bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Supplementing Crude Glycerin in Concentrated Diet and Castration on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Thai Native x Anglo Nubian Goats
Authors: ANNEKE Anneke , WATTANACHANT Chaiyawan , WATTANACHANT Saowakon
Published: November 2020

The effects of feeding concentrate diet containing crude glycerin supplementation and castration on carcass composition and meat quality of Thai Native x Anglo-Nubian (TN-AN) goats were investigated. Twenty TN-AN goats at the age of 12 months old with 24.75±1.33 kg initial live weight were allotted into a 2x2 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design when factor A was assigned for sexes (intact and castrated male) and factor B was assigned for 2 types of concentrate diet (control diet and diet supplemented with 10 % crude glycerin). Goats were intensively raised in individual pens with ad libitum water and Atratum grass (Paspalum atratum), while 2 % of concentrate diets was provided. After 90 days of feeding, 3 goats from each treatment combination were randomly sampled and sacrificed for further examination. From the study, castrated male goats had significantly higher slaughter and carcass weight, carcass fat percentage and chemical fat percentage than those of the intact males (P < 0.01). In addition, muscle from castrated male goats was more tender and lighter in color as compared with intact male goats (P < 0.01). Goats receiving a diet with extra glycerin had significantly higher weight at slaughter, warm carcass weight, carcass fat, and chemical fat percentages than those on the control diet. Therefore, it could be concluded that feeding goats with a diet of 10 % supplementary glycerin and castration could lead to better slaughter and warm weight, whereas a higher fat content in the carcass and muscle are observed.
Radical Scavenging and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Pectin from Cissampelos pareira Linn.
Authors: WISIDSRI Nakuntwalai , THUNGMUNGMEE Suradwadee
Published: November 2020

Cissampelos pareira Linn. (C. pareira) has been used as a medicinal herb for treating fever and analgesic by Indian and Thai people. This experimental research investigates the scavenging ability of C. pareira pectin from leaves of variable concentrations on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals, its anti-inflammatory property on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and the cell viability. The experimental results show that the DPPH and NO scavenging performances of C. pareira pectin are positively correlated to the pectin concentrations, with corresponding half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50)of 0.54 and 0.52 mg/ml. Meanwhile, the NO production in the LPS-stimulated macrophage cells is inversely correlated to the pectin concentrations. The cell viability in the LPS-stimulated macrophage cells is positively correlated to the C. pareira pectin concentrations, given the non-cytotoxicity of the extract compound. In essence, the inhibition of free radicals and the suppression of activated macrophages point to the usefulness of C. pareira pectin in functional dietary products and herb-based pharmaceuticals.
The Effectiveness of Life Skills Program on Life Skills to Prevent Risky Sexual Behaviours in Primary School Students, Thailand
Authors: BOONTEM Phagapun , SUTHAMMA Penprapa , JURAKARN Narunest
Published: November 2020

Risky sexual behaviors are a very serious problem, especially in youth and adolescence. This study aims to compare the effects of and integrated sex education and life skills program on life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors in primary school students. Design: The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental, pre-posttest 2-group design. Sample: 34 primary students were in the control group, and 34 primary students were in the experiment group. Intervention: The experimental group participated in the integrated sex education and life skill program to promote life skills and prevent risky sexual behaviors, while the control group participated in the usual educational program regarding sexual and reproductive health that already exists in schools. Measurements: The data on both groups were gathered through questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics and life skills for preventive risky sexual behaviors. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups (t-test = 2.39, p-value < 0.05) 3 months after the life skills programs, while no significant difference was noted in the experimental group (mean difference = -2.53, p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: The integrated sex education and life skill program posed potential utility for primary students and also capable provision for further study for other groups.
Can the Meat from Angus Crossbreds with Bos indicus Dams Compete with that from Bos taurus Dams in Organoleptic Properties and Fatty Acid Profile?
Authors: CHAIWANG Niraporn , BUNMEE Thanaporn , SAMOOTKWAM Kittipong , TIPNATE Bulgul , WARITTHITHAM Amphon , KREUZER Michael , JATURASITHA Sanchai
Published: November 2020

