bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Easily attainable new approach to mass yield ferrocenyl Schiff base and different metal complexes of ferrocenyl Schiff base through convenient ultrasonication‐solvothermal method
Authors: Elseman Ahmed Mourtada , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Rashad Mohamed M. , Hassan Ali M. , Ibrahim Nabila M. , Nassar Amr M.
Published: September 2016

A new alternative approach with crucial mass yield and high reaction rates is proposed for the synthesis of ferrocenyl Schiff bases using an ultrasonication‐solvothermal method. Equimolar condensation of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and 2‐aminophenol interact with each other, giving 1‐(1‐[2‐hydroxyphenyl‐2‐imino]methyl)‐ferrocene (FcOH). Furthermore, this ligand forms 1:1 complexes with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and palladium(II) ions. From the different spectral data, it is found that metal ions coordinate with ligands through the azomethine group and the deprotonated oxygen of the phenol groups. Moreover, FcOH and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV‐visible spectrophotometry. The spectral data of FcOH and its metal complexes were discussed in connection with the structural changes due to complexation. Meanwhile, the information about geometric structures can be concluded from the electronic spectra and the magnetic moments. Plainly, electron spin resonance spectra of the Cu(II) complex revealed dx2−y2 as a ground state, suggesting a square planar geometry around the Cu(II) center. The direct optical band gap energy Eg values of cobalt, nickel, copper, and palladium complexes of FcOH are found to be 3.7, 3.9, 4.6, and 3.65 eV, respectively. 1‐(1‐[2‐Hydroxyphenyl‐2‐imino]methyl)‐ferrocene and its metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity. The results depict that the metal complexes were found to be more strongly antibacterial than the guardian Schiff base ligand (FcOH) against one or more bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial properties of the purified compound were determined using the broth microdilution method.
SUPERMAT – A virtual center for sustainable development of advanced materials operating under extreme conditions
Authors: Piticescu Radu R. , Cuesta‐Lopez Santiago , Rinaldi Antonio , Urbina Marina , Qin Yi , Szakalos Peter , Largeteau Alain
Published: September 2016

The expertise, main experimental facilities and some selected results of the EU SUPERMAT Consortium are described, showing the importance of integrating modelling and simulation, fast sintering and coating technologies and specific characterisation techniques for obtaining high temperature ceramics, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels or Li‐ion batteries with controlled properties for extreme environmental applications. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The dynamics of intensification in a Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of Hurricane Earl (2010)
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Zhang Jun A. , Montgomery Michael T.
Published: September 2016

We use a high‐resolution numerical simulation of Atlantic Hurricane Earl (2010) to increase our understanding of Earl's intensification in relatively strong vertical shear in the context of a recent paradigm for tropical cyclone intensification. The integrity of the simulation is judged by comparing analyses thereof with those of the unprecedented observational data gathered in Earl. Consistent with the classical view of spin‐up, the amplification of the tangential wind field above the boundary layer is found to occur as the absolute angular momentum surfaces are drawn inwards by the aggregate heating of the rotating convective clouds in the interior of the vortex. In addition to this classical pathway, spin‐up occurs within the inner‐core boundary layer, where the maximum tangential winds occur. The latter is another element of the new paradigm.

Despite the detrimental influence of the shear on the vortex alignment and in depressing the pseudo‐equivalent potential temperature outside the developing eyewall, the combined eddy processes associated with the vortical plume structures in and around the developing eyewall region are shown to contribute to an enhanced overturning circulation and an intensifying storm. These eddy processes are distinctly agradient effects that are not features of the classical spin‐up mechanism. It remains to be understood how the rotating convective updraughts combine to produce the diagnosed structures of the eddy terms themselves and how vortex Rossby waves and other eddies contribute to the alignment of the vortex during intensification.
Bayes‐conditional Control Charts for Weibull Quantiles under Type II Censoring
Authors: Haghighi Firoozeh
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we develop a Bayesian approach for monitoring Weibull quantiles under Type II censoring when prior information is negligible relative to the data. The posterior median of quantiles is considered as the monitored statistic. A method based on the relationship between Bayesian and conditional limits under an appropriate prior distribution is proposed to obtain the posterior median of quantiles in closed form. A pivotal quantity based on the monitored statistic is proposed, and its distribution is conditionally derived. Then, the Bayes‐conditional control limits are proposed. For the proposed charts, the probability of out‐of‐control can be derived without use of simulation. The performance of the Bayes‐conditional charts is compared with the bootstrap charts through the simulation methods. The results show that to monitor the first quantiles, the lower‐sided Bayes‐conditional charts perform better than bootstrap charts in detecting a downward shift caused by decreasing in the shape parameter. Finally, an illustrative example is provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel tool for stable nitrogen isotope analysis in aqueous samples
Authors: Federherr E. , Kupka H. J. , Cerli C. , Kalbitz K. , Dunsbach R. , Loos A. , de Reus M. , Lange L. , Panetta R. J. , Schmidt T. C.
Published: September 2016

Rationale

Bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) of dissolved matter (e.g. dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen bound (TNb), etc.) is of particular importance since this pool is a prime conduit in the cycling of N and C. Studying the two elemental pools is of importance, as transformation and transport processes of N and C are inextricably linked in all biologically mediated systems. No system able to analyze natural abundance stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition in aqueous samples (without offline sample preparation) and simultaneously has been reported so far. Extension of the high‐temperature combustion (HTC) system, to be capable of measuring TNb stable nitrogen isotope composition, is described in this study.

