bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A geostatistical spatially varying coefficient model for mean annual runoff that incorporates process-based simulations and short records
Authors: Roksvåg Thea , Steinsland Ingelin , Engeland Kolbjørn
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We present a Bayesian geostatistical model for mean annual runoff that incorporates simulations from a process-based hydrological model by treating the simulations as a covariate in the statistical model. The regression coefficient of the covariate is modeled as a spatial field such that the relationship between the covariate (simulations from a hydrological model) and the response variable (observed mean annual runoff) is allowed to vary within the study area. Hence, it is a spatially varying coefficient. A preprocessing step for including short records in the modeling is also suggested and we obtain a model that can exploit several data sources by using state of the art statistical methods. The geostatistical model is evaluated by predicting mean annual runoff for 1981–2010 for 127 catchments in Norway based on observations from 411 catchments. Simulations from the process-based HBV model on a 1 km × 1 km grid are used as input. We found that on average the proposed approach outperformed a purely process-based approach (HBV) when predicting runoff for ungauged and partially gauged catchments: The reduction in RMSE compared to the HBV model was 20 % for ungauged catchments and 58 % for partially gauged catchments, where the latter is due to the preprocessing step. For ungauged catchments the proposed framework also outperformed a purely geostatistical method with a 10 % reduction in RMSE compared to the geostatistical method. For partially gauged catchments however, purely geostatistical methods performed equally well or slightly better than the proposed combination approach. It is not surprising that purely geostatistical methods perform well in areas where we have data. In general, we expect the proposed approach to outperform geostatistics in areas where the data availability is low to moderate.
Assimilation of sea ice thickness derived from CryoSat-2 along-track freeboard measurements into the Met Office’s Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM)
Authors: Fiedler Emma Kathleen , Martin Matthew , Blockley Ed , Mignac Davi , Fournier Nicolas , Ridout Andy , Shepherd Andrew , Tilling Rachel
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The feasibility of assimilating SIT (sea ice thickness) observations derived from CryoSat-2 along-track measurements of sea ice freeboard is successfully demonstrated using a 3D-Var assimilation scheme, NEMOVAR, within the Met Office’s global, coupled ocean-sea ice model, FOAM (Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model). The Arctic freeboard measurements are produced by CPOM (Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling) and are converted to SIT within FOAM using modelled snow depth. This is the first time along-track observations of SIT have been used in this way, with other centres assimilating gridded and temporally-averaged observations. The assimilation greatly improves the SIT analysis and forecast fields generated by FOAM, particularly in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic-wide observation-minus-background assimilation statistics show improvements of 0.75 m mean difference and 0.41 m RMSD (root-mean-square difference) in the freeze-up period, and 0.46 m mean difference and 0.33 m RMSD in the ice break-up period, for 2015–2017. Validation of the SIT analysis against independent springtime in situ SIT observations from NASA Operation IceBridge shows improvement in the SIT analysis of 0.61 m mean difference (0.42 m RMSD) compared to a control without SIT assimilation. Similar improvements are seen in the FOAM 5-day SIT forecast. Validation of the SIT assimilation with independent BGEP (Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project) sea ice draft observations does not show an improvement, since the assimilated CryoSat-2 observations compare similarly to the model without assimilation in this region. Comparison with Air-EM (airborne electromagnetic induction) combined measurements of SIT and snow depth shows poorer results for the assimilation compared to the control, which may be evidence of noise in the SIT analysis, sampling error, or uncertainties in the modelled snow depth, the assimilated observations, or the validation observations themselves. The SIT analysis could be improved by upgrading the observation uncertainties used in the assimilation. Despite the lack of CryoSat-2 SIT observations over the summer due to the effect of meltponds on retrievals, it is shown that the model is able to retain improvements to the SIT field throughout the summer months, due to previous SIT assimilation. This also leads to regional improvements in the July SIC (sea ice concentration) of 5 % RMSD in the European sector, due to slower melt of the thicker modelled sea ice.
Análise de adaptações cinematográficas baseadas em obras canônicas da literatura: os casos de Jane Eyre e Madame Bovary
Authors: Beatrice Costa Cynthia
Published: May 2021

Clássicos da literatura sempre estiveram presentes nas telas. Dois desses clássicos, Jane Eyre (1847), de Charlotte Brontë, e Madame Bovary (1856), de Gustave Flaubert, acumulam, respectivamente, cerca de 30 e de 15 adaptações televisivas e cinematográficas – uma história multimidiática que impacta a renovação constante desses romances em nosso imaginário.
Audiodescrição: traduza imagens em palavras e acenda luzes na vida das pessoas
Authors: Perrotti-Garcia Ana Julia
Published: May 2021

A acessibilidade e a inclusão são temas cada vez mais presentes na vida de empresários, profissionais liberais, atores e diretores, produtores culturais, professores e do público em geral. A regulamentação da obrigatoriedade de oferecimento desses recursos à população chegou tarde ao Brasil. Certamente, é impossível falarmos de acessibilidade, sem nos reportarmos inicialmente à Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). A LBI, sigla pela qual a Lei é conhecida, foi instituída somente em julho de 2015, pela Lei nº 13.146.
Entre a técnica e a acessibilidade: uma introdução teórico-prática à legendagem
Authors: Spolidorio Samira
Published: May 2021