It was experimentally determined whether crossbreeding with Bos indicus dams compared to Bos taurus dams may provide meat which is competitive in organoleptic properties and fatty acid (FA) profile and if tenderness, assumed to be lower, is really adversely affected. Eight Black Angus × White Lamphun (A×W) bulls were compared with 8 Black Angus × Holstein Friesian (A×H). M. longissimus thoracis, M. semimembranosus and M. infraspinatus were analyzed for organoleptic properties and objective explanatory properties related to tenderness, as well as FA profile.Tenderness was judged lower in the M. infraspinatus of A×W than A×H, but not in the other muscles. Shear force and collagen solubility tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in all 3 muscles of A×W compared to those of A×H. The fat content of the M. longissimus thoracis from A×W was lower than that from A×H. The lipids in the M. longissimus thoracis from A×W were richer in polyunsaturated FA and total n-3 FA, and poorer in C18:0 and saturated FA than those of A×H. Furthermore, the lipids of the M. semimembranosus from A×W had higher proportions of C14:1 and C16:1 than that of A×H. The FA in the M. infraspinatus from A×W had higher proportions of C18:3 n-3, mono-unsaturated FA and total n-3 FA and the proportion of saturated FA was lower than in A×H. The M. infraspinatus from A×W was lower in cholesterol content than that from A×H. There were some differences in tenderness (inferior in White Lamphun crossbreds) and FA profile (superior in White Lamphun crossbreds), but differences were numerically small and, thus, may be of low practical relevance. Therefore, crossbreeding with indigenous Bos indicus cattle does not seem to be restricted by low meat quality.
The Effect of Sound and Vibration on Postural Balance in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: BOVONSUNTHONCHAI Sunee , HENGSOMBOON Pichaya , TANGLUANG Sitapa , ANUSRI Pran , CHOTIKUL Pavitta , PHIWMOU Warakorn
Published: November 2020

Postural balance is influenced by alteration of somatosensory inputs. Sound and vibratory senses, one of several human senses may assist the postural control in a specific impaired situation. The aim of this pilot study was to quantify the effect of sound and vibration on postural balance in healthy young adults. Ten healthy young subjects volunteered to participate in the study. The average age, weight, height, and body mass index were 21.88 ± 0.42 years, 56.21 ± 9.80 kg, 159.75 ± 5.20 cm, and 21.99 ± 3.52 kg/m2. They were assessed for standing postural balance on a force plate over 6 conditions of sound and vibration applications under vision was excluded by using a blindfold. Postural balance variables consisted of planar deviation of Center of Pressure (CoP) and the maximum ranges of CoP in the medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) directions. Two-way ANOVA was used to find the effect and interaction effect of sound and vibration on the postural balance variables. Further analyses of the variables were performed on a basis of each factor. Between sound conditions (no sound and open sound), the variables were analyzed by the paired t-test. In addition, the effect of vibration (no vibration, vibration on quadriceps, and vibration on gastrocnemius) on the variables were analyzed by the one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results demonstrated no interaction effect and main effect of sound and vibration on the postural balance variables (p > 0.05). In addtion, no significant difference of the postural balance variables between sound conditions (p > 0.05) as well as among vibration conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sound and vibration did not effect to the postural balance during standing in healty young adults.
Characterizing Hyperbolic Functions over a Hyperplane
Authors: PONPETCH Kanet
Published: November 2020

A brief account of our recent works dealing with the problem of characterizing hyperbolic functions through the use of functional equations with side conditions is reported. Specifically, the fact that each of the n functions having a zero sum over n points lying in a hyperplane is necessarily a linear function, is generalized and the results so obtained are applied to characterize hyperbolic functions.
Desain Power System Stabilizer Berbasis Fuzzy dan Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Tamaji
Published: November 2020

One important factor to produce  a qualified electricity is the stability of the system.  An unstable system resulted  an undamped oscilation of system, and the stable system can damp the oscilation quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to apply  a stability device to a power system and it is called a Power System Stabilizer (PSS). One of stability design is a feedback control design. Here, in this research, the state feedback control are designed for Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) . The SMIB model is non linear therefore the feedback control can’t be designed directly. Some researchers do linearize the system before design the feedback control.  In this research, a nonlinear model of SMIB is build in a state space form. Subsequently, a fuzzification Takagi-Sugeno is applied. The state feedback controls are applied to design the control of SMIB fuzzy system, a state feedback gain is determined using method Routh Hurwitz. The determining the parameter of state feedback gain influence the performance of SMIB. Therefore, it is important to determine the suitable parameter such that the SMIB has the optimal performance. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to optimaze the performance of SMIB. In these research, it is compared the performance of SMIB by applying between Routh Hurwitz, fuzzy Routh Hurwitz, PSO fuzzy Routh Hurwitz for state feedback control. The simulation result show that Performance of SMIB using The PSO Fuzzy Routh  Hurwitz state feedback can improve the performance of SMIB, but the performance of Efd become oscillate and this method influence by the chosen parameter.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Sistem Penyalaan Lampu Otomatis Dalam Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Menggunakan Sensor Gerak dan Sensor Cahaya
Authors: Imam Marzuki
Published: November 2020

The manual use of household lights poses a problem in the efficiency of electricity use. Humans with various activities often do not pay attention to the condition of the lights in the room whether it lights up or not. This is certainly a waste of electricity when they leave the room without turning off the switch. Therefore, researchers propose an automation system that can save electricity from lighting. In designing the system there are two sensors used, namely Passive Infra Red (PIR) sensor and Light Dependent Resistror (LDR) sensor. PIR functions to detect the presence of human movements (objects) in the sensor work area, while the LDR sensor functions to detect the intensity of light around the room. The results of the system testing are that the PIR sensor works well around ± 2 minutes after the device is activated and the LDR Sensor will continuously measure the value of light intensity then turn on and off the light according to the programmed
Perhitungan TDS Overcurrent Relay Menggunakan Adaptive Modified Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Margo Pujiantara  , Rahmanditya R. Muhammad  , Soedibyo
Published: November 2020

