bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urgen nuevas maneras de diseñar, producir y consumir objetos de plástico en México
Authors: Acero Campos Gerardo , Soto Walls Luis Jorge
Published: April 2024

En todo el mundo se emplean a diario objetos de plástico de un solo uso desde que amanece hasta que anochece, mismos que se desechan tan pronto como se utilizan y que ocasionan un serio problema ambiental y de salud. Esto se debe al uso indiscriminado de los materiales plásticos con los que están hechos y que fueron inventados para durar mucho tiempo y que lamentablemente se usan —sin conciencia— por muy poco. Desafortunadamente muchos de éstos terminaran tirados en las calles, ríos, mares y campos de cultivo causando problemas ambientales, así como enfermedades graves en humanos y animales como alteraciones hormonales y distintos tipos de cáncer. Es claro que el reciclaje no ha sido suficiente para resolver estos problemas, se requiere hacer algo más y sobre todo en México.
Effect of Microstructural Constituents on Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of API X60, X70, and X80 Pipeline Steels
Authors: Shin Seung-Hyeok , Oh Dong-Kyu , Kim Sang-Gyu , Hwang Byoungchul
Published: April 2024

This study describes how microstructural constituents affected the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of high-strength pipeline steels. The American Petroleum Institute (API) X60, X70, and X80 pipeline steels demonstrated complicated microstructure comprising polygonal ferrite (PF), acicular ferrite, granular bainite (GB), bainitic ferrite (BF), and secondary phases, e.g., the martensite-austenite (MA) constituent, and the volume fraction of the microstructures was dependent on alloying elements and processing conditions. To evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement resistance, a slow strain rate test (SSRT) was performed after electrochemical hydrogen charging. The SSRT results indicated that the X80 steel with the highest volume fraction of the MA constituent demonstrated relatively high yield strength but exhibited the lowest hydrogen embrittlement resistance because the MA constituent acted as a reversible hydrogen trap site.
Fractography of Stress Corrosion Cracking of 20% Cold Worked Type 304 H Stainless Steel Containing δ-Ferrite in Oxidizing Primary Water
Authors: Kim Hong-Pyo , Lee Jong-Yeon , Cho Sung-Hwan , Choi Min-Jae , Kim Sung-Woo , Jin Hyung-Ha , Kim Dong-Jin , Hwang Seoung-Sik , Lim Yun-Soo
Published: April 2024

Fractography of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 20% cold worked Type 304 H stainless steel containing δ-ferrite was studied using a compact tension (CT) specimen in oxidizing primary water with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The stress corrosion crack propagated mostly in transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) mode and sometimes in intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) mode. TGSCC paths were along the {111} plane with both high resolved shear stress and high resolved tensile stress. IGSCC preferentially propagated along the grain boundary perpendicular to the loading axis. The findings in this work suggest that TGSCC proceeds through formation of a weakening zone at the head of the crack tip by interaction of slip and corrosion and then cracking of the weakened zone by tensile stress.
Microstructure, Compressive Properties and Oxidation Behaviors of the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf Alloy with Minor Holmium Addition
Authors: Wang Qiaoli , Xiao Yinan , Wu Di , Yang Fang , Sheng L.Y
Published: April 2024

In the present research, the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloys with different Ho addition were prepared. Their microstructure, compressive properties and oxidation behaviors were investigated preliminarily. The results exhibit that the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy has coarse microstructure which is mainly composed of Nb solid solution, Nb5Si3 and Ti5Si3 phases. The minor Ho addition could refine the microstructure and suppress the precipitation of Ti5Si3 phase. Moreover, the Ho addition also leads to the formation of Ho2Hf2O7, which prefers to precipitate along the Nbss/Nb5Si3 phase interface. Compared with the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy, the minor Ho addition improves the room-temperature and high-temperature compressive properties of the alloy. Its room-temperature compressive strength and ductility obtain the maximum value of 1825 MPa and 16.5% when the Ho content is 0.1 at.%. Moreover, its best compressive strength at 873 K, 1273 K and 1473 K is 1495 MPa, 765 MPa and 380 MPa, respectively, when the Ho addition is 0.1 at.%. The oxidation behavior of the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy is diversified with the Ho addition. The oxidation rate of the alloy with 0.1 at.% Ho addition is the lowest while the alloy with 0.2 at.% Ho addition is the highest. Therefore, the 0.1 at.% Ho would be the appropriate content for the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy.
Titania Nanoparticles Doped Electrospun Membranes
Authors: Celik Madenli E. , Ciftci Z.I.
Published: April 2024

Electrospun membranes exhibit very promising properties, such as high surface area, high surface area-to-pore volume ratio, high pore interconnectivity, and uniform pore distribution. Nanoparticles are a promising alternative for improving the properties of the electrospun membranes. Titania nanoparticles, which are stable, resistant, and non-toxic, have various applications including water treatment, sensors, food additive and cosmetics. Due to the high hydrophilicity of titania nanoparticles, membrane fouling is reduced in titania nanoparticles doped membranes. Titania nanoparticle doped polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposite electrospun membranes were prepared by electrospinning method in this work. Compared to bare PAN electrospun membranes 0.05% titania nanoparticles doped electrospun membranes have thinner nanofibers, higher hydrophilicity and almost 2 times lower bovine serum albumin adsorption, which shows lower fouling tendency.
The behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Using Expanded Polystyrene Beads and Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Replacement Materials
Authors: Osman M.H. , Chin L.Y. , Adnan S.H. , Jeni M.L.M. , Jusoh W.A.W. , Salim S. , Rahim Nur Liza , Wysłocki J.J.
Published: April 2024

The Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams containing Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as sand and cement replacement with a percentage between 10% and 30% were studied in terms of load-deflection behaviour. RC beam’s size was 1000×150×150 mm and simply supported at spaced 750 mm apart. The 10% of POFA without EPS shows a slight increase which is 0.26% higher than normal concrete in compressive strength. The ultimate load and flexural performance of RC beams with EPS and POFA exhibited a decreasing trend. All beams’ ultimate load exceeds the design value. The cracks of the RC beam may be classified as vertical flexural cracks, and some of the cracks can be classified as shear cracks based on the crack angle. As the percentage of EPS and POFA increases above 20% for all specimens, cracking starts to change to shear cracking.
Zoonoses-specific resources, collaborative networks, and enhanced communication can help US veterinarians tackle zoonotic diseases: results from a national survey
Authors: Chakraborty Sulagna , Fama Annalisa , Sander William E.
Published: April 2024

Increased incidence of zoonoses, coupled with veterinarians’ occupational exposure, led to this study examining the knowledge of licensed US veterinarians on zoonoses and their disease prevention practices. This online survey supported by the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians received 466 responses from 36 US states; 67% of the respondents were female, and 72.5% were small animal medicine practitioners. The One Health concept was familiar among 82% of respondents, 51.3% knew of continuing education training on zoonoses, and 68% had attended such a training in the last 5 years. Respondents were unaware of which zoonoses to report to public health departments. For 3 out of 8 questions on standard operating procedures, statistically significant differences in protocols followed among small, large, and mixed animal medicine practitioners were observed. Most respondents believed they play a critical role in zoonoses prevention but would like more information on zoonotic diseases. Results indicate that assisting veterinarians with regularly updated information on zoonoses, providing targeted education and training to adhere to standardized infection control measures, and increasing communication with public health agencies and physicians may help prevent and reduce incidence of zoonoses.
Main consequences of enzymatic induction and inhibition during the interaction of drugs and the role of CYP3A4, CYP3A45 enzymes
Authors: Dreshaj Arber , Dreshaj Altin , Sinanaj Driton , Morina Evetar , Dehari Shefket
Published: April 2024

The microsomal enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of pollutants, toxic agents and drugs. With regards to drug metabolism, the activity of the constituent microsomal enzymes results in the reduction of pharmacological and toxicological activity through conversion of hydrophilic (water soluble) compounds to allow urinary excretion. Microsomal enzymes oxidize drugs and steroid hormones in reactions that require adenine nucleotide diphosphate (NADPH). Reversible inhibition reduces enzyme activity through reversible interaction. A covalent bond between the inhibitor and the enzyme can promote the destruction of essential functional groups of the enzyme. Enzyme induction and inhibition are problematic in drug polytherapy. Often the lack of effect of a drug or the side effects that a certain drug exhibits are problems of interaction of drugs with each other in that individually they inhibit or stimulate enzyme activity.
Quantification of chlorogenic acid in Pluchea indica L. stem ethanolic extracts and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Hikmawanti Ni Putu Ermi , Yumita Agustin , Siregar Jihan Esa
Published: April 2024

Chlorogenic acid (CA) is an important phenolic acid antioxidant. It is found in Pluchea indica L. (Asteraceae). However, it has only been extensively studied in the leaves, while studies on the stems have not been reported. This study aimed to identify and measure the levels of CA in the stem extract of P. indica. The extract was also determined for its antioxidant activities. In the course of the work, P. indica stems powder was extracted using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique employing 50%-ethanol as solvent directly and sequentially. The extract was then measured for total phenolic content (TPC) and CA content using RP-HPLC. Meanwhile, antioxidant activities were determined by the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power (RP) methods. TPC in the sequential and the direct of P. indica stems ethanol extracts were 1.4694±0.0228 and 1.9314±0.0318 mgGAE/g DW, respectively. We found that the CA content of 50%-ethanol extract of P. indica stems from sequential extraction (0.2045±0.0128%, w/w) was higher than 50%-ethanol extract from direct extraction (0.1984±0.0113%, w/w). The two extracts demonstrated good antioxidant capacity, while the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts did not. Identifying of other antioxidants phenolics using other extracting methods still needs further study.
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus among chronic kidney disease patients in Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Basem Zahraa , Jameel Huda
Published: April 2024

