bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fortifying humanitarian supply chains: evaluating sustainability enablers for strengthened resilience of humanitarian supply chains during calamities and pandemics
Authors: Kashav Vishal , Garg Chandra Prakash
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify key sustainability enablers that are crucial for resilient humanitarian supply chains (RHSCs) during natural calamities and pandemics. It also aims to subsequently rank them using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess their importance. The goal is to enhance stakeholders’ understanding, enabling them to implement effective strategies to mitigate disruptions and safeguard RHSCs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied the fuzzy AHP as part of the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) framework to prioritize sustainability enablers that are crucial for the resilience of humanitarian supply chains (RHSCs).

Findings

The research findings indicate that the operational enablers category is the most critical, followed by the infrastructural and environmental categories, which rank as the second and third most critical, respectively. Among the sub-categories, “Hyper-connectivity,” “Renewable energy sources for infrastructure” and “Sustainable procurement and sourcing practices” are identified as the top three, highlighting the urgency for immediate attention.

Research limitations/implications

While this research provides valuable insights, it also presents some limitations and opens new avenues for future study. First, the study predominantly focuses on natural calamities and pandemics, potentially overlooking other catastrophic events that could jeopardize humanitarian supply chains. Second, to eliminate potential biases and develop a more robust model, it would have been beneficial to explore other modern MCDM methods. It is possible that these alternative MCDM techniques might yield better results than fuzzy AHP. Future research could explore a broader range of crises to comprehensively address the varied dynamics influencing Resilient Humanitarian Supply Chains (RHSCs) while also experimenting with different cutting-edge MCDM methods. Additionally, future research could dive deeper into the top-ranked technology enablers, particularly focusing on human-technology interactions within humanitarian supply chains, a topic that is currently being discussed among experts.

Social implications

The manuscript emphasizes the importance of global preparedness and collaborative efforts among governments, nongovernmental organizations and communities. Through its discussion of social enablers, this study aims to develop RHSCs that prioritize the well-being of disaster-affected populations and individuals used in this field.

Originality/value

This research offers unique insights by ranking sustainability enablers for resilient humanitarian supply chains (RHSCs) amid natural calamities and pandemics, providing novel and actionable contributions.
How do challenge and hindrance stressors differentially influence work-to-family enrichment? The roles of self-esteem and marital power
Authors: Tan Alice J.M. , Loi Raymond
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to extend the work–home resources model by identifying self-esteem as the mechanism and marital power as the moderator on the relationship between challenge/hindrance stressors and work-to-family enrichment (WFE).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducted a three-phase paper survey. Path analytic models were used to test the hypotheses using Mplus 8.10.

Findings

Challenge stressor (workload) enriches employees’ family through increased self-esteem, while hindrance stressor (role conflict) threatens WFE through decreased self-esteem. Marital power strengthens the positive relationship between self-esteem and enrichment as well as the indirect relationships between job stressors and WFE.

Originality/value

This study reveals how and when job stressors increase WFE.
Moderating the role of cybernetic controls on data accuracy and decision-making in accounting information systems in construction projects in Iraq
Authors: Al-Hashimy Hisham Noori Hussain , Yao Jinfang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The importance of cybernetic controls (CC) in the context of accounting information systems (AIS) in increasing data accuracy (DA) and improving decision-making (DM) has attracted much attention. In this study, the paper analyses the moderating role of CC on the relationship between DA and DM in AIS, which is supposed to be a case of construction projects in Iraq.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using a questionnaire-structured interview targeted at construction site managers and project managers, employing probability sampling on the 253 valid responses, which was analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method.

Findings

CC significantly reduced the role of the moderating aspect of the DA and positively influenced DM in AIS. These results provided a base for the research postulates, including integrating CC in AIS to offer an overdue solution to challenges in construction project DM.

Practical implications

Empirical outcomes of the study demonstrated that the implementation of CC in AIS can be applied successfully to the accounting of exact data and precision decisions in construction projects. Such lessons are strategically important to practitioners needing optimal AIS performance with a view to industry satisfaction.

Originality/value

The work has a breakthrough quality in the study at hand by stressing that CC moderate the link of DA to the DM approach in AIS. This area lacks exposition when construction projects in Iraq are the case. The findings of the research are aligned with the criteria of good governance in the context of the use of electronic systems to make decisions in AIS.
Azo disperse dyes based on citrazinic acid: synthesis, antibacterial activity and printing application in silk and polyamide-6 fabrics
Authors: Elkhabiry Shaban , Sharaf Afrah , Sadek Mohamed E. , Elasasy Manar E. A. , El-Sayed Ahmed A. , Mousa Abdalla
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to dye Silk and polyamide fabrics using synthetic dyes to give the fabrics fastness qualities, including washing, perspiration, light, rubbing and sublimation fastness, also to be effective against bacteria.