A legendagem é uma modalidade de tradução que sempre desperta muito interesse e, por vezes, até fortes emoções. O interesse se manifesta na curiosidade em saber como é o processo de legendar um filme ou uma série, presente na grande variedade de cursos, oficinas, palestras, etc. sobre o tema, que sempre têm suas vagas rapidamente esgotadas (como foi o caso da nossa oficina no VI Encontro “E Por Falar Em Tradução”!). Já as fortes emoções aparecem na acalorada discussão entre quem prefere dublagem versus quem gosta mais da legendagem, além das intermináveis reclamações da suposta qualidade das legendas, gerando críticas a respeito das opções de tradução, pois “não foi bem isso que a pessoa disse”.
A Rare Infection Factor in a Patient with Multiple Nodules During The COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Actinomycosis Odontoliticus
Authors: Doğan Betül İkbal , Anar Ceyda , Sertogullarindan Bunyamin , Turan Onur
Published: May 2021

Pulmonary actinomycosis has been reported to account for 15% of all cases of actinomycosis, and pulmonary Actinomyces odontolyticus is particularly rare. Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that often occurs in immunocompromised conditions, but it can also affect healthy people.Here, we present a case in which we diagnosed an immunocompetent 33-year-old female patient with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by bronchoscopy, which is characterized by nodules with ground glass density in bilateral lung caused by A. odontolyticus due to a dental abscess. Bilateral nodular infiltrates made us think of metastatic lung disease; We assessed the patıent in terms of COVID-19 pneumonıa as we are in the perıod of pandemia.
Evaluation of Treatment Results in Patients with a History of Acute or Chronic Lung Disease Admitted to the Smoking Cessation Clinic
Authors: Çolak Mustafa , Aslaner Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the treatment results of patients with a history of lung disease evaluated in our smoking cessation clinic. METHODS: A total of 112 cases referred to and started treatment at the our smoking cessation polyclinic between the dates of 01.01.2018 and 31.12.2018 were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: The median age of the 112 cases were evaluated was 42, and there was a %72,3 prevalence of the male gender. There was no significant difference in terms of gender distribution between cases with a history of acute or chronic lung disease (p=0,721). There was a history of acute lung disease in %55,4 (n=62) of cases, and chronic lung disease in %44,60 (n=50). Similar treatment agents for smoking cessation were used in both groups. At the end of the three-month follow up period, it was observed that 38 patients (%61,3) in the group with a history of acute lung disease, and 29 facts (%58) in the group with a history of chronic lung disease quit smoking, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0,724). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that acute or chronic respiratory disease did not make a significant differ in the results of smoking cessation treatments.
Interaction Between Dyspnea, Care Dependency, and Frailty in Geriatric Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Çakıcı Merve , Gök Metin Zehra
Published: May 2021

