bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on CoS2 for early screening of tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Zhao Chulei , Ma Chaoyun , Wu Mei , Li Wenjun , Song Yiju , Hong Chenglin , Qiao Xiuwen
Published: January 2020

In this work, PANI–HRP nanoparticles integrate biometric recognition and signal amplification functions in one body, which can be converted to each other without consuming the material itself.
Synthesis and investigation of the photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical properties of phenazine–amine based cyan blue-red fluorescent materials for organic electronics
Authors: Kanekar Deepali N. , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M.
Published: January 2020

We report a study of the effect of modulating the donor system fused with a central phenazine core to understand the tuning of the optoelectrochemical properties in the designed phenazine–amine derivatives.
Exploring high-performance integration in a plastic crystal/film with switching and semiconducting behavior
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Xu , Zhang Tie , Shi Ping-Ping , Zhang Wan-Ying , Ye Qiong , Fu Da-Wei
Published: January 2020

As a room-temperature plastic crystal, (N,N-dimethylpiperidinium)3Bi2Cl9 can integrate semiconducting behavior and switchable properties into one single flexible material, making it a potential candidate in flexible multifunctional devices.
Stimuli-responsive behaviors of organic charge transfer cocrystals: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Sun Lingjie , Yang Fangxu , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping
Published: January 2020

Organic cocrystals, as an intelligent design strategy of functional materials, have received extensive attention in the scientific community over recent years. This review focuses on recent advances and perspectives of organic charge transfer cocrystals in the area of stimuli-response.
Reductive coupling of imines with redox-active esters by visible light photoredox organocatalysis
Authors: Jia Jiaqi , Lefebvre Quentin , Rueping Magnus
Published: January 2020

The direct alkylation of imines with redox-active esters by visible light photoorganocatalysis provides a direct way for accessing α-branched secondary amines which are found in numerous bioactive molecules.
Characterization of the defect structure of oxide nanoparticles with the use of deuterium probes
Authors: Vykhodets Vladimir B. , Kurennykh Tatiana E.
Published: January 2020

The method of using deuterium probes was proposed for studying the defect structure of oxide nanoparticles.
Interfacial effect of dual ultra-thin SiO2 core–triple shell Au@SiO2@Ag@SiO2 for ultra-sensitive trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection
Authors: Lu Bingxin , Qi Qi , Wang Yang , Chang Huaiqiu , Zhai Jin , You Tingting
Published: January 2020

The ultra-sensitive detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) demonstrates that interfacial effect of double-layer dielectric silica achieves the LSPR enhancement effect in Au@SiO2@Ag@SiO2.
Study of223Ra uptake mechanism on hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a function of pH
Authors: Suchánková Petra , Kukleva Ekaterina , Štamberg Karel , Nykl Pavel , Vlk Martin , Kozempel Ján
Published: January 2020

The mechanism of223Ra uptake on hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was studied as a function of pH.
Dimerization of pentacyclopentacorannulene C30H10 as a strategy to produce C60H20 as a precursor for C60
Authors: Richaud Arlette , López María J. , Mojica Martha , Alonso Julio A. , Méndez Francisco
Published: January 2020

The chemical synthesis of C60 fullerene in the laboratory is still a challenge.
Catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate with manganese cobaltite nanoparticles for the degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Dung Nguyen Trung , Thu Tran Viet , Van Nguyen To , Thuy Bui Minh , Hatsukano Masahito , Higashimine Koichi , Maenosono Shinya , Zhong Ziyi
Published: January 2020

Catalytic degradation of organic dyes via manganese cobaltite nanoparticles-activated peroxymonosulfate.
Theoretical study on enzyme synthesis of cephalexin in a parallel-flow microreactor combined with electrically driven ATPS microextraction
Authors: Mařík Karel , Tichá Linda , Vobecká Lucie , Přibyl Michal
Published: January 2020

A mathematical model of a microfluidic device with two aqueous phases for the simultaneous cephalexin production and its separation from a reaction mixture was developed. The model anticipates the continuous cephalexin synthesis and enzyme recyclation.
The synergetic effect of N, S-codoped carbon and CoOx nanodots derived from ZIF-67 as a highly efficient cocatalyst over CdS nanorods
Authors: Wang Junmei , Xu Qinchao , Liu Manli , Wang Kefeng , Wang Zhijian , Qu Peng
Published: January 2020

Earth-abundant transition metal cocatalysts are promising rare and noble metal alternatives for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Elastocapillary adhesion of a soft cap on a rigid sphere
Authors: Bense H. , Tani M. , Saint-Jean M. , Reyssat E. , Roman B. , Bico J.
Published: January 2020

The capillary adhesion of soft shells on spheres of different curvature gives rise to a family of complex adhesion patterns.
Hierarchical N-doped hollow carbon microspheres as advanced materials for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Jiang Jiangmin , Yuan Jiaren , Nie Ping , Zhu Qi , Chen Chenglong , He Wenjie , Zhang Tengfei , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: January 2020

