bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bitlis Hava Kirliliği Emisyon Envanteri ve Sağlık Etkilerinin Çoklu Lineer Regresyonla Tahmini
Authors: TURP Sinan Mehmet
Published: August 2018

Bitlis ili
topoğrafik yapısı ve coğrafik konumu nedeni ile karasal bir iklime sahiptir.
Ülkemizde sıcaklık ortalaması düşük illerden biri olan Bitlis’te kışlar oldukça
soğuk ve uzun geçmektedir. Uzun süren kış döneminin çok soğuk ve ağır geçmesi
nedeniyle kömürün bilinçsizce ve aşırı tüketiminden dolayı en fazla hava
kirliliği kış aylarında görülür. Kış aylarında kullanılan bu yakıtların neden
olduğu kirletici konsantrasyonları hava kalitesi sınır değerlerini aşmamakla
birlikte inversiyon etkisiyle Bitlis ili hava kalitesini olumsuz yönde
etkilemektedir. Hava kirliliğine neden olan bu gaz veya toz halindeki
kirleticiler solunum sistemine zarar vermektedir. Hava kirliliğinin insan sağlığına
olan etkileri maruziyet süresine ve kirletici miktarına göre
değişmektedir.  Son yıllarda hava
kirliliğinin kısa süreli ve uzun süreli etkileriyle ilgili birçok çalışma
yapılmış ve dolaşım sistemine bağlı olarak hastalık ve ölüm oranlarının arttığı
gözlemlenmiştir.  Bitlis Çevre ve
Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü’nden alınan verilere göre 2015 yılında, Bitlis iline
giriş yapan kömür miktarı toplam 55.118,63 kg.’dır. 2015 yılında, hava
kirliliğindeki birincil kirleticilerden SOx, NOx, PM10
ve CO parametreleri sırasıyla, 1.980 kg, 176 kg, 210 kg ve 2.211 kg atmosfere
deşarj edildiği hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, kirletici parametrelerin SOx, NOx, CO
ve PM10 ölçüm değerlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bitlis Sağlık İl Müdürlüğü’nden
solunum ve akciğer hastalıklarından kaynaklı hastanelere başvuran hasta sayısı
verileri alınmıştır. Bu verilere göre çoklu lineer regresyon yöntemi
kullanılarak gelecek yıldaki hasta sayısı tahmin edilmiştir. Gerçek veriler ve tahmin verileri karşılaştırılarak R2=0,98
oranında uyum sağlanmıştır.
Women’s preservation of Oral Culture in Imilchil: The Festival of Marriage as a Case Study
Authors: FADIL Siham
Published: August 2018

Moroccan women, like others in different parts of the world, contribute to the education of generations and the transmission of the oral heritage through tales, poems and proverbs riddles. They also uphold the physical heritage such as clothes, textile and jewellry. Since the intangible and oral heritage in Morocco varies from one area to another, focus will be put on the Imilchil area, where the festival of marriage is held. Women in this region play a key role in preserving the Amazigh cultural heritage. They are educators and models that guide the coming generations and reinforce their identity.
A novel system for the treatment of wastewater from a tomato processing plant with UV light
Authors: Mahoney Laura , Younis Bassam A. , Simmons Christopher W.
Published: August 2018

In tomato processing plants, the production of paste involves the use of heat to evaporate water to concentrate the tomato juice. The hot water isolated from the juice is then passed through cooling towers to cool it sufficiently before discharge. Recovery of excess and blowdown water from the cooling towers would decrease the net water demand of the plant and improve water efficiency. However, since this water has been exposed to the open air, it must be disinfected before reuse. This research investigated the use of a novel ultraviolet (UV) system to disinfect water from the cooling tower basins located at an industrial tomato processing facility. The objective was to assess, in situ, the disinfection system's performance with regards to its utility, and its ability and to treat wastewater generated in an operational, industrial-scale setting. Beyond typical wastewater microbial assays, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to understand the bacterial communities present in the wastewater, and to screen for microorganisms that may pose a risk for water reuse in food processing facilities.
Performance of a full-scale ceramic MBR system to treat domestic sewage
Authors: Niwa T. , Yin R. , Oo M. H. , Noguchi H. , Watanabe T. , Razali L. Y. , Png H. Y. , Lay W. C. L. , Ong K. A. , Alom M.
Published: August 2018

Application of membrane technology for water reclamation has grown significantly in recent years due to reduced footprint size and more consistent product water quality. For a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, it is critical for it to be robust to allow membrane systems to operate at higher flux without significant increase of trans-membrane pressure (TMP). A full-scale ceramic MBR system was installed at Changi Water Reclamation Plant (CWRP) as part of an MBR retrofit project to increase treatment capacity without expanding the plant's footprint. The nominal capacity of the ceramic MBR system is 15,000 m3/d. The system has been successfully operating since January 2017 with a net flux of 30–60 L/m2-hr (LMH). Stable operation was observed at nominal production capacity for more than 3 months. During that period, the TMP was stable in the range of 9–14 kPa for Tank A and 10–17 kPa for Tank B. Permeate turbidity was recorded in the range of 0.04–0.06 NTU for both Tank A and Tank B.
Sulfate reducing bacteria applied to domestic wastewater
Authors: van den Brand Tessa , Snip Laura , Palmen Luc , Weij Paul , Sipma Jan , van Loosdrecht Mark
Published: August 2018

