bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European Union Databases User Group (EUDUG)
Authors: Rocha Frederico , Swift Hester
Published: May 2023

The European Union Databases User Group (EUDUG) is a group of information professionals, and others, who have an interest in European Union information resources and matters. Here Frederico Rocha (manager of the European Documentation Centre at Cardiff University and chair of EUDUG) and Hester Swift (Foreign and International Law Librarian, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Library and EUDUG secretary) explain the aims of the group, while illustrating the wide and varied range of speakers and organisations that have played a part in its meetings. They also describe how the group has continued to be relevant in this post-Brexit world, while outlining its plans for the future.
The BIALL Sustainability Working Group
Authors: Baird Christine
Published: May 2023

The BIALL Sustainability Working Group is now up and running, having received formal approval from the BIALL Council. Here Christine Baird, Information Services Officer at Pinsent Masons LLP and a member of the new group, explains how it aims to ensure that sustainability is at the heart of BIALL's agenda, both now and going into the future.
Integrating weed-suppressive cultivar and cover crops for weed management in organic sweetpotato production
Authors: Werle Isabel S. , Noguera Matheus M. , Karaikal Srikanth K. , Carvalho-Moore Pamela , Badou-Jeremie Kouame Koffi , de Lima Gustavo Henrique Bessa , Roberts Trenton L. , Roma-Burgos Nilda
Published: May 2023

Field studies were conducted in 2021 in Kibler and Augusta, AR, to determine the effect of winter cover crops and cultivar selection on weed suppression and sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] yield. The split-split-plot studies evaluated three cover crops [cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) + crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)], [winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) + crimson clover], and fallow; weeding (with or without); and four sweetpotato cultivars (‘Heartogold’, ‘Bayou-Belle-6’, ‘Beauregard-14’, and ‘Orleans’). Heartogold had the tallest canopy, while Beauregard-14 and Bayou Belle-6 had the longest vines at 5 and 8 wk after sweetpotato transplanting. Sweetpotato canopy was about 20% taller in weedy plots compared with the hand-weeded treatment, and vines were shorter under weed interference. Canopy height and vine length of sweetpotato cultivars were not related to weed biomass suppression. However, vine length was positively correlated to all yield grades (r > 0.5). Weed biomass decreased 1-fold in plots with cover crops compared with bare soil at Augusta. Cover crop biomass was positively correlated with jumbo (r = 0.29), no. 1 (r = 0.33), and total sweetpotato yield (r = 0.34). Jumbo yield was affected the most by weed pressure. On average, sweetpotato total yield was reduced by 80% and 60% with weed interference in Augusta and Kibler, respectively. Bayou Belle-6 was the high-yielding cultivar without weed interference in both locations. Bayou Belle-6 and Heartogold were less affected by weed interference than Beauregard-14 and Orleans.
Surface‐Atmosphere Decoupling Prolongs Cloud Lifetime Under Warm Advection Due To Reduced Entrainment Drying
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Zheng Youtong , Lee Seoung Soo , Li Zhanqing
Published: May 2023

An initially well‐mixed stratocumulus deck can remain overcast for several tens of hours under warm‐advection conditions, although moisture supply is cut off from the ocean due to surface‐atmosphere decoupling (stabilization of the surface‐atmosphere interface). In this study, a set of idealized large‐eddy simulations were performed to investigate the physical mechanism of how warm‐air advection impacts the evolution of a pre‐existing stratocumulus deck. To mimic warm‐air advection, we decrease the sea surface temperature linearly over time in a doubly periodic domain. Given the same initial conditions, the stratocumulus deck is more persistent when experiencing warm‐air advection than cold‐air advection. This persistence is caused by reduced cloud‐top entrainment drying due to decoupling, a process more influential than the decoupling‐induced cutoff of moisture supply. This mechanism is more notable when the free troposphere becomes more humid. The relevance of the mechanism to previous observations of less low‐level cloudiness under warm‐advection conditions is discussed.
Energy‐Dispersive Field‐Aligned Warm Ion Enhancement in the Plasma Sheet During a Substorm Growth Phase: A THEMIS Event
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Wang Xueyi , Lin Yu , Wing Simon , Hairston Marc
Published: May 2023

We present an event of field‐aligned warm (10–1,000 eV) ion enhancement with an energy‐dispersion signature with increasing energy that has never been reported before and propose that such dispersion was a result of outflow ions being gradually accelerated by intensifying upward field‐aligned potential. The energy‐dispersive enhancement with increasing energy from ∼20 eV up to several hundreds of eV in ∼10 min was observed in the plasma sheet around 01 hr magnetic local time by two spacecraft at r ∼ 7 and 9 RE, respectively, with the spacecraft at larger r observing the dispersion ∼20 min earlier than the other. This event occurred during the growth phase of a small non‐storm time substorm. Observations in the ionosphere and ground in the vicinity of the spacecraft's footprint indicate that the magnetospheric convection and field‐aligned currents (FACs) were enhanced and there was an indication of upward field‐aligned potential associated with FACs. We propose that enhanced Poynting flux associated with enhanced convection first drove ∼20 eV outflow ions to the plasma sheet to cause the initial enhancement, then the increasing intensities of FACs and the associated upward field‐aligned potential gradually increased the energy of the outflow ions to above 100 eV, thus resulting in the observed energy‐dispersive enhancement with increasing energy. In addition, the earthward penetration of FACs may explain why the enhancements were observed at larger r earlier.
Taking the Pulse of Global Change with World Heritage Data Sets
Authors: Rosi Emma , Bernhardt Emily , Creed Irena , Likens Gene , McDowell William
Published: May 2023

