bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFESSIONAL SPORT AS A FACTOR OF YOUTH SOCIALIZATION
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Tupikov E.K.
Published: February 2023

The article provides a theoretical substantiation of the importance of considering professional sports as one of the factors of youth socialization. The influence of sports on the socialization of young people is the object of many scientific studies, but there are practically no comprehensive studies devoted to the influence of professional sports. Professional sport is a sphere of public life that has large amounts of funding and is highly popular among the population. Professional sport influences young people to varying degrees through sporting events, media coverage, online discussions, and etc. Based on the borrowed model of the structure of the socialization of an individual, the author describes the main directions of the influence of professional sports on young people. The research methods are a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the problem under study, as well as a secondary analysis of previously conducted sociological studies and statistical data. The conclusions made by the author are that the impact of professional sports on the socialization of young people consist in the spread of value orientations, meeting the need for affiliation and influencing career preferences. And also professional sports are revealed as a significant factor of socialization, which can have both positive and negative effects on young people, while the author notes the need for further research on this issue.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA IN THE POST-COLONIAL PERIOD: MAIN FEATURES, PROBLEMS, EVOLUTION
Authors:   Adygh State University, Ivashchenko A.S.
Published: February 2023

After the liberation of the countries of Asia and Africa from colonial and semi-colonial dependence in the second half of XX century, they faced a whole series of problems that required urgent solutions. One of these problems was the task of filling the declared sovereignty with real efforts to create capable, established states. Not all countries of the Afro-Asian region, even today, have managed to solve this problem. However, among the third world countries there are also quite a few states that have succeeded. India can be such an example. A country with almost one and a half billion people, with a complex multi-confessional and multi-ethnic structure became the third largest economy in the world at the beginning of the 21st century. The purpose of the article is to clarify the prerequisites for the dynamic development of India since 1947 including civilizational ones, as well as to identify the main stages in the development of the Indian economy and its characteristic features, differences in economic development from other developing countries, and main problems and difficulties. The following methods of scientific research have been used in the research: a comparative-and historical one, periodization method, problem and chronological method, historical and genetic method, etc.
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE AND SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MULTILINGUALISM (THE CASE OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC)
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Burkova T.A. , Ivanova N.V. , Iksanova R.M. ,   Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I.Ya. Yakovlev
Published: February 2023

In modern Russian education the issues of forming a personality capable of being tolerant, ready for a dialogue of cultures, mastering the ways of the intercultural communication in the global information multicultural space are actively discussed. The relevance of studying on a multilingual basis is determined both by the global integration processes in different spheres of an individual's life, and by the need to preserve national languages and cultures. A multilingual educational and developmental environment is an important condition for the development of communicative skills and cognitive abilities in children. The purpose of the research is to analyze the formation of communicative and social and cultural competence among pupils in the context of the introduction of a multilingual model of multicultural education in preschool educational institutions. The working group of the BSPU named after M. Akmulla developed diagnostic materials that test the skills of speaking, listening, vocabulary in native and foreign languages, knowledge of national traditions and realities. Preschoolers of multilingual groups of the Chuvash Republic took part in the diagnostic study. The analysis of the results of the level of formation of communicative and socio-cultural competencies allowed us to conclude that children have sufficient knowledge of lexical units on the topic "My family", "Account", "Animals", are able to answer questions both in Chuvash and in English. It should be noted that the level of formation of communicative and social and cultural competencies of preschoolers depends on the creation of an appropriate developing multilingual environment in a preschool institution. The introduction of multilingual educational trajectories of learning allows students to form a civic identity, promotes the development of a tolerant attitude to linguistic and cultural diversity.
Safety huddles in paediatric intensive care unit: implementation and staff perception in a resource limited setting
Authors: Zeeshan Arsheen , Yasmin Hashwani  , Muhammad Jawwad  , Yousafzai Muhammad Tahir , Naveed Rehman  , Qalab Abbas
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the perception, knowledge, empowerment and comfort level of critical care staff in relation to the implementation of safety huddles in paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.
Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2020 to February 2021, and comprised physicians, nurses and paramedics who were part of the safety huddle. Staff perception regarding this activity was evaluated using open-ended questions that were scored on a Likert scale. Data was analysed using STATA 15.
Results: Of the 50 participants, 27(54%) were females and 23(46%) were males. Overall, 26(52%) subjects were aged 20-30 years age, while 24(48%) were aged 31-50 years. Of the total, 37(74%) subjects strongly agreed that safety huddle had been routinely held in the unit since initiation; 42(84%) felt comfortable sharing their concerns about patient safety; and 37(74%) considered the huddles worthwhile. Majority 42(84%) felt more empowered through huddle participation. Moreover, 45(90%) participants strongly agreed that daily huddle helped them in becoming clearer about their responsibilities. For safety risk assessment, 41(82%) participants acknowledged that safety risks had been assessed and modified in routine huddles.
Conclusion: Safety huddle was found to be a powerful tool to create a safe environment in a paediatric intensive care unit where all team members can speak up freely about patient safety.
Key Words: Safety huddle, Staff perception, Staff empowerment, Patient safety in PICU.
Edukasi ISPA pada Musim Hujan di Masa Pandemi Bersama Yatim Piatu Desa Jepang Mejobo Kudus
Authors: Lina Rifda Naufa , Rahmawaty Annis , Pratiwi Yulia , Wijaya Hasty Martha , Setyoningsih Heni , Sugiarti Lilis
Published: February 2023

