bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Machine Learning for Limes Classification Based Upon Thai Agricultural Standard No. TAS 27-2017
Authors: Kengpol Athakorn , Klaiklueng Alongkorn
Published: January 2024

Accurately classifying the limes quality of limes according to established standards is paramount for instilling trust in farmers' trading of agricultural produce. Historically, machinery has been employed to categorize the lime quality, with dual objectives of cost reduction and error mitigation, thereby facilitating the classifying process. Nevertheless, deploying such machinery to classify limes in their fresh produce form, intended for consumer sale, has encountered limitations imposed by the stringent criteria stipulated in Thai Agricultural Standards No. TAS 27-2017, a standard derived from the Codex Standard and widely adopted by numerous countries. Considering these constraints, the presented research aims to enhance the efficiency of limes classification, adhering to the standards. The Machine Learning System is designed to recognize and categorize limes based upon their skin color and defects to achieve this goal. This system employed convolutional neural network (CNN) models in conjunction with logistic regression equations, which are unavailable in the literature. The research findings indicate that this system is proficient in accurately presenting lime images and their corresponding quality classes via a Graphical User Interface on a computer screen, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 90%. The implications of this research extend to the agricultural sector by augmenting the efficacy of Machine Learning for classifying limes in compliance with Thai Agricultural Standard No. TAS 27-2017. Furthermore, the methodology developed in this study can find applicability in classifying other agricultural products.
Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Crescentia cujete L Leaves Extract and The Photocatalytic Activities Towards Methylene Blue
Authors: Yanti Demi Dama , Aprilia Sintia , Ariwahjoedi Bambang , Serunting Muhamad Allan , Cane Hawa Purnama Celala Ary
Published: January 2024

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method and using water extract of Crescentia cujete L leaves as a capping agent. ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite structure were successfully synthesized with low production cost and environmentally friendly. According to XRD characterization, there is no impurity peak, indicating the ZnO nanoparticles have high purity and crystallinity. SEM images show the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles with semi-spherical shapes and an average size of 32.49 nm. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated using a UV A lamp as a source of photonic energy toward methylene blue dye. Various irradiation times were carried out from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, to 50 minutes, and a UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the concentration of methylene blue remains in collected samples. Increasing the irradiation times leads to increasing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles. At 50 minutes of exposure to a UV A lamp, the degradation percentage of methylene blue dye is 36.37%.
The Real “Stolen Election”: Frank Hague and New Jersey’s 1937 Race for Governor
Authors: M. Murray Joseph
Published: January 2024

“Research Notes” allows scholars to share their works in progress (or update prior works) and solicit feedback from others in the New Jersey history community. All are welcome to contribute—simply send submissions for inclusion in future issues to the editor.
De la protection de l’environnement dans les Constitutions Algeriennes
Authors: Tabti Rabah
Published: January 2024

Depuis son indépendance en 1962, l’Algérie a subi des transformations politiques et environnementales. Malgré les obstacles de la reconstruction, la préoccupation environnementale s’est graduellement inscrite dans les textes fondamentaux du pays, notamment les chartes et les constitutions. Même si la constitution de 1963 était muette sur l’environnement, révélant un manque d’attention à l’époque ; mais depuis 1976, des évolutions significatives ont surgi, avec l’implémentation de politiques environnementales axées sur la préservation de la nature. Les chartes nationales de 1976 et 1986, ainsi que les constitutions de 1976, 1989, 1996, 2008, 2016 et particulièrement celle de 2020, ont toutes impulsé des mesures pour la protection de l’environnement. Ces textes fondamentaux sont sans équivoque quant à l’urgence de préserver la nature face au dérèglement climatique et à la nécessité d’une action immédiate. Ces évolutions législatives, notables et révolutionnaires, ont élevé le statut de l’environnement dans le cadre législatif et juridique algérien, témoignant d’une harmonie retrouvée entre l’Algérie, ses valeurs culturelles, son histoire et ses engagements internationaux.
Dans ce contexte, une lecture critique a scruté la prise en charge de l’environnement et du climat dans les diverses constitutions et textes juridiques algériens. Les résultats mettent en avant l’importance attribuée à la protection de la nature dans ces documents, tout en soulignant le besoin d’une mise en œuvre plus efficace sur le terrain. Malgré les progrès notables depuis l’indépendance, avec l’émergence de politiques environnementales et l’intégration de la question environnementale dans les textes fondamentaux, l’Algérie doit encore déployer d’importants efforts pour concrétiser ces lois et véritablement préserver la nature sur son territoire.
Kształtowanie się nowoczesnej magistratury w okresie Księstwa Warszawskiego
Authors: Krzymkowski Marek
Published: January 2024

