bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Solar Disinfectant in Kuthambakkam, India – A Model of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development in Marginalised Communities
Authors: Broman D. R. , Ilango Dhivya M
Published: September 2020

Using the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) as an analytical tool, this work examines the sustainability decision making in an Indian village. Kuthambakkam – through the efforts of Elango Rangasamy – has become a site of value for understanding how sustainable development concepts can be applied successfully in an actual developing world scenario. The FSSD, including the concepts of ‘The Funnel’, back-casting and the principle based definition are used to analyse the Kuthambakkam case. This identifies how the decision-making process and actions in the panchayat provide a unique and valuable model of leadership for sustainability – with well-being as a goal. A decentralised, solar-powered disinfectant production method pioneered by Elango is the main project that is examined for this article. The model is currently operated by women’s self help groups in several locations within and nearby to the village – including a large scale production at a vital vegetable market. As the priority of the leadership – or end goal of the funnel – is the well-being of disadvantaged people, the results show superior alignment with sustainability principles compared to decisions made by leaders in corporations and the developed world.
Effect of Natural Resin from Wild Pistachio Trees on Physical Properties and Durability of Beech Wood
Authors: Izadyar Soheila , Babaei Yaser , Efhamisisi Davood
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the physical properties and decay resistance of beech wood treated with natural pistachio resin (PR) from Iranian wild pistachio trees (Pistacia atlantica), alone and in combination with boric acid (BA). Wood samples were impregnated with different concentration of PR dissolved in ethanol (3 to 20 %) with vacuum-pressure technology. The combination of PR (20 %) and BA (2 %) was also conducted to evaluate any interaction or synergistic effects. The water absorption, volumetric swelling, and decay resistance against Trametes versicolor fungi, before and after a leaching test (EN 84), were measured on treated and untreated samples. The chemical compositions of PR were also identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The chemicals analysis identified more than 20 different compounds in the PR, monoterpenoids being the predominant fraction and α-pinene the major component. The samples treated with a higher concentration of PR showed much higher weight gain percentage (WG%). The results showed that the increase in WG% reduced the average values of water absorption and volumetric swelling of treated samples even after long terms of soaking in water. The decay resistance of the treated samples increased against white rotting fungi as the values of WG% increased. Efficient protection was seen when a combined treatment of PR and BA was used. Even after the leaching process, the weight loss of the treated samples was less than 3 percent. The samples treated with BA alone largely lost their effectiveness against fungal attack after the leaching. The use of PR along with an environmental friendly co-biocide can also be recommended for wood preservation in places that require minimal toxicity.
Gemeenten en religieus erfgoed
Authors: Honingh Marlies , Nelissen Nico
Published: September 2020

Municipalities and religious heritage. Introduction to the special issue ‘religious heritage’

This issue of Bestuurswetenschappen is devoted to the theme of ‘religious heritage’, more specifically to what is called the ‘church problem’. Nobody will have missed the fact that quite a few churches have been withdrawn as places of worship in recent years. While there was still a shortage of churches a generation ago, today the problem is the other way around: there is a surplus. There is great agreement about the causes of this: secularization and church leaving have left deep marks. Churches have been demolished, used for multiple purposes and churches have become vacant. However, the majority of the empty churches have been given a new destination. Those who think that this solves the problem are mistaken. As a result, a new problem has arisen that raises the following questions: which designated purposes are ‘appropriate’, what is absolutely not possible and how does it work in practice if the religious function is combined with a cultural and/or commercial function? The versatility of the ‘church problem’ is evident from the contributions in this special issue. It opens with a column written by the King’s Commissioner in the province of North-Brabant, Wim van de Donk. In his column he emphasizes the value of religious heritage and the commitment of local communities to finding creative solutions.
Bestuurlijke strategieën tot duurzaam behoud van kerkgebouwen
Authors: Strolenberg Frank
Published: September 2020

Administrative strategies for the sustainable preservation of church buildings

The care for religious heritage is no recent phenomenon in the Netherlands. King Willem I (1813-1840) was the first king of the Netherlands personally committed to the preservation of churches. But striving for conservation does not mean that a building is frozen in time; on the contrary. Many a church is made smaller, rebuilt or expanded in the course of its existence. The use of churches for other than religious purposes is also nothing new in the Netherlands, as is the re-designation of churches. The ‘Grote Kerk’ of Veere has been re-designated many times since 1600. Of the current approximately 7,100 buildings in the Netherlands that were built for a religious function, some 1,700 have already been re-designated. It is said that around 1,000 church buildings have been closed since the 1960s, hundreds of which have been demolished. As far as religious buildings are concerned, change is not an exception, but a constant. So desperately wanting to keep everything as it is – or was – seems impossible. But all this does not alter the fact that church buildings are dear to Dutch society. For example, churches make up only 4% of the total stock of national monuments in the Netherlands, but together they receive about 40% of all maintenance funds. Church buildings apparantly offer something extra and lift us up as people. And from that perspective alone, the recommendation is to keep these buildings as much as possible for the future.
‘Waarom mag het niet wat meer onze kerk zijn?’
Authors: Kaljouw Matthias
Published: September 2020