Pada bayi, anak-anak, dan orang lanjut usia ISPA mempunyai tingkat mortalitas sangat tinggi. Kurangmya pengetahuan tentang ISPA menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya ISPA. Musim hujan dapat meningkatkan resiko terjadinya ISPA karena dapat menurunkan imunitas tubuh, Sehingga diperlukan edukasi ISPA pada saat musim hujan di masa pandemik untuk mencegah terjadinya ISPA. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi bagaimana cara mencegah ISPA pada musim hujan di masa pandemik. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini dengan memberikan edukasi berupa ceramah, diskusi, pretest dan posttest. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Aula Soekusno ITEKES Cendekia Utama Kudus yang diikuti oleh Yatim Piatu di Desa Jepang Mejobo Kudussebanyak 30 anak. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan anak yatim piatu di desa jepang tentang bagaimana cara mencegah ISPA di musim hujan pada saat pandemik. Hasil pretest tentang ISPA yang paling banyak yaitu pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 16 orang (53,33%) sedangkan setelah diberikan edukasi berupa sosialisasi ISPA, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta menjadi tingkat pengetahuan baik sebanyak 13 orang (43,33%). Hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, mempunyai dampak dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anak yatim piatu tentang ISPA, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengurangi kejadian ISPA pada anak yatim piatu di desa Jepang Mejobo Kudus.
Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2: Autocuidado en Adultos mayores, desde el enfoque NOC
Authors: Vargas Aguilar Germania Marivel , Stepenka Victoria Álvarez , Olaya Pincay María Elena , Rebolledo Malpica Dinora Margarita
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El autocuidado es la capacidad que tiene una personas para aplicarse así mismo los cuidados necesarios para sobrellevar una enfermedad o para prevenirla, pero en el caso de la confraternidad “Lupita Nolivos”, que da atención médica a adultos mayores que son quienes mayormente se ven afectados se precisa que la terna enfermera conozca tanto los resultados como intervenciones que permitan salvaguardar la integridad de este grupo de personas, así como también conocer en qué nivel estos pueden aplicarse cuidados a sí mismos.  Objetivo: Describir la taxonomía NOC en el autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se desarrolla bajo una modalidad cuantitativa con un enfoque positivista, como instrumento de recolección de datos se recurre a la encuesta y la ficha de observación, mientras que la muestra es de 50 historias clínicas. Resultados: A tres de las encuestas se pudo identificar que los adultos mayores, llevan buenas costumbres que les permiten contar con una vida saludable y a través de la ficha de observaciones fue posible captar los resultados e intervenciones más comunes dentro del CAE. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores respetan la prescripción médica y viven en armonía con su padecimiento, esto gracias a que se les brinda controles periódicos, por otro lado, los resultados de la ficha médica muestran que los resultados más comunes son la falta de sueño, problemas de evacuación, desorden nutricional, problemas emocionales entre otros, los cuales son tratados mediante intervenciones de control que permitan regular su metabolismo.
The Eco-Self in Early Modern English Literature
Authors: Gruber Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

The Eco-Self in Early Modern English Literature tracks an important shift in early modern conceptions of selfhood, arguing that the period hosted the birth of a new subset of the human, the eco-self, which melds a deeply introspective turn with an abiding sense of humans’ embedment in the world. A confluence of cultural factors produced the relevant changes. Of paramount significance was the rapid spread of literacy in England and across Europe: reading transformed the relationship between self and world, retooled moral reasoning, and even altered human anatomy. This book pursues the salutary possibilities, including the ecological benefits, of this redesigned self by advancing fresh readings of texts by William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, John Webster, and Margaret Cavendish. The eco-self offers certain refinements to ecological theory by renewing appreciation for the rational, deliberative functions that distinguish humans from other species.
Māori Textiles and Culture
Authors: Smith Catherine
Published: February 2023

