bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From “Freedom Now!” to “Black Lives Matter”: Retrieving King and Randolph to Theorize Contemporary White Antiracism
Authors: Clemons Jared
Published: June 2022

Many were taken aback by the initial spike in support for Black Lives Matter among white Americans during the summer of 2020. But will these antiracist attitudes translate into antiracist behavior? Accordingly, I ask under what conditions do white Americans engage in antiracist behavior? To answer this question, I build upon the insights of Martin Luther King, Jr., and A. Philip Randolph to theorize contemporary white antiracism. I argue that, under neoliberal capitalism, the conditions they laid out as necessary for the cultivation of productive antiracist politics have been difficult to satisfy. In lieu of that, in many instances, has been the privatization of racial responsibility, which I coin to describe a form of antiracist politics that relies upon white individuals’ sympathetic (and often symbolic) gestures rather than the implementation of more state programs to address structural racial injustices. I discuss what this development might mean for the Black Lives Matter movement—and the Black Freedom Struggle writ large—moving forward.
Who Supports Political Violence?
Authors: Armaly Miles T. , Enders Adam M.
Published: June 2022

The last few years have witnessed an increase in democratic “backsliding” in the United States—a decline in the quality of democracy, typically accompanied by an influx of non-normative behavior, such as political violence. Despite the real consequences of support for violence, fairly little is known about such an extremist attitude outside studies of terrorism or aggression. Using a unique survey containing many psychological, political, and social characteristics, we find that perceived victimhood, authoritarianism, populism, and white identity are the most powerful predictors of support for violence, though military service, conspiratorial thinking, anxiety, and feelings of powerlessness are also related. These patterns suggest that subjective feelings about being unjustly victimized—irrespective of the truth of the matter—and the psychological baggage that accompanies such feelings lie at the heart of support for violence. We use these results to build a profile of characteristics that explain support for violence; the predictive validity of this profile is then tested by examining its relationship with support for the January 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol riot, with which it is strongly associated, even accounting for support for Donald Trump. Our findings have implications for the detection of extremist attitudes and our understanding of the non-partisan/ideological foundations of anti-social political behavior.
Caring for the Sick in Hamburg: Amalie Sieveking and the ‘Dormant Strength’ of Christian Women
Authors: Kloes Andrew
Published: June 2022

Following an outbreak of cholera in Hamburg in 1831, Amalie Sieveking founded the Weiblicher Verein für Armen- und Krankenpflege (Women's Association for the Care of the Poor and the Sick). This was the first Protestant religious voluntary society in Germany organized and led by a woman. Sieveking's conception of the Christian life of faith and the contemporary needs of the kingdom of God convinced her that Protestant women needed to assume a more active role in German society. The Women's Association visited the homes of those who were sick or in other difficult personal circumstances. They attempted to promote the comprehensive well-being of those whom they assisted by providing food, clothing and other necessities of life, paid employment, housing and opportunities to cultivate their spiritual life.
Hospital Sunday and the new National Health Service: An End to ‘The Voluntary Spirit’ in England?
Authors: Piggott Robert
Published: June 2022

The advent of the welfare state has been seen by some historians as a decisive blow for British traditions of voluntarism, echoing some of the concerns raised in the lead up to the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS). This article examines the practice of Hospital Sunday in England in the post-war period. In doing so it evidences the effect of the nationalization of the voluntary hospitals in 1948 on the relationships between clergy, their congregations and health care. It argues that much greater attention needs to be paid to the continuities evident in Christian-inspired social action in the NHS in the long 1950s and after. Attending to the role of such Christian social action allows historians both to extend our knowledge of the importance of Christianity to social life in the period and to deepen our understanding of the operation of the welfare state.
From Plato to Pentecostalism: Sickness and Deliverance in the Theology of Derek Prince
Authors: Stanley Brian
Published: June 2022

This article analyses the intellectual sources and global influence of the demonology of Derek Prince (1915–2003), a former philosophy fellow of King's College, Cambridge, who, after his move to the United States in 1963, became a globally influential Pentecostal teacher and author. It argues that his academic expertise in the philosophy of Plato shaped his understanding of the invisible realm of spiritual powers and its impact on the health and material well-being of Christians. Prince's teaching on ancestral curses and the vulnerability of Christians to demonization has been widely received in Africa and other parts of the non-Western world, appearing to provide answers to endemic problems of chronic sickness and impoverishment.
Godly Preaching, in Sickness and Ill-Health, in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Daniel Robert W.
Published: June 2022

