bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Reward and Punishment on Employee Performance (Case Study MSIB PT. Telkom Akses Kota Bima)
Authors:   University Of Mataram, Malik Abdul , Wahyulina Sri ,   University Of Mataram, Fauzi Armi Sulthon ,   STAHN Mataram
Published: April 2024

The study is conducted in conjunction with the activity of MSIB (a certified independent study apprentice) in the PT. Telkom Akses Kota Bima. The purpose of the study is to find out and analyze the relationship between reward and punishment for employee performance, both individually and simultaneously. The study uses a quantitative method. The subject of this study is PT. Telkom Akses Kota Bima employees with samples of as many as 32 employees who are willing to participate in the study. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The selected analysis model is a linear regression with version 23 of IBM SPSS. Research results indicate that reward has a positive effect on an employee's performance. Whereas punishment doesn't affect employee performance. Reward and punishment together have a positive effect on employee performance. This suggests that the combination of the two strategies is optimal. Reward can provide positive reinforcement and motivation, while punishment can serve as a deterrent to behaviors that would harm the company.
Instructional Program on Nurses' Knowledge and practice Towards Nursing Documentation in Pediatric Wards
Authors:   Nursing Affairs Division, Nineveh Health Directorate, Iraq, Jasem Wissam Mohammed , Younis Nasir Muwfaq ,   Prof, PhD. College of Nursing / University of Mosul/IRAQ
Published: April 2024

Background: Nursing documentation is a set of written information, transmitted in the form of a document with regard to patient’s health and care status, It is a legal and professional action for people involved in health care affairs, including nurses. Objectives: To determine Instructional Program on Nurses' Knowledge and practice Towards Nursing Documentation in Pediatric Wards at Mosul Hospitals. Methods: Quasi-experimental design through using ( Non probability ) Purposive Sampling was conducted to determine Effectiveness of an Instructional Program on nurses' knowledge and practice Nursing documentation in Pediatric Wards at Mosul Hospitals from 13 October 2023 throughout 14 March 2024.A simple random sample with probability of 60 sample . Data is analyzed using the "Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software for Windows (Version 26)" Results: This finding the showed that those aged 30-34 had the highest percentage (46.7%). In regards to sex, more than half of the study sample were female (60%) as compared with those who were male. Regarding educational level, the percentage was almost equal. Years of relevant experience resulted in a mean of 2.53.
Evaluation of Iron Metabolism in a Sample of Children Infected with Pinworm Disease in Anbar Province/ Iraq
Authors:   College Of Edu. For women/Bio. Dep./Tikrit univ./Iraq, Jassam Hammadi Iman , Rashied Rashied Mohammed ,   College Of Sciences / Biology Dep. / University of Anbar, Mahmoud Zangana Ashraf Jamal ,   College Of Edu. For women/Bio. Dep./Tikrit univ./Iraq
Published: April 2024

Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis is a common parasitic worm that infects humans, and its disease is widespread around the world, especially among children. Its infection occurs in areas with poor health and environmental conditions that lack personal hygiene. The study was conducted to determine pinworm infection prevalence in the several areas of Anbar Governorate and the status of some physiological indicators associated with it. The entire children attending Fallujah Teaching Hospital ages between 4 and 15 years were part of the study, and the study period included November 2022 to November 2023. The total samples comprised 1350 samples from various locations in Anbar Governorate. The infection was diagnosed in this study by direct microscopic examinations with a Logul-iodine-stained swab, and egg concentration methods, namely flotation with salt and zinc sulphate, and ana adhesive tape method. Physiological tests i.e. iron levels, ferironportin, and iron transporters. Analysis of the study yielded a total pinworm infection rate of 6.28% of all samples. The blood test results showed a marked reduction in hemoglobin level and an increment in eosinophils count in the infected group compared to the healthy controls. Concomitantly, total iron, ferroportin, and diaphoretic transporter levels decreased in the infected group providing an association between infection with the parasite and anemia.
Educational Program on Nurses Knowledge about Blood Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Care Units
Authors:   Oncology Hospital, Nineveh Health Directorate, Iraq, Aldeen Ahmed Amwaj Saad , Younis Nasir Muwfaq ,   Prof, PhD. College of Nursing / University of Mosul/IRAQ
Published: April 2024

