bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TURKEY – NATO'S AMBASSADOR IN NAGORNO KARABAKH?
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mamishova N.
Published: June 2024

It was in full swing of the 2020 newly-blown Nagorno Karabakh war when during an online press conference following the meetings of NATO Defense Ministers its Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg openly denoted Turkey as the one expected to "use its considerable influence in the region to calm tensions". Amid Armenia's accusations of Ankara allegedly playing a negative role in the conflict, this was a living testament of Turkey being a "valued Ally" of NATO. Pushing a political solution to the conflict, in which NATO was though not part in and around, the Alliance apparently sought to "level the playing field" within the Minsk Process, whose activity was never effective. The peace efforts of the OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by Russia and two powerful NATO allies – France and the United States, proved to be obsolete and unhelpful in the long-standing territorial dispute between Yerevan and Baku. Somehow, inserting Turkey into this configuration of powers consequently managed to bring some stability to the region. This study aims at investigating how comes that Russia "sanctioned" having Turkey, another NATO member, as a "certified" player on the field and that Armenia-favoring France let engage the country which has even no diplomatic relations with Yerevan. It concludes consequently that self-positioning of Turkey as a non-conventional NATO ally pursuing an autonomous foreign and security policy has been a critical factor.
Multi-criterion analysis-based artificial intelligence system for condition monitoring of electrical transformers
Authors: Gopi Mulpuru , Ranga Chilaka
Published: June 2024

In this present paper, a novel multi-criterion-based fuzzy logic (FL) expert system using different membership functions (MFs) is proposed to determine the overall health index (OHI) of electrical transformers. 30 oil samples from different field transformers installed at various locations
in Himachal Pradesh, India, are collected for the analysis and various diagnostic tests are conducted on each of the oil samples. The diagnostic testing data are utilised for the proposed methodology. Initially, the diagnostic data are normalised using the well-known multi-criterion analysis
(MCA) method. The normalised input data are grouped into three grades, ie total dissolved combustible gases (TDCGs), oil insulation and paper insulation. Furthermore, a fuzzy logic model is designed based on the three different grades. Output health indices are determined for each of the samples.
Comparison and validation of the proposed model is conducted with the expert model, as well as the preknown health status of 150 transformers installed in the Gulf region. The expert model is designed with a trapezoidal membership function, whereas the proposed model considers the popular
Gauss-2. From the comparison, it is observed that the accuracy of the proposed model is 98%, while the accuracy of the expert model is 96%, making the proposed model more accurate. Moreover, a plan of action for proper maintenance is also recommended for each transformer, based
on the evaluated health index. The proper maintenance of transformers leads to improvements in their service life. The present work is beneficial not only for transformer utilities but also for customers. The model is straightforward to understand, even for inexperienced staff and maintenance
managers.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Grushkin Donald A. , Brune Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
Authors: Kravchenko Dmitry V , Zinovkin Dmitry A , Davydov Denis A , Kisialeu Pavel G , Kopschaj Pavel A , Savchenko Oleg , Savchenko Mariya , Barauniova Maryna V , Portyanko Anna S , Pranjol Md Zahidul Islam
Published: June 2024

NONE
Liberdade de expressão e profissionais civis da segurança pública: estudo da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 734
Authors: Marques Gabriel Manzano Dias , Moreira Felipe Kauê Lima , Steinmetz Wilson Antônio
Published: June 2024

Examinam-se a decisão e os fundamentos da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 734 em que se enfrentou a liberdade de expressão e sua extensão aos agentes de segurança pública civis. Por meio de metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, identificam-se as balizas fundamentais dos argumentos jurídicos e metajurídicos. Conclui-se que o Supremo Tribunal Federal poderia ter enfrentado com maior profundidade a possibilidade de se harmonizar na maior medida do possível o direito fundamental a liberdade de expressão com as restrições próprias às carreiras policiais civis.
Aportes a la Sala del traje afro para el Museo de Trajes por parte de estudiantes de Diseño CUN
Authors: Alvira Gomez Lidia Esperanza
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los aportes del programa de Diseño de Modas de la CUN al contribuir con piezas para la Sala del Traje Afro del Museo de Trajes, con trabajos realizados por estudiantes de segundo, tercer semestre y docentes del programa, con el fin de ayudar conservar y rescatar la memoria ancestral de los pueblos afrodescendientes de la costa Pacífica y Atlántica del país.
Diseño sustentable y código abierto
Authors: Domancich Gisela , Herrero Lucas
Published: June 2024

En el siguiente relato se describen las particularidades del diseño sustentable y código abierto.
What Might Considering the Criminalization of Emotional Abuse Teach Us About Defining It?
Authors: Hotz Mark
Published: June 2024

