bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformasi Pola Asuh di Indonesia: Perbandingan Antara Generasi Tua dan Modern terhadap Perkembangan Karakter Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Dara Sabrina , Giopani Vioni , Fauziah Syifa , Khaulana Nenden
Published: February 2025

Transformasi pola asuh anak merupakan fenomena yang menarik untuk dikaji, terutama dalam konteks perbandingan antara generasi tua dan generasi modern. Setiap generasi membawa pandangan, nilai, dan praktik yang berbeda dalam mengasuh anak, yang secara langsung memengaruhi perkembangan karakter anak usia dini. Generasi modern lebih menekankan perkembangan emosional dan sosial anak serta memanfaatkan teknologi dan media sosial sebagai sumber informasi serta dukungan dalam pengasuhan. Sementara itu, generasi tua masih berpegang pada prinsip disiplin dan tanggung jawab sebagai dasar pembentukan karakter anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan pola asuh terhadap pembentukan karakter anak usia dini. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kombinasi pendekatan pengasuhan dari kedua generasi dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih optimal dalam membentuk karakter anak. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai pola asuh dapat membantu orang tua dalam menerapkan strategi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perkembangan anak.
Penerapan Project-Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kausal Anak Usia Dini: Studi Kasus di Indonesia
Authors: Ruwaida Gina Asri
Published: February 2025

Memasuki abad ke-21, individu dituntut untuk memiliki berbagai keterampilan guna menghadapi tantangan perubahan zaman. Salah satu keterampilan yang penting adalah causal reasoning skills. Namun, studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan ini masih rendah pada anak TK di Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan Project-Based Learning (PjBL) guna meningkatkan causal reasoning skills melalui proyek pembuatan buku cerita. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan (action research) dengan dua siklus. Partisipan penelitian terdiri dari empat anak kelas B dan seorang guru. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, serta catatan lapangan, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diterapkan PjBL, kemampuan causal reasoning anak masih rendah. Namun, setelah dilakukan intervensi melalui dua siklus, terjadi peningkatan kemampuan hingga level inference. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan PjBL sebagai metode efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir anak usia dini.
Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: Mechanisms and treatment options focusing on cellular therapy
Authors: Bhatnagar Payal , Elhariri Sherreen , Burud Ismail A S , Eid Nabil
Published: February 2025

Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (PFCD) is a common presentation of CD, which affects the patients’ quality of life, including social and sexual function. The management of PFCD remains a critical challenge in inflammatory bowel disease, primarily due to limited understanding of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis, complicating medical treatment. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-13 by infiltrating macrophages and other inflammatory cells stimulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resulting in activation of myofibroblasts and elevation of matrix metalloproteinases, leading to fistula formation. Given the potential for malignant transformation, PFCD screening is critical. Cytokine and inflammation-targeted therapies can help control this disease, but recurrence is a common complication. Surgical interventions such as fistulotomy represent viable therapeutic options, with magnetic resonance imaging serving as an important diagnostic tool for delineating fistula tract anatomy. Animal models and clinical trials demonstrate that injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the fistula results in suppression of the inflammatory cells and cytokines and complete resolution of PFCD. Recently, MSC-derived extracellular vehicles were found to stimulate fistula healing, with encouraging results. In this article, we comment on the review article by Pacheco et al , summarizing the various lines of PFCD treatment and highlighting the role of screening for this disease. Importantly, we focus on the various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PFCD, the therapeutic roles of MSCs and related extracellular vehicles, and explore the potential role of autophagy in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these cells, which may help in the treatment of this disease.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram for predicting esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Liang Lun-Xi , Liang Xiao , Zeng Ya , Wang Fen , Yu Xue-Ke
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis suffering from esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) face high mortality.

AIM

To investigate the risk factors for EGVB in patients with liver cirrhosis and establish a diagnostic nomogram.

METHODS

Patients with liver cirrhosis who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in a 6:4 ratio in this retrospective research. Univariate analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and multivariate analysis were employed to establish the nomogram model. Calibration curve, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to assess the discrimination, accuracy, and clinical practicability of the nomogram, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 1115 patients were enrolled in this study. The nomogram was established based on white blood cells (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (P < 0.001), fibrinogen (P < 0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.007), activated partial thromboplastin time (P = 0.002), total bile acid (P = 0.012), and ascites (P = 0.006). The calibration curve indicated that the actual observation results were in good agreement with the prediction results of the model. The AUC values of the diagnostic model were 0.861 and 0.859 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, which were higher than that of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, fibrosis index based on 4 factors, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio. Additionally, DCA indicated that the net benefit value of the model was higher than that of the other models.

