bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phương pháp song song khai phá tập lợi ích cao dựa trên chỉ số hình chiếu
Authors: Phong Đậu Hải
Published: October 2019

High utility itemsets (HUIs) mining is one of popular problems in data mining. Several parallel and sequential algorithms have been proposed in the literature to solve this problem. All the parallel algorithms to try reduce synchronization cost and caculation global profit of itemsets. In this paper, we present a parallel method for mining HUIs from projection-based indexing to speed up performance and reduce memory requirements. The experimental results show that the performance and number candidate of our algorithm is better than some non parallel algorithms.
Một phương pháp mới nâng cao độ tương phản ảnh màu theo hướng tiếp cận trực tiếp
Authors: Quyền Nguyễn Văn , Ân Nguyễn Tân , Sơn Trần Thái , Huy Ngô Hoàng , An Đặng Duy
Published: October 2019

Image contrast enhancement techniques have two mainly methods: indirect method and direct method. While indirect methods only modify the histogram without defining any specific contrast measure, the direct methods establish a criterion of contrast measurement and enhance the image by improving the contrast measure. Among many direct methods, only the studies by Cheng and Xu modified the contrast at each point of grayscale image using a contrast measure [6, 7]. In this paper we propose a new method for enhancing the contrast of color images based on the direct method. The experimental results demonstrate that the combination of our proposed method with Fuzzy C_Mean (FCM) clustering algorithms performs well on different color images.
Table of Contents
Authors: Trung Nguyễn Linh
Published: October 2019

TOC
Editorial
Authors: Silvano Debald Blasius
Published: October 2019

Editorial
Práticas Educativas Ambientais Formais Sob o Olhar da Ecopedagogia
Authors: Aparecida Ribeiro Nepomoceno Taiane , Corrêa Lindino Terezinha
Published: October 2019

A Educação Ambiental tem sido debatida em diversos âmbitos, inclusive nosistema escolar. Nota-se que sua concretização depende da transformação das práticas,as quais geralmente são realizadas de forma pontual, sem sentido para quem opratica. Dentro dessa conjuntura, a Ecopedagogia vem emergindo e pretende despertaro olhar das pessoas para a convivência harmônica entre todos os integrantes da comunidadeplanetária, sendo que esses saberes podem ser alcançados pela cidadaniaplanetária. Ela amplifica a Educação Ambiental proporcionando-lhe meios para pensaras práticas ambientais de outras maneiras, sinalizando caminhos para sua efetivação.Desta forma, esta pesquisa procurou compreender quais são as propostas curricularesapresentadas pela Ecopedagogia e em que ela se diferencia da proposta deEducação Ambiental, no que tange às práticas educativas ambientais desenvolvidasnas escolas de Educação Básica, no município de Toledo-PR. Ela utiliza-se da técnicade pesquisa documental. Notou-se que grande parte dessas ações ambientais não estásendo realizadas de forma transversal e interdisciplinar, conforme previsto pela legislação.As duas instituições participantes apresentam evolução no processo de superaçãodas práticas tradicionais; mas, sugere-se a adoção da filosofia da Ecopedagogiaque representa uma proposta que pode mudar a forma de viver, aprender, transformare aprimorar as ações ambientais desenvolvidas.
Percepcija ukrasnog bilja studenata agronomije u Rekreacijski sportskom centru Jarun u Zagrebu
Authors: Caput Jogunica Romana , Martinis Lukrecija
Published: October 2019

U Hrvatskoj nedostaje istraživanja o učincima javnih parkova na kvalitetu života stanovnika te o doživljajima ukrasnog bilja u parkovima i sve više posjećenim sportsko rekreacijskim centrima. Glavni cilj ovog rada je analiza percepcije ukrasnog bilja studenata Agronomskog fakulteta tijekom sudjelovanja u aerobnim kondicijskim programima koji se provode u Rekreacijskom sportskom centru na Jarunu. Ostali ciljevi istraživanja usmjereni su na analizu mišljenja studenata kao korisnika prostora o percepciji ukrasnog bilja i o potrebi izrade orijentacijskih karata s ucrtanim ukrasnim biljkama uz biciklističku i rolersku stazu na Jarunu. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anonimnog upitnika dizajniranog za potrebe ovog eksperimentalnog rada. Analizom odgovora utvrđeno je da većina studenata daje prednost programima tjelesnog vježbanja u prirodi. Studenti predlažu da se posade voćne vrste, magnolija, lipa, te da se uredi grmlje duž sportskih staza. Praktični rezultat ovog rada su orijentacijske karte Rekreacijskog sportskog centra Jarun s ucrtanim drvenastim biljkama koje se nalaze uz biciklističku i rolersku stazu, a koje se mogu višestruko koristiti za potrebe nastave na Agronomskom fakultetu. Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrdili su potrebu provedbe većeg broja istraživanja o utjecaju ukrasnog bilja u rekreacijskim parkovima na kvalitetu života posjetitelja i potrebu nastavka istraživanja vezano uz primjenu orijentacijskih mapa u praktičnom dijelu nastave.
The Performances of Multiple Scoring Systems to Predict Patients Required Immediate Life-Saving Intervention in Emergency Department
Authors: Tangkulpanich Panvilai , Uppariputtanggoon Noraset , Aramvanitch Kasamon
Published: October 2019

Background: Crowding in emergency room is the major problem especially in the resuscitation room. Many patients require immediate life-saving interventions (LSI). Whereas, many different scoring systems such as national early warning score (NEWS), worthing physiological scoring system (WPS), modified early warning score (MEWS), and rapid emergency medicine score (REMS) have been developed for assessing patients at risk.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 4 scoring systems performance in predicting LSI use in emergency room and reenter to the resuscitation room within 48 hours.

