bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring and modelling water related soil–vegetation feedbacks in a fallow plot
Authors: Ursino N. , Cassiani G. , Deiana R. , Vignoli G. , Boaga J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Land fallowing is one possible response to shortage of water for irrigation. Leaving the soil unseeded implies a change of the soil functioning that has an impact on the water cycle. The development of a soil crust in the open spaces between the patterns of grass weed affects the soil properties and the field scale water balance. The objectives of this study are to test the potential of integrated non invasive geophysical methods and ground-image analysis and to quantify the effect of the soil vegetation interaction on the water balance of a fallow land at the local and plot scale. We measured repeatedly in space and time local soil saturation and vegetation cover over two small plots located in southern Sardinia, Italy, during a controlled irrigation experiment. One plot was left unseeded and the other was cultivated. The comparative analysis of ERT maps of soil moisture evidenced a considerably different hydrologic response to irrigation of the two plots. Local measurements of soil saturation and vegetation cover were repeated in space to evidence a positive feedback between weed growth and infiltration at the fallow plot. A simple bucket model captured the different soil moisture dynamics at the two plots during the infiltration experiment and was used to estimate the impact of the soil vegetation feedback on the yearly water balance at the fallow site.
Jeca Tatu: retrato de um país desigual
Authors: Rangel Ingrid Ribeiro da Gama
Published: August 2013

Este artigo aborda a importância da comunicação e da literatura na formação da sociedade. Por meio do personagem de Monteiro Lobato – Jeca Tatu – são feitas considerações sobre o conformismo, a política cultural equivocada e a vida degradante em que viveram, e ainda vivem, muitos brasileiros. Também é abordada a necessidade de se preservar a cultura caipira sem confundir diversidade cultural com desigualdade social.
A ergonomia sob a ótica anglo-saxônica e a ótica francesa
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Gomes de
Published: August 2013

A ergonomia é uma ciência que estuda as interações do homem com seu ambiente de trabalho, considerando os efeitos positivos e negativos desta relação. Por isso, vem sendo aplicada desde tempos remotos. As abordagens de estudo, basicamente, dividem-se em dois focos: o anglo-saxão e o francês, que embora sejam complementares apresentam alguns pontos de divergência, mas ambos objetivam, em comum, atuar de forma a adequar o trabalho ao homem, prevenindo acidentes, promovendo conforto, melhorando o rendimento, e proporcionando uma maior satisfação do trabalhador.
Visões ou alucinações? O Brasil na poesia romântica
Authors: Costa Matheus Knispel da
Published: August 2013

Este ensaio tem como objetivo, em um primeiro momento, a exposição de algumas das diversas representações de Brasil nas nossas Letras durante o período no qual o Romantismo vigorou na nossa poesia, para, após essa exposição, teorizar sobre as causas das mudanças na forma de representar a pátria-mãe adotadas pelos poetas desse período.
Um Percurso Musical: dos lundus à sonoridade buarqueana
Authors: Sendra Arlete Parrilha , Tavares Luciana Ferreira
Published: August 2013

Este artigo aborda a trajetória histórico-social da Música Popular Brasileira – MPB – até a entrada, em cena, de Chico Buarque de Hollanda. A relevância do tema se impõe por ser um resgate dos diversos momentos musicais e do que esses momentos trazem de brasilidade. Suas composições melódicas são marcadas ora por recursos estéticos de base erudita – voltados para uma leitura verticalizada de sua obra no que tange à sua disposição poética e ao seu desenho melódico, ora os de base popular – voltados para um diálogo com o povo, trazendo à tona uma polifonia rítmica.
Rede neural artificial aplicada à agricultura
Authors: Barbosa Cibelle Degel
Published: August 2013

As técnicas de bioinformática surgiram como uma importante ferramenta para estudos aplicados a diversas áreas da agricultura. Conjuntos de dados derivados de experimentos agrícolas podem ser analisados utilizando técnicas específicas de bioinformática, dentre elas as redes neurais artificiais. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a apresentação da aplicação da técnica de bioinformática, denominada rede neural artificial, nas pesquisas voltadas para a agricultura.
Cultura no interior da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional: uma análise exploratória
Authors: Carmo Cláudio Márcio do
Published: August 2013

Este artigo discute o conceito de cultura em Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), partindo do pressuposto de que este é um conceito-chave para a compreensão da forma como ela se propôs a abordar a linguagem. Para isso, a obra que traz seus princípios epistemológicos, Language as Social Semiotic, publicada em 1978 por M.A.K. Halliday, é relida em busca de sua raiz Antropológica. Foram listados e analisados os enunciados em que ocorreram palavras construídas com o radical cultur-. O trabalho indicou que a Antropologia ainda subjaz à LSF, mas que esta foi sendo reorientada sociologicamente, trazendo implicações teóricas e metodológicas.
Preservação, pesquisa e difusão do patrimônio educacional: o caso do Liceu de Humanidades de Campos (RJ)
Authors: Martínez Silvia Alicia , Viana Jussara Scafira Mesquita , Pinho Leandro Garcia , Gama Michele dos Santos da Silva , Baldes Marcio Andrade Lyrio , Machado Rafaela
Published: August 2013

