bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understand the Idea of Big Data and in Present Scenario
Authors: i Patel Chirag Kumar Dilipbhai Patel , Peddi Dr. Prasadu
Published: August 2023

Big data analytics and deep learning are two of data science's most promising areas of convergence. The importance of Big Data has grown recently as several organizations, both public and commercial, have been amassing large amounts of region-specific data that may provide useful information on topics like as national information, advanced security, blackmail area, development, and prosperity informatics. For Big Data Analytics, where data is often unstructured and unlabeled, Deep Learning's ability to analyze and learn from large amounts of data on its own is a crucial feature. In this review, we look at how Deep Learning can be used to solve some of the most pressing problems in Big Data Analytics, including model isolation from large data sets, semantic querying, data marking, smart data recovery, and the automation of discriminative tasks.
Classifier Model using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kaur Inderjit , Saini Dr. Pardeep
Published: August 2023

When it comes to AI and ML, precision in categorization is of the utmost importance. In this research, the use of supervised instance selection (SIS) to improve the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in classification is investigated. The goal of SIS is to enhance the accuracy of future classification tasks by identifying and selecting a subset of examples from the original dataset. The purpose of this research is to provide light on how useful SIS is as a preprocessing tool for artificial neural network-based classification. The work aims to improve the input dataset to ANNs by using SIS, which may help with problems caused by noisy or redundant data. The ultimate goal is to improve ANNs' ability to identify data points properly across a wide range of application areas.
A Brief Survey on Data Preprocessing Techniques based on Image Represented by a Fuzzy Function using Neural Network
Authors: Ranjan Nihar
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Deep neural network recently created offers insight on how high-level picture representation may be automatically learnedin raw pixels. Deep learning with Convolutional Neural Networks has showed significant potential in the classification and improvement of picture, but is frequently unfit for predictive modelling without spatial connections utilizing data. In order to organize high dimensional vectors in a compact way for CNN- based profound learning, we offer a method to representation. This study shows the use of deep neural networks to create a system thatcan identify different texture characteristics.
Bi-Directional American Sign Language and English Translator Using Machine Learning and Computer Vision
Authors: Reddy Ashwin
Published: August 2023

Abstract: American sign language is a language that is used by those individuals who are physically impaired and cannot communicate through common spoken languages. Due to lack of awareness and a small population of individuals using sign language, those who rely on it as their only means of communication require human sign language translators in order to be able to communicate with the more fortunate abled individuals. However, in reality, it is not alway practically feasible to have a human translator present at all times. That is why automation of a human sign language translator’s work can prove to be a more suitable alternative in a broader spectrum of use cases. A portable and practical sign language translator proves to be more socially and technically feasible than a human sign language translator. Keeping these set of circumstances in mind we are developing an application that allows two-way communication between a physically impaired individual and an abled individual. The application is designed for two categories of users : those who use ASL as their primary language for communication (disabled) and those who use English as their primary language for communication (abled). The primal aim is to curb the language barrier that exists between the 2 categories of individuals in the hopes of providing better opportunities in society for the less fortunate through the use of our application. We propose to use a machine learning, computer vision based model that is capable of learning and performing the translations between English text and American Sign Language and vice versa.
Comparison between RCC and Composite Buildings: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Patidar Tushar , Maru Dr. Savita
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Reinforced Concrete (RCC) and Composite buildings, evaluating their performance, design, seismic behavior, cost-efficiency, and sustainability. It outlines their distinct characteristics and structural suitability. The review examines construction methods and technology, highlighting advantages and limitations. Environmental impact, embodied energy, and recyclability are assessed for sustainable construction practices. Economic considerations encompass initial costs, maintenance, and life-cycle analysis. Seismic performance and design strategies are analyzed for resilience in seismic-prone regions. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of various research papers associated with the topic of RCC and Composite buildings comparison and its various advancements. A thorough literature review has conducted along with analysis of previous works in this field, our study has identified conclusive outcomes from the gap of the study that form the basis of our research objectives that will offer technical insights and propose recommendations for technical research work in this field.
Advancements in Handwritten Digit Recognition: A Literature Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Rathore Lokesh , Yadav Ramji
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Handwritten digit recognition is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision and machine learning. With the advent of digitized data and advanced algorithms, this area has experienced significant advancements over the years. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various techniques and methodologies employed in handwritten digit recognition. We explore the historical context, state-of-the-art approaches, challenges, and real-world applications of this important field
Pushover Analysis of Structures Subjected to Combined Actions of Earthquake and Wind
Authors: Rai Mr. Naman Kumar , Rai Prof. Anubhav
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This paper puts forward a framework to investigate the structural performance of buildings subject to the combined action of earthquakes and wind. The study uses a pushover analysis to determine strength capacities of low- and medium-rise concrete structures to compare versus their strength, as inferred from the Indian code for seismic design. The analysis addresses soil-structure interactions through the scrutiny of fixed-base and flexible- base conditions of three soil types ranging between dense and soft. The parametric study covers micro me- topological winds whose mean value spans between 0.5 m/s and 20 m/s. The simulated multi-load scenarios induce ductility levels going from 1 to 6 to totalize 288 case studies. The proposed framework reveals that consideration of earthquake and wind simultaneous effects could modify performance levels used for design through enhancing ductility demands. This evidences that, under current design recommendations, structures located in earthquake prone areas susceptible to unexpected levels of damage.
Breast Cancer Detection and Prediction using Image Processing and ML
Authors: V Dwarakanath G , Bhairagond Megha
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening forms of cancer that affects a significant number of women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and survival rates. Machine learning algorithms have the potential to analyze large volumes of medical imaging data, extract meaningful features, and assist in the identification of suspicious regions or potential tumors. By leveraging these algorithms, healthcare professionals can make more accurate and timely diagnoses, leading to improved patient care and outcomes. Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer that affects a significant number of women worldwide. Early detection plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and survival rates. Breast cancer detection refers to the process of identifying abnormal changes in breast tissue, such as tumors or growths, that may indicate the presence of cancer cells. Early detection plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes by allowing for timely intervention and targeted treatment plans. Several techniques are utilized in breast cancer detection, including screening mammography, clinical breast examination, and breast self-examination. Mammography, the most common method, involves using low-dose X-rays to capture images of the breast tissue. It can detect tumors or suspicious areas even before they can be felt by a physician or the patient. In recent years, advancements in medical imaging and machine learning techniques have shown promising results in breast cancer detection. The designing of the model began with classification of Histopathological image dataset into Cancerous and Non - cancerous classes using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms. Both the classifiers are examined on the basis of sensitivity, specificity..
Improved Phishing Detection using Ensemble Models in Machine Learning
Authors: Dasari Sri Sai Phani Venkat , Kolukula Dr. Nitalaksheswara Rao
Published: August 2023