Methods

To extend the TOC analyzer to be capable of measuring TNb, modifications from the HTC high‐performance liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HPLC/IRMS) interface were implemented and expanded. A reduction reactor for conversion of NOx into N2 was implemented into the new developed system. The extension addresses mainly the development of the focusing unit for nitrogen and a degassing device for online separation of TNb from molecular nitrogen (N2) prior to injection.

Results

The proof of principle of the system was demonstrated with different compound solutions. In this initial testing, the δ15NAIR‐N2 values of the tested compounds were determined with precision and trueness of typically ≤0.5‰. Good results (u ≤ 0.5‰) could be achieved down to a TNb concentration of 40 mgN/L and acceptable results (u ≤ 1.0‰) down to 5 mgN/L. In addition, the development resulted in the first system reported to be suitable for simultaneous and direct δ13C and δ15N BSIA of aqueous samples.

Conclusions

The development resulted in the first system shown to be suitable for both δ13C and δ15N direct BSIA in aqueous samples. This system could open up new possibilities in SIA‐based research fields. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's in a Smile?
Authors: McStay Andrew
Published: September 2016

Towards An Ethical Code of Conduct for Emotion Detection
DKSM‐DHT: privacy‐preserving dynamic key sharing model in distributed cloud computing environment
Authors: Muthurajan Vinothkumar , Narayanasamy Balaji
Published: September 2016

Data outsourcing over the cloud considers the storage space minimization as an important factor for the last decade. Various existing systems such as a single key for virtual machine (VM), third‐party auditing (TPA) schemes are discussed for the less storage assurance. But they suffer from the several limitations such as less security, complexity, and unaware of malicious behavior. To overcome the aforementioned issues, the dynamic key sharing model (DKSM) is proposed to preserve the privacy in the distributed cloud computing environment. A novel third‐party auditor (TPA) in DKSM model monitors the service provisioning scheme in the cloud. Initially, TPA checks their privileges and allows the users to acquire the set of available VMs address with the keys. Then, we create a hash‐based message authentication code for entire services prior to file splitting during the auditing process. The corresponding key after each encryption will be discarded. Henceforth, the creation of dynamic key assures the service integrity and encryption of each part. This model improves the security and privacy of the shared content in the cloud environment. On the basis of TPA verification, the user holds the encrypted key to access the file and store it in the distributed hash table. The experimental results exhibit better encryption time, decryption time, average auditing time, storage overhead, and computation overhead than the traditional method of single key‐based encryption for VM in terms of document size, the number of requests, and the number of servers. The proposed DKSM evaluated privacy performance against the number of users, and the maximum performance is achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A special case of reduced rank models for identification and modelling of time varying effects in survival analysis
Authors: Perperoglou Aris
Published: September 2016

Flexible survival models are in need when modelling data from long term follow‐up studies. In many cases, the assumption of proportionality imposed by a Cox model will not be valid. Instead, a model that can identify time varying effects of fixed covariates can be used. Although there are several approaches that deal with this problem, it is not always straightforward how to choose which covariates should be modelled having time varying effects and which not. At the same time, it is up to the researcher to define appropriate time functions that describe the dynamic pattern of the effects. In this work, we suggest a model that can deal with both fixed and time varying effects and uses simple hypotheses tests to distinguish which covariates do have dynamic effects. The model is an extension of the parsimonious reduced rank model of rank 1. As such, the number of parameters is kept low, and thus, a flexible set of time functions, such as b‐splines, can be used. The basic theory is illustrated along with an efficient fitting algorithm. The proposed method is applied to a dataset of breast cancer patients and compared with a multivariate fractional polynomials approach for modelling time‐varying effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutathione Activatable Photosensitizer‐Conjugated Pseudopolyrotaxane Nanocarriers for Photodynamic Theranostics
Authors: Tong Hongxin , Chen Yangjun , Li Zuhong , Li Huan , Chen Tingting , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian
Published: September 2016