Background: Exchange transfusion entails the sequential drawing and injecting of blood aliquots via peripheral or central venous and arterial lines. Notably, arterial lines—either peripheral or umbilical—should not be used for donor blood injections; rather, they should only be used for baby blood withdrawal. To ascertain the Nurses' Knowledge of Blood Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Educational Program. Methods: Designing a quasi-experimental using (non-probability) To ascertain the impact of a training program on nurses' performance with regard to blood exchange transfusion, purposeful sampling was used. The "Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software for Windows (Version 26)" is used to analyze data. Results: This result showed that 33.3%(10) of the study's nurses and 33.3%(10) of the control group's nurses were between the ages of 31 and 35.The study's findings regarding the gender of the nursing staff showed that 53.3% of the participants (19) were female. and of the fifteen participants, 63.3% were men. 50% of the participants are nurses.had a Nursing Institute (15) In terms of general years of experience, 33.3% (10) of the sample had six to ten years of experience, and 3.0% worked in the pediatric department. Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses’ knowledge about the blood transfusion process before giving the educational program to the patients was poor, and through the intervention and giving the nursing program, their knowledge became good. The reason is due to the effectiveness of the effective programs.
The Role of Data Catalogs in Driving Organizational Insights and Efficiency
Authors:   Senior Data Engineer, USA, Badgujar Pooja
Published: April 2024

In 2023, data catalogs have become indispensable in data management, facilitating efficient data discovery and enhancing metadata management. As centralized metadata repositories, they empower organizations to navigate their vast data landscapes efficiently, thereby improving decision-making and data governance. This paper delves into the role of data catalogs within modern data management practices, emphasizing their contribution to organizational efficiency and insight generation. Data catalogs play a pivotal role in modern data management by facilitating efficient data discovery and streamlining metadata management processes. These catalogs serve as centralized repositories of metadata, enabling users to easily search, explore, and understand available data assets within an organization. By providing comprehensive metadata descriptions and search capabilities, data catalogs empower organizations to maximize the value of their data, improve decision-making processes, and enhance overall data governance. This paper explores the importance of data catalogs in modern data environments, highlighting their role in enhancing data discovery and metadata management for improved organizational efficiency
Advanced Drilling Optimization through Predictive Data Analytics and Machine Learning Pipeline
Authors:   Amazon Web Services Inc, USA, Sinha Gaurav Kumar
Published: April 2024

The paper provides a pattern and methodology to optimize drilling in the oil and gas industry through integration of data analytics and machine learning. Drilling operations have unpredictable subsurface conditions, which leads to operational inefficiencies. My methodology ingests historical drilling data, real-time sensor data, and geological data to train machine learning models. I discuss the implementation and analysis of a data analytics framework that collects and preprocesses data streams, and send the data for machine learning. The paper offers keywords aimed at enhancing discoverability, indexing, clarity, and visibility. The introduction section details context, relevance, objectives, scope and structure of the paper. The Problem Statement section details business problem. The solution section provides methodology to address the identified problem. The architecture diagram section illustrates the system architecture and design. The architecture review details the selected architecture. The implementation section provides steps to implement solution, detailing the specific tools, technologies, and methodologies utilized in its development. The implementation for Proof of Concept (PoC) section provides a strategy as how to plan for the implementation of the solution at the organization level. The use cases section provides details about what a business can derive information to make decision. The impact section details the business value. The extended use case section so how the proposed solution can be implemented across diverse industries and domains, highlighting the potential for widespread applicability.
Effortless Logistics Automation - SAP Logistics Process Automation with UiPath RPA
Authors:   SAP Business Analyst, Richemont North America Inc, Dallas, USA, Percherla Anand Kumar
Published: April 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of business process optimization, the integration of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) with SAP systems has emerged as a transformative solution. This paper explores the synergy between UiPath RPA and SAP, shedding light on the potential for enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and scalability in enterprise processes. The abstract delves into the key concepts, challenges, and benefits associated with SAP logistics process automation using UiPath, offering insights for organizations seeking to streamline their operations through advanced automation
Architecting for Resilience: Best Practices for Building Secure and Reliable Software Infrastructure in AWS Cloud
Authors:   USA, Tsapa Joseph Aaron
Published: April 2024

Today, with more businesses moving their software infrastructure to the cloud, the security and resilience of such systems take priority. The current whitepaper discusses architectural best practices in building secure, reliable software infrastructure within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud environment. It investigates microservices, containerization, data encryption, and disaster recovery and how these practices affect risk reporting. The strategies outlined in the paper will be crucial in empowering organizations to build resilience within their cloud-based software infrastructure. This will be a fundamental component in enabling them to withstand their challenges.
Post-COVID 19 Syndrome: Case Report
Authors:   General Physician, Fundación Universitaria San Martín, Colombia, Ramírez Urrea Sara Isabel
Published: April 2024

Post-covid syndrome has been defined as the persistence of at least one clinically relevant symptom, or spirometry or radiological alterations after infection by covid-19. Its existence is undoubted although it is not clearly distinguishable since it is confused with clinical pictures produced by other acute viral diseases whose most persistent symptoms are usually dyspnea, cough, and chest pain.
The Hidden Engine: Unraveling the Impact of Small Businesses on any National GDP
Authors:   USA, Rohatg Gaurav
Published: April 2024