W wyniku wojny francusko-pruskiej w latach 1806-1807 na części ziem polskich II i III zaboru pruskiego zostało utworzone Księstwo Warszawskie. Jednym z podstawowych zadań władz tego państwa było zbudowanie sprawnego aparatu administracyjnego. Na jego czele stal król saski i zarazem książę warszawski, któremu podlegały wszystkie organy rządowe. Resorty były zorganizowane w ministerstwa, którymi kierowali ministrowie. Szczególną rolę w tym systemie odgrywała Rada Stanu. Administracja terytorialna oparta była na podziale na departamenty, powiaty, municypalności oraz gminy miejskie i wiejskie. Wypełnianiem funkcji należących do zada tych organów zajmował się korpus urzędniczy
Stanowisko prawne urzędników administracyjnych i sądowych w Królestwie Polskim po powstaniu styczniowym
Authors: Bereza Arkadiusz , Smyk Grzegorz
Published: January 2024

Wybuch i klęska powstania styczniowego przesadziły o ostatecznym zwycięstwie w polityce rosyjskiej tendencji centralistycznych i unifikacyjnych. Zmierzały one do zniesienia odrębności prawno-ustrojowych Królestwa Polskiego i jego organicznego zespolenia z Cesarstwem Rosyjskim. Podstawowym celem władz carskich w tym okresie stało się umocnienie państwowości rosyjskiej w Królestwie, a środkami unifikacja i rusyfikacja prawodawstwa, administracji, szkolnictwa i sądownictwa, a także ustroju społecznego i gospodarczego, choć wszystkie te dziedziny radykalnie różniły się od sytuacji w Rosji.
Nauki historycznoprawne na Wydziałach Prawa i Administracji. Struktury-kadra-kierunki badań - dydaktyka
Authors: Sikorska-Dzięgielewska Krystyna
Published: January 2024

Poniżej zamieszczamy odpowiedzi na ankiet , które stanowiły podstaw przedstawionego wyżej opracowania i są jego uzupełnieniem. Mimo ponawianych prób nie otrzymali my niestety wszystkich danych, dlatego obraz środowiska nie jest kompletny. Dziękujemy serdecznie wszystkim, którzy odrywając się od innych zajęć , zareagowali na naszą prośbę i nadesłali materiały. Przedstawiamy odpowiedzi dotyczące następujących zagadnień : struktura i skład osobowy (A), główne kierunki bada naukowych (zrealizowane i realizowane) oraz ważniejsze publikacje książkowe ostatniej dekady (B), dydaktyka przedmiotów podstawowych i fakultatywnych (C). Zagadnie tych dotycz II, III, IV i V cz opracowania. Ponieważ otrzymali my odpowiedzi o różnym stopniu szczegółowo ci, dane dotycz ce niektórych środowisk nie są pełne.
Antoine Leca, La genèse du droit. Essai d’introduction historique au droit. 2000
Authors: Salmonowicz Stanisław
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Antoine Leca, La genèse du droit. (Essai d'introduction historique au droit), 2 édition, Presses Universitaires Aix-en-Provence-Marseillle 2000, ss. 451.
Louis Carlen, Orte, Gegenstände, Symbole kirchlichen Rechtslebens. Eine Einführung in die kirchliche Rechtsarchäologie, 1999
Authors: Gulczyński Andrzej
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Louis Carlen, Orte, Gegenstände, Symbole kirchlichen Rechtslebens. Eine Einführung in die kirchliche Rechtsarchäologie. Universitätsverlag, Freiburg Schweiz (1999).
Recht - Idee - Geschichte. Beiträge zur Rechts- und Ideengeschichte für Rolf Lieberwirth anläßlich seines 80. Geburtstages. Hrsg, von Heiner Lück und Berndt Schildt, Böhlau Verlag, Köln - Weimar - Wien 2000
Authors: Olszewski Henryk
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Recht - Idee - Geschichte. Beiträge zur Rechts - und Ideengeschichte für Rolf Lieberwirth anläßlich seines 80. Geburtstages. Hrsg. von Heiner Lück und Berndt Schildt, Böhlau Verlag, Köln - Weimar - Wien 2000.
Rita Sailer, Untertanenprozesse vor dem Reichskammergericht. Rechtsschutz gegen die Obrigkeit in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, 1999
Authors: Olszewski Henryk
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Rita Sailer, Untertanenprozesse vor dem Reichskammergericht. Rechtsschutz gegen die Obrigkeit in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, Böhlau Verlag (= Quellen und Forschungen zur Höchsten Gerichtsbarkeit im Alten Reich /33), Köln - Weimar - Wien 1999.
Arkadiusz Jacek Goclon, „Polska na królu pruskim zdobyta". Ustrój, administracja i sądownictwo doby Komisji Rządzącej w 1807 r„ 1999
Authors: Cichoń Paweł
Published: January 2024

