bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bail-in’s Unfulfilled Promise
Authors: Hadjiemmanuil Christos
Published: January 2025

The adoption of bail-in by the EU and other jurisdictions as the core tool of their bank resolution regimes promised to ensure the effective financial restructuring of failed banks with the resources of their own stakeholders, thereby achieving the financial stability objectives of resolution while making taxpayer-funded bailouts a thing of the past. In retrospect, despite its many positive effects, it is questionable whether bail-in has fully lived up to its promise. The operationalisation of the bail-in tool is still ongoing, with several legal and practical issues yet to be fully resolved. Furthermore, the tool’s actual use in resolution actions has so far been sporadic and uneven, undermining its credibility; in any event, significant doubts remain as to the appropriateness of bail-in in situations of system-wide distress.
Parameter estimation for cellular automata
Authors: Kazarnikov Alexey , Ray Nadja , Haario Heikki , Lappalainen Joona , Rupp Andreas
Published: January 2025

Self-organizing complex systems can be modeled using cellular automaton models. However, the parametrization of these models is crucial and significantly determines the resulting structural pattern. In this research, we introduce and successfully apply a sound statistical method to estimate these parameters. The decisive difference to earlier applications of such approaches is that, in our case, both the CA rules and the resulting patterns are discrete. The method is based on constructing Gaussian likelihoods using characteristics of the structures, such as the mean particle size. We show that our approach is robust for the method parameters, domain size of patterns, or CA iterations.
Comparative evaluation of voltage conversion and encoder pulse detection methods for controlling a model high-bay warehouse
Authors: Abu Al-Hija’a Anas , Szekeres B. J. , Andó M.
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates five control methods for the Fischertechnik Training Factory Industry 4.0–24 V system, focusing on accuracy, efficiency, and performance in managing voltage differences and encoder pulse detection. The proposed method introduces a novel approach by integrating a dedicated pulse-counting Arduino with the TBD62783APG chip, enhancing precision and reliability beyond traditional methods. Despite requiring additional hardware, this method demonstrated exceptional control and dependable operation, showcasing the efficacy of specialized integrated circuits in industrial automation applications. The presented evaluation enhances control strategies for industrial automation, emphasizing efficient voltage conversion and precise encoder pulse detection to enhance system performance and reliability, laying the groundwork for future advancements in remote control capabilities and complex manufacturing systems.
Applying Original Nation Approaches to the Struggles of Original Nations in Euro-Asia: Historical Impacts of the Mongol-Tatar Invasion, Russian Empire, and Post-Soviet States on the Original Nations of Belarus and Latvia
Authors: Kazak Maria , Rancāne Elīna
Published: January 2025

This paper engages in a comprehensive analysis of the historical processes leading to the destruction of the Original Nations of Belarus and Latvia. The research is structured in three sections, with the first outlining the tribal roots common to both Latvian and Belarusian nations, serving as a foundation for subsequent analyses. The second section constitutes the core of the research, employing an Original Nation approach to dissect the impact of historic occupations in the five key waves—religious conversion, invasions of the Mongol-Tatar Yoke that led to administrative integration into states, a language push under the Russian Empire, identity erasure during Sovietization, and lastly, the restoration of independence in both countries. The last section surveys the modern states of Belarus and Latvia, emphasising their endeavours to revive their Original Nations, as both nations share the burden of recovering lost national elements, resisting cultural repression, and building a robust national identity.
A systematic review of regulatory strategies and transparency mandates in AI regulation in Europe, the United States, and Canada
Authors: Sloane Mona , Wüllhorst Elena
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we provide a systematic review of existing artificial intelligence (AI) regulations in Europe, the United States, and Canada. We build on the qualitative analysis of 129 AI regulations (enacted and not enacted) to identify patterns in regulatory strategies and in AI transparency requirements. Based on the analysis of this sample, we suggest that there are three main regulatory strategies for AI: AI-focused overhauls of existing regulation, the introduction of novel AI regulation, and the omnibus approach. We argue that although these types emerge as distinct strategies, their boundaries are porous as the AI regulation landscape is rapidly evolving. We find that across our sample, AI transparency is effectively treated as a central mechanism for meaningful mitigation of potential AI harms. We therefore focus on AI transparency mandates in our analysis and identify six AI transparency patterns: human in the loop, assessments, audits, disclosures, inventories, and red teaming. We contend that this qualitative analysis of AI regulations and AI transparency patterns provides a much needed bridge between the policy discourse on AI, which is all too often bound up in very detailed legal discussions and applied sociotechnical research on AI fairness, accountability, and transparency.
A Short Report on the Ghana Railway Archive in Sekondi-Takoradi
Authors: Ntewusu Samuel , Bellucci Stefano , Admasie Samuel Andreas , Abraham Frederick
Published: January 2025

This short report discusses the resources to be found in the Railway Archive in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. This report is also the result of various exploratory missions, as part of a cooperative effort between the Ghana Railway Company, the Institute of African Studies of the University of Ghana, and the International Institute of Social History, the Netherlands. The archive under consideration is classified as an institutional archive which provides unique insights into the social and labour history of Ghana– then Gold Coast– with some connections to West Africa and Great Britain. The archives provide additional material to the resources in the national archives in Ghana, best known as the Public Records and Archives Administration Department (PRAAD).
Love in the Time of the Korean War: Romance Comics and the Normalization of America’s International Security Commitments
Authors: Rouleau Brian
Published: January 2025