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) causes an increase in symptom burden and deteriorates the health status of geriatric individuals due to its progressive and chronic nature. As a result of the increasing severity of dyspnea with the progression of the disease, the oxygen requirement of geriatric individuals increases during physical movements and in order to tolerate this situation, most of the patients move less during the day and try to spend minimum effort. As the health status deteriorates and the symptom burden increases, patients become dependent on daily living activities such as dressing, nutrition, individual hygiene and movement. The risk of occurrence of frailty syndrome in geriatric individuals with COPD increases with the accompanying increase in dyspnea and care dependence. Considering the literature, limited studies have been found that investigating dyspnea, care dependence and frailty variables in geriatric individuals with COPD, simultaneously. Therefore, the interaction between the variables of dyspnea, care dependency and frailty in geriatric individuals with COPD and the importance of care approach are discussed in this review.
Simultaneously Videotoracoscopic Resection of the Bronchogenic and Pericardial Cyst
Authors: Yazgan Serkan , Ucvet Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Primary mediastinal cysts are rare, congenital and benign lesions originating from various embryological tissue types. However, it can present with similar clinical and radiological findings at almost every age. We present this case to emphasize that two separate mediastinal cysts originating from different embryological origins in different compartments of the mediastinum are extremely rare and that these cysts can be simultaneously resected by videothoracoscopic surgery.
Factors Affecting Occurence of Brain Metastasis During Lung Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Yıldırım Eylem , Kömürcüoğlu Berna , Bozkurt Tülin , Salık Bilge , Balcı Günseli , Mertoğlu Aydan
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Brain metastases are frequently seen in lung carcinomas and increase mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting brain metastases occurrence and to determine survival after brain metastases in patients with lung cancer. METHODS: The study included 72 patients who were diagnosed with lung carcinoma and had no brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was 40.3%, while small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was 31.9% and squamous cell carcinoma was 26.4%. At the time of diagnosis 30.6% of patients were in stage IVB, 29.2% in stage IIIB and 18.1% in stage IIIA group. There were 5 (6.9%) patients in stage I and II. N2 involvement was found in 66.7% of the patients and N3 involvement was found in 23.6% of the patients. In the initial diagnosis, distant metastasis was not present in 63.9% of the patients. The time to brain metastasis development was 10.0 months. The survial of the patients was 2.0 months after the development of brain metastasis. Only 8,3% (n: 6) of the patients are still alive. All these alive patients were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, despite the adequate treatment responses in the primary tumor, brain metastasis developed in the patients within one year and caused loss of life in two months. Mediastinal lymph node involvement, local advanced and metastatic stage disease and adenocancer histology are effective factors in the development of brain metastasis in lung carcinoma.
Does Pulmonary Embolism Differ Between Genders in Terms of Clinical, Laboratory Findings, Prognosis and Mortality?
Authors: Unat Damla Serçe , Ayrancı Aysu , Polat Gulru , Karadeniz Gülistan , Demirci Üçsular Fatma , Unat Ömer Selim , Büyükşirin Melih , Yalnız Enver
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a disease that mortal and hardly diagnosed. Since findings of PTE are nonspesific diagnosed can be so hard sometimes. Major risk factors are malignancy, immobility, previous surgery, thrombophilia, advanced age, and genetic factors. Studies on the relationship between gender and prognosis in PTE have very different results. In this study, we aimed to evaluate gender differences in terms of prognosis, intensive care admission, laboratory, and radiological tests. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 348 patients diagnosed with Acute PTE between January 2012 and December 2015. All of these patients were patients who applied to the emergency department of our center, which is a third step chest diseases hospital. We used the PTE guideline jointly designed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) for prognosis classifications. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 62.7, while the male patients were younger. Women's sPESI scores and mean ages were observed higher than men. Although women had more bad prognostic factors, no significant difference was found between both genders in terms of early mortality. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although there is a difference between mean age and simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) scores; no difference in early mortality between men and women. Gender studies in PTE are an area that is open to new studies, since the studies conducted on this subject give quite different results and these results may affect the follow-up protocols.
An Unusual Late Complication of Traumatic Rupture of Diaphragm: Thoracic Herniation of Liver
Authors: Acar Tuba , Gürsoy Soner
Published: May 2021

The translocation of the intraabdominal organs into the intrathoracic cavity via the injured area in the diapragm after blunt or penetrated trauma is called traumatic rupture of the diapragm.The translocation of intrabdominal organs into the intrathoracic cavity is a rare, well known, but easily overlooked complication. In cases of severe traumatic events the diagnosis may be skipped due to hemodynamic instability of the patient which may delay treatment. We reported a patient with diaphragmatic rupture diagnosed 1.5 months after a blunt thoracic trauma.
Assessment of Serum Endocan and sICAM-1 Levels as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation and Their Relationship with Comorbidities in COPD Patients
Authors: Yazıcı Onur , Karadağ Fisun , Taş Gülen Şule , Talay Mustafaoğlu Burcu , Büyüköztürk Karul Aslıhan
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has systemic effects and is accompanied by numerous comorbidities. Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction increase incidence of comorbidities in COPD. Endocan and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) can be used as indicators for determining endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. We aimed to investigate endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation using endocan and sICAM-1 levels and determine associations of these indicators with comorbidities in COPD patients. METHODS: COPD patients who presented to Outpatient Chest Diseases Clinic between May 2018 and May 2019 and a control group were included in the study. Demographic data, comorbidities, forced vital capacity (FVC)%, forced expiratory volume 1-second (FEV1)%, and FEV1/FVC, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores, and COPD-assessment-questionnaire (CAT) scores of COPD patients were recorded. COPD patients were divided into two groups as those with/without comorbidities. Besides, they were classified into four groups (A-D) according to the GOLD classification. Serum endocan and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels were measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS: Endocan and sICAM-1 levels of the COPD group were higher (p<0.001 and p=0.031, respectively). COPD and Control Groups had similar incidences of comorbidities except for coronary artery disease. Serum endocan and sICAM-1 levels of COPD patients with/without comorbidities and COPD subgroups were similar. Endocan had negative correlations with FVC% and FEV1% and was positively correlated with CAT, mMRC, and smoking, whereas sICAM-1 was positively correlated with the amount of smoking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation are present independent of comorbidities and disease severity in COPD patients. Endocan and sICAM-1 can be used to indicate this situation. Endocan can be used, but sICAM-1 is insufficient to predict airway obstruction severity.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Parent Attitude and Emotional Regulations of Mothers of Child/Adolescent Diagnosed Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Çakır Özlem , Ertem Melike
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Raising awareness in the emotions and behaviors of child / adolescent mothers diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder balances the relationship between the mother and child. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental attitude and emotion regulation in children / adolescent mothers diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). METHODS: The study was applied to mothers with children aged 8-18 years who were enrolled in the pediatric psychiatry outpatient clinic of a university hospital and served between July-November 2019. The population of the study consisted of 119 mothers who made appointments via telephone and internet, and the sample consisted of 60 volunteer mothers who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected by using socio-demographic form, Parental Attitude Scale and Emotional Difficulty Scale. RESULTS: According to this, the mean EES and DSSI were 8.91 ± 2.38 and 37.28 ± 8.15, respectively. “Extreme Loose Attitude ından, 3.49 (SD = 0.98),“ Overreacting Attitude ”3.11 (SD = 1.27), and“ Aggressive Attitude were found to be 2.31 (SD = 1.26). A positive correlation was found between “Extreme Loose Attitude” and PAS (p <0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between “Overreactive Attitude” and “Aggressive Attitude ((p <0.01); There was a positive positive correlation (p <0.001) between “overreactive attitude” and mean scores of PES (p <0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between mothers' parental attitudes and emotional regulation and this affects children / adolescents. Therefore, mothers should be taught to regulate their emotional state towards children / adolescents, to control this process, and to contribute to the positive development of their democratic attitudes and behaviors. Ensuring that Pediatric Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses play a supportive, caring, consultant and educational role in clinics will have an important place in the services of Pediatric and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases.
The Effects of Liquids and Aerosols of Electronic Cigarette (e-cigarette) on Public Health
Authors: Ada İpek
Published: May 2021

