bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into air pollution chemistry and sulphate formation from nitrous acid (HONO) measurements during haze events in Beijing
Authors: Bloss William J. , Kramer Louisa , Crilley Leigh R. , Vu Tuan , Harrison Roy M. , Shi Zongbo , Lee James D. , Squires Freya A. , Whalley Lisa K. , Slater Eloise , Woodward-Massey Robert , Ye Chunxiang , Heard Dwayne E. , Tong Shengrui , Hou Siqi , Sun Yele , Xu Jingsha , Wei Lianfang , Fu Pingqing
Published: September 2020

We integrate observations of gas phase species and time-resolved aerosol composition to explore observational constraints on the mechanisms responsible for sulphate growth during the onset of haze events in Beijing.
Sustainable access to renewable N-containing chemicals from reductive amination of biomass-derived platform compounds
Authors: He Jian , Chen Lulu , Liu Shima , Song Ke , Yang Song , Riisager Anders
Published: September 2020

The latest studies in synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds from various bio-based platform molecules are systematically summarized and discussed in this review.
Production of a sustainable and renewable biomass-derived monomer: conceptual process design and techno-economic analysis
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Choi Julius , Park Junhyung , Won Wangyun
Published: September 2020

A new process is developed to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from cellulose and evaluated via techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment.
Visible light-catalytic hydroxylation of aryl halides with water to phenols by carbon nitride and nickel complex cooperative catalysis
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Tong Min , Yang Yanan , Zhang Bingyu , Liu Helong , Li Hexing , Zhang Fang
Published: September 2020

The efficient conversion of aryl halides to phenols under mild reaction conditions remains a great challenge.
Expeditious and sustainable two-step synthesis of sinapoyl-l-malate and analogues: towards non-endocrine disruptive bio-based and water-soluble bioactive compounds
Authors: Peyrot Cédric , Mention Matthieu M. , Fournier Robin , Brunissen Fanny , Couvreur Julien , Balaguer Patrick , Allais Florent
Published: September 2020

Straightforward and sustainable two-step route to bioactive sinapoyl-l-malate and analogues using Meldrum's acid opening and Knoevenagel-Doebner condensation.
Microfluidics-enabled 96-well perfusion system for high-throughput tissue engineering and long-term all-optical electrophysiology
Authors: Wei Lai , Li Weizhen , Entcheva Emilia , Li Zhenyu
Published: September 2020

This work demonstrates a novel high-throughput (HT) microfluidics-enabled uninterrupted perfusion system (HT-μUPS) and validates its use with chronic all-optical electrophysiology in human excitable cells.
On-chip density-based sorting of supercooled droplets and frozen droplets in continuous flow
Authors: Porter Grace C. E. , Sikora Sebastien N. F. , Shim Jung-uk , Murray Benjamin J. , Tarn Mark D.
Published: September 2020

We present a microfluidic platform for the continuous separation of frozen and unfrozen droplets based on differences in their density, allowing their sorting into different outlet channels with high efficiency towards applications in ice nucleation.
Tailored viscoelasticity of a polymer cellular structure through nanoscale entanglement of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ghosh Rituparna , Misra Abha
Published: September 2020

CNT–CNT entanglement in a microstructure demonstrated a direct impact on both strength and viscosity of the structure.
Fast-synthesis and catalytic property of heterogeneous Co-MOF catalysts for the epoxidation of α-pinene with air
Authors: Zhang Haifu , He Jie , Lu Xinhuan , Yang Lu , Wang Chenlong , Yue Fanfan , Zhou Dan , Xia Qinghua
Published: September 2020

A method for synthesizing Co-MOF by rapidly rotating hydrothermal crystallization is proposed. When the rotation speed was 150 rpm, only 2 h was needed to synthesize Co-MOF-150-2 with high catalytic activity and stability.
Amino-functionalized Zn metal organic frameworks as antitumor drug curcumin carriers
Authors: Cai Mengru , Qin Liuying , Pang Linnuo , Ma Baorui , Bai Jie , Liu Jing , Dong Xiaoxv , Yin Xingbin , Ni Jian
Published: September 2020

The tunability of their structure and function is why metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in drug carrier research.
Construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters by catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition to cyclic enones in natural product synthesis
Authors: Wang Zhuo
Published: September 2020

This review discusses the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters using catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition and its application in natural product synthesis.
Recent developments in dehydration of primary amides to nitriles
Authors: Ganesan Muthupandian , Nagaraaj Paramathevar
Published: September 2020

Various dehydration methods available for the direct conversion of amides to the corresponding nitriles have been reviewed.
How does the nickel catalyst control the doubly enantioconvergent coupling of racemic alkyl nucleophiles and electrophiles? The rebound mechanism
Authors: Zhang Chaoshen , Lu Yu , Zhao Ruihua , Chen Xiang-Yu , Wang Zhi-Xiang
Published: September 2020

DFT mechanistic study unveils that the rebound mechanism is the key to the nickel-catalyzed doubly enantioconvergent C(sp3)–C(sp3) coupling of racemic alkyl nucleophiles and electrophiles.
A N-doped porous carbon derived from deep eutectic solvent for adsorption of organic contaminants from aqueous or oil solution
Authors: Xiong Chunyan , Liu Fuchuan , Gao Jiajun , Jiang Xingmao
Published: September 2020

