bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Training Need of the Pineapple Growers for Boosting Production in Hilly Areas of Sreemangal Upazila Under Moulvibazar District
Authors: Deb Biplob , Islam Mohammad Ashraful
Published: July 2023

Training is a tool to increase production both vertically and horizontally through enhanced skills of the farmers. The focus of the study was to determine and describe the training need of the pineapple growers in a hilly area of Sylhet region and explores the relationship between the selected characteristics of growers and training need. Data were collected from randomly selected 75 pineapple growers out of 228 of three unions namely Sreemangal, Ashidron, and Sindhurkhan of Sreemangal upazila under Moulvibazar district using a pre-tested interview schedule from 1 September to 2 October 2020. Through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the growers, a total of 12 different aspects of pineapple cultivation were identified as inadequately skilled for modern pineapple cultivation. For quantification of training need, each respondent was asked to answer the extent of training need against each of those aspects. Results revealed that most of the pineapple growers (58.7%) had medium training need while 29.3% had high and only 12.0% had low training need. The top five training need aspects of pineapple cultivation were appropriate amount and time of fertilizer application, modern method of insect–pest identification and control, soil moisture conservation technique, and preventive measure of fruit sunburn. Correlation analysis indicated that age (-0.272*), educational (-0.526**), annual income (-0.269*), experience of pineapple cultivation (-0.455**), knowledge about pineapple cultivation (-0.807**), training received (-0.558**), and use of information source (-0.331**) were found negatively significant with their training need. Extension service providers should come forward to facilitate access of need-based information and skills to the pineapple growers or at least do their best alternative based on resource allocation for improvement of yield and production of pineapple in the hilly areas of Sylhet region.
Evaluation on Post-Harvest Losses of Paddy in Tiruvallur District: A Study of Statistical Approach
Authors: Bharathi S. Mano , Vasanthi R. , Selvi R. Pangayar , Kalpana M. , Murugananthi D.
Published: July 2023

Aims: To study the factors contributing post-harvest losses in rice, because rice is a staple food crop consumed in worldwide. Selective post-harvest factors are considered will be made possible by a thorough understanding post-harvest losses. So, it will soon be possible to profile the post-harvest losses in paddy. In the current study, the post-harvest management of 30 farmers was considered using 10 quantitative characters.

Study Design: Primary data has been collected through questionaries.

Place and Duration of Study: Kadambathur, Thirutani, Tiruvallur blocks of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Between February 2023 to March 2023.

Methodology: The descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis was carried out for each of the 10 factors. Using Factor analysis, the proportion of each factor contribution to overall post-harvest losses was found. Path analysis has been used to study the direct and indirect effect between them.

Results: Correlation revealed the connection Threshing and drying and packing and storing(final output) were considerably quite favourable and significant. The Scree plot of the variables gives that the first two Principal components (PC), which have eigenvalues greater than one, collectively explained about 70 % of the total variation. By Biplot. Farmer_09, Farmer_20, Farmer_16, Farmer_20 present in upper quadrant show higher value of initial losses, Parboiling, milling. And winnowing. Parboiling has considerably show longer dispersion. By Path analysis, highest positive direct effect is observed in parboiling (0.6078908), followed by polishing (0.4977), initial losses (0.4039), winnowing (0.137) and highest negative direct effect is observed in milling (-04507).

Conclusion: From the above study it is conclude that initial losses (i.e losses during harvest), milling, parboiling and polishing are major contribution of post-harvest management. Hence When the crop is harvested on schedule and at the ideal moisture level (20 to 22%), it should be processed correctly, which includes cleaning, parboiling, and milling.
Mitochondria‐Targeting Small‐Molecule NIR‐II Fluorescent Probes for Imaging and Treatment of Tumor
Authors: Li Mingxun , Wu Yibin , He Chunfeng , Li Xinxin , Tao Ji , Qu Chunrong , Chen Wen‐Hua , Cheng Zhen
Published: July 2023

Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm)‐targeting molecular probes play an essential role in diagnosing and treating diseases. Recently, the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescent imaging has been actively studied as an attractive imaging modality. However, small molecule ΔΨm‐targeting NIR‐II probes are rarely reported, especially for highly efficient imaging and treatment of tumors. Herein, a small molecule probe named TQPTPP is designed and synthesized by conjugation of a novel D‐A type dye TQT1009 with ΔΨm‐targeting molecule alkyl triphenylphosphine (TPP) through a polyethylene glycol‐8 (PEG8) linker. The conventional ICG dye is also coupled with TPP through PEG8 to produce ICGTPP as a comparison. TQPTPP showed a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.041% and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (61.4%). It can be self‐assembled into nanoparticles and still preserve ΔΨm‐targeting capability. Tumor imaging is further performed, and results showed a long tumor retention time of TQPTPP (maximum tumor signal on day five and signal‐to‐noise ratio up to nine). As a comparison, ICGTPP remained a single molecule with ΔΨm‐targeting capability. But it has shorter tumor retention and lower photostability. These results suggested the novel D‐A small molecule ΔΨm‐targeting NIR‐II probe TQPTPP provided a new tool for diagnosing and treating tumors.
Is it for real? Structural differences between play and real fighting in adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Cordoni Giada , Ciarcelluti Giulia , Pasqualotto Altea , Perri Annarita , Bissiato Veronica , Norscia Ivan
Published: July 2023

