bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
67.1: Reactive Mesogen Stabilized Azodye Alignment for High‐Contrast Displays
Authors: Finnemeyer Valerie , Bryant Doug , Bos Philip
Published: July 2015

Azodye alignment has been demonstrated to be nearly ideal for
high contrast, multidomain displays. It has high anchoring
energy, microscopic uniformity, low processing temperature and
cost, and allows for simple patterning. Unfortunately, it lacks
light stability. We demonstrate uniform, stable azodye alignment
that provides a very high contrast ratio device.
53.3: Invited Paper: Creating a Compelling Touch Experience
Authors: Sampanes Chad , Segalman Iva , Olien Neil
Published: July 2015

Touchscreen car infotainment systems now offer a larger variety and a more complex set of use cases than ever. Haptics have the potential to improve safety, utility, and user experience of these touch‐based systems. This paper will cover some haptic design considerations and discuss how to create compelling haptic experiences in a touchscreen infotainment system.
54.2: A Novel Flat‐Type Transparent Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Wei , Liao Yi‐Yang , Tseng Bo‐Shiang , Lin Ching‐Huan , Lai Yi‐Hsiang , Chuang Chin‐Tang , Yeh Cheng‐Nan , Sugiura Norio
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a novel transparent light guide has been developed. Concave microstructures with partially random distribution were designed to reflect incident light and prevent moiré issue. Furthermore, a 12.1‐inch RGBW LCD was combined with the transparent light guide to demonstrate the transparent tablet scenario.
55.1 Invited Paper: Liquid Crystals for Smart Antennas and Other Microwave Applications
Authors: Wittek Michael , Fritzsch Carsten , Canisius Johannes
Published: July 2015

Liquid Crystal mixtures to be used in microwave components operated at frequency ranges from 10 up to 100 GHz have been developed. In this frequency range they exhibit high tuning ranges and relatively low dielectric losses. They exhibit a very broad nematic phase, ranging from as low as ‐40 up to 120°C and more and relatively high polarity to ensure acceptable driving voltages to be used in planar LC‐based smart antenna devices.
17.3: D‐CIELAB: A Color Metric For Dichromatic Observers
Authors: Jiang Haomiao , Wandell Brian A. , Farrella Joyce E.
Published: July 2015

A color metric for dichromatic subjects is proposed and evaluated empirically. The color metric extends the widely used CIELAB color difference metric, an international standard for trichromatic observers. The dichromatic extension (D‐CIELAB) is implemented by specifying a linear transformation that maps the two types of cone absorptions in dichromats to the three types of cone absorptions in trichromats and then applies the standard CIELAB color metric to these values. The linear mapping is derived from between‐eye color‐matches of observers who are dichromatic in one eye and trichromatic in the other eye. We evaluate the accuracy of the D‐CIELAB metric by predicting and measuring color discrimination thresholds for two dichromatic observers.
70.1: High‐Resolution OLED Display with the World's Lowest Level of Power Consumption Using Blue/Yellow Tandem Structure and RGBY Subpixels
Authors: Yamaoka Ryohei , Sasaki Toshiki , Kataishi Riho , Miyairi Noriko , Kusunoki Koji , Kaneyasu Makoto , Miyake Hiroyuki , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Ono Koji , Cho Takayuki , Mori Hidenori
Published: July 2015

A top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a a microcavity structure combined with a blue/yellow tandem structure was developed. A high‐resolution active‐matrix OLED display with the world's lowest level of power consumption using the tandem OLED with red, green, blue, and yellow subpixels was fabricated.
58.1: A Study of Adaptive Temporal Aperture Control for OLED Displays with Motion Vector
Authors: Usui Takenobu , Sato Hiroto , Takano Yoshimichi , Ishii Keiji , Yamamoto Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

For longer lifetime and better motion image quality of OLED displays, we previously proposed an adaptive temporal aperture control method. However, image quality degradation results due to the difference in temporal aperture in a frame. Hence, we propose three methods of inserting a transition area to gradually change the temporal aperture by each horizontal line and evaluated the effect of suppressing image quality degradation by using simulated images when the proposed methods are applied.
28.1: Invited Paper: Triplet‐Energy Control of PAHs by Heteroatom Incorporation for Development of Efficient Materials for PHOLEDs
Authors: Hatakeyama Takuji , Ikuta Toshiaki , Shiren Kazushi , Hashimoto Sigma , Nakatsuka Soichiro , Hirai Hiroki , Nakajima Kiichi , Ni Jingping , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: July 2015

The triplet‐energy control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was achieved by heteroatom incorporation. For instance, 4b‐aza‐12b‐boradibenzo[g,p]chrysene showed a much larger ET value than the corresponding PAH, dibenzo[g,p]chrysene, and enable us to built phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) of high performance. We have also synthesized a variety of heteroatom‐incorporated polycyclic aromatics with a large ET value, which improved not only efficiency of PHOLED but also lifetime.
70.4: A 2.78‐in 1058‐ppi Ultra‐High‐Resolution OLED Display using CAAC‐OS FETs
Authors: Yokoyama Kohei , Hirasa Shinichi , Miyairi Noriko , Jimbo Yasuhiro , Toyotaka Kouhei , Kaneyasu Makoto , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakada Masataka , Sato Takahiro , Goto Naoto
Published: July 2015