The application of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) to treat municipal wastewater is seldom considered. For instance, due to low sludge yield it can reduce the amount of excess sludge produced significantly. Several studies, mainly at laboratory-scale, revealed that SRB can proliferate in artificial wastewater systems at temperatures of 20°C and lower. So far, the application of SRB in a domestic wastewater treatment plant has been limited. Therefore, this study evaluates the proliferation of SRB at pilot-scale in a moderate climate. This study revealed that SRB were present and active in the pilot fed with domestic wastewater at 13°C, and outcompete methanogens. Stable, smooth and well-settled granule formation occurred, which is beneficial for full-scale application. In the Netherlands the sulfate concentration is usually low (<500 mg/L), therefore the application of SRB seems challenging as sulfate is limiting. Additional measurements indicated the presence of other sulfur sources, therefore higher sulfur levels were available, which makes it possible to remove more than 75% of the chemical oxygen demand (excluding sulfide) based on SRB activity. The beneficial application of SRB to domestic wastewater treatment might therefore be valid for more locations than initially expected.
NOM-removal by the SIX®-process
Authors: Galjaard G. , Koreman E. , Metcalfe D. , Moore G. , Ericsson Per
Published: August 2018

Some waters can have elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), especially sources like surface waters that are under the influence of secondary effluent, recreation, heavy population, farming and industry. In a number of locations in north-west Europe, for example the United Kingdom and Scandinavia, DOC levels are increasing over time, most likely due to climate change effects and changes in land use. For these types of water, ion exchange (IX) is of interest as a pre-treatment option because the removal of colour and DOC by IX will increase the efficiency of all downstream processes, including: coagulation, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and granular activated carbon filtration (GAC). It will also lead to improved water quality (i.e., less by-product formation) and most likely improvements in biostability within the distribution network. Surface waters also contain suspended and colloidal matter, making it nearly impossible to use standard state-of-the-art, fixed bed IX columns. This is because these beds will foul quickly (i.e., head loss build-up) with suspended matter. When this happens, the IX bed starts to function as a filtration bed rather than as an adsorption media. The newly developed suspended ion exchange process SIX® (suspended ion exchange, PWN Technologies, Netherlands) presents an advanced solution for a world-wide challenge: how to remove natural organic matter (NOM/DOC) as a first step in surface water treatment to improve the efficiency of downstream processes and water quality. In addition to the possibility to treat water that contains suspended matter, another advantage is that the process has advanced to an economically and technically feasible process, requiring low contact times and small resin inventories, with a large tolerance for flow fluctuations. Depending on the water source, adding a relatively low concentration of coagulant after IX removes even greater quantities of DOC, especially in the fraction of the high molecular weight organic carbon (whilst the IX primarily removed the humic and fulvic organic fractions). The most important advancement is that almost any commercially available resin can be used, creating the desired flexibility in resin suppliers for water supply companies. This paper describes the process and its advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional technologies. NOM-characterisation with size exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography – organic carbon detection (SEC/LC-OCD) before and after this process showed the outstanding performance of the process, especially on water types which contain high colour/DOC-concentrations and low total dissolved solids, which are typical of the majority of the surface waters in the north-west of Europe.
Defluoridation of groundwater using mechanochemically-activated clay soil
Authors: Denga Masindi E. , Gitari Wilson M. , Izuagie Anthony A. , Akinyemi Segun A.
Published: August 2018

High concentrations of fluoride in drinking water are reported to be hazardous to human health. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of mechanochemically-activated aluminosilicate clay soil in removing fluoride from groundwater. The soil was subjected to physicochemical transformation through mechanochemical activation for different time intervals (5, 10, 15 and 30 min). The highest specific surface obtained was about 50 m2/g, with the sample activated for 30 minutes. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analyses of samples showed an increase in absorbance by Si-O-H groups at 510 cm−1 with increasing milling time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that, at 30 minutes milling time, peak broadening was intensified while reflection peak intensities decreased. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry showed that silica and alumina were the major clay soil components. Using a dosage of 0.6 g/100 mL of activated clay, a maximum fluoride removal of 41% was achieved using the batch activated for 30 minutes on water spiked with 9 mg-F/L at pH 2.41. The adsorption data fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, but only the pseudo-second-order kinetic, showing chemisorption fluoride removal.
Potential of efficient toilets in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Otaki Yurina , Otaki Masahiro , Aramaki Toshiya
Published: August 2018

