bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid onset brain plasticity at novel pharmacologic targets hypothetically drives innovations for rapid onset antidepressant actions
Authors: Cooper Takesha , Seigler Michael David , Stahl Stephen
Published: March 2023

Numerous new agents with rapid onset antidepressant effects are entering clinical trials and clinical practice. Studies focus on either first-line treatment of major depressive disorder or on patients whose major depressive disorder is resistant to prior antidepressant drugs. Novel agents target three very different central nervous system sites: as antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) A neurosteroid and benzodiazepine receptor sites, and as psychedelic agonists of serotonin 2A/2C receptors. Onset of antidepressant action is rapid, sometimes after only one dose whereas traditional agents for depression take several days to weeks to have an antidepressant effect. Although the direct molecular targets of these three classes of agents with rapid antidepressant onset are quite diverse and not clearly related to each other, analysis of the downstream effects of all these agents show that all are “plastogens,” namely agents that trigger rapid onset of neuroplasticity that correlates with their rapid onset of antidepressant clinical action. The GABA A PAMs and some of the NMDA antagonists induce neuroplasticity without notable changes in mental status and can be designated “neuroplastogens.” Some NMDA antagonists cause mental dissociation, and the psychedelics cause psychotomimetic/hallucinatory experiences and can be designated “psychoplastogens.” A great debate exists whether psychoplastogens are effective because of their ability to acutely alter mental state, or whether these acute mental states are unwanted behavioral toxicity. The promise of numerous novel agents with rapid acting antidepressant action and neuroplasticity is set to transform the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Measuring the Effects of Federal Budget Dysfunction: Impacts of Continuing Resolutions on Public Procurement
Authors: Brien Spencer T. , Letterle Korey W. , Kantner Paul A.
Published: March 2023

This study measures the behavioral effects of continuing resolutions by examining their impact on federal procurement activities. The restrictions imposed by continuing resolutions are explored as an example of political control over a public organization. The analysis employs a dataset describing the timing of U.S. Marine Corps purchase orders for goods and services. Individual purchase orders were sampled over a four-year period (2016−2019) that endured continuing resolutions of different lengths. The analysis examines the impact of continuing resolutions on the number of purchase orders initiated, the duration of their review period, and the dollar amount per request. The results depict multiple impacts that appear to concentrate on requests for services rather than commodities. These findings help quantify the magnitude of the disruptions caused by federal budgetary dysfunction.
Clinical factors affecting the long-term survival of breast cancer patients
Authors: Li Yong-Hui , Wang Xiao-Ying , Shen Jun-Wei , Ma Lin-Lin , Wang Cui-Ping , He Kai , Liu Ding-Sheng , Li Yan-Fei
Published: March 2023

Objective

The average 5-year survival rate of breast cancer (BC) patients has been significantly prolonged with new therapeutic methods. However, their effects on BC patient long-term survival rates are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the specific clinical factors that can affect BC long-term survival.

Methods

Here, we conducted a retrospective study and analyzed long-term survival using data of 3,240 BC patients from 1977 to 2005 from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Breast tumor size and stage were negatively correlated with long-term survival, but age showed no significant correlation. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were each positively correlated with patient survival time, while ERBB2 receptor (HER2) expression was negatively correlated with survival time. Patients with high Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) values did not benefit from available therapies. Furthermore, breast-conserving surgery is more conducive to BC patient long-term survival than mastectomy.

Conclusions

Early detection and breast-conserving surgery may support long-term survival for BC patients. Elevated expression of ER and PR were both associated with longer patient survival time, while positive expression of HER2 showed the opposite trend. The long-term survival rates of patients with high NPI values can potentially be increased.
Evaluation of Dynamic Flashing Yellow Arrow Decision Support System in the Field Using Before and After Real-Time Data
Authors: Abou-Senna Hatem , Hibbert Jamel , Radwan Essam , Eldeeb Hesham , Hashim Abdulrahman
Published: March 2023

