bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Joshua 7:1–5 through the lens of social contagion liability
Authors: Odo Damian O. , Human Dirk J.
Published: September 2024

Scholars of the Old Testament affirm that the book of Joshua through 2nd Kings is collectively called the deuteronomistic history. The literary unit of Joshua 7:1–5 is one the Locus Classicus of Old Testament. Obedience to God’s instruction underscores the theological intentionality expressed in this unified segment of Old Testament literature. This ancient Israelite literary exposition exposes inter-alia the misfortune that besets the entire people of Israel as a result of Achan’s moral transgression. The consequence of Achan’s antisocial behaviour was so contagious that it spread across to the entire populace of Israel as they were humiliated and defeated in a battle by the warriors of Ai. This pericope has been studied in various perspectives by commentators and scholars of the Old Testament; however, a survey of available literature shows that it has not been explored by scholars from the orbit of social contagion liability. Therefore, this article intends to engage the literary unit, employing the lens of social contagion liabilityIntradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study engaged the literary unit of Joshua 7:1–5 from the orbit of social contagion liability. It argues that Achan’s anti-social behaviour spread to the entire populace of Israel and got them contaminated and exposed to misfortune because it has the characteristics of social contagion liability. The study contributed to Old Testament Exegesis, sociology and social contagion study.
О положительных неподвижных точках оператора типа Гаммерштейна с вырожденным ядром и мерах Гиббса
Authors: Mavlonov Ismoil Muradulla ugli , Khushvaktov Nuriddin Kholbaevich , Arzikulov Galibzhon Pardaevich , Khaidarov Farkhod Khalimzhonovich
Published: September 2024

Известно, что трансляционно-инвариантные меры Гиббса в модели с несчетным множеством значений спина можно найти, определив положительные неподвижные точки нелинейного интегрального оператора типа Гаммерштейна. Ранее были получены основные результаты о положительных неподвижных точках оператора типа Гаммерштейна с вырожденными ядрами, но не доказано существование мер Гиббса, соответствующих неподвижным точкам для данных ядер. В контексте теории мер Гиббса построены новые вырожденные ядра оператора Гаммерштейна и показано, что каждая положительная неподвижная точка оператора дает трансляционно-инвариантную меру Гиббса.
Extract of Red Okra Pod (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Chemoprevents N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells Damage
Authors: Achhlam Divany Hunaimatul , Wahyuningsih Sri Puji Astuti , Hapsari Lukiteswari Dyah Tri , Soepriandono Hari , Dewi Firli Rahmah Primula
Published: September 2024

N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) is a compound that induces oxidative stress resulting in high levels of oxidants and damage to body cells. Red okra contains polyphenol and flavonoid active ingredients as antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the effect of ethanol extract of red okra pods (ROPE) on oxidant levels, antioxidant enzymes, and damage to rat kidney proximal tubule cells due to NMU. This study used 30 rats divided into six treatment groups, namely CN (normal), N (negative control; MNU 50 mg/kg BW), P (positive control; MNU and MTX 50 mg/kg BW), T1 (MNU and ROPE 50 mg/kg BW), T2 (MNU and ROPE 100 mg/kg BW), and T3 (MNU and ROPE 200 mg/kg BW). The treatment was carried out on all groups after eight weeks. The results indicate that malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrogen oxide (NO) decrease with the ROPE treatment. The glutathione reductase (GSH) activity as an antioxidant enzyme increased T1 and T2, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed an increase in T2 and T3. Furthermore, the biochemical marker of the rat kidney showed lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) levels in all treatment groups. Then, the repair of damaged proximal tubule cells showed an increase in normal cells and lower swollen cells; however, there was a degradation in necrotic cells in T2 and T3. It can be indicated that the ROPE can act as an antioxidant that can reduce MDA and NO levels, increase GSH and GPx levels, and reduce damage to proximal renal tubule cells due to MNU.
The Effect of Enhancing Ulvan's Antioxidant Properties in Supplemented Diets on Accelerating The Phenoloxidase Immune Response in White Shrimp
Authors: Azhar Nuril , Yudiati Ervia , Ambariyanto  , Trianto Agus
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the total phenol content (TPC) and DPPH inhibition of ulvan from Ulva lactuca, along with its supplementation effects on the specific growth rate (SGR) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Ulva lactuca samples were processed to obtain four ulvan extracts using different methods such as P-HWE (Polysaccharide-Hot Water Extract), O-HWE (Oligosaccharide-Hot Water Extract), P-A-HWE (Polysaccharide-Acid-Hot Water Extract), and O-A-HWE (Oligosaccharide-Acid-Hot Water Extract). The U. lactuca powder was treated with 80% ethanol overnight, then centrifuged and dried. Depigmented U. lactuca was extracted with water (65°C, 2 hours), and polysaccharides were precipitated with 99% ethanol, yielding P-HWE. P-HWE was heated at 145°C for 4.5 hours to yield O-HWE. Another extraction after depigmentation, using water containing H2O2 and ascorbic acid (65°C, 2 hours), precipitated P-A-HWE, which was dried and heated to yield O-A-HWE. FTIR analysis provided insights into the chemical composition and structural characteristics of ulvan extracts. TPC and DPPH inhibition were measured spectrophotometrically, and PO activity using a colorimetric assay with L-DOPA. Ulvan supplementation in shrimp feed was evaluated for growth and immune response. Results showed significant differences in TPC, DPPH inhibition, and PO activity among extracts, with O-A-HWE having the highest phenol content and DPPH inhibition. Ulvan supplementation significantly influenced the SGR of L. vannamei, with the highest SGR in the O-A-HWE treatment. This study suggests that ulvan extracts, especially O-A-HWE, could be effective natural immunostimulants for enhancing the health and growth of L. vannamei, warranting further research to optimize extraction methods and understand the underlying mechanisms.
3D Culture Cells Technique for Exosomes Isolation of HEK293 and its Application on WiDr Cells
Authors: Audina Mia , Mariya Silmi , Zaelani Bella Fatima Dora , Yuliana  , Darusman Huda Shalahudin
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) culture is a technique commonly utilized in bioprocessing and biomedical research. Exosomes have been investigated as carriers for medications in numerous studies employing 3D culture methodologies. The objective of this research is to employ 3D cell culture for the isolation and treatment of exosomes targeting colon cancer cells. The isolation of exosomes obtained from HEK293 cells was conducted through the ultracentrifugation technique. Subsequently, exosome treatment was administered to WiDr cells at concentrations of 3.5 µg/ml, 7 µg/ml, and 14 µg/ml.The validation of molecular markers of exosomes (CD9 and CD81), along with BAX, BCL-2, and CD133, was performed using qRT-PCR. The findings revealed the successful isolation of exosomes derived from HEK293 cells, which exhibited the expression of markers CD9 and CD81. Furthermore, the expression of BAX and BCL-2 indicated the potential of exosomes to induce apoptosis, while the expression level of CD133 decreased with treatment at varying concentrations. These results suggest that exosome treatment has the capability to impede the proliferation of WiDr cells and reduce the expression of CD133, thereby signifying the potential application of exosomes as an in-vitro model for investigating cancer therapy in the future.
Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) Skin Microstructure: Histochemical and Morphometrical Studies of Fiber Type Characteristics (Histochemistry Fiber Skin Water Monitor)
Authors: Prawira Andhika Yudha , Phadmacanty Ni Luh Putu Rischa , Semiadi Gono , Kurniati Hellen , Trilaksono Wahyu , Yulianto  , Nurhidayat  , Agungpriyono Srihadi
Published: September 2024