Many water authorities have promoted the installation of water-saving devices as an effective way of managing residential water demand. However, there has been some controversy about the effectiveness of such devices in studies in developed countries, and few studies have considered the use of water-saving devices in developing countries, where a rapid increase in water demand is expected. This study focused on toilet replacement and the residential water-saving potential in urban Hanoi, Vietnam – a country presently enjoying remarkable economic growth and increasing water demand – using the Monte Carlo simulation, i.e., stochastic, approach. We surveyed the toilets of 134 households. Annual water savings were not large – 2.2 liters per person per day (1.9% of total residential consumption) – despite the assumption that all toilets would be replaced with efficient ones within three years. Based on this study, a rebate to encourage toilet replacement would have limited effect for saving water, contrary to experience in developed countries. Comparing the volume of water saved, the simple analytical model, i.e. the deterministic approach, under-estimated the water-saving potential.
Water quality in earthen dams and potential health impacts: case of Nadosoito Dam, Tanzania
Authors: Eliakimu N. , Machunda R. L. , Njau K. N.
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to assess seasonal water quality variations in an earthen dam and their potential impact on the health of those using the water for domestic purposes. High values of chemical oxygen demand, from <0.7 to 87 mg/l, and turbidity, from 204 to 53,300 NTU, were reported. Turbidity and total suspended solids were the highest at the onset of rainfall, and generally declined from the wet to the dry season. Ammonia concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 270 mg/l and nitrate from 0.6 to 1,715 mg-N/l, and were highest towards the end of wet season, while NO2-N was highest (290 mg/l) in the dry season. There were some notably high phycocyanin (PC) pigment values (19.9 to 495 μg/l) unique to cyanobacteria, well above the WHO alert level of 30 μg/l. PC is associated with a variety of toxins affecting humans and animals. Possible sources of pollutants include animal droppings/urine and runoff from farms applying fertilisers. A further aim was to assess water treatability with a pilot inclined plate settler system for pollutants and microbial removal. The results of this study suggest that water treatment systems must be designed to take care of the worst influent water quality conditions.
A escola pública e o imaginário de inclusão digital: os discursos sobre o sujeito-aluno no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Dos Santos Cristiane Pereira , Di Renzo Ana Maria
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho pretende refletir pelo viés da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa, as discursividades sobre o sujeito-aluno na era digital e o imaginário de formação deste sujeito para o mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, foram selecionados dois programas de governo que objetivam levar à Escola Pública a inclusão digital – Educação Digital: política para computadores e tablets (2012) e Programa Nacional de Tecnologia Educacional (1997). Na discursividade do Estado, essas políticas públicas de inclusão digital estão funcionando pela ideologia capitalista e neoliberal de Estado, atravessando assim, as instituições escolares, as atividades de linguagens entre os professores e, principalmente, os alunos.
Um aspecto da teoria saussuriana que Jakobson teria ignorado ou da relativização do caráter radical da separação entre sincronia e diacronia em Saussure
Authors: Cruz Marcio Alexandre
Published: August 2018

O Curso de linguística geral foi considerado por Jakobson como uma “hipótese de trabalho”. No lugar de fornecer um balanço dos avanços em linguística (como, por exemplo, Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte de Hermann Paul), essa obra apresentaria os começos movimentados de uma perspectiva nova e inovadora. Situado entre duas diferentes maneiras de ver as coisas, ela não poderia estar totalmente isenta de contradições, e considerá-la como um compêndio poderia levar a dois erros fundamentais: 1) rejeitar em bloco seu conteúdo; 2) dissimular as contradições mais do que considerá-las como um fato instrutivo. Apesar dessa apreciação, parece que Jakobson fixa interpretações a propósito de aspectos da teoria saussuriana que o próprio Saussure reconheceu, algumas vezes de maneira explícita, como demandando ainda maiores explicações. A separação entre sincronia e diacronia é um exemplo. Este artigo procura mostrar, em particular, algumas hesitações de Saussure relativas a esse ponto completamente ignoradas por Jakobson.
Fragmentos sobre os “fatos de sinonímia” nos Escritos de Linguística Geral
Authors: Lima Maria Hozanete Alves de , Melo Felipe Morais de
Published: August 2018

O ano de 1996, para a Linguística, foi marcado pela descoberta de uma série de manuscritos reveladores do fato de que o linguista F. de Saussure escreveu muito e sobre assuntos os mais variados. De um universo de aproximadamente 50 mil folhas manuscritas, vieram a público, na França, em 2002, a obra Écrits de Linguistique Générale (ELG) e, na suíça, em 2011, o título Science du langage; De la double essence du langage. O linguista italiano De Mauro (2013) coloca em evidência quatro categorias terminológicas presentes nestas compilações que não aparecem, de modo explícito, no Curso de Linguística Geral. Sejam eles: 1. quaternion; 2. parallélie; 3. synonymie e synonyme; e 4. intégration ou postmédiation-réflexion. Destes, um em particular é objeto de nossa atenção: a “sinonímia”. Buscamos refletir quais razões e de que maneira os “fatos de sinonímia” interessam ao linguista genebrino.
Semiologia/semiótica em Saussure e Jakobson: conceitos, filiações, debates
Authors: Broden Thomas F.
Published: August 2018