Methods: Data were collected by a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients treated in the resuscitation room for 2 months period, at Ramathibodi Hospital. The number of patients who received LSI and reentry to resuscitation room were studied, compared by selected scoring systems.

Results: Total 839 patients entered resuscitation room, while 331 (39.45%) patients received LSI. The first three groups at risk were metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal systems, and infections, respectively. The most effective scoring system in predicting patients required LSI was MEWS, the discrimination of this system was significantly better than NEWS (AUC, 0.69 vs 0.65; 95% CI, 0.65 - 0.72; P = .01). Eighty-six patients (13.89%) from 619 patients reentered to the resuscitation room. Moreover, NEWS was the most effective in predicting patients who had a risk of reenter (AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66 - 0.78; P < .001).

Conclusions: MEWS is the most effective scoring system for patient assessment of LSI utilization. However, NEWS is the one suitable for predicting reenter tendency.
Tobacco Use and Domestic Violence in Thailand: Matching Case-Control Study
Authors: Ha-upala Araya , Chotivitayataragorn Somporn , Kongsakon Ronnachai
Published: October 2019

Background: Tobacco dependence is not only a major health risk which can be prevented, but also is a starting point to use other substances and domestic violence.

Objective: To study the association between tobacco use and domestic violence in Thai families.

Methods: The study was designed as a matched case-control study in women aged 15 years and over, living in households across the country, both in urban and rural areas, in 9 provinces of Thailand. The total of 600 participants were included in this study which half of them are from domestic abused families while the other half are from nonabused families. The criteria of age, education, economic status, housing area and region were determined. Differences between groups were performed using chi-square test and t test.

Results: Domestic violence families (55.7%) used tobacco as compared to 42% of families without violence who hadn’t used tobacco. The tobacco used families were significantly having more domestic violence 1.63 times (95% CI 1.17 - 2.29) than non-tobacco used families.

Conclusions: This study showed that tobacco used in the families were more likely to have domestic violence than non-used families. This could raise awareness on tobacco used to create campaigns to reduce the rate of tobacco used which causes domestic violence.
The Urgency of the Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah in Reasoning Islamic Law
Authors: Alimuddin
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to present several theories about how important to understand maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah when someone wants to study a law in Islam, someone cannot be separated from that context. Maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah is a barometer or the main standard of consideration in the formulation of shari'ah with the aim of benefit the Ummah, and Islam consistently makes  maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah in all its rules. The thinking of Ibn ‘Āsyūr about maqāṣid is built on this principle, that it’s imperative to accept the concept of ta‘līl. The theory of maqāṣid rests on three basic concepts; (a). Maqāṣids are sometimes qath‘ī and ḍannī (assumptive). (b). Maqāṣid ‘āmmah and khaṣṣhah (c). Al-maqām, al-istiqrā ’and distinguish between waṣilah and purpose in the application of fiqh law. Every phenomenon that has great potential for maslahah it can be stated to be included in the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. On the other hand the human need is not to know the maqāṣid al-syāri‘ itself, but to find a law for a new case that has no prescribed text. Ontology of maqāṣid al-syarī'at al-khāssah is also a value, because knowing the law for that case is complete with the text, now the needed for a new case, so the ontology of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah in this dimension is a transcendent value to refer when conducting tahqīqal-manāt.
Minimum Marriage Age: Study of Fiqh of Four Madhabs
Authors: Maisarah  , Afrizal  , Zulfahmi  , Mauliza Fizal , Murni Faisal
Published: October 2019

Fiqh of four madhab (Hanafi,  Maliki, Shafi'i and Hambali) permit the marriage of minors, so that parents tend to marry their children at an underage. This ppinion is criticized in modern times who want a minimum age of marriage. The question arises how the interpretation of the four madhab (Islamic jurisprudence) of thought is used and are there other arguments that can be used in reinterpreting the existence of a minimum age of marriage. This study uses some methods, firstly, to examine the verses and hadith to find out whether there are cues about the minimum age of marriage or not. Secondly, to reinterpret using the ta‘liliyyah method and the termiyyah of the arguments used by the religious and contemporary scholars. The result shows that the madhab declares Surah al-Thalaq as the proposition regarding the ability of marriages of young children. According to the author, the logic is incorrect because there is no need to iddah for virgin women contained in Surah al-Ahzhab verse 49; The religious scholars also use it as the proposition of the Prophet's marriage hadith. with ‘Aisha r.a when she was a child, even though this incident occurred in Mecca before the Muslim period and before the hadith about the guardian's obligation to ask permission for a girl or widow. This study also finds other verses that can be used as arguments in limiting the age of marriage, namely Surat al-Nisa 'verses 5-6 and 9, the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud and maslahah to be achieved from a marriage, which explicitly states that both adult and maturity both physically and mentally as a condition of marriage.
Effects of intralesional platelet-rich plasma in the patients with lateral epicondylitis of elbow
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Shakoor M. A. , Mahjabin Afsana , Emran Md. Ali
Published: October 2019

Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is a major cause of musculoskeletal pain involving common extensor origin of the forearm. This study was done to determine the effects of platelet-rich plasma on 15 patients with lateral epicondylitis. Selected patients were given intralesional platelet-rich plasma injection, activity of daily living instructions and paracetamol. Patients were assessed every 14 days interval by visual analogue scale, and the patient rated tennis elbow evaluation. Treatment response according to visual analogue scale and patient rated tennis elbow evaluation tool, the difference of improvement was found in respect to time, from pretreatment W1 (just before 1st Intervention) score to W11 score in every alternate week (p<0.005). This indicates that intralesional platelet-rich plasma is effective in the patients with lateral epicondylitis of elbow.
Sciatic Nerve Block in Single Nerve Block Technique for Unilateral Foot Surgery - an Alternative to Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Haque Mozibul , Hussain Muhammad Delwar , Faruquee Md Zulfiker Ali , Alam Md Rabiul , Islam Md Zahedul
Published: October 2019

Background: In lower extremity surgeries, central neuraxial block or peripheral regional anesthesia technique can be used, mainly in elderly patients. This study investigates the efficiency of spinal anesthesia and sciatic nerve block techniques in lower extremity surgery. Spinal anesthesia may impair hemodynamic stability; peripheral nerve blocks targeting the sciatic nerve may be a useful alternative.

Objective: To compare Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia versus Popliteal Block in patients undergoing elective foot surgery to determine the method of better outcome.

Patients and Methods: This randomized comparative study was carried out on fifty co-operative patients of both sexes who were scheduled for elective foot surgeries. According to the used method of regional anesthesia, patients were divided into: (S) group unilateral intrathecal block with low-dose (7.5mg) of hyperbaric bupivacaine plus intrathecal fentanyl (25 mcg) and (P) group in which the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa was blocked via posterior approach by injecting 20ml 0.5% bupivacaine (100mg). The difficulty of the block performance, level of patient discomfort, block performance time, onset of sensory and motor blocks, time in hours to the first request for supplemental systemic analgesia postoperatively, its total consumption for 24 hours postoperatively and associated side effects were recorded in each group.

Results: Statistically, it was found no significant differences between the demographic characteristics as well as the duration of surgery between the groups. The groups did differ significantly in the difficulty of the block performance. However, a longer duration for performing the block was observed in the P group. The level of patient discomfort was significantly lesser in the P group. The onset of complete sensory block was significantly longer in the P group. Hemodynamic profiles of our patients were found to be remarkably stable throughout the intraoperative period. In the P group, the time to first pain medication was significant longer. Moreover, the total dosage of analgesics during the first 24 hours postoperatively in group P was highly significant lesser compared to the other groups.

Conclusion: Sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa is an ideal alternative where it is preferable to avoid spinal anesthesia for foot surgeries in haemodynamicaly unstable patients.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 181-185
Role of Routine Histopathology of Gallbladder Specimen from Gallstone Disease to Detect Unsuspected Carcinoma
Authors: Islam Md Jahidul , Akter Shaheen , Talukder Abdur Rabban , Haque Md Shariful
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Carcinoma of the gallbladder is a malignancy with very high mortality rate. Unfortunately, our common practice to discard gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy in unsuspected malignancy. This results in missing some premalignant conditions and early carcinomas. This study was conducted to find out the incidence of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma from cholecystectomy patients in routine histopathology of specimens and analyze their clinico-pathological features.

Methods: This was a two years cross sectional study included 542 patients with acute or chronic cholecystitis secondary to cholelithiasis operated by cholecystectomy. All cases of carcinoma gallbladder, on clinical grounds or confirmed by radiology were excluded. Gallbladders showing gross abnormalities suggestive of localized or infiltrative malignancy during surgery were also excluded. All gallbladder specimens were send for histopathology examination.

Results: Over a period of two years, five hundred and fortytwo patients with symptomatic gallstones were admitted for Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 37, No. 4, October 2019 cholecystectomy. The male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of the patients (26.49%) were found in fourth decade of life. Majority of patients (93.54%) presented with upper abdominal pain of varying duration. All the specimens were sent for histopathology. Four hundred sixty cases (84.87%) showed chronic cholecystitis (including intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia). Seventy of the cases (12.92%) showed evidence of acute cholecystitis (including empyema and mucocele). Twelve gallbladders (2.21%) showed evidence of adenocarcinoma of varying differentiation along with cholelithiasis.

