bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review
Authors: Memon Muzammil , Kay Jeffrey , Quick Emily , Simunovic Nicole , Duong Andrew , Henry Patrick , Ayeni Olufemi R.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Arthroscopic-assisted latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDTT) has shown promising results with good outcomes in patients with massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs), as reported by individual studies. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no systematic review has been performed to assess the collective outcomes of these individual studies.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The primary purpose of this study was to assess patient outcomes after arthroscopic-assisted LDTT for the management of MRCTs. The secondary objectives were to report on the management of MRCTs, including diagnostic investigations, surgical decision making, and arthroscopic techniques, as well as to evaluate the quality of evidence of the existing literature. It was hypothesized that nearly all patients were satisfied with arthroscopic-assisted LDTT and that they experienced improvements in pain symptoms, function, and strength after the procedure, with an overall complication rate of less than 10%.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The databases MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched from database inception (1946) until August 18, 2017, with titles, abstracts, and full-text articles screened independently by 2 reviewers. Inclusion criteria were English-language studies investigating arthroscopic-assisted LDTT for the management of MRCTs on patients of all ages. Conference papers, book chapters, review articles, and technical reports were excluded. The quality of the included studies was categorized by level of evidence and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) checklist.

Results:

In total, 8 studies (7 case series [median MINORS score, 7 of 16] and 1 prospective comparative study [median MINORS score, 14 of 24]) were identified; the studies included 258 patients (258 shoulders) with MRCTs treated with LDTT using arthroscopic-assisted techniques. The decision to pursue surgery was based on both clinical findings and investigations in 5 studies, investigations only in 2 studies, and clinical findings only in 1 study. Overall, 88% of patients were satisfied with the results of surgery and experienced significant improvement in their symptoms, including shoulder pain, strength, range of motion, and overall function, over a mean follow-up period of 34.3 months. Overall, there was a low rate of complications (7%) associated with the procedure.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic-assisted LDTT for MRCTs provides patients with marked improvement in shoulder pain, strength, and function, and the procedure is associated with a low risk of complication. Further high-quality comparative studies are warranted to validate these findings in comparison with other operative techniques.
Vibration-Assisted Home Training Program for Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Stark Christina , Duran Ibrahim , Cirak Sebahattin , Hamacher Stefanie , Hoyer-Kuhn Heike-Katharina , Semler Oliver , Schoenau Eckhard
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a new method of vibration-assisted neuromuscular rehabilitation in patients with spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. In this retrospective observational study, 38 children (mean age: 4.64 ± 1.95 years) were analyzed. The physiotherapy program, Auf die Beine, combines 6 months of home-based side-alternating whole-body vibration with interval blocks of intensive, goal-directed rehabilitation: 13 days at the start and 6 days after 3 months. Assessments were applied at the beginning (M0), after 6 months of home-based training (M6), and after 6 months of follow-up (M12). Motor abilities were assessed by the Gross Motor Function Measure 66 and Hammersmith Functional Mobility Scale. The Gross Motor Function Measure showed an increase of 1.69 (3.73) points ( P = .124) and the Hammersmith Functional Mobility Scale a significant increase of 2.73 ± 1.79 points ( P = .007) after 12 months; however, whether this leads to a long-term clinical benefit requires further investigation.
Planning to Practice: Developing Partnership-Building Skills Across the Curriculum
Authors: Madsen Wendy , Bricknell Lisa , Langham Erika , O’Mullan Catherine , Oorloff Anthea , Trott Dale
Published: June 2018

The ability to work in effective collaborations has long been a foundation of health promotion and environmental health practice and, more recently, has been explicitly identified in international accreditation competencies. While limited evidence is available on strategies to teach these skills within single courses, there are no guidelines on best practice, or how to develop the skills across a curriculum. In this article, we demonstrate the scaffolding of partnership building knowledge and skills across an undergraduate public health curriculum through the application of the cognitive apprenticeship model. Using a fading concept, students move from staff-directed to independent practitioners in the development and demonstration of partnership building skills. The model offers an example of cross-program scaffolding for skills that could be adapted to other competencies, disciplines, and contexts.
A Novel Contact by a Novel Protein Complex Supports Cholesterol Transport to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Harada Akihiro
Published: June 2018