CONCLUSION

This research constructed and validated a nomogram with perfect performance for predicting EGVB events in patients with liver cirrhosis, which could help clinicians with timely diagnosis, individualized treatment, and follow-up.
Endoscopic management of complete colorectal anastomotic occlusion: Where do we stand?
Authors: Tsagkidou Kyriaki , Argyriou Konstantinos , Kapsoritakis Andreas , Manolakis Anastasios
Published: February 2025

We recently read with interest the article by Chi et al published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology . In this article, the authors reported a novel technique for re-establishing luminal continuity in a completely occluded colorectal anastomosis involving two endoscopes, one for radial electrical incision and the other serving as a guide light. However, this technique can be applied only in selected cases. Given the absence of a standardized guideline-based algorithm for the management of complete anastomotic obstruction, by reviewing the available literature, we provide a brief overview of relevant endoscopic techniques while underlining their importance in the management of this postoperative complication to provide clinicians with the necessary knowledge to improve their daily practice.
Colorectal cancer early screening: Dilemmas and solutions
Authors: Wu Di , Song Qi-Ying , Dai Bai-Shu , Li Jie , Wang Xin-Xin , Liu Jia-Yu , Xie Tian-Yu
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, posing a significant public health concern. Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC, thereby enhancing patient prognosis. Obviously, non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients. In this letter, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices, while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC. In response to these issues, we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public, which focus on augmenting financial investment, establishing standardized screening protocols, advancing technological capabilities, and bolstering public awareness campaigns. The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.
Водный режим защитных лесных полос в сухой степи Алтайского края
Authors:   Federal Scientific Centre for Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Manaenkov Aleksandr S. , Podgaetskaya Polina M. ,   West Siberian Agroforestry Ameliorative Station – Branch of the Federal Scientific Centre for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2025

The south of Western Siberia is a large grain-growing region, where safe farming is impossible without protecting fields with forest belts. But as the aridity of the territory increases, their durability decreases, which hinders the afforestation of arable lands. The aim of this study has been to establish the patterns of the stands of forest shelterbelts and to substantiate their models that are most stable in dry-steppe areas. A system of middle-aged forest shelterbelts of Pinus sylvestris, Ulmus laevis and Betula pendula 7–10 m high and Ribes aureum 1.5–2.0 m high on automorphic chestnut soil has been studied. It has been established that snow deposition in the forest shelterbelts is determined by many factors: the amount of solid precipitation, wind and air temperature conditions, as well as wind permeability of the stand. By layering, they neutralize or enhance the overall effect on the snowstorm flow. The average snow depth and snow reserve in the stand nutrition zone mainly depend on the amount of solid precipitation, and in shrubless belts they also increase with density, stand height and row-spacing. In forest shelterbelts with edge rows of shrubs, the snow reserve decreases with an increase in the number and height of rows of trees, the width of the rowspacings and the distance between the row of shrubs and the row of trees. Shrubby curtains and dense 1-row forest belts, as well as 2–3-row stands in the presence of a row of shrubs on the windward side, accumulate snow more efficiently and work “for themselves”. According to the effectiveness of solid precipitation retention, they are followed by 2–3-row shrubless forest shelterbelts with row-spacing of 2.0–3.5 m and a stand density of 0.6–2.0 thousand trees/ha. Among the 2-row forest belts, more wide-row and dense plantations accumulate snow better. Increasing the number (above 3) and density of tree rows reduces their filling with solid precipitation. In forest shelterbetls, moderately dense (up to 1,000–1,100 trees/ha) biogroups of trees accumulate snow more effectively. Shrubby intermittent curtains form snow mounds and can be used as a good means of accumulating snow on inter-belt fields. More stable spring and summer soil moisture reserves are formed over the years in shrubless 2–3-row shelterbelts with moderately wide row-spacings, while moderately dense stands of pine and birch use moisture more economically.
Лесопромышленный комплекс и процесс техногенеза
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Dyagileva Alla B. , Smirnova Anastasiya I. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Lenivtsev Pavel I.
Published: February 2025