Photodynamic theranostics has recently been extensively explored as a promising approach for precise localization and therapy. Herein, glutathione (GSH) activatable photosensitizer (PS)‐conjugated pseudopolyrotaxane nanocarriers (α‐CD‐ss‐Ce6 NPs) are reported for enhanced photodynamic theranostics by taking advantage of the noncovalent interactions between α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and poly(ethylene glycol). The designed α‐CD‐ss‐Ce6 NPs are nonactivated and stable during circulation but exhibited strong photodynamic theranostics through GSH activating after arriving at tumor site. More importantly, compared to free chlorin e6 (Ce6), such kind of pseudopolyrotaxane nanocarrier can dramatically enhance Ce6 accumulation in tumor and prolong its tumor retention time, demonstrating excellent therapeutic effects after light irradiation. Overall, the designed GSH activatable PS‐conjugated pseudopolyrotaxane nanocarrier possessing high‐performance photodynamic therapeutic efficacy together with reduced side effects offers a promising alternative for photodynamic theranostics.
Proving completeness of logic programs with the cut
Authors: Drabent Włodzimierz
Published: September 2016

Completeness of a logic program means that the program produces all the answers required by its specification. The cut is an important construct of programming language Prolog. It prunes part of the search space, this may result in a loss of completeness. This paper proposes a way of proving completeness of programs with the cut. The semantics of the cut is formalized by describing how SLD-trees are pruned. A sufficient condition for completeness is presented, proved sound, and illustrated by examples.
Uptake of citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles into atherosclerotic lesions in mice occurs via accelerated transcytosis through plaque endothelial cells
Authors: Poller Wolfram C. , Ramberger Evelyn , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Mueller Susanne , Möller Konstantin , Löwa Norbert , Wiekhorst Frank , Wagner Susanne , Taupitz Matthias , Schellenberger Eyk , Baumann Gert , Stangl Karl , Stangl Verena , Ludwig Antje
Published: September 2016

Very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOPs) rapidly accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby enabling plaque visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was performed to identify the uptake mechanisms of VSOPs into atherosclerotic plaques. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−) mice with advanced atherosclerosis were analyzed using MRI and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at various time points after intravenous administration of VSOPs. Post-mortem MRI detected VSOP labeling of atherosclerotic plaques 10 min after injection, and the signal increased over the first 3 h. TEM revealed that the intensive plaque labeling was mediated by accelerated transcytosis of VSOPs through endothelial cells overlaying atherosclerotic lesions. Experiments with endocytosis inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) revealed a dynamin-dependent mechanism involving both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated processes. In cell culture experiments, endothelial VSOP uptake was enhanced under proatherogenic flow and TNFα stimulation, conditions that are both present in plaque areas. Our study demonstrates that VSOPs enable non-invasive MRI assessment of accelerated endothelial transcytosis, an important pathomechanism in atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Explaining the Effect of Parent-Child Coresidence on Marriage Formation: The Case of Japan
Authors: Yu Wei-hsin , Kuo Janet Chen-Lan
Published: September 2016

Many single adult children in countries around the world live with their parents. Such coresidence has been thought to delay the transition to first marriage, although the exact reasons for the delay have not been sufficiently examined. Using panel data from Japan, we investigate whether changes in never-married adults’ residential status lead to alterations in their marital aspirations, courtship behaviors, romantic opportunities, and perceived obstacles to marrying. Our estimation of fixed-effects models helps address potential bias caused by single individuals’ selection into living in the parental home. The analysis indicates that living with parents is associated with a lower probability of forming romantic relationships, thereby decelerating the transition to first marriage. The never-married, however, do not desire marriage less, put less effort into finding romantic partners, or have fewer opportunities to meet potential partners when coresiding with parents. Overall, the findings suggest that living in the parental home increases never-married men’s contentment with their immediate social environment, whereas it decreases women’s psychological readiness to transition into adult roles, making both men and women less eager to settle into a romantic relationship.
Changes in the Transnational Family Structures of Mexican Farm Workers in the Era of Border Militarization
Authors: Hamilton Erin R. , Hale Jo Mhairi
Published: September 2016

Historically, undocumented Mexican farm workers migrated circularly, leaving family behind in Mexico on short trips to the United States. Scholars have argued that border militarization has disrupted circular migration as the costs of crossing the border lead to longer stays, increased settlement, and changing transnational family practices. Yet, no study has explored changes in the transnational family structures of Mexico-U.S. migrants that span the era of border militarization. Using data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey, we document a dramatic shift away from transnational family life (as measured by location of residence of dependent children) among undocumented Mexican farm workers and a less dramatic shift among documented Mexican farm workers in the United States between 1993 and 2012. These trends are not explained by changes in the sociodemographic characteristics of farm workers or by changing demographic conditions or rising violence in Mexico. One-half of the trend can be accounted for by lengthened duration of stay and increased connections to the United States among the undocumented, but none of the trend is explained by these measures of settlement among the documented, suggesting that some Mexican farm workers adopt new family migration strategies at first migration. Increases in border control are associated with lower likelihood that children reside in Mexico—a finding that holds up to instrumental variable techniques. Our findings confirm the argument that U.S. border militarization—a policy designed to deter undocumented migration—is instead disrupting transnational family life between Mexico and the United States and, in doing so, is creating a permanent population of undocumented migrants and their children in the United States.
Sex and intrauterine growth restriction modify brain neurotransmitters profile of newborn piglets
Authors: Vázquez‐Gómez M. , Valent D. , García‐Contreras C. , Arroyo L. , Óvilo C. , Isabel B. , Bassols A. , González‐Bulnes A.
Published: September 2016

