bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘… again to breathe fully from two lungs’: Eastern Catholic Encounters with History and Ecclesiology
Authors: O’Mahony Anthony
Published: September 2016

The Eastern Catholic churches have a distinct history and ecclesiology; which is the consequence of often being located on the frontier between Western and Eastern Christianity. The 23 Eastern Catholic churches represent a unique oecumene of theological, spiritual and linguistic traditions and cultures - Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopic, Syriac and Byzantine. These traditions are little known despite their continuing significance and importance. The Russian poet and scholar Vjaceslav Ivanov (1866-1949) created the concept that the Christian Church needed to ‘…again to breathe fully from two lungs’. This paper engages with certain aspects of the history and ecclesiology of the Eastern Catholic churches in the context of modern Europe.
Random equilateral Kelvin open-cell foam microstructures: Cross-section shapes, compressive behavior, and isotropic characteristics
Authors: Gao Guangfa , Qi Minju , Li Yongchi
Published: September 2016

Representative volume elements of random equilateral Kelvin open-cell microstructures were modeled for the open-cell foam. We adopted the periodic boundary conditions developed in our previous research. The quasistatic compression properties of the representative volume elements in random Kelvin open-cell aluminum foam samples, both with different relative densities and different cross-sections of the beams in the structures were investigated. The results show that the features of the stress–strain curves in the representative volume elements with different relative densities and different cross-sections were similar, and the relationships between the yield strengths and relative densities of representative volume elements with four different cross-sections all agreed well with the quadratic power function. Among the representative volume elements with four different cross-sections, the yield strengths of the representative volume elements with a Plateau border cross-section were significantly larger than in representative volume elements with other cross-sections, while the yield strengths of representative volume elements with circular cross-sections were smaller than in representative volume elements with other cross-sections. This indicates that the simulation results of the compression strengths for open-cell foam in which the representative volume elements with circular cross-sections were employed are significantly smaller than their actual values. The main reason for this is that the moments of inertia in the Plateau border cross-sections are significantly greater than in the circular cross-sections of the same area. Our investigation results revealed that the compression responses of the representative volume elements for random equilateral Kelvin open-cell microstructures demonstrate isotropic behavior on the xoy plane, the yoz plane, and the xoz plane.
Effects of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Caries and Treatment Costs
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Thomson W.M. , Broadbent J.M. , Stolpe M.
Published: September 2016

Caries increment is affected by sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Taxing SSBs could reduce sugar consumption and caries increment. The authors aimed to estimate the impact of a 20% SSB sales tax on caries increment and associated treatment costs (as well as the resulting tax revenue) in the context of Germany. A model-based approach was taken, estimating the effects for the German population aged 14 to 79 y over a 10-y period. Taxation was assumed to affect beverage-associated sugar consumption via empirical demand elasticities. Altered consumption affected caries increments and treatment costs, with cost estimates being calculated under the perspective of the statutory health insurance. National representative consumption and price data were used to estimate tax revenue. Microsimulations were performed to estimate health outcomes, costs, and revenue impact in different age, sex, and income groups. Implementing a 20% SSB sales tax reduced sugar consumption in nearly all male groups but in fewer female groups. The reduction was larger among younger than older individuals and among those with low income. Taxation reduced caries increment and treatment costs especially in younger (rather than older) individuals and those with low income. Over 10 y, mean (SD) net caries increments at the population level were 82.27 (1.15) million and 83.02 (1.08) million teeth at 20% and 0% SSB tax, respectively. These generated treatment costs of 2.64 (0.39) billion and 2.72 (0.35) billion euro, respectively. Additional tax revenue was 37.99 (3.41) billion euro over the 10 y. In conclusion and within the limitations of this study’s perspective, database, and underlying assumptions, implementing a 20% sales tax on SSBs is likely to reduce caries increment, especially in young low-income males, thereby also reducing inequalities in the distribution of caries experience. Taxation would also reduce treatment costs. However, these reductions might be limited in the total population.
Who Holds a Fixed Mindset and Whom Does It Harm in Mathematics?
Authors: Hwang NaYoung , Reyes Marcela , Eccles Jacquelynne S.
Published: September 2016

Existing research on theories of intelligence shows that students with growth mindsets tend to outperform those with fixed mindsets in mathematics. We used nationally representative data to address two related questions in the general population: (a) Are there subgroup differences in the endorsement of a fixed mindset? (b) Does the negative association of a fixed mindset and math achievement vary across subgroups? We found that White students and students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to view intelligence as a fixed trait than non-Whites and students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Furthermore, for low-achieving students, we found that a fixed mindset at 10th grade predicted lower gains in academic achievement by 12th grade than it did for their high-achieving counterparts. Our results reflect that contextual differences play a critical role in shaping fixed mindsets and its consequences.
The Paradox of Controversial Innovation: Insights From the Rise of Impressionism
Authors: Delacour Hélène , Leca Bernard
Published: September 2016

