bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation Of Spectrophotometry-Visble Method On The Determination Of Borax Levels In Meatballs
Authors: Sudjarwo Sudjarwo , S Poedjiarti , N Angerina
Published: November 2021

Borax, in illictic additive substance, is added on certain food product as a e preservative and rubbery. Therefore, the determination of borax in the food product such as meatball is very impotant in view of meatball is a food product often consumed by community. Vis- Spectrophotometric method with curcumine 0.125% as a reagent and glacial acetic acid-sulphuric acid has been used for determination of borax in this research. Curcumin reagent was selected because sensitivity of the method and the reproducibility of the results are affected by quality of the reagent other than rigorous observance of the reaction conditions (temperature, time, reagent quantities). Glacial acetic acid- sulphuric acid was used to create acid condition, so that curcumin and boron form a violetred 2:1 complex called rosocyanin. The optimum result was obtained when 1/. ml solution of 0.125% curcuumin and 1.0 ml concentrated sulphuric acid were added and the absorbance was measured after 70 minutes at 547 nm. The results showed linear regression y = 1.3127x – 0.0994, r = 0.9690 > r table (n = 5) is 0.878 and p = 0.007 (p< 0.01) and Vxo is was 15,53%. The detection limit and quantitation limit were 9.7.10-4 ppm and 2.94. 10-3 ppm respectively. The recovery and coefficient variation were 47.56%±3,92%. Determination of borax in three meatball samples which were taken from a location in Surabaya showed that the sample contained borax with concentration of 0.0205; 0.0151; 0.0210 (% w/w) respectively.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEMIRIPAN, KONSEP MEREK DAN PESAN IKLAN TERHADAP RESPON KONSUMEN DALAM MENGEVALUASI PERLUASAN MEREK
Authors: Junaedi Arini Ekaputri
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aims to determine the effect of product category similarity when associated with brand concepts and advertising messages on consumer responses in evaluating brand expansion. To get the research objective, two studies were conducted sequentially.Methods: The first study used experiments conducted on the similarity category of the product and the brand concept. The second study uses experiments conducted on product similarity categories and advertising messages. Experiments in both studies were carried out using the between-subject method with 240 undergraduate students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University (120 students for each study) as participants.Results: The experimental results from the first study show that the prestigious brand concept has a better ability (compared to the functional brand concept) to carry out brand expansion both in product categories that are similar or not similar to the original brand. The experimental results from the second stage study show that a prestigious brand will be able to increase its ability to expand the brand if the product is advertised with a social-adjustive message for similar product categories, and for dissimilar product categories it will be more effective if advertised with a value-expressive message.Conclusion and suggestion: Companies that do brand extensions to different product categories are advised to use ads with value-expressive messages to make them more effective.
ESTIMATION OF WATER REQUIREMENTS AND VALUE OF WATER IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN EAST JAVA: THE CASE OF RICE PLANT
Authors: Kusumawardani Deni , Permana Aditya Widya
Published: November 2021

Water resources is one of the inputs in rice production. In agricultural sector, water is considered as free good or priceless despite having a high use value. That implicated to the inefficient use of water in each provinces of Indonesia including East Java with no exception. This study aims to estimate the value of water and water requirements in agriculture especially rice in East Java. This study uses two quantitative analysis methods. The first method is the Penman-Montieth to calculate the water footprint and water requirements for rice. The second is benefit transfer method to estimate the value of water in rice production. Investigated areas are cities and municipals in East Java, while the study period is 2008 to 2011.The results showed that: (1) the average of water footprint in East Java from 2008 to 2011 was 3.556 m3/ton. This value is affected by climate change, fertilizers, and yields. (2) The average of water requirements for rice in East Java from 2008 to 2011 was 35.913.244.065 m3. This value is greater than the value of water allocation is determined by the government. (3) The estimated value of water for rice production in East Java was Rp 4.500.060 per hectare for one growing season.Keywords: Water Footprint, Water Requirements, Value of Water, AgricultureJEL: Q1, Q25
IMPLEMENTATION INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM GOVERNMENT WITH GOVERNMENT REGULATION RELEASE OF NO. 60/2008 IN KPU JEMBER REGENCY: A PHENOMENOLOGY APPROACH
Authors: SUGIYONO SUKMA ULI NUHA , Miqdad Muhammad Miqdad , Sulistiyo Agung Budi Sulistiyo
Published: November 2021

