bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition to turbulence in the wide-gap spherical Couette system
Authors: Barik A. , Triana S.A. , Hoff M. , Wicht J.
Published: December 2024

The spherical Couette system consists of two differentially rotating concentric spheres with the space in between filled with fluid. We study a regime where the outer sphere is rotating rapidly enough so that the Coriolis force is important and the inner sphere is rotating either slower or in the opposite direction with respect to the outer sphere. We numerically study the sudden transition to turbulence at a critical differential rotation seen in experiments at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany, and investigate its cause. We find that the source of turbulence is the boundary layer on the inner sphere, which becomes centrifugally unstable. We show that this instability leads to generation of small-scale structures which lead to turbulence in the bulk, dominated by inertial waves, a change in the force balance near the inner boundary, the formation of a mean flow through Reynolds stresses and, consequently, to an efficient angular momentum transport. We compare our findings with axisymmetric simulations and show that there are significant similarities in the nature of the flow in the turbulent regimes of full three-dimensional and axisymmetric simulations but differences in the evolution of the instability that leads to this transition. We find that a heuristic argument based on a Reynolds number defined using the thickness of the boundary layer as a length scale helps explain the scaling law of the variation of critical differential rotation for transition to turbulence with rotation rate observed in the experiments.
Biogenic carbonate samples: Preliminary tests on chemical protocols for radiocarbon analysis
Authors: Oliveira M I , Carvalho C , Tremmel D , Silveira C , Brito A A , Oliveira F M , Moreira V N , Macario K , Bastos L , Moreira M , Lopes R T
Published: December 2024

Most of the carbonate samples have a basic well-defined pretreatment protocol for 14C-AMS dating, but particularities of specific organisms have to be treated with care. This is the case of stromatolite samples, in which carbonate is formed by biogenesis and also has a porous structure that could contain recent organic material as a contaminant. In this work, we analyzed the differences in the radiocarbon content by using organic matter removals before chemical treatment with HCl: sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) a 0.7M solution with pH ∼11, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) an 8.8M solution with pH ∼5. These treatments were chosen because they are the most used in stromatolite samples for geochemical analysis. To compare the impact of the organic matter removal treatments in stromatolite samples we also processed them as regular carbonate samples for radiocarbon analysis, with no organic matter removal (control samples). X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence have been used to obtain mineral and elemental characterization, respectively. H2O2 could not influence the results of Mg-calcite concentrate samples. The use of NaOCl appears to have been effective in preserving more material than H2O2 independent of the mineralogical composition of the stromatolite layers. The F14C results after HCl etching for Mg-calcite concentrated samples were similar to those without etching suggesting that the HCl etching does not impact the results in this case. The organic matter removal is more important than the etching procedure for stromatolite samples. NaOCl is more indicated to be used as chemical pretreatment for radiocarbon analysis purposes independent of the mineral matrix of samples.
A power structure over the Grothendieck ring of geometric dg categories
Authors: Gyenge Adam
Published: December 2024

We prove the existence of a power structure over the Grothendieck ring of geometric dg categories. We show that a conjecture by Galkin and Shinder (proved recently by Bergh, Gorchinskiy, Larsen and Lunts) relating the motivic and categorical zeta functions of varieties can be reformulated as a compatibility between the motivic and categorical power structures. Using our power structure, we show that the categorical zeta function of a geometric dg category can be expressed as a power with exponent the category itself. We give applications of our results for the generating series associated with Hilbert schemes of points, categorical Adams operations and series with exponent a linear algebraic group.
Impact of climate and traditional practice on quality of homemade dahi
Authors: Chandran Archana , Beena Athrayil Kalathil
Published: December 2024

This research communication aimed at assessing the microbial quality and preparation practices of dahi/thayir, a popular traditional fermented milk product, in households from two distinct agroecological zones in Kerala, India, namely the high-range and central midland, We highlighted the significant variations and potential food safety concerns associated with regional differences in production methods. The local climate significantly influenced the incubation temperature of dahi/thayir, thereby influencing the types of microflora involved in the fermentation process. Data on preparation practices and sensory preferences were collected from producers during the sampling process, covering 200 households. There were significant variations in preparation practices between the two regions, particularly concerning the type of container used, inoculation rate and incubation period. Samples from the high-range region exhibited significantly higher acidity and coliform count as well as yeast and mold count than the central midland region. The household fermentation of milk is often uncontrolled, causing increased acidity levels. This uncontrolled fermentation favored the growth of contaminants such as coliforms and yeast, posing a potential threat to food safety. This study underscores the importance of understanding microbial quality variations and preparation practices in dahi/thayir production, emphasizing the need for proper fermentation techniques and hygienic practices to ensure the safety and quality of this traditional fermented milk product.
Non‐Migrating Thermospheric Tides Shift and Deform the Solar Quiet Current Vortex Over Asia
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Sun Yang‐Yi , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Yisimayili Aisa , Mao Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

