bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Microbiologic Effects of Adjunctive Metronidazole Plus Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Generalized Chronic Periodontitis: Smokers Versus Non‐Smokers
Authors: Faveri Marcelo , Rebello Allisson , de Oliveira Dias Rafael , Borges‐Junior Ivan , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Feres Magda
Published: July 2013

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of the adjunctive use of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of smokers and non‐smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Thirty‐two smokers and 32 non‐smokers were selected and received scaling and root planing (SRP) combined with MTZ (400 mg three times daily) and AMX (500 mg three times daily) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiologic examinations were performed at baseline and 3 months after SRP. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient were analyzed using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.

Results: Both groups presented a significant improvement in all clinical parameters at 3 months after therapy (P <0.05). Non‐smokers showed lower mean number of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm after therapy. Fewer non‐smokers exhibited at least nine of these sites at 3 months after treatment. Non‐smokers also presented the greatest reductions in mean PD and gain in clinical attachment between baseline and 3 months after therapy at initially deep (PD ≥7 mm) sites (P <0.01). The most beneficial changes in the microbial profile were also observed in the non‐smoker group, which showed the lowest proportions of the orange complex at 3 months, as well as a significant increase in the proportions of Actinomyces species after treatment.

Conclusion: Smokers with CP benefit less than non‐smokers from treatment by the combination of SRP, MTZ, and AMX.
Effect of earthworm loads on organic matter and nutrient removal efficiencies in synthetic domestic wastewater, and on bacterial community structure and diversity in vermifiltration
Authors: Wang L. M. , Luo X. Z. , Zhang Y. M. , Lian J. J. , Gao Y. X. , Zheng Z.
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we studied the effect of earthworm loads on the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from synthetic domestic sewage and on the bacterial community structure and diversity of substrates in earthworm packing beds. The different vermifiltrations (VFs), including the control, are successful in removing both organic matter (OM) and nutrients. The removal rate of NH3-N at 12.5 g of earthworm/L of soil VF is higher compared with that at 0 and 4.5 earthworm load VFs. The highest Shannon index, in the earthworm packing bed, occurred at 16.5 earthworm load VF. Furthermore, the COD removal rate is significantly correlated with the Shannon index, which reveals that OM removal for synthetic domestic sewage treatment at VF might be more dependent on bacterial diversity at the earthworm packing bed. The band distributions and diversities of the bacterial community for samples from different earthworm loads in VFs suggest that the bacterial community structure was only affected within the earthworm packing bed when the earthworm load reached a certain level. The present study adds to the current understanding of OM and nutrient degradation processes in VF domestic wastewater treatment.
Modeling climate change impacts on combined sewer overflow using synthetic precipitation time series
Authors: Bendel David , Beck Ferdinand , Dittmer Ulrich
Published: July 2013

In the presented study climate change impacts on combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Southern Germany, were assessed based on continuous long-term rainfall–runoff simulations. As input data, synthetic rainfall time series were used. The applied precipitation generator NiedSim-Klima accounts for climate change effects on precipitation patterns. Time series for the past (1961–1990) and future (2041–2050) were generated for various locations. Comparing the simulated CSO activity of both periods we observe significantly higher overflow frequencies for the future. Changes in overflow volume and overflow duration depend on the type of overflow structure. Both values will increase at simple CSO structures that merely divide the flow, whereas they will decrease when the CSO structure is combined with a storage tank. However, there is a wide variation between the results of different precipitation time series (representative for different locations).
Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of perioperative firocoxib and tramadol administration in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Davila Diana , Keeshen Thomas P. , Evans Richard B. , Conzemius Mike G.
Published: July 2013

Objective—To evaluate the effects of perioperative oral administration of tramadol, firocoxib, and a tramadol-firocoxib combination on signs of pain and limb function after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.

Design—Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical trial.

Animals—30 adult client-owned dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Procedures—Dogs were allocated into 3 treatment groups (tramadol, firocoxib, and a tramadol-firocoxib combination). Signs of pain (short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale), serum cortisol concentrations, and limb function (pressure platform gait analysis) were recorded at several time points before surgery and through 3 days after surgery. Outcome measures were compared among groups.

Results—A significantly greater number of dogs in the tramadol group (8/10 dogs) had a pain score > 6 after surgery, compared with the other groups. No significant differences were detected in the pain scores between the firocoxib and the tramadol-firocoxib combination groups. There were no significant differences in serum cortisol concentrations among the 3 groups. Limb function was significantly decreased for dogs in the tramadol group on days 1 and 2 after surgery and in the firocoxib group on day 1 after surgery. Although limb function decreased for dogs in the tramadol-firocoxib combination group, the change was not significant for any day after surgery.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs that received firocoxib orally, alone or in combination with tramadol, had lower pain scores, lower rescue opiate administration, and greater limb function than dogs that received only tramadol. When used alone, oral administration of tramadol may not provide sufficient analgesic efficacy to treat dogs with pain after orthopedic surgical procedures.
Thoracic radiographic findings for dogs with cardiac tamponade attributable to pericardial effusion
Authors: Côté Etienne , Schwarz Leslie A. , Sithole Fortune
Published: July 2013

Objective—To determine the prevalence of various radiographic findings for dogs with cardiac tamponade (CT) attributable to pericardial effusion (PE) and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of such findings for identification of affected dogs.

