bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA DESTILATOR ELEKTRIK SEBAGAI ALAT DESTILASI PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN BIOETHANOL
Authors: Sehwantoro Wahyu , Hindarti Fifin , Oktivina Mawar
Published: May 2022

Reserves of fuel oil, especially those from fossil fuels, are dwindling, while the people's need for fuel oil is increasing. Dependence on fossil fuels needs to be addressed immediately. So it is necessary to develop renewable energy sources as alternative energy to replace fuel oil. One of them is by utilizing bioethanol as an alternative. The process of making bioethanol involves a distillation process. In this study, the design and performance test of an electric distillation apparatus was carried out by utilizing molasses as a raw material for making bioethanol. The aim is to determine the quality of the alcohol content in bioethanol which is processed using an electric distillation apparatus. Electrical distillator testing includes functional tests and performance tests. Functional testing is done by testing the components used in the tool so that it can be seen whether the tool is functioning properly. Meanwhile, the performance test of the electric distillator is an automatic performance test of a tool to produce bioethanol. The performance test procedure of the electric distillator was carried out using a bimetallic thermostat of 76ºC and 85ºC, to measure the distillation time and determine the alcohol content in bioethanol. From the results of the study, it was found that for an electric distillator that uses a bimetallic thermostat of 76˚C, the processing time of 70.43 hours produces bioethanol with an alcohol content of 61.7% and an electric distillator that uses a bimetallic thermostat of 85˚C with a processing time of 0.56 hours to produce bioethanol. with an alcohol content of 35%.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE SCRUM DAN ANALISIS SWOT SEBAGAI STRATEGI FRAMEWORK CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT(CRM) PADA PERUSAHAAN RENTAL MOBIL
Authors: Eriana Emi Sita , Zein Afrizal
Published: May 2022

The rapid competition of business, it is necessary to implement the right strategies to support its business processes, one of which is through customer relationship management, with the aim of creating customer loyalty. Loyalty is expected to be done, ranging from customers who are looking for information to finish getting the service. The application of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is the right alternative solution to realize customer loyalty. Implement an e-CRM system by applying scrum methods and SWOT analysis. The SCRUM method is software that includes agile development that uses an object-oriented approach and includes planning, design, coding, and testing activities. Implementation of Scrum Modeling with three phases: pregame, scrum phase, post-game. After the application is evaluated with the SWOT method maximizes strengths and opportunities, but can simultaneously minimize weaknesses and threats, from the sprint process that has been completed reviewed, and changes are needed. Website-based e-CRM system application that facilitates customer service and mamou affects customer loyalty and can support business processes on S2 Trans Karawang service.

Keywords: Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Business, Customer, SWOT Analysis, Information
OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI IKAN LELE ASAP DENGAN OTOMATISASI ATMEGA 8
Authors: Darmawan Arry , Nugroho Doni Bowo
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to design and determine the ability of the catfish smoking system automatically using the ATMega8 microcontroller and the LM 35 temperature sensor as an optimization of catfish smoking production, as well as to conduct a comparative study of smoked catfish quality and economic analysis with conventional systems. The type of research used is research and development with a 4D model approach (define, design, develop and desiminate) and comparative analysis. Data obtained through observation, testing and documentation. Then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained from this study are the design of a catfish smoking system automatically using an ATMega8 microcontroller and a temperature sensor as an optimization of catfish smoking production. The workings of the catfish smoking system is to control the rotation and smoking time using an ATMega8 microcontroller. The smoking system is able to produce 2 kilograms of smoked catfish in 120 minutes with a distance of 40 cm with a quality water content of 58.14%, ash content of 5.93%, pH value of 6.56 and TBA value of 0.02.

 

Keyword: catfish, smoking, microcontroller
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN TANGEN DELTA PADA BAHAN ISOLASI GENERATOR
Authors: Multi Abdul , Handojo Sigit Pudji
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

 

An ideal insulation is equivalent to an ideal capacitor which only stores electrical energy and does not dissipate it. In fact, when a potential difference occurs in the insulation, the polar molecules in it will move and rub together continuously so that electrical energy is dissipated in the form of heat. This energy dissipation phenomenon is equivalent to that of a resistor. Measuring the quantities associated with capacitors and resistors and their tendency to change in value with an operating time unit is the best way to determine the condition of an insulation. The value of Capacitance C, Dissipation Factor (Tan δ ) and Power Factor (Cos θ) are three significant quantities to describe the condition of an insulation. These three quantities can be measured at the same time using the Schering Bridge method in an instrument test known as the Tan-δ  instrument test. These three quantities when combined with other AC and DC measurements which also include testing with low, medium and high voltages (Over Voltage) will be an illustration related to the condition of the insulation whether it is still in good condition.

