bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using NaOH/Urea Pretreatment
Authors: Pakutsah Kraiwit , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: May 2020

In this work, we described an effective approach to prepare nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with cellulose II structure under mild condition. Firstly, the water hyacinth (WH) was subjected to a series of a two-step chemical treatment, NaOH/urea pretreatment, and mechanical defibrillation at different defibrillation times. After that, raw water hyacinth fiber (RWF), bleached water hyacinth fiber (BWF), NaOH/urea pretreated water hyacinth fiber (PWF), and the resulting NFC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as well as rheological measurements. It was found that RWF and BWF exhibited cellulose I crystal structure, whereas PWF and the obtained NFC possessed cellulose II crystal structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the evidence that no other chemical reactions preferentially occurred during both NaOH/urea pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. As evidenced by rheological properties analysis, the NFC aqueous suspension with a gel-like structure demonstrated a shear-thinning behavior. The obtained NFC could potentially be utilized as a reinforcement for polymeric composites.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of MWCNTs Doped Epoxy Nanocomposites in Tensile, Fracture and Impact Tests
Authors: Esmaeili Ali , Sbarufatti Claudio , Hamouda A. M. S.
Published: May 2020

The current paper was aimed to investigate the effect of addition of MWCNTs on mechanical properties of epoxy. Tensile, fracture and impact tests were carried out for mechanical characterization while the weight concentration of the MWCNTs was 0.5 wt.%. Results showed that addition of MWCNTs resulted in decreasing tensile strength of the nanocomposites, whereas an improvement appeared for fracture and impact tests. In fact, fracture toughness and impact strength of the MWCNTs/epoxy increased by 65 and 117 percentage, respectively, compared with the pristine epoxy.
Structure and Properties of Sputtered Ti-O-N Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Huang Jheng Long , Wong Ming Show
Published: May 2020

Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (Ti-O-N) thin films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering a titanium dioxide ceramic target in Ar/N2 plasma. By changing different flow rates of the nitrogen, various nitrogen concentrations and phases are formed in the films. With more nitrogen incorporated into the films, the absorption edge of the films exhibit a redshift which improve the visible light absorbance of the films. When the nitrogen flow rate was 20 sccm, a Ti-O-N nanocomposite film was formed containing 16.9 at% of nitrogen and phases of anatase TiO2, Ti3O5 and TiN, and the film possessed an absorbance in the visible light 3-4 times higher than that of pristine TiO2 thin film, but its photocatalytical performance was not enhanced accordingly. Only when a 50 nm thick layer of anatase was added to the Ti-O-N films forming a hetero-junction, the photocatalytic activity was then enhanced significantly. The photocatalytical properties of the films were affected not only by the film absorbance but also by the microstructure and the architecture of the films.
Fabrication of Poly(Butylene Succinate) Composite Films with Silver Doped ZSM-5: Effect of Silver ZSM-5 on Antibacterial Activity and Biodegradable Behavior
Authors: Wattanawong Nissapa , Chatchaipaiboon Kanchana , Sreekirin Natchanan , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: May 2020

This work was focused on the effects of filler concentration on the antibacterial activity and biodegradable behavior of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composite films containing silver exchanged zeolite ZSM-5 (SZSM-5). The composite films were prepared by chill roll cast film extrusion, by varying the silver zeolite content from 0.5 to 4 %wt. The silver content in zeolite was examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphology and crystal structure of silver zeolite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, respectively. The incorporation of silver did not influence the zeolite morphology and its crystal structure. The antibacterial action of composite films was investigated against gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The results revealed that the PBS composite films containing SZSM-5 showed 99.9% of bacterial reduction. The optimal SZSM-5 content in PBS composite films was 0.5%wt because it was the lowest concentration that showed high efficiency of antibacterial behavior. In case of biodegradable ability, PBS composite films incorporated with 0.5%wt of SZSM-5 exhibited the degradation after three-month of soil burial test, although they exhibited slower rate than neat PBS films. The SEM micrographs of the films after soil burial test displayed the cavity on film surface, indicating the biodegradable properties of the films. PBS composite films incorporated with 0.5%wt of SZSM-5 showed the potential to be used as the food packaging.
Modeling of Polymeric Liquid Material Properties Effect on Pressure Transients in the Elastic Pipe
Authors: Levitsky Semyon , Bergman Rudolf
Published: May 2020

