bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN TEORI IDENTIFIKASI DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI PADA TINDAK PIDANA PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Butarbutar Lamhot Erik , Widijowati Rr. Dijan , Makbul Agung
Published: October 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui ketentuan tentang perlindungan konsumen dan hak hak konsumen serta ketentuan pidana bagi korporasi dalam undang undang perlindungan konsumen dan mengalisis peran teori identifikasi dalam pertanggungjawaban korporasi pada tindak pidana perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen telah mengatur secara tegas mengenai bentuk bentuk perlindungan konsumen dan hak hak konsumen, dan juga diatur mengenai ketentuan pidana bagi korporasi yang melakukan pelanggaran atas ketentuan undang undang ini sebagaimana dalam Pasal 61 dan Pasal 62 Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, dan penuntutan terhadap korporasi dalam terjadinya tindak pidana perlindungan konsumen dapat dilakukan apabila penuntut umum dapat mengidentifikasi bahwa yang melakukan perbuatan pidana adalah pengurus yang merupakan personil pengendali dari korporasi tersebut dan perbuatan tersebut termasuk dalam lingkup dan maksud tujuan korporasi.

The purpose of this study is to determine the provisions on consumer protection and consumer rights as well as criminal provisions for corporation in the consumer protection law and also to analyze the role of identification theory in corporate responsibility for consumer protection crimes. This study uses a normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the results of this study, it is known that Law Number 8 year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection has explicitly regulated the forms of consumer protection and consumer rights, and also stated the criminal provisions for corporations that violate the provisions of this law as in Article 61 and Article 62 of Law Number 8 year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, and prosecution of corporations in the occurrence of consumer protection crimes can be carried out if the prosecutor can identify that the person committing the criminal act is the management who have authorization to control the corporation and the act is included in the scope of company business purposes.
TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS TERHADAP PEMBATALAN AKTA HIBAH YANG DIBUAT TANPA PERSETUJUAN AHLI WARIS
Authors: Olanda Olivia Maudira , Nurdin Aad Rusyad
Published: October 2022

Tujuan studi ini untuk mengkaji tanggung jawab notaris atas pembatalan akta hibah tanpa persetujuan ahli waris yang dibuat olehnya. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan komparatif. Hasil studi dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keabsahan dari akta hibah yang tidak disetujui oleh ahli waris adalah tidak sah dan notaris yang membuat akta hibah tanpa persetujuan ahli waris dapat dikenai sanksi administratif maupun perdata apabila terjadi kerugian bagi para pihak

The purpose of this study is to analize the notary’s responsibility fot the cancelation of the grant deed without the approval of the heirs. This study uses legal normative research method with statutory and comparative approach. The result of this study indicate that the validity of grant deed that doesn’t have approval from the heirs is not valid and the notary who makes grant deed without approval from the heirs can be subject to administrative and civil sanctions in the event of loss of the parties.
PENGATURAN PENJAMINAN KREDIT MODAL KERJA DALAM PENYELAMATAN UMKM DITENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Widya Utami Ida Ayu Ketut Gita , Sri Indrawati Anak Agung
Published: October 2022

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaturan penjaminan kredit modal kerja bagi UMKM di tengah pandemi Covid-19 dan mengkaji pengaturan penjaminan kredit modal kerja dalam penyelamatan UMKM di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Metode penulisan yang digunakan ialah penelitian hukum normatif yang meninjau kepustakaaan hukum sehingga mengacu pada data sekunder yakni bahan-bahan hukum. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Penjaminan pemerintah yang diberikan terhadap pelaku usaha untuk kredit modal kerja bagi UMKM diatur dalam Pasal 7 ayat (1) yang menyatakan bahwa “Penjaminan Pemerintah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 6 ayat (1), diberikan terhadap kewajiban finansial atas Pinjaman modal kerja yang diterima oleh Pelaku Usaha.” Dalam Permenkeu RI No. 71/PMK.08/2020 Dengan penjaminan terhadap modal kerja akan adanya dorongan penyaluran kredit modal kerja ke UMKM dari perbankan. Maka dapatlah dinyatakan bahwa terdapat peluang peningkatkan permodalan bagi pelaku UMKM sekaligus menurunkan rasio resiko kredit. Tegas dan jelasnya, Permenkeu RI No.  71/PMK.08/2020 memang benar dapat menyelamatkan UMKM ditengah pandemi Covid-19.

