bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistence of pain and suffering in cancer patients: challenges of pain management from the perspective of nurses
Authors: Mangolian Shahrbabaki Parvin , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Khabbazzadeh Fatemeh
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Cancer patients often experience pain, which can greatly reduce their quality of life. It affects their emotions, cognitive function, and daily interactions. Healthcare providers need to understand the obstacles to pain management to create helpful programs for patients and families. This study focuses on Iranian nurses' views on pain management barriers in cancer patients.

Methods

The study utilized a qualitative content analysis method with a purposive sampling approach, involving 27 nurses. Participants were selected to ensure a wide range of perspectives and experiences by considering factors such as gender, age, work experience, education levels, and positions until data saturation was achieved. Inclusion criteria specified a minimum of six months of oncology ward experience and a bachelor's degree or higher in nursing. Nurses with less than six months of oncology experience or lacking a nursing degree were excluded. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Lundman and Granheim's qualitative content analysis method.

Results

One main theme, four main categories, and nine subcategories in the study reflected the nurses' experiences and viewpoints about barriers to pain management. These categories included the marginalization of complementary medicine, medical malpractice, inadequate organizational infrastructure, and personal barriers.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the barriers to pain management in cancer patients were complex. To improve patients' comfort and quality of life, it is important to identify and address issues from different angles. It is crucial to train patients and healthcare providers in pain management and to address weaknesses in the healthcare system.
A qualitative analysis of parents’ experiences while their neonates with congenital heart disease require intensive care
Authors: Catapano Francesca , Steinwurtzel Rochelle , Parravicini Elvira , Wool Charlotte
Published: September 2024

Objective

To better understand the experience of parents with neonates with congenital heart diseases (CHD) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in order to identify challenges faced by parents and discover support strategies helpful in positive coping.

Study design

Prospective cohort study of parents of neonates with CHD. Parents completed a questionnaire with open ended questions regarding their experience and feeling during the hospitalization within one week of the child discharge from the NICU. Krippendorff's content analysis was used to examine data.

Results

Sixty-four parents participated. Three themes were highlighted – Dialectical parental experiences, Suboptimal Parental Experiences and Positive Parental Experiences – describing the state of being and feelings that these parents face. Through this analysis, we were able to develop clinical considerations and identify coping strategies.

Conclusion

The understanding of parental experience and challenges when dealing with their child admitted in the NICU is crucial to identify coping strategies to promote adaptation and enhance the development of positive coping mechanisms.
Licoricesaponin G2 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via targeting TNF-α signaling pathway and inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Ma Jing , Ding Lu , Zang Xiaoyu , Wei Ruonan , Yang Yingying , Zhang Wei , Su Hang , Li Xueyan , Li Min , Sun Jun , Zhang Zepeng , Wang Zeyu , Zhao Daqing , Li Xiangyan , Zhao Linhua , Tong Xiaolin
Published: September 2024

Background

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) emerges as a significant pulmonary sequelae in the convalescent phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with current strategies neither specifically preventive nor therapeutic. Licoricesaponin G2 (LG2) displays a spectrum of natural activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and has been effectively used in treating various respiratory conditions. However, the potential protective effects of LG2 against PF remain underexplored.

Methods

Network analysis and molecular docking were conducted in combination to identify the core targets and pathways through which LG2 acts against PF. In the model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced C57 mice and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced A549 and MRC5 cells, techniques such as western blot (WB), quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence (IF), and Transwell migration assays were utilized to analyze the expression of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation proteins. Based on the analysis above, we identified targets and potential mechanisms underlying LG2’s effects against PF.

Results

Network analysis has suggested that the mechanism by which LG2 combats PF may involve the TNF-α pathway. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated a high binding affinity of LG2 to TNF-α and MMP9. Observations from the study indicated that LG2 may mitigate PF by modulating EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. It is proposed that the therapeutic effect is likely arises from the inhibition of inflammatory expression through regulation of the TNF-α pathway.

Conclusion

LG2 mitigates PF by suppressing TNF-α signaling pathway activation, modulating EMT, and remodeling the ECM. These results provide compelling evidence supporting the use of LG2 as a potential natural therapeutic agent for PF in clinical trials.
From crop left-overs to nutrient resource: growth-stimulating potential of biochar in nutrient solutions for wheat soilless cultivation systems
Authors: Kunnen Kris , Ali Md Muntasir , Lataf Amine , Van Hees May , Nauts Robin , Horemans Nele , Vandamme Dries , Cuypers Ann
Published: September 2024

