bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Framework for Smart Wireless Strain and Acceleration Sensing
Authors: Lawal Omobolaji , Najafi Amirali , Hoang Tu , Shajihan Shaik Althaf V. , Mechitov Kirill , Spencer Billie F.
Published: March 2022

Civil infrastructure worldwide is subject to factors such as aging and deterioration. Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be used to assess the impact of these processes on structural performance. SHM demands have evolved from routine monitoring to real-time and autonomous assessment. One of the frontiers in achieving effective SHM systems has been the use of wireless smart sensors (WSSs), which are attractive compared to wired sensors, due to their flexibility of use, lower costs, and ease of long-term deployment. Most WSSs use accelerometers to collect global dynamic vibration data. However, obtaining local behaviors in a structure using measurands such as strain may also be desirable. While wireless strain sensors have previously been developed by some researchers, there is still a need for a high sensitivity wireless strain sensor that fully meets the general demands for monitoring large-scale civil infrastructure. In this paper, a framework for synchronized wireless high-fidelity acceleration and strain sensing, which is commonly termed multimetric sensing in the literature, is proposed. The framework is implemented on the Xnode, a next-generation wireless smart sensor platform, and integrates with the strain sensor for strain acquisition. An application of the multimetric sensing framework is illustrated for total displacement estimation. Finally, the potential of the proposed framework integrated with vision-based measurement systems for multi-point displacement estimation with camera-motion compensation is demonstrated. The proposed approach is verified experimentally, showing the potential of the developed framework for various SHM applications.
Energy Community in Action—Energy Citizenship Contract as Tool for Climate Neutrality
Authors: Roversi Rossella , Boeri Andrea , Pagliula Serena , Turci Giulia
Published: March 2022

Cities are responsible for 65% of energy consumption and for the 70% of CO2 emissions. Incisive actions are fundamental to bring cities towards climate neutrality by 2050 working by and for the citizens. For this reason, the “100 climate-neutral cities Mission” anticipates the target of climate neutrality by 2030. The objective of this paper, developed within the H2020 GRETA project—GReen Energy Transition Actions (GA101022317), is to investigate energy communities and climate city contracts as key interventions to face the ambitious goal of implementing citizens-centered and climate-neutral cities. To achieve this objective, this paper is structured as follows: (1) an updated framework of European and Italian legislation concerning energy communities; (2) an overview of climate city contracts’ definition and key aspects; (3) a selection and analysis of energy communities’ case studies; (4) a description of already developed pilot climate city contracts. The results provide more advanced knowledge about EU energy communities strategies and about the possible contractual agreements that can guarantee commitment between parties and can allow the active participation of citizens in the energy system. The lessons learned contribute to the application in the GRETA Italian case study, whose first participation activities are also described in the paper.
The MESSIR Flexible Scientific Approach to Requirements Engineering
Authors: Guelfi Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Among the software engineering development phases, requirements engineering is the one that has the most impact on project success or failure. To be executed in various contexts, there is an important need for flexibility and efficient tool support. A flexible requirements engineering method should include several levels allowing for more or less completeness and precision. Some project contexts would need a lightweight activity using structured natural language but still being guided and grounded partly on professional standards. Some more advanced projects would need more complete requirements documents and would benefit from a description language based on scientific notions allowing for better precision for specific system operations. Some business or safety critical systems would need an approach allowing for requirements simulation and verification. Requirements engineering education is an important objective to prepare future engineers to understand those requirements engineering needs and be prepared for practice in a professional setting. In the last five years, we have developed a requirements engineering method called Messir with a tool Excalibur and experiments in academia have been made to see how it was solving actual software engineering problems focusing first on requirements engineering education. Messir components represent in themselves some improvements w.r.t. the state of the art of the “standard” theories, methods and tools, mainly by introducing an improved requirements engineering process, language and verification support based on executable requirements specifications. Furthermore, the Messir approach solves also some actual problems related to software engineering education by offering a product line framework for setting up or improving courses in computer science curricula. The main result being to contribute to develop the software engineering capabilities of engineers and scientists that feed the job market in industry, research or education.
Integrating Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge for Decision Making of Rice Farming in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Limpo Syahrul , Fahmid Imam , Fattah Abdul , Rauf Abdul , Surmaini Elza , Muslimin  , Saptana  , Syahbuddin Haris , Andri Kuntoro
Published: March 2022

Agricultural activities cannot be separated from indigenous knowledge (IK), which has developed and continues to be strongly maintained by Bugis–Makassar farmers in the face of rapidly developing science and technology. The objective of this study was to explore the IK practices in rice cultivation of the Bugis–Makassar farmer community, as well as the process of integrating IK and scientific knowledge into decision making. The study used a number of qualitative methodologies to gather information, including meetings, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Our results show that IK is slowly disappearing and being replaced by middle-aged people and youth, who seem to care more about modernization than assimilation. However, with the existence of Tudang Sipulung, the fading of local wisdom may be inhibited. Tudang Sipulung’s strength lies in the government’s involvement in integrating IK and scientific knowledge into formal forums and agreement. The Tudang Sipulung agreement is formally binding with constitutional sanctions applied. In order to provide optimum benefits, engaging young farmers in the understanding and preservation of indigenous and scientific knowledge is recommended to preserve local culture and transfer modern technology.
On Hedging Properties of Infrastructure Assets during the Pandemic: What We Learn from Global and Emerging Markets?
Authors: Susantono Bambang , Uddin Gazi Salah , Park Donghyun , Tian Shu
Published: March 2022

