bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Reaction Dynamics
Authors: Levine Raphael D.
Published: December 2009

Molecular reaction dynamics is the study of chemical and physical transformations of matter at the molecular level. The understanding of how chemical reactions occur and how to control them is fundamental to chemists and interdisciplinary areas such as materials and nanoscience, rational drug design, environmental and astrochemistry. This book provides a thorough foundation to this area. The first half is introductory, detailing experimental techniques for initiating and probing reaction dynamics and the essential insights that have been gained. The second part explores key areas including photoselective chemistry, stereochemistry, chemical reactions in real time and chemical reaction dynamics in solutions and interfaces. Typical of the new challenges are molecular machines, enzyme action and molecular control. With problem sets included, this book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as being supplementary to chemical kinetics, physical chemistry, biophysics and materials science courses, and as a primer for practising scientists.
The Spiritual Dimension
Authors: Cottingham John
Published: December 2009

The Spiritual Dimension offers a new model for the philosophy of religion, bringing together emotional and intellectual aspects of our human experience, and embracing practical as well as theoretical concerns. It shows how a religious worldview is best understood not as an isolated set of doctrines, but as intimately related to spiritual praxis and to the search for self-understanding and moral growth. It argues that the religious quest requires a certain emotional openness, but can be pursued without sacrificing our philosophical integrity. Touching on many important debates in contemporary philosophy and theology, but accessible to general readers, The Spiritual Dimension covers a range of central topics in the philosophy of religion, including scientific cosmology and the problem of evil; ethical theory and the objectivity of goodness; psychoanalytic thought, self-discovery and virtue; the multi-layered nature of religious discourse; and the relation between faith and evidence.
Realism and Christian Faith
Authors: Moore Andrew
Published: December 2009

The question of realism - that is, whether God exists independently of human beings - is central to much contemporary theology and church life. It is also an important topic in the philosophy of religion. This book discusses the relationship between realism and Christian faith in a thorough and systematic way and uses the resources of both philosophy and theology to argue for a Christocentric narrative realism. Many previous defences of realism have attempted to model Christian belief on scientific theory but Moore argues that this comparison is misleading and inadequate on both theological and philosophical grounds. In dialogue with speech act theory and critiques of realism by both non-realists and Wittgensteinians, a new account of the meaningfulness of Christian language is proposed. Moore uses this to develop a regulative conception of realism according to which God's independent reality is shown principally in Christ and then through Christian practices and the lives of Christians.
Thought and World
Authors: Hill Christopher S.
Published: December 2009

There is an important family of semantic notions that we apply to thoughts and to the conceptual constituents of thoughts - as when we say that the thought that the Universe is expanding is true. Thought and World presents a theory of the content of such notions. The theory is largely deflationary in spirit, in the sense that it represents a broad range of semantic notions - including the concept of truth - as being entirely free from substantive metaphysical and empirical presuppositions. At the same time, however, it takes seriously and seeks to explain the intuition that there is a metaphysically or empirically 'deep' relation (a relation of mirroring or semantic correspondence) linking thoughts to reality. Thus, the theory represents a kind of compromise between deflationism and versions of the correspondence theory of truth. This book will appeal to students and professionals interested in the philosophy of logic and language.
Pursuing Equal Opportunities
Authors: Jacobs Lesley A.
Published: December 2009

Pursuing equality is an important challenge for any modern democratic society but this challenge faces two sets of difficulties: the theoretical question of what sort of equality to pursue and for whom; and the practical question concerning which legal and political institutions are the most appropriate vehicles for implementing egalitarian social policy and thus realizing egalitarian justice. This book offers original and innovative contributions to the debate about equality of opportunity. The first part of the book sets out a theory of equality of opportunity that presents equal opportunities as a normative device for the regulation of competition for scarce resources. The second part shifts the focus to the consideration of the practical application by courts or legislatures or public policy makers of policies for addressing racial, class or gender injustices. The author examines standardized tests, affirmative action, workfare, universal health-care, comparable worth, and the economic consequences of divorce.
The Creativity of God
Authors: Davies Oliver
Published: December 2009

We have, as a theological community, generally lost a language in which to speak of the created-ness of the world. As a consequence, our discourses of reason cannot bridge the way we know God and the way we know the world. Therefore, argues Oliver Davies, a primary task of contemporary theology is the regeneration of a Christian account of the world as sacramental, leading to the formation of a Christian conception of reason and a new Christocentric understanding of the real. Both the Johannine tradition of creation through the Word and a Eucharistic semiotics of Christ as the embodied, sacrificial and creative speech of God serve the project of a repairal of Christian cosmology. The world itself is viewed as a creative text authored by God, of which we as interpreters are an integral part. This is a wide-ranging and convincing book that makes an important contribution to modern theology.
The Archaeology of Micronesia
Authors: Rainbird Paul
Published: December 2009