An analysis of the environmental protection activities of timber industry enterprises based on data from open sources and on the experience of expert assessment of the negative impact of a number of industrial facilities processing wood biomass has made it possible to describe the mechanisms of influence of an integrated type of economic activity on the modern technologies. The groups of technogenesis characteristic of natural landscape and geochemical processes in the zone of influence of timber industry enterprises have been identified, those being biogenesis, hydrogenesis, humatogenesis, chelation and anthropogenocenosis. During the industrial exploitation of forests, the core of the forest biogeocenosis and the specific complex of plants of the lower tier, which determines biogenic migration, change. The features of the manifestation of hydrogenesis associated with a change in the action of water and its penetration into the lithosphere have been considered. The manifestations of humatogenesis and chelation have been analyzed from the perspective of changes in the carbon content in forest litter. It has been established that the sources of anthropogenocenosis are objects of technical infrastructure and economic activity that are associated with the turnover and processing of wood raw materials, which contributes to a change in the nature of migration, accumulation of chemicals in various environments and the formation of biogeochemical barriers in their path. There is a special type of “economic urbanization” at the present stage of social development, in which the timber industry participates as a processor of plant raw materials and a supplier of finished products with waste generation in urban agglomerations with their possible subsequent processing. Several possible mechanisms of technogenesis at various stages of the development of economic activity in the forestry sector have been identified. The significant role of the degradation mechanism has been emphasized. The modern nature management orientation and development of modifying mechanisms of technogenesis, such as supportive, creative and managing (the most promising for the implementation of a circular economy) and their combination in the process of exploitation of the territory open up new opportunities. Forecasts have been provided on the prospects of the transition from the traditionally perceived technogenesis (mainly degradation) to nootechnogenesis. This transition is based on the implementation of the principles of a managed natural-technical system, taking into account the dynamics of restoration and regulation of reproduction of forest resources under environmental restrictions, which is the key to a sustainable timber industry.
Особенности строения и структуры коренного разновозрастного ельника в национальном парке «Водлозерский»
Authors:   Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ananyev Vladimir A. , Genikova Nadezhda V. , Pekkoev Aleksey N. , Obabko Roman P.
Published: February 2025

The structure of the indigenous spruce stand in the Vodlozersky National Park has been studied. It has been shown that with the long-term natural development of spruce forests in the blueberry type forest growth conditions, absolutely uneven-aged, medium-density, stable stands are formed. The distribution of trees by age classes in the studied community is characterized by the greatest representation of spruce trees 60–80 and 220–240 years old. The analysis of the wood samples has revealed that 18 % of the trees (30 % of the stock) have been affected by wood-destroying fungi. At the same time, the number of affected trees increases with age. Natural regeneration of spruce is 92 % (8.92 thousand pcs/ha) represented by viable specimens and is characterized by a relatively uniform spatial distribution. The density and condition of the undergrowth in the community contribute to maintaining the multi-age structure of the stand. The spruce tree height, its crown base height, the crown diameter and projection area, as well as its length increase with the age of the tree, with the exception of the relative length of the crown, the average values of this indicator remain almost the same for trees of all age groups. Based on the results of the analysis of spatial relationships in the stand, it has been revealed that all trees in general and spruce of different age groups, except for trees up to 80 years old, are distributed randomly. For trees up to 80 years old group placement is typical. An assessment of the competition indices for each spruce from trees within a 10 m radius has shown that with an increase in the impact force from nearby trees, the height and diameter of the stem, as well as the projection area of the crown of the “central” tree, decrease. The impact of neighbouring trees can be traced at a distance of up to 8 m for spruce trees older than 200 years and up to 12 m for spruce trees up to 80 years old.
Естественное лесовосстановление на вырубках в северо-таежном равнинном районе Западной Сибири
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Bashegurov Konstantin A. , Gavrilenko Andrey N. , Rozinkina Ekaterina P. , Popov Artem S. , Zalesov Sergey V. , Predeina Irina V. ,   Department of Subsoil Use and Natural Resources of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
Published: February 2025

The indicators of undergrowth accumulation in the felling sites of the West Siberian north taiga lowland forest area have been analyzed. The undergrowth has been recorded on the plots measuring 2×2 m in the amount of 30 plots on each studied felling site. It is noted that reforestation in the study area is proceeding quite successfully. In the conditions of green moss-berry and wild rosemary-lingonberry forest types, the undergrowth includes Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), silver (Betula pendula Roth.) and downy (B. рubescens Ehrh.) birch, Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Rupr.), aspen (Populus tremula L.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) with the dominance of Scots pine and silver birch. The high proportion of birch is explained by the annual seed production of the species and the transfer of seeds by wind over long distances, as well as its ability to vegetatively renew. The regeneration of coniferous species is inhibited by the periodicity of seed years, the suspension of seeds in the forest litter and moss thalli. These problems can be solved by soil mineralization. It is better to combine mineralization with the clearing of felling sites from felling residues. The latter are bulldozed onto a skidding trail from 2 sides. As a result of mixing the felling residues with the forest litter and soil, wood destruction processes are activated and the fire hazard at the felling site is minimized, and ideal conditions for the accumulation of undergrowth are created. The main area between the skidding trails (65–70 %) remains without mineralization, since in this part of the felling site, the maximum amount of pre-generation undergrowth is preserved during logging operations. In the conditions of the northern taiga subzone of the Khanty-Mansy Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, where the average wood increment is 0.6 m3/ha, the raw material value of the stands gives way to the ecological value. Considering the important ecological role of silver and downy birch, it is advisable to establish them as the main tree species. This will speed up the transfer of felling sites to forested lands and reduce an unreasonably high proportion of the forest culture fund area.
Лесоводственная оценка комплексных рубок в лесах Вологодской области
Authors:   Northern Research Institute of Forestry, Korchagov Sergey A. , Surina Elena A. , Konyushatov Oleg A. , Minin Nikolay S. , Gogoleva Ludmila G.
Published: February 2025

