bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Off-the-Shelf Machine Learning Architectures and Biases in Detection of Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Bergquist Jake A. , Zenger Brian , Brundage James , MacLeod Rob S. , Bunch T. Jared , Shah Rashmee , Ye Xiangyang , Lyons Ann , Ranjan Ravi , Tasdizen Tolga , Steinberg Benjamin A.
Published: June 2023

1

Artificial intelligence - machine learning (AI-ML) is a computational technique that has been demonstrated to be able to extract meaningful clinical information from diagnostic data that are not available using either human interpretation or more simple analysis methods. Recent developments have shown that AI-ML approaches applied to ECGs can accurately predict different patient characteristics and pathologies not detectable by expert physician readers. There is an extensive body of literature surrounding the use of AI-ML in other fields, which has given rise to an array of predefined open-source AI-ML architectures which can be translated to new problems in an “off-the-shelf” manner. Applying “off-the-shelf” AI-ML architectures to ECG-based datasets opens the door for rapid development and identification of previously unknown disease biomarkers. Despite the excellent opportunity, the ideal open-source AI-ML architecture for ECG related problems is not known. Furthermore, there has been limited investigation on how and when these AI-ML approaches fail and possible bias or disparities associated with particular network architectures. In this study, we aimed to: (1) determine if open-source, “off-the-shelf” AI-ML architectures could be trained to classify low LVEF from ECGs, (2) assess the accuracy of different AI-ML architectures compared to each other, and (3) to identify which, if any, patient characteristics are associated with poor AI-ML performance.
The Mechanism and Energetics of the Dynein Priming Stroke
Authors: Golcuk Mert , Yilmaz Sema Zeynep , Yildiz Ahmet , Gur Mert
Published: June 2023

Dyneins is an AAA+ motor responsible for motility and force generation towards the minus end of microtubules. Dynein motility is powered by nucleotide-dependent transitions of its linker domain, which transitions between straight (post-powerstroke) and bent (pre-powerstroke) conformations. To understand the dynamics and energetics of the linker, we per-formed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of human dynein-2 primed for its power stroke. Simulations re-vealed that the linker can adopt either a bent conformation or a semi-bent conformation, separated by a 5.7 kT energy bar-rier. The linker cannot switch back to its straight conformation in the pre-powerstroke state due to a steric clash with the AAA+ ring. Simulations also showed that an isolated linker has a free energy minimum near the semi-bent conformation in the absence of the AAA+ ring, indicating that the linker stores mechanical energy as it bends and releases this energy during the powerstroke.
Deep Learning for Transesophageal Echocardiography View Classification
Authors: Steffner Kirsten , Christensen Matthew , Gill George , Bowdish Michael , Rhee Justin , Kumaresan Abirami , He Bryan , Zou James , Ouyang David
Published: June 2023

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) imaging is a vital monitoring and diagnostic tool used during all major cardiac surgeries, guiding perioperative diagnoses, surgical decision-making, and hemodynamic evaluation in real-time. A key limitation to the automated evaluation of TEE data is the complexity and unstructured nature of the images, which demonstrate significant heterogeneity across varied views in the evaluation of different cardiac structures. In this study, we describe the first machine learning model for TEE view classification. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict standardized TEE views using labeled intraoperative and intraprocedural TEE videos from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). We externally validated our model on intraoperative TEE videos from Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC). Accuracy of our model was high across all labeled views. The highest performance was achieved for the Trans-Gastric Left Ventricular Short Axis View (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC] = 0.971 at CSMC, 0.957 at SUMC), the Mid-Esophageal Long Axis View (AUC = 0.954 at CSMC, 0.905 at SUMC), the Mid-Esophageal Aortic Valve Short Axis View (AUC = 0.946 at CSMC, 0.898 at SUMC), and the Mid-Esophageal 4-Chamber View (AUC = 0.939 at CSMC, 0.902 at SUMC). Ultimately, we demonstrate that our unique deep learning model can accurately classify standardized TEE views, which will facilitate further downstream analyses for intraoperative TEE imaging.
ChatGPT in Dermatology: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Gabashvili Irene S.
Published: June 2023

Background

In recent years, the field of dermatology has adopted the latest technologies to enhance patient care and medical education. Mobile technology and social media platforms have revolutionized the delivery of services, and AI-based procedures are poised to become part of dermatologists’ daily routines. There are already numerous papers on the use of the latest conversational AI tool, ChatGPT, in dermatology, and a systematic analysis of these studies can yield valuable insights.