Cholesterol is an essential component of membrane lipids and a starting material for hormone synthesis. After cholesterol is delivered to the cell as low-density lipoprotein, it is endocytosed and degraded in lysosomes to liberate free cholesterol. Free cholesterol is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and esterified for further use. However, the mechanisms that transport cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum are poorly understood. We searched for binding proteins of a small GTP-binding protein, Rab11, and identified a novel protein, Rab11-binding protein containing LisH, coiled coil, and heat repeats (RELCH). RELCH also binds to oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), an essential protein for nonvesicular cholesterol transport. The Rab11-RELCH-OSBP complex was found to tether to recycling endosomes and the trans-Golgi network, thereby mediating nonvesicular cholesterol transport between them. This pathway is distinct from the cholesterol transport pathway identified previously. In the absence of this complex, cholesterol accumulates in lysosomes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the involvement of this complex in diseases associated with cholesterol transport.
A case of acute myeloid leukemia with promyelocytic features characterized by expression of a novel RARG-CPSF6 fusion
Authors: Miller Christopher A. , Tricarico Christopher , Skidmore Zachary L. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Lee Yi-Shan , Hassan Anjum , O’Laughlin Michelle D. , Schmidt Heather , Tian Ling , Duncavage Eric J. , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Welch John S. , Wartman Lukas D.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Novel RARG-CPSF6 fusion in an AML case with promyelocytic features and no evidence of PML-RARA or X-RARA fusion. Gene fusions involving RARG can initiate AML with promyelocytic morphological features.
Reporting data analysis methods in high-impact respiratory journals
Authors: Nieminen Pentti , Toljamo Tuula , Vähänikkilä Hannu
Published: June 2018

Data analysis methods play an important role in respiratory research. We evaluated the application and complexity of data analytical methods in high-impact respiratory journals and compared the statistical reporting in these respiratory articles with reports published in other eminent medical journals.

This study involved a total of 160 papers published in 2015 in theEuropean Respiratory Journal, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ChestandThorax, and 680 papers published between 2007–2015 in other medical journals including theLancetandNew England Journal of Medicine. We manually reviewed the articles to determine the way in which they reported the methods applied in data analysis.

The statistical intensity in the respiratory journals was equal to that in eminent medical journals. Traditional ways of testing statistical significance were widely used in respiratory articles. Statistical procedures were not always described in sufficient detail, and the prominent respiratory journals did not display different profiles with respect to their statistical content.

Readers of the prominent respiratory journals need to possess a substantial level of statistical expertise if they wish to critically evaluate the design, methodology, data analysis and interpretation of the findings published in these journals.
Chest ultrasonography to assess the kinetics and efficacy of talc pleurodesis in a model of pneumothorax: an experimental animal study
Authors: Tazi-Mezalek Rachid , Frankel Diane , Fortin Marc , Kaspi Elise , Guinde Julien , Assolen Alexandra , Laroumagne Sophie , Robaglia Andree , Dutau Herve , Roll Patrice , Astoul Philippe
Published: June 2018

Talc pleurodesis is used to avoid recurrences in malignant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The lack of lung sliding detected by chest ultrasonography (CUS) after talc application is indicative of the effectiveness of pleurodesis. The objective of our study was to explore, in an animal model, the capacity of CUS to predict the quality of a symphysis induced by talc poudrage (TP) and talc slurry (TS).

We induced an artificial pneumothorax in six healthy pigs prior to talc application. TP was performed on one hemithorax, followed by TS on the other side 1 week later. 108 points on the chest were marked and evaluated by ultrasonography during the study.

TP showed higher sonographic scores compared to TS starting from 72 h after talc administration. At autopsy, a higher grade of symphysis was observed for TP, and a high correlation rate was registered between CUS and macroscopic findings. Histological analysis also showed a higher grade of pleural symphysis for TP.

CUS is a reliable tool to assess talc pleurodesis. The quality and kinetics of the pleural symphysis are also evaluable by ultrasonography. Pleurodesis by TP is more effective than TS in this experimental model of pneumothorax.
To what extent do mesophotic coral ecosystems and shallow reefs share species of conservation interest? A systematic review
Authors: Laverick Jack H. , Piango Shanice , Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Exton Dan A. , Bongaerts Pim , Bridge Tom C. L. , Lesser Michael P. , Pyle Richard L. , Slattery Marc , Wagner Daniel , Rogers Alex D.
Published: June 2018

Background

Globally, shallow-water coral reef biodiversity is at risk from a variety of threats, some of which may attenuate with depth. Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs), occurring from 30 to 40 m and deeper in tropical locations, have been subject to a surge of research this century. Though a number of valuable narrative reviews exist, a systematic quantitative synthesis of published MCE studies is lacking. We conducted a systematic review to collate mesophotic research, including studies from the twentieth century to the present. We highlight current biases in research effort, regarding locations and subject matter, and suggest where more attention may be particularly valuable. Following a notable number of studies considering the potential for mesophotic reefs to act as refuges, it is important to know how comprehensive these sources of recruits and organisms capable of moving to shallow water reefs may be.

Methods

We search seven sources of bibliographic data with two search strings, as well as personal libraries. Articles were included if they contained species presence data from both shallower and deeper than 30 m depth on tropical coral reefs. Studies were critically appraised based on the number of species identified and balanced sampling effort with depth. Maximum and minimum depths per species were extracted from each study, along with study region and taxon. We quantified the degree of community overlap between shallow tropical reefs (< 30 m) and reefs surveyed at the same locations below 30 m. Proportions of shallow species, across all studied taxa, observed deeper than 30 m were used to generate log odds ratios and passed to a mixed-effects model. Study location and taxon were included as effect modifiers. Funnel plots, regression tests, fail safe numbers, and analysis of a high validity subgroup contributed to sensitivity analyses and tests of bias.