This article examines the role played by comic books in justifying the Korean War to adolescent readers in the United States. Specifically, it argues that romance comics—perhaps the most widely read youth publications of the early 1950s—helped to prepare teenaged girls for the trials and tribulations that an emerging Cold War would entail. Love-themed comic books dealt with issues like dating and marriage at a time of mass mobilization and international political emergency, and in doing so, attempted to redefine the meaning of courtship and sexual maturity during a new era of permanent national security crisis. By studying this enormously influential literary genre, we gain important insight into both the popular cultural dimension of a “forgotten war,” as well as a richer appreciation of the ways in which girls have been asked to make their own sacrifices on the altar of American military preparedness.
mRNA Technology Transfer Hub and Intellectual Property: Towards a more Equitable and Sustainable Model
Authors: Adekola Tolulope Anthony , Mercurio Bryan
Published: January 2025

The article explores how the COVID-19 pandemic revived discussions on the importance of local pharmaceutical production for promoting health security and resilient health systems. It examines the World Health Organization's hub and spoke mRNA vaccine production model (mRNA hub), a global initiative that aims to establish sustainable, local mRNA manufacturing capabilities in low- and middle-income countries in response to the inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines and the trade disruptions during the pandemic. Using the mRNA hub as case study, the paper discusses how the tectonic shift towards local production implicates supply and license agreements, and thus IPRs. The paper maps the intellectual property challenges that might impact the mRNA hub's sustainability and provides recommendations on how to enhance the initiative's chances of success and foster a more equitable pharmaceutical sector in the future.
Miocene Magnetostratigraphy and Relative Paleointensity of Deep‐Sea Sediments at IODP Site U1490 in the Western Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Kumagai Yuho , Nakamura Norihiro , Yamazaki Toshitsugu
Published: January 2025

We present palaeomagnetic results from the Miocene section of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1490. Detailed paleomagnetic investigations are crucial for providing a long‐term record of Miocene relative paleointensity (RPI) variations, as well as the palaeoclimatic and paleoceanographic history of the Cenozoic Equatorial Pacific. These investigations also aim to enhance the database of Pacific magnetostratigraphy. Magnetic measurements were conducted at a 1 cm resolution on u‐channel samples from the spliced section, with the goal of extracting a high‐resolution magnetostratigraphic and RPI records. Stepwise demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization yielded well‐defined magnetostratigraphy over a time interval of approximately 9 million years, between the bottom boundaries of the Chron C5Dr.2r (18.066 Ma) and the Chron C4An (9.105 Ma), partially assisted by astronomically tuned isotope stratigraphy. The main magnetic carriers are both single‐domain magnetofossils with equant octahedral morphology and pseudo‐single‐domain detrital magnetite. Our RPI data from the western equatorial Pacific are of the highest quality from 18 to 12 million years ago, comparable to the long‐term RPI record from IODP Site U1336 in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Early to Middle Miocene with common fluctuations of 104–105 years timescale. The comparison also indicates that the method for Quaternary RPI‐assisted chronostratigraphy can also be applied to older sediments to enhance the resolution of stratigraphic correlation.
Rayleigh Invariance Allows the Estimation of Effective CO2 Fluxes Due To Convective Dissolution Into Water‐Filled Fractures
Authors: Keim Leon , Class Holger
Published: January 2025

Convective dissolution of is a well‐known mechanism in geological storage of . It is triggered by gravitational instability which leads to the onset of free convection. The phenomenon is well studied in porous media, such as saline aquifers, and the literature provides substantial evidence that onset times and effective flux rates can be estimated based on a characterization of instabilities that uses the Darcy velocity. This work extends the study of convective dissolution to open water‐filled fractures, where non‐Darcy regimes govern the induced flow processes. Numerical simulations using a Navier‐Stokes model with fluid density dependent on dissolved concentration were used to compute scenario‐specific results for effective entry rates into an idealized fracture with varying aperture, temperature, and concentration at the gas‐water interface. The results were analyzed in terms of dimensionless quantities. They revealed a Rayleigh invariance of the effective flux after the complete formation of a quasi‐stationary velocity profile, that is, after a certain entry length. Hence, this invariance can be exploited to estimate the effective entry rates, which can then be used, in perspective, in upscaled models. We have studied convective dissolution for two different fracture settings; the first one relates to karstification scenarios, where is the dominant driving force, and were stagnant‐water conditions in fractures have not yet received attention to date. The second setting is inspired from geological storage, where the literature provides only studies on convective dissolution for porous‐media flow with Darcy regimes.
Nonlocal Huygens’ meta-lens for high-quality-factor spin-multiplexing imaging
Authors: Yao Jin , Fan Yubin , Gao Yunhui , Lin Rong , Wang Zhihui , Chen Mu Ku , Xiao Shumin , Tsai Din Ping
Published: January 2025