The forest fund of the Vologda Region is widely represented by secondary and derivative deciduous-coniferous forests. The search for effective methods of managing them in order to increase the stock and accelerate the cultivation of valuable coniferous wood is an urgent task. The timely and scientifically based implementation of complex logging can be considered as an option for its solution. Complex logging is carried out in uneven-aged and complex stands and should combine harvesting of mature wood and forest maintenance. The main goals of such logging are the transformation of deciduous-coniferous plantations into coniferous-deciduous, improving the growth and condition of the coniferous layer and increasing the productivity of stands. Complex logging is not considered in the current Russian legislation, which is due to the lack of sufficient scientific justification and regulatory support for their implementation. By means of the generalization of production experience, the results of the research carried out by the authors and data from long-term observations carried out by employees of the Northern Research Institute of Forestry at stationary experimental facilities with complex logging, proposals have been formulated for the design and purpose of such logging, and organizational and technical parameters have been established for their effective implementation in secondary and derivative forests of the Vologda Region. It is noted that by timely and proper cutting of deciduous species and care for coniferous undergrowth, it is possible to transform deciduous-coniferous plantations into coniferous ones, improve the growth and condition of the coniferous layer, and increase the productivity of the stand. In addition, complex logging should contribute to improving the environmental role of forests, increasing the ecological and special properties of forest ecosystems, as well as preserving biological diversity. The planning and assignment of complex logging should be carried out taking into account forest-forming factors, technological and technical capabilities, as well as economic indicators. A correct, scientifically based approach to complex logging will improve their forestry and economic efficiency.
Pengaruh Green Accounting dan Kinerja Lingkungan terhadap Sustainable Development Goals pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Barang Konsumsi Tahun 2021-2023
Authors: Rahmatika  , Nadia Putri , Yupita Lasmi
Published: February 2025

Global challenges in dealing with hunger, poverty, social inequality, environmental pollution, climate change, and several other important issues encourage the creation of the concept of sustainable development goals. This quantitative method research was conducted to determine the impact of green accounting implementation and environmental performance on sustainable development goals. The criteria selection process resulted in 33 samples from manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector that published complete annual reports and sustainability reports in 2021-2023. The company also received a PROPER certificate for three consecutive years as a form of commitment to preserving the environment. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis and a series of tests, namely the classical assumption test, the coefficient of determination test, and the hypothesis test. The t-test results reveal that green accounting is unable to influence sustainable development goals. Some companies are still not transparent in conveying information about environmental costs in annual reports and sustainability reports. Furthermore, the t-test results state that environmental performance is able to influence sustainable development goals. This is evidenced by the acquisition of a consistent company environmental performance rating every year.
PREVIC: An adaptive parent report measure of expressive vocabulary in children between 3 and 8 years of age
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Prein Julia , Engicht Jonas , Haun Daniel , Gagarina Natalia , Koch Tobias
Published: February 2025

Parent report measures have proven to be a valuable research tool for studying early language development. Caregivers are given a list of words and are asked which of them their child has already used. However, most available measures are not suited for children beyond infancy, come with substantial licensing costs or lack a clear psychometric foundation. Here, we present the PREVIC (Parent Report of Expressive Vocabulary in Children), an open-access, high-quality vocabulary checklist for German-speaking children between 3 and 8 years of age. The PREVIC was constructed leveraging the advantages of item response theory: we designed a large initial item pool of 379 words and collected data from 1190 caregivers of children between 3 and 8 years of age. Based on these data, we computed a range of fit indices for each item (word) and used an automated item selection algorithm to compile a final pool that contains items that (a) vary in difficulty and (b) fit the Rasch (one-parameter logistic) model. The resulting task is highly reliable and shows convergent validity. The IRT-based construction allowed us to design an adaptive version of the task that substantially reduces the task duration while retaining measurement precision. The task – including the adaptive version – was implemented as a website and is freely accessible online (https://ccp-odc.eva.mpg.de/previc-demo/). The PREVIC fills an important gap in the toolkit of researchers interested in language development and provides an ideal starting point for developing converging measures in other languages.
TÉCNICAS DE VENTILAÇÃO/RESPIRAÇÃO DURANTE O TRABALHO DE PARTO
Authors: Rosa I. , Bartolomeu N. , Sambú R. , Galhanas A. , Frias A.
Published: February 2025

