bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotube-based multiple source C-arm CT system: feasibility study with prototype system
Authors: Moon Seunghyuk , Kang Jungsu , Kim Youngkwang , Jo Eunha , Jeong Pilsoo , Roh Youngjun , Baek Jongduk
Published: December 2023

To extend the field of view while reducing dimensions of the C-arm, we propose a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based C-arm computed tomography (CT) system with multiple X-ray sources. A prototype system was developed using three CNT X-ray sources, enabling a feasibility study. Geometry calibration and image reconstruction were performed to improve the quality of image acquisition. However, the geometry of the prototype system led to projection truncation for each source and an overlap region of object area covered by each source in the two-dimensional Radon space, necessitating specific corrective measures. We addressed these problems by implementing truncation correction and applying weighting techniques to the overlap region during the image reconstruction phase. Furthermore, to enable image reconstruction with a scan angle less than 360°, we designed a weighting function to solve data redundancy caused by the short scan angle. The accuracy of the geometry calibration method was evaluated via computer simulations. We also quantified the improvements in reconstructed image quality using mean-squared error and structural similarity. Moreover, detector lag correction was applied to address the afterglow observed in the experimental data obtained from the prototype system. Our evaluation of image quality involved comparing reconstructed images obtained with and without incorporating the geometry calibration results and images with and without lag correction. The outcomes of our simulation study and experimental investigation demonstrated the efficacy of our proposed geometry calibration, image reconstruction method, and lag correction in reducing image artifacts.
Switchable liquid crystal lenticular microlens arrays based on photopolymerization-induced phase separation for 2D/3D autostereoscopic displays
Authors: Cai Wenfeng , Cheng Ming , Kong Delai , Ma Zongjun , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2023

Conventionally, the fabrication of liquid crystal lenticular microlens arrays (LCLMLAs) is complicated and costly. Here, we demonstrate a one-step fabrication technique for LCLMLAs, which is prepared through the photopolymerization-induced phase separation in the LC/polymer composite. The LCLMLAs possess both polarization-dependent and electrically tunable focusing properties. Furthermore, we construct a 14-view 2D/3D switchable autostereoscopic display prototype based on a 2D LCD panel and the prepared LCLMLA, which has a viewing angle of 14° and a crosstalk of 46.2% at the optimal viewing zone. The proposed LCLMLAs have the merits of simple fabrication, large-scale production, and low cost.
Phosphor-free micro-pyramid InGaN-based white light-emitting diode with a high color rendering index on a β-Ga2O3 substrate
Authors: Duo Yiwei , Yin Yu , He Rui , Chen Renfeng , Song Yijian , Long Hao , Wang Junxi , Wei Tongbo
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate the InGaN/GaN-based monolithic micro-pyramid white (MPW) vertical LED (VLED) grown on (−201)-oriented β-Ga2O3 substrate by selective area growth. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals an almost defect-free GaN pyramid structure on (10–11) sidewalls, including stacked dual-wavelength multi-quantum wells (MQWs). From the electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the fabricated MPW VLED, a white light emission with a high color rendering index (CRI) of 97.4 is achieved. Furthermore, the simulation shows that the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the MPW VLED is at least 4 times higher compared with the conventional planar LED. These results show that the MPW VLED grown on β-Ga2O3 has great potential for highly efficient phosphor-free white light emission.
Nano-optical theory of planar x-ray waveguides
Authors: Lohse Leon Merten , Andrejic Petar
Published: December 2023

X-ray waveguides are routinely used at synchrotron light sources in imaging setups and as a platform for experiments with quantum emitters, providing nanometer-sized confinement – even x-ray optics on a chip has been showcased. X-ray waveguides are weakly guiding and experience significant material absorption, such that the established waveguide theory is not immediately applicable. Here, a general self-contained nano-optical theory of planar waveguides is derived, which is appropriate for hard x-ray energies. Solutions of the electromagnetic fields and its Green’s functions and their expansions into resonant and non-resonant modes are derived. A method to reliably find the resonant modes of x-ray waveguide structures is presented. Based on the general theory, certain common experimental geometries, namely evanescent coupling in grazing-incidence, front-coupling in forward-incidence and radiation from buried emitters, are discussed in more detail. Complementing the analytic discussion, numerical tools are provided and applied to quantitatively extract the main figures of merit. The theory provides an analytic foundation for the interpretation of past and future experiments and, combined with the numerical tools, will facilitate the computer-aided design of x-ray waveguides.
Taking lead from the community: What do young people living with HIV want us to research?
Authors: Mudra Rakshasa-Loots Arish , van Wyhe Kaylee S. , Naidoo Shalena , Daizana Ntuthu , Laughton Barbara , Boyana Tembela
Published: December 2023

