bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEWAJIBAN PENCANTUMAN INFORMASIHARGA PRODUK DI RESTORAN A&W BANDARA SULTAN SYARIF KASIM II KOTA PEKANBARUBERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8TAHUN 1999 TENTANGPERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Haq Miftahul , Magdalena Sihombing Trina
Published: April 2022

BasedonArticle 7 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, it is regulated that business actors are required to provide correct, clear, and honest information regarding goods and/or services. This study aims to explain the obligation to include product price information at the A&W Restaurant at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport, Pekanbaru City based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The method used in this research is sociological law research. A&W Restaurant at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport Pekanbaru City carries out sales procedures in accordance with the A&W Restaurant franchise standard and is willing to compensate for all losses suffered by consumers if their employees are proven to have violated sales procedures. The obstacle in carrying out the obligation to include product price information at the A&W Restaurant at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport in Pekanbaru City is the ignorance of consumers. Consumers who feel aggrieved can sue A&W Restaurant at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport Pekanbaru City to the Pekanbaru City Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) or to the Pekanbaru District Court.Keywords: Consumer Protection, Business Actors, Obligations
Effects of Interlayer Properties on the Performance of Unbonded Concrete Overlays
Authors: Vandenbossche Julie , DeSantis John
Published: April 2022

Unbonded concrete overlays (UBOL) consist of a new Portland cement concrete (PCC) layer placed on an existing PCC pavement. The new concrete layer is separated from the existing pavement by an interlayer system, allowing these overlays to be placed on distressed PCC pavements. The interlayer system usually consists of a thin open graded or dense graded hot mix asphalt (HMA) layer or a non-woven geotextile fabric. In an effort to develop a mechanistic-empirical design procedure for UBOLs, the effects of the interlayer properties on the performance of the overlay must first be established. There are many variables to consider when selecting an interlayer for UBOLs such as, drainability, frictional restraint, prevention of reflective cracking, and stability of a mixture to prevent erosion or consolidation/ rutting. Performance data from in-service pavements at the Minnesota Road Research Facility (MnROAD), Michigan, Missouri, and Pennsylvania, as well as data in the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database is examined to establish the influence of interlayer characteristics on overlay performance. . Many of the distresses are at least partially caused by breakdown of the interlayer. Longitudinal cracking develops in the wheelpath due to erosion or consolidation of an asphalt interlayer, while transverse cracking can occur due to reflective cracking, reflective distress, or erosion along the transverse joint. The characteristics of the interlayer also play a role in the rate of the development of faulting. Based on this evaluation, factors that should be considered for optimizing the performance of the interlayer are defined.
Cost-effectiveness analysis for concrete pavement preservation strategy selection and resource allocation
Authors: Snyder Mark , Ram Prashant , Van Dam Thomas , Smith Kurt , Yu H. Thomas
Published: April 2022

