bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion detection system on the basis of data mining algorithms in the industrial network
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, K. Marks st., 12, Ufa, Russia, 450008, Gurin Mikhail , Vulfin Alexey ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, K. Marks st., 12, Ufa, Russia, 450008, Vasilyev Vladimir ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, K. Marks st., 12, Ufa, Russia, 450008, Nikonov Andrey ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, K. Marks st., 12, Ufa, Russia, 450008
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the work is to increase the security of the industrial network of an automated process control system based on intelligent network traffic analysis algorithms. The analysis of the problem of detecting and recording actions of violators on the implementation of a network attack on an automated process control system in the industrial network of an enterprise has been performed. A structural and functional model of the monitoring system of the industrial network of industrial control systems is proposed. An algorithm is developed for the intellectual analysis of network traffic of industrial protocols and a software package that implements the proposed algorithms as part of a monitoring system to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution on field data.
Post-Soviet Heritages in the Making
Authors: Plets Gertjan
Published: December 2019

Despite the growing interest in post-Soviet space (the countries formerly located in the Soviet Union or its sphere of influence) in the field of memory studies, researchers have only just begun to the study how ‘things and practices’ from the past are mobilized, institutionalized and repackaged in this particular part of the world. This special collection explores how heritage is being made in a highly diverse and multicultural space where Soviet modernist conceptions of culture and identity interact with local deeply rooted attitudes as well as post-Soviet economic and political challenges.
Can transforming growth factor-beta1 and retinoids modify the activity of estradiol and antiestrogens in MCF-7 breast cancer cells?.
Authors: Czeczuga-Semeniuk Ewa , Anchim Tomasz , Dziecioł Janusz , Dabrowska Milena , Wołczyński Sławomir
Published: December 2019

Retinoic acid and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) affect differentiation, proliferation and carcinogenesis of epithelial cells. The effect of both compounds on the proliferation of cells of the hormone sensitive human breast cancer cell line (ER+) MCF-7 was assessed in the presence of estradiol and tamoxifen. The assay was based on [3H]thymidine incorporation and the proliferative activity of PCNA- and Ki 67-positive cells. The apoptotic index and expression of the Bcl-2 and p53 antigens in MCF-7 cells were also determined. Exogenous TGF-beta1 added to the cell culture showed antiproliferative activity within the concentration range of 0.003-30 ng/ml. Irrespective of TGF-beta1 concentrations, a marked reduction in the stimulatory action of estradiol (10(-9) and 10(-8) M) was observed whereas in combination with tamoxifen (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) only 30 ng/ml TGF-beta1 caused a statistically significant reduction to approximately 30% of the proliferative cells. In further experiments we examined the effect of exposure of breast cancer cells to retinoids in combination with TGF-beta1. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into MCF-7 cells was inhibited to 52 +/- 19% (control =100%) by 3 ng/ml TGF-beta1, and this dose was used throughout. It was found that addition of TGF-beta1 and isotretinoin to the culture did not decrease proliferation, while TGF-beta1 and tretinoin at low concentrations (3 x 10(-8) and 3 x 10(-7) M) reduced the percentage of proliferating cells by approximately 30% (67+/-8% and 67+/-5%, P
Involvement of Na+/H+ exchanger in desmopressin-induced platelet procoagulant response.
Authors: Tomasiak Maria M , Stelmach Halina , Bodzenta-Łukaszyk Anna , Tomasiak Marian
Published: December 2019

Desmopressin (DDAVP) action on platelets is associated with the development of procoagulant response but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is not known. We investigated whether this effect of DDAVP might be due to activation of plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger. The DDAVP-induced platelet procoagulant response, measured as phospholipid-dependent thrombin generation, was dose dependent and significantly weaker than that produced by collagen or monensin (mimics Na+/H+ antiport). Both the DDAVP- and collagen-produced procoagulant responses were less pronounced in the presence of EIPA, an Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor. Flow cytometry studies revealed that in vitro treatment of platelets with DDAVP or collagen was associated with the appearance of both degranulated (and fragmented) and swollen cells. The DDAVP-evoked rise in size and granularity heterogeneity was similar to that produced by collagen or monensin and was not observed in the presence of EIPA. Using flow cytometry and annexin V-FITC as a probe for phosphatidylserine (PS) we demonstrated increased and uniform binding of this marker to all subsets of DDAVP-treated platelet population. The DDAVP-evoked PS expression was dose dependent, strongly reduced by EIPA and weaker than that caused by monensin or collagen. As judged by optical swelling assay, DDAVP in a dose dependent manner produced a rise in platelet volume. The swelling was inhibited by EIPA and its kinetics was similar to that observed in the presence of monensin. Electronic cell-sizing measurements showed an increase in mean platelet volume and a decrease in platelet count and platelet crit upon treatment with DDAVP. DDAVP elicited a slow (much slower than collagen) alkalinization of platelet cytosol. Altogether the data indicate an involvement of Na+/H+ exchanger in the generation of procoagulant activity in DDAVP-treated platelets.
Tissue-specific effect of refeeding after short- and long-term caloric restriction on malic enzyme gene expression in rat tissues.
Authors: Stelmanska Ewa , Korczynska Justyna , Swierczynski Julian
Published: December 2019