In primates, as well as in other mammals, play fighting (PF) is a complex form of playful activity that is structurally similar to real fighting (RF) and may also be used in a competitive way. Here, we verify the structural key differences that can distinguish PF from RF in adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We collected 962 h of video recording on 30 adult individuals belonging to four chimpanzee groups (Mona Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Spain; La Vallée des Singes and ZooParc de Beauval, France). We applied different indices—two of which were borrowed from the ecological measures of biodiversity—to test for structural differences between PF (345 sessions) and RF (461 sessions) in the levels of behavior repetition (Repeatability of Same Behavior Index, RSBI), distribution uniformity (Pielou Index, J), variability (Shannon Index, H′) and, symmetry (i.e., reciprocal exchange of offensive/defensive behaviors; Asymmetry Index, AI). Moreover, we compared the session duration between PF and RF. We found that duration and RSBI were higher in PF than RF while AI was higher in RF than PF. No difference was found between J and H′. Interestingly, both females and males maintained similar ranking positions (determined via Normalized David's scores) in RF and PF. Our study indicates that session duration, behavior repetition, and symmetry can be distinctive structural key features of PF whereas dominance role‐reversal, behavior variability, and distribution uniformity were not. PF in adult chimpanzees may have elements of serious contexts (e.g., absence of role‐reversal as in RF) which is in line with the view that play is a blended, multifunctional behavior deriving from the re‐combination of different behavioral systems. Our findings highlight the need to investigate play structure and manifestation in a nuanced way to better understand the actual motivation that underlies what appears to be play.
Biselenophene Imide: Enabling Polymer Acceptor with High Electron Mobility for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Suxiang , Li Bangbang , Gong Shaokuan , Wang Junwei , Liu Bin , Young Jeong Sang , Chen Xihan , Young Woo Han , Feng Kui , Guo Xugang
Published: July 2023

The shortage of narrow band gap polymer acceptors with high electron mobility is the major bottleneck for developing efficient all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Herein, we synthesize a distannylated electron‐deficient biselenophene imide monomer (BSeI‐Tin) with high purity/reactivity, affording an excellent chance to access acceptor–acceptor (A–A) type polymer acceptors. Copolymerizing BSeI‐Tin with dibrominated monomer Y5‐Br, the resulting A–A polymer PY5‐BSeI shows a higher molecular weight, narrower band gap, deeper‐lying frontier molecular orbital levels and larger electron mobility than the donor–acceptor type counterpart PY5‐BSe. Consequently, the PY5‐BSeI‐based all‐PSCs deliver a remarkable efficiency of 17.77 % with a high short‐circuit current of 24.93 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 75.83 %. This efficiency is much higher than that (10.70 %) of the PY5‐BSe‐based devices. Our study demonstrates that BSeI is a promising building block for constructing high‐performance polymer acceptors and stannylation of electron‐deficient building blocks offers an excellent approach to developing A–A type polymers for all‐PSCs and even beyond.
Linkage Microenvironment of Azoles‐Related Covalent Organic Frameworks Precisely Regulates Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Mou Yi , Wu Xiaodong , Qin Chencheng , Chen Junying , Zhao Yanlan , Jiang Longbo , Zhang Chen , Yuan Xingzhong , Huixiang Ang Edison , Wang Hou
Published: July 2023

Artificial H2O2 photosynthesis by covalent organic frameworks (COFs) photocatalysts is promising for wastewater treatment. The effect of linkage chemistry of COFs as functional basis to photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalysis remains a significant challenge. In this study, three kinds of azoles‐linked COFs including thiazole‐linked TZ‐COF, oxazole‐linked OZ‐COF and imidazole‐linked IZ‐COF were successfully synthesized. More accessible channels of charge transfer were constructed in TZ‐COF via the donor‐π‐acceptor structure between thiazole linkage and pyrene linker, leading to efficient suppression of photoexcited charge recombination. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental studies, demonstrating that the thiazole linkage is more favorable for the formation of *O2 intermediate in H2O2 production than that of the oxazole and imidazole linkages. The real active sites in COFs located at the benzene ring fragment between pyrene unit and azole linkage.
Harnessing pyrimidine as a building block for histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Badran Mostafa M. , Abbas Samar H. , Fujita Mikako , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed
Published: July 2023

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are well‐established multifaceted bioactive agents against tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. Pyrimidine and its fused and substituted derivatives were employed as a surface recognition moiety of HDAC inhibitors. De facto, the literature was loaded with different success stories of pyrimidine‐based HDAC inhibitors that garnered much interest. Provoked by our continuous interest in HDAC inhibitors, we summarized and elaborated on the successful harnessing of the pyrimidine scaffold in this regard. Furthermore, we dissect our perspective that may guide medicinal chemists for an effective future design of more active chemotherapeutic agents with potential clinical applications.
Luminescence characteristics and X‐ray‐induced defects in BaFBr:Eu2+ storage phosphor
Authors: Sangeetha Lakshmi Narasimhan , Lakshmanan Arunachalam , Sivakumar Vairan
Published: July 2023