Priority setting workshops enable researchers to take the lead from people with relevant lived experience, and design research which authentically responds to community needs. Large-scale global priority setting exercises have previously identified key research questions related to paediatric and adolescent HIV treatment, prevention, and service delivery. However, priority setting workshops focused on the needs of young people living with HIV are lacking in southern Africa. Here, we report the outcome of a priority setting workshop organised in Cape Town, South Africa with 19 young people living with HIV and their parents and caregivers. Workshops were facilitated by trained research and clinical staff, who provided a plain-language introduction to research questions for the attendees. During the day-long workshop, attendees developed a list of research questions concerning HIV-related physical health, mental health, and psychosocial support and later voted on the order of importance for the questions which they had collectively identified. Facilitators did not prompt any questions or amend the phrasing of questions generated by the attendees. A cure for HIV was highlighted as the most important research priority for young people living with HIV. Other priorities for young people included the effects of antiretroviral therapy on the body, the brain, and their social relationships, causes of emotional issues such as depression and mood swings, and potential interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma in schools through positive education for teachers and students. Research priorities for parents and caregivers included improving antiretroviral adherence through long-acting injections, mental health impacts of HIV status disclosure without consent, and improving support provided by local community clinics. The research questions identified through this workshop may be used by researchers to develop future studies which truly benefit young people living with HIV in South Africa and beyond.
The effect of producer groups on the productivity and technical efficiency of smallholder cocoa farmers in Ghana
Authors: Donkor Ebenezer , Dela Amegbe Emmanuel , Ratinger Tomas , Hejkrlik Jiri
Published: December 2023

Producer groups are influential in Ghana’s cocoa value chain. They facilitate training, extension, education and inputs to their members. Still, there is no study on the impact of these producer groups on the technical efficiency and productivity of smallholder cocoa farmers. Using data from 217 and 199 members and non-members of cocoa producer groups, this study aimed to analyse producer groups’ impact on smallholder farmers’ technical efficiency and yield. The truncated normal distribution stochastic frontier model was adopted to estimate the farmers’ technical efficiency. Since the model showed an issue of inefficiency among the farmers, we added socio-demographic and institutional variables to account for determinants of inefficiency. Finally, we adopted an endogenous treatment regression model to analyse producer groups’ impact on the farmers’ technical efficiency by accounting for observed and unobserved biases. The study results show that farm size, labour, and capital significantly positively impact the partial elasticity of production. Age, education, use of hybrid cocoa, involvement in off-farm jobs, extension access, and producer group membership significantly affect inefficiency. The results further show that producer group membership significantly impacts technical efficiency and yield from the endogenous treatment regression model. To deal with the issues of non-participating in the producer groups, the study recommends that producer groups should be made accessible to farmers. Policymakers can promote the formation and strengthening of producer groups, leading to improved productivity and technical efficiency among cocoa farmers. This approach empowers farmers, enhances their access to resources and knowledge, and enables them to collectively address common challenges, ultimately contributing to sustainable cocoa production and better livelihoods for cocoa farming communities.
Exploring the impact of renewable energy on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from partial least squares structural equation modeling
Authors: Gyimah Justice , Fiati Maclean Kwasi , Nwigwe Ujunwa Angela , Vanessa Amenyawu Enyonam , Yao Xilong
Published: December 2023

The concern for environmental sustainability comes along with sustainable energy for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to explore the direct and indirect effects of renewable energy on economic growth and carbon emissions by employing Partial Least Square Structure Equation Modeling and Granger Causality Test and the data for this study is from 1990 to 2021. The results from the Partial Least Squares Structure Equation Modeling indicate that renewable energy consumption causes carbon emissions and has no effect on economic growth. Financial inclusion and foreign direct investment have positive effects on carbon emissions. However, renewable energy has an indirect negative effect on carbon emissions through economic growth. Foreign direct investment affects economic growth positively. Furthermore, the results from the Granger causality test indicate that renewable energy has a unidirectional causality relationship with financial inclusion and foreign direct investment and has a feedback causality relationship with economic growth. In addition, there is a feedback causal effect between financial inclusion and carbon emissions, a unidirectional effect running from carbon emissions to foreign direct investment, and a causal effect from economic growth to foreign direct investment. This study has suggested comprehensive policy recommendations for policymakers based on the findings.
Physical measures of physical functioning as prognostic factors to predict outcomes in low back pain: Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Rashed Rameeza , Kowalski Katie , Walton David , Niazigharemakhe Afieh , Rushton Alison
Published: December 2023

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent condition that substantially impairs individuals’ physical functioning. This highlights the need for effective management strategies to improve patient outcomes. It is, therefore, crucial to have knowledge of physical functioning prognostic factors that can predict outcomes to facilitate the development of targeted treatment plans aiming to achieve better patient outcomes. There is no synthesis of evidence for physical functioning measures as prognostic factors in the LBP population. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence for physical measures of physical functioning as prognostic factors to predict outcomes in LBP.