Objective

To comprehensively evaluate the literature on the various applications of ChatGPT in dermatology and related areas.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EuropePMC, medRxiv, arXiv, bioRxiv, Dimensions AI, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar, to obtain articles published up until May 15, 2023. The eligibility criteria focused on studies examining the use of ChatGPT in dermatology-related areas. To address the risks of bias, we employed a meticulous selection process, incorporating diverse information sources, including preprints, in multiple languages. In addition to full text articles, acknowledgments and supplemental material were also examined to ensure a thorough analysis. The synthesis of findings utilized network analysis and thematic synthesis methodologies.

Results

There was a total of 87 manuscripts that fulfilled eligibility requirements. Over a third of them (36%) acknowledged the assistance of ChatGPT in writing, data analysis or software development. About a quarter (24%) were case reports describing dermatological manifestations and complications. ChatGPT demonstrated successful performance answering questions related to dermatology, ranging from excellent in cancer to barely passable in specialized and lesser-known dermatology areas, although its performance improved with GPT 4. There are advancements in interactive learning, integrations with image-based AI, and enhancing language models for dermatology applications.

Conclusions

There has been a remarkable surge in the adoption of ChatGPT in areas related to dermatology, especially in writing case reports. As researchers are aware of safety and uncertainty, a continued feedback loop for reporting errors is crucial for the ongoing improvement and training of AI models, ensuring their reliability and effectiveness in the field.
An Interleukin 9-Zbtb18 axis promotes germinal center development of memory B cells
Authors: Luo Xiaocui , Hou Xiaoxiao , Wang Yifeng , Li Ye , Yu Shangcheng , Qi Hai
Published: June 2023

Germinal centers (GCs) generate humoral memory in the form of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (MBCs). MBC development in GCs entail profound changes in states of cell cycle, localization and survival. Whether and how these changes are extrinsically instructed and intrinsically programmed in GC B cells are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that Il-9 instructs MBC development from GCs during the primary response. Il-9 induces expression of Zbtb18, a transcription repressor that is repressed in the bulk of GC cells but highly expressed in GC memory precursor cells and MBCs. While Zbtb18 is dispensable for activation of naïve B cells and for GC formation, it is essential for normal development of GC-derived MBCs. Zbtb18 directly binds to and represses a suite of cyclin and CDK genes to promote quiescence, pro-apoptotic genesBidandCasp3to promote survival, and GC-retaining geneS1pr2to promote GC departure. In the absence of Zbtb18, GCMP cells do not efficiently quit cell cycle to achieve quiescence, do not efficiently downregulate S1pr2 to exit, and they become more prone to die. Our results support that an Il-9-Zbtb18 axis instructs development of functional B-cell memory from GCs.
Comparative Interactome Analysis of α-arrestin Families in Human andDrosophila
Authors: Lee Kyung-Tae , Pranoto Inez K.A. , Kim Soon-Young , Choi Hee-Joo , To Ngoc Bao , Chae Hansong , Lee Jeong-Yeon , Kim Jung-Eun , Kwon Young V. , Nam Jin-Wu
Published: June 2023

The α-arrestins form a large family of evolutionally conserved modulators that control diverse signaling pathways, including both G-protein-coupled receptor-(GPCR-) mediated and non-GPCR mediated pathways, across eukaryotes. However, unlike β-arrestins, only a few α-arrestin targets and functions have been characterized. Here, using affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we constructed interactomes for six human and twelveDrosophilaα-arrestins. The resulting high-confidence interactomes comprised 307 and 467 prey proteins in human andDrosophila, respectively. A comparative analysis of these interactomes predicted not only conserved binding partners, such as motor proteins, proteases, ubiquitin ligases, RNA splicing factors, and GTPase-activating proteins, but also those specific to mammals, such as histone modifiers and the subunits of V-type ATPase. Given the manifestation of the interaction between the human α-arrestin, TXNIP, and the histone-modifying enzymes, including HDAC2, we undertook a global analysis of transcription signals and chromatin structures that were affected by TXNIP knockdown. We found that TXNIP activated targets by blocking HDAC2 recruitment to targets, a result that was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, the interactome for an uncharacterized human α-arrestin ARRDC5 uncovered multiple components in the V-type ATPase, which plays a key role in bone resorption by osteoclasts. Our study presents conserved and species-specific protein-protein interaction maps for α-arrestins, which provide a valuable resource for interrogating their cellular functions for both basic and clinical research.
Biomimetic robots reveal flexible adjustment of sexual signalling in a wild invertebrate
Authors: Wilde Joe A. , Darden Safi K. , Hart Jordan D. A. , Weiss Michael N. , Ellis Samuel , Fawcett Tim W.
Published: June 2023

