bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient disappearance of CD19+/CD5+ B-Lymphocytes in peripheral blood in a patient with CLL during SARS-CoV-2 related mild disease
Authors: Barnabei Remo , Michele Giulio Di , Cellini Antonio , Amicosante Gianfranco , Perilli Mariagrazia , Bellio Pierangelo , Piccirilli Alessandra , Celenza Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

We report a 64-years old man with B-cell CLL infected by SARS-CoV-2
during his hospitalization for a spondylodiscitis. Because of his health
conditions the duration of the antiviral therapy was restricted to one
week where we observed a transient disappearance of CD19+/CD5+
B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood.
R package for animal behaviour classification from accelerometer data - rabc
Authors: Yu Hui , Klaassen Marcel
Published: November 2020

Increasingly animal behaviour studies are enhanced through the use of
accelerometry. To allow translation of raw accelerometer data to animal
behaviours requires the development of classifiers. Here, we present the
“rabc” package to assist researchers with the interactive development
of such animal-behaviour classifiers based on datasets consisting out of
accelerometer data with their corresponding animal behaviours. Using an
accelerometer and a corresponding behavioural dataset collected on white
stork (Ciconia ciconia), we illustrate the workflow of this package,
including raw data visualization, feature calculation, feature
selection, feature visualization, extreme gradient boost model training,
validation, and, finally, a demonstration of the behaviour
classification results.
Relieving efforts in palm-tree tissue sampling for population genetics analyses.
Authors: Espinoza-Ulloa Sebastian
Published: November 2020

The young leaves are the main source of nucleic acids for population
genetic studies in palm-trees; however, the access to this tissue may be
limited by specific features of each species. Using root tissues as an
alternative source of nucleic acids could facilitate the sampling in
large populations. This study tests root tissue viability as an
alternative nucleic acids source (root vs. leaf) and explores different
protocols (tissue storage and DNA purification methods) to obtain
high-quality DNA samples. The results showed no significant differences
in DNA concentration and quality for the comparisons of tissue source
(leaf vs. root) and DNA purification method (manual vs. kit). For tissue
storage method, DNA concentration was significantly higher for root
tissues stored in 70% and 90% alcohol solutions versus those obtained
from leaf tissue, however for the quality parameters, no differences
were found. Results showed the effective potential of using root tissue
as an alternative source for nucleic acids, which could facilitate
populations sampling of palm-tree species for future studies and this
methodological alternative could be applied to other plant systems with
similar sampling challenges.
Review: Management of Hyperkalemia in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Almalki Bassem , Cunningham Kathleen , Kapugi Michelle , Kane Clare , Agrawal Akansha
Published: November 2020

Hyperkalemia is a frequent complication among kidney transplant
recipients that can lead to fatal arrhythmias. The causes of
hyperkalemia post kidney transplant are multifactorial and often are
drug-induced, and include decreased glomerular filtration rate, tubular
dysfunction, and impaired sodium delivery in the distal nephron. This
review will discuss pathophysiology and management of both acute and
chronic hyperkalemia in kidney transplant recipients.
COVID-19 pandemic challenges for International Medical Graduates (IMGs) practicing in the United States
Authors: Malayala Srikrishna , Adhiakri Ramesh , Bali Atul , Alur Ram Sanjeev
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Given that nearly a quarter of the US physician workforce are
international medical graduates (IMGs), many of whom remain on temporary
work visas for prolonged periods due to processing delays, the pandemic
has posed unique challenges to these frontline workers and has
arbitrarily limited our physician workforce. Objective: The objective of
the study is to understand the role of IMG physicians practicing in the
US, their limitations and challenges due to immigration related issues.
Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey across social media platforms,
we obtained data from IMGs regarding their role in healthcare, to the
impact of visa-related restrictions on their personal and professional
lives. Results: A total of 2630 IMGs responded to the survey, Hospital
Medicine (1684, 65.7%) being the predominant specialty encountered.
64.1% were practicing in Medically Underserved Areas (MUA) or Health
Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA), with 45.6% practicing in a rural
area. Nearly 89% of respondents had been involved with direct care of
COVID-19 patients, with 63.7% assuming administrative responsibilities
for COVID-19 preparedness. 93% physicians expressed inability to serve
in COVID-19 surge areas due to visa-related restrictions. 72%
physicians reported that their families would be at risk for deportation
in case of their disability or death. Most respondents (98.8%) felt
that permanent resident status would help alleviate the above concerns.
Conclusion: Easing immigration restrictions could prove significantly
bolster the current physician workforce and prove beneficial in our
response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preparation of Fe3O4/C composites and their application:A review
Authors: Bai liji , ma shaojina , su xiujuan , huang xianfei
Published: November 2020

