bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photodetector array for measuring the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of electric field in oil–pressboard insulation based on the Kerr electro‐optic effect
Authors: Gao Chunjia , Qi Bo , Li Chengrong , Zheng Yukung
Published: April 2024

Accurate measurement and effective analysis of the space electric field and charge characteristics within the oil–pressboard insulation structure of converter transformer are essential for achieving precise insulation structure design. Presently, most electric field measurement methods relying on the Kerr electro‐optical effect are limited to single‐point measurements. Given the complexity of converter transformer insulation structures, including their large scale and the use of various materials, existing technologies and findings struggle to provide comprehensive electric field observations within the oil–pressboard region. After leveraging the Kerr electro‐optic effect, a high‐precision 32‐unit photodetector array has been developed to achieve regional measurements of spatial‐temporal electric field in oil–pressboard insulation. The array boasts a measurement spatial resolution of 1.4 mm2 and a sensitivity of 0.15 kV/mm, ensuring measurement accuracy exceeding 96.50%. Through practical measurements of the spatial electric field distribution within the oil–pressboard insulation under direct current voltage, the non‐uniform distribution of the electric field is effectively captured in oil. Notably, the maximum deviation in field strength at different positions within the transformer oil can reach 18.5%. Moreover, as the applied voltage increases, the unevenness coefficient of the field strength gradually rises, peaking at 1.19, which signifies a progressive expansion in the area affected by electric field distortion. By conducting tests to assess the dispersion of volume resistivity in samples from various positions within large sheets of pressboard, the variation in volume resistivity of materials is posited as one of the contributing factors to the non‐uniform distribution of electric field within the oil. The detailed accomplishments aim to provide essential technical and theoretical support for optimising insulation structure design of converter transformers.
Magnification factor for pile internal forces of pile‐supported wharves under bi‐directional ground motions
Authors: Feng Yunfen , Gao Shufei , Jing Fanli
Published: April 2024

In order to determine the pile internal forces of wharf under simultaneous seismic excitation in orthogonal horizontal directions with ease, the total internal forces can be obtained by multiplying the pile forces of two‐dimensional model under transverse earthquake loading with a magnification factor. The factors were computed from the seismic response of wharves having various aspect ratios (length to width) and eccentricity ratios when subjected to 30 pairs of bi‐directional earthquake records. Mean magnification factors and their corresponding dispersion are presented for all ground motion ensembles. The influence of aspect ratio and eccentricity ratio is evaluated and discussed. It is concluded that the magnification factor can be expressed as the function of aspect ratio and eccentricity ratio, and follows lognormal distribution. The proposed equation of magnification factor can be an alternative for internal force analysis of wharves under bi‐directional ground motion.
The design approach of an artificial intelligent (AI) medical system based on electronical health records (EHR) and priority segmentations
Authors: Akhtar Zarif Bin
Published: April 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital systems and modern technology, including computing and device peripherals, a paradigm shift is evident across various engineering fields. This transformation is characterized by the integration of cutting‐edge concepts such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Cloud Computing, and Smart Digital Systems. Notably, these advancements hold significant promise in Biomedical Engineering, where they play crucial roles in comprehending human conditions and anatomy. Given the paramount importance of health, especially amidst rising diseases and health‐related challenges, there arises a pressing need for optimal solutions. This research focuses on the integration of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems with AI to deliver efficient solutions. Specifically, the research targets issues related to prioritization and segment queue management, with the aim of enhancing overall proficiency and efficiency in healthcare operations. The research presents a prototype version developed, deployed, and experimentally evaluated to assess its performance in achieving the stated objectives. Through this investigation, the research seeks to contribute to the advancement of EHR systems and AI integration in healthcare, ultimately aiming to enhance patient care and healthcare delivery processes.
Open superclusters
Authors: Casado Juan , Hendy Yasser
Published: April 2024

We define an open supercluster (OSC) as a cluster of at least six open clusters (OCs) born from the same giant molecular cloud (GMC). We surveyed the recent catalogs of OCs based on Gaia data and relevant literature to find 17 OSCs of the third Galactic quadrant, along with 190 likely members of them. OSCs are frequent enough to be considered an extra class of objects in the hierarchy of star formation. Some of these supersystems are new and most of them contain more members than previously thought. The detailed study of some OSCs lead to the discovery of four new young OCs that are members of them, named Casado-Hendy 2–5. In certain instances, subgroups with distinct proper motions (PMs) or 3D positions have been found within an OSC, suggesting the presence of multiple generations of stars formed from several bursts of star formation within the same GMC. OSCs are typically unbound and tend to disintegrate on timescales of ∼0.1 Gyr. The present results confirm that young OCs tend to form primordial groups and suggest that globular clusters (GCs) are not formed from the accretion of OSCs, that is, at least in the local Universe at late times.
Probing the physics of star formation (ProPStar)
Authors: Valdivia-Mena María Teresa , Pineda Jaime E. , Caselli Paola , Segura-Cox Dominique M. , Schmiedeke Anika , Spezzano Silvia , Offner Stella , Ivlev Alexei V. , Kuffmeier Michael , Cunningham Nichol , Neri Roberto , Maureira María José
Published: April 2024

Context. The detections of narrow channels of accretion toward protostellar disks, known as streamers, have increased in number in the last few years. However, it is unclear whether streamers are a common feature around protostars that were previously missed, or if they are a rare phenomenon.

