bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Flow Cytometry Analysis in Body Cavity Fluids Using Liquid‐Based Cytology
Authors: Ryu Ayumi , Honma Keiichiro , Tsuzaki Sayoko , Yoshioka Risa , Tanada Satoshi , Yamamoto Takashi , Satomi Hidetoshi , Nagata Shigenori , Yamasaki Tomoyuki , Ohue Masayuki
Published: February 2025

Background

DNA flow cytometry using LC‐1000 is utilized for analyzing cellular and nuclear lengths and DNA content in individual cells with samples in cell preservation solutions to acquire the cell proliferation index (CPIx). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of body cavity fluid cytology using LC‐1000. As cell preservation solutions, liquid‐based cytology (LBC) by Cellprep (CP) was compared with CelVerse (CeV), specifically designed for the LC‐1000.

Methods

Overall, we evaluated 43 samples (20 malignant and 23 benign) of body cavity fluids suspended in CeV and 59 samples (28 malignant and 31 benign) suspended in CP. The CPIx was compared between malignant and benign cases of CeV and CP. Further, the subject groups were divided according to the SubG1% in a sample.

Results

The CPIx in CeV was 0.14–10.22 (median 0.62) in malignant cases and 0.09–4.64 (median 0.19) in benign cases (p < 0.001); additionally, CP displayed 0.14–9.87 (median 0.84) in malignant cases and 0.11–3.02 (median 0.22) in benign cases (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.811 for CeV and 0.776 for CP. The difference in SubG1% between the CeV and CP groups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and influenced the AUC in CP.

Conclusion

The CPIx in CeV or CP samples using the LC‐1000 may be applicable as an objective indicator in body cavity fluid cytology. Samples preserved in CeV provided more consistent results, unaffected by SubG1%, when compared to those stored in CP.
Towards a Consensus for Dyslexia Practice: Findings of a Delphi Study on Assessment and Identification
Authors: Holden Caroline , Kirby Philip , Snowling Margaret J. , Thompson Paul A. , Carroll Julia M.
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the findings of a Delphi study in which dyslexia experts, including academics, specialist teachers, educational psychologists, and individuals with dyslexia, were asked for their agreement with a set of key statements about defining and identifying dyslexia: why it should be assessed and how and when this assessment should be conducted. Two rounds of survey responses provided a vehicle for moving towards consensus on how to assess for dyslexia. Forty‐two consensus statements were ultimately accepted. Findings suggested that assessment practice should take account of risks to the accurate identification of dyslexia. An assessment model, with guidelines for assessors, is presented, based on the Delphi's findings. This hypothesis‐testing model requires assessors to investigate and weigh up the factors most likely to result in an accurate assessment before reaching conclusions, assigning terminology, and making recommendations for intervention and management.
Historical Demography and Species Distribution Models Shed Light on Speciation in Primates of Northeast India
Authors: Trivedi Mihir , Arekar Kunal , Manu Shivakumara , Kuderna Lukas F. K. , Rogers Jeffrey , Farh Kyle Kai‐How , Bonet Tomas Marques , Umapathy Govindhaswamy
Published: February 2025

Past climate change is one of the important factors influencing primate speciation. Populations of various species could have risen or declined in response to these climatic fluctuations. Northeast India harbors a rich diversity of primates, where such fluctuations can be implicated. Recent advances in climate modeling as well as genomic data analysis has paved the way for understanding how species accumulate at a particular geographic region. We utilized these methods to explore the primate diversity in this unique region in relation to past climate change. To ascertain the population level changes, we inferred the demographic history of nine species of primates found in Northeast India and compared it with species distribution models of Pliocene and Pleistocene period. Through this study, we are able to provide a detailed picture of how past climatic changes have resulted in the present species diversity and this mixture of species have either originated in the region or have dispersed from mainland Southeast Asia. We observe that effective population size has decreased for all the species, but distributions are different for all the four genera: Macaca, Trachypithecus, Hoolock and Nycticebus. It also gives an idea about how each species is affected differently by climate change, and why it should be given emphasis in framing species‐wise conservation models for future climate change.
Grassland bud and shoot demographic responses to single and recurrent droughts vary across an aridity gradient
Authors: Te Niwu , Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. , Slette Ingrid J. , Shi Yuan , Song Lin , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Hongqiang , Qian Jianqiang , Yu Qiang , Wang Zhengwen , Lü Xiaotao , Han Xingguo , Klimešová Jitka , Collins Scott L. , Luo Wentao
Published: February 2025

