bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Gilgamesh’s quest for immortality to everlasting cloud hyper-collective mind: ethical implications for artificial intelligence
Authors: Anderlini Deanna , Agnati Luigi , Guidolin Diego , Marcoli Manuela , Woods Amina S. , Maura Guido
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to explore the possibility of human beings reaching a virtual form of immortality.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is an investigation of the path from an early example of human knowledge to the birth of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots. A critical analysis of different point of views, from philosophers to scientists, is presented.

Findings

From ancient rock art paintings to the moon landing, human knowledge has made a huge progress to the point of creating robots resembling human features. While these humanoid robots can successfully undertake risky tasks, they also generate ethical issues for the society they interact with.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is conceptual, and it does attempt to provide one theory by which human beings can achieve the dream of immortality. It is part of a work in progress on the use of AI and the issues related to the creation/use of humanoid robots in society.

Originality/value

This paper provides an overview of some of the key issues and themes impacting our modern society. Its originality resides in the linking of human knowledge to collective knowledge and then of collective mind to the hyper-collective mind. The idea of humans reaching immortality is burdened by the imperative need to define ethical guidelines for the field of AI and its uses.
The algorithmic persuasion framework in online communication: conceptualization and a future research agenda
Authors: Zarouali Brahim , Boerman Sophie C. , Voorveld Hilde A.M. , van Noort Guda
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to introduce a comprehensive and dynamic framework that focuses on the role of algorithms in persuasive communication: thealgorithmic persuasion framework(APF).

Design/methodology/approach

In this increasingly data-driven media landscape, algorithms play an important role in the consumption of online content. This paper presents a novel conceptual framework to investigate algorithm-mediated persuasion processes and their effects on online communication.

Findings

The APF consists of five conceptual components:input, algorithm, persuasion attempt, persuasion process and persuasion effects. In short, it addresses how data variables are inputs for different algorithmic techniques and algorithmic objectives, which influence the manifestations of algorithm-mediated persuasion attempts, informing how such attempts are processed and their intended and unintended persuasive effects.

Originality/value

The paper guides future research by addressing key elements in the framework and the relationship between them, proposing a research agenda (with specific research questions and hypotheses) and discussing methodological challenges and opportunities for the future investigation of the framework.
Minimum wage and employment: a gender perspective for Mauritius
Authors: Dreepaul-Dabee Varuna , Tandrayen-Ragoobur Verena
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the employment effect of the minimum wage in Mauritius, a country that has recently introduced an economy-wide national minimum wage. As women have low labor force participation rate and higher unemployment rate compared to men, this study sheds light on the impact of the national minimum wage on male and female employment.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework based on the labor–leisure model of Blundell et al. (2007) incorporating the minimum wage as an important variable influencing the employment decision of the individual serves as the methodological backdrop of this paper. It applies the difference-in-difference estimation technique and uses micro data from the Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey for the period 2017–2019.

Findings

The results show that minimum wage has a significant negative impact on overall employment. With the imposition of the national minimum wage, the probability that an individual, currently earning less than the minimum wage, remains employed is 0.525 lower than that of a worker earning above the minimum wage level. Moreover, using sex-disaggregated data, the analysis demonstrates the negative employment effects of the minimum wage adversely impact women more than men.

Originality/value

This is a first attempt to estimate the effect of the newly introduced national minimum wage on employment in Mauritius. While the effects of a minimum wage vary across different segments of the economy, this study adopts a gender perspective by comparing the impact of the minimum wage on male and female employment.
Blended learning and working options in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Because blended working options have emerged and varied technological devices are being used during lockdowns, it is necessary to examine the working and learning options in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pros and cons of hybrid (blended) working and learning are highlighted.

Design/methodology/approach

An extended search of literature online, and also of examples of blended learning and working instituted in some libraries, archives and museums was carried out over a period of three weeks.

Findings

Findings indicated that adjustments to the hybrid working and learning situations had to be made by staff and students in heritage institutions. Provision of more digital content and the adoption of machine learning models were the solutions proffered, with indications that the tools for the blended learning implementation be provided. Reskilling of staff due to new technologies being introduced is recommended.

Originality/value

Solutions to blended learning and blended working scenarios are provided, giving pointers to online links for added information.
Performance measurement in a Lean organization: the case of the Wiremold company
Authors: Grasso Lawrence
Published: February 2022

Theoretical basis

Critical analysis of observed practice.

Research methodology

Field study.

Learning outcomes

To expose accounting and MBA students to Lean management and the performance measures that support Lean management by presenting a case of a comprehensive and very successful Lean transformation; to give accounting and MBA students the opportunity to construct a strategy map and a balanced scorecard based on a rich case description; and to critically assess the suitability of balanced scorecards for a company that embraces Lean management.

Case overview/synopsis

The case describes a comprehensive transformation from conventional management to Lean management and business practices, with an emphasis on the largely non-financial performance measures used to support the transformation. Around the time of the Lean transformation, the balanced scorecard, a multi-dimensional measurement approach, was introduced to address the problems of excessive reliance on financial performance measures. Students are asked to compare and contrast Wiremold’s approach to the balanced scorecard.