Design/methodology/approach

We used the coupling of diazonium salts of aniline derivatives with 2,6-dihydroxyisonicotintic acid to prepare substituted azo citrazinic acid. By using synthetic thickeners as a thickening agent, the screen printing process of these dyes is found to have printing characteristics.

Findings

The authors developed and produced a range of bioactive disperse dyes to be conjugated with citrazinic acid moieties and aromatic scaffold derivatives in the same construct via an azo linker to take advantage on the bioactive property of both motifs. The practicality, fastness and spectroscopic properties of the dyes were investigated. The dyes’ activity was evaluated initially in an antibacterial test using two Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria.

Originality/value

Silk and polyamide fabrics can be printed using disperse colors that have been shown to be effective against bacteria. Analysis was also done on the dyes’ color properties and fastness qualities, including washing, perspiration, light, rubbing and sublimation fastness.
Novel radiopaque poly (lactic acid) filament production for phantom applications, and model studies for hard tissues
Authors: Özmen Özkan , Yasan Ömer Barışkan , Sevim Çağlar , Yilmaz Erkan , Doğan Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The complex geometries of human tissues are characterized by the employment of phantoms in various fields of medicine ranging from active treatment stages to educational purposes. Despite the exceptional abilities of the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology to produce rapid and patient-specific complex anatomical models, the issue of human tissue-filament material incompatibilities persists owing to the lack of attenuation coefficients in the same range as biological tissues. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel biodegradable filament that can mimic human hard tissues by addressing the challenge mentioned above.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study addresses the issue through proposing a novel biodegradable radiopaque filament containing poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) with increasing amounts (3 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%) for hard tissues. Other than the thermal/flow characterization and internal structural analyses, as for evaluating the effectiveness of the produced filament under computed tomography (CT) imaging, two detailed anthropomorphic phantoms (L3 vertebra and femur bone) are produced and tested.

Findings

Results show that Sb2O3 disperse homogeneously and serve as a nucleating agent for PLA crystallization. Gyroid pattern gets very close isotropic structure with the highest hounsfield unit (HU) values. 5 wt% Sb2O3 is required to get the HU values of cortical bone. The produced model hard tissues are in very compatible with patient images in all details including cortical thickness.

Practical implications

The results of this study will contribute to the development of radiopaque products in medical applications using three-dimensional printing.

Originality/value

The current research shows that inexpensive, patient-specific, detailed medical models can be produced with a novel biodegradable radiopaque filament containing PLA/Sb2O3. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has examined the use of Sb2O3 in radiopacity applications in any polymeric material.
Surviving busy season: Using the job demands‐resources model to investigate coping mechanisms
Authors: Jefferson Devon P. , Andiola Lindsay M. , Hurley Patrick J.
Published: November 2024

Fatigue and burnout are root causes of audit quality issues and turnover. Leveraging the job demands‐resources theory, we investigate whether two mechanisms can reduce accountants' fatigue and, in turn, improve audit quality. We conduct a field study of public accountants during both normal and busy season work periods, collecting bi‐daily logs to examine whether the use of microbreaks (i.e., brief respite activities) as a job crafting mechanism and/or the receipt of supervisory support as a job resource lessen end‐of‐day fatigue. We posit and find that engaging in microbreaks is associated with reduced end‐of‐day fatigue within busy season. Similarly, we posit and find that higher levels of daily supervisory support during busy season are associated with lower end‐of‐day fatigue. However, neither of these mechanisms is associated with lower end‐of‐day fatigue during normal work periods. Our results also indicate that these two mechanisms function as complements during busy season, with either one significantly reducing end‐of‐day fatigue, but both together having an interactive effect. Further, end‐of‐day fatigue during busy season reduces sleep quality, which increases accountants' fatigue the following morning. In a follow‐up experiment, we consistently find evidence that a 1‐min microbreak reduces fatigue and that this reduction directly translates into improved error detection.
The Ercc1−/Δ mouse model of XFE progeroid syndrome undergoes accelerated retinal degeneration
Authors: Narasimhan Akilavalli , Min Seok Hong , Johnson Laura L. , Roehrich Heidi , Cho William , Her Tracy K. , Windschitl Caeden , O'Kelly Ryan D. , Angelini Luise , Yousefzadeh Matthew J. , McLoon Linda K. , Hauswirth William W. , Robbins Paul D. , Skowronska‐Krawczyk Dorota , Niedernhofer Laura J.
Published: November 2024