Clonal demographic traits play important roles in regulating community dynamics. Yet, it remains unclear how the responses of these clonal traits to drought might depend on previous drought exposure, and how drought responses vary among grasslands. We conducted a repeated drought experiment across four grasslands along an aridity gradient in northern China. We assessed the effects of single (precipitation reduction in 2021–2022) versus recurrent (precipitation reduction in 2015–2018 and 2021–2022) drought on bud density, shoot density, and the ratio of bud to shoot density. Drought reduced bud density at all grasslands and shoot density at most grasslands. Drought reduced the ratio of bud‐to‐shoot density only in the most arid grasslands. Recurrent drought had larger negative effects than a single drought on bud density and composition of bud and shoot at only one of four grasslands, and on shoot density at two of four grasslands. Our results suggest that previous drought exposure can alter the response of plant clonal demographic traits to subsequent drought in some but not all grasslands, and that responses can vary with mean climate.
Serum Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Chen Leifei , Gu Nanyuan , Qiu Kai , Chen Hui , Tian Fu , Chen Yang , Zeng Longhuan
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the potential role of vitamin D in the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and evaluates causation using Mendelian randomization (MR). This cross‐sectional study collected clinical information from 3728 respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles of 2005–2010 and 2015–2018. To determine the link between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of IDA, we established a robust nomogram. Calibration and net clinical benefits were examined through calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were utilized to explore the relationship between the two. In addition, the data of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) related to vitamin D and IDA were obtained from open biological databases. The main analytical method for the MR analysis was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate pleiotropy. Our cross‐sectional study showed that, after extensive adjustments, serum vitamin D levels remained an independent risk factor for predicting the development of IDA. The risk of developing IDA was significantly lower for participants in the highest quartile subgroup with vitamin D levels ≥ 78.1 nmol/L compared to those in the lowest quartile with vitamin D levels ≤ 42.8 nmol/L (p < 0.001). In terms of gender, serum vitamin D primarily exhibited a protective effect against IDA in females (OR:0.98, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99, p < 0.001). A non‐linear relationship between the two was found (p < 0.001 for non‐linear relationship). Meanwhile, using the IVW method in MR analysis, we identified a bidirectional causal relationship. The results of our cross‐sectional analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and IDA. Additionally, genetic evidence from the MR analysis supported an association between serum vitamin D levels and IDA.
Comprehensive Assessment of Technological Challenges In Photovoltaic Waste Recovery In India Using Principal Component Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process Models
Authors: Yadav Dinesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Paramasivam Prabhu , Kanti Praveen Kumar , Gupta Rupesh , Yusuf Mohamed
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) technology has raised concerns about sustainable PV waste management, particularly in India, where inadequate infrastructure and technical limitations hinder effective recycling. Addressing these challenges is crucial for minimizing environmental risks and promoting a circular economy in the renewable energy sector. This study presents a smart multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) approach that integrates Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess technological challenges in PV waste management. PCA is applied to prioritize key challenges, while AHP evaluated their interrelationships through criteria weights. Despite the effectiveness of PCA and AHP, their combined application in PV waste recovery remains underexplored, particularly in the Indian context. Eight key challenges are identified, with hazardous recycling methods (83.2%) and low recycling potential (83.4%) ranking highest in PCA. AHP results highlighted the lack of advanced recycling technology (0.2298) and hazardous recycling methods (0.2084) as the most critical barriers. A multi‐criteria utility function is developed to illustrate these interdependencies. This research bridges critical knowledge gaps by offering data‐driven insights into PV waste recovery in India, contributing to sustainable waste management strategies and the development of an efficient recycling framework.
Alternative MYB Promoter Activity Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Head and Neck Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Jäwert Fredrik , Fehr André , Persson Marta , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Stenman Göran , Andersson Mattias K.
Published: February 2025

Background

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive therapy‐resistant head and neck cancer with a high frequency of local recurrences and distant metastases. Activation of the MYB gene, encoding an oncogenic master transcription factor, is the key genomic hallmark of ACC and a potential therapeutic target. Here, we have investigated the clinical significance of alternative MYB promoter (MYB TSS2) activation in primary ACCs.

Methods

MYB TSS2 activity was studied in 28 ACCs using MYB exon‐specific qPCR assays. Overall survival (OS) and risk analyses were done to estimate the outcomes of MYB TSS2 high and low cases, respectively. The genomic and transcriptomic profiles of the ACCs were also analyzed in relation to MYB TSS2 activity.