There are usually many preservation and rehabilitation strategy options for any pavement section at any point in time. Each project-level strategy has associated costs, which are typically evaluated using life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA). Limitations to these analyses include: inability to accurately predict the actual timing and costs of future rehabilitation work; use of an appropriate discount rate; the assumption of equal benefits and service among competing alternatives; and treatment of end-of-life values (service life and salvage material). Each preservation option also impacts pavement service quality and service life, and the value of service on any pavement section depends on the volume and composition of traffic using the facility. Typical preservation strategy selection strategies do not adequately consider these factors in a quantifiable way. This paper presents and demonstrates the use of cost-effectiveness analysis in pavement preservation strategy selection to account for the different levels of service associated with different preservation strategies applied at different times. It also demonstrates concepts for using cost-effectiveness analyses in the allocation of network funds, considering both the quality of service provided and the number and type of users that use different pavement sections in the network. The analysis and strategy selection/optimization techniques presented herein are intended for use as tools to aid in decision-making, recognizing that there are likely additional factors that impact the decision processes that are not represented by these techniques.
PENGARUH	KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK, SANKSI ADMINISTRASI, DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (Studi Kasus pada Kantor Samsat Kabupaten Muna)
Authors: Nurdin Emillia , Tamburaka Sulvariany , Fadila Sitti Nur
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, sanksi administrasi, dan kualitas pelayanan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam  membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kantor Samsat Kabupaten Muna. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer sebanyak 100 sampel dengan metode penentuan sampel accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi liner berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kesadaran wajib pajak, sanksi administrasi, dan kualitas pelayanan pajak secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kantor Samsat Kabupaten Muna. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat kesadaran wajib pajak dan penerapan sanksi administrasi yang tegas, serta kualitas pelayanan yang baik maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kantor Samsat Kabupaten Muna. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menambahkan variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak  sehingga dapat diketahui faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan dalam membayar pajak.Kata Kunci: Kesadaran Wajib Pajak; Sanksi Administrasi; Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak; Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
ANALISIS PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS TANPA AKUNTABILITAS PUBLIK (SAK ETAP) ATAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN KOPERASI KREDIT BINTANG UTAMA DI KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Hadisantoso Erwin , Wawo Andi Basru , Erwin Erwin
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) atas Laporan Keuangan Koperasi Kredit Bintang Utama. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif atau berbentuk uraian. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik wawancara (interview) dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) Laporan keuangan yang disusun Koperasi Kredit Bintang Utama terdiri dari Neraca, Laporan Sisa Hasil Usaha, dan Laporan Dana Sosial, (2) Pada neraca Koperasi Kredit Bintang Utama belum mencantumkan penyisihan piutang tak tertagih, (3) Pada konsep ekuitas Koperasi Kredit Bintang Utama mengakui simpanan suka rela sebagai bagian dari modal koperasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Koperasi sebagai badan hukum wajib patuh terhadap ketentuan dan peraturan / perundang-undangan yang berlaku, demikian juga untuk penyusunan laporan keuangan. Sebagai yang tidak memilliki akuntabilitas publik disyaratkan dalam Peraturan Mentri Keuangan dan Usaha Kecil Menengah no. 12 tahun 2015 bahwa penyusunan laporan keuangan harus berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP).Kata Kunci: SAK ETAP; Koperasi Kredit; Penyajian Laporan Keuangan
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA YANG BERSUMBER DARI DANA DESA (DD) UNTUK PENANGANAN COVID-19 (Studi Desa Labone Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna Tahun 2020)
Authors: Akib Mulyati , Yusuf Satira , Samir La Ode Sun
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalokasian Dana Desa (DD) di Desa Labone apakah sudah sesui dengan juknis pengelolaan keuangan desa dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa : (1). Rincian Pengalokasian Dana Desa (DD) di Desa Labone Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna tahun 2020 sudah sesuai pada rincian pembiayaan yang diatur dalam Permendesa, PDTT Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang prioritas penggunaan Dana Desa dimasa pandemi  Covid-19. (2). Besaran anggaran belanja dari pengalokasian Dana BLTDes di Desa Labone Kecamatan Laalepa Kabupaten Muna tahun 2020 tidak sesuai juknis pengelolaan Dana Desa tahun 2020 sebagaimana tertuang dalam Permendesa dan PDTT Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang pengelolaan Dana Desa dimasa pandemi  Covid-19. (3). Pengelolaan keuangan Dana Desa di Desa Labone Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna tahun 2020 untuk tahap perencanaan anggaran dan pelaksanaan sudah dilakukan dengan baik sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku namun untuk tahap penatausahaan dan laporan pertanggungjawaban keuangan desa belum dilakukan dengan baik.Kata Kunci : Dana Desa; Penanganan Covid-19
PENGARUH INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI)
Authors: Mirosea Nitri , Sari Ika Maya , Israwati Wa Ode
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Investment Opportunity Set  terhadap return saham  perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2015 - 2019. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015 -2019. Sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dalam kriteria pemilihan sampel, sehingga sampel yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 31 perusahaan dengan waktu pengamatan selama 5 tahun sehingga data pengamatan sebanyak 155. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari, situs perusahaan dan www.idx.co.id.  Penelitian ini menggunakan faktor umum dengan menggunakan proxy Investment Opportunity Set yaitu Market To Book Value Of Asset dan Earning Per Share/Price . Pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Investment Opportunity Set berpengaruh signifika terhadap return saham. Perusahaan dengan Investment Opportunity Set cenderung dinilai positif oleh investor karena memiliki prospek keuntungan di masa depan. Dengan demikian, kemungkinan Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi kesempatan investasi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh perusahaan maka meningkatkan return saham yang akan diterima oleh investor. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menambahkan variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi return saham dengan menambahkan proxy selain Investment Opportunity Set.Kata kunci: Investment Opportunity Set; Market To Book Value Of Asset; Earning Per Share/Price; Return Saham
PENGARUH BELANJA MODAL TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Abdullah Muntu , Sari Ika Maya , N. Yuliana Amelia
Published: April 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Belanja Modal terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Kendari. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa belanja modal dan kinerja keuangan yang dihitung dari pendapatan asli daerah, total penerimaan daerah tahun 2015-2019. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah persamaan regresi linear sederhana, uji t, uji koefisien determinasi (R2). Hasil persamaan diperoleh Y = 0,613 + 0,146X. berdasarkan nilai konstanta sebesar 0,613 maka kinerja keuangan di kota kendari bernilai positif sebelum dipengaruhi oleh belanja modal. Koefisien regresi sebesar 0,146 menunjukkan bahwa belanja modal memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja keuangan daerah kota kendari dan jika belanja modal meningkat 1 % maka kinerja keuangan kota kendari akan meningkat sebesar 0,613 %. Hasil uji t diperoleh nilai prob t statistik < 5% (0,01-0,05) dapat dinyatakan bahwa belanja modal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan di kota kendari. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,070 atau sebesar 7,07% variabel belanja modal memberikan kontribusi terhadap kinerja keuangan kota kendari, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 92,3% dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak masuk dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci : Belanja Modal; Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah; Pendapatan Asli Daerah
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN PERATURAN PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DENGAN PREFERENSI RISIKO SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Kota Kendari)
Authors: Tamburaka Sulvariany , Awaluddin Ishak , Sari Yusrina