Pertamina RU V Balikpapan will be integrated with electricity sources with PT. PLN. Then there will be a change in the generator operating pattern on the system so that it needs to be analyzed again. The protection system aims to isolate the interference quickly, selectively, and coordinatively so that damage to the system can be minimized and the continuity of electric power can be maintained properly. The important thing that must be considered from protection coordination, especially in overcurrent relays, is filling the TDS (Time Dial Setting) parameter. TDS regulates the relay operation time in securing a disturbance. Generally the TDS value is determined using a manual calculation to obtain a minimum TDS value. However, to get the right TDS value in coordinating with other relays it still uses trial and error methods. In this final project, we will discuss how to calculate the time dial overcurrent relay inverse setting with the adaptive modified firefly algorithm method in the electrical system at PT. Pertamina RU V Balikpapan considers integration with PLN to obtain a minimum TDS value. The result of this final project is to obtain a minimum TDS value in some cases typical types such as the longest channel, consideration of LVCB operating time, and short channels so that it can be well coordinated with the long lines installed on the same bus.
Prediksi Cakupan Area untuk Jaringan Wireless Indoor Kampus berdasarkan Penempatan Access Point
Authors: Fransiska Sisilia Mukti  , Allin Junikhah
Published: November 2020

The placement of a transmitter in a wireless network (access point) is one of the essential things which must be considered by the network designer. The right placement will give the maximum signal spread, especially for the closed environment, because of the effect of the indoor propagation, which affects the signal strength decrease significantly. Every AP’s placement point will have different signal spread pattern, including the coverage area. The AP placement process carried out so far still uses conventional methods, namely trial-error, which requires a long time to analyze its performance. A coverage prediction system modeling is built to determine the spread of signals generated by an AP. This modeling is done using a statistical approach in 2D. The modeling did a visualization that is run through software and gives the result of mapping the coverage area of an AP. The test results show that the percentage of area coverage generated based on the AP placement used is currently 72.5%. There are still areas that are not covered by the AP, especially for the NLOS propagation path because of the obstruction around the AP. The maximum distance between the AP and the user so that it is within the coverage area is 13.21m
Kendali Supply Beban Pada Sistem Pembangkit Hybrid
Authors: Hartawan Abdillah  , A.N. Afandi  , Aldilla Qurrata A’yun  , Sulton Ari wibowo
Published: November 2020

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya dihibridasi dengan sistem pembangkit yang lain yaitu Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin menjadi salah satu energi alternatif yang menjanjikan di Indonesia. Hibridasi pembangkit listrik adalah menggunakan dua atau lebih pembangkit listrik dengan sumber energi yang berbeda, umumnya dikombinasikan dan disupply dengan PLN atau Genset sehingga diperoleh sinergi yang memberikan keuntungan ekonomis maupun teknis (keandalan sistem supply). Pembangkit Hybrid akan maksimal pemakaianya jika disertai dengan kendali bebannya. Kendali beban bertujuan mengatur pemakaian energi listrik secara efisien agar energi listrik yang dibangkitkan seimbang dengan penggunaan beban yang dikeluarkan sehingga Pembangkit Hybrid tidak akan terjadi Black Out. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan intensitas cahaya matahari mempengaruhi daya yang dihasilkan oleh sel surya.  Intensitas cahaya matahari tertinggi saat pengujian yaitu pada siang hari sebesar 567 Lux dengan nilai tegangan 21.22 V dan arus 0.30 A, sedangkan intensitas cahaya matahari terendah pada sore pukul 17.00 dengan intensitas cahaya matahari 56 Lux dengan nilai tegangan 5.5 V dan arus 0.15 A.
Rekonfigurasi Jaringan Listrik Penyulang Tawun Rayon Ngawi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Binary Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Muhammad Ruswandi Djalal  , Herman Nawir  , Sonong
Published: November 2020

Rekonfigurasi jaringan (Network Reconfiguration) merupakan suatu usaha merubah bentuk konfigurasi jaringan distribusi dengan mengoperasikan pensakelaran terkontrol jarak jauh (switching remotely controlled) pada jaringan distribusi tanpa menimbulkan akibat yang beresiko pada operasi dan bentuk sistem jaringan distribusi secara keseluruhan. Dalam kondisi operasi normal, rekonfigurasi jaringan dilakukan karena dua alasan: mengurangi rugi-rugi daya pada sistem (loss reduction), mendapatkan pembebanan yang seimbang untuk mencegah pembebanan yang berlebih pada jaringan (load balancing).  Pada Jarinyan Tegangan menengah Penyulang Tawun Rayon Ngawi terdiri dari 57 bus (GTT) dan 60 saluran. Dari hasil running menunjukkan bahwa sebelum rekonfigurasi memutus switch line 56, 57, 58, 59 dan 60 setelah rekonfigurasi line 26, 27, 42, 47 dan 53. Sebelum rekonfigurasi jaringan mengalami losses sebesar 235.1532 kW setelah rekonfigurasi mengalami losses sebesar 184.1323 kW. Hasil rekonfigurasi dapat mereduksi losses 21.6969 %. Dan tegangan ujung sebelum rekonfigurasi 0,93891 pu menjadi 0.95897 pu
Fuzzy Logic Controller Sebagai Pengatur Kecepatan Motor Shunt
Authors: Machrus Ali  , Budiman  , Yanuangga Gala Hartlambang  , 4 Dwi Ajiatmo
Published: November 2020

