bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of dopamine transporter PET measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kerstens Vera S. , Fazio Patrik , Sundgren Mathias , Matheson Granville J. , Franzén Erika , Halldin Christer , Cervenka Simon , Svenningsson Per , Varrone Andrea
Published: August 2020

Background

Reliable quantification of dopamine transporter (DAT), a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), is essential for diagnostic purposes as well as for evaluation of potential disease-modifying treatment. Due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and thus lower expected radioligand binding to DAT, higher measurement variability in PD patients might be expected than earlier reproducibility results in healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to examine the test-retest properties of [18F]FE-PE2I-PET in PD patients.

Methods

Nine patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3) were included (men/women 6/3; mean age 65.2 ± 6.8 years). Each patient underwent two [18F]FE-PE2I-PET measurements within 7–28 days. The outcome measure was non-displaceable binding potential generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging with cerebellum as reference region. We assessed test-retest performance using estimates of reliability and repeatability. Regions for primary analysis were caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra. Exploratory analysis was performed for functional subdivisions of the striatum. We also compared the more vs. less affected side.

Results

[18F]FE-PE2I showed absolute variability estimates of 5.3–7.6% in striatal regions and 11% in substantia nigra and ICCs of 0.74–0.97 (median 0.91). The absolute variability for functional striatal subdivisions was 6.0–9.6% and ICCs of 0.76–0.91 (median 0.91). The less affected substantia nigra exhibited greater consistency than the more affected side. According to power calculations based on the current sample size, DAT changes of 5–11% in the striatum and 28% in the substantia nigra can be detected with a power of 0.8 (p < 0.0125).

Conclusion

DAT-PET measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in PD patients showed good repeatability and reliability. The slightly lower reliability in the substantia nigra in patients may be explained by lower DAT density and smaller anatomical size. Power calculations suggest that [18F]FE-PE2I PET is a suitable marker for longitudinal DAT decline in PD.

Trial registration

EudraCT 2017-003327-29
Y chromosome in health and diseases
Authors: Lau Yun-Fai Chris
Published: August 2020

Sex differences are prevalent in normal development, physiology and disease pathogeneses. Recent studies have demonstrated that mosaic loss of Y chromosome and aberrant activation of its genes could modify the disease processes in male biased manners. This mini review discusses the nature of the genes on the human Y chromosome and identifies two general categories of genes: those sharing dosage-sensitivity functions with their X homologues and those with testis-specific expression and functions. Mosaic loss of the former disrupts the homeostasis important for the maintenance of health while aberrant activation of the latter promotes pathogenesis in non-gonadal tissues, thereby contributing to genetic predispositions to diseases in men.
Predictive factors for sepsis by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli in adult critical patients in Rio de Janeiro: a case-case-control design in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lima Elisangela M. , Cid Patrícia A. , Beck Debora S. , Pinheiro Luiz Henrique Z. , Tonhá João Pedro S. , Alves Marcio Z. O. , Lourenço Newton D. , Santos Roberto Q. , Asensi Marise D. , Marques José Aurélio , Bandeira Carolina S. , Rodrigues Caio Augusto S. , Gomes Junior Saint Clair S. , Gomes Marisa Z. R. ,   the Nucleus of Hospital Research study collaborators, Magalhães Glória Regina A. A. , Silva Priscila P. , Reis Di Chiara Scyla Maria S. A. S. , Machado Amanda Aparecida S. , Tozo Thaisa M. , Rosas Lucas Lameirão P. A. , Barros Paulo C. M. , de Freitas Wania V. , Assef Ana Paula D. C.
Published: August 2020

Background

Studies have investigated risk factors for infections by specific species of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), but few considered the group of GNB species and most of them were performed in the setting of bacteremia or hospital infection. This study was implemented to identify risk factors for sepsis by CR- and carbapenem-susceptible (CS) GNB in intensive care unit (ICU) patients to improve management strategies for CR-GNB sepsis.

Methods

We developed a case-case-control study from a prospective cohort of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 criteria in which blood and other sample cultures were collected and antimicrobial therapy was instituted, in an adult clinical-surgical ICU, at tertiary public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from August 2015 through March 2017.

Results

Among the total of 629 ICU admissions followed by 7797 patient-days, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria we identified 184 patients who developed recurrent or single hospital-acquired sepsis. More than 90% of all evaluable cases of sepsis and 87% of control group fulfilled the modified sepsis-3 definition. Non-fermenting bacilli and ventilator-associated pneumonia predominated as etiology and source of CR-GNB sepsis. While Enterobacteriaceae and intra-abdominal surgical site plus urinary-tract infections prevailed in CS-GNB than CR-GNB sepsis. Carbapenemase production was estimated in 76% of CR-GNB isolates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed previous infection (mostly hospital-acquired bacterial infection or sepsis) (OR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.77–10.35), mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.21; 95% CI 1.17–15.18), carbapenem use (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.37–8.52) and length of hospital stay (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.05) as independent risk factors for sepsis by CR-GNB. While ICU readmission (OR = 6.92; 95% CI 1.72–27.78) and nosocomial diarrhea (OR = 5.32; 95% CI 1.07–26.45) were factors associated with CS-GNB sepsis.