Keywords: Schering Bridge, dissipation factor, tangent delta
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MONITORING BUS TRANS SEMARANG BERBASIS LORA (LONG RANGE)
Authors: Darmana Tasdik , Annas Fadila , . Ariman
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

 

Trans Semarang buses as transportation used by residents the city of Semarang often experience delays at one corridor stop so that passenger waiting times are quite long, so monitoring is needed on each bus. LoRa with long-distance communication capabilities without an internet signal with low power over a wide area, so it can be used to monitor the position and speed of the Trans Semarang bus for efficient passenger waiting time. The tool used to monitor Trans Semarang bus consists of a transmitter section as a data sender and a receiver as a data receiver with 915 MHz LoRa communication media and there is a buzzer as a bus speed warning and an emergency button when the bus has problems on the road. The test results from this study are the device can send and receive data with the furthest distance of 2200 meters with a maximum speed that can be measured is 46 km/hour, then it can give speed limit warnings and bus emergency warnings.

Keywords : LoRa 915 MHz, Trans Semarang Bus, Distance, Speed
OPTIMALISASI OPERASIONAL TOWER CRANE PADA PEKERJAAN ARSITEKTURAL PELAKSANAAN KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG BERTINGKAT TINGGI 168 METER (PROYEK HOLLAND VILLAGE JAKARTA)
Authors: . Suharianto , Taufik Syahril
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses the operation of tower cranes in high-rise building construction. In the implementation of high-rise building projects, tower crane vertical transportation operations are very decisive as the most important means for lifting and transporting material supply on each working floor. The Holland Village Jakarta project is experiencing obstacles to the efficiency of construction completion which has not been in accordance with duration of the time schedule set. For this reason, an analysis of the optimization of tower crane operations is carried out in terms of human resource factors, material resources, method resources, and environmental conditions. And also carried out an analysis of risk management so as to achieve optimization of tower crane vertical transportation operations. The approach taken is to use risk management based on the dominant risk response analysis to make relevant strategic decisions. The configuration of 3 tower cranes is carried out by analyzing hierarchical decisions using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the selection of the best alternative configuration. The results of the hierarchy of dominant response criteria in sequence, namely: economic/cost criteria, time efficiency, ease of implementation, and criteria for transportation of architectural materials. The alternative configuration of the KTC-3 tower crane is effective as a weight value of 33.78% with a change in position configuration from the existing tower configuration. The duration of construction can be optimized by 10 days in 5.5%.

Keywords: tower crane, risk response, AHP, configuration, duration
Electrical Machine Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Deep Gaussian Process Optimized by Particle Swarm
Authors: Guo Hai , Tang Haoran , Liu Xin , , Zhao Jingying , Wang Likun
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and slow diagnosis speed in the existing fault diagnosis model of electrical machine bearing, this paper presents an electrical machine bearing fault diagnosis method based on Deep Gaussian Process of particle swarm optimization(DGP). A total of 10 characteristics of 9 damage states and no fault states of the bearing are determined， constructing a deep Gaussian process model for electrical machine bearing fault diagnosis based on expectation propagation and Monte Carlo method, and use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to perform parameter searching optimization for its induction point value. The experimental results show that the fault recognition rate of DGP on the CWRU data set reaches 95%, significantly better than other deep learning methods, integration methods and machine learning methods. DGP method can better diagnose electrical machine bearing faults, provide technical support for the safe operation of the electrical machine which are important for real industrial applications.
Single-Channel Blind Separation Using Adaptive Mode Separation- Based Wavelet Transform and ICA Single-Channel Separation of the
Authors: Kemiha Mina , Kacha Abdellah
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new method to solve the signal-channel blind source separation (SCBSS) problem has been proposed. The method is based on combining the Adaptive Mode Separation-Based Wavelet Transform (AMSWT) and the ICA-based single channel separation. First, the amplitude spectrum of the instantaneous mixture signal is obtained via the Fourier transform. Then, the AMSWT is introduced to adaptively extract spectral intrinsic components (SIC) by applying the variational scaling and wavelet functions. The AMSWT is applied to every mode to obtain the time-frequency distribution. Then the timefrequency distribution of the mixed signal is exploited. The ICA-based single-channel separation has been applied on spectral rows corresponding to different time intervals. Finally, these components are grouped using the β-distance of Gaussian distribution Dβ. Objective measure of separation quality has been performed using the scale-invariant (SI) parameters and compared with the existing method to solve SCBSS problem. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better separation performance than the existed methods, and the proposed method present a powerful method to solve de SCBSS problem. Keywords: Signal-channel blind source separation. Adaptive Mode Separation-Based Wavelet Transform. Spectral decomposition-based method. β-distance of Gaussian distribution
An Image Fusion Algorithm based on Nonsampled Contourlet Transform
Authors: Zhang Pai , Wang Lixia , Hou Tao
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a multisensor image fusion method based on non-sampling Contourlet transform is proposed. The transform has translation invariance, is suitable for expressing images with rich detail information and direction information, and can avoid the ringing effect introduced by general methods to the fused images. The image is decomposed by the transform to obtain high and low frequency components. The high-frequency component uses PCNN as the fusion rule, and the low-frequency component uses the golden section method to search the optimal low-frequency fusion weight, so as to fuse the low-frequency subband coefficients of multi-sensor images adaptively. Comparative experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better fusion effect.
Factorization of the Degree of Sphenic Polynomials Over the Galois Fields of Arbitrary Characteristics
Authors: Beletsky Anatoly
Published: May 2022