Complexity academic level

Graduate or upper level undergraduate courses in cost accounting, managerial accounting and strategic management.
A district magistrate’s call on a disaster warning: paranoid or pragmatic?
Authors: Varma Harikrishnan Ramesh , Kakani Ram Kumar
Published: February 2022

Theoretical basis

This case uses two key theoretical notions for discussion and analysis: Policy-trade off model by Deborah Stone is adapted to the context of decision-making during the cyclone warning [Stone, Deborah. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision-Making. Third, New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2012.]. The critical success factors in disaster response- John R. Harrald’s five-stage framework is applied to analyse Case B. [Harrald, John R. “Agility and Discipline: Critical Success Factors for Disaster Response:” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 8 September 2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716205285404.].

Research methodology

This case is written with the information collected through interviews, over three months from March 2020, with Ms Ranjana Chopra (Indian Administrative Services), a senior civil servant working for the Government of Odisha, who was associated with the event in the case. Secondary sources, including newspaper reports and meteorological bulletins from the Indian Meteorological Department, is also made use of.

Case overview/synopsis

Anupama Gowda was the District Magistrate of Kalinga in the state of Odisha, in the Eastern coast of the Indian peninsula. In April 2019, when the meteorological department issued a cyclone warning, she had to take a call on how to go ahead. Her team did not seem too enthused as Kalinga was away from the coast and meteorological warnings were taken as routine. The case discusses Gowda’s dilemma on whether to push for full-fledged preparations or a limited preparation at least or leave it laissez-faire. She made the decision by 24th April and “what happened” serve as Case B.

Complexity academic level

This case is intended to cover two key competencies: decision-making in ambiguity for public service professionals or bureaucrats and disaster response within a limited time period and resources. This case is useful for undergraduate-level foundational courses with decision-making under ambiguity as a component; in management, public policy and public administration disciplines. Executive training or short-term courses for early-career public service professionals (with no solid background in management/policy theory) on decision-making at the local administration level.
Pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal outcomes in women with inherited bleeding disorders: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Clarke Lisa , Curnow Jennifer , Cutts Briony , Ross Bryony , Kidson‐Gerber Giselle
Published: February 2022

Objective

To describe the characteristics and outcomes of women with inherited bleeding disorder during pregnancy and birth.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care hospitals, New South Wales and Victoria, Australia.

Population

One hundred women with inherited bleeding disorders, who birthed 134 live infants from 132 pregnancies.

Methods

Data were retrospectively obtained from the patient and neonatal medical records. Descriptive analysis was used to report maternal and pregnancy characteristics and birth and neonatal outcomes.

Main outcome measures

Factor replacement, neuraxial analgesia use and complications, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and neonatal complications.

Results

PPH occurred in 22% of deliveries with primary PPH occurring in 20% and secondary PPH in 2% of births; 48% of PPH were classified as major. PPH occurred across the spectrum of inherited bleeding disorders and was evenly distributed between women who had ‘normalised’ (46%) their factor levels in pregnancy compared with those requiring factor at the time of birth (50%). An obstetric cause was identified in almost half of PPH (46%). Neuraxial analgesia was administered in 40% of births without complication and refused in 3% of births despite documented adequate haemostatic potential.

Conclusions

Women with inherited bleeding disorders can deliver safely and receive neuraxial analgesia without complication when best practices are adhered to. PPH appears to occur at higher rates than in the general population despite adequate factor levels or planned replacement. Although an obstetric cause was demonstrable in the many cases, these findings raise concern over the current definition of ‘adequate’ factor levels at the time of birth.

Tweetable abstract

Women with inherited bleeding disorders can deliver without complication when best practices are maintained.
Two sides of the same personality coin: An opportunity to refocus (un)ethical analysis
Authors: Gamble Edward N. , Christensen Anne L.
Published: February 2022

Prior ethics studies highlight the importance of understanding positive or negative leader personality characteristics to improve organizational outcomes. However, few studies combine both positive and negative leader personality characteristics, to unpack and guide ethics theorizations. This lack of methodological balance restricts how we perceive leader ethics, our understandings of organizational experiences, and therefore, our awareness of governance approaches. This study challenges the dominant ethics scholarly orthodoxy—which focuses on positive or negative leader characteristics—by combining self‐determination theory and the Dark Triad perspective, to explore the plurality of ethical dimensions within organizational leadership. A case example is provided to highlight the need for this methodological awareness and four avenues of engagement are discussed to improve future organizational governance and ethics scholarship.
Spätmanifeste Kalzinose in Brandnarben: Eine Literaturübersicht und zwei Fallberichte
Authors: Róbert Lili , Kuroli Eniko˝ , Bottlik Gyula , Hidvégi Bernadett
Published: February 2022