Māori settled Aotearoa New Zealand from East Polynesia in the early-fourteenth
century AD. Polynesian people travelled with a “portable economy,” importing
domesticate food sources and textile crops. However, this suite of food and textile
crops and animals was only partially successful in New Zealand due to the change
from a tropical climate with little seasonality, to one that ranged from sub-tropical to
sub-arctic zones across two large islands. Māori textiles thus show little resemblance
to Pacific textiles, and provide material evidence of pervasive cultural change upon
arrival. The migratory experience of Māori settling in Aotearoa created a sense of
dislocation from the Pacific homeland, or, as Bhabha puts it, “unhomeliness.” The
“in-between” space occupied by Māori on arrival in Aotearoa required the production of
new cultural meanings, and textiles, this chapter argues, were a potent vehicle to do so.
Strategi pemasaran kelapa gonseng (u neulheu) di Gampong Cot Pu’uk Kecamatan Gandapura Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Wahyuni Putri
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Gampong Cot Pu’uk Kecamatan Gandapura Kabupaten Bireuen pada Bulan September 2017.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman, serta menyusun strategi pemasaran kelapa gonseng (u neulheu) di Gampong Cot Pu’uk Kecamatan Gandapura Kabupaten Bireuen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk memberikan gambaran umum tentang data yang diperoleh. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor internal dapat diidentifikasi bahwa kekuatan utamanya adalah produk berkualitas dan tanpa bahan kimia, sedangkan kelemahan utama adalah modal terbatas. Hasil analisis faktor eksternal, dapat diidentifikasikan peluang utama adalah permintaan konsumen kontinu dan ancaman utama adalah berdirinya usaha yang sejenis.Dari hasil analisis SWOT alternatif strategi yang sesuai untuk melakukan pemasaran kelapa gonseng (U Neulheu) di Gampong Cot Pu’uk Kecamatan Gandapura Kabupaten Bireuen adalah menggunakan strategi growth oriented yangmendukung kebijakan pertumbuhan yang agresif yaitu dengan cara memaksimalkan kekuatan internal untuk memanfaatkan dan merebut peluang eksternal melalui kegiatan pemasaran untuk memperoleh keuntungan guna mencapai pertumbuhan usaha kelapa gonseng yang berkelanjutan.
Lo que la verdad esconde: ¿importa el tamaño en la gestión de los Fondos de Inversión?
Authors: Matallín Sáez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit «Premio Estudios Financieros 2006» en la Modalidad de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas.
Una de las ventajas asociadas comúnmente a las instituciones de inversión colectiva, como el caso de los fondos de inversión, es la gestión de una cartera de gran tamaño que permita la presencia de economías a escala. En este caso, los costes de gestión por unidad invertida serían decrecientes en relación al tamaño, aumentando los resultados y mejorando así la eficiencia del fondo. Para una muestra de fondos de inversión del mercado español, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la existencia de una relación entre el tamaño y la eficiencia de los fondos. La eficiencia es evaluada tanto desde una perspectiva incondicional como desde otra condicional que contempla la posibilidad de una gestión dinámica de la cartera. En ambos casos, los primeros resultados parecen señalar una relación positiva entre el tamaño de los fondos y la eficiencia, especialmente para los fondos de renta variable. La ausencia de una correspondencia negativa entre los costes de gestión y el tamaño no nos permite interpretar el incremento de eficiencia por tamaño bajo la hipótesis de la presencia de economías a escala. Entonces, se analiza si el tamaño del fondo condiciona el grado de dinamismo en la gestión de la cartera y ésta a su vez puede explicar la eficiencia alcanzada. Aunque los fondos grandes presentan en general una gestión menos activa, no se aprecia una clara relación entre tamaño, dinamismo y eficiencia. Ante estos resultados y en último lugar se ha examinado la dependencia entre el tamaño y los flujos de caja originados por la demanda de los partícipes del fondo. Así, para los fondos con inversión predominante en renta variable, se demuestra que el grado de eficiencia condiciona asimétricamente variaciones en el tamaño del fondo. Se evidencia cómo fondos con mejor eficiencia presentan entradas de caja con la suficiente amplitud como para incrementar de forma relativa el tamaño del fondo y provocar así una relación positiva entre el tamaño y la eficiencia. Por lo que, descontando este efecto implícito, se puede concluir que en el mercado español y para la muestra analizada no importa el tamaño del fondo con relación a la eficiencia que éste alcanza.
Perspectiva práctica de la transición al nuevo Plan General de Contabilidad
Authors: Trujillano Olazarri Jorge
Published: February 2023

El autor parte de la base de que las reclasificaciones por simples cambios en los números de las cuentas o en la denominación de las mismas están resueltas por los programas informáticos de contabilidad existentes en el mercado.
La transición deberá consistir en la creación de un asiento de apertura de 2008 que procederá del cierre del ejercicio anterior y que ya contendrá las citadas reclasificaciones. A continuación se proponen una serie de ajustes que se agrupan en tres bloques. En el primero se incluyen las reclasificaciones motivadas por los nuevos conceptos del actual PGC que no existen en el anterior. En el segundo las correspondientes a los conceptos del PGC anterior inexistentes en el nuevo PGC. En el tercero los ajustes relativos a la aplicación del valor razonable a los instrumentos financieros. Finalmente se propone un repaso a la memoria de 2007 en búsqueda de posibles nuevos ajustes.
¿Es comparable la información contable antes y después de las NIIF?
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Gonzalo , Slof John , Solà Tey Magda
Published: February 2023