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran preferensi risiko dalam memoderasi pengaruh pemahaman peraturan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi di Kota Kendari. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah WP Orang Pribadi yang berada di Kota Kendari dan terdaftar di KPP Pratama Kendari yang berjumlah 120.431 Wajib Pajak. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Accidental Sampling dengan rumus formula slovin yang berjumlah 100 sampel. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi linear sederhana dan analisis regresi moderasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pemahaman peraturan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. (2) preferensi risiko tidak memoderasi hubungan pemahaman peraturan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.Kata Kunci: Pemahaman Peraturan Pajak; Preferensi Risiko; Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PENERIMAAN KAS PADA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM KARYA SAMATURU KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Wawo Andi Basru , Nurdin Emillia , Hasriati Wa Ode
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengendalian intern penerimaan kas pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Karya Samaturu Kota Kendari. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, dokumentasi dan kuosioner. Penelitian ni menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang menjelaskan analisis sistem pengendalian intern penerimaan kas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis tentang sistem pengendalian intern penerimaan kas pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Karya Samaturu Kota Kendari adalah sudah memadai karena adanya struktur organisasi, pembagian tugas dan wewenang yang sudah jelas sesuai dengan bagian masing-masing, dan praktik yang sehat dengan adanya bukti penerimaan kas bernomor urut, kemudian juga memiliki karyawan yang mempunyai keahlian di bidang pekerjaan masing-masing.Kata Kunci: Sistem Pengendalian Intern; Penerimaan Kas; Koperasi
PENGARUH KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI DAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KUALITAS LABA (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI)
Authors: Safaruddin Safaruddin , Mas’ud Arifuddin , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konservatisme akuntansi dan good corporate governance terhadap kualitas laba. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur pada sektor industri barang konsumsi, yaitu sub sektor makanan dan minuman dan sub sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2020. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling  dalam kriteria pemilihan sampel. Sampel yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 31 perusahaan pada sub sektor makanan dan minuman dan sub sektor farmasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel konservatisme akuntansi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas laba. Hal ini dikarenakan perusahaan manufaktur yang menerapkan prinsip konservatisme akuntansi dalam melaporkan kondisi keuangan perusahaan, maka akan menurunkan kualitas laba yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan. Sedangkan variabel good corporate governance tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas laba. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman terhadap penerapan good corporate governance dalam perusahaan manufaktur, sehingga laba yang dihasilkan menjadi tidak berkualitas.Kata Kunci : Konservatisme Akuntasi; Good Corporate Governance; dan Kualitas Laba
PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI UNTUK ASET BERSEJARAH (Studi Pada Gua Liangkabori Kabupaten Muna)
Authors: Rika Abdul Rachman , Labangu Yuli Lestari
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan penyajian aset bersejarah Gua Liangkabori meliputi pengakuan, penilaian, penyajian dan pengungkapan dan menganalisa kesesuaian penerapan standar akuntansi yang berlaku terhadap pelaporan akuntansi aset bersejarah oleh lembaga pengelola aset bersejarah Gua Liangkabori. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UPTD Museum Bharugano Wuna selaku pengelola aset bersejarah Kabupaten Muna tidak melakukan penilain terhadap aset bersejarah Gua Liangkabori baik menggunakan nilai perolehan maupun revaluasi, hal ini diakibatkan oleh belum adanya kebijakan dari Kementerian untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap aset bersejarah Gua Liangkabori. Sementara itu, Penyajian dan pengungkapan aset bersejarah kedalam laporan keuangan oleh UPTD Museum Bharugano Wuna tidak dicatat didalam Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan ataupun Neraca, tetapi dicatat didalam Laporan Barang Milik Negara. Hal tersebut menunjukan perlakuan akuntansi aset bersejarah Gua Liangkabori belum sepenuhnya menerapkan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan 07 yang terdapat dalam lampiran Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2010.Kata kunci: Perlakuan akuntansi; Aset bersejarah
ANALISIS POTENSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK HOTEL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Mas’ud Arifuddin , Dharmawati Tuti , Teresa Lady Hyllari
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui potensi dan efektivitas pemungutan pajak hotel di Kota Kendari. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data kuantitatif berupa laporan potensi pajak hotel dan realisasi penerimaan pajak hotel di Kota Kendari. Data Kualitatif berupa  penjelasan dan uraian informasi diperoleh dari pegawai Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Kendari. Metode analisis data yang digunakan peneliti yaitu perhitungan potensi dan perhitungan efektivitas pajak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaPotensi Pajak Hotel di Kota Kendari setiap tahunnya mengalami fluktuasi. Dimana potensi pajak hotel terbesasar ialah pada Tahun 2017 sebesar Rp2.746.336.927.666. Dan potensi pajak hotel terendah pada tahun 2016 sebesar Rp1.543.563.579.087. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat hunian serta jumlah hotel yang berubah-ubah setiap tahunnya.  Tingkat efektivitas pajak hotel di Kota Kendari selama periode penelitian yaitu dari tahun 2016-2019 mengalami peningkatan akan tetapi nilai presentasenya mengalami penurunan. Dimana tingkat efektivitas tertinggi pada tahun 2016 mencapai 109,71%. Dan tingkat efektivitas terendah pada tahun 2019 mencapai 90,08%, disebakan karena semakin menurunnya wajib pajak yang dapat melunasi kewajibanya dengan tepat waktu, namun apabila dirata-ratakan mencapai 103,03% sehingga dikategorikan sangat efektif.Kata Kunci :  Potensi; Efektivitas; Pajak Hotel; Pendapatan Asli Daerah
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN FISKUS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI (Studi Pada KPP Pratama Kendari)
Authors: Yusuf Satira , Hasbudin Hasbudin , Ramadhan Aris Sandi
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskus Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Kendari yang seluruhnya berjumlah 233.650 wajib pajak. Metode pengambilan sampel yaitu insidental sampling menggunakan metode rumus slovin sebanyak 100 orang. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan fiskus berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila pelayanan yang diberikan oleh petugas pajak baik maka kepatuhan wajib pajak akan semakin meningkat. Indikator yang dominan mempengaruhi variabel kualitas pelayanan fiskus adalah indikator penanganan masalah dengan cepat.Kata Kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskus; Kepatuhan; Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Características clínico-patológicas de pacientes jóvenes con Cáncer de mama en un Centro Oncológico en Medellín
Authors: Cala-Ayala Ángela , Uribe-Castaño Alejandro , Llinás Quintero Néstor , Elsa Vásquez-Trespalacios Elsa , Gallón Villegas Luis
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is the main neoplasm in women, and an increased incidence has been reported in young people under 40 years of age. The objective of the present study was to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with invasive breast cancer, under 40 years old, treated at a reference oncology center in Medellín-Colombia.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out by the statistics department of the Vida Clinic (Colombian Cancer Foundation) from January 2015 to December 2019. The sample was nonprob-abilistic of patients with an oncological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. Age, type of cancer, fami-ly history, recurrence, and mortality were recorded. Descriptive statistics are used.
Results: Of 2332 cases of new invasive breast cancer, 261 were identified in women under 49 years, 11.19% (95% CI 11.17-11.22%), age 34.2±4 years. 16.5% in those under 30 years of age, 40.2% in women between 30 and 45 years of age, and 42.2% in women between 35 and 40 years of age. The main presentation was a self-detected palpable mass. The molecular subtypes luminal A 16%, lu-minal B 48.3%, Her2 enriched 11.2%, and triple-negative 21.6%. A total of 27% had a family history. Recurrence was 14%, and mortality was 14.9%.
Conclusion: Eleven percent of patients with breast cancer in this series were young women, with a presentation in more advanced stages and unfavorable molecular biology, which requires more ag-gressive and radical management. This highlights the importance of timely diagnosis in young women with breast injuries.
Coping Strategies of Female Return Migrants Settled in East and West Arsi Zones of Ethiopia
Authors: Kimo Kassim , Gurmu Gezahegn
Published: April 2022