Fe3O4/C composite materials have the advantages of both carbon-based
materials and ferrosoferric oxide that more and more attention has been
paid by people. Carbon-based materials have adjustable interface
engineering, high specific surface area, high dielectric loss, and light
weight and ferrosoferric oxide raw materials are easily obtained which
have high magnetic sensitivity, easy surface functional modification and
low toxicity.According to more than 200 papers published in the past 15
years, this article systematically analyzed and summarized the
preparation, characterization and application of Fe3O4/C composite
materials. Arc discharge method, hydrothermal method, solvothermal
method, co-precipitation method and pyrolysis method were commonly used
methods for preparing Fe3O4/C Ccomposite materials.Fe3O4/C composite
materials could absorb heavy metal impurities in water, for example,
lead, mercury, cadmium, Chromium, arsenic, etc., impurity, lead was the
most common. the treatment of wastewater containing organic dyes,
catalysts and activators, electrode materials and absorbing materials
have been widely used.
Core Outcome Sets for Studies of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Egan Aoife M. , Bogdanet Delia , Biesty Linda , Kgosidialwa Oratile , McDonagh Carmel , O’Shea Christine , O’Shea Paula M. , Devane Declan , Dunne Fidelma P.
Published: November 2020

Core Outcome Sets (COS) contain an agreed minimum set of outcomes to be measured and reported in all studies in a specific area, with the objective of standardizing outcome reporting. COS may minimize research waste by identifying outcomes important to key stakeholders, allowing for improved evidence synthesis, and facilitating translation of research findings to clinical practice. Over the past 5 years, there has been significant progress in developing COS relevant to studies of diabetes in pregnancy. This review summarizes work in this area, reviews the role of patient and public involvement in COS development, and suggests areas for future research.
Monogenic Diabetes: From Genetic Insights to Population-Based Precision in Care. Reflections From a Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum
Authors: Riddle Matthew C. , Philipson Louis H. , Rich Stephen S. , Carlsson Annelie , Franks Paul W. , Greeley Siri Atma W. , Nolan John J. , Pearson Ewan R. , Zeitler Philip S. , Hattersley Andrew T.
Published: November 2020

Individualization of therapy based on a person’s specific type of diabetes is one key element of a “precision medicine” approach to diabetes care. However, applying such an approach remains difficult because of barriers such as disease heterogeneity, difficulties in accurately diagnosing different types of diabetes, multiple genetic influences, incomplete understanding of pathophysiology, limitations of current therapies, and environmental, social, and psychological factors. Monogenic diabetes, for which single gene mutations are causal, is the category most suited to a precision approach. The pathophysiological mechanisms of monogenic diabetes are understood better than those of any other form of diabetes. Thus, this category offers the advantage of accurate diagnosis of nonoverlapping etiological subgroups for which specific interventions can be applied. Although representing a small proportion of all diabetes cases, monogenic forms present an opportunity to demonstrate the feasibility of precision medicine strategies. In June 2019, the editors of Diabetes Care convened a panel of experts to discuss this opportunity. This article summarizes the major themes that arose at that forum. It presents an overview of the common causes of monogenic diabetes, describes some challenges in identifying and treating these disorders, and reports experience with various approaches to screening, diagnosis, and management. This article complements a larger American Diabetes Association effort supporting implementation of precision medicine for monogenic diabetes, which could serve as a platform for a broader initiative to apply more precise tactics to treating the more common forms of diabetes.
Observation of Water Behavior in the Contact Area between Porous Rubber and a Mating Surface during Sliding
Authors: Minami Yusuke , Iwai Tomoaki , Shoukaku Yutaka
Published: November 2020

Porous rubber is often used as the tread rubber of studless tires because of its higher coefficient of friction on icy surfaces, as the real contact area is larger because of its lower elastic modulus. It is said that the real contact area increases owing to the water absorption into the pores. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of pores on the surface of porous rubber during sliding under wet conditions. In this experiment, porous rubber was rubbed with a dove prism under wet conditions, so as to measure the coefficient of friction in concurrence with observing the friction surface. The total internal reflection method was adopted to distinguish the real contact area from the wet contact area. The real contact area was observed as a black area in captured image. Particle-tracking velocimetry was also conducted to visualize the water flow in the vicinity of pores during the sliding. The results of this study show that the absorption of water into the pores was not observed. The pore contained an air bubble during the sliding. The water flow detouring around the air bubble in the pore was also observed. In regard to contact, the front edge of the pore was not in contact with the mating dove prism. On the other hand, the rear edge of the pore was clearly seen as a black arc even if the pore left the dove prism. Thus, the rear edge of the pore contacting with the dove prism most likely wipes the water, so that the coefficient of friction of rubber with the pore was higher than that without the pore.
Finite Element Analysis of the Thermal Characteristics and Parametric Study of Steady Rolling Tires
Authors: Wang Youshan , Wei Yintao , Feng Xijin , Yao Zhenhan
Published: November 2020

