bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disaggregation of future GCMs to generate IDF curves for the assessment of urban floods
Authors: Tayşi H. , Özger M.
Published: October 2021

Urbanization and industrialization cause an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn causes changes in the atmosphere. Climate change is causing extreme rainfalls and these rainfalls are getting stronger day after day. Floods are threatening urban areas, and short-duration rainfall and outdated drainages are responsible for urban floods. Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves are crucial for both drainage system design and assessment of flood risk. Once IDF curves are determined from historical data, they are assumed to be stationary. However, IDF curves must be non-stationary and time varying based on preparation for extreme events. This study generates future IDF curves with short-duration rainfalls under climate change. To represent future rainfall, an ensemble of four Global Climate Models generated under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 were used in this study. A new approach to the HYETOS disaggregation model was applied to disaggregate daily future rainfall into sub-hourly using disaggregation parameters of hourly measured rainfalls. Hence, sub-hourly future rainfalls will be obtained capturing historical rainfall patterns instead of random rainfall characteristics. Finally, historical and future IDF curves were compared. The study concludes that increases in short-duration rainfalls will be highly intensified in both the near and distant futures with a high probability.
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and extension advisory service (EAS) stakeholders' prioritisation: a case study of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vincent A. , Balasubramani N.
Published: October 2021

Several climate-smart agriculture (CSA) interventions are promoted by public, private and civil societies in India. However, there is a considerable variation among them. Therefore, to understand the different CSA interventions supported and prioritised by the public and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as their impacts at the farmer level, a case study was undertaken in Anantapur district, as it is highly vulnerable to climate change risks due to the increase in temperature, delayed monsoon, erratic rainfall and frequent occurrence of droughts. A case study research method was followed to assess the CSA interventions promoted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Department of Agriculture, Accion and Adarsha. The findings showed that KVK has focused its extension advisory services on the promotion of field crop (e.g. groundnut)-based CSA. The extension services of NGO-Accion were aimed at promoting horticulture, and Adarsha was prioritised promoting millet-based CSA interventions. Whereas the CSA priority of the department of agriculture was driven by the prevailing zero-budget natural farming project. However, interventions of KVK and NGOs were implemented on a limited scale. Therefore, the recommendations that emerged from the study will help the stakeholders to ensure convergence and foster synergy in implementing CSA interventions at scale. Some challenges faced during the research study were difficulties in the identification of the right stakeholders who were promoting CSA, also their technologies and services related to CSA. However, after a thorough discussion with the extension officers of Anantapur district, the stakeholders were identified and their CSA interventions were ascertained through focus group discussions and secondary data reviewed from magazines and other publications. Furthermore, the present study focused only on the CSA interventions promoted by two public sectors and two NGOs, and there is a wider scope for identifying more stakeholders, e.g. private sector, FPOs and entrepreneurs, and assessing their extent of involvement in the promotion of CSA and prioritisation.
The effectiveness of the activities of the subjects in the suppression of ethno-national conflicts in Russia
Authors: Naidenko Vitalii Nikolaevich
Published: October 2021

A survey conducted by the author of the article (using survey methods and in-depth interviews) of 20 experts who are highly qualified specialists in the field of counteracting ethnic conflicts, results of mass sociological research on the Cossacks, as well as an analysis of scientific works and media publications on the topic of the study allowed to determine the degree of effectiveness of the activity the main actors in the field of suppression of ethno-religious conflicts. The actions of the FSB and the National Anti-Terrorist Committee were recognized as the most effective (score "5"). The experts highly appreciated the effectiveness of the work of the National Guard and the police ("4"). Cossack organizations received an average assessment of the effectiveness of activities to suppress ethnic conflicts ("3"). Not high enough ("2") experts assess the effectiveness of the activities of voluntary people's guards and other public law enforcement formations.
SOME FEATURES OF DIFFERENTIATION OF CONCENTRATION OF DIENE CONJUGATES IN BLOOD SERUM AND TISSUE OF RATS
Authors: Gulenko Ol'ga Nikolaevna , Leonov Viktor Valerievich , Fedotova Anna Aleksandrovna , Dvoriankina Elena Vladimirovna , Pavlova Olga Nikolaevna
Published: October 2021