Calcinosis cutis, die heterotope Ablagerung von Kalziumsalzen in der Haut, wurde in einigen Fällen als spät auftretende Komplikation von Brandnarben beschrieben. Sie unterscheidet sich diesbezüglich von heterotoper Ossifikation, die eine früh einsetzende Komplikation von Brandverletzungen sein kann. Die Diagnose einer Kalzinose kann radiographisch, sonographisch, computertomographisch, magnetresonanztomographisch oder histologisch bestätigt werden. Nahezu alle Fälle einer spätmanifesten Kalzinose bei Brandnarben imponieren als nicht heilendes Ulkus an den unteren Extremitäten in der Nähe der Kontrakturbänder. Es wird diskutiert, dass diese Lokalisation auf die häufigeren Mikrotraumen an den unteren Extremitäten zurückzuführen ist, und dass die Ulzeration aufgrund der Kalziumablagerungen als Fremdkörper auftritt. In unserer Studie betrug das Durchschnittsalter zum Zeitpunkt der Brandverletzung 12,5 ± 8,27 Jahre und die Kalzinose entwickelte sich im Mittel nach einer Zeitspanne von 37,5 ± 14,95 Jahren (das Durchschnittsalter bei Beginn war 50,5 ± 14,53 Jahre). Es gab keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Brandnarben, die mittels Hauttransplantation behandelt wurden, und solchen, bei denen keine Hauttransplantation durchgeführt wurde. Die Ulzera verheilten nach Resektion oder Extraktion der Ablagerungen ohne Rezidiv an derselben Stelle. Im Gegensatz zu früher gemeldeten Fällen beobachteten wir zwei Fälle einer spät einsetzenden Kalzinose ohne Ulzeration bei Brandnarben an den oberen Extremitäten.
Winners and losers in a changing climate: how will protected areas conserve red list species under climate change?
Authors: Hoveka Lerato N. , van der Bank Michelle , Davies T. Jonathan
Published: February 2022

Aim

A fundamental challenge to protected area‐based conservation is that protected areas are typically established under assumptions of environmental stationarity. With a rapidly changing climate, this assumption of stationarity is violated, and climate change could push some species beyond the bounds of currently protected areas. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of protected areas in conserving threatened plant biodiversity under future climate projections.

Location

South Africa.

Methods

We use ensemble species distribution modelling to map the projected distribution of South Africa's ~1200 threatened endemic plant species under present‐day and projected climate scenarios for 2050. We quantify the performance of the existing protected area network by examining changes in the relative proportion of species’ projected geographic extents within protected areas. We then examine whether current IUCN Red List status is a good predictor of climate ‘winners’ and 'losers.'

Results

We find that 56%–66% of species may have a greater proportion of their projected range extent falling within protected areas in 2050 under climate scenarios of mitigated and upsurge greenhouse gas emissions (Representative Concertation Pathways 4.5 and 8.5). However, this increase in the proportion of range protected is frequently associated with range contraction outside of protected areas. We also show that current threat intensity is not a good indicator of which species will lose versus gain increased protection.

Main conclusions

Our results suggest that the existing reserve network is surprisingly robust to projected range shifts; however, we also identify regions where species protection needs to be improved. In addition, we suggest that there is an urgent need to better incorporate future climate threats into the assessment of species extinction risks.
Tumor feeding artery contraction and metastasis inhibition after transarterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Cao Yanyan , Kan Xuefeng , Chen Lei , Sun Tao , Ouyang Tao , Zhang Weihua , Xiong Fu , Liang Bin , Zheng Chuansheng
Published: February 2022

Aim

To investigate the change of tumor feeding artery diameter and the efficacy of metastasis inhibition after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib or TACE monotherapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who without metastasis.

Materials and methods

A total of 616 consecutive patients who received the treatment of TACE‐apatinib or TACE in our center was enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce bias. The overall survival (OS), OS‐after‐metastasis (OSM), time to progression (TTP), time to metastasis (TTM), time to vessel or organ metastasis (TVOM), time to lymph node metastasis, and tumor feeding artery diameter between the two treatment groups were compared.

Results

A total of 113 pairs of patients were eligible after the PSM. Time to lymph node metastasis between the two groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The tumor feeding artery diameter was significantly smaller after TACE‐apatinib management (P < 0.001). Median OS (P < 0.001) and OSM (P < 0.001) were significantly longer in the TACE‐apatinib group compared with the TACE group. Median TTP (P < 0.001), TTM (P < 0.001), and TVOM (P < 0.001) were significantly prolonged in TACE‐apatinib group.

