bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy safety of central-east European countries versus „gas main politics” of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Instytut Zachodni w Poznaniu, Ostant Witold
Published: May 2022

This article aims to describe the EU’s dependence on import and also to a growing danger of impediments in supplies and lack of guarantee of stable prices. In time dependence on import of energy resources and its risks may lead to a disturbance in a stable economic development of the EU countries. At the same time the EU countries are more and more dependent on the import of oil and natural gas. The EU countries are practically at a loss in the face of Russian gas politics, they do not even try to create a solid block, which could change the stance of Russia with the use of diplomatic and economic means. Perhaps in this case a hypothesis could be proposed that the reasons for the crisis are political, not commercial. Germany and France from time to time demonstrate in public their very good relations with the Russian Federation.
Here comes a man: something about a new Aryan
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Ozdyk Sławomir
Published: May 2022

The internationalisation of far-right movements is a fact and the trans-national cooperation of neo-fascists is its part. In Poland it is seen from the activity of NOP or ONR, for a long time fascinated with a potential cooperation with neo-fascists from other countries. This specific political schizophrenia; alliances with the most aggressive enemies of their own nation, can be astonishing; however, not in the situation when we know that the far-right parties using the slogan, let’s defend Europe together, want to create a European political international. For that reason also the neo-Nazis cooperate in their fight against the Jews and ‘blacks’, make plans of joint actions and get trained together. As seen from the example of the Brown Army Fraction – Zwickauer Terrorzelle from Germany, an extremist national movement is a phenomenon which is most complex. There are hundreds of groups with international links, and often one person is a member of a few similar organizations. In the Polish far-right environment, similarly as in the case of Autonomic Nationalists in Germany, there emerged a yearning for something new, perfect and free from surveillance since the groups which were known were fossilised, permanently observed and, in practise, they ceased to operate. One had to start everything from scratch; differently, with new people and methods. What was needed to attract committed believers was the strategy worthy of the era of mobile Internet. An example of such modern international operation is a terrorist group Combat 18; however, it is hardly an organization as the group is based on the idea of leaderless resistance. Even though C18 is very active in Poland, we still have not had any terrorist attack, however the level of ignorance of the authorities can lead to it. Neo-fascists are, following their mentor, Himmler, passionate about various symbols, codes or Celtic patterns. Printed on clothes, CDs, in magazines, on cars or tattooed on the skin or processed as jewellery, they play a few basic functions; used by the neo-Nazi, the codes, symbols and signs are a visual representation of their beliefs and an integral part of far-right culture.
Sources of the contemporary strategic thinking. Readiness to unlimited violence
Authors:   Instytut Politologii i Europeistyki Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, J. Piątek Jarosław
Published: May 2022

Relationships between the United States and the Soviet Union not only wielded enormous influence on almost half century of international relations, but freed also an entire number of analyses and strategic theories, which and in our times have their bigger or smaller references. Cold war in one’s for the political plane and military was the “golden age” for the strategy. For the author of the most interesting strategic analyses, with which in the huge rank it isn’t possible to comprehend, as only historical formed the strategic action appealing above all to Clausewitza and Lenin. The strategy is pointing, how a victory refers through the war, it isn’t possible so, of course, to ponder issues of the strategy until they determine, what the war is. According to the famous Clausewitza definition, the war is an act of violence, being aimed at forcing the opponent to fulfil of our will. This expression contains two crucial elements. Firstly, the war assumes the violence what is distinguishing her from other forms of political, economic or military rivalry. Secondly, it isn’t the pointless slaughter, but the tool being used to achieve the political purpose. It outlined the vision of world with time with the arms race and manners of the effective disarmament?
Europeanisation and Internationalisation of LGBT Rights in Poland
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Jartyś Janusz
Published: May 2022

The development of the civil society in Poland post-1989 has put the LGBT movement on the map of the country’s social landscape. As a corollary, it has also led to a greater social engagement of the non-heterosexual community striving for recognition of its demands. The establishment of the Campaign Against Homophobia (KPH) and the spread of the Internet in Poland have raised the Polish society’s awareness of the LGBT movement and made it part of the country’s political discourse. On the other hand, the perceived threat to the established conservative values of the Polish society has galvanised the opponents of the non-heterosexual community and its demands. The resulting dispute between the supporters and opponents of the LGBT movement and its professed ideas has placed the issue on the agenda of the Polish political parties.
Public Opinion and Foreign Policy of the State. Analysis from the Perspective of Polish Foreign Policy
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Podgórzańska Renata
Published: May 2022

For the purposes of this article it has been assumed that public opinion is a rapidly changing state of consciousness of large social groups, made up of more or less stable ideas and beliefs, relating to debatable issues, which has a direct or indirect impact on the current or future interests of society by its properties. This article aims to analyze the impact of public opinion on Polish foreign policy after 1989. The article assumes that: the public opinion has an impact on decisions affecting foreign policy, although the extent of this impact is very different and often is purely indirect; impact of public opinion in Poland on foreign policy increases, but still shall be defined only as incidental impact; public opinion in Poland does not determine foreign policy.
Scotland at the Crossroads: From Brexit to Neverrendum
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Czapiewski Tomasz
Published: May 2022

