bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les scènes de halage sur les monuments funéraires romains : symbolisme ou réalité ?
Authors: Rolland Yves
Published: January 2023

Résumé : Les scènes de halage à l’époque romaine, à une exception près, sont exclusivement connues de reliefs provenant de monuments funéraires. Ces scènes de navigation complètent les données fournies par l’archéologie et l’épigraphie en montrant les navires et les bateliers au travail. Leur contexte funéraire pose la question de l’identité de la personne honorée, peut-il s’agir de l’un des bateliers ou haleurs représentés sur le relief ou s’agit-il d’évoquer une activité ? Par ailleurs, à une époque où les modèles iconographiques circulaient dans tout l’empire quelle crédibilité accorder à ces scènes de navigation, sont-elles le reflet de pratiques locales ou sont-elles complètement stéréotypées ? La confrontation de ces représentations aux données épigraphiques, littéraires, archéologiques ainsi qu’aux survivances techniques montre que ces scènes peuvent être considérées comme réalistes même si des aspects esthétiques et symboliques ont compté au moment de leur réalisation.
Consider new options for treating OUD in designing trials
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

Although there are already three approved medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) — methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone — “novel treatments” are needed, according to a review published this month in JAMA Psychiatry. Partly because of long‐standing barriers to treatment with methadone and buprenorphine, the review looked at possible treatments that go “beyond the endogenous mu‐opioid receptor [MOR] system. For the review, a public–private partnership including members of the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) group met to look at potential treatments for OUD, including cannabinoids, psychedelics, sedative‐hypnotics and vaccines. The consensus recommendations for clinical trial design included targeting the stage of treatment (e.g., seeking treatment, early abstinence, long‐term recovery), looking at the role of treatment, looking at primary outcomes informed by patient preferences, and considering adverse events, including the potential for relapse or overdose in the case of relapse. The study, “Clinical Trial Design Challenges and Opportunities for Emerging Treatments for Opioid Use Disorder,” is by Brian D. Kulik, Ph.D., and colleagues, and funded by the ACTTION public–private partnership with the FDA.
Effect of Al Bronze Interlayer on Liquid–Solid Compound Interface of Sn Bronze/Steel
Authors: Wang Shuo , Chen Chuanbao , Ju Jia , Zhou Jian , Xue Feng
Published: January 2023

To address the challenges of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracks and low bonding strength at the Sn bronze/steel liquid–solid compound interface, an innovative Sn bronze/Al bronze/steel laminated composite is fabricated using a wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process, which involved introducing an Al bronze interlayer. The microstructure of interlayer and its related interfaces, as well as the mechanical properties of the composites, are investigated. Results show that the microstructure of Al bronze is mainly composed of α‐Cu and β‐Cu3Al. An interdiffused layer with a maximum thickness of 5 μm exists at the Al bronze/steel interface, which plays an important role in interface adaptation. The Sn bronze/Al bronze interface possesses a 30 μm α(Cu–Al–Fe) transition layer, and the continuous transition of α + β → α(Cu–Al–Fe) → α(Cu–Sn) from the base material to the clad layer is realized. No LME cracks are found in the steel after the Al bronze and Sn bronze deposition. The Al bronze/steel and Sn bronze/Al bronze interfaces exhibit strong bonding strengths of 395 and 361 MPa, respectively.
Enhancing the Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Via Facile PDMS Surface Modification
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Xiutong , Wang Youqiang , Nan Youbo , Xu Hui , Zhou Hui , Ren Meipeng , Duan Jizhou , Huang Yanliang , Hou Baorong
Published: January 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have received extensive attention in various research fields as new energy harvesting and conversion devices. However, physical modification of the surface of the friction material to increase the effective contact area is hindered by issues such as the small preparation area, complicated process, and high price. Herein, a facile method is proposed for replicating the surface morphology of a salt spray template for constructing a micro–nano structure on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is then fabricated into a vertical contact separation TENG and utilized for the cathodic protection of metals. The TENG exhibits good output performance, with a short‐circuit current of 26 μA, output voltage of 600 V, and surface charge density of 125 μC m−2. The TENG exhibits good power supply capability, with good application prospects for powering commercial electronic equipment. The TENG is successfully applied for cathodic protection. Based on electrochemical measurement, compared with bare 304 stainless steel (304SS), the open‐circuit potential drop of 304SS coupled with the TENG is approximately 190 mV, indicating a significant corrosion protection effect. It is proved in the results that the TENG has great application potential in self‐powered corrosion protection.
Fabrication of Meter‐Long Class Fe(Se,Te)‐Coated Conductors with High Superconducting Performance
Authors: Liu Linfei , Ye Jiachao , Mou Shaojing , Zhu Rongji , Miao Chaohang , Li Yijie , Shi Zhixiang , Qi Yanpeng , Ge Junyi , Liu Huajun , Liu Fang , Zhang Zhan
Published: January 2023

