bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Driver’s Activity Detection System using Human antenna
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Indore, (Madhya Pradesh), India., Paliwal Sachin , Kalyan Birinderjit Singh ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Indore, (Madhya Pradesh), India.
Published: February 2022

Now a days we can see that there are many cases which are occurring due to the drowsiness of drivers and that has become a main problem of the automotive industry. To overcome this in automotive industry the introduction of new technologies that is by introducing of new sensor which can detect the different activities. Detection of activities by sensors is for biological measuring such as heartbeat, oxygen level, respiration activity, etc. By applying such widespread variety of sensor usage in the system has a very high implementation cost and also very complexity which is a bit challenging design. In this paper, we are going study that how humantenna effect is used to detect and test the drive drowsiness by using simple and budget sensors in automotive industry.
Influence of Casuarina equisetifolia L. raised at different spacings on fertility status of soil and tree growth
Authors: Patel R. , Tandel M. , Patel S. , Desai M. , Jadeja D.
Published: February 2022

The present study was under taken to identify best spacements of Casuarina equisetifolia L. for its growth and development as well as nutrient status of soil in South Gujarat condition. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with six replications. The composite soil samples were taken at upper (0-45 cm) depth of the soil. Among all the spacements of Casuarina equisetifolia, 2.0 x 2.0 m spacing recorded maximum impact on the status of major (266.00, 59.62 and 441.59 kg ha-1, respectively for N2, P2O5 and K2O) and micro (19.64, 45.58, 1.21 and 1.35 mg kg-1, respectively for Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) nutrients as well as organic carbon content (1.13 %) in soil. The needle fall (0.65 kg/m2), thickness of needle fall (7.9 cm) and tree height (20.44 m) were recorded maximum in T1 (2.0 x 2.0 m). While, girth at breast height (78.75 cm) and crown width (3.90 m) were recorded significantly maximum in T4 (8.0 x 2.0 m) spacing.
Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Herman  , Muhariani Wulan
Published: February 2022

The spread of covid 19 since March 2020 has been evenly distributed throughout Indonesia, and has an impact on the joints of life, especially in the field of education. The decline in interest in higher education has decreased due to limited face-to-face meetings and a reduction in manpower in various fields, so that people choose to postpone college. Through case studies with interviews and literature, answering questions on the strategy of universities to find students during the pandemic, by elaborating on marketing communication, product strategies, pricing strategies, brands of goods that are explained with theories related to the answer to the decline that occurred due to the spread of COVID-19, reduction of labor in various fields. , as well as the shift in learning methods from alluring to daring to the stuttering of the community to adapt, so they choose to postpone college. The awareness, inquire, visit, & info session, apply, and admit strategies and their descriptions are alternatives to attracting new students, so that the impact of COVID-19 in the world of education can be minimized.
Barriers and facilitators of the effectiveness of the clinical pedagogical supervision of nursing and obstetric students in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Talato TASSEMBEDO , Patrice NGANGUE , PILABRE Arzouma Hermann , Yacouba PAFADNAM , Téwendé KINDA Abel , Abibata BARRO , Doulaye TRAORE , Nestor BATIONO , Dieudonné SOUBEIGA
Published: February 2022

Objective: Education in nursing and obstetrics combines theoretical learning with clinical experience. Thus, the internship organization and the supervision of a trainee require the cooperation of different partners in educational and health institutions that receive the trainees. This systematic review aimed to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of clinical educational supervision of nursing and obstetrics students.Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMeb, CINAHL and ERIC) were searched. Two independent reviewers selected eligible publications based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative, quantitative or mixed studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published between January 2011 and December 2020 were included.Results: The study revealed that while there are some strengths (facilitators), clinical pedagogical supervision presents mostly weaknesses (barriers) at the structural and procedural levels. Of the 65 factors studied, all nine studies were unanimous that 54 were barriers and 3 were facilitators. In addition, eight factors were cited as both barriers and facilitators.Conclusions: Clinical pedagogical supervision of nursing and midwifery students in sub-Saharan Africa faces major challenges of diverse origins that may undermine its effectiveness. It would be appropriate at the country level to analyze the barriers inherent in this supervision's structure and process and improve them.
Bone mineral density and vitamin D levels in parkinson’s disease: A retrospective controlled study
Authors: Yakşi Elif , Yaşar Mustafa Fatih
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study aimed to compare bone mineral density and vitamin D levels in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and healthy controls.Methods: Eighty-six patients aged 60-85, diagnosed with PD and receiving regular medical treatment for the disease were screened. Data for 34 participants (19 women and 15 men) meeting the inclusion criteria were entered into the retrospective analysis. The data for 31 healthy age- and sex-matched participants (18 women and 13 men) were also included. Bone mineral density (BMD) values and vitamin D levels of each participant were recorded.Results: BMD values for the femoral neck and total hip in the PD group were statistically significantly lower than healthy controls. In addition, T-scores for the femoral neck, total hip, and trochanteric area, and Z-scores for the total hip and trochanteric area were also lower in the patients with PD than in the healthy controls. The two groups did not have significant differences regarding lumbar spinal BMD measurements and T- and Z-score values or vitamin D levels.Conclusion: PD’s total hip and femoral neck BMD measurements are low. Further multicenter studies involving larger patient populations are now needed to understand the incidence and mechanisms of osteoporosis in PD.
Отслеживание объектов
Authors: Bektemyssova G.U. , Ainabek Zh.B.
Published: February 2022

