bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queering Doing Gender: The Curious Absence of Ethnomethodology in Gender Studies and in Sociology
Authors: Crawley S. L.
Published: October 2022

“Doing Gender,” Candance West and Don Zimmerman’s famous 1987 article, has become a folk concept—a trope or commonsense resource within the sociology of gender. Yet at the same time, most gender scholars overlook its ethnomethodological premise, visible in both poststructuralist misunderstandings of its argument outside the discipline of sociology and what I term a realist misunderstanding of it in the study of structures and identities within the discipline. Reading West and Zimmerman queerly while clarifying ethnomethodology’s ontology, I refocus attention for critical scholarship on ethnomethodology’s analytic sensibilities for research on gender, race, and sexuality, among other embodiments. Specifically, ethnomethodology reframes a vision of actors as relational, practical actors; repositions gender as accountable, jointly produced social relations, not individual identity; and foregrounds resistance in addition to conformity. Hence, my gender (race/class/sexuality) is not mine; it is ours. Ethnomethodology’s ontological shift in temporality to reality-in-production enables interpretive-materialism: a queer, anti-racist, intersectional sociology that is future-facing and in motion.
A Comparison of Sexual Minority and Heterosexual College Students on Gendered Sexual Scripts and Sexual Coercion Perpetration
Authors: Fournier Lauren F. , Pathak Neha , Hoffmann Amy M. , Verona Edelyn
Published: October 2022

Prior work has identified endorsement of gendered sexual script beliefs as predictive of sexual coercion perpetration among heterosexual individuals, primarily men. This research is lacking among sexual minority individuals and may be important in informing inclusive and effective sexual coercion prevention efforts. The current study sought to (1) assess the level of adherence to gendered sexual script beliefs, (2) report relative rates of general sexual coercion and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV), and (3) examine the relationship between gendered sexual script beliefs and self-reported sexually coercive behavior among sexual minority and heterosexual college men and women. Undergraduate students ( n = 1,199; 182 sexual minorities) completed self-report measures assessing gendered sexual script beliefs, sexual coercion perpetration, and sexual IPV. Results from Gender × Sexual Minority group ANOVAs and logistic regression analyses indicated similar rates of perpetration across sexual orientation groups, with men overall reporting the most perpetration. Furthermore, men and heterosexual individuals adhered more strongly to gendered sexual scripts than women and sexual minority individuals, respectively. Results of path models revealed no moderation by sexual orientation, and that adherence to gendered sexual scripts was positively related to sexual IPV perpetration among the full sample of heterosexual and nonheterosexual individuals, though this effect was small. Gendered sexual scripts did not significantly relate to general sexual coercion perpetration among the full sample, suggesting that traditional sexual script beliefs may not be as relevant to perpetration in a contemporary college sample. This study adds to limited literature on sexual coercion perpetration among sexual minority individuals and is an important step in understanding relationships between endorsement of gendered sexual script beliefs and sexual coercion perpetration among sexual minority and heterosexual college students.
Critical Translingual Perspectives on California Multilingual Education Policy
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Eduardo R. , Poza Luis E. , Briceño Allison
Published: October 2022

Policies restricting bilingual education have yielded to policy frameworks touting its benefits. This shift corresponds with evolving lines of debate, focusing now on how bilingual education can best support racialized bilingual learners. One element of this new debate is the perspective on language underlying curriculum in bilingual programs, with a focus on translanguaging– normalization of the language practices of bilingual communities and positing that bilinguals draw from a singular linguistic repertoire. This article examines initiatives undertaken in California between 2010 and 2019 using Critical Policy Analysis. The work highlights that while opportunities for translanguaging have arisen, tensions between heteroglossic perspectives and the impulses toward standardization and commodification of language undermine such possibilities, and that notable gaps remain between teacher preparation frameworks and intended pedagogical practice.
A rolling contact fatigue health prediction model based on load interaction and damage energy accumulation
Authors: Hao Lian Jing , Li Wei
Published: October 2022

Rolling contact is one of the main contact modes of all kinds of mechanical equipment at present. This investigation studied the rolling contact fatigue behaviors under various slip ratios and surface roughness with the consideration of loading history, loading sequence, and mutual influence between different load levels. In this paper, a fatigue crack initiation life prediction model based on strain energy accumulation caused by slip dislocations is proposed. The effect of increasing slip dislocation density and friction resistance on strain energy accumulation under alternating load is studied. The experimental results show that compared with the existing models, the proposed model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of contact fatigue life under variable stress loading.
The Caste of Casting: Thilakan and ‘Backward’ Articulations in Malayalam Cinema
Authors: Shyma P.
Published: October 2022