Conclusion: Incidental diagnosis of carcinoma gallbladder is not rare. We strongly recommend to submit all cholecystectomy specimens routinely to histopathology laboratory, as this is the only means by which subclinical malignancies can be detected at an early stage.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 186-190
Clinical Practice Guidance for Management of Anti HBc Positive Patients
Authors: Alam Shahinul , Islam Saiful , Khan Asma Helen , Alam Mahabubul , Azam Golam , Mustafa Golam , Hossain Motahar , Khan Mobin
Published: October 2019

Hepatitis B core antibody (Anti HBc) is currently considered the most sensitive serological marker for a patient’s history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection given its long-term persistence in the bloodstream. The serological pattern of isolated Anti HBc (IAHBc) has been of clinical interest over the past several years.,Thegrowing data of IAHBcsuggestingit as a marker for occult HBV infection (OBI). Occult HBV infection defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HBsAg negative individuals with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. OBI is especially concerned in blood transfusion (BT), organ donation and reactivation of HBV infection following immunosuppressive therapy. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors. The important clinical implications of IAHBcis in the setting of co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), reactivation risk of HBV during directly acting anti viral (DAA) therapy in HCV infection which may lead to progression of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antiviral prophylaxis has been recommended in moderate to high risk of reactivation prior to immunosuppressive and biologics. The main goal of therapy is to improve survival and quality of life by preventing disease progression and to prevent consequent development of HCC. It is proposed to perform Anti-HBc test as a screening test prior to blood transfusion, HBVvaccination, DAA and immunosuppressive therapy in addition to HBsAg screening test.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 196-201
A Case of Granulosa Cell Tumour with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Kabir Shanjida , Mojumder Afroza , Sharmin Shahanaj
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Granulosa cell tumour is one of the rare variations of ovarian tumour. As the Granulosa cells secrets Estradiol, the patient with granulosa cell tumour usually present with features of precautious puberty. But our patient present with androgenic features, which inspires us to report this atypical case. Materials and methods: This young patient admitted in BBMH, as a diagnosed case of ovarian tumour with features of virilisation. Evaluation of patient with history taking, clinical examination and investigations are done, and information is noted accordingly. Conclusion: Features of virilisation are a nightmare for a lady of 16 years old. So during management of this patient proper counselling is very crucial and during surgery ovarian reserve should be maintained as far as possible considering her future quality of life and obstetric outcome.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 202-204
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN UNJUK KERJA PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR MOTOR KONVENSIONAL DENGAN MOTOR LISTRIK ULC PLN AREA CENGKARENG
Authors: Jurnal Redaksi Tim
Published: October 2019

The depletion of petroleum reserves makes people always try to find alternative energy to meet their daily needs. Especially for fuel oil in vehicles whose price is increasing, making scientists to look for alternative energy as a vehicle. Electric motors are one of the alternatives currently being promoted to replace oil-fueled vehicles. There are many types and models of electric motors in the community. The research that will be done is to test the performance of electric motorcycle used by PLN Cengkareng Area for the activities of Quick Service Unit (ULC = Unit Layanan Cepat) and compared with conventional motorcycle fueled by premium oil
PENGARUH KADAR AIR TERHADAP TEGANGAN TEMBUS MINYAK TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI
Authors: Widyastuti Christine , Darmana Tasdik , Handayani Oktaria
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Transformer oil is one of the liquid insulating materials that functions as insulation and cooling in the transformer. Some oil insulation materials must have the ability to withstand penetrating stresses, while as a transformer oil cooler must be able to reduce the heat generated, so that with these two capabilities transformer oil is expected to be able to protect the transformer from interference. Examination of breakdown stress using the IEC 60156-1995 method. For evaluation of oil on the power transformer determines the water content. The feasibility of transformer oil uses breakdown voltage and water content testing as a result of feasibility simulations based on international standards to improve reliability in the treatment of power transformers in the industrial world especially for community service. With greater breakdown voltage, it proves that the oil is still suitable for use. Whereas if the oil water content is higher, it proves that the oil is not suitable for use. Transformer oil, according to the PLN (SPLN) test standards 49-1 / 1992, must have a 30kV / 2.5mm breakdown voltage. In the study of sample A and sample B it has a breakdown voltage of 14kVA and 18kVA. With this, sample A and sample B are not suitable for use.

 

Keywords: moisture content, transformer oil, breakdown voltage, SPLN 49-1 / 1992

 

ABSTRAK

Minyak transformator merupakan salah satu bahan isolasi cair yang berfungsi sebagai isolasi dan pendingin pada transformator. Sebagian bahan isolasi minyak harus memiliki kemampuan untuk menahan tegangan tembus, sedangkan sebagai pendingin minyak transformator harus mampu meredam panas yang ditimbulkan, sehingga dengan kedua kemampuan ini maka minyak transformator diharapkan mampu melindungi transformator dari gangguan. Pengujian tegangan tembus menggunakan metode IEC 60156-1995. Untuk evaluasi minyak pada transformator daya menentukan kadar air. Kelayakan minyak transformator menggunakan pengujian tegangan tembus dan kadar air sebagai  hasil simulasi kelayakan berdasarkan standar internasional untuk meningkatkan kehandalan dalam perawatan transformator daya dalam dunia industri khususnya terhadap pelayanan masyarakat. Dengan tegangan tembus yang semakin besar membuktikan minyak tersebut masih layak pakai. Sedangkan apabila kadar air minyak tersebut semakin tinggi membuktikan minyak tersebut sudah tidak layak pakai. Minyak transformator,  sesuai standar uji PLN (SPLN) 49-1/1992 harus memiliki tegangan tembus 30kV/2,5mm. Dalam penelitian dari sampel A dan sampel B memiliki tegangan tembus sebesar 14kVA dan 18kVA. Dengan ini, sampel A dan sampel B tidak layak pakai.

