bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omentin-1 May Be One Treatment Factor for Intravenous Thrombolysis of Acute Cerebral Infarction Through the Inhibition of NLRP3 Ubiquitination by AMPK Function: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Xu Junjiao , Huang Shiren
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is a common neurological disease that is associated with high morbidity, disability and mortality rates. At present, antiplatelet therapy is a necessary treatment for ACI. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on the intravenous thrombolysis of ACI.

Objective:

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on the intravenous thrombolysis of ACI.

Material and Methods:

The mouse model of ACI was induced using male C57BL/6 mice through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Meanwhile, the murine BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with 0.1 mg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then induced with 2 mM of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Results:

The omentin-1 mRNA expression in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis for ACI was down-regulated compared with the normal group. Additionally, the serum level of omentin-1 was negatively correlated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or serum level of IL-1β or MMP-2 in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis for ACI. Meanwhile, the serum mRNA expression of omentin-1 was positively correlated with Barthel index or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis for ACI. As observed from the in vitro model, Omentin-1 reduced inflammation, promoted cell growth, alleviated ROS-induced oxidative stress, and enhanced AMPK activity through activating NLRP3 ubiquitination. Omentin-1 presented ACI in the mouse model of ACI. Regulating AMPK activity contributed to controlling the effects of Omentin-1 on the in vitro model.

Conclusions:

Omentin-1 reduced neuroinflammation and ROS-induced oxidative stress in the mouse model of ACI, which was achieved by inhibiting NLRP3 ubiquitination through regulating AMPK activity. Therefore, omentin-1 may serve as a treatment factor for the intravenous thrombolysis of ACI in further clinical application.
Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Kayalar Ali E , Ozlu Eylem B K , Etli Mustafa U , Calisaneller Arif T
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim:

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) refers to intracranial hemorrhages frequently caused by minor head trauma and is mostly seen in middle and advanced age. One of the hypotheses regarding the development of CSH is that the inflammatory cascade plays a pivotal role in this process.

Materials and Methods:

The inclusion criteria covered patients in all ages who were diagnosed as CSH by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging and treated by surgical intervention in our clinic between 2018 and 2020. Patient files were reviewed retrospectively, and medical records of age, gender, trauma history, unilateral or bilateral lesion, and leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, and platelet counts were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for the most appropriate neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and age discrimination in the presence of CSH, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effect of independent factors on dependent variables.

Results:

A total of 68 cases, 57 (83.8%) male and 11 (16.2%) female, aged between 13 and 93, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 72.59 ± 13.13 years. NLR of the cases ranged from 1.37 to 34.18, with a mean of 6.53 ± 6.74 and a median of 3.57. NLR and PLR were found to be statistically significantly higher in CSH patients compared to the healthy control group, and the cut-off values for NLR, PLR, and age were 2.8, 132, and 55, respectively. Age and NLR were found to be independent factors associated with CSH (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

As seen from the results of this study, peripheral blood values in CSH patients may be significantly higher than in the healthy control group, while they are below the normal laboratory cut-off values.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Levetiracetam in Different Trimesters of Pregnant Women with Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kumaravel J , Sarma Phulen , Suri Vanita , Singh Parampreet , Prakash Ajay , Medhi Bikash
Published: May 2024

Background:

Levetiracetam is the most commonly used antiepileptic drug in pregnant women due to its low teratogenic risk profile, favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, and safety profile. Serum levels of levetiracetam vary in epilepsy during pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the serum levels of levetiracetam during different trimesters of pregnancy by using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Materials and Methods:

This was a single-center, prospective study. Pregnant women with epilepsy on levetiracetam were enrolled after getting written informed consent from them. Serum trough levels of levetiracetam were estimated at all trimesters by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results:

The study included 16 participants with mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 27.75 ± 4 years. There were nine (56.2%) participants with generalized seizure disorder and seven (43.8%) participants of focal seizure disorder. Among 16 patients, 10 (62.5%) participants were on levetiracetam alone and six (37.5%) participants were on levetiracetam combined with other antiepileptic drugs. In a total of 48 trough samples, 45 sample concentrations were below the therapeutic range of 12–46 mg/l and three sample concentrations were within the therapeutic range. There was a statistically significant difference in the concentration–dose ratio (CDR) of levetiracetam between the third and first trimesters (P-value 0.018).