Moving object tracking is very useful in many computer vision applications. The most famous examples are surveillance systems in crowded public places, traffic control systems, motion capture systems for electronic games, applications for human-computer interaction, and many others. Recently, a large number of approaches have been proposed for tracking objects. However, no algorithm has yet been developed that would cope with all the existing problems of object tracking. This article aims to analyze the existing problems, as well as consider ways to solve them.

Отслеживание движущихся объектов очень полезно во многих приложе-ниях компьютерного зрения. Хорошо известные примеры таких приложений включают си-стемы наблюдения в многолюдных общественных местах, системы захвата движения для электронных игр, системы управления дорожным движением, приложения для взаимодействия человека с компьютером и многие другие. В последние годы было внедрено большое количество подходов к отслеживанию объектов. Однако пока не разработан алгоритм, который справился бы со всеми существующими проблемами отслеживания объектов. Эта статья призвана проанализировать существующие проблемы слежения за объектами, а также предложить способы ихрешения.
A business process model based on logistics processes
Authors: Куандыков А.А. , Ускенбаева Р.К. , Кальпеева Ж.Б. , Касымова А.Б.
Published: February 2022

В данной статье предложена многоцелевая и многозадачная модель бизнес-процесса которая отражает спецификацию бизнес-процесса и выполняет роль шаблона (pattern) для проектирования систем автоматизации бизнес-процессов; служитосновой для создания диалого-вой, вопрос-ответной и экспертной системы принятия решений, а также при создании платформ для проектирования и разработки систем автоматизации бизнес-процессов.Задана структура и состав общей модели бизнес-процесса, которая состоит из комбинаций частных моделей, отражающих особенности отдельных аспектов бизнес-процесса.Предполагается, что общая и частные модели бизнес-процесса послужат основой и/или войдут в состав диалоговой системы принятия решений, а также платформы и САПР процессов проекти-рования и разработки систем автоматизации бизнес-процессов, в частности бизнес-процессов ло-гистики

This article proposes a multipurpose and multitasking model of a business process that reflects the specification of a business process and acts as a pattern for designing business pro-cess automation systems; serves as the basis for creating an interactive, question-answer and expert decision-making system, as well as for creating platforms for the design and development of busi-ness process automation systems.The structure and composition of the general model of the business process, which consists of combinations of private models, reflecting the features of individual aspects of the business process, is given.It is assumed that the general and particular models of the business process will serve as the basis and / or will be included in the dialogue decision-making system, as well as the platform and CAD of the design and development of business process automation systems, in particular, logistics business processes.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ БОГАТСТВА В 21 ВЕКЕ
Authors: Бердыкулова Г.М.
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена экономическойкатегории «богатство» для понимания необходимости использования фундаментальных основ, опыта передовых стран, уникальных возможностей в развитии нематериальных активов и интеллектуальной собственности, как новых источников социально-экономического развития человека, предприятия и нации.

The article is devoted to the economic category "wealth" to understand the need to use the fundamental foundations, experience of advanced countries, unique opportunities in the de-velopment of intangible assets and intellectual property as new sources of socio-economic development of a person, enterprise and nation.
ДИАГНОСТИКА ИНТЕРНЕТ-ЗАВИСИМОСТИ В ПОДРОСТКОВОЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: Абдуллаева Г.О.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены результаты диагностического исследования Интернет-зависимости в подростковой среде. Описано эмпирическое исследование, которое осуществлялось на основе выделенных компонентов и показателей личностной сферы современного подростка, а также уровнями сформированности Интернет-зависимости. Представлен комплекс методов диа-гностики и анализ результатов исследования Интернет-зависимости подростков, обучающихся в КГУ школе-гимназии No8 г. Алматы. Результаты показали, что психолого-педагогическая диагно-стика Интернет-зависимости подростков должна содержать комплекс методов, позволяющих определить уровень сформированности социально-коммуникативного, эмоционально-рефлексивного и поведенческого компонентов личностной сферы подростка.
Knowledge and associated factors towards patient safety among nurses working at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in 2021
Authors: Phuong Thu Hong , Hoang Van Lan , Do Minh Sinh
Published: February 2022