Foi através do desenvolvimento da fonologia, conforme os princípios do CGL que o Círculo Linguístico de Praga conseguiu reconhecer a linguística como a mais avançada entre as ciências humanas há várias décadas. O grupo checo, assim, ajudou a estabelecer Ferdinand de Saussure como uma figura seminal para a era moderna, ao lado de pensadores como Freud, Marx e Nietzsche. Roman Jakobson fez deu uma contribuição particularmente significativa para a propagação do saussurismo, graças à sua genialidade e à sua abundante produção acadêmica, às suas visões amplas e à sua longa e variada carreira. A primeira parte deste ensaio descreve brevemente os principais passos da elaboração de Saussure sobre a ideia do semiológico. A segunda parte examina como Jakobson adotou a tese da saussureana ao mesmo tempo em que adicionou suas próprias ideias semióticas que ampliam, desenvolvem e às vezes contestam determinadas propostas do CGL. Este artigo enfoca o signo e a semiose, ou a ação de produzir signos, e traça o crescimento progressivo do domínio semiótico, primeiro em Saussure, depois em Jakobson. Tendo feito a escolha de esboçar uma evolução complexa e extensa dos dois linguistas, somos obrigados a aceitar que o ensaio não pode examinar em detalhes cada conceito fundamental em questão.
O papel da entonação e da repetição no funcionamento da rasura oral em escrita colaborativa na sala de aula
Authors: Felipeto Cristina , Marques Miriam Pessoa
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender o funcionamento da rasura oral através da repetição e da entonação quando uma díade de alunas recém-alfabetizadas escreve em colaboração um único texto. Inserida no campo da Linguística Textual, a presente pesquisa se apoia nos estudos enunciativos propostos por Benveniste (1991; 2006), pela relação dialógica em que se encontram as alunas, e na Genética Textual, por se voltar para a análise do processo de escritura e não apenas para o produto final e por trazer conceitos essenciais para nosso trabalho, tais como os de rasura e manuscrito. O corpus utilizado faz parte do banco de dados Prática de Textualização na Escola (PTE), pertencente ao Laboratório do Manuscrito Escolar (L’ÂME), e é constituído por filmagem, áudio, transcrição e o produto final de cada processo, o manuscrito. Para a presente pesquisa, foram analisados 18 processos de escritura, de uma díade de alunas com idade entre 7 e 8 anos, coletados nos anos de 1991 e 1992, durante o primeiro e segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental, respectivamente, em uma escola particular da cidade de São Paulo – SP. Apartir da análise e discussão dos dados, pôde-se compreender um pouco mais do funcionamento da rasura oral, elemento inerente ao ato de escrita em pares e contribuir para os estudos da gênese textual e escrita colaborativa.
Uma análise de redes do termo planos da linguagem na semiótica discursiva
Authors: Castro Carolina Mazzaron de
Published: August 2018

Este artigo é uma pesquisa preliminar sobre o construto teórico-metodológico do termo “planos da linguagem” no interior da teoria da semiótica discursiva e contém como córpus obras que fundaram o projeto semiótico e deram continuidade à disciplina ao longo dos anos. Visando compreender como o termo é abordado por autores consagrados na teoria, utilizamos como metodologia para este trabalho a análise de redes sociais (ARS) que tem sido um tópico de interesse de diversos estudos realizados nos últimos anos. As redes sociais podem ser estabelecidas a partir da relação entre pessoas ou da relação de informações que podem ser analisadas para caracterizar áreas de pesquisa científica por meio da construção de redes semânticas variáveis no tempo. As redes construídas nesta pesquisa têm por base a recorrência de assuntos tratados no índice, sumário, títulos e subtítulos das obras, que servem para representar a evolução do termo ao longo do tempo.
Extensão universitária: contribuições na formação de discentes de Enfermagem
Authors: Oliveira Franklin Learcton Bezerra de , Almeida Júnior José Jailson de
Published: August 2018

-
Analysis of the toxicological and epidemiological profile of homicide victims in Vitória, ES, Brazil
Authors: Arrantes Leonardo Lessa , Pinto Fernanda Endringer , Buzin Aline Rodrigues , Endringer Denise Coutinho , Andrade Tadeu Uggere de , Lenz Dominik
Published: August 2018

-
A presença do cão e sua relação com o relato de morbidades, incidência de quedas e a qualidade de vida de um grupo de idosos em um município da região Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Martins Maria Aparecida Alves , Pereira Pedro Lúcio Lithg , Faria Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais , Martins Pedro Henrique Alves , Silva José Ailton da , Barbosa Juliana Magalhães Machado , Soares Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães
Published: August 2018

-
A exposição a experiências adversas na infância é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças e agravos à saúde na vida adulta?
Authors: Pereira Flávia Garcia , Viana Maria Carmen
Published: August 2018

A exposição a experiências adversas na infância é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças e agravos à saúde na vida adulta?
Consumo de cálcio dietético e indicadores antropométricos de adolescentes de uma escola pública de Petrolina/PE
Authors: Correia Naila Pinheiro , Medrado Jossandra Naiara , Marinho Thayana Shasta Rodrigues , Sotero Andréa Marques
Published: August 2018

Dietary calcium intake and anthropometric indicators of adolescents in a public school of Petrolina/PE, Brazil
A vivência da intersetorialidade na perspectiva de gestores: integrando saúde e educação no contexto da dengue
Authors: Pereira Flisch Tácia Maria , Evangelista Janete Gonçalves , Pimenta Denise Nacif
Published: August 2018