Using a WTC OLED device and a backplane using CAAC‐OS FETs over a glass substrate employing the 1.5 µm rule, we fabricated a 2.78‐in 1058‐ppi OLED display, the pixel density of which is the highest in the world among displays using thin film transistors over a glass substrate.
59.2: Highly‐Stable and Transparent Oxide TFTs for Rollable Displays
Authors: Mativenga Mallory , Li Xiulin , Um Jaegwang , Geng Di , Jin Seonghyun , Jang Jin
Published: July 2015

Highly‐stable oxide thin‐film transistors (TFT) circuits with visiblelight transmittance of ~70% and rollable to cylinders with radius of 2 mm are demonstrated on solution‐processed colorless‐polyimide. Carrier glass and a special de‐bonding layer are used during fabrication. Stable TFT and circuit performance are achieved under positive‐bias and mechanical bending stress.
59.3: Functional Transparent Coatings for Displays
Authors: Lu Songwei
Published: July 2015

Optical functional coatings of both easy‐to‐clean coatings and antiglare coatings have been spray deposited on pre‐treated glass surface followed by a low temperature curing at 150°C. Easy‐toclean EC coatings have excellent steel wool wear durability and low COF of = 0.03. Anti‐glare AG201 coatings have tunable gloss value between 50 to 100 GU, pencil hardness =8H, and no sparkling issue.
71.3: Quantification of Water Penetration and Degradation through Adhesives Applicable to Flexible OLED Design
Authors: Ohzu Yoshiko , Takahagi Hisashi , Uehigashi Atsushi , Kubota Hirofumi , Sugimoto Akira , Ohata Hiroshi , Suzuki Akira , Hara Shigeki , Tanamura Mitsuru , Minakata Takashi , Kimura Masayuki , Ibaraki Nobuki , Tomiyasu Hiroshi , Tsutsui Tetsuo , Murata Hideyuki
Published: July 2015

A reliable evaluation method applicable to flexible OLEDs is developed to quantify water penetration from an adhesive edge face. The adhesive's apparent water diffusion coefficient obtained by this method provides the water penetration time and elucidates the pathway. Moreover, the proposed method can predict the start time of degradation.
72.2: Development and Analysis of Technical Challenges in the World's Largest (110‐in.) Curved LCD
Authors: Hsiao Ken , Tang Guofu , Yu Gang , Zhang Zuwei , Xu Xiaojie , Zhang Pangling , Lv Chengling , Lien Alan
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we utilize simulation to estimate the shift value in the panel. Topology optimization is applied to improve the design of aluminum extrusion and lighten the weight of the product. Moreover, optical optimization of LED with lens is carried out to diminish the thickness of the curved display.
60.3L: Late‐News Paper: Algorithm for Recognizing Pinch Gestures on Surface‐Capacitive Touch Screens
Authors: Yanase Jiro , Takatori Kenichi , Asada Hideki
Published: July 2015

Pinch gestures for scaling an image were recognized successfully on a surface‐capacitive touch screen that has only a single‐touch function without increasing manufacturing cost. An algorithm for recognizing the gestures was developed, which calculates the distance between two touching points without detecting each position of the two points.
61.1: Variable Lens‐Pitch LC GRIN Lens for Adapting 3D Viewing Angle
Authors: Takagi Ayako , Uehara Shinichi , Kashiwagi Masako , Kizu Yuko , Baba Masahiro
Published: July 2015

For adapting 3D viewing angle to two viewing modes, wider for multi‐user and narrower for personal, an electrode design of LC GRIN lens is proposed. Essential electrodes of narrow‐pitch non‐Fresnel lens and wide‐pitch Fresnel lens are extracted as minimum electrode set, and arranged symmetrically. We developed 15‐inch 2D/3D display successfully.
72.5L: Late‐News Paper: Development of a Novel Wide‐ Gamut 8K 120Hz LCD Complying with ITU‐R BT.2020
Authors: Kumakura Takeshi , Yoshida Shigeto , Tomiyoshi Akira , Fujine Toshiyuki , Yoshida Yasuhiro
Published: July 2015

We have successfully developed an 8K display with 120Hz frame rate, 12bit each RGB. The wide gamut has been expanded over 85% coverage ratio of ITU‐R BT2020. Furthermore, the input interface has been upgraded to single optical fiber cable of 256Gbps which is capable to transmit 8K/120Hz video.
61.2: Dependence of Optical Power of LC lens on Cell Gap
Authors: Bao Rui , Mai Huafu , Zhang Guoxian , Ye Mao
Published: July 2015

Optical powers and RMS aberrations of the LC lens with different cell gap are studied. With increasing cell gap, the LC lens exhibits similar relation between the optical power and the driving voltage, and the RMS aberrations increase with optical power. The maximum optical power of the LC lens within the aberration level of 0.07 wave and the corresponding driving voltage are nearly proportional to the cell gap.
61.3: Ultra‐Compact Non‐Mechanical Zoom Lens for Enhanced Machine Vision and Computer Input Applications
Authors: Gao Kun , Cheng Hsien‐Hui , Bhowmik Achintya , McGinty Colin , Bos Philip
Published: July 2015