Conclusion

TACE‐apatinib treatment could improve the prognosis compared with TACE alone, and inhibit metastasis after TACE procedure with contracted tumor feeding artery for advanced HCCs without metastasis.
Academic familism and disciplinary cohesion in higher education: The case of the educational administration field in Turkey
Authors: Gokturk Duygun
Published: February 2022

It has been known for some time that academic researchers are subject to diverse relations of production that influence the direction and ultimately the value of their scientific work. In this context, this study examines how the field of educational administration is practiced at higher education institutions in Turkey, how these practices have become socially integrated over the years and how a structurally cohesive core characterizes the discipline's research activity. The study reviews 609 doctoral dissertations concerning educational administration from a longitudinal perspective (1988 to 2020) using a two‐tier theoretical path: the role of academic familism and disciplinary cohesion in the field. The findings reveal that academic familism and disciplinary cohesion are interrelated and interdependent. Together they impact the formation of monolithic gendered, epistemic, and academic communities, consolidate gendered and monolithic academic networking, and limit cross‐disciplinary interaction in the educational administration field.
Between the convention and conventional practice: Israeli social workers' recommendations regarding the legal capacity of people with disabilities
Authors: Holler Roni , Werner Shirli
Published: February 2022

Background

Following the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (CRPD), various countries have recently amended their legal capacity laws with the aim of restricting the use of guardianship and increasing the use of other, less restrictive practices, mainly supported decision making. As social workers have a key role in carrying out these reforms, this study examines how Israeli social workers make legal capacity‐related decisions.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews with 27 Israeli social workers.

Results

Thematic analysis identified three factors driving social workers' recommendations regarding guardianship and supported decision‐making: the person's diagnosis and functioning level, and the presence of a supportive family. A fourth factor, the person's preferences, played a complex and more limited role.

Conclusions

Many changes have yet to be made to fully apply the support paradigm in Israel, since social workers still tend to base their recommendations on factors not fully aligned with the CRPD.
Non‐invasive optical coherence tomography angiography: A comparison with fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in normal adult dogs and cats
Authors: Occelli Laurence M. , Pirie Chris G. , Petersen‐Jones Simon M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

While the retinal vasculature can be assessed by simple funduscopy, a more detailed assessment can be performed by conventional angiography using dyes such as fluorescein or indocyanine green. The development of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) allows a non‐invasive detailed examination of posterior segment vasculature. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare imaging of posterior segment vasculature in normal dogs and cats using OCT‐A, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Methods

Eight adult funduscopically normal dogs and 13 funduscopically normal cats were included in the study. Retinal vasculature was assessed by OCT‐A followed by ICGA then FA. Regular fundus imaging was also performed.

Results

High‐resolution images of the different vascular layers within the retina and choroid could be acquired using OCT‐A in both dogs and cats. The technique provided more detail than obtained with FA/ICGA. However, artifacts/errors can occur during OCT‐A image acquisition/analysis/interpretation and must be considered. Furthermore, OCT‐A only allows for a limited field of view compared to FA/ICGA.

Conclusions

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a new non‐invasive posterior segment imaging technique that is complementary to traditional dye‐based angiographic techniques. Detailed imaging of the dog and cat posterior segment can be achieved under general anesthesia. OCT‐A provides additional detail of the vasculature and can clearly demonstrate the anatomical depth of the imaged vessels. There are, however, some limitations to this new technique that may be overcome by future technological advances.
Effect of Surface Finish on the Fatigue Strength of Titanium Alloys RC 130B and Ti 140A
Authors: Sinclair G. M. , Corten H. T. , Dolan T. J.
Published: February 2022

An investigation was made of the effect of various surface-finishing operations on the fatigue strength of two titanium alloys, RC 130B and Ti 140A. The types of finish studied included rough-machined, machined and mechanically polished, cold-rolled electropolished, and ground surfaces. Through the use of microhardness measuring techniques it was found that the different finishing methods introduced varying degrees and varying depths of cold work in the surface layers of the metal. Cold-rolling produced the highest hardness in the surface layer while grinding gave the lowest value; in one case the ground surface appeared to be slightly softer than the inner core metal. In general, the fatigue strength for lifetimes exceeding 2 × 107 cycles was found to vary according to the hardness of the surface layer with the highest hardness corresponding to the greatest fatigue strength. Roughness of the surface was also found to influence fatigue strength but to a much lesser degree than hardness. As a first approximation the relationship between surface hardness, surface roughness, and fatigue strength could be expressed by an equation of the form Z = KX−a Yb where Z is fatigue limit, X is surface roughness, Y is hardness, and K, a, and b are constants of the material. Data from the present study were evaluated in terms of this equation and the results are presented in the form of a nomograph. Results of tests made on notched specimens appear to indicate that titanium is less notch-sensitive in fatigue than was previously reported. Early reports of extreme notch sensitivity may have resulted from comparisons made between notched and smooth specimens having quite different surface preparations in the test section.
Temperature Distribution in the Journal-Bearing Lubricant Film
Authors: Purvis M. B. , Meyer W. E. , Benton T. C.
Published: February 2022

The equations for the adiabatic temperature distribution in the journal bearing are obtained for both the infinite bearing and the short bearing. The solutions are obtained by treating viscosity and density as functions of temperature. The solution shows that the lubricant temperature increases as it flows through the bearing and that the temperature rises as long as the film remains continuous. Since the film becomes discontinuous shortly after the point of minimum film thickness, the point of minimum film may be taken as the point of maximum temperature. A numerical example showing comparison with experimental data is presented.
The Unsteady Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
Authors: Cheng Sin-I , Elliott David
Published: February 2022