The e-cigarette, which is increasingly used in the world and in our country, is frequently preferred by young adults with its different aroma, pleasant smell and different designs. Users generally think that e-cigarette is not harmful to human health and is used as a means of quitting smoking traditional cigarettes. Recently, it has been concluded that very few researches have been conducted on e-cigarettes threatening human health due to both technical and physiological reasons and that sufficient number of quality control and health researches have not been performed before they are marketed. The aim of this review is to present different studies on e-cigarettes between 2009-2019, to discuss the possible damages of e-cigarettes and to determine the approaches and recommendations that can be applied in reducing the use of e-cigarettes. It is thought that this review will contribute to further studies to be performed about the effects of e-cigarette on human health.
A Very Rare Case: Metastatic Inguinal Mass From Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Keskin Mehmet Zeynel , İlbey Yusuf Özlem
Published: May 2021

Cancers of unknown primary (CUP) that we rarely encounter,conversely rank fourth in cancer-related deaths in males and females. In this case, we aimed to present how the primary of an inguinal mass, which could have been diagnosed as CUP in the 80’s, could be detected using advanced immunohistochemical methods.
The Relationship Between Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Troponın I in Pulmonary Thromboembolism Patients
Authors: Çil Ercan , Karadeniz Gülistan
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and troponin I levels in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Method: The first emergency department admission data of 70 patients hospitalized in the Chest Diseases Department between January 2016 and December 2018 with the diagnosis of non-massive and sub-massive pulmonary thromboembolism were retrospectively reviewed. Data concerning complete blood count, levels of d-dimer, and troponin I, thorax computed tomography angiography and bilateral lower extremity venous Doppler ultrasonography were obtained. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.1±16.5 years. The female/male ratio was 32 (45.7%) / 38 (54.3%). Troponin I values were 0.027±0.038 ng/mL, and 0.062±0.143 ng/mL in patients with filling defects in the unilateral, and bilateral pulmonary arteries, in thoracic computed tomography angiography respectively. Troponin I elevation was detected in 2 of 25 patients with unilateral, and in 15 of 45 patients with bilateral filling defects. The mean neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios were 4.01±2.51 in patients with unilateral, and 4.73±5.81 in patients with bilateral filling defects. There was no correlation between troponin 1 and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Conclusion: Mean values for troponin 1 levels were higher in pulmonary thromboembolism patients with bilateral pulmonary artery filling defects when compared with those with unilateral pulmonary artery filling defects. However, there was no significant relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and troponin I positivity in non-massive and sub-massive pulmonary thromboembolism patients.
Evaluation of Neonatal Mortality in the Reference Center Over a Five-Year Period
Authors: Uygur Özgün , Ergin Fırat , Koyuncu Arslan Meltem , Gönülal Deniz , Sütçüoğlu Sümer , Akar Melek , Engür Defne , Öncel Mehmet Yekta
Published: May 2021

Objective: Nowadays, the neonatal mortality rate which is a national health problem can be reduced, especially in premature infants, thanks to improved patient care and appropriate treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate and causes of mortality in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the last five years. Method: Newborns lost between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 in the NICU of İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. Demographic data, duration of hospital stay, prenatal risk factors, mode of delivery, presence of congenital anomaly, causes of mortality and mortality rate were determined. Results: The records of 4155 infants hospitalized between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 were investigated and a total of 382 neonates who were lost during their stay in the NICU were included in the study. With these results, the five-year mortality rate in our neonatal intensive care unit was calculated as 9.1%. The average duration of hospitalization was 24.5 days (1-384). While prematurity / RDS was the most common cause of neonatal death, the other most common causes were sepsis/multiorgan failure, genetic causes and congenital heart diseases. Conclusion: Although the neonatal mortality rate is reduced with the improvement of perinatal-antenatal care besides technological improvements, health policy regulations are needed to decrease the neonatal mortality rate due to the increasing number of infants requiring major surgery.
FORMULASI DAN UJI DISOLUSI TERBANDING TABLET LEPAS LAMBAT NATRIUM DIKLOFENAK MENGGUNAKAN METHOCEL K100M SEBAGAI MATRIKS
Authors: Pertiwi Florentia Dian
Published: May 2021