Small businesses are often overlooked in discussions of economic growth, yet they play a vital role in driving the engine of a nation's GDP. This paper seeks to illuminate the significant impact of small businesses on national GDP, shedding light on their often-underestimated contributions. Through a comprehensive analysis of economic data and case studies, this paper reveals how small businesses serve as the hidden engine propelling economic growth. From job creation to innovation, small businesses serve as the lifeblood of many economies, fueling productivity and prosperity. By unraveling the intricate connections between small businesses and national GDP, this paper underscores the essential role these enterprises play in shaping the economic landscape of any nation
Need for Alternatives to Traditional Credit Scores
Authors:   Business Analyst, Media Systems Integration, UK, Sabbani Goutham
Published: April 2024

As of 2021, more than half of the adult Indian population remained unserved. Only 21.99% of the adult population could be counted as credit served. When we look at the top five Indian banks by total assets, we see that only one bank was utilising more than 60% of its total assets for loans and advances. If banks were able to expand their operations within the unserved population, they could operate at higher leverages. This would mean that the banks would have the ability to operate at lower net interest margins in times of credit crunch and reap higher profits during periods of normalcy. To reach the yet credit unserved, it is essential to gauge their credit worthiness in a manner that does not require credit histories. Hence, in this paper, we will look at some alternatives to traditional credit scoring methods.
Applying Lean Principles in SAP EWM (Built-In Functionalities and Optimization Strategies)
Authors:   SAP Business Analyst, Richemont North America Inc., Dallas, USA, Percherla Anand Kumar
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the application of lean principles within SAP Extended Warehouse Management (EWM), focusing on its built-in functionalities and optimization strategies. Lean principles aim to minimize waste and maximize efficiency, aligning well with the goals of warehouse management. By leveraging features such as slotting and rearrangement, cross-docking, wave management, labor management, and kanban functionality, organizations can streamline operations, reduce costs, and improve overall performance. Through an examination of these functionalities and their alignment with lean principles, this paper offers insights into how businesses can optimize their warehouse operations within the SAP EWM framework.
Factors Influencing the Incidence of Myopia
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Optometry, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India, Kumar Raj , Arbaz Arbaz ,   M. Optom. Scholar, Department of Optometry, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India, Trivedi Rajeev ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
Published: April 2024

Myopia is a refractive error in which a distance object looks blurry. It happens when the light is focused in front of the retina. It is increasing day by day. There are estimates indicating that by 2050, approximately half of the global population might develop myopia, and roughly 10% could experience high levels of myopia. The incidence of myopia varies geographically; changes in lifestyle and urbanization have an impact on its prevalence. Myopia may be more common in urban areas due to restricted access to outdoor activity, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors interact in a complex way to influence myopia. Here ditary factors are important; the probability of developing myopia is increased if parents have the condition. Another important factor in the development of myopia is the environment. Reading and other prolonged, intense near work activities, like screen time; have been linked to a higher risk of myopia. Understanding the complex nature of myopia is crucial. This article will review the factors causing myopia and the relative significance or weighting of various factors in the development of myopia.
“LYUIS KERROLLNING ALISA MO‘ JIZALAR MAMLAKATIDA ASARIDAGI HAYVON OBRAZLARINING O‘ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI”
Authors: Qudratova Muxiba
Published: April 2024

Mazkur maqolada o’zining hayvonlarni g’ayrioddiy tarzda tasvirlay olgan hamda ijodining o’ziga xos uslubini ko’rsata olgan Lewis Carrollning  “Alisa mo’jizalar mamlakatida” asari hayvonlarning o’ziga xos jihatlari va ularning o’ziga xos ramziy ma’nolarni ifodalashi misollar yordamida ifodalab berilgan. Shuningdek, Lyuis Kerroll o’zining “Alisa mo’jizalar mamlakatida” nomli ertagida Alisaning mo’jizalar mamlakati bo‘ylab sayohati davomida duch kelgan antropomorfizatsiya qilingan hayvonlarning o’ziga xos jihati haqida so’z yuritamiz.
IMPROVING THE TECHNIQUE OF BADMINTON SPORTS TRAINING
Authors: Shermatov G’ulom
Published: April 2024

This article discusses various strategies and techniques to improve badminton sports training. It covers a range of aspects including technical skills, physical conditioning, mental preparation, and tactical awareness. The article emphasizes the importance of individualized training, match analysis, and incorporating drills that simulate game situations. It also highlights the significance of proper rest and recovery, injury prevention, and continuous learning. The aim is to provide badminton players with valuable insights and practical guidance to enhance their overall technique and performance on the court.
YАNGI О‘ZBЕKISTОNDА TURIZM MАDАNIYАTINI YUKSАLTIRISH ISTIQBОLLАRI
Authors: Sharipova Shaxzoda
Published: April 2024