The problem of a semi-infinite flat plate started initially from rest in an incompressible fluid with an arbitrary velocity without flow reversal is considered in this paper. In reference (1) the unsteady laminar boundary layer on a semi-infinite flat plate started to move with a velocity proportional to tn, where n is positive, is analyzed in detail. It is shown that a solution, constructed from the leading edge and properly continued into the far downstream region of the leading edge, possesses the proper limiting behavior that either at small t or in the far downstream region the flow field is substantially independent of x and is given by the Rayleigh-type solution. This solution also possesses the proper behavior at very large times. In view of the fact that serious difficulties have been encountered in trying to perturb the Rayleigh-type solution either to obtain solutions in the upstream region or to obtain solutions valid at large times, it is of interest to see whether the method of constructing the unsteady laminar boundary-layer solution as shown in reference (1) can be applied to arbitrary plate velocity and still lead to solutions with proper limiting behavior. This is found to be so if the plate was started initially from rest. In particular, the limiting form of the results for large t produces a solution for the motion of an oscillating plate in a uniform stream. This is of interest at least in so far as the theoretical results can be checked by experiment, not mentioning its connection with a number of practical problems. The effects of compressibility have been considered briefly with Howarth’s transformation in reference (2). Unfortunately, the simple energy integrals of Busemann and of Crocco when Pr = 1 cannot be extended to unsteady flow with physically sensible thermal condition on the plate. It seems that the temperature field would be better determined numerically for each specific example in question and is omitted from the present paper.
On the Changing Size Spectrum of Particle Clouds Undergoing Evaporation, Combustion, or Acceleration
Authors: Shapiro A. H. , Erickson A. J.
Published: February 2022

A theoretical treatment is given showing how the size distribution of a cloud of particles changes as the result of evaporation, combustion, or acceleration. The general differential equation governing the concentration of particles as a function of size, position, and time is formulated for one-dimensional duct-type flows. Solutions to the differential equation are then obtained for a number of special problems of interest to evaporation and combustion. When molecular transfers control, the equivalent mean diameter for evaporation or combustion of drops is found to be approximately constant with time. This suggests that the conventional model of a constant number of uniform drops of varying size be replaced by a new model having a varying number of uniform drops of constant size. The new model predicts a lower rate of evaporation or combustion than the conventional model.
Fluid Transport Mechanisms in Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Molho Joshua I. , Herr Amy E. , Kenny Thomas W. , Mungal M. Godfrey , Deshpande Manish , Gilbert John R. , Garguilo Michael G. , Paul Phillip H. , St. John Pamela M. , Woudenberg Timothy M. , Connell Charles
Published: February 2022

Most microfluidic systems rely on one of two manners of fluid transport: pressure-driven or electrokinetically-driven flow. This investigation focuses on describing these flows in microfabricated channels and small diameter capillary tubes. Flow characterization is accomplished by interrogation of micron-scale fluid regions through a powerful, non-intrusive flow imaging technique. Interesting phenomena have been observed from these detailed examinations. Our results are presented in conjunction with an evaluation of mechanisms that potentially explain observed deviations from the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. In particular, we show that observed perturbations of electrokinetic flow in open capillaries might be caused by induced pressure gradients. We also show how these induced pressure gradients may globally perturb the flow in an electrokinetically-driven microfluidic system.
Challenging Issues in Microelectromechanical Systems
Authors: Komvopoulos K.
Published: February 2022

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field dealing with the design and manufacturing of miniaturized micromachines using mainly semiconductor technology. Recent demands have led to the integration of electrical, mechanical, optical, fluidic, thermal, and biological microdevices into versatile microsystems capable of performing complex sensing, control, and computing functions. While significant opportunities exist for MEMS, early indications suggest that a large number of challenging issues are presently preventing the evolution of MEMS from the laboratory to the application world. The objective of this article is to consider some of the important surface science issues in MEMS and the nature of microscopic processes occurring at micromachine interfaces during fabrication and operation.
Liquid Mass Flow Sensor Using Dynamic Pressure Detection
Authors: Ashauer M. , Glosch H. , Ashauer H. , Sandmaier H. , Lang W.
Published: February 2022

We are reporting on a new application of state of the art silicon pressure sensors in measurement of volume flows. Due to small sensor dimensions and suitable device passivation, the sensor element can be placed right in the flowing medium and detect the liquid dynamic pressure. First prototypes are being evaluated by various industrial companies.
Fabrication of sub-micrometer 3D structures for terahertz oscillators by electron beam gray-tone lithography
Authors: Bezhko Mikhail , Suzuki Safumi , Iino Shota , Asada Masahiro
Published: February 2022