Design—Retrospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study.

Animals—50 dogs with CT attributable to PE and 23 control dogs (10 healthy dogs and 13 dogs with cardiac diseases other than CT).

Procedures—Thoracic radiographic images of dogs were evaluated by an observer who was unaware of the dogs' medical histories. For each dog, a vertebral heart score, globoid appearance of the cardiac silhouette, and convexity of the dorsocaudal aspect of the cardiac silhouette were determined.

Results—The sensitivity and specificity of enlargement of the cardiac silhouette (vertebral heart score, ≥ 10.7) for identification of dogs with CT attributable to PE were 77.6% and 47.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of a globoid appearance of the cardiac silhouette for identification dogs with CT were 41.9% and 40.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of a convex appearance of the dorsocaudal aspect of the cardiac silhouette for identification of dogs with CT were 57.1% and 35.0%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicated none of the evaluated radiographic variables was highly (> 90%) sensitive or specific for identification of dogs with CT attributable to PE. Thoracic radiographic findings should not be considered reliable for identification of dogs with CT attributable to PE.
Distribution and outcome of ocular lesions in snakes examined at a veterinary teaching hospital: 67 cases (1985–2010)
Authors: Hausmann Jennifer C. , Hollingsworth Steven R. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Kass Philip H. , Maggs David J.
Published: July 2013

Objective—To determine the distribution and clinical outcome of ocular lesions in snakes.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—67 snakes with ocular lesions.

Procedures—Signalment, lesion duration, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome were recorded for all snakes with ocular lesions that were examined at a veterinary teaching hospital from 1985 to 2010.

Results—71 ocular lesions were detected in 67 of 508 (13%) snakes examined. Affected snakes were of the families Boidae, Pythonidae, Colubridae, and Viperidae. The distribution of ocular lesions did not vary by taxonomic family, age, or sex; however, snakes from the genus Epicrates with ocular lesions were overrepresented in the population. The most commonly diagnosed ocular lesions were retained spectacle (n = 41), pseudobuphthalmos or subspectacular abscess (13), trauma (8), and cataracts (4). Pseudobuphthalmos or subspectacular abscess developed more frequently in Colubridae than in non-Colubridae snakes. Of the 16 snakes with retained spectacles for which data were available, the lesion recurred once in 4 snakes and multiple times in 5 snakes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that retained spectacle was the most common ocular lesion diagnosed in snakes. Compared with other snakes with ocular lesions, snakes of the genus Epicrates had a higher than expected frequency of ocular lesions in general and snakes of the family Colubridae had a higher than expected frequency of pseudobuphthalmos or subspectacular abscess.
Application of Workability Test to Spd Processing
Authors: Kvačkaj T. , Kočiško R. , Tiža J. , Bidulská J. , Kováčová A. , Bidulský R. , Bacsó J. , Vlado M.
Published: July 2013

The aluminium alloy with chemical conception AlMgSi prepared by PM (powder metallurgy) technology was used. The experiments such as a ring and compression test, ECAR (equal channel angular rolling) for determination of friction coefficient, stress-strain curves and material workability based on analytical methods (Freudenthal, Cockcroft-Latham and normalized Cockcroft-Latham criteria) were performed. Numerical simulations of sample processed by ECAR was carried out by a software Deform 3D with focus on the description of stress, strain fields and workability criteria (Cockcroft-Latham and normalized Cockcroft-Latham). The prediction of fracture formations in a real ECAR sample during processing conditions was also done.
Optimization of the Heat Treatment and Tribological Properties of 2024 and 7075 Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Kaczmarek Ł. , Steglinski M. , Sawicki J. , Swiniarski J. , Batory D. , Kyzioł K. , Kołodziejczyk Ł. , Szymanski W. , Zawadzki P. , Kottfer D.
Published: July 2013

This paper describes two stages of optimization of the properties of 2024 and 7075 aluminium alloys, in particular their resistance to pitting by first T6, T6I6 or T6I4 treatment, and second increase its tribological properties by depositing by RF PACVD method a gradient coating of high adhesion to the substrate.

Quantitative microstructural characteristics reveals that it is possible to increase hardness (up to 190HV for 7075 alloy) with relatively high yield strength (520 MPa) and high ultimate elongation (about 20%) by optimizing dispersion of precipitates using two-stage artificial aging process.

Next to eliminate forming of thin Al2O3 layer with relatively poor adhesion to the aluminium substrate, gradient a-C: H/Ti layers synthesis hybrid plasma chemical RF PACVD reactor equipped with pulsed magnetron sputtering system was used. Using such configuration enables forming a thick and highly adherent diamond-like carbon layer on aluminium surface with low coefficient of friction (0.05), at a substrate temperature below 470K. Due to application of Ti magnetron cathode it was possible to improve the adhesion strength up to 30mN of diamond-like carbon layer to the covered substrate. Influence of deposition parameters on microhardness profile as well as adhesion and morphology were determined by nanotest and AFM, respectively.
Numerical Study of the Prestressed Connectors and Their Distribution on the Strength of a Single Lap, a Double Lap and Hybrid Joints Subjected to Uniaxial Tensile Test
Authors: Sadowski T. , Golewski P.
Published: July 2013

Prestressed joints are widely used in construction using connectors in the form of screws, whose task is to strong clamping of joined parts, thereby the internal forces in joint are transferred by surface friction contact of the elements. In the automotive and aerospace industries hybrid joints are more widely applied. Mechanical connectors are added to the adhesive joint in form of rivets, screws or clinch increasing its strength properties.

