bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The parametric analysis of the supported circular working interacting with the layered massif
Authors: Alkhdour Ahmad , Radkevych Anatolii , Tiutkin Oleksii , Bondarenko Nataliia
Published: January 2022

The underground construction is based on effective and rapid building of running tunnels that connect stations. The most effective technique of building is shield-driven tunneling. It is based on the application of a tunneling shield, it means, a special aggregate that excavates the ground and builds support. Even with the fact that it holds a surrounding massif, in the weak and layered rocks it is possible the formation of subsidence trough, namely, significant deformations of the daylight area. The solution of this geomechanical problem is possible on the basis of the parametric analysis of the supported circular working interacting with a layered massif. The results of the parametric analysis allow to predict deformation in the “tunneling shield – support of tunnel – surrounding massif” system. For the parametric analysis, the authors use a numerical method of finite elements based on the complex Structure Computer-Aided Design. The calculations of six supported workings with a variation of the properties of a layered massif are carried out. The results of the stress-strain state allow introducing the matrix of parameters into the prediction calculations, enabling quickly and effectively analyze the possible change in the material of support and provide recommendations for the technology of shield-driven tunneling.
Substantiation of technological solutions for the protection of water resources in the development of coal deposits
Authors: Pavlychenko Artem , Kulikova Daria , Borysovska Olena
Published: January 2022

In the case of mechanical treatment of mine water in settling tanks according to the existing technology the concentration of suspended solids during the discharge of clarified effluents into water bodies does not correspond to the maximum permissible content of mechanical impurities set for surface water bodies. The technology of mine water cleaning has been improved due to the introduction of a horizontal settling tank of modernized construction and installation of purification of fast open granular filters with downward liquid flow at the final stage. The expected technological parameters of the proposed horizontal settling tank for the conditions of water disposal of the operating coal mining enterprise are determined. The dependences between the depth of sedimentation of particles of the suspension of a certain hydraulic size in the proposed horizontal settling tank, its length and clarifying efficiency of mine water pre-treated with a solution of aluminium sulphate are obtained. It is established that the overall efficiency of clarifying of mine waters pumped to the surface by a coal mining enterprise, after treatment by the proposed technology will be 94-95% of the initial concentration of suspended solids, which does not exceed the relevant quality of surface water.
Ensuring the measurements on a stable mode for the powdered samples analyzer
Authors: Azarian Volodymyr , Hrytsenko Andrii , Cherkasov Oleksii , Iliasa Nikolae
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the study of factors affecting the measurement accuracy for the total iron in the powdered samples. The study aims to determine the effect of calibration, samples preparation process, staff skills, temperature, and other factors on measurement accuracy. The data received might potentially be used in the future to decrease the interference effect to lower the measurement calibration error for the powdered samples analyzer. As the result of the conducted studies, the interference level of the personnel on the identification of the valuable components; it has been established, that the potential measurement accuracy result has been achieved during the up to 3-month period. Ensuring the relevant measurement accuracy for the powdered samples analyzer will further allow lowering the number of conducted chemical analyses for the samples, which will have a certain economic effect in the form of reducing the expenditures of the enterprise.
Continuous-variable quantum repeaters based on bosonic error-correction and teleportation: architecture and applications
Authors: Wu Bo-Han , Zhang Zheshen , Zhuang Quntao
Published: January 2022

Quantum repeater is an essential ingredient for quantum networks that link distant quantum modules such as quantum computers and sensors. Motivated by distributed quantum computing and communication, quantum repeaters that relay discrete-variable quantum information have been extensively studied; while continuous-variable (CV) quantum information underpins a variety of quantum sensing and communication application, a quantum-repeater architecture for genuine CV quantum information remains largely unexplored. This paper reports a CV quantum-repeater architecture based on CV quantum teleportation assisted by the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code to significantly suppress the physical noise. The designed CV quantum-repeater architecture is shown to significantly improve the performance of entanglement-assisted communication, target detection based on quantum illumination and CV quantum key distribution, as three representative use cases for quantum communication and sensing.
Cosmological solutions from 5D N = 4 matter-coupled supergravity
Authors: Dao H L
Published: January 2022

From five-dimensional N = 4 matter-coupled gauged supergravity, smooth time-dependent cosmological solutions, connecting a dS
5−d
× H

d
(with d = 2, 3) spacetime at early times to a dS
5 spacetime at late times, are presented. The solutions are derived from the second-order equations of motion arising from all the gauged theories that can admit dS
5 solutions. There are eight such theories constructed from gauge groups of the form SO(1, 1) × G

nc
and

SO
(
1
,
1

)

diag

(
n
)

×

G

nc

, with n = 2, 3, where G

nc
is a non-compact gauge factor whose compact part must be embedded entirely in the matter symmetry group of 5D matter-coupled supergravity. Furthermore, we analyze how the cosmological solutions and their corresponding dS
5 vacua cannot arise from the first-order equations that solve the second-order field equations.
Growth of PbTe nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Schellingerhout Sander G , de Jong Eline J , Gomanko Maksim , Guan Xin , Jiang Yifan , Hoskam Max S M , Jung Jason , Koelling Sebastian , Moutanabbir Oussama , Verheijen Marcel A , Frolov Sergey M , Bakkers Erik P A M
Published: January 2022