A new design for an ultra‐compact non‐mechanical zoom lens for use with a camera as an enhanced computer input device is presented. The device is based on polarization‐dependent Pancharatnam phase lenses and a polarization rotator. A demonstration device is shown with a 4x zoom ratio.
62.2: Invited Paper: LED Life Versus LED System Life
Authors: Narendran Nadarajah , Liu Yi‐wei
Published: July 2015

The useful life of an LED is presently determined by the IESNA LM80‐08 lumen maintenance standard. Even though an LED system has many components, the current industry practice rates LED system lifetime based on a single component, namely, the LED. LED system life is one of the least understood parameters, especially in application environments. As a result, any lifetime claim for a complete LED lighting system, such as a lamp or luminaire, is a guess. This paper describes an accelerated life test of an LED system to predict the lifetime at any given environment temperature and system use (ON‐OFF) pattern.
62.3: Invited Paper: Speckle Contrast Reduction in a Blue‐LD Pumped Micro‐Vibrated‐Reflective Phosphor Paper for Lighting Source Applications
Authors: Tu Shih‐Yu , Lin Hoang Yan , Lee Tsung‐Xian
Published: July 2015

We have demonstrated efficient speckle reduction techniques by using both micro‐vibrated and mixing light methods for solid‐state backlighting source applications. A micro‐vibrated‐reflectivephosphor paper is used for speckle suppression and white light generation. A mixing speckle contrast (SC) is defined, and the almost speckle‐free results are achieved.
30.2: Color Holographic Projection Based on Liquid Lens
Authors: Wang Di , Li Fang‐Zhuan , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Zhou Xin
Published: July 2015

We propose a color holographic projection based on a liquid lens. Color reconstruction is realized by using time division method. By controlling the focal length of the liquid lens, three color reconstructed images can be displayed in the same position without chromatic aberration. The experimental results verify its feasibility and it has wide applications in imaging systems and color holographic displays.
62.4: PFS, K2SiF6:Mn4+: the Red‐line Emitting LED Phosphor behind GE's TriGain Technology™ Platform
Authors: Murphy James E. , Garcia‐Santamaria Florencio , Setlur Anant A. , Sista Srinivas
Published: July 2015

The red‐line emission of PFS, K2SiF6:Mn4+, phosphor centered at 631 nm results in phosphor converted LED package efficacy improvements of >10% relative to packages using conventional Eu2% doped nitride broad‐band red‐emitting phosphors. Improvements in absorption, quantum efficiency and stability under high humidity and high light flux will be presented that have resulted in commercialization of this material under GE TriGain™ Technology.
73.2: A Novel TFT Pixel and Driving Scheme of Electrically‐ Suppressed‐Helix FLC for Active Matrix Flat Panel Display
Authors: Ho Tsz Kin , Tseng Man Chun , Srivastava Abhishek , Zhou Wei , Lei Lei , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2015

By recent progress in electrically suppressed helix (ESH) ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mode, a novel pixel design employing pulse width modulated (PWM) grayscale scheme, focusing on TFT flat panel display applications is proposed. Such design has a 3T1C structure, which is compact enough to preserve reasonable pixel aperture in practice. Incorporating an innovative driving scheme, the proposed architecture successfully demonstrates a fully digital and TFT compatible AMFLC pixel architecture, possessing uniform and continuous grayscale. This invention is essential in obtaining ultra‐fast high quality liquid crystal displays, and particularly useful for field‐sequential‐color direct‐view flat‐panel display.
73.3: Elimination of Image Flicker in a FFS Panel under Low Frequency Driving
Authors: Kim Jung‐Wook , Choi Tae‐Hoon , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Choi E‐Joon , Lee Ji‐Hoon
Published: July 2015

We present a method to eliminate the image flicker effect in a fringe‐field switching liquid crystal display by doping a small amount of bent‐core liquid crystal (BLC) molecules. We found that, by adding 2.0 wt% of BLC, the transmittance during positive and negative frames could be balanced and the image flicker was eliminated. At the same time, both the transmittance and response time were also improved.
63.3: Fabrication of 8k4k Organic EL Panel using High‐Mobility IGZO Material
Authors: Okazaki Kenichi , Kanemura Hiroshi , Kurosaki Daisuke , Shima Yukinori , Koezuka Junichi , Kawashima Susumu , Shiokawa Masataka , Miyake Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2015

A 13.3‐inch 8k4k OLED display using an oxide semiconductor with high‐mobility IGZO material was fabricated. It was found that the use of a higher mobility material can decrease the size and power consumption of a gate driver. Furthermore, a stack of such oxide semiconductor layers can increase process stability.
31.2: Low Dielectric Constant Materials for High Performance LCDs
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Peng Fenglin , Wu Shin‐Tson , Hu Minggang , Li Jian , An Zhongwei , Li Ming‐Chun , Lee Seok‐Lyul , Tsai Weng‐Ching
Published: July 2015

A small |Δε| LC mixture exhibits an ultra‐low viscosity, low activation energy, and high transmittance yet at a reasonably low voltage. Its response time remains 42 ms even at −20°C. These materials are attractive for fringing field switching‐based mobile displays, IPS‐based 4K2K TVs, and MTN‐based wearable LCoS projection displays.
63.4: High‐Performance 4K x 2K 65‐in. TV with BCE‐Type Oxide TFTs
Authors: Yeh Bo-Liang , Lin Chun-Nan
Published: July 2015