Conclusions

The investigation of recurrent and not only bacteremic episodes of sepsis was the differential of this study. The results are in agreement with the basic information in the literature. This may help improve management strategies and future studies on sepsis by CR-GNB.
Effect of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) on goblet cell density and inflammation in experimental dry eye model
Authors: Kim Kyung-A , Lee Chung Hyun , Kang Tae Kyeom , Yang Sung Jae , Lee Chang Yong , Lee Wook-Bin , Jung Sang Hoon
Published: August 2020

The efficacy of ethanol extract ofDiospyros kaki(EEDK) on dry eye (DE) was determined using an experimental mouse model. Experimental groups included three treated with various amounts of EEDK and one treated with omega-3 for 2 weeks. Damage to the ocular surface was evaluated, and the presence of conjunctival goblet cells was determined. Moreover, the inflammatory response was analyzed via RT-PCR analysis and a reporter gene assay. Fluorescein staining intensity decreased in the EEDK treatment group, and goblet cell density increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in human corneal epithelial cells treated with Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)-4. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated at the mRNA level upon treatment with EEDK. Furthermore, EEDK regulated Pam3CSK4-induced gene expression through interferon regulatory factors. EEDK effectively improves the conjunctival goblet cell density and reduces the inflammatory response by reducing interferon regulatory factor activation downstream of Toll-like receptors in DE. Therefore, EEDK could be beneficial agents for preventing and treating DE.
Microfinance services for smallholder farmers: an assessment from rice farmers’ expectations in Central Benin
Authors: Dossou Smith A. R. , Aoudji Augustin K. N. , Houessou Albertine M. , Kaki Rodrigue S.
Published: August 2020

This study analyzed the adequacy between credit supply and the expectations of rice farmers in Central Benin to define policies for improved agricultural-oriented financial services. A survey was conducted in October 2016 among 120 rice farmers randomly selected from six rice-farming villages. Data collected through structured and semi-structured interviews included the financial services offered by Microfinance Institutions, socio-demographic characteristics of rice farmers, their expectations and perception. Multivariate analysis combining hierarchical ascending cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the distinct groups of rice farmers according to their credit expectations. The unmet expectations of rice farmers for a credit scheme that suits their needs were identified based on the gaps between their expectations and perception. There were three rice farmers’ clusters with distinct characteristics based on their expectations. These farmers were not satisfied with all the attributes of the current credit scheme. Pending the effectiveness of the agricultural bank, the approaches such as the inventory credit system are useful in facilitating credit access to smallholder farmers. It is also essential to combine credit supply with financial education and technical support in a system such as contract farming.
Lipid-specific IgMs induce antiviral responses in the CNS: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hayden Lorna , Semenoff Tiia , Schultz Verena , Merz Simon F. , Chapple Katie J. , Rodriguez Moses , Warrington Arthur E. , Shi Xiaohong , McKimmie Clive S. , Edgar Julia M. , Thümmler Katja , Linington Chris , Pingen Marieke
Published: August 2020

Progressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a potentially fatal encephalitis caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV). PML principally affects people with a compromised immune system, such as patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving treatment with natalizumab. However, intrathecal synthesis of lipid-reactive IgM in MS patients is associated with a markedly lower incidence of natalizumab-associated PML compared to those without this antibody repertoire. Here we demonstrate that a subset of lipid-reactive human and murine IgMs induce a functional anti-viral response that inhibits replication of encephalitic Alpha and Orthobunyaviruses in multi-cellular central nervous system cultures. These lipid-specific IgMs trigger microglia to produce IFN-β in a cGAS-STING-dependent manner, which induces an IFN-α/β-receptor 1-dependent antiviral response in glia and neurons. These data identify lipid-reactive IgM as a mediator of anti-viral activity in the nervous system and provide a rational explanation why intrathecal synthesis of lipid-reactive IgM correlates with a reduced incidence of iatrogenic PML in MS.
Characterization of anti-plasmodial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory fraction of Maytenus senegalensis (lam.) Exell leaf extract in mice
Authors: Jigam Ali A. , Musa Rachael , Abdullahi Abdulkadir , Lawal Bashir
Published: August 2020

Background

The treatment inadequacy and toxicity associated with conventional anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs has called for the search of alternatives from medicinal plants, particularly, their phytochemicals with inherent pharmacological properties. In the present study, purified fraction ofM. senegalensisleaf was evaluated for antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Method

Antimalarial study was conducted againstPlasmodium chabaudiandPlasmodium bergheiusing 4 days suppressive test, while anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were conducted using egg albumin induced paw oedema and acetic acid induced pain model respectively. Sub-acute toxicity was assessed using serum biochemical parameters following 3 weeks administrations of the purified fraction.