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss in older adults. AMD is caused by degeneration in the macula of the retina. The retina is the highest oxygen consuming tissue in our body and is prone to oxidative damage. DNA damage is one hallmark of aging implicated in loss of organ function. Genome instability has been associated with several disorders that result in premature vision loss. We hypothesized that endogenous DNA damage plays a causal role in age‐related retinal changes. To address this, we used a genetic model of systemic depletion of expression of the DNA repair enzyme ERCC1‐XPF. The neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from Ercc1−/Δ mice, which models a human progeroid syndrome, were compared to age‐matched wild‐type (WT) and old WT mice. By 3‐months‐of age, Ercc1−/Δ mice presented abnormal optokinetic and electroretinogram responses consistent with photoreceptor dysfunction and visual impairment. Ercc1−/Δ mice shared many ocular characteristics with old WT mice including morphological changes, elevated DNA damage markers (γ‐H2AX and 53BP1), and increased cellular senescence in the neural retinal and RPE, as well as pathological angiogenesis. The RPE is essential for the metabolic health of photoreceptors. The RPE from Ercc1−/Δ mice displayed mitochondrial dysfunction causing a compensatory glycolytic shift, a characteristic feature of aging RPE. Hence, our study suggests spontaneous endogenous DNA damage promotes the hallmarks of age‐related retinal degeneration.
Indocyanine green clearance's association with liver function in paediatric liver disease
Authors: Ficerai‐Garland G. , Helt T. W. , Nielsen J. , de Nijs R. , Vissing N. H. , Winther C. L. , Møller S. , Setterberg V. , Squires J. E. , Borgwardt L. , Christensen V. B.
Published: November 2024

Aim

Indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, a sensitive biomarker for liver function, has not been validated in children. We assessed the association between ICG clearance and liver function in children with liver disease.

Methods

ICG plasma disappearance rate (ICG‐PDR, %/min) was measured in children with liver disease. Mixed linear regression was used to assess the relationship between ICG‐PDR and liver function tests (international normalised ratio, INR; prothrombin‐proconvertin clotting time, PP).

Results

We included 124 patients with 183 visits. Of the visits, 60.1% were female, 85% had chronic liver disease and 42.5% were liver transplanted. The most common diseases in those without transplantation were autoimmune disease (18.6%) and biliary atresia (10.9%). Median ICG‐PDR was 23.9%/min (interquartile range 15; 30.3). Mixed linear regression showed ICG‐PDR was associated with INR (β = −0.006, 95% CI [−0.010, −0.003]) and PP (β = 0.005, 95% CI [0.003, 0.008]). However, only five visits were with patients who had acute liver failure (INR ≥2.0).

Conclusion

ICG clearance is associated with standard measures of liver function in children. ICG may aid decision‐making in paediatric liver disease together with other biochemical measures, imaging and clinical presentation. However, further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of ICG in paediatric patients with INR >1.4.
Colour matching of cotton exhaustion dyed using reactive dye mixtures in non‐aqueous siloxane media of D5
Authors: Hu Qiushuang , Pei Liujun , Jin Kaili , Liu Shuhua , Gao Shaokun , Wang Jiping
Published: November 2024

A less water dyeing system using non‐aqueous medium as dyeing medium shows promising application potential due to its environmentally friendly and efficient dyeing processes, achieving high dyeing and fixation percentage of 100% and 90%, respectively. While previous studies have focused on the dyeing procedures and mechanisms of cotton dyeing in non‐aqueous medium, there has been limited research on colour matching between reactive dyes. This study investigates the matching performance of the representative dyes C.I. Reactive Red 195 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19 in a novel non‐aqueous dyeing system, and compares their effectiveness to that of traditional aqueous dyeing systems. The building up power of reactive dyes in different dyeing bath was studied, as well as the influence of compounding ratio and fixing temperature on dyeing performance. The results reveal that reactive dyes exhibit better building up properties in non‐aqueous medium compared to traditional water bath. The colour change and matching of the reactive dyes was different between non‐aqueous medium and water bath, showing noticeable variations in fixation percentage. Notably, when the ratio between Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue 19 was 1:1, the absorption wavelength of the blend dye in the non‐aqueous medium remained stable with increasing fixation temperature, while a redshift occurred in the water bath. Overall, the colour matching performance of reactive dyes in the less water dyeing system using a non‐aqueous medium is impressive, suggesting significant potential for further development in sustainable dyeing technology.
Modern distress and lifestyle migration: The false promise of a pure relationship with one's self
Authors: Kliger Rotem , Kidron Carol A.
Published: November 2024

This study presents a qualitative ethnographic exploration of professionally successful lifestyle migrants' self‐perceptions of premigration etiologies of “modern distress,” and postmigration pathways of healing and outcomes in Guatemala. Reflexive accounts of perceived etiologies of distress include self‐commodification, atomization, and disengagement from “true‐selves” as stressors motivating relocation. Migrants depict postmigration healing practices as embedding popularized therapeutic narratives that amplify introspective self‐dialog reproducing hypercapitalist and emotional capitalist “liquid‐modern” unstable and disengaged selfhood. Constituting what we term a “pure relationship with the self,” lifestyle migrants describe a “modern trap” of “addictive” chronic healing, self‐seeking, and unfulfillment while resultant self‐deliberations continue to exhibit no less liquid and potentially adaptive life paths. Implications will be considered pertaining to self‐dialogic therapeutic processes that reproduce distressed liquid selfhood and the potential of sites of self‐relocation to amplify socially disengaged introspection. Yet reflexive self‐dialog problematizes reductionist readings of structural subjectification, calling for further examination of the way distressed selfhood is a product of shifting social structures and zeitgeists but no less a self‐crafted outcome of self‐deliberation that critically evaluates emergent selves and alternative contexts of self‐constitution.
Latent profile analysis of family and school supports among Chinese adolescents in stepfamilies
Authors: Zhao Yushan , Jensen Todd M. , Munger Ashley
Published: November 2024