Three different approaches used to synthesize a sensitive BaFBr:Eu2+ X‐ray storage photostimulated luminescence (PSL) phosphor at 850°C for 1 h in a reducing atmosphere are reported. The effects of F/Br and Eu concentration on photoluminescence (PL) and PSL sensitivities synthesized by the three approaches were compared. In the first recipe, BaFBr:Eu2+ prepared using a BaF2, BaBr2 and EuF3 mixture using solid‐state diffusion (Recipe I), even in a reducing atmosphere, yielded a low PL and PSL intensity due to oxygen contamination that acted as competing hole traps. When BaFBr:Eu2+ was prepared using ammonium bromide and ammonium fluoride by two different recipes (Recipes II and III), oxygen contamination was eliminated, resulting in enhanced PSL efficiency. The proposed PSL process in BaFBr:Eu2+ was consistent with the experimental results. Increased F/Br molar ratios would incorporate fluorine ion interstitials that act as hole traps accompanied by bromine ion vacancies that act as electron traps. Although two types of F centres, F(Br−) and F(F−) are possible, F(Br−) centres formed during X‐irradiation are only vital for the PSL process. Structural, morphology, and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of the samples were also examined using XRD, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and TL studies.
Substance P‐Derived Extracellular‐Matrix‐Mimicking Peptide Hydrogel as a Cytocompatible Biomaterial Platform
Authors: Mukherjee Nabanita , Ghosh Surajit
Published: July 2023

Self‐assembled short peptide‐based hydrogel platforms have become widely applicable biomedical therapeutic maneuvers for their soft, tunable architecture, which can influence cellular behavior and morphology to an inordinate extent. In this work, a short supramolecular hydrogelator peptide, substance P, has been designed and synthesized from the C terminus conserved “FFGLM” section of a biologically abundant neuropeptide by using a fusion approach. In addition, to incorporate a good hydrophobic–hydrophilic balance, the truncated pentapeptide segment was further C‐terminally modified by the incorporation of an integrin‐binding “RGD” motif. Thanks to its N‐terminal Fmoc group, this octapeptide ensemble “FFGLMRGD” undergoes rapid self‐assembly to give rise to an injectable, pH‐responsive, hydrogel‐based self‐supporting platform that exhibited good cytocompatibility with the cultured mammalian cells under both 2D and 3D culture conditions without exerting any potent cytotoxic effect in a Live/Dead experiment. A rheological experiment demonstrated its hydrogel‐like mechanical properties, including thixotropicity. The atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the fabricated hydrogel show a tangled fibrous surface topography owing to the presence of the N‐terminal Fmoc−FF residue. Furthermore, an in‐vitro scratch assay performed on fibroblast cell lines confirmed the wound‐ameliorating potency of this designed hydrogel; this substantiates its future therapeutic prospects.
Quantitative fluid overload in severe aortic stenosis refines cardiac damage and associates with worse outcomes
Authors: Halavina Kseniya , Koschutnik Matthias , Donà Carolina , Autherith Maximilian , Petric Fabian , Röckel Anna , Mascherbauer Katharina , Heitzinger Gregor , Dannenberg Varius , Hofer Felix , Winter Max‐Paul , Andreas Martin , Treibel Thomas A. , Goliasch Georg , Mascherbauer Julia , Hengstenberg Christian , Kammerlander Andreas A. , Bartko Philipp E. , Nitsche Christian
Published: July 2023

Aims

Cardiac decompensation in aortic stenosis (AS) involves extra‐valvular cardiac damage and progressive fluid overload (FO). FO can be objectively quantified using bioimpedance spectroscopy. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of FO beyond established damage markers to guide risk stratification.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients with severe AS scheduled for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) underwent prospective risk assessment with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and echocardiography. FO by BIS was defined as ≥1.0 L (0.0 L = euvolaemia). The extent of cardiac damage was assessed by echocardiography according to an established staging classification. Right‐sided cardiac damage (rCD) was defined as pulmonary vasculature/tricuspid/right ventricular damage. Hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and/or death served as primary endpoint. In total, 880 patients (81 ± 7 years, 47% female) undergoing TAVI were included and 360 (41%) had FO. Clinical examination in patients with FO was unremarkable for congestion signs in >50%. A quarter had FO but no rCD (FO+/rCD−). FO+/rCD+ had the highest damage markers, including N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels. After 2.4 ± 1.0 years of follow‐up, 236 patients (27%) had reached the primary endpoint (29 HHF, 194 deaths, 13 both). Quantitatively, every 1.0 L increase in bioimpedance was associated with a 13% increase in event hazard (adjusted hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.22, p < 0.001). FO provided incremental prognostic value to traditional risk markers (NT‐proBNP, EuroSCORE II, damage on echocardiography). Stratification according to FO and rCD yielded worse outcomes for FO+/rCD+ and FO+/rCD−, but not FO−/rCD+, compared to FO−/rCD−.