Although the issue has been discussed for decades, the field of intimate partner violence struggles with the lack of a consensus definition for emotional abuse. In this article, it is suggested that differences in definition are caused by everyday variation in value judgment among researchers. To address this, it is argued that investigating emotional abuse should be acknowledged as an exercise in moral thought as much as it is in scientific rigor. Looking at the philosophy of criminalization, such as the work of Joel Feinberg or Douglas Husak, it is proposed that criminalization theory may serve to guide research on emotional abuse, reduce or overcome the definitional issue, and reveal problematic gaps in understanding. This article will present a general description of the philosophical and legal questions involved in the hypothetical criminalization of emotional abuse, evaluate existing research from that perspective, and propose a minimalist rather than comprehensive approach to definition, an approach involving either focusing only on those behaviors judged to meet the standards for potential criminalization or conceptualizing the range of emotionally abusive behaviors as distinct phenomena to be studied independently.
X (TWITTER) TÜRKİYE EVRENİNİN DİKKAT EKONOMİSİ VE EKONOMİ POLİTİK ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: Evren Fuat Boğaç
Published: June 2024

Daha önceki birçok araştırma, internet ve sosyal medya üretketicilerinin dijital emeğini belli başlı internet sitelerinin ve ana akım sosyal medyaların hedefli reklamcılık sistemi üzerinde durarak ekonomi politik eleştirisini yapmaya odaklanmıştır. Ancak sosyal medya şirketlerinin özel mülkiyete ait olduğunu ve ekonomik amaçlara sahip olduğunu gözden kaçırmıştır. Bu çalışma ise ticari sosyal medyaların tekel konumundaki hegemonik üstünlüğünü vurgulayarak bu şirketlerle üretketiciler arasında yeni bir sınıflaşmanın oluştuğunu iddia etmekte ve X Türkiye evreni özelinde özgün bir tartışma yürütmeyi amaçlamıştır. Amaç doğrultusunda günümüzün bilindik sosyal medyalarından olan X’in eleştirel ekonomi politik eleştirisi yapılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, X’in, üretketicilerini yalnızca ekonomik amaçlarına ulaşmasındaki araç olarak gördüğünü; görünürlüğün ve dikkat çekmenin satın alınabilir olgular dönüştüğünü, ağdaki etkileşim gruplarının görünürlüğü doğrudan etkilediği ve böylesi bir mecrada katılımcılık ve katılımcı kültür olanaklarının tüketildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca dijital emekçilerle tekel konumundaki sosyal medya şirketleri arasında ekonomi ve emek sömürüsü temelli sınıflaşmanın yaratıldığı, buna neden en önemli unsurun da söz konusu şirketlerin tekelci hegemonik konumu olduğu düşünülmektedir.
DİJİTAL MEDYANIN GÖRSEL TASARIM SÜREÇLERİNİ DÖNÜŞTÜRMESİ VE TASARIMIN DİJİTAL PLATFORMLARA ADAPTASYONU
Authors: Uncu Gonca
Published: June 2024

Dijital medyanın hızla yükselmesi, görsel tasarım alanında önemli dönüşümlere sebep olmuş ve tasarım süreçlerini temelinden değiştirmiştir. Dijitalleşme süreci, geleneksel medyanın sınırlarını aşarak tasarımcılara yeni olanaklar sunmuş, yeni bir estetik dil oluşturulmasına olanak tanımıştır. Bu dönüşüm, sadece tasarım süreçlerini etkilemekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda iş dünyasında yeni fırsatlar ve bazı zorluklar ortaya çıkartmıştır. Tasarımın dijital platformlara adaptasyonu, geleneksel tasarım prensiplerini dijital ortamlara uyarlama sürecini ifade etmektedir. Bu adaptasyon, kullanıcı deneyimini iyileştirmek, marka tutarlılığını sağlamak ve dijital platformların özelliklerinden en iyi şekilde yararlanmak amacıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Bu araştırmada, dijital medyanın görsel tasarım üzerindeki etkileri ve tasarımın dijital platformlara adaptasyonu ele alınmaktadır. Dijital medyanın görsel tasarım dünyasına kattığı değeri ve tasarımın dijital platformlara başarılı bir şekilde nasıl uyum sağladığını inceleyen bu araştırmanın amacı, dijital medyanın görsel tasarım süreçlerini nasıl etkilediğini ve bu dönüşümün görsel tasarım üzerindeki etkilerini anlamaktır. Bu durum, geleneksel tasarım yöntemlerinden, dijital tasarım süreçlerine geçişin dinamikleri öne çıkan dijital tasarım örnekleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Araştırma bir literatür taraması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve dijital veriler üzerinden örnekler incelenmiştir. Çalışma, tasarım süreçlerinde kullanılan araçların ve tekniklerin değerlendirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Dijital tasarımların, dijital medyaya adaptasyonu, avantajları ve zorlukları hakkında bulgular ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma bulguları gelecek çalışmalara ışık tutarken, dijital tasarımcıların da daha etkili biçimde çalışabilmeleri için en iyi uygulamaların belirlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır.
Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya kepada Mahasiswa Disabilitas Selama Menempuh Pendidikan di Universitas Jember
Authors: Prasetyo Franciscus Adi , Cita Stella Peppi , Hendrijanto Kris , Wulandari Kusuma
Published: June 2024