The current study aimed to determine, using a swine model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), whether short‐ and long‐term neurological deficiencies and interactive dysfunctions of Low Birth‐Weight (LBW) offspring might be related to altered pattern of neurotransmitters. Hence, we compared the quantities of different neurotransmitters (catecholamines and indoleamines), which were determined by HPLC, at brain structures related to the limbic system (hippocampus and amygdala) in 14 LBW and 10 Normal Body‐Weight (NBW) newborn piglets. The results showed, firstly, significant effects of sex on the NBW newborns, with females having higher dopamine (DA) concentrations than males. The IUGR processes affected DA metabolism, with LBW piglets having lower concentrations of noradrenaline at the hippocampus and higher concentrations of the DA metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), at both the hippocampus and the amygdala than NBW neonates. The effects of IUGR were modulated by sex; there were no significant differences between LBW and NBW females, but LBW males had higher HVA concentration at the amygdala and higher concentration of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the serotonin metabolite, at the hippocampus than NBW males. In conclusion, the present study shows that IUGR is mainly related to changes, modulated by sex, in the concentrations of catecholamine neurotransmitters, which are related to adaptation to physical activity and to essential cognitive functions such as learning, memory, reward‐motivated behavior and stress.
Congenital aneurysm of the right atrial appendage
Authors: Faqeeh Samah , Alsaadi Ali , Aselan Adnan , Almuzaini Ibrahim , Algamdi Saeed
Published: September 2016

Congenital aneurysm of the right atrial appendage is a rare cardiac anomaly with only a few reported cases in the literature. Most of the cases involved adults in their third decade of life. We report a case of congenital aneurysm of the right atrial appendage in a newborn, who initially presented with jaundice and incidentally discovered systolic murmur. The diagnosis was established by enhanced CT scan of the chest and echocardiography that also showed atrial septal defect (ASD) and multiple ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Because of its rare occurrence, diagnosis is difficult and the symptoms may be confused with other causes of right atrial dilation such as Ebstein's anomaly.
Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: de Souza e Benevides Igor Borba , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos
Published: September 2016

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as a bleeding originated from a source distal to the Treitz ligament and the colonoscopy is well established as the diagnostic procedure of choice.

Objective To evaluate the results of colonoscopies performed to diagnose the cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a general hospital at Mato Grosso do Sul.

Material and methods Colonoscopy procedures performed in the Endoscopy service of the Hospital Regional de Mato Grosso do Sul in those patients admitted due to an acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from January 2014 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The studied variables were age, gender, diagnosis and localization of the lesion.

Results The mean age was 66 years, and there was a little predominance of the male gender. Diverticular disease was the main cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in this study, followed by cancer, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, polyps, and angiodysplasia.

Conclusion The colonoscopy showed to be an effective diagnostic method in the case of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding and a good therapeutic tool in the case of diverticular disease and angiodysplasia.
Social management capabilities of multinational buying firms and their emerging market suppliers: An exploratory study of the clothing industry
Authors: Huq Fahian Anisul , Chowdhury Ilma Nur , Klassen Robert D.
Published: September 2016

For sustainability, research in operations and supply chain management historically emphasized the development of environmental rather than social capabilities. However, factory disasters in Bangladesh, an emerging market and the second largest clothing exporter in the world, revealed enormous challenges in the implementation of social sustainability in complex global supply chains. Against the backdrop of a building collapse in Bangladesh's clothing industry, this research uses multiple case studies from two time periods to explore the skills, practices, relationships and processes – collectively termed “social management capabilities” (SMCs) – that help buyers and suppliers respond to stakeholder pressures; address regulatory gaps; and improve social performance. The study not only captures the perspectives of both multinational buyers and their emerging market suppliers, but also provides supplementary evidence from other key stakeholders, such as NGOs and unions. Our findings show that, in the absence of intense stakeholder pressure, buyers can lay the foundation for improved social performance by using their own auditors and collaborating with suppliers rather than using third‐party auditors. However, in the face of acute attention from customers, NGOs and media, we observed that consultative buyer‐consortium audits emerged, and shared third‐party audits offered other advantages such as increased transparency and improvements in worker education and training. Finally, we present research propositions derived from our empirical study to guide future research on implementing social sustainability in emerging markets.
Well-Being: Reality's Role
Authors: FORCEHIMES ANDREW T. , SEMRAU LUKE
Published: September 2016

