bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved on Date Attachable Electronic Cash
Authors: Lo Jung Wen , Lu Hung Miao , Sun Tsuei Hung , Hwang Min-Shiang
Published: March 2013

Electronic cash (E-cash) is widely used due to the electronic commerce being in vogue. The date attached E-cash can apply for some services such as interest calculation, expired date processing, etc. In this paper, we propose two E-cash schemes with date attachable: the basic scheme with a better efficiency and the advanced scheme with an extensible date. The most remarkable contribution is that the advanced scheme can express any readable date with the relative year concept and still has a marvelous efficiency improvement as well as the basic scheme has.
Reliable Detection of Histogram Shift-Based Steganography Using Payload Invariant Features
Authors: Liu Chiang Lung , Liu Hsing Han
Published: March 2013

Reversible data hiding techniques can completely recover the cover images after extracting the secret message from the stego images and become a hot research topic recently. The histogram shift-based steganography, which is a kind of reversible data hiding technique, has good performance on imperceptibility. However, it also produces obvious features in the histograms of stego images. In this paper, we propose a steganalysis method based on the payload invariant features to detect the histogram shift-based steganography proposed by Ni et al. In the proposed steganalysis method, the minimum of the sum of the proposed features is first obtained, which is then compared with a predefined threshold to determine an image is a stego or a cover one. Experimental results show that the proposed steganalysis method can provide very high detection accuracy (about 98%) in various payload cases. Compared with the other steganalysis method, the proposed method can provide better detection performance under different embedding ratios and, therefore, is more reliable for detection of the histogram sift-based steganography.
Multi-Dimensional Assessment for Residential Lighting Demand Side Management: A Proposed Framework
Authors: Tanoto Yusak , Santoso Murtiyanto , Hosea Emmy
Published: March 2013

Effective Demand Side Management (DSM) practices require adequate assessment in which several important factors are taken into consideration. Criteria to measure DSM potential and setting DSM targets are substantial to be well predefined. The aim of this paper is to propose assessment framework towards effective residential lighting demand side management planning. The assessment involves multi-dimensional factors comprising technical, economic, society preference, and environmental emission along with their mean of analysis. Technical dimension in terms of electricity demand is analyzed using Baseline Energy Use method whereas Life Cycle Cost analysis along with Cost-Benefit Assessment is used to calculate economic cost and other parameters during the project lifetime. Multi-criteria decision making using Analytic Hierarchy Process is performed to capture customer preference on selecting the preferable DSM loading scheme. In addition, environmental emission reduction potential is revealed using End-use Electricity Saving method.
Kinetic Model with Effect of Water Content for Enzyme-Catalyzed Citronellyl Laurate Esterification Process
Authors: Zulkeflee Siti Asyura , Abd Sata Suhairi , Aziz Norashid
Published: March 2013

A kinetic model with effect of water content for enzyme-catalyzed citronellyl laurate was developed. These models incorporate the combined influences of established kinetics model with the function model on the effect of initial water content with kinetic parameters. The model development was carried out by performing a linear and nonlinear regression based on the behavior of the kinetic parameter profiles and validated with experimental data. Using the developed models, the influence of water content towards the enzyme-catalyzed initial rate of reaction was theoretically explained. It has been shown that the proposed model have good agreement between experimental data and intends to capture the effect of water content towards the conversion of ester. With this model, the optimal value of initial water content for this process could be estimated.
Contour Positioning System - New Traveling Distance Estimation Method for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Chew K.W. , Gan Y.H. , Leong C.K.
Published: March 2013

Contour Positioning System (CPS) is a new system invented for electric vehicles to calculate the remaining battery capacity for reaching a desired destination. Instead of using conventional electric car estimation in terms of distance, a CPS system can figure out extra energy needed when an electric car is traveling on different contour lines. Extra current will be drawn for generating torque required by the electric car on an inclined plane, for instance traveling uphill. By using coordinate conversion, sets of longitude and latitude readings can be converted into distance difference along the pathway and the elevation levels difference are calculated; the extra force and torque needed along an inclined plane can be further counted which will then lead to the extra current drawn from the electric car's battery pack. Data collections and real-time validations have been done to clarify the calculation results. By performing a series of battery capacity calculation, CPS can give a higher precision and accuracy of remaining battery life to reach the desired location
Innovative Derivation for Physics Relations
Authors: Shih Hsien Chang , Lin Huei Jeng
Published: March 2013