Advances in quantum technology may come from the discovery of new materials systems that improve the performance or allow for new functionality in electronic devices. Lead telluride (PbTe) is a member of the group IV–VI materials family that has significant untapped potential for exploration. Due to its high electron mobility, strong spin–orbit coupling and ultrahigh dielectric constant it can host few-electron quantum dots and ballistic quantum wires with opportunities for control of electron spins and other quantum degrees of freedom. Here, we report the fabrication of PbTe nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy. We achieve defect-free single crystalline PbTe with large aspect ratios up to 50 suitable for quantum devices. Furthermore, by fabricating a single nanowire field effect transistor, we attain bipolar transport, extract the bandgap and observe Fabry–Pérot oscillations of conductance, a signature of quasiballistic transmission.
Gripton, James “Jim” Macpherson
Authors: Valentich Mary
Published: January 2022

Jim Gripton’s 60-year career as clinician, administrator, educator, researcher, and social justice advocate is characterized by innovative contributions to social work education and practice. He promoted social work as a research-based profession, introduced computers to his students and practitioners, advanced doctoral education in Canada, and helped develop Canadian social work organizations. He also fostered the development of social work practice in sexual problems, identified sexism in social work career practices, and advocated for equity for women.
The terrors of Northanger Abbey
Authors: Keymer Tom
Published: January 2022

‘The terrors of Northanger Abbey’ examines themes of politics and society in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey, a work first drafted in 1798–9 and sold to a publisher in 1803, though it did not appear in print until a few months after her death in 1817. Biographers often note immediately personal ways in which the long-term upheaval precipitated by the French Revolution impinged on Austen’s mind. More important is the impact on the novels, an impact at its most conspicuous in this case. In Northanger Abbey, Austen deftly registers the fraught atmosphere of the revolution decade as it haunts her characters’ imaginations. More emphatically, she registers this atmosphere by playing with witty virtuosity on the literature of terror, and specifically the Gothic novel, as it pervaded the marketplace for print in the 1790s.
The voices of Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Keymer Tom
Published: January 2022

‘The voices of Pride and Prejudice’ focuses on Jane Austen’s narrative technique in Pride and Prejudice (1813). It was voice that mattered above all in Austen’s art, and it is in Pride and Prejudice, a masterpiece of less-is-more narration, that this pioneering aspect of her achievement is most clearly seen. A standard explanation for Austen’s virtuoso handling of narrative voice is that key features of her technique originate in the tradition of epistolary fiction, but other eighteenth-century subgenres are also important. Free indirect discourse was prominent in Pride and Prejudice. Austen has long been seen as the first major exponent of this technique, and she exploits it here to satirical ends in particular.
The silence at Mansfield Park
Authors: Keymer Tom
Published: January 2022

‘The silence at Mansfield Park’ assesses Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park (1814) with reference to abolitionist sympathies within Austen’s milieu and, more broadly, the commitment to thematic seriousness that accompanied her growing sense of authorship as a professional vocation. Alongside the works she first drafted in the 1790s, there is a new artistic maturity about Mansfield Park, and with it a more recognizably conservative outlook on moral and social questions. At the same time, trenchant satirical implications persist. Mansfield Park is sometimes seen as a novel with a glaring blind spot: a novel that indicates the dependence of its characters on income from a contaminated source, but fails to integrate the issue of slavery within the overall moral scheme. The Bertrams prove disinclined to talk about the slave trade, and ‘a dead silence’ falls when the heroine raises the subject. Their silence is laden with telling ironies, however, and Austen, as ever, communicates messages of her own between the lines.
Physicalism
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail
Published: January 2022

‘Physicalism’ looks at the view that everything that exists today—including human minds—came about in virtue of the rearrangements of and interactions between the physical particles and forces that emerged after the universe’s birth. There are a number of different versions of physicalism: identity theory, functionalism, mysterianism, eliminativism, non-reductive physicalism, and emergentism. The concept of multiple realization allows for the same type of mental states to have different neural signatures and contrasts physicalism with panpsychism, the view that the fundamental components of the universe are conscious. Most physicalists maintain the strongest philosophical argument for physicalism, what has come to be known as ‘the causal argument for physicalism’.
Intentionality
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail
Published: January 2022

‘Intentionality’ asks: what is distinctive about the mind? Some philosophers have argued that the mark of the mental is intentionality: the mind’s ability to represent things in the world. Beliefs, perceptions, desires, and hopes are intentional since they are about, or in some sense point to, things in the world. Different intentional states are thought to have distinct ‘directions of fit’. There are four interrelated puzzling features of intentionality. In addition, there are three theories of intentionality (the pictorial, causal, and teleological). Does intentionality pose a problem for physicalism?
LBCEPred: a machine learning model to predict linear B-cell epitopes
Authors: Alghamdi Wajdi , Attique Muhammad , Alzahrani Ebraheem , Ullah Malik Zaka , Khan Yaser Daanial
Published: January 2022