Results

The purified fraction ofM. senegalensisleaf shows dose dependent antiplasmodial activity with percentage curative effects of 15.24 ± 0.89, 45.70 ± 3.43 and 48.50 ± 4.56 at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw againstPlasmodium chabaudiand % curative effects of 44.25 ± 3.21, 72.74 ± 6.54 and 76.30 ± 8.32 respectively againstPlasmodium berghei.The purified fraction exhibited 53.16 ± 4.09 and 60.76 ± 7.54 anti-inflammatory effect, 43.35 ± 4.98% and 44.83 ± 3.86% analgesic effect at 75 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 20α)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-24-nor-friedela-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-carboxylic acid-(29)-methylester, 2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro- and 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-ol and a terpenes (phytol) as the major antimalarial compounds in the fraction. The purified fraction increases the serum total proteins and transaminases concentrations but had no effect on serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and glucose in the mice.

Conclusion

The purified fraction ofM. senegalensisleaf exhibited promising antimalarial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, could serve as a template for the synthesis of new drug.
Anti-diabetic effects of pomegranate extracts in long-term high fructose-fat fed rats
Authors: Amri Zahra , Ben Khedher Mohamed Raâfet , Zaibi Mohamed Sghaier , Kharroubi Wafa , Turki Mouna , Ayadi Fatma , Hammami Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Background

A high-sugar or/and high-fat diets is a major risk factors for obesity. However, increased fruit and vegetable intake has been recently linked to obesity prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of pomegranate leaves (PL), juice (PJ) and peel (PP) extracts, on insulin resistance and oxidative stress in high fat and high fructose diet-induced obese rats.

Methods

Obesity in rats was induced by consumption of diet high in saturated fat and fructose (HFD) for a long period (12 weeks).

Results

Compared to the control group (CG) fed chow died, the high fat and high fructose diet (HFD) group showed a significant increase in the fasted plasma levels of glucose (29.8%), insulin (45%), amylase (70%) and lipase (54%). Moreover, HFD feeding has increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and decreased antioxidant enzymes levels. However, PL, PJ and PP treatment markedly prevents glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and oxidative stress and decrease amylase and lipase levels.

Conclusion

These findings highlight that a long-term intake of pomegranate extracts might be a potential alternative strategy for the prevention of a HFD induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
3D-printed titanium implant with pre-mounted dental implants for mandible reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Park Jung-Hyun , Odkhuu Michidgerel , Cho Sura , Li Jingwen , Park Bo-Young , Kim Jin-Woo
Published: August 2020

Background

This clinical case presented a novel method of segmental mandible reconstruction using 3D-printed titanium implant with pre-mounted dental implants that was planned to rehabilitate occlusion.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old male who suffered osteoradionecrosis due to the radiation after squamous cell carcinoma resection. The 3D-printed titanium implant with pre-mounted dental implant fixtures was simulated and fabricated with selective laser melting method. The implant was successfully inserted, and the discontinuous mandible defect was rehabilitated without postoperative infection or foreign body reaction during follow-ups, until a year.

Conclusions

The 3D-printed titanium implant would be the one of the suitable treatment modalities for mandible reconstruction considering all the aspect of mandibular functions.
Image-based biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Galbusera Fabio , Cina Andrea , Panico Matteo , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo
Published: August 2020

Finite element modeling is a precious tool for the investigation of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. A key element for the development of anatomically accurate, state-of-the art finite element models is medical imaging. Indeed, the workflow for the generation of a finite element model includes steps which require the availability of medical images of the subject of interest: segmentation, which is the assignment of each voxel of the images to a specific material such as bone and cartilage, allowing for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomy; meshing, which is the creation of the computational mesh necessary for the approximation of the equations describing the physics of the problem; assignment of the material properties to the various parts of the model, which can be estimated for example from quantitative computed tomography for the bone tissue and with other techniques (elastography, T1rho, and T2 mapping from magnetic resonance imaging) for soft tissues. This paper presents a brief overview of the techniques used for image segmentation, meshing, and assessing the mechanical properties of biological tissues, with focus on finite element models of the musculoskeletal system. Both consolidated methods and recent advances such as those based on artificial intelligence are described.
Wheat root transcriptional responses against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yan Haixia , Xia Mingcong , Han Xiaoyun , Xie Lihua , Goodwin Paul H. , Quan Xin , Sun Runhong , Wu Chao , Yang Lirong
Published: August 2020

