bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
She Embodied: A Materialized Collective
Authors: Nordstrom Susan Naomi , Amos Asia , Barnes Keishana , Bilbeisi Tharwa , Boudreaux JoAnna , El-Oqlah Emily , Ghazal Aswad Noor , Gott Dorothy’e , Hamilton Rachel , Hernandez Tracy , Koehn Clarie , Shivers Aailyah , Snowden Tiffinie , Tabrizi Hannah
Published: January 2021

This collaboratively written piece materializes the collective experiences of 14 students and an instructor in a graduate-level feminist research methods class in the United States. Instead of writing a traditional seminar paper, the class decided to continue our weekly discussions, during which we wrestled with both theory and practice, in text in a final paper. It just seemed like the best way to end our time together. In so doing, the she embodied collective furthers feminist writing practices that embrace uneasy collectives of varying viewpoints. This particular collective acknowledges our she, but recognizes, listens to, and celebrates all the powerful pronouns that create a collective. The collective offers a brief introduction and lengthy appendix to situate the piece. We do not adhere to a singular feminism in the piece. Consequently, our collective is a way of doing unity differently, of attending to and residing with the frictional thought within feminisms and finding that frictional thought as generative. We invite readers to join our collective, to think together across differences without reducing those differences to similarities.
Improving insect conservation across heterogeneous landscapes using species–habitat networks
Authors: Cappellari Andree , Marini Lorenzo
Published: January 2021

Background

One of the biggest challenges in conservation is to manage multiple habitats for the effective conservation of multiple species, especially when the focal species are mobile and use multiple resources across heterogeneous protected areas. The application of ecological network tools and the analysis of the resulting species–habitat networks can help to describe such complex spatial associations and improve the conservation of species at the landscape scale.

Methods

To exemplify the application of species–habitat networks, we present a case study on butterflies inhabiting multiple grassland types across a heterogeneous protected area in North-East Italy. We sampled adult butterflies in 44 sites, each belonging to one of the five major habitat types in the protected area, that is, disturbed grasslands, continuous grasslands, evolved grasslands, hay meadows and wet meadows. First, we applied traditional diversity analyses to explore butterfly species richness and evenness. Second, we built and analyzed both the unipartite network, linking habitat patches via shared species, and the bipartite network, linking species to individual habitat patches.

Aims

(i) To describe the emerging properties (connectance, modularity, nestedness, and robustness) of the species–habitat network at the scale of the whole protected area, and (ii) to identify the key habitats patches for butterfly conservation across the protected area, that is, those supporting the highest number of species and those with unique species assemblages (e.g., hosting specialist species).

Results

The species–habitat network appeared to have a weak modular structure, meaning that the main habitat types tended to host different species assemblages. However, the habitats also shared a large proportion of species that were able to visit multiple habitats and use resources across the whole study area. Even butterfly species typically considered as habitat specialists were actually observed across multiple habitat patches, suggesting that protecting them only within their focal habitat might be ineffective. Our species–habitat network approach helped identifying both central habitat patches that were able to support the highest number of species, and habitat patches that supported rare specialist species.
Grazer density and songbird counts in a restored conservation area
Authors: Lovász Lilla , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi , Amrhein Valentin
Published: January 2021

Grazing by large herbivores is increasingly used as a management tool in European nature reserves. The aim is usually to support an open but heterogeneous habitat and its corresponding plant and animal communities. Previous studies showed that birds may profit from grazing but that the effect varies among bird species. Such studies often compared bird counts among grazed areas with different stocking rates of herbivores. Here, we investigated how space use of Konik horses and Highland cattle is related to bird counts in a recently restored conservation area with a year-round natural grazing management. We equipped five horses and five cattle with GPS collars and correlated the density of their GPS positions on the grazed area with the density of bird observations from winter through the breeding season. We found that in the songbirds of our study site, both the overall density of bird individuals and the number of species increased with increasing density of GPS positions of grazers. Correlations of bird density with horse density were similar to correlations with cattle density. Of the eight most common songbird species observed in our study area, the Eurasian Skylark and the Common Starling had the clearest positive correlations with grazer density, while the Blackbird showed a negative correlation. Skylarks and Starlings in our study area thus seem to profit from year-round natural grazing by a mixed group of horses and cattle.
System Design of MPPT Incremental Conductance on Zeta Converter Connected Solar Panel
Authors: Sesoca Jendra , Siswojo Bambang , Siwindarto Ponco
Published: January 2021