Neste artigo nos propomos a descrever e problematizar parte do percurso percorrido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa e Extensão "Liceu de Humanidades de Campos: Preservar a memória, divulgar a cultura escolar e afirmar a identidade na comunidade (escolar)". Ao longo de sua trajetória, o Grupo foi composto por numerosos integrantes e sucessivos projetos que visam a preservação da memória histórica e educacional, a produção de estudos científicos e a divulgação do patrimônio educativo. Especial atenção será dada aos trabalhos desenvolvidos na última fase, relativos à divulgação do patrimônio e popularização da ciência. Esperamos, com o trabalho, oferecer subsídios para encorajar outros grupos de pesquisa, diretores, professores e a comunidade em geral no sentido de evitar o esquecimento do patrimônio histórico educativo, que tanto tem marcado nossa sociedade e tão pouca atenção do poder público tem despertado.
Aspectos da caça comercial de preás - gênero Cavia Pallas, 1766 - em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ
Authors: Sampaio Daniela Teodoro , Ruiz-Miranda Carlos Ramón , Bellan Davi de Oliveira
Published: August 2013

O objetivo de nosso estudo foi compreender a atividade de caça de preás (Cavia sp.) no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ e obter informações sobre a comercialização da carne destes animais. Utilizamos técnicas de entrevistas com questionários e observação participante. Foram entrevistados 14 caçadores e um proprietário de estabelecimento comercial que comercializa a carne dessa espécie. Acompanhamos uma caçada. A caça foi relatada como predominantemente comercial no município, embora apresente características culturais. Todos os informantes revelaram ter conhecimento de que a atividade é ilegal e atribuíram ao IBAMA a fiscalização e coibição da prática no município.
Developing Addition Strategies: Preservice Teachers' Learning From Standards-Based Curriculum Materials
Authors: Tyminski Andrew , Drake Corey , Land Tonia
Published: August 2013

Despite the prevalence of mathematics curriculum materials in elementary classrooms, most current mathematics methods texts provide little or no support for preservice teachers (PSTs) learning to use curriculum materials. To meet this need, we have designed and studied several modules intended to provide PSTs with opportunities to learn about and from the use of curriculum materials. This article describes our research related to 1 of these modules–Addition Starter Sentences. Our results examine the nature of PSTs' developing content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge, evidenced through their interactions with and reflections onStandards-based curriculum materials. We conclude with implications for mathematics teacher education research and practice.
On My Mind: 5 Language Substitutions When Teaching Fractions
Authors: Bay-Williams Jennifer M.
Published: August 2013

Being mindful of language used during discussions of fractions can promote greater understanding and retention.
Sociétés contemporaines et actualité de l’analyse de classe : une critique des théories de la société postindustrielle et des conceptions statiques des classes sociales
Authors: Lafrance Xavier
Published: August 2013

Les travaux de Daniel Bell sur la société post-industrielle décrivent la dilution de la classe des travailleurs et l’essor d’une nouvelle forme de stratification sociale articulée au contrôle de l’information. À partir des années 1980, et encore aujourd’hui, plusieurs auteurs du monde anglophone se sont inspirés de ces travaux afin de théoriser la fin de classes sociales. Ceux-ci ont tendance à associer le destin de la classe des travailleurs à l’essor et au déclin de la phase spécifiquement industrielle du capitalisme. Au cours des trente dernières années, Erik Olin Wright a tenté de répondre au défi lancé par les théories de la société post-industrielle en renouvelant l’analyse des classes des sociétés capitalistes avancées à travers la production de cartographies des structures de classes très élaborées. Une telle analyse synchronique présente toutefois de nombreuses lacunes et prête flanc aux critiques qui y voient un modèle abstrait arbitrairement apposé à la réalité sociale. S’il est important d’insister sur le fait que les divisions de classes associées au capitalisme sont plus important que jamais au sein des sociétés contemporaines, le renouvellement de leur analyse passe aussi par une conception des classes comme processus et relations ancrés dans un rapport d’exploitation historiquement spécifique, telle que proposée par Edward Palmer Thompson.
« Et loing de France, en l’une & l’autre mer, Les Fleurs de Liz, tu as fait renommer1 »
Authors: Deslandres Dominique
Published: August 2013

Cet article revisite le phénomène des prises de possession, un des mécanismes mentalitaires autorisant l’extension de la souveraineté française aux XVIe-XVIIIe siècles, en le plaçant sous l’éclairage croisé de la religion, du genre et des Imperium Studies. Il s’agit d’examiner cette emprise symbolique sur des terres destinées à constituer le royaume de France, d’abord en observant comment s’opère la dilatatio regnum regi en France et en Europe, puis en comparant ces modalités à celles de l’expansion française en Amérique. Cela dans le but d’émettre des hypothèses qui incitent à repenser le déploiement de l’autorité royale française sur les peuples de l’Ancien comme du Nouveau Monde.
Subjetividades contemporâneas: o self no ciberespaço
Authors: Capanema Letícia , Avanza Marcia Furtado
Published: August 2013

