bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal differentiation influences progenitor arrangement in the vertebrate neuroepithelium
Authors: Guerrero Pilar , Perez-Carrasco Ruben , Zagorski Marcin , Page David , Kicheva Anna , Briscoe James , Page Karen M.
Published: November 2019

Cell division, movement and differentiation contribute to pattern formation in developing tissues. This is the case in the vertebrate neural tube, in which neurons differentiate in a characteristic pattern from a highly dynamic proliferating pseudostratified epithelium. To investigate how progenitor proliferation and differentiation affect cell arrangement and growth of the neural tube, we used experimental measurements to develop a mechanical model of the apical surface of the neuroepithelium that incorporates the effect of interkinetic nuclear movement and spatially varying rates of neuronal differentiation. Simulations predict that tissue growth and the shape of lineage-related clones of cells differ with the rate of differentiation. Growth is isotropic in regions of high differentiation, but dorsoventrally biased in regions of low differentiation. This is consistent with experimental observations. The absence of directional signalling in the simulations indicates that global mechanical constraints are sufficient to explain the observed differences in anisotropy. This provides insight into how the tissue growth rate affects cell dynamics and growth anisotropy and opens up possibilities to study the coupling between mechanics, pattern formation and growth in the neural tube.
Mixing it up: the biological significance of hybrid skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Medler Scott
Published: November 2019

Skeletal muscle fibers are classified according to the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and other myofibrillar proteins expressed within these cells. In addition to ‘pure’ fibers expressing single MHC isoforms, many fibers are ‘hybrids’ that co-express two or more different isoforms of MHC or other myofibrillar proteins. Although hybrid fibers have been recognized by muscle biologists for more than three decades, uncertainty persists about their prevalence in normal muscles, their role in fiber-type transitions, and what they might tell us about fiber-type regulation at the cellular and molecular levels. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the relative abundance of hybrid fibers in a variety of muscles from different species. Data from more than 150 muscles from 39 species demonstrate that hybrid fibers are common, frequently representing 25% or more of the fibers in normal muscles. Hybrid fibers appear to have two main roles: (1) they function as intermediates during the fiber-type transitions associated with skeletal muscle development, adaptation to exercise and aging; and (2) they provide a functional continuum of fiber phenotypes, as they possess physiological properties that are intermediate to those of pure fiber types. One aspect of hybrid fibers that is not widely recognized is that fiber-type asymmetries – such as dramatic differences in the MHC composition along the length of single fibers – appear to be a common aspect of many fibers. The final section of this Review examines the possible role of differential activities of nuclei in different myonuclear domains in establishing fiber-type asymmetries.
Beam commissioning of the first compact proton therapy system with spot scanning and dynamic field collimation
Authors: Vilches-Freixas Gloria , Unipan Mirko , Rinaldi Ilaria , Martens Jonathan , Roijen Erik , Almeida Isabel P. , Decabooter Esther , Bosmans Geert
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

To describe the measurements and to present the results of the beam commissioning and the beam model validation of a compact, gantry-mounted, spot scanning proton accelerator system with dynamic layer-by-layer field collimation.

Methods:

We performed measurements of depth dose distributions in water, spot and scanned field size in air at different positions from the isocenter plane, spot position over the 20 × 20 cm2 scanned area, beam monitor calibration in terms of absorbed dose to water and specific field collimation measurements at different gantry angles to commission the system. To validate the beam model in the treatment planning system (TPS), we measured spot profiles in water at different depths, absolute dose in water of single energy layers of different field sizes and inversely optimised spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP) under normal and oblique beam incidence, field size and penumbra in water of SOBPs, and patient treatment specific quality assurance in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms.

Results:

Energy range, spot size, spot position and dose output were consistent at all gantry angles with 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm and 0.5% maximum deviations, respectively. Uncollimated spot size (one sigma) in air with an air-gap of 10 cm ranged from 4.1 to 16.4 mm covering a range from 32.2 to 1.9 cm in water, respectively. Absolute dose measurements were within 3% when comparing TPS and experimental data. Gamma pass rates >98% and >96% at 3%/3 mm were obtained when performing 2D dose measurements in homogeneous and in heterogeneous media, respectively. Leaf position was within ±1 mm at all gantry angles and nozzle positions.

