bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Pollutant Removal Performance of Biological Contact Oxidation Process Treating Hospital Wastewater
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhou Ying , Huang Zheng Wen , Chen Li
Published: January 2014

A study on hospital wastewater treatment was carried out using biological contact oxidation process. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on BOD5, CODCr and SS removal was investigated. The results showed that the removal rate of BOD5, and CODCr was ascending with the increase of HRT using the contrast test of five different HRTs. When the HRT was more than 4h, the effluent BOD5, CODCr could meet the discharge standard (GB18466-2005). In considering of raising the biodegradability of effluent, 4h was recommended in this study. However, the whole trend of SS variation of system was not obvious with the increase of HRT, and the effluent SS could not meet the discharge standard (20mg/L). Thus, the additional processing steps to remove SS would be necessary.
Research on Flocculation of Protein-Bearing Wastewater by Alga Flocculant
Authors: Chen Xia , Li Xiao Ling , Zhang Xuan
Published: January 2014

A flocculation adsorption process was used to treat protein-bearing wastewater. The alga flocculant was made from seaweed and the treatment effects of various flocculants were compared. The experimental results show that the flocculants is used for treating the protein-bearing wastewater has good effects, while the amounts of the new flocculants is 15g/L and the pH is adjusted to the range of 2 to 4 at the room temperature, the highest efficiency of COD can be up to 69.1%. The flocculants can be applied to treat protein-bearing wastewater in food industry. The flocculated sediment can be recovered and have effective utilization of resources.
Evaluation of Aquatic Plants for Water Purification in the Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Xu Xiao Lu , Zhang De Yong , Shen Xiu Ying , Hu Wen Lang , Xu Hui Ying , Lu Yin
Published: January 2014

A lot of plants have been confirmed to be capable of purifying water. To screen for plants for water purification in the Xixi wetland, water was sampled from the Xixi wetland for indoor experiment. Four kinds of aquatic plants of different growth type (Eichhornia crassipe, Ceratophyllum demersum, Acorus calamus and Lemna minor) were selected for culture using the water under test. After 45 days of culture, obvious water quality improvement was observed for all of the plants. The BOD5, COD, TN and TP value of the water was decreased by 64.80%, 58.73%, 87.52% and 90.06%, respectively by the plants in the experiment. Based on a comprehensive analysis, Eichhornia crassipe and Ceratophyllum demersum showed high efficiency in water purification. Therefore, these two kinds of aquatic plants are suggested to be planted more in Xixi wetland.
Study on Potential of Rainwater Resources and Collecting-Reusing System Scale in Upstream City of Yongding River
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhang Xin Rui , Hao Gui Zhen , Dai Xue Min
Published: January 2014

This paper analyses the suitable seasonal reduction coefficient and rainwater runoff initial abandon coefficient in Zhangjiakou city, which is selected as a study area and is in upstream of Yongding River. And it analyses the achieve volume of rainwater-resources utilization. Through the analysis on the regional precipitation in study area, it obtained the suitable calculation formulas for the rainwater-storage-pool volume per year in rainwater collecting-reusing system of this area .
London City Hall and the Values it Promotes
Authors: Yao Yi Shu
Published: January 2014

London city hall is landmark, located on the south bank of the River Thames, which is different from other city halls. It is regarded as one milestone because its special shape, facade and construction. This building promotes new values to promote not only for Londons citizens, but also for visitors. This government building is open for the public; it makes interpersonal communication more and more convenient, or zero distance. With great innovation comes a greater responsibility towards government and society. Although there was much public criticism, especially in matters of money, the value of this government building is more than it costs.
The Promising Resource Utilization Methods of Excess Sludge: A Review
Authors: Guo Wan Qian , Wu Qing Lian , Yang Shan Shan , Peng Si Mai , Luo Hai Chao
Published: January 2014

Energy crisis caused short supply of reliable and affordable energy for our future generations and ourselves, meanwhile more and more stringent laws and regulations were established on excess sludge treatment and disposal, the potential for energy recovery from excess sludge has already attracted much more attentions from researchers domestic and abroad. Resource utilization for excess sludge is the best way to solve sludge treatment and disposal problem, simultaneously create a sustainable energy to fulfill present and future energy requirements and thus reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources. This paper presents the current promising research focuses on excess sludge resource utilization methods, i.e. anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, microbial fuel cell (MFC), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC).
On Application of Virtual Space in Architecture Internal Space
Authors: Wei Chao Jie
Published: January 2014

The virtual space to be discussed in this paper mainly refers to the architecture virtual space which is created by using architecture techniques or technological means and is different from entities. Virtual space gives the users in it a kind of spiritual experience and forms a psychological space. As an inevitable trend of future design development, virtual space will be applied in the architecture internal space design on a more frequent basis.
Calculation of Water Environmental Capacity of Tidal Reaches in Estuarine Areas on the Basis of Uneven Coefficient
Authors: Zhou Qi , Pang Yong
Published: January 2014