Infrastructure investment is essential for economic development for both developed and developing economies. We analyze the short-term return behavior and portfolio characteristics of the global, regional, and selected Asian countries’ infrastructure indexes during the pandemic over the sample period 3 July 2018 to 1 July 2021. According to the multivariate Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (GJR) Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) with dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model, infrastructure assets are very heterogeneous depending on the corresponding asset classes. Empirical evidence suggests that infrastructure can be treated as a separate asset sub-class within conventional financial assets. Moreover, we quantify the co-movements between returns on various listed infrastructure indexes and major asset classes, including equity, commodity, currency, and bond index returns. We find that infrastructure assets offer hedging potential against the USD index and USD denominated assets.
Valuing Ecosystem Services for Agricultural TFP: A Review of Best Practices, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Bostian Moriah , Lundgren Tommy
Published: March 2022

This paper provides a brief overview of methods to incorporate ecosystem service values into measures of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), both in theory and in practice. This includes a review of the academic literature, a summary of related economic index theory, and a comparison of agency guidelines. We consider areas of consensus between the agencies and the research literature, as well as open debates surrounding the implementation of a standardized ecosystem accounting framework to integrate with existing TFP measures. This helps to bridge the gap between theoretical approaches to measurement and valuation in the research literature and their implementation in practice by national accounting agencies. Better connecting theory to practice also serves to highlight common challenges in the field, including questions of definition, scope, and scale for ecosystem services, as well as data collection and dissemination. We end with a summary of recommendations for moving forward.
The “Fish Tank” Experiments: Metacognitive Awareness of Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, and Perspectives (DSRP) Significantly Increases Cognitive Complexity
Authors: Cabrera Derek , Cabrera Laura , Cabrera Elena
Published: March 2022

In the field of systems thinking, there are far too many opinioned frameworks and far too few empirical studies. This could be described as a “gap” in the research but it is more like a dearth in the research. More theory and empirical validation of theory are needed if the field and the phenomenon of systems thinking holds promise and not just popularity. This validation comes in the form of both basic (existential) and applied (efficacy) research studies. This article presents efficacy data for a set of empirical studies of DSRP Theory. According to Cabrera, Cabrera, and Midgley, DSRP Theory has equal or more empirical evidence supporting it than any existing systems theories (including frameworks, which are not theories). Four separate studies show highly statistically relevant findings for the effect of a short (less than one minute) treatment of D, S, R, and P. Subjects’ cognitive complexity and the systemic nature of their thinking increased in all four studies. These findings indicate that even a short treatment in DSRP is effective in increasing systems thinking skills. Based on these results, a longer, more in-depth treatment—such as a one hour or semester long training, such is the norm—would therefore likely garner transformative results and efficacy.
Final Report on Clinical Outcomes and Tumor Recurrence Patterns of a Pilot Study Assessing Efficacy of Belinostat (PXD-101) with Chemoradiation for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Xu Karen , Ramesh Karthik , Huang Vicki , Gurbani Saumya S. , Cordova James Scott , Schreibmann Eduard , Weinberg Brent D. , Sengupta Soma , Voloschin Alfredo D. , Holdhoff Matthias , Barker Peter B. , Kleinberg Lawrence R. , Olson Jeffrey J. , Shu Hui-Kuo G. , Shim Hyunsuk
Published: March 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Belinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with blood–brain barrier permeability, anti-GBM activity, and the potential to enhance chemoradiation. The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of combining belinostat with standard-of-care therapy. Thirteen patients were enrolled in each of control and belinostat cohorts. The belinostat cohort was given a belinostat regimen (500–750 mg/m2 1×/day × 5 days) every three weeks (weeks 0, 3, and 6 of RT). All patients received temozolomide and radiation therapy (RT). RT margins of 5–10 mm were added to generate clinical tumor volumes and 3 mm added to create planning target volumes. Median overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months for the control cohort and 18.5 months for the belinostat cohort (p = 0.53). The recurrence volumes (rGTVs) for the control cohort occurred in areas that received higher radiation doses than that in the belinostat cohort. For those belinostat patients who experienced out-of-field recurrence, tumors were detectable by spectroscopic MRI before RT. Recurrence analysis suggests better in-field control with belinostat. This study highlights the potential of belinostat as a synergistic therapeutic agent for GBM. It may be particularly beneficial to combine this radio-sensitizing effect with spectroscopic MRI-guided RT.
The Impact of the Storage Conditions and Type of Clearomizers on the Increase of Heavy Metal Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids Retailed in Romania
Authors: Jităreanu Alexandra , Cara Irina Gabriela , Sava Alexandru , Mârțu Ioana , Caba Ioana-Cezara , Agoroaei Luminița
Published: March 2022