Global demand for the water monitor’s skin, Varanus salvator, has made it a valuable wildlife commodity. Leathercraft manufacturing must consider not only beauty but also the strength and flexibility of the leather, which is determined by its structure in the skin. Therefore, this study analyzed and evaluated the fiber type characteristic of the water monitor’s skin. Skin samples were collected from 10 Sumatra water monitors with a Snout-Vent Length size of 39-89 cm and were divided into small (39-59 cm) and large (60-89 cm) groups. The skins from the dorsocervical, lumbosacral, and ventral regions were proceeded for histological sections. Histochemical approaches utilized were Hematoxylin Eosin, Picrosirius Red, and Elastin Verhoeff’s Hematoxylin staining methods. Thick fibers are the main component in the skin, ranging from 69-73%, respectively, while thin fibers varied greatly and were observed predominantly in the reticular dermis. Fiber size in the reticular dermis of small lizards was lower than that of larger ones. Elastic fibers were observed abundantly at the border of the reticular dermis and subcutaneous layer in both small and large lizards. Moreover, the skin of the small-sized lizard also has a lower morphometric than that of a large-sized lizard, both in thickness and fiber type percentage. Therefore, the skin of small-sized lizards was considered less tough than that of large-sized lizards.
Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria from Melon Root and Evaluation of Their Antagonistic Activity Against Acidovorax citrulli
Authors: Novitasari Ayu , Desnurvia Riza , Indrayanti Reni
Published: September 2024

Endophytic bacteria are a potential biocontrol agent to control plant diseases. Controlling plant disease using bactericides has negative impacts, including the death of other organisms on plants. This research aimed to identify potential endophytic bacteria from melon roots for biocontrol against Acidovorax citrulli, the pathogen causing Bacterial Fruit Blotch (BLB) disease in the Cucurbitaceae family. A total of 11 endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy melon roots. The isolates exhibited similar colony morphology with white, circular, convex elevation. Physiology and biochemistry tests revealed 8 isolates as Gram-negative and catalase-positive, while the remaining 3 were identified as Gram-positive and catalase-negative. A fluorescence test on King's B media indicated that the Gram-negative isolates could belong to the Pseudomonas genus. This study also confirmed Acidovorax sp. cultures isolated from infected melon plants many years ago as A. citrulli. Assessment of pathogenicity in the melon plants showed that A. citrulli isolate N2 was the most pathogenic. Based on the in vitro inhibition test, all the Gram-negative isolates formed inhibition zones ranging from 1.94-4.41 mm, suggesting their potential to inhibit the growth of A. citrulli. The EB6 isolate exhibited the highest inhibition zone at 4.41 mm ±0.28. five of the eight isolates tested (EA1, EB1, EB3, EB4, and EB6) did not exhibit any Hypersensitive Response (HR) reaction in the tobacco leaves, thus can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent against BLB disease in melon plants. Further studies are required to determine the species identity of the isolates and explore their application as biocontrol agents.
Application of the leaves of Phellodendron amurense on new type of foods (novel food)
Authors: Suido Hirohisa , Asada Shoji , Arabas Iwona
Published: September 2024

Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr., “Kihada” in Japanese) has been one of the most important medicinal raw materials in Japan since ancient times, used in various mixed oriental herbal medicines (mainly gastrointestinal), e.g. “Sankogan”.