Ushbu mаqоlаdа yаngi Оʻzbеkistоndа turizm vа uning rivоjlаnishi, yаqin yillаrdаgi istiqbоlli rеjаlаr hаmdа chеkkа hududlаrdаgi ziyоrаt turizmigа оid yаngi оbеklаrni ishgа tushurish bоrаsidаgi sаlmоqli ishlаr bоrаsidа sоʻz yuritilgаn.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF “KITE RUNNER” AND “A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS” BY KHALED HOSSEINI: THEMES, CHARACTERS, AND SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT
Authors: Valieva Nargizakhon
Published: April 2024

This comparative analysis explores the novels "Kite Runner" and "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Khaled Hosseini, examining their thematic elements, character development, and sociopolitical context. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis, this article aims to shed light on the similarities and differences between the two novels.
YOSHLAR MIGRATSIYASI: YUTUQLAR VA TAHLIL
Authors: G‘oyibov Jo‘rabek
Published: April 2024

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston va jahonda yoshlar migratsiyasining ijobiy va salbiy jihatlari tadqiq etilib, bu borada mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar tahlil etilgan. Yoshlar migratsiyasi, ishlab chiqaruvchi kuchlarning raqobatbardoshligi, madaniyatlararo muloqot, turli millatlar, irqlar, tillar va xalqlarning aloqalarining mustahkamlanishiga zamin yaratishi haqida fikr yuritilgan.
DARSLIK BILAN ISHLASH OʻQUVCHILARNING AXBOROT KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISH VOSITASI SIFATIDA
Authors: Xo’jamberdiyeva Dilfuza
Published: April 2024

Maqolada darslik bilan ishlash oʻquvchilarning  axborot kompetentligini rivojlantirish vositasi sifatida baholangan. Maktab o’quvchilarining axborot madaniyatini shakllantirish bo’yicha darslik bilan ishlash o’ziga xos pedagogik sharoitlar bilan belgilanadigan bir qator xususiyatlarga ega bo’lib, ularga rioya qilish kichik maktab o’quvchilarining axborot madaniyatini muvaffaqiyatli shakllantirishga imkon beradi. O’quvchilarni darslik matni bilan ishlashga o’rgatish (mustaqil ravishda tushunchalarni aniqlashlari va ularga ta’riflar berishlari), mavzuni o’rganib chiqqandan so’ng o’quvchilar savollarni (oddiy, aniqlik) shakllantira olishlari, axborot kompetentsiyasini shakllantirishga yordam beradigan turli xil dasturlardan foydalanish bo’yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
The use of internet by staff for library service delivery at Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Faga Asom , Obaje Victoria
Published: April 2024

The study investigated the use of Internet by staff for library service delivery at Benue State University, Makurdi. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study was the entire 153 library staff in Benue State University Library. Since the population was relatively small and manageable by the researcher, no sampling was employed for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structure questionnaire Data was collected and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions. Findings of the study revealed that the internet services are utilized in areas such as acquisition services, cataloguing and classification services, awareness services, reference services, selective dissemination of information services, inter-library loan services, documentary services, circulation services, bibliographic services and resource sharing. The findings also revealed that, the internet services were utilized to a high extent for library services delivery. Challenges found to hinder the utilization of the internet services include: lack of maintenance culture, erratic power supply, high cost of connectivity, high cost of maintenance, technology obsolescence, low level of computer literacy required for effective use, poor funding for internet services, low bandwidth, copyright and access restrictions and inadequate hardware support. The study concluded that, Internet services are to a high extent utilized for effective library services delivery in Benue State Library. The following recommendations were made that, library administrators should ensure professional development programmes are provided for library staff that can inculcate computer literacy required for delivery of library services and Government should provide funds to the management of academic libraries to acquire internet services necessary for enhancing the effective delivery of library services.
Staff training and development of librarians in academic libraries in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ijeh Cyril Iloba , Dosa John Metonwanu , Akinwole Toluwalope Patience
Published: April 2024

This study explored staff training and development among librarians in academic libraries in Ondo State. The population of this study consisted of sixty one (61) librarians. The entire population was used as sample for the study because it was manageable.. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire. The professional staff are used for the study. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze the data collected. Findings revealed that all the librarians have participated in formal education as well as continuing education programmes followed by ICT training in the library since commencement of work in the libraries; that all of them have positive attitude to training and development programmes while financial constraint, denial of promotion after completion of staff development programme among others are the prevalent factors affecting training and development programmes among the staff. The study concluded that that the librarians have participated in various training and programmes since they began working in the libraries and recommended that the management of the institutions and libraries should make funds available to staff for training and development and well as promote those that have acquired additional qualifications through professional development programmes.
A Case with Angelman Syndrome Carried de novo der(15q;15q) By de novo Paternal Uniparental Disomy
Authors: Karaman Mercan Tuğba , Çiftçi Vildan , Toylu Aslı , Nur Banu , Clark Özden , Berker Karauzum Sibel
Published: April 2024

