bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Environmental Health Benefits of Modern Community Public Spaces: Taking the Renovation of Residential Facades as an Example
Authors: Zhao Ribing , Guo Weimin , Wei Fei , Luo Ying , Liu Chen
Published: July 2023

The complications and sequelae of COVID-19 have jeopardized the well-being of residents, hindering community sustainability. Experiencing positive emotions can mitigate or counteract the negative effects of some diseases, but modern residential facades cannot effectively stimulate positive emotions among residents. Traditional culture influences people’s emotional responses. However, it is unclear what the result would be if traditional architectural patterns, one of the symbols of traditional culture, were redecorated as modern residential facades. Therefore, this paper used questionnaire research to collect data from residents of the Zhouxinyuan community in Wuxi on different types of traditional architectural patterns in assessing architectural aesthetics (N = 365) and health benefits (N = 154), using the Wilcoxon signed rank test to analyze the data for variance. The results indicate that modern residential facades decorated with traditional architectural patterns were more consistent with residents’ visual preferences and more likely to stimulate positive emotions than existing residential facades. Most importantly, modern residential facades decorated with traditional architectural patterns showed higher health benefits, especially in calming emotions (mean = 5, SD = 1.033). Based on these findings and the theory of positive experience, this paper constructs a conceptual framework for modern community public space renovation that contributes to improving the health benefits of modern communities. The framework can mitigate or counteract the complications or sequelae of the pandemic, contributing to the sustainable development of modern community public space environmental systems.
Mpox (Monkeypox) in Pregnancy: Viral Clade Differences and Their Associations with Varying Obstetrical and Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Schwartz David A. , Pittman Phillip R.
Published: July 2023

In African countries where mpox (monkeypox) is endemic, infection is caused by two genetically related clades—Clade I (formerly Congo Basin), and Clade IIa (formerly West Africa), both of which are potentially life-threatening infections. Prior to the 2022–2023 global outbreak, mpox infections among pregnant women caused by Clade I were reported to have a 75% perinatal case fatality rate in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including the only documented case of placental infection and stillbirth from the Congenital Mpox Syndrome, and the Clade IIa mpox infection was associated with stillbirths in Nigeria. The 2022–2023 global mpox outbreak, caused by a genetically distinct strain, Clade IIb, has focused attention on the effects of mpox on pregnant women and fetal outcomes. There have been at least 58 cases of mpox infection occurring in pregnant women during the 2022–2023 outbreak. No confirmed cases of adverse perinatal outcome, including stillbirth, have been reported. The absence of perinatal morbidity and mortality from Clade IIb corresponds to the overall case fatality rate among non-pregnant women of <0.1%, as this clade has been demonstrated to produce a less-severe disease than the mpox Clade I or IIa variants. Thus, there are apparently important differences between mpox clades affecting pregnant women and perinatal outcomes.
Inhibition of Marek’s Disease Virus Replication and Spread by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol In Vitro
Authors: Kamble Nitin , Reddy Vishwanatha R. A. P. , Jackson Ben , Anjum Faisal R. , Ubachukwu Chidiebere C. , Patil Ajit , Behboudi Shahriar
Published: July 2023

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, resulting in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. It has been suggested that MDV suppresses the induction of type I interferons and thus escapes immune control. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), a gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyses cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), is an interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) known to exert antiviral activities. Other oxysterols, such as 27-hydroxycholesterols (27-HC), have also been shown to exert antiviral activities, and 27-HC is synthesised by the catalysis of cholesterol via the cytochrome P450 enzyme oxidase sterol 27-hydroxylase A1 (CYP27A1). At 24 h post infection (hpi), MDV stimulated a type I interferon (IFN-α) response, which was significantly reduced at 48 and 72 hpi, as detected using the luciferase assay for chicken type I IFNs. Then, using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that chicken type I IFN (IFN-α) upregulates chicken CH25H and CYP27A1 genes in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. In parallel, our results demonstrate a moderate and transient upregulation of CH25H at 48 hpi and CYP27A1 at 72hpi in MDV-infected CEF cells. A significant reduction in MDV titer and plaque sizes was observed in CEFs treated with 25-HC or 27-HC in vitro, as demonstrated using a standard plaque assay for MDV. Taken together, our results suggest that 25-HC and 27-HC may be useful antiviral agents to control MDV replication and spread.
Genomic and Pathologic Characterization of the First FAdV-C Serotype 4 Isolate from Black-Necked Crane
Authors: Xue Xiaoyan , Yang Qinhong , Wu Ming J. , Zhang Zhenxing , Song Jianling , Wang Wei , Yang Jia , Ji Jia , Zhang Yongxian , Dai Hongyang , Yin Hongbin , Li Suhua
Published: July 2023

