bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the nuclearity and local environment of transition metal species in ion-exchanged CHA zeolites and effects on the oxidation of methane
Authors: Yokoi Toshiyuki , Xiao Peipei , Wang Lizhuo , Nishibori Maiko , Nakamura Kengo , Wang Yong , Huang Jun , Gies Hermann
Published: February 2025

Ion-exchange method is a popular and facile way to prepare metal-containing zeolites, and transition-metal-exchanged zeolites have been widely used for the activation of small molecules such as CO₂, CH₄, and NH3, focusing on their transformation into valuable products or environmentally friendly chemicals. Understanding the exchange way between metal ions and zeolite and inferring the local environment of metal species is crucial to comprehending and predicting the activity of metal-exchanged zeolite catalysts. Herein, the frequently employed early transition metals (Fe3+, Co2+, and Cu2+) were adopted to exchange with CHA-type aluminosilicate zeolite (SSZ-13). The acidity of transition-metal-exchanged CHA zeolites was measured by NH3-TPD, and the metal speciation was identified by HAADF-STEM images, UV-vis, and XAS spectra. The linear trend line of the strong acid content and the metal/Al ratio of exchanged catalysts was used to calculate the ion-exchanged degree between metal cations and acidic protons of zeolite. The exchanged ratios of n:1 (n˃2), 1:2, and 1:1 for Fe, Co, and Cu/CHA zeolites specified the possible nuclearity and local environment of metal species. Therefore, these zeolite catalysts exhibited completely different reaction characteristics toward direct and continuous oxidation of methane using N2O as the oxidant. Taking full advantage of these features, high performance in N2O decomposition, direct conversion of methane to hydrocarbon via methanol as the intermediate, and direct conversion of methane to methanol with high methanol selectivity were realized by Fe, Co, and Cu-exchanged CHA zeolites, respectively. These findings provide guidance and reference for preparing metal-ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts and their suitable applications.
To Reduce Bias, Marinate for 11 Days? A Randomized Controlled Evaluation of a Multi-Day Racial Equity Challenge
Authors: Darling-Hammond Sean
Published: February 2025

Racial bias trainings are ubiquitous. Yet, they rarely deviate from a standard formula, and are rarely evaluated using rigorous research methods. This pre-registered study uses a randomized controlled trial design to estimate the causal impact of employee participation in the Racial Equity Challenge—a scaffolded, eleven-day antibias training that allows participants to explore a variety of topics through readings, videos, and activities. We find that while the Racial Equity Challenge did not impact motivation to reduce bias, it caused statistically significant increases in employees’ knowledge of bias, ability to navigate ambiguous workplace situations in ways that might reduce bias, belief that they know how to combat bias, and willingness to donate to the Black Lives Matter Foundation. We present implications regarding how to design and refine trainings so that they might reduce bias and enhance equity in workplaces and beyond.
Systems-Level Interactome Mapping Reveals Actionable Protein Network Dysregulation Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum
Authors: Chiosis Gabriela , Bay Sadik , Rodina Anna , Haut Florence , Roychowdhury Tanaya , Argyrousi Eleni K , Staniszevski Agnieszka , Han Kyung , Sharma Sahil , Chakrabarty Souparna , Digwal Chander , Stanisavljevic Aleksandra , Labuza Amanda , Alldred Melissa J. , Panchal Palak , Anand Ramaian , Tuffery Laura , Li Zhuoning , Hashmi Arsalan , Rosiek Eric , Chan Eric , Monetti Mara , Sasaguri Hiiroki , Saido Takaomi , Schneider Julie , Bennett David , Fraser Paul , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Neubert Thomas , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Arancio Ottavio
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progresses as a continuum, from preclinical stages to late-stage cognitive decline, yet the molecular mechanisms driving this progression remain poorly understood. Here, we provide a systems-level map of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network dysfunction across the AD spectrum and uncover epichaperomes—stable scaffolding platforms formed by chaperones and co-factors—as central drivers of this process. Using over 100 human brain specimens, mouse models, and human neurons, we show that epichaperomes emerge early, even in preclinical AD, and progressively disrupt multiple PPI networks critical for synaptic function and neuroplasticity. Glutamatergic neurons, essential for learning and memory, exhibit heightened vulnerability, with their dysfunction driven by protein sequestration into epichaperome scaffolds, independent of changes in protein expression. Notably, pharmacological disruption of epichaperomes with PU-AD restores PPI network integrity and reverses synaptic and cognitive deficits, directly linking epichaperome-driven network dysfunction to AD pathology. These findings establish epichaperomes as key mediators of molecular collapse in AD and identify network-centric intervention strategies as a promising avenue for disease-modifying therapies.
Reductions in the future agricultural workday due to climate change
Authors: Zulueta Naia Ormaza , Mehrabi Zia
Published: February 2025