This article presents a numerical thermomechanical analysis and parametric study of steady rolling tires that are treated as axisymmetric structures for simplification. Under periodic stress–strain cycles, during tire rolling, internal heat will be generated because of energy loss from the tire material. A general-purpose, finite element program is used to model this two-dimensional heat conduction with distributed, internal heat sources, whereas an in-house code for tire simulation performs the underlying three-dimensional structure and heat-generation rate analysis. The tire belts and carcasses are modeled using layer solid elements with transverse, isotropic, thermomechanical properties, whereas the rubber components are made of isotropic materials. The goal of this article is to develop a simple and easy methodology for simulating tire thermomechanical behavior. Furthermore, the parametric study for the highest shoulder temperature (HST), which is widely accepted as one of the triggers of tire failure, has been performed. The HST sensitivities to the selected parameters have been computed from the simulated temperature fields under different conditions, which provide a guidance to improve the tire structural, material, and pattern designs.
A Study on Minimum Rolling Resistance
Authors: Rhyne Timothy B. , Cron Steven M.
Published: November 2020

Tire rolling resistance has been a topic of study since the invention of the pneumatic tire. There is currently a heightened interest in this topic because of the need to minimize fuel consumption of vehicles and the introduction of regulations regarding both the maximum allowable rolling resistance and consumer labeling for rolling resistance. The question arises as to how low tire rolling resistance can go. Tire energy loss can be written as the product of the material deformations, the volume of material deformed, and the loss property of the material. The last two terms of the energy loss equation will be considered fixed. This article concentrates on the deformation term. The current paradigm of the steel-belted radial tire is assumed. The minimum deformations required for the function of the tire are established, and the assumption is made that all other deformations are parasitic and can in theory be eliminated. Analytical expressions for the dominant necessary deformations are developed, and the functional relationship for minimum rolling resistance is determined. The functioning point required to reach the minimum rolling resistance is established. The functional relationships are compared with experimental data taken by the whole tire hysteresis method.
On-Road Fuel Consumption Testing to Determine the Sensitivity Coefficient Relating Changes in Fuel Consumption to Changes in Tire Rolling Resistance
Authors: Bradley Calvin R. , Delaval Arnaud
Published: November 2020

Tire rolling resistance is one of the primary forces opposing motion on passenger vehicles. New regulations appearing around the world will provide information on tire rolling resistance to consumers. The linear relationship between fuel savings and rolling resistance has been previously demonstrated. Extensive testing in real-world driving conditions has validated previous models. The result is a measured sensitivity coefficient for North American usage, which relates the changes in vehicle fuel consumption of E10 gasoline to changes in rolling resistance. This sensitivity coefficient is shown to not be significantly different between a compact car, a medium-sized sedan, and a full-sized pickup truck. Results provide a simple and robust way for end consumers to predict the impact of tire choice on their fuel consumption and CO2 emissions using tire label information.
Deformation Index–Based Modeling of Transient, Thermo-mechanical Rolling Resistance for a Nonpneumatic Tire
Authors: Gibert James M. , Ananthasayanam Balajee , Joseph Paul F. , Rhyne Timothy B. , Cron Steven M.
Published: November 2020

When competing in performance with their pneumatic counterparts, nonpneumatic tires should have several critical features, such as low energy loss when rolling over obstacles, low mass, low stiffness, and low contact pressure. In recent years, a nonpneumatic tire design was proposed to address each of these critical issues [1]. In this study, the steady state and transient energy losses due to rolling resistance for the proposed nonpneumatic tire are considered. Typically, such an analysis is complex because of the coupling of temperature on the structural deformation and the viscoelastic energy dissipation, which requires an iterative procedure. However, researchers have proposed a simplified analysis by using the sensitivity of the tire's elastic response to changes in material stiffness through a deformation index [2–4]. In the current study, the method is exploited to its full potential for the nonpneumatic tire due to the relatively simple nature of deformation in the tire's flexible ring and the lack of several complicating features present in pneumatic tires, namely, a heated air cavity and the complex stress state due to its composite structure. In this article, two models were developed to predict the transient and steady-state temperature rise. The first is a finite element model based on the deformation index approach, which can account for thermo-mechanical details in the tire. Motivated by the simplicity of the thermo-behavior predicted by this finite element model, a simple lumped parameter model for temperature prediction at the center of the shear band was developed, which in many cases compares very well with the more detailed finite element approach due to the nature of the nonpneumatic tire. The finite element model can be used to, for example, explore the design space of the nonpneumatic tire to reach target temperatures by modifying heat transfer coefficients and/or material properties.
Equilibrium Profile of Modern Belted Radial Ply Tires: Its Determination and Performance Benefits
Authors: Bauer Rudolf F.
Published: November 2020