‘Why should it not be more our church?’ Tensions with multiple use of city churches

This article provides insight into the way in which various city churches that are national monuments fulfill their various, sometimes contradictory, functions. All of these are church buildings that determine the city view. These five church buildings are dependent on commercial rental by a foundation or manager for their maintenance, but they also explicitly fulfill a religious and cultural-historical function. How do ecclesiastical and management organizations deal with this area of tension, what administrative forms do we find and where and why do tensions arise? The author sketches the results of a comparative case study of five churches, supplemented with data collected through focus groups with administrators of 20 church communities associated with city churches that are national monuments. It appears that tensions between the various functions of the church building occur in all these churches, regardless of the chosen administrative model. These tensions seem to be concentrated mainly around the ‘iconic’ meaning of the church building. For the church community, the church building not only fulfills the function of ‘meeting place’; it is also the building through which the church community is visible and recognizable in the city. In addition, the church building also appears to represent certain values with which church communities identify themselves. It is therefore important for administrators and foundations to answer a ‘cardinal’ question: can the current ecclesiastical function of the building be part of the commercial and cultural-historical function of the building, or should it remain strictly separate from it?
Omgevingsvisies: een waarborg voor het religieus erfgoed?
Authors: Stevenson Lars , Honingh Marlies
Published: September 2020

Environmental visions: a safeguard for the religious heritage?

After a year’s delay, the new Dutch Environmental Act will enter into force on January 1, 2022. Within this new legal framework, municipalities are expected to develop an environmental vision through policy integration and citizen participation. This new working method raises some questions. This article focuses on the quality of policy considerations with regard to vulnerable spatial domains and in particular religious heritage. It answers the question about the quality of policy considerations in municipal environmental visions and then examines whether policy integration and participation have contributed to this. An analysis of 33 municipal environmental visions shows that the quality of policy considerations for religious heritage is low in almost all municipalities. Interviews with nine municipalities provide a more complete picture and make it clear that the real quality of the policy considerations is higher than what can ultimately be found in the visions. However, these findings raise doubts about the future protection of the religious heritage in the further elaboration of the environmental vision in the environmental plan. In connection with this, two calls are made: (a) as a municipality, ensure that the subject of cultural heritage is on the political-administrative agenda; (b) ensure that cultural heritage is not only part of history, but also of the future.
De ‘archipelisering’ van Frankrijk: ook in Nederland?
Authors: Nelissen Nico
Published: September 2020

The ‘archipelisation’ of France: also in the Netherlands?

This essay discusses the book L’archipel français: naissance d’une nation multiple et divisée. In addition, the French author Jérôme Fourquet is discussed, what the central thesis of the book is, what research methods the author uses, how the book is structured and what conclusions he comes to. Subsequently, the second part of the essay raises the question of the extent to which (in the opinion of the author of the essay) there is also a metamorphosis of society in the Netherlands, as is seen in France. This enables him, among other things, to report on a longitudinal research project at Radboud University Nijmegen, which is known as ‘Socio-cultural Developments in the Netherlands’ (SOCON). The central proposition of the bestseller is that France was once a nation that could be seen as ‘one and indivisible’ (and was experienced as such), but that France has changed fundamentally over the past decades and is now a ‘multiform and divided’ country: an ‘archipelisation’ process has occurred. Fourquet derives the term ‘archipelago’ from geology and uses it as a metaphor for the sub-worlds that have emerged: largely autonomous ‘islands’ with a limited joint bond. The Dutch SOCON study and other evidence supports Fourquet’s notion that there is also a huge shift in society in the Netherlands and that here too (perhaps less than in France) there are indications for ‘archipelisation’.
Hvor blir det av bussen?
Authors: Nordenson Jon
Published: September 2020

En kampanje for kollektivtransport utfordrer den kuwaitiske statens narrativ om hvordan klimaendringene bør møtes, og peker på et fundamentalt spørsmål for alle de oljeeksporterende golfmonarkiene: Hvordan vil effektene av klimaendringene og det grønne skiftet påvirke forholdet mellom stat og samfunn?
Rasisme i Midtøsten
Authors: Lysa Charlotte
Published: September 2020

Lederartikkel, Babylon nr. 1 2020.
Die Fortuyn-Welle
Authors: Lövenich Christoph
Published: September 2020