Agricultural workers are vital to global food security, yet their vulnerability to climate change remains understudied. Here, we integrate high-resolution hourly heat stress projections with new gridded global data on the agricultural workforce to quantify reductions in the agricultural workday from climate change. By 2050, the global agricultural workforce is projected to rise from 1.30 to 1.33 billion, with workers exposed to over 100 days of heat stress annually increasing from 359 to 663 million. Under SSP2-4.5, 3\% of the harvest season and 8\% of a standard workday (9am-5pm) will be lost globally to unsafe conditions, rising to 4\% and 11\% under SSP5-8.5. In tropical and coastal regions of South Asia, East Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, extreme heat will infringe evening hours, challenging adaptation strategies like shifting work to cooler times. This highlights an urgent need to improve policy with enhanced climate-resilient strategies to protect the world's agricultural workforce.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of trypanosomatid parasite Lotmaria passim links chromosome duplication and divergence with infection of honey bees
Authors: Nearman Anthony , Butenko Anzhelika , Evans Jay D , Palmer-Young Evan C
Published: February 2025

Background. The protist family Trypanosomatidae includes parasites of insects, vertebrates, plants, and even other unicellular eukaryotes. The genomes of these species harbor clues to the evolution of parasitism, adaptation to novel hosts, and infection of mammals. We present an analysis of a chromosome-level genome assembly of Lotmaria passim, the most prevalent known trypanosomatid of honey bees, linking genome sequence and organization to gene expression and infection of bees.
Results. The genome showed high synteny with assemblies of other trypanosomatids and especially closely related Leptomonas pyrrhocoris relatives. It included four copies of chromosomes that shared ancestry with the tetrasomic Leishmania Chromosome 31 and are consistently supernumerary throughout Trypanosomatidae. However, these chromosomes showed lower similarity to L. passim relatives than did the genome overall, with sufficient variation across haplotypes to distinguish two separate disomic chromosomes. Transcriptomic analyses showed that these chromosomes are enriched in genes upregulated during bee infection, and each include five paralogs of the GP63 gene implicated in infection of both insects and mammals. Patterns of expression in bees suggested decreased protein synthesis, a shift from carbohydrate- to amino acid-based metabolism, and reduced cell motility in bee guts versus cell culture. In contrast, genes involved in cell adhesion were upregulated, consistent with the importance of attachment to insect tissue in this species and the family overall.
Conclusions. Our analysis links differentiation of a conserved supernumerary chromosome with infection of bees, parallel tothis chromosome’s role in Leishmania infection of mammals and linking chromosome-level changes with adaptation to new hosts.
The Relationship Between Anti-Phosphatidylserine/Prothrombin Antibodies and Pregnancy Loss in Women with a History of Spontaneous Miscarriage: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Xiang Junmiao , Pan Yundong , Pan Qianruo , Bao Ruru , Cai Zhuhua
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) have been proposed as diagnostic markers for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, their role in predicting pregnancy outcomes, particularly in early and late pregnancy loss, remains uncertain. The mediating effects of immune and coagulation biomarkers in these associations are also poorly understood.
Methods
This retrospective single-center study included 678 pregnant women with a history of at least one spontaneous miscarriage, comprising 163 cases of pregnancy loss (140 early and 23 late) and 515 live births. Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between aPS/PT IgM, IgG, and pregnancy loss. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the diagnostic performance of aPS/PT antibodies, while mediation analyses explored the influence of immune and coagulation biomarkers.
Results
Elevated levels of aPS/PT IgM and IgG were significantly associated with increased pregnancy loss risk. After full adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) for aPS/PT IgM was 1.024 (95% CI = 1.008–1.041; P = 0.004; AUC = 58.7%) and for aPS/PT IgG was 1.027 (95% CI = 1.007–1.047; P = 0.008; AUC = 58.8%). These associations followed a linear dose-response relationship, particularly for early pregnancy loss, with ORs of 1.023 (95% CI = 1.006–1.040; P = 0.009) for IgM and 1.025 (95% CI = 1.004–1.046; P = 0.021) for IgG. No significant associations were found with late pregnancy loss, and mediation analyses revealed no significant influence of immune or coagulation biomarkers.
Discussion
This study highlights aPS/PT IgM and IgG antibodies as independent risk factors for pregnancy loss, particularly in early gestation. These findings underscore the diagnostic potential of these markers and their utility in improving risk stratification and guiding targeted therapeutic interventions for women with a history of spontaneous miscarriage.
Standard Earthquakes Model Originated from the 2 Burridge and Knopoff Glissade Paradigm
Authors: GARZÓN RICARDO CEBALLOS , NECHEV PLAMEN NETCHEV
Published: February 2025

The paper is dedicated to the classical glissade’s modeling in order to explain the earthquake mechanisms. The B&K model, converted into a conception already well marked and known by everyone, has been rethought generalizing the uniform movement of the largest stratum, corresponds to any continually acting force. In addition, for the resistance function has been used an expression obtained by the authors, based on the Elementary Catastrophes Theory that resistance fully satisfies the conditions of the existence and uniqueness theorem regarding the solutions of the systems of ODE. Our generalized B&K model equations have been solved numerically for a particular case through the respective standard software package MATLAB. The analysis of the results highlights a periodicity at the seismic activity (obtained at constant force) and the earthquake’s appearances it is shown as a consequence of the different system’s resonance points. All of the above would allow through the reengineering methods obtaining valuable information related to the structure and behavior of local plates. With this, we dared to suppose that in view of future landslide models already there is available a “standard” basic description that we believe is essential to be included at the time of any further development.
MEDIA LAWS IN CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Chouhan Dr. Rakhi Singh
Published: February 2025