Este estudo busca compreender as concepções da subjetividade em nossa contemporaneidade por meio do exame da expressão do eu (self) no ciberespaço. Para tanto, é feita uma breve revisão das concepções do eu (self) que abrange desde abordagens cartesianas, que consideram o sujeito como uno e centrado, às visões de Charles S. Peirce e Mikhail M. Bakhtin que concebem a subjetividade humana como múltipla e fragmentada. Ao analisar o processo de mediação do sujeito no ciberespaço, serão fundamentais os conceitos de interação mediada e deixas simbólicas de John B. Thompson, assim como a visão de Jay D. Bolter e Richard Grusin sobre o que denominam de remediated self — o self re-mediado — e suas categorias de networked e virtual self. O estudo se ampara na análise do projeto “Virtual Me”, que se caracteriza por explorar a hibridização da internet com o videogame e a televisão, para compreender a expressão do sujeito no ciberespaço mediante seu caráter virtual e em rede.
Os temas ambientais no enquadramento televisivo: teledramaturgia vs. telejornalismo
Authors: Barros Antonio Teixeira de
Published: August 2013

Analisa a influência das duas principais matrizes culturais da programação televisiva e como ambas se atualizam e se combinam na atualidade na cobertura ambiental pelo enquadramento da teledramaturgia e do telejornalismo. A matriz simbólico-dramática que dá suporte à teledramaturgia é calcada no juízo de valor, no senso comum, na oposição entre argumentos e no uso de símbolos e imagens que causam impacto visual e emocional no público. A matriz racional iluminista, à qual se filia o gênero jornalístico- nformativo, tem como base a suposta objetividade e racionalidade dos argumentos voltados para o princípio kantiano da troca de razões públicas e do esclarecimento das audiências. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa, histórico-descritiva com técnicas de meta-análise bibliográfica, conclui que ambas se combinam e se complementam no contexto televisivo atual, no que se refere aos conteúdos ecológicos.
The journey to antiretroviral therapy in Karnataka, India: who was lost on the road?
Authors: Shastri Suresh , Sathyanarayna Srinath , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Kumar Ajay MV , Rewari Bharat , Harries Anthony D , Zachariah Rony
Published: August 2013

Introduction

One important operational challenge facing antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries is the loss to follow‐up between diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and initiation of ART. This is a major obstacle to achieving universal access to ART. This study from Karnataka, India, tried to measure such losses by determining the number of HIV‐positive individuals diagnosed, the number of them reaching ART centres, the number initiated on ART and the reasons for non‐initiation of ART.

Methods

A review of records routinely maintained under the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) was carried out in six districts of Karnataka. HIV‐positive persons diagnosed during the months from January to June 2011 in 233 public HIV‐testing sites were followed up until December 2011 based on the pre‐ART registers. A chi‐square test was used to assess statistical significance.

Results

Of 2291 HIV‐positive persons diagnosed (52% male; mean age of 35 years), 1829 (80%) reached ART centres. Of the latter, 1166 (64%) were eligible for ART, and 959 (82%) were initiated on treatment. Overall losses (attrition) on the road between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation were 669 (29%). Deaths, migration and not willing to go to the ART centres were cited as the main known reasons for not reaching ART centres. For ART‐eligible individuals who did not initiate ART, the most common known reasons for non‐initiation included dying before initiation of ART and not being willing to start ART.

Conclusions

In a large state of India, eight in ten HIV‐positive persons reached ART centres, and of those found ART eligible, 82% start treatment. Although this is an encouraging achievement, the programme needs to take further steps to improve the current performance by further reducing pre‐ART attrition. We recommend online registering of diagnosed HIV‐positive patients to track the patients more efficiently.
Addressing Climate Change Around the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Joswiak Meri , Yao Tandong , Joswiak Daniel
Published: August 2013

Most noted for the Himalayas, the Third Pole region encompasses several vast and varied mountain ranges, totaling 100,000 square kilometers of ice. For more than 4 years, Third Pole Environment (TPE) research program scientists and collaborators from around the globe have been racing to reveal, predict, and mediate the effects of global climate change on the mountainous region centered around the Tibetan Plateau, known as “Asia's water tower” for its expansive ice cover whose sensitive environment regulates water flow to the biggest rivers in Asia.
Combining GPS and Remotely Sensed Data to Characterize Time‐Varying Crustal Motion
Authors: Murray Jessica , Lohman Rowena , Sandwell David
Published: August 2013

Development of more physically realistic models of interseismic crustal strain and stressing rates, postseismic effects over multiple time scales, transient deformation, and lithospheric rheology are examples of research applications requiring measurements of Earth surface motion at high spatio­temporal resolution. To address this need, the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) has initiated a 5‐year project to create a Southern California community geodetic model (CGM) that will leverage the complementary strengths of temporally dense GPS and spatially dense interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data.
Precipitation underestimated in extreme storms in South America
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: August 2013

Subtropical South America experiences some of the world's most intense deep convective storms, which generate heavy precipitation. To study such storms, scientists commonly use the Precipitation Radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. However, studies have shown that the algorithm used to estimate rainfall from this instrument tends to significantly underestimate precipitation in regions of intense deep convection over land.
An earthquake in Japan caused large waves in Norwegian fjords
Authors: Schult Colin
Published: August 2013