Methods

The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Prospective longitudinal observational studies investigating potential physical prognostic factors in LBP and/or low back-related leg pain population will be included, with no restriction on outcome. Searches will be performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL databases, grey literature search using Open Grey System and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, hand-searching journals, and reference lists of included studies. Two independent reviewers will evaluate the eligibility of studies, extract data, assess risk of bias and quality of evidence. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Adequacy of clinical, methodological, and statistical homogeneity among included studies will decide quantitative (meta-analysis) or qualitative analysis (narrative synthesis) focused on prognostic factors and strength of association with outcomes. Quality of cumulative evidence will be evaluated using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).

Discussion

Information about prognostic factors can be used to predict outcomes in LBP. Accurate outcome prediction is essential for identifying high-risk patients that allows targeted allocation of healthcare resources, ultimately reducing the healthcare burden.

Registration

PROSPERO, CRD42023406796.
Hookworms dynamically respond to loss of Type 2 immune pressure
Authors: Ferguson Annabel A. , Inclan-Rico Juan M. , Lu Dihong , Bobardt Sarah D. , Hung LiYin , Gouil Quentin , Baker Louise , Ritchie Matthew E. , Jex Aaron R. , Schwarz Erich M. , Rossi Heather L. , Nair Meera G. , Dillman Adler R. , Herbert De’Broski R.
Published: December 2023

The impact of the host immune environment on parasite transcription and fitness is currently unknown. It is widely held that hookworm infections have an immunomodulatory impact on the host, but whether the converse is true remains unclear. Immunity against adult-stage hookworms is largely mediated by Type 2 immune responses driven by the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6). This study investigated whether serial passage of the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6 KO) caused changes in parasites over time. After adaptation to STAT6 KO hosts, N. brasiliensis increased their reproductive output, feeding capacity, energy content, and body size. Using an improved N. brasiliensis genome, we found that these physiological changes corresponded with a dramatic shift in the transcriptional landscape, including increased expression of gene pathways associated with egg production, but a decrease in genes encoding neuropeptides, proteases, SCP/TAPS proteins, and transthyretin-like proteins; the latter three categories have been repeatedly observed in hookworm excreted/secreted proteins (ESPs) implicated in immunosuppression. Although transcriptional changes started to appear in the first generation of passage in STAT6 KO hosts for both immature and mature adult stages, downregulation of the genes putatively involved in immunosuppression was only observed after multiple generations in this immunodeficient environment. When STAT6 KO-adapted N. brasiliensis were reintroduced to a naive WT host after up to 26 generations, this progressive change in host-adaptation corresponded to increased production of inflammatory cytokines by the WT host. Surprisingly, however, this single exposure of STAT6 KO-adapted N. brasiliensis to WT hosts resulted in worms that were morphologically and transcriptionally indistinguishable from WT-adapted parasites. This work uncovers remarkable plasticity in the ability of hookworms to adapt to their hosts, which may present a general feature of parasitic nematodes.
Digitális világégés
Authors: Engel Enikő , Fekete Áron
Published: December 2023

Images are important building blocks of textbooks, especially in the
21st century with its visual culture. Today, students find it unimaginable
to learn from textbooks that only work with descriptive text. This is not a
problem, since the pictures have many educational possibilities, because
they not only have an illustrative function, but they can also motivate the
students, new knowledge can be gained through them, they help to organize
knowledge and interpret the curriculum. With the development of technology,
we use more and more support and digital technology during the educational
process in order to develop students’ competencies in an increasingly
simple way, in line with current expectations. Aid materials, which are
available online, are also gaining ground. This is also the case with the
smart textbook on the National Public Education Portal. In our study, we
analyzed the pictures related to the Second World War in the NKP smart
textbook. During the investigation, we examined their functions in teaching
and their didactic processing, with particular attention to the properties
of the maps and pictures in the textbooks. Sometimes we also made
suggestions about how it could be done to change the visual material of
these books to make them more resource-oriented and didactic to become more
modern and efficient. We also examined the factor of how well the figures
in the smart textbook available online make use of the opportunities
offered by the World Wide Web, for example, do they use the potential
inherent in hyperlinks, do they use animations or other special elements
that exceed the possibilities of paper-based textbooks and atlases.
According to our hypothesis, the fact that smart textbooks are freely
available on the Internet and are visually spectacular does not
automatically mean that they are better in a pedagogically way, and
pedagogically more up-to-date. Also, we believe that these textbooks do not
take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Internet in terms of
pedagogical expediency. They are closer to a paper-based textbook than a
modern, didactically up-to-date teaching tool that uses online space well.
Trial by Fire
Authors: Mezey Csaba Bence
Published: December 2023