The invisibility of the modern backward caste presence is fundamental in validating Nair dominance in Malayalam cinema. This article analyses how cast–caste contingency operates as a mode of erasure to ensure the invisibility of ‘backwardness’ in Malayalam cinema. The mechanisms of erasure are described with reference to the multiple forms of proscription imposed on the Ezhava actor Thilakan following his enunciation of caste-based discrimination in the workspace. The insistence on verisimilitude while casting a lower caste body is substituted by a desire to camouflage in the case of a backward caste actor. The backward caste body is assigned savarna or Dalit roles in an attempt to render backward caste presence in Malayalam cinema inconsequential and invisible. OBC visibility in (Malayalam) cinema is marked by multiple forms of encounters with the mechanism of invisibility in place, eventuating interruptions in the constituted structure of the cinematic (public) in various ways. Thilakan’s engagement with the vocabulary of caste occasions a disturbance in the projected image of a progressive film industry, the manifestations of which are analysed in this article.
Reflecting the changing world of work? A critique of existing survey measures and a proposal for capturing new ways of working
Authors: Lott Yvonne , Kelliher Clare , Chung Heejung
Published: October 2022

In recent decades we have seen significant and varied changes in the world of work. Most prominent among these is the diminishing prevalence of the standard employment relationship. These changes challenge traditional notions of what constitute ‘employment’, ‘employers’, ‘employees’, the ‘workplace’ and the ‘working day’. Many current survey instruments are still based on the concept of the standard employment relationship, however. This article illustrates some limitations of existing conceptualisations and definitions of flexible work arrangements and of the instruments used to measure them in major surveys. It also suggests ways of tackling these limitations. The aim of highlighting potential limitations of existing survey instruments is to enable data users to be more reflective about what the results actually do and do not report, and to encourage survey designers to modify existing instruments and develop new instruments to better capture contemporary realities, including multiple jobholding and internet and platform work.
Mental Health Literacy Among General Practitioners in Israel: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khatib Anwar , Ben-David Vered , Abo-Rass Fareeda , Gelkopf Marc , David Roe
Published: October 2022

In recent years, general practitioners (GPs) have become more involved in treating people with mental disorders. This study examined the mental health literacy of GPs in Israel, based on Jorm’s conceptual framework. Twenty-one GPs participated in a semi-structured, in-depth interview. The data were analyzed thematically, guided by Jorm’s six mental health literacy dimensions. The GPs generally reported that they could identify symptoms of mental disorders, mainly noted genetics as the cause and risk factor for mental disorders, did not believe that self-care methods could alleviate mental disorders, and regarded social workers—as distinct from psychologists—as particularly helpful in their work with people with mental disorders. The findings, which have implications for families, emphasize the importance of providing GPs with ongoing educational opportunities to ensure they remain knowledgeable and skilled in mental health.
Ethical Considerations in Global Mental Health Research: Lessons Learned From Binational U.S.–Mexico Collaborations
Authors: Torres-Hostos Luis R. , Gearing Robin E. , de La Cruz Lugardo Pedro Isnardo , Perez Ramirez Berenice , Brewer Kathryne , Silva Arciniega Maria del Rosario , Aparicio Soriano Leticia
Published: October 2022

Binational research is critical to better understand the health, mental health, and health outcomes of immigrant communities. Binational studies are often difficult to conduct, however, due to cost, challenges with participant recruitment and data collection, lack of appropriate cross-cultural instruments, and challenges ensuring ethical reviews and approval in both counties. This research note discusses ethical issues navigating institutional review board (IRB) procedures while striving to maintain the highest ethical protection for participants when engaging in binational behavioral sciences research between México and the United States. We discuss the need to clarify requirements for international research between México and the United States and navigating differences that may exist or emerge between IRBs in México and the United States. We provide some recommendations to assist researchers in ensuring IRB approval for their research protocols and ethical protection for their participants.
Analysis of the elasto-magnetic wave propagation in a smart magnetostrictive actuator using a mesh-free method
Authors: Belfallah Kawtar , laasri Imane , Fouaidi Mustapha , Jamal Mohammad
Published: October 2022

