bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing of Wholly Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Chen Tianran
Published: December 2021

TLCP reinforced composite has been widely used in different application due to their lightweight, high strength and stiffness, chemical resistance and great recyclability. In this work, TLCP reinforced nylon composite has been developed for using in 3D printing process. TLCP reinforced nylon filaments were generated using dual extrusion, a process by which two single crew extruders are used to individually process two plastics at their optimal processing temperature and pump them directly into a T junction in which a reinforcement material is dispersed throughout a matrix material via a static mixer, then extruded out of a nozzle and cooled in a water bath. Different pumping speeds were controlled via individual gear pumps connected to each extruder. Pump speeds were adjusted to produce 20 wt% TLCP/nylon composite. The filament was then collected and prepared for use in 3D printing.
Dehumanization and mass violence: A study of mental state language in Nazi propaganda (1927-1945)
Authors: Landry Alexander , Mere Kayla , Orr Ram Isaac
Published: December 2021

Dehumanization is frequently cited as a precursor to mass violence, but quantitative support for this notion is scarce. The present work provides such support by examining the dehumanization of Jews in Nazi propaganda. Our linguistic analysis suggests that Jews were progressively denied the capacity for fundamentally human mental experiences leading up to the Holocaust. Given that the recognition of another’s mental experience promotes moral concern, these results are consistent with the theory that dehumanization facilitates violence by disengaging moral concern. However, after the onset of the Holocaust, our results suggest that Jews were attributed a greater capacity for agentic mental states. We speculate this may reflect a process of demonization in which Nazi propagandists portrayed the Jews as highly capable of planning and intentionality while nonetheless possessing a subhuman moral character. These suggestive results paint a nuanced portrait of the temporal dynamics of dehumanization during the Holocaust and provide impetus for further empirical scrutiny of dehumanization in ecologically valid contexts.
Shifting qualities of negative affective experience through adolescence: Age-related change and associations with functional outcomes
Authors: Grisanzio Katherine A. , Flournoy John Coleman , Mair Patrick , Somerville Leah
Published: December 2021

Research shows negative affect increases in healthy adolescents, and this normative change is paralleled by increasing risk for the onset of psychopathology. However, research is limited in characterizing qualitative differences in the type of negative affect experienced beyond the positive-negative valence dimension. In the current study, we establish the relationship between different forms of negative affect and functioning outcomes (i.e., different facets of social functioning and life satisfaction), and examine whether these forms of negative affect are differentially prevalent across late childhood and adolescence. 770 participants aged 8-17 years completed self-report measures that assessed a wide range of negative affective experiences. A factor analysis on the negative affect items revealed a 4-factor solution that characterized the dimensions of affective experience, with factors reflecting general anxiety, anger, evaluative anxiety, and sadness. Generalized additive model approaches revealed general anxiety increased non-linearly with age and was associated with decreased reports of emotional support, a facet of social functioning. Anger was associated with increased perceived hostility, perceived rejection, and decreased life satisfaction, and remained stable across the age range. Evaluative anxiety was associated with greater loneliness and increased linearly with increasing age. Sadness was associated with all outcome measures and showed non-linear changes with age, with notable increases in mid-adolescence. These results show that subsuming these subtypes of negative affect under a singular concept may obscure meaningful relationships between affect, age, and functioning. Exploring diverse forms of negative affect may help refine theories of emotional development and ultimately inform windows of risk for psychopathology.
Comparison of mental health and subjective quality of life in sexual minority versus heterosexual autistic adults
Authors: McQuaid Goldie , Gendy Justine , Lee Nancy Raitano , Wallace Gregory
Published: December 2021

Background: Although disparities in mental health and subjective quality of life have been reported for autistic adults, reasons for these disparities are poorly understood. A potential factor in these disparities is exposure to social stressors related to minority status (i.e., minority stress), including stigma and discrimination. Autistic individuals are more likely than non-autistic individuals to possess other minority identities, including sexual minority identities. However, to date, few studies have examined whether sexual minority autistic adults experience diminished mental health relative to heterosexual autistic adults, and no research has examined subjective quality of life for sexual minority compared to heterosexual autistic adults.Methods: Participants were 679 autistic adults aged 18.5 to 83.3 years recruited through Simons Powering Autism Research Knowledge Research Match. Participants completed surveys online, including measures of anxious and depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, and subjective quality of life. Participants reported their sexual orientation and other socio-demographic variables. Results: A large proportion of autistic adults reported a sexual minority identity (43.4%). Sexual minority autistic adults showed poorer mental health and lower subjective quality of life relative to heterosexual autistic adults. Diminished quality of life in the sexual minority group appears to be driven by the strength of the effects for gay and pansexual compared to heterosexual autistic adults. Conclusion: Understanding factors that may be related to poorer mental health and decreased subjective quality of life in autistic adults is critical and has been identified as a research priority among autistic stakeholders. The findings reported here underscore the need to examine mental health and subjective quality of life disparities among autistic individuals within a societal context, taking into consideration the potential of intersecting minority identities and increased social stressors, as these hold the potential to increase risks for poorer outcome.
Semantics of classifiers in some Indian Languages
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Lahiri Bornini , Saha Atanu , Shekhar Sudhanshu
Published: December 2021