The benefits of a tire's equilibrium profile have been suggested by several authors in the published literature, and mathematical procedures were developed that represented well the behavior of bias ply tires. However, for modern belted radial ply tires, and particularly those with a lower aspect ratio, the tire constructions are much more complicated and pose new problems for a mathematical analysis. Solutions to these problems are presented in this paper, and for a modern radial touring tire the equilibrium profile was calculated together with the mold profile to produce such tires. Some construction modifications were then applied to these tires to render their profiles “nonequilibrium.” Finite element methods were used to analyze for stress concentrations and deformations within all tires that did or did not conform to equilibrium profiles. Finally, tires were built and tested to verify the predictions of these analyses. From the analysis of internal stresses and deformations on inflation and loading and from the actual tire tests, the superior durability of tires with an equilibrium profile was established, and hence it is concluded that an equilibrium profile is a beneficial property of modern belted radial ply tires.
A Sampling Moiré Method to Measure the Dynamic Shape and Strain of Rotating Tires
Authors: Hanada Ryoji , Miyazawa Masashi , Fujigaki Motoharu , Simo Kosuke , Morimoto Yoshiharu
Published: November 2020

There has long been a strong desire to know the deformation and surface shape of tires rotating at high speeds, both in order to verify finite element modeling analysis results and for the design of tire construction and materials. We used the sampling Moiré method to measure sidewall deformation and surface strain of rotating tires when cornering or braking. This method takes photos simultaneously with two cameras placed at a distance from a tire sidewall with a grid sheet laid over it, allowing precision 3D rendering through analysis of these images. This enables a practical and accurate chronological measurement of deformation and surface strain in tires rotating at high speeds, something that was difficult to do until now. But owing to hardware limitations, this had only previously been done in the static state. By combining the sampling Moiré method with high-speed, high-definition cameras, it is possible to measure the time-based shape and surface strain of tires rotating at high speeds, with practical accuracy. In this paper we have made continuous, time-based measurements of surface strain when a sinusoidal slip angle is applied to the tires and measurements of changes in surface strain when enveloping a cleat.
A Modular Race Tire Model Concerning Thermal and Transient Behavior using a Simple Contact Patch Description
Authors: Völkl Timo , Lukesch Robert , Mühlmeier Martin , Graf Michael , Winner Hermann
Published: November 2020

The potential of a race tire strongly depends on its thermal condition, the load distribution in its contact patch, and the variation of wheel load. The approach described in this paper uses a modular structure consisting of elementary blocks for thermodynamics, transient excitation, and load distribution in the contact patch. The model provides conclusive tire characteristics by adopting the fundamental parameters of a simple mathematical force description. This then allows an isolated parameterization and examination of each block in order to subsequently analyze particular influences on the full model.

For the characterization of the load distribution in the contact patch depending on inflation pressure, camber, and the present force state, a mathematical description of measured pressure distribution is used. This affects the tire's grip as well as the heat input to its surface and its casing. In order to determine the thermal condition, one-dimensional partial differential equations at discrete rings over the tire width solve the balance of energy. The resulting surface and rubber temperatures are used to determine the friction coefficient and stiffness of the rubber. The tire's transient behavior is modeled by a state selective filtering, which distinguishes between the dynamics of wheel load and slip.

Simulation results for the range of occurring states at dry conditions show a sufficient correlation between the tire model's output and measured tire forces while requiring only a simplified and descriptive set of parameters.
Effects of Rotation on the Tire Dynamic Behavior: Experimental and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Kindt Peter , Diaz Cristobal Gonzalez , Vercammen Stijn , Thiry Christophe , Middelberg Jason , Kimble Bart , Leyssens Jan
Published: November 2020

Based on the results of experimental and numerical analyses, we investigate the effects of rotation on tire dynamic behavior. Better understanding of these effects will further improve the ability to control and optimize the noise and vibrations that result from the interaction between the road surface and the rolling tire. The presented work was performed in the framework of the European industry-academia project Tire-Dyn, with partners Goodyear, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and LMS International. The effect of rotation on the tire dynamic behavior is quantified for different operating conditions of the tire, such as load and rotation speed. Through combined experimental and numerical analyses, the physical phenomena accounting for the observed rotation influences are described.
An Implicit Ring Tire Model for Multibody Simulation with Energy Dissipation
Authors: Gagnon Louis , Richard Marc J. , Masarati Pierangelo , Morandini Marco , Doré Guy
Published: November 2020