Porous N-doped carbon material (NCM) derived from deep eutectic solvent (DES) is successfully prepared.
Facile construction of Fe, N and P co-doped carbon spheres by carbothermal strategy for the adsorption and reduction of U(vi)
Authors: Dong Zhimin , Zhang Zhibin , Zhou Runze , Dong Yayu , Wei Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhijian , Wang Youqun , Dai Ying , Cao Xiaohong , Liu Yunhai
Published: September 2020

The constructed novel magnetic carbon sphere co-doped by N, P, Fe (Fe/P-CN) exhibits high U(vi) removal efficiency, excellent magnetic separation and reusability, evidencing the potential practical applications in environmental remediation.
Alcohol amine-catalyzed CO2 conversion for the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione in water
Authors: Sheng Zhi-Zheng , Huang Min-Min , Xue Teng , Xia Fei , Wu Hai-Hong
Published: September 2020

Commercial DEA is proposed for efficiently promoting the cyclization of CO2 and 2-aminobenzonitrile to quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (up to 94% yield) while water acts as the solvent and co-catalyst.
LiCl-promoted amination of β-methoxy amides (γ-lactones)
Authors: Zhao Ru , Zeng Bing-Lin , Jia Wen-Qiang , Zhao Hong-Yi , Shen Long-Ying , Wang Xiao-Jian , Pan Xian-Dao
Published: September 2020

The amination of β-methoxy amides (γ-lactones) including natural products michelolide, costunolide and parthenolide derivatives were first developed by using lithium chloride.
Low defects potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate as a superior cathode for aqueous potassium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Kunjie , Li Zhaopeng , Jin Ting , Jiao Lifang
Published: September 2020

Aqueous alkali ion batteries attract increasing attention due to their merits of being safety, eco-friendly and low cost.
Enhanced cycling stability of high-voltage lithium metal batteries with a trifunctional electrolyte additive
Authors: Chen Huiyang , Chen Jiawei , Zhang Wenguang , Xie Qiming , Che Yanxia , Wang Huirong , Xing Lidan , Xu Kang , Li Weishan
Published: September 2020

Excellent cycling performance of 5 V lithium metal batteries is successfully achieved via applying a trifunctional electrolyte additive, TTS.
Structural insight into the catalytic mechanism and inhibitor binding of aminopeptidase A
Authors: Couvineau Pierre , De Almeida Hugo , Leroux Vincent , Roques Bernard , Maigret Bernard , Llorens-Cortes Catherine , Iturrioz Xavier
Published: September 2020

Aminopeptidase A (APA) is a membrane-bound monozinc aminopeptidase. In the brain, APA generates angiotensin III which exerts a tonic stimulatory effect on the control of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive animals. The oral administration of RB150 renamed firibastat by WHO, an APA inhibitor prodrug, targeting only the S1 subsite, decreases BP in hypertensive patients from various ethnic origins. To identify new families of potent and selective APA inhibitors, we explored the organization of the APA active site, especially the S2′ subsite. By molecular modeling, docking, molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed mutagenesis, we revealed that Arg368 and Arg386, in the S2′ subsite of human APA established various types of interactions in major part with the P2′ residue but also with the P1′ residue of APA inhibitors, required for their nanomolar inhibitory potency. We also demonstrated an important role for Arg368 in APA catalysis, in maintaining the structural integrity of the GAMEN motif, a conserved sequence involved in exopeptidase specificity and optimal positioning of the substrate in monozinc aminopeptidases. This arginine together with the GAMEN motif are key players for the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes.
A structure model explaining the binding between a ubiquitous unconventional G-protein (OsYchF1) and a plant-specific C2-domain protein (OsGAP1) from rice
Authors: Cheung Ming-Yan , Ngo Jacky Chi-Ki , Chen Zhongzhou , Jia Qi , Li Tianjie , Gou Yitao , Wang Yi , Lam Hon-Ming
Published: September 2020

The unconventional G-protein OsYchF1 plays regulatory roles in plant defense and abiotic stress responses. We have previously resolved the crystal structures of OsYchF1 and its plant-specific regulator, OsGAP1, and determined the residues on OsGAP1 that are essential for its binding to OsYchF1. In this study, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to identify four critical residues on the TGS domain of OsYchF1 that are critical for its binding to OsGAP1. We also generated a docking model of the OsYchF1 : OsGAP1 complex to dissect the molecular basis of their interactions. Our finding not only reveals the roles of the key interacting residues controlling the binding between OsYchF1 and OsGAP1, but also provides a working model on the potential regulatory mechanism mediated by a TGS domain, particularly in the class of GTPase of the OBG family.
Thriving, and not simply surviving, during your PhD
Authors: Elder Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

When imagining the life of a PhD student, you might think of a lonely figure performing experiments late at night, fuelled by microwave meals and coffee. This was at least the impression I received while I was applying for PhD positions, and sadly it was the reality for many of my peers. I knew this kind of lifestyle would make me unhappy and I could not manage 3+ years of working like that. So, how can it be avoided?
MicroRNA-26a inhibits wound healing through decreased keratinocytes migration by regulating ITGA5 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Zhongping , Wei Jie , Yang Weize , Li Wen , Liu Feng , Yan Xiaojie , Yan Xiaowei , Hu Niandan , Li Jia
Published: September 2020

Background: Keratinocyte migration is essential for skin wound healing and recent studies demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the differentiation, migration and apoptosis in keratinocytes. However, the function of miR-26a in wound healing remains to be largely explored.