This paper investigated the 4k2k of 65‐inch TV with oxide TFT performances. The abnormal subthreshold leakage current at high temperature results from active layer bulk, and GI/active layer interface. Finally, it is specific for the Vt shift (‐1V) of devices with color‐materials as a passivation layer under NBIS.
74.4: Invited Paper: What Lies Beyond Multitouch?
Authors: Harrison Chris
Published: July 2015

Seven years ago, multi‐touch devices went mainstream, and changed the industry and our lives. In that time, mobile devices have gotten much more capable, yet the core user experience has evolved little. Contemporary touch gestures rely on poking screens with different numbers of fingers: one‐finger tap, two‐finger pinch, three‐finger swipe and so on. We often label these as “natural” interactions, yet the only place I perform these “gestures” is on my touchscreen device. We are also too quick to blame the “fat finger” problem for much of our touch interface woes — if a zipper or pen were too small to use, we would simply call that “bad design”. Fortunately, our fingers and hands are amazing, and with good technology and design, we can elevate touch interaction to new heights. I believe the era of multi‐touch is coming to a close, and that we are on the eve of an exciting new age of “rich‐touch” devices and experiences.
34.1: Invited Paper: Effect of Singlet Triplet Recycling in the Charge Transfer State Manifold and Molecular Geometry on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Dias Fernando B. , Graves David , Jankus Vygintas , Monkman Andrew P.
Published: July 2015

Detailed photophysical measurements of intramolecular charge transfer states have been made both in solution and solid state. Temperature dependent emission and delayed emission are used to map the energy levels involved in molecule decay, and through detailed kinetic modeling of the thermally activated processes observed, true electron exchange energies, and energy barrier for reverse intersystem crossing of the systems determined. From this it is possible to simply determine many rate constants for the TADF mechanism and the magnitude of triplet contribution to overall emission.
18.1: Invited Paper: Flexibility Improvement of Foldable AMOLED with Touch Panel
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Chung , Ho Jia‐Chong , Chen Glory , Yeh Ming‐Hua , Chen Janglin
Published: July 2015

The Flexible Universal Plane (FlexUP) technology was demonstrated with Polyimide (PI) substrate and a novel debonding method. Low Temperature Poly Silicon (LTPS) TFTs and OLEDs were developed along with the FlexUP technology, aiming to realize the foldability of AMOLED. With foldable AMOLED, the toughest challenge lies in the folding area with highly concentrated stress and fatigue which, when left unmanaged, will cause the product to fail. We have proposed several approaches to overcome these issues and have successfully demonstrated foldable AMOLED with touch panel modules at 5mm folding radius.
35.1: Distinguished Paper: Auto‐Calibration for Screen Correction and Point Cloud Generation
Authors: Deglint Jason , Cameron Andrew , Scharfenberger Christian , Lamm Mark , Wong Alexander , Clausi David
Published: July 2015

Showing a checkerboard at different poses for camera projector calibration is impractical for large scale applications such as projection mapping onto buildings. We use an automatic calibration technique that projects Gray code structured light patterns, which, extracted by the camera, build a dense correspondence for calibration. Two applications benefit from automatic calibration: 3D model generation and screen correction.
18.3: An 8.67‐in. Foldable OLED Display with an In‐cell Touch Sensor
Authors: Watanabe Kazunori , Iwaki Yuji , Uchida Yutaka , Nakamura Daiki , Ikeda Hisao , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Katayama Masahiro , Cho Takayuki
Published: July 2015

An 8.67‐inch foldable OLED display with an in‐cell touch sensor, in which metal‐mesh sensor electrodes are formed in a counter substrate of the display, is fabricated. The OLED display demonstrates normal operation after 105 folding operation with 5 mm as the radius of curvature.
19.2: Distinguished Student Paper: Compensation of OLED I‐V‐Drift for Suppressing Image Sticking in A Digital AMOLED Display Module
Authors: Volkert Pascal , Xu Chihao
Published: July 2015

A novel method for compensating image sticking artifacts in a digitally driven AMOLED‐display is presented. It analyzes the nonuniform pixel current distribution. With a specific algorithm, the input image data are accordingly manipulated so that image sticking is effectively suppressed. First evaluation results confirm the feasibility of compensation of OLED I‐V‐drift. With this, digitally driven AMOLED may reach a lifetime similar to analog driving technology.
I3.2: Invited Paper: A Multiview 3D Holochat System
Authors: Hu Si Ying , Baldwin James , Niederberger Armand , Fattal David
Published: July 2015

We present a lightweight holographic video chat system relying on a cheap camera array to stream full parallax 64‐view 3D content live onto a mobile holographic display by LEIA Inc. The system auto‐calibrates the camera views to a simple target and is suitable for real‐time communication over a peer‐to‐peer network. The zoom level and focal (zero‐disparity) plane location of the system can be adjusted in software and the depth of field can be adjusted by simple modification of the camera baseline.
37.2: High Performance Blue Phase Liquid Crystals Stabilized by Linear Photopolymers
Authors: Xu Daming , Yuan Jiamin , Schadt Martin , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: July 2015

