bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Sleep Maintains Endurance Performance Better than Normal or Restricted Sleep
Authors: ROBERTS SPENCER S. H. , TEO WEI-PENG , AISBETT BRAD , WARMINGTON STUART A.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The cumulative influence of sleep time on endurance performance remains unclear. This study examined the effects of three consecutive nights of both sleep extension (SE) and sleep restriction (SR) on endurance cycling performance.

Methods

Endurance cyclists/triathletes (n = 9) completed a counterbalanced crossover experiment with three conditions: SR, normal sleep (NS), and SE. Each condition comprised seven days/nights of data collection (−2, −1, D1, D2, D3, D4, and +1). Sleep was monitored using actigraphy throughout. Participants completed testing sessions on days D1–D4 that included an endurance time-trial (TT), mood, and psychomotor vigilance assessment. Perceived exertion (RPE) was monitored throughout each TT. Participants slept habitually before D1; however, time in bed was reduced by 30% (SR), remained normal (NS), or extended by 30% (SE) on nights D1, D2, and D3. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

Results

On nights D1, D2, and D3, total sleep time was longer (P < 0.001) in the SE condition (8.6 ± 1.0, 8.3 ± 0.6, and 8.2 ± 0.6 h, respectively) and shorter (P < 0.001) in the SR condition (4.7 ± 0.8, 4.8 ± 0.8, and 4.9 ± 0.4 h) compared with NS (7.1 ± 0.8, 6.5 ± 1.0, and 6.9 ± 0.7 h). Compared with NS, TT performance was slower (P < 0.02) on D3 of SR (58.8 ± 2.5 vs 60.4 ± 3.7 min) and faster (P < 0.02) on D4 of SE (58.7 ± 3.4 vs 56.8 ± 3.1 min). RPE was not different between or within conditions. Compared with NS, mood disturbance was higher, and psychomotor vigilance impaired, after SR. Compared with NS, psychomotor vigilance improved after SE.

Conclusion

Sleep extension for three nights led to better maintenance of endurance performance compared with normal and restricted sleep. Sleep restriction impaired performance. Cumulative sleep time affects performance by altering the perceived exertion of a given exercise intensity. Endurance athletes should sleep >8 h per night to optimize performance.
Cytokine and Sclerostin Response to High-Intensity Interval Running versus Cycling
Authors: KOUVELIOTI ROZALIA , KURGAN NIGEL , FALK BAREKET , WARD WENDY E. , JOSSE ANDREA R. , KLENTROU PANAGIOTA
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study examined whether the exercise-induced changes in inflammatory cytokines differ between impact and no-impact high-intensity interval exercise, and whether they are associated with postexercise changes in sclerostin.

Methods

Thirty-eight females (n = 19, 22.6 ± 2.7 yr) and males (n = 19, 22.3 ± 2.4 yr) performed two high-intensity interval exercise trials in random order (crossover design): running on a treadmill and cycling on a cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight repetitions of 1 min running or cycling at ≥90% maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood was collected preexercise and 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h postexercise, and it was analyzed for serum levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and sclerostin.

Results

Inflammatory cytokines significantly increased over time in both sexes with some differences between trials. Specifically, IL-1β significantly increased from pre- to 5 min after both trials (23%, P < 0.05), IL-6 increased 1 h after both trials (39%, P < 0.05), IL-10 was elevated 5 min after running (20%, P < 0.05) and 1 h after both running and cycling (41% and 64%, respectively, P < 0.05), and TNF-α increased 5 min after running (10%, P < 0.05). Sclerostin increased 5 min after both trials, with a greater increase in males than that in females (62 vs 32 pg·mL−1 in running, P = 0.018; 63 vs 30 pg·mL−1 in cycling, P = 0.004). In addition, sclerostin was significantly correlated with the corresponding changes in inflammatory cytokines, and 34% of the variance in its postexercise gain score (Δ) was explained by sex and the corresponding gain scores in TNF-α, which was the strongest predictor.

Conclusion

A single bout of either impact or no-impact high-intensity exercise induces changes in inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with the postexercise increase in sclerostin.
The relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Onalan Erhan
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: This study included 262 Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients, of which 60 had diabetic nephropathy and 202 did not have diabetic nephropathy who presented to the internal diseases polyclinic at Firat University Medical Faculty Hospital between May 2018 and October 2018 and 50 healthy control subjects. A retrospective scan of patient files was conducted and information relevant to nephropathy such as hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), hematocrit count (HCT), monocyte count, LDL, HDL, triglyceride levels, and microvascular complications were acquired.