Methods: Northern blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the miR-26a expression and Western blot was used to detect integrin α-5 (ITGA5), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), p-PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT) and p-AKT protein expression in immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) after 2 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. Transwell assay and Wound healing assay were introduced to measure the cell migration of HaCaT cells. TargetScan online database, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were employed to confirm the relationship between miR-26a and ITGA5.

Results: The RNA expression of miR-26a was down-regulated and ITGA5 protein expression was up-regulated by TGF-β1 treatment in HaCaT and NHEK cells in a time-dependent manner. MiR-26a overexpression inhibited the migration of HaCaT cells induced by TGF-β1 while miR-26a inhibitor enhanced the migration. ITGA5 was a downstream target mRNA and regulated by miR-26a. ITGA5 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-26a on migration in HaCaT, while ITGA5 knockdown attenuated the stimulative effect of miR-26a inhibitor in HaCaT via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion: MiR-26a overexpression inhibited TGF-β1 induced HaCaT cells migration via down-regulating ITGA5 through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Merchant transmission investment by generation companies
Authors: Karimi Maziar , Kheradmandi Morteza , Pirayesh Abolfazl
Published: September 2020

Budget constraints may cause delays in the development of transmission expansion projects. These delays increase the probability of congestion in power systems. The congestions preclude a non‐discriminatory access of Generation Companies (GenCos) to transmission network, thus leading to financial losses to certain GenCos. On the other hand, a higher degree of risk is involved in transmission investment, and a long time period is required to return the capital cost. It would, therefore, be effective to offer structures to promote merchant investments in order to lighten the financial burden on the transmission service provider to avoid lengthy delays. This paper proposes a structure to involve the GenCos in merchant transmission investment. The rationale for engaging in such projects is that, as well as the profit from the merchant investment, the GenCos could make further profit from energy production by gaining improved access to load areas. The merchant investment cost of the transmission project is returned through long‐term firm contracts together with revenues from financial transmission right. The most profitable plan of the GenCo is identified by conducting a cost‐benefit analysis among expansion plans specified by the transmission system operator.
Approximate‐derivative‐based signal‐processing method to segment power‐quality disturbances
Authors: Akmaz Düzgün
Published: September 2020

The increasing complexity of power systems and the increase in power quality (PQ) data have made it necessary to develop different and simple signal‐processing tools. In this study, an approximate‐derivative (AD) signal‐processing tool based on a simple mathematical processing approach was developed for the segmentation of PQ disturbances. Although the developed method was highly effective for the segmentation of noise‐free signals, the method was unable to properly handle the segmentation of noisy signals. Thus, to mitigate this situation, a denoising method based on the Sqtwolog threshold was applied to the noisy signals. After denoising, the proposed AD method effectively performed the segmentation. Subsequently, AD and a single‐level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with Daubechies 4 mother wavelets were compared through simulations, which showed that successful results can be obtained using the proposed method. Furthermore, all simulations showed that the application of AD and single‐level DWT to PQ signals under different conditions resulted in similar patterns with different amplitudes. Therefore, this study provides a different approach for analysing signal using single‐level DWT.
Strong tracking extended particle filter for manoeuvring target tracking
Authors: Ge Zhilei , Jia Guocai , Zhi Yuanqi , Zhang Xiaorong , Zhang Jingyi
Published: September 2020

To improve the stability and accuracy of manoeuvring target tracking in three‐dimensional space based on the angle of arrival (AOA) and its rate of change observations, this study presents a new observation fusion method by fusing the received signal strength (RSS) with AOA and the rate of change of AOA. To enhance the adaptive ability of traditional strong tracking extended particle filter (TSTEPF) against model mismatch, this study re‐determines the position of the fading factor in the strong tracking extended Kalman filter based on the orthogonal principle and gives the calculating method. And by combining the method with the particle filter, a new strong tracking extended particle filter (STEPF) algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that after fusing RSS into the observation model, the tracking speed and precision are both improved, especially precision, as the position root‐mean‐square error has a 58% decline on average. And it is found that STEPF proposed in this study has a more stable adaptive ability than TSTEPF, and is superior in terms of position, velocity, and acceleration estimation accuracy.
Improved underwater acoustic imaging with non‐uniform spatial resampling RL deconvolution
Authors: Mei Jidan , Pei Yuqing , Zakharov Yuriy , Sun Dajun , Ma Chao
Published: September 2020

Underwater acoustic imaging (UAI) can be utilised to observe the spatial distribution of a near‐field sound source. The image quality depends on the resolution and sidelobe level of conventional beamforming. The linear array‐based UAI can be considered as deconvolution of a two‐dimensional point spread function shift‐variant model. The performance of UAI can be improved via innovative deconvolution algorithms. In this study, a non‐uniform spatial resampling Richardson–Lucy (RL) fast algorithm is designed in which the amount of samples is determined by the power of the UAI output. This allows for a significant decrease in the number of samples compared to the traditional RL algorithm with similar positioning accuracy. Computer simulations and sea trials are performed to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
High-energy gamma-ray study of the dynamically young SNR G150.3+4.5
Authors: Devin J. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Grondin M.-H. , Castro D. , Ballet J. , Cohen J. , Hewitt J. W.
Published: September 2020

Aims. The supernova remnant (SNR) G150.3+4.5 was recently discovered in the radio band; it exhibits a shell-like morphology with an angular size of ~ 3°, suggesting either an old or a nearby SNR. Extended γ-ray emission spatially coincident with the SNR was reported in the Fermi Galactic Extended Source Catalog, with a power-law spectral index of Γ = 1.91 ± 0.09. Studying particle acceleration in SNRs through their γ-ray emission is of primary concern to assess the nature of accelerated particles and the maximum energy they can reach.