Conclusion:

There was a statistically significant difference in serum levetiracetam concentration between the third and first trimesters. A well-conducted, intensive pharmacokinetic sampling study in PWWE with a control group is needed in future to evaluate the whole pharmacokinetic profile of levetiracetam and to correlate the clinical outcome.
Cervicomedullary Compression in Achondroplasia: A Feared Complication and an Unforeseen Risk Factor of Posterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Shaik Reshma S , Manorenj Sandhya , Marapaka Sravan K
Published: May 2024

Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder with defect in the ossification of the cartilage of long bones. Many bony abnormalities constitute its clinical features, with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies being one of most common issues which need to be addressed at the earliest. CVJ anomalies in individuals may cause neurovascular compression, which may warrant an early surgery to prevent catastrophic complications. Posterior circulation strokes secondary to CVJ anomalies are well known. We hereby present an unusual case of posterior circulation stroke in an achondroplastic dwarf who presented to our tertiary care centre. Prospective case study. The present case adds to the existing literature about one of the preventable causes of fatal posterior circulation strokes in the young. A high index of suspicion for neurovascular compression at the foramen magnum and early initiation of treatment in achondroplastic young individuals may have gratifying results.
Evaluation of Infantile Brachial Plexopathy Using 3T MRI and High-Resolution Ultrasound: Experience From a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Ramachandran Anupama , Jana Manisha , Kumar Atin , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Naranje Priyanka , Gupta Arun Kumar , Gulati Sheffali , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Singhal Maneesh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Currently, clinical assessment is the main tool for the evaluation of brachial plexus injury, complemented by electrophysiologic studies (EPS), and imaging studies whenever available. Imaging plays an important role as it enables the differentiation of pre-ganglionic and postganglionic injuries, and adds objectivity to presurgical evaluation.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution ultrasonography (USG) in the localization and characterization of brachial plexus injury in infants.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective study, 34 infants with signs and symptoms of brachial plexus injury were evaluated by clinical examination, EPS, MRI, and USG. Imaging findings were correlated with intraoperative findings in infants who underwent surgical management. The association between EPS and MRI findings, and USG and MRI findings were assessed using Fisher’s exact test. Semi-quantitative subjective analysis of various MRI sequences was done as well.

Results:

The most common findings of preganglionic injury and postganglionic injury, in our study, were pseudomeningocele and nerve thickening, respectively. MRI detection of injuries had a significant association with EPS findings. All MRI-detected injuries had a muscle power of grade 3 or less. muscle. Three-dimensional (3D) short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence was found to be superior for detecting postganglionic injuries (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Imaging studies enable localization of the site of injury, determining the extent, and nature/morphology of injury. The gamut of findings obtained from MRI is far wider compared to that from USG. USG can be used as the first-line screening investigation.
Snakebite-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Bonilla-Aldana Jorge Luis , Ulloque-Badaracco Juan R. , Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Hernandez-Bustamante Enrique A. , Alarcon-Braga Esteban A. , Siddiq Abdelmonem , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Luna Camila , Suarez Jose A.
Published: May 2024

Snakebites still constitute a significant public health problem in developing countries and are considered a neglected tropical condition by the WHO. Snake accidents are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and may produce secondary complications, such as severe infections. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of snakebite infections and characterize the bacteria isolated from these infections. A systematic literature review in five databases was carried out to assess the prevalence of snakebite infection. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs. Cochran’s Q test and the I2 statistic were used to assess between-study heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of infection due to snakebite was 27.0% (95% CI: 22.0–32.0%), with high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 99.7%). The prevalence was higher in Asia (32%) than in the Americas (21%). Snakebite infections required surgical interventions in 68% (95% CI: 37.0–98.0%). The leading group of pathogens identified corresponded to Gram-negative bacteria (63%), particularly Morganella morganii (32%), but also, Gram-positive cocci (40%), especially Enterococcus spp. (23%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15%). However, multiple other pathogens, including anaerobes, were found. A high prevalence of snakebite-associated infection has been described, primarily due to M. morganii, with the corresponding implications for empirical therapy. Rational use of antimicrobials is recommended, and this should guide initial empirical treatment. Moreover, isolation and identification of the possible bacteria present in snakebite wounds is recommended in all cases to confirm or rule out associated infection.
A Virtual Calibration Strategy and Its Validation for Large-Scale
Models of Multi-Sheet Self-Piercing Rivet Connections
Authors: André Victor , Costas Miguel , Langseth Magnus , Morin David
Published: May 2024

This article presents a strategy for the virtual calibration of a large-scale
model representing a self-piercing rivet (SPR) connection. The connection is
formed between a stack of three AA6016-T4 aluminum sheets and one SPR. The
calibration process involves material characterization, a detailed riveting
process simulation, virtual joint unit tests, and the final large-scale model
calibration. The virtual tests were simulated by detailed solid element FE
models of the joint unit. These detailed models were validated using
experimental tests, namely peeling, single-lap joint, and cross-tests. The
virtual parameter calibration was compared to the experimental calibration and
finally applied to component test simulations. The article contains both
experiments and numerical models to characterize the mechanical behavior of the
SPR connection under large deformation and failure.
Marco para evaluar la instrumentación de la transparencia y rendición de cuentas en las Instituciones de Educación Superior en México.
Authors: Cárdenas Rodríguez Karina
Published: May 2024