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are distributed worldwide in poultry and incriminated as the etiological agents for several health problems in fowls, and are capable of crossing species barriers between domestic and wild fowls. An FAdV strain was, for the first time, isolated from black-necked crane in this study, and was designated as serotype 4 Fowl aviadenovirus C (abbreviated as BNC2021) according to the phylogenetic analysis of its DNA polymerase and hexon gene. The viral genomic sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate possessed the ORF deletions that are present in FAdV4 strains circulating in poultry fowls in China and the amino acid mutations associated with viral pathogenicity in the hexon and fiber 2 proteins. A viral challenge experiment with mallard ducks demonstrated systemic viral infection and horizontal transmission. BNC2021 induced the typical clinical signs of hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with swelling and inflammation in multiple organs and showed significant viral replication in all eight organs tested in the virus-inoculated ducks and their contactees at 6 dpi. The findings highlight the importance of surveillance of FAdVs in wild birds.
The Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations of Varicella–Zoster Virus Reactivation
Authors: Kennedy Peter G. E.
Published: July 2023

Varicella–Zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human alpha herpes virus that causes varicella (chicken pox) as a primary infection and, following a variable period of latency in different ganglionic neurons, it reactivates to produce herpes zoster (shingles). The focus of this review is on the wide spectrum of the possible neurological manifestations of VZV reactivation. While the most frequent reactivation syndrome is herpes zoster, this may be followed by the serious and painful post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and by many other neurological conditions. Prominent among these conditions is a VZV vasculopathy, but the role of VZV in causing giant cell arteritis (GCA) is currently controversial. VZV reactivation can also cause segmental motor weakness, myelitis, cranial nerve syndromes, Guillain–Barre syndrome, meningoencephalitis, and zoster sine herpete, where a neurological syndrome occurs in the absence of the zoster rash. The field is complicated by the relatively few cases of neurological complications described and by the issue of causation when a neurological condition is not manifest at the same time as the zoster rash.
Phenothiazines Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Entry through Targeting Spike Protein
Authors: Liang Taizhen , Xiao Shiqi , Wu Ziyao , Lv Xi , Liu Sen , Hu Meilin , Li Guojie , Li Peiwen , Ma Xiancai
Published: July 2023

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought an unprecedented public health crisis and continues to threaten humanity due to the persistent emergence of new variants. Therefore, developing more effective and broad-spectrum therapeutic and prophylactic drugs against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as future emerging CoVs, is urgently needed. In this study, we screened several US FDA-approved drugs and identified phenothiazine derivatives with the ability to potently inhibit the infection of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and distinct variants of concern (VOCs), including B.1.617.2 (Delta) and currently circulating Omicron sublineages XBB and BQ.1.1, as well as pseudotyped SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Mechanistic studies suggested that phenothiazines predominantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PsV) infection at the early stage and potentially bound to the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, which may prevent the proteolytic cleavage of the S protein, thereby exhibiting inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In summary, our findings suggest that phenothiazines can serve as a potential broad-spectrum therapeutic drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the infection of future emerging human coronaviruses (HCoVs).
Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Kim Garam , Kim So-Jeong , Kim Won-Jun , Kim Jung-Hyeuk , Kim Ji-Chul , Lee Sang-Geon , Kim Eun-Sol , Lee Sang-Hyun , Jheong Weon-Hwa
Published: July 2023

African swine fever (ASF), a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is associated with high mortality rates in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has been spreading since its discovery in wild boars in Korea in October 2019. Genomic analyses have provided insights into the genetic diversity of the ASFV isolated from various regions, enabling a better understanding of the virus origin and transmission patterns. We conducted a genome analysis to evaluate the diversity and mutations of ASFV spreading among wild boars in Korea during 2019–2022. We compared the genomes of ASFV strains isolated from Korean wild boars and publicly available ASFV genomes. Genomic analysis revealed several single-nucleotide polymorphisms within multigene families (MGFs) 360-1La and 360-4L in Korean ASFV. MGF 360-1La and 360-4L variations were not observed in other ASFV strains, including those of genotype II. Finally, we partially analyzed MGFs 360-1La and 360-4L in ASFV-positive samples between 2019 and 2022, confirming the geographical distribution of the variants. Our findings can help identify new genetic markers for epidemiological ASFV analysis and provide essential information for effective disease management.
Peripheral Blood and Nasopharyngeal Swab MiRNA-155 Expression in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Savino Francesco , Gambarino Stefano , Dini Maddalena , Savino Andrea , Clemente Anna , Calvi Cristina , Galliano Ilaria , Bergallo Massimiliano
Published: July 2023