This was the first book-length archaeological study of Micronesia, a collection of island groups in the Western Pacific Ocean. Drawing on a wide range of archaeological, anthropological and historical sources, the author explores the various ways that the societies of these islands have been interpreted since European navigators first arrived there in the sixteenth century. Considering the process of initial colonisation on the island groups of Marianas, Carolines, Marshalls and Kiribati, he examines the histories of these islands and explores how the neighbouring areas are drawn together through notions of fusion, fluidity and flux. The author places this region within the broader arena of pacific island studies and addresses contemporary debates such as origins, processes of colonisation, social organisation, environmental change and the interpretation of material culture. This book will be essential reading for any scholar with an interest in the archaeology of the Pacific.
Faith, Reason and the Existence of God
Authors: Turner Denys
Published: December 2009

The proposition that the existence of God is demonstrable by rational argument is doubted by nearly all philosophical opinion today and is thought by most Christian theologians to be incompatible with Christian faith. This book argues that, on the contrary, there are reasons of faith why in principle the existence of God should be thought rationally demonstrable and that it is worthwhile revisiting the theology of Thomas Aquinas to see why this is so. The book further suggests that philosophical objections to proofs of God's existence rely upon an attenuated and impoverished conception of reason which theologians of all monotheistic traditions might wish to reject. Denys Turner proposes that on a broader and deeper conception of it, human rationality is open to the 'sacramental shape' of creation as such and in its exercise of rational proof of God it in some way participates in that sacramentality of all things.
Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa
Authors: Bratton Michael , Mattes Robert , Gyimah-Boadi E.
Published: December 2009

This book is a fascinating exploration of public opinion in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the Afrobarometer, a comprehensive cross-national survey research project, it reveals what ordinary Africans think about democracy and market reform, subjects on which almost nothing is otherwise known. The authors find that support for democracy in Africa is wide but shallow and that Africans feel trapped between state and market. Beyond multiparty elections, people want clean and accountable government. They will accept economic structural adjustment only if it is accompanied by an effective state, the availability of jobs, and an equitable society. What are the origins of these attitudes? Far from being constrained by social structure and cultural values, Africans learn about reform on the basis of knowledge, reasoning, and experience. Weighing supply and demand for reform, the authors reach cautious conclusions about the varying prospects of African countries for attaining fully-fledged democracy and markets.0
The Ascetic Self
Authors: Flood Gavin
Published: December 2009

This 2004 book is about the ascetic self in the scriptural religions of Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism. The author claims that asceticism can be understood as the internalisation of tradition, the shaping of the narrative of a life in accordance with the narrative of tradition that might be seen as the performance of the memory of tradition. Such a performance contains an ambiguity or distance between the general intention to eradicate the will, or in some sense to erase the self, and the affirmation of will in ascetic performance such as weakening the body through fasting. Asceticism must therefore be seen in the context of ritual. The book also offers a paradigm for comparative religion more generally, one that avoids the inadequate choices of either examining religions through overarching categories on the one hand and the abandoning of any comparative endeavour that focuses purely on area-specific study on the other.
Trust and Rule
Authors: Tilly Charles
Published: December 2009

Rightly fearing that unscrupulous rulers would break them up, seize their resources, or submit them to damaging forms of intervention, strong networks of trust such as kinship groups, clandestine religious sects, and trade diasporas have historically insulated themselves from political control by a variety of strategies. Drawing on a vast range of comparisons over time and space, Trust and Rule, first published in 2005, asks and answers how and with what consequences members of trust networks have evaded, compromised with, or even sought connections with political regimes. Since different forms of integration between trust networks produce authoritarian, theocratic, and democratic regimes, the book provides an essential background to the explanation of democratization and de-democratization.
The Bad Citizen in Classical Athens
Authors: Christ Matthew R.
Published: December 2009

This book provides a fresh perspective on Athenian democracy by exploring bad citizenship, both as a reality and an idea, in classical Athens, from the late sixth century down to 322. If called upon, Athenian citizens were expected to support their city through military service and financial outlay. These obligations were fundamental to Athenian understandings of citizenship and it was essential to the city's well-being that citizens fulfill them. The ancient sources, however, are full of allegations that individuals have avoided these duties or performed them deficiently. Claims of draft evasion, cowardice on the battlefield, and avoidance of liturgies and the war tax are common. By examining the nature and scope of bad citizenship in Athens and the city's responses - institutional and ideological - to the phenomenon, this study aims to illuminate the relationship between citizen and city under the Athenian democracy, and more broadly, the tension between private interests and public authority in human societies.
Rebuilding Leviathan
Authors: Grzymala-Busse Anna
Published: December 2009