Objective: to describe the knowledge and to identify associated factors towards patient safety among nurses working at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in 2021.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 346 nurses working at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 1, 2021 to June 31, 2021. The data were collected from nurses by using a questionnaire which based on patient safety guidelines published by Ministry of Health.
Results: The nurse’s level of good knowledge towards patient safety was 65.9%. Only age, educational qualification, having training on patient safety, taking care of patients directly were factors significantly associated with knowledge towards patient safety. In detail, nurses who were more than 40 years olds had good knowledge towards patient safety was 3.47 times compared with the younger group; nures with postgraduate degree had good knowledge of patient safety was more than 2.9 times compared with the group of nurses with lower qualifications; Nurses who had been patient safety training and who took care of patients directly had good knowlegde of patient safety were 1.8 times and 2.56 times in comparison with the group of nurses without patient safety training and did not take care of patients directly.
Conclusion: the percentage of nurses with good knowledge of patient safety was low. Factors related to patient safety knowledge of nurses included: age, education qualification, having training in patient safety and directly taking care of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to perform continuing education and improve the capacity of nurses on patient safety, especially prioritizing infection control.
Implementation of National Standards of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure
Authors: Elyani Fitriyah
Published: February 2022

The implementation of the administration of equipment and supplies is already a routine job and people are faced with less significant difficulties, but to improve the work the experts suggest some guidelines for the implementation of the administration, the principal as an administrator should not be too busy himself directly with the affairs of the administration of equipment and supplies. teaching equipment, carrying out proper recording so that it is easy to do, administration of teaching equipment and equipment must always be reviewed from a service perspective to help facilitate the implementation of teaching programs The above conditions will be met if the administrator includes all teachers in planning the selection, distribution and use and supervision of teaching equipment and supplies.
Curriculum Organization Development Process in Developing Education Indonesia
Authors: Halim Abdul
Published: February 2022

Learning that takes place in the classroom without a clear curriculum will make it difficult for students to understand the lessons delivered by the teacher. Organizing the curriculum means choosing clear and objective goals that are in accordance with the needs and interests of students. The elements of the curriculum organization include: concepts, generalizations, skills, values. The curriculum organization model is a subject approach, combined subjects, broad coverage, integrated curriculum, core curriculum, activity curriculum.
Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia in Dengue Fever Patients
Authors: Khan Nida Tabassum , Hussain Shabbir
Published: February 2022

Dengue fever (DF) is an intense febrile disease described by abrupt beginning of fever of 3-5 days, intense migraine, myalgia, joint pain, retro-orbital agony, anorexia, gastrointestinal unsettling influences and different levels of thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia has reliably been one of the likely clinical pointers of dengue severity. As our studies revealed that overall prevalence of thrombocytopenia in Dengue is high i.e., 69% from mild to severe. However, since the female to male ratio i.e., 21:79 was unfairly very low to generalize the gender-wise prevalence result. In addition, severity of clinical manifestation of dengue disease were correlated with the respective platelet counts and there was a negative correlation between platelet count and clinical complications indicating that lower the platelet count more are the complications and their respective severity as patients with lower platelet count was found to have higher chances of non-hemorrhagic complications. Further forthcoming investigations are expected to assess the utility of other blood indices in dengue fever so, there is a need to concentrate on the detail hematology profile and comprehend its significance so that the adverse outcomes of this rapidly spreading disease can be controlled to a great extent.
Experimental Model of Determining Drape Coefficient of Fabric through Image Analyzing Techniques
Authors: Nguyen Tuan-Anh , Ta Vu Thuc Oanh , Nguyen Thanh Hau
Published: February 2022

Softness is an essential key in designing, processing and using a lot of textile products. This paper is to approach fabric softness based on an experimental model of determining drape coefficient (i.e., a ratio of projected area of fabric sample to its undraped area) through analysis of digital images obtained from pixel histogram on a graphic software (PTS). Such investigations help to not only quantitatively evaluate but also significantly enhance accuracy for measurements of fabric softness owing to advances in digital image processing technology. Moreover, as comparing to previously conventional methods of calculating projected area such as tracing paper and edge contour, this model presented many advantages, especially time saving. Particularly, the results of drape coefficient obtained from cotton (CT) and polyester (PE) fabrics measured by this model clarified the affected factors on structural characteristics for both textile fiber and textile fabric. The experimental measurements of crease recovery and bending angle on textile woven fabrics were conducted to give additional affirmation about drape coefficient for the model with high reliability and practicality.
Asset Mapping and Focus Group Usage: An Exploration of the Russian-Ukrainian Population’s Need For and Use of Health-Related Community Resources
Authors: Anglin Jennifer , Newsham Tina , Hutchins Matthew
Published: February 2022