Variations in the Solar quiet (Sq) current are typically attributed to the changes in atmospheric tides. In this study, we analyzed the ground‐based observations of the geomagnetic field to investigate the morphology of the Sq current over Asia (from 130° to 70°E). The analysis shows that the Sq current vortex deforms into a tilted ellipse over East Asia as it moves northwestward, which is more complex than previously thought. We also estimated the current generated by the polarized electric field (JEp) in the E‐region from the non‐migrating tidal winds of TIMED/TIDI (TIMED Doppler Interferometer on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite). The estimation is a qualitative approximation based on the fundamental polarization concept. We used the Observing Procedure Experiment (OPE) to reconstruct the Sq current and to evaluate its deformation and movement deviating from the geomagnetic equator. The results show that JEp can contribute to the shift and deformation of the Sq current. The observation and estimation indicate that the ionospheric current system modulated by winds blowing nonuniformly causes complex variations in the E‐region dynamo over Asia. This study additionally attempts to simulate the Sq vortex from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. Similarities and differences between the simulation and the observation are also discussed.
Pre‐Existing Off‐Fault Damage Can Impede Coseismic On‐Fault Slip
Authors: Wu C. H. , Cui P. , Klinger Y. , Tan X. B. , Yi S. J. , Li Y. S.
Published: December 2024

Primarily due to the scarce direct field evidence along a same fault, understanding the relationship between the pre‐existing off‐fault damage and coseismic slip distribution remains challenging. This study offers the first field‐based quantitative assessments of fault damage zones along the surface rupture generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China over eight profiles with 254 outcrops. The width and mean tectonic fracture intensity of the damage zones exhibit pronounced variations along the fault strike. We introduce the damage index as a proxy to quantify the extent of pre‐existing damage. We find a statistically significant anti‐correlation between the damage index and coseismic on‐fault slip. We thus infer that pre‐existing off‐fault damage plays a significant role in dissipating rupture energy, thereby reducing coseismic on‐fault slip. This study provides a natural case for linking the long‐term fault zone evolution and the short‐term earthquake rupture dynamics.
Probing the Ionospheric Effects of the 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake: Leveraging GNSS Observations for Tsunami Early Warning in the Mediterranean
Authors: Fuso F. , Ravanelli M.
Published: December 2024

On 30 October 2020, a Mw 7.0 earthquake occurred in the eastern Aegean Sea area north of Samos island (Greece), causing tsunami waves up to 3 m. In this work, we analyze Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations to investigate the induced ionospheric perturbation in total electron content (TEC) estimates. We observe TEC variations (up to 0.3 TECU), linked to the propagation of the internal gravity waves (IGWs) caused by the small tsunami. Comparison between IGWs arrival times in the ionosphere and the tsunami wave arrival at tide gauges reveals that the optimal observation geometries of ionospheric TEC detected the tsunami's arrival before it reached Kos and Hraklreio coastlines. We show that TEC variations, though slight, can be used to complement existing tsunami early warning systems, particularly in the Mediterranean region where such phenomena are not deeply investigated. Integrating TEC data alongside traditional seismic sensors and sea level measurements can assure a more robust early warning system capable of detecting and mitigating the effects of also small but impactful tsunamis.
Possibility of Fluid Flow Characterization via a Geophysical Signal: Experimental Study on the Krauklis Wave Under Fluid Flow
Authors: Ray Sananda , Cao Haitao , Waite Gregory P. , Askari Roohollah
Published: December 2024

Krauklis waves are generated by pressure disturbances in fluid‐filled cavities and travel along the solid‐fluid interface. Their far‐field radiation, observed in seismic data from volcanoes or hydraulic fracturing, is known as long‐period events. Characterized by low velocity and resonance, Krauklis waves help estimate fracture size and discern fluids in saturated fractures. Despite numerous theoretical models analyzing Krauklis waves, the existing paradigms are founded on static flow conditions. However, in geological contexts, the assumption of static flow may not be valid. We developed an experimental apparatus using a tri‐layer model consisting of a pair of aluminum plates to examine the effect of fluid flow on Krauklis waves. We employed an infusion syringe pump to inject fluids into the fracture under different flow rates. We used water, oil, and an aqueous solution of Polyethylene glycol as fracture fluids. We calculated resonant frequency, phase velocity, and quality factor to characterize the Krauklis waves. Our findings reveal that an increase in flow rate leads to a higher phase velocity, higher quality factor, and a shift to higher resonant frequency when the flow is in the direction of initial wave propagation while decreasing amplitude. Additionally, when the flow is in the opposite direction of initial wave propagation, we note higher wave absorption and distortion of the Krauklis waves. Our observations unequivocally affirm that fluid flow leaves strong signatures on the Krauklis waves, providing a robust basis for characterizing fluid dynamics within geological settings through the analysis of Krauklis wave.
Blood pressure measurement technique in clinical practice in the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
Authors: Setjiadi Dellaneira , Geddes Colin , Delles Christian
Published: December 2024

Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a common procedure conducted in various disciplines and is widely available on clinical reports. The diagnosis and management of hypertension require reliable measurement of BP in outpatient clinics. Published studies suggest the standardised method for BP measurement is difficult to apply in routine clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the current practice of BP measurement in outpatient clinics in relevant secondary care clinical specialties across the 15 separate hospital sites of the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde region (population 1.2 million) compared to the recommended standardised method. An online questionnaire was developed and disseminated to the supervising clinician of each of 268 regular outpatient clinics. The questionnaire focused on the standardised BP method (patient preparation, environment, and BP measurement technique). The questionnaire was returned for 110 clinics. 73 (66.4%) of the participating clinics measure BP routinely and these formed the basis for further analysis. 3 clinics (4.1%) apply all components of the standardised BP method. 5 (6.9%) clinics deliver advice to patients prior to clinic attendance on how to prepare for BP measurement. 61 (83.6%) of participating clinics have a dedicated quiet environment for BP measurement. 50 (68.5%) clinics always place the cuff on bare upper arm and 63.0% use a cuff size appropriate to upper arm circumference. In a wide range of secondary care out-patient clinic settings, we found that BP measurement rarely adheres to the recommended standards. This has important implications for the quality of treatment decisions that are based on BP measurement.
Acute kidney injury associated with increased costs in the neonatal intensive care unit: analysis of Pediatric Health Information System database
Authors: Steflik Heidi J. , Selewski David T. , Corrigan Corinne , Brinton Daniel L.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Compare neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization costs between neonates with and without AKI; identify predictors of AKI-associated costs. We hypothesized neonates with AKI would amass more costs than those without AKI.

Study design

Retrospective, multicenter cohort study of surviving neonates cared for 2015–2021 in Pediatric Health Information System database. The primary outcome was estimated hospitalization costs.

Results

Data from 304,725 neonates were evaluated, 8774 (3%) with AKI and 295,951 (97%) without AKI. Neonates with AKI had $58,807 greater adjusted costs than those without AKI. AKI-associated costs were most strongly driven by Feudtner Pediatric Complex Chronic Conditions Classifications (cardiovascaular, congenital/genetic, gastrointestinal, medical technology) and gestational age. Adjusted costs decreased with increasing gestational age, regardless of AKI status.

Conclusions

AKI is independently associated with increased hospital costs. Knowledge of these drivers can help in identifying high-value practices for cost mitigation strategies.
Facile and versatile PDMS-glass capillary double emulsion formation device coupled with rapid purification toward microfluidic giant liposome generation
Authors: Bakouei Mostafa , Kalantarifard Ali , Sundara Raju Indraja , Avsievich Tatiana , Rannaste Lauri , Kreivi Marjut , Elbuken Caglar
Published: December 2024

The exceptional ability of liposomes to mimic a cellular lipid membrane makes them invaluable tools in biomembrane studies and bottom-up synthetic biology. Microfluidics provides a promising toolkit for creating giant liposomes in a controlled manner. Nevertheless, challenges associated with the microfluidic formation of double emulsions, as precursors to giant liposomes, limit the full exploration of this potential. In this study, we propose a PDMS-glass capillary hybrid device as a facile and versatile tool for the formation of double emulsions which not only eliminates the need for selective surface treatment, a well-known problem with PDMS formation chips, but also provides fabrication simplicity and reusability compared to the glass-capillary formation chips. These advantages make the presented device a versatile tool for forming double emulsions with varying sizes (spanning two orders of magnitude in diameter), shell thickness, number of compartments, and choice of solvents. We achieved robust thin shell double emulsion formation by operating the hybrid chip in double dripping mode without performing hydrophilic/phobic treatment a priori. In addition, as an alternative to the conventional, time-consuming density-based separation method, a tandem separation chip is developed to deliver double emulsions free of any oil droplet contamination in a continuous and rapid manner without any need for operator handling. The applicability of the device was demonstrated by forming giant liposomes using the solvent extraction method. This easy-to-replicate, flexible, and reliable microfluidic platform for the formation and separation of double emulsion templates paves the way for the high-throughput microfluidic generation of giant liposomes and synthetic cells, opening exciting avenues for biomimetic research.
Experience of urologists, oncologists and nurse practitioners with mainstream genetic testing in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Vlaming Michiel , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. L. M. , Schijven Gina , van Melick Harm H. E. , Noordzij M. Arjen , Somford Diederik M. , van der Poel Henk G. , Wijburg Carl J. , Wijsman Bart P. , Hoekstra Robert J. , van Moorselaar Reindert J. A. , van Bezooijen Bart P. J. , Meijer Richard P. , Busstra Martijn B. , van den Berg H. Pieter , Robbrecht Debbie G. J. , Doornweerd Benjamin H. J. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. , van Oort Inge M.
Published: December 2024

Background

International guidelines recommend germline genetic testing for men with metastatic prostate cancer. If offered to all patients by genetic healthcare professionals, there will be insufficient capacity to cope with the high patient numbers. In a mainstreaming pathway, non-genetic healthcare professionals (ngHCPs) discuss and order germline genetic testing instead of referring patients to genetic healthcare professionals. We aimed to evaluate the experience of ngHCPs with pre-test genetic counselling and to explore the feasibility from the ngHCPs’ perspective.