A permissive left turn is one of the most dangerous movements a driver can make because the driver travels across opposing traffic lanes. In recent years, flashing yellow arrow (FYA) signals have been proven to help drivers make safer left turns. The four-section signal display with FYA permissive left-turn indication creates an opportunity to enhance the left-turn phase with a variable mode that can change on demand. A challenge to using this system is knowing the best times of day to apply the FYA indication. The authors developed an exclusive hardware platform: first, to provide a generic device compatible with the different controller types used by different jurisdictions and, second, to automate selection of the FYA left-turn modes based on available gaps in the opposing traffic at intersections acquired in real time from existing sensors in the field. Phase IV provided conclusive field testing and evaluation of the decision support system (DSS), by switching between red and FYA modes in a rational manner consistent with driver expectations and left-turning gap acceptance thresholds. It was also concluded that coordinated signals with long cycle lengths, 3 min and longer, help provide adequate gaps even in heavy traffic patterns since most of the vehicle arrivals are in platoons and at the beginning of the cycle. The analysis showed that the utilization factor for the DSS recommendations for all the intersections ranged between 65% and 75% during peak conditions on weekdays and between 90% and 95% during off-peak conditions and weekends. The total delay in the before study for all the intersections amounted to 737 vehicle-hours and in the after-study was 440 vehicle-hours of delay. An overall reduction of about 40% in delay which confirms the operational benefit of the dynamic FYA DSS. The developed platform is applicable at any four-section head configuration to maximize safety and efficiency of the intersections.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Fixed, Virtual, and Moving Block Train Control Systems on a Mixed Single- and Double-Track U.S. Freight Rail Corridor
Authors: Roscoe Geordie , Dick C. Tyler
Published: March 2023

As the nationwide installation of positive train control (PTC) technology has recently been completed, freight railroads are searching for ways to leverage the technology to improve their operations beyond increasing safety. One commonly discussed possibility is developing and installing PTC-based virtual or moving block control systems to increase the capacity of railroad mainlines as a lower-cost alternative to adding costly track infrastructure. Considering that demand for freight rail transportation is expected to increase by 24% by 2045, and that most major mainline routes are operating at their maximum capacity, substantial capacity improvements will become necessary very soon. Since U.S. Class I railroads are for-profit companies, choosing the most cost-efficient way to increase network capacity is a primary objective. Thus, the potential capacity and performance benefits of virtual and moving block train control systems should be evaluated in realistic scenarios. This study utilized a novel dispatching algorithm and detailed railroad corridor simulator to evaluate fixed, virtual, and moving block systems over the full length of a 2,000-mi long U.S. Class I railroad mainline corridor composed of a mix of single- and double-tracks. Moving blocks were found to have the potential to maintain current average train speed under a 40% increase in train traffic, and that five virtual blocks per fixed block achieved most of the performance benefits of moving block control.
Development and Verification of CTIndex Correction Methods to Normalize Air Void Content and Thickness of Field Cores
Authors: Montañez Juliana , Martin Amy Epps , Arámbula-Mercado Edith
Published: March 2023

The IDEAL cracking test (IDEAL-CT) (ASTM D8225) provides a fracture mechanics-based parameter: cracking tolerance index or CTIndex which is sensitive to specimen thickness and air void (AV) content. The CTIndex of field cores with variable thicknesses and AV contents are not comparable to those of laboratory-compacted specimens prepared at specified values. This study analyzed the CTIndex sensitivity to these features by preparing reheated plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (RPMLC) specimens with variable thickness and AV content and developing thickness and AV content correction factors. The correction factors were obtained using trendline equations from the relationships between CTIndex and varying thickness and CTIndex and varying AV content. The correction factors were then applied to RPMLC specimens fabricated with variable thickness and AV content and compared with RPMLC specimens prepared at 62 ± 1 mm and 7 ± 0.5% AV. CTIndex results were comparable, and one correction method was proposed. This method was applied to replicate field cores of 22 independent mixtures and compared with RPMLC specimens fabricated at 62 ± 1 mm and 7 ± 0.5% AV. CTIndex results of field cores and the RPMLC specimens still showed differences after applying the correction method, suggesting the need for a different (larger) CTIndex threshold for field cores. Finally, more data are required to improve the proposed correction methods and more mixtures need to be evaluated to consider a wider range of thickness, AV, component materials, and aging conditions.
Colombian Adolescents’ Perceptions of Violence and Opportunities for Safe Spaces Across Community Settings
Authors: De la Vega-Taboada Eduardo , Rodriguez Ana Lucia , Barton Alexa , Stephens Dionne P. , Cano Miguel , Eaton Asia , Frazier Stacy , Rodriguez Augusto , Cortecero Adolfo
Published: March 2023

During adolescence, access to safe environments is critical for healthy development. This study analyzed adolescents’ perceptions of safety in personal and public spaces in the semi-rural community of Santa Ana, Colombia on the Island of Barú (95.8% of inhabitants live in poverty). We used thematic analysis to explore adolescents’ experiences and reflections to identify the factors influencing their perception of safety across different community spaces. Four gender-segregated focus group discussions were held with 40 adolescents (20 male and 20 female) from ages 13 to 17 ( M = 14.4, SD = 1.2). Most of them self-identified as Black (86%). The more recurrent spaces in the adolescents’ conversations were the streets, the school, the local sports field, individual homes, and commercial sound system parties known as “Picos.” Adolescents perceived the school as the safest space, while the “Picos” were the most unsafe. The other spaces were considered mixed, meaning that their perceived safety shifts and depends on the presence of certain factors. These factors were risky behaviors, group affiliation, designated authority roles, and the relevance of time. The authors discuss the importance of addressing the factors that inform adolescents’ safety perception, particularly within low resource settings cross-culturally.
“One-by-One, TB Took Everything Away From Me”: A Photovoice Exploration of Stigma in Women with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Mumbai
Authors: Mahbub Tahiya , Mathur Taanya , Isaakidis Petros , Daftary Amrita
Published: March 2023