Introduction. MicroRNA (miR) 155 has been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity as well as antiviral responses, but its role during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-155 using pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood in infants with RSV infection and uninfected controls. Methods. A prospective age-matched study was conducted in primary care in Torino from 1 August 2018 to 31 January 2020. We enrolled 66 subjects, 29 of them patients with RSV infection and 37 age-matched uninfected controls, and collected pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood in order to assess miR-155 expression with real-time stem–loop–TaqMan real-time PCR. Results. The data show that there is no correlation between pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood with respect to miR-155 expression. The 1/ΔCq miR-155 expression levels in throat swabs in RSV bronchiolitis patients and healthy controls were 0.19 ± 0.11 and 0.21 ± 0.09, respectively, and were not significantly different between healthy controls and bronchiolitis (p = 0.8414). In the peripheral blood, miR-155 levels were higher than those of healthy control subjects: 0.1 ± 0.013 and 0.09 ± 0.0007, respectively; p = 0.0002. Discussion. Our data provide evidence that miR-155 expression is higher in peripheral blood during RSV infection but not in swabs. This difference in the timing of sample recruitment could explain the differences obtained in the results; miR-155 activation is probably only assessable in the very early stages of infection in the swab and remains visible for longer in the blood. New investigations are needed in order to clarify whether the miR-155 expression in swabs can be influenced by different stages of virus disease of infants.
Differences in the Susceptibility of Human Tubular Epithelial Cells for Infection with Orthohantaviruses
Authors: Schreiber Pamela , Friedrich Ann-Kathrin , Gruber Gefion , Nusshag Christian , Boegelein Lukas , Essbauer Sandra , Uhrig Josephine , Zeier Martin , Krautkrämer Ellen
Published: July 2023

Diseases induced by infection with pathogenic orthohantaviruses are characterized by a pronounced organ-specific manifestation. Pathogenic Eurasian orthohantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with often massive proteinuria. Therefore, the use of a relevant kidney cell culture would be favorable to analyze the underlying cellular mechanisms of orthohantavirus-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). We tested different human tubular epithelial cell lines for their suitability as an in vitro infection model. Permissiveness and replication kinetics of highly pathogenic Hantaan virus (HTNV) and non-/low-pathogenic Tula virus (TULV) were analyzed in tubular epithelial cell lines and compared to human primary tubular epithelial cells. Ana-lysis of the cell line HK-2 revealed the same results for viral replication, morphological and functional effects as observed for HTNV in primary cells. In contrast, the cell lines RPTEC/TERT1 and TH1 demonstrated only poor infection rates after inoculation with HTNV and are unusable as an infection model. While pathogenic HNTV infects primary tubular and HK-2 cells, non-/low-pathogenic TULV infects neither primary tubular cells nor the cell line HK-2. Our results show that permissiveness of renal cells varies between orthohantaviruses with differences in pathogenicity and that HK-2 cells demonstrate a suitable in vitro model to study viral tropism and pathogenesis of orthohantavirus-induced AKI.
Temporal Shift of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemic Peak for the Years 2020–2023 in Marseille, Southern France
Authors: De Maria Lucille Claire , Colson Philippe , Morand Aurélie , Vanel Noémie , Stoupan Didier , La Scola Bernard , Boschi Céline
Published: July 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus is among the most common causes of respiratory infections. Typically, this viral infection has a seasonality during the cold months but with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic this has been considerably modified. Here, we studied the epidemiology of this virus in university hospitals of Marseille, South of France, over the period 2020 to 2023. We tested in our laboratory from July 2020 to October 2021 16,516 nasopharyngeal swabs from 16,468 patients for RSV infection using different qPCR assays. We then analyzed data from previous and subsequent winters (from 2018 to 2023) and previous summers (from 2015 to 2021). A total of 676 patients were RSV-positive; their mean age was 3 years and 91 were under 5 years of age. We observed a delay of 4 months of the RSV epidemic’s onset compared to other years with an epidemic that peaked in March 2021. We had significantly more RSV-positive cases during summer 2021 compared to previous summers, whereas the incidence of RSV infections was not significantly higher during winter 2022 versus previous winters. Moreover, 494 patients were diagnosed as RSV-positive in the emergency unit and 181 were subsequently hospitalized, and 34 patients were diagnosed RSV-positive while already in the intensive care unit. Over all the study periods, 38 patients diagnosed as RSV-positive died, the majority of whom (23/28) were over 65 years of age. These data show an atypical evolution of the incidence of RSV infections in our city and is another example of the unpredictability of infectious disease epidemiology.
High Levels of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) Antibodies One Year Post Booster Vaccinations among Hospital Workers in Indonesia: Was the Second Booster Needed?
Authors: Muslimah Amila Hanifan , Tiara Marita Restie , Djauhari Hofiya , Dewantara Muhammad Hafizh , Susandi Evan , Indrati Agnes Rengga , Alisjahbana Bachti , Soeroto Arto Yuwono , Wisaksana Rudi
Published: July 2023

In August 2022, Indonesia prioritized healthcare workers to receive the second booster dose. We conducted a sequential serosurvey to understand the dynamics of the antibody titers. The first serosurvey, which was conducted in June 2021, 1–6 months after Sinovac vaccination, showed a median antibody level of 41.4 BAU/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 10–629.4 BAU/mL). The second serosurvey was conducted one month (August 2021) after the first Moderna booster vaccine and showed a median level of 4000 BAU/mL (IQR: 3081–4000 BAU/mL). The last serosurvey was conducted a year (August 2022) after the booster and showed a median level of 4000 BAU/mL (IQR: 4000–4000 BAU/mL). In this last survey, only 39 (11.9%) of healthcare workers had antibody levels below the maximum level of 4000 BAU/mL. Thus, one year after the first booster dose, we did not observe the waning of antibody levels. The average increase was perhaps because of natural infection. Based on these considerations, we believe that a second booster dose was not necessary for this category of subjects at that time. Because vaccine supply is often limited, priority could be given to the general population or other high-risk patient groups with low antibody titers based on serological tests.
Mycobacterium smegmatis, a Promising Vaccine Vector for Preventing TB and Other Diseases: Vaccinomics Insights and Applications
Authors: Xie Weile , Wang Longlong , Luo Dan , Soni Vijay , Rosenn Eric H. , Wang Zhe
Published: July 2023