The growing popularity of electronic cigarettes has raised several public health concerns, including the risks associated with heavy metals exposure via e-liquids and vapors. The purpose of this study was to determine, using atomic absorption spectrometry, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Zn, and Co in some commercially available e-liquid samples from Romania immediately after purchase and after storage in clearomizers. Lead and zinc were found in all investigated samples before storage. The initial concentrations of Pb ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 mg L−1, while Zn concentrations were between 0.04 and 0.07 mg L−1. Traces of nickel appeared in all investigated e-liquids before storage but in very small amounts (0.01–0.02 mg L−1). Co was below the detection limits. We investigated the influence of the storage period (1, 3, and 5 days), storage temperature (22 °C and 40 °C), and type of clearomizer. In most cases, the temperature rise and storage period increase were associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals. This confirms that storage conditions can affect metal transfer and suggests that the temperature of storage is another parameter that can influence this phenomenon.
Intrathecal/Intraventricular Colistin for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial CNS Infections in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alnaami Ibrahim , Alahmari Zubaidah
Published: March 2022

Central nervous system (CNS) infections constitute a life-threatening condition, especially in children. Treatment limitations exist for drug-resistant CNS bacterial infections. Inadequate CNS penetration and intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment failure represent a major clinical challenge. However, patients with antibiotic-resistant bacterial CNS infections may benefit from intrathecal (IT) or intraventricular (IVT) colistin. The authors aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of IT/IVT colistin therapy in the pediatric population, with or without other antibiotics, for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant CNS infections. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the electronic databases of PubMed, Ovid, and Embase for relevant articles using the following terms: “Colistin”, “CNS infection”, and “Outcome”, as well as their combinations. The retrieved articles were filtered by age (Child), language (English), route of administration (IT/IVT), and species (Humans). The present systematic review comprised 20 articles that included 31 children (19; 61.2% were boys) with multidrug-resistant CNS infection. Their ages ranged from less than one month to 18 years (median: 9 months). Acinetobacter baumannii was the main causative organism in 22 patients (70.9%), and infection occurred mainly after neurosurgical interventions (83.8%). An external ventricular drain was inserted to administer colistin into the ventricular system in 29 cases (93.5%). The median duration for colistin therapy was 18 days. Twenty-three patients (74%) recovered, while five patients (16%) had residual disability, and three patients (10%) died. The authors concluded that IT/IVT colistin therapy is safe and effective as either the primary or adjunct treatment for antibiotic-resistant cases with CNS infection.
Effect of Heterologous Vaccination Regimen with Ad5-nCoV CanSinoBio and BNT162b2 Pfizer in SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Titers
Authors: Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena , Rivera-Salinas Diego , Hernández-Ruíz Yodira Guadalupe , Armendariz-Vázquez Ana Gabriela , González-Cantú Arnulfo , Barco-Flores Irene Antonieta , González-Facio Rosalinda , Montelongo-Cruz Laura Patricia , Del Rio-Parra Gerardo Francisco , Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2022

The efficacy of one dose Ad5-nCoV has been concerning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single dose BNT162b2 in individuals after a completed Ad5-nCoV vaccination regiment compared to a group without this boost measuring SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1–2 IgG antibodies in plasma. This observational study included a subgroup analysis of patients who were immunized with Ad5-nCoV in a northern city of Mexico. During follow-up, some patients self-reported having received a BNT162b2 booster. We report baseline IgG levels, 21–28 days after the Ad5-nCoV dose, three months, and an additional 21–28 days after BNT162b2 (four months after Ad5-nCoV). Seventeen patients, age 40 (16), 52.9% men, were analyzed. We created four groups: G1 and G2 refer to patients without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccinated with Ad5-nCoV and Ad5-nCoV/BNT162b2 (n = 4 and n = 6), respectively; G3 and G4 included patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunized with Ad5-nCoV and Ad5-nCoV/BNT162b2 (n = 5 and n = 2), respectively. The Ad5-nCoV/BNT162b2 protocol reported higher antibody titers after 21–28 days. Median (IQR) values were: G1 46.7 (-), G2 1077.5 (1901), G3 1158.5 (2673.5), and G4 2090 (-) (p < 0.05). Headache and pain at injection site were the most frequent adverse reactions associated with Ad5-nCoV (n = 10, 83%) and BNT162b2 (n = 5, 83.3%), respectively. Patients receiving BNT162b2 after Ad5-nCoV had higher SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers and had no severe adverse reactions.
Humoral Responses and Ex Vivo IFN-γ Production after Canine Whole Blood Stimulation with Leishmania infantum Antigen or KMP11 Recombinant Protein
Authors: Martínez-Orellana Pamela , González Noemí , Baldassarre Antonella , Álvarez-Fernández Alejandra , Ordeix Laura , Paradies Paola , Soto Manuel , Solano-Gallego Laia
Published: March 2022

The effect of Leishmania infantum soluble antigen (LSA) and recombinant Kinetoplastid Membrane Protein 11 (rKMP11) on the induction of ex vivo specific IFN-γ (n = 69) and antibody responses (n = 108) was determined in dogs. All dogs were tested for serological response to both antigens and divided into Group 1: healthy (Asturias, Spain, n = 26), Group 2: sick (n = 46), Group 3: healthy Ibizan hounds (Mallorca, Spain, n = 22) and Group 4: healthy (Bari, Italy, n = 14). Antibody levels were higher for LSA when compared to rKMP11 (p = 0.001). Ibizan hounds were all seronegative to rKMP11 and 18% were low seropositive to LSA. Sick dogs presented higher antibody response to both antigens compared to the rest of the groups (p < 0.0001). All groups showed higher IFN-γ levels after LSA compared to rKMP11 responses (p < 0.05). The highest response to LSA was found in Ibizan hounds (p < 0.05). IFN-γ to LSA and rKMP11 stimulation was observed in 34% and in 2.8% of the sick dogs, respectively. Here, we demonstrated that anti-rKMP11 antibodies are mainly present in dogs with moderate to severe disease. Furthermore, cellular immune response measured by specific ex vivo IFN-γ production was more intense to LSA than stimulated to rKMP11.
Estimation of Circular Arc Crack Depths and Locations in Rotary Drilling Pipes Subjected to Free Vibrations
Authors: Kessai Idir , Benammar Samir , Doghmane Mohamed Zinelabidine , Tee Kong Fah
Published: March 2022