 

Kata kunci: kadar air, minyak trafo, tegangan tembus, SPLN 49-1/1992
Kajian Ketelitian Current Transformer (CT) Terhadap Kesalahan Rasio Arus pada Pelanggan 197 kVA
Authors: Hasanah Aas Wasri , Koerniawan Tony , Yuliansyah Yuliansyah
Published: October 2019

With the growth of electricity consumption getting bigger, the possibility of greater losses arises from measuring energy in customers. One cause of the losses due to mistakes in flow ratio CT (Current Transformer) installed on APP Box indirect measurement. Necessary to test the CT accuracy class to determine the current ratio error limits set by the standard PLN. Then do the replacement on the CT accuracy class to resolve this issue. This activity is done at the customer PT. Astra Int Auto 2000 by replacing the CT accuracy class of 0.5 becomes 0,5S. There is a comparison of the measurement between the two different classes. Based on the results of tests performed, a decline in the current ratio error before and after the replacement of accuracy class. After calculating the error margin of the second flow ratio CT installed that are not measured by the energy meter. This Value kWh that is the losses to PT. PLN (Persero) Area Depok. So understanding CT as one of the tools of measurement (instrumentation) should be changed to a point of transaction (point of transaction). So that the revenue gains kWh a business orientation that is fundamental to PLN by pressing slightly possible energy losses (losses) that occur in the measurement system.
Legislative Interventions into the Creation of Local Political Elites as an Instrument of Anti-Jewish Policy during the Holocaust (A Comparative View)
Authors: Tokárová Zuzana
Published: October 2019

The extension of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in the first half of the twentieth century, which hit most European states, required political interferences within the highest legislative and executive authorities of states as well as in local administrations and bodies of self-government. Legislative interventions resulted in the formation of new local political elites whose representatives, mostly recruited by the criterion of political reliability, held the defining positions and played the significant role in implementing anti-Jewish policy during the Holocaust era. The main aim of this contribution is the analysis of the mechanisms of legislative interventions into the creation of new local political elites in selected examples of Nazi-occupied countries (General Government, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia) and allied regimes (Slovak State and Hungary).
Biopharmaceutical aspects of techno­logy of wound­healing gels containing silver(I) complex with 2-­(4,6-­di-­tert-­butyl-­2,3-­dihydroxyphenylsulphanyl)acetic acid
Authors: Harbatsevich Hleb I. , Stakhevich Sergei I. , Loginova Natalia V. , Ksendzova Galina A. , Osipovich Nikolai P. , Slabko Irina N. , Butkevich Vasily V. , Makarevich Zhanna A. , But’ko Lyudmila V.
Published: October 2019

The object of the work is to develop optimal composition of a gel with wound­healing ability based on Ag(I) complex with 2­(4,6­di­tert­butyl­2,3­dihydroxyphenylsulphanyl)acetic acid to produce a novel effective remedy. It was found that propylene glycol (PG) favours the formation of more fine suspension of Ag(I) complex, and introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hinders aggregation of the particles of the complex, thus providing optimal dispersity of the gel suspension. The gels based on methyl cellulose (MC) are characterized by an acceptable degree of release of Ag(I) complex. It is the gels containing PG and PVP that are characterized by the most complete release of the active substance, which is in agreement with the data on the optimal dispersity. It was found that PG and PVP being introduced into the gel composition increase the osmotic activity of the gel considerably. The optimal composition of the ointment base was determined, %: MC – 3.5; PVP – 5.0; 0.1 mol/L citric acid solution – 5.0; PG – 20.0; water for injections – up to 100.0. The gel obtained was shown to surpass «Dermazin» cream and «Levomecol» ointment in wound­healing ability, while the content of the active substance was significantly lower (0.5 %), and to promote wounds to be cleansed of microorganisms fast and completely too. No accumulation of silver in the liver was found when the gel was used medicinally.
Synthesis of functionalized polyisobutylene and its block copolymers with D,L-lactide
Authors: Nikishau Pavel A. , Ksendzov Evgenii A. , Shiman Dmitriy I. , Gaponik Ludmila V. , Kostjuk Sergei V.
Published: October 2019

