bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Hemoglobin and Red Blood Cell Mass Levels as Dynamic Prognostic Markers for Progression and Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Halperin Reut , Ahron-Hananel Genya , Badarna Muhamad , Greidinger Dahlia , Uri Inbal , Percik Ruth , Tirosh Amit
Published: December 2021

There are scarce data on readily available markers enabling immediate risk stratification and personalized management in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This study explores the association of red blood cells-related parameters as prognostic markers in patients harboring pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Retrospective analysis of a tertiary medical center database, acquiring data of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors including demographics, tumor-related parameters and consecutive imaging results, vital status at last follow-up, and red blood cells parameters at baseline, last follow-up, and dynamics (last/baseline ratio). Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Sixty-seven patients were identified (mean age at diagnosis of 63±11 years, 56.7% males). Patients with disease progression had lower hemoglobin, red blood cells mass values and hematocrit at the last evaluation (p<0.001 for all comparisons), with red blood cells mass level<3.9 m/μl and a 6% and 9% relative reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, respectively, associated with an increased risk for disease progression. Similarly, patients deceased during the study period had lower hemoglobin, red blood cells mass values and hematocrit (p<0.03 for all) than those alive, at last follow-up. Eleven percent reduction in hemoglobin level was noted indicating a higher mortality risk (p=0.04). Negative hemoglobin and hematocrit dynamics were independently associated with increased risk for disease progression (p=0.03 and 0.049, respectively). In conclusion, decrease in red blood cells mass, hemoglobin and/or hematocrit levels are all associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. We suggest utilizing these parameters as complementary follow-up prognostic markers to radiologic imaging in this patients population.
Serum Irisin and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kawada Tomoyuki
Published: December 2021

Dear Editor,

I read the article by Wang et al., who conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between serum irisin levels and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 1. The mean serum irisin level in T2DM patients with microalbuminuria was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria. In addition, the mean serum irisin level in T2DM patients with macroalbuminuria was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients with microalbuminuria. Furthermore, the mean serum irisin level in T2DM patients with estimated glomerular infiltration rate (eGFR)<60 ml/min 1.73 m2 was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients with eGFR≥60 ml/min 1.73 m2. The authors concluded that decreased serum irisin level was associated with albuminuria and reduced eGFR in T2DM patients. DN was significantly related to decreased serum irisin level in T2DM patients with dose-response manner. Progression of DN may be considered as advanced DM status, and serum irisin level would reflect glucose intolerance via insulin resistance. I have a comment about their study with special reference to the fundamental relationship between the types of DM and serum irisin levels.
Stopping the energy runaway in computing
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: December 2021

Magnetic straintronics could lead to lower power consumption in electronics.
Design of a homologous series of molecular glassformers
Authors: Wolf Sarah E. , Liu Tianyi , Govind Shivajee , Zhao Haoqiang , Huang Georgia , Zhang Aixi , Wu Yu , Chin Jocelyn , Cheng Kevin , Salami-Ranjbaran Elmira , Gao Feng , Gao Gui , Jin Yi , Pu Youge , Toledo Thiago Gomes , Ablajan Keyume , Walsh Patrick J. , Fakhraai Zahra
Published: December 2021

We design and synthesize a set of homologous organic molecules by taking advantage of facile and tailorable Suzuki cross coupling reactions to produce triarylbenzene derivatives. By adjusting the number and the arrangement of conjugated rings, the identity of heteroatoms, lengths of fluorinated alkyl chains, and other interaction parameters, we create a library of glassformers with a wide range of properties. Measurements of the glass transition temperature (Tg) show a power-law relationship between Tg and molecular weight (MW), with of the molecules, with an exponent of 0.3 ± 0.1, for Tg values spanning a range of 300–450 K. The trends in indices of refraction and expansion coefficients indicate a general increase in the glass density with MW, consistent with the trends observed in Tg variations. A notable exception to these trends was observed with the addition of alkyl and fluorinated alkyl groups, which significantly reduced Tg and increased the dynamical fragility (which is otherwise insensitive to MW). This is an indication of reduced density and increased packing frustrations in these systems, which is also corroborated by the observations of the decreasing index of refraction with increasing length of these groups. These data were used to launch a new database for glassforming materials, glass.apps.sas.upenn.edu.
High-frequency spin wave modes excited by strain pulse in vortex state magnetostrictive nanomagnets
Authors: Cui Huanqing , Yang Xiaokuo , Ni Lin , Zhang Mingliang , Liu Jiahao , Wei Bo , Chen Yabo , Yuan Jiahui
Published: December 2021