Aims. Our goals are to obtain the incidence of streamers toward a region of clustered star formation and to trace the origins of their gas to determine whether they originate within the filamentary structure of molecular clouds or from beyond.

Methods. We used combined observations of the nearby NGC 1333 star-forming region, carried out with the NOEMA interferometer and the IRAM 30m single dish. Our observations cover the area between the systems IRAS 4 and SVS 13. We traced the chemically fresh gas within NGC 1333 with HC3N molecular gas emission and the structure of the fibers in this region with N2H+emission. We fit multiple velocity components in both maps and used clustering algorithms to recover velocity-coherent structures.

Results. We find streamer candidates toward 7 out of 16 young stellar objects within our field of view. This represents an incidence of approximately 40% of young stellar objects with streamer candidates in a clustered star-forming region. The incidence increases to about 60% when we only considered embedded protostars. All streamers are found in HC3N emission.

Conclusions. Given the different velocities between HC3N and N2H+emission, and because by construction, N2H+traces the fiber structure, we suggest that the gas that forms the streamers comes from outside the fibers. This implies that streamers can connect cloud material that falls onto the filaments with protostellar disk scales.
Ethnobotanical Survey on Antidepressive Plants Used for Mood
Management in Algeria
Authors: Gadouche Leila , Zidane Azdinia , Mokhtari Djamel E. , Metlef Sarra , Aichouni Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Depression is a mood disorder associated with cognitive decline. To
self-medicate, people use medicinal herbs to limit the side effects associated
with taking antidepressants, such as addiction, hallucinations, and dizziness.
Current research consists of ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants used to
improve depression-related mood disorders, and the socio-economic profiles of
people with depression (gender, age, education level…) and information about the
listed antidepressant plants (common name, part used…). 129 individuals
belonging to some regions of Algeria answered our questionnaire among which 82%
are women and 98% are academics. The informants cited 44 species (Mentha
spicata with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) =0.69, Chamomilla
nobilis RFC=0.49, Aloysia citrodora RFC=0.19, Lavandula
officinalis, Melissa officinalis RFC=0.17, Foeniculum
vulgare RFC=0.1, Pimpinella anisum RFC=0.09 and Hypericum
perforatum RFC=0.07…) belonging to 25 botanical families represented
mainly by the Lamiaceae family (38%). Infusion remains the most common method of
preparation, and the leaves are the most used part. These plants modulated the
depressive state of informants in a similar way to synthetic antidepressants.
These plants deserve to be studied for the development of new herbal drugs with
acceptable side effects.
Quantitative ultrasound radiomics analysis to evaluate lymph nodes in patients with cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Guerrisi Antonio , Miseo Ludovica , Falcone Italia , Messina Claudia , Ungania Sara , Elia Fulvia , Desiderio Flora , Valenti Fabio , Cantisani Vito , Soriani Antonella , Caterino Mauro
Published: April 2024

This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) radiomics in assessing
lymphadenopathy in patients with cancer and the ability of radiomics to predict metastatic
lymph node involvement. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE),
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE (Ovid) databases up to
June 13, 2023. 42 articles were included in which the lymph node mass was assessed with a US
exam, and the analysis was performed using radiomics methods. From the survey of the selected
articles, experimental evidence suggests that radiomics features extracted from US images can
be a useful tool for predicting and characterizing lymphadenopathy in patients with breast,
head and neck, and cervical cancer. This noninvasive and effective method allows the
extraction of important information beyond mere morphological characteristics, extracting
features that may be related to lymph node involvement. Future studies are needed to
investigate the role of US-radiomics in other types of cancers, such as melanoma.
Challenges and Strategies in Colorectal Surgery among Patients with Morbid Obesity
Authors: Dualeh Shukri H.A. , Howard Ryan
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores the interplay between morbid obesity and the challenges encountered in colorectal surgery. Understanding the unique considerations in preoperative and intraoperative management along with weight optimization tools such as bariatric surgery emerges as potential mitigators, demonstrating benefits in reducing colorectal cancer risk and improving perioperative outcomes. Furthermore, the pervasive stigma associated with morbid obesity further complicates patient care, emphasizing the need for empathetic and nuanced approaches. Recommendations for minimizing stigma involve recognizing obesity as a medical diagnosis, fostering respectful communication, and actively dispelling misconceptions. Colorectal surgeons are pivotal in navigating these complexities, ensuring comprehensive and tailored care for patients with morbid obesity.
Unusual Metastatic Sites in Malignant Phyllodes Tumor Detected on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Li Wai Ip , Ng Koon Kiu , Au Yong Ting Kun , Kung Boom Ting
Published: April 2024