El estudio analiza el impacto de la aplicación de las NIIF en las magnitudes más importantes de las cuentas anuales consolidadas de grupos que cotizan en el mercado continuo español, ofreciéndose explicaciones a los cambios encontrados con el PGC90. Para numerosas empresas se dan cambios materiales al pasar a NIIF (definidos como diferencias de 10% o más en su valoración). Las partidas con cambios más importantes son los activos financieros (en el caso del 44% de las empresas), el resultado (40%), pasivos no corrientes (38%) y el patrimonio neto (31%), aunque en muchas otras hay cambios también relevantes. A causa del cambio de las partidas anteriores, las ratios de rentabilidad cambian de forma material para aproximadamente la mitad de las empresas, y la de endeudamiento total para un 30%.
Impuesto sobre Sociedades. Ejercicio 2009 (caso práctico)
Authors: Borrás Amblar Fernando
Published: February 2023

Estando próxima la presentación del Impuesto sobre Sociedades, normalmente del 1 al 25 de julio de 2010, vamos a realizar la declaración del impuesto de una sociedad que tributa en el régimen general del impuesto, en la que incorporamos diferentes ajustes por operaciones de la entidad en el ejercicio 2009.
Alternativas en la transición al nuevo Plan General de Contabilidad: determinantes y consecuencias
Authors: Fito M.ª Àngels , Gómez Francesc , Moya Soledad
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2010 en la modalidad de CONTABILIDAD Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS.
La primera aplicación en 2008 del nuevo Plan General de Contabilidad permitió a las empresas españolas elegir como fecha de transición para sus estados financieros individuales el 1 de enero de 2007 o bien el 1 de enero de 2008. La primera opción obligaba a las empresas a presentar estados financieros comparativos, mientras que la segunda opción permitía mostrar únicamente información en la memoria relativa a los ajustes realizados en el patrimonio neto. Este trabajo analiza las principales características de las empresas que voluntariamente han optado por la primera opción y se examina cuál es el impacto cuantitativo del cambio de normativa en las principales partidas contables y ratios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los principales determinantes de esta transición anticipada son el tamaño y la intensidad de capital. En cuanto a la repercusión, el efecto ha sido significativo en la mayoría de partidas y algunos de los ratios. En consecuencia, las empresas que han optado por realizar la transición a 1 de enero de 2008 vulneran el principio de comparabilidad de la información financiera.
Case study: Urban Deli’s digital tool use and sustainability vision
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Nilsson Lewis Astrid , Sendlhofer Tina , Dawkins Elena , Engström Ebba , Moberg Åsa , Vanhuyse Fedra
Published: February 2023

We present a comprehensive qualitative case study conducted at Urban Deli, a Swedish food retailer with a strong sustainability vision, through which we investigate the relevance of digital tools in supporting the retailer with necessary information to become more sustainable in their processes.
Los laberintos insolados
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades Uniandes, Traba Marta
Published: February 2023

Los laberintos insolados es una novela sensorial, en la cual el relato de las experiencias de los sentidos es tan importante como el relato de los acontecimientos. Es una novela de olores, colores, sensaciones táctiles y sonoras. [..] Este mundo sensorial determina el uso del lenguaje y las metáforas que se emplean para nombrar tanto la experiencia exterior como la conciencia interior. Los sentidos, su registro, llevan al recuerdo y a la exploración de la interioridad. Ellos indican, como imágenes, aquello que sucede dentro de los personajes. Es por eso que Los laberintos insolados resulta siendo también una novela de tonos, atmósferas y sensaciones ópticas, una novela con un profundo carácter visual, fílmico, casi cinematográfico. (Tomado del prólogo de Camilo Hernández Castellanos.)
Strategi Kegiatan Pembelajaran Piano Klasik Bagi Anak di Jackson’s Piano Private Learning
Authors: Mamahi Ferren , Pandaleke Stefanny Mersiany
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan pembelajaran piano klasik bagi anak usia 6-8 tahun dan strategi pembelajaran piano klasik bagi anak usia 6-8 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di Jackson’s Piano Private Learning pada tahun 2022. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan interpretasi data maka diperoleh indikasi bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran piano klasik dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan antara lain: mereview lagu dan teknik pada pertemuan sebelumnya, murid memainkan bahan lagu sesuai dengan target yang ditentukan instruktur, instruktur menjelaskan teori dan memberikan contoh lalu murid mengikuti, murid memainkan lagu sampai benar-benar menguasai. Strategi pembelajaran piano klasik yang diterapkan oleh instruktur menggunakan empat tahapan antara lain: strategi persiapan jalannya pembelajaran, strategi pengelolaan dalam pembelajaran piano, strategi pendekatan dalam pembelajaran piano, dan strategi evaluasi dalam pembelajaran piano.