Divorce and remarriage rates have increased dramatically in China, and more children live in stepfamilies. There remain valuable opportunities to understand the various family and school assets that support the well‐being of Chinese youth amid family structural transitions, such as the transition to stepfamily life. Using latent profile analysis, the current study seeks to identify patterns of youth support using seven family‐related variables and two school‐related variables as indicators among a sample of Chinese youth (N = 269;  = 14 years; 129 females and 117 males) residing with a parent and stepparent. Four profiles were identified: low support, academic focus/low support, moderate support, and high support. Results further demonstrated that youth in the moderate support profile had significantly better well‐being outcomes compared to youth in the low support or academic focus/low support profiles; demographic characteristics such as low SES families and parents with lower education backgrounds were associated with the low support profile; and stepfamilies with stepfathers were overrepresented in the moderate support profile, whereas stepfamilies with stepmothers were overrepresented in the low support and academic focus/low support profiles. These findings can inform the development of interventions intended to bolster the well‐being of Chinese adolescents in stepfamilies.
Teamwork, psychological detachment from work during nonwork time, and burnout experienced by hospital‐based nurses
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Han Kihye , Baek Hyang
Published: November 2024

Aims

To assess the relationships in nursing teamwork, psychological detachment from work during nonwork time, and burnout, and the mediating effect of psychological detachment on the relationship between nursing teamwork and burnout.

Background

Nurse burnout has serious implications for nurses’ health and performance and the overall functioning of their organizations. Evidence on the relationships between nursing teamwork, psychological detachment, and nurse burnout is limited. This study adds to the international body of knowledge by examining the interplay between nursing teamwork, psychological detachment, and burnout in nurses, a topic of global relevance.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used survey data collected in May 2021 from 1115 Korean hospital nurses. The measurements included the Nursing Teamwork Survey, a subscale of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. We performed mediation analysis using PROCESS Macro based on 5000 bootstrapped samples to estimate the indirect effect of nursing teamwork.

Results

Nurses in units with stronger teamwork were more likely to report being psychologically detached from work during nonwork time. Nurses who distanced themselves from work‐related thoughts during nonwork time reported lower personal, work‐related, and patient‐related burnout. Nursing teamwork had significant indirect effects on each burnout outcome through psychological detachment.

Conclusion

By providing empirical evidence on the associations between nursing teamwork, psychological detachment, and burnout, this study enriches the international discourse on nurse burnout and the benefits of psychological detachment. Enhanced nursing teamwork can facilitate nurses’ mental distance from work during nonwork time, thereby reducing burnout.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy

Organizational efforts to manage nurse burnout can include increasing nursing teamwork among nurses and improving nurses’ psychological detachment during nonwork hours. Interventions should include improving nursing teamwork and developing a supportive and collaborative unit culture.
Prognostic Factors Associated With Survival Distribution of Admission to Delayed Rapid Response Team Activation Among Deteriorating Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Qiuxia , Lee Khuan , Qian Ping , Mansor Zawiah , Ismail Iskasymar , Guo Yi , Lim Poh Ying
Published: November 2024

Aims

To investigate the prevalence of rapid response team delays, survival distribution of admission to rapid response team delay and its prognostic factors.

Design

A retrospective single‐centre study.

Methods

Data on rapid response team activations from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 were retrieved from electronic medical records at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. All patients who met the eligibility criteria were included. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to analyse the data.

Results

Out of 636 patients included, 18.4% (117) experienced a delay, with a median (interquartile range) of 8.5 (12) days from admission to rapid response team activation. Six significant prognostic factors were found to be associated with the higher hazard ratio of rapid response team delay, including call time (05:01 PM and 7:59 AM), emergency admission, a higher Modified Early Warning Score, an admission diagnosis of infection, a comorbidity of respiratory failure/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and the absence of lung infection.

Conclusion

The prevalence of rapid response team delays was lower, and the days from admission to rapid response team delay was longer than in previous studies. Healthcare providers are suggested to prioritise the care of high‐risk patient groups and provide proactive monitoring to ensure timely identification and management.

Implications for Patient Care

Implementing artificial intelligence in continuous monitoring systems for high‐risk patients is recommended. The findings help nurses anticipate potential delays in rapid response team activation, enabling better preparedness.