Applying World Heritage status to highly valuable environmental records would spotlight the vital insights they provide into how Earth is changing and would ensure their longevity and accessibility.
Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message From the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2022
Authors: Florindo Fabio , Acocella Valerio , Bingham Robert , Carlton Ann Marie , D’Odorico Paolo , Duan Qingyun , Gettelman Andrew , Halekas Jasper S. , Harris Ruth , Mollenhauer Gesine , Robock Alan , Stirling Claudine , Yokoyama Yusuke
Published: May 2023

Plain Language Summary

On behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union, and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2022.
Climate-controlled submarine landslides on the Antarctic continental margin
Authors: Gales Jenny A. , McKay Robert M. , De Santis Laura , Rebesco Michele , Laberg Jan Sverre , Shevenell Amelia E , Harwood David , Leckie R. Mark , Kulhanek Denise K. , King Maxine , Patterson Molly , Lucchi Renata G. , Kim Sookwan , Kim Sunghan , Dodd Justin , Seidenstein Julia , Prunella Catherine , Ferrante Giulia M. ,   IODP Expedition 374 Scientists, Ash Jeanine , Beny François , Browne Imogen M. , Cortese Giuseppe , De Santis Laura , Dodd Justin P. , Esper Oliver M. , Gales Jenny A. , Harwood David M. , Ishino Saki , Keisling Benjamin A. , Kim Sookwan , Kim Sunghan , Kulhanek Denise K. , Laberg Jan Sverre , Leckie R. Mark , McKay Robert M. , Müller Juliane , Patterson Molly O. , Romans Brian W. , Romero Oscar E. , Sangiorgi Francesca , Seki Osamu , Shevenell Amelia E. , Singh Shiv M. , Cordeiro de Sousa Isabela M. , Sugisaki Saiko T. , van de Flierdt Tina , van Peer Tim E. , Xiao Whenshen , Xiong Zhifang
Published: May 2023

Antarctica’s continental margins pose an unknown submarine landslide-generated tsunami risk to Southern Hemisphere populations and infrastructure. Understanding the factors driving slope failure is essential to assessing future geohazards. Here, we present a multidisciplinary study of a major submarine landslide complex along the eastern Ross Sea continental slope (Antarctica) that identifies preconditioning factors and failure mechanisms. Weak layers, identified beneath three submarine landslides, consist of distinct packages of interbedded Miocene- to Pliocene-age diatom oozes and glaciomarine diamicts. The observed lithological differences, which arise from glacial to interglacial variations in biological productivity, ice proximity, and ocean circulation, caused changes in sediment deposition that inherently preconditioned slope failure. These recurrent Antarctic submarine landslides were likely triggered by seismicity associated with glacioisostatic readjustment, leading to failure within the preconditioned weak layers. Ongoing climate warming and ice retreat may increase regional glacioisostatic seismicity, triggering Antarctic submarine landslides.
Demonstrating multi-round subsystem quantum error correction using matching and maximum likelihood decoders
Authors: Sundaresan Neereja , Yoder Theodore J. , Kim Youngseok , Li Muyuan , Chen Edward H. , Harper Grace , Thorbeck Ted , Cross Andrew W. , Córcoles Antonio D. , Takita Maika
Published: May 2023

Quantum error correction offers a promising path for performing high fidelity quantum computations. Although fully fault-tolerant executions of algorithms remain unrealized, recent improvements in control electronics and quantum hardware enable increasingly advanced demonstrations of the necessary operations for error correction. Here, we perform quantum error correction on superconducting qubits connected in a heavy-hexagon lattice. We encode a logical qubit with distance three and perform several rounds of fault-tolerant syndrome measurements that allow for the correction of any single fault in the circuitry. Using real-time feedback, we reset syndrome and flag qubits conditionally after each syndrome extraction cycle. We report decoder dependent logical error, with average logical error per syndrome measurement in Z(X)-basis of ~0.040 (~0.088) and ~0.037 (~0.087) for matching and maximum likelihood decoders, respectively, on leakage post-selected data.
Mechanism of glycoform specificity and in vivo protection by an anti-afucosylated IgG nanobody
Authors: Gupta Aaron , Kao Kevin S. , Yamin Rachel , Oren Deena A. , Goldgur Yehuda , Du Jonathan , Lollar Pete , Sundberg Eric J. , Ravetch Jeffrey V.
Published: May 2023