Methods. Using more than ten years of Fermi-LAT data, we investigate the morphological and spectral properties of the SNR G150.3+4.5 from 300 MeV to 3 TeV. We use the latest releases of the Fermi-LAT catalog, the instrument response functions and the Galactic and isotropic diffuse emissions. We use ROSAT all-sky survey data to assess any thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission, and we derive minimum and maximum distance to G150.3+4.5.

Results. We describe the γ-ray emission of G150.3+4.5 by an extended component which is found to be spatially coincident with the radio SNR. The spectrum is hard and the detection of photons up to hundreds of GeV points towards an emission from a dynamically young SNR. The lack of X-ray emission gives a tight constraint on the ambient density n0 ≤ 3.6 × 10−3 cm−3. Since G150.3+4.5 is not reported as a historical SNR, we impose a lower limit on its age of t = 1 kyr. We estimate its distance to be between 0.7 and 4.5 kpc. We find that G150.3+4.5 is spectrally similar to other dynamically young and shell-type SNRs, such as RX J1713.7−3946 or Vela Junior. The broadband nonthermal emission is explained with a leptonic scenario, implying a downstream magnetic field of B = 5 μG and acceleration of particles up to few TeV energies.
The structure and characteristic scales of molecular clouds
Authors: Dib Sami , Bontemps Sylvain , Schneider Nicola , Elia Davide , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Shadmehri Mohsen , Arzoumanian Doris , Motte Frédérique , Heyer Mark , Nordlund Åke , Ladjelate Bilal
Published: September 2020

The structure of molecular clouds holds important clues regarding the physical processes that lead to their formation and subsequent dynamical evolution. While it is well established that turbulence imprints a self-similar structure onto the clouds, other processes, such as gravity and stellar feedback, can break their scale-free nature. The break of self-similarity can manifest itself in the existence of characteristic scales that stand out from the underlying structure generated by turbulent motions. In this work, we investigate the structure of the Cygnus-X North and Polaris Flare molecular clouds, which represent two extremes in terms of their star formation activity. We characterize the structure of the clouds using the delta-variance (Δ-variance) spectrum. In the Polaris Flare, the structure of the cloud is self-similar over more than one order of magnitude in spatial scales. In contrast, the Δ-variance spectrum of Cygnus-X North exhibits an excess and a plateau on physical scales of ≈0.5−1.2 pc. In order to explain the observations for Cygnus-X North, we use synthetic maps where we overlay populations of discrete structures on top of a fractal Brownian motion (fBm) image. The properties of these structures, such as their major axis sizes, aspect ratios, and column density contrasts with the fBm image, are randomly drawn from parameterized distribution functions. We are able to show that, under plausible assumptions, it is possible to reproduce a Δ-variance spectrum that resembles that of the Cygnus-X North region. We also use a “reverse engineering” approach in which we extract the compact structures in the Cygnus-X North cloud and reinject them onto an fBm map. Using this approach, the calculated Δ-variance spectrum deviates from the observations and is an indication that the range of characteristic scales (≈0.5−1.2 pc) observed in Cygnus-X North is not only due to the existence of compact sources, but is a signature of the whole population of structures that exist in the cloud, including more extended and elongated structures.
Phenolic compounds of Dasiphora fruticosa plants from natural populations in the south of the Russian Far East
Authors: Andysheva Elena V. , Khramova Elena P.
Published: September 2020

The profile and amounts were determined for phenolic compounds in the leaves of Dasiphora fruticosa plants growing in natural populations in the south of the Russian Far East. It was found that the phenolic profiles of the plants are similar among all the analyzed populations, but there are differences in the concentrations of the phenolic compounds. Total concentrations of phenolic compounds, flavonols, rhamnetin glycosides, and free quercetin are 12—46% higher in the leaves of plants of three populations from Shikotan Island. The highest total concentration of ellagic compounds (12.6 mg/g) was noted in the population from Primorsky Krai.
Ontogenesis and architectural analysis of Myricaria bracteata Royal in East Kazakhstan
Authors: Astashenkov Alexey , Lyakh Elena
Published: September 2020

The article presents research of Myricaria bracteata shrub ontogenesis and architecture under East Kazakhstan conditions. The study revealed that the specimen ontogenesis is complete and includes two phases of development: a primary shoot and a primary bush. The adult speciment structure is built due to consistent development of perennial orthotropic/skewed orthotropic skeletal axes was forming from the resting buds. Annually dying lateral vegetative and generative shoots are formed of branching resting buds located on these axes. The architectural unit of M. bracteata consists of 5 categories of axes: 1 – perennial orthotropic, 2 – perennial lateral skewed orthotropic, 3 – annual lateral generative bracteose, 4 – annual lateral generative frondose, 5 – annual lateral vegetative ones.
Features of Begonia grandis adaptation in contrasting cultivation conditions
Authors: Baikova Elena , Fershalova Tatiana
Published: September 2020