O momento do parto acarreta alterações físicas e psicológicas que, muitas vezes, se encontram associadas a sentimentos como a ansiedade e o medo, relacionados à dor e ao processo do trabalho de parto, sendo que a dor é influenciada por diversos fatores, incluindo a subjetividade da parturiente. A preparação para o parto assume um papel fundamental, centrando-se na promoção da autoconfiança, autoestima e autocontrolo, do qual o Enfermeiro desempenha um papel crucial. Os cuidados prestados devem-se focar no respeito à individualidade, na promoção de uma gravidez saudável e nas estratégias de alívio da dor, incluindo o empoderamento, a preparação física, técnicas não farmacológicas e a abordagem das diferentes componentes da dor. A ventilação destaca-se como uma técnica eficaz e sem custos que proporciona relaxamento, desvio da atenção da dor e estimula a fisiologia do trabalho de parto. Por sua vez, a consciencialização do ritmo respiratório permite à mulher adaptar-se à intensidade das contrações, permitindo que a parturiente vivencie plenamente o nascimento do filho, promovendo uma experiência positiva.
PROMOÇÃO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA AMAMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Paulo A. , Amo G. , Galhanas A. , Frias A.
Published: February 2025

Durante o período pós-parto, é essencial oferecer suporte contínuo às mães, seja por meio de consultas de acompanhamento com profissionais de saúde, grupos de apoio à amamentação ou visitas domiciliares. Para evitar o abandono da amamentação, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo realçar a importância de implementar estratégias eficazes de promoção e proteção do aleitamento materno. O Plano de Amamentação é uma dessas estratégias que visa apoiar as mães e suas famílias em todas as fases do processo de amamentação. Este plano envolve não apenas a mãe, mas também o pai, reconhecendo o papel fundamental do apoio familiar para o sucesso da amamentação. O período pós-parto é um período por vezes esquecido pelos profissionais de saúde, e o papel que o EESMO desempenha nesta fase é importante para o estabelecimento e manutenção do aleitamento materno, uma vez que devem assegurar que as mulheres têm acesso à informação, recursos e apoio necessários para uma amamentação bem-sucedida.
TÉCNICAS NÃO FARMACOLÓGICAS NO ALÍVIO DA DOR, TENSÃO E ANSIEDADE: PILATES, HIDROTERAPIA, AROMATERAPIA, MUSICOTERAPIA E MASSAGEM
Authors: Afonso S. , Galhanas A. , Frias A.
Published: February 2025

A gravidez e o parto são momentos de grande stress emocional, físico e psicológico, que origina uma resposta na mulher grávida, comprometendo a sua capacidade de respirar corretamente, relaxar, tomar decisões e autocontrolo. Aliado a estes fatores está o medo e a dor que afetam a mulher no seu processo de empoderamento e experiência de um parto positivo. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de guiar os Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica para a aplicação de técnicas de relaxamento e massagem à mulher grávida. Diversos estudos concluem que a utilização de métodos e técnicas não farmacológicas de alívio da dor, proporcionam à grávida confiança e maior envolvimento no seu processo de gravidez e parto.
O PARTO: COMO SE PREPARA O CORPO DA MULHER
Authors: Neves G. , Vilares S. , Frias A.
Published: February 2025

A gravidez é um momento marcado por inúmeras alterações no corpo da mulher, envolvendo diversas mudanças fisiológicas e hormonais, preparando-o para o momento do parto. O nascimento de um bebé envolve um mundo de expetativas, crenças e anseios. Atualmente, ainda se observa falta de conhecimento significativo da mulher sobre o processo fisiológico da gestação e como o seu corpo se prepara para o momento do parto, tendo esta como base apenas a informação vinda da sua rede familiar e social. Preparar-se para o parto é um processo abrangente que envolve educação em saúde, suporte emocional e uma atitude positiva e flexível. Ao abordar o parto com a mente aberta e informada, a mulher pode enfrentar esse momento transformador com maior confiança e serenidade. É fundamental que o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica promova o conhecimento claro e conciso, o desenvolvimento de capacidades e a reestruturação de fatores dificultadores sobre todo o processo de gravidez, nomeadamente sobre o trabalho de parto em si, para que a mulher seja capaz de procurar assistência dos profissionais de saúde atempadamente, resultando numa experiência positiva de trabalho de parto e no nascimento de um bebé saudável num ambiente seguro. A experiência de parto é um acontecimento transformador que pode influenciar a identidade e o bem-estar de uma mulher. O Enfermeiro Especialista de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, ao reconhecer a importância e a procurar formas de tornar essa experiência positiva, pode contribuir para uma maternidade mais saudável e para uma percepção mais empoderada da mulher sobre si mesma.
Computational Analysis of HCCI Engine using Bioethanol-Diesel Blends as a Fuel
Authors: Jarkoni Mohammad Nor Khasbi , Effendy Sarah Alyssa , Wan Mansor Wan Nurdiyana , Abdul Nasir Norazlina
Published: February 2025