Previous research results have demonstrated that Fe(Se,Te) films with high critical current density Jc can be realized on flexible metal substrates and are promising for high field applications at 4.2 K. For practical applications, the length of the coated conductor is a key factor. Regarding the fabrication of long Fe(Se,Te)‐coated conductor tapes, the biggest difficulty is how to achieve a breakthrough from static coating to continuous dynamic coating process. Herein, it is demonstrated that Fe(Se,Te)‐coated conductor with high superconducting performance can be continuously fabricated. 1 m‐long Fe(Se,Te)‐coated conductors have been successfully fabricated by multiturn pulsed laser deposition on CeO2‐buffered ion beam‐assisted deposition MgO tape. The Fe(Se,Te)‐coated conductors have high critical temperature of 17.5 K and Jc over 2 MA cm−2 at 4.2 K and self‐field. The end‐to‐end critical current of 1 m‐long Fe(Se,Te)‐coated conductor is as high as 108 A cm−1‐width at 4.2 K and self‐field, and the corresponding Jc is 1.54 MA cm−2, which is above the threshold for industrial applications. The upper critical field at 0 K is deduced to be about 53 T. To the best of knowledge, this is the first demonstration of continuous fabrication of long Fe(Se,Te)‐coated conductors with high performance.
Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of Layer‐Structured Ban−3Bi4TinO3n+3 (n = 4–7) Ferroelectrics
Authors: Ren Jia-Jia , Zhou Di , Li Da , Guo Yan , Zhao Wei-Chen , Zhou Tao , Pang Li-Xia
Published: January 2023

Bismuth‐layered ferroelectric materials with Aurivillius structure are the potential materials for high‐temperature ferroelectric materials because of their high Curie temperature and excellent ferroelectric fatigue resistance. Herein, the Aurivillius phase relaxation ferroelectrics as Ban−3Bi4TinO3n+3 (n = 4–7) ceramics are studied. The layered structures are controlled by adjusting the number of BO6 octahedrons and (Bi2O2)2+ layers. The dielectric temperature stability and voltage resistance of bismuth barium titanate ceramics are improved. The influence of composition and microstructure on their electrical properties is explored. The relationship between dielectric properties and storage properties of bismuth barium titanate ceramics and the number of layers is obtained. Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 ceramics show the best performance with an energy storage density of up to 1.16 J cm−3 and a high efficiency of ≈87.2% (under 250 kV cm−1). This work provides key materials and technologies for the next generation of energy storage capacitors that can be applied in high‐temperature environments as well as a new reference for the development of dielectric materials and the functional optimization of other Aurivillius phase ceramic materials.
Recent Advances in Mechanically Transferable III‐Nitride Based on 2D Buffer Strategy
Authors: Song Wurui , Chen Qi , Yang Kailai , Liang Meng , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2023

Group III‐nitrides have attracted significant attention in recent years for their wide tunable band‐gaps and excellent optoelectronic capabilities, which are advantageous for several applications including light‐emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and large‐size low‐cost power electronic devices. However, conventional epitaxy accompanied by the covalent bond formation renders the transfer of nitride epilayers difficult, thereby limiting the application potential of nitrides in wearable and flexible electronics. Furthermore, interfacial covalent bonds also limit substrate selection and hinder the development of heterogeneous integration between nitrides and other material systems. 2D materials can mitigate these problems significantly. On the one hand, due to the weak van der Waals forces between the layers of 2D materials, influences of lattice mismatch can be avoided to improve crystal quality. On the other hand, delamination and transfer of nitride epilayers can be achieved easily. Therefore, this study focuses on providing comprehensive guidelines regarding the exfoliation of epitaxial layers using 2D materials to provide new design freedoms for nitride devices. Different 2D buffers and release layers have also been discussed. Furthermore, the limitations, promising solutions, future directions, and applicability of this strategy to flexible nitride devices are presented.
Single‐Atom Bi Alloyed Pd Metallene for Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Chen Kai , Ma Ziyu , Li Xingchuan , Kang Jilong , Ma Dongwei , Chu Ke
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) holds a great promise for attaining both NH3electrosynthesis and wastewater purification. Herein, single‐atom Bi alloyed Pd metallene (Bi1Pd) is reported as a highly effective NO3RR catalyst, showing a near 100% NH3‐Faradaic efficiency with the corresponding NH3yield of 33.8 mg h−1 cm−2at −0.6 V versus RHE, surpassing those of almost all ever reported NO3RR catalysts. In‐depth theoretical and operando spectroscopic investigations unveil that single‐atom Bi electronically couples with its neighboring Pd atoms to synergistically activate NO3−and destabilize *NO on Bi1Pd, leading to the reduced energy barrier of the potential‐determining step (*NO→*NOH) and enhanced protonation energetics of NO3−‐to‐NH3pathway.
Unlocking the Capacity of Vanadium Oxide by Atomically Thin Graphene‐Analogous V2O5·nH2O in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Danyang , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Wenming , Zhang Yijing , Lei Yu , Huang Xintang , Zhu Qiancheng , Liu Jinping
Published: January 2023