In the present paper, we present a detailed description of the classifier systems of five Indian languages-- Mizo, Galo, Tagin (all belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family), Assamese (Indo-Aryan) and Malto (Dravidian). It is observed that the classifiers are a predominant feature in the Tibeto-Burman and we observe an extensive classifier system in these languages. There is no equivalent classifier system in other language families. However in the languages belonging to Eastern India, irrespective of the family, there is some sort of classifier system. Thus classifiers seem to be an areal feature in most of the Eastern and whole of the North-Eastern India. The purpose of the paper is to study if there is some semantic similarity among the classifier systems across language families in this area and thus to see if it is indeed an areal feature. It is just a preliminary description of an ongoing research in which we intend to study many more languages and include languages from the Austro-Asiatic family (such as Khasi and Munda languages spoken in Jharkhand) as well.
No meaningful effects of COVID-19 related social media use on well-being
Authors: Dienlin Tobias
Published: December 2021

In times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, citizens need to stay informed about recent political events. To this end, people increasingly use social media. However, being particularly engaging, many find it hard to disconnect from social media, especially during times of crisis. Using data from the Austrian Corona Panel Project consisting of 3,485 participants from 32 waves, controlling for several stable and varying confounders, the results showed that COVID-19 related social media use reduced facets of well-being. However, the effects were very small. Other factors such as health, income, exercise, or internal locus of control showed larger and more meaningful effects.
PENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENILAIAN AUTENTIK MELALUI SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
Authors: Rochmah Lutfiyah Nur
Published: December 2021

Buku ini merupakan karya tulis peneliti yang mengemban tugas sebagai Pengawas MTs dan MA di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kota Tegaldalam pengawasannya terhadap guru-guru mitra kerjanya. Karya tulis dalam bentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kepengawasan ditujukan untuk membantu guru agar memiliki kemampuan melakukan penilaian autentik. Kemampuan penilaian autentik melalui observasi, monitoring dan evaluasi serta bimbingan terhadap guru dengan pendekatan small group discussion, harapannya agar kesulitan dan tantangan yang berakibat pada rendahnya hasil pembelajaran teratasi secara tuntas. Penulis berkeyakinan, dengan menerapkan penelitian tindakan kepengawasan, maka permasalahan dalam melaksanakan penilaian autentik dapat diatasi tidak hanya secara tepat tetapi dengan menggunakan pendekatan keilmuan yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah keilmuwan pula. Hal ini mengandung arti bahwa pengawas tidak hanya melakukan tindakan kepengawasan secara professional, tetapi berusaha mengembangkan profesionalitas terhadap guru-guru yang menjadi mitra kerjanya dengan menggunakan pendekatan small group discussion.
Design, fabrication and testing of hydro turbine with composite path runner for ultra-low head application
Authors: Chaulagain Raj Kumar , Pokhrel Dhiraj , Gautam Kaurab , Khanal Nabin , Bhatt Harish
Published: December 2021

This paper is focused on design a turbine with composite path runner for ultra low head application and finally analyze its performance under different test conditions. Literature review was the starting point of research and detailed design parameters for the turbine dimensions and materials were selected taking feasibility of fabrication and testing in hand. The testing was proposed on real site of Bagmati river at Kupandole, Lalitpur, Nepal where the turbine was subjected to fuse reeflowing water from the head of 1.3m and flowrate of 78 LPS that taken as site parameter. The 3D model for the turbine was developed in CATIA. For turbine height of 0.77m and runner minor diameter of 0.152m, simulations were carried out to find the most feasible number of blades, blade width, blade spacing, number of guide vanes and guide vane spacing using ANSYS simulation. Among the simulation the best arrangement was blade radial width of 62 mm, blade spacing of 54mm, guide vane spacing of 36.5 mm, total number of blades 25 and total number of guide vanes 7 keeping output power in mind. The experimental results were then compared with the data obtained from calculations and simulations. Turbine at part load of Qo/Qmax = 0.67 was tested and the resulting maximum efficiency was 21.1% at 87 RPM with available flow rate of 52 LPS.
Metabasites petrology and P-T evolution in the Lesser Himalaya, central Nepal
Authors: Paudel L. P. , Imayama T. , Arita K.
Published: December 2021