Conclusion

Quantitative FO in patients with severe AS improves risk prediction of worse post‐interventional outcomes compared to traditional risk assessment.
Synthesis of 5‐glycosylated β‐anhydroicaritine
Authors: Lan Qing , Wang Xianheng , Zhao Zhao , Zhao Changkuo
Published: July 2023

Glycosylation plays an important role in many biological processes, and its structural changes have a significant impact on biological activity. Unlike natural icariin, icariside I, and icariside II, a simulated unnatural 5‐glycosylation (4) was designed to expand substrate adaptability and the pharmacological properties of the parent compound. Therefore, starting from commercially available icaritin, 5‐glycosylated icaritin was successfully synthesized in moderate yield through cyclization, selective 3‐alkylation, 5‐glycosylation, and hydrogenation steps. The structure was identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, MS, and x‐ray spectroscopy.
Verifying AXL and putative proteins as SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors by DnaE intein‐based rapid cell–cell fusion assay
Authors: Fang Quan , He Xiaobai , Zheng Xiaoguang , Fu Yu , Fu Ting , Luo Jingyi , Du Yaoqiang , Lan Jiajing , Yang Jun , Luo Yongneng , Chen Xiaopan , Zhou Naiming , Wang Zhen , Lyu Jianxin , Chen Linjie
Published: July 2023

As the understanding of the mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection continues to grow, researchers have come to realize that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors are not the only way for the virus to invade the host, and that there are many molecules that may serve as potential receptors or cofactors. The functionality of these numerous receptors, proposed by different research groups, demands a fast, simple, and accurate validation method. To address this issue, we here established a DnaE intein‐based cell‐cell fusion system, a key result of our study, which enables rapid simulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 host cell infection. This system allowed us to validate that proteins such as AXL function as SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptors and synergize with ACE2 for cell invasion, and that proteins like NRP1 act as cofactors, facilitating ACE2‐mediated syncytium formation. Our results also suggest that mutations in the NTD of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant spike protein show a preferential selection for Spike‐AXL interaction over Spike‐LDLRAD3. In summary, our system serves as a crucial tool for the rapid and comprehensive verification of potential receptors, screening of SARS‐CoV‐2–neutralizing antibodies, or targeted drugs, bearing substantial implications for translational clinical applications.
Early Improved Functional Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Primary Tumor Detection
Authors: Kalavacherla Sandhya , Bernard Benjamin , Kim Sangwoo S. , Dornisch Anna , Blumenfeld Liza , Linnemeyer‐Risser Kristen , Sanghvi Parag , Guo Theresa
Published: July 2023

Objectives

We characterize functional outcomes in head and neck cancer of unknown primary (CUP) based on primary site identification.

Methods

In this retrospective study, CUP cases were categorized as known primaries (KP) if a tumor was localized after diagnostic workup or persisting unknown primaries (UP). Age, sex, HPV status, diagnostic methods, and treatments regimens were collected. Pretreatment and short‐term posttreatment (3–6 months after completion of treatment) weights, PHQ‐9, Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐10) scores were compared between UP and KP.

Results

Among 67 CUP patients, 35 (52.2%) had identified primaries (91.4% oropharyngeal and 8.6% nasopharyngeal). KP patients were younger (58 vs. 64, p = 0.04) and more likely to be HPV‐positive (88.6% vs. 50%, p = 0.002). Overall detection rates were 16.7% for PET/CT, 34.7% for direct laryngoscopy, and 46.6% for transoral robotic oropharyngectomy. Diagnostic workup was not significantly different between groups. Patients with KP received smaller intermediate radiation dose volumes (436.5 vs. 278.9 cc, p = 0.03) and lower doses to the cricopharyngeal muscle (41.6 vs. 24.6 Gy, p = 0.03).Pretreatment weights, PHQ‐9, EAT‐10, and VHI‐10 scores did not differ between groups. However, posttreatment, UP had greater relative weight loss (−14.1% vs. −7.6%, p = 0.032), higher EAT‐10 scores (12.5 vs. 3, p = 0.004), and higher PHQ‐9 scores (6 vs. 1.4, p = 0.017). Specifically, UP reported more stressful swallowing, difficulty swallowing solids and pills, and swallowing affecting public eating.

Conclusion

KP patients experienced less weight loss, depression, and reduced swallowing dysfunction, highlighting an early functional benefit of primary tumor identification likely driven by reduced radiation treatment volumes.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:701–707, 2024
Existence and time asymptotic profiles of weak solutions to the nonhomogeneous magneto‐micropolar equations
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Lei Keke , Liu Chenggang , Han Pigong
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the existence and decay estimates of weak solutions to the 3D nonhomogeneous magneto‐micropolar equations. First, the global existence of weak solutions are obtained. Then, we derive the
and
decay rates of weak solutions
. Finally, the
decay rates of magnetic field
is obtained.
Comparative Study of Surface Activation Steps for Thermally Grown Oxide Interface and Optimal Silanization
Authors: Murugan Divagar , Tintelott Marcel , Amiri Hesam , Kasavetov Martin , Besedin Denis , Ingebrandt Sven , Vu Xuan Thang , Pachauri Vivek
Published: July 2023