Classical physics can be regarded as a special case of modern physics. Therefore, we applied those aspects of established modern physics that are suitable for engineering considerations, used the quantum mechanics viewpoint to deal with the physics relations in thermodynamics, and discussed the relations among the variables of physics. We obtained some results by deriving them from basic theories and physics relations, and by exploring the significance of mathematical physics. First, this study obtained the partial differential equation for the general physics relations, which is interesting and revolutionary thinking from the viewpoints of multi-physics and thermodynamic relations expansion. Meanwhile, variable relations among different physics disciplines can be obtained by applying the universal general physics relations with the Jacobian operator. The Maxwell relation is an even more special case; therefore, the physics relations obtained by this study are more universal and versatile. To further illustrate the advantages of this research, the partial differential equation obtained by this study is used to handle the various physics variables and to obtain the thermodynamic physics relations table. This study promotes the research and development of thermodynamic physics relations. There is still room for further exploration in future studies, especially in the specific area of multi-physics application relations and microscopic applications.
Effects of Number of Circumferential Casing Grooves on Stall Flow Characteristics of a Transonic Axial Compressor
Authors: Kim Jin Hyuk , Kim Kwang Yong , Cha Kyung Hun
Published: March 2013

This work investigates the effects of circumferential casing grooves on stall flow characteristics of a transonic axial compressor. Numerical analysis is conducted by solving three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport turbulence model. The results of flow analysis for an axial compressor with smooth casing are validated in comparison with experimental data for the pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency. The numerical stall inception point is identified from the last converged point by convergence criteria, and the stall margin is predicted numerically. The peak adiabatic efficiency point is also obtained by reducing the normalized mass flow in the high mass flow region. In order to explore the influence of number of the circumferential casing grooves on the performance of the compressor, the stall margins and peak adiabatic efficiencies are evaluated compared to the case smooth casing. The stability of the axial compressor with circumferential casing grooves is found to be sensitively influenced by the number of grooves.
A Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of LED Heat Sink and Graphite Heat Sink Process Technology Development
Authors: Yang Shie Chen , Mao Tsuo Fei , Jeng Tzer Ming , Tzeng Sheng Chung , Shie Tzung Ying , Chen Chih Liang , Chen Po Tsun
Published: March 2013

This study investigated the heat transfer characteristics of LED heat sink and the development process technology of graphite heat sink with micro-sized metal powders. Employing the reverse engineering technology, the three-dimension LED heat sink entity was rebuilt and the heat transfer characteristics of LED heat sink were analyzed by CFD numerical simulation and experimental measurement. The numerical results were validated with experimental results and it showed a good agreement. The experimental and simulation results showed that the heat dissipation of LED device could be removed by natural convection effectively. The difference between the maximum temperature and minimum temperature of cooling efficiency was 10°C. For the process technology development of LED graphite heat sink, the graphite powder, metal powder and resin were mixed in specific ratios. The vacuum casting, vacuum pressure casting and rapid die technology were used to manufacture LED graphite heat sink. The experimental results showed that the LED graphite heat sinks developed in this study have advantages of low cost, light weight and attractive appearance as compared with the heat sink of aluminum alloy, and the overall heat transfer capacity is still within acceptable range.
Effect of K2CO3 Addition on the Structure and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-( Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Chun Huy
Published: March 2013

K2CO3-doped 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.02(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 [abbreviated as 0.98NKN-0.02NBT] lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide process. The effects of K2CO3 additions on the crystalline structures and electrical properties of the 0.98NKN-0.02NBT ceramics were investigated. The specimens of 0.98NKN-0.02NBT ceramics added with K2CO3 maintain an orthorhombic phase. In the case of low K2CO3 content (≤ 0.3 wt%), the grain growth became remarkable. The increase of grain size favors improving the piezoelectric properties, which is known as grain size effect. The grain size effect compensates the decrease of the electromechanical coupling factor due to the hard doping effect. For 0.98NKN-0.02NBT ceramics by doping 0.3 wt% Na2CO3, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the thickness mode kt and the planar mode kp reach 0.51 and 0.33, respectively, after sintering at 1100 oC for 3 h. Our results show that 0.98NKN-0.02NBT with the addition of 0.3 wt% K2CO3 is a good lead-free piezoelectric ceramic.
Numerical Model of Journal Bearing Lubrication Considering a Bending Stiffness Effect
Authors: Choi Juh Wan , Kim Seong Su , Rhim Sung Soo , Choi Jin Hwan
Published: March 2013

An analysis for operating characteristics of journal bearing lubrication system is performed based on the numerical model. Dynamic bearing lubrication characteristics such as oil film pressure and thickness distribution can be analyzed through a numerical model with an integration of elastohydrodynamics and multi-flexible-body dynamics (MFBD). In particular, the oil film thickness variation by elastic deformation is considered in the elastohydrodynamic analysis by applying the bending stiffness effect of journal. And the oil film thickness variation by the bending stiffness effect is applied to the fluid governing equations to calculate the oil film pressure in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication region. A series of process proposed in this study is available for the analysis of realistic elastohydrodynamic lubrication phenomenon. Also, a numerical example for the journal bearing lubrication system is demonstrated and compared with the experimental results. The numerical results considering the bending stiffness effect show a good agreement with the experimental results.
Effect of PE-g-MAH as Compatibilizer on Properties of LDPE/NR/WHF Composites
Authors: Tan Soo Jin , Supri A.G. , Teh Pei Leng
Published: March 2013