We researched the leaves of Phellodendron amurense as a material for a new type of food (health-promoting food), in terms of ingredients and its property, suitability for food processing and acceptability for consumers. After cutting off, the leaves were so quickly steamed (for enzyme inactivation), freeze-dried, and turned to powder (up to 0.1 mm in diameter). Finally, they were packed and stored in the refrigerator. An analysis revealed that there is no caffeine in the leaves, and they are safer than coffee, black tea, green tea, and chocolate. However, they contain a high content of calcium, folic acid, dietary fi ber, polyphenols, ß-carotene, and lutein. Also, we found that a 50% ethanol extract of the leaves had an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans (a cariogenic bacterium), comparable to that of green tea. We have been trying to develop food products using the leaves, such as cakes, cookies, and teas. The leaves did not change their original green color even after baking. Any problem couldn’t be observed before or after mixing, dissolving, baking, etc., necessary for manufacturing sweets. Preliminary sensory test revealed that tested sweets were all well accepted, and there was no complaint above the color, taste and flavor.

We are going to develop also other foods and drinks for pregnant women, children, and elderly people.
Zawartość substancji aktywnych w różnych częściach użytkowych trzech gatunków czosnków
Authors: Jędrszczyk Elżbieta , Fira Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Common garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the oldest medicinal and spice plants in the world. The most popular and commonly used consumer part are onions, but the leaves and inflorescence are gaining more and more interest among consumers, especially in Asian countries. Wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) is a wild plant in Poland, used because of the leaves. They are used mainly for salads and as seasoning for meat, which increases the assortment and vegetable diversity in the kitchen. Its bulbs and infl orescence shoots are also edible. Elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum) is not very widespread in Poland. This species is becoming popular in the United States because of its mild taste and smell, which creates it as alternative to common garlic.

The aim of the study was to compare chemical composition and the content of active compounds in leaves, infl orescences and onions of three tested garlic species.
“Sognando mui exiláo”: Avía un río de Gustavo Mujica y Vivian Scheihing
Authors: Singler Christoph
Published: September 2024

: ¿Cómo apreciar la relación entre escritura e imagen en los libros de artistas contemporáneos? A lo largo del siglo XX ha habido un intento por deshacerse de la tutela discursiva por parte de los pintores que ya no se contentan con “ilustrar” el texto sino que aportan nuevas dimensiones para conformar un objeto nuevo. En este artículo, me propongo reflexionar sobre la interacción entre el arte visual y la escritura en Avía un río, poemario de Gustavo Mujica acompañado de imágenes de Vivian Scheihing. Mujica, “El Grillo”, inventa un lenguaje en el que resuenan otras lenguas, espacios y tiempos, que mantiene a raya la profunda desazón del exiliado. La pintora comparte esta experiencia. En sus dibujos responde a fragmentos del texto a la vez que introduce motivos personales, en concordancia con la tonalidad del poemario. A un texto navegando entre lo cósmico y mundos en descomposición, responden unos dibujos donde se dan a ver los signos de un viaje entre nostálgico y sin rumbo, pero con una misión: anotar “neoencuentros” y “buscar presencia i vida”
Autoría compleja: museo, archivos, laboratorio
Authors: Mendoza Juan J.
Published: September 2024

Entre los años 2006 y 2010, Reinaldo Laddaga publicó Estética de la emergencia y Estética de laboratorio, dos libros especialmente abocados a una reflexión profunda sobre los modos de comprender la teoría y la crítica literaria aplicadas no solo a los textos literarios sino también a las obras de arte, el cine y otros dispositivos culturales. Sensible a una nueva “cultura de las artes”, el concepto de Laddaga de “autoría compleja” de inmediato se reveló como una noción particularmente productiva para comprender una serie de obras artísticas del siglo XXI. De hecho, el propio Laddaga ensayó formas de arte y de “literatura compleja”, en coautoría  -siguiendo sus propias formulaciones- con Borges, Bioy Casares, Jean de Mandeville, Thomas de Quincey, Raymond Russel o Herman Melville. A casi veinte años del primero de esos libros y a más de una década del segundo, el presente trabajo rescata la productividad de las elaboraciones teóricas de Laddaga a la luz no solo de su propia producción literaria, sino también en diálogo con otras obras particularmente sensibles a las ideas de este autor.
Fotografía, retrato y descripción en la correspondencia de Arthur Rimbaud desde Abisinia
Authors: Louis Annick
Published: September 2024