Recenzja" Jacek Arkadiusz Goclon, „Polska na królu pruskim zdobyta" Ustrój, administracja i sądownictwo doby Komisji Rządzącej w 1807 roku. Wrocław 1999, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
Dariusz Szpoper, Sukcesorzy Wielkiego Księstwa. Myśl polityczna i działalność konserwatystów polskich na ziemiach litewsko-bialoruskich w latach 1904-1939, 1999
Authors: Zmierczak Maria
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Dariusz Szpoper, Sukcesorzy Wielkiego Księstwa. Myśl polityczna i działalność konserwatystów polskich na ziemiach litewsko-białoruskich w latach 1904-1939, wyd. Arche, Gdańsk 1999.
Wacław Zarzycki, Temida sejmowa. Z dziejów sądu sejmowego w Polsce przedrozbiorowej, 2000
Authors: Walaszek Marek
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Wacław Zarzycki, Temida sejmowa, Z dziejów sądu sejmowego w Polsce przedrozbiorowej, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2000.
Bringing the campaign closer to the voters: Facebook in partisan-managed campaigning in France
Authors: Neihouser Marie , Figeac Julien
Published: January 2024

During presidential campaigns, party members often operate Facebook pages or groups concurrently with the official communications of their respective political parties. However, there is limited evidence regarding the true motivations of these partisans, and how their efforts supplement the online strategies of the parties. Our study is based on interviews conducted with party members who ran Facebook pages to support a candidate during the 2022 French presidential campaign. It sheds light on how they managed their Facebook pages, often autonomously, to serve as supplementary tools to their grassroots tactics and ultimately to bring the campaign closer to the voters. This finding highlights the emergence of a hybrid model of online campaign organization, the partisan-managed campaigning model, which challenges both the traditional top-down model, in which the campaign is managed by the central party, and the more recent citizen-initiated campaign model.
Atomic-level mechanisms of short-circuit diffusion in materials
Authors: Chesser Ian , Koju Raj K. , Mishin Yuri
Published: January 2024

This paper reviews the recent progress in understanding the atomic mechanisms of short-circuit diffusion along materials interfaces, such as grain and interphase boundaries, as well as lattice and interfacial dislocations/disconnections. Recent atomistic computer simulations have shown that short-circuit diffusion is dominated by collective atomic rearrangements in the form of strings and rings of mobile atoms. The process is dynamically heterogeneous in space and time and has many features in common with atomic dynamics in supercooled glass-forming liquids. We discuss examples of grain boundary, interphase boundary, and dislocation diffusion in metals and alloys, including the solute effect on the diffusion rates and mechanisms. Interphase boundaries are exemplified by Al–Si interfaces with diverse orientation relationships and atomic structures. The hierarchy of short-circuit diffusion paths in materials is reviewed by comparing the rates of grain boundary, interphase boundary, and dislocation diffusion. Future directions in the field of short-circuit diffusion in defect core regions are discussed.
Magnetic properties of NdFeB-based alloy under high-pressure torsion
Authors: Mazilkin Andrey , Protasova Svetlana , Straumal Boris , Davdyan Gregory
Published: January 2024

When a multicomponent NdFeB-based magnetic alloy is deformed using high-pressure torsion (HPT), a quasi-stationary state is reached after 2.5 anvil revolutions, which corresponds to an equivalent strain of ∼40 at the sample mid-radius. In this state, torque self-oscillations are observed with a period of about 1.5 s and an amplitude of ∼10 % around the average value of 550 N m−1. Such self-oscillations are accompanied by strong acoustic emission. Before HPT, the alloy under study has an almost rectangular hysteresis loop with saturation magnetization J
s = 135 emu g−1 and coercivity H
c = 34.8 kOe. HPT deformation at initial stages transforms this alloy to the class of soft magnets: H
c drops to 1.35 × 10−4 kOe, while J
s practically does not change. An increase in strain leads to a gradual increase in H
c to 9.61 kOe and a decrease in J
s to ∼100 emu g−1 at the number of anvil revolutions n = 7. This is explained by HPT modification of the regular grain-boundary network of neodymium-rich paramagnetic phase layers. These layers provide magnetic isolation between grains of the Nd2Fe14B ferromagnetic phase. Periodic changes in torque and J
s with increasing torsion angle are caused by transitions from the amorphous phase to the crystalline one and vice versa.
Experimental investigation on the mechanical and wear behavior of epoxy/Indian almond/peepal hybrid composites
Authors: Xavier X. Roshan , Suderson K. , Viswanath K. , Velmurugan D.
Published: January 2024

Natural fiber-based hybrid composites are gaining more attention in industrial usage due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and simplicity of processing. In this research, an effort was made to create hybrid natural composites using Indian almond and peepal fibers for applications in the automotive industry. Composites were prepared with different volume fractions of Indian almond and peepal fibers using the hand layup process. The mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were tested. The epoxy/40 wt% peepal composite showed superior performance compared to all other composites due to the better strength of peepal fiber. Moreover, the same composite displayed the least wear loss and coefficient of friction (COF). The present study confirms that peepal fiber composites match the strength properties of existing industrial composite materials, and that they may be some of the alternative composites for automotive applications.
A round altar with a Carian inscription from Euromos
Authors: Kızıl Abuzer , Adiego Ignasi-Xavier
Published: January 2024