A familiar objection to mental state theories of well-being proceeds as follows: Describe a good life. Contrast it with one identical in mental respects, but lacking a connection to reality. Then observe that mental state theories of well-being implausibly hold both lives in equal esteem. Conclude that such views are false. Here we argue this objection fails. There are two ways reality may be thought to matter for well-being. We want to contribute to reality, and we want our experience of the world to be veridical. Yet, if one accepts that reality matters in either of these ways, one must posit differences in well-being where no such differences exist.
The Impact of Transferring Stroke Patients: An Analysis of National Administrative Data
Authors: Zerna Charlotte , Kamal Noreen , Lindsay M. Patrice , Fang Jiming , Hill Michael D.
Published: September 2016

Background: Interhospital transfer is an important but resource-intensive pattern of care. The use for stroke patients is highly dependent upon health system structure. We examined the impact of hospital transfers for stroke care in Canada. Methods: We analyzed hospital administrative data within the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Database for the 3 fiscal years 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14. Patients with clinical stroke syndrome (ischemic or hemorrhagic) were identified using International Classification of Diseases. Stroke centers were defined by Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada stroke report. Results: During the 3-year period,397 patients in Canada (excluding Quebec) were admitted to hospital for clinical stroke syndrome. Median age was 75 (interquartile range [IQR] 64–84) years; 50.6 % were male. Less than 5% (n=4030) of patients were transferred. Patients transferred to stroke centers were younger (p<0.001) and had shorter median length of stay (p<0.001). The highest probability of discharge home was associated with sole care at stroke center (43.8%). Transfer to stroke center from community hospital had the highest probability for discharge to rehabilitation facility (25%) and lowest to either long-term (2.1%) or complex community care (2.0%). Transferred patients had lower mortality at discharge. Conclusion: Younger patients were transferred more frequently to stroke centers; older patients were more likely treated in community hospitals. Sole stroke center care was associated with high discharge rate to home; transfer to a stroke center was associated with high discharge rate to rehabilitation and lower mortality rates.
Analysis of the Three-Tiered Treatment Model for Emergency Medical Rescue Services After the Lushan Earthquake
Authors: Liu ZiQuan , Yang Zhen , Lv Qi , Ding Hui , Suo XinJun , Gao HongWei , Xin LiMin , Dong WenLong , Wu RuiChang , Fan HaoJun , Hou ShiKe
Published: September 2016

Objective

To explore the 3-tiered treatment model for medical treatment after an earthquake.

Methods

Based on the practices of the national emergency medical rescue services in the Lushan earthquake zone, the 3-tiered treatment classification approach was retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Medical rescue teams assembled and reported quickly to the disaster areas after the earthquake. The number of injured people had reached 25,176 as of April 30; of these, 18,611 people were treated as outpatients, 6565 were hospitalized, and 977 were seriously or severely injured.

Conclusions

The 3-tiered treatment model was the main approach used by rescue services after the Lushan earthquake. Primary and secondary treatments were of the highest importance and formed the basis of the Lushan model of earthquake rescue and treatment. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 301–304)
Continuous Development of a Major Incident In-Hospital Victim Tracking and Tracing System, Withstanding the Challenges of Time
Authors: Haverkort J.J. Mark , Bouman Jos H. , Wind Jelte D.D. , Leenen Luke P.H.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To describe the development of the Patient Barcode Registration System (PBRS) over time and confirm the usability and feasibility of the system’s latest version during a large trauma drill.

Methods

The development of a PBRS started around 1993 aiming to provide an effective tool for patient registration, tracking, and tracing during major incidents. The PBRS uses wristbands with barcodes to follow and register patients in the care process. During a large trauma drill, 120 patients and 40 relatives were registered and traced in the system. Errors in registration, tracking, and tracing of persons were registered.

Results

Of the 120 patients, no patient data were lost and patients could be traced in real time throughout the treatment process by the command team. Strategic decisions could be made based on the information provided by the system. Patient relatives were easily matched and government agencies received regular updates on the number and characteristics of the patients.

Conclusion

The PBRS is a usable, feasible, and sustainable patient tracking and tracing tool to be used during the hospital response to major incidents. Lessons learned during the last 20 years include the need for continuous updates to withstand the challenge of time. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:244–250)
Resonant sloshing in an upright annular tank
Authors: Faltinsen Odd M. , Lukovsky Ivan A. , Timokha Alexander N.
Published: September 2016

Resonant sloshing in an upright annular tank is studied by using a new nonlinear modal theory, which is complete within the framework of the Narimanov–Moiseev asymptotics. The applicability is justified for a fairly deep liquid (the liquid-depth-to-outer-tank-radius ratio $1.5\lesssim h=\bar{h}/\bar{r}_{2}$) and away from the non-dimensional inner radii $r_{1}=\bar{r}_{1}/\bar{r}_{2}=0.08546$, 0.17618, 0.27826, 0.31323, 0.31855, 0.43444, 0.46015, 0.48434, 0.68655, 0.70118. The theory is used to describe steady-state (stable and unstable) resonant waves due to a harmonic excitation with the forcing frequency close to the lowest natural sloshing frequency. We show that the surge-sway-pitch-roll excitation is always of either longitudinal or elliptic type. Existing experimental results on the horizontally excited steady-state wave regimes in an upright circular tank ($r_{1}=0$) are utilised for validation. Inserting an inner pole with the radii $r_{1}\approx 0.25$ and 0.35 ($1.5\lesssim h$) causes that no stable swirling and/or irregular waves exist. The response curves for an elliptic-type excitation are examined versus the minor-axis forcing-amplitude component. Stable swirling is then expected being co- and counter-directed to the angular forcing direction. Passage to the rotary (circular) excitation keeps the co-directed swirling stable for all resonant forcing frequencies but the stable counter-directed swirling disappears.
Buoyancy-induced, columnar vortices
Authors: Simpson Mark W. , Glezer Ari
Published: September 2016