Restricting food intake to a level below that consumed voluntarily (85%, 70% and 50% of the ad libitum energy intake for 3 or 30 days) and re-feeding ad libitum for 48 h results in an increase of malic enzyme (ME) gene expression in rat white adipose tissue. The increase of ME gene expression was much more pronounced in rats maintained on restricted diet for 30 days than for 3 days. The changes in ME gene expression resembled the changes in the content of SREBP-1 in white adipose tissue. A similar increase of serum insulin concentration was observed in all groups at different degrees of caloric restriction and refed ad libitum for 48 h. Caloric restriction and refeeding caused on increase of ME activity also in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver. However, in liver a significant increase of ME activity was found only in rats maintained on the restricted diet for 30 days. No significant changes after caloric restriction and refeeding were found in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney cortex, and brain. These data indicate that the increase of ME gene expression after caloric restriction/refeeding occurs only in lipogenic tissues. Thus, one can conclude that caloric restriction/refeeding increases the enzymatic capacity for fatty acid biosynthesis.
“¡Asesinan al alcalde de Chamula!’’ Apuntes para su lectura como acto performativo
Authors: Varela Mattute Ambar
Published: December 2019

El 23 de julio de 2016, el presidente municipal, el síndico y el juez de Paz del municipio de Chamula, Chiapas (México) fueron asesinados por un comando armado. La relevancia que este tema tuvo en la prensa nacional permite analizar este acontecimiento desde los postulados de la sociología cultural, como un acto político de corte performativo que aporta luz para vislumbrar algunas de las estructuras culturales que operan, en el debate público, para el entendimiento y la clasificación moral de los acontecimientos relacionados con los pueblos indígenas en el sureste mexicano.
In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-obesity Activities of Freeze-dried Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Malus domestica
Authors: Utami Sri , Endrini Susi , Nafik Said , Lestari Intan Meila Tria , Anindya Dea , Bakar Engkay Abu , Rozy Fahrul , Said Fathonah Fatimatuzahra , Afifah Ervi , Arumwardana Seila , Nufus Hayatun , Rihibiha Dwi Davidson , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Wibowo Satrio Haryo Benowo , Widowati Wahyu
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The number of obesity cases is still increasing worldwide and has reached an epidemic scale. Plants are known to have a protection role in the development of obesity, however their antioxidant and anti-obesity activities have not widely known. This study was conducted to assess the in vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity activities of different types of freeze-dried fruits cultivated in Indonesia, especially Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Malus domestica.METHODS: Total phenolic content of freeze-dried fruits was identified by Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the total flavonoid content was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. To assessed the antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) reducing activity assay were performed. The α-amylase and lipase inhibitory activity assay were performed to assess the anti-obesity activity. For comparison, hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compound was also assessed with DPPH, ABTS, α-amylase and lipase assays.RESULTS: A. bilimbi had the highest total phenol content (6.35 µg GAE/mg), meanwhile M. domestica had the highest total flavonoid content (2.06 µg QE/mg). A. bilimbi also showed the highest antioxidant activity both in DPPH and ABTS assay, with inhibitory concentration (IC50)=279.99 µg/mL and 631.78 µg/mL, respectively. The freeze-dried M. domestica had the highest anti-α-amylase activity (IC50=258.85 µg/mL), while Canarium sp. had the highest anti-lipase activity (IC50=118.66 µg/mL).CONCLUSION: Freeze-dried fruits demonstrate in vitro benefits toward obesity. A. bilimbi has potent antioxidant activity and is beneficial against obesity-related adverse health effect by relieving oxidative stress. M. domestica and Canarium sp. hamper the fat accumulation by reducing the carbohydrate absorption and dietary lipid.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anti-obesity, Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L., Malus domestica, hydroxycitric acid
Avaliação da qualidade da água a jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica Manso - trecho entre Rosário Oeste e Pantanal Mato-Grossense, Brasil
Authors: Neves Rafael de Alencar , Da Silva Fernando Rodrigues , Santos Jonas , Dores Eliana Freire Gaspar de Carvalho , Marchetto Margarida
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar qualitativamente a água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Cuiabá, sub-bacia do Rio Paraguai, no estado de Mato Grosso. Realizou-se campanhas de coleta durante os meses de setembro de 2014 a abril de 2015, nos períodos chuvosos e de estiagem, abrangendo quatro pontos: um à montante da zona urbana, dois nas proximidades de área urbana e um à jusante da área urbana. Determinou-se as seguintes variáveis físico-químicas: potencial hidrogeniônico, condutividade elétrica, sólidos dissolvidos totais, temperatura do ar e da água, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, nitrogênio total Kjeldahl, fósforo total e variáveis microbiológicas coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. Além disso, determinou-se a descarga líquida nos pontos amostrais. Os resultados obtidos foram confrontados com a Resolução CONAMA nº. 357/2005, inferindo e corroborando com as transformações ocorridas na qualidade da água superficial e as intervenções antrópicas, como a urbanização, ao entorno da bacia frente a infraestrutura sanitária deficiente, demonstrando, assim, necessidade de maior harmonia entre as atividades humanas e a gestão e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos.
HAMORAON, HAGABEON & HASANGAPON AS THE BASIC PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATING CHILDREN
Authors: Dalimunthe Irwan Saleh , Lubis Agus Salim
Published: December 2019