Petrological study was carried out for the first time on the metabasites of the Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal. The metabasites are mostly tholeiitic basalts emplaced in the elastic sediments as supracrustal dikes and sills, and later metamorphosed together with the host rocks. They contain almost a constant mineral assemblage of Ca-amphiboles + plagioclase + biotite + quartz ± epidote± chlorite + (Fe-Ti oxides). Amphiboles in the form of porphyroblasts show chemical zonation with actinolite/magnesio­homblende cores, tschermakite/ferro-tschermakite rims, and magnesio-hornblende margins. The cores of porphyroblasts are pre-kinematic and were probably formed prior to the Tertiary Himalayan orogeny. The porphyroblast rims and the matrix amphiboles are syn-kinematic and were formed during the Upper Main Central Thrust activity in the Tertiary period. The compositions of both the porphyroblast rims and matrix amphiboles change from actinolite in the chlorite zone to magnesium­ hornblende in the biotite zone and totschermakite/ferro-tschermakite in the garnet zone. The systematic changes in amphibole compositions as well as petrographic characteristics of metabasites confirm the classical concept of increasing metamorphic grade structurally upwards to the Upper Main Central Thrust in the Lesser Himalaya. Application of hornblende-plagioclase thermobarometry shows a coherent prograde P-T path in zoned amphiboles. The cores of amphibole porphyroblasts were formed at average peak temperature of ~540"C and at pressure of ~3 kbar. The porphyroblast rims and matrix amphiboles were recrystallized at average peak temperatures of ~570°C in the biotite zone and ~630°C in the garnet zone at pressure of ~6 kbar. The metabasites petrology is in favor of the tectono-metamorphic models that relate the inverted metamorphism with thrusting along the Upper Main Central Thrust and coeval inversion of isoiliem1S. It is suggested that published amphibole cooling ages from the Nepalese Lesser Himalaya based on simples, homogeneous mineralogy should be reinterpreted in view of the presence of polygenetic amphiboles with heterogeneous composition.
Suicide & COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thapa R , Subedi S
Published: December 2021

No abstract available.
Association of Plasma Level of Lithium with Clinical Effect in Bipolar Disorder at a Tertiary Center in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Nepal S , Sarraf DP , Baral DD , Mishra SK , Chaudhari RK , Sapkota N
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Lithium is widely used as the gold standard for the treatment of acute and maintenance treatment of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD). Its therapeutic benefits are restricted by several adverse drug reactions (ADR). Therefore, it is necessary to measure its serum concentration for optimal dosing and clinical response and to minimize toxicity. The objectives of the study were to correlate dose of Lithium with its serum concentration and serum concentration of lithium with clinical effect.

Material And Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in 213 patients presenting to psychiatric OPD, diagnosed with BPAD and taking Lithium monotherapy at least for 3 months. Data collection was done from 15th December 2018 to14th December 2019. Sociodemographic profile and relevant laboratory investigations were recorded on a self-designed proforma. Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were applied for objective assessment of remission. Chi square test was used to correlate categorical data and ANOVA test was used for continuous data using SPSS at P-value of 0.05.

Results: Majority of patients were male (51.6%), married (62.4%), Hindu (86.9%) and in remission phase (92%). Dose of lithium was 300-1200 mg/day; serum concentration was 0.26 to 1.51mmol/L, was in therapeutic range in majority of the patients (82.6%) and was positively correlated with the dose of lithium (P-value <0.0001).

Conclusion: Lithium is very effective for maintenance therapy in BPAD with wide variation in dose and serum concentration. The dose of lithium should be guided both on the basis of clinical assessment and serum concentration.
Patterns Of Psychiatric Referrals In A Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Niroula R , Chakrabortty PK , Thapa P , Khattri JB , Ramesh K
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) is a subspecialty of psychiatry that provides care to patients under non-psychiatric care. Despite evidence of benefits of CLP for patients with psychiatric comorbidities, referral rates from hospital doctors remain low. This has prompted the present study, to assess the frequency and the pattern of psychiatric referral in a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Material And Method: This was a descriptive cross‑sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study comprised of 108 patients referred for psychiatric consultation from various out-patient departments (OPD) to C‑L services of psychiatry department. Information was collected using semi‑structured proforma, and diagnosis was made based on Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR)and the data were analyzed.

Results: A total of 108 patients, male 41(38%) and female: 67(62%) were referred to CLP, the Medicine department sent the maximum number of consultations (57.4%), followed by E.N.T (25.9%), Surgery (16.7%). Psychiatric consultation was sought for various reasons including decreased sleep (37%), appears anxious (27.8%), appears depressed (15.7%), foreign body sensation (11.1%), and mass moving in abdomen (8.3%).The most prevalent ICD-10 diagnosis was depressive episode (44.4%) followed by anxiety disorder (27.8%) and somatoform disorder (19.4%).

Conclusion: Our study illustrates the importance of CLP through referral pattern from various OPD in a tertiary care hospital. Majority of referrals were from Medicine department andthe most common reason of referral was decreased sleep. The commonest diagnosis seen in the referred out-patients was depression followed by anxiety disorder and somatoform disorder.
Is There Possibility Of Withdrawal Seizure In Opioid Dependence Syndrome? A Case Report
Authors: Regmi B , Limbu S , Nepal S
Published: December 2021

Opioids are commonly used and abused substance worldwide. Opioid withdrawal may manifest as severe muscle cramps, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, piloerection, yawning, and fever. Here, we report a 32 year old man with heroin dependence, presented with new onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure following heroin withdrawal. Seizure is a life-threating condition and rare phenomenon in opioid withdrawal therefore, reporting of this case is important. It may help clinician to be aware and consider seizure as a part of opioid withdrawal.
Negative Binomial Distribution to Explain the Domestic Fire Incidence in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Arun Kumar , Shah Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background: Fire disaster is one of the most destructive disasters. According to global dataset of Sendai Framework, domestic fire incidence was 9.9% up to 2019. In Nepal, 62% fire incidence was reported during 2017 and 2018. However, many studies have been conducted on fire incidence, few of them are based on domestic fire incidence.