Combining bright-field and edge-enhanced imaging affords an effective avenue for extracting complex morphological information from objects, which is particularly beneficial for biological imaging. Multiplexing meta-lenses present promising candidates for achieving this functionality. However, current multiplexing meta-lenses lack spectral modulation, and crosstalk between different wavelengths hampers the imaging quality, especially for biological samples requiring precise wavelength specificity. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal Huygens’ meta-lens for high-quality-factor spin-multiplexing imaging. Quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) are excited to provide a high quality factor of 90 and incident-angle dependence. The generalized Kerker condition, driven by Fano-like interactions between q-BIC and in-plane Mie resonances, breaks the radiation symmetry, resulting in a transmission peak with a geometric phase for polarization-converted light, while unconverted light exhibits a transmission dip without a geometric phase. Enhanced polarization conversion efficiency of 65% is achieved, accompanied by a minimal unconverted value, surpassing the theoretical limit of traditional thin nonlocal metasurfaces. Leveraging these effects, the output polarization-converted state exhibits an efficient wavelength-selective focusing phase profile. The unconverted counterpart serves as an effective spatial frequency filter based on incident-angular dispersion, passing high-frequency edge details. Bright-field imaging and edge detection are thus presented under two output spin states. This work provides a versatile framework for nonlocal metasurfaces, boosting biomedical imaging and sensing applications.
Understanding metastasis mixed-treatment responses through genomic analyses
Authors: Garcia-Recio Susana , Zagami Paola , Felsheim Brooke M. , Wheless Amy , Thomas Kerry , Trimarchi Renato , Carey Lisa A. , Perou Charles M.
Published: January 2025

Early-stage and metastatic breast cancers (MBC) can exhibit genomic heterogeneity, even within the same individual. Response to therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients with multiple metastases can also be heterogeneous, with different degrees of responsiveness to the same drug(s) across metastatic sites, termed “mixed response,” within the same patient. Whether this treatment response variability is influenced by factors such as intrinsic tumor characteristics of metastatic lesions and/or the microenvironment is unknown. Through genomic analysis of multiple metastases from the same patient, assayed in 6 different patients who had exhibited mixed response on imaging, we identified that higher regulatory T cells (T reg) and CDKN2A gene expression values correlate with non-response, while the KRAS gene, KRAS amplicon, and CD8T cells were associated with response in individual metastases. These genomic features may explain mixed clinical responses and provide valuable insights into intrapatient variations in treatment sensitivity.
Optimized convolutional neural network using African vulture optimization algorithm for the detection of exons
Authors: Jayasree K. , Hota Malaya Kumar
Published: January 2025

The detection of exons is an important area of research in genomic sequence analysis. Many signal-processing methods have been established successfully for detecting the exons based on their periodicity property. However, some improvement is still required to increase the identification accuracy of exons. So, an efficient computational model is needed. Therefore, for the first time, we are introducing an optimized convolutional neural network (optCNN) for classifying the exons and introns. The study aims to identify the best CNN model that provides improved accuracy for the classification of exons by utilizing the optimization algorithm. In this case, an African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) is used for optimizing the layered architecture of the CNN model along with its hyperparameters. The CNN model generated with AVOA yielded a success rate of 97.95% for the GENSCAN training set and 95.39% for the HMR195 dataset. The proposed approach is compared with the state-of-the-art methods using AUC, F1-score, Recall, and Precision. The results reveal that the proposed model is reliable and denotes an inventive method due to the ability to automatically create the CNN model for the classification of exons and introns.
TOP2A inhibition and its cellular effects related to cell cycle checkpoint adaptation pathway
Authors: López Maria C. Arroyo , Fernández-Mimbrera M. A. , Gollini E. , Esteve-Codina A. , Sánchez A. , Ortega Juan Alberto Marchal
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigate the G2 checkpoint activated by chromosome entanglements, the so-called Decatenation Checkpoint (DC), which can be activated by TOP2A catalytic inhibition. Specifically, we focus on the spontaneous ability of cells to bypass or override this checkpoint, referred to as checkpoint adaptation. Some factors involved in adapting to this checkpoint are p53 and MCPH1. Using cellular models depleted of p53 or both p53 and MCPH1 in hTERT-RPE1 cells, we analyzed cell cycle dynamics and adaptation, segregation defects, apoptosis rate, and transcriptional changes related to prolonged exposure to TOP2A inhibitors. Our findings reveal that cell cycle dynamics are altered in MCPH1-depleted cells compared to control cells. We found that MCPH1 depletion can restore the robustness of the DC in a p53-negative background. Furthermore, this research highlights the differential effects of TOP2A poisons and catalytic inhibitors on cellular outcomes and transcriptional profiles. By examining the different mechanisms of TOP2A inhibition and their impact on cellular processes, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the regulation and physiological implications of the DC and checkpoint adaptation in non-carcinogenic cell lines.
Identification and suppression of low-frequency oscillations using PMU measurements based power system model in smart grid
Authors: Zuhaib Mohd , Rihan Mohd , Gupta Saket , Sufyan Marwan Ahmad Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Low-frequency oscillations (LFO) are inherent to large interconnected power systems. Timely detection and mitigation of these oscillations is essential to maintain reliable power system operation. This paper presents a methodology to identify and mitigate low-frequency oscillations ( forced and inter-area) using a wide area monitoring system (WAMS) based power system model utilizing phasor measurement units (PMUs). These models accurately identify the behavior and location of generators contributing to low-frequency oscillations in real-time and hence can efficiently improve the performance of WADC to mitigate them. The proportional resonant power system stabilizer (PR-PSS) is utilized to suppress these LFOs, as determined from the Wide Area Power System Model. The damping structure based on PR-PSS with measurements from WAMS effectively suppresses both forced and inter-area oscillation modes.
An Integrative lifecycle design approach based on carbon intensity for renewable-battery-consumer energy systems
Authors: Song Aoye , Zhou Yuekuan
Published: January 2025