This article presents a new Carian inscription found in the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos in the Carian city of Euromos during excavations carried out in 2022. The inscription is carved on a round altar from the archaic period. The text is brief and incomplete, but its reading does not pose serious problems and an onomastic formula is recognisable.
Shaping the Pamphylian alphabet: the puzzle of the two digammas
Authors: Selvi Eleonora , Santamaria Andrea
Published: January 2024

The origins and development of the Pamphylian alphabet and its relations with the other Greek alphabetic traditions have so far remained obscure. This study aims at elucidating the feature that, more than any other, has resisted a safe interpretation: the coexistence, without parallels in the Greek world, of at least two graphemes, namely <Ͷ> and <Ϝ>, representing the posterior approximant. To unravel the intricacy, we adopt a novel perspective, namely the ‘corpus doctrinae theory’, in order to address potential biases arisen from structuralist approaches. Preliminarily, we argue, on the basis of the distribution of the two graphemes, that such a cohabitation cannot always be explained by phonetic reasons. Therefore, we discuss the selection of <Ͷ> and <Ϝ> in the broader frame of the formation and transmission of the Greek alphabets, showing that Pamphylian did not stem from a single matrix-script, but rather goes back to the NE Peloponnesian corpus doctrinae. Such a filiation explains the origins of <Ͷ>, as both its paleography and phonetic value show that it is an adaptation of the Corinthian- type .
New Lycian and Greek graffiti from Patara: edition and onomastic commentary
Authors: Réveilhac Florian , Dündar Erkan
Published: January 2024

In this article are published four new graffiti found in the Tepecik settlement in the Lycian harbour of Patara. These inscriptions, three of which are written in Lycian, and one in Greek, are dated from the mid-fifth to the first quarter of the third century BC. They correspond to Lycian personal names, most of which are new. Each of these forms is discussed in detail and compared with related names attested in other Anatolian languages.
Effect of welding parameters on cruciform weld joints made of armor steel
Authors: Uzunali Umut Yasar , Cuvalci Hamdullah
Published: January 2024

It is aimed to examine the effect of welding parameters on cruciform welded joints. Armor steels are used in military applications such as tracked and wheeled armored vehicles. These steels are quenched and tempered steels and have high yield stress and hardness. Although the increase in carbon equivalent increases the ballistic level together with the hardness value, weldability decreases. Therefore, the welding parameters of these steels must be determined carefully. Before the welding, chemical analysis, macro examination, hardness test, tensile tests and ultrasonic examination were carried out to verify the material properties. After the verification tests, plates were welded with three different welding parameters to observe the changing of the mechanical properties. After the welding process, welded pieces were subjected to non-destructive tests to inspect the weld imperfections. After the inspection, welded specimens were subjected to hardness test, macro examination and tensile tests. In addition to these tests, weld penetration (WP) measurements were performed with a new assessment method. In this measurement method, unit of area takes into consideration instead of the unit of length. As a result, it is determined that with the increasing welding parameters although WP increase, hardness values in heat affected zone decrease.
Influence of water on microstructure and mechanical properties of a friction stir spot welded 7075-T651 Al alloy
Authors: Ekinci Omer , Imak Anil
Published: January 2024

7075-T651 Al alloy sheets were welded by friction stir spot welding (FSSW) method without and with tap water. Conducting FSSW with water reduced the weld microstructure grain size and the hook defect formation at the weld, resulting in an increase in the hardness and tensile strength of the weld. The joint made with water showed an average tensile load of 4237 N, whereas the joint made without water exhibited 3690 N. Using water enhanced the strength of the joint, but slightly decreased its ductility. The hardness of the joint made with water presented slightly higher, probably due to the formation of smaller grains in its microstructure as a result of the water leading to a decrease in the welding process temperature. In both joints, the highest hardness measurements in the stir zones (SZs) and the lowest ones in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) were found as the SZs had a finer-grained microstructure. Furthermore, the application of water noticeably, though not completely, inhibited the occurrence of the hook defect in the joint and also reduced the sizes of HAZ and TMAZ. According to the weld fracture surface analysis, both joints failed in a ductile manner.
Agencia y transgresión en los personajes femeninos migrantes de Claudia Hernández y
Antonio Ortuño
Authors: Galvez Cuen Marissa
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo analiza la configuración de los personajes femeninos
inmigrantes y transmigrantes en las obras “La han despedido de nuevo” de Claudia
Hernández y La fila india de Antonio Ortuño y observa los mecanismos de adaptación, las
estrategias y las dinámicas sociales de las que se basan como forma de auto protección o
de cuidado mutuo. Proponemos una lectura de la representación de las mujeres migrantes
como sujetos complejos, activos, dotados de agencia y transgresores como forma de
contrarrestar los imaginarios consolidados por narrativas anteriores en los que los
sujetos femeninos no han tenido protagonismo en su representación o en su estudio. 
Palabras clave: Literatura salvadoreña, literatura mexicana, migración, violencia,
género.
Load Balancing Algorithm of API Gateway Based on Microservice Architecture for a Smart City
Authors: Cao Xiaoming , Zhang Huabing , Shi Hongyu
Published: January 2024