Method of reactive polyisobutylene modification by various alkoxybenzenes (anisole and 4-phenoxybutanol) was proposed to form functionalized polyisobutylenes. Polymerization of D,L-lactide was explored on the 4-phenoxybutanol/1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene system. It led to determination of optimal conditions for gaining of poly(isobutylene-b-D,L-lactide). Such copolymers (Mn = 14 300 g/mol and Mn = 36 600 g/mol, Mw /  Mn ≤ 2.5) which were obtained by the polymerization of D,L-lactide on polyisobutylene macroinitiator shows microphase ordering. Formation of the block copolymers is confirmed by 1Н NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy.
Compo­sition, structure and properties of electroless deposited nickel – phosphorus – copper coatings
Authors: Tsybul’skaya Ludmila S. , Perevoznikov Sergey S. , Shendyukov Vladislav S.
Published: October 2019

The nickel – phosphorus – copper functional coating was deposited on aluminum alloys substrate by chemical deposition method from malonate­glycinate nickel plating solution. The chemical and phase coatings composition was studied by X­ray fluorescence and X­ray phase analyze. Thermally stimulated phase transitions in deposited Ni – P – Cu coating were detected by differential scanning calorimetry method. The annealing at 250 and 400 °С was shown to lead to the changes in coating structure involving the transition from amorphous to amorphous­crystalline at 250 °С and to crystalline at 400 °С with Ni and Ni3P1 –  δ phases forming. Changes in the structure of Ni–P coating results in the increase of microhardness by 1.6–1.7 times and wear resistance by 3– 4 times. Annealing at 400 °С led to decreasing of corrosion stability of the coatings in 3.5 % sodium chloride solution. The optimum physical, mechanical and protective properties has the attained in the case of Ni – P – Cu coating annealed at 250 °C.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and factors associated with screening uptake in Kanjongo, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda
Authors: Ndabarora Eléazar , Ngirinshuti Védaste , Twahirwa Jean Claude , Mukamusoni Dariya , Munyandamutsa Fulgence , Rurabiyaka Joseph
Published: October 2019

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa was 13.7% in 2016 (Werfalli, Engel, Musekiwa, Kengne, & Levitt, 2016), which is higher than 8.7%, the global diabetes prevalence in 2015 (WHO, 2016). Fewer studies explored the factors associated with diabetes early detection for its prevention and control (WHO, 2016). Study objectives were: (1) to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the population attending the monthly community work in a selected sector, and (2) to identify the factors associated with diabetes screening and early detection. All 383 respondents who were attending the community monthly work were invited to be screened for diabetes and to be surveyed using an interview-guide questionnaire. Out of 383 respondents, 60.3% were female and 39.7% were male. The prevalence of diabetes was 8.6%, and only 27.9% have been tested before. The majority (95.3%) perceived regular testing beneficial, 62.4% perceived themselves susceptible to get diabetes, and 94.8% perceived diabetes as a serious disease. The sources of information were radio and television (89.6%), health care staff (79.4%), mass campaigns (73.1%), Community Health Workers (CHWs) (67.1%), and the neighbors (57.7%). Reported barriers to screening were lack of information (87.5%), delay of health insurance (79.1%), lack of readiness of the health care staff (75.7%), perceived quality of health care (52.2%) and the perceived cost (46.5%). The factors associated with the screening were the age (p=0.01), occupation (p<0.000), the perceived susceptibility (p˂ 0.000), the perceived threat (p=0.005), community sensitization by CHWs (p=0.003), mass campaign (p=0.001), and neighbors (p=0.009). Diabetes prevalence was lower than the Sub-Saharan prevalence estimates. Community sensitization through CHWs, mass campaigns and neighbors, information provision, disease perception, age, occupation, and quality of health care were the predictors of diabetes screening. Decentralized community sensitization and screening programs are highly recommended.
Analysis of syntactic errors made by intermediate English learners and the impact of their treatment on the learning progress
Authors: Ndeze Jean Claude
Published: October 2019

This study is an extension of previous researches on fundamental syntactic errors which intermediate English learners make in their English writing. It aims at investigating sources of syntactic errors and how they affect the language learning progress.  82 secondary school students were subjected to two free written 350-word essay tests to back up possible sentence structure errors they make.  The questionnaire was also administered to elicit opinions as to what are the error causes and reactions to error treatment strategy. 3647 syntactic errors were pinpointed and classified under four categories: selection, omission, addition and ordering errors. The findings reveals that selection errors outrank the forefront occurring frequently more than other errors (51.93%). Omission errors positionon on the second  (26.92%).  The next error category visible in learners’ English writing is  addition errors  cover 13.40% out of 3647 errors computed. The last category is misodrering errors (7.73%).  The most predominant errors in all language areas are wrong verb form, wrong choice of verb tense, tense marker omission or unnecessary tense marker addition as well as subject-verb agreement errors. It appears that tenses and verbs are the major problematic areas. Yet not all syntactic errors are the same for all English learners. The major sources of the above errors include rules over-generalizations, language transfer, poor motivation and practices, inherent natural complexity of the language, problem of language input and most importantly error treatment among others. The implications for language teachers are obvious. There is need for a change, for instance, in the techniques with which learners should be exposed to language input, predictable order of materials in Language teaching and new approaches to error treatment
Factors associated with Breast Cancer Screening among Women in the United States
Authors: Shakib Shaminul Hoque , Inungu Joseph , Jahanfar Shayesteh
Published: October 2019

Background: Cancer is a major public health concern around the globe. It is the second leading cause of mortality in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer incidence rates for 2011-2015 was 124.7 per 100,000, placing breast cancer incidence rates at the top of the list. Breast cancer mortality rates for 2012-2016 was 20.9 people per 100,000, placing breast cancer mortality rates after Lung and bronchus cancer. Healthy People 2020 states that breast cancer is highly detectable in early stages through breast screening using mammography. Despite an increased in screening and a 10% improvement in breast cancer death rates, breast cancer remains the focus of public health prevention in the US.