B-cell epitopes have the capability to recognize and attach to the surface of antigen receptors to stimulate the immune system against pathogens. Identification of B-cell epitopes from antigens has a great significance in several biomedical and biotechnological applications, provides support in the development of therapeutics, design and development of an epitope-based vaccine and antibody production. However, the identification of epitopes with experimental mapping approaches is a challenging job and usually requires extensive laboratory efforts. However, considerable efforts have been placed for the identification of epitopes using computational methods in the recent past but deprived of considerable achievements. In this study, we present LBCEPred, a python-based web-tool (http://lbcepred.pythonanywhere.com/), build with random forest classifier and statistical moment-based descriptors to predict the B-cell epitopes from the protein sequences. LBECPred outperforms all sequence-based available models that are currently in use for the B-cell epitopes prediction, with 0.868 accuracy value and 0.934 area under the curve. Moreover, the prediction performance of proposed models compared to other state-of-the-art models is 56.3% higher on average for Mathews Correlation Coefficient. LBCEPred is easy to use tool even for novice users and has also shown the models stability and reliability, thus we believe in its significant contribution to the research community and the area of bioinformatics.
SeqWho: reliable, rapid determination of sequence file identity usingk-mer frequencies in Random Forest classifiers
Authors: Bennett Christopher , Thornton Micah , Park Chanhee , Henry Gervaise , Zhang Yun , Malladi Venkat , Kim Daehwan
Published: January 2022

Motivation

With the vast improvements in sequencing technologies and increased number of protocols, sequencing is being used to answer complex biological problems. Subsequently, analysis pipelines have become more time consuming and complicated, usually requiring highly extensive prevalidation steps. Here, we present SeqWho, a program designed to assess heuristically the quality of sequencing files and reliably classify the organism and protocol type by using Random Forest classifiers trained on biases native in k-mer frequencies and repeat sequence identities.

Results

Using one of our primary models, we show that our method accurately and rapidly classifies human and mouse sequences from nine different sequencing libraries by species, library and both together, 98.32%, 97.86% and 96.38% of the time, respectively. Ultimately, we demonstrate that SeqWho is a powerful method for reliably validating the quality and identity of the sequencing files used in any pipeline.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/DaehwanKimLab/seqwho.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Topoisomerase II dysfunction causes metaphase I arrest by activating Aurora B, SAC and MPF and prevents PB1 abscission in mouse oocytes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yuan Hong-Jie , Zhu Jiang , Gong Shuai , Luo Ming-Jiu , Tan Jing-He
Published: January 2022

Oocyte aneuploidy is caused mainly by chromosome nondisjunction and/or unbalanced sister chromatid pre-division. Although studies in somatic cells have shown that topoisomerase II (TOP2) plays important roles in chromosome condensation and timely separation of centromeres, little is known about its role during oocyte meiosis. Furthermore, because VP-16, which is a TOP2 inhibitor and induces DNA double strand breaks, is often used for ovarian cancer chemotherapy, its effects on oocytes must be studied for ovarian cancer patients to recover ovarian function following chemotherapy. This study showed that inhibiting TOP2 with either ICRF-193 or VP-16 during meiosis I impaired chromatin condensation, chromosome alignment, TOP2α localization, and caused metaphase I (MI) arrest and first polar body (PB1) abscission failure. Inhibiting or neutralizing either spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), Aurora B or maturation-promoting factor (MPF) significantly abolished the effect of ICRF-193 or VP-16 on MI arrest. Treatment with ICRF-193 or VP-16 significantly activated MPF and SAC but the effect disappeared when Aurora B was inhibited. Most of the oocytes matured in the presence of ICRF-193 or VP-16 were arrested at MI, and only 11–27% showed PB1 protrusion. Furthermore, most of the PB1 protrusions formed in the presence of ICRF-193 or VP-16 were retracted after further culture for 7 h. In conclusion, TOP2 dysfunction causes MI arrest by activating Aurora B, SAC, and MPF, and it prevents PB1 abscission by promoting chromatin bridges.
The Evolutionary Consequences of Dams and Other Barriers for Riverine Fishes
Authors: Zarri Liam J , Palkovacs Eric P , Post David M , Therkildsen Nina O , Flecker Alexander S
Published: January 2022