Many people across the world have been infected with Epstein Barr virus (EBV), a kind of a human herpes virus. Loss of kidney function happens progressively with time in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Individuals with CKD may be more susceptible to viral infections such as EBV due to their compromised immune systems. The purpose of this research is to quantify the frequency with which EBV infection occurs in patients with CKD in the Al-Najaf governorate. Blood samples from 50 people with CKD and 50 healthy controls were collected for the study at the Specialized Centre for Diseases and Kidney Transplant at Al-Sadder Medical City in Al-Najaf city. Nineteen of the CKD patients were men, whereas 31 were women. The age range of individuals who took part in the research varied from 17 to 47. The time frame for this study’s data gathering was from January 2022 to December 2022. Fifty hemodialysis patients gave blood samples for analysis. Researchers measured anti-EBV IgG antibodies using the ELISA method to evaluate the efficacy of humoral immunity. Eleven (22% of all samples) were found to have positive results for Epstein Barr nuclear antigen2 (EBNA2) IgG. This number was 43.1% of all males and 38.4% of all females. However, the serum concentration was found to be statistically significantly higher in the age range of 17-26 years (p0.05) than in any other age group. The RT-qPCR method was also applied to detect EBV infection in the study. Only 18 (36% of the sample) of the 50 patients had positive RT-qPCR results for EBV. This number was 15.7% of all males and 48.4% of all females; however, the positivity rate increased to 71.4% in the (17-26) age group and decreased to 28.5% in those older than 57. Results from the control group were negative for EBNA2 IgG antibodies and EBV DNA. Findings of this research demonstrate that the prevalence of EBV antibodies is considerably higher among patients undergoing hemodialysis than in the group serving as a control, regardless of age. In addition, the results of the study support the use of real-time PCR for detecting EBV among patients with CKD, due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
UTILIZATION OF 4IR TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: BOIKANYO Dinko Herman
Published: April 2024

This paper delves into the transformative role of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, and Blockchain—in reshaping strategic intelligence and dynamic capabilities in businesses. It presents an in-depth analysis of how these technologies enhance strategic decision-making, predictive analytics, and operational agility, thereby contributing to a sustainable competitive advantage in rapidly evolving markets. The paper also explores the synergistic effects of integrating these technologies and the resulting challenges and opportunities, including cybersecurity risks, workforce displacement, and ethical considerations. Furthermore, it proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates technology adoption with organizational strategy, emphasizing continuous learning, sustainability, and ethical practices. This study concludes by discussing the implications for practitioners and policymakers and suggesting directions for future research, particularly in understanding long-term impacts, cross-industry applications, and societal implications of 4IR technologies. This paper aims to provide valuable insights for businesses and policymakers navigating the complexities of the 4IR era.
UNDERSTANDING FACTORS PROPELLING LABOUR TURNOVER OF MARRIED FEMALE WORKERS IN THE RETAIL INDUSTRY IN MASVINGO URBAN
Authors: CHIBVONGODZE Millicent , NYANGA Takupiwa , MAUNGANIDZE Farai , NYAMUBARWA Willard , MUPANI Honest
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to interrogate factors that influence labour turnover of married female workers in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the retail industry. The study utilized the qualitative research approach with structured interviews being used to solicit data from twenty-two purposively selected participants who had left employment within the last five years from SMEs in the retail sector. The findings of the study showed that labour turnover of married female workers in the retail sector was alarmingly high. The main drivers of labour turnover were sexual objectification of married female workers at workplaces, heavy and physically demanding work and human engineering. Disputes of rights, glass ceiling and securing marriages were some of the major propellers of labour turnover of married female workers in SMEs in the retail sector. The high rate of labour turnover significantly affects the performance of SMEs. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing information on labour turnover of married female workers an area which has not been explored by many researchers. The results also help managers of SMEs in the retail sector and government authorities to pay close attention and possibly address the problems faced by female employees in the retail industry.
The Practice of Green Washing Motivated by Financial Constraints: An Analysis in Global Economies
Authors: Maria Michele Monteiro Lirio , Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva , Maria Júnior Elizeu , Louzada Luiz Cláudio , Nascimento Schleiden Pinheiro
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze if the practice of Greenwashing is related to the level of financial constraints of companies in the capital market.
 
Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories that underpin the research. Relevant theories, models, or frameworks are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context.
 
Method: To achieve this objective, this research proposes an econometric model that seeks to relate variables representing financial constraint conditions to the Greenwash score. For this purpose, financial data from 3,574 companies from 21 countries were analyzed for the period between 2016 and 2022. The proposed model in the research was analyzed through multiple linear regression with panel data.
 
Results and Discussion: The results obtained allow inferring that the variables used to capture the level of financial constraint of companies are significantly related to the practice of Greenwashing. However, the Financial Risk and Debt Cost variables were negatively associated with the Greenwash score, showing a relationship with the dependent variable diverging from what was expected.
 
Research Implications: The results of this research allow inferring for the analyzed sample that the practice of Greenwashing is impacted by the financial constraint situation of companies. Such a result can contribute to academic studies on best ESG practices and provide support for improving market monitoring regarding the manipulation of Corporate Social Responsibility actions by companies.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by expanding the analysis of Greenwashing practice to a significant and representative sample of companies in relation to the largest global economies. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by evaluating aspects of corporate management beyond financial ones, relating environmental and social aspects to the financial risks of companies in the capital market.
Globalization in The Banking Sector of The Western Balkans: A Panel Data Review
Authors: Spaho Mateo , Mani Aelita
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The current paper will provide an overview of the influence of economic globalization and the transnational structure of the banking sector in the Western Balkans (WB), a region where banks play a crucial economic and social role.
 