The study was intended to assess coping strategies that the women return migrants had used to overcome stressors encountered following their return from Arab countries. Descriptive research design was employed for the present study. The study participants were 147 female individuals sampled from 238 return migrants settled in East and West Arsi Zones of Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The Brief COPE Scale (Carver, 1997) was used to assess different coping behaviors and thoughts the individuals had employed in response to stressors. Results indicated that half of the return migrants had employed self distracting coping strategy to respond to their stressors. About fifty percent of them had relied on religion to get relief from stressors. In terms of the composite subscales, about fifty-four percent of them had employed problem focused coping in trying to react to stressors; while, fifty-one percent of them had employed dysfunctional coping strategy. The number of the participants whose reaction was emotion focused were forty-six percent. The overall data on the total scale showed that fifty-seven of the return migrants had more than average score indicating their preference to employ the coping strategies. Majority of the participants’ tendency to opt for the coping strategies had association with their demographics. Significant differences were also observed between and among the participants with respect to their demographics.
Impact of Levels of Education on Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Students
Authors: F. Rezvan Anita , Srimathi N. L.
Published: April 2022

Depression and anxiety had been among the most common mental health concerns reported in students across academic levels. With increased globalization, the influx of international students pursuing various professional courses in different countries has increased manifold in recent years. A bulk of research investigating the factors that affect health and adjustment of international students describe the unique challenges faced by them in adapting to new cultural environment and making successful transition. The present research focused on examining depression and anxiety among male and female Iranian students in India. The study sample consisted 300 male and 300 female students totaling to 600 students who were pursuing graduate, post graduate, doctoral, and post-doctoral degrees. Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 2001) and IPAT Anxiety scale (Cattel, Krug, & Scheier, 1976) were used to assess depression and anxiety; respectively. Results indicated that education level did not have a significant impact on depression and anxiety implying that Iranian students in India experience similar levels of depression and anxiety irrespective of their varied educational background. However, gender-wise comparison reveals a statistically significant difference, with female students reporting higher rates of depression and anxiety than their male counterparts. Therefore, it is necessary to address depression and anxiety at the earliest during college years so as to arrest their negative impact on academic outcomes.
Unmanned Aircraft Collision Detection and Avoidance for Dealing with Multiple Hazards
Authors: Corraro Federico , Corraro Gianluca , Cuciniello Giovanni , Garbarino Luca
Published: April 2022