Problems regarding unmet accessibility needs and discriminatory behavior often faced by disabilities students so that they experience several physical and social obstacles. Therefore, students with disabilities need social support from their social environment, namely fellow students as peers. The purpose of this study was to describe the forms of peer social support to disabilitie students during their education at the Jember University. The research method used is qualitative with phenomenological type. Selection of research informants using purposive sampling technique and obtained 3 main informants and 3 additional informants. Research data were collected using in-depth interview techniques, non-participant observation, and documentation studies. The data analysis process uses the stages of data condensation, data display, verification and conclusions. The results showed that there are forms of peer social support for students with disabilities, including attention, accessibility assistance, social interaction, positive expressions and self-actualization which provide benefits for students with disabilities to be able to function socially and social welfare.
Under siege: The role of settler colonialism in targeting healthcare systems
Authors: Sharma Parth
Published: June 2024

This article looks at the effects of armed conflict on healthcare systems in Gaza at the intersection of international humanitarian aid, settler colonialism and the ethics of war. Since October 7, 2023, there has been a systemic assault on the health services in Gaza, rooted in colonial expansion. I begin with an overview of human rights and the concept of medical neutrality. This is followed by biopolitics within Gaza and the contradictions in international law regarding the ethics of war. Explained through the lens of historical revisionism, postcolonial theory and biopolitics, I attempt to highlight how healthcare systems are increasingly becoming targets of armed conflict in Gaza as a war strategy.
Semi-Automated Approach for Evaluation of Software Defect Management Process using ML Approach
Authors: Adeel Mannan  , Qamar Rohail , Saadia Arshad
Published: June 2024

Evaluation of the software development process is crucial for enhancing software production and product quality inside a company. Traditional methods that rely on manual qualitative evaluations (such as artifact inspection) are flawed because they are (i) time-consuming, (ii) hampered by authority limits, and (iii) frequently subjective. This research introduces a unique machine learning-based semi-automated method for software process assessment to get over these constraints. We specifically frame the issue as a sequence classification challenge that can be resolved using machine learning methods. We develop a new quantitative indicator to impartially assess the effectiveness and quality of a software process based on the framework. We use it to assess the defect management procedure used in four actual industrial software projects in order to verify the effectiveness of our methodology. Our empirical findings demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of our technique in offering a reliable, quantitative assessment of software process.
A Framework for Guava Wilt Disease Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering and Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Mirjat Ruqia Mirjat , Mahar Shahid Ali , Siddiqui M. Imran Mushtaque , Mahar Javed Ahmed Mahar , Magsi Aurangzeb Magsi
Published: June 2024

Guava fruit production is influenced by myriad of external and internal and the rapid decline in production is often attributed to various diseases. Among these, ‘Wilt’ disease stands out as a significant contributor to the decrease in guava fruit yield. This paper proposes and implement a framework leveraging advanced technologies, including image processing and machine learning techniques, to detect wilt disease at its early stages. To facilitate this, a database comprising 1420 images of guava plant leaves affected by wilt disease is created. The database is further categorized into three datasets based on the level of noise present in the images: fully noisy images, partially noisy images and noise-free-images. The segmentation of guava wilt disease is achieved through the application of K-means clustering sand Convolutional Neural Network techniques on the guava images. Remarkably, the proposed framework demonstrates a cumulative accuracy of 93.82% and 95.17% using K-means clustering and neural network algorithms, respectively. This innovative approach hold s promise for effectively managing and increasing guava fruit production by identifying and addressing wilt disease in its early stages.
Internal Joint Stabilization for Recurrent Nontraumatic Elbow Dislocation in a Skeletally Immature Patient
Authors: Stoneham Adam C.S. , Lindisfarne Edward , Hargreaves David , Heifner John J.
Published: June 2024

Case:

A 14-year-old adolescent boy with SCN1B mutation experienced frequent seizures and recurrent elbow dislocation, occurring up to 30 times per day. Following failed conservative treatment, the decision was made to surgically repair the lateral collateral ligament complex and stabilize the elbow with the internal joint stabilizer (IJS). At more than 3 years postoperatively, the patient has not had a dislocation event and will retain the device for the foreseeable future to maintain predictable elbow stability.

Conclusion:

Although there is scant evidence supporting the use of the IJS in pediatric cases, the current case supports its use in pediatric elbow instability.
Arduino Sensors Reveal Temperature-Driven Compression Fluctuations in Vehicle Engines
Authors: Fikroh Ubaidillah , Syahrorini Syamsudduha
Published: June 2024

Many modern vehicles suffer from engine trouble due to decreased compression pressure, necessitating a simple and efficient measurement tool. This study develops an Arduino-based device to measure engine compression and temperature using a pressure sensor in the spark plug location and a temperature sensor in the oil gauge, with results displayed on a 16x2 I2C LCD. Testing each engine cylinder before and after heating shows that compression pressure is strongly influenced by temperature (over 80%). The tool enhances engine diagnostics, offering precise, real-time monitoring to improve vehicle maintenance and longevity.
Highlight:

Real-time Monitoring: Provides precise, real-time engine diagnostics.
Temperature Influence: Compression pressure is 80% influenced by temperature.
Enhanced Maintenance: Offers accurate compression and temperature measurements.