This study will discover the arrangements for guaranteeing working capital loans for SMEs in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and reviewing the arrangements for guaranteeing working capital loans in rescuing SMEs in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a normative legal research method that reviews the legal literature so that it refers to secondary data, namely legal materials. The results explain that the government guarantee provided to business actors for working capital loans for SMEs is regulated in Article 7 paragraph (1) which states that "The Government Guarantee as referred to in Article 6 paragraph (1), is given to financial obligations on working capital loans issued by the government. accepted by the Business Actor." From the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, No. 71/PMK.08/2020 With the guarantee of working capital, there will be encouragement for the distribution of working capital loans to SMEs from banks. So it can be said that there is an opportunity to increase capital for SMEs actors while reducing the credit risk ratio. Firmly and clearly, the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia No. 71/PMK.08/2020 can indeed save SMEs in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic.
KRITIK KELEMAHAN KONFIGURASI PANDANGAN EKONSENTRIS PADA PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1949
Authors: Manubulu Isakh Benyamin , Astariyani Ni Luh Gede
Published: October 2022

ENMOD Convention dan Protokol Tambahan Janewa 1949 menjadi landasan perlindungan lingkungan hidup dalam kondisi berkonflik namun, kesenjangan antara kedua kerangka pengaturan hukum tersebut menjadikan ketidakefektifan dalam pengaplikasiannya. Hal ini yang melatarbelakangi diformulasikan Rumusan Masalah (1) Apakah terdapat permasalahan pada formulasi Protokol I pada konsep ekosentris perlindungan Hukum Lingkungan Internasional?(2) Bagaimana kritik terhadap pergeseran konsep ekosentris perlindungan hukum lingkungan Internasional pada konflik bersenjata melalui Protokol I? Metode dalam penyusunan tulisan ini ialah Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, serta analisis dan konseptual. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini bermuara pada kesimpulan bahwa (1) terdapat permasalahan pada perumusan Protokol I khususnya sebab terdapat perbedaan pemikiran konsep perlindungan hidup ke arah antroposentris; serta (2) Pemunduran konsep ekosentris pada Protokol I disebabkan karena tidak adanya komitmen yang kuat dalam melindungi lingkungan hidup ketika terjadi konflik bersenjata.

The ENMOD Convention and the Additional Protocol of January 1949 provided the basis for environmental protection in conflicting conditions, however, the gap between the two legal regulatory frameworks made it ineffective in its application. This is the background of the formulation of the Problem Formulation (1) Are there problems in the formulation of Protocol I on the ecocentric concept of international environmental law protection? (2) How is the criticism of the shift in the ecocentric concept of protecting extranational environment regulations in armed conflict through Protocol I? The method in the preparation of this paper is the Normative Legal Research Method with a descriptive approach, as well as analysis and conceptual. In the end, this paper leads to the conclusion that (1) there are problems in the formulation of Protocol I especially because there are differences in the concept of life protection towards anthropocentricity; and (2) Withdrawal of the ecocentric concept in Protocol I is caused by the absence of a strong commitment to protect the environment when armed conflict occurs
PERLINDUNGAN HAK PENGGUNA PINJAMAN ONLINE DARI BOCORNYA DATA PRIBADI AKIBAT PENAGIHAN HUTANG PINJAMAN ONLINE ILEGAL
Authors: Noviyanti Desak Putu , Purwanti Ni Putu
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan penyelesaian masalah berupa perlindungan hak konsumen dari penyalahgunaan data pribadi debitur yang akibat dari gagal bayar pinjaman online. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa penelitian normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan fakta. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pengawasan dan pengaturan tentang pinjaman online telah diatur dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/PJOK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi, namun upaya transaksi pinjaman online masih terdapat penagihan hutang berupa ancaman dan terror yang diikuti penyebarluasan data pribadi ke public.Banyaknya perusahaan pinjaman online illegal serta masyarakat yang mengambil jalan pintas secara instan mengakibatkan masih banyak korban akan penyebaran data pribadi tidak dapat dilindungi.

This research aims to provide a solution to problems in the form of protecting consumer rights from misuse of debtor's personal data as a result of online loan defaults. The research method used in this research is normative research using a statutory approach, conceptual approach and a fact approach. This study concludes that the supervision and regulation of online loans has been regulated in the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77/PJOK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Borrowing and Borrowing Services, but online loan transaction efforts are still subject to debt collection in the form of threats. and terror followed by the dissemination of personal data to the public. The large number of illegal online loan companies and people who take shortcuts instantly result in many victims of the spread of personal data that cannot be protected.
PRAKTIK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT: BAGAIMANA KEKHUSUSAN DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENYIDIKAN ?
Authors: Putra Atmaja Nyoman Bela , Swardhana Gede Made
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis Penyidikan dalam UU 5/1999 dan Kebijakan penyidikan dalam RUU  Praktik Monopoli. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum bersumber dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan dengan metode penelusuran pustaka dan dianalisis menggunakan metode preskriptif. Penyidikan dalam UU 5/1999 terdapat banyak masalah yaitu tidak jelas dapat dilakukan oleh Polisi atau PPNS, kewenangan menyidik hanya pada dua tindak pidana padahal terdapat 15 (lima belas) tindak pidana, subjek pidana tidak jelas, serta pelimpahan perkara pasca penyidikan tidak lengkap pengaturannya. Hukum acara pidananya memang dapat bersumber dari UU KUHAP, namun terbentur dengan sanksi administrasi dari keputusan KPPU yang menjadi bukti awal penyidikan yang tidak dikenal dalam UU KUHAP. Keberadaan RUU  Praktik Monopoli justru menghilangkan pengaturan penyidikan yang ada dalam UU 5/1999. Satu-satunya ketentuan terkait penyidikan hanya ada hanya aturan bahwa penyidik dapat membantu penggledahan dan penyitaan yang dilakukan oleh KPPU, padahal ketentuan sanksi pidana tetap ada dan KPPU tetap diberi wewenang menjatuhkan sanksi administrasi.