Angelman syndrome (AS; OMIM 105830) is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder typically caused by maternal chromosome 15q11.2-q13 deletion, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene mutations, paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), or imprinting center mutations. The rate of sporadic Angelman syndrome carrying UPD is known to be 2-3%. Paternal UPD has been detected in approximately 2-3% of AS patients. Many reports have suggested that patients with UPD-associated AS cases are heterodisomic. We reported a case of a 4-year-old patient diagnosed with AS. She presented with dysmorphic features, including a wide mouth with protruding tongue, flexion of both fingers, drooling with mental retardation, absence of speech, disrupted sleep, without self-injuring behavior. Although electroencephalogram (EEG) findings are important to diagnosing AS, specific EEG and also magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were not detected in our case. In the diagnostic process, which began with conventional cytogenetics, genetic analysis was completed using the next-generation sequencing method. A Robertsonian-type translocation of two long arms in derivative chromosome 15 was detected, defining the patient's karyotype as 45,XX,der(15;15)(q10;q10)dn. Haplotype analysis confirmed the presence of paternal uniparental disomy, indicating that the case carried a de novo rob(15q;15q) translocation. The literature, suggests that AS cases with UPD may exhibit milder clinical features compared to those with microdeletion. Consequently, AS cases involving UPD of chromosome 15 can sometimes be overlooked. Therefore, the case presented here serves as an example highlighting the need to evaluate individuals with translocations involving der(15;15) identified through conventional cytogenetics for potential UPD.
Postpartumzorg in de eerste lijn: samenvatting van een multidisciplinaire richtlijn (deel 1)
Authors: Tency I. , Neels H. , Naulaers G. , Van de Velde G. , Vercoutere A. , D'haenens F. , De Catte L. , Raes M. , Cordyn S. , Van Thienen K. , Goossens M. , Van Royen P.
Published: April 2024

Postpartum care in primary care: summary of a multidisciplinary guideline

The lying time at the maternity ward for a healthy woman giving birth to a healthy baby is now on average less than 3 days. Therefore, primary care providers have a greater responsibility in the follow-up of the mother and newborn during the postpartum period.

This article is a summary of the first part of the multidisciplinary guideline Postpartum care in primary care developed by the national Working Group Development of Primary Care Guidelines (WOREL) according to the internationally recognised methods of guideline development. The guideline formulates recommendations for quality postpartum care in collaboration with all involved healthcare providers with the aim of recognising and addressing complications in the newborn and mother in a timely manner.

It is important that healthcare providers know what is normal, which red flags they should not miss, have basic knowledge about conditions and situations, and timely refer the patient to primary or secondary care.

The article describes what attitude to adopt in case of life-threatening and serious complications in the maternity woman (postpartum haemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, venous thromboembolism and endometritis) and the newborn (jaundice, neonatal sepsis, congenital heart defect, dehydration, nutritional difficulties and metabolic disorders), as well as in case of less severe complications or complaints in the maternity woman (perineal pain, headache, constipation, haemorrhoids, urinary incontinence, fatigue and back pain) and the baby (gastro-oesophageal reflux, thrush, nappy dermatitis, intestinal cramps, conjunctivitis, cord infections and fever). Finally, specific situations in both the mother (prevention of antibody formation, rubella vaccination, thyroid disorders and gestational diabetes) and the newborn (cord care, prevention of sudden death, vitamin K and vitamin D substitution, and child abuse) are highlighted.
Use of GnRH Analog Combined with Parenteral Progesterone Following Intravenous Estrogen Administration in the Treatment of Life-Threatening Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA, Katz Jessica , Lee Mabel ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA, A Dumesic Daniel ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
Published: April 2024

Objective: To report a case of life-threatening anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) successfully treated without the use of oral contraceptives
Surgical Repair of a Ventral Penile Fracture: A Case Report
Authors:   Guelmim Regional Hospital Center, Guelmim, Morocco, KADOURI Youssef , LAKSSIR Jihad ,   Department of Urology A, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco, SAHNOUN Zakaria ,   Department of Urology A, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
Published: April 2024

Ventral fracture of the penis, although rare, is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. This injury usually results from direct trauma to the erect penis and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Initially, it requires an attentive clinical assessment and habitually, it is completed with ultrasound to characterize more the fracture and help with the surgical approach. Through this case report, we will present a case about a delicate localization of the fracture, and we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for this condition.
CONFLICT AND REFUGEES CRISIS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: ABANG Sunday Owen , OMITOGUN Olawunmi , OSIFO Kelly , OBUN Maria Kisugu
Published: April 2024

