bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of dislocation mobility resonances in NaCl crystals under ultralow magnetic fields in EPR scheme
Authors: Koldaeva M. V. , Alshits V. I.
Published: January 2024

Dislocation motions are studied in NaCl crystals exposed to an EPR impact under crossed ultralow magnetic fields, the Earth field BEarth ∼ 50 µT, and the AC pumping field B̃(ν) of the amplitude 2.5 µT in the frequency band of 6 kHz to 2.1 MHz. Mean dislocation paths form a spectrum of multiple peaks at definite resonance frequencies. Dislocation motions are supposed to be caused by spin-dependent transformation of impurity centers, which, in turn, provide depinning of dislocations and relaxation of their structure. The observed spectrum is attributed to specific features of the hyperfine EPR at the applied field BEarth small as compared with the crystalline local fields Bloc created by nuclei of Cl ligands surrounding the Ca pinning centers. The developed theory well describes peak positions in the observed frequency spectrum.
The use of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) on farm animal’s productivity, health and reproductive performance: a review
Authors: Muedi H. T. H. , Kujoana T. C. , Shai K. , Mabelebele M. , Sebola N. A.
Published: January 2024

Global food insecurity is mostly the result of human-animal competition for food, as well as recent population growth, erratic weather patterns and environmental shocks. Therefore, maximising the production of animal proteins can reduce the competition between demand and consumption. Hence, the current review aimed at outlining the use of hemp on the production, health and reproductive performances of farm animals. The data used in this review were accessed using Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate and the directory of open-access journals. It was found that industrial hemp, particularly its derivatives such as hemp-seed meal and oil, has gained attention for its potential benefits in animal nutrition and health. The impact of hemp on farm animals, their productivity, health and reproductive performance, is an area of ongoing research. Our findings on the assessment of the nutritional benefits of hemp to livestock have shown hemp to be a great nutritional source to livestock because, hemp-seed cake, a byproduct of hemp oil extraction, is rich in essential and non-essential amino acids, fibre, and healthy fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. When incorporated into animal feed, it can contribute to a balanced diet, potentially improving overall health and productivity. Furthermore, the health benefits may be due to the fatty acid profile in hemp that is known to have positive effects on animal reproduction (optimal fertility and gestation) and health, including anti-inflammatory properties, which could benefit conditions related to inflammation. Additionally, hemp contains compounds such as cannabinoids and terpenes that might offer therapeutic effects, although the effects of these compounds in animals are still being studied. In conclusion, there is limited direct research on hemp’s effect on reproductive performance in farm animals. Hence, more research is necessitated.
From manual to machine
Authors: Guo Meng , Han Lili
Published: January 2024

This study introduces a groundbreaking automated methodology for measuring ear–voice span (EVS) in simultaneous
interpreting (SI). Traditionally, assessing EVS – a critical temporal metric in SI – has been hampered by labour-intensive and
time-consuming manual methods that are prone to inconsistency. To overcome these challenges, our research harnesses
state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) technologies, including automatic speech recognition (ASR), sentence boundary
detection (SBD) and cross-lingual alignment, to automate EVS measurement. We deployed a comprehensive array of NLP models and
evaluated the automated pipelines on a 20-hour English-to-Portuguese SI corpus which featured 57 varied audio pairings. The
findings are encouraging: the most effective model combination achieved a median EVS error of less than 0.1 seconds across the
corpus. Moreover, the automated pipelines exhibited a high level of accuracy, strong correlation and substantial agreement with
manual measurements when assessing median EVS for individual audio pairs. Despite these satisfactory results, certain challenges
persist with some NLP models, indicating clear avenues for future research. This study not only introduces a groundbreaking
approach to large-scale EVS measurement but also propels the automation of process analysis in Interpreting Studies.
The particle dynamics around rotating charged black holes with Weyl corrections
Authors: Rahim Rehana , Razzaq Aqeela , Abdul Mateen Muhammad
Published: January 2024

In this article, particle dynamics around charged rotating black holes with Weyl corrections is discussed. First, the metric is studied for its horizon structure and scalar curvature invariants. The effects of Weyl corrections on circular motion of the particles is analyzed around central object. We have shown dependency of effective potential, energy, angular momentum and inner most stable circular orbits on black hole parameters. We have also determined center of mass energy expression for collision of two neutral particles. In the Penrose process of energy extraction, it has been found that efficiency is not that much higher as compared to the other modified rotating black holes.
Reinforcement of carbon fibers: γ-irradiation induced microporous modulation and surface defect repairing with graphene quantum dots
Authors: Shao Ruiqi , Zhou Zhidong , Wang Wei , Liu Shengkai , Ma Tianshuai , Li Tianyu , Jiang Wanwei , Min Chunying , Xu Zhiwei
Published: January 2024