Material properties of polymeric liquids are of great importance for different technological processes. Particularly, such liquids demonstrate viscoelastic behavior in non-stationary transportation regimes, widely used in polymer processing, which influence the operation of the equipment. The paper is devoted to the modeling of pressure transient in a long thin-walled elastic tube with polymeric liquid. As distinct to previous results of the authors, material properties of the liquid are described by generalized Maxwell rheological equation accounting for a spectrum of relaxation times. It is supposed that the pressure pulse is generated at the tube end and propagates along the waveguide with the speed influenced by the tube geometry and wall elasticity, and the liquid compressibility and viscoelasticity. The problem is formulated in a quasi-one-dimensional approximation and solved by the operational method. The resulting relation for the pressure in the wave is inverted numerically. Effect of liquid relaxation time distribution on the pressure pulse propagation is studied. The results are relevant for the dynamic operation of equipment for polymer processing; they can be useful also for material characterization of high-molecular liquids.
Experimental Investigation the Effect of Cleaning on the Optical and Mechanical Properties of PV Module Glasses
Authors: Zubir Nardia , Hasanuzzaman Md. , Rahim Nasrudin Abd
Published: May 2020

Poor transmission of sunlight through the top glass cover is one of the major hindrances in realizing better performance from a PV module. Adoption of appropriate cleaning technique might enhance glass transmissivity to a good extent. In the present study, the effect of manual cleaning with nylon sponge, microfiber cloth and nylon brush on optical and mechanical properties of PV glass have been investigated for several samples of borosilicate and soda lime glasses. Examination of transmittance of the samples using UV-VIS NIR scanning spectrophotometer confirmed enhanced transmissivity. Borosilicate glass exhibited better performance in terms of transmissivity as compared to soda lime glass. Cleaning with nylon sponge shows the highest transmittance of 91.98% for borosilicate glass at 630 nm wavelength and that of 91.094% with soda lime at 525 nm wavelength.
Rapid Dissolution of Secondary Phase in Cold-Rolling Al-Cu-Mg Alloy by Electropulsing Treatment
Authors: Shi Wei Ning , Zhou Hai Fei , Zhang Xin Fang
Published: May 2020

The Al-Cu-Mg alloy is a precipitation-strengthening alloy, which is traditionally dissolving lots of secondary phase and precipitating in subsequent aging process, thus having been applied to aerospace and automobile industry due to its low density and high strength. However, the high temperature and long operating time needed for the dissolution of secondary phase consume numerous energy. In this work, rapid dissolution of secondary phase in cold-rolling Al-Cu-Mg alloy was achieved by coupling treatment of thermal field and pulsed electric current. The energy consumption for dissolving secondary phasewas reduced from 495°C operating 1h to 450°C operating several minutes. Therefore, the coupling treatment of thermal field and pulsed electric current significantly improves the dissolving rate and decreases the energy consumption.
Structural and Optical Properties of Commercial Microparticle Zinc Oxide
Authors: Nordin Razif Muhammed , Latiff Nadia , Yusof Rizana , Wan Ismail Wan Izhan Nawawi , Zakaria Muhammad Salihin , Ishak Zainal Arifin Mohd
Published: May 2020

Commercial grade ZnO were sieved into particle size of 38 to 90 μm at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the hexagonal wurzite structure of ZnO microparticles. Irregular shapes of ZnO microparticles were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the presence of Zn-O band. In addition, Uv-visible spectra (UV-Vis) were empolyed to estimate the band gap energy of ZnO microparticles.
The Detection of Cu2+ Ions Using Paper-Based Silver Nanoparticles as a Colorimetry Indicator
Authors: Handayani Windri , Pratiwi Nur Intan , Listyarini Arie , Yasman Yasman , Imawan Cuk
Published: May 2020

The detection of chemical pollution in an ecosystem requires rapid and accurate analysis in the field. The method presented here can help minimize preparation time and simple detection of the metal ions. Silver nanoparticles are known for their surface plasmon resonance characteristics that visibly display distinctive colors; this makes it possible to develop as colorimetric indicators. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized on paper using velvet apple (Diospyros discolor Willd.) leaf extract as the Ag+ reducing agent. The paper was immersed in the water extract for 1 hour and for 24 hours. The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the change in the paper’s color from white to light brown and dark brown. Furthermore, the paper was tested using several types of metal ions, namely, Cu2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+ and Co2+. For all types of metal ions, the paper’s color changed selectively while detecting Cu2+ ions. The paper-based silver nanoparticles were sensitive enough to detect Cu2+ ions starting at concentrations of 100 mg/L. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed that the silver nanoparticles tended to aggregate after the addition of Cu2+ ions, which caused changes in the size and LSPR of the nanoparticles. This potential method needs further refinement and development to enhance the sensitivity of the paper-based colorimetric indicator, so that it can detect Cu2+ at lower concentrations.
Active Starch/PVA Composite Films Containing Syzygium oleana for Ammonia Vapor Colorimetric Indicators
Authors: Listyarini Arie , Handayani Windri , Fauzia Vivi , Imawan Cuk
Published: May 2020