Abstract: A phishing attack is one of the simplest ways to obtain sensitive information from unaware, innocent users. The main motive of the phishers is to acquire critical information like usernames, passwords, and bank account details using a malicious link that looks genuine. Users with sound technical knowledge might be able to identify these links quickly, but this will cause harm to naive users, leading to a loss of privacy and assets. There are techniques to detect spam, such as content-based and the sender's reputation-based detection. This project aims to present an approach to detect phishing attacks based on the URL and by applying Machine Learning.
Various Cyber - Attack on Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Charnanand Dr. Bhumika , Rathod Chetan
Published: August 2023

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of technology across various fields, the significance of security has grown exponentially. As information is transmitted over networks or stored in devices, the question of data security has become a critical aspect of technology. To address this concern, data encryption is employed, wherein the data is encoded in a secure manner. However, the pressing question remains: can data truly be safeguarded against all cyber-attacks? In order to encrypt data, different algorithms are utilized, each with its own unique characteristics and level of security. The purpose of this paper is to delve into the impact of various types of attacks on these encryption algorithms. By examining the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of different encryption methods, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of these algorithms when subjected to cyber-attacks.
A Review on Cryptography in the Field of Internet of Things
Authors: Charnanand Dr. Bhumika , Rathod Chetan
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In this contemporary age of technological advancements, the expanse of IoT devices has permeated every facet of our surroundings. IoT has evolved into an indispensable component across various domains. The proliferation of IoT devices has inevitably brought forth concerns regarding the security of the data they produce. With the accumulation of exabytes of data from IoT devices, a pressing need for ensuring data security, particularly as it traverses the internet, has arisen. The consistent generation of substantial data by IoT devices on a daily basis further complicates the task of safeguarding this information. Cryptography emerges as a potent solution in addressing this challenge. By leveraging cryptographic techniques, it becomes feasible to establish a robust and effective layer of security within the realm of IoT. This study is primarily dedicated to the escalating presence of IoT devices and the role of cryptography in furnishing solutions for managing the data generated by these IoT devices.
The Effect of Lamtoro Leaf POC and Tofu Liquid Waste on the Growth of Cayenne Chili (Capsicum frutescens)
Authors: Siska Andriyani  , Suparti Suparti
Published: August 2023