According to the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 60 of 2008 concerning the Government's Internal Control System, SPIP is an internal control system that is carried out thoroughly within the Central Government and Regional Governments. The important role of the SPIP is expected to create a culture of supervision over all activities in the entity so that early on it can detect the possibility of storage and minimize the occurrence of actions that can harm the state. SPIP which consists of elements of the Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, Information and Communication, and Control Monitoring.The work of the KPU, both in Jember and other regions, is a phased work, which focuses on elections at both the central and regional levels so that the focus of work at this stage is that at this time SPIP reporting is only for administrative purposes. This is the reason why the author describes the phenomena that exist in the field, with the hope that in the future it will not only be an administrative complement but can be used as a control to increase the effectiveness of management at the Jember Regency KPU and can implement SPIP on an ongoing basis. The type of research used is qualitative research using a phenomenological study approach, because the author wants to describe the implementation of SPIP in Jember Regency KPU.
PENDUGAAN ALIRAN DASAR (BASEFLOW) DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WADUK GAJAH MUNGKUR DI HULU DAS BENGAWAN SOLO, JAWA TENGAH. (Estimating baseflow for a catchment area of Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in the upstream of Bengawan Solo watershed, Central Java)
Authors:   Program Studi Sarjana Terapan Pengelolaan Hutan, Departement Teknologi Hayati dan Veteriner, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada., Nugroho Prasetyo , Suryatmojo Hatma , Parwa Manikasari Giska , Nur Afisena Hafsa ,   Laboratorium Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada,   Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan,   Diploma III Pengelolaan Hutan, Departemen Teknologi Hayati dan Veteriner, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: November 2021

Kawasan hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) memiliki peran strategis dalam pengendalian daur air, diantaranya adalah perannya dalam mengendalikan aliran permukaan untuk meningkatkan aliran dasar (baseflow) dan menjaga fluktuasi aliran sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya aliran dasar setelah 18 tahun direhabilitasi dengan studi kasus di DTA Gajah Mungkur yang terletak di hulu DAS Bengawan Solo. Pengukuran debit aliran selama 4 bulan dilakukan di Stasiun Pengamatan Aliran Sungai (SPAS) yang dilengkapi dengan alat perekam hujan dan debit aliran otomatis. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi analisis vegetasi, analisis debit aliran sungai, analisis hidrograf aliran dan analisis Baseflow Index. Total hujan selama penelitian yaitu 45,8 mm dengan suhu udara rata-rata 22,45˚C. Kondisi kerapatan tegakan bervariasi dari kerapatan rendah sampai dengan tinggi, dengan kerapatan pohon berkisar antara 569 - 919 pohon/ ha. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai BFI pada bulan April-Agustus 2017 yaitu 44,63%. Pertambahan umur tegakan di DTA Gajah Mungkur sampai pada umur 18 tahun diikuti dengan perubahan struktur tegakan sehingga diduga berdampak pada meningkatnya kemampuan penyangga dan pengaturan daur air kawasan.
Rapid Test Method for Multi-Beam Profile of Phased Array Antennas
Authors: Luo Qingchun , zhou Yantao , Qi Yihong , Ye Pu , Paulis Francesco de , Liu Lie
Published: November 2021

The testing requirements of the active phased array antennas are very different from those of traditional passive antennas, due to its beam steering capability. Usually, each beam profile of the active phased array needs a separate radiation pattern test, which makes the overall testing time extremely long. Thus the traditional antenna test method can no longer meet the efficiency and cost requirements of new active phased array antennas test. In this paper, a fast test method tailored for phased array antennas is proposed that offers significantly reduced testing time at the expense of slight sacrifice of the accuracy. Using the simulated element pattern in array and ideal port excitation, the beam profile in any direction can be predicted by testing only a certain beam profile. Through theoretical derivation and experiments, the effectiveness of the method is verified, and the testing efficiency of the phased array antenna is demonstrated to be improved by ten times or even more.
Quality of Work Life and Work Process of Assistance Nurses
Authors: Parra-Giordano Denisse , Quijada Sánchez Denisse , Grau Mascayano Patricia , Pinto-Galleguillos Daniela
Published: November 2021

