bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestión administrativa, elemento clave para el desarrollo de las empresas de servicio de transporte
Authors: Orellana Palomeque Diana Patricia , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Matovelle Romo Moisés Marcelo
Published: July 2019

El tema del transporte ha sido poco explorado en los estudios de gestión administrativa a nivel del Ecuador, y a pesar de ser un negocio rentable, muchas compañías muestran deficiencias en el plano organizacional que provoca malestar de los usuarios, y, por ende, los ingresos no sean los esperados. Una propuesta de gestión administrativa fundamentada en un análisis técnico permitirá que las compañías de transporte logren posicionarse dentro del mercado, sean competitivas, y se consideren como organizaciones respetadas. Para esta investigación se ha tomado el caso de la Cooperativa de Transporte Javier Loyola del Cantón Azogues-Provincia del Cañar en Ecuador, planteando como objetivo general diseñar un modelo de gestión administrativa que mejore el servicio al cliente. La metodología empleada en la investigación consistió en un análisis interno mediante entrevistas con los transportistas y personal para elaborar un diagnóstico FODA en el que se detectaron los diferentes problemas administrativos, y una encuesta a los usuarios para conocer su percepción respecto a la Cooperativa. Los resultados dejaron ver la insatisfacción de los usuarios respecto al servicio actual, lo que dio paso a la creación de un modelo de gestión administrativa acorde a las necesidades de la empresa de transporte.
Differences in temporal changes of selected water quality parameters on Jasovská Planina Plateau (Slovak Karst, Slovakia)
Authors: Gessert Alena , Straková Veronika , Palcsu László , Koltai Gabriela , Braun Mihály , Heim Enikő , Czébely Andrea
Published: July 2019

Our study presents the hydrochemical data obtained from seven perennial springs located on the Jasov Plateau – Slovak Karst. It is part of the most heavily karstified area in Slovakia extending into northern Hungary. Monthly observations of discharge, temperature and the calcium content have been carried out on perennial springs for 19 months. Since November 2013 the seasonal changes of the basic hydrochemical parameters (water temperature, electric conductivity, pH and major ions), the stable isotope composition and tritium content have been measured on a regular basis. Except for water temperature, no other parameter showed a clear seasonal signal. Statistically significant relationships were discovered between some springs concerning the fluctuation of the various parameters. The stable isotope analyses of the water samples showed that the springs are of meteoric origin, their stable isotope composition varied between -74.9‰ to -62.1‰ and from -10.5‰ to -9.5‰ for δD and δ18O, respectively. The mean residence time of the water varies between 3.5 and 6 years (tritium concentration).
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI LESSON STUDY
Authors: Samsuar Samsuar
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by a conventional learning orientation where teacher-centered learning must be transformed into student-centered learning. The purpose of this study was to improve the professional competence of elementary school teachers through lesson study. This study uses a class action research design that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted at the target schools in the city of Dumai. The research subjects were 10 V-grade teachers taken from each of the target schools. The research instrument used observation sheets and interview sheets. The results of this study indicate an increase in the professional competence of elementary school teachers through lesson study with the percentage of the first cycle of 64% with enough categories to 82% with good categories. The suggestion put forward is for the next researcher to combine lesson study with academic supervision or based on local potential, also improve pedagogical, personality, and social competence.
Dispositif étanche permettant l'étude précise des réflexions de strates équatoriales réciproques de monocristaux lamellaires (applications à LiC6)
Authors: Guérard Daniel , Lelaurain Michèle , Aubry André
Published: July 2019

With quite large natural graphite single crystals it is possible to investigate the zero level reflexions of intercalation compounds with a counter diffractometer.

A gas-tight device designed by the authors is described. As an example they complete the LiC₆ structure.
Effet de la composition des micas dioctaédriques sur les distributions des éléments alcalins en traces
Authors: Volfinger Marcel
Published: July 2019

Étude expérimentale de la distribution de Rb et Cs en traces entre des muscovites et une solution hydrothermale. L'aluminium octaédrique des muscovites est partiellement substitué par du magnésium, de même le potassium est partiellement substitué par du sodium. On compare les distributions de Rb et Cs observées pour ces compositions de muscovites avec les distributions précédemment établies pour la muscovite type KAl₃Si₃O₁₀ (OH)₂. Les distributions sont caractérisées par les rapports de partage P[X] = (X/K)[aq] / (X/K)[m] (X pour Rb ou Cs).

Les substitutions octaédriques ont plus d'influence sur P[Rb] et P[Cs] que la substitution de K par Na. On compare ces résultats à ceux précédemment établis avec des micas trioctaédriques. On note alors que Rb et Cs entrent mieux dans les micas qui contiennent du magnésium. Mais, comme les muscovites naturelles ont des compositions qui varient relativement peu, elles peuvent être utilisées plus sûrement que les biotites dans des applications géothermiques éventuelles.
Improved extracellular secretion of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Escherichia coli by glycine supplementation without apparent cell lysis
Authors: Nik-Pa Nik Ida Mardiana , Abd-Aziz Suraini , Ibrahim Mohamad Faizal , Mohamed Alitheen Noorjahan Banu , Ramli Norhayati
Published: July 2019