Impact

The study highlights the prevalence of rapid response team delays, timing from admission to rapid response team activation and six prognostic factors influencing delays. It could shape patient care and inform future research. Hospital administrators should review staffing, especially during night shifts, to minimise delays. Further qualitative research is needed to explore why nurses may delay rapid response team activation.

Reporting Method

The STROBE checklist was adhered to when reporting this study.

‘No patient or public contribution’.
The Role of Electoral Interests in the National Distribution of EU Covid‐19 Funds
Authors: Hansum Romy
Published: November 2024

Expectations are high regarding the impact of the extensive Covid‐19 crisis support ‘Next Generation EU’. Mixed experiences from established EU distributive policies indicate, though, that ultimate policy outcomes largely depend on national implementation decisions. This article scrutinises vote‐buying strategies according to which domestic governments exploit the largely autonomous national distribution of EU funds to target certain constituencies. To study national strategies, the analysis takes advantage of the extraordinary leeway given to domestic governments in distributing REACT‐EU funds, part of Next Generation EU. The encompassing quantitative analysis covers a large sample of member states and committed funds. The regression results provide no support that national governments distribute REACT‐EU funds to politically opportune regions. In a departure from most previous analyses focusing on specific member states, these findings suggest that vote buying is not the dominant strategy in the national implementation of all EU funds.
Age Self Care, a program to improve aging in place through group learning and incremental behavior change: Preliminary data
Authors: Nguyen Tracy , Tang Belinda , Harrison Krista L. , Stadler Susanne , Walter Louise C. , Hoepke Kate , Aronson Louise , Allison Theresa A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Few programs exist to support aging in place for older adults. Age Self Care is a novel program providing older adults with evidence‐based information using group sessions embedded within the structure of a community‐based organization (CBO) to facilitate behavior change and support aging in place. We report on a preliminary study of Age Self Care conducted in collaboration between the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Division of Geriatrics, At Home With Growing Older (AHWGO), and San Francisco Village (SF Village).

Methods

We recruited middle‐income, community‐dwelling adults aged 65+ from university outpatient clinics. Participants attended eight 90‐min, video‐based group sessions and enrolled in SF Village, a non‐profit mutual support organization for older adults. Data collection included direct observations and a participant focus group. We used rapid analysis methods informed by the COM‐B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior Change) to assess behavior change.

Results

Fourteen participants completed the 8‐week study (15 enrolled, 1 withdrew). Average attendance was 81% throughout the program. We found that 14 participants made concrete changes to optimize the ability to remain at home during the program. For example, participants engaged in evidence‐based falls risk reduction activities such as decluttering and improving lighting. We identified three facilitators to behavior change. First, Age Self Care promoted self‐management—the day‐to‐day management of health and chronic conditions by individuals—through education and community‐based resources. Second, peer support empowered participants to take charge of their health, home environment, and social networks. Third, the online platform created a community and was a catalyst for social opportunity. We identified one non‐modifiable barrier: pre‐existing financial barriers hindered some behavior change.

Conclusions

In this preliminary study, Age Self Care facilitated behavior change, including minor home modifications, fall risk reduction, and engagement in social networks, all of which support aging in place.
Heat‐induced kidney disease: Understanding the impact
Authors: Elinder Carl‐Gustaf
Published: November 2024

Research on Mesoamerican Nephropathy, chronic kidney disease of unknown cause and chronic kidney disease of nontraditional cause has been going on for more than 20 years. Thousands of manual workers, especially in agriculture, are affected. The disease has been reported in different countries and regions, not only from heat‐stressed sugarcane cutters in Central America but also from other occupational groups with strenuous work in hot environments. The cause of this disease is still debated. A multitude of causative factors have been suggested, including agrochemicals, water quality, infections, and heavy metals. The evidence that heat stress is the major cause of kidney disease is convincing, whereas the support for alternative causes is weak. Associations between exposure and kidney damage are strong, consistent, and specific, occur after acute and chronic exposure, display dose‐effect and dose–response relationships, are plausible, and coherent. Improving working conditions by providing hydration, rest, and shade to heat‐stress‐exposed workers is beneficial. Continued global warming will increase the number of people at risk for dangerous heat exposure and kidney disease.
Short‐term effects of exposure to workplace bullying on objective sleep: an actigraphy diary study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Muñoz Alfredo , Antino Mirko , Díaz‐Guerra Alejandro , Sanz‐Vergel Ana Isabel , Bakker Arnold B.
Published: November 2024