En este artículo analizaremos la relación del poeta Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891) con la fotografía, comenzando por una interrogación acerca del corpus de fotografías tomadas por él, y las que le son atribuidas. Rimbaud decide la adquisición de un aparato fotográfico para realizar imágenes con las que desea comerciar, en 1881, cuando trabaja y vive en Abisinia, y ha abandonado la poesía. Un segundo propósito consiste en utilizar la cámara de fotos para la exploración geográfica, y convertirse así en explorador profesional, financiado por la Sociedad de Geografía. Sus fotografías plantean el problema del retrato y del autorretrato, así como el de la descripción, problemáticas que aparecen igualmente en sus cartas de la época.
Grammatik und Literatur(unterricht).: Eine etwas andere Einführung in Form einer Beispielsammlung
Authors: Mesch Birgit , Spinner Kaspar H.
Published: September 2024

‚Literatursprache‘ – Der Ausdruck steht für sprachlich bewusst gestaltete Sprache, für literarästhetische Literatur. Er löst ein, was in der Praxis noch nicht so gut gelingt: die Zusammenführung von Literatur- und Sprachbetrachtung. Der Band setzt sich zum Ziel, anhand einer Beispielsammlung von Texten zu den drei großen Genres Lyrik, Epik und Drama sowie weiterer Subgenres eine Einführung zu geben, wie man Grammatik und Literatur zusammendenken kann. Insofern verfolgt die Einführung einen interdisziplinären Ansatz, der insbesondere angehenden und praktizierenden Deutschlehrkräften an Schule und Universität anhand des Beispieltools und zahlreichen Übungen mit Lösungsvorschlägen vor Augen führt, wie man mit der Machart literarästhetischer Texte auch sprachsensibel umgehen kann.
An Indigenous 3D Layered Printing Technology for Low Cost Housing
Authors: Dahake Swajayee A. , Waje Manisha G.
Published: September 2024

In the last four decades, there has been a decrease in natural building material resources, viz. wood, timber, bamboo, and roofing material. Due to the infrequent availability of the above material, house-builders’ occupations are becoming more and more difficult. Due to the contrast between rainfall-runoff on farms and villages, people prefer to come to metros for jobs, where they require economic shelter. Hence, we have to apply the recent and fast techniques to build homes for low-income families; it will create a socio-economic impact on the country and make India self-reliant. Here is an attempt to present an indigenous idea of applying 3D printing technology for low-cost housing for low-income families of India who reside in slum areas in metros and villages. The 3D printing technology is used at the Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, to build a home and at Bangalore to build a post office, which is a very economical and speedy construction.
Effectiveness of Risk Management through Risk Maturity Measurement: A Study at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia
Authors: Utami Lestari , Djunita Pasaribu Rina
Published: September 2024

Research aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management at Pelindo post-merger and measure its risk management maturity level. Moreover, the study intends to offer relevant recommendations for the company in developing risk management strategies and implementation. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study strategy, wherein the researcher analyzes an organization as the unit of analysis in a non-contrived setting, reflecting a natural environment without manipulation. Data collection techniques include interviews and document analysis, while data analysis follows the Miles and Huberman model with four main components: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Research findings:  The study's findings indicate that the risk management maturity level at Pelindo post-merger is at the good practice phase, scoring 2.94 from the dimension and performance aspects assessment. Recommendations for improvement include enhancing risk culture, improving the effectiveness of risk management functions, and aligning risk strategy with the ERM transformation plan to increase the effectiveness and compliance of risk management. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research makes a theoretical contribution by assessing the level of risk management maturity in the context of mergers among state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia's maritime industry. It uses measurement methods tailored to regulations from the Ministry of SOEs, providing a reference for other companies seeking to develop effective risk management strategies. Practitioners/Policy Implications:  This research suggests that organizations should strengthen risk culture responsibilities in job descriptions at all levels, as well as adopt technology and automation for real-time risk monitoring to enhance risk management effectiveness and ensure alignment with corporate strategy. Research Limitations/Implications:  The limitations of this study primarily stem from restricted access to internal and sensitive data, which constrains the depth of analysis and hampers comparison with industry best practices.
STORIES WHICH CHANGE THE WORLD – COMMUNICATION OF MUSEUM CONTENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE “EVOLUTION” EXHIBITION
Authors:   Natural History Museum (Belgrade), Serbia, Vukojević Simka
Published: September 2024