In view of the reciprocating flow of the tidal reaches in estuarine areas and uneven horizontal distribution in the process of pollutants transferring, this thesis proposes a calculation method for the water environmental capacity on the basis of reciprocating flow model and uneven coefficient method. Taking North Channel, downstream of the Min River, as an example, a two-dimensional unstable-state model of water flow-quality is established. According to its hydrologic features and the date measured, flow field and concentration field of this river section are simulated, and meanwhile, response relation curve of the discharge capacity of those general pollutant sources in relation to length of pollution zones, at moments of maximum flood tide and maximum tide ebb, is built. Besides, North Channel is divided into two studied sections whose uneven distribution coefficients at the above mentioned two moments are calculated respectively. Considering the reliability, uneven coefficients at floodtide and tide ebb are replaced by those at the moment of maximum flood tide and maximum tide ebb, and the uneven coefficient method is adopted, on the basis of reciprocating flow model, to calculate the water environmental capacity of North Channel. The findings show that, by adopting the two-dimensional unstable-state model of water flow-quality, values of both the flow field and concentration field in this river section thus calculated, are approximate to the values measured. Chooses 90% confidence surface flow and take neap as sample, the water environmental capacity of CODMn in North Channel is 16716.8t/a.This method, together with the reciprocating flow model and uneven coefficient method, reflects the influence of reciprocating flow and complex pollution migration and diffusion, under the tidal action, on the water environmental capacity of tidal reaches in estuarine areas.
The Molecular Ecology Analysis of Microbial Communities in LuLiang Oil Field
Authors: Yi Li Na , Ma Yuan Dong , Cui Qing Feng , Yu Li
Published: January 2014

The molecular ecology analysis of microorganisms is important for the development of microbial enhanced oil recovery. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed to detect the community diversity in injection-water and produced-water in Luliang Oil field in Xinjiang in this study. The phylogenetic analysis indecated that most of clones (76%) in injection-water were clustered in α-proteobacteria. Roseovarius sp. and Novispirillum sp. were the main bacteria accounting for 41.3% of the total of clones. And the most clones in production water were clustered in α,γ-proteobacteria with the phylotypes belonging to α-proteobacteria accounting for 61% of the clone library. Sphingomonas sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri sp. were the dominant bacteria which constitute 26% and 22%. The variaty of functional bacteria is more in produced-water than injection-water.
Analysis on Assessment and Prediction of Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Ma Ming Fei
Published: January 2014

When doing research on marine ecosystem, researchers has figured out a method of setting ecological model based on experimental observations. This paper establishes the marine environmental health assessment model; primarily covering Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to analyze the evaluation index and weight of the marine ecosystem, then forms the marine ecosystems integrated evaluation model. The feasibility of the model is assessed and predicted by examples. This model also has engineering application vital significance on the evaluation and prediction of marine ecosystem.
The Art Design of Indoor Environment for Reducing Pollution
Authors: Cui Hui Min
Published: January 2014

Modern indoor design emphasizes the nature, health and harmony relation between persons and environment. Owning a comfortable and green indoor environment is basic requirement for people. However, the indoor pollution becomes bad seriously day by day. In this paper, the indoor environment and the sources of indoor pollution are analyzed. The method of environment art design for cleaning the indoor pollution is described in detail.
Enhanced Phytoextraction of EDTA and EDDS in Polluted Soil
Authors: Bai Wei Yang
Published: January 2014

In order to minimum high environmental persistence while enhancing the effects of phytoextract heavy metals in plant, though applied different ratio of non-biological chelating agent EDTA and biological chelating agent EDDS application phytoremediation into the Rape (Brassica campestris L), monocots corn (Zea mays L). This experiment was conducted with a simulation in Pb, Cu, Cd complex artificially contaminated soil. The results show that appling chelator EDTA-EDDS application on the corn and the rape were play important promoting role in the metal of soil, and were more than the effects of the accumulation of the single EDTA or single EDDS. The concentrations of mobile metals Pb, Cu in soil were the highest of 386.5 mg·kg-1, 1369 mg·kg-1, adding treatment 2 (EDTA / EDDS = 2:1), respectively the control group. The concentrations of mobile metals Cd in soil were the highest of 89.6 mg·kg-1, adding treatment 3 (EDTA / EDDS = 1:1), respectively the control group.
Study on Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Fields in the New-Type
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Ming , Yao Yong
Published: January 2014

This paper uses Reynolds stress equation turbulence model (RSM) to simulate the flue gas flow field in the new-type stack, and analyzes the velocity field and pressure field of its three-dimensional strong spiral turbulence flow field. It gets the distribution characteristics of tangential velocity, axial velocity, static pressure, dynamic pressure and total pressure in the internal flow field of the new-type stack, thus provides reference to the research and optimization design of the flow mechanism..
Microstructure and Precipitation of a High Strength Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Yang Hai Lin , Xu Guang , Zhang Yi , Wang Min , Zhou Ming Xing
Published: January 2014