El presente ejercicio tuvo como objetivo definir un marco para evaluar a las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en la instrumentación de la transparencia y rendición de cuentas, el resultado fue un conjunto de siete categorías y 52 indicadores que se asocian a cómo las instituciones pueden instrumentar este tipo de políticas. La metodología mixta y alcance descriptivo, se basó en revisión bibliográfica y documental, validación de expertos, especialistas y usuarios de una IES del país. Las conclusiones se orientan a la necesidad de clarificar y sumar estrategias de esta naturaleza que promuevan que las instituciones no se limiten a cumplir con el mínimo establecido por la ley, sino que emprendan acciones mucho más proactivas y eficaces.
Toward an Identity for the Field of Doctoral Education in Health Sciences
Authors: Cathers Lauretta , Fogarty Kieran , Goodfellow Lynda T. , Gunther Christina B. , Henry Beverly W. , Kuperman Douglas A. , Santurri Laura , Zipp G.
Published: May 2024

The Association of Doctoral Programs in Health Sciences (ADPHS) was informally established in November 2019, officially incorporated in August 2021, and is currently a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization comprised of the directors of member doctoral programs of health sciences. The ADPHS grew from informal discussions among program directors who agreed that a major problem in the field of doctoral education in health sciences was the lack of a clearly defined and easily articulable identity. The discussions led to the drafting of an informal and nonscientific survey used to help clarify the current health sciences education environment, relevant emerging trends, and the educational philosophies adopted by the directors of health sciences doctoral programs nationally. The results of the survey and follow-up discussions revealed a strong consensus among program directors that the field of doctorate education in health sciences is uniformly characterized by its interdisciplinary nature. In this position paper, we provide the rationale for the formal position of the ADPHS that the identity of the field of doctoral education in health sciences is based on its interdisciplinary approach to education.
Mechanical characterisation of polylactic acid-alendronate bioscrew in different concentrations of glutaraldehyde
Authors: Samirah  , Yasmin Nadea Kalila , Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Ratri Dinda Monika Nusantara , Fauziyah Ani Nurul , Aryani Toetik , Shinta Dewi Wara
Published: May 2024

Background: Bioscrew is a developing innovation as a substitute to avoid re-surgery for screw removal; one of the bioscrew materials is polylactic acid (PLA). Alendronate plays a role in reducing osteoclastic activity, causing a decrease in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, thereby accelerating the process of bone union.
Objective: This study determines adding various glutaraldehyde concentrations to the bioscrew mechanical characteristics.
Method: This study used the PLA bioscrew immersed into bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA)-gelatin (GEL)-alendronate (ALE) solution, then added with 0% (F1), 1% (F2), and 1,5% (F3) glutaraldehyde (GTA) as cross-link agent.
Result: The pore diameter for F1, F2, and F3 were: 38.90±15.34; 29.01±8.94; and 30.58±7.40 μm, respectively. The flexural strength for F1, F2, and F3 were: 1.00±0.22, 1.18±0.13, and 1.11±0.16 MPa, respectively. The pull-out strength for F1, F2, and F3 were: 4.88 ± 0.79; 7.87 ± 0.24; and 7.65±1.02 N, respectively. The degradation rate for F1, F2, and F3 were: 14.40±2.08; 3.81±0.67; and 4.97±0.58 %, respectively. This study has found that glutaraldehyde concentrations significantly affect pull-out strength and degradation rate. The highest mechanical strength and slowest degradation rate for % weight loss was F2.
Conclusion: Adding glutaraldehyde may enhance the mechanical characteristics of the bioscrew.
An in silico study of the effects of chemical compounds in Petiveria alliacea leaf extract on inflammatory mediators
Authors: Fatimah Nurmawati , Mustika Arifa , Sudjarwo Sri Agus , Fahruddin Ahmad Cholifa , Anjarwati Lutfiah
Published: May 2024