The Vietnam war (1955-75) was a conflict that made its mark on
global history. It was a truly multidimensional conflict, where the
frontlines were not separate from the heartlands. To bring order to the
chaotic situation created by the aftermath of French withdrawal from
Indochina, the United States of America decided to involve itself in the
pacification of South Vietnam. They wanted to create a stable US-aligned
regime which would curtail communist efforts in the region. In order to
achieve this, they launched multiple intelligence-gathering and
pacification campaigns. But despite the considerable efforts and resources
brought to bear, South Vietnam fell to communism in 1975. In this paper, I
will give a brief overview of US pacification attempts, and the problems
relating to fighting such a difficult battle, where there are no clear
sides, and anyone can be a potential enemy. Given the nature of the
subject, few such works have been made that attempt to compare the methods
listed here.
Az állampolgárságra és demokráciára nevelés helyzete a pécsi
történelem tanár szakos hallgatók körében
Authors: Rédli Mátyás
Published: December 2023

Research on citizenship and democracy education tends to focus on
secondary and primary school students or the teachers who teach them, with
less attention paid to student teachers. However, the present research
focuses on them. Research also often includes criticisms of the traditional
school system, such as its focus on curricula and teachers, which are less
conducive to the development of competences such as civic competences. It
may therefore be interesting to know what values and attitudes students
have from a methodological point of view. In my study, I present the
results of a research with history and civics students of the University of
Pécs. The questionnaire asks about the students’ values, their preferred
pedagogical methods and tools, and their knowledge of these (e.g.
teacher-student relationship, classroom layout, use of cooperative
activities, students’ opinions, ICT tools and their use). I wanted to
support the claim that the impact of the traditional school model will lead
to a significant preference by teacher candidates for teaching-learning
methods that are less conducive to active citizenship and democracy
education. The students’ responses do indeed reflect elements of
teacher-centeredness, but in many respects, they also differ from it.
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY OF REGIONS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT BY THE LEVEL OF INCOME AND PROPERTY POTENTIAL OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Maratkanova I. V. , Maslihova E. A. , Gubanischeva M. A.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the methodology and results of the typology of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of the income and property potential of the population. The authors use the method of multivariate classification — cluster analysis, the application of which in this study was carried out in stages using the Statistica software package. To measure the level of income and property potential of the population, a system of indicators was used, including income, as well as the provision of movable and immovable property to the population. As a result, the authors identified three groups of regions with different levels of income and property potential of the population. An analysis was carried out in which each resulting cluster is compared with the average values for the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation, as well as for indicators of the income and property potential of the population. The authors focus on the significant heterogeneity of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of income and property indicators and point out the need for a differentiated approach when making decisions in the field of evidence-based state policy and a long-term strategy for the dynamic growth of the welfare of the population.
INTERREGIONAL COMMODITY EXCHANGE OF THE ALTAI KRAI IN 1990-2020 IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Trotskovsky A. Ya. , Nazemtseva Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2023

The article considers the driving forces and factors that have a significant impact on the dynamics of trade relations between the Altai Krai and other regions. An assessment is made of the degree of trade's closeness and economic ties between the Altai Krai and other Russian regions, a detailed analysis of their role and place in the exchange of goods with the Altai Krai in 1990-2020 is carried out. The analysis was carried out in two main perspectives of interregional trade — import and export of products, taking into account its commodity structure on the example of two time periods: in the period 2001-2016, as well as in the modern period 2017-2020. The conclusion is made about the importance of demand for the products of Altai manufacturers from the regions of Russia as the most important driver of growth in agriculture and industry. A long-term stable trend of the predominance of imports of industrial and technical products into the region and exports of consumer goods from the region has been revealed. It is proved that the Altai Krai is extremely important for the development of production in a number of Russian regions, despiteits sales market's narrowness and limited domestic demand. The main periods in the development of trade and interregional economic relations, which differ significantly in intensity, are identified. The dynamics of interregional commodity exchange of the region, which occurred under the influence of shifts in its sectoral structure and the structure of domestic demand, is revealed. The features of interregional integration processes in the tradesphere in different chronological periods are revealed and characterized.
FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE TYVA REPUBLIC: NEW OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Kylgyday A. Ch. , Balakina G. F.
Published: December 2023

The dynamics of foreign economic activity in the Republic of Tyva for 2015–2021, the change in the foreign trade turnover of Tuva with Mongolia, with countries of near and far abroad are analyzed. Trade turnover of Tuva with external partners has a positive balance. A significant share of foreign trade turnover falls on non-CIS countries. It is noted that the nature of trade and economic relations with Mongolia is influenced by the relative development of the transport system of Tuva, the republic does not have a railway connection with the rest of the country. New opportunities for further expansion of interregional and strengthening international economic relations between the two neighboring regions are due to the possibilities of solving infrastructure problems, joining the region to the Russian railway network. It is proposed to use new tools for developing foreign economic relations, expanding the space for interregional cooperation, innovative approaches to attracting investments, and strategies for developing the region's foreign economic activity. The creation of a cross-border special economic region and a cross-border corridor Russia — Mongolia — China are substantiated.
INVOLVEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE KIROV REGION
Authors: Sennikova I. L. , Selina V. K.
Published: December 2023