Objective: To find the descriptive statistics of fire occurrences and fire fatalities, and to identify the probability distributions that best fit the data of fire occurrences observed in three ecological regions as well as overall in Nepal.

Material and Methods: The data of fire incidences from May 2011 to April 2021 were retrieved from Nepal Disaster Risk Reduction Portal, Government of Nepal. At first, a statistical software "Mathwave EasyFit" of 30 days trial version was used to identify the candidate probability models. Further, the best probability model was determined after testing the goodness of fit of the candidate models by using graphical tools-histogram and theoretical densities, empirical and theoretical CDFs, Q-Q plot and P-P plot; and mathematical tools-maximum likelihood, Akaike Information Criteria and Bayesian Information Criteria by using the package “fitdistrplus” of software R version 4.1.1.

Results: On an average, 135 fire incidences per month were occurred in Nepal. However, the Terai faced the highest monthly fire incidences compared to the Hill and the Mountain, it has less fatality per 100 fire incidence followed by the Hill and the Mountain. Descriptive statistics reveals that fire occurrences are moderate during November to February and high in March and April. The fire incidences were reported high during spring and winter and low during summer and autumn season which reveals that fire incidence might be related with the precipitation and temperature. The sample data was run in "Mathwave EasyFit" software which suggested Poisson, geometric and negative binomial distribution as candidate probability models. The goodness of fit of these models were further tested by graphical as well as mathematical tools where negative binomial distribution was found to be best among the candidate models for the data set.

Conclusion: Incidence of fire disasters varies by ecological regions as well as by seasons. It is low in the Mountain region and during Monsoon/rainy season. Negative binomial distribution fits the best to monthly data of fire incidence in Nepal.
Beta Distribution for Estimating Risk Associated Time Schedule of Hydropower Projects in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Kiran Kumar , Kayastha Rabindra
Published: December 2021

Background: Risk is associated with every kind of project work whether it is related to engineering construction project, software development project, financial transaction process or business process. There isn't any project which is free of risks. It is inherent in all types of projects. Observing risk associated with a project can help in successful completion of projects in expected time and expected cost with good assurance of quality. This article is concerned with quantitative analysis of risks coined with hydropower construction project in Nepal.

Objective: The main objective of this paper is (a) to identify different activities involved in hydropower construction projects (b) to estimate risk associated time schedule of the identified project activities.

Materials and Methods: Data required for the fulfillment of the objective are obtained by interview and discussion with executives of “Shiva Shree Hydropower Limited” and by using project schedule charts of projects won by the company. In this article quantitative analysis of schedule risk of hydropower project is studied by simulation method.

Results: Different activities involved in hydropower construction project are identified. Also, risk associated with time schedule of project are observed quantitatively by simulation using beta-PERT distribution.

Conclusion: Estimation of time schedule associated with project activities is more realistic when it is analyzed by using beta-PERT distribution compared to other statistical distributions.
Creative adjustment of linguistic and textual resources in literary translation
Authors: Adhikari Bal Ram
Published: December 2021

The present article conceptualizes the process of rewriting the given text in the target language (TL) as regeneration of the text across languages. Shedding light on similarities and differences between producing a text across languages i.e. transwriting and within a language i.e. writing, it is argued that translation is a creative process almost exclusive to linguistic and textual levels.
Patterns of sound change in Deori and Dimasa
Authors: Longmailai Monali , Saikia Jonali
Published: December 2021

This paper compares the two cognate Tibeto- Burman languages, Deori and Dimasa, in terms of sound change patterns in certain class of lexical items. In this regard, it discusses the noun categorization devices besides the counting system, some morphological features and the use of borrowing present in these languages. The paper, thereby, studies briefly their sociolinguistic context of language loss and retention.
Model Waterfall Untuk Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pengadaan Mesin EDC Pada E-Channel Operations Perbankan
Authors: Amrin Amrin , Aldiansyah Muhammad Reza
Published: December 2021

Dalam era globalisasi sekarang ini, teknologi informasi melaju dengan cepatnya. Adapun komputer yang merupakan peralatan yang diciptakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan manusia, saat mencapai kemajuan baik di dalam pembuatan hardware maupun software. E-Channel Operations Perbankan membutuhkan sekali adanya suatu sistem informasi yang menunjang dan memberikan pelayanan yang memudahkan bagi para karyawannya. Sistem pengadaan yang digunakan E-Channel Operations Perbankan masih dilakukan secara manual, yaitu dengan membuat surat permintaan setiap kali melakukan pengadaan mesin baru. Perancangan sistem informasi pengadaan mesin EDC berbasis web merupakan solusi yang terbaik untuk memecahkan permasalahan- permasalahan yang ada pada perusahaan ini, serta dengan sistem yang terkomputerisasi dapat tercapai suatu kegiatan yang efektif dan efisien dalam menunjang aktifitas pada perusahaan ini.  Metode yang digunakan untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak adalah metode waterfall. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya aplikasi pengadaan mesin EDC, dapat mempermudah pegawai yang terkait dalam proses pengadaan secara real time, pembuatan laporan dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan tepat.serta penyimpanan data menjadi lebih aman.
Perancangan Sistem Keamanan Brankas Menggunakan Metode Finger Print Berbasis SMS Gateway
Authors: Watmah Sri , Kautsar Hanggoro Aji Al , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: December 2021