This article examines the myriad ways that sickness affected, and was exacerbated by, puritan preaching in seventeenth-century England. The term ‘puritan’ is deployed here to encompass Church of England, and later Nonconformist, ministers who espoused the significance of preaching God's word as a pastoral duty. By exploring occasions of, and motivations for, sermonizing when sick, such a study reveals that illness played a much larger role in the pulpit performances of England's preachers, especially amongst puritan clerics, than has hitherto been acknowledged.
Therapeutic Spaces in Public Places
Authors: Platt Jason , Bobele Monte
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The effectiveness of both mental health education and clinical practices is often limited by an overemphasis on US perspectives and approaches. Based on a lens and practice of reflexivity within international community psychology, this article describes a theater-based practice that is both an educational tool for training mental health providers and a community mental health intervention. This practice is based on an integration of the work of three Latin American theorists: Augusto Boal’s Theater of the Oppressed, Ignacio Martín-Baró’s liberation psychology, and Paulo Freire’s Critical Pedagogy. The approach we will describe integrates these Latin American originating theories with the practical and pragmatic clinical and theoretical assumptions of walk-in/single-session therapy. This mental health perspective addresses many of the barriers to services faced by underserved and international populations. We will discuss how we have utilized these ideas and practices by developing a form of street theater that provides educational opportunities for future mental health providers and creates community dialogues about common clinical concerns in Mexico City.
Geodynamic Modeling With Uncertain Initial Geometries
Authors: Spang A. , Baumann T. S. , Kaus B. J. P.
Published: June 2022

Geodynamic codes have become fast and efficient enough to facilitate sensitivity analysis of rheological parameters. With sufficient data, they can even be inverted for. Yet, the geodynamic inverse problem is often regularized by assuming a constant geometry of the geological setting (e.g., shape, location and size of salt diapirs or magma bodies) or approximating irregular bodies with simple shapes like boxes, spheres or ellipsoids to reduce the parameter space. Here, we present a simple and intuitive method to parameterize complex 3D bodies and incorporate them into geodynamic inverse problems. The approach can automatically create an entire ensemble of initial geometries, enabling us to account for uncertainties in imaging data. Furthermore, it allows us to investigate the sensitivity of the model results to geometrical properties and facilitates inverting for them. We demonstrate the method with two examples. A salt diapir in an extending regime and free subduction of an oceanic plate under a continent. In both cases, small differences in the model's initial geometry lead to vastly different results. Be it the formation of faults or the velocity of plates. Using the salt diapir example, we demonstrate that, given an additional geophysical observation, we are able to invert for uncertain geometric properties. This highlights that geodynamic studies should investigate the sensitivity of their models to the initial geometry and include it in their inversion framework. We make our method available as part of the open‐source software geomIO.
Low‐Angle Normal Faults on the NW Shelf of Australia: Implications for Late Paleozoic Rifting
Authors: Deng Hongdan , McClay Ken , Belgarde Catherine
Published: June 2022

Late Paleozoic rifting of the NW Shelf of Australia formed a wide basin that fundamentally controlled the Mesozoic continental rifting and passive margin development; however, structural style associated with this extensional process remains poorly constrained. Here, we integrate high‐resolution seismic data with well data from the proximal domain of the NW Shelf to show that the Mermaid fault system in the eastern Dampier Sub‐basin is a large‐scale (∼80 km long), low‐angle (5–20°) normal fault with up to 10 km offset formed during the Late Paleozoic rifting. In its northern and southern domains, the Mermaid fault has a planar geometry with characteristic extensional structures. In its central domain, seaward‐dipping, domino‐style normal faults in the upper crust extend downward into a highly reflective seismic zone that arches upward to form an elliptical dome. Growth strata in the hangingwall half‐graben and footwall basement reflections indicate that the Mermaid fault initiated as a high‐angle normal fault and was rotated by footwall exhumation during extension. Intrabasement deformation along and below the Mermaid fault is characterized by moderate‐ to high‐amplitude, semi‐continuous seismic reflectors that are distinct from transparent reflection character in the overlying basement unit. Comparison of the Mermaid fault system to well‐studied detachment faults in metamorphic core complex settings reveals striking similarities. We therefore suggest that the Mermaid fault developed as part of a nascent metamorphic core complex with a warm to hot footwall that enabled middle‐lower crustal flow during the Late Paleozoic continental rifting, likely induced by southward subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean.
Non‐Stationary Influences of Large‐Scale Climate Drivers on Low Flow Extremes in Southeast Australia
Authors: Goswami Pallavi , Peterson Tim J. , Mondal Arpita , Rüdiger Christoph
Published: June 2022

The intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) of low streamflow events are often considered stationary in time. Given droughts are likely to become more frequent and extreme, here those IDFs are analyzed for their non‐stationarity in relation to three climate drivers, namely, the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole, and the Southern Annular Mode. For this, low flow events were identified for 161 unregulated catchments in Victoria, Australia. The relationship between the climate drivers and the IDFs were developed using covariate‐based non‐stationary statistical models. We found that several of these catchments exhibit strong non‐stationary influences from the climate modes. Such catchments have a higher probability of experiencing more intense, prolonged, and/or frequent low flows when a dry phase of these climate drivers occurs. We found that catchments having strong evidence of non‐stationary frequency (n = 77) were more compared to those having non‐stationary intensity (n = 19) or duration (n = 34). Further, we derived projected indices of these climate drivers from CMIP5 models for the RCP8.5 scenario. These indicate an intensification in the dry phase of the climate drivers. Using information of the projected indices in the IDF models, we found that future dry phases of these climate drivers are likely to further increase the probability of experiencing higher magnitudes of low flow IDFs in catchments non‐stationary in these characteristics in relation to one or more of these climate drivers. Frequency shows greater response to future dry phases of these drivers than intensity or duration of low flows.
Burial and Exhumation of Sedimentary Rocks Revealed by the Base Stimson Erosional Unconformity, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Watkins Jessica A. , Grotzinger John P. , Stein Nathan T. , Banham Steven G. , Gupta Sanjeev , Rubin David M. , Morgan Kathryn Stack , Edgett Kenneth S. , Frydenvang Jens , Siebach Kirsten L. , Lamb Michael P. , Sumner Dawn Y. , Lewis Kevin W.
Published: June 2022