Community resources are an important aspect of preventive medicine and can also provide support to individuals with existing medical conditions. However, resources may not address all population groups within the community equally, and immigrants, who frequently face cultural and language barriers, are often unable to access the full range of healthcare resources available in the community. The purpose of this study was to gain insight on healthcare needs, attitudes, and access of a Ukrainian immigrant population in a large town in northern Indiana. Focus groups were conducted as a first step to creating connections upon which a community-based participatory research project could be built. Findings revealed cultural barriers (lack of understanding of health insurance options or value, belief that similar services were less expensive in the Ukraine) and language issues (lack of translation services or resources written in languages other than English or Spanish) were key barriers to accessing healthcare resources in the community. Concerns about dental care and its expense were also voiced. Future efforts might build on these findings by exploring policies and practices that affect various immigrant groups’ access to community healthcare resources. Recommendations for such efforts are also discussed.
Twas a Thursday in Class…
Authors: Pentecost Victoria , Willis Alexis , Jenkins Dusty
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe a service-learning partnership between a human sexuality class and a community agency that assists those affected by intimate partner violence and sexual assault, and the benefits of the service-learning experience from the viewpoints of two of the students.
Power and Negotiation in a University/Community Partnership Serving Jewish Teen Girls
Authors: Catlett Beth , Proweller Amira , Crabtree-Nelson Sonya
Published: February 2022

University/community partnerships involve collaborative work with great potential and risk. This work can allow for productive exchanges that improve the quality of programs and enable broader dissemination of innovative ideas and practices grounded in feminist and social justice ideals. However, institutional demands and individual commitments introduce complications. This paper examines the complex power dynamics that emerge from cross-institutional partnering and program delivery in the context of a feminist education and youth-led participatory action research program for Jewish teen girls. Specifically, we examine the previously under-studied topic of university/community collaboration in which the participating institutions are similarly situated in structures of power. We explore how power dynamics and the partners’ shared and differential strategic goals were negotiated within a context of distinct institutional mandates, with a focus on the pressures of time, funding, and developing youth participatory action research with relatively privileged youth. We discuss implications and strategies for navigating complex university/community engagements that enable balanced, long-term, and sustained partnerships in which mutual interests are served.
Generating Equity-Oriented Partnerships: A Framework for Reflection and Practice
Authors: Teeters Leah , Jurow A. Susan
Published: February 2022

Research that links action across multiple scales of practice is particularly relevant for organizing consequential social change. The aim of this article is to present an evaluation framework to support community-based researchers in generating methods of engagement that can expand opportunities for non-dominant community members across scales of practice. Drawing on a five-year community-engaged research project, this article presents a framework outlining five dimensions of a community-engaged research trajectory: (1) establishing partnerships; (2) developing trust; (3) working with diverse linguistic practices; (4) planning for different forms of action; and (5) outcomes and dissemination. This is developed as a formative evaluation tool intended to be used throughout the research collaboration to inform the iterative process of learning collaborations and design work.
Civic Capacity and Engagement in Building Welcoming and Inclusive Communities for Newcomers: Praxis, Recommendations, and Policy Implications
Authors: Guo-Brennan Michael , Guo-Brennan Linyuan
Published: February 2022

As newcomers, immigrants and refugees contribute to social and cultural diversity, and play an important role in communities’ social and economic development. However, their talent, energy, and entrepreneurial spirit and skills can only be fully harnessed when the communities are welcoming and inclusive. Drawing from a two-year qualitative research study conducted in the Province of Prince Edward Island, Canada, this paper examines the degree of civic capacity, along with policies and practices related to building a welcoming and inclusive community for immigrants and refugees. Through examining civic capacity and high-impact practices and programs to support the integration of immigrants and refugees, this paper shares new insights on how community stakeholders interact with each other to support or subvert the inclusion and equity in the community and offers policy implications and practical recommendations on building welcoming communities for immigrants and refugees in small communities.
The effect of service quality and school image on loyalty through satisfaction of parents of students at elementary school semut-semut the natural school
Authors: Budiman Ujang Mukti , Wibow Imam , Wachyudi Mr.
Published: February 2022