A high-performance lithium-ion capacitor has been constructed using polyimide-derived hierarchical N-doped hollow carbon microspheres without any additional catalyst and template.
Titanium silicalite-1 zeolite encapsulating Au particles as a catalyst for vapor phase propylene epoxidation with H2/O2: a matter of Au–Ti synergic interaction
Authors: Wang Lu , Dai Jiajun , Xu Yan , Hong Yingling , Huang Jiale , Sun Daohua , Li Qingbiao
Published: January 2020

Seed-directed solvent-free crystallization combined with bio-extract integration is used to encapsulate Au into TS-1, enhancing Au–Ti synergic interaction. The resulted Au–Ti@MFI exhibits excellent performances for vapor phase propylene epoxidation.
Effects of electrical-hydrothermal aging degradation on dielectric and trap properties of high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber materials
Authors: Xu Huasong , Xie Congzhen , Wang Rui , Gou Bin , Luo Shoukang , Zhou Jiangang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a new aging platform combined the high voltage electric field and the hydrothermal environment was built.
Testosterone improves muscle function of the extensor digitorum longus in rats with sepsis
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Wu Tong
Published: January 2020

Among patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW), skeletal muscle strength often decreases significantly. The present study aimed to explore the effects of testosterone propotionate on skeletal muscle using rat model of sepsis. Male SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group, model control group, sham operation group and blank control group. Rats in experimental group were given testosterone propionate two times a week, 10 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Maximal contraction force, fatigue index and cross-sectional area of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were measured. Myosin, IGF-1, p-AKT and p-mTOR levels in EDL were detected by Western blot. Histological changes of the testis and prostate were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. We found that maximal contraction force and fatigue index of EDL in experimental group were significantly higher than in model control group. Cross-sectional area of fast MHC muscle fiber of EDL in group was significantly higher than in model control group. The levels of myosin, IGF-1, p-AKT and p-mTOR of EDL in experimental group were significantly higher than in model control group. In addition, no testicle atrophy and prostate hyperplasia were detected in experimental group. In conclusion, these results suggest that testosterone propionate can significantly improve skeletal muscle strength, endurance and volume of septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of IGF-1/AKT pathway. Moreover, testosterone propionate with short duration does not cause testicular atrophy and prostate hyperplasia in septic rats. Therefore, testosterone propionate is a potential treatment for muscle malfunction in ICUAW patients.
The pro- and anti-cancer effects of oxycodone are associated with epithelial growth factor receptor level in cancer cells
Authors: Yu Yuqin , Li Dapeng , Duan Ji’an , Xu Hongshuang , Li Li , Tan Dengwu , Yan Hong
Published: January 2020

Background: Oxycodone is an opioid medication used for the treatment of pain in cancer patients. However, little is known on the direct effects of oxycodone on cancer cells. Aim: To determine the effects and mechanisms of oxycodone in cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Proliferation, survival and migration assays were performed on multiple types of cancer cells. Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ERK/Akt pathway and oxidative stress were investigated after oxycodone treatment. Results: Oxycodone can either stimulate growth and migration without affecting survival in MDA-468 cells or inhibit growth and survival without affecting migration in SKBR3 and Caco2 cells. In addition, oxycodone can either attenuate or stimulate efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer, depending on the type of cancer cells and nature of action of oxycodone as single drug alone. Our mechanism studies suggest that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of oxycodone are associated with EGFR expression levels in cancer cells. In cancer cells with high EGFR level, oxycodone activates EGFR signaling in cancer cells, leading to stimulatory effects in multiple biological activities, and this is dependent on opioid receptor. In cancer cells with low EGFR level, oxycodone induces mitochondria-mediated caspase activity and oxidative stress and damage, leading to cell death. Conclusions: Our work is the first to demonstrate systematic analysis of oxycodone’s effects and mechanism of action in cancer. The activation of EGFR signaling by oxycodone may provide a new guide in the clinical use of oxycodone, in particular for cancer patients with high EGFR levels.
First detection of the 448 GHz ortho-H2O line at high redshift: probing the structure of a starburst nucleus at z = 3.63
Authors: Yang C. , González-Alfonso E. , Omont A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Fischer J. , Beelen A. , Gavazzi R.
Published: January 2020

Submillimeter rotational lines of H2O are a powerful probe in warm gas regions of the interstellar medium (ISM), tracing scales and structures ranging from kiloparsec disks to the most compact and dust-obscured regions of galactic nuclei. The ortho-H2O(423 − 330 line at 448 GHz, which has recently been detected in a local luminous infrared galaxy, offers a unique constraint on the excitation conditions and ISM properties in deeply buried galaxy nuclei because the line requires high far-infrared optical depths to be excited. In this letter, we report the first high-redshift detection of the 448 GHz H2O(423–330) line using ALMA in a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at z = 3.63. After correcting for magnification, the luminosity of the 448 GHz H2O line is ∼106 L⊙. In combination with three other previously detected H2O lines, we build a model that resolves the dusty ISM structure of the SMG, and find that it is composed of a ∼1 kpc optically thin (optical depth at 100 μm τ100 ∼ 0.3) disk component with a dust temperature Tdust ≈ 50 K that emits a total infrared power of 5 × 1012 L⊙ with a surface density ΣIR = 4 × 1011 L⊙ kpc−2, and a very compact (0.1 kpc) heavily dust-obscured (τ100 ≳ 1) nuclear core with very warm dust (100 K) and ΣIR = 8 × 1012 L⊙ kpc−2. The H2O abundance in the core component, XH2O ∼ (0.3–5) × 10−5, is at least one order of magnitude higher than in the disk component. The optically thick core has the characteristic properties of an Eddington-limited starburst, providing evidence that radiation pressure on dust is capable of supporting the ISM in buried nuclei at high redshifts. The multicomponent ISM structure revealed by our models illustrates that dust and molecules such as H2O are present in regions that are characterized by highly differing conditions and scales, extending from the nucleus to more extended regions of SMGs.
Symptomkontrolle in der Palliativmedizin (ohne Schmerztherapie)
Authors: Wulf Hinnerk , Volberg Christian , Morin Astrid
Published: January 2020