One of the mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis in the body is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The influence of external and internal factors affecting the body can change the dynamics of LPO processes, causing numerous disorders in the functioning of organ systems. The dynamics of LPO processes in the early stages can be estimated from the change in the concentration of intermediate oxidation products - diene conjugates (DC). The purpose of our study was to identify the features of the differentiation of the distribution of the concentration of diene conjugates in the blood serum and tissues of white outbred rats. New results of nonparametric correlation analysis are presented to assess the relationship of the distribution of the concentration of diene conjugates in the blood serum and tissues of white outbred rats.
Kariyer Keşfi Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Özaydın Sercan , Siyez Diğdem
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kariyer Keşfi Ölçeğinin (KKÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanması ve 4 - 7. sınıflar için psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın birinci örneklemini oluşturan 816 öğrenciden (397 kız, 419 erkek) toplanan verilerle KKÖ’nün yapı geçerliği, ölçüm değişmezliği, eş değer ölçek geçerliği ve güvenirliği incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci örneklemini oluşturan 148 öğrenciden (89 kız, 59 erkek) toplanan verilerle de KKÖ’nün test tekrar test güvenirliği incelenmiştir. Yapı geçerliği için yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda KKÖ’nün orijinal faktör yapısına paralel olacak şekilde tek faktörlü yapıdan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm değişmezliğine ilişkin elde edilen bulgular KKÖ’nün cinsiyete göre ölçüm değişmezliğini sağladığı göstermektedir. Eşdeğer ölçek geçerliği kapsamında KKÖ ile Çocuklar İçin Kariyer Gelişimi Ölçeği’nin bilgi ve merak alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. KKÖ’nün Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .83 olarak bulunmuş ve madde-toplam korelasyon değerlerin .44 - .64 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. İki hafta ara ile uygulanan KKÖ’ye ilişkin test tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı .87 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak KKÖ, 4 - 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer keşfi davranışlarını değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıdır.
Corrigendum to: Water Pollution Monitoring through Remote Sensing
Authors: Vallidevi Krishnamurthy , Gopinath Kannappan P. , Nagarajan Krishnan K. , Prakash D. Gnana , Sudhamsu Gurijala , Sudhish S. , Al-Zahrani Salma A.
Published: October 2021

We apologize for the error that occurred in the online version of the article. Incorrect name of 5th author was published in
the article entitled “Water Pollution Monitoring through Remote Sensing” in “Curr. Anal. Chem., 2021, 17(6), 802-814 [1].

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411016666200206095055

Original:

Gadug Sudhamsu

Corrected:

Gurijala Sudhamsu
Introduction To Physical Techniques for Determination of Structure of Biopolymers
Authors: Takio Nene , Yadav Meera , Khom SonamTashi
Published: October 2021

Biopolymers perform important cellular processes, which are isolated,
purified and studied with the help of a wide range of biophysical, electrochemical and
molecular biology techniques such as NMR, X-ray Crystallography, Electron
Microscopy, and Electron Tomography. X-ray Crystallography helps us to establish 3D
structures of small and large molecules at atomic resolution via the X-ray diffraction
method, whereas NMR determines the content and purity of a sample. Electron
microscopy obtains high-resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens
and electron tomography provides three-dimensional density maps of the pleomorphic
organism from macromolecular complexes to cells.
All these techniques, discussed in this unit, provide us a greater insight to unravel the
mystery of complex organisms and to understand the structure and functional
properties of the biomolecules.
Structure and Function of Biological Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids and Biomembranes
Authors: Yadav Nagendra  Nath , Yadav Saroj , Pareek Archana
Published: October 2021

This chapter deals with the introduction, definition and classification of
various biological molecules like carbohydrates, lipids and bio-membranes, amino
acids, proteins and nucleic acids. The synthesis of carbohydrates, structure and function
of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, absolute and relative
configuration of sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugar, Fischer projection formula
and Haworth projection formula are also briefly described. A brief knowledge about
the type of fatty acids, acid value, soap value, various types of lipids, including
phospholipids and sphingolipids, is also included. This unit also discusses the
properties of various types of amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids, including
structures of nucleoside, nucleotides, DNA and RNA.
Structure and Biological Function of Vitamins
Authors: Yadav Nagendra  Nath , Pareek Archana , Khom Sonam  Tashi
Published: October 2021

This chapter deals with the introduction, classification and biological
functions of vitamins. The deficiencies caused by water-insoluble vitamins such as
vitamin-A, vitamin-D, vitamin-E and vitamin-K and water-soluble vitamins such as
vitamin-C and the vitamin-B complex have been discussed in detail. The structure and
properties of various types of vitamins are also part of this subject.
Bioenergetics, Metabolism of Biomolecules, Photosynthesis and Respiration, Transcription and Translation, Recombinant DNA Technology
Authors: Yadav Saroj , Yadav Kamlesh  Singh , Yadav Pratibha
Published: October 2021