This study aims to: 1) analyze the effect of service quality and on parental satisfaction 2) analyze the effect of school image on parental satisfaction 3) analyze the effect of service quality and school image on parental satisfaction 4) analyze the effect of service quality on customer loyalty, 5) analyze the effect of school image on parental loyalty, 6) analyze the effect of service quality and school image on parental loyalty, 7) analyze the effect of parental satisfaction on parental loyalty, 8) analyze the effect of service quality on parental loyalty through parental satisfaction, 9) analyzed the effect of school image on parental loyalty through parental satisfaction. The research was conducted at the Elementary School Semut-semut The Natural School with a research sample of 85 parents of the Elementary School Semut-semut The Natural School. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling technique. The data analysis method used descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results showed that: 1) there is an effect of service quality and on parental satisfaction 2) there is an influence of school image on parental satisfaction 3) there is an influence of service quality and school image on parental satisfaction 4) there is an influence of service quality on customer loyalty, 5) there is an effect of school image on parental loyalty, 6) there is an influence of service quality and school image on parental loyalty, 7) there is an influence of parental satisfaction on parental loyalty, 8) service quality affects parental loyalty through parental satisfaction, 9) school image has no effect on parental loyalty through parental satisfaction.
The influence of product quality and price on customer satisfaction through of purchase intention the internet package 4G LTE net1 PT sampoerna Telekomunikasi Indonesia
Authors: Luthfi Mr. , Suharto Mr. , Hoesin Wagiarto
Published: February 2022

This study aims to: 1) analyze the effect of product quality and price on purchase intention, 2) analyze the effect of product quality and price on customer satisfaction, 3) analyze the effect of purchase intention on customer satisfaction, 4) analyze the effect of product quality and price on customer satisfaction through purchase interest. The research was conducted on PT Sampoerna Telekomunikasi Indonesia 4G LTE Net1 internet package product with a research sample of 100 customers. The sampling technique used simple random sampling technique. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results show that: 1) there is an effect of product quality and price on purchase intention, 2) there is an effect of product quality and price on customer satisfaction, 3) there is an effect of purchase intention on customer satisfaction, 4) purchase intention does not play a role in improving product quality and prices for customer satisfaction on PT Sampoerna Telekomunikasi Indonesia 4G LTE Net1 internet package product.
PLURALISME HUKUM SEBAGAI MODEL PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM YANG BERKEADILAN
Authors: Subroto Wandi
Published: February 2022

Legal diversity is evident in Indonesian criminal law, which is based on colonial law, and the existing social structures in the country. Furthermore, the 1945 Constitution specifies that as long as customary law groups exist, the state respects and preserves them and their historical rights. To accommodate written and unwritten conventions, diverse legal politics messo (intermediaries) implement macro-legal politics through various legislation. According to Agrarian Law, for example, there has been little recognition that customary law exists. The evolution of Indonesian law depends on recognizing and promoting the country's substantial plurality of legal systems.
Adverse events in children and adolescents in tuberculosis chemotherapy with second- and third-line drugs
Authors:   ФГАОУ ВО «Российский научно-исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России,  кафедра фтизиатрии, Zubova E.D. , Tathodzhaeva G.R. , Sentchihina O.Yu. , Kiselevitch O.K. , Yusubova A.N. , Vlasova E.E. ,   ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study. analysis of undesirable side effects when using second-and third-line drugs in the chemotherapy regimens of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Materials and methods. The study included 109 children with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at the age of 0 to 18 years, who received b ckup drugs. Group I consisted of patients receiving fluoroquinolones and second – line oral bacteriostatic drugs along with first – line drugs (71 people, 65.1%), group II-patients who, in addition to second-line drugs, included linezolid in the chemotherapy regimen (28 people, 25.7%), group III-patients whose treatment regimen included bedaquiline, linezolid and PASC (10 people, 9.2%). The results of the study. The development of undesirable side effects in the three groups of patients was noted in 32.4–42.8%, which did not differ significantly. Most of them were toxic reactions (from 100.0% to 69.2%). Undesirable side effects in the regimens including linezolid were observed only in group III, in 20% (2 people) with severe concomitant pathology. In group II, where linezolid was used without bedaquiline, no adverse reactions to linezolid were observed. Conclusions. The administration of PTP to children from group A according to WHO (levofloxacin / moxifloxacin linezolid, bedaquiline) in some cases is vital, since only they can provide an adequate chemotherapy regimen. There was no significant increase in the number and severity of adverse events.
Ineffective treatment of female infertility associated with generalized tuberculosis
Authors:   ГБУЗ Московской области «Московский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер», Smerdin S.V. , Plekhanova M.A. , Yakovleva A.A. , Shishilyakina N.N. , Gorlova S.V.
Published: February 2022