Due to the presence of numerous defects both internally and on the surface, carbon fiber exhibits mechanical properties far below theoretical predictions. Finding a rapid and effective method for reinforcing the matrix remains a challenge. To address this, we have conducted structural reinforcement of carbon fiber by improving the orientation of internal micropores and eliminating surface defects. On the one hand, we subjected the carbon fiber to a dose of 100 kGy of gamma-ray irradiation in the air. After testing, the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber improved by 5.59%. Analysis using techniques such as small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that gamma rays can slightly alter the orientation of the fiber’s internal micropores and enhance graphitization to some extent. On the other hand, we introduced graphene quantum dots (GQDs) onto the surface of the carbon fiber using electrostatic spraying and electrophoretic deposition techniques to fill the defect sites. Compared to untreated carbon fiber, the mechanical properties improved by 10.65% and 9.40% when GQDs were grafted using electrophoretic deposition and electrostatic spraying methods, respectively. This improvement can be attributed to the adsorption of GQDs on the surface of the carbon fiber, which disperses stress during tensile loading and delays fracture. Finally, grafting of GQDs onto the surface of gamma-irradiated carbon fibers by electrophoresis improved the mechanical properties of the carbon fibers by 15.53% compared to unmodified carbon fibers. This work provides a more comprehensive perspective for repairing carbon fiber structures.
Electrical conduction properties of PP-based nanocomposite with high thermal conductivity for HVDC cable insulation
Authors: Li Jing , Gao Yu , Liu Baixin , Guo Chenyi , Gao Junguo , Chen Yu , Du Boxue
Published: January 2024

This paper reports on thermal and electrical conduction properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposite used for high voltage direct current cable insulation. To improve the thermal conductivity of the PP/propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blend (noted as PB), boron nitride (BN) nanosheets with high thermal conductivity are added. The pretreatment process through template method is to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) network structure composed of BN nanosheets (noted as 3DBN). Then the 3DBN is added into the PP/ PBE blend, in which the 3D networks are locally arranged and the other BN nanosheets are randomly dispersed. Thermal conductivity is estimated, while electrical conductivity is measured under electric fields of 5–40 kV mm−1 at various temperatures. Carrier trap distribution is derived from isothermal surface potential decay method. In addition, the microstructure and crystallization characteristics of the nanocomposites are measured. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the PP/PBE blend is improved obviously by the addition of the locally arranged 3DBN, and that of PB-3DBN-10 is increased by 16% compared with that of PB. Deep traps are introduced by the dispersed BN nanosheets and the electrical conduction is reduced, which becomes increasingly evident with the filler content and temperature. It is suggested that the introduction of thermal conductive fillers with a 3D network structure and well-dispersed state can synergistically enhance the thermal conductivity and insulation performances of the PP-based material.
Atomic diffusion in liquid gallium and gallium-nickel alloys probed by quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Shahzad A , Yang F , Steffen J , Neiss C , Panchenko A , Goetz K , Vogel C , Weisser M , Embs J P , Petry W , Lohstroh W , Görling A , Goychuk I , Unruh T
Published: January 2024

The atomic mobility in liquid pure gallium and a gallium-nickel alloy with 2 at% of nickel is studied experimentally by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering. The integral diffusion coefficients for all-atom diffusion are derived from the experimental data at different temperatures. DFT-based ab-initio molecular dynamics (MD) is used to find numerically the diffusion coefficient of liquid gallium at different temperatures, and numerical theory results well agree with the experimental findings at temperatures below 500 K. Machine learning force fields derived from ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) overestimate within a small 6% error the diffusion coefficient of pure gallium within the genuine AIMD. However, they better agree with experiment for pure gallium and enable the numerical finding of the diffusion coefficient of nickel in the considered melted alloy along with the diffusion coefficient of gallium and integral diffusion coefficient, that agrees with the corresponding experimental values within the error bars. The temperature dependence of the gallium diffusion coefficient

D

Ga

(
T
)

follows the Arrhenius law experimentally for all studied temperatures and below 500 K also in the numerical simulations. However,

D

Ga

(
T
)

can be well described alternatively by an Einstein–Stokes dependence with the metallic liquid viscosity following the Arrhenius law, especially for the MD simulation results at all studied temperatures. Moreover, a novel variant of the excess entropy scaling theory rationalized our findings for gallium diffusion. Obtained values of the Arrhenius activation energies are profoundly different in the competing theoretical descriptions, which is explained by different temperature-dependent prefactors in the corresponding theories. The diffusion coefficient of gallium is significantly reduced (at the same temperature) in a melted alloy with natural nickel, even at a tiny 2 at% concentration of nickel, as compared with its pure gallium value. This highly surprising behavior contradicts the existing excess entropy scaling theories and opens a venue for further research.
Anti-disturbance self-alignment method for dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system under marine mooring conditions
Authors: Lin Yusen , Miao Lingjuan , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: January 2024

Under the marine mooring conditions, the inertial navigation system (INS) is often disturbed by angular and linear motions, and it is difficult to perform self-alignment with high accuracy. To solve this problem, an anti-disturbance self-alignment method for dual-axis rotational INS is proposed. The method transforms the self-alignment problem into an attitude matrix solving problem, so as to deal with the disturbance of angular motion. By analyzing the relationship between the amount of measurement data and the accuracy of self-alignment, the optimal integration time is designed and a partial integral algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, the influence of initial velocity error on self-alignment under linear motion disturbance conditions is analyzed, and an initial velocity compensation method is proposed. Experimental results show that high-accuracy self-alignment can be achieved using the proposed method under the joint disturbance of angular and linear motions.
Magnetic resonance imaging of blood perfusion rate based on Helmholtz decomposition of heat flux
Authors: Eda Naohiro , Nara Takaaki
Published: January 2024