The use of an effective inducer feeding strategy without causing cell lysis presents significant advantage to enhance the secretion of an enzyme to the culture medium of Escherichia coli. The cgt gene encoding β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (β-CGTase) was cloned into pQE30xa as an N-terminal His-tagged protein and transformed into E. coli. The induction strategy was applied towards enhancing the extracellular secretion of the recombinant β-CGTase by increasing permeability of the outer membrane of E. coli. The supplementation of 1.2 mM glycine following 2 h of fermentation at 37°C enhanced the activity of β-CGTase to 38.295 U/mL, which was approximately 1.3-fold higher than the control (without induction). Further flow cytometry analysis was adopted as a rapid and highly reproducible approach to determine the effect of glycine supplementation on the viability of E. coli cells. The supplementation of glycine did not contribute to apparent cell lysis, with no adverse effects on cell viability, hence indicating the effectiveness of glycine in enhancing the extracellular secretion of β-CGTase. The recombinant β-CGTase was then purified through a combination of diafiltration and Ni-NTA affinity chromatography with 18.4-fold increase in purity. An effective glycine feeding strategy could enhance the extracellular secretion of β-CGTase without adverse effects on cell viability. This strategy could be applied potentially to enhance the secretion of a recombinant protein to the culture medium from E. coli cells without having cell lysis.
BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA (PTS) (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI DI KOTA PALEMBANG)
Authors: Novianty Dwi Eka , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of student conditions, skills of lecturers teachingand campus environment on student learning motivation Faculty Economics of PTS. Thedata were collected from August - September 2017. The data used were secondary datafrom questionnaires distributed to several PTS campuses in Palembang, PalembangUniversity, Tridinanti University, IBA University and Muhammadiyah University ofPalembang. There were 260 questionnaires distributed, from which the questionnairewas then tabulated, then the statistical test using SPSS obtained the following results: 1)The result of multiple linear analysis showed that all independent variables (studentcondition, teaching skill of lecturer and campus environment) had significant influence tostudent's learning motivation, student condition variable have more dominant influencethan other variable, 2) result of t test indicate that partially variable of student conditionand campus environment have significant effect to student's motivation variable, whilepartial teaching skill has no significant effect to student's learning motivation 3) F TestResult indicate that student condition variable, teaching skill of lecturer and campusenvironment simultaneously / simultaneously have an effect on student's motivationvariable, 4) Adjusted R R Test Result are showing the coefficient of determination equalto 0,307 or 30,7% variable of student condition, teaching skill of lecturer and campusenvironment influence student learning motivation.
Armaments used in the Ukrainian conflict 2014–2015
Authors: Plokšto Artur , Demeško Andriej
Published: July 2019

The development of events in Ukraine at the end of 2014 led to the outbreak of armed
fighting in Donbas, where virtually all kinds of land forces’ arms were used, not only of Soviet
or Russian production but also the latest ones and armaments that had been previously
withdrawn from operation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the armaments used
during the fighting in the Donbas region, innovations in weaponry and tactics in the period
from April 2014 to the middle of February 2015. The study is based on the qualitative
analysis of primary source materials from photographs and video clips available in free
circulation as well as information shared in online forums (particularly Russian ones) and
unstructured interviews with the participants of those events. The findings of the study
pertain to the kinds of Soviet and Russian land forces’ armaments in a real combat situation
as well as the tactics involved in using them.
O QUE É GOLDEN SHOWER? EFEITOS DE SENTIDO PRODUZIDOS POR INTERNAUTAS SOBRE O LUGAR DE PRESIDENTE DE BOLSONARO EM PUBLICAÇÕES NO TWITTER
Authors: SILVA DALEXON SÉRGIO DA
Published: July 2019

Resumo:Este artigo analisa quatro comentários de internautas, acerca de uma publicação do presidente Bolsonaro, em 06/03/2019, no Twitter, sobre o que é golden shower. Isso, após publicar um vídeo de nudez pública com umcarnalavesco urinando no outro. Assim, à luz da perspectiva teórica e dos procedimentos analíticos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), baseado nos estudos de Pêcheux na Europa, Orlandi e estudiosos no Brasil, este trabalho mobiliza os conceitos de sujeito, posições-sujeito, discurso, memória discursiva, formações imaginárias e discursivas, para analisar esses comentários, que funcionam como unidades de sentido em relação à situação.Palavras-chave: Posições-sujeito; Discurso. Memória discursiva; Formação discursiva; Formações imaginárias. WHAT IS GOLDEN SHOWER? EFFECTS OF SENSE ON BOLSONARO’S PLACE OF PRESIDENT ON TWITTERAbstract:This article analyzes four comments from internauts, about a publication of President Bolsonaro, on 06/03/2019, on Twitter, about what golden shower is.This after publishing a video of public nudity with a carnival player urinating on another one. Thus, in the light of the theoretical perspective and analytical procedures of the French Discourse Analysis (FDA), based on the studies of in Europe, and Orlandi and scholars in Brazil, this article mobilizes the concepts of subject, subject-positions, discourse, discursive memory, imaginary and discursive formations to analyze these comments which function as units of meaning in relation to the situation.Keywords: Subject-positions; Discourse; Discursive memory; Discursive formation; Imaginary formations.
The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect: Evidence from
Pakistan
Authors: Idrees Tayyaba , Tufail Saira
Published: July 2019