Results: We determined MHR values as 11.9±5.5 and 8.4±2.9 respectively for the diabetic and healthy groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of MHR, with a positive correlation between diabetes and MHR (< 0.001; r: 0.241). Moreover, glucose, HDL, and triglyceride levels were different between the two groups with statistical significance (respectively, p< 0.001; p< 0.001; p< 0.001). Our study found higher MHR levels for patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without diabetic nephropathy (respectively, 17.1±7.9 and 10.3±3.3) and determined statistical significance and a negative correlation (p< 0.001; r: -0.512).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that an elevated MHR can be a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy, allowing the detection of diabetic nephropathy with simple and inexpensive laboratory tests.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.534

How to cite this:Onalan E. The relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1081-1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.534

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of the fillet quality of wild-caught white sea bream (Diplodus sargus L.) and brown meagre (Sciaena umbra L.) captured from the Aegean Sea
Authors: KOUROUPAKIS EMMANOUIL , GRIGORAKIS KRITON , VARDALI SOFIA , ILIA VASSILIKI , BATJAKAS IOANNIS , KOTZAMANIS IOANNIS (YANNIS)
Published: July 2019

White sea bream (Diplodus sargus) and brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) were caught from the wild in Aegean Sea (Greece), and studied for their proximate, fatty acid and amino acid composition to evaluate their nutritional value for human consumption and their potential as candidate fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture diversification. Both species exhibited very low muscle fat, ranging at 1%. White sea bream was found to have higher muscle eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docohexaenoic (DHA) contents and total n-3 fatty acids than brown meagre. A superiority of white sea bream in aspects of thrombogenicity was indicated, showing higher atherogenic (0.679) and thrombogenic indices (0.377) comparing to the respective values for brown meagre (0.610 and 0.579). The two-studied species exhibited high-quality protein as food source, with white sea bream showing a higher essential to non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) rate, 0.764 vs 0.704, respectively. The individual to total essential amino acids rates of lysine and leucine were the highest ones for both studied species, while no significant differences were observed among them.
New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records 2019
Authors: ARTICLE COLLECTIVE
Published: July 2019

This is the second collective paper issued in 2019, currently amalgamates new knowledge on the Mediterranean geographic distributions of 17 species from five phyla (six aliens, three cosmopolitans, two east Atlantic records and six natives). The acknowledged species were reported from ten countries, mentioned here from west to east: Spain: first report of the east Atlantic grouper Cephalopholis taeniops in the western Mediterranean and an inclusion of Pontarachna puntulum and Litarachna communis to the pontarachnid fauna of Spain; Morocco: first record of Solea senegalensis from the Moroccan Mediterranean coast; Algeria: a valid confirmation for the presence of Sardinella maderensis; Malta: a first record of the Red Sea stomatopod Erugosquilla massavensis; Italy: a rare observation of the crab Paragalene longicrura from Siciliy and a further integration of the alien brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus to the commercial catch in Sicily; Montenegro: a first record of the Lessepsian bigfin reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana from the Adriatic Sea; Turkey: northernmost documentation of the Mediterranean flatworm Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii in the Aegean Sea; Israel: a solid confirmation for the population establishment of both the alien rock shrimp Sicyonia lancifer and two species of angelfish, and a first and deepest record of the crystalline goby Odondebuenia balearica; Lebanon: first record of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca; Syria: first records of the crown jellyfish Nausithoe punctate and the smallscale codlet Bregmaceros nectabanus.
A theoretical model of temperate phages as mediators of gut microbiome dysbiosis
Authors: Lin Derek M. , Lin Henry C.
Published: July 2019

Bacteriophages are the most prominent members of the gut microbiome, outnumbering their bacterial hosts by a factor of 10. Phages are bacteria-specific viruses that are gaining attention as highly influential regulators of the gut bacterial community. Dysregulation of the gut bacterial community contributes to dysbiosis, a microbiome disorder characterized by compositional and functional changes that contribute to disease. A role for phages in gut microbiome dysbiosis is emerging with evidence that the gut phage community is altered in dysbiosis-associated disorders such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Several recent studies have linked successful fecal microbiota transplantation to uptake of the donor’s gut phage community, offering some insight into why some recipients respond to treatment whereas others do not. Here, we review the literature supporting a role for phages in mediating the gut bacterial community, giving special attention to Western diet dysbiosis as a case study to demonstrate a theoretical phage-based mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of dysbiosis.
Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2018
Authors: Rose Olivia , Hartmann Andreas , Worbe Yulia , Scharf Jeremiah M. , Black Kevin J.
Published: July 2019

This is the fifth yearly article in the Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series, summarizing research from 2018 relevant to Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors briefly summarize reports they consider most important or interesting. The highlights from 2019 article is being drafted on the Authorea online authoring platform, and readers are encouraged to add references or give feedback on our selections using the comments feature on that page. After the calendar year ends, the article is submitted as the annual update for the Tics collection on F1000Research.
Case Report: In-office bleaching, microabrasion, and resin infiltration for the correction of hypomineralized esthetic defects
Authors: Zakaria Aboelenein Ahmed , Ismail Riad Mona , Fouad Haridy Mohammed
Published: July 2019

Enamel hypomineralization is a condition that affects the quality of enamel, resulting in a change in its translucency and color. In this case report, a patient with a chief complaint of discolored front teeth, represented a very interesting case as he had combined opaque white, brown discoloration, and pitted enamel well distributed over the entire facial surfaces of enamel, especially his anterior teeth. It was also found that tooth #10 was protruded in relation to the adjacent teeth. The patient’s main concern was to improve his aesthetic appearance. Despite being a typical clinical picture of fluorotic lesion, fluoride was excluded as the cause of his lesions as the patient’s history indicated a lack of exposure to fluoride. A combined minimally invasive treatment, consisted of teeth bleaching, microabrasion, and resin infiltration were performed to address these esthetic problems. Minimum tooth reduction plus resin composite placement was done to solve the problem of the protruded tooth. All materials used was placed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Intraoral photographs were taken directly after each treatment to document any change in the appearance of the case. Six months follow up of the case was documented. The result was acceptable for the patient, and he was satisfied as more aggressive treatments were avoided.
Technical mechanics: machine parts
Authors: Завистовский Владимир , Zavistovskiy Vladimir
Published: July 2019