The purpose of this research are to analyze the Investigation in Law 5/1999 and the Investigation Policy in RUU Monopoly and Unfair Business Competition. This research is a legal research using a statute and conceptual approach. Legal materials are from primary and secondary sources that are collected by library research methods and analyzed using prescriptive methods.Investigation in Law 5/1999 there are many problems namely that do not set clearly about investogator from the Police or PPNS, criminal subjects, and the delegation of post cases investigation, and the investigator authority is only for two criminal acts. The criminal procedural law can indeed be sourced from UU KUHAP, but it is hampered by administrative sanctions from the KPPU's decision which became preliminary evidence of an investigation not known in UU KUHAP. The only provisions relating to investigations in RUU Monopoly and Unfair Business Competition are only the rule that the investigator can assist the search and seizure carried out by the KPPU, even though the provisions of criminal sanctions still exist and the KPPU is still authorized to impose administrative sanctions.
PENGATURAN DAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN TERKAIT RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN KERETA GANTUNG DI GUNUNG ABANG KINTAMANI
Authors: Suyasa IPutu Oka , Dahana Cokorda Dalem
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan terkait rencana pengembangan dan pembangunan kereta gantung di Gunung Abang Kintamani dan mencari tahu upaya yang perlu dilakukan terkait pencegahan potensi kerusakan lingkungan terhadap rencana pembangunan kereta gantung di wilayah Gunung Abang. Dengan penelitian hukum normatif yang meneliti bahan pustaka dan mengkaji asas-asas hukum dan kaedah hukum positif, didapatkan hasil penelitian yaitu; kawasan tempat akan dibangunnya kereta gantun di wilayah Gunung Abang diatur sebagai kawasan suci, kawasan sempadan jurang dan kawasan rawan bencana, dan kereta gantung dalam RTRW Kab. Bangli tidak diatur. Namun dalam Perda RIPKD Kab. Bangli pada pasal 28 huruf b, angka 4 disebutkan mengenai cable car, dalam penjelasan perda tidak disebutkan secara jelas maksud dari cable car. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan terkait pencegahan potensi kerusakan lingkungan yaitu lebih menekankan pada penegakan hukum preventif dalam bentuk melakukan pencegahan secara aktif dengan penegakan peraturan mengenai tata ruang wilayah kabupaten/kota, yang sebelumnya sudah didasari pada kajian lingkungan hidup strategis (KLHS).

The purpose of this study is to determine the arrangements related to the cable car construction plan in the Mount Abang Kintamani region and find out the efforts that need to be made related to the prevention of potential environmental damage to the planned railroad construction in the Mount Abang area. With normative legal research examining library materials and studying the principles of law and positive legal methods, the results of the study are obtained; the area where the train will be built in the area of Mount Abang is organized as a sacred area, cliff edge area and disaster-prone areas. And the cable car in RTRW Kab. Bangli is not set. But in RIPKD Regional Regulations, Kab. Bangli in article 28 letter b, number 4 is mentioned about the cable car, the regional regulation does not clearly state the purpose of the cable car. Efforts that need to be done related to the prevention of potential environmental damage that is more emphasis on preventive law enforcement in the form of active prevention. With enforcement of regulations regarding regency/city spatial plans, which had previously been based on a strategic environmental study.
PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP PENGGUNA LAYANAN SELULER YANG TERGANGGU DENGAN ADANYA SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS) SPAM
Authors: Surya Utama Anak Agung Ngurah Adhi , Sri Indrawati Anak Agung
Published: October 2022

Tujuan studi ini adalah hendak untuk mengetahui dan memahami bentuk perlindungan konsumen terhadap adanya SMS spam akibat bocornya data pribadi pengguna jasa layanan seluler. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang – undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil studi menujukan bahwa adanya persaingan usaha yang ketat mengakibatkan pelaku usaha menggunakan segala motode termasuk membeli data pribadi pengguna jasa layanan seluler untuk dapat dikirimkan SMS SPAM agar dapat memperkenalkan usahanya dengan lebih luas dan murah. Dalam situasi ini, konsumuen selaku pelanggan layanan seluler yang menjadi pihak yang dirugikan tentu dapat mengajukan tuntutan baik dalam upaya litigasi dan non litigasi. Pihak yang dirugikan pun berhak untuk mengajukan tuntutan ganti rugi kepada penyelenggara telekomunikasi Teknologi, pihak yang dirugikan pun dapat meminta kompendasi kompensasi yang dapat dilakukan melalui metode arbritase, mediasi maupun konsiliasi. 