Early on a winter morning a few years ago, many residents of western Norway who lived or worked along the shores of the nation's fjords were startled to see the calm morning waters suddenly begin to rise and fall. Starting at around 7:15 A.M. local time and continuing for nearly 3 hours, waves up to 1.5 meters high coursed through the previously still fjord waters. The scene was captured by security cameras and by people with cell phones, reported to local media, and investigated by a local newspaper. Drawing on this footage, and using a computational model and observations from a nearby seismic station, Bondevik et al. identified the cause of the waves—the powerful magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake that hit off the coast of Japan half an hour earlier.
Barriers to Optimal Disease Control for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Moderate and High Disease Activity
Authors: Tymms Kathleen , Zochling Jane , Scott James , Bird Paul , Burnet Simon , de Jager Julien , Griffiths Hedley , Nicholls Dave , Roberts Lynden , Arnold Mark , Littlejohn Geoffrey
Published: August 2013

Objective

To evaluate barriers that prevent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from achieving Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) scores within the current recommended levels for low disease activity (LDA) or clinical remission (DAS28‐ESR score <3.2).

Methods

Using an electronic medical record program, clinical data for RA patients treated in Optimising Patient Outcomes in Australian Rheumatology clinics, with a recorded DAS28‐ESR score, were collected at one point in time. The data included demographics, medications, disease measures, and the rheumatologist's opinion of the main barriers preventing improvement to the recommended DAS28 score.

Results

Of the 4,037 patients with a recorded DAS28‐ESR score, 304 patients (7.5%) had high disease activity (HDA) and 1,211 patients (30%) had moderate disease activity (MDA). For 584 HDA or MDA patients, the barriers to disease control (BTCs) were recorded by the rheumatologist when there was no adjustment to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. The recorded BTCs were irreversible joint damage (19.7%), patient‐driven preference (14.7%), noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain (9.2%), insufficient time to assess the effect of recently initiated DMARDs (9.2%), safety concerns (7.5%), comorbidities (6.5%), resistant disease (6.3%), and other less common reasons. These patients received DMARDs (97.4%), including biologic agents (34.1%), methotrexate (74.8%), and oral corticosteroids (41.8%).

Conclusion

This study identified clinical situations in which rheumatologists elected to continue RA patients with MDA or HDA on DMARD therapy without adjustment to achieve clinical remission or an LDA target of a DAS28‐ESR score <3.2.
Preworkshop Knowledge of Musculoskeletal Anatomy of Rheumatology Fellows and Rheumatologists of Seven North, Central, and South American Countries
Authors: Navarro‐Zarza José E. , Hernández‐Díaz Cristina , Saavedra Miguel A. , Alvarez‐Nemegyei José , Kalish Robert A. , Canoso Juan J. , Villaseñor‐Ovies Pablo
Published: August 2013

Objective

To report the baseline knowledge of clinical anatomy of rheumatology fellows and rheumatologists from Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, the US, and Uruguay.

Methods

The invitation to attend a workshop in clinical anatomy was an open call by national rheumatology societies in 4 countries or by invitation from teaching program directors in 3 countries. Prior to the workshop, a practical test of anatomic structures commonly involved in rheumatic diseases was administered. The test consisted of the demonstration of these structures or their function in the participant's or instructor's body. At one site, a postworkshop practical test was administered immediately after the workshop.

Results

There were 170 participants (84 rheumatology fellows, 61 rheumatologists, and 25 nonrheumatologists). The overall mean ± SD number of correct answers was 46.6% ± 19.9% and ranged from 32.5–67.0% by country. Rheumatology fellows scored significantly higher than nonrheumatologists. Questions related to anatomy of the hand scored the lowest of the regions surveyed.

Conclusion

Rheumatology fellows and rheumatologists showed a deficit in knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy that is of central importance in rheumatologic assessment and diagnosis. This gap may hinder accurate and cost‐effective rheumatologic diagnosis, particularly in the area of regional pain syndromes. Presently, widespread use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) by rheumatologists may be premature, since a key component of expert‐level MSUS is the integration of an accurate knowledge of anatomy with the views obtained with the ultrasound probe.
Frequency of Radiographic Damage and Progression in Individual Joints in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Giancane Gabriella , Pederzoli Silvia , Norambuena Ximena , Ioseliani Maka , Sato Juliana , Gallo Maria Chiara , Negro Giorgia , Pistorio Angela , Ruperto Nicolino , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo
Published: August 2013

Objective

To evaluate the presence and progression of radiographic joint damage, as assessed with the adapted Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS), in individual joints in the hand and wrist in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to compare progression of damage among different JIA categories.

Methods

A total of 372 radiographs of both wrists and hands obtained at first observation and at last followup visit (after 1–10 years) in 186 children with polyarticular‐course JIA were evaluated. All radiographs were scored using the adapted SHS by 2 independent readers. Radiographic assessment included evaluation of joint space narrowing (JSN) and erosions on baseline and last followup radiographs and of progression of radiographic changes from baseline to last followup radiographs.

Results

Both JSN and erosions occurred in all adapted SHS areas. Overall, radiographic damage and progression were more common in the wrist and less common in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. The hamate and capitate areas appeared particularly vulnerable to cartilage loss. Erosions were identified most frequently in the hamate and capitate bones as well as in the second and third metacarpal bases. Patients with extended oligoarthritis were distinctly less susceptible to JSN in hand joints, whereas patients with polyarthritis showed a greater tendency to developing erosions in hand joints.

