bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of heating treatment on structure and bioactivity of sol‐gel bio‐glass
Authors: Vuong Bui Xuan
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of heating treatment on the structure and bioactivity of the 58S bio‐glass. Phase composition analyzed by XRD and FTIR techniques indicates that the sample heated at 700°C produced an amorphous state while the ones heated at 900 and especially 1100°C resulted in two crystalline phases of CaSiO3 and Ca3(PO4)2. The in vitro experiment was carried out for the 58S bio‐glass sample heated at 1100°C by soaking the powder sample in the SBF solution at different times. The XRD result confirms that the heating treatment inhibited the bioactivity through the slower formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of sample after immersion. The specific area and surface morphology of heating sample were also evaluated by BET and SEM measurements.
Study on the interaction between [Pt(μ‐Cl)(isopropyl eugenoxyacetate‐1H)]2 and 1,3‐diisopropylbenzimidazolium bromide
Authors: Thong Pham Van , Thang Nguyen Manh , Chi Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: February 2020

The interaction between the dinuclear chelate ring complex [Pt(μ‐Cl)(iPrEug)]2 (1) (iPrEug: deprotonated isopropyl eugenoxyacetate) and 1,3‐diisopropylbenzimidazolium bromide (iPr2‐bimy·HBr) has been studied for the first time. The result shows that the chloride bridges in 1 are easily cleaved by the iPr2‐bimy in the present of base to form a mixture (Phh) of two complexes [PtBr(iPrEug)(iPr2‐bimy)] (2) and [PtCl(iPrEug)(iPr2‐bimy)] (3), and the molar ratio of 2:3 in Phh depends on the used base Ag2O or Na2CO3/NaOOCCH3/NaHCO3/NaOH. The reaction of Phh with NaBr afforded complex 2 with high yield. The structure of 2 was determined by weight method, ESI‐MS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC spectroscopies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The NMR and XRD studies also reveal that the introdution of iPr2‐bimy leads to a weakening of the Pt‐(C9=C10) bond and strengthening of the Pt‐C5 bond in 2.
Possible detection of antibiotic residue using molecularly imprinted polyaniline‐based sensor
Authors: Vu Van‐Phu , Tran Quang‐Thinh , Pham Duc‐Thanh , Tran Phu‐Duy , Thierry Benjamin , Chu Thi‐Xuan , Mai Anh‐Tuan
Published: February 2020

Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) nanowires were deposited on a gold electrode by electro‐polymerization using aniline monomer as reagent and chloramphenicol (CAP) as template molecules. The molecular template was then electrochemically removed to generate the cavities on the polyaniline matrix that enables a specific recognition of CAP. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the MIP were characterized by SEM, FT‐IR and cyclic voltammetry. The initial results show that the MIP sensor can detect 10‐7 mM of CAP and the limit of detection could be lower by performing recommended study.
Polyoxygenated polyketides from the marine‐derived fungus Aspergillus micronesiensis
Authors: Luyen Nguyen Dinh , Huong Le Mai , Ha Tran Thi Hong , Cuong Le Huu , Yen Duong Thi Hai , Tai Bui Huu , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan
Published: February 2020

Using combined chromatographic methods, seven compounds as epicoccolide A (1), epicoccolide B (2), 2‐O‐methylbutyrolactone II (3), NC3B (4), epicoccone B (5), (22E,24R)‐5α,8α‐epidioxy‐24‐methyl‐cholesta‐6,22‐dien‐3β‐ol (6), and 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (7) were isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Aspergillus micronesiensis. Their chemical structures were determined by extensive analysis of HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR spectroscopy and comparison with those reported in the literature. All these compounds were isolated from Aspergillus micronesiensis for the first time. The seven compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity included Hep‐G2, LU‐1 and Vero cells. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed meaningful cytotoxic activity with the IC50 values ranging from 3.97 to 4.71 μg/mL against three tested cell lines comparing to the IC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 0.31 μg/mL of the positive control compound ellipticine.
Four flavonols form the whole plant of Nervilia aragoana
Authors: Mai Tran Thi Ngoc , Vy Do Phuong , Phat Nguyen Tan , Minh Phan Nhat , Tri Mai Dinh , An Tran Nguyen Minh , Huy Duong Thuc , Luan Tran Cong
Published: February 2020

Four flavonols, including rhamnazin (1), nervilifordizin A, B (2, 3) and nervilifordin B (4) were isolated from the whole plant of Nervilia aragoana. All the compounds (1‐4) were found for the first time from this species. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D‐NMR and compared with published data.
Sesquiterpenes from Fissistigma pallens (Fin. & Gagn.) Merr.
Authors: Thinh Ngo Sy , Thu Nguyen Thi Bich , Trang Do Thi , Van Kiem Phan , Tai Bui Huu , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan
Published: February 2020