Background: Petiveria alliacea (P. alliacea) is a botanical species renowned for its bioactive compounds and is utilised for medicinal purposes worldwide. In Southwestern Nigeria, P. alliacea finds common application in herbal medicine to address diverse ailments, including diabetes due to chronic inflammation.
Objective: This study investigates the drug-like molecular properties of chemical compounds in P. alliacea, targeting the interleukin one receptor (IL1R) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha receptor (TNFAR).
Method: The target binding of the P. alliacea chemical compounds was evaluated through drug-likeness tests on the SCFBIO server. All compounds found in P. alliacea adhere to Lipinski’s Rule of Five, classifying them as drug-like molecules. Employing molecular docking simulations on PyRx v9.9.0, the interaction dynamics between P. alliacea ligands and IL1R and TNFAR were simulated.
Result: Among the compounds found in P. alliacea, namely astilbin and isoarborinol, emerge as potential candidates for IL1R and TNFAR protein inhibitors due to their notably elevated negative binding affinity values and involve Van der Waals, hydrogen and alkyl bond interactions. Then, a response was elicited that was marked by diminished oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity.
Conclusion: P. alliacea has the potential to inhibit proinflammatory proteins, such as IL1R and TNFAR, due to its content, namely astilbin and isoarborinol.
In silico approach of Garcinia mangostana and Ortosiphon stamineus to restore adipokines level as drug candidate for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Indiastuti Danti Nur , Salsabila Nada , Tazkira Bellinda Zalzabillah , Mustika Arifa , Suharjono  , Sukardiman
Published: May 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic disorders due to dysfunctional adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes many pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Garcinia mangostana and Orthosiphon stamineus have demonstrated various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemia, antiobesity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: This study aimed to analyse the interaction of phytochemical compounds from Garcinia mangostana and Orthosiphon stamineus in decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines.
Method: This research is an in silico study of phytochemical compounds from Garcinia mangostana and Orthosiphon stamineus retrieved from PubChem and HMDB. Adipokines as target proteins were obtained from RCSB and UniProt.
Result: Mangostanin, mangostanol, and mangostinone from Garcinia mangostana, as well as ladanein, salveginin, sinensetin, and rosmarinic acid from Orthosiphon stamineus, exhibited stable molecular complexes compared to other compounds.
Conclusion: Phytochemical compounds from Garcinia mangostana and Orthosiphon stamineus show potential as candidates for metabolic syndrome drugs by restoring adipokine levels. However, further research is still needed.
An evaluation of the validity and reliability of the tuberculosis patient knowledge questionnaire
Authors: Ulandari Syaripah , Rahem Abdul , Priyandani Yuni
Published: May 2024

Background:  Poor knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) patients on tuberculosis affects adherence. It is necessary to measure patient awareness of the disease and treatment to assess the extent to which patients know about the disease and its treatment. A good questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability. Currently, some studies need to show the validity process of the TB knowledge questionnaire directly.    
Objective: To measure the validity and reliability of the tuberculosis patient knowledge questionnaire.
Method: Accidental sampling was used in the research approach. By comparing the corrected item-total item values, the construct validity and reliability of the final knowledge questionnaire were evaluated. Additionally, an internal consistency test with an alpha coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) was used to assess the questionnaire’s reliability.
Result: A total of 93 respondents were picked from different Bengkulu healthcare centers. The validity test results indicate the corrected item-total item > 0.30. According to the findings of the reliability test, Cronbach's alpha > 0.60 throughout.    
Conclusion: This study proves the validity and reliability of the knowledge questionnaire as a tool for measuring knowledge.
Effect of heating temperature on citric acid-locust bean gum synthesis
Authors: Hadinugroho Wuryanto , Winarko Stephanie Florencia , Sinta Echa Imanuela , Esar Senny Yesery , Prasetyo Jefri
Published: May 2024

Background: Citric acid-locust bean gum (CA-LBG) is a derivative of locust bean gum. Its synthesis has been carried out previously using UV light as an energy source. Heat is an alternative energy source that is simple and affordable.
Objective: To determine the effect of temperature on the synthesis of CA-LBG.
Method: The synthesis of CA-LBG was achieved through the esterification process of citric acid (CA), locust bean gum (LBG), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and water bath. The temperatures used were 20oC, 40oC, 60oC, and 80oC for 30 minutes. CA-LBG was synthesised chemically and physically.
Result: At 20oC, the viscosity of the mucilago was high, so mucilago was difficult to precipitate. At 80, the viscosity of the mucilago was very low, which affected the precipitation and denaturation process. The temperatures reported for further synthesis were 40°C and 60°C. FTIR spectra showed carbonyl ester as a specific group at 40°C (1738.6 cm-1) and 60°C (1735.1 cm-1). Evaluation of the effect of 40°C and 60°C heating on the swelling index was 3.09% and 3.15%; pH was 4.82 and 4.88; and yield was 39.76% and 37.18%, respectively.
Conclusion: The higher temperature increased the UV wavelength, Mp, pH, and swelling index and decreased the yield.
Analysis of drug-related problems in the home medication review practice by the master of pharmacy students
Authors: Ningrum Vitarani Dwi Ananda , Putra Adib Samudra , Panggabean Lusiana Rahmadiyah , Pratiwi Martania , Zainudin M. Yusuf , Toyyibah Sarah Kulsum , Khoiroh Ulyatul , Mahendra Andika Dwi , Puspitasari Mitha Dwi , Dewi Rusmina Iswanti Kumala
Published: May 2024

