bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESSONÂNCIAS POLÍTICO-CLÍNICAS DO IDEAL DE INCLUSÃO NOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Fonseca Thales , Kyrillos Neto Fuad
Published: April 2020

Buscamos, neste ensaio, analisar as ressonâncias políticas e clínicas da presença de um ideal de inclusão do louco no tratamento oferecido pelos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Para tanto, num primeiro momento, fizemos um breve percurso pelo movimento da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira levando em consideração a sua principal influência, qual seja: a psiquiatria democrática italiana. Assim, partimos do pensamento paradigmático de Franco Basaglia, visando, com isso, esclarecer como se constitui o que denominamos de ideal de inclusão no CAPS. Posteriormente, pelo esforço teórico que perpassou a psicanálise e a política, analisamos, detidamente, as consequências político-clínicas de se tomar a inclusão social como horizonte final de um tratamento destinado, predominantemente, à psicose. Aqui, os conceitos de ideologia, ideal do eu e mal-estar foram de suma importância. Por fim, procuramos indicar algumas questões importantes para uma clínica possível no CAPS, que seja atinente à política e que alie a atenção dada ao sujeito e a busca por transformação social.
The Differentially Effect of Some Antilipid Drugs on Activity of the Novel Synthesized Paraoxonase (PON1)-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers
Authors: Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa , Ghebleh Farzad , Türkoğlu Medine , Ceyhun Saltuk Buğrahan
Published: April 2020

In the present study, the hybrid nanoflower PON1-Ca2+ (hNF-PON1) structure was synthesized and characterized and some antilipid drugs effects were investigated on hybrid paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Firstly, the hPON1 enzyme was purified 304.5 fold with 76.4% yield from human serum using the triple phase separation technique (TPP). Then, the hNF-PON1 was prepared in a one-step procedure using biomimetic mineralization. The catalytic activity of the hybrid enzyme with an 88.49% binding rate increased by 26.40%. The characterization of hNF-PON1 structure was performed with SEM, TEM, EDX, FT-IR and XRD analyzes. The effects of some lipid-lowering drugs (Valeric acid, phenoxy – isobutyric acid, N-desmethyl rosuvastatin) were also investigated on the activity of hNF-PON1 enzyme. When the re-usability of the enzyme was tested 10 times in succession, the enzyme was determined to protect the activity by 60%. Inhibition kinetics (IC50 and Ki values) of hybrid structure was determined. In the last stage of the study, the potential toxic effect of hNF-PON1 structure was evaluated using zebrafish embryos. To this end, zebrafish embryos were exposed to hNF-PON1 with 50-2000 ppm concentrations and monitored at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hpf. Survival rate, hatching rate and body malformations were evaluated during this period and it was determined that the hNF-PON1 structure did not exhibit any toxicity on zebrafish embryos.
Bmi1 Maintains the Self-Renewal Property of Innate-like B Lymphocytes
Authors: Kobayashi Michihiro , Lin Yang , Mishra Akansha , Shelly Chris , Gao Rui , Reeh Colton W. , Wang Paul Zhiping , Xi Rongwen , Liu Yunlong , Wenzel Pamela , Ghosn Eliver , Liu Yan , Yoshimoto Momoko
Published: April 2020

The self-renewal ability is a unique property of fetal-derived innate-like B-1a lymphocytes, which survive and function without being replenished by bone marrow (BM) progenitors. However, the mechanism by which IgM-secreting mature B-1a lymphocytes self-renew is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that Bmi1 was critically involved in this process. Although Bmi1 is considered essential for lymphopoiesis, the number of mature conventional B cells was not altered when Bmi1 was deleted in the B cell lineage. In contrast, the number of peritoneal B-1a cells was significantly reduced. Peritoneal cell transfer assays revealed diminished self-renewal ability of Bmi1-deleted B-1a cells, which was restored by additional deletion of Ink4-Arf, the well-known target of Bmi1. Fetal liver cells with B cell–specific Bmi1 deletion failed to repopulate peritoneal B-1a cells, but not other B-2 lymphocytes after transplantation assays, suggesting that Bmi1 may be involved in the developmental process of B-1 progenitors to mature B-1a cells. Although Bmi1 deletion has also been shown to alter the microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells, fat-associated lymphoid clusters, the reported niche for B-1a cells, were not impaired in Bmi1−/− mice. RNA expression profiling suggested lysine demethylase 5B (Kdm5b) as another possible target of Bmi1, which was elevated in Bmi1−/− B-1a cells in a stress setting and might repress B-1a cell proliferation. Our work has indicated that Bmi1 plays pivotal roles in self-renewal and maintenance of fetal-derived B-1a cells.
WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR OPERATION IN RELATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY: PIRAPAMA RIVER BASIN (PERNAMBUCO-BRAZIL)
Authors: Bacalhau José Ráurium , Ribeiro Neto Alfredo , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima
Published: April 2020