The paper examines conflict and migration in different countries couple with the new crisis facing
global governance in battling refugee’s problem. The major causes of conflict are irreconcilable differences
between political elites and rebels, bad governance and economic crunch leading to war and refugees
movement. Refugees movement have overpopulated border in some states causing socio- economic disputes
in host state sparking up confrontation between the local people and the migrants. The method used in this
research is secondary and interview of returned migrants to ascertain the patterns of treatment and problems
of migration. The study reveals that the pressure of escaping from their homeland either through war or
seeking for jobs in another country have made migrants to be confrontational whenever they get to border
that security guards are mindless of their long distance suffering. The study recommends that there should
be development centres in both developed and developing countries to accommodate migrants running away
from war-like state to stay for four years before repatriation to a place that demand their services, in doing
so, they would have save for the purpose of investment and at the same time discourage request for permanent
status in host state.
HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY – ONE WAY OF EXPLAINING HIGHER EDUCATION MASSIFICATION
Authors: MATACHE Iulian Costin
Published: April 2024

The spectacular increases in schooling figures in the first two decades after the Romanian
Revolution of 1989 are often discussed from the perspective of ”massification” of higher education. Causal
explanations of the expansion of tertiary education as a social phenomenon have been advanced by
academics belonging to different schools of thought. In this paper, I will refer to the explanations of the
school of human capital, whose main exponent is Gary Becker and how the explanation is built around human
capital and technology, two factors that augmentate each other from Becker's perspective. Because
investments in education generate skills, and skills generate technological progress, then this progress
creates a demand for specialized labor and increases the earnings of those who invest in their education.
Therefore, increased earnings are strong incentives to invest in education.
Blake in the Marketplace, 2023
Authors: Crosby Mark
Published: April 2024

Readers will note the change of author for this iteration of the annual sales review. For just over half a century, Robert N. Essick provided this journal with an invaluable survey of Blake’s works, and those of his circle, as they appeared at the auction block and in the catalogues and print drawers of rare-book and art dealers. Drawing on both his scholarly appreciation of Blake and his instincts, honed by a lifetime of collecting, Essick marshaled a wealth of information from an inestimable number of diverse sources, recording and painstakingly cross-referencing Blake’s creative and professional productions as they were advertised, auctioned, bought, sold, or exchanged in any given year. In the following review, I have attempted to preserve his format and structure.
Tenth Forum on Bulgarian Grammar: The Spoken Language Phenomenon
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR BULGARIAN LANGUAGE, BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Koeva Svetla
Published: April 2024

The 10th edition of the Forum on Bulgarian Grammar, titled The Spoken Language Phenomenon, was held in Sofia on 20 and 21 October 2023. The Forum was organised by the Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Bulgarian Language at the Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen. It was dedicated to one of the most distinguished Bulgarian linguists of our time – Corresponding Member Prof. Dr. Todor Boyadzhiev.
The Perception of the Aorist Forms with a Thematic Vowel -A- instead of -О- (A New Study)
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Aleksova Krasimira
Published: April 2024

This paper presents and analyses the results of a non-representative survey on the perception of aorist forms with an unstressed thematic vowel -a- instead of a thematic vowel -o-. My primary objective is to validate the hypothesis that the ability to identify errors of this nature in spoken language depends on the individual's perceptual style. The study encompasses diverse texts that vary in the level of concentration and attention exhibited by the listener. Four perceptual styles are employed: listening to a brief, coherent text; a simple sentence; a three-word list; and a single word. The analysis also evaluates the accuracy of the hypothesis concerning the relationship between respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and their success in identifying the error in aorist forms with an unstressed thematic vowel -a- instead of -o-.
Unstressed Vowel Reduction in Contemporary Standard Bulgarian: Assessing Received Views Against Corpus Findings
Authors:   Saarland University Germany, Sabev Mitko , Andreeva Bistra ,   Saarland University, Germany
Published: April 2024

Bulgarian is often cited in phonological work for its vowel reduction, with the assumption that the six-vowel stressed inventory, /ɛ, a, ɔ, i, ɤ, u/, shrinks to a sub-inventory of three contrastive vowels in unstressed position, /i, ɤ, u/, by virtue of /ɛ, a, ɔ/ raising and merging with /i, ɤ, u/, respectively. The literature in Bulgarian, on the other hand, maintains that /ɛ–i/ do not merge in Standard Bulgarian; that unstressed vowels are more open in immediately pretonic syllables than elsewhere; that unstressed high vowels are lowered, while nonhigh vowels are raised; and that reduction is strongest in /a/. These claims have been challenged in recent work, and we present a new investigation based on 11 615 vowel tokens from 140 speakers in the BulPhonC speech corpus. MANOVA and LMM results provide clear evidence that there is no unstressed high-vowel lowering, no difference between pretonic vs other unstressed vowels, and that unstressed /a–ɤ/ and /ɔ–u/ merge completely through the raising of /a/ and /ɔ/ to [ɤ] and [u], respective-ly. At the same time, unstressed /ɛ–i/ remain spectrally distinct.
The Use of Subordinate Subject Clauses in Advertising Communication
Authors:   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Radeva-Gezenchova Bilyana
Published: April 2024