Results

Across all studies synthesised we found two-thirds of shallow species were present on mesophotic reefs. Further analysis by taxon and broad locations show that this pattern is influenced geographically and taxonomically. Community overlap was estimated as low as 26% and as high as 97% for some cases.

Conclusions

There is clear support for the hypothesis that protecting mesophotic reefs will also help to conserve shallow water species. At the same time, it is important to note that this study does not address mesophotic-specialist communities, or the ecological forces which would permit refuge dynamics. As we limit our analysis to species only present above 30 m it is also possible diversity found exclusively deeper than 30 m warrants protection in its own right. Further research into relatively ignored taxa and geographic regions will help improve the design of protected areas in future.
Sheltering archaeological sites in Malta: lessons learnt
Authors: Cassar JoAnn , Cefai Shirley , Grima Reuben , Stroud Katya
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review the performance of the protective shelters installed over three archaeological sites in Malta over the past decade, and to draw some key lessons learnt that may be useful to others when considering whether to adopt a similar solution. The conservation threats to the Megalithic Temples of Malta are introduced and defined—these range from material issues (loss of surface) to structural issues (cracking and dislodgement of stones leading to structural instability and collapses). Causes identified specifically included fluctuating environmental conditions: wetting and drying cycles and thermal fluctuations, combined with the salt-laden Mediterranean island environment. The recognition during the late twentieth century of these issues as key factors in the deterioration of these structures, and the strategy that was developed in response, are outlined. A key component of this strategy was the installation of protective shelters over three of the main megalithic sites. The process through which the design requirements for the shelters were defined is reviewed. The performance of the shelters is then examined, through a critical review of unpublished reports and published studies. An evidence-based summary of the beneficial effects of the shelters is provided, and the possibility of any harmful effects discussed. A number of lessons learnt through this process are then identified. One key lesson is that the microenvironment in a newly-sheltered site is at a transitional stage that does not necessarily reflect longer-term trends, which therefore require long-term monitoring to be understood. The choice and number of environmental parameters to be monitored need to be informed by a careful consideration of their sustainability, both in terms of equipment and human resources. Any monitoring programme, however well-designed, needs to be open to re-evaluation and revision where needed. As more experience and data are accumulated from different sheltering projects, it will become more feasible to establish performance indicators in advance of a sheltering intervention, on the basis of which to evaluate its performance. The experience of these projects is then used to inform a checklist of key considerations for anyone considering whether to shelter an archaeological site. The foremost consideration is that every site requires a site-specific strategy tailored to its needs. The decision whether a shelter is desirable, and what its performance requirements should be, may only be taken in the context of such a strategy. This paper should help define the parameters for such a decision to take place.
Western and/or universal social sciences?
Authors: Széll György
Published: June 2018

Since several decades there is a critical debate, if social sciences are Euro-centric resp. Western. For sure, modern social sciences have emerged since the Renaissance foremost in Europe. The U.S.A. have become since a century also within the social sciences a hegemon. Nevertheless, social sciences as such are not an invention of the West. All cultures had and have some kind of social theory, which was resp. is often embedded within a religious context and framed via legal regulations. Culture is about values, and all science is part of a given culture. Probably the biggest influence on modern social sciences came from the Greek philosophy, transmitted by the Romans and the Arabs. Actually Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) can be regarded as the first social scientist, long before Machiavelli, Erasmus from Rotterdam or Hobbes, Thomas Morus et al. Humanism was the outcome.

In regard to our topic Zygmunt Bauman makes a pertinent differentiation between global vs. universal. Modern globalisation is a process, which certainly dates back to early modern times, which was coined by a fundamental value change. That leads us to the question: Where do values, ethics come from? From religion, ideology, metaphysics, Enlightenment, common sense, mythology, tradition or/and science? Are there competing values? Postmodernists declare that there are no common values anymore: Everything goes! (Wittgenstein, Feyerabend, Derrida, Foucault …) But then, what about the responsibility of scientists for their writings and actions? When we discuss therefore the issue of Western versus universal structures these are always related to value systems. And we have to concede that 'universal' is an ideal, which will never be reached. Today's increasingly globalized world is dominated by the capitalist mode of production since more than 200 years, and it dominates all sciences as well. Globalisation is driven by capitalism and imperialism. Technology (namely military) allowed Western Europe to dominate nearly the whole world since, although other parts of the world were already more developed in many domains. But this is not a unilinear process, as dialectics set counterforces free.
Recording active-seismic ground rotations using induction-coil magnetometers
Authors: Barak Ohad , Key Kerry , Constable Steven , Ronen Shuki
Published: June 2018