The article presents a clinical case of generalized tuberculosis in a woman with multiple pregnancies after in vitro fertilization, which indicates the continuing problem of early detection of tuberculosis and timely implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures. Lack of alertness of doctors of the general medical network in relation to tuberculosis, including extrapulmonary localizations. Moreover, emphasizes the problem of managing patients with infertility in combination with latent tuberculosis, including the use of in vitro fertilization.
Prevalence of Lower Extremity Malaignment in Rice Farmers
Authors: Karukunchitab Usa , Swangnetrac Manida , Puntumetakulab Rungthip , Eungpinichpongab Wichai , Emasithib Alongkot
Published: February 2022

Rice farming activities in Thailand are still based on manual work and human-machine interaction. Most tasks are involved awkward postures, repetitive motion, high force and prolonged work. Long-term exposure to ergonomics risks and lower extremity disorders can produce lower extremity malalignment, which has been reported to increase risk of lower extremity injury and disabilities. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of lower extremity malalignment in rice farmers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 292 rice farmers in Khon- Kaen province, Thailand. Participants were required to have experience at least one year in rice cultivation process and have no current injury on back and lower extremity or any previous history that affected the lower extremity alignment. The measurement included pelvic angle, femoral antetorsion, quadriceps (Q) angle, tibiofemoral angle, genu recurvatum, tibial torsion, rearfoot angle and medial longitudinal arch angle. Results revealed the prevalence of lower extremity characteristics to be highest in foot pronation (20.89%), followed by knee valgus (18.49%), respectively. Other malalignment included external tibial torsion (11.64%), anterior pelvic tilt (10.96%), femoral antetorsion (6.85%), knee hyperextension (5.82%), and knee varus (3.43%). The findings indicated lower extremity malalignment to be common among Thai rice farmers, especially foot and knee malalignment. The knowledge gained from this study will be beneficial for healthcare providers in order to advise farmers on lower extremity malalignment prevention and self-management.
Effect of Backpack Carriage Position on Physiological Cost and Subjective Responses of University Students
Authors: Joseph Salil , Sengupta Arijit
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that the position of a backpack has on physiological cost and perceptual responses of university students. Twelve male volunteers walked at a brisk pace along a half-mile indoor course that included level hallways, stairs, and ramps carrying books weighing 15% of their body weight in a backpack on upper back vs. lower back placement vs. no load condition. Average heart rate (HR) and subjective body discomfort ratings in neck, shoulder, upper back and lower back were significantly higher (p<.05) for carrying the backpack as compared to walking with no load. The peak HR was significantly higher (p<.05) for upper backpack position (122 bpm) compared to that for lower backpack position (117 bpm). Average HR, body discomfort ratings, and fatigue measures of bilateral trapezius muscles showed increasing trends from no load to lower backpack to upper backpack positions; however the increases were not statistically significant. The results indicated that wearing the backpack on upper back may impose additional physical stress on male university students.
Identification of High-Intensity Physical Activities during Child Rearing Using a Triaxial Accelerometer
Authors: Takanokura Masato , Ariizumi Kenji , Imai Nozomu , Taki Seiko , Yamada Tetsuo
Published: February 2022

Child rearing is an important activity for parents or caregivers, but the workload involved in child rearing has not yet been quantitatively assessed to improve the works. This study measured the daily physical activity of three fathers and one mother by an activity meter which included a triaxial accelerometer, in terms of metabolic equivalents (METs) and the type of activity (locomotive or non-locomotive). Participant wore the activity meter around their chest from awakening in the morning to sleeping at night during child rearing and while working. They also manually recorded their activity during certain 30-minutes periods via a questionnaire. All the participants undertook the high-intensity activities (3.0-6.0 METs) while having meals, tidying, accompanying, playing, shopping, and moving with the children. The mother also undertook the high-intensity activity (3.0-4.7 METs) during housework and cooking. Activities for child rearing registered the same intensity as commuting or working, but these activities appeared intermittently. The results suggest that services such as child-care rooms in shopping centers or short-term care by caregivers at the parent’s home should be provided for parents and their children. These services will motivate parents to think that child rearing is positive and worthwhile.
Measurement of Subject-Specific Local Muscle Fatigability
Authors: Ma Liang , Chang Jing
Published: February 2022