Sexual signals are often structured in bouts, which can be adjusted in response to changes in the signaller’s physical and social environment. For example, we might expect individuals to adjust their own signalling behaviour in response to changes in the signalling behaviour of rivals, because this can affect their relative attractiveness to potential mates. In this study, we used a biomimetic robot to experimentally manipulate rival waving behaviour in a wild population of fiddler crabs (Afruca tangeri), and investigated whether this leads to changes in the activity and waving behaviour of a focal male. Analysing the focal male’s behaviour using hidden Markov models and linear hurdle models, we found no evidence that the focal male’s waving rate changed in response to changes in the behaviour of the robotic rival. However, bouts of waving lasted longer when the robotic rival was waving at a fast rate. Focal males were also less likely to enter their burrow when the robotic rival was waving, and spent less time in their burrow if they did enter. These results reveal tactical adjustment of behaviour by competing signallers, and highlight the flexible nature of bout-structured sexual displays.
Evolutionary History of Calcium-Sensing Receptors Unveils Hyper/Hypocalcemia-Causing Mutations
Authors: Bircan Aylin , Kuru Nurdan , Dereli Onur , Selçuk Berkay , Adebali Ogün
Published: June 2023

Calcium-sensing receptor evolution highlights hyper/hypocalcemia-causing mutations The Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a key player in regulating calcium levels and has been linked to disorders like hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Despite advancements in understanding CaSR’s structure and functions, there are still gaps in our understanding of its specific residues and their differences from receptors within the same class. In this study, we used phylogeny-based techniques to identify functionally equivalent orthologs of CaSR, predict residue significance, and compute specificity-determining position (SDP) scores to understand its evolutionary basis. The analysis revealed exceptional conservation of the CaSR subfamily, with high SDP scores being critical in receptor activation and pathogenicity. To further enhance the findings, gradient-boosting trees were applied to differentiate between gain- and loss-of-function mutations responsible for hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Lastly, we investigated the importance of these mutations in the context of receptor activation dynamics. In summary, through comprehensive exploration of the evolutionary history of the CaSR subfamily, coupled with innovative phylogenetic methodologies, we identified activating and inactivating residues, providing valuable insights into the regulation of calcium homeostasis and its connections to associated disorders.
An intranuclear bacterial parasite of deep-sea mussels expresses apoptosis inhibitors acquired from its host
Authors: González Porras Miguel Ángel , Assié Adrien , Tietjen Målin , Violette Marlene , Kleiner Manuel , Gruber-Vodicka Harald , Dubilier Nicole , Leisch Nikolaus
Published: June 2023

Endozoicomonadaceae bacteria are widespread in many marine animals, and generally considered beneficial. Members of one clade, however, Candidatus Endonucleobacter, infect the nuclei of deep-sea mussels, where they replicate to ≥ 80,000 bacteria per nucleus and cause the nuclei to swell to 50 times their original size. How these parasites are able to persist in host nuclei without the cell undergoing apoptosis is not known. We show here that Ca. Endonucleobacter encodes and expresses 7-15 inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), proteins previously only known from animals and viruses. Dual RNA-seq transcriptomes of infected nuclei revealed parallel upregulation of Ca. Endonucleobacter IAPs and host caspases, suggesting an arms race between the parasite and host for control of apoptosis. Comparative phylogenetic analyses revealed that Ca. Endonucleobacter acquired IAPs repeatedly through horizontal gene transfer from their hosts in convergent acquisition, possibly mediated by herpes viruses that may infect both the parasite and the host.
Comparative evaluation of straight and curved extension dialysis catheters for continuous renal replacement therapy in dogs with acute kidney injury
Authors: Bhat Abid Ali , Chandrasekar M. , Nambi A. P. , Bhavani Sandhya , Kavitha S. , Khan Firdous A.
Published: June 2023