Innovative and sustainable development of each region and the country as a whole in the context of the dynamic development of science and technology is receiving increasing attention from the state and society. Thus, as one of the key goals of the priority direction “Development of economic potential” of the strategy of socioeconomic development of the Kirov region for the period up to 2035, approved by the decree of the Government of the Kirov region dated 28.04.2021 No. 76, is the formation of a new efficient economy based on knowledge, the development of innovation, high-tech sectors of the economy, small and medium-sized businesses as the main conductor of mass innovations. Over the past few years, there has been a clear increase in the attention of the state and society to the formation of an innovative environment: legal norms regulating innovation activities are being developed and approved, infrastructure facilities for the development and support of innovations are being created, new methods of innovation support are being introduced both by authorities and by leading enterprises and organizations. A special role in this process is assigned to young people, who are the most progressive socio-demographic group. Young people are actively involved both in the process of generating innovative ideas and their further implementation; they play an important role in the implementation of social organizational innovations in the Kirov region. The article presents an analysis of regional infrastructure facilities for supporting and developing innovations, as well as key innovative organizational decisions in the social sphere, analyzes the reasons for the existing basic growth rate of indicators, and proposes mechanisms for involving young people in innovative activities.
Patterns of chemotherapy use in muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a tertiary centre
Authors: Lim Kylie Yen-Yi , Chu Kevin , Rajarubendra Nieroshan , Huang ames , Pook David , Manohar Paul , Harper Matthew , Donnellan Scott , Ranasinghe Weranja
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been demonstrated to have significant benefits to survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), the current utilization of NAC in Australia is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) use in patients undergoing cystectomy for MIBC at a large tertiary institution in Australia.
 
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data of patients who underwent a radical cystectomy (RC) at a high-volume centre for MIBC between 2011 and 2021.
 
Results: Of 69 patients who had a cystectomy for ≥ pT2 bladder cancer, 73.9% were eligible for NAC. However, of those eligible, only five patients received NAC (9.8%). Of the total patients who were eligible for AC, only 44.4% received postoperative chemotherapy. Common reasons for the lack of uptake were due to patients being unfit or declining treatment. There was no difference in progression-free survival or overall survival in those who received NAC and AC.
 
Conclusions: The majority of patients undergoing RC for MIBC received AC compared to NAC, reflecting the real-world challenge of NAC uptake. This highlights the need for ongoing improvements in selection and usage of NAC and less reliance of AC utilization post RC.
First record of a golden jackal (Canis aureus) in the Savinja Valley (Northern Slovenia)
Authors: Krofel Miha , Potočnik Hubert
Published: December 2023

The article presents the record of an adult female golden jackal (Canis aureus) accidentally shot in 2005 near Gornji Grad in the Upper Savinja Valley, Northern Slovenia (UTM VM82, 980 m a.s.l.). Although this individual was most likely a vagrant, it indicates that golden jackals may soon, or perhaps already have, established permanent territories in Slovenia. Further studies are necessary to determine the status and distribution of this protected species in Slovenia, as well as public awareness actions, especially among hunters, in order to avoid additional accidents at hunting.
Prispevek k poznavanju metuljev (Lepidoptera) Slovenije: Štajerska in Koroška – I
Authors: Lesar Tone , Verovnik Rudi
Published: December 2023

The fauna of Lepidoptera of Slovenia is still poorly known, especially as far as Microlepidoptera are concerned. To encourage regular publishing of new records of rare Lepidoptera species in this region and Slovenia as a whole, the authors consider this contribution as the first in the series. The records from Štajerska and Koroška include information on 42 Microlepidoptera species new to the region with 5 species recorded in Slovenia for the first time. Records of further 17 Microlepidoptera species with no recent or doubtful records are included. Interesting and significant new records for six little known species of noctuid moths (Noctuidae) in Slovenia are also discussed.
Confirmed presence of territorial groups of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Slovenia
Authors: Krofel Miha
Published: December 2023

The article presents the first confirmed records of territorial groups of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Slovenia. During the survey at Ljubljansko barje on 20th February 2009, we noted a response by two jackal groups to a broadcasted howling near the village of Bevke (UTM VM82, 288 m a.s.l.). Since we recorded no response at any other location, it seems that the number of territorial golden jackals at Ljubljansko barje is small. Further studies would be needed to determine whether the jackals have already established permanent territories also in other regions of Slovenia.
Amaranthus tamariscinus Nutt. (Amaranthaceae): taxonomical notes on the species and its presence in Italy
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: December 2023

