bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of methamphetamine, cannabis, and polysubstance use on oral health
Authors: Kılıç Osman Hasan Tahsin , Kürklü Arpaçay Duygu , Gezen Onur Çağdaş , Bayram Zehra Nur , Başer Aysel
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to compare the clinical oral health status of individuals with Methamphetamine (MA), Cannabis (THC), and Polysubstance (PS) use disorders to healthy controls, and assess the impact of substance type, usage duration, quantity, and oral health behaviors on dental health outcomes through comprehensive oral examinations.

Methods

This cross-sectional clinical study was conducted at İzmir Democracy University Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Education and Research Hospital between April 2024 and August 2024. A total of 190 individuals with substance use disorders (MA, THC, and PS users) and 91 healthy controls participated. Sociodemographic data, substance use history, and oral health behaviors were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire and the Turkish version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI). Oral health status was assessed through clinical oral examinations using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0, applying t-tests, ANOVA, Chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation to evaluate group differences and relationships between variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The study revealed significant differences in oral health among substance users compared to the control group. MA users had the highest DMFT scores (11.04 ± 5.56), followed by THC users (9.49 ± 5.87), and PS users (8.40 ± 4.52), with the control group showing the lowest scores (6.08 ± 4.18) (p<0.001). The study also found a moderate positive correlation between MA use and DMFT scores, indicating that longer and higher usage leads to poorer oral health, while no significant association was observed between THC use and DMFT scores. Additionally, significant disparities in education levels were observed, with substance users having lower education compared to controls (p=0.001). HU-DBI scores indicated poorer oral health behaviors in substance users, though the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.053).

Discussion

The study reveals that all substance use groups, including MA, THC, and PS users, exhibit significantly poorer oral health outcomes, with higher DMFT scores and worse oral health behaviors compared to the control group, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive dental care interventions for individuals with substance use disorders.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06640712, identifier NCT06640712.
Impact of online health education on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder screening results and parenting stress among school-aged children
Authors: Tan Jing , Yi Wenxia , Shen Jianna , Peng Bin , Gong Min , Li Feng , Chen Li
Published: January 2025

Aims

To investigate the effects of an online health education lecture on the positive screening rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and parenting stress among parents of children diagnosed with or screened positive for ADHD.

Methods

Using stratified proportional random cluster sampling, 14 primary schools in Chongqing were selected to conduct an online lecture about ADHD for parents and teachers. A total of 2,611 questionnaires were collected (1,508 intervention group, 1,103 control group).

Results

The lecture did not significantly affect the positive screening rate of ADHD (parents: β=-0.37, p=0.208; teachers: β=0.53, p=0.338); however, the positive screening rate increased post-intervention. Inattention scores were higher in the intervention group (β=0.42, p=0.040). Parents as primary caregivers were associated with lower ADHD symptom scores (β=-0.61, p=0.022). Lower parental education levels were associated with higher ADHD screening rates (β=0.49, p=0.039) and symptom scores (β=0.60, p=0.022). Teachers with 10-19 years of experience had higher positive screening rates (β=1.26, p=0.005) and symptom scores (β=2.60, p<0.001). The intervention did not affect parenting stress (Z=-1.413, p=0.158).

Conclusions

The lecture’s effects were relatively weak, using questionnaires may have facilitated health communication. Individual characteristics of parents and teachers should be considered in assessments (ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT05231902).
Short-term effects of air pollution on the infectious disease spectrum in Shanghai, China: a time-series analysis from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Lin Yihan , Meng Hao , He Yong , Liang Wenzhuo , Niu Yiran , Liu Zhenliang , Wang Ziying , Tian Yangyang , Chang Shiyang
Published: January 2025

Background

Epidemiological evidence on the effects of air pollution on infectious diseases remains inconsistent, highlighting the need for further research and analysis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) and the risk of national notifiable infectious diseases in Shanghai, a megacity in China.

Methods

A double-pollutant model was used for each air pollutant, utilizing time-series analysis to separately apply single and distributed lag models (DLMs) to assess the exposure-lag-response relationship for 43 national notifiable infectious diseases (NNIDs) from 2013 to 2019. The model was adjusted for seasonality, long-term trends, mean temperature, relative humidity, and other air pollutants. Analysis was further conducted for seven NNID categories (vaccine-preventable; bacterial; gastrointestinal and enterovirus; sexually transmitted and bloodborne; vector-borne; zoonotic; and quarantinable diseases) as well as specific diseases.