Seven sesquiterpenes, alismol (1), 4β,12‐dihydroxyguaian‐6,10‐diene (2), spathulenol (3), alismoxide (4), 10‐O‐methyl‐alismoxide (5), 1αH,5βH‐aromandendrane‐4β,10α‐diol (6), and 15‐hydroxy‐α‐cadinol (7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Fissistigma pallens (Fin. & Gagn.) Merr. Their chemical structures were determined using NMR spectra as well as in comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1‐2 and 4‐7 were isolated from Fissistigma genus for the first time.
Secondary metabolites from marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. G330
Authors: Van Hieu Tran , Ngan Truong Bich , Huong Doan Thi Mai , Quyen Vu Thi , Minh Le Thi Hong , Murphy Brian T , Van Cuong Pham
Published: February 2020

Eight compounds, 2,4‐dichloro phenyl 2,4‐dichloro benzoate (1), cyclo‐(Pro‐Trp) (2), cyclo‐(Pro‐Leu) (3), cyclo (Trp‐Ser) (4), cyclo (Trp‐Ala) (5), indol 3‐acetic acid (6), 3‐hydroxyacetylindol (7) and indol‐3‐carboxylic acid (8) were isolated and characterized from the culture broth of the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. G330 strain. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including MS, 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by comparison with reported data in literature.
Purification of titanium tetrachloride from titania slag chlorination
Authors: Hung Ly Cam , Hai Tran Duy , Khoa Tran Anh , Vien Le Minh , Tuan Phan Dinh
Published: February 2020

Purification of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) is an important step in the titanium process. After chlorination, impurities in the gained crude TiCl4 such as V, Al, Fe, Si, etc. were removed by distillation technique following the chemical pre‐treatment method. Simple distillation, distillation with bubbled N2 and distillation in presence of copper metal were tested. Effect of copper metal, diethyl malonate and acetylacetone on the impurities removal was evaluated. Obtained results showed that the chemical pre‐treatment method exhibited a higher efficiency for TiCl4 purification than the distillation method. Acetylacetone was shown to be a suitable agent for impurities removal, resulting low content of V, Zr, Al, Fe and Si in the final purified TiCl4 product. Crude TiCl4 purification in distillation tower of a pilot scale was successfully operated.
Adsorption characteristics of hydantoin derivatives on mild steel surface in acidic medium: An experimental approach
Authors: Deepakumari H. N. , Revanasiddappa H. D. , Prasad K. N. N.
Published: February 2020

Hydantoin compounds tagged 3‐(3,3‐diethylureido)‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,4‐dioxoimi dazolidine‐1‐carbothioamide (3a) and N‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐3‐(3,3‐diethylureido)‐2,4‐dioxoimidazolidine‐1‐carbothioamide (3d) were studied for their ability to inhibit mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl using gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance techniques. Various thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of these inhibitors on mild steel was computed and discussed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to characterize the surface film.
Influence of the weight ratio of an epoxy resin modified by castor oil and an epoxidiacrylate oligomer on photocrosslinking and properties of UV‐cured coatings
Authors: Hien Le Xuan , Thanh Do Minh , Tai Nguyen Huu
Published: February 2020

The influence of the weight ratio of a castor oil modified epoxy resin (CE) and an epoxidiacrylate resin (EDA) on photocrosslinking and properties of the coatings containing these resins, hexandioldiacrylate monomer (HDDA) and photoinitiator Darocur 1173 (D.1173) upon UV‐exposure have been studied. The variation of acrylate groups during the photoinitiated polymerization was evaluated by FTIR analysis. The crosslinking of the UV‐cured coatings was proved by gel fraction and swelling degree determinations. In addition, some of the properties of the UV‐cured coatings such as relative hardness, flexibility, impact resistance, adhesion onto steel plates and gloss have also been examined. It was shown that the increase of the CE/EDA ratio from 10/40 to 40/10 in investigated coatings led to the decrease of the conversion rate of acrylate groups, and significantly changed some properties of the cured coatings after 14.4 s of UV irradiation: Decrease of gel fraction from 96 to 61 %, but improved the flexibility from 10 to 3 mm, impact resistance from 40 to 140 kG.cm, adhesion from 5 to 2 points. The gloss of the coatings remained to be 100 % in all cases. Long hydrocarbon chains of castor oil residue in CE, lower reactivity of double bonds and radicals formed in the chains compared with those of acrylate groups have been attributed to the obtained relationship between the CE/EDA ratio and photocrosslinking, properties of the cured coatings.
Properties of polymer blends based on devulcanized waste rubber powder (d‐WRP)/EPDM/P
Authors: Dung Nguyen Tuan , Hanh Le Thi My , Lan Pham Thi , Minh Vu Xuan , Van Bien Tran
Published: February 2020

In this study, waste rubber powder (WRP) was devulcanized by ultrasonic in alkaline medium and blended with the different ratios of EPDM/PP and the coupling agent of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to produce WRD/EPDM/PP polymer blends. With the concentration of 10 wt.% (by weight) WRP gived the mechanical properties of blends before and after accelerated weathering testing were approxiated with those of EPDM/PP 30/70 blends. The presence of DCP improved the tensile at strength and thermal resistance, caused by interaction beetwen EPDM and PP. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of 0.5 %DCP gaved the maximum thermal resistance of polymer blends up to 380°C.
Oleananesaponins from Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Yen Duong Thi Hai , Van Toan Nguyen , Tai Bui Huu , Yen Pham Hai , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan
Published: February 2020