Most of the current rotational sensing technology is not geared toward the recording of seismic rotations’ amplitudes and frequencies. There are few instruments that are designed for rotational seismology, and the technology for building them is currently being developed. There are no mass industrial producers of seismic rotation sensors as there are for geophones, and only one current sensor model can be deployed on the ocean bottom. We reviewed some current rotational-seismic acquisition technologies, and developed a new method of recording rotations using an existing, robust and field-deployable technology that had seen extensive use in large exploration surveys: induction-coil magnetometers. We conducted an active seismic experiment, in which we found that magnetometers could be used to record seismic rotations. We converted the magnetometer data to rotation-rate data, and validated them by comparing the waveforms and amplitudes with rotation rates recorded by electrokinetic rotation sensors.
Toward a stable iterative migration velocity analysis scheme
Authors: Cocher Emmanuel , Chauris Hervé , Plessix René-Édouard
Published: June 2018

Migration velocity analysis is a family of methods aiming at automatically recovering large-scale trends of the velocity model from primary reflection data. We studied an image-domain version, in which the model is extended with the subsurface offset and we use the differential semblance optimization objective function. To incorporate first-order surface multiples in this method, the standard migration step is replaced by a least-squares iterative scheme aiming at determining an extended reflectivity model explaining primaries and multiples. Hence, this iterative migration velocity analysis strategy takes the form of a nested optimization problem, with gradient-based minimization techniques for the inner (migration part) and outer loops (macromodel estimation). The behavior of the outer loop gradient is unstable, depending on the number of iterations of the inner loop. This problem is addressed by slightly modifying the outer loop objective function: A “filter” operator attenuating unwanted energy in the extended reflectivity is applied before evaluating the focusing of reflectivity images. Simple synthetic numerical examples illustrate that this modification improves the stability of the gradient. In addition, a less expensive outer gradient computation is proposed, without harming the background velocity updates.
Application of n-of-1 treatment trials in schizophrenia: systematic review – ERRATUM
Authors: Marwick Katie F. M. , Stevenson Anna J. , Davies Caitlin , Lawrie Stephen M.
Published: June 2018

This notice describes a correction to the above mentioned paper.
Dosimetric evaluation of VMAT for palliative radiotherapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Richmond Neil , Ogilvie Audrey , Pilling Karen , Willis Nicholas , Byrne John , Walker Christopher , West Nicholas
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To compare the dosimetric consequences of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for high-dose palliative thoracic radiotherapy through comparison with conventionally used isocentric parallel opposed pair (POP) of fields.

Methods:

20 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received 36 Gy in 12 fractions using a POP technique were re-planned using a single VMAT arc. Salient dosimetric parameters were compared between the plans using a paired t-test.

Results:

VMAT demonstrated dosimetric superiority; all PTV dose parameters were significantly improved and importantly the volume of normal lung receiving a high dose was also significantly reduced (mean volume of normal lung receiving 36 Gy was 12.9% in POP vs 1.8% in VMAT, p < 0.005).

Conclusion:

The standard POP technique does not take into account tissue densities which results in higher doses to the normal tissue outside the target volume and reduced conformity to the PTV.

Advances in knowledge:

With the help of modern VMAT techniques, it is possible to effectively achieve highly conformal dose delivery which may provide an opportunity to escalate the dose to the tumour in this group of patients.
Identifier Mapping in Cytoscape: idmapper
Authors: Treister Adam , Pico Alexander R.
Published: June 2018

Identifier Mapping, the association of terms across disparate taxonomies and databases, is a common hurdle in bioinformatics workflows. The idmapper app for Cytoscape simplifies identifier mapping for genes and proteins in the context of common biological networks. This app provides a unified interface to different identifier resources accessible through a right-click on the table's column header. It also provides an OSGi programming interface via Cytoscape Commands and CyREST that can be utilized for identifier mapping in scripts and other Cytoscape apps, and supports integrated Swagger documentation.
Dynamic Relational Contracts for Quality Enforcement in Supply Chains
Authors: Bondareva Mariya , Pinker Edieal
Published: June 2018

We model the interaction of a single buyer with a single supplier within a market in a developing country with homogeneous local suppliers and homogeneous buyers from developed nations. The buyer sources a product from a supplier and then inspects and sells it on the market, subject to quality standards such as regulations about chemical content. Suppliers decide how much effort to exert to ensure compliance with quality standards. Buyers are assumed to comply with contracts because they are based in countries with strong legal systems. We assume that legal enforcement of the supplier’s contractual obligations is not possible. We model the interaction between buyer and supplier as a repeated game in which the partnership can be terminated by the buyer if the supplier refuses to pay penalties for quality violations. After termination, the buyer and supplier each search for a new business partner. We model the interaction between buyer and supplier using relational contacts in which penalties for quality failures are set so that the supplier voluntarily pays them. We show that optimal relational contracts have dynamic form in this setting because the value of the outside option available to the parties, if the relationship is terminated, is determined by the contract terms. We characterize the properties of the optimal dynamic equilibria and analyze the use of third-party quality certifications within this framework.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2990 .