To reach the estimated food demands for 2050 in decreasingly suiting climates, current agricultural techniques have to be complemented by sustainably intensified practices. The current study repurposed wheat crop residues into biochar, and investigated its potential in different plant cultivation systems, including a hydroponic cultivation of wheat. Biochars resulting from varying pyrolysis parameters including feedstock composition (straw and chaff) and temperature (450°C and 600°C), were tested using a fast plant screening method. Biochar WBC450, produced from a combination of chaff and straw at 450°C, was selected for further plant experiments, and used in a static leaching experiment in the Arabidopsis thaliana cultivation medium. Increased pH and EC were observed, together with an increase of most macronutrient (K, Mg, P, S) and a decrease of most micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn) concentrations. Considering plant growth, application of biochar resulted in concentration-dependent effects in both tested plant species (A. thaliana and wheat). It improved the vegetative yield across all tested cultivation systems. Increases in K and S, and concentration-dependent decreases in Fe and Na content in wheatgrass were observed. Biochar influenced the reproduction of hydroponically cultivated wheat by increasing the number of spikes and the number of seeds per spike. The antioxidative capacity of wheat grass, and the seed sugar and starch contents remained unaffected by biochar application. This study contributes to innovation in soilless cultivation approaches of staple crops, within the framework of closing waste loops for a circular bioeconomy.
Multi-stage tomato fruit recognition method based on improved YOLOv8
Authors: Fu Yuliang , Li Weiheng , Li Gang , Dong Yuanzhi , Wang Songlin , Zhang Qingyang , Li Yanbin , Dai Zhiguang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In the field of facility agriculture, the accurate identification of tomatoes at multiple stages has become a significant area of research. However, accurately identifying and localizing tomatoes in complex environments is a formidable challenge. Complex working conditions can impair the performance of conventional detection techniques, underscoring the necessity for more robust methods.

Methods

To address this issue, we propose a novel model of YOLOv8-EA for the localization and identification of tomato fruit. The model incorporates a number of significant enhancements. Firstly, the EfficientViT network replaces the original YOLOv8 backbone network, which has the effect of reducing the number of model parameters and improving the capability of the network to extract features. Secondly, some of the convolutions were integrated into the C2f module to create the C2f-Faster module, which facilitates the inference process of the model. Third, the bounding box loss function was modified to SIoU, thereby accelerating model convergence and enhancing detection accuracy. Lastly, the Auxiliary Detection Head (Aux-Head) module was incorporated to augment the network's learning capacity.

Result

The accuracy, recall, and average precision of the YOLOv8-EA model on the self-constructed dataset were 91.4%, 88.7%, and 93.9%, respectively, with a detection speed of 163.33 frames/s. In comparison to the baseline YOLOv8n network, the model weight was increased by 2.07 MB, and the accuracy, recall, and average precision were enhanced by 10.9, 11.7, and 7.2 percentage points, respectively. The accuracy, recall, and average precision increased by 10.9, 11.7, and 7.2 percentage points, respectively, while the detection speed increased by 42.1%. The detection precision for unripe, semi-ripe, and ripe tomatoes was 97.1%, 91%, and 93.7%, respectively. On the public dataset, the accuracy, recall, and average precision of YOLOv8-EA are 91%, 89.2%, and 95.1%, respectively, and the detection speed is 1.8 ms, which is 4, 4.21, and 3.9 percentage points higher than the baseline YOLOv8n network. This represents an 18.2% improvement in detection speed, which demonstrates good generalization ability.

Discussion

The reliability of YOLOv8-EA in identifying and locating multi-stage tomato fruits in complex environments demonstrates its efficacy in this regard and provides a technical foundation for the development of intelligent tomato picking devices.
Utilizing digital technologies to promote well-being in university students: the ‘DigiWell’ research protocol
Authors: Ruini Chiara , Vescovelli Francesca , Cesarano Valentina Paola , De Angelis Grazia , De Marco Erika , De Marco Elisabetta Lucia , Galeazzi Gian Maria , Pira Giorgio Li , Pingani Luca , Limone Pierpaolo
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the well-being of university students, particularly those in healthcare and medical programs. Psychological interventions rooted in positive psychology have proven effective in enhancing mental health, with online and digital delivery methods proving to be equally viable. This study aims to enhance mental health among Italian university students through digital interventions, including virtual reality, utilizing a stepped care approach. Specific objectives include implementing online positive interventions for students experiencing mild distress (DigiWell_Step 1), evaluating a Virtual-Reality intervention for moderate distress (DigiWell_Step 2), and identifying students experiencing high distress or optimal well-being. Cluster analyses and linear models will assess intervention outcomes. It is anticipated that students undergoing these steps will experience significant improvements in well-being and distress reduction, with sustained benefits at a three-month follow-up. This research contributes to understanding the efficacy of mental health interventions for university students, leveraging digital technologies to enhance accessibility and user engagement. The integration of digital technologies enhances the cost-effectiveness and engagement of interventions delivered through a stepped care approach tailored to the targeted population.
Cardiovascular risk assessment using non-laboratory based WHO CVD risk prediction chart with respect to hypertension status among older Indian adults: insights from nationally representative survey
Authors: Mamgai Anshul , Halder Pritam , Behera Ashish , Goel Kapil , Pal Saumyarup , Amudhamozhi K. S. , Sharma Divya , Kiran Tanvi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Knowledge of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the population is an important risk management strategy for the prevention of this disease. This is especially true for India, which has resource-restrained settings with an increased risk in a younger population for the development of the disease. An important modifiable risk factor for CVD is hypertension, with its influence on the development of CVD.