In this work, the effect of PE-g-MAH as compatibilizer in polyethylene/ natural rubber/ water hyacinth fibers composites were prepared and characterized in terms of tensile properties, morphology properties, swelling behavior and FTIR characteristic. Water hyacinth fibers (WHF) was used as reinforced fiber in the composites incorporated into the LDPE/NR matrices with different fiber loading. LDPE/NR/WHF composites were prepared with Z-blade mixer at 180°C with rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 minutes. The presence of PE-g-MAH increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus while reduced the elongation at break of LDPE/NR/WHF composites. The molar sorption of the composites decreased as the fiber loading increased. SEM morphology showed a better fiber dispersion and fiber distribution indicated PE-g-MAH improved the interfaces between water hyacinth fiber and LDPE/NR matrices. The absorption peak at 1741.52cm-1 indicated ester carbonyl group in LDPE/NR/WHFPE-g-MAH composites.
The Conceptual Design of Differential Mechanisms
Authors: Chu Chia Chun
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this paper is to present a design approach based on the geometric constraints of joints for synthesizing differential mechanisms with two degrees-of-freedom, including some mechanisms with the same functions but distinct structures. The concept of virtual axes is presented. And, there are five steps in the design process. Step 1 is to decide fundamental entities by the properties of existing mechanisms and the technique of number synthesis, and 10 suitable fundamental entities of differential mechanisms are available. Step 2 is to compose geometric constraints, and 14 items are obtained. Step 3 is to compose links, and 15 items are derived. Step 4 is to assign fixed constraints for inputs or outputs, and 15 results are found. The final step is to particularize the obtained events by the properties of existing mechanisms and the structures of fundamental entities. As a result, 8 feasible results for differential mechanisms with two degrees-of-freedom and two basic loops are obtained in which 2 are existing designs and the other 6 are novel.
Stability of Neutral Stochastic Delay Differential Equations with Infinite Delay
Authors: Hu Rong , Shao De Jun
Published: March 2013

This paper considers the pth moment stability of solution to neutral stochastic delay differential equation with infinite delay with local Lipschitz condition but neither the linear growth condition. The stability is more general and representative than the exponential stability. This investigation uses a specific Lyapunov function based on usual methods. An example is discussed to illustrate the theory.
Coordinated Motion Control and Auto-Grasp Planning of AUVMS Based Multi-Sensors Fusion
Authors: Yu Kun , Liu Song , Deng Zhi Chun
Published: March 2013

This paper describes a new motion control and auto-grasp scheme for an autonomous underwater vehicle-manipulator system-AUVMS, which comprises of a 6 DOF vehicle and a 3 DOF electric-manipulator considering inherent kinematic redundancy under the hydrodynamic forces. Different from traditional methods, a sliding mode controller was designed to implement the control of the trajectory tracking of the manipulator’s end-effectors without the whole modeling of the AUVMS. A fuzzy regulator was added to obtain the best response characteristic of the system and avoid the significant high frequency chattering. The numerical simulations are consistent with the above theoretical analysis. The electric underwater manipulator control system is based network and consisted of three embedded PC/104 computers which are used for servo control, task plan and target sensor respectively. Computer simulations are performed to verify the efficacy of the motion control scheme. An auto-grasp scheme of the deep ocean electric manipulator based multi-sensors is also presented. Underwater test results of coordinate motion control scheme confirm the fuzzy-sliding controller’s ability to operate in a higher disturbance condition.
The Research of Height Control Strategy of the Electronically Controlled Air Suspension
Authors: Nan Jin Rui , Chai Zhi , Huang Jun Kui
Published: March 2013

The height adjustment of electronically controlled air suspension is a complicated nonlinear process [1]. To research this problem, the height adjustment principle of ECAS is introduced first, and the functions of important components of the system are also listed. Then we put forward height control strategy and the pulse width of the solenoid valve control method, which are applied to the control method of ECU. After that, we use the software Labview to communicate with the ECU through CAN bus. By analyzing the data collected, we can see that the results show that current height and target height are consistent generally and the control strategy is feasible.
New Highway Power Generation Device Based on Auto Wake
Authors: Xiao Jian Bo , Zheng Wei Gang , Su Yan
Published: March 2013

With the increasingly serious environment pollution and energy shortage problem of further deepening, how to use more effective and more environmental protection equipment of the new energy conversion and utilization of become social the public and the government attaches great importance to the problem. According to the high speed highway car wake contains huge wind, the wind power generation unit born. The vertical shaft by double S rotor, wind deflector, variable speed clutch institutions, centripetal vertical pendulum and low speed generator composition , realized respectively the wind energy collection, transmission, temporary and transformation. This device for wind power generation field provides a more efficient energy conversion mode. Among them, we creatively applied the ratchet, vertical pendulum mechanism so that the wind energy conversion rate has been increased greatly. At the same time, can also solve the highway electric equipment of the power supply problem. This device design makes the highway lighting lamps and other electric equipment of the power supply problem to obtain the very good solve, reduce power facilities installation cost. The effective use of natural wind, expand the scope of the use of wind energy, alleviate energy nervous, also reduce the pollution of the environment.
Calibration and Optimization for Spindle-Tilting Type Five-Axis Machine Tools with Inclinable Head AB Based on Compensation of Rotation Axis Direction Error
Authors: Liu Feng , Lin Hu , Zheng Liao Mo , Wang Feng , Yang Lei
Published: March 2013