Method: The methodology employed incorporates regressive panel data derived from secondary data acquired between 2019 and 2024.
 
Results: The findings revealed that of the five commercial banks (n=5) experiencing a cross-border profile, the most powerful in terms of total assets, loans, and financial credibility were those with European Union (EU) investments rather than domestic institutions.
 
Conclusions: Given the current outcomes, it is recommended that policy and monetary practices prioritize enhancing attempts to attract foreign investment while simultaneously strengthening domestic banking capacities to become increasingly competitive and interconnected.
Prasa, książka, biblioteka: analiza dorobku publikacyjnego Ewy Wójcik za lata 1990–2020
Authors: Kwiecień Sabina , Langer Beata
Published: April 2024

This article provides an overview of the scientific achievements of Ewa Wójcik. As a researcher of history of the press and history of the Lviv publishing and bookstore movements in the years 1990-2020, she published 74 original scientific publications, including 7 authored and co-authored monographs as well as 59 articles and scientific dissertations. Ewa Wójcik’s research interests were centred around two main problem areas - the history of the press (37.9%), in particular Polish calendars of the interwar period and popular science magazines until 1939, as well as the history of the publishing and bookselling movements (33.8%). In the second area, the author focused her attention on the Lviv publishing market, investigating the lives of publishers, booksellers and antiquarians. Other works (28%) present, e.g., bibliographies of press studies published in Poland in the years 1939-1945 history of books and press, Cracow, Lvov
„Strzecha” Franciszka Henryka Richtera (1868-1873, 1878) w świetle korespondencji wydawcy i redaktora
Authors: Konopka Maria
Published: April 2024

The article describes the circumstances of the creation and implementation of the Lviv liter-ary magazine “Strzecha” (Thatch). Correspondence of the publisher (F.H. Richter) and editor (F. Waligórski) with their regular contributor J.I. Kraszewski reveals the details of the financing of the project and the problems of keeping it on the market, brings the content of the magazine and the publisher’s efforts to improve its literary and artistic level.
Dionizy Królikowski (1862-1836) - wielkopolski dziennikarz, literat i tłumacz
Authors: Gzella Grażyna
Published: April 2024

Dionizy Królikowski (1862-1936), a Poznań journalist and writer, was the editor of many newspapers and magazines published on the Polish territories under Prussian rule, in Silesia and Galicia. Knowing Slavic languages and relations prevailing in individual countries, he translated and disseminated works of authors from these countries. He published his own works in periodicals and monographs.
Issues of the Ancient Near East in Polish Women’s Press in the 19th - and Early 20th Centuries (2) - Bluszcz [Ivy]
Authors: Zinkow Leszek
Published: April 2024

The Polish magazine for women: Bluszcz [Ivy] (1865-1918) included pieces on the history of culture, literature, issues of scientific progress, travels, and descriptions of foreign countries. This paper discusses texts referring to the ancient Near East as published in Bluszcz. It includes a review and analysis of press materials dealing with various aspects of this heritage: notes, reviews, announcements, articles, digressive travel reports, and fiction, among others.These articles were published in the context of the specific kind of press and former under-standing of 19th Century women’s intellectual needs. The more prominent or characteristic publications are synthetically discussed, while the summary presents reflections of a statistical nature, on the distribution and formal transformations.
Pisma SKS i niezależnego ruchu studenckiego 1977-1980
Authors: Kuta Cecylia
Published: April 2024

Established in the second half of the 1970s, the Student Solidarity Committees (Studenckie Komitety Solidarności, SKS) were the first student organisation openly active in government opposition. Their activists organised educational campaigns, seminars aimed at familiarising students with history and literature that were absent from school curricula, collected signatures for petitions defending the oppressed, took part in protests and organised training camps. Publishing was an important form of activity for the SKS and the Independent Students’ Association. Periodicals published by those circles had a significant impact on the development of the second circulation. This issue is the main focus of this paper. It discusses and compares the publishing activity of the bodies within which the Student Solidarity Committees functioned.
Mundus librorum w Nieświeżu. Magnacka tożsamość a duchowość zakonna
Authors: Pietrzkiewicz Iwona
Published: April 2024

Nesvizh (Nieśwież) - the town of the Radziwiłł family, and at the same time the centre of the activity of a number of monastic institutions, especially the Jesuits sponsored by Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł - is an interesting example of how magnate religiosity was built and what was its scope. The renunciation of Calvinism and the model of miles christianus implemented over the years became the basis for Radziwiłł’s religious, social, and political activities, but it was also continued by his successors, the successive guardians of the Nesvizh estate. Their role model that combined models of a citizen, a Christian and a believing Church’s religious attitude was built on personal contacts, reading, and texts produced in the surroundings of the court or at his request. This model being perpetuated in communication, texts created for and inspired by ordinands and their families is the best example of coexistence and mutual influence of secular and the ecclesiastical communities in creating and strengthening the identity of the magnates in the context of the roles proposed and ennobled by orders in the post-Tridentine era.
Designing the “NCU Information Portal” — analysis of the mockups of the website based on the elements of user experience and information architecture
Authors: Cyrklaff-Gorczyca Magdalena , Marzec Paweł
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to compare three mockups (static graphic designs) of the Information Portal of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in terms of user experience and information architecture indicators and identify the best one to use for creating an active website. The research used an eye-tracking method, usability tests, observations and surveys. Most respondents indicated that mockup no. 3 was the best of the three proposed static website page designs. The respondents justified their choice, among other things, by the fact that it was clear and easy to use, had a functional layout of information and an appropriate colour scheme. The design chosen by respondents has been improved to reflect their suggested modifications. Its final version can be viewed at https://portal.umk.pl/.
Działalność ks. Mariana Leona Fulmana na rzecz bibliotek parafialnych w Królestwie Polskim na początku XX wieku
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: April 2024