Phyllodes tumor is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast. This tumor tends to spread by hematogenous route, with common metastatic sites in the lungs, bones, and liver. Metastases to the pleura, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, and adrenal gland are rare. We present a case of a 52-year-old lady with malignant phyllodes tumor of breast undergone local tumor resection, followed by solitary lung metastasis with lobectomy, and subsequently diagnosed of multiple new metastatic sites in pleura, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal gland, and bone detected on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography within 2 years.
Simulating microplastics path in human airways
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: April 2024

Simulating microplastics traveling through human airways will help inform targeting treatments, management of health risks, and raise awareness about the potential dangers.
The potential importance of the built-environment microbiome and its impact on human health
Authors: Bosch Thomas C. G. , Wigley Mark , Colomina Beatriz , Bohannan Brendan , Meggers Forrest , Amato Katherine R. , Azad Meghan B. , Blaser Martin J. , Brown Kate , Dominguez-Bello Maria Gloria , Ehrlich Stanislav Dusko , Elinav Eran , Finlay B. Brett , Geddie Kate , Geva-Zatorsky Naama , Giles-Vernick Tamara , Gros Philippe , Guillemin Karen , Haraoui Louis-Patrick , Johnson Elizabeth , Keck Frédéric , Lorimer Jamie , McFall-Ngai Margaret J. , Nichter Mark , Pettersson Sven , Poinar Hendrik , Rees Tobias , Tropini Carolina , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Zhao Liping , Melby Melissa K.
Published: April 2024

There is increasing evidence that interactions between microbes and their hosts not only play a role in determining health and disease but also in emotions, thought, and behavior. Built environments greatly influence microbiome exposures because of their built-in highly specific microbiomes coproduced with myriad metaorganisms including humans, pets, plants, rodents, and insects. Seemingly static built structures host complex ecologies of microorganisms that are only starting to be mapped. These microbial ecologies of built environments are directly and interdependently affected by social, spatial, and technological norms. Advances in technology have made these organisms visible and forced the scientific community and architects to rethink gene–environment and microbe interactions respectively. Thus, built environment design must consider the microbiome, and research involving host–microbiome interaction must consider the built-environment. This paradigm shift becomes increasingly important as evidence grows that contemporary built environments are steadily reducing the microbial diversity essential for human health, well-being, and resilience while accelerating the symptoms of human chronic diseases including environmental allergies, and other more life-altering diseases. New models of design are required to balance maximizing exposure to microbial diversity while minimizing exposure to human-associated diseases. Sustained trans-disciplinary research across time (evolutionary, historical, and generational) and space (cultural and geographical) is needed to develop experimental design protocols that address multigenerational multispecies health and health equity in built environments.
An attempt to plot the source languages of village names on a map of Kachin State, Myanmar
Authors: Sawada Hideo
Published: April 2024

The Kachin State of Myanmar is home to a variety of ethnic groups, including Kachin, Tai, and Burmese. This is a result of the ethnic migrations and expansions that have occurred in the area. Determining the source language of a village name and plotting it on a map could provide clues to the present and past distribution of the ethnic groups, and also supporting evidence for presumed ethnic migrations and expansions. In this paper, I will outline methods for determining the source languages of village names in Kachin State based on the resources such as descriptions on maps, information gathered through interviews, names of families and clans and so on. I will also present the results of an attempt to plot the source languages on a map at the current stage.
Latin : Seeing double
Authors: Senesi Rosso Manuel
Published: April 2024

We can observe a systematic reorganization of the Latin Spelling System in the II and I centuries BC. We will
focus on the etiology and diffusion of  spelling for the /ks/ cluster instead of , highlighting the interplay
between centripetal and centrifugal forces in the standardization process. Its etiology and further diffusion will be compared to
the emergence of other spelling innovations in the Latin writing system of the second century BC. We will propose that the
progressive integration of  spelling in the systematic orthography of Latin was favored by both morpho-graphemic and
phono-graphemic factors. Moreover, we will take into consideration the complex social network of the Roman Republic to trace back
 diffusion path. We will propose that, alongside the leading role of the urban elites in its diffusion, also local
communities independently developed such a spelling variant, probably as a consequence of Greek systematic orthography’s
influence.
The standardisation of spelling in Middle English
Authors: Cahill Lynne
Published: April 2024