A patent dual lumen dialysis catheter is one of the basic requirements for efficient extracorporeal (EC) therapy. The objective of this study was to measure resistance to blood flow offered by straight and curved extension dual lumen dialysis catheters used for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Twenty dogs suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) were subjected to CRRT. The dogs were allocated randomly to Group-I (Curved extension catheter, n=12) or Group-II (Straight extension catheter, n=8), based on the type of dual-lumen catheter used in CRRT. The catheter outflow and inflow pressures were recorded at blood pump speeds of 50 mL/min and 99-100 mL/min. Data were tested for normality and differences in mean inflow and outflow catheter resistances were evaluated for statistical significance using independent samplesttests. Straight extension catheters offered lower inflow resistance than curved extension catheters at both 50 mL/min (41.50 ± 5.84 mm Hg and 63.75 ± 6.88 mm Hg, respectively;P=0.03) and 99-100 mL/min (63.00 ± 8.11 mm Hg and 86.92 ± 7.02 mm Hg, respectively;P=0.04) blood flow rates. Straight extension catheters also offered lower outflow resistance than curved catheters at 99-100 mL/min (−94.12 ± 7.91 mm Hg and -128.25 ± 7.56 mm Hg, respectively;P=0.01; the negative signs only indicate the direction of blood flow). These findings suggest that straight extension dual lumen dialysis catheters would likely perform better than the curved model in extracorporeal renal replacement therapy.
COVID-19-related disruption and resiliency in immunisation activities in LMICs: a rapid review
Authors: Hartner Anna-Maria , Li Xiang , Gaythorpe Katy
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Rapid review to determine the extent that immunisation services in LMICs were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and what factors can be considered to build resilience in future.

Setting

We searched PubMed on 28th Feb 2023 for studies published after 1st December 2019 in English that focused on LMICs.

Participants

Screening and data extraction were conducted by two experienced reviewers with one reviewer vote minimum per study per stage. Of 3801 identified studies, 66 met the eligibility criteria.

Outcomes

Routine vaccine coverage achieved; Supplementary immunisation activity timing; Vaccine doses given; Timing of vaccination; Supply chain changes; factors contributing to disruption or resilience.

Results

Included studies showed evidence of notable declines in immunisation activities across LMICs related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These have included reductions in achieved routine coverage, cancellation or postponement of campaigns, and underimmunised cohorts. Immunisation was most disrupted in the early months of the pandemic, particularly March to May 2020; however, the amount of recovery seen varied by country, age-group, and vaccine. Though many countries observed partial recovery beginning after lockdown policies were lifted in 2020, disruption in many countries has also continued into 2021. It has also been noted that clinician staff shortages and vaccine stock outs caused by supply chain disruptions contributed to immunisation delays but that concern over COVID transmission was a leading factor. Key resiliency factors included community outreach and healthcare worker support. Finally, whilst our search took place in February 2023, the latest dataset used across all studies was from November 2022 and many focused on 2020; as a result some of the study conclusions do not take recovery into account.

Conclusions

There is limited information on whether reductions in vaccination coverage or delays have persisted beyond 2021. Further research is needed to assess ongoing disruptions and identify missed vaccine cohorts.

Strengths and limitations of this study

The rapid synthesis of findings related to immunization disruption and recovery to-date allows for key insights to target missed cohorts and identify research gaps.

We include a narrative analysis of disruption across LMICs; this review benefits from the inclusion of barriers, enablers, and resilience to/in service provision.

The search strategy was limited to studies published on PubMed up to February 28th, 2023, meaning not all relevant research meeting inclusion criteria may have been captured.
Enhanced perfusion following exposure to radiotherapy: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Köry Jakub , Narain Vedang , Stolz Bernadette J. , Kaeppler Jakob , Markelc Bostjan , Muschel Ruth J. , Maini Philip K. , Pitt-Francis Joe M. , Byrne Helen M.
Published: June 2023

Tumour angiogenesis leads to the formation of blood vessels that are structurally and spatially heterogeneous. Poor blood perfusion, in conjunction with increased hypoxia and oxygen heterogeneity, impairs a tumour’s response to radiotherapy. The optimal strategy for enhancing tumour perfusion remains unclear, preventing its regular deployment in combination therapies. In this work, we first identify vascular architectural features that correlate with enhanced perfusion following radiotherapy, usingin vivoimaging data from vascular tumours. Then, we present a novel computational model to determine the relationship between these architectural features, blood perfusion, and tumour response to radiotherapyin silico. If perfusion is defined to be the proportion of vessels that support blood flow, we find that vascular networks with small mean diameters and large numbers of angiogenic sprouts show the largest increases in perfusion post-irradiation for both biological and synthetic tumours. We also identify cases where perfusion increases due to the pruning of hypoperfused vessels, rather than blood being rerouted. These results indicate the importance of considering network composition when determining the optimal irradiation strategy. In the future, we aim to use our findings to identify tumours that are good candidates for perfusion enhancement and to improve the efficacy of combination therapies.