 
Keywoard: Engine trouble, Compression pressure, Arduino, Pressure sensor, Temperature sensor
Quantifying coastal evolution and project performance at beaches by using satellite imagery
Authors: Conery Ian , Olsen Nicholas , Brown Shannon , Brodie Katherine
Published: June 2024

Accurately delineating the shoreline is crucial for tracking coastal evolution, community vulnerability, storm impacts, and for coastal management decision-making. However, existing shoreline measurement methods are often time-consuming and expensive and therefore, USACE Districts are often forced to narrow areas of interest or monitoring frequency, decreasing the likelihood of making data-driven management decisions, especially over regional scales. In the last decade, space-borne earth observations have captured images subweekly, and can potentially be used for shoreline monitoring. This work investigated the Python-based CoastSat toolkit and compared the shorelines derived from publicly available satellite imagery to ground truth surveys at 37 sites across the nation chosen in coordination with Districts. Mean horizontal errors ranged from 4.21 to 20.58 m with an overall mean of 11.32 m. Tidal corrections improved accuracies at 82% of sites. The CoastSat slope function was tested and there were negligible differences in shoreline accuracy when compared with user-defined slopes. Twenty-year satellite-derived trends generally align well with ground truth trends. The satellite approach identified quantifying storm impacts and recovery, beach nourishment equilibration, diffusion and decay, shoreline response to nearshore berm placements and decadal shoreline evolution at the evaluated district sites. Work is ongoing to transition to a user-friendly software tool.
Enrichment of the Waste Effluents of Handmade Paper Industry for Biofertilizer Use in Green Chili Plants
Authors: Narayana Satya , Rajesh Mathur , Mishra Rahul , Chauhan Sunita
Published: June 2024

Effluents pose a great concern for each and every industry including the paper mills. The effluents of papermaking industry need attention due to their dark colors and alkaline nature which on disposal may destroy the biodiversity and aesthetic value of any water body. Due to the non-woody raw materials with minimum chemicals, effluents of handmade paper industry are rich in organic matter and less toxic and less harmful compared to the conventional paper mills. Therefore, the present study was taken up with an aim to utilize effluents of handmade papermaking from cow dung as liquid biofertilizers. For this, the effluent was enriched with selected Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and then used to study its plant growth promoting traits with the seeds of NU1919 variety in Green chilli (Capsicum frutescens) plants using four treatments in triplicates with the Random Block Design. The results of plant growth promotion (viz. number of fruits per plant, average pedicel, average fruit length, fruit yield per plant and average plant height) were found to be best in Set D where a consortium of Azotobacter sp and Enterobacter sps was used along with un-autoclaved effluent (RL). However, average girth and average fruit weight (fresh and dry weight) were maximum in Set B where Azotobacter and Bacillus megaterium were used for modifying RL. On analysis of biochemical attributes of chilli harvest, Vitamin A was found to be maximum in the case of Set A where RL (as such) was used as a biofertilizer, whereas, Vitamin C was found to be almost equal in Set A (167.79 mg/100gm) and Set D (167.30 mg/100gm). The Set C (Bacillus + Azotobacter) showed maximum capsaicinoid content (67,793.18 SHU). Thus the handmade paper industry effluents have been found to be suitable for their biofertilizer use in cultivation of chilli (Capsicum frutescence) plants.
Does impartial altruism incur costs in close relationships?
Authors: Amormino Paige , Kagel Adam , Li Joanna , Marsh Abigail
Published: June 2024

Impartial altruism is often considered a moral ideal but is rare in practice. Instead, generosity typically decreases as social distance increases, a phenomenon termed social discounting. Most people prefer this partiality in their close relationships and view impartial altruists as poorer relationship partners. This suggests real-world impartial altruism may be rare because it reduces—or is perceived to reduce—the quality of close relationships. To investigate this, we compared patterns of generosity and social relationship quality in a rare sample of individuals who had engaged in extraordinary real-world impartial altruism (altruistic kidney donors; n = 59) and their closest friend or family member (n = 59) to demographically similar controls (n = 71) and their closest others (n = 71). We designed a novel direct test of third-party social discounting, which experimentally confirmed real-world altruists’ impartiality, finding that they are more likely than controls to split resources evenly between close and distant others rather than favoring close others. However, we found no relationship between impartial altruism and social relationship quality. Instead, we found that altruists’ close others also show more impartiality than controls. This suggests value homophily (shared moral values) among altruists, which may represent a protective factor for close relationships in the context of impartial altruism.
Case Report: Spontaneous regression of a left ambient cistern arachnoid cyst
Authors: Liao Hao Ting , Alexis Jeffrey , Issa Hana
Published: June 2024