Bioethanol has long been recognized as a viable alternative fuel for diesel engines, offering significant potential to reduce emissions, particularly carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), when utilized in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Despite this promise, the production and optimization of bioethanol-diesel blends present considerable challenges, necessitating further investigation to address growing diesel fuel demands and stricter environmental regulations. This study explores the feasibility and impact of bioethanol-diesel blends on HCCI engine performance, focusing on combustion and emissions characteristics. Using Chemkin-PRO simulation software, blends with varying bioethanol concentrations (E10, E15, E20, and E30) are analyzed and compared against conventional n-heptane (diesel) fuel. The results demonstrate that increasing the bioethanol content in diesel blends leads to notable reductions in emissions. Specifically, NOx emissions were reduced by 52%, 59%, 69%, and 91% for E10, E15, E20, and E30, respectively. Similarly, CO emissions decreased by 19%, 26%, 30%, and 31% with the same blends. These findings highlight the potential of bioethanol-diesel blends to serve as environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional diesel fuel, supporting efforts to mitigate emissions in HCCI engine applications.
Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Polyester Hybrid Composite Filled with Eggshell
Authors: Tuah Nur ‘Ainaa’ , Khashi'Ie Najiyah Safwa , Hamzah Khairum
Published: February 2025

Natural fibers are being used in composites as a means of environmental protection through the use of biodegradable components. By combining natural and synthetic fibers, the use of natural fibers might be expanded significantly, potentially lowering the cost of hybrid composites. Fiber reinforced polymer-based composites have been used in a wide range of industrial applications for a very long time because of their high specific strength and modulus. The use of coir, a natural fiber, as reinforcement in reinforced polymers was decided upon due to the availability of different natural fibers. Natural fibers are equally as strong and light as they are affordable. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the mechanical characteristics of a jute fiber/polyester hybrid composite filled with eggshell. In this study, woven jute fibers and polyester filled with eggshell powder were employed to construct composites utilizing the layering technique. In accordance with ASTM standards, tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption tests are performed to assess the influence of ratio. Five ratios were employed: 80% eggshell powder and 20% polyester (EP80P20), 70% eggshell powder and 30% polyester (EP70P30), 50% eggshell powder and 50% polyester (EP50P50), 40% eggshell powder and 60% polyester (EP40P60), and 20% eggshell powder and 80% polyester (EP20P80). The results show that the composite with EP20P80 has the highest tensile strength, elasticity and flexural strength, followed by EP40P60, EP50P50, EP70P30 and EP80P20. This implies the increment ratio of the eggshell powder leads to the reduction in tensile strength, elasticity and flexural strength. Meanwhile, the statistical data analysis shows that there are a significant difference among the five ratios (p-value < 0.05) for the tensile and flexural tests. However, the impact test shows the opposite result.
Tranquillity CuBOT: Nurturing Emotions Stability of Autism Children
Authors: Mohd Hanifa Rafizah , Mohamad Shamsul , Kipol Siti Nur Adila , Hudaib Mohammad , Abu Kassim Nurfarisah Zulaikha , Abdul Halim Dhiya Aisyah
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) highlights the urgent need for practical tools to manage the unique challenges faced by children with ASD, particularly in regulating emotional stability. Tantrums and emotional outbursts are common among children with ASD, often triggered by sensory overload, communication difficulties, and changes in routine. These episodes can be distressing for the child and their caregivers, necessitating innovative solutions to provide timely and effective calming interventions. The Tranquillity CuBOT project aims to develop an interactive robotic companion designed to help children with ASD manage emotional distress. The robot will feature calming music, a moving hand, and sensory-textured elements, all integrated into a design that walks on a predefined track. In designing and developing the Tranquillity CuBOT, iterative prototyping has been utilized as a methodology alongside many electronic components that make up the creation, such as ultrasonic sensors, NodeMCU ESP8266, I2C 1602 Serial LCD, and others, equipping it with the necessary functions. The study used a qualitative and quantitative approach, gathering data through observations and questionnaires. The data for the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 with descriptive statistics, measuring dimensions like usefulness, and attitude to use. Results indicated high satisfaction across all areas, with Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.833) confirming the instrument's reliability. Findings suggest that Tranquillity CuBOT can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of tantrums, promoting better emotional regulation and overall well-being. This research underscores the potential of innovative, technology-driven solutions in enhancing the quality of life for children with ASD and their caregivers, paving the way for future advancements in this field.
On a Simple Unifying Method for Higher Order Polynomial Decomposition
Authors: Nugroho Gunawan , Budiman Roes Arief
Published: February 2025