Communication of museum content (objects, information and knowledge, ideas) implies different types of adaptation so that it can be understood by different groups of visitors. Adaptation processes – activities and reflections on the question of which museum objects to display and which to leave out (exhibition content), how to present them, organize them and with what message (exhibition goals), begin at the very beginning of the creation of the exhibition, and aim to facilitate the process of understanding certain content. Here, the direction of the museum towards the visitors and its primarily cultural and educational activity, in addition to the pronounced scientific research and protection activities, are clearly recognized. After the installation of the exhibition, as the basic activity through which museum communication is realized, additional programs prepared for the audience aim to turn a fixed exhibition into a flexible learning situation, and to make the visit a relevant and meaningful experience for different groups of visitors. This paper presents a presentation of the methodology of creating such a program, i.e. a presentation of the development and methodology of group guidance on the example of the exhibition “Evolution” in the Natural History Museum in Belgrade. “Evolution” is an interdisciplinary exhibition that thematically covered various fields of biological and geological sciences. Through original exhibits, models, replicas, illustrations, textual representations, etc. the audience was introduced to the key concepts that were discussed at the exhibition – natural selection, the concept of species in biology, the process of inheritance, variation, adaptation, types of evolution, modern and extinct plant and animal species, fossils, hominids, human evolution.
Enterovirus und weitere durch engen Kontakt übertragbare Viren post SARS-CoV-2: Rückkehr der Virusinfektionen
Authors: Gürtler Lutz G.
Published: September 2024

Durch die Schutzmaßnahmen während der Coronavirus-Pandemie wurde nicht nur die Übertragung von Sars-CoV-2, sondern auch die Übertragung vieler weiterer leicht übertragbarer Erreger unterbunden. Dies führte insbesondere bei Kindern zu einer mangelnden Immunität gegen verschiedene Viren. Inzwischen haben die Infektionszahlen das Vor-Pandemie-Niveau wieder erreicht.
Fachkräftemangel bei den Medizinischen Technolog:innen für Laboratoriumsanalytik (MTL): Wie tief ist die Schnittwunde?
Authors: Maschek Christiane
Published: September 2024

Viele Labore haben aktuell Probleme, frei werdende Stellen von Medizinischen Technolog:innen neu zu besetzen. Glaubt man dem Gutachten des Deutschen Krankenhausinstituts, wird sich die Situation bis zum Jahr 2030 noch weiter verschärfen. Das Gesetz für Medizinische Technolog:innen in der Laboratoriumsanalytik stellt Labore vor große Herausforderungen, bietet aber auch Chancen, dem Fachkräftemangel entgegenzuwirken. Ein gemeinsames Handeln von Laboratorien als Ausbildungsbetrieben, der Berufsfachschulen für Medizinische Technolog:innen und der Politik wäre in diesem Kontext sehr wünschenswert.
ESTIMASI KARBON TERSIMPAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) VARIETAS SOCFINDO PADA KELAS KESESUAIAN LAHAN S3 DI KEBUN AEK TOROP PTPN III
Authors: Aries Sukariawan  , Havier Situmorang  , Aulia Juanda  , Mardiana Wahyuni
Published: September 2024

The expansion of oil palm plantations has led to debate over the negative impacts on soil fertility, hydrology, biodiversity and global warming. Climate change occurs due to changes in the composition of the atmosphere, mainly due to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The usefulness of photosynthesis using CO2 is important to note. The purpose of this study is to measure / estimate the stored carbon absorbed by the 13-year-old Socfindo palm oil plant in the land suitability class S3. The study was conducted in May to June 2019 at PT Aek Torop Kebun III. Using descriptive design with Destructive and Non-Destructive methods based on ICRAF. The parameters are Above Surface Biomass (BAP) and Substance Biomass (BTB). The results showed that the oil palm surface surface biomass (BAP) at the age of 13 years was 117,855 tons / ha. The results of observations of Undergrowth Biomass (BTB) are 0.392 Ton / ha, the potential carbon stored is 54.394 Ton C / Ha and carbon dioxide absorption is 199.625 Ton CO2 / Ha.
BIOMASSA HIJAUAN Mucuna bracteata DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KADAR N TANAH DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Mardiana Wahyuni
Published: September 2024

Mucuna bracteata is one of the legume cover crop that is usually used in oil palm and rubber plantations. In general, legume cover crop are planted during the preparation / after land clearing when the oil palm are planted, Mucuna bracteata has covered the planting area. Mucuna bracteata growth conditions will affect soil biological properties, namely organic nutrient content, C/N balance, microbial population and macro-fauna activity. This study aimed to describe the soil and Mucuna bracteata plants in the phase of oil palm plants. The study was conducted in April - June 2019 in the area of ​​TBM 3 oil palm plantations in 2 locations, namely Pabatu Plantation and Tinjowan Plantation. Soil types in Pabatu Plantation are typic dystrudepts (Reddish Brown Podsolik) and in Tinjowan Plantation the type of soil is typic hapludults (Yellowish Red Podsolik) and some typic paleudults (Yellow Podsolik). This study used a descriptive design that describes the growth character / biomass of Mucuna bracteata on TBM 3 oil palm plantations. The results of this study are the fresh biomass of Mucuna bracteata in Pabatu Plantation is 43,260 kg / ha and Tinjowan Plantation is 34,146 kg / ha (79%) and dry biomass is 13,943 kg / ha in Pabatu Plantation and 12,705 kg / ha in Tinjowan Plantation. The levels of N leaves of Mucuna bracteata are in the high category. Soil organic matter content and total N in Pabatu and Tinjowan Plantation are in the low category.
KERAGAMAN GULMA PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) BELUM MENGHASILKAN DAN SUDAH MENGHASILKAN DI KEBUN RAMBUTAN PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA III
Authors: Ahmad Saleh  , M. Yusuf Dibisono  , Sabar Ukur Gea
Published: September 2024