Collision Detection and Avoidance is one of the critical technologies for fully allowing Unmanned Aerial Systems to fly in civil airspaces. Current methods evaluate only potential conflicts with other aircraft using specific parameters (e.g., time or distance to closest point of approach) that can only be used for pair-wise encounters, not considering the surrounding environment. The present work proposes a new Collision Detection and Avoidance concept to solve short-term conflicts in scenarios characterized by the simultaneous presence of aircraft and other path constraints (i.e., no-fly zones, bad weather areas and terrain) including geo-fencing limitations. Differently from other open literature methods, the proposed algorithm computes two parameters that synthetically describe the conflict hazard level of a given scenario and its possible evolution, independently from the type and the number of surrounding potential threats. Using such indices, a risk evaluation strategy is proposed that detects hazardous situations and generates an optimal maneuver avoiding potential collisions while not causing secondary conflicts. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by means of fast-time and real time simulations in some challenging conflict scenarios that cannot be solved by state of the art Detect and Avoid systems.
Flowering Behavior and Selection of Hybrid Potato Clones through LXT Breeding Approaches
Authors: Amin Md. Nurul , Rahman Md. Mushfiqur , Rahman Mosaddiqur , Al Mahmud Abdullah , Naznin Afroz , Islam Md. Mazadul , Kundu Bimal Chandra , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Gaber Ahmed , Ahmed Sharif
Published: April 2022

Potato breeding in Bangladesh is very challenging because it is grown in the short winter season, and flowering does not occur naturally, explaining why artificial lighting and extra care are needed. In addition, the breeding scheme is mainly focused on improving potato yield, followed by tuber quality. The goal of this study was to choose male parents, as well as the effect of environment, on flowering and fruit (berry) setting and to estimate the combining ability among promising BARI-released potato varieties in the second filial generation. Lines of seven Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) varieties were crossed with two BARI variety potato parents as the tester (Line × tester). The BARI Alu-86, BARI Alu-72, BARI Alu-73, and BARI Alu-53 were selected as the best male parents based on the abundance of pollen and fruit set. In both years, flower initiation days varied among clones. For the majority of the traits, such as plant height, tuber number, and yield per plant, the variance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) varied. The inheritance of the considered trait was predominant by non-additive gene action. Concerning general combining ability, for plant height, parents ‘BARI Alu-41’ and ‘BARI Alu-53’, for stem per hill, ‘BARI Alu-79′, for tuber number, ‘BARI Alu-37’, and for yield, ‘BARI Alu-37’ and ‘BARI Alu-79’ contributed complementary favorable alleles. The specific combining ability indicated ‘BARI Alu-37’ × ‘BARI Alu-86’ and ‘BARI Alu-77’ × ‘BARI Alu-72’ were the best potential hybrid families for the production of improved genotypes of tuber yield and tuber number. This study will help to design a breeding program following potato population development and the selection of progeny before their utilization as progenitors.
Technical Efficiency and Economic Analysis of Rice Crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Khan Salman , Shah Syed Attaullah , Ali Shahid , Ali Amjad , Almas Lal K. , Shaheen Sania
Published: April 2022