Microstructure and precipitation of a Ti-Nb microalloyed high-strength steel were studied. The objective of the study is to examine the factors affecting yield strength and the effect of processing temperatures on microstructure and precipitation. The research results indicate that the dominant factors responsible for yield strength are fine ferrite grains and fine-scale carbonitride precipitatates, which are affected by processing temperatures. The influence of reheating temperature on precipitates was analyzed. Moreover, the optimum reheating temperatures is suggested for Ti-Nb microalloyed high-strength steel.
Influencing Degree of Star-Stop Frequency on Running Efficiency of Ground Source Heat Pump which Using Vertical Buried Pipe
Authors: Hu Xian Fang , Li Yu Yun , Chen Yan Hua , Yu Zhong Yi
Published: January 2014

Through the three-dimensional heat transfer simulation of different periodic running of 3×3 tube group during one running period, the article draw the influence of vertical buried tube heat exchanger heat transfer performance under the different start-stop times, when total time is certain, shortening the continuous time of intermittent operation (increasing the start and stop times) helps promote the unit energy efficiency as the outlet water temperature change of the heat exchanger is toward to the favorable direction, and the trend of the change showed first increased and then decreased with the increase of start-stop times. Increasing the number of start and stop times do more contribution to promote the energy efficiency of the heat pump unit under the Working condition of refrigeration.
Studies on Rock-Breaking of Positive Disc Cutter and Edge Disc Cutter
Authors: Yang Kai , Xia Yi Min , Wu Yuan
Published: January 2014

Based on TBM disc cutter layout, a rock-breaking model of positive disc cutter and edge disc cutter is built. Sequential rock-breaking of the two cutters under different parameters is simulated; rock fragmentation, three-axis force and energy consumption are studied; optimal rock-breaking condition with different parameters is determined; feasibility of the simulation model is finally verified by experiment. The results show that three-axis force of positive disc cutter and edge disc cutter both increase with the increase of rock strength. Also, the increase of installation angle leads to larger three-axis force of edge disc cutter. Compared with positive disc cutter, edge disc cutter suffers larger squeezing strength from rocks, which results in larger three-axis force in edge disc cutter. Specific energy consumption variation has an inflection point. To meet optimal rock-breaking condition, the optimal values of installation angle in breaking siltstone, granite and marble are respectively 6°, 7° and 7°.
Technology Application on Two-Stage Model of Horizontal Well in the Block Oilfield
Authors: Liu Hong Wei
Published: January 2014

The technology of horizontal well emerges in 1970s-1980s, mainly from the standard length of the horizontal well, the reasonable level in the reservoir, trajectory optimization of the level to ensure the level and get the best production results. Numerical simulation is the most effective and accurate way to optimize the parameters of horizontal well, to understand the geology in this article, based on the use of reservoir simulation methods, looking for the benefit of regional development of horizontal well, and the Optimization methods to determine the length of the horizontal wells and production parameters, design two-level horizontal well in TZ422 oilfield of Tower, and achieved good results.
PI Controller Design for DFIG Wind Power Generation System RSC Based on PSO Algorithm
Authors: Chu Yi Min , Wang Wu
Published: January 2014

PID controller has widely used in control system for its simple structure, good control effect and strong robustness, the PI control strategy was introduced into rotor side converter of DFIG control with the mathematical models and the structure of stator flux-oriented vector control. Particle swam optimization algorithm was a new random optimization technology which has the features of rapid calculation speed. The PI controller design for RSC current loop and speed loop control was analyzed, and the PSO algorithm was presented for PI controller design, the simulation experiments demonstrated that the algorithm was suitable for the RSC control system with PSO remarkable search capability.
Design Research on Pressure Vessel of Automobiles Assembly Shop
Authors: Song Yan Dong
Published: January 2014

In the same conditions, the accidents of pressure vessel are much higher than other mechanical equipment. Therefore, the study on the pressure vessels in anomaly conditions and the dynamic response and tolerance capabilities of the structure not only helps to the research and development of warning surveillance and prevention technology about pressure vessels in anomaly conditions, but also contribute to the correct evaluation of the feasibility and reliability on the device of early warning monitoring system and the prevent technology. As pressure vessel is widely used and efficiency is enhanced, traditional failure analysis is restricted to test, analyze accidents, find out failure reasons and table proposals. It is realistic to make a modern design system for pressure vessels, judge failure reasons rapidly and table proposals.
Keywords: pressure vessel; modern design; working characteristics
Absorption and Attenuation Properties in Time-Lapse Seismic
Authors: Wang Yong
Published: January 2014

seismic wavess energy and frequency will attenuate with its dissemination is one of the important seismic waves dynamic characteristics, and the most influential factors including the frequency, oil and gas saturation and porosity, so we can forecast the oil and gas according to the attenuation characteristics of the wavlet. The article extracted and analysised the attenuation properties of two different time seismic, and it could be seen that the remaining oil should be distributed in the southwest. So the result had a certain guiding significance to the exploration and development of the work area.
Energy Saving Benefit Evaluation of Zone and Time Control Heating for One College
Authors: Liu Ting Ting
Published: January 2014