This work aims to propose an implicit algorithm for solving the magnetoelastic wave propagation in a magnetostrictive actuator. This algorithm is built by combining meshless methods with the Newmark implicit time scheme. The mathematical formulation of vibrations of the actuator is performed by modeling the experimental actuator device by a monodimensional magnetostrictive cylindrical rod attached to an elastic spring, subjected to an axial magnetic field. The formulation of the problem is carried out using the rod model. The study is carried out taking into account mechanical and magnetic effects described by a linear model of strain-stress magnetoelastic relations, whose coefficients depend on the square of the magnetic field, elastic, magnetostrictive, and magnetoelastic characteristics of the elastomagnetic material of which the rod is made. The dynamic equation which describes the magnetoelastic wave propagation in the actuator is obtained by applying the Lagrangian formalism based on the least action principle. The wave propagation is governed by a spatio-temporal partial differential equation whose coefficients are a function of on elastic, magnetostrictive, and magnetic characteristics and implicitly depends on time. The resolution of the dynamic equation is made by adopting two numerical approaches developed by combining the mesh-free collocation methods, the Moving Least Squares (MLS), and the Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM) with the Newmark implicit scheme temporal integration. By performing the spatial discretization of the displacement, we obtain a system of linear second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), then transform it into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations after integrating Newmark’s implicit time scheme. A comparison of results computed by the proposed numerical approaches RPIM and MLS with experimental data available in the literature is presented. The stability and the solutions qualities of two meshless methods, RPIM and MLS, are also studied. The influence of magnetical and mechanical parameters as well as the coupling coefficients on the performance of the magnetostrictive actuator is also made.
Habits of Connection: From Sustainability and Saviorship to Reciprocity and Relationship
Authors: Wise Maggie , Martin Bruce , Szolosi Andrew , Foreman Tamarine
Published: October 2022

Background: 45–60% of global climate emissions come from individual consumerism choices. In Western culture, nature is seen as a resource, a series of challenges to conquer, limited to facts and figures, or a threat. As practices and language of sustainability still view the environment simply as a resource, and therefore as something separate from us that can be used, any gains in sustainability are simply band-aids covering the deep wound of relationship. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a shift in focus to practices of nature-connection in outdoor education programming to develop habits of reciprocity and enhance human and nature well-being and relationship. Methodology/Approach: Research demonstrates a practical way to change how we relate to our environment is to change our habits. The pathways of nature connection provide simple behaviors that improve human–nature relationship and well-being. Findings/Conclusions: The ecological crisis is nothing more than a crisis of relationship. The pathway lies not in sustainability and saviorship, but in reciprocity and relationship cultivated by forming habits of nature connection. Implications: By shifting programmatic focus to the development and transfer of nature connection habits, outdoor educators can start the ripples of reciprocity with nature.
The National Academies Board on Human-Systems Integration (BOHSI) Panel: Human-AI Teaming: Research Frontiers
Authors: Oswald Frederick L. , Endsley Mica R. , Chen Jessie , Chiou Erin K. , Draper Mark H. , McNeese Nathan J. , Roth Emilie M.
Published: October 2022

The National Academies recently issued a consensus study report summarizing the state of the art and research needs relating to Human-AI teaming, especially in the context of dynamic, high-risk environments such as multi-domain military operations. This consensus study was conducted by the National Academies Board on Human-Systems Integration (BOHSI). This panel, organized by BOHSI, brings together prominent researchers, including several members of the consensus committee, to discuss the state of the art and research frontiers for development of effective human-AI teams that can operate resiliently in complex, data intensive, and dynamically paced environments.
Reaching People Where They Are: Remote Macroergonomics Research
Authors: Hill Jordan R. , Abebe Ephrem , Holden Richard J. , McLaughlin Anne Collins , Rogers Courtney C. , Werner Nicole E.
Published: October 2022

Precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, many work systems—including those focused on research activities—have transitioned to remote operations and many may remain remote even after in-person operations no longer present a public health risk. The ability to conduct human subjects research remotely presents many benefits but also numerous challenges. This panel gathers experts in the design, adaptation, and performance of remote macroergonomics research. They will describe their remote methodologies, and evaluate past, current, and future work in this area.
Patient Safety Learning Labs: Effective Collaborations for Enhanced Patient Safety
Authors: Xiao Yan , Catchpole Ken , Rodrick David , Tregear Michelle , Werner Nicole , Tully Kristin
Published: October 2022

Patient Safety Learning Labs (PSLL) are a program funded by US Agency for Healthcare and Quality, and represent a substantial investment by the US federal government to strengthen capacities for applying system engineering methods in healthcare to improve patient safety. Human factors professionals have been well represented in the program as investigators and consultants. This panel is composed of leaders in 4 PSLLs, as well as overall program leaders, to address questions on the PSLL program, roles of human factors professionals in the program, and considerations for success PSLLs. The panel will help those human factors professionals contemplating forming PSLLs or active in a PSLL, and solicit input from human factors communities on ways to achieve effective collaborations for enhanced patient safety.
Discussion Panel Examining the Perpetual Issue of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) – Challenges, Gaps, and Opportunities
Authors: Brooks Lisa , Reid Christopher R. , Allread Gary , McGowan Blake , Nussbaum Maury A.
Published: October 2022