Objective. Thermal property (TP) maps of human tissues are useful for tumor treatment and diagnosis. In particular, the blood perfusion rate is significantly different for tumors and healthy tissues. Noninvasive techniques that reconstruct TPs from the temperature measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by solving an inverse bioheat transfer problem have been developed. A few conventional methods can reconstruct spatially varying TP distributions, but they have several limitations. First, most methods require the numerical Laplacian computation of the temperature, and hence they are sensitive to noise. In addition, some methods require the division of a region of interest (ROI) into sub-regions with homogeneous TPs using prior anatomical information, and they assume an unmeasurable initial temperature distribution. We propose a novel robust reconstruction method without the division of an ROI or the assumption of an initial temperature distribution. Approach. The proposed method estimates blood perfusion rate maps from relative temperature changes. This method avoids the computation of the Laplacian by using integral representations of the Helmholtz decomposition of the heat flux. Main Result. We compare the reconstruction results of the conventional and proposed methods using numerical simulations. The results indicate the robustness of the proposed method. Significance. This study suggests the feasibility of thermal property mapping with MRI using the robust proposed method.
Breaking boundaries in radiology: redefining AI diagnostics via raw data ahead of reconstruction
Authors: He Bingxi , Sun Caixia , Li Hailin , Wang Yongbo , She Yunlang , Zhao Mengmeng , Fang Mengjie , Zhu Yongbei , Wang Kun , Liu Zhenyu , Wei Ziqi , Mu Wei , Wang Shuo , Tang Zhenchao , Wei Jingwei , Shao Lizhi , Tong Lixia , Huang Feng , Tang Mingze , Guo Yu , Zhang Huimao , Dong Di , Chen Chang , Ma Jianhua , Tian Jie
Published: January 2024

Objective. In the realm of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for medical image analysis, the paradigm of ‘signal-image-knowledge’ has remained unchanged. However, the process of ‘signal to image’ inevitably introduces information distortion, ultimately leading to irrecoverable biases in the ‘image to knowledge’ process. Our goal is to skip reconstruction and build a diagnostic model directly from the raw data (signal). Approach. This study focuses on computed tomography (CT) and its raw data (sinogram) as the research subjects. We simulate the real-world process of ‘human-signal-image’ using the workflow ‘CT-simulated data- reconstructed CT,’ and we develop a novel AI predictive model directly targeting raw data (RCTM). This model comprises orientation, spatial, and global analysis modules, embodying the fusion of local to global information extraction from raw data. We selected 1994 patients with retrospective cases of solid lung nodules and modeled different types of data. Main results. We employed predefined radiomic features to assess the diagnostic feature differences caused by reconstruction. The results indicated that approximately 14% of the features had Spearman correlation coefficients below 0.8. These findings suggest that despite the increasing maturity of CT reconstruction algorithms, they still introduce perturbations to diagnostic features. Moreover, our proposed RCTM achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.863 in the diagnosis task, showcasing a comprehensive superiority over models constructed from secondary reconstructed CTs (0.840, 0.822, and 0.825). Additionally, the performance of RCTM closely resembled that of models constructed from original CT scans (0.868, 0.878, and 0.866). Significance. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach directly based on CT raw data can enhance the precision of AI models and the concept of ‘signal-to-image’ can be extended to other types of imaging. AI diagnostic models tailored to raw data offer the potential to disrupt the traditional paradigm of ‘signal-image-knowledge’, opening up new avenues for more accurate medical diagnostics.
Influence of electron cyclotron current drive on the transition between normal sawteeth and the stationary state
Authors: Chen W J , Zhang W , Ma Z W , Zhang H X , Wang X
Published: January 2024

The transition between normal sawteeth and a sawtooth-free stationary state after electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) deposition has been numerically investigated by the CLT code. The periods of normal sawteeth decrease if co-ECCD deposits inside the initial

q
=
1

surface and increase when co-ECCD deposits outside the

q
=
1

surface. When co-ECCD deposits in the vicinity of the

q
=
1

surface, the normal sawteeth can be converted into a stationary state, during which sawteeth are completely prevented. The stationary state can also be converted into normal sawteeth if co-ECCD is injected just outside the

q
=
1

surface. The mechanism of the transition between normal sawteeth and sawtooth-free stationary states is then discussed.
Commissioning of the imaging neutral particle analyser for the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Rueda-Rueda J , Garcia-Munoz M , Viezzer E , Schneider P A , Garcia-Dominguez J , Oyola P , Galdon-Quiroga J , Hidalgo-Salaverri J , Du X , Van Zeeland M A , Videla-Trevin M , van Vuuren A Jansen ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