This unit describes how living organisms are procuring their life with energy
transform in order to perform biological work. This chapter explores the in-depth
metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and fats, proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides.
The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the structure of DNA
and the technology of recombinant DNA have been described in detail.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF LOBBYING IN RUSSIA
Authors:   A. T. Ragimov Dagestan State University, Ragimov A.T.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the problems of the emergence of lobbying in general as a socio-political, including legal phenomenon. Lobbying is considered as one of the possible forms, the use of which can minimize the costs of political and, above all, managerial processes. In this context, it can dramatically affect the extent of corruption in a particular country. According to the author, the legal regulation of lobbying activities in Russia does not find proper political and legal support. However, the research of scientists is increasingly making this problem relevant.
HISTORICAL TYPES OF EVIDENTIARY THEORIES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN THEORY OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   T. B. Ramazanov Dagestan State University, Ramazanov T. B. , Ramazanova E. T. ,   E. T. Ramazanova Dagestan State University
Published: October 2021

The article considers the essence and content of such historical types of evidentiary theories as the theory of formal evidence, the theory of evaluating evidence by internal conviction, the Anglo-Saxon theory of evidence and the Russian theory of evidence in criminal proceedings. Attention is focused on the features of the Russian theory of evidence as created as a result of combining the theory of formal proofs and the Anglo-Saxon theory.
LEGAL IDEOLOGY OF THE STATE AS A CONSOLIDATING FOUNDATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY
Authors:   N.V. Tyumeneva  Saratov National Research State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, Tyumeneva N.V.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the significance of state ideology for modern society. It is proved that the ideology of the Soviet state was used to justify and maintain party power, fused with the state apparatus, as well as to suppress political competitors and political dissent. Despite the fact that the Constitution of the Russian Federation prohibits the establishment of a state or other ideology as mandatory, political ideology continues to be the most important resource of state power. It is suggested that in the modern Russian legal reality, the state ideology has not ceased to exist, but has changed, transformed into a legal ideology, the qualitative difference of which is the rule of law and general legal principles. The author argues for the formation of a national legal idea, on the basis of which a balance of political forces will be achieved, and different social strata will interact. It is concluded that the key values of modern legal ideology, in the promotion of which the state actively participates, are patriotism, the preservation of the people, and citizenship.
REFORM OF CHAPTER 7 OF THE RUSSIAN CONSTITUTION IN 2014 AND 2020
Authors:   M. A. Vlasova Togliatti State University, Vlasova M. A.
Published: October 2021

Constitutional reforms of 2014 and 2020 into Chapter 7 of the Russian Constitution are analyzed was called "Judicial Power" until 2014. The merit of the professor, the Attorney General of the Russian Federation A.I. Kazannik is noted in preserving the institute of the prosecutor's office in Russia.
PLACE AND ROLE OF THE THEORY OF STATE AND LAW IN THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL SCIENCES
Authors:   L.B. Gandarova Ingush State University, Gandarova L.B.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the place of the theory of state and law in the system of legal sciences, and also emphasizes its fundamental role in the system of legal sciences. To substantiate his position, the author investigated the views of authoritative modern domestic legal scholars on the classification of legal sciences. The article identifies the main thematic blocks, which include all legal disciplines. The problems that hinder the development of the theory of state and law as a basic legal science are identified, its methodological nature is noted. It is concluded that without the assimilation of theoretical and legal knowledge, it is impossible to give a correct assessment of the complex state and legal phenomena of public life, to know their essence and purpose, to get an idea of the legal system as a whole
LEGAL STATUS OF AN EMPLOYEE: DIGITAL PROFILE AND DIGITAL INCOME
Authors:   A.Yu. Rozhkova Pskov State University, Rozhkova A.Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted with the provisions on the transformation of the legal status of the employee by virtue of the introduction of legislative norms into labor legislation to develop an adaptive (remote) form of employment within the framework of the national project "Human Resources for the Digital Economy" in the context of the technological transition to digital tools. On the basis of legal analysis, new signs of employee legal status have been identified by the emergence of digital profiles, smart contracts, digital rights, digital revenues in remote labor and legislative recognition of electronic database systems as platform solutions for the development of digital legal relations. Risks and perspectives are indicated on the basis of foreign experience about the formation of a self-regulated remote labor market. The results of the article will allow objective legal interpretation of the legal status of the employee for legal assessment and qualifications of labor relations, based on legal analysis, static and dialectical approaches, scientific continuity
Metabolic abnormalities in acute renal failure, influence on nutritional management
Authors: Mitch William E.
Published: October 2021

Acute renal failure (ARF) occurs when there is a rapid loss of the clearance capacity of the kidney. This leads to an abrupt accumulation of unexcreted waste products. Even though the specificity of uremic toxins is debated, it is clear that accumulated waste products lead to anorexia, lethargy, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms associated with uremia. ARF also causes accumulation of sodium, water and electrolytes which can cause life threatening problems from extracellular volume overload, hyperkalemia, etc.
The therapeutic implications of oxidative stress in patients receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Crowe AV , Bell GM
Published: October 2021