According to Injury Facts® data reported annually by the National Safety Council (NSC), overexertion and bodily reactions have consistently been the leading cause of nonfatal injury or illness events involving days away from work. Data from NSC, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index and peer-reviewed research clearly emphasize the gravity of risk factors related to the worker, work, and workplace on MSD development. The NSC began a major initiative last year with a goal to examine the factors that influence MSDs systematically. With the support of a major industry partner, it formed an international advisory council consisting of stakeholders from industry, academic, and research communities. The invited panel of experts, all members of this advisory council, will present their views on challenges, gaps, and opportunities to mitigate MSDs. These panelists will also discuss various research, translation, and work practice related to MSDs.
Discussion Panel Decedent Handling: Understanding the Challenges and Exploring Opportunities for Ergonomics research
Authors: Fox Robert R. , Lu Ming-Lun (Jack) , Maikala Rammohan V. , Furuness Inga , Lee Timothy , Salmen-Navarro Acran , McGinty Meghan , Wiggermann Neal
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken many lives in the last two years. Handling high volumes of decedents within and beyond a hospital’s environment has put healthcare- and deathcare-workers at an increased health risk throughout this pandemic. However, systematic research about manual handling of the dead either at the hospital, morgue, funeral home, or in situations of mass fatalities is still in infancy. This session aims to educate ergonomics and safety professionals on the importance of understanding the risk factors associated with handling the decedents, design issues of body bags, effects of PPE, routine versus mass fatality handling of the decedents, and participatory ergonomics. This session will also examine the feasibility of translating the past and current research on the handling of live patients to the handling of patients postmortem. Finally, psychosocial risks due to handling the deceased within the pandemic environment that might influence these workers’ risk of musculoskeletal injuries will be deliberated.
Where the Cognitive Engineering Rubber Meets the Systems Development Road
Authors: Dorton Stephen L. , Rayo Michael F. , Neville Kelly J. , Hegde Sudeep , Bisantz Ann M.
Published: October 2022

The fields of Cognitive Engineering (CE) and Decision Making (DM) have made exceptional contributions to our understanding of complex sociotechnical systems; however, it can be difficult to apply research and findings from CE work to drive Systems Development (SD). This panel discussion examines the connective tissue between the worlds of CE research and SD practice. Panelists with backgrounds across CE and SD will provide generalizable examples of how to apply specific CE theories, methods, and principles (e.g. naturalistic decision making, macrocognition, and resilience engineering), to generate various SD products (e.g. system requirements and designs). The goal of the panel will be to provide useful examples, and spur discussion about means to more readily translate research into practice.
Managing Distraction Holistically through Driver Attention Support
Authors: Reimer Bryan , Angell Linda , Mehler Bruce , Fitch Gregory M. , Noble Alexandria M. , Feit Steven , Skrypchuk Lee
Published: October 2022

As the characteristics of in-vehicle human-machine interfaces (HMIs), the driving task, and the expectations and behavior of drivers have evolved, so too should our thinking and approach to HMI design and evaluation. This panel will present background and perspectives on the current status, emerging needs, challenges, and opportunities in this area. A key focus for the panel is an emphasis on attention support. Detailed contextual description is provided below for reference to allow panelists to keep their opening remarks relatively brief to allow for substantive question and discussion time with the audience.
Reflections on Gender Bias and Disparity in the HF/E Profession
Authors: Lum Heather C. , Grier Rebecca , Waldfogle Grace , Hancock Gabriella M. , Lerner Papautsky Elizabeth , Hughes Ashley M.
Published: October 2022

This discussion panel brings together six female human factors professionals from academia and industry as well as from different levels of experience to discuss issues surrounding gender in the human factors field. Dr. Lum will start the discussion panel by highlighting her own experiences as well as facilitating the other panelists’ talks. Dr. Grier will discuss the potential limitations faced and decisions related to having children as a female working professional. Ms. Waldfogle will give her perspective as a female graduate student and tips that have worked for her to exert her voice. Dr. Hancock will focus on her efforts to provide a more inclusive and equitable playing field through her service experiences. Dr. Papautsky will discuss work-life balance as a female parent and a working professional. Lastly, Dr. Hughes will discuss the disparity in production of work and how gender differences and race play a part in job placement and advancement. Then the panel will open the floor to the audience for an informal discussion on ways that we can foster a more inclusive environment for all and potentially applications of the human factors perspective to do so.