Methods

We carried out a prospective cohort study in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. All participating ngHCPs (i.e. urologists, medical oncologists, specialist nurses and nurse practitioners) completed an online training module of 45 min. The ngHCPs completed a questionnaire both before the training and at three and nine months after it. Paired analyses were used to compare the first with the last questionnaires on attitude, confidence in the ability to discuss and order germline genetic testing, and perceived and actual knowledge of genetics and genetic testing.

Results

167 ngHCPs were invited to participate of whom 69 completed the first questionnaire and started or completed the last one. They had a positive attitude towards offering genetic testing themselves. After nine months of providing pre-test genetic counselling, significantly more ngHCPs considered mainstreaming helpful (94% after versus 81% before, p = 0.01). Both perceived and actual knowledge increased significantly. Pre-test genetic counselling took less than 10 minutes for 82% of ngHCPs and the majority (88%) were in favour of continuing the mainstream pathway. Only six participating ngHCPs considered mainstreaming possible without completing a training module beforehand.

Conclusions

After completing a short online training module, ngHCPs feel well-prepared to discuss germline genetic testing with metastatic prostate cancer patients.
Novel variants impairing Sp1 transcription factor binding in the COL7A1 promoter cause mild cases of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Pironon Nathalie , Gasparyan Artyom , Yubero María Joao , Duchatelet Sabine , Hovhannesyan Kristina , Leclerc-Mercier Stephanie , Kostandyan Natella , Palisson Francis , Sarkisian Tamara , Titeux Matthias , Fuentes Ignacia , Hovnanian Alain
Published: December 2024

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare and most often severe genodermatosis characterized by recurrent blistering and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes after minor trauma, leading to major local and systemic complications. RDEB is caused by loss-of-function mutations in COL7A1 encoding type VII collagen (C7), the main component of anchoring fibrils which form attachment structures stabilizing the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Most of the previously reported COL7A1 mutations are located in the coding or intronic regions. We describe 6 patients with localized or intermediate RDEB for whom one recessive pathogenic variant in the coding region and a second variant in the COL7A1 promoter were identified. These substitutions, three of which are novel, are localized in two Sp1 binding sites of the promoter region. DNA pull-down assay showed a drastic reduction of Sp1 binding consistent with a dramatic decrease in COL7A1 transcript and almost undetectable C7 protein levels. Our results reveal that mutations in the COL7A1 promoter on the background of a null allele can underlie localized or intermediate RDEB. They further emphasize the functional importance of Sp1 motifs in the proximal COL7A1 promoter which should be carefully investigated for regulatory mutations in the case of RDEB with only one pathogenic variant identified in the coding or intronic regions.
Edridge Green Lecture 2022—demystifying clinical trials and regulatory approvals in drug development
Authors: Chong Victor
Published: December 2024

This article provides a comprehensive overview of clinical trial design and regulatory pathways essential for drug development, specifically in the context of retinal diseases. Key concepts include trial structure, efficacy and safety endpoints, and regulatory expectations from agencies like the FDA. It delves into recent regulatory advancements, such as the inclusion of low-luminance vision as a secondary endpoint and analyses case studies from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) trials. Approvals for key retinal drugs, such as ranibizumab and aflibercept, treatments for AMD and diabetic macular oedema, are discussed highlighting criteria like the 15-letter gain/loss in visual acuity as approvable/clinical meaningful efficacy endpoints. Insights into geographic atrophy (GA) and diabetic retinopathy trials showcase the evolving landscape, where anatomical endpoints and new drugs bring fresh challenges and opportunities. It also emphasizes the importance of academic-industry collaboration, citing instances of gene therapy development and innovative endpoint measures like the Multi-Luminance Mobility Test for retinal dystrophies. The overarching aim of this lecture was to demystify the process that spans the design of clinical trials to regulatory approval of drugs so that clinicians understand these complexities. In particular, it is important to understand the reasons behind selection of trial design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary efficacy endpoints and safety endpoints. Since this lecture, there have been important changes in this field including new guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as lessons learnt from recent drug approvals that are included in this manuscript.
Spatial analysis of femtosecond laser generated plasma using principal component analysis
Authors: Grant-Jacob James A. , Zervas Michalis N. , Mills Ben
Published: December 2024