Dams and other anthropogenic barriers have caused global ecological and hydrological upheaval in the blink of the geological eye. In the present article, we synthesize 307 studies in a systematic review of contemporary evolution following reduced connectivity and habitat alteration on freshwater fishes. Genetic diversity loss was more commonly observed for small populations impounded in small habitat patches for many generations behind low-passability barriers. Studies show that impoundments can cause rapid adaptive evolution in migration timing, behavior, life history, temperature tolerance, and morphology, as well as reduce phenotypic variance, which can alter adaptive potential and ecological roles. Fish passage structures can restore migratory populations but also create artificial selection pressures on body size and migration. The accelerating pace of dam removals and the paucity of data for fishes other than salmonids, other vertebrates, invertebrates, and tropical and southern hemisphere organisms highlights the urgent need for more studies on the rapid evolutionary effects of dams.
Linking functional connectome gradient to individual creativity
Authors: Huo Tengbin , Xia Yunman , Zhuang Kaixiang , Chen Qunlin , Sun Jiangzhou , Yang Wenjing , Qiu Jiang
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Human brain network is organized as a hierarchical organization, exhibiting various connectome gradients. The principal gradient is anchored by the modality-specific primary areas and the transmodal regions. Previous studies have suggested that the unimodal-transmodal gradient in the functional connectome may offer an overarching framework for high-order cognitions of human brain. However, there is still a lacking of direct evidence to associate these two.

Objectives

Therefore, we aim to explore the association between creativity, a typical human high-order cognitive function, and unimodal-transmodal gradient, using two independent datasets of young adults.

Methods

For each individual, we identified the unimodal-transmodal gradient in functional connectome and calculated its global measures. Then we correlated the individual creativity score with measures of unimodal-transmodal gradient at global-brain, subsystem, and regional level.

Results

The results suggested that better creative performance was associated with greater distance between primary areas and transmodal regions in gradient axes, and less distance between ventral attention network and default mode network. Individual creativity was also found positively correlated with regional gradients in ventral attention network, and negatively correlated with gradients of regions in visual cortex.

Conclusion

Together, these findings directly link the unimodal-transmodal gradient to individual creativity, providing empirical evidence for the cognitive implications of functional connectome gradient.
How shared goals shape action monitoring
Authors: Sacheli Lucia Maria , Musco Margherita Adelaide , Zazzera Elisa , Banfi Giuseppe , Paulesu Eraldo
Published: January 2022

Cooperation triggers expectations on our partners’ contributions to achieve a common goal. A partner, however, may sometimes violate such expectations, driving us to perform immediate adjustments. What neurophysiological mechanisms support these adaptations? We tested the hypothesis of an interaction-specific brain system that can decode a partner’s error and promote adaptive responses when cooperating toward a shared goal. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, the participants played short melodies with a virtual partner by performing one note each in turn-taking. A colored cue indicated which melody they had to execute at each trial, thus generating expectations on what notes the partner would play. The participants also performed the task in a perceptually matched Non-Interactive context. The results showed that task interactivity modulates the brain responses to a partner’s error in dorsal fronto-temporoparietal and medial cingulo-opercular networks. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed that these neural activations reflect deep decoding of the partner’s mistake. Within these networks, the automatic tendency to correct the partner’s errors, as indexed by specific reaction times adaptations, depended on the activity of a right-lateralized fronto-opercular system that may enable mutual support during real-life cooperation. Future studies may unveil the role of this putative “interaction monitoring” brain system in social dysfunctions and their motor foundations.
Simulating the situated-self drives hippocampo-cortical engagement during inner narration of events
Authors: Bergouignan Loretxu , Paz-Alonso Pedro M
Published: January 2022

We often use inner narration when thinking about past and future events. The present paradigm explicitly addresses the influence of the language used in inner narration on the hippocampus-dependent event construction process. We assessed the language context effect during the inner narration of different event types: past, future, daydream, and self-unrelated fictitious events. The language context was assessed via a fluent bilingual population who used inner narration, either in their first language (L1) or second language (L2). Not all inner narration of events elicited hippocampo-cortical activity. In fact, only the angular gyrus and precuneus-retrosplenial cortex were activated by inner narration across all event types. More precisely, only inner narration of events which entailed the simulation of bodily self-location in space (whether or not they were time-marked: past, future, daydream) depended on the hippocampo-cortical system, while inner narration of events that did not entail bodily self-location (self-unrelated fictitious) did not. The language context of the narration influenced the bilinguals’ hippocampo-cortical system by enhancing the co-activation of semantic areas with the hippocampus for inner narration of events in the L2. Overall, this study highlights 2 important characteristics of hippocampo-cortical-dependent inner narration of events: The core episodic hippocampal system is activated for inner narration of events simulating self-location in space (regardless of time-marking), and the inner language used for narration (L1 or L2) mediates hippocampal functional connectivity.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics among kidney transplant recipients 3 months after BNT162b2 vaccination: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yelin Dana , Rozen-Zvi Benaya , Yahav Dafna , Ben-Dor Naomi , Steinmetz Tali , Agur Timna , Zingerman Boris , Schneider Shira , Lichtenberg Shelly , Ben-Zvi Haim , Mashraki Tiki , Rahamimov Ruth
Published: January 2022