The vulnearability of water resources systems is highly influenced by the climate variability of the region. The effects are amplified when the region has high population density and important economic activities such as the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR), whose population is 3.8 million inhabitants, corresponding to 51% of the urban population in Pernambuco State. The Pirapama reservoir was designed to produce 5.6 m3/s, which corresponds to 37% of the total water demand of the RMR. The objective of the paper is to define strategies for the Pirapama reservoir operation by using guide curves and taking into account the climate variability, particularly drought events, to minimize or even avoid the conditions of rationing and collapse of its storage. The rainfall-runoff model SMAP was used to simulate input streamflow in the period 1933-2014 and the water allocation model Acquanet was used to simulate the operation rules proposed. The guide curves were defined based on the Standard Runoff Index, which classify the input inflow in drought categories. For each drought category, a response goal was defined for withdrawal reduction. This strategy may be an efficient tool to deal with the climate variability present in Northeast Brazil, which can be amplified with the effects of the climate change. In this sense, the development of sustainable operation rules can be considered an adaptation measure for reducing the impacts of possible climate changes in the future.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF DRIVING CONDITIONS AND ON-ROAD EMISSIONS TRENDS FOR VEHICLES
Authors: Al-rifai Jawad Hilmi
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the impact of road grade, vehicle speed, number of vehicles and vehicle type on vehicle emissions. ANOVA analyses were conducted among different driving conditions and vehicle emissions to discover the significant effects of driving conditions on measured emission rates. This study is intended to improve the understanding of vehicle emission levels in Jordan. Gas emissions in real-world driving conditions were measured by a portable emissions measurement unit over six sections of an urban road. The road grade, speed, type and number of vehicles were found to have a significant influence on the rate of gas emissions. Road grade and diesel-fueled vehicles were positively correlated with average emission rates. The average emission rates were higher at speeds ranging between 60–69 km/hr than at three other speed ranges. The results of ANOVA showed a strong and consistent regression between rates of emissions measured and grade, speed and diesel vehicle parameters. The grade parameter contributed the most to the rate of emissions compared to other parameters. Gasoline vehicles contributed the least.
Perinatal lamb mortality - its investigation, causes and control
Authors: Haughey K. G.
Published: April 2020

Methods of investigating perinatal loss in grazing sheep flocks are reviewed and evaluated. The "wet-dry" method is the simplest method for assessing minimal prevalence, whereas the differences between the numbers of single and twin foetuses present at ultrasonic determination of litter size during pregnancy, and the numbers of single and twin lambs present at lamb-marking, is the most precise. The veterinary investigation of field mortality involves full autopsy of a representative sample of dead lambs, a history of prenatal nutrition, disease and husbandry, as well as a qualitative estimate of weather conditions over the period of lamb collection. Pathological processes may be identified in over 95% of deaths and the specific cause determined in about 75% of deaths. The identification of the specific causes in the remainder of deaths, all classified as the starvation-mismothering-exposure (SME) complex, requires intensive, costly, on-site observation, and physiological and biochemical assessment. The probable causes of these deaths include prenatal physiological handicaps resulting from placental insufficiency, aberrant parent-offspring behaviour, management-induced mismothering, misadventure, inadequate milk supply or teat and udder abnormalities, and cold-induced starvation. The gross pathology and pathophysiology of birth stress and the SME complex, which are associated with at least 80% of mortality, are summarised. Birth injury to the foetal central nervous system, characterised by cranial and spinal meningeal haemorrhage is exclusive to parturient deaths and the SME complex. Observed flock prevalences range from 81% to 100% in parturient deaths, and 20% to 57% in the SME complex. The high total prevalence and experimental evidence, indicate the major causal role of birth stress in the pathogenesis of these entities. Lethal congenital malformations, infections (both congenital and acquired after birth), trace element deficiencies and predation are reviewed as minor causes. The new understanding of the pathogenesis of perinatal lamb mortality, recognises the heritable nature of birth mass, maternal pelvic dimensions, parent-offspring behaviour, and the resistance of neonates to cold. Control measures need to incorporate selection for maternal rearing ability, further refinement of prenatal nutritional management of twin-bearing ewes, disease control, provision of shelter for lambing flocks, and avoidance of husbandry: practices which frustrate innate parent-offspring behaviour. A selection programme is summarised.
"Don't give me the theory, just tell me what to do in therapy!": The slippery slope challenge for the South African professions of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
Authors: Penn Claire
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
A place for mixed methodologies? Response to: The relevance of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Research and Practice - Challenges for the Professions
Authors: Singh Shajila
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
The Persistence of language Disorders in a Group of Disadvantaged Grade 3 Learners
Authors: Klop Daleen , Tuomi Seppo K.
Published: April 2020

A strong correlation between early language impairment and academic failure has been suggested by past research. This follow-up cohort study of 25 monolingual, disadvantaged grade 3 learners investigated whether the language impairments diagnosed in their preschool year were still evident after 3 years of school attendance, maturation and speech-language therapy. The results verified the persistence of preschool language impairments, which have been associated with poor reading and academic failure.
Die ervarings van jong volwassenes met kogleêre inplantings aangaande bimodale versterking
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Liani , Van Dijk Catherine
Published: April 2020