Methods

The data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) was used to calculate the 10-year CVD Risk Score among older adults ≥45 years using a WHO (2019) non-laboratory- based chart for South Asia. Univariate analysis was done using Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariable analysis using ordinal logistic regression. Categories of CVD risk score were considered as dependent variable. Socio-demographic variables, regular exercise, history of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were considered as the independent variables. Relationship between CVD Risk score and hypertensives and self-reported hypertensives were presented using restricted cubic splines.

Result

Two-thirds (68.8%) of the population had a 10-year CVD risk of <10, and 2.8% had a risk of ≥20%. The self-reported hypertensives were distributed linearly in restricted cubic splines, with a more scattered distribution in higher scores, while actual hypertensives showed a sigmoid pattern. Urban residents (OR-0.88), being unmarried (OR-0.86), being in the richer (OR-0.94) and richest (OR-0.86) monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) quintile and exercising regularly (OR-0.68) decreased the odds of being in a higher CVD risk score. Less than primary schooling (1.21) and diabetics (1.69) had higher odds for a higher CVD risk score.

Conclusion

In this population, two-thirds had <10% risk for the development of CVD. The study shows a higher risk among rural, poor, and those with a lower education and lower CVD risk for those undertaking physical activity. The sigmoid pattern in actual hypertensives highlights the need for early detection. Even those with undiagnosed hypertension but with a higher BP had a similar risk for disease development, thus highlighting the need for an early detection of hypertension.
Disease burden and attributable risk factors of lip and oral cavity cancer in China from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction to 2031
Authors: Yu Zhengrong , Ma Xiangming , Xiao Hanyu , Chen Yihong , Wu Yuhang , He Jing , Cheng Peiyu
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study addresses the essential need for updated information on the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) in China for informed healthcare planning. We aim to estimate the temporal trends and the attributable burdens of selected risk factors of LOC in China (1990–2021), and to predict the possible trends (2022–2031).

Subject and methods

Analysis was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021, encompassing six key metrics: incidence, mortality, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs). Absolute number and age-standardized rates, alongside 95% uncertainty intervals, were computed. Forecasting of disease burden from 2022 to 2031 was performed using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.

Results

Over the observed period (1990–2021), there were notable increases in the number of deaths (142.2%), incidence (283.7%), prevalence (438.0%), DALYs (109.2%), YLDs (341.2%), and YLLs (105.1%). Age-standardized rates demonstrated notable changes, showing decreases and increases of −5.8, 57.3, 143.7, −8.9%, 85.8%, and − 10.7% in the respective metrics. The substantial majority of LOC burden was observed among individuals aged 40–79 years, and LOC may exhibit a higher burden among males in China. From 2022 to 2031, the age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of LOC showed upward trends; while mortality, DALYs, and YLLs showed downward trends, and their estimated values were predicted to change to 2.72, 10.47, 1.11, 1.10, 28.52, and 27.43 per 100,000 in 2031, respectively. Notably, tobacco and high alcohol use emerged as predominant risk factors contributing to the burden of LOC.

Conclusion

Between 1990 and 2021, the disability burden from LOC in China increased, while the death burden decreased, and projections suggest these trends will persist over the next decade. A significant portion of this disease burden to modifiable risk factors, specifically tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, predominantly affecting males and individuals aged 40–79 years. Attention to these areas is essential for implementing targeted interventions and reducing the impact of LOC in China.
Changing hearts and minds: theorizing how, when, and under what conditions three social influence implementation strategies work
Authors: Weiner Bryan J. , Meza Rosemary D. , Klasnja Predrag , Lengnick-Hall Rebecca , Buchanan Gretchen J. , Lyon Aaron R. , Mettert Kayne D. , Boynton Marcella H. , Powell Byron J. , Lewis Cara C.
Published: September 2024

Background

Opinion leadership, educational outreach visiting, and innovation championing are commonly used strategies to address barriers to implementing innovations and evidence-based practices in healthcare settings. Despite voluminous research, ambiguities persist in how these strategies work and under what conditions they work well, work poorly, or work at all. The current paper develops middle-range theories to address this gap.

Methods

Conceptual articles, systematic reviews, and empirical studies informed the development of causal pathway diagrams (CPDs). CPDs are visualization tools for depicting and theorizing about the causal process through which strategies operate, including the mechanisms they activate, the barriers they address, and the proximal and distal outcomes they produce. CPDs also clarify the contextual conditions (i.e., preconditions and moderators) that influence whether, and to what extent, the strategy's causal process unfolds successfully. Expert panels of implementation scientists and health professionals rated the plausibility of these preliminary CPDs and offered comments and suggestions on them.