The aim of this study was to determine how the prestressed connectors influence the mechanical response of hybrid, single and double lap joints. The influence of different distribution of the connectors was also investigated. Numerical study was conducted in ABAQUS program. Mechanical connectors were modeled by using fasteners, that allowed for a considerable simplification of the numerical model. In their application, there is no need for an additional submodels for connectors in the form of the rivet or the bolt. Prestressing is activated by direct application of the force to the connector.

In the numerical examples the authors assumed that the diameter of the mechanical connectors was equal to 6mm and shear strength was equal 1kN. Adhesive layers were modeled by using cohesive elements for which maximum shear stresses and fracture energy were specified. The layer thickness was assumed to be equal 0.1mm and it was initially removed from the areas where mechanical connectors were placed.

Two types of joints were analysed in the study: the single lap joint with lap dimensions 40x40mm as well as the double lap joint with lap dimensions 40x20mm, from which it results that theoretical strength of both connections should be the same.

The prestressing of connectors was introduced by the force 1.5kN. For all pure - mechanical joints and for single lap joints positive effects were obtained. For double lap joints additional prestressing did not significantly affect for their strength.

The influence of distribution of mechanical connectors was additionally analyzed by consideration of three configurations, where the rows of rivets were located at distances of 5, 10 and 15mm from the lap edge. The maximum increase of the load capacity by 24% was achieved for single lap joint as well as 35.7% for double lap joint.

The obtained numerical results indicate the positive effects of additional pressure and allows for practical suggestions how to correct and optimize spacing distance of mechanical connectors in hybrid joints to get better mechanical response.
Forming Limit Curves for Complex Strain Paths
Authors: Rojek J. , Lumelskyy D. , Pęcherski R. , Grosman F. , Tkocz M. , Chorzępa W.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents results of experimental studies of forming limit curves (FLC) for sheet forming under complex strain paths. The Nakazima-type formability tests have been performed for the as-received steel blank and for the blank pre-strained by13%. Prestraining leads to abrupt change of strain path in the blank deformation influencing the forming limit curve. The experimental FLC of the pre-strained blank has been compared with the FLC constructed by transformation of the as-received FLC. Quite a good agreement has been found out. The concept of strain-path independent FLCs in polar coordinates has been verified. Two types of the polar diagrams have been considered, the first one with the strain-path angle and effective plastic strain as the polar coordinates, and the second one originally proposed in this work in which the thickness strain has been used instead of the effective plastic strain as one of the polar coordinates. The second transformation based on our own concept has given a better agreement between the transformed FLCs, which allows us to propose this type of polar diagrams as a new strain-path in dependent criterion to predict sheet failure in forming processes.
Structure of the Amorphous-Crystalline Fe66Cu6B19Si5Nb4 Alloy Obtained by the Melt-Spinning Process
Authors: Kozieł T. , Latuch J. , Zielińska-Lipiec A.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents structure investigations of the rapidly cooled Fe66Cu6B19Si5Nb4 alloy. A proper selection of chemical composition enabled in-situ formation of the amorphous-crystalline composite during the melt spinning process. Liquid phase separation into the Fe-rich and the Cu-rich phases was confirmed. The microstructures of alloy, melt-spun from 1723 and 1773 K, are composed of the Fe-rich amorphous matrix and Cu-rich spherical crystalline precipitates. For the higher melt-ejection temperature, no coarse precipitates could be observed. Amorphous nature of the Fe-rich matrix was confirmed by presence of a broad diffraction maximum on the X-ray diffraction patterns, a halo ring on the electron diffraction pattern as well as presence of exothermic effects, related to the crystallization of the Fe-rich amorphous matrix, in the differential scanning calorymetry. Beside presence of copper, revealing positive heat of mixing with iron, relatively large supercooled liquid region, was noticed.
Adaptation of the modified pulse method for determination of thermal diffusivity of solids in the vicinity of the second-order phase transition points
Authors: Terpiłowski Janusz , Szczepaniak Robert , Woroniak Grzegorz , Rudzki Rafał
Published: July 2013

The paper presents the adaptation of the modified pulse method for investigating temperature characteristics of thermal diffusivity in the vicinity of the second-order phase transition points. The principle of the adaptation consists in the modified in relation to the original method, development of the characteristics of temperature changes between boundary surfaces of a flat-parallel specimen after the laser shot onto its front surface. The application of this adaptation was illustrated with investigation into thermal diffusivity of nickel (99.9% wt) in the temperature range of 20-380◦C. In all cases the measurement error was less than 3%, and the averaging interval for the measured values of thermal diffusivity was not greater than 1.2 K.
The Influence of Body Weight on Chosen Physiological Parameters in Wrestling
Authors: Karninčić Hrvoje , Krstulović Saša , Baić Mario
Published: July 2013