In consideration of the current situation that college buildings are still heated as normal without occupancy,causing energy waste,the on-duty heating will be adopted in college buildings without occupancy under the premise to ensure the indoor comfort requirements.In the case of one college, the energy saving rate and cost saving rate were evaluated for college buildings that used zone and time control heating systems for buildings of different functions.The results show that the annual heating energy saving rate is 34.5%,and the annual heating cost saving rate is 51.5%. In similar collage buildings, 5.48kg of standard coal and 14.43Yuan per square meter of structure area can be saved per year if using zone and time control heating.
Short-Term Load Forecasting of Microgrid by a New Advanced Prediction Strategy
Authors: Yin Xin Yu
Published: January 2014

Due to the complexity and volatility of microgrid load sequence, this paper proposes an Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) prediction algorithm using Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) to optimize the network parameters, combining with Wavelet analysis method for preprocessing. The example shows that the proposed approach to microgrid load forecasting is both novel and effective, can improve the accuracy of load prediction.
The Possibilities of Wastes Utilization from Magnesite Extraction and Treatment for Backfilling
Authors: Šofranko Marian , Škvareková Erika , Wittenberger Gabriel
Published: January 2014

The article is the result of research intended to make a benefit to the introduction of new unbalanced materials into the system of backfill management, to tracking the impact of these materials on the resulting properties of backfill mixtures and their application in mining operations in the mining of magnesite (with the possibility of use during the mining of other similar minerals), respectively liquidation of open rooms and mined-out areas. Using of researched sludges would solve the problem of lack backfill.
Examination the Concentration of HPAM - the Starch-Cadmium Iodine Method
Authors: Guan Shu Xia , Fan Ying Ying , Wang Xiao Xin , Ye Hai Chu
Published: January 2014

Abstract：There are many methods to measure the concentration of HPAM. In this paper, the starch-cadmium iodine method was used to measure the concentration of HPAM that existed in the extraction liquid of oil field. The optimum testing condition that measures the concentration of HPAM in the produced water of oilfield is investigated by using the starch-cadmium iodine method , and the testing upper limit and lower limit of this method are affirmed. The features of this method are the wide linear range，simplicity and high accuracy.
Adsorption Performance to Methylene Blue by Non-Activated Tire-Based Pyrolytic Char
Authors: Wang Zeng Bin , Tian Yong Jing , Wang Xiao Kang
Published: January 2014

Pyrolysis is a new technology for scrap tires treatment and reuse. NATPC (non-activated tire-based pyrolytic char), the solid products from waste tire pyrolysis without subsequent activation procedure, was used in this paper to determine its potential ability as an adsorbent. The adsorption performance to Methylene Blue (MB) by NATPC was analyzed. Based on Uniform Design theory, the influence of pyrolysis parameters, temperature, heating rate, heating time and particle size were discussed. The adsorption of MB onto NATPC was conducted under different contact time, adsorbent dosage, MB concentration, pH and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied and the corresponding sorption constants were evaluated. The maximum amount of MB adsorbed was 53.41mg·g-1 at 20°C, which indicated NATPC can be used as an excellent adsorbent with good efficiency, simple manufacture and low cost.
Behaviour and Material Properties of the Grain Boundary on the Surface of an Anode during the Formation of a Dense Layer
Authors: He Han Bing
Published: January 2014

EPMA was used to investigate the corrosion-evolution mechanism of a dense ceramic spinel layer on the surface of NiFe2O4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes during electrolysis in a high-temperature molten salt electrolyte. The evolution behaviour of the grain boundary on the surface of a 22(20Ni-Cu)(NiFe2O4-10NiO) anode during the formation of a dense layer was also examined. The experimental results showed that the content of the Al element on the grain boundary at the bottom of both the NiFe2O4,NiAl2O4 and FeAl2O4 was higher than that in the core of the 22(20Ni-Cu)(NiFe2O4-10NiO) anode, and the content of the Al element between the Ni-Cu and the dense layer of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 was higher than that in both the NiFe2O4,NiAl2O4 and FeAl2O4. It was concluded that the production of the NiAl2O4 was due not only to the reaction of the NiO with the Al2O2F42-, but also to the oxidisation of the Ni, which then reacted with the Al2O2F42-.
Effect of Vibration Characteristics for Carbon Fiber Composite Materials on Musical Instruments Making
Authors: Lv Min , Sun Ji Li
Published: January 2014

Carbon fiber and its composite materials have a series of excellent properties such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and small thermal expansion coefficient, which can be widely applied to musical instrument manufacturing field. This paper introduces the structure and performance of carbon fiber, and mainly introduces the latest application of carbon fiber composite material, and the effect of vibration characteristics on musical performance. This paper also puts forward that for instrument design material substitutes the use of carbon fiber composite material structure of 2 layers and 3 layers structure should be considered, and the single layer structure is not feasible.
Preparation of Sodium Diacetate
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Liu Ji Wei
Published: January 2014