By using combined chromatographic methods, four oleananesaponins, namely, 3β‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (1), gymnemoside‐W1 (2), 3β‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (3), and alternoside XIX (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and in comparison with those reported in the literature.
Air disinfection and food preservation by ozone gas
Authors: Nghi Nguyen Hoang , Cuong Le Cao , Dieu Tran Vinh , Oanh Doan Thi Yen
Published: February 2020

Most food spoilage is the result of bio‐chemical reactions between microorganisms such as bacteria, funguses, molds, yests and food as carbon based organic matters. Food preservation by ozone gas slows or prevents this biochemical reaction. Ozone consumed for these reactions causes its reduction or decomposition. The amylaceous food (bread and other) and some kinds of fruits were chosen for research. The shape of the ozone reduction curves, its rate and half life time (HLT) reflects the rate of reaction between ozone and microorganism on food. The bacteriobiological and photographic analysis of the samples before and after ozone treatment show that ozone gas can kill or prevent the growth of funguses and mould so this gas can be effectively used to preserve the food.
Evaluation of bioactive glass synthesized by alkali‐mediated sol‐gel process
Authors: Vuong Bui Xuan
Published: February 2020

The main objective of this research is the elaboration of bioactive glass 58S by an alkali‐mediated sol‐gel method. In which, the ammonia solution was used to transfer sol to gel state, and then the gel was dried by using the free‐drying technique. The dried gel was heated at 700°C in 2 h to convert into glass powder. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous and glassy properties of synthetic bioglass. The specific surface area of 99.146 m2/g of this bioglass was identified by using a low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption technique. In vitro experiments were performed by soaking the powder samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at several times. The XRD patterns and SEM images high lighted the bioactivity of bioglass by the formation of a dense and visible hydroxyapatite layer on the glass's surface after only 2 days of in vitro assays. ICP‐OES spectrometry was also used to illustrate the ion exchange behaviors between the bioactive glass 58S and the SBF solution.
Molecular iodine‐catalyzed N‐benzylation of anilines substituted by electron withdrawing groups
Authors: Tram Nguyen Thi Thu , Dat Tong Ho , Phong Truong Hoai , Dam Nguyen Phuc , Tuan Nguyen Trong
Published: February 2020

Fourteen derivatives of N‐alkylated anilines bearing electron withdrawing group from available aryl alcohols and the parent N‐unsubstituted aniline using iodine‐catalyst were synthesized throughout a convenient and green protocol, in which three derivatives were previously unreported compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by HRMS, NMR spectral data and in comparison with the literature.
Prospects of application of melanins as antiaging agents in elastomer compositions
Authors: Kablov Victor F. , Novopoltseva Oksana M. , Gracheva Natalya V. , Zheltobryukho Victor F. , Dao Pham Kim
Published: February 2020

The paper presents findings of a study of physical‐chemical properties of sunflower husk melanins, as well as their influence on the thermal oxidative aging resistance of elastomer compositions. It has been found that melanins reveal a high level of antioxidant activity and can be used as antiaging agents in elastomer compositions.
Several combustion behaviours of the whistling pyrotechnic based on potassium perchlorate and sodium benzoate
Authors: Sang Dam Quang , Van Tinh Nguyen , Van Bo Nguyen
Published: February 2020

This study reported the influence of oxidizer‐fuel content and particle size of the fuel on combustion characteristics of the whistling mixture based on potassium perchlorate and sodium benzoate such as heat of explosion, the specific volume of gaseous products, burning rate and intensity of whistling sound. From the analysis of theoretical prediction and experimental data, we selected an appropriate ingredient and particle sizes of components in order to archive the optimal intensity of the whistle. The whistling pyrotechnic has a relatively low sensitivity to friction and could be safely used for several military and civilian applications.
Feasibility of goethite nanoparticles for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Vinh Nguyen Dinh , Thao Pham Thi Phuong , Hanh Nguyen Thi
Published: February 2020

In this study, goethite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by chemical precipitation approach with the assistance of microwave aimed to adsorb heavy metals from water. The phase and morphology of the obtained sample was characterized using XRD and SEM methods. The feasibility of goethite nanoparticles for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution was evaluated. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial heavy metals concentrations were investigated. The adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on goethite remarkably depended on the pH of the solution and contact time. Adsorption kinetics for both metals obeyed the pseudo‐second‐order and the adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on goethite nanoparticles was 111.11 and 76.92 mg.g‐1 at pH 5.5 after 120 and 90 min of the contact time, respectively.
Navigating collinear superspace
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Elor Gilly , Larkoski Andrew J. , Thaler Jesse
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We introduce a new set of effective field theory rules for constructing Lagrangians with$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetry in collinear superspace. In the standard superspace treatment, superfields are functions of the coordinates$$ \left({x}^{\mu },{\theta}^{\alpha },{\theta}^{\dagger \overset{\cdot }{\alpha }}\right) $$xμθαθ†α⋅, and supersymmetry preservation is manifest at the Lagrangian level in part due to the inclusion of auxiliaryF- andD-term components. By contrast, collinear superspace depends on a smaller set of coordinates (xμ, η, η†), whereηis a complex Grassmann number without a spinor index. This provides a formulation of supersymmetric theories that depends exclusively on propagating degrees of freedom, at the expense of obscuring Lorentz invariance and introducing inverse momentum scales. After establishing the general framework, we construct collinear superspace Lagrangians for free chiral matter and non-Abelian gauge fields. For the latter construction, an important ingredient is a superfield representation that is simultaneously chiral, anti-chiral, and real; this novel object encodes residual gauge transformations on the light cone. Additionally, we discuss a fundamental obstruction to constructing inter- acting theories with chiral matter; overcoming these issues is the subject of our companion paper, where we introduce a larger set of superfields to realize the full range of interactions compatible with$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1. Along the way, we provide a novel framing of reparametrization invariance using a spinor decomposition, which provides insight into this important light-cone symmetry.
Leading singularities and classical gravitational scattering
Authors: Cachazo Freddy , Guevara Alfredo
Published: February 2020