Using micromagnetic simulations, we find that the high frequency spin wave modes of vortexes in circular magnetostrictive nanomagnets can be excited by in-plane strain pulses, which are quite distinct from the spin wave modes excited by magnetic field pulses. The spectrum and spatial distribution of spin wave modes are obtained as a function of the diameter (D) and thickness (L) of nanomagnets. Our results show that the increase in diameter leads to a redshift of the frequencies of spin wave modes. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of ring shape impurities on the high frequency spin wave modes, and it is found that both the type and position of impurities can be used to tailor the strain induced spin wave spectroscopy of magnetic vortexes. Our findings provide meaningful guidelines for the further study of strain-mediated sub-nanosecond magnetization dynamics, which may obviously improve the operating frequency of straintronic devices.
Drag reduction by a flexible afterbody
Authors: Mao Qian , Zhao Jiazhen , Liu Yingzheng , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: December 2021

The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a flexible afterbody was explored by using the penalty immersed-boundary method. The flexible afterbody is constituted by a trailing closed flexible filament. A volume penalty method was adopted to conserve the volume of a flexible afterbody during deformation. Simulations of a rigid plate without a flexible afterbody and with a rigid afterbody were also performed for comparison. The results of the present simulation show the same tendency as the experimental data, in which the maximum drag reduction was obtained at a particular length of the flexible filament irrespective of the bending rigidity. We analyzed the underlying mechanism of drag reduction in detail by examining wake patterns, pressure distributions, flapping modes, and the average kinetic energy (E¯k) of the flexible afterbody. The contributions of form drag and skin friction drag to the total drag were determined as functions of the length of a flexible afterbody. An appropriately shaped flexible afterbody delays vortex formation and weakens the vorticity and negative pressure, resulting in drag reduction. Active flapping of the afterbody adversely affects drag reduction. Drag is reduced by increasing the Reynolds number (Re). Drag is insensitive to E¯k but sensitive to the flapping amplitude of the flexible afterbody as Re increases.
Clarification of basic concepts for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness
Authors: Peng Mengyue , Qin Faxiang
Published: December 2021

There exists serious miscomprehension in the open literature about the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) as a critical index to evaluate the shielding performance, which is misleading to the graduates and newcomers embarking on the field of electromagnetic shielding materials. EMI SE is defined as the sum of three terms including reflection loss, absorption loss, and multiple reflection loss in the classical Schelkunoff theory, while it is decomposed into two terms named reflection loss and absorption loss in practice, which is called Calculation theory here. In this paper, we elucidate the widely seen misconceptions connected with EMI SE via theoretical derivation and instance analysis. First, the terms in Calculation theory are often mistakenly regarded as the approximation of the terms with the same names in Schelkunoff theory when multiple reflection loss is negligible. Second, it is insufficient and unreasonable to determine the absorption-dominant shielding performance in the case that absorption loss is higher than reflection loss since reflection loss and absorption loss cannot represent the actual levels of reflected and absorbed power. Power coefficients are recommended to compare the contribution of reflection and absorption to shielding performance. Third, multiple reflection effect is included in the definitions of reflection loss and absorption loss in Calculation theory, and the effect of multiple reflections on shielding property is clarified as against the commonly wrong understandings. These clarifications offer correct comprehension about the shielding mechanism and assessment of reflection and absorption contribution to the total shielding.
Spelling patterns of plural marking and learning trajectories in French taught as a foreign language
Authors: Weth Constanze , Ugen Sonja , Fayol Michel , Bîlici Natalia
Published: December 2021

Although French plural spelling has been studied extensively, the complexity of factors affecting the learning of French plural spelling are not yet fully explained, namely on the level of adjectival and verbal plural. This study investigates spelling profiles of French plural markers of 228 multilingual grade 5 pupils with French taught as a foreign language.

Three analyses on the learner performances of plural spelling in nouns, verbs and pre- and postnominal attributive adjectives were conducted (1) to detect the pupils’ spelling profiles of plural marking on the basis of the performances in the pretest, (2) to test the profiles against two psycholinguistic theories, and (3) to evaluate the impact of the training on each spelling profile in the posttest.

The first analysis confirms the existing literature that pupils’ learning of French plural is not random but ordered and emphasizes the role of the position for adjectives (pre- or postnominal) on correct plural spelling. The second analysis reveals the theoretical difficulties of predicting spelling of adjectival and verbal plural. The third analysis shows that strong and poor spellers both benefit from a morphosyntactic training and provides transparency and traceability of the learning trajectories.