This article considers the strategies developed by a coalition of innovators and supporters to contribute to the consecration of a controversial innovation that transgresses the established codes. It does so through the analysis of Impressionism (1874–1900) that provoked a dramatic shift from classical to modern art. The case study suggests that such consecration can be achieved while claiming the distinctiveness of the controversial innovation, instead of toning it down. The findings reveal the importance of distributed strategies developed by loosely coordinated coalition members. More specifically, they point to simultaneous, and potentially contradictory, strategies: strategies aimed to enforce the distinctiveness of this controversial innovation, and strategies aimed to extend support for it, insisting that contradictory tensions between those strategies can prove useful in achieving consecration. Overall, the article contributes to research on the consecration of controversial innovations, as well as to the literature on framing and brokerage.
Tower Cranes and Organization Studies
Authors: Parker Martin
Published: September 2016

This is a paper about different ways of revealing materials, and a theory of organization. It moves through a kaleidoscope of perspectives which reveal the tower crane as made through its relations with a series of different ways of seeing – engineering and mathematics, capitalist economics, and a workplace labour process. It employs a wide variety of sources, including some interviews that I have done with crane drivers. I then move into an account of the modernist fascination with technology, particularly Soviet constructivism. The latter provides the theoretical scaffolding which allows me to see the crane as a temporary stabilization of structure, and structure as an arrangement of planes and lines of force which allows certain moves just as it prevents others. This is a way of saying that an adequate understanding of ‘organization’ requires thinking multiples and relations. Nodding towards Deleuze and Guattari towards the end, I suggest that cranes are good to think with for these multiple purposes, but that any assemblage would do.
Who provides the conditions for human life? Sanctuary movements in Sweden as both contesting and working with state agencies
Authors: Lundberg Anna , Strange Michael
Published: September 2016

This article analyses sanctuary initiatives intended to change the situation of ‘irregularised residents’. Through fieldwork, three main activities are identified: assistance for welfare services, alternatives to inaccessible services, and inventing new ways of organising togetherness in the city. The role of activists in the initiatives links to discussions within Critical Human Rights literature, which emphasise the anti-institutionalist origins of rights. Yet, a complex interplay also plays out through co-current resistance against the state’s migration policing and collaboration with city-level state agencies. Understanding this complex process is important to improving knowledge of both the politics of sanctuary and human rights.
Inflections of the Bayesian Paradigm in Perceptual Psychology
Authors: Burigana Luigi , Vicovaro Michele
Published: September 2016

Bayesian modeling has gained a conspicuous position in contemporary perceptual psychology. It can be examined from two viewpoints: a formal one, concerning the logical attributes of and the algebraic operations on the components of the models, and a substantive one, concerning the empirical meaning of those components. We maintain that, while there is homogeneity between Bayesian models of visual perception in their formal setup, remarkable differences can be found in their substantive aspect, that is, how the question “Where do probabilities come from?” is answered when designing the models. In particular, we focus on an inflection that we call “congenial” because it consistently embodies the inversion idea of the Bayes’ rule in terms of optical inversion and highlight delicate issues that face this inflection for a consistent realization of the scientific program it represents. We also suggest ideas concerning the organization of the Bayesian area within perceptual psychology, which appears variegated, with the congenial inflection in a central position, and a fringe of disputable classification along the border.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Effects of Brief Anger Management on Community-Based Offenders in Malta
Authors: Henwood Kevin Sammut , Browne Kevin Dominic , Chou Shihning
Published: September 2016

The aim of this article is to examine the effects of a short-term one-to-one anger management program delivered to community-based offenders in Malta. The program delivered was the Individual Managing Anger Program (I-MAP), a Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based anger management intervention developed as an EU project. A randomized control trial (RCT)with waitlist controls was carried out to investigate the effects of I-MAP on the reduction in anger dysfunction among offenders serving a community-based sanction. Participants were 24 male offenders aged between 18 and 57. Eligibility for treatment was based on screening for anger dysfunction and success of interventions was determined through psychometric measures. All the statistical analyses carried out showed significant reduction in psychometric scores on anger symptoms. Results of the interventions show clinical significance. These results are discussed in light of recent research.
Telecare, obtrusiveness, acceptance and use: An empirical exploration
Authors: Hamblin Kate
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Telecare is increasingly part of the United Kingdom (UK)’s health and social care arrangements, and therefore occupational therapists’ practice. Understanding factors which influence telecare’s acceptance and usage is important to ensure optimal outcomes, both for service users and health and social care systems.