We experimentally demonstrated an in‐plane switching (IPS) BPLC stabilized by linear photo‐polymerization (LPP) for the first time. The LPP‐process helps reduce response time by 2X and suppress hysteresis from 6.95% to 0.36%. It plays an important role to guide future BPLC material and device development as well as manufacturing process.
21.3: A Novel 5‐Mask Etch‐Stopper Pixel Structure with A Short Channel Oxide Semiconductor TFT
Authors: Yang Joon‐Young , Jung Sung‐Hoon , Woo Chang‐Seung , Lee Ju‐Yun , Jun Myungchul , Kang In‐Byeong , Park Jung‐Ho
Published: July 2015

In order to solve the main issues of etch‐stopper (ES) pixel structure (mask steps, parasitic capacitance Cgs, TFT channel length) in a‐IGZO pixel structure of AMLED, new 5‐mask ES a‐IGZO pixel structure was investigated. TFT channel length of 5 µm could be achieved by self‐aligned damage preventing layer. We could achieve good characteristics and reliability of short‐channel‐length (under 5 µm) ES TFTs. And also Cgs could be reduced more than 30%.
Study on Apparent Viscosity of Foam and Droplet Movement Using a Cold Model
Authors: Martinsson Johan , Sichen Du
Published: July 2015

The apparent viscosities of foams generated by passing argon through silicone oil are measured. The foams are found to be non‐Newtonian flows having apparent viscosities 4–5 times higher than the dynamic viscosity of the origin fluid. The movements of different particles and droplets and their residence times are studied. The measured average velocities of the particles/droplets are substantially lower than the values estimated based on the dynamic viscosities. For both mechanical and gas stirrings, the flows of the foam are very different from pure liquid. The movement of the bar and stirring gas bubbles only pushes a limited number of bubbles which are very close to them to move. No bulk flow as in pure liquid is generated by the stirring.
Strychnine as Target, Samarium Diiodide as Tool: A Personal Story
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: July 2015

Strychnine stands out from the group of classical natural products as one of the first complex compounds to be isolated in pure form and an extreme challenge to be structurally characterized. It has played a central role in natural product total syntheses and the surge in the development of innovative synthetic methods for many decades. Recently, we have accomplished one of the shortest formal total syntheses of strychnine (in ten steps and 14% overall yield or even shorter in eight steps and 10% overall yield). The evolution of a productive synthetic strategy, as well as the synthetic challenges tackled, are described here in detail, including examples of related transformations. The successful synthetic strategy was inspired by the premise that the core structure could be derived from simple aromatic indole precursors by a reductive SmI2‐induced ketyl–aryl coupling. Other key reactions included a diastereoselective reduction and a regioselective elimination protocol. Altogether one of the shortest syntheses of iso‐strychnine and hence of strychnine was established.
Preparation of polypropylene/glass fiber composite with high performance through interfacial crystallization
Authors: Chen Yichuan , Wen Xinyu , Nie Min , Wang Qi
Published: July 2015

This paper reported an approach to improve the interaction between glass fiber (GF) and polypropylene (PP) through interfacial crystallization. The experimental results showed that polar nucleating agents had strong interaction with GF and tended to deposit on the surface of GF through the dip‐coating method. Since the nucleating agents had good lattice matching with PP, the modified GF could promote the interfacial crystallization of PP to increase the interfacial interaction between GF and PP and improve the performance of PP/GF composites. However, at high processing temperature, the nucleating agents dissolved into the polymer melts, and the nucleation on the GF surface for PP crystallization decreased, impairing the interface compatibility and the final performance of the PP/GF composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:284–289, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Loi et règles dans l'essai en vue de résoudre un problème de la doctrine des chances de thomas bayes
Authors: Cléro Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2015

Dans un contexte de désenchantement à l'égard de la physique de Newton dont la puissance avait sidéré les savants de son temps et qui paraîtra, au fil du XVIIIe siècle, de plus en plus défectueuse, I' Essai de Bayes structure une idée de la cause minimaliste: des événements repérables, que l'on puisse traiter comme semblables, en rapport de subséquence, et de telle sorte que l'on puisse évaluer les chances d'avoir raison quand on avance une thèse qui prend l'initiative d'organiser ces associations d'événements, sans s'inquiéter de savoir si leur liaison est nécessaire ou pas. li semble que se met en place dans le principe une façon probabiliste d'envisager la science qui sera celle de Laplace, même s'il se trompe sur le sens de la règle de Bayes, et encore celle de Stuart Mill dans son Système de logique. Loin d'être seulement négative et critique, la conception bayesienne des probabilités a pu trouver une positivité à travers la théorie des jeux.
Path dependence and the stabilization of strategic premises: how the funeral industry buries itself
Authors: Wenzel Matthias
Published: July 2015

Several studies have shown that path-dependent organizations may pathologically reproduce their paths even in times of crisis. The unchallenged retention of underlying strategic premises seems to play a key role in this self-destructive process. Whereas the previous literature largely assumes that organizational crises provide sufficient impetus for updating strategic premises, recent empirical studies have highlighted that path-dependent organizations may find this highly difficult. In the present study, I explore how path-dependent organizations stabilize strategic premises even in times of crisis. Drawing on a case study of the funeral industry, I theoretically distill four mechanisms that stabilize strategic premises in path-dependent organizations despite the fierce pressures of organizational crises. While these mechanisms constitute either reflexive modes of processing feedback or generative modes of producing market outcomes, they all inhibit a disconfirmation and, thus, an update of strategic premises. Furthermore, the study presents indicative evidence of how this unchallenged retention of strategic premises leads to the pathological reproduction of the path.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of the mouse brain mu‐opioid (MOP) receptor
Authors: Moulédous Lionel , Froment Carine , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Schulz Stefan , Mollereau Catherine
Published: July 2015