According to the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler (HLM) effect, an exogenous
temporary increase in the terms of trade leads to an improvement in the current
account balance. This paper uses a recursive vector autoregression to investigate
empirically the existence of the HLM effect in Pakistan, using a time series dataset
for the period 1980–2009. Two important results emerge. First, real income
deteriorates with an improvement in the terms of trade. Second, the current
account balance also responds negatively to innovations in the terms of trade,
which implies that the HLM effect does not exist in Pakistan.
EVALUASI PENGANGGARAN KEUANGAN DAERAH DENGAN ANALISIS STANDAR BELANJA (ASB) TAHUN 2015-2017 (STUDI KASUS INSPEKTORAT KOTA BITUNG)
Authors: Winerungan Tressje , RUMATE VEKIE A , WALEWANGKO EEN N.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK ASB mendorong penetapan biaya dan pengalokasian anggaran kepada setiap aktivitas unit kerja menjadi lebih logis dan mendorong dicapainya efisiensi secara terus-menerus karena adanya perbandingan (benchmarking) biaya per unit setiap output dan diperoleh praktek-praktek terbaik (best practices) dalam desain aktivitas. Dengan kata lain, Analisis Standar Belanja (ASB) merupakan salah satu komponen yang harus dikembangkan sebagai dasar pengukuran kinerja keuangan dalam penyusunan anggaran berbasis kinerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahun bagaimanakah Analisis Standar Belanja Inspektorat Kota Bitung Tahun 2015-2017 Dan untuk mengetahui berapakah nilai minimum,  maksimum dan prosentase alokasi belanja setiap kegiatan Inspektorat Kota Bitung Tahun 2015-2017?Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan tentang Evaluasi Penganggaran Keuangan Daerah dengan Analisis Standar Belanja (ASB) di Inspektorat Kota Bitung. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Standar Belanja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  analisis Standar Belanja Inspektorat Kota Bitung Tahun 2015-2017 terdiri dari persentase/alokasi masing – masing belanja terhadap total belanja, diperoleh nilai minimum dan nilai maksimum untuk standar belanja. Persentase/alokasi masing – masing belanja terhadap total belanja memiliki nilai maksimum yaitu pada kegiatan/ belanja Tambahan penghasilan berdasarkan beban kerja dan memiliki nilai minimum yaitu pada kegiatan pembulatan gaji. Kata kunci : Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja, Analisis Standar Belanja ABSTRACT ASB encourages costing and budget allocation for each work unit becomes more important and continuous to benchmark cost per unit per output and best practices in the design of activities. In other words, Standard Spending Analysis (ASB) is one of the components that should be developed as a basis for performance-based budget performance. The purpose of the study is to know how the Analysis of Spectrum Expenditure Standard of Bitung City 2015-2017 And to find out what is the minimum, maximum and percentage of spending funds per activity Inspektorat Kota Bitung Year 2015-2017?This type of research is descriptive research. In this research that is describe about Evaluation of Local Budgeting (ASB) at Inspectorate of Bitung City. Data analysis used is Analysis of Shopping Standard. The results show that the Analysis of Bitung City Standard Expenditure 2015-2017 Year consists of the amount of each spending total, minimum minimum and maximum value for standard spending. Percentage / each - each spending on total spending has a maximum value that is on activities / shopping. Minimum cost and minimum cost at time of rounding of salary. Keywords: Performance-based budgeting, standard cost analysis
Aktivitas Antihiperglikemik dari Ekstrak Etanol dan Heksana Tumbuhan Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida [L.] Kunth) pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang Hiperglikemik
Authors: Togubu Sariyana , Momuat Lidya I. , Paendong Jessy E. , Salma Navila
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian kadar glukosa darah tikus wistar yang hiperglikemia pada pemberian ekstrak etanol dan heksana tumbuhan suruhan (Peperomia pellucida [L]. Kunth). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji toleransi glukosa, terhadap 16 ekor tikus jantan wistar yang hiperglikemia akibat diinduksi sukrosa. Selanjutnya, tikus dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) diberi CMC 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif (K+) diberi Glibenklamid dosis 0,45 mg/kgBB, kelompok ekstrak etanol tumbuhan suruhan (EETS) dosis 40 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok ekstrak heksana tumbuhan suruhan (EHTS) dosis 40 mg/kgBB. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor tikus. Kadar glukosa darah tikus diukur dengan alat Drglukometer pada menit ke-30, 60, dan 120 setelah diberikan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada menit ke-120, kadar glukosa darah tikus pada kelompok EETS dan EHTS masing-masing turun sebesar 54,57% dan 51,25%, dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan K(+). Kadar glukosa darah kelompok K(+) dan EETS pada menit ke-120 mencapai kadar yang sama dengan keadaan basal (normal). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan heksana tumbuhan suruhan dengan dosis 40 mg/KgBB memiliki efek hipoglikemik pada tikus jantan wistar yang hiperglikemia.A study on blood glucose level in hyperglycemic wistar rats treated with ethanol and hexane extracts of suruhan (Peperomia pellucida [L]. Kunth) had been done. This study used glucose tolerance test method applied on 16 male wistar rats which were hyperglycemic by sucrose induction. The rats were divided into four treatment groups, each of which contained four rats, which were negative control (K-) group treated with CMC 0.5%, positive control (K+) group treated with glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg body weight, group treated with ethanol extract of P. pellucida (EETS) 40 mg/kg body weight, and group treated with hexane extract of P. pellucida (EHTS) 40 mg/kg body weight. Glucose level in rat blood was measured using Drglucometer at minute 30, 60, and 120 after treatment. The results showed that at minute 120 the blood glucose level of EETS and EHTS was decreased by 54.57% and 51.25%, respectively, which were not significantly different from K(+). At minute 120, blood glucose of K(+) and EETS reached the same level with that of basal (normal) state. It was concluded that ethanol and hexane extract of P. pellucida 40 mg/kg body weight had hypoglycemic effect on hyperglycemic wistar rats.
Uji Kualitas Minyak Biji Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) yang diperoleh dengan Metode Soxhletasi
Authors: Kojong Vinny Ch. O. , Sangi Meiske S. , Pontoh Julius
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji kualitas minyak biji adas (Foeniculum vulgare) yang diperoleh dengan metode soxhletasi. Biji adas dikenal sebagai allround flavoring agent karena memiliki aroma yang khas, sehingga banyak digunakan dalam bidang farmasi maupun industri.  Minyak adas tergolong dalam minyak atsiri dengan komponen utamanya anetol yang memberikan aroma yang harum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas minyak biji adas yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan metode soxhletasi. Biji adas diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode soxhletasi. Rendemen yang diperoleh diuji kualitasnya berdasarkan standar Food Chemical Codex. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen rata-rata minyak biji adas adalah 34,95%. Minyak adas hasil soxhletasi yang diuji kualitasnya diperoleh hasil yang baik dengan nilai indeks bias 1,4779, bobot jenis 0,9873, kelarutan dalam alkohol 90% pada perbandingan 1:3 dan jernih pada perbandingan 1:7, dan bilangan asam rata-rata 2,81. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas minyak biji adas dengan metode soxhletasi memberikan hasil yang baik.A research aimed to determine fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed oil quality obtained by soxhletation had been accomplished. Fennel seed is known as all round flavoring agent for its distinctive odour and it is widely used in pharmaceutical and industrial fields. Fennel oil is an aromatic oil that contains anetol as its main component which gives a fragrant aroma. The objective of this research was to analyze the quality of fennel seed oil produced by using soxhlet. The analysis was based on the description by Food Chemical Codex. The average yield of fennel seed oil was 34.95% with refractive index of 1.47798 and specific gravity of 0.98732. The oil was soluble in alcohol 90% at a ratio of 1:3 and produce a clear miscible liquid at a ratio of 1:7. In additon, it had acid number of 2.809. The results showed that good quality fennel oil could be obtained by soxhletation.
Penentuan Barcode DNA berdasarkan Gen matK dan Analisis In-silico MatK Rumput Macan (Lantana camara L.)
Authors: Mokoagow Billy L.
Published: July 2019