The main function of a cochlear implant is to optimise the auditory and communicative abilities of individuals with hearing loss. The use of a hearing aid in the non-implanted ear further optimises binaural hearing, which leads to improved sound localization, speech discrimination in noise and quiet surroundings, and refined sound quality. The goal of the study was to determine the experiences of young adults with cochlear implants regarding bimodal amplification. Considering that all age groups are implanted with cochlear implants and that binaural amplification is beneficial to all age groups, it is important that information on young adults also be included. This study addressed bimodal amplification in terms of auditory, communicative, and cosmetic aspects, and handling and care of apparatus. A qualitative, descriptive research design was employed, and questionnaires were completed by five clients who are part of the Pretoria Cochlear Implant Program. Three of the participants took part in the focus group discussion in support of the results taken from the completed questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that the participants experience bimodal amplification positively, especially in terms of auditory and everyday communicative functioning. The participants largely perceived cosmetic aspects, handling and care of apparatus negatively. The outcomes of the study can be used by audiologists in order to adequately inform and counsel candidates regarding bimodal amplification. Potential barriers can also be addressed appropriately.
The Development of a Zulu Speech Reception Threshold Test for Zulu First Language Speakers in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Panday Seema , Kathard Harsha , Pillay Mershen , Govender Cyril
Published: April 2020

The measurement of speech reception threshold (SRT) is best evaluated in an individual’s first language. The present study focused on the development of a Zulu SRT word list, according to adapted criteria for SRT in Zulu. The aim of this paper is to present the process involved in the development of the Zulu word list. In acquiring the data to realize this aim, 131 common bisyllabic Zulu words were identified by two Zulu speaking language interpreters and two tertiary level educators. Eighty two percent of these words were described as bisyllabic verbs. Thereafter using a three point Likert scale, 58 bisyllabic verbs were rated by 5 linguistic experts as being familiar, phonetically dissimilar and being low tone verbs. According to the Kendall’s co-efficient of concordance at 95% level of confidence the agreement among the raters was good for each criterion. The results highlighted the importance of adapting the criteria for SRT to suit the structure of the language. An important research implication emerging from the study is the theoretical guidelines proposed for the development of SRT material in other African Languages. Furthermore, the importance of using speech material appropriate to the language has also being highlighted. The developed SRT word list in Zulu is applicable to the adult Zulu First Language Speaker in KZN.
Fascismo Olímpico. Sobre la relación entre espectáculo deportivo y propaganda de masas
Authors: Méndez-Rubio Antonio , Lizaga Villarroya Javier
Published: April 2020

Frente a la reducción del fascismo a una época y en muchas ocasiones a un país (Alemania), se plantea si sus dispositivos culturales y estrategias comunicativas siguen vigentes, ya no como parte de un fascismo clásico, sino de equivalentes funcionales que conservan rasgos pragmáticos y condiciones sociales. Para ello, se analiza la construcción del imaginario fascista en el documental Olympia (1938) de Leni Riefenstahl, film referente del relato deportivo además de la propaganda nazi. Se plantea un análisis crítico en torno a los conceptos de líder y público. Se busca así establecer proyecciones a otras películas oficiales de Juegos Olímpicos modernos con la intención de cuestionar si existe un punto de contacto entre la cultura de masas, el fascismo y la propaganda. Queda identificada la superación de la relación mecánica entre el ideario y la imagen, las posibilidades propagandísticas de los códigos estéticos o documentales y la coincidencia de políticas comunicativas fascistas y contemporáneas.
Clics y comentarios como expresiones del dilema de intereses de los usuarios ante las noticias: el caso del agregador de noticias de lengua hispana Menéame
Authors: Zalbidea Bengoa Begoña , Urrutia Santiago , Camacho-Markina Idoia , Pastor González José María
Published: April 2020

Introducción. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la diversidad de intereses de los usuarios de las redes sociales identificando qué tipo de información visitan las audiencias y qué tipo de noticias comentan. Con este fin, se investigó la actividad de los usuarios del agregador de noticias en español de más éxito, la red social Menéame, examinando el comportamiento de la audiencia con respecto al contenido publicado en la red. Metodología. La investigación se llevó a cabo utilizando una muestra de 3.720 noticias seleccionadas al azar de un total de 51.520 artículos publicados en la portada de Menéame durante más de cinco años (2010-2015). Se analizó el número de visitas y comentarios que recibió cada ítem, y las dos variables, clics y comentarios, se relacionaron con el tipo de contenido y sus categorías temáticas. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que existe una clara oposición entre clics y comentarios en términos de tipos de contenido, con dos tendencias principales con respecto a las noticias duras y blandas. Por un lado, en promedio, estos últimos reciben casi 4.000 visitas más que los artículos de temática dura, que en promedio reciben alrededor de 5.500 clics. Sin embargo, las noticias duras tienden a provocar una mayor cantidad de comentarios que las noticias blandas. El promedio para el primero es de 66 comentarios, mientras que las noticias suaves reciben 10 menos (55,7). Discusión y conclusiones. Los datos sugieren que los clics y los comentarios expresan dos intereses principales de los usuarios frente a las noticias y que son opuestos y complementarios.
Plataforma de presencia virtual de bajo costo para personas con discapacidades motoras severas
Authors: Flores-Calero M. , Torres-Torriti M. , Retamales-Ortega F. , Rosas-Díaz F.
Published: April 2020