Penyakit rheumatoid arthritis merupakan satu jenis penyakit yang menyerang bagian tubuh, terutama persendian, senyawa anti inflamasi non steroid yang umum digunakan adalah natrium diklofenak dimana senyawa ini bekerja sebagai penghambat produksi prostaglandin sebagai mediator nyeri. Waktu paruh yang pendek, membuat bahan obat ini harus dikonsumsi dalam jangka waktu yang pendek dan dilakukan berulang. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi Methocel K100M sebagai matriks dalam pembuatan tablet lepas lambat dan juga untuk mengetahui nilai kemiripan disolusi dengan innovator yang sudah ada di pasar. Dalam penelitian ini akan menggunakan natrium diklofenak yang mengandung 75mg serta eksipien berupa Methocel K100M dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% sebagai matriks, Poli Vinil Pirolidon sebagai pengikat, Laktosa Monohidrat sebagai pengisi, Magnesium Stearat sebagai pelicin dan Aerosil sebagai pelincir. Granulasi basah menjadi metode yang dipilih untuk membuat tablet ini serta akan dilakukan uji terhadap sifat fisika dari granul dan tablet serta kandungan kadar dan disolusi tablet. Data yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini lalu diolah dan dibandingkan dengan sesifikasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan hasil Methocel K100M dengan konsentrasi 20% menghasilkan nilai kemiripan yang lebih tinggi dan memenuhi kriteria yaitu 54,15. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah matriks Methocel K100M dapat digunakan sebagai matriks dalam pembuatan tablet lepas lambat dan penggunaan dengan konsentrasi yang lebih besar dapat meningkatkan laju disolusi natrium diklofenak.Kata kunci: Natrium diklofenak; Methocel K100M; Tablet lepas lambat; Disolusi
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KEFIR SUSU KAMBING TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Rantono Satrio
Published: May 2021

Kefir merupakan produk susu fermentasi yang dapat dibuat dari bahan baku susu baik susu sapi, susu kambing atau susu domba dengan menambahkan biji kefir yang terdiri dari bakteri asam laktat dan khamir. Secara empiris kefir juga sudah dikenal memiliki khasiat terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktifitas antibakteri kefir susu kambing terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes sebagai bakteri penyebab jerawat. Susu kambing yang digunakan kemudian dicampurkan dengan biji kefir berbeda konsentrasi yaitu 2%, 4% dan 6%. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan media TSA untuk mengukur daya hambat bakteri dari susu kefir yang sudah dicampurkan dengan biji kefir. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh daya hambat lemah untuk campuran susu kambing dengan biji kefir konsentrasi 2%, sedangkan untuk konsentrasi 4% dan 6% memiliki daya hambat sedang. Tetapi hasil daya hambat yang terbaik yaitu campuran susu kambing dengan kbiji kefir pada konsentrasi 6%. Tingginya daya hambat tersebut disebabkan karena tingginya konsentrasi biji kefir dalam susu, biji kefir sendiri sudah mengandung bakteri yang menghasilkan senyawa bakteriosin dan senyawa laktat yang dapat mempengaruhi dan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain. Walaupun efektivitas daya hambat kefir tidak sebaik dengan menggunakan antibiotik.
Uji Stаbilitаs Fisik dаn Аktivitаs Аntibаkteri Ekstrаk Etаnol 70% Аkаr Ciplukаn (Physаlis аngulаtа L.) Terhаdаp Bаkteri Stаphylococcus аureus Dаlаm Formulаsi Sediааn Krim
Authors: Yusnita Shinta
Published: May 2021

Impetigo merupаkаn penyаkit kulit yаng disebаbkаn oleh Stаphylococcus аureus аtаu Streptococcus pyogenes, tetаpi Stаphylococcus merupаkаn pаtogen primer pаdа impetigo. Bаkteri Stаphylococcus аureus umumnyа merupаkаn bаkteri florа normаl yаng terdаpаt dаlаm kulit, tetаpi jikа populаsinyа melebihi bаtаs normаl mаkа dаpаt menimbulkаn penyаkit. Tumbuhаn di Indonesiа yаng dаpаt berpotensi sebаgаi аntibаkteri аdаlаh ciplukаn (Physаlis аngulаtа L.). Ciplukаn didugа mengаndung senyаwа kimiа аlаmi yаng berpotensi sebаgаi аntibаkteri. Metode ekstrаksi yаng digunаkаn аdаlаh mаserаsi dengаn pelаrut etаnol 70% lаlu аkаn di uji аktivitаs аntibаkteri dаlаm formulаsi sediааn krim dengаn metode silinder cup. Pemilihаn sediааn krim dikаrenаkаn krim lebih mudаh diаplikаsikаn, tidаk lengket, dаn lebih cepаt menyerаp dikulit. Uji stаbilitаs krim, meliputi uji orgаnoleptis, uji homogenitаs, uji pH, uji dаyа sebаr, uji viskositаs, dаn uji iritаsi.Kаtа Kunci: Аntibаkteri; Аkаr Ciplukаn (Physаlis аngulаtа L.); Formulаsi Krim; Uji Stаbilitаs Krim
Uncertainties of the solar wind in-situ velocity measurements
Authors: Gogoberidze G. , Gorgaslidze E.
Published: May 2021