Patienten in palliativer Erkrankungsphase leiden häufig unter einer Vielzahl belastender Symptome mit deutlicher Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Die Behandlung gestaltet sich hierbei oftmals schwierig. Zum einen, da die Patienten zumeist mehrere Probleme gleichzeitig mitbringen, und zum anderen, weil die notwendigen Medikamente an anderer Stelle Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen können, die ihrerseits wiederum behandelt werden müssen. Im vorliegenden Artikel erläutern wir einen Großteil dieser Symptome und geben Behandlungsempfehlungen anhand der aktuellen Literatur (ausgenommen Schmerztherapie). Im Speziellen ist der Artikel in folgende Unterpunkte gegliedert: Mukositis/Stomatitis, Atemnot, Übelkeit, Obstipation, Angst, Depression, Schwäche/Fatigue, Delir, Schlafstörungen und terminale Unruhe, Pruritus, Pleuraerguss, Aszites. Nur selten kann man in der Arbeit mit Palliativpatienten nach Lehrbuch vorgehen. Man muss improvisieren, Medikamente abseits ihrer Zulassung (Off-Label) gebrauchen oder manchmal auch einfach nur da sein. Der wichtigste Grundsatz in der Arbeit mit Palliativpatienten liegt in der Erhaltung oder Wiederherstellung der Lebensqualität. Unsere Therapie sollte immer an die Bedürfnisse des Patienten angepasst sein und es gilt, die Autonomie des Betroffenen zu wahren.
Sturzprävention – Dual-Tasking als Therapiemaßnahme bei Handpatienten
Authors: Rogan Slavko
Published: January 2020

Ein Drittel der Personen über 65 Jahre stürzt einmal pro Jahr 13 und zwei Drittel der Gestürzten fallen innerhalb eines Jahres nochmals hin 10. Ältere Menschen erleiden dabei häufig eine distale Radiusfraktur. In der handtherapeutischen Behandlung dieser Patienten ist deshalb die Sturzprävention ein wichtiges Thema. Das Dual-Tasking bietet eine einfache und effektive Möglichkeit dafür.
Wie kann Ernährung die Frakturheilung fördern?
Authors: Seyhan Harun
Published: January 2020

In der Vergangenheit wurde in vielerlei Facetten über die wichtige Rolle der Ernährung in Bezug auf die Knochenheilung publiziert. Sogar Verhaltensregeln wurden aufgestellt. Doch wie ist der aktuelle Stand?
Blind-eye cannulation as a new method for ERCP training: Can we do more than merely teach?
Authors: Boškoski Ivo , Webster George , Tringali Andrea , Familiari Pietro , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires extensive hands-on training. Currently in ERCP training there are two very important problems that need attention: lack of standardized commands for communication, and misunderstanding between the trainee and the trainer.

Methods A method of “blind-eye” cannulation was developed with two paired trainees using the Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP Trainer. The trainee who was holding the duodenoscope was blind-folded and the other trainee gave instructions on what maneuvers were necessary to achieve cannulation, under the supervision of a trainer. Before starting cannulation, a standard list of commands was agreed by the operators.

Results The blind-eye method of cannulation teaches the operator trainee to listen and the assistant trainee to teach. Trainees use standardized commands. During the training session the two trainees swapped roles.

Conclusions Currently, we do not have proof that this type of training is useful, therefore, scientific studies are needed for confirmation. However, we believe that this ERCP model may provide an entirely safe means of improving communication and technical proficiency.
EDGE in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: How does it compare to laparoscopy-assisted and balloon enteroscopy ERCP: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dhindsa Banreet Singh , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Mohan Babu P. , Mashiana Harmeet Singh , Girotra Mohit , Singh Shailender , Ohning Gordon , Bhat Ishfaq , Adler Douglas G.
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) is a new endoscopic procedure to perform ERCP in Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate technical success, clinical success and adverse effects of EDGE and compare it to laparoscopic ERCP (LA-ERCP) and balloon ERCP (BE-ERCP).

Patients and methods We conducted a comprehensive search of several databases and conference proceedings including PubMed, EMBASE, Google-Scholar, LILACS, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases to identify studies reporting on EDGE, LA-ERCP, and BE-ERCP. The primary outcome was to evaluate technical and clinical success of all three procedures and the secondary analysis focused on calculating the pooled rate of all adverse events (AEs), along with the commonly reported AE subtypes.