Arachnoid cysts are benign lesions commonly found incidentally on neuroimaging and are often asymptomatic. Arachnoid cysts are recognized to typically remain stable and asymptomatic, occasionally enlarging and causing symptoms due to elevated intracranial pressure, and rarely reported to decrease in size. This case report details the spontaneous resolution of an arachnoid cyst in a 6-year-old which was initially identified on antenatal ultrasound as well as discussion of several proposed mechanisms for its spontaneous resolution. This case adds to the growing case-library of spontaneously resolving arachnoid cysts. The underlying mechanism of its resolution as well as potential clinical implications are also discussed.
Lipoplastic lymphadenopathy: a rare cause for generalized lymphadenopathy
Authors: Arafa Ramadan , Elbarkouky Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Lipoplastic lymphadenopathy (also called lipolymph) is a histopathological benign condition in which there is excess ectopic adipose tissue in the lymph node causing its enlargement. We present a 30-year-old man with no past medical history of note, admitted with pallor, easy bruises, and fatigue. He has iron deficiency anemia. He has also generalized lymphadenopathy. Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with IV contrast showed generalized low attenuation lymph nodes. Excisional biopsy was done to exclude hematological malignancy which was diagnosed as lipoplastic lymphadenopathy. He was managed with intravenous iron and packed red blood cell (PRBCs) transfusion and discharged in a stable condition.
Removal, mechanistic and kinetic studies of Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) cations using Fe₃O₄ functionalized Schiff base chelating ligands
Authors: Nyamato George S. , Kabogo Ian T. , Maqinana Siphosethu , Bachmann Rene , Schmitz Markus , Ogunah Joanne , Kleist Wolfgang , Ojwach Stephen O.
Published: June 2024

The Schiff base chelating ligands; (E)-2-(3,3-dimethoxy-2-oxa-7,10-diaza-3-silaundec-10-en-11-yl)phenol(L1), (E)-N-(2-((pyridine-2ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine (L2) and (E)-N-(2-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine (L3)were immobilized on Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and utilized in the extraction of Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal cations from aqueous solutions. The compounds synthesized, denoted as L1@Fe₃O₄-L3@Fe₃O₄, were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM-SEM, VSM, and BET/BHJ techniques for analysis of functional groups, surface morphology, magnetic properties and degree of porosity of the adsorbents respectively. BET/BHJ technique confirmed the mesoporous nature of the compounds as their pore diameters ranged between 15-17 nm. The initial optimization conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration and contact time on adsorption were studied using L1@Fe₃O₄. The optimum efficiencies recorded were 68% and 46% for Cr(VI) and Cd(II) respectively, obtained at pH 3, and a metal concentration of 20 ppm while an efficiency of 99% was recorded for Pb(II) cations at pH 7 and a metal concentration of 100 ppm. Compounds L2@Fe₃O₄ and L3@Fe₃O₄ were also used in the extraction of metal cations from aqueous solution and gave efficiencies of 22%, 56%, 78% for L2@Fe₃O₄ and 19%, 90%, 59% using L3@Fe₃O₄ for Cr(VI), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of L1@Fe₃O₄ for Cr(VI), Cd(II), and Pb(II) cations were obtained from the Langmuir isotherm as 32.84, 41.77, and 450.45 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data was analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich kinetic models. Both linear and non-linear forms of kinetic isotherms; Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin were utilized to investigate the nature of adsorption on L1@Fe₃O₄. The mechanistic studies deduced that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the adsorption process with high correlation coefficient values (R²>0.98).
An Integrated Multi-omics Mendelian Randomization Identifies Predictive Transcription Gene Signature of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Lin , Chang Yuhao , Guo Yuhuai , Yang Guangze , Xie Wenjun , Zhu Min , Teng Jisi , Shen Jessie , Jia Wei , Chen Shaoqiu , Chen Tianlu , Deng Youping
Published: June 2024

Background
Liver fibrosis is a critical deteriorating onset stage in NASH (Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) progression towards cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Currently, there is still a lack of non-invasive diagnostic markers for hepatic fibrosis. We conduct multiple public databases associated with Pathway, Network and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify transcribed genes potentially involved in liver fibrosis and assess their diagnostic efficiency applicable to multiple races.
Methods
We first leveraged the advanced capabilities of the MetaIntegrator package in R. Four discovery cohorts and four validation cohorts were searched for expression profiling that biopsy diagnosed NASH patients and then the results were validated in plasma samples of two Chinese cohorts. The resulting gene signature was then conducted by GO enrichment analysis and DisGeNET enrichment analysis. Network analysis were employed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. We then conducted MR analysis using data from IEU Open GWAS project (average N = 23,818), and GWAS Catalog (N = 8,299), the UK Biobank (N = 3,108) and FinnGen (average N = 373,007).
Results
Through the primary analysis of the eight cohorts and subsequent validation in Chinese cohorts, we identified a 25-gene signature that can predict NASH and liver fibrosis with a high accuracy (ROC ≥ 0.87). Pathway, network and MR analysis revealed 21 metabolites and 12 genes have causal associations with NASH/liver fibrosis. And eventually a 12-gene signature predictive (ROC ≥ 0.75) were validated as a valuable tool for distinguishing Chinese patients with liver fibrosis from those with normal NAFLD or NASH.
Conclusions
This study developed a 12-gene signature for predicting liver fibrosis, demonstrating the utility of an integrated an integrated genome-metabolome-Mendelian Randomization approach for predicting disease progression across various databases.
Comparing the JOMO (Joy of Missing Out) experiences through age and gender perspectives
Authors: Kaswa Arpita , Kolapkar Rudrani
Published: June 2024