Conclusions:

Beam characterisation and machine commissioning results, and the exhaustive end-to-end tests performed to assess the proper functionality of the system, confirm that it is safe and accurate to treat patients.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first paper addressing the beam commissioning and the beam validation of a compact, gantry-mounted, pencil beam scanning proton accelerator system with dynamic layer-by-layer multileaf collimation.
Retained Fetal Bones: Rare cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Hameed Farah , Shuja Samia
Published: November 2019

Intrauterine retention of fetal bones is a rare complication of unsafe abortion. Patients may present with infertility, chronic pelvic pain, menorrhagia and vaginal discharge. Here, we discuss a management of young female patient with uterine bleeding after miscarriage. Other causes of abnormal uterine bleeding such as infection, polyp, fibroid, malignancy were excluded. Retained intrauterine fetal bones were found as a sole cause of her complaint. Diagnosis was made with pelvic ultrasound and pelvic radiography. Dilatation and curettage was performed to remove the fetal bones with a good subsequent outcome.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1719

How to cite this:Hameed F, Shuja S. Retained Fetal Bones: Rare cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S91-S93. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1719

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
High proportion of overt diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and missed opportunity for early detection of diabetes at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan
Authors: Wali Aisha Syed , Rafique Raheela , Iftikhar Sundus , Ambreen Rakhshinda , Yakoob Mohammad Yawar
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To determine the frequency of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), namely pre-gestational, gestational (GDM) and overt diabetes mellitus (DM) in women registered for delivery.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of antenatal women registered between January 01 to August 31, 2017 was performed. Gestational age, diagnosis of DIP, glucose levels at diagnosis and other relevant data was extracted. The effect of various fasting blood glucose (FBG) thresholds for diagnosis of DIP was assessed.

Results: DIP was diagnosed in 21.8% women (pre-gestational: 2%, GDM: 81.2%, overt DM: 16.8%). In early registrants, 30.2% were detected through screening. However, 55.3% of women registered late. Women with pre-gestational DM were older, had more miscarriages, and greater personal and family history of diabetes versus GDM and overt DM. Raising the diagnostic threshold of FBG from 92 mg/dl to 95 mg/dl missed three women (0.1%) and to 105 mg/dl, missed six women (0.2%).

Conclusion: We observed a high proportion of overt DM. In early registrants, almost one third of DIP was diagnosed in the first half of pregnancy, an opportunity missed in late registrants. Altering diagnostic thresholds of DIP affected only a small proportion of women.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1723

How to cite this:Wali AS, Rafique R, Iftikhar S, Ambreen R, Yakoob MY. High proportion of overt diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and missed opportunity for early detection of diabetes at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S38-S43. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1723

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Protocol for the Effectiveness of an Anesthesiology Control Tower System in Improving Perioperative Quality Metrics and Clinical Outcomes: the TECTONICS randomized, pragmatic trial
Authors: King Christopher R. , Abraham Joanna , Kannampallil Thomas G. , Fritz Bradley A. , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Chen Yixin , Henrichs Bernadette , Politi Mary , Torres Brian A. , Mickle Angela , Budelier Thaddeus P. , McKinnon Sherry , Gregory Stephen , Kheterpal Sachin , Wildes Troy , Avidan Michael S. ,   TECTONICS Research Group
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Perioperative morbidity is a public health priority, and surgical volume is increasing rapidly. With advances in technology, there is an opportunity to research the utility of a telemedicine-based control center for anesthesia clinicians that assess risk, diagnoses negative patient trajectories, and implements evidence-based practices.

Objectives: The primary objective of this trial is to determine whether an anesthesiology control tower (ACT) prevents clinically relevant adverse postoperative outcomes including 30-day mortality, delirium, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury. Secondary objectives are to determine whether the ACT improves perioperative quality of care metrics including management of temperature, mean arterial pressure, mean airway pressure with mechanical ventilation, blood glucose, anesthetic concentration, antibiotic redosing, and efficient fresh gas flow.

Methods and analysis: We are conducting a single center, randomized, controlled, phase 3 pragmatic clinical trial. A total of 58 operating rooms are randomized daily to receive support from the ACT or not. All adults (eighteen years and older) undergoing surgical procedures in these operating rooms are included and followed until 30 days after their surgery. Clinicians in operating rooms randomized to ACT support receive decision support from clinicians in the ACT. In operating rooms randomized to no intervention, the current standard of anesthesia care is delivered. The intention-to-treat principle will be followed for all analyses. Differences between groups will be presented with 99% confidence intervals; p-values <0.005 will be reported as providing compelling evidence, and p-values between 0.05 and 0.005 will be reported as providing suggestive evidence.

Registration: TECTONICS is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03923699; registered on 23 April 2019.
Evolution of late steps in exocytosis: conservation and specialization of the exocyst complex
Authors: Boehm Cordula , Field Mark C.
Published: November 2019

Background:The eukaryotic endomembrane system most likely aroseviaparalogous expansions of genes encoding proteins that specify organelle identity, coat complexes and govern fusion specificity. While the majority of these gene families were established by the time of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), subsequent evolutionary events has moulded these systems, likely reflecting adaptations retained for increased fitness. As well as sequence evolution, these adaptations include loss of otherwise canonical components, the emergence of lineage-specific proteins and paralog expansion. The exocyst complex is involved in late exocytosis and additional trafficking pathways and a member of the complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods (CATCHR) tethering complex family. CATCHR includes the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS)/class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complexes and several others. The exocyst is integrated into a complex GTPase signalling network in animals, fungi and other lineages. Prompted by discovery of Exo99, a non-canonical subunit in the excavate protistTrypanosoma brucei,and availability of significantly increased genome sequence data, we re-examined evolution of the exocyst.