The possibilities of adaptation of Begonia grandis Dry., the most cold-resistant representative of the genus, to conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, more severe than in areas of natural growth in China, are studied. The experiment carried out outdoors in spring-summer-autumn period in comparison with a year-round greenhouse cultivation. It was established that the development of plants placed outside the greenhouses accelerates: the flowering time was reduced by 1.5 times and fruiting began two months earlier. The productivity indicators increased such as the number of simultaneously blooming inflorescences, the number of female flowers in separate inflorescence and the number of ripened fruits. The coefficient of vegetative propagation also increased. The number of bulbils was almost 2.5 times more, with significant increase in their size. It was shown that plants of B. grandis grown in the open air were adapted to the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. By the time of autumn frosts, they are completing flowering, form ripen seeds and bulbils. Thus, reproduction is provided both by seed and vegetative means. However, to undergo the full life cycle of B. grandis it is necessary to keep dormant tubers in greenhouse or shelter during the frosty period.
Species of Fragaria L. (Rosaceae) genus of Central, Northern and Eastern Mongolia
Authors: Baturin Sergey , Tovuudorj Nasanjargal , Filipenko Elena , Tovuudorj Renchinmyadag , Jigmed Ganbold
Published: September 2020

Numerous publications of Russian and Mongolian researchers report the only species Fragaria orientalis Losinsk to be typical for Mongolia. However, by generally accepted taxonomy of Fragaria genus, the species F. orientalis is a tetraploid (2n=4x=28) which occupies a small area within Eastern regions of Russia and North-Western China. To clarify the specific belonging of strawberry, 11 Fragaria samples were collected in Central, Northern and Eastern parts of Mongolia. Species were identified by morphological characters and molecular marker of alcohol dehydrogenase adh1 gene. The results of the specific belonging study in Fragaria samples reveal two diploid species F. viridis and F. mandshrica growing in Mongolia.
Morphological and anatomical features of narrow-leaved lavender plants with prolonged conservation under in vitro genebank
Authors: Brailko Valentina , Ivanova Natalya , Zhdanova Irina , Mitrofanova Olga
Published: September 2020

Optimization of plants long-term conservation under in vitro conditions and identification of their structural and functional features during preservation is the basis for the creation of a genebank of cultured and wild plant species in vitro. The aim of our work was to study morphological and anatomical features of plants in lavender cultivar ‘Sineva’ after two years of in vitro storage at low positive temperatures. The plant material was evaluated after 24 months of conservation. A significant decrease in the linear parameters of leaves in the preserved plants was noted. Leaf shape altered from narrowly linear to oblong. With prolonged storage, the thickness of the leaf blade slightly increased. The integumentary tissues were thinner, compared with the plants cultured under standard in vitro conditions, the cuticle was not clear. The number of stomata decreased. The number of small vascular bundles decreased. The obtained data demonstrate viability of in vitro preserved explants, despite significant differences in structure, preservation of chlorophyll-containing tissues, a decrease in transpiration, and an increase of trichomes number. The stability of the vegetative organs functioning was revealed.
Geographical innovations in the flora of the Mangystau region
Authors: Imanbayeva Akzhunis A. , Ishmuratova Margarita Yu. , Gassanova Gulnara G.
Published: September 2020

This article gives the new 7 species to the flora of vascular plants of Mangystau region (Artemisia sieversiana Willd., Ribes aureum Pursh, Tulipa gerneriana L. (T. schrenkii Regn. M. Roem., Tulipa patens Agardh ex Schult. & Schult.fil, Malus siversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem., Urtica dioica L. and Lonicera tatarica L.). The plants are discovered during expeditionary research 2013-2018 on the territory of the Western Karatau Range, the South Aktau Range, the North Ustyurt Plateau and the Tyubka-ragan Peninsula. The short information on floristic innovations is given. The updated composition of the flora of vascular plants of the Mangystau region was 684 species.
Caryological and physiological characteristics of rare species Potentilla porphyrantha Juz. (Rosaceae) in Armenia
Authors: Janjughazyan Karine
Published: September 2020

Caryological and physiological features of rare species Potentilla porphyrantha Juz. were investigated. It was shown that this species is diploid with 2n = 14 (x = 7). Physiological investigation included study of water regime, intensity of transpiration and photosynthesis. It was shown, that this species growing in-situ conditions on Amulsar Mountain (2900 m a.s.l.) now is very good adapted to ex-situ conditions in the Sevan botanical garden (1900 m a.s.l.). It grows very well, bloom and produce viable seeds, and in the future could be reintroduced into nature.
Morphological characteristics of Potentilla fruticosa in the urban ecosystem of Novosibirsk city
Authors: Lugovskaya Anna
Published: September 2020

Changes in leaf morphological characteristics in Potentilla fruticosa growing under the transport and industrial pollution conditions in the city of Novosibirsk have been studied. Leaf morphological characteristics were determined by computer image analysis using geographical information systems (GIS). It was found that, in response to anthropogenic disturbance, the size of the assimilating organs of plants decreased by a factor of 1.2-4.5 and the leaf fluctuating asymmetry increased compared to these parameters in control plants; the urban area had a high level of environmental pollution, and the control area a low level.
Methods of combating Acer negundo L. in specially protected natural areas
Authors: Nikolaeva Anastasia A. , Golosova Elena V. , Shelepova Olga V.
Published: September 2020