Ammonia is one of the compounds released during the food spoilage process, so a device that can detect ammonia can be used as an indicator of food spoilage. This article reports on the preparation and characteristics of Starch/PVA composite films with Syzygium oleana as indicator films to detect ammonia vapor. The indicator was made by first preparing the starch / PVA composite films by casting method and then the films were dipped in Syzygium oleana extract. These films were characterized by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer and tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, and the water vapor transmission rate (WVT). The results showed that the addition of PVA reduced the absorbance value in the UV and visible area, the value of the water vapor transmission rate and the tensile strength but the elongation value of the film on the other hand rose. The indicator films can detect ammonia which was marked by its color change from red to blue. For further application, it can be used as a smart packaging label that can detect food freshness.
Modification and Scale-Up Process of Citrogypsum to α-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate over Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Sirimahasal Thanakit , Kalhong Yutthana , Simasatitkul Lida , Pranee Siriporn , Seeyangnok Samitthichai
Published: May 2020

It describes the development of a marketable citrogypsum which is also a by-product of citric acid production from laboratory scale to pilot scale. The modification of b-phase citrogypsum was carried out in different sodium chloride solution at 95oC for 7 hours under atmospheric pressure to α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CaSO4∙0.5H2O, α-HH). This can be achieved in the laboratory scale experiment. The phase analysis of a citrogypsum was confirmed by XRD technique demonstrated that mostly made up of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4∙2H2O, DH). The dehydration and phase transformation of citrogypsum to α-HH were conducted by DSC thermograms which were presented two endothermic peaks in the range 150-180oC of citrogypsum and an exothermic peak at 290 to 300oC, resulting that the product being α-HH when the 4M and 5M sodium chloride solutions were used. The outcome products were presented in a plate-like shape of citrogypsum but a hexagonal shape of α-HH. The experiment scaled up for modification of DH up to 100% in a batch reactor at the same condition with the 4M sodium chloride solution. The results showed that α-HH was obtained within 15 to 60 min after that calcium sulfate anhydrous (CaSO4, AH) had been formed. The non-isothermal of DSC was an adapted method to investigate kinetics study of DH to α-HH transformation under the optimum condition with a model fitting dα/dt = -3k (α2) for predicting the process compared to the experiment values. In addition, the coefficient of determination (R2) from estimation and experiment value was 0.9940. Hence, the model equation was completely represent data.
Research on Additive Manufacturing Technology in the Field of Mold Repair
Authors: Lin Jia Yi , Cui Wei Hua , Han Bin , Wang Hui , Liu Xi Hao
Published: May 2020

With the rapid development of modern industry, mold as a basic hardware facility has become one of the important factors affecting the development of modern industry. The surface quality and working reliability of the mold have a direct impact on the quality of the part. Faced with a large number of failed molds in industrial production, fast and reliable mold repair technology can realize mold reuse under the premise of ensuring mold performance. It effectively shortens the construction period, saves costs and reduces mold waste. The article outlines the characteristics of wire and arc additive manufacturing technology, selective electron beam melting technology and laser cladding technology in additive manufacturing technology. The application characteristics of three additive manufacturing technologies in mold repair are analyzed. The application prospect of laser cladding technology in mold repair is pointed out. In view of the improved work reliability, the direction of laser cladding technology in the field of mold repair can be prospected.
Self-Healing Microbial Concrete - A Review
Authors: Farhadi Sasan , Ziadloo Shervin
Published: May 2020

The cracks naturally exist in concrete and make it weak to the deleterious environment, ending with structure degradation. According to this fact, concrete requires to be improved and remediated. Self-healing methods are considered as a helpful way to mitigate the propagation and development of the cracks in the concrete. Bio-mineralization methods can heal the concrete by using bacteria suchlike Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pasteurii, which can seal the cracks by CaCO3 precipitation. The literature represents the MICP method of using bacteria in concrete, which can improve the concrete durability by increasing the compressive strength. Furthermore, the different kinds of bacteria used in the concrete structure and the methods of employing as a self-healing agent review. Moreover, it illustrates B. Pasteurii and B. Sphaericus has more efficient results between other bacteria due to increasing the compressive strength and lifespan of the concrete.
Porous Bioceramic Made from Cow Bone Powder Mixed Calcium Phosphate Glass: Clinical Trial
Authors: Punyanitya Sittiporn , Koonawoot Rungsarit , Chankachang Phanlob , Thiensem Sakdiphon , Raksujarit Anirut , Sontichai Watchara
Published: May 2020