Together, the descriptive analyses reveal clear patterns of intra-individual spelling profiles. They point to a need for further research in those areas that have empirically provided the most inconsistent results to date and that are not supported by the theories: verbs and adjectives.
Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Authors: Hilligan Kerry L. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Clancy Chad S. , O’Mard Danielle , Oland Sandra D. , Robertson Shelly J. , Baker Paul J. , Castro Ehydel , Garza Nicole L. , Lafont Bernard A.P. , Johnson Reed , Ronchese Franca , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Best Sonja M. , Sher Alan
Published: December 2021

In addition to providing partial protection against pediatric tuberculosis, vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been reported to confer nonspecific resistance to unrelated pulmonary pathogens, a phenomenon attributed to the induction of long-lasting alterations within the myeloid cell compartment. Here, we demonstrate that intravenous, but not subcutaneous, inoculation of BCG protects human-ACE2 transgenic mice against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) and results in reduced viral loads in non-transgenic animals infected with an α variant. The observed increase in host resistance was associated with reductions in SCV2-induced tissue pathology, inflammatory cell recruitment, and cytokine production that multivariate analysis revealed as only partially related to diminished viral load. We propose that this protection stems from BCG-induced alterations in the composition and function of the pulmonary cellular compartment that impact the innate response to the virus and ensuing immunopathology. While intravenous BCG vaccination is not a clinically acceptable practice, our findings provide an experimental model for identifying mechanisms by which nonspecific stimulation of the pulmonary immune response promotes host resistance to SCV2 lethality.
Structural basis of the super- and hyper-relaxed states of myosin II
Authors: Craig Roger , Padrón Raúl
Published: December 2021

Super-relaxation is a state of muscle thick filaments in which ATP turnover by myosin is much slower than that of myosin II in solution. This inhibited state, in equilibrium with a faster (relaxed) state, is ubiquitous and thought to be fundamental to muscle function, acting as a mechanism for switching off energy-consuming myosin motors when they are not being used. The structural basis of super-relaxation is usually taken to be a motif formed by myosin in which the two heads interact with each other and with the proximal tail forming an interacting-heads motif, which switches the heads off. However, recent studies show that even isolated myosin heads can exhibit this slow rate. Here, we review the role of head interactions in creating the super-relaxed state and show how increased numbers of interactions in thick filaments underlie the high levels of super-relaxation found in intact muscle. We suggest how a third, even more inhibited, state of myosin (a hyper-relaxed state) seen in certain species results from additional interactions involving the heads. We speculate on the relationship between animal lifestyle and level of super-relaxation in different species and on the mechanism of formation of the super-relaxed state. We also review how super-relaxed thick filaments are activated and how the super-relaxed state is modulated in healthy and diseased muscles.
Soft matter research in India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ranjini , Horbach Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Research on soft matter and biological physics has grown tremendously in India over the past decades. In this editorial, we summarize the twenty-three research papers that were contributed to the special issue on Soft matter research in India. The papers in this issue highlight recent exciting advances in this rapidly expanding research area and include theoretical studies and numerical simulations of soft and biological systems, the synthesis and characterization of novel, functional soft materials and experimental investigations of their complex flow behaviours.
Spectral stability of pattern-forming fronts in the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with a quenching mechanism
Authors: Goh Ryan , de Rijk Björn
Published: December 2021

We consider pattern-forming fronts in the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with a traveling spatial heterogeneity which destabilises, or quenches, the trivial ground state while progressing through the domain. We consider the regime where the heterogeneity propagates with speed c just below the linear invasion speed of the pattern-forming front in the associated homogeneous system. In this situation, the front locks to the interface of the heterogeneity leaving a long intermediate state lying near the unstable ground state, possibly allowing for growth of perturbations. This manifests itself in the spectrum of the linearisation about the front through the accumulation of eigenvalues onto the absolute spectrum associated with the unstable ground state. As the quench speed c increases towards the linear invasion speed, the absolute spectrum stabilises with the same rate at which eigenvalues accumulate onto it allowing us to rigorously establish spectral stability of the front in

L

2

(

R

)

. The presence of unstable absolute spectrum poses a technical challenge as spatial eigenvalues along the intermediate state no longer admit a hyperbolic splitting and standard tools such as exponential dichotomies are unavailable. Instead, we projectivise the linear flow, and use Riemann surface unfolding in combination with a superposition principle to study the evolution of subspaces as solutions to the associated matrix Riccati differential equation on the Grassmannian manifold. Eigenvalues can then be identified as the roots of the meromorphic Riccati–Evans function, and can be located using winding number and parity arguments.
On the group of isometries of planar IFS fractals*
Authors: Deng Qi-Rong , Yao Yong-Hua
Published: December 2021

For any iterated function system (IFS) on

R

2

, let K be the attractor. Consider the group of all isometries on K. If K is a self-similar or self-affine set, it is proven that the group must be finite. If K is a bi-Lipschitz IFS fractal, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the infiniteness (or finiteness) of the group are given. For the finite case, the computation of the size of the group is also discussed.
Continuity of sub-additive topological pressure with matrix cocycles
*
Authors: Zou Rui , Cao Yongluo , Zhao Yun
Published: December 2021