Driven by sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality worldwide, demands for both renewable energy and storage systems are constantly increasing. However, the lack of an appropriate approach without considering renewable intermittence and demand stochasticity will lead to capacity oversizing or undersizing. In this study, an optimal design approach is proposed for integrated photovoltaic-battery-consumer energy systems in the form of a m2-kWp-kWh relationship in both centralized and distributed formats. Superiorities of the proposed matching degree approach are compared with the traditional uniformity approach, in photovoltaic capacity, battery capacity, net present value and lifecycle carbon intensity. Results showed that the proposed method is superior to the traditional approach with higher net present value and lower carbon intensity. Furthermore, the proposed method can be scaled and applied to guide the design of photovoltaic-battery-consumer energy systems in different climate zones, promoting sustainable development and carbon neutrality globally.
A strategy for increasing the breakdown field strength beyond the experimental scaling law in yttria films
Authors: Nakajima Tomohiko , Kitanaka Yuuki , Yamaguchi Iwao , Kumagai Kazuhiro , Nomoto Junichi , Fukuda Masayuki , Hokari Ryohei
Published: January 2025

Yttria films with nanocrystallite aggregates synthesized via photo-assisted chemical solution deposition achieved an Ebf over 12.7 MV/cm−1, suggesting a new strategy to enhance dielectric breakdown strength beyond the experimental scaling law.
Sodium-rich Nickel-Cobalt Hexacyanoferrates for Enhanced Energy Storage Performance in Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Thuy Vu Van , Son Nguyen Truong , Ha Vu Hoang , Duong Le Xuan , Thu Tran Viet
Published: January 2025

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries because of their three-dimensional structure, high capacity, and low-cost. In this work, we synthesize sodium-rich nickel-cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Na-rich NixCoyHCF)...
Synthetic control over lattice strain in trimetallic AuCu-core Pt-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Jonasse Just P. , Perxés Perich Marta , Turner Savannah J. , van der Hoeven Jessi E. S.
Published: January 2025

Lattice strain in trimetallic Pt-shell Au1−xCux-core nanoparticles was tuned from tensile strain to compressive strain by increasing the Cu fraction in the AuCu-core.
A self-activation strategy to prepare ZIF-8 derived N,O co-doped meso–microporous carbon for zinc ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Huo Te , Chen Chunxia , Wang Lan , Tan Lichao , Wu Xiaoliang , Wang Xin
Published: January 2025

Porous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is usually carbonized and then activated by additional introduction of potassium hydroxide.
Diastereoselective visible-light-induced radical cascade trifluoromethylation/sulfuration/cyclization of 1,6-enynes with S-aryl trifluoromethanesulfonothioate (TTSA)
Authors: Jiang Yuhao , Sun Jiapeng , Hu Qi , Huang Jianmin , Song Yingming , Cao Hua , Yu Yue
Published: January 2025

A novel and highly reactive trifluoromethylating/sulfurating reagent, S-aryl trifluoromethanesulfonothioate, was reacted with a variety of 1,6-enynes under photocatalytic conditions.
Insights into the specific capacitance of CNT-based supercapacitor electrodes using artificial intelligence
Authors: Tawfik Wael Z. , Shaban Mohamed , Raveendran Athira , Lee June Key , Al-Enizi Abdullah M.
Published: January 2025

This study uses various ML algorithms, including artificial neural networks, random forest, k-nearest neighbors, and decision tree, based on experimental studies to predict the specific capacitance characteristics of CNT-based SC electrodes.
Asymmetric photoreactions catalyzed by chiral ketones
Authors: Bian Bao-Ji , Yang Liu , Qiao Li-Xin , Zhang Qiang , He Wei
Published: January 2025

Asymmetric catalytic reactions are essential for synthesizing chiral drugs and fine chemicals, with their stereoselectivity influenced significantly by interactions between catalysts and substrates.
Design and synthesis of asymmetric anhydrous quaternary ammonium fluoride electrolytes for fluoride ion batteries
Authors: Tan Tiancheng , Murdey Richard , Sumitomo Shunsuke , Wakamiya Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Three novel asymmetric anhydrous quaternary ammonium fluoride salts with varying structural bulkiness were synthesized to reveal how structural variations influence chemical properties such as solubility, ionic conductivity, and stability.
The use of drones and Artificial Intelligence for dugong sighting detection in a limited resource scenario
Authors: Ario Digdo Akbar , Astari Elisabeth , Riskyta Arinda Bella , Cahyono Topan
Published: January 2025