 

Kata kunci: Strategi, Pembelajaran, Piano Klasik
PERAN GEMBALA SIDANG TERHADAP KEPEMIMPINAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN GEREJA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSELING PASTORAL
Authors: Zalukhu Limeani , Zalukhu Leniani
Published: February 2023

The pastor has a very important influence on his church. The leadership of a pastor in a church will affect the growth that occurs in the church. A healthy church is a growing church. However, pastors sometimes neglect to provide guidance so that the church does not grow. If there is no action, an appropriate method of counseling is applied in the church, it will cause a more complicated problem. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of the pastor on leadership and growth in the church. The problems in this study are as follows: What is the role of the pastor on church leadership and growth in the perspective of pastoral counseling?. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results used in this study indicate a form of pastoral counseling method given by the pastor to congregation members as leaders and to increase church growth. The existence of pastoral counseling can help the pastor's role in leadership in the church and display a superior character, trustworthy attitude and role model in growing the church.
Strategi Pendekatan Pelayanan Kontekstual Kepada Suku Bajo Penganut Kepercayaan Animisme Berdasarkan
Authors: Rutmana Kiki , Budiman Sabda
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is a country that has a very religious cultural tribe. This diversity can also be seen from the beliefs of the existing tribes. One of the existing beliefs is animism. The tribe that still has animist beliefs is the Bajo tribe in Gorontalo, North Sulawesi. Evangelistic services are urgently needed for the Bajo tribe. An effective service in reaching out to tribal communities that are thick with local beliefs and culture is contextual service. This paper is presented to explain the strategy of a contextual service approach to the Bajo tribe as adherents of animist beliefs. The author uses the method used in this study is a qualitative research method by conducting a literature study approach. The text on which the author used to build the foundation of the theory is Acts 17:16-34. From the results of the study of the text, the author found a contextual service approach strategy for the Bajo people, namely by knowing the local situation carefully, respecting the beliefs adopted by the local community, using reasoning as a common foothold, and utilizing the teachings and paradigms of the local community to convey the gospel.
Menalar Secara Historis Misi Universal dalam Kitab Yunus
Authors: Lempoy Junaydi Jufriadi
Published: February 2023

This research aims to reason historically the universal mission in the book of Jonah. The method used is a qualitative approach by analyzing the text of the Bible using historical criticism exegesis. Because this research is descriptive qualitative in nature without field research, the researcher as the main instrument utilizes literature studies with various literature ranging from printed books, journals, websites and online applications. After analyzing the introduction of the book of Jonah, the problematic interpretation of the book of Jonah, the universal mission contained in the book of Jonah, to reflecting on it theologically, the research results show that the book of Jonah can be reasoned with historically. The universal mission contained in one of the Old Testament books emphasizes the mission paradigm that cannot be confined by a particular group or nation. Then it becomes a challenge for thinkers and researchers who tend to emphasize ratios more to reflect on the possibility of reasoning historically about things that are considered nonsensical stories. Thus, it is highly recommended to conduct research on other books, both in the Old Testament and the New Testament to find universal missionary characteristics as well as to answer the challenges of the 21st century which are increasingly critical and crises.
Landasan Biblical tentang Peneguhan bagi Murid Kristus
Authors: Nggebu Sostenis
Published: February 2023

The problem discussed in this article is closely related to the importance of establishing for new believers. Establish serves to convince his faith, as well as to remove all obstacles that hinder a person's decision to believe in the Lord Jesus, such as doubts or feeling unworthy before God. The goal is to establish himself in order to grow in his spirituality. The method used is the Bible study method. The results show that establishing of a new convert is a strategic step to solidify his decision to become a follower of Jesus Christ. In addition, edification has a close relationship with evangelism to prepare him to join the local congregation. It is also clear that establishing is not the same as “Sidi” (learn church doctrine or catechism). Because establishing is a place for reaffirmation of his faith before he was handed over to the church. Establishing has a strategic place in building the mature Body of Christ because it strengthens its faith and testimony.
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: CADTH
Published: February 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses pembrolizumab (Keytruda), solution for infusion, 100 mg/4 mL vial.

Indication: Indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma following complete resection.
Specialized Clinics and Health Care Professional Resources for Post–COVID-19 Condition in Canada
Authors: Haas Robyn , Walter Melissa
Published: February 2023

This Environmental Scan aims to provide an overview of the current range and scope of both specialty clinics and available resources for health care professionals about post–COVID-19 condition in Canada. This scan was informed through a limited literature search and a survey completed by targeted contacts across Canada.

Based on the survey responses, specialized clinics for post–COVID-19 condition have been established or are in development in Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec. These clinics exist in various forms and range in their structural characteristics, operational characteristics, and stage of program development and quality improvement activities.