Cultural and religious values of life for the people in South Tapanuli form the perspective of philosophy and various local wisdom. One of the principles they hold strongly is known as 3H they are; hamoraon (character and wealth), hagabeon (successful offspring) and hasangapon (influential and respectable). This research focused on how the 3H principles strongly encourage parents to provide knowledge for the future preparation of their children. Muslim communities are fanatics in religion, meanwhile the most dominant value in giving encouragement to school is not religious teachings, since religion is only a supporting factor of learning (Q.S. 58:11), and the cultural view of 3H is as the basis of the education. It was carried out by in-depth interview techniques with a sociological approach to respondents who were intentionally searched and determined, and the parents or families who were relatively successful in school and in changing lives, and also respectable in the community. It is found that the community is firmed with the 3H value, in which parents were tireless, even sacrificing everything so that their children succeed in enjoying welfare, prosperity and living respect.

Nilai-nilai budaya dan agama bagi masyarakat di Tapanuli Selatan membentuk perspektif filsafat dan berbagai kearifan lokal. Salah satu prinsip yang mereka pegang dengan kuat yaitu yang dikenal sebagai 3H; hamoraon (karakter dan kekayaan), hagabeon (keturunan sukses) dan hasangapon (berpengaruh dan terhormat). Penelitian ini berfokus pada seberapa kuat prinsip 3H mendorong orang tua untuk memberikan pengetahuan bagi persiapan masa depan anak-anak mereka. Komunitas Muslim fanatik dalam agama, sedangkan nilai yang paling dominan dalam memberikan dorongan kepada sekolah bukanlah ajaran agama, karena agama hanya merupakan faktor pendukung pembelajaran (Q.S. 58:11), dan pandangan budaya 3H adalah sebagai dasar pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dengan pendekatan sosiologis kepada responden yang dipilih dan ditentukan, serta melibatkan orang tua atau keluarga yang relatif sukses dalam pendidikan dan dalam mengubah kehidupan, juga dihormati di masyarakat. Ditemukan bahwa masyarakat teguh dengan nilai 3H, di mana orang tua tidak kenal lelah, bahkan mengorbankan segalanya sehingga anak-anak berhasil berhasil menikmati kesejahteraan, kemakmuran dan penghormatan hidup.
Comparative Study of Classical Greek Ethics and Islamic Ethics
Authors: Putri Endrika Widdia
Published: December 2019