Method

This paper uses data collected by a qualitative, multi-method, longitudinal research study ( n = 60) to explore whether an American model of ‘obtrusiveness’ is applicable to the UK context by examining what factors influence older adults’ acceptance and use of telecare.

Findings

The obtrusiveness model is broadly applicable to the UK context, but there are also two further issues which affected the acceptance and use of telecare: the degree of control a service user feels they have and the information and support they receive in using their devices.

Conclusion

The obtrusiveness model, plus the two additions (control and information), highlight important issues which could assist professionals working with telecare, including occupational therapists, in ensuring telecare is both accepted and well used.
Personalization vs. privacy
Authors: Garcia-Rivadulla Sandra
Published: September 2016

This article explores the issue of online privacy and personalization in light of the new possibilities the Internet and other available technologies provide. Search engines and social networks are increasingly customizing our search results, advertisements and contact networks, making each user’s experience unique. Since Snowden’s revelations people have taken a deeper interest in what kind of data third parties are gathering from us, and for what reasons. Despite their concerns, people still seem willing to trade their privacy and data for convenience. In an online world that becomes more personalized every day, where all our activity can be tracked, stored, analyzed and used by providers and governments, where do we draw the line between personalization and surveillance and people’s rights?
Antibacterial and osteo-stimulatory effects of a borate-based glass series doped with strontium ions
Authors: Li Yiming , Stone Wendy , Schemitsch Emil H , Zalzal Paul , Papini Marcello , Waldman Stephen D , Towler Mark R
Published: September 2016

This work considered the effect of both increasing additions of Strontium (Sr2+) and incubation time on solubility and both antibacterial and osteo-stimulatory effects of a series of glasses based on the B2O3–P2O5–CaCO3–Na2CO3–TiO2–SrCO3 series. The amorphous nature of all the glasses was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Discs of each glass were immersed in de-ionized water for 1, 7 and 30 days, and the water extracts were used for ion release profiles, pH measurements and cytotoxicity testing. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to detect the release of Na+, Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions from the glasses with respect to maturation, which indicated that the addition of Sr2+ retarded solubility of the glass series. This effect was also confirmed by weight loss analysis through comparing the initial weight of glass discs before and after periods of incubation. The incorporation of Sr2+ in the glasses did not influence the pH of the water extracts when the glasses were stored for up to 30 days. Cytotoxicity testing with an osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) indicated that glasses with the higher (20 mol% and 25 mol%) Sr2+ incorporation promoted proliferation of osteoblast cells, while the glasses with lower Sr2+ contents inhibited cell growth. The glass series, except for Ly-B5 (which contained the highest Sr2+ incorporation; 25 mol%), were bacteriostatic against S. aureus in the short term (1–7 days) as a result of the dissolution products released.
Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Measures for Managing Anxiety in a National Sample of Clinically Anxious Adults
Authors: Lipschitz Jessica M. , Paiva Andrea L. , Redding Colleen A. , Levesque Deborah , Rossi Joseph S. , Weisberg Risa B. , Prochaska James O.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Anxiety is the most common and costly mental illness in the United States. Reducing avoidance is a core element of evidence-based treatments. Past research shows readiness to address avoidance affects outcomes. Investigating avoidance from a transtheoretical model (TTM) perspective could facilitate tailored approaches for individuals with low readiness. This study developed and examined psychometric properties of TTM measures for addressing anxiety-based avoidance.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:

Community centers, online survey.

Participants:

Five hundred ninety-four individuals aged 18 to 70 with clinically significant anxiety.

Measures:

Overall Anxiety Severity Questionnaire, stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy.

Analysis:

The sample was randomly split into halves for principal component analyses (PCAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to test measurement models. Further analyses examined relationships between constructs.

Results:

For decisional balance, PCA indicated two 5-item factors (pros and cons). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 2-factor correlated model, Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square [Formula: see text], comparative fit index (CFI = 0.94), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.07), pros: α = 0.87, ρ = 0.87, cons: α = 0.75, and ρ = 0.75. For self-efficacy, PCA indicated one 6-item factor supported by CFA, [Formula: see text], P < .01, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.09, α = 0.90, ρ = 0.87. As hypothesized, significant cross-stage differences were observed for pros and self-efficacy, and significant relationships between anxiety severity and pros, cons, and self-efficacy were found.