We study spectral features of Alfvénic turbulence in fast solar wind. We propose a general, instrument independent method to estimate the uncertainty in velocity fluctuations obtained by in-situ satellite observations in the solar wind. We show that when the measurement uncertainties of the velocity fluctuations are taken into account the less energetic Elsasser spectrum obeys a unique power law scaling throughout the inertial range as prevailing theories of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence predict.
Investigation of faint galactic carbon stars from the First Byurakan Spectral Sky Survey. IV. GAIA DR2 data
Authors: Kostandyan G. R.
Published: May 2021

The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) data are used to analyze and estimate some important parameters for 127 carbon (C) type stars (56 are late N - type Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) C stars, 71 are early type CH giants) detected on the First Byurakan Spectral Sky Survey (FBS) low-resolution (lr) spectral plates. Gaia DR2 G broad band magnitudes are in the range 9.4m < G < 18.2m. for FBS C stars. Radial velocities (RV) is available for 75 C stars out of 127. For 9 objects RV is greater than 200 km/s. Absolute magnitudes in V band are estimated for 18 FBS C stars, having luminosity data, from which 17 are CH giants. They are in the range between -3.5m ≤ MV < +0.5m. For FBS 1918+869 absolute magnitude MV = -3.4(±0.2)m, which is typical for N type AGB C stars. Having distance estimations, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD, or color - absolute magnitude diagram) was constructed for C stars. All FBS detected C stars are giants and AGB stars in the Galactic Halo. They are not far than 14 kpc from the Sun and 8 kpc from the Galactic plane.
Pornografias: Disputas em torno de Sade
Authors: Grané Diniz Guilherme
Published: May 2021

A relevância da recepção da literatura do Marquês de Sade ainda está por ser plenamente compreendida. Ela se dá não apenas na chave da filosofia, mas também na da arte. Nesse aspecto, encontramos Sade no cinema europeu de vanguarda, no cinema hollywoodiano e no pornográfico. Andrea Dworkin ressaltará uma suposta afinidade entre a escrita sadeana e a moral sexual da encenação pornográfica: a da predação e ódio à mulher. No entanto, essa apropriação é disputada. Angela Carter oporá à visão de Dworkin a “mulher sadeana”: Sade teria concebido uma liberdade sexual feminina sem precedentes. Nesse sentido, é notável a influência do imaginário sexual sadeano em filmes pornográficos críticos da pornografia tradicional. Sendo assim, é interessante retraçarmos e considerarmos essas disputas e apropriações de Sade, de modo a termos uma compreensão melhor de sua relevância para a filosofia e arte contemporâneas.
KAJIAN YURIDIS MATERI MUATAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2009 TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA
Authors: Diamantina Amalia , Wisnaeni Fifiana , Saraswati Retno , Herawati Ratna , Anggun Sekar
Published: May 2021

Keberadaan Pancasila sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum dalam praktiknya masih sajamendapat pertentangan, baik oleh masyarakat maupun penyelenggara negara itu sendiri.Penghinaan terhadap lambang-lambang negara masih banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perludilakukan pengkajian apakah materi muatan dalam UU Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 tentang Bendera,Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara, serta Lagu Kebangsaan sudah selaras dengan nilai-nilai yangterkandung dalam Pancasila atau belum, mengingat undang-undang ini merupakan saranapemersatu, identitas, dan eksistensi bangsa yang menjadi simbol kedaulatan dan kehormatannegara sebagaimana yang diatur dalam konstitusi Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalahmetode yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis konsep dan peraturan perundang-undangan yangterkait dengan topik. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang didapat melalui studipustaka dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa materi muatan UUNomor 24 Tahun 2009 banyak mengalami tabrakan dengan peraturan lainnya dan kurang sesuaidengan asas-asas pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik. Selain itu, jugaterdapat beberapa pasal dan ayat yang kurang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila sehingga perlu adanya upaya harmonisasi dari badan negara yang memiliki kewenangan untuk itu terhadapperaturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang terkait dan terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila itu sendiri.
PANCASILA DALAM PRAKSIS SOSIAL: “MANUSIA PANCASILA” MENJAWAB PERMASALAHAN MASYARAKAT DIGITAL
Authors: Khasri M. Rodinal Khair
Published: May 2021