The article examines subordinate subject clauses introduced with the conjunction да in advertising texts. Attention is paid to what determines the position of the subordinate clause in relation to the main one. The cases where the subordinate clause comes before the main clause are considered, as well as the cases where the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.
Russian-Bulgarian Parallels in the Translations of the Lexis Denoting ‘Separation’ (Based on Material from the Parallel Bilingual Corpus)
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Sedakova Irina A. Sedakova
Published: April 2024

The paper aims to verify the results of the author’s previous studies of the semantics, semiotics and usage of the lexis denoting ‘separation’ in Russian and Bulgarian languages on the materials of the parallel corpus. The analysis confirms that the most frequent equivalent pair is the Russian lexis, originating from sta- and the Bulgarian lexis from děl-. The words depicting the semiotics of separation and being apart (verbs of motion, of physical splitting, lack of sight contact, etc.) in the target language and the original language are characterized. The specific of the Bulgarian and Russian etiquette formulae as they appear in the corpus are outlined.
Phonological Processes in the Acquisition of the Liquid Consonants R and L by Children Acquiring Slavic Languages (According to Prof. Dr. Ivan Georgov and Contemporary Data)
Authors:   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Stoyanova Yuliyana
Published: April 2024

The report is devoted to phonological processes in the acquisition of liquid consonants r and l in early childhood (up to 3 years) by children learning Slavic languages. The starting point of this research is a publication by Prof. Dr. Ivan Georgov from the beginning of the last century (1913). The thesis of the Bulgarian researcher was that up to the age of three, children mastering Slavic languages regularly replace r with l in certain phonological positions due to their similar place of articulation (both are alveolar, differing only in the manner of articulation: r is vibrant, whereas l is lateral). The report compares Georgov's Bulgarian data with contemporary empirical material: contemporary Bulgarian data excerpted from author’s own corpus as well as Polish and Russian data taken from the CHILDES international database). The results point to two main strategies in the acquisition of the vibrant consonant r by children speaking the three Slavic languages: First, a dominant substitution of r with l. This strategy was followed by the Polish children (thus emphasizing the relevance of the conclusions made by Georgov more than a century ago). Second, dominant elision of р (r) along with limited cases of substitution by means of л (l) and (or) й (y). This strategy was followed by the Bulgarian children from the author’s contemporary corpus and by the Russian subject. The differences in the two strategies are explained in the light of the changes in our language over the last decades.
On the Use of Graphic Designations for the Consonant /J/ and Palatalisation in the Rendition of Swedish Names into Bulgarian: Prescriptions and Actual Tendencies in Translators’ Practice
Authors:   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Naydenov Vladimir
Published: April 2024

The article examines the variation in the use of graphical designations of the con-sonant /j/ and palatalisation (<й>, <ь>, <ю> и <я>) in transcriptions of Swedish names into Bulgarian, on the one hand, according to prescriptions published since the 1970s for Swedish (by I. Duridanov in 1974, P. Stoyanov in 1982, and Ordinance No. 6 of 12 June 1995) and for foreign languages in general (by L. Andreychin in 1974, Grammar of the Modern Bulgarian Literary Language in 1983, and the Official Orthographic Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language in 2012), and on the other – in actual translators’ practice as observed in examined publications from the late 1960s to the present day. The variation encompasses, above all, the rendition of: 1. the allophones [ʉ̟ː] and [ɵ] of the Swedish phoneme /ʉ/; 2. the Swedish phonemes /y/ and /ø/, above all in positions after consonants transcribed into Bulgarian with <ш> and <ч>; 3. the Swedish conso-nant /ʝ/ after another consonant, especially before a consonant transcribed with <е>, word-finally and initially in a non-first member of a compound; 4. sequences of a vow-el rendered with <и> or <е> and a vowel rendered with <а>. In spite of significant vacillations and inconsistencies the predominating approaches to case 1 and 2 are the ones recommended by P. Stoyanov and Ordinance No. 6. With respect to word-final /ʝ/ observance of the prescription found in Ordinance No. 6 becomes more common in the 2010s, but remains less usual than the traditional rendition recommended by I. Duridanov. With respect to case 3 and 4 the variation remains significant.
Elisions in Spoken Language and Their Impact on the Bulgarian Language Spoken by Second-Generation Emigrants
Authors:   University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy - Bulgaria, Issa Katya
Published: April 2024