The purpose of this study is to find out and understand the form of consumer protection against SMS spam due to the leakage of personal data of cellular service users. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the existence of intense business competition has resulted in business actors using all methods, including buying personal data of cellular service users to be able to send SPAM SMS in order to introduce their business more broadly and cheaply. In this situation, consumers as cellular service customers who are the aggrieved parties can certainly file claims in both litigation and non-litigation efforts. The aggrieved party also has the right to file a claim for compensation to the telecommunications technology operator, the aggrieved party can also ask for compensation which can be done through arbitration, mediation or conciliation methods.
UPAYA ATAS KEPUTUSAN FIKTIF POSITIF PEJABAT TATA USAHA NEGARA PASCA JUDICIAL REVIEW UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA
Authors: Novira Rahmadian , Putri Kartika I Gusti Ayu
Published: October 2022

Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kepastian hukum keputusan fiktif positif (Pasal 53 UU Administrasi Pemerintahan Pasca judicial review UU Cipta Kerja) dan bentuk sarana perlindungan hukum yang dapat digunakan masyarakat apabila tidak diterbitkannya keputusan terhadap permohonan yang dianggap dikabulkan (fiktif positif) pasca judicial review UU Cipta Kerja. Studi ini memakai metode penelitian hukum normatif, pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil dari studi (1) Terhadap Pasal 53 UUAP pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi atas UU Cipta Kerja terdapat kekosongan hukum yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum kepada masyarakat dan berpotensi menimbulkan kesewenang-wenangan pemerintah atas masyarakat, karena semakin singkatnya waktu memproses permohonan yang berpotensi terdapatnya keputusan yang diterbitkan dengan tergesa-gesa dan tidak cermat, tidak diatur mekanisme untuk mendapatkan keputusan dan/atau tindakan atas fiktif positif, tidak ada aturan pelaksana yang sudah diperintahkan, serta tidak ada lagi lembaga independen yang mampu memaksa dan memberikan jaminan agar badan dan/atau pejabat pemerintah menetapkan keputusan atau melaksanakan tindakan atas fiktif positif. (2) Sarana Perlindungan hukum yang dapat dilakukan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan penyelesaian jika terjadi fiktif positif yaitu melakukan pengaduan secara tertulis kepada penyelenggara pelayanan publik dan Lembaga Ombudsman.

This Study, intends to identifies the legal certainty of positive fictitious  (Article 53 Government Administration Act after enactment of Cipta Kerja Act) and the kind of legal protection facilities that can be used by the public if a decision is not issued on an application deemed granted (positive fictitious) after enactment of Cipta Kerja Act. This study uses normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study is : (1) Towards Article 53 of UUAP after enactment of Cipta Kerja Act and after the Mahkamah Konstitusi decision, there is a legal vacuum that creates legal uncertainty and  has potential to cause government arbitrariness over the society, bacause shorter processing time for application may be cause decisions published hastily and carelessly, there is no regulated mechanism for obtaining decisions and/or actions on positive fictitious, there are no regulation that have been ordered by this Act, and there are no longer independent institutions has capable of coercing and providing guarantees that the government will issue a decision or take action upon the positive fictitious. (2) Legal protection facilitie, that can be used by the society to get solution for a positive fictitious is making a written complaint to the public service provider and to the Ombudsman.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM INVESTOR RITEL PASCA PRIVILEGE PADA PERUSAHAAN START UP DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Putra I Gusti Lanang Ngurah Adhi Widyarta , Sudiarawan Kadek Agus
Published: October 2022

Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah legalitas Saham Dengan Hak Suara Mulitpel, bentuk dan penerapanya pada Emiten serta mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap invetor ritel pasca  berlakunya Saham Dengan Hak Suara Multipel dan Perubahan Peraturan BEI I-A. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan studi jurnal ini yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang – undangan (the statuae approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa legalitas dari Saham Dengan Hak Suara Multipel diatur Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia No. 22/POJK.04/2021  tentang Penerapan Klasifikasi Saham Dengan Hak Suara Multipel Oleh Emiten Dengan Inovasi Dan Tingkat Pertumbuhan Tinggi Yang Melakukan Penawaran Umum Efek Bersifat Ekuitas Berupa Saham bentuk dan penerapannya sebagaimana diimplementasikan dalam IPO Emiten GOTO  dengan Saham Seri B. sebagai perlindungan preventif kepada investor ritel telah diterapkan   Notasi Khusus pada Emiten dengan klasifikasi tertentu.