The sudden emergence, the assassination and the subsequent electoral success of the Dutch right-wing populist Pim Fortuyn (1948–2002) are some the most intriguing occurrences in Dutch politics. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon in a language other than Dutch. Who was Fortuyn? What defined his more traditionally liberal/libertarian brand of right-wing populism? Who voted for him? The book covers the short-lived participation of his party (List Pim Fortuyn, LPF) in a government coalition as well its long-term impact on Dutch politics and the party system. Current populist leaders such as Geert Wilders and Thierry Baudet are building upon that legacy.
Die Welt am Abgrund
Authors: Mazzarella Eugenio
Published: September 2020

Mit Herausgabe der Schwarzen Hefte ist die Diskussion um Martin Heideggers Beziehung zu Judentum und Nationalsozialismus wieder aufgeflammt. Eugenio Mazzarella zeigt, auf welche Weise sich der Philosoph nach anfänglicher Unterstützung für das Dritte Reich von Politik und geschichtlicher Realität seiner Zeit in zunehmend apolitisch werdenden Tönen abwendet. Dies gipfelt darin, dass er in den 30er Jahren die gesamte Gegenwart, die Welt, das Leben, die Geschichte und die Menschheit dem Abgrund eines gnostischen Fluches überlässt, im Angesicht dessen die einzige Rettung im Erwarten eines anderen Zeitalters des Seins besteht. Die konkrete, existenziale und geschichtliche Geschichtlichkeit aus „Sein und Zeit“ wird somit vollständig verworfen und wird erst im Rahmen der später entwickelten Frage nach der Technik wiederkehren.
Association of cagA, cagC, virB2, and vacA Subtypes of Helicobacter pylori with Adenocarcinoma Development in Iranian Patients
Authors: Khodadadi Pouya , Kargar Mohammad , Bijanzadeh Mahdi , Doosti Abbas , Aghaei Shapoor
Published: September 2020

Background: Gastric cancer has been introduced as the second cause of cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is considered one of the main risk factors for this type of cancer, so that it has been classified as group I carcinogens. Objectives: The present research intended to examine the prevalence of cagA, cagC, virB2, vacA, and genotype distribution in H. pylori-infected biopsies and adenocarcinoma cases. Methods: Thirty-four H. pylori gastric biopsies taken from Western Iranian patients that were diagnosed as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and adenocarcinoma were used in this study. Two samples were taken from each patient. These samples were selected based on endoscopic observations and histological examinations. The presence of H. pylori was confirmed by the Rapid Urease test (RUT) and the ureC gene by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Then, specific primers for vacA and cagPAI were used for genotyping H. pylori by PCR-typing. Results: The obtained results showed that 86.8% of the samples were H. pylori-positive. Moreover, the cagA gene prevalence was 51.50% in the samples. In addition, the adenocarcinoma outcome was significantly related to all selected genes. Likewise, some gastric diseases such as gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcer (DU), gastritis, lymphoid, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were observed in adenocarcinoma cases. It was also found that the vacAs1m1i1 genotype plays an important role in gastric malignancies. The most frequent vacA genotype in the H. pylori-infected isolates was s1m1i1, and the observed frequency of vacA and cagA genes in adenocarcinoma was statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings showed that H. pylori vacA and cagA gene virulence factors are associated with adenocarcinoma in Western Iranian patients.
Mothership versus Drip-and-Ship Model for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Clinical and Radiological Outcomes
Authors: Romoli Michele , Paciaroni Maurizio , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Agostoni Elio Clemente , Vidale Simone
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose Substantial uncertainty exists on the benefit of organizational paradigms in stroke networks. Here we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed data from studies comparing functional outcome between the mothership (MS) and the drip and ship (DS) models.Methods The meta-analysis protocol was registered international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases were searched for randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs), retrospective and prospective studies comparing MS versus DS. Primary endpoints were functional independence at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale <3) and successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Scale [TICI] >2a); secondary endpoints were 3-month mortality and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH). Odds ratios for endpoints were pooled using the random effects model and were compared between the two organizational models.Results Overall, 18 studies (n=7,017) were included in quantitative synthesis. MS paradigm was superior to DS model for functional independence (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.55; I2=30%). Meta-regression analysis revealed association between onset-to-needle time and good functional outcome, with longer onset-to-needle time being detrimental. Similar rates of recanalization, sICH and mortality at 90 days were documented between MS and DS.Conclusions Patients with acute ischemic stroke eligible for reperfusion strategies might benefit more from MS paradigm as compared to DS. RCTs are needed to further refine best management taking into account logistics, facilities and resources.
CD20-Negative Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A 20-Year Consecutive Case Series From a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Menke Joshua R. , Spinner Michael A. , Natkunam Yasodha , Warnke Roger A. , Advani Ranjana H. , Gratzinger Dita A.
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare, indolent Hodgkin lymphoma subtype with distinct clinicopathologic features and treatment paradigms. The neoplastic lymphocyte-predominant cells typically express bright CD20 and other B-cell antigens, which distinguishes them from Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells of lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Objective.—

To characterize the clinicopathologic features of CD20-negative NLPHL at a single institution.