DNA barcoding merupakan metode identifikasi spesies menggunakan potongan DNA pendek yang disebut barcode DNA. Gen matK merupakan gen standar untuk penentuan  barcode DNA tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan barcode DNA tumbuhan rumput macan (L. camara L.) berdasarkan gen matK, serta melakukan analisis in-silico terhadap produk gen matK tumbuhan rumput macan (L. camara L.) dengan kerabat terdekatnya. Gen matK L. camara L. telah berhasil diamplifikasi dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) menggunakan primer forward matK-1RKIM-f dan primer reverse matK-3FKIM-r. Analisis terhadap sekuens matK L. camara L. menunjukkan bahwa barcode DNA tumbuhan rumput macan (L. camara L.) terdiri dari 843 nukleotida. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis in-silico menunjukkan bahwa matK Lantana camara L. bersifat basa, stabil, dan dapat berinteraksi baik dengan air.DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using short pieces of DNA called DNA barcode. matK is a standard gene to determine DNA barcode of a plant. The aim of this research was to determine the DNA barcode of Rumput Macan plant (Lantana camara L.) based on matK gene, as well as in-silico analysis of the product matK gene Rumput Macan (L camara L.) with its closest relatives. L. camara L. matK gene was successfully amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using forward primer MATK-1RKIM-f and reverse primer MATK-3FKIM-r. Analysis of the matK sequence of L. camara L. showed that the barcode DNA of rumput macan plant (L. camara L.) consisting of 843 nucleotides. Furthermore, the result of in-silico analysis showed that the matK of L camara L. is alkaline, stable, and able to interact well with water.
Kualitas Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) Presto pada Beberapa Hari Penyimpanan
Authors: Lalompoh Christiviany A.
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kualitas ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) melalui proses presto pada beberapa hari penyimpanan. Ikan presto merupakan ikan yang direbus pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi sehingga menghasilkan ikan dengan duri yang lunak dan mudah untuk dikonsumsi. Pengolahan ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan bumbu dan tanpa bumbu. Lama penyimpanan bergantung pada kerusakan ikan. Kualitas ikan yang diukur adalah kadar protein, kadar air, kadar malondialdehid (MDA), dan Total Plate Count (TPC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein ikan cakalang presto pada semua perlakuan, mengalami peningkatan setelah melalui proses presto. Kadar air dan nilai TPC pada semua perlakuan dan kadar MDA pada pemberian bumbu, belum melewati batas mutu, sedangkan kadar MDA ikan Cakalang presto tanpa pemberian bumbu, sudah melewati batas mutu yang ada.Studies about the quality of Cakalang fish (Katsuwonus pelamis) through presto process on several days storage has been carried out. Presto fish is a fish boiled at high temperature and pressure to produces spines fish that soft and easily consumed. Fish processed by using seasoning and without seasoning. The storage time depends on the desstruction of fish. Fish quality that measured are protein content, water content, malondialdehid (MDA) content, and Total Plate Count (TPC). The results showed that the protein content of Cakalang presto of all treatmens increased through the presto process. Water content and TPC value of all treatments and MDA content of seasoning treatment yet to pass the quality line, while MDA content of Cakalang presto without seasoning treatment has passed the existing quality line.
Kadar Kolesterol Plasma Tikus Wistar pada Pemberiak Ekstrak Etanol dan Heksana dari Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus manihot L.)
Authors: Tubagus Tanza A.
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol dan heksana dari daun gedi merah terhadap kadar kolesterol plasma tikus wistar yang diberi pakan aterogenik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor tikus jantan, berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat 130-200 g, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan secara acak, yaitu kelompok K diberi pakan beras jagung, kelompok K- diberi pakan aterogenik, sedangkan kelompok P1 dan P2 diberi ekstrak etanol dan heksana dengan dosis 20 mg/KgBB. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus yang dilakukan 5 kali pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol dengan metode biosensor amperometrik dengan menggunakan alat ukur NESCO GCU. Data yang diperoleh dari pemeriksaan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah <(0,005). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak heksana dan ekstrak etanol daun gedi merah dengan dosis 20 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol sebesar 72% atau sekitar 12,8 mg/dL dan 14% atau sekitar 2,4 mg/dL, dibandingkan dengan dengan kelompok K-.The research had been done with the purpose were to study the influence of granting the ethanol and hexane extract of red gedi leaves on Wistar rats plasma cholesterol levels which were fed by atherogenics. This study used about 20 male rats, Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with a weight 130-200 g were divided into 4 groups randomly, for the grop of K were fed corn rice, group of K- were fed atherogenics, while the P1 and P2 were given ethanol and hexane extract with a dose of 20 mg/KgBW. Each treatment consisted of 5 rats were performed 5 times cholesterol checks with amperometric biosensor method using a measuring instrument NESCO GCU. Data obtained from the examination were analyzed using one-way ANOVA <(0.005). The results showed that the hexane extract and red gedi leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight can low down the cholesterol levels by 72% or approximately 12.8 mg / dL and 14%, or about 2.4 mg / dL, compared with the group K -.
Keragaman Lamun (Seagrass) di Pesisir Desa Lihunu Pulau Bangka Kecamatan Likupang Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Kamarrudin Zakiah Susanti , Rondonuwu Sendy B. , Maabuat Pience Veralyn
Published: July 2019