Background: The concept of Quality of Work Life (QWL) has been built multidimensionally through social reproduction; it is impacted by the perceptions of each individual and by the relationship between workers and the work environment. Objective: to analyze the Work Process and QWL of assisting nurses in public health. Methods: Research in a critical paradigm, descriptive, exploratory with a qualitative approach. The population corresponds to Nurses who work in care work. Semi-structured guiding questions were applied and were analyzed with content analysis. Results: seven participants declared female; all Chilean; seven are young adults; six singles; only one has children, and one has a person dependent on her care; six are heads of household, and five receive help with housework. All have a nursing degree, five have a diploma, but none have a postgraduate. Work Process has three subcategories: work object, instrument, organization, and work conditions; the QWL category has six subcategories: definition and perception of QWL, QWL potentiating factors, QWL exhausting factors, QWL improvement strategies, the emotional burden associated with QWL, and Health problems. Conclusions: In this way, the lifestyle built by the assistance in the health area has repercussions on the quality of life and health in general.
Evaluation of Density Reduction of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes and Biosecurity of the Use of a Paint Containing Propoxur in Selected Houses in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Villegas Alejandro , Castañeda Jorge , Pruñonosa Javier , Arce Ricardo , Álvarez Gerardo
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the development of Aedes aegypti density in houses of the urban locality of Poblado Miguel Alemán Valdes, in the Sonora state of Mexico, after application of 1% propoxur paint as full wall coverage (IP) and targeted indoor painting (IP 1m) in comparison to IRS with propoxur 70% WP (full wall coverage). The 1% propoxur paint was applied by the homeowners by brushing and rolling at the recommended dose of 1L/8 m², equivalent to 1.5 g a.i./m2, while IRS was conducted by professionals with Propoxur 70% WP at a dose of 1 g a.i./m2. Adult mosquito surveys were conducted in a random sample of houses in each block one week before the interventions and at week 1, month 1 to 4, month 6, month 9 and month 12 post-interventions. All three propoxur based treatments provided similar reductions (43.7%, 44.9% and 41.3% for IP, IP 1m and IRS respectively) in the fraction of houses positive in female Aedes aegypti resting indoor and outdoor as one year average of 8 follow up surveys. Indoor resting density of Aedes females during the one-year evaluation was reduced by 77.5% through IP followed by IP 1m with 64.2% reduction and 30% reduction with IRS. Culex mosquitoes’ interior density was affected as well by the insecticide treatments with similar average reductions for IP 1m (50.0%) and IRS (57.8%) in comparison with control. Aedes breeding was impacted by the insecticide paint in similar extent for both interventions, expressed by a substantial reduction of the House Index (20.1% IP, 31.2% IP 1m) and especially the Container Index (51.8% IP, 61.7% IP 1m) during the one-year surveys in comparison to control. In contrast, IRS treated block experienced an increase in both indexes. However, despite IP and IP 1m impacted in Aedes adult and immature indexes with noticeable reductions, the differences in all cases were not significative among the different insecticide treatments. The low sample size and mosquito population levels may have influenced the statistical outcomes. More than 80% of the interviewed residents were satisfied with the effectiveness of the paint and IRS treatments. The determination of the blood cholinesterase activity of tested individuals after the use of the carbamate paint and IRS in this study did not exceed acceptable inhibition limits. This study suggests that the application of propoxur paint by homeowners as full house coverage or as targeted indoor painting can be a safe and accepted intervention method for density reduction of Aedes aegypti populations in urban environments.
Enhanced Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Multimode–Single-Mode–Multimode Fiber Optic Refractive Index Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Akbarpour Zahra , Ahmadi Vahid , Arabpour Roghabadi Farzaneh
Published: November 2021

In this paper, an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor for refractive index (RI) measuring is presented, which is based on Multimode–Single-mode–Multimode (MSM) fiber. The effects of both reducing the radius of the sensing part and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on its efficiency are investigated. Increasing the interaction of high-order modes with external media, caused by etching the cladding layer of the single-mode fiber part, significantly improves the sensitivity. Both wavelength and intensity interrogation approaches are employed to study the Multimode–etched Single-mode–Multimode (MESM) fiber sensor. The intensity and the wavelength sensitivities for the RI measurement in the range of 1.428-1.458 are obtained as -2308.92 %/RIU and 1313.14 nm/RIU, respectively. Finally, the MESM-SPR sensor is proposed and characterized. Results exhibit high performance in the RI range of 1.333 to 1.357, in which the sensitivity of 1433 nm/RIU is achieved. The advantages like low cost, high sensitivity, and simple fabrication methods make these sensors promising devices for chemical, food industry, and biosensing applications.
3D Printed Orthodontic Distalizer with Individual Base for Tooth-Borne Hybrid Approach in Class II Unilateral Malocclusions Treatment
Authors: Thurzo Andrej , Urbanová Wanda , Novák Bohuslav , Waczulíková Iveta , Varga Ivan
Published: November 2021

Aim of this research paper is to introduce a novel method of hybrid orthodontic tooth-borne distalizer treatment of class II malocclusion by using 3D printed biocompatible personalized distalizer. Explains 3D designing, printing and clinical application of individualized biocompatible medical device dedicated for orthodontic teeth distalization. Compares such distalizer manufactured from two different biocompatible photopolymers (white and transparent). Evaluates their clinical performance and also patients’ aesthetical perception. Clinical part includes comparison of treatment debonding on the set of 12 complete orthodontic treatments with uni-lateral class II malocclusion managed with hybrid approach (CAT-Invisalign with 3D printed distalizer). Paper offers an evaluation of the personalized distalizer functioning in regard to current publications and comparison to conventional prefabricated alternatives like Carriere® Distalizer™ appliance. Results showed no significance of material differences on clinical performance of such individualized distalizers. Research showed preference of patients towards transparent biocompatible photopolymer instead of white A2 shade.
A Combined Metrics Approach to Cloud Service Reliability using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chhetri Tek , Dehury Chinmaya Kumar , Lind Artjom , Srirama Satish Narayana , Fensel Anna
Published: November 2021