Why do some governing parties limit their opportunistic behaviour and constrain the extraction of private gains from the state? This analysis of post-communist state reconstruction provides surprising answers to this fundamental question of party politics. Across the post-communist democracies, governing parties have opportunistically reconstructed the state - simultaneously exploiting it by extracting state resources and building new institutions that further such extraction. They enfeebled or delayed formal state institutions of monitoring and oversight, established new discretionary structures of state administration, and extracted enormous informal profits from the privatization of the communist economy. By examining how post-communist political parties rebuilt the state in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia, Grzymala-Busse explains how even opportunistic political parties will limit their corrupt behaviour and abuse of state resources when faced with strong political competition.
Postcolonial English
Authors: Schneider Edgar W.
Published: December 2009

The global spread of English has resulted in the emergence of a diverse range of postcolonial varieties around the world. Postcolonial English provides a clear and original account of the evolution of these varieties, exploring the historical, social and ecological factors that have shaped all levels of their structure. It argues that while these Englishes have developed new and unique properties which differ greatly from one location to another, their spread and diversification can in fact be explained by a single underlying process, which builds upon the constant relationships and communication needs of the colonizers, the colonized, and other parties. Outlining the stages and characteristics of this process, it applies them in detail to English in sixteen different countries across all continents as well as, in a separate chapter, to a history of American English. Of key interest to sociolinguists, dialectologists, historical linguists and syntacticians alike, this 2007 book provides a fascinating new picture of the growth and evolution of English around the globe.
Outer Circles
Authors: Marden A.
Published: December 2009

We live in a three-dimensional space; what sort of space is it? Can we build it from simple geometric objects? The answers to such questions have been found in the last 30 years, and Outer Circles describes the basic mathematics needed for those answers as well as making clear the grand design of the subject of hyperbolic manifolds as a whole. The purpose of Outer Circles is to provide an account of the contemporary theory, accessible to those with minimal formal background in topology, hyperbolic geometry, and complex analysis. The text explains what is needed, and provides the expertise to use the primary tools to arrive at a thorough understanding of the big picture. This picture is further filled out by numerous exercises and expositions at the ends of the chapters and is complemented by a profusion of high quality illustrations. There is an extensive bibliography for further study.
Social Philosophy after Adorno
Authors: Zuidervaart Lambert
Published: December 2009

Lambert Zuidervaart examines what is living and what is dead in the social philosophy of Theodor W. Adorno, the most important philosopher and social critic in Germany after World War II. When he died in 1969, Adorno's successors abandoned his critical-utopian passions. Habermas in particular, rejected or ignored Adorno's central insights on the negative effects of capitalism and new technologies upon nature and human life. Zuidervaart reclaims Adorno's insights from Habermasian neglect while taking up legitimate Habermasian criticisms. He also addresses the prospects for radical and democratic transformations of an increasingly globalized world. The book proposes a provocative social philosophy 'after Adorno'.
A Practical Introduction to the Simulation of Molecular Systems
Authors: Field Martin J.
Published: December 2009

Molecular simulation is a powerful tool in materials science, physics, chemistry and biomolecular fields. This updated edition provides a pragmatic introduction to a wide range of techniques for the simulation of molecular systems at the atomic level. The first part concentrates on methods for calculating the potential energy of a molecular system, with new chapters on quantum chemical, molecular mechanical and hybrid potential techniques. The second part describes methods examining conformational, dynamical and thermodynamical properties of systems, covering techniques including geometry-optimization, normal-mode analysis, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo simulation. Using Python, the second edition includes numerous examples and program modules for each simulation technique, allowing the reader to perform the calculations and appreciate the inherent difficulties involved in each. This is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students wanting to know how to use atomic-scale molecular simulations. Supplementary material, including the program library and technical information, available through www.cambridge.org/9780521852524.
Neorealism, States, and the Modern Mass Army
Authors: Resende-Santos Joao
Published: December 2009

Examines why countries imitate the military systems of one another. A book of theory and history, it builds on and extends the most influential theory in international relations - neorealism. It offers an alternative account for emulation and convergence in the international system. It explains why states make certain choices in how to organize, prepare, and fight wars, and how international structures shape their choices. The work develops a neglected area of neorealism, applies it in new ways, widens its explanatory scope, and offers three rich - and uncommon - historical cases based on archival research.
Socratic Epistemology
Authors: Hintikka Jaakko
Published: December 2009

Most current work in epistemology deals with the evaluation and justification of information already acquired. In this book, Jaakko Hintikka instead discusses the more important problem of how knowledge is acquired in the first place. His model of information-seeking is the old Socratic method of questioning, which has been generalized and brought up-to-date through the logical theory of questions and answers that he has developed. Hintikka also argues that philosophers' quest for a definition of knowledge is ill-conceived and that the entire notion of knowledge should be replaced by the concept of information. He offers an analysis of the different meanings of the concept of information and of their interrelations. The result is a new and illuminating approach to the field of epistemology.
Quantum Measurement
Authors: Braginsky Vladimir B. , Khalili Farid Ya , Thorne Kip S.
Published: December 2009