The purposes of this study is to know legality of Multi Voting Shares, form and it’s implementation in listed company and also to know legal protection for retail investors after implementation of Muti Voting Shares and Amandement of BEI Rules I-A. In writing this  scientific journal using normative law  research with the statue approach was used. The result of this study showed legality for Multi Voting Shares ruled in  Indonesia Financial Services  Authority (OJK)’s regulations   No. 22/POJK.04/2021  concerning of Implementation multi voting shares by company have innovation  and high growth rate who listed in BEI then Multi voting shares has implemented in PT Gojek Tokopedia Tbk’s IPO by B Series Stcok. Others result of this study showed prevent legal protection for retail investor has implemented Special Notations policy  for listed company with particular classification.
KONSTITUSIONALITAS PENGANUT ALIRAN KEPERCAYAAN KEPADA TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI
Authors: Prasadana Gede Bagus Adhi , Yusa I Gede
Published: October 2022

Tujuan studi ini untuk mengkaji konstitusionalitas penganut aliran kepercayaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa (YME) pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 97/PUU-XI/2016 karena secara empiris masih terdapat diskriminasi terhadap penganut aliran kepercayaan kepada Tuhan YME setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi diberlakukan. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat diskriminasi kepada penganut aliran kepercayaan kepada Tuhan YME meskipun Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 97/PUU-XI/2016  sudah diberlakukan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal yakni tidak diketahuinya soal Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi oleh dinas-dinas terkait, artinya tidak terdapat kordinasi antara jajaran pemerintahan. Kedudukan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat dikatakan sejajar dengan undang-undang karena pengujian uji materiil ke Mahkamah Konstitusi yaitu pengujian undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 sehingga Putusan MK kedudukannya sejajar dengan undang-undang dalam hal ini Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan. Harmoniasi peraturan perundang-undangan sangat dibutuhkan dalam hal ini dengan segera melakukan perubahan materi muatan terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan oleh DPR dan Presiden dan segera melakukan sosialiasi agar hak-hak konstitusional warga negara dapat terpenuhi. 

The purpose of this study is to examine the constitutionality of adherents of the belief in God Almighty (YME) after the Constitutional Court Decision 97/PUU-XI/2016 because empirically there is still discrimination against adherents of the belief in God Almighty after the Constitutional Court's decision was enforced. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that there is still discrimination against adherents of the belief in God Almighty even though the Constitutional Court Decision 97/PUU-XI/2016 has been enacted. This is due to several things, namely the lack of knowledge about the Constitutional Court Decision by the relevant agencies, meaning that there is no coordination between government ranks. The position of the Constitutional Court Decision can be said to be parallel to the law because the judicial review of the Constitutional Court is the judicial review of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia so that the Constitutional Court's decision has an equal position with the law in this case Law Number 23 Year 2006 concerning Population Administration. Harmonization of laws and regulations is urgently needed in this regard by immediately making changes to the content of Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration by the DPR and the President and immediately conducting socialization so that the constitutional rights of citizens can be fulfilled.
PEMBELAAN TERPAKSA BERSENJATA OLEH KORBAN BEGAL YANG MENGAKIBATKAN HILANGNYA NYAWA PELAKU BEGAL
Authors: Sahdewa Ida Bagus Hery , Hariyanto Diah Ratna Sari
Published: October 2022

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa yang menjadi tolak ukur Pasal 49 KUHP dalam menentukan suatu perbuatan dapat dikategorikan sebagai suatu perbuatan pembelaan terpaksa dan untuk mengetahui apakah pembelaan dengan menggunakan senjata tajam, tumpul, airgum maupun senjata api yang telah memiliki izin dapat dikateogirkan sebagai suatu pembelaan terpaksa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum doktrinal, serta dengan melakukan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Berdasarkan kepada hasil penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa di dalam ketentuan Pasal 49 KUHP tidak menjelaskan secara eksplisit mengenai perbuatan yang seperti apa yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai suatu pembelaan terpaksa. Dalam pasal ini juga tidak terdapat tolak ukur yang jelas, yang dapat menentukan suatu perbuatan sebagai suatu pembelaan terpaksa yang dapat terhindar dari ancaman pidana. Kemudian terkait dengan pembelaan dengan menggunakan senjata tajam, tumpul, airgun ataupun senjata api yang telah memiliki izin, penulis menemukan bahwa berdasarkan kepada Pasal 1 angka 3 Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia. Seseorang memiliki hak secara legal untuk memiliki, menguasai, dan menggunakan senjata api non-organik sebagai alat bela diri, dengan terlebih dahulu memenuhi syarat sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan ini. Namun aturan pasal ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 49 KUHP yang tidak menjelaskan secara tegas mengenai perbuatan apa yang dapat dilakukan dan perbuatan apa dan perbuatan apa yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai suatu pembelaan terpaksa.