This correlational study examines the phenomenon of the Joy of Missing Out (JOMO) in relation to age and gender perspectives. The research aims to understand how individuals experience JOMO, characterized by finding fulfillment in disconnecting from social activities and digital distractions. A group of 87 participants, spanning two age groups (15–25 and 35–45) and both genders, completed the JOMO Scale questionnaire. The findings indicate a significant difference in JOMO experience between the age groups, with older individuals (35–45) reporting higher levels of JOMO compared to younger individuals (15–25). However, gender did not significantly influence JOMO experience, suggesting that both males and females exhibit similar tendencies to embrace JOMO. These results highlight the importance of considering age-related differences in JOMO experience and suggest potential interventions to promote well-being across different demographic groups. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors shaping individuals' experiences of JOMO.
Statistical analysis and optimization for direct dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas over CuO–ZnO–Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 bifunctional catalysts
Authors: Einbeigi Amin , Khorashadizadeh Mahdi , Atashi Hossein
Published: June 2024

Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether has been statistically analyzed in terms of product distribution and the effect of operating conditions. The investigated catalyst system consists of a combination of methanol synthesis (CuO–ZnO–Al2O3) and methanol dehydration (γ-Al2O3). The range of operating conditions varied as: T = 200–260 0C, H2/CO = 0.67-2 and SV (Space Velocity) = 41.74-292.68 h− 1 at P = 5.1 MPa. Using data obtained from a fixed bed microreactor, the product selectivity models were developed as functions of the above parameters via response surface methodology. The models were efficiently adjusted to avoid overfitting by considering cross-validation. The effects are shown via 3D diagrams. Single and multi-objective optimizations were then employed to maximize the production of DME and CO conversion and minimize the production of methanol, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide. Numerical optimization was performed through desirability charge ranging from zero to one where the highest desirability satisfies optimum conditions. Accordingly, an optimum area was obtained in which a variety of different points can be acceptable. Single-objective optimization provides a vaster area while multi-objective limits the feasible process conditions range.
The effect of Sloping Land Conversion Program on regional carbon sinks—Empirical analysis based on PSM-DID
Authors: Chen Xiaojuan , Gong Zhiwen , Huang Huaiyu
Published: June 2024

The terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink serves as a crucial metric in gauging the carbon sequestration capabilities of ecosystems, forming an intricate bond with the dynamics of land use change.The Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) has caused significant changes in regional land use patterns and has significantly impacted terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks. By analysing the impacts of the SLCP on the carbon sink effect in Shaanxi Province and revealing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the regional carbon sink effect, it is of great significance to consolidate the results of SLCP and to clarify the target areas for quality enhancement and sink enhancement of the SLCP. In this paper, based on the panel data of Shaanxi Province from 1992 to 2020, we used the PSM-DID model to analyze the influence of the carbon sink effect of the SLCP and analyze the heterogeneity of the carbon sink effect of the SLCP in Shaanxi Province. We found that the carbon sink effect of the SLCP was significantly positive without excluding other factors, increasing the vegetation carbon sink by 20.20% and the vegetation cover by 46.21%, respectively; after excluding the influence of other factors, the effect of the SLCP on the vegetation carbon sink and the vegetation cover was significantly enhanced, increasing the vegetation carbon sink by 21.42% and the vegetation cover by 53.51%, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of spatial heterogeneity showed that the effect of the SLCP on carbon sinks was most evident in Northern Shaanxi, followed by Southern Shaanxi and Central Shaanxi; the results of temporal heterogeneity showed that the effect of the SLCP on carbon sinks at each stage was significantly positive, and then the positive effect decreased with the change of time, but it was still statistically significant.
Clinical characteristics and association with immunotherapy outcomes in SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC
Authors: Yang Shuo , Liu Xiaozhen , Jiang Tao , Chen Bin , Yu Jia , Ren Shengxiang
Published: June 2024

Introduction: SMARCA4, also known as transcription activator, is an ATP-dependent catalytic subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes that participates in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression by supplying energy. SMARCA4-deficient lung cancer has been recognized as a distinct subtype based on subtle differences in its clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic attributes compared to other NSCLC. Chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently most commonly used in clinical practice, the effect of immunotherapy in SMARCA4-deficient lung cancer is now contradictory. We designed this study to characterize the clinicopathological features and immunotherapy outcomes of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC patients. Methods: 8827 patients who underwent SMARCA4 detection by immunohistochemistry between January 2018 to January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. 33 patients diagnosed with advanced SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC and 59 operable SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC were selected, and propensity score matching(PSM) was utilized to match the SMARCA4-deficient group. Clinical characteristics were collected and clinical outcomes to treatment were evaluted. Results: Among 8827 patients, 300 patients were advanced stage and 8527 patients were after operation. Of all advanced stage patients, 33(11%) were SMARCA4-deficient. Compared with SMARCA4-intact patients, SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC was significantly associated with smoking history, decreased PD-L1 expression and less squamous carcinoma. 57(0.6%) patients were resectable SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC. Among them, the majority(38.6%) was stage III patients and 15(26.3%) patients had relapsed. Majority patients were negative for markers including p40 and CK5/6. SMARCA4-deficient patients had worse PFS than SMARCA4-intact patients(p = 0.04). Totally 15 patients received immunotherapy, these patients showed better PFS than those without immunotherapy (8.05 months vs 3.8 months), due to the small sample size, the data were not statistically significant(p = 0.26). Conclusion: The current results showed that SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC has unique clinical features and are more aggressive, often diagnosed at advanced stage, tend to relapse after surgery. The efficacy of immunotherapy might bring survival benefits but need to be observed for longer periods.
Universal prediction of vertebrate species age at maturity
Authors: Budd Alyssa , Yong Suk Yee , Heydenrych Matthew , Mayne Benjamin , Berry Oliver , Jarman Simon
Published: June 2024