Silanization is one of the widely explored surface modification strategies for biofunctionalization of oxide interfaces. For biosensor applications, silanes with active terminal groups such as amine, thiol, carboxylic, and aldehyde groups are utilized in routine. In near‐field sensing schemes like biologically sensitive field‐effect transistors, it is crucial to generate a homogeneous layer of silane to confine the biointeractions in close vicinity of the sensor interface. The homogeneity of such biofunctional layer is determined by the surface activation and silanization protocol being applied. Herein, the impact of the surface activation process and silanization on electrical characteristics of field‐effect devices is studied comprehensively using an electrolyte‐oxide‐semiconductor (EOS) capacitor with a high‐quality gate oxide. The thermally grown silicon oxide (SiO2) interface is activated using acidic mixtures and plasma treatment, while the subsequent silanization steps are investigated comparatively using two different silanes (3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3‐glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) in wet‐chemical and vapor‐phase processes. Furthermore, the optimized silanization process is utilized to immobilize an oligo strand at the EOS capacitor surface, followed by the hybridization of complementary oligo strands. The optimized protocol holds the potential for large‐scale production of functional oxide interfaces for various applications.
Effect of Postdeposition Heat Treatment on the Nanoplasmonic Behavior of Glancing Angle‐Deposited Silver Nanostructures
Authors: De Rajnarayan , Goud Bujagouni Karthik , Kar Chinmaya , Haque Sk Maidul , Debnath Anil Krishna , Sikdar Mrinal Kanti , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Rao Kompalli Divakar
Published: July 2023

Postdeposition heat treatment‐induced modifications of nanoplasmonic response in glancing angle‐deposited (GLAD) Ag nanostructures are systematically investigated. The as‐deposited GLAD Ag thin films are annealed at various temperatures namely 200, 250, 300, and 350 °C in air atmosphere. The reduction in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption peak width is detected with annealing. Morphological characterization of the as‐deposited and annealed films reveals reduction in grain size and shape distributions responsible for narrowing of the LSPR peak width. The refractive index sensitivities of the as‐deposited and annealed films are measured using an in‐house‐developed optical setup and figure of merit (FOM) of the sensors is also estimated. An increase in FOM of the sensors is observed upon annealing while sensitivity is found to be reduced. E‐field profile surrounding the Ag nanoparticles is also simulated to explain the experimental observations on refractive index sensitivity of the films.
Copper(II) Complexes Supported by Bis(imino)pyridine Ligands: Synthesis and Catalysis on Azide‐Alkyne Click Reactions
Authors: Sahil Deepika , Yadav Seema , Dash Chandrakanta
Published: July 2023

The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper(II)‐bis(imino)pyridine pincer complexes were described. The copper(II) complexes (2 a and 2 b) were synthesized by the reaction of 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridine ligands with CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O in methanol as a solvent. The copper(II) complexes were fully characterized by IR, UV‐Visible, Mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The copper(II) complexes 2 a and 2 b showed excellent catalytic activity towards azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (Click reaction) in water and produced regioselective product of 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles. The copper(II) complex (2 b) with electron withdrawing CF3 group exhibited comparatively higher catalytic activity in azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions and produced up to 93 % of yield with 0.05 mol % of the catalyst loading.
Electrochemical Cellobiose Valorization: Anodic Oxidation to Cellobionic Acid and Cathodic Reduction to Cellobitol
Authors: Chávez Morejón Micjel , Kurig Nils , Tschauder Yannick S. , Harnisch Falk , Palkovits Regina
Published: July 2023

This study elucidates key parameters allowing the electrochemical valorization of cellobiose, by creating value‐added products by both, anodic oxidation, and cathodic reduction. We demonstrate the first electrochemical reduction of cellobiose to cellobitol in a divided cell using Pb as cathode, leading up to 49 % conversion, though with long reaction times (over 26 h) and low coulombic efficiency (
) of 4 %. The successful synthesis of cellobionic acid was demonstrated by mediated oxidation in an undivided electrochemical cell, using a graphite anode and CaBr2 as electrocatalytic mediator. Cellobiose oxidation was highly selective, allowing for up to 92 % conversion to cellobionic acid at 48 %
when using a charge of 2 FE.
Determining Roles of Potassium‐Feldspar Surface Characters in Affecting Ice Nucleation
Authors: Liang Meichen , Cheng Yongxin , Zhou Xin , Liu Jie , Wang Jianjun
Published: July 2023