The appearance of plasma generated during femtosecond laser machining depends strongly on the features present on the sample before machining occurs. However, the complexity of femtosecond light-matter interaction means that development of a theoretical understanding of plasma generation is challenging. In this work, principal component analysis is applied to experimental images of plasma generated during femtosecond laser machining of silicon to calculate the orthogonal spatial patterns of the plasma variance (plasma modes), and to identify which sample variance (sample modes) are associated with these plasma modes. The results demonstrate the potential of principal component analysis for data-driven scientific discovery in the field of femtosecond light-matter interactions.
Predicting future fallers in Parkinson’s disease using kinematic data over a period of 5 years
Authors: Sotirakis Charalampos , Brzezicki Maksymilian A. , Patel Salil , Conway Niall , FitzGerald James J. , Antoniades Chrystalina A.
Published: December 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) increases fall risk, leading to injuries and reduced quality of life. Accurate fall risk assessment is crucial for effective care planning. Traditional assessments are subjective and time-consuming, while recent assessment methods based on wearable sensors have been limited to 1-year follow-ups. This study investigated whether a short sensor-based assessment could predict falls over up to 5 years. Data from 104 people with PD without prior falls were collected using six wearable sensors during a 2-min walk and a 30-s postural sway task. Five machine learning classifiers analysed the data. The Random Forest classifier performed best, achieving 78% accuracy (AUC = 0.85) at 60 months. Most models showed excellent performance at 24 months (AUC > 0.90, accuracy 84–92%). Walking and postural variability measures were key predictors. Adding clinicodemographic data, particularly age, improved model performance. Wearable sensors combined with machine learning can effectively predict fall risk, enhancing PD management and prevention strategies.
AI-enabled wearable cameras for assisting dietary assessment in African populations
Authors: Lo Frank P.-W. , Qiu Jianing , Jobarteh Modou L. , Sun Yingnan , Wang Zeyu , Jiang Shuo , Baranowski Tom , Anderson Alex K. , McCrory Megan A. , Sazonov Edward , Jia Wenyan , Sun Mingui , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda , Frost Gary , Lo Benny
Published: December 2024

We have developed a population-level method for dietary assessment using low-cost wearable cameras. Our approach, EgoDiet, employs an egocentric vision-based pipeline to learn portion sizes, addressing the shortcomings of traditional self-reported dietary methods. To evaluate the functionality of this method, field studies were conducted in London (Study A) and Ghana (Study B) among populations of Ghanaian and Kenyan origin. In Study A, EgoDiet’s estimations were contrasted with dietitians’ assessments, revealing a performance with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 31.9% for portion size estimation, compared to 40.1% for estimates made by dietitians. We further evaluated our approach in Study B, comparing its performance to the traditional 24-Hour Dietary Recall (24HR). Our approach demonstrated a MAPE of 28.0%, showing a reduction in error when contrasted with the 24HR, which exhibited a MAPE of 32.5%. This improvement highlights the potential of using passive camera technology to serve as an alternative to the traditional dietary assessment methods.
Dynamic pre-structuration of lipid nanodomain-segregating remorin proteins
Authors: Xu Zeren , Schahl Adrien , Jolivet Marie-Dominique , Legrand Anthony , Grélard Axelle , Berbon Mélanie , Morvan Estelle , Lagardere Louis , Piquemal Jean-Philip , Loquet Antoine , Germain Véronique , Chavent Matthieu , Mongrand Sébastien , Habenstein Birgit
Published: December 2024

Remorins are multifunctional proteins, regulating immunity, development and symbiosis in plants. When associating to the membrane, remorins sequester specific lipids into functional membrane nanodomains. The multigenic protein family contains six groups, classified upon their protein-domain composition. Membrane targeting of remorins occurs independently from the secretory pathway. Instead, they are directed into different nanodomains depending on their phylogenetic group. All family members contain a C-terminal membrane anchor and a homo-oligomerization domain, flanked by an intrinsically disordered region of variable length at the N-terminal end. We here combined molecular imaging, NMR spectroscopy, protein structure calculations and advanced molecular dynamics simulation to unveil a stable pre-structuration of coiled-coil dimers as nanodomain-targeting units, containing a tunable fuzzy coat and a bar code-like positive surface charge before membrane association. Our data suggest that remorins fold in the cytosol with the N-terminal disordered region as a structural ensemble around a dimeric anti-parallel coiled-coil core containing a symmetric interface motif reminiscent of a hydrophobic Leucine zipper. The domain geometry, the charge distribution in the coiled-coil remorins and the differences in structures and dynamics between C-terminal lipid anchors of the remorin groups provide a selective platform for phospholipid binding when encountering the membrane surface.
Community detection and anomaly prediction in dynamic networks
Authors: Safdari Hadiseh , De Bacco Caterina
Published: December 2024

Anomaly detection is an essential task in the analysis of dynamic networks, offering early warnings of abnormal behavior. We present a principled approach to detect anomalies in dynamic networks that integrates community structure as a foundational model for regular behavior. Our model identifies anomalies as irregular edges while capturing structural changes. Our approach leverages a Markovian framework for temporal transitions and latent variables for community and anomaly detection, inferring hidden parameters to detect unusual interactions. Evaluations on synthetic and real-world datasets show strong anomaly detection across various scenarios. In a case study on professional football player transfers, we detect patterns influenced by club wealth and country, as well as unexpected transactions both within and across community boundaries. This work provides a framework for adaptable anomaly detection, highlighting the value of integrating domain knowledge with data-driven techniques for improved interpretability and robustness in complex networks.
A highly sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for determining 15 designer LSD analogs in biological samples with application to stability studies
Authors: Wachełko Olga , Nowak Karolina , Tusiewicz Kaja , Zawadzki Marcin , Szpot Paweł
Published: December 2024