In this study, the authors attempted to determine whether the dynamics of blood lactate and glucose in wrestling depend on the weight class. Blood lactate and glucose curves during and after a wrestling match were determined. We also explained the dynamics of blood lactate and glucose in the context of recent glucose and lactate metabolism research. A sample of 60 youth wrestlers (15-20 years) were divided into three weight groups. Each athlete participated in one wrestling match. During the fight, the athletes' heart rate, glucose, and blood lactate were measured. The differences in body mass between the athletes did not affect the dynamics of lactate and glucose in wrestling competition (Fisher LSD test). We established that lactate and glucose dynamics are the same for all weight groups (Fisher LSD-Lactate 1 < 2 < 3 = 4 > 5, Fisher LSD-Glucose 1 = 2 < 3 < 4 < 5). Understanding lactate and glucose metabolism in wrestling is important for wrestling coaches because they need to evaluate a wrestler's anaerobic energy status.
Benefits of Bandwidth Feedback in Learning a Complex Gymnastic Skill
Authors: Sadowski Jerzy , Mastalerz Andrzej , Niznikowski Tomasz
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two different frequencies of feedback during the process of learning a complex gymnastic skill, the round-off salto backward tucked. Thirty male acrobats participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: B - bandwidth feedback (n=15) or C - 100% feedback (n=15). Group B was provided with error information regarding the key elements of movement techniques only (bandwidth feedback). Our research demonstrates the advantage of augmented feedback information related to errors in the key elements. Information about errors in the key elements during learning a complex gymnastic skill prevents the gymnast from becoming overwhelmed, which promotes better motor control. These results provide support for the generalisation of bandwidth feedback principles to a complex task. Our research shows that the guidance hypothesis can also be tested in practical settings for a complex movement task.
On orbits of the automorphism group on an affine toric variety
Authors: Arzhantsev Ivan , Bazhov Ivan
Published: July 2013

Let X be an affine toric variety. The total coordinates on X provide a canonical presentation $$\bar X \to X$$ of X as a quotient of a vector space $$\bar X$$ by a linear action of a quasitorus. We prove that the orbits of the connected component of the automorphism group Aut(X) on X coincide with the Luna strata defined by the canonical quotient presentation.
Limited gene flow in Uca minax (LeConte 1855) along a tidally influenced river system
Authors: Staton Joseph , Borgianini Stephen , Gibson Ian , Brodie Renae , Greig Thomas
Published: July 2013

For crab larvae, swimming behaviors coupled with the movement of tides suggests that larvae can normally move upstream within estuaries by avoiding ebb tides and actively swimming during flood tides (i.e., flood-tide transport [FTT]). Recently, a 1-D transport model incorporating larval behavior predicted that opposing forces of river discharge and tidal amplitude in the Pee Dee River/Winyah Bay system of South Carolina, USA, could limit dispersal within a single estuary for downstream transport as well as become a dispersal barrier to recruitment of late stage larvae to the freshwater adult habitats of Uca minax (LeConte 1855). We sequenced 394-bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome apoenzyme b for 226 adult U. minax, from four locales along a 49-km stretch of the Pee Dee River/Winyah Bay estuary, above and below the boundary of salt intrusion. Results of an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and an exact test of population differentiation showed a small, but statistically significant (α=0.05) population subdivision among adults of the 4 subpopulations, as well as all subpopulations being significantly differentiated (α=0.05). This pattern fitted with model predictions, which implies that larval transport within the tidally influenced river system is limited.
Hrtem Observation of Age-Precipitation in Mg-Gd-Y Alloys
Authors: Nakagawa D. , Kawabata T. , Ikeno S. , Matsuda K.
Published: July 2013

Precipitation in Mg-Gd-Y alloys which have the different total amount of RE were investigated by HRTEM and SAED technique, and calculation of HRTEM images and electron density by first principles to understand the relationship between precipitation in these alloys and HRTEM images. The diffuse scattering by SAED was obtained in as-quenched samples in each alloy, and mono-layer zones have been confirmed by HRTEM observation. The atomic position just consisted of the RE and Mg columns show the black contrast, and the bright dots correspond to the space surrounding by the six Mg columns of hexagonal network with 0.18 nm. This is also corresponded the distribution of electron density of the cluster according to calculation by first principles.
Les migrations agricoles en France depuis un siècle et leur relation avec certains facteurs économiques
Authors: Goreux L.-M.
Published: July 2013

Au cours des cent dernières années, la population active masculine employée dans l'agriculture française a diminué d'environ 40 %. Le reclassement d'une part de la main-d'œuvre agricole dans les secteurs secondaire et tertiaire s'est accompagné d'un déplacement de population important.

Il s'est produit, à l'intérieur de la France, un flux de migration des régions à revenus faibles vers les régions à revenus élevés, l'intensité de ce flux augmentant en fonction de la différence des niveaux de revenu. Au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe, la distance constituait un obstacle notable aux déplacements de main-d'œuvre, mais l'importance de cet obstacle s'est réduite au XXe avec l'amélioration des facilités de transports.