Lamun adalah tumbuhan berbunga yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada lingkungan laut dangkal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pesisir Desa Lihunu dengan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2015 saat surut terendah. Analisis data meliputi perhitungan dengan menggunakan rumus menurut Shannon & Wienner dan buku identifikasi lamun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat tujuh jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu, Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenberg) Ascherson, Cymodocea rotundata (Ehrenberg) Ascherson, Cymodocea serrulata (R. Brown) Ascherson, Halophila ovalis (R. Brwon) Hooker, Halodule pinifolia (Miki) den Hartog dan Syringodium isoetifolium (Ascherson) Dandy. Lamun Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii memiliki penyebaran terluas, karena ditemukan di seluruh transek pada lokasi penelitian. Jenis yang jarang dijumpai adalah Halophila ovalis dan Cymodocea serrulata. Jumlah individu lamun yang ditemukan adalah 2316 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman di Pesisir Desa Lihunu memperlihatkan bahwa di wilayah ini keanekaragaman jenis lamun sedang dengan H’ = 1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3.Seagrass is flowering plants that can grow so well in shallow marine environments. This research was conducted in Seashore Lihunu Village on August 2015 using field observation with purposive random sampling when low withdraw. Data analysis was performed using the formula of Shannon-Wienner and identification of seagrass. Results obtained in this research showed that there are seven types of seagrass, namely Enhalus acoroides (L.f) Royle, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenberg) Ascherson, Cymodocea rotundata (Ehrenberg) Ascherson, Cymodocea serrulata (R. Brown) Ascherson, Halophila ovalis (R. Brwon) Hooker, Halodule pinifolia (Miki) den Hartog and Syringodium isoetifolium (Ascherson) Dandy. Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii have wide distribution because they can be found in all transect line at research site. Species that are rarely found are Halophila ovalis and Cymodocea serrulata. Number of individual found was 2316 individuals. Value of diversity index at Seashore Lihunu Village showed that this area has moderate seagrass diversity with H’ = 1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3.
Biodiversitas Burung pada Beberapa Tipe Habitat di Kampus Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Authors: Rumanasari Ratih Dwi , Saroyo Saroyo , Katili Deidy Y.
Published: July 2019