Media Laws in Constitutional Framework" explores the intricate relationship between media and constitutional principles, offering a comprehensive analysis of the legal structures governing media operations in democratic societies. The book examines key constitutional provisions, including freedom of speech and expression, the right to privacy, and the balance between public interest and individual rights. It delves into landmark cases, legislative developments, and global perspectives to provide a nuanced understanding of how constitutional frameworks shape media laws. By addressing contemporary issues such as digital media regulation, fake news, and media ethics, this work serves as a vital resource for legal scholars, media professionals, and policymakers aiming to navigate the evolving landscape of media governance
Vision BHARAT – 2047
Authors: Dwivedi Dr. Rajiv Kumar , Gupta Dr. Vivek
Published: February 2025

The idea of “Vision Bharat - 2047: A Future Strategic Roadmap” helps us to determine Bharat’s future growth trajectory in all possible comprehensible domains as an optimum collaboration between the manufacturing industry & services sector. The present book is an amalgamation and presentation of the views and perspectives of learned citizens of Bharat to formulate various strategies to mitigate all the challenges lying ahead in the path of the country to become A Developed nation in 2047. Hence, “Vision Bharat - 2047: A Future Strategic Roadmap” outlines a comprehensive and strategic roadmap to guide India through the next 23 years, ensuring its emergence as a global leader across economic, social, political, and technological spheres.
The Major Contributors to the Cesarean Section Risk in Nulliparous Women Aged 35 Years and Older
Authors: Oglak Suleyman Cemil , Ates Eminoglu Humeyra Elif , Guzel Gizem , Bulut Berfin , Adiguzel Ozgur , Yilmaz Emine Zeynep , Bala Mesut , Haliscelik Mesut Ali
Published: February 2025

Objective: To assess the association between advanced maternal age (AMA) and cesarean section (CS) risk in nulliparous pregnant women aged 35 years and older and examine potential confounders to enhance guidance for pregnant women and healthcare providers.
Study Design: This retrospective cohort study of singleton, nulliparous pregnant women with a fetus in the cephalic presentation admitted for delivery was carried out from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022. Maternal demographics, medical history, delivery records, and neonatal outcomes were collected from electronic medical records. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses identified variables independently associated with CS in AMA cases.
Results: The study included an AMA group (≥35 years, n=52) and a control group (<35 years, n=487). The CS rate was significantly higher in the AMA group (67.3%) compared to the control group (26.1%, p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies (OR: 39.0), presence of additional maternal disease or pregnancy complication (OR: 5.34), and fetal heart rate (FHR) category III (OR: 3.34) were significantly associated with increased CS risk in AMA women.
Conclusion: The risk of CS is significantly elevated in nulliparous women aged 35 and older, particularly among those who conceived through ART, presented with additional maternal diseases, or exhibited FHR category III. These findings provide essential insights for obstetricians to inform AMA patients on CS risks, aiding decision-making.
Measuring the human dimensions of water insecurity in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions: a narrative review
Authors: Daley Angela , Daley Kiley , Bell Kathleen P. , Jain Shaleen
Published: February 2025

Water (in)security is central to achieving sustainable development in Arctic communities. To characterize the pervasive and place-based challenges faced by Arctic residents and communities, water insecurity can be examined across five dimensions (i.e., availability, accessibility, safety, reliability and preference). Based on an analysis of 61 studies, this narrative review synthesizes how the human dimensions of Arctic water insecurity have been measured in the scientific literature. This review serves as a resource for researchers, policymakers and practitioners when selecting measures of water insecurity based on past studies, and for addressing knowledge gaps through the development of new measures in partnership with Arctic and Indigenous communities. Faced with rapid climatic and societal change, enhanced human-centered measures of water insecurity in the Arctic will enable future research, policy, monitoring, management and stewardship. This is necessary to achieve the human right to water and Sustainable Development Goal of clean water and sanitation for all.
Assessing groundwater abstraction and salt accumulation in the unconfined aquifer of Rachna Doab, Pakistan: a modeling approach
Authors: Shauket Imran , Nasir Abdul , Ali Sikandar , Aslam Zubair
Published: February 2025

Groundwater is a critical resource facing growing threats from overuse and contamination globally. This study examines uncontrolled groundwater extraction and salt accumulation in the Rachna Doab region using ArcGIS, MODFLOW, and MT3DMS algorithms combined with a finite-difference numerical technique. Geological, hydrological, and hydrogeological data were analysed to assess groundwater level decline and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration. The model was calibrated using piezometric data and TDS concentrations (2009–2016) and validated with data from 2017–2021, showing strong correlations between estimated and observed values. Two pumping scenarios for 2027 were considered: maintaining current pumping rates (Scenario I) and increasing rates based on future trends (Scenario II). Simulations indicated that water samples near Samundri Drain had the highest TDS concentrations, highlighting the impact of wastewater drains and saline groundwater. Groundwater samples revealed that higher pumping rates and poor-quality deeper groundwater are primary causes of saline intrusion.
October revolution of 1917 and reform of city self-government (by the materials of departmental journals)
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, E. Sobornov Pavel
Published: February 2025