Na początku XX wieku w publicystyce katolickiej pojawiły się wypowiedzi dotyczące potrzeby zakładania bibliotek parafialnych, przeznaczonych głównie dla czytelników wiejskich. Miały stanowić konkurencję dla bibliotek zakładanych przez świeckie towarzystwa oświatowe. Potrzebę zakładania tego rodzaju bibliotek uzasadniano niewłaściwym doborem księgozbioru w bibliotekach prowadzonych przez towarzystwa oświatowe, gdzie można było znaleźć książki niezgodne z moralnością i wiarą katolicką. Na uwagę w tym zakresie zasługują publikacje ks. Mariana Leona Fulmana, późniejszego biskupa lubelskiego. Był on autorem opublikowanego w 1907 roku poradnika dla zakładających biblioteki parafialne Biblioteki parafialne, ich potrzeba, zakładanie i sposób prowadzenia. Oprócz określenia zadań tego rodzaju bibliotek w propagowaniu oświaty w duchu katolickim zawarł w nim praktyczne wskazówki dla osób chcących założyć i prowadzić takie biblioteki. Artykuły na ten temat oraz na temat roli duchownych w propagowaniu oświaty wśród ludu publikował też w redagowanym przez siebie w latach 1905–1907 miesięczniku „Wiadomości Pasterskie”.
Poglądy bibliotekarzy austriackich na ochronę książek (początek XX w.)
Authors: Bangrowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

Na początku XX w. metody ochrony zbiorów stosowane przez bibliotekarzy austriackich związane były z dostępnością materiałów służących do tego celu, tj. środków naturalnych, chemicznych i biologicznych. Podstawowym środkiem zapobiegawczym było utrzymywanie czystości w bibliotekach (czytelniach i magazynach) oraz intensywne mechaniczne odkurzanie obiektów z kurzu, pleśni i brudu. Wśród organizmów żywych największe zagrożenie dla zbiorów bibliotecznych stanowiły pleśnie, grzyby i owady. Bibliotekarze stosowali chemiczne środki grzybobójcze (np. tymol i formalinę) oraz proponowali cztery metody niszczenia owadów: mechaniczną, chemiczną, fizyczną i biologiczną. Wszystkie działania podejmowane przez austriackich bibliotekarzy wskazują na rozwój świadomości potrzeby ochrony zbiorów historycznych i związane z tym stosowanie starych i nowych metod zabezpieczania zbiorów.
Znaczenie rodziny w urzeczywistnianiu ideałów wychowawczych Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej oraz jej pedagogizacja na przykładzie działalność Zjednoczenia Zrzeszeń Rodzicielskich w świetle publikowanych dokumentów
Authors: Frączek Zofia
Published: April 2024

Dwoma głównymi ruchami politycznymi w międzywojennej Polsce były Narodowa Demokracja i sanacja. Ich przedstawiciele wypracowali własną teleologię wychowawczą, w której istotną rolę przypisywali rodzinie, postrzegając ją jako podstawowe środowisko rozwoju dziecka. Starali się wpływać na wychowawcze funkcjonowanie rodziny, dlatego realizowali projekty pedagogizacji rodziny, w tym zakładali organizacje rodzicielskie, które oferowały rodzicom udział w wykładach, kursach i seminariach oraz wydawały czasopisma o tematyce rodzinnej. Niniejszy tekst przybliża działalność Zjednoczenia Zrzeszeń Rodzicielskich, ogólnopolskiej organizacji sympatyzującej z Narodową Demokracją. Dążyła ona m.in. do silnego zespolenia rodziny ze szkołą, aby skutecznie realizować przypisane im zadania wychowawcze. Wykorzystując wybrane czasopisma z okresu międzywojennego, w artykule nakreślono także trudności we współpracy rodziny ze szkołą i ich przyczyny.
Recepcja metody learning by doing. Studium przypadku z dydaktyki szkoły wyższej
Authors: Król Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę kształcenia akademickiego pokolenia Z, będącego aktualnym odbiorcą oferty edukacyjnej szkół wyższych. Prezentuje wyniki przeprowadzonych badań własnych, które przyniosły jednoznaczną odpowiedź na postawione przez autorkę pytanie badawcze – learning by doing jest interesującą metodą dydaktyczną dla studentów pokolenia Z i w większym stopniu dopasowaną do ich potrzeb edukacyjnych niż metody tradycyjne. Specyficzne cechy pokolenia Z, a także dynamicznie zmieniające się otoczenie, zwłaszcza informacyjne i technologiczne, wymagają innego niż dotychczas podejścia do procesu dydaktycznego. Przeniesienie punktu ciężkości z metod pasywnych na aktywne wydaje się nieuniknione, a elastyczne podejście w tym zakresie staje się zarówno potrzebą, jak i koniecznością.
Wielokulturowość i Studia kulturowe – nowe tomy w serii Słowniki społeczne
Authors: Zinkow Leszek
Published: April 2024