The simple and unified method of higher order polynomial decomposition is proposed in this paper. The method increases the n-order polynomial into n+1-order and then divides the equation by second order polynomial with arbitrary coefficients. Some examples are given in order to demonstrate its simplicity and applicability for generating solution of nonlinear ODE. The main result is then concluded as a theorem.
Numerical Analysis of The NSP Epidemic Model for Campus Drinking Dynamics
Authors: Zeb Shah , Mohd Yatim Siti Ainor , Lal Summya , Kamran Ayesha , Ahmad Awais , Rafiq Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Significant public health risks have been posed by the drinking habits of college students for several generations. In order to tackle this issue thoroughly, the analysis of the NSP (Non-Drinkers, Social Drinkers, Problem Drinkers) epidemic model is conducted to understand which factors influence the dynamics of drinking behaviour in campus. The impact of different numerical methods for solving the model is evaluated, and recommendations for approaches to reduce the misuse of alcohol are mathematically examined. The model is solved using three techniques: the Euler, Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK-4), and the Non-standard Finite Difference (NSFD). The results provided by the NSFD scheme are the most important, as it maintains essential properties of the NSP model, such as the positivity of solutions and the stability of equilibrium, which are not preserved when the Euler and RK-4 methods are used. The basic reproductive numbers serve as the main result on which the further extension of the outbreak can be investigated. The effective reproduction numbers R_0^S and R_0^P are derived to determine the stability of equilibrium points. Moreover, the NSFD method is shown to preserve positivity for all time step sizes, making it suitable for epidemic modelling. Finally, numerical simulations are considered to investigate the effectiveness of the NSFD method. These results imply that the NSFD scheme is more appropriate for characterizing the dynamics of campus drinking and could provide valuable information for the prevention of alcohol related issues among students.
Performance Evaluation Criteria for High Dimensional Classification Problems
Authors: Ahad Nor Aishah , Okwonu Friday Zinzendoff , Pang Yik Siong , Norhisham Shuhairy , Abu Bakar Muhammad Fadhlullah
Published: February 2025

In high dimensional small sample (HDSS) classification problems, the issue of relevant and irrelevant data, the curse of singularity, and dimensionality persist. The presence of irrelevant variables has generated different problems in the classification domain such as computational time, misclassification rate, and performance evaluation criteria. The covariance-dependent classification methods such as the Fisher linear classification method (FLCM) are redundant as such, the independent classification rule (ICR) was coined to solve these problems. Yet, the training and validation of the ICR learned model depends on the relevant and irrelevant data in the variables. To overcome these problems, we applied the principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction on the FLCM (PCA- FLCM), the ICR method (PCA-ICR), F-weighted PCA called W-PCA, and the proposed benchmark extraction method (BEM) to tackle the above mentioned HDSS classification problems. For this study, we investigated the number and percentage of relevant variables selected, computational time, and the probability of correct classification (PCC). To evaluate the performance of these methods, we applied the performance evaluation criteria (PEC) to analyse the probability of correct classification for HDSS classification problems based on the axioms of the probability concept. The results revealed that the W-PCA procedure is very sensitive to select the most vital few variables (Minimum number of vital variables) followed by the BEM procedure. The W-PCA variants have the best computational time while the BEM has the overall best PCC for the data set investigated. The findings demonstrated that the BEM approach outperformed other methods in terms of probability of correct classification while the W-PCA has the best optimal variable search and selection capabilities than the other methods.
Prediction and Traffic Light Control Performance using Fuzzy Logic at Intersections of Road
Authors: Idris Amidora , Rosman Muhammad Syakirin Ihsanuddin , Abdy Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion in the number of vehicles in Malaysia has resulted in a high traffic density on the country's roadways, which has become a significant challenge for Malaysia's road traffic planners. In its current configuration, the traffic light system in Malaysia makes use of a fixed timer system, which is comprised of timing signal controllers and adaptive signal controllers. It is calculated based on the statistics of the peak hour and the time is kept consistent even during the non-peak hours. Number of how many cars are on the road or how wide the road is, this one standard green time that had been used at each intersection throughout the day. This strategy was result in a significant amount of time spent waiting at junctions since the green traffic light will be on for an extended period of time even though there are just a few vehicles on the road. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study traffic signal control problems with the fuzzy logic control method according to number of vehicles as to investigate the traffic signal control performance at intersections and analyze queue length and congestion at intersections and throughout the road network by improving intersection quality. The classification of the number of cars, road width, and amount of time it takes for vehicles to move at crossings that was recommended in an earlier work had been accomplished by using fuzzy logic rules. A numerical example from a case study had been used to highlight the ability and feasibility of the method. The amount of time spent waiting at intersections on each road was determined with the help of fuzzy logic and a traffic controller formula. The new schedule has times that are proportional to the number of cars and the width of the road. Comparisons were made, and the results demonstrate that the timing of the green light that was achieved is suitable for the two elements that were taken into consideration. Additionally, the amount of time spent waiting for vehicles during each traffic cycle was cut down.
Boosting Preschool Students Reading Skills: The Validity of the I-SaBoBa Module
Authors: Narayanasamy Arulmozhi , Mohamad Jaafar Anis Norma , Kurniati Euis
Published: February 2025