The rise of “designer psychedelics” in illicit markets has increased recreational use. A novel UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for ultra-sensitive determination of 15 LSD analogs in biological samples, allowing simultaneous isomer separation.
Expression of concern: Diamond nanowires modified with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] for the immobilization of histidine-tagged peptides
Authors: Subramanian Palaniappan , Mazurenko Ievgen , Zaitsev Vladimir , Coffinier Yannick , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Diamond nanowires modified with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] for the immobilization of histidine-tagged peptides’ by Palaniappan Subramanian et al., Analyst, 2014, 139, 4343–4349, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AN00146J.
Controllable multivalent LYTACs enhance targeted protein degradation
Authors: Lv Yuheng , Li Yicun , Fu Qin , Shi Peng
Published: December 2024

We present a DNA-based LYTAC framework that uses DNA self-assembly to control chimera valency and ligand arrangement. Designing 1-, 3-, and 9-valent chimeras showed that higher binding valency improved protein degradation efficiency.
Machine learning for a sustainable energy future
Authors: Oral Burcu , Coşgun Ahmet , Kilic Aysegul , Eroglu Damla , Günay M. Erdem , Yıldırım Ramazan
Published: December 2024

In this review, the potential role of machine learning in sustainable energy and SGDs is analyzed; energy forecasting, planning, renewable energy production and storage are covered and an extensive perspective on the future role of ML is provided.
A superoleophilic free-standing three-dimensional covalent organic framework membrane for water–oil flush demulsification
Authors: Puthukkudi Adithyan , Behera Dipansu D. , Anwar Sharmistha , Biswal Bishnu P.
Published: December 2024

A free-standing three-dimensional covalent organic framework membrane has been fabricated. The interfacially grown naphthalene cored 3D-COFM offers excellent gravity-based continuous demulsification efficiency compared to the phenyl cored-congener.
A cost-effective Ca-doped Li2ZrCl6 halide solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Liu Xingkun , Mi Fanghui , Sun Chunwen
Published: December 2024

The ASSBs of Ca2+-substituted LZC electrolyte exhibit excellent discharge capacity and cycling performance with 4 V-class cathode materials.
Narrowing and blue-shifting photoluminescence of carbon dots by enhancing sp3-C hybridization using a microreactor
Authors: Zhou Zuxu , Jiang Kai , Cheng Zihan , Jiang Jun , Li Fengshi , Wu Yongjian , Lin Hengwei
Published: December 2024

We present a novel method to enhance the sp3-C hybridization degree of carbon dots (CDs) to narrow and blue-shift their photoluminescence into the UV region, enabling the synthesis of narrow-band UV emissive CDs from readily available raw materials.
Accelerated interfacial hole transfer over Au/TiO2 photocatalysts for highly efficient oxidative coupling of methane
Authors: Zhu Shihua , Wang Yachao , Wang Yu , Wei Yaxiong , Zhao Guofeng , Fu Cong
Published: December 2024

The accelerated interfacial hole transfer process over Au/TiO2 photocatalysts facilitates a highly efficient oxidative coupling of methane, achieving a C2 hydrocarbon production rate of 3.3 mmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of up to 97%.
Several energetic MOFs based on the N-rich energetic materials and alkali metals: towards high detonation performances and good stabilities
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Hao Xue , Zou Yongbin , Liu Shichang , Wei Junjie , Dong Zhen , Ye Zhiwen
Published: December 2024

This study involves the design and synthesis of a series of novel E-MOFs derived from the N-rich energetic material ATDT and various alkali metals, ranging from ATDT-Li to ATDT-Cs.
Superior conductive 1D and 2D network structured carbon-coated Ni-rich Li1.05Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2 as high-ion-diffusion cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Na Sungmin , Park Junwoo , An Hyunjin , Lee Seonhwa , Yu Byongyong , Park Kwangjin
Published: December 2024

The role of 1D and 2D network structure on the surface of the Ni-rich NCM.
Phosphorus-based heterojunction tunnel field-effect transistors: from atomic insights to circuit renovations
Authors: Khodabakhsh Amir , Amini Amir , Afzal Arman
Published: December 2024

Dopingless heterojunction TFET uses phosphorus-based materials achieving high ON current, ultra-low leakage, steep subthreshold slope, and improved ambipolarity. Hybrid simulations address TFET challenges, enabling high-speed, low-power electronics.
A theoretical and experimental study of phase formation in Ti–CuO powder mixtures under reactive sintering conditions
Authors: V. S. Safronova , A. G. Knyazeva , E. N. Korosteleva
Published: December 2024

A thermokinetic model of composite synthesis from Ti and CuO powders is suggested. The numerical modeling leads to nonequilibrium composition of the product that qualitatively agrees with the experimental data.
Comprehensive optimization study for the methanolysis of Linum usitatissimum oil using response surface methodology and artificial neural network
Authors: Rashid Umer , Ur Rehman Hafeez , Mustafa Muhammad Raza Ul , Hazmi Balkis , Khurshid Hifsa , Ahmad Junaid , Yu Jianglong
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the methanolysis of Linum usitatissimum oil using a homogeneous catalyst.
Halogen engineering tuned band gap and structural phase transition in lead iodide hybrid perovskite semiconductors
Authors: Hu Hui-Yi , Xu Ya-Xin , Yuan Shu-Ting , Ma Jing-Yang , Xia Guang , Shi Shu-Ting , Zhou Zi-Xiong , Yuan Jin-Bin , Yu Li-De
Published: December 2024