Animal age at maturity can be used as a universal and simple predictor of species extinction risk. At present, methods to estimate age at maturity are typically species-specific, limiting comparisons among species or are infeasible to do practical constraints. To overcome this, we developed a universal predictor of vertebrate species age at maturity. We show that the frequency of ‘CG’ sequences (CpG sites) in gene promoter regions is a rapid predictor of vertebrate age at maturity. Our models predict age at maturity with remarkable accuracy and generalisability, with median error rates of 30% (less than 1 year) and are robust to genome assemblies of varying quality. We generate age at maturity predictions for 1912 vertebrate species for which this information was previously absent from online databases and envisage these predictions will help to inform management decisions for the many species for which more detailed population information is currently unavailable.
Using an Improved Life Cycle Assessment Method for Environmental Impacts Assessment of Remediation Technologies
Authors: Wang Shunyang , Man Jun , Li Hua , Dong Jingqi , Luo Yongming
Published: June 2024

The urgent need to address the persisting issue of contaminated sites necessitates the exploration and implementation of effective remediation technologies. Given the diversity of contaminated sites, selecting an appropriate technology that not only achieves optimal outcomes but also minimizes environmental repercussions is crucial. To address this concern, the present study adopts the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Augmenting LCA with the “Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)” and “Techniques for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)” methods offer an improved evaluation framework. The specific focus of this investigation centers on two distinct remediation alternatives, i.e., the cement kiln collaborative disposal technology and the in-situ chemical oxidation technology, in the context of remediating a coking site. By employing the model calculation, the environmental impact values of these technologies are determined to be 0.501 and 0.499, the environmental cost of these technologies are determined to be 65.74 yuan and 66.67 yuan, and the combined impact values are determined to be 0.545 and 0.455, respectively. The results indicate that the cement kiln co-disposal technology exerts a greater environmental impact than the in-situ chemical oxidation technology, as assessed by environmental impact and cost considerations. This study contributes valuable insights towards addressing contaminated sites efficiently and sustainably.
Empiric embolization by vasospasm therapy for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a preliminary report.
Authors: Liang Huei-Lung , Li Ming-Feng , Chiang Chia-Ling
Published: June 2024

Purpose
To report the preliminary result of empiric embolization for angiographycally-negative lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) by using the pharmaco-induced vasospasm technique with or without the adjunctive use of intra-arterial multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT).
Materials and Methods
23 LGIB patients with positive MDCT findings but negative angiographic results underwent empiric embolization. The presumed bleeding artery was semi-selectively catheterized, and a segment of bowel was temporarily embolized with bolus injection of epinephrine and 4-hours’ vasopressin infusion. The rebleeding, primary and overall clinical success rates were reported.
Results
MDCT showed 19 bleeders in the SMA territory and 4 bleeders in the IMA territory. Early rebleeding was found in 6 patients (26.1%): 2 local rebleeding, 3 from new-foci bleeding and 1 uncertain. Of the 10 small bowel bleeding patients, only 1 out of the 7 who underwent intra-arterial MDCT showed rebleeding, whereas 2 out of the 3 without intra-arterial MDCT rebled. No patients exhibited procedure-related major complications, including bowel ischemia. The overall clinical success rate was 91.3% (21/23) with a 30-day mortality rate of 26.1%.
Conclusion
Vasospasm empiric embolization, when localized with/without adjunctive intra-arterial MDCT, seems to be a safe and effective method to treat angiographically-negative LGIB patients.
Knowledge and Perception of Medical Students on Genetics in the Genomic Era
Authors: Lizbeth Morales-Rios , Ramírez-Aranda José M , Villarreal Laura Elía Martínez-de , Ibarra-Ramírez Marisol
Published: June 2024