Exposure to bullying behaviours has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, such as sleep complaints. However, the current state of the knowledge is limited regarding the association with objective sleep. The present study investigated the short‐term effects of workplace bullying on objective sleep patterns using an actigraphy diary approach. Participants (N = 55) wore actigraphy devices for 10 days to measure sleep parameters such as duration, wake‐after‐sleep onset (WASO), and the number of awakenings. Multilevel analyses showed that exposure to workplace bullying was directly associated with the three parameters of sleep disturbances, with higher levels of bullying linked to poorer sleep outcomes. Anxiety was also found to mediate this relationship. Specifically, anxiety mediated the association between bullying and WASO and sleep duration. The study contributes valuable insights into the detrimental impact of workplace bullying on objective sleep quality, highlighting the importance of addressing psychosocial stressors in the workplace to promote healthy sleep patterns.
An afternoon nap facilitates analogical transfer in creative problem solving
Authors: Westerberg Carmen E. , Fickle Sean E. , Troupe Chloe E. , Madden‐Rusnak Anna , Deason Rebecca G.
Published: November 2024

In analogical problem solving, the solution to a previously experienced problem (source) is used to solve a new but structurally similar problem (target). Yet, analogical transfer is seldom successful, as structural commonalities between source and target problems can be difficult to recognise. Theoretically, memory consolidation processes during REM sleep may help to identify and strengthen connections between weakly related memories, improving the ability to use analogical transfer. In the current experiment, participants attempted to solve source problems, were told the solutions, and then attempted to solve new but structurally similar target problems. After a 2‐h break including a nap (n = 28) or wakefulness (n = 30), participants attempted to solve target problems they were unable to solve before the break. Measures of source problem memory and perceived similarity between source and target problems were also obtained. The nap group solved a greater proportion of target problems after the break than the wake group, despite no group differences in solution rates before the break or source problem memory. The nap group also perceived greater similarity between source and target problems after the break than the wake group, and the time spent in REM sleep predicted the proportion of post‐break target problems solved. These results indicate that sleep improves the ability to solve target problems that could not be initially solved and suggest that REM sleep improves the use of analogical transfer by highlighting commonalities between source and target problems that were unnoticed before a nap.
Impaired blood flow of optic nerve head in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Lin Pei‐Wen , Chiu Li‐Wen , Chang Chun‐Tuan , Lin Hsin‐Ching
Published: November 2024

This study prospectively analysed the difference in the blood flow of the optic nerve head (ONH) between patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA) and control subjects by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and determined the correlations between LSFG variables and the severity of OSA. A total of 100 participants consecutively underwent full‐night polysomnography, ophthalmologic examinations, and LSFG measurements. The LSFG parameters were summarised as the mean blur rate in all areas of the ONH (MA), in the big vessel area of ONH (MV), and in the tissue area of ONH (MT). When the control (17 subjects) and patients with mild/moderate OSA (42 patients) were grouped together and compared with patients with severe OSA (41 patients), the MA, MV, and MT were decreased significantly in patients with severe OSA compared with control subjects and patients with mild/moderate OSA (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.0034, respectively). Negative correlations were identified between the apnea–hypopnea index and MA (ρ = −0.244, p = 0.0016), between AHI and MV (ρ = −0.263, p = 0.0006), and between AHI and MT (ρ = −0.198, p = 0.0105). Positive correlations were identified between the lowest saturation of oxygen (LSaO2) and MA (ρ = 0.332, p < 0.0001), between LSaO2 and MV (ρ = 0.354, p < 0.0001), and between LSaO2 and MT (ρ = 0.227, p = 0.0035). Our study demonstrated that OSA could have a negative impact on the microcirculation of the optic nerve head, including MA, MV, and MT measurements. Furthermore, the decreased blood flow of the optic nerve head obviously correlated with the severity of OSA.
Safety of Anticoagulation When Undergoing Endoscopic Variceal Ligation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Loo Jing Hong , Quek Joo Wei Ethan , Low Jun Teck Gerald , Tay Wei Xuan , Ang Le Shaun , Montano‐Loza Aldo J , G Abraldes Juan , Wong Yu Jun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The safety of continuing anticoagulation therapy during endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the safety of anticoagulation therapy in EVL.

Methods

We systematically searched four electronic databases from their inception until 1 June 2024, for studies that evaluated anticoagulation use and risk of rebleeding among patients undergoing EVL. The primary endpoint was rebleeding after EVL. The secondary endpoints were post‐banding ulcer bleeding (PBUB) and variceal eradication rate. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42024556094.

Results

A total of 5617 participants from nine studies (eight cohort studies and one randomised trial) were included. The most common type of anticoagulation is low‐molecular‐weight heparin, followed by warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). The pooled risk of rebleeding was 10.9% (95%CI: 6.3–16.5; I2 = 65.5%). Concurrent anticoagulation during EVL did not increase the risk of overall rebleeding (OR, 1.10; 95%CI: 0.85–1.42, I2 = 0%), PBUB (OR, 1.04; 95%CI, 0.48–2.24; I2 = 24%) or severe bleeding (OR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.31–2.85; I2 = 0%). Variceal eradication rates were similar, regardless of the use of anticoagulation therapy during EVL.