La diminution de l'effectif de la main-d'œuvre agricole eût en général pour effet d'augmenter le taux de productivité du travail dans l'agriculture. Les migrations constituèrent à ce titre, un mécanisme régulateur tendant à réduire les disparités régionales des revenus par tête. A la fin du XIXe en particulier, on observe la persistance de différences régionales importantes dans les taux de rémunération de travailleurs d'un niveau de qualification analogue, ce phénomène s'explique par la lenteur du mécanisme des migrations au sein d'une économie en évolution rapide.

Au cours des soixante-dix dernières années, la réduction des différences régionales des salaires fut très nette, elle fut plus faible en ce qui concerne le revenu agricole moyen ; les effets régulateurs du mécanisme des migrations furent partiellement contrebalancés par un développement des nouvelles techniques de production plus rapide dans les régions riches que dans les régions pauvres.
Quelques remarques sur les effets des réductions d'abattement de zone de salaires
Authors: Méraud Jacques
Published: July 2013

Réduire les abattements de zone de salaires, c'est, en principe, depuis la loi de février 1950, réduire le salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti (s.m.i.g.) en province. En fait, chaque décision gouvernementale de ce genre, prise dans le passé, a provoqué d'abord une augmentation immédiate des salaires les plus bas de province, et, rapidement, une hausse de l'ensemble des salaires provinciaux, réduisant ainsi effectivement les écarts entre les salaires moyens de Paris et de province ; mais, dans les mois qui suivaient, les salaires parisiens ont augmenté à leur tour, de telle sorte que l'écart entre salaires moyens parisiens et provinciaux, s'élargissant à nouveau, a retrouvé sa valeur antérieure et parfois même l'a dépassée : c'est ainsi qu'en janvier 1956 cet écart était supérieur dans toutes les zones à ce qu'il était en 1949, sauf dans la zone d'abattement maximum.

Ces remarques éclairent le jugement que l'on peut porter sur certains arguments invoqués pour ou contre de nouvelles réductions d'abattement de zone.
L'évolution des disponibilités monétaires et de leurs contreparties depuis 1948
Authors: Raillon J.
Published: July 2013

Les disponibilités monétaires ont continuellement augmenté depuis décembre 1947. Le pourcentage des billets ne varie que dans des limites étroites et est en baisse depuis 1951.

En période de hausse des prix, les agents économiques essaient de réduire la valeur réelle de leurs encaisses et inversement.

Parmi les contreparties, les créances sur l'État qui représentaient à la fin de 1947 plus de 65 % de l'ensemble de celles-ci ont diminué en pourcentage jusqu'en 1951. Le pourcentage s'est alors stabilisé, jusqu'au début de 1954, pour recommencer à diminuer.

Ce sont les crédits à l'économie qui se sont accrus le plus nettement, bien que de façon irrégulière, depuis 1947, tant en valeur absolue qu'en pourcentage.
Problèmes économiques et planification dans l'Inde
Authors: d'Ivangin D.
Published: July 2013

La planification indienne est un intéressant exemple de planification démocratique mixte, avec participation d'importants investissements privés, parallèlement au secteur public. Le succès de l'expérience indienne peut déborder largement le cadre de l'Inde et servir d'exemple à bon nombre de pays sous- développés. Le premier plan quinquennal, axé principalement sur l'agriculture et les transports, vient de se terminer et les objectifs ont été réalisés dans une proportion de 87 %. Le second plan quinquennal qui vient de commencer en avril 1956 constitue une étape plus prononcée d'industrialisation. Les besoins en équipement étranger, pour la mise en œuvre du plan indien constituent des débouchés importants et conçus en vue d'un développement à long terme.
Quelques aspects de la notion d'espace en économie
Authors: Bertrand René
Published: July 2013

L'introduction de la notion d'espace dans l'analyse économique. L'espace est un obstacle aux relations entre sujets économiques, mais il permet en même temps de déterminer les dimensions des sujets et des objets de l'économie et sert de repère aux mouvements de ces derniers.

Le concept de marché, les divers types d'interdépendance, la nature de la solidarité dans l'espace.

Dans le temps, les pôles se déplacent, les réseaux se déforment et les aires s'étendent ou se rétrécissent. Double processus de concentration et de ramification.
Perspectives des dépenses d'habillement des français (1954 - 1965)
Authors: Goreux L.-M.
Published: July 2013

Cette étude vise deux objectifs : le premier est d'évaluer l'évolution probable des dépenses d'habillement des Français au cours des dix prochaines années. Ce problème est important car les dépenses d'habillement représentent environ 10 % des dépenses totales des ménages et 60 % des débouchés de l'industrie textile française.

Le second objectif de cette étude est d'exposer, sur un cas concret, une des méthodes d'analyse des tendances d'un marché de biens de grande consommation, à savoir l'exploitation des statistiques officielles. Une telle étude peut-être exécutée à peu de frais, elle peut constituer un cadre général à l'intérieur duquel viendraient s'inscrire des études plus spécifiques menées à des fins commerciales.