Stigma related to drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), one of the world's most severe infectious diseases, is a major barrier to TB elimination particularly for women living in settings of gender inequity. Drawing on the participatory action research (PAR) framework of photovoice, we explored lived experiences of DR-TB stigma among nine affected women in Mumbai, India. Consenting women took, shared, and contributed to the critical interpretation of 37 non-identifying images and associated narratives with one another and with PAR researchers. The study surfaced vivid, untold stories of trauma and life-altering encounters with enacted, anticipated, and internal stigma, that were characterized by loss (of self, voice, status, mobility), abuse (mental, social) and deep internal distress (shame, isolation, suffocation, peril). The study also revealed how stigmatized women found means to build resilience and resist the impacts of stigma. We further witnessed the building of their collective resilience through study participation. Photovoice proved to be a uniquely compelling method of data capture and interpretation, with potential to develop meaningful engagement and solidarity among women affected by DR-TB.
The Effects of Polyvictimization by Intimate Partners on Suicidality Among Salvadoran Women
Authors: Kim Chunrye , Vasquez Lidia , Rajah Valli
Published: March 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victims tend to suffer from various mental health issues. Mental health issues, including suicidal thoughts and attempts caused by IPV victimization, might be more severe among women in El Salvador, where violence against women is prevalent overall. Although polyvictimization, which is defined as experiencing more than one type of violence by one or multiple partners, is associated with more severe mental health consequences than victimization by just a single form of violence due to accumulative trauma, not enough attention has been paid to this phenomenon among Salvadoran women. Thus, guided by trauma theory, this study aimed to examine the impact of polyvictimization from different types of violence (i.e., physical, sexual, emotional, and economic) on suicidal thoughts and attempts among Salvadoran women using the 2017 Violence Against Women National Survey. A nationally representative sample of 3,074 Salvadoran women aged 15 years or older and who had experienced an intimate relationship in their lifetime, recruited through a multistage random sampling design, was analyzed in this study using logistic regression analyses. We found that psychological and economic violence, along with physical and sexual violence, had statistically significant associations with suicidal thoughts and attempts, and polyvictimization increased suicidal thoughts and attempts. Based on this study’s findings, we recommend effective research and practice or intervention implementation for addressing IPV and associated mental health problems among Salvadoran women.
Geometric error measurement uncertainty analysis of rotary axis based on Monte Carlo method
Authors: Sun Jianghao , Xiang Sitong , Yu Ben , Chen Maolei
Published: March 2023

Ballbar is widely used for geometric error measurement of the rotary axis, and the uncertainty analysis is of great significance to ensure the reliability of error identification. This study analyzes the measurement uncertainty based on the Monte Carlo method. First, this study clarifies the uncertainty mechanisms caused by tool setting error, translational axis motion error, and ballbar installation error, and proposes a measurement model comprehensively considering the uncertainty sources. In this study, the same ballbar measurement experiments were carried out 10 times in three measurement modes, and the standard deviation of the ballbar length change under different rotation angles was analyzed to ensure that the uncertainty of the geometric error can be effectively analyzed. Furthermore, the uncertainty of each error at different angles of the rotary axis is evaluated based on the measurement model. The results show that the translational axis motion error and tool setting error are important sources of uncertainty. The measurement uncertainty of the angle positioning error is the largest in A- and C-axis, and its standard uncertainty reaches 9.38″ and 2.81″. After optimizing the sine and cosine terms in the identification model, the standard uncertainties of the angular positioning errors are reduced to 6.43″ and 2.26″, and also the estimated errors are close to the actual values, which verifies the validity of the uncertainty analysis method.
Riders in app time: Exploring the temporal experiences of food delivery platform work
Authors: Duus Katrine , Bruun Maja Hojer , Dalsgård Anne Line
Published: March 2023