The notion that Islamic ethics originate from Classical Greek ethics needs examination. It is true that Muslim thinkers or scholars who wrote works on ethics were influenced by classical Greek philosophers. However, there are strong fundamental characters that distinguish Islamic ethics from Greek ethics. This study aims to highlight these differences and critically shows that such differences come from philosophical and ethical principles. Base on a comparative study of Muslims and Greek philosophers, this study shows that in substance, the style of Islamic ethics is very different from Classical Greek ethics. While Classical Greek ethics reveals its fundamental character of atheism, focusing on human relationship while releasing faith in its discussion, Islamic ethics tends to expose the characters of theism. Its discourse reaches the level of spirituality that covers not only inter-human relationships but also the relationship between humans and God. It also refers to the scriptural sources such as the Qur'an and Hadith and Islamic ethics related to faith. Nevertheless, both of them have commonalities in the relationship between ethics and happiness, which become the highest goal of ethics in both traditions.
An Explicit Scaling Law for the Speed of Falling Dominoes
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: December 2019

By using directed dimensional analysis and data fitting, an explicit universal scaling law for the speed of falling dominoes is formulated. The scaling law shows that domino propagational speed is linear proportional to the 3/2 power of domino separation, and -1/2 power of domino height and thickness.
Estruturas invisíveis de segregação na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia
Authors: De Lima Amaral Ernesto Friedrich , De Lima Amaral Camilo Vladimir
Published: December 2019

Este artigo visa investigar a estrutura invisível de segregação da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG), a partir das inter-relações entre processos de produção do espaço urbano, princípios de planejamento e dinâmicas populacionais. Essas inter-relações são fundamentais para compreender a estruturação de desigualdades socioeconômicas nas áreas metropolitanas. Realizou-se uma análise do processo de formação da estrutura de segregação na região, abordando os diversos planos urbanísticos desenvolvidos para Goiânia. Apresenta-se, ainda, uma breve análise de indicadores populacionais com base em dados dos Censos Demográficos de 1950 a 2010 e de indicadores locais de associação espacial em 2010, para caracterizar as diferentes dinâmicas da região. Foi desenvolvida uma análise crítica destes aspectos, a fim de identificar e exibir as principais características da formação desta região em um diagrama síntese. Procuramos discutir como esta estrutura espacial resultante contribui para a reprodução de relações sociais segregadas. Os principais resultados indicam que a RMG não possui uma simples centralidade ou uma pluricentralidade. Há uma série de anéis concêntricos com diferentes tipos de centralidade funcionando em um sistema integrado – mas não inclusivo – de segregação. Identificamos também tópicos de pesquisas para investigar dinâmicas sociais, demográficas e econômicas que permitem aumentar o entendimento da formação espacial e de planejamento urbano dessa região.
The Correlation Between Reading Interest, Grammatical Competence and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Azizah Alfi Nur , Susilohadi Gunarso , Sulistyawati Hefy
Published: November 2019

This article is aimed at discussing and reporting the result of a study about correlation between reading interest, grammatical competence and reading comprehension. The correlation was proven by the result of the study which was carried out in November 2013 at SMA Negeri in Cilacap. The sample of the study were 32 students of XI IPA 5 taken by cluster random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect reading interest data and objective tests were used to collect grammatical competence data and reading comprehension data. Single correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The result analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between (1) reading interest and reading comprehension; (2) grammatical competence and reading comprehension; (3) reading interest, grammatical competence simultaneously, and reading comprehension. Thus, it cannot be neglected that reading interest and grammatical competence give contribution toward reading comprehension.
Genre-Based Approach: Its Contribution to The Quality of Teaching And Learning Process
Authors: Wijayanti Siti Fathonah , Nurkamto Joko , Sulistyawati Hefy
Published: November 2019

The article aims at describing the implementation of Genre-Based Approach (GBA) in the teaching of English and identifying its contribution to the quality of teaching and learning process. A naturalistic inquiry was conducted at  the eleventh grade of a Senior High School in Central Java, Indonesia. The findings of the study suggest that GBA contributes positively to the teaching and learning process in that it helps developing learners’ productive skills. Nevertheless, insufficient scaffolding during the learning process resulted in learners’ skills which are superficial rather than communicative in nature. Such insufficient scaffolding is arguably related to inappropriate activities during the joint construction stage, partial application of the Curriculum Cycle, and the absence of integrated grammar teaching during the teaching and learning process. Contextual factors such as the lack of planning and inadequate teacher training are of major contribution to the phenomenon.