Many in vitro data have shown that the efficacy of several opioid drugs is correlated with differential mu‐opioid (MOP) receptor phosphorylation. Label‐free semiquantitative on‐line nanoflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC–MS/MS) analyses were performed to compare the endogenous MOP receptor phosphorylation patterns of mice administered with morphine, etonitazene and fentanyl. The analysis identified S363, T370 and S375 as phosphorylated residues in the carboxy‐terminus. Only T370 and S375 were regulated by agonists, with a higher propensity to promote double phosphorylation for high efficacy agonists. Our study provides confirmation that differential agonist‐driven multi‐site phosphorylation of MOP receptor occurs in vivo and validate the use of MS to study endogenous GPCR phosphorylation.
Spontaneous Iliopsoas Tendon Rupture: An Uncommon Cause of Hip Pain in Elderly Patients
Authors: Emam Mohammed , Farmakidis Constantine , Lee Se Won , Wainapel Stanley F.
Published: July 2015

Iliopsoas tendon rupture is a relatively rare cause of hip pain. It has been described in children, in adults with pathologic avulsion secondary to metastatic disease, and in older individuals with multiple chronic illnesses. We are reporting a case of apparently spontaneous iliopsoas tendon rupture that occurred in an elderly patient presenting with severe debilitating hip pain whose etiology initially was unrecognized. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering iliopsoas tear in the differential diagnosis of unexplained acute onset hip pain and illustrates that geriatric patients with this condition can be treated conservatively with satisfactory functional outcome.
Patterns and Predictors of Primary Mental Health Service Use Following Bushfire and Flood Disasters
Authors: Reifels Lennart , Bassilios Bridget , Spittal Matthew J. , King Kylie , Fletcher Justine , Pirkis Jane
Published: July 2015

Objective

To examine patterns and predictors of primary mental health care service use following 2 major Australian natural disaster events.

Methods

Utilizing data from a national minimum dataset, descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to identify levels and predictors of the use of the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program over a 2-year period following 2 major Australian bushfire and flood/cyclone disasters.

Results

The bushfire disaster resulted in significantly greater and more enduring ATAPS service volume, while service delivery for both disasters peaked in the third quarter. Consumers affected by bushfires (IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.89), diagnosed with depression (IRR 2.57, 95% CI 1.60-4.14), anxiety (IRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.21-3.49), or both disorders (IRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.35-3.42) utilized treatment at higher rates.

Conclusions

The substantial demand for primary mental health care services following major natural disasters can vary in magnitude and trajectory with disaster type. Disaster-specific ATAPS services provide a promising model to cater for this demand in primary care settings. Disaster type and need-based variables as drivers of ATAPS use intensity indicate an equitable level of service use in line with the program intention. Established service usage patterns can assist with estimating capacity requirements in similar disaster circumstances. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:275-282)
Stressful life events and leukocyte telomere attrition in adulthood: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: van Ockenburg S. L. , Bos E. H. , de Jonge P. , van der Harst P. , Gans R. O. B. , Rosmalen J. G. M.
Published: July 2015

Background.

Telomere attrition might be one of the mechanisms through which psychosocial stress leads to somatic disease. To date it is unknown if exposure to adverse life events in adulthood is associated with telomere shortening prospectively. In the current study we investigated whether life events are associated with shortening of telomere length (TL).

Method.

Participants were 1094 adults (mean age 53.1, range 33–79 years) from the PREVEND cohort. Data were collected at baseline (T1) and at two follow-up visits after 4 years (T2) and 6 years (T3). Life events were assessed with an adjusted version of the List of Threatening Events (LTE). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR at T1, T2, and T3. A linear mixed model was used to assess the effect of recent life events on TL prospectively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess whether the lifetime life events score or the score of life events experienced before the age of 12 predicted TL cross-sectionally. All final models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, presence of chronic diseases, frequency of sports, smoking status, and level of education.

Results.

Recent life events significantly predicted telomere attrition prospectively (B= −0.031,p= 0.007). We were not able to demonstrate a significant cross-sectional relationship between the lifetime LTE score and TL. Nor did we find exposure to adverse life events before the age of 12 to be associated with TL in adulthood.

Conclusions.

Exposure to recent adverse life events in adulthood is associated with telomere attrition prospectively.
Individual differences in rumination in healthy and depressive samples: association with brain structure, functional connectivity and depression
Authors: Wang K. , Wei D. , Yang J. , Xie P. , Hao X. , Qiu J.
Published: July 2015

Background.

Rumination is an important cognitive risk factor for onset and relapse of depression. However, no studies have employed a dimensional approach in investigating the neural correlates of rumination and the relationship with depression.

Method.

Non-clinical healthy subjects (n = 306), who completed the classical rumination and depression scales, were studied using voxel-based morphometry and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted to examine the influence of rumination on the relationship between brain structure and depression. Moreover, depressive patients (n = 60) and a control group (n = 63) of comparable age and education were studied with regions of interest that were identified in the healthy individuals.

Results.