Background: Liquid organic fertilizer is a fermented solution of organic plant residues, animal and human feces containing nutrients. Lamtoro and tofu liquid waste contain N, P, K, Mg, and Ca, which are suspected to have the potential for liquid organic fertilizer to increase the growth of cayenne pepper (C. frutescens). This study aims to determine the effect of giving POC from lamtoro leaves and tofu liquid waste on the growth of cayenne pepper (C. frutescens). Methods: This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two replications. POC volume 1:1 consisted of two-liter lamtoro leaf extract and 2-liter tofu liquid waste. The first factor is the volume concentration of POC with the respective concentrations of V0: 0%, V1: 10%, V2: 20%, and V3: 30%. The second factor is the time of spraying POC T1: 3 days interval and T2: 6 days interval. Parameters measured included plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and plant fresh weight (g). Results: 20% volume (V2) with three-day intervals (T1) gave the best results for plant height (20.10 cm), number of leaves (7.00 leaves), and plant fresh weight (11.50 g). 0% volume (V0) with an interval of 6 days (T2) gave the lowest yield on plant height (6.35 cm), number of leaves (3.00 leaves), and fresh weight of plants (3.00 leaves). Conclusions: Application POC from lamtoro leaves and tofu liquid waste can potentially increase the growth of cayenne pepper (C. frutescens).
Pharmaceutical Activity of Medicinal Plant Amaranthus viridis Linn. Due to Its Chemical Constituents: A Review
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Haider Ali , Fatima Urooj
Published: August 2023

Background: Amaranthus viridis, a herbal plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, has gained significant attention in the field of traditional medicine due to its rich chemical composition. This plant is known to contain various bioactive components that contribute to its pharmaceutical value. With its extensive range of chemical compounds, Amaranthus viridis has found applications in therapeutic, pharmaceutics, and cosmetic industries. In this study, we aim to explore the medicinal potential of Amaranthus viridis and investigate its various pharmaceutical activities. Methods: The process of writing this review involved conducting comprehensive electronic research using reputable sources, including international and national article databases, along with books accessed through platforms like Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect and others. The gathered data is subsequently analyzed, followed by employing synthetic approaches with narrative methods to derive meaningful conclusions and interpretations. Results: Amaranthus viridis displays potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to its rich composition of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and zinc. Its diverse pharmaceutical activities make it a promising contender for medicinal use, addressing labor pain, skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis, and respiratory issues, while also exhibiting antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. It can be accomplished by Extraction with solvent, Phytochemical screening and Isolation and purification. Conclusion: Amaranthus viridis, a herbal plant, shows significant potential in therapeutic, pharmaceutics, and makeup industries. Its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and zinc, contribute to its diverse pharmaceutical activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and antihelmintic properties.
Novel CRISPR-Cas9 approach to combat with COVID-19
Authors: Jahanzaib Ali
Published: August 2023

Background: The recent outbreak of Corona Virus has affected people all over the world so that WHO declared it a pandemic. This pandemic has become a major problem for people, health professionals, and research institutes that how to combat SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this review article is to provide a brief study that CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to combat SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The comparison of three genome editing techniques (ZNF, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9) is done. The mechanism of action of CRISPR/Cas9 is discussed. Results: The studies provided in this review article suggest that it is difficult to recognize this virus as they have their own metabolic machinery and they replicate their selves in the host cell and consume host cellular products to perform their own functions. The COVID-19 proteins may contain some specific areas that are suitable targets for therapy, such as tiny inhibitor molecules for viral polymerase, or impede the attachment of viruses to the receptor sites, for example, viral coat proteins can be used for vaccination purposes. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to control the SARS-CoV-2 genome from replication and spread to other parts of the body as it can edit the genome quite efficiently. This proposed model will help in targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome more precisely in the future.
The Effect of the Problem-Based Learning Model with the Help of Digital Comics on Students' Scientific Literacy Skills
Authors: Marpaung Rini Rita T. , Yolida Berti , Faros Arrum Ardila , Priadi Median Agus , Maulina Dina , Rakhmawati Ismi , Meriza Nadya , Fatimatuzzahra Laily , Fatmawati Yosi
Published: August 2023

Background: The low scientific literacy of students is caused by the selection of models and learning media that are less varied. This study aims to analyze the effect of the PBL model with digital comics on students’ scientific literacy on environmental pollution material. Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. The research sample used classes, namely class VII A and VII F, with 55 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. Results: The experimental class's average N-Gain of scientific literacy ability (0.42 ± 0.171) is moderate, while the control class (0.26 ± 0.17) is low. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001 < 0.0, meaning that the PBL model using digital comics model cs influences students' scientific literacy skills.
Comparative Study of The Physiological Condition of Six Tree Species to Air Pollution in Depok City, West Java
Authors: Ajenk Ayunda  , Yuniati Ratna , Windri Handayani
Published: August 2023