Abstract

In this work we propose to use leading singularities to obtain the classical pieces of amplitudes of two massive particles whose only interaction is gravitational. Leading singularities are generalizations of unitarity cuts. At one-loop we find that leading singularities obtained by multiple discontinuities in the t-channel contain all the classical information. As the main example, we show how to obtain a compact formula for the fully relativistic classical one-loop contribution to the scattering of two particles with different masses. The non-relativistic limit of the leading singularity agrees with known results in the post-Newtonian expansion. We also compute a variety of higher loop leading singularities including some all-loop families and study some of their properties.
Decomposition of graded local cohomology tables
Authors: De Stefani Alessandro , Smirnov Ilya
Published: February 2020

Let R be a polynomial ring over a field. We describe the extremal rays and the facets of the cone of local cohomology tables of finitely generated graded R-modules of dimension at most two. Moreover, we show that any point inside the cone can be written as a finite linear combination, with positive rational coefficients, of points belonging to the extremal rays of the cone. We also provide algorithms to obtain decompositions in terms of extremal points and facets.
Differentiation of distal ureteral stones and pelvic phleboliths using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Jendeberg Johan , Thunberg Per , Lidén Mats
Published: February 2020

The objectives were to develop and validate a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using local features for differentiating distal ureteral stones from pelvic phleboliths, compare the CNN method with a semi-quantitative method and with radiologists’ assessments and to evaluate whether the assessment of a calcification and its local surroundings is sufficient for discriminating ureteral stones from pelvic phleboliths in non-contrast-enhanced CT (NECT). We retrospectively included 341 consecutive patients with acute renal colic and a ureteral stone on NECT showing either a distal ureteral stone, a phlebolith or both. A 2.5-dimensional CNN (2.5D-CNN) model was used, where perpendicular axial, coronal and sagittal images through each calcification were used as input data for the CNN. The CNN was trained on 384 calcifications, and evaluated on an unseen dataset of 50 stones and 50 phleboliths. The CNN was compared to the assessment by seven radiologists who reviewed a local 5 × 5 × 5 cm image stack surrounding each calcification, and to a semi-quantitative method using cut-off values based on the attenuation and volume of the calcifications. The CNN differentiated stones and phleboliths with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 94%, 90% and 92% and an AUC of 0.95. This was similar to a majority vote accuracy of 93% and significantly higher (p = 0.03) than the mean radiologist accuracy of 86%. The semi-quantitative method accuracy was 49%. In conclusion, the CNN differentiated ureteral stones from phleboliths with higher accuracy than the mean of seven radiologists’ assessments using local features. However, more than local features are needed to reach optimal discrimination.
A Model for Disentangling Dependencies and Impacts among Human Activities and Marine Ecosystem Services
Authors: Bryhn Andreas , Kraufvelin Patrik , Bergström Ulf , Vretborn Max , Bergström Lena
Published: February 2020

Understanding and communicating the links among human activities and marine ecosystem services are fundamental for ecosystem-based management, which aims at attaining ecological, economic and social sustainability in the use of our seas. Relationships are typically complex and may differ between geographic areas. Here, an assessment model that combines available quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative information, rooted in the DAPSIR (Driver—Activity—Pressure—State—Impact—Response) framework and assessment requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive, is developed and applied. Focusing on Swedish marine waters, major human activities at sea are evaluated in relation to their dependencies and impacts on the status of marine ecosystem services. This case study is a consensus assessment based on evaluation of available literature and data. By relating degrees of dependencies and impacts to values of different economic sectors, discrepancies among sectors with respect to their impact versus their monetary value can be identified. In our case, commercial fishing depends on and influences a wide range of ecosystem services, while other sectors, such as shipping, depend little on marine ecosystem services. At the extreme end of the range, pressures from human activities in the past, such as historical nutrient emissions, still have prominent influence on ecosystem services today, entailing considerable losses. Marine tourism and commercial fishing show similar dependencies on ecosystem services, but tourism has a clearly lower impact on ecosystem services and a higher monetary value. The model may serve as a useful tool for communicating and guiding priorities in integrated environmental management and maritime spatial planning.
Unstructured network topology begets order-based representation by privileged neurons
Authors: Bauermeister Christoph , Keren Hanna , Braun Jochen
Published: February 2020