Let A = {A
1, A
2, …, A

k
} be a finite collection of contracting affine maps, the corresponding pressure function P(A, s) plays the fundamental role in the study of dimension of self-affine sets. The zero of the pressure function always give the upper bound of the dimension of a self-affine set, and is exactly the dimension of ‘typical’ self-affine sets. In this paper, we consider an expanding base dynamical system, and establish the continuity of the pressure with the singular value function of a Hölder continuous matrix cocycle. This extends Feng and Shmerkin’s result in (Feng and Shmerkin 2014 Geom. Funct. Anal.
24 1101–1128) to a general setting.
1D reconfigurable bistable photonic device composed of phase change material for detection of reproductive female hormones
Authors: Aly Arafa H , Awasthi S K , Mohamed Asmaa M. , Al-Dossari M. , Matar Z. S. , Mohaseb M. A. , El-Gawaad N S Abd , Amin A. F.
Published: December 2021

In this manuscript one-dimensional (1D) photonic biosensor (PQ)
N

GDG(PQ)
N
composed of phase change material (PCM) germanium antimony telluride (GST) has been studied in visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. This design is capable of label free recognition of reproductive hormones of female which are significant during reproductive process such as menstruation and parturition. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity separated by two buffer layers of GST material. The GST buffer layers have been used to improve the sensing performance of the structure. The modified cavity associated with buffer GST layers is sandwiched between two 1D photonic structures (PS) (PQ)
N
. Both 1D PS are consisted of alternate material layers of SiO2 and Si of period 5. The transmission spectra of proposed design have been obtained by using transfer matrix method and MATLAB software. In this work the performance of the devise has been investigated for normal and oblique incidence corresponding to TE wave only under the influence of change of phases of GST. The mainstay of this research is focused on the tunable performance of proposed bio-sensing design due to switching between amorphous phase (aGST) and crystalline phase (cGST) of GST. Moreover how the change in the thickness of cavity region as well as angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave affects the performance of the design has also been studied. The sensitivity, quality factor and figure of merit values of the design have also been studied to get deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design under the influence of crystalline and amorphous phases of GST. Thus due to simple architecture and excellent switchable and reconfigurable characteristics, our structure works efficiently in industrial and biomedical refractive index based sensing applications.
Exploring the early Universe with Gaia and Theia
Authors: Garcia-Bellido Juan , Murayama Hitoshi , White Graham
Published: December 2021

It has recently been pointed out that Gaia is capable of detecting a stochastic gravitational wave background in the sensitivity band between the frequency of pulsar timing arrays and LISA. We argue that Gaia and Theia have great potential for early universe cosmology, since such a frequency range is ideal for probing phase transitions in asymmetric dark matter, SIMP and the cosmological QCD transition. Furthermore, there is the potential for detecting primordial black holes in the solar mass range produced during such an early universe transition and distinguish them from those expected from the QCD epoch. Finally, we discuss the potential for Gaia and Theia to probe topological defects and the ability of Gaia to potentially shed light on the recent NANOGrav results.
Contributions from primordial non-Gaussianity and general relativity to the galaxy power spectrum
Authors: Martinez-Carrillo Rebeca , Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Malik Karim A. , Pourtsidou Alkistis
Published: December 2021

We compute the real space galaxy power spectrum, including the leading order effects of General Relativity and primordial non-Gaussianity from the f
NL and g
NL parameters. Such contributions come from the one-loop matter power spectrum terms dominant at large scales, and from the factors of the non-linear bias parameter b
NL (akin to the Newtonian b
ϕ). We assess the detectability of these contributions in Stage-IV surveys. In particular, we note that specific values of the bias parameter may erase the primordial and relativistic contributions to the configuration space power spectrum.
Autonomous identification of high-contact surfaces from convolutional neural networks
Authors: Alonso Angie , Peña Andres , Martínez Fredy
Published: December 2021

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has highlighted many social interaction problems that favor the spread of disease, particularly airborne spread, which can be addressed by adjusting existing systems. Of particular interest are places where large numbers of people interact, as they become a focus for the spread of these diseases. This paper proposes and evaluates an autonomous identification scheme for certain surfaces considered high risk due to their continuous handling. These high-contact surfaces can be identified by an autonomous system to apply specific cleaning tasks to them. We evaluate three convolutional models from a proprietary dataset with a total of 2000 images ranging from wall switches to water dispensers. The objective is to identify the ideal architecture for the system. The ResNet (Residual Neural Network), DenseNet (Dense Convolutional Network), and NASNet (Neural Architecture Search Network) models were selected due to their high performance reported in the literature. The models are evaluated with specialized metrics in non-binary classification problems, and the best scheme is selected for prototype development.
COMSOL modeling of the lightning-generated electric field distribution in a chain of insulators of a 115 kV power transmission line
Authors: Cadena A F , Mendoza J S , Ibáñez H F
Published: December 2021