Design.—

A retrospective search for CD20-negative NLPHL in our pathology archives and medical records was conducted.

Results.—

Of 486 NLPHL patients identified with CD20 available for review, 14 (2.8%) had LP cells with absent CD20 expression. Patients with prior rituximab administration (n = 7) and insufficient clinical history (n = 1) were excluded, leaving 6 patients with rituximab-naïve, CD20-negative NLPHL. A broad immunohistochemical panel showed the LP cells in all cases expressed B-cell antigens, particularly Oct-2, although PAX5 and CD79a were frequently also dim. CD30, CD15, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs were negative in all evaluated cases. Two patients had high-risk variant immunoarchitectural pattern D. One patient had extranodal disease, involving the spleen and bone, and was suspected to have large cell transformation. Standard NLPHL therapy was given, including local radiation and/or chemotherapy. Of 5 patients with available follow-up, 4 are alive in complete remission after therapy, and 1 is alive with relapsed disease.

Conclusions.—

NLPHL can lack CD20 de novo without prior rituximab therapy. In such cases, extensive immunophenotyping helps distinguish NLPHL from lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma, which differ in clinical behavior and therapy. In our series, CD20-negative NLPHL showed both classic and variant histologic patterns and the expected range of clinical behavior seen in NLPHL, including 1 case with suspected large cell transformation.
The Revolution in Pediatric Drug Development and Drug Use: Therapeutic Orphans No More
Authors: Burckart Gilbert J. , Kim Clara
Published: September 2020

This lecture was given by Dr. Burckart in association with presentation of the 2014 Sumner J. Yaffe Lifetime Achievement Award in Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, which is selected by the Pediatric Pharmacy Association.

Multiple factors make conducting drug studies in the pediatric population difficult, resulting in a historic lack of information surrounding safe and efficacious drug dosing in children. The paradigm in pediatric drug development has shifted from normal science being that children are therapeutic orphans in the drug development system, to a model drift caused by pediatric legislation, to a model crisis caused by failed pediatric drug development trials, to finally a model revolution that includes pediatric patients routinely in drug development. Major regulatory actions and the accumulation of scientific evidence has created an environment where clinicians can expect properly labeled drug usage information for the pediatric population.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Children: A Review
Authors: Rathore Vinay , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Pal Rahul , Sahu Kamal Kant
Published: September 2020

The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Soon thereafter, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared it a pandemic. The adult population is highly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, infants and children are also not spared. Transmission in the pediatric population appears to be primarily from COVID-19–positive adults, largely from family contacts through droplets, direct contacts, and aerosols. There is also evidence of fecal-oral route of transmission. The incubation period of COVID-19 in children ranges from 2 to 10 days. Most children are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms amongst symptomatic children are fever and cough. Shortness of breath, sore throat, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, fatigue, and headache are other common symptoms. Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are the common gastrointestinal symptoms that may be present with or without respiratory symptoms. Very few children are likely to develop severe disease.Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. Though data are limited, antiviral therapies such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and other drugs like hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine have been used for severe COVID-19 cases, with remdesivir showing the greatest promise. A few children may develop an exaggerated immune response, characterized by exaggerated cytokine release and manifests with features similar to Kawasaki disease. The syndrome has been referred to by many names including pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) and more recently, as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); this life-threatening condition often requires a multidisciplinary team effort and use of immunomodulators.
Pharmacist Prescribing in Pediatric and Neonatal Acute Care: An Observational Study
Authors: Barton Amanda , Dersch-Mills Deonne , Saunders Sydney , Mysak Tania , Zuk Dalyce
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

The intent of this project was to objectively describe the frequency of pharmacist prescribing in acute care pediatrics and neonatology and to determine the medications most often prescribed by pharmacists practicing in a jurisdiction that permits pharmacists' prescribing.

METHODS

This was a subgroup analysis of a retrospective observational study using prescribing data from an electronic medical record system used in 5 acute care hospitals (1 pediatric, 4 primarily adult but with pediatric and neonatal units) within Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

RESULTS

Considering orders for pediatric or neonatal patients only, there was a mean (SD) of 126 (226) prescriptions per pharmacist per year, with a wide range (1–1101 per year). Considering only the 9 clinical pharmacist full-time equivalents (FTEs) assigned to pediatrics and/or neonatology (i.e., not including dispensary pharmacist FTE), this represents 572 prescriptions per clinical pharmacist FTE per year (726 in pediatrics and 380 in neonatology). The most common medication classes on pediatric units included anti-infective agents, central nervous system agents, and gastrointestinal agents. In NICUs, blood formation, coagulation and thrombosis agents (mainly iron), electrolytes, caloric and water balance agents (primarily sodium supplements), and vitamins were also commonly prescribed by pharmacists.