The writing of this article aims to find out what is the benchmark for Article 49 of the Criminal Code in determining an act can be categorized as an act of forced defense and to find out whether a defense using sharp, blunt weapons, airguns or firearms that already have a permit can be categorized as a defense. forced. This research was conducted using normative legal research methods or doctrinal legal research, as well as using a case approach. Based on the results of this study, the author finds that the provisions of Article 49 of the Criminal Code do not explicitly explain what kinds of actions can be categorized as a forced defense. In this article there is also no clear benchmark that can determine an act as a forced defense that can avoid criminal threats. Then related to the defense using sharp, blunt weapons, airguns or firearms that already have a permit, the author finds that based on Article 1 point 3 of the Regulation of the Indonesian National Police. A person has the legal right to own, control, and use non-organic firearms as a means of self-defense, by first fulfilling the requirements as regulated in this regulation. However, the rules of this article are contrary to Article 49 of the Criminal Code which does not clearly explain what actions can be carried out and what actions and what actions can be categorized as a forced defense.
PENGHAPUSAN JENIS PEKERJAAN YANG DAPAT DIALIHDAYAKAN (OUTSOURCING): PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA
Authors: Madeni Apriliani Ni Putu Eka , Dwijayanthi Putri Triari
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penulisan jurnalni adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai alih daya berdasarkan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja serta dapat mengetahui mengenai penghapusan pengaturan jenis pekerjaan yang ada dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dapat memperkuat perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja alih daya di Indonesia atau sebaliknya. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah metode penelitian normatif. Dengan pendekatan perundang – undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengapusan jenis pekerjaan yang dapat dialihdayakan yang pada awalnya diatur dalam pasal 66 Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dihapus didalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja yang menimbulkan kekaburan norma. Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja yang semula diharapkan agar dapat memberikan keadilan pada pekerja malah mengalami kemunduran yang berefek pada dapat terjadinya eksploitasi pada pekerja dan tidak terjaminnya hak – hak pekerja di Indonesia.

The purpose of writing this journal is to find out the regulation regarding outsourcing based on the Manpower Act and the Job Creation Law and to find out about the abolition of the type of work arrangement in the Job Creation Law, which can strengthen legal protection for outsourced workers in Indonesia or vice versa. The research method used in writing this journal is a normative research method. With a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that the abolition of the types of work that can be outsourced which was originally regulated in Article 66 of the Manpower Law is abolished in the Job Creation Law which creates a blurring of norms. The Job Creation Law, which was originally expected to provide justice for workers, has actually experienced a setback which has an effect on exploitation of workers and the insecurity of workers' rights in Indonesia.
KEABSAHAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM PEMBAYARAN BERBASIS QRIS (QUICK RESPONSE CODE INDONESIAN STANDARD) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nurdyputra I Gusti Ngurah Gilang Mahabisana , Rudy Dewa  Gde
Published: October 2022

Metode penelitian hukum normatif adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan penulisan jurnal ini yang digunakan, yang mana dalam metode ini artinya hukum diposisikan sesuai atau disamakan dengan sistem norma. Terdapat beberapa bahan hukum yang sifatnya primer dan sekunder dalam penyelesaian jurnal ini yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur dan membahas tentang transaksi elektronik, literatur, dan jurnal hukum. Dalam penulisan jurnal ini penulis menggunakan statute approach atau pendekatan dengan memperhatikan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa dengan memperhatikan Peraturan Dewan Anggota Gubernur Nomor 21/ 18/ PADG/ 2019 Tentang Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk Pembayaran dan KUHPerdata khususnya dalam Pasal 1320, Transaksi Elektronik dengan menggunakan QRIS sebagai metode pembayarannya dapat dikatakan memiliki keabsahan hukum. Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan dari transaksi elektronik ini adalah lahirnya keadaan hukum baru, kemudian lenyapnya keadaan hukum tersebut, jika pembeli dan penjual sudah memenuhi kewajiban dan mendapatkan haknya.

The normative research method is the research method used in writing this journal, which in this method means that the law is in accordance with or equated with the norm system. There are several primary and secondary legal materials in the completion of this journal, namely the laws and regulations that regulate and discuss electronic transactions, literature, and legal journals. In writing this journal, the author uses a statutory approach or an approach by taking into account the laws and regulations. The results show that by observing the Regulation of the Board of Governors Number 21/ 18/ PADG/2019 concerning the Implementation of the National Standard for Quick Response Codes for Payments and the Civil Code, especially in Article 1320, Electronic Transactions using QRIS as the payment method can be said to have legal validity. The legal consequences arising from this electronic transaction are the state of the birth of a new law, then the disappearance of that legal situation, if the buyer and seller have fulfilled their obligations and obtained their rights.
Identification of financial indicators affecting the economic growth before and during global crises: Evidence from developing countries
Authors: KOZHANOVA Anastasiya V.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article addresses relationship between financial indicators and economic growth.
Objectives. The aim is to investigate the impact of financial indicators on economic growth in developing economies, including the period during crises, using aggregated indicators.
Methods. The study employs the correlation and regression analysis.
Results. The analysis searched for statistically significant factors for the period from 2000 to 2020 for five groups of countries, using the International Monetary Fund database and comparison of samples, i.e. total, by region, during the last two crises (2008–2009 and 2019–2020) and between crises. The results show that the most statistically significant and positive impact on economic growth is exerted by the volume of exports of goods and services in the general sample and by region. During the crisis and inter-crisis periods, the volume of imports of goods and services has a statistically significant positive impact, and the greatest negative impact during the crisis period is made by external debt. In the inter-crisis period, investments also have a positive impact. The results of the analysis of the total sample indicate the need for further selection of independent variables.
Conclusions. The findings can be applied to compare and evaluate the impact of new crises on economic growth. In addition, they may be used by public authorities, when developing financial and economic concepts and strategic plans for the development of emerging market economies.
Integration of solar and wind power generation in the BRICS countries: An analysis of investment parameters and challenges
Authors: SALYGIN Valerii I. , DENIZ Dar'ya S.
Published: October 2022