Based on a historical-nomenclatural study and examination of type material and Italian specimens, Amaranthus tamariscinus Nutt. is to be considered a casual alien species for Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Italy. The identity of the species is also discussed.
Check list of Slovenian Microlepidoptera
Authors: Lesar Tone , Govedič Marijan
Published: December 2023

A checklist of the Microlepidoptera species recorded in Slovenia is presented. Each entry is accompanied by complete references, and remarks where appropriate. Until now, the data on Microlepidopteran fauna of Slovenia have not been compiled, with the existing information scattered in literature, museums and private collections throughout Europe. The present checklist is based on records extracted from 290 literature sources published from 1763 (Scopoli) to present. In total, 1645 species from 56 families are listed.
Examples of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) application in marine ecology studies in the northern Adriatic
Authors: Flander-Putrle Vesna
Published: December 2023

Photosynthetic pigments have proved to be useful biomarkers of the abundance, composition and physiological status of the phytoplankton biomass in the marine environment. Using HPLC pigment analysis, we determined phytoplankton community structure in three different marine environments: in the area of a fish farm, in the area of sewage outlets, and in the mucilaginous aggregates. At the reference site we observed seasonal changes with prevalence of fucoxanthin-containing phytoplankton (i.e. diatoms) during winter/spring and autumn. In the fish farm area the concentration of chlorophyll a degradation products was higher, whereas in the locally enriched environment of sewage outlets we observed only small changes in taxonomic composition and phytoplankton biomass. The impact of season is more expressed than the impact of sewage discharge. With the use of HPLC pigment analysis we determined the development of phytoplankton community in different stages of mucilage aggregates. Phytoplankton biomass was composed primarily of diatoms, and as the aggregates aged, diatoms increased in the relative biomass. Our examples have proven the usefulness and suitability of HPLC pigment analysis in marine ecology studies.
Emergence and flight routes of the lesser horseshoe bats Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) from a church at Ljubljansko barje, central Slovenia
Authors: Ramovš Veronika , Zidar Simon , Zagmajster Maja
Published: December 2023

The flight routes from roosts to feeding habitats are important for efficient conservation of bats, but in Slovenia they are poorly known. Emergence and flight routes of the lesser horseshoe bats Rhinolophus hipposideros from the Church of Sveti Duh at Vnanje Gorice, Ljubljansko barje, were monitored on ten different days in August and September 2009. In the beginning of August, 72 lesser horseshoe bats were counted in the attic; the number decreased to 29 in the beginning of September. Individuals of three other bat species were also found in the attic and belfry: the greater mouse eared bats Myotis myotis, serotine bats Eptesicus serotinus and a group of alpine long-eared bats Plecotus macrobullaris. The lesser horseshoe bats emerged only from a single opening in the attic. The first bat flew out on average 16 minutes after the sunset, while the first bat amongst those that did not return to the roost left on average 20 minutes after sunset. The lesser horseshoe bats flew few metres above the ground into the nearby forest Gulč on the northwestern side of the church. We observed flying bats at nine locations in this forest and at three locations on the forest edge, where they probably foraged. Bats flew along a lit road next to houses, close to a major road they had to cross, and next to a railway southwest from the church. The spatial and temporal distribution of observations indicated the flight towards the mixed forest Plešivica, where a lesser horseshoe bat was observed app. 1.7 km bee-line distance SW from the church at Vnanje Gorice. Considering that bats generally follow linear elements in the landscape, and on the basis of our observations at 21 locations and flight behaviour we envisaged the most likely course of their flight route. These data are important for efficient conservation of the lesser horseshoe bats roosting at Vnanje Gorice and maintenance of important landscape elements in the surrounding landscape.
Fitobentos in kakovost vode v mrtvicah reke Mure
Authors: Krivograd Klemenčič Aleksandra , Balabanič Damjan
Published: December 2023