Background: Master’s students are required to perform community service (CS), so a strategy is needed to merge CS into a course and make it a learning method that can be sustainably evaluated.
Objective: This study aimed to analyse patients’ problems in using, storing, and disposing of drugs through home medication review (HMR) by master’s students of pharmacy. Subjective self-assessment assesses students’ performance in fulfilling the relevant competencies.
Method: This cross-sectional study, conducted for four months, involved 225 patients living near the students’ residences. Semi-structured interviews collected data on subject characteristics and how the patients/family members managed drugs at home.
Result: Nine master’s students practised HMR to achieve the learning outcomes of the pharmaceutical care course. The most commonly identified drug-related problems (DRPs) were inappropriate timing or dosing interval (41.2%) and medication nonadherence (25%). Some patients (31.6%) stored drugs without adherence to the provisions, and 70.2% disposed of drugs directly in the trash can. Meanwhile, 88.9% of students strongly agreed that HMR could improve their ability to gather patient data and information.
Conclusion: HMR is an excellent patient-oriented practice for master’s students to strengthen and refine their awareness of community needs regarding drug use and management by patients at home.
Evaluation of drug related problems among hospitalised elderly patients at a secondary hospital in East Borneo
Authors: Ayu Welinda Dyah , Zairina Elida , Athiyah Umi
Published: May 2024

Background: The elderly population often requires increased drug intake (polypharmacy) due to diminished organ function, particularly in the liver and kidneys, responsible for processing medications. Identifying drug-related problems (DRPs) in this demographic is crucial for mitigating morbidity, mortality, and overall drug therapy costs.
Objective: This study aimed to identify DRPs and their determinants in hospitalised geriatric patients.
Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted in the Secondary Hospital in East Borneo from January 2019 - December 2021. Data were collected from medication charts, including patients aged 60-79, medical progress notes, and laboratories. DRPs were identified and classified using Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe’s (PCNE) classification V9.0.
Results: Of the 614 included patients, 79% were aged 60-69 years, 56.0% were male, and 73% were prescribed ≥ five medications. DRPs were identified in 75.2% of patients, primarily related to treatment effectiveness (27.19%) and treatment safety (53.42%). Causes included inappropriate monitoring (14.5%), improper drug combinations (51.79%), excessive drug dosage (16.61%), and inadequate drug dosage (13.51%).
Conclusion: The high frequency of DRPs, specifically concerning treatment effectiveness and safety, highlights the need for enhanced monitoring and prescribing procedures, contributing to preventing and treating future DRPs in the elderly population.
Chronic intake of energy drinks affects changes in kidney function biomarkers in a diabetes mellitus animal model
Authors: Rahmadi Mahardian , Izzah Zamrotul , Nurhan Ahmad Dzulfikri , Suharjono Suharjono
Published: May 2024

Background: Energy drinks are a food supplement consisting of multivitamins, macronutrients, taurine, and caffeine. Their excessive consumption is suspected to be a risk factor for chronic kidney failure.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of energy drinks on kidney function in rat models with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Method: Thirty-two experimental male Wistar rats were injected with alloxan 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally to induce DM and then randomly divided into four groups. The positive control group was treated with drinking water. ED1, ED2, and ED3 groups were respectively treated with energy drinks coded EDK, EDH, and EDE, with a dose equivalent to caffeine 25 mg/kg twice a day for 15 days. All energy drinks used are distributed in the Asian region, especially in Southeast Asia. Urinalysis, haematology, and kidney histopathology evaluations were carried out.
Result: Energy drinks affect BUN, serum creatinine, sodium, and potassium. In the histopathological observation of kidney tissue, there was a significant difference in the value of damage between the control group and the ED3 group.
Conclusion: Energy drinks significantly increase the risk of impaired kidney function in diabetes mellitus rat models.
Hydrogen bond analysis of the p-coumaric acid-nicotinamide cocrystal using the DFT and AIM method
Authors: Pujiono Fery Eko , Setyawan Dwi , Ekowati Juni
Published: May 2024

Background: The molecular geometric structure of p-coumaric acid-nicotinamide has been optimised using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Atom In Molecule (AIM).    
Objective: To analyse the hydrogen bond of the p-coumaric acid–nicotinamide cocrystal.    
Method: Structural optimisation using DFT was carried out on the basis set B3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p). The electron density topology from the optimisation results obtained was then validated using the Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) method.    
Result: Optimisation results showed that there are intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the carbonyl group of p-coumaric acid and the amine group of nicotinamide, namely C1=O11∙∙∙O34 with length 1.804 Å. On the other hand, the results of the topology test with AIM showed a value of ∇2ρ = 0.1196 a.u; G = 0.0393 a.u; H = 0.0946 a.u; V = -0.0488 a.u which means there was an intermolecular Hydrogen bond with EH∙∙∙O = -64.05 a.u.    
Conclusion: A hydrogen bond in the cocrystal of p-coumaric acid-nicotinamide is classified as an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the carbonyl group of p-coumaric acid and the amine group in the carboxyl group.
Design of acyl salicylic acid derivates as COX-1 inhibitors using QSAR approach, molecular docking and QSPR analysis
Authors: Diyah Nuzul Wahyuning , Ainurrizma Dhea Ananda , Pebrianti Denayu
Published: May 2024