As the entrance of the computer systems, the API gateway is an indispensable part of the microservice architecture. To realize the load balancing of API gateway, this paper studies the load balancing algorithm of the API gateway based on the microservice architecture. In doing this, we analyze the microservice architecture level from the data layer, the basic layer, and other levels, take the container cloud as the carrier of the microservice architecture, combine it with the client and API gateway, and design the API gateway based on the microservice architecture. We then judge whether the microservice identifier in the request source of the API gateway client is included in the API gateway routing table and determine the service cluster to which the microservice belongs according to the microservice identifier. After retrieving the qualified backend microservice container list according to the service cluster information, it adopts a load balancing algorithm based on dynamic weight, takes central processing unit (CPU) utilization and memory utilization as parameters to evaluate the resource load of microservers, uses an extreme gradient lifting model to predict CPU utilization and memory utilization, calculates the weight of microservers based on the prediction results, selects the microserver with the highest weight value to make API gateway service requests, and initiates API gateway service calls to specific backend microservice containers, thereby completing the load balancing of the API gateway. The experimental results show that the average load balancing degree of the algorithm is about 95 %, the average network resource utilization rate is as high as 89 %, and the algorithm execution time is short.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of PC/ABS Compound through Compatibilizers and Investigation of Morphology and Flammability of the Improved Compound: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Mostaani Farzaneh , Khosravi SeyyedSajjad , Jalilian Milad
Published: January 2024

This work investigates the effect of four different compatibilizers on the mechanical and thermal properties (impact, tensile strength, elongation, flexural modulus, and heat deflection temperature) of polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blends. The compatibilizers studied were styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) grafted (g) with maleic anhydride (MAH), polystyrene (PS)-g-MAH, ABS-g-MAH, and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-g-MAH. The compatibility of the improved sample was also studied using scanning electron microscope images. In addition, the flammability of the improved sample with 8 % decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) as a flame-retardant (FR) additive was measured by limiting oxidation index and UL 94. The blends with a 70/30 ratio of PC/ABS and varying percentages of compatibilizers (1, 3, and 6 %) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and samples for mechanical tests were produced by injection molding. The mechanical properties indicated that PS-g-MAH was better than other compatibilizers. Compared with pure PC and ABS, the PC30P3-FR blend was an economical and versatile compound with potential applications in the electrical and electronic industries.
Recycling Injustice: Lead-Toxicity Publics and the Struggle over Sustainability
Authors: Tejeda Amaru
Published: January 2024

In 2015, after operating for decades in a five-square-mile industrial zone of Southeast Los Angeles, Exide Technologies shut down its battery recycling plant to avoid prosecution from federal investigators for continuously spewing toxic chemicals into the air and soil of six surrounding residential communities. With nearly $200 million already spent on the remediation of the site, the cleanup, once completed, will be the largest and most expensive of its kind in California’s history. Yet scientists and industry voices have touted lead-acid battery recycling as a model example for the management of hazardous by-products of our energy sources (Socolow and Thomas 1997); the high recycling rates of car batteries theoretically preclude the extraction of lead for the production of new ones, thus constituting a supposedly sustainable cycle of energy use. This article explores the case of the Exide plant through a mediating infrastructure approach (Mukherjee 2016) that foregrounds the entanglement of the plant’s material and discursive aspects. This approach allows for a consideration not only of how the plant has been differently mediated by its various constituent actors—from scientists and corporate representatives to regulators and community members—but also of how the plant itself, and its poisoning of the soil in particular, mediates the formation of publics who come together in response to its toxicity. I term these formations lead-toxicity publics. By turning our attention to lead-toxicity publics and their mediations of the site, the tensions inherent in dominant understandings of environmental justice and its relationship to the state and to capital come into sharper focus. As such, this article contributes to a wider critique of sustainability and its cooptation by the interests of the state and capital (Parr 2012) and calls for the articulation of better alternatives.
Citizen Perceptions of Crime and Their Effect on Support for Illiberal Democratic Rule
Authors: Tusalem Rollin F.
Published: January 2024

In developing countries, perceptions of crime and actual crime victimization have been linked to less public support for democratic regimes. In countries with weak democratic institutions and limited horizontal accountability, populist presidents can exploit this situation by promoting vertical accountability. This vulnerability of democratic institutions arises because some citizens perceive strong-arm rule as a solution to the perceived increase in social violence. This study focuses on the Philippines, where president Rodrigo Duterte was elected in 2016 on a “law and order” platform centered on an extralegal war on drugs. Analyzing data from two waves of the World Values Survey, I find that perceptions of crime significantly influenced Filipino respondents’ support for authoritarian rule and reduced support for democracy based on civil liberties; the effect became more pronounced under the Duterte administration. Notably, actual crime victimization was not statistically correlated with preference for authoritarianism.
Conserved and divergent features of trophoblast stem cells
Authors: Sah Nirvay , Soncin Francesca
Published: January 2024

Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are a proliferative multipotent population derived from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst, which will give rise to all the functional cell types of the trophoblast compartment of the placenta. The isolation and culture of TSCs in vitro represent a robust model to study mechanisms of trophoblast differentiation into mature cells both in successful and diseased pregnancy. Despite the highly conserved functions of the placenta, there is extreme variability in placental morphology, fetal–maternal interface, and development among eutherian mammals. This review aims to summarize the establishment and maintenance of TSCs in mammals such as primates, including human, rodents, and nontraditional animal models with a primary emphasis on epigenetic regulation of their origin while defining gaps in the current literature and areas of further development. FGF signaling is critical for mouse TSCs but dispensable for derivation of TSCs in other species. Human, simian, and bovine TSCs have much more complicated requirements of signaling pathways including activation of WNT and inhibition of TGFβ cascades. Epigenetic features such as DNA and histone methylation as well as histone acetylation are dynamic during development and are expressed in cell- and gestational age-specific pattern in placental trophoblasts. While TSCs from different species seem to recapitulate some select epigenomic features, there is a limitation in the comprehensive understanding of TSCs and how well TSCs retain placental epigenetic marks. Therefore, future studies should be directed at investigating epigenomic features of global and placental-specific gene expression in primary trophoblasts and TSCs.
Variación espacio-temporal de la diversidad de escarabajos Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelidae) en el bosque seco tropical del Caribe colombiano
Authors: Sarmiento-Roa José Daniel , Arenas-Clavijo Anderson , Martínez-Hernández Neis José
Published: January 2024

Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espaciotemporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.
Growth, survival rate of New Zealand White, Dutch Rabbit and their crosses
Authors: Eshimutu U.A. , Umar U.A. , Olutunmogun A.K. , Oladimeji A.C. , Aliyu M. , Okpanachi A.K.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The aim of the study was to assess survival rate of crossbred New Zealand White and Dutch rabbit breed. A total of 16 mature rabbits of seven to nine months old, New Zealand White and Dutch were used for the study. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance ANOVA using SAS. The reproductive traits studied were litter size, litter birth weight, mean kit weight. The growth traits were: body weight, body length, ear length, chest circumference, hind limbs, thigh length, nose to shoulder and thigh circumference. The reproductive traits were significantly (P<0.05) affected by genetic group Pure and crosses. New Zealand White observed high litter size and litter birth weight at first, seventh, 14th and 21st day. Purebred Dutch had significant (P<0.05) high values for growth traits. The body weight 478.73±18.10, body length 33.12±0.42, ear length 9.10±0.09, chest circumference 18.24±0.45 and hind limbs 19.51±0.33 were significantly (P<0.05) high in crosses of Dutch x New Zealand White. Pre-weaning mortality and survival rate at weaning were 22.22% and 77.77% high in New Zealand White; 14.28% and 85.71% in Dutch and DUC x NZW; and 9.09% and 90.90% in NZW x DUC. In conclusion, New Zealand White x Dutch crosses demonstrated high survival rate and low pre-weaning mortality.
Fruit maturity evolution of Clementine Mandarin variety (strain 88) grafted on different citrus rootstocks
Authors: Ibrahim A.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The research was carried out at Ciano Research Station of Lattakia Research Center - General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Damascus in 2019. The fruit maturity evolution of Clementine Mandarin variety (Strain 88) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour Orange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Troyer Citrange, Carrizo Citrange, Macrophylla and Cleopatra Mandarin) and planted in 1989 was studied for a period of 84 days, starting from 16th September 2019 to the start of reaping the fruits on 9th December 2019. There were insignificant differences in the average weight increase of the fruit among the studied treatments. Fruit peel thickness significantly increased by (50.15%) in the trees grafted on Macrophylla compared to those grafted on Cleopatra Mandarin, Troyer Citrange and Citrumelo 1452 whose fruit peel thickness increased by (19.21, 9.58 and 2.61%, respectively). The highest increase in total soluble solids (%) was in the trees grafted on Troyer Citrange by (38.10%), while total acids (%) significantly decreased by (18.33%) in the trees grafted on Citrumelo 1452.
Effects of the share types of an inter-row cultivator at different working depths on weed control and plant growth in cotton production
Authors: Gürsoy S. , Özaalan C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Different share types of tine type inter-row cultivator are used to remove the weeds and loosen the soil surface between the rows during the first true leaf stage of cotton. The efficiency of these shares can be changed by soil properties and working parameters. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of different share geometries for a tine inter-row cultivator on weed control and plant growth parameters at three different working depths (100, 150 and 200 mm) and a constant working speed (5.4 km h-1) under cotton planted field conditions. Measurements included the weeding efficiency within row and between rows, the percentage of damaged plants, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index), SPAD (the relative content of chlorophyll) values and seed cotton yield. The results indicated that the inter-row cultivation at the first true leaf stage of cotton significantly increased the plant growth parameters (root dry weight, shoot dry weight, NDVI, SPAD) and seed cotton yield. The share types had a strong effect on the weeding efficiency and the percentage of damaged plants. The increased working depth increased the weeding efficiency, plant growth parameters and seed cotton yield, but also significantly increased the percentage of damaged plants. Overall, the results from this study suggest that the inter-row cultivation during the early stage of cotton will be an effective approach in improving the weed control and the plant growth in cotton production. These outcomes depend on the share type and working depth of the tine type inter-row cultivator.
Relationships between pH values and some physico-chemical and colour traits of quail breast meat
Authors: Genchev A. , Lukanov H.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The aim of this study was to establish variation ranges of breast meat рН24, water holding capacity (WHC), water absorption capacity (WAC), and colour (CIEL*a*b*) in domestic quails and to analyze the patterns of relationships between рН24 and muscle hydrophilic and colour characteristics in the studied dataset. The investigation summarizes the results of two research experiments performed on breast muscle (M. pectoralis) from 151 domestic quails. It was found that the studied dataset was relatively homogeneous (CV<30%). The least dispersion was shown for рН24 and L* traits (CV of 3.8% and 8.3%, respectively). The analysis of results demonstrated that hydrophilic properties (WHC, WAC) and colour characteristics (L*, a* and b*) of M. pectoralis depended on рН24 values. With the exception of the association between рН24 and WAC, which was positive, all other correlations were negative. According to the present study, the correlation between рН24 and WHC was weak, and only 6.6% of breast muscle WHC depended on change in рН24 values. The breast meat WAC and colour characteristics were largely dependent on рН24, as more than 40% of their variation was determined by the tested factor.
Purpose Trends Report (December 2023). A selection of what has been published about Purpose in December 2023
Authors: García-de-Santos Teresa , Florez-Jiménez Maria Paula , Lleó-de-Nalda Alvaro
Published: January 2024