Conclusion:

Findings show strong psychometric properties and support the application of a readiness-based model to anxiety. In contrast to findings of other behaviors, cons remain high in action and maintenance. These measures provide a solid empirical foundation to develop TTM-tailored interventions to enhance engagement in treatment.
Rocking vibration and dynamic characteristics of a two-stage spur and bevel gear transmitting system
Authors: Yan Haiyan , Chen Siyu , Tang Jinyuan
Published: September 2016

In this study, theoretical analysis is performed in order to investigate the nonlinear vibration response of the two-stage spur and straight bevel gears transmitting system. The system dynamic model of the transmitting system is considered in detail. The tooth contact analysis results are obtained through calculation and the dynamic model with time-varying stiffness, and backlash for both gear pair is built. The natural frequencies, mode shapes, and critical speed for the transmitting system with gyroscopic effects are calculated. The results show that the whirling motion due to the second shaft may be the main factor of vibration for the transmitting system and the lateral–torsional–axial vibration dominate the overall system vibration. Many critical characteristics cannot be represented in the transmission error, especially when the rocking and other freedoms are considered in the gear transmitting system. The rocking motion will be excited due to the coupled effect of bevel gear pair, which may be also the reason for the catastrophic damage of the thin web spur gear.
Emotions in “Black and White” or Shades of Gray? How We Think About Emotion Shapes Our Perception and Neural Representation of Emotion
Authors: Satpute Ajay B. , Nook Erik C. , Narayanan Sandhya , Shu Jocelyn , Weber Jochen , Ochsner Kevin N.
Published: September 2016

The demands of social life often require categorically judging whether someone’s continuously varying facial movements express “calm” or “fear,” or whether one’s fluctuating internal states mean one feels “good” or “bad.” In two studies, we asked whether this kind of categorical, “black and white,” thinking can shape the perception and neural representation of emotion. Using psychometric and neuroimaging methods, we found that (a) across participants, judging emotions using a categorical, “black and white” scale relative to judging emotions using a continuous, “shades of gray,” scale shifted subjective emotion perception thresholds; (b) these shifts corresponded with activity in brain regions previously associated with affective responding (i.e., the amygdala and ventral anterior insula); and (c) connectivity of these regions with the medial prefrontal cortex correlated with the magnitude of categorization-related shifts. These findings suggest that categorical thinking about emotions may actively shape the perception and neural representation of the emotions in question.
The adoption and use of social media as a source of information by Egyptian government journalists
Authors: Mansour Essam
Published: September 2016

This study explores the adoption and use of social media as a source of information by Egyptian government journalists. It applied a survey with a total of 386 journalists representing the three official newspapers of Egypt. Findings showed that 27.2% of journalists were found to not use social media, mainly males (69.7%), older than 40 years (77.7%) and mostly with a BA degree (80.4%). On the other hand, 72.8% of them who were found to use these platforms were also males (59.1%), younger than 40 years (65.9%) and mostly with a BA degree (93.2%). More than two-thirds (69.9%) were somewhat old users whose experience ranged from seven to ten years, and more than two-thirds (73.5%) have been using these platforms heavily (four to more than six hours a day). Such results confirm that a large number (95.7%) of users were found to be at least advanced users. Social media users’ home and work were the most significant places to access these platforms, which were found to be easy to use and useful. Most types of social media used were social news, media sharing and micro blogging, blogs comments and forums, social networking sites and bookmarking sites to perform tasks, such as finding information, communicating, keeping up to date, checking materials, sharing information and taking part in discussions. A large number of users tend to accept these media platforms as a source of information since they are accessible, have linked references, are updated sources, are accurate, promote current work, are convenient, secured, credible, reliable, stable, easily identified, copyrighted, build confidence and contain filtered information. However, lack of know-how to cite sources, lack of time needed to access social media, lack of credibility of the news source and lack of quality of information sources were at least significant to journalists when using social media platforms.
Experiencing post-socialism: Running and urban space in Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Barnfield Andrew
Published: September 2016

This article suggests that cities in Central and Eastern Europe should be understood as developing and interacting with their own unique character and challenges on their own terms. In providing an account of embodied and everyday activities, this paper challenges the conception of a decline in public-oriented acts and affordances understood via the notion of post-socialist privatism. In doing so this paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork of recreational running; an underutilised tool for urban analysis. Despite the growing interest in recreational running amongst urban scholars, engaging with the practice has remained largely neglected within research on the post-socialist cities of Central and Eastern Europe. This paper uses a case study of two recreational running clubs from Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, offering a discussion of everyday experience, public life and urban space. This case study combines participant observation and in-depth qualitative interviews with runners and club organisers to complicate the idea of post-socialist cities as places defined by the decline of public sensibilities and a single conception of the post-socialist condition.
How can ‘smart’ also be socially sustainable? Insights from the case of Milan
Authors: Trivellato Benedetta
Published: September 2016