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety, and the natural abundance of Zn. Since low voltage is an intrinsic shortage of AZIBs, achieving super‐high capacity of cathode materials is a vital way to realize high practical energy density, which however remains a huge challenge. Herein, the capacity increase of classical vanadium oxide cathode is predicted via designing atomic thickness of 2D structure to introduce abundant Zn2+ storage sites based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation; then graphene‐analogous V2O5·nH2O (GAVOH) with only few atomic layers is fabricated, realizing a record capacity of 714 mAh g−1. Pseudocapacitive effect is unveiled to mainly contribute to the super‐high capacity due to the highly exposed GAVOH external surface. In situ Raman and synchrotron X‐ray techniques unambiguously uncover the Zn2+ storage mechanism. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further introduced to design GAVOH‐CNTs gel ink for large‐scale cathode fabrication. The hybrid cathode demonstrates ultra‐stable cycling and excellent rate capability and delivers a high energy density of 476 Wh kg−1 at 76 W kg−1; 228 Wh kg−1 is still retained at high mass loading of 10.2 mg cm−2. This work provides inspiration for breaking the capacity limit of cathode in AZIBs.
Versatile Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Laden in an Injectable and Bioactive Hydrogel for Accelerated Bone Regeneration
Authors: Deng Jiajia , Wang Xin , Zhang Weihua , Sun Liangyan , Han Xinxin , Tong Xianqin , Yu Liming , Ding Jiandong , Yu Lin , Liu Yuehua
Published: January 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an appealing alternative to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Unlike bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) cultured in vitro with normoxia, bone marrow in vivo is exposed to a hypoxic environment. To date, it remains unclear whether hypoxia preconditioning can improve the function of BMSC‐derived EVs and be more conducive to bone repair. Herein, it is found that hypoxia preconditioned BMSCs secrete more biglycan (Bgn)‐rich EVs via proteomics analysis, and these hypoxic EVs (Hypo‐EVs) significantly promote osteoblast proliferation, migration, differentiation, and mineralization by activating the phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Subsequently, an injectable bioactive hydrogel composed of poly(ethylene glycol)/polypeptide copolymers is developed to improve the stability and retention of Hypo‐EVs in vivo. The Hypo‐EVs‐laden hydrogel shows continuous liberation of Hypo‐EVs for 3 weeks and substantially accelerates bone regeneration in 5‐mm rat cranial defects. Finally, it is confirmed that Bgn in EVs is a pivotal protein regulating osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and exerts its effects through paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, this study shows that hypoxia stimulation is an effective approach to optimize the therapeutic effects of BMSC‐derived EVs and that injectable hydrogel‐based EVs delivery is a promising strategy for tissue regeneration.
Facile Li+ Transport in Interpenetrating O‐ and F‐Containing Polymer Networks for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Hanh T. T. , Nguyen Dang H. , Zhang Qin‐Cheng , Nguyen Van‐Can , Lee Yuh‐Lang , Jan Jeng‐Shiung , Teng Hsisheng
Published: January 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) provide an intimate contact with electrodes and accommodate volume changes in the Li‐anode, making them ideal for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs); however, confined chain swing, poor ion‐complex dissociation, and barricaded Li+‐transport pathways limit the ionic conductivity of SPEs. This study develops an interpenetrating polymer network electrolyte (IPNE) comprising poly(ethylene oxide)‐ and poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based networked SPEs (O‐NSPE and F‐NSPE, respectively) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) to address these challenges. The CF2/CF3 segments of the F‐NSPE segregate FSI− to form connected Li+‐diffusion domains, and COC segments of the O‐NSPE dissociate the complexed ions to expedite Li+ transport. The synergy between O‐NSPE and F‐NSPE gives IPNE high ionic conductivity (≈1 mS cm−1) and a high Li‐transference number (≈0.7) at 30 °C. FSI− aggregation prevents the formation of a space‐charge zone on the Li‐anode surface to enable uniform Li deposition. In Li||Li cells, the proposed IPNE exhibits an exchange current density exceeding that of liquid electrolytes (LEs). A Li|IPNE|LiFePO4 ASSB achieves charge–discharge performance superior to that of LE‐based batteries and delivers a high rate of 7 mA cm−2. Exploiting the synergy between polymer networks to construct speedy Li+‐transport pathways is a promising approach to the further development of SPEs.
A Magnetic Cloud Bomb for Effective Biofilm Eradication
Authors: Qian Yuping , Zhang Ludan , Li Ningyu , Dong Fan , Yang Zeyuan , Dong Huihua , Wang Yuguang , Wang Min
Published: January 2023

Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) is an inflammatory condition caused by bacteria, and the eradication of biofilms is an important problem when treating such infections. Because of the low dispersibility and biofilm permeability of magnetic antibacterial materials, biofilm removal is difficult and infection persists. To solve these problems, inspired by conventional cloud bombs, a magnetic “nano‐cloud bomb” by adjusting the synthesis ratio to alter the shape of an assembled zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), namely ZIF‐L‐Fe, is synthesized simply and rapidly. ZIF‐L‐Fe has a flower‐like clustered structure with sharp edges, which prevents the stacking of 2D ZIF nanoleaves, thereby enhancing the dispersion of Fe nanoparticles and increasing biofilm penetration under the action of magnetism. Additionally, ZIF‐L‐Fe retains the photothermal and catalytic properties of nanoparticles, which can kill methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at low temperature and efficiently catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Because of its magnetic effect, ZIF‐L‐Fe can rapidly penetrate biofilm, thus forming craters and destroying the local biofilm structure. Accordingly, the proposed strategy of clustered ZIF‐loaded delivery of Fe provides a novel concept that requires further development for clinical application to the treatment of biofilm infections.
Ultralow Background Near‐Infrared Fluorophores with Dual‐Channel Intraoperative Imaging Capability
Authors: Bao Kai , Tully Molly , Cardenas Kevin , Wang Haoran , Srinivas Surbhi , Rho Jiyun , Jeon Ok Hwa , Dinh Jason , Yokomizo Shinya , McDonnell Rose , Yamashita Atsushi , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Kang Homan , Kim Hyun Koo , Choi Hak Soo
Published: January 2023