This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork among bicycle food delivery riders in Brussels who worked through the digital platform Deliveroo. The article engages the riders’ specific temporal experiences of platform work. Platform work through digital apps creates an image of aspatial real-time. However, using the notion of the ‘data double’, we demonstrate that the riders not only have to navigate the cityscape of Brussels on their bikes. They also have to cope with unwanted waiting time caused by the frictions between the data doubles in the app and the spatiotemporal structure of the food delivery economy. We argue that the riders manage to bridge the gap between the logic of the app’s real time and the spatiotemporal and economic constraints. They do so by employing different tactics for manipulating the temporal structure of the app as well as their own experience of time. Drawing on Michael Flaherty’s work, we call these tactics ‘time work’. Most of the interviewed riders did not envision working through the digital platform as a career. Instead, Deliveroo provided a temporary and flexible way to cover their expenses while preparing for other, more important issues such as finishing their education. Studies of digital platform work often highlight the extremely precarious working conditions of food delivery riders, but they have lacked a closer exploration of the platform workers’ own temporal experiences of work. This article brings new empirical insight to studies of digital platform work and, particularly, demonstrates that Deliveroo riders in Brussels are both ‘victims and architects of time’. Overall, this article contributes to a better understanding of the experience of time under platform capitalism.
Local linear approximation with Laplacian smoothing penalty and application in biology
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Yang Yuehan
Published: March 2023

Highly correlated structures appear in various fields, such as biology, biochemistry, and finance, with challenges of dimensionality and sparse estimation. To solve this problem, we propose an algorithm called local linear approximation with the Laplacian smoothing penalty (LLA-LSP). This method produces an accurate and smooth estimate that incorporates the correlation structure among predictors. We compare and discuss the difference between the Laplacian smoothing penalty and the total variance penalty. We prove that this algorithm converges to the oracle solution in a few iterations with a large probability. Numerical results show that the LLA-LSP has good performance in both variable selection and estimation. We apply the proposed algorithm to two biological datasets, a gene expression dataset and a chemical protein dataset, and provide meaningful insights.
The Nurses’ Second Victim Syndrome and Moral Distress
Authors: Shomalinasab Esmat , Bagheri Zahra , Jahangirimehr Azam , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh
Published: March 2023

Background

The increasing prevalence of moral distress in the stressful environment of the intensive care unit (ICU) provides grounds for nursing error and endangers patients’ health, safety, and even life. One of the most important reasons for this distress is the treatment team’s second victim syndrome (SVS), especially nurses, following errors in the treatment system.

Objectives

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between moral distress and SVS in ICUs.

Research design

This cross-sectional study involved a sample size of 96 ICU nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in the 2021–2022 period, who were selected via a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the Demographic Questionnaire, the second victim experience and support tool (SVEST) and Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R). Descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and SD) and analytical tests (Spearman correlation coefficient test, independent t-test, and ANOVA) were employed for data analysis.

Participants and research context

This study used a sample size of 96 intensive care unit nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences selected by simple random sampling.

Ethical considerations

The study obtained research ethics approval, and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation.

Findings

The results showed that 59.4% of nurses suffered a low level of moral distress, and 40.6% suffered from a moderate level of moral distress. The SVS score of 86.5% of the nurses was moderate. There was no significant and direct correlation between moral distress and SVS in nurses; however, there was a significant and inverse correlation between the moral distress intensity and SVS ( p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Despite no significant correlation between moral distress and SVS, these variables were at moderate levels. Accordingly, it is suggested to provide a proper ground for expressing morally stressful situations, counseling and training strategies to deal with moral distress, creating support resources for those suffering from SVS, and implementing empowerment programs.
Healthcare students’ moral concerns and distress during the pandemic
Authors: Sala Defilippis Tiziana ML , Prati Annia , Scascighini Luca
Published: March 2023

Background

During the first wave of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the sudden increase in hospitalised patients put medical facilities in southern Switzerland under severe pressure. During this time, bachelor’s degree programs in nursing, physiotherapy and occupational therapy were disrupted, and students in their second year were displaced. Students experienced the continuous reorganisation of their traineeship as healthcare facilities adapted to a climate of uncertainty.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of moral distress and the ethical issues most often encountered by physiotherapy, nursing and occupational therapy students enrolled in a traineeship during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Switzerland.

Participants and research context

The sample consisted of 102 participants, and the response rate was 81.6%.

Research design

Based on a pragmatic approach, a mixed-method with a convergent design was adopted. Data were collected between 30 April 2020 and 14 May 2020, via a survey administered to all occupational therapy, physiotherapy and nursing students in their fourth semester.

Ethical considerations

Given that no vulnerable persons were involved, the Ethics Committee of Southern Switzerland waived authorisation. However, all measures were put into place to protect participants by guaranteeing their anonymity and confidentiality.

Results and discussion

The data analysis showed that the main source for moral distress was ‘poor teamwork’ and that the moral issues encountered most often by students were related to the appropriateness of care and working conditions, with a clear reference to students’ own safety and that of their loved ones; the other concerns reported included the loss of learning opportunities and the perceived lack of technical knowledge and skills.