To solve the five-axis machining accuracy problems that caused by assembly precision and direction error of rotary axes of inclinable head in high precision five axis machine tool. By selecting the five axis machine tool with inclinable head AB, GMC1230u, as the research object and analyzing the causes of the inclinable head error, the kinematics relationship of the rotation center position error and axis tilt error is established. By that, the direction vectors of each rotation axis and the position vector of rotation center are calculated based on the regression analysis of on-line measurement of the tool center point position and the calibration of five-axis RTCP function parameters is also accomplished. Finally, the compensation for inclinable head error in five-axis machine tools is fulfilled efficiently and remarkable improvement of RTCP machining accuracy is achieved.
Tea Flushes Identification Based on Machine Vision for High-Quality Tea at Harvest
Authors: Jin Xiao Jun , Chen Yong , Guo Ying Qing , Sun Yan Xia , Chen Jun
Published: March 2013

Tea flushes identification from their natural background is the first key step for the intelligent tea-picking robot. This paper focuses on the algorithms of identifying the tea flushes based on color image analysis. A tea flushes identification system was developed as a means of guidance for a robotic manipulator in the picking of high-quality tea. Firstly, several color indices, including y-c, y-m, (y-c)/(y+c) and (y-m)/(y+m) in CMY color space, S channel in HSI color space, and U channel in YUV color space, were studied and tested. These color indices enhanced and highlighted the tea flushes against their background. Afterwards, grey level image was transformed into binary image using Otsu method and then area filter was employed to eliminate small noise regions. The algorithm and identification system has been tested extensively and proven to be well adapted to the complexity of a natural environment. Experiments show that these indices were particularly effective for tea flushes identification and could be used for future tea-picking robot development.
The Simulation Analysis of Control Performance on Closed-Loop Control the Digital Hydraulic Cylinder
Authors: Su Dong Hai , Li Xin , Wang Yue Ling
Published: March 2013

The working principle and design features of close-loop control digital stepping hydraulic cylinder were described, the ways to improve precision were analyzed. Base on the detailed analysis to response state of PID control, technology of fuzzy control and table the arithmetic of fuzzy-PID control was applied, which preferably satisfied control request.
Adaptive Slicing Algorithm Based on STL Model
Authors: Pan Xiao Di , Chen Kun , Zhang Zheng Yan , Chen Ding Fang , Li Tao Tao
Published: March 2013

An adaptive slicing algorithm based on stereo lithography (STL) model was proposed in order to improve the forming precision of product in rapid prototyping. In the algorithm, the topological information of STL model was established, and the relationship between triangle facet and vertexes was constructed. And the adaptive slicing process based on STL model was implemented using the proposed method with combination of intersection points tracking and marking. The slicing thickness was automatically calculated according to the area differential ratio of adjacent slices.
The Optimal Stretching Angle of Honeycomb Paper Core Based on the Fourth Strength Principle
Authors: Wu Jian , Wang Yong Long , Zhang Yang , Zhang Gai Mei , Du Yan Ping
Published: March 2013

The force analysis on the in-plane and out-of-plane of honeycomb core referring to some related articles is presented. during the transportation of wine, the honeycomb paper core is under three-dimensional stress. According to stress condition in the process of wine packaging and transportation, based on the fourth strength principle, the equivalent load is obtained. And the stress with different stretching angels with virtual sampling method is calculated. Thus, the optimal stretching angle of honeycomb paper is acquired, which is .
Topology and Size Optimization for Landslide Body in NC Lathe
Authors: Sai Zong Sheng , Wang Gui Fei , Cong Ming
Published: March 2013

Landslide Body, which is a combination part between Knife Tower and Saddle, plays a significant role in the working performance of the NC (numerical control) Lathe. So it is essential to optimize Landslide Body’s structure to improve static and dynamic characteristics. At first, the structure of NC Lathe is introduced. And then, static and dynamic analysis of Landslide Body is carried out before optimization. At the last, optimization process which consists of topology and size optimization is carried out. Based on the optimization results, a new structure of the Landslide Body is generated. It is proved that both static and dynamic characteristics are improved to some extent.
Prediction of Chip Morphology and Cutting Force during Prestressed Cutting of TC4
Authors: Peng Rui Tao , Wu Jia Yi , Tang Xin Zi , Tan Yuan Qiang
Published: March 2013