A buoyancy-induced, columnar vortex is deliberately triggered in the unstably stratified air layer over a heated ground plane and is anchored within, and scales with, an azimuthal array of vertical, stator-like planar flow vanes that form an open-top enclosure and impart tangential momentum to the radially entrained air flow. The columnar vortex comprises three coupled primary flow domains: a spiraling surface momentum boundary layer of ground-heated air, an inner thermally driven vertical vortex core and an outer annular flow that is bounded by a helical shear layer and the vanes along its inner and outer edges, respectively, and by the spiraling boundary layer from below. In common with free buoyant columnar (dust devil) vortices that occur spontaneously over solar-heated terrain in the natural environment, the stationary anchored vortex is self-sustained by the conversion of the potential energy of the entrained surface-heated air layer to the kinetic energy of the induced vortical flow that persists as long as the thermal stratification is maintained. This conversion occurs as radial vorticity produced within the surface boundary layer is tilted vertically near the vortex centreline by the buoyant air to form the core of the columnar vortex. The structure and dynamics of the buoyant vortex are investigated using high-resolution stereo particle image velocimetry with specific emphasis on the evolution of the vorticity distributions and their effects on the characteristic scales of the ensuing vortex and on the kinetic energy of the induced flow.
On the lifetime of a pancake anticyclone in a rotating stratified flow
Authors: Facchini Giulio , Le Bars Michael
Published: September 2016

We present an experimental study of the time evolution of an isolated anticyclonic pancake vortex in a laboratory rotating stratified flow. Motivations come from the variety of compact anticyclones observed to form and persist for a strikingly long lifetime in geophysical and astrophysical settings combining rotation and stratification. We generate anticyclones by injecting a small amount of isodense fluid at the centre of a rotating tank filled with salty water linearly stratified in density. The velocity field is measured by particle image velocimetry in the vortex equatorial plane. Our two control parameters are the Coriolis parameter $f$ and the Brunt–Väisälä frequency $N$. We observe that anticyclones always slowly decay by viscous diffusion, spreading mainly in the horizontal direction irrespective of the initial aspect ratio. This behaviour is correctly explained by a linear analytical model in the limit of small Rossby and Ekman numbers, where density and velocity equations reduce to a single equation for the pressure. In particular for $N/f=1$, this equation ultimately simplifies to a radial diffusion equation, which admits an analytical self-similar solution. Direct numerical simulations further confirm the theoretical predictions that are not accessible to laboratory measurements. Notably, they show that the azimuthal shear stress generates secondary circulations, which advect the density anomaly: this mechanism is responsible for the slow time evolution, rather than the classical viscous dissipation of the azimuthal kinetic energy. The importance of density diffusivity is also analysed, showing that the product of the Schmidt and Burger numbers – rather than the bare Schmidt number – quantifies the importance of salt diffusion. Finally, a brief application to oceanic Meddies is considered.
Limit Dependences in Stability Calculations With Account for Physical Nonlinearity
Authors: Rutman J. , Ulitin V.
Published: September 2016

Stability of bars, plates, shells, and other thin-walled structures in conditions of small physical nonlinearity is considered, when stresses exceed the proportionality limit, the amount of deformations being limited. Shanley's concept is used. The critical state is determined by means of some limit dependences. In a large number of cases, when creating efficient highly-stressed constructions, limited plastic deformations are allowed in them. When analysing stability in the critical state, the calculated stresses turn out to exceed the proportionality limit and the Young's modulus of elasticity turns out to be greater than the tangent modulus corresponding to the calculated stress on the diagram “deformation-stress”. The objective of this work is to show that stability calculation beyond the proportionality limit is reduced to the analysis of some limit dependences as well as to develop a general solution algorithm for similar problems.
Foreword
Authors: Verhoef E.V. , Neeft E.A.C.
Published: September 2016

Radioactive substances and ionising radiation are used in medicine, industry, agriculture, research, education and electricity production. This generates radioactive waste. In the Netherlands, this waste is collected, treated and stored by COVRA (Centrale Organisatie Voor Radioactief Afval). After interim storage for a period of at least 100 years, radioactive waste is intended for disposal. There is a world-wide scientific and technical consensus that geological disposal represents the safest and most sustainable end point for the management of radioactive waste (e.g. Council Directive, 2011).
Editorial
Authors: Griffioen Jasper , Wildenborg Ton
Published: September 2016