An imaging neutral particle analyser (INPA) diagnostic has been installed and commissioned at the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak. The AUG INPA diagnostic provides energy and radially resolved measurements of the fast-ion (FI) distribution, complementing the existing set of diagnostic which measure the confined FI population. To this end, it analyses charge exchange (CX) neutrals produced in reactions between FI and neutrals injected by a neutral beam injector. These CX neutrals are ionised by a 20 nm carbon foil and deflected towards a scintillator by the machine magnetic field. The use of a scintillator as active component allows us to cover the whole plasma radial range with an energy resolution of 9 keV and a spatial of 3 cm for 93 keV deuterons. First measurements demonstrate the high sensitivity of the INPA diagnostic to different AUG fast-ion distribution functions, from NBI and ion-cyclotron resonance heating origin, and show good agreement with the synthetic diagnostic.
Bidisperse magnetorheological fluids with strong magnetorheological response, long-term stability and excellent in-use performance
Authors: Nejatpour Mona , Saleh Mostafa Khalil Abdou , Ulasyar Abasin , Unal Ugur , Lazoğlu İsmail , Yağcı Acar Havva
Published: January 2024

There is a critical demand for magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) with high particle loading, long-term stability, and high magneto-viscous properties to be used in industrial MRF devices. Bidisperse MRFs composed of highly magnetizable micron-sized carbonyl iron particles and poly(acrylic acid) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-PAA) that can chemically interact are proposed to achieve such MRFs, here. Coating bare, commercial CI with lauric acid (LA) enhanced its dispersibility in a hydrophobic carrier fluid, allowed high magnetic loading and significantly prevented the sedimentation of the particles when mixed with 9–12 wt% SPION. Different carrier fluids (mineral oil, paraffin, and hydraulic oil) were tested, and hydraulic oil was determined as the best for this particle combination. The most stable bidisperse MRF was achieved at 83%–84% magnetic content with 12 wt-%SPION-PAA, LA-coated-CI and 3 wt% polyvinyl alcohol. Such MRFs outperformed the commercial benchmark, 140-CG® from Lord Corp., in long-term stability (4 months) and stability under dynamic loading. Bidisperse MRFs were stable between 20 °C and 60 °C. Most importantly, the excellent performance of the bidisperse MRFs in dampers designed for washing machines suggests that these MRFs may provide comparable damping forces with much better stability, ensuring longer shelf-life and longer lifetime in use.
Unraveling photodissociation dynamics by sub-femtosecond ultraviolet pulses: insights into fragmental kinetics and carrier-envelope phase characterization
Authors: Xia Dong Xiao , Gong Maomao , Zhao Xi , Rong Liu Yan , Cheng Yongjun , Wu Yong , Guo Wang Jian , Chen Jing , Bin Zhang Song
Published: January 2024

The duration of laser pulses and the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) play a crucial role in shaping kinetic energy release (KER) spectra. In this study, we performed theoretical calculations on pulse duration-dependent KER spectra, ranging from hundreds to sub-femtoseconds, focusing on the

M
g

H
+

scenario. Our findings reveal a distinct shift in KER peaks from sub-cycle pulses, deviating from the resonance energy. Utilizing two-level perturbation theory, we identify that this shift is attributable to the energy-dependent transition matrix elements. Moreover, our investigation uncovers a notable CEP effect in KER from sub-cycle pulses, arising from interference between counter-rotating and rotating terms within a single ultraviolet photon transition. To leverage this insight, we propose a novel pump-probe methodology for precise CEP characterization of ultra-short laser pulses. We hope this method would promise advancements in understanding and manipulating ultrafast processes.
Spin-textured Volkov–Pankratov states and their tunnel magnetoresistance response
Authors: Adak Vivekananda , Chakraborty Subhadeep , Roychowdhury Krishanu , Das Sourin
Published: January 2024

Volkov–Pankratov (VP) states are a family of sub-gap states that appear at the smooth interface/domain wall between topologically distinct gaped states. We carry out quantum transport simulations on one- and two-dimensional lattice models to demonstrate the emergence of such states in the edge spectrum of a quantum spin Hall system subjected to a smoothly varying exchange field that switches its sign at a given spatial point. We show the VP states possess non-trivial spin textures that can be characterized by a winding number in real space. It is further demonstrated that the application of an electric field along the edge provides control of this spin texture without altering the winding number. Finally, we illuminate how these spin textures can be read off via the local tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) response of spin-polarized tunnel probes attached to the edge and the TMR can be controlled by purely electrical means akin to a Datta–Das type spin transistor.
Electrically induced direct to indirect exciton transition in CdTe/CdMnTe concentric double quantum ring rooted in SiO2 matrix
Authors: Sherly I Janet , Nithiananthi P
Published: January 2024

Effect of electric field and ring dimension on the localization of direct and indirect exciton formed inside a CdTe/CdMnTe Concentric Double Quantum Ring (CDQR) has been studied using variational technique. The whole double ring structure is embedded inside a SiO2 matrix to enhance exciton localization. Electric field applied along the axial (z) axis tilts the band structure which promotes the carrier localization more in the edges than in the center of the ring. Thus, the stronger electric field gives a triangular confinement to the carrier in the edges which enhances the carrier stability. Along with the effect of electric field the ring dimension which determines the stability of the exciton retains has been estimated through the mean square distance. The effect of the location of the constituent carriers on the excitonic stability and the efficient carrier transfer from inner ring to outer ring has been calculated for both symmetric and asymmetric ring dimensions. Height of the ring has been varied to understand its effect on the localization of both direct and indirect exciton.
Three-in-one polarization detector enabled by metasurface
Authors: Tian Xinyi , Ma Aning , Huang Haofeng , Ma Kai , Guo Hao
Published: January 2024