Conclusion

Radiographic joint damage and progression in our patients with JIA were seen most commonly in the wrist and less commonly in MCP joints. The frequency and localization of structural abnormalities differed markedly across disease categories.
Quality of Life and Health Care Use in Patients With Arthralgias Without Synovitis Compared With Patients Diagnosed With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From an Early Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Kuijper T. Martijn , Luime Jolanda J. , Alves Celina , Barendregt Pieternella J. , van Zeben Jendé , Bindels Patrick J. E. , Hazes Johanna M. W.
Published: August 2013

Objective

To compare the burden of disease and its development over time in patients referred to an early arthritis cohort who were diagnosed either as having arthralgias without synovitis or as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Patients diagnosed as having arthralgias without synovitis or RA were selected from the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort. Data on clinical and psychological characteristics, demographics, pain scores (Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index), functional ability (Health Assessment Questionnaire), health‐related quality of life (HRQOL; Short Form 36), fatigue (visual analog scale and Fatigue Assessment Scale), and health care utilization (HCU) were collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 months of followup. The burden of disease measures (pain, functional ability, fatigue, and HRQOL) and HCU levels were plotted over time for both groups. A Poisson regression model for repeated data was used to identify determinants of HCU for both groups.

Results

At baseline, 330 patients with arthralgias without synovitis (nonsynovitis [NS] group) and 244 RA patients (RA group) were included. Overall, the burden of disease measures and HCU levels were very similar between groups. Both groups showed improvement over time with respect to pain scores, functional ability, HRQOL, and HCU levels. Independent predictors of high HCU were identified as more pain, worse physical health, and external locus of control in the NS group and as shorter duration of symptoms, low chance locus of control, and worse physical functioning in the RA group.

Conclusion

Despite the absence of an inflammatory diagnosis, patients with arthralgias without synovitis experienced a similar burden of disease compared with RA patients.
Utility of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in a Department of Defense Rheumatology Practice: A Four‐Year Retrospective Experience
Authors: Kay Johnson C. , Higgs Jay B. , Battafarano Daniel F.
Published: August 2013

Objective

To analyze the utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in a rheumatology department and characterize relevant clinical trends.

Methods

Electronic medical records of all patients (n = 503) requiring MSUS in our department from January 2007 to December 2011 were reviewed. Rheumatologists performed MSUS using MyLab 25 or MyLab 70 systems. Clinical data were collected, including age, sex, symptoms, joint(s) examined, MSUS findings, procedures, further radiologic studies, and additional specialty consults. Results were tabulated from 717 total MSUS encounters and each was categorized as a completed encounter or an incomplete encounter. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports that followed MSUS were examined for concurrence. Cumulative numbers of MSUS examinations and MRIs were totaled. The Medicare global national average cost for MRIs and potential savings were calculated.

Results

A total of 789 joint sites were examined by MSUS. There were 84 US‐guided procedures. Overall, 158 specialty consults were generated. After MSUS, 55 additional radiologic studies were ordered. There were 613 (85.5%) primary completed MSUS encounters and 104 cases (14.5%) requiring further imaging studies or an orthopedic consultation. There was an increased use of MSUS and a concurrent decreased use of MRI in our department over 4 consecutive years. We calculated the total potential savings from our rheumatology service to the Department of Defense as approximately $27,937.80 to $38,047.20 over 4 years.

Conclusion

MSUS has a positive impact in a rheumatology practice. MSUS augments the clinical examination, influences diagnosis and management, decreases reliance on other imaging modalities, and reduces health care costs.
Agreement Among Musculoskeletal Pediatric Specialists in the Assessment of Radiographic Joint Damage in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lozano Ana‐Luisa , Giancane Gabriella , Pignataro Rossana , Viola Stefania , Valle Maura , Gregorio Sandro , Norambuena Ximena , Ioseliani Maka , Pistorio Angela , Magnaguagno Francesca , Riganti Simone , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo
Published: August 2013

Objective

To evaluate agreement among musculoskeletal pediatric specialists in assessing radiographic joint damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Two pediatric rheumatologists, 2 pediatric radiologists, and 2 pediatric orthopedic surgeons evaluated independently 60 radiographs of both wrists and hands of children with polyarticular‐course JIA. Films were scored using an adapted and simplified version of the Larsen score, ranging from 0–5. Study radiographs were selected from 568 films used in a previous study aimed to validate an adapted pediatric version of the Sharp/van der Heijde (SHS) score. To enable comparison of specialists' scores with the adapted SHS score, the 60 radiographs were divided into 6 classes of severity of damage based on quintiles of the adapted SHS score. Agreement was evaluated in terms of absolute agreement and through weighted kappa statistics.

Results

The pediatric radiologists tended to assign lower scores and to provide more frequently scores of 0 than did the other specialists. Weighted kappa for the 3 pairs of specialists ranged from 0.67–0.69, indicating substantial agreement. Absolute agreement ranged from 51.3–55.7%, depending on the pair of specialists examined. Both absolute and weighted kappa concordance between specialists' scores and the adapted SHS score were poorer for the pediatric radiologist than for the other specialists.