Findings

Theoretically, opinion leadership addresses potential adopters' uncertainty about likely consequences of innovation use (determinant) by promoting positive attitude formation about the innovation (mechanism), which results in an adoption decision (proximal outcome), which leads to innovation use (intermediate outcome). As this causal process repeats, penetration, or spread of innovation use, occurs (distal outcome). Educational outreach visiting addresses knowledge barriers, attitudinal barriers, and behavioral barriers (determinants) by promoting critical thinking and reflection about evidence and practice (mechanism), which results in behavioral intention (proximal outcome), behavior change (intermediate outcome), and fidelity, or guideline adherence (distal outcome). Innovation championing addresses organizational inertia, indifference, and resistance (determinants) by promoting buy-in to the vision, fostering a positive implementation climate, and increasing collective efficacy (mechanisms), which leads to participation in implementation activities (proximal outcome), initial use of the innovation with increasing skill (intermediate outcome) and, ultimately, greater penetration and fidelity (distal outcomes). Experts found the preliminary CPDs plausible or highly plausible and suggested additional mechanisms, moderators, and preconditions, which were used to amend the initial CPD.

Discussion

The middle-range theories depicted in the CPDs furnish testable propositions for implementation research and offer guidance for selecting, designing, and evaluating these social influence implementation strategies in both research studies and practice settings.
Human perceptions of social robot deception behaviors: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Rosero Andres , Dula Elizabeth , Kelly Harris , Malle Bertram F. , Phillips Elizabeth K.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Robots are being introduced into increasingly social environments. As these robots become more ingrained in social spaces, they will have to abide by the social norms that guide human interactions. At times, however, robots will violate norms and perhaps even deceive their human interaction partners. This study provides some of the first evidence for how people perceive and evaluate robot deception, especially three types of deception behaviors theorized in the technology ethics literature: External state deception (cues that intentionally misrepresent or omit details from the external world: e.g., lying), Hidden state deception (cues designed to conceal or obscure the presence of a capacity or internal state the robot possesses), and Superficial state deception (cues that suggest a robot has some capacity or internal state that it lacks).

Methods

Participants (N = 498) were assigned to read one of three vignettes, each corresponding to one of the deceptive behavior types. Participants provided responses to qualitative and quantitative measures, which examined to what degree people approved of the behaviors, perceived them to be deceptive, found them to be justified, and believed that other agents were involved in the robots’ deceptive behavior.

Results

Participants rated hidden state deception as the most deceptive and approved of it the least among the three deception types. They considered external state and superficial state deception behaviors to be comparably deceptive; but while external state deception was generally approved, superficial state deception was not. Participants in the hidden state condition often implicated agents other than the robot in the deception.

Conclusion

This study provides some of the first evidence for how people perceive and evaluate the deceptiveness of robot deception behavior types. This study found that people people distinguish among the three types of deception behaviors and see them as differently deceptive and approve of them differently. They also see at least the hidden state deception as stemming more from the designers than the robot itself.
Oral cancer preventive behaviors in rural women: application of the theory planned behavior
Authors: Mohammadkhah Fatemeh , Kamyab Amirhossein , Khani Jeihooni Ali
Published: September 2024

Background

Oral cancer is becoming a primary concern for non-communicable illnesses and global health care initiatives. Low-income people, people with disabilities, the elderly, residents of detached and rural regions, and people belonging to minority groups bear a greater burden of oral diseases. The purpose of this research is to identify rural women's oral cancer prevention activities using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Methods

The current research is a cross-sectional analysis of 700 female hookah users who were referred to rural health facilities in Fasa and Shiraz, Fars, Iran in 2019–2020. The participants were selected by random sampling method. The TPB questionnaire and a demographic information questionnaires were the data gathering instruments used in this study to assess oral cancer prevention practices among participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using frequency, mean, and standard deviation as descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression as inferential statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data were normal.

Results

The average age of the participants was 44.54 ± 8.72 years, and the average age at which they started hookah was 23.8 ± 28.68 years. The average history of hookah use was 15.8 ± 6.65 years, and the average size of the household in the test group was 4.73 ± 1.16. The average scores of the constructs of the TPB and oral cancer prevention behaviors were average or at a low level, while nicotine addiction was relatively high. The constructs of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intention are significantly correlated with oral cancer prevention behaviors in hookah-user women. There was a significant inverse relationship between nicotine dependence and oral cancer prevention behaviors, and there was a strong link between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, the average scores of the structures of the TPB and oral cancer prevention behaviors were average or at a low level among rural hookah-user women, which indicates the necessity of an educational program based on this theory for rural women to adopt and maintain oral cancer prevention behaviors.
Unraveling the volatile metabolites and potential plant-stimulating properties of organically extracted Caulerpa racemosa
Authors: Lalruatfeli Pachuau , Krishnan Ramanujam , Janaki Ponnusamy , Suganthy Mariappan , Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu , Kalpana Rengabashayam
Published: September 2024