Results

The study included 661,267 NNID cases and found that PM2.5 and O3 exposures were associated with increased NNID risks, although not within the same categories. A 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 was associated with a higher risk of total NNIDs (relative risk [RR] at lag 1 month: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.65), vaccine-preventable diseases (RR at lag 1 month: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–3.01), and sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases (RR at lag 2 month: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00–1.26). However, the association with PM2.5 remained inconclusive.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a potential link between ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of infectious diseases, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between air pollution and notifiable infectious diseases, as well as an in-depth evaluation of disparities across the disease spectrum.
The multiple uses of artificial intelligence in exercise programs: a narrative review
Authors: Canzone Alberto , Belmonte Giacomo , Patti Antonino , Vicari Domenico Savio Salvatore , Rapisarda Fabio , Giustino Valerio , Drid Patrik , Bianco Antonino
Published: January 2025

Background

Artificial intelligence is based on algorithms that enable machines to perform tasks and activities that generally require human intelligence, and its use offers innovative solutions in various fields. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, concentrates on empowering computers to learn and enhance from data autonomously; this narrative review seeks to elucidate the utilization of artificial intelligence in fostering physical activity, training, exercise, and health outcomes, addressing a significant gap in the comprehension of practical applications.

Methods

Only Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published in English were included. Inclusion criteria: all RCTs that use artificial intelligence to program, supervise, manage, or assist physical activity, training, exercise, or health programs. Only studies published from January 1, 2014, were considered. Exclusion criteria: all the studies that used robot-assisted, robot-supported, or robotic training were excluded.

Results

A total of 1772 studies were identified. After the first stage, where the duplicates were removed, 1,004 articles were screened by title and abstract. A total of 24 studies were identified, and finally, after a full-text review, 15 studies were identified as meeting all eligibility criteria for inclusion. The findings suggest that artificial intelligence holds promise in promoting physical activity across diverse populations, including children, adolescents, adults, older adult, and individuals with disabilities.

Conclusion

Our research found that artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning techniques were used: (a) as part of applications to generate automatic messages and be able to communicate with users; (b) as a predictive approach and for gesture and posture recognition; (c) as a control system; (d) as data collector; and (e) as a guided trainer.
Are you understanding what I am saying? The critical importance of communication competency in epidemiology
Authors: Abraham Alison G. , Hlaing WayWay M.
Published: January 2025

There are myriad examples of poor communication by public health scientists and researchers that have resulted in lasting harm to individuals, communities, the field of epidemiology, and the broader field of public health. These examples underscore that science messages hinge not only on their merit alone but also on how effectively we communicate them. Here, we highlight the strong consensus in the epidemiology educational literature that epidemiology students should be trained to communicate effectively, specifically with the general public. This allows the public access to critical information that could affect their well-being. Most epidemiology programs in academia do not focus on the skills needed to translate scientific evidence and its uncertainty into a comprehensible and culturally appropriate message to the diverse public composed of varying race/ethnicities as well as varying health and numerical literacy levels. We provide guidance on which specific communication skills may be most important for epidemiologists facing the growing health misinformation and disinformation epidemic. We also describe what a communication-focused curriculum might look like, given that communication skills cannot be learned solely through traditional coursework. Lastly, we address barriers that have prevented communication skills from being meaningfully incorporated in epidemiology curricula.
Analysis of argument structure constructions in the large language model BERT
Authors: Ramezani Pegah , Schilling Achim , Krauss Patrick
Published: January 2025

Understanding how language and linguistic constructions are processed in the brain is a fundamental question in cognitive computational neuroscience. In this study, we investigate the processing and representation of Argument Structure Constructions (ASCs) in the BERT language model, extending previous analyses conducted with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. We utilized a custom GPT-4 generated dataset comprising 2000 sentences, evenly distributed among four ASC types: transitive, ditransitive, caused-motion, and resultative constructions. BERT was assessed using the various token embeddings across its 12 layers. Our analyses involved visualizing the embeddings with Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and calculating the Generalized Discrimination Value (GDV) to quantify the degree of clustering. We also trained feedforward classifiers (probes) to predict construction categories from these embeddings. Results reveal that CLS token embeddings cluster best according to ASC types in layers 2, 3, and 4, with diminished clustering in intermediate layers and a slight increase in the final layers. Token embeddings for DET and SUBJ showed consistent intermediate-level clustering across layers, while VERB embeddings demonstrated a systematic increase in clustering from layer 1 to 12. OBJ embeddings exhibited minimal clustering initially, which increased substantially, peaking in layer 10. Probe accuracies indicated that initial embeddings contained no specific construction information, as seen in low clustering and chance-level accuracies in layer 1. From layer 2 onward, probe accuracies surpassed 90 percent, highlighting latent construction category information not evident from GDV clustering alone. Additionally, Fisher Discriminant Ratio (FDR) analysis of attention weights revealed that OBJ tokens had the highest FDR scores, indicating they play a crucial role in differentiating ASCs, followed by VERB and DET tokens. SUBJ, CLS, and SEP tokens did not show significant FDR scores. Our study underscores the complex, layered processing of linguistic constructions in BERT, revealing both similarities and differences compared to recurrent models like LSTMs. Future research will compare these computational findings with neuroimaging data during continuous speech perception to better understand the neural correlates of ASC processing. This research demonstrates the potential of both recurrent and transformer-based neural language models to mirror linguistic processing in the human brain, offering valuable insights into the computational and neural mechanisms underlying language understanding.
Thermodynamic and kinetics considerations in the competition between the dye regeneration and the recombination process in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Ávila Mauricio , Cerdá María Fernanda
Published: January 2025