Bagi sebagian orang atau perusahaan memerlukan alat penyimpanan barang berharga dari bahaya pencurian/pembongkaran. Alat yang biasa digunakan untuk menyimpan barang berharga tersebut biasanya berupa brankas. Brankas merupakan lemari atau kotak besi yang digunakan untuk menyimpan barang berharga. Meskipun terbuat dari besi dan mempunyai kunci khusus brankas tetap perlu menggunakan teknologi untuk keamananya. Terlebih lagi sekarang marak terjadi pencurian. Sebagai solusi dari permasalahan ini maka maka dibutuhkan teknologi tempat penyimpanan barang berharga yang terintegrasi. Dalam penelitian ini penulis membuat sistem keamanan brankas menggunakan metode finger print berbasis sms gateway. Dengan penerapan sistem keamanan ganda yaitu dengan sidik jari sebagai akses untuk membuka pintu dan pemberitahuan melalui email jika bukan si pemilik yang membuka akses brankas tersebut. Sidik jari yang dapat digunakan untuk mengakses pintu brankas yaitu hanya sidik jari yang telah di rekam ke dalam sistem pengguna brankas sedangkan daya atau arus tegangan yang digunakan dalam keamanan ini menggunakan 9 Volt yaitu menggunakan sebuah adaptor 9 Volt.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Sistem Peminjaman Unit Multimedia Menggunakan Metode Waterfall
Authors: Sastra Ricki , Gumelar Gugum
Published: December 2021

Sistem Peminjaman Unit Multimedia pada suatu instansi merupakan hal yang vital. Dimana setiap instansi akan membutuhkan berbagai item atau inventory lainnya untuk menjalankan dan mendorong event tersebut berjalan. Barang-barang multimedia yang dibutuhkan hanya sesaat dalam suatu acara harus berfungsi dengan baik agar acara dapat berjalan dengan lancar.Selama ini proses peminjaman masih belum optimal, peminjaman masih dilaksanakan secara konvensional dengan pencatatan menggunakan media buku dan memiliki kekurangan karena masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan. Dan dalam  proses peminjaman barang masih sering terjadi kesalahan komunikasi antara karyawan dan pemilik dengan pelanggan, mengingat jumlah barang yang dimiliki rumit untuk mengatur ketersediaan unit barang. Selain itu proses pendataan barang multimedia masih menggunakan formulir untuk pengisian data sehingga dapat terjadi kesalahan pencatatan pada saat proses peminjaman. Dengan adanya aplikasi system peminjaman barang yang dirancang menggunakan metode Agile. diharapkan dapat mendukung proses input aplikasi barang pegawai, pengadaan barang, pengecekan stok, dan laporan barang masuk sehingga proses dapat berjalan dengan baik
Źródła z Królestwa Polskiego, Litwy i Rusi. Warsztat edytora
Authors: Sikorska-Kulesza Jolanta
Published: December 2021

The presented volume considers sources from the so-called Taken Lands – former Polish lands incorporated into the Russian Empire – as well as from the area of the Duchy of Warsaw and then Kingdom of Poland. Its chronological scope encompasses the 19th and early 20th centuries, and its subject-matter stretches from homilies, to legal and bureaucratic sources, to those concerning the history of science and technology. The authors touch upon a number of themes relating to the technicalities, methodology and theory of source editing.
Evaluating Narrative in Geoportals for Territorial Public Policies
Authors: Manuel Baptista Luís , Figueiras Ana
Published: December 2021

La planification territoriale demande que nous disposions de plusieurs cartes faisant référence aux différentes couches d’information nécessaires pour représenter le territoire en fonction d’un grand nombre de variables. Au Portugal, à l’échelon municipal, le Plan directeur municipal (PDM – plano diretor municipal) est l’outil de gestion qui fonde la planification et l’organisation à long terme du territoire. Puisque le PDM impose des contraintes à la population, celle-ci devrait pouvoir y accéder et l’interpréter facilement. Pourtant, à cause de l’énorme quantité d’information qu’il contient, les gens ont souvent du mal à comprendre son contenu, présenté uniquement sous la forme d’éléments cartographiques statiques. La comparaison de 60 sites web offrant des renseignements géographiques à un vaste public a permis de constater que les données sont plus engageantes quand elles s’accompagnent d’éléments narratifs, visuels et interactifs et qu’elles sont présentées en portions variables, avec l’information nécessaire pour les partitionner, y naviguer ou y faire des recherches. Cette flexibilité est particulièrement importante dans les grands ensembles de données, dont la compréhension et l’analyse adéquates exigent un niveau décroissant de complexité. Nous avons constaté que les géoportails consacrés aux politiques publiques en matière de territoire souffraient d’un manque d’éléments narratifs et que ceux-ci en amélioreraient la compréhension. Puisqu’il est difficile pour le grand public de comprendre la stratégie que la municipalité cherche à implanter, la participation citoyenne, bien que possible, ne produira pas les résultats escomptés.
Materials Selection for Failure Prevention
Authors: Miller Brett A.
Published: December 2021