Our objective is invention of new medical products in Thailand by Thai scientists, for human bone substitute, from cow bone. In the previous research experiments, the cow bone-calcium phosphate glass composites had adequate scientific properties to be used as medical objects including, 95% of principal molecules were inorganic hydroxyapatite, no contaminating dangerous heavy metal over standard limits (cadmium,arsenic,mercury,lead), high vertical compressive strength (more than 400 kg/cm2), and no adverse reactions inside the laboratory animals. In this research, we made cranialfixator buttons from bovine bone-calcium phosphate glass composites, intended for neurosurgical skull closure, tested in 10 patients and follow up for at least 6 months. The results revealed that our inventions have easily performance, really effectiveness,and entirely non-complications.
Clinical Trial of a Novel Starch-Based Adhesive Bandages for Medical Dressing
Authors: Punyanitya Sittiporn , Khantawa Banyong , Thiansem Sakdiphon , Koonawoot Rungsarit , Chankachang Phanlob , Suchaitanawanit Somchart
Published: May 2020

A typical adhesive bandage comprises of four main parts; the backing is often made of plastic; the adhesive sheet is usually plastic; the adhesive is commonly acrylate; the absorbent pad is often made of cotton. This adhesive bandages are made from starch based adhesive and natural paper, which have no plastic components. A starch-based adhesive bandages are tested on 100 volunteers and the result shows good performances with high confident of safety and efficacy. The raw materials and preparation methods are low cost, easily reproducible and eco-friendly, according to the international standards of medical devices regulation.
Activation of CB1R Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells and Reduces Acute Inflammation and Organ Injury
Authors: Joffre Jérémie , Yeh Che-Chung , Wong Erika , Thete Mayuri , Xu Fengyun , Zlatanova Ivana , Lloyd Elliot , Kobzik Lester , Legrand Matthieu , Hellman Judith
Published: May 2020

Cannabis sativa and its principal components, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol, are increasingly being used to treat a variety of medical problems, including inflammatory conditions. Although studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system has immunomodulatory properties, there remains a paucity of information on the effects of cannabinoids on immunity and on outcomes of infection and injury. We investigated the effects and mechanism(s) of action of cannabinoid receptor agonists, including Δ9-THC, on inflammation and organ injury in endotoxemic mice. Administration of Δ9-THC caused a dramatic early upregulation of plasma IL-10 levels, reduced plasma IL-6 and CCL-2 levels, led to better clinical status, and attenuated organ injury in endotoxemic mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-THC in endotoxemic mice were reversed by a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) inverse agonist (SR141716), and by clodronate-induced myeloid-cell depletion, but not by genetic invalidation or blockade of other putative Δ9-THC receptors, including cannabinoid receptor type 2, TRPV1, GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. Although Δ9-THC administration reduced the activation of several spleen immune cell subsets, the anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-THC were preserved in splenectomized endotoxemic mice. Finally, using IL-10–GFP reporter mice, we showed that blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells mediate the Δ9-THC–induced early rise in circulating IL-10. These results indicate that Δ9-THC potently induces IL-10, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and related organ injury in endotoxemic mice via the activation of CB1R. These data have implications for acute and chronic conditions that are driven by dysregulated inflammation, such as sepsis, and raise the possibility that CB1R-signaling may constitute a novel target for inflammatory disorders.
The Parasites Caught In-Action
Authors: Afifi Mohammed A.
Published: May 2020

For many decades, scientists were unable to expose the invisible existence of the parasites in their living hosts, except by scarification and then dissection of the animal model. This process just demonstrates a dead parasite in a dead host. Using this approach, very limited information can be obtained concerning the dynamics of infection and the pathways utilized by the parasite to survive within a hostile host's environment. Introduction of ultra-high-speed imaging techniques, with a time domain of barely few microseconds or even less, has revolutionized the “in vivo dissection” of the parasites. Such methods provide platforms for imaging host–parasite interactions at diverse scales, down to the molecular level. These have complementary advantages and relative assets in investigating host–parasite interactions. Therefore, better elucidation of such interaction may require the usage of more than one approach. Precise in vivo quantification, of the parasite load within the host, and better insight into the kinetics of infection are the two main advantages of the novel imaging procedures. However, imaging parasite–host interplay is still a challenging approach due to many constraints related to the parasite biology, the tissue environment within which the parasites exist, and the logistic technical limitations. This review was planned to assist better understanding of how much the new imaging techniques impacted the recent advances in parasite biology, especially the immunobiology of protozoan parasites.
A new look at the cell phone in the classroom
Authors: De Souza Maria das Graças , González Daniel González
Published: May 2020