Discussion time: 90 minutes.
Graduate to Professional: Career Conversations by Early Career Professionals to Support HFE Students
Authors: Narasimha Shraddhaa , Agnisarman Sruthy , Cha Jackie , Ponathil Amal , Rogers Hunter
Published: October 2022

Career opportunities for students in HFE, and related fields are plentiful across academia, government, and industry, but a graduate student choosing a career has limited opportunities to understand what these careers involve, especially as an early career professional. This gap often results in students having to make a career choice with little information about what to expect in their new jobs. Early career professionals (here referring to those with <4 years of professional experience) who are experienced enough in their professional lives but close enough to remember their graduate school experiences are in a unique position to offer advice to graduate students about motivations/experiences in graduate school that shaped their career choices, and their current responsibilities. Additionally, with the COVID-19 pandemic, starting a new job and establishing a career that is remote/hybrid and poses new challenges which will be addressed by the panelists, many of whom onboarded under these circumstances.
“Dummies, Learning Modeling Made Easy”: Improving Modeling Education in Human Factors Research
Authors: Jeon Myounghoon , Zhang Yiqi , Bao Shan , Jeong Heejin
Published: October 2022

This panel introduces the current practice of human performance modeling and its applications to Human Factors research and discusses how we can promote modeling education. We argue that there is a necessity for new and more engaging learning tools and environments that can include qualitative and quantitative modeling work in Human Factors curricula to fulfill different levels of approaches in Human Factors research. We hope that this panel can encourage more students and junior researchers to utilize modeling in their work and spark exciting discussions for better modeling practice and education.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Ethical Oversight Across Human Factors Domains and Practices
Authors: Dickerson Kelly , Straut Theresa , Vaughan Barry , Rauschenberger Robert , Flint Jesse , Buda Smith Natalie , Giari Katie
Published: October 2022

In regulated institutions “research” has a narrow and specific meaning, which often excludes many types of information gathering engagements common in applied environments. Additionally, researchers in applied fields such as user and customer experience, where formal degree programs are not a typical training path, foundational ethical documents like the Belmont report may have never been studied. The ethical landscape gets even more complex when considering product and safety-related research. Investigators want to act ethically, but the needed steps to do so are not always clear and ethics and organizational needs are not always well aligned. The result is a diverse ecosystem of local policies, best practice guides, “playbooks” and folk knowledge. This panel gathers a diverse group of investigators and regulators from government and industry to discuss the challenges of working in regulated and non-regulated environments while comparing strategies, techniques, and engaging in an open dialogue with the HFES community.
A Survey on Robotic Vacuum Cleaners: Evaluation of Expressive Robotic Motions based on the Framework of Laban Effort Features for Robot Personality Design
Authors: Emir Ebru , Burns Catherine M.
Published: October 2022

The adoption of robotic vacuum cleaners (RVCs) has drastically increased. During interaction with these embodied autonomous agents, humans tend to ascribe certain personality traits to them even when the robot has a mechanoid appearance and low degree of freedom. As the social capabilities and the persuasiveness of robots increase, the design of robot personality will become important. This paper investigates the impact of expressive motions on people’s perception of robot personality. The framework of Laban Effort Features was implemented for a simple cleaning task. Movement features were programmed in iRobot Create2, and participants were asked to rate the robot’s personality in an online survey. The results indicated that Flow factor was closely associated with neuroticism ratings, Weight factor impacted both agreeableness and conscientiousness ratings, while Time factor impacted only the agreeableness ratings. Movement characteristics should be considered when designing personality into domestic service robots like RVCs, which are expected to operate in highly social settings.
Reconcile Voice Communication and Auditory Distraction in Military Open-Plan Workspace Design
Authors: Wang Wenbi , Wang Angela Y. , Nakashima Ann
Published: October 2022

Facilitating voice communication and reducing auditory distraction are common requirements in layout design of military open-plan workspaces. The implications of these requirements on between-operator adjacency however are often contradictory. To support the design of such work environments, a new analytical procedure was developed to evaluate layout options according to their impact on both requirements. This procedure was explained in a modeling study to compare two frequently used layout configurations, i.e., outward-facing versus inward-facing workstation setups. The results predicted a quieter vocal effort for the speakers and a lower risk of auditory distraction for all listeners in the outward-facing configuration. The study demonstrated the usefulness of this analytical procedure to support layout design of military workplaces where a balanced consideration of communication and distraction is required.
Cognitive Load and Website Usability: Effects of Contrast and Task Difficulty
Authors: Hewitt Dylan H. , He Yingchen
Published: October 2022

The contrast of a website doesn’t just affect its usability for low-vision individuals; it affects everyone. This study aims to evaluate the effects of contrast (low, medium, or high) on web browsing experience in normally-sighted individuals. Cognitive load associated with the task was assessed using the NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) and the usability of the website was assessed by the systems usability scale (SUS). We found that NASA-TLX scores significantly increased with the amount of time a task took, indicating an effect of task difficulty. The impact of contrast was reported during end-of-study interviews, but no significant difference was found between the three chosen contrast levels in NASA-TLX or SUS scores. This study is part 1 of a multi-part research project and future research will compare low-vision individuals to their typically-sighted peers. Together, the studies in this project aim to quantitatively determine the effects of contrast users’ web browsing experience to further accessibility research and web development guidelines.
Participant Characteristics in Human-in-the-Loop Studies with Multiple Unmanned Vehicles including Aircraft
Authors: Bass Ellen J. , Amey Rachel , Glavan Joseph , Read Tyler , Raghunath Nisha , Sanchez Christopher , Silas Katie , Haritos Tom , Adams Julie A.
Published: October 2022