Materials selection is closely related to the objectives of failure analysis and prevention. This article briefly reviews the general aspects of materials selection as a concern in both proactive failure prevention during design and as a possible root cause of failed parts. Coverage is more conceptual, with general discussions on the following topics: design and failure prevention, materials selection in design, materials selection for failure prevention, and materials selection and failure analysis. Because materials selection is just one part of the design process, the overall concept of design is discussed. The article also describes the role of the materials engineer in the design and materials selection process. It provides information on the significance of materials selection in both the prevention and analysis of failures.
Analysis Methods for Probabilistic Life Assessment
Authors: Kurth Robert , Sallaberry Cédric
Published: December 2021

This article provides an outline of the issues to consider in performing a probabilistic life assessment. It begins with an historical background and introduces the most common methods. The article then describes those methods covering subjects such as the required random variable definitions, how uncertainty is quantified, and input for the associated random variables, as well as the characterization of the response uncertainty. Next, it focuses on specific and generic uncertainty propagation techniques: first- and second-order reliability methods, the response surface method, and the most frequently used simulation methods, standard Monte Carlo sampling, Latin hypercube sampling, and discrete probability distribution sampling. Further, the article discusses methods developed to analyze the results of probabilistic methods and covers the use of epistemic and aleatory sampling as well as several statistical techniques. Finally, it illustrates some of the techniques with application problems for which probabilistic analysis is an essential element.
Failures of Mechanical Fasteners
Authors: Connelly Michael B.
Published: December 2021

This article first provides an overview of the types of mechanical fasteners. This is followed by sections providing information on fastener quality and counterfeit fasteners, as well as fastener loads. Then, the article discusses common causes of fastener failures, namely environmental effects, manufacturing discrepancies, improper use, or incorrect installation. Next, it describes fastener failure origins and fretting. Types of corrosion in threaded fasteners and their preventive measures are then covered. The performance of fasteners at elevated temperatures is addressed. Further, the article discusses the types of rivet, blind fastener, and pin fastener failures. Finally, it provides information on the mechanism of fastener failures in composites.
Engineering Design Process Investigation in a Failure Analysis
Authors: Kushnick Steven
Published: December 2021

The intent of this article is to assist the failure analyst in understanding the underlying engineering design process embodied in a failed component or system. It begins with a description of the mode of failure. This is followed by a section providing information on the root cause of failure. Next, the article discusses the steps involved in the engineering design process and explains the importance of considering the engineering design process. Information on failure modes and effects analysis is also provided. The article ends with a discussion on the consequence of management actions on failures.
Failures of Brazed Joints
Authors: Miller Brett A. , Dennies Daniel P.
Published: December 2021

The various methods of furnace, torch, induction, resistance, dip, and laser brazing are used to produce a wide range of highly reliable brazed assemblies. However, imperfections that can lead to braze failure may result if proper attention is not paid to the physical properties of the material, joint design, prebraze cleaning, brazing procedures, postbraze cleaning, and quality control. Factors that must be considered include brazeability of the base metals; joint design and fit-up; filler-metal selection; prebraze cleaning; brazing temperature, time, atmosphere, or flux; conditions of the faying surfaces; postbraze cleaning; and service conditions. This article focuses on the advantages, limitations, sources of failure, and anomalies resulting from the brazing process. It discusses the processes involved in the testing and inspection required of the braze joint or assembly.
Failures of Mechanical Springs
Authors: Medlin Dana J.
Published: December 2021

Mechanical springs are used in mechanical components to exert force, provide flexibility, and absorb or store energy. This article provides an overview of the operating conditions of mechanical springs. Common failure mechanisms and processes involved in the examination of spring failures are also discussed. In addition, the article discusses common causes of failures and presents examples of specific spring failures, describes fatigue failures that resulted from these types of material defects, and demonstrates how improper fabrication can result in premature fatigue failure. It also covers failures of shape memory alloy springs and failures caused by corrosion and operating conditions.
تصميم الدساتير وبناء الثقة دراسة في تجارب الانتقال الديمقراطي من منظور مقارن
Authors: فكري مروة
Published: December 2021

تبحث هذه الدراسة في دور عملية تصميم الدساتير في دفع أطراف الانتقال الديمقراطي نحو التعاون، وليس نحو الصراع، في ضوء ما تتّسم به عملية الانتقال الديمقراطي من قدر كبير من عدم اليقين في ما يتّصل بالمستقبل. وتركز الدراسة على أربع حالات ناجحة في تحقيق الانتقال الديمقراطي )بولندا، وتشيلي، وجنوب أفريقيا، وإندونيسيا( للوقوف على العوامل المشتركة التي ساهمت في هذا النجاح. وتوصلت، عبر منهجها المقارن، إلى أن عملية تصميم الدستور عملية سياسية اجتماعية أكثر منها قانونية، تتطلّب قدرًا كبيرًا من المساومات والمفاوضات لإحداث التوازن والتوافق بين الفواعل السياسية والاجتماعية القائمة. وتوضح الدراسة كيف أن إحدى الاستراتيجيات المستخدمة في ذلك كانت تبني ترتيبات تحدّ من السلطة المطلقة للأغلبية Counter Majoritarian لتبديد الكثير من المخاوف ولبناء الثقة بين الأطراف السياسية.
التدبير الدستوري للانتقال السياسي في الحالة الجزائرية هل تلبي المسالك الدستورية القائمة مطالب الحراك الشعبي؟
Authors: بابا عربي مسلم
Published: December 2021