At the time the survey was administered, there were no specialized clinics located in Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. These jurisdictions are at various stages in their approach to addressing post–COVID-19 condition, ranging from prevention efforts to the discussion of and planning for the implementation of clinics in their own jurisdiction.

Based on the results of the literature search, there are a variety of resources that have been developed to improve the education, awareness, and training of health care professionals about post–COVID-19 condition. Referral pathways, tools for symptom screening and patient management, and educational resources, such as webinars, are among the most common. Resources about the development of clinics or models of care for post–COVID-19 condition have also been created.

There is a gap in the jurisdictional representation from some provinces and territories for specialty clinics for post–COVID-19 condition. In addition, this Environmental Scan is not exhaustive and does not necessarily capture all existing clinics in each jurisdiction nor does it provide a comprehensive list of all available resources for health care professionals.
Measuring and modelling investigation of the Net Photochemical Ozone Production Rate via an improved dual-channel reaction chamber technique
Authors: Hao Yixin , Zhou Jun , Zhou Jieping , Wang Yan , Yang Suxia , Huangfu Yibo , Li Xiaobing , Zhang Chunsheng , Liu Aiming , Wu Yanfeng , Yang Shuchun , Peng Yuwen , Qi Jipeng , He Xianjun , Song Xin , Chen Yubin , Yuan Bin , Shao Min
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Current process-based research mainly used the box model to evaluate the photochemical ozone production and destruction rates, it is not clear to which extend the photochemical reaction mechanisms were understood. Here, we modified and improved a net photochemical ozone production rate (NPOPR, P(O3)net) detection system based on current dual-channel reaction chamber technique, which make the instrument appliable to different ambient environment, and its various operating indicators were characterized, i.e., the airtightness, light transmittance, wall losses of the reaction and reference chambers, conversion rate of O3 to NO2, the air residence time, and the performance of the reaction and reference chambers, etc. The limit of detection of NPOPR detection system were determined as 0.07, 1.4, and 2.3 ppbv h−1, at the sampling flow rates of 1.3, 3, and 5 L min−1, respectively. We further applied NPOPR detection system in the field observation at an urban site at Pearl River Delta (China). During the observation period, the maximum value of P(O3)net was 34.1 ppbv h−1, which was ~ 0 ppbv h−1 at night within the system detection error and peaks at around noon local time, the daytime (from 6:00–18:00) average value of P(O3)net was 12.8 (± 5.5) ppbv h−1. We investigated the detailed photochemical O3 formation mechanism in the reaction and reference chambers of NPOPR detection system using a zero-dimensional box model. We found that the photochemical reactions in the reaction chamber were very close to that in the ambient air, but it was not zero-chemistry in the reference chamber, on the contrary, the reaction related to the production and destruction of RO2 (= HO2 + RO2) continues in the reference chamber, which led to small amount of P(O3)net. Therefore, the P(O3)net measured here can be regarded as the lower limit of the real P(O3)net in the atmosphere, however, the measured P(O3)net were still ~ 7.5 ppbv h−1 to 9.3 ppbv h−1 higher than the modeled P(O3)net value depending on different modeling methods, this may be due to the inaccurate estimation of HO2/RO2 radicals in the modeling study. Short-lived intermediates measurements coupling with direct P(O3)net measurements are needed in future in order to understand the O3 photochemistry better. Our results show that the NPOPR detection system can achieve high time resolution and continuous field observation, which helps us to understand photochemical O3 formation better and provides a key scientific basis for the continuous improvement of air quality in China.
Airborne observations of the surface cloud radiative effect during different seasons over sea ice and open ocean in the Fram Strait
Authors: Becker Sebastian , Ehrlich André , Schäfer Michael , Wendisch Manfred
Published: February 2023