Conclusion

We observed fair agreement in the assessment of radiographic damage among pediatric specialists involved in the care of children with JIA. The radiologists tended to be more reserved than the rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons in labeling radiographs as damaged or in considering changes as important.
25th Anniversary Article: Recent Advances in n‐Type and Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi
Published: August 2013

The advantages of organic field‐effect transistors, such as low cost, mechanical flexibility and large‐area fabrication, make them potentially useful for electronic applications such as flexible switching backplanes for video displays, radio frequency identifications and so on. A large amount of molecules were designed and synthesized for electron transporting (n‐type) and ambipolar organic semiconductors with improved performance and stability. In this review, we focus on the advances in performance and molecular design of n‐type and ambipolar semiconductors reported in the past few years.
Supply chain management using an optimization driven simulation approach
Authors: Sahay Nihar , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: August 2013

In this work, we propose a hybrid simulation‐based optimization framework to solve the supply chain management problem. The hybrid approach combines a mathematical programming model with an agent‐based simulation model and uses them in an iterative framework. The optimization model is used to guide the decisions toward an optimal allocation of resources given the realistic supply chain representation given by the simulation. Thus, the proposed approach provides a more realistic solution compared to a stand‐alone optimization model, often a simplified representation of the actual system, by making use of the simulation model, which captures the detailed dynamic behavior of the system. A multiobjective problem has been formulated by taking into consideration the environmental impact of supply chain operations. The proposed framework has been applied to small‐scale case studies to study the effectiveness of the approach for such problems. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4612–4626, 2013
Clinical and radiologic findings in a case series of maxillary sinusitis of dental origin
Authors: Pokorny Al , Tataryn Roderick
Published: August 2013

Background

Maxillary sinusitis of dental origin (MSDO) has been described for decades, but tends to be overlooked as a possible cause of chronic sinusitis by both clinicians and radiologists. The incidence of MSDO in published series is reported to be from 10% to 40% in bacterial sinusitis. We present this series to highlight clinical and radiologic indicators of MSDO.

Methods

Databases from the authors' otolaryngology and endodontic practices were reviewed to identify patients who had been seen mutually. Sixty‐seven (67) patients were identified. Both authors then reviewed the clinical records and associated computed tomography (CT) scans and determined that 31 patients had MSDO and 2 of had bilateral MSDO, for a total of 33 cases. The clinical and radiologic features related to these cases were then tabulated.

Results

The clinical characteristics of the 33 cases of MSDO were as follows: sinus pain (88%), postnasal drainage (64%), congestion (45%), maxillary toothache (39%), and foul drainage (15%). Radiographic CT findings of MSDO showed periapical abscess in 18 cases (55%), periodontal abscess in 3 cases (9%), and no obvious dental pathology in 12 cases (36%). The extent of associated sinusitis was variable from mucoperiosteal thickening to florid unilateral sinusitis involving multiple sinuses. Eighteen maxillary sinuses (55%) were found to have either patent maxillary infundibula or prior surgical antrostomy. Twenty‐four patients (77%) had unilateral maxillary sinus disease.

Conclusion

MSDO should be considered highly likely when radiographic evidence of dental pathology is associated with maxillary sinus disease. Regardless of negative CT evidence of dental pathology, MSDO should be suspected when unilateral maxillary sinus disease is seen, particularly when associated with a patent infundibulum. When MSDO is suspected, a clinical endodontic examination should be performed to rule out or treat an odontogenic etiology.
Cubic silsesquioxanes as tunable high‐performance coating materials
Authors: Ro Hyun Wook , Popova Vera , Krug Dave J. , Forster Aaron M. , Laine Richard M. , Soles Christopher L.
Published: August 2013

In this manuscript a series of cubic silsequioxane monomers with their eight vertices functionalized by different organic tethers and terminated with triethoxysilane groups were acid hydrolyzed, spin cast, and vitrified into hard organosilicate films. Both the length of the organic ligands and the number of triethoxysilane groups were varied to change the degree of cross‐linking and cubic silsequioxane content of the vitrified films. This resulted in a series of high‐quality optical‐grade coatings with excellent properties. In general, higher concentrations of the cubic silsequioxane moiety in the network and higher cross‐link densities led to enhanced mechanical properties, lower porosity, higher density, lower thermal expansion, and a very hydrophilic surface. The manner by which these properties can be tuned via the cubic silsesquioxane content is discussed in comparison to the structure–property relations for other spin on silsequioxane type films. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Is Associated With Anti‐NR2 Antibodies
Authors: Lauvsnes Maria B. , Maroni Stian S. , Appenzeller Simone , Beyer Mona K. , Greve Ole J. , Kvaløy Jan T. , Harboe Erna , Gøransson Lasse G. , Tjensvoll Anne B. , Omdal Roald
Published: August 2013

Objective

Our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is incomplete. In systemic lupus erythematosus, it has been reported that antibodies directed against N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subtype NR2 (anti‐NR2) interfere with memory and learning function, as well as mood. This has not been investigated in primary SS; however, the present study was undertaken to advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric involvement in this disease.