Methods:We examined the evolution of exocyst components by comparative genomics, phylogenetics and structure prediction.

Results:The exocyst composition is highly conserved, but with substantial losses of subunits in the Apicomplexa and expansions in Streptophyta plants, Metazoa and land plants, where for the latter, massive paralog expansion of Exo70 represents an extreme and unique example. Significantly, few taxa retain a partial complex, suggesting that, in general, all subunits are probably required for functionality. Further, the ninth exocyst subunit, Exo99, is specific to the Euglenozoa with a distinct architecture compared to the other subunits and which possibly represents a coat system.

Conclusions:These data reveal a remarkable degree of evolutionary flexibility within the exocyst complex, suggesting significant diversity in exocytosis mechanisms.
A questão da técnica no pensamento de Heidegger
Authors: Shimabukuro Felipe
Published: November 2019

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma leitura sobre a questão da técnica no pensamento de Heidegger. A hipótese que anima tal leitura é a seguinte: a técnica moderna é a metafísica do capitalismo, o que significa que o capitalismo não é unicamente um modo de produção da vida material, mas também uma metafísica. Para tornar o sentido dessa hipótese inteligível, será necessário explicar, num primeiro momento, a relação entre a questão da técnica e as noções de história do ser e de metafísica como onto-teologia, para que, num segundo momento, seja possível determinar a essência da técnica a partir de uma leitura cruzada Heidegger-Marx.Palavras-chave: Heidegger, Marx, técnica, metafísica, capitalismo Abstract: This paper aims to propose an interpretation of the question concerning technology in Heidegger’s thought. The hypothesis which animates this interpretation is the following one: the modern technology is the capitalism’s metaphysics, which means that the capitalism is not only a mode of production of material life, but also a metaphysics. To make the sense of this hypothesis intelligible, we will need to explain firstly the relationship between the question concerning technology and the notions of history of being and metaphysics as onto-theology; we will determine secondly the technology’s essence through a cross-reading between Heidegger and Marx.Key-words: Heidegger, Marx, technology, metaphysics, capitalism
The effects of neurofeedback training on short-term memory and quality of life in women with breast cancer
Authors: Sarvghadi Pooria , Ghaffari Amin , Rostami Hamid Reza
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims

Breast cancer, one of the most common cancers among Iranian women, affects the physical, psychological and cognitive dimensions of patients' lives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training on short-term memory and quality of life in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

In a randomised, controlled pilot trial, a convenient sample of 20 Iranian women with breast cancer who had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received 4 weeks of neurofeedback training. Assessment tools in pre- and post-test sessions included the Wechsler short-term memory scale and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Data were analysed by a biostatistician blinded to the study.

Results

Short-term memory and quality of life scores improved significantly in the intervention group after neurofeedback training compared to the control group (P=0.001).

Conclusions

Findings indicate that neurofeedback training is an effective technique for improving short-term memory and quality of life alongside occupational therapy interventions in women after breast cancer treatment.
Preparing, monitoring and recovering the thoracic surgery patient
Authors: Ebeck Liza
Published: November 2019

Patients presenting for thoracic surgery either acutely or chronically will always be demanding and require extensive planning for anaesthesia, surgery and recovery with many factors needing to be considered and resolved before beginning. This article will focus on the main considerations of these three points.
Nursing a diabetic patient with hypoglycaemia — a nursing care report
Authors: Rees Sophie
Published: November 2019

Hypoglycaemia presents a genuine life-threatening emergency in the intensive care unit. Veterinary nurses play a vital role in the emergency and critical care of hypoglycaemic patients. This patient care report will discuss and evaluate the nursing care involved with maintenance of intravenous catheter, monitoring of blood glucose and dietary management.
Achieving plastic free status in practice. How can it be done?
Authors: Eastwood-Wright Megan
Published: November 2019

Many of us are striving to reduce the amount of plastic we use at home, but how can this be sustained in our professional lives? Especially in an environment where disposable items are an integral part of our work.

Jane Davidson and Jo Hinde, co-founders of Learning Without Landfill explain that: ‘Starting to talk about the environmental impact of our work and personal activities was hard. Only 2 years ago many people questioned how we could make any change in a field like veterinary medicine.’ So, how can it be done? Megan Eastwood-Wright, Head Nurse of Regent Court Vets, Penzance, Cornwall tells us.
Social Media im transnationalen Alltag
Authors: Pfeifer Simone
Published: November 2019