Results Twenty-four studies on 1268 patients were included in our analysis with the majority of the population being males with mean age 53.72 years. Pooled rates of technical and clinical success with EDGE wer 95.5 % and 95.9 %, with LA-ERCP were 95.3 % and 92.9 % and were BE-ERCP were 71.4 % and 58.7 %, respectively. Pooled rates of all AEs with EDGE were 21.9 %, with LA-ERCP 17.4 % and with BE-ERCP 8.4 %. Stent migration was the most common AE with EDGE with 13.3 % followed by bleeding with 6.6 %.

Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the technical and clinical success of EDGE procedure is better than BE-ERCP and comparable to that of LA-ERCP in RYGB patients. EDGE also has a similar safety profile as compared to LA-ERCP but has higher AE rate as compared to BE-ERCP.
EUS-guided fiducial placement for pancreatobiliary malignancies: safety, infection risk, and use of peri-procedural antibiotics
Authors: Chandnani Madhuri , Faisal Mir Fahad , Glissen-Brown Jeremy , Sawhney Mandeep , Pleskow Douglas , Cohen Jonah , Berzin Tyler M.
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims Chemoradiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasingly being used for optimal treatment of locally advanced pancreatobiliary cancers. Fiducial markers are used to track these tumors during SBRT. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the preferred route for fiducial marker placement for ease of access to pancreatobiliary structures and accurate placement. Here we evaluate the safety and infection risk associated with EUS-guided fiducial placement for pancreatobiliary malignancies and use of peri-procedural prophylactic antibiotics.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective, single-center study including consecutive patients presenting for EUS-guided fiducial placement in pancreatobiliary region by three expert interventional endoscopists for SBRT from July 2010 to February 2018 at a tertiary care center. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, EUS technique, fiducials, use of prophylactic antibiotics, adverse events (AEs) and SBRT/Cyberknife administration were reported.

Results A total of 355 patients with pancreatobiliary malignancy underwent EUS-guided fiducial placement, of whom 308 patients (86.76 %) successfully underwent SBRT. Of the patients, 304 (85.63 %) received peri-procedural prophylactic antibiotic. Of 355 total patients, 5.9 % (n = 21) were noted to develop AEs (mild to severe) with no significant difference in incidence of infection with or without use of peri-procedural prophylactic antibiotic. Only three patients developed infectious AEs, none of which were definitively related to fiducial placement.

Conclusion EUS-guided fiducial placement for pancreatobiliary malignancy is safe and efficacious, and risk of infection is rare, regardless of whether or not peri-procedural antibiotics are used. We favor limiting routine use of peri-procedural antibiotics for patients undergoing EUS-guided fiducial placement in pancreaticobiliary malignancy.
Orbitale Amyloidose – Vergleich zweier unterschiedlicher klinischer Verläufe
Authors: Kesper Christiane , Viestenz Arne , Siebolts Udo , Wickenhauser Claudia , Sieker Frank , Huth Andrea , Heichel Jens
Published: January 2020

Hintergrund Die primär lokalisierte orbitale Amyloidose (PLOA) ist ein sehr seltenes Krankheitsbild und muss gegenüber einer systemischen Amyloidose abgegrenzt werden. Im Gegensatz zu der isolierten Manifestation kann ein systemischer Befall mit potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Folgen einhergehen. Aber auch der isolierte Befall der Orbita kann zu schwerwiegenden ophthalmologischen Komplikationen führen.

Material und Methoden Es werden 2 Fälle einer PLOA beschrieben und die notwendige ophthalmologische, internistische und histopathologische Diagnostik erläutert.

Ergebnisse Der 1. Fall handelt von einer 71-jährigen Patientin mit einer PLOA, die sich als eine gelbliche, leicht höckerige, subkonjunktivale Prominenz im nasal unteren Quadranten ohne weitere ophthalmologische Auffälligkeiten präsentierte. Die Patientin war beschwerdefrei. Eine systemische Manifestation wurde ausgeschlossen. Im Follow-up über 4 Jahre kam es zu einer langsamen Progression, okuläre Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Der 2. Fall beschreibt einen 72-jährigen Patienten mit einer PLOA der temporal oberen Bulbuszirkumferenz mit sonst ähnlichem klinischem Bild wie bei Fall 1, bei dem es im Krankheitsverlauf jedoch zu multiplen ophthalmologischen Komplikationen (Ptosis, Protrusio bulbi, Diplopie, Sekundärglaukom, perforiertes Hornhautulkus bei neurotropher Keratopathie) kam. Mehrfach wurde eine perforierende Keratoplastik durchgeführt. Durch eine Radiatio konnte eine Befundstagnation erreicht werden, das Follow-up liegt bei 4 Jahren.