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies contain a complex N-glycan embedded in the hydrophobic pocket between its heavy chain protomers. This glycan contributes to the structural organization of the Fc domain and determines its specificity for Fcγ receptors, thereby dictating distinct cellular responses. The variable construction of this glycan structure leads to highly-related, but non-equivalent glycoproteins known as glycoforms. We previously reported synthetic nanobodies that distinguish IgG glycoforms. Here, we present the structure of one such nanobody, X0, in complex with the Fc fragment of afucosylated IgG1. Upon binding, the elongated CDR3 loop of X0 undergoes a conformational shift to access the buried N-glycan and acts as a ‘glycan sensor’, forming hydrogen bonds with the afucosylated IgG N-glycan that would otherwise be sterically hindered by the presence of a core fucose residue. Based on this structure, we designed X0 fusion constructs that disrupt pathogenic afucosylated IgG1-FcγRIIIa interactions and rescue mice in a model of dengue virus infection.
Autophagy receptor NDP52 alters DNA conformation to modulate RNA polymerase II transcription
Authors: dos Santos Ália , Rollins Daniel E. , Hari-Gupta Yukti , McArthur Hannah , Du Mingxue , Ru Sabrina Yong Zi , Pidlisna Kseniia , Stranger Ane , Lorgat Faeeza , Lambert Danielle , Brown Ian , Howland Kevin , Aaron Jesse , Wang Lin , Ellis Peter J. I. , Chew Teng-Leong , Martin-Fernandez Marisa , Pyne Alice L. B. , Toseland Christopher P.
Published: May 2023

NDP52 is an autophagy receptor involved in the recognition and degradation of invading pathogens and damaged organelles. Although NDP52 was first identified in the nucleus and is expressed throughout the cell, to date, there is no clear nuclear functions for NDP52. Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach to characterise the biochemical properties and nuclear roles of NDP52. We find that NDP52 clusters with RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) at transcription initiation sites and that its overexpression promotes the formation of additional transcriptional clusters. We also show that depletion of NDP52 impacts overall gene expression levels in two model mammalian cells, and that transcription inhibition affects the spatial organisation and molecular dynamics of NDP52 in the nucleus. This directly links NDP52 to a role in RNAPII-dependent transcription. Furthermore, we also show that NDP52 binds specifically and with high affinity to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and that this interaction leads to changes in DNA structure in vitro. This, together with our proteomics data indicating enrichment for interactions with nucleosome remodelling proteins and DNA structure regulators, suggests a possible function for NDP52 in chromatin regulation. Overall, here we uncover nuclear roles for NDP52 in gene expression and DNA structure regulation.
Assortative mixing in micro-architecturally annotated brain connectomes
Authors: Bazinet Vincent , Hansen Justine Y. , Vos de Wael Reinder , Bernhardt Boris C. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Misic Bratislav
Published: May 2023

The wiring of the brain connects micro-architecturally diverse neuronal populations, but the conventional graph model, which encodes macroscale brain connectivity as a network of nodes and edges, abstracts away the rich biological detail of each regional node. Here, we annotate connectomes with multiple biological attributes and formally study assortative mixing in annotated connectomes. Namely, we quantify the tendency for regions to be connected based on the similarity of their micro-architectural attributes. We perform all experiments using four cortico-cortical connectome datasets from three different species, and consider a range of molecular, cellular, and laminar annotations. We show that mixing between micro-architecturally diverse neuronal populations is supported by long-distance connections and find that the arrangement of connections with respect to biological annotations is associated to patterns of regional functional specialization. By bridging scales of cortical organization, from microscale attributes to macroscale connectivity, this work lays the foundation for next-generation annotated connectomics.
Association of gout with brain reserve and vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Topiwala Anya , Mankia Kulveer , Bell Steven , Webb Alastair , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Howard Isobel , Wang Chaoyue , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Miller Karla , Burgess Stephen , Smith Stephen , Nichols Thomas E.
Published: May 2023

Studies of neurodegenerative disease risk in gout are contradictory. Relationships with neuroimaging markers of brain structure, which may offer insights, are uncertain. Here we investigated associations between gout, brain structure, and neurodegenerative disease incidence. Gout patients had smaller global and regional brain volumes and markers of higher brain iron, using both observational and genetic approaches. Participants with gout also had higher incidence of all-cause dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and probable essential tremor. Risks were strongly time dependent, whereby associations with incident dementia were highest in the first 3 years after gout diagnosis. These findings suggest gout is causally related to several measures of brain structure. Lower brain reserve amongst gout patients may explain their higher vulnerability to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Motor and cognitive impairments may affect gout patients, particularly in early years after diagnosis.
The Cell Tracking Challenge: 10 years of objective benchmarking
Authors: Maška Martin , Ulman Vladimír , Delgado-Rodriguez Pablo , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Nečasová Tereza , Guerrero Peña Fidel A. , Ren Tsang Ing , Meyerowitz Elliot M. , Scherr Tim , Löffler Katharina , Mikut Ralf , Guo Tianqi , Wang Yin , Allebach Jan P. , Bao Rina , Al-Shakarji Noor M. , Rahmon Gani , Toubal Imad Eddine , Palaniappan Kannappan , Lux Filip , Matula Petr , Sugawara Ko , Magnusson Klas E. G. , Aho Layton , Cohen Andrew R. , Arbelle Assaf , Ben-Haim Tal , Raviv Tammy Riklin , Isensee Fabian , Jäger Paul F. , Maier-Hein Klaus H. , Zhu Yanming , Ederra Cristina , Urbiola Ainhoa , Meijering Erik , Cunha Alexandre , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Kozubek Michal , Ortiz-de-Solórzano Carlos
Published: May 2023