How spiking activity reverberates through neuronal networks, how evoked and spontaneous activity interacts and blends, and how the combined activities represent external stimulation are pivotal questions in neuroscience. We simulated minimal models of unstructured spiking networks in silico, asking whether and how gentle external stimulation might be subsequently reflected in spontaneous activity fluctuations. Consistent with earlier findings in silico and in vitro, we observe a privileged subpopulation of ‘pioneer neurons’ that, by their firing order, reliably encode previous external stimulation. We also confirm that pioneer neurons are ‘sensitive’ in that they are recruited by small fluctuations of population activity. We show that order-based representations rely on a ‘chain’ of pioneer neurons with different degrees of sensitivity and thus constitute an emergent property of collective dynamics. The forming of such representations is greatly favoured by a broadly heterogeneous connection topology—a broad ‘middle class’ in degree of connectedness. In conclusion, we offer a minimal model for the representational role of pioneer neurons, as observed experimentally in vitro. In addition, we show that broadly heterogeneous connectivity enhances the representational capacity of unstructured networks.
Oxalobacter formigenes treatment combined with intensive dialysis lowers plasma oxalate and halts disease progression in a patient with severe infantile oxalosis
Authors: Pape Lars , Ahlenstiel-Grunow Thurid , Birtel Johannes , Krohne Tim U. , Hoppe Bernd
Published: February 2020

Background

Infantile oxalosis, the most devastating form of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), often leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during the first weeks to months of life.

Case-diagnosis

Here, we report the outcome of the therapeutic use of Oxalobacter formigenes (Oxabact OC5; OxThera AB, Stockholm, Sweden) in a female infant with PH1 who exhibited severely elevated plasma oxalate (Pox) levels, pronounced nephrocalcinosis, anuretic end-stage renal disease, and retinal oxalate deposits. Following the diagnosis of PH1 at an age of 8 weeks, a combined regimen of daily peritoneal dialysis, daily pyridoxine treatment and hemodialysis (3 times a week) was unable to reduce the pronounced hyperoxalemia. After the addition of Oxalobacter formigenes therapy to the otherwise unchanged treatment regimen, Pox levels first stabilized and subsequently declined from 130 μmol/L to around 80 μmol/L. Nephrocalcinosis and retinal deposits stabilized. Oxalobacter formigenes treatment was well-tolerated and no related adverse events were observed. The patient showed nearly age-appropriate growth and development and received successful combined liver-kidney transplantation at the age of two years.

Conclusions

Treatment with O. formigenes combined with intensive dialysis led to reduction of Pox, stabilization of systemic oxalosis, and improvement in the clinical disease course. O. formigenes treatment may be an option for reduction of oxalosis in infantile patients with insufficient response to conservative treatments until combined liver-kidney transplantation can be performed.
Leucine and mTORc1 act independently to regulate 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 myotubes
Authors: Yin Qiong , Brameld John M. , Parr Tim , Murton Andrew J.
Published: February 2020

Chronic mTORc1 hyperactivation via obesity-induced hyperleucinaemia has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, yet the direct impact of leucine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells remains unclear. To address this, differentiated L6 myotubes were subjected to various compounds designed to either inhibit mTORc1 activity (rapamycin), blunt leucine intracellular import (BCH), or activate mTORc1 signalling (3BDO), prior to the determination of the uptake of the glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), in response to 1 mM insulin. In separate experiments, L6 myotubes were subject to various media concentrations of leucine (0–0.8 mM) for 24 h before 2-DG uptake in response to insulin was assessed. Both rapamycin and BCH blunted 2-DG uptake, irrespective of insulin administration, and this occurred in parallel with a decline in mTOR, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K phosphorylation status, but little effect on AKT phosphorylation. In contrast, reducing leucine media concentrations suppressed 2-DG uptake, both under insulin- and non-insulin-stimulated conditions, but did not alter the phosphorylation state of AKT-mTORc1 components examined. Unexpectedly, 3BDO failed to stimulate mTORc1 signalling, but, nonetheless, caused a significant increase in 2-DG uptake under non-insulin-stimulated conditions. Both leucine and mTORc1 influence glucose uptake in muscle cells independent of insulin administration, and this likely occurs via distinct but overlapping mechanisms.
Marmoset prosociality is intentional
Authors: Burkart Judith M. , van Schaik Carel P.
Published: February 2020