The transmission lines installed in our city, to the outskirts of it and in the rest of the national territory produce a level of emissions of electric field, these levels vary depending on the physical disposition of the drivers, the distance between spans, the voltage level of the line, among others. These values must respect the exposure limits for individuals, as stipulated in Article 14 of RETIE. In this work will be developed a study of distribution of the electric field along a chain of insulators standard of tempered glass of a transmission line of 115 kV with the aid of the software COMSOL Multiphysics, to the impact of an atmospheric discharge on the storage cable with the help of ATPDraw software, taking into account variations in the value of the earthing resistance of the structure. With the electric field distribution values obtained by means of simulations carried out in the COMSOL Multiphysics software, comparisons are made of the magnitude of the obtained field, taking as a reference the stable state of the system without condition of pollutants. Initially a simulation of a transmission line of 115 kV is performed in the ATPDraw software, analyzing the lightning impulse generated on the guard cable, at different values of grounding resistance, to determine the waveform and reached value of overvoltage in the insulator chain. Then the overvoltage signal obtained with the help of ATPDraw software is recreated in the COMSOL Multiphysics software, to be able to visualize the distribution and behavior of the electric field along the chain, taking into account the different factors involved in the process, pollutants such as salinity, themes such as travelling waves etc. and thus determine possible line isolation failures by comparing the values achieved by simulating in COMSOL Multiphysics with respect to the CFO of the insulator chain.
Computational Tool for Determining the Model in Sequence Components of Overhead Transmission Lines
Authors: Guerrero Luis Imbachi , Rubio Fredy Jiménez , Barrera Mario Rodríguez , Ramírez Diego Giral
Published: December 2021

An indispensable element in addressing the current problem of non-ionizing electromagnetic pollution in the environment is a review of the levels of exposure to the electric and magnetic fields produced by the lines of electric power transmission and distribution systems. In order to establish the exposure levels, it is necessary to determine the model of the lines. Considering that a computational simulation is a helpful tool for power system analysis, this article presents a computational tool developed in Matlab App Designer for the model-in-sequence components of the parameters that make up a transmission line. This tool allows the user to work in a friendly and parameterizable environment according to the performed tests. In order to verify the tool’s performance, two case studies are implemented. The first one is for a transposed transmission line and the second one for a non-transposed transmission line. The results obtained are compared with commercial software, acquiring a maximum error of 0.16402 %.
Optimal Power Dispatch of Dispersed Sources in Direct-Current Networks with Nonlinear Loads
Authors: Montoya O. D. , Garrido V.M. , Grisales-Noreña L.F.
Published: December 2021

The problem of the optimal power dispatch of dispersed generators in direct-current networks under the presence of nonlinear loads (constant power terminals) is addressed through a combinatorial optimization strategy by using a master-slave solution methodology. The optimal power generation in the dispersed is solved in the master optimization stage through the application of the vortex-search algorithm. Each combination of the power outputs at the dispersed generation sources is provided to a power flow methodology known as the hyperbolic power flow approach for direct current networks. The main advantage of the proposed optimization method corresponds to the possibility of solving a complex nonlinear programming problem via sequential quadratic programming, which can be easily implemented at any programming language with low computational effort and high-quality results. The computational tests of the master-slave optimization proposal are evaluated in a 21-bus system, and the numerical results are compared with the implementation of the exact nonlinear programming model in the General Algebraic Modeling System (i.e., GAMS). All the computational results are conducted through the MATLAB programming environment licensed by Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira for academic usage.
Case study on application of digital radiography in cable
Authors: Xie Yi , Liu Jianjun , Feng Chao , Zhang Jun , Liu Sanwei , Chen Dabing
Published: December 2021

Because of the frequent occurrence of power cable fault, rapid and accurate fault diagnosis is an important subject in this field. In this paper, the DR detection cases of cables and related components with different voltage levels are described and analyzed based on the research work of radiographic detection carried out by our research group in the field of cables and their accessories in the recent three years. The results show that the technology can effectively detect and analyze the internal damage of cable outer breaking point, the ablative defect of cable buffer layer, the size and position deviation of cable joint. Due to the large number of cable layers and material types, the paper also gives some solutions to the problem of shielding copper core and some examples of abnormal image identification. Cable ontology, cable joints and other accessories produced by different manufacturers have certain structural differences due to numerous processes and procedures. It is necessary to continue to carry out research on DR testing for cable engineering structural parts of different types, establish relevant standard comparison atlas and provide reference for the application of DR technology in the field of cable testing.
ITLCS Based on OpenCV Image Processing Technology
Authors: Gong Suning , Huan Zhiying , JI Mingmei , Chen Xinxin , Bao Yuanqiu
Published: December 2021

With the rapid growth of the number of motor vehicles in the city, traffic congestion is more serious every day, part of it is caused by the coding delay with the red light on, not real traffic jams, now we need a control system that can really change the traffic flow. In this paper, ITLCS (intelligent traffic signal control system) based on OpenCV image processing technology is proposed to adjust the timing of traffic signal according to road density, instead of setting a level that is balanced with other lanes, so that high-load traffic lanes can be used for a long time. The camera facing the roadway in the system takes pictures of the driving route, then takes pictures of the driving density of pedestrians and vehicles, and compares each image through processing technology, after the system is processed, the traffic light signal timing can be adjusted immediately, which greatly reduces the time spent on the inactive green light and can effectively deal with the traffic congestion problem.
Application of Computer Algorithm in Fault Diagnosis System of RM Equipment
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Yang Guanglu , Cui Yan , Wei Xinfeng , Qiao Wensheng
Published: December 2021