Late detection of cracks can lead to serious failures and damages of drilling components, especially drill pipes and drill bits. Currently, the widely used method of repairing rotary drilling systems after a failure is corrective maintenance. Although this strategy has shown its effectiveness in many cases, waiting for a failure to occur and then performing a repair can be an expensive and time-consuming operation. Thus, the use of preventive maintenance under the aspect of periodic inspections can solve this problem and help engineers detect cracks before they reach critical sizes. In this study, modal analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) combined with artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to dynamically estimate the depth and location of a circular arc crack in the drill pipes of rotary drilling systems. To achieve this goal, a detailed analytical approach based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory was adopted to validate the first four natural frequencies found by FEA for an undamaged pipe. Afterwards, an arc crack was assigned to the pipe already created using Abaqus, and the first four natural frequencies were obtained for each depth and location of the crack. Simulations with FEA led to the generation of a dataset with two inputs—depth and location of cracks—and four outputs: natural frequencies. Moreover, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) was designed and trained by the data collected from simulations. Finally, a comparison between the results obtained by FEA and ANN was performed, where both approaches showed a good agreement in predicting the depth and location of cracks.
Review of the Russian translation of the book “Platon. Seine Gestalt” by Heinrich Friedemann
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, St. Petersburg State University, Kamneva L.S.
Published: March 2022

The review discusses the Russian translation of the book “Platon. Seine Gestalt” written by Heinrich Friedemann and translated by D. Kuznitsyn for “Vladimir Dal” Publisher in St. Petersburg. It mainly concerns the evaluation of the merits of this translation. Friedemann took the non-academical approach to the interpretation of Socrates’ and Plato’s philosophy; his German orthography and punctuation are also unusually modified, so the whole work does really present the peculiar difficulties for the adequate reconstruction of the senses in Russian. In the same connection the crucial concepts contained in Friedemann’s book are dealt with, particularly the concept of “Gestalt”. Finally, the review considers the meaning of the new and historically unique representation of Plato given by the author of the reviewed book.
Cultural experiences with narratives
Authors:   independent researcher, Armenia, Virapyan Ed.G.
Published: March 2022

Fighter. Wellington. Edward Gibbon (Punians). Anonymous (to the City and the World).
Comparison of blowhole colostomy and loop ostomy for palliation of acute malignant colonic obstruction
Authors: Park Yongjun , Choi Dong Uk , Kim Hyung Ook , Kim Yong Bog , Min Chungki , Son Jung Tack , Lee Sung Ryol , Jung Kyung Uk , Kim Hungdai
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Surgery to create a stoma for decompression might be required for unresectable stage IV cancer patients with complete colonic obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare the results of blowhole colostomy with those of loop ostomy.Methods: Palliative ileostomy or colostomy procedures performed at a single center between January 2011 and October 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-nine patients were identified during this period. The demographic characteristics and outcomes between the blowhole colostomy group (n=24) and the loop ostomy group (n=35) were compared.Results: The median operative time tended to be shorter in the blowhole colostomy group (52.5 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 43–65) than in the loop ostomy group (60 minutes; IQR, 40–107), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.162). The median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter with blowhole colostomy (blowhole, 13 days [IQR, 9–23]; loop, 21 days [IQR, 14–37]; P=0.013). Mean cecum diameter was significantly larger in the blowhole group than in the loop group (8.83±1.91 cm vs. 6.78±2.36 cm, P=0.001), and the emergency operation rate was higher in the blowhole group than in the loop group (22 of 24 [91.7%] vs. 23 of 35 [65.7%], P=0.021).Conclusion: In surgical emergencies, diverting a blowhole colostomy can be safe and effective for palliative management of colonic obstruction in patients with end-stage cancer and might reduce the operative time in emergent situations.
Satisfacción laboral del docente universitario desde la cultura organizacional
Authors: Díaz Tinoco Angélica , Valderrama Rios Olga Giovanna , Merino Lozano Alicia Lourdes , Nuñez Zarazú Llerme , Cuba Sancho Juana Matilde
Published: March 2022

El propósito de estudio es identificar la relación de la cultura organizacional en la satisfacción laboral de los docentes de una universidad de la costa peruana. Investigación descriptiva, correlacional y transversal. La muestra fue de 48 docentes, obtenidos mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron dos; la escala de satisfacción laboral SL-SPC y otro para cultura organizacional, ambos en escala de Likert. Para los análisis estadísticos se usó la correlación de Spearman. Como resultado se obtuvo que el 66.7% presentó una cultura organizacional neutra, el 20.8% fuerte y  el  12.5%  débil. El 79.2% indicaron tener una satisfacción laboral media, 14.6% alta y solo el 6.3% baja. La cultura organizacional se relacionó con la satisfacción laboral de los docentes (r=0,375, p= 0,009). Se concluye Existe una correlación entre la cultura organizacional la satisfacción laboral, actividades en la primera mejoraran la segunda.
Implicancia de la lingüística textual en la comprensión lectora y nivel de logro, Perú
Authors: More López Jesús Manuel , Méndez Espinoza María Angélica , Yovera Saldarriaga José , Jamanca Ramirez Marco Antonio , Cruz Nieto Dante Daniel
Published: March 2022