This book is an up-to-date introduction to the quantum theory of measurement, a fast developing field of intense current interest to scientists and engineers for its potential high technology applications. It is also a subject of importance to students for its central role in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Although the main principles of the field were elaborated in the 1930s by Bohr, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, von Neumann and Mandelstam, it was not until the 1980s that technology became sufficiently advanced to allow its application in real experiments. Quantum measurement is now central to many ultra-high technology developments, such as squeezed light, single atom traps, and searches for gravitational radiation. It is also considered to have great promise for computer science and engineering, particularly for its applications in information processing and transfer. The book contains a pedagogical introduction to the relevant theory written at a level accessible to those with only a modest background in quantum mechanics. It then goes on to discuss aspects of the design of practical quantum measurement systems. This book is essential reading for all scientists and engineers interested in the potential applications of technology near the quantum limit. It will also serve as an ideal supplement to standard quantum mechanics textbooks at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level.
Principles of Modern Technology
Authors: Melissinos Adrian C.
Published: December 2009

The late twentieth century is undoubtedly the age of technology. Each technological development leads to more sophisticated devices and further scientific advances. Because of the pace of change, it is difficult to obtain a broad overview of the way fundamental science is linked to its everyday applications. Principles of Modern Technology describes the physical principles on which modern technology is based. Four primary areas have been singled out: computers and microelectronics, communications, nuclear energy and space flight. Each topic is treated in a way that gives the reader an insight into the underlying physics which makes the technology possible as well as the orders of magnitude involved. Based on a course taught at the University of Rochester, the book will be useful both as a textbook for courses in applied physics and engineering and as a reference book. It will be of interest to undergraduates taking introductory physics courses and anyone interested in modern technology.
Faces of Intention
Authors: Bratman Michael E.
Published: December 2009

This collection of essays by one of the most prominent and internationally respected philosophers of action theory is concerned with deepening our understanding of the notion of intention. In Bratman's view, when we settle on a plan for action we are committing ourselves to future conduct in ways that help support important forms of coordination and organization both within the life of the agent and interpersonally. These essays enrich that account of commitment involved in intending, and explore its implications for our understanding of temptation and self-control, shared intention and shared cooperative activity, and moral responsibility. The essays offer extensive discussions of related views by, among others, Donald Davidson, Hector-Neri Castañeda, Christine Korsgaard, Harry Frankfurt, and P. F. Strawson. This collection will be a valuable resource for a wide range of philosophers and their students.
The Empire Project
Authors: Darwin John
Published: December 2009

The British Empire, wrote Adam Smith, 'has hitherto been not an empire, but the project of an empire' and John Darwin offers a magisterial global history of the rise and fall of that great imperial project. The British Empire, he argues, was much more than a group of colonies ruled over by a scattering of British expatriates until eventual independence. It was, above all, a global phenomenon. Its power derived rather less from the assertion of imperial authority than from the fusing together of three different kinds of empire: the settler empire of the 'white dominions'; the commercial empire of the City of London; and 'Greater India' which contributed markets, manpower and military muscle. This unprecedented history charts how this intricate imperial web was first strengthened, then weakened and finally severed on the rollercoaster of global economic, political and geostrategic upheaval on which it rode from beginning to end.
Reading Roman Comedy
Authors: Sharrock Alison
Published: December 2009

For many years the domain of specialists in early Latin, in complex metres, and in the reconstruction of texts, Roman comedy is now established in the mainstream of Classical literary criticism. Where most books stress the original performance as the primary location for the encountering of the plays, this book finds the locus of meaning and appreciation in the activity of a reader, albeit one whose manner of reading necessarily involves the imaginative reconstruction of performance. The texts are treated, and celebrated, as literary devices, with programmatic beginnings, middles, ends, and intertexts. All the extant plays of Plautus and Terence have at least a bit part in this book, which seeks to expose the authors' fabulous artificiality and artifice, while playing along with their differing but interrelated poses of generic humility.
Welcoming What Comes: Sovereignty and Revolution in the Colonial Philippines
Authors: Rafael Vicente L.
Published: December 2009