Pour émettre des perspectives sur l'évolution à venir des dépenses d'habillement des Français, il faut tout d'abord rechercher, à partir des observations faites dans le passé, quels sont les principaux facteurs affectant les dépenses d'habillement et si possible mesurer l'influence de ces facteurs. Cette recherche a été effectuée à partir des trois méthodes suivantes :

1° Comparaison de la structure des dépenses de différents individus à une même époque par exploitation d'enquêtes sur les dépenses des ménages ;

2° Comparaison des niveaux de dépenses moyennes entre des régions ou des pays différents ;

3° Évolution de la dépenses d'habillement dans le passé par l'étude des séries temporelles en France et à l'étranger.

Une confrontation systématique des résultats tirés de ces trois méthodes de recherche a permis d'obtenir un ordre de grandeur de l'influence probable des principaux facteurs susceptibles d'affecter les dépenses d'habillement des Français. En fonction de ces résultats et d'un corps d'hypothèses cohérent quant à l'évolution de l'économie française au cours des dix prochaines années, des perspectives ont été émises sur l'évolution des dépenses d'habillement des Français de 1954 à 1965.
Une image cynégétique et sportive pour le triomphe de Cypris (Hippolyte 1268-1271)
Authors: Visa Valérie
Published: July 2013

Dans le chant du Chœur qui célèbre la toute-puissance de Cypris, certains éditeurs ont reconnu, aux vers 1268-1271, des images de chasse et de domestication des animaux. Ces interprétations sont confirmées, en particulier, par l'étude lexicale de l'adjectif ἄκαμπτος qui se trouve dans ce passage. Mais l'analyse des emplois de ce même adjectif permet de faire de nouvelles suggestions : des images de course et de lutte se justifient également sur le plan lexical et dans le contexte d'une tragédie dont le héros, éminent chasseur et cavalier, se voit terrassé par la force inflexible de Cypris.
Théâtre et cités à l'époque hellénistique
Authors: Le Guen Brigitte
Published: July 2013

Il est de tradition de considérer que le théâtre grec, contemporain de la démocratie à Athènes, n'est à l'époque hellénistique qu'un pur divertissement. A la suite de la défaite athénienne devant les phalanges macédoniennes à Chéronée en 338 avant J.-C, le théâtre se limiterait à la reprise des pièces des grands auteurs dramatiques du Ve siècle, élevés au rang de «classiques», dès le début du ive siècle. La création, de piètre qualité, irait en dépérissant. L'examen minutieux des sources (documents épigraphiques notamment) permet de s'inscrire en faux contre de tels a priori. Le théâtre, même après avoir quitté la scène athénienne et le culte exclusif de Dionysos, reste un phénomène artistique, civique et religieux de première importance. L'époque hellénistique apparaît en effet comme le moment suprême de la diffusion de la culture théâtrale dans le nouvel espace créé par les conquêtes d'Alexandre le Grand, mais aussi de la diffusion par le théâtre — et ce tout au moins dans les vieilles cités du monde égéen des valeurs civiques, voire démocratiques, véhiculées à coup sûr par les œuvres des dramaturges du Ve siècle.
Le mythe de Bellérophon chez Pindare
Authors: Jouan François
Published: July 2013

The XIIIth Olympian provides an outstanding example of Pindar's skill in adapting the myth to the main theme of his epinicy, which is the praise of Corinth through the Olympian victor Xenophon, with the choice of a secondary but important event, with the story built upon legendary traditions and local cults and developed through successive short scenes and with the morality hinted at. The hero embodies the noblest aspects of Corinthian ideals and illustrates the mastery of this city in the art of horsemanship.
Differences in forest plant functional trait distributions across land‐use and productivity gradients
Authors: Mayfield Margaret M. , Dwyer John M. , Chalmandrier Loïc , Wells Jessie A. , Bonser Stephen P. , Catterall Carla P. , DeClerck Fabrice , Ding Yi , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. , Metcalfe Daniel J. , Queiroz Cibele , Vesk Peter A. , Morgan John W.
Published: July 2013

• Premise of study: Plant functional traits are commonly used as proxies for plant responses to environmental challenges, yet few studies have explored how functional trait distributions differ across gradients of land‐use change. By comparing trait distributions in intact forests with those across land‐use change gradients, we can improve our understanding of the ways land‐use change alters the diversity and functioning of plant communities.

• Methods: We examined how the variation and distribution of trait values for seven plant functional traits differ between reference natural forest and three types of land‐use conversion (pasture, old‐field, or “legacy” sites—regrowth following logging), landscape productivity (NPP) and vegetation strata (tree or non‐tree “understory”), in a meta‐analysis of studies from 15 landscapes across five continents.

• Key results: Although trait variation often differed between land‐uses within a landscape, these patterns were rarely consistent across landscapes. The variance and distribution of traits were more likely to differ consistently between natural forest and land‐use conversion categories for understory (non‐tree) plants than for trees. Landscape productivity did not significantly alter the difference in trait variance between natural forest and land‐use conversion categories for any trait except dispersal.

• Conclusions: Our results suggest that even for traits well linked to plant environmental response strategies, broad classes of land‐use change and landscape productivity are not generally useful indicators of the mechanisms driving compositional changes in human‐modified forest systems.
Plant response to a global greenhouse event 56 million years ago
Authors: Wing Scott L. , Currano Ellen D.
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: The fossil record provides information about the long‐term response of plants to CO2‐induced climate change. The Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a 200000‐yr‐long period of rapid carbon release and warming that occurred ∼56 million years ago, is analogous to future anthropogenic global warming.