Author summary

Dysregulated tumour vasculature often contains hypoperfused blood vessels which inhibit the delivery of blood-borne anticancer therapies. Radiotherapy, used to treat more than half of all cancer patients, causes DNA damage to vascular endothelial cells, preferentially impacting smaller vessels, leading to their death and vessel pruning. At the same time, experiments measuring changes in tumour perfusion post-irradiation produce varying outcomes and, therefore, the impact of irradiation-induced vessel pruning on network-scale perfusion remains unclear. In this study, we use recent (in vivo) imaging data to identify features of tumour vascular architectures that impact perfusion change post-irradiation. We then use a newly-developed computational framework, directly informed by the experimental observations, to elucidate the relationship between the vascular geometry and topology prior to radiotherapy and the irradiation-induced changes to network perfusion. We find that perfusion increases most significantly for networks of blood vessels with small mean diameters and large numbers of angiogenic sprouts. Our results also distinguish different mechanisms of perfusion increase and we identify cases where rerouting of blood flow causes previously hypoperfused vessels to become perfused. Our study sheds more light on the impact of radiotherapy on tumour blood flow; these insights could be useful for improving anti-cancer treatments.
Novel Imaging Guidance for Cholesteatoma Surgery using Tissue Autofluorescence
Authors: Yang Stella , Farrell Joyce , Ye Shenglin , Ahmad Iram , Valdez Tulio A
Published: June 2023

Significance

Cholesteatoma is an expansile destructive lesion of the middle ear and mastoid, which can result in significant complications by eroding adjacent bony structures. Currently, there is an inability to accurately distinguish cholesteatoma tissue margins from middle ear mucosa tissue, causing a high recidivism rate. Accurately differentiating cholesteatoma and mucosa will enable a more complete removal of the tissue.

Aim

Develop an imaging system to enhance the visibility of cholesteatoma tissue and margins during surgery.

Approach

Cholesteatoma and mucosa tissue samples were excised from the inner ear of patients and illuminated with 405, 450, and 520 nm narrowband lights. Measurements were made with a spectroradiometer equipped with a series of different longpass filters. Images were obtained using a red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera equipped with a long pass filter to block reflected light.

Results

Cholesteatoma tissue fluoresced under 405 and 450 nm illumination. Middle ear mucosa tissue did not fluoresce under the same illumination and measurement conditions. All measurements were negligible under 520 nm illumination conditions. All spectroradiometric measurements of cholesteatoma tissue fluorescence can be predicted by a linear combination of emissions from keratin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We built a prototype of a fluorescence imaging system using a 495 nm longpass filter in combination with an RGB camera. The system was used to capture calibrated digital camera images of cholesteatoma and mucosa tissue samples. The results confirm that cholesteatoma emits light when it is illuminated with 405 and 450 nm, whereas mucosa tissue does not.

Conclusions

We prototyped an imaging system that is capable of measuring cholesteatoma tissue autofluorescence.
The novel nematicide chiricanine A suppressesBursaphelenchus xylophiluspathogenicity inPinus massonianaby inhibitingAspergillusand its secondary metabolite, sterigmatocystin
Authors: Jia Jiayu , Chen Long , Yu Wenjing , Su Jun
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is responsible for extensive economic and ecological damage toPinusspp. forests and plantations worldwide. PWD is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and transmitted into pine trees by a vector insect, the Japanese pine sawyer (JPS,Monochamus alternatus). Host infection by PWN will attract JPS to spawn, which leads to the co-existence of PWN and JPS within the host tree, an essential precondition for PWD outbreaks. Through the action of their metabolites, microbes can manipulate the co-existence of PWN and JPS, but our understanding on how key microorganisms engage in this process remains limited, which severely hinders the exploration and utilization of promising microbial resources in the prevention and control of PWD.

RESULTS

In this study we investigated how the PWN-associated fungusAspergilluspromotes the co-existence of PWN and JPS in the host trees (Pinus massoniana) via its secondary metabolite, sterigmatocystin (ST), by taking a multi-omics approach (phenomics, transcriptomics, microbiome, and metabolomics). We found thatAspergilluswas able to promote PWN invasion and pathogenicity by increasing ST biosynthesis in the host plant, mainly by suppressing the accumulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in plant tissues that could counter PWN. Further, ST accumulation triggered the biosynthesis of VOC (volatile organic compounds) that attracts JPS and drives the coexistence of PWN and JPS in the host plant, thereby encouraging the local transmission of PWD. Meanwhile, we show that application of anAspergillusinhibitor (chiricanine A treatment) results in the absence ofAspergillusand decreases thein vivoST amount, thereby sharply restricting the PWN development in host. This further proved thatAspergillusis vital and sufficient for promoting PWD transmission.