Background: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), widely used as an antiplatelet agent, is more likely to inhibit COX-1. Along with discovering the cardioprotective role of COX-1 in controlling platelet aggregation, it is important to develop a selective COX-1 inhibitor.
Objective: This study aims to design acyl salicylic acid derivatives intended as COX-1 inhibitors.
Method: Fourteen derivatives (AcS1-14) were subjected to a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study, and 31 QSAR models were obtained using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Molecular docking was performed on COX-1 (PDB. 1PTH) using the Molecular Orbital Environment (MOE) program ver2022.02, and QSPR analysis was conducted to ascertain the contribution of physicochemical descriptors to the free energy score (S) of ligand-receptor complexes.
Results: The QSAR-Hansch model predicted hydrophobicity (LogP) and molecular energy (Etotal) and contributed to pain inhibitory action. All derivatives displayed higher in silico affinity than aspirin (S= -4.33±0.00 kcal/mol), and compound AcS7 afforded the highest (S= -5.32 kcal/mol). In QSPR, Etotal also revealed a positive contribution to the affinity. AcS1, AcS2, AcS5, AcS7, and AcS8 expressed higher drug-like properties than aspirin.
Conclusion: Derivatives with optimum hydrophobicity and high energy would generate potent COX-1 inhibition. The five selected compounds were recommended to be developed as drug candidates for COX-1 inhibitors.
Determination of Optimum Irrigation Scheduling for Onion (Allium Cepa L.) at Bena Tsemay District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Madebo Medhin , Mugoro Tadesse
Published: May 2024

The effective use of irrigation methods is crucial for increasing crop productivity and promoting thesustainable use of agricultural land. Therefore, increasing agricultural water productivity is one of the most importantways to counteract future water scarcity. A field experiment was conducted to determine the optimal irrigation regimefor onion cultivation in Bena Tsemay district for two consecutive years. The experiment was laid out in a randomizedcomplete block design with five irrigation treatments and four replications. The treatments included five levels ofirrigation regimes: 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% available soil moisture depletion levels. The results showed thatirrigation regimes had a significant effect on plant height, bulb diameter, marketable yield and total yield, with a p-value of less than 0.05. The highest marketable yield (30.72 kg/ha) was observed at 100%ASMDL, followed by (30.49kg/ha) at 80%ASMDL. However, irrigation at 140%ASMDL resulted in the lowest yields of both marketable and totalonion. The two-year combined analysis revealed that the highest (6.5 kg/m3) water productivity was recoreded at 100%ASMDL, followed by (6.45 kg/m3) at 80% ASMDL. In contrast, the lowest water productivity (3.21 kg/m3) wasrecorded at 140% ASMDL. Therefore, based on the results of the current trial, it is recommended that the use of 80%ASMDL for a furrow irrigation system, and in similar agro ecology is a crucial option to increase the yield and waterproductivity of onion
Analisis Daya Dukung & Penurunan Bored Pile 80cm di Proyek Kompleks Kantor-Apartemen dengan Metode Analitis & Elemen Hingga
Authors: Tampubolon Gusar , Roesyanto Roesyanto , Hasibuan Gina Cynthia R
Published: May 2024

This study will look for the ultimate bearing capacity value of bored pile foundation and foundation subsidence, based on SPT data and loading test calculated empirically with SPT data using equations provided by O'Neil and Reese while loading test data using curve interpretation Davidson Method, Mazurkiewich Method, Chin Method and finite element method using 2D Plaxis software with all types of medium mesh. After analysis, the ultimate bored pile carrying capacity value of ø 80 cm based on SPT data using the O'neill and Reese equations was 1242 tons, then analysis using the Davisson method of 875 tons, using the Mazurkiewiech method of 960 tons and the Chin method of 876 tons. While the ultimate carrying capacity based on PLAXIS 2D calculations is 1364 tons. 5. Based on SPT data, the carrying capacity of a single bored pile axial permit (Qi) was obtained at 497 tons with SF = 2.5. And for the value of the decrease that occurs in the bored pile foundation based on analytical results is 22.85 mm, based on the loading test is 7.95 mm and based on the PLAXIS 2D program is 14.12 mm. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the O'Neil and Reese equations provide a greater value than the interpretation of load testing so that it will provide a large safety value if used when design and descent analysis that is closest to the results in the field is analysis with 2D PLAXIS with the Mohr-Coulomb modeling type. There are differences in carrying and lowering capacity analysis results with several methods used, but the use of analytical methods and finite element methods with PLAXIS 2D meets the safety requirements of bored pile foundations.
Climate Watch Country Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data and Methodology
Authors: Ge Mengpin , Friedrich Johannes
Published: May 2024

The availability of open, high-quality, consistent, and comprehensive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data is essential to understanding the global trend in GHG emissions, and for countries to see their emission profiles, compare their impacts with those of other countries, identify mitigation opportunities, and reduce emissions.
Economic Consequences of Geopolitical Conflicts for the Development of Territorial Communities in the Context of Economic and National Security of Ukraine
Authors: Nekhai Viktoriia
Published: May 2024