Background. Constant changes in the system of urban self-government necessitate the study of reforms of urban self-government bodies after the October Revolution of 1917. Unprecedented changes in the urban management system of the revolutionary era, taking place through the prism of sharp interparty discussions, make it possible to understand the specifics of organizing local government at one of the turning points in the history of domestic statehood. The purpose of the work is to analyze the interaction of the organs of Soviet power - the councils of workers’ and soldiers’ deputies and city councils at the stage of the formation of Soviet power in Russia. Materials and methods. The implementation of research tasks was achieved on the basis of the use of articles of magazines: local self-government “City Business”, the official press organ of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republicа “Bulletin of the NKVD” and the journal of the municipal commission of the Central Committee of the Party of Socialists - Revolutionaries “Self-Government”. Methodological potential includes: a relatively historical method, the application of which allows us to compare the reaction of various political forces to the reform of local self-government after the October Revolution of 1917; statistical method, the significance of which is obvious for the analysis of changes in the composition of city governments. Results. The positions of the Bolsheviks and socialists of the revolutionaries on the problem of reforming local governments were investigated. The stages and features of the relationship between the bodies of Soviet power and urban thoughts, as bodies of local self-government, are considered. Conclusions. The study of the process of relations between the bodies of Soviet power and urban thoughts in the period October 1917 – July 1918 makes it possible to understand the facts of the impossibility of coexistence of these structures on the ground and the integration of urban thoughts into the systems of local bodies of Soviet power, the presence of a strategic goal of eliminating the Soviets of local self-government bodies of pre-revolutionary Russia. The author concluded that the potential of urban thoughts and administrations was not disclosed. All forms of compromise of councils and pre-revolutionary bodies of city self-government testified both to the initial weakness of local councils and to the presence of valuable experience in city councils and administrations in solving problems of urban economy, and not to the desire to liquidate only those local governments that opposed Soviet power.
From the history of the English monarchy policy to regulate the food market on the eve of the revolution in the middle of the 17th century
Authors:   Penza State University, P. Mitrofanov Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Background. The food policy of the English monarchy on the eve of the revolution in the middle of the17th century, although it was the subject of research in English-language and domestic historiography, such an aspect as the regulation of the production and trade of starch, as well as the trade in beer, was practically not touched upon by historians. Using materials from the northwestern counties as an example, as well as some coun-ties in other regions (Sussex, Herefordshire, etc.), an attempt is made to study this aspect of food policy. Materials and methods. Using traditional methods of historical research (anal-ysis and synthesis, comparative historical method) on the basis of documentary, legal and narrative sources, as well as with the involvement of factual research material by English-speaking authors, a study was undertaken of the politics of the English monarchy from the end of the 16th century. before 1640 this aspect of food policy. Results. An analysis of the sources noted above made it possible to trace the regulation by the government of the first Stuarts of the production and trade of starch and beer in order to reduce the processing of grain for these products in a number of regions of the kingdom. Fiscal reasons also played a significant role, i.e. replenishment of the treasury through the sale of licenses, fees and fines. The degree of effectiveness of the Crown’s policy and its impact on the food market, as well as its possible impact on English society, is noted. Instruments of government regulation and regulation have been identified. Conclusions. The Crown, as in other areas of the economy, did not use economic leverage, giving priority to administrative methods of regulation and complementing them with judicial prosecution, which certainly caused discontent not only among the entrepreneurial elements in this business, but also among the social lower classes of English society. Although the royal courts applied repressive measures to violators of beer trade laws, they were unable to radically reduce beer production and the beer trade. The consumption of ale and beer was widespread and any restrictions and prohi-bitions could potentially lead to widespread social discontent and negative consequences for the monarchy.
Solution of the inhomogeneity localization problem in objects with the given index refraction index
Authors:   Penza State University, I. Terekhin Nikita , A. Tsupak Aleksey ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The purpose of the work is the development and software implementation of the brute force method for solving inverse diffraction problem. Material and methods. For solving the problem integral equations approach is used; for the numerical solution of the Lippmann – Schwinger equation, the collocation method is applied; for the effective solution of systems of linear algebraic equations, a special method of matrix inversion is used. Results. An efficient method for solving the problem of localization of a region of inhomogeneity with a given refractive index has been developed. Conclusions. The proposed method can be used for solving problems of microwave tomography with a small number of field measurements.
Mass and rotation parameters of stars under conditions of dynamic equilibrium
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, M. Zhuravlev Viktor
Published: February 2025