Dye-sensitized solar cells comprise a fluorine doped tin oxide/titanium dioxide photoanode and a counter electrode of fluorine doped tin oxide covered with a catalytic material arranged in a sandwich configuration. Many processes take place inside a dye-sensitized solar cell. However, two involve the redox couple contained in the electrolyte solution: the dye regeneration and the recombination. While the first is a desired path, the latter impacts the power conversion efficiency of the cells, decreasing the measured values. In this work, iodine-based couples are evaluated using cyclic voltammetric measurements, and their behaviour is compared with two commercial electrolytes widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells, particularly when sensitized with natural dyes. Different experimental conditions, such as cell configurations and electrode materials, were adopted to understand the thermodynamics of the competitive electron transfer processes mentioned above.
The effect of behaviorally anthropomorphic service robots on customers’ variety-seeking behavior: an analytical examination of social presence and decision-making context
Authors: Liu Wenchao , Xin Xin , Zheng Chenyu
Published: January 2025

The concept of anthropomorphism is crucial in enhancing interactions between service robots and humans, serving as a key consideration in the design of these robots. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which the anthropomorphic traits of service robots influence customer behavioral responses remain inadequately understood. Furthermore, the incorporation of anthropomorphic robotic technology into customer service operational strategies presents a significant challenge for businesses. To explore the underlying mechanisms through which the anthropomorphic characteristics of service robots impact customer acceptance, this study conducted a series of six experiments to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. The empirical findings indicate notable differences in customer switching behaviors and selection quantity metrics, which can be linked to service contexts characterized by varying degrees of behavioral anthropomorphism. Additionally, social presence has been identified as a mediating variable that affects the relationship between the anthropomorphism of service robot behavior and its influence on customer variety-seeking behavior. The situational context of customer decision-making is also found to moderate the relationship between social presence and variety-seeking behavior. Consequently, it is recommended that service organizations implement service robots with diverse anthropomorphic features to enhance customer acquisition, cultivate loyalty, and improve overall marketing effectiveness.
Cross-sectional association among dietary habits, periodontitis, and uncontrolled diabetes in Hispanics: the LLIPDS study
Authors: Smith Hunter , Thomas David Travis , Vázquez-Morales Gabriela Nicole , Puckett Lakin , Del Mar Rodriguez María , Stromberg Arnold , Shaddox Luciana Macchion , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Pearce Kevin , Andriankaja Oelisoa Mireille
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is recognized as a risk factor for periodontal disease (PD), with evidence supporting a bidirectional relationship. Food choices are thought to influence both conditions, but research on their impact specifically on PD remains limited. This study aimed to explore whether food choices were linked to higher prevalence of adverse periodontal parameters and poorly controlled glucose levels among Hispanic adults with T2D.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 260 Puerto Rican adults aged 40–65 years, all diagnosed with T2D. Dietary habits were assessed by weekly frequencies of food choices deemed healthy or unhealthy over the past year. Periodontal health was evaluated by the percentage of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) at corresponding teeth. Glucose control was measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, with uncontrolled glucose defined as HbA1c ≥ 7%. Linear regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables estimated associations with PD. Logistic regression assessed associations with glucose control.

Results

The median Healthy Eating Score was 0.5 (Q1, Q3: −3.9, 4.5). A higher Healthy Eating Score was significantly associated with fewer sites exhibiting PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP (adjusted β: −0.02; SE: 0.01; p = 0.035), and reduced odds of uncontrolled glucose (adjusted odds ratio: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89–0.98; p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Adherence to a healthier dietary pattern appears to correlate with lower periodontal inflammation and greater glucose control among Hispanics with T2D. Prospective studies are needed to confirm causality and long-term effects.
The impact of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylates on the physical and antibacterial properties of endodontic sealers
Authors: Alharamlah Faisal , AlTuwaijri Fawaz , AlQuorain Haitham , Khan Abdul Samad , Alonaizan Faisal , Alsahafi Rashed , Weir Michael D. , Xu Hockin H. K. , Balhaddad Abdulrahman A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to incorporate contact-killing quaternary ammonium into two root canal sealers, AH Plus (DentSply Sirona, New York City, NY, USA) and BC (FKG, Le Crêt-du-Locle Switzerland) sealers to improve their antibacterial properties.