Telah banyak penelitian pada motor shunt, karena kumparan penguat medan diparalel terhadap kumparan armatur. Motor DC shunt tidak terlalu membutuhkan banyak ruangan karena diameter kawat kecil, tetapi daya keluaran yang dihasilkan kecil karena arus penguatnya kecil. Metode Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) telah banyak digunakan untuk optimasi suatu system. Penelitian ini membandingkan antara desain tanpa controller, dengan PID controller, dan FLC controller. Dari ketiga desain, menunjukkan bahwa desain control Fuzzy Logic Controller terbaik dari ketiga desain dengan besar putaran 300.0 rpm dengan settling time 1.702 detik dan besar Arus Rotor Motor Shunt (A) sebesar 1.9598 A, dengan setling time 1.323 detik. Penelitian ini akan dikembangkan menggunakan metode kecerdasan buatan lainnya
Model DFIG Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin Sebagai Suatu Unit Pembangkit Tersebar
Authors: Ramadoni Syahputra  , Imam Robandi  , Mochamad Ashari
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) model in a wind turbine system as a unit of the distributed generator. The wind turbine driven by doubly-fed induction machine is a part of the distributed generation which feeds ac power to the distribution network.  The system is modeled and simulated in the Matlab Simulink environment in such a way that it can be suited for modeling of all types of induction generator configurations. The model makes use of rotor reference frame using a dynamic vector approach for machine model. The fuzzy logic controller is applied to the rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine. Wind turbine and its control unit are described in details. All power system components and the fuzzy controller are simulated in Matlab Simulink software. For studying the performance of the controller, different abnormal conditions are applied even the worst case. Simulation results prove the excellent performance of the fuzzy controller unit as improving power quality and stability of the wind turbine.
Pembelajaran Microcontroller MCS-51 Dengan Metodologi Interaktif
Authors: Tamaji  , Arief Budijanto
Published: November 2020

Evaluation Board Microcontroller 89S51 / 89S82 / 89S53 (PEM-51) is a tool used to support microcontroller subject learning with an interactive methodology. PEM-51 consists of input / output modules that are integrated in one PCB board. The modules consist of a switch input, keypad module, LED module, seven segment display module, LCD display module, ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) module, DAC (Digital to Analog Conver) module, Stepper motor module. The software used in this tool is C using the Keil µVision4 compiler. The interactive learning process can be done by making a simulation circuit using Proteus software before implementing it to a microcontroller. With PEM-51, it is expected to increase student competency in studying Microcontroller courses.
Pengaturan Debit Air Berdasarkan Volume Air Dalam Tangki Berbasis Imperalis Competitive Algorithm (ICA)
Authors: Markhaban Siswanto  , Mohammad Hasib Al Isbilly  , Asnun Parwanti  , Machrus Ali
Published: November 2020

An aquatic industry needs a good fluid flow measurement control system. Determination of the quantity of water is reduced because the volume of water in the holding tank varies. The effort to overcome this problem is made a system of performance regulation of water flow based on the volume of tanks with PID controls based on Imperalis Competitive Algorithm (ICA). This system uses ICA as a PID controller controller on a mini computer, flow sensor as a water speed detector, electric ball valve as an actuator. The working principle of this tool is to stabilize the output water speed per minute at a predetermined set point. This study compares 3 models; without control, PID control, PID Ziegler Nichols control, and PID controlled ICA controls. The simulation results in the study showed that the best control design in the study was the PID-ICA with the smallest overshot water level of 0.0154 pu, the smallest undershot water level of 0.0134 pu, the smallest overshot flow of 0.0102 pu, and the smallest undershot of 0.0097 pu.
Analisis Pengendalian Kecepatan DC Motor Berbasis Buck-Boost Konverter
Authors: Dwi Ajiatmo  , Imam Robandi
Published: November 2020

Buck Boost converter controls the use of efficient and economical low and medium power applications, another advantage is its simple design. Very fast response speed, low harmonic distortion components, and high power factor. In this paper, simulation control of the Buck-Boost DC Motor is presented using PSIM software. The results of the analysis and simulation with the PSIM program can be summarized as follows: In open loop dc motor speed, stable in 4.181 seconds and DC motor speed -2.499 rpm. In a closed loop controlled condition, the dc motor speed is stable at 2,308 seconds and the DC motor speed is 6,702 rpm.
Optimasi Kontrol Katup Aliran Debit Air Pada Mikro-Hidro Berbasis Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Asnun Parwanti  , Markhaban Siswanto  , Cholil Hasyim  , Mohammad Hasib Al Isbilly
Published: November 2020