By sphenic polynomials, we mean polynomials formed by the product of three (not necessarily different) irreducible polynomials with a priori unknown degree. The study's main goal is to develop an effective algorithm for factorizing degrees of sphenic polynomials with minimal computational complexity. Different solutions to the problem of factorization degrees of sphenic polynomials depending on the ratio degree of the cycle period of these polynomials consider. The sphenic polynomial cycle period defines as a parameter equal to the number of non-repeating subtractions computed on the linear-logarithmic scale of the group formed by the sphenic polynomial. The proposed algorithm is invariant to the characteristics of the Galois fields generated by the multipliers of sphenic polynomials. Numerous numerical examples confirm the correctness of the results. Directions for further research outlines.
KECEMASAN DAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TINGKAT AKHIR
Authors: Sanger Ailine Yoan , Sepang Melania
Published: May 2022

Kualitas tidur merupakan masalah yang dialami oleh sebagian besar mahasiswa pada tingkat akhir. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir di Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Klabat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah dekriptif-korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dengan uji statistik spearman’s rho correlation. Sebanyak 111 responden digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik total sampling. Instrument yang digunakan adalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) untuk mengukur kualitas tidur dan Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HARS) untuk mengukur kecemasan mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas 46 (41,4%) responden berada pada kategori tanpa kecemasan dan mayoritas 96 (86%) responden mengalami kualitas tidur buruk. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapati nilai p = 0,000 < 0,05 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,456 . Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin meningkat tingkat kecemasan seseorang maka semakin buruk kualitas tidurnya. Begitu pula sebaliknya. Rekomendasi diberikan bagi mahasiswa agar dapat mempertahankan kesehatan mental agar tetap terjaga dan tidak terjadi kecemasan, serta untuk memperbaiki kualitas tidur menjadi baik sehingga dapat membantu dalam proses belajar mengajar ketika memiliki kualitas tidur yang baik.
TINGKAT STRES IBU DALAM PENDAMPINGAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING ANAK SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Yulianti Yanti , Ricky Denny Paul
Published: May 2022

Mother’s Stress Level in Assisting Children Online- Learning During Pandemic Covid-19 at Kecamatan Parongpong. Online learning in school-age children during Covid-19 pandemic has a special burden on mother and put they in a risk of stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the stress level of mother in assisting school-age children online learning during pandemic. The research design was quantitative descriptive. The sample of this study was 50 mothers of school-age children and obtained by random sampling method. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaire were used for collecting data and analyzed by descriptive (univariate) analysis. The result showed the stress level of mother was in moderate stress. Mother's stress level is caused by several things, such as the various mother’s roles during pandemic, the mother's education background, family’s cost of living and cost of education during pandemic. The main factors influence the stress level of the mother need to be analyzed further for the next study.

Keywords: Covid-19, Mother, Online learning, Stress level.

Pembelajaran daring pada anak usia sekolah di pandemi Covid-19 memberikan beban tersendiri bagi ibu sehingga beresiko menimbulkan stres pada ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat stres ibu yang mendampingi anak usia sekolah selama pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 50 orang ibu yang mendampingi anak usia sekolah dalam pembelajaran daring yang didapatkan dengan metode random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengunakan kuesioner Perceived stres Scale (PSS-10) dan dianalisa dengan analisis deskriptif (univariat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat stres ibu yang mendampingi anak usia sekolah dalam pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi adalah stres sedang. Tingkat stres ibu disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti berbagai peran yang harus dilakukan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, biaya hidup dan biaya pendidikan selama pembelajaran daring. Perlu dianalisis faktor yang sangat berpengaruh pada tingkat stres ibu yang mendampingi anak belajar dengan metode daring di masa pandemi.

Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Ibu, Pembelajaran daring, Tingkat stres.
A Conceptual Model of Nickel Content in the Bodies of Seafood Mollusks and their Gastrointestinal Absorption
Authors: Yap Chee Kong , Tan Wen Siang , Syazwan Wan Mohd , Azrizal-Wahid Noor , Nulit Rosimah , Mustafa Muskhazli , Abdul Rahman Mohd Amiruddin , Yap Chee Wah , Edward Franklin Berandah , Arai Takaomi , Cheng Wan Hee
Published: May 2022

There are many biomonitoring studies of nickel in the mollusks, but to understand how the nickel is accumulated in the human body and the health risk posed by the metal is not a straightforward formula. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to draw a conceptual model of nickel content in the bodies of invertebrate mollusks and their gastrointestinal absorption of nickel. This model is useful to understand how nickel accumulation in the tissues of the mollusks could affect the nickel oral ingestion pathways. This conceptual model can shed some light on the mechanisms of nickel that may cause various toxicological risks and target cancer slope formulation in the future.
An Unexpected Case of Metal Biliary Stent Fracture Detected by Contrast Enhanced 18F-FDG PET/C
Authors: Calabria Ferdinando , Leporace Mario
Published: May 2022