Methods

Dimethylaminohexadecyl Methacrylates (DMAHDM) were synthesized and incorporated into AH Plus and BC sealers at 5 weight percent (wt.%). The physical properties were assessed via film thickness, flow, contact angle, and solubility. The antibacterial properties were assessed by determining the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of Enterococcus faecalis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

Incorporating DMAHDM at 5 wt.% increased the film thickness and reduced the flow of the AH Plus and BC sealers (P < 0.05), but the values were within clinically acceptable limits. Simultaneously, DMAHDM incorporation increased the contact angle of the sealers (P < 0.001). DMAHDM incorporation significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the E. faecalis biofilms and resulted in complete eradication. In contrast, the AH Plus and BC control sealers had approximately 105 and 104 CFUs of bacteria, respectively. The SEM images revealed no E. faecalis colonies over the AH Plus sealers containing 5 wt.% DMAHDM, while the AH Plus control sealers were covered with a thick layer of biofilms.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that DMAHDM, as a contact-killing agent, could be used as an approach to prevent endodontic reinfections.

Clinical Relevance

Integrating DMAHDM into commercial sealers may enhance their antibacterial properties. These findings indicate a need for further investigation using more clinically relevant models to validate this approach.
Unveiling the dual nature of Lactobacillus: from cariogenic threat to probiotic protector—a critical review with bibliometric analysis
Authors: Fu Di , Shu Xingyue , Yao Lin , Zhou Ge , Ji Mengzhen , Liao Ga , Zhu Yunwo , Zou Ling
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Dental caries is a prevalent oral disease with a multifactorial etiology. Lactobacillus has been implicated in caries progression on account of its acidogenic properties; On the other hand, they constitute one of the potential probiotic strategies for preventing dental caries. This complex relationship renders the relationship between Lactobacillus and dental caries remains ambiguous.

Methods

The Web of Science core collections (WoSCC) were searched to acquire articles relevant to Lactobacillus and dental caries. After retrieval and manual screening, publications were analyzed by VOSviewer.

Results

Sweden, the US, and China, which have been the center of international cooperation, have produced the most publications in the research area. Caries Research is the main counterpart journal in the field. “Dental caries”, “Streptococcus mutans”, “Lactobacilli”, “Probiotics”, and “Children” have been commonly used as keywords.

Discussion

Based on bibliometric analysis, this study reviews the relationship between lactobacilli and dental caries, emphasizing their dual roles. The detection rate of lactobacilli is closely associated with the incidence and severity of dental caries. However, under specific environmental conditions, these bacteria also exhibit potential probiotic properties that may aid in the prevention of dental caries. Additionally, Lactobacillus is strongly associated with early childhood caries, a specific type of caries.
Explaining the prevalence of marital conflict: conceptual bifurcation and sociological explanations
Authors: Ho Wing-Chung
Published: January 2025

Sociologists have investigated extensively marital conflict which is supposedly “antithesis” of marriage. However, there is little systematic reflection on how the coexistence of universal marriage and prevalent spousal discord in diverse cultural settings can possibly explained sociologically. This conceptual paper aims to address this issue by first critically reviewing how scholars have assessed the prevalence of marital conflict in human societies. This review is then extended to the conceptual elusiveness in gauging “marital conflict,” arguing that the concept has been inadvertently bifurcated as (i) a constituent (oft-represented as a single global continuous measure) of certain critical consequential events within a marriage (e.g., divorce); and (ii) a predisposition (oft-represented in terms of a set of multifarious binary variables) in pair-bonding relationships that increases the likelihood of the occurrence of certain critical consequential events. Such conceptual bifurcation sheds light on two board distinctive approaches—roughly termed contextual and evolutionary—through which the coexistence of marriage formation and martial conflict can be sociologically explained. Implications are briefly discussed.
Physical education curriculum systematizing based on action research: a collaborative network between teacher-researchers from public schools in Quixadá — Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Souza Rener Victor Oliveira de , de Souza Maurício Teodoro , Corsino Luciano Nascimento , da Conceição Willian Lazaretti , Ulasowicz Carla , Venâncio Luciana , Sanches Neto Luiz
Published: January 2025