Two of the most pressing challenges facing bioimaging are nonspecific uptake of intravenously administered contrast agents and incomplete elimination of unbound targeted agents from the body. Designing a targeted contrast agent that shows fast clearance from background tissues and eventually the body after complete targeting is key to the success of image‐guided interventions. Here, this work describes the development of renally clearable near‐infrared contrast agents and their potential use for dual‐channel image‐guided tumor targeting. cRGD‐ZW800‐PEG (800 nm channel) and ZW700‐PEG (700 nm channel) are able to visualize tumor margins and tumor vasculature simultaneously and respectively. These targeted agents show rapid elimination from the bloodstream, followed by renal clearance, which together significantly lower off‐target background signals and potential toxicity. To demonstrate its applicability, this multispectral imaging is performed in various tumor‐bearing animal models including lung cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, breast, and ovarian cancer.
Widely Tunable Berry Curvature in the Magnetic Semimetal Cr1+δTe2
Authors: Fujisawa Yuita , Pardo‐Almanza Markel , Hsu Chia‐Hsiu , Mohamed Atwa , Yamagami Kohei , Krishnadas Anjana , Chang Guoqing , Chuang Feng‐Chuan , Khoo Khoong Hong , Zang Jiadong , Soumyanarayanan Anjan , Okada Yoshinori
Published: January 2023

Magnetic semimetals have increasingly emerged as lucrative platforms hosting spin‐based topological phenomena in real and momentum spaces. Cr1+δTe2 is a self‐intercalated magnetic transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), which exhibits topological magnetism and tunable electron filling. While recent studies have explored real‐space Berry curvature effects, similar considerations of momentum‐space Berry curvature are lacking. Here, the electronic structure and transport properties of epitaxial Cr1+δTe2 thin films are systematically investigated over a range of doping, δ (0.33 – 0.71). Spectroscopic experiments reveal the presence of a characteristic semi‐metallic band region, which shows a rigid like energy shift with δ. Transport experiments show that the intrinsic component of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is sizable and undergoes a sign flip across δ. Finally, density functional theory calculations establish a link between the doping evolution of the band structure and AHE: the AHE sign flip is shown to emerge from the sign change of the Berry curvature, as the semi‐metallic band region crosses the Fermi energy. These findings underscore the increasing relevance of momentum‐space Berry curvature in magnetic TMDs and provide a unique platform for intertwining topological physics in real and momentum spaces.
Direct Visualization of Homogeneous Chemical Distribution in Functional Polyradical Microspheres
Authors: Kammerer Jochen A. , Feist Florian , Ryklin Daniel , Sarkar Abhishek , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Schröder Rasmus R.
Published: January 2023

It is demonstrated that the postfunctionalization of solid polymeric microspheres can generate fully and throughout functionalized materials, contrary to the expectation that core–shell structures are generated. The full functionalization is illustrated on the example of photochemically generated microspheres, which are subsequently transformed into polyradical systems. Given the all‐organic nature of the functionalized microspheres, characterization methods with high analytical sensitivity and spatial resolution are pioneered by directly visualizing the inner chemical distribution of the postfunctionalized microspheres based on characteristic electron energy loss signals in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specifically, ultrasonic ultramicrotomy is combined successfully with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) during TEM. These findings open a key avenue for analyzing all‐organic low‐contrast soft‐matter material structures, while the specifically investigated system concomitantly holds promise as an all‐radical solid‐state functional material.
Rationally Designed CeO2 Nanosheets over Co9S8 Nanoparticles form S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yang Mengxue , Li Youji , Jin Zhiliang
Published: January 2023

Enriching the active sites of catalysts and artificially regulating the directional migration of photogenerated carriers are effective means to improve the catalytic activity of photocatalysts. In this work, CeO2 nanosheets are prepared by calcination at high temperatures, and the S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst CeO2@Co9S8 is prepared by coupling the Co9S8 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method on CeO2 nanosheets. The large specific surface area of CeO2 nanosheets provides sufficient loading sites for Co9S8 and Co9S8 nanoparticles can effectively disperse with the help of CeO2 nanosheet structure, which effectively inhibits the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The high photosensitivity of Co9S8 increases the utilization of CeO2@Co9S8 S‐scheme heterojunction to visible light. The construction of S‐scheme heterojunction improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, prolongs the service life of photogenerated charges, retains the photogenerated electrons and holes with strong reduction and oxidation ability in the catalyst system, and improves the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production. The hydrogen yield of 15 wt% Co9S8 supported CeO2@Co9S8 can reach 15.7 times CeO2 and 2.5 times Co9S8, and the composite catalyst has good stability. This work provides a new way for adjusting the surface structure and carrier behavior of photocatalysts.
The Impact of the Cellular Environment and Aging on Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in 3D Cell Culture Models
Authors: Hebisch Matthias , Klostermeier Stefanie , Wolf Katharina , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Wolf Stephan E. , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Kim Doo Yeon
Published: January 2023