At present, modern mechanical equipment is gradually developing towards large-scale and intelligent, which leads to more and more complex equipment structure. Therefore, people have higher and higher requirements for intelligent fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment, which leads to the application of various algorithms to mechanical equipment. Among them, rotating machinery (hereinafter referred to as RM) mainly relies on rotating action to complete specific functions, such as gearbox, gas turbine, generator and engine, which are often the core components of mechanical equipment. Therefore, the FSGS (hereinafter referred to as FSGS) of RM equipment has become a very key link in system design and maintenance, which requires designers to constantly overcome the original intelligent diagnosis system. Through a variety of deep learning algorithms, we can improve the diagnosis efficiency of automatic monitoring and diagnosis equipment, which can also reduce the loss caused by untimely diagnosis. Firstly, this paper analyzes the types of application of computer algorithms in the fault body segment system of RM equipment. Then, this paper analyzes an algorithm, which can better improve the diagnosis efficiency of the equipment.
Fast Torque Optimization Technology of Brushless Motor Using ANSYS Finite Element Software and Maxwell2D
Authors: Chen Ping , Chang Xiangran
Published: December 2021

In recent years, due to the large-scale research and development of brushless DC motor and the gradually mature technology, the distribution range of its drive system in industrial production has also expanded, and has gradually become the development mainstream [1] in the field of industrial automation. With the continuous development of industry, the motor control has also emerged more and more ways [2]. The operation principle of external rotor brushless motor is studied, a typical 12-slot 14 extremely concentrated winding UAV motor is described, and the optimization design of tooth groove torque and torque pulse is analyzed. Using ANSYS finite element software and Maxwell2D magnetic field, Optislang compares the sensitivity of different pole arc coefficients, negative length, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the optimization method to provide effective basis for motor optimization design.
Research on Computer Aided Test System for Sealing Characteristics of Hydraulic Support Pure Water Hydraulic Cylinder
Authors: Huang Yuanzhi
Published: December 2021

The sealing characteristics of the hydraulic cylinder in the hydraulic support will have an momentous implication on the safety and reliability of the whole system. The traditional test methods of the sealing characteristics of hydraulic support pure water hydraulic cylinder have many shortcomings, such as single means, complex process, poor accuracy and low efficiency. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the sealing principle and function of hydraulic support pure water hydraulic cylinder, then studies the CAT system of hydraulic support, and finally gives the design and utilization process of CAT system for sealing characteristics of hydraulic support pure water hydraulic cylinder.
Features of anodic plasma electrolytic treatment of an ultra-light alloy of the Mg-Li system in an aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Tambovskiy I V , Krit B L , Kusmanov S A , Perkov A S , Morozova N V , Medvetskova V M , Vdovichenko R A , Palenov I R
Published: December 2021

The possibility of plasma electrolytic treatment of an alloy of the Mg-Li system in an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and boric acid has been studied. The specific features of the process in the voltage range from 10 to 600 V are determined. The current-voltage and voltage-temperature characteristics during alloy processing are shown, as well as the effect of the processing time on the temperature of the samples. Plasma electrolytic boronitriding of the alloy can be carried out to study the efficiency of the technology at avoltage of 240 V, which corresponds to a sample temperature of 300 ± 10 °C.
Cathodic boriding and anodic polishing of medium-carbon steel by plasma electrolysis
Authors: Korableva S S , Palenov I R , Naumov I M , Smirnov A A , Kusmanova I A , Gorokhov I S , Belov R D , Sokova E V , Bestchetnikova K I
Published: December 2021

The possibility of cathodic plasma electrolytic boriding of medium-carbon steel in an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and boric acid followed by anodic plasma electrolytic polishing in an ammonium sulfate solution on the same equipment with a change in the operating voltage is shown. The morphology and roughness of the surface, microhardness of the modified layer have been investigated. Wear resistance was studied under dry friction conditions. It has been established that cathodic boriding at 850 °C for 5–30 min leads to the hardening of the surface layer up to 1050 HV with an increase in roughness by 1.5–2.5 times and wear resistance by 3.5 times. Subsequent anodic plasma electrolytic polishing of the boriding surface leads to a decrease in roughness with an increase in wear resistance by 2.3 times.
A comparative study of the effect of ions of different atomic masses on the magnetoresistive properties of Co90Fe10/Cu superlattices
Authors: Gushchina N V , Shalomov K V , Ovchinnikov V V , Bannikova N S , Zavornitsyn R S , Milyaev M A
Published: December 2021