CONCLUSIONS

As the scope of pharmacy practice expands to include prescribing, health team leadership can use these data to support incorporation of this role into practice. Prescribing pharmacists can ensure appropriate use of many medications used in acutely ill infants and children, potentially improving efficiency and quality of care.
Evaluation of Two Fosphenytoin Loading Dose Regimens and Monitoring in Infants and Neonates Less Than Six Months of Age
Authors: Bohannon Kristin K. , Leung Noelle , Cook Aaron M. , Autry Elizabeth , Gibson Julia , Naranjo Valeria , Baumann Robert , Gardner Brian
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the study were to compare the free serum concentrations after different fosphenytoin loading dose strategies in patients younger than 6 months old and to investigate the frequency of seizure cessation following a loading dose of fosphenytoin.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included neonates and infants admitted to a 150-bed children's hospital between August 1, 2014, and February 1, 2018. Patients were included if they were younger than 6 months old and had a postload free phenytoin serum concentration collected during the specified time frame. Patients were identified through a database query screening for the inclusion criteria. Patients were separated into 2 groups with the 15 mg/kg group as per protocol and the 20 mg/kg group as noted in common practice. Data collection included demographic information, fosphenytoin dose, time of administration of the fosphenytoin loading dose, time of sampling, free phenytoin serum concentration results, concomitant antiepileptic agents, albumin serum concentration, and total bilirubin serum concentration.

RESULTS

Forty-one patients were included for analysis, 12 in the 15 mg/kg group and 29 in the 20 mg/kg group. The average free phenytoin concentration after the loading dose was 2.45 ± 0.54 mg/L in the 15 mg/kg group and 2.52 ± 0.66 mg/L in the 20 mg/kg group. Seizure cessation after the fosphenytoin loading dose was achieved in 3 of 12 (25%) patients in the 15 mg/kg group and in 13 of 29 (45%) patients in the 20 mg/kg group (p = 0.305).

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrates that a traditional range of fosphenytoin loading dose (15–20 mg/kg) led to elevated postloading dose free phenytoin serum concentrations in the majority of patients with a seizure cessation rate of approximately 39%. The question remains as to what the optimal dose and target concentration should be in this patient population to achieve the best efficacy without risking associated toxicities.
Real World Experience of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Eradication at an Urban Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center
Authors: Jablonski Lindsay , Lee Carlton K.K. , Rosenstein Beryl J. , Mogayzel Peter J. , Paranjape Shruti , Pan Alice
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES

Clinical practice guidelines for eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have been established, but current studies have not assessed how these guidelines translate into clinical practice. This study aimed to characterize the real-world eradication strategies, eradication rates, and microbiologic outcomes of patients with first acquisition of PA at an urban pediatric CF center.

METHODS

The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry was used to identify patients with CF who received care between January 2014 and September 2018 and had PA isolated from an airway culture. Patients were included if they had a first positive PA culture or the first positive culture in 2 years. Data regarding patient demographics, timing and results of airway cultures, and treatment regimens were collected.

RESULTS

Over a 3.75-year period, 75 patients had an initial positive culture for PA. Of those patients, 74 (98.7%) received eradication treatment. Tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) monotherapy was the most common regimen prescribed (52.7%) followed by TIS plus an oral fluoroquinolone (28.4%) (TIS + FQ). Of those treated, 62 (83.8%) patients had eradication of PA at first follow-up culture (median, 58 days; IQR, 49–77 days). Eradication rates (84.6% vs 76.2%, p = 0.421) and times to recurrence (6.37 months vs 5.1 months, p = 0.726) were comparable between TIS and TIS + FQ cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

The eradication rate for PA in clinical practice is similar to that published in the literature. Consistent with published guidelines, these microbiologic outcomes do not support the addition of an oral FQ to TIS for initial PA eradication.
Arrhythmogenic Antitussive: A Case of Pediatric Benzonatate Overdose With Torsades de Pointes, Cardiac Arrest, and Complete Recovery Without Neurologic Deficits
Authors: Billington Mary , Furmaga Jakub , Schaeffer Thomas
Published: September 2020

Benzonatate is a commonly prescribed antitussive with rapid and deadly effects in overdose. We report a 14-year-old female who ingested 14 capsules containing 200 mg benzonatate. Her case represents the only reported benzonatate overdose with torsades de pointes, as well as the only reported pediatric benzonatate ingestion complicated by cardiac arrest with full recovery.
Oseltamivir-Associated Supraventricular Tachycardia in an Infant
Authors: Bodo Emily C. , Boucher Elizabeth A. , Shultz Kelley H.
Published: September 2020

Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor that is labeled for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. We describe a previously healthy 4-month-old infant who tested positive for influenza A and was started on oseltamivir. One hour after receiving his first dose of oseltamivir, the infant had a diaphoretic episode and appeared grey and clammy. The infant was subsequently seen by the primary care physician and referred for admission to the hospital. Approximately 40 minutes after the second dose of oseltamivir in the hospital, the infant's heart rate rose to greater than 300 bpm. An electrocardiogram was suggestive of supraventricular tachycardia. At the time of the event, the infant received 2 doses of adenosine, and oseltamivir was discontinued prior to transfer to a tertiary facility for a higher level of care.
Remaking Berlin
Authors: Moss Timothy
Published: September 2020

An examination of Berlin's turbulent history through the lens of its water and energy infrastructures.

In Remaking Berlin, Timothy Moss takes a novel perspective on Berlin's turbulent twentieth-century history, examining it through the lens of its water and energy infrastructures. He shows that, through a century of changing regimes, geopolitical interventions, and socioeconomic volatility, Berlin's networked urban infrastructures have acted as medium and manifestation of municipal, national, and international politics and policies. Moss traces the coevolution of Berlin and its infrastructure systems from the creation of Greater Berlin in 1920 to remunicipalization of services in 2020, encompassing democratic, fascist, and socialist regimes. Throughout, he explores the tension between obduracy and change in Berlin's infrastructures. Examining the choices made by utility managers, politicians, and government officials, Moss makes visible systems that we often take for granted.

Moss describes the reorganization of infrastructure systems to meet the needs of a new unitary city after Berlin's incorporation in 1920, and how utilities delivered on political promises; the insidious embedding of repression, racism, autarky, and militarization within the networked city under the Nazis; and the resilience of Berlin's infrastructures during wartime and political division. He examines East Berlin's socialist infrastructural ideal (and its under-resourced systems), West Berlin's insular existence (and its aspirations of system autarky), and reunified Berlin's privatization of utilities (subsequently challenged by social movements). Taking Berlin as an exemplar, Moss's account will inspire researchers to take a fresh look at urban infrastructure histories, offering new ways of conceptualizing the multiple temporalities and spatialities of the networked city.
Bridging the Seas
Authors: Ferreiro Larrie D.
Published: September 2020

How the introduction of steam, iron, and steel required new rules and new ways of thinking for the design and building of ships.

In the 1800s, shipbuilding moved from sail and wood to steam, iron, and steel. The competitive pressure to achieve more predictable ocean transportation drove the industrialization of shipbuilding, as shipowners demanded ships that enabled tighter scheduling, improved performance, and safe delivery of cargoes. In Bridging the Seas, naval historian Larrie Ferreiro describes this transformation of shipbuilding, portraying the rise of a professionalized naval architecture as an integral part of the Industrial Age.

Picking up where his earlier book, Ships and Science, left off, Ferreiro explains that the introduction of steam, iron, and steel required new rules and new ways of thinking for designing and building ships. The characteristics of performance had to be first measured, then theorized. Ship theory led to the development of quantifiable standards that would ensure the safety and quality required by industry and governments, and this in turn led to the professionalization of naval architecture as an engineering discipline. Ferreiro describes, among other things, the technologies that allowed greater predictability in ship performance; theoretical developments in naval architecture regarding motion, speed and power, propellers, maneuvering, and structural design; the integration of theory into ship design and construction; and the emergence of a laboratory infrastructure for research.
Purkinje cell neurotransmission patterns cerebellar basket cells into zonal modules defined by distinct pinceau sizes
Authors: Zhou Joy , Brown Amanda M , Lackey Elizabeth P , Arancillo Marife , Lin Tao , Sillitoe Roy V
Published: September 2020

Ramón y Cajal proclaimed the neuron doctrine based on circuit features he exemplified using cerebellar basket cell projections. Basket cells form dense inhibitory plexuses that wrap Purkinje cell somata and terminate as pinceaux at the initial segment of axons. Here, we demonstrate that HCN1, Kv1.1, PSD95 and GAD67 unexpectedly mark patterns of basket cell pinceaux that map onto Purkinje cell functional zones. Using cell-specific genetic tracing with anAscl1CreERT2mouse conditional allele, we reveal that basket cell zones comprise different sizes of pinceaux. We tested whether Purkinje cells instruct the assembly of inhibitory projections into zones, as they do for excitatory afferents. Genetically silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission blocks the formation of sharp Purkinje cell zones and disrupts excitatory axon patterning. The distribution of pinceaux into size-specific zones is eliminated without Purkinje cell GABAergic output. Our data uncover the cellular and molecular diversity of a foundational synapse that revolutionized neuroscience.
Genome expansion in early eukaryotes drove the transition from lateral gene transfer to meiotic sex
Authors: Colnaghi Marco , Lane Nick , Pomiankowski Andrew
Published: September 2020