Creating a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that accurately recapitulates disease pathology has been a longstanding challenge. Recent studies showed that human AD neural cells, integrated into three‐dimensional (3D) hydrogel matrix, display key features of AD neuropathology. Like in the human brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in determining the rate of neuropathogenesis in hydrogel‐based 3D cellular models. Aging, the greatest risk factor for AD, significantly alters brain ECM properties. Therefore, it is important to understand how age‐associated changes in ECM affect accumulation of pathogenic molecules, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in AD patients and in vitro models. In this review, mechanistic hypotheses is presented to address the impact of the ECM properties and their changes with aging on AD and AD‐related dementias. Altered ECM characteristics in aged brains, including matrix stiffness, pore size, and composition, will contribute to disease pathogenesis by modulating the accumulation, propagation, and spreading of pathogenic molecules of AD. Emerging hydrogel‐based disease models with differing ECM properties provide an exciting opportunity to study the impact of brain ECM aging on AD pathogenesis, providing novel mechanistic insights. Understanding the role of ECM aging in AD pathogenesis should also improve modeling AD in 3D hydrogel systems.
Metastable Cubic Structure Exceeds Capacity Limit of Antifluorite Li5FeO4 Cathode Using Small Polarized Oxygen Redox
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroaki , Nakamura Yuki , Nakayama Masanobu , Kodaki Sota , Matsuo Rantaro , Honma Itaru
Published: January 2023

Cost‐effective Fe‐based cathode materials have attracted significant attention. Recently, antifluorite‐type Li5FeO4 has been investigated as a high‐capacity cathode material owing to its high lithium content and solid‐state oxygen redox reactions. However, its reversible capacity is restricted to transition‐metal redox reactions because of its irreversible structural transformation and oxygen evolution. This study demonstrates the reversible oxygen redox reaction in metastable cubic antifluorite Li5FeO4 obtained by mechanochemical treatment. It exhibits a reversible capacity of more than 300 mAh g‐1, corresponding to an approximately 1.7‐electron reaction, without oxygen gas evolution. Combined analyses of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and theoretical calculations reveal that both Fe3+/Fe4+ and O2‐/O22‐ redox reactions proceed under semi‐coherent structural transformations between antifluorite and rocksalt, which differs from the known orthorhombic Li5FeO4 phase. Although the cyclability of oxygen redox is poor, its solid solution with Co2+ enhances cyclability by suppressing oxygen evolution. Tuning the structural symmetry and transition‐metal content can overcome the reversible capacity limit of antifluorite cathode materials, which is useful for the development of high‐energy cathode materials by the effective utilization of solid‐state oxygen redox reactions.
Construction of Hierarchical Surface on Carbon Fiber Paper for Lithium Metal Batteries with Superior Stability
Authors: Lee Youn‐Ki , Cho Ki‐Yeop , Lee Sora , Choi Jiho , Lee Gwanwon , Joh Han‐Ik , Eom KwangSup , Lee Sungho
Published: January 2023

Lithium is perceived as an ideal anode for next generation batteries with high‐energy density. However, the critical issue of the intractable growth of Li dendrites, which leads to a poor cycling life, still remains. Herein, a hierarchical surface is designed and constructed on carbon fiber (CF) using binders in fabricated CF paper (CFP). The lightweight CF with high mechanical properties is facilitated to establish a 3D network structure as an alternative to Cu foil. The binders are transformed into oxygen‐containing amorphous carbon and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) using a low‐temperature carbonization process, leading to uniform Li nucleation and a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with inorganic components. In the electrochemical test, the CFP with amorphous carbon and Na2CO3 (ANCFP) shows a low Li nucleation overpotential and smooth dendrite‐free Li plating. Furthermore, the ANCFP electrode exhibits good cycling stability in half and symmetrical cells. A full‐cell assembled using a LiFePO4 cathode with high loading (≈13 mg cm−2) achieves a high‐energy density of 428 Wh kg−1 (at 0.1 C) and an excellent capacity retention of 85% at 1 C after 300 cycles. This strategy is expected to help realize highly stable Li metal anodes for practical application by suppressing Li dendrite growth.
Simia langobardorum: Were African apes traded in late medieval Lombardy?
Authors: Urbani Bernardo , Youlatos Dionisios
Published: January 2023