Conclusions

This survey offers a faithful overview of physiotherapy, nursing and occupational therapy students’ experience during the first pandemic wave. This study also identifies some key recommendations for healthcare professions’ education.
Assessment of Nomophobia and Loneliness in Rural Turkish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kılınç Ali , Çam Cüneyt , Ünsal Alaettin , Arslantas¸ Didem
Published: March 2023

Background:

Nomophobia, short for “no mobile phone phobia,” is defined as having an involuntary and unreasonable fear when the mobile device is unreachable or uncommunicable.

Aims:

The study aimed to evaluate nomophobia and loneliness levels of high school (HS) students from a rural region.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 5 and December 28, 2018, on 850 HS students in Sivrihisar, Eskis¸ehir, Turkey. Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman Correlation analysis, and Multiple Linear Regression were performed.

Results:

In the study group, 429 (50.5%) were female. Their ages ranged from 13 to 19, and their mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 15.66 (1.18) years. The mean score (SD) from NMP-Q was 54.92 (14.87), while the mean score (SD) from the UCLA loneliness scale was 13.95 (4.60). Multivariate analysis showed that being a female, having first smartphone use before the age of 13, having high daily smartphone usage, having a high frequency of checking phones, and having more friends on social media than in real life were associated with higher nomophobia levels (F = 28.424, P < .001, R² = 0.213). There was a positive weak correlation between nomophobia and loneliness levels (r = 0.353, P = .001). Conclusions: Factors such as phone usage habits and loneliness, which can be changed by providing education and creating appropriate environments in schools, are important determinants of nomophobia among HS students in rural areas, suggesting that interventions to combat nomophobia are possible.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Child Protective Services Reporting, Substantiation and Placement, With Comparison to Non-CPS Risks and Outcomes: 2005–2019
Authors: Drake Brett , Jones Dylan , Kim Hyunil , Gyourko John , Garcia Antonio , Barth Richard P. , Font Sarah A. , Putnam-Hornstein Emily , Duerr Berrick Jill , Greeson Johanna K. P. , Cook Victoria , Kohl Patricia L. , Jonson-Reid Melissa
Published: March 2023

We used National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System and Census data to examine Black–White and Hispanic–White disparities in reporting, substantiation, and out-of-home placement both descriptively from 2005–2019 and in multivariate models from 2007–2017. We also tracked contemporaneous social risk (e.g., child poverty) and child harm (e.g., infant mortality) disparities using non-child protective services (CPS) sources and compared them to CPS reporting rate disparities. Black–White CPS reporting disparities were lower than found in non-CPS risk and harm benchmarks. Consistent with the Hispanic paradox, Hispanic–White CPS reporting disparities were lower than risk disparities but similar to harm disparities. Descriptive and multivariate analyses of data from the past several years indicated that Black children were less likely to be substantiated or placed into out-of-home care following a report than White children. Hispanic children were slightly more likely to be substantiated or placed in out-of-home care than White children overall, but this difference disappeared in multivariate models. Available data provide no evidence that Black children were overreported relative to observed risks and harms reflected in non-CPS data. Reducing reporting rates among Black children will require addressing broader conditions associated with maltreatment.
Potential and Pitfalls: Settler Scholar Engagement in Indigenous Research
Authors: Panofsky Sarah , Hartwick Lisa , Buchanan Marla J.
Published: March 2023

This article explores the potential and pitfalls of approaching Indigenous research as settler scholars in an attempt to redress the intergenerational damage of colonization on Indigenous culture and to contribute to a process of healing. We consider Indigenous historical trauma and survivance, and their intersections with Western psychological models and Western research paradigms. We then work with the principles of Indigenous Storywork (Archibald, 2008) to consider our own complex engagement in Indigenous research to bring to light how a profound commitment to relational ways of knowing and being are required elements of culturally appropriate and culturally safe psychological research.
Hypophosphatemia related to the use of ibrutinib
Authors: Karadeniz Mine , Cinar Olgu Erkin , Erdogdu Batuhan , Malkan Umit Yavuz , Goker Hakan , Ozcebe Osman Ilhami
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKis) and Bruton's TKi (BTKis) constitute broadly used antitumor drug groups with almost completely tolerable and manageable side-effect profiles. Mainly side effects are cardiovascular and gastrointestinal for the TKi group. Hypophosphatemia is documented frequently in many studies with TKis but rarely mentioned with ibrutinib use up to the present.

Case report

A 61-year-old patient with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia had hypophosphatemia-related complaints and symptoms when ibrutinib use was preferred for his second relapse of the disease. After drug discontinuation, we started ibrutinib again with an alternating dose. We managed to control hypophosphatemia, and the patient has been following up for 2 years in remission status without any support or a second drug need.