The article examines various manifestations of elision in the oral speech of Bulgarian emigrants living in Sydney, Australia. Parts of informal conversations recorded in a domestic setting, using the involved observation method, are presented. Many elisions prevail in them (in the speech of the first generation), in some words without exception, and these words are perceived by the children (second generation) who were born abroad or left very young with their families, as the only (“correct”) option of the correct speaking. Since native Bulgarian abroad often functions only in its oral form and is practiced only within family and friendly gatherings, the children get the impression that these words are spelled the same way and have no other spelling options. Morphological, syntactic, stylistic, and phonetic interferences were found in the speech of the second generation of emigrants. The deformation is also reinforced by Bulgarian lexemes mutilated by elisions.
Perceptual Recognition of the Duration of Serbian Affricates and Fricatives
Authors:   Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, Serbia, Punišić Silvana , Maksimović Slavica ,   Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, Serbia, Stanković Ivana ,   Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology “Đordđe Kostić”, Serbia
Published: April 2024

The acoustic features are the phonetic system’s inherent features of the language. The characteristics of each speech sound have their variation field within which its realizations are perceived as typical. Sound is perceived as atypical pronunciation out-side the acoustic feature typical boundaries. The objectives of this study were to determine the boundaries on the typical/atypical basis of the identification functions of the probability of perceptual recognition of the duration and their comparison between voicing and voiceless speech sounds in the group of affricate and fricatives. Based on the analysis of the selected speech sounds: / c /, / č /, / dž /, / š /, / ž /, the boundaries of typical and atypical were defined, and they served for the synthesis of stimuli used in perceptive experiments. According to the given procedure, 6300 stimuli were formed. Then they presented to the listeners, who were asked to identify and mark the stimulus based on typical and atypical (extended/shortened) duration. The data analysis found the identification functions of the probability of perceptual recognition of the typical/atypical duration for the examined speech sounds at the initial position in words, by which the limits of the typical/atypical duration of the stated speech sounds were determined. The results have shown the existence of categorical perception through the emergence of a higher sensitivity of the perceptive mechanism to a reduction in duration (a greater inclination of the identification function of the probability of perceptual recognition of typical/atypical duration) than of prolonging the duration of the voice, which demonstrated that the label of duration could be a good indicator of deviation in articulation. In addition, it has been shown that there have been differences in the function of the probability of perceptual recognition of the duration of voicing and voiceless speech sounds, which explanation requires further research.
YES or NO in Spoken Language (Or on Negation and Affirmation in Spoken Language and the Function of the Particles YES and NO)
Authors:   ST. CYRIL AND ST. METHODIUS UNIVERSITY OF VELIKO TARNOVO, Sasheva Verka
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to present some specifics of affirmation and negation found in the spoken language. Special attention was paid both to the competition between yes and no, and to the competition between these particles and other parts of speech – interjections, particles and pronominal adverbs. Emphasis was also placed on the pragmatic function of these particles, without at the same time neglecting their modal meaning. Conclusions were drawn as to which of the two particles has greater functionalsemantic diversity in conversational discourse.
On the Characteristic Features of the Syntax of Spoken Bulgarian
Authors:   SOUTH-WEST UNIVERSITY “NEOPHYTE RILSKY”, Tsonev Radoslav
Published: April 2024

The article briefly presents some of the most specific features of the syntax of the Bulgarian colloquial speech: the special syntactic constructions that occur in informal communication (reduplicative constructions, elliptical constructions, reconstructions, hyperbats, anacoluthons, etc.), the different word order, the specific usage of the coordinating and subordinating connectives (defined in syntactical literature as colloquial), the frequent presence of asyndetism (conjunctionless connection of individual elements in the utterance and of different utterances), the rivalry between parataxis and hypo-taxis emerging in the conversation, etc. All these characteristic features clearly distinguish the colloquial syntax from the syntax of the Bulgarian literary (normative) language.
On Some Continuing Trends in Colloquial Spoken Bulgarian and the Language of the Media over the Last Ten Years
Authors:   NEW BULGARIAN UNIVERSITY, Tsvetkova Marieta
Published: April 2024

The article describes three continuous trends in Bulgarian colloquial speech. The first one is related to changes in the use of verbs, consisting of: a) swarming of verbs derived from nouns, incl. from foreign words, and b) condensing of the expression by omission of: the verb to drive/cause, the reflexive particle se and some prepositions. A survey was conducted on the use of verbs registered as having undergone a process of dereflexivity and/or transitivisation. The answers of respondents point to an over-whelming disapproval of the described verb use strategies. Thus, a more appropriate and accurate way to define this process is as an effort to condense the expression by omitting certain elements, which is in accordance with the principle of economy in colloquial speech. The second trend presented is the progressive reduction of the use of forms expressing politeness and their increasingly frequent replacement with forms for informal ad-dressing. There is a relatively high degree of tolerance towards this speech practice from both researchers and native speakers. The third trend concerns the use of two types of short fixed expressions/clichés, rep-resenting constructions with one or two fixed components and one or two variables. They condense the maximum content into a short form and “leave” freedom for interpretation by the interlocutor/listener, being additionally marked either by strong expressiveness or originality (usually purposefully sought), which adds another element for “interpreting and decoding” by the interlocutor/listener.