Background. The research proposes an extended model of the dynamic equilibrium of stars, taking into account the inhomogeneous chemical composition of matter, as well as additional factors associated with oscillations of heat flow and hidden mass (“dark matter”). Materials and methods. To derive and analyze the equations of dynamic equilibrium of stars, the method of hydrodynamic markers or Lagrangian variables is used, supplemented by a new description of the classical gravitational field using marker fields, as well as new parameters characterizing the effect of hidden mass or dark matter. To describe the thermal properties of the medium, the assumption of quasi-a-diabatic processes in stars is used. Results. Temperature distribution equations that take into account the inhomogeneous chemical composition and their numerical solutions are analyzed using the model of the Sun as an example. Solutions corresponding to the distribution of zonal flow velocity for solar parameters have been calculated, and an analysis of these solutions has been carried out. General criteria for the stability of the zonal flow are obtained. From the stability condition, estimates of the latent mass type effect, which manifests itself only in the structure of the zonal flow, are obtained. Relations for the acceleration of free fall are derived, taking into account the indicated additional factors, for example, the massiveness of the particles of the medium. Generalized equations of dynamic equilibrium of the medium are obtained. Conclusions. The proposed model explains at a qualitative level the main characteristics of the temperature distribution in the Sun and its corona, including a temperature maximum of the order of 2 ∙ 106 [K] with a minimum in the photosphere of approximately 4800 [K]. The model indicates the significant role of new parameters of the gravitational field and heat flow in the formation of the distribution of the zonal flow (rotation) of stars.
O uso das tic no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na proposta pbl: estudo de caso com alunos de medicina
Authors:   , Lopes Elys Gardênia de Freitas
Published: February 2025

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação estão presentes em todas as áreas, especificamente na educação, contribuindo para o surgimento de metodologias ativas de ensino. Como exemplo dessas metodologias, pode-se destacar neste trabalho a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problema (PBL), que é um método de ensino que altera a ótica de como ocorre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, trazendo para o aluno o papel de protagonista e para o professor o de facilitador. A aplicação dessa metodologia emprega o uso de problemas como um mecanismo de estímulo à aprendizagem e como forma de desenvolver as habilidades. Logo, os alunos aprendem ao passo que interagem na resolução de um problema proposto. A dinâmica de execução da PBL possibilita que os problemas propostos possam ser formulados tomando como referência o emprego de variadas fontes, como, por exemplo, por meio de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs). Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar, no âmbito pedagógico, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem produzido por meio da utilização simultânea da ferramenta computacional Problem e da metodologia PBL. Essa combinação permite o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas voltadas para a aplicação síncrona entre teoria e prática. A utilização dessa ferramenta objetiva auxiliar o facilitador e os alunos na implantação da PBL no AVA Moodle. A metodologia utilizada fundamenta-se no emprego do ciclo de execução da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problema, aplicado por meio da ferramenta computacional Problem, na modalidade de ensino Educação a Distância. Quanto aos métodos de pesquisa, foram utilizados procedimentos de natureza quali-quantitativa, sendo metodologicamente aplicados o estudo de caso e a estatística descritiva, respectivamente. Os fundamentos metodológicos da pesquisa estão apoiados nos critérios de Barrows (2006), Hmelo-Silver (2006), Moran (2018) e na formulação de duas hipóteses propostas por Correa (2003). Como resultado da pesquisa foi possível empregar um módulo de suporte à PBL integrado ao Moodle, com o propósito de atender às principais metas relacionadas ao cumprimento do ciclo de aplicação dessa metodologia, bem como auxiliar estudantes e facilitadores durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem
Imagens ressecadas: a representação iconográfica do nordeste nos livros didáticos de história
Authors:   , Silva Enock Douglas Roberto da
Published: February 2025

A presente dissertação busca investigar como a região Nordeste vem sendo representada nos livros didáticos de História fornecidos pelo PNLD, refletindo sobre determinadas ideias que passaram a ser atreladas a esta região do país. Para tanto, utilizamos quatro coleções de livros didáticos de História do 4º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental, por meio da análise de imagens e discursos, além do estudo e retrospectiva histórica pertinente a temática. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa buscam verificar os discursos regionais sobre o Nordeste reelaborados cientificamente, identificando reproduções de estereótipos, destacando as possíveis implicações na construção de uma imagem da região; refletir sobre o livro didático e imagens como mecanismos de produção e reprodução de representações, e analisar as diretrizes curriculares sobre os conteúdos regionais da região Nordeste com foco na observação do rompimento e/ou reprodução de paradigmas. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, bibliográfico e documental. Utilizando-se como referencial teórico os estudos de Gil (2008), Minayo (2001) e Fonseca (2011). No campo de análise das imagens a fundamentação foi feita a luz dos conceitos de Joly (2007), Mauad (2000) e Neiva (1993). Quanto ao conceito de representação, nos fundamentamos em Chartier (1990, 1991) e Certeau (1994), possibilitando pensar a imagem simbolicamente, do contexto de produção e suas intencionalidades. Burke (2004), Pesavento (2005) e Mauad (2004) foram referenciados no aspecto da compreensão histórica e simbólica das imagens. Sobre o livro didático nos referenciamos em Bittencourt (1993) e Schmidt (2006). Sobre o Nordeste e suas matrizes de pensamento em Albuquerque Jr (2001, 2007), Freyre (2010), Guerra (1981) e Furtado (1997). Portanto, a pesquisa apresenta reflexões sobre o ensino de História e alguns elementos de sua constituição, como o livro didático, as imagens e os discursos que (re)produzimos cotidianamente em sala de aula, muitas vezes carregados de elementos preconceituosos não perceptíveis pelo senso comum
A energia eólica: um contexto de aprendizagem de física no ensino médio
Authors:   , Monteiro José Everton Pinheiro
Published: February 2025