Para mejorar la comprensión lectora es importante aplicar una buena lingüística textual. El objetivo del estudio radica en demostrar la importancia del uso en comprensión lectora en nivel logros. La metodología empleada fue bajo la investigación explicativa de diseño cuasi experimental, se utilizaron instrumentos escala de Likert y cuestionario. La población fue nivel secundario del I.E. Nº 20503 “José Carlos Mariátegui”. Los resultados demostraron rechazar la hipótesis nula y aceptar hipótesis alterna al confirmarse que existen diferencias significativas después de la aplicación en las variables, con un nivel de confianza del 95%; siendo la asintótica (bilateral) 0,000; la prueba de normalidad muestra que en ambos grupos las variables no se  distribuyen  según  una  ley normal; ya que la significancia asintótica (bilateral) de ambos grupos es 0,013; es decir para la comprensión lectora está por debajo del nivel de significación alfa prefijado (0,05). Se concluye que, es interactiva, dinámica, interdisciplinaria en la comprensión y producción de textos.
Avalokiteśvara of the “Three and a Half Syllables”: A Note on the Heart-Mantra Ārolik in India
Authors: Revire Nicolas , Sanyal Rajat , Giebel Rolf
Published: March 2022

本 文 考 察 了 三 座 菩 薩 雕 像 上 的 罕 見 銘 文 ， 這 些 雕 像 製 作 於 第 一 個 千 年 的 後 半 期 ， 分 別 出 自 北 方 邦 的 鹿 野 苑 、 比 哈 爾 邦 的 泰 爾 哈 拉 和 伯 爾 岡 。 銘 文 內 容 涉 及 阿 嚕 力 迦 心 真 言 ， 此 乃 觀 自 在 菩 薩 蓮 花 部 三 字 半 真 言 。 比 哈 爾 邦 雕 像 殘 件 的 原 型 極 有 可 能 是 六 臂 不 空 羂 索 觀 音 ， 即 觀 自 在 菩 薩 的 化 身 之 一 。 此 外 ， 伯 爾 岡 雕 像 銘 文 是 唯 一 確 定 的 梵 語 銘 刻 的 不 空 羂 索 心 陀 羅 尼 ， 此 陀 羅 尼 創 作 於 南 亞 ， 並 於 第 一 個 千 年 中 後 期 傳 至 東 亞 。 阿 嚕 力 迦 心 真 言 亦 可 見 於 密 教 文 獻 中 ， 梵 語 原 本 和 漢 語 、 藏 語 譯 本 中 均 有 記 載 。 本 文 研 究 結 果 表 明 ， 早 期 印 度 佛 教 美 術 中 觀 自 在 菩 薩 的 鑒 別 取 得 了 進 一 步 的 進 展 。
Castles in the Heartland: Place-Making in Early Modern Bundelkhand
Authors: Chanchani Nachiket
Published: March 2022

本 文 旨 在 探 討 《 阿 摩 盧 百 詠 》 圖 冊 中 的 城 鎮 形 象 營 造 問 題 ， 該 圖 冊 製 作 於 17 世 紀 的 印 度 中 北 部 邦 德 爾 坎 德 ， 是 一 本 古 典 梵 語 愛 情 詩 集 。 圖 冊 由 95 張 冊 頁 組 成 ， 每 張 冊 頁 頂 部 均 寫 有 詩 歌 ， 詩 歌 下 方 繪 有 戀 人 嬉 戲 於 宅 第 的 場 景 。 縱 觀 全 冊 ， 有 助 於 觀 者 或 讀 者 身 臨 其 境 ， 感 受 城 鎮 的 物 理 空 間 與 精 神 空 間 。 信 仰 、 觀 點 、 制 度 、 行 事 、 禮 儀 ， 在 空 間 中 縱 橫 交 錯 ， 它 們 以 矛 盾 的 方 式 與 習 俗 、 道 德 相 聯 結 。 最 後 ， 筆 者 透 過 圖 冊 所 繪 城 鎮 場 景 ， 闡 述 了 邦 德 爾 坎 德 拉 吉 普 特 人 的 功 績 。 他 們 用 磚 塊 與 沙 子 ， 將 地 區 城 鎮 建 設 成 為 繁 榮 、 虔 誠 、 享 樂 之 地 。 隨 著 印 度 中 北 部 新 城 鎮 的 出 現 ， 他 們 整 頓 和 捍 衛 自 己 的 家 園 ， 以 抵 禦 莫 臥 兒 帝 國 的 野 心 。
Preliminary data about carabid fauna diversity of a cultivated area and an adjacent non-crop habitat in a semi-arid region of Northeastern Algeria (Constantine) / Données préliminaires sur la diversité de la faune des carabidés dans une zone cultivée et un habitat non agricole adjacent dans une région semi-aride du nord-est de l’Algérie (Constantine)
Authors: Saouache Yasmina , Ouchtati Nadia , Guerfi Imane , Derrouiche Chahinez
Published: March 2022