Background: Air pollution is a threat to the environment. Sources of air pollutants in urban environments can be in the form of dust, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons. Plants can help clean air pollutants from the atmosphere by absorption through the stomata, accumulating them, or by adsorption on the leaf surface. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) is used as an evaluation benchmark for the Physiological conditions of plants exposed to air pollution. This research aims to study the physiological conditions of six tree species in air conditions in the Depok City area and to assess the plants' tolerance level based on the APTI calculation. Methods: The physiological parameters measured to calculate APTI were ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and Relative Water Content (RWC). The six tree species used as objects in this study were Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bauhinia purpurea, Ficus septica, Filicium decipiens, and Nephelium lappaceum. Results: Differences in the physiological conditions of six tree species in the Depok City area based on the average ascorbic acid values, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and RWC. In addition, there are also differences in APTI parameters between the two research locations. Conclusions: Filicium decipiens is the plant species with the highest APTI, while Artocarpus heterophyllus has the lowest. Based on the APTI scores, Bauhinia purpurea, Ficus septica, Filicium decipiens, Nephelium lappaceum belong to moderately tolerant category, Artocarpus altilis belongs to an intermediate category, Artocarpus heterophyllus belongs to sensitive category.
Assessment on the Pattern of Drug Information Queries in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Chennai
Authors: Singh S. Daniel Sundar , Shailaja K , Bharathi Priya. K , Leena Muppa , Dhivya K , Jeevitha S , Priyadharshini V
Published: August 2023

The drug information services help to assist healthcare workers to address patient-specific drug-related needs and promote rational drug use. The objective of the study is to assess the pattern of drug information queries in a tertiary care hospital from the Physician, Nurses, Pharmacists, Students, and other healthcare professionals. In one year, the drug information queries have been received, documented and retrospectively analyzed for various parameters including the professional status of the requestor, mode of receipt and reply, type and purpose of query, and reference details. Out of 588 queries received, the majority were answered by Physicians (n=468; 79.59%), followed by Pharmacists (n=55; 9.35%), Nurses (n=15; 2.55%), also Technicians (n=9; 1.53%), Students (n=21; 3.58%), Patients (n=3; 0.5%) and other health care professionals (n=17; 2.90%). The secondary resources (Micromedex/Medscape) were used majorly, followed by Textbooks (n=117; 19.89%), Internet (n=103; 17.51%), Journals (n=23; 3.9%) and others (n=5; 0.85%). The most common drug-related query was Pharmacological drug profile (n=149; 25.34%) and including Product identification (n=132; 22.44%), Product Information (n=84; 14.28%), Adverse Drug Reactions (n=74; 12.58%), Therapeutic uses (n=55; 9.35%) and others (n=94; 15.98%). Drug Information Services has been developed to promote rational prescribing patterns among prescribers, reduce medication errors and provide better clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Drug Information Centre (DIC), Query, Drug Information Services, Patient care, Tertiary Care Hospital, Clinical Pharmacist.
Genetic diversity of ex-situ conserved Arabica cofee (Coffea arabica L.) accessions in Ethiopia as revealed by simple sequence repeats markers
Authors: Benti Tadesse , Gebre Endale , Tesfaye Kassahun , Berecha Gezahegn , Lashermes Philippe , Kyallo Martina , Yao Nasser
Published: August 2023

So far, there has been limited use of molecular markers in arabica coffee breeding program in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to explore the effectiveness of simple sequence repeats markers (SSRs) in detecting polymor- phism and to assess the extent of genetic diversity and relationships among ex-situconserved Arabica coffee accessions. Sixty-two forest coffee accessions planted in the experimental plot of the Ethiopian coffee breeding program were evaluated using 14 SSR markers. These markers amplified a total of 100 alleles, varying from four to ten alleles per locus, with an average of 7.2 across all loci. The rate of polymorphism ranged from 75 to 100, with a mean value of 96.4 across the accessions. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.26 to 0.92, with a mean value of 0.70. The genetic similarity coefficient values between 72% possible pair-wise combinations ranged from 0.18 to 0.50, with overall mean value of 0.44.The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity grouped the accessions into five main clusters and two singletons at <0.47 similarity coefficient value. These results indicate the effectiveness of the SSR markers in detecting polymorphism and the presence of a high level of genetic diversity and distant relatedness among the studied coffee accessions. The observed diversity could be exploited in the future coffee breeding program to develop heterotic hybrid coffee varieties through crossing of divergent parental lines. The highly informative SSRs markers can be also used in genetic analysis of Arabica coffee germplasm conserved in the field gene bank at Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) to establish core collections for effective conservation, management and utilization purposes
Application of Coconut Shell Biochar and Rhizobacteria Consortium to Increase Cocoa Production (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Laurenze Reynaldi , Ala Ambo , Saleh Ifayanti Ridwan
Published: August 2023