Data regarding immunogenicity of mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines among kidney transplant recipients in the months following vaccination are lacking. We aimed to investigate humoral immune response at 3–4 months post-vaccination among a cohort of kidney transplant recipients, compared with a control group of dialysis patients. Anti-spike antibodies were tested at 1 and 3–4 months after vaccination. Of 259 kidney transplant recipients tested at a median time of 110 days from second vaccine dose, 99 (38%) were seropositive, compared with 83% (101/122) of control patients. Younger age, better renal function and lower immunosuppression levels were associated with seropositivity. A total of 14% (13/94) of participants seropositive at 1 month became seronegative at follow-up and 11% (18/165) became seropositive. The latter were mainly individuals with higher antibody levels at 1 month. Antibody levels at 3–4 months were significantly reduced in both study groups, although the decline was more pronounced in the control group. Kidney transplant recipients present poor antibody response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with only 38% seropositive at 3–4 months. Nevertheless, the decay in antibody response over time is modest, and some patients may present delayed response, reaching adequate antibody levels at 3–4 months. Low seropositivity rates in this group call for investigating other immunization strategies.
Role is in the eye of the beholder—the multiple functions of the antibacterial compound tropodithietic acid produced by marine Rhodobacteraceae
Authors: Henriksen Nathalie N S E , Lindqvist Laura L , Wibowo Mario , Sonnenschein Eva C , Bentzon-Tilia Mikkel , Gram Lone
Published: January 2022

Many microbial secondary metabolites have been studied for decades primarily because of their antimicrobial properties. However, several of these metabolites also possess nonantimicrobial functions, both influencing the physiology of the producer and their ecological neighbors. An example of a versatile bacterial secondary metabolite with multiple functions is the tropone derivative tropodithietic acid (TDA). TDA is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound produced by several members of the Rhodobacteraceae family, a major marine bacterial lineage, within the genera Phaeobacter, Tritonibacter, and Pseudovibrio. The production of TDA is governed by the mode of growth and influenced by the availability of nutrient sources. The antibacterial effect of TDA is caused by disruption of the proton motive force of target microorganisms and, potentially, by its iron-chelating properties. TDA also acts as a signaling molecule, affecting gene expression in other bacteria, and altering phenotypic traits such as motility, biofilm formation, and antibiotic production in the producer. In microbial communities, TDA-producing bacteria cause a reduction of the relative abundance of closely related species and some fast-growing heterotrophic bacteria. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the chemical ecology of TDA, including the environmental niches of TDA-producing bacteria, and the molecular mechanisms governing the function and regulation of TDA.
The Inner World of Pedro García Cabrera
Authors: Morris C Brian
Published: January 2022

When he signed the manifesto published in Tenerife in 1935 to mark the Second International Surrealist Exhibition, Pedro García Cabrera (1905–1981) ratified the fascination exercised on him by a movement that, he recalled in 1979, ‘representaba el descubrimiento del mundo interior del hombre’ [represented the discovery of man’s inner world]. That discovery generated three works: a story he categorized as a ‘narración surrealista,’ Los senos de tinta [Breasts of Ink; 1934], and two books of poetry that responded to Surrealism in different ways. By constructing the eight poems of Dársena con despertadores [Dock with Alarm Clocks; 1936] out of two lists of words he had assembled, he achieved what he called ‘un cierto automatismo síquico’ [a certain psychic automatism] and coined images ‘siguiendo los contornos de lo absurdo’ [following the contours of the absurd]. His experiments with words became a psychic imperative in Entre la guerra y tú [Between War and You; 1936–39], whose poems are like the ‘móviles delirios’ [mobile ravings] he mentioned in one of them, a phrase that evokes the mind that reacts to the disorder of war and imprisonment and the images generated by it.
Indirect joint petrophysical inversion of synthetic shallow-seismic and multi-offset ground-penetrating radar data
Authors: Qin Tan , Bohlen Thomas , Pan Yudi
Published: January 2022