The use of commercially available drones and artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in popularity in the last decade. Nonetheless, its usage to detect cryptic and high-mobility marine mammals remains constrained by resource-intensive nature, vast coverage areas, hardware limitations, and environmental variables. This study aims to recount our experience conducting a combination of drone and AI-assisted detection (WISDAM) in a scenario with limited resources to detect dugongs. The operation was conducted in September 2023, April 2024, and May 2024 in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Prior to flight path design, CMS questionnaires and satellite data were utilized in order to comprehend the spatial and temporal context of the dugongs and their preferred habitat. A DJI Air 2s drone was used in 28 flights, covering 12.09 km2, yielding 8,509 photos. In total, 47 photos comprise dugongs, including seven with multiple individuals. 56 sightings were successfully identified manually by multiple analysts to minimize bias, and seven photos (12.5%) were considered dubious. AI detection is rather limited compared with manual detection’s numbers of positively identified dugong photos. Out of 153 AI detections, only 27 (17.6%) were True Positives. Therefore, more flights are needed to enhance the sample size for machine learning.
Phytoplankton communities as indicator of trophic state in some habitats of Batanghari River system in Sumatera Island, Indonesia
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Lumbantoruan Reliana , Sudarso Jojok , Sukamto Tedjo
Published: January 2025

Deforestation, land use change, expansion of agriculture, which may have an impact water quality in Batanghari River habitat. Phytoplankton composition, abundance, diversity and functional group were observed to know the trophic and ecological status of Batanghari River habitats. Phytoplankton samples and water quality were collected in 2022 at eight sampling sites. The result showed that phytoplankton abundance ranges from 85 to 3264 individuals L-1 indicating medium to low productivity. Phytoplankton community included seven divisions as Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta. Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta and Chlorophyta are dominant group contributing 63.3 %, 63.58%, and 82.98 % to Batang Tebo, Lake Teluk and Lake Toman station respectively. A high total number of species (58 to 60) was recorded in Lake Sigombak and Lake Teluk. Diversity index (H’), showed most habitats in Batanghari River were classified as moderate ecological stress. A higher diversity index (2.645), species richness index (4.141), similarity index (0.763), low conductivity, low TDS and high percentage of PFGs NA indicating healthier and mesotrophic waters was recorded in Lake Sigombak. Low of index diversity (1.658 to 1.715), index species richness (1.387 to 2.181), index similarity (0.488 to 0.661) and pH (1.34 to 2.55) were found in peat swamp.
Chronic toxicity of palm oil mill effluent on survival growth rate and survival length rate of zebra fish (Danio rerio) larvae
Authors: Zulfahmi Ilham , Nafis Badratun , Waliul Perdana Adli , Munawarah
Published: January 2025

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) presents a significant ecological challenge due to its high organic load and potential toxicity to aquatic ecosystems. This study examines the chronic toxicity of POME on zebrafish (Danio rerio), focusing on its impact on Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Specific Length Rate (SLR). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, involving three treatments : 0 mL/L (control), 0.5 mL/L (10% LC50-96 hours, Treatment A), and 1 mL/L (20% LC50-96 hours, Treatment B). The results showed significant decrease in SGR and SLR across treatments. Specifically, the SGR decreased from 4.40%/day in the control group to 3.33%/day in Treatment A and 2.61%/day in Treatment B. Similarly, the SLR decreased from 1.13%/day in the control to 0.32%/day and 0.35%/day in Treatments A and B, respectively. These findings underscore the ecological risks of POME, highlighting its potential to disrupt aquatic ecosystem health by impairing fish growth. Moreover, they emphasize the importance of improving industrial waste management practices to mitigate environmental harm and promote sustainable aquatic resource management.
The Effectiveness of Cherry (Muntingia calabura L) leaves extract on gourami (Osphronemus goramy) seeds infected with the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Mellisa Siska , Rahman Putra Ihsan
Published: January 2025

Gourami (Osphronemus goramy), a high-value fish, faces challenges in growth and survival due to bacterial infections, particularly Aeromonas hydrophila. This study analyzed the effects of cherry (Muntingia calabura) leaves extract at different doses on gourami infected with A. hydrophila. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three repetitions was used: Treatment A (negative control), Treatment B (positive control), and Treatments C, D, and E (fish challenged with A. hydrophila and immersed in 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 90 ppm of cherry leaves extract, respectively). Results showed that cherry leaves extract significantly improved fish survival and health. Treatment C (50 ppm) yielded the best outcomes, with 76.66% survival, leucocyte counts of 165.3 x 10³ cells/mm³, and hemoglobin levels of 8 g/dL. It also reduced mucus production, healed ulcers, and stabilized blood parameters. Thus, 50 ppm cherry leaves extract was the most effective dose for enhancing gourami health and survival against A. hydrophila infections.
The Effect of water depth on the growth and survival rate of Panulirus homarus in floating net cages: Implications for sustainable coastal aquaculture and marine conservation
Authors: Efrizal  , Sriwahyuni Lubis Amelia , Anwar Riski , Rusnam
Published: January 2025