Welche Rolle spielen digitale Medien im transnationalen sozialen Alltag? Für Senegales_innen in Berlin und Dakar erfüllen sie eine besondere Funktion: Mobiltelefone, Social Media, digitale Fotografie und Videos ermöglichen es, abwesende Personen - Geschwister, Freunde oder Ehepartner - auf spezifische Weise präsent zu machen. Simone Pfeifers medienethnografische Arbeit bezieht die Perspektiven aus Deutschland und Senegal gleichberechtigt in die Untersuchung ein und zeigt, wie Senegales_innen ihren sozialen Alltag durch transnationale Medienpraktiken gestalten. Die aktuelle Forschung zu Migration und Medien wird dabei durch den Fokus auf Visualität und die Bedeutung von Bildern bei der Gestaltung von sozialer und emotionaler Nähe erweitert.
Zum Wandel des wissenschaftlichen Subjekts
Authors: Niemann Robert
Published: November 2019

Ein zentrales Kennzeichen der modernen Wissenschaft ist das Streben nach originellen Erkenntnissen, die auf der Basis von Kritik gewonnen werden: Die entsprechende wissenschaftliche Subjektform ist ein kritischer Wissensschöpfer. Robert Niemann geht der Vermutung nach, dass dieses klassisch-moderne Wissenschaftssubjekt sich im letzten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts zu einem postkritischen Selbstmanager wandelt. Mit Blick auf die sprachliche Subjektivierung in Wissenschaftsratgebern erörtert er diese These unter anderem im Rahmen von Ansätzen wie dem ›unternehmerischen Selbst‹ (Bröckling), dem ›Kreativitätsdispositiv‹ (Reckwitz) sowie der ›Transformation von Kritik‹ (Boltanski/Chiapello).
Design for teaching!
Authors: Foraita Sabine , Wölwer Stefan
Published: November 2019

Die Anforderungen an Bildungseinrichtungen haben sich durch die Notwendigkeit des lebenslangen Lernens grundlegend verändert. Die Digitalisierung, also ein durch Algorithmen exponentiell beschleunigter Kulturwandel, erweitert rasant und umfangreich die Parameter der Interaktion zwischen Lehren und Lernen in unseren verschiedensten Lebensräumen. Somit erhöhen sich auch die Anforderungen an das Design, welches diese Prozesse analysiert und mitgestaltet. Unser Beitrag wird diese Veränderungstendenzen aufzeigen, mögliche Szenarien beschreiben und dies auch an praktischen Beispielen darstellen.
Die Rolle der EU in einer unsicheren Welt
Authors: Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet Gisela
Published: November 2019

Die Weltordnung befindet sich derzeit in einem dramatischen Umbruch, der den regelbasierten Multilateralismus bedroht. Daher muss die dem Multilateralismus zutiefst verpflichtete EU sowohl ihr eigenes Rollenkonzept überdenken als auch ihre Einfluss- und Handlungsfähigkeiten stärken, um mäßigend und gestaltend auf die grassierende Weltunordnung einwirken zu können. Damit ist vorrangig die Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik der EU angesprochen, wo unter dem Schock des Brexit-Votums und der Verschlechterung der transatlantischen Beziehungen mit der Errichtung einer Ständigen Strukturierten Zusammenarbeit (PESCO) letzthin beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt wurden. Auch ein neues Rollenkonzept für die EU zeichnet sich ab, das maßgeblich von Deutschland und Frankreich entworfen wurde: Das Leitbild einer »souveränen EU als die Kraft, die den Multilateralismus stärkt«. Der Beitrag nennt einige Beispiele, die exemplarisch für die »Weltpolitikfähigkeit der EU« (Juncker) stehen - mit offenem Ausgang.
Kulturelle Teilhabe durch Musik?
Authors: Stoffers Nina
Published: November 2019

Das Ziel kultureller Teilhabe wird in wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftspolitischen Kontexten immer wichtiger - mit entsprechenden Hoffnungen verbunden ist dabei insbesondere die Förderung von benachteiligten Gruppen. Dem Diskurs inhärent ist jedoch, dass dieses Ziel in sein Gegenteil verkehrt werden und zu einer inkludierenden Exklusion führen kann. Nina Stoffers zeigt, wie ein Spannungsverhältnis entsteht durch intendierte Strategien des Empowerments, die durchzogen werden von exotisierenden Othering-Prozessen. In transkulturellen Musikprojekten für Kinder und Jugendliche ist dies herausfordernd, weil sie sich selbst als diversitätssensible und rassismuskritische Praxis begreifen.
Religion und komplementäre/alternative Medizin zwischen Heil und Heilung: eine interdisziplinäre Betrachtung zweier verflochtener sozialer Systeme
Authors: Dollmann Jürgen
Published: November 2019