Chip morphology plays a predominant role in determining machinability and tool wear during the machining of titanium alloys. Chip formation process in prestressed cutting of titanium alloy TC4 was numerically explored via the finite element method. Crack initiation during the chip segmentation was realized by using a ductile fracture criterion which based on the strain energy. Effect of prestress on cutting force and chip formation as well as Mises stress distributions were revealed. The results indicate that chips show the similar characteristic of continuous and regular serrated shape, which is not affected by prestress. Initial stress distribution of workpiece was changed by prestress, which correspondingly leads to the alteration of stress distribution in the subsurface layer. The generated cutting force curves share the same average amplitude and analogous rhythm, which correspond to the chip forming process respectively.
The Drag Reduction Mechanism of Vibration Digging Shovel
Authors: Ning Wang Yun , Chen Ying , Kuang Yu Lan , Zhang Yong Hua
Published: March 2013

In order to investigate the drag reduction mechanisms of vibration digging shovel from the kinematics and mechanical aspects, and to estimate the magnitude of its traction resistance, we performed kinematic analysis when the velocity of the digging shovel was undergoing sinusoidal changes. Based on the analysis of the relationship between vibration direction angle, ascending direction angle and the edge motion curve, we evaluated the efficacy of different mining modes and proposed the ideal working conditions. We found that when the vibration direction angle φ <0 it could produce favorable cutting conditions. When the cutting direction angle θ was slightly less than or equal to the buried angle α and the ascending direction angle λ <π/2, the traction resistance was the least and soil-crushing effect was enhanced. The application of the moving viscous friction resistance model of mining shovel to analyze the force, including the impact of cutting speed on vibration viscous friction, could optimize the ideal working state and deduce the horizontal traction resistance formula of cutting and ascending. This model will be conducive to the structural design of vibration digging shovel and the estimation of its traction resistance.
A Improved Design of Mechanical Structure of a Coin-Wrapping Machine Based on Pro/E Software
Authors: Jing Xue Dong , Wei Ding , Kang Siwen
Published: March 2013

This paper has designed a new type of mechanical structure for a coin-wrapping machine; It’s three-dimensional model has been established by Pro / E 3D modeling software and the kinematic of the Integrated model analysis has been carried out. The simulation results have shown that the coin wrapping process can be simplified and the efficiency can also be improved with the new structure, thereby reducing the costs.
Design of Shear Stress Detection Device for Corn Stubble
Authors: Guo Da Wei , Bai Xue Wei , Li Yong Kui
Published: March 2013

To measure and detect the shear stress directly in the field, we developed the device. Designed its structure, working principle, technical parameters and selected its material based on the mechanical characteristics of corn stubble in the field we wanted to get. Applied Solid Works software to construct model for it. In this way, people can know about it intuitively. It is able to detect shear stress of corn stubble in the field directly and accurately. Because shear stress is one of the most important theoretical basis for the design of corn stubbles broken to field machine, maize stubbles harvester machine and corn tillage planter, so design of shear stress detection device for corn stubble in this article is very meaningful and promising.
Simulation of Engine Block Drilling
Authors: Zhang Hao , Song Jian , Cong Ming
Published: March 2013

Machining simulation can quick supply valuable data to help improving machine processing quality and efficiency. And it is playing an important part in the development of modern machining theory. In this paper, the drilling process of an engine block was simulated in the software of DEFORM-3D. The geometry models of cutter and workpiece were simplified to avoid too low efficiency of simulation running. The mesh weight factors were specified to keep geometry models from changing too much from the real situation. 11 simulation experiments were carried out. And through regression analysis of the result data, the drilling load formulas were obtained to predict the axial force and moment in the drilling process of engine block.
Contact Strength of Toroidal Drive with Cylindrical Teeth
Authors: Yang Shi Ping , Tan Yuan Qiang , Pan Ya Lan , Li Li Min , Liu Jin Gang
Published: March 2013

The meshing equation of the toroidal drive with cylindrical tooth was established based on space meshing theory, and the formula of contact stress between planet and worm or the toroidal internal gear are derived. Major influence factors were analyzed and forecasted. The contact stress is sensitive to the tooth number of planet center distance and planet radius. Finally, the calculation method of contact strength of toroidal drive was given.
Micro and Desktop Factories for Micro/Meso-Scale Manufacturing Applications and Future Visions
Authors: Tuokko Reijo , Järvenpää Eeva , Heikkilä Riku , Nurmi Anssi
Published: March 2013

Micro and desktop factories are small-size production systems suitable for the manufacture of small products with micro and/or macro size features. The development originates in Japan, where small machines were developed in order to save resources when producing small products. In the late 1990’s, the research spread around the world, and since then multiple miniaturized production systems have been developed. However, the level of commercialization and industrial adoption is still relatively low and the breakthrough remains unseen. This paper discusses the potential application areas of micro- and desktop factory solutions. The research has been carried out as a mixed-method research combining extensive literature survey and 18 semi-structured interviews in Europe. The interviewees are both from academia and industry, including equipment and component providers, as well as users and potential users.
Micro-Texturing onto Amorphous Carbon Materials as a Mold-Die for Micro-Forming
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko
Published: March 2013