Management and outcome

We have presented here a chronic lymphocytic leukemia case that developed mild–severe hypophosphatemia associated with ibrutinib use. By using an alternating dose of ibrutinib, we managed to control the disease and drug side effects.

Discussion

TKis and BTKis are widely in use for different indications. Hypophosphatemia is rare but it can cause drug discontinuation or change if it is not manageable. It is mentioned that hypophosphatemia can be seen due to a common group effect with the mechanism of causing secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal tubulopathy. In our case, we could explain the side effect of hypophosphatemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal tubulopathy. Prospective, large-group studies are needed to explain the hypophosphatemia and other side effects of ibrutinib and new BTKis in detail.
Risk of Breast Cancer Progression after Treatment in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ramadan Majed , Alsiary Rwiah , Alsaadoun Noor , Alhusseini Noara , Raihan Sajid Muhammad , Mohamed Hamed Noor , Ziad Arabi Tarek , Nedal Sabbah Belal
Published: March 2023

Background:

The risk of breast cancer progression is one of the most difficult factors to predict as it is studied in different populations, patient groups, or time frames, resulting in conflicting estimates of incidence rates reported in the literature. The purpose of this study is to identify predictive factors for breast cancer recurrences in a sample of the Middle Eastern population.

Methodology:

A cohort retrospective study included all eligible breast cancer patients at the National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA) Hospital in Jeddah, Western region, from 2015 to 2021. Our primary outcome was the progression status of the patients; we adjusted for demographic, clinical, and molecule characteristics of the population. From 2015 to 2021, there were 319 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate predictors of breast cancer progression.

Results:

One of five breast cancer patients had breast cancer progression (20.83%), while 66.15% of the progression patients were between the ages of 41–65. In multivariate analysis, age, progesterone receptor (PR), family history, and tumor size were significant predictors of breast cancer progression. The age group of 20–40 years was a protective predictor of breast cancer progression, patients in the young age group were less likely to be diagnosed with progression (OR = 0.35; CI = 0.15, 0.81). While negative PRs and tumor size greater than 2 cm were significant predictor factors of breast cancer progression (OR = 2.07; CI = 1.09, 3.91, OR = 2.02; CI = 1.9, 3.78).

Conclusion:

Although the effect of young age as a protective factor for the progression of breast cancer remains controversial, our study revealed that patients between 41 and 60 years of age had a higher rate of progression. Future larger prospective studies are needed to delineate the role of age and PR hormone receptors in determining the best treatment options for women with breast cancer in the Saudi population.
Role and Meaning of Public Space: Findings From the Margins of Milan
Authors: Grassi Paolo , Cognetti Francesca
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the meanings of the public space, specifically addressing urban marginalized areas. It explores the issue of inequality in relation to public space and how this is reflected in urban policies. Starting from a theoretical framework based on three heuristic dimensions regarding practices, imaginaries, and norms, the authors will analyze through a multidisciplinary approach—that brings planning and cultural anthropology into dialogue—three cases related to some resignification and re-appropriation dynamics within a neighborhood of social housing located in Milan. The three cases concern: a regeneration project of a road accomplished through an experimental municipal device; a recently renewed square located on the border of the neighborhood; the organization of a public event to clean up waste. The public space of San Siro will emerge as an arena where several social actors and their conflicting interests clash, thus affecting the everyday life of its residents and the possibilities for planning an inclusive city as a whole.
Protect and punish: norm linkage and international responses to mass atrocities
Authors: Fehl Caroline
Published: March 2023

Since being founded in 2002, the International Criminal Court has frequently intervened in ongoing conflicts and alongside other forms of coercive intervention, specifically sanctions and military measures. In this article, I argue that this pattern has been enabled by governments engaging in strategic norm linkage. To justify their positions on both judicial and non-judicial interventions, governments have discursively linked international prosecutions to the protection of civilians – in specific ways that have favoured joint judicial and non-judicial crisis responses. My argument, which I test through qualitative and quantitative content analyses of UN Security Council debates, contributes not only to debates on the politics of international criminal justice, but also to general theory-building on international norm dynamics. Adding to recent research on norm complexity and norm interactions, my study underlines and disaggregates the potential for discursive agency at the intersection of multiple international norms.
‘The teacher could correct me without being there’: Adapting distance education approaches to promote physical activity during lockdown
Authors: Derigny Thibaut , Schnitzler Christophe , Vors Olivier , Huchez Aurore , Gerard Tanguy , Mallet Séverine , Gandrieau Joseph , Potdevin François
Published: March 2023