"The article examines peculiarities of the influence of geopolitics and geopolitical conflicts on territorial communities in Ukraine in a comparative and historical context. Particular attention is paid to the economic consequences of such influence. The importance of taking into account factors of the environment created by realities of the modern world the hybrid peace is emphasized. It is shown that the processes of internationalization and globalization are accompanied by processes of decentralization and autonomation, determining the inevitability of the influence of geopolitical conflicts specifically on territorial communities."
Utilization and Economics of Microfinance Under Self-help Groups: A Micro-Level Analysis from Tripura
Authors: Kadir Abdul ,
Published: May 2024

"The present study was conducted in Tripura state during 2020-21 to determine the impact of microfinance through SHG. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select the SHGs, i.e. sampling unit and data collected from SHG members. Analysis of collected data using percentages, averages, ranking techniques, etc. and results indicated that vegetable production has the highest B-C ratio followed by the fishery in the small SHGs inferring that fishery and vegetable cultivation were more profitable than other enterprises. Results also showed that the highest amount of credit was utilized in the fishery. It was observed that insufficient amounts of loans, complex procedures of loaning, high cost of inputs, delay in loan disbursement, lack of marketing facilities, and inadequate knowledge of potential funding sources were the major problems in microfinancing through SHGs. Nevertheless, SHGs connected a very large section of poor households with banks, who otherwise remain out of reach from the conventional banking system."
Financial and Economic Tools of Project Management in Public Sector
Authors: Britchenko Igor
Published: May 2024

"The article examines the introduction of project management as a result of the implementation of administrative reforms in modern states based on the management paradigm of New Public Management and New Public Governance. Based on both experts’ opinions and a number of cases from different counties, it is shown that the development of such elements of new public management as focus on achieving results, monitoring of quantitative and qualitative performance indicators, budget savings, creative organizational culture, became possible thanks to a set of economic and strategic tools that characterize project management, especially PMBoK. The expediency of a large-scale transition to professional management of public projects through the use of the generally recognized PMBoK standard, as well as the “living” Agile project methodology, is substantiated."
Analysis of the Impact of Cybersecurity on the Stability of Financial Institutions
Authors: Polishchuk Volodymyr
Published: May 2024

"The issue of the impact of cybersecurity is a top priority for the functioning of a financial institution. Therefore, its provision becomes a priority in organizing the further activities of the institution itself. The article aims to analyze the current trends in ensuring the cybersecurity of financial institutions and its role in their functioning. The paper describes the theoretical foundations of the cyber protection concept. The authors also outline the specifics of cybersecurity and the leading technological solutions for achieving these goals. Special attention is paid to modern, innovative solutions to maintain the stability of financial institutions and the possibility of further development. An important area of research is the disclosure of the practical experience of information corporations in providing technical solutions to ensure the security of financial transactions and support the global financial system. The study presents the experience of Ukrainian financial institutions that use variable digital defense strategies and maintain their functionality based on an effective cybersecurity system in the context of a global military conflict. The results of the study include a detailed profile of effective practical solutions to ensure the stability of financial institutions based on the implementation of blockchain technologies. The authors pay attention to the issue of modern software, hardware, and management solutions to improve the quality of cybersecurity in the context of growing cyberattacks and digital threats to the stability of financial institutions. The research findings may be helpful for further analytical studies on the effectiveness of cybersecurity and the stability of financial institutions."
Sustainable Economic Impact of Seed Replacement Rate on Production of Mustard Seed: A Case Study on Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Biswas Nigamananda
Published: May 2024

"Quality Seeds are the critical determinant of different agro-climatic zones for sustainable planning in agricultural production. It is necessary to raise the supply of quality seeds of different crops in sufficient quantity at reasonable prices for farmers at the right time in the state. New seeds are either Certified Seeds (CS) or Hybrid Seeds. A better Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) presents a better application of Certified or Quality Seed or Hybrid Varieties Seeds (HYV). It plays a major role in agriculture to raise the production of crops. In this research paper, we have analysed the impact of Seed Replacement Rate on the production of Mustard Seeds during the period 2022-23 in the Jarur Gram Panchayat (GP) of Block Raghunathganj-I, Murshidabad District, West Bengal. The data have been collected by the stratified random sampling procedure. With the help of collected data, we have formed a Coob-Douglas Type of production function and which is estimated by the Ordinary Least Square Method. From the collected data, it has been observed that the average Seed Replacement Rate is 38.52 percent which is below the state average (53.2%). We have also noticed that 30.43 percent farmers have used farm-saved seeds and only 17.4 percent farmers have used hundred percent new seeds. The estimated result has proved that Seed Replacement Rate is a key determinant to raise both production, productivity and economic benefits. If Seed Replacement increases production also will increase and thereby there would be economic leverage. It has also been found that farm size with Seed Replacement Rate is not a significant factor in increasing the production of Mustard Seeds. Another interesting finding is that seventy percent of farmers have used inorganic fertilizers. They have applied excessive chemical fertilizers which is greater than the government’s prescribed norm. However, from the estimated result we have observed that the Seed Replacement Rate according to different farm sizes with excessive application of fertilizers does not influence both the production and productivity of Mustard Seeds. From an economic standpoint of view, new seeds are better than farm-saved seeds (old seeds) as their gross income increases."
Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women through Non-Timber Forest Products
Authors: Gangmei Peisinlu
Published: May 2024