Mycobacterium smegmatis (M.sm) is frequently used as an alternative model organism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) studies. While containing high sequence homology with M.tb, it is considered non-pathogenic in humans. As such it has been used to study M.tb and other infections in vivo and more recently been explored for potential therapeutic applications. A body of previous research has highlighted the potential of using genetically modified M.sm displaying rapid growth and unique immunostimulatory characteristics as an effective vaccine vector. Novel systems biology techniques can further serve to optimize these delivery constructs. In this article, we review recent advancements in vaccinomics tools that support the efficacy of a M.sm-based vaccine vector. Moreover, the integration of systems biology and molecular omics techniques in these pioneering studies heralds a potential accelerated pipeline for the development of next-generation recombinant vaccines against rapidly developing diseases.
Maternal and Infant Histo-Blood Group Antigen (HBGA) Profiles and Their Influence on Oral Rotavirus Vaccine (RotarixTM) Immunogenicity among Infants in Zambia
Authors: Chauwa Adriace , Bosomprah Samuel , Laban Natasha Makabilo , Phiri Bernard , Chibuye Mwelwa , Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya , Munsaka Sody , Simuyandi Michelo , Mwape Innocent , Mubanga Cynthia , Chobe Masuzyo Chirwa , Chisenga Caroline , Chilengi Roma
Published: July 2023

Live-attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccines have significantly reduced rotavirus-associated diarrhoea morbidity and infant mortality. However, vaccine immunogenicity is diminished in low-income countries. We investigated whether maternal and infant intrinsic susceptibility to rotavirus infection via histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profiles influenced rotavirus (ROTARIX®) vaccine-induced responses in Zambia. We studied 135 mother–infant pairs under a rotavirus vaccine clinical trial, with infants aged 6 to 12 weeks at pre-vaccination up to 12 months old. We determined maternal and infant ABO/H, Lewis, and secretor HBGA phenotypes, and infant FUT2 HBGA genotypes. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured as anti-rotavirus IgA antibody titres. Overall, 34 (31.3%) children were seroconverted at 14 weeks, and no statistically significant difference in seroconversion was observed across the various HBGA profiles in early infant life. We also observed a statistically significant difference in rotavirus-IgA titres across infant HBGA profiles at 12 months, though no statistically significant difference was observed between the study arms. There was no association between maternal HBGA profiles and infant vaccine immunogenicity. Overall, infant HBGAs were associated with RV vaccine immunogenicity at 12 months as opposed to in early infant life. Further investigation into the low efficacy of ROTARIX® and appropriate intervention is key to unlocking the full vaccine benefits for U5 children.
Parents’ Attitudes towards Vaccinations Regarding the Ukrainian Migration to Poland in 2022
Authors: Cholewik Martyna , Stępień Maciej , Bieńkowski Carlo , Pokorska-Śpiewak Maria
Published: July 2023

Background: Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in early 2022 resulted in a large migration of refugees to many countries, including Poland. Vaccination coverage for some infectious diseases in Ukraine is lower than in Poland; consequently, the incidence of infectious diseases—including measles, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and COVID-19—is higher. We aimed to investigate whether the migration of Ukrainians had influenced decisions of Polish parents on having their children vaccinated and to examine their attitudes towards vaccinations. Material and methods: A cross-sectional online survey study was designed. Data on parents’ demographics, attitudes toward vaccination, and knowledge of the current epidemiological situation in Poland were collected. Parents participating in the study were divided into two subgroups for further analysis according to their decisions to have their children vaccinated. Results: A total of 568 questionnaires were collected, of which 21 did not meet the inclusion criteria for the analysis (respondents were not parents). The Ukrainian immigrants’ influx affected 54 (9.87%) participants in their decision of having their children vaccinated. Respondents in this group were more likely to have a positive attitude toward recommended vaccinations (p = 0.0428); in addition, they more often had their children vaccinated with recommended vaccinations (p = 0.0063), believed the vaccination coverage with mandatory vaccinations was higher in Poland than in Ukraine (p = 0.0014), and believed the incidence of diseases covered by mandatory (p = 0.0472) and recommended (p = 0.0097) vaccinations was higher in Ukraine. In addition, parents who declared that the migration had affected their decision regarding their children’s vaccinations had more often been vaccinated due to the influx of Ukrainian immigrants (p < 0.00001) and were more likely to be aware of how migration had impacted the current epidemiological situation in Poland (p = 0.0021). Moreover, the survey more often made these participants think about getting additional vaccinations for themselves (p < 0.0001) and their children (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The Ukrainian immigrants’ influx affected nearly one tenth of surveyed parents in their decision of having their children vaccinated. This group was more aware of the differences between infectious diseases’ epidemiology in Poland and Ukraine. In addition, they also had a more positive attitude toward vaccinations.
Avalanche Susceptibility Mapping by Investigating Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Snow Cover Based on Remote Sensing Imagery along the Pemo Highway—A Critical Transportation Road in Tibet, China
Authors: Xi Ning , Mei Gang
Published: July 2023