The purpose of our research was to determine species composition and abundance of phytobenthos in the selected Mura River's oxbows, as well as to determine water quality on the basis of indicator phytobenthos species. Altogether, 147 taxa from five algal classes were determined. According to the number of identified taxa, diatoms with 117 (80 %) taxa prevailed, followed by Chlorophyceae with 11 (7 %), Cyanobacteria with 10 (7 %), Xanthophyceae with seven (5 %) and Euglenophyceae with two (1 %) taxa. The most abundant genera were Navicula and Nitzschia. In the oxbow Zaton I, 37 algal taxa were identified, in the oxbow Zaton II 75, and in the oxbow Mali Bakovci 107. In the selected Mura oxbows, altogether 25 taxa for the first time identified in the territory of Slovenia were determined. 19 taxa new to Slovenia belong to the class of diatoms, Borzia curta and Woronichinia robusta to the class Cyanobacteria, Bumilleria klebsiana and B. spirotaenia to the class Xanthophyceae, Characium ensiforme and Microspora abbreviata to the class Chlorophycea. According to the results of the Saprobic Index, we can classify the Mura oxbows at sampling site Zaton I into II-III quality class, which means a critical load of the water body, and at sampling site Zaton II and Mali Bakovci into II quality class, which means a moderately polluted water body.
Spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic invertebrate community within a stream reach of the River Bača (W Slovenia)
Authors: Mori Nataša , Brancelj Anton
Published: December 2023

We studied spatio-temporal distribution of hyporheic invertebrate community at the stream-reach scale in the River Bača on three sampling occasions (January, March, May) in 2005. On each sampling occasion, invertebrates were collected from the shallow hyporheic zone (RB1; depth 30-60 cm, 3 replicates), and deeper hyporheic zone (RB2; depth 60-90 cm, 2 replicates) in the river bed, and adjacent gravel bar (GB; depth 60-90 cm, 3 replicates) using Bou-Rouch piston pump. Concurrently, temperature, conductivity and oxygen were measured in the surface water and in hyporheic water at each sampling station. Differences in hyporheic community between dates and habitats were analysed by using two-way ANOVA (dates and habitats as fixed factors) and explored by principal component analysis (PCA). Altogether, 21,657 specimens from 63 taxa were collected. Cyclopoida juveniles, Leuctra sp. (Plecoptera), Chironomidae (Diptera), Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fischer, 1853) and Diacyclops languidus (G. O. Sars, 1863) were the most abundant in the samples. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences between habitats (RB1 and GB), but no differences between dates when using taxonomic richness as dependent variable. No differences between habitats and dates were calculated when invertebrate densities were applied. PCA of hyporheic invertebrate data showed a gradient in community composition from shallow hyporheic zone (RB1) to deeper hyporheic zone (RB2) and gravel bar (GB). The differences were most probably due to different sediment composition in the studied habitats and less frequent disturbances due to floods in deeper layers and lateral gravel bars.
A survey of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) distribution in Slovenia in 2007 and 2010
Authors: Kalan Katja , Kostanjšek Rok , Merdić Enrih , Trilar Tomi
Published: December 2023

Spreading of the invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus in the southwestern part of Slovenia was studied in 2007 and 2010. The study was based on larval and adults search. Mosquito larvae were sampled with a dipper or a net from various artificial containers and the adults caught by human bait catches for 15 minutes. In 2007, the research was carried out in 64 municipalities, where 327 larval habitats were examined. Ae. albopictus was observed in 52 municipalities. Mosquito larvae were most often collected in small containers placed in shady areas. All the adults were caught near breeding sites. The species was found in most of the studied areas in south-western Slovenia, especially in its coastal part and near Nova Gorica. In 2010, a research was implemented in 12 municipalities that had proved negative for Ae. albopictus in 2007. The incidence of Ae. albopictus was surveyed in 100 larval habitats. The presence of Ae. albopictus was confirmed in almost all of the municipalities, which is an indicator of its firm establishment in the studied area.
New records of four-lined snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) in Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra (SI3000212)
Authors: Cafuta Vesna
Published: December 2023

The article presents new records of ten specimens (one juvenile, one subadult and eight snake sheddings) of four-lined snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) recorded in a period between May 2002 and March 2011 on seven locations in Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra (SI3000212). In some locations, the species was observed several times. Data show successful reproduction within the abovementioned Natura 2000 site.
Najdba vrste Bythinella austriaca (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) na Goričkem (severovzhodna Slovenija)
Authors: Vaupotič Marjan
Published: December 2023

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First record of Savi's pipistrelle Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte, 1837) in NW Slovenia
Authors: Likozar Lea
Published: December 2023

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Mlake – a hotspot of butterfly diversity in Slovenia
Authors: Verovnik Rudi , Kosmač Marko , Valič Peter
Published: December 2023

The Mlake military area in Vipava Valley has been recognized as possibly the most prominent ‘hot spot’ of butterfly diversity in Slovenia. An area of less than one square kilometre hosts 102 butterfly species or almost 57% of the total species confirmed for Slovenia. Among these, 23 species have been recognized as nationally or continentally threatened. Due to recent urbanization, the total area suitable for butterflies has been reduced to less than half, however, the effects on butterfly diversity of the area are not yet visible. The loss of several habitat specialist butterfly species and declines visible from transect monitoring in the last five years do, however, indicate the ongoing process of habitat degradation in Mlake military area. A focused management of the remaining habitats will be required to reverse this process.
Ponovno odkritje ogroženega rumenega porečnika Gomphus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) v Sloveniji po pol stoletja (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: Šácha Dušan , Bedjanič Matjaž
Published: December 2023