Wheat root rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) results in severe yield losses in wheat production worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates systemic symptom development in infected wheat. Fluorescent microscopy observation of the stained wheat roots infected by Ggt showed that lesions were visible when the fungus could be detected in the endodermis, pericycle and phloem at 5 days post inoculation (dpi), and rust symptoms were visible when there was extensive fungal colonization in the root cortex at 6 dpi. Transcriptome sequencing of Ggt-inoculated wheat roots and healthy control root samples was performed at 5 dpi to identify Ggt-induced gene expression changes in wheat roots at the time of lesion formation. A total of 3973 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 1004 (25.27%) were up-regulated and 2969 (74.73%) were down-regulated in Ggt-inoculated wheat roots compared with those in control roots. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of these DEGs revealed that many of them were associated with pathogen resistance, such as those involved in oxidation-reduction process, tryptophan biosynthesis process, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis process. Analysis of DEGs revealed that 15 DEGs were involved in cellular regulation, 57 DEGs in signal transduction pathways, and 75 DEGs in cell wall reorganization, and 23 DEGs are pathogenesis-related proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of 13 of those DEGs showed that these genes may play roles in wheat resistance against Ggt. Overall, this study represents the first transcriptional profiling of wheat roots in response to Ggt infection and further characterization of DEGs identified in this study may lead to better understanding of resistance against take-all in wheat.
The quality of work life and turnover intentions among Malaysian nurses: the mediating role of organizational commitment
Authors: Ibrahim Alzamel Luma Ghazi , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Chong Mei Chan , Chua Yan Piaw
Published: August 2020

Background

Understanding the factors influencing nurses’ turnover intention, particularly the work life quality and commitment to organization, is important to all countries suffering from nursing shortage. The study aims to determine the mediating role of commitment to organization on work life quality and its relationship with turnover intention among Malaysian nurses.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional design, using a self-report survey was conducted on 430 nurses from a teaching hospital from February to April 2019. A structural equation model version 3 was used for testing study hypotheses.

Results

The mediating effect (indirect effect) of organizational commitment on the relationship between work life quality and turnover intention (QWL→OC→IT) was negative with path coefficient − 0.234, whereas the direct effect of work life quality on turnover intention (QWL→IT) was negative with smaller path coefficient − 0.228. This means that the relationship between work life quality and turnover intention was partially mediated by the organizational commitment (P< 0.001).

Conclusion

Organizational commitment has a negative partial mediating effect between work life quality of nurses and intention of turnover in teaching hospitals where the organizational commitment significantly reduced the nurses’ intention to leave. The study findings can guide nursing managers to be carefully attended to the levels of nurses’ commitment to their organization.
Two base pair deletion in IL2 receptor γ gene in NOD/SCID mice induces a highly severe immunodeficiency
Authors: Bak Inseon , Kim Doo-Jin , Kim Hyoung-Chin , Shin Hye-Jun , Yu Eunhye , Yoo Kyeong-Won , Yu Dae-Yeul
Published: August 2020

Genome editing has recently emerged as a powerful tool for generating mutant mice. Small deletions of nucleotides in the target genes are frequently found in CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutant mice. However, there are very few reports analyzing the phenotypes in small deleted mutant mice generated by CRISPR/Cas9. In this study, we generated a mutant by microinjecting sgRNAs targeting the IL2 receptor γ gene and Cas9 protein, into the cytoplasm of IVF-derived NOD.CB17/Prkdcscid/JKrb (NOD/SCID) mice embryos, and further investigated whether a 2 bp deletion of the IL2 receptor γ gene affects severe deficiency of immune cells as seen in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2 receptor γ−/−(NSG) mice. Our results show that the thymus weight of mutant mice is significantly less than that of NOD/SCID mice, whereas the spleen weight was marginally less. T and B cells in the mutant mice were severely deficient, and NK cells were almost absent. In addition, tumor growth was exceedingly increased in the mutant mice transplanted with HepG2, Raji and A549 cells, but not in nude and NOD/SCID mice. These results suggest that the NOD/SCID mice with deletion of 2 bp in the IL2 receptor γ gene shows same phenotype as NSG mice. Taken together, our data indicates that small deletions by genome editing is sufficient to generate null mutant mice.
The use of geographical information systems in climatology and meteorology
Authors: Chapman Lee , Thornes John E.
Published: August 2020

The proliferation of ‘commercial off-the-shelf’ geographical information systems into the scientific community has resulted in the widespread use of spatial climate data in a variety of applications. This paper presents a review of the role of geographical information systems in climatology and meteorology by (i) discussing methods used to derive and refine spatial climate data and (ii) reviewing the bespoke application of GIS and spatial climate datasets in agriculture, ecology, forestry, health and disease, weather forecasting, hydrology, transport, urban environments, energy and climate change.
Understanding increasing rates of psychiatric hospital detentions in England: development and preliminary testing of an explanatory model
Authors: Sheridan Rains Luke , Weich Scott , Maddock Clementine , Smith Shubulade , Keown Patrick , Crepaz-Keay David , Singh Swaran P. , Jones Rebecca , Kirkbride James , Millett Lottie , Lyons Natasha , Branthonne-Foster Stella , Johnson Sonia , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor
Published: August 2020

Background

The steep rise in the rate of psychiatric hospital detentions in England is poorly understood.

Aims

To identify explanations for the rise in detentions in England since 1983; to test their plausibility and support from evidence; to develop an explanatory model for the rise in detentions.

Method

Hypotheses to explain the rise in detentions were identified from previous literature and stakeholder consultation. We explored associations between national indicators for potential explanatory variables and detention rates in an ecological study. Relevant research was scoped and the plausibility of each hypothesis was rated. Finally, a logic model was developed to illustrate likely contributory factors and pathways to the increase in detentions.