The perceptions of health managers about intersectoriality: integrating health and education in the context of dengue
Biotransformation of Coumarins by Filamentous Fungi: An Alternative Way for Achievement of Bioactive Analogs
Authors: do Nascimento Jainara Santos , Conceição João Carlos Silva , de Oliveira Silva Eliane
Published: August 2018

Coumarins are natural 1,2-benzopyrones, present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants. The low yield in the coumarins isolation from natural sources, along with the difficulties faced by the total synthesis, make them attractive for biotechnological studies. The current literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins by fungi, which can generate chemical analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological interest in the coumarin-related compounds, their alimentary and chemical applications, this review covers the biotransformation of coumarins by filamentous fungi. The chemical structures of the analogs were presented and compared with those from the pattern structures. The main chemical reactions catalyzed the insertion of functional groups, and the impact on the biological activities caused by the chemical transformations were discussed. Several chemical reactions can be catalyzed by filamentous fungi in the coumarin scores, mainly lactone ring opening, C3-C4 reduction and hydroxylation. Chunninghamella sp. and Aspergillus sp. are the most common fungi used in these transformations. Concerning the substrates, the biotransformation of pyranocoumarins is a rarer process. Sometimes, the bioactivities were improved by the chemical modifications and coincidences with the mammalian metabolism were pointed out.
Comparison Between 3D Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) in the Measurement of Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction
Authors: Benameur Narjes , Arous Younes , Ben Abdallah Nejmeddine , Kraiem Tarek
Published: August 2018

Background:

Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) are
two noninvasive techniques for the evaluation of cardiac function for patients with coronary artery
diseases. Although echocardiography is the commonly used technique in clinical practice for the
assessment of cardiac function, the measurement of LV volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by the use of this technique is still influenced by several factors inherent to the protocol acquisition, which may affect the accuracy of echocardiography in the measurement of global
LV parameters.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to compare the end systolic volume (ESV), the end diastolic
volume (EDV), and the LVEF values obtained with three dimensional echocardiography (3D echo)
with those obtained by CMRI (3 Tesla) in order to estimate the accuracy of 3D echo in the assessment of cardiac function.

Methods:

20 subjects, (9 controls, 6 with myocardial infarction, and 5 with myocarditis) with age
varying from 18 to 58, underwent 3D echo and CMRI. LV volumes and LVEF were computed
from CMRI using a stack of cine MRI images in a short axis view. The same parameters were calculated using the 3D echo. A linear regression analysis and Bland Altman diagrams were performed to evaluate the correlation and the degree of agreement between the measurements obtained
by the two methods.

Results:

The obtained results show a strong correlation between the 3D echo and CMR in the
measurement of functional parameters (r = 0.96 for LVEF values, r = 0.99 for ESV and r= 0.98 for
EDV, p < 0.01 for all) with a little lower values of LV volumes and higher values of LVEF by 3D
echo compared to CMRI. According to statistical analysis, there is a slight discrepancy between the
measurements obtained by the two methods.

Conclusion:

3D echo represents an accurate noninvasive tool for the assessment of cardiac function. However, other studies should be conducted on a larger population including some complicated diagnostic cases.
Multiple Quantum Barrier Nano-avalanche Photodiodes - Part III: Time and Frequency Responses
Authors: Ghosh Somrita , Acharyya Aritra
Published: August 2018

Background:

The time and frequency responses of Multiple Quantum Barrier (MQB)
nano-scale Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) based on Si~3C-SiC material system have been investigated
in this final part.

Methods:

A very narrow rectangular pulse of pulse-width of 0.4 ps has been used as the input optical
pulse having 850 nm wavelength incidents on the p+-side of the MQB APD structures and corresponding
current responses have been calculated by using a simulation method developed by the
authors.

Results:

Finally the frequency responses of the devices are obtained via the Fourier transform of
the corresponding pulse current responses in time domain.

Conclusion:

Simulation results show that MQB nano-APDs possess significantly faster time response
and wider frequency response as compared to the flat Si nano-APDs under similar operating
conditions.
Stocktype effect on field performance of Austrian pine seedlings
Authors: Devetaković Jovana R , Makimović Zoran , Ivanović Boris , Baković Zvonimir , Ivetić Vladan
Published: August 2018

Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are one of the most produced planting material in Serbian nurseries. In this study we compared a field performance of two container stocktypes, one usually used (2+0 produced in Plantagrah I) and one recently introduced (1+0 produced in Hiko V120 SS). The trial was established at planting site Vlaško polje (East Serbia), at altitude of 840 m a.s.l., one year following the total destruction of previous pine plantation by ice. One-year-old Austrian pine seedlings produced in Hiko containers show similar initial height and root collar diameter at planting time as two-year-old seedlings produced in traditionally used Plantagrah I containers. There was no vegetation control at field trial during the first growing season. At the end of the first growing season, taller (15.6 cm) and more slender (H/D=4.5) 1+0 seedlings from Hiko containers survived at higher rate, and shorter (10.9 cm) and more stocky seedlings 2+0 produced in Plantagrah I grow in height at higher rate. Seedlings taller at the planting time kept their advantage in size after the first growing season at the field. We found that both stocktypes can be used in operational planting programs on sites with lack of vegetation control.
O ARGUMENTO DA RESPONSABILIDADE: UM ENSAIO SOBRE O NÃO-POSITIVISMO INCLUSIVO DE ROBERT ALEXY E OS BENS HUMANOS BÁSICOS
Authors: Papaléo Paes Alberto de Moraes , Papaléo Paes Jaciel de Moraes
Published: August 2018