Jürgen Dollmann erörtert in seinem Beitrag den Zusammenhang zwischen komplementären/alternativen Medizinangeboten und dem in diesem Feld häufig geäußerten Anspruch auf Ganzheitlichkeit. Dieser Anspruch bezieht sich meist auf eine anzustrebende Einheit von »Körper, Geist und Seele«. Aus dem dahinterstehenden Bedürfnis ergibt sich eine nicht mehr scharf zu ziehende Grenze zwischen »Heilung«, die oft über die sogenannte Evidenzbasierte Medizin gesucht wird, und einem Streben nach »Heil«, das vielmehr als ganzheitliche Einbettung in einem übergeordneten Sinnsystem verstanden werden kann. Von Akteursseite wird das Erleben dieser Einbettung oft auch mit dem Begriff »Spiritualität« umschrieben. Aktuelle kognitions- und neurowissenschaftliche Theorien zeigen, wie komplexe sinnliche Wahrnehmungen in einer »perzeptiven Synthese« eine kohärente Wirklichkeitswahrnehmung erschaffen. Ein »spirituelles« Ganzheitserleben in Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin kann damit besser verstanden werden.
Accounting for Visual Bias in Tangible Data Design
Authors: Resch Gabby
Published: November 2019

Data engagement has become an important facet of engaged citizenship. While this is celebrated by those who advocate for expanding participatory channels in civic experience, others have rightfully expressed concern about the complicated dimensions of balancing access with data literacy. If engaged citizenship increasingly requires the ability to interpret civic data through city dashboards and open data portals, then there is a concomitant requirement for diverse populations to develop critical perspectives on data representation (what is commonly referred to as data visualisation, information graphics, etc.). Effective data representations are used to ground conversations, communicate policy ideas and substantiate arguments about important civic issues, but they are also frequently used to deceive and mislead. Expanding statistical, graphical, digital and media literacy is a necessary component of fostering a critical data culture, but who are the beneficiaries of expanded models of literacy and modes of civic engagement? Which communities are invalidated in the design of civic data interfaces? In this article, I summarise the results of a design study undertaken to inform the development of accessible data representation techniques. In this study, I conducted fourteen 2-h participatory design-inspired interview sessions with blind and visually impaired citizens. These sessions, in which I iteratively developed new physical data objects and assessed their interpretability, leveraged a public transit dataset made available by the City of Toronto through its open data portal. While ostensibly “open,” this dataset was initially published in a format that was exclusively visual, excluding blind and visually impaired citizens from engaging with it. What I discovered through the study was that the process of translating 2D, screen-based civic dashboards and data visualisations into tangible objects has the capacity to reintroduce visual biases in ways that data designers may not generally be aware of.
Unpacking El Paquete
Authors: Köhn Steffen
Published: November 2019

With online access heavily restricted, Cuba has one of the lowest internet penetration rates in the world. Yet, Cuban citizens have found a way to distribute all kinds of web content in the form of El Paquete Semanal, a one terabyte collection of data that is compiled by a network of people with various forms of privileged internet access and then circulated nationwide on USB sticks and external hard drives via an elaborate network of deliverymen. In this article, I show how El Paquete has come to constitute a nested media ecosystem that facilitates the publication of independent local media content, hosts several digital marketplaces, and offers an otherwise non-existing space for advertisement. Its enormous local relevance and scope sets it in competition with the Cuban state that reacts ambiguously: it largely tolerates the Paquete as long as compilers continue to self-censor overtly political content. While state officials have repeatedly criticised the “banality” of its material, the government recently felt obliged to distribute its own alternative weekly data compilation called Mochila (backpack) via its youth computer clubs and official cybercafés. I therefore seek to understand El Paquete as an arena in which the relationships between citizenry and the state are currently being re-negotiated.
Refusing Shame and Inertia
Authors: Dixon Natalie
Published: November 2019

In this paper, mobile communication is examined in the context of forced migration from an affective perspective using the case study of an informal migrant camp that was established in 2015 at Budapest’s Keleti train station. Drawing on concepts of migration, affect and media, I examine various news reports and social media commentary about the camp as well as the makeshift Wi-Fi network that was established there in relation to Hungarian populist politics. I posit the station as a site of contestation between migrants, the Hungarian government and non-governmental actors that speaks to the politicisation of communication technology. The conclusion points to how mobile communication provides a way for forced migrants to create a heterotopic space in extreme conditions as the migrant community is affectively moored by media practices that enable feelings of familiarity and security. These practices not only constitute a kind of refuge for migrants but also offer a form of refusal, however small, towards the shaming and inertia they experience.
TouchOn/TouchOff
Authors: Lanson Klare
Published: November 2019