The sodium diacetate using acetic acid and sodium hydroxide as materials was prepared in which one-step liquid-phase method and microwave method were adopted in the paper. By single factor experiment, the regularities of the influence of various factors including reaction temperature, reaction time and acetic acid-sodium hydroxide ratio on the yield of sodium diacetate were studied. Through the orthogonal experiment the optimum synthesis conditions of sodium diacetate were confirmed that the reaction temperature was 70°C, the reaction time was 60min and the acetic acid-sodium hydroxide ratio was 2.1:1. The product yield was 96.2% under the optimal reaction conditions.
Metals Contamination and Leaching Potential in Plastic Toys Bought on the Beijing Market
Authors: Kang Shao Guo , Zhu Jian Xin
Published: January 2014

Plastic toys may contain metals, to which children may be exposed via mouthing, ingestion or dermal contact with those items. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine total concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Ba, Cd, Sb in plastic toys (n=35) bought on the Beijing market, and (2) to estimate leaching potential of the eight metals in selected items (n=3) in dilute HCl and the Pb leaching property via different in vitro tests. Seven of the fore-mentioned toxic metals were detected in all of the tested samples while all samples were Cd-free. For total Pb content, 7 of the 35 samples (20%) exceeded the US regulatory total limit (100 mg/kg for total Pb). However, dilute HCl leaching tests show that all the tested samples meet the migration limit of Chinese toy safety standard (90 mg/kg for dilute-HCL extractable Pb). Some samples contained Cr and As which exceeded the China migration limits. In vitro leaching tests demonstrated that Pb was more leachable in other stimulated body fluids than that in dilute HCl. Our results revealed that China need to update its toy safety standard as soon as possible.
Current Status of Fiber Waste Recycling and its Future
Authors: Lu Ji Jun , Hamouda H.
Published: January 2014

A higher amount of post industrial and post consumer fiber waste has been accumulated, due to the growth in world population, overall improvement of living standards and global fiber consumption. General descriptions of fibrous waste, statistics, material characteristics (compositions) and sources in the world were provided. The state-of-the-art of textile wastes recycling has been presented. Varied recycling technologies have been developed so as to maximize the use of the fibrous waste collected. Prevailing recycling technologies, including reusing, recycling, incineration, and landfill, are reviewed. Some promising recycling techniques, such as dissolution and deploymerization, which are applicable to valuable PET or nylon, were focused upon in this paper. The summary on some selected recycling technologies and products from the recycling processes was also offered. Different combinations of incineration, materials recycling, and biological treatment of biodegradable waste, or landfilling could be an expectable choice, a system analysis should be done for diverse waste textile treatment options. Observations on future trends and needs for further development are discussed in the end. Intensive research and development that make lower added-value recycled products from waste textiles should be encouraged, which can consume the largest volume low value waste textiles.
Biomethane by Psychrophilic Methanogenic Community Isolated from Sediment of Crane Lake in Zhalong Wetland, Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Guang , Ma Fang , Sun Ting , Li Shu Ben , You Kong
Published: January 2014

The performance of anaerobic digesters was inhibited intensively by low temperature anaerobic digestion. In this study, a group of psychrophilic methanogenic community was isolated from psychrophilic environment, sediment of Crane Lake. The massively parallel sequencing technology, 454 pyrosequencing technique, was adopted to analyze bacterial community, with dominant phyla belonging toFirmicutes(78.64% of total bacteria),Bacteroidetes(7.97%) andChloroflexi(3.91%).Methanobacteriasp. andMethanomicrobiasp. were detected by clone library technique. After 6 enrichment culture generations, cumulative biogas production and methane concentration achieved 195 ml and 57.4%, respectively. The optimum performance of enrichment psychrophiles exhibited at a temperature of 18 °C, and maximum voluminal biogas production was 0.26 m3m3reactord-1. The study also investigated the biomethane conversion of enrichment psychrophiles utilizing acidified cattle dung as substrate. After 11 days of operation, the maximum biogas production and methane concentration achieved 48 ml d-1and 51.6%, respectively.
Import & Export Management for Waste Raw Materials between China and Japan
Authors: He Yi , Zheng Yang , Hu Hua Long , Qiu Qi , Luo Qing Ming , Hou Qiong
Published: January 2014

The Solid Waste Import & Export Management System between China and Japan is introduced in this paper, including the laws and regulations, management requirements or system, competent departments and their responsibilities. The major risk points that existed in import & export of waste raw materials between China and Japan are also analyzed, and countermeasures and suggestions to prevent and fight against illegal waste import and export activities are put forward.
Development of Tailings Based Polymer-Modified Waterproof Mortar
Authors: Hu Qian Qian , Liu Shao Jie , Li Pei Xin , Chu Xiao Meng
Published: January 2014

A large amount of tailings were produced with the development of mineral resources which cause great danger to the natural environment. An environment friendly waterproof mortar was developed by mixing polystyrene-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PS-HEMA), iron tailings, steel slag, additives and cement. The polymer-cement ratio, cement-sand ratio and defoamer-cement ratio on the performance of the mortar were investigated. The factor design was used to determine the optimal process conditions: polymer-cement ratio, 12%; cement-sand ratio, 1:2.5; defoamer-cement ratio, 0.8%; water reducing agent (based on the cement weight), 0.5%. The product conforms to JC/T984-2005 (China professional standard: Polymer cement waterproof mortar). The radioactivity conforms to GB/6566-2010 (China mandatory standard: Building materials radionuclide limited). The applicable temperature of mortar was above zero through discussion.
The Process and Mechanism of Electrolytic Manganese Anode Slime Lead Removal
Authors: Huang Liang Qu , Bi Ya Fan , Mu Lin Lin , Zhang Hong Bo
Published: January 2014