Identifying and anticipating potential failures in the cloud is an effective method for increasing cloud reliability and proactive failure management. Many studies have been conducted to predict potential failure, but none have combined SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) hard drive metrics with other system metrics such as CPU utilisation. Therefore, we propose a combined metrics approach for failure prediction based on Artificial Intelligence to improve reliability. We tested over 100 cloud servers’ data and four AI algorithms: Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Long-Short-Term Memory, and Gated Recurrent Unit. Our experimental result shows the benefits of combining metrics, outperforming state-of-the-art.
Presenting the Seventh JDR Award
Authors: Hayashi Haruo ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan
Published: November 2021

On behalf of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), it is my great honor and pleasure to present the 2021 JDR Award to Prof. and Dr. Suminao Murakami, or “Murakami Sensei.” Murakami Sensei has served as the founding Editor-in-Chief of the JDR for the past 16 years, since 2006. The JDR has now published more than 100 issues, becoming recognized as the leading Japan-based, international online peer-review journal on disaster risk reduction for all hazards except war, and Murakami Sensei has always been its greatest contributor. The Editorial Board reluctantly respected Murakami Sensei’s decision to resign from the position of Editor-in-Chief, but it has unanimously agreed to rename the JDR Award to the MURAKAMI Suminao Award for Disaster Research from 2022 on. The Journal of Disaster Research will continue its best efforts “to reduce the horrors of disaster through information,” as Murakami Sensei and Takiguchi Sensei wrote in the Message from the Editors-in-Chief in the first issue of the JDR.
The Reality of Disaster Mitigation Activities for Companies in Tokyo’s Central Business District: A Case Study on Support for Stranded Commuters in the Initial Period in Chuo-Ku
Authors: Hiroi U , Shindo Jun , Kurome Tsuyoshi , Toratani Takeshi , Miyata Sakurako ,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Sompo Risk Management Inc., Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2021

In this study, the Council of Policy for Stranded Commuters in Chuo-ku, Tokyo, is considered as an example of local disaster mitigation activities through mutual aid for companies. The process of the activities during the initial period is described, and the points necessary to “establish and maintain the disaster mitigation activities by multiple companies” are summarized. The efforts of the council have led to the development of a community in which various disaster mitigation measures are not limited to those for stranded commuters but include responses to the sick and wounded; these disaster mitigation measures within companies are discussed. As a result, four points are derived as important factors, namely, grasping the local characteristics, forming an organization where the consensus can be built smoothly together with administrative bodies and academics, formulating local behavioral rules, and stipulating the principles behind the activities and the future prospects. The efforts for the local disaster mitigation activities taken up mainly by the residents of communities have been reported in many studies. However, there are few studies on the disaster mitigation activities conducted for companies; as such, only a case study of the measures for stranded commuters in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo has been reported [1]. This is a case study that reports the process of the establishment of disaster mitigation activities for companies; based on the case study of Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, this study takes into consideration the characteristics of Chuo-ku, Tokyo, which has no terminal station.
What Helps Early Recovery of Disaster-Affected Small Businesses: A Case Study of a Local Cooperative Affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Li Jin , Zhou Fei ,   Disaster Prevention Information Section (Tokyo), PASCO Corporation 1-7-1 Shimomeguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064, Japan,   School of Management Studies, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
Published: November 2021

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake impacted many business enterprises in the tsunami affected Tohoku region. While the number of disaster related bankruptcies has been increasing in the tsunami-affected areas since 2011, one small shopping district in Natori city, Miyagi, has managed to make an early recovery from the disaster. The Yuriage Port Morning Market (YPMM), which is operated by the Yuriage Port Morning Market Cooperative (YPMMC), managed to resume business operations in its original location just two years and two months after the disaster, and the YPMM now attracts more visitors than it did before the disaster. The present study was designed to explore factors that had helped the YPMMC bring the YPMM back on track after the disaster. Results derived from interview and questionnaire surveys revealed that new business model creation and adaptation, social capital, and leadership seemed to have played significant roles in the early recovery of the YPMM. Although these factors might not have been the only factors contributing to the YPMM’s early recovery, they should have made the difference between the YPMM and other shopping districts that had failed to resume its business operations after the disaster.
Explainable and Interpretable Anomaly Detection Models for Production Data
Authors: Alharbi Basma , Liang Zhenwen , Aljindan Jana M. , Agnia Ammar K. , Zhang Xiangliang
Published: November 2021