CONCLUSIONS

Altogether, these results document, for the first time, how the function ofAspergillusand its metabolite ST is involved in the entire PWD transmission chain, in addition to providing a novel and long-term effective nematicide for better PWD control in the field.
Membrane extraction in native lipid nanodiscs reveals dynamic regulation of Cdc42 complexes during cell polarization
Authors: Deutz Lars N. , Sarıkaya Sena , Dickinson Daniel J.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Embryonic development requires the establishment of cell polarity to enable cell fate segregation and tissue morphogenesis. This process is regulated by Par complex proteins, which partition into polarized membrane domains and direct downstream polarized cell behaviors. The kinase aPKC (along with its cofactor Par6) is a key member of this network and can be recruited to the plasma membrane by either the small GTPase Cdc42 or the scaffolding protein Par3. Althoughin vitrointeractions among these proteins are well established, much is still unknown about the complexes they form during development. Here, to enable the study of membrane-associated complexesin vivo,we used a maleic acid copolymer to rapidly isolate membrane proteins from singleC. eleganszygotes into lipid nanodiscs. We show that native lipid nanodisc formation enables detection of endogenous complexes involving Cdc42, which are undetectable when cells are lysed in detergent. We found that Cdc42 interacts more strongly with aPKC/Par6 during polarity maintenance than polarity establishment, two developmental stages that are separated by only a few minutes. We further show that Cdc42 and Par3 do not bind aPKC/Par6 simultaneously, confirming recentin vitrofindings in anin vivocontext. Our findings establish a new tool for studying membrane-associated signaling complexes and reveal an unexpected mode of polarity regulation via Cdc42.
On soliton solutions of the modified equal width equation
Authors: Onder Ismail , Cinar Melih , Secer A. , Bayram Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The soliton solutions are obtained by using extended rational sin/cos and sinh-cosh method. The methods are powerful and have ease of use. Applying wave transformation to the nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) and the considered equation turns into a nonlinear differential equation (NODE). According to the methods, the solution sets of the NODE are supposed to the form of the rational terms as sinh/cosh and sin/cos and the trial solutions are substituted into the NODE. Collecting the same power of the trigonometric functions, a set of algebraic equations is derived.

Design/methodology/approach

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain soliton solutions of the modified equal width (MEW) equation. MEW is a form of regularized-long-wave (RLW) equation that represents one-dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion processes. This is also used to simulate the undular bore in a long shallow water canal.

Findings

Thus, the solution of the main PDE is reduced to the solution of a set of algebraic equations. In this paper, the kink, singular and singular periodic solitons have been successfully obtained.

Originality/value

Illustrative plots of the solutions have been presented for physical interpretation of the obtained solutions. The methods are powerful and might be used to solve a broad class of differential equations in real-life problems.
An attribution account of the effects of leaders’ gender and abusive supervision on employee insubordination
Authors: Yun Dongwon , Shum Cass
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Drawing on attribution theory, this study aims to examine how and when abusive supervision affects insubordination, focusing on employees’ attribution bias related to leader gender.

Design/methodology/approach

Two mixed-method studies were used to test the proposed research framework. Study 1 adopted a 2 (abusive supervision: low vs high) by 2 (leader gender: male vs female) by employee gender-leadership bias quasi-experiment. A sample of 173 US F&B employees completed Study 1. In Study 2, 116 hospitality employees responded to two-wave, time-lagged surveys. They answered questions on abusive supervision and gender-leadership bias in Survey 1. Two weeks later, they reported negative external attribution (embodied in injury initiation) and insubordination.

Findings

Hayes’ PROCESS macro results verified a three-way moderated mediation. The three-way interaction among abusive supervision, leader gender and gender-leadership bias affects external attribution, increasing insubordination. Employees with high leader–gender bias working under female leaders make more external attribution and engage in subsequent insubordination in the presence of abusive supervision.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, that examines the mediating role of external attribution of abusive supervision. Second, this research explains the gender glass ceiling by examining employees’ attribution bias against female leaders.
The role of authenticity on revisit intention: tourist experience as a mediation at the Reyog Ponorogo National Festival
Authors: Supriono  , Iqbal Mohammad , Kusumawati Andriani , Fahmi Muhamad Robith Alil
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tourism authenticity and tourism experience and its implications for tourists' intention to make repeat visits in the context of cultural festivals.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses descriptive quantitative and partial least square analysis by discussing six direct and five indirect relationships in the model. This study used a purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 189 respondents who were collected through a survey of tourists who had visited the Reog Ponorogo National Festival. This study uses SmartPLS SEM to analyze the data.

Findings

The results show that this study extends its practical, policy and theoretical implications to cultural festival stakeholders. In addition, the findings of this study indicate that objective and constructive authenticity have a positive and significant effect on tourist experience. Meanwhile, tourist experience has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention. The mediating role of tourist experience also has a positive and significant effect.