Burung merupakan salah satu hewan yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan kehidupan manusia sejak dahulu kala. Fungsi ekologis burung yaitu sebagai penyebar biji dan penyerbuk alami. Burung juga dimanfaatkan manusia sebagai bahan makanan serta sebagai hewan peliharaan, bahkan burung juga turut berperan dalam berbagai budaya masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat biodiversitas burung di daerah Kampus Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado berdasarkan nilai indeks Shannon-Wiener. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2016-Maret 2017. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat sembilan jenis yang ditemukan yaitu, Butorides striatus, Collocalia esculenta, Passer montanus, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Geopelia striata, Gallirallus torquatus, Hirundo tahitica, Nectarinia jugularis, dan Halcyon chloris. Burung yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Collocalia esculenta dan yang paling sedikit adalah Butorides striatus. Indeks keanekaragaman dari burung yang diamati termasuk dalam kategori sedang melimpah yaitu, 1,638.Bird is one of the animals that has a closed relationship with human life since a long time ago. The ecological functions of birds are as natural seed dispersers and pollinators. Birds are also used by humans as food material and as a pet, even birds also play a role in various cultures of society. This study aims to determine the level of bird biodiversity in the area of University of Sam Ratulangi Manado based on Shannon-Wiener index value. This study used purposive sampling method conducted in December 2016-March 2017. Based on the results of the study there were nine species found, namely Butorides striatus, Collocalia esculenta, Passer montanus, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Geopelia striata, Gallirallus torquatus, Hirundo tahitica, Nectarinia jugularis, and Halcyon chloris. The most bird that commonly found is Collocalia esculenta and the fewest is Butorides striatus. The index diversity value of birds is 1,638 that belongs to abundant category.
Pembuatan dan Pemurnian Etanol Dari Nira Aren dengan Menggunakan Teknik Destilasi Refluks
Authors: Manialup Beni H. , Sangian Hanny F. , Suoth Verna A.
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan pembuatan dan pemurnian etanol dari nira aren dengan menggunakan teknik destilasi refluks. Etanol didapatkan dari air nira pohon aren yang telah terfermentasi secara alamiah dan didestilasi menggunakan teknik refluks untuk memperoleh kemurnian 70-96% (v/v). Konsentrasi etanol dalam kaldu yang digunakan dalam pemanasan adalah 30% dengan volume total 7 L dalam ketel (boiler). Sebelum separasi dimulai dilakukan pengeringan (drying) pada kolom dan kondensor dengan tujuan untuk memisahkan sisa air yang terdapat didalamnya. Hasil menunjukan bahwa etanol kemurnian 70%, 85%, 90%, 95% dan 96% diperoleh pada proses pemanasan dengan suhu kolom atas 82, 81, 79.3, 78.3, dan 78.5 ºC.Ethanol was been prepared and purified by using a reflux distillation method. Ethanol was obtained from a sap water tapped of the palm tree (arenga pinnata) and then was distilled by a reflux separation technique. The ethanol concentration obtained a range of 70-90% (v/v), the concentration of yeasted liquor filled inside boiler was of 30% with a volume 7 L. Prior to a separation conducted the reflux colomn was dried by flowing a warm air aiming remove a remnant water from the packing materials. The result showed that the ethanol with the concentration of 70%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 96% were obtained by setting the column temperature at 82, 81, 79.3, 78.3, 78.5ºC.
Kualitas Air Sungai Dimembe Di Sekitar Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Izin Kecamatan Dimembe Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Makatipu Christian D. , Koleangan Harry S.J. , Wuntu Audy
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan tingkat pencemaran air sungai Dimembe  dengan Parameter yang diukur adalah pH, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD serta penentuan kadar logam yaitu Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn dan Cu. Hasil pengujian setiap parameter pada keempat titik sampel secara berturut-turut sebagai berikut : pH : T1 (7,4) T2 (7,06) T3 (7,14) dan T4 (7,35). COD : 2, 8, 3 dan 3 mg/L. BOD : 1, 1,2, 1 dan 1 mg/L. DO : 6,44, 6,64, 6,85 dan 6,64 mg/L.   TSS : 11, 10,5, 12 dan 9,5 mg/L. TDS : 210, 198, 230 dan 242 mg/L. Hg : < 0,0004 mg/L pada keempat titik sampel. Cu :< 0.0004 mg/L pada keempat titik sampel. Pb : T1 < 0,0006 mg/L, T4 < 0,0008 mg/L sedangkan untuk T2 dan T3 tidak terbaca pada alat yang digunakan karena jumlah kandungan logamnya sedikit. Mn :< 0,0008 mg/L pada setiap titik sampel. Cd : 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, dan 0.0014 mg/L. Hasil pengujian untuk setiap parameter dan kandungan logam memiliki nilai yang tidak melewati batas standar baku mutu yang ditetapkan dalam PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 sehingga dapat dinyatakan kualitas air sungainya masih baikResearch has been carried out to determine the level of contamination of Dimembe river water with the parameters measured are pH, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD and determination of metal content namely Hg, Pb, Cd, Mn and Cu. The test results for each parameter on the four sample points are respectively as follows: pH: T1 (7.4) T2 (7.06) T3 (7.14) and T4 (7.35). COD: 2, 8, 3 and 3 mg / L. BOD: 1, 1,2, 1 and 1 mg / L. DO: 6.44, 6.64, 6.85 and 6.64 mg / L. TSS: 11, 10,5, 12 and 9.5 mg / L. TDS: 210, 198, 230 and 242 mg / L. Hg: <0,0004 mg / L on all four sample points. Cu: <0,0004 mg / L on all four sample points. Pb: T1 <0,0006 mg / L, T4 <0,0008 mg / L while for T2 and T3 it is not readable on the tool used because of the small amount of metal content. Mn: <0,0008 mg / L at each sample point. Cd: 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.0014 mg / L. The test results for each parameter and metal content have values that do not exceed the limits of the quality standard set in PP No. 82 of 2001 so that the river water quality can be stated is still good
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) Untuk Meningkatkan Respon Imun Non Spesifik Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Pasaribu Wesly , Longdong Sammy N.J
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research was  to determine the most effective dose and the best induction time of  Impatiens balsamina extract in enhancing nonspesific immune response of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).  The tested fish were nile tilapia, 14-16 cm in length, and  39-42 g in weight, obtained from Balai Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Pembudidayaan Ikan (BP3I) Tateli. The  research was designed in 2x4 factorial in completely randomized design.  There were  two factors   tested  in this research, the dose  and  time.  There were four levels of dose,  A1 = 0 mg/mL extract, A2= 30 mg/mL extract, A3= 50 mg/mL extract, A4= 70 mg/mL extract; and there were  two levels of time,  B1= 7 days after injection and B2=14 days after injection.   The extract was injected intramuscularly  with a dose of  0.2 mL per fish.   Data collected in this research was the immune parameters (total leucocyte count and phagocytosis activity). The results showed that the most effective dose in enhancing nonspesific immune response was   A1=50 mg/mL extract and the best induction time was  B1= 7 day after injection.   The results also indicated  that there was significant  interaction between  dose and time in influencing  the total amount of leucocyte, but there was not  interaction in influencing the phagocytic activities. Keywords : Impatiens balsamina, immune Response, total leucocyte count, phagocytosis activity.
Kajian kualitas air pada area budidaya kurungan jaring tancap (KJT) di Danau Tutud Desa Tombatu Tiga Kecamatan Tombatu Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara
Authors: Tokah Christian , Undap Suzanne L. , Longdong Sammy N.J.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to measure and assess the physical and chemical parameters of water quality in the area of ​​fixnet cage cultureat Lake Tutud Tombatu TigaVillagewhich included temperature, pH, DO, TDS, NO3, NO2, NH3 and PO4 in a different time.This research was conducted from August to November 2016. The research activities consisted of direct measurements in the field (in situ) using a Horiba instrument and laboratory analysis (ex situ) at the Agency for Industrial Research and Development Research Institute of Standardization and Industrial Manado. Determination points were done by purposive sampling which refers to the physiographic location wherever possible in order to represent or describe these waters.Water quality measured at4 stations using a Horiba at a depth of 0.5 meters from the bottom of the lake.Station I represented Inlet water, Station II where the cultivation A, Station III where the cultivation B and Station IVwhere no cultivation. The data obtained and collected were primary data i.e., measurement of physical and chemical parameters of water quality as well as watching for signs of sick fish, dead fish, and the growth of farmed fish.The results showed the water temperature ranged between 28-29 ° C, TDS 0266-0412 mg/L and chemical parameters for dissolved oxygen 2-5 mg/L, pH 7-8 and for the results of laboratory analysis, N03(0.7 - 6.3 mg/L), NO2(0001-0002 mg/L), NH3 (0180-1920 mg/L), PO4(0020-0209 mg/L). In general, the existence of water quality of lake Tutud were still in good condition except for NH3 concentrationthat exceeded quality standard limitsof Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Basically lake Tutud can still be used for fish farming, but the addition of new cages were not recommended.   Keywords: Lake Tutud,water quality, physical parameters, chemical parameters, fix net cage
Administrasi oral imunostimulan ragi roti (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus Carpio L.)
Authors: Razak Atiek P. , Kreckhoff Reni L. , Watung Juliaan Ch.
Published: July 2019