Technically, Microhydro has three main components in generation, namely water (as an energy source), turbine, and generator. Water flowing with a certain capacity is channeled to the height of a certain house (turbine house). Water discharge is regulated by a water discharge regulating valve. In a power house, the water installation will pound the turbine, the turbine will receive energy directly from the water and turn it into mechanical energy. The shaft is then transmitted to the generator using a clutch. Because of frequent fluctuations in the frequency and voltage of the system which can cause damage to electrical equipment. Therefore optimization of the water flow valve control is used so that the frequency control can be more stable. To obtain optimal control parameters on a micro hydroelectric power generation system, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method is used. The results of this study will be tried by other methods, the results of which may be better.
Lean Management and its Impact on Achieving Career Creativity in the Business Organization: A Case study at the National Society for Electricity and Gas in Skikda (Algeria)
Authors: Mekimah Sabri
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of lean management in achieving Career creativity in the National Society for Electricity and Gas in Skikda (Algeria).

 The descriptive and analytical approach was relied upon with the use of the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection, which was distributed to a random sample of 230 workers from various administrative levels. descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze and test the study hypotheses using SPSS.

The study found that the impact of lean management in achieving career creativity in the National Society for Electricity and Gas in Skikda is weak, and it was estimated at 17.9%, this is what requires Society to increase attention to lean management because of its great importance and effective role in improving the elements of career creativity.
Mac Giolla Phádraig Osraí 1384-1534 AD: Part I
Authors:   Fitzpatrick Clan Society, Fitzpatrick Mike
Published: November 2020

The first part of this review of Mac Giolla Phádraig Osraí history (1384-1534) covers the period 1384, from the conquest of Richard II, to 1454, by which time the clan had entered into an alliance with their mortal enemies, the Butlers of Ormond. Twelve years after the commencement of this era the Lordship of Ossory had fallen to Finghin Óg; these were days of increasing formation of alliances between Gaelic chieftains. That changed around the time of Finghin Óg’s death in ca. 1417; the power struggle between Sir John Talbot and Sir James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, altered the face of Irish politics for the next 30 or so years, and Mac Giolla Phádraig Osraí had to choose one side or the other. It was a time when Donnchadh Mór, a previously unrecognised Lord of Ossory, was chieftain. His life and times are recounted from entries in the Annals of the Four Masters and other familiar texts, but three largely overlooked sources of Mac Giolla Phádraig Osraí history – Liber Ruber, the Ormond Deeds and the Kildare Rental – significantly add to our understand of both he and Mac Giolla Phádraig Osraí lineages, which to date have been muddled. New characters are uncovered, such as Morena ny Giolla Phádraig and her husband, John the Blind Butler, and the previously ignored branch, Clann Maeleachlainn Ruadh. An account of the early stages of the Ormond-Mac Giolla Phádraig Osraí alliance, which would ultimately fragment the clan, is provided.
Common Writing Problems and Writing Attitudes among Freshman University Students in Online Learning Environments: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gatcho Al Ryanne , Ramos Eduardo Teodoro
Published: November 2020

This paper is an exploratory study on college freshmen’s writing problems in relation to their attitudes towards writing in online learning environments. The writing problems that were explored were the following, as identified by Yates and Kenkel (2002): a) Surface writing problems and b) Global writing problems. The problems were found in the essays of the participants. In conjunction with the writing problems that were identified, attitudes towards checking and revising one’s work, towards writing, and towards receiving feedback on one’s writing were also identified through the writing attitude scale adopted from Erkan and Saban (2011) and was re-worded to suit the Philippine college context. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the writing problems were surface problems, particularly those related to verbs, nouns, and prepositions. As for writing attitudes, the participants of the study generally manifested positive attitudes towards writing.
Exploring Stress and Recovery Among High-Achieving Career Development Event Teams: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bowling Amanda M. , Thieman Erica B.
Published: November 2020

School Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) teachers can experience physiological stress through their various roles and responsibilities, including preparing Career Development Event (CDE) teams. Through CDE participation, students can encounter numerous benefits, but these academic competitions could be catalysts for stress. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to contextualize the experiences of high-achieving SBAE teachers and CDE participants through the lens of stress and resilience. Using a concurrent triangulated mixed methods design, physiological, quantitative data were collected through ambulatory heart rate monitors, and qualitative data were collected through teacher and CDE participant daily journals. We found that teachers encountered stress reactions the majority of the time with little to no recovery, where students experienced a more extensive range of stress reactions and recovery within the quantitative analysis. Both CDE contextspecific and role-specific stress catalysts existed within the qualitative and convergent analysis. SBAE teachers and CDE participants should utilize strategies that address both (a) sleep deprivation and (b) anticipatory and in-action stress to allow for increased cognitive performance and resilience.
Tagged to Teach Ag Day: Evaluating the Influence of a Recruitment Event on Students’ Perceptions of Campus Climate
Authors: Gates Hailey R. , Borges Bradley D. , Shoulders Catherine W.
Published: November 2020