Debido a la falta de autonomía y a la dificultad en las interacciones sociales, las personas con discapacidades físicas, generalmente sufren de una calidad de vida disminuida. El siguiente documento describe el desarrollo de una plataforma móvil de bajo costo capaz de asistir a las personas con severas discapacidades motoras en diferentes interacciones sociales. La plataforma requiere una base móvil inalámbrica; adaptando dos dispositivos, una cámara y un rastreador ocular; adicionalmente se requiere un software que permite integrar todos los componentes para elaborar una aplicación fácil de usar. Luego, para validar la operación de la plataforma se realizaron varias pruebas, usando una metodología de medición de usabilidad, con diferentes usuarios dentro de un cierto rango de edad, con y sin discapacidades. En consecuencia, como primera instancia de validación, la plataforma de bajo costo cumple con la función esperada para la asistencia de interacción social de personas con discapacidad. Finalmente, al ser un diseño abierto y verificado su funcionamiento, toda la información necesaria para la construcción del aparato es de libre acceso, a través de la página electrónica del proyecto.
Campos de experiências e a BNCC: um olhar crítico
Authors: Pereira Fábio Hoffmann
Published: April 2020

O artigo apresentado inicia uma discussão sobre as bases conceituais dos Campos de Experiência, proposta que a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC traz como organização do currículo para a Educação Infantil. O texto passeia pela origem da proposta do trabalho fundado nas experiências das crianças a partir do conceito desenvolvido pelo filósofo John Dewey, passando pelas influências em outras propostas curriculares que serviram como modelo para o Brasil. O autor aponta a contradição entre a ideia original do trabalho com a metodologia de projetos da qual se pode inferir a organização curricular da educação infantil em torno de campos de experiência e a proposta apresentada pela BNCC, que traz uma lista de saberes que devem ser ensinados aos bebês e às crianças pequenas em cada faixa etária.
The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds
Authors: Pye Havala O. T. , Nenes Athanasios , Alexander Becky , Ault Andrew P. , Barth Mary C. , Clegg Simon L. , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L. , Fahey Kathleen M. , Hennigan Christopher J. , Herrmann Hartmut , Kanakidou Maria , Kelly James T. , Ku I-Ting , McNeill V. Faye , Riemer Nicole , Schaefer Thomas , Shi Guoliang , Tilgner Andreas , Walker John T. , Wang Tao , Weber Rodney , Xing Jia , Zaveri Rahul A. , Zuend Andreas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous
chemistry. In the atmosphere, the acidity of condensed phases (aerosol
particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the phase partitioning of
semivolatile gases such as HNO3, NH3, HCl, and organic acids and
bases as well as chemical reaction rates. It has implications for the
atmospheric lifetime of pollutants, deposition, and human health. Despite
its fundamental role in atmospheric processes, only recently has this field
seen a growth in the number of studies on particle acidity. Even with this
growth, many fine-particle pH estimates must be based on thermodynamic model
calculations since no operational techniques exist for direct measurements.
Current information indicates acidic fine particles are ubiquitous, but
observationally constrained pH estimates are limited in spatial and temporal
coverage. Clouds and fogs are also generally acidic, but to a lesser degree
than particles, and have a range of pH that is quite sensitive to
anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, as well as ambient
ammonia. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet pH has
changed in recent decades in response to controls on anthropogenic
emissions, while the limited trend data for aerosol particles indicate
acidity may be relatively constant due to the semivolatile nature of the
key acids and bases and buffering in particles. This paper reviews and
synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric
condensed phases, specifically particles and cloud droplets. It includes
recommendations for estimating acidity and pH, standard nomenclature, a
synthesis of current pH estimates based on observations, and new model
calculations on the local and global scale.
Investigating emission sources and transport of aerosols in Siberia using airborne and spaceborne LIDAR measurements
Authors: Zabukovec Antonin , Ancellet Gerard , Penner Iwan E. , Arshinov Mikhail , Kozlov Valery , Pelon Jacques , Paris Jean-Daniel , Kokhanenko Grigory , Balin Yuri S. , Chernov Dmitry , Belan Boris D.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Airborne backscatter lidar measurements at 532 nm were carried out over Siberia in July 2013 and June 2017. The Russian Tu-134 flew over major Siberian cities (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutsk), the gas flaring fields of the Ob valley and Siberian Taiga in order to sample several kinds of Siberian aerosol sources. Aerosol types are derived using the Lagrangian FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) simulations, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO total column and AOD at 10 μm. Forest fire detection is based on NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) from MODIS and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) observations and airborne in-situ measurements when available. Six aerosol type could be identified in this work: (i) Dusty aerosol mixture (ii) Ob valley industrial emission (iii) fresh boreal forest fire plumes (iv) aged forest fire plumes (v) pollution over the Tomsk/Novosibirsk region (vi) long range transport of Chinese pollution over Yakutsk. The backscatter to extinction ratio and then the corresponding lidar ratio (LR) were derived for each of these 6 identified aerosol type, using an iterative method based on the Fernald forward inversion constrained by the 10 km MODIS collection 6 AOD distribution closed to the airborne lidar observation. The LR analysis showed that the lowest LR range was obtained for the Dusty Mix case (26–40 sr) and the highest for the urban and industrial pollution from the Tomsk/Novosibirsk area (71–90 sr). The comparison is good with previous estimate of LR according to the aerosol classification. The range of lidar ratio obtained for gas flaring emission (43–60 sr) was lower than the high values encountered in the Tomsk/Novosibirk urban area and has never been characterized using lidar observations. Airborne lidar backscatter ratio vertical structure, aerosol types and integrated LR derived from the airborne data analysis were compared to nearby CALIOP overpasses. These comparisons showed three main differences with the CALIOP LR and aerosol type classification over Siberia: (i) CALIOP aerosol layer can be classified as Elevated smoke instead of Polluted continental and vice versa, but with little influence on the LR value (ii) aging and transport of aerosol layers effect on the CALIOP LR value is not always properly accounted for even when the CALIOP classification is correct (iii) the lack of discrimination between fresh and old fire plume leads to an overestimation of the optical depth for the fresh fires in the CALIOP AOD over the fire source region.