Panulirus homarus is a valuable fishery commodity, is in high demand both in Indonesia and internationally. Its cultivation often utilizes floating net cages, where environmental factors, such as water depth, are crucial to the lobster's well-being. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different water depths in floating net cages on the survival rate and growth of P. homarus. The research employed an experimental method with a completely randomized design, consisting of three treatments and five replications. The water depth treatments were WD 01 (4 meters), WD 02 (8 meters), and WD 03 (12 meters). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. After 60 days of cultivation, the results showed that water depth had no significant effect on the survival rate and growth of P. homarus. The 8-meter depth yielded the highest results with 67±38.19 % of survival rate, 50.33±8.08 g of weight growth, 0.50±0.20 cm of carapace length growth, 0.17±0.15 cm of carapace width growth, 5.11±0.074 %-1 day of specific growth rate, and 25.00±0.76 % of molting rate. Although water depth did not significantly affect outcomes, the 8-meter depth appeared to be optimal for P. homarus in this study.
Socio-Economic dynamics of octopus fisheries for the livelihood sustainability of small-scale fishers in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Indrabudi Terry , Triyanti Riesti , Safitri Widya , Candra Wirawan Arief Mochamad
Published: January 2025

Octopus sp. is a significant economic asset in Indonesia, particularly for small-scale fishers in East Java. This study explores the socio-economic complexities of octopus capture fishing and its implications for livelihood sustainability. The sector faces significant challenges, including climate change, price volatility, low value-added products, high operational costs, limited market access, and the lack of specific octopus management regulations in Indonesia. Conducted in Banyuwangi, Sumenep, and Malang Regency from May to July 2024, the research utilized a mixed- method approach, gathering data through interviews with 153 small-scale octopus fishers, which were analysed qualitatively. Octopus fishing trips in East Java ranged from 3 to 30 times per month, with yields of 4 to 80 octopuses per trip, generating profits from IDR 30,000 to 8.5 million. Initial investment costs varied from IDR 3.1 to 165 million, while operational costs ranged from IDR 30,000 to 3.4 million, and maintenance expenses from IDR 264,000 to 18.3 million. The octopus supply chain is lengthy, marked by a persistent patron-client relationship between fishers and financiers. The study emphasizes the need for better governance, improved market access, and robust support systems to enhance the sustainability and profitability of octopus fishing in East Java, offering crucial policy recommendations.
Perceptions of aceh jaya fishermen regarding the conservation of Sphyrna lewini and Rhynchobatus australiae in marine protected areas, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Jaya
Authors: Mutia Aprilla Ratna , Fajri Ilham , Izmi Aulia Nst Aina
Published: January 2025

Conservation status is an indicator used to show the level of threat to a living creature. The determination of this conservation status aims to provide protection and sustainability for living creatures. The conservation status of Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and Whitespotted guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) is currently critically endangered. It is S. lewini and R. australiae juveniles caught by gillnet fishermen as by-catch and the lack of knowledge of fishermen regarding the protection and conservation status of Sphyrna lewini and R. australiae juveniles. This study aims to determine the perceptions of gillnet fishermen regarding the conservation status of S lewini and R australiae during their release and capture in marine protected area (KKPD TP). This study was conducted between February and June 2024 in Aceh Jaya regency by taking 37 respondent from three villages, viz; Lhok Patek 13 respondents, Lhok Keluang Daya 13 respondents and Lhok Rigah 11 respondents). The method used in this study was the observation and interview method using a questionnaire with descriptive analysis.. Data processing was carried out using a likert scale through Microsoft Excel. The results of the study showed that the conservation section of S. lewini and R. australiae, the score was 86% with the interpretation of very good, in the capture of S. lewini and R. australiae, the score was 52% with the interpretation of sufficient and the release of both species had a score 79% with the interpretation of good. This has occurred since the introduction of the hammerhead and cetacean shark pup protection and socialization programs.
Aquatic plants and benthic biodiversity: A comprehensive study of community interactions in Aneuk Laot Lake, Sabang
Authors: Nurfadillah Nurfadillah , S Darmarini Ananingtyas , Kamal Ahmad , Annisa Annisa , Ediansa Putra Nanta , Maulida Siti
Published: January 2025