After more than three hundred years of colonial rule, Filipinos began a revolution against the Spanish empire in August of 1896. By June of 1898, revolutionary forces had managed to overwhelm the Spaniards who were already reeling from the destruction of their navy in the initial days of their war with the United States and had been fatally weakened by the decade-long revolution in Cuba. In the Philippines, a Revolutionary government was formed under the dictatorship of Emilio Aguinaldo. It declared independence, convened a convention to write a constitution and briefly succeeded in forming a Republic led by the wealthiest men of the archipelago by January of 1899. But by February, Filipinos were engulfed in a new war against an emergent U.S. empire that was to last through much of the first decade of the twentieth century, leading to U.S. colonization of the Philippines until 1941.
Medical Modernization and Medical Nationalism: Resistance to Mass Tuberculosis Vaccination in Postcolonial India, 1948–1955
Authors: McMillen Christian W. , Brimnes Niels
Published: December 2009

In the fifteen years following World War II more was done to combat tuberculosis than at any other time in world history. On every continent, hundreds of millions received the BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guérin) vaccine and millions more benefited from newly discovered antibiotics. TB research and attempts to control the disease knit together disparate populations and places as a network of experts and a matrix of ideas spread out across the globe linking the world through a common vaccine, a battery of antibiotics, and a knowledge network. Medicine became internationalized as organizations like the WHO and UNICEF began to see diseases as global problems and not solely the concern of individual countries.
Retrospective Sex: Rewriting Intersexuality in Jeffrey Eugenides's Middlesex
Authors: CARROLL RACHEL
Published: December 2009

This article examines the representation of intersexuality in Jeffrey Eugenides's Pulitzer Prize-winning 2002 novel Middlesex. It situates the depiction of intersexuality within the context of current scholarship on sexed identity within the field of gender and sexuality studies. It argues that while a fictional focus on ambiguously sexed identity might appear to be aligned with queer critiques of fixed categories of “sex,” Eugenides's narrative remains implicated in heteronormative assumptions. More specifically, it will explore the narrative strategies which frame Calliope Stephanides's intersexed body, focussing on the relationship between the male-identified adult Cal, “author” of this fictional autobiography, and his remembered teenage girl self. It will suggest that the retrospective logic at work in this narrative is complicit in a heteronormative temporality which reinforces the causal relationship between sex, gender and sexuality which queer theorists have sought to interrogate.
Relationship between virulence factor genes in bovineStaphylococcus aureussubclinical mastitis isolates and binding to anti-adhesin antibodies
Authors: Scarpa Melania , Piccinini Renata , Brun Paola , Grillo Alessia , Palù Giorgio , Mengoli Carlo , Daprà Valentina , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Zecconi Alfonso
Published: December 2009

Staphylococcus aureusis the most common aetiologic agent of contagious bovine mastitis. It is characterized by a wide array of virulence factors. The differences among strains jeopardize the development of effective vaccines againstStaph. aureusmastitis. We tested the immunogenicity of a peptide subunit vaccine coding for three different adhesion factors, fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb), fibronectin-binding protein A (FnbpA) and clumping factor A (ClfA). Then we evaluated the influence of some virulence factors on the ability of specific anti-adhesin antibodies to react with sixteenStaph. aureusstrains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. Immunization with the recombinant adhesins stimulated a strong humoural (IgG and IgA) and mucosal IgA immune response in all animals tested. Hyperimmune serum recognized with diverse efficiency the sixteenStaph. aureusstrains and this circumstance correlated well with the level of expression of adhesins. Among the different virulence factors considered to classify strains,spagene polymorphisms showed the strongest influence on isolate reactions to hyperimmune serum. Our results indicate the importance of a disease- and environment-specific analysis of isolates. Thus, as opposed to other pathogens to obtain an effective vaccine we should characterize multiple strains and identify the prevalent virulence factors expressed.
Why we need apocalyptic
Authors: Lowe Walter
Published: December 2009

The thesis of this article is that an appropriate apocalyptic is remarkably pertinent, perhaps essential, in addressing certain theological challenges of our time. What an appropriate understanding of apocalyptic might be will, I trust, emerge with discussion; clarifying the contemporary challenges will be the first concern. Once that is done, the argument will proceed through two steps or concepts: first, the issue of concreteness and second, a concept I will call ‘contextualisation’. These steps establish the connection between the challenges and apocalyptic. I conclude by sketching some implications. Throughout, the article is guided by an ongoing conversation with Karl Barth, especially II/1 of theChurch Dogmatics.
Preface
Authors: Pocock Nicholas
Published: December 2009

MY attention was first drawn to Harpsfield's narrative of the Divorce by my friend the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, who mentioned to me some years ago the manuscript copy of it in the Grenville Library in the British Museum. Some time afterwards I made a few extracts from it, thinking it worth while to make known by publication the important parts of it which bear upon the history of the period, but I had no idea of publishing the whole document, and indeed had thought little more about the matter till Mr. Stevenson informed me of another copy of the work in the possession of Charles Eyston, Esq. of East Hendred House, Berkshire, of which he at once pronounced that it was superior to that in the Grenville Library.
The Chronicle Attributed to John of Wallingford
Authors: Vaughan Richard
Published: December 2009