No presente ensaio pretendemos analisar o conceito de Robert Alexy acerca do que vem a ser o Não-Positivismo Inclusivo. Ao descrever a teoria do direito alexyiana pretendemos denunciar as opacidades do discurso relativista que ela acaba produzindo a partir da perspectiva da responsabilidade civil. Fazendo isto, pretendemos, por oportuno, indicar uma alternativa possível capaz de mitigar o relativismo dos discursos baseados no pressuposto de autonomia kantiana a partir de um revigoramento de Aristóteles e São Tomás de Aquino na obra de John Finnis. Apesar de discordarmos de algumas conclusões conservadoras do autor australiano sua metodologia analógica se torna uma possibilidade de objetivação do dano e inserção do interesse jurídico como critério validativo para compreensão da responsabilidade com os Bens humanos básicos.
NOTAS SOBRE A PAZ. PROPÓSITO DE UM CONSTITUCIONALISMO CIDADÃO
Authors: Ferreyra Raúl Gustavo
Published: August 2018

A existência dos indivíduos somente pode ser explicada se realizada em sociedade. A harmonia e o equilíbrio comunitário podem ser alcançados com a paz, ausência de guerra e regulação da violência por intermédio do direito. A Constituição do Estado apresenta-se como a peça mais celebrada para disciplinar a administração da força estatal: uma linguagem voltada para a paz. A Lei Suprema fundamenta o Estado e com suas regras estimula um controle responsável da paz. Assim, a Constituição desenvolve um papel decisivo como norma processual: alcançar e consolidar a paz relativa de uma comunidade. A procura da paz constitui o bem mais apreciado numa comunidade, porque mantêm coesos a todos seus cidadãos. Neste sentido, chama-se “constitucionalismo cidadão” ao processo que, com ativa participação, inclui a todos os cidadãos de uma comunidade dentro do tipo “Estado constitucional”, que, com respeito e diligência, definem a orientação para a paz relativa. Alcançada essa, a desigualdade crescente e injusta que apresenta-se como um flagelo, com capacidade suficiente para afetar a paz social obtida, devem ser resolvidas.
CHANGING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN A GLOBAL ORDER: THREE DIFFERENT APPROACHES
Authors: Souza Michel Roberto Oliveira de
Published: August 2018

This article explores three different approaches in changing the international investment dispute resolution institutional arrangement models. To do this, it first analyses the hegemonic Bilateral Investment Treaties’ system of investor-State arbitration. Then the article focus on critics related to the procedure, regarding jurisdictional issues. Thirdly, it presents three different approaches to change institutional arrangements in the investment dispute resolution system, as the European, the U.S. and the Brazilian approaches.
Efecto del manejo forestal sobre algunos servicios ecosistémicos en los bosques templados de México
Authors: Monárrez-González José Carlos , Pérez-Verdín Gustavo , López-González Celia , Márquez-Linares Marco Antonio , González Elizondo María del Socorro
Published: August 2018

Un elemento clave para favorecer un manejo forestal sustentable es conocer las compensaciones, sinergias y relaciones de los servicios ecosistémicos generados por los bosques. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la relación entre el manejo forestal y algunos servicios ecosistémicos, en particular la conservación de la diversidad vegetal, producción de madera, regulación de los flujos del agua y el secuestro y almacenamiento de carbono en bosques templados de México. Se revisaron varias bases de datos bibliográficos para encontrar los estudios más relacionados con estos temas, compilándose 57 trabajos. El manejo forestal se materializa a través de prácticas que incluyen aclareos, cortas de regeneración, selección y otros tratamientos complementarios. De manera general, el manejo forestal impacta de forma positiva el abastecimiento de madera (materia prima) y el secuestro y almacén de carbono. Tiene un efecto variable en la conservación de la diversidad vegetal y negativo en el abastecimiento de flujos de agua, al menos al inicio de la intervención silvícola. El impacto y resiliencia del ecosistema depende de la escala espacial y temporal de la perturbación. La identificación, cuantificación y evaluación de las interacciones de los servicios ecosistémicos en los bosques templados de México, puede ayudar a los tomadores de decisiones a minimizar los impactos posibles del manejo forestal sobre los servicios ecosistémicos.
Cultural Values in Green Rating Framework
Authors: Masri Mawar , Mohd Yunus Rodzyah , Sh. Ahmad Sabarinah
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a review on holistic approaches of green building assessment tools (GBAT) for sustainable development (SD) showing the trends and conceptual framework. The method of the study is through literature review which highlighted the socio-cultural inadequacy of most GBAT. The paper proposes several hypotheses. Firstly, to use a holistic universal method to assess sustainability within the community's cultural context. Secondly, the assessment criteria for sustainability from the socio-cultural viewpoint would differ from the conventional tools. Thirdly, the study proposes that the community would prefer to shape their future environment with specific preferred values in their home environment.
Strategic Communication in Public Participation
Authors: Mat Tazin Saidathul Nizah , Yaakop Shira Haniza
Published: August 2018