A rigid ring tire model was developed as the c++ module of a free multibody dynamics software. It takes as input the longitudinal profile of the road and is attached to the wheel element of a multibody simulation. It is intended to evaluate the transient behavior of the tire rolling on a deteriorated road profile. It is tailored for, but not restricted to, applications at low camber angles, limited steering and velocity changes, and continuous contact with the road. It is expected to be accurate under excitation frequencies up to 100 Hz and road deformation up to 10 cm. It takes 45 tire parameters and 20 algorithm parameters and is integrated implicitly except for the road profile. The model has been calibrated and validated against a trusted finite element analysis of Michelin XZA-3 tires mounted on a wheel and axle assembly going over rectangular cleats. The resulting curves showed good agreement with the finite element data. The Nelder-Mead optimization process used on the manually determined parameters was able to increase the average coefficient of determination of the 12 test curves from −0.4 to 0.6. Above 20 km/h, that coefficient was better than 0.8 for every test of the vertical force response to cleats. As for the longitudinal forces, only one curve had a coefficient below 0.5. A variable time-step algorithm was also included in the module and found to reduce the simulation time of the test cases by roughly 85%.
Wear and Related Topology of Rubber Surface
Authors: Wagner Paul , Schmerwitz Frank , Lind Hagen , Wies Burkhard
Published: November 2020

The wear mechanism of rubber is complex, and the direct experimental observations of wear are limited. The understanding of the wear mechanism and its prevention are important aims and fields of investigation in the tire industry. The most straightforward way to quantify wear is a measurement of the mass loss after wear experiments. The different mass loss of different rubber materials is used to classify the wear performance of the materials. An additional way to obtain information about the different wear behavior of different compounds and the mechanism is to take a look of the worn surface of the wheels. After wear experiments with real tires on the street or small rubber wheels in laboratory, microstructures normal to the slip direction occur, the so called Schallamach waves. The kinematic analysis of these structures can lead to a deeper understanding of the wear mechanism. The surfaces of four compounds with a different wear performance are investigated in this paper with the aim of distinguishing them not just through the measured mass losses but also through an analysis of the surface and the extraction of a characteristic.

This characteristic is recognized as the lateral displacement of the surface structures. It is quantified using a new evaluation technique based on the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The lateral displacement is compound specific and is observed parallel to the lowering of the altitude due to mass loss. In addition, the observed microstructures are used to add a new aspect of local plasticization to the well-established wear mechanism theory.
Rubber Friction and Tire Dynamics: A Comparison of Theory with Experimental Data
Authors: Selig Michael , Lorenz Boris , Henrichmöller Dirk , Schmidt Karsten , Ball Andrew , Persson Bo
Published: November 2020

In this contribution, a simple rubber friction law is presented. The model can be used for tire and vehicle dynamics calculations [19]. The friction law is tested by comparing numerical results to the full rubber friction theory [6] and to experimental data.

A two-dimensional tire model is introduced. The model combines the rubber friction law with a simple mass-spring description of the tire body. The tire model is very flexible and can be applied to different maneuvers. It can be used for calculating μ-slip curves, the self-aligning torque, braking and cornering, or combined motion (e.g., braking during cornering). The theory predictions are compared to measured data from indoor tire testing on sandpaper substrate. Simulations of antilock braking systems (ABS) using two different control algorithms are also presented.
Determination of Combined and Second Order Factor Effects for Simultaneous Optimization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of NR/BR Blend System
Authors: Aiyengar Rajarajan , Divecha Jyoti
Published: November 2020

The blends of natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and other forms of rubbers are widely used for enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of rubber compounds. Lots of work has been done in conditioning and mixing of NR/BR blends to improve the properties of its rubber compounds and end products such as tire tread. This article employs response surface methodology designed experiments in five factors; high abrasion furnace carbon black (N 330), aromatic oil, NR/BR ratio, sulfur, and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide for determination of combined and second order effects of the significant factors leading to simultaneous optimization of the NR/BR blend system. One of the overall optimum of eight properties existed at carbon 44 phr, oil 6.1 phr, NR/BR 78/22 phr with the following values of properties: tensile strength (22 MPa), elongation at break (528%), tear resistance (30 kg/mm), rebound resilience (67%), moderate hardness (68 International rubber hardness degrees) with low heat buildup (17 °C), permanent set (12%), and abrasion loss (57 mm3). More optimum combinations can easily be determined from the NR/BR blend system models contour plots.
Experimental Study of Tire-Wheel-Suspension Dynamics in Rolling over Cleat and Abrupt Braking Conditions
Authors: Zhou Yaoqun , Gauterin Frank , Unrau Hans-Joachim , Frey Michael
Published: November 2020

The braking performance of recent vehicles is controlled by the interaction between the antilock braking system (ABS) and the transmitted force between road and tire. Because of tire and suspension elasticity, an abrupt braking or the ABS regulation initiates tire belt and wheel axle oscillations, which lead to a closed loop of acceleration and force transmission in the tire-wheel-suspension assembly in both translational and rotational directions. As a result, the oscillation of wheel slip and wheel load can influence the force transmission potential in the contact patch and thus the braking distance as well. The objective of the presented study is to investigate the influence of the tire-wheel-suspension dynamics on the force transmission potential between tire and road.