The roles of surface characteristics of the feldspar surface on ice nucleation have remained elusive. Here, simple strategies are reported to quantitatively analyze the effects of the surface morphology and molecular composition of the potassium‐feldspar surface on ice nucleation. The steps are found to be responsible to the high ice nucleation efficacy according to the fact that water drop freezing temperature increases by about 4.5 °C atop the freshly cleavage feldspar surface being rich of steps comparing to the flattened ones. After the molecular component and atomic structure are destroyed by the fluorination, a tremendous decrease of the ice nucleation temperatures by around 9.0 °C is observed on both cleavage and flattened surfaces, and the steps still improve the ice nucleation activity of the hydrophobic cleavage surfaces. The influence of the surface composition also implies the importance of the molecular component and structure specificity on K‐feldspar in facilitating ice nucleation.
Structure and establishment of the German Cochlear Implant Registry (DCIR)
Authors: Stöver T. , Plontke S. K. , Guntinas-Lichius O. , Welkoborsky H-J. , Zahnert T. , Delank K. W. , Deitmer T. , Esser D. , Dietz A. , Wienke A. , Loth A. , Dazert S.
Published: July 2023

Hearing rehabilitation of patients with severe hearing loss or deafness using cochlear implants (CI) is a very successful but also complex and lifelong process that requires high quality standards for structure, process, and results. Medical registries represent an ideal tool for conducting quality control relevant to care while at the same time collecting scientific data. Therefore, at the initiative of the Executive Committee of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO-KHC), a Germany-wide CI registry (the German Cochlear Implant Register, DCIR) was to be established. The following goals were to be achieved: 1) legal and contractual basis for the register; 2) definition of the register contents; 3) development of evaluation standards (hospital-specific and national annual reports); 4) development of a logo; 5) practical operation of the registry. After defining a catalog of services that defines the content, structure, and operation of the DCIR, a registry operator with audiological expertise was sought. After considering various offers, the registry was technically implemented in cooperation with the provider INNOFORCE (Ruggell, Liechtenstein) as registry operator. This also included the realization of an interface for data transfer from previously existing databases and development of a data protection concept for productive operation of the DCIR under the scientific leadership of the DGHNO-KHC Executive Committee. Since January 2022, it has been possible for participating hospitals to enter pseudonymized data into the DCIR. To date, 75 hospitals in Germany have contractually agreed to participate in the registry. During the first 15 months, data from over 2500 implants in over 2000 patients were registered in the DCIR. The work presented here describes the structuring, development, and successful establishment of the DCIR. Introduction of the DCIR represents an important milestone of future scientifically based quality control in CI care. The registry presented here can therefore be considered as an example for other areas of medical care and thus also sets an international standard.
Early treatment response to piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with bloodstream infections caused by non-ESBL ampicillin/sulbactam-resistant Escherichia coli: a binational cohort study
Authors: Tobudic Selma , Bahrs Christina , Schneider Lisa , Paulussen Emilia , Bartonickova Lucie , Hagel Stefan , Starzengruber Peter , Burgmann Heinz , Pletz Mathias W.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare treatment outcomes for bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by a piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ)-susceptible E. coli among three patient groups: BSI caused by ampicillin/sulbactam (AMP/SLB)-resistant isolates treated with PIP/TAZ, BSI caused by AMP/SLB-sensitive isolates treated with PIP/TAZ, and BSI caused by AMP/SLB-resistant isolates treated with another monotherapy.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in two academic centres in Europe. Adult patients with E. coli BSI were screened from 2014 to 2020. Inclusion criteria were non-ESBL BSI and initial monotherapy for ≥ 72 h. To reduce the expected bias between the patient groups, propensity score matching was performed. The primary outcome was early treatment response after 72 h and required absence of SOFA score increase in ICU/IMC patients, as well as resolution of fever, leukocytosis, and bacteraemia.

Results

Of the 1707 patients screened, 315 (18.5%) were included in the final analysis. Urinary tract infection was the most common source of BSI (54.9%). Monotherapies other than PIP/TAZ were cephalosporins (48.6%), carbapenems (34.3%), and quinolones (17.1%). Enhanced early treatment response rate was detected (p = 0.04) in patients with BSI caused by AMP/SLB-resistant isolates treated with another monotherapy (74.3%) compared to those treated with PIP/TAZ (57.1%), and was mainly driven by the use of cephalosporins and quinolones (p ≤ 0.03). Clinical success, 28-day mortality, and rate of relapsing BSI did not significantly differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that initial use of PIP/TAZ may be associated with reduced early treatment response in E. coli BSI caused by AMP/SLB-resistant isolates compared to alternative monotherapies.
Reducing Poverty and Building Capacity—Perceived Child and Family Impacts of the Child Tax Credit Expansion
Authors: Dugger R. , Weaver R. G. , Bean M. K. , Brickhouse T. H. , Brice P. , Siceloff E. R. , Armstrong B. , Beets M. , Adams E. L.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to evaluate the perceived impact of the Child Tax Credit expansion on families’ physical, mental, and financial well-being utilizing rigorous qualitative methodology. Parents (n = 40, ages: 20–49 years, median income: $36,000–48,000/year) in the southeastern USA completed interviews in October–November of 2020 after they received 3–4 monthly Child Tax Credit payments. Parents were classified into two groups (e.g., household income above [n = 21] vs. below [n = 19] 200% of the federal poverty line) for qualitative inductive analysis. Pre-ECTC themes were mapped onto the Hidden Dimensions of Poverty Framework. Across income groups, the expansion positively impacted family relationships, reduced stress, and facilitated meeting routine needs (e.g., food, housing costs). Parents with low-income were empowered to purchase greater volumes of food and invest in quality-of-life improvements (e.g., child extracurricular programming, family outings) for their children. Parents expressed disappointment around the expansion’s termination in December of 2021. The expanded Child Tax Credit empowered families to improve their well-being and reduced financial and emotional burdens. Personal anecdotes of public experiences with policy change can have a significant impact on federal policy decision-making. Parents perceived the ECTC improved their family well-being and desired its maintenance. This unconditional income assistance may be a viable strategy to significantly improve quality of life, if sustained long term. The health impacts and the cost benefit of this policy change should be evaluated.
The Marchioness Grey of Wrest Park
Authors: Godber Joyce
Published: July 2023