Artikel ini berangkat dari permasalahan masyarakat digital yang diindikasikan oleh fenomenahoax yang merupakan permasalahan epistemik dan etis. Kedua permasalahan tersebut sangatjarang dikaji dalam penelitian maupun tulisan ilmiah tentang hoax. Dengan demikian artikel inimenawarkan konsep “Manusia Pancasila” sebagai nomenklatur nilai-nilai Pancasila yangmerepresentasikan ideal manusia di dalam mengolah pengetahuan dan mempertimbangkankonsekuensi dari pengetahuan pada ranah sosial sebagai perkara etis. Konstruksi “ManusiaPancasila” berpijak pada ontologi monodualis, sosio-epistemologi, pengetahuan lokal, morallokal, moral Pancasila, dan moral agama. Pada akhirnya, implementasi “Manusia Pancasila”diarahkan pada formulasi dan evaluasi kebijakan pada sektor pemerintah dan sekolah. Melaluiimplementasi ini, diharapkan ada kesinambungan antara nilai acuan yang bersifat fundamental,formulasi dan evaluasi kebijakan, dan penyelenggaraan kegiatan belajar-mengajar pada sektorformal maupun informal.
Chikungunya associated vulvitis: case report and literature review
Authors: Guimarães Isabel Cristina Chulvis do Val , Grinceviciene Svitrigaile , Fialho Susana Cristina Aidé Viviani , Guimarães Renata do Val , Calvet Guilherme Amaral
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Chikungunya virus is spreading worldwide due to migration and globalization and could be presented with systemic and with unusual symptoms. Objective: To report a case of virus-transmitted infection detected in a woman during the gynecological examination at a vulvar clinic. Case report: A 73-year-old Caucasian woman attended a vulvar clinic because of dyspareunia and vulvar burning. Ulcers were observed on labia minora and perineum. A Chikungunya was diagnosed by seroconversion in paired specimens. She was prescribed prednisolone 40 mg once a day for 10 days. After oral steroid treatment, the woman had no body rashes or lesions on her genitals. Conclusion: This study emphasized that rare signs of unusual vulvitis with ulcers could be associated with Chikungunya infection.
La innovación social como herramienta para hacer frente a los retos urbanos: una aproximación al proyecto MARES-Alimentación (Madrid)
Authors: Yacamán-Ochoa Carolina , Sánchez Moral Simón , De la Fuente Rosa
Published: May 2021

El proyecto MARES de Madrid, liderado por el Ayuntamiento de Madrid (2016-2019), representa una de las iniciativas de innovación social más importantes de la ciudad en los últimos años. MARES desarrolló estrategias de resiliencia urbana y económica en materia de empleo desde el enfoque de la economía social y solidaria en cinco clústeres clave (alimentación, movilidad, reciclaje, energía y economía de los cuidados) para avanzar hacia un nuevo modelo productivo de la ciudad. Analizamos el proyecto a través del estudio de caso de MARES-Alimentación, el clúster que alcanzó el mayor grado de madurez, mediante entrevistas en profundidad y encuestas presenciales. Nuestras conclusiones permiten reflexionar sobre el papel de las redes de colaboración en el ecosistema innovador creado, los diferentes perfiles y formas de proximidad entre actores, la importancia de la infraestructura urbana catalizadora de la innovación social y la compleja relación de este tipo iniciativas con las instituciones públicas.
Heat Pipes Heat Exchanger for HVAC Applications
Authors: Barrak Anwar
Published: May 2021

With increasing global demands for energy (especially in developing countries), energy production will increase, the wasted energy will increase, and the emission and pollution will increase also. That makes the researchers focus on recovering the wasted heat and enhancing the recovery devices to improve the energy-saving amount. Heat pipe technology is one of the promising methods of transfer heat efficiently between two species. There are three common types of heat pipe; conventional heat pipe, thermosyphon, and oscillating heat pipe. Each type contains three sections: evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser section. The heat pipe as a heat exchanger was investigated and experimentally used by many authors to recover the wasted energy in many engineering applications.
Oseen’s Flow Past Axially Symmetric Bodies in Magneto Hydrodynamics
Authors: Kumar Srivastava Deepak
Published: May 2021

In the present technical note, drag on axially symmetric body for conducting fluid in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is considered under the no-slip condition along with the matching condition(ρ2U2=H02μ3σ) involving Hartmans number and Reynolds number to define this drag as Oseen’s resistance or Oseen’s correction to Stokes drag is presented. Oseen’s resistance on sphere, spheroid, flat circular disk (broadside) are found as an application under the specified condition. These expressions of Oseen’s drag are seems to be new in magneto-hydrodynamics. Author claims that by this idea, the results of Oseen’s drag on axially symmetric bodies in low Reynolds number hydrodynamics can be utilized for finding the Oseen’s drag in magneto hydrodynamics just by replacing Reynolds number by Hartmann number under the proposed condition.
Airway Management in Aviation, Space, and Microgravity
Authors: Abdelwahab Elarref Mohamed , Ismail Hassan Hussein Mogahed , Jaffar Khan Muhammad , Mohamed Elarif Noran
Published: May 2021