For more than forty years, physical education has been associated with human sciences in Brazil, with an emphasis on the dynamics of culture. This renewing movement challenged the hegemony of sport and health as predominant themes in the school physical education curriculum, as well as pointing out dilemmas to the positivist scientific paradigm. In this sense, advances in theoretical-methodological propositions in Brazilian physical education are intertwined with scientific understandings in the area. Twenty years ago, from a complex epistemological perspective, a curricular systematization—proposed by an autonomous community of teachers-researchers—brought these understandings closer together, valuing the convergence between the dynamics of culture, movement, the body and the environment. In this research, our objective is to analyze how this systematization can contribute to the pedagogical practice of physical education teachers in the public high school network in the city of Quixadá, located in the interior of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Our qualitative itinerary has action research as a method of intervention, including class observations, group meetings and field diary. Data has been analyzed through thematic analysis, characterizing a collaborative network between participants. We identified that curricular documents direct subject content towards the predominance of cultural elements. This direction, in turn, can make it difficult to develop intersubjective knowledge related to the body, movement and the environment. However, when dialoguing with the systematization and reflecting on the curriculum, the thematic subject content blocks make it possible to visualize (inter)personal aspects, movements and environmental demands as complex knowledge specific to physical education.
The effect of cannabis-derived terpenes on alveolar macrophage function
Authors: Greiss Patrick M. , Rich Jacquelyn D. , McKay Geoffrey A. , Nguyen Dao , Lefsrud Mark G. , Eidelman David H. , Baglole Carolyn J.
Published: January 2025

Cannabis sativa (marijuana) is used by millions of people around the world. C. sativa produces hundreds of secondary metabolites including cannabinoids, flavones and terpenes. Terpenes are a broad class of organic compounds that give cannabis and other plants its aroma. Previous studies have demonstrated that terpenes may exert anti-inflammatory properties on immune cells. However, it is not known whether terpenes derived from cannabis alone or in combination with the cannabinoid ∆9-THC impacts the function of alveolar macrophages, a specialized pulmonary innate immune cell that is important in host defense against pathogens. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of two commercially-available cannabis terpene mixtures on the function of MH-S cells, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. MH-S cells were exposed to terpene mixtures at sublethal doses and to the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We measured inflammatory cytokine levels using qRT-PCR and multiplex ELISA, as well as phagocytosis of opsonized IgG-coated beads or mCherry-expressing Escherichia coli via flow cytometry. Neither terpene mixture affected inflammatory cytokine production by MH-S cells in response to LPS. Terpenes increased MH-S cell uptake of opsonized beads but had no effect on phagocytosis of E. coli. Addition of ∆9-THC to terpenes did not potentiate cytotoxicity nor phagocytosis. These results suggest that terpenes from cannabis have minimal impact on the function of alveolar macrophages.
Preparing pets and their people: opportunity for veterinary teams to promote disaster preparedness in their communities
Authors: Quintana Joedy , Viola Lindsey , Sanchez Valeria , Scott Danielle , Duncan Colleen
Published: January 2025

Climate change has made disasters, and their associated health risks, more frequent and severe. Despite these growing risks, a substantial proportion of adults in the US do not have a disaster plan. Even for those who have disaster plans, it is unclear if these always include pets. The objective of this project was to explore the potential for veterinary teams to facilitate the development of pet-inclusive disaster plans through conversations during routine veterinary visits. We conducted two separate anonymous surveys, one for veterinary staff and one for veterinary clients. Overall, we found that both groups believe disasters are increasing and likely to impact people and their pets, however respondents remain largely unprepared for these events. Although both groups reported that the topic of disaster preparedness was not typically covered during veterinary visits, pet owners overwhelmingly agreed that pet health professionals are trustworthy sources of information, and that it would be helpful to have support from their veterinary team in developing a disaster plan that includes their pets. Barriers to such conversations, and potential solutions, were explored. Collectively these findings reinforce the role of veterinary professionals as trusted community members who can enhance public health and community resilience by integrating disaster preparedness into their practice.
Deforestation and predator species richness as potential environmental drivers for roadkill of wild water deer in South Korea
Authors: Islam Obaidul , Matsuyama Ryota , Min Kyung-Duk
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The roadkill incidence of Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) has become a nationwide concern in recent years because of its contribution to biodiversity loss. Various environmental risk factors for the occurrence of roadkill events were found. However, there is a gap in observational studies focusing on the effects of deforestation and predator species richness on the roadkill, despite their plausible mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the associations between water deer roadkill events and environmental risk factors in South Korea.

Methods

We analyzed 1,986 roadkill events of water deer recorded on highway routes managed by the Korean National Transport Center from 2019 to 2021 as an outcome variable, and the values of environmental factors collated as explanatory variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate these associations.