Gulma merupakan tanaman yang merugikan karena dapat bersaing dengan tanaman kelapa sawit. Pertumbuhan gulma dapat mengurangi produksi tandan buah sawit mencapai 20%. Gulma tidak hanya bersaing dalam mengambil nutrisi tetapi juga menghasilkan zat allelopathic yang beracun bagi kelapa sawit. Inventarisasi dan mengetahui dominasi spesies gulma diperlukan dalam pengelolaan pengendalian gulma yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keanekaragaman gulma di beberapa area yang berbeda tahun tanam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan pada dua area yang menghasilkan (18 tahun dan 8 tahun) dan area belum menghasilkan (1 tahun) dengan metode observasi langsung. Setiap area tanam dibuat dari 2 petak besar dengan ukuran 20 mx 60 m pada sela tanaman sawit, kemudian di dalamnya dibuat 6 petak kecil dengan ukuran 2 x 2 m. Data dianalisis dengan SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) untuk menentukan spesies gulma yang dominan. Keragaman gulma dari masing-masing area bervariasi, terdapat 29 spesies gulma dan 20 famili, namun, terdapat 5 spesies gulma yang ditemukan di semua area penelitian; O. nodusa, Poaceae; C. kyllingia, Cyperaceae; A. comressus, Poaceae; P. Niruri, Phyllanthaceae; A. spinous, Amaranthaceae. Gulma yang dominan di area yang belum menghasilkan adalah E. indica, Poaceae sedangkan di daerah menghasilkan adalah O. nodosa, Poaceae.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI BIOINSEKTISIDA Bacillus thuringiensis DALAM MENGENDALIKAN HAMA ULAT KANTONG (Metisa plana) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Luqiyarrohman  , Aulia Rahmawati
Published: September 2024

Oil palm is an important asset of Indonesian plantations. Problems in cultivation are mainly bagworm (Metisa plana) attacks that reduce growth by eating oil palm leaves and reducing yields. To overcome this problem, the application of bioinsecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a substitute for chemical pesticides. Bt produces toxic crystalline proteins that target the insect's gutreceptors, so it does not harm non-target organisms. The research was conducted in Teluk Panji IV Village, North Sumatra. The research design used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates for seven days. The treatments were the use of Bt at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 grams per liter. This study aims to assess the dose of Bt application as a sustainable pest management strategy in oil palm cultivation. The results showed that the treatment of Bt doses (0.5 g/L, 10 g/L, 15g/L, and 20 g/L had no significant effect on each observation variable. Symptoms of bagworm infestation included decreased appetite and movement within 24 hours after application, followed by discoloration and dark brown discharge between days 3 to 5,which eventually led to death and decay. Although the treatment results were not significant, the use of Bt bioinsecticide can still be used to control bagworm pests because some bagworms in this study died There were 51 caterpillars with the highest mortality at 20 g/l concentration.
STUDI EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN POLA PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN KARET (Pestalotiopsis sp.) PADA TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Poppy Fitria  , Ivan Alvianus Simangunsong  , Habib Handoko  , Nurliana  , Friska Anggraini Barus
Published: September 2024

Pestalotiopsis sp. is one of the important pathogens in plantation crops in Indonesia that can cause significant damage, especially in oil palm and rubber plantations. This paper aims to examine the characteristics, distribution patterns, and impact of Pestalotiopsis sp. on various plantation crops, with a focus on rubber plants. Morphologically, Pestalotiopsis sp. It has an asexual form in the form of a pycnidium and a sexual form in the form of a peritis. Symptoms of the attack are characterized by the presence of spots on the leaves that develop into blight and can lead to excessive defoliation. The research method used in this writing is a journal review. The distribution pattern of pestalotiopsis sp. in rubber plants includes spatial, vertical and temporal distribution. A deep understanding of the epidemiology and patterns of the spread of the disease is key to developing effective control strategies to minimize the impact of losses on plantation crop production.
PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Herlina Anggriani Marbun  , Giyanto  , Hardiansyah Sinaga
Published: September 2024

Fluctuations in fuel prices stimulate efforts to find alternative energy that is environmentally friendly. The processing of oil palm plantations produces waste or quite a lot of products ± 23% of the weight of fresh fruit bunches. Utilization of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) as biobriquettes was chosen in this study by mixing other ingredients, namely coconut shell. The treatment in the study was the composition of the mixture of PEFB and shell PEFB-1, PEFB-2, PEFB-3, PEFB-4 and PEFB-5 with a ratio of weight (100% -0%), (75% -25%), (50% -50%), (25% -75%) and (0% -100%). The research was carried out in Medan STIPAP, ITM Laboratory and PTKI Alboratorium in April - September 2018. Observation parameters were heating value, water content, ash content, density, compressive strength and combustion rate. The results showed that briquettes with dominant PEFB material, PEFB-1 and PEFB-2, produced less quality biobriquettes, especially low calorific value. The best treatment is PEFB-4 (25% EFB and 75% shell) with characters that appropriate to the specifications of the quality standard of charcoal briquettes.
PENGGUNAAN WAKTU DAN SUHU YANG IDEAL PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN KADAR KARET KERING LATEKS
Authors: Andi Wijaya  , Arief Rachmawan
Published: September 2024