Production of electrolytic manganese metal inevitably produces a certain amount of solid wasteelectrolytic manganese anode slime, with a high manganese content, but its difficult to recycle due to the presence of other impurities. Firstly, the washing method was used to remove the anode slime soluble salts, then its chemical composition and phase were analyzed. The flame atomic absorption spectrometer and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed the anode slime mainly contained Mn, Pb, Ca, Fe, Cr, K, Se and other metal elements, with the average manganese content 45% and the lead 3.5%;X-ray diffraction (XRD) preliminary analysis showed that the anode slime was a colloidal system mainly containing the spinel structure of MnO2 and complex salts PbMn8O16xH2O phase, by high temperature roasting, the anode slime transformed from hexagonal system to cubic system , and the basic structure unit from edges connection to surfaces connection,the change of length,angle and fracture of manganese-oxygen bond provided the channel for the lead leaching;TG-DTA analysis showed that anode slime was dominated by water loss below 400°C,and started to lose oxygen beyond 425°C, and clear endothermic peak was observed at 500°C and 700°C, which showed the anode slime crystal structure changed at 500°C, anode slime weight loss tending to be gentle with some Mn2O3 generation at 700°C, and roasted crystal stabilizing to Mn2O3. Preliminary roasting and leaching purification technology route was proposed according to the above analysis results, and analysis of the purification process related factors was made. Under the condition of natural ventilation, anode slime was roasted at 700°C, and fully leached in 2mol/L HAc , with liquid-solid ratio 10:1, then leached anode slime was characterized by XRD and flame atomic absorption test, the results showed that anode slime manganese content increased from 45% to 67.5%, the lead content decreased from 3.5% to 0.1%, XRD indicated that the anode slime existing phase was Mn2O3. Anode slime after purification treatment can be further used for battery manganese source material, which provides an effective approach for the recovery of manganese anode slime utilization.
Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics and Product Distributions of Coal Tailings and Biomass Blends
Authors: Hui He Long , Jia Jin Wei , Wei Yun Zhao , Liu Shu Cheng , Fu Xing Min , Shu Xin Qian
Published: January 2014

In order to make better utilization of coal tailings (low quality production after coal preparation) as the resources, the pyrolysis characteristics and product distributions during co-pyrolysis of coal tailings together with biomass at different ratio (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) were determined in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a fixed bed reactor in this paper. Coal tailings (TC) selected was provided by Hexi coal in Shanxi province, and pine branch wastes (PBW) were used as biomass samples. The result of TGA experiments indicates that the temperature corresponding to the maximum pyrolysis rate exhibited a significant difference between TC and PBW, and the value of the calculated TGA and DTG curves is similar to the experimental ones. In a fixed bed experiments within a temperature range of 25-900°C, gas product yields of co-pyrolysis of TC and PBW are higher than those of the sum of them individually, while tar and char yields were on the contrary. It shows some synergetic effect exists during co-pyrolysis process of TC and PBW blends, and the maximum synergy exhibits with a PBW blending ratio of 40%. CO yield increases up to 30% at 400°C and CH4yield increases up to 11.33% at 700°C compared with the calculated value. These findings can potentially help to understand and predict the behavior of coal tailings/biomass blends in practical systems.
Autoclaved Brick from Steel Slag and Silicon Tailings
Authors: Li Peng Guan , Zhao Feng Qing
Published: January 2014

The load-bearing brick is made from steel slag and silicon tailings by pressing and autoclaving process. Because of the volume stability, steel slag was ground to above 320 m2/kg and wet cured in 50-60°C at 12-24 hours in the present of additives, before pressure forming and autoclaving process. Tailings account for 63% of the total mass of the brick, while steel slag 30 %. The compressive strength of the brick was up to 13.1MPa, bending strength 3.2MPa, and with low drying shrinkage and good freeze-thaw resistance. The application conditions were discussed.
Comparing Analysis on the Way of Tailings Disposal in China and Australia
Authors: Zhou Han Min , Liu Xiao Fei
Published: January 2014

Tailings are sand like waste what is made by concentrator which elected the valuable concentrate with metallic or non-metallic mining ores. Tailings disposal methods are affected by the topographic and geologic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of tailings, the state environmental control standards and many other factors. Especially the huge differences of each countrys topographic and geologic conditions always lead to the disposal of tailings in very different ways. This paper comparatively analyses the tailings disposal methods of China and Australia. And the evolution of Australias tailings disposal in four generation and the history, current situation and development direction of our countrys tailings disposal are discussed in detail. Then the development direction of tailings disposal is summed at the end.
Recovery of Iron from Lead Slag with Coal-Based Direct Reduction Followed by Magnetic Separation
Authors: Wang Chuan Long , Yang Hui Fen , Jiang Bei Ping , Zhang Jin Long , Lu Lin Fei , Tang Qiong Yao
Published: January 2014