To obtain acceleration and force dynamics in the tire-wheel-suspension assembly without inducing the influence from other vehicle components, a McPherson suspension was isolated from a real car and adapted to the inner drum test bench at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology. After mounting different tires, measurements were carried out under various driving conditions. First, tire measurements with a measuring hub were done on the test bench to obtain both quasistatic characteristics and dynamic response in rolling over cleat. Second, different tire-wheel-suspension assemblies were driven on the test bench while the wheel brake was initiated by a hydraulic braking system based on a modified ESP control unit. This modified unit allows generation of abrupt braking pressure slopes by a direct control of the valves. The accelerations of different wheel-suspension components and forces in the links were measured.

In this article, the experimental study of the dynamics of a run-flat and a standard tire and their respective coupled assembly with the suspension excited by rolling over cleat and abrupt braking is presented. After a description of the experimental setup, the results of tire-wheel-suspension dynamics of two different tires will be analyzed, interpreted, and compared. Furthermore, a simulation model of the tire-wheel-suspension assembly with the FTire model and dynamic models of suspension components will be built up.
Holistic Analysis of the Coupled Vehicle-Tire-Pavement System for the Design of Durable Pavements
Authors: Kaliske Michael , Wollny Ines , Behnke Ronny , Zopf Christoph
Published: November 2020

Pavements—an important part of worldwide infrastructure—are exposed to increasing traffic loads, new tire and vehicle concepts, and climate change. The future design of durable pavement structures requires a deep knowledge of the interactions in the coupled system of vehicle, tire, and pavement and the structural behavior of each subsystem. This paper includes recent research results in the field of tire and pavement modeling and their interaction. Furthermore, the concept for a holistic analysis of the coupled vehicle-tire-pavement system for the design of durable pavements is presented.

For a realistic and numerical efficient computation of tire-pavement interaction that considers rolling contact, both subsystems are modeled using the finite element (FE) method based on an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation that includes inelastic material descriptions. Additionally, thermo-mechanical effects are considered for the tire computation. The base of the structural FE-ALE pavement model is the realistic numerical description of the elastic, viscous, and plastic behavior of asphalt mixes.

Although initial results in the field of tire-pavement interaction were reached, much research has to be carried out to gain deeper knowledge of the coupled vehicle-tire-pavement system that includes detailed models of the subsystems and their interaction, as well as experimental investigations. The research group FOR 2089 will deal with this topic and will take the different length and timescales in particular into account.
Interaction of a Slip-Based Antilock Braking System with Tire Torsional Dynamics
Authors: Anderson Jeffery R. , Adcox John , Ayalew Beshah , Knauff Mike , Rhyne Tim , Cron Steve
Published: November 2020

This paper presents simulation and experimental results that outline the interaction between a tire's torsional dynamic properties and antilock braking system (ABS) during a hard braking event. Previous work has shown the importance of the coupled dynamics of the tire's belt, sidewall, and wheel/hub assembly on braking performance for a wheel acceleration-based ABS controller. This work presents findings based on a proprietary slip-based ABS controller. A comprehensive system model including tire torsional dynamics, dynamics of the tread–ground friction (LuGre friction model), and dominant brake system hydraulic dynamics was developed for simulation studies on this slip-based controller. Results from key sensitivity studies of tire torsional parameters are presented along with experimental results obtained on a quarter car braking test rig. In this work, it was found that within a reasonable tire design space (with respect to tire torsional properties), the ABS algorithm tested was extremely robust to changing these parameters. The main conclusion of this result is that when a consumer replaces his or her tires with different (than original equipment) tires, there should be little effect on braking performance.
Assessment of the Psychological Well-Being of Teachers in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: M Vaccaro
Published: November 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to changes in the habits of human beings with repercussions on psychological well-being from an emotional and affective point of view. So far, research in the literature has focused on the critical elements of distance learning from a connection point of view and software used. It is necessary to expand the research aimed at assessing the impact that the pandemic has had on the psychological well-being of teachers who have been asked not only to change their habits but at the same time the working context and teaching tools. The research was born as an observational study through structured interview, conducted on a sample of 38 randomly selected teachers, representative of the Calabria region. Each respondent was subjected to a questionnaire which explored the perceived psychological well-being and demographic descriptors, such as age, sex, marital status, city of residence, profession, city where they work, years of work, experience, duration of the working week, and the impact that the pandemic has had on their work. To assess the quality of life at work over the last 30 days, the Hundall Self Report proQOL – Professional Quality of Life Scale Questionnaire (2009) was used, consisting of 30 questions on a Likert scale (from 1”never” to 5 “very often”), which can be traced back to 3 dimension: Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction. The results have shown that a sudden and radical change in one’s habitual behaviors, as well as the way and context of work, have led teachers to have a reduced perception of the quality of life in one’s work environment. The man by nature has enchored to his daily habits and asking him to change his routine behavior involves a decompensating in the perception of his quality of life as demonstrated by the study conducted.
The Impact of the Pandemic on the Quality of Life of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: G Lombardo
Published: November 2020