Trusting a machine-learning model is a critical factor that will speed the spread of the fourth industrial revolution. Trust can be achieved by understanding how a model is making decisions. For white-box models, it is easy to “see” the model and examine its prediction. For black-box models, the explanation of the decision process is not straightforward. In this work, we compare the performance of several white- and black-box models on two production data sets in an anomaly detection task. The presence of anomalies in production data can significantly influence business decisions and misrepresent the results of the analysis, if not identified. Therefore, identifying anomalies is a crucial and necessary step to maintain safety and ensure that the wells perform at full capacity. To achieve this, we compare the performance of K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (Logit), support vector machines (SVMs), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and rule fit classifier (RFC). F1 and complexity are the two main metrics used to compare the prediction performance and interpretability of these models. In one data set, RFC outperformed the remaining models in both F1 and complexity, where F1 = 0.92, and complexity = 0.5. In the second data set, RF outperformed the rest in prediction performance with F1 = 0.84, yet it had the lowest complexity metric (0.04). We further analyzed the best performing models by explaining their predictions using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations, which provide justification for decisions made for each instance. Additionally, we evaluated the global rules learned from white-box models. Local and global analysis enable decision makers to understand how and why models are making certain decisions, which in turn allows trusting the models.
Bone Regeneration in Rat Using a PCL/gelatin/Nanoclay Nanocomposite Scaffold Containing Silybin
Authors: Tayeed Mohammad Hossein , Tehranchi Maryam , Ehterami Arian , Shanei Fereshteh , Taleghani Ferial , Semyari Hasan , ganji Saeed Mahdipour , Mehrnia Nika , Bozorgzadeh Shaghayegh , salehi majid
Published: November 2021

Bone cells need solid structures like the extracellular matrix (ECM) for healing injured areas. Finding appropriate materials and fabrication processes for the scaffold is a challenge in tissue engineering. In this study, 3-D porous scaffold was made of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Nanoclay (PCL/GNF/NC) and different dosages of silybin (Sil) were loaded by a combination of electrospinning and thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) techniques. Different experiments like assessing surface morphology, porosity, compressive strength, water contact angle, degradation rate, releasing profile, hemolysis, and cell proliferation were done to assess attributes of fabricated scaffolds. For in vivo evaluation, the calvaria defect model in rats was used and the result was evaluated by histological analysis. Based on the results, the porosity of scaffolds was in the range of 70-90%, and samples containing silybin had lower compress strength and contact angle and higher degradation rate in comparison with samples without silybin. The results showed that PCL/GNF/NC/Sil1% had better cell proliferation bone healing than other studied groups. The results of this study can be considered for further researches to assess the effect of silybin in bone defect treatment.
Young Parents’ Experiences of Pregnancy and Parenting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Moltrecht Bettina , Dalton Louise J. , Hanna Jeffrey R. , Law Clare , Rapa Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

Young parents (aged 16-24 years) in the perinatal period are at an increased risk of poor mental health especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to multiple risk factors including social and economic instability. COVID-19 related restrictions had profound implications for the delivery of perinatal care services and other support structures for young parents. Investigating young parents’ experiences during the pandemic, including their perceived challenges and needs, is important to inform good practice and provide appropriate support for young parents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with young parents (n=21) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from February – May 2021. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three key themes were identified to describe parents’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported specific COVID-19 related anxieties and stressors, including worries around contracting the virus and increased feelings of distress due to uncertainty created by the implications of the pandemic. Parents described feeling alone both at home and during antenatal appointments and highlighted the absence of social support as a major area of concern. Also, parents felt their perinatal care had been disrupted by the pandemic and experienced difficulties accessing care online or over the phone. This study highlights the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young parents, including their mental wellbeing and the perinatal support they were able to access. Insights from this study can inform the support and services offered to families going forward. Specifically, the findings emphasise the importance of (a) supporting both parents during perinatal appointments, (b) providing parents with mental health support early on and (c) finding ways to facilitate communication pathways between professionals and parents.
Comparative proteomics analysis provides new insights into the haustorium development of Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser
Authors: Pan Limei , Wan Lingyun , Song Lisha , He Lili , Jiang Ni , Long Hairong , Huo Juan , Ji Xiaowen , Hu Fengyun , Fu Jine , Wei Shugen
Published: November 2021

Background

Loranthus (Taxillus chinensis) is an important medicinal and parasitic plant that attacks other plants for living. To reveal the mechanisms of haustorium development, we employed an iTRAQ proteomics-based approach to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) of fresh seeds (CK), baby (FB), and adult haustoria (FD).
Results

A total of 563 and 785 DAPs were successfully quantified in the early/later developmental stage, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DAPs mainly associated with metabolic pathways, ribosome, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. In the meantime, DAPs associated with phytohormone signaling pathway changed markedly. Furthermore, we evaluated the contents change of phytohormone during the haustoria development. These results indicated that phytohormone is very important for haustorium development. qRT-PCR validation showed that the mRNA expression levels were consistent with the protein variation, suggesting that our result were reliable.
Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first haustoria proteomes of loranthus, and our findings will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of haustoria development.
Individual and Environmental Risk Factors for COVID- 19 Mortality in Elderly
Authors: Bourdrel Thomas , Zabrocki Leo , Compte Nathalie , Bravenboer Bert , Decours Romain , Pelerin Hélène , De decker Laure , Kergaradec Laurence Le Jumeau , Lilamand Matthieu , Baudron Claire Roubaud , Fougère Bertrand , Mahmoudi Rachid , Schorr Benoit , Kaltenbach Georges , Vogel Thomas , Puech Vincent-Henri , Blanc Fréderic , Bind Marie-Abèle
Published: November 2021