The possibility of using chemical and mechanical methods to control the undesirable growth of the invasive species Acer negundo L. at the expositions of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which has the status of a specially protected natural area, was studied. It was found that treatment of freshly cut stumps of A. negundo with glyphosphate in concentration of 7.2 g/l causes death of 65% of plants. In the rest of the specimens of A. negundo from this option the amount of growing epicormic sprouts decreased by 5.2 times in comparison with the usual cutting (control).
The pome fruit (Malinae Rev.) collections of the National dendrological park “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Opalko Olga , Kucher Nataliya , Andrienko Olena , Nebykov Mykhaylo , Serzhyk Oleksandr , Konopelko Alla , Opalko Anatoly
Published: September 2020

The plant collections of the NDP “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine including accessions of the subtribe Malinae Rev., formerly the subfamily Maloideae C. Weber (Rosaceae Juss.), are the objects for research in the field of plant introduction and phytodiversity protection. Because of the significant number of park’s holiday-makers, which are not always careful about plants, the posttraumatic regenerative ability of plants is of particular importance for adaptation and periods of the highest regenerative activity could be favourable for vegetative reproduction, including microcloning. Thus, Malinae of the “Sofiyivka” might be useful for germplasm conservation and utilization in the breeding programs.
The genus Adoxa L. (Adoxaceae Trautv.) in the flora of Russia
Authors: Popova Olga
Published: September 2020

In this paper, species of the genus Adoxa L. were analyzed that occur in the flora of Russia. We noted that three species have been found on the territory of Russia: Adoxa moschatellina L., Adoxa orientalis Nepomn. and Adoxa insularis Nepomn. A. moschatellina has a circumpolar areal. The species A. orientalis rarely occurs in Far East. It was determined that this species has more primitive flower structure as compared with A. moschatellina. The lateral flowers of A. orientalis in the inflorescence are trimerous (Ca(3)CO(6)A6G(3)),, whereas anther filaments are integral. On islands Kunashir and Sakhalin, we noted the presence of A. insularis whose flower structure has signs of more complete organization. In A. insularis, petals are oval, with a pointed tip, and have straight veinlets; A. insularis possesses 3- to 4-fold fewer nectar glandules, which are located directly on the petals’ surface, rather than in depressions on the petals as in A. moschatellina. Anther filaments in A. insularis are longer, and the angle between cleft filaments in A. insularis is 30–40° (rather than 90° or more as in A. moschatellina). It was concluded that in Adoxa species, there has been an obvious process of evolutionary reduction of flower structure.
Species composition and distribution of rust fungi in Zailisky Alatau (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Rakhimova Yelena , Sypabekkyzy Gulnaz , Kyzmetova Lyazzat , Assylbek Assem
Published: September 2020

Mycobiota of the Zailisky Alatau includes 176 species of rust fungi, the Microbotryomycetes class has 5 species, the Pucciniomycetes class is represented with 171 species. The largest number of species is characteristic of the genera Puccinia (98 species) and Uromyces (24 species). Others genera are represented with 1-13 species. The greatest number of species of rust fungi is noted for altitudes of 1700-1900 and 1900-2100 m above sea level, what correlates with the vegetation zone of dark coniferous forests and meadows. Great aridity does not allow fungi to develop intensively in the lower foothills and steppe zone, and low temperatures and intense solar insolation inhibit the development of rust fungi in the alpine and subalpine zones. 337 plant species from 165 genera are registered as host plants. The largest number of rust fungi species is noted in the Small and Big Almaty gorges (73 and 57 species, respectively), in the Talgar and Turgen gorges (57 and 63 species, respectively). The gorges of Karakastek, Ush-Konyr, Uzyn-Kargaly, Chemolgan, Small Kemin and Oi-Karagai are characterized by an insignificant diversity of rust fungi (from 3 to 8 species), which is associated with lower humidity of these gorges.
Plant flow cytometry: a scientometric analysis of documentary arrays from Scopus and Web of Science databases
Authors: Rykova Valentina , Voronkova Maria
Published: September 2020

The article presents a scientometric analysis of documentary arrays selected of the world science citation databases Scopus and Web of Science on the topic “Plant flow cytometry”. The analysis of documentary arrays shows their positive dynamics and especially active growth currently. It names countries and organizations actively carrying on research in the area, and leading in the publication amount; rating journals with high publication activity, authors who work productively on the topic. The paper reveals thematic structure of the studied corpus of documents and highly cited publications.
Biomorph Limosella aquatica L. and its contribution in stolon-rosette water grasses formation
Authors: Savinykh Natalya , Shakleina Marya
Published: September 2020