Oxygen-derived free radicals are highly reactive chemical species containing an unpaired electron. They are capable of reacting with lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and are thought to have a major role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. Antioxidants protect and limit free radical damage and it is the balance between free radical activity and antioxidant mechanisms that determine the potential for tissue damage [1,2]. Oxidative stress exists when there are either low levels of these antioxidants or increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The progression of chronic renal failure: An unmet challenge
Authors: El Nahas A M , Tamimi N
Published: October 2021

An increasing number of patients require dialysis replacement therapy every year in Europe. This reflects the large number of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and the progressive nature of their underlying nephropathies. Worldwide, the annual incidence of acceptance rates on renal replacement programmes varies between 25 patient per million of population (pmp) in some developing countries to 58.6 pmp in Europe, 169 pmp in the USA [I] and 194.2 pmp in Japan [2]. In Europe, there are in excess of 312 pmp on replacement therapy with France having one of the highest prevalence within the continent with 628 pmp [3]. Further, there are important differences in the incidence of end stage renal failure (ESRF) according to age, gender and race. In Western countries, the incidence of ESRF is lowest in children (10 pmp/year) and highest in the elderly (> 400 pmp/year in patients over the age of 75). The incidence of ESRF is higher in males. In the United States, the incidence of ESRF is higher in Afro-Carribeans and native Americans [4]. This reflects both an increased prevalence of CRF in these ethnic minorities as well as a higher rate of progression [4]. It also reflects the higher incidence of systemic hypertension and diabetic nephropathy in black and native Americans respectively [4].In the United Kingdom, the incidence of ESRF is higher in Asians [5].
Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of the renal complications of COVID-19 in Africa
Authors: Elsayed Hesham M. , Wadee Shoyab , Zaki Mohamad S. , Were Anthony J. O. , Ashuntantang Gloria E. , Bamgboye Ebun L. , Davids Mogamat Razeen , Hafez Mohamed H. , Mahamat Maimouna , Naicker Saraladevi , Niang Abdou , Seck Sidy M. , Swanepoel Charles R. , Tannor Elliot K. , Twahir Ahmed , Yao K. Hubert
Published: October 2021

Africa trails the rest of the world in COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, as the pandemic spreads through the continent, we expect increases in community infection in the months ahead. Patients with kidney infection, especially those with end-stage kidney disease and those with kidney transplants, are at high risk for acquiring the disease and dying from it. While there is limited evidence for the benefit of interventions, we have the advantage of learning from the experiences of those in China, Europe and the Americas. This document sets forth guidance for dealing with our patients who have acute and chronic kidney disease, including those on renal replacement therapy and the staff involved in their care. Emphasis is placed on preparedness and prevention strategies. As evidence and experience accumulate, it is likely that updated guidance will be needed. L’Afrique suit le reste du monde en termes de nombre de cas et de décès dus à COVID-19. Cependant, alors que la pandémie se propage à travers le continent, nous prévoyons une augmentation de l’infection communautaire dans les mois à venir. Les patients atteints d’une maladie rénale, en particulier ceux atteints d’une maladie rénale chronique en phase terminale et ceux ayant subi une transplantation rénale, courent un risque élevé de contracter la maladie et d’en mourir. Bien que les preuves d’interventions soient limitées, nous avons l’avantage de tirer des enseignements des expériences de ceux qui se trouvent en Chine, en Europe et dans les Amériques. Ce document présente des conseils pour traiter nos patients atteints d’insuffisance rénale aiguÃ« et chronique, y compris ceux sous thérapie de suppléance rénale et le personnel impliqué dans leurs soins. L’accent est mis sur les stratégies de préparation et de prévention. Au fur et à mesure que les preuves et l’expérience s’accumulent, il est probable que des directives actualisées seront nécessaires.
Health-related quality of life in a PD-First programme in South Africa
Authors: Davidson Bianca , Welgemoed Waldo , Jones Erika , Barday Zibya
Published: October 2021

Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, offers a PD-First policy as a result of haemodialysis (HD) restrictions and resource limitations. This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, given the lack of autonomy in modality choice and the socio-economic challenges. This single-centre, cross-sectional study was performed between July 2015 and December 2016. Demographic, socio-economic variables and perceptions of safety were collected. HRQOL was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM) version 1.3. All data were compared between the two dialysis modalities; 77 HD and 33 PD patients were included in the study and there were no significant differences in demographics. Median age was 42.5 years (IQR: 32.4–48.6) and 57.3% were female. HD patients had less pain (P = 0.036), better emotional well-being (P = 0.020) and a better energy/fatigue score (P = 0.015). Both cohorts experienced role-limitations due to physical health with PD being more affected overall (P = 0.05). The only significant symptom in the kidney domain was that PD patients experienced more shortness of breath (P < 0.001). Patients in both groups had very poor socio-economic circumstances, and safety within their communities was a major concern. The patients in our dialysis service have very challenging social circumstances. Those on PD scored worse in four HRQOL domains, possibly due to a lack of autonomy in dialysis modality choice and less frequent contact with dialysis staff. Additional psychological and social support needs to be instituted to help improve our patients’ well-being on PD.
Acute kidney injury as the presenting feature of sarcoidosis
Authors: Mehta Sudhir , Singh Akashdeep , Makkar Vikas
Published: October 2021

Acute kidney injury is rarely the presenting feature of sarcoidosis. We report the case of a patient whose diagnosis was brought to light by the investigation of impaired kidney function. Concurrent hypercalcaemia was noted and prompted further investigation, which led to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. This is a rare phenomenon and is an important consideration in the patient with acute kidney injury and hypercalcaemia, without an apparent explanation. Rapid improvement in both kidney function and hypercalcaemia occurred in response to treatment.
The Ghana Renal Registry – a first annual report
Authors: Boima Vincent , Tannor Elliott K. , Osafo Charlotte , Awuku Yaw Asante , Mate-Kole Michael , Davids M Razeen , Adu Dwomoa
Published: October 2021

There are few data on the treatment of kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa and no formal reports of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in Ghana. We report data from the newly established Ghana Renal Registry on the prevalence, causes, and modality of treatment of kidney disease in Ghana. Using the web-based data capture system of the African Renal Registry, data were obtained for patients who had KRT in Ghana between January and December 2017. A total of 201 patients started KRT, giving an incidence rate of 6.9 per million population (pmp). There were 687 patients on KRT, a prevalence rate of 23.6 pmp. The median age of prevalent patients was 45.5 years and 63.6% were male. Hypertensive kidney disease was the most common primary kidney disease, reported in 39.9%. The overwhelming majority of patients (96.2%) were treated with haemodialysis, 3.5% had a kidney transplant, and only two were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The incidence and prevalence of KRTtreated kidney failure in Ghana is low, and the patients are younger than those on KRT in high- and upper-middle income countries. The major cause of kidney failure is hypertensive kidney disease and the vast majority of the patients are treated with haemodialysis.
Management of malaria with acute renal failure
Authors: Wilairatana Polrat , Looareesuwan Sornchai , Neild Guy H.
Published: October 2021

In parts of the world, such as Africa, where Plasmodium falciparum is endemic and its transmission is stable, severe malaria affects mainly children. Cerebral malaria and severe anaemia are common but multi-organ failure involving the kidneys or liver is very rare. Surviving children develop immunity and thus as adults rarely develop severe disease III. In contrast, in other tropical countries where transmission of P. falciparum is unstable and the risk of infection low, severe malaria can occur at any age. Severe malaria is defined as parasitaemia greater than 5% or vital organ dysfunction. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication of severe falciparum malaria in non-immune individuals. At the Bangkok hospital for Tropical Disease, 5,210 patients with falciparum malaria were admitted during the period 1991-1997 of whom 112 patients (2.12%) had ARF. In a recent study of 560 cases of severe adult malaria in Vietnam, 28% of patients had renal failure on admission and 41% at some stage, with 14% overall requiring dialysis [2]. Overall, however, ARF is not a common complication of malaria. During the Vietnam war, the reported incidence was 19 cases in 3,000 malarial admissions in 1965/6 and 8 of 2003 admissions n 1966 [3,4].
A New Method to Extract Health-Related Quality of Life Data From Social Media Testimonies: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Renner Simon , Marty Tom , Khadhar Mickaïl , Foulquié Pierre , Voillot Paméla , Mebarki Adel , Montagni Ilaria , Texier Nathalie , Schück Stéphane
Published: October 2021

Background

Monitoring social media has been shown to be a useful means to capture patients’ opinions and feelings about medical issues, ranging from diseases to treatments. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a useful indicator of overall patients’ health, which can be captured online.

Objective

This study aimed to describe a social media listening algorithm able to detect the impact of diseases or treatments on specific dimensions of HRQoL based on posts written by patients in social media and forums.