 
An Analysis of Expressive Utterances Produced by The Characters in The Movie Entitled Spongebob Squarepants
Authors: Raharjo Suko
Published: November 2019

This article reports the result of research on expressive utterances produced by the characters in the movie entitled SpongeBob SquarePants. The objectives of the research are (1) to find out the characteristics of expressive utterances produced by the characters; and (2) to find out the variability of expressive utterances. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The source of data is the transcript of SpongeBob SquarePants movie. The research findings show that (1) there are four sentence types of expressive utterances that are employed in SpongeBob SquarePants movie transcript, that is, ellipsis (19 utterances), declaratives (13 utterances), interogative (1 utterances), and imperatives (4 utterances); (2) there are six notions of expressive utterances found in the SpongeBob SquarePants movie transcript, that is, surprise (2 utterance), happiness (14 utterances), anger (6 utterances), apologize (5 utterances), congratulate (1 utterance), and thanks (7 utterances).
NOA Air-Quality Lessons Learned During Calaveras Dam Replacement Project
Authors: Eklund Bart , Roadifer John , Wong Noel , Forrest Michael
Published: December 2019

The Calaveras Dam Replacement Project (CDRP) pioneered technical approaches for addressing community exposure to naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) via the inhalation pathway. Over the course of the CDRP, approaches were developed for key issues, including determining the NOA particles of interest, defining the toxicity limits to apply to various types of NOA particles, establishing dust control, and creating appropriate feedback loops for using laboratory data. Specific issues of interest included whether to count only structures above a certain length and the inhalation unit risk value to use for amphiboles. The knowledge gained on the CDRP can and is being used to optimize NOA evaluation and control at other, similar projects.
RNA-Seq reveals differential expression profiles and functional annotation of genes involved in retinal degeneration in Pde6c mutant Danio rerio
Authors: Saddala Madhu Sudhana , Author) Anton Lennikov(Former Corresponding , Bouras Adam , Author) Hu Huang(New Corresponding
Published: December 2019

Background
Retinal degenerative diseases affect millions of people and represent the leading cause of vision loss around the world. Retinal degeneration has been attributed to a wide variety of causes, such as disruption of genes involved in phototransduction, biosynthesis, folding of the rhodopsin molecule, and the structural support of the retina. The molecular pathogenesis of the biological events in retinal degeneration is unclear; however, the molecular basis of the retinal pathological defect can be potentially determined by gene-expression profiling of the whole retina. In the present study, we analyzed the differential gene expression profile of the retina from a wild-type zebrafish and phosphodiesterase 6C (pde6c) mutant.
Results
The datasets were downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA), and adaptors and unbiased bases were removed, and sequences were checked to ensure the quality. The reads were further aligned to the reference genome of zebrafish, and the gene expression was calculated. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered based on the false discovery rate (FDR) (±4) and p-values (p < 0.001). We performed gene annotation (molecular function [MF], biological process [BP], cellular component [CC]) and determined the functional pathways Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for the DEGs. Our result showed 216 upregulated and 3,527 downregulated genes between normal and pde6c mutant zebrafish. These DEGs are involved in various KEGG pathways, such as the phototransduction (12 genes), mRNA surveillance (17 genes), phagosome (25 genes), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (15 genes), adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes (29 genes), ribosome (20 genes), the citrate cycle (TCA cycle; 8 genes), insulin signaling (24 genes), oxidative phosphorylation (20 genes), and RNA transport (22 genes) pathways. Many more of all the pathway genes were downregulated, while fewer were upregulated in the retina of mutant zebrafish.
Conclusions
Our data strongly indicate that, among these genes, the above-mentioned pathways’ genes as well as calcium-binding, neural damage, peptidase, immunological, and apoptosis proteins are mostly involved in the retinal and neural degeneration that cause abnormalities in photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.
Examining Health Care Providers’ and Middle-level Managers’ Readiness for Change:A Qualitative Study
Authors: Austin Tujuanna , Chreim Samia , Grudniewicz Agnes
Published: December 2019