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of baker’s yeast as immunostimulant on the growth of carp.  Fish was obtained from Board of Freshwater Aquaculture at Tatelu, North Sulawesi Province.  Before running the experiment, the fish was acclimatized for one week in five concrete tanks measuring 2x1x1 m3 each. During acclimatization, fish was fed commercial pellet at 5%/body weight/day, twice a day.  After acclimatizationm, the fish was distributed in 15 aquaria with a density of 25 individuals per aquarium.  The research used Complete Randomized Design with five treatments namely 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g yeast/kg of pellet, each with three replications.  Fish was fed with treatment pellets for three weeks consecutively at a dose of 5%/body weight/day, twice a day at 08.00 am and 16.00 pm. Growth of fish was measured at the end of feeding period.  The result showed that the addition of baker’s yeast cells into fish feed significantly influenced fish growth. The best growth was achieved in fish fed pellet supplemented with 5 g yeast/kg of pellet.Keywords : Cyprinus carpio, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, immunostimulant, growth
Sensitivitas ekstrak tanaman kemangi (Ocimum sactum) terhadap bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Sambuaga Mutiara E. , Longdong Sammy N.J. , Manoppo Henky
Published: July 2019

The research was conducted to appraise the antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sactum extract on A. hydrophila. Fresh basil was purchased from the local market,  put in plastic bags and brought to Laboratory of Fish Health, Environment, and Toxicology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Sam Ratulangi University.  The basil was cleaned and separated between trunk and leaf, and then macerated in alcohol 70% at room temperature for 24 hours. The extract was filtered using Whatman paper and evaporated using rotary evaporator. Paper disc (diameter: 6 mm) was immersed in the extract,  placed on TSA previously inoculated with A. hydrophila, and incubated at 28oC for 24 hours.  The result showed  that trunk and leaf extracted with alcohol 70% did not inhibit the grow of bacteria while aquades extract was able to inhibit growth of bacteria indicated by the present of clear zone around the paper discs with a diameter of 16.5 mm for leaf and 20.5 mm for basil trunk. The ability of these two extracts to inhibit the growth of bacteria was categorized as strong. Thus, aquades extract of basil was able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: Ocimum sactum, antimicrobial, disc diffusion method, medicinal plant,  inhibition zone
Cranioplasty: A New Perspective
Authors: Mostafa Elkatatny Amr Abdelmonam Abdelaziz , Eldabaa Karim Abdelaziz
Published: July 2019

AIM: This work aims to present the different indication, benefits, possible complications and methods used for fixation of methyl methacrylate in cranioplasty. Also, 50 cases will be presented demonstrating the different aetiologies of the defects, and the different techniques used for fixation of methyl methacrylate in cranioplasty. METHODS: This investigation included a prospective study to be carried out on 50 patients with cranial defects of different aetiologies, sites and sizes to be operated upon in Cairo University Hospitals starting from August 2016 to April 2017.RESULTS: The principal aims of cranioplasty in this study are to restore aesthetic contour and to provide cerebral protection. However, it has been noted that a great improvement occurs in cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion after cranioplasty. CONCLUSION: Ball and socket technique appear to be a simple, safe economic and efficient method for fixation of cranioplasty flap. The high incidence of development of postoperative seroma suggests the necessity of-of a subgaleal drain placement for 48 hours.
Two new species of Hygrophorus from temperate Himalayan Oak forests of Pakistan
Authors: Naseer Arooj , Khalid Abdul Nasir , Healy Rosanne , Smith Matthew E.
Published: July 2019