18F-FDG PET/CT is an useful diagnostic tool for cancer patients. In our routine practice, we perform a significant number of PET/CT scans in association with contrast enhanced CT, to assess resectability of abdominal tumors or to evaluate distant brain and liver metastases. We documented an unexpected emergency disease during a contrast enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT. In a 63-year-old male patient, examined during follow-up of lung cancer, no sites of disease relapse were detected at PET/CT; nevertheless, diffuse tracer uptake was detected along the outline of a biliary stent. Correlative contrast enhanced CT diagnosed fracture of a metallic biliary stent without any evidence of cancer involvement. Patient was referred to the local department of surgery for substitution of the biliary stent. Although rare, unexpected emergency diseases requiring urgent management are detected using 18FFDG PET/CT. Correlative CT should be carefully evaluated in order to avoid delays in diagnosis, potentially leading to poorer prognosis.
Why and How the Bio-Electric Activity of Plant Roots is Awoken When the Leaves Need Water? A Very Rapid Signal Transmission from Aerial Part to Root
Authors: Okamoto Hisashi , Kitamura Sayaka
Published: May 2022

The simplest and scientific method to determine the bioelectric activity of a plant root is the measurement of the Trans-Root Electric Potential (TRP) i.e., the electric potential difference between the xylem apoplast and the earth surrounding the root.
Exposure to Urban Air Pollution Nanoparticles: Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ehsanifar Mojtaba , Montazeri Zeinab , Rafati Mehravar
Published: May 2022

It is estimated that more than two-thirds of air pollution-related deaths are due to cardiovascular causes. Significant studies have now indicated that exposure to urban air pollutants is known to be a source of oxidative stress and inflammation that causes cardiovascular disease. Nitrogen oxides, Particulate Matter (PM) such as coarse particle (PM10, PM <10μm), fine particles (PM2.5, PM <2.5μm) and Ultra-Fine Particles (UFPs or PM0.1, PM <0.1μm,), ozone and transition metals are oxidant potent capable of producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Although several biological mechanisms are involved in cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress is an important observation in many levels of cardiovascular failure due to exposure to air pollutants. This mini-review cites evidence that oxidative stress is a key pathway for various cardiovascular measures of exposure to air pollution.
Design of a new algorithm MFCFT using ISAR imaging to improve the Cross-Range Resolution and Computation Time
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of EECE, GIT, GITAM Deemed to be University, Guttavelli Anitha
Published: May 2022

SAR imaging is a 2D Radar imaging that produces high resolution images of targets like Ships and Airplane. It uses RD, RID and RIC methods for smoothly rotating, highly rotating and maneuvering targets respectively to generate the images. In this paper, the imaging is done using a new algorithm MFCFT to improve the Cross range resolution and computation time and comparison with different algorithms is shown through the simulated results. Keywords: MFCFT, RD, RID, RIC
Mechanical characterization of chemically treated biodegraded flax/PLA composites
Authors:   Dr. K.N Modi University, Newai, Rajasthan, Singh Dharmendra , Meena Kunjee Lal ,   Dr. K.N Modi University, Newai, Rajasthan, Singh Manvijay ,   Dr. K.N Modi University, Newai, Rajasthan
Published: May 2022

Because of its composition, bio composites are completely biodegradable in nature. They can be easily decomposed with little CO2 and water molecule emissions during disposal. The effect of a 12-week soil buried test on the characteristics and degradation rate of treated and untreated flax fibre reinforced composites was investigated in this study. For eco-friendly treatment of flax fibre, sodium bicarbonate with a chemical content of 10% was utilised at different treatment times (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours). The influence of agriculture soil on the degradation rate and mechanical characteristics of produced composites was examined in a soil buried test. The results demonstrate that the pH level of the soil did not change significantly during the test. At and after the 8-week biodegradation period, a quicker rate of degradation was found. Mechanical characteristics of soil buried samples were reduced after two weeks. After an 8- week deterioration period, the tensile and flexural characteristics of produced composites are about 50% of their initial value.
HOW WAS THE SERVICE SECTOR IN LITHUANIA AFFECTED THROUGH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
Authors: Seržantė Milena , Pakalka Algimantas
Published: May 2022

This study aims to assess the impact of selected economic indicators (independent variables) on the turnover of food and beverage service companies in Lithuania. In order to achieve the intended goal of the study, an analysis of scientific articles was performed, with the primary aim to find out the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the Lithuanian economy and select five independent variables that could affect the turnover of food and beverage companies. After analysing the literature, five independent variables were highlighted: the number of tourists accom-modated, the statistics of Vilnius Airport flights, the number of employees hired, the unemployment rate and inflation. The correlation and regression analysis results show that the turnover of catering and beverage enterprises and the number of accommodated tourists are strongly correlated (r > 0.90). Meanwhile, the linear correlation between the number of Vilnius Airport flights and the number of hired employees with the research variable is average (0.60 < r < 0.70). However, the linear correlation of macroeconomic factors such as unemployment and inflation with the turno-ver of food and beverage enterprises is statistically insignificant
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TURKEY: TRENDS AND CHANGES
Authors: Artekin Ayşe Özge , Duran Mahmut Sami
Published: May 2022