Results

This study highlighted two main explanatory variables: predator species richness and deforestation, and the results indicate that higher deforestation level was associated with higher odds of the roadkill incidence, with an odds ratio of 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.25] from the ordinary model and 1.11 (95% credible interval = 1.03–1.21) from the spatial regression model. Conversely, predator species richness is negatively associated with the roadkill events, with an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval = 0.69 to 0.80) from the ordinary regression model and 0.76 (95% credible interval = 0.66–0.86) from the spatial regression model.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that conservational effort, such as preventing wildlife diversity and mitigating deforestation could reduce the incidence of water deer roadkill events.
Case report: Atopic dermatitis-like skin manifestations in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia caused by a novel splice site mutation of the EDA gene successfully treated with dupilumab
Authors: Uchiyama Eri , Takeda Kiminobu , Ono Hiroto , Shimizu Akira , Togi Sumihito , Ura Hiroki , Niida Yo
Published: January 2025

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare disease. Patients with HED present with sparse hair on the head, dysplastic teeth and anhidrosis since childhood, along with atopic dermatitis-like skin manifestations. We report a 20-year-old male HED patient with atopic dermatitis-like skin who was successfully treated with dupilumab. Genetic analysis identified a splicing mutation in the EDA gene, NG_009809.2 (NM_001399.5):c.793 + 3A>C r.742_793del p.Pro248Ilefs Ter15, which has never been reported before. The subject presented to our department because of worsening generalized itching. Based on the distribution of the skin rash, the patient was diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and started on dupilumab. The skin rash became less severe in the third month of treatment. The potential of dupilumab in treating genodermatoses associated with Th2 immunity is known. Although the skin rash is related to atopic dermatitis-like skin manifestations of HED or independent atopic dermatitis is unclear, dupilumab may be a candidate for the treatment of HED with atopic dermatitis skin.
Estrategia transformadora en el Aprendizaje de Ingeniería Sostenible: experiencias basadas en el Design Thinking/Movimiento Maker+
Authors: Mejías-Acosta Agustín Alexander , Díaz-Vargas Adriana Janeth , Montealegre-Rodríguez Diana Carolina
Published: January 2025

La enseñanza de la ingeniería presenta actualmente desafíos que limitan la capacidad de los futuros profesionales para enfrentar los problemas relacionados con la sostenibilidad. Las metodologías educativas están centradas en enfoques teóricos limitando al estudiante aplicar de manera práctica los principios de sostenibilidad, tecnología e innovación. El objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar cómo el movimiento Maker, combinado con las metodologías como Design Thinking, por proyectos y por retos pueden ser herramientas eficaces para fomentar la innovación y la sostenibilidad en la educación superior. El Movimiento Maker es una herramienta transformadora basada en la creación de soluciones sostenibles e innovadoras, con un enfoque integral que responde a los desafíos globales de sostenibilidad; promueve el uso de tecnologías emergentes como energías renovables, materiales reciclables y biotecnología, permitiendo el uso eficiente de recursos y la minimización del impacto ambiental. Además, fomenta el trabajo colaborativo multidisciplinar, impulsando una conciencia ambiental y ética profesional. El análisis de factibilidad confirmó que la implementación de los proyectos era viable tanto técnica como económica, y que podía generar un impacto ambiental positivo significativo. Se evidenció el potencial del Design Thinking y las metodologías ágiles para abordar desafíos complejos de manera estructurada e innovadora. Además, el uso de herramientas tecnológicas emergentes no solo facilitó el desarrollo del proyecto, sino que también fortaleció las competencias técnicas y digitales de los estudiantes. A través de esta estrategia, se espera formar profesionales con competencias sólidas en sostenibilidad, mientras se evalúa el efecto del Movimiento Maker en su motivación y rendimiento académico.
Forecasts Plus Assessments of Renewable Generation Performance, the Effect of Earth’s Geographic Location on Solar and Wind Generation
Authors: Berna-Escriche César , Álvarez-Piñeiro Lucas , Blanco David
Published: January 2025

Solar and wind resources are critical for the global transition to net-zero emission energy systems. However, their variability and unpredictability pose challenges for system reliability, often requiring fossil fuel-based backups or energy storage solutions. The mismatch between renewable energy generation and electricity demand necessitates analytical methods to ensure a reliable transition. Sole reliance on single-year data is insufficient, as it does not account for interannual variability or extreme conditions. This paper explores probabilistic modeling as a solution to more accurately assess renewable energy availability. A 22-year dataset is used to generate synthetic data for solar irradiance, wind speed, and temperature, modeled using statistical probability distributions. Monte Carlo simulations, run 93 times, achieve 95% confidence and confidence levels, providing reliable assessments of renewable energy potential. The analysis finds that during Dunkelflaute periods, in high-solar and high-wind areas, DF events average 20 h in the worst case, while low-resource regions may experience DF periods lasting up to 48 h. Optimal energy mixes for these regions should include 15–20% storage and interconnections to neighboring areas. Therefore, stochastic consideration and geographic differentiation are essential analyses to address these differences and ensure a reliable and resilient renewable energy system.
High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane
Authors: Wei Qiong , Sun Zihang , Li Xudong , Chen Zichao , Li Yi
Published: January 2025