Marmoset monkeys show high levels of proactive prosociality, a trait shared with humans, presumably because both species rely on allomaternal care. However, it is not clear whether the proximate regulation of this convergent trait is also similar, in particular with regard to intentionality, which is a defining characteristic of prosocial behavior in the human literature. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether marmoset monkeys’ prosociality fulfils the criteria of intentionality developed in primate communication research. The results show that marmoset prosocial behavior (i) has some degree of flexibility, since individuals can use multiple means to reach their goal and adjust them to specific conditions, (ii) depends on the presence of an audience, i.e. potential recipients (social use), and (iii) is goal-directed, because (a) it continues exactly until the putative goal is reached, and (b) individuals check back and look at/for their partner when their prosocial actions do not achieve the putative goal (i.e. if their actions don’t lead to the expected outcome, this elicits distinct reactions in the actor). These results suggest that marmoset prosociality is under some degree of voluntary, intentional control. They are in line with other findings that marmosets perceive each other as intentional agents, and only learn socially from actions that are perceived as intentional. The most parsimonious conclusion is, therefore, that prosocial behavior is fundamentally under voluntary control in marmosets, just as it is in humans, even though our more sophisticated cognitive abilities allow for a far more complex integration of prosociality into a broader variety of contexts and of behavioral goals.
Lipidomic identification of plasma lipids associated with pain behaviour and pathology in a mouse model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Pousinis P. , Gowler P. R. W. , Burston J. J. , Ortori C. A. , Chapman V. , Barrett D. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease, causing pain and disability. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of lipid mediators in OA pathogenesis.

Objectives

To explore potential alterations in the plasma lipidomic profile in an established mouse model of OA, with a view to identification of potential biomarkers of pain and/or pathology.

Methods

Pain behaviour was assessed following destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of OA (n = 8 mice) and compared to sham controls (n = 7). Plasma and knee joints were collected at 16 weeks post-surgery. Plasma samples were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography accurate mass high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) to identify potential differences in the lipidome, using multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. Correlations between pain behaviour, joint pathology and levels of lipids were investigated.

Results

24 lipids, predominantly from the lipid classes of cholesterol esters (CE), fatty acids (FA), phosphatidylcholines (PC), N-acylethanolamines (NAE) and sphingomyelins (SM), were differentially expressed in DMM plasma compared to sham plasma. Six of these lipids which were increased in the DMM model were identified as CE(18:2), CE(20:4), CE(22:6), PC(18:0/18:2), PC(38:7) and SM(d34:1). CEs were positively correlated with pain behaviour and all six lipid species were positively correlated with cartilage damage. Pathways shown to be involved in altered lipid homeostasis in OA were steroid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism.

Conclusion

We identify plasma lipid species associated with pain and/or pathology in a DMM model of OA.
Male breast cancer: clinicopathological characterization of a National Danish cohort 1980–2009
Authors: Jylling Anne Marie Bak , Jensen Vibeke , Lelkaitis Giedrius , Christiansen Peer , Nielsen Sarah Schulz , Lautrup Marianne Djernes
Published: February 2020

Background

To describe relevant pathological parameters of Danish male breast cancer patients (MBCP) diagnosed from 1980 to 2009, and to relate these data to treatment, overall survival (OS) and standardized mortality rate (SMR).

Materials and methods

The MBCP cohort was defined from national Danish registers. A total of 643 MBCP were identified with tissue available in 457. Among these, 384 were primary operable. Where tissue blocks were available, tumor type, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesteron receptor (PgR) and androgen-receptor (AR) status as well as HER 2 and Ki67 were performed. OS was quantified by Kaplan–Meier estimates and SMR was calculated based on mortality rate among patients relative to the mortality rate in the general population.

Results

Male breast cancer was more often of ductal type, grade II and a very high proportion were ER and AR positive and HER2 negative. Intrinsic subtypes based on immunohistochemical evaluation showed luminal subtype. Ki67 ratio increased over period of study. OS declined by increased age, bigger tumor size, positive lymph node status, higher grade and Luminal B subtype. Hazard ratio and relative risk of SMR were highest for patients aged < 60 years.

Conclusion

Male breast cancer is of luminal subtype, but more often Luminal B. Ki67 is crucial in evaluation of subtypes by immunohistochemistry, but have limitations. Subtyping seems to be of major importance. AR also can have a role in future treatment.
FTY720 Protects Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Preventing the Redistribution of Tight Junction Proteins and Decreases Inflammation in the Subacute Phase in an Experimental Stroke Model
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Higashikawa Kei , Yasui Hironobu , Kuge Yuji , Ohno Yusuke , Kihara Akio , Midori Yenari A. , Houkin Kiyohiro , Kawabori Masahito
Published: February 2020

Injury due to brain ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may be an important therapeutic target in the era of thrombectomy. FTY720, a widely known sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, exerts various neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of FTY720 with respect to I/R injury, especially focusing on blood–brain barrier (BBB) protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Male rats were subjected to transient ischemia and administered vehicle or 0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg of FTY720 immediately before reperfusion. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]DPA-714 was performed 2 and 9 days after the insult to serially monitor neuroinflammation. Bovine and rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were also subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reperfusion, and administered FTY720, phosphorylated-FTY720 (FTY720-P), or their inhibitor. FTY720 dose-dependently reduced cell death, the infarct size, cell death including apoptosis, and inflammation. It also ameliorated BBB disruption and neurological deficits compared to in the vehicle group. PET indicated that FTY720 significantly inhibited the worsening of inflammation in later stages. FTY720-P significantly prevented the intracellular redistribution of tight junction proteins but did not increase their mRNA expression. These results suggest that FTY720 can ameliorate I/R injury by protecting the BBB and regulating neuroinflammation.
Façade scaffolding behaviour under wind action
Authors: Lipecki Tomasz , Jamińska-Gadomska Paulina , Bęc Jarosław , Błazik-Borowa Ewa
Published: February 2020