In an effort to measure the influence of an immersive recruitment event, we sought to evaluate high school students’ perceptions toward university climate before and after engaging in a day-long event hosted as part of National Teach Ag Day. The Inviting School Survey-Revised (ISS-R) was administered via paper and pencil when the students arrived and again at the conclusion of the event. Pre-test scores indicated students had favorable opinions of all aspects of [University’s] climate factors before attending the event; however, mean scores were consistently higher on the post-test than on the pretest for all school climate factor areas. We recommend agricultural education departments explore the possibility of implementing a similar immersive recruitment event tailored specifically for agricultural education students. Further, we recommend future research use experimental methods and larger sample sizes to expand the generalizability of these findings.
Images from the Trenches: A Visual Narrative of the Concerns of Agricultural Education Majors
Authors: Roberts Richie , Stair Kristin S. , Granberry Tyler
Published: November 2020

This study described how agricultural education majors at Louisiana State University visually represented and narrated their concerns about teaching. To accomplish this, students captured photos during early field experiences (EFEs) and then critically reflected on those experiences through focus group interviews during the Fall 2018 and Fall 2019 academic semesters. As a product of our analysis of data, we offered a visual narrative of students’ concerns through three themes: (1) Blurred Expectations: Representations of Incompetence; (2) Framing Success: Depictions of Achievement; and (3) The Narrowest Lens: Views of Time. As a result, the first theme represented how students grappled with feelings of incompetence. In the second theme, they depicted success as a secondary agricultural education teacher as winning banners and awards, from which emerged key tensions. As students assigned meaning to this concern through the co-construction of knowledge, their perspectives began to mature and evolve. The final theme spoke to how the EFEs opened students’ eyes to the realities of teaching, especially regarding the time required to be effective. As such, we offered recommendations and implications for teacher preparation programs to better respond to the concerns of agricultural education majors preparing for careers as secondary teachers.
The Effect of Infographics on Recall of Information about Genetically Modified Foods
Authors: Waller Kassie , Hill Nellie , Meyers Courtney , McCord Amber , Gibson Courtney D.
Published: November 2020

Although multiple agricultural literacy campaigns exist, studies have found many people struggle to grasp agriculture topics. In order to process and learn information, individuals use a limited pool of cognitive resources. When topics or media messages are complex, those resources can be overwhelmed, thus hindering the learning process. Visual aids can prevent this from occurring. The purpose of this research was to test the use of infographics to communicate the topic of genetically modified foods. One-hundred-thirty undergraduate students were exposed to one of two randomly assigned stimuli. Both stimuli contained the same information about genetically modified foods, but one was presented in the form of an infographic, while the other was a text-only narrative. After viewing, participants were tested in a variety of ways on their ability to recall information. Sixty-nine of these participants took part in a delayed survey a week after stimuli exposure to again test recall and retention of the information they viewed. No significant difference was found in retention and recall rates when using an infographic versus a narrative to communicate a complex topic. However, this study provides several implications for future research in the area of visual communications in agricultural literacy.
The Dimensions of Professional Development Needs for Secondary Agricultural Education Teachers Across Career Stages: A Multiple Case Study Comparison
Authors: Roberts Richie , Wittie Brynn M. , Stair Kristin S. , Blackburn J. Joey , Smith H. Eric
Published: November 2020

This study sought to understand the professional development needs articulated by secondary agricultural education teachers across three career stages. To accomplish this, we collected data from secondary agricultural educators (N = 66) in Louisiana. Then, we performed a cross-case analysis to compare and contrast themes and axial codes. Through our analysis, three themes emerged in each case: (1) presage variables, (2) context variables, and (3) process variables. The themes represented the various dimensions of professional development that teachers expressed they desired to facilitate student success better. In particular, the Early Career Teachers’ non-traditional backgrounds often limited their exposure to opportunities; therefore, they desired more knowledge and skills in technical agricultural concepts. Meanwhile, Mid-Career Teachers were more stable and confident in their roles as secondary agricultural education teachers; nevertheless, they were frustrated because of various contextual forces that complicated their job duties. Finally, Career Teachers were experiencing career wind-down and had unique professional development requests to help them cope better with contextual changes influencing their responsibilities. Findings from this study, therefore, suggested that although areas of commonality exist across career stages, it is critical to differentiate professional development across programmatic dimensions of agricultural education.
Happy Spouse, Happy Greenhouse: Perceptions of the SBAE Teacher’s Spouse Regarding Agricultural Education as a Career
Authors: Hopkins Nicole , Sorensen Tyson J. , Burrows Michelle , Lawver Rebecca G.
Published: November 2020