Schlussfolgerung Die PLOA kann zu visus- und bulbusbedrohenden Komplikationen führen. Eine exakte Diagnosestellung ist für das weitere diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen ausgesprochen wichtig, um potenziellen lokalen und systemischen Komplikationen entgegenzuwirken. Interindividuell verschiedene Verläufe sind dabei zu berücksichtigen.
A study on variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae
Authors: Murugan Magi , Verma Suman
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra is a bony enclosure for the vertebral artery. These foramina are known to exhibit variations in size, shape and may be multiple in number or absent. The aim of this study is to record these variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 150 cervical vertebrae available in the department of anatomy at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. Results: Among 150 cervical vertebrae, 19 vertebrae were found to possess double foramina transversaria. Among these 15 were typical and four were atypical vertebrae. Among 15 typical cervical vertebra 12 (80%) had double foramina on right side, one (6.6%) on left side and two (13.3%) bilaterally. Among four atypical vertebra three (75%) possessed double foramina on right side and one (25%) bilaterally. In one typical vertebra there was an enmeshed foramen. Conclusions: The knowledge of these variations is important for radiologists in interpreting computed tomographs and magnetic resonance images.
Morphological and morphometrical study of placenta in normal and hypertensive pregnancies.
Authors: Gowda Pushpa , KS Jayanthi
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: Placenta is the main channel in utero, through which the fetus receives its nutrition from the mother. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are fairly common and affect the growth and development of the placenta and fetus in many ways. Knowledge of these changes in placenta due to hypertension in pregnancy is essential as many of these changes can be diagnosed prenatally by available techniques to improve the fetal outcome and reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to note the morphometrical and morphological parameters in the placenta of normal and hypertensive pregnancies and to correlate them with fetal outcome. The study was done on 30 placentae as control group, obtained after delivery of normotensive women and 30 placentae as study group, which were obtained after delivery of hypertensive mothers which included chronic hypertension, pre eclampsia and eclampsia. The placental specimens were collected from the department of obstetrics and gynecology, KIMS, Bangalore and new bom parameters were taken from their records. Results: The placental morphometrical parameters were significantly less in hypertensive group as compared to the control group. The mean placental weight was 458.33±70.47 gms; mean placental surface area was 215.82±27.83 sqcms, the mean placental volume was 583.67+66.21 cc and mean decidual thickness was 2.50 ±0.24 cms in hypertensive group while in the control group the values were 561.67±77.33 gms, 241.91±37.23 sqcms, 674.00±88.50 cc and 2.83±0.34 cms respectively. The mean birth weight (kg) of newborn was 2.92 ± 0.45 in control group and it was and 2.47 ±0.40 in hypertensive group. Conclusion: Thus hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affects the placenta in a major way by decreasing its weight, surface area, thickness and volume and by increasing pathological changes like placental infarcts and calcified areas which adversely affect fetal parameters like weight and APGAR score.
Self-Management Behaviors of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Comparing Two Sources of Patient-Generated Data
Authors: Karway George , Grando Maria Adela , Grimm Kevin , Groat Danielle , Cook Curtiss , Thompson Bithika
Published: January 2020

Objectives This article aims to evaluate adult type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) self-management behaviors (SMBs) related to exercise and alcohol on a survey versus a smartphone app to compare self-reported and self-tracked SMBs, and examine inter- and intrapatient variability.

Methods Adults with T1DM on insulin pump therapy were surveyed about their alcohol, meal, and exercise SMBs. For 4 weeks, participants self-tracked their alcohol, meal, and exercise events, and their SMBs corresponding with these events via an investigator-developed app. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the data

Results Thirty-five participants self-tracked over 5,000 interactions using the app. Variability in how participants perceived the effects of exercise and alcohol on their blood glucose was observed. The congruity between SMBs self-reported on the survey and those self-tracked with the app was measured as mean (SD). The lowest congruity was for alcohol and exercise with 61.9% (22.7) and 66.4% (20.2), respectively. Congruity was higher for meals with 80.9% (21.0). There was significant daily intra- and interpatient variability in SMBs related to preprandial bolusing: recommended bolus, p < 0.05; own bolus choice, p < 0.01; and recommended basal adjustment, p < 0.01.

Conclusion This study highlights the variability in intra- and interpatient SMBs obtained through the use of a survey and app. The outcomes of this study indicate that clinicians could use both one-time and every-day assessment tools to assess SMBs related to meals. For alcohol and exercise, further research is needed to understand the best assessment method for SMBs. Given this degree of patient variability, there is a need for an educational intervention that goes beyond the traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach of diabetes management to target individualized treatment barriers.
Average dimensions of the vessels at the base of the brain and the embryological basis of its variations
Authors: S. Iqbal
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: The cerebral circulation is constantly maintained by the anastomotic circle of Willis which is often anomalous in more than 50% of the normal adult brains. These anomalies increase the risk of the stroke and transient ischemic attack in older patients. Adequate blood flow through the circle of Willis is often necessary to prevent these ischemic infarctions. The anomalies of cerebral vessels are directly related to the differential growth of various parts of the brain. A detailed knowledge of the individual measurements of the cerebral arteries is useful to neurosurgeon in planning the shunt operations and in the choice of their patients. The present study is aimed to analyze the average dimensions of the vessels at the base of brain and an attempt to explain the common form of variations in terms of embryological development. Materials and methods: Fifty adult cadaveric brains were obtained from routine cadaveric dissections. The base of the brain with the circle of Willis was fixed in 10% formalin and preserved. The circle was analyzed for variations in the size, length and number of the component vessels and any asymmetry in the configuration. The dimensions of the vessels forming the circle were measured using graduated calipers. The observations were recorded and tabulated. Results: Asymmetry was observed in 10% to 36% of the circles in this study. Anomalies were more common in the posterior than in the anterior part of the circle. The posterior anomalies included hypoplastic vessels, absent vessels and embryonic derivation while anterior anomalies were predominantly of accessory vessels. Middle cerebral artery exhibited the least variations. In majority of the circles, left sided vessels were larger in diameter than the right. Conclusions: Variations are more common in the posterior than in the anterior part of the circle and on the right than on the left side of the brain. There was no correlation between the variations of circle of Willis of the right side and the left cerebral dominance. There seems to be no difference between races, concerning the anatomic variations of the brain circulation.
A study on superficial veins of upper limb
Authors: TK Vasudha
Published: January 2020