This article aims to describe the possible variants of the course of events after Brexit, from a Scottish perspective. Three dimensions are taken into the account: future model of UK–EU relations, symmetry of Brexit inside the UK and possibility of the second independence referendum in the near future (less than five years). These dimension have allowed to distinguish three main variants of further development, that are in short named by the author as: passive variant, Scottish exception and another referendum. It seems at this point that the Scottish Government is bound to carry out the second referendum, especially if the British government chooses a variant of the so-called hard Brexit. The European argument, which is so often used by Sturgeon in political debate does not necessarily lead to an increase in support for the independence, especially when eventual membership in the European Union of an independent Scotland is burdened with so many question marks.
Intra-Regional Cooperation in Eastern Dimension of the European Neighborhood Policy: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors:   Warsaw School of Economics, Grącik-Zajączkowski Małgorzata
Published: May 2022

The Eastern Partnership was established by the EU in 2009 as a new institutional framework for building cooperation between the EU and six countries from Eastern Europe and Southern Caucasus (i.e Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) as well as between the partner-countries themselves. The initiative was based on commitment to fundamental values such as democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights, market economy rules, sustainable development and good governance. The idea of how to treat the countries left after the downfall of the Soviet Union was one of the biggest challenge for the EU’s foreign policy. After the admission of Central European Countries to the EU in 2004 and 2007 the Union decided to launch a program which would provide the Eastern neighbors with an alternative to membership a set of incentives for engaging in economic, social and political reforms. The EU decided to promote regional cooperation under the Eastern Partnership instead of bringing the countries closer to the accession formula. The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the problem of cooperation between the Eastern partners. Major question is whether the initiative has contributed to enhancing of cooperation among the partners and if it has what tangible progress has it brought to the benefit of the whole European Neighborhood Policy.
Languages – A Tool in the Hands of Nationalists and Globalist. The current Situation in Europe
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Madej Patryk
Published: May 2022

Article „Languages – a tool in the hands of nationalists and globalists – the current situation in Europe” is going to present the current problem that appears on the Old Continent in the area of using the case of knowledge of languages to present the political situation. In the current times nationalistic tendencies are staring to be more visible – by in example rising of popularity of conservative and right-oriented parties or growing up of nationalist movements that are using xenophobic slogans. By focusing on the procedure of applying for citizenship of one of the European Union’s country, and on the position of languages in he European Union it is possible to understand some processes that are appearing in the political area. By taking into account these tendencies it is also possible to take attention on the fact of development of position of the languages in the Europe.
The Role of the Armed Forces in Security Policy. Control over the Army
Authors:   University of Szczecin, J. Piątek Jarosław
Published: May 2022

Civilian management and democratic control over the army do not only consist in establishing organs and mechanisms of control and optimising their activity. It is significant to determine and respect the role of the armed forces in the society, which would allow making the army a politically neutral instrument of legally functioning forces as well as appropriate organisational structures with strictly defined protection measures allocated to carry out the undertakings of the state and the nation. The position and function of the army in society should be based on the fact that it reflects the features of the society it comes from. In order to facilitate the effective progression of the process, the following aspects should be taken into account: in what manner the army reacts to the decisions and actions of civilian society; whether there are intermediary bodies between these spheres; to what extent the armed forces represent the interests of the society; and whether a soldier-citizen exists or if the two notions should be treated separately
The Local Dimension of Immigrant Integration Policy Based on West Pomerania Province
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Piepiora Ewa
Published: May 2022

Since Poland joined the European Community, it has been transforming from a country of emigration into an emigration-immigration one. Year by year an increase of immigrants coming to Poland has been observed, which involves the Polish government and local authorities taking actions within the implementation of migration policy. The multifaceted processes of integration take place on the levels of linguistics, culture, education, and social activation aimed at combating social exclusion of this group of Polish inhabitants.
The Migration Issue in Polish Foreign Policy under the Migration Crisis in Europe
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Podgórzańska Renata
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to analyze Polish foreign policy, its nature and instruments of implementation under the migration crisis. The migration issue is in this case the determinant of foreign policy, which verified and actuated Polish external policies in the bilateral relations, as well as in the framework of multilateral cooperation. The migration issue has also become a determinant of European policy of Poland prejudging the extent and mechanisms of Polish involvement in the solution of the migration crisis in European institutions. It should be noted that a different approach to EU policies and its activities to prevent and mitigate the effects of the influx of people on its territory is reflected in the relations between Member States, as exemplified by the Polish-German relations. The migration issue is also reflected in the activities of the Visegrad Group. Fear of the consequences of mass migration into the EU and, above all, opposition to the obligation to accept refugees based on the quota system proposed by the European Commission intensified cooperation within the Visegrad Group. From the Polish foreign policy perspective, the Visegrad Group is seen as an important entity influencing its effects.
Emerging Donors in South, South-East and East Asia
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Smolaga Mateusz
Published: May 2022