The national shortage of qualified school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers is concerning because it can widen the existing gap of skilled workers in the agricultural field and those trained and motivated to tackle the world’s complex challenges. Utilizing the family-relatedness of work decisions theory and role conflict theory, this national study sought to explore a spouse’s attitudes, work-family conflict, and satisfaction towards SBAE as a career. Our findings show households (spouses together) spend over 90 hours at work each week, with spouses of SBAE teachers reporting high workinterference with family (WIF) and relatively high satisfaction with SBAE as a career. Over one third of the spouses reported having “a lot” or a “great deal” of influence on the career-decisions of their spouse. Participants (spouses of SBAE teachers) most enjoyed the career of their SBAE teacher spouse because of the satisfaction with the career and support received from other teachers. Participants reported not liking SBAE because of excessive work for no compensation and poor salary. The total household weekly hours, WIF, and family-supportive work culture were significant predictors of a spouse’s satisfaction, while gender, participation in agriculture education and family interference with work (FIW) were not. Future research exploring other predictors of spouse’s satisfaction with agricultural education as a career is warranted.
The effects of decomposing invasive jellyfish on biogeochemical fluxes and microbial dynamics in an ultra-oligotrophic sea
Authors: Guy-Haim Tamar , Rubin-Blum Maxim , Rahav Eyal , Belkin Natalia , Silverman Jacob , Sisma-Ventura Guy
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Over the past several decades, jellyfish blooms have
intensified spatially and temporally, affecting functions and services of
ecosystems worldwide. At the demise of a bloom, an enormous amount of
jellyfish biomass sinks to the seabed and decomposes. This process entails
reciprocal microbial and biogeochemical changes, typically enriching the
water column and seabed with large amounts of organic and inorganic
nutrients. Jellyfish decomposition was hypothesized to be particularly
important in nutrient-impoverished ecosystems, such as the Eastern
Mediterranean Sea – one of the most oligotrophic marine regions in the
world. Since the 1970s, this region has been experiencing the proliferation of a
notorious invasive scyphozoan jellyfish, Rhopilema nomadica. In this study, we estimated the
short-term decomposition effects of R. nomadica on nutrient dynamics at the
sediment–water interface. Our results show that the degradation of R. nomadica has led
to increased oxygen demand and acidification of overlying water as well as
high rates of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphate production. These
conditions favored heterotrophic microbial activity and bacterial biomass
accumulation, and triggered a shift towards heterotrophic biodegrading
bacterial communities, whereas autotrophic picophytoplankton abundance was
moderately affected or reduced. This shift may further decrease primary
production in the water column of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Deoxygenation, acidification, nutrient enrichment, and microbial community
shifts at the sediment–water interface may have a detrimental impact on
macrobenthic communities. Based on these findings, we suggest that
jelly-falls and their decay may facilitate an additional decline in
ecosystem functions and services.
CO2 fertilization effect can cause rainfall decrease as strong as large-scale
deforestation in the Amazon
Authors: Sampaio Gilvan , Shimizu Marília , Guimarães-Júnior Carlos A. , Alexandre Felipe , Cardoso Manoel , Domingues Tomas F. , Rammig Anja , von Randow Celso , Rezende Luiz F. C. , Lapola David M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Climate in the Amazon region is particularly sensitive to surface processes and properties such as heat fluxes and vegetation coverage. Rainfall is a key expression of land surface-atmosphere interactions in the region due to its strong dependence on forest transpiration. While a large number of past studies have shown the impacts of large-scale deforestation on annual rainfall, studies on the isolated effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) on canopy transpiration and rainfall are scarcer. Here for the first time we make a systematic comparison of the plant physiological effects of eCO2 and deforestation on Amazon rainfall. We use the CPTEC-Brazilian Atmospheric Model (BAM) with dynamic vegetation under a 1.5xCO2 and a 100 % substitution of the forest by pasture grassland, with all other conditions held similar between the two scenarios. We find that both scenarios result in equivalent average annual rainfall reductions (Physiology: −252 mm, −12 %; Deforestation: −292 mm, −13 %) that are well above observed Amazon rainfall interannual variability of 5.1 %. Rainfall decrease in the two scenarios are caused by a reduction of approximately 20 % of canopy transpiration, but for different reasons: eCO2-driven reduction of stomatal conductance in Physiology; decreased leaf area index of pasture (−66 %) and its dry-season lower surface vegetation coverage in Deforestation. Walker circulation is strengthened in the two scenarios (with enhanced convection over the Andes and a weak subsidence branch over east Amazon) but, again, through different mechanisms: enhanced west winds from the Pacific and reduced easterlies entering the basin in Physiology, and strongly increased easterlies in the Deforestation. Although our results for the Deforestation scenario are in agreement with previous observational and modelling studies, the lack of direct field-based ecosystem-level experimental evidence on the effect of eCO2 in moisture fluxes of tropical forests confers a considerable level of uncertainty to any projections on the physiological effect of eCO2 on Amazon rainfall. Furthermore, our results highlight the responsibilities of both Amazonian and non-Amazonian countries to mitigate potential future climatic change and its impacts in the region driven either by local deforestation or global CO2 emissions.
Different responses of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes to seasonally asymmetric