In this report, we want to synthesize the most relevant about corporate purpose published in December 2023. For this aim, we did a content search (using selected keywords) in Scopus and Google Scholar for academic publications; and diffusion magazines and other trusted sites for articles and reports. We selected relevant publications about organizational purpose, purpose alignment, and personal purpose. Also, we include successful cases that show how corporate purpose has been implemented. Bellow, we present statistics about the selected literature.
Siła mięśniowa młodych dorosłych w zależności od składu masy ciała
Authors:   Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Puchalska-Sarna Anna , Pietrońska Karolina ,   Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Baran Joanna ,   Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Pop Teresa ,   Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the composition of body mass and muscle strength in young adults. The relationship between muscular strength of upper limbs and height, body weight, age and gender was considered. We also analyzed the influence of fat tissue and muscle tissue on the strength. Material and methods: The research was carried out at the Medical Faculty of the University of Rzeszów. The study involved 79 people of both sexes, aged 19-26, students from the field of physiotherapy. The paper presents the possibility of measuring the muscular strength of the upper limbs using a hand dynamometer. The evaluation of body composition was made possible by TANITA 780MA. Results: The relationship between the composition of body weight and muscular strength has been demonstrated. Men showed significantly greater muscular strength compared to women in both upper limbs. Women were characterized by a higher content of adipose tissue, what is more, significant relationships existed between fat and muscle tissue and muscular strength of men. In addition, a strong correlation in kgP in women existed for height, and kgL for both height and body weight. In the case of men, there is no dependence between muscular strength and weight and body height. Conclusions: The muscular strength of the upper limbs in the group of women depends on the weight and height. The muscular strength of the upper limbs in the group of men depends on the content of muscle tissue and fat tissue.
Specyfika szkodliwego działania czynników ryzyka w okresie prenatalnym, okołoporodowym, noworodkowym i niemowlęcym
Authors:   Kolegium Nauk Medycznych UR, Bejster Anna , Przysada Grzegorz ,   Kolegium Nauk Medycznych UR
Published: January 2024

The developing nervous system is sensitive to many harmful factors, which have been called risk factors. At each stage of a child’s development, damage may occur, and clinical symptoms appear gradually, in line with the maturation rhythm of the individual structures of the central nervous system (CNS). The area of brain damage determines the extent of the individual functional deficits. A child whose development may be at risk is called a child at risk. This term most often refers to infants who were predicted to develop cerebral palsy. In children at risk, somatic and psychomotor development may be disturbed as a result of immaturity or pathological changes in the CNS. All newborns after pathological pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period belong to the so-called risk groups, but not all have damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and symptoms that predispose to the development of cerebral palsy. The mere presence of factors from the interview does not constitute an indication for therapy. The condition for rehabilitation is incorrect physical and psychomotor development, confirmed by diagnostic tests. The first part of the work presents the characteristics of selected factors predisposing to the development of cerebral palsy. According to many authors, fetal hypoxia is the most common cause of CNS damage, infections, intracranial bleeding, perinatal complications, fetal and neonatal diseases are a serious threat.
Znaczenie metod neurofizjologicznych w diagnostyce zaburzeń rozwoju u niemowląt i małych dzieci z uszkodzeniami ośrodkowego układu nerwowego
Authors:   Kolegium Nauk Medycznych UR, Bejster Anna , Przysada Grzegorz ,   Kolegium Nauk Medycznych UR
Published: January 2024