Sedimentary rocks record the ancient climate of Mars through changes between subaqueous and eolian depositional environments, recognized by their stratal geometries and suites of sedimentary structures. Orbiter‐ and rover‐image‐based geologic mapping show a dynamic evolution of the 5‐km‐thick sedimentary sequence exposed along the flanks of Aeolis Mons (informally, Mt. Sharp) in Gale crater, Mars, by deposition of subaqueous strata followed by exhumation via eolian erosion and then deposition of overlying, onlapping strata of inferred eolian origin. This interpretation suggests that a significant unconformity should occur at the base of the onlapping strata, thus predicting lateral variations in elevation along the contact between the underlying Mt. Sharp group and overlying Stimson formation. Curiosity rover and high‐resolution orbital image data quantify paleotopographic variability associated with the contact; ∼140 m of net elevation change and a slope closely aligned with the modern topography is expressed along the regional contact. These results support the interpretation of an erosional unconformity between these strata and that it was likely formed as a result of eolian erosion within the crater, indicative of a transition from wet to dry climate and providing insight into the stratigraphic context, geologic history, and habitability within Gale crater.
Extracellular sialyltransferase st6gal1 in breast tumor cell growth and invasiveness
Authors: Hait Nitai C. , Maiti Aparna , Wu Rongrong , Andersen Valerie L. , Hsu Chang-Chieh , Wu Yun , Chapla Digantkumar G. , Takabe Kazuaki , Rusiniak Michael E. , Bshara Wiam , Zhang Jianmin , Moremen Kelley W. , Lau Joseph T. Y.
Published: June 2022

The sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 that adds α2–6 linked sialic acids to N-glycans of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is prominently associated with many human cancers. Tumor-native ST6GAL1 promotes tumor cell behaviors such as invasion and resistance to cell stress and chemo- and radio-treatments. Canonically, ST6GAL1 resides in the intracellular secretory apparatus and glycosylates nascent glycoproteins in biosynthetic transit. However, ST6GAL1 is also released into the extracellular milieu and extracellularly remodels cell surface and secreted glycans. The impact of this non-canonical extrinsic mechanism of ST6GAL1 on tumor cell pathobiology is not known. We hypothesize that ST6GAL1 action is the combined effect of natively expressed sialyltransferase acting cell-autonomously within the ER-Golgi complex and sialyltransferase from extracellular origins acting extrinsically to remodel cell-surface glycans. We found that shRNA knockdown of intrinsic ST6GAL1 expression resulted in decreased ST6GAL1 cargo in the exosome-like vesicles as well as decreased breast tumor cell growth and invasive behavior in 3D in vitro cultures. Extracellular ST6GAL1, present in cancer exosomes or the freely soluble recombinant sialyltransferase, compensates for insufficient intrinsic ST6GAL1 by boosting cancer cell proliferation and increasing invasiveness. Moreover, we present evidence supporting the existence novel but yet uncharacterized cofactors in the exosome-like particles that potently amplify extrinsic ST6GAL1 action, highlighting a previously unknown mechanism linking this enzyme and cancer pathobiology. Our data indicate that extracellular ST6GAL1 from remote sources can compensate for cellular ST6GAL1-mediated aggressive tumor cell proliferation and invasive behavior and has great clinical potential for extracellular ST6GAL1 as these molecules are in the extracellular space should be easily accessible targets.
IGF2BP3 enhances the mRNA stability of E2F3 by interacting with LINC00958 to promote endometrial carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Kong Fanfei , Ma Jian , Miao Jianing , Su Peng , Yang Hui , Li Qing , Ma Xiaoxin
Published: June 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in a variety of pathological processes involving cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of lncRNA regulation in endometrial carcinoma (EC) remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to illustrate the mechanism of LINC00958 in regulating the function of IGF2BP3, an RNA binding protein involved in mRNA stability, and their clinical implications in EC. First, we investigated the clinical role of IGF2BP3 in EC and demonstrated its prognostic value. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that IGF2BP3 promoted EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Then, we carried out RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) analysis, RNA pulldown and immunofluorescence-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify LINC00958 that interacted with IGF2BP3 in the cytoplasm of EC cells. Rescue experiments indicated that knockdown of LINC00958 partially offset the EC cell progression mediated by IGF2BP3. After that, RNA sequencing was used to screen out the downstream genes of IGF2BP3 and LINC00958. The results revealed that IGF2BP3 upregulated E2F3 expression by interacting with LINC00958. Furthermore, RNA stability assays demonstrated that silencing LINC00958 partially rescued the IGF2BP3-mediated promoting effect on the mRNA stability of E2F3. Collectively, this study suggests that LINC00958, as an oncogene, assists IGF2BP3 in stabilizing E2F3 mRNA and ultimately promotes EC progression, providing a promising therapeutic target for patients with EC.
Disturbance-based management of ecosystem services and disservices in partial nitritation-anammox biofilms
Authors: Suarez Carolina , Sedlacek Christopher J. , Gustavsson David J. I. , Eiler Alexander , Modin Oskar , Hermansson Malte , Persson Frank
Published: June 2022