The standardisation of English spelling is widely assumed to have happened, or at least started, during the fifteenth century, with a variety of theories about the location and spread of the process. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a single spelling feature: the vowel in the word said. It demonstrates that there were four main variants used across the country during the fifteenth and early sixteenth century, with preference for the modern standard form 〈ai〉 in Cambridgeshire, Middlesex and the Northern counties but for 〈ei〉 elsewhere. The analysis further raises serious questions about the claim that standardisation of the spelling system was well underway by the end of the fifteenth century, clearly showing that there was no reduction in either intra- or inter-document variation during the period covered by the MELD corpus, 1399–1525.
The experiences and needs of dog-‘owners’ affected by dog-theft
Authors: Venaktramanan Akaanksha , Roberts Lindsey
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Pet ‘ownership’ is empirically evidenced to improve mental and physical health, with research suggesting an anthropomorphic bond between ‘owners’ and dogs that equal familial relationships, including children. However, bereavement of dogs, and especially dog-theft, garner scarce interest, leaving a huge population to suffer disenfranchised grief unsupported. This study aims to validate the overlap of emotional value in familial and ‘owner’-dog relationships, and grief between dog-theft victims and those with missing loved ones. The study explores the needs of guardians suffering ambiguous loss, how they cope with it, and the role of social media in this process, to grow existing literature on the topic and guide psychological support resources. Design: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted, and secondary data was collected from participants’ Facebook and Instagram posts. Methods: Four primary caregivers for their dog who had experienced dog-theft were recruited through social media. Hour-long interviews were conducted over Teams and social media posts were collated post informed consent. Audio recordings were transcribed, and primary and secondary data were separately analysed through a critical-realist onto-epistemological approach, using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Five superordinate themes from primary data, and two from secondary were extracted that evidenced an anthropomorphic relationship and associated intensity of grief among victims of dog-theft. Correlations were found between grief and coping with missing loved ones and dogs, and additionally feelings of disenfranchisement. Social media is reported as safe and popular for expressing and processing complex emotions. Conclusions: Dog-theft is traumatic for guardians and causes suffering without knowledgeable support. Psychological research should aim to inform best-practice resources providing suitable help managing grief, social disenfranchisement, and other psychological or physiological consequences of this trauma.
Enhance the detection of surface micro/nanostructures by SPPs generated from silver film covered hemi-microsphere
Authors: Ren Wenyue , Huang Zhuozhuo , Wen Yangdong , Li Wen Jung
Published: April 2024

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are widely used for surface micro/nanostructures detection. However, because of the limitations of the common SPPs excitation conditions, it is difficult to flexibly detect surface micro/nanostructures in the air without being limited by the substrate structure. In this paper, a new SPPs excitation structure is developed. This structure is a silver film covered hemi-microsphere. SPPs could be excited on the surface of the Ag film, and induce collective oscillations of free electrons on the substrate surface to generate periodic electromagnetic waves. The periodic electromagnetic waves can enhance the electromagnetic field around the surface micro/nanostructures, which could benefit the detection of those surface micro/nanostructures. This method could work in the air, and requires less of the sample structure, but also could move above the sample to achieve a large range of detection. Simulation experiment results demonstrate that this structure has a good detection effect. The maximum enhancement achieved for nanoparticles is 113-fold. This structure holds great potential for medical detection and biosensing.
Cluster-based multidimensional scaling embedding tool for data visualization
Authors: Hernández-León Patricia , Caro Miguel A
Published: April 2024

We present a new technique for visualizing high-dimensional data called cluster MDS (cl-MDS), which addresses a common difficulty of dimensionality reduction methods: preserving both local and global structures of the original sample in a single 2-dimensional visualization. Its algorithm combines the well-known multidimensional scaling (MDS) tool with the k-medoids data clustering technique, and enables hierarchical embedding, sparsification and estimation of 2-dimensional coordinates for additional points. While cl-MDS is a generally applicable tool, we also include specific recipes for atomic structure applications. We apply this method to non-linear data of increasing complexity where different layers of locality are relevant, showing a clear improvement in their retrieval and visualization quality.
On the entropy corrected thermal features of black holes
Authors: Shababi Homa , Bandyopadhyay Tanwi , Debnath Ujjal
Published: April 2024

In this work, we investigate the thermal properties of black holes using a new class of generalized entropy functions [K Ourabah, Class. Quantum Grav., 41, 015 010 (2024)]. At the fundamental level, these entropic forms are associated with alternative gravitational laws, within an entropic gravity framework. Our investigation revolves around three distinct entropy functions associated with the Yukawa Potential Correction, Non-local Gravity Correction, and Gradient Field Gravity Correction. Through comparative analysis, we study how such entropic constructs impact the thermodynamic behavior of black holes. For each case, we derive the stability thermodynamic conditions associated with the respective entropic constructs.
Circumferential slots based decoupled wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Tiwari Rakesh N , Singh Prabhakar
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates a small size 2 × 2 wideband multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna covering frequency band of 2.61 to 5.52 GHz. The antenna structure consists of elliptical ring patch with multiple circumferential slots. The edge-to-edge separation between the patches are kept 3.6 mm with volumetric dimensions of 30 × 46 × 1.6 mm3. The narrow slits are etched in the tapered ground plane to obtain the wideband characteristics. The electromagnetic coupling is improved more than 16 dB by employing the neutralization technique. The measured average gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna are above 2.61dBi and 83.54%, respectively across the operating band. In addition to that, the important MIMO diversity parameters are investigated. The group delay and signal analysis in different orientations are also studied to ensure the quality performance of the antenna. The proposed MIMO antenna is simulated using CST microwave studio and further validated with the measurements. In addition to that, the parallel and orthogonal configuration of 4 × 4 MIMO antennas are analyzed by extending the proposed 2 × 2 MIMO design. The 4-port MIMO antennas exhibit the operating frequency bands varying from 2.80 to 5.58 GHz and 3.4 to 5.52 GHz, respectively for parallel and orthogonal MIMO configurations. The diversity parameters of 4-port MIMO antennas are calculated and compared with the measured results to verify its practical applications. Finaly, the SAR analysis of the antenna is presented at 3.08 and 5.20 GHz for 1/10 g tissues and are found 0.111/0.106 and 0.079/0.063 W K−1g−1, respectively. The proposed MIMO antenna designs are suitable for modern high-speed communication for 5G and sub-6 GHz frequency bands.
Evaluation of neutron cross sections of 48Ti based on the Unified-Monte-Carlo-B method*
Authors: Xia 夏 Hou-Qiong 候琼 , Xu 续 Rui-Rui 瑞瑞 , Liu 刘 Ping 萍 , Capote Roberto , Tian 田 Yuan 源 , Tao 陶 Xi 曦 , Wu 吴 Xiao-Fei 小飞 , Zhang 张 Yue 玥 , Ge 葛 Zhi-Gang 智刚 , Shu 舒 Neng-Chuan 能川 , Feng 冯 Song 松
Published: April 2024