The main objective of the study was to estimate the mean horizontal wind action on a façade scaffolding on the basis of full-scale data. Measurements of climatic parameters were carried out for a number of façade scaffoldings (120 structures) located in Poland over a 30-month period. The measurement points were located on 2–3 deck levels of each structure and at 2–4 points placed in each level. The measurements were carried out 3–4 times during each day for 5 consecutive days. At each point, two components of wind speed were measured: first with the vane probe directed perpendicular to the façade and then parallel to the façade. Each measurement lasted 60 s, and the data were recorded every 1 s. On the basis of wind speeds, a procedure was suggested that enabled estimation of the static wind action on façade scaffoldings. The responses of structures to this action were computed via FEM simulations. The results were compared with those based on the approaches recommended by the wind and scaffolding codes. Initial analyses, illustrated by three scaffoldings without a protective cover, indicated large discrepancies between the approaches and the possibility of wind action, which is not considered in the codes.
On supercritical problems involving the Laplace operator
Authors: Clemente Rodrigo , Marcos do Ó João , Ubilla Pedro
Published: February 2020

We discuss the existence, nonexistence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of elliptic equations in the unit ball with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions involving nonlinearities with supercritical growth. By using Pohozaev type identity we prove a nonexistence result for a class of supercritical problems with variable exponent which allow us to complement the analysis developed in (Calc. Var. (2016) 55:83). Moreover, we establish existence results of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations involving nonlinearities which are subcritical at infinity just in a part of the domain, and can be supercritical in a suitable sense.
The association between consumption of monounsaturated fats from animal-v. plant-based foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zhuang Pan , Zhang Yu , Mao Lei , Wang Liang , Wu Fei , Cheng Longfei , Jiao Jingjing
Published: February 2020

Although higher dietary intake of MUFA has been shown to improve glycaemic control and lipid profiles, whether MUFA consumption from different sources is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. We aimed to prospectively assess the associations of plant-derived MUFA (P-MUFA) and animal-derived MUFA (A-MUFA) intakes with T2D risk in a nationwide oriental cohort. Overall, 15 022 Chinese adults, aged ≥20 years, from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1997–2011) were prospectively followed up for a median of 14 years. Consumption of MUFA from plant and animal sources was assessed using 3-d 24-h recalls in each survey, and the cumulative average of intake was calculated. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were constructed to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of T2D according to quartiles of MUFA intake. P-MUFA were mainly consumed from cooked vegetable oils, fried bread sticks and rice, while A-MUFA were mainly consumed from pork, lard and eggs. Intake of P-MUFA was associated with a higher risk of T2D (HRQ4v. Q11·50 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·90);Ptrend= 0·0013), whereas A-MUFA showed no significant association (HRQ4v. Q10·84 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·20);Ptrend= 0·30). When further considering the cooking method of food sources, consumption of P-MUFA from fried foods was positively associated with T2D risk (HRQ4v. Q11·60 (95 % CI 1·26, 2·02);Ptrend= 0·0006), whereas non-fried P-MUFA were not associated. Intake of MUFA from fried plant-based foods may elevate T2D risk among the Chinese population.
Matthew 16.2b–3: New Considerations for a Difficult Textual Question
Authors: Quarles Charles L.
Published: February 2020

A survey of the current state of research shows that scholars are at an impasse regarding the text of Matt 16.2b–3. A fresh application of reasoned eclecticism to the unit uncovers new evidence supporting the longer reading. A reappraisal of the Greek manuscripts, early versions and early Christian literature shows that the longer and shorter readings are of approximately equal antiquity as far as can be established from presently available evidence. Analysis of the Eusebian apparatus strongly suggests that the shorter reading was often the result of intentional scribal change. Of the various explanations for such change, the most persuasive view is that proposed by Scrivener, Tregelles and Weiss – the shorter reading was probably an assimilation to Matt 12.39.
Risk factors for death from hand–foot–mouth disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ni X.F. , Li X. , Xu C. , Xiong Q. , Xie B.Y. , Wang L.H. , Peng Y.H. , Li X.W.
Published: February 2020