The resistance and resilience provided by functional redundancy, a common feature of microbial communities, is not always advantageous. An example is nitrite oxidation in partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) reactors designed for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, where suppression of nitrite oxidizers likeNitrospirais sought. In these ecosystems, biofilms provide microhabitats with oxygen gradients, allowing the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. We designed a disturbance experiment where PNA biofilms, treating water from a high-rate activated sludge process, were constantly or intermittently exposed to anaerobic sidestream wastewater, which has been proposed to inhibit nitrite oxidizers. With increasing sidestream exposure we observed decreased abundance, alpha-diversity, functional versatility, and hence functional redundancy, amongNitrospirain the PNA biofilms, while the opposite patterns were observed for anammox bacteria withinBrocadia. At the same time, species turnover was observed for aerobic ammonia-oxidizingNitrosomonaspopulations. The different exposure regimens were associated with metagenomic assembled genomes ofNitrosomonas,Nitrospira, andBrocadia, encoding genes related to N-cycling, substrate usage, and osmotic stress response, possibly explaining the three different patterns by niche differentiation. These findings imply that disturbances can be used to manage the functional redundancy of biofilm microbiomes in a desirable direction, which should be considered when designing operational strategies for wastewater treatment.
Ultrastretchable and wearable conductive multifilament enabled by buckled polypyrrole structure in parallel
Authors: Li Yimeng , Gao Yaya , Lan Lizhen , Zhang Qian , Wei Leqian , Shan Mengqi , Guo Lamei , Wang Fujun , Mao Jifu , Zhang Ze , Wang Lu
Published: June 2022

Stretchable conductive fibers have attracted much attention due to their potential use in wearable electronics. However, the ultra-high strain insensitive conductivity is hindered by mechanical mismatch in Young’s modulus and failure of stretchable structures under large deformation. This challenge is addressed with a conductive and elastic multifilament made of the polyurethane monofilaments that are surface-coated with buckled polypyrrole (PPy) of which flexibility is improved by sodium sulfosalicylate. Such parallel conductive monofilaments with PPy buckling on surface reduce the influence of cracks in the conductive coating on the overall conductivity, displaying an ultra-high strain insensitive behavior (quality factor Q = 10.9). Remarkably, various complex forms of wearable electronic textiles made by this conductive multifilament maintain the strain-insensitive behavior of the original multifilament, even upon the large deformation of human joint. This multifilament with wrinkled PPy has attractive advantages in the application of super-stretched wearable electronic devices.
Quantum dynamics of topological strings in a frustrated Ising antiferromagnet
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Liu Changle , Yan Zheng , Chen Yan , Zhang Xue-Feng
Published: June 2022

We investigate the quantum dynamics of the antiferromagnetic transverse field Ising model on the triangular lattice through large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations and stochastic analytic continuation. This model effectively describes a series of triangular rare-earth compounds, for example, TmMgGaO4. At weak transverse field, we capture the excitations related to topological quantum strings, which exhibit continuum features described by XY chain along the strings and those in accord with ‘Luttinger string liquid’ in the perpendicular direction. The continuum features can be well understood from the perspective of topological strings. Furthermore, we identify the contribution of strings from the excitation spectrum. Our study provides characteristic features for the experimental search for string-related excitations and proposes a theoretical method to pinpoint topological excitations in the experimental spectra.
Constraining neutron-star matter with microscopic and macroscopic collisions
Authors: Huth Sabrina , Pang Peter T. H. , Tews Ingo , Dietrich Tim , Le Fèvre Arnaud , Schwenk Achim , Trautmann Wolfgang , Agarwal Kshitij , Bulla Mattia , Coughlin Michael W. , Van Den Broeck Chris
Published: June 2022

Interpreting high-energy, astrophysical phenomena, such as supernova explosions or neutron-star collisions, requires a robust understanding of matter at supranuclear densities. However, our knowledge about dense matter explored in the cores of neutron stars remains limited. Fortunately, dense matter is not probed only in astrophysical observations, but also in terrestrial heavy-ion collision experiments. Here we use Bayesian inference to combine data from astrophysical multi-messenger observations of neutron stars1–9 and from heavy-ion collisions of gold nuclei at relativistic energies10,11 with microscopic nuclear theory calculations12–17 to improve our understanding of dense matter. We find that the inclusion of heavy-ion collision data indicates an increase in the pressure in dense matter relative to previous analyses, shifting neutron-star radii towards larger values, consistent with recent observations by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer mission5–8,18. Our findings show that constraints from heavy-ion collision experiments show a remarkable consistency with multi-messenger observations and provide complementary information on nuclear matter at intermediate densities. This work combines nuclear theory, nuclear experiment and astrophysical observations, and shows how joint analyses can shed light on the properties of neutron-rich supranuclear matter over the density range probed in neutron stars.
ATGL is a biosynthetic enzyme for fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids
Authors: Patel Rucha , Santoro Anna , Hofer Peter , Tan Dan , Oberer Monika , Nelson Andrew T. , Konduri Srihari , Siegel Dionicio , Zechner Rudolf , Saghatelian Alan , Kahn Barbara B.
Published: June 2022