Diagnosing disorders in psychomotor development is a particularly difficult task, due to the immaturity of organs and systems, the age of the child, and the similarity of physiological symptoms that change pathologically. Comprehensive diagnostics include a pediatric examination, clinical neurological examination, and control of physical and psychomotor development. Laboratory tests and technical imaging methods of the CNS are auxiliary. Diagnostics should be supplemented by the earliest possible physiotherapeutic assessment according to neurophysiological methods, as well as speech therapy and psychological assessment. Infants with early CNS damage in neurological and imaging studies and/or diagnosed with neurophysiological methods (Vojta, NDT-Bobath, Prechtl method) and based on “milestones” are eligible for rehabilitation. The lack of mastery of the skills described as “milestones” by the child most often indicates a delay in motor development and requires therapeutic measures. Moreover, there are disturbances in reflector development, disturbances in postural tension, disturbances in sensory integration. The paper discusses in detail the neurokinesiological diagnostics developed by Vojta, which allows to detect central nervous coordination disorders (OCD) in early infancy and to determine the degree of CNS damage. The use of neurophysiological methods allows for the verification of individual rehabilitation procedures in order to ensure systematic and effective therapeutic activities. Most researchers recommend rehabilitation of children with severe CNS damage, in less severe cases it should be considered whether the child has a chance of spontaneous normalization of deficits. Otherwise, the disturbances may be of the so-called minimal brain damage, which in the future is manifested by posture defects, impaired sensory integration or hyperactivity.
Wskazania, przeciwskazania oraz aspekty praktyczne wczesnej fizjoterapii w oddziale intensywnej terapii
Authors:   Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, Polska, Zwoliński Tomasz , Łepska Lidia ,   Zakład Historii i Filozofii Nauk Medycznych, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, Polska, Siek Bartłomiej ,   Zakład Historii i Filozofii Nauk Medycznych, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, Polska
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The early physical therapy of intensive care unit patients is an obligatory medical procedure to prevent the physical impairments connected with prolonged immobilization. Physical therapy interventions shorten the ICU length of stay and support the multidisciplinary process of treatment. The aim of this article is to provide basic contraindications and indications needed during the physical therapy process of ICU patients. Moreover, to clarify described clinical examples, photo material is presented. Materials and methods: Firstly, indications and contraindications of an early physical therapy in intensive care unit were presented. Secondly, elements of the physical therapy process of ICU patients were shown. The manuscript contains practical aspects of passive, assisted, isometric and respiratory exercises dedicated to ICU patients. Results and Conclusion: It is appropriate to know the indications and contraindications for the physical therapy process of ICU patients and monitor the patients’ condition throughout the rehabilitation process. It is recommended to use elements of passive, assisted, isometric and breathing exercises in order to improve their health and prevent the effects of immobilization in this group of patients.
Analiza obciążenia stopy u pacjentów z deformacją palucha koślawego
Authors:   Klinika Rehabilitacji Ortopedycznej i Pourazowej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi, Dziki Piotr , Przedborska Agnieszka ,   linika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Rehabilitacji i Medycyny Fizykalnej Uniwersytetu Medycz- K nego w Łodzi, Kilon Małgorzata ,   linika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Rehabilitacji i Medycyny Fizykalnej Uniwersytetu Medycz- K nego w Łodzi
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hallux valgus is a deformity of the forefoot that is more common in women. Deformations within the foot cause biomechanics abnormalities. Changes in the weighting and rolling of the feet are visible. Detailed clinical examination should include evaluation of weight distribution in the feet. The aim of the study is to analyze the foot load in patients with hallux valgus deformity. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 100 people (90 women and 10 men) with bilateral hallux valgus deformity. The mean age in the study group was 50.85 ± 15.45 years. In order to evaluate the results, the patients were examined according to the established protocol. The hallux valgus angle HVA was determined on the radiographs. The foot load evaluation was carried out on a PressCam V5.0 strain gauge mat from Podiatech. The data was analyzed statistically. Results: Hallux valgus in the studied patients was mostly moderate. The relationship between the size of the HVA angle and the BMI was revealed, the maximum load (Pmax) of the 2nd metatarsal head and the HVA angle and the 3rd metatarsal head from the HVA angle. There was a relationship between the HVA value and the foot area. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity favor the occurrence of hallux valgus deformity. With an increase in the valgus angle of the big toe, the contact surface of the foot with the ground increases. Higher maximum load locating in the area of the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal head affects the development of hallux valgus.