This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Cardinality Bundling with Spence–Mirrlees Reservation Prices
Authors: Wu Jianqing “Fisher” , Tawarmalani Mohit , Kannan Karthik N.
Published: June 2018

We study the pricing of cardinality bundles, where firms set prices that depend only on the size of the purchased bundle, a practice that is increasingly being adopted by industry. The model we study, where consumer choices are discrete, was originally proposed by Hitt and Chen [Hitt L, Chen P (2005) Bundling with customer self-selection: A simple approach to bundling low-marginal-cost goods. Management Sci. 51(10):1481–1493], and it requires that consumers’ preferences obey the Spence–Mirrlees single-crossing property. We correct prior approaches and develop various structural and managerial insights. We develop a fast combinatorial technique to obtain the optimal prices. We extend our analysis to address a quantity discount problem originally proposed in Spence [Spence M (1980) Multi-product quantity-dependent prices and profitability constraints. Rev. Econom. Stud. 47(5):821–841]. We provide examples that demonstrate that the proposed approach of Spence (1980) only identifies local optima without providing guidance on selecting the globally optimal pricing function. Our insights from the discrete model are extended to this context to develop a scheme that provides solutions within an arbitrary prespecified tolerance. Consequently, we also solve the continuous version of the cardinality bundling problem.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
The influence of the smartphone: Part 2
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: June 2018

Smartphones are changing the cultural influences on children's development. In part two of her six-part series, Dr Stephanie Thornton considers what we know about the influence of smartphones on cognition and concentration
Support your data protection officer
Authors: Walton Beth
Published: June 2018

The General Data Protection Regulation is now in effect and all schools must have a data protection officer in position. Beth Walton looks at how schools must now support their DPO to carry out their duties effectively
Longevity of wild pansy flowers treated with growth regulators
Authors: Da Silva Tania Pires , Araujo Fernanda Ferreira , Finger Fernando Luiz
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth regulators action on the senescence of wild pansy flowers. In the first experiment, floral stems were treated with ethylene for 24 hours at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μL L-1 and control without the hormone. In a second experiment, the flowers were immersed in solutions of abscisic acid (ABA) containing 5, 20, 50 and 100 μM for one minute and control with water. In a third experiment, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μL L-1 and control without the chemical. In a fourth experiment, 1-MCP and ethylene were applied, where 1-MCP was first applied followed by ethylene. After the treatments with 1-MCP and ethylene, the floral stems were removed from the hermetic chambers and kept in a vessel containing distilled water at 25 °C, 10 μmol m-2 s- 1 white fluorescent light and 50-70% relative humidity as for the ABA treatment. Flowers treated with ethylene did not present significant differences among the concentrations for visual senescence, showing evidence that this flower is not sensitive to ethylene. Treatment with 1000 μL L-1 of ethylene led to a slightly higher fresh weight loss than other treatments, which had a loss of about 33% at end of the experiment. For the ABA treatment, the flowers showed similar fresh weight loss among the different treatments; however, higher concentrations induced slight senescence of flowers. The use of 1-MCP increased the longevity of wild pansy flowers. These results show that 1-MCP is beneficial in maintaining the flower water status, even in the presence of exogenous ethylene, although ethylene may not be directly involved in the senescence of wild pansy flowers.
Border as Refuge: Demarcating Safe Spaces in Times of Conflict
Authors: Yagod Maier
Published: June 2018

Borders have become one of the most controversial topics of our times. Identifiable borders, be they physical barriers, markings or the physical delimiters of socially constructed entities, are essential to how we designate living spaces, land allocations, territorial ownership and jurisdiction and, in a more abstract sense, how we analyze and study natural and social realities as such.

Throughout the war in Syria during the past few years we have seen a mass migration within and out of Syria in search of safety. Some of the internally displaced persons (IDP) sought refuge along the border with Israel, Syria’s seven-decade-long mortal enemy. This choice might seem odd in light of the fact that these refugees show no intention of crossing the border into Israeli controlled areas.

The article focuses on the “border area” as a space in itself, an unplanned, independent
locus that because of unanticipated, anomalous circumstances became a haven from danger for Syrian refugees. These “internal refugees” effectively exploited the proximity of Israeli military forces to shield and protect themselves from their current feared assailants. Syrian IDP flee to areas where personal safety and protection were considered inconceivable in the past.