Background: It is quite common to find many variations in the distribution of superficial veins in the body. Veins of the upper limbs are variable in number and position. The superficial veins are clinically important and are used for venaepuncture, transfusion and cardiac catheterization. Aim: The present study was mainly concentrated on cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins. The purpose of this study is to review the origin, course, termination and variations of these veins, as these veins play an important role in diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical procedures. Material and methods: The material used for the present study included twentyfive cadavers, from the department of Anatomy, Narayana Medical College (NMC), Nellore, and one hundred first MBBS students of NMC, Nellore. The data obtained from present study was compared with similar studies available in literature. Result: The various patterns of venous anastomoses observed in cubital fossa could be grouped into five types ie., Type I to Type V. Type I -was found in 88% of the cadavers and in 96% of living subjects. Type II -was found in 4% of the cadavers, Type III- in 2% of cadavers, and 4% of living subjects, Type IV- was found in 4% of cadavers, ans Type V- in 2% of living subjects. Conclusion: Knowledge of the patterns of superficial veins in cubital fossa is essential for clinicians, since they play an important role in diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedures.
A study of nutrient foramina in dry adult radii of South Indian subjects
Authors: Rangasubhe Pramod , Sivan Sheela
Published: January 2020

Background : Vascular insults to the radius either during fracture dislocation or during surgical correction of fracture may result in delayed healing or non-union of fracture. It is useful to find the number, location and size of nutrient foramina. The knowledge regarding nutrient foramina helps to protect them during conservative operative procedures of the bone, thus to concentrate upon the viability of the fractured segments. Objectives : To observe the location of nutrient foramina with reference to the different segments of shaft of radius, to note variations in number, direction and size of nutrient foramina. Further to examine if a correlation exists between the length of radius and number of nutrient foramina. Materials and methods : The study was undertaken on 100 dry normal adult radii. Observations were made using Hepburn's osteometric board and hypodermic needles of different gauges. Statistical methods (SPSS) were used to analyze these observations. Results : The common site of location of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in radius was in upper third of shaft on anterior surface. Majority of nutrient foramina were of medium size and directed upward obliquely. Conclusions : The study will help in planning the surgical treatment of radius which will possibly reduce the post-operative complications.
Biomechanical Substantiation of the Strength and Stiffness of a Hip Joint Capsule Defect Fixation with Polypropylene Mesh
Authors: Maslennikov Serhii Olegovich , Panchenko Serhii Pavlovich , Golovakha Maxim Leonidovich
Published: January 2020

Formulation of the problem Dislocation of the femoral component of the endoprosthesis is one of the most frequent complications of total hip replacement. The best option for the “treatment” of dislocation of the hip endoprosthesis is to prevent the development of primary instability. There are cases in which even with the correct installation of the endoprosthesis components, dislocations arise due to the weakness or defect of the capsular–ligament apparatus. Currently, many methods have been developed to strengthen and restore the posterior structures of the capsule of the hip joint with the help of auto- and allomaterials, which differ in both the fixation technique and the characteristics of the materials themselves. In this paper, we propose a method for restoring and strengthening the posterior structures of the capsule of the hip joint using polypropylene-based graft implants. The purpose of this study is to, with the help of specialized software, build a model of the capsule of the hip joint after capsulotomy and to determine the stiffness capabilities of the defect covered with polypropylene mesh.

Results The study was performed using a software package based on the finite-element method. As a result of the performed calculations, pictures of the distribution of the stress–strain state in the “head-capsule” system were obtained. To assess the effectiveness of the method of closing the capsule, from the viewpoint of rigidity, as the main characteristics, the values of the opening of the cut are selected.