Conclusion

Anticoagulation did not increase the risk of rebleeding in patients who underwent EVL. Since the certainty of evidence is low, these findings should be confirmed in future randomised trials.
Aeroelastic force prediction via temporal fusion transformers
Authors: Cid Montoya Miguel , Mishra Ashutosh , Verma Sumit , Mures Omar A. , Rubio‐Medrano Carlos E.
Published: November 2024

Aero‐structural shape design and optimization of bridge decks rely on accurately estimating their self‐excited aeroelastic forces within the design domain. The inherent nonlinear features of bluff body aerodynamics and the high cost of wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations make their emulation as a function of deck shape and reduced velocity challenging. State‐of‐the‐art methods address deck shape tailoring by interpolating discrete values of integrated flutter derivatives (FDs) in the frequency domain. Nevertheless, more sophisticated strategies can improve surrogate accuracy and potentially reduce the required number of samples. We propose a time domain emulation strategy harnessing temporal fusion transformers (TFTs) to predict the self‐excited forces time series before their integration into FDs. Emulating aeroelastic forces in the time domain permits the inclusion of time‐series amplitudes, frequencies, phases, and other properties in the training process, enabling a more solid learning strategy that is independent of the self‐excited forces modeling order and the inherent loss of information during the identification of FDs. TFTs' long‐ and short‐term context awareness, combined with their interpretability and enhanced ability to deal with static and time‐dependent covariates, make them an ideal choice for predicting unseen aeroelastic forces time series. The proposed TFT‐based metamodel offers a powerful technique for drastically improving the accuracy and versatility of wind‐resistant design optimization frameworks.
Agent‐based modelling of southward coastal migration by humpback whale mother–calf pods off eastern Australia
Authors: de Bie Jasper , Lee Serena B. , Meynecke Jan‐Olaf , Seyboth Elisa , Samanta Saumik , Vichi Marcello , Roychoudhury Alakendra , Mackey Brendan
Published: November 2024

Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae encounter a variety of environmental conditions during seasonal migration between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. Relationships between environmental conditions and migratory movements are largely unknown due to a lack of oceanographic data coincident with their presence/absence. We begin to address this knowledge gap by developing a new agent‐based modelling (ABM) approach designed to predict southward migration of mother–calf (MC) pairs along a stretch of the east Australian coast between the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Gold Coast (GC) bay, which includes a known resting area, Hervey Bay (HB). To assess our ability to reproduce observed migration patterns, numerical experiments were undertaken in which static (bathymetry) and dynamic (currents, sea surface temperature) variables between August and October 2017 governed movements. These experiments revealed how bathymetry influences HB usage, and a necessity to apply different directionality preferences to whales before and after negotiating HB, which appear to closely align with coastline orientation. The ABM provides a novel, suitable framework for simulating MC humpback whale migration, and an important first step in the development of predictive models of humpback whale behavior. Developing such tools is increasingly necessary to predict how changing ocean conditions are likely to affect their distribution.
Does the Combination of Metabolic Syndrome and Low Fat‐Free Mass Shorten an Individual's Disability‐Free Life? A 12‐Year Prospective Cohort Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)
Authors: Shin Ji Hye , Yoon Ju Young
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the combined risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low fat‐free mass (FFM) on an individual's disability‐free survival (DFS). Disability is defined as a composite of dementia, physical disability, and mortality.

Methods

Using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, we divided 3721 participants aged 40–69 years based on their MetS status and FFM index (FFMI) score. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to analyze differences in DFS between the four groups.

Results

From 108 events, MetS group had significantly shorter DFS than the non‐MetS group regardless of FFMI (p < 0.0001). After adjusting other potential confounding variables, the MetS group had a higher risk of shortened DFS regardless of FFMI, and the MetS group with low FFMI had a 2.06‐fold increased risk compared to the non‐MetS group with high FFMI (p < 0.001). Older age and lower income were also associated with higher risk of shorter DFS (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The combination of MetS and low FFMI contribute to a cumulative risk of shortened DFS. Community nurses can perform MetS screening and body composition assessment to predict and control the risk of developing disability over time.
Successful implementation of a patient blood management programme in a lower middle‐income state
Authors: Brunetta Denise Menezes , Carvalho Luany Elvira Mesquita , Beserra Nathália Martins , Lima Claudianne Maia de Farias , Monteiro Claudia Mota Leite Barbosa , Araripe Lara Facundo de Alencar , Benevides Fernanda Luna Neri , de Oliveira Maria Isaaquielle Andrade , Silva Anastácia Maria Viana , Barbosa Suzanna Araújo Tavares , Oliveira Eliane Ribeiro da Costa , Cavalcante Davi Alves , Santos Franklin Jose Candido , Carlos Luciana Maria de Barros
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Transfusions are common, but their use is decreasing in some countries as a result of increased risk awareness and the implementation of patient blood management (PBM), an evidence‐based approach to optimize patient outcomes. This study aimed to detail the implementation of PBM in a Brazilian state and its impact on transfusion rates and associated costs.