The decline in Indonesia’s cocoa production as a result of soil fertility degra dation causes fertilization to become one of effective effects. Because of that, it is possible to restore soil fertility potential by using soil fertility enhancer biochar combined with rhizobacteria consortium to create suitable conditions for plant.This research was aimed to study and investigate coconut shell biochar interacts with rhizobacteria in increasing cocoa production. This research was conducted at Kodeoha, North Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi from September 2022 until March 2023. A split plot design with three replications each consisted of two experimental units was used as an experimental design. Biochar dosage as the main plot consisted of four levels, namely 0 ton ha-1 (control), 2.5 ton ha-1, 5 ton ha-1, and 7.5 ton ha-1 and rhizobacteria concentration as the sub plots consisted offour levels, namely 0 mL L-1, 50 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, and 150 mL L-1. Results of this research showed a significant interaction between biochar 5 tons ha-1 and rhizobacteria 100 mL L-1 which provide best result for chlorophyll a (336 μmol m-2), chlorophyll b (150 μmol m-2), and total chlorophyll (484 μmol m-2). The interaction between biochar 5 tons ha-1 and rhizobacteria 150 mL L-1 showed the best results for number of harvested pods per tree (10.00 pods), bean weight per tree (606 g trees-1), stomata opening area (31 μm2). The interaction between biochar 7.5 tons ha-1 and rhizobacteria 150 mL L-1 showed the best results on the weight of 100 dry beans at water content 8% (159.03 g)
Assessing the demand and current status of agricultural mechanization in major coffee-production areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Tikuneh Dessye Belay , Issa Mubarek M , Tefera Yared D
Published: August 2023

Ethiopia, the primary coffee producer in Africa and the fifth in the world is facing challenges in agricultural mechanization. The research aims to assess the status, constraints, preferences, and demand of mechanization in Ethiopia, focusing on strategies to improve smallholder access to capital-intensive inputs and bridgethe gap between mechanization and farmers’ needs. A household survey and focus group discussions were conducted on 136 random samples using a multistage procedure, with semi-structured questionnaires used to interview 81 households of small-scale and 19 households of large-scale coffee farmers. The studyfound that preferences for each operation during coffee production are based on difficulties in work drudgery, with 42.45% believing that the first energy-consuming operation is hole digging for coffee plantation and cultivation. Coffee harvesting is a highly time-sensitive operation for 49.4% of smallholder farmers, with handtools being the main implement dominantly used for weeding. Poor harvesting practices reduce the quality of coffee during processing, and some unions have two or more wet mills using old machinery. The main challenges for low mechanization in Ethiopia include difficult topography, fragmented land, a lack of manpower,lack of awareness of technology, weak linkages of coffee mechanization channels, high technology costs, a shortage of running budgets, and a weak support system of cooperatives and unions. Experts suggest that capacity building on extension systems is the best way to facilitate the extension system of coffee mechanization technology. Assessments of technology manufacturers, machine assemblers, maintenance service providers, and importers were conducted in Harar, Hawassa, Jimma, Bonga, and Addis Ababa cities. Challenges include a lack of enabling laws and incentives to facilitate business start-ups. Importation of small-scale enginedriven equipment is an additional means to meet demand in some cooperativesand may provide farmers with an alternative source of cheaper machinery. Ethiopian academics and higher education institutions are essential players in exploring mechanization options, and public and private sectors, including cooperatives and farmer organizations, need to have a clear understanding of their respectiveresponsibilities and areas for collaboration.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Helopeltis Species on Cocoa from Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, Indonesia
Authors: Aldini Gracia Melsiana , Rahma Anisa Aulia , Budiman Aris
Published: August 2023

Severe crop loss of cocoa in Indonesia has long been reported to be caused by Helopeltis. It has been noted that cocoa and Helopeltis have existed in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, for about 100 years, and the species have developed during that time. Our study aimed for examining the Helopeltis species that attacked cocoa in this experimental station both morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly and to compare the species with the one attacking cocoa in Java and Nusa Tenggara, preserved at the GenBank. Helopeltis was sampled from infested cocoa pods collected representatively from cocoa at the Kaliwining ES and then reared in the Crop Protection Laboratory of ICCRI. Adults of Helopeltis laboratory-reared insects were identified, 30 females 30 males were selected. Weexamined the morphology and morphometry of the samples, and their identifica tion was based on an insect identification key. Morphometry measurement of male and female body parts includes body length, antenna segments, head, eyes, collar, wing, tibia, and femur. In addition, the molecular identification of Helopeltissp. was made through DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence analysis of DNA target regions using the COI part of mitochondrial DNA. External morphological identification, supported by morphometry of the Helopeltis specimen from Kaliwning, the white bands on all femora, body length, and the ratio of the firstantennal segment to the posterior width of the pronotum suggested that the insect belongs to Helopeltis bradyi. Similarly, molecular identification using PCR amplification through specific primers from COI gene sequences confirmed that Helopeltis specimens from Kaliwining are classified as Helopeltis bradyi.
Cocoa agroforestry systems and yield dynamics within the Offinso Municipality of Ghana.
Authors: Quainoo-Mensah Florence , Afele John Tennyson , Gorleku David Ofoe
Published: August 2023