Cumulative muscle fatigue is one of the potential reasons leading to musculoskeletal disorders, and individual differences also result in different muscle fatigue progressions among workers while completing the same physical operation. Determination of subject-specific muscle fatigability could help the assignment of work-rest schedule individually, and further reduce musculoskeletal disorders. In this paper, the subject-specific fatigability is defined, and the features of subject-specific fatigability are proposed. According to the definition, a muscle fatigue model based approach is proposed and compared with conventional methods used to demonstrate fatigability. A novel and efficient method to determine subject-specific fatigue rate is developed based a muscle fatigue model and preliminarily validated by comparing force decline data from the literature.
Influence of Parameters on Landmark Automatic Identification from Three Dimensional (3D) Data
Authors: Liu Jingchen. , Zhang Le. , Chen Xiao. , Niu Jianwei.
Published: February 2022

Local feature extraction is one of the fundamental aspects of the Three Dimensional (3D) data process and thus is quite promising. In our previous study, an algorithm combining Spin Image (SI) with Hidden Markov Model (HMM), was developed and applied on a 200 people database to automatically identify facial landmarks from 3D face data. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of facial landmark identification with different parameter combinations, i.e. Bin Size (BS) and Support Angle (SA). Bin Size can improve or reduce Identification Accuracy Rate (IAR) by its value. The mean value of IAR increases with the Bin Size until the size reaches 10, when IAR acquires its maximum value 100% and remains constant before the Bin Size reaches 65. After that, IAR dropped with the increase of Bin Size, the velocity of the drop keeps increasing. Support Angle influences IAR positively. Support Angle starts to function at the value of 10 degrees, then, IAR increases with it until it reaches the degree of 90, when IAR acquired and maintained a constant maximum value of 100%. There are still several aspects need to be further studied such as efficiency and robustness. Moreover, using our method to identify landmarks on other human body segments is worth more investigation.
ErgoCapture – A Motion Capture Based Ergonomics Risk Assessment Tool
Authors: Szabó Gyula
Published: February 2022

In the reduction of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders risk assessment tools have a central role. Although plenty of ergonomic risk assessment tool is availably their application is limited due to the inhomogeneity of the work, the difficulty of the selection of the proper assessment tool, the difficulty of the measurement of forces, joint angles and movement speed and the difficulty in the determination of risk modifying factors like vibration and heat.According to the EN 1005 standard the Composite Ergonomics Risk Assessment includes posture, force extension, manual handling and repetitive movements analysis, and in addition a subjective fatigue assessment. Since the Composite Ergonomics Risk Assessment (CERA) is based on the direct wMSD risk factors, the pages reflect to the posture and movement of the user and the evaluation of the working environment. The ErgoCapture system not only makes the risk assessment more precise and easy, but also opens possibilities to eliminate some general limitations of the ergonomic risk assessment methodology. In this paper some findings of a research and development process of a 3D camera based ergonomic risk assessment tool is presented. The report includes the data acquisition environment, the data analysis framework, and the perspectives of the underlying risk monitor approach. A motion capture technology based human posture analysis is presented, where nearest-neighbor analysis was used for data processing.
Investigation of the Effect of Individual Metabolic Differences on Workers Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Nanda Baidya Keshaba
Published: February 2022

Evidence that workers have suffered from Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been noted as far back as 1713, though was known by different names, e.g. writer’s cramp, repetitive strain injury (RSI). These days, students and office workers, who use computer and mobile phones are suffering from it along with process and factory workers. Every year millions of workers are suffering from MSDs. Low productivity, workers’ compensation and other costs due to MSDs are costing billions of dollars every year to employers and governments. Some workers are susceptible to one type of MSDs but not others, despite performing the same repetitive work. This has surprised management and researchers. Researchers have not considered workers’ metabolic types in analysing their research, although correlation between health problems, repetitive work and metabolic types of the workers was reported in 1875. Three metabolic types: ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph have distinct physical, physiological and psychological traits. The purpose of this research is to find the reasons why some workers are susceptible to one type of MSDs and others are not. By understanding that, it will be possible to develop a strategy to prevent MSDs by studying input, throughput and output. Metabolic types explain why some workers are susceptible to one type of MSDs and others are not, despite performing the same work.
The Role of Ergonomics in Architectonic and Marketing Operations
Authors: Janowicz Rafał
Published: February 2022

The 20th century, along with the development of mass culture, brought a rapid increase of marketing communication significance. At first, this branch of art had an informational function associated with advertising operations. Nowadays, an increase of marketing specialists’ interest in influencing a human being by the space they stay in may be observed. Ergonomics plays an important role in such operations. The aim of this article is to show the association between ergonomics, marketing communication and architecture. Examples of using ergonomics in designing buildings with chosen utilitarian functions will be presented. This issue will be discussed, among others, on examples of marketing terms functioning in architectonic design, such as: customer’s path shaping, speed of moving, sight leading, and influencing the comfort of using the space.
A Performance Support Tool for Human Factors Design and Evaluation
Authors: Andre Terence , Ford Rod , Meyer Ryan , Sebok Angelia
Published: February 2022