This special issue of the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences is dedicated to geoscientific research related to geological disposal of nuclear waste. Geological disposal of nuclear waste is generally accepted as the optimum solution to the problem, though it has always been politically a hot potato. It was the Secretary of Energy in the first Obama Administration who halted the Yucca Mountain national programme on nuclear waste disposal within six weeks of his appointment, without citing technical or safety issues or presenting alternatives (Alley & Alley, 2013). This contrasts sharply with the Finnish situation where the government granted a construction licence for a final disposal facility on 12 November 2015. Sweden is expected to follow soon.
Darriwilian shallow-marine deposits from the Sultanate of Oman, a poorly known portion of the Arabian margin of Gondwana
Authors: HEWARD A. P. , BOOTH G. A. , FORTEY R. A. , MILLER C. G. , SANSOM I. J.
Published: September 2016

The Amdeh Formation is a 3.4 km stack of sparsely fossiliferous quartzites and shales which crops out in the Al Hajar mountains near Muscat. Here we describe the uppermost member (Am5) that can be dated biostratigraphically as Darriwilian and which is the outcrop equivalent, and probably the seaward continuation, of the Saih Nihayda Formation in the Ghaba Salt Basin of northern Oman. The outcrops at Wadi Daiqa and Hayl al Quwasim consist of 690 m of quartzitic sandstones, shales and bivalve-rich shell beds. Trace fossils referable to theCruzianaandSkolithosichnofacies abound. The member comprises storm-dominated shelf, shoreface and delta deposits. A number of new discoveries have been made in the outcrops: fragments of the arandaspid fishSacabambaspis, ossicles and moulds of the early disparid crinoidIocrinus, two new genera of conodont, an occurrence of the rare trinucleid trilobiteYinpanolithus, and palynological and sedimentological evidence of more continuous Floian–Darriwilian deposition than is usual in the region. Sea levels during Middle Ordovician time are estimated to have been 50–200 m above present levels and a wide, low-gradient shelf covered much of Arabia. Similar trace fossils and storm-dominated, micro-tidal, sedimentary rocks occur throughout the region. Small changes of sea level, possibly caused by the growth and melting of polar ice sheets, could lead to substantial seaward or landward shifts of facies belts. The Am5 deposits are thick compared to most equivalents in Arabia implying active subsidence and a ready supply of sediment.
Comparative study of feeding behaviour of fiveMugilidaespecies juveniles from two estuarine systems in the North Aegean Sea
Authors: Salvarina Ioanna , Koutrakis Emmanuil , Leonardos Ioannis
Published: September 2016

Food is an important factor for the survival of juvenile fish. Knowledge of the diet of co-existing species helps clarify their relationships with each other. A number of Mugilidae species are known to co-exist in estuarine systems, raising the question of whether they compete for food resources. The feeding behaviours of five juvenile Mugilidae species were studied in the estuaries of Strymonikos (North Aegean Sea) using stomach content analysis. It was found that the speciesChelon labrosus, Liza saliensandMugil cephaluspresented high feeding activity during summer and autumn andL. ramadaandL. aurataduring winter and spring. The diet overlap between the species was generally moderate to low and the pairL. saliens–M. cephalusexhibited the highest overlap in Richios estuarine system. The species do not appear to compete for common resources, probably because there is not always a spatiotemporal overlap, enough food is available or they exploit different resources. Four out of the five species exhibited similar patterns of feeding strategies with varying levels of specialization at an individual level and a rather generalized pattern at the population level. This more generalized feeding strategy may permit them to co-exist. OnlyM. cephalusshowed a more specialized feeding behaviour, with a strong preference for microalgae. The absence of a general pattern for the trophic levels according to seasons, sizes or locations, also imply the opportunistic character of the species. Both season and fish size influenced the variation in the diet composition.
Recruitment and zonation in a sub-Antarctic rocky intertidal community
Authors: Curelovich Jessica Natalia , Lovrich Gustavo Alejandro , Cueto Gerardo Rubén , Calcagno Javier Angel
Published: September 2016

This study presents for the first time the factors governing the recruitment in a rocky intertidal community of the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego (54°51′S 68°29′W), Argentina. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of grazers and predators, free substrate availability and crustose coralline algae on the recruitment of the main sessile components of the intertidal:Notochthamalus scabrosus, Notobalanus flosculus, Mytilus chilensis, Perumytilus purpuratusandAulacomya atraat three intertidal levels. For barnacles, the probability of recruitment was higher with grazers, while the contrary was observed for bivalves. The number ofN. flosculusrecruits was higher with increased substrate availability, whileN. scabrosusrecruited more with reduced free substrate in the first sampling. Mussel recruitment was higher with reduced free substrate. The highest probability of recruitment ofN. scabrosuswas observed at the upper level. Notably, this probability and the recruits per plot were higher at the mid level under uncaged-ORP treatment than expected for the mid level. The probability of bivalve andN. flosculusrecruitment was higher at upper and lower levels, respectively. At the lower level, barnacle recruitment was higher on bare rock than on crustose coralline algae. Our results suggest that grazers increase the probability of barnacle recruitment, while the presence of sessile organisms enhances the density of mussel recruits. Almost no recruitment of bivalves was observed in ORPs over one year, showing that the secondary succession is slow in this environment.
Sir Clements Robert Markham (1830–1916)
Authors: Savours Ann
Published: September 2016