Methods

Sixty‐six patients with primary SS and 66 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects underwent clinical examination and neuropsychological evaluation. Anti‐NR2 antibodies were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Hippocampus volume was estimated using software extensions to SPM5.

Results

Patients with primary SS had smaller hippocampi than healthy subjects (mean ± SD 8.15 ± 0.98 cm3 versus 8.49 ± 0.88 cm3; P = 0.01). In patients with primary SS, anti‐NR2 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid were associated with a worse performance in 8 of 10 memory and learning tests, and anti‐NR2 antibodies in serum were associated with a worse performance in 6 of those same tests. In addition, a higher proportion of patients with depression than patients without depression had serum anti‐NR2 antibody levels above the cutoff value.

Conclusion

Results of this study indicate that anti‐NR2 antibodies may represent one of the pathogenetic mechanisms for cognitive disturbances and mood disorders in patients with primary SS.
Value of Isolated IgA Anti–β2‐Glycoprotein I Positivity in the Diagnosis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Murthy Vijaya , Willis Rohan , Romay‐Penabad Zurina , Ruiz‐Limón Patricia , Martínez‐Martínez Laura A. , Jatwani Shraddha , Jajoria Praveen , Seif Alan , Alarcón Graciela S. , Papalardo Elizabeth , Liu Jigna , Vilá Luis M. , McGwin Gerald , McNearney Terry A. , Maganti Rashmi , Sunkureddi Prashanth , Parekh Trisha , Tarantino Michael , Akhter Ehtisham , Fang Hong , Gonzalez Emilio B. , Binder Walter R. , Norman Gary L. , Shums Zakera , Teodorescu Marius , Reveille John D. , Petri Michelle , Pierangeli Silvia S.
Published: August 2013

Objective

To examine the prevalence of isolated IgA anti–β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2GPI) positivity and the association of these antibodies, and a subgroup that bind specifically to domain IV/V of β2GPI, with clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in 3 patient groups and to evaluate the pathogenicity of IgA anti‐β2GPI in a mouse model of thrombosis.

Methods

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from a multiethnic, multicenter cohort (LUpus in MInorities, NAture versus nurture [LUMINA]) (n = 558), patients with SLE from the Hopkins Lupus Cohort (n = 215), and serum samples referred to the Antiphospholipid Standardization Laboratory (APLS) (n = 5,098) were evaluated. IgA anti‐β2GPI titers and binding to domain IV/V of β2GPI were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD1 mice were inoculated with purified IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies, and surgical procedures and ELISAs were performed to evaluate thrombus development and tissue factor (TF) activity.

Results

A total of 198 patients were found to be positive for IgA anti‐β2GPI isotype, and 57 patients were positive exclusively for IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies. Of these, 13 of 23 patients (56.5%) in the LUMINA cohort, 17 of 17 patients (100%) in the Hopkins cohort, and 10 of 17 patients (58.9%) referred to APLS had at least one APS‐related clinical manifestation. Fifty‐four percent of all the IgA anti‐β2GPI–positive serum samples reacted with domain IV/V of anti‐β2GPI, and 77% of those had clinical features of APS. Isolated IgA anti‐β2GPI positivity was associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis (P < 0.001), venous thrombosis (P = 0.015), and all thrombosis (P < 0.001). The association between isolated IgA anti‐β2GPI and arterial thrombosis (P = 0.0003) and all thrombosis (P = 0.0003) remained significant after adjusting for other risk factors for thrombosis. In vivo mouse studies demonstrated that IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies induced significantly larger thrombi and higher TF levels compared to controls.

Conclusion

Isolated IgA anti‐β2GPI–positive titers may identify additional patients with clinical features of APS. Testing for these antibodies when other antiphospholipid tests are negative and APS is suspected is recommended. IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies directed to domain IV/V of β2GPI represent an important subgroup of clinically relevant antiphospholipids.
Brief Report: Association of Genetic Variants in the IL4 and IL4R Genes With the Severity of Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Study in Seven Cohorts
Authors: Krabben A. , Wilson A. G. , de Rooy D. P. C. , Zhernakova A. , Brouwer E. , Lindqvist E. , Saxne T. , Stoeken G. , van Nies J. A. B. , Knevel R. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Toes R. , Gregersen P. K. , van der Helm‐van Mil A. H. M.
Published: August 2013

Objective

The progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is determined by genetic factors. Changes in IL4 and IL4R genes have been associated with RA severity, but this finding has not been replicated. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between IL4‐ and IL4R‐tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the progression rate of joint damage in RA in a multicohort candidate gene study.

Methods

IL4‐ and IL4R‐tagging SNPs (n = 8 and 39, respectively) were genotyped in 600 RA patients for whom 2,846 sets of radiographs of the hands and feet were obtained during 7 years of followup. Subsequently, SNPs significantly associated with the progression of joint damage were genotyped and studied in relation to 3,415 radiographs of 1,953 RA patients; these included data sets from Groningen (The Netherlands), Lund (Sweden), Sheffield (UK), the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (US), Wichita (US), and the National Data Bank (US). The relative increase in progression rate per year in the presence of a genotype was determined in each cohort. An inverse variance weighting meta‐analysis was performed on the 6 data sets that together formed the replication phase.