Depictions of and references to apes (tailless hominoids) are very limited in early historical written accounts. The first known published representations of ape‐like primates appear in Medieval European books during the first century following the invention of printing. Considering the current knowledge of ape iconography, this article examines an unusual image of a couple of ape‐like creatures rendered in a European manuscript and explores the possible links of this challenging illustration with historical accounts and contexts during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance. The studied manuscript is known as “BL Sloane MS 4016” and is a medieval herbal manuscript (Tratactus de Herbis) of Lombardian origin datedc. 1440. The illustration in question, which also appears in similar manuscripts, represents two primates. However, these representations differ significantly from those in the other manuscripts. The individuals have physical features that suggest attribution to chimpanzees. The location and the date of the manuscript in relation to the extended merchant and travel network between Europe and Africa during the late Medieval times and earlier Renaissance most likely indicate that free‐living or traded chimpanzees or their images may have been the visual source for the illustration. The examination of early depictions and descriptions of apes helps us to understand how we, humans, have represented our own closest zoological relatives. In doing so, this study also provides a review of early ape iconography and historical accounts about African primates during the so‐called Age of Discoveries.
The Benefit of a Complete over a Successful Reperfusion Decreases with Time
Authors: Maïer Benjamin , Finitsis Stephanos , Mazighi Mikael , Lapergue Bertrand , Marnat Gaultier , Sibon Igor , Richard Sebastien , Viguier Alain , Cognard Christophe , Gory Benjamin , Olivot Jean‐Marc ,   the ETIS Registry Investigators
Published: January 2023

Objective

Time from stroke onset to reperfusion (TSOR) is strongly associated with outcomes after endovascular treatment. A near‐to‐complete or complete reperfusion (modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia [mTICI] 2c–3) is associated with improved outcomes compared with a successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b). However, it is unknown whether this association remains stable as TSOR increases. Therefore, we sought to investigate the association between TSOR and outcomes according to the reperfusion status.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke registry, a prospective, observational, multicentric study of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular treatment in 21 centers in France. We included patients with anterior occlusions (M1, internal carotid artery, tandem), with a known time of symptom onset. Outcomes were early neurological improvement at 24 hours and favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale between 0 and 2) at 90 days.

Results

Overall, 4,444 patients were analyzed. Compared with a mTICI 2b, a mTICI 2c‐3 at 1 hour was associated with higher mean marginal probabilities of early neurological improvement (25.6%, 95% CI 11.7–39.5, p = 0.0003) and favorable outcome (15.2%, 95% CI 3.0–27.4, p = 0.0143), and progressively declined with TSOR. The benefit of a mTICI 2c‐3 over a mTICI 2b was no longer significant regarding the rates of early neurological improvement and favorable outcome after a TSOR of 414 and 344 minutes, respectively.

Interpretation

The prognostic value of a complete over a successful reperfusion progressively declined with time, and no difference regarding the rates of favorable outcome was observed between a complete and successful reperfusion beyond 5.7 hours. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:934–941
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Controlled Radical Branching Polymerization in Water
Authors: Kapil Kriti , Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Martinez Michael R. , Murata Hironobu , Jazani Arman Moini , Jeong Jaepil , Das Subha R. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Hyperbranched polymethacrylates were synthesized by green‐light‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under biologically relevant conditions in the open air. Sodium 2‐bromoacrylate (SBA) was prepared in situ from commercially available 2‐bromoacrylic acid and used as a water‐soluble inibramer to induce branching during the copolymerization of methacrylate monomers. As a result, well‐defined branched polymethacrylates were obtained in less than 30 min with predetermined molecular weights (36 000<Mn<170 000), tunable degree of branching, and low dispersity values (1.14≤Đ≤1.33). Moreover, the use of SBA inibramer enabled the synthesis of bioconjugates with a well‐controlled branched architecture.
Biotechnological Frontiers of DNA Nanomaterials Continue to Expand: Bacterial Infection using Virus‐Inspired Capsids
Authors: Bastings Maartje M. C.
Published: January 2023

The elegant geometry of viruses has inspired bio‐engineers to synthetically explore the self‐assembly of polyhedral capsids employed to protect new cargo or change an enzymatic microenvironment. Recently, Yang and co‐workers used DNA nanotechnology to revisit the icosahedral capsid structure of the phiX174 bacteriophage and reloaded the original viral genome as cargo into their fully synthetic architecture. Surprisingly, when using a favorable combination of structural rigidity and dynamic multivalent cargo entrapment, the synthetic particles were able to infect non‐competent bacterial cells and produce the original phiX174 bacteriophage. This work presents an exciting new direction of DNA nanotech for bio‐engineering applications which involve bacterial interactions.
Wearable Electrodes for Lactate: Applications in Enzyme‐Based Sensors and Energy Biodevices
Authors: Rasitanon Natcha , Ittisoponpisan Sirawit , Kaewpradub Kanyawee , Jeerapan Itthipon
Published: January 2023

Wearable bioelectronics is a promising next‐generation technology for its versatility in personalized applications. Measuring lactate is one of the growing trends in wearable biosensing research. To achieve this goal, enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions involving lactate must be coupled with bioelectrode components, creating a variety of biodevices such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and other devices harvesting energy from wearers. This review provides a brief history of noninvasive and minimally invasive enzyme‐based lactate biosensors and energy biodevices. We introduce key principles of lactate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, together with immobilization strategies for efficient electrical contacts between redox enzymes and electrode supports. Additionally, we discuss recent examples of advanced wearable enzymatic lactate sensors and elaborate on a collection of self‐powered wearable energy biodevices (e. g., biofuel cells, triboelectric nanogenerators, and piezoelectric devices). Lastly, we finish this review with discussions on challenges in developing lactate bioelectronics and provide our outlook on the prospects and future directions of this compelling technology.
Magnetic Cu/Co nanoparticles supported on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon derived from Cu/Co@aZIF: Investigation of catalytic activity and structural properties
Authors: Buğday Nesrin , Yaşar Sedat , Altin Serdar , Duygulu Ozgur , Önal Yunus
Published: January 2023