This paper contributes to the literature on social sustainability in urban governance, with a focus on how this concept may be integrated into a Smart City strategy, so that excessive enthusiasm for smart technologies does not lead to neglect of the social implications of certain policies or programmes. By relying on a case study-based analysis, this work explores the path followed by the municipal government of Milan, and shows that integration of social sustainability into the Smart City strategy can be pursued by focusing both on the ‘content’ and the ‘process’ of strategy building. Rather than playing a strong leadership role, the planning department on the internal front and the entire municipality on the external front have chosen a role based on co-creation with citizens and other relevant stakeholders. The benefits of this approach may include the bottom-up character of several projects, better responsiveness and greater opportunities for different categories of actors; the drawbacks may include greater difficulty in ensuring that certain objective are reached (e.g. in terms of fairness and representativeness) and a higher risk of the dispersion of resources. This case also points to the difficulty of assessing the social sustainability of multiple rather than individual projects and programmes combined in a Smart City strategy: projects may reinforce each other in their social impact, or otherwise hinder possible benefits; also, a municipality may choose a combination of smart projects and programmes that attach different weights to economic, environmental and social sustainability objectives.
Developing the Evidence Base in Pediatric Oncology Nursing Practice for Promoting Health-Related Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Cantrell Mary Ann , Conte Teresa M. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ruble Kathy , Herth Kaye , Shad Aziza , Canino Alyssa
Published: September 2016

Research has shown that self-esteem and hopefulness are positively related among female childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and contribute to their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL remains a significant outcome of treatment for CCS. This study examined the relationships among self-esteem, hopefulness, and HRQOL in young adult female CCS to inform the development of evidence-based practice guidelines for pediatric oncology nursing practice. An online survey was conducted with a sample of young adult female CCS from 58 treatment centers across the United States at 4 time points: at baseline and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after initial measurement time. The relationships between self-esteem, hopefulness, and HRQOL were statistically significant (Time 1, P = .05; Times 2, 3, and 4, P = .01) across all measurement times. These findings identify hopefulness and self-esteem as determinants of HRQOL and suggest that caring practices among pediatric oncology nurses that support psychosocial adjustment through promoting self-esteem and hopefulness have the potential to support HRQOL among young adult female CCS. These outcomes support the development of evidence-based practice guidelines to influence HRQOL outcomes among these survivors.
Organizational Settlements
Authors: Schildt Henri , Perkmann Markus
Published: September 2016

Research on hybrid organizations and institutional complexity commonly depicts the presence of multiple logics within organizations as an exceptional situation. In this article, we argue that all organizations routinely adhere to multiple institutional logics. Institutional complexity only arises episodically, when organizations embrace a newly salient logic. We propose two concepts to develop this insight. First, we suggest the notion of organizational settlement to refer to the way in which organizations durably incorporate multiple logics. Second, we define organizational hybridization as a change process whereby organizations abandon their existing organizational settlement and transition to a new one, incorporating a newly salient logic. Overall, we propose a shift in attention from the exceptionality of hybrid configurations of multiple logics toward exploring the dynamics of transitions from one state of complexity to another.
Damage-fragmentation transition: Size effect and scaling behavior for impact fragmentation of slender projectiles
Authors: Mastilovic Sreten
Published: September 2016

The focus of the present article is on the size effect of a transition region from the damaged to the fragmented phase in impact-induced breakup of a slender projectile. Molecular dynamics simulations of the classic ballistic Taylor test are performed with a simple generic model to explore an extended low-energy range. In the simulation setup, flat-ended, monocrystalline, nanoscale projectiles, with a fixed aspect ratio but 10 different diameters, collide perpendicularly with a rough rigid wall. With gradually increasing impact energy, a non-negligible projectile disintegration eventually takes place and is identified with the damage-fragmentation phase transition. These atomistic simulations offer an indispensable tool to gain an insight into damage evolution in the neighborhood of the damage-fragmentation transition resulting in the occurrence of fragmentation at the critical point. A finite size scaling analysis of the average fragment mass is carried out to determine critical exponents and dependence of the critical striking velocity upon the slender projectile’s diameter.
Biomechanical Analysis of Stability of Posterior Antiglide Plating in Osteoporotic Pronation Abduction Ankle Fracture Model With Posterior Tibial Fragment
Authors: Hartwich Kathleen , Lorente Gomez Alejandro , Pyrc Jaroslaw , Gut Radosław , Rammelt Stefan , Grass René
Published: September 2016

Background:

We performed a biomechanical comparison of 2 methods for operative stabilization of pronation-abduction stage III ankle fractures; group 1: Anterior-posterior lag screws fixing the posterior tibial fragment and lateral fibula plating (LSLFP) versus group 2: locked plate fixation of the posterior tibial fragment and posterior antiglide plate fixation of the fibula (LPFP).