South Asia, East Asia and South-East Asia have a significant number of recipients of Official Development Assistance (ODA), including the Least Developed Countries. The importance of this part of the world in terms of global trade and geopolitics is self-evident and contributes to the reasons why major members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), including Japan and South Korea, have a clear interest in being actively engaged in development cooperation within the region. There are, however, at least five emerging donor states, also active in the region, who operate outside the framework of the DAC. The aim of the text is to provide a brief comparative analysis of the development activities of: India, the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China, Singapore and Thailand.
Permanent Presence? USA in the Security Policy of the Republic of Poland
Authors:   Institute of Political Science and European Studies, J. Piątek Jarosław
Published: May 2022

The consequence of systemic and political changes in Poland involved reorientation of Polish policy in terms of perceiving security. It was reflected in newly defined policy directions which expression involved a search for the new guarantees of security. The problem of ensuring state security in new geopolitical conditions is expressed in the adopted hierarchy of priorities of implementation of the Polish national interest. The exercise of the specified policy priorities means Poland’s obtaining a solid security basis. The Polish Army, the armed forces of the Republic of Poland, has become an element of NATO’s broad security system. The implementation of the policy in this regard by the Polish government has recently been more and more unidimensional. Only cooperation with the USA is at the target of the Polish security policy. Issues related to its costs remain outside its determinants. There is no reflection on being dependent on another egoistic player.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UM INSTRUMENTO DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE VULNERABILIDADE DIGITAL (Q-IVD) PARA ESTUDANTES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Alves Manoel Messias Santos , Ferrete Anne Alilma Silva Souza , Santos Willian Lima
Published: May 2022

O número de crianças e adolescentes que fazem uso das tecnologias digitais cada vez mais precocemente tem aumentado de forma significativa. E considerando que o uso inadequado e abusivo das tecnologias pode ser prejudicial em várias dimensões da vida humana, será apresentado e discutido neste artigo a sistematização das etapas do desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento que objetiva mensurar indicativos de vulnerabilidade digital entre estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio. A construção do Questionário de Identificação de Vulnerabilidade Digital (Q-IVD) está fundamentada na literatura, sendo escolhido o tipo de validação de conteúdo para avaliar por meio do método Delphi, o julgamento de especialistas acerca dos conteúdos presentes no instrumento. Participaram desse processo de validação um painel de especialistas composto por 26 juízes com formação e atuação nos campos da educação e saúde, e posteriormente, um grupo de estudantes que contribuíram com a análise semântica das questões. A versão final do Q-IVD contém 24 questões distribuídas em quatro categoriais, e durante o processo de validação, ficou evidenciado indícios desse instrumento ter aplicabilidade validada também para diferentes públicos, mediante aprimoramento e adaptações transculturais, para investigar correlações diversas juntamente com outros instrumentos pesquisa e análises estatísticas.
A Few Queries Go a Long Way: Information-Distortion Tradeoffs in Matching
Authors: Amanatidis Georgios , Birmpas Georgios , Filos-Ratsikas Aris , Voudouris Alexandros A.
Published: May 2022

We consider the One-Sided Matching problem, where n agents have preferences over n items, and these preferences are induced by underlying cardinal valuation functions. The goal is to match every agent to a single item so as to maximize the social welfare. Most of the related literature, however, assumes that the values of the agents are not a priori known, and only access to the ordinal preferences of the agents over the items is provided. Consequently, this incomplete information leads to loss of efficiency, which is measured by the notion of distortion. In this paper, we further assume that the agents can answer a small number of queries, allowing us partial access to their values. We study the interplay between elicited cardinal information (measured by the number of queries per agent) and distortion for One-Sided Matching, as well as a wide range of well-studied related problems. Qualitatively, our results show that with a limited number of queries, it is possible to obtain significant improvements over the classic setting, where only access to ordinal information is given.
Правовое регулирование рынка производных финансовых инструментов
Authors: Селивановский Антон
Published: May 2022

В учебнике изложены все смысловые элементы рынка производных финансовых инструментов. Выборы основных деривативных конструкций (форвард, фьючерс, опцион, своп), формы ПФИ – договоры-ПФИ и ценовые бумаги со значением деривативом, строгой и строгой ПФИ, документация по заключению, заключение генеральных оснований, применение ликвидационного неттинга. Раскрыты особенности основных групп ПФИ (товарные, валютные, процентные, кредитные, фондовые) и проблема добросовестности участников рынка. Подробно проанализированы все возможные судебные споры из-за ПФИ как в России, так и за рубежом. Учебник не теряет актуальности, несмотря на изменения финансового рынка в 2022 году: у многих российских компаний есть хеджирующие сделки, сделки ранее, Для студентов, аспирантов и юристов-юристов, специалистов-практиков в области рынков, а также для всех интересующихся данной тематикой.
Интеллектуальный капитал в разных странах мира
Authors: Ханушек Эрик , Вёссманн Людгер
Published: May 2022