Aquatic plants, as primary producers, play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, and macrozoobenthos also contribute significantly to the nutrient cycles at the water's bottom. This research aims to identify and analyze aquatic plants and macrozoobenthos in Aneuk Laot Lake, Sabang. This research uses a descriptive method by analyzing the diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index and species abundance. The research results show that there are 3 families, 5 species and 94 individuals of aquatic plants. The most dominant species is Eichhornia crassipes from the Pontederiaceae family. The abundance value of aquatic plants in Lake Aneuk Laot ranges from 13-26 individuals/m2. The aquatic plant diversity index ranges from 1.48-1.58, which indicates the medium category. The aquatic plant uniformity index ranges from 0.92-0.98 which indicates the stable category and the dominance value ranges from 0.21-0.24 which indicates the low category. The macrozoobenthos composition consists of 3 classes, 7 species and 82 macrozoobenthos individuals. The most dominant species is Anodonta woodiana from the Unionida family. The highest abundance in macrozoobenthos ranges from 5-23 individuals/m2. The macrozoobenthos diversity index ranges from 0.95-1.46 which indicates the medium category. The uniformity value ranges from 0.87 to 0.91, which is in the high category, and the dominance index ranges from 0.26 to 0.40, indicating good stability in the macrozoobenthos community. The value of the commodity structure of aquatic plants and macrozoobenthos shows that water conditions are stable and the diversity index of aquatic plants and macrozoobenthos is classified as moderate, uniformity is still evenly distributed and there are no dominant species.
Effect of various natural feed on the growth and survival of Tinfoil barb larvae as local fisheries (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)
Authors: Melanie Kavinta , Afriani Sari , Djamani Rianjuanda
Published: January 2025

Natural feed is needed to improve larvae growth, because of high nutritional value; appropriate size for the larvae's mouth opening; attracts the attention of fish and is easily digested by the larvae. The study purpose is to ascertain how various natural feed affect Tinfoil barb larvae's development and survival (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). The study was carried out at the Lukup Badak Fish Seed Center, Pegasing, Central Aceh, from July to September 2022. A completely randomized design (CRD), comprising four treatments with four replications, namely: Treatment 1 (Artemia sp.), Treatment 2 (Rotifera sp.), Treatment 3 (Chlorella sp.), and Treatment 4 (Nannochloropsis sp.) was used for data analysis. Feeding was carried out ad libitum 4 times a day. The ANOVA result showed that feeding different natural feed to the Tinfoil barb larvae for 28 days significantly (P<0.05) effect on length rate and growth rate, but had no discernible impact on specific growth rate or survival (P>0.05). The highest length rate was found in the treatment of Artemia sp. (4.72 mm) while the highest weight rate was found in Rotifera sp. treatment (0.0119 g). Artemia sp. and Rotifera sp. are natural feed that have excellent nutrients for growth development of Tinfoil barb larvae.
Feeding habits of mudskipper fish (Priopthalmus argentiliniatus) in the mangrove ecosystem on The Northern Coast of Aceh
Authors: Dewiyanti Irma , Salsabilla Sarah
Published: January 2025

The mudskipper fish is one of the native fishes inhabit in mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove ecosystems are suitable habitats for marine life with high fauna diversity. Information about the feeding habits of mudskipper fish is essential to make domestication efforts for the conservation of mudskipper. Food determine the extent of distribution type and can control the size a population. This research was conducted in May until July 2024 in the mangrove ecosystem of Northern Aceh’s coast. The study aims to analyze the feeding habits of mudskippers in the mangrove ecosystem of Northern Aceh. Fish samples were collected using the purposive sampling method at four different locations. A total of 80 individuals were obtained, and their stomachs and intestines were preserved using a 4% formalin solution. The type of food was observed under a microscope in the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, USK. The research identified 6 major food types, namely Phytoplankton, Nematodes, Crustaceans, Polychaeta, Hexapod, and litter fragments. The highest index of preponderance (IP) value showed that nematodes were the main food of mudskipper fish which have an IP value was 47%, some research found that nematode is one of foods that obtained in the mudskipper stomachs. The mudskipper fishes inhabit in mangrove ecosystem of the north Mangrove coast of Aceh are categorized as carnivorous fish.
Coral fisheries management using an ecosystem approach in the domain of fishing techniques at the Pasiran fish landing base
Authors: Muammar Mesha Abel , Rahmah Alvi , Agustina Imelda , Sriwulanda Ayu
Published: January 2025

Sabang City has significant potential in coral reef fisheries, which are among its key commodities with high economic and ecological value. However, its management faces several challenges, including seasonal dependency of fishermen, fishing practices targeting fish below their gonadal maturity level, repeated exploitation of the same fishing grounds, and the use of traditional poisons. This study aims to evaluate ecosystem-based coral reef fisheries management within the fishing gear domain at the Fish Landing Site (TPI) Pasiran, Sabang City. The research was conducted from July 1 to July 30, 2024, at the Fish Landing Site (TPI) Pasiran, Sukakarya District, Sabang City. Data collection utilized primary methods (interviews and questionnaires) and secondary methods (reports from related institutions and previous studies). The sampling technique used was a census method with a total of 10 respondents. Data analysis employed ordinal Likert scale scores (1, 2, and 3) for each indicator, followed by the calculation of index values, composite scores, and descriptive analysis. The results show that coral reef fisheries management at TPI Pasiran falls under the “good” category with a composite score of 78. However, certain aspects, such as crew certification ownership and fishing capacity and effort, require further attention to enhance fisheries sustainability.
Circadian Phase Assessment of Core Body Temperature Using a Wearable Temperature Sensor Under the Real World
Authors: Kubota Naoko , Okada Kazufumi , Yamanaka Yujiro
Published: January 2025

Objective To evaluate whether a patch-type wearable temperature sensor (CALERA Research) could determine the circadian phase of core body temperature (CBT) in a manner like a rectal probe.