Several studies have already explored individual and environmental risk factors for COVID-19 morality, however most study populations consisted of the overall population and mainly from China or the US. Our study focused on COVID-19 mortality in the elderly in seven European cities. Long-term exposure to air pollution was estimated through annual pollutant concentrations at the residential address averaged over the last two years of the study period between February and May 2020. We focused on the main outdoor air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3. Short-term variations in air pollutants and weather parameters (e.g. temperature, UV, relative humidity) were also examined through a 20-day period before the confirmed PCR diagnostic of COVID-19. Individual risk factors such as smoking status, sex, body mass index (BMI), ischemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, history of cancer, COPD, and lung fibrosis, were taken into account. We found positive associations for diabetes and COVID-19 mortality (OR 2.2 CI 95% :1.1, 4.4). Using a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for all patient characteristics and city, we fail to reject the null hypothesis of no association between COVID-19 mortality and long-term and short-term increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3. Our study suffers from the fact that patient profiles strongly differ between high-polluted and less-polluted cities. Strong differences in COVID-19 mortalities were observed between cities, which could be due to differences in COVID-19 management and treatment, such as accessibility to reanimation and intensive units between cities. Overall, our study highlights the need to improve estimation of individual exposure to air pollution. Indeed, even with the high-efficiency modelisation systems used in our study, we were unable to estimate the effect of air pollution within each city, because variations in air pollution exposure were too small. Individual markers of air pollution exposure such as recently demonstrated with urinary black carbon or passive individual samplers, would be most suitable for future explorations. Concerning weather parameters, although previous studies concluded that increase in temperature and UV index could decrease COVID-19 morality, our data did not allow us to reject the null hypotheses.
A Clinical Observational Study of Effectiveness of a Solid Coupling Medium in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Chang Hao-Han , Lin Yu-Chih , Li Ching-Chia , Wu Wen-Jeng , Liou Wen-Chin , Lin Yusen Eason , Chen Wei-Chuan
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to investigate clinical effectiveness of stone disintegration by using isolation coupling pad(“icPad”) as coupling medium to reduce trapped air pockets during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Patients underwent ESWL between Oct. 2017 to May. 2018 were enrolled in this clinical observational study. An electromagnetic lithotripter (Dornier MedTech Europe GmbH Co., Germany) was used in this study. Patients were divided into icPad group P1, P2 and semi-gel group C by different coupling medium. The energy level and total number of shock wave (SW) for group P1 and C was set at level 2 and 3000 and group P2 at level 3 and 2500. The successful stone disintegration rate (SSDR) was determined to evaluate the treatment outcome. All patients were evaluated by KUB film and ultrasonography after 90 days. Complications during ESWL were recorded. A total of 300 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in characteristics of patients and stone among three groups. The corresponding SSDRs for patients in group P1, P2 and C was 73.0%, 73.2% and 55.3%, respectively. The SSDR in group P1 was statistically higher than Group C. Comparing to semi-liquid gel, coupling medium using by icPad could achieve better treatment outcome of stone disintegration in ESWL.
Ceramide synthesis regulates biogenesis and packaging of exosomal MALAT1 from adipose derived stem cells, increases dermal fibroblast migration and mitochondrial function.
Authors: Kong Xiaoyuan , Patel Niketa A. , Chalfant Charles E. , Cooper Denise R.
Published: November 2021

Background
The function of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), is becoming increasingly recognized as a means of transferring the regenerative power of stem cells to injured cells in wound healing. Exosomes are rich in ceramides and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) like metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). We identified putative ceramide responsive cis-elements (CRCE) in MALAT1. We hypothesized that CRCE respond to cellular ceramide levels to regulate EVs MALAT1 packaging. MALAT1 levels by many cells exceeds those of protein coding genes and it’s expression is equally high in exosomes. Ceramide also regulates exosome synthesis, however, the contents of exosome cargo via sphingomyelinase and ceramide synthase pathways has not been demonstrated.
Methods
ADSC were treated with an inhibitor of sphingomyelinase, GW4869, and stimulators of ceramide synthesis, C2- and C6-short chain ceramides, prior to collection of conditioned media (CM). EV were isolated from CM, and then used to treat human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures in cell migration scratch assays, and mitochondrial stress tests to evaluate oxygen consumption rates (OCR).
Results
Inhibition of sphingomyelinase by treatment of ADSC with GW4869 lowered levels of MALAT1 in small EVs. Stimulation of ceramide synthesis using C2- and C6- ceramides increased cellular, EVs levels of MALAT1. The functional role of EV MALAT1 was evaluated in HDF by applying EVs to HDF. Control EVs increased migration of HDF, and significantly increased ATP production, basal and maximal respiration OCR. EV from GW4869-treated ADSC inhibited cell migration and maximal respiration. However, EV from C2- and C6-treated cells, respectively, increased both functions but not significantly above control EV except for maximal respiration. EV were exosomes except when ADSC were treated with GW4869 and C6-ceramide, then they were larger and considered microvesicles.
Conclusions
Ceramide synthesis regulates MALAT1 EV content. Sphingomyelinase inhibition blocked MALAT1 from being secreted from ADSC EVs. Our report is consistent with those of MALAT1 increasing cell migration and mitochondrial MALAT1 altering maximal respiration in cells. Since MALAT1 is important for exosome function, it stands that increased exosomal MALAT1 should be beneficial for wound healing as shown with these assays.
Risk Factors of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis and Recurrence in Patients with Early Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Zhang Hongyuan , Xu Juan , Qu Pengpeng
Published: November 2021