Measurement of dryrubbercontent of latex (DRC) is very important factor in the trade transactions of rubber. Determination of temperature and drying time of latex’s DRC need to be studied in order to avo id the excessive difference between farmers and factories so that it can cause loss effect on sale andpurchase of latex transaction. This study aimed to determine the temperature and time factor of the DRC during the drying process and its interaction. The study used a complete random ized design (RAL) with twofactors, i.e. temperature (80oC, 90oC, 100oC, 110oC, 120oC) and time (2, 4, 6 hours) with 3 replications and as control was 100oC for 2 hours. The results showed that the interaction between temperature and time was apparent (p <0,010). The using of temperature variations of 90oC (4 and 6 hours), 110oC (2, 4, and 6 hours) and 120oC (2, 4, and 6 hours) is possible to replace standard temperature and time (100oC for 2 hours ), because it have no significant differences in the value of latex’s DRC.To prevent the latex sample browning and stickiness due to oxidation of high temperature, it can use temperature of 90oC-100oC and drying timeof 4-6 hours.
PENGARUH PEMOTONGAN TANGKAI METODE “CANGKEM BUAYA” TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS TANDAN BUAH SEGAR
Authors: Aries Sukariawan  , Muhammad Damara Damanik  , Suroso Rahutomo
Published: September 2024

The low percentage fruit set will impact on the percentage of fruit to bunch and weight of Bunch. Fruit set islow causing the formation of partenokarpi fruit/coat so that the harvest process is involved in loading, carryingand processing. To solve the problem, the management of post-harvest Bunis is necessary. Comparing the "V"(conventional) stem cutting, which is often referred to as the “Cangkem Kodok” (CK) as it is usually applied inthe plantation and the treatment of bunches (stalk) and base of bunches/stalks that have no fruit/ brondolancalled a “Cangkem Buaya" (CB). This research was conducted on oil palm plantation year 2015 planting in thePlantation of Bah Birung Ulu PTP. Nusantara IV. Five Month research time, namely in February-June year2019. This research uses a descriptive analysis method that is the primary data retrieval analyzed with Analysisof Variance (ANOVA) and then conducted advanced test using the smallest real difference (BNT) at 5% as wellas correlation of several parameters Observation. The results showed that the weight of the stem garbage wastewith a higher CB treatment compared with CK treatment and with the treatment of CB can save the garbagethat does not fit, transport and sports per bunch in Afdeling 1 by 5.59%, Afdeling 2 8.02% and Afdeling 37.63%. With the treatment of stem cutting and base of the fruit bunching (Brondolan) or called the treatment ofcrocodile hoe can increase the percentage of Fruit to a bunch average of 6%. The oil extraction were 27%.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAP CAIR BERBASIS TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LATEKS YANG DIGUMPALKAN
Authors: Bareta Arief , Purwanto Heri , Giyanto Giyanto
Published: September 2024

Liquid smoke is the result of the coconut shell pyrolysis and palm kernel shells burned and cooled through the medium of water coolers to make the results from burning fuel to liquid. Liquid smoke can be used to agglutinate latex. In this research, liquid smoke from coconut shell and oil palm shells mixed into 20gr of latex samples with a concentration ratio of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. In this study, it can be concluded that the concentration of 15% faster agglomerate, lower pH, and higher PoPRI value. And faster agglomeration speed of other rubber materials.
Enhancing Employee Performance through Monetary Incentives
Authors: Abraveni Varalakshmi
Published: September 2024

Monetary incentives lead a parent role of an employee to focus on their future step, understand their responsibility in the organization, and understand their benefit also this system changes staff work morale so generally thorough the way of financial reward enhancing employee performance .Monetary incentives play a important role in every employee working under any organization because he is getting an extra financial support from the organization were it will lead to work hard for the organization  salaries and bonuses are part of the monetary incentives which motivate the employees in addition to some non -monetary incentives such as free food, commute taken care of, and paid vacations with family as well as healthcare options etc. Indeed, in the United States, and in some Western countries where healthcare is not provided by the government, many workers and employees in businesses often join to the inducement of employer provided health insurance packages In addition, the more senior you are in the organizational hierarchy, the better are your chances to avail of incentives such as ESOPs or Employee Stock Option Plans, paid vacations, chauffeur driven cars, as well as plush accommodation that is paid for by their employers. Apart from this, in many corporates, midlevel and junior level employees to receive some of these benefits based on their performance. In other words, these incentives are often used to enhance employee performance in organizations. Along with this, the organization also gets the benefit of suggestions in new thinking. It is true that efforts should be made to make the employees mentally strong for the development of the organization, but they should also get their remuneration in the form of money. The main objective is to analyze the effect of monetary and nonmonetary rewards toward employees’ performance.
VIOLENCE WITHIN THE FAMILY
Authors: FRUNZĂ MĂDĂLINA
Published: September 2024