Originality/value

Event tourism that favors the culture of local wisdom shows originality and becomes an attraction for tourists to visit which affects experience and revisit intention. This study focuses on the attributes of authenticity to tourist experience and revisit intention, in which tourist experience acts as a mediation.
Legitimising Emirati women’s expanding economic agency via narratives of the past
Authors: Goby Valerie Priscilla
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the highly dynamic cultural landscape relating to economically active Emirati women who are supported by government policy but may be exposed to some societal disapprobation.

Design/methodology/approach

Narrative methodology is used to explore how women respond to the perceived discord between their economic agency and enduring traditional norms associated with women.

Findings

Results indicate that a prevailing discursive mode within participants’ narratives is that the working woman is not at all a new phenomenon in their society but has always been a feature of Emirati history.

Originality/value

This study’s contribution to theory building is its demonstration of how traditional Arab Islamic values and modern state policy are being combined in a way that blurs the apparent dichotomy between tradition and modernity.
“Attrition” versus “intention to stay”: are psychological empowerment and psychological well-being viable retention strategies in the “Great Resignation” context?
Authors: Patrick Warren Stanley , Thakur Munish , Jha Jatinder Kumar
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to understand whether the relationship between psychological empowerment, psychological well-being and higher person–job fit based on the self-determination theory could have mitigated the Great Resignation crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 351 respondents working in Indian organizations (Nifty, 2020) using a standardized questionnaire by using the multifaceted psychological construct within the work context.

Findings

This study highlights that a moderated mediation relationship between psychological empowerment (specifically “impact” or “choice”) and psychological well-being (specifically “environmental mastery”) is impacted by the person–job “demand-abilities” fit and enhances the intention to stay in the current “great resignation” context.

Practical implications

The authors map the theoretical and empirical research of the “intention to stay” by developing the “demand-abilities” fit, which leads to higher levels of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being to build adaptability through effective learning practices.

Originality/value

The authors establish the underlying linkages and future research agenda to strengthen the “intention to stay” during the extraordinarily stressful context of the covid-19 pandemic.
Under rising environmental uncertainty Chinese enterprises pursue fame or profits? Evidence from corporate social responsibility and financial investment
Authors: Zhuang Xudong , Duan Junshan
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of environmental uncertainty on corporate social responsibility (CSR), and involves corporate financial investment as mediating factor into this relationship to identify whether Chinese enterprises pursue fame or profit under rising environmental uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

Data of listed companies in China from 2010 to 2019 are employed. Fixed effect and mediating effect models were used to explore the relationship between environmental uncertainty, corporate financial investment, and CSR. The heterogeneity influence and moderating effect are discussed by using the method of grouping test and adding interactive items.

Findings

The study finds that rising environmental uncertainty has a negative impact on CSR. It stimulates managements' short-sighted motivation, so that enterprises prioritize financial investment that can solve short-term goals, rather than CSR performance. This inhibitory effect is caused by holding illiquid financial assets with the motivation of “speculative profit seeking.” The negative effect is greater in the samples of state-owned enterprises, nonfamily enterprises and enterprises with low risk-taking.

Practical implications

It provides a decision-making direction for implementation of CSR governance and the construction of CSR system, particularly in emerging market economies.

Social implications

CSR is widely known in developed countries for its formation, development and role, but its effectiveness and behavioral motivation are less mentioned in emerging markets. In the future, the research in this area needs to be further advanced.

Originality/value

The study makes significant contributions to the mechanisms behind the link between environmental uncertainty and CSR by taking corporate financial investment as an intermediary factor into the analysis, especially in the unique market context of China.
A decade of biodiversity conservation: insights into corporate social responsibility in an emerging market context
Authors: Culpi Mann Evelize , Gomes Heitor Murilo , Williamson Amanda Jasmine , Castelo Branco Manuel
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether Brazilian companies have increased their reporting on biodiversity within the past decade and whether reporting practices are linked to the government's stance on environmental protection, media coverage and industry biodiversity risk.

Design/methodology/approach

Using content analysis and ordinary least squares regression models, the authors examine sustainability reports from Brazilian listed and non-listed companies from 2010 to 2020.

Findings

This study’s empirical analysis indicates that companies have decreased their reporting on biodiversity over the decade. Findings suggest that biodiversity reporting is associated with the level of scrutiny from external constituents, such as industry biodiversity and the president's own public policy agenda and partially by media coverage.