Turkey, which is the connection point between Asia and Europe and is in a strategically important position, needs new markets where it can implement an effective commercial policy. According to the data of the Asian Devel-opment Bank, Asian countries, which are expected to meet more than half of the world production in 2050 with their rapid growth, and African countries, which are seen as a virgin market and advantageous in terms of cheap raw mate-rial import, offer Turkey a good market opportunity as an alternative to European region trade. On the other hand, it is expected that the agreements made by Turkey will increase the commercial potential of the country. The aim of this study is to show the cooperation with different international economic integrations, that is, the change in Turkey’s direction in trade, by reducing the risks and disadvantages of being tied to a certain region in terms of trade. The study deals with the Turkish foreign trade policy, competitiveness and trade data from the period of open-ing up after 1980 to the present, in certain periods. At the same time, it is stated in the study that with the change of Turkey’s trade policy, the share of EU countries in total foreign trade has decreased in the last twenty years, and the di-rection of Turkey’s European-intensive foreign trade has expanded to the whole world, especially to Asia. It is predicted that Turkey’s economic and political efficiency will increase with its new policies and strong commercial connections.
Bug cemetery: a case study of terrestrial isopod distribution on a brick wall in the Czech Republic
Authors: Tuf Ivan Hadrián , Weissová Nelly
Published: May 2022

Although terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) are primarily soil- and surface-dwelling invertebrates, they can also be found on tree trunks and walls. This study evaluated distribution patterns of terrestrial isopods on a brick wall during the first hours of night in autumn. Four species of terrestrial isopods were recorded with Armadillidium versicolor being the dominant one. Terrestrial isopods were distributed from ground level up to a height of 2 m, but preferred a 70–80 cm height band. The highest number of active individuals was observed 3 h after astronomical dusk. Potential predators of terrestrial isopods were abundant during the same time and at the same height.
Antipredatory strategies of terrestrial isopods
Authors: Tuf Ivan Hadrián , Ďurajková Barbora
Published: May 2022

Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) represent a widespread group of land Crustacea that have been able to successfully adapt to the terrestrial environment and occupy newly formed ecological niches. During the colonisation of land, they faced numerous challenges, including finding an effective way to avoid their new terrestrial predators. In response to predation pressure, they have developed various behavioural and morphological adaptations. These include tonic immobility, conglobation, clinging to the ground, releasing strongly acidic secretions, jumping, and efficient running away. Furthermore, terrestrial isopods can aggregate with other individuals, use stridulation, or change their typical activity time. Some of them also developed spiny tergites and aposematic colouration or posture. The majority of these strategies have not yet been studied.
Intersexuality in a natural population of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber
Authors: Zarka Jens , Parmentier Thomas , Wybouw Nicky
Published: May 2022

Intersex phenotypes are rarely observed in natural isopod populations and their expression is typically associated with infection ofWolbachia, a reproductive parasite that manipulates arthropod reproduction. During an intensive sampling effort of a natural population of the isopodPorcellio scaber, an adult individual was isolated that expressed both male and female traits. The intersex individual exhibited clearly developed external male genitalia and carried multiple eggs in its brood pouch. NoWolbachiainfection could be identified in this individual, a result that needs to be approached with caution due to suboptimal DNA preservation for diagnostic PCR assays.Wolbachiawere, however, detected in two adult females of the same population, and appear closely related to isolates that infect other terrestrial isopod species. This is the first demonstration that intersex phenotypes can arise under natural conditions inP. scaber.
Immune priming in Armadillidium vulgare against Salmonella enterica: direct or indirect costs on life history traits?
Authors: Prigot-Maurice Cybèle , Depeux Charlotte , Paulhac Hélène , Braquart-Varnier Christine , Beltran-Bech Sophie
Published: May 2022

Invertebrate immune priming is defined as an enhanced protection against secondary pathogenic infections when individuals have been previously exposed to the same or a different pathogen. Immune priming can be energetically costly for individuals, thus impacting trade-offs between life-history traits, like reproduction, growth, and lifetime. Here, the reproductive cost(s) and senescence patterns of immune priming against S. enterica in the common woodlouse A. vulgare (Crustacea, Isopoda) were investigated. Four different groups of females were used that either (1) have never been injected (control), (2) were injected twice with S. enterica (7 days between infections), (3) were firstly injected with LB-broth, then with S. enterica, and (4) females injected only once with S. enterica. All females were allowed to breed with one non-infected male and were observed for eight months. Then, the number of clutches produced, the time taken to produce the clutch(es), the number of offspring in each clutch, the senescence biomarkers of females, and parameters of their haemocytes were compared. The result was that immune priming did not significantly impact reproductive abilities, senescence patterns, and haemocyte parameters of female A. vulgare, but had an indirect effect through body weight. The lighter immune primed females took less time to produce the first clutch, which contained less offspring, but they were more likely to produce a second clutch. The opposite effects were observed in the heavier immune primed females. By highlighting that immune priming was not as costly as expected in A. vulgare, these results provide new insights into the adaptive nature of this immune process.
Formation and remodelling of septate junctions in the epidermis of isopod Porcellio scaber during development
Authors: Kunčič Katja , Mrak Polona , Žnidaršič Nada
Published: May 2022