Halogens regulated the structural phase transition and band gap in a lead-based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite semiconductor. This study reveals the advantages of halogen substitution to explore hybrid perovskite functional molecular materials.
Fe-doped NiO nanostructure-based gas sensor for selective detection of triethylamine and xylene
Authors: Zhao Qi , Yang Siqi , Liu Zihan , You Yuan , Wang Dongxue
Published: December 2024

The real-time detection of noxious gases such as triethylamine (TEA) and xylene is important for human and environmental safety.
Fabrication of porous LaFe1−xCoxO3–MWCNT composites and their applications in supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Yu , Gong Weifeng , Zhou Yao , Tang Tongtong , Liu Wenjie , Yao Chao , Zuo ShiXiang , Li Xiazhang
Published: December 2024

This study synthesized LaFeO3 perovskite oxide with different cobalt doping ratios using the sol–gel method, followed by in situ hydrothermal treatment.
Novel antimony-based mixed halides exhibiting an excellent SHG response and a broad transmission range
Authors: Wang Luli , Luo Han , Chen Siyu , Huang Ling , Cao Liling , Dong Xuehua , Zou Guohong
Published: December 2024

Two novel antimony halide crystals RbSbF3Cl and Rb3Sb4F14Cl were synthesized. Rb3Sb4F14Cl exhibits a strong SHG response of 3 × KDP and a broad transparency range of 0.27–13.3 μm, while RbSbF3Cl features a large birefringence of 0.31 at 546 nm.
Visible-light-induced radical C(sp3)–S coupling for the synthesis of cyanoalkyl thioethers
Authors: Zhu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Xiao-Wen , Zhang Dong-Liang , Huang Xiao-Long , Xu Qian-Qian , Xie Zong-Bo , Le Zhang-Gao
Published: December 2024

Visible-light-induced selective radical C(sp3)–S coupling between thiophenols and cycloketone oxime esters through a transiently assembled chromophore was realized.
Application of rare earth elements in dual-modality molecular probes
Authors: He Jie-Fang , Yang Wen-Wen , Quan Wen-Xuan , Yang Yue-Chun , Zhang Zhengwei , Luo Qing-Ying
Published: December 2024

Properties of REEs, including prolonged fluorescence lifetimes, large Stokes shifts and strong resistance to photobleaching, enhance the diagnostic capabilities of dual-modality molecular probes based on MRI. These applications encompass combinations with optical imaging, PET, CT and ultrasound.
Manganese salophen covalently anchored to amino-functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective epoxidation
Authors: Hajian Robabeh , Mousavi Narjes Sadat
Published: December 2024

Epoxidation of olefins catalyzed by manganese(iii) salophen (MnSalop) immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (GO·NH2) has been reported.
Mechanical and electrical changes in electrochemically active polyimide binders for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Huey Zoey , Quinn Joseph , Rodrigues Marco-T. F. , Rajendran Sathish , Wang Chongmin , DeCaluwe Steven , Jiang Chun-Sheng
Published: December 2024

A study on polyimide binder for Li ion batteries, showing active lithiation/delithiation with first cycle capacity loss, formation of dendrite-like morphology, elastic modulus increase, and overall electronic resistivity increase during lithiation.
A MnNi-heterometallic perovskite hydroxide (pre)catalyst for electrochemical alcohol oxidation: insight into the active phase
Authors: Mondal Anisha , Chandra Shit Subhash , Mondal Indranil
Published: December 2024

At deep anodic potential under alkaline conditions, (pre)catalysts undergo dynamic transformations that irreversibly produce hydrated oxides.
PEGylation of indium phosphide quantum dots prevents quantum dot mediated platelet activation
Authors: Naylor-Adamson Leigh , Price Thomas W. , Booth Zoe , Leonard Sophie V. L. , Gallo Juan , Tung Le Duc , Harvell-Smith Stanley , Thi Kim Thanh Nguyen , Aslam Zabeada , Allsup David , Hondow Nicole , Chamberlain Thomas , Schneider Jürgen E. , Naseem Khalid , Bouillard Jean-Sebastien G. , Stasiuk Graeme J. , Calaminus Simon D. J.
Published: December 2024

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting inorganic nanocrystals, that have garnered interest in biological and medical spheres, due to their potential benefits in biomedical imaging and drug-delivery systems.
Multiple aptamer recognition-based quantum dot lateral flow platform: ultrasensitive point-of-care testing of respiratory infectious diseases
Authors: Li Hengxuan , Fu Xiaoyi , You Qimin , Shi Dawei , Su Lingxuan , Song Minghui , Peng Ruizi , Fu Ting , Wang Peng , Tan Weihong
Published: December 2024