The characteristics that a supervisor of multiple autonomous and semi-autonomous systems should possess remain unclear. Determination of these qualities would support job performance as well as recruiting and training. To evaluate the human characteristics currently being considered by human-in-the-loop experiments, a review of the multiple remote vehicle supervision literature was conducted. The human characteristics addressed included: gender, domain relevant experience, working memory, supervisory relevant skills and abilities (e.g., visual skills, spatial ability, attentional control, vigilance), and traits related to multi-tasking (e.g., stress, resilience). The discussion identifies gaps in the current state of the art with respect to the consideration of human characteristics for multi-autonomous and semi-autonomous systems supervision where at least one vehicle is an aircraft.
Fatigue Leads to Dynamic Shift in Fronto-parietal Sustained Attention Network
Authors: Borghetti Lorraine , Rhodes L. Jack , Morris Megan B.
Published: October 2022

Recently, the gamma band ( γ; 70-100 Hz) has been implicated in sustained attention decay across a vigil consistent with computational models of fatigue. Frontal γ indexing centrally controlled sustained attention and parietal γ linked to gated sensory processes declined across a 10-minute vigilance task, a pattern observed for faster but not slower performers. The anatomical distribution of γ activity indicates neural communication, or connectivity, within the fronto-parietal network. We used Granger Prediction to evaluate fatigue effects on network γ connectivity. Results showed stronger directional connectivity for frontal→parietal versus parietal→frontal over time, indicating that top-down control of attention largely remained intact. However, parietal→frontal early γ connectivity increased with time, suggesting a network shift to enhanced sensory-directed processes after only 8 minutes. This pattern of connectivity was mirrored by fast but not slower performers. Our findings provide new directions for computational accounts of fatigue mechanisms and highlight the importance of individual differences.
Law enforcement officers’ acceptance of advanced driver assistance systems: An application of technology acceptance modeling (TAM)
Authors: Shahini Farzaneh , Nasr Vanessa , Wozniak David , Zahabi Maryam
Published: October 2022

Vehicle crashes are one of the main causes of injuries and deaths for law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the line of duty. These crashes occur due to factors such as driving at high speed in emergency situations, fatigue, or use of in- vehicle technologies while driving. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to reduce crashes and improve LEO safety in police operations; however, there has been no prior research on acceptance of these technologies among LEOs. A survey study with 73 LEOs was conducted to understand factors that affect their acceptance and intention to use ADAS technologies. Results suggested that trust and training of ADAS features can significantly increase LEOs’ intention to use the technologies. The findings can provide guidelines to enhance LEOs’ attitude and acceptance towards ADAS.
Interrater Reliability of the Simulation Fidelity (SiFi) Scale
Authors: Bush Dylan , Lamb Christopher , Braun Andrew
Published: October 2022

A limitation of the extant research on the training effectiveness of high versus low fidelity simulation is the lack of a standardized methodology to define high and low fidelity in way that is generalizable across studies. This paper presents a novel approach to standardizing the definition of fidelity using The Simulation Fidelity (SiFi) scale. The SiFi scale is a 6-point scale used to rate the fidelity of a simulation. The present study examines the inter-rater reliability of the SiFi scale to define the fidelity of simulated task elements with respect to their real-world referent. Two subject matter experts (SMEs) completed a series of aviation maneuvers in a virtual reality (VR) simulator. Following the maneuvers, each SME provided 117 ratings of simulated elements using the SiFi scale. Cohen’s k was calculated to determine interrater reliability. Results of this analysis indicate strong reliability of the SiFi scale.
Understanding the Preferences for Lower-Limb Prosthesis: A Think-Aloud Study during User-Guided Auto-Tuning
Authors: Yuan Jing , Bai Xiaolu , Alili Abbas , Liu Ming , Feng Jing , Huang He
Published: October 2022

Prostheses help amputees to maintain physical health and quality of life. Prosthesis wearers’ satisfaction and adherence to the prosthesis are closely related to the preferences for prosthesis tuning settings. However, the underlying factors that contribute to the preferences were under-explored. In this study, two able-bodied participants were asked to change the robotic prosthesis settings to their preferred state and the think-aloud technique with a mixed-method approach was used to reveal the contributing factors of preferences. We found that physical perception (e.g., positions of the prosthetic foot, balance, and stability) and subjective feelings (e.g., comfortableness, satisfaction, confidence, and worries) were two major factors. Experiences with the intact leg and other profiles were used as anchors for their preference levels. Preferences may also differ with situational context such as walking speed. The saturation points were reached with no strong approach motivation. The implications for prosthesis design and research were discussed.
How likely will a mode shift occur? – Evaluating the demographic and location differences between potential and existing users of sustainable transportation modes
Authors: Pan Meiyu , Ryan Alyssa
Published: October 2022