Materials and Methods

The PBM implementation involved several strategies: medical education, haematology consultation services, provision of intravenous iron and other medications, establishment of PBM and perioperative anaemia clinics, cell salvage and acute normovolaemic haemodilution, anaemia reference laboratories and rotational thromboelastometry. The program's implementation was assessed through quality indicators and cost analysis.

Results

Since 2016, there have been reductions in transfusion rates, mainly in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Quality indicators showed an increase in single‐RBC transfusions from 53% in December 2015 to 85.9% in June 2024 and a decrease in transfusions for patients with Hb ≥7 g/dL from 5.9% in March 2021 to 2.7% in May 2024. The PBM programme led to an estimated annual cost saving of R$2.63 million (US $487,000), if considered RBC direct costs, and from R$9.69 million to R$16.145 million (US $1.79–$2.99 million) in activity‐based costs, considering only the reduction in RBC transfusions.

Conclusion

The PBM programme in Ceará successfully reduced transfusion rates and associated costs through a multidisciplinary approach, medical education and government support. This model demonstrates the potential for significant healthcare improvements and cost savings and can serve as a benchmark for other regions and countries, especially in low‐ and middle‐income settings.
Investigation on Failure Mode of Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites Joints of Nonmetallic Pipeline
Authors: Zong Xinwei , Wang Deyi , Shi Jianfeng , Yao Riwu
Published: November 2024

Pipe joints are weak points in nonmetallic pipeline systems, and their mechanical strength is essential for ensuring safe pipeline operation. By reinforcing with short carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (SCFRTCs), the mechanical strength of pipe joints shows great improvement. Understanding the failure mechanisms of SCFRTCs joints is crucial for further structural enhancement and safe operation. In this study, the failure mode of SCFRTCs joints is first investigated through bursting tests. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computed tomography (CT) reveals that stress concentration at the SCFRTCs joint initiates cracks formation. The progressive propagation of these cracks, leading to ultimate failure, is identified as the primary failure mechanism. Subsequently, a finite element model of SCFRTCs joints, incorporating contour integration for crack propagation, is constructed, and the energy release rate for crack propagation of SCFRTCs is experimentally determined. Simulation results confirm the stress concentration-induced crack initiation. Furthermore, the effect of joint wall thickness on structural strength of the SCFRTCs joint is analyzed. Increasing wall thickness improves the mechanical strength of SCFRTCs joint. However, most of the SCFRTCs in the joint remain at low stress levels, far from yielding when the crack initiates. As wall thickness increases, the strength utilization rate of SCFRTCs gradually decreases from 49.0% to as low as 14.9%, indicating that increasing wall thickness is not an effective method for enhancing structural strength, particularly under conditions of large wall thickness.
Realization of one-dimensional anyons with arbitrary statistical phase
Authors: Kwan Joyce , Segura Perrin , Li Yanfei , Kim Sooshin , Gorshkov Alexey V. , Eckardt André , Bakkali-Hassani Brice , Greiner Markus
Published: November 2024

Low-dimensional quantum systems can host anyons, particles with exchange statistics that are neither bosonic nor fermionic. However, the physics of anyons in one dimension remains largely unexplored. In this work, we realize Abelian anyons in one dimension with arbitrary exchange statistics using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, where we engineer the statistical phase through a density-dependent Peierls phase. We explore the dynamical behavior of two anyons undergoing quantum walks and observe the anyonic Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect as well as the formation of bound states without on-site interactions. Once interactions are introduced, we observe spatially asymmetric transport in contrast to the symmetric dynamics of bosons and fermions. Our work forms the foundation for exploring the many-body behavior of one-dimensional anyons.
Decadal oscillations in the ocean’s largest oxygen-deficient zone
Authors: Duprey N. N. , Foreman A. D. , Carriquiry J. D. , Charles C. D. , Sanchez S. C. , Vonhof H. , Rubach F. , Rabenstein R. , Rohr M. , Reyes-Bonilla H. , Marconi D. , Sigman D. M. , Haug G. H. , Martínez-García A.
Published: November 2024

The impact of global warming on the ocean’s oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs) is uncertain, partly because of a lack of data on past changes. We report monthly resolved records of coral skeleton–bound nitrogen isotopes (CS-δ
15
N) to reconstruct denitrification in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) ODZ over the last 80 years. The data indicate strong decadal variation in ETNP denitrification, with maxima during the cool North Pacific phase of Pacific Decadal Variability. The maxima in denitrification (and thus oxygen deficiency) were likely due to stronger upwelling that enhanced productivity leading to greater oxygen demand in the thermocline. Prior findings of multidecadal-to-centennial ODZ trends were likely biased by this variability. ODZ evolution over the next century will depend on how global warming interacts with the decadal oscillations.