The significance of medical genetics in modern healthcare highlights the urgent need for comprehensive education for physicians, addressing both the fundamentals and ethical concerns, to bridge the existing knowledge gap and improve early diagnosis. In Latin America, the genetic knowledge level among healthcare workers, especially medical students, remains largely unexplored. This study focuses on evaluating the knowledge and attitudes towards genetic testing among final-year medical students at a public university in Monterrey, Mexico. Utilizing a cross-sectional, observational, and anonymous survey, the research administered the International Genetic Literacy and Attitudes Survey version 3 (iGLAS3) from October 1, 2019, to August 16, 2020. This online survey assessed demographic details, genetic knowledge, and opinions, among other factors, choosing items most relevant to our research objectives. Statistical analyses provided descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency. Out of 323 distributed surveys, 201 participants completed essential sections, revealing a moderate to high level of genetic knowledge with an average score of 70 ± 11.5. The demographic breakdown included 58.7% women, 40.3% men, and 0.5% non-binary individuals, with an average age of 24 years. Most participants showed openness to genetic testing, predominantly through private entities, although there were significant concerns about the potential misuse of genetic data. These findings emphasize the necessity of enhancing genetic education and incorporating practical genetic training in medical curricula to address the evolving challenges in this field effectively.
Colour Image Multilevel Thresholding Segmentation Using Trees Social Relationship Algorithm
Authors: Fakheri Soheil , Alimoradi Mahmoud , Yamaghani Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

Colour image segmentation is an essential task in image processing and computer vision that aims to divide an image into meaningful and homogeneous regions. One of the most widely used techniques for colour image segmentation is multilevel thresholding, which selects a set of optimal threshold values to separate the image pixels into different classes. However, finding the optimal thresholds is a complex and computationally intensive problem requiring efficient optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel colour image multilevel thresholding segmentation method based on the Trees Social Relationship Algorithm (TSR), a new metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the social and cooperative behaviour of trees in the forest. TSR mimics trees' hierarchical and collective life and uses four operators: growth, reproduction, competition, and death. We use TSR to optimize Kapur’s entropy as the objective function, which measures the information content of the segmented image. We compare the performance of our method with other established metaheuristic algorithms, including the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Bat Optimization (BAT), Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO), Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm (BSA), Cuckoo Search (Cuckoo), Differential Evolution (DE), Electromagnetic Field Optimization (EFO), Firefly Algorithm (FA), and Wind Driven Optimization (WDO), on several benchmark colour images. We also use various evaluation metrics such as GCE, PRI, VOI, PSNR, FSIM, and SSIM to assess the quality of the segmentation results. The experimental results show that our method achieves better results than the other algorithms in accuracy, robustness, and convergence speed.
Optimizing clinical genomic analysis of FFPE specimens for enhanced data quality, reduced artefacts, and ensured reliability
Authors: Lim Jongsung , Heo Dong-hyuk , Kim Seong-Gwang , Kim Minji , Park Jiin , Park Misun , Yi Jina , Park Kyeongmee , Paik Soonmyung , Hong Seong-Eui
Published: June 2024

Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples are routinely used for genome sequencing as companion diagnostics for targeted therapies for cancer patients. While targeted sequencing of FFPE tissue usually provides accurate assessment of hotspot mutations, whole exome or genome sequencing data are loaded with artefacts. Standardized and optimized methods are needed to overcome these obstacles and ensure the reliability of clinical exome/genome sequencing data. We evaluated the impact of the choice of DNA extraction kits, fragmentation methods, and input amount on data quality. We also evaluated the ability of repair enzymes and bioinformatics algorithms to remove FFPE induced artefacts and mutation signatures. This study discovered that employing the ReliaPrep extraction kit significantly enhances DNA yield from FFPE samples. Notably, the application of DNA repair enzymes emerged as a pivotal factor in suppressing artefacts, thereby enhancing the reliability of somatic mutation identification. Ultrasonication-based fragmentation proves more advantageous in reducing artefacts and improving the reproducibility. Additionally, bioinformatic algorithms efficiently eradicated any remaining artefacts, leading to improved reproducibility and accurate mutation signature identification. These findings provide a comprehensive methodology for handling FFPE samples in clinical research, ensuring the reliability and relevance of genomic data for personalized medicine and cancer treatment strategies.
A Comparative Study on Efficacy and Safety of Modified Partial Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy versus that of Conventional Hemorrhoidectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Tae Gyu , Lee Chul Seung , Lee Dong Geun , Chung Chun Sik , Kim Seung Han , Yu Sang Hwa , Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Gwan Cheol , Kang Dong Woo , Kim Jeong Sub , Jeong Gyu Young
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The long-term outcomes and efficacy of partial stapled hemorrhoidopexy (PSH) compared with those of conventional hemorrhoidectomy (CH) are not well understood. This study aimed to introduce a modified PSH and compare its clinical efficacy and safety with those of CH.
Methods
A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. This study was performed at a single hospital and involved six colorectal surgeons. In total, 110 patients were enrolled between July 2019 and September 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo either PSH (group 1, n = 55) or CH (group 2, n = 55).
Results
The duration of analgesia requirement was shorter in the PSH group than that required in the CH group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.096). However, the laxative requirement duration (P < 0.01), return to work (P < 0.01), satisfaction score (P < 0.01), and incontinence score (P = 0.014) were significantly better in the PSH group. The average and peak postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the PSH group during the first 15 days after surgery. The overall complication rate in both groups was 9.1%, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.867).
Conclusions
Modified PSH demonstrated better improvement in symptoms, lower pain scores, and greater patient satisfaction than CH. Therefore, this surgical technique appears to be a safe and effective alternative for CH.