More and more novel applications are appearing in the almost-unexplored-up-to-recent-times frequency range of around 0.3–3 terahertz (THz), where sub-millimeter radio waves meet far-infrared optical waves. Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) are considered one of the promising compact and coherent room temperature signal sources for terahertz applications. In this work, the fabrication process and fabrication challenges for an RTD THz oscillator with a cylindrical resonant cavity are discussed. Successful fabrication of 3D metallic structures with a height of 2–5 μm and a feature size down to 0.5 μm was achieved by combining the traditional trilayer resist process with the dose-modulated (gray-tone) electron-beam (EB) lithography process. It was shown that two-step EB exposure could be used in thick (>2.4 μm) PMMA resist to achieve predictable and controllable fabrication of V-shaped metallic structures with lateral sizes down to 0.5 μm. Applicability of the described fabrication approach was proven by the measurement of oscillation characteristics for the fabricated RTD THz oscillators. Successful operation of the RTD oscillator devices confirms good electrical contact between the top contact of the RTD mesa structure and the RTD pillar structure as well as between the resonant cavity and antenna parts. The fabrication approach described in this work allowed us to eliminate parasitic capacitance formed around RTD mesa in the first fabrication trial and achieve a frequency increase of up to 200 GHz for RTD THz oscillators operating at frequencies 1.5–1.7 THz. The described fabrication approach may also be applicable for the fabrication of 3D metallic structures with a feature size less than 0.5 μm and a height more than 2 μm with EB energies above 50 keV.
Assembly principle of a membrane-anchored nuclear pore basket scaffold
Authors: Cibulka Jakub , Bisaccia Fabio , Radisavljević Katarina , Gudino Carrillo Ricardo M. , Köhler Alwin
Published: February 2022

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are membrane-embedded gatekeepers of traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Key features of the NPC symmetric core have been elucidated, but little is known about the NPC basket, a prominent structure with numerous roles in gene expression. Studying the basket was hampered by its instability and connection to the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Here, we reveal the assembly principle of the yeast NPC basket by reconstituting a recombinant Nup60-Mlp1-Nup2 scaffold on a synthetic membrane. Nup60 serves as the basket’s flexible suspension cable, harboring an array of short linear motifs (SLiMs). These bind multivalently to the INM, the coiled-coil protein Mlp1, the FG-nucleoporin Nup2, and the NPC core. We suggest that SLiMs, embedded in disordered regions, allow the basket to adapt its structure in response to bulky cargo and changes in gene expression. Our study opens avenues for the higher-order reconstitution of basket-anchored NPC assemblies on membranes.
Ultrahigh-temperature granites and a curious thermal eye in the post-collisional South Bohemian batholith of the Variscan orogenic belt (Europe)
Authors: Finger Fritz , Schiller David , Lindner Martin , Hauzenberger Christoph , Verner Kryštof , Žák Jiří
Published: February 2022

Comprehensive zircon thermometry that takes into account zircon saturation temperatures, Ti-in-zircon measurements, and zircon morphologies and microstructures can provide key information on the thermal evolution of a granite batholith. The Variscan South Bohemian batholith (Germany, Austria, and Czech Republic) comprises a series of granitoid units that intruded between ca. 330 and ca. 300 Ma. We categorize the granitic rocks according to their emplacement temperature into very low temperature (T) (VLT; <750 °C), low T (LT; 750–800 °C), medium T (MT; 800–850 °C), high T (HT; 850–900 °C), and ultrahigh T (UHT; >900 °C). The first stage of batholith formation (ca. 330–325 Ma) is characterized by LT to MT melting of mainly metasedimentary sources driven by their isothermal exhumation. In turn, ca. 322 Ma HT and UHT granites in the southern half of the batholith reveal an ephemeral thermal anomaly in the subbatholithic crust, which is presumably linked to a hidden mafic intrusion. The HT and UHT granites are weakly peraluminous, high-K, I-type rocks. Although sharing some features with A-type granites such as high Zr and rare earth element contents, they differ from classical A-type granites in being magnesian, not enriched in Ga over Al, and having high Ba and Sr contents. A ring structure of ca. 317 Ma MT and/or LT plutons is observed around the HT and/or UHT granite complex and interpreted as an aftermath of the hotspot event. This study is an example of how deep-crustal hotspots, presumably caused by mantle magmatism, can significantly enhance the effects of decompressional crustal melting in a post-collisional setting.
Supplemental Material: Constraints on the timescales and processes that led to high-SiO2 rhyolite production in the Searchlight pluton, Nevada, USA
Authors: Eddy M.P. , al. et
Published: February 2022

Figures and tables.
Impact of a personalised, digital, HIV self-testing app-based program on linkages and new infections in the township populations of South Africa
Authors: Pai Nitika , Esmail Aliasgar , Saha Chaudhuri Paramita , Oelofse Suzette , Pretorius Marietjie , Marathe Gayatri , Daher Jana , Smallwood Megan , Karatzas Nicolaos , Fadul Mohammed , de Waal Anna , Engel Nora , Zwerling Alice Anne , Dheda Keertan
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Implementation data for digital unsupervised HIV self-testing (HIVST) are sparse. We evaluated the impact of an app-based, personalised, oral HIVST program offered by healthcare workers in Western Cape, South Africa.