Branched fatty acid (FA) esters of hydroxy FAs (HFAs; FAHFAs) are recently discovered lipids that are conserved from yeast to mammals1,2. A subfamily, palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), are anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic1,3. Humans and mice with insulin resistance have lower PAHSA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue and serum1. PAHSA administration improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammation in obesity, diabetes and immune-mediated diseases1,4–7. The enzyme(s) responsible for FAHFA biosynthesis in vivo remains unknown. Here we identified adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2)) as a candidate biosynthetic enzyme for FAHFAs using chemical biology and proteomics. We discovered that recombinant ATGL uses a transacylation reaction that esterifies an HFA with a FA from triglyceride (TG) or diglyceride to produce FAHFAs. Overexpression of wild-type, but not catalytically dead, ATGL increases FAHFA biosynthesis. Chemical inhibition of ATGL or genetic deletion of Atgl inhibits FAHFA biosynthesis and reduces the levels of FAHFA and FAHFA-TG. Levels of endogenous and nascent FAHFAs and FAHFA-TGs are 80–90 per cent lower in adipose tissue of mice in which Atgl is knocked out specifically in the adipose tissue. Increasing TG levels by upregulating diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity promotes FAHFA biosynthesis, and decreasing DGAT activity inhibits it, reinforcing TGs as FAHFA precursors. ATGL biosynthetic transacylase activity is present in human adipose tissue underscoring its potential clinical relevance. In summary, we discovered the first, to our knowledge, biosynthetic enzyme that catalyses the formation of the FAHFA ester bond in mammals. Whereas ATGL lipase activity is well known, our data establish a paradigm shift demonstrating that ATGL transacylase activity is biologically important.
Graph pangenome captures missing heritability and empowers tomato breeding
Authors: Zhou Yao , Zhang Zhiyang , Bao Zhigui , Li Hongbo , Lyu Yaqing , Zan Yanjun , Wu Yaoyao , Cheng Lin , Fang Yuhan , Wu Kun , Zhang Jinzhe , Lyu Hongjun , Lin Tao , Gao Qiang , Saha Surya , Mueller Lukas , Fei Zhangjun , Städler Thomas , Xu Shizhong , Zhang Zhiwu , Speed Doug , Huang Sanwen
Published: June 2022

Missing heritability in genome-wide association studies defines a major problem in genetic analyses of complex biological traits1,2. The solution to this problem is to identify all causal genetic variants and to measure their individual contributions3,4. Here we report a graph pangenome of tomato constructed by precisely cataloguing more than 19 million variants from 838 genomes, including 32 new reference-level genome assemblies. This graph pangenome was used for genome-wide association study analyses and heritability estimation of 20,323 gene-expression and metabolite traits. The average estimated trait heritability is 0.41 compared with 0.33 when using the single linear reference genome. This 24% increase in estimated heritability is largely due to resolving incomplete linkage disequilibrium through the inclusion of additional causal structural variants identified using the graph pangenome. Moreover, by resolving allelic and locus heterogeneity, structural variants improve the power to identify genetic factors underlying agronomically important traits leading to, for example, the identification of two new genes potentially contributing to soluble solid content. The newly identified structural variants will facilitate genetic improvement of tomato through both marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. Our study advances the understanding of the heritability of complex traits and demonstrates the power of the graph pangenome in crop breeding.
A collection of 3D geomodels of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal systems (Mexico)
Authors: Calcagno Philippe , Trumpy Eugenio , Gutiérrez-Negrín Luis Carlos , Liotta Domenico
Published: June 2022

This paper aims at sharing 3D geological models that were constructed at different scales in two Mexican geothermal areas as part of the European-Mexican GEMex project. The project was devoted to investigate superhot resources in Los Humeros and enhanced geothermal systems in Acoculco, both areas located in eastern Mexico. To build confidence in the resultant datasets and to potentially inform the development of models in similar contexts, the methodology is also described. The models integrate the main geological and geothermal features of the study areas and served as a framework for subsequent calculations and simulations. Preliminary models were based on data available at the beginning of the project, and were updated several times as new geological, geochemical, and geophysical field-data were obtained. The construction of the geomodels was performed in a collaborative and interdisciplinary way, using an existing software, and ultimately enabled a consensus interpretation and representation to be reached by the several disciplinary experts involved.
GIVE statistic for goodness of fit in instrumental variables models with application to COVID data
Authors: Dhar Subhra Sankar , Shalabh
Published: June 2022