Septate junctions (SJs) perform an occluding function in invertebrate epithelia and consist of parallel septa extending across the intercellular space between neighbouring cells. In addition, they are required for several morphogenetic processes in arthropods. The biogenesis of SJs during development is inadequately studied and it was characterised in detail only for various epithelia ofDrosophila melanogaster. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the ultrastructural differentiation of SJs in the epidermis of the terrestrial isopodPorcellio scaberduring embryonic and postembryonic development. In this study, mid-stage embryo S13 was the earliest stage in which single septa were observed basally to the adherens junction (AJ). Differentiation of SJs during further development includes gradual elongation of septa arrays and formation of continuous arrays of septa. The enlargement of SJs in the epidermis is most pronounced at the transition from embryonic to postembryonic development and after the release of mancae from the marsupium. SJs of postmarsupial mancae are similar to those of adults, but are not yet as extensive. Comparison of the differentiation of SJs in the epidermis and hindgut ofP. scaber, reveals a similar sequence of events. In addition, remodelling of SJs was observed in the epidermis of late marsupial mancae, the stage of cuticle renewal. Common features of SJs’ biogenesis inP. scaberandD. melanogasterectodermal epithelia are indicated.
A bibliometric analysis of research on terrestrial isopods
Authors: Vittori Miloš , Dominko Miha
Published: May 2022

Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) are crustaceans that thrive in terrestrial environments. This study provides an overview of the major topics in terrestrial isopod research during the last 70 years in order to provide an example of publication practices in invertebrate zoology and to examine how basic research in this area is transferred to its applications. Co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling based on citation data from the Web of Science Core Collection was used. Findings show that while research on terrestrial isopods expanded in applicative research prioritised by research policies, basic research continues to flourish. The most productive countries in the field include the major developed economies and several smaller nations. In the smaller countries, as well as in France and Italy, the bulk of woodlouse research is performed at a few institutions with traditions in this field. Some of the most influential works have been published in periodicals or monographs that are not indexed in Web of Science or Scopus and lack impact factors. Conference proceedings represent some of the most influential publications in the field. Our findings indicate that smaller and developing economies make significant contributions in invertebrate zoology if their research organisations can achieve continuity of research on a topic. Another conclusion is that journal metrics may be a misleading descriptor of the impact of studies and researchers in this field. Ultimately, these results identify several examples of how basic research in invertebrate zoology leads to applications with considerable socio-economic impact.
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Authors: Aguerre Colette
Published: May 2022

À l’objectif de supprimer des symptômes psychopathologiques s’est progressivement rajouté celui d’améliorer le bien-être, en vue d’atteindre un état de santé optimal. Pour ce faire, nous devons développer une approche clinique positive inclusive qui examine à la fois les faiblesses et les forces des individus, en vue de leur venir en aide de la manière la plus complète. Une grande pluralité d’exercices et de pratiques peuvent être considérés comme des interventions psychologiques positives (IPP). Leur dénominateur commun est de faciliter le développement du bien-être. Les IPP peuvent être regroupées au sein de programmes semi-standardisés, faisant l’objet d’études pour en évaluer les bienfaits. Si les bienfaits des IPP ont surtout été établis pour les personnes souffrant modérément de dépression, force est par ailleurs de constater qu’elles peuvent se révéler aussi utiles pour venir en aide à diverses autres populations cliniques, souffrant de désordres mentaux ou somatiques. Plusieurs paramètres sont susceptibles de moduler (à la hausse ou la baisse) les bienfaits des IPP : leur format (en présentiel, en ligne), leurs modalités (en individuel, en groupe, en mode auto-administré), leur durée (interventions ponctuelles ou s’étalant sur plusieurs semaines), les caractéristiques psychologiques et les préférences des participants, leur niveau de dépressivité, leur soutien social et leur environnement culturel. La mise en place d’une IPP doit tout d’abord se fonder sur une conceptualisation préalable du cas clinique via une analyse du mode de fonctionnement de l’individu prenant tout autant en considération ses problèmes et ses difficultés, que ses ressources et ses attentes. Le style thérapeutique centré sur la recherche de solutions se veut empathique et bienveillant, se veut favoriser un climat de travail collaboratif et faciliter le partage d’expériences. L’observation de soi est de mise, et le recours à l’imagerie mentale peut se révéler fort utile pour développer la disposition au changement via des visualisations positives. Une attention particulière doit être accordée aux freins éventuels envers le changement. Les recherches futures devront confirmer les bienfaits des IPP (sur le plan mental, somatique et cérébral), à plus ou moins long terme, et préciser leurs principes actifs.
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Authors: Métais Clément , Oger Marie , Burel Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Les programmes scolaires de résilience peuvent être aussi utiles en traitement des problèmes de santé mentale des adolescents, qu’en promotion des compétences de résilience et d’un bien-être plus global. Ces derniers se divisent en programmes additionnels – conçus sous forme de modules facilement implantables – et en programmes holistiques – impliquant une refonte totale des établissements dans lesquels ils sont implantés. L’une ou l’autre de ces formes n’est pas idéale ou définitivement meilleure. Il convient au contraire de s’inspirer des avantages de chacune pour déterminer les stratégies les plus pertinentes en vue de développer les compétences d’adaptation et de résilience des élèves, de manière efficace et dans des configurations applicables à un large ensemble de systèmes scolaires tels que le système scolaire français.
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Authors: Shankland Rébecca , Cherrier Maud , Tachon Guillaume
Published: May 2022