Methods

In a quasirandomised study (n=3095), we recruited consenting adults with undiagnosed HIV infection from township clinics. To the HIVST arm participants (n=1535), we offered a choice of an offsite (home, office or kiosk based), unsupervised digital HIVST program (n=962), or an onsite, clinic-based, supervised digital HIVST program (n=573) with 24/7 linkages services.

With propensity score analyses, we compared outcomes (ie, linkages, new HIV infections and test referrals) with conventional HIV testing (ConvHT) arm participants (n=1560), recruited randomly from geographically separated clinics.

Results

In both arms, participants were young (HIVST vs ConvHT) (mean age: 28.2 years vs 29.2 years), female (65.0% vs 76.0%) and had monthly income <3000 rand (80.8% vs 75%).

Participants chose unsupervised HIVST (62.7%) versus supervised HIVST and reported multiple sex partners (10.88% vs 8.7%), exposure to sex workers (1.4% vs 0.2%) and fewer comorbidities (0.9% vs 1.9%). Almost all HIVST participants were linked (unsupervised HIVST (99.7%), supervised HIVST (99.8%) vs ConvHT (98.5%)) (adj RR 1.012; 95% CI 1.005 to 1.018) with new HIV infections: overall HIVST (9%); supervised HIVST (10.9%) and unsupervised HIVST (7.6%) versus ConvHT (6.79%) (adj RR 1.305; 95% CI 1.023 to 1.665); test referrals: 16.7% HIVST versus 3.1% ConvHT (adj RR 5.435; 95% CI 4.024 to 7.340).

Conclusions

Our flexible, personalised, app-based HIVST program, offered by healthcare workers, successfully linked almost all HIV self-testers, detected new infections and increased referrals to self-test. Data are relevant for digital HIVST initiatives worldwide.
Fidelity, tolerability and safety of acute high-intensity interval
training after hospitalisation for COVID-19: a randomised cross-over
trial
Authors: Foged Frederik , Rasmussen Iben Elmerdahl , Bjørn Budde Josephine , Rasmussen Rasmus Syberg , Rasmussen Villads , Lyngbæk Mark , Jønck Simon , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Lindegaard Birgitte , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Berg Ronan Martin Griffin , Christensen Regitse Højgaard
Published: February 2022

Objectives. Many patients with COVID-19 suffer from persistent symptoms,
many of which may potentially be reversed by high-intensity interval
training (HIIT). Yet, the safety and tolerability of HIIT after COVID-19 is
controversial. This study aimed to investigate the fidelity, tolerability
and safety of three different HIIT protocols in individuals that had
recently been hospitalised due to COVID-19.

Methods. The study was a randomised cross-over trial. We compared three
supervised HIIT protocols (4×4, 6×1, 10-20-30) in 10 individuals recently
discharged after hospitalisation for severe COVID-19. Each HIIT protocol had
a duration of 38 min and was performed with a 1-week washout between them.
Outcomes included adverse events, exercise training intensity and
tolerability assessed by the Likert scale (1–10).

Results. All 10 participants aged 61 (mean, SD 8) years (5 males)
completed all three HIIT protocols with no adverse events. High intensities
were achieved in all three protocols, although they differed in terms of
time spent with a heart rate ≥85% of maximum (mean (SD); 4×4: 13.7 (6.4)
min; 10-20-30: 12.1 (3.8) min; 6×1: 6.1 (5.6) min; p=0.03). The three
protocols were all well tolerated with similar Likert scale scores (mean
(SD); 4×4: 8 (2), 10-20-30: 8 (2), 6×1: 9 (2), p=0.72).

Conclusion. Our findings indicate that recently hospitalised individuals
for severe COVID-19 may safely tolerate acute bouts of supervised HIIT as
per protocol. This warrants future studies testing the potential of regular
HIIT as a rehabilitation strategy in this context.
Lymphoma complicating rheumatoid arthritis: results from a French
case–control study
Authors: Kedra Joanna , Seror Raphaele , Dieudé Philippe , Constantin Arnaud , Toussirot Eric , Kfoury Elias , Masson Charles , Cornec Divi , Dubost Jean Jacques , Marguerie Laurent , Ottaviani Sebastien , Grados Franck , Belkhir Rakiba , Fain Olivier , Goupille Philippe , Sordet Christelle , Fautrel Bruno , Philippe Peggy , Piperno Muriel , Combe Bernard , Lambotte Olivier , Richez Christophe , Sellam Jérémie , Sené Thomas , Denis Guillaume , Lequerre Thierry , Lazure Thierry , Mariette Xavier , Nocturne Gaetane
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To study the characteristics of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
or Hodgkin lymphoma complicating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to
identify RA-related factors associated with their occurrence.

Methods

A multicentre case–control study was performed in France. Cases were
patients with RA fulfilling ACR-EULAR 2010 criteria in whom B-cell NHL
or Hodgkin lymphoma developed after the diagnosis of RA. For each case,
2 controls were assigned at random from the ESPOIR cohort and were
matched on age at lymphoma diagnosis (cases)/age at the 10-year
follow-up visit in the cohort (controls). Case and control
characteristics were compared to identify parameters associated with the
occurrence of lymphoma.