With the passing of the years, behavioural changes took place in society, caused by the great place in society, caused by the great technological advances reflected in the educational field. Impact felt by educators of the Municipal School Major João Novaes in Floresta – Pernambuco- Brazil. As a result of this work directed to the students of the 3rd and 4th phase of the problematic of the youth and adult classes. With the problematic of the cell phone in the classroom. Represented by the theme: Cellular Partner the Classroom. Having questions like: - Ho to make the student’s cell phone partner in the classroom? – Does the use of the cell phone in the classroom hinder the teaching- learning process, or does it generate opportunities for the construction of new knowledge? The research was developed relating theory/practice, as recommended by Paulo Freire. Instruments used, questionnaire/interview were validated by Brazilian educational doctors. The research was developed in a qualitative way, proceeding in a case study by exploratory segment. Complete with a practical-pedagogical work, making use of interdisciplinary.

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Pengaruh Penerapan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan 109 Terhadap Implementasi Good Governance
Authors: Dariana Dariana , Ruzita Ruzita
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of Financial Accounting Standards Statement 109 and the implementation of Good Governance in the National Zakat Board of Bengkalis Regency and the influence of the application of the Financial Accounting Standard Statement 109 on the implementation of Good Governance in the national zakat board of Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods. These data were obtained from questionnaire data, interviews and documentation that were distributed to all employees of the Bengkalis Regency National Amil Zakat Agency and several Zakat Collection Units in Bengkalis Regency. The analytical method used in this study is to use a simple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the effect of the adoption of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 109 has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of Good Governance by 90.9%.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Struktur Modal Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017
Authors: Hendri Zul , Agusrianti Deni
Published: May 2020

This research aims to determine partially the effect of company size on capital structure, the effect of profitability on capital structure, the effect of company growth on capital structure, the effect of asset structure on capital structure, and the simultaneous influence of company size, profitability, company growth and asset structure on structure capital. This research uses quantitative methods with multiple regression analysis. The tool for analyzing research data is using SMART PLS. The results of the study stated that company size (X1) had no effect on capital structure (Y), profitability (X2) had no effect on capital structure (Y), company growth (X3) had no effect on capital structure (Y), and asset structure (X4 ) affect the capital structure (Y).
Analisa Dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Zakat Penghasilan Pegawai Negeri Sipil
Authors: Nurfazilla Eva , Ulan Ulan , Pahana Nurul , Nurhazana Desi , Hendarsyah Decky
Published: May 2020

This research aims to analyze and design a zakat accounting information system at the Bengkalis District National Amil Zakat Board which is not well systemized. At the same time to design the management of income zakat for Civil Servants of Bengkalis Regency in accordance with the Bengkalis Regency Regional Government's plans regarding Regional Regulations on Zakat. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. In carrying out system design activities database design techniques, system design and user interface design are used. With this system design is able to answer the needs of the general public, especially for Civil Servants in Bengkalis Regency and provide transparency in the management of zakat, infaq and alms funds through financial reports that can be accessed by the public.
Perspektif Hukum Islam Terhadap Biaya Penalty Deposito Mudharabah
Authors: Maruta Heru , Imron Imron
Published: May 2020

This research aims to determine the practice of penalties for taking time Mudharabah deposits before maturity in the perspective of Islamic law at Bank Syariah Mandiri Bengkalis Sub-Branch Office. This research is based on primary and secondary data. Based on the results of the study note that there are customers of Bank Syariah Mandiri Bengkalis Sub-Branch Office who take deposits Mudharabah before maturity, then the customer will be subject to a penalty against funds deposited. By looking at the practice of penalties carried out by Bank Syariah Mandiri Bengkalis Sub-Branch Office is not appropriate and deviates from the theories that apply in Islamic economics. This is because the penalty agreement is not written clearly in the agreement document.
Analisis Perilaku Konsumen Dan Keamanan Kartu Kredit Perbankan
Authors: Hendarsyah Decky
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses consumer behavior and banking credit card security. Credit cards are present as one of the non-cash payment methods that simplify business and financial matters so that many consumers use them. After review and discussion, it was found that consumer behavior in using credit cards is more dominated by personal factors. With the drive for needs and lifestyle, many consumers are interested in using a credit card. The bank as a credit card issuer also provides sophisticated and multi-layered security features. Even so, it still has a gap for the presence of fraud crime in various ways and forms. In order for credit cards to be safe from crime and fraud, consumer behavior must be changed by maintaining confidentiality, caution and vigilance in conducting transactions.
Analisis SWOT Sebagai Strategi Meningkatkan Daya Saing
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri , Nurjannah Dwi
Published: May 2020