Seaweed is an increasingly recognized source of secondary metabolites with a significant role as a plant biostimulant. With the rising popularity of organic farming, there is a pressing need to investigate the utilization of organic solvents derived from natural sources for seaweed extraction. Understanding the composition of these extracts is crucial for elucidating their role as biostimulants in plant growth. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the phytochemical composition and untargeted metabolomics of four extracts of Caulerpa racemosa (SW), prepared organically using vinegar, fermented buttermilk, and cow urine, in comparison with the conventionally used solvent, water. Approximately 95 volatile metabolites that belong to 22 chemical classes were identified through GC–MS analysis. The major classes detected include benzene and its substituted derivatives (24%), fatty acyls (17%), phenols (12%), benzofurans (8%), organo-oxygen compounds (6%), steroids and steroid derivatives (5%), and indole and its derivatives (4%). A significant shift in the composition of volatile metabolites was observed among the organic extracts as determined through a combination of various statistical analyses. A principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted seven principal components (PCs), which accounted for 99.9% of the total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis delineated two distinct clusters, which signify a clear differentiation among the organic extracts. Furthermore, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) highlighted 49 volatile metabolites of significant importance, evident from variable importance in projection (VIP) scores of more than 1. These results underscore the intricate and distinct metabolomes inherent in Caulerpa racemosa organic extracts, hinting at their potential as biostimulants for plant growth. This study establishes a foundation for deeper investigations into seaweed extraction utilizing easily accessible organic solvents, presenting potential benefits for farmers.
Incidental gallbladder cancer detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: conversion to extensive resection is a feasible choice
Authors: Zeng Di , Wang Yaoqun , Wen Ningyuan , Lu Jiong , Li Bei , Cheng Nansheng
Published: September 2024

Background

Re-resection is recommended for patients with incidental gallbladder carcinoma (iGBC) at T1b stage and above. It is unclear whether continuation of laparoscopic re-resection (CLR) for patients with intraoperatively detected iGBC (IDiGBC) is more beneficial to short- and long-term clinical outcomes than with conversion to radical extensive-resection (RER).

Methods

This single-centre, retrospective cohort study of patients with iGBC was conducted between June 2006 and August 2021. Patients who underwent immediate reresection for T1b or higher ID-iGBC were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the two groups (CLR and RER) of patients, and differences in clinical outcomes before and after matching were analyzed.

Result

A total of 102 patients with ID-iGBC were included in this study. 58 patients underwent CLR, and 44 underwent RER. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 56 patients were matched to all baselines. Patients in the RER group had a lower total postoperative complication rate, lower pulmonary infection rate, and shorter operation time than those in the CLR group did. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients who underwent CLR was significantly lower than that of patients who underwent RER. Multivariate analysis showed that CLR, advanced T stage, lymph node positivity, and the occurrence of postoperative ascites were adverse prognostic factors for the overall survival of patients.

Conclusion

Patients with ID-iGBC who underwent RER had fewer perioperative complications and a better prognosis than those who underwent CLR. For patients with ID-iGBC, conversion to radical extensive-resection appears to be a better choice.
A comparative field efficacy trial of three treatment programs against endo- and ectoparasites in naturally infected dogs
Authors: Raw Cameron , Traub Rebecca J. , Wiethoelter Anke
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Tropical climates in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in northern Australia are conducive to the transmission of canine helminths such as hookworms, as well as ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. In addition to their veterinary importance, these parasites may present a zoonotic risk either directly, or as potential vectors for bacterial pathogens. These factors necessitate efficacious and effective antiparasitic treatment programs for community dogs.

Methods

A cluster-randomised trial was performed on three islands in the Torres Strait to examine the short-term efficacy and medium-term effectiveness of three treatment programs. Treatments administered included oral oxibendazole/praziquantel (Paragard®) and oral afoxolaner (Nexgard®); topical moxidectin/imidacloprid (Advocate®) and imidacloprid/flumethrin collars (Seresto®); and off-label oral ivermectin (Bomectin®). Canine faecal samples were collected and examined for endoparasites by faecal flotation and real-time PCR at baseline, 7–11 days after treatment and 6 months later.

Results

The proportion of dogs positive for Ancylostoma caninum at baseline and negative at day 7–11 was 9% (95% CI 4.4–17.4) for dogs treated with oxibendazole, 56.4% (95% CI 41–70.7) for moxidectin, and 89.7% (95% CI 73.6–96.4) for ivermectin. Faecal flotation results showed a greater than 90% egg reduction in 29.2% (95% CI 19.9–40.5) of dogs treated with oxibendazole, 79.4% (95% CI 63.2–89.7) for moxidectin, and 95% (95% CI 76.4–99.1) for off-label ivermectin. Elimination of ectoparasite infestation was observed at day 7–11 in 69.9% (95% CI 56.7–80.1) of dogs treated with afoxolaner, 80% (95% CI 60.9–91.1) with imidacloprid/flumethrin collars, and 0% (95% CI 0–11.7) for off-label ivermectin. Mixed effects modelling revealed only treatment group to be significantly associated with outcome measures.