A cross section evaluation of neutron induced reactions on 48Ti is undertaken using the Unified Monte Carlo-B (UMC-B) approach. The evaluation concentrates on estimating the covariance and the use of the UMC-B allows avoiding the deficiencies of linear regression brought by the traditional least squares method. Eight main neutron and charged particle emission reactions from n+48Ti in the fast neutron energy region below 20 MeV are studied in this work. The posterior probability density function (PDF) of each neutron cross section is obtained in a UMC-B Bayesian approach by convoluting the model PDFs sampled based on model parameters and the likelihood functions for the experimental data. Nineteen model parameters including level density, pair corrections, optical model and Kalbach matrix element parameter are stochastically sampled with the assumption of normal distributions to estimate the model uncertainty. The Cholesky factorization approach is applied to consider potential parameter correlations. Finally, the posterior covariance matrices are generated using the UMC-B generated weights. The new evaluated results are compared with the CENDL-3.2, ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3, TENDL-2021 and JENDL-5 evaluations and differences are discussed.
On the relationship between imprint and reliability in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 based ferroelectric random access memory
Authors: Yuan Peng , Chen Yuting , Chai Liguo , Jiao Zhengying , Luan Qingjie , Shen Yongqing , Zhang Ying , Leng Jibin , Ma Xueli , Xiang Jinjuan , Wang Guilei , Zhao Chao
Published: April 2024

The detrimental effect of imprint, which can cause misreading problem, has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO2. In this work, we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2-based ferroelectric random access memory. The influence of imprint on the retention and endurance is demonstrated. Furthermore, a solution in circuity is proposed to effectively solve the misreading problem caused by imprint.
Effect of annealing on the electrical performance of N-polarity GaN Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Xu Nuo , Deng Gaoqiang , Ma Haotian , Yang Shixu , Niu Yunfei , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Yusen , Zhao Jingkai , Zhang Yuantao
Published: April 2024

A nitrogen-polarity (N-polarity) GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) shows great potential for high-frequency solid-state power amplifier applications because its two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density and mobility are minimally affected by device scaling. However, the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of N-polarity GaN is low. This leads to a large gate leakage in N-polarity GaN-based HEMTs. In this work, we investigate the effect of annealing on the electrical characteristics of N-polarity GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with Ni/Au electrodes. Our results show that the annealing time and temperature have a large influence on the electrical properties of N-polarity GaN SBDs. Compared to the N-polarity SBD without annealing, the SBH and rectification ratio at ±5 V of the SBD are increased from 0.51 eV and 30 to 0.77 eV and 7700, respectively, and the ideal factor of the SBD is decreased from 1.66 to 1.54 after an optimized annealing process. Our analysis results suggest that the improvement of the electrical properties of SBDs after annealing is mainly due to the reduction of the interface state density between Schottky contact metals and N-polarity GaN and the increase of barrier height for the electron emission from the trap state at low reverse bias.
High-speed performance self-powered short wave ultraviolet radiation detectors based on κ(ε)-Ga2O3
Authors: Almaev Aleksei , Tsymbalov Alexander , Kushnarev Bogdan , Nikolaev Vladimir , Pechnikov Alexei , Scheglov Mikhail , Chikiryaka Andrei , Korusenko Petr
Published: April 2024