Pakistan is one of the world’s leading producers, exporters, and consumers of rice. This study analyzes the technical efficiency of rice growing farmers in the Swat district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to interview 204 rice growers through a well-structured and pretested interview schedule. The maximum likelihood function results showed that chemicals, urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), labor, and farmyard manure (FYM-dummy) were positive and had a statistically significant effect on rice yield; this implies that a 1% increase in chemicals, urea, DAP, labor, and FYM leads to an increase in rice production by 0.22%, 0.25%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.01%, respectively. The estimated results of model 2 reported that respondents’ age had a positive significant effect on inefficiency, showing that with a rise in farmers’ age, the farmers’ inefficiency significantly increased. The education and experience of farmers were negative and significant, implying that these variables significantly decreased the farmers’ inefficiency. Furthermore, the results showed the mean technical efficiency as 87%, with a minimum of 66% and a maximum of 99%. The study recommends that the extension department needs to arrange training programs for the rice growers in this specific area to boost rice yield, enhance agronomic skills, and facilitate these farmers with the technical knowledge for efficient production.
Identifying the Policy Instrument Interactions to Enable the Public Procurement of Sustainable Food
Authors: Parsons Kelly , Barling David
Published: April 2022

A public food procurement policy has been identified as having significant potential to drive food consumption and production towards greater sustainability, delivering social, economic, environmental, and health benefits to multiple beneficiaries. However, empirical research reveals that the potential of public procurement of sustainable food (PPSF) is not currently being realised, with studies from a range of different countries identifying stubborn barriers. Situating PPSF within the complex multi-instrument setting of the broader policy system, and utilising the concept of policy interactions, can help to explain, articulate, and provide pathways to address barriers identified in empirical studies on PPSF. A desk survey of PPSF in different countries identified the range of instruments which interact with procurement policy. The findings detail PPSF instruments interacting with many other policy instruments, resulting in both positive reinforcing and negative undermining effects. Taken as a whole, these interactions suggest a ‘policy package’ of instruments which should be considered in PPSF policy design to maximise effectiveness and capitalise on its transformative potential.
Analysis of Influencing Factors and Operation Quality Evaluation Strategy of Straw Crushing and Scattering System
Authors: Wang Bokai , Gu Fengwei , Wu Feng , Ma Junteng , Yang Hongchen , Hu Zhichao
Published: April 2022

First, through a single factor test, it was determined that the conveying and feeding speed range was 0.9~1.5 m/s, the rotating speed range of straw chopper shaft was 1900~2300 r/min, and the moisture content of straw was 26~34%. Then the Box–Behnken experimental design method was adopted, with conveying and feeding speed, cutter shaft rotation speed, and straw moisture content as influencing factors; small and stable specific power consumption and maximum coverage uniformity are taken as evaluation indexes. The influence rules of various factors on operation indexes were analyzed, and response surface analysis was carried out. Further, the optimization function in Design-Expert12.0 was used to determine the optimal parameter combination as follows: Conveying and feeding speed of 0.8 m/s, rotating speed of cutter shaft of 2059.9 r/min, moisture content of straw of 30.7%, corresponding specific power consumption and coverage uniformity of 1163 J/s2 and 99.1%, respectively. Finally, the seeding system was mounted behind the straw crushing and scattering system for a field verification test. The results showed that when the crushing and scattering system of the whole machine operates with the design parameters, the specific power consumption was 1260 J/s2, the uniformity of straw coverage was 94.7%, and the error with the experimental value was less than 5%. The effect was better than the standard requirement. The test realized the crushing and uniform coverage of high-quality straw residues after rice harvest, which proved the scientific and reliable test-bed of the crushing and scattering system.
A Data-Driven Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Method for Liquid-Carrying Plant Protection UAVs
Authors: Ahmed Shibbir , Qiu Baijing , Kong Chun-Wei , Xin Huang , Ahmad Fiaz , Lin Jinlong
Published: April 2022