Discussion

Based on these study results, the poor efficacy of oxibendazole against A. caninum renders it inept for treatment, while ivermectin and moxidectin were suitable. Ivermectin was unsuitable for ectoparasite treatment due to its poor efficacy, while afoxolaner and imidacloprid/flumethrin collars appear suitable.
Wireless Hybrid-Actuated Soft Miniature Robot for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kim Heera , Lee Kyongsu , Go Gwangjun
Published: September 2024

Wireless soft miniature robots have been studied for biomedical applications. However, the wireless soft miniature robots developed so far are mainly composed of synthetic polymers that do not guarantee biocompatibility and biodegradability. Additionally, current soft robots have limitations in demonstrating mobility in narrow spaces, such as blood vessels within the body, by using their flexible body. This study proposes a wireless hybrid-actuated soft miniature robot for biomedical applications. The proposed soft miniature robot consists of biodegradable chitosan and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and is fabricated into an eight-arm shape by laser micromachining. The soft miniature robot can implement hydrogel swelling and magnetic-actuated shape morphing by using the difference in MNP density and magnetic field responsiveness within the robot body, respectively. Furthermore, the soft miniature robot can be guided by external magnetic fields. As feasibility tests, the soft miniature robot demonstrated on-demand pick-and-place motion, grasping a bead, moving it to a desired location, and releasing it. Furthermore, in an in-channel mobility test, the flexible body of the soft miniature robot passed through a tube smaller in size than the robot itself through magnetically actuated shape morphing. These results indicate that the soft miniature robot with controllable shape change and precise magnetic-driven mobility can be a minimally invasive surgical robot for disease diagnosis and treatment.
From Waste to Value in Circular Economy: Valorizing Grape Pomace Waste through Vermicomposting
Authors: Gabur Georgiana-Diana , Teodosiu Carmen , Fighir Daniela , Cotea Valeriu V. , Gabur Iulian
Published: September 2024

From the vineyard to the bottle, the winemaking process generates a variety of by-products, such as vinasses, spent filter cakes, grape pomace, grape lees, and vine shoots. To avoid damaging the environment and to reduce economic impacts, the by-products and wastes must be handled, disposed of, or recycled properly. This review focuses on an environmentally friendly approach to the management and added value of winemaking by-products, such as grape pomace or grape marc, by using vermicomposting. Vermicompost is a well-known organic fertilizer with potential uses in soil bioremediation and the conservation of soil health. To achieve environmental neutral agriculture practices, vermicomposting is a promising tool for resilient and sustainable viticulture and winemaking. Vermicomposting is a simple, highly beneficial, and waste-free method of converting organic waste into compost with high agronomic value and a sustainable strategy in line with the principles of the circular economy.
Appropriate Soil Fertilization or Drone-Based Foliar Zn Spraying Can Simultaneously Improve Yield and Micronutrient (Particularly for Zn) Nutritional Quality of Wheat Grains
Authors: Gao Xue , Zhao Qiang , Yuan Nuo , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Bin , Zhu Yinghua , Kong Lingan , Wang Zhaohui , Xia Haiyong
Published: September 2024

To better understand the effects of agronomic practices on yield–nutrition relationships in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains for Zn biofortification while improving yields simultaneously, effects of different soil fertilization and different drone-based foliar spraying treatments were investigated in calcareous soils. For soil fertilization, the incorporation of Zn or increasing the N/P ratio in compound fertilizers proved to be effective in enhancing grain Zn concentrations and yields. However, the overall effects of soil fertilization are limited, with a maximal yield increase of only 7.0% and a maximal increase of the grain Zn concentration from 19.4 to 27.0 mg/kg, which is far below the target biofortification value of 40–50 mg/kg. Unfortunately, there was a negative side effect, which decreased Fe and Mn concentrations and the Fe bioavailability. Notably, drone-based foliar Zn sprayings increased grain yields from the control 7.5 t/ha to 8.6 t/ha at ZnO treatment by 12.0% and 8.8 t/ha at ZnSO4·7H2O treatment by 17.3%. Meanwhile, grain Zn concentrations were increased from the control 33.5 mg/kg to 41.9 mg/kg at ZnO treatment by 25.1% and 43.6 mg/kg at ZnSO4·7H2O treatment by 30.1%. Treatments with ZnSO4·7H2O increased grain Zn concentrations and accumulation more so than ZnO, indicating the importance of chemical Zn forms in determining the effectiveness of foliar spraying. Moreover, foliar Zn sprayings simultaneously increased grain concentrations and accumulation of Fe, Mn and Cu, demonstrating multiple benefits. There were positive correlations between Zn and Fe, Mn or Cu, indicating synergistic interactions. Compared to micronutrients, concentrations of grain macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were less affected. Thus, a dual-benefit in both grain yields and micronutrient (particularly for Zn) nutrition could be effectively achieved through appropriate soil fertilization and foliar Zn spraying. These findings provide a better understanding of the yield–nutrition relationship among wheat grain yields, Zn and other nutrient elements for a better integrated manipulation to achieve a win–win situation in yield and nutrition.
Advancing Leaf Nutritional Characterization of Blueberry Varieties Adapted to Warm Climates Enhanced by Proximal Sensing
Authors: Silva Sérgio H. G. , Berardo Marcelo C. , Rosado Lucas R. , Andrade Renata , Teixeira Anita F. S. , Duarte Mariene H. , Bócoli Fernanda A. , Carneiro Marco A. C. , Curi Nilton
Published: September 2024