High-speed solar-blind short wavelength ultraviolet radiation detectors based on κ(ε)-Ga2O3 layers with Pt contacts were demonstrated and their properties were studied in detail. The κ(ε)-Ga2O3 layers were deposited by the halide vapor phase epitaxy on patterned GaN templates with sapphire substrates. The spectral dependencies of the photoelectric properties of structures were analyzed in the wavelength interval 200–370 nm. The maximum photo to dark current ratio, responsivity, detectivity and external quantum efficiency of structures were determined as: 180.86 arb. un., 3.57 A/W, 1.78 × 1012 Hz0.5∙cm∙W−1 and 2193.6%, respectively, at a wavelength of 200 nm and an applied voltage of 1 V. The enhancement of the photoresponse was caused by the decrease in the Schottky barrier at the Pt/κ(ε)−Ga2O3 interface under ultraviolet exposure. The detectors demonstrated could functionalize in self-powered mode due to built-in electric field at the Pt/κ(ε)-Ga2O3 interface. The responsivity and external quantum efficiency of the structures at a wavelength of 254 nm and zero applied voltage were 0.9 mA/W and 0.46%, respectively. The rise and decay times in self-powered mode did not exceed 100 ms.
The influence of spheroid maturity on fusion dynamics and micro-tissue assembly in 3D tumor models
Authors: Pan Rong , Lin Chenyu , Yang Xiaoyan , Xie Yuanyuan , Gao Lixia , Yu Ling
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has been used in many fields of biology because of its unique advantages. As a representative of the 3D systems, 3D spheroids are used as building blocks for tissue construction. Larger tumor aggregates can be assembled by manipulating or stacking the tumor spheroids. The motivation of this study is to investigate the behavior of the cells distributed at different locations of the spheroids in the fusion process and the mechanism behind it. To this aim, spheroids with varying grades of maturity or age were generated for fusion to assemble micro-tumor tissues. The dynamics of the fusion process, the motility of the cells distributed in different heterogeneous architecture sites, and their reactive oxygen species profiles were studied. We found that the larger the spheroid necrotic core, the slower the fusion rate of the spheroid. The cells that move were mainly distributed on the spheroid’s surface during fusion. In addition to dense microfilament distribution and low microtubule content, the reactive oxygen content was high in the fusion site, while the non-fusion site was the opposite. Last, multi-spheroids with different maturities were fused to complex micro-tissues to mimic solid tumors and evaluate Doxorubicin’s anti-tumor efficacy.
Multiparameter critical quantum metrology with impurity probes
Authors: Mihailescu George , Bayat Abolfazl , Campbell Steve , Mitchell Andrew K
Published: April 2024

Quantum systems can be used as probes in the context of metrology for enhanced parameter estimation. In particular, the delicacy ofcriticalsystems to perturbations can make them ideal sensors. Arguably the simplest realistic probe system is a spin-12impurity, which can be manipulated and measuredin-situwhen embedded in a fermionic environment. Although entanglement between a single impurity probe and its environment produces nontrivial many-body effects, criticality cannot be leveraged for sensing. Here we introduce instead the two-impurity Kondo model as a novel paradigm for critical quantum metrology, and examine the multiparameter estimation scenario at finite temperature. We explore the full metrological phase diagram numerically and obtain exact analytic results near criticality. Enhanced sensitivity to the inter-impurity coupling driving a second-order phase transition is evidenced by diverging quantum Fisher information (QFI) and quantum signal-to-noise ratio (QSNR). However, with uncertainty in both coupling strength and temperature, the multiparameter QFI matrix becomes singular—even though the parameters to be estimated are independent—resulting in vanishing QSNRs. We demonstrate that by applying a known control field, the singularity can be removed and measurement sensitivity restored. For general systems, we show that the degradation in the QSNR due to uncertainties in another parameter is controlled by the degree of correlation between the unknown parameters.
Evaluating perovskite solar panels for thermal stability and inclination performance through finite element modelling
Authors: Wang Ranfu , Liu Xinzhi , Shafie Suhaidi
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a foresight simulation of perovskite solar modules, focusing on their behavior under different wind velocities and the thermal effects of varying solar irradiance conditions. Despite the burgeoning interest in Perovskite solar panels (PSPs) due to their lower material costs and promising efficiencies, there exist significant research gaps, particularly in the interaction between wind flow and thermal variations, as well as the performance dynamics under distinct wind velocities. To address these gaps, Finite Element Modelling (FEM) simulations were conducted to analyze the thermal stability and wind stress resistance of PSPs, employing a structural design analogous to commercial silicon PV panels. The simulations revealed that the implementation of a cooling system effectively lowered the average temperature of the perovskite layer by a factor of 2.46, significantly reducing the risk of thermal degradation. Additionally, wind stress simulations demonstrated a direct proportionality between the vertical pressure on the panels and their inclination angles, suggesting that lower angles could minimize wind-induced damage while considering daily solar azimuth. The study’s outcomes contribute to the understanding of PSPs’ mechanical and thermal resilience, proposing an optimized design approach for enhanced durability and efficiency in real-world applications. However, the segregation of thermal and wind flow simulations suggests an area for further integrated studies to fully comprehend the simultaneous effects of environmental factors on PSP performance.
An improved nested 3-phase 5-level MLI design with optimized output voltage and total harmonic distortion
Authors: S Sivamani , S P Mangaiyarkarasi , S Senthilkumar
Published: April 2024

Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) have advanced progressively and demonstrated enormous capacity in power electronics. To provide a 5-level voltage output with a 3-phase full-bridge arrangement and an additional bi-directional switch, a dc voltage input was split by two capacitors. This setup has two issues namely the output voltage limiting the magnitude of the input supply voltage and the voltage disparity between the isolating capacitors. This study suggests an improved nested 3-phase 5-level MLI design with a voltage level and total harmonic distortion (THD) that are both optimized. The suggested arrangement has the features of a lower proportion of passive elements and separated DC sources as it is constructed with a cascade linking of nested two-level cells (NTCs). The suggested unit cell was found to produce a 9-level output voltage (line) by producing a 5-level output voltage (phase) with a peak value that is double the level of the input voltage. The output voltage increasing the capacity of the suggested circuit is its prominent advantage, and the efficacy of the suggested design is 95% and validated by the simulated resultsKeywords: Multilevel Inverters (MLIs), Total harmonic distortion (THD), Voltage level.
Towards a classification of isolated 𝑗-invariants
Authors: Bourdon Abbey , Hashimoto Sachi , Keller Timo , Klagsbrun Zev , Lowry-Duda David , Morrison Travis , Najman Filip , Shukla Himanshu
Published: April 2024

We develop an algorithm to test whether a non-complex multiplication elliptic curve

E

/

Q

E/\mathbf {Q}

gives rise to an isolated point of any degree on any modular curve of the form

X
1

(
N
)

X_1(N)

. This builds on prior work of Zywina which gives a method for computing the image of the adelic Galois representation associated to

E
E

. Running this algorithm on all elliptic curves presently in the

L
L

-functions and Modular Forms Database and the Stein–Watkins Database gives strong evidence for the conjecture that

E
E

gives rise to an isolated point on

X
1

(
N
)

X_1(N)

if and only if

j
(
E
)
=
−
140625

/

8
,
−
9317

j(E)=-140625/8, -9317

,

351

/

4

351/4

, or

−
162677523113838677

-162677523113838677

.
A Biological Approach to Periorbital Aesthetics in Caucasian Females: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Zanchetta-Balint Erik , Hersant Barbara , Hanan Lyor , Meningaud Jean Paul
Published: April 2024

The face plays an important role in human interactions, and the periorbital region is particularly important for recognition and attractiveness. There are several studies on the beauty of the periorbital region with a variety of methodologies, but few articles consider the attractiveness factors derived from evolutionary psychology such as symmetry, dimorphism, age and average, neoteny, and facial expression. The aim of this study was to identify periorbital attractiveness criteria in Caucasian females based on experimental studies and to interpret them in the light of studies on biological attractiveness factors. A review of literature was conducted with PubMed, the Cochrane Library Database, and EMBASE. Studies published after March 20, 2022, were analyzed, and no date limit was applied to reference papers. The search strategy was focused on 3 main concepts: attractiveness AND evaluation AND facial feature of periorbital region. A total of 780 articles were identified with this search strategy; 534 were excluded based on title and abstract and another 110 after full text assessment. Eighteen articles were finally included in the analysis. The main factors identified were an ascending intercanthal axis and eyebrow axis, a regular pretarsal plate and a well-defined upper lid crease, no scleral show, and an open eye fissure exposing the upper half of the iris. In our review we were able to identify objective anthropometric characteristics linked to biological attractiveness criteria that may be helpful in preoperative planning and assessment of the periorbital region of patients.

Level of Evidence: 3
Analysis of Emerging Variants of Turkey Reovirus using Machine Learning
Authors: KafiKang Maryam , Abeysiriwardana Chamudi , Singh Vikash K , Young Koh Chan , Prichard Janet , Mor Sunil K , Hendawi Abdeltawab
Published: April 2024

Avian reoviruses continue to cause disease in turkeys with varied pathogenicity and tissue tropism. Turkey enteric reovirus has been identified as a causative agent of enteritis or inapparent infections in turkeys. The new emerging variants of turkey reovirus, tentatively named turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) and turkey hepatitis reovirus (THRV), are linked to tenosynovitis/arthritis and hepatitis, respectively. Turkey arthritis and hepatitis reoviruses are causing significant economic losses to the turkey industry. These infections can lead to poor weight gain, uneven growth, poor feed conversion, increased morbidity and mortality and reduced marketability of commercial turkeys. To combat these issues, detecting and classifying the types of reoviruses in turkey populations is essential. This research aims to employ clustering methods, specifically K-means and Hierarchical clustering, to differentiate three types of turkey reoviruses and identify novel emerging variants. Additionally, it focuses on classifying variants of turkey reoviruses by leveraging various machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and deep learning algorithms, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The experiments use real turkey reovirus sequence data, allowing for robust analysis and evaluation of the proposed methods. The results indicate that machine learning methods achieve an average accuracy of 92%, F1-Macro of 93% and F1-Weighted of 92% scores in classifying reovirus types. In contrast, the CNN model demonstrates an average accuracy of 85%, F1-Macro of 71% and F1-Weighted of 84% scores in the same classification task. The superior performance of the machine learning classifiers provides valuable insights into reovirus evolution and mutation, aiding in detecting emerging variants of pathogenic TARVs and THRVs.
The volumetric ADC histogram analysis in differentiating stage IA endometrial carcinoma from endometrial polyp
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , You Cong , Zhou Xin , Li Xiaotian , Zhang Cheng , Wu Yanhong , Shen Wen
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram based on whole lesion volume in distinguishing stage IA endometrial carcinoma from the endometrial polyp.