Objective: To identified factors which are associated with breast cancer screening: mammography among women in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed logistic regression models using data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to evaluate factors which are associated with mammography screening among women in the United States.

Results: The most important result from the study was the association between health insurance and access to mammography screening. Women without health insurance are less likely to access mammography screening compared to women with health insurance. African American woman had slightly higher rate of recent mammogram compared to non-Hispanic White women. Women aged 51-64 reported more recent mammogram compared to women aged 40-50. Women from southern region of United States reported less recent mammogram compared to rest of the United States. Non-smokers were more likely to access mammography screening compared to smokers. Women with education attainment of bachelor's degree or higher were more likely to access mammography screening compared to women with high-school degree or less.

Conclusion: The study indicated the importance of health insurance and education attainment for the access to mammography screening. The results urge researchers and public health officials to promote health education at secondary educational institutions such as high school because it can increase women's understanding of health messages which may result in positive health behavior. The study highlights the importance of health insurance for ensuring positive healthy behaviors such as screening.
A Comparison of Optimal SONAR Array Amplitude Shading Coefficients
Authors: Cray Benjamin , Kirsteins Ivars
Published: October 2019

This paper compares two different approaches to deriving shading coefficients (weights) for optimal first order and second order directional sensors (that is; sonobuoys, vectors and dyadic sensors). The first approach is an analytical or a physics-based derivation, involving computations with gradients and linearized momentum; the second is an adaptive minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) derivation, which finds weights that minimize the cross spectral density (CSD) matrix. The two approaches are shown to be equivalent. In other words, the adaptive MVDR processing procedure does indeed converge to a physics-based solution, without any pre-existing physical knowledge of the behavior of the acoustic field. This suggests that adaptive algorithms innately seek physics-based solutions when these solutions are optimum. The intent of this short communication is not to advocate for one type of adaptive processing method over another. The observation that is presented here is important though, it confirms that at least in an idealized noise field, adaptive processing converges on an optimal set of shading coefficients, similarly derived based on well-established physical acoustics.
Prospects of Bioenergy Cropping Systems for A More Social-Ecologically Sound Bioeconomy
Authors: Von Cossel Moritz , Wagner Moritz , Lask Jan , Magenau Elena , Bauerle Andrea , Von Cossel Viktoria , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Elbersen Berien , Staritsky Igor , Van Eupen Michiel , Iqbal Yasir , Jablonowski Nicolai David , Happe Stefan , Fernando Ana Luisa , Scordia Danilo , Cosentino Salvatore Luciano , Wulfmeyer Volker , Lewandowski Iris , Winkler Bastian
Published: October 2019

The growing bioeconomy will require a greater supply of biomass in the future for both bioenergy and bio-based products. Today, many bioenergy cropping systems (BCS) are suboptimal due to either social-ecological threats or technical limitations. In addition, the competition for land between bioenergy-crop cultivation, food-crop cultivation, and biodiversity conservation is expected to increase as a result of both continuous world population growth and expected severe climate change effects. This study investigates how BCS can become more social-ecologically sustainable in future. It brings together expert opinions from the fields of agronomy, economics, meteorology, and geography. Potential solutions to the following five main requirements for a more holistically sustainable supply of biomass are summarized: (i) bioenergy-crop cultivation should provide a beneficial social-ecological contribution, such as an increase in both biodiversity and landscape aesthetics, (ii) bioenergy crops should be cultivated on marginal agricultural land so as not to compete with food-crop production, (iii) BCS need to be resilient in the face of projected severe climate change effects, (iv) BCS should foster rural development and support the vast number of small-scale family farmers, managing about 80% of agricultural land and natural resources globally, and (v) bioenergy-crop cultivation must be planned and implemented systematically, using holistic approaches. Further research activities and policy incentives should not only consider the economic potential of bioenergy-crop cultivation, but also aspects of biodiversity, soil fertility, and climate change adaptation specific to site conditions and the given social context. This will help to adapt existing agricultural systems in a changing world and foster the development of a more social-ecologically sustainable bioeconomy.
Potential of Cultivating Dry Season Maize along a Hydrological Gradient of an Inland Valley in Uganda
Authors: Alibu Simon , Neuhoff Daniel , Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Becker Mathias , Köpke Ulrich
Published: October 2019