Results

OS was significantly shorter among patients in the MYB TSS2 high group compared to the MYB TSS2 low group (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis indicated that MYB TSS2 activity was a significant prognostic biomarker for OS (p = 0.03) that was independent of tumor grade and NOTCH1 mutation status. There was markedly higher MYB TSS2 activity in ACCs with 6q deletions compared to those without deletions (p = 0.04). Moreover, MYB TSS2 high tumors had an increased expression of cell cycle genes and known MYB target genes.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that alternative MYB promoter activity is a new potential prognostic biomarker for ACC and further strengthens the relevance of MYB‐targeted therapy. Our findings indicate that MYB TSS2 high primary tumors are more aggressive and have a worse prognosis than MYB TSS2 low tumors.
Targeting the crosstalk between glutamine metabolism and tumor immune microenvironment for lung cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jingyang , Xiang Li , Wang Shaohui , Zhang Yingrui , Zhao Shiyi , Zhang Di , Meng Xianli , Zhang Yi , Lin Jin‐Ming
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers globally, which may be attributed in part to a limited understanding of its development. Therefore, exploration of the fundamental processes of lung cancer and innovative therapies is imminent. Recently, lung cancer immunotherapy has become a crucial topic of interest, and it pertains to the metabolism in lung tumor microenvironment. In particular, glutamine metabolism plays a pivotal role in lung cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the crosstalk between glutamine metabolism and the lung tumor immune microenvironment, and explores potential strategies of glutamine metabolism as an enhancement of lung cancer immunotherapy. It also discusses the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating glutamine metabolism in lung cancer immunotherapy. This review may offer valuable insights and promising directions for future studies on this subject.
Experimental Kinetic Study of the Reactions Between NO3 Radicals and α‐ and β‐Phellandrenes
Authors: Harb Sergio , Cirtog Manuela , Cazaunau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Bergé Antonin , Picquet‐Varrault Bénédicte
Published: February 2025

Nighttime NO3‐initiated oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), such as monoterpenes, plays a crucial role as sources of organic nitrates (ONs) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which are known to have significant impacts on climate, air quality, and human health. Nevertheless, these reactions are still poorly understood. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to provide new kinetic data for two monoterpenes, α‐phellandrene and β‐phellandrene through experiments in simulation chambers. The rate constants have been determined using an absolute kinetic method and found to be (3.9 ± 0.6) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for α‐phellandrene and (6.6 ± 1.0) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for β‐phellandrene. These rate constants have been compared to data from the literature. For α‐phellandrene, previous studies were scattered, and this new determination allows us to confirm the lowest value provided by the other absolute rate determination. For β‐phellandrene, our study provides the first absolute rate determination which is in good agreement with the unique value from the literature obtained by the relative rate technique. Rate constants of α‐ and β‐phellandrene are also compared to those of other monoterpenes having similar chemical structures. These kinetic results show that the oxidation by NO3 is a significant sink of α‐ and β‐phellandrene during nighttime.
Impacts of Land Tenure Security on the Conversion of Agricultural Land to Urban Use
Authors: Movahhed Moghaddam Saghi , Azadi Hossein , Sklenička Petr , Janečková Kristina
Published: February 2025

Land tenure security influences several processes relevant to the long‐term sustainability of farmland management, including agricultural land conversion to urban use (ALCU). This phenomenon has been illustrated by several studies, mainly on the scale of individual countries. However, there is a noticeable lack of global‐scale analyses examining how different aspects of land tenure affect ALCU. To address this gap, we have conducted a meta‐analysis of 62 studies that provide quantitative insights into the effects of land tenure variables on ALCU. We used Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (CMA) software to extract data from original articles, including land tenure type (expressed as land farmed by its owner and land farmed by a tenant), legal status (titled land and untitled land), cadastral assignment (designated and not‐designated agricultural land), and land ownership (private land and communal land). We have found significant effects of all these aspects of land tenure on ALCU. Land farmed by its owner was the most substantial factor protecting agricultural land from urbanization, with a 3.42% decrease in ALCU. We also observed a 2.97% decrease in ALCU on titled land, a 2.62% decrease on designated agricultural land, and a 1.85% decrease on land that was privately owned. The application of findings and implications for policymakers are substantial: (i) efforts to secure land tenure, especially in underinvested areas, can minimize the degradation of land resources and facilitate better farmland preservation, (ii) the support of owner‐operated farming, land titles, private ownership of land, and designated agricultural land is conducive to sustainable farmland management, and (iii) the synergic effect of promoting land tenure security should be utilized to protect agricultural land from conversion to urban uses.
Endoscopic Ultrasound‐Guided Brachytherapy of Yttrium‐90 Implantation Into Pancreas: A Dose‐Escalation Pilot Study
Authors: Zhao Yuchong , Yang Yilei , Zhang Buchuan , Cui Haochen , Liu Luyao , Wang Ronghua , Han Yunfeng , Zhu Dongling , Ma Wenliang , Zhang Xinxing , Wang Jinlin , Xiong Si , Bai Shuya , Zhu Xiaohua , Cheng Bin
Published: February 2025