Abstract. This study analyzes the surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) obtained during airborne observations of three campaigns in the Arctic north-west of Svalbard. The surface CRE quantifies the potential of clouds to modify the radiative energy budget of the surface and is calculated by combining broadband radiation measurements during low-level flight sections in mostly cloudy conditions with radiative transfer simulations of cloud-free conditions. The significance of surface albedo changes due to the presence of clouds is demonstrated and this effect is considered in the cloud-free simulations. The observations are discussed with respect to differences of the CRE between sea ice and open ocean surfaces, and between the seasonally different campaigns. The results indicate that the CRE depends on both cloud, illumination, surface, and thermodynamic properties. The solar and thermal-infrared (TIR) component of the CRE are analyzed separately and in combination. The inter-campaign differences of the solar CRE are dominated by the seasonal cycle of the solar zenith angle, with the largest cooling effect in summer. The lower surface albedo causes a larger solar cooling effect over open ocean than over sea ice, which amounts to −259 W m−2 (−108 W m−2) and −65 W m−2 (−17 W m−2), respectively, during summer (spring). Independent of campaign and surface type, the TIR CRE is only weakly variable and shows values around 75 W m−2. In total, clouds show a cooling effect over open ocean during all campaigns. In contrast, clouds over sea ice exert a warming effect to the surface, which neutralizes during mid-summer. Given the seasonal cycle of the sea ice distribution, these results imply that clouds in the Fram Strait region cool the surface during the sea ice minimum in late summer, while they warm the surface during the sea ice maximum in spring.
Physicochemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Arctic Ice Nucleating Particles Observed in Ny-Ålesund in Autumn 2019
Authors: Li Guangyu , Wilbourn Elise K. , Cheng Zezhen , Wieder Jörg , Fagerson Allison , Henneberger Jan , Motos Ghislain , Traversi Rita , Brooks Sarah D. , Mazzola Mauro , China Swarup , Nenes Athanasios , Lohmann Ulrike , Hiranuma Naruki , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) initiate primary ice formation in Arctic mixed-phase clouds, altering cloud radiative properties and modulating precipitation. For atmospheric INPs, the complexity of their spatiotemporal variations, heterogeneous sources and evolution via intricate atmospheric interactions challenge the understanding of their impact on microphysical processes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds and induce an uncertain representation in climate models. In this work, we performed a comprehensive analysis of atmospheric aerosols at the Arctic coastal site in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway) from October to November 2019, including their ice nucleation ability, physicochemical properties and potential sources. Overall, INP concentrations during the observation season were approximately up to three orders of magnitude lower compared to the global average, with several samples showing degradation of INP concentrations after heat treatment, implying the presence of proteinaceous INPs. Particle fluorescence was substantially associated with INP concentrations at warmer ice nucleation temperatures, indicating that in the far-reaching Arctic, aerosols of biogenic origin throughout the snow- and ice-free season may serve as important INP sources. In addition, case studies revealed the links between elevated INP concentrations to heat-lability, fluorescence, high wind speeds originating from the ocean, augmented concentration of coarse-mode particles and abundant organics. Backward trajectory analysis demonstrated a potential connection between high-latitude dust sources and high INP concentrations, while prolonged air mass history over the ice pack was identified for most scant INP cases. The combination of the above analyses demonstrates the abundance, physicochemical properties and potential sources of INPs in the Arctic are highly variable despite its remote location.
Quantification of carbon monoxide emissions from African cities using TROPOMI
Authors: Leguijt Gijs , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C. , Segers Arjo J. , Borsdorff Tobias , Aben Ilse
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and is mostly emitted by forest fires and incomplete combustion in for example road transport, residential heating, and industry. As CO is co-emitted with fossil fuel CO2 combustion emissions, it can be used as a proxy for CO2. Following the Paris agreement, there is a need for independent verification of reported activity-based bottom-up CO2 emissions through atmospheric measurements. CO can be observed daily at global scale with the TROPOMI satellite instrument with daily global coverage at a resolution down to 5.5 × 7 km2. To take advantage of this unique TROPOMI dataset, we develop a cross-sectional flux-based emission quantification method that can be applied to quantify emissions from a large number of cities, without relying on computationally expensive inversions. We focus on Africa as a region with quickly growing cities and large uncertainties in current emission estimates. We use a full year of high-resolution WRF-simulations over three cities to evaluate and optimize the performance of our cross-sectional flux emission quantification method and show its reliability down to emission rates of 0.1 Tg CO yr−1. Comparison of the TROPOMI-based emission estimates to the DACCIWA and EDGAR bottom-up inventories shows CO emission rates in northern Africa are underestimated in EDGAR, suggesting overestimated combustion efficiencies. We see the opposite when comparing TROPOMI to the DACCIWA inventory in South Africa and Côte d'Ivoire, where CO emission factors appear to be overestimated. Over Lagos and Kano (Nigeria) we find that potential errors in the spatial disaggregation of national emissions cause errors in DACCIWA and EDGAR, respectively. Finally, we show that our computationally-efficient quantification method combined with the daily TROPOMI observations can identify a weekend effect in the road transport-dominated CO emissions from Cairo and Algiers.
How do Microtopography Act in the Pedogenic Characteristics of Mudstone-derived Soils in Hilly Mountainous Regions?
Authors: Luo Banglin , Li Jiangwen , Tang Jiahong , Wei Chaofu , Zhong Shouqin