This paper emphasises significantly on public relations strategic planning in public participation to gain organisational effectiveness.  Grunig (1992) describes organisation's decision affects public and in turn the public affect the organisation's decision.  This paper discusses the Situational theory of publics (Grunig, 1992) and highlights communication programmes for public participation in the development of slope area in Bukit Antarabangsa, Selangor. This paper suggests a framework of public relations strategic planning for public participation in MPAJ based on findings obtained from multiple methods of data collection.
Young Kidney Professionals’ Perspectives and Attitudes about Consuming Scientific Information
Authors: Tong Allison , Crews Deidra C. , Schell Jane O. , de Boer Ian H. , Chonchol Michel , Mehrotra Rajnish
Published: August 2018

The digital era has seen rapid changes in how information is consumed. Traditional dissemination of scholarly work through biomedical journals may not be optimally tailored to the preferences of younger clinicians and researchers. We aimed to describe the perspectives of young clinicians and researchers in kidney disease on consuming scientific information. Three focus groups were conducted during the 2017 American Society of Nephrology Kidney Week with a total of 29 nephrologists and researchers (ages 40 years old and younger) purposively sampled through our networks and the American Society of Nephrology registration database. Data were analyzed thematically. Of the 72 participants invited, 29 participated from 28 centers across 13 countries. Five themes were identified: capturing and retaining attention (with subthemes of triggering interest, optimizing readability, and navigation to sustain motivation); having discernible relevance (resonating with clinical and research interests, supporting professional development, action-oriented and readily applicable, able to disseminate, contextualizing the study, and filtering out informational noise); immediacy and efficiency in processing information (requiring instantaneous and easy access, enabling rapid understanding, and facilitating comprehension of complex concepts); trusting legitimate and credible sources (authoritative indicator of importance and quality, reputable experts broadening perspective, certainty and confidence with collegial input, accurate framing and translation of the message, ascertaining methodologic detail and nuances, and integrating the patient perspective); and social dialoguing and debate. Immediate and digitally optimized access motivated young kidney professionals to consume scientific information. Mechanisms that enable them to distil relevant and new evidence, appraise and apply information to clinical practice and research, disseminate studies to colleagues, and engage in discussion and debate may enhance their comprehension, confidence, interpretation, and use of scientific literature.
Immigrant Students Reflections on Their Failed Results from Compulsory School: Reconsidering Multi-dimensional Solutions (Note 1)
Authors: Abraham Getahun Yacob
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to investigate reasons students with an immigrant background in one Swedish high school gives for their failure in some subjects at the end of their compulsory education. An interview with 18 students with an immigrant background is used as a method. According to the students, schools’ employment of substitute teachers without subject knowledge, reducing and firing competent teachers and less time for Swedish language lessons are reasons for failure in relation to schools. Other reasons given that affect results relate to family issues; leaving their country of origin, having many siblings and not getting enough attention from parents, parents inability to help them with school work, limited family financial resources and social obligations to support family members in their country of origin. In their residential area; not meeting persons with Swedish origin, lack of recreational facilities and meeting place, higher unemployment and crime rate are emphasized as affecting their lives and influencing their results. Based on the research findings and reviewed literature, students’ failure is mainly related to school, family and residential areas. The problems vary to a great extent, hence, the solutions should also be multi-dimensional.
Translation of Onomatopoeia: Somewhere between Equivalence and Function
Authors: Yaqubi Mojde , Tahir Rawshan Ibrahim , Amini Mansour
Published: August 2018

English-Persian translation of novels deals with the challenges of understanding and transferring different linguistic aspects such as those of onomatopoeias. These elements are expected to create difficulties for translators as they are realized differently in English and Persian. Although some studies have been done to identify onomatopoeias in different languages, they are less debated in the area of translation. This study concentrates on English translation of 125 onomatopoeias in the novel A Tale of Two cities written by Charles Dickens and their Persian translations done by two translators. It aims at identifying English onomatopoeias in the corpus and the translation techniques used for translating them by the two translators. Furthermore, taking prospective approach, it comparatively assesses the two translated versions in terms of their success of translation of onomatopoeias from English into Persian. Finally this study aims at proposing a guideline which helps the translators to translate onomatopoeias in English Novels into Persian.
Pretend Play and Social Competence in Peer Play Groups of Five-Year-Old Boys and Girls
Authors: Choi Jieun , Ae Ohm Jung
Published: August 2018