Since COVID-19 outbreak, scientists have been interested to know whether there is any impact of the Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine against COVID-19 mortality or not. It becomes more relevant as a large population in the world may have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for which a person may not have active tuberculosis but persistent immune responses stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, and that means, both LTBI and BCG generate immunity against COVID-19. In order to understand the relationship between LTBI and COVID-19 mortality, this article proposes a measure of goodness of fit, viz., Goodness of Instrumental Variable Estimates (GIVE) statistic, of a model obtained by Instrumental Variables estimation. The GIVE statistic helps in finding the appropriate choice of instruments, which provides a better fitted model. In the course of study, the large sample properties of the GIVE statistic are investigated. As indicated before, the COVID-19 data is analysed using the GIVE statistic, and moreover, simulation studies are also conducted to show the usefulness of the GIVE statistic along with analysis of well-known Card data.
Control of biofilm-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dairy farm using Virokill silver nano-based disinfectant as an alternative approach
Authors: Aziz Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel , Mahmoud Rehab , Mohamed Manar Bahaa El Din
Published: June 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an important opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for many clinical infections in both animals and humans. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in dairy farm's that possess a great importance to dairy industry where it shares in milk spoilage. Evaluation of the efficacy of commonly used disinfectants to control the pathogen in dairy environment and finding a way to overcome high resistance to the used agents. Samples (n = 250) were collected from different environmental components, milk, and milkers' hands. Pathogens were isolated, biofilm was detected and their sensitivity against two commonly used disinfectants and against silver nanoparticles and Virokill AgNPs at different concentrations and contact times were tested. The pathogen significantly prevailed in milk samples (70.0%, P < 0.001). 50 out 74 isolates were biofilm-forming that was significantly obtained from environment (71.8%, P < 0.001). P. aeruginosa showed variable degree of resistance to tested disinfectants but it was significantly sensitive to Virokill AgNPs (200/1000) mg/l at exposure time 24 h (P < 0.001). It was concluded that using Virokill AgNPs in regular sanitation and disinfection of dairy farms, this helps the control of P. aeruginosa subsequently increasing milk quality and improving dairy industry and protecting human health.
Effect of plasma sericin glutaraldehyde treatments on the low stress mechanical properties of micro denier polyester/cotton blended fabric
Authors: Rajalakshmi M. , Kubera Sampath Kumar S. , Vasanth Kumar D. , Siva Jagadish Kumar M. , Prakash C.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to see how different treatments affect the low-stress mechanical properties of micro-denier polyester/cotton (MDP/C—65/35) fabrics. This blend was chosen for the study because it is the most popular blend used in polyester/cotton blended material. The results of fabric properties treated with sericin revealed that fabrics treated with sericin and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent had higher bending rigidity, regardless of how it was tested. Concerning the blend fabrics, it was noticed that there was deterioration in tensile resilience following sericin treatment. Shear rigidity, accompanied by shear hysteresis, showed an increase in sericin-treated fabrics. Compression properties were affected by the treatment, and in general, the fabric suffered deterioration in those the samples were hard. Surface properties such as coefficient of friction, mean deviation of friction and mean deviation of surface contour were found to be higher than those of the control and sericin-treated fabrics in a few cases.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a rapid response to phosphorus deficiency in a phosphorus-efficient rice genotype
Authors: Prodhan M. Asaduzzaman , Pariasca-Tanaka Juan , Ueda Yoshiaki , Hayes Patrick E. , Wissuwa Matthias
Published: June 2022

Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient. Most rice growing lands lack adequate P, requiring multiple P fertiliser applications to obtain expected yields. However, P fertiliser is environmentally damaging, and already unaffordable to the marginal farmers. This warrants developing P-efficient rice varieties that require less P to produce the expected yield. However, genetic factors underlying P-use efficiency (PUE) in rice remain elusive. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis using two rice varieties with contrasting PUE; a P-efficient landrace DJ123 and a P-inefficient modern cultivar IR64. We aimed to understand the transcriptomic responses in DJ123 that allow it to achieve a high PUE under low P conditions. Our results showed that both DJ123 and IR64 had replete tissue P concentrations after 48 h of P deprivation. Yet, DJ123 strongly responded to the external low P availability by inducing P starvation-inducible genes that included SPX2, PHO1, PAPs and SQDs, while these genes were not significantly induced in IR64. We envisage that the ability of DJ123 to rapidly respond to low P conditions might be the key to its high PUE. Our findings lay a valuable foundation in elucidating PUE mechanism in rice, thus will potentially contribute to developing P-efficient modern rice variety.
Animal behavior is central in shaping the realized diel light niche
Authors: Häfker N. Sören , Connan-McGinty Stacey , Hobbs Laura , McKee David , Cohen Jonathan H. , Last Kim S.
Published: June 2022

Animal behavior in space and time is structured by the perceived day/night cycle. However, this is modified by the animals’ own movement within its habitat, creating a realized diel light niche (RDLN). To understand the RDLN, we investigated the light as experienced by zooplankton undergoing synchronized diel vertical migration (DVM) in an Arctic fjord around the spring equinox. We reveal a highly dampened light cycle with diel changes being about two orders of magnitude smaller compared to the surface or a static depth. The RDLN is further characterized by unique wavelength-specific irradiance cycles. We discuss the relevance of RDLNs for animal adaptations and interactions, as well as implications for circadian clock entrainment in the wild and laboratory.
Vibrio cholerae senses human enteric α-defensin 5 through a CarSR two-component system to promote bacterial pathogenicity
Authors: Liu Yutao , Xu Tingting , Wang Qian , Huang Junxi , Zhu Yangfei , Liu Xingmei , Liu Ruiying , Yang Bin , Zhou Kai
Published: June 2022

Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) is an aquatic bacterium responsible for acute and fatal cholera outbreaks worldwide. When V. cholerae is ingested, the bacteria colonize the epithelium of the small intestine and stimulate the Paneth cells to produce large amounts of cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Human defensin 5 (HD-5) is the most abundant CAMPs in the small intestine. However, the role of the V. cholerae response to HD-5 remains unclear. Here we show that HD-5 significantly upregulates virulence gene expression. Moreover, a two-component system, CarSR (or RstAB), is essential for V. cholerae virulence gene expression in the presence of HD-5. Finally, phosphorylated CarR can directly bind to the promoter region of TcpP, activating transcription of tcpP, which in turn activates downstream virulence genes to promote V. cholerae colonization. In conclusion, this study reveals a virulence-regulating pathway, in which the CarSR two-component regulatory system senses HD-5 to activate virulence genes expression in V. cholerae.
A dolphin-inspired compact sonar for underwater acoustic imaging
Authors: Vishnu Hari , Hoffmann-Kuhnt Matthias , Chitre Mandar , Ho Abel , Matrai Eszter
Published: June 2022

Underwater imaging sonars are widely used for oceanic exploration but are bulky and expensive for some applications. The sonar system of dolphins, which uses sound pulses called clicks to investigate their environment, offers superior shape discrimination capability compared to human-derived imaging sonars of similar size and frequency. In order to gain better understanding of dolphin sonar imaging, we train a dolphin to acoustically interrogate certain objects and match them visually. We record the echoes the dolphin receives and are able to extract object shape information from these recordings. We find that infusing prior information into the processing, specifically the sparsity of the shapes, yields a clearer interpretation of the echoes than conventional signal processing. We subsequently develop a biomimetic sonar system that combines sparsity-aware signal processing with high-frequency broadband click signals similar to that of dolphins, emitted by an array of transmitters. Our findings offer insights and tools towards compact higher resolution sonar imaging technologies.
Comment on “Surface elastic constants of a soft solid” by Q. Xu, R. W. Style and E. R. Dufresne, Soft Matter, 2018, 14, 916
Authors: Gutman Emmanuel M.
Published: June 2022

The Shuttleworth equation for the solid surface stress ϒ (surface area A) uses the strain derivative of the total surface energy AF. The formal disclosure of this derivative leads to a nonsensical approach if applied to a 3D body of volume V with free energy density FV.
Quantum rate dynamics and charge screening at the nanoscale level
Authors: Pinzón Nieto Edgar Fabian , Alarcón Erika Viviana Godoy , Sánchez Yuliana Pérez , Bueno Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2022

It has been demonstrated that quantum-rate electrodynamics originate from charged quantum states within redox moieties coupled to electrodes.
Molecular origins of the multi-donor strategy in inducing bathochromic shifts and enlarging Stokes shifts of fluorescent proteins
Authors: Wu Xia , Tan Davin , Qiao Qinglong , Yin Wenting , Xu Zhaochao , Liu Xiaogang
Published: June 2022

We rationalize a multi-donor strategy that leads to desirable bathochromic shifts and large Stokes shifts with minimal structural changes for creating long-wavelength fluorescent proteins (LWFPs).
Operando resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy of the LiMn2O4 cathode using an aqueous electrolyte solution
Authors: Asakura Daisuke , Nanba Yusuke , Niwa Hideharu , Kiuchi Hisao , Miyawaki Jun , Okubo Masashi , Matsuda Hirofumi , Harada Yoshihisa , Hosono Eiji
Published: June 2022

The Mn 3d electronic-structure change of the LiMn2O4 cathode during Li-ion extraction/insertion in an aqueous electrolyte solution was studied by operando resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES).
Triphenylamine substituted copper and zinc phthalocyanines as alternative hole-transporting materials for solution-processed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gümüşgöz Çelik Gizem , Şahin Ayşe Nur , Lafzi Ferruh , Saracoglu Nurullah , Altındal Ahmet , Gürek Ayşe Gül , Atilla Devrim
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of new Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) phthalocyanines bearing bulky aromatic triphenyl groups were reported to investigate on their performance on PSCs as alternative hole-transporting materials.
Tunable fluorescence emission based on multi-layered MOF-on-MOF
Authors: Xia Qing-Qing , Wang Xing-Huo , Yu Jia-Lin , Xue Zhi-Yuan , Chai Juan , Wu Ming-Xue , Liu Xiaomin
Published: June 2022

ZIF-8@dye@ZIF-8@dye materials with different fluorescence emission in dispersed and solid states were both obtained by tuning the initial encapsulation concentration of dye and changing the structure of the inner and outer ZIF-8@dye layers.
Flower-like Ag2WO4/CeO2 heterojunctions with oxygen vacancies and expedited charge carrier separation boost the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and drugs
Authors: Wang Fangxiao , Liu Rong , Xu Qinfeng , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: June 2022