Conclusions Under the kinematic loading of the model, the smallest values of the opening of the section are obtained when it is closed by a grid. In the case of thread fixation, the values were higher by 8.5%. However, the values of equivalent stresses, both in the capsule and in the head, in the model with the grid turned out to be the largest. These stresses were higher by 23.8% in the capsule and by 60.4% in the head than the same values for the thread fixation model. The obtained results indicate that the model with a grid is more rigid in the considered fixation variants.
Three-dimensional wake transition in the flow over four square cylinders at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Wang Rui , Chen Yaoran , Bao Yan , Han Zhaolong , Zhou Dai , Ping Huan , Fu Shixiao , Zhao Yongsheng
Published: January 2020

The three-dimensional characteristics of the flow past four square cylinders in an in-line square configuration, with five spacing ratios ranging from 1.4 to 5, were studied in depth in this study. Direct numerical simulation of the spectral/hp element method was employed at Re = 150 and 200. The onset and evolution of various unstable modes were expounded in detail by means of three-dimensional vortices, energy curves, wake patterns, and force coefficients. At each spacing, the three-dimensional instability and the corresponding flow pattern were comprehensively analyzed to illustrate transitional features. Except for the existence of unstable mode A and mode B when spacing was considerably small and large, for most of the intermediate spacing ratios, the vortex structures were dominated by mode C instability, whose flow patterns all appeared as anti-phase synchronization. Through the evolution of flow patterns over time, the three-dimensional effects were already observed at a low Reynolds number of 150 because of the influence of the gap flow and the mutual interference of the wake. Under the transitional spacing for Re = 200, multiple modes were interfering fiercely with each other and appeared as chaotic states. Compared with other bluff body forms, the four square cylinders generated numerous discrepancies and new modal transitions in three-dimensional cases.
Approaching the nearly perfect and wavelength-adjustable absorption of MoS2 monolayer using defective quasi photonic crystals
Authors: Ansari Narges , Mohammadi Saeedeh , Mohebbi Ensiyeh
Published: January 2020

In recent years, two-dimensional materials such as MoS2 monolayers have attracted a lot of attention due to their high absorption. This study proposes the use of MoS2 monolayers as part of the defect in Fibonacci and Thue-Morse defective quasiphotonic crystals (DQPCs) to create an adjustable defect mode with relatively high absorption. The wavelength adjustability of the defect mode is investigated by parameters such as generation number, periodicity, and type of sequence used in DQPCs. The results revealed that using DQPCs can help enhance absorption and enables the adjustment of the defect mode as its generation number changes. Moreover, a Fibonacci DQPC generally requires much fewer layers in comparison to a Thue-Morse DQPC. To conclude, it is possible to achieve a wavelength-adjustable absorption of more than 90% with a Fibonacci DQPC.
Chemosensory avoidance behaviors of marine amphipods Allorchestes compressa revealed using a millifluidic perfusion technology
Authors: Bai Yutao , Henry Jason , Wlodkowic Donald
Published: January 2020

Chemosensory avoidance behaviors of aquatic invertebrates provide a functional link between early responses to pollutants at the infraorganismal and ecologically relevant supraorganismal levels. Despite significant importance, there is, however, a notable lack of user-friendly laboratory techniques. Here, we demonstrate a scalable millifluidic platform for higher throughput quantitative chemobehavioral studies. With a proof-of-concept application of this technology, we discovered that native Australian marine amphipods Allorchestes compressa exhibit rapid avoidance behaviors against a panel of environmental stressors. This work provides a novel avenue for the development of quantitative neurobehavioral systems applicable in diverse environmental risk assessment studies.
Understanding chemical and physical mechanisms in atomic layer deposition
Authors: Richey Nathaniel E. , de Paula Camila , Bent Stacey F.
Published: January 2020

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful tool for achieving atomic level control in the deposition of thin films. However, several physical and chemical phenomena can occur which cause deviation from “ideal” film growth during ALD. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that cause these deviations is important to achieving even better control over the growth of the deposited material. Herein, we review several precursor chemisorption mechanisms and the effect of chemisorption on ALD growth. We then follow with a discussion on diffusion and its impact on film growth during ALD. Together, these two fundamental processes of chemisorption and diffusion underlie the majority of mechanisms which contribute to material growth during a given ALD process, and the recognition of their role allows for more rational design of ALD parameters.
Modeling of discrete fracmemristor and its application
Authors: He S. , Sun K. , Peng Y. , Wang L.
Published: January 2020

Researches on the fracmemristor have aroused increasing interest in the last several years, but there are no reports on design of the discrete fracmemristor. Based on the fractional-order difference and the mathematical model of the charge-controlled memristor, the discrete fracmemristor is designed where the amount of charge is determined by a fractional-order discrete system. In the numerical simulations, it shows that the pinched hysteresis loops are observed, which imply that the proposed memristor satisfies the definition of the memristor. As an application, the fracmemristor sine map is designed, and multistability is observed regarding the initial conditions of both the memristor and system. It provides a potential model for different applications such as cellular neural networks, modulators, sensors, chaotic systems, and programmable digital circuits.
Chemical bond effects in classical site density functional theory of inhomogeneous molecular liquids
Authors: Chuev Gennady N. , Fedotova Marina V. , Valiev Marat
Published: January 2020

Intra-molecular interactions or chemical bonds represent one of the main distinguishing characteristics of molecular fluids. Development of accurate and practical methods to treat these effects is one of the long standing problems in classical site density functional theory (SDFT). One particular instance when these issues become particularly severe is the case of classical interaction potentials with auxiliary sites or dummy atoms. In this situation, current SDFT implementations, such as the three-dimensional reference interaction site model, lead to nonphysical results. We re-examine this issue in this work using our recent reformulation of SDFT (Valiev and Chuev, J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. 2018, 093201). We put forward a simple practical solution to this problem and illustrate its utility for the case of spherical solutes in diatomic liquids.
Optical coherence tomography is used to image microneedle injections into tissue
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: January 2020