Subject. This article explores the technological and economic barriers to the integration of solar and wind-driven electric power stations into the electric power system, and it analyzes the options for choosing the optimal investment project when comparing parameters in the format of the BRICS countries.
Objectives. The article aims to define and systematize the parameters of investment efficiency of solar and wind power generation construction projects in the BRICS countries.
Methods. To assess investment indicators, we used well-established measures in international practice: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PbP), and Aggregate Capital Expenditures (CAPEX).
Results. The article identifies and systematizes the fundamental barriers in the implementation of projects in the field of renewable energy sources (RES), among which there are political and institutional, informational, market, and cognitive ones. The article also considers options for overcoming these barriers through improving the institutional environment and State support.
Conclusions and Relevance. Means to achieve economic efficiency and reliability of energy supply of the electric power system are getting transformed as the share of renewable energy sources increases and the transition to a new stage of the energy market's development gets actualized. The materials of the article can be used as a tool to determine the level of investment efficiency of renewable energy projects, taking into account the macroeconomic context.
Actual tax liability: Essence of the concept, legal rationale and specifics of calculation
Authors: KAVERINA Elina Yu.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article considers the essence of the concept of "actual tax liability", which has no legislative consolidation. Objectives. The aim is to provide legal justification for the concept of "actual tax liability", explain the relationship between such concepts as "fiscal obligation", "tax liability", and "actual tax liability", determine the specifics of calculating the amount of actual tax liability. Methods. The study employs general scientific and special methods, i.e. analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, systems analysis, and others. Results. I reviewed and summarized various viewpoints on definition of the essence of the concept of "tax obligation", determined the relationship between the concepts of "fiscal obligation", "tax liability", and "actual tax liability", provided legal substantiation of the concept of "actual tax liability". The paper highlights the specifics of calculating the amount of actual tax liability. Conclusions. The tax liability concept is not enshrined in the legislation on taxes and duties, however, its essence can be disclosed through the legislation on accounting. When conducting tax audits and revealing incorrect calculations of the amount of tax liability, tax authorities are obliged to calculate actual tax liability based on actual financial and economic activities of the taxpayer. The main condition of the calculation is that it should not lead to more onerous taxation. However, in some cases, namely, when Article 54.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is applied and the taxpayer refuses to assist the tax authorities, the latter may calculate a larger amount of tax liability than the actual one.
The Question of the Relation of Hegel's Philosophy to Science in Dialectical Materialism in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century
Authors: Vladimirov Pavel Viktorovich
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing G.W.F. Hegel's philosophy in dialectical materialism in the late 19th – first half of the 20th century in terms of its relation to science. The main directions of interpretation on this issue, which are characteristic of the works of dialectical materialism, are outlined. The article shows both the mutual inconsistency of a number of interpretational directions and the peculiarities of dialectical materialism development in terms of the prevailing directions of interpretations of the scientific character of Hegel's philosophy. As a result, it is noted that while the early periods were mostly characterized by a high scientific significance of either Hegel's philosophy in general or his dialectical method, later positions on this problematic change in the direction of worsening both the general attitude to Hegel's philosophy and the attitude to the degree of its scientific significance, since positions on either only a latent scientific potential of Hegel's dialectical method or (in the later periods) the unscientific and mystical character of both the system and the method become predominant. The article also considers possible factors that may have influenced the change in attitudes to the question of the scientific character of Hegel's philosophy.
Multiple forms of corruption
Authors: Gribakina Elvira Nikolaevna
Published: October 2022

The article uses two reference categories: visual social reality and cryptic social reality to draw a line between the legal understanding of corruption and its latent, hidden forms. Such methodology makes it possible to look into yet unexplored processes of corrupt relations and to abandon the identification of corruption with legal crimes. The resulting effect is related to the identification of forms of corruption unfolding in the everyday life of people and influencing not only the quality of their world-perceptions but also the structure of fateful meanings. We get an opportunity for further research into what is constantly disguised, encrypted and not given into the hands of the "open access".
Modern entrepreneurial university: ontic grounds and political risks
Authors: Maltsev Konstantin Gennad'evich , Maltseva Anna Victorovna , Binkovskaya Larisa Nikolaevna
Published: October 2022