The Pemo Highway is a critical transportation road to Medog County in the Tibet Plateau (TP). Since its completion in 2021, the Pemo Highway has been prone to frequent avalanches due to heavy rainfall and snowfall. Despite the lack of monitoring stations along the highway and limited research conducted in this area, remote sensing imagery provides valuable data for investigating avalanche hazards along the highway. In this paper, we first investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of snow cover along the Pemo Highway over the past two years based on the GEE platform. Second, we integrated snow, topography, meteorology, and vegetation factors to assess avalanche susceptibility in January, February, and March 2023 along the highway using the AHP method. The results reveal that the exit of the Duoshungla Tunnel is particularly susceptible to avalanches during the winter months, specifically from January to March, with a significant risk observed in March. Approximately 3.7 km in the direction of the tunnel exit to Lager is prone to avalanche hazards during this period. The recent “1.17 avalanche” event along the Pemo Highway validates the accuracy of our analysis. The findings of this paper provide timely guidance for implementing effective avalanche prevention measures on the Pemo Highway.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Nowcasting of the 2022 Yangtze River Mega-Flash Drought
Authors: Liang Miaoling , Yuan Xing , Zhou Shiyu , Ma Zhanshan
Published: July 2023

Flash droughts challenge early warnings due to their rapid onset, which requires a proper drought index and skillful nowcasting system. A few studies have assessed the nowcast skill for flash droughts using a one-dimensional index, but whether the models can capture their spatiotemporal evolution remains unclear. In this study, a three-dimensional meteorological flash drought index based on the percentile of 15-day moving average precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-ET) is developed. The index is then used to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of a mega-flash drought that occurred in the Yangtze River basin during the summer of 2022. The results show that the mega-flash drought started at the beginning of July in the upper reaches of the river and expanded to the middle and lower reaches at the beginning of August due to the spread of the high-pressure system. The evolution is well captured by the proposed three-dimensional index. The spatial correlations between the China Meteorological Administration global medium-range ensemble forecast system (CMA-GFS)’s nowcast and reanalysis ranged from 0.58 to 0.85, and the hit rate and equitable threat score are 0.54 and 0.26, respectively. This study shows that the CMA-GFS nowcast of the P-ET index roughly captured the drought’s evolution, which can be used for flash drought early warnings and water resource management.
Effect of Nitrogen Application and Microbial Fertilizer on Nitrogen Conversion Processes in Saline Farmland
Authors: Zhao Haogeng , Zhao Ju , Li Lijun , Yin Chunyan , Chen Qiang , Nie Xiaoxue , Pang Jiahe , Wang Lixia , Li Erzhen
Published: July 2023

The nutrient utilization rate of salinized farmland soils is low, the nitrogen loss is high, and soil salinity inhibits the hydrolysis of urea and the release of nutrients. In this work, the effect of microbial fertilizer on the nitrogen transformation characteristics and nitrogen morphology of salinized soils was studied using indoor constant temperature incubation tests with different nitrogen application rates—without (A0) and with microbial fertilizer application (A1 (15 t/ha)) or nitrogen application (N) of 0 kg/ha (N0), 97.5 kg/ha (N1), or 195 kg/ha (N2). The results show the following: (i) When no microbial fertilizer was applied, an increased nitrogen application promoted nitrogen fertilizer’s ammonification and nitrification reactions. Furthermore, the maximum net nitrification rate with the high nitrogen fertilizer application decreased; the apparent ammonification rate and net ammonification rate A0N2 increased by 26.1% and 24.6%, respectively, compared with A0N1 on the first day of incubation; the maximum net nitrification rate of A0N1 was more than that of A0N2; and A0N1 > A0N2 on day 3, while A0N2 > A0N1 on days 3 to 15. At 3 d, the nitrogen conversion process of A0N1 was dominated by the nitrification reaction, while the ammonification reaction dominated in A0N2. (ii) Microbial fertilizers significantly increased the ammonification and nitrification rates under the low N fertilizer application. The intensity of ammonification and nitrification under the low N fertilizer application was greater than that under the high N fertilizer application. The apparent ammonification rate and net ammonification rate of A1N1 increased by 60.9% and 52.6% compared with A0N1 and 21.9% and 21.7% compared with A1N2 on the first day of incubation, and the peak net nitrification rates of A1N1 and A1N2 (28.19 mg/kg d and 11.02 mg/kg d, respectively) and net nitrification rates of A1N1 and A1N2 were 113.7% higher than those of A0N1. The net nitrification rates of A1N1 and A1N2 were 82.3% and 58.6% lower than the maximum net nitrification rates on the 15th day of incubation, respectively. (iii) In saline soils, low-nitrogen microbial fertilizers led to more ammonium nitrogen in the soil, and the high-nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in higher nitrate nitrogen in the soil, leading to nitrogen leaching. Therefore, when applying microbial fertilizer, choosing the most suitable period for reduced chasing is important for the efficient use of fertilizers, the alternative role of biofertilizers, and the study of environmental pollution.
Quantifying the Impact of Changes in Sinuosity on River Ecosystems
Authors: Yu Zicheng , Fu Yicheng , Zhang Ye , Liu Zhe , Liu Yixuan
Published: July 2023

