bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Design for a Cloud Intrusion Detection System Using Hybrid Features Selection Approach with ML Classifier
Authors: K Mala . , S Navyashri .
Published: October 2024

The rapid adoption of cloud computing has introduced new security concerns, particularly regarding data privacy and protection from sophisticated cyberattacks. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) based on Machine Learning (ML) offer improved detection of malicious behaviour in network traffic. However, existing IDS solutions struggle with large-dimensional data and imbalanced datasets, resulting in higher false positive rates (FPR) and reduced detection rates (DR). In this paper, we propose an improved Cloud IDS leveraging a hybrid features selection approach using Information Gain (IG), Chi-square (CS), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). To address the challenge of imbalanced datasets, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is employed. The Random Forest (RF) classifier is used to detect and classify attacks. The system is evaluated on the UNSW-NB15 and Kyoto datasets, achieving accuracies of over 98% and 99%, respectively, outperforming other methods in terms of detection accuracy.
Product- and source-oriented generalizations regulate affix distribution in Polish locative adjectives: A corpus-based analysis
Authors: Czaplicki Bartłomiej
Published: October 2024

A large-scale corpus-based analysis of affix distribution in Polish locative adjectives provides evidence for (i) a selectional restriction formalized as a product-oriented schema, (ii) selectional restrictions formalized as source-oriented schemas, (iii) distinct native and foreign subgrammars, (iv) phonological arbitrariness of the patterns and (v) non-uniformity of outputs. A selectional restriction, which takes the form of a product-oriented segmental requirement, regulates the distribution of the available affixes. Bases that contain a final sonorant form locative adjectives using a different morphological composition than bases that do not contain a final sonorant. As a result of the application of the product-oriented schema, locative adjectives comply with the requirement irrespective of the segmental structure of their bases. Certain consonants in the input show an idiosyncratic affinity for particular affixes. Crucially, the required generalizations refer to segmental material that is absent from the output but present in the input, which must be captured by source-oriented schemas. Further, it is shown that the preferences in affix selection are different for foreign words than for native words, supporting the view that the grammar is composed of two subgrammars with different properties. Affix distribution shows a degree of phonological arbitrariness in two senses: it does not always result in phonological optimization and the segments or groups of segments that condition it often do not form phonetically natural classes. The non-uniformity of outputs is derived using a model that assumes probabilistic weighting of competing generalizations.
Raw acoustic vs. normalized phonetic convergence: Imitation of the Northern Cities Shift in the American Midwest
Authors: Clopper Cynthia G , Dossey Ellen , Gonzalez Roberto
Published: October 2024

Word shadowing tasks elicit phonetic convergence to the stimulus model talkers, suggesting a tight perception-production link. The magnitude of this convergence is affected by linguistic and social factors, suggesting that the perception-production link is mediated by higher-level phonological and social structures. The current study explored the nature of the perception-production link in an explicit comparison of raw acoustic vs. normalized phonetic convergence in word shadowing. American Midwestern participants repeated words after a model talker with features of the Northern Cities Shift vowels in one of three instruction conditions, which varied in whether participants were primed with the regional background of the model talker and in whether they were asked explicitly to imitate her. The results revealed normalized phonetic convergence to the model talker’s Northern Cities Shift vowels, even when this convergence entailed divergence from the raw acoustics, and token-by-token variability in her productions, consistent with a tight perception-production link that is mediated by linguistic structure. Modest effects of instruction condition on the magnitude of phonetic convergence were also observed, consistent with social information mediating this perception-production link. The results of this study provide converging evidence for phonetic convergence that is both phonetically-detailed and subject to constraint by higher-level representations.
Competence Potential in Assessing the Effectiveness of Regional Management
Authors:   Belgorod  State  National  Research  University, Zakharov Viktor M. , Germanova Olesya V. ,   Belgorod  State  National  Research  University
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The paper looks at the relevant issues related to the structure of the public service competence potential. The raised requirements addressing the quality and competence of public civil personnel, the establishment of direct and indirect relations between the regional authority efficiency and professionalism of the management, as well as quick evolution of modern forms in professionalization demand one to apply new approaches to assess competence of civil servants. Aims. The paper serves to propose a structural model for the competence potential of the personnel from the regional administrations, to verify the basic elements of the proposed model through carrying out a survey among the leaders of the state and municipal managing bodies in the issue of professional development and through expert survey in a number of subject in the Central Federal District (Belgorod, Kursk, Oryol, Bryansk and Lipetsk Regions). Methods. The methods of theoretical research (systems analysis, coming from the abstract to the real, idealization, etc.), as well as the methods of empirical research (survey, comparison, method of expert estimation) are applied in the research.Results. A set of notions connected with a category “personnel potential” is looked at. Structural model of competence potential of regional administration bodies is developed. The content of the competence potential is empirically identified, and the factors with their impact of the effectiveness of regional management are defined. A solution to the problem of aggregating the competence potentials in regional management through applying the cumulative technology and computer-based assessment is justified and proposed. Conclusion. Success and effectiveness of regional governance depend, to a large extent, on the use and development of competence potential of regional authorities. The analysis showed that to raise the efficiency of regional governance one requires the development of renovation system to reproduce the professional capacity of state and municipal employees.
Implementation of One of G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance – Stakeholders’ Role (Toyota Case Study)
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Shashkova Anna V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The present paper considers the implementation of one of the six G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance – the role of stakeholders in the management of a corporation. Stakeholders refer to a large group of different involved people of a corporation. The author does not deny the role of other stake-holders in the management of the corporation, but the Toyota Motor Corporation case shows the importance to focus on the role of stakeholders in the management of a corporation. Aims. The paper serves to identify some positive examples of practical imple-mentation of one of six G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance – the role of stakeholders in the corporation management. Methods. The following methods are applied in the research: dialectical cogni-tion of socio-political, legal and organizational processes with its principles of devel-opment, integrity, system; systems analysis; historical method; special methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal approaches.Results. The problem of the stakeholders’ role in the management of Toyota Motor Corporation is analyzed from historical point of view with application of the historical method and of the analysis object method. Conclusion. The author makes a general conclusion on the example of practical interaction between workers of Toyota Motor Corporation and management of the corporation. The idea of workers’ participation in the management of the corpo-ration has lead Toyota Motor Corporation into the level of prosperous innovative corporations. The analyses of the present experience makes it possible to understand the practical use of G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. The example of Toyota Motor Corporation confirms the practicability of G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, in particular one of them – the stakeholders’ role in the management of a corporation – to increase the corporation’sefficiency. The example of Toyota Motor Corporation confirms the practicability of G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, in particular one of them – role of interested parties in the management of a corporation – for increasing the efficiency of the corporation.
Population distribution based on demographic forecasting of metropolis (case of Yekaterinburg)
Authors:   Institute of Economics, the Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozlova Olga A. ,   The Ural State University of Economics, Makarova Maria N. ,   Institute of Economics, the Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the issues of organizing the population distribution of Yekaterinburg that is closely related with substantiation of social infrastructure standards.Aims. The aim of the paper is to create the methodical tools to forecast the population number and structure in the living districts of the metropolis and to substantiate the areas of social infrastructure standards depending on the current and future demographic trends. The following methods were used: general scientific methods: comparative analysis; demographic forecasting methods: cohort-component method, extrapolation, experts’ values; statistical methods.Results. The authors analyzed the current demographic trends and estimated the future population number and population structure for 66 living districts of Yekaterinburg. Based on the demographic forecasting, the authors defined two types of living districts according to population growth rates and population structure transformation. Taking into account additional criteria of current and future population density, they also substantiated two areas of social infrastructure standards.Conclusion. The authors built the trends of population number and population sex-age structure of living districts in Yekaterinburg. This forecast formed the basis of the methodical tools to define the special areas of living districts according to the dynamics of population age structure, population growth rates and population density. Zoning of these areas helped to suggest the Administration of Yekaterinburg to formulate the prospective ways of social structure development and to elaborate some measures to improve the quality of metropolis surroundings.
The conditions of forming coordinative trilingualism basics when teaching two foreign languages
Authors:   Linguistics University of Nizhny Novgorod, Porshneva Elena R. , Leshkanova Elena O. ,   Linguistics University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the problem of the formation of coordinate trilingualism basics – the type of proficiency in three languages (native and two foreign ones), when their systems coexist in the individual’s mind in parallel, and interlanguage mixing is minimized, and, as a result, the speech in three languages is correct. Based on the research of Russian and foreign scientists on the peculiarities of trilingualism thinking, the authors confirm that the formation of artificial (educational) trilingualism when teaching two foreign languages in educational institutions, in particular at universities, requires a special approach. Considering that the native language has a significant impact on the process of learning foreign languages, and the study of a second foreign language proceeds under the influence of the previously studied first foreign language, the authors focus on a consciously comparative method of co-learning languages, which minimizes negative interlanguage interference that causes errors in speech and strengthens positive interlanguage interference that simplifies language acquisition based on the constant comparison of the phenomena of the native and studied foreign languages on the lexical, morphological, and syntactic levels. According to the authors, a special role in the formation of the foundations of coordinate trilingualism is played by the development of such mechanisms of students’ speech activity as the mechanism of installation, the mechanism of interlanguage comparison, the mechanism of association, and the mechanism of interlanguage transfer. The installation mechanism allows one to rely on information already existing in the individual’s mind about the subject and transfer this experience to the development of new material. Constant comparison of the phenomena of native and studied foreign languages at the lexical, morphological, syntactic levels allows one to see the similarities and differences between the phenomena of the native and studied foreign languages. Association, in turn, helps to create connections between phenomena and see analogies with what is already known when learning something new. Interlingual transfer promotes the use of skills developed in the native language when mastering other languages. The theoretical understanding of the problem and the analysis of the results of the experimental training made it possible to determine the necessary conditions for the formation of coordinate trilingualism basics in the process of mastering foreign languages. This is, first of all, a constant comparison of phenomena of native and studied foreign cultures at various levels, comparison of concepts (meanings) of native and foreign languages, systematic work on interlingual interference through special exercises aimed at developing the above-mentioned speech mechanisms, in practical classes in foreign languages.
Royal carters about the development of Siberia as legal acts of the colonial policy of the Russian state in the 16th–17th centuries
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Khokhlov Evgeniy B. , Demidov Nikolay V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The authors examined an array of legal acts of the rulers of the Russian state that regulated the development of Siberia in the 16th–17th centuries. The subject of the study was letters, decrees, and memories. Using specific historical and legal material, the authors aimed to compare the colonization policy of the states of Europe in the modern era with the organization of the Russian settlement of Siberia. As a result of the study, similar features were identified in the significant coincidence of the goals of colonization – developing natural resources, expanding the tax base of the metropolis, obtaining new markets, ensuring security at the borders of the state, getting rid of marginal social elements, spreading state ideology. The unique qualities of the Russian colonization of Siberia include, first of all, the stateoriented process of political and economic development of Siberian lands, the prevalence of service people instead of the civilian population among the pioneers, and the early formation of complex economic and administrative infrastructure in the annexed lands. The study of royal acts of the 16th and 17th centuries shows that the central government in Moscow was interested in not only receiving taxes from the population of Siberia. Specific legal acts show that the measures of the supreme power also included an active resettlement policy, the development of the territory for arable land, the search for minerals and the opening of industrial enterprises for their processing, the construction of cities, the equipment of communications (trade routes, customs, mail), the establishment of law and order. The Russian development of Siberia was characterized by the hegemony of the central government both in organizing colonization activities and in extracting benefits from them. The vertically oriented Russian state developed the Siberian lands precisely as a treasury resource, strictly controlled by the government politically and economically. The tsar personally took an active part in the governance of Siberia; all important matters were decided only with his knowledge. Over time, under his direct leadership, a public administration system for implementing integration policy measures was formed. The authors identified both direct state regulation and indirect regulation, carried out formally by private entities (commercial corporations, merchant families), as a means of colonial expansion in Siberia. It is concluded that the consistent systematic development of Siberian territories ensured the victory of the Russian state in the competition with other states. The above theses are supported by more than 70 specific legal acts of the rulers of the Russian state of the 16th–17th centuries, some of them are cited in the work.
Peculiarities of subject reference in Russian proverbs with third-person forms
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Pervunina Svetlana I.
Published: October 2024

The article investigates the peculiarities of subject reference in Russian proverbs with third-person forms. The aim of the research is to identify the referential mechanisms of generalisation of the subjects who act in proverbs. The main source of empirical material is Russian proverbs from V.I. Dal’s collection (over 1,500 proverbs). The research methodology is based on A.V. Bondarko’s theory of categorical situations and the theory of reference by E.V. Paducheva, T.V. Bulygina and A.D. Shmelev. The study considered the ranking of subject statuses and the means of their transmission; the correlation between referential classes of nouns (qualitative, functional, relational) and their semantic groups (by occupation, personality, etc.); referential transit (transition from one class to another). The main generalisation mechanisms have been identified in proverbs as follows: genre frame, common nouns and noun groups with the meaning of person; specific means of generalisation (proper names, personal pronouns, null subject); and figurative use of names (zoonyms, artifacts, and anthroponyms). Each of these types has demonstrated the ability to vary the degree of subject reference, thus narrowing or expanding its scope. The highest, generalised level of reference is retained in those proverbs where subjects are expressed by quantifier pronouns, including in combination with the lexical unit human. In other cases, subjects implement the generic type of reference with the option of increasing or decreasing the level of reference. A special type of reference, i.e. conditionally referential, has been considered, which is implemented by zoonyms and artifacts, as well as by anthroponyms in figurative use. It has been noticed that high combinability of third-person verb forms with various means of expressing the subjects in proverbs predetermines their substantial referential potential. Stable relations between semantic groups of nouns and referential classes (qualitative class: external and internal characteristics of a person, gender, age, ethnicity, etc.; functional class: naming units according to activity; relational class: according to the relations) have been determined. Conditionally referential naming units (zoonyms and artifacts) correlate with qualitative and relational classes. In general, all classes include their respective semantic groups, but referential transits have been recorded. The qualitative name class turned out to be the most stable one: only internal transit, in which the semantic group of nouns changes, has been detected. The rest of the classes showed a tendency to external transit: functional and relational classes may perform referential transit to the qualitative class; and functional names may transit to the relational class. Thus, proverbs with third-person forms represent a range of referential statuses of subjects.
Political power in Iran: Features of informal groups’ influence
Authors:   Institute for Social and Cultural Studies of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jabbarinasir Hasan Reza
Published: October 2024

The article studies the features of informal groups’ influence on power relations shaping in Iran. Based on the theory of interest group, the author analyzes the resources of influence of the five most powerful interest groups – the Shiite clergy, marketeers, religious bureaucracy, children of political and religious elite, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The traditional pivotal place of religion in Iranian society renders an influential position to the clergy. The presence of an ideological base, institutional support, material independence from the state throughout history, and closeness to the people are the factors that allow the clergy, often from outside the official system of government, to exert significant influence on its dynamics. The merchant class (bazaari) has historically been an ally of the clergy, together with whom it has repeatedly opposed political and economic decisions of Iranian authorities. This symbiosis is pragmatic: the clergy receives material resources from marketeers, who by supporting the clergy can count on its influence in promoting favorable agendas for them at the highest level. The author has established that the official state bureaucracy in Iran is under the influence of a parallel religious bureaucracy that appeared after the Islamic Revolution for religious and ideological monitoring in state structures. Due to the long coexistence and the general context of Iran’s political culture, in which family ties play an important role in gaining access to power interests, both lines of the country’s bureaucracy today seem entangled. Social capital is also a key resource for the children of Iran’s religious and political elite (aghazadegan). This actor of Iranian politics evolved as an interest group of high-ranking officials’ children whose parents were legally barred from doing business. As a result, a group of interests has emerged that controls large economic resources in Iran and creates potential challenges for the political and ideological foundations of the current regime. Unlike the previous four interest groups, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is a purely state structure, which is becoming an informal actor in Iranian politics due to the growing political ambitions. Legally, the Corps should not engage in politics, but, in fact, the military mobilization potential, large-scale economic activity and wide representation of loyal people in all structures of supreme power in Iran make it one of the key actors in Iranian politics. Based on the conducted study, the author concludes that the political life of Iran is difficult to understand only by studying the activities of official structures. There are other actors who, despite legislative restrictions on their powers or scope of activity, are actively involved in shaping the domestic political agenda in Iran.
A historian in the space of interdisciplinarity: Students’ perspective
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Dutchak Elena E. , Boldovskaya Tatyana E. ,   Tomsk State University; Omsk State Technical University
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of a pilot study of research priorities and professional preferences of undergraduate history students at three Siberian classical universities (Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk). As an analytical framework for the study, we chose (a) the processes of reformatting socio-humanitarian knowledge and expanding areas of cooperation between historians and representatives of different disciplines; (b) the generational approach as a new direction for historical science in studying the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of corporate cultures and identities. The data were collected by a questionnaire. To analyze the data from 165 respondents, a specialized application package IBM SPSS StatisticsBase and methods of mathematical statistics were used (descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests, one-way analysis of variance, correlation and factor analysis). The results of the study are described in two sections. The first section shows that the growing interest in the research activities of historians of the zoomer generation is not accompanied by an expansion of partner disciplines and, for example, interaction with IT is on the periphery of their preferences. The data analysis revealed differences between junior and senior students in their image of a “collective project” due to the distance learning format widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic, and gave the assumption on the continuing influence of the “Soviet scientific component” in the university socialization of historians. The second section presents students’ understanding of the connection between “society” and a “historian”, which is characterized by the majority of respondents as limiting their personal employment opportunities in the Siberian region and beyond. This allows us to state the high interest of students in acquiring research and social competencies through participation in interdisciplinary projects and explain the reasons for the discrepancies between their expectations and the actual practices of implementing such scientific interactions. In conclusion, the prospects for the participation of history students in projects to create online resources of a humanitarian nature are characterized, and a typology of groups focused on experimental, programmatic and situational interdisciplinary cooperation is presented.
Intraregional and interregional migration of Siberian population: Comparison of Irkutsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, and Krasnoyarsk Krai
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Bryazgina Diana E. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Smetanin Fyodor A. ,   Irkutsk State University; National Research Tomsk State University; Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Voloshin Andrey A. ,   Irkutsk State University, Samarin Andrey S. ,   Irkutsk State University; Siberian Federal University
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the analysis of intraregional migration processes in Tomsk and Irkutsk Oblasts and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The aim of the article is the observation of trends and consequences of the interregional and intraregional migration processes in three Siberian territories. The basis of this study is the migration statistic data in Irkutsk and Tomsk Oblasts and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The authors use data that were both published in open access and obtained on individual request from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). Migration statistics was analyzed by means of authors’ statistic calculations and visualization of these data by mapping the information. The migration situation in the Siberian regions is analyzed in the following steps: comparison of indicators and coefficients of migration growth/loss of interregional movements to identify the most and least intensive and productive migration connections of the regions; comparison of the coefficients of migration growth/loss of intraregional migrations to identify the main migration trends – donor-territories and recipient-territories within the regions; comparison of indicators and coefficients of migration intensity to identify the territories of the region with the most and least movable population. The data of intraregional migrations are the basis for the mapping of these processes. The comparison of data on interregional and intraregional migration in relation to the identification of centers of attraction and migration donors on a regional scale allowed identifying common patterns and regional specifics of these processes, as well as key migration trends and territories that are most actively involved in migration exchange. These approaches ensured the comparison of migration situation in three regions. The authors ascertain trends of sustainable population outflow from rural areas to large cities and concentration of intraregional migrants in cities of regional or district administration. Taking into account the movement of people to the central and southern regions of the country, described through the western shift concept, presumably, the intraregional migration trends that repeat directions of interregional migration flows can create extra conditions for negative migration processes in these regions. The results of the study allowed formulating a hypothesis about the correlation of the role of interregional and intraregional migration for the social and demographic development of Tomsk and Irkutsk Oblasts and Krasnoyarsk Krai.
From "rational framework" to Nomos: The evolution of Friedrich Hayek’s legal thought
Authors:   HSE University, Raab Ruslan S.
Published: October 2024

Despite Friedrich Hayek’s significant role in the development of modern social sciences, scholars still debate over the nature of his legal ideas. The key reason for this lack of certainty seems to be Hayek’s highly unusual intellectual development in the sphere of legal thought. Starting with quite a standard liberal-positivist view on jurisprudence, the scientist, as he studied legal issues more closely, came to a rather conservative view of law, opposite to the very essence of legal positivism. How did Hayek, who had been deeply influenced by “civil law positivism” during his student’s years at the University of Vienna, at a relatively mature age, when people are not supposed to change established views, come to radically different legal ideas? The answer to this question is not only interesting, but also instructive. After all, it was during the late period, parallel to the formation of conservative legal ideas, that Hayek formulated his most progressive ideas on the constitutional reform and denationalization of money. To understand these and other ideas of the “late” Hayek, we need to study the intellectual tendencies which demonstrate their most vivid expression in the radical evolution of his legal views. By reconstructing this evolution, based on Hayek’s diverse works (starting with articles on socialism of the 1930s and ending with fundamental works on jurisprudence and social theory from the 1970s to the 1980s), we conclude that Hayek went through the three stages of intellectual development as a legal scholar. The first stage was “liberal positivism”, marked by faith in legislation and distrust in judicial law-making. This stage was replaced by the next stage, the “reflections of natural law” stage, during which Hayek questioned the self-sufficiency of state legislation and tried to find a more fundamental basis for law in the natural law doctrines. After failing to find such a basis in natural law, Hayek rejected both positivism and natural law, and tried to explain law through the prism of his theory of social cognition – epistemology of critical rationalism. The result of this attempt was a somewhat peculiar view of law that we can describe as “private property conservatism”. Although this “private property conservatism” sees law as a system of spontaneously developed customs and precedents of private law, the source of this “old-fashioned” view is not ideology or aesthetics, but epistemology of critical rationalism that “technically” denies the very possibility of large-scale rational invention of a legal system. The recognition of this impossibility, due to the development of Hayek’s epistemological ideas, makes it possible to explain the nature of his intellectual evolution as a jurist, as well as to clarify the essence of his “later” legal ideas.
Bullfighting as a cultural manifestation of the citizens of the Cajamarca region
Authors: Mego Tarrillo Michael
Published: October 2024

In this research we seek to determine whether the practice of bullfighting is maintained in the Cajamarca region; and, in turn, whether those who practice it see it as part of their cultural expressions or not. It is necessary to determine this as an empirical basis for the debate on the constitutionality of protecting or prohibiting bullfighting in Perú. Establishing whether the prohibition of bullfighting in Peru is constitutional or not requires previously clarifying whether, in this specific society, this practice persists as a cultural manifestation. For this reason, it has become essential to carry out a survey on Cajamarca citizens and an interview with specialists in bullfighting. From this, we have been able to conclude that the practice of bullfighting or bullfighting shows continues to be carried out by the citizens of Cajamarca, on a regular basis, as part of their cultural expressions.
The association of plasma homocysteine levels with short-term mortality in sepsis patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Xinxing , Yuan Xueyan , Chao Yali , Wu Xiao , Liu Airan
Published: October 2024

The association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and short-term mortality in sepsis patients remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify this potential relationship. Following PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane Handbook guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to June 24, 2024. We included cohort studies that assessed the association between plasma Hcy levels and all-cause mortality in adult sepsis patients. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model to account for potential heterogeneity. Nine cohort studies involving 771 sepsis patients were included. Overall, no significant difference in plasma Hcy levels was observed between survivors and non-survivors (SMD: -0.23, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.37, P = 0.45), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 86%). Subgroup analysis revealed lower plasma Hcy levels among survivors in Chinese patients (SMD: -1.56, 95% CI: -1.98 to -1.13, P < 0.001) but not in non-Asian patients. Plasma Hcy levels were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (OR per 1-unit increment: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.11, P = 0.51), with notable heterogeneity (I² = 72%). However, a significant association was found in Chinese patients (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.15, P = 0.003), but not in non-Asian patients. In conclusion, plasma Hcy levels were not generally associated with short-term mortality in sepsis patients. However, significant associations were observed in Chinese patients, suggesting potential ethnic differences that warrant further investigation.
Zombies, or The Triumph of the Collective Will
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES), Titkov Aleksei
Published: October 2024

Sociological texts on zombies are mostly interested in human problems (capitalism, pop culture, etc), not in zombies as such. Zombies as a specific form of (non) life remain a blindspot for sociologists. Scientists of other disciplines, like epidemiology and neurosciences, have already declared their ways for studying zombies. Our task is to outline the concepts and hypotheses that sociology could contribute to this emerging interdisciplinary project. The main focus is on the social organization of zombies in relation to the observed features of their behavior. One of the key questions (without a satisfactory answer) of the future sociology of zombies was formulated by the neuroscientists Timothy Verstynen and Bradley Voytek: why single zombies look dumb and clumsy, while big groups of zombies act like a well-coordinated formidable force? In search of a basis for understanding zombies, the essay turns to the classical ideas of sociology (Georg Simmel, Émile Durkheim, Gabriel Tarde) and to the later anthropological insights of Mary Douglas, Victor Turner and René Girard. A sociological approach to zombies makes it possible to describe them not as a pathology, but as a special way of organizing a collective (non)life that can successfully compete with the human one.
Durkheim, Social Egoism, and Cleaning up Elephant Shit, or Why “Living Without a High Is No Fun”
Authors:   Tel Aviv University (TAU), Presnyakov Ilya ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

This text is neither about Émile Durkheim nor about the movie. It is a small exercise to demonstrate how a local sociological theory can be applied to analyze a certain work of fiction. To do this, we examine one theoretical tension contained within the French sociologist’s ideas about the nature of human egoism. The reference to the movie Babylon (2022) is therefore no more than illustrative. Nevertheless, it allows us to vividly describe the ideal-typical characteristics of “egoistic” suicide.
Fantasy Conditioning Techniques and Euphemization Strategies of Soviet Bureaucracy After the Chernobyl Accident: Sarcophagi, Plays, Conclusions and Reports
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES), Kozlov Stepan ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the reaction of the bureaucratic structures of the Soviet Union to Vladimir Gubarev’s play Sarcophagus, published shortly after the Chernobyl accident. The author examines how bureaucratic mechanisms interpret works of art as potential threats to the social order. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social crises, the article explores works of state symbolic violence, its role in shaping the perception of objects of the world by various agents, and the techniques that are used by the state apparatus to tame fantasy and restore the boundaries between different social fields.
What Are the Differences in Perception of Gender Disparities in Academia? A Survey of Academics from Russia
Authors: Pilkina Marina
Published: October 2024

This study examines the perception of gender issues in academia in the Russian context. Specifically, the paper aims to reveal the criteria due to which academics might perceive gender-related problems in academia in different ways. The research was conducted among 901 men and women academics with Russian affiliation. The survey was presented as a 20-item anonymous online questionnaire with five major blocks, covering up various gender-related topics. By surveying men and women academics from the Russian academic environment, it reveals that most academics, in their perception, had never experienced gender inequality in the current workplaces. However, for those with such experience, the share of all given gender disparities women academics has ever encountered during their academic career is higher compared to men. The most common gender disparities, namely low chances for career promotion and barriers from rising to senior-level positions reflect career promotion gaps relevant for both men and women academics. The results also demonstrate that gender inequality is mostly not considered as a problem of academic environment but rather a social issue. In particular, most men academics and, to a lesser extent, women academics strongly disagree with considering gender inequality as the academic problem. The paper provides an example for addressing gender disparities issues for men and women academics and assessing perception of gender inequality and, conversely, equality.
Does Students’ Socioeconomic Status Moderate the Relationship between Growth Mindset and Learning Achievement: Evidence from PISA 2018 for Kazakhstan
Authors: Smanova Nazym , Smanova Gulmira
Published: October 2024

Multiple studies demonstrate a positive association between having a growth mindset and learning achievement. However, recent research reveals that several aspects might moderate this relationship, such as psychological factors, the socioeconomic background of families, sense of belonging to school community, or school characteristics. The present study examines how socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the relationship between growth mindset and academic performance in reading drawing on a nationally representative sample of Kazakhstani students from the PISA 2018 database. The findings suggest that the socioeconomic status of students is a significant moderator in the relationship between growth mindset and learning achievement. The results show that beliefs about growth mindset account for higher learning achievement among both high and low-SES students in Kazakhstan. The last section discusses the policy implications these results have for Kazakhstan.
EDUCAÇÃO EM AGROECOLOGIA NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Correia Maria da Conceição Araújo , Lira Kalline Flávia Silva de , Cavalcante Nádja Shirlley de Andrade , Santos Morgana Mateus , Santos Clérison Albanizio Pio , Cândido Patricia Porfirio Vilar , Santos Francielle Rodrigues , Santos Lucas Barbosa dos
Published: October 2024

Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever como os princípios da agroecologia estão sendo aplicados na educação básica. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática integrativa da literatura nos últimos cinco anos. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados: SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os descritores “Agroecologia, educação básica, sustentabilidade, educação ambiental” como estratégia de busca, a partir do oporador boleano “and”. A amostra foi composta por nove estudos, que em sua maioria ocorreram na Região Nordeste do Brasil. O ano com maior número de estudos foi 2021, com três artigos. A agroecologia na educação básica tem sido explorada por meio de diversas abordagens para integrá-la ao contexto educacional e à vida social cotidiana. Este estudo destaca a implementação de hortas escolares, ampliando essa prática para os lares dos alunos e suas famílias. Além disso, foram enfatizadas estratégias educativas lúdicas, como jogos de tabuleiro, maquetes, cartilhas, jogos de memória, quebra- cabeças e damas, entre outros. Para eficácia na implementação na escola, é essencial adaptar as atividades às rotinas dos alunos, pais e familiares, utilizando formatos flexíveis como palestras, em sala de aulas, hortas e atividades práticas de campo, além de plataformas digitais como o YouTube.
ANÁLISE FITOQUÍMICA QUALITATIVA E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA DE Libidibia ferrea CONTRA A ESPÉCIE DE FUNGO Candida albicans
Authors: Salgado Sophia Natasha Ferreira , Quaresma Cyanne Anastácia Seabra , Diniz Marcelly Christine de Souza , Lameira Osmar Alves , Lameira Christian Neri
Published: October 2024

Libidibia ferrea é uma planta medicinal utilizada para tratar diversas enfermidades, como doenças inflamatórias, febre e problemas gastrointestinais, além de possuir propriedades antimicrobianas. Nesta pesquisa, foram realizadas análises com os frutos da espécie para identificar os metabólitos secundários presentes no extrato hidroalcoólico obtidos por maceração e remaceração, bem como determinar sua atividade fungicida contra Candida albicans. Os frutos de Libidibia ferrea foram coletados, triturados e submersos em álcool 70% por 7 dias, após este período foi realizada a filtração para obtenção do extrato hidroalcoólico (macerado). Para obtenção do remacerado, foram adicionados ao resíduo, 50% do valor inicial do líquido extrator, com posterior filtração após 24h. O processo foi realizado durante 10 dias. Para a análise fitoquímica, seguiram-se as diretrizes estabelecidas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Na avaliação antifúngica, foram utilizadas concentrações de 0% (controle), 2,5%, 5%, 10% e 20%, além de um controle positivo com cetoconazol a 50 μg/mL. Os resultados mostraram que os extratos continham taninos e saponinas, entretanto somente no remacerado foi identificado a presença de glicosídeos e alcaloides. Na avaliação da atividade antifúngica, os discos com diferentes concentrações da espécie não apresentaram halo de inibição com diâmetro igual ou superior a 10 mm. Assim, os dados indicam que a espécie não demonstrou atividade contra Candida albicans, o que pode estar relacionado aos metabólitos encontrados e às características específicas da espécie.
EPISTEMOLOGÍA FEMINISTA
Authors: Serratine Grubba Leilane , Santa Catarina de Souza Thabata , Raíssa Diss Vitória
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de la investigación es proponer una crítica de la lógica universalista y objetivista vinculada a la investigación en Derecho, a partir de estudios en epistemología feminista. Se parte del siguiente problema: ¿cuál es la importancia de tener una apertura epistemológica en el campo de la producción del conocimiento científico del Derecho, para que abarque cuestiones localizadas, de género y feministas? Metodológicamente, se realizará una investigación bibliográfica cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre la epistemología feminista en Brasil. En la segunda etapa se discutirá la importancia de la epistemología feminista en el campo del derecho y se intentará dar respuesta a las hipótesis. La investigación contribuye al campo al presentar una discusión aún incipiente en Brasil, principalmente en relación al conocimiento jurídico.
Challenging Democracy: Understanding How the Ideas of Populists and Disenchanted Citizens Align
Authors: Heinisch Reinhard , Mazzoleni Oscar
Published: October 2024

This thematic issue proceeds from the idea that, despite extensive research, we do not know enough about the alternatives to representative party democracy that people disenchanted with democracy and populists envision apart from greater citizen involvement. Citizens’ potential preferences seem to range from stealth democracy and decision-making by apolitical experts to deliberative mechanisms and referenda. The picture is equally blurred when it comes to the views of populist actors themselves. Research suggests that their calls for referendums diminish over time and that they reject deliberative bodies outright. This thematic issue reassesses our understanding of the extent to which populists’ and citizens’ ideas and the alternatives they propose coincide and argues for a wider dissemination of relevant research that explores these shortcomings. The articles presented explore these points by featuring conceptually and/or methodologically innovative contributions that address issues such as the mismatch between populists and citizens in terms of democratic alternatives, (dis)satisfaction with populist parties in public office, the preferences of distinct subgroups as well as the role of political emotions among populist party supporters.