This article reflects upon a mobile art ethnography that sought to understand and rethink some of the tensions around regional/rural experiences of the digital. Using creative practice-based methods, it provides new insights into this regional/urban divide through the motif of working mother commuter as digital wayfarer, a term used to define on/offline digital entanglement through the lived experience of quotidian wayfaring. It contributes to debates around mobile communication and mobile media studies by connecting conceptual analysis of mobilities and its relationship to regional commuting with a creative approach to movement, play and a sense of place. Much of the academic research on mobile media and internet studies stems from an urban focus rather than engaging in the unevenness of the online as is much of the experience in the rural region of North Central Victoria, Australia. Being a working mother commuter for almost a decade, the researcher also took an autobiographical approach to aspects of this project through the lens of digital wayfaring. The artefact used ethnographic case study methods and is a creative non/ fiction sound and moving imagery work made using the mobile phone, within the context of the regional Vline train. Utilising sonified global positioning system (GPS) data as part of the soundscape, it addressed problems in the production of this train activity (i. e. work, creativity, play, rest and playbour) regarding social and material participation of the commute infrastructure and overlaid internet connections. It showed how multisensorial art-making highlights the commute to be a journey to and from - and of - work, within the ecology of the Vline train, and therefore provides new ways of perceiving this copresent, mediated and entangled digital experience.
O espaço e a história da educação em Minas Gerais: uma análise a partir de Campanha da Princesa, no século XIX
Authors: Fonseca Marcus Vinícius , Batista Vanessa Souza
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo tratar da educação em Campanha da Princesa, cidade mais importante da região Sul de Minas Gerais, no Século XIX. Para tratar da educação em Campanha procuramos situá-la no processo de mudança do eixo social e político da capitania de Minas, que ocorreu a partir de um intenso desenvolvimento da comarca do Rio das Mortes, no final do século XVIII. Destacamos Campanha como elemento central desse processo e da construção de uma identidade territorial que deu origem à ideia do Sul de Minas como uma região específica. Apresentamos algumas particularidades da educação e do público que se encontrava em suas escolas destacando sua especificidade, sobretudo quando comparado com outras regiões de Minas Gerais. Assim, procuramos apontar alguns elementos que sinalizam para a importância de se considerar as especificidades regionais nas análises produzidas pela história da educação de Minas Gerais.
A literatura infantil, segundo Fernando de Azevedo
Authors: Mortatti Maria do Rosario  Longo , Totti Marcelo Augusto
Published: November 2019

Embora diferentes aspectos da obra e da atuação de Fernando de Azevedo (1894-1974) venham sendo objeto de estudos que evidenciam suas decisivas contribuições para a sociologia, a educação e a cultura no Brasil, ainda estão inexploradas suas reflexões sobre literatura infantil. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a compreensão desse aspecto da obra do eminente intelectual brasileiro, analisa-se, neste artigo, a configuração textual do ensaio “A literatura infantil numa perspectiva sociológica”, publicado em 1952, na revista Sociologia, da Escola de Sociologia e Política da São Paulo, e republicado, na terceira edição, de 1953, do livro A educação e seus problemas (Melhoramentos). A análise se baseia na hipótese de sua relação com o projeto (político) de renovação educacional no Brasil e com a história da sociologia, da educação e da produção brasileira sobre literatura infantil, em que o ensaio figura como um clássico.
Educação de jovens e adultos: um estudo acerca dos princípios políticos e pedagógicos que conduziram a proposta educacional do Movimento Brasileiro de Educação – MOBRAL (1967-1985)
Authors: Prado Mariana Lemos do , Quillici Neto Armindo
Published: November 2019

O Movimento Brasileiro de Educação – MOBRAL criado durante o Regime Militar (1964-1985), pela Lei n°5.379 de 15/12/1967, se constituiu em um dos mais extensos e complexos programas de educação de adultos já desenvolvidos no país. Para realização deste estudo foi elaborada uma análise dos princípios políticos, pedagógicos, metodologias e ideais que conduziram os principais programas do MOBRAL, com ênfase na Alfabetização Funcional, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de fontes como: a documentação e legislação educacional do período (1967-1985); Estatutos e Documento Básico da Fundação; pesquisas acadêmicas; as publicações do MEC e os materiais didáticos do MOBRAL. Destacamos o trabalho de Arlindo Lopes Corrêa como idealizador, gestor e representante do MOBRAL, um intelectual que buscou mediar a unidade política e ideológica da instituição e legitimar seu trabalho perante a opinião pública.
De escravo a modelo educacional: a trajetória do pedagogo grego
Authors: Torres Milton Luiz
Published: November 2019

Este artigo faz um retrospecto da condição servil do antigo pedagogo grego e discute, com base no Filógelo, um livro de anedotas do séc. IV e V A.D., e em Paladas de Alexandria, um poeta do séc. IV A.D., se ocorreu, de fato, uma transição no estatuto social e econômico do pedagogo que o colocou, a partir do séc. II A.D., como modelo educacional da paideia greco-romana.
La reconversión del comercio minorista: comercio virtual, precios dinámicos y costos de búsqueda
Authors: Oviedo Nicolás Ignacio
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se relevan cualitativamente las principales transformaciones que el comercio virtual induce sobre la dinámica tradicional del comercio minorista. El argumento principal es que el comercio virtual no es meramente la traslación al ciberespacio de la lógica del mundo físico. Los cambios de mayor magnitud que identificamos son dos. Por un lado, para las firmas se torna más asequible establecer un sistema de precios dinámicos con discriminación de primer grado para maximizar beneficios. Por el otro, las transacciones digitales implican el ahorro de los costos de búsqueda para los consumidores típicos del comercio minorista clásico. Un corolario significativo es que, para estudiar empíricamente el fenómeno, se deben adaptar y combinar enfoques teóricos. Adaptaciones de modelos de shopping time con firmas que realizan discriminación de precios de primer grado bajo ciertas restricciones lucen como enfoques promisorios para futuros estudios empíricos.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FITNESS PROGRAMS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WOMEN AGED 30–40 YEARS
Authors: Perevalina E , Shestakov M , Laggao S
Published: November 2019

Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30–40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30–40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 – gym, 19 – traditional aerobics, 17 – strength aerobics, 17 – functional training, 15 – fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years.
Pedagogical frameworks and principles for mobile (language) learning to
support related teacher education
Authors: Koenraad Ton
Published: November 2019

In this paper results of the EU projects ‘Designing and Evaluating
Innovative Mobile Pedagogies’ (DEIMP, http://www.deimpeu.com/) and
‘Mobilising and Transforming Teacher Educators’ Pedagogies’ (MTTEP,
http://www.mttep.eu/) are presented. Two key outputs, the Mobile Learning
Toolkit and its iPAC framework (MTTEP) and the principles for innovative
mobile learning (m-learning, DEIMP), both targeted at stimulating
pedagogically sound m-learning practices in teacher education and schools,
are highlighted. To enhance these general pedagogical resources for use in
professional development activities specifically for language teachers and
teacher educators, I refer to some currently available frameworks and
guidelines for Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) and
teaching.
Quality for online language courses – a coaching program for
teachers
Authors: Korkealehto Kirsi
Published: November 2019

Finnish universities of applied sciences are building a shared digital
course offering, and therefore, digital pedagogy and teachers’ competences
are being developed via the eAMK project which provides a nationwide
coaching program. The program started early in 2018 to ensure that the staff
competence in digital pedagogy is timely and that the quality of the courses
offered through CampusOnline.fi is consistent and as high as possible.
Language teachers take part in the coaching program as a subgroup in which
the focus is on language specific topics and issues. The aim was to cover
all language competences and to offer suitable digital solutions for them
all. The coaching program includes webinars, online and face-to-face
meetings, and guidance and workshops. The participating language teachers
considered the coaching program beneficial; especially peer feedback,
webinars, and workshops were regarded as supportive. The sessions were
arranged according to the teachers’ timetables which enabled regular
participation.
Brazil and Colombia virtual exchange project: the Brazilian view
Authors: Martins Claudia Beatriz , Werner Maristela
Published: November 2019

The objective of this paper is to report the preliminary results of a telecollaborative project between a Brazilian university (UTFPR) and a Colombian university (Universidad de Pamplona) that both offer a Licentiate degree in English. The project had two purposes: a pedagogical one to show student-teachers how they can develop their communication skills in English in a collaborative way by sharing information with other student-teachers from a different culture, and a technological one to put future teachers in contact with some technological tools. The paper is divided into three parts: (1) a brief description of the context and the participants; (2) the project itself – the first steps, the objectives, and the tasks; and (3) the Brazilian view of the whole process/project as well as the students’ feedback.
Tablets in second language learning: learners’ and teachers’
perceptions
Authors: Shouma Amira , Cardoso Walcir
Published: November 2019

This study explores the perceptions of English as a Second Language
(ESL) learners and teachers on using tablets in their language classrooms,
focusing on the device’s four inherent affordances: learnability, usability,
motivation, and willingness to use the technology. Adopting a quantitative
and qualitative approach for data collection and analysis, our findings
revealed overall positive perceptions from both ESL learners and their
teachers on all four measures adopted (all above 3.4/5); these results were
also corroborated by our thematic analysis of the interviews.
Not a language course (!): teaching global leadership skills through a foreign language in a flipped, blended, and ubiquitous learning environment
Authors: Tanaka-Ellis Nobue , Sekiguchi Sachiyo
Published: November 2019

This paper reports on the evidence learning found from a flipped, blended, ubiquitous learning Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) course teaching global leadership skills using a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) to Japanese undergraduates through English. The purposes of the current study are to see if (1) there was any evidence of learning found in the students’ oral outputs, and (2) there were any changes in student perceptions about the course and their Target Language (TL) fluency over a 10-week period. The data were collected through two interview sessions conducted in Weeks 4 and 14. A similar set of questions were asked in both interviews to gauge student understanding of the course content, perceptual changes, and oral output skills. Three-semesters worth of interview data were transcribed and sorted into four categories; (1) transfer of words, (2) transfer of phrases, (3) transfer of concepts, and (4) application of concepts. The results indicated that the students’ perceptions of the course shifted from an English as a foreign language course to a leadership course, and they produced more course relevant answers.
SimpleApprenant: a platform to improve French L2 learners’ knowledge of
multiword expressions
Authors: Todirascu Amalia , Cargill Marion
Published: November 2019