В наши дни взоры политиков и исследователей направлены не столько на приобретение школьниками действительно ценных навыков, сколько на увеличение косвенных показателей. Однако именно познавательные навыки населения, которые Эрик Ханушек и Людгер Вёссманн называют «интеллектуальным капиталом» страны, имеют важнейшее значение для ее благосостояния в длительной перспективе. Гипотезы о взаимосвязях познавательных навыков (последовательно измеряемых с помощью международного оценивания школьников) и экономического роста авторы подвергают ряду проверок, включая альтернативные спецификации, различные выборки стран и эконометрический анализ причинноследственных интерпретаций. Сделанные ими выводы в равной степени применимы как к развивающимся, так и к развитым странам. Например, «загадка латиноамериканского роста» и «восточноазиатское чудо» объясняются интеллектуальным капиталом этих регионов. Авторы выступают за создание системы образования, которая обеспечивала бы эффективную подотчетность школ, широкий выбор и конкуренцию учебных заведений, а также вознаграждение учителей за высокие результаты обучения школьников. Книга адресована специалистам, занимающимся сравнительными исследованиями школьного образования, и руководителям разных уровней, определяющим образовательную политику.
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Инклюзивное обучение современному мультисенсорному искусству. Описание мастер-классов партиципаторного инклюзивного проекта
Authors:   Университет ИТМО, Джумагулова А.Ф. , Лескова Е. ,   Александринский театр
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены мастер-классы современных художников по обучению современному искусству людей с нарушениями слуха, зрения и передвижения. Некоторые мастер-классы также адаптированы для людей с интеллектуальными нарушениями. Перечислены описания мастер-классов по работе со звуковой скульптурой, по пантомиме, по созданию тактильного коллажа с использованием фототрансфера, по созданию тактильного автопортрета из полимерной глины. Описаны ольфакторно-скульптурный мастер-класс или создание обонятельных впечатлений от скульптуры, а также мастер-класс по танце-двигательному перфомансу, адаптированный для людей с разным опытом инвалидности. Проект ТАКТ изначально задумывался как инклюзивный партисипаторный и коммуникативный проект для людей с разным опытом. Художники были отобраны с помощью открытого конкурса. Мастер-классы описаны куратором проекта Еленой Лесковой совместно с художниками и специалистом в сфере коммуникации в инклюзии Аленой Джумагуловой. Мастер-классы проходили в трех мастерских проекта: телесных практик, тактильного искусства и мастерская ольфакторного искусства (искусства, созданного с помощью запахов). В статье также предложены методические рекомендации по проведению обучения искусству людей с нарушениями слуха, зрения и передвижения.
Цвет в интерфейсе
Authors:   МойОфис, Улитин К.В.
Published: May 2022

Несмотря на то, что экранные интерфейсы должны быть реализованы с учетом требований доступности и цвет должен дополняться другими способами визуализации (если говорить об эффективности, то цвет является одним из основных инструментов для кодирования и построения иерархии в дизайне пользовательских интерфейсов). Именно поэтому вопросы подбора цветов не теряют свою актуальность. В статье приводятся примеры того, как цвет используется в интерфейсе человеко-компьютерных систем. Говорится о новых моделях представления цвета, адаптированных для человеческого восприятия, таких как LCH и HSLuv. Рассказано о новом алгоритме расчета контраста APCA, вошедшего в разрабатываемую версию WCAG 3.0. Приведены инструменты для работы с цветовыми палитрами с учетом новшеств Accessible Palette и Huetone. Поднимается проблема пересечения акцентных и статусных цветов в интерфейсе, приводится пример ее решения с помощью обеспечения цветовой разницы не менее 30–40 единиц.
Divergence Across the Atlantic? US Skepticism Meets the EU and the WTO’s Appellate Body
Authors: Kerremans Bart
Published: May 2022

In 2019, the Appellate Body (AB) of the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement System (WTO-DSS) lost its quorum. Instead of the required minimum number of three members, the AB’s membership fell to one member only as the US under Donald Trump blocked the appointment of new members upon the expiry of the terms of two incumbent ones. The AB’s paralysis produced a high level of shock in the EU. In this article, we take a closer look at the US’s decision to paralyze the WTO’s AB and the EU’s reaction to it. Its point is that it will not be easy to get the US back on board as the factors that drove its decision predate the Trump era. Long before Trump, the tradeoff upon which the US based its acceptance of the WTO-DSS unraveled. For US policy makers, the EU is partly to blame for this as it undermined the system’s prompt compliance assumption. More important even is the claim that the system’s AB created new obligations for the WTO members to the point where the acceptance of some WTO rules—notably regarding trade remedies—became politically unsustainable in the US itself.
“America is Back” or “America First” and the Transatlantic Relationship
Authors: Olsen Gorm Rye
Published: May 2022