The state of international public health emergency, declared on January, 30th 2020 has seen an increase in frequency and intensity of health workers in the work place to support COVID-19 positive patients and indirectly their families. This has seen them come into direct contact with the lives and experiences of other people and with their own, both positive and negative,feeling compassion for those assisted and helplessness in the face of death. The observational study, conducted through the use of Kendall’s Self Report questionnaire ProQOL-Professional Quality of Life Scale (2009), version 5, consisting of 30 questions on a Likert scale (from 1 “never” to 5 “very often”), referable to three dimensions: Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction, allowed the 46 subjects involved to measure their inner resources, assessing the level of stress and emotions experienced. The representative sample of the Calabria region was selected randomly. Everyone was asked to fill in the online questionnaire, after dilling in a descriptive part related to demographic data such as age, sex, marital status, city of residence, profession, city where they work, years of work experience, length of the working week and the impact that the pandemic has had on their work. The results obtained from the research show a reduction in the quality of professional life perceived by health care professionals during the pandemic period.
Background Noise and Reverberation Times and Acoustical Quality in A University Classrooms in Jeddah, KSA
Authors: A Summan
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the acoustical quality of seven classrooms and learning spaces at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. The physical characteristics of sounds measured in these classrooms included Background Noise Levels (BNLs - dBA) and Reverberation Times (RTs - seconds). Measurements were conducted in unoccupied conditions. In addition, information about rooms' sizes, design, components and building materials were collected. Results of BNLs and RTs indicated poor acoustical condition in the new classrooms, while old classrooms provided fair or acceptable acoustical quality for learning and teaching based on their RTs. BNLs in the new classrooms ranged from 42 to 71 dBA, and RTs ranged from 1 to 1.4 seconds, which all were higher than the allowable BNL (35 dBA) and RT (0.6 seconds) (ANSI 12.60.2010) according to their rooms sizes. This poor acoustical condition were found to be associated with ventilation noise, reflective surfaces, and classroom design. In conclusion, recommendations to improve the acoustical quality for better learning and teaching in the investigated new classrooms were highlighted in this paper.
First Record of Polymelia in the Paradox Frog Pseudis Paradoxa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Northern Brazil
Authors: PR Sanches
Published: November 2020

During herpetofaunal monitoring studies on ESEC Maraca-Jipioca we found an individual Pseudis paradoxa exhibiting morphological abnormality. We diagnose abnormality following current etiology in herpetological literature and tested movement of member affected by touching. The anuran presented polymely in the right hand with duplicated radio-ulna linked to a pair of fully formed fingers. Since ESEC Maracá-Jipioca is a coastal island with very low anthropogenic impact, we think abnormality observed is more linked to endogenous factors or parasite infection, which is a common cause for polymely.
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Theileriosis in Cattle Calves
Authors: D Dhuria
Published: November 2020

The present investigation was carried out among ten cross-bred Cattle calves of age between 1-5 months which were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner with the history of anorexia, high fever, diarrhoea and tick infestation. Upon clinical examination pale mucous membrane, enlarged prescapular lymph nodes and increase in respiration rate and pulse rate were found. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein in vacutainers containing EDTA for haemogram. Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood smears revealed piroplasms in erythrocytes and lymph node aspirate smears revealed presence of schizonts (Koch’s blue bodies) in lymphocytes. Upon haematological examination it revealed that the decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and lymphocytes, however increase in total leukocyte count and neutrophils. After confirmation of Theileriosis in calves Buparvaquone was administered at the dose rate of 1ml/20kg body weight via intramuscular route. Eight calves were very well responded to the treatment but two calves were eventually died due to severe anaemia.
Use of Habitat and Activity Patterns of Pionus menstruus and Amazona farinosa (Aves: Psitacidae) in a Tropical Dry Forest in Toluviejo, Sucre, Colombia
Authors: AC Sampedro
Published: November 2020

To determine the use of the habitat and the patterns of daily activity of two species of psittacids, present in a tropical dry forest in a town in the Montes de María, we make direct observations through point counts, advantageous points and intensive search, in 24 samplings between March and July 2017, between 05:30 and 18:30 hrs. We recorded 421 individuals of Pionus menstruus in 148 sightings and 517 of farmed Amazona in 235 sightings. The largest number of individuals of Pionus menstruus appears in April and May, while the largest number of individuals of Amazona farinosa was observed in July (X = 48.26, p <0.001, 4 df ). The proportion of sightings of these species in zones I and II was similar, but in zone III the number of individuals sighted by A. farinos a was much higher than that of P.menstruus (X2 = 44.718, p <0.001, 2 df ). Both species showed greater activity between 0600 and 0700 and between 1600 and 1800, corresponding to lower values of temperature, wind speed and light intensity than those registered at noon. Most of the sightings occurred during flight for both species. To feed, perch, groom and converse, the parrots used 13 species of trees; among them, Amazona farinosa used 11 to perform three or four activities and Pionus menstruus only used six species to perform three of the activities we observed. The frequency of sighted parrots is related to the availability of ecosystem resources, without any evidence of competition between species.
Fish as Indicators for Environmental Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment Regarding Aquatic Contamination with Pesticides
Authors: V Yancheva
Published: November 2020