On the estimation of vertical air velocity and detection of atmospheric turbulence from the ascent rate of balloon soundings
Authors: Luce Hubert , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Vertical ascent rate VB of meteorological balloons
is sometimes used for retrieving vertical air velocity W, an important
parameter for meteorological applications, but at the cost of crude
hypotheses on atmospheric turbulence and without the possibility of formally
validating the models from concurrent measurements. From simultaneous radar
and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of turbulent kinetic energy
dissipation rates ε, we show that VB can be strongly
affected by turbulence, even above the convective boundary layer. For
“weak” turbulence (here ε≲10−4 m2 s−3), the
fluctuations of VB were found to be fully consistent with W
fluctuations measured by middle and upper atmosphere (MU) radar, indicating that an estimate of W can
indeed be retrieved from VB if the free balloon lift is determined. In
contrast, stronger turbulence intensity systematically implies an increase in VB, not associated with an increase in W according to radar data,
very likely due to the decrease in the turbulence drag coefficient of the
balloon. From the statistical analysis of data gathered from 376 balloons
launched every 3 h at Bengkulu (Indonesia), positive VB
disturbances, mainly observed in the troposphere, were found to be clearly
associated with Ri≲0.25, usually indicative of turbulence, confirming
the case studies. The analysis also revealed the superimposition of
additional positive and negative disturbances for Ri≲0.25 likely due to
Kelvin–Helmholtz waves and large-scale billows. From this experimental
evidence, we conclude that the ascent rate of meteorological balloons, with
the current performance of radiosondes in terms of altitude accuracy, can
potentially be used for the detection of turbulence. The presence of
turbulence complicates the estimation of W, and misinterpretations of
VB fluctuations can be made if localized turbulence effects are
ignored.
Rare earth elements in oyster shells: provenance discrimination and potential vital effects
Authors: Mouchi Vincent , Godbillot Camille , Forest Vianney , Ulianov Alexey , Lartaud Franck , de Rafélis Marc , Emmanuel Laurent , Verrecchia Eric P.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Rare earth elements (REEs) and yttrium in seawater
originate from atmospheric fallout, continental weathering, and transport
from rivers, as well as hydrothermal activity. Previous studies have reported the
use of REE and Y measurements in biogenic carbonates as a means to
reconstruct these surface processes in ancient times. As coastal seawater
REE and Y concentrations partially reflect those of nearby rivers, it may be
possible to obtain a regional fingerprint of these concentrations from
bivalve shells for seafood traceability and environmental monitoring
studies. Here, we present a dataset of 297 measurements of REE and Y abundances by laser ablation
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) from two species (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis). We measured a total of 49
oyster specimens from six locations in France (Atlantic Ocean and
Mediterranean Sea). Our study reports that there is no significant
difference in concentrations from shell parts corresponding to winter and
summer periods for both species. Moreover, interspecific vital effects are
reported from specimens from both species and from the same locality. REE
and Y profiles as well as t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding processing
(t-SNE; a discriminant statistical method) indicate that REE and Y measurements from C. gigas shells can be discriminated from one locality to another,
but this is not the case for O. edulis, which presents very similar concentrations in
all studied localities. Therefore, provenance studies using bivalve shells
based on REEs and Y have to first be tested for the species. Other methods
have to be investigated to be able to find the provenance of some species,
such as O. edulis.
Tree-ring based spring precipitation reconstruction in the Sikhote-Alin Mountain Range
Authors: Ukhvatkina Olga , Omelko Alexander , Kislov Dmitriy , Zhmerenetsky Alexander , Epifanova Tatyana , Altman Jan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Here, we present precipitation reconstructions based on tree rings from Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine) from three sites placed along latitudinal (330 km) gradient in Sikhote-Alin mountains, Russian Far East. The tree-ring width chronologies were built using standard tree-ring procedures. We reconstructed the April–June precipitation for the southern Sikhote-Alin (SSA), March–June precipitation for the central Sikhote-Alin (CSA) and March–July precipitation for the northwestern Sikhote-Alin (NSA) over the 1609 to 2013, 1804 to 2009 and 1858 to 2013, respectively. We found that an important limiting factor for Korean pine growth was precipitation within the period when the air current coming from the continent during the cold period is replaced with the impact of the wet ocean air current. We identified common wet years for SSA, CSA and NSA occurred in 1805, 1853, 1877, 1903, 1906, 1927, 1983, 2009 and common dry years occurred in 1821, 1869, 1919, 1949 and 2003. Our reconstructions have 3, 15 and 60 year periods and corresponds to influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the region's climate and relevant processes, respectively. Despite the impact of various global processes, the main contribution to precipitation formation in study area is still made by the Pacific Ocean, which determines their amount and periodicity.
Bayesian deconstruction of climate sensitivity estimates using simple models: implicit priors and the confusion of the inverse
Authors: Annan James D. , Hargreaves Julia C.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Observational constraints on the equilibrium climate sensitivity have been generated in a variety of ways, but a number of results have been calculated which appear to be based on somewhat informal heuristics. In this paper we demonstrate that many of these estimates can be reinterpreted within the standard subjective Bayesian framework in which a prior over the uncertain parameters is updated through a likelihood arising from observational evidence. We consider cases drawn from paleoclimate research, analyses of the historical warming record, and feedback analysis based on the regression of annual radiation balance observations for temperature. In each of these cases, the prior which was (under this new interpretation) implicitly used exhibits some unconventional and possibly undesirable properties. We present alternative calculations which use the same observational information to update a range of explicitly presented priors. Our calculations suggest that heuristic methods often generate reasonable results in that they agree fairly well with the explicitly Bayesian approach using a reasonable prior. However, we also find some significant differences and argue that the explicitly Bayesian approach is preferred, as it both clarifies the role of the prior and allows researchers to transparently test the sensitivity of their results to it.