Autonomous sprayer UAVs are one of the most used aerial machines in modern agriculture. During flight missions, some common narrow obstacles appear in the flying zone. These are non-detectable from satellite images and one of the biggest challenges for autonomous sprayer UAVs in farmland. This work introduces an obstacle avoidance architecture specifically for sprayer UAVs. This architecture has generality in the spraying UAV problem, and it reduces the reliance on the global mapping of farmland. This approach computes the avoiding path based on the onboard sensor fusion system in real-time. Moreover, it autonomously determines the transition of several maneuver states using the current spraying liquid data and the UAV dynamics data obtained by offline system identification. This approach accurately tracks the avoidance path for the nonlinear time-variant spraying UAV systems. To verify the performance of the approach, we performed multiple simulations with different spraying missions, and the method demonstrated a high spraying coverage of more than 98% while successfully avoiding all vertical obstacles. We also demonstrated the adaptability of our control architecture; the safe distance between the UAV and obstacles can be changed by specifying the value of a high-level parameter on the controller. The proposed method adds value to precision agriculture, reduces mission time, and maximizes the spraying area coverage.
Biological, Nutritive, Functional and Healthy Potential of Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Current Research and Future Prospects
Authors: Fernández-López Juana , Viuda-Martos Manuel , Sayas-Barberá Estrella , Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera Casilda , Pérez-Álvarez José Ángel
Published: April 2022

Date palm cultivation is highly relevant, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, mainly due to the fact that it is considered an eco-efficient crop (based on its few growth requirements and the fact that it is economic and sustainable) that produces a nutritious fruit (date fruit). Recently, its implantation has rapidly spread to other areas of the world as a viable option to fight against the consequences of climate change, but also due to several health benefits associated with date fruit (pulp and seeds) which make them a potential source of functional food ingredients. This review provides detailed recent information on the nutrition, nutraceuticals and bioactive properties of date palm fruit (reinforced with in vitro and in vivo evidences) and their potential for developing novel and functional foods as a way to highlight the wide possibilities for this crop. Date fruits are rich in phytochemicals, such as phenolics, anthocyanin, carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols and dietary fiber, which have been linked with their biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, anticancer and antitoxic properties) and are responsible for their use in the prevention and control of current diseases such as diabetes, cancer and gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in industrialized countries.
Morphometric Relationships, Growth and Condition Factors of Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
Authors: Suwal Tulshi Laxmi , Chi Meng-Jou , Tsai Chi-Feng , Chan Fang-Tse , Lin Kuei-Hsien , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi
Published: April 2022

Morphometric relationships and condition factors are crucial to quickly understanding the fitness and well-being of animals. Total length (cm) and bodyweight (g) of 282 (male = 167 and female = 115) pangolins were accounted for in this study which was received and rehabilitated in Pingtung Rescued Center, Pingtung and Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan. The allometric equation; W = aLb was used to estimate the length-weight relationships where R2 = 0.70, a = 0.61, and b = 1.98. The ratio of total body length and tail length was between 1.1 and 2.7. Pangolins exhibited negative allometric growth (b < 3) as their length increased. The average relative condition factor (KR) was 1.04, indicating a state of good health for rescued individuals. However, Fulton condition factor (KF) and KR fluctuated in different months but was significantly heavier during the wet seasons. This study recommended to release healthy animals with KF of 0.8 or higher back into the wild in order to increase their survival rate. The study, thus will be helpful to promote standardized guidelines for conducting physical measurements and understanding health status. Additionally, it will support the recovery of this threatened species by husbandry and diet management in ex-situ and in-situ conservation.
Effects of Postbiotics and Paraprobiotics as Replacements for Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Small Intestine Histomorphology, Immune Status and Hepatic Growth Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Danladi Yohanna , Loh Teck Chwen , Foo Hooi Ling , Akit Henny , Md Tamrin Nur Aida , Naeem Azizi Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Background: This experiment was designed to investigate how replacing antibiotics with postbiotics and paraprobiotics could affect growth performance, small intestine morphology, immune status, and hepatic growth gene expression in broiler chickens. Methods: The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) in which eight treatments were replicated six times with seven birds per replicate. A total of 336, one-day-old (COBB 500) chicks were fed with the eight treatment diets, which include T1 = negative control (Basal diet), T2 = positive control (Basal diet + 0.01% (w/w) Oxytetracycline), T3 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic TL1, T4 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic RS5, T5 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RG11, T6 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic RI11, T7 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RG14, T8 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RI11, for 35 days in a closed house system. Results: The growth performance indicators (final body weight, cumulative weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. However, feed intake recorded a significant (p < 0.05) change in the starter and finisher phases across the dietary treatments. Paraprobiotic RG14 had significantly (p < 0.05) lower abdominal fat and intestines. Villi heights were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while the crypt depth decreased significantly due to dietary treatments. The dietary treatments significantly influenced colon mucosa sIgA (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma immunoglobulin IgM level recorded significant (p < 0.05) changes at the finisher phase. In this current study, the hepatic GHR and IGF-1 expressions were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by postbiotics and paraprobiotics supplementation. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that postbiotics and paraprobiotics differ in their effect on broiler chickens. However, they can replace antibiotics without compromising the growth performance, carcass yield, and immune status of broiler chickens.
Evaluation of the Correspondence between the Concentration of Antimicrobials Entering Sewage Treatment Plant Influent and the Predicted Concentration of Antimicrobials Using Annual Sales, Shipping, and Prescriptions Data
Authors: Azuma Takashi , Nakano Takashi , Koizumi Ryuji , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Ohmagari Norio , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: April 2022