The Cell Tracking Challenge is an ongoing benchmarking initiative that has become a reference in cell segmentation and tracking algorithm development. Here, we present a significant number of improvements introduced in the challenge since our 2017 report. These include the creation of a new segmentation-only benchmark, the enrichment of the dataset repository with new datasets that increase its diversity and complexity, and the creation of a silver standard reference corpus based on the most competitive results, which will be of particular interest for data-hungry deep learning-based strategies. Furthermore, we present the up-to-date cell segmentation and tracking leaderboards, an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the performance of the state-of-the-art methods and the properties of the datasets and annotations, and two novel, insightful studies about the generalizability and the reusability of top-performing methods. These studies provide critical practical conclusions for both developers and users of traditional and machine learning-based cell segmentation and tracking algorithms.
RNA stability controlled by m6A methylation contributes to X-to-autosome dosage compensation in mammals
Authors: Rücklé Cornelia , Körtel Nadine , Basilicata M. Felicia , Busch Anke , Zhou You , Hoch-Kraft Peter , Tretow Kerstin , Kielisch Fridolin , Bertin Marco , Pradhan Mihika , Musheev Michael , Schweiger Susann , Niehrs Christof , Rausch Oliver , Zarnack Kathi , Keller Valsecchi Claudia Isabelle , König Julian
Published: May 2023

In mammals, X-chromosomal genes are expressed from a single copy since males (XY) possess a single X chromosome, while females (XX) undergo X inactivation. To compensate for this reduction in dosage compared with two active copies of autosomes, it has been proposed that genes from the active X chromosome exhibit dosage compensation. However, the existence and mechanisms of X-to-autosome dosage compensation are still under debate. Here we show that X-chromosomal transcripts have fewer m6A modifications and are more stable than their autosomal counterparts. Acute depletion of m6A selectively stabilizes autosomal transcripts, resulting in perturbed dosage compensation in mouse embryonic stem cells. We propose that higher stability of X-chromosomal transcripts is directed by lower levels of m6A, indicating that mammalian dosage compensation is partly regulated by epitranscriptomic RNA modifications.
Swept-source multimode fiber imaging
Authors: Lochocki Benjamin , Ivanina Aleksandra , Bandhoe Akje , de Boer Johannes F. , Amitonova Lyubov V.
Published: May 2023

High-resolution compressive imaging via a flexible multimode fiber is demonstrated using a swept-laser source and wavelength dependent speckle illumination. An in-house built swept-source allowing for independent control of bandwidth and scanning range is used to explore and demonstrate a mechanically scan-free approach for high-resolution imaging through an ultrathin and flexible fiber probe. The computational image reconstruction is shown by utilizing a narrow sweeping bandwidth of $$< 10$$

<
10

 nm while acquisition time is decreased by 95% compared to conventional raster scanning endoscopy. Demonstrated narrow-band illumination in the visible spectrum is vital for the detection of fluorescence biomarkers in neuroimaging applications. The proposed approach yields device simplicity and flexibility for minimally invasive endoscopy.
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on functional brain networks and machine learning
Authors: Alves Caroline L. , Toutain Thaise G. L. de O. , de Carvalho Aguiar Patricia , Pineda Aruane M. , Roster Kirstin , Thielemann Christiane , Porto Joel Augusto Moura , Rodrigues Francisco A.
Published: May 2023

Autism is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition whose accurate diagnosis may be challenging because the associated symptoms and severity vary considerably. The wrong diagnosis can affect families and the educational system, raising the risk of depression, eating disorders, and self-harm. Recently, many works have proposed new methods for the diagnosis of autism based on machine learning and brain data. However, these works focus on only one pairwise statistical metric, ignoring the brain network organization. In this paper, we propose a method for the automatic diagnosis of autism based on functional brain imaging data recorded from 500 subjects, where 242 present autism spectrum disorder considering the regions of interest throughout Bootstrap Analysis of Stable Cluster map. Our method can distinguish the control group from autism spectrum disorder patients with high accuracy. Indeed the best performance provides an AUC near 1.0, which is higher than that found in the literature. We verify that the left ventral posterior cingulate cortex region is less connected to an area in the cerebellum of patients with this neurodevelopment disorder, which agrees with previous studies. The functional brain networks of autism spectrum disorder patients show more segregation, less distribution of information across the network, and less connectivity compared to the control cases. Our workflow provides medical interpretability and can be used on other fMRI and EEG data, including small data sets.
Usefulness of health checkup for screening metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease in Japanese male young adults
Authors: Tajirika Satoko , Miwa Takao , Francisque Cathelencia , Hanai Tatsunori , Imamura Nanako , Adachi Miho , Horita Ryo , Menezes Lynette J. , Shimizu Masahito , Yamamoto Mayumi
Published: May 2023