Recenzja monografii: Wielokulturowość i Studia kulturowe – tomy w serii Słowniki społeczne (Tomy VI oraz VIII serii Słowniki społeczne. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, Kraków 2022; red. B. Szlachta (t. VI) i L. Korporowicz, A. Knap-Stefaniuk, Ł. Burkiewicz (t. VIII); ISBN 978-83-7614-548-8, ISBN 978-83-7614-550-1).
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ КОСТЯ ПАНЬКІВСЬКОГО В РОКИ НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ ОКУПАЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ (1941–1944)
Authors: ГРАНД Михаїл
Published: April 2024

Мета статті – розкрити головні аспекти громадської діяльності Костя Паньківського в роки нацистської окупації України, зокрема Східної Галичини. Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що вперше в українській історіографії висвітлено головні аспекти діяльності Костя Паньківського в роки нацистської окупації західних земель України (1941–1944). Методологічною основою дослідження стали принципи історизму, науковості, авторської об’єктивності, загальнонаукові (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення) та спеціально-історичні (історико-генетичний, історико-системний, історико-типологічний) методи дослідження. Висновки. Роки німецької окупації для К. Паньківського стали найбільш важкими і водночас насиченими громадською діяльністю. Він узяв активну участь у діяльності утвореної у Львові Української Національної Ради на чолі з К. Левицьким і під протекторатом А. Шептицького. К. Паньківський очолив Генеральний секретаріат (інша назва − Краєвий діловий осередок) УНРади. Проте німці не визнали цього органу, тож К. Паньківський на їх вимогу перетворив діловий осередок в Український крайовий комітет – центральний орган керівництва окружними допомоговими комітетами Галичини. Він очолював УКК до об’єднання з Українським центральним комітетом (1 березня 1942 р.). Із цього часу він став заступником провідника УЦК В. Кубійовича, однак продовжував виконувати свої попередні функції. У важких умовах німецької окупації йому вдалося налагодити дієву систему соціально-гуманітарної допомоги українцям і представникам інших національностей. Зокрема, брав активну участь у порятунку 25–30 тис. дітей від голоду, врятував низку заарештованих гестапо українських діячів культури. У робочих поїздках він відвідав майже всі міста дистрикту «Галичина», зокрема двічі побував у Дрогобичі, де зустрічався з місцевою українською «Робітничою громадою» і високо оцінив її профспілкову та культурно-просвітницьку діяльність.
ПЕРСОНОЛОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА У ТВОРЧОМУ ДОРОБКУ СТЕПАНА ГЕЛЕЯ
Authors: ФУТАЛА Василь
Published: April 2024

Мета дослідження – показати творчий доробок професора С. Гелея у галузі української біографістики та визначити перспективи подальшого розвитку наукової проблеми. Методологія дослідження спирається на принципи історизму, системності, об’єктивності, а також на методи історіографічного аналізу та синтезу. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що виокремлено та розглянуто публікації С. Гелея, у яких застосовано біографічний метод дослідження особистості, показано їх значення для історичної науки. Висновки. Студії С. Гелея з біоісторіографії різноманітні за своїм характером. Він опублікував статті в енциклопедичних виданнях, у тритомному довідковому виданні «Українські кооператори», розглянув окремі аспекти діяльності історичних персонажів, незнані сторінки з їхнього життя і творчості, ввів у науковий обіг нові джерела, що поглиблюють розуміння ролі й значення певної особистості, її поглядів тощо. У доробку С. Гелея є праці або оригінальні висловлювання про колег – Я. Дашкевича, Я. Ісаєвича, О. Купчинського, М. Крикуна, Ю. Сливку, де навів власні спогади, маловідомі факти. Нерідко писав статті до дат із дня народження співпрацівників. Найбільшим здобутком ученого стало створення цілісних образів таких індивідуальностей, як В. Кучабський, І. Витанович та Р. Зубик. Разом із тим перспективним напрямом наукових студій може стати внесок С. Гелея у дослідження різних проблем історичного краєзнавства, української культури та духовності, економічного розвитку Галичини, історії та теорії української кооперації. Проведення такої роботи закладе добру основу для написання інтелектуальної біографії вченого.
ПРОБЛЕМИ СЕЛЯНСТВА У МІЖВОЄННІЙ ПОЛЬЩІ НА СТОРІНКАХ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО ЧАСОПИСУ «WIEŚ I PAŃSTWO» (1938–1939)
Authors: ЛАЗУРКО Лідія
Published: April 2024