Methods

MRI of 108 patients with endometrial lesions confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analysed, including 65 cases of stage IA endometrial carcinoma and 43 cases of endometrial polyp. The volumetric ADC histogram metrics and general imaging features were evaluated and measured simultaneously. All the features were compared between the 2 groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results

The mean, max, min, and percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th) ADC values of endometrial carcinoma were significantly lower than that of polyp (all P < .05). The skewness and kurtosis of ADC values in the endometrial carcinoma group were significantly higher than those in the endometrial polyp group, and the variance of ADC values in the endometrial carcinoma group was lower than those in the endometrial polyp group (all P < .05). Endometrial carcinoma demonstrated more obvious myometrial invasion combined with intralesion haemorrhage than polyp (all P < .05). The 25th percentile of ADC values achieved the largest areas under the curve (0.861) among all the ADC histogram metrics and general imaging features, and the sensitivity and specificity were 83.08% and 76.74%, with the cut-off value of 1.01 × 10−3 mm2/s.

Conclusion

The volumetric ADC histogram analysis was an effective method in differentiating endometrial carcinoma from an endometrial polyp. The 25th percentile of ADC values has satisfactory performance for detecting malignancy in the endometrium.

Advances in knowledge

The ADC histogram metric based on whole lesion is a promising imaging-maker in differentiating endometrial benign and malignant lesions.
Phase transitions and degradation/oxidation mechanisms in lead-free CsSnI3 halide perovskites
Authors: Ivanova Alexandra , Golikova Margarita , Luchnikov Lev , Gostishchev Pavel , Shetinin Igor , Voronov Victor , Saranin Danila , Khovaylo Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Halide perovskites possess ultra-low thermal conductivity and show high potential for thermoelectric devices. The chemical properties and molecular structure of halide perovskite materials are not completely stable under ambient conditions, which hinders their use in thermoelectric generators. Changes in the properties of bulk halide perovskite thermoelectrics are accompanied by partial phase transitions and surface oxidation processes. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive study of the transport and structural properties of CsSnI3, which were pristine by vacuum melting followed by spark plasma sintering. The research results on the electrical transport of these materials revealed that exposure to an inert atmosphere does not deteriorate stability and the properties of the materials remain unchanged. However, prolonged exposure to air leads to a significant degradation of the electrical transport properties. Contrary to thin-film samples, the shift to the double perovskite structure from the perovskite one is limited to a specific surface layer. This change significantly influences the electrical transport of the material while maintaining the essential properties of both perovskite types.
Technological parameters of thin-film pulsed laser scribing for perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Ishteev Rustam , Gostishchev Pavel , Tiukhova Mariia , Sorokin Anton , Ishteev Arthur , Kondratenko Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Over the past decade, the power conversion efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells has shown a rapid increase to 26.1%. The significant efficiency growth and the relative simplification of the technology for obtaining thin-film solar cells due to liquid printing methods determine the high potential for the low-cost perovskite solar cells manufacturing. However, efficient use of cell geometry is comparable to the size of standard crystalline-Si wafers (156:156 mm and more). Therefore, modular geometry similar to amorphous-Si solar cell approaches is used to scale perovskite solar cells. Serial electrical connection of thin-film cells requires precise processing of the conductive layers that form the device p-i-n structure. The subject of research is the development of a full pulsed laser scribing cycle for inverted perovskite solar cells. In this work, we propose a study of a laser-patterning technology In2O3:SnO2 (ITO) conductive layer and a photoactive perovskite layer Cs0,2(CH(NH2)2)0,8PbI3. Process regimes of transparent conducting electrodes based on ITO and halide perovskite layer Cs0,2(CH(NH2)2)0,8PbI3 laser patterning were obtained. The optimal parameters for the multipass mode processing of ITO and perovskite layer were determined. The cell was electrically isolated at a scribe line width of 30 μm.
Papular acantholytic dermatosis: a rare cause of genital rash
Authors: Kapranou Roxani , Sofopoulos Michail , Dimitrakopoulou Amerini , Kotsafti Ourania , Giannoukos Anastasios , Nicolaidou Electra
Published: April 2024

A 52-year-old woman presented to our hospital’s STD unit with multiple asymptomatic skin-coloured papules along both inguinal folds. The patient noted the onset of these lesions approximately 2 months before her presentation. A punch biopsy was performed, which revealed hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis in the epidermis along with acantholytic and dyskeratotic foci, leading to the diagnosis of papular acantholytic dermatosis. Our patient showed a remarkable response after topical corticosteroid use followed by topical calcineurin inhibitor use.