La gratitude est une émotion, mais aussi une attitude générique envers l’existence, qui consiste à éprouver plus fréquemment de la reconnaissance, ce qui permet progressivement d’orienter davantage l’attention vers les aspects satisfaisants du quotidien. Cela contrecarre notre tendance spontanée à repérer davantage ce qui ne va pas chez soi ou chez l’autre. La pleine conscience représente un ensemble de compétences permettant d’accueillir les pensées, les émotions, les expériences avec ouverture et curiosité, c’est-à-dire sans se laisser aveugler par des jugements de valeur et par une tendance à catégoriser les objets, personnes ou événements. La pleine conscience favorise également la capacité à percevoir l’expérience vécue sous un autre angle, à réguler l’attention et les émotions. Les pratiques visant à développer la gratitude et la pleine conscience améliorent la santé physique, mentale et sociale. En cela, elles représentent des ressources pertinentes pour améliorer le climat et la qualité de vie à l’école.
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Authors: Paquet Annie , Fenouillet Fabien , Paquet Yvan
Published: May 2022

La motivation de l’élève est associée à sa réussite à l’école. Cette évidence empirique est ici approfondie via la littérature existante sur différents concepts et théories motivationnels. Après une vue d’ensemble de la motivation, telle qu’est est présentée dans le modèle intégratif de la motivation (Fenouillet, 2016), la théorie de l’autodétermination (TAD, Deci & Ryan, 1985), dans ses rapports entre motivation et réussite, est exposée. Ces rapports ne peuvent être appréhendés que sous l’angle d’une interdépendance motivationnelle entre l’élève et son environnement qui crée (ou pas) les conditions propices à la réussite. L’enseignant devient alors la pierre angulaire du rapport entre la motivation de l’élève et sa réussite. En effet, il transmet un cadre motivationnel en même temps qu’il en est constitutif. C’est toute la complexité de la notion de bienveillance de l’enseignant, qui favorise la motivation autonome de ses élèves, en incarnant lui-même ce qu’il souhaite transmettre, et concourt parallèlement à la satisfaction des trois besoins fondamentaux de l’élève.
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Authors: Miglianico Marine , Dubreuil Philippe , Miquelon Paule , Martin-Krumm Charles
Published: May 2022

Qu’est-ce qui donne vie à une organisation ? Ce chapitre présente l’approche appréciative, une méthodologie d’accompagnement au changement organisationnel ; les impacts qu’elle peut avoir au sein d’une organisation y sont discutés. L’approche appréciative est basée sur le postulat que chaque organisation possède en elle quelque chose qui fonctionne bien et statue qu’il est possible de rechercher, de trouver et de développer ses sources de vitalité. Les impacts en milieu organisationnel d’une telle intervention sont présentés en quatre catégories : la générativité, l’engagement et la performance, la coopération et l’épanouissement. Une réflexion est proposée quant à l’implantation du changement durant la phase de déploiement, en s’appuyant sur les plus récentes théories de la gestion du changement organisationnel.
Grand manuel de psychologie positive
Authors: Lepinteur Anthony , Senik Claudia
Published: May 2022

Depuis une trentaine d’années, la science économique s’est saisie des mesures de bien-être subjectif. D’une part, en tant qu’indicateur agrégé, le bien-être subjectif est désormais considéré comme une mesure de bien-être et de progrès sociétal. D’autre part, au cours des trois dernières décennies, la recherche a mis au jour un certain nombre de déterminants du bien-être subjectif individuel, tel que le revenu, le statut dans l’emploi ou les relations sociales, notamment conjugales. D’autres relations sont plus ambiguës ou paradoxales. Le recours à ce type de mesure a permis de valider des hypothèses anciennes mais difficiles à illustrer empiriquement, telles que le caractère relatif et temporaire de la satisfaction issue du revenu ainsi que d’autres interactions sociales hors marché. Enfin, des résultats récents illustrent le pouvoir prédictif du bien-être subjectif sur les comportements individuels.
La prosocialité limitée chez l’enfant : état des lieux
Authors: Mormont Élodie , Stievenart Marie
Published: May 2022

La prosocialité limitée (PL) correspond aux « callous unemotional traits », autrement traduits par « traits pré-psychopathiques ». La PL chez l’enfant se caractérise par un manque d’empathie affective, de comportements prosociaux et de culpabilité. La PL prédispose aux troubles du comportement les plus graves et persistants dans l’enfance et l’adolescence, aux comportements antisociaux et à un profil psychopathique à l’âge adulte. Dépister la PL au plus tôt dans l’enfance maximise les chances des programmes de prévention et d’intervention de modifier positivement la trajectoire développementale de l’enfant. Abondamment étudié dans les pays anglophones, ce fonctionnement chez l’enfant est très peu documenté en francophonie. Cet article propose de combler ce manque via une revue théorique et clinique du sujet. Les aspects d’évaluation et de traitement sont également évoqués.
Annuaire français de relations internationales
Authors: Malizard Julien
Published: May 2022