The tutorial contains the material of the third section “Machine parts” course “Technical mechanics”. The first two sections “Theoretical mechanics” and “Resistance of materials” are presented in the author's book “Technical mechanics” (Mn.: Belarusian encyclopedia,2009).
The structure of the manual is close to the order of work of students on the project on machine parts. Contains reference data. May be useful for students of universities and colleges.
Erinys’ Mortal Venom: The Poetic Expression of Emotions in Silius Italicus’ "Punica" (Books I–V)
Authors: Śnieżewski Stanisław
Published: July 2019

Negative emotions are used to construct and develop the plot in the first five books of Silius Italicus’ Punica. Dark, irrational forces, i.e. madness, cruelty and suffering, are hostile to the cosmic order and bring chaos to the epic world. The narrator employs pathos, hyperbole, irony, sarcasm and paradox. The scenes of bad emotions penetrate the longer ekphrases and the descriptions of the fall of Saguntum. The epic language abounds in passionate emotions and gives a foretaste of the later uncommonly atrocious events. Famous imperatores, such as Paulus, Fabius and Maximus suffer, but they will renew Rome and ensure its eventual victory.
Clinicians' Views On The Uptake Of Technology In Health Care
Authors: Sau Nasreen , Jaggi Anju , Cairns Mindy
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims

The NHS recognises digital technology is key in improving healthcare systems and delivery. However, the uptake of technology has been slow due to various factors including clinician attitudes and behaviours identified in the Personalised Health and Care 2020 plan. To evaluate attitudes and current use of technology within a healthcare setting of allied health professionals.

Methods

An online survey was designed with closed and open questions exploring the barriers and facilitators towards the uptake of technology. The survey was disseminated to 130 allied health professionals at a specialist orthopaedic hospital. The questions were based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model, which focused on perceived threat, perceived inequity, perceived usefulness and behavioural intention.

Results

Response rate was 44%. There were more positive results towards perceived usefulness and behavioural intention than to perceived threat and perceived inequity with regards to technology. Clinicians reported that technology has improved efficiency and effectiveness at work benefiting the patient and institution. However, the barriers related to loss of clinical time due to technical issues, lack of IT support, lack of confidence in IT skills and knowledge and patients' inability to access technology. The solutions suggested were more technical support, training and allocated time in work templates and work space.

Conclusions

Clinicians' behavioural intentions were positive towards the use of technology and they were willing to incorporate them more in health care. However, developments in infrastructure are required to provide staff with the tools and skills to facilitate greater use of technology within the clinical environment.
The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract Capsule to the Albumin Serum Level of Post-operative Neurosurgery Patients
Authors: Rosyidi Rohadi M. , Januarman Januarman , Priyanto Bambang , Islam Andi Asadul , Hatta Mochammad , Bukhari Agussalim
Published: July 2019

To evaluate the Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract Capsule to the Albumin Serum Level of Post-operative Neurosurgery Patients. This research is a clinical research with Quasi-Experimental method . The experimental design used was one group pre-post test. The research design of one group pretest-posttest was measured using a pre-test which carried out before being given treatment and post-test carried out after being treated. The population of this study was all post-neurosurgical patients that treated at the West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital. Each patient who underwent surgery and included within research criteria was given Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) up to 3 weeks after surgery and the wound has healed. The sample consisted of 37 patients with criteria of over 18 years of age and no kidney disorders (proteinuria). The results of the data distribution of 37 patients stated that there were 12 males (32.4%) and 25 females (67.6%). The most number of diagnosis were abnormalities of meningioma and skull defect (17; 46% and 13; 35,1%). Mostly patients spent 8 – 14 days to control post-operatively (22; 59,4%). It was found that the pre-operative and post-operative albumin serum level had no significant difference (the significance value 0.115). The pre-operative and post-treatment albumin levels had a significant difference (a significance value of 0.003). However, albumin levels in post-operative and post-treatment had significant differences (significance value (0.001). This research is important for several reasons, including therapy in patients with pre-operative or recovery period after surgery. Snakehead fish can increase serum albumin levels in patients after surgery. The experimental design used was one group pre-post test. The research design of one group pretest-posttest was measured using a pre-test which was carried out before being given treatment and post-tests carried out after being treated. The treatment plan could be concisely reported.
Overview of Modern Approaches to the Restoration of the Anatomical and Functional State of the Hip Joint in Various Pathologies
Authors: Shmeleva S. V. , Logachev N. V. , Shimanovskaya Ya.V. , Romanova A.V. , Vakulenko A.N. , Kachalov S.B.
Published: July 2019