• Methods: We collected plant macrofossils in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, United States, from a period spanning the PETM and studied changes in floristic composition. We also compiled and summarized published records of floristic change during the PETM.

• Key results: There was radical floristic change in the Bighorn Basin during the PETM reflecting local or regional extirpation of mesophytic plants, notably conifers, and colonization of the area by thermophilic and dry‐tolerant species, especially Fabaceae. This floristic change largely reversed itself as the PETM ended, though some immigrant species persisted and some Paleocene species never returned. Less detailed records from other parts of the world show regional variation in floristic response, but are mostly consistent with the Bighorn Basin trends.

• Conclusions: Despite geologically rapid extirpation, colonization, and recolonization, we detected little extinction during the PETM, suggesting the rate of climate change did not exceed the dispersal capacity of terrestrial plants. Extrapolating the response of plants from the PETM to future anthropogenic climate change likely underestimates risk because rates of climate change during the PETM may have been an order of magnitude slower than current rates of change and because the abundant, widespread species common as fossils are likely resistant to extinction.
Aspects psychologiques et sociaux de la rencontre amoureuse
Authors: Vasconcellos-Bernstein Doris
Published: July 2013

La rencontre amoureuse revêt une importance particulière pour l’être humain, car elle répond à des attentes profondément ancrées, conscientes et inconscientes, attentes qui la transforment en rite de passage, d’initiation à la vie de couple. Cet article propose d’explorer les voies énigmatiques du choix qui sous-tend la rencontre amoureuse et concrétise sa réalisation. Il faut envisager, d’abord, les données sociologiques relatives aux critères de choix amoureux, pour aborder, ensuite, quelques-uns des déterminants psychodynamiques qui permettent de comprendre ces données sociologiques, infléchissant ainsi, secrètement, ce que l’on croit être un choix amoureux conscient.
Les mobilisations discrètes des mouvements environnementalistes au Caire
Authors: Poisson Samuël
Published: July 2013

Loin des figures saillantes et médiatisées de la révolution égyptienne, les mobilisations ordinaires liées à l’environnement restent dans l’ombre. Cette ombre abrite des entrées en politiques plus discrètes, hésitantes, contradictoires, reflets de la complexité d’un monde devenu plus poreux.
Pouvoirs dans la ville et révoltes arabes en 2011
Authors: Droz-Vincent Philippe
Published: July 2013

Cet article étudie la place centrale de la ville dans les révoltes des sociétés de 2011 contre l’autoritarisme dans le monde arabe. La ville est le lieu où s’applique l’autoritarisme comme régime, et donc comme mode de gestion des rapports sociaux. La ville est aussi le lieu d’où partent les révoltes et où se recomposent les rapports Etats/sociétés.
Faudra-t-il brûler le sapin de Noël ? La laïcité dans l'espace scolaire
Authors: Sicard Frédérique
Published: July 2013

Les polémiques autour du foulard dit « islamique » ont réinterrogé une laïcité qui semblait jusque-là aller de soi. La loi de 2004 a pu, pour un temps, laisser croire que la question était définitivement close. Un sentiment quotidiennement démenti par les revendications ou pressions diffuses d’élèves sur leurs camarades, la remise en cause du traditionnel sapin de Noël, etc. Pourtant, aujourd’hui, faute de formation et d’un programme clair, l’École ne parvient pas à donner aux jeunes les repères identitaires et spirituels qui leur manquent.
Ramdam en Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique
Authors: Puyuelo Rémy , Roucoules Alain
Published: July 2013

Compte rendu d’une réunion institutionnelle animée par des intervenants extérieurs dans un Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique ( itep ) où il est question du fait religieux et de ses résonances individuelles, groupales et institutionnelles dans un moment particulier de la vie institutionnelle : le Ramadan. La laïcité en est un des enjeux, mais la situation se révèle plus complexe, en fait, dans la dynamique institutionnelle mettant à l’épreuve de multiples paramètres.
Laïcité et travail social : la tentation de l'oubli
Authors: Carrié Sébastien
Published: July 2013

Alors que la question laïque refait régulièrement surface dans le débat public, le secteur social et médicosocial semble la considérer comme secondaire, quand il ne l’ignore pas tout à fait. Pourquoi une telle distance avec un principe pourtant fondateur du vivre ensemble ? Existerait-il plus urgent pour assurer la pérennité et le sens de l’action sociale ? Et si l’idéologie gestionnaire était en train d’éteindre les feux de notre devise républicaine : liberté, égalité, fraternité ...? Heureusement, dans nos établissements, il est encore temps d’activer avec force et vigueur l’idéal laïque.
La laïcité : connaissance et engagement
Authors: Doron Jack
Published: July 2013

Il s’agit, dans ce texte, de s’extraire de l’actualité bavarde et bien-pensante pour comprendre les lignes de force et les fractures très anciennes qui vivent à l’intérieur du monde méditerranéen comme entre celui-ci et le monde occidental. Elles portent essentiellement sur la séparation entre le pouvoir politique et le pouvoir religieux qui a permis l’émergence de la notion de laïcité. Celle-ci se manifeste d’abord par un engagement pour la tolérance, qui au nom de ces valeurs peut devenir un combat contre toute forme de fanatisme religieux.
Appolos
Authors: Willy Paul
Published: July 2013