The border areas adapted by Syrian displaced persons to their need for safe refuge are products of the interaction between desperate but resourceful people and the reality of displacement, insecurity and lack of shelter. The habitable spaces they created derive their distinctive character not from recognized theories of planning or regulatory oversight, but from the logic, ingenuity and inspiration of the mother of invention: necessity or, in more prosaic terms, from the exigencies of “informal planning.”
On Multifaceted Commonality: Theories of Social Pedagogy in Germany
Authors: Sandermann Philipp , Neumann Sascha
Published: June 2018

This paper makes an attempt to interpret the German debate on social pedagogy as a multifaceted perspective that, whilst diverse in its assumptions about what social pedagogy is, also shows a striking commonality. To exemplify this, we intentionally focus on dominant theories of social pedagogy in Germany, which aim to directly answer the question of what social pedagogy is. However, in attempting to contribute to a clearer understanding of social pedagogy as a theoretical phenomenon, it is not sufficient to describe these theories and the various ideas of social pedagogy they generate. Instead, it is essential to deconstruct how these theories reify their numerous assumptions on social pedagogy. We will therefore argue that it is worthwhile not to focus too narrowly on what is reified as social pedagogy in dominant theories in Germany. Instead, we suggest a careful analysis of how social pedagogy is commonly theorized. Our hypothesis is that, in Germany, prominent theories of social pedagogy reify social pedagogy by means of a distinctively ontological mode of reification. This mode we see as a common pattern of dominant theories of social pedagogy in Germany, regardless of the different objects of social pedagogy produced by these theories. Beyond a mere critique, we intend to also explain this mode at the end of our paper and raise the question whether it might point to a broader concept of how theories of social pedagogy and social work are usually generated in Germany and beyond.
Development of Parvalbumin-Expressing Basket Terminals in Layer II of the Rat Medial Entorhinal Cortex
Authors: Berggaard Nina , Bjerke Ingvild E. , B. Paulsen Anna E. , Hoang Linh , T. Skogaker Nan E. , Witter Menno P. , van der Want Johannes J. L.
Published: June 2018

Grid cells in layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC LII) generate multiple regular firing fields in response to the position and speed of an individual within the environment. They exhibit a protracted postnatal development and, in the adult, show activity differences along the dorsoventral axis (DVA). Evidence suggests parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, most of which are perisomatic-targeting cells, play a crucial role in generation of the hexagonal grid cell activity pattern. We therefore hypothesized that the development and organization of PV+perisomatic terminals in MEC LII reflect the postnatal emergence of the hexagonal firing pattern and dorsoventral differences seen in grid cell activity. We used immuno-electron microscopy to examine the development of PV+perisomatic terminals and their target somata within dorsal and ventral MEC LII in rats of postnatal day (P)10, P15, and P30. We demonstrate that in dorsal and ventral MEC LII, the cross-sectional area of somata and number and density of perisomatic PV+terminals increase between P10 and P15. A simultaneous decrease was observed in cross-sectional area of PV+terminals. Between P15 and P30, both MEC regions showed an increase in PV+terminal size and percentage of PV+terminals containing mitochondria, which may enable grid cell activity to emerge and stabilize. We also report that dorsal somata are larger and apposed by more PV+terminals than ventral somata at all stages, suggesting a protracted maturation in the ventral portion and a possible gradient in soma size and PV+basket innervation along the DVA in the adult.
¿Salud individual y salud colectiva?
Authors: Cabezas Sánchez César
Published: June 2018

A través de la historia el concepto de salud ha ido variando, así como las definiciones de la salud pública, salud individual y salud colectiva, incluyendo a la salud como un derecho fundamental de los ciudadanos. En este número, Anales de la Facultad, abarca diversos temas relacionados a lo que serían problemas de salud colectiva y salud individual. En el primer grupo podemos destacar dos de los artículos que abordan problemas de salud mental que constituye un serio problema en nuestro país, donde más 13% peruanos han presentado un trastorno de salud mental en el último año, siendo urgente su atención para el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos (1).
Frecuencia y características de obesos con y sin riesgo cardiometabólico
Authors: Garmendia Fausto , Pando Rosa , Hernández Martín
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia y características de una población de pacientes obesos con y sin riesgo cardiometabólico (RCM) y revisar el concepto de obeso cardiometabólico normal (OCMN). Materiales y Métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal, de 105 pacientes obesos, de 30 a 75 años, de ambos géneros. Recolectados de un programa preventivo promocional de mayo de 2015 a abril del año 2016. Previo consentimiento informado, se registró la edad, género, medidas antropométricas, presión arterial (PA), antecedentes personales y familiares de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). En ayunas, se determinó en sangre glucosa (G), colesterol total (CT), colesterol HDL, triglicéridos (Tg), creatinina, proteínas plasmáticas, bilirrubinas, transaminasas (AST,ALT), fosfatasa alcalina (FA) y gamaglutamiltranspeptidasa (GGTP), por métodos convencionales; las fracciones VLDL, LDL y NoHDL fueron calculados. Se empleó el programa SPSS.23 para el análisis estadístico Resultados. El 77,4% fueron mujeres, edad promedio 51±0,86 años. El 45,7% tuvo obesidad grado I, 24,7% grado II y 29,5% grado III. Las mujeres tuvieron menor talla, peso y circunferencia abdominal (CA) y cifras más altas de HDL que los varones, no hubo diferencias en otros parámetros. El 89,2 % de mujeres y 87% de varones tuvieron dislipoproteinemia; hipertensión arterial (HTA): mujeres 20,7% y varones 21,4%; tabaquismo: mujeres 5,5% y varones 42,3%; hiperglicemia: mujeres 14,2% y varones 14,2%; macrosomía/bajo peso al nacer: mujeres 6,9%, varones 0; enzimas hepáticas elevadas: mujeres 29,8%, varones 32,1%. El 9,5% fueron OCMN por tener PA, G, cHDL, Tg, cLDL cNoHDL normales. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes obesos tuvieron RCM, solo 10 (9,5%) fueron OCMN.
Juntas de Usuarios de los Servicios de Salud en el Perú: conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas sobre la protección de sus derechos
Authors: Jeri-De-Pinho María
Published: June 2018