The Carabidae are one of the most diverse and abundant beetle families in the world. Given their predation on some pests such as aphids and slugs, they are considered to be important biological agents to control crop pests. This study was carried out in agricultural landscape (herbaceous area, cereal field edge and inside the field) of a semi-arid region located in the north-east of Algeria (Constantine), for four months during the year 2016. Carabid beetles sampling was performed using interception traps. Ten pitfall traps were placed in a straight line at each station, spaced five meters from each other. This preliminary study allowed identifying thirty-six species. The highest recorded values of species richness and abundance were in the herbaceous area compared to the cereal field edge and inside the field. The exploration of certain ecological traits of species, such as diet, dispersal ability and species tolerance to humidity, shows that predators, macropterous and hygrophilous species are the most frequent. It seems that these adaptive parameters can be influenced by habitat conditions.
Diversité des mycoendophytes foliaires de Limoniastrum feei (Girard) Batt. de Oued Aghlal (Béchar, Algérie) / Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Limoniastrum feei leaves (Girard) Batt. of Oued Aghlal (Bechar, Algeria)
Authors: Medjeber Mohammed , Smail-Saadoun Noria , Boutekrabt saidi Faïrouz
Published: March 2022

In this work, our interest was in isolating, identifying and listing foliar mycoendophytes present at Limoniastrum feei (Girard) Batt. Sampling involved 23 healthy subjects. Ten leaves were taken from each subject to be seeded on PDA medium. After two months of incubation, we measured a colonization frequency of 73.22 ± 4%, with a total of 842 endophytic fungal isolates, divided into 56 species and 20 genera. Species of the genus Penicillium, and those of the genus Aspergillus appeared as dominant, successively. These two genera known for their antimicrobial activities account for 45.79% of the mycoendophytes surveyed. Correlations sometimes positive and for other negative are described between the majority of fungal genera. Thus, the calculation of the diversity index revealed a remarkable richness of the endophytic mycoflora. The leaves of L. feei can be considered as a real hotspot of fungal biodiversity.
Cicatrisation post-incendie de la pinède semi-aride de Bastama (Sehary Guebli, région de Djelfa, Algérie) / Post-fire resilience of the semi-arid pine forest of Bastama (Sehary Guebli, Djelfa region, Algeria)
Authors: Guit Brahim , Nedjimi Bouzid
Published: March 2022

Les incendies de forêts sont l’un des facteurs les plus importants qui façonnent le paysage méditerranéen où la dynamique de récupération après un incendie est généralement variable dans le temps et dépend d’un certain nombre de facteurs. Une étude sur la cicatrisation postincendie de la végétation, la régénération du pin d’Alep et le dosage des éléments biogènes du sol a été conduite dans la forêt de Bastama (massif de Sehary Guebli, région de Djelfa, Algérie). Quatre stations ont été choisies sur les versants nord et sud de chacune des deux zones incendiée et témoin. Trois positions topographiques ont été distinguées sur chaque versant : bas versant, mi-versant et haut versant. Au total, 24 relevés floristiques ont été réalisés sur l’ensemble des stations, 12 carrés de 1 m ² pour le recensement des semis de pin d’Alep et 24 prélèvements pédologiques pour doser différents éléments du sol. L’étude floristique a révélé une meilleure richesse spécifique de la zone incendiée avec une dominance des thérophytes par rapport aux autres types biologiques. Le passage du feu a globalement amélioré les caractéristiques édaphiques. La régénération du pin d’Alep semble être en cours. Nous suggérons la protection de la zone incendiée contre toute forme de pression humaine ou animale pour une bonne reprise des semis de pin d’Alep.
Dirac Clouds around Dilatonic Black Holes
Authors: Huang Yang , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: March 2022

Dirac cloud is in absence in general relativity since the superradiance mechanism fails to work for Dirac fields. For the first time, we find a novel mechanism to support Dirac clouds, which is independent on superradiance mechanism. We study quasibound states of Dirac particles around a charged spherical black hole in dilatonic gravity. We find that the quasibound states become real bound states when the central black hole becomes extremal. We make an intensive study of the energy spectrum of the stationary clouds for different fine structure constant

μ
M

and reveal the existence condition of these clouds. Our result strongly implies that extreme dilatonic black holes behave as elementary particles.
High-Performance Magnetic-core Coils for Targeted Rodent Brain Stimulations
Authors: Bagherzadeh Hedyeh , Meng Qinglei , Lu Hanbing , Hong Elliott , Yang Yihong , Choa Fow-Sen
Published: March 2022

Objective and Impact Statement
. There is a need to develop rodent coils capable of targeted brain stimulation for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms. We describe a novel rodent coil design to improve the focality for targeted stimulations in small rodent brains.
Introduction
. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is becoming increasingly important for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms. Preclinical studies permit invasive manipulations and are essential for the mechanistic understanding of TMS effects and explorations of therapeutic outcomes in disease models. However, existing TMS tools lack focality for targeted stimulations. Notably, there has been limited fundamental research on developing coils capable of focal stimulation at deep brain regions on small animals like rodents.
Methods
. In this study, ferromagnetic cores are added to a novel angle-tuned coil design to enhance the coil performance regarding penetration depth and focality. Numerical simulations and experimental electric field measurements were conducted to optimize the coil design.
Results
. The proposed coil system demonstrated a significantly smaller stimulation spot size and enhanced electric field decay rate in comparison to existing coils. Adding the ferromagnetic core reduces the energy requirements up to 60% for rodent brain stimulation. The simulated results are validated with experimental measurements and demonstration of suprathreshold rodent limb excitation through targeted motor cortex activation.
Conclusion
. The newly developed coils are suitable tools for focal stimulations of the rodent brain due to their smaller stimulation spot size and improved electric field decay rate.
Zero Trust and Advanced Persistent Threats: Who Will Win the War?
Authors: Karabacak Bilge , Whittaker Todd
Published: March 2022