Methods

Using a web crawler, 19 forums in France were harvested, and messages related to patients’ experience with disease or treatment were specifically collected. The SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey) and EQ-5D (Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimensions) HRQoL surveys were mixed and adapted for a tailored social media listening system. This was carried out to better capture the variety of expression on social media, resulting in 5 dimensions of the HRQoL, which are physical, psychological, activity-based, social, and financial. Models were trained using cross-validation and hyperparameter optimization. Oversampling was used to increase the infrequent dimension: after annotation, SMOTE (synthetic minority oversampling technique) was used to balance the proportions of the dimensions among messages.

Results

The training set was composed of 1399 messages, randomly taken from a batch of 20,000 health-related messages coming from forums. The algorithm was able to detect a general impact on HRQoL (sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.74), a physical impact (0.67 and 0.76), a psychic impact (0.82 and 0.60), an activity-related impact (0.73 and 0.78), a relational impact (0.73 and 0.70), and a financial impact (0.79 and 0.74).

Conclusions

The development of an innovative method to extract health data from social media as real time assessment of patients’ HRQoL is useful to a patient-centered medical care. As a source of real-world data, social media provide a complementary point of view to understand patients’ concerns and unmet needs, as well as shedding light on how diseases and treatments can be a burden in their daily lives.
Patient-Reported Benefits and Limitations of Mobile Health Technologies for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Sushko Katelyn , Wang Qi Rui , Tschirhart Menezes Holly , Fitzpatrick-Lewis Donna , Sherifali Diana
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

For women with pre-existing and gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy involves specialized and intensive medical care to improve maternal and infant outcomes. Medical management for patients with diabetes in pregnancy typically occurs via frequent face-to-face outpatient appointments. Barriers to face-to-face care during the COVID-19 pandemic have signaled the need for high-quality, patient-centered virtual health care modalities, such as mobile health (mHealth).

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the proposed scoping review is to identify the patient-reported benefits and limitations of mHealth technology among women with diabetes in pregnancy. We also aim to determine how the women’s experiences align with the best practice standards for patient-centered communication.

METHODS

Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for conducting scoping reviews with refinements by Levac et al will be used to guide the conduct of this scoping review. Relevant studies will be identified through comprehensive database searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, and PsycINFO. Following database searches, studies will be screened for eligibility at the title, abstract, and full-text level by two independent reviewers, with the inclusion of a third reviewer if required to reach consensus. Data charting of included studies will be conducted by one reviewer using a standardized data extraction form and verified independently by a second reviewer. Synthesis of results will be guided by Thomas and Harden’s “Methods for the Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research in Systematic Reviews.”

RESULTS

As of August 2020, we have carried out the qualitative searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, and PsycINFO (Ovid interface) for a combined total of 8207 articles. Next, we plan to conduct the quantitative searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Emcare (Ovid interface). We also plan to review the reference lists of relevant studies to identify additional eligible studies.

CONCLUSIONS

With the results of this review, we hope to describe the patient-reported benefits and limitations of mHealth technology for women with diabetes in pregnancy. Furthermore, we aim to determine how women’s experiences align with the best practice standards for patient-centered communication. Ultimately, our review can provide valuable information for guideline developers, policy makers, and clinicians related to mobile technologies to support virtual care delivery for women with diabetes in pregnancy.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/29727
Tracing Unemployment Rate of South Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data (Preprint)
Authors: Nia Zahra Movahedi , Asgary Ali , Bragazzi Nicola , Melado Bruce , Orbinski James , Wu Jianhong , Kong Jude Dzevela
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Global economy has been hardly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries are experiencing a severe and destructive recession. Unemployment rate is very important to policy makers as it provide a key indicator of overall labour market and wider economic conditions. Despite its relevance, there is usually a delay in the availability of the indicator as it is traditionally based on a survey of households over several months. The speed at which the economy in most countries decline at the onset of COVID-19 highlights the importance of timely information about the labour market during the onset of a recession. In the coming year, there will be uncertainty about the timing and extent of any improvement in labour market outcomes that will also highlight the value of timely information.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study is to provide policy- and decision-makers with additional and real-time information about the labor market flow during a prolonged pandemic. The first objective of the study is to find the missing unemployment rates in cases where census measurements are incomplete. The second objective is to estimate the unemployment rate in real-time since it usually takes months for formal unemployment data to be published. In this paper, we use social media data, particularly, Twitter to trace and nowcast the unemployment rate of South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

Unemployment rate in South Africa is estimated quarterly. We first used Google mobility index to interpolate it and find the monthly values. Next, we created a dataset of unemployment related tweets in South Africa using certain keywords such as employed, unemployed, and retrench. Principal Component Regression (PCR) was applied to estimate the unemployment rate using the tweets and their sentiment scores.