This research evaluates the content and face validity of the I- Module, which was developed specifically for preschool students in Tamil National-Type Schools (SJKT). Utilising the ADDIE Model for its design, the module underwent assessment by nine experts in the fields of early childhood education, the Malay language, and digital education. A survey method was employed to gather data on various dimensions of the module, including content appropriateness, effectiveness, and feasibility within the preschool educational context. The findings reveal a high level of content validity (98.22%) and face validity (98.16%), indicating the module’s potential as a supportive and engaging tool for teaching and facilitation (TnF) at the preschool level. The I-SaBoBa Module integrates learning, play, and reading (LPR) to enhance proficiency in reading skills, thereby rendering the learning process more engaging and stimulating cognitive and social development. The incorporation of play activities within this module enables early learnerso learn in a dynamic environment, thus promoting their cognitive and social growth. Overall, the high content suitability of the I-SaBoBa Module ensures its relevance as a guide for enhancing the mastery of reading skills among SJKT preschool students. This research advocates for the implementation of this module in the teaching and facilitation (TnF) of SJKT preschools and other preschools as an innovative strategy for fostering reading skills among preschool students.
TVET Education for Community Education 5.0 in Malaysia
Authors: Baharuddin Suhana , Zulhasni  , Iqbal Muhammad Saqib , Ibrahim Nooriza
Published: February 2025

Introduction Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has evolved into a vital component of Malaysia's ambition to become a high-income, knowledge-driven economy. This study explores the evolution of TVET, MoHE-driven policies, and industry alignment within the Community Education 5.0 and Industry 4.0 frameworks. The findings highlight the critical role that MoHE institutions, such as Community Colleges and Polytechnics, play in advancing TVET's alignment with the broader goals of Industry 5.0. Using a mixed-method approach, this study combines qualitative case studies of initiatives such as the Penang Skills Development Centre (PSDC) and the National Dual Training System (NDTS), with quantitative enrolment and employment data analysis. The results reveal that although PSDC and NDTS exemplify successful industry partnerships and positive employment outcomes, persistent challenges include curriculum misalignment with industry needs, digital infrastructure disparities, and societal stigma towards vocational pathways. The recommendations emphasise the need for curriculum modernisation to include emerging technologies, expanding public-private collaborations, and strategic rebranding of televisionET to improve public perceptions, ensuring its alignment with broader development goals.
Effectiveness of the I-DECOBEST Module in Teaching Electrical Concepts in Primary Schools: Pilot Evidence from Penang
Authors: Jusoh Mohd Yahya Fadzli , Ishak Nor Asniza , Sukardi Rendi Restiana , Artika Wiwit
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of educational practices necessitates innovative approaches to enhance science learning, particularly in abstract topics like electricity. This study evaluates the I-DECOBEST module, an interdisciplinary tool integrating design thinking, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), and sustainable energy practices aimed at improving student engagement, emotional resilience, and practical understanding of sustainability within the Malaysian Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR). Involving 80 Year 5 students from a primary school in Penang, the study used a structured questionnaire to assess the module's clarity, engagement, and effectiveness. Descriptive statistics and reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha = 0.887) confirmed high internal consistency and generally positive student perceptions. However, response variability highlights areas for improvement, particularly in practical applications and real-world integration. The findings demonstrate the module's potential to enhance scientific literacy and sustainability awareness while addressing gaps in traditional teaching methods. By aligning with global educational goals, the I-DECOBEST module offers a transformative framework for improving science education. Further research is recommended to validate its broader applicability.