Methods:

Seven pairs of fresh-frozen osteoligamentous lower leg specimens (2 male, and 5 female donors) were used for the biomechanical testing. Bone mineral density (BMD) of each specimen was assessed by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. After open transection of the deltoid ligament, an osteotomy model of pronation abduction stage III ankle fracture was created. Specimens were systematically assigned to LSLFP (group 1, left ankles) or LPPFP (group 2, right ankles). After surgery, all specimens were evaluated via CT to verify reduction and fixation. Axial load was then applied onto each specimen using a servohydraulic testing machine starting from 0 N (Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany) at a speed of 10 N/s with the foot fixed in a 10 degrees pronation and 15 degrees dorsiflexion position. Construct stiffness, yield, and ultimate strength were measured and dislocation patterns were documented with a high-speed camera. The normal distribution of all data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test. The group comparison was performed using paired Student t test. Statistical significance was assumed at a P value of .05.

Results:

All specimens had BMD values consistent with osteoporosis. BMD values did not differ between the left and right ankles of the same pair ( P = .762). The mean BMD values between feet of men (0.603 g/cm2) and women (0.329 g/cm2) were statistically different ( P = .005). The ultimate strength for LSLFP (group 1) with 1139 ± 669 N and LPPFP (group 2) with 2008 ± 943 N was statistically different ( P = .036) as well as the yield in LSLFP (group 1) 812 ± 452 N and LPPFD (group 2) 1292 ± 625 N ( P = .016). Construct stiffness trended to be higher in group 2 (179 ± 100 kNn) compared to group 1 (127 ± 73 kN/m) but this difference was not statistically significant ( P = .120). BMD correlated with bone-construct failure.

Conclusion:

Fixation of the posterior tibial edge with a posterolateral locking plate resulted in higher biomechanical stability than anterior-posterior lag screw fixation in an osteoporotic pronation-abduction fracture model.

Clinical Relevance:

The clinical implication of this biomechanical study is that the posterior antiglide plating might be advantageous in patients with osteoporotic pronation abduction stage III ankle fracture.
Optimal bounded noisy feedback control for damping random vibrations
Authors: Bratus Alexander , Yegorov Ivan , Yurchenko Daniil
Published: September 2016

We consider a stochastic optimal feedback control problem for a single-degree-of-freedom vibrational system, where uncertainty is described by two independent noises. The first of them is induced by the control actions and called internal, whereas the second one acts externally. The drift vector also depends on the control function. The set of pointwise control constraints is assumed to be bounded. The minimization functional is taken as the mean system response energy. The Cauchy problem for the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation without the control constraints is first investigated. This allows us to find the sought-for feedback control strategy in a specific domain of the space of state and time variables. Then a proper extension to the remaining parts of the space is constructed, and the optimality of the resulting global feedback control strategy is proved. The obtained control law is compared with the dry friction and saturated viscous friction control laws.
The Impact of Election Campaigns on the Nationalization of Voting Behavior in Local Elections: A Case Study of the Antwerp Local Election Campaign
Authors: Lefevere Jonas
Published: September 2016

Nonnational elections are at least partially determined by factors pertaining to the national level, which is problematic for the democratic functioning of these nonnational policy levels. Recent scholarly work has begun examining the impact of the election campaign on voters’ tendency to vote “nationally". However, these studies focus almost exclusively on European Union (EU) elections, and their findings may not be generalizable to other contexts. Moreover, they assume campaigns affect all voters similarly. In contrast, this study examines whether campaigns affect voters’ tendency to vote nationally in a local election, and whether partisan preferences condition the effect. These expectations are tested using panel survey data and a media content analysis collected during the 2012 Antwerp local election campaign. The results indicate that the campaign affected voters, making local considerations more important. However, the impact was conditional upon voters’ partisan preferences: When a party put more emphasis on the national context, voters preferring that party became more likely to rely on national considerations throughout the campaign.
Pharmacologic management of myelofibrosis
Authors: Leung Michael , Highsmith Kaitlin , Rexwinkle Amber
Published: September 2016

Myelofibrosis is a BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal hematopoiesis. Alterations to the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway result in dysregulation of gene transcription and cell proliferation. Patients with symptomatic myelofibrosis present with a variety of signs and symptoms including, but not limited to myelosuppression, marked splenomegaly, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and blood transfusion-dependence. Traditional myelosuppressive therapies including hydroxyurea, azacitidine, and cladribine aim to reduce constitutional symptoms and control the burden of disease. Immunomodulators can potentially reverse anemia associated with myelofibrosis, but are poorly tolerated by most patients. The novel Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor, ruxolitinib, has demonstrated marked improvements to constitutional symptoms and splenomegaly. While survival benefit has not yet been demonstrated, continued research into pharmacologic management of myelofibrosis offers the promise of altering the course of disease progression.
Modal analysis of laminates by a mixed assumed-strain finite element model
Authors: Cazzani Antonio , Rizzi Nicola Luigi , Stochino Flavio , Turco Emilio
Published: September 2016