Iron recovery from a lead slag in Henan province was carried out with the technique of coal-based direct reduction followed by magnetic separation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the transformation of iron-containing minerals and the particle size of metallic iron generated by coal reduction. The results showed that technique is feasible for iron recovery from the lead slag. Under the conditions of weight ratio of slag: coal: CaO as 50:15:5, the roasted temperature of 1250 °C for 45 min, and then two stage of grinding and twice magnetic separation, the metallic iron powder was obtained with the iron grade of 92.85% and iron recovery of 92.85%. The iron-containing minerals in the forms of hercynite, fayalite and maghemite were mianly transformed into metallic iron and the particle size of metallic iron was more than 50μm. Therefore, the metallic iron in roasted product can be dissociated by coarse grinding and further was separated by magnetic separation to recover the metallic iron.
Preliminary Study on Design Flow of Recovery of the Waste Container
Authors: Zhang Jia Qi , Yu Chang
Published: January 2014

Container houses have exhibited huge advantages in such aspects as building efficiency, environmental protection and sustainability. This article begins with the present situation of the transformation and application of the waste containers. Then it discusses the characteristics of the containers and provides certain references for the future transformation design of the containers through a case study of the waste containers transformation design flow.
Study on Preparation of High-Strength Gypsum by FGD Gypsum
Authors: Wang Xiao Shu , Zhou Min , Hou Hao Bo , Wang Wei Xin , Shao Yan
Published: January 2014

With the enlarging of industrial desulfurization, the amount of FGD gypsum is increasing rapidly. The preparation of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) is one of the biggest concerns for FGD gypsum reclamation. The influence of mixed chlorate solution of Mg-Ca-Na concentrations (5-30 wt%) and FGD gypsum concentrations (5-30 wt%) by hydrothermal salt solution method at atmospheric were investigated at temperatures (75-99°C) within a reaction time of 4h and a pH value of neutral. The results showed that 20 wt%, 20 wt% and 97°C was respectively optimal parameter of salt media concentration, FGD gypsum concentration and temperature. Products obtained from the dehydration process of optional experimental conditions with mixed crystal modifier were characterized based on relevant standards in this study. The results showed that α-HH had integrity crystal structure, 2h flexural strength and oven dry compressive strength were 5.34MPa and 30.21MPa, which had meet the industry standards of α30 grade.
Towards Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case of Urumqi, China
Authors: Guo Bin , Liu Ya Xuan
Published: January 2014

The rapid industrialization, continuous economic development, as well as increasing urban population and peoples living standards in Urumqi have resulted in a great increase of the total generated amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). Urumqi government strives to improve its municipal solid waste management (MSWM), and the MSW safe disposal rate was already up to 92.9% in 2011. This study presents an detailed overview on current MSWM practice in Urumqi municipality, including MSW characteristics and current status of MSW generation, collection, transportation and final disposal. It shows that more than 80% of MSW was final disposed by landfill and current landfill based MSWM system lack of effectiveness and efficiency. The major barriers and challenges that inhibit effective and efficient MSWM are imperfectness and inefficient enforcement of relevant policies, inappropriate waste treatment fee system, backward technology, insufficient public education and participation, as well as lack of fundamental research. Finally, to overcome such barriers, we propose a detailed integrated MSWM system to facilitate MSWM in Urumqi.
Review on Cyanogenic Bacteria for Gold Recovery from E-Waste
Authors: Liang Chang Jin , Li Jing Ying , Ma Chuan Jing
Published: January 2014

Electronic waste (E-waste) is recognized as a new emerging and fast-growing waste stream, and may be considered as a secondary ore for the recovery of some precious metals (such as gold). A number of control technologies have been conducted for gold recovery, and in which, cyanidation is widely used. In recent years, an alternate approach to the gold cyanidation process is being considered, in which the aim is to replace with the microorganism, specifically cyanogenic bacteria such asChromobacterium violaceum,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia coli.All these species can produce cyanide ions and dissolve gold in their metabolic processes. The mechanism is a combination of chemical knowledge (interaction of metals and cyanide) with microbiological principles (biological cyanide formation) regarding metal solubilization from waste printed circuit boards and the formation of water-soluble cyanide complexes. And the activity of cyanogenic bacteria is affected by many factors, such as pH, dissolved oxygen pulp density and nutriment, especially several metal ions, which can serve as the catalyst in the metabolism. Now researchers are devoting themselves to looking for the proper conditions, not only from the bacteria themselves, but also the combination of many methods, which can reinforce the cyanide generation and improve gold leaching efficiency. At present the reported leaching efficiency of gold with cyanogenic is approximately 70%. As the continuous optimization of conditions, the industrial application can be expected soon.
The Human-Machine Interface Design Based on Labview for Recycling Metals from Mixed Metallic Particles
Authors: Zhan Lu , Shen Ya Qi , Xu Zhen Ming
Published: January 2014