Blueberries offer multiple health benefits, and their cultivation has expanded to warm tropical regions. However, references for foliar nutritional content are lacking in the literature. Proximal sensing may enhance nutritional characterization to optimize blueberry production. We aimed (i) to characterize the nutrient contents of healthy plants of three blueberry varieties adapted to warm climates (Emerald, Jewel, and Biloxi) using a reference method for foliar analysis (inductively coupled plasma (ICP)) and a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer on fresh and dry leaves and (ii) to differentiate blueberry varieties based on their nutrient composition. Nutrient content was statistically compared per leaf moisture condition (fresh or dry) with ICP results and used to differentiate the varieties via the random forest algorithm. P and Zn contents (ICP) in leaves were different among varieties. Dry leaf results (pXRF) were strongly correlated with ICP results. Most nutrients determined using ICP presented good correlation with pXRF data (R2 from 0.66 to 0.93). The three varieties were accurately differentiated by pXRF results (accuracy: 87%; kappa: 0.80). Predictions of nutrient contents based on dry leaves analyzed by pXRF outperformed those based on fresh leaves. This approach can also be applied to other crops to facilitate nutrient assessment in leaves.
Influence of Climatic Parameters and Plant Morphological Characters on the Total Anthocyanin Content of Purple Maize (Zea mays L., PMV-581) Cob Core
Authors: Soto-Aquino Víctor , Ignacio-Cárdenas Severo , Japa-Espinoza Anghelo Jhosepp , Campos-Félix Ulda , Ciriaco-Poma Juanita , Campos-Félix Alex , Pantoja-Medina Benancio , Dávalos-Prado Juan Z.
Published: September 2024

In this work, the inter-relationship among 10 morphological characters, 8 climatic parameters and the content of total anthocyanins in the cob core of PMV 581 purple maize, cultivated and produced in three different places in Huanuco–Peru region, has been reported. This study of morphological characters was carried out using standard descriptors, both for the plant and the cob. Data on climatic parameters were obtained from three meteorological stations near the test locations. The total anthocyanin content (Acy), expressed as the glucoside-3-cyanidin concentration, has been determined by the differential pH method. From the statistical treatment of the data obtained, the following descriptors were found to be the most representative, given that they are poorly correlated with each other, but in general, depending on the localities: i/ (morphological) grain weight per cob GWC, plant length PL and cob core weight CCW; ii/ (climatic) minimum temperature Tmin, wind speed v and relative humidity RH. Between both types of descriptors, the best correlations occur for (CCW vs. Tmin) and (GWC vs. v). On the other hand, the total anthocyanin content Acy correlates very well with the CCW and Tmin descriptors. So, the highest concentration of Acy (684.2 mg/100 g) and also the highest CCW (38.6 g/cob) have been obtained in cobs of Winchuspata (W-Q), the coldest (Tmin = 7.89 °C) of the considered localities. On the contrary, the lowest concentration of Acy (603.7 mg/100 g) and also the lowest CCW 25.4 g/cob) have been obtained in cobs of Pistaloli (P-SA), the warmest (Tmin = 19.96 °C) of the three locations. The highest GWC value (139.4 g/cob) has been obtained in cobs of Marabamba (M-Y) where the wind speed v (4.13 m/s) was the highest of the locations considered. On the contrary, the lowest value of GWC (79.6 g/cob) has been obtained for cobs of Pistaloli (P-SA) where v was the lowest (1.19 m/s). In this context, it is important to propose studies on climatic variations’ impact on different crop cycles, investigating how different agronomic management practices and the use of genetic identification/expression tools can optimize the anthocyanin production of purple maize, in order to facilitate the selection of new varieties for specific climatic conditions.
Effects of Increasing Ozone Levels on Leaf Biochemistry and Flower Development in Petunia Varieties with Different Floral Pigmentation
Authors: Yang Ning , Wang Xiaoke , Cotrozzi Lorenzo , Nali Cristina , Pellegrini Elisa , Bianchi Gemma , Pisuttu Claudia , Zheng Feixiang
Published: September 2024