Among various kinds of carbon materials, two types of amorphous carbon were employed as a mold-die material for micro-forming. Diamond like carbon (DLC) has sufficient strength and toughness as a protective coating onto the steel and WC (Co) substrates. Glassy carbon is a solid material which also has high strength even at the elevated temperature under inert gas atmosphere. These two materials are selected to fabricate the micro-textured mold-die as a mother tool to duplicate this micro-textured pattern onto the metallic and polymer sheets via table-top CNC micro-forming systems. High density oxygen-plasma etching and pico-second laser machining were developed to make micro-texturing onto the above two mold-die materials. In the former, micro-groove and micro-grid patterns were formed on the DLC coating; table-top CNC stamping system with CNC-feeder and cropper was used to duplicate these patterns onto the aluminum sheets in dry and at the room temperature. In the latter, micro-wedge patterns were imprinted onto the glassy carbon substrate; table-top CNC mold-stamping system with heating equipment was utilized for duplication of these patterns onto thermoplastic polymer sheets above the glass transition temperature. Formation of micro-textures onto these amorphous carbon materials provides us a new tool to fabricate the micro-patterned parts and devices in mass production via cold and hot stamping processes.
Characterization of Nanostructured Titania Thin Film and its Application in Gas Sensor
Authors: Tang Guan Rong , Chen Jing
Published: March 2013

In this paper, Nanostructured Titania (NST) was fabricated by aging titanium film in hydrogen peroxide solution. NST was analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nano-indentation method and the BET method. Results showed that NST was porous TiO2 with pore diameter of 90-133 nm, hardness of 1.35Gpa, and specific surface area of 37.26 m2/g. Gas sensors using NST film as sensitive material were presented in this paper too. Electrodes were deposited upon NST patterns to create electrical connections. Gas sensors with a simple package were successfully fabricated.
Design of a VLS Grating-Lens Hybrid Component for Miniature Spectrometer
Authors: Li Hua , Lin Hui
Published: March 2013

we propose a micro varied-line-spacing (VLS) grating-lens hybrid component that integrates the collimation, dispersion and focus functions for use in a miniature spectrometer. We adopt the principle of least wave change to design and optimize the VLS grating pattern on the spherical lens surface, and then build a model in ZEMAX to simulate the spectral resolution performance. The best spectral resolution turns out to be 1nm at the center wavelength of the target wavelength range. The resolution across the wavelength range from 450nm to 650nm is better than 4nm.
Dynamic Analysis and Structure Parameters Optimization of a Parallel Platform Based on ADAMS
Authors: Wang Ying Pin , Liang Ji Min , Zhou Xue Feng , Zhang Gong , Chen Xian Shuai
Published: March 2013

The dynamic analysis and structural parameters optimization approach based on ADAMS for a parallel platform is presented in this paper. Firstly the parameterized modeling of the parallel platform is performed, which is composed of up and down platform, two linear motors and one support beam. And then the impact of the parameters on the performance of the platform is studied. After that the parallel platform is optimized via the optimization module of the ADAMS. Eventually the conclusions are obtained, which provide the guidance for the mechanical and control design of the parallel platform.
Study on Probability Distributions of Processing and Assembling Promoters of Aero-Engine Critical Part
Authors: Huang Min , Wang Zhao , Yi Jun
Published: March 2013

According to the characteristics of aero-engine and the study purpose of this paper, aero-engine information data were collected and screened from " Aero-engine Assembly Resume ", included: certain engine components data, assembly detection data and engine trial run data. By using the collected and screened data, correlation analysis were carried among testing parameters and among vibration parameters, correlation analysis were also carried between testing parameters or vibration parameters and components geometry parameters, assembly parameters or parameters combination which impact engine performance. From the result of correlation analysis, the key parameters strongly affecting engine performance can be found out, and then according to the value of the correlation coefficient put these parameters in queue. The optimal distribution of these parameters in queue can be determined by data analysis software, and the estimation eigenvalue of these parameter can be obtained. Purpose and significance of this paper is to improve the reliability of the components producing and assembly processing, what is more, it provides theoretical basis for the design and improvement of aero-engine.
Damage Signal Decomposition of Lamb Wave Based on Similarity in SHM
Authors: Wang Jian Qiang , Yu Long , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2013

Rapid detecting structural damage by lamb wave is an emerging technology in the field of structural health monitoring, and damage signal decomposition of Lamb wave, with the intent of obtaining reflection signal from damage, is the key point of detecting damage by Lamb wave. Therefore, this paper proposes a new algorithm for damage signal decomposition--similarity-based algorithm. In order to obtain reflection signal form damage, it simulates the reflection signals from damage and boundary with the waveform after the input signal has propagated a distance, and then optimizes the various parameters of the synthetic signal, which consists of reflection signals from damage and boundary, by genetic algorithm based on similarity so that the similarity between the synthetic signal and the damage signal reaches the maximum. Finally, simulation results showed the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
Characteristic of Free Stand Wire-Grid Polarizers in Sub-Millimeter Wave Range
Authors: Liu Hai Rui , Yu Jun Sheng , Liu Xiao Ming
Published: March 2013