We examined the associations among different types of pretend play in peer play groups, as well as the associations between pretend play with peer play groups and children's social competence. Participants were 87 Korean preschool students (42 boys, 45 girls). We observed the participants'
pretend play with same-gender, opposite-gender, and mixed-gender peers, and both teachers and peers provided assessments of the children's social competence. Analyses revealed that pretend play with the same-gender peer play group was negatively associated with those of the opposite- and mixed-gender
peer play group for boys, whereas it was positively associated for girls. For both boys and girls, social competence as measured by opposite-gender peers was negatively associated with pretend play in the same-gender peer play group. Social competence as measured by teachers was significantly
negatively associated with pretend play with mixed-gender peers for girls.
Affect Heuristic and Format Effect in Risk Perception
Authors: Wu Lin , Zeng Sheng , Wu Yue
Published: August 2018

The affect heuristic can evoke a format effect so that different ways of expressing the level of likelihood of an event happening can cause different perceptions of the level of risk. We conducted 3 studies to test the hypothesis that a format effect is not always present at every level
of probability, and even when a format effect occurs, it depends on risk level and emotion. In Study 1, the risk of a flood threatening participants' homes (familiar risk) regardless of change in emotion, occurred only at a 5% probability level. In Study 2, when facing an unfamiliar risk (being
infected by Chikungunya fever), regardless of change in emotion, a format effect occurred at the level of 5% probability only when emotion was positive. In Study 3, a format effect occurred at a 5% probability level when prior emotion expectation was positive and risk consequences were emphasized.
We can conclude that the format effect depends on changes in risk level and emotions.
HANDLING OF MARKET COMPLAINTS AND RECALLS, REVIEW OF FDA-483 FORM
Authors: Shashikant Gavande Sonali , Chhabra Gurmeet , Nayan Gujarathi
Published: August 2018

In the pharmaceutical industry, any type of immediate response to the customer complaint can be critical because any product failure can be fatal situation for customer. Product complaint management is critical but essential component in the pharmaceutical industry from the point of view of regulatory and patient compliance. Once, the product get into market, the post marketing surveillance will start its role to monitor the adverse effect on population. The origin of complaint can be anything, like production, transportation and packing. This critical step needs uniform, single, and secured platform to manage product complaint right from initiation to the closure. Hence, the market complaints are handled with well defined procedure on higher priority. If the complaint is genuine, then a root cause analysis performed to rectify the problem and the product should be recalled from market if it is necessary. The main contributions of this paper will be to describe the concerns about the handling of market complaint, effective product recall and rule called as FDA - 483.
Comparative study of In-process and finished products quality control test for tablet and capsules according to pharmacopoeias
Authors: Chavan Harishchandra , Chhabra Gurmeet , Gujarathi Nayan , Jadhav Anil
Published: August 2018

The goal of all Pharmaceutical industry is to make a good quality product and for this it is necessary to allow In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) Approaches. In-process quality control tests are done before the manufacturing process is completed. The function of in-process controls is to monitor and if necessary, adaptation of the manufacturing process to achieve the required specification. This may incorporate control of equipment and environment too. In-process materials should be tested for their physical parameters and its quality attributes which are later approved or rejected by the quality control department. The reason of IPQC is to deliver a cumulative finished product by avoiding or eliminating mistakes at every stage in production. The objective of this study is the comparison of In-process quality control test of India Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia and the United state Pharmacopoeia. It was observed from various studies that quality control tests for tablet and capsule listed in different pharmacopoeias   have slight similarities and differences
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORMELOXIFENE FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS
Authors: Sathali Abdul Hasan , M Ramanathan
Published: August 2018

The objective of the present work was to enhancedissolution and solubility of slightly water soluble ormeloxifene hydrochloride and formulate fast dissolving tablets. The research work was two-phase process, the first phase was to enhance the solubility and dissolution of ormeloxifene. For this object drugwas processed with different solid dispersion techniques like kneading, co precipitation, melting and solvent evaporation technique with
3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS – A POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
Authors: Jose Preethy Ani , GV Peter Christoper
Published: August 2018

The 3D PRINTING technology has caught the attention of medical devices industry and pharmaceutical industry due to its applications on various platform in health care industry. Even though this technology exists for a long time it is of public interest highly now due to the approval of 3-D printed tablet and other medical devices and also with the advent of USFDA’s guidance on technical considerations specific to devices using additive manufacturing which encompasses 3-dimensional (3D) printing has triggered many thoughts about this technology which needs to be considered for successful delivery of intended product. This paper presents regulatory agencies expectations, limitations, problems in establishing such setups for production of drug products, advantages, disadvantages, applications, methods and associated risks involved in manufacturing. It also provides the comprehensive review of the current status of research and development on this platform.
Novos passos do Golpe: o enquadramento da reforma da Previdência no Jornal Nacional
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Ademir de , Fernandes Carla Montuori , Chagas Genira Correia
Published: August 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo mapear e analisar o enquadramento do Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo de Televisão, sobre a reforma da Previdência apresentada pelo Presidente Michel Temer (MDB). Ao longo dos 49 anos de existência, o JN construiu uma trajetória de interferência em questões políticas e de alinhamento com grupos de poder. O estudo tem como hipótese que a proposta, não debatida com a sociedade, encontrou adesão no telejornal, que atuou como propagador do discurso da necessidade de aprovação da reforma. O estudo utilizou como metodologia a análise de conteúdo para identificar as principais marcas de enquadramento nas reportagens.