The effect of inert gas ions with different atomic masses (Ar+, Xe+) on the magnetoresistance of Co90Fe10/Cu superlattices deposited on a silicon substrate has been investigated by comparison. The Ar+ ion irradiation has been found to decrease the magnetoresistance more significantly than Xe+ ion irradiation, which seems to be due to a larger average projective range for Ar+ (Rp = 5–6 nm) than that for Xe+ (Rp = 3.3–4.3 nm) and, accordingly, a greater depth of the atom mixing zone (∽(2–3)×Rp) when ions move from the top layers of the superlattice toward the substrate.
Development of a method for calculating the LTEC anisotropy of Zr alloys
Authors: Betsofen S Ya , Speransky K A , Bespalov A V , Alexandrova S S
Published: December 2021

The accuracy of determining the LTEC with respect to metals and alloys with an HCP lattice based on inverse pole figures (IPF) is analyzed depending on the number of experimental points on the IPF using three averaging options: (1) taking into account the irregular arrangement of reflections on the stereographic triangle according to Morris; (2) by the multiplicity factor and (3) with the same weight of each orientation. It is shown that when evaluating the LTEC for semi-finished products with a basal texture, 17 reflections on the IPF are sufficient to provide an error of <1% when using Morris averaging and the multiplicity factor; in the case of a prismatic texture, an error of <1% is provided by all three averaging options, while Morris averaging is minimal.
Possible nature of electrical conductivity of the corund-graphene composite
Authors: Zholnin A G , Hafizov R S
Published: December 2021

The effect of sintering modes on the electrical conductivity of the corundum-graphene composite is investigated. The assumption about the nature of the electrically conductive structure and the conditions of its formation is substantiated.
Electrolytic superconducting niobium coatings for a cryogyroscope rotor: creation and properties
Authors: Okunev M A , Dubrovskiy A R , Makarova O V , Kuznetsov S A
Published: December 2021

Electrodeposition of niobium coatings on spherical substrates for a cryogyroscope rotor made of carbopyroceram was considered. A special design of the installation for obtaining coatings on spherical samples was created. The coatings were applied at a temperature of 750°C with the cathodic current density of 5·10−3 - 2–10−2 A·cm−2 and the electrolysis time of 8-12 h. It was found that the use of a cathodic current density of 2·10−2 A·cm−2 and higher is impractical, because there is a roughening of the coatings surface. The composition of electrolytic coatings was identified by XRD analysis. The macrostructure of niobium coatings was studied using electron microscopy. The concentration of metallic impurities in the niobium coatings was defined by spectral quantitative analysis. The content of gas impurities was determined by gas chromatography. The roughness, nonsphericity, and superconductive properties of niobium coatings were investigated.
Experimental study of the hydrothermal reactivity of oxalic acid under high pressure
Authors: Chen Kefei , Li Yuanju , Zhang Chen , Zhou Shixin , Li Jing , Li Pengpeng , Sun Zexiang , Meng Bingkun , Fu Deliang
Published: December 2021

The thermal stability of organic acids has a close relationship with the formation mechanism of secondary pores in deep reservoirs. Experiments were conducted to investigate the thermal stability of oxalic acid under high pressure and the influence of K-feldspar on oxalic acid decomposition. The experiment temperatures were set in the range of 130-330°C and each experiment was performed for 72h under 60MPa. Results show that both temperature and K-feldspar have significant influence on the decomposition of oxalic acid. The oxalic acid decomposed slowly at temperatures less than 180°C, and most of the oxalic acid decomposed at temperatures between 180°C and 230°C. Besides, the decarboxylation reaction proceeded more slowly in the presence of K-feldspar than the mineral-free experiments, which is most likely attributed to the increasing pH caused by dissolution. In addition, because the decomposition rate of oxalic acid was low, the K-feldspar dissolution was not affected at temperatures lower than 230°C.
Integrated Feed of Improved Grass with Legume-Food Crops for enhancing the Growth Performance of Male Fattening Bali Cattle in West Timor
Authors: Maranatha Grace , Fattah Sukawaty , Nulik Jacob , Lole Ulrikus R.
Published: December 2021

The quality of cattle feed plays a significant role in increasing the performance quality of beef cattle. Most of the farmers are facing constraint to provide the good feed in affordable prices. This research was aimed to determine the effect of given integration feed of improved-legume and food crops to daily weight gain, chest girth, shoulder height and body length of fattening Bali cattle of farmers in West Timor. The research method was arranged as in a double Latin Square Design (LSD), consisted of 5 treatments (T0; local feeds by farmers in West Timor. T1; integration feed of Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima, T2; integration feed of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima, T3; integration feed Setaria sphacelata + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima, T4; integration feed Brachiaria decumbens + legume Clitoria ternatea + corn + Vigna umbellata + Cucurbita maxima) and 5 periods as replications. The observed responses were weight gain, chest circumference, shoulder height and length of fattening. The observed animals were 10 male Bali cattle that belongs to farmers and with an age ranged between 1-1.5 years and body weight ranged between 101-134 kg (average of 114.25 kg and a coefficient variation (CV) of 6.12%). The results showed that the integrated feed gave a significantly different performance of beef cattle. The most economical composition of integrated feed was the T1 which was able to increase the performance of the cattle compared with the control treatment. This results concluded that the integrated feed fed had a very significant effect on the daily body weight gain, chest girth, shoulder height and body length of the fattened Bali cattle. Economically and the ease of use of feed fed indicated that the composition of T1 treatment gave a greater contribution of 23.53% compared with the control treatment.
Thermal analysis of Indonesian copper sulphide
Authors: Hutabarat Imelda
Published: December 2021