Vacuum metallurgy method is an economically viable and environmentally friendly way for recycling toxic heavy metals from e-waste. For the mixed metallic metals (MMP) obtained from waste printed circuit boards, the vacuum separating steps and related parameters are different and massive. This paper designs the front panel and the related block diagram programming based on Labview software. The explored human-machine interface realizes the convenient and intuitive guiding for vacuum separating metals from various kinds of MMP.
Transfer Regularity of Fe(III)-Al(III) in the Extraction of Indium from Waste TFT-LCD
Authors: Yin Zhou , Ruan Jiu Li , Guo Yu Wen , Qiao Qi , Zhang Jian Qiang , She Ling Ling , Li Xiao
Published: January 2014

The present work investigated the transfer regularity of Fe (III)-Al (III) in the extraction of indium from waste TFT-LCD. The result showed that Fe (III)-Al (III) is extracted by D2EHPA in the extraction process of indium. Therefore by controlling extraction time, the amount of iron and aluminum declined in the extractant. During extraction in D2EHPA, the content of iron and aluminum was affected by acidity and coexisting anions. The iron and aluminum accumulating in D2EHPA could cause aging extractant, which made an impact on loading capacity of the extractant.
A Green Process for Copper Recovery from Waste Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Zhang Zhi Yuan , Zhang Fu Shen
Published: January 2014

In the present study, a green process for cuprous chloride synthesis from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) was developed. High value-added cuprous chloride (98.7% purity) was obtained by treating metallic particles of waste PCBs with solution of cupric sulfate and sodium chloride. Typical noble metal (Pd) was dissolved by forming a stable chloride complex during the synthesis process as Cu2+ played the role of oxidant or concentrated in the residue. Under the optimum condition (VNaCl/mCuSO4 ratio = 6, [C/[Cu2+] mole ratio = 1.05, treatment time = 30 min, operation temperature = 60 °C), yield of cuprous chloride was 74.0% and approximately 98.5% of the copper could be recovered. It is believed that the process proposed is effective and practical for Cu recovery from waste PCBs.
Environmentally Sound Management of E-Waste - Relationship between Environmentally Sound Management and Transboundary Movements
Authors: Honda Shunichi
Published: January 2014

This article discusses relationship between environmentally sound management (ESM) and transboundary movements (TBM) of hazardous wastes, in particular E-waste. ESM and TBM are the main pillars of the Basel Convention; however, the issues on TBM had only been discussed intensively at early stage of the Basel Convention. ESM had been become a main agenda of international discussion of the Basel Convention after several years since entry into force of the Basel Convention. The article introduces a new concept to identify ESM level by using ESM benchmarks and standards.
Study on Kitchen Waste Characteristics of Different Catering Types in Shanghai
Authors: An Ying , Wu Wen Qing , He Wen Zhi , Xu Jing Cheng , Chen Jing Jing , Li Guang Ming
Published: January 2014

The increasing amount of kitchen waste (KW) has raised great concerns for the environmental risk and health issues. It is necessary that some technologies are utilized for managing and treating KW. For proper technology and operation of treating KW, the general composition characteristics of KW were investigated in accordance with different catering types. KW from different catering types (Restaurant, Noshery, Snack bar and Canteen) in Shanghai was sampled for each season in a year. All sampling was carried out 3 days repeatedly and performed after pre-treatment in order to obtain more homogeneous and representative samples. The moisture and VS/TS ratio of KW for different catering types is more than 70% and 89%, respectively. High VS/TS value indicates that KW is suitable for composting and biodegradation. The pH value of KW is lower than 7 for each catering type and drink shop gets the lowest pH (3.47). The total amount of fat, protein and carbonhydrate is over 90% for all the samples and high content of fat and protein indicates that KW can be used as the raw materials for feed process.
Preparation and Characterization of Sawdust Derived Bio-Fuel Pellets Depending on "Solid Bridge" Intertwining Action of Hyacinth Fiber
Authors: Kong Ling Jun , Zhang Xiong Fei , Tian Shuang Hong , Liu Ting , Xiong Ya
Published: January 2014

Densified biomass pellets named as H/S-BPs were prepared from waste wood sawdust (S) in the presence of water hyacinth fiber (H) as solid bridge under room temperature and 6 MPa lower than in the previous study. Mechanical properties including relaxed density (ρr), resiliency (R), abrasion resistance (AR) and impact resistance index (IRI) were evaluated. Results showed that adding H greatly reduced negative effect of resiliency on the mechanical properties of H/S-BPs during storage. For example, H/S-BPs compressed at 6 MPa in an H/S mass ratio of 1 to 3 presented lower resiliency of 10% and higher relaxed density of 1.04 kg dm-3 than pellets without H fiber. This is due to the intertwining action of H fiber, what fabricates solid bridge, replacing the bonding creating by applying high pressure to resist the disruptive force caused by elastic recovery. Thus, compression of waste H and S in a mass ratio of 1 to 3 at room temperature under 6 MPa is a cost-effective process to produce densified sustainable bio-fuel pellet as well as dispose waste S and H, combining the economical and environmental benefits.