Although medical services in aviation have evolved over years based on our understanding of physiology, advancement in monitoring technology but airway management was only recently studied with a focus on space environment. The barometric pressure of ambient air declines as altitude increases, while the volume of air in a confined space will increase according to Boyle law, and therefore oxygen concentration remains at a constant 21%. Altitude sensitive equipment includes endotracheal and tracheostomy cuffs, pneumatic anti shock garments, air splints, colostomy bags, Foley catheters, orogastric and nasogastric tubes, ventilators, invasive monitors, and intra-aortic balloon pumps. The microgravity reduces the body compensation capacity for hemorrhage, while the redistribution of the blood can affect intubation by causing facial edema. Another change is the decreased gastric emptying during aviation. Acute respiratory failure, hypoxemia or inadequate ventilation and protection of the airway in a patient with impaired consciousness are common indications for advanced airway management in aviation. Airway management requires adequate training to maintain excellent medical care during aviation. Tracheal intubation using laryngoscopy would be difficult in microgravity, since the force exerted by the laryngoscope causes the head and neck move out of the field of vision by lever effect exerted on the head and generated through the laryngoscope blade by hand generating a lack of stability, resulting in the difficulty to insert the tracheal tube. While on the ground with the help of gravity, an adequate positioning of the patient is facilitated to achieve alignment of the laryngeal, pharyngeal and oral axes, which is known as sniffing position that allows visualization of the vocal cords and supraglottic structures allowing the introduction of an endotracheal tube.
Detailed Investigation of Spectral Vegetation Indices for Fine Field-Scale Phenotyping
Authors: Polivova Maria , Brook Anna
Published: May 2021

Spectral vegetation indices (VIs) are a well-known and widely used method for crop state estimation. These technologies have great importance for plant state monitoring, especially for agriculture. The main aim is to assess the performance level of the selected VIs calculated from space-borne multispectral imagery and point-based field spectroscopy in application to crop state estimation. The results obtained indicate that space-borne VIs react on phenology. This feature makes it an appropriate data source for monitoring crop development, crop water needs and yield prediction. Field spectrometer VIs were sensitive for estimating pigment concentration and photosynthesis rate. Yet, a hypersensitivity of field spectral measures might lead to a very high variability of the calculated values. The results obtained in the second part of the presented study were reported on crop state estimated by 17 VIs known as sensitive to plant drought. An alternative approach for identification early stress by VIs proposed in this study is Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that PCA has identified the degree of similarity of the different states and together with reference stress states from the control plot clearly estimated stress in the actual irrigated field, which was hard to detect by VIs values only.
Concept of a Management System for the Formation of Adult Language Skills on the Example of English
Authors: Dadykin Aliaksei
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to create a new technology for applying the most effective methods of forming speech skills of foreign language proficiency in adults. The research is interdisciplinary and is located at the intersection of psychology, pedagogy, linguistics, information technology and systems analysis. The goal is to implement a visual approach in an electronic educational environment to accelerate the acquisition of a new language by adults. The peculiarity of the approach is the logical relationship of the entire language system, time-saving learning of the material and the dynamics of the use of language structures. The proposed training management system is a distributed system for managing the formation (acquisition) language skills of adults. In the course of the system’s operation, a detailed statistical analysis of the results is carried out, dynamic learning curves of each student are displayed, coefficient tables are justified and indicators of the formation of speech comprehension skills by ear are specified, and speaking levels are determined from the initial to the threshold level of spontaneous speaking. The conceptual solution of such a system has been obtained, and its use will lead to a synergistic effect in the learning process and, as a result, the accelerated creation of a new language zone in the student’s mind. The system provides a process of controlled formation of speech skills to a threshold level that allows you to move from learning a language to improving it in the process of using it. Continuous evaluation of the level of competence of the learner leads to the formation of logarithmic learning curve and compensates for the prerequisites of the degradation of a learning curve in the direction of loss of expected competence, which opens up a new area of search in building learning management systems.
Developing a Novel Multiplexed Immune Assay Platform to Screen Kinase Modulators of T Cell Activation
Authors: Liu Zhaoping , Gomez-Donart Andrea , Weldon Caroline , Senutovitch Nina , O’Rourke John
Published: May 2021

T cell activation plays a central role in inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor, bi-specific antibody, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell, and adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies require the characterization and monitoring of T cell activation. Here we describe a novel, multiplex immune assay platform based on high-throughput flow cytometry technology and advanced computational algorithms for data analysis. The assay simultaneously measures T cell dynamics including phenotype, time-dependent expression of activation markers, secreted effector cytokines, and proliferation. The assay screened a kinase chemogenomic library and identified 25 kinase inhibitors with distinct inhibition profiles on early (CD69) and late (CD25) activation markers and the cytokines IFNγ and TNFα. We identified 5 kinase inhibitors with dissimilar effects on CD69 and CD25 expression, and a cluster of total 4 MEK1//2 inhibitors with similar activation profiles. The screening revealed 3 kinase inhibitors for PKC, IKK2, and MEK1/2 respectively, all with a phenotypic signature similar to ruxolitinib, a Jak1/2 inhibitor used to treat myelofibrosis disease. These results suggest this multiplexed assay platform, combined with a chemogenomic library screening, may be used as primary screen for phenotypic or target-based drug discovery, target identification, and potential drug repositioning.