Despite the impossibility of face-to-face teaching during the covid-19 pandemic lockdown, many physical education teachers used remote activity pedagogical monitoring (PM) to keep students engaged in physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to explore students’ experiences of remote PM practices during lockdown to engage in PA. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used, with a qualitative investigation (students’ experience of PM) informed by a quantitative investigation (relationship between PA and PM as a function of diligence). First, 644 French students (16.32 ± 1.01 years) participated in a longitudinal survey to collect retrospective data about their reported PA levels during a typical week before lockdown and four weeks after. A second step consisted of identifying clusters, based on how PA emerged in participants and diligence in PM. Five clusters were identified from which eight paragons accepted to be interviewed. Interviews were conducted with paragons from each cluster to understand their different lived experiences during PM. Results showed a significant decrease in PA during lockdown, with PM serving to limit the drop-out from PA. Positive experiences in PA engagement were associated with: (a) family and video support, (b) variety in the PA program, (c) requests for work, (d) provision of feedback, and (e) use of personalised training. Results are encouraging in terms of developing hybrid pedagogical practice which includes face-to-face activity and use of PM. Further research is needed to ensure these pedagogical principles lead to positive experiences of PA engagement at a distance.
A scoping review to inform the development of dementia care competencies
Authors: Kay Kelly , Metersky Kateryna , Smye Victoria , McGrath Colleen , Johnson Karen , Astell Arlene , Sun Winnie , Bartfay Emma
Published: March 2023

Health professionals and care partners of persons living with dementia have expressed that learning needs related to dementia care are a priority. There are currently a variety of training programs available in Ontario (Canada) to address aspects of dementia care, but no commonly accepted description of the core knowledge, skills, and abilities, (i.e., competencies) that should underpin dementia-related training and education in the province. The aim of this study was to review current evidence to inform the later development of competency statements describing the knowledge, skills and actions required for dementia care among care providers ranging from laypersons to health professionals. We also sought to validate existing dementia care principles and align new concepts to provide a useful organizing framework for future competency development. We distinguished between micro-, meso- and macro-level concepts to clarify the competencies required by individuals situated in different locations across the healthcare system, linking competency development in dementia care to broader system transformation. This review precedes the co-development of a holistic competency framework to guide approaches to dementia care training in Ontario.
The effect of pre-microwave irradiation on the floatation of polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinylchloride using numerous traditional depressants
Authors: Pakbar Hakimeh , Ostad Movahed Saeed , Jourabchi Shahab
Published: March 2023

The absence of an effective technique for separation of an individual plastic from a mixture of plastics, is one of the most important concern in plastics waste management. The recently introduced floatation technique used to separate the selected engineering plastics including, polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinylchloride (PVC) from each other. The floatation was assisted by using the traditional depressants (chemical agents). The effects of plastics surface pre-microwave irradiation at different microwave output powers, 20–100% studied on the floatation of each plastic. Also, the effect of depressant concentration, 400–2000 mg/L on the plastics floatation was evaluated. The results showed the pre-microwave irradiation of the plastics surface at different microwave output powers and depressant concentrations had important influence on the sink-float behavior of the studied plastics with the exception of PET. It seemed, the number and type of the active sites on the plastics surface changed after microwave irradiation. There was not any regular trend for the floatability of a plastic with increasing the microwave output power. The results reinforced by the traditional identification techniques including contact angle (θ) measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra analysis. The driven equations by a design of experiment software (Design-Expert ®) showed suitable conformity between the predicted and actual plastics flotation values.
Introducing Variability Into the Word Learning of Adults
Authors: Saletta Fitzgibbons Meredith , Stein Amy Buros
Published: March 2023