Both full-waveform inversion (FWI) of shallow-seismic and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surface recordings have received particular attention in the past decade since they can reconstruct seismic and electromagnetic properties at high resolution. For consistent near-surface imaging, seismic and GPR wavefields can be combined by joint petrophysical inversion (JPI) using classical time-domain FWI. In conventional JPI of wavefields, both shallow-seismic and multi-offset GPR data contribute to reconstructing the same petrophysical parameters. In this paper, we show that seismic and GPR wavefields have different sensitivities to these parameters assuming the widely established petrophysical model combining the Gassmann fluid substitution model, the complex refractive index model and Archie’s equation. Based on this observation, we propose a new coupling strategy of petrophysical parameters which we call indirect JPI. In indirect JPI, seismic data is primarily used for porosity reconstruction, while GPR data is used only for saturation reconstruction. Unlike conventional JPI, we first update the seismic and GPR parameters using non-petrophysical parametrizations and then transform the most reliable estimates to petrophysical parameters. 2-D synthetic tests show that indirect JPI can provide more accurate and consistent results than conventional JPI. In addition, indirect JPI is more robust when uncertainties exist in petrophysical a priori knowledge. More importantly, indirect JPI has the flexibility to integrate different types of seismic and electromagnetic waves and acquisition geometries depending on the target of interest, resulting in the best solution. Indirect JPI has been proven to be a promising approach for multiparameter reconstructions (seven parameters in this study).
Measuring information overload and message fatigue toward COVID-19 prevention messages in USA and China
Authors: Jia Xiaofeng , Ahn Soyeon , Carcioppolo Nicholas
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 prevention messages are a crucial component of disease mitigation strategies and the primary driver of health decision-making during the global pandemic. However, the constant and repetitive nature of COVID-19 messaging may cause unintended consequences. Among the commonly observed phenomena are information overload and message fatigue, which might be experienced differently depending on cultural background. Using measurement invariance testing, this study compared how individuals from two countries—USA (n = 493) and China (n = 571)—experienced information overload and message fatigue toward COVID-19 prevention messages. Findings revealed that people in China showed significantly lower level of information overload and message fatigue than those in the USA. This study explores the extent of the unintended persuasive effects that people have experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in different societies, a comparison which has never been studied before, even outside of the context of COVID-19. The study also provides much-needed practical insights to develop public health initiatives that improve COVID-19 prevention communication, which can further reduce these unintended effects in both countries, and has implications for other countries as well.
Theology and Genealogies of Religious Studies
Authors: Jacobs-Vandegeer Christiaan
Published: January 2022

In its relatively short life, the discipline of religious studies has issued several challenges to theology. The currency of genealogical strategies in the study of religion changes the nature of the disciplinary contest because these strategies challenge both disciplines to account for their normative dimensions. In this article, I show how different scholars and theologians typically negotiate the relationship between theology and genealogies of religion by closing off historicist inquiries in directions that either reduce or preserve the analytic value of the discourses of religion. These two options (either/or) cross disciplinary boundaries and relativize matters of belief and unbelief. Drawing on Robert Orsi’s work, I argue for a third option, which opens the study of religion and theology to competing presences, and distinguishes, as Bruno Latour does, the procedures of multiplying networks of actors from composing a common world. This third option suggests a freer, more collaborative vision of academic life.
Seeking Balance in How the International Criminal Court Communicates Prosecution and Defence Narratives to the Public
Authors: Herz Michael
Published: January 2022

In the aftermath of atrocities, international criminal trials become forums for telling stories about the alleged crimes. These stories are presented by the prosecution and defence, before being distilled into a judicial narrative by the judges. The International Criminal Court (ICC) faces the challenge of communicating this plurality of narratives to the public, who want to know in certain terms what crimes happened, why they happened and who was responsible. The decisive answers to these questions are in the judicial narrative, but this is unavailable until many years into the proceedings. For most of the time, the ICC has to find a coherent way of presenting the conflicting narratives of the prosecution and defence to the outside world. This article argues that neither party can claim to have more accurate narratives than the other, so their accounts should be heard by the public equally. The value of communicating their narratives is not to hold them up as the truth, but to demonstrate how the legal process can accommodate competing versions of events and arrive at the authoritative narrative after hearing both sides and testing their evidence. The public may currently have a distorted impression of this process at the ICC given that the prosecution, as an organ, can amplify its narratives in public using institutional resources not available to the defence. The article recommends providing the defence an equal platform for communication as is offered to the prosecution. While this comes with some risks, such as potentially platforming denialist narratives, these can be mitigated through, for instance, contextualizing the narratives that come from the Court. In any event, the risks are outweighed by the potential benefits, including improving the perception of the Court’s impartiality and legitimacy in communities where the ICC might be lacking it most.
Identification of Mitochondrial DNA Variants Associated With Risk of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Chang Xiao , Liu Yichuan , Glessner Joseph , Hou Cuiping , Qu Huiqi , Nguyen Kenny , Sleiman Patrick , Lee Lobin , Diskin Sharon J , Maris John M , Hakonarson Hakon
Published: January 2022

Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer that originates in the developing sympathetic nervous system. We previously reported a crucial role of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in the pathology of neuroblastoma. To pinpoint mitochondrial DNA variants associated with neuroblastoma risk, we applied a mitochondrial genome imputation pipeline to the single nucleotide polymorphisms array data of 2 pediatric cohorts containing a total of 2404 neuroblastoma patients and 9310 cancer-free controls. All statistical tests were 2-sided. The single nucleotide variant, rs2853493, was statistically significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk in the discovery cohort (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.53 to 0.72, P < .001) and further confirmed in the replication cohort (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 0.90, P = .002). Further, expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicated genotypes of rs2853493 were associated with expression levels of MT-CYB gene expression in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting rs2853493 may confer risk to neuroblastoma via regulating the expression level of its nearby genes.
Lipids in photosynthetic protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
Authors: Yoshihara Akiko , Kobayashi Koichi
Published: January 2022