Sir Clements Markham, of honourable memory, died in London, one hundred years ago on 29 January 2016. Not long before, towards the end of a very full life, he had been walking his godson, little Peter Scott, in the garden.
In-group marker going out: Meaning-making in a community of practice
Authors: Strycharz-Banaś Anna
Published: September 2016

This study examines the linguistic aspects of the formation of a community of practice (CofP) and analyses one aspect of the common repertoire that is being actively developed within the community. On the one hand, it looks at the community itself, placing emphasis on the exact practices, beliefs, and resources that can identify a group brought together at times against their will, as a CofP. On the other, this research takes under scrutiny one specific linguistic variable (Japanese negation) to show how involvement in a CofP can bring about rapid and unexpected changes in the meaning and use of a linguistic variant. (Community of practice, indexical meaning, Japanese, negation)*
Development of a four-channel haptic system for remote assessment of patients with impaired hands
Authors: Daud Omar , Oboe Roberto , Oscari Fabio , Masiero Stefano , Rosati Giulio
Published: September 2016

Haptic devices have proven effective in stimulating proprioceptive sensing in post-stroke patients. In this work, pre-existing devices were used together in a remote environment for the teleassessment of impaired hands. A four-channel bilateral control system in the presence of large and variable time delay is proposed as a proof of concept. Time delay is managed with a novel communication disturbance observer (CDOB). The system also employed a scaling down compensation value (SDCV) for the CDOB. The proposed control system was tested successfully in bilateral haptic interaction, simulating a remote motor and functional evaluation of patients' hands, guaranteeing safe and stable interaction, even in the presence of large network delays.
SOME SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR RELATIVE AGING OF LIFE DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Misra Neeraj , Francis Jisha , Naqvi Sameen
Published: September 2016

In reliability theory, Cox's proportional hazard model is quite popular and widely used. In many situations, it is observed that failure rates under consideration are not proportional, rather they cross each other. In such situations, an alternative to Cox's proportional hazard model may be monotone hazard ratio model (provided the ratio exists). A notion of relative aging based on increasing hazard ratio was introduced by Kalashnikov and Rachev [19]. Sengupta and Deshpande [40] further explored this model and posited two other notions of relative aging based on increasing reversed failure rate ratio and increasing mean residual life ratio. In this study, for two life distributions, we derive sufficient conditions under which a life distribution ages faster than the other with respect to notions of relative aging described above. These sufficient conditions are easy to verify and can be used in practical applications where one is interested in studying relative aging of two life distributions. Applications of these results to relative aging of weighted distributions have also been illustrated. We also introduce a new relative aging ordering in terms of mean inactivity time order and study its fundamental properties.
A QUEUEING MODEL WITH RANDOMIZED DEPLETION OF INVENTORY
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Boxma Onno , Essifi Rim , Kuijstermans Richard
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study an M/M/1 queue, where the server continues to work during idle periods and builds up inventory. This inventory is used for new arriving service requirements, but it is completely emptied at random epochs of a non-homogeneous Poisson process, whose rate depends on the current level of the acquired inventory. For several shapes of depletion rates, we derive differential equations for the stationary density of the workload and the inventory level and solve them explicitly. Finally, numerical illustrations are given for some particular examples, and the effects of this depletion mechanism are discussed.
A Fresh Look at Teaching International Law–A Few Pedagogical Considerations in the Age of Communications
Authors: GAZZINI TARCISIO
Published: September 2016

This editorial takes a practical approach. It aims to stimulate reflections on the way we teach international law today, on how new technologies could enhance the pedagogical experience, on the upgrading of the role and participation of students, and on a better connection with the ‘real world’. It focuses on ‘how’ rather than on ‘what’ or ‘for what purpose’ we teach international law. With this aim in mind, it serves a few ideas seasoned with suggestions and examples.
Self-tuning proportional integral control for consensus in heterogeneous multi-agent systems
Authors: BURBANO L. D. A. , DeLELLIS P. , diBERNARDO M.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we present a distributed Proportional-Integral (PI) strategy with self-tuning adaptive gains for reaching asymptotic consensus in networks of non-identical linear agents under constant disturbances. Alternative adaptive strategies are presented, based on global or local measures of the agents' disagreement. The proposed approaches are validated on a representative numerical example. Preliminary analytical results further confirm the viability of the self-tuning strategies.