Originality/value

The literature seems to lack an understanding of how political factors may drive social and environmental reporting practices, especially biodiversity reporting. This study addresses this issue by examining the relationship between the government's stance on environmental protection. By focusing on biodiversity reporting in an emerging country like Brazil, this study also generates insights into a highly impactful yet under-researched context.
Who is next? Consumer reaction to CEO succession in family firms
Authors: Datta Subhadeep , Mukherjee Sourjo
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper studies the impact of different chief executive officer (CEO) succession strategies on consumer evaluation of family firms. CEO succession is critical for family firms as improper succession planning has been shown to be the primary reason for high mortality rates of such firms. Furthermore, the choice of CEO (internal vs external) by family firms can send different signals to stakeholders and thereby impact their appraisal of such firms.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors use an experiment-based approach to test how the type of CEO succession (internal vs external) influences the consumer's evaluation of family firms.

Findings

The authors find that appointing an internal CEO leads to higher perception of firm capability, trust towards the firm and more favorable consumer attitudes. All these factors, in turn, lead to higher purchase intentions. External CEOs in family firms do not seem to have any de facto advantage regarding perceptions of higher capability.

Originality/value

Thus, the authors contribute to the literature of family firms by showing how family firm's strategic decisions during succession can affect consumer behavior.
The influence of information and communication technologies on disaster relief operations: a case of Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chari Felix , Novukela Cawe
Published: June 2023

Purpose

There has been an avalanche of global natural disasters in recent times. In recent years approximately 210 million people were affected, an estimated economic cost of US$153bn was incurred and 68,000 deaths were recorded. This was a work up call that made it imperative for humanitarian actors to impetuously adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) to timeously assist affected populations in disaster prevention, mitigation response and recovery However, the use of ICTs in the humanitarian field is still at its infancy in most third world countries. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the utilization of ICTs in humanitarian relief operations associated with Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a pragmatic approach, the study gathered data using semistructured questionnaires that were triangulated with interviews of humanitarian staff that were involved in Cyclone Idai relief efforts.

Findings

An observed suboptimal utilization of ICTs was further disadvantaged by the inequitable distribution of communication infrastructure. However, despite the suboptimal usage, there was a significant positive influence of ICT adoption on effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility in humanitarian relief operations.

Originality/value

Optimal use of ICTs has the potential to revolutionize humanitarian supply chain management. A smooth transition to new technologies is recommended in which personnel are given professional development opportunities on a regular basis.
Determinants of customer perception on the adoption of takaful in Somalia
Authors: Mukhtar Yonis Ali , Barre Galad Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine current and potential takaful customers’ perception of takaful product and its adoption in Somalia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used three originally selected constructs of perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility and perceived complexity of diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and adds three additional constructs of level of customer awareness, culture and perceived trust. A total of 427 questionnaires were collected from the participants of the study using a nonprobability convenience sampling technique. For data analysis, Smart PLS3 and SPSS software were used. The survey was conducted in Somalia, with respondents being current and potential takaful product’s customers. The DOI theoretical model was put to the test using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings showed that perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, awareness, perceived culture and perceived trust have a positive and significant influence, whereas perceived complexity has an insignificant influence on the adoption of takaful products.

Originality/value

This research is a pioneering attempt to investigate the determinants of current and potential takaful customers’ adoption by changing the DOI theory, and it presents a unique contribution to the field with regard to Somalia.
High-impact practices (HIPs) benefits from study abroad country agent: a multi-method multi-perspective approach
Authors: Rickard Mary Kay Kay , Sams Doreen , Sams Jeniffer
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to extend the Blevins et al. (2020) study by empirically examining the benefits of using a customized study abroad host-country provider (hereafter referred to as “SAA”) of logistical and other services that support non-native host country (hereafter referred to as non-indigenous) college of business study abroad educators. This study also makes a significant contribution by extending Strange and Gibson’s (2017) call by examining transformative learning experiences (TLEs), a high-impact practice, from educators’ and students’ perspectives of two types of study abroad experiences (i.e. one with and one without an SAA).

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods and multiple perspectives triangulation of the three studies (i.e. student survey, student-produced artifacts data and faculty interviews conducted in Canada, Spain and the UK) was used for this study to increase confidence in the findings by providing a comprehensive picture of the results. A mixed methodology provides rich, in-depth data for analysis as to how study abroad experience [hereafter referred to as experience(s) abroad] benefits from contracting with an SAA to work with a non-indigenous business course educator.

Findings

This study's findings demonstrate the positive impact of transformative learning from a short-term study abroad experience from contracting with an SAA.

Practical implications

Benefits of contracting with a host-country SAA are increased time and a reduction in the emotional toll on educators. Educators are free to provide memorable international business educational experiences abroad, resulting in student satisfaction and transformative learning.

Originality/value

The originality of this study is the mixed methods and multiple perspectives approach to the topic.