In this work, we assessed the effects of increasing ozone (O3) on four petunia varieties with different floral pigmentation (pink, red, rose-red, and white). Plants were exposed, in open-top chambers located in China, to three O3 concentrations, i.e., (i) ambient air (AA), (ii) AA + 60 ppb O3 (AA + 60), and (iii) AA + 120 ppb O3 (AA + 120), for 85 days (9 h day−1). Flower diameter and duration were assessed, together with leaf chlorophyll and flavonoid contents. White petunia showed a reduced flower diameter and longevity under AA + 60 (−7 and −6%, respectively, in comparison to AA), whereas pink and red petunias only showed this under AA + 120 (−8 and −7%, on average, respectively). Chlorophyll loss occurred in all varieties under AA + 60 (−30%, on average), and at AA + 120 in white and red petunias (−54%, on average). The total flavonoid content in the pink and white varieties increased only under AA + 120 (around +85%), while it grew at both AA + 60 and AA + 120 (+92% and two-fold higher, respectively) in the red variety. Increasing O3 concentrations did not affect particularly the red-rose variety. The white variety showed the strongest correlations among flower and leaf properties, confirming a variety-related O3 response, as well as demonstrating that it had the highest O3 sensitivity.
ADME/Tox Study, Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Silva José Thyálisson da Costa , Menezes Saulo Almeida , Silva Viviane Bezerra da , Novais Maria Hellena Garcia , Albuquerque Emílio Sousa , Franco Rafael Albuquerque , Farias Naiza Saraiva , Silva Nathallia Correia da , Souza Dieferson Leandro de , Oliveira Elaine Cristina Conceição de , Freitas Damiana Gonçalves de Sousa , Lima Clara Mariana Gonçalves , Sousa Severino Denicio Gonçalves de , Braga Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Almeida-Bezerra José Weverton
Published: September 2024

Varronia curassavica Jacq. is an aromatic species appertaining to the Boraginaceae family and has been mentioned for its numerous traditional uses and pharmacological properties, especially its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical profile and antifungal activities of the essential oils of V. curassavica, in addition to analyzing the ADMET properties of the majority components. The GC-MS analysis of V. curassavica essential oil (EOVC) comprised 97.36% of total composition, with α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and bicyclogermacrene (44.46%, 22.87%, and 13.05%, respectively) as the main constituents among other minor/trace constituents. The antifungal activity of EOVC was evaluated against three Candida species and was observed with IC50 > 200 μg/mL. Remarkably, the combination of EOVC with fluconazole significantly reduced the IC50 required for the drug to inhibit C. tropicalis (0.003 μg/mL), C. albicans (0.7996 μg/mL), and C. krusei (17.73 μg/mL). In addition, ADME/Tox studies using α-pinene revealed that the compound poses no toxicity threats but requires caution due to its high permeability to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Overall, the obtained results suggest that Varronia curassavica essential oil is a potentially good antifungal agent for combating fungal resistance.
The Effect of the Season on the Time Dependent Changes in Colostrum Lactoferrin Level in Murciano–Granadina Goats in Intensive System Farming
Authors: Segura Mónica Marcela , Martínez-Miró Silvia , López Miguel José , Madrid Josefa , González Verónica , Hernández Fuensanta
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of postpartum day and parity season on the lactoferrin (LF), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and chemical composition of Murciano–Granadina goat colostrum during the first 96 h after kidding, and the use of the Brix refractometer to estimate IgG content. A herd of 3500 intensively managed Murciano–Granadina dairy goats (45–50 kg body weight) was used. Colostrum samples were collected from days 1 to 4 postpartum in the winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The colostrum composition was assessed using an automated infrared method; the LF and IgG concentrations were measured using an ELISA, and for the Brix percentage, we used a digital refractometer. Colostrum taken on the first postpartum day showed the highest concentrations of LF, IgG, proteins and non-fat solids (NFSs). As the postpartum days progressed, a rapid decrease in the LF, IgG, protein, and NFS contents and the Brix value was observed. In contrast, the lactose content increased steadily until the fourth postpartum day (p < 0.001). The season influenced milk yield, LF, IgG, protein, fat, and somatic cell content (p < 0.05). LF contents were significantly higher in the spring season, IgG contents were higher in autumn colostrum, and fat components were higher in the winter season. The colostrum Brix value showed a positive correlation with the ELISA colostrum LF (r = 0.716, p < 0.001) and IgG (r = 0.894, p < 0.001) determination; a 20 mg IgG/mL colostrum concentration corresponded to 18 °Brix. Our results corroborate the importance of feeding colostrum to newborns on the first day after birth, not only because of its high level of IgG but also because of its greater presence of the other bioactive protein compounds such as lactoferrin.