Discussions around the entrepreneurial "university of excellence" that replaced the "university of modernity" usually touch on one essential aspect: the need to "preserve" in a commercial firm, such as a modern university, those "remnants" of liberal education that are considered socially valuable ("public good"), politically significant (education of a citizen), necessary in theoretical (the specific form of knowledge and the peculiarities of teaching it) and methodological (the importance of philosophy as a methodology of sciences, in addition, the only one providing integration as interdisciplinarity) attitude. The article analyzes the arguments put forward by Lyotard in favor of the statement that a modern university in a "postmodern situation" is no longer capable of being a "protected place" (Collini) for knowledge: the legitimization of knowledge now has different sources and procedures than knowledge in a classical modern university. The main methods of politicization are studied (U. Bek) knowledge and university, undertaken in order to provide humanitarian knowledge and education a place in an entrepreneurial university. It is concluded that criticism of the current state of humanitarian knowledge and education does not matter either for university policy or for the public discourse of the university in market democracies.
Neoshamanism as a product of modern culture
Authors: Polyakova Olga Andreevna
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to reveal the phenomenon of "basic shamanism" (neo-Shamanism) in modern culture, founded by M. Harner. To determine the specifics of the development of neo-Shamanism and its significance in the spiritual life of society. The article discusses the transmission of knowledge of neo-Shamanism and its transformation through two neo-Shamanic schools ("Foundation for Shamanic Research", "Scandidava Center for Shamanism Research"). The scientific novelty consists in revealing the rebirth and modification of modern shamanism (neo-Shamanism) from traditional shamanism and its ability to preserve and transform traditional knowledge to the future generation with the help of social content. (edited). As a result, it is proved that neo-Shamanism was formed as a stable consciousness of modern culture through self-reproduction and translation.
Does the Gender of the Owner Affect the Productivity of Enterprises in India’s Informal Economy?
Authors: Gang Ira , Natarajan Rajesh Raj , Sen Kunal , Yun Myeong-Su
Published: October 2022

We examine the patterns and correlates of the productivity gap betweenmale- and female-owned enterprises in India’s informal sector.Female-owned firms are 45 per cent less productive than male-owned firmson average, with the greatest productivity gaps observed at the lower end ofthe productivity distribution. We measure a firm’s productivity in terms ofits labour productivity. Using decomposition methods, we find thatstructural effects account for approximately 73 per cent of the productivitygap, with the remainder attributable to differences in observablecharacteristics captured by composition effects. We also find that, amongobservable characteristics, the most important set of factors explaining thegender productivity gap are the characteristics of a firm, such as its size,age, receipt of government assistance, registration with state authorities,contract-based work, and accounting records. Male-owned firms have acompetitive advantage over female-owned enterprises with respect to thesecharacteristics.
A Vote-Share Concentration-Based Axiomatic Characterisation of the Probability-Ratio Index of Electoral Competition
Authors: Chakravarty Satya R. , Mitra Manipushpak , Mutuswami Suresh , Pal Rupayan
Published: October 2022

We axiomatically characterise the probability-ratio index of electoralcompetition, which is based on the vote shares of parties competing in anelection. It is the ratio between the probabilities that two voters drawn atrandom with (without) replacement voted for different parties under actualvote shares across the competing parties and under equal vote shares acrossthem. This vote-share concentration-based measure is characterised usingtwo simple axioms, consistency in aggregation and competitive indifference.The former expresses the index as a weighted sum of competitiveness intwo-party elections. The latter is concerned with the redistribution of voteshares across parties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANALOG JERKY FROM MORINGA LEAVES (MORINGA OLEIFERA L.) WITH THE ADDITION OF WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS) POWDER
Authors: Elvinas Rici , Sayuti Kesuma , Azima Fauzan
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of differences of white oyster mushroom powder addition to the characteristic of beef jerky analog from Moringa leaves and to determine the best beef jerky analogs of moringa leaves with white oyster mushroom powder addition based on chemical, physical, and organoleptic analysis. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments (the addition of white oyster mushroom 0%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) with 5 replications. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA and if it had significantly different, continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 5% significance level. The observation showed that the addition of white oyster mushroom powder had a significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, crude fiber content, yield, and organoleptic on color, aroma, and taste, but it has no significant effect on the hardness and organoleptic texture. The best beef jerky analogs of moringa leave with white oyster mushroom powders based on chemical, physical, and organoleptic was beef jerky of D treatment (addition white oyster mushroom powder 60%) with characteristics of average yield 68.87%, hardness 39.01 %, water content 3.63%, ash content 6.38%, fat content 14.25%, protein content 15.01%, crude fiber content 8.14%, organoleptic of color 4.05 (like), aroma 3,90 (like), taste 3,35 (neutral), and texture 3,85 (like).

 

Keywords: White oyster mushroom, Characteristic, Moringa leaves, Jerky analog