We inquired whether introducing variability into a word-learning task would facilitate, inhibit, or have a neutral effect on adults’ speech production and language learning. Twenty young adults from the U.S. Midwest with typical development participated. They repeated four novel words 10 times sequentially (blocked practice) and another four novel words 10 times in a mixed order (varied practice). We compared participants’ speech production and language learning in the blocked practice and varied practice conditions. We also repeated the language-learning probes after a period of consolidation. In comparison with the blocked practice condition, a varied practice schedule did not improve speech production, short-term language learning, or long-term language learning. Introducing variability into this word-learning task had a neutral effect on young adults’ speech production and language learning. Further research is necessary to determine how to apply these concepts to teaching word-learning strategies to children or adults with typical or atypical development.
Cancer Research Line (CAREL): Development of Expanded Distributed Research Networks for Prostate Cancer and Lung Cancer
Authors: Park Jihwan , Lee Ji Youl , Moon Mi Hyoung , Park Yong Hyun , Rho Mi Jung
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Big data-based multicenter medical research is expected to bring significant advances to cancer treatment worldwide. However, there are concerns related to data sharing among multicenter networks. Clinical data can be shielded by firewalls using distributed research networks (DRNs). We attempted to develop DRNs for multicenter research that can be easily installed and used by any institution. Patients and Methods: We propose a DRN for multicenter cancer research called the cancer research line (CAREL) and present a data catalog based on a common data model (CDM). CAREL was validated using 1723 patients with prostate cancer and 14 990 patients with lung cancer in a retrospective study. We used the attribute-value pairs and array data type JavaScript object notation (JSON) format to interface third-party security solutions such as blockchain. Results: We developed visualized data catalogs of prostate and lung cancer based on the observational medical outcomes partnership (OMOP) CDM, from which researchers can easily browse and select relevant data. We made the CAREL source code readily available for download and application for relevant purposes. In addition, it is possible to realize a multicenter research network using CAREL development sources. Conclusion: CAREL source can enable medical institutions to participate in multicenter cancer research. Our technology is open source, so small institutions that cannot afford to spend high costs can use it to develop a platform for multicenter research.
ReRNet: A Deep Learning Network for Classifying Blood Cells
Authors: Zhu Ziquan , Wang Shui-Hua , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: March 2023

Aims

Blood cell classification helps detect various diseases. However, the current classification model of blood cells cannot always get great results. A network that automatically classifies blood cells can provide doctors with data as one of the criteria for diagnosing patients’ disease types and severity. If doctors diagnose blood cells, doctors could spend lots of time on the diagnosis. The diagnosis progress is very tedious. Doctors can make some mistakes when they feel tired. On the other hand, different doctors may have different points on the same patient.

Methods

We propose a ResNet50-based ensemble of randomized neural networks (ReRNet) for blood cell classification. ResNet50 is used as the backbone model for feature extraction. The extracted features are fed to 3 randomized neural networks (RNNs): Schmidt neural network, extreme learning machine, and dRVFL. The outputs of the ReRNet are the ensemble of these 3 RNNs based on the majority voting mechanism. The 5 × 5-fold cross-validation is applied to validate the proposed network.

Results

The average-accuracy, average-sensitivity, average-precision, and average-F1-score are 99.97%, 99.96%, 99.98%, and 99.97%, respectively.

Conclusions

The ReRNet is compared with 4 state-of-the-art methods and achieves the best classification performance. The ReRNet is an effective method for blood cell classification based on these results.
An Electric Light Orchestra in the Brain: Optogenetics for Controlling Seizures via Modulation of Astrocyte Activity
Authors: Eyal Sara
Published: March 2023

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From Predominantly White to Hispanic-Serving: Latinx Student Experiences on a Campus in Transition
Authors: Velez Gabriel , Black Jacqueline , López Saúl , D’Anna-Hernandez Kimberly
Published: March 2023

This study utilized focus groups with Latinx students at a private, Midwestern university to explore the complexities inherent in the process of becoming a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). The purpose of the study was: (a) to better understand Latinx students’ experiences at an “emerging” HSI, and (b) to understand how students understand an institutional journey toward the HSI designation. Findings point toward the value in exploring the Latinx student experience and perspective on HSI initiatives.
Effects of Intensive Versus Distributed Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Quasi-Randomized Trial
Authors: Wang Tien-Ni , Liang Kai-Jie , Liu Yi-Chia , Shieh Jeng-Yi , Chen Hao-Ling
Published: March 2023

Background

Previous studies have compared the effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) by different training doses. However, whether the dosing schedule, that is, intensive or distributed, influences the effectiveness of CIMT in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) is unknown.

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of intensive and distributed CIMT for children with unilateral CP.

Methods

Fifty children with unilateral CP were assigned to intensive or distributed CIMT group with a total of 36 training hours. The intensive CIMT was delivered within 1 week, and the distributed CIMT was delivered twice a week for 8 weeks. The outcomes were the Melbourne Assessment 2, Box and Block Test, Pediatric Motor Activity Log-Revised (PMAL-R), Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency 2, ABILHAND-Kids and Parenting Stress Index—Short Form. The intensive group was assessed at the initiation of treatment (week 0), at the end of 1 week treatment (week 1), and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment (week 8). The distributed group was assessed at week 0 and week 8.

Results

The within-group analyses demonstrated significant differences on all motor outcomes. There were no significant between-group differences at post-treatment, while the intensive CIMT demonstrated larger improvements than the distributed CIMT did on quality of use of the more-affected hand, as rated by parents on the PMAL-R at week 8.

Conclusions

The 2 dosing schedules of CIMT had similar effectiveness for children with unilateral CP. The intensive CIMT yielded additional improvement on parent rated motor quality of the more-affected hand at 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03128385)