An important element of the human musculoskeletal system is the hip joint, it has a complex structure. The hip joint is very vulnerable and can sometimes be severely affected. Injuries, degenerative processes in cartilage, and excessive physical exertion create conditions for destructive changes in the structures of the hip joint. Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the structure of the joint form the need for endoprosthetics. After endoprosthetics, a complex rehabilitation process is needed, which should be based on regular dosed physical exercises, which do not allow weakening the muscles, which provide movement in it, and rationally combine them with massage and hydro-procedures. In this way, it is possible to return the optimal motor ability of the limb after hip joint arthroplasty and to ensure a person’s return to his normal life. Improving the efficiency of recovery after hip arthroplasty can be continued with further research in this direction.
Histological Investigation of the Hepatic Tissue in Mice Induced by Soft Laser with Different Doses
Authors: Albir Ahmed Anwar , Al- Kaisy Aedah Z.
Published: July 2019

Our experimental study was conducted on twenty seven healthy male albino mice, whose ages ranged from 5 to 6 weeks and weight range was 23-26gm with standard deviation (Std) equals to 1.83. The mice were randomly divided into three groups (9 mice each). The first group of mice was served as a control and not irradiated with laser, while both second and third groups of mice were anaesthetized and irradiated by using diode laser (λ = 890nm) which was focused on the upper right quadrant of the abdomen where the liver is located. It was concluded from our study that although laser exposed to both second and third groups of mice for 5 and10 minutes once daily respectively during the entire period of experimentation (6 days), the laser did not affected their hepatic tissue structure.
Estimation of Aldose Reductase Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Ajay , Mustufa Khan Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient secretion or action of insulin.Elevated oxidative stress and diminished antioxidants may play an important role to develop T2DM and its complications. Aldose reductase (AR) enzyme plays a key role in the reduction of glucose to sorbitol by Polyol pathway. To estimate the AR activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and in patients with T2DM. In this case-control study, a total number of 60 subjects (30 T2DM and 30 age-matched controls) wererecruited.Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Post-Prandial blood sugar (PPBS), AR activity and MDA levels were estimated in all the subjects. The AR activity was estimated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidation method. The plasma MDA levels were estimated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method. For Statistical analysis, all the data were compared between the two groups by using unpaired t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated among T2DM. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all data analyzed. The mean of FBS, PPBS, AR activity, and MDA levels were found significantly high in T2DM as compared to controls (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between FBS and PPBS among T2DM (r=0.71, P<0.01). However, There was no significant correlation found between AR activity and MDA level among T2DM (r=0.002, P>0.05). Results showed thatthe mean of FBS, PPBS, AR activity, and MDA levels were found significantly higher in T2DM than controls. There was no significant correlation found between AR activity and MDA level among T2DM.
Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar 4x4 EHG Signal for Classifying Uterine Contraction
Authors: Athira T. , Asmi P. Shaniba
Published: July 2019

Proper evaluation and detection of uterine contraction is an important treat during gestation period. Uterine contraction happens by the generation of electrical activity from a given myometrial cell to the adjacent cell. There are various methods for monitoring uterine contraction but they lack to distinguish true labour contractions (efficient) from contractions that will not cause delivery (inefficient). One of the most accurate non-invasive technique for monitoring uterine contraction is the uterine electromyogram or Electrohysterogram (EHG). The main aim of this paper is to check whether it is possible to discriminate labour and pregnancy contraction by using 16 electrode database. And also to check bipolar signals give better classification rate than monopolar signals. Result shows that bipolar signal have better performance than monopolar signals.
A Bayesian Approach to Biological Variation Analysis
Authors: Røraas Thomas , Sandberg Sverre , Aarsand Aasne K , Støve Bård
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Biological variation (BV) data have many applications for diagnosing and monitoring disease. The standard statistical approaches for estimating BV are sensitive to “noisy data” and assume homogeneity of within-participant CV. Prior knowledge about BV is mostly ignored. The aims of this study were to develop Bayesian models to calculate BV that (a) are robust to “noisy data,” (b) allow heterogeneity in the within-participant CVs, and (c) take advantage of prior knowledge.

METHOD

We explored Bayesian models with different degrees of robustness using adaptive Student t distributions instead of the normal distributions and when the possibility of heterogeneity of the within-participant CV was allowed. Results were compared to more standard approaches using chloride and triglyceride data from the European Biological Variation Study.

RESULTS

Using the most robust Bayesian approach on a raw data set gave results comparable to a standard approach with outlier assessments and removal. The posterior distribution of the fitted model gives access to credible intervals for all parameters that can be used to assess reliability. Reliable and relevant priors proved valuable for prediction.

CONCLUSIONS

The recommended Bayesian approach gives a clear picture of the degree of heterogeneity, and the ability to crudely estimate personal within-participant CVs can be used to explore relevant subgroups. Because BV experiments are expensive and time-consuming, prior knowledge and estimates should be considered of high value and applied accordingly. By including reliable prior knowledge, precise estimates are possible even with small data sets.
Topologic Analysis of Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Reveals the Coexistence of Both Linear and Circular Molecules
Authors: Ma Mary-Jane L , Zhang Haiqiang , Jiang Peiyong , Sin Sarah T K , Lam Wai Kei Jacky , Cheng Suk Hang , Lee Wing-Shan , Gai Wanxia , Tse O Y Olivia , Peng Wenlei , Wong John , Raghupathy Radha , Wong Raymond S M , Sahota Daljit , Leung Tak Y , Chan K C Allen , Chiu Rossa W K , Lo Y M Dennis
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Cellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is organized as circular, covalently closed and double-stranded DNA. Studies have demonstrated the presence of short mtDNA fragments in plasma. It is not known whether circular mtDNA might concurrently exist with linear mtDNA in plasma.