The proximity of water basins to anthropogenic sources of pollution affecting the state of nature also determines the need to study the ecosystems existing there. Fish are used as reliable indicators of pollution of the aquatic environment. Changes in the fish body make it possible to determine the toxicity of the contaminated water and the potential danger posed by anthropogenic substances that have entered it. In this regards, biomarkers are important assessment tools as they provide specific information on the biological effects of a particular toxicant. They can be used for monitoring purposes, as well as to clarify the link between the effects on the organism and the concentration of the contaminant in health risk assessment.
Morphometric and Meristic Variations of Glossogobius Sparsipapillus along the Coastline in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: QM Dinh
Published: November 2020

This study contributed to the variation of morphometric and meristic measurements of Glossogobius sparsipapillus , a target catching fish in the Mekong Delta. A total of 583 individuals (293 males and 290 females) were collected during dry and wet seasons (April 2019 to January 2020) at three studied sites from Vinh Hau, Hoa Binh, Bac Lieu to Dien Hai, Dong Hai, Bac Lieu and Tan Thuan, Dam Doi, Ca Mau. The analysis results showed that total length and body weight of this species varied with seasons and studied sites, but not genders. The variations of fish length and weight of males and females depended on seasons but not studied sites. The interaction of site and season variables influenced the change of fish length and weight. The results supplied additional knowledge for fish identification and ecological adaptation understanding in the study regions.
Feeding Experiences of Paulownia Spp . Leaves: Potential Forage Source for Domestic Animals
Authors: Bodnar Akos
Published: November 2020

Paulownia spp . is a very adaptable, fast growing and multi-purpose agroforestry tree. This species is a genus of Asian hardwood trees which have been cultivated there for the past 3000 years. They are native to much of China, south to northern Laos and Vietnam, and long cultivated elsewhere in eastern Asia, notably in Japan and Korea. Paulownia plays a very critical role in providing timber, fuel wood, fodder and food in many countries of the World. Besides its fast-growing nature and several utilization opportunities, Paulownia leaves have similar feeding value to other forage crops. Due to previous studies, it has been reported that Paulownia leaves are suitable for feeding to domestic animals.
Pengembangan Desa Wisata Partisipatif-Mandatori: Studi Kasus pada Desa Belimbing, Pupuan, Tabanan-Bali
Authors: Ardika Wayan Dana
Published: November 2020

Artikel tentang kajian pengembangan desa wisata bermodelkan partisipatif-mandatori ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desa wisata yang tepat guna. Pengembangan ini dilakukan terhadap desa Belimbing, Pupuan-Tabanan. Pengembangan partifipatif dilakukan dengan melibatkan unsur-unsur baik pemerintah, masyarakat, maupun akademisi. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa model partisipatif dan mandatori sangat membantu percepatan pengembangan desa wisata Belimbing ini. Partisipasi setiap unsur sangat bermanfaat membantu lancarnya pengembangan tersebut. Selain itu, regulasi yang mengatur rambu-rambu pengembangan desa wisata daerah Tabanan sangat membantu semua unsur pengembangan tersebut sehingga setiap unsur atau pihak yang terlibat memiliki pedoman pasti dalam pengembangan ini.
QUESTIONS ABOUT APPLYING POSITIVE FEEDBACK IN ADAPTIVE FRICTION CLUTCHES
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Kirpichenko A.E.
Published: November 2020

It is shown that the significant disadvantages inherent in the adaptive friction clutch with positive feedback and indirect (indirect) control, limit the possibility of their application in practice and require the development of another method of automatic control. A schematic diagram of an adaptive friction clutch with positive feedback and direct (direct) control is synthesized. It is proved that the process of automatic control does not lead to stabilization of the value of the moment of friction forces of the friction group.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF WEED CONTROL IN INDUSTRIAL CROPS OF CORN FOR GRAIN
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Research on Engineering Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Novokubansk, Russian Federation, Negreba O.N. , Bondarenko E.V. ,   Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Research on Engineering Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Novokubansk, Russian Federation, Belik M.A. ,   Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Research on Engineering Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Novokubansk, Russian Federation, Yurina T.A. ,   Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Research on Engineering Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Novokubansk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of research on modern technologies for weed control in production crops of corn for grain. The best results were obtained in the basic version of technology No. 5 with the following plant protection system: mechanical treatment of crops (cross-row harrowing and three row-to-row cultivation) in combination with chemical treatment with the herbicide Mаister-150 g/ha.