warming in an alpine grassland of Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Gong Yanming , Yue Ping , Li Kaihui , Mohammat Anwar , Liu Yanyan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seasonally asymmetric warming on CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in alpine grassland of Tianshan Mountains of Central Asia, from October 2016 to September 2019. Our results indicated that the CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes varied in the range 0.56–98.03 mg C m−2 h−1, −94.30–0.23 μg C m−2 h−1, and −1.28–10.09 μg N m−2 h−1, respectively. The CO2 and N2O fluxes were negatively correlated with soil temperature, but the CH4 fluxes decreased with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the variation in greenhouse gas flux under seasonally asymmetric warming was different between the growing season (June to September) and the non-growing season (October to May). In addition, the response rates of CO2 and N2O fluxes to temperature increases was significantly reduced due to warming throughout the year. Warming during the growing season led to a significant decrease in the response rate of CO2 flux to temperature increases. However, warming during the non-growing season caused a significant increase in the response rate of CO2 flux to temperature increases. The response rate of CH4 flux was insensitive to temperature increase under seasonally asymmetric warming. Thus, the main finding of our results was that seasonally asymmetric warming resulted in different responses in the fluxes of individual greenhouse gases to rising temperatures in the alpine grassland.
Multi-compartment kinetic-allometric model of radionuclide
bioaccumulation in marine fish
Authors: Bezhenar Roman , Kim Kyeong Ok , Maderich Vladimir , de With Govert , Jung Kyung Tae
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A model of the radionuclide accumulation in fish taking into account the contribution of different tissues and allometry is presented. The basic model assumptions are as follows: (i) A fish organism is represented by several compartments in which radionuclides are homogeneously distributed; (ii) The compartments correspond to three groups of organs/tissues: muscle, bones and organs (kidney, liver, gonads, etc.) differing in metabolic function; (iii) Two input compartments include gills absorbing contamination from water and digestive tract through which contaminated food is absorbed; (iv) The absorbed radionuclide is redistributed between organs/tissues according to their metabolic functions; (v) The elimination of assimilated elements from each group of organs/tissues differs, reflecting differences in specific tissues/organs in which elements were accumulated; and (vi) The food and water uptake rates, elimination rate and growth rate depend on the metabolic rate, which is scaled by fish mass to the 3/4 power. The analytical solutions of the system of model equations describing dynamics of the assimilation and elimination of 134Cs, 57Co, 60Co, 54Mn and 65Zn, which are preferably accumulated in different tissues, exhibited good agreement with the laboratory experiments. The developed multi-compartment kinetic-allometric model was embedded into the compartment model POSEIDON-R, which describes transport of radionuclides in water, accumulation in the sediment, and transfer of radionuclides through the pelagic and benthic food webs. The POSEIDON-R model was applied for the simulation of the transport and fate of 60Co and 54Mn routinely released from Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) located on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden and for calculation of 90Sr concentration in fish after the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP. Predicted concentrations of radionuclides in fish agree with the measurements much better than predicted using standard whole-body model and target tissue model. The model with the defined generic parameters could be used in different marine environments without calibration based on a posteriori information, which is important for emergency decision support systems.
Millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 variations during the Marine Isotope Stage 6 period (190–135 ka)
Authors: Shin Jinhwa , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Grilli Roberto , Chowdhry Beeman Jai , Parrenin Frédéric , Teste Grégory , Landais Amaelle , Schmidely Loïc , Silva Lucas , Schmitt Jochen , Bereiter Bernhard , Stocker Thomas F. , Fischer Hubertus , Chappellaz Jérôme
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Using new and previously published CO2 data from the
EPICA Dome C ice core (EDC), we reconstruct a new high-resolution record of
atmospheric CO2 during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (190 to 135 ka)  the penultimate glacial period. Similar to the last glacial cycle,
where high-resolution data already exists, our record shows that during
longer North Atlantic (NA) stadials, millennial CO2 variations during
MIS 6 are clearly coincident with the bipolar seesaw signal in the Antarctic
temperature record. However, during one short stadial in the NA, atmospheric
CO2 variation is small (∼5 ppm) and the relationship
between temperature variations in EDC and atmospheric CO2 is unclear.
The magnitude of CO2 increase during Carbon Dioxide Maxima (CDM) is
closely related to the NA stadial duration in both MIS 6 and MIS 3 (60–27 ka). This observation implies that during the last two glacials the
overall bipolar seesaw coupling of climate and atmospheric CO2 operated similarly. In addition, similar to the last glacial period, CDM during the
earliest MIS 6 show different lags with respect to the corresponding abrupt
CH4 rises, the latter reflecting rapid warming in the Northern
Hemisphere (NH). During MIS 6i at around 181.5±0.3 ka, CDM 6i
lags the abrupt warming in the NH by only 240±320 years. However,
during CDM 6iv (171.1±0.2 ka) and CDM 6iii (175.4±0.4 ka) the lag is much longer: 1290±540 years on average. We speculate
that the size of this lag may be related to a larger expansion of carbon-rich, southern-sourced waters into the Northern Hemisphere in MIS 6,
providing a larger carbon reservoir that requires more time to be depleted.