Cocoa production remains an important player in Ghana’s economy. Over the years, there has been a shift from the traditional cocoa agroforestry system to full-sun cocoa production. Due to extreme exposure to high temperatures, sunlight and drought, the photosynthetic mechanism of cocoa is altered, reducing yield.Cocoa agroforestry provides economic, social, and ecological benefits and plays subsistence functions such food and fuelwood. The study was carried out to assess cocoa agroforestry systems based on shade and its effect on yield in the Offinso Municipality of Ghana. The study aimed to identify the types of cocoa agroforestry systems based on shade, determine the factors affecting cocoa agroforestry systems and assess the impact of shade regime on cocoa yield in the municipality. Purposively cocoa farmers were randomly and were adminis-tered with questionnaires. The study revealed that farmers in the Offinso Municipality practice all types of cocoa agroforestry systems (full sun, low shade, medium shade, and heavy shade). The cultivation of cocoa under medium shade (15–18 trees ha-1) proved to be beneficial and essential for the long-term production ofcocoa. The medium-shade cocoa recorded a higher average yield of 1576 kg ha-1. Six common shade trees identified include Terminalia superba (ofram), Ricinodendron heudelotii (wawa) and Chlorophora excelsa (odum). Some challenges faced as a result of practicing the cocoa agroforestry system were pest infestationand diseases such as that of the black pod. Cocoa agroforestry still holds the key to sustainable future outputs in cocoa production as it drives the realization of SDG goal 13 (climate action). There is therefore the need to educate farmers on managing their farms with trees for optimum ecological and economic benefits.
Growth of Two Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Planting Materials on Three Growing Media Composition
Authors: Fuadi Mubaroq Zahrul , Anita-Sari Ndah , Abdul Hakim Nurman , Nazirman , , Wibowo Ari , Setyawan Bayu
Published: August 2023

Seed growth and uniformity are keys in producing high quality and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Plant growth is influenced by internal factors (genetics)and external factors, including planting media. This study aimed to determine the effect of cocoa planting material types and planting media of cocoa seedlings.The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, using a split-plot group randomized design. The main plot was the planting media consisting of topsoil, topsoil and rice husk, and topsoil and manure. The subplots consisted of two types of cocoa planting material: hybrid seeds ICCRI 08H and half-sib Sulawesi 1. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that the media influenced on seedling growth uniformity, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Genetic factors affect plant height and stem diameter. The interaction of media and the type of planting material affect the stem diameter and number of leaves. Cocoa seedling growth with the best plant height and stem diameter was shown in topsoil and manure media, while the response to the number of lleaves showed differences between ages and planting media used. ICCRI 08H hybrid cocoa planting material showed the highest plant height and stem diameter compared to Sulawesi 1 half-sib
Moroccan Teachers’ Perceptions and Concerns about ICT Integration
Authors: Baytar El Mustapha , Ettourouri Abdelaziz , Saqri Nadia , Ouchaouka Lynda
Published: August 2023

Integrating technology into teaching practices often changes teachers’ work patterns. Thus, several studies have insisted on supporting such change by understanding teachers’ concerns. The present study adopts the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) as a conceptual framework to examine Moroccan teachers’ concerns about integrating information and communications technology (ICT). To this end, we relied on a self-reporting instrument for a sample of teachers (n = 382) from two Regional Academies of Education. Our findings suggest that the overall profile of teachers’ stages of concern (SoC) is that of “reluctant” non-users. This profile showed high percentiles for the first three SoC, a low consequence stage percentile, medium percentiles for the management and collaboration stages, and a tailing up at the refocusing stage. Furthermore, the results highlighted a positive relationship between teachers’ concerns about integrating ICT and previous continuous training on the one hand and the pandemic’s impact on their attitudes toward self-training on the other. In addition, significant differences in teachers’ concerns regarding teaching experience and age were found. Our study provides change leaders insight into teachers’ concerns about integrating technology which will help the field design appropriate interventions to reduce their limiting concerns.
Assessment of the Harvest-Based Initiative in Tanzania’s protected areas: addressing management issues and challenges
Authors: Nachihangu Jovine , Masao Catherine , Nahonyo Cuthbert , richard upendo , Kiondo Khalfani , Mulamula Lilian
Published: August 2023