METHODS

We elucidated the topology of plasma mtDNA using restriction enzyme BfaI cleavage signatures on mtDNA fragment ends to differentiate linear and circular mtDNA. mtDNA fragments with both ends carrying BfaI cleavage signatures were defined as circular-derived mtDNA, whereas those with no cleavage signature or with 1 cleavage signature were defined as linear-derived mtDNA. An independent assay using exonuclease V to remove linear DNA followed by restriction enzyme MspI digestion was used for confirming the conclusions based on BfaI cleavage analysis. We analyzed the presence of BfaI cleavage signatures on plasma DNA ends in nonhematopoietically and hematopoietically derived DNA molecules by sequencing plasma DNA of patients with liver transplantation and bone marrow transplantation.

RESULTS

Both linear and circular mtDNA coexisted in plasma. In patients with liver transplantation, donor-derived (i.e., liver) mtDNA molecules were mainly linear (median fraction, 91%; range, 75%–97%), whereas recipient-derived (i.e., hematopoietic) mtDNA molecules were mainly circular (median fraction, 88%; range, 77%–93%). The proportion of linear mtDNA was well correlated with liver DNA contribution in the plasma DNA pool (r = 0.83; P value = 0.0008). Consistent data were obtained from a bone marrow transplantation recipient in whom the donor-derived (i.e., hematopoietic) mtDNA molecules were predominantly circular.

CONCLUSIONS

Linear and circular mtDNA molecules coexist in plasma and may have different tissue origins.
Estado de la planificación estratégica y la figura del planner en España. Los insights como concepto creativo
Authors: Castelló-Martínez Araceli
Published: July 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo principal el estudio de la situación de la planificación estratégica y de la figura del planner en España, así como del recurso al insight como concepto creativo. La hipótesis de partida afirma que la planificación estratégica se ha consolidado en España como un ámbito indispensable en la definición de estrategias de comunicación persuasiva, apostando principalmente por un mayor conocimiento del público objetivo desde el punto de vista psicológico. La metodología se basa en un cuestionario autoadministrado a una muestra de profesionales en activo, todos ellos del campo de la planificación estratégica. Los resultados demuestran el importante papel que tiene actualmente la planificación estratégica en el diseño de acciones de comunicación persuasiva. El estudio del consumidor es la base en la definición de estrategias de comunicación persuasiva que estén al servicio de los objetivos comunicativos y cuenten con un concepto creativo sorpresivo y memorable para el público destinatario, por ejemplo, mediante el recurso a los insights. Desde un enfoque prospectivo, la figura del planner adquirirá a medio plazo un mayor protagonismo en la estructura de la agencia, como profesional experto en el consumidor y consultor estratégico capaz de ofrecer al anunciante soluciones comunicativas empáticas.
Thermochemical Properties and Bioactivity of the Metallic Complexes of Levofloxacin
Authors: Tahia Faiza , Sultan Md. Zakir , Islam Mohammad Kaisarul , Rashid Mohammad A.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was complexation of levofloxacin with iron, calcium, copper and ammonium salts. The formation of the metal complexes were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR. The newly formed metal complexes showed characteristics thermochemical behaviours such as differential scanning calorimetric and thermo gravimetric properties along with bioactivity. Additionally, the synthesized metal complexes have shown some extents of antimicrobial activities. It is concluded that the potentiality of metal-levofloxacin complexes are due to the action and presence of siderophores within bacterial cells.
CHEMICAL ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM PLANTS: ELEMENTS WHICH CONCEN-TRATIONS ARE NOT REGULATED
Authors: Siromlya Tat'yana Ivanovna , Zagurskaya Yuliya Vasil'yevna
Published: July 2019

Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) is a popular medicinal plant, but its chemical element composition has been studied insufficiently, especially of the plants originated in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was to examine chemical element composition of Hypericum perforatum L plants originating from the south of West Siberia and to review similar data on plants grown in other climatic zones and regions, attempting to establish chemical elements' ranges in the phytomass of the studied species. Chemical element concentrations were determined by AES in 100 samples of aboveground and 60 samples of belowground H. perforatum plant parts collected in West Siberia (Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions, the Altai Republic). Total concentrations of various chemical elements did not differ (P≤0.05) in different samples. The aboveground plant parts were found to have very  high concentrations of K, Са, P, Si, Mg (n×103–104 mg/kg) alongside with high concentrations of Al, Fe, Na (n×102 mg/kg) and moderate concentrations of Мn, Sr, Ba, Zn, B, Ti, Cu (n×10 mg/kg), whereas such elements as Ni, Zr (n mg/kg) were found in decreased concentrations, while V, Cr, Mo, Co, Y, Ga showed low concentrations (n×10-1 mg/kg), Sc, Ве, Yb (n×10-2 mg/kg) being very low. The accumulation of Ba and Sr in plants revealed some regional peculiarities as their concentrations in plants of Siberian origin was higher than in plants of the European one. The average chemical element concentrations for a wide set of world data displayed a wider range, with extremely high or low values, as compared to the regional range of variation. The studied plants had no barriers for the uptake of Zn, Р, B, Mg, Mn and K, but for Са, Ва, Sr, Mo, Co in different samples the root barrier coefficient was higher, lower or equal to 1.
SECONDARY PLANT METABOLITES ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM AND GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST THE RED SPIDER MITE
Authors: Zakirova Rano Pulatovna , Khidirova Nazira Kudratovna , Eshbakova Komila Alibekovna , Melieva Shohista Olimovna , Urakov Barat Abdubakievich
Published: July 2019

The biological activity of secondary metabolites with respect to pest insects is a poorly studied field of scientific research and opens wide possibilities for revealing many aspects of the theoretical and practical plan.