Na sociedade atual é de fundamental importância a utilização de fontes de energia elétrica que
sejam renováveis e pouco agridam o meio ambiente. Um exemplo desse tipo de energia é a
eólica. No presente trabalho, realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino
de Física (MNPEF), no polo da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA),
apresentamos uma sequência didática na qual essa temática é concebida como um contexto de
ensino aprendizagem, contemplando conteúdos de mecânica, como as leis de Newton e a
cinemática do acoplamento de polias; de termodinâmica, como os processos de transferência de
calor relacionados com a origem dos ventos; de hidrodinâmica para explicar os regimes de
escoamento do ar na hélice de um aerogerador e seu movimento de rotação; e de
eletromagnetismo para exemplificar a conversão, no aerogerador, da energia cinética do vento
em energia elétrica. Sua implementação aconteceu numa turma de terceiro ano do Ensino
Médio noturno, na Escola Estadual Zenon de Sousa, em Umarizal/RN. A sequência didática
foi planejada buscando criar situações que estimulassem o trabalho coletivo e a interação entre
professor e alunos, visando uma aprendizagem significativa. Foram utilizados diversos recursos
didáticos, tais como: aulas dialogadas, texto guia, atividades experimentais, experimentos
demonstrativos e simulações em computador. Como referencial teórico utilizamos a
contextualização, complementada com os PCNEM, PCN+ e a teoria da aprendizagem
significativa de David Ausubel, considerando as contribuições de Marcos Antônio Moreira e de
Paulo Freire. A sequência é constituída de seis encontros executadas em doze aulas, com tempo de duração de 45 minutos cada. Os resultados das avaliações desenvolvidas durante a sua implementação mostram que seus objetivos foram alcançados
Escolas rurais de morada nova/ceará e o uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (tdic)
Authors:   , Sousa Katiane Almeida de
Published: February 2025

Vivemos atualmente em uma sociedade em rede, através do modelo de organização social classificado por muitos como uma cibercultura (LÉVY, 1999), em que as tecnologias e as informações se propagam em uma velocidade sem tamanho. No entanto, essas evoluções não chegam à todas as partes e muito menos a todos os sujeitos. Por isso, podemos falar em uma exclusão tecnológica e social, principalmente quando tomamos como referência os espaços localizados no campo, que historicamente sofrem com a carência de políticas públicas. A escola como espaço primordial de formação de cidadãos se torna, então, a questão de análise desta investigação, para percebemos até que ponto aquelas que estão localizadas no campo são incluídas digitalmente nas políticas públicas e como os sujeitos que atuam neste espaço se comportam diante da inclusão/exclusão tecnológica que a mesma vivencia. Diante disso, o nosso objetivo de pesquisa é: Analisar as condições de trabalho com Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) nas escolas públicas rurais de Morada Nova - Ceará, considerando as políticas públicas, as condições estruturais e a qualificação docente. Para cumprir o intuito supracitado, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa com pesquisas de campo nas escolas selecionadas. Desta forma, utilizamos como metodologia a aplicação de entrevistas estruturadas com os professores da rede pública municipal de Morada Nova – CE, que atuam na zona rural, e realizamos questionários com seis gestores das escolas. O primeiro procedimento metodológico foi realizado para investigar sobre a qualificação dos docentes que ensinam na zona rural para o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), sobre as práticas de ensino envolvendo as tecnologias e os anseios de formação e dificuldades enfrentadas. Já os questionários foram aplicados com os diretores para fazer um levantamento dos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis na escola e como ocorrem seus usos. Como resultados, obtivemos que ainda que muitas escolas tivessem laboratórios de informática, computadores e outros recursos em uma quantidade relativa, faltava a estrutura principalmente de internet banda larga para suportar o uso dos computadores nos laboratórios e também percebemos a carência de políticas públicas ativas na escola para o uso das tecnologias. Quanto à formação de professores, essa se mostrou insuficiente para os docentes, pelo fato da falta de internet banda larga para planejar suas atividades pedagógicas e executar práticas de ensino diferenciadas com o uso dos recursos tecnológicos. Assim, concluímos que ainda são escassas as ações governamentais voltadas para o uso das TDIC nas escolas rurais, falta estrutura e formações continuadas que atendam os anseios dos professores para a realização de práticas de ensino com o uso das tecnologias digitais e informacionais em sala de aula
Polygonati Rhizoma Alleviates Vascular Dementia through Regulating Microglial Polarization Transitions Mediated by NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Yuan Yin , Li Meng , Zhou Tian , Chen Xi , Li Yihang
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Polygonati rhizoma (PR) has been used for thousands of years to alleviate
dementia. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effect of alleviating vascular dementia (VaD) and
underlying mechanism of PR.