Transportation mode shift programs do not target specific individuals. Therefore, they are less effective in terms of facilitating mode shifts among existing single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) users. Through a widespread survey-based approach, this proposal compared the demographic and location characteristics of those whose best and second-best mobility option is public transit, micromobility, and carpool and evaluate how likely existing SOV users will shift to the more sustainable mobility options. The demographics and location patterns of the carpool nudgeable audience were found to be substantially different from existing carpool users, implying a lower likelihood for them to shift mode. The results can be used by state and regional agencies with sustainability goals to develop more targeted and effective mode shift programs.
In Response to Warnings: Exploring Individual Differences in Sustained Attention Performance
Authors: McGough Olivia H. , Mayhorn Christopher B.
Published: October 2022

Sustained attention paradigms can assess an individual’s ability to maintain continuous effort and accurate response rate over a period of time. Measuring individual differences in vigilance capabilities and factors that influence performance can be foundational in the design of user-centered technologies and protocols. In the current work, 137 participants completed the SART (Sustained Attention to Response Task) where half ( n = 69) received a warning that they would have to re-start the task if they fell below a performance threshold and the remainder ( n = 68) received no such warning. Measures of trait boredom proneness, state-based boredom, and motivation were also collected. Results indicated that the presence of a warning stimuli (extrinsic motivator) significantly affected overall performance on the SART. Discussion focused on how individual differences in the completion of “boring” tasks influences performance on work-related task outcomes.
Success by Undesirable Means: Differences in Trust Following Successful (Yet Deviant) Flight Path Adherence
Authors: Tenhundfeld Nathan L. , Davis Jacob R. , Hubler Michael
Published: October 2022

The success or failure of a system can impact one's trust in that system. User trust can also be affected by system behavior (e.g., type of movement, how social it is, human-likeness). However, there remains a gap in understanding the relationship between these two influences. Additionally, few studies have examined trust following differences in the behavior of systems with consistently successful results across behaviors. Therefore, the degree to which the behavior of a system in the pursuit of a successful outcome can influence user trust is unknown. In one experiment, participants were tasked with plotting a path for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to fly. The UAV deviated from the path by different amounts, between subjects. Despite no differences in measures of performance (the success of the UAV reaching the end destination, time to complete the task, end score, or how far participants had to draw the routes), nor other cognitive constructs (i.e., workload), differences in trust were reported. These results indicate that it is not simply if a system accomplishes a task, but also the way it does that influences trust.
Knowing the User: Using the integrated Behavior Model to Understand the Barriers and Motivations in Diabetic Retinopathy Eye Screening
Authors: Salas Andrea Macedo , Benton Rachel A. , McLaughlin Anne Collins , Grace Landon , Mayorga Maria , Sepulveda Juan Marcos Gonzalez , Fransen Stephen
Published: October 2022

In the United States, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in diabetic adults (Garrett, 2002). DR is usually asymptomatic until it progresses to later stages, culminating in vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR). Treatment for this condition is 95% effective if discovered early, but screening compliance is poor (Lee, et al., 2003). The Integrated Behavior Model (IBM) is a model that predicts not only the intention to behave but also environmental constraints that may affect the behavior itself. A survey was developed using this model’s framework to understand impediments and motives for eye screening of diabetic people with different types of insurance. The interviews from this study will give a thorough understanding of the potential barriers and facilitators to diabetic eye screening, for those who are at high risk of VTDR. This understanding will contribute to the development of an interface to support the process of eye care coordination regarding DR.
Improving Quality of Care and Patient Safety in Virtual Visits: Investigating Barriers of Telehealth Implementation
Authors: Tabibzadeh Maryam , Tran Huy
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a dramatic shift to telehealth in the U.S. This rapid expansion has educated both patients and providers to the convenience and capabilities of virtual care and, as a result, it has become deeply embedded into the fabric of mainstream care delivery. Patient safety and overall, quality of care is a top a priority for healthcare delivery systems. However, addressing this aim is not yet commensurate with the rapid growth of telehealth. In this study, we investigate the impact of telehealth on patient safety and quality of care, as highlighted in the COVID-19 outbreak while it will continue beyond this global pandemic. We identify barriers of achieving high quality of care in telehealth implementation through systematic investigation and the development of a Fishbone Diagram. There are six main categories of identified barriers: human, healthcare provider; human, patient; organization; technology; rules and regulations; and society. We also provide recommendations to address some of those identified barriers to improve quality of care for patients receiving care through telehealth.
“I mute my echo when I talk politics”: Connecting Smart Home Device Users’ Concerns to Privacy Harms Taxonomy
Authors: Chhetri Chola , Motti Vivian
Published: October 2022