The aim of the work is to create a plant protection product against the effects of a red spider mite of complex action on the basis of secondary metabolites of yarrow Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) and cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae).

The chemical composition of the aerial part of the A. millefolium plant collected in the foothill areas of the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan was studied. A high yield of eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) – 37.71% of the amount of the extract was revealed by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method of high-performance thin layer chromatography revealed that the main component of Uchkun's preparation was the sum of polyprenyl homologs with 10–12 isoprene units, the content of which reached 69.5%. Other components of the extract were phytosiosterol and tocopherols in an amount of 30.5%. A synergistic effect was established in the combination of monoterpenoids of the yarrow plant of ordinary and polyprenols of Uchkun. The composition becomes more effective, having both a toxic effect on the red spider mite and further improving the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in damaged leaves of cucumber plants. As a result of the work carried out, it is shown that with a degree of infection of plants within the range of 100–150 pieces per sheet, the developed composition can replace the treatment with a chemical protective agent – a drug based on abamectin – Vertimec.
SYNTHESES OF POLYFLUOROALKYL ESTERS OF MALEOPIMARIC ACID N-PHENYLIMIDE
Authors: Popova Larisa Mikhaylovna , Ivanova Varvara Alekseyevna , Vershilov Sergey Vyacheslavovich
Published: July 2019

To meet the challenge of complex processing of plant material, in particular, tall oil rosin, research has been conducted on the synthesis of new polyfluroalkyl maleimides. As is well known, maleopimaric acid’s imides constitute a forward-looking class of organic compounds for pharmacology, agriculture, polymer chemistry and so on. The introduction of a fluorocarbon unit often gives high surface activity, chemical and heat resistance, hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. This paper presents the results of experiments on the synthesis of new N-phenylimides of maleopimaric acid’s polyfluoroalkyl esters by the interaction of the corresponding monosubstituted polyfluorinated maleopimarates with aniline during boiling for 10–16 h in toluene (40–52%). The starting N-phenylimide of maleopimaric acid has been obtained by two methods: by the Diels-Alder reaction from abietic acid and N-phenyl maleimide using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the melt (40%) and by heating (MPA) with aniline in toluene (80%). 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoroamyl and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- dodecaftaforpetyl ethers have been obtained by esterification of MPA with fluorinated alcohols under conditions of acid catalysis (70%). It have been identified the ester bonds are quite stable by TLC during long-term treatment of the stock (over 11 hours). The synthesized substances were analyzed with UV-, IR-, 1H NMR and 19F.
ON THE INFLUENCE ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF THE EXTRACT OF HERACLEUMON FLOTATION OF GOLD-BEARING SULPHIDES
Authors: Ivanova Tat'yana Anatol'yevna , Getman Viktoriya Valer'yevna , Koporulina Elizaveta Vladimirovna
Published: July 2019

The complexing, sorption and flotation properties of the organic extract of the green mass of Heracleum Sosnovsky (BO) containing sulphide gold-bearing minerals were investigated. The sorption and elemental composition of the surface of the minerals before and after contact with the reagent BO were studied on polished sections using an LEO 1420VP analytical scanning electron microscope (ASEM) equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive microarray analyzer INCA 350 and a KEYNCE laser microscope with VK-9700. The sorption of furocoumarines on the surface of chalcopyrite and gold particles after their contact with the organic extract of BO was determined by a spectrophotometric method and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). By flotation studies using monomineralic powders FeS2 and CuFeS2, as well as minerals with artificially deposited gold (FeS2Au and CuFeS2Au), the flotation activity of the BO extract with respect to the gold-bearing pyrite and chalcopyrite was revealed. When flotation gold-bearing sulphide ore with the use of BO as an additional collector, an increase in the quality of the concentrate with respect to gold content up to 10.8 g / t and gold recovery into concentrate to 82.69% was found, which is 3% higher than in the base experiment. The obtained results give grounds to talk about the possibility of using the flotation of a poisonous species of Heracleum after isolation from it of natural chemical compounds possessing surface-active properties with respect to gold-bearing sulfide minerals. The extraction of an extract containing furocoumarines from the Heracleum is not a problem.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS DACTYLORHIZA MACULATA (L.) SOÓ (ORCHIDACEAE)
Authors: Sechin Evgeniy Nikolaevich , Marakaev Oleg Anatolyevich , Gavrilov Gavriil Borisovich
Published: July 2019