The benefits to climate science of including early-career scientists as reviewers
Authors: Casado Mathieu , Gremion Gwenaëlle , Rosenbaum Paul , Caccavo Jilda Alicia , Aho Kelsey , Champollion Nicolas , Connors Sarah L. , Dahood Adrian , Fernandez Alfonso , Lizotte Martine , Mintenbeck Katja , Poloczanska Elvira , Fugmann Gerlis
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Early-career scientists (ECSs) are a large part of the workforce
in science. While they produce new scientific knowledge that they share in
publications, they are rarely invited to participate in the peer-review
process. Barriers to the participation of ECSs as peer reviewers include,
among other things, their lack of visibility to editors, inexperience in the
review process and lack of confidence in their scientific knowledge.
Participation of ECSs in group reviews, e.g. for regional or global
assessment reports, provides an opportunity for ECSs to advance their skill
set and to contribute to policy-relevant products. Here, we present the
outcomes of a group peer review of the First Order Draft of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). Overall, PhD students spent
more time on the review than those further advanced in their careers and
provided a similar proportion of substantive comments. After the review,
participants reported feeling more confident in their skills, and 86 %
were interested in reviewing individually. By soliciting and including ECSs
in the peer-review process, the scientific community would not only reduce
the burden carried by more established scientists but also permit their
successors to develop important professional skills relevant to advancing
climate science and influencing policy.
Near-global-scale high-resolution seasonal simulations with WRF-Noah-MP v.3.8.1
Authors: Schwitalla Thomas , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Wulfmeyer Volker , Resch Michael
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The added value of global simulations on the
convection-permitting (CP) scale is a subject of extensive research in the
earth system science community. An increase in predictive skill can be
expected due to advanced representations of feedbacks and teleconnections in
the ocean–land–atmosphere system. However, the proof of this hypothesis by
corresponding simulations is computationally and scientifically extremely
demanding. We present a novel latitude-belt simulation from 57∘ S
to 65∘ N using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Noah-MP model system with a grid increment
of 0.03∘ over a period of 5 months forced by sea surface
temperature observations. In comparison to a latitude-belt simulation with
45 km resolution, at CP resolution the representation of the
spatial-temporal scales and the organization of tropical convection
are improved considerably. The teleconnection pattern is very close to that
of the operational European Centre for Medium Range Weather
Forecasting (ECMWF) analyses. The CP simulation is associated with an
improvement of the precipitation forecast over South America, Africa, and
the Indian Ocean and considerably improves the representation of cloud
coverage along the tropics. Our results demonstrate a significant added
value of future simulations on the CP scale up to the seasonal forecast
range.
The first Met Office Unified Model–JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land configuration, RAL1
Authors: Bush Mike , Allen Tom , Bain Caroline , Boutle Ian , Edwards John , Finnenkoetter Anke , Franklin Charmaine , Hanley Kirsty , Lean Humphrey , Lock Adrian , Manners James , Mittermaier Marion , Morcrette Cyril , North Rachel , Petch Jon , Short Chris , Vosper Simon , Walters David , Webster Stuart , Weeks Mark , Wilkinson Jonathan , Wood Nigel , Zerroukat Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In this paper we define the first Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL) science configuration for kilometre-scale modelling using the Unified Model (UM) as the basis for the atmosphere and the Joint UK Land
Environment Simulator (JULES) for the land. RAL1 defines the science configuration of the dynamics and physics schemes of the atmosphere and
land. This configuration will provide a model baseline for any future weather or climate model developments to be described
against, and it is the intention that from this point forward significant changes to the system will be
documented in the literature. This reproduces the process used for global configurations of the UM,
which was first documented as a science configuration in 2011. While it is our goal to have a single
defined configuration of the model that performs effectively in all regions, this has not yet been
possible. Currently we define two sub-releases, one for mid-latitudes (RAL1-M) and one for tropical
regions (RAL1-T). The differences between RAL1-M and RAL1-T are documented, and where appropriate we define how the model
configuration relates to the corresponding configuration of the global forecasting model.
Satellite hydrology observations as operational indicators of forecasted fire danger across the contiguous United States
Authors: Farahmand Alireza , Stavros E. Natasha , Reager John T. , Behrangi Ali , Randerson James T. , Quayle Brad
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Traditional methods for assessing fire danger often depend on meteorological
forecasts, which have reduced reliability after ∼10 d.
Recent studies have demonstrated long lead-time correlations between
pre-fire-season hydrological variables such as soil moisture and later fire
occurrence or area burned, yet the potential value of these relationships for
operational forecasting has not been studied. Here, we use soil moisture
data refined by remote sensing observations of terrestrial water storage
from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and vapor pressure deficit from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
mission to generate monthly predictions of fire danger at scales
commensurate with regional management. We test the viability of predictors
within nine US geographic area coordination centers (GACCs) using regression
models specific to each GACC. Results show that the model framework improves
interannual wildfire-burned-area prediction relative to climatology for all
GACCs. This demonstrates the importance of hydrological information to
extend operational forecast ability into the months preceding wildfire
activity.
Evolución de la programación televisiva de debates y entrevistas ante la liberalización audiovisual en España (1980 – 2010).
Authors: Reguero-Sanz Itziar , Berdón-Prieto Pablo , García-Gil Samuel
Published: April 2020