Intratumoral brachytherapy enables higher dose treatment and reduces damage to adjacent tissues. We first validated the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided Yttrium‐90 (90Y) microspheres implantation in a porcine model. Under EUS guidance, 90Y‐loaded microspheres were implanted into the pancreas of 10 miniature pigs. The first pig was implanted with 10 MBq particles. Subsequently, nine pigs were sequentially included in the low‐ (20 MBq), medium‐ (40 MBq), and high‐dose (60 MBq) groups. Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging was used to check the occurrence of particle displacement postoperatively. After euthanasia, the pancreas and adjacent organs were excised for histological examination and residue radiation detection. The absorbed doses demonstrated safe in the porcine model were further in the xenograft model and KRASLSL/+Trp53FL/FLPtfqaCre/+ mouse model. EUS‐guided implantations of 90Y‐loaded microspheres were successful in all animals. Two pigs had mild serum amylase elevation in the high‐dose group and the abnormal index returned to baseline without interventions. The volume of necrotic lesions ranged from 255.76 to 745.57 mm3. In KPC mouse model, PET/CT imaging demonstrated a significant decrease in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) after 90Y implantation. EUS‐guided 90Y‐loaded carbon microsphere implantation could serve as a safe and feasible technique at ultrahigh dose for pancreatic cancer brachytherapy.
Modeling Immobilized Enzyme Reactions: Nonlinear Kinetics With Fractional‐ and Integer‐Order Analysis
Authors: Rajaraman R.
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the immobilization of enzymes within porous materials of varying geometries, such as spherical and cylindrical pellet‐shaped catalysts. The study focuses on modeling enzyme reactions using reaction–diffusion equations that capture the irreversible Michaelis–Menten kinetics, emphasizing the nonlinear nature of the process. A distinctive feature of this work is the incorporation of fractional derivatives to enhance the understanding of enzymatic reaction kinetics. To achieve this, a novel computational framework utilizing Laguerre wavelets is developed to compute substrate concentrations and effectiveness factors over a broad range of parameter values. The proposed Laguerre wavelet method (LAWM) is rigorously compared against established analytical and numerical approaches, including the Hermite wavelet method (HWM), Taylor series method (TSM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM), and the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method (RKM). The findings reveal a high degree of accuracy and consistency across all methods, underscoring the reliability and efficiency of the LAWM. This study offers new insights into enzyme kinetics within porous catalysts and highlights the potential of fractional‐order models for advancing biocatalytic applications. The outcomes provide a robust theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and performance of immobilized enzyme reactors in industrial and biotechnological settings.
Efficient and Rapid Histomorphometry of Regenerating Peripheral Nerve
Authors: Yau Jenny , Hernández Iván Coto , Minderler Steven , Barrera Keisha , Jowett Nate
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Aims

Peripheral nerve surgery entails repairing or transferring nerves to restore sensory or motor functions. Functional outcomes correlate with axon counts within operated nerves, but there exists no reliable means for intraoperative assessment of injured nerves. Conventional histologic assessment of regenerating peripheral nerve is labor‐intensive, requiring multiday processing for tissue immunohistochemistry. Here, we describe a high‐throughput protocol for histomorphometry of regenerating peripheral nerves.

Methods

Healthy and regenerating murine and human peripheral nerve sections were stained with commercial fluorescent membrane‐specific dyes, one of which (MemBrite) was discovered to internalize within axons. Samples were imaged using confocal microscopy, and regenerating axons were quantified using commercial segmentation software. Quantification results using the novel staining protocol were compared against conventional neurofilament immunohistochemistry. The protocol was employed to guide intraoperative decision‐making in a case of free functional muscle transfer for treating a patient with facial paralysis.

Results

Axon quantification within healthy and regenerating nerve sections in human and murine samples via rapid staining yielded similar results when compared to antineurofilament labeling. The relative difference in axon counts for the healthy murine facial nerve for antineurofilament and MemBrite 594 staining was < 1%. For the regenerating human nerve, the relative difference was 8.7%.

Discussion

A rapid quantification protocol for regenerating axons has been described, which may inform intraoperative decision‐making and advance knowledge in peripheral nerve surgery. Minimizing tissue processing time during surgery would allow surgeons to receive immediate feedback regarding axon counts in the donor nerve for cross‐facial nerve surgeries, ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes for their patients.
Treatment and Decision‐Making Preferences of Adolescents and Young Adults With Advanced Cancer and Their Parents or Trusted Persons: An Adaptive Conjoint Analysis Study
Authors: Snaman Jennifer M. , Feifer Deborah , Helton Gabrielle , Herold Benjamin , Chen Li , Mazzola Emanuele , Rosenberg Abby R. , Baker Justin N. , Wolfe Joanne
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Treatment decision‐making in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) requires preference consideration and tradeoffs. Using MyPref, an adaptive conjoint analysis tool, we examined and compared the decision‐making and treatment preferences of both AYAs and their parent or other trusted person (PTP).

Patients and Methods

AYAs aged 15–30 with advanced cancer independently completed MyPref, including demographic questions, the Control Preference Scale, and the adaptive conjoint analysis survey. AYAs could invite a PTP to participate. Participants received a personalized MyPref Summary Report quantifying their preference for nine treatment attributes. Preference scores were summarized and compared by participant group, AYA age, sex, cancer diagnosis, and distance from the hospital.

Results

We enrolled 50 AYAs, 15 of whom selected a PTP to participate. Most AYAs identified as male (64%), White, non‐Hispanic (84%), and had solid tumors (48%). The majority (80%) of PTPs identified as the AYA's mother. AYAs favored participant‐led decision‐making, while PTPs preferred a shared approach. Treatment attributes with the highest preference scores included time until cancer grows, quality of life, and side effects. Compared to PTPs, AYAs had lower preference scores for quality of life. Older AYAs ( years) placed more emphasis on the time until cancer grows, whereas younger AYAs prioritized clinic visit frequency.