Flower-like Ag2WO4/CeO2 heterojunctions with oxygen vacancies and expedited charge carrier separation are constructed for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and drugs.
Bidirectional noninnocence of hinge-like deprotonated bis-lawsone on selective ruthenium platform: a function of varying ancillary ligands
Authors: Arya Yogita , Bera Sudip Kumar , Priego José Luis , Jiménez-Aparicio Reyes , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: June 2022

Deprotonated bis-lawsone-based discreate ruthenium complexes beyond 3d metal/Ga-derived systems and their bidirectional (fractional) noninnocence have been highlighted.
A solid-state fluorescent probe for α,β-diamine based on tetraphenylethylene skeleton construction
Authors: Liu Dongqing , Yan Qiao , Ma Qinglin , Bai Ming
Published: June 2022

The design of the solid-state fluorescence sensor.
A mechanically adaptive hydrogel neural interface based on silk fibroin for high-efficiency neural activity recording
Authors: Ding Jie , Chen Zhihong , Liu Xiaoyin , Tian Yuan , Jiang Ji , Qiao Zi , Zhang Yusheng , Xiao Zhanwen , Wei Dan , Sun Jing , Luo Fang , Zhou Liangxue , Fan Hongsong
Published: June 2022

A bio-based hydrogel is constructed as an adaptive, biocompatible, and conductive neural interface. The advances generating tight mechanical coupling, low impedance, and high charge storage capacity resulted in efficient neural signal recording.
A composite approach to synthesize a high-performance Pt/WO3–carbon catalyst for optical and electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Naeem Rabia , Afzal Saba , Mansoor Muhammad Adil , Munawar Khadija , Sherino Bibi , Ahmed Riaz
Published: June 2022

Optical and electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized Pt/WO3–C nanocomposite in acidic and alkaline media.
Single-ion magnet behaviour in homoleptic Co(ii) complexes bearing 2-iminopyrrolyl ligands
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia S. , Cerdeira Ana C. , Cruz Tiago F. C. , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Hunger David , Allgaier Alexander , van Slageren Joris , Almeida Manuel , Pereira Laura C. J. , Gomes Pedro T.
Published: June 2022

Four-coordinate distorted tetrahedral bis(2-iminopyrrolyl)cobalt(ii) complexes behave as Single-Ion Magnets (SIMs) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
The structural factors affecting the sensory properties of polyaniline derivatives
Authors: Andriianova Anastasia N. , Salikhov Renat B. , Latypova Lyaysan R. , Mullagaliev Ilnur N. , Salikhov Timur R. , Mustafin Akhat G.
Published: June 2022

This study is the first report that includes the experimental data on the use of a wide range of new substituted polyaniline (PANI) derivatives as a sensitive material in sensors.
On the stability of anion exchange membrane fuel cells incorporating polyimidazolium ionene (Aemion+®) membranes and ionomers
Authors: Wei Qiliang , Cao Xinzhi , Veh Philipp , Konovalova Anastasiia , Mardle Peter , Overton Philip , Cassegrain Simon , Vierrath Severin , Breitwieser Matthias , Holdcroft Steven
Published: June 2022

Enhanced chemical and mechanical stability of ultra-thin Aemion+® over first generation Aemion® in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.
Transparent, conductive and flexible MXene grid/silver nanowire hierarchical films for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Jin Meng , Chen Wei , Liu Liu-Xin , Zhang Hao-Bin , Ye Lvxuan , Min Peng , Yu Zhong-Zhen
Published: June 2022

The flexible and conductive MXene grid/silver nanowire hierarchical film exhibits both high optical transmittance and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency.
Control over microphase separation and dielectric properties via para-fluoro thiol click reaction
Authors: Topcu Gokhan , Arenas David Reinoso , Huband Steven , McNally Tony , Becer C. Remzi
Published: June 2022

Herein, we have reported a para-fluoro thiol click reaction allowing control of the microphase separation and dielectric properties of poly(pentafluorostyrene-b-acrylic acid) copolymers.
A new Internet of Things based optimization scheme of residential demand side management system
Authors: Alhasnawi Bilal Naji , Jasim Basil H. , Mansoor Riyadh , Alhasnawi Arshad Naji , Rahman Zain‐Aldeen S. A , Haes Alhelou Hassan , Guerrero Josep M. , Dakhil Adel Manaa , Siano Pieruigi
Published: June 2022

The steady increase in the energy demand and the growing carbon footprint has forced electricity‐based utilities to shift from their use of non‐renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the integration of renewable energy sources in the electric grid. Hence, one needs to manage the energy consumption needs of the consumers, more effectively. Consumers can connect all the devices and houses to the internet by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In this study, the researchers have developed and proposed a novel 2‐stage hybrid method that schedules the power consumption of the houses possessing a distributed energy generation and storage system. Stage 1 modeled the non‐identical Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs) that can contain the DGS like WT and PV. The HEMS organise the controllable appliances after taking into consideration the user preferences, electricity prices and the amount of energy produced /stored. The set of optimal consumption schedules for every HEMS was estimated using a BPSO and BSA. On the other hand, Stage 2 includes a Multi‐Agent‐System (MAS) based on the IoT. The system comprises two portions: software and hardware. The hardware comprises the Base Station Unit (BSU) and many Terminal Units (TUs).