The accuracy and correspondence between the measured concentrations from the survey and predicted concentrations on the basis of the three types of statistical antimicrobial use in Japan was evaluated. A monitoring survey of ten representative antimicrobials: ampicillin (APL), cefdinir (CDN), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPXP), ciprofloxacin (CFX), clarithromycin (CTM), doxycycline (DCL), levofloxacin (LFX), minocycline (MCL), tetracycline (TCL), and vancomycin (VMC), in the influent of sewage treatment plant (STP) located in urban areas of Japan, was conducted. Then, the measured values were verified in comparison with the predicted values estimated from the shipping volumes, sales volumes, and prescription volumes based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB). The results indicate that the correspondence ratios between the predicted concentrations calculated on the basis of shipping and NDB volumes and the measured concentrations (predicted concentration/measured concentration) generally agreed for the detected concentration of antimicrobials in the STP influent. The correspondence ratio on the basis of shipping volume was, for CFX, 0.1; CTM, 2.9; LFX, 0.5; MCL, 1.9; and VMC, 1.7, and on the basis of NDB volume the measured concentration was CFX, 0.1; CTM, 3.7; DCL, 0.4; LFX, 0.7; MCL, 1.9; TCL, 0.6; and VMC, 1.6. To our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the accuracy of predicted concentrations based on sales, shipping, NDB statistics and measured concentrations for antimicrobials in the STP influent.
Surveillance Study of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Giant Panda Revealed High Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Therapy Challenge
Authors: Feng Yang , Chen Yaoyan , Liu Songrui , Hou Rong , Yan Xia , Geng Yi , Zhong Zhijun , Guo Hongrui , Ouyang Ping , Zhang Dongsheng , Su Xiaoyan
Published: April 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is not only a worldwide human pathogen, it also effects wildlife, such as the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), in which it has recently been evidenced to result in diarrhea, organ failure, and even death. A K. pneumoniae investigation was carried out at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in 2018. As part of the investigation, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, multilocus-sequence typing (MLST), antibiotic resistance profiles (ARPs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were studied based on all isolates. Fecal samples were collected from 72 A. melanoleuca from May to December 2018, and a total of 90 K. pneumoniae were isolated from 153 fecal samples. The genotyping results showed that the isolates had high diversity, of which 84 clusters were obtained by PFGE and 57 STs by MLST. The overall trend of the similarity of isolates was the first sample period > second sample period > third sample period, which showed the increasement of genome variability of K. pneumoniae. In addition, 90 isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, rifampicin, and compound sulfamethoxazole. Of the obtained isolates, 50% carried 6~8 ARPs, and the carrying volume increased during three sample periods, in which we found two isolates carrying 12 and 13 ARPs during the third sample period, respectively. Moreover, a total of 65 ARGs were detected (90.28%, 65/72) in 90 K. pneumoniae samples. Almost all bacteria sampled contained 17 ARGs that belonged to the β-lactamase, Multidrug, MGEs, Aminoglycoside, and Tetracycline, which may be the basis of ARPs of K. pneumoniae. Moreover, the types of Multidrug and MGEs had a greater impact on antibiotic susceptivity of K. pneumoniae. Our results showed that K. pneumoniae has a serious risk of transmission in A. melanoleuca and K. pneumoniae had a high possibility of genome diversity and the risk of drugs tolerance under the large antibiotic usage.
Microbiome Modulation as a Novel Strategy to Treat and Prevent Respiratory Infections
Authors: Mindt Barbara C. , DiGiandomenico Antonio
Published: April 2022

Acute and chronic lower airway disease still represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. With the steady rise of multidrug-resistant respiratory pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, we are rapidly approaching the advent of a post-antibiotic era. In addition, potentially detrimental novel variants of respiratory viruses continuously emerge with the most prominent recent example being severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To this end, alternative preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies will be critical to combat airway infections in the future. Chronic respiratory diseases are associated with alterations in the lung and gut microbiome, which is thought to contribute to disease progression and increased susceptibility to infection with respiratory pathogens. In this review we will focus on how modulating and harnessing the microbiome may pose a novel strategy to prevent and treat pulmonary infections as well as chronic respiratory disease.