This research aims to find out how the SWOT analysis as a strategy to improve competitiveness and obstacles in the Bank of Riau Kepri, Pekanbaru Business Unit. The research method used is quantitative descriptive method. The SWOT analysis used is descriptive analysis methods, SWOT matrix and SWOT diagram analysis. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, questionnaires and literature. The results of this study are the SWOT analysis as a strategy to increase competitiveness needs to be evaluated again so that the formation of good performance from within and from outside the Bank of Riau Kepri, Pekanbaru Sharia Business Unit in advancing these banks throughout Province of Riau and Riau Islands.
La reducción de los riesgos de desastres en escuelas seguras de la provincia de Camagüey.
Authors: Núñez Guerra Alierky , García Almanza Magaly , Martínez Cuba Orlando
Published: May 2020

El Sistema de Defensa Civil en Cuba, como resultado de la voluntad política del Gobierno y el Partido, ha desarrollado desde el triunfo de la Revolución y en virtud de la seguridad del pueblo cubano y los recursos del país, una serie de programas, estrategias y planes de acción para prevenir, mitigar, preparar, alertar, dar respuesta rápida, rehabilitar y reconstruir con carácter inmediato ante situaciones de desastres; las cuales han contribuido de manera significativa a la reducción de esa vulnerabilidad. El Ministerio de Educación constituye uno de los Organismos de la Administración Central del Estado con mayor impacto dentro de dicho sistema, entre otras razones, por su contribución directa en la preparación de docentes y estudiantes con una formación integral, que combina la teoría con la práctica. De lo antes expuesto, se considera necesario en esta investigación diseñar un sistema de indicadores para la evaluación de la calidad de la reducción de los riesgos de desastres en Escuelas Seguras de la provincia de Camagüey.
Las orquídeas y su importancia en el desarrollo turístico de la provincia de Manabí.
Authors: Sánchez Macías Adrián Eduardo
Published: May 2020

El Ecuador cuenta con más de 4 500 especies de orquídeas, siendo esta la familia más diversa de todas las plantas vasculares del país. La provincia de Manabí comprende niveles significativos de riqueza de la familia Orchidaceae, para lo cual resulta importante el desarrollo de actividades de conservación de estas especies, como el senderismo interpretativo, a fin de observar las orquídeas en su entorno natural e incorporar actividades turísticas complementarias para el aprovechamiento de las potencialidades comunitarias locales y promover el desarrollo de las mismas. Durante la investigación se realizó un muestreo selectivo, observaciones participativas y entrevistas a informantes claves, así mismo se efectuó una búsqueda de información complementaria mediante la revisión de publicaciones e informes y consultas en bases de datos botánicas. En total se identificaron 66 especies de orquídeas, siendo de ellas los géneros más representativos Epidendrum (seis especies), Oncidium (cinco especies), Dendrobium (cuatro especies híbridos) Pleurothallis (cuatro especies) y Stelis (tres especies).
Groups Defined by Gender and the Genocide Convention
Authors: Strandberg Hassellind Filip
Published: May 2020