Introducción. La participación social y el empoderamiento de los ciudadanos constituyen una función esencial de la salud pública, necesaria para la acción colectiva de protección, promoción, y mejora de la salud. La Superintendencia Nacional de Salud (SUSALUD) es una institución que protege los derechos en salud, empoderando al ciudadano en el centro del sistema de salud nacional, promoviendo la responsabilidad compartida mediante las Juntas de Usuarios de los Servicios de Salud (JUS). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas de los miembros de las JUS sobre el marco normativo y funciones de SUSALUD y las JUS, en el periodo 2015-2016. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo en siete regiones del Perú con la participación de 67 miembros de las JUS. Se aplicó una encuesta de medición de conocimientos, percepciones, y prácticas. Resultados. Los 67 miembros de las JUS fueron mayores de 18 años, 56,7% con estudios superiores, 58,2% dentro de la población económicamente activa, y 70,1% participó previamente de una organización. Más del 60% de encuestados conocían el marco normativo y funciones de SUSALUD y las JUS. En lo referente a los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas, existe una predisposición a la difusión y promoción de la participación ciudadana de los usuarios de servicios de salud. Conclusiones. Los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas de los miembros de las JUS de siete regiones del Perú son adecuados para la estrategia de materializar la participación ciudadana en la gestión institucional para la contribución a la protección y promoción de la salud.
Satisfacción materna de la consejería en suplementación infantil con hierro realizada por el personal de salud
Authors: Dolores-Maldonado Gandy , Liria-Dominguez Reyna , Espinoza-Bernardo Sissy
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El momento de la consejería respecto a la suplementación es importante, porque permite transmitir mensajes claves para la prevención o tratamiento de la anemia, que posteriormente llegarían a acuerdos en beneficio de la salud del niño. Sin embargo, existe poca información sobre la satisfacción materna durante la consejería. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el nivel de satisfacción de la madre respecto a consejería brindada por personal de salud que brinda la suplementación. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal con muestreo no probabilístico en el distrito de Puente Piedra, Lima – Perú, en el año 2016. Participaron 95 madres con niños menores de tres años. Se evaluaron tres dimensiones de satisfacción (técnico-científico, interpersonal y confort/soporte comunicacional) con una encuesta estructurada, validada por expertos. Las respuestas se calificaron entre 0 a 3 puntos (sí: 3, regularmente: 2, mínimamente: 1 y no: 0). El nivel de satisfacción se clasificó, sumando el puntaje de cada respuesta, como: bajo, medio, alto (0-7, 8-14, 15-21 puntos; respectivamente). Los resultados se presentan en frecuencias y porcentajes (variables cualitativas), y mediana y rango intercuartil (variables cuantitativas). Resultados. La satisfacción general de las madres fue media (45%), respecto a sus dimensiones la técnicocientífico fue baja (57%), y la interpersonal y confort/soporte comunicacional fue media (40% y 43%, respectivamente). Conclusión. Existe una satisfacción media y baja en la consejería consejería brindada por personal de salud que brinda la suplementación.
Determinación de perfiles plasmídicos de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido aisladas en urocultivos
Authors: Suarez Carlos , Monteghirfo Mario , Gonzales Edgar
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El aumento de las tasas de resistencia en bacterias uropatógenas y su propagación se han convertido en un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, cobrando mayor importancia la diseminación de aislamientos resistentes productores de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido, resultando útil la caracterización molecular de plásmidos y otros elementos genéticos de las bacterias para establecer la relación genética que existe entre ellas y tener datos relevantes que puedan sugerir la dirección de propagación de este tipo de resistencia. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue determinar los perfiles plasmídicos en aislamientos de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido de urocultivos del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal. Resultados. Se determinaron diferentes patrones electroforéticos, obteniéndose de 1 hasta 7 bandas por muestra y en total 15 bandas de distinto tamaño, variando desde 1.5 kb hasta más de 20 kb. Teniendo en cuenta los patrones de huella obtenidos, los aislamientos estudiados se distribuyeron en diferentes grupos o ramas, usando el programa NTSYSpc 2.1 y el algoritmo de agrupamiento UPGMA. Conclusión. No se encontró similitud genética marcada entre los aislamientos de origen comunitario y de origen asociado a atención sanitaria, por lo que no se puede establecer una relación significativa y determinar un origen común entre los mismos.
La figura de Hermilio Valdizán Medrano en la medicina peruana
Authors: Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: June 2018