Methods:

In vivo, rats were treated with two-vessel occlusion (2VO) induces VaD. The anti-VaD
effect measured by learning and memory capacity, cerebral pathological structure, and cerebral
microglial M1/M2 phenotype biomarkers. Subsequently, screening potential mechanisms of PR
for VaD using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Moreover, the efficacy
of PR-contained serum on LPS-induced inflammation and polarization on BV2 microglia was
evaluated with NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Results:

In vivo, PR significantly enhanced learning and memory capacity, suppressed M1 microglia
activation and promoted M2 polarization. Through network pharmacology and molecular
docking approaches, we screened inflammation as a potential mechanism for PR anti-VaD, with
targets involving NF-κB. Meanwhile, PR could regulate the expression of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
compared with that of LPS-induced BV2 cells. Furthermore, by utilizing PDTC, an NF-κB
antagonist, it was found that the effect of PR was similar to that of PDTC.

Conclusion:

PR could hamper inflammation and microglial polarization in 2VO-induced VaD
and LPS-induced BV2 cells. Our results showed that PR was a promising Chinese herb to alleviate
VaD, and the potential mechanism might be related to NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Informatics Approach Towards Targeting HTR1B Pathways in Neuropharmacology for Migraine Treatment
Authors: Ahmad Saleem , Wang Li , Zafar Imran , Abbas Zain , Unar Ahsanullah , Mohany Mohamed , Al-Rejaie Salim S. , Ullah Khan Najeeb , Ali Ijaz , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Migraine is a prevalent and debilitating neurological disorder, with current
therapies often being ineffective and causing side effects. Recent studies in neuropharmacology present
the serotonin 1B receptor (HTR1B) as a viable avenue of migraine treatment since it influences
pain and vasoconstriction.

Methods:

This research broadly uses computational approaches to explain the 5-hydroxytryptamine
receptor 1B (HTR1B) pathways in neuropharmacology for migraine treatment. Text mining results
reveal 25 essential genes, and network pharmacology provides complex mechanisms among genes
and proteins, revealing a sophisticated network consisting of 41 nodes and 361 edges. The protein
structure and function were elucidated through high-resolution protein modeling and validation,
yielding significant new information. The structure has a resolution of 2.05 Å and a C-score of 0.30.
The virtual screening explored the best ligands, which had binding affinities ranging from -13.8 to -9.6
kcal/mol from a set of 25 molecules. Docking results indicated that FDA-approved ligands showed high
binding affinities, ranging from -11.4 to -12.5 kcal/mol among other natural and synthetic libraries. The
pharmacokinetic profiles of the potential drugs showed significant diversity in their solubility and
lipophilicity qualities (F(2,6) = 15.13, p = 0.004), suggesting different levels of safety and efficacy.
MD simulation clarified the dynamic interactions between the protein and ligand at 100ns.

Results:

The RMSD values were stable within the 6.0-7.5 Å range, indicating a consistent structure.
RMSF values revealed areas of flexibility in the protein. The toxicity risk assessment of Xaliproden
indicated modest risks.

Conclusion:

This study provides a foundation for targeted HTR1B-based migraine therapies and
highlights the value of informatics tools in accelerating drug discovery in neuropharmacology.
Vitamin C Protects from Impairment of Memory Induced by E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure
Authors: Alzoubi Karem H. , Khabour Omar F. , Al-Sawalha Nour , Al Momany Enaam M. , Jarab Anan , Haddad Razan , Alrabadi Nasr , Alqudah Mohammad A. Y. , Al-zoubi Toka K. , Eissenberg Thomas
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

E-cigarettes (EC) have been shown to impair memory by disrupting the
balance involving ROS and antioxidant enzymes, leading to oxidative stress. Vitamin C (VitC) is a
strong antioxidant with cell protective efficacy and scavenges free radicals.

Method:

The present study evaluated VitC for potential protective effects against EC-induced
memory impairment in rat models. The animals were exposed to EC for 2 hr/day, with a one-hour
break in between, for five days per week over four weeks. Simultaneously, animals were administered
Vitamin C at 100 mg/kilogram/bw/day via oral gavage five days/week/for four weeks. After
the treatment and exposure period concluded, spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the
Radial Arms Water Maze. Furthermore, the oxidative stress biomarkers levels (GSSG, GSH, GSH/
GSSG, TBARS, Catalase, and GPx) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured
in the hippocampus tissues. The findings indicated that EC had a detrimental effect on the short-term
and long-term memory of the animals (p < 0.05). Additionally, EC decreased the levels of GPx,
SOD, GSH, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and BDNF (p < 0.05).

Results:

Furthermore, the GSSG level was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by EC. However, Vitamin
C prevented impairment of memory and restored levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and BDNF.