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are state-sponsored actors who break into computer networks for political or industrial espionage. Because of the nature of cyberspace and ever-changing sophisticated attack techniques, it is challenging to prevent and detect APT attacks. 2020 United States Federal Government data breach once again showed how difficult to protect networks from targeted attacks. Among many other solutions and techniques, zero trust is a promising security architecture that might effectively prevent the intrusion attempts of APT actors. In the zero trust model, no process insider or outside the network is trusted by default. Zero trust is also called perimeterless security to indicate that it changes the focus from network devices to assets. All processes are required to verify themselves to access the resources. In this paper, we focused on APT prevention. We sought an answer to the question: "could the 2020 United States Federal Government data breach have been prevented if the attacked networks used zero trust architecture?" To answer this question, we used MITRE's ATT&CK® framework to extract how the APT29 threat group techniques could be mitigated to prevent initial access to federal networks. Secondly, we listed basic constructs of the zero trust model using NIST Special Publication 800-207 and several other academic and industry resources. Finally, we analyzed how zero trust can prevent malicious APT activities. We found that zero trust has a strong potential of preventing APT attacks or mitigating them significantly. We also suggested that vulnerability scanning, application developer guidance, and training should not be neglected in zero trust implementations as they are not explicitly or strongly mentioned in NIST SP 800-207 and are among the mostly referred controls in academic and industry publications.
Context-Aware Cyber Threat Intelligence Exchange Platform
Authors: Motlhabi Michael , Pantsi Phumeza , Mangoale Bokang , Netshiya Rofhiwa , Chishiri Samson
Published: March 2022

The ubiquity of network and internet-connected devices has increased exponentially in the past decade. The proliferation of end-user devices has created a lucrative environment for cybercriminals to exploit unsuspecting users at a personal and organizational level. Moreover, businesses and governments are heavily reliant on cyberspace to conduct their business. According to Accenture, in 2019 South Africa saw a spike in cyberattacks on all fronts—banks, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), utilities and eCommerce platforms. This shows that threat actors are continuously looking to exploit new and old vulnerabilities at ever-increasing rates. Furthermore, threat actors are sharing tactics, tools, and procedures to expand their attack surface and to improve the effectiveness of their attacks. Security research tends to be an insular process and rarely do individuals or groups share threat data. This is due to lack of trust, organizational policies, or simply the inability to get the information out to the masses. The idea behind this paper is to design a context-aware threat intelligence exchange platform that encourages collaboration and creates a federated environment amongst different industry stakeholders to share Indicators of Compromise. This paper further aims to define the process of transforming raw Indicators of Compromise into cyber threat intelligence. The platform described in this paper, when implemented, would provide the basic building blocks for developing a highly effective cybersecurity intelligence-sharing system that can improve vulnerability detectionand remediation by speeding up the time required to identify/resolve incidents.
The Development of Cybersecurity Awareness Measurement Model in the Water Sector
Authors: Marnewick Annlizé , Von Solms Suné
Published: March 2022

:Cyber-attacks are one of the main threats to information systems, and humans have been identified as the weakest link with regards to information security. This study aims to develop a measurement instrument to evaluate the level of cyber security awareness (CSA) in the water sector in South Africa. There are lots of synergies with regards to cyber system usage across industries, and as a result this study will take a broad base approach in configuring an instrument that can be used to adequately assess the sample space in question. Having a reliable instrument to measure cyber security awareness helps mitigate the failed attempts at preparing employees for imminent cyber disruptions by pin-pointing areas where the training is needed before campaigns can be organised. This study will show that the psychology of employees with respect to cyber security awareness is compartmentalised into three traits: knowledge, attitude, and behaviour. These three traits were assessed under the following eight focus areas to check employee resilience to cyber security: IS policy adherence, Password management, Email use, Internet use, social media use, mobile devices, information handling, and incident reporting. In practice, employees will be required to answer questions formulated under these focus areas to the evaluate their cyber security awareness (CSA) level. The model proposed in this paper was developed to test cybersecurity awareness in the water sector, but can be utilised in other sectors for cybersecurity awareness testing.
Impact of CISO Appointment Announcements on the Market Value of Firms
Authors: Ford Adrian , Al-Nemrat Ameer , Ali Ghorashi Sayed , Davidson Julia
Published: March 2022