Preface iii

Introduction

The Manuscript ix

Contents and Sources x

The Author xi

Editions and Translations xiv

A Note on the Text xiv

Text and Notes I

Index 69
Devereux Papers with Richard Broughton's Memoranda (1575–1601)
Authors: Malden Henry Elliot
Published: December 2009

These papers, which the kindness of the late owner, Mr. Shaw-Hellier of Wimbourne Wodehouse, and of Mr. W. P. Gibbons of The Foxhills, Wimbourne, near Wolverhampton, have placed in the hands of the Society, are taken from a commonplace book compiled by Richard Broughton, man of business to Walter and Robert Devereux, Earls of Essex
Direct simulation of pore level Fickian dispersion scale for transport through dense cubic packed spheres with vortices
Authors: Cardenas M. Bayani
Published: December 2009

The transition from non‐Fickian to Fickian macroscale transport is explicitly demonstrated for an increasing array of three‐dimensional pores with vortices in between a lattice of cubic packed spheres by microscale finite element Navier‐Stokes flow and transport simulations. Solute residence time distribution begins with a power law for one pore but gradually and eventually transforms to an exponential distribution typical of classic dispersive transport after about ten pores. Parameter fitting of an analytical solution to the 1‐D advection‐dispersion equation using the simulated breakthrough curves leads to fitted pore velocities within 1% of actual values and an asymptotic fitted dispersion coefficient after a few pores. Therefore, after dozens of pores, bulk transport can be described by the advection‐dispersion equation. Persistent vortices in similarly structured porous media subjected to similar grain‐scale Reynolds and Peclet numbers may have minimal contribution to anomalous transport observed at larger scales.
Seasonal variations in the speed factor and deflection angle of the wind‐driven surface flow in the Tsushima Strait
Authors: Yoshikawa Y. , Masuda A.
Published: December 2009

The speed factor and deflection angle of the wind‐driven surface flow were estimated for the Tsushima Strait from long (≥3.5 years) records of surface velocities measured with HF radar, geostrophic velocities estimated from sea level differences, and analyzed wind velocities. Large seasonal variations in both the speed factor and deflection angle were found. The speed factor, which is defined here as the ratio of the wind‐driven surface flow to the (waterside) friction velocity, is 7.7–9.5 in winter and 11.4–14.3 in summer, while the deflection angle is 17.7°–27.3° in winter and increases to 48.5°–67.3° in summer. A likely cause of these seasonal variations is the seasonal variation of the eddy viscosity profile. It was also found that the speed factor in winter increases with the friction velocity. This dependence is possibly explained by deepening of the wind‐driven surface flow with increasing friction velocity: as the friction velocity increases, HF radar (whose measurement depth is fixed) tends to measure a shallower part of the wind‐driven surface flow whose speed factor is larger.
Evolutionary games on graphs and the speed of the evolutionary process
Authors: Broom M. , Hadjichrysanthou C. , Rychtář J.
Published: December 2009

In this paper, we investigate evolutionary games with the invasion process updating rules on three simple non-directed graphs: the star, the circle and the complete graph. Here, we present an analytical approach and derive the exact solutions of the stochastic evolutionary game dynamics. We present formulae for the fixation probability and also for the speed of the evolutionary process, namely for the mean time to absorption (either mutant fixation or extinction) and then the mean time to mutant fixation. Through numerical examples, we compare the different impact of the population size and the fitness of each type of individual on the above quantities on the three different structures. We do this comparison in two specific cases. Firstly, we consider the case where mutants have fixed fitness
r
and resident individuals have fitness 1. Then, we consider the case where the fitness is not constant but depends on games played among the individuals, and we introduce a ‘hawk–dove’ game as an example.
Distributed leadership and adaptive decision-making in the antTetramorium caespitum
Authors: Collignon B. , Detrain C.
Published: December 2009

In the ant speciesTetramorium caespitum, communication and foraging patterns rely on group-mass recruitment. Scouts having discovered food recruit nestmates and behave as leaders by guiding groups of recruits to the food location. After a while, a mass recruitment takes place in which foragers follow a chemical trail. Since group recruitment is crucial to the whole foraging process, we investigated whether food characteristics induce a tuning of recruiting stimuli by leaders that act upon the dynamics and size of recruited groups. High sucrose concentration triggers the exit of a higher number of groups that contain twice as many ants and reach the food source twice as fast than towards a weakly concentrated one. Similar trends were found depending on food accessibility: for a cut mealworm, accessibility to haemolymph results in a faster formation of larger groups than for an entire mealworm. These data provide the background for developing a stochastic model accounting for exploitation patterns by group-mass recruiting species. This model demonstrates how the modulations performed by leaders drive the colony to select the most profitable food source among several ones. Our results highlight how a minority of individuals can influence collective decisions in societies based on a distributed leadership.
Blame the Parents? Challenges for Parent‐Focused Programmes for Families of Gang‐Involved Young People
Authors: Aldridge Judith , Shute Jon , Ralphs Robert , Medina Juanjo
Published: December 2009