We aimed to assess metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) prevalence in young male adults and the role of health checkups in disease screening. We recruited 313 male graduate students at Gifu University in April 2022. With hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasonography, MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were diagnosed based on health checkup data, and ALD was diagnosed with alcohol consumption > 30 g/day. The ability of each variable to identify MAFLD, NAFLD, and ALD was assessed using logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses. Participants’ mean age was 23 (± 4) years, and MAFLD, NAFLD, and ALD prevalence was 11%, 17%, and 1%, respectively. Among Japanese male young adults, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.07; P = 0.008) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.58–2.58; P < 0.001) were independently associated with MAFLD. Furthermore, only the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was able to identify ALD (OR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28–1.74; P = 0.001). Our study revealed that health checkups, including measurement of ALT, BMI, and AUDIT, are important for screening MAFLD and ALD in younger generations.
Phytochemical screening and allelopathic potential of phytoextracts of three invasive grass species
Authors: Jabeen Shaista , Ali Muhammad Fraz , Mohi ud Din Atta , Javed Talha , Mohammed Nouriya Salah , Chaudhari Sunbal Khalil , Javed Muhammad Ammar , Ali Baber , Zhang Lixin , Rahimi Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Undoubtedly, it is important to remain vigilant and manage invasive grasses to prevent their spread and mitigate their negative impact on the environment. However, these aggressive plants can also play a beneficial role in certain contexts. For example, several invasive grasses provide valuable forage for livestock and have disease control potential. Therefore, a research experiment was conducted to explore the pros and cons of this approach, not only for surrounding vegetation but also for human and animal disease control. The study is primarily focused on developing livestock feed, plant-derived herbicides, and an understanding of the phytotoxic effects of invasive species. All plant parts of Cenchrus ciliaris L., Polypogon monspeliansis L., and Dicanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, were tested for their phyto-chemical screening, proximate, and toxicity analysis which was caused by the methanolic extract of these grass species. Qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed for proximate composition analysis and toxicity assessment essays. The phytochemical analysis revealed the positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, saponins, and glycosides, while negative for tannins. Comparison of proximate analysis intimated maximum moisture (10.8%) and crude fat (4.1%) in P. monspeliensis, whereas maximum dry matter (84.1%), crude protein (13.95%), crude fiber (11%), and ash (7.2%) in D. annulatum. Five (10, 100, 500, 100, 10,000 ppm) and three (10, 1000, 10,000 ppm) different concentrations of methanolic extract prepared from C. ciliaris, P. monspeliansis, and D. annulatum were used respectively for root inhibition and seed germination essay. Furthermore, three different concentrations (10, 30, 50 mg) of plant fine powder were used for sandwich method test. There was a significant decline in the growth rate of experimental model radish seeds (P > 0.005), and results from sandwich method tests showed suppressed growth of root hairs, inhibiting the anchoring of the radish seed. In comparison, results manifest that; P. monspeliansis indicated an upsurge of inhibition (66.58% at 10,000 ppm), D. annulatum revealed soar germination (75.86% in controlled conditions), and C. ciliaris exhibited dramatic shoot up of inhibition because of sandwich method test (14.02% at 50 mg). In conclusion, although grasses are toxic, it is important to consider the beneficiary account.
SVSBI: sequence-based virtual screening of biomolecular interactions
Authors: Shen Li , Feng Hongsong , Qiu Yuchi , Wei Guo-Wei
Published: May 2023

Virtual screening (VS) is a critical technique in understanding biomolecular interactions, particularly in drug design and discovery. However, the accuracy of current VS models heavily relies on three-dimensional (3D) structures obtained through molecular docking, which is often unreliable due to the low accuracy. To address this issue, we introduce a sequence-based virtual screening (SVS) as another generation of VS models that utilize advanced natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and optimized deep K-embedding strategies to encode biomolecular interactions without relying on 3D structure-based docking. We demonstrate that SVS outperforms state-of-the-art performance for four regression datasets involving protein-ligand binding, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid binding, and ligand inhibition of protein-protein interactions and five classification datasets for protein-protein interactions in five biological species. SVS has the potential to transform current practices in drug discovery and protein engineering.
Near-infrared magnetic core-shell nanoparticles based on lanthanide metal-organic frameworks as a ratiometric felodipine sensing platform
Authors: Jiang Yu-Peng , Fang Xin-Hui , Wang Qian , Huo Jian-Zhong , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Xin-Rui , Ding Bin
Published: May 2023

Felodipine is an effective drug to treat hypertension, but its abuse can cause bardycardia. It is significant to develop highly sensitive detection platform for felodipine to enable the efficient treatment of hypertension diseases. In this work, to highly efficiently detect felodipine, multi-emission near-infrared (NIR) hierarchical magnetic core-shell lanthanide-MOF nanoparticles, namely Nd-MOF@Yb-MOF@SiO2@Fe3O4 (NIR-1), has been synthesized by layer-by-layer (LBL) method. LBL method can adjust the optical properties of NIR-1 and expose more active sites to improve sensitivity in detection process. NIR-1 has near-infrared luminescence emission, which can efficiently avoid the interference of autofluorescence in biological tissues. Photo-luminescent (PL) experiments also reveal that NIR-1 could be used as a near-infrared ratiometric luminescent sensor for felodipine detection with high selectivity and sensitivity, the low of detection limit (LOD) is 6.39 nM in felodipine detection, which is also performed using real biological samples. In addition, NIR-1 can be used as a ratiometric thermometer could also be applied in the temperature sensing from 293 K to 343 K. Finally, detection mechanisms for felodipine and temperature sensing performance based on near-infrared (NIR) emission were also investigated and discussed in detail.
Study and design of amino acid-based radical enzymes using unnatural amino acids
Authors: Yuan Feiyan , Su Binbin , Yu Yang , Wang Jiangyun
Published: May 2023

Enzymes with tyrosine or tryptophan-based radicals catalyze important reactions. Unnatural amino acids are powerful tools in the study and design of these radical enzymes.
Through-space charge transfer delayed fluorescence in tris(triazolo)triazine donor–acceptor copolymers
Authors: Hojo Ryoga , Luppi Bruno T. , Bergmann Katrina , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: May 2023

Donor–acceptor materials containing tris(triazolo)triazine (TTT) acceptors have recently gained attention as green to deep-blue fluorophores exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
Phase control in solution deposited tin monosulfide thin films: the role of Pb2+ cations
Authors: Zakay Noy , Mishra Neeraj , Maman Nitzan , Rashkovskiy Alexander , Schlesinger Adi , Abutbul Ran E. , Ezersky Vladimir , Azulay Doron , Makov Guy , Golan Yuval
Published: May 2023

A “single pot” solution deposition methodology was employed to fabricate phase controlled lead-doped tin monosulfide thin films.
Synthesis of novel 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic hydrazones as selective chemosensors for cyanide ions
Authors: Alharthy Rima D. , Urooj Ifra , Tasleem Mussarat , Khalid Muhammad , Asghar Muhammad Adnan , Khan Shaista Ijaz , Ajmal Muhammad , Ahmed Nadeem , Shafiq Zahid
Published: May 2023

The development of an effective and selective chemosensor for CN− ions has become the need of the hour due to their hazardous impact on the environment and humans.
Substrate specific closed-loop optimization of carbohydrate protective group chemistry using Bayesian optimization and transfer learning
Authors: Faurschou Natasha Videcrantz , Taaning Rolf Hejle , Pedersen Christian Marcus
Published: May 2023

Closed-loop optimizations of regioselective benzoylations of unprotected carbohydrates using automated synthesis and Bayesian optimization. The autonomous search revealed novel procedures for both regioselective mono and dibenzoylations.
Precise peripheral design enables propeller-like squaraine dye with highly sensitive and wide-range piezochromism
Authors: Guo Weihan , Wang Mingda , Si Leilei , Wang Yigang , Xia Guomin , Wang Hongming
Published: May 2023

We present a precise peripheral design for triggering propeller-like squaraine dye with highly sensitive and wide-range piezochromism. And crystal structure analysis of two polymorphs provides direct evidence to illustrate the mechanism.
Phosphate assisted integrated carbon dioxide capture and conversion to methane
Authors: Koch Christopher J. , Alagaratnam Anushan , Goeppert Alain , Prakash G. K. Surya
Published: May 2023

CO2captured species with aqueous metal phosphates are converted to methane in an integrated hydrogenation process over a heterogeneous catalyst.
Impact of particle size on the kinetics and structure stability of single-crystal Li-rich cathode materials
Authors: Sun Jianming , Cao Xin , Yang Wuhai , Yoo Eunjoo , Zhou Haoshen
Published: May 2023

The particle size of single-crystal Li-rich materials was accurately regulated, and its impact on the electrochemical behavior was compared, which clarified the single-crystal Li-rich cathode with the optimal size can improve the energy density.
FP‐BFT: A fast pipeline Byzantine consensus algorithm
Authors: Liu Xinlei , Liu Yang , Li Xiangyang , Cao Haohao , Wang Yaoqi
Published: May 2023

The Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms have been widely applied in the blockchain systems because of their fault tolerance capability to determine system consistency in the presence of malicious nodes. However, the BFT consensus algorithms are confronted with low efficiency and scalability problems caused by multiple rounds of handshake communication. In this paper, a pipeline‐based Fast Pipeline Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus algorithm (FP‐BFT) is proposed, which adopts a non‐leader pipeline framework to process different rounds of transactions in parallel. By means of randomly selecting 2f+1 nodes to form a committee for one round of transactions, consensus agreement can be reached within the committee via nodes broadcasting and voting. Committee nodes participating in the consensus are chosen by chance to avoid the monopoly of which becomes the block producer. Consensus efficiency and the system throughput can be significantly improved with the pipeline framework. Comparison experiments are conducted to verify the superiority of the FP‐BFT algorithm, and the theoretical proof is given to guarantee the Byzantine fault‐tolerant security. Experimental results show that FP‐BFT has improved the consensus efficiency by decreasing communication overhead to make it better applied both in public blockchain and consortium blockchain systems.
Controllable synthesis of indium oxide nanorod‐flowers for high field emission performance
Authors: Hu Yuechuan , Feng Hange , Li Lingwei , Luo Menghao , Dong Zibo , Xue Shaolin
Published: May 2023

In this paper, indium oxide (In2O3) nanomaterials are successfully synthesized on the silicon substrates by hydrothermal method and calcination. By changing the ratio of raw materials, In2O3 exhibits three morphologies of nanorods, nanomaces, and nanorod‐flowers. Among the three morphologies of In2O3 nanomaterials, the nanorod‐flowers shaped In2O3 shows a strong field emission property, the turn‐on electric field as low as 0.97 V/µm and the field enhancement factor β up to 1053. The excellent performance is attributed to the higher length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the emitting tips and the better crystal quality for nanorod‐flowers shaped In2O3. The authors also show that for the nanorod‐flowers shaped In2O3, increasing separation distance, the turn‐on electric field increases up to about 3.67 V/µm and β decreases to 573 at d = 900 µm. This work provides new insights to design and synthesize nanomaterials with excellent field emission properties.
Analysis the character of J.S.Bach’s Sinfonia in A major (BWV 798) – based on the dynamic and research on related acoustic parameters
Authors: He Zixuan
Published: May 2023

Various annotations of the character of J.S.Bach’s clavier music in piano perform seem to be under discussion by the pianists and musicologist. However, the extent of dynamic and the way of dynamic changes that had been considered appear scarce. In the essay below, the extent of the dynamic and the way of dynamic changes of J.S.Bach’s Sinfonia in A major (BWV 798) in piano perform is under analysis and discuss.
“Large fat sighings” of a “large bulky figure”: Identity-building and formation of new order in Persuasion
Authors: Zhang Yukang , Wei Mengyang
Published: May 2023

This essay provides a multifaceted analysis of Jane Austen’s novel Persuasion through the lens of narrative consciousness, rhythm and sexual anxiety. Drawing on Lacanian theory, it examines the selfidentification processes of the heroine Anne Elliot and Mrs Musgrove against, and with relation to patriarchal norms. By analyzing the dynamics presented in Mrs Musgrove’s “large fat sighings”, the essay explores the effect of incongruity between the human body and spirit; and it further examines Mrs Musgrove’s Sphinx-like figure, who inspires desire and inhibitions in the Oedipus-like Captain Wentworth with a significant impact on the formation of community and order. The essay investigates long-neglected subjects presented in Austen’s novels and enriches the complex portrait of Mrs. Musgrove as both Mother and Sphinx.
Innovative Research on Evaluation System for College English Listening Course Entirely Based on Internet
Authors: Liu Lei , Cai Hongyan , Wei Lin
Published: May 2023

This study attempts to introduce the diagnostic, formative and Summative evaluation system into college English listening course (CELC), adjusting the structure of the evaluation system of college English listening course, enriching the evaluation content, building a reasonable and effective internet-based college English listening course evaluation system so as to improve students’ learning enthusiasm and listening performance, imporove teachers’ teaching ability and improve the teaching quality of college English listening course. In addition, the designed evaluation systeme is entirely based on internet. In this way, it can also play an important role in the comprehensive online teaching under the impact of public health emergencies and other emergencies.
Designing authentic assessment tasks for EFL courses
Authors: Hu Jingbo , Lee Phaik Gaik , Harji Madhubala A/P Bava
Published: May 2023

Authentic assessment has been widely proven to have practicability value. Since EFL courses focus on the practicability value of the English language to the learners, it is urgent to implement authentic assessment in EFL courses. Authentic assessment, as an assessment for learning, is integrated into the teaching and learning process. Thus, for teachers, the task of authentic assessment needs to be designed and practiced in a targeted manner. The basic concept of authentic assessment coincides with constructivist learning theory, and thus constructivist theory can provide theoretical support for authentic assessment. In this paper, we define the characteristics of authentic assessment tasks and propose a checklist for teachers’ reference when designing them.
The importance of pitch in conveying meaning in English
Authors: Yang Yifan
Published: May 2023

Pitch, as a basic property of sounds and an important suprasegmental feature of speech, exerts its effect on many linguistic aspects at different levels. The current study mainly focuses on its pragmatic meaning realized by phonetic forms, namely the accent placement and tune. By observing the pitch curves of various renderings of utterances from the phonetic tool Praat and analyzing these typical instances, it is concluded that pitch is of great importance to listeners’ grasp of various contexts and meanings.
Comparison of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography-Derived Contrast Enhancement with Standard Dual-Energy Pulmonary Angiography in Diagnosing Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yadav Vivek , Singhal Manphool , Maralakunte Muniraju , Sharma Navneet , Sharma Arun , Lal Anupam
Published: May 2023

Objective In this study, we compare the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy (DE) computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) derived contrast enhancement (DECTPA, CTPA images with iodine maps) with standard dual-energy pulmonary angiography (SCTPA) for diagnosis of subsegmental pulmonary embolism in the cases with clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism (APE).

Materials and Methods We included 50 cases with clinical suspicion of APE that were referred for CTPA. All the patients underwent CTPA in the dual-energy protocol. Two radiologists evaluated the images. The first radiologist interpreted the SCTPA images (vascular images) and the second radiologist interpreted the DECTPA (CTPA images with iodine maps) for findings of APE. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of DECTPA vis-à-vis SCTPA images.