The species was recorded on 15 July 2011 along the Mura River side arm channel east of Petišovci, NE Slovenia. Its currently known distribution in Slovenia and neighbouring countries is presented. Due to its status as a protected species according to Annex IV of the EU Habitat Directive and up to now also the status of probably extinct and protected species according to Slovene legislation, the need for preservation of its habitats as well as need for further field studies in Slovenia are exposed.
Ecological status assessment of the rivers in Slovenia – an overview
Authors: Urbanič Gorazd
Published: December 2023

Adoption of the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC) includes ecological assessment of water bodies with biological communities. A WFD compliant ecological assessment includes ecological typology of water bodies, definition of reference conditions and classification system with five ecological classes. In this paper, an overview is given on the development of the ecological assessment system for Slovenian rivers. A special emphasis is laid on ecological river typology. 74 ecological river types were defined using bioregions or large rivers, and nine natural environmental descriptors recognised in literature as being important for river community composition in Slovenia. The rivers’ ecological status is assessed based on two biological elements, phytobenthos and macrophytes, and on benthic invertebrates, whereas an assessment system for fish is still under development. Phytoplankton rarely occurs in Slovenian rivers; therefore phytoplankton-based assessment systems were not developed. The Slovenian river classification system consists of three modules with pressure-specific assessment methods. The impact of three groups of pressures is assessed: organic pollution (saprobity), nutrient load (eutrophication) and hydromorphological alterations/general degradation. Phytobenthos and macrophytes are used to assess river saprobic and trophic status, whereas benthic invertebrates are used to assess saprobity and impact of hydromorphological alteration/general degradation. In our study, the impact of hydromorphological alterations of the Drava River was assessed using benthic invertebrates. A Slovenian multimetric index SMEIH was calculated at fifteen sampling sites. Good to bad ecological status was assessed. Moreover, at most sites within the Heavily Modified Water Bodies of the Drava River, good ecological potential was not achieved. In conclusion, mitigation measures are needed on the Drava River in order to achieve objectives of the Water Framework Directive.
Occurrences of the brown colour form of Western Whip (Hierophis viridiflavus carbonarius (Bonaparte, 1833)) in Slovenia
Authors: Jagar Tomaž , Ostanek Erika
Published: December 2023

This article presents the first documented records of brown coloured adults of Hierophis viridiflavus carbonarius in Slovenia, and overviews some of the historical notes on unconfirmed sightings of Hierophis gemonensis in the same area of distribution.
First record of partial melanism in Horvath’s rock lizard (Iberolacerta horvathi) from Slovenia
Authors: Delić Teo , Žagar Anamarija
Published: December 2023

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New records of Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840) in Macedonia (Odonata: Euphaeidae)
Authors: Bedjanič Matjaž , Vinko Damjan
Published: December 2023

Formerly known from Macedonia only from two old records made in the southeasternmost part of the country, the species has been newly recorded on 20-VII-2008 at the Luda Mara stream south of Kavadarci (S Macedonia), on 24-VII-2008 at the Konska Reka stream west of Gevgelija (SE Macedonia) and on 26-IV-2010 at the Sermeninska Reka stream northwest of Gevgelija (SE Macedonia). At all localities, the species’ development has been confirmed. Its currently known distribution in Macedonia and the neighbouring countries is presented and a short zoogeographical discussion provided.
First record of a cave maternity roost of Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) in Slovenia
Authors: Presetnik Primož , Kumar Borut
Published: December 2023

The first cave maternity roost of Rhinolophus hipposideros in Slovenia was discovered in the summer of 2011 in the »Pod kevdrom« cave. The cave is located in the Idrijca River canyon, SSW of the town of Idrija (Western Slovenia). Here, we present information on preliminary observations as to the number of adult and juvenile animals, along with temperature statistics and cave morphology.
Record of the China mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Slovenia
Authors: Klenovšek Dušan , Govedič Marijan , Vaupotič Marjan
Published: December 2023

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First record of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in the Nanoščica River basin, central Slovenia
Authors: Grželj Teja , Grželj Rok
Published: December 2023

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Opis prvih najdb nimfnega netopirja (Myotis alcathoe) v Sloveniji
Authors: Presetnik Primož
Published: December 2023

We present first observations of Myotis alcathoe in Slovenia. A male and two females of this species were mistnetted at a pond surrounded by an old full-grown beech-fir forest near Rdeči kamen (Kočevski rog), where other 16 bat species were found as well. Myotis alcathoe is the 30th bat species in Slovenia, and we assume that it inhabits other similar old broadleaf forests as well, which could be confirmed by further fieldwork coupled with genetic testing.