To quantitatively study the hydrodynamic changes in different river morphologies and clarify the impact of morphological changes on river ecosystems, this study examined a section of the Nansha River near Laoniuwan in the Haidian District, Beijing, and characterized different river morphologies by river sinuosity. The River 2D model was used for simulation and analysis, and the depth and velocity diversity indices were introduced to quantify the distribution of depth and velocity under different sinuosities. Cyprinus carpio was selected as the target fish in this study, and its suitability curve was determined using literature and field surveys. Combined with the simulation results, a weighted usable area curve was established to identify its inflection point and maximum value and determine the ecological flow in the river under different sinuosities, that is, to clarify the relationship between sinuosity and ecological flow. The results showed that the lower the sinuosity, the worse the depth and velocity diversity, but a greater sinuosity did not lead to better depth and velocity diversity. The depth and velocity diversity of a sinuosity of 1.5 were better than those of 1.89 in general, except for low flow conditions (Q = 5 m3/s). For rivers with water use restricted by nature and society and where ecological needs exist, ecological engineering that appropriately changes the planform of rivers can be considered to increase the diversity of river/channel geometry and provide a basis for the ecological restoration of rivers.
Changes in Water-Use Efficiency of Eucalyptus Plantations and Its Driving Factors in a Small County in South China
Authors: Yao Yuefeng , Huang Jinjun , He Wen , Zhu Jiafu , Li Yanyu
Published: July 2023

Ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) has been central in revealing the variability in terrestrial carbon and water cycles. Short-rotation plantations such as Eucalyptus plantations can simultaneously impact net primary production (NPP) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa), components of WUE, resulting in changes in terrestrial carbon and water cycles. However, there are few detailed studies on the changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations at the catchment scale with high spatial remote sensing imagery. Here, we present the changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations and its driving factors (i.e., NPP and ETa) using satellite-based models combined with 5-m spatial resolution RapidEye imagery in a small county in South China. The increases in ETa of Eucalyptus plantations are primarily the result of climate warming and result in low WUE of Eucalyptus plantations. The management practice used (short rotation in this study) can enhance the effect of climate warming on WUE by varying the NPP of Eucalyptus plantations. A high value of NPP leads to a high WUE of Eucalyptus plantations at the end of a short rotation, while a low value of NPP results in a low WUE at the beginning of another short rotation. Changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations indicated large spatial and temporal variability, associated with climate warming and short-rotation practices.
Assessing the Sustainability of Photodegradation and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Reuse in an Agricultural Resilience Context
Authors: Crovella Tiziana , Paiano Annarita
Published: July 2023

The growths in worldwide population—of up to 8.5 billion people by 2030—and agriculture have put great pressure on water resources, above all in arid and drought-prone areas. Nowadays, water scarcity, drought and pollution of wastewater are considered major issues of concern. For this reason, the authors provided an overview of two methods of wastewater purification and removing pollutants for use in crop irrigation in a sustainable manner. The novelty lies in the reuse of recovered wastewater, purified through photodegradation and photocatalysis technologies using solar energy. The knowledge of the environmental impacts associated with the use of recycled water with these photo-processes to irrigate crops under field conditions is still scarce. In the future, this issue will be important. In particular, photodegradation and photocatalysis achieve a sustainable reduction in contaminants contained in wastewater of between 35% and 100%. The use of bismuth vanadate supports the complete removal of pollutants, and the implementation of catalytic membranes makes these processes more circular. This research was performed under the “Progetto GRINS “Growing Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable” with the aim of “Building a dataset for the circular economy of the main Italian production systems”.
Geochemical Investigations of the Geothermal Waters in the Kangding Area, SW China: Constraints from Hydrochemistry and D-O-T Isotopy
Authors: Zhang Xialin , Deng Chengdong , Feng Tao , Zhang Yunhui
Published: July 2023