La televisión en España cambió para siempre el 25 de enero de 1990 con la llegada a las pantallas de los primeros canales privados. Hasta ese momento, la actualidad televisiva había estado controlada casi en exclusiva por un Ente Público (RTVE). El objetivo principal de la investigación, por tanto, es conocer cómo la liberalización del mercado audiovisual influyó en la estrategia de programación de los principales programas de actualidad (debates y entrevistas). La metodología empleada se basa en la realización de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de las parrillas televisivas de España desde 1980 a 2010, así como el visionado de los espacios. Los resultados señalan cómo estos programas se convirtieron en pilares elementales de la estrategia programática en toda la etapa de estudio. Además, la irrupción de las privadas supuso un cambio en el enfoque de estos títulos y sirvió para popularizar la actualidad política entre la ciudadanía.
Hacia una caracterización de los modelos de programación y audiencia de las televisiones generalistas “locomotora” en el umbral del apagón analógico (2005-2010): análisis del caso español
Authors: Roel Marta
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se realiza una aproximación a los modelos de programación y audiencia de las principales cadenas de televisión generalistas españolas, a las que hemos denominado “generalistas locomotora”, en la etapa previa al apagón analógico. Este estudio nos ha permitido cuantificar y caracterizar sus perfiles de audiencia más representativos y detectar las principales tendencias de programación en este periodo histórico en el que concluye la Neotelevisión, tomando como base la nomenclatura de Kantar Media y su aceptación por parte de la población española. Todo ello con objeto de delimitar los rasgos específicos y diferenciales de estas cadenas.
Los programas informativos en la televisión generalista en España 2005-2010
Authors: Román-Portas Mercedes , García González Aurora , Feijóo Fernández Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Este artículo se centra en los informativos de televisión en el período comprendido entre 2005 y 2010. Durante aquellos años la idustria de la televisión vivió una transición hacia un modelo más competitivo, con más opciones de recepción y una audiencia más fragmentada. En la televisión generalista en abierto entraron dos nuevos competidores (Cuatro y La Sexta) y se prepararon dos fusiones: Cuatro y Telecinco formarían el grupo Mediaset España y Antena 3 TV y La Sexta constituirían el grupo Atresmedia. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de los programas informativos que integraron las parrillas de las cadenas nacionales generalistas. Para abordarlo se ha revisado la literatura académica pertinente, a la vez que se ha seguido una metodología cuantitativa.
La programación de series internacionales en la televisión generalista española (1990 - 2010)
Authors: Fernández-Ramírez Laura , McGowan Nadia
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación presenta un análisis cuantitativo de la programación de series internacionales en las cadenas generalistas españolas entre 1990 y 2010. Describe la nacionalidad, cadena de emisión original, formatos y series con mayor número de episodios emitidos y de mayor audiencia. También se determinan las tendencias de programación según formatos, temáticas y series en las distintas franjas horarias. En estos años, los formatos más emitidos y de mayor audiencia fueron las sitcoms y las series procedimentales de las networks estadounidenses. Las series internacionales tuvieron un papel esencial en el inicio de emisiones de las cadenas privadas (que las emplearon como producto de relleno) y fueron un valor seguro en el prime time. Las series estadounidenses permitieron a las cadenas generalistas diferenciar su oferta en un ecosistema televisivo de elevada competitividad.
La apuesta de Cuatro por la producción independiente (2005-2015)
Authors: González Aguilar Juan Manuel
Published: April 2020