This article explores the crime of genocide in connectivity to groups defined by gender. Its aim is to investigate whether including groups defined by gender as a protected group in the Genocide Convention appears legally plausible. It begins by probing the historical origins of the concept of genocide. This exposition emanates into an analytical examination of the rationale of protecting human groups in international criminal law. Against this background, the article advocates an understanding of the crime of genocide as a rights-implementing institute. Subsequently, it employs an ejusdem generis analysis to assess whether groups defined by gender are coherent with the current canon of the protected groups, and if similar treatment thereby can be warranted. It then turns to examine other international law instruments, to expose that none of these are suitable proxies in dealing with gender-specific genocides. From this perspective, the article suggests that the content of the crime of genocide is not determinate, but rather emerges as a battlefield for hegemonic interests. Hence, it is easily discernible that the way in which the current construction of the protected groups in the Genocide Convention relates to gender groups reflects a deliberate choice. The article concludes with asserting that the choice represents a lacuna in international criminal law that in the end compromises the legitimacy of the crime of genocide, since the personal scope of the crime of genocide risks being in discord with current social and political trajectories.
Validation of XCO2 and XCH4 retrieved from a portable Fourier transform spectrometer with those from in-situ profiles from aircraft borne instruments
Authors: Ohyama Hirofumi , Morino Isamu , Velazco Voltaire A. , Klausner Theresa , Bagtasa Gerry , Kiel Matthäus , Frey Matthias , Hori Akihiro , Uchino Osamu , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Deutscher Nicholas , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Diskin Glenn S. , Pusede Sally E. , Fiehn Alina , Roiger Anke , Lichtenstern Michael , Schlager Hans , Wang Pao K. , Cho Charles C.-K. , Andrés-Hernández Maria Dolores , Burrows John P.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) measured by a solar viewing portable Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS, EM27/SUN) have been characterized and validated by comparison using in-situ profile measurements made during the transfer flights of two aircraft campaigns: Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) and Effect of Megacities on the Transport and Transformation of Pollutants on the Regional and Global Scale (EMeRGe). The aircraft flew over two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites: Rikubetsu, Japan (43.46° N, 143.77° E) for the KORUS-AQ campaign and Burgos, Philippines (18.53° N, 120.65° E) for the EMeRGe campaign. The EM27/SUN was deployed at the corresponding TCCON sites during the overflights. The mole fraction profiles obtained by the aircraft over Rikubetsu differed between the ascending and the descending flights above approximately 8 km for both CO2 and CH4. Because the spatial pattern of tropopause heights based on potential vorticity values from the ERA5 reanalysis show that the tropopause height over the Rikubetsu site was consistent with the descending profile, we used only the descending profile to compare with the EM27/SUN data. Both the XCO2 and XCH4 derived from the descending profiles over Burgos were lower than those from the ascending profiles. Output from the Weather Research and Forecast Model indicate that higher CO2 for the ascending profile originated in central Luzon, an industrialized and densely populated region about 400 km south of the Burgos TCCON site. Air masses observed with the EM27/SUN overlap better with those from the descending aircraft profiles than those from the ascending aircraft profiles with respect to their properties such as origin and atmospheric residence times. Consequently, the descending aircraft profiles were used for the comparison with the EM27/SUN data. The EM27/SUN XCO2 and XCH4 data were derived by using the GGG2014 software in which air mass independent correction factors utilized for the TCCON data (0.9898 for XCO2 and 0.9765 for XCH4) were not applied. The comparison of the EM27/SUN observations with the aircraft data revealed that on average, the EM27/SUN XCO2 data were biased low by 1.22 % and the EM27/SUN XCH4 data were biased low by 1.67 %. The resulting air mass independent correction factors of 0.9878 for XCO2 and 0.9833 for XCH4 were obtained for the portable FTS.
Younger Dryas ice-margin retreat in Greenland, new evidence from Southwest Greenland
Authors: Funder Svend , Sørensen Anita H. L. , Larsen Nicolaj K. , Bjørk Anders , Briner Jason P. , Olsen Jesper , Schomacker Anders , Kjær Kurt H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Cosmogenic 10Be dates from bedrock knobs on six outlying tiny islands along a stretch of 300 km of the Southwest Greenland coast, indicate that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) margin here was retreating on the inner shelf close to the coast during the Younger Dryas (YD) cold period. A survey of recently published 10Be and 14C-dated records show that this unexpected behaviour of the ice-margin has been seen also in other parts of Greenland, but with very large variations in extent and speed of retreat even between neighbouring areas. In contrast to this, landforms appearing in high resolution bathymetry surveys on the shelf, have recently been suggested to indicate YD readvance or long-lasting ice-margin still stand on mid shelf, far from the coast. However, these features have been dated primarily by correlation with cold periods in the ice core temperature records, and therefore cannot inform about the ice-margin/climate relation. Ice-margin retreat during a YD cooling has been explained by advection of warm subsurface water melting the ice-margin, and by increased seasonality of the climate with the temperature drop mainly in winter, with high impact on sea ice extent and duration, but little effect on glacier mass balance. This study therefore adds to the complexity of the climate/ice-margin relation, where local factors may for some time overrule or mute overall temperature change. It also points to the urgent need for climate-independent dating of the rich treasure trove of information coming from the shelf in these years.
Storm-induced sediment supply to coastal dunes on sand flats