Flexible strain sensors have attracted significant attention due to their critical applications in wearable devices, biological detection, and artificial intelligence. However, achieving both a wide strain range and high sensitivity remains a major challenge in current research. This study aims to develop a novel composite material with a synergistic conductive network to construct high-performance flexible strain sensors. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber membranes were first prepared using electrospinning technology, and their surface was modified with polydopamine (PDA) via in-situ polymerization, which significantly enhanced the fibers’ adsorption capacity for conductive materials. Subsequently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) were coated onto the PDA-modified TPU fibers through ultrasonic anchoring, forming a CB/CNT/PDA/TPU composite with a synergistic conductive network. The results demonstrated that the flexible strain sensor fabricated from this composite material (with a CB-to-CNT mass ratio of 7:3) achieved ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF, up to 1063) over a wide strain range (up to 300%), along with a low detection limit (1% strain), fast response and recovery times (137 ms), and exceptional stability and durability. Further evaluations confirmed that this sensor reliably captured biological signals from various joint movements, highlighting its broad application potential in human motion monitoring, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics.
Classical Swine Fever Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Erns, E1, and E2 Activate IL-10-STAT1-MX1/OAS1 Antiviral Pathway via Replacing Classical IFNα/β
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Liang Dongli , Tian Yu , Liang Jiaxin , Li Xiaoquan , Liu Cheng , Liang Jingjing , Luo Ting Rong , Li Xiaoning
Published: January 2025

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an acute and often fatal disease caused by CSF virus (CSFV) infection. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pigs infected with CSFV. The results revealed that CSFV inhibits IFNα/β production, but up-regulates the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1); this result was verified in vitro. Interestingly, STAT1 is typically a downstream target of IFNα/β, raising the question of how CSFV can inhibit IFNα/β expression, yet up-regulate STAT1 expression. To explore this further, we observed that UV-treated CSFV induced STAT1 expression. Our results demonstrated that CSFV Erns, E1, and E2 could up-regulate STAT1 expression within the host cell cytoplasm and facilitate its translocation into the nucleus. The Erns, E1, and E2 proteins also separately induced the up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-10; IL-10 acts as the communicator connecting Erns, E1, and E2 proteins to STAT1, leading to the subsequent up-regulation, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of STAT1. Silencing of IL-10 down-regulated STAT1 expression. Finally, MX1 and OAS1 were identified as downstream targets of the IL-10-STAT1 pathway. In summary, a novel IL-10-STAT1 pathway independent of IFNα/β induced by CSFV Erns, E1, and E2 was identified in this study.
Analyzing Cost Overrun Risks in Construction Projects: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective Using Fuzzy Group Decision-Making and K-Means Clustering
Authors: Abdelalim Ahmed Mohammed , Salem Maram , Salem Mohamed , Al-Adwani Manal , Tantawy Mohamed
Published: January 2025

The current research investigates cost overrun factors in structural projects, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using Egypt as a model. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 405 research papers published between 2000 and 2024, from which 69 relevant papers were selected to identify 48 key factors contributing to cost overrun. Using K-means clustering, these factors were grouped into three clusters based on their probability and impact, which were classified for their risk levels. To ensure robust analysis, a survey was conducted to gather expert opinions, resulting in 369 valid responses from owners, contractors/subcontractors, and management firms/consultants. The fuzzy group decision-making approach (FGDMA) was conducted to rank all 48 factors, offering a detailed assessment of their relative importance. Based on these rankings, the top 20 factors were identified for analysis to examine variations in stakeholder priorities, capturing differences in perspectives among multi-stakeholders. Sensitivity analysis and Tornado charts explored the critical variations among stakeholders, with management firms/consultants and owners prioritizing design-related risks, such as inconsistencies and delays in approvals, while contractors/subcontractors focused more on material waste. This novel integration presents a structured approach for analyzing, prioritizing, and mitigating cost overrun risks, offering a comprehensive framework that provides practical insights for stakeholders to improve cost and risk management strategies.
Electroporation Induces Unexpected Alterations in Gene Expression: A Tip for Selection of Optimal Transfection Method
Authors: Hamada Taiji , Yokoyama Seiya , Akahane Toshiaki , Matsuo Kei , Kitazono Ikumi , Furukawa Tatsuhiko , Tanimoto Akihide
Published: January 2025