The paper presents comparative-morphological analysis of biomorphs Limosella aquatica L., stolon-rosette perennial mesophyte grasses (Viola odorata L.), and yearling vegetative hydrophytes (Stratiotes aloides L. and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.). It is shown that L. aquatica is a monopodial growing monocarpic with side stolon-rosette shoots and their systems with up to four branching orders. The primary shoot, as well as rosette parts of stolon-rosette shoots, is made of metamers with foliage leafs, axil complexes with differently sets of constituents: two collateral buds and/or their derivatives: flower buds/flowers/fruit, side stolon-rosette shoots or their systems. At the initial stage the shoot-forming mode of L. aquatica is similar to that of V. odorata: a monopodial rosette one with green assimilating leaves, flowers, and stolon-rosette shoots. But iterative branching of stolon-rosette shoots changes the shoot-forming mode of L. aquatica to a sympodial semirosette as in S. aloides, and especially in H. morsus-ranae. Biomorph L. aquatica combines the features of stolon-rosette perennial mesophyte grasses and stolon-rosette yearling vegetative hydrophytes: stolon-rosette shoot formation from axil buds, iterative branching, collateral buds, reduction inflorescence to one flower (S. aloides). Thus of habit L. aquatica can be viewed as a stage of perennial flower mesophyte plants’ shifting to life in water.
Molecular evidence that Carex songorica Kar. & Kir. and C. gotoi Ohwi (Cyperaceae) are distinct species
Authors: Shekhovtsova Irina
Published: September 2020

Carex songorica and C. gotoi have similar appearance, but different distributions that almost do not overlap. Some authors considered C. gotoi as a subspecies of C. songorica. This opinion was based on the premise that C. gotoi differs from C. songorica only by slightly narrower utricles with thickened costate veins and somewhat longer beak. In order to clarify the extent of differences between these two taxa, we performed a molecular genetic study based on specimens from Asian Russia. We also re-examined herbarium specimens in order to clarify the correctness of identification and the differences between C. songorica and C. gotoi. Our results suggest that these taxa can be considered distinct species.
Tall herb dark coniferous forests as modern refugia of biological diversity of Northern Eurasia (on example of Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve)
Authors: Smirnova Olga V. , Geraskina Anna P. , Korotkov Vladimir N.
Published: September 2020

Reconstruction of prehistoric forests can be based on restoring the areas of key species of plants and animals in those still preserved in refugiua which include tall herb forests. The main characteristic of unique boreal tall herb spruce-fir forests (association of Aconito septentrionalis-Piceetum obovatae) is presented in comparison with green moss spruce-fir forests (Eu-Piceetum abietis) that dominate in the taiga zone. Using the example of tall herb forests in the Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, we identified the following signs of intact forests of the Northern Eurasia: high diversity of vascular plant and moss species; full set of microsites connected with a tree-falls, well-defined gap-mosaic; diversity of ecological-coenotic groups; uneven-aged structure of tree species populations; fertile soil and rich soil biota; presence of broad-leaved forest markers such as ephemeroids (Corydalis solida, Anemone spp., Gagea spp., etc.); presence of broad-leaved tree species in paleo-spectra. The northern dark coniferous forests may also be regarded as historic refugiua because they were less disturbed by humans and probably less exposed to fire. Such model reconstructions will form the basis for developing methods for restoring the pre-anthropogenic dark coniferous (taiga) forests of Northern Eurasia.
Possibilities of using the HPLC method in the taxonomy of the genus Nitraria (Nitrariaceae)
Authors: Voronkova Maria , Banaev Evgeniy , Tomoshevich Maria , AK-Lama Taigana
Published: September 2020

The paper shows composition and content of phenolic compounds in leaves of 4 Nitraria L. species from 58 populations of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan studied with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The investigation has revealed 27 compounds of phenolic nature: the maximum number (18 components) is detected in leaves of N. sibirica Pall. from Kazakhstan (the Karatal river valley), 16-17 components – in plants from three populations of Siberia, the minimum (6 components) – in leaves of N. komaroviiilljin & Lava ex Bobrov. The analysis has identified hyperoside (quercetin O-glycoside), narcissin (isoramnetin O-glycoside), quercetin (flavonol) and luteolin (flavon). The studied plants accumulate a generous quantity of phenolic compounds. Their content reaches 4.64% in leaves of N. sibirica, 3.11% – in N. schoberi L., up to 3.96% – in N. komarovii. The research results allow speaking about the species-specific composition and content of phenolic compounds of N. sibirica, N. schoberi and N. komarovii. The component composition is weaker in extracts of N. komarovii leaves, but there is a higher content of total phenolic compounds compared to N. schoberi plants. N. pamirica L. Vassil sample is close to N. schoberi on multidimensional analysis of the phenolic compound composition and content.
Detection and identification of hybrids in the coenopopulation of co-growing species of Cypripedium (Orchidaceae) in the Novosibirsk Region
Authors: Zhmud Elena , Nabieva Aleksandra , Kuban Irina , Williams Natasha , Dorogina Olga
Published: September 2020

Cypripedium calceolus L. and C. macranthon Sw. (Orchidaceae) are rare species throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. Though the data on intraspecific genetic differentiation has been presented in the literature, the species of C. calceolus, C. macranthon and alleged hybrids of C. × ventricosum growing in sympatric population in the Iskitim District of the Novosibirsk Region (NR) have not been investigated yet. The purpose of this work is dentification of the rare species of Cypripedium calceolus, C. macranthon and detection of C. × ventricosum hybrids in the NR using morphometric parameters and ISSR markers. It was found the mature generative specimens of C. × ventricosum formed the largest number of shoots, compared with the parent species. According to the number of flowers on the generative shoot, the hybrid occupied an intermediate position. According to the ISSR analysis, components from both parental species were identified in each of the three hybrids studied. Therefore, the presence of C. × ventricosum hybrid plants in the local NR coenopopulation of co-growing species C. calceolus and C. macranthon was detected and confirmed based on the study of morphometric parameters and ISSR markers.
Röntgenkontrolle eines VP-Shunts – ein System zur Förderung der Lebensqualität
Authors: Gerth Sophia
Published: September 2020