Background: Pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) is one of the critical factors affecting the postoperative prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. Preoperative identification of risk factors for PLNM can optimize preoperative treatment plans and prognostic assessments.The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for PLNM and its recurrence in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.Methods: Medical records of 245 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy as primary treatment for the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO,2009) stage IA-IIA cervical cancer between January 2010 and December 2015 were reviewed. Clinicopathological risk factors were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed up for 5–10 years. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model for the analysis of risk factors for PLNM.Results: Preoperative hemoglobin level, FIGO stage, LVSI, parametrial infiltration, and tumor diameter differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed preoperative hemoglobin <110 g/L, FIGO stage II, LVSI, parametrial infiltration, and tumor diameter ≥4 cm as significant risk factors for PLNM and recurrence of cervical cancer after surgery (P<0.05). PLNM was identified as the independent risk factor for recurrence in patients with cervical cancer after surgery (P<0.05).Conclusions: Patients with PLNM have a high recurrence rate, and postoperative follow-up should be closely followed to ensure timely detection of recurrence and treatment. For patients at high risk of PLNM, intraoperative careful and comprehensive pelvic lymph node resection should be performed to avoid missing metastatic lymph nodes and affecting the prognosis. Given the many complications of pelvic lymph node dissection for the low-risk population, further research is needed to determine whether pelvic lymphadenectomy should be attempted only in high-risk individuals.
Analysing Mental Health Problems of Adults During COVID Using a MIMIC Model: Evidence from Indian Metropolitan Cities
Authors: Husain Zakir , Ghosh Saswata , Dutta Mousumi , Chaudhuri Kausik , Chakrabarti Anindita
Published: November 2021

Given reduced social interactions and economic distress, mental health has emerged as an important concern during COVID-19. This study estimates the prevalence of mental health problems during the first wave of COVID and identifies its determinants among the general population of Indian metropolitan cities.The study uses a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model to measure depression, anxiety and stress using observed indicators of these latent constructs, and to identify the socio-economic groups at risk of these disorders. The data was collected from 1,275 adults randomly selected from the list of mobile phone users in Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Hyderabad. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered to the study participants.About 46, 24 and 48 percent of respondents reported symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, respectively. Single respondents, members of minority groups, less educated and those belonging to large households are identified to be at-risk. Results also indicate a positive relationship between economic stress and mental illness.Although COVID has increased the psychological burden of the population, all persons reporting psychological disorders may not require clinical attention. While community-based support may be sufficient in general, monitoring is required to identify at risk persons who may require clinical support.
Transcriptomic Alterations Related to Epilepsy and Tumor Suppression in the Peritumoral Area of a Rat Glioma Model
Authors: Komiyama Kazuki , Iijima Keiya , Kawabata-Iwakawa Reika , Fujihara Kazuyuki , Kakizaki Toshikazu , Yanagawa Yuchio , Yoshimoto Yuhei , Miyata Shigeo
Published: November 2021

Patients with glioma often demonstrate epilepsy. We previously found burst discharges in the peritumoral area in patents with malignant brain tumors during biopsy. Therefore, we hypothesized that the peritumoral area may possess an epileptic focus and that biological alterations in the peritumoral area may cause epileptic symptoms in patients with glioma. To test our hypothesis, we developed a rat model of glioma and characterized it at the cellular and molecular levels. We first labeled rat C6 glioma cells with tdTomato, a red fluorescent protein (C6-tdTomato) and implanted them into the somatosensory cortex of VGAT-Venus rats, which specifically expressed Venus, a yellow fluorescent protein in GABAergic neurons. We observed that the density of GABAergic neurons was significantly decreased in the peritumoral area of rats with glioma compared with the contralateral healthy side. By using a combination technique of laser capture microdissection and RNA sequencing(LCM-seq) of paraformaldehyde-fixed brain sections, we demonstrated that 19 genes were differentially expressed in the peritumoral area and that five of them were associated with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, the canonical pathways actively altered in the peritumoral area were predicted to cause a reduction in GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that biological alterations in the peritumoral area may be a cause of glioma-related epilepsy.
Induction of Caveolin-3/RyR2 By Liraglutide Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Li Xu , Ni Zebin , Wang Junwu , Ye Xiuying , Shen Yujing , Liu Ruohai , Pan Wei , Cao Hong , Wu Wenjun
Published: November 2021