C’est l’histoire de vie d’un Ivoirien, confié dès son plus jeune âge à sa tante, puis chez un « notable blanc ». Il a connu ses heures de gloire (jeune, beau, frimeur, et tombeur de ces dames) et ses moments de déchéance, ruiné et rejeté par ses proches. Il a voulu échapper à son sort, errant du Ghana au Bénin, du Burkina Faso au Mali, avant de s’envoler pour la France où il se retrouve étranger au milieu des étrangers.
Origine et historique des séjours de rupture
Authors: Saint-Martin Carine
Published: July 2013

Les séjours de rupture, en tant que prise en charge éducative pour des adolescents en difficulté, interrogent tant les professionnels de terrain que les politiques et, récemment, quelques chercheurs. Quelle que soit leur origine, ces séjours ont en commun de vouloir proposer un ailleurs, de fonctionner différemment des prises en charge thérapeutiques classiques ou institutionnelles : le « faire avec » le jeune au quotidien. Ce texte propose de présenter un abrégé non exhaustif des origines anglo-saxonnes et françaises de ces séjours, des concepts à la pratique, des fondements au cadre réglementaire.
Transition to an Electronic Professional Nurse Portfolio: Part I
Authors: Smith Charlene M. , McDonald Katie
Published: July 2013

This column describes the background and purpose for a professional portfolio that showcases accomplishments supporting professional goals, scholarship, service, and competency in one’s professional nursing practice. Part II will review the benefits, options, and issues to consider when developing a professional portfolio online.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(7):291–292.
Arthroscopic Removal of Proximal Femoral Locking Screws: A Novel Application of Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Jensen Andrew , Kelly Ann Marie , Kelly John D.
Published: July 2013

The authors describe a novel application of hip arthroscopy. Symptomatic proximal locking screws can readily be removed via an arthroscope. Not only can the proximal screw be removed with much less morbidity than in previously described procedures, but the abductor mechanisms can also be evaluated for injury sustained during the index procedure. Furthermore, scarred or inflamed trochanteric bursal tissue may be resected during this arthroscopic approach.
Meta-analysis of Temporary Versus No Clamping in TKA
Authors: Huang ZeYu , Ma Jun , Pei FuXing , Yang Jing , Zhou ZongKe , Kang PengDe , Shen Bin
Published: July 2013

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Identify the available drainage systems used for patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

2.

Understand the potential strengths and limitations of temporary and no clamping drainage used in TKA.

3.

Become familiar with the available evidence regarding the advantages of temporary and no clamping drainage used in TKA.

4.

Understand the optimal time of temporary drainage clamping in association with TKA based on the available evidence.

Use of closed drainage systems after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a routine practice. Currently, a debate exists regarding whether temporary or no clamping is optimal. A systematic review of the English literature was conducted, and randomized controlled trials comparing all forms of temporary or no clamping drainage were included. Two authors independently extracted articles and predefined data. Data were pooled using a fixed-effects model to perform the meta-analysis. Nine randomized controlled trials totaling 850 patients were retrieved. The results indicate that temporary clamping could significantly reduce the drainage volume, including total drainage volume, drainage volume within 24 hours postoperatively, and drainage volume within 48 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, patients treated with temporary drainage clamping for 4 hours or more had a higher hemoglobin level 24 hours postoperatively than the patients treated with no clamping, and the number of blood transfusions per patient decreased significantly. No significant difference was identified between the 2 practices regarding postoperative range of motion, wound-related complications, and deep vein thrombosis. More randomized controlled trials are needed to provide robust evidence and to definitively determine which practice is most effective in reducing postoperative blood loss.
Femoral Neck Shortening After Internal Fixation of a Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Zielinski Stephanie M. , Keijsers Noël L. , Praet Stephan F.E. , Heetveld Martin J. , Bhandari Mohit , Wilssens Jean Pierre , Patka Peter , Van Lieshout Esther M.M. ,   on behalf of the FAITH Trial Investigators
Published: July 2013

This study assesses femoral neck shortening and its effect on gait pattern and muscle strength in patients with femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation. Seventy-six patients from a multicenter randomized controlled trial participated. Patient characteristics and Short Form 12 and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were collected. Femoral neck shortening, gait parameters, and maximum isometric forces of the hip muscles were measured and differences between the fractured and contralateral leg were calculated. Variables of patients with little or no shortening, moderate shortening, and severe shortening were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Median femoral neck shortening was 1.1 cm. Subtle changes in gait pattern, reduced gait velocity, and reduced abductor muscle strength were observed. Age, weight, and Pauwels classification were risk factors for femoral neck shortening. Femoral neck shortening decreased gait velocity and seemed to impair gait symmetry and physical functioning. In conclusion, internal fixation of femoral neck fractures results in permanent physical limitations. The relatively young and healthy patients in our study seem capable of compensating. Attention should be paid to femoral neck shortening and proper correction with a heel lift, as inadequate correction may cause physical complaints and influence outcome.