Electroporation is an efficient method for nucleotide and protein transfer, and is used for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. In this study, we investigated the effects of electroporation on platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression in U-251 and U-87 MG cells. PDGFRA mRNA and protein expression decreased 2 days after electroporation in both cell lines, with recovery observed after 13 days in U-87 MG cells. However, in U-251 MG cells, PDGFRα expression remained suppressed, despite mRNA recovery after 13 days. Similar expression profiles were observed for lipofection in the U-251 MG cells. Comprehensive RNA sequencing confirmed electroporation-induced up- and down-regulation of RTK mRNA in U-251 MG cells 2 days post-electroporation. In contrast, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) transfected with mNeonGreen fluorescent protein or Cas9 did not affect PDGFRA, RTKs, or inflammatory cytokine expression, suggesting fewer adverse effects of rAAV on U-251 MG cells. These findings emphasize the need for adequate recovery periods following electroporation or the adoption of alternative methods, such as rAAV transfection, to ensure the accurate assessment of CRISPR-mediated gene editing outcomes.
Design and Implementation of a Quantum-Assisted Digital Signature
Authors: García-Cid Marta Irene , Martín Rodrigo , Domingo David , Martín Vicente , Ortiz Laura
Published: January 2025

We propose a new quantum-assisted digital signature (Q-DS) protocol based on the composite of truly random symmetric keys generated by quantum key distribution with secure standardized hash functions, which allows for high parameterization to provide different security levels. The protocol is demonstrated to be secure, it is implemented, and its performance is tested for several system configurations. A comparative evaluation of the results obtained for Q-DS is carried out with 6 pre-quantum and 12 post-quantum digital signature algorithms. The results show that the Q-DS overperforms during the signature generation and verification processes, while its performance is affected by the key generation process. However, using more efficient QKD devices, this process can be highly improved, making the Q-DS protocol comparable to the most efficient post-quantum solution, i.e., CRYSTALS-Dilithium.
Asteroid Shower: Cutaneous Silica Granuloma with Asteroid Bodies
Authors: Ahmed Fadwa , DiMarco Christopher
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous silica granulomas are a form of foreign-body granulomatous reactions. They are characterized histopathologically by sarcoidal granulomas in association with silica crystals. Asteroid bodies, a classical histopathological feature of sarcoidosis, have not previously been reported in association with silica granulomas. Herein, we present the case of an 83-year-old man with an asymptomatic papule on the vertex scalp. Histopathology revealed a dermal granulomatous reaction to silica crystals. Asteroid bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells. In the absence of systemic symptoms or laboratory findings suggestive of sarcoidosis, a final diagnosis of silica granuloma with asteroid bodies was made. While they have been observed in several other granulomatous reactions, the present case represents a novel association of asteroid bodies with silica granulomas.
Impact of Molar Distalization with Clear Aligners on Periodontal Ligament Stress and Root Resorption Risk: A Systematic Review of 3D Finite Element Analysis Studies
Authors: Nazeri Ava , Castillo Jose A. , Ghaffari-Rafi Arash
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Molar distalization with clear aligners is increasingly used for Class II malocclusions, yet the associated periodontal ligament (PDL) stress and potential root resorption risk remain unclear. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) provides insight into these factors, but variations in attachments and anchorage strategies merit systematic evaluation. To determine whether molar distalization with clear aligners exceeds the PDL stress thresholds for root resorption and to assess how different attachments and anchorage methods influence stress distribution. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four electronic databases were searched without language or date restrictions. Studies were included if they (1) employed 3D FEA, (2) analyzed PDL stress during aligner-based molar distalization, and (3) assessed root resorption risk or stress thresholds. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, yielding eight studies. Results: Attachments lowered PDL stress and distributed forces more evenly, reducing root resorption risk compared with no attachment cases. Micro-implants shifted stress to molars and protected anterior teeth; palatal mini-screws achieved greater distalization but higher stress, requiring caution, while buccal mini-screws showed lower stress in first premolar roots. Placing a mini-screw between first and second molars yielded the lowest, most uniform stress. Class II elastics—with precision cuts—demonstrated low compressive stress and improved anchorage, although some resorption risk persisted in maxillary anteriors. Conclusions: Clear aligner–based molar distalization can elevate PDL stress to potentially resorptive levels. Although attachments, micro-implants, and Class II elastics improve stress distribution and lessen root resorption risk, it is not fully eliminated. Careful, individualized treatment planning remains essential, and further clinical validation is needed to establish definitive guidelines.