RESULTS

Numerical results indicate that the number of tweets is highly correlated with the unemployment rate during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the trend of the normalized sum of the sentiment scores of the tweets is negatively correlated with the unemployment rate of South Africa. Moreover, the estimated unemployment rate using PCR is highly correlated with the actual unemployment rate of South Africa and has a low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study show that social media information can be used to reasonably estimate one of the key labor market indicators, especially during disaster events such as a prolonged pandemic. This information can be used to rapidly understand and manage the impacts of the pandemic on the economy and people’s life.
Use of a Semi-Automatic Text Message System to Improve Satisfaction with Wait Time in the Adult Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ehrler Frederic , Rochat Jessica , Siebert Johan Nicolas , Guessous Idris , Lovis Christian , Spechbach Hervé
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Many factors influence patient satisfaction during an emergency department (ED) visit, but the perception of the waiting time plays a central role. A long wait time in the waiting room increases the risk of hospital-acquired infection, as well as the risk of a patient leaving before being seen by a physician, particularly those with a lower level of urgency who may have to wait for a longer time.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to improve the perception of waiting time through the implementation of a semi-automatic text message (SMS) system that allows patients to wait outside the hospital and facilitates the recall of patients closer to the scheduled time of meeting with the physician.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the system using a tailored questionnaire to assess the patient perspective and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology questionnaire (UTAUT) for the caregiver perspective. We also monitored the frequency of system use with logs.

RESULTS

In total, 110 usable responses were collected (patients, 100; caregivers, 10). Findings revealed a very high level of patient satisfaction (97%), with most patients waiting outside the ED, but inside the hospital. Caregiver evaluation showed that it was very easy to use, but adoption of the system was more problematic because of the perceived additional workload associated with its use.

CONCLUSIONS

Although not suitable for all patients, our system allows those with a low severity sign to wait outside the waiting room and to be recalled according to the dedicated time defined in the Swiss Emergency Triage Scale. It not only reduces the risk of hospital-acquired infection, but also improves the patient experience and was perceived as a real improvement. Further automation of the system needs to be explored in order to reduce caregiver workload and increase its utilization.
Fever and hyperpyrexia in children. Emergency care and modern treatment options
Authors: Heorhiants M.A. , Korsunov V.A.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the practical issues of providing emergency care to children with febrile conditions from the mo-dern point of view. The main data reflecting the pathogenesis of fever are presented. Recommendations for the selection of groups of patients at high risk of threatening bacterial infections and approaches to their examination and treatment are provided. A review of modern pharmacological possibilities of antipyretics is also given.
Airway patency in children for dental therapeutic procedures in ambulatory practice
Authors: Sorokina O.Yu. , Teplova I.V. , Isak M.M.
Published: October 2021

This article presents a literature review of basic concepts of artificial airway patency in children during anesthetic management for prolonged dental procedures in outpatient surgery (MedLine, PubMed). The following considers the necessity to protect airways from the moment of onset of deep sedation, when verbal contact with a child is not always adequate, the le-vel of reflex activity is reduced, and vital functions control is not complete yet without additional supporting mechanisms. Airway patency management and selection algorithms are given depen-ding on various factors, such as the duration and invasiveness of dental intervention, the characteristics of the child’s anatomy, and concomitant pathologies, as well as associated emergency conditions with a strategy for their prevention. Comparative cha-racteristics of the use of laryngeal devices and various intubation techniques in the aspect of pediatric dentistry have been carried out. A separate paragraph in the article highlights the methods of monitoring in the operating theatre and the strategy of the Difficult Airway Society, the support and implementation of which is mandatory in any private structures of pediatric outpatient anesthesia practice in Europe and America.
Understanding food selection and dieting patterns: type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their families
Authors: Kurnia Dikha Ayu , Yulia Yulia
Published: October 2021

Background. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing from year to year, especially in Indonesia. The risk of T2DM starts at the dinner table in the family. Meal planning plays an important role in reducing the potential complications associated with poor glycemic, lipid and blood pressure control. Focusing on reducing sugar, fat and sodium intake and incorporating culture-appropriate foods will improve adherence. However, T2DM patients develop conflicting eating disorders in which there is a gap between nutrition and self-fulfillment regarding eating control. The purpose of this research is to explore the understanding of the diabetes patient and their family in determining the selection of food and eating pattern during the disease. Materials and methods. This study explores the understanding of T2DM patients and their families in the Depok and Jakarta. The purposive sampling method used 14 participants and 7 family members. The data obtained from participant observation and in-depth interviews then analyzed using thematic analysis. Using a descriptive phenomenological method with a semi structured in-depth interview. The interviews were conducted face to face from October 2017— July 2018 and were analyzed by thematic analysis Collaizi’s method. Results. This study found 4 important themes: 1) food is believed to affect high blood sugar; 2) changes in diet after diabetes; 3) the main concern of the family is to keep eating but not make it a burden; and 4) the challenge faced by participants and their families is the lack of information. This study recommends continuing education and partnerships from nurses about the importance of the relationship between diet and blood glucose levels. Conclusions. People are inclined to rely on simple strategies that limit search when making food choices. The ability of patients and families regarding food ingredients to maintain blood sugar stability is the concern of nurses in providing nutritional education. Food labels can (and to some extent do) provide a wide variety of desirable information, ranging from food content to production details, the food’s carbon footprint, and its origins.
Vitamin D role in endothelial dysfunction development in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Arkhypkina T.L. , Bondarenko V.A. , Lyubimovа L.P. , Bielkina I.O. , Velichko N.F.
Published: October 2021