In the field of biomedicine, the detection of target analytes imposes requirements on polarization information detection and sensitivity. It necessitates non-destructive analysis of proteins and DNA. The combination of dielectric geometric metasurface with terahertz (THz) vortex beams present new opportunities for biomedical sensing. In this work, we employ simulation to demonstrate a novel methodology that integrates off-axis dual-focus with vector vortex beams (VVB). Moreover, the metasurface-based method provides potential solutions for miniaturized polarization detection. The capability of polarization detection is evaluated using different polarization states at three different focal planes. Specifically, the ellipticity and handedness of incident THz waves can be determined by the electric field intensity ratio of the two off-axis focused spots. The major axis direction of linear polarization waves can be determined by extracting the azimuth of the VVB. It is worth mentioning that higher-order VVB, benefiting from its high angular resolution characteristics, exhibits enhanced sensitivity in determining the direction of major axes. Our proposed scheme offers potential applications for THz communications, medical imaging, security detection and remote sensing.
Efficient noiseless linear amplification protocol for single-photon state using imperfect auxiliary photon source
Authors: Gu Jing-Qiu , Feng Ya-Peng , Du Ming-Ming , Zhong Wei , Sheng Yu-Bo , Zhou Lan
Published: January 2024

Noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is a crucial method to solve the photon transmission loss problem. However, most NLA protocols require an ideal auxiliary single-photon source, which is unavailable under current experimental condition. Meanwhile, their heralded amplification performance is relatively low. For enhancing the feasibility and amplification performance of the NLA, in this paper, we propose an efficient NLA protocol with a practical imperfect auxiliary single-photon source. We introduce the local-quadrature squeezing operation into the NLA protocol, which can effectively increase its amplification factor. This NLA protocol only uses some common linear-optical elements, the practical imperfect auxiliary single-photon source, and imperfect single-photon detectors, so that it is easy to implement under the existing experimental condition. It may have important applications in the future quantum information processing field.
Anisotropic spin transport and photoresponse characteristics detected by tip movement in magnetic single-molecule junction
Authors: Chen 陈 Deng-Hui 登辉 , Yang 羊 Zhi 志 , Fu 付 Xin-Yu 新宇 , Qin 秦 Shen-Ao 申奥 , Yan 严 Yan 岩 , Wang 王 Chuan-Kui 传奎 , Li 李 Zong-Liang 宗良 , Qiu 邱 Shuai 帅
Published: January 2024

Orientation-dependent transport properties induced by anisotropic molecules are enticing in single-molecule junctions. Here, using the first-principles method, we theoretically investigate spin transport properties and photoresponse characteristics in trimesic acid magnetic single-molecule junctions with different molecular adsorption orientations and electrode contact sites. The transport calculations indicate that a single-molecule switch and a significant enhancement of spin transport and photoresponse can be achieved when the molecular adsorption orientation changes from planar geometry to upright geometry. The maximum spin polarization of current and photocurrent in upright molecular junctions exceeds 90%. Moreover, as the Ni tip electrode moves, the tunneling magnetoresistance of upright molecular junctions can be increased to 70%. The analysis of the spin-dependent PDOS elucidates that the spinterfaces between organic molecule and ferromagnetic electrodes are modulated by molecular adsorption orientation, where the molecule in upright molecular junctions yields higher spin polarization. Our theoretical work paves the way for designing spintronic devices and optoelectronic devices with anisotropic functionality base on anisotropic molecules.
Accelerated generation of holograms with ultra-low memory symmetrically high-compressed look-up table
Authors: Yang 杨 Yan 燕 , Zhu 朱 Jianying 建英 , Sun 孙 Minyuan 敏远 , Bi 毕 Yong 勇
Published: January 2024

Computer-generated holography technology has been widely applied, and as research in this field deepens, the demand for memory and computational power in small AR and VR devices continues to increase. This paper presents a hologram generation method, i.e., a symmetrically high-compressed look-up table method, which can reduce memory usage by 50%. In offline computing, half of the basic horizontal and vertical modulation factors are stored, halving the memory requirements without affecting inline speed. Currently, its potential extends to various holographic applications, including the production of optical diffraction elements.
Topological edge and corner states of valley photonic crystals with zipper-like boundary conditions
Authors: Shen 沈 Yun-Feng 云峰 , Xu 许 Xiao-Fang 孝芳 , Sun 孙 Ming 铭 , Zhou 周 Wen-Ji 文佶 , Chang 常 Ya-Jing 雅箐
Published: January 2024