Results

Seventeen hypotheses related to social, service, legal and data-quality factors. Hypotheses supported by available evidence were: changes in legal approaches to patients without decision-making capacity but not actively objecting to admission; demographic changes; increasing psychiatric morbidity. Reductions in the availability or quality of community mental health services and changes in police practice may have contributed to the rise in detentions. Hypothesised factors not supported by evidence were: changes in community crisis care, compulsory community treatment and prescribing practice. Evidence was ambiguous or lacking for other explanations, including the impact of austerity measures and reductions in National Health Service in-patient bed numbers.

Conclusions

Better data are needed about the characteristics and service contexts of those detained. Our logic model highlights likely contributory factors to the rise in detentions in England, priorities for future research and potential policy targets for reducing detentions.
Silent myelin-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wood Tobias C. , Damestani Nikou L. , Lawrence Andrew J. , Ljungberg Emil , Barker Gareth J. , Solana Ana Beatriz , Wiesinger Florian , Williams Steven C.R.
Published: August 2020

Background: Inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT) is an emerging, uniquely myelin-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. Current ihMT acquisitions utilise fast Gradient Echo sequences which are among the most acoustically noisy MRI sequences, reducing patient comfort during acquisition. We sought to address this by modifying a near silent MRI sequence to include ihMT contrast.

Methods: A Magnetization Transfer preparation module was incorporated into a radial Zero Echo-Time sequence. Repeatability of the ihMT ratio and inverse ihMT ratio were assessed in a cohort of healthy subjects. We also investigated how head orientation affects ihMT across subjects, as a previous study in a single subject suggests this as a potential confound.

Results: We demonstrated that ihMT ratios comparable to existing, acoustically loud, implementations could be obtained with the silent sequence. We observed a small but significant effect of head orientation on inverse ihMTR.

Conclusions: Silent ihMT imaging is a comparable alternative to conventional, noisy, alternatives. For all future ihMT studies we recommend careful positioning of the subject within the scanner.
Marketing de experiencias en odontología por medio de la evaluación de respuesta fisiológica y emocional en individuos expuestos al Eugenol
Authors: Juliao Esparragoza David Eduardo , Martinez-Diaz Domingo , Insignares Ingrid
Published: August 2020

Esta propuesta de investigación utiliza los análisis de entrevistas a profundidad y la  biometría para identificar cómo impactan los estímulos olfativos relacionados con la consulta odontológica en la emoción de los sujetos investigados.  Primero se realiza una explicación sobre las características inherentes a la experiencia en marketing y cómo éstas pueden generar la cascada de sensaciones, percepciones y emociones normalmente buscada en bienes y servicios con características hedónicas de consumo. Hoy el consumo de servicios odontológicos tiene varios frentes comerciales. En las diferentes especialidades se encuentran las estéticas, que normalmente, se buscan como consumo placentero. Así mismo la variable estrés, comúnmente estudiada en este servicio, genera animadversión a la consulta y se asocia a emociones negativas. El estudio identifica una de las variables que contribuye al estrés en odontología como es el estímulo olfativo y específicamente su relación con las emociones.  Se concluye mediante la investigación de campo que el estímulo Olfativo a Eugenol tiene impactos identificables de estrés y emociones negativas asociadas en pacientes que tuvieron experiencias negativas en Odontología asociadas a este olor. Se demuestra que el efecto de condicionamiento clásico (Till & Priluck, 2000) por olor es claro y se identifican opciones de mejora para generar ambientes que generen experiencias placenteras en el mercado meta.
We are what we do - The added value of exports from Colombia and Valle del Cauca 2016
Authors: Peréz Carlos Andrés , Solano Muñoz Stephany , Londoño Harold
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the calculation of added value for exports from Colombia and Valle del Cauca in 2016 through the use of input output matrixes. It finds that the added value of Colombian exports, measured as a percentage of total value of exports was 86.5%. For Valle del Cauca, this indicator was 60.9% reflecting a greater industrial and agro-industrial vocation that demands more inputs, both domestic and imported. The productive sector whose exports contributed the most added value to the economy of Valle del Cauca was food products. Among the main challenges, in terms of public policy and business development that stem from this study, are the consolidation of more integrated regional economies and the attracting of foreign direct investment in sectors that stimulate the production of intermediate goods.
Estrategias de disposición del suelo público: mercantilización e inflexiones del neoliberalismo urbano en Ciudad de Buenos Aires (2015-2018)
Authors: SOCOLOFF Ivana , Camji Nicole , Montagna Federico , Peralta María Agustina , Sahakian Yamila Lara
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo se enmarca en un estudio comparativo de los proyectos de concesión y privatización de suelo llevados adelante en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires desde 2015 a 2018. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las estrategias de disposición de tierra desplegadas por medio de la concesión y privatización en el ámbito de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, reconstruyendo las racionalidades políticas que se articularon en torno a ellas y los dispositivos institucionalescreados para viabilizarlas. Nuestro argumento central es que, inscriptos en discursos sobre la ‘ociosidad’ de los terrenos, se movilizan grandes superficies de suelo mediante la creación de dispositivos institucionales que profundizan la fragmentación presupuestaria y territorial, sustrayendo del ámbito legislativo sus atribuciones en la definición de usos del suelo. Intentamos abordar así las continuidades e inflexiones en el urbanismo neoliberal porteño. Adoptamos una estrategia metodológica basada en el análisis de documentos producidos por las autoridades.
Technical Note—Pricing and Prioritization in a Duopoly with Self-Selecting, Heterogeneous, Time-Sensitive Customers Under Low Utilization
Authors: Sainathan Arvind
Published: August 2020