Fibre-reinforced plates and shells are finding an increasing interest in engineering applications; in most cases dynamic phenomena need to be taken into account. Consequently, effective and robust computational tools are sought in order to provide reliable results for the analysis of such structural models. In this paper the mixed assumed-strain laminated plate element, previously used for static analyses, has been extended to the dynamic realm. This model is derived within the framework of the so-called First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). What is peculiar in this assumed-strain finite element is that in-plane strain components are modeled directly; the corresponding stress components are deduced via constitutive law. By enforcing the equilibrium equations for each lamina, and taking continuity requirements into account, the out-of-plane shear stresses are computed and, finally, constitutive law provides the corresponding strains. The resulting global strain field depends only on a fixed number of parameters, regardless of the total number of layers. Since the proposed element is not locking-prone, even in the thin plate limit, and provides an accurate description of inter-laminar stresses, an extension to the dynamic range seems to be particularly attractive. The same kinematic assumptions will lead to the formulation of a consistent mass matrix. The element, developed in this way, has been extensively tested for several symmetric lamination sequences; comparison with available analytical solutions and with numerical results obtained by refined 3-D models are also presented.
Application of bacteriocin RC20975 in apple juice
Authors: Pei Jinjin , Yue Tianli , Jin Wengang
Published: September 2016

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is one of the most spoilage-causing bacteria in fruit juices. In this paper, controlling A. acidoterrestris in apple juice by bacteriocin RC20975 was described. Twenty-one strains of A. acidoterrestris were used to investigate the activity spectrum of bacteriocin RC20975 in apple juice with the result that 16 strains were sensitive . The ratio of activity in apple juice to the activity in laboratory medium was 42%. The reduction of antimicrobial activity in apple juice might be due to problems related to its interaction with food components. Adsorption of bacteriocin RC20975 to A. acidoterrestris cells varied according to the strains and the testing conditions (pH and temperatures). In an acid environment (pH 3 and pH 5), the adsorption was higher than that of the neutral environment. Dynamic model of killing bacteria was built under the condition of different temperatures with the addition of bacteriocin. Electron microscopy examination of vegetative cells revealed substantial cell damage and bacterial lysis after bacteriocin treatment. Although the endospores could not be killed, the addition of bacteriocin RC20975 contributed to the reduction of the thermal resistance of A. acidoterrestris spores in apple juice. In sum, bacteriocin RC20975 was proved to have a good effect on killing A. acidoterrestris in apple juice.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in neuromyelitis optica patients hospitalized for acute relapse
Authors: Farber Rebecca Straus , Gross Robert , Zakin Elina , Fabian Michelle
Published: September 2016

Background:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients may be at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) not only due to ambulatory disability but also due to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms altering the hemostatic balance.

Objective:

To compare the risk of VTE in NMOSD versus multiple sclerosis (MS) patients hospitalized for acute relapses.

Methods:

Hospital admissions for MS or NMOSD exacerbations were retrospectively identified. Demographics and medical history were recorded. The relationship between visit diagnosis and presence of VTE within 6 weeks of relapse onset was assessed by univariate logistic regression. A multivariate model evaluated the relationship between diagnosis, age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), disease modifying therapy use, oral corticosteroid use, oral contraceptive use, smoking, length of stay (LOS), and ambulatory status on VTE risk.

Results:

A total of 30 NMOSD patients had 55 hospitalizations; 179 MS patients had 264 hospitalizations. Six NMOSD patients and one MS patient had VTE. NMOSD visits compared to MS visits had an odds ratio (OR) of VTE of 32.2 ( p = 0.002). NMOSD was more likely to be associated with VTE (OR = 17.4; p = 0.01) controlling for age, LOS, and ambulatory disability.

Conclusion:

NMOSD may be a risk factor for VTE. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm this risk and determine implications for prophylaxis.
Treatment satisfaction of home-based telehealth versus in-person delivery of prolonged exposure for combat-related PTSD in veterans
Authors: Gros Daniel F , Lancaster Cynthia Luethcke , López Cristina M , Acierno Ron
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Although there is growing support that evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) delivered in-person and through telehealth are equivalent in terms of symptom reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there has been far less investigation comparing these treatment modalities in terms of patient satisfaction. The present study investigated participant satisfaction and perception of the quality of service delivery within a clinical trial comparing the delivery of an EBP, Prolonged Exposure (PE) for PTSD, through home-based telehealth and in-person services.

Methods

Veterans ( N = 67) with PTSD were randomized to receive PE via video telehealth technology ( n = 27) or via in-person delivery ( n = 40). Participants completed service demographic questions, PTSD symptom assessments, and satisfaction and service delivery perception questionnaires.