Geothermal resources, as a representative of clean energy, has been paid significant attention in the world. Due to active neotectonics and widespread magmatic rocks, the abundant geothermal waters in the Kangding area have been investigated. Hydrochemistry and D–O–T isotopy studies were carried out to clarify the genetic mechanism of geothermal waters. The hydrochemical types of geothermal waters are mainly Ca2+–Na+–HCO3− type, Na+–Cl−–HCO3− type, and Na+–HCO3− type. Silicate dissolution and the cation exchange process are the water–rock interactions determining hydrochemical compositions. The recharge elevation of geothermal water was calculated to be 3034–3845 m, with an average of 3416 m. The reservoir temperatures of shallow and deep geothermal reservoirs vary from 50 to 115 °C and from 114 to 219 °C, respectively, and the mixing ratio of cold water is 0.56–0.89. These findings help to reveal the genetic mechanism of geothermal waters in the Kangding area.
The Influence of Glacier Mass Balance on River Runoff in the Typical Alpine Basin
Authors: Yang Bin , Du Weibing , Li Junli , Bao Anming , Ge Wen , Wang Shuangting , Lyu Xiaoxuan , Gao Xin , Cheng Xiaoqian
Published: July 2023

Quantifying the effects of alpine GMB (Glacier Mass Balance) on river runoff is an important content of climate change. Uncertainty exists in GMB monitoring when applying remote-sensing technology. There are several reasons for these uncertainties, such as terrain deviation co-registration among different topographic data, the mismatch between GSE (Glacier Surface Elevation) from satellite monitoring and the GMB that comprises the physical glacier properties, the driving factors of GMB, and the response patterns of the runoff within the basin. This paper proposed a method based on the ridge line co-registration of DEMs (Digital Elevation Models), and the Tailan River basin, which is a typical glacier melt runoff recharge basin located in the southern Tianshan Mountains, was selected. Abnormal values in GSE changes were removed using ice thickness data, and the GSE results were optimized based on the regularity of the GSE change with altitude to estimate the GMB. The driving factors of the GMB and the response characteristics of the runoff in the basin were also explored. The results showed that the accuracy of the optimized GSE results across different periods has improved by more than 25%. The mean annual thinning value of GSE in the basin from 2000 to 2022 was −0.25 ± 0.02 m·a−1, corresponding to a GMB value of −0.30 ± 0.02 m w.e.a−1, indicating a consistent GMB loss state. Combined with climate data, the glaciers in the basin were impacted by rising temperatures, and the smallest increase in annual precipitation in the basin was insufficient to compensate for the GMB loss. Moreover, in the past 22 years, glacier meltwater accounts for 46.15% of the total runoff in the Tailan River basin.
Peroxydisulfate Peroxidation of Cyanobacterial Cells Catalyzed by Non-Graphitic N-Doped Nanodiamonds
Authors: Wang Yuting , Li Wenshu , Liu Junli , Wu Xiaoge , Ling Chen , Pan Yuwei
Published: July 2023

Non-graphitic nitrogen-doped nano-scale diamonds were tested in the laboratory for their ability to activate peroxydisulfate for treating Microcystis-laden water. Flocculation was observed and up to 99.8% of the cyanobacterial cells were removed. The flocs’ composition showed that nano-scale diamonds with activated persulfate promoted the release of protein-like and humic-like substances during the treatment, which could have promoted agglomeration. Comprehensive analyses suggest that both radical and radical-free mechanisms were involved. Extracellular substances associated with the Microcystis cells were modified to function as active bioflocculants, leading to self-flocculation and sedimentation.
Implications of Extended Environmental Multimedia Modeling System (EEMMS) on Water Allocation Management: Tritium Numerical Case Study
Authors: Yuan Jing , Wang Xiao , Guo Qing , Chen Wanke , Xu Xia , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: July 2023

Tritium waste deposition in air-unsaturated groundwater zones poses great challenges to optimal water allocation. This paper reviews the research progress of air-unsaturated-groundwater interaction. Traditional interaction studies typically model the fate and migration of pollutants in different regions. This can lead to biased results and simulation errors. The development of air-unsaturated-ground integrated modeling will be a breakthrough and a hotspot in tritium management. In this paper, the fate and migration of tritium leakage is further studied using the existing extended Environment Multimedia Modeling System (EEMMS). Moreover, to better understand its distribution in three zones, using tritium as a typical pollutant, it is necessary to consider its characteristics in different zones, especially its migration from unsaturated zones to groundwater and air zones. The result shows that the tritiated water vapor transfer in unsaturated groundwater areas decreases and part of the tritiated water vapor transfers to atmospheric areas as tritiated gas vapor. Compared with the analytical test accuracy (5 pCi mL−1), the accuracy of the tritium modeling using the finite element method can reach the minimum concentration limit of 0 pCi mL−1. The study of its distribution in air-unsaturated-groundwater zones can provide reference for other similar tritium management or NAPLs distribution across multimedia area.
Influence of Blade Exit Angle on the Performance and Internal Flow Pattern of a High-Speed Electric Submersible Pump
Authors: Han Chen , Liu Junze , Yang Yang , Chen Xionghuan
Published: July 2023