Parent‐focused interventions are a potentially effective tool for preventing and reducing gang involvement, although the challenges of delivering such services are considerable. Drawing from data collected over 26 months for the ethnographic study, Youth Gangs in an English City, including interviews with parents of gang‐involved young people, we identify potential obstacles. These include: psychological barriers to the participation of parents relating to perceived denial, stigma and blame; and possible counter‐productivity of interventions. Strategies to minimise these are discussed.
HRM Practices, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Performance: A Multi‐Level Analysis
Authors: Snape Ed , Redman Tom
Published: December 2009

abstract

We examine the relationship between HRM practices, conceptualized at the workplace level, and individual employee attitudes and behaviour. We focus on two possible explanations for the relationship: social exchange and job influence/employee discretion. Findings from a study of employees in North‐East England suggest that there is a positive impact of HRM practices on organizational citizenship behaviour, through an effect on perceived job influence/discretion. There was no such effect for perceived organizational support. These findings provide support for a job influence and opportunity explanation of HRM effects on employee attitudes and behaviour.
Transition Management for Sustainable Development: A Prescriptive, Complexity‐Based Governance Framework
Authors: LOORBACH DERK
Published: December 2009

This article introduces transition management as a new governance approach for sustainable development. Sustainable development is used here as a common notion referring to those persistent problems in (Western industrialized) societies that can only be dealt with on the very long term (decades or more) through specific types of network and decision‐making processes. Based on interdisciplinary research into complex processes of long term, structural change in society, basic tenets for complexity‐based governance are formulated. These tenets are translated into a framework that distinguishes between four different types of governance activities and their respective roles in societal transitions. This framework can be used for implementation of governance strategies and instruments. The approach and framework have been developed deductively and inductively in the Netherlands since 2000. This article presents the theoretical basis of transition management and will be illustrated by examples from transition management practice, especially the Dutch national energy transition program.
Crisis? What Crisis? The Normality of the Current Food Crisis
Authors: LANG TIM
Published: December 2009

The 2005–8 food crisis was a shock to political elites, but in some respects the situation was normal. Food policies are failing to respond adequately to the squeeze on land, people, health and environment. Strong evidence of systems failure and stress, termed here New Fundamentals, ought to reframe twenty‐first century food politics and effort. Yet so far, international discourse is too often narrow and technical. The paper suggests that 2005–8 reinforced how the dominant twentieth century productionist policy paradigm is running out of steam. This assumed that producing more food would resolve social problems. Yet distortions in markets, access and culture remain. At national and international levels of governance, despite realization of the enormity of the challenge ahead, there is still a belief in slow incremental change.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and clinical profile of novel antiplatelet drugs targeting vascular diseases
Authors: Siller‐Matula Jolanta M , Krumphuber Julia , Jilma Bernd
Published: December 2009

Platelet inhibitors are the mainstay treatment for patients with vascular diseases. The current ‘gold standard’ antiplatelet agent clopidogrel has several pharmacological and clinical limitations that have prompted the search for more effective platelet antagonists. The candidates include various blockers of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor such as prasugrel, an oral irreversible thienopyridine; two adenosine triphosphate analogues that bind reversibly to the P2Y12 receptor: ticagrelor (oral) and cangrelor (intravenous); elinogrel, a direct‐acting reversible P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (the only antiplatelet compound that can be administered both intravenously and orally); BX 667, an orally active and reversible small‐molecule P2Y12 receptor antagonist; SCH 530348, SCH 205831, SCH 602539 and E5555, highly selective and orally active antagonists on the protease‐activated receptor 1. A number of drugs also hit new targets: terutroban, an oral, selective and specific inhibitor of the thromboxane receptor; ARC1779, a second‐generation, nuclease resistant aptamer which inhibits von Willebrand factor‐dependent platelet aggregation; ALX‐0081, a bivalent humanized nanobody targeting the GPIb binding site of von Willebrand factor and AJW200, an IgG4 monoclonal antibody of von Willebrand factor. The pharmacology and clinical profiles of new platelet antagonists indicate that they provide more consistent, more rapid and more potent platelet inhibition than agents currently used. Whether these potential advantages will translate into clinical advantages will require additional comparisons in properly powered, randomized, controlled trials.
Trouble Keeping Promises? An Analysis of Underfunding in State Retiree Benefits
Authors: Coggburn Jerrell D. , Kearney Richard C.
Published: December 2009