Prokaryotes acquire genes from the environment via lateral gene transfer (LGT). Recombination of environmental DNA can prevent the accumulation of deleterious mutations, but LGT was abandoned by the first eukaryotes in favour of sexual reproduction. Here we develop a theoretical model of a haploid population undergoing LGT which includes two new parameters, genome size and recombination length, neglected by previous theoretical models. The greater complexity of eukaryotes is linked with larger genomes and we demonstrate that the benefit of LGT declines rapidly with genome size. The degeneration of larger genomes can only be resisted by increases in recombination length, to the same order as genome size – as occurs in meiosis. Our results can explain the strong selective pressure towards the evolution of sexual cell fusion and reciprocal recombination during early eukaryotic evolution – the origin of meiotic sex.
Pregnancy success in mice requires appropriate cannabinoid receptor signaling for primary decidua formation
Authors: Li Yingju , Dewar Amanda , Kim Yeon Sun , Dey Sudhansu K , Sun Xiaofei
Published: September 2020

With implantation, mouse stromal cells begin to transform into epithelial-like cells surrounding the implantation chamber forming an avascular zone called the primary decidual zone (PDZ). In the mouse, the PDZ forms a transient, size-dependent permeable barrier to protect the embryo from maternal circulating harmful agents. The process of decidualization is critical for pregnancy maintenance in mice and humans. Mice deficient in cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, show compromised PDZ with dysregulated angiogenic factors, resulting in the retention of blood vessels and macrophages. This phenotype is replicated inCnr1-/-but not inCnr2-/-mice. In vitro decidualization models suggest thatCnr1levels substantially increase in mouse and human decidualizing stromal cells, and that neutralization of CB1 signaling suppresses decidualization and misregulates angiogenic factors. Taken together, we propose that implantation quality depends on appropriate angiogenic events driven by the integration of CB2 in endothelial cells and CB1 in decidual cells.
Loss of inner kinetochore genes is associated with the transition to an unconventional point centromere in budding yeast
Authors: Vijay Nagarjun
Published: September 2020

Background

The genomic sequences of centromeres, as well as the set of proteins that recognize and interact with centromeres, are known to quickly diverge between lineages potentially contributing to post-zygotic reproductive isolation. However, the actual sequence of events and processes involved in the divergence of the kinetochore machinery is not known. The patterns of gene loss that occur during evolution concomitant with phenotypic changes have been used to understand the timing and order of molecular changes.

Methods

I screened the high-quality genomes of twenty budding yeast species for the presence of well-studied kinetochore genes. Based on the conserved gene order and complete genome assemblies, I identified gene loss events. Subsequently, I searched the intergenic regions to identify any un-annotated genes or gene remnants to obtain additional evidence of gene loss.

Results

My analysis identified the loss of four genes (NKP1, NKP2, CENPL/IML3 and CENPN/CHL4) of the inner kinetochore constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN/also known as CTF19 complex in yeast) in both the Naumovozyma species for which genome assemblies are available. Surprisingly, this collective loss of four genes of the CCAN/CTF19 complex coincides with the emergence of unconventional centromeres inN. castelliiandN. dairenensis. My study suggests a tentative link between the emergence of unconventional point centromeres and the turnover of kinetochore genes in budding yeast.
Learning Management Systems through Moodle and Google Classroom for Education
Authors: Vasanth Sempavalan , Sumathi C. S.
Published: September 2020

Information and Communication Technologies have become more prevalent in the last few years and has made a great impact on society. Worldwide, a lot of education programs offer new forms of education that are frequently supported by information and communication technology (ICT) to cater to young minds. E-learning in particular has been adopted by educational institutions all over the world and it is being used as a part of “blended learning” where it is incorporated into systems along with traditional classroom learning. Nowadays, it has become more relevant than ever due to the COVID-19 pandemic that the world is facing. Although these systems differ from classroom learning, they allow easy communication among teachers and students at any time necessary and provide an entire repository for students to use. For teachers, it acts as an environment for creating courses, assignments, giving feedback and grading students. In this paper, two such E-learning platforms namely Moodle and Google Classroom are compared and contrasted based on their usability and simplicity.
Design, Construction, and Testing of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Charge Controller for Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation
Authors: Madububa B. I. , Mbagwu JP. C. , Isiohia D. O.
Published: September 2020