"The present paper attempts to explore and analyze the purpose of women collecting Non-Timber Forest Products based on the socioeconomic status of the women and their households. The study finds that 59.14% of women respondents were engaged in collecting NTFPs. The study employed Binary Logistic Regression for data analysis. The logistic regression analysis shows that the respondent’s main occupation, total household income excluding income from NTFPS, respondent’s age, respondent’s educational level, household size and distance to market significantly influences the dependence of women in NTFPs to earn cash income. The study found the distance to the market an important deciding factor for women to earn cash income from NTFPs. Women staying nearer to the market were more likely to earn cash income from NTFPs than those who live far from the market. Therefore the study suggests the need for government and non-government institutions (NGOs) intervention to initiate training and capacity building for the tribal women at the village level to bring more women to the market."
An Assessment of Price Transmission in Major Pulses Markets in Karnataka
Authors: S.M. Jainuddin
Published: May 2024

"The purpose of present study was to estimate the price transmission processes of pulses markets in Karnataka state. For that 30 years secondary data on the prices of pulses especially redgram and bengalgram were collected from 1989-90 to 2018-19 and analyzed by using techniques such as CAGR, Johansen Co-integration approach, VAR Model, Granger Causality test to fulfil the objectives. The study concluded that the results of both trace and maximum eigen-value tests indicated that the selected major pulses market such as Kalaburagi, Bidar, Bellary, Raichur and Koppal are cointegrated with each other in the long run and indicated that these markets are efficiently running and they are competitive in nature. The study showed that market pairs in redgram such as Bidar-Kalaburagi, and Raichur-Bidar are exhibiting bidirectional causality, whereas market pairs such as Kalaburagi-Raichur, Koppal-Kalaburagi, Bidar-Bellary, Koppal-Bidar and Koppal-Raichur are expressed unidirectional causality. In case of bengalgram, markets pairs such as Bidar-Kalaburagi, Kalaburagi-Raichur, Bellary-Bidar, Raichur-Bellary are expressed the bidirectional causality."
Structural Dynamics of Indian Commodity Derivatives Market
Authors: Kalaiarasi D.
Published: May 2024

"The inter temporal dimensions of an asset are examined through the price discovery function analysis of futures and spot price dynamics. The present study used Granger causality test and Chow test to analyze the price discovery function and the structural break of the agriculture, base metals, bullion, and energy commodities futures and spot prices during 2016-2022. The findings revealed the bidirectional causality between both the spot and future markets except gold exhibited unidirectional causality where the future market lead on the spot return is greater than contrary. Since the selected time period captures the crisis period, understanding the dynamic patterns is important for derivative valuation, hedging and asset allocation. The result of structural break revealed that among the selected commodities, only few commodities does not exhibit the structural break during the crisis period. This infer that the demand and supply for those commodities would exist in equilibrium condition and the shocks would not be transmitted to the price of commodities. The study makes recommendations for market participants to use arbitrage and hedging tactics. Additionally, it assists the regulators in assessing the steadiness of expanding commodity futures markets in India."
Examining the role of salivary IL-2 and IL-22 in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a diagnostic approach
Authors: Taher Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition, that manifests as mouth ulcers. This study aims to evaluate IL-2 and IL-22 levels in saliva samples of individuals with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) compared to healthy volunteers.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted between April 1st and September 30th, 2023, at the Dental Center of New Baquba, Diyala, Iraq. Saliva samples were collected from 40 patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 40 healthy controls. IL-2 and IL-22 levels were assessed in both groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis, employing paired sample ‘t’ test, was conducted with a significance threshold below.
Results: In the case group, the mean age was 53.4 years (SD=1.58), ranging from 26 to 81 years, while in the control group, it was 47.18 years (SD=1.55), ranging from 24 to 78 years. Females predominated in both groups, comprising 62.5% in cases and 52.2% in controls. Most aphthous ulcers (77.5%) were found in the buccal mucosa, with minor aphthous ulcers being the most common (67.5%). Results from paired-samples t-tests revealed significantly higher levels of IL-2 in RAS cases (M=62.090, SD=20.242) compared to controls (M=36.366, SD=14.596), (t(39)=7.101, p < 0.001). Similarly, IL-22 levels were significantly elevated in RAS cases (M=106.537, SD=44.112) compared to controls (M=73.399, SD=32.852), (t(39)=3.553, p=0.001). These results suggest a potential association between RAS and increased IL-2 and IL-22 levels, indicating their involvement in RAS pathophysiology.
Conclusion: In summary, females showed a significant predominance in RAS cases. Significant differences were observed in IL-2 and IL-22 levels between case and control groups.