This article examines the funding of two key components of state government total compensation: pensions and other postemployment benefits (OPEB), the latter consisting primarily of retiree health care. A brief overview of the economic, political, and legal environments of state pensions and OPEB is followed by an analysis of the unfunded liabilities for these respective benefits. Regression results suggest the importance of state management capacity, per capita income, and public employee density in understanding differences in the states' pension and OPEB funding performance. Additionally, employers' level of pension contributions, legislative professionalism, and fiscal constraint are significantly related to pension funding, while political ideology and levels of state pension funding are significantly related to OPEB funding. The article concludes by discussing the tensions that states face in attempting to balance the fiscal imperative of funding retiree benefits liabilities with the human capital challenge of attracting and retaining a professional workforce. Failure on either could be costly to state government.
Emesis in dogs: a review
Authors: Elwood C. , Devauchelle P. , Elliott J. , Freiche V. , German A. J. , Gualtieri M. , Hall E. , den Hertog E. , Neiger R. , Peeters D. , Roura X. , Savary‐Bataille K.
Published: December 2009

Emesis is a common presenting sign in small animal practice. It requires a rational approach to management that is based upon a sound understanding of pathophysiology combined with logical decision making. This review, which assesses the weight of available evidence, outlines the physiology of the vomiting reflex, causes of emesis, the consequences of emesis and the approach to clinical management of the vomiting dog. The applicability of diagnostic testing modalities and the merit of traditional approaches to management, such as dietary changes, are discussed. The role and usefulness of both traditional and novel anti‐emetic drugs is examined, including in specific circumstances such as following cytotoxic drug treatment. The review also examines areas in which common clinical practice is not necessarily supported by objective evidence and, as such, highlights questions worthy of further clinical research.
Sand impaction of the small intestine in eight dogs
Authors: Moles A. D. , McGhie J. A. , Schaaf O. R. , Read R.
Published: December 2009

Objective: To describe signalment, clinical findings, imaging and treatment of intestinal sand impaction in the dog.

Methods: Medical records of dogs with radiographic evidence of small intestinal sand impaction were reviewed.

Results: Sand impaction resulting in small intestinal obstruction was diagnosed in eight dogs. All dogs presented with signs of vomiting. Other clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy and abdominal pain. Radiographs confirmed the presence of radio‐opaque material consistent with sand causing distension of the terminal small intestine in all dogs. Four dogs were treated surgically for their impaction and four dogs were managed medically. Seven of the eight dogs survived.

Clinical Significance: Both medical and surgical management of intestinal sand impaction in the dog can be effective and both afford a good prognosis for recovery.
Organisational learning, knowledge assets and HR practices in professional service firms
Authors: Swart Juani , Kinnie Nicholas
Published: December 2009

This paper identifies the interrelationship between the nature of knowledge assets (inputs), HR practices and types of organisational learning (outputs) in Professional Service Firms (PSFs). First, we draw on a theoretical framework which includes both exploitive and explorative learning and is appreciative of the time‐dimensions within which PSFs operate (accelerated‐planned). This juxtaposition identifies four learning orientations. Second, we conduct a thematic analysis of multiple case study data to identify the properties of the dominant knowledge assets and the HR practices that underpin each learning orientation. Finally, we highlight the HR approaches to managing the tensions which arise when exploitive and explorative learning are combined.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Testing of
Brucella
spp
Authors: Lonsway David R. , Jevitt Laura A. , Uhl James R. , Cockerill Franklin R. , Anderson Mary E. , Sullivan Maureen M. , De Barun K. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Patel Jean B.
Published: December 2009

Since some strains of
Brucella
species may require carbon dioxide for growth, a multilaboratory study was conducted to compare broth microdilution susceptibility results using ambient air (AA) and 5% CO
2
incubation conditions. Six antimicrobial agents were tested against 39
Brucella
isolates. Aminoglycoside MICs tended to be 1 log
2
dilution higher in CO
2
than in AA; tetracycline-class MICs to be 1 log
2
dilution lower in CO
2
.
Theoretical calculation of the electronic states with spin–orbit effects of the molecule LiCs
Authors: Elkork N. , Houalla D. , Korek M.
Published: December 2009

The potential energy curves of the molecule LiCs have been calculated for the 55 low-lying electronic states in the Ω-representation. Using an ab initio method the calculation is based on a nonempirical pseudo-potential in the interval 3.0ao≤ R ≤ 40.0ao of the internuclear distance. The spin–orbit effects have been taken into account through a semi-empirical spin–orbit pseudo-potential added to the electrostatic Hamiltonian with Gaussian basis sets for both atoms. The spectroscopic constants have been calculated for 39 states and the components of the spin–orbit splitting have been identified for the states (2, 5)3Π and (1)3Δ. The comparison of the present results with those available in literature shows good agreement, while the other results, to the best of our knowledge, are given here for the first time.