The impeller vane exit placement angle has a critical role in the flow characteristics of the fluid inside the lobe, thus having a profound effect on the overall pump performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the impeller exit angle on the operating characteristics of a high-speed well submersible pump, and the numerical calculation results of the original model are in good agreement with the experimental results. In this paper, five different impeller vane exit angles, namely 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°, are selected for numerical analysis based on the original model, and the flow conditions of 0.6 Q, 1.0 Q and 1.4 Q are analyzed for each angle. The results show that the impeller vane exit placement angle not only affects the static pressure distribution, velocity distribution and streamline distribution within the impeller and guide vane, but also has a significant effect on the head curve, power curve and efficiency curve of the well submersible pump. As the flow slip inside the impeller of high-speed well submersible pumps intensifies, the large impeller outlet angle will cause the power of the impeller to increase linearly with the flow rate, thus reducing the pump efficiency. In the low-flow and high-flow conditions, a small outlet angle of 10° will make the efficiency of high-speed submersible pumps higher than in other conditions, and these findings can provide some reference for the optimal design of high-speed submersible pumps.
Simple Preparation of Lignin-Based Phenolic Resin Carbon and Its Efficient Adsorption of Congo Red
Authors: Su Wanting , Li Penghui , Wang Mingkang , Yi Dairenjie , Jiang Bo , Wu Wenjuan
Published: July 2023

Biomass porous carbon is a low-cost, environmentally friendly material with no secondary pollution and has great potential in the field of dye pollutant adsorption. In this work, we used lignin, a renewable resource abundant in nature, to completely replace phenol and develop a lignin-based phenolic resin carbon (LPFC) adsorbent with high dye removal capacity, high recyclability, and low production cost. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Then the effects of adsorbent dosage (1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3 g/L, 4 g/L, and 5 g/L), temperature (30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C), initial dye concentration (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 mg/L), and pH (3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) on the adsorption capacity were investigated during the adsorption process. The experimental results showed that the pore structure of LPFC was richer and more graphitized than that of phenolic resin carbon (PFC). The adsorption performance of LPFC on CR was better than that of PFC. The adsorption characteristics of LPFC were investigated from the adsorption isotherm and kinetic perspectives. The Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the proposed second-order kinetic model were able to fit the adsorption data better. The adsorption process preferred monolayer adsorption, and the proposed second-order model predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 425.53 mg/g. After five cycles, the removal of CR by LPFC only decreased from 92.1 to 79.2%. It can be seen that LPFC adsorbents have great potential in the field of wastewater treatment and can effectively realize the high-value application of lignin.
Li-Ion Battery State of Charge Prediction for Electric Vehicles Based on Improved Regularized Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Zhang Baozhong , Ren Guoqiang
Published: July 2023

Battery state of charge prediction is one of the most essential state quantities of a battery management system. It is a prerequisite for the operation of a battery management system, but it becomes difficult to make an exact prediction of its state due to its characteristics, which cannot be measured directly. For the exact assessment of the Li-ion battery state of charge, the research proposes an extreme learning machine algorithm based on the alternating factor multiplier method with improved regularization. This method constructs a suitable online Li-ion battery state of charge prediction model using the alternating factor multiplier method in gradient form. The experiment demonstrates that the algorithm in the study has a reduction in the number of nodes in the implicit layer relative to the traditional extreme learning machine algorithm. The error fluctuations of the algorithm under two different excitation functions range from [−0.005, 0.005] and [0.082, 0.265]; The root mean square error of the data set in which the algorithm performs well is 1.9516 and 0.6157, respectively. The real simulation scenario created the predicted values of the state of charge in the realistic simulation scenario that fit the real value curve by 99.99%. The average and maximum errors of the proposed state of charge prediction model are the smallest compared to the long and short-term memory networks and gated cyclic units, 0.58% and 2.97%, respectively. The experiment demonstrates that the presented algorithm can reduce the computational burden while guaranteeing the state of charge model prediction.
On the issue of recalling an employee from leave
Authors:   Department of Land, Labor and Environmental Law of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Novikova Yu. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin",   , Russia, Krasnodar
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the content of the category “review from leave”, the procedure and timing of the review; a conclusion is made about the legal consequences of the employee’s refusal to go to work when recalled from leave, ab leave, mounts of money due to the employee when recalled from leave.
To the question of bonuses (current legal positions The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Department of Labor Law, Ural State Law University named after V.F. Yakovlev, Yekaterinburg, Kozina E.V.
Published: July 2023

The question of the legality of the payment of the premium does not subside in law enforcement practice. The reason for this is the incorrect wording of local regulations. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation delimited Article 135 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Article 191 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If these payments are of a regular nature and are accrued for the performance of indicators previously approved by the employer, then they are recognized by the courts as a guaranteed payment. In other cases, the bonus may be a one-time payment in accordance with Part 1 of Article 191 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. No matter how the employer tries to disguise the bonus, the courts will establish the legal nature of incentive payments during the dispute resolution process.
Jurisprudence: Reduction issues
Authors:   Pepelyaev Group company, Moscow, Zhizherina Yu.
Published: July 2023

The review presents court decisions on disputes on the legality of the dismissal of an employee in connection with the reduction, the consequence of the employer missing the term of dismissal of an employee in connection with the reduction, transfer with reduction to a temporarily vacant position, etc.