Conclusion

AYAs with advanced cancer exhibit diverse preferences for decision‐making roles and treatment factors. Despite differences, participants valued longer time until cancer progression and quality of life. Future research should explore how preferences of AYAs and their PTPs change over time and optimal strategies for initiating preference discussions earlier in the illness course.
Impact of basalt powder on the rheological, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of natural and polychloroprene rubber composites: A study on aging and filler interaction
Authors: Yildiz Enes , Degirmenci Talha , Esen Melih , Goksuzoglu Mert , Kuru Gozde , Eskizeybek Volkan , Sukur Emine Feyza
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of basalt powder (BP) as a filler in natural rubber (NR) and synthetic polychloroprene rubber (CR) composites, focusing on their structural, mechanical, and thermal properties before and after aging. The NR/BP and CR/BP composites were prepared with varying basalt content levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 50, and 100 parts per hundred rubber (phr) and characterized accordingly. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and abrasion resistance were evaluated, alongside thermal properties, using thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that increasing the basalt content reduced dispersion quality and weakened the filler and matrix interaction, decreasing tensile strength and Young's modulus. The reduction in tensile strength is substantial, with a decrease of 71.7% in NR/BP composites and 64.1% in CR/BP composites at maximum additive ratios. Aging significantly improved the tensile strength and modulus of the materials, which are attributed to an increased crosslink density and the transformation of polysulfide bonds into disulfide bonds. Shore A hardness increased with basalt content, reaching 60.3 for NR/BP and 74.1 for CR/BP at 100 phr, while abrasion resistance decreased, with abrasion loss rising by 130% and 88% for NR/BP and CR/BP composites, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed increased surface roughness and filler aggregation at higher basalt contents, contributing to reduced mechanical performance. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirmed the presence and dispersion of basalt powder within the composites.

Highlights

Basalt powder was evaluated as a filler in natural and synthetic rubber composites.

Increasing basalt content reduced mechanical performance due to filler aggregation.

Aging enhances tensile strength and modulus, possibly due to increased crosslink density.

Abrasion resistance significantly worsened with increased basalt loading.

Basalt powder serves the function of a filler rather than that of reinforcement in rubber.
Motivation and Pleasure Domain Links to Social Function in College Students: A Network Analysis
Authors: Hu Hui‐xin , Wang Ling‐ling , Zhang Yi‐Jing , Yang Han‐xue , Wang Yun‐ru , Wang Yi , Lui Simon S. Y. , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: February 2025

Evidence suggests that the motivation and pleasure deficit of negative symptoms determines the social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Alexithymia is defined as the diminished ability to identify and describe emotion feelings, and influences patients' social functioning. However, little is known regarding the relationship between motivation and pleasure, alexithymia, and social functioning in nonclinical populations. This network analysis study aimed to investigate the interactions between motivation and pleasure, alexithymia and social functioning in a sample of 2889 college students. The flow network and item‐level regularized partial correlation network were constructed. Centrality estimation and relative importance metrics were also estimated. The network structures between subgroups with high and low social anhedonia were compared. Our resultant networks showed that the motivation factor was closely connected with social functioning. The relative importance analysis found that, among other nodes, the motivation factor accounted for the highest proportion of variance of social functioning in the nonclinical sample. Although the two subgroups with high and low social anhedonia differed significantly in network structures, they generally shared a similar edge structure. The two subgroups only exhibited significant difference in the connection between the social pleasure factor and recreation/work pleasure factor of the motivation and pleasure. Our findings supported the important role of the motivation factor in determining social functioning in nonclinical population.
Self‐reported sleep disturbances and its determinants in people 1 year or more after stroke: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nilsson Hanna M. , Kähler Maria , Rosengren Lina , Jacobsson Lars , Lexell Jan
Published: February 2025

Background

Survivors of stroke commonly report sleep disturbances. Studies of sleep disturbances after stroke are mostly performed in the acute phase. An increased knowledge of sleep disturbances and its determinants a longer time after stroke is needed to improve treatment and rehabilitation.

Objective

To assess survivors of stroke more than 1 year after stroke onset and (1) investigate self‐reported sleep disturbances and (2) explore the association between self‐reported sleep disturbances, gender, age, time since stroke, other stroke characteristics, and sociodemographic data.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

Community setting.

Participants

Participants (n = 160) in the Life After Stroke In Northern Sweden Study (LASINS) (46% women, mean age 73 years, mean time since stroke 35 months).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measurements

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), stroke characteristics (time since stroke, first time stroke, type of stroke, location of stroke, stroke treatment and comorbidities) and sociodemographic data (gender, age, marital status, vocational situation, need for home help, and use of mobility devices).