Von den Neurochirurgen kommt immer wieder die Anforderung, einen ventrikulo-peritonealen Shunts (VP-Shunt) röntgenologisch darzustellen. Eine Röntgenkontrolle des VP-Shunts ist wichtig, da mit ihrer Hilfe eventuelle Defekte erkannt werden können. Wie machen sich Defekte bei dem Patienten bemerkbar? Wie werden die Defekte behoben? Auf diese Fragen und weitere Besonderheiten geht der folgende Artikel ein.
Kardiale Magnetresonanztomografie
Authors: Hajduga Stefanie
Published: September 2020

Die kardiale MRT ist ein nicht invasives Verfahren, mit welchem nicht nur die anatomische, sondern auch die funktionelle Analyse und eine Vitalitätsdiagnostik des Herzens möglich ist. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Vorbereitung der kardialen MRT-Untersuchung, geht auf das Protokoll und die enthaltenen Sequenzen ein und zeigt die Planung der einzelnen Schnittebenen, auch wird auf die Problematik bei Patienten mit Arrhythmien eingegangen.
Konventionelle nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung bei Hyperparathyreoidismus
Authors: Schenke Simone , Zimny Michael , Kreißl Michael C.
Published: September 2020

For the assessment of hyperparathyroidism besides cervical ultrasound, 99 mTc-Sestamibi (MIBI) imaging is being used on a routine basis in nuclear medicine practice. MIBI is a positively charged complex, which is bound in mitochondria rich parathyroidal tissue and shows a reduced washout as compared to normal thyroid tissue. This characteristic is used during dual-phase imaging by acquiring early and late images.

In order to better localize adenomas, especially if they are ectopic, it is helpful to combine planar imaging with cross-sectional (-hybrid) imaging using SPECT or SPECT/CT. With this approach, in combination with ultrasound the sensitivity for adenomas is known to be over 80 % up to 100 %. For multiglandular involvement or hyperplasia, a significantly lower detection rate is known, which, however, can be improved by a combination of planar and tomografic imaging. To what extend medication can influence the results of MIBI imaging is not well known. Glucocorticoids and calcium channel antagonist might have a negative influence on the uptake of MIBI. Another potential influencing factor could be the presence of P-glykoprotein in some adenomas, leading to a faster efflux of MIBI out of the adenoma cells and consecutively a lower detection rate.
‘Four-position method’ makes beginner endoscopists aware of spatial positioning of the left hand to master upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Sugimoto Ken , Osawa Satoshi
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims We developed a novel “four-position method” for facilitating endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and this study aimed to verify its usefulness for beginner endoscopists.

Methods Medical students (n = 121) were divided into three groups. A simulator subsequently was used to perform endoscopy. Group A was taught how to hold the endoscope and move the dial; Group B was taught the “four-position method”; and Group C, in addition to being taught the “four-position method,” was permitted to use an endoscope before introduction to the simulator. In each group, the transit time to various parts of the upper digestive tract was recorded in addition to the time to grasp a clip in the stomach with the forceps. We also surveyed the groups with respect to their impression of the difficulty level of endoscopic operation before and after instructions.

Results Transit time to the cardia was no different among the groups; however, with regard to other targets, Group C reached the sites significantly more quickly than did Groups A and B. Time to clip grasping was significantly shorter in Groups B and C than in Group A. Regarding the impression of the difficulty level, significantly more students in Groups B and C compared to Group A felt that endoscopy was easier after instructions.

Conclusion Learning the “four-position method” made it possible to achieve stable endoscopic manipulation at an early stage and improve subsequent endoscopic procedures.
Fraktursonografie der Extremitäten
Authors: Ackermann Ole , Simanowski Jörg , Eckert Kolja
Published: September 2020

Die Fraktursonografie ist zunehmend Gegenstand internationaler Forschung. Die Diagnostik kann bei Kindern bis zum 12. Lebensjahr für die distale Unterarmfraktur röntgenfrei erfolgen, am Ellenbogen wird sie als Ausschlussdiagnostik angewandt und für die proximale Humerusfraktur erreicht sie eine 50 %ige Reduktion der Röntgenbelastung. Auch die Suche nach okkulten Läsionen ist eine gute Indikation; Klavikulafrakturen und AC-Sprengungen lassen sich sonografisch teilweise besser als radiologisch beurteilen. Etliche Forschungsgruppen haben in den letzten Jahren wertvolle Studien zu den verschiedenen Bereichen publiziert. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, dem Leser einen kompakten Überblick über die Grundlagen und aktuellen Anwendungsgebiete der Fraktursonografie der Extremitäten zu vermitteln.
Integrated Synthesis of Thienyl Thioethers and Thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes via 1-Benzothiophen-3(2H)-ones
Authors: Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji , Habara Nanae , Kobashi Yoshiaki , Kurimoto Yuji , Mandai Hiroki
Published: September 2020

A one-pot procedure for the synthesis of thienyl thioethers is described. Several thienyl thioethers were synthesized by a TfOH-promoted Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization, a subsequent nucleophilic attack by an arenethiol, and dehydration. This protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of thienoacene derivatives by using a Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization.