bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Door Lock Using Face Recognition
Authors: Sinaga Nelson , Waluyo Bakti Dwi , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Rambey Joni Syafrin , Fibriasari Hesti
Published: November 2022

Most doors are controlled by persons using keys, security cards, passwords, or patterns to open the door. This paper aims to help users improve the door security of sensitive locations by using face detection and Recognition. The face is a complex multidimensional structure and needs good computing techniques for detection and Recognition. This paper comprises three subsystems: face detection, face Recognition and automatic door access control. Face detection is the process of detecting the region of the face in an image. The look is seen using the viola jones method, and face recognition is implemented using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Face Recognition based on PCA is generally referred to as the use of Eigenfaces. If a face is recognized, it is known, else it is unknown. The door will open automatically for the known person due to the command of the microcontroller. On the other hand, the alarm will ring for the unknown person. Since PCA reduces the dimensions of face images without losing essential features, facial images for many persons can be stored in the database. Although many training images are used, computational efficiency cannot be decreased significantly. Therefore, face recognition using PCA can be more beneficial for door security systems than other face recognition schemes.
Problems and Solutions Faced by Ideological and Political Education in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Yanfen Lin
Published: November 2022

Problems and solutions faced by ideological and political education in the era of big data is the focus of this study. Big data is no longer limited to random samples, no longer limited to the collection of information with a small amount of information, big data has enough "big" information to reflect the development of the situation. At the same time, this kind of data acquisition relying on technical means can be carried out without affecting the learners, and can then eliminate the interference from learners themselves and the experimental environment, and this paper gives the novel applications inideological and political education.
Knowledge Gap Causing Discontinuance of SRI: A Study in Tribal Region of Odisha
Authors: Kerketta A. , Patra S. K. , Ray Plabita , Raj R. K.
Published: November 2022

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method is being ideally suited to the small farmers in India where rice productivity is comparatively low. But, it has been observed that the farmers are not enthusiastic to continue the practice in spite of all efforts made. Inadequate knowledge about the practices might be the reasons for the discontinuance of the method. A study was therefore, conducted with 96 farmers in the tribal region of Sundargarh district in Odisha to assess the knowledge deficiencies that causing discontinuance of SRI. The findings revealed that the farmers had inadequate knowledge on raising nursery bed at 80-100 cms height, putting single sprouted seed in line in nursery bed, sub-matting at two meters distance, putting seedlings in a thin metal sheet for easy transplanting, use of recommended quantity of well decomposed FYM/manure per hectare, green manuring and vermicomposting to supplement organic manure, minimum of four weeding at ten days interval, alternate drying and wetting of the main field, light irrigation during hair line cracks and keeping 2-3 cms standing water after flowering. Socio – economic attributes like family size, housing pattern, social participation, education, use of agricultural implements, extension contact and annual income had significant influence in increasing knowledge level of the respondents. It is therefore suggested that the extension officials of the state department of Agriculture and Non- Government Organizations promoting SRI have to take possible approaches to expose the respondents further particularly with poor knowledge on practices enabling them to realize the benefits of all these practices and may continue SRI method of rice cultivation for better production till they get better technology.
Comparative Study of Online and Offline Shopping Behaviour among Undergraduate Girl Students
Authors: Takhellambam Aelena , Kala Shishir , Lal Sudhanand Prasad , Devi Manorama , Dandasena Sasmita
Published: November 2022

Aim: The study aims to analyze the shopping behaviour (Online and Offline Shopping) of the students studying in remote and hilly area during the peak of pandemic.

Study Design: The study comprises of a descriptive research design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya which is located distantly form the capital city, Shillong during 2020-21.

Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 60 samples form a college in Sangsangre, a small village in Tura.

Results: The findings of the study reveal that respondent shop mostly during discount and offer season online, number of purchases made is more than one in a week and almost all respondent relies on online shopping to purchase almost any product namely Habiliments, Electronic gadget, Books except for groceries, furniture and jewelry. Festive ads attract respondent go for online. Amazon and Myntra services are most preferable online portal. 

Conclusion: It is evident that with the changing in the retail business due to digitalization and worldwide lockdown, customer behaviour also changes irrespective of the location.
Education and Medical Practice in Ancient Greece, the Alexandrian Period and the Western Roman Empire: Advantages and Disadvantages from a Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Güemes Luciana Elsa Acosta , Cusumano Ana María
Published: November 2022

During pre-Hippocratic times, medical education and practice in Greece were influenced by supernatural and religious beliefs. With Hippocrates of Cos, the doctor ceased to be a religious healer to become a naturalist, since he studied disease for the first time as an objective natural phenomenon. Medical schools were founded with a model of education of disciples, with great ethical content, without study plans or formal title. They prioritized observation over theory. Aristotle influenced medicine for more than 2,000 years. Even though he was not a physician, his contributions to medicine were substantial. He was considered the founder of comparative anatomy, created the Lyceum of Athens and emphasized the importance of one's own observation and experience to be a good doctor and not just a philosopher. Later, the leading role in medical education passed into the hands of the School of Alexandria, where the first chair of anatomy in history originated. In the cities of Cos, Cnido, and Alexandria medicine was taught with an educational model that persisted until the first part of the Middle Ages, based on: freedom (teacher and student defined their own goals), disciple learning (started from observation: “see how I do it so you can do it later”): teaching-learning process based on the experience over the texts; strong ethical content (do good and do no harm).  During the Roman Empire, the Greek knowledge was preserved and strengthened by the hand of Claudius Galenus and progress was made in the construction of the first hospitals, an assortment of instruments and medical specialization. Both periods, Greek and Roman, were independent of religious influences; a situation that propitiated an exercise and a rational medical education. However, with few exceptions, there was no place for women.
Growth and Yield of Tomatillo as Influenced by Planting Time and Macronutrients
Authors: Shamim Abdullah Salfe Al , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Nahar Shamsun , Begum Tahira , Uzzaman Md. Khokon , Ahmed Asif , Imtiaz Abdullah All , Rahaman Md. Anisur , Samad Md. Abdus
Published: November 2022

With the use of a strategic pairing of planting time and macronutrients, tomatillo growth and yield can be boosted. Due to their complementing effects, the ideal combination of different planting times and macronutrients may significantly boost tomatillo growth and yield. The experiment was set by taking two treatment factors. Our treatment factors were: (1) Planting time (three time’s viz. T1 = 02 November, T2 = 12 November, and T3 = 22 November); and (2) Macro nutrients (four levels viz. F0 = N0P0K0 Kg/ha, F1 = N200P60K100 Kg/ha, F2= N250P90K120Kg/ha, F3 = N300P120K140 Kg/ha). The two factors experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of  planting time, the sharp increase of fruits per plant (37.06), fruit weight (42.7 g), yield per plant ( 2.04 kg) and per hectare ( 85.06 t) were obtained from T3 (22 November). In case of macronutrients, the maximum number of fruits per plant (47.26), fruit weight ( 48.47 g), yield per plant ( 2.75 kg) and per hectare ( 114.59 t) were obtained from F1 (N200P60K100  Kg/ha). Combined effect (T3F1)  had improved the number of fruits per plant (49.66), fruit weight ( 55.64 g), yield per plant ( 2.94 kg) and per hectare ( 122.84 t), vitamin C content (25.92 mg) and noted from T1F0 (02 November with  N0P0K0Kg/ha) treatment combination that minimum number of fruits per plant (14.0), fruit weight ( 24.69 g), yield per plant ( 0.5 kg) and per hectare ( 20.85 t), vitamin C content (16.63 mg). So, the T3F1 treatment combination appeared to be the best for achieving the higher growth and yield of tomatillo.
A Comparative Study on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under Natural and Artificial Environments in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Baraya Y. S. , Abdulrazak A.
Published: November 2022

Aims: The study was conducted to compare the alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under natural (river) and artificial (ponds) habitats in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.

Study Design: Whole blood and serum samples harvested from each group of the catfish were used for assessment of the haematological and biochemical parameters, respectively. Data were analyzed to compare changes between the two groups of African catfishes using T-test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Place and Duration of Study: Catfish samples were collected over a period of four weeks from Kwalkwalawa river and commercial fish farms in Sokoto metropolis. Samples for haematological parameters were determined at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The serum analyses were performed at the Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto.

Methodology: A total of fifty (50) whole blood samples were obtained from live African catfishes representing twenty-five (25) samples each from natural and artificial environments.

Results: The results showed significant changes in some haematological parameters, packed cell volume (P = 0.039), haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001), white blood cell count (P = 0.012), and differential neutrophils (P = 0.001) and lymphocytes (P = 0.001) counts between the two groups of African catfishes studied. Significant biochemical alterations in the total protein (P = 0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.028) and direct bilirubin (P = 0.019) were observed in catfishes under natural and artificial environments.

Conclusion: This study shows that aquaculture environment has great influence on the haematological and biochemical parameters in African catfish. These changes were more evident in catfish reared under the natural environment. Hence, the alterations in haemato-biochemical parameters were suggestive of unhealthy state or chronic stressful condition in catfish perhaps due to natural and human caused stresses.
Studies on Marketing of Flower Cultivation under Polyhouses in Chittor District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kavitha S. , Jyothi S. Hyma , Rajeshwari S. , Kumari P. Lavanya
Published: November 2022

Flower industry is an emerging as a blooming business not only in India, but in other countries as well. Floriculture denotes cultivation of flowers, developing new varieties of commercial value, sale of flowers as raw commodities, processing, distribution, etc. for the local and international market. This paper attempted to to analyse the different marketing channels of flower cultivation under polyhouse in chittor district of Andhra Pradesh. This study was carried out based on primary data and interviewed with 30 flower growers and seller in chittor district. Three channels were identified namely channel I: Farmer -Wholesaler-Trader -Retailer -Consumer, Channel - II: Farmer -wholesaler -retailer-consumer and Channel-III: Farmer -wholesaler -consumer. With regard to marigold in channel – I, the net share of the producer in the consumer’s rupee was 40 per cent and price spread Rs.65 and marketing efficiency 0.66, whereas, in chrysanthemum, the net share of the producer in the consumer’s rupee is 48 per cent and marketing efficiency 0.90. With regard to marigold in channel – II, the net share of the producer in the consumer’s rupee was 45 per cent and price received by the farmer was Rs.43 per kg of the produce from the wholesaler and the wholesaler was selling at a price of Rs.64 per kg to the retailer. The final purchase price of the consumer was Rs.96 price spread Rs.43 and marketing efficiency 0.81. In case of chrysanthemum, the net share of the producer in the consumer’s rupee was 51 per cent and marketing efficiency 1.05. The producer’s share in the consumer’s rupee was 55 per cent for marigold in channel – III, price spread was Rs.35 and marketing efficiency was 1.22, while, in case of chrysanthemum, the net share of the producer in the consumer’s rupee was 64 per cent, marketing efficiency 1.76. . Channel - III was having the highest efficiency among all the channels but mostly used channel was channel – II.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ephedra alata Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Boutlelis Djahra Ali , Mounia Benkaddour , Salah Benkherara , Inass Shaib , Ibtissam Laib , Chaima Benine , Soumaya And Bdida
Published: November 2022

Plants have been a source of important chemical compounds that can be used for treatment of different disease. Natural products in plants also are a source of active compounds and can be considered an alternative to synthetic molecules with high antioxidant potential. Objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of Ephedra alata extract. Methods: Phytochemical values namely, total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging effect were studied by established methods. Antimicrobial properties of Ephedra alata was tested using cup-plate diffusion method and disc diffusion.

Results showed numerous secondary metabolic products including in plant Ephedra alata extract such as Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins were detected. And other metabolic products such as Steroids and Cardinolids are absent.  The yield for the aqueous extract was 9.89%. However, the polyphenols extract content was equal to 0.004243 (mg GAE/ml extract. Effectiveness of antioxidant plant using DPPH free root was estimated at IC50= 0.901 mg/ml for aqueous extract. In antibacterial screening, the extract showed antibacterial power with zone of inhibitions compared to positive controls Penicillin against multi-resistant germs such as: Pseudomonase aeruginosa and Serratia fonticola responsible of many infectious. Growth inhibition varies with bacterial species and concentration of Ephedra alta extract.
4D Printing of Seed Capsule‐Inspired Hygro‐Responsive Structures via Liquid Crystal Templating‐Assisted Vat Photopolymerization
Authors: Tang Tengteng , Alfarhan Saleh , Jin Kailong , Li Xiangjia
Published: November 2022

The creatures in nature exhibit dynamic responses to environmental stimuli through their hierarchical architectures. Benefiting from gradient porous structures, Delosperma nakurense opens its protective valves of the seed capsules when hydrated with liquid water, increasing the likelihood that seeds are dispersed under conditions favorable to germination. Here, a versatile 4D printing technology, namely liquid crystal templating‐assisted vat photopolymerization (LCT‐VPP), which can fabricate bioinspired porous structures with hygro‐responsive capabilities by utilizing photopolymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) and liquid crystals (LCs) electro‐alignment is reported. PIPS within the LCs/nanofiller composites leads to the formation of submicrometer gradient porous structures after extracting nonreactive LCs. The electric field enables the programmable alignment of LCs, which in turn elongates the porous structures and aligns nanofillers. In addition, the programmable arranged nanofillers by the templated LCs enhance the degree of deformation and thus the resulting composites exhibit high shape control accuracy, fast dynamic response, and high reliability. This study opens a perspective for designing bioinspired smart materials with the special spatial distribution of porous structures. The results reported here can give rise to various potential applications in soft robots, smart anticounterfeiting devices, flexible sensors, and ultrafiltration membrane.
Improving OFF‐State Bias‐Stress Stability in High‐Mobility Conjugated Polymer Transistors with an Antisolvent Treatment
Authors: Nguyen Malgorzata , Kraft Ulrike , Tan Wen Liang , Dobryden Illia , Broch Katharina , Zhang Weimin , Un Hio‐Ieng , Simatos Dimitrios , Venkateshavaran Deepak , McCulloch Iain , Claesson Per M. , McNeill Christopher R. , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: November 2022

Conjugated polymer field‐effect transistors are emerging as an enabling technology for flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with sufficiently high charge‐carrier mobilities and compatibility with large‐area, low‐temperature processing. However, their electrical stability remains a concern. ON‐state (accumulation mode) bias‐stress instabilities in organic semiconductors have been widely studied, and multiple mitigation strategies have been suggested. In contrast, OFF‐state (depletion mode) bias‐stress instabilities remain poorly understood despite being crucial for many applications in which the transistors are held in their OFF‐state for most of the time. Here, a simple method of using an antisolvent treatment is presented to achieve significant improvements in OFF‐state bias‐stress and environmental stability as well as general device performance for one of the best performing polymers, solution‐processable indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDT‐BT). IDT‐BT is weakly crystalline, and the notable improvements to an antisolvent‐induced, increased degree of crystallinity, resulting in a lower probability of electron trapping and the removal of charge traps is attributed. The work highlights the importance of the microstructure in weakly crystalline polymer films and offers a simple processing strategy for achieving the reliability required for applications in flexible electronics.
Discovery of Type II Interlayer Trions
Authors: Zhang Linglong , Zhou Fei , Zhang Xiaowei , Yang Shunshun , Wen Bo , Yan Han , Yildirim Tanju , Song Xiaoying , Yang Qi , Tian Ming , Wan Neng , Song Hucheng , Pei Jiajie , Qin Shuchao , Zhu Jiaqi , Wageh S. , Al‐Hartomy Omar A. , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Shen Haoliang , Liu Youwen , Zhang Han
Published: November 2022