Amino acid composition of aboveground and underground vegetative organs of Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae), one of the representatives of the tuberoid species of orchids growing under the natural conditions of the center of European Russia, was detected using the method of zone capillary electrophoresis. The presence of 15 amino acids in the plant material, nine of them are «essential» (lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine, tryptophan) was established. The highest total amino acid content is characteristic of the leaves, the smallest for the old (wintered) caulorrhizous tuberoids. Among the identified amino acids in the plant material of D. maculata, the maximum total content is of leucine, the minimum are of tryptophan and methionine. The vegetative organs are also rich in alanine, arginine, valine and phenylalanine. The total content of amino acids in young caulorrhizous tuberoids is 38% higher than that in old storage organs. These differences are most pronounced for arginine, which is probably due to the spare function of this amino acid, containing more than 30% nitrogen. The got data indicate the promise of further studies of the amino acid composition of D. maculata and can characterize this species as a source of medicinal valuable substances with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity.
FEATURES OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TOP HUMUS ACER NEGUNDO L. (SAPINDACEAE) IN CONDI-TIONS OF BREACHED BOTTOMLAND PHYTOCENOSES
Authors: Tsandekova Oksana Leonidovna
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The article analyzes the results of the biochemical composition of top humus of various phytogenic zones of Acer negundo L. under the conditions of breached bottomland plant communities. Sampling was carried out on trial plots in various conditions of crown density, taking into account the zones of influence of trees. The outer zone of single trees was chosen as a control. Ash content was determined by dry ashing; the content of nitrogen and phosphorus - from one sample after wet ashing: nitrogen - according to the Kjeldahl method, phosphorus – according to the Murphy and Riley method; lignin accumulation – using 72% sulfuric acid solution. Statistical data processing and graphing were performed using the standard software package StatSoft STATISTICA 8.0. for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Some features of the chemical composition of the top humus A. negundo in the conditions of breached bottomland phytocenoses are revealed. In single trees in unclosed stands in the subcrown and near-gutted zones, the largest amount of ash was found, while in trees with a crowns density of 50–60%, higher values of nitrogen, phosphorus and lignin were found in comparison with other groups of trees and with control. The most strongly differing indicator of the chemical composition of top humus at test sites was the content of ash and lignin, to a lesser extent the content of nitrogen and phosphorus varied. Experimental data can be used to assess the state of the ground cover and the formation of soil organic matter in forest communities.
HYDROGENATION OF ABIES WOOD AND ETHANOL-LIGNIN BY MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN SUPERCRITI-CAL ETHANOL OVER BIFUNCTIONAL RU/C CATALYST
Authors: Kazachenko Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Baryshnikov Sergey Viktorovich , Chudina Anna Il'inichna , Malyar Yuriy Nikolayevich , Sychev Valentin Vladimirovich , Taran Oksana Pavlovna , Djakovitch Laurent , Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich
Published: July 2019

The effect of a bifunctional catalyst containing nano-dispersed ruthenium particles on an oxidized carbon support “Sibunit” on the yield and composition of products in the processes of hydrogenation of abies wood and abies ethanol-lignin in a supercritical ethanol medium at 250° C was studied. The presence of Ru/C catalyst resulted in a raise the ethanol-lignin conversion from 85 to 98 wt.%, the yield of liquid product from 75 to 85 wt.%, the yield of gases – by 1.5 times, but the yield of solid products dropped from 14 to 2.8 wt.%.

Ruthenium catalyst increased the conversion of abies wood by 12.5 wt.%, but did not affect the yield of liquid products. The yield of the solid residue in the presence of the catalyst was reduced by 12.5 wt.%, and the yield of gases rose by 2.5 times.

Simultaneously, the ruthenium catalyst promoted the process of hydrodeoxygenation of liquid products, diminution their average molecular mass from 1174 g/mol to 827 g/mol and the formation of monomeric and dimeric compounds with a molecular mass 193 and 426 g/mol, respectively. The solid residue of catalytic hydrogenation contained 70.1 wt.% of cellulose. Thus, the application of Ru/C catalyst in the process of hydrogenation of abies wood allowed the reductive fractionation of wood biomass into a solid cellulose product, liquid and gaseous products from lignin and hemicelluloses.
Labor-Value Commodity Chains
Authors: Suwandi Intan
Published: July 2019

The analysis of global commodity chains creates some crucial questions in relation to the nature of imperialism in the twenty-first century: (1) whether decentralized global commodity chains can be seen as constituting a decentralization of power among the major actors within these chains, and (2) whether the complexities of these chains suggest that the hierarchical, imperialist characteristics of the world economy have been superseded. I argue that the answer to both of these questions is no. Despite the seemingly decentralized networks, and notwithstanding the existing complexities that characterize global commodity chains, the capital-labor relations inherent in these chains are still imperialistic in their configurations.
BRICS ÜLKELERİ İLE TÜRKİYE’NİN PERFORMANS VE POTANSİYEL KRİTERLERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BATTAL Turgay , AKAN Ercan
Published: July 2019