La lutte contre le terrorisme a fait l’objet d’intenses recherches académiques depuis une vingtaine d’années. L’objectif de cet article est de faire une synthèse des principales études, ce qui permet de questionner l’efficacité des politiques de lutte contre le terrorisme. L’analyse dite « coût-bénéfice » offre un cadre pertinent pour comprendre comment les autorités politiques et les groupes terroristes fondent leurs décisions. Trois possibilités sont envisageables : augmenter le coût des attaques, diminuer les bénéfices du terrorisme, augmenter le coût d’opportunité du terrorisme. Il apparaît que les effets des politiques dépendent du contexte dans lesquels elles s’inscrivent. Par ailleurs, il est indispensable de prendre en compte les effets dynamiques, à savoir la capacité des groupes terroristes à internaliser les politiques mises en œuvre pour les contourner à leur avantage.
Annuaire français de relations internationales
Authors: Van Puyvelde Damien
Published: May 2022

La montée en puissance de la menace terroriste au cours des vingt dernières années a poussé les pays occidentaux à adapter l’organisation et les pratiques de leurs services de renseignement. La récurrence des attaques terroristes – cela malgré les réformes et la hausse des moyens consacrés au renseignement – montre bien la complexité des défis posés par le terrorisme. Le caractère transnational de la menace terroriste a remis en question la distinction entre sécurité intérieure et extérieure et forcé les services à mieux coordonner leurs efforts aux niveaux local et national, ainsi qu’à coopérer davantage au niveau international. L’augmentation des moyens a permis aux services d’élargir leur champ d’action, plus particulièrement leurs méthodes de recueil et de traitement de l’information. Cette extension a nécessité une évolution du cadre légal des activités de renseignement, lesquelles sont devenues en France une véritable politique publique. Le rôle central que joue le renseignement dans la lutte contre le terrorisme ne doit pas pour autant éclipser l’importance d’autres instruments politiques tels que l’éducation ou encore la diplomatie.
Annuaire français de relations internationales
Authors: Brice-Delajoux Claire
Published: May 2022

Le régime d’asile européen commun – ainsi dénommé en 2013 – se construit en réalité à partir de 2000, avec la communautarisation de la politique européenne de l’asile par le Traité d’Amsterdam de 1997. En vingt ans d’existence, ce régime a subi des évolutions importantes au gré des changements de cadres institutionnels et politiques qui ont traversé les Communautés puis l’Union européenne. À la lumière des deux « paquets asile » qui se sont succédé et des propositions initiées en 2016 pour réformer le régime d’asile européen commun, deux grandes évolutions majeures se sont dessinées. La première témoigne de la création d’un système d’asile européen reposant sur un standard de protection qui s’est progressivement élevé mais qui pourrait être affaibli par la réforme en discussion. La seconde montre le développement constant – que la réforme en cours renforce – de logiques d’externalisation, soit en déniant la possibilité de solliciter la protection lorsqu’un États tiers peut la prendre en charge, soit en organisant le maintien des demandeurs potentiels hors du territoire de l’Union.
Annuaire français de relations internationales
Authors: Fleury Graff Thibaut
Published: May 2022

La « menace terroriste » a profondément contribué à remanier le droit dans de nombreux domaines. L’un de ceux-ci, peut-être moins exploré que les autres en dehors d’un cercle doctrinal assez restreint, est celui du droit de la protection internationale, en vertu duquel une personne redoutant certains traitements ou certaines persécutions pour certains motifs a droit à la protection d’un État qui n’est pas son État de nationalité. La crainte que cette protection bénéficie à des « terroristes » ou, beaucoup plus largement, à toute autre personne constituant une menace pour la sécurité nationale ou l’ordre public anime depuis quelques années une évolution de ce droit, relancée dès qu’un événement de cet ordre touche un État d’accueil occidental. Le mouvement est remarquable, tant il permet de montrer par quelles voies ces préoccupations nationales et internationales infiltrent les régimes juridiques existant, dont elles finissent par miner l’intégrité, au nom d’une efficacité qui reste à prouver.
Annuaire français de relations internationales
Authors: Holeindre Jean-Vincent
Published: May 2022

L’Organisation du traité de l’Atlantique nord (OTAN) a été créée, dans le contexte de Guerre froide, pour protéger ses membres d’une éventuelle attaque militaire, en particulier nucléaire. Après l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique, elle est parvenue à se réinventer et à s’adapter, élargissant et diversifiant ses missions. Elle dispose aujourd’hui d’une bureaucratie autonome qui défend les intérêts propres de l’Organisation, mais celle-ci est aujourd’hui fragilisée sur le plan politique, faute d’accord de ses États membres sur le présent et l’avenir. Dans un contexte de montée en puissance de la Chine, de regain de la Russie et d’autonomisation de la Turquie, elle doit pour survivre se réinventer et redéfinir un projet stratégique qui réaffirme les principes libéraux dans un monde soumis à la tentation autoritaire et assumer une ambition militaire.