Although described in the introduction as 'a life', this book, written as a guide to more than 7000 letters held in Bedfordshire Archives, is far more than that. It is a biography of Jemima, Marchioness Grey (1722-1797), mainly pieced together from the voluminous correspondence between the Marchioness and her two daughters. It recounts her life from infant to grandmother.
Functional response of microbial communities in lab-controlled oil-contaminated marine sediment
Authors: Antonioli Regis , de Faria Poloni Joice , Riveros Escalona Manuel A. , Dorn Márcio
Published: July 2023

Pipeline of our methodology, from data acquisition and pre-processing, to the metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis.
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in the recycling of nickel and cadmium battery metals using electrodeposition
Authors: Hoogendoorn B. W. , Karlsson O. , Xiao X. , Pandey A. , Mattsson S. E. , Ström V. , Andersson R. L. , Li Y. , Olsson R. T.
Published: July 2023

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were employed in the aqueous electrodeposition of nickel and cadmium for battery metal recycling.
Enhancing the catalytic performance of Ni based catalysts in toluene reforming at low temperature by structuring on SiC extrudates
Authors: Jurado Lole , Romo y Morales Michaël Martin , Thomas Sébastien , Roger Anne-Cécile
Published: July 2023

Catalytic structuration on SiC extrudates improves the catalytic performance of Ni based catalysts in toluene reforming, and provides promising materials for hot gas cleaning in biomass gasification.
Femtosecond laser-induced Bragg gratings in silica-based fibers for harsh environment sensing
Authors: Mihailov Stephen J.
Published: July 2023

The technique of femtosecond laser-induced inscription of fiber Bragg gratings creates a structure in the optical fiber that can be used effectively as a sensor especially when deployed in harsh environments. Depending on the optical fiber chosen and the inscription parameters that are used, devices can be made that are suitable for sensing applications involving high temperature, pressure, ionizing radiation, and strain. Such devices are appropriate for aerospace or energy production applications where there is a need for components, instrumentation, and controls that can function in harsh environments. This paper will present a review of some of the more recent developments in this field.
Small mitochondrial protein NERCLIN regulates cardiolipin homeostasis and mitochondrial ultrastructure
Authors: Konovalova Svetlana , Torregrosa-Muñumer Rubén , Manjunath Pooja , Liu Xiaonan , Baral Sundar , Fatima Kaneez , Holopainen Minna , Kvist Jouni , Rajendran Jayasimman , Yang Yang , Varjosalo Markku , Käkelä Reijo , Somerharju Pentti , Tyynismaa Henna
Published: July 2023

Cardiolipin (CL) is an essential phospholipid for mitochondrial structure and function. Here, we present a small mitochondrial protein, NERCLIN, as a negative regulator of CL homeostasis and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Primate-specific NERCLIN is expressed ubiquitously from the
GRPEL2
locus on a tightly regulated low level. NERCLIN overexpression severely disrupts mitochondrial cristae structure and induces mitochondrial fragmentation. Proximity labeling and immunoprecipitation analysis suggested interactions of NERCLIN with CL synthesis and prohibitin complexes on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Lipid analysis indicated that NERCLIN regulates mitochondrial CL content. Furthermore, NERCLIN is responsive to heat stress ensuring OPA1 processing and cell survival. Thus, we propose that NERCLIN contributes to the stress-induced adaptation of mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings add NERCLIN to the group of recently identified small mitochondrial proteins with important regulatory functions.
Time Perception in Development
Authors: Kedar Yarden
Published: July 2023

Time is an abstract, unobservable, multifaceted, and elusive concept, whose nature has long posited a major challenge in philosophical and scientific thought. Nonetheless, despite the fact that time is not directly perceived by our senses, a universal human experience of time does exist. People are aware of time passing by; seek ways to measure it; arrange their lives around different timelines; and constantly use verbal expressions referring to time. A key question in developmental science is when and how children develop a sense and a concept of time. Infants are equipped from birth with perceptual time-tracking mechanisms for detecting patterns and changes in the physical environment, and their biological clocks reach an adult-like level already at 3 months of age. Infants have been shown to accurately register the recency, duration, frequency, and rhythmic aspects of events. Infants also gradually become more attuned to inter-sensory (visual/auditory/tactile) temporal relations based on co-occurrences of synchrony, duration, rate, and rhythm. These early abilities establish the foundation for the emergence of a metacognitive awareness and conceptualization of time in later stages of development. Several cognitive components such as attention, memory, and language are crucial in producing and maintaining our subjective perception of time. Additional factors include the social and cultural practices of time, which determine our time perspective and time perception. Verbal interactions relating to time between parents and their children aid the child in grasping distinctions between the past, present, and future, and between proximate and remote past and future times.
Perceptual Learning: Perception and Experience
Authors: Dosher Barbara Anne , Lu Zhong-Lin
Published: July 2023