Harvest-based Initiatives (HBI) are local communities’ responsible use
of wildlife resources to raise living standards and reduce unlawful
activities in protected areas. It includes fishing, beekeeping, local
hunting, and other resources. Although it has the potential for
conservation and supporting livelihoods, it is not well-known in some
areas of Tanzania. This study examines the implementation and management
of HBI in the Ugalla game reserve and the challenges it encounters to
ensure the sustainable utilisation of wildlife resources. We gathered
data from 141 trade union members using a semi-structured questionnaire
pre-tested with 30 members. Data collected included general
characteristics, criteria for joining a union, participation in HBI, and
challenges faced. We performed a reliability analysis test and a
validity check to ensure the questionnaires are trustworthy and the data
collected was accurate. Descriptive data were analysed using
percentages, and the Chi-square test (X2) and generalised linear model
were used to determine differences and factors affecting community
decision-making satisfaction. Qualitative data from professional and
trade union leaders were analysed using content analysis. Results showed
significant involvement of trade union members in decision-making and a
strong correlation between membership and satisfaction. Challenges faced
included corruption, closing fishing camps, poaching, change of game
reserve managers, hunting companies, and awareness of game reserve laws.
Local communities set conditions for HBI participation and exclude those
without legal access to wildlife resources. If there are any issues
regarding the practice, then they are addressed through negotiation
between the trade union and the game management. Additionally, groups
that share the same ethnicity tend to adhere to established norms,
taboos, traditions, and historical practices in managing wildlife
resources to sustain the well-being of their local communities.
Therefore, regulations are needed for local communities’ use of
resources in protected areas for their livelihoods and support of
conservation
Anesthetic Management during Endovascular Ultrasound Renal Denervation for hypertensive patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Two case reports.
Authors: Huang Yan , Zheng Yuanzhi , He Junpeng
Published: August 2023

Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation (u-RDN) is a new, effective
and non-pharmacological therapy for hypertensive patients with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), requiring analgesia and sedation due to
pain and discomfort. However, most OSA patients have difficult airways,
and the selection of sedative and analgesic drugs is limited during
u-RDN because drugs affecting sympathetic nerve activity need to avoid
as much as possible. Appropriate anesthesia method can provide adequate
analgesia and maintain stability of respiration and circulation, which
is also related to better u-RDN results. Therefore, the anesthetic
management of hypertensive patients with OSA during u-RDN is challenging
and it is clinically important to explore best perioperative anesthesia
strategy in the management of u-RDN procedure in these patients. We
describe two cases of anesthesia management for hypertensive patients
with severe OSA during u-RDN, which demonstrate that conscious analgesia
based on remifentanil infusion combined with intermittent fentanyl bolus
to enhance analgesia may improve hemodynamic stability, reduce the risk
of respiratory depression and the need for airway support in
hypertensive patients with OSA during u-RDN.
Barriers to accessing eye care among the elderly in Pakistan: A mixed methods study
Authors: Malik Manal , N Strang , Hafeez Aiman , Shabbir Mujtaba , Iftikhar Farah , S Jonuscheit
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The provision of accessible eye care services can help
reduce the prevalence of avoidable blindness within a population by
providing timely high-quality interventions to those in need. Our aim
was to identify and quantify barriers to accessing eye care for the
elderly population in Pakistan, which prevent effective eye care
delivery to this group. Patients’ experiences with the Sehat Sahulat
(health insurance) programme (SSP) in relation to eye care were also
explored. Methods: Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods
design, an initial qualitative phase explored participant experiences
and identified specific barriers. The qualitative study provided the
basis for the development of a customised survey tool. The survey tool
was used in a second phase to obtain quantitative data of barriers and
costs associated with accessing eye care. Results: Numerous
considerable barriers were identified, including illiteracy, long travel
times, female gender, old age, mobility issues, and costs, all of which
limited access to eye care in Pakistan. Awareness surrounding the use of
the SSP was poor, with the programme seldom used for eye care costs.
Conclusions: This study provides valuable evidence on patient
experience with eye care services in urban and rural areas of Pakistan,
including expenditure, patient priorities, and enablers and barriers to
accessing eye care. Areas for improvement should focus on educating the
public on eye health, increasing the availability of secondary eye care
services in rural areas, improving accessibility within eye care
facilities, addressing gender disparities, and reducing costs associated
with eye care treatments, potentially through advancement of the SSP.
Pressure-Induced Crystallization and Topochemical Cross-Linking of Polytriacetylene
Authors: Bian Kaifu , Hu Keda , Fan Hongyou , Qin Yang
Published: August 2023