Results

Analyses of covariance were used to investigate the influence of treatment modality on patient satisfaction and perceived quality of service delivery, while controlling for demographics and PTSD symptoms. No differences were observed on the majority of measures, with the exception of participants in the telehealth condition endorsing willingness to drive further for telehealth services as compared with participants in the in-person condition.

Discussion

Findings illustrate participant satisfaction and acceptance of EBPs delivered via telehealth at a level consistent with that of in-person services. Preliminary findings suggest that the experience of receiving telehealth services may be associated with increased willingness to participate in telehealth services again. Together, these findings of patient satisfaction and acceptance of telehealth services support the ongoing delivery of EBPs via telehealth as well as their future expansion.
Property owners’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: Comparing coastal and mountain counties
Authors: Hao Huili , Kline Carol , Long Patrick , Rassel Gary
Published: September 2016

This study explored factors influencing property owners’ attitudes toward tourism development in two very different counties in North Carolina: one coastal (n = 854) and one in the mountains (n = 619). Attitudes toward the impact of tourism and sustainable tourism development were compared for permanent and second-home residents and between the two counties. Findings include the fact that 22% of property owners in the coast and 12.8% of property owners in the mountains thought that the impact of tourism in their community was such that they wished they lived or owned property elsewhere. Permanent homeowners were more likely than second homeowners to have this opinion. Second homeowners in both counties perceived that they had little or no influence over tourism-related issues, a perception stronger in the coastal county than mountain.
Avoiding the tragedy of (un)common knowledge: reflections on conducting qualitative criminological research in conservation science
Authors: Moreto William D
Published: September 2016

The interdisciplinary nature of conservation science has generated much discussion. Previous scholars have highlighted the lack of mutual understanding between the natural and social sciences in terms of theoretical knowledge and methodological practices. Due to this, the potential for the ‘tragedy of (un)common knowledge’ may hinder interdisciplinary scholarship within conservation science. While others have provided valuable insight on the scholarly and pedagogic challenges associated with interdisciplinary research, there has been little dialogue on the methodological components. Based on an ethnographic study on law enforcement rangers in a protected area in Uganda, this article provides key reflections on entrée, forming trust and rapport, establishing an identity, and data collection. It is argued that such methodological transparency will help foster dialogue between the natural and social sciences, while displaying the central role of qualitative methods in facilitating interdisciplinary research.
Motion control for a walking companion robot with a novel human–robot interface
Authors: Lv Yunqi , Gao Xueshan , Dai Fuquan , Liu Yubai , Shahzad Adil , Zhao Jun , Zhang Tong
Published: September 2016

A walking companion robot is presented for rehabilitation from dyskinesia of lower limbs in this article. A new human–robot interface (HRI) is designed which adopts one-axis force sensor and potentiometer connector to detect the motion of the user. To accompany in displacement and angle between the user and the robot precisely in real time, the common motions are classified into two elemental motion states. With distinction method of motion states, a classification scheme of motion control is adopted. The mathematical model-based control method is first introduced and the corresponding control systems are built. Due to the unavoidable deviation of the mathematical model-based control method, a force control method is proposed and the corresponding control systems are built. The corresponding simulations demonstrate that the efficiency of the two proposed control methods. The experimental data and paths of robot verify the two control methods and indicate that the force control method can better satisfy the user’s requirements.
Regulation of the IL-10-driven macrophage phenotype under incoherent stimuli
Authors: Chuang Yishan , Hung Michelle E , Cangelose Brianne K , Leonard Joshua N
Published: September 2016

Macrophages are ubiquitous innate immune cells that play a central role in health and disease by adopting distinct phenotypes, which are broadly divided into classical inflammatory responses and alternative responses that promote immune suppression and wound healing. Although macrophages are attractive therapeutic targets, incomplete understanding of this functional choice limits clinical manipulation. While individual stimuli, pathways, and genes involved in macrophage functional responses have been identified, how macrophages evaluate complex in vivo milieus comprising multiple divergent stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we used combinations of “incoherent” stimuli—those that individually promote distinct macrophage phenotypes—to elucidate how the immunosuppressive, IL-10-driven macrophage phenotype is induced, maintained, and modulated under such combinatorial stimuli. The IL-10-induced immunosuppressive phenotype was largely insensitive to co-administered IL-12, which has been reported to modulate macrophage phenotype, but maintaining the immunosuppressive phenotype required sustained exposure to IL-10. Our data implicate the intracellular protein, BCL3, as a key mediator of the IL-10-driven phenotype. Notably, co-administration of IFN-γ disrupted an IL-10-mediated positive feedback loop that may reinforce the immunosuppressive phenotype. This novel combinatorial perturbation approach thus generated new insights into macrophage decision making and local immune network function.