In the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, many proteins involved in photosynthesis are associated with or integrated into the fluid bilayer matrix formed by four unique glycerolipid classes, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies have revealed that these glycerolipids play essential roles not only in the formation of thylakoid lipid bilayers but also in the assembly and functions of photosynthetic complexes. Moreover, considerable advances in structural biology have identified a number of lipid molecules within the photosynthetic complexes such as PSI and PSII. These data have provided important insights into the association of lipids with protein subunits in photosynthetic complexes and the distribution of lipids in the thylakoid membrane. Here, we summarize recent high-resolution observations of lipid molecules in the structures of photosynthetic complexes from plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, and evaluate the distribution of lipids among photosynthetic protein complexes and thylakoid lipid bilayers. By integrating the structural information into the findings from biochemical and molecular genetic studies, we highlight the conserved and differentiated roles of lipids in the assembly and functions of photosynthetic complexes among plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
Extending dynamic logic with refinements of abstract actions
Authors: Roos Nico
Published: January 2022

Humans can make a plan by refining abstract actions. Dynamic logic, which enables reasoning about the dynamics of actions, does not support this form of planning. This paper investigates the extension of dynamic logic with a refinement relation that specifies how an abstract action can be refined into a more specific (composite) action. The paper investigates the properties of the refinement relation, the derivation of the refinement relation and a proof system based on a prefixed-tableau.
Recommendations for Improving Stop the Bleed: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nichols Ryoma , Horstman Jordan
Published: January 2022

Introduction

In response to mass casualty events, The Hartford Consensus brought together subject matter experts across multiple disciplines in health care and public safety to create guidelines and publications intended to improve survivability in active shooter events. Among the recommendations was the earlier recognition and treatment application of life-threatening hemorrhage control. These recommendations culminated in efforts to create the Stop the Bleed Campaign, which aims to empower the layperson to render aid in a life-threatening bleeding emergency. As of February 2020, the program has held over 86,000 courses, trained over 1.4 million attendees, and over 77,000 instructors since its inception. In addition to spreading within the United States, American College of Surgeons (ACS) Stop the Bleed (StB) classes have been held in 118 different countries. This systematic narrative review aims to answer the following research question: What does the ACS StB Initiative do well, and where can it improve?

Materials and Methods

The following search terms were utilized: “Stop the Bleed,” “American College of Surgeons,” “bleeding control,” “first-aid,” tourniquet, “wound pack,” “direct pressure” hemorrhage, and bystander. The inclusion criteria were that the article needed to speak to the program or some aspect of bystander first aid, the article needed to be in a civilian setting, the article needed to be more than a case study or overview, and the first aid tools needed to be in the StB curriculum. 4 databases were searched, which produced 138 articles for screening. One hundred four full-text articles were able to be retrieved, and 56 articles were determined to meet the inclusion criteria once the full text was reviewed.

Results

Fifty-six articles were included in the final review and were placed into the following categories: Needs Within the Community, Confidence and Knowledge, Training Modalities, Barriers and Gaps in Training, Instructor Selection, Skill Retention, and Patient Outcomes. The articles were then organized into each outcome for synthesis and reporting of the results. The program overwhelmingly improves short-term confidence, but gaps in skill retention, data collection on patient outcomes, and settings that would benefit were identified.

Conclusion

StB is an effective tool in building confidence in laypersons, which is its biggest strength. A review of the literature shows several areas where the curriculum and materials could be better developed. Research can also be further refined to better quantify the program’s impact.
Radio halo of NGC 4631: comparing observations and simulations
Authors: Vijayan Aditi , Dwarakanath K S , Nath Biman B , Kale Ruta
Published: January 2022

We present low-frequency observations at 315 and 745 MHz of the edge-on, nearby galaxy NGC 4631 with upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We compare the observed surface brightness profiles along the minor axis of the galaxy with those obtained from hydrodynamical simulations of galactic outflows. These are 3D simulations that replicate star formation in a Milky-Way-sized galaxy and follow magnetized outflows emerging from the disc. We detect a plateau-like feature in the observed emission at a height of 2–3 kpc from the mid-plane of the galaxy, in qualitative agreement with that expected from simulations. This feature is believed to be due to the compression of magnetic fields behind the outer shocks of galactic outflows. We model the observed surface brightness profiles by assuming an exponential as well as a Gaussian fitting model. Using χ2 statistics, we find that the exponential model fits the profiles better and we use it to determine the scale heights. We estimate the scale height for the synchrotron radio emission to be ∼1 kpc. The time-scales for advection due to outflows and diffusion of cosmic ray electrons are ≳5 and ∼160 Myr, respectively. Because advection acts on a time-scale much shorter than diffusion, we conclude that in NGC 4631 advection, rather than diffusion, plays the dominant role in the formation of radio halo. The spectral index image with regions of flatter radio spectral index in the halo appears to indicate possible effects of gas outflow from the plane of the galaxy.
Far and extreme UV radiation feedback in molecular clouds and its influence on the mass and size of star clusters
Authors: Fukushima Hajime , Yajima Hidenobu
Published: January 2022