Results

A total of 84 participants (53%) rated 6 points or more on the PSQI (mean 6.5 points, SD: ±4.2, min‐max 0–18), indicating sleep disturbances. Gender (p = .002) and use of mobility devices (p = .036) explained 9.5% of the variance in PSQI.

Conclusion

Survivors of stroke report sleep disturbances even several years after stroke onset. Women and those using mobility devices, indicating less recovery after stroke, report sleep disturbances to a higher degree, regardless of chronological age, time since stroke onset, other stroke characteristics, comorbidities, and sociodemographic data. Further studies with a longitudinal design are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of how stroke‐related factors and other reasons account for poststroke sleep disturbances in order to improve treatment and rehabilitation.
Docking guidance with experimental ligand structural density improves docking pose prediction and virtual screening performance
Authors: Hansel‐Harris Althea T. , Tillack Andreas F. , Santos‐Martins Diogo , Holcomb Matthew , Forli Stefano
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in structural biology have led to the publication of a wealth of high‐resolution x‐ray crystallography (XRC) and cryo‐EM macromolecule structures, including many complexes with small molecules of interest for drug design. While it is common to incorporate information from the atomic coordinates of these complexes into docking (e.g., pharmacophore models or scaffold hopping), there are limited methods to directly leverage the underlying density information. This is desirable because it does not rely on the determination of relevant coordinates, which may require expert intervention, but instead interprets all density as indicative of regions to which a ligand may be bound. To do so, we have developed CryoXKit, a tool to incorporate experimental densities from either cryo‐EM or XRC as a biasing potential on heavy atoms during docking. Using this structural density guidance with AutoDock‐GPU, we found significant improvements in re‐docking and cross‐docking, important pose prediction tasks, compared with the unmodified AutoDock4 force field. Failures in cross‐docking tasks are additionally reflective of changes in the positioning of pharmacophores in the site, suggesting it is a fundamental limitation of transferring information between complexes. We additionally found, against a set of targets selected from the LIT‐PCBA dataset, that rescoring of these improved poses leads to better discriminatory power in virtual screenings for selected targets. Overall, CryoXKit provides a user‐friendly method for improving docking performance with experimental data while requiring no a priori pharmacophore definition and at virtually no computational expense. Map‐modification code available at: https://github.com/forlilab/CryoXKit.
Translation, Cross‐Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the Turkish Version of the “Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)” in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Tilki Burak , Hurmuz Pervin , Yuce Deniz , Ozyigit Gokhan , Akyol Fadil
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) is a symptom scale that measures health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This scale is translated into different languages and used in daily practice. This study aimed to translate the EPIC scale into Turkish and provide Turkish validation by conducting validity and reliability analyses.

Methods

Patients with biopsy‐proven PCa who received definitive or postoperative radiotherapy (RT) at our department were included. All participants were evaluated using the Turkish EPIC, The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ) C30, and EORTC‐QLQ PR25 questionnaires at five different time points. First, the original English version of the EPIC was translated into Turkish, and then, two reliability and five validity analyses were performed.

Results

One hundred‐five patients were included in the study. In the reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha values of the whole scale were measured at 0.866, and the main scales' Cronbach's alpha values were measured between 0.654 and 0.969. In the test‐retest analysis, the correlation values of the main scales were measured between 0.413 and 0.861. The pilot study with 20 patients was completed, thus providing face validity. Sensitivity to change analysis, interscale correlation, criterion validity, and explanatory factor analyses were performed, and results proving the scale's validity were obtained in all analyses.

Conclusion

The Turkish EPIC scale is applicable for patients in the Turkish population diagnosed with PCa who received either definitive or postoperative RT.
An Experimental Study of Elasticity in Polycrystalline Iron
Authors: Hutchinson Bevis , Malmström Mikael , Jansson Anton , Lönnqvist Johan
Published: February 2025

The velocity of longitudinal elastic waves is measured between room temperatures and 880 °C in polycrystalline iron and compared with predictions of several theoretical models utilizing single‐crystal elastic constants from the literature. Wave velocities are measured from successive reflected peaks in laser‐ultrasonic signals with very high precision and accuracy. Iron is chosen as the test material because its inherent crystal anisotropy varies widely over this temperature range. Great care is taken in processing the material to ensure a suitable microstructure and random texture. Wave velocity varies considerably with temperature in a nonlinear manner. The consistently best fit for the experimental data is found for the Hill model with arithmetic averaging of the Voigt and Reuss bounds of the shear modulus. Kröner's self‐consistent model predicts values very close to the Hill arithmetic average though slightly more deviant from the measured values.
Quantitative Study on UAV Operational Risk Based on Specific Operation Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhou Wenjie , Ma Xin
Published: February 2025