In terms of interlayer trions, electronic excitations in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) can be classified into Type I (i.e., two identical charges in the same layer) and Type II (i.e., two identical charges in the different layers). Type I interlayer trions are investigated theoretically and experimentally. By contrast, Type II interlayer trions remain elusive in vdWHs, due to inadequate free charges, unsuitable band alignment, reduced Coulomb interactions, poor interface quality, etc. Here, the first observation of Type II interlayer trions is reported by exploring band alignments and choosing an atomically thin organic–inorganic system—monolayer WSe2/bilayer pentacene heterostructure (1L + 2L HS). Both positive and negative Type II interlayer trions are electrically tuned and observed via PL spectroscopy. In particular, Type II interlayer trions exhibit in‐plane anisotropic emission, possibly caused by their unique spatial structure and anisotropic charge interactions, which is highly correlated with the transition dipole moment of pentacene. The results pave the way to develop excitonic devices and all‐optical circuits using atomically thin organic–inorganic bilayers.
Light‐Induced Agglomeration of Single‐Atom Platinum in Photocatalysis
Authors: Denisov Nikita , Qin Shanshan , Will Johannes , Vasiljevic Bojana Nedić , Skorodumova Natalia V. , Pašti Igor A. , Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Osuagwu Benedict , Yokosawa Tadahiro , Voss Johannes , Wirth Janis , Spiecker Erdmann , Schmuki Patrik
Published: November 2022

With recent advances in the field of single‐atoms (SAs) used in photocatalysis, an unprecedented performance of atomically dispersed co‐catalysts has been achieved. However, the stability and agglomeration of SA co‐catalysts on the semiconductor surface may represent a critical issue in potential applications. Here, the photoinduced destabilization of Pt SAs on the benchmark photocatalyst, TiO2, is described. In aqueous solutions within illumination timescales ranging from few minutes to several hours, light‐induced agglomeration of Pt SAs to ensembles (dimers, multimers) and finally nanoparticles takes place. The kinetics critically depends on the presence of sacrificial hole scavengers and the used light intensity. Density‐functional theory calculations attribute the light induced destabilization of the SA Pt species to binding of surface‐coordinated Pt with solution‐hydrogen (adsorbed H atoms), which consequently weakens the Pt SA bonding to the TiO2 surface. Despite the gradual aggregation of Pt SAs into surface clusters and their overall reduction to metallic state, which involves >90% of Pt SAs, the overall photocatalytic H2 evolution remains virtually unaffected.
Search for Magnetoelectric Coupling at the 57Fe/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Interface Using Operando Synchrotron Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Mikheev Vitaly , Mantovan Roberto , Zarubin Sergei , Dmitriyeva Anna , Suvorova Elena , Buffat Philipp A. , Zenkevich Andrei V.
Published: November 2022

Multiferroic materials with coexisting ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders have attracted much attention due to the magnetoelectric coupling opening alternative prospects for electronic devices. Composite multiferroics containing separate ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components are a promising alternative to the single‐phase counterparts. Composite multiferroic structures comprising HfO2‐based ferroelectrics are potentially feasible for technological applications. Here, this study reports on the experiments aiming at the manifestation of magnetoelectric coupling at Fe/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) interface. Using synchrotron based 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy technique in operando, this study probes element‐selectively the local magnetic properties of a nanometer‐thick enriched 57Fe marker layer in functional Pt/57Fe/HZO/TiN capacitors and demonstrates the evidence of the ferroelectric polarization effect on the α‐Fe magnetic response. Besides α‐Fe exhibiting a magnetoelectric coupling, both ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 components are found in the Mössbauer spectra, apparently originating from the oxygen or OH− ions penetrating ultrathin Pt overlayer during crystallization annealing of HZO. The observed effect as well as the electronic band lineup of the Fe/HZO interface elucidated from synchrotron based hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements are interpreted in terms of charge‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling at the Fe/HfO2 interface driven by ferroelectric HZO polarization reversal.
Illumination‐Dependent Photoelectric Anisotropy in Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystal Sheets
Authors: Zhang Zhen Yu , Wang Guo Ping
Published: November 2022

Lead‐free all‐inorganic perovskite single crystals are being pursued intensively because of their reduced biological toxicity and enhanced material stability, greatly relieving two major bottlenecks of practical device applications. However, the investigation of their predicted photoelectric anisotropy is still absent, especially under visible and near‐infrared light illuminations. In this work, the high‐anisotropic photodetectors are reported based on Cs3Bi2I9 single crystal sheets. The photoelectric performances are superior along the high‐conductance cleavage plane (001), exhibiting over two‐order magnitude anisotropy in contrast with that along the high‐resistance cross‐plane. Particularly, these anisotropies are varied with illumination wavelengths of different penetration depths. Moreover, the anisotropy is also evidently influenced by illuminate positions due to the lateral self‐driven effects. This work enriches anisotropic photoelectric exploration in lead‐free all‐inorganic perovskite materials and may motivate new strategies to achieve performance‐improved in‐plane photodetectors.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Acylindolines through Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/[3+2] Annulation of Aniline Derivatives and Acrylates
Authors: Tian Xun , Pan Ailin , Du Ya , Zhang Lening , Qin Cuirong , Duan Shengzu , Yang Lijuan , Yang Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

