Le Sentiment De CulpabilitÃ© Chez Les Infirmiers Face Ã€ La Mort De Patients Au CHU Habib Bourguiba Et CHU Hadi Chaker De Sfax (Ã‰tude Descriptive CorrÃ©lationnelle)
Authors: Galaa Telelaz , Feki Ines , Masmoudi Jawaher 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Le mÃ©tier dâ€™infirmier implique une confrontation quasi rÃ©guliÃ¨re Ã  la morbiditÃ©. Cette confrontation, quâ€™elle soit occasionnelle ou frÃ©quente, constitue un vÃ©cu trop souvent marginalisÃ© est encore trop souvent passÃ©e sous silence (Saada et al., 2011). Son indÃ©lÃ©bilitÃ© sur le vÃ©cu du professionnel est toutefois une rÃ©alitÃ©. Elle laisse cependant son empreinte dans le parcours de ces acteurs. En effet, confrontÃ© Ã  la mort de son patient, le professionnel de soins infirmiers peut ressentir une certaine culpabilitÃ©, du fait dâ€™une nonchalance perÃ§ue, ce sentiment incontrÃ´lable et insupportable influe nÃ©gativement sur sa vie et son travail ce vÃ©cu devient handicapant aussi bien sur le plan professionnellement quâ€™en terme de vie privÃ©e.
Objectif.  Cet article cherche Ã  explorer et Ã©valuer les relations entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© et les diffÃ©rents facteurs sociodÃ©mographiques (genre, Ã¢ge, niveau dâ€™Ã©tude, Ã©tat civil, anciennetÃ©, nombre de dÃ©cÃ¨s) au sein des professionnels de soins infirmiers de lâ€™HÃ´pital de Sfax, les hypothÃ¨ses de la recherche stipulent :
HypothÃ¨se gÃ©nÃ©rale :
-           Il existe un lien entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© chez les infirmiers et leurs facteurs sociodÃ©mographiques face Ã  la mort des patients.
HypothÃ¨ses spÃ©cifiques :
-           Il y a un lien entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© et le sexe chez les infirmiers
-           Il existe un lien entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© chez les infirmiers et leur Ã¢ge.
-           Le niveau dâ€™Ã©tude constitue un indicateur de dÃ©veloppement du sentiment de culpabilitÃ© chez les infirmiers.
-           Il existe un lien entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© des infirmiers participants et leurs nombres de dÃ©cÃ¨s des patients sous leurs charges.
MÃ©thode. En se basant sur lâ€™inventaire de culpabilitÃ© ou Guilt Inventory Scale de Jones et al (2000), cette Ã©tude de devis descriptif-corrÃ©lationnel fut effectuÃ©e sur un Ã©chantillon de 131 infirmiers tous genres confondus, dont lâ€™Ã¢ge moyen est de 32.9 ans. Lâ€™avantage de lâ€™outil empruntÃ©, est quâ€™il offre un score global portant sur le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© Ã  mesurer en plus dâ€™apporter une Ã©valuation sur les trois dimensions considÃ©rÃ©es Ã  savoir lâ€™Ã©tat, le trait ainsi que les normes morales, ce qui est considÃ©rable en termes dâ€™exactitude compte tenu de lâ€™objet Ã©tudiÃ©.    
RÃ©sultats. Lâ€™un des rÃ©sultats les plus saillants, est que 76% (n =99) ont exprimÃ© une forte intensitÃ© de sentiment de culpabilitÃ©. Les rÃ©sultats ont montrÃ© une corrÃ©lation positive entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ© et les facteurs suivants : lâ€™Ã¢ge, le niveau dâ€™Ã©tude, lâ€™anciennetÃ© et le nombre de dÃ©cÃ¨s. En revanches, une indÃ©pendance a Ã©tÃ© remarquÃ©e entre le sentiment de culpabilitÃ©, le sexe des participants.
Conclusion. En conclusion, les rÃ©sultats de cette Ã©tude tÃ©moignent que le sentiment de culpabilitÃ©, tel quâ€™Ã©valuÃ© par la Guilt Inventory Scale, est trÃ¨s Ã©levÃ© et en corrÃ©lation avec les facteurs ; Ã¢ge, niveau dâ€™instruction, anciennetÃ© au travail, nombre de dÃ©cÃ¨s. Il serait recommandÃ© de prendre en considÃ©ration ces rÃ©sultats et venir en aide aux infirmiers par une prÃ©paration psychologique Ã  la mort dâ€™un patient afin de ne pas Ãªtre victime dâ€™une dÃ©pression ou un autre trouble.
Introduction. The nursing profession involves an almost regular encounter with morbidity. This confrontation, whether occasional or frequent, is too often a marginalized experience and is still too often overlooked (Saada et al., 2011). Its indelibility on the professional experience is however a reality. However, it leaves its mark on the career of these actors. Indeed, faced with the death of his patient, the nursing professional may feel certain guilt, due to a perceived nonchalance. This uncontrollable and unbearable feeling has a negative influence on his life and his work. This experience becomes disabling as well on the plan professionally than in terms of privacy.
Objective. This article seeks to explore and assess the relationships between the feeling of guilt and the various sociodemographic factors (gender, age, level of education, marital status, seniority, number of deaths) among nursing professionals at the Hospital of Sfax, the research hypotheses state :
General hypothesis:
- There is a causal effect between the feeling of guilt among nurses and their socio-demographic factors in the face of patient death.
Specific hypothesis:
- There is a link between feelings of guilt and sex in nurses
- There is a link between feelings of guilt in nurses and their age.
- The level of education is an indicator of the development of feelings of guilt among nurses.
- There is a link between the feeling of guilt of the participating nurses and their numbers of deaths of the patients under their charge.
Method. Based on the Guilt Inventory Scale of Jones & al (2000), this descriptive-correlational design study was performed on a sample of 131 nurses of all genders, with an average age of 32.9 years. The advantage of the borrowed tool is that it offers an overall score relating to the feeling of guilt to be measured in addition to providing an evaluation on the three dimensions considered, namely the state, the trait as well as the moral standards, which is considerable in terms of accuracy given the object studied.
Results. One of the most salient results is that 76% (n = 99) expressed a strong sense of guilt. The results showed a positive correlation between feelings of guilt and the following factors: age, level of education, seniority and number of deaths. On the other hand, an independence was noticed between the feeling of guilt, the sex of the participants.
Conclusion. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the feeling of guilt, as assessed by the Guilt Inventory Scale, is very high and correlates with the factors of age, level of education, length of service at work, number of deaths. It would be advisable to take these results into consideration and help nurses with psychological preparation for the death of a patient so as not to be a victim of depression or another disorder.