For healthy individuals, regional grey-matter volume (rGMV) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) were positively correlated with rumination. In addition, rumination had a mediating effect on the relationship between the DLPFC and PHG and depression. Moreover, ReHo analysis showed that rumination had a significantly negative correlation with functional homogeneity of DLPFC. However, compared to the control group, depressed patients showed significant decrease of rGMV in the DLPFC and PHG and there was a significant negative correlation between DLPFC volume and depressive rumination.

Conclusions.

Increased DLPFC volume (decreased ReHo) in healthy individuals while decreased in depression indicated the trend of DLPFC from inefficient inhibition (‘overload state’) to impaired regulatory mechanism (‘paralysis state’). This finding might elucidate when and why healthy individuals would develop sustained negative mood and depression eventually.
Plant composition patterns inside an endemic birds’ nest fern (Asplenium goudeyi) on Lord Howe Island: effects of fern size, fern isolation and plant dispersal abilities
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Burns Kevin
Published: July 2015

The importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in structuring ecological communities is an enduring debate. Although this debate is nearly a century old, the extent to which communities are structured by species interactions or chance events is a central issue in ecology. We examined the assemblages of plants living inside 119 birds’ nest ferns (Asplenium goudeyi), which are endemic to Lord Howe Island. Specifically, we investigated whether patterns of species richness and community composition were influenced by fern size, fern isolation and plant dispersal abilities. Fern size and fern isolation significantly predicted plant community richness. At the community level, plant composition patterns did not deviate from randomized expectations. Individual species occurrences increased with increasing community richness, and no species exclusions were observed. Wind-dispersed taxa, which accounted for 29% of all species, were well represented in isolated ferns. Comparatively, poorer dispersers were confined to ferns nearest the forest at the base of the cliffs. We suggest that dispersal plays a key role in structuring plant communities living within birds’ nest ferns, and that species interactions are less important. Our study emphasizes the importance of epiphytes with a nest-like growth form as habitat for plants in a harsh environment.
The Asian elephant is amongst the top three frugivores of two tree species with easily edible fruit
Authors: Sekar Nitin , Sukumar Raman
Published: July 2015

Large animal species are prone to local extirpation, but ecologists cannot yet predict how the loss of megaherbivores affects ecosystem processes such as seed dispersal. Few studies have compared the quantity and quality of seed dispersal by megaherbivores versus alternative frugivores in the wild, particularly for plant species with fruit easily consumed by many frugivorous species. In a disturbed tropical moist forest in India, we examine whether megaherbivores are a major frugivore of two tree species with easily edible, mammal-dispersed fruit. We quantify the relative fruit removal rates ofArtocarpus chaplashaandCareya arborea, by the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and alternative dispersers. Through focal watches and camera trapping, we found the elephant to be amongst the top three frugivores for each tree species. Furthermore, seed transects underA. chaplashashow that arboreal frugivores discard seeds only a short distance from the parental tree, underscoring the elephant's role as a long-distance disperser. Our data provide unprecedented support for an old notion: megaherbivores may be key dispersers for a broad set of mammal-dispersed fruiting species, and not just fruit inaccessible to smaller frugivores. As such, the elephant may be particularly important for the functional ecology of the disturbed forests it still inhabits across tropical Asia.
Acquiring constraints on morphosyntactic variation: children's Spanish subject pronoun expression
Authors: SHIN NAOMI LAPIDUS
Published: July 2015

Constraints on linguistic variation are consistent across adult speakers, yielding probabilistic and systematic patterns. Yet, little is known about the development of such patterns during childhood. This study investigates Spanish subject pronoun expression in naturalistic data from 154 monolingual children in Mexico, divided into four age groups: 6–7, 8–9, 10–11, 12+. Results from logistic regressions examining five predictors of pronoun expression in 6,481 verbs show that children's usage is structured and patterned. The study also suggests a developmental progression: as children get older, they become sensitive to more constraints. I conclude by suggesting that children learn patterns of variation by attuning to distributional tendencies in the input, and that the more frequent the patterns are, the easier they are to detect and learn.
A New Approach to Calculate the Horizontal Protection Level
Authors: Jiang Yiping , Wang Jinling
Published: July 2015

A method to compute the minimum Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) using the test statistic of normal distribution, which will exploit advances in computational power to meet the requirement of Time to Alert (TTA), is proposed to improve service availability. To obtain the minimum solution, two approximations used in traditional algorithms need exact solutions: the distribution of the horizontal position error and the determination of the worst case to ensure that the resulting HPL is able to accommodate all possible bias. This is validated with results such that the optimal solution is achieved with a pre-defined accuracy and sufficient computational efficiency. Also, the new HPL is used to determine if current approximated methods are conservative, where one of the methods does not meet the integrity requirement with given test statistics, error model and integrity risk definition.
Lambda theories allowing terms with a finite number of fixed points
Authors: INTRIGILA BENEDETTO , STATMAN RICHARD
Published: July 2015

A natural question in the λ-calculus asks what is the possible number of fixed points of a combinator (closed term). A complete answer to this question is still missing (Problem 25 of TLCA Open Problems List) and we investigate the related question about the number of fixed points of a combinator in λ-theories. We show the existence of a recursively enumerable lambda theory where the number is always one or infinite. We also show that there are λ-theories such that some terms have only two fixed points. In a first example, this is obtained by means of a non-constructive (more precisely non-r.e.) λ-theory where the range property is violated. A second, more complex example of a non-r.e. λ-theory (with a higher unsolvability degree) shows that some terms can have only two fixed points while the range property holds for every term.
Continuous inhaled iloprost in a neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Dykes John C. , Torres Marilyn , Alexander Plato J.
Published: July 2015