Will Service Providers Prioritize Under Competition?
Load Characteristics with Current Detection Using an Arduino Based ACS712 Sensor
Authors: Ratnawati Nur , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: August 2020

This study discusses tools for digital current monitoring using an Arduino-based ACS712 sensor. The current sensor ACS712 5A uses the principle of hall effect and is a current sensor whose circuit complexity is simple. The purpose of this microcontroller is to read data obtained from the sensor using the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) feature and then display it in the serial monitor. The ATMEGA328 microcontroller is assisted by a current measuring circuit equipped with a sensor mounted in series against the circuit to be measured in order to measure the current flowing in the circuit. The test results show that the sensor can measure the current value at its peak value with an error value of -0.066 and a standard deviation value of 0.011419. Based on the test results it can be seen that the tool can work well and has a good accuracy rate.
An international focus on cardiac surgery nursing: student perspectives
Authors: Fredericks Suzanne , Wynne Rochelle , Martorella Geraldine , Ramage Naomi , Sawyer Christine , Aniello Autumn , Sanders Julie
Published: August 2020

This six-paper series in the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife aims to draw together two important themes: celebrating the role of nursing in advancing care in cardiac surgery and providing an international perspective of cardiac surgery nursing.
Effectiveness of pre-surgical neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the recovery time of diaphyseal femoral fractures
Authors: Bustos María C , Lo Presti María S
Published: August 2020

Background/aims:

Quadriceps pathology is common in patients who have suffered diaphyseal femoral fractures because of the long waiting times before surgery, during which they remain immobilised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied in the pre-surgical period on the recovery time of the patients.

Methods

Before surgical treatment, patients with closed diaphyseal femoral fractures were systematically distributed alternatively into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group (n=22) received pre-surgical neuromuscular electrical stimulation and the control group (n=25) received conventional physiokinetic treatment.

Results

Age, gender proportions and time between admission and surgery were similar in both groups. Average treatment time was 14.14 ± 9.7 days. Recovery time (from surgery to medical discharge) was 111 ± 15.65 days for participants in the intervention group, and 139.36 ± 23.05 days for participants in the control group (P<0.0001). No differences were found between men and women nor between the fractured femur (right vs left).

Conclusions

The results highlight the value of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the pre-surgical period for patients with diaphyseal femoral fractures, optimising their rehabilitation and facilitating a quicker return to their everyday lives.
3D reconstruction of specular surface by combined binocular vision and zonal wavefront reconstruction
Authors: Leung Yuk-Ching , Cai Lilong
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes a framework for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of specular surfaces. The framework begins with a modified reconstruction method that uses gradient descent to accurately search for the correspondence matches in the binocular vision system. An analysis of the binocular vision system shows that the reconstruction result is not necessarily unique and the reconstruction accuracy is significantly compromised by a bilinear interpolation error. An error-based selection algorithm is proposed to select the correct result. To improve the reconstruction accuracy, binocular vision and zonal wavefront reconstruction are incorporated. The reconstruction result from the binocular vision system is taken as a reference surface for slope estimation. The measured slope is then integrated into a height map by the zonal wavefront reconstruction. The overall reconstruction process provides an accurate reconstruction result without the need for prior surface information. Simulations and experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithms. A relative error of 0.59% or less is experimentally recorded in the step-size measurement of a stair-like object.
Interpreting holographic molecular binding assays with effective medium theory
Authors: Altman Lauren E. , Grier David G.
Published: August 2020

Holographic molecular binding assays use holographic video microscopy to directly detect molecules binding to the surfaces of micrometer-scale colloidal beads by monitoring associated changes in the beads’ light-scattering properties. Holograms of individual spheres are analyzed by fitting to a generative model based on the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering. Each fit yields an estimate of a probe bead’s diameter and refractive index with sufficient precision to watch a population of beads grow as molecules bind. Rather than modeling the molecular-scale coating, however, these fits use effective medium theory, treating the coated sphere as if it were homogeneous. This effective-sphere analysis is rapid and numerically robust and so is useful for practical implementations of label-free immunoassays. Here, we assess how measured effective-sphere properties reflect the actual properties of molecular-scale coatings by modeling coated spheres with the discrete-dipole approximation and analyzing their holograms with the effective-sphere model.
16-QAM probabilistic constellation shaping by adaptively modifying the distribution of transmitted symbols based on errors at the receiver
Authors: Fallahpour Ahmad , Alishahi Fatemeh , Minoofar Amir , Zou Kaiheng , Almaiman Ahmed , Liao Peicheng , Zhou Hubin , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: August 2020