The Specific Operation Risk Assessment (SORA), developed by the Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems (JARUS), is a core methodology in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) safety management. While the traditional SORA model plays a critical role in UAV operational risk assessment, its evaluation processes for ground and air risks rely on discrete qualitative risk factors, leading to limitations in applicability and real‐time responsiveness. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes an improved quantitative assessment method for ground and air risks, significantly enhancing the precision and adaptability of risk evaluation. The proposed approach employs a collision risk assessment algorithm based on dynamic path prediction and perturbation analysis to accurately estimate UAV‐to‐UAV collision probabilities. Additionally, the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm is introduced to model the mixture Gaussian distribution of bird flocks, enabling a more accurate evaluation of UAV‐to‐bird collision risks. Gradient descent is utilized to optimize UAV flight paths, testing the algorithm's performance in assessing corrective measures. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved quantitative assessment method for ground and air risks not only captures subtle changes in dynamic risk environments but also significantly enhances the real‐time performance and accuracy of risk evaluations. Compared to the traditional SORA model, the proposed quantitative method exhibits higher sensitivity and reliability in risk assessment and validation of corrective measures.
H2/H∞$$ {H}_2/{H}_{\infty } $$ Control of AETSCP‐Based IT‐2 Fuzzy Networked Control Systems Under Stealthy Dos Attacks and Actuator Faults
Authors: Zhu Yunjiao , Tang Xiaoming , Wang Jun , Zhai Shidong , Yuan Jingjie , She Minghong
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the dynamic output feedback control of interval type‐2 (IT‐2) fuzzy systems suffering from stealthy denial of service (DoS) attacks under the adaptive event‐triggered stochastic communication protocol (AETSCP). Considering the advantages of the AET mechanism and the SCP, a new AETSCP is proposed, whose trigger parameters can be dynamically adjusted based on the changing trend of the system state and the stealthy DoS attack probability. The signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio (SINR)‐based DoS attacker continuously senses the channel and utilizes the trigger characteristics of the AET mechanism to cleverly launch the attack to ensure its stealthiness. A dynamic quantizer is employed to quantize the measured output, and a time‐varying fault matrix is adopted to represent actuator faults. By applying the mode‐dependent Lyapunov function, the sufficient condition to ensure the stability of the considered networked control system (NCS) is derived, and the dynamic output feedback controller satisfying the performance is designed. Lastly, a simulation example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Carica Papaya Leaf Extract and Its Anticancer Activities through Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics in Breast Cancer
Authors: Mukherjee Rimi , Talukdar Debojit , Mukherjee Poulami , Guha Subhabrata , Mandal Gautam Kumar , Mitra Debarpan , Naskar Rahul , Mandal Sanmitra , Alam Neyaz , Sahu Sumanta Kumar , Majumder Biswanath , Das Gaurav , Murmu Nabendu
Published: February 2025

Carica papaya (CP) is an herbaceous succulent plant extensively used in Asian folk medicine. CP leaves were utilized in the study for rapid eco‐friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (CP‐AgNP). The CP‐AgNP obtained was spherical (scanning electron microscope images) with a size of 26.5 ± 3.45 nm as evident from transmission electron microscope images with a Zeta Potential of −50 mV. TNBC cell line MDA‐MB 231 was treated with various doses of CP and CP‐AgNP to determine the IC50 values of 2.4 mg/mL and 15.13 µg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis disclosed a G2/M arrest upon administration of the treatments. The tubulin depolymerization potential of the treatments affirmed perturbation of tubulin polymerization instigated the apoptosis by ROS induction. Further testing of the treatments in an in vivo and patient‐derived ex vivo culture platform elicited tumor growth reduction. The current study identified a few probable tubulin‐disrupting candidates in our crude CP extract through molecular docking. Some of the major challenges of the cancer drug delivery addressed by our nanoformulation are increased stability, higher levels of biocompatibility, and reduced toxicity. Our data supports that modifications coupled with targeted delivery of CP‐AgNP can act as a novel anticancer therapeutic.
Noncollinear Magnetism in Fe3O4 Induced via Site‐Selective Rare‐Earth Substitution Boosting Its Saturation Magnetization
Authors: Li Haining , Kobayashi Masaki , Kou Sonju , Sarker Md Shamim , Ahamed E M K Ikball , Yamagami Kohei , Fukushima Tetsuya , Ma Kaijie , Ma Shuting , Takeda Takahito , Okano Ryo , Assadi M. Hussein N. , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Katayama‐Yoshida Hiroshi , Tabata Hitoshi , Seki Munetoshi
Published: February 2025