The presidency of Donald Trump represented an unprecedented low point in transatlantic relations. When Joe Biden took power in early 2021, his administration launched several policy initiatives suggesting that the new administration would continue to allow the seemingly long-term weakening of the transatlantic relationship to continue. A significant part of the literature on recent developments in transatlantic relations points in the same direction, namely that a weakening of the cooperation across the Atlantic has taken place. This article proposes an alternative view, arguing that the relationship has strengthened in recent years despite Donald Trump and his erratic policy. The article applies a theoretical framework combining international as well as domestic variables. Based on an analysis of four cases—NATO, the US pivot to Asia, the sanctions policy towards Russia, and the Afghanistan debacle—it is concluded that the transatlantic relationship is strong.
Space Security and the Transatlantic Relationship
Authors: Cross Mai'a K. Davis
Published: May 2022

Since the end of World War II, outer space has been an arena in which both high and low politics have played out, and both the US and Europe have been heavily invested. This article examines the case study of space exploration as a window into the evolving nature of the transatlantic relationship. With the US government regularly deprioritizing Europe in its foreign policy and at times taking the transatlantic relationship for granted, the author argues that transnational and non-state actors have played an important role in maintaining the stability of the alliance. In terms of space, this means that the space community—space agencies, private actors, space enthusiasts, engineers, and scientists, among others—often enable transatlantic cooperation despite initial conflictual rhetoric stemming from political leaders. Importantly, while these transnational or non-state actors tend to view space as a peaceful domain for all of humankind, governments and militaries often treat space as the next battlefield. To support this argument, the article considers two major transatlantic space developments: the US’s Space Force, which reflects a US desire to be dominant in space, and Europe’s Galileo satellite system, which reflects a European goal to have strategic autonomy from the US. The author argues that the idea that space should be a peaceful domain for all of humankind is more strongly reflected in outcomes, despite the presence of conflictual, militaristic rhetoric.
Psychological Well-Being of Modern Students: Typology and Targets of Psychological Help
Authors: Samokhvalova A.G. , Shipova N. , Tikhomirova E.V. , Vishnevskaya O.N.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The scientific discourse emphasizes the crucial role of the psychological well-being of the individual as a resource for development, coping with difficult life situations (NT Deichert, N. Krause, FA Huppert, L.A. Golovey, L.V. Miller, E.B. Laktionova, etc.). However, no attempts have been made so far to create a typology of the psychological well-being of student youth, and the targets of individual-oriented psychological assistance have not been defined depending on the typological characteristics of the well-being of students. Goal. The article presents a typology of psychological well-being, identified using factor analysis of empirical data obtained on a student sample, and correlated with the author’s model of this phenomenon. Method. The study (N = 300) was attended by respondents aged 17 to 23 years (M = 19.64; SD = 2.61). Methodical design included: I.L. Solomin, Subjective Happiness Scale S. Lubomirsky, H. Lepper, adapted by D.A. Leontyev, The Riff psychological well being scale as adapted by N.N. Lepeshinsky, Life Satisfaction Scale E. Diener, R.A. Emmons, R.J. Larsen, S. Griffin adapted by D.A. Leontyeva, E.N. Osina, test «Life-meaning orientations (LSS)» D.А. Leontyeva, Express-method «Innovation and adaptability» M. Babic, E. College, E. Davis, R. Cunningham. Results. Four types of psychological well-being are described, differing from each other in the level of activity and orientation of the subject, the specifics of social interaction and involvement in activities, the index of well-being, happiness and satisfaction with life, the value of certain areas of life. The targets of psychological assistance are given, based on the study and development of the strengths of the individual as a resource for her well-being.
Spatial Complexity Characteristics of Fault Slip from Japanese Earthquakes Based on Self-Similar Models: Comparison with Worldwide Empirical Models
Authors: Suzuki Fumino , Kato Kenichi , Watanabe Tetsushi
Published: May 2022