Results

In the discovery phase, none of the IL4 SNPs and 7 of the IL4R SNPs were significantly associated with the joint damage progression rate. In the replication phase, 2 SNPs in the IL4R gene were significantly associated with the joint damage progression rate (rs1805011 [P = 0.02] and rs1119132 [P = 0.001]).

Conclusion

Genetic variants in IL4R were identified, and their association with the progression rate of joint damage in RA was independently replicated.
A generic unsupervised method for decomposing multi‐author documents
Authors: Akiva Navot , Koppel Moshe
Published: August 2013

Given an unsegmented multi‐author text, we wish to automatically separate out distinct authorial threads. We present a novel, entirely unsupervised, method that achieves strong results on multiple testbeds, including those for which authorial threads are topically identical. Unlike previous work, our method requires no specialized linguistic tools and can be easily applied to any text.
Interaction of Finger Representations in the Cortex of Individuals with Autism: A Functional Window into Cortical Inhibition
Authors: Coskun Mehmet A. , Loveland Katherine A. , Pearson Deborah A. , Papanicolaou Andrew C. , Sheth Bhavin R.
Published: August 2013

An established neural biomarker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has the potential to provide novel biological and pharmacological targets for treatment. Lower level of inhibition in brain circuits is a leading biomarker candidate. A physiological investigation of the functional levels of inhibition in the cortex of individuals with autism can provide a strong test of the hypothesis. The amplitude of cortical response to the stimulation of adjacent fingers is controlled by the level of cortical inhibition and provides just such a test. Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded the response of the somatosensory cortex to the passive tactile stimulation of the thumb (D1), and index finger (D2), and to the simultaneous stimulation of both fingers combined (D1,D2) of the dominant (right) hand of young subjects with and without autism. For each participant, we measured the response to the stimulation of both fingers combined (D1,D2) relative to the post hoc sum of the responses to the stimulation of each finger alone (D1+D2) in multiple different ways and linearly regressed the ASD and neurotypical (NT) groups' responses. The resulting slopes were then compared: Smaller slope values imply attenuated response to paired finger stimulation, and enhanced levels of inhibition. The short‐latency M40 and mid‐latency M80 response slopes of the group with autism obtained in different ways were either significantly smaller, or statistically indistinguishable from NT. The result does not support reduced inhibition in the somatosensory cortex of individuals with autism, contrary to the seminal hypothesis of reduced inhibition. Implications are discussed including refinements of current theory. Autism Res 2013, 6: 542–549. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stem cells and aging from a quasi‐immortal point of view
Authors: Boehm Anna‐Marei , Rosenstiel Philip , Bosch Thomas C. G.
Published: August 2013

Understanding aging and how it affects an organism's lifespan is a fundamental problem in biology. A hallmark of aging is stem cell senescence, the decline of functionality, and number of somatic stem cells, resulting in an impaired regenerative capacity and reduced tissue function. In addition, aging is characterized by profound remodeling of the immune system and a quantitative decline of adequate immune responses, a phenomenon referred to as immune‐senescence. Yet, what is causing stem cell and immune‐senescence? This review discusses experimental studies of potentially immortal Hydra which have made contributions to answering this question. Hydra transcription factor FoxO has been shown to modulate both stem cell proliferation and innate immunity, lending strong support to a role of FoxO as critical rate‐of‐aging regulator from Hydra to human. Constructing a model of how FoxO responds to diverse environmental factors provides a framework for how stem cell factors might contribute to aging.
Sequence context and crosslinking mechanism affect the efficiency of in vivo capture of a protein–protein interaction
Authors: Lancia Jody K. , Nwokoye Adaora , Dugan Amanda , Joiner Cassandra , Pricer Rachel , Mapp Anna K.
Published: August 2013

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for implementing cellular processes and thus methods for the discovery and study of PPIs are highly desirable. An emerging method for capturing PPIs in their native cellular environment is in vivo covalent chemical capture, a method that uses nonsense suppression to site specifically incorporate photoactivable unnatural amino acids (UAAs) in living cells. However, in one study we found that this method did not capture a PPI for which there was abundant functional evidence, a complex formed between the transcriptional activator Gal4 and its repressor protein Gal80. Here we describe the factors that influence the success of covalent chemical capture and show that the innate reactivity of the two UAAs utilized, (p‐benzoylphenylalanine (pBpa) and p‐azidophenylalanine (pAzpa)), plays a profound role in the capture of Gal80 by Gal4. Based upon these data, guidelines are outlined for the successful use of in vivo photo‐crosslinking to capture novel PPIs and to characterize the interfaces. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 391–397, 2014.
The tangled web of Langer's lines
Authors: Carmichael Stephen W.
Published: August 2013

Langer's lines are often considered to be guides for elective surgical incisions. Interestingly, Karl Langer was not the first to describe the property of skin that leads to the lines he depicted, nor are these lines in common use today. Rather, it is common that relaxed skin tension lines provide a guide for cosmetically pleasing surgical results. Nevertheless, Langer did conduct extensive studies on human skin that remain as a scholarly body of work. Clin. Anat. 27:162–168, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.