We present a stable valley photonic crystal (VPC) unit cell with C
3v
symmetric quasi-ring-shaped dielectric columns and realize its topological phase transition by breaking mirror symmetry. Based on this unit cell structure, topological edge states (TESs) and topological corner states (TCSs) are realized. We obtain a new type of wave transmission mode based on photonic crystal zipper-like boundaries and apply it to a beam splitter assembled from rectangular photonic crystals (PCs). The constructed beam splitter structure is compact and possesses frequency separation functions. In addition, we construct a box-shaped triangular PC structures with zipper-like boundaries and discover phenomena of TCSs in the corners, comparing its corner states with those formed by other boundaries. Based on this, we explore the regularities of the electric field patterns of TESs and TCSs, explain the connection between the characteristic frequencies and locality of TCSs, which helps better control photons and ensures low power consumption of the system.
Error field penetration in J-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model
Authors: Wang 王 Wen 文 , Xu 徐 Tao 涛 , Zhang 张 Yi 仪 ,   the J-TEXT team
Published: January 2024

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant surfaces. We have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick’s improved two-fluid model and program LAYER. We calculated the error field penetration threshold for J-TEXT. In addition, we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration value. However, the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the penetration. By scanning the natural mode frequency, we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency decreases. Finally, we obtain the m/n = 2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.
Limitations in the electrochemical analysis of voltage transients
Authors: Harris Alexander R
Published: January 2024

Objective. Chronopotentiometric voltage transients (VTs) are used to assess the performance of bionic electrodes. The data obtained from VTs are used to define the safe operating conditions of clinical devices. Various approaches to analysing VTs have been reported, and a number of limitations in the accuracy of the measurements in relation to electrode size have been noted previously. Approach. The impact of electronic hardware and electrode configuration on VTs is discussed. Main results. The slew rate, rise time, sample time, minimum pulse length and waveform averaging characteristics of the electronic hardware, and electrode configuration will impact on VT measurement accuracy. Subsequently, activation and polarisation voltage measurements, and the definition of safe stimulation levels can be affected by the electronic hardware and electrode configuration. Significance. This article has identified some limitations in the previous literature related to the measurement and reporting of VTs and subsequent analysis of access and polarisation voltages. Furthermore, the commonly used Shannon plot used to define safe stimulation protocols does not correct for uncompensated resistance, account for electrode roughness or changes in electrode configuration. The creation of a safe stimulation plot which has been corrected for uncompensated resistance would generate more widely applicable stimulation guidelines for clinical devices used in different anatomical locations such as endovascular neural interfaces.
Research on low-carbon operation mode of coal mine based on life cycle
Authors: Jia Yuliang , Mei Chen , Guo Yangnan
Published: January 2024

Based on the theoretical framework of the whole life cycle theory and the specific production process of underground mines, this research focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the carbon emission accounting boundaries and sources within the entire life cycle of underground mining. Furthermore, a robust carbon emission accounting model is developed specifically for the entire life cycle of coal production. Subsequently, a case study involving an actual coal mine production scenario is conducted, wherein the model is utilized for analysis and calculation purposes. The comprehensive analysis and calculation results reveal that electricity usage constitutes the primary source of carbon emissions within coal mines, closely followed by methane escape and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion. Based on these findings, the research then proposes strategies for low-carbon operations and the implementation of carbon reduction technologies in coal mines. By conducting a detailed analysis of the carbon emission accounting within the whole life cycle of underground mining and providing concrete findings and practical recommendations, this paper contributes to the understanding and management of carbon emissions in the coal production sector.
Exergy transfer characteristics and structural parameters optimization in blast furnace slag heat recovery device
Authors: Tao Sheng Kai , Yu Qing Bo , Yu Zhen Yu , Liu Hai Wei , Yang Chen
Published: January 2024

Thermodynamic analysis was employed to evaluate an MBHE (moving bed heat exchanger) for heat recovery from BFS (blast furnace slag). The study conducted experimental investigations to assess the influence of several factors on heat transfer, exergy transfer, and exergy destruction, including the granular side Peclet number, waterside Reynolds number, arrangement, tube spacing, and tube shape. Structural parameters of the MBHE were optimized based on the heat transfer enhancement number, resulting in the determination of the optimal parameters: staggered arrangement, Dh/D=2, Dv/D=3, and elliptical tubes.
Research on flow distribution optimization of flue gas cooler based on numerical simulation
Authors: Xie Changya , Si Paiyou , Liu Shuangbai , Mei Long , Zhu Longfei , Zhang Teng
Published: January 2024

Based on Fluent, the flow distribution in flue gas cooler and its inlet and outlet flue in a power plant was numerically simulated. The calculation results show that the flue gas velocity distribution at the import of flue gas cooler was imbalance. The no uniform distribution of flue gas velocity can easily lead to problems such as wear, ash deposition and uneven heat transfer. To address the problem of uneven distribution of flue gas velocity, a diversion structure is designed and installed in the inlet flue of flue gas cooler. The numerical calculation results show that compared with the original flow distribution structure, the diversion structure can make the flow distribution of the flue gas cooler and its inlet and outlet flue more uniform, which can effectively avoid the problems of wear, ash deposition and uneven heat transfer.
N3G project: front-end electronics and mechanical advances
Authors: Capra S. , Secci G. , Million B. , Manara L. , Coelli S. , Citterio M. , De Salvador D. , Raniero W. , Carraro C. , Bertoldo S. , Napoli D.R. , Pullia A. ,   the N3G collaboration
Published: January 2024