An approach for 2‐acyl indolines synthesis through Cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activation/[3+2] annulation of aniline derivatives and acrylates is described. The method employs cobalt catalyst to afford a wide variety of functionalized 2‐acylindolines with high regioselectivity. The mechanism is investigated by KIE experiments and deuterium‐labeling experiment. The gram‐scale synthesis and synthetic transformations are also conducted, confirming the scalability and application value.

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Redox‐Triggered Nanomedicine via Lymphatic Delivery: Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Ferroptosis Enhancement and a Pt(IV)‐Prodrug Chemoimmunotherapy Approach
Authors: Bilbao‐Asensio Marc , Ruiz‐de‐Angulo Ane , Arguinzoniz Amaia Garaikoetxea , Cronin James , Llop Jordi , Zabaleta Aintzane , Michue‐Seijas Saul , Sosnowska Dominika , Arnold James N. , Mareque‐Rivas Juan C.
Published: November 2022

The efficacy of therapies is often hampered by limited tumor drug accumulation achieved through their intravenous administration, and by the lack of selectivity in targeting and killing cancer cells. Amplification of tumor redox stress and ferroptotic cell death to achieve selective killing of cancer cells using iron‐containing agents has attracted considerable interest. However, these agents need high doses and multiple injection regimens and have limited success in the treatment of cancers such as melanoma. Melanoma often metastasizes via lymphatic vessels, where the metastasizing cells experience less redox stress and are protected from ferroptosis. Here it is shown that phospholipid‐modified Pt(IV) prodrug‐loaded iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)‐filled micelles (mIONP‐PL‐Pt(IV)), which integrate redox reactivity and iron‐enabled catalytic therapeutic features with effective nanoparticle‐assisted lymphatic delivery, provide significantly enhanced suppression of melanoma tumor growth compared to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and IONP treatments. Peroxidase‐like activity, redox‐triggered release of cisplatin, and reactivity with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid are contributors toward the induction of a combined ferroptosis‐based and cisplatin anti‐melanoma treatment. Treatment with mIONP‐PL‐Pt(IV) provides significant tumor control using cumulative treatment doses 10–100‐fold lower than reported in intravenously administered treatments. This work demonstrates the potential of enhancing chemotherapeutic and iron‐based catalytic nanomedicine efficacy exploiting nanoparticle‐enabled lymphatic trafficking.
Smart Mechanoluminescent Phosphors: A Review of Strontium‐Aluminate‐Based Materials, Properties, and Their Advanced Application Technologies
Authors: Huang Zefeng , Chen Bing , Ren Biyun , Tu Dong , Wang Zhaofeng , Wang Chunfeng , Zheng Yuantian , Li Xu , Wang Dong , Ren Zhanbing , Qu Sicen , Chen Zhuyang , Xu Chen , Fu Yu , Peng Dengfeng
Published: November 2022

Mechanoluminescence, a smart luminescence phenomenon in which light energy is directly produced by a mechanical force, has recently received significant attention because of its important applications in fields such as visible strain sensing and structural health monitoring. Up to present, hundreds of inorganic and organic mechanoluminescent smart materials have been discovered and studied. Among them, strontium‐aluminate‐based materials are an important class of inorganic mechanoluminescent materials for fundamental research and practical applications attributed to their extremely low force/pressure threshold of mechanoluminescence, efficient photoluminescence, persistent afterglow, and a relatively low synthesis cost. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of strontium‐aluminate‐based luminescent materials’ mechanoluminescence phenomena, mechanisms, material synthesis techniques, and related applications. Besides of summarizing the early and the latest research on this material system, an outlook is provided on its environmental, energy issue and future applications in smart wearable devices, advanced energy‐saving lighting and displays.
Harvesting PdH Employing Pd Nano Icosahedrons via High Pressure
Authors: Shi Kun , Huo Zihao , Liang Tianxiao , Sui Yongming , Liu Chuang , Shu Haiyun , Wang Lin , Duan Defang , Zou Bo
Published: November 2022

Palladium hydrides (PdHx) have important applications in hydrogen storage, catalysis, and superconductivity. Because of the unique electron subshell structure of Pd, quenching PdHx materials with more than 0.706 hydrogen stoichiometry remains challenging. Here, the 1:1 stoichiometric PdH ( is successfully synthesized using Pd nano icosahedrons as a starting material via high‐pressure cold‐forging at 0.2 GPa. The synthetic initial pressure is reduced by at least one order of magnitude relative to the bulk Pd precursors. Furthermore, PdH is quenched at ambient conditions after being laser heated ≈2000 K under ≈30 GPa. Corresponding ab initio calculations demonstrate that the high potential barrier of the facets (111) restricts hydrogen atoms' diffusion, preventing hydrogen atoms from combining to generate H2. This study paves the way for the high‐pressure synthesis of metal hydrides with promising potential applications.
High Energy Storage Density in Nd(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3‐Doped BiFeO3–BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Li Wen‐Yi , Zhou Di , Li Da , Guo Yan , Zhao Wei‐Chen , Pang Li‐Xia , Sun Shi‐Kuan
Published: November 2022