Domestic violence represents a worldwide problem, being present in the privacy of many families. This issue is viewed and treated differently, from one country to another, depending on the social, legal, cultural, and political codes of the society.
The necessity of empirical research in the field of providing services to victims of domestic violence is highlighted both by the numerous changes imposed through the regulatory framework and by the need to have an overview of the quality of services offered by the state system.
The mixed research (quantitative and qualitative - utilizing secondary data analysis and the case study method) was conducted at the Center for Social Services for Adults in Difficulty within the General Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection in Iași throughout the year 2022. The present research aimed to identify the consequences of domestic violence on nuclear families. The study aimed to identify the triggering factors of domestic violence, determine the main types of violence to which victims are subjected, and identify the role and importance of social services in the lives of victims. The paper highlights the importance and role of social services offered to victims, which will be quantified over time, as well as the need to improve the current system.
CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE: FACTORS INHIBITING OR TRIGGERING THE DISCLOSURE OF THE SECRET
Authors: BĂDĂRĂU OANA LĂCRĂMIOARA , RAIU SERGIU-LUCIAN
Published: September 2024

The secret character in the abusive relationship, as well as the child's vulnerability, forces him to remain silent and allows the abuse to be repeated. The objective of this paper was to identify the factors that inhibit or cause disclosure of child sexual abuse. The study is based on the opinion of six young women between the ages of 19 and 27, victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse, who benefited from special protection measures.
Based on the interview method, the following were analyzed: individual and family history; the age of onset of sexual abuse, its duration and type; the strategies used by the aggressor in keeping the secret; the way of disclosure and the results obtained afterward. In four of the six cases, the perpetrator was the biological father, and the "secret of sexual abuse" was secured through repeated threats, terrorizing, and physical abuse. Three of the young women revealed the sexual abuse to a friend, respectively to the foster mother (intentionally), one other young woman confessed what happened to them during counseling sessions, and therapy (requested/supported), and one young woman spoke when she was a child to the educator from kindergarten (accidental). One of the participants spoke for the first time about childhood sexual abuse during the present study. Fear of being blamed or held responsible, and feelings of shame contributed to the delay in disclosing the secret.
PSYCHOGENEALOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL WORK
Authors: MIHALACHE NINA MIHAELA
Published: September 2024

Psychogenealogy, the science of the unconscious transmission from one generation to another of the unsaid (Schutzenberger, 2016, p.17), began to gain greater visibility in the field of social assistance, as a result of the need for a deeper knowledge of the problems individual social, of their origin and manifestation to facilitate the intervention process. Although social work is on the border with other socio-human sciences, the intervention may require the reinterpretation of this border in order to understand the mental processes and the behaviors associated with them both for professionals and for the beneficiaries of social work. It is not proposed to violate the boundary of the field of psychology, but only a reconfiguration of working techniques in social assistance. The genosociogram, used by many social workers in interventions, can be enriched for the assistance field with elements regarding the contextualization of the origin of the social problems of the beneficiaries at an intergenerational and transgenerational level. This approach would support a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors regarding antisocial behaviors and their origin for a quality intervention but also a more complex collaboration in the interdisciplinary team. The invitation for the opening and deepening of these theories in social wor could contribute on the one hand to the personal and professional development of social workers, and on the other hand, it would bring significant contributions in the intervention processes of the social work field. This approach is configured in the new trends of modern social assistance, focused on learning and social pedagogy, which requires the practice of professional skills of critical thinking and creativity.
EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF AI’S IMPACT ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: DĂNILOAIA DANIEL-FLORIN
Published: September 2024

This article explores literature and finds the transformative impact of artificial
intelligence (AI) on human resource management (HRM), highlighting its applications
and benefits across various HR functions. AI enhances recruitment, training,
performance management, and compensation by automating routine tasks and providing
advanced analytics. This allows HR professionals to focus on strategic decision-making
and personalized employee engagement. Despite challenges such as data privacy
concerns and algorithmic bias, AI improves efficiency, accuracy, and employee
satisfaction. The article emphasizes the need for balancing technological advancements
with ethical considerations to ensure AI complements rather than replaces human skills.
Exploring History Through Photos: A Case Study of the Kelabit People in Sarawak, Borneo
Authors: Gian Alan Zechariah , Bala Poline
Published: September 2024

This article explores how photo-elicitation, as a methodological tool, can be used to gather ethnographic information by connecting the past with the present. It aims to discuss how photographs evoke feelings of melancholy or nostalgia in individuals, influencing their perceptions of their surroundings, identities, shared history, and memories in today’s world. This experiential study focuses on the Kelabit community, whose traditional homeland is the Kelabit Highlands in northeastern Sarawak. The primary focus is on photographs taken in Bario in the past. The primary finding is that, as time progresses, so do the memories of the Kelabit people (Lun Kelabit). The study revealed that photographs play a crucial role in shaping collective mediated memories. This is evident through the creation of post memory (Hirsch, 2008), where a younger generation relies on photographs to adopt the memories of previous generations as their own.