Results

54 cases were included and matched to 108 controls. Lymphomas were
mostly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n=27, 50.0%). On
immunochemistry, 4 of 27 (14.8%) lymphoma cases were positive for
Epstein-Barr virus. On univariate analysis, factors associated with the
occurrence of lymphoma were male sex (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 6.7),
positivity for ACPA (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 15.7) and rheumatoid factor
(OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 12.2), and erosions on radiographs (OR 3.8, 95%
CI 1.7 to 8.3) and DAS28 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.7), both at the time
of matching. Methotrexate, TNF blockers and a number of previous
biologics were not associated with the occurrence of lymphoma. On
multivariable analysis, erosions and DAS28 remained significantly
associated with increased risk of lymphoma.

Conclusion

Lymphomas complicating RA are mostly DLBCL. Risk of lymphoma in
patients with RA was increased with markers of disease activity and
severity, which supports the paradigm of a continuum between
autoimmunity and lymphomagenesis in RA.
Regional liquefaction-induced ground displacement predictions for Canada using 5th Generation NBCC Seismic Hazard Model
Authors: Jadhav Prajakta R. , Wijewickreme Dharma
Published: February 2022

Significant regions of Canada are seismically active, and areas underlain by loose, saturated sediments in these regions are expected to experience liquefaction-induced lateral spread permanent ground displacements (PGDs) under earthquake shaking. The empirical predictive equations are commonly used for estimating the PGDs especially when detailed numerical analyses are not undertaken. The key input parameters for these equations comprise earthquake magnitude (M) and source distance (R), along with geotechnical and topographic parameters; however, there is ambiguity over choosing appropriate site-specific values of M and R. The current study predicts PGD probabilistic hazard curves that are applicable for locations in southwestern and southeastern regions of Canada using a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) framework. This was achieved by embedding two relevant empirical models for predicting lateral spread PGDs (replacing the ground motion prediction equations) within the 2015 National Building Code of Canada framework that is currently available in OpenQuake platform. Moreover, deaggregation analyses have been performed to understand the M and R contributions from different seismic sources on the predicted site-specific hazard. The developed PGD curves can be readily adopted for estimating site-specific lateral spread PGD demand as input to performance-based design of structures in seismically active areas of Canada.
Keyword-Covered Group Enlargement Community Search
Authors: Song Xiaoxu , Zhang Zhigao , Song Fanfei , Wang Bin
Published: February 2022

The goal of community search across attributed graphs is to locate the community that takes both attribute cohensiveness and constrained structure into account. The keyword closeness of subgraph is usually measured by similarity distance. However, existing works focus on how to find a community that has most relevant to the keywords of the query vertex through the similarity score, whereas we pay more attention to a community that can jointly cover keywords and find subgraph with the maximum core. To address this problem, we propose a novel query keyword-covered group enlargement community search [Formula: see text]. Given an initial subgraph and a set of query keywords, the [Formula: see text] search aims to find the community which satisfies the following conditions: (1) it jointly covers all query keywords; (2) it is a subgraph with the maximum core; (3) it is added the minimum vertex set that meets the conditions (1) and (2). We design a baseline enumerateKGEC algorithm ([Formula: see text]), which enumerates all the vertex combinations that cover the remaining query keywords. To further accelerate the search speed, we propose two heuristic algorithms candidate set-based algorithm [Formula: see text] and candidate set and keyword combination algorithm [Formula: see text], which can effectively speed up the search and find a feasible solution. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our algorithms on two real datasets and show effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms for [Formula: see text] problem.
The Capture and Evaluation System of Student Actions in Physical Education Classroom Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Li , Sengan Sudhakar , Manivannan P.
Published: February 2022

Socially, politically, and morally, the world of sport is still changing. On the other hand, technology has been the most prevalent transition in the sport over the last century. Thanks to modern science, athletes can now go higher, run quicker, and, most importantly, remain healthy. Although academics, agencies, and policymakers had already urged physical education teachers to use technology in their classrooms, in many of these situations, technology is used for administrative purposes, including tracking enrolment and measuring, documenting, and reporting students’ work. Thus, this paper suggests an intelligent Student Actions Evaluation System using Deep Learning (iSAES-DL)for student monitoring in physical education. This model uses the deep convolution neural network for the classification of risky actions. This model further evaluates the learners’ degree of learning, retention, and achievements and suggests improvements and corrective measures. It highlights the benefits, uses, and limitations of applying deep learning techniques and IoT devices to develop learning analytics systems in the physical, educational domain. Eventually, output criteria such as comprehension, concentration, retention, and learner attainment are given a feature-by-feature analysis of the proposed methodology and traditional teaching-learning approaches. Finally, the classification algorithm is contrasted to other deep learning algorithms with an F1-score of 97.86%.