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The topography is a critical factor that determines the characteristics of regional soil formation. Small-scale topographic changes are defined as microtopographies. As a characteristic topographic condition in hilly mountainous regions, the redistribution of water and soil materials caused by microtopography is the main factor affecting the spatial heterogeneity of soil and the utilization of land resources. In this study, the influence of microtopography on pedogenesis was investigated using soil samples formed from mudstones with lacustrine facies deposition in the middle of the Sichuan Basin and developed into hill landforms by erosion of flowing water. Soil profiles were sampled along the slopes at the summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope, and toeslope positions. The morphological, physiochemical, and geochemical attributes of profiles were analysed. The results showed that the soil thickness increased significantly with changes in the soil profile configuration from the summit to the toeslope, and the profile configuration changed from A-C to A-B-C. The migration direction of Ca and Na at the summit, backslope, and footslope changed from enrichment to leaching, whereas that of Al, Fe, and Mg changed from leaching to enrichment. At the summit and shoulder of the hillslope, weathered materials are transported away by gravity and surface erosion, and new rocks are often exposed; therefore, the characteristics of soil development is relatively weak. However, in flat areas such as the footslope and toeslope with sufficient water conditions, the long-term contact between water, soil, and sediment leads to further chemical weathering, resulting in highly developed characteristics. Microtopography can affect physicochemical properties, chemical weathering, and redistribution of water and materials, resulting in differences in pedogenic characteristics at different slope positions.
Mineralogical and elemental geochemical characteristics of Taodonggou Group in Taibei Sag , Turpan-Hami Basin: Implication for Source sink system and evolution history of lake basin
Authors: Miao Huan , Guo Jianying , Wang Yanbin , Jiang Zhenxue , Zhang Chengju , Li Chuanming
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Middle Permian is an important basin-forming period in the Turpan-Hami Basin. Based on mineral characteristics and elemental geochemistry of the Taodonggou Group mudstone we analyze the parent rock type, source area location, sedimentary environment and source area tectonic background for this mudstone. On this basis we are able to reconstruct the source-sink system and lake basin evolution of the Taodonggou Group. We find the following: (1) Taodonggou Group mudstone minerals are mainly clay and quartz, and can be classified into four petrographic types according to mineral fraction. (2) The Taodonggou Group mudstone was deposited in a warm, humid and hot paleoclimate, with strong weathering. The parent rocks of the Taodonggou Group mudstone are two types of felsic volcanic rocks and andesites, with weak sedimentary sorting and recycling and with well-preserved source information. (3) The Taodonggou Group mudstone were deposited in dyoxic freshwater-brackish water in intermediate-depth or deep lakes with stable inputs of terrigenous debris but at slower deposition rates. Deposition of the middle of Taodonggou Group was influenced by hydrothermal activity; the tectonic setting of the Taodonggou Group source area was a continental island arc and an oceanic island arc. (4) The evolution of the Middle Permian Lake basin in the Turpan-Hami Basin can be divided into three stages: In the early part of the deposition of Taodonggou Group the depocenter was in the Bogda area. At this time the area that became Mt Bogda was not exposed and a succession of high-quality type-III source rocks was widely deposited in the basin. In the middle of the deposition of the Taodonggou Group the depocenter gradually migrated to the Taibei Sag. At this time the Mt Bogda area underwent uplift, and, together with hydrothermal activity, a succession of type-II source rocks was widely deposited in the basin. In the late part of the Taodonggou Group, uplift of the Mt Bogda area ceased and the depocenter transferred entirely to the Taibei Sag.
The “Hydro-ABC model” (Vn 2.0): a simplified convective-scale model with moist dynamics
Authors: Zhu Jiangshan , Bannister Ross Noel
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The prediction of convection (in terms of position, timing, and strength) is important to achieve in high-resolution weather forecasting. This problem not only requires good convective-scale models, but also data assimilation systems to give initial conditions which neither improperly hinders nor hastens convection in the ensuing forecasts. Solving this problem is difficult and expensive using operational-scale numerical weather prediction systems, and so a simplified model of convective-scale flow is under development. This paper extends the “ABC model” of dry convective-scale flow to include mixing ratios of vapour and condensate phases of water. This revised model is called “Hydro-ABC”. Hydro ABC includes transport of the vapour and condensate mixing ratios within a dynamical core, and transitions between these two phases via a micro-physics scheme. A saturated mixing ratio is derived from model quantities, which helps determine whether evaporation or condensation happens. Latent heat is exchanged with the buoyancy variable (ABC's potential temperature-like variable) in such a way to conserve total energy, where total energy is the sum of dry energy and latent heat. The model equations are designed to conserve the domain-total mass, water, and energy. An example numerical model integration is performed and analysed, which shows the development of a realistic looking anvil cloud, and excitation of inertio-gravity and acoustic modes over a wide range of frequencies. This behaviour means that Hydro-ABC is a challenging model to allow experimentation with innovative data assimilation strategies in the next stage of work. Further, an ensemble of Hydro-ABC integrations is also performed in order to study the possible forecast error covariance statistics (necessary for data assimilation). These show patterns that are dependent on the presence of convective activity (at any model's vertical column), thus giving a taste of flow-dependent error statistics. Candidate indicators/harbingers of convection are also evaluated (namely relative humidity, hydrostatic imbalance, horizontal divergence, convective available potential energy, and convective inhibition), which appear to be reliable diagnostics concerning the presence of convection. These diagnostics will be useful in the selection of the relevant forecast error covariance statistics when data assimilation for Hydro-ABC is developed.