Perceptual learning is the training-induced improvement in the accuracy or speed of relevant perceptual decisions about what is seen, heard, or felt. It occurs in all sensory modalities and in most tasks. The magnitude and generalizability of this learning may, however, depend on the stimulus modality, the level of sensory representation most aligned to the task, and the methods of training, including attention, feedback, reward, and the training protocol. What is known about perceptual learning in multiple modalities has been advanced based on behavioral studies and consideration of physiology and brain imaging, and the theoretical and computational models that systematize and promote understanding of the complex patterns of perceptual learning. Perceptual training might be used in translational applications, such as education, remediation of perceptual deficits, or maintenance of performance.
Systems Theory Approaches to Researching Educational Organizations
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf
Published: July 2023

In modern society, organizations are present in almost every social domain. From the end of the 18th century onward, education has predominantly taken place in school organizations. Of course, education still takes place within families, but to send a child to school was from around that time onward no longer seen to reflect unfavorably on its family. Schools are no longer a symptom of the family’s failure. The family and the school, rather, have become perceived as different but coexisting settings within which education takes place. Moreover, the way school organizations operate has generally come to be seen as more in accord with the needs of our modern “(post)industrial” society. Educational organizations, such as schools, build upon their own decision-making histories, but the organizational order which they produce is thought to be in line with the kinds of order that dominate in other social domains. More so than families, schools are expected to prepare children for the present and the future.

Using systems theory, the consequences of the organizational framing of education can be examined more closely. Developments within systems theory draw particular attention to the relation between organizations and their environment. Informed by this literature, we discuss, on the one hand, how the relation between schools and society can be adequately conceptualized, and, on the other hand, how the growing societal status of school organizations is affecting nonorganized families. Rather than focusing on the ways in which school organizations adapt to their environments, the interest in systems theory approaches is shifting to the ways in which the environments of school organizations must adapt to the expansion of these organizations. Topics that may be fruitfully tackled in future educational research are also explored.
Jadidism, Modernity, and Islamic Communities of Imperial Russia
Authors: Lazzerini Edward J.
Published: July 2023

A central theme in discussions focused on the evolution of intellectual history among Muslims of the Russian Empire has been that of Jadidism and its relationship to modernity. Unfortunately, many decades of historiography have not served the subject well. Even much of the most recent and serious writing has further confused what many think about Jadidism as a form of modernity with (a) its inherent opposition to classical Islamic theology and practice stemming from fundamental epistemological differences, purposes, and goals that thereby render it indifferent to Islamic reform; (b) its rejection of religion’s tethering of humankind to the “straight path” so as to control the former’s natural dark side and make humans reliant socially rather than merely personally on an invented God; (c) its further rejection of religion’s fixed canons, ostensibly the Word of God, that are made infinite through continuing human exegesis and the containment of free will; and (d) its displeasure with the dream of salvation, rather than the exercise of human will, serving as the antidote to the pointlessness and suffering of life. In total, these aspects of Jadidism place it securely within the realm of modernity.
Development in Lesotho
Authors: Aerni-Flessner John
Published: July 2023

Contestations around the idea and practice of development in Lesotho’s history illustrate the tensions that have accompanied development projects on the African continent during the colonial and postcolonial periods. The concept of “development” gives space to actors—international agencies, foreign governments, Basotho political leaders, and common people—to communicate visions for local communities and the nation. Individuals and communities in 19th-century Lesotho took advantage of new economic opportunities afforded by changing regional dynamics and they explored notions of “progress” (tsoelo-pele in Sesotho) in their everyday lives and cultural practices. However, the explicit term “development” came from 20th-century programs run by the British colonial administration in an effort to justify empire. After independence, Basotho saw development projects as an even higher priority because they were a proxy for the manifestation of independence. The postindependence period has seen interest in Lesotho’s development efforts by international partners wax and wane with regional and global geopolitical turns. The apartheid era saw Lesotho reap much development funding due to the state’s enclave status within South Africa, but much of this funding went away when the Cold War and apartheid ended. Thus, post-1994 development efforts have been more regionally focused on efforts like the Lesotho Highlands Water Project and the fight against HIV/AIDS. While the range of international partners has changed, Basotho in the 21st century continue to demand a role in shaping and planning development efforts that impact their country and communities. This is, broadly speaking, also true for most places on the African continent. Thus, examining the history of development in Lesotho shows how Africans have attempted to engage with and change development projects and ideas. This local voice has helped shape the ways in which colonialism, the Cold War, the antiapartheid movement, Structural Adjustment Programs, and the fight against HIV/AIDS have played out in local communities.