Background Liraglutide (LIRA), a Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), showed potent cardioprotective effects with the mechanism remained incompletely understood. Caveolin-3 (Cav3) is the cardiomyocytes specific caveolae structural protein, decreased in the diabetic heart. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether LIRA exerts its effect on cardiac function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via enhance Cav3 expression. Methods T2DM rats were used as study subjects and randomly divided into four groups: 1) CON group, 2) CON+L group, 3) DM group and 4) DM+L group. All rats received either saline or LIRA 0.2 mg/kg (by i.p injection) per day for 4 weeks. After the model was successfully established, cardiac function was determined by invasive hemodynamic evaluation methods. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to understand the molecular mechanism between cardiac function and LIRA. Results Based on our results, DM group displayed higher blood glucose than Con group (20.57±2.75 mol/L vs. 4.34±0.21 mol/L), while blood glucose level in DM+L group was lower than DM group after received LIRA (10.36±1.84 mol/L). LVSP (91.39±4.98 mmHg), LV +dp/dtmax (4040.74±197.72 mmHg/s) were significantly reduced in DM group, and diabetic rats also exhibited reduced -dp/dtmax (2926.5±142.3 mmHg/s) and elevated LVEDP (10.87±0.83 mmHg). LIRA treatment showed a trend to enhance LVSP (110.76±5.61 mmHg) and ± dp/dtmax (5860.41±200.32 mmHg and 3996.8±179.3 mmHg), decreased LVEDP (7.23±0.58 mmHg). The expression of Cav3, eNOS and RyR2 was significantly decreased in the myocardium in DM group, which increased in DM+L group after LIRA administrated. Hemodynamic data showed DM rats exhibited impairment of myocardial function, while LIRA improved cardiac systolic and diastolic function, attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy injury by improving Cav3/eNOS/NO signaling, reducing ROS level in cardiac tissues, and increasing interaction of Cav3 and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2). Conclusions Liraglutide ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus via reducing ROS level in cardiac tissues, improving Cav3/eNOS/NO signaling and increasing interaction of Cav3 and RyR2. Keywords Type-2 diabetes Mellitus, liraglutide, caveolin-3, ryanodine receptor2, myocardial dysfunction
Dynamic analysis of detumbling a rotating satellite using flexible deceleration rod
Authors: Dai Honghua , Chen Hao , Yue Xiaokui
Published: November 2021

Malfunctioning satellites are generally non-cooperative tumbling objects. Due to their complex tumbling motion, it is essential to stabilize the target within an acceptable rotating range in the pre-capture phase. In contrast to contactless methods, contact methods based on flexible devices are efficient and can generate sufficient operating torque through flexible contact. However, accurate dynamic analysis of the operation is challenging because of two limitations. It is difficult to obtain a high-efficiency description of the large deformation arising from the operating process. Moreover, the contact between a flexible device and a tumbling object is hard to detect efficiently. This paper proposes a method for detumbling a free-floating rotating satellite; it uses a flexible rod to contact the solar array of the target. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation is first applied to a rod-contact detumbling model in simulation to describe the large deformation of the rod precisely with a low computational burden. Next, a two-step method to detect the contact is employed to pinpoint the contact point and speed up the simulation: coarse detection in the contactless phase and fine detection in the contact phase. Finally, the feasibility of the contact detumbling method is verified. In addition, through the further analysis of the contact process, some characteristics of this kind of strategy are studied for the first time.
Effects of Combined Abiotic Stresses On Nutrient Content of European Wheat and Implications For Nutritional Security Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Galani Yamdeu , Hansen Emilie Øst , Droutsas Ioannis , Holmes Melvin , Challinor Andrew , Mikkelsen Teis , Orfila Caroline
Published: November 2021

Climate change is causing problems for agriculture, but the effect of combined environmental stresses on crop nutritional quality is not clear. Here we studied the effect of 10 combinations of climatic conditions (temperature, CO2, O3 and drought) in controlled growth chamber conditions on the protein and mineral content of 3 wheat varieties. Results show that wheat plants under O3 exposure alone concentrated 15-31% more grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zn, reduced K by 5%, and C did not change. Ozone in the presence of elevated CO2 and higher temperature enhanced the content of Fe, Mn, P and Zn by 2-18%. Water-limited chronic O3 exposure resulted in 9-46% higher concentrations of all the minerals, except K. The effect of climate change could increase the ability of wheat to meet adult daily dietary requirements by 1.06-1.12-fold for Fe, Zn and protein, but decrease those of Mg, Mn and P by 1.03-1.06-fold, and K by 2.78-fold. The role of wheat in future nutrition security is discussed.