Cuatro representó una de las últimas cadenas generalistas surgidas antes de la implantación definitiva de la Televisión digital Terrestre (TDT) en 2010. Su programación ofertó mayoritariamente producciones extranjeras de ficción, pero también emitió un buen número de producciones provenientes de empresas privadas españolas. Este artículo analiza la producción independiente emitida por Cuatro desde sus inicios en 2005 hasta 2015 y valora la repercusión de esta producción en la audiencia. De esta manera podrá demostrarse la importancia de la producción independiente para las estrategias de programación de Cuatro más allá de la compra de contenidos extranjeros. En concreto, se establecerán los géneros y programas que le otorgaron identidad propia a la cadena a través de un análisis de sus audiencias y tiempo de emisión.
La progresiva extinción del debate y su aparente resurrección vía formatos de telerrealidad en la programación televisiva española (2004-2019)
Authors: Gutiérrez Lozano Juan Francisco
Published: April 2020

Este artículo aborda la práctica desaparición de los formatos de debate clásico en la programación de las principales cadenas generalistas de la televisión en España en los últimos tres lustros. A partir de los antecedentes previos que la propia emisora pública RTVE llevó a cabo con anterioridad a la década de los noventa, así como de la proliferación de fórmulas espectaculares desde la aparición de las televisiones autonómicas y privadas, el texto intenta establecer una cronología de los hitos de programación que, entre 2004 y 2019 aproximadamente, han marcado esta extinción de los debates políticos y sociales racionales y profundos en las parrillas, pese a la aparente supervivencia y crecimiento de programas de intercambio dialógico. El repaso cronológico permite no solo constatar el predominio actual de las tertulias políticas, sino también la malversación del término "debate" en favor de géneros o contenidos procedentes de la telerrealidad.
Hermanas, amigas y compañeras en serie.
Authors: Ruiz Muñoz María Jesús , Pérez Rufí José Patricio
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación propone un análisis de aquellas producciones españolas de ficción seriada protagonizadas por mujeres de manera coral desde una perspectiva de género. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es localizar y catalogar las series corales femeninas producidas en España y emitidas entre 1990 y 2019 por la televisión pública estatal, los principales operadores de televisión privada en abierto y las plataformas VOD. En segundo lugar, queremos analizar la evolución de este tipo de series en función de sus características formales y de los elementos narrativos que definen los personajes femeninos protagonistas representados. Para la consecución de estos objetivos, en el diseño de este estudio se han combinado metodologías de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados muestran una evolución que va de la comedia y una representación estereotipada de las mujeres a series más variadas con una configuración más compleja de sus protagonistas femeninas.
La producción de programas musicales en la televisión pública española (1990-2010)
Authors: Guerrero Pérez Enrique , Diego Patricia
Published: April 2020

Este artículo tiene como objeto ofrecer un recorrido por la historia de la producción de los programas musicales en la televisión pública española durante el periodo 1990-2010. Con esta finalidad, se ha consultado el archivo histórico digital de Radio Televisión Española como fuente primaria. A continuación, se ha completado la información con el análisis de fuentes secundarias como las secciones televisivas de la prensa nacional, publicaciones especializadas en televisión y bases de datos online como IMDb. Siguiendo un método de investigación inductivo, las conclusiones derivadas del estudio cronológico de los datos confirman las hipótesis planteadas. Primero, que el género musical ha sufrido un proceso de transformación al hibridarse con otros tipos de contenidos como las variedades, el concurso o la telerrealidad, dando como resultado el talent show contemporáneo. Y segundo, que la oferta de musicales de la televisión pública española no difiere en gran medida de la programada por los principales operadores privados, especialmente en la franja de máxima audiencia, dado su carácter comercial. La apuesta de TVE por el talent show musical ha sido determinante en la evolución del género musical en la televisión española.