Inland valley wetlands with higher soil moisture than surrounding uplands offer a yet unexplored opportunity for increasing maize production in East Africa. For three consecutive years, we conducted field experiments to assess the potential of an inland valley in Central Uganda for producing dry season maize. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments including farmer’s practice, unfertilized control, organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at high and low rates. These were repeated four times at each of the three hydrological positions of the inland valley (fringe, middle, and center). The maize grain yield of 3.4 t ha−1 (mean across treatments and years) exceeded the national yield average by 42%. High and sustained soil moisture in the center position of the inland valley was associated with the highest grain yields irrespective of the year. Due to soil moisture deficit in the fringe and middle hydrological positions, grain yields were not only lower but also highly variable. Intensive manuring with a combination of green and poultry manure produced high yields that were comparable to those with mineral fertilizers (both at 120 kg N ha−1). Lower amounts of either mineral or organic fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) provided no yield gain over the unfertilized control. Inland valley wetlands, thus, offer promise for farmers to harvest an additional maize crop during the dry season, thus contributing to farm income and regional food security.
Effect of Drought, Nitrogen Fertilization, Temperature and Photoperiodicity on Quinoa Plant Growth and Development in the Sahel
Authors: Alvar-Beltrán Jorge , Dao Abdalla , Dalla Marta Anna , Saturnin Coulibaly , Casini Paolo , Sanou Jacob , Orlandini Simone
Published: October 2019

Drought, heat stress, and unfavorable soil conditions are key abiotic factors affecting quinoa’s growth and development. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of progressive drought and N-fertilization reduction on short-cycle varieties of quinoa (c.v. Titicaca) for different sowing dates during the dry season (from October to December). A two-year experimentation (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) was carried out in Burkina Faso with four levels of irrigation (full irrigation—FI, progressive drought—PD, deficit irrigation—DI and extreme deficit irrigation—EDI) and four levels of N-fertilization (100, 50, 25, and 0 kg N ha−1). Plant phenology and development, just like crop outputs in the form of yield, biomass, and quality of the seeds were evaluated for different sowing dates having different temperature ranges and photoperiodicity. Crop water productivity (CWP) function was used for examining plant’s water use efficiency under drought stress conditions. Emerging findings have shown that CWP was highest under DI and PD (0.683 and 0.576 kg m−3, respectively), while highest yields were observed in 2017–2018 under PD and its interaction with 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 (1356 and 1110 kg ha−1, respectively). Mean temperatures close to 25 °C were suitable for optimal plant growth, while extreme temperatures at anthesis limited the production of grains. Small changes in photoperiodicity from different sowing dates were not critical for plant growth.
Defining and Evaluating a Decision Support System (DSS) for the Precise Pest Management of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata, at the Farm Level
Authors: Sciarretta Andrea , Tabilio Maria Rosaria , Amore Armando , Colacci Marco , Miranda Miguel Á. , Nestel David , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Trematerra Pasquale
Published: October 2019

A Decision Support System (DSS) was developed and evaluated to control the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedermann), by incorporating a semi-automatic pest monitoring and a precision targeting approach in multi-varietal orchards. The DSS consists of three algorithms. DSS1, based on the degree days calculation, defines when the traps should be deployed in the field initiating the medfly population monitoring. DSS2 defines the areas to be treated and the type of treatment based on the number of adult medfly captures, harvesting time, and phenological stage of the host cultivar. DSS3 defines the spraying procedure considering the technical registration properties of the selected insecticide (e.g., withholding period and efficacy duration time) and weather conditions. The DSS was tested in commercial orchard conditions near Rome, central Italy, with a randomized complete blocks experimental design, comparing DSS-assisted and conventional management. In the DSS-assisted plots, a semi-automatic adult medfly monitoring system was deployed, composed of real-time, wireless electronic traps. The output of the functioning DSS is a map of spraying recommendation, reporting the areas to be treated and the treatment type (bait or cover insecticide spraying). The farmer was left free to follow, or not, the DSS indications. The first medfly captures were observed on June 30, whereas the DD threshold was reached on July 3 when the DSS started to operate. The field test produced 29 DSS decisions from July 3 to September 1 and confirmed that medfly management using the DSS substantially reduced the number of pesticide applications, the treated area, and the volumes of pesticide utilization. No significant differences in infested fruit were observed between DSS-assisted and conventional management. The level of acceptance of the DSS by the farmer was 78%. This evidence confirmed the requirement of fully involving farmers and pest managers during the evaluation process of DSS.
Improved Charge Injection and Transport of Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Zhou Yuanming , Mei Sijiong , Sun Dongwei , Liu Neng , Mei Fei , Xu Jinxia , Cao Xianan
Published: October 2019

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to be the most promising energy-saving technology for future lighting and display. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, a class of materials comprised of monolayer or few layers of atoms (or unit cells), have attracted much attention in recent years, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the applications of 2D materials for improving the performance of LEDs, including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) and perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs), using organic films, quantum dots and perovskite films as emission layers (EMLs), respectively. Two dimensional materials, including graphene and its derivatives and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), can be employed as interlayers and dopant in composite functional layers for high-efficiency LEDs, suggesting the extensive application in LEDs. The functions of 2D materials used in LEDs include the improved work function, effective electron blocking, suppressed exciton quenching and reduced surface roughness. The potential application of 2D materials in PeLEDs is also presented and analyzed.