Substituting rare‐earth Eu ions with a large atomic number into 3d transition metal oxides can precisely control their magnetic properties through significant spin‐orbit coupling, leading to noncollinear magnetism. Experimental investigations are combined with density functional theory to explore site‐selective Eu3+ substitution as a strategy to enhance the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 thin films. The substitution location of Eu3+, that is, octahedral versus tetrahedral, is confirmed by electrical resistivities and valence band photoemission measurements. Tetrahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe3O4 exhibited an exceptionally enhanced saturation magnetization MS of up to 4.4 μB/f.u. because of noncollinearity, whereas octahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe3O4 showed significantly reduced MS. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements clearly revealed that in the tetrahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe3O4, the Eu3+ magnetic moment positively contributed to the orbital magnetic moment that exhibited strong magnetic anisotropy. The deviation of the observed MS from the lower value predicted by Néel's theory of collinear ferrimagnetism further supported the role of noncollinearity. These results provide empirical evidence for the spin configuration of tetrahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe3O4 and a new perspective for designing practical ferrimagnetic 4f compounds with exceptional MS.
Halide‐Directed Ligand Engineering Enables Expedient, Controlled and Divergent Syntheses of Diphosphine‐Protected Au Nanoclusters
Authors: Li Ying‐Zhou , Liu Zhi‐Shuai , Liu Wen‐Yan , Yuan Zhi‐Rui , Yang Peng‐Fei , Xu Jing , Hao Fei , Wang Jin‐Gui , Wang Nian‐Xing , Azam Mohammad , Sun Di
Published: February 2025

Despite substantial progress in ligand engineering, the efforts in the field of Au nanoclusters have been concentrated almost exclusively on organic ligands. Halides, the most typical auxiliary inorganic ligands widely present in Au clusters, remain virtually unexplored, particularly regarding their effects on cluster construction. Herein, diphosphine Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (Ln, n = 1–6) is chosen as the co‐protecting organic ligands and a comparative analysis on the influential roles of halide ions (Cl−, Br−, I−) in guiding Au cluster synthesis is conducted. A simple yet efficient halide‐directed synthetic approach has been developed and a series of Au nanoclusters, including the known [Au18(L1)6Br4]2+, [Au13(L2)5Cl2]3+ and [Au8(L3)4Cl2]2+ that however crystallized in new polymorphic forms, as well as the new reduction‐active [Au18(L1)6Cl4]2+, luminescence‐enhanced [Au14(L3)5Br4]2+ and core‐isomeric [Au11(Ln)4X2]+ (n = 4–6; X = Cl, Br, I), are obtained in a more expedient and controllable manner. This work clearly demonstrates the non‐negligible roles of halide ions in directing cluster synthesis, and provides an easier access to diverse diphosphine‐protected Au nanoclusters. This approach, promising in gram‐scale synthesis, is expected to further extend the ligand scope and holds promise for advancing the diversified syntheses of a broader range of ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters.
Moral Judgments Around Experiences of Health Risks
Authors: Burton-Jeangros Claudine
Published: February 2025

In dealing with risk, institutions and individuals elaborate different forms of social control. The distinction between proper and inadequate attitudes and actions toward risks generates moral judgments. Some individuals or groups are typically blamed for not acting according to the dominant definitions of risk. These social mechanisms reproduce or make explicit the power relationships between different categories entitled to define appropriate ways to deal with danger. Such blaming mechanisms are particularly common when new threats emerge, such as infectious diseases but also during times of social change, since they unsettle the established social order. Prevention campaigns providing information on different health risks contribute to setting boundaries between others who are dangerous—because they are infected or because they smoke, for example—and the virtuous self. Efforts to control risks thus generate stigmatization and discrimination. Considering that risk surveillance introduces suspicion in social relationships, this chapter shows how interpretations of risk and uncertainty exacerbate preexisting social and cultural divisions when making sense of emerging threats.
Recognition and Calculation of Fish Rafts in Mariculture on the Basis of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Weibo , Zhang Li , Zhong Yaozhao , Lin Peitu , Zhang Feng
Published: February 2025

Mariculture is crucial for grain security and sustainable development, but identifying and counting for the different types of mariculture remains a challenge. In this research, the data of satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and shore-based camera is adopted to collect high-definition pictures, and the deep learning algorithm is adopted to detect and position the marine aquaculture areas. Then the classification model of convolutional neural network is adopted to identify the aquaculture species, and the OpenCV model is adopted to assess the area of aquaculture area. The approach obviously improves the efficiency and accuracy of marine aquaculture type identification and area assessment, reduces the subjectivity and error rate of manual statistics, has higher robustness and applicability, can further optimize the algorithm in the future, and is expanded to be applied to the scope on ocean environment monitoring, fishery management and the like.
Optimization of Real-Time Power Grid Measurement Data Scheduling Based on Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Fang Bin , Zhu Shi , Zhu Hongyu , Zhang Ziqian , Tao Ye , Sheng Yubin
Published: February 2025

An increasing demand of real-time monitoring and data analysis for the power grid, is facing challenges from the processing rate of massive real-time measurement data such as voltage, current and power from billions of sensors. To guarantee process rate, many measurement data scheduling method had been studied, while the problem for the balance of realtime requirement and load balance has not been solved well, which leads to uneven load distribution and data congestion. Thus, this paper proposed a measurement data scheduling method based on genetic algorithm. The proposed method considers the characteristics of historical measurement data, task allocation matrix, and creates an adaptive parameter iterative solution based on using genetic algorithm. The results show that the proposed method can achieve appreciate load balance with time latency guarantee.