Earthquake source parameters, such as slip on the planes of finite faults, have spatially variable distributions, and seismic ground motions significantly fluctuate in accordance with the characteristics of complexity. The complexity of fault parameters should thus be evaluated properly. Although self-similar models consider the complexity of the fault parameters, they have not been exhaustively used to validate earthquakes that occur in Japan. In this study, for multiple earthquakes in Japan, the slip complexities of finite faults are evaluated using the self-similar model. Slip spectra are fitted using the von Karman autocorrelation function; furthermore, the Hurst exponents and correlation lengths are compared with previous studies dealing with earthquakes around the world. Differences between source types are also examined. The Hurst exponents H are unaffected by magnitude, and the difference between the source types is small. The median value of H is 0.77, which is nearly the same as the global average value indicated by Mai and Beroza (2002). The correlation lengths along-strike ax have positive correlations with magnitude; furthermore, no differences were observed between source types. The ax characteristics are nearly the same as the global average value; however, the correlation lengths down-dip ay correlates positively with magnitude. Nevertheless, there are differences for each source type. The ay characteristics have saturating trends for each source type, which is attributed to the thickness of the seismogenic layer. The moment magnitude Mw saturates at 6.3 and 8.4 for crustal and interplate earthquakes, respectively. This Mw is nearly consistent with the boundary between the first and second stages of three-stage scaling.
An Extension of Active Access-Point Configuration Algorithm to IEEE 802.11n and 11ac Dual Interfaces in Wireless Local-Area Network
Authors: Chandra Roy Sujan , Funabiki Nobuo , Ismael Munene Kwenga , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Kuribayashi Minoru
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, wireless local-area networks (WLANs) have been densely deployed in a lot of fields by different providers around the world due to license-free features. To improve the network performance under such environments, we have studied the active AP configuration algorithm of optimizing the active access points (APs) along with host associations and channel assignments. Unfortunately, it limits the APs adopting one network interface of the IEEE 802.11n protocol working at 2.4GHz. Recently, the 11ac protocol at 5GHz has also become common, which allows the dual interfaces using different frequencies to increase the transmission capacity of an AP. In this paper, we extend the AP configuration algorithm to consider dual interfaces of 11n and 11ac at the APs in WLAN. In addition to selecting the active APs, their assigned channels, and associated hosts, the network interface is assigned to each host. The two throughput estimation models are adopted to consider the throughput differences of the two protocols. For evaluating the proposal, we compare the number of active APs and throughput performances against the conventional case using one interface through simulations using the WIMNET simulator and throughput measurements using the testbed system that adopts Raspberry Pi 4B for APs. The results confirm that the proposal can reduce the number of active APs while increasing the total throughput.
Future Integrated Mobile Communication Systems — An Outlook towards 6G
Authors: Fischer Christoph , Krummacker Dennis , Berndt Maximilian , D. Schotten Hans
Published: May 2022

6G will come with a multitude of new features that will improve communication. These features will be strongly driven by Artificial Intelligence that is processing communication data and derive information. One feature that is already well discussed in the Research World is Joint Communication and Sensing. This says that along with the pure information transport the electromagnetic waves will be used to derive more information from the environment, which might be positioning information or perception of barriers. All these information will internally be used to then optimize the 6G Network with e.g., high precision beam forming or movement prediction for User Equipment. Be-side these internal optimizations, there will also be a multitude of external applications that can benefit from these information. By processing these information, external applications are capable of deriving further relevant information that can be used to integrate new management capabilities. This paper gives an outlook on the multitude of possibilities to exploit these information for various use cases, to make 6G not just another mobile communication standard but to enable an integration level for a communication technology that can be the unique selling point for 6G
Interpretability of Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Zhenlin , Li Fan , Wang Zhanliang , Wang Zhiyuan
Published: May 2022

Deep Learning achieves surprising performance in many real-world tasks. However, on a black-box approach, computational techniques have been applied without a strong critical understanding of their properties. In this paper, we review the current methodologies and techniques about improving the interpretability of Deep Learning from different research directions. Some works are based on analysis of the learning process, some lay more emphasis on interpreted network architecture, and others intend to design self-interpretable Deep Learning models. This article analyzes the popular and advanced works in these fields and provides a future look for Deep Learning researchers.
A Proposal of Job-Worker Assignment Algorithm Considering CPU Core Utilization for User-PC Computing System
Authors: Kamoyedji Ariel , Funabiki Nobuo , Htet Hein , Kuribayashi Minoru
Published: May 2022

As a low-cost high-performance master-worker-model-based computing platform for group members, we have studied the User-PC computing system (UPC). The UPC master assigns queuing jobs from users to UPC workers that use idling computing resources of members’ personal computers (PCs). In this paper, we propose a job-worker assignment algorithm to minimize the makespan, considering the number of job threads and the number of CPU cores. For evaluation of the algorithm, we conducted experiments running 72 jobs on the UPC system with six workers that have various numbers of threads and CPU cores. The schedules by the algorithm could significantly reduce the makespan compared to other algorithms.
Sarcastic Meaning of the Slightly Smiling Face Emoji from Chinese Twitter Users: When A Smiling Face Does Not Show Friendliness
Authors: Wang Shiwei
Published: May 2022