BRICS ülkeleri Dünya nüfusunun yüzde 43’ünü, Dünya ekonomisinin de yüzde 30’unu kapsamasından dolayı önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye son yıllarda başardığı dönüşüm hamleleri ile gelişme gösteren bir ülke olarak BRICS’e üye olabileceğini en üst mertebeden dile getirmiştir. Literatürde BRICS ile ilgili birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen, içinde Türkiye’nin de olduğu, ekonomik ve lojistik performanslarıyla, ülkelerin potansiyellerini ölçmeye yönelik çalışmaların oldukça kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışma ülkelerin ekonomik performanslarını ölçen, yaygın olarak kullanılan makroekonomik kriterlerin yanı sıra ülkelerin gelişiminde önemli rol oynayan lojistik performans kriterleri de kullanılmıştır. Bu kriterlere ilave olarak ülkelerin gelişme potansiyellerini ölçmeye katkı sağlayabilecek özgün kriterler seçilerek ilgili ülkelerin gelişme potansiyelleri de bu çalışmada dikkate alınmıştır. Genel olarak ülkelerin değerlendirilmesi, ülkelerin ilgili başlıklardaki verilerinin birincil veya ikincil kaynaklardan toplanarak çeşitli kalitatif ve kantitatif metotlar ile karşılaştırılarak sıralanması yoluyla yapılmaktadır. Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (ÇKKV) bu tür karşılaştırmalarda kullanılan ve elde edilen sonuçların alternatifleri arasında objektif olarak değerlendirilmesine imkân vermesi sebebiyle araştırmalarda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kriterlerin CRITIC yöntemiyle ağırlıklandırılması ile hesaplanması ve PROMTHEE-GAIA ÇKKV yöntemi ile sıralanması ve çıkan sonuçların değerlendirilmesi yoluyla yapılmış özgün bir çalışmadır.
TARIMSAL ÜRÜN FİYAT ARTIŞLARININ TÜRKİYE TARIMININ YAPISAL SORUNLARINA DAİR GÖSTERDİKLERİ
Authors: ÖNAL Nevzat Evrim
Published: July 2019

Türkiye’de işlenmemiş tarımsal ürünlerin perakende fiyatları Kasım 2018 itibariyle genel olarak zaten yüksek seyretmekte olan enflasyonun çok ötesinde bir artış sürecine girdi. Yaş sebze ve meyvede dört ay zarfında yüzde 50’yi aşan nominal fiyat artışı doğal olarak hararetli tartışmaları da tetikledi ve meseleye çok sayıda açıklama getirildi. Bu açıklamalar içerisinde en yaygını Türkiye tarımının girdi açısından dışa bağımlılığı ve döviz kurunda 2018 ortasında yaşanan şokun fiyatlara yansımış olmasıydı. Bu açıklama, belli bir düzeyde doğru olsa da; bu makalenin yazarı döviz kuru ile işlenmemiş tarımsal ürünlerin perakende fiyatları arasında kurulan ilişkinin Türkiye’nin tarımsal ürün ihracatı dikkate alınmadığı müddetçe eksikli olacağını düşünmektedir. Fiyatların kura verdiği şiddetli tepki, Türkiye tarımının son yirmi yılını kapsayan yapısal sorunlarının bir bakiyesi niteliğindedir ve doğru yöntem, olanların bu tarihsel perspektiften değerlendirilmesidir. Dolayısıyla bu makalede, son verilerin işaret ettiği eğilimler tarihsel analize tabi tutulacak ve eldeki soruna kısa vadeli ve geçici değil; uzun vadeli ve (en azından daha) kalıcı, bütünlüklü bir çözüm önerilecektir.
Application of patient-specific 3D navigation templates for pedicle screw fixation of subaxial and upper thoracic vertebrae
Authors: Kovalenko R. A. , Rudenko V. V. , Kashin V. A. , Cherebillo V. Yu. , Ptashnikov D. A.
Published: July 2019

Objective. To analyze the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the subaxial cervical and upper thoracic spine using patient-specific 3D navigation templates.

Material and Methods. The study included 16 patients who underwent transpedicular implantation of screws in the subaxial cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae using patient-specific 3D navigation templates. A total of 88 screws were installed. All patients underwent preoperative CT angiography to assess visualization of the vertebral artery. Customized vertebral models and navigation templates were created using 3D printing technology. Models and templates were sterilized and used during surgery. The results of screw implantation, as well as the safety and accuracy of the placement, were assessed by postoperative CT.

Results. The average deviation from the planned trajectory was 1.8 ± 0.9 mm. Deviation was estimated as class 1 (<2 mm) for 57 (64.77 %) screws, class 2 (2–4 mm) for 29 (32.95 %), and class 3 for two (2.27 %). The safety of screw implantation of grade 0 (the screw is completely inside the bone structure) was in 79 (89.77 %) cases, of grade 1 (<50 % of the screw diameter perforates the bone) – in 5 (5.68 %), and of grade 3 – in 2 (2.27 %).

Conclusion. Using 3D navigation templates is an affordable and safe method of installing pedicle screws in the cervical and upper thoracic spine. The method can be used as an alternative to intraoperative CT navigation.
Spinal aneurysmal bone cyst in children: systematic review of the literature
Authors: Naumov D. G. , Speranskaya E. A. , Mushkin M. A. , Malamashin D. B. , Mushkin A. Yu.
Published: July 2019

Publications on aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine in children for the last 20 years were systematized taking into account different treatment approaches. The results of radiation therapy, local puncture interventions, surgical removal of the tumor, selective embolization, and of their combinations were reviewed based on the data of 19 publications representing 165 pediatric patients.