This report describes the case of a neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension stabilised in the post-operative period with continuous iloprost nebulisation. To our knowledge, this is the first documented method of treating post-operative severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with continuous inhaled iloprost in a patient with complex CHD. We found this method of delivering the drug very effective in stabilising haemodynamic swings in the setting of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Effects of SES on Executive Attention in Malay–English bilingual children in Singapore
Authors: KANG CARISSA , THOEMMES FELIX , LUST BARBARA
Published: July 2015

Thirty-four 4 to 6-year-old Malay–English bilinguals (both balanced and dominant) characterized as low SES on income and parental education were tested on the child-Attentional Network Task (ANT) (Rueda, Rothbart, McCandliss, Saccomanno & Posner, 2004) measuring executive attention. Although SES measures fell below the Singapore median, Malay children's performance on the child-ANT remained high when compared to other age-matched monolingual and bilingual children previously tested with the child-ANT (Yang, Yang & Lust, 2011), and Chinese–English Singaporean bilinguals (Yang, Yang & Kang, 2014). None of the three SES measures – father's and mother's education, and income – significantly correlated with child-ANT components. Regression analyses confirmed that none of the SES measures significantly predicted performance on the child-ANT. Both balanced and dominant bilinguals displayed high executive control. We consider the possibility that cultural variations, (e.g., simultaneous and pervasiveness of bilingualism in Singapore, or pervasive code-switching), may ameliorate potential negative effects of SES on executive control development.
Ultra-processed foods have the worst nutrient profile, yet they are the most available packaged products in a sample of New Zealand supermarkets
Authors: Luiten Claire M , Steenhuis Ingrid HM , Eyles Helen , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Waterlander Wilma E
Published: July 2015

Objective

To examine the availability of packaged food products in New Zealand supermarkets by level of industrial processing, nutrient profiling score (NPSC), price (energy, unit and serving costs) and brand variety.

Design

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data on packaged supermarket food and non-alcoholic beverages. Products were classified according to level of industrial processing (minimally, culinary and ultra-processed) and their NPSC.

Setting

Packaged foods available in four major supermarkets in Auckland, New Zealand.

Subjects

Packaged supermarket food products for the years 2011 and 2013.

Results

The majority (84 % in 2011 and 83 % in 2013) of packaged foods were classified as ultra-processed. A significant positive association was found between the level of industrial processing and NPSC, i.e. ultra-processed foods had a worse nutrient profile (NPSC=11·63) than culinary processed foods (NPSC=7·95), which in turn had a worse nutrient profile than minimally processed foods (NPSC=3·27), P<0·001. No clear associations were observed between the three price measures and level of processing. The study observed many variations of virtually the same product. The ten largest food manufacturers produced 35 % of all packaged foods available.

Conclusions

In New Zealand supermarkets, ultra-processed foods comprise the largest proportion of packaged foods and are less healthy than less processed foods. The lack of significant price difference between ultra- and less processed foods suggests ultra-processed foods might provide time-poor consumers with more value for money. These findings highlight the need to improve the supermarket food supply by reducing numbers of ultra-processed foods and by reformulating products to improve their nutritional profile.
Cognitive null steering in frequency diverse array radars
Authors: Saeed Sarah , Qureshi Ijaz Mansoor , Basit Abdul , Salman Ayesha , Khan Waseem
Published: July 2015

Null steering has been a challenge in radar communications for the past few decades. In this paper, a novel cognitive null steering technique in frequency diverse array radars using frequency offset selection is presented. The proposed system is a complete implementable framework that provides precise and deep null placement in the range and angle locations of the interference source. The proposed system is cognitive such that the transmitter and receiver are connected via a feedback loop. System extracts interference source location parameters from the radar scene using Multiple Signal Classification, a super resolution direction of arrival estimation technique. Neural networks known for minimum computation time, and good non-linear and non-parametric approximation have been utilized for prediction of next location of the interference source. Simulation results validate the proposed frequency offset selection by demonstrating precise and deep nulls at the desired locations.
Psychiatric inpatient care: where do we go from here?
Authors: Samele C. , Urquía N.
Published: July 2015

The significant decline in the number of psychiatric hospital beds for more than two decades across Europe has changed the landscape of mental health services. This has rekindled debates about bed shortages and the reasons for variations in the number of inpatient beds, admissions to hospital and length of stay. Analysis of European Union (EU) level data shows that the UK has a relatively low number of admissions to hospital, yet a much higher than average length of stay compared with 12 other EU Member States. Understanding this is difficult, but recent studies shed some further light on the patterns and predictors of admissions and length of stay.
2015 Class of AGU Fellows Announced
Authors: Leinen Margaret , Ravelo Christina
Published: July 2015

The 2015 American Geophysical Union Class of Fellows has been selected and will be recognized at the annual Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.
Leading Companies Take White House Climate Pledge
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2015

Alcoa, Cargill, General Motors, Microsoft, and nine other major U.S. companies have committed to cut greenhouse gases as part of a new White House program.