En enero de 1918 —hace 100 años—, acontecieron dos hechos de gran importancia para la medicina peruana: la aparición del primer número de los Anales de la Facultad de Medicina y la inauguración del Asilo Colonia de la Magdalena, actualmente conocido como Hospital “Víctor Larco Herrera”. Entre los notables médicos que participaron en ambos sucesos, destaca la figura de Hermilio Valdizán Medrano, padre de la psiquiatría peruana. Graduado en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Valdizán participó activamente en el mundo académico de inicios del siglo XX, promoviendo grandes reformas pedagógicas, además de su trabajo como publicista e historiador. Asimismo, destacó en la clínica psiquiátrica, introduciendo la enseñanza y evaluación estructurada de la medicina mental, con base en el hombre peruano. Actualmente, podemos apreciar el alcance de su gran visión, como un adelantado a su tiempo, pues rescató a las personas con trastornos mentales y recuperó la sabiduría de nuestro pasado ante el desprecio. En el presente artículo presentamos, de forma breve, la vida y obra académica de Valdizán, con la finalidad de afianzar la identidad de la medicina y psiquiatría peruanas.
Spontán suprachorioidealis vérzés okozta vakság véralvadásgátló kezelésben részesült időskori makuladegenerációs betegeken
Authors: Ecsedy Mónika , Csákány Béla , Kovács Illés , Resch Miklós , Nagy Zoltán , Récsán Zsuzsa
Published: June 2018

Abstract:

We present cases of blinding spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage in anticoagulant taking wet-AMD patients. A retrospective study has been performed to present the clinical course, management and final outcome of spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage in 7 eyes of six age-related macular degeneration patients seen in our clinic from January 2016 to April 2017. All patients were on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy because of cardiovascular disorder. In one patient, haematological disorder was also present modifying significantly the haemostasis. All eyes received prior anti-VEGF treatment for exsudative AMD. Acute angle closure glaucoma – with no response to topical and oral IOP lowering therapy – was the most frequent ocular complication in our cases. The final visual prognosis was usually very poor. The risk of spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage is increased in wet-AMD patients who are on anticoagulant therapy. To prevent this blinding condition, a stronger communication between ophthalmologists and cardiologists would be beneficial, with an ophthalmological check-up in this group of patients before and during the use of anticoagulants. Orv Hetil. 2018, 159(24): 985–990.
DNA extraction for the Betta splendens genome v1
Authors: Ma Kailong
Published: June 2018

This protocol is used to clarity the process of total DNA extraction for our Betta splendens genome.
RNA extraction for the Betta splendens genome v1
Authors: Ma Kailong
Published: June 2018

This protocol is used to clarity the process of RNA extraction for our Betta splendens genome.
Cybersecurity Research Meets Science and Technology Studies
Authors: Dunn Cavelty Myriam
Published: June 2018

This article sets out to show how different understandings of technology as suggested by Science and Technology Studies (STS) help reveal different political facets of cybersecurity. Using cybersecurity research as empirical site, it is shown that two separate ways of understanding cybertechnologies are prevalent in society. The primary one sees cybertechnologies as apolitical, flawed, material objects that need to be fixed in order to create more security; the other understands them as mere political tools in the hands of social actors without considering technological (im)possibilities. This article suggests a focus on a third understanding to bridge the uneasy gap between the two others: technology defined as an embodiment of societal knowledge. The article posits that in line with that, the study of cyberpolitics would benefit from two innovations: a focus on cybersecurity as social practice―enacted and stabilized through the circulation of knowledge about vulnerabilities―and a focus on the practices employed in the discovery, exploitation and removal of those vulnerabilities.
Medicines development in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Elegant Victoria
Published: June 2018

The Asia Pacific region is an extremely diverse region, characterized by heterogeneity from a number of aspects, including culture, religion, economics, landscapes, and languages. This also applies to the standard of medical care and the regulatory requirements for approval of drugs in the region. Developed economies such as Japan and Australia have requirements which are not dissimilar to those of the EU and USA, but still have their own unique requirements. The developing economies all have their own requirements. In the ASEAN region there is harmonization of the dossier format, but each country still has local requirements. The region has seen significant growth in clinical trial activity, both to satisfy local registration and safety requirements and to help accelerate global trial patient recruitment. There is a clear need for training in all aspects of medical, regulatory, clinical and safety aspects of medicines development, which is being addressed through several organizations and at different locations in the region.