تبحث هذه الدراسة في موضوع التدبير الدستوري لمرحلة الانتقال السياسي في الجزائر عقب الحراك الشعبي في 22 شباط/ فبراير 2019 ، فمن خ ال تنزيل المقولات الأساسية للدستورانية الانتقالية، تهتمّ الدراسة بإشكالية مدى إمكانية إنجاز التغيير السياسي السلمي عبر الآليات أو الترتيبات الدستورية المستمدة من النصوص الموروثة. ومقارنةً بحالات عربية مشابهة، تميزت التجربة الجزائرية باعتماد مخطط سياسي لإدارة المرحلة الانتقالية، مستندة إلى تدابير دستورية مستمدة من النصوص السارية. لكنها لم تكن مقنعة لقطاع واسع من مكونات الحراك الشعبي الذي قدَّر أن تلك الترتيبات تقيّد مسار التغيير، وترجح كفة إعادة إنتاج المنظومة القائمة على حساب إمكانية إنجاز التغيير السياسي السلمي. لم يشكل خيار تدبير المرحلة السياسية الانتقالية، وفق ما تتيحه النصوص الدستورية السارية، سابقة في هذا المجال، فما يعدّ نوعًا من السابقة في الحالة الجزائرية هو اقتصار مفهوم الحل الدستوري على المقتضيات الحرفية لمنطوق النص الدستوري، من دون تعديلات دستورية جزئية، ولا مراجعة جوهرية للبنية التشريعية الموروثة.
Psycholinguistic Mechanisms of Understanding Contemporary Poetry by Future Philologists
Authors: Mykhalchuk Nataliia , Ivashkevych Ernest , Nohachevska Inna , Nabochuk Alexander , Voitenko Oksana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct the empirical study of understanding contemporary poetry by future philologists, which helps us to distinguish psycholinguistic mechanisms of such understanding.

The methods of the research. The research was carried out using a sample method (using a questionnaire developed by us (Mykhalchuk, Ivashkevych & Nabochuk, 2020). This questionnaire we use to assess the psychological specifics of understanding of contemporary poetry by future philologists. In order to establish the peculiarities of the content of the associative series of the word “poetry”, we organized an associative experiment. Also we used the method of annotated reading (Illyashenko, 1980). The application of this technique involved solving the following tasks: (1) to develop the criteria to understand poetry for students; (2) to determine the levels of understanding of future philologists of poetic texts.

The results of the research. We single out some special psycholinguistic mechanisms of understanding of poetic texts by students-philologists, such as: (1). The mechanism of actualization of “emotions of form”. (2). The mechanism of harmonization of meaning. (3). The mechanism of amplification of poetry. (4). The mechanism of acquiring aesthetic experience. We proved, that the subject of understanding is an active communicative person with multifaceted personal qualities. The subjective component of understanding is specified in two main groups of factors: (1) the factor of the activity of the understanding the subject, generalized in target conditions of understanding; (2) the factor of individual-personal conditionality of understanding: the assessment by the subject of understanding of his/her own moral, volitional, emotional-communicative qualities, personal aggression, a tendency to reflection, etc.

Conclusions. The success of improving readers’ perception and understanding of the poetry depends on the activation of the latter. Readers focus more on direct intentions than on their own feelings and ideas about poetry, although the latter determines their different perceptions. The development of the perception and understanding of the poetic form of the reader is due to the realization of the increasing complex of emotional connections of the semantic elements of the text, and emotionality is one of the main criteria for assessing poetry.
Spotting fake in the news: an easy task?
Authors: Gryshchenko Olena , Tsapro Galyna
Published: December 2021

Fake news is a widespread element of the nowadays news websites. The research focuses on students’ abilities to detect fake news stories. 72 % of respondents successfully identified fake texts. The experiment proves that students concentrate on reading texts carefully, check their credibility, facts and pictures that accompany news texts. Students believe that among linguistic features that contribute to creating fake news texts there is repetition of lexemes, illogical structure of narration, exaggeration, confusing numbers. It was also pointed out that photos do not illustrate information given in fake texts.
A comparative study of HEALTH in newspaper articles of the 1980s and 2000s: a corpus based analysis
Authors: Sivaieva Olha
Published: December 2021