We simulate and experimentally demonstrate a feedback-based probabilistic constellation shaping (FB-PCS) of a 10 Gbaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signal. Our approach is to adaptively modify the distribution of transmitted symbols based on errors at the receiver, and assumptions about the channel model are not required. Specifically, the error feedback enables solving an optimization problem to find the distribution that maximizes the mutual information between the input and output of the channel without knowledge of the channel itself. A known training sequence with uniform distribution is transmitted, and the errors at each constellation point are counted at the receiver. This information is relayed to the transmitter, which then updates the data constellation with a new probability distribution such that constellation points with more errors are used less frequently. We examine four different system scenarios in simulation and one scenario in experiment. In simulation, we find that FB-PCS (a) reduces the number of errors when compared to uniform shaping for the four scenarios, and (b) reduces symbol error rate (SER) by approximately an order of magnitude or has similar SER compared to conventional Maxwell–Boltzmann (M–B) shaping. Moreover, we demonstrate that FB-PCS can lead to an SER reduction of

∼

50

%

.
Revisit: principle of transverse flow measurement by using an optical vortex beam in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Kitazawa Miki , Himura Haruhiko , Mine Takuya , Kitamura Kyoko
Published: August 2020

We revisit the principle of transverse flow

V
→

measurement by using an optical vortex beam (OVB) in cylindrical geometry. The rigorous derivation shown here involves conservation of momentum and energy of the atom that is excited by the OVB, unlike the derivation in the original paper [Opt. Commun. 112, 141 (1994)10.1016/0030-4018(94)00484-6]. Second, the expected azimuthal Doppler shifts and spectral broadenings of OVBs in a plasma having

V
→

are examined by taking the beam intensity profiles and photon absorption time into account. For the case where the OVB with the wavelength of 940 nm and l = 2 emitted by a photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser is applied to measure

|

V
→

|

∼105 m/s in the plasma, the expected Doppler shift would be approximately 1 pm at peak with approximately 1 pm of the spectral broadening.
Learning-based phase imaging using a low-bit-depth pattern
Authors: Zhou Zhenyu , Xia Jun , Wu Jun , Chang Chenliang , Ye Xi , Li Shuguang , Du Bintao , Zhang Hao , Tong Guodong
Published: August 2020

Phase imaging always deals with the problem of phase invisibility when capturing objects with existing light sensors. However, there is a demand for multiplane full intensity measurements and iterative propagation process or reliance on reference in most conventional approaches. In this paper, we present an end-to-end compressible phase imaging method based on deep neural networks, which can implement phase estimation using only binary measurements. A thin diffuser as a preprocessor is placed in front of the image sensor to implicitly encode the incoming wavefront information into the distortion and local variation of the generated speckles. Through the trained network, the phase profile of the object can be extracted from the discrete grains distributed in the low-bit-depth pattern. Our experiments demonstrate the faithful reconstruction with reasonable quality utilizing a single binary pattern and verify the high redundancy of the information in the intensity measurement for phase recovery. In addition to the advantages of efficiency and simplicity compared to now available imaging methods, our model provides significant compressibility for imaging data and can therefore facilitate the low-cost detection and efficient data transmission.
PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND OBSTACLES TO THE APPLICATION OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CARE POLICY TO MEN'S HEALTH: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Queiroz Iasmin Belém Silva , Sousa Allex Sobral de , Luna Cícera Alves de , Sampaio Samyra Maria Lima , Nóbrega Joanacele Gorgonho Ribeiro , Dantas Marta Coêlho Bezerra , Herculano Maria Aparecida Feitosa Candido , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira , Santana Willma José de
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Male health has been little discussed for a long time, although men constitute a prominent population in causes of morbidity and mortality and present socio-cultural factors that contribute to this epidemiological health condition of this public. The aim of this study was to identify in the literature the predictive factors and obstacles to the application of the National Policy for Integral Attention to Men's Health. To this end, it was decided to carry out an integrative review with a qualitative approach using the databases LILACS, PubMed and SciELO, studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish, available in full and published in the period from 2014 to 2020. Apart from combination of the following descriptors (DeCS): "Public Policy", "Nursing" and "Men's Health". The study sample consisted of 11 articles, building two thematic categories: Predictive factors and obstacles to the application of the National Policy for Integral Attention to Men's Health. The articles showed a compendium of important knowledge about men's health, identifying the main factors and obstacles such as gender barriers and inattention to male singularities and vulnerabilities. Therefore, it is recommended that these issues be addressed within the scope of primary health care, aiming at a more holistic and integral view of men's health, as well as an expectation of action in relation to this policy that provides greater participation and empowerment of the man in his own health. The study can spark new research and reflections on the subject, so that the male health scenario is improved. Keywords: Public Policies. Nursing. Men's Health
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS: A NEW ALTERNATIVE IN CANCER TREATMENT?
Authors: Franco Filho João Francisco Lucena , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Fernandes Elis Augusta Moura Dias , Brito Rivaniery Teles Braga Emídio de , Santana Willma José de
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this comment is to report the technological advancement of biopharmaceuticals in the fight against cancer. This is a comment, an investigative text from the specialized literature on the subject, selected scientific articles were used in the years 2016 to 2020. In English and Portuguese. The following were listed: biopharmaceuticals, cancer, Innovation. This comment is expected to describe the main innovations that modern medicine can bring in the fight against cancer. Keywords: Biopharmaceuticals; Cancer; innovation.
Análise bitemporal de áreas queimadas na Mata Atlântica
Authors: Sacramento Iorrana Figueiredo , Michel Roberto Ferreira Machado , Siqueira Rafael Gomes
Published: August 2020