We study the formation of star clusters in molecular clouds by performing three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations with far-ultraviolet (FUV; 6 eV≦hν≦13.6 eV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV; hν≧13.6 eV) radiative feedback. We find that the FUV feedback significantly suppresses the star formation in diffuse clouds with the initial surface densities of $\Sigma _{\rm cl} \lesssim \rm 50~M_{\odot } \,\, pc^{-2}$. In the cases of clouds with $\Sigma _{\rm cl} \sim \rm 100-200~M_{\odot } \,\, pc^{-2}$, the EUV feedback plays a main role and decrease the star formation efficiencies less than 0.3. We show that thermal pressure from photodissociation regions or H ii regions disrupts the clouds and makes the size of the star clusters larger. Consequently, the clouds with the mass $M_{\rm cl} \lesssim 10^{5}~\rm M_{\odot }$ and the surface density $\Sigma _{\rm cl} \lesssim 200~\rm M_{\odot }\,\, pc^{-2}$ remain the star clusters with the stellar densities of $\sim 100~\rm M_{\odot }\,\, pc^{-3}$ that nicely match the observed open clusters in the Milky Way. If the molecular clouds are massive ($M_{\rm cl} \gtrsim 10^{5}~\rm M_{\odot }$) and compact ($\Sigma \gtrsim 400~\rm M_{\odot }\,\, pc^{-2}$), the radiative feedback is not effective and they form massive dense cluster with the stellar densities of $\sim 10^{4}~\rm M_{\odot }\,\, pc^{-3}$ like observed globular clusters or young massive star clusters. Thus, we suggest that the radiative feedback and the initial conditions of molecular clouds are key factors inducing the variety of the observed star clusters.
The interaction between RPAP3 and TRBP reveals a possible involvement of the HSP90/R2TP chaperone complex in the regulation of miRNA activity
Authors: Abel Yoann , Charron Christophe , Virciglio Camille , Bourguignon-Igel Valérie , Quinternet Marc , Chagot Marie-Eve , Robert Marie-Cécile , Verheggen Céline , Branlant Christiane , Bertrand Edouard , Manival Xavier , Charpentier Bruno , Rederstorff Mathieu
Published: January 2022

MicroRNAs silence mRNAs by guiding the RISC complex. RISC assembly occurs following cleavage of pre-miRNAs by Dicer, assisted by TRBP or PACT, and the transfer of miRNAs to AGO proteins. The R2TP complex is an HSP90 co-chaperone involved in the assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles. Here, we show that the R2TP component RPAP3 binds TRBP but not PACT. The RPAP3-TPR1 domain interacts with the TRBP-dsRBD3, and the 1.5 Å resolution crystal structure of this complex identifies key residues involved in the interaction. Remarkably, binding of TRBP to RPAP3 or Dicer is mutually exclusive. Additionally, we found that AGO(1/2), TRBP and Dicer are all sensitive to HSP90 inhibition, and that TRBP sensitivity is increased in the absence of RPAP3. Finally, RPAP3 seems to impede miRNA activity, raising the possibility that the R2TP chaperone might sequester TRBP to regulate the miRNA pathway.
The intrinsically disordered TSSC4 protein acts as a helicase inhibitor, placeholder and multi-interaction coordinator during snRNP assembly and recycling
Authors: Bergfort Alexandra , Hilal Tarek , Kuropka Benno , Ilik İbrahim Avşar , Weber Gert , Aktaş Tuğçe , Freund Christian , Wahl Markus C
Published: January 2022

Biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and their recycling after splicing require numerous assembly/recycling factors whose modes of action are often poorly understood. The intrinsically disordered TSSC4 protein has been identified as a nuclear-localized U5 snRNP and U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP assembly/recycling factor, but how TSSC4’s intrinsic disorder supports TSSC4 functions remains unknown. Using diverse interaction assays and cryogenic electron microscopy-based structural analysis, we show that TSSC4 employs four conserved, non-contiguous regions to bind the PRPF8 Jab1/MPN domain and the SNRNP200 helicase at functionally important sites. It thereby inhibits SNRNP200 helicase activity, spatially aligns the proteins, coordinates formation of a U5 sub-module and transiently blocks premature interaction of SNRNP200 with at least three other spliceosomal factors. Guided by the structure, we designed a TSSC4 variant that lacks stable binding to the PRPF8 Jab1/MPN domain or SNRNP200 in vitro. Comparative immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry from HEK293 nuclear extract revealed distinct interaction profiles of wild type TSSC4 and the variant deficient in PRPF8/SNRNP200 binding with snRNP proteins, other spliceosomal proteins as well as snRNP assembly/recycling factors and chaperones. Our findings elucidate molecular strategies employed by an intrinsically disordered protein to promote snRNP assembly, and suggest multiple TSSC4-dependent stages during snRNP assembly/recycling.