Lead‐free ceramics with high recoverable energy density (Wrec) and energy storage efficiency (η) are attractive for advanced pulsed power capacitors to enable greater miniaturization and integration. In this work, a series of perovskite structured (1‐x)(Bi0.6Ba0.4)(Fe0.6Ti0.4)O3−xNd(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BF‐BT‐NZN) ceramics with high energy storage density through the solid‐state reaction method are successfully prepared, and the breakdown strength (Eb) and energy storage density are further improved by a membrane rolling process. The highest energy densities of the 0.94(BF‐BT)−0.06NZN ceramics are Wrec ≈ 5.6 J cm−3 and η ≈ 82.9%, which are due to the enhanced breakdown field intensity (BDS ≈ 400 kV cm−1) and the maximum polarization (Pmax≈ 38 µC cm−2). These results indicate that (1−x)(Bi0.6Ba0.4) (Fe0.6Ti0.4)O3−xNd(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 ceramics are high‐efficiency lead‐free materials for potential application in high‐energy‐storage capacitors.
The developmental trajectories of the behavioral phenotype and neuropsychiatric functioning in Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein Taybi syndromes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ajmone Paola Francesca , Giani Ludovica , Allegri Beatrice , Michelini Giovanni , Dall'Ara Francesca , Rigamonti Claudia , Monti Federico , Vizziello Paola Giovanna , Selicorni Angelo , Milani Donatella , Scaini Simona , Costantino Antonella
Published: November 2022

Several changes in the behavioral phenotype arise with the growth of children affected by Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein‐Taybi Syndrome (RSTS). However, previous research relied on a cross‐sectional study design turning into age‐related comparisons of different syndromic cohorts to explore age‐dependent changes. We aim to outline the variating pathways of the neuropsychiatric functioning across the lifespan in CdLS and RSTS, through the setting up of a longitudinal study design. The sample included 14 patients with CdLS and 15 with RSTS. The assessments were carried out in two different timepoints. Our findings highlight that the cognitive profile of CdLS is subjected to a worsening trend with decreasing Intellectual Quotient (IQ) scores from T0 to T1, whereas RSTS shows a stable IQ over time. Patients affected by RSTS show greater improvements compared to CdLS in communication, daily living skills, social abilities, and motor skills across the lifespan. Both syndromes report an upward trend in behavioral and emotional difficulties even if CdLS exhibit a significant and major deterioration compared to individuals with RSTS. Being aware of the early dysfunctional patterns which might pave the way for later neuropsychiatric impairments is the first step for planning preventive interventions.
Flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and large working range prepared from biaxially stretched carbon nanotubes/polyolefin elastomer nanocomposites
Authors: Xiang Dong , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Jiayi , Wu Yuanpeng , Zhao Chunxia , Li Hui , Li Zhenyu , Wang Li , Wang Ping , Li Yuntao , Wang Junjie
Published: November 2022

Flexible strain sensors are a new generation of flexible and stretchable electronic devices that attracted increasing attention due to their practical applications in many fields. However, maintaining a wide detectable strain range while improving the sensitivity of flexible strain sensors remains challenging. In this study, flexible strain sensors with a large working range based on biaxially stretched carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) nanocomposites were fabricated. Biaxial stretching was demonstrated to enhance the uniform dispersion and orientation of CNTs, thereby improving the performance of sensors. The optimal stretching ratios (SRs) of nanocomposites were investigated and the data revealed an increment in the sensitivity of sensors with SRs, while the working range first increased after biaxial stretching and decreased at higher SRs. Compared to the 9 wt% CNT/POE‐1.0 sensor with a gauge factor (GF) value of 2.37 and a detectable range of 0.5%–230%, the CNT/POE‐2.0 sensor exhibited an enhanced sensitivity (GF = 3935.12) coupled with a wider detectable range (0.5%–710%) and better stability. Besides, CNT/POE‐2.0 sensor also achieved the monitoring of head movements, mouth opening, facial expression, and physiological signals, showing a potential for use in wearable electronic products.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid‐chalcone hybrids as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors
Authors: Petrović Milena M. , Roschger Cornelia , Lang Kevin , Zierer Andreas , Mladenović Milan , Trifunović Snežana , Mandić Boris , Joksović Milan D.
Published: November 2022

Fourteen novel quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid‐chalcone hybrids were obtained via Claisen–Schmidt condensation and evaluated as potential human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) inhibitors. The ketone precursor 2 was synthesized by the Pfitzinger reaction and used for further derivatization at position 3 of the quinoline ring for the first time. Six compounds showed better hDHODH inhibitory activity than the reference drug leflunomide, with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.58 μM. The bioactive conformations of the compounds within hDHODH were resolved by means of molecular docking, revealing their tendency to occupy the narrow tunnel of hDHODH within the N‐terminus and to prevent ubiquinone as the second cofactor from easily approaching the flavin mononucleotide as a cofactor for the redox reaction within the redox site. The results of the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that 4d and 4h demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity against the A375 cell line, with IC50 values of 5.0 and 6.8 µM, respectively. The lipophilicity of the synthesized hybrids was obtained experimentally and expressed as logD7.4 values at physiologicalpH while the solubility assay was conducted to define physicochemical characteristics influencing the ADMET properties.
Recent updates on 1,2,3‐, 1,2,4‐, and 1,3,5‐triazine hybrids (2017–present): The anticancer activity, structure–activity relationships, and mechanisms of action
Authors: Dong Gaoli , Jiang Yingchun , Zhang Feng , Zhu Fengyun , Liu Junna , Xu Zhi
Published: November 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world, and the prevalence and mortality rates of cancer will continue to grow. Chemotherapeutics play a critical role in cancer therapy, but drug resistance and side effects are major hurdles to effective treatment, evoking an immediate need for the discovery of new anticancer agents. Triazines including 1,2,3‐, 1,2,4‐, and 1,3,5‐triazine have occupied a propitious place in drug design and development due to their excellent pharmacological profiles. Mechanistically, triazine derivatives could interfere with various signaling pathways to induce cancer cell death. Hence, triazine derivatives possess potential in vitro and in vivo efficacy against diverse cancers. In particular, triazine hybrids are able to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Moreover, several triazine hybrids such as brivanib (indole‐containing pyrrolo[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazine), gedatolisib (1,3,5‐triazine‐urea hybrid), and enasidenib (1,3,5‐triazine‐pyridine hybrid) have already been available in the market. Accordingly, triazine hybrids are useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel anticancer chemotherapeutics. This review focuses on the anticancer activity of 1,2,3‐, 1,2,4‐, and 1,3,5‐triazine hybrids, together with the structure–activity relationships and mechanisms of action developed from 2017 to the present. The enriched structure–activity relationships may be useful for further rational drug development of triazine hybrids as potential clinical candidates.
Event‐triggered synchronization for stochastic delayed neural networks: Passivity and passification case
Authors: Vadivel R. , Hammachukiattikul P. , Zhu Quanxin , Gunasekaran Nallappan
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the event‐triggered synchronization problem of stochastic neural networks under passivity and passification cases. For saving communication resources, an event‐triggered approach is engaged in the design of synchronization for the delayed stochastic neural networks. To decrease network trouble, an event‐triggered scheme is suggested between the sampler and communication network. A nonfragile event‐triggered controller is intended to guarantee the finite‐time stability of the subsequent closed‐loop system. By applying the Lyapunov–Krasovkii functional (LKF) and the novel integral inequalities, a stability criteria for an interval‐time varying delay error system ensure the designed controller can fulfill the necessities of passivity and passification performance. The desired control gain and event‐triggered parameters are then found based on the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, illustrative examples are given to show the benefits and validity of the desired control law.
Prenatal epigenetic factors are predisposing for neurodevelopmental disorders—Considering placenta as a model
Authors: Durbagula Srividhya , Korlimarla Aruna , Ravikumar Gayatri , Valiya Parambath Snijesh , Kaku Sowmyashree Mayur , Visweswariah Ashok Mysore
Published: November 2022

The heterogeneous characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have resulted in varied perspectives on their causation. The biology behind the phenotypic heterogeneity in NDDs is not yet well‐defined, but a strong genetic basis has become well accepted as causal for NDDs. Alongside this, there is growing focus on epigenetic mechanisms. The evidence mounting for in‐utero origins of NDDs has promoted research focused on epigenetic mechanisms that impact genes that program early brain development. Considering that placenta is a vital organ, this review emphasizes the prenatal factors and their effects on epigenetic changes influencing the normal functioning of the placenta, and factors mediating pathology in the developing fetus. Overall, it is an attempt to bring focus on the hypothesis that “Prenatal epigenetic factors in the placenta could be predisposing to NDDs (with special interest on autism spectrum disorders).” This review finds growing evidence for epigenetic modifications in the placenta that affect glucocorticoid, nutrient, and immune signaling pathways, eventually impacting fetal brain development. This evidence largely comes from animal models. Given the multicellular nature of placenta, we conclude that, there is a need for placental research focused on employing single‐cell approaches and genome‐wide methylation profiles to bring insights into specific molecular pathways in the placenta that regulate early brain development.
Older patients with COVID‐19 and neuropsychiatric conditions: A study of risk factors for mortality
Authors: Nguyen‐Michel Vi‐Huong , Houot Marion , Delorme Cécile , Sangaré Aude , Gales Ana , Frazzini Valerio , Hanin Aurélie , Aissani Djamal , Trân Thanh , Oquendo Bruno , Ketz Flora , Lafuente‐Lafuente Carmelo , Oasi Christel , Kinugawa Kiyoka , Ouvrard Gaëlle , Ursu Renata , Degos Bertrand , Rohaut Benjamin , Demeret Sophie , Lambrecq Virginie , Navarro Vincent , Fournier Emmanuel , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Borden Alaina
Published: November 2022

Background

Little is known about risk factors for mortality in older patients with COVID‐19 and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Methods

We conducted a multicentric retrospective observational study at Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris. We selected inpatients aged 70 years or older, with COVID‐19 and preexisting neuropsychiatric comorbidities and/or new neuropsychiatric manifestations. We examined demographics, comorbidities, functional status, and presentation including neuropsychiatric symptoms and disorders, as well as paraclinical data. Cox survival analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for mortality at 40 days after the first symptoms of COVID‐19.

Results

Out of 191 patients included (median age 80 [interquartile range 74–87]), 135 (71%) had neuropsychiatric comorbidities including cognitive impairment (39%), cerebrovascular disease (22%), Parkinsonism (6%), and brain tumors (6%). A total of 152 (79%) patients presented new‐onset neuropsychiatric manifestations including sensory symptoms (6%), motor deficit (11%), behavioral (18%) and cognitive (23%) disturbances, gait impairment (11%), and impaired consciousness (18%). The mortality rate at 40 days was 19.4%. A history of brain tumor or Parkinsonism or the occurrence of impaired consciousness were neurological factors associated with a higher risk of mortality. A lower Activities of Daily Living score (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.82), a neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥ 9.9 (HR 5.69, 95% CI 2.69–12.0), and thrombocytopenia (HR 5.70, 95% CI 2.75–11.8) independently increased the risk of mortality (all p < .001).

Conclusion

Understanding mortality risk factors in older inpatients with COVID‐19 and neuropsychiatric conditions may be helpful to neurologists and geriatricians who manage these patients in clinical practice.
Unique shape variations of hind and midfoot bones in flatfoot subjects—A statistical shape modeling approach
Authors: Fallon Verbruggen Ferdia , Killen Bryce A , Burssens Arne , Boey Hannelore , Vander Sloten Jos , Jonkers Ilse
Published: November 2022

Flatfoot deformity is a prevalent hind‐ and midfoot disorder. Given its complexity, single‐plane radiological measurements omit case‐specific joint interaction and bone shape variations. Three‐dimensional medical imaging assessment using statistical shape models provides a complete approach in characterizing bone shape variations unique to flatfoot condition. This study used statistical shape models to define specific bone shape variations of the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints that characterize flatfoot deformity, that differentiate them from healthy controls. Bones of the aforementioned joints were segmented from computed tomography scans of 40 feet. The three‐dimensional hindfoot alignment angle categorized the population into 18 flatfoot subjects (≥7° valgus) and 22 controls. Statistical shape models for each joint were defined using the entire study cohort. For each joint, an average weighted shape parameter was calculated for each mode of variation, and then compared between flatfoot and controls. Significance was set at p < 0.05, with values between 0.05 ≤ p < 0.1 considered trending towards significance. The flatfoot population showed a more adducted talar head, inferiorly inclined talar neck, and posteriorly orientated medial subtalar articulation compare to controls, coupled with more navicular eversion, shallower navicular cup, and more prominent navicular tuberosity. The calcaneocuboid joint presented trends of a more adducted calcaneus, more abducted cuboid, narrower calcaneal roof, and less prominent cuboid beak compared to controls. Statistical shape model analysis identified unique shape variations which may enhance understanding and computer‐aided models of the intricacies of flatfoot, leading to better diagnosis and, ultimately, surgical treatment.
Regulation of DNA‐PK activity promotes the progression of TNBC via enhancing the immunosuppressive function of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
Authors: Han Jiawen , Wan Minjie , Ma Zhanchuan , Yi Huanfa
Published: November 2022

Background

DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK) is engaged in DNA damage repair and is significantly expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Inhibiting DNA‐PK to reduce DNA damage repair provides a possibility of tumor treatment. NU7441, a DNA‐PK inhibitor, can regulate the function and differentiation of CD4+T cells and effectively enhance immunogenicity of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. However, the effect of NU7441 on the tumor progression activity of immunosuppressive myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in TNBC remains unclear.

Results

In this study, we found that NU7441 alone significantly increased tumor growth in 4 T1 (a mouse TNBC cell line) tumor‐bearing mice. Bioinformatics analysis showed that DNA‐PK and functional markers of MDSCs (iNOS, Arg1, and IDO) tended to coexist in breast cancer patients. The mutations of these genes were significantly correlated with lower survival in breast cancer patients. Moreover, NU7441 significantly decreased the percentage of MDSCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), spleen and tumor, but enhanced the immunosuppressive function of splenic MDSCs. Furthermore, NU7441 increased MDSCs' DNA‐PK and pDNA‐PK protein levels in PBMCs and in the spleen and increased DNA‐PK mRNA expression and expression of MDSCs functional markers in splenic MDSCs from tumor‐bearing mice. NU7441 combined with gemcitabine reduced tumor volume, which may be because gemcitabine eliminated the remaining MDSCs with enhanced immunosuppressive ability.

Conclusions

These findings highlight that the regulation of DNA‐PK activity by NU7441 promotes TNBC progression via enhancing the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Moreover, NU7441 combined with gemcitabine offers an efficient therapeutic approach for TNBC and merits deeper investigation.