The higher counting-rate and radiation hardness required by modern gamma spectroscopy experiments highlight the need for a new generation of High-Purity Germanium detectors based on electrons-collecting electrodes. To achieve this goal, new doping technologies are required. The one studied by the N3G (Next Generation Germanium Gamma detectors) project is the Pulsed Laser Melting. Besides the development of innovative segmented High-Purity Germanium crystals, the project is also aimed at developing a detector case complete of contact structures and front-end electronics. A specific integrated circuit pre-amplifier is being designed: a first version was tested at room temperature, using a pulser as pre-amplifier input. A resolution of 1.08 keV with 15 pF input capacitance, reproducing the one of a detector single segment, was obtained with 6 µs shaping time.
Radiation tolerance of SiGe BiCMOS monolithic silicon pixel detectors without internal gain layer
Authors: Milanesio M. , Paolozzi L. , Moretti T. , Cardella R. , Kugathasan T. , Martinelli F. , Picardi A. , Semendyaev I. , Zambito S. , Nakamura K. , Takubo Y. , Togawa M. , Elviretti M. , Rücker H. , Cadoux F. , Cardarelli R. , Débieux S. , Favre Y. , Fenoglio C.A. , Ferrere D. , Gonzalez-Sevilla S. , Iodice L. , Kotitsa R. , Magliocca C. , Nessi M. , Pizarro-Medina A. , Sabater Iglesias J. , Saidi J. , Vicente Barreto Pinto M. , Iacobucci G.
Published: January 2024

A monolithic silicon pixel prototype produced for the
MONOLITH ERC Advanced project was irradiated with 70 MeV protons up
to a fluence of 1 × 1016
1 MeV n
eq/cm2. The ASIC contains a matrix of
hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch, readout by low-noise and
very fast SiGe HBT frontend electronics. Wafers with 50 μm
thick epilayer with a resistivity of 350 Ωcm were used to
produce a fully depleted sensor. Laboratory tests conducted with a
90Sr source show that the detector works satisfactorily after
irradiation. The signal-to-noise ratio is not seen to change up to
fluence of 6 × 1014
n
eq/cm2. The signal
time jitter was estimated as the ratio between the voltage noise and
the signal slope at threshold. At -35°C, sensor bias voltage
of 200 V and frontend power consumption of 0.9 W/cm2, the time
jitter of the most-probable signal amplitude was estimated to be σ
t
90Sr = 21 ps for proton fluence up to
6 × 1014
n
eq/cm2 and 57 ps at
1 × 1016
n
eq/cm2. Increasing the sensor
bias to 250 V and the analog voltage of the preamplifier from 1.8
to 2.0 V provides a time jitter of 40 ps at
1 × 1016
n
eq/cm2.
A ROS-responsive loaded desferoxamine (DFO) hydrogel system for traumatic brain injury therapy
Authors: Qiu Yun , Zeng Yu , Zhang Chun , Lv Xiaorui , Ling Yating , Si Yu , Guo Tao , Ni Yinying , Zhang Jingwen , Xu Changgen , Wang Ziyu , Hu Jiabo
Published: January 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces excess iron, and increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which can exacerbate secondary damage and lead to disability and death. Therefore, inhibition of iron overload and oxidative stress has a significant role in the treatment of TBI. Functionalized hydrogels with iron overload inhibiting ability and of oxidative stress inhibiting ability will greatly contribute to the repair of TBI. Herein, an injectable, post-traumatic microenvironment-responsive, ROS-responsive hydrogel encapsulated with deferrioxamine mesylate (DFO) was developed. The hydrogel is rapidly formed via dynamic covalent bonding between phenylboronic acid grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and phenylboronate bonds are used to respond to and reduce ROS levels in damaged brain tissue to promote neuronal recovery. The release of DFO from HA-PBA/PVA hydrogels in response to ROS further promotes neuronal regeneration and recovery by relieving iron overload and thus eradicating ROS. In the Feeney model of Sprague Dawley rats, HA-PBA/PVA/DFO hydrogel treatment significantly improved the behavior of TBI rats and reduced the area of brain contusion in rats. In addition, HA-PBA/PVA/DFO hydrogel significantly reduced iron overload to reduce ROS and could effectively promote post-traumatic neuronal recovery. Its effects were also explored, and notably, HA-PBA/PVA/DFO hydrogel can reduce iron overload as well as ROS, thus protecting neurons from death. Thus, this injectable, biocompatible and ROS-responsive drug-loaded hydrogel has great potential for the treatment of TBI. This work suggests a novel method for the treatment of secondary brain injury by inhibiting iron overload and the oxidative stress response after TBI.
Use of antioxidant nanoliposomes for co-delivery of PTEN plasmids and plumbagin to induce apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells
Authors: Bhagat Stuti , Singh Sanjay
Published: January 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a challenging contributor to the global cancer and related mortality, and claims approximately 800,000 deaths each year. Dysregulation or loss of function mutations involving the tumor suppressor gene, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), has been well-characterized in various cancers to elicit anomalous cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. However, the delivery and bioavailability of genes/drugs of interest to carcinomas remains a serious bottleneck behind the success of any anti-cancer formulation. In this study, we have engineered nanoliposomes containing PTEN plasmids, plumbagin, and antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (Lipo-PTEN-Plum) to restore the PTEN expression and inhibit the AKT/PI3K pathway. The Lipo-PTEN-Plum was quasi-spherical in shape with ∼110 nm diameter and ∼64% plumbagin loading efficiency. The Lipo-PTEN-Plum was successfully internalized HepG2 cells, restore PTEN expression and inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway to induce death in cells grown in monolayer and in form of spheroids. Mechanistically, the formulation showed G2/M cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. Other cellular events such as Caspase-7 overexpression and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AKT (a serine/threonine protein kinase), PARP [Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases], and mTOR (Mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibition led to the apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. The mRNA expression profile of PTEN, PI3K, AKT3, Caspase-7, PARP and mTOR proteins, primarily controlling the cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, suggest that exogenous supply of PTEN could regulate the expression of oncogenic proteins and thus cancer progression.
The nitrogen footprint of Ukraine: why personal consumption matters
Authors: Medinets Sergiy , Leach Allison M , Pavlik Tetiana , Medinets Volodymyr , Galloway James N
Published: January 2024