In most cultures, the Slightly Smiling Face (smiley) icon indicates friendliness and niceness. However, this SSF symbol in emoji may also indicate a negative meaning of sarcasm and irony to some Chinese social media users. This research analyses the sentiment reflected in the use of the SSF emoji as used by Chinese users on Twitter and applies quantitative methods to investigate the linguistic and social constraints of the SSF emoji's negative variable from 2016 to 2020. Results show that positive or negative emotional expression of SSF emoji is highly dependent on the content of the sentence and its context. Therefore, the SSF emoji has no semantic value as a word for expressing emotions but acts as an emotive anaphora or a modal particle. Simplified Chinese users from mainland China use the SSF emoji with a negative sense more than Traditional Chinese users from Taiwan. These differences may reflect the users’ media preference and cultural identification through the use of emoji, a global language for the digital age. Most Chinese users use a single SSF emoji, which can convey either emotion, at the end of the sentence, but when the SSF emoji is used in a repetitive manner, it is more likely to indicate a sarcastic emotion. Both variables, (single use / repetition) and Chinese types (Simplified / Traditional), significantly correlate with the use of the negative variant of the SSF emoji (p < 0.05). The change in the meaning of the SSF emoji from the expression of positive to negative sentiment demonstrates that emojis may change through time in ways similar to other forms of language.
Taxation and Innovation
Authors: Mohnen Pierre
Published: May 2022

This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the effects of tax incentives on R&D, innovation, and productivity and on the effects of the tax burden on the relocation of R&D facilities. It discusses the various costs and benefits that have to be taken into account in the computation of the effectiveness of tax incentives on innovation. The paper ends with 10 policy lessons that can be drawn from the evidence reported in the literature.
PROJETO DE VIDA DE ADOLESCENTES: UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA O SERVIÇO SOCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Fraga Cristina Kologeski , Sobrosa Lilian Marques
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo tem como tema o projeto de vida de adolescentes enquanto uma possibilidade de intervenção para o Serviço Social na Educação Básica. Essa perspectiva se baseia em uma análise crítica orientada pela teoria social marxista. Para tanto, serão abordados os aspectos históricos e os desafios à atuação do Serviço Social na Educação Básica; a questão social no contexto escolar; as particularidades da inserção do(a) assistente social no Ensino Básico; a importância de se trabalhar o projeto de vida com adolescentes em meio a um lócus privilegiado de intervenção, que é a escola; e o papel do(a) assistente social nesse processo. Logo, faz-se necessário adentrar na problemática da adolescência, bem como no papel da subjetividade nas relações sociais e no cenário adverso da pandemia do Coronavírus. Também se discorrerá acerca do espaço sócio-ocupacional de realização do estágio e o processo de aplicação do projeto de intervenção junto dos adolescentes, sob a denominação “Qual vai ser?”. Por fim, serão tecidas algumas conclusões sobre a relevância da temática, a importância da inserção profissional em escolas, os constantes retrocessos desse campo no contexto brasileiro atual e o acirramento da questão social.
Estratégias genéricas adotadas pelas startups: um estudo no mercado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Ribeiro Kelly Cristiane Coura , Costa Danilo De Melo , Roman Darlan José , Souki Gustavo Quiroga
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as estratégias genéricas adotadas pelas Startups em Minas Gerais tendo como referência cinco categorias pré-definidas: planejamento, mercado, concorrentes, produtos/serviços e parcerias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso. Neste contexto, foram entrevistados 10 sócios-proprietários de Startups de Minas Gerais utilizando um instrumento composto com 25 perguntas, em que eles demonstravam a concordância ou discordância em relação a cada uma das temáticas estudadas, através de uma escala Concordância ou Discordância de 7 pontos, e posteriormente justificavam cada uma das notas por meio de entrevistas estruturadas. Os resultados mostraram que as estratégias genéricas mais utilizadas pelas Startups pesquisadas são cinco: estratégia de oportunidade, estratégia de inovação, estratégia de adaptação, estratégia de diferenciação-produto e estratégia de diferenciação funcional. Constatou-se também que as Startups enfrentam os mesmos problemas: ambiente inseguro, dificuldade ao acesso a financiamentos, grande carga tributária e dificuldade na validação do produto e modelo de negócio. Finalmente, percebe-se que o contexto de gestão das Startups está repleto de desafios, e que a escolha das estratégias genéricas mais apropriadas poderá representar a linha tênue entre o sucesso e o fracasso, em um ambiente cada vez mais competitivo.
​Biogas Technology Practices and Opportunities in Selected Districts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Woldemichael Girma , Tadesse Abinet , Mamulo Demissie
Published: May 2022