O estudo de áreas queimadas serve como subsídio para os planos de controle e monitoramento do fogo nas unidades de conservação. Diante dos desafios de caracterização do comportamento espectral de áreas queimadas, este estudo objetivou aplicar o método de classificação orientada a objeto e avaliar a melhor performance do uso conjunto de índices espectrais para o mapeamento de área queimadas na Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia. Para tanto, foi realizada análise bitemporal entre 2014 e 2016, considerando a diferença de cada índice espectral entre duas imagens LANDSAT 8: pré e pós-fogo. A classificação orientada a objeto foi executada de maneira supervisionada e automatizada por meio de algoritmos de segmentação, classificação e otimização em ambiente SIG. A classe de intensidade de queimada fraca foi a mais expressiva, com 13,65% da área mapeada, enquanto a classe severa ocupou apenas 0,3%. As áreas queimadas apresentaram um aumento da reflectância na faixa do vermelho e do infravermelho médio e uma diminuição na faixa do infravermelho próximo. O ΔNBR foi o melhor discriminador de áreas queimadas e o conjunto ΔNBR, ΔNBR2, ΔNDMI, ΔSAVI, ΔNDVI, ΔGEMI e ΔMSAVI, apresentou o maior limiar de separação. A validação da classificação feita pelo coeficiente de concordância Kappa obteve um bom resultado (0,72). A seleção de variáveis mostrou-se eficiente na determinação do conjunto de índices espectrais de melhor performance para detecção das classes de queimadas, melhorando a acurácia da classificação e a confiabilidade dos resultados. A etapa de segmentação também se mostrou importante para a eficácia da classificação orientada a objeto, sendo influenciada diretamente pela resolução espacial da imagem.
Sortir du journalisme. Les diplômés en journalisme entre emplois instables et carières déviantes
Authors: Le Saulnier Guillaume , Devillard Valérie
Published: August 2020

L’article se concentre sur les parcours des diplômés en journalisme conduits à quitter la profession à laquelle ils se destinaient. Il se fonde pour cela sur des entretiens auprès de trente-quatre diplômés, recrutés via LinkedIn au sein de quatre promotions (1997, 2007, 2012, 2017). Tant les conditions objectives d’engendrement des « sorties » du journalisme que les opérations subjectives qui les soutiennent y sont examinées. Les récits de parcours insistent sur la dégradation des conditions d’insertion et d’emploi dans les métiers du journalisme. Les diplômés cantonnés à des emplois instables construisent fréquemment leur carrière dans un va-et-vient entre des emplois journalistiques et non journalistiques, où s’élaborent des contre-modèles professionnels qui préfigurent leur défection. Les carrières « divergentes » peuvent ainsi être pensées comme des carrières « déviantes », au sens où elles engagent une série d’écarts ou de transgressions vis-à-vis des standards par lesquels se définissent les « journalistes professionnels »
Wywiad i obserwacje lekcji w badaniach nad osobą nauczyciela języków obcych
Authors: Wysocka Maria
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the value of qualitative studies on the person of the FL teacher since s/he is the one who organizes the whole teaching-learning processand takes the whole responsibility for it. It is of crucial importance, therefore, to collect from teachers as much data as possible by means of which our knowledgeabout the quality of the whole process could be described, discussed and improved in the best way. Interviews and all types of lesson observations arepresented here as the optimal tools to achieve this aim.
O nieprawidłowym stosowaniu narzędzi statystycznych w badaniach ankietowych
Authors: Halina Widła Halina Widła
Published: August 2020

The article explores common mistakes made while interpreting statistics in questionnaire studies, which may reflect insufficient training in researchmethodology. It reveals problems in qualitative and quantitative analysis in the published literature. It also discusses the possible reasons why errors occur in the process of constructing diagrammatic representations of the collected data. Examples of errors as they occur in published articles are also cited to prove that such problems are far from being hypothetical and do appear in research reports. They are mainly reflective of erroneous beliefs concerning statistical significance testing, chi-square analysis, covariance statistical corrections, as well as presentation of statistically inaccurate results.