Мета дослідження полягає у реконструкції представлення проблеми селянства у II Речі Посполитій на сторінках часопису «Wieś i Państwo» – друкованого органу львівського історико-економічного дослідницького осередку, очолюваного Францішком Буяком. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципах історизму, системності, науковості, верифікації, а також на використанні загальнонаукових (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення) та спеціально-історичних (історико-генетичний, історико-типологічний, історико-системний) методів. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше до наукового обігу залучаються матеріали часопису «Wieś i Państwo» (1938–1939 рр.), що є підставою узагальнення проблеми взаємин селянства та молодої польської держави міжвоєнного десятиліття. Висновки. У міжвоєнний період у Львові знаний дослідник минулого Францішек Буяка зорганізував історико-економічний дослідницький осередок, зусиллями учасників якого у 1938 р. постав науковий часопис «Wieś i Państwo». Видання стало трибуною репрезентації результатів студій школи Ф. Буяка, а також площадкою для обговорення актуальних проблеми соціально-економічного життя тодішньої Польщі. Однією з найбільш гострих проблем аграрної держави, на думку авторів видання, було «селянське питання». Проблему селянства, найбільш «занедбаної» соціальної групи у міжвоєнній Польщі, Францішек Буяк як прихильника демократії і соціальної рівності трактував цілісно. Дослідник вважав селянську верству не лише економічною, а й духовною основою держави. Взаємини «держава і селяни» Ф. Буяк розглядав у історичній ретроспективі як протистояння селян і шляхти. У цьому контексті одним із нагальних завдань він вважав подолання взаємних, історично зумовлених упереджень. А одним з основних шляхів цього мала бути дієва участь держави у підвищенні освітнього і культурного рівня селянської верстви. З огляду на час значну увагу Ф. Буяк приділяв проблемі тоталітаризму, зокрема можливостям та особливостям його запровадження у молодій польській державі. А в цьому контексті він аналізував ризики для селянської верстви, які могла спричинити така еволюція політичного устрою. Назагал у часописі «Wieś i Państwo» подавалися доволі виважені оцінки реально стану селянської проблеми, вирішення якої вбачалося у встановленні національної солідарності між різними соціальними прошарками, взаємини між якими мали би регулюватися на законодавчому рівні.
PENGARUH RISIKO LIKUIDITAS DAN RISIKO KREDIT TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Prayogi Algiansah , Muhammad Danial R, Deni , Jhoansayah Dicky
Published: April 2024

The purpose of study is to determine the effect of Liquidity Risk on Profitability and find out Credit Risk on Profitability in state-owned bank companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2013-2020 period. The effect in this study are Liquidity Risk (X1), Credit Risk (X2) and Profitability (Y). The Research method used is the descriptive and assosiative analysis with a quantitative approach. the samples used were 4 out of 58 samples using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis, testing the research model (F test) and testing the hypotesis using (T test) with data processing using SPSS 21 soft ware. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there is an influence of the variable Liquidity Risk (X1) and Credit Risk (X2) on Profitability (Y) of 1.111 including the recognition of a strong relationship, (1) Liquidity Risk has a negative and  not significant effect on Profitability of 0,380 or 3,80% , (2) Credit Risk has a negative and significant effect on Profitability of 0,731 or 7,31%.
O ENSINO COLETIVO DE MÚSICA PARA FORMAÇÃO DE BANDAS ESCOLARES
Authors: Lopes Fabrício de Oliveira , Ferraz Isaque Rodrigues , Ferraz Ismael Rodrigues , Barbosa Leandro Freitas
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho fundamenta-se nos resultados de uma pesquisa científica relacionada à temática em questão. Seu principal objetivo é conduzir uma investigação teórica sobre os resultados significativos do ensino coletivo de música para a formação de bandas escolares. Isso suscita questionamentos sobre a importância desse tipo de ensino e os benefícios que ele pode proporcionar para a formação musical dos alunos. Além disso, realiza-se uma síntese histórica das bandas de música no Brasil e sua relevância na sociedade e no contexto escolar. Também são abordados os processos de ensino coletivo de música nas bandas escolares, incluindo uma breve exposição de manuais e métodos pedagógico-educacionais utilizados nos parâmetros nacionais e internacionais. Por fim, são desenvolvidos cinco níveis teóricos e práticos de arranjo musical para banda de música moderna, com uma redução dos instrumentos de percussão da melodia principal da obra 9ª sinfonia quarto movimento:  "Ode à Alegria", do compositor Ludwig Van Beethoven.
The Protective Effect of a New Absorbent Incontinence Design Against an Alkaline pH Challenge on the Epidermal Barrier
Authors: Vechter Olga , Arlouskaya Yana , Sanaeifar Niuosha , Kesselmeier Rüdiger , Beer Pia , Tiemann Janina , Segiet Agnieszka , Rabczenko Daniel , Garcia Robert , Smola Hans
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most common complications of incontinence. Improved diaper designs can minimize the occurrence of IAD. PURPOSE: To develop a novel diaper design to minimize the damaging effects of incontinence on the epidermal barrier. METHODS: An optimized diaper design was tested for surface dryness (ie, rewet), maintenance of a skin-adapted surface pH of 5.5, and ability to protect epidermal barrier function from an alkaline pH 10.7 challenge. RESULTS: The diapers released a mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 1.2 (0.2) mg/cm2 of solution under pressure after the first loading and a mean of 2.9 (1.7) mg/cm2 after the second loading. The surface pH remained between 4.5 and 5.5 over 5 hours. In healthy skin, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) increased by a mean of 3.43 (4.67) g/m2/h after the alkaline urine solution challenge with the new diaper design versus a mean of 8.38 (5.67) g/m2/h with a cellulose patch (P < .001) as a control. The mean erythema readings were 1.18 (1.30) g/m2/h for the new design and 2.56 (1.25) g/m2/h for the cellulose patches (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The new diaper design minimizes rewetting, maintains an acidic surface, and protects the epidermal barrier against an alkaline pH challenge. This design may help prevent IAD.
Green technologies pavement construction
Authors: Surowiecki Andrzej , Kruszyński Michał , Ślusarczyk Stanisław
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problem of the negative impact of road traffic on the environment. An attempt has been made to justify the need to modify the current technical and material requirements for the construction of road pavements in view of the dynamic growth of road traffic and the increase in freight transport. The attention is focused on the effectiveness of modern and environmentally friendly asphalt pavements. The presented technologies include recycling, polymer modified asphalts, asphalts modified with rubber granules, examples of environmentally friendly pavement constructions and non-standard (also known as “special”) pavements. The article concludes with a summary of relevant practical considerations.
Control and allocation at an intersection with traffic lights
Authors: Malinowski Dominik
Published: April 2024