Free stand wire-grids (FSWG) are widely used as polarizers, beam splitters, attenuators, and interferometers in millimeter wave and THz ranges. FSWG behaves as low-loss element as the wire grid is unsupported with a substrate, and provides good performance in the range of 0.1-3.0 THz. This paper analyzes the characteristic of the wire-grid polarizers in sub millimeter wave range. These analysis include the spectral transmittance with different wire spacing and incident angle. In order to evaluate the analysis, we measured the transmittance of wire-grid polarizer by using a novel quasi-optical system. Test results of transmittance show that the extinction ratio is over 15 dB up to 700GHz, which agrees well with predictions.
Comparison of the Models to Predict the Effective Young's Modulus of Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Multi-Shape Inclusions
Authors: Luo Dong Mei , Yang Hong , Chen Qiu Yan , Zhou Ying Long
Published: March 2013

In this paper, two kinds of micro-mechanical models are utilized to predict the effective Young's modulus for hybrid composites including fiber-like, spherical and needle inclusions in an isotropic matrix. The two models of Multi-Phase Mori-Tanaka Model (MP model) and Multi-Step Mori-Tanaka Model (MS model) are proposed by the authors in a series of interrelated research. The results show that the shape and the Young’s modulus of inclusion, aspect ratio of fiber-like inclusion are the controlling factors to influence the Young's modulus, and MP model is more rational to predict the effective Young’s modulus of hybrid composites reinforced with multi-shape inclusions.
How to Select the Fire-Resistant Calculation Model for the Completed Steel Structure
Authors: Chen Ling , Chan Dong Hui , Qiao Xiang
Published: March 2013

Finite element model of the three-dimension steel frame of sorbic alcohol warehouse is built to study the response of the steel structure on fire. The material nonlinearity and geometrical nonlinearity being aroused by high-temperature are taken into account adequately during this computation. Shell elements are used to model the concrete floor slab，beams as well as columns. The rigid connection and flexible connection between the beams and column are considered respectively. In order to reduce the computing amount, the effects of the completed structure and the neighboring span have been explored under the local fire. It turns out that it has more effects on stresses and deflections in the neighboring span than that in others when the whole structure is under local fire. It has greater deflections when using the rigid connection than using flexible connection between the components. Meanwhile, according to the rules of the stresses and the deflections of the structure, the method of selecting the effective and reasonable simulating areas under the local fire is concluded. The conclusions are important for building the reasonable simulating areas on fire and for further studying the mechanical behaviors of the steel structure, also significant for providing references for the fire-resistant calculation of the completed steel structure.
Calcium Stearate and Alumina Trihydrate Addition of Irradiated LDPE, EVA and Blends with Electron Beam
Authors: Sabet Maziyar , Anuwar Mohd Syafiq Bin
Published: March 2013

Irradiation effects on the properties of alumina trihydrate (ATH) / low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/ ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) / calcium stearate (CS) have been studied and confirmed that EVA and CS addition to the polymeric blends have improved the mechanical properties. ATH addition increased the cross-linking density and improved the blend reinforcing factor but deteriorated the blend mechanical properties. CS addition made ease the ATH dispersion inside polymer matrix. CS addition optimum value in blends was 3 phr and CS addition above 3 phr value deteriorated the blends mechanical properties.
High-Speed Bird Impact Analysis of Aircraft Windshield by Using a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model
Authors: Uzair Ahmed , Wang Jun , Xu Ying Jie , Zhang Wei Hong
Published: March 2013

In this study, a numerical model was established to predict the dynamic response of PMMA based polymeric aircraft windshield against high speed bird impact. A detailed nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model with tensile failure criterion was used to predict the damage and failure of windshield structure. The numerical model was implemented by employing user defined material subroutine (UMAT) in explicit finite element (FE) solver LS-DYNA 3D. Numerical results were validated against experimental data and further investigations were carried out to study the influence of increased bird velocity and impact location on windshield. On the basis of numerical results, the limiting bird velocity and critical impact location on windshield were determined. The study will help to optimize the design of windshields against high speed bird strikes.
Study on High-Cycle Fatigue Property of Q500q Bridge Steel
Authors: Yang Liu , Tang Di , Wu Hui Bin , Zheng Hong Wei , Jiang Jin Xing
Published: March 2013