Background: Readiness is a critical precursor of successful change; it denotes whether those involved in the change are motivated and empowered to participate in the change. Research on readiness tends to focus on frontline providers or individuals in non-managerial positions and offers limited attention to individuals in middle management positions who are expected to lead frontline providers in change implementation. Yet middle-level managers are also recipients of changes that are planned and decreed by those in higher positions. This study sought to examine both frontline provider and middle manager readiness for change in the context of primary care program integration.
Methods: Using a qualitative case study approach, we examined how frontline providers and middle managers experienced six readiness factors: discrepancy, appropriateness, valence, efficacy, fairness and trust in management. Data were collected through documents, meeting observation and semi-structured interviews with frontline providers and middle managers involved in the change.
Results: The findings highlighted similarities and differences in readiness experiences of frontline providers and middle managers. Across both types of participants, we found that the notion of valence should be expanded to consider individuals’ evaluation of benefits to patients and the health system; efficacy applies to both content and process of change; fairness and trust in management findings require further exploration to determine their appropriateness to be incorporated in models of readiness for change; and trust in management (or lack of trust) has a cascading influence across the levels in the organization.
Conclusions: Our study makes a contribution by nuancing and extending conceptualizations of individual readiness factors, and by highlighting the central role of middle manager readiness for change. Implications of the study include the need to consider readiness factors prior to the implementation of change and the importance of fostering readiness throughout all levels of the organization.
Evolution of cis- and trans-regulatory divergence in the chicken genome between two contrasting breeds analyzed using three tissue types at one-day-old
Authors: Wang Qiong , Jia Yaxiong , Wang Yuan , Jiang Zhihua , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Zebin , Nie Changsheng , Li Junying , Yang Ning , Qu Lujiang
Published: December 2019

Background: Gene expression variation is a key underlying factor influencing phenotypic variation, and can occur via cis- or trans-regulation. To understand the role of cis- and trans-regulatory variation on population divergence in chicken, we developed reciprocal crosses of two chicken breeds, White Leghorn and Cornish Game, which exhibit major differences in body size and reproductive traits, and used them to determine the degree of cis versus trans variation in the brain, liver, and muscle tissue of male and female 1-day-old specimens.Results: We provided an overview of how transcriptomes are regulated in hybrid progenies of two contrasting breeds based on allele specific expression analysis. Compared with cis-regulatory divergence, trans-acting genes were more extensive in the chicken genome. In addition, considerable compensatory cis- and trans-regulatory changes exist in the chicken genome. Most importantly, stronger purifying selection was observed on genes regulated by trans-variations than in genes regulated by the cis elements.Conclusions: We present a pipeline to explore allele-specific expression in hybrid progenies of inbred lines without a specific reference genome. Our research is the first study to describe the regulatory divergence between two contrasting breeds. The results suggest that artificial selection associated with domestication in chicken could have acted more on trans-regulatory divergence than on cis-regulatory divergence.
Caring for a Chronically Ill Child While Employed: A cross sectional study on the impact on the quality of life of Jordanian mothers
Authors: Gharaibeh Huda , Gharaibeh Muntaha
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Day centres for older people: attender characteristics, access routes and outcomes of regular attendance. Finding of exploratory mixed methods case study research.
Authors: Orellana Katharine , Manthorpe Jill , Tinker Anthea
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND Social prescribing is encouraged to promote well-being, reduce isolation and loneliness. Traditional, generalist day centres for older people could be suggested by social prescribing, but little is known about their clientele or their outcomes. As part of a larger study of the role, outcomes and commissioning of generalist English day centres for older people, the characteristics of attenders at four day centres, their reasons for attendance and outcomes were explored. METHODS This mixed-methods study used qualitative interviews and standardised tools within an embedded multiple-case study design. Semi-structured interviews with older day centre attenders (n=23, 62% of eligible attenders) of four day centres in south-east England, recruited purposively to reflect organisational differences, were analysed. RESULTS Participants reported non-elective withdrawal from socialisation following health or mobility decline, or losses. Apart from living arrangements and marital status, attenders’ profiles differed between centres. Access had been mostly facilitated by others. Day centre attendance enhanced quality of life for this group of socially isolated people with mobility restrictions and at risk of declining independence and wellbeing. The positive impact on attenders' social participation and involvement and on meaningful occupation was significant (p-value <0.001, 99% CI), with an average ASCOT gain score of 0.18. Ten outcome themes were identified. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of day centre attendance are those targeted by social care and health policy. Centres were communities that ‘enabled’ and offset loss or isolation, thus supporting ageing in place through wellbeing and contributed something unique to their attenders’ lives. By monitoring attenders’ health and wellbeing and providing practical support, information and facilitating access to other services, centres offered added value. Attendance needs to be set in the context of other social engagement and care provision which may not overlap or duplicate centre support. Professionals may wish to explore the benefits of social prescriptions to day centres but should map local centres’ provision, engage with their organisers, and seek information on attenders, who may differ from those in this study.
The Prognostic Significance of Different Bleeding Classifications in Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Xi Ziwei , Gao Yanan , Yan Zhenxian , Zhou Yujie , Liu Wei
Published: December 2019