Topochemical reactions have been extensively studied in organic and
polymer chemistry, and are conventionally triggered by heat and/or
light. Pressure, as one of the fundamental thermodynamic parameters, has
recently been applied to study phase transitions of inorganic and hybrid
nanomaterials on both microscopic and macroscopic scales. Relatively
fewer studies have been focused on high-pressure behaviors, especially
pressure-induced reactions, on organic and polymer molecules and
assemblies. Polytriacetylenes (PTAs) are unique conjugated polymers with
all-carbon main-chains consisted of alternating double bonds and
diacetylene units. Although diacetylene units are prime examples capable
of light-induced topochemical polymerization into polydiacetylene, PTAs
are found to be very stable under light irradiation. Here we report our
observation that in a diamond anvil cell (DAC), applying low pressure
leads to crystallization and ordering of PTAs bearing linear alkyl
side-chains. Further increasing pressure leads to irreversible
cross-linking reactions, resulting in materials of graphyne-like
structures, appearances, optical properties, and solubilities. Findings
in this paper thus reveal the potential of using pressure to guide
conjugated polymer self-assembly and to induce chemical reactions toward
new materials discoveries.
Phylogenetic structure of plant community, and its relationship with environmental components
Authors: Nosrati Houshang , Mirtajadini Seied Mansoor , Jahanshahi Mahmoudreza
Published: August 2023

The processes shaping the biological communities are ongoing debates.
Two theories of Niche and Neutral are the most accepted ones,
emphasizing on interspecific competition/environmental filtering, and
stochastic processes, respectively. Recently the subject is investigated
by incorporating phylogeny into ecological approaches. We investigated
plant communities structure in Kerman, Iran, by constructing
phylogenetic tree for the species pool using megatree of vascular plants
in R Package V.PhyloMaker2, and subsequently calculated communities’
phylogenetic diversity indices (PDI) of Faith, Net Relatedness index
(NRI) and Nearest Taxon index (NTI). Relationship of the indecis with
environmental components and species abundance was studied using R
Packages Picante and Vegan, respectively. The communities’ compositions
were calculated based on both abundance-weighted and phylogeny-weighted
species compositions, and their correlation was investigated by Mental
test. Similarity among the communities was evaluated by ordination
analyses of Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Principal
Coordinates of Phylogenetic Structure (PCPS), respectively. The
communities’ NRI and NTI values were positive and smaller than threshold
value of 1.96, indicating clustered structure of the communities,
highlighting environmental filtering role. Soil pH and moisture were
significantly correlated with NTI, but only soil moisture affected on
NRI. However, soil EC, altitude, slope degree and aspects did not affect
on NRI and NTI. None of the six environmental components affected the
communities’ species abundance. NMDS- and PCPS-wieghted communities’
compositions was not correlated. The results showed that the species
assemblage was determined by only environmental filtering, highlighting
importance of environmental factors rather than interspecific
competition in distribution of species in the region.
Enhancing production and purity of 9-OH-AD from phytosterols by balancing metabolic flux of the side-chain degradation and 9-position hydroxylation in Mycobacterium neoaurum
Authors: zhu xiaomei , Wang Xiao , Zhang Jian , wang Xuedong
Published: August 2023

9α-Hydroxyandroster-4-ene-3,17-dione (9-OH-AD) is a representative
steroid drug intermediate that can be prepared by phytosterols (PS)
biotransformation with mycobacteria in a resting cell-cyclodextrin
system. In this study, over-expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase (Hsd4A) was testified to enhance the side-chain
degradation of PS and to reduce the incomplete degradation by-products.
Meanwhile, the complete degradation product 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD)
was increased due to lack of 3-Ketosteroid 9α-Hydroxylase (KshA1)
activities. To increase the production and purity of 9-OH-AD, the
metabolic pathway of the side-chain degradation of PS and 9-position
hydroxylation was modulated by balancing the over-expression of Hsd4A
and KshA1 in mycobacteria and reducing the bioconversion rate via
lowering the ratio of PS and cyclodextrin. The production and purity of
9-OH-AD in broth were improved from 22.18 g/L and 77.13% to 28.27 g/L
and 87.84%, with a molar yield of 78.32%.
PREVALENCE AND INVESTIGATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES (CAPILLARIA SPP.) IN DOMESTIC PIGEON (COLUMBA LIVIA) IN BAHAWALPUR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Aziz Ishrat
Published: August 2023

The research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of
gastrointestinal nematodes (capillaria specie) or the risk of
capillariasis in domestic pigeons (Columbia Livia). Fecal samples of 100
pigeons (30 males and 70 females) belonging to the 30 breeds were
collected from the four different houses of Dilawar colony, the area of
Bahawalpur in May 2023, and proceeded qualitatively through direct
microscopy and floatation method. In this study, 18 (11 males and 7
females) out of the 100 samples (with a prevalence 18%) were infected
with Capillaria spp. of nematodes. The qualitative examination also
revealed that the capillaria spp. of nematodes was more prevalent in
males (36.67%) than females (10%). This study will be helpful in
raising awareness among pigeon owners to improve their health status
through better control of capillariasis and provide them with a better
hygienic or healthy environment.