H-FAST (Human Factors Analysis Support Tool) is a research and development project with NASA to increase human factors awareness among design engineers, facilitate communication between human factors engineers and design engineers, and promote the application of human factors best practices earlier in the design cycle. H-FAST reduces the amount of in-person time needed for evaluations by Human factors specialists by organizing their body of knowledge and presenting it in a way that is usable by engineers throughout the design process. H-FAST also provides detailed guidance regarding human factors evaluations and the capability to store data and provide feedback on the results of these evaluations. H-FAST will improve the engineering design process by providing engineers with easy access to detailed human factors methods, relevant research, and subject matter expert contact information. This will empower engineers to create more usable systems, thus reducing the number of design iterations and resulting in higher-quality products. In this paper, we describe the identification and development of relevant human factors information that was included in the tool, discuss the methods and results of a user test at NASA, and provide an overview of how H-FAST can be extended to other domains such as commercial aviation, homeland security, and product design.
The Role of User Factors on the Ease of Using Graphical Notation Systems
Authors: Ziefle Martina , Arning Katrin
Published: February 2022

In this study, the usability and the learnability of Graphical notation systems in process modeling languages (PMM) are examined. The learnability of PMMs largely depends on the individual PMM knowledge of employees, but also on process-specific knowledge about task elements, process routines and required resources. Differing cognitive abilities might also hamper a correct understanding of process models. Applying a user-centered research approach, a three-step experimental procedure was carried out focusing on the usability of PMM. First, a usability analysis of the graphical notation system of the C3 PMM was conducted, using a naming task (n = 35) and the sign production method (n = 30) in order to check the understandability of the original elements of the C3 - PPM. On the base of the outcomes, elements were reshaped in a second step. Third, the comprehensibility and the learnability of the C3 notation system were assessed (n = 22). In addition, the impact of user factors on learnability and comprehensibility of notation elements was analyzed. The findings show that the efficiency and the effectiveness of graphical notation systems depend on the degree to which user-centered design principles are carefully considered. Usability evaluation methods from the Human-Computer Interaction research were successfully applied to industrial contexts.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Preference for Relationally Framed Decision Alternatives
Authors: D. Sanera Lelyn , Mathisb Andrew , Blokb Sergey , Glazerc Sharon , Pavisicc Ivica , Paletza Susannah
Published: February 2022

Much research on cross-cultural psychology has focused on either culture-level dimensions or individual values as starting points for explaining the influence of culture on individual reasoning and decision-making. Culture is a complex concept, however, determined by the beliefs and behaviors of both individuals and of social systems. To understand how culture predicts the behavior of an individual in a situation requires lower-level descriptors of how individuals and groups interact in different contexts. We investigated the application of Relational Models Theory (Fiske, 1992) as a way both to describe social situations and to distinguish cultures by which relational models their members consider to be the most appropriate in different situations. We presented decision scenarios to participants from different cultural backgrounds through a survey and asked them to rate the appropriateness of several responses to each scenario that were oriented toward different relational models. We observed significant interactions between cultural background, scenario, and the ratings given to options associated with each relational model. We concluded that relational models might provide a valuable tool for understanding cultural differences in individual decision-making, but that the context of the situation itself also has a significant impact on the options people consider to be most appropriate for resolving situations.
Reading Patterns of Life: Practical Tools from Ethnography
Authors: St. Benoita Tracy , Graffeob Clarissa
Published: February 2022

Cross-cultural liaisons and advisors face numerous challenges understanding and adjusting to different cultures and working cross-culturally to accomplish capacity building goals. While pre-assignment culture-specific training is important, it cannot adequately prepare individuals for the full range of relevant information, requiring personnel to build and refine socio-cultural knowledge “on the ground.” Ethnography offers best practices for performing such cultural sensemaking in the field. Further complicating the issue, however, is the understanding that “culture” is not a unified whole, but rather a set of complex interacting systems; globalization, disconnections between politically and ethnically defined boundaries in host nations, and the interaction of cultural and practical or situational contexts mean that learning “culture” may not be sufficient. To provide sensemaking skills and interpretive tools that are actionable across cultural boundaries and accommodate social complexity we propose a Patterns of Life (PoL) framework that incorporates observable practices, social structures, interactions, and relationships not only among humans but also including the environment, objects, and non-human actors. We then outline our Ethnographically-informed Sensemaking Protocol (ESP), an iterative, reflective process drawing from ethnographic methods (e.g., participant observation and ethnographic interviewing protocols) to develop a holistic understanding of the human domain. We finally present an illustrative use case.