Background: Perioperative bleeding during cardiac surgery are known to make patients susceptible to adverse outcomes and several bleeding classifications have been developed to stratify the severity of bleeding events. Further validation of different classifications was needed. The aim of present study was to validate and explore the prognostic value of different bleeding classifications in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).
Methods: Data on baseline and operative characteristics of 3,988 patients who underwent OPCAB in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from February 2008 to December 2014 were available. The primary endpoint was a composite of in-hospital death and nonfatal postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). The secondary endpoint was postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). We explored the association of major bleeding defined by the European registry of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (E-CABG), Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding (UDPB), Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) classification and Study of Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) with primary endpoints by multivariable logistic regression analysis and investigated their significance of adverse event prediction using goodness-of-fit tests of -2 log likelihood.
Results: In-hospital mortality was 1.23% (n=49) and postoperative MI was observed in 4.76% (n=190) of patients, AKI in 24.69% (n=985). The incidence of the primary outcome was 5.99% (n=239). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that BARC type 4 (OR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.66–4.19, P<0.001), UDPB class 4 (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 2.05–6.02, P<0.001) and E-CABG class 2-3 (class 2: OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.36–3.70, P=0.001; class 3: OR=12.65, 95% CI: 2.74–18.43, P=0.002) bleeding but not PLATO bleeding were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and postoperative MI. Major bleeding defined by all the four classifications mentioned above was an independent risk factor of AKI after surgery. Inclusion of major bleeding defined by these four classifications improved the predictive performance of the multivariable model with baseline characteristics.
Conclusions: Bleeding assessed by BARC, E-CABG and UDPB classifications were significantly associated with poorer immediate outcomes. These classifications seemed to be valuable tool in the assessment of prognostic effect of perioperative bleeding.
Ethnic disparity in pneumonia-specific mortality among children under 5 years of age in Sichuan Province of Western China from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Luo Min , Zhao Ziling , He Linkun , Su Bingzhong , Liu Weixin , Zhang Gang
Published: December 2019

Background: To reveal the ethnic disparity in the pneumonia-specific mortality rates of children under the age of five years(PU5MRs) and provide suggestions regarding priority interventions to reduce preventable under-five-years-of-age deaths. Methods: Data were obtained from the Direct Report System of Maternal and Child Health in Sichuan. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess the time trend. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and Chi-square test were used to examine the differences in the PU5MRs among different groups. Results: The PU5MRs in the minority and nonminority counties decreased by 53.7% and 42.3% from 2010 to 2017, respectively. The PU5MRs of the minority counties were 4.81 times higher than those of the nonminority counties in 2017. The proportion of pneumonia deaths to total deaths in Sichuan Province increased from 11.7% in 2010 to 15.5% in 2017. The pneumonia-specific mortality rates of children in the categories of 0-28 days, 29days-11 months, and 12-59 months were reduced by 55.1%, 38.8%, and 65.5%, respectively, in the minority counties and by 35.5%, 43.1%, and 43.7%, respectively, in the nonminority counties. Conclusions: PU5MRs declined in Sichuan, especially in the minority counties, while ethnic disparity still exists. Although the PU5MRs decreased more for the minority counties as a fraction of all mortality the absolute number of such deaths were higher, and therefore more children in these counties continue to die from pneumonia than from the non-minority counties. Priority should be given to strategies for preventing and controlling child pneumonia, especially for postneonates, in the minority counties.
Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Jamshidi Parastoo , Najafi Farid , Mostafaee Shayan , Shakiba Ebrahem , pasdar yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Moradinazar Mahdi
Published: December 2019

Background: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.Patients and methods:We analyzed data from baseline phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of factors related to GFR,separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.Results: Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.20%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.80%). The obtained mean and standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.31) per 1.73 . GFR for 0.2%, 11.3%, 73.0% and 15.50% of people were <30, , and , respectively. Hypertension and aging in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a lower effect on GFR. Blood urea nitrogen and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, were associated with a lower GFR. In female, diabetes had a lower direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with uper and indirectly associated with lower GFR.Conclusion: According to our results, aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high lipid profile, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, are in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.
Identifying risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda - a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014/2015
Authors: Hakizimana Dieudonne , Nisingizwe Marie Paul , Logan Jenae , Wong Rex
Published: December 2019

Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing countries, including Rwanda, where it increased in prevalence between the 2015 and 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) reports. A thorough understanding of its risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted in Rwanda on a nationally representative sample to assess factors associated with anemia among WRA. Accordingly, this study was conducted to address such gap. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the RDHS 2014-2015 report. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level equal to or below 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal to or below 11.9 g/dl for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis, respectively. Results The prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0 - 20.5). Four factors were found to be associated with lower odds of anemia, including being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40 - 0.91), being in the rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 - 0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.73). Five factors were associated with higher odds of anemia, including being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.78), using an intrauterine device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05 - 3.75), being separated or widowed (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.67), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations in anemia risk, seek to improve women’s economic statuses, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for Intrauterine device users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.
Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Yingying , Lin Jialing , Zhou Junli , Han Zhigang , Yao Zhenjiang
Published: December 2019

Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remained the predominant cause of infections in drug users. The cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: Eligible drug users were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs during May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage. Results: Overall, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in 353 drug users were 15.01% and 6.79%, respectively. Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99) and MRSA (adjusted OR=14.30, 95% CI: 2.67-76.46) carriage. The proportions of multidrug resistance were respectively 72.41% and 89.47% for S. aureus and MRSA isolates and were simultaneously resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The results of clonal complexes and sequence types for S. aureus and MRSA isolates were diverse. The proportions of virulence genes were high for MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was moderate. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates revealed serious antibiotic resistance, indicating the cross-circulation of MRSA isolates, and imply high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization might be considered for drug users with MRSA carriage, especially for those with risk factors.
Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Colombia.
Authors: Montiel Jehidys , Zuluaga Lina M. , Aguirre Daniel C. , Segura Cesar , Tobon-Castaño Alberto , Vasquez Ana M
Published: December 2019

Background The indigenous population is considered a highly susceptible group to malaria becouse they usually live in areas with high Anopheles exposure and poverty, and have low access to health services. There is a great diversity of indigenous communities in Colombia living in malaria-endemic areas; however, the burden of infection in these populations has not extensively studied. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in two malaria-endemic areas in Colombia.Methods A Community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven villages of Turbo and El Bagre municipalities; three of these villages were indigenous communities. All inhabitants of all ages that were willing to participate were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded as well as household information. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by microscopy and nested PCR. The prevalence of microscopy and submicroscopic infection was estimated. An adjusted GEE model was used to explore risk factors associated with the infection.Results Among 713 participants, 60.1% were from indigenous communities. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 30 subjects (4.2%, CI 95% 2.9-5.9); from those, 29 were in the indigenous population, 47% of infections were afebrile, and most of them submicroscopic (10/14). Microscopic and submicroscopic prevalence was 2.5% (CI 95% 1.6-3.9) and 1.7% (CI 95% 0.9-2.9) respectively. In El Bagre, all infections occurred in indigenous participants (3.9%, CI 95% 2.2-7.1), and 81% were submicroscopic. By contrast, in Turbo, the highest prevalence occurred in indigenous people (11.5%; CI 95%: 7.3-17.5), but 88.8% were microscopic. Living in an indigenous population increased the incidence rate of infection compared with a non-indigenous population (IRR 19.4; CI 95% 2.3-166.7).Conclusion There is a high proportion of Plasmodium infection in indigenous communities. A substantial proportion of asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriers were detected. The identification of these infections, not only in indigenous but also in the non-indigenous population, as well as their associated factors, could help to implement specific malaria strategies for each context.
Determining spa-type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) via High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis, Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Hashemizadeh Zahra , Bazargani Abdollah , Mohebi Samane , Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood , Hadi Nahal
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Molecular typing methods are useful for rapid detection and control of a disease. Recently, the use of High-resolution melting (HRM) for spa typing of MRSA isolates were reported. This technique is rapid, inexpensive and simple for genotyping and mutation screening in DNA sequence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of HRM-PCR to analysis spa genes amongst MRSA isolates.Results: A total of 50 MRSA isolates were collected from two teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The isolates were confirmed as MRSA by susceptibility to Cefoxitin and detection of mecA gene using PCR. we used High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and PCR-sequencing method for spa typing of MRSA isolates. In total, 15 different spa types were discriminate by HRM and sequencing method. The melting temperature of the 15 spa types, using HRM genotyping were between 82.16° C and 85.66° C. The rate of GC% content was 39.4-46.3. According to the results, spa typing of 50 clinical isolates via PCR-sequencing and HRM methods were 100% similar. Consequently, HRM method can easily identify and rapidly differentiate alleles of spa genes. This method is faster, less laborious and more suitable for high sample at lower cost and risk of contamination.