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller is designed for using an easy and effective way to charge a 12v battery and a laptop charger of 19v simultaneously through the principle of the bulk-boost converter. This research work is suitable for 150W solar panels, as the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of Photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with variation in atmospheric conduction, an important consideration in the research work is the efficience of PV systems to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) correctly. It enhances battery life by providing higher efficiency to it. The efficiency of the research work was calculated from the power dissipated, and also calculated the point at which the battery extracts maximum power from the PV module. As the work was tested, the voltage and current were obtained which was used to plot the voltage-current and voltage-power characteristics curve. Though a lot of works have been published on this topic, but none has researched on MPPT that can charge both 12v battery and 19v laptop charger simultaneously. Hence, this work is aimed at researching on Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) that will be able to perform the above mentioned features. Also, it is the objective of this work to compare the theoretical and experimental relationship between MPPT and PWM charge controller which the efficiency of the MPPT was calculated theoretically to be 97% while, experimentally we obtained it as 91.1% while for PWM the efficiency was calculated theoretically as 75% and experimentally as 70.4% which shows that MPPT charge controller is approximately 30% efficient more than the PWM charge controller.
Effects of 6-Weeks Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise on CD4 Count, Bone Mineral Density and Weight of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Ebonyi State
Authors: Ijego Asogwa, Eucharia , Ifeanyi Obeagu, Emmanuel , Suoton Ekine, Rupee , Okwy Asogwa, Okwudilichukwu , Amaeze Amaeze, Augustine , Ngozi Amaeze, Florence , Ochie Kalu, , Ada Orizu, Ifeoma , Chukwuebuka Abraham, John , Chukwu Odochi, Ogbu
Published: September 2020

The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of 6 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercises on CD4 count, bone mineral density and weight of people living with HIV/AIDS in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Ebonyi State. The study adopted experimental research design. The study was carried out form year 2019-February 2020. The population of the study was 40 HIV/AIDS patients that attended HIV clinics at AE-FUTHA which formed the sample size after two subjects declined from the control group in the study. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. Flowcytometery (Partec Cyflow counter) Germany, Heel Densitometer (X-rite 331C), and Omron BF 400 were the instrument used for data collection of CD4 counts, BMD and weight respectively. Mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data obtained.  The instruments were not validated because they are standard. The reliability coefficient obtained from the pilot study was 0.848, 0.835 and 0.994 for CD4, BMD and WEIGHT respectively. The major findings revealed that MIAE had positive effect on CD4 counts and BMD but negative effect on weight.
Ultracompact Lens‐Less “Spectrometer in Fiber” Based on Chirped Filament‐Array Gratings
Authors: Rahnama Abdullah , Mahmoud Aghdami Keivan , Kim Young Hwan , Herman Peter R.
Published: September 2020

Femtosecond laser irradiation is applied to a single‐mode optical fiber to embed a filament array through the silica cladding and guiding core and form chirped Bragg gratings. Unlike a planar‐shaped refractive index modification, the long and uniform filament facilitates efficient optical scattering into azimuthally narrowed radiation modes, external and transverse to the fiber cladding. Chirping of the grating period further provides spectral focusing. The combined spectral and azimuthal focusing permits lens‐less recording of bright and high‐resolution spectra spanning across most of the visible band with a low‐cost charged coupled device camera. The flexible point‐by‐point writing enables fiber tapping of light with engineered spectral and geometric focusing properties, permitting the design of new compact photonic devices based on the all‐fiber spectrometer.
High Oxygen Evolution Activity of Tungsten Bronze Oxides Boosted by Anchoring of Co2+ at Nb5+ Sites Accompanied by Substantial Oxygen Vacancy
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Liu Huan , Sun Yanhua , Zhu Liuyang , Yin Xiaofeng , Sun Shujie , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin , Wang Xiaolin , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: September 2020

The participation of lattice oxygen in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process has been proved to be faster in kinetics than the mechanisms where only metal is involved, although activating the lattice oxygen in the traditional rigid structures remains a big challenge. In this work, efforts are devoted to exploring a new flexible structure that is competent in providing large amounts of oxygen vacancies as well as offering the freedom to manipulate the electronic structure of metal cations. This is demonstrated by anchoring low valence state Co at high valence state Nb sites in the tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB)‐structured Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2‐xCoxO6‐δ, with different ratios of Co to Nb to optimize the Co substitution proportion. It is found that the occupation of Co in the Nb5+ sites gives rise to the generation of massive surface oxygen vacancies (Ovac), while Co itself is stabilized in Co2+ by adjacent Ovac. The coexistence of Ovac and LS Co2+ enables an oxygen intercalation mechanism in the optimal SBNC45 with specific activity at 1.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode that is 20 times higher than for the commercial IrO2. This work illuminates an entirely new avenue to rationally design OER electrocatalysts with ultrafast kinetics.