Managing road infrastructure in highly urbanized areas during the Industry 4.0 era poses a significant technological challenge for traffic engineers. Steadily growing traffic volume, both of motor vehicles and pedestrians, cyclists or scooters, necessitates the development of advanced traffic control algorithms and systems. Improvement of the efficiency and capacity of intersections without any intervention into the physical structure of roadways is one of the two aspects of today's traffic engineering. In this paper, however, emphasis is placed on the aspect of coordination of conflicting flows of motorized and pedestrian traffic. Consideration is given to ensuring that each traffic light phase at an intersection is maximally utilized while maintaining the required safety factor. The empirical part of the study consists in identifying inefficiencies in the traffic light cycle. The analysis of traffic phases has revealed that there were certain periods in the cycle during which pedestrians were given the right of way while, in fact, it was not necessary. The study proposes a solution to optimize the green signal timing for conflicting vehicular and pedestrian flows in real-time. By eliminating delays in traffic signal phases as a result of not having to give a green signal for pedestrians, the proposed solution will improve the efficiency of urban networks with respect to an aspect whose potential has not been exploited so far. Coordination and adaptation of each light phase to the most effective extent is a feasible answer to the needs and requirements of modern urban areas.
Viruses in the Respiratory Tract in Elective Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, J van Paassen , MZ Swets ,   Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, GH Groeneveld ,   Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, JJC de Vries ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Y de Jong ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, RM ten Brinck ,   Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, PS Hiemstra ,   Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, JJ Zwaginga ,   Department of Immunohematology and Blood transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, E de Jonge ,   Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, MS Arbous ,   Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiac surgery is a severe complication that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The presence of viruses in the respiratory tract is postulated to be one of multiple factors attributing to development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), but studies report conflicting results. Since this possible risk factor can potentially be influenced by screening or vaccination, we aimed to further investigate the role of viruses in the development of ARDS after cardiac surgery. Methods: We conducted an explorative prospective cohort study in 49 randomly chosen asymptomatic adult elective cardiac surgery patients. On four different time points, non-fiberscopic mini-broncho alveolar lavages (miniBAL) were collected and analysed with multiplex PCR testing for 11 types of respiratory viruses. Results and Conclusions: Various (merely low pathogenic) respiratory viruses were detected in 12% of our study population. Respiratory viruses were present both within and out of the influenza-like-illness- season. 19 (39%) of all patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. No relationship of viral presence with major pulmonary outcomes (PaO2/FiO2 ratio, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome or mechanical ventilation time) could be demonstrated, though events were too few to allow multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Asymptomatic elective cardiac surgery patients do carry respiratory viruses, though not associated with development of respiratory complications. Further research is warranted, in particular research into the (more pathogenic) diverse subtypes of the respiratory viruses, the relevance of virus load (cycle threshold-values) and even into the diagnostic method (throat swab versus deeper material).
Broader Function of Ficolins in Infectious Diseases
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China, X Wu
Published: April 2024

In the innate immune system, a diverse of pattern recognition molecules are important to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolins are novel soluble recognition molecule, which sense Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) on microbes and abnormal structures on self-cells. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from invertebrates to mammals. Although detailed comprehension about each ficolin is obscure, current information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense and are linked with many diseases. Ficolins function within innate immunity via the recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) on microbial pathogens via two main mechanisms: (i) assembly of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC), consisting of C5b-C9 proteins, which can directly lyse the bacterial membrane, and (ii) function as opsonins, potentiating the functions of immune cells. Complement activation may initiate positive responses against infections, but on the other hand, could exacerbate tissue damage or contribute to adverse side effects. Notably, there is mounting evidence implicating ficolins in the recognition and removal of numerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens in recent years. Additionally, there has been expanding evidence highlighting that cross-talk within these key complement immune proteins during the different infectious stages, enhance susceptibility to colonization by pathogens and dysfunctional immune responses. This review provides an overview of our up-to-date knowledge about ficolins, especially a broader perspective of the human ficolins and their mouse homologues.