Materials and Methods Sixteen participants (27 ± 11 years, 8 males and 8 females) wore an actigraph and CALERA Research sensor on the chest region for 3–5 days in a real-world setting. Simultaneous rectal temperature measurements were performed during the nocturnal sleep period. The midpoints of the nocturnal decrease in CBT (CBTtrough) were used as the circadian phase marker. We analyzed 60 pairs of CBTtrough. The reliability and agreement of the CBTtrough from the two devices were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The Bland-Altman analysis was used to quantify the limit of agreement of CBTtrough between the devices.

Results The ICC of 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93–0.98) and CCC of 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93–0.97) values indicated excellent reliability and substantial agreement, respectively. The mean bias was 0.16 hours (95%LoA: -0.76–1.07 hours). The mean CBTtrough comparison was 5.9 ± 1.6 hours in the CALERA Research sensor and 5.8 ± 1.7 hours in the rectal probe.

Conclusion The difference in the CBTtrough between the two devices was about ± 1.0 hour which would be an acceptable range for determining the CBTtrough. We suggest that the CALERA Research sensor could be a useful tool for reasonably estimating the circadian phase of CBTtrough and providing a surrogate for a rectal probe.
Complications of Gastrostomy Tube Placement
Authors: Peters Gail , Bittman Ross , Sankhla Tina
Published: January 2025

Gastrostomy tube placement is a common medical procedure performed endoscopically, surgically, or with image guidance in interventional radiology. It is indicated for nutritional supplementation in those with inadequate oral intake and for gastric decompression in the setting of intestinal obstruction. For optimal outcomes, preprocedural clinical evaluation, imaging workup, meticulous technique during placement, and close clinical follow-up are essential. Complications are usually minor but not uncommon. They may occur during placement, in the immediate postoperative period, and throughout the time the tube is in place. This article will review the indications, contraindications, and complications of percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement. Major and minor complications will be illustrated along with tips and mitigation strategies employed to avoid and treat them.
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles in Lymphocytes of a Child with Sialic Acid Storage Disorder
Authors: Shafi Saba , Kahwash Samir B.
Published: January 2025

This is an image-based clinical vignette demonstrating unusual cytoplasmic vacuoles in the lymphocytes in a stained peripheral blood smear from a 6-month-old infant who presented with seizures, hypotonia, and hepatosplenomegaly and was found to have the extremely rare lysosomal disorder, namely, sialic acid storage disease. Although not specific, it is important to recognize this morphologic finding for reflex biochemical and genetic testing.
Selection and optimization of drive nodes in drive-response networks
Authors: Yan Zihao , Fan Ziye , Hu Jie , Liu Hui , Wu Xiaoqun
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the selection and optimization of drive nodes based on the controllability of multilayer networks. The intra-layer network topologies are arbitrary, and the node dynamics are linear time-invariant dynamical systems. The study focuses on the number and selection of drive nodes in a special class of drive-response networks. Several conclusions are drawn through the investigation: (1) All the drive nodes cannot be placed in the response layer but can be contained in the drive layer; (2) The minimum number of drive nodes placed in the drive layer is equal to the maximum geometric multiplicity of the system matrix of the drive layer; (3) The configuration of interlayer coupling weight significantly affects the number and distribution of drive nodes. Moreover, an optimization scheme is proposed based on the Gershgorin circle theorem, which aims to minimize the number of drive nodes in the entire network. This scheme ensures that regardless of the drive nodes originally needed, they can be reduced to the maximum geometric multiplicity of the system matrix of the drive layer. Numerical simulations on a general two-layer network as well as various synthetic networks are provided to validate the results.
Improved light absorption enables highly efficient carbon dots luminescent solar concentrator
Authors: Lin Jishuai , Wang Lihua , Meng Xiangyong , Li Weihua , Ren Nan , Tao Lin , Xiao Junlong , Jing Qiang , Song Yang , Zhao Haiguang
Published: January 2025

Carbon dots (CDs) offer several advantages, including non-toxicity, facile synthesis, high fluorescence efficiency, and large Stokes shift, rendering them up-and-coming candidates for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). However, the inherently weak light absorption of CDs significantly hinders LSC performance. Here, by modifying the space-confined vacuum heating method, we synthesized high quantum yield CDs with increased size and improved absorption cross section (up to 2.7 times greater than the smaller counterparts), which was elucidated by the size-dominated non-resonant absorption mechanism. The enhanced absorptivity at reduced concentration was demonstrated to mitigate aggregation-induced quenching effectively. Furthermore, we designed a multi-film coating structure to block and recycle the transmitted harmful ultraviolet and short-wavelength blue light through optical interference, thereby fully exploiting this ‘useless’ waveband. By optimizing both the CD absorption cross section and the blue light recycling, the fabricated 80 × 80 × 2.5 mm3 LSC device achieved a record-high external optical efficiency of 9.6%, while still maintaining 71% average visible transmittance. This work proves the substantial potential of enhancing the efficiency of CD-based LSC devices from the perspective of light absorption.