In an effort to optimize drug injections using hollow microneedles, two researchers used optical coherence tomography to image fluid injections into tissue in real time.
Rumen digesta and products of fermentation in cows fed varying proportions of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) with fresh pasture or silage or straw
Authors: Pacheco D. , Muetzel S. , Lewis S. , Dalley D. , Bryant M. , Waghorn G. C.
Published: January 2020

Context Fodder beet (FB) is a popular feed for dairy cows in temperate climates due to its high yields, high digestibility, low nitrogen (N) content in the dry matter (DM) and convenience of feeding (grazing in situ). However, the risk of ruminal acidosis requires research to design feeding regimes that capture these benefits without compromising animal health. Aims To understand aspects of rumen function when FB is offered in conditions representative of practical feeding in temperate pastoral systems. Methods Two indoor experiments were undertaken; one with cows in late lactation fed fresh perennial ryegrass with three proportions of FB (0, 0.23 and 0.45) and another with non-lactating cows fed pasture silage with 0.65 FB or barley straw with 0.86 FB. Measurements included rumen pH, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonia concentrations determined at 2-h intervals, as well as daily individual cow intakes, estimates of microbial growth and rumen dynamics. Key results The inclusion of 0, 0.23 and 0.45 FB with fresh pasture in the did not affect daily DM intakes (~14.6 kg), milk yield (~10.7 kg), microbial synthesis (129 g of N/d) or fractional outflow rates of digesta (0.16/h; 11.2 L/h) of lactating cows. The non-lactating cow ration comprising 0.86 FB with straw was inappropriate and resulted in low intakes and insufficient dietary N. Microbial growth was approximately one-third of that in cows fed pasture silage with 0.65 FB. The ruminal pH reached lower values in all treatments where FB was offered. Rumen ammonia concentrations averaged 4.4 mmol/L in cows fed pasture but was sometimes undetectable in lactating cows fed 0.45 FB and in non-lactating cows. The amount of FB in the diet affected the extent of the circadian changes in molar proportions of SCFA. Conclusions Based on the results presented here, feeding fresh FB to dairy cows should not exceed ~0.4 of their DMI with pasture (late lactation), or ~0.6 of their intake with silage (non-lactating). Implications These findings could support evidence-based recommendations for FB use, considering its effects on aspects of rumen function, such as microbial protein synthesis and pH.
Seminal plasma has limited counteracting effects following induction of oxidative stress in donkey spermatozoa
Authors: Papas Marion , Catalan Jaime , Bonilla-Correal Sebastián , Gacem Sabrina , Miró Jordi , Yeste Marc
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of donkey spermatozoa to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, and to determine whether the presence of seminal plasma modulates the sperm response to that stress. Nine ejaculates were collected, extended in skim milk extender and split into two aliquots. Seminal plasma was removed from the first but not second aliquot. Samples were subsequently split into four aliquots supplemented with different concentrations of commercial hydrogen peroxide (0, 100 and 250µM and 50mM). Aliquots were incubated at 37°C under aerobic conditions and several sperm parameters, namely motility, viability, intracellular levels of peroxides and superoxides and mitochondrial membrane potential, were evaluated at 0, 1 and 3h. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide markedly decreased sperm motility but had much less of an effect on sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. A protective effect of seminal plasma against the loss of sperm motility was not apparent, but some kinetic parameters and relative levels of superoxides were better maintained when seminal plasma was present together with high concentration of hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide reduces donkey sperm motility and has a less apparent effect on other sperm parameters. Finally, seminal plasma is only able to partially ameliorate the detrimental effect of this induced stress.
Transcriptional profiling identifies caspase-1 as a T cell–intrinsic regulator of Th17 differentiation
Authors: Gao Yajing , Deason Krystin , Jain Aakanksha , Irizarry-Caro Ricardo A. , Dozmorov Igor , Coughlin Laura A. , Rauch Isabella , Evers Bret M. , Koh Andrew Y. , Wakeland Edward K. , Pasare Chandrashekhar
Published: January 2020

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the differentiation of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells. However, to what extent innate cues from DCs dictate transcriptional changes in T cells remains elusive. Here, we used DCs stimulated with specific pathogens to prime CD4 T cells in vitro and found that these T cells express unique transcriptional profiles dictated by the nature of the priming pathogen. More specifically, the transcriptome of in vitro C. rodentium–primed Th17 cells resembled that of Th17 cells primed following infection in vivo but was remarkably distinct from cytokine-polarized Th17 cells. We identified caspase-1 as a unique gene up-regulated only in pathogen-primed Th17 cells and discovered a critical role for T cell–intrinsic caspase-1, independent of inflammasome, in optimal priming of Th17 responses. T cells lacking caspase-1 failed to induce colitis or confer protection against C. rodentium infection due to suboptimal Th17 cell differentiation in vivo. This study underlines the importance of DC-mediated priming in identifying novel regulators of T cell differentiation.