Background: Rural households in Ethiopia are dependent on biomass for their energy needs and this exacerbates deforestation. Therefore, building small-scale biogas is one of the abating means of these challenges. The objective of this study was to assess the practices and opportunities of small-scale biogas technology in selected Districts’ Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods: To achieve this objective, fifty-six informants were selected from the seven districts of Hadiya Zone, semi-structured questionnaires and field observations were used as the instruments to collect the data. Result: This survey revealed that small-scale biogas technology in the study area is recent and it needs certain requirements for its construction and due to the stopped feeding, most of the biogas plants were non-functional. Despite this, the presence of many cattle and optimum climate are among the essential opportunities to expand biogas distribution in the study area. Therefore, farmers and the concerned stakeholders should use the available opportunity to maximize the distribution of biogas technology in the study area.
Critical Research and Qualitative Methodologies: Theoretical Foundations and Contribution to Nursing Research
Authors: Paradis-Gagné Etienne , Pariseau-Legault Pierre
Published: May 2022

Background: Methodological approaches that draw on critical perspectives (critical ethnography, critical phenomenology, and critical grounded theory) share common concepts, including social justice, reflexivity, positionality, pragmatism and social transformation. These approaches differ from conventional phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory despite sharing common methodological grounds.

Purpose: In this article, we will outline the major contributions of critical theory, as a research paradigm, to the development and evolution of qualitative methodologies. In particular, we will discuss their application to nursing research. The historical and conceptual underpinnings of these critical methodologies will first be described to highlight their paradigmatic characteristics and implications for nursing.

Implications for Practice: Although not yet widely employed in nursing research, critical qualitative methodologies are particularly well suited to the discipline as they shed light on issues of power, social control, and marginalization among the vulnerable populations with whom nurses practise on a daily basis. The use of critical approaches can expose the epistemic injustice and social and health inequality that continue to prevail in our society.
Palm Oil Solid Waste an Alternatif as an Energy Source of Electricity generation in The South West of Aceh (Barsela)
Authors: Agustiar
Published: May 2022

Sumber energi listrik berasal dari limbah kelapa sawit telah berhasil dikembangkan sebagai energi terbarukan pengganti energi fosil. Besarnya potensi energi limbah cukup baik dan berpotensi mengurangi jumlah biodiesel pada proses pengolahan kelapa sawit,  ketersediaan energi, dan limbah kelapa sawit tersedia. Potensi energi dihasilkan cukup baik dari segi kuantitas, mengurangi penggunaan biodiesel untuk pengolahan kelapa sawit. Limbah padat kelapa sawit memiliki kapasitas, kuantitas pengganti energi solar (minyak bumi) dalam proses pengolahan di pabrik kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ketersediaan energi listrik biomassa limbah kelapa sawit.  Potensi energi listrik limbah padat di wilayah Aceh Jaya, Aceh Barat dan Nagan Raya menunjukkan surplus energi berturut turut 32,479.139 GW, 559,506.094 GW dan 4,470,241.985 GW. Untuk kebutuhan PKS di tiap perusahaan sebesar 0.75%, 67% dan 85.19%. Potensi ini dapat menyerap kebutuhan energi listrik di wilayah Barsela terhadap nilai potensi energi listrik limbah padat yang dihasilkan untuk kawasan dan peruntukkan Aceh keseluruhan mensuplai energi listrik melalui Sumbagut. Hal ini didukung adanya terkait pengelolaan limbah sawit secara terpadu dan terorganisasi secara baik terutama di kawasan pabrik sawit di Barat Selatan Aceh (Barsela), menunjukkan bahwa potensi energi listrik yang akan dihasilkan sangat bergantung pada kapasitas dan waktu produksi serta limbah biomasa.
Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Iklim Mikro Pada Plant Factory Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: -- Ardiansyah -- , Nur Rahmaan Ikhsan , Sumarni Eni , Hardanto Afik
Published: May 2022

Jumlah penduduk Indonesia tiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi pemukiman penduduk. Hal ini menyebabkan produktivitas tanaman pertanian Indonesia mengalami penurunan. Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan plant factory. Plant factory merupakan cara menumbuhkan tanaman dalam lingkungan yang terkendali. Pada plant factory perlu dilakukan monitoring dan kontrol iklim mikro untuk mencapai kondisi iklim mikro yang ideal bagi tanaman. Data iklim mikro dapat dimonitoring secara online dengan memanfaatkan internet of things, sehingga mendapatkan data iklim mikro terbaru dengan lebih cepat (realtime). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem monitoring dan kontrol iklim mikro berbasis internet of things menggunakan mikrokontroler, serta menganalisis kinerja sistem kontrol dalam mempertahankan kondisi iklim mikro yang optimal. Penelitian dilakukan dalam empat tahap, yaitu perancangan skema sistem kontrol, perancangan perangkat lunak, perancangan perangkat keras, serta tahap analisis data. Data iklim mikro yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan membandingkan data aktual dengan set point. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada running 1 didapat suhu rata-rata sekitar 26,58 oC dan kelembapan rata-rata sekitar 76,22% sedangkan setpoint berada di angka 27 oC dan 75 %. Pada running 2 didapat suhu rata-rata sekitar 25,82 oC dan kelembapan rata-rata sekitar 61,58% sedangkan setpoint berada di 26 oC dan 60 %.