Unintended reactive nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture, energy and transportation pose significant environmental hazards, including eutrophication, acidification, water and air pollution, biodiversity loss, human health risks and climate change. The concept of a nitrogen footprint (NF) emerges as a pivotal metric, reflecting potential N losses in the entire production-consumption chain of goods and services used by an individual within a defined timeframe.

In a pioneering assessment of per capita NF in Ukraine, key factors, such as the food production chain, consumption patterns, connection to wastewater treatment (WWT) system and the efficacy of WWT facilities, were identified as critical components. Addressing specific challenges, such as data availability, soil N depletion and manure waste, was found to be particularly complex. The apparent high nitrogen use efficiency in Ukrainian cropping systems was highlighted to be actually reflected in the elevated N mineralization rate in Ukrainian soils characterized by high organic matter content. The individual Ukraine NF (22.1 kg N cap−1yr−1as of 2017) was found to be much lower than that of the US and Australia being comparable to Western European countries. Even so, significant opportunities for reduction remain through a wide range of options towards healthier and more sustainable dietary choices. Potential reductions, ranging from 22% to 69%, were shown for omnivore, reduced red meat, no red meat, half meat products, vegetarian and vegan diets. In the absence of proper manure management in Ukraine, even greater reductions of an ‘actual’ NF can be achieved if wasted N manure is considered.

The war’s impact is assumed to result in a slight increase or no changes in individual food consumption NFs and an increase in food production NFs for local products, while reductions in individual transport and energy NFs were likely across Ukraine. Nonetheless, refugees massively displaced to less affected regions overload a largely outdated civilian infrastructure, leading to higher N losses.

Looking ahead, sustained support, capital investments, legislative enhancements and regulatory frameworks, especially upon post-war renovation of Ukraine, are imperative for reducing the individual NF. This involves enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture, establishing efficient manure management, upgrading WWT facilities, promoting renewable energy adoption, bolstering requisite infrastructure and raising public awareness on environmental sustainability.
Revealing the seasonal cycles of Arctic phytoplankton: insights from year-round chlorophyll monitoring
Authors: Ko Eunho , Park Jisoo , Cho Kyoung-Ho , Yoo Jaeill , Moon Jong Kuk , Shim Chorom , Yang Eun Jin
Published: January 2024

Rapid Arctic Ocean warming has caused severe sea ice decline, impacting light distribution, phytoplankton blooms, and primary production. We investigated Arctic phytoplankton bloom timing using continuous chlorophyll-a fluorescence data obtained from three Korea Arctic Mooring Systems (KAMSs) deployed north of the East Siberian Sea (KAMS1), north of the Chukchi Sea (KAMS2), and the middle of the Northwind Ridge (KAMS4). Our findings revealed that the bloom initiation times were June 4 (±28 d) in KAMS1, June 24 in KAMS2, and May 21 (±6 d) in KAMS4, when the sea ice concentration (SIC) was >90% and the ice thickness was 1–2 m, indicating that the under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs) developed 1–2 months before the sea ice retreated (mid-July, when SIC was <80%). Peak bloom and termination times were consistently observed in early August and mid-October, respectively. The average phytoplankton bloom lasted for approximately four months, longer than the open water periods at the mooring sites. However, the timing of the phytoplankton blooms from the biogeochemical model-based reconstructions was, on average, 6–10 weeks later than that deduced from the observed data. Furthermore, the maximum chlorophyll-a concentration observed during the bloom peak was approximately ten-times higher than that indicated by the biogeochemical model-based reconstructions (1.81 vs. 0.17 mg −3). The differences in chlorophyll-a concentrations and bloom timings indicate that biogeochemical models remain insufficient for simulating the phytoplankton dynamics of the Arctic Ocean, such as UIBs and the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer. Based on the continuously observed chlorophyll-a concentrations, we gained a precise understanding of the seasonal cycles of Arctic phytoplankton, including UIBs. These valuable data will contribute to improving the accuracy of biogeochemical models of the Arctic Ocean.