Results The DECTPA with the advantage of iodine map utilization yielded higher detection of thrombi in peripheral subsegmental arteries (72 vs. 99; p = – 0.001) as compared to the SCTPA images by identification of 18 new perfusion defects (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–1) that were consistent with APE. Filling defects were identified in 27 (IQR: 0–4) more subsegmental arteries supplying these 18 areas, which were not detected on SCTPA alone. These 18 perfusion defects were identified in 13 cases. In these 13 cases, 4 new cases were diagnosed that were negative on CTPA (p = –0.125).

In the evaluation of the APE, sensitivity and specificity were calculated and it was found that DECTPA showed 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity with 100% negative predictive value in the detection of thrombi as compared to the routine CTPA.

Conclusion DECTPA has higher sensitivity and negative predictive value in the detection of the subsegmental perfusion defect identification as compared to SCTPA.
Perioperative Outcomes of Hyperlactatemia during Craniotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1,832 Patients
Authors: Sharapi Mahfouz M. , Al-dardery Nada M. , El-Samahy Mohamed A. , Mahfouz Amany E. , Aljabali Ahmed S. , Ghaith Hazem S.
Published: May 2023

Background Hyperlactatemia, is common in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. Several studies have identified potential risk factors for developing hyperlactatemia in neurosurgical patients, including body mass index, surgery duration, tumour volume, and certain drugs such as volatile anesthetic agents and corticosteroids. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence of the association between perioperative lactate levels in patients undergoing brain surgery and postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods Using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, a systematic literature search was conducted for studies examining the association between perioperative hyperlactatemia and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing brain surgery. Two authors independently evaluated the full-text papers for eligibility, and then data extraction and meta-analyses of similar studies were conducted (using a random effect model for each outcome measure). The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias (NOS scale).

Results Seven observational studies were included, and a total of 1,832 patients were assessed in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies ranged from poor to high quality according to the NOS quality assessment tool. Meta-analysis results revealed no significant association between perioperative hyperlactatemia and postoperative new neurological deficits (five studies: odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.50–1.87], p = 0.92; heterogeneity: I
2 = 38%, p = 0.18). Similarly, perioperative hyperlactatemia was neither significantly associated with increased 30-day postoperative mortality (two studies; OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.02–2.00], p = 0.17; heterogeneity: I
2 = 0%, p = 0.59) nor 6 months survival rate (three studies; OR = 1.05, 95% CI [0.75–1.47], p = 0.79; heterogeneity: I
2 = 0%, p = 0.51). Moreover, there was no difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups (four studies: mean difference = –0.85, 95% CI [–1.73 to 0.03], p = 0.06). Pooled studies were not homogenous (I
2 = 68%, p = 0.03).

Conclusion Perioperative hyperlactatemia is benign in neurosurgical patients and is not associated with significant postoperative outcomes, such as developing new postoperative neurological deficit, 30-day mortality, 6-month survival, or prolonged hospital stay.
Pin Site Epidural Hematoma Masquerading as Intractable Brain Swelling: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Reddy Ashwini , Panda Nidhi , Chauhan Rajeev , Mahajan Shalvi , Mohindra Sandeep
Published: May 2023

Head fixation devices are frequently used to immobilize the position of the head in neurosurgery. We report a rare complication of a four-pin Sugita device causing epidural hematoma (EDH) in a young adult male undergoing transcranial excision of a craniopharyngioma manifesting intraoperatively as an intractable tense brain. Decreased bone mineral density secondary to the metabolic consequences of craniopharyngioma could have increased the susceptibility to breach of the bony cortex. The index case highlights the essential role of a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan review for the thickness of the cranial vault and the identification of weaker zones in high-risk groups.
Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cannabis Consumption among Kosovar University Students
Authors: Ibraimi Zana , Shabani Driton , Murtezani Ardiana , Tahirbegolli Bernard , Berisha-Muharremi Venera
Published: May 2023

Tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol consumption, found to be most common among college students, is known to cause life-threatening diseases, and is correlated with social, financial and health problems. For the present study, we aimed to assess the sociodemographic factors affecting tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020, on a random sample of 507 undergraduates, between the ages of 18 and 24. The research instrument was a self- administered questionnaire with questions on the sociodemographic characteristics, and questions regarding the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis.

The mean ± standard deviation age of study sample was 21.56 ± 1.81 years, and 56.4% participants were females. The lifetime prevalence of tobacco usage among the study sample was 66.7%, alcohol 54.2%, and the cannabis had a prevalence of 13.8%. About 46.2% (n = 234) were co-users of tobacco smoking and alcohol, and 12.6% (n = 64) were co-user of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use. Analyzed with Pearson's chi-squared test, there was no statistically significant difference between students from private and public institutions on lifetime, in the past 1 year/1 month of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use (p > 0.05). The logistic regression model for dependent variable cannabis abuse in the past 1 year is associated with lower odds among female students (odds ratio: 0.337, 95% confidence interval: 0.167–0.682; p = 0.002). Smoking, drinking, and cannabis were found to be highly prevalent among university students. These findings can help program managers and policy makers devise effective and appropriate control programs and policies for substance-using university students.