We present SimpleApprenant, a platform aiming to improve French L2
learners’ knowledge of Multi Word Expressions (MWEs). SimpleApprenant
integrates an MWE database annotated with the Common European Framework of
Reference for languages (CEFR) level and several Natural Language Processing
(NLP) tools: a spelling checker, a parser, and a set of transformation
rules. NLP tools and resources are used to build training and writing
exercises to improve MWE knowledge and writing skills of French L2 learners.
We present the user scenarios, the platform’s architecture, as well as the
preliminary evaluation of its NLP tools.
Computer-mediated communication in Chinese as a second language learning:
needs analysis of adolescent learners of Chinese at beginner level in
Ireland
Authors: Wang Mengdi , Bauer Ciaran , Devitt Ann
Published: November 2019

Ireland’s new strategy for foreign language education, Languages
Connect, identifies the establishment of Mandarin Chinese as a curricular
language as a key goal for the coming years. Within the curriculum
specification for Mandarin at Junior Cycle (ages 12-15), “using digital
technology is identified as a core component: the student uses technology
and digital media to learn, communicate, work and think collaboratively and
creatively” (NCCA, 2016, p. 6). While the introduction of Chinese courses in
Ireland faces a number of challenges (e.g. a shortage of communication
opportunities and appropriate learning resources), it also provides a unique
opportunity to generate innovative solutions to these challenges through
technology, specifically Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). This paper
outlines the overarching goal and Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology
for this research project as well as the results of the initial learner
needs analysis conducted at a post-primary school in Ireland. Participants
in the needs analysis workshop consisted of 19 students aged 12-15 who are
learning Chinese, and their teacher. The results of the needs analysis with
students and their Chinese language teacher identified opportunities for
meaningful communication, particularly with Chinese native speakers, and
more learning about Chinese culture as the key needs to address within the
broader research project, needs that could be addressed using CMC
tools.
The role of educational technologists in the provision of language
courses in higher education: a case study
Authors: Allen Christopher , Richardson David
Published: November 2019

In recent years, schools, municipalities, and universities have made
increasing use of educational technologists (edtechs) to support teaching
staff in the delivery of technology-based courses in face-to-face, blended,
or purely online formats. This paper is a case study focusing on the types
of training and support provision provided by three edtechs within the arts
and humanities faculty of a large provincial university in southern Sweden.
The edtechs also identify a number of obstacles in the way of developing
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and computer assisted
language learning expertise among teaching staff.
The use of digital media in the Russian language classroom: an empirical
study conducted in Austria, South Tyrol, and Germany
Authors: Bacher Sonja
Published: November 2019

This work-in-progress study focuses on the implementation of digital
media into the Russian language classroom at secondary schools in the
German-speaking countries of Austria, Germany, and the trilingual region
South Tyrol. The data were collected in a mixed-methods procedure:
quantitative data from online-questionnaires and qualitative data from
face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with teachers and learners of
Russian. The data from the online-surveys were analysed with descriptive
statistics and that of the interviews with qualitative content analysis. The
results from the online-surveys illustrate the kinds of digital devices that
are employed, the frequency of their use, and the purposes digital media are
intended to fulfil in the Russian language classroom. Another finding
concerns the teachers’ digital literacy, suggesting that only half of the
Russian teachers can create online language learning tasks. The paper closes
with implications for pre- and in-service teacher education and future
research.
Critical cultural awareness and learning through digital
environments
Authors: Dunn James D.
Published: November 2019

Students with cultural and linguistic competence are needed to navigate
an increasingly globalized society. This study collected and analyzed
cultural awareness data from students who communicated with people of other
cultures through Virtual Reality (VR) environments. Students from a private
university in Japan engaged in directed communication with other students
from the USA using an online virtual chat program. A questionnaire based on
the Global Perspectives Inventory (GPI) was used by the students to
self-report their views on the intercultural interactions and give a
metacognitive analysis of their intercultural competence/knowledge of
intercultural phenomena. In addition to directed communicative objectives,
students were given the chance to engage in free conversation in the digital
space created by the software to facilitate intercultural critical cultural
awareness skills. Early findings show that students were able to improve
critical cultural awareness through a virtual experience.
Semiconducting behavior and kinetics of passive film growth on AISI 321 stainless steel in sulfuric acid
Authors: Koumya Yassine , Idouhli Rachid , Khadiri Mohy Eddine , Aityoub Abdelaaziz , Benzakour Jaouad , Abouelfida Abdesselam , Benyaich Abdelaziz
Published: November 2019

In the present study, the effects of aging and formation potential on the semiconducting behavior of AISI 321 stainless steel as well as the kinetics of the early stages of pitting are discussed. The donor and acceptor densities decrease with increasing formation potential. The steady-state passive film thickness and the coefficient of oxygen vacancies are estimated. The electrode polarization at higher anodic potentials causes the increase in the rate of pit initiation and slows down the growth rate of passive film. Also, the openness of the pits and their coalescence are highly promoted with the increase in the applied potential.