Authors: Galiforni-Silva Filipe , Wijnberg Kathelijne M. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Growth of coastal dunes requires a marine supply of sediment. Processes that control the sediment transfer between the subtidal and the supratidal zone are not fully understood, especially in sand flats close to inlets. It is hypothesised that storm surge events induce sediment deposition on sand flats, providing fresh material for aeolian transport and dune growth. The objective of this study is to identify which processes cause deposition on the sand flat during storm surge conditions and discuss the relationship between the supratidal deposition and sediment supply to the dunes. We use the island of Texel (NL) as a case study, of which multiannual topographic and hydrographic datasets are available. Additionally, we use the numerical model XBeach to simulate the most frequent storm surge events for the area. Results show that supratidal shore-parallel deposition of sand occurs in both the numerical model and the topographic data. The amount of sand deposited is directly proportional to surge level and can account for more than a quarter of the volume deposited at the dunes yearly. Furthermore, storm surges are also capable of remobilising the top layer of sediment of the sand flat, making fresh sediment available for aeolian transport. Therefore, in a sand flat setting, storm surges have the potential of reworking significant amounts of sand for aeolian transport in periods after the storm and as such can also play a constructive role in coastal dune development.
Effects of horizontal resolution and air-sea coupling on simulated
moisture sources for regional East Asian precipitation
Authors: Guo Liang , van der Ent Ruud J. , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Vidale Pier Luigi , Turner Andrew G. , Stephan Claudia C. , Chevuturi Amulya
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Precipitation over East Asia (EA) simulated in six experiments using the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) is compared with observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis. These simulations are performed at resolutions of 200–40 km and with both atmosphere-only and air-sea coupled configurations. EA precipitation in MetUM is systematically overestimated, especially over southeastern EA and the Tibetan Plateau. Moisture sources for simulated and observed regional EA precipitation are traced using the Water Accounting Model-2layers (WAM-2layers) – a moisture tracking model that traces moisture sources using a combination of evaporation, atmospheric moisture and circulation. Biases in moisture sources are linked to biases in precipitation. For southeastern EA, positive precipitation biases are linked to errors in mid-latitude sources rather than tropical ocean sources. Increasing resolution reduces precipitation biases over the Tibetan Plateau. From the perspective of moisture source, this reduction comes from reduced remote moisture source that is blocked by the better representations of topography at higher resolution. Including coupling does not necessarily improve EA precipitation, however, coupling alters moisture sources. Because the effect of coupling on moisture source varies on location and sign, the collective impact on EA precipitation may not be noticeable. By using WAM-2layers, these changes in moisture sources can be attributed to changes in SST, circulation and associated evaporation. WAM-2layers can be a useful tool to identify model biases that cause biases in regional precipitation.
Influence of initial soil moisture in a Regional Climate Model study over West Africa. Part 2: Impact on the climate extremes
Authors: Koné Brahima , Diedhiou Arona , Diawara Adama , Anquetin Sandrine , Touré N'datchoh Evelyne , Bamba Adama , Kobea Arsene Toka
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The influence of the anomalies in initial soil moisture on the climate extreme over West Africa is investigated using the fourth generation of Regional Climate Model coupled to the version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (RegCM4-CLM4.5). We applied the initial soil moisture on June 1st for two summers June–July–August–September (JJAS) 2003 and JJAS 2004 (Resp. wet and dry year in the region of interest) with 25 km of spatial resolution. We initialized the control runs with the reanalysis soil moisture of the European Centre Meteorological Weather Forecast's reanalysis of the 20th century (ERA20C), while for the dry and wet experiments, we initialized the soil moisture respectively at the wilting points and field capacity. The impact on extreme precipitation indices of the initial soil moisture, especially over the central Sahel, is homogeneous, i.e. dry (wet) experiments tend to decrease (increase) precipitation extreme indices only for precipitation indices related to the number of precipitation events, not for those related to the intensity of precipitation events. Overall, the impact on temperature extremes of the anomalies in initial soil moisture is more significant compared to precipitation extremes. Initial soil moisture anomalies unequally affect daily minimum and maximum temperature. A stronger impact is found on maximum temperature than minimum temperature. Over the entire West African domain, wet (dry) experiments cause a decrease (increase) in maximum temperature. The strongest impacts on minimum temperature indices are found mainly in wet experiments, on the Sahara where we found the higher values of the maximum and minimum daily minimum temperature indices (resp. TNx and TNn). The performance of RegCM4-CLM4.5 in simulating the ten (10) extreme rainfall and temperature indices used in this study is also highlighted.
Transverse jointing in foreland fold-and-thrust belts: a remote sensing analysis in the eastern Pyrenees
Authors: Tavani Stefano , Granado Pablo , Corradetti Amerigo , Seers Thomas , Muñoz Josep Anton
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Joint systems in the eastern portion of the Ebro Basin of the eastern Pyrenees enjoy near continuous exposure from the frontal portion of the belt up to the external portion of its associated foredeep. Utilizing orthophoto mosaics of these world class exposures, we have manually digitized over 30 000 joints within a 16 × 50 km study area. The mapped traces exhibit orientations that are dominantly perpendicular to the trend of the belt (transverse) and, subordinately, orthogonal to it (longitudinal). In particular, joints systematically orient perpendicular to the trend of the belt both in the frontal folds and in the inner and central portion of the foredeep basin. Longitudinal joints occur rarely, with a disordered spatial distribution, exhibiting null difference in abundance between the belt and the foredeep. Joint orientations in the external portion of the foredeep become less clustered, with adjacent areas dominated by either transverse or oblique joints. Our data indicates that joints in the studied area formed in the foredeep in response to a foredeep-parallel stretching, which becomes progressively less intense within the external portion of the foredeep. There, the minimum stress direction becomes more variable, evidencing poor contribution of the forebulge-perpendicular stretching on stress organization.