In recent years, outbreaks of hand–foot–mouth disease (HFMD) in China, Singapore and other Western Pacific Region, involving millions of children, have become a big threat to public health. This study aimed to quantitatively assess all qualified studies and identify the risk factors for HFMD death. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated. Seven case–control studies involving 1641 participants (634 died and 1007 survived) were included in the meta-analysis. Human enterovirus 71 infection, male, age ⩽3 years, vomiting, cyanosis, convulsion, duration of fever ⩾3 days, atypical rashes and abdominal distention were not significantly related to HFMD death (P⩽ 0.05). Lethargy (odds ratio (OR) = 6.62; 95% CI 3.61–12.14;I2= 0%;P< 0.0001), pneumonoedema/pneumorrhagia (OR = 4.09; 95% CI 2.44–6.87;I2= 0%;P< 0.0001), seizures (OR = 6.85; 95% CI 2.37–19.74;I2= 0%;P= 0.0004), dyspnoea (OR = 8.24; 95% CI 2.05–33.19;I2= 83%;P= 0.003) and coma (OR = 3.76; 95% CI 1.85–7.67;I2= 0%;P= 0.0003) were significantly associated with HFMD death, which were risk factors for HFMD death.
Outbreak ofClostridium perfringensfood poisoning linked to leeks in cheese sauce: an unusual source
Authors: Bhattacharya Alex , Shantikumar Saran , Beaufoy Damon , Allman Adrian , Fenelon Deborah , Reynolds Karen , Normington Andrea , Afza Musarrat , Todkill Dan
Published: February 2020

Between 11–13 December 2018, local public health authorities in the West Midlands, England were alerted to 34 reports of diarrhoea with abdominal cramps. Symptom onset was ~10 h after diners ate Christmas meals at a restaurant between 7–9 December 2018. A retrospective case-control study, environmental and microbiological investigations were undertaken to determine the source and control the outbreak. An analytical study was undertaken with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Forty persons were recruited to the analytical study (28/40 cases). Multivariable analysis found that leeks in cheese sauce was the only item associated with illness (aOR 51.1; 95% CI 4.13–2492.1). Environmental investigations identified significant lapses in food safety, including lapses in temperature control during cooking and hot holding, likely cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods and the reuse of leftover cheese sauce for the next day's service. No food samples were taken during the exposure period. Two faecal samples were positive forClostridium perfringenswith one confirming the enterotoxigenic gene. Cheese sauce is an unusual vehicle for the organism and the first time this has been reported in England.
A process model linking physiological arousal and fear recognition to aggression via guilt in middle childhood
Authors: Colasante Tyler , Jambon Marc , Gao Xiaoqing , Malti Tina
Published: February 2020

Aggression coincides with emotional underarousal in childhood, but we still lack an understanding of how underarousal contributes to aggression. With an ethnically diverse sample of 8-year-olds (N = 150), we tested whether physiological underarousal and lower fear recognition were indirectly associated with heightened aggression through dampened guilt feelings. Caregivers rated children's aggressive behavior. We assessed children's skin conductance (SC) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) while they imagined transgressing norms and measured their fear recognition with a facial morph task. Children reported guilt or lack thereof after hypothetically transgressing. The interaction of decreasing SC and increasing RSA (i.e., physiological underarousal) and poor fear recognition were indirectly associated with higher aggression through their associations with lower guilt. Emotional underarousal may contribute to aggression by disrupting the normative development of guilt. We discuss strategies to improve social-emotional acuity and reduce aggression in children with blunted physiological arousal and fear recognition.
Entanglements: Cultural Borders in Visions of European Unification
Authors: Andrèn Mats
Published: February 2020

This article elaborates upon the idea of cultural borders from the perspective of European unification before EU-integration. It addresses discussions on how to manage or even transcend religious and linguistic borders, from William Penn, Novalis and Conrad Friedrich Schmidt-Phiseldeck, to Johann Caspar Bluntschli and Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi. The historical contexts are nationalism and Europeanization. These are further illuminated by the use of constructivist theory and the concept of a ‘stagist theory’ from Dipesh Chakrabarty and Roberto Dainotto which legitimizes the domination of some nations over others.
Notes on the language of the Hismaic Inscriptions and a re-reading of Line 4 of the Madaba Hismaic Inscription
Authors: AL-JALLAD AHMAD
Published: February 2020

One of the longest Hismaic inscriptions yet discovered comes from the region of Madaba, Jordan. It was published first in an Arabic article by Khraysheh in 2000 and was re-edited by Graf and Zwettler four years later. Both editions remark on the striking similarity in language and style between this text and Classical Arabic. Indeed, this inscription and a closely related text from Uraynibah West, also published by Graf and Zwettler in the same article, are among the best witnesses to the Arabic of this region during the Nabataean period. This article will offer a few remarks on the language of the Hismaic inscriptions and then provide a new reading of line 4 of the Madaba inscription, which had previously evaded satisfactory interpretation.
L2 exposure modulates the scope of planning during first and second language production
Authors: Gilbert Annie C. , Cousineau-Perusse Maxime , Titone Debra
Published: February 2020

The psycholinguistic literature suggests that the length of a to-be-spoken phrase impacts the scope of speech planning, as reflected by different patterns of speech onset latencies. However, it is unclear whether such findings extend to first and second language (L1, L2) speech planning. Here, the same bilingual adults produced multi-phrase numerical equations (i.e., with natural break points) and single-phrase numbers (without natural break points) in their L1 and L2. For single-phrase utterances, both L1 and L2 were affected by L2 exposure. For multi-phrase utterances, L1 scope of planning was similar to what has been previously reported for monolinguals; however, L2 scope of planning exhibited variable patterns as a function of individual differences in L2 exposure. Thus, the scope of planning among bilinguals varies as a function of the complexity of their utterances: specifically, by whether people are speaking in their L1 or L2, and bilingual language experience.