With the proliferation of Internet of Things devices, smart home devices are expected to increase in use. However, experts have raised privacy concerns regarding these devices. As the body of literature on understanding privacy concerns continues to emerge, we realize the need for a privacy concerns taxonomy to standardize and facilitate common understanding of privacy concerns. To address this gap, we conducted 25 interviews of smart home device users and analyzed their privacy concerns qualitatively. This paper contributes analysis of user privacy concerns from the angle of privacy taxonomy theory. It examines whether privacy concerns could be characterized by Solove’s taxonomy of privacy, which is a well-recognized privacy taxonomy for informational privacy. We further discuss results and their implications.
Intraoperative teamwork and workload among surgeons and surgical trainees during DIEP flap surgery
Authors: Norasi Hamid , Tetteh Emmanuel , Wang Tianke , Harless Christin , Susan Hallbeck M. , Nguyen Minh-Doan
Published: October 2022

Two attending surgeons (surgeon at abdomen and surgeon at chest) and nine surgical trainees completed electronic surveys after deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap surgical procedures. The survey included workload and teamwork subscales. The results indicated that DIEP flap surgery is a highly demanding surgical procedure both physically and cognitively. For the surgeon at abdomen, most of workload subscales were significantly higher than the paired trainees (p<0.05), while their teamwork subscales were not significantly different. The surgical trainees should know that the attending surgeon’s self-perceived workload could be higher than theirs even when their self-perceived teamwork is similar. For the surgeon at chest, most of teamwork subscales were significantly higher than the paired trainees (p<0.05), while their workload subscales were not significantly different. The attending surgeons should know that even when their self-evaluation of workload is similar to their trainees, the trainee’s evaluation of teamwork could be less than theirs.
A Microsimulation Comparison for Lane-Merging Driver Behaviors
Authors: Shen Tianxin , Cummings Mary L.
Published: October 2022

While driving behaviors have been widely studied with various microscopic simulations, comparatively little attention is paid to how different microscopic simulation environments measure the same human driving behaviors. To this end, we compared aggregate human driving behaviors for two microscopic simulators, SUMO and PTV Vissim, in zipper and early merge scenarios. We used standard embedded driver and traffic models for both microscopic simulators. Results showed the two simulators were generally equivalent in computational resource demand but produced delay estimates that were not consistent with one another, or internally. Another finding is that SUMO produced more variability than PTV Vissim, which may be an advantage when representing human behavior uncertainty that is highly variable. Ultimately, the choice of simulation environment depends on the research question, monetary costs, and human costs of development.
System-Wide Trust: The Impact of an Error in a Multi-component System
Authors: O’Hear Emily H. , Atchley Andrew , Gholston Sampson , Weger Kristin , Mesmer Bryan , Tenhundfeld Nathan L.
Published: October 2022

Given the rise of automation adoption in a variety of industries, it is essential we understand how individuals perceive these systems. Previous studies have found that a failure of one component in a system leads to decreased trust across a whole system, but few, if any, studies have considered how users define the confines of a system. To address this gap, this study replicated and extended Mehta et al. (2019) by incorporating measures of trust, similarity, and functional relatedness between six human crew members and six automated components. We noted that our functional relatedness and similarity measures were predictors of the magnitude of trust difference between conditions, with a high degree of shared variance. Our lack of a within subjects design means that future studies should further test whether measures approximating perceptions of ‘system’ (e.g., perceived functional relatedness and similarity) predict the size of contagion effects.
How Does Virtual Reality Compare? The Effects of Avatar Appearance and Medium on Self-Disclosure
Authors: Bradbury Amanda , Schertz Sara , Wiebe Eric
Published: October 2022

Digital communication methods such as social media, texting, video conferencing account for a significant amount of social interaction traffic; however, in the coming decade, virtual reality (VR) is likely to appropriate much of this space from traditional 2D computer-mediated applications. The current series of studies first compared how different digital communication mediums (i.e., voice only, video chat, and VR) affect self-disclosure and then, looking specifically at VR, evaluated how avatar appearance affects self-disclosure. Overall, study one indicated that VR users are more likely to reveal highly personal facts, attitudes, opinions, and emotions than video chat or voice only communication users. Looking only at VR communication, study two demonstrated that individuals with a human avatar are more likely to reveal emotional experiences and highly personal facts, attitudes, and emotions about themselves and their experiences compared to individuals using a robot avatar.