Background. The study was aimed to determine the correlation between the blood concentration of vitamin D and factors that influence the function of the endothelium and the hemodynamic of gonads in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material and methods. Sixty women aged from 18 to 26 years were examined: 30 women with a diagnosis of PCOS and 30 healthy women. The blood serum concentration of vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (Hcy), nitrites/nitrates (NOx), and arginine were investigated. Maximum systolic velocity (Vmax), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured with Doppler ultrasound. Cholecalciferol was used in a dose of 4000 IU per day for 12 weeks for the correction of deficiency of vitamin D. Results. The patients with PCOS were found to have a lower (Р<0.001) average vitamin D than healthy women. The reduction of vitamin D concentration was combined with an increase (P<0.001) in the average concentration of NOx and a decrease in arginine. It was found a positive association between vitamin D and arginine (r=0.391; P<0.05), between NOx and CRP (r=0.432; P<0.02), IL-6 (r=0.476; P<0.01), Vmax (r=0.383; P<0.05), RI (r=0.369; P<0.05), PI (r=0.380; P<0.05) and reverse correlation with arginine (r=–0.375; P<0.05). It was not found an association between NOx and vitamin D (r=0.207; P>0.05), Hcy (r=0.176; P>0.05); between vitamin D and Vmax (r=0.231; P>0.05), RI (r=0.201; P>0.05), PI (r=0.181; P>0.05). The therapy of cholecalciferol level was accompanied by an increase (P<0.001) in concentrations of vitamin D, arginine (P<0.05) and a decrease in NOx (P<0.02), IL-6 (P<0.05), SRP (P<0.001), Hcy (P<0.001), Vmax (P<0.001), RI (P<0.001), PI (P<0.01), quantity of antral follicles (P<0.001), and the growth of follicles (P<0.001). However, none of the studied indicators reached the indicators in healthy women. Conclusions. The deficiency of vitamin D is associated with increased markers of chronic inflammation, homocysteine, nitrate/nitrites, reduced concentration of arginine that provokes the development of endothelium dysfunction and, therefore, the hemodynamics disorders and folliculogenesis in the ovary.
Endoscopic stenting for stenosing cancer and digestive canal structures
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Babii O.M. , Shevchenko B.F. , Tarabarov S.O.
Published: October 2021

Background. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic stenting method in stenosing cancer and strictures of the digestive tract. Materials and methods. Since January 2015, endoscopic stenting has been performed in 12 patients using self-expanding nitinol stents with/without polymer coating manufactured by Boston Scientific, Ltd (USA) and uncoated nitinol stents manufactured by Garson (Korea). The study included 8 men (66.7 %) and 4 women (33.3 %) aged 51–80 years, (63.0 ± 4.2) years on average. Stenosing esophageal cancer was diagnosed in 5 patients, stenosing cancer of the gastric outlet— in 3, stenosing duodenal cancer — in one, esophageal stricture — in 3 people. In all patients, the indication for stenting was impaired patency of the digestive tract due to the underlying di-sease. Results. Nutrition was restored in all patients. In the group of stenosing esophageal cancer, the 30-day mortality rate was 20%, the median survival rate was 9 months. Recurrence of dysphagia was diagnosed in one person, recanalization of the stent lumen was performed. In the group with stenosing cancer of the gastric outlet and duodenum, the 30-day mortality rate was 33.3%, the median survival rate was 11 months. Impaired gastric emptying was detected in one patient, repeated stent-to-stent stenting was performed. In the group with esophageal stricture, one individual had stent migration, so the stent was repositioned. Conclusions. Endoscopic stenting with self-expanding nitinol stents in incurable patients with malignant stenoses of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and in those with benign esophageal strictures is the surgery of choice, a safe and effective method that allows you to restore and continue natural nutrition and thereby improve the quality of life in incurable cases. Complications arising in the late period after stenting were found in 25 % of patients, and were corrected endoscopically.