A POCT platform was constructed by combining multiple aptamer recognition with QD fluorescence technology for ultrasensitive detection of respiratory infectious diseases.
Expression of concern: Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles: a multifunctional material for photothermal therapy of cancer cells
Authors: Darabdhara Gitashree , Das Manash R. , Turcheniuk Volodymyr , Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Zaitsev Vladimir , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles: a multifunctional material for photothermal therapy of cancer cells’ by Gitashree Darabdhara et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 8366–8374, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB01704A.
Utilizing Augmentative and Alternative Communication and a Mixed Therapy Approach to Address the Complex Communication Needs for a Patient With Cleft Palate, Velopharyngeal Insufficiency, Spina Bifida, and 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Alvarez-Montoya Elizabeth , Philp Jennifer , Cordero Kelly Nett , Grames Lynn Marty , Brown Mark N. , Jessica L. Chee-Williams
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to describe the use of a mixed therapy approach—including enhanced milieu teaching with phonological emphasis (EMT + PE), implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), and articulatory shaping (AS)—to support language and articulation skills for a patient with complex communication needs.

Method:

This case study presents the speech therapy treatment plan over a 3-year period for a patient with a history of unilateral cleft lip and palate, velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), spina bifida meningomyelocele, and 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.

Results:

At 16 months old, the patient was using one consonant phoneme and one spontaneous word. EMT + PE was utilized during the early intervention period to address language skills. At 35 months old, he was attempting three consonant phonemes and had nine spontaneous words in his expressive vocabulary. Due to limited progress with traditional language therapy alone, an AAC device was introduced to increase his participation with communication partners while continuing to work on verbal language skills using EMT + PE. At 4 years old, compensatory articulation errors became evident, and symptoms of VPI were observed. AS began to be utilized in therapy, in addition to EMT + PE and his AAC device, to expand his phonetic inventory in preparation for future VPI management.

Conclusions:

Patients with cleft palate and other comorbidities may present with complex communication needs. Individuals with a similar communication profile to the patient described in this case study may benefit from a mixed therapy approach that includes EMT, AAC, and AS to maximize language and articulation progress and enable participation with communication partners.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Membrane‐Derived Composite System for Enhancing the Tumor Treatment Efficacy of Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles
Authors: Tong Ying , Gao Meng , Luo Yingli
Published: December 2024

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) membrane‐coated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an innovative approach to enhance the uptake and therapeutic efficacy of copper‐based MOFs (Cu‐MOFs) in tumor cells. By leveraging the natural homing abilities and biocompatibility of MSC membranes, Cu‐MOFs can be effectively targeted to tumor sites, promoting increased cellular uptake. This coating not only facilitates superior internalization by cancer cells but also augments the therapeutic outcomes due to the enhanced delivery of copper ions. In vitro studies demonstrate that MSC membrane‐coated Cu‐MOFs (MSC‐Cu‐MOFs) significantly improve the cytotoxic effects on tumor cells compared to uncoated Cu‐MOFs. This novel strategy presents a promising avenue for advancing the precision and effectiveness of cancer treatment modalities, showcasing potential for clinical applications in oncology.
Low‐head pumped hydro storage: An evaluation of energy balancing and frequency support
Authors: Hoffstaedt Justus Peter , Truijen Daan , Jarquin Laguna Antonio , De Kooning Jeroen , Stockman Kurt , Fahlbeck Jonathan , Nilsson Hakan
Published: December 2024

Large‐scale energy storage solutions are crucial to ensure grid stability and reliability in the ongoing energy transition towards a low‐carbon, renewable energy based electricity supply. This article presents the evaluation of a novel low‐head pumped hydro storage system designed for coastal environments and shallow seas. The proposed system addresses some of the challenges of low‐head pumped hydro storage including the need for larger flow rates and reservoirs as well as the requirement of machinery with high efficiencies across a wide operating range to accommodate larger changes in gross head during storage cycles. It includes several units of contra‐rotating reversible pump‐turbines connected to axial‐flux motor generators within a ring dike, as well as dedicated machine‐ and grid‐side control. The technology allows for independent control of each runner, making it possible to adapt to the specific operating conditions of low‐head systems. In this work, a numerical approach is used to simulate the system's performance and dynamic behaviour under various operational conditions, including energy generation, storage, and grid support of a 1 GW system with 4 GWh of storage capacity. The potential system performance for energy balancing cycles is evaluated, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the influence of scaling the motor‐generators on performance and footprint of the plant. Additionally, the capability and limitations of the system to respond to grid demand fluctuations and provide frequency regulation services are assessed. The results demonstrate that the low‐head pumped hydro storage system is a viable large‐scale energy storage solution, capable of round‐trip efficiencies above 70% across a wide operating range. By increasing the maximum power of the electric machines, the maximum head range of the whole system is increased which correlates with a threefold increase in energy density per unit area. The dynamic simulations further show that the system can rapidly change its power output allowing it to provide frequency regulation services. Allocating 20% of its nominal power as a reserve, the new power setpoints can be reached within a maximum of 5 s independent of its initial state of charge.