The genus Hygrophorus is poorly studied from Asia. From Pakistan, only one species has been reported so far. Two new species in the genus have been collected from Himalayan oak forests of Pakistan. Hygrophorusalboflavescens (section Pudorini, subgenus Colorati) is characterised by its pure white, centrally depressed pileus, occurrence of white stipe with yellow patches at lower half and broader (4.98 μm) basidiospores. Hygrophorusscabrellus (section Hygrophorus, subgenus Hygrophorus) is characterised by its yellowish-green stipe with white apex that has fine scales on the entire stipe, an off-white pileus with dark green and greyish fibrils, ovoid to ellipsoid basidiospores and clavate 4-spored basidia. Macro- and micromorphological descriptions have revealed that both these taxa are not yet described. Phylogenetic estimation based on DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes, is congruent with the morphological characters that help to delimit these as new species of Hygrophorus. Allied taxa are also compared.
Competence of future teachers in the digital security area
Authors: Gallego-Arrufat María-Jesús , Torres-Hernández Norma , Pessoa Teresa
Published: July 2019

The use of technologies and the Internet poses problems and risks related to digital security. This article presents the results of a study on the evaluation of the digital competence of future teachers in the DigCompEdu European framework. 317 undergraduate students from Spain and Portugal answered a questionnaire with 59 items, validated by experts, in order to assess the level and predominant competence profile in initial training (including knowledge, uses and interactions and attitudinal patterns). The results show that 47% of the participants belong to the profile of teachers at medium digital risk, evidencing habitual practices that involve risks such as sharing information and digital content inappropriately, not using strong passwords, and ignoring concepts such as identity, digital “footprint” and digital reputation. The average valuations of each item in the seven categories show that future teachers have an average competence in the area of digital security. They have good attitudes toward security but less knowledge and fewer skills and practices related to the safe and responsible use of the Internet. Future lines of work are proposed, aimed at responding to the demand for a better prepared and more digitally competent citizenry. The demand for education in security, privacy and digital identity is becoming increasingly important, and these elements form an essential part of initial training.

El uso de las tecnologías e Internet plantea problemas y riesgos relacionados con la seguridad digital. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la evaluación de la competencia digital de futuros docentes en el marco europeo DigCompEdu. Participan 317 estudiantes de Grado de España y Portugal. Se aplica un cuestionario con 59 ítems validado por expertos con el objeto de conocer el nivel y perfil competencial predominante en la formación inicial (incluyendo conocimientos, usos e interacciones y patrones actitudinales). Los resultados muestran que el 47% de los participantes pertenecen al perfil de docentes en riesgo digital medio, evidenciando prácticas habituales que conllevan riesgos tales como compartir información y contenidos digitales de forma inapropiada, no utilizar contraseñas seguras, y desconocer conceptos como identidad, huella o reputación digital. Las valoraciones medias de cada ítem en las siete categorías evidencian que los futuros docentes poseen una competencia media en el área de seguridad digital. Tienen buenas actitudes hacia la seguridad, pero menos conocimientos, habilidades y prácticas relacionadas con el uso seguro y responsable de Internet. Se plantean futuras líneas de trabajo enfocadas a dar respuesta a la exigencia de una ciudadanía mejor preparada y más competente digitalmente. La demanda de formación en seguridad, privacidad e identidad digital está siendo cada vez más importante, reconociéndose que es muy necesaria en la formación inicial.
Des « Blancs honoraires » ?
Authors: Delon Margot
Published: July 2019

Peu étudiés, les immigrés et descendants d’immigrés portugais occupent une position originale dans les dynamiques de stratification en France. Disposant de capitaux économiques, ils accèdent plus rarement aux positions les plus dominantes sur les marchés des titres scolaires et de l’emploi. À partir d’une enquête par entretiens, observations, archives et statistiques, l’article décrit les trajectoires socio-résidentielles de ce groupe afin de saisir les processus de racialisation ainsi que les hiérarchies auxquelles ils contribuent, relativement à d’autres groupes issus de l’immigration. À ces fins, la catégorie de « Blanc honoraire », créée dans le contexte étasunien, est employée pour rendre compte de l’importance des groupes intermédiaires dans les hiérarchies ethno-raciales. Cette catégorie permet de saisir tant le privilège dont bénéficient les personnes d’origine portugaise relativement aux minorités coloniales et postcoloniales que le caractère ambigu et précaire de ce privilège. Pour être effectif, ce dernier suppose en effet l’adhésion et la reproduction des attentes du groupe dominant, notamment en ce qui concerne le fait de se distinguer de groupes stigmatisés. L’étude de la façon dont ce privilège a été en partie construit par les politiques de l’immigration et de l’habitat précaire dans l’après-guerre montre également combien la racialisation est loin d’avoir été linéaire et uniforme. Ce processus a créé des conditions de socialisation congruentes avec certaines aspirations migratoires des familles dans les bidonvilles, ce qui a durablement structuré les trajectoires et les manières de se positionner des personnes qui y ont grandi.