The development of extracting hydrometallurgical process for copper sulphide mineral becomes one of the promising fields, not only for the copper production but also for the production of metal by-products. The advantage of the thermal analysis is to get the phase form of the minerals on a certain temperature. With this result, the chosen metal can be selectively extracted. The goal of this study is to understand the thermal reaction of the copper sulphide as the basic data to develop a process flowsheet of extracting copper and other important metals from the copper concentrates by using an alternative new hydrometallurgy process to increase the value of the minerals. The thermal behaviour was investigated by simultaneous thermal analysis consisting of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in combination with thermo gravimetry (TG) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Samples were pre-treated by roasting at the several temperature transitions and subsequently characterized by XRD and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).
Characterization of perlite and expanded perlite from West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Adi Darmawan Didit , Wahyudi Agus , Eric Mamby Hasudungan , Suherman Ijang
Published: December 2021

As a volcanic country, Indonesia is rich in natural mineral resources. One of them is perlite that is spread across several provinces in Indonesia. One of the companies with a mining business permit (IUP) for perlite is CV Abdi Bersaudara, located at Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. Perlite rock can be processed through comminution and heating method. Crushed perlite can be used as sandblasting, slag coagulant, source of silica, foundry and steel industry, special casting sand and metal finishing. Meanwhile, the expanded perlite is a product of heated perlite with a temperature of 700⁰C-900⁰C. This research aimed to investigate the characters of perlite and expanded perlite from West Sumatra. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted by laboratory experiments and testing, such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). Based on the results of this study, West Sumatera perlite can be used as adsorbents, filter media, filler materials and planting media applications.
Meteorite from Astomulyo Village, Central Lampung, Indonesia: Investigation of its chemical properties
Authors: Harbowo D G , Muztaba R , Malasan H L , Sumardi S , Agustina L K , Julian T , Sitorus J H , Denhi A D A , Sihombing D J P , Mahayu M P , Setyawan D
Published: December 2021

In early 2021, a rare extraterrestrial object passed at high speed, followed by a powerful boom, with a bright flare crossing the atmosphere and falling in Astomulyo Village, Punggur, Central Lampung, Indonesia. This object has been scientifically determining as a meteorite. Toward the spot where we first found it, we presented this object named Astomulyo meteorite. This research investigated its chemical properties using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. As the result, the major composition of this meteorite is Si (28.3-27.1%), Fe (22.1-19.8%), Mg (17.3-15.2%), Al (2.9-2.4%), Ca (1.7-1.9%), and S (1.0-0.97%). Its minor elements are Mn, Ni, Cr, P, and some trace elements such as Co, Ti, Sb, Sn, V, Cd, Zn. This meteorite suggested classifying as the H-Chondrites group. Fe, Ni, Al, and Ti enrichment occur on the meteorite’s surface. It is probably related to this meteorite origin and continuously processes until it falls to the Earth’s surface.
New physical and chemical properties of chitosan-samarium composite: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Prihandini W W , Kusrini E , Prasetyo A B , Prasetyarni N A , Mawarni D P , Sufyan M , Usman A
Published: December 2021

Chitosan (CHN) is a natural polymer derived from chitin by deacetylation method and has hydrophilic properties. It has been developed by combining it with other compounds to change their surface structures with suitable chemical surfaces and to increase their abilities and activities. Modification of CHN with lanthanide ions can increase its function as adsorbent for heavy metals, removal anions dye, drug conductor, and/or for oil-water separation. In this paper, chitosan-samarium (CHN-Sm) composites were prepared using impregnation method. The concentration of CHN and Sm were also varied and investigated in details. This modification is aimed to produce CHN-Sm composites with new physical and chemical properties. Various ratio CHN and Sm contents from 2:0.3; 2:0.5; 2:1 and 2:2 (w/w) were observed to enhance the hydrophobic characteristic of CHN. Characterization of the CHN-Sm composites were conducted using FTIR, SEM–EDX and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The emission of the CHN-Sm composites showed the characteristic emission of Sm3+ions (4G5/2-6H7/2, and 4G5/2-6H11/2), but also a stronger wide emission band (360–500 nm) of the CHN. Furthermore, the CHN-Sm composites can be used as the active site in adsorbent for separation of water-oil.