The notion of health is of vital importance for the society. The research analyses and compares the corpora processed with the help of Sketch Engine. The collocations with HEALTH taken from The Guardian 80 and modern as well as The Mirror 80 and modern are in the focus of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. While the analysis such research methods were used as: discourse and critical analyses are used to study collocations with HEALTH in British broadsheets and tabloids; corpus analysis – to single out key words representing HEALTH in the corpus broadsheets and tabloids; contextual-interpretative analysis – to establish specifics features of discursive representation of the collocations with HEALTH in the media discourse and tabloids; quantitative analysis – to interpret and compare results obtained. The collocations chosen for this research are nouns modified by HEALTH. The n-grams show the differences and similarities as for the health collocations in The Guardian 80/The Mirror 80, The Guardian modern/The Mirror modern as well as The Guardian 80/The Guardian modern and The Mirror 80/The Mirror modern. The findings of the study show top health collocations, such as health care, health problem, health benefit, health issue, health expert, health support. The frequency of their being used in the newspaper discourse can vary in the broadsheet or the tabloid. Besides, newspaper discourse accentuates certain problems revealed in the life of the society either in the 80s or nowadays. The research reveals the health collocation differences between two different newspapers as well as between the newspapers with the same name at different times. The analysis shows that the newspaper discourse reflects the idea promoted by the societal health approaches.
New Measurement System for Sustainability : MNB’s Sustainability Report and Index
Authors: Hausmann Róbert , Szalai Ákos
Published: December 2021

Our study explains why it is important to implement the aspects of sustainability in order to successfully converge and break out of the trap of medium development, and presents the main findings of the MNB Sustainability Report and Index based on a self-developed quantification-purpose methodology. The socio-economic system of a country is considered sustainable if its environmental, social, financial and real economy resources are used in a sustainable way to achieve and maintain longterm prosperity. The MNB’s Sustainability Index ranks Hungary 15th among the 27 EU member states in 2021, which is slightly better than the average ranking of the Visegrád countries, but slightly behind the EU average. There is room for improvement in all four priority areas, with the identification of the greatest scope for convergence in the financial and social sustainability dimensions. In line with the frameworks of international organisations (UN, OECD) with a strong track record in sustainability, the MNB report helps to identify key areas of potential sustainability strengths and reserves, thus supporting, on the one hand, long-term, strategic policy-making, specialised research in the field of sustainability and, on the other hand, sustainable convergence.
PENGEMBANGAN KATALIS ZIRKONIA DARI PASIR ZIRKON DENGAN METODE FUSI ALKALI UNTUK REAKSI TRANSFER HIDROGENASI FURFURAL
Authors: Vina Vina , Ferani Aisya , Putri Dwi Septiani , Melisa Mira , Kurniati Mely , Saputra Leo
Published: December 2021

Pada penelitian ini, kami memanfaatkan pasir zirkon (ZrSiO4) yang kesediaannya cukup melimpah (174,22 juta ton) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan katalis zirkonia (ZrO2). Pasir zirkon dicampur dengan NaOH (rasio massa 1 : 1,5) kemudian dikalsinasi pada suhu 700 ºC selama 1 jam. Ekstraksi menggunakan HCl dan presipitasi menggunakan NH4OH menghasilkan endapan putih Zr(OH)4 yang dapat ditransformasi menjadi ZrO2 melalui kalsinasi. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa Zr(OH)4 yang dihasilkan bersifat amorf, kemudian berubah fase menjadi ZrO2 setelah kalsinasi dengan kristalinitas 35,8%). Katalis dari pasir zirkon ini memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang relatif tinggi untuk reaksi transfer hidrogenasi (CTH) senyawa turunan biomassa furfural (FFald) menjadi furfuril alkohol (FFalc). Reaksi CTH senyawa FFald menggunakan katalis ZrO2 pada 150 ºC , 350 rpm, 1 jam menghasilkan konversi 19,6% dan selektivitas >99%, sedangkan Zr(OH)4 menghasilkan konversi 37,1% dan selektivitas >99%. Katalis ini memiliki aktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibanding Al2O3 komersial (konversi 20,2%) berdasarkan hasil analisa kromatografi gas (GC). Terbentuknya produk FFalc juga dikonfirmasi melalui analisis FTIR dengan munculnya vibrasi O-H pada bilangan gelombang sekitar 3.355,32 cm-1.
THE ISSUE OF TUMOR MARKERS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION
Authors: Kazmirchuk Vira , Halkin Alex
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to discuss the current state of informativeness of tumor markers and errors in their interpretation. A progress report is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the interpretation of the results of the clinical laboratory examination of the patient, based on the presence of tumor markers. Particular attention is paid to fundamental errors in making a diagnosis on the basis of tests for tumor markers.
Una aproximación a la función argumentativa de la ironía
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramírez González Carlos Fernando
Published: December 2021

La ironía es un recurso lingüístico generalmente usado para mostrar un punto de vista de manera indirecta. Su uso y comprensión no se da de forma automática, sino que deben existir dos condiciones que lo permitan: una ligada al desarrollo intelectual del sujeto, y la otra, un contexto social de uso. El resultado del uso irónico puede ser la burla, la diversión, incluso la lástima; pero en su forma actual, nunca el engaño. Al considerar el uso y la comprensión de la ironía, nos damos cuenta de que es un fenómeno comunicativo, es decir, dialéctico; por un lado, existe un emisor de la ironía y por otro, los receptores que pueden ser el interlocutor o algún espectador. Este trabajo es una aproximación al análisis de la función argumental de la ironía. Para realizar dicho análisis he aplicado algunos elementos de la pragma-dialéctica, tanto en su versión estándar como extendida, ya que la ironía es, desde el punto de vista argumental, una maniobra estratégica.