By calcining copper‐doped amorphous zeolitic imidazolate framework (Cu/Co@aZIF), a novel magnetic nanoporous carbon composite (Cu/Co@NPC) material was produced, characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, and used for the first time as an efficient catalyst for the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction and the reduction reaction of nitrophenol (RRN) under air in water. With this catalyst, the AAC and RRN reactions were conducted in aqueous solutions, and good to excellent yields of related products were synthesized in a short reaction time. The potential of the magnetic Cu/Co@NPC nanocatalyst for targeting RRN and AAC reactions was uncovered by studying specific substrates for RRN and AAC reactions. The Cu/Co@NPC magnetic nanocatalyst is recyclable at least five times, with just a drop of 6% and 22% in catalytic efficiency in RRN and AAC, respectively.
Preparation of γ‐linolenic acid rich triacylglycerol from borage oil via a two‐step lipase‐catalyzed reaction
Authors: Yoon Hui Su , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Byung Hee , Kim Yangha , Kim In‐Hwan
Published: January 2023

γ‐Linolenic acid (GLA) rich triacylglycerol (TAG) was successfully synthesized from glyceride, instead of glycerol, and fatty acid (FA) via Lipozyme TL IM‐catalyzed esterification as a novel strategy. In the first step, GLA was enriched into glyceride fraction from borage oil by Candida rugosa lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis. The glyceride was separated from the reaction mixture by molecular distillation. GLA was enriched from 20.64% in borage oil to 45.94% in the glyceride fraction under optimum conditions. In the second step, the Lipozyme TL IM‐catalyzed synthesis of TAG was carried out with the glyceride, and the FA obtained by saponification of a portion of the glyceride. The optimum conditions were the temperature of 50°C, the enzyme loading of 10%, and the vacuum level of 20 mmHg, respectively. The maximum TAG content of approximately 92% was achieved after 12 h under the optimum conditions.
Amino acids grafted‐chitosan/glycerophosphate hydrogel for controlled release of berberine hydrochloride
Authors: Ren Li Jun , Zhou Hui Yun , Hao Pei Yan , Zheng Hui Jie , Tong Jia Nan , Chen Ya Wei , Park Hyun Jin
Published: January 2023

In this paper, l‐lysine (Lys), l‐glutamate (Glu), and l‐glutamine (Gln) grafted‐chitosan (CS) polymers (AA‐g‐CS) are prepared by the one‐pot method using EDC/NHS as coupling agents. The introduction of AA into the backbone structure of CS improves its solubility in the pH range of 6.0–7.0. Moreover, AA‐g‐CS/glycerophosphate hydrogel (AA‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel) prepared by physical cross‐linking has better thermosensitivity and can achieve the sol–gel transition in very short order. AA‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel has a dense three‐dimensional network structure, conducing to the loading of the hydrophobic drugs, and its pore size and pore wall are affected by Lys, Glu, and Gln. Berberine hydrochloride (BBH) is encapsulated within the three‐dimensional mesh of the hydrogel. And the addition of BBH has no significant effect on the structure of AA‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel. The optimal parameters for AA‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel loaded BBH (BBH@AA‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel) are the concentration of AA‐g‐CS is 4.5% and the volume ratio of AA‐g‐CS/GP is 1.4/0.6. It is shown that BBH@Lys‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel, BBH@Glu‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel, and BBH@Gln‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel have better‐sustained release effect. Moreover, the sustained release of BBH@Lys‐g‐CS/GP hydrogel is the best, and the cumulative release rate is about 56% in 24 h. Therefore, AA‐g‐CS/GP thermosensitive hydrogel is expected to be an excellent vehicle for sustained release of drugs.
Recent Advances of Core‐Shell Cu‐Based Catalysts for the Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products
Authors: Li Lamei , Su Jiaqi , Lu Jianmei , Shao Qi
Published: January 2023

Copper is a key metal for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction, which can reduce CO2 to value‐added products. The core‐shell structure can effectively promote the C−C coupling process due to its strong synergistic effect originated from its unique electronic structure and interface environment. Therefore, the combination of copper and core‐shell structure to design an efficient Cu‐based core‐shell structure catalyst is of great significance for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR). In this review, we first briefly summarize the basic principle of CO2RR. In addition, we outline the advantages of core‐shell structure for catalysis. Then, we review the recent research progresses of Cu‐based core‐shell structures for the selective reduction of multi‐carbon (C2+) products. In the end, the challenges of using core‐shell catalyst for CO2RR are described, and the future development of this field is prospected.
Discrete‐time indefinite mean field linear quadratic games with multiplicative noise
Authors: Ma Xiao , Wang Bing‐Chang , Zhang Huanshui
Published: January 2023

This paper considers discrete‐time mean field linear quadratic games with multiplicative noises, where the weighting matrices in the cost functions are allowed to be indefinite. First, by expanding the dimension of the systems, we present the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of Nash equilibrium. Second, by solving the limiting optimal control problem, we design a set of decentralized control strategies, which is shown to be an
‐Nash equilibrium. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.
Predictors of sleep quality for autistic people across adulthood
Authors: Charlton Rebecca A. , McQuaid Goldie A. , Bishop Lauren , Lee Nancy Raitano , Wallace Gregory L.
Published: January 2023