Conclusion:

To summarize, exposure to EC resulted in impairments of memory, both short-term and
long-term. However, the administration of Vitamin C prevented these negative effects by its antioxidant
properties.
Evaluating Remimazolam for Procedural Sedation
Authors: Monanian Genevieve , Yonel Brandon , Rupert Deborah , Razak Alina , DeLemos Michelle , Bergese Sergio D.
Published: February 2025

Remimazolam, a novel short-acting benzodiazepine, has garnered interest in the realm of
procedural sedation. Targeting a desired level of sedation requires a medication with both anesthetic
and analgesic properties, particularly in non-operating room anesthetizing locations. Via gammaaminobutyric
acid type A receptor agonism, Remimazolam has demonstrated organ-independent metabolism
and rapid time to both onset and recovery and has efficacy for procedural sedation in clinical
trials. This article provides a review of the current literature on the utility of remimazolam for
procedural sedation.
Sirt1/Drp1 Pathway Reduces Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury in Diabetic Pateints’ Hearts by Inhibiting Excessive Mitochondrial Division
Authors: Huang Shimeng , Gao Yuanbo , Wang Ying , Zhao Siyu , Lu Bing , Tao Aibin
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cardiac microvessels are significantly reduced in diabetic patients, which is
accompanied by a significant increase in the incidence of diabetic cardiac complications and increased
mortality. This study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of sirtuin 1
(Sirt1) in microvascular endothelial cell injury in diabetic hearts.

Methods:

Type 2 diabetes mouse models and cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) cell
models were established. Cardiac microvessel density (MVD) was detected using Platelet-
Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31) immunohistochemistry. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species (ROS) was detected with MitoSOX and morphology was observed with mitochondrial
staining. CMECs angiogenesis was evaluated via scratch and angiogenesis assays. We measured cell
viability with a Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay and cell injury with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
release assay. We assessed apoptosis using TUNEL staining, Caspase-3 activity, and Western blot.

Results:

The decrease in Sirt1 protein expression was accompanied by a decrease in cardiac microvessel
density in type 2 diabetic mice. After 48 h of treating the CMECs with high-glucose and
palmitic acid, it was discovered that the expression of Sirt1 and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)
Ser637 phosphorylated protein decreased, while the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 protein increased.
Also, the angiogenesis ability of endothelial cells was decreased, while mitochondrial ROS
and mitochondrial division were increased, which culminated in aggravated endothelial cell injury
and increased endothelial cell apoptosis. Increased Sirt1 protein expression and function at the gene
and drug levels alleviated excessive mitochondrial division, reduced apoptosis, and improved the
function of CMECs by increasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637.

Conclusion:

Under diabetic conditions, the Sirt1/Drp1 pathway reduces injury to CMECs by inhibiting
excessive mitochondrial division.
Emerging Insights and Innovations in Acridine Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Tiwari Abhishek , Sahoo Nalini Kanta , Tiwari Varsha
Published: February 2025

Acridine derivatives represent a promising class of compounds in anticancer drug development,
owing to their versatile mechanisms of action and synthetic flexibility. These compounds
can intercalate between DNA base pairs, disrupting vital cellular processes such as DNA
replication and transcription, which underscores their potential as potent anticancer agents. This
intercalation not only inhibits tumor growth but also enhances cancer cell sensitivity to other
therapeutic interventions, improving overall treatment efficacy. The synthesis of acridine derivatives
involves several named reactions and synthetic schemes, such as the Ullmann, Bernthsen,
and Friedlander syntheses. These methods allow for the production of derivatives with specific
substitution patterns and biological activities, enabling researchers to optimize pharmacological
properties like bioavailability and target specificity. Recent research has produced acridine derivatives
with enhanced cytotoxicity and improved selectivity against various cancer types. Notable
examples include spiro compounds and 3,9-disubstituted acridines, which have shown potent antitumor
activities in preclinical studies, paving the way for further development and clinical evaluation.
Acridine derivatives hold significant promise in the fight against cancer, offering novel
avenues for therapeutic innovation and advancement in oncology. Interdisciplinary efforts integrating
synthetic chemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology will be essential to fully harness
their therapeutic potential and address the complex challenges of cancer treatment.
Relative Fat Mass Associated with Hyperuricemia in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gu Tian , Wang Zhaoxiang , Yang Qichao , Xu Mengjiao , Shao Xuejing , Xue Bingshuang
Published: February 2025

Aims:

There is a close relationship between obesity and hyperuricemia. Relative Fat
Mass (RFM) is considered a new indicator for evaluating obesity. We aim to explore the relationship
between RFM and the risk of hyperuricemia in adults.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included adult participants from the 2007-2018 National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The RFM was calculated as: RFM =64 -
(20 × height/waist circumference) + (12 × sex), where sex is defined as 0 for men and 1 for women.
Hyperuricemia was confirmed by using serum uric acid (SUA) levels ≥ 7 mg/dL in men and ≥
6 mg/dL in women. The relationship between RFM and the risk of hyperuricemia was thoroughly
investigated.

Results:

A total of 29369 participants were enrolled in this study. The RFM levels in the hyperuricemia
group were higher than those in the non-hyperuricemia group (P < 0.01). Logistic and linear
regression indicated that RFM levels were positively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia
(OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.11, P < 0.001) and SUA levels (β=0.04, 95% CI: 0.03-0.05, P <
0.001). The relationship remained consistent across subgroups. Smooth curve fitting showed a nonlinear
relationship, with an inflection point at 34.22. Above this threshold, the link between RFM
levels and hyperuricemia was found to be more remarkable.

Conclusion:

Higher RFM is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. RFM could act as
a cost-efficient and straightforward measure for hyperuricemia risk assessment.