The fatigue limit and S-N curve of Q500q bridge steel were obtained by high-cycle fatigue test. The experimental results show that the fatigue limit of the experimental steel is 552.5MPa at room temperature with stress ratio R=0.1.There are some differences from the traditional fatigue fracture of high-cycle fatigue, the experimental steel’s rapid propagation area shows the morphology feature of both plastic fracture and brittle fracture. From analyzing the fatigue facture, the morphology feature of plastic fracture is mainly caused by the high fatigue limit. The little size (2~4μm) of inclusions in the experimental steel and the acicular ferrite’s microstructure feature of sub-lath structure with high-density dislocation reduce the crack initiation. And that’s the main reason why the steel has such high fatigue limit.
Experimental Study on Aseismatic Property of a Two-Bay Two-Story Lightweight Steel Frame
Authors: Xu Feng , Jia Lian Guang , Liu Ming , Pan Jing
Published: March 2013

Through low–cycle repetitive loading experiment of a two-bay two-story lightweight steel frame, the paper studies pseudo dynamic test study of lighweight steel frame using column web post-buckling strength. It studies failure pattern, hysteresis property, energy mechanism, energy dissipation and rigidity degeneration of lighweight steel frame under seismic load. The results show lighweight steel frame have good aseismatic property and good energy dissipation at node domain.
The Endothermic Performance Experimental Study of New Type Cavity Heat Receiver
Authors: Li Jin Ping , Zhao Qin Tong , Feng Rong , Li Zhen , Ma Jian
Published: March 2013

As one of the core components of the disc type solar thermal power generation system, endothermic performance of cavity absorber has an important impact on photoelectric efficiency of the system. So developed a new type hemispherical heat pipe cavity heat receiver, and experimental studied endothermic performance of the new cavity receiver in disc dual-axis tracking system. The results showed that when the direct solar radiation was 505.5W/m2, the endothermic power was 1686W, and solar thermal efficiency was 75.1%.
Problem Analysis and Countermeasures of the Construction Enterprises in the Green Construction
Authors: Jin Jia Sheng
Published: March 2013

Green construction is a relative concept, development, become the subject of the relevant departments of the State and enterprises need to seriously consider building green construction to carry out construction work in sustainable development boom. This paper describes the construction enterprise green construction; analysis learned difficult to implement green construction, mainly in four areas, namely the lack of awareness of green construction, current management mechanism is not perfect, irrational development of the construction industry as well as economic benefits can not be is embodied, and for these reasons put forward countermeasures and suggestions to expedite the implementation of green construction in the construction work carried out.
Role of Corrosion in Life-Cycle Performance Evaluation of Existing Buildings with Steel Moment Resisting Frames: II
Authors: Chang Heui Yung
Published: March 2013

Corrosion attacks steel buildings mainly when the connections wait for welding on site. In the companion paper, the effects were investigated by a series of weld tests. The results show that the surface rust may increase the level of porosity in steel welds, reducing the strength by 5% on average. This paper made a case study, further investigating the effects together with those of workmanship. The seismic risk of the example building has been assessed and compared in detail for acceptable and marginal quality workmanship. The results obtained from the above studies will help develop more sound strategies in construction management and building renovation.
Transmission and Temperature for the Surface Icing Solar Pond
Authors: Li Nan , Zhang Cai Hong , Sun Wen Ce
Published: March 2013

This paper investigates the radiation transmission model and heat conduction model of a solar pond which are covered with ice in the surface in winter. Combined radiation transmission functions of the natural ice which is based on experiments and the Wang and Seyed-Yagoobi model of the solar pond, temperature changing of LCZ is obtained by numerical simulation. It is revealed that surface ice of pond influences temperature changing of LCZ in two different sides. Solar energy-transmitted to the pond, on the one hand, is reduced which is disadvantageous to temperature ascending. On the other hand, the long wave from the bottom of pond is reflected downwards by lower surface of ice. Formation of greenhouse effect below the ice prevents bottom energy losing. This provides a positive influence on keeping heat stability of a salinity gradient solar pond.
Research on Sustainability Assessment of Large-Scale Public Building
Authors: Yu Jun Qi , Gao Jing , Yan Gui Yong
Published: March 2013

Research the sustainability of large-scale public building, select key performance indicators (KPIs) and present a comprehensive assessment method. The sustainability assessment system and weight of all levels of indicator are established based on the method of which combine the Questionnaire with Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), the assessment matrix are established according to the principle of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) in order to the further assessment. The example of application is given and the results are conformed to reality. The results show that this method is feasible and it can assess the sustainability of large-scale public building accurately and efficiently.
An Innovative Design of the Automatic Solar Tracking Control Scheme
Authors: Bai Jian Yun , Liu Li Hong , Kong Xiang Jie
Published: March 2013

A double-axis solar tracking system based on horizontal coordinate is adopted. A method of combining the sun trajectory tracking and light intensity sensor is proposed in this tracking system. Detection results of light intensity sensor were used to determine weather situation, control the start -stop of the tracking system. The sun trajectory was calculated by astronomical algorithms to determine the solar orientation. Different interval times were set in different time periods to improve the tracking accuracy. It enhances solar radiation, improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems and reduces the cost of photovoltaic power generation. This system is simple and easy to achieve. It has lower cost and reliable performance. It can be used in large-scale photovoltaic power plant projects.