Poor sleep can have a significant impact on physical health and well‐being. Sleep problems are common among autistic children, but less is known about sleep across the autistic adult lifespan. Autistic adults (n = 730, aged 18–78 years) were recruited via Simons Powering Autism Research for Knowledge Research Match. Participants completed online surveys asking about demographics, health problems, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and overall and specific aspects of sleep quality. Regression analyses explored the variables associated with sleep quality. Physical health, assigned female sex at birth and self‐reported anxiety symptoms significantly contributed to models for all aspects of sleep. Perceived stress contributed to models of overall and subjective sleep quality, and daytime dysfunction. Depression symptoms did not contribute significantly to any of the models of sleep quality. However, utilizing government support mechanisms (such as social security) contributed to the model of sleep efficiency. Age contributed little to models of sleep quality, whereas perceived stress and psychotropic medication use contributed to some but not all aspects of sleep. Sleep quality is poor for autistic people across the adult lifespan. Given known impacts of poor sleep on health, cognition and quality of life, attention should be paid to sleep and its possible everyday effects for autistic people of all ages.
An approximate Bayesian approach for estimation of the instantaneous reproduction number under misreported epidemic data
Authors: Gressani Oswaldo , Faes Christel , Hens Niel
Published: January 2023

In epidemic models, the effective reproduction number is of central importance to assess the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease and to orient health intervention strategies. Publicly shared data during an outbreak often suffers from two sources of misreporting (underreporting and delay in reporting) that should not be overlooked when estimating epidemiological parameters. The main statistical challenge in models that intrinsically account for a misreporting process lies in the joint estimation of the time‐varying reproduction number and the delay/underreporting parameters. Existing Bayesian approaches typically rely on Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms that are extremely costly from a computational perspective. We propose a much faster alternative based on Laplacian‐P‐splines (LPS) that combines Bayesian penalized B‐splines for flexible and smooth estimation of the instantaneous reproduction number and Laplace approximations to selected posterior distributions for fast computation. Assuming a known generation interval distribution, the incidence at a given calendar time is governed by the epidemic renewal equation and the delay structure is specified through a composite link framework. Laplace approximations to the conditional posterior of the spline vector are obtained from analytical versions of the gradient and Hessian of the log‐likelihood, implying a drastic speed‐up in the computation of posterior estimates. Furthermore, the proposed LPS approach can be used to obtain point estimates and approximate credible intervals for the delay and reporting probabilities. Simulation of epidemics with different combinations for the underreporting rate and delay structure (one‐day, two‐day, and weekend delays) show that the proposed LPS methodology delivers fast and accurate estimates outperforming existing methods that do not take into account underreporting and delay patterns. Finally, LPS is illustrated in two real case studies of epidemic outbreaks.
Effect of (Ce, Dy) co‐doping on the microstructural, optical, and photoluminescence characteristics of solution combustion synthesized ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Nikita , Sahay Pradosh Prakash
Published: January 2023

Solution combustion synthesized ZnO nanoparticles that were Ce doped, Dy doped or co‐doped at varying dopant concentrations were characterized for their microstructural, optical, and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics. The synthesized nanoparticles matched the standard hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. The lattice fringes in the high‐resolution transmission electron micrographs and the bright spotty rings in the selected area electron diffraction patterns authenticated the high crystallinity of the nanoparticles. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy resolved the energy bandgap for the undoped ZnO as 3.18 eV, which decreased upon doping and co‐doping. A sharp narrow ultraviolet emission peak at ~398 nm that originated from excitonic recombination was found in the PL spectra of the nanoparticles. The visible emission peaks in the PL spectra were assigned to the f–d and f–f electron transitions of Ce3+ and Dy3+ ions, respectively, in addition to different native defects in ZnO. The visible emissions (blue, yellow, and red) improved upon (Ce, Dy) co‐doping, therefore (Ce, Dy) co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles can be considered a promising luminescent material for the development of energy‐saving light sources.
Toward inclusive green growth for sustainable development: A new perspective of labor market distortion
Authors: Li Yutao , Zhang Jinning , Lyu Yanwei
Published: January 2023

Labor market distortion is ceaselessly endangering the balance among economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental quality sought by inclusive green growth and sustainable development. This study develops an innovative evaluation system to measure China's inclusive green growth by using provincial panel data from 2004 to 2020. Three dimensions are covered, including economic development, social equity and welfare, and green sustainability. Static and dynamic panel econometric models are employed to investigate the effect of labor market distortion on inclusive green growth and the potential transmission channels. The spatial econometric model is further applied to study the spatial spillover effect of labor market distortion on inclusive green growth. The results indicate that labor market distortion negatively affects inclusive green growth. Technological innovation, industrial structure optimization, and export trade upgrading are transmission channels of the impact of labor market distortion on inclusive green growth. In addition to hindering local inclusive green growth, labor market distortion also decreases neighboring inclusive green growth through the spatial spillover effect. These conclusions suggest that removing distortion in the labor market and emphasizing the role of market mechanisms in labor allocation may provide a new perspective to help move toward inclusive green growth for sustainable development.