Previous studies concerning the economic impact of security events on publicly listed companies have focussed on the negative effect of data breaches and cyberattacks with a view to encouraging firms to improve their cyber security posture to avoid such incidents. This paper is an initial study on the impact of investment in human capital related to security, specifically appointments of chief information security officers (CISO), chief security officers (CSO) or similar overall head of security roles. Using event study techniques, a dataset of 37 CISO type appointment announcements spanning multiple world markets between 2012 and 2019 was analysed and statistically significant (at the 5% level) positive cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of around 0.8% on average were observed over the three-day period before, during and after the announcement. Furthermore, this positive CAR was found to be highest, at nearly 1.8% on average, within the financial services sector and showing statistical significance at the 1% level. In addition to the industry sector, other characteristics were investigated such as job title, reporting structure, comparison of internal versus external appointments, gender and variations between markets. Although these findings were not as conclusive they are, nevertheless, good pointers for future research in this area. This overall positive market reaction to CISO related announcements is a strong case for publicly listed firms to be transparent in such appointments and to, perhaps, review where that function sits within their organisation to ensure it delivers the greatest benefits. As 24% of the firms analysed were listed outside the US, this study also begins to counter the strong US bias seen in similar and related studies. This research is expected to be of interest to business management, cyber security practitioners, investors and shareholders as well as researchers in cyber security or related fields.
Need for a Cyber Resilience Framework for Critical Space Infrastructure
Authors: Shahzad Syed , Qiao Li
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a case for a standardised comprehensive cyber resilience framework for Critical Space Infrastructure (CSI). Based on structure systematic review and meta-analyses, this paper outlines the needs of a risk-based framework. Space assets are fundamental components of critical national infrastructure (CNI), whose destruction significantly impacts many lives. Moreover, today’s digitally connected space infrastructure is exposed to sophisticated and catastrophic cyber-attacks. This paper lays out the research gap to present the need for a comprehensive cyber resilience framework for CSI and future research and collaboration to understand the emergence of a new category of failures related to space-asset-reliance disruption risks.
Securing InfiniBand Networks with the Bluefield-2 Data Processing Unit
Authors: Diamond` Noah , Graham Scott , Clark Gilbert
Published: March 2022

Interest in securing InfiniBand networks with encryption is growing.  However, the performance benefit realized by InfiniBand’s use of Direct Memory Access (DMA) to bypass the kernel and avoid intervention from host Central Processing Units (CPUs) is at odds with IP datagram encryption techniques.  Encryption forces data through the CPU before transmission and decryption, incurring multiple clock cycles.  The Bluefield-2 Data Processing Unit (DPU) is Nvidia-Mellanox’s latest system on chip that combines a high-performance, programmable processor, network interface card (NIC), and flexible hardware accelerators.  This research characterizes the Bluefield-2’s capability to accelerate IPsec encryption in hardware.  Results show that the Bluefield-2’s hardware accelerators are capable of supporting a secure IPsec tunnel with a throughput of nearly 16 Gb/s.  Offloading IPsec encryption operations to the hardware accelerators on the Bluefield-2 is a promising method for adding confidentiality, integrity, and authentication to InfiniBand networks.
Addressing the Skills Shortage in Cybersecurity
Authors: Davies Gareth , Mison Angela , Eden Peter
Published: March 2022

Security by design is an up and coming paradigm which seeks to decrease the opportunity for corruption and disruption, and to increase the inherent stability, dependability and resilience of systems.  Cyber experts need to be involved in the design phase as Finagle's Law, interpreted for cybersecurity, is 'if it can be hacked, it will – at the worst possible time'. Testing is designed to counter Murphy's Law and reduce resistentialism. Defensive programming, original cybersecurity, carries an overhead, for which there is often no demonstrable return.  The priority of the design stage cybersecurity expert is to plan for contingencies and think like a hacker.  It is about risk management; understanding this dictates security by design requirements in the knowledge that interconnected systems' security is only as strong as its weakest link. Definition and audit of Service Level Agreements (SLA) are an essential part of cybersecurity, as is the audit of any third party suppliers of componentry of the system under design.  Governance and policy definitions, exciting for some, are integral to cybersecurity.  Beyond this, the cybersecurity expert must consider system failure.  Recent ransomware attacks have demonstrated the necessity for business continuity plans as recovery has still taken time.   The Blue Team Field Manual has an impressive list of necessary documentation and actions required in this event, but glosses over the effort required. While the above is rolling maintenance, threat hunting differs.  Every vulnerability or threat must be evaluated for consequential impact.  Either a passionate interest in psychology or an extremely jaundiced view of the world is a necessary attribute for cybersecurity.  Reality is so different from the aspirations of potential pen testers, incident responders, and AI security engineers facing 3 – 5 post-graduation years to proficiency, it is no wonder disillusion results in a shortage of 3.5 million cybersecurity experts.
Substantial Impact of Precipitants and Dispersant on the Structural and Optical Properties of CeO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: R Suresh , K Thirumal Valavan , M Justin Paul , T Indira Priyadharshini
Published: March 2022

Cerium oxide nanoparticles are prepared by simple precipitation method with various precipitants. The prepared samples are analyzed by XRD, FT-IR and PL. XRD confirms the occurrence of single-phase polycrystalline cubic fluorite structure with dominant orientation along (111) direction. The sharp band at 1415 cm-1 originated from –CH3 deformation and –CH2 scissoring vibrations of PVP, also A strong band at 848 and 400 cm-1 due to the envelope of the phonon band of the metal oxide (Ce-O) network obtained from FT-IR spectra. PL spectra exhibit the presence of strong blue and weak blue-green emission in the visible region. Additions of PVP strongly distress the peaks intensity of the samples.