MPPT Incremental Conductance algorithm has a function to obtain maximum power points on a solar panel. This MPPT Incremental Conductance works based on the P-V curve of the solar panel. In order to obtain better power results, the MPPT Incremental Conductance system will be connected to the zeta converter. The zeta converter is a DC-DC converter that is a development of the SEPIC converter. This converter can also produce good efficiency. In this research will compare the power generated with 2 different methods, solar panels connected with zeta converter without using MPPT Incremental Conductance and solar panels connected zeta converter using MPPT Incremental Conductance. The result of the research obtained is that solar panels connected to zeta converter using MPPT Incremental Conductance can produce better power than not using MPPT Incremental Conductance.
The biodiversity of fishes at the Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, as determined by baited remote underwater video
Authors: Tholan Brittany , Carlson Peter , Tortolero-Langarica JJ Adolfo , Ketchum James T , Trejo-Ramírez Abel , Aceves-Bueno Erendira , Caselle Jennifer E
Published: January 2021

The Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve, made up of 4 islands in Pacific waters off central Mexico, supports a large diversity of marine life. However, scientific research was restricted for decades by the occupation of Isla María Madre by the Federal Penitentiary Colony of Mexico from 1905 to 2019. Aside from a list of coastal fish species published in 2011, little has been published about the fish biodiversity in the area. While the limited access to the archipelago may have acted as a de-facto marine reserve, there is evidence that fishing continued both legally for the benefit of the colony and illegally by trespassing vessels. In order to establish baseline ecological data for future conservation planning, we used baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys at all 4 islands during 3 expeditions to the archipelago in 2018. A total of 131 BRUV surveys representing ~150 h of footage were analyzed to create the most current compilation of species and abundance data on coastal marine fishes at Islas Marías. Ninety-nine species were identified, 3 of which were additions to the previous assessment. We found strong separation of fish communities based on both habitat and depth, and an association between hard-bottom habitats and high biodiversity of reef fishes. With the declaration of Islas Marías as a natural reserve and relocation of the prison in 2019, there is an opportunity for the reserve to become a priority area for marine conservation on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Spatial analyses of fish biodiversity at Isla María Cleofas can help develop sustainable management strategies at a time when the governmental jurisdiction of the iconic archipelago is uncertain.
Early development in Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1850) (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), an Eastern Pacific gastropod with planktonic larvae
Authors: Vendetti Jann E
Published: January 2021

Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1850) is an intertidal to subtidal marine buccinid gastropod with a range from California, USA, to Baja California, Mexico. Many characteristics of its mating behavior, general life history, and larval biology are known, but details about its larval morphology and behavior are lacking. Here, aspects of its larval development and morphology during early ontogeny are chronicled, including larval velar form and function, asymmetrical development, particle ingestion, larval yolk reserves, and larval shell morphology. Snail oviposition behavior was observed in aquaria and egg capsules were dissected at different stages of development and examined under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Egg capsules had undeveloped eggs and/or embryos that were not ingested by K. kelletii larvae. Hatching time (natural excapsulation) varied between 37 to 55 d depending on water conditions, and endogenous yolk reserves were present in most veligers at capsule emergence. Pre-hatching veligers could swim in the plankton if excapsulated at 27 d and had symmetrical velar lobes but different sized cephalic tentacles. At 2.5 weeks in the plankton, both cephalic tentacles and velar lobes were asymmetrical, with those on the larvae’s right larger than those on their left. Larval shells were brittle and poorly mineralized at excapsulation but fully mineralized with an apertural beak and proto-siphonal canal by 2.5 weeks in the plankton. Particle capture and transport through the velar lobes to the mouth was possible in pre-hatching veligers, but ingestion only occurred in emerged veligers when yolk stores were depleted. Chronicling early ontogeny and its sequence, as in this study, is essential to the understanding of larval development and its evolution in gastropods, and to comparative studies of larval biology in the Buccinidae.
Ensamblajes de peces en la zona mesofótica del Pacífico: una comparación entre islas continentales y oceánicas de México
Authors: Velasco-Lozano Manuel F , Ramírez-Ortiz Georgina , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor , Hollarsmith Jordan A
Published: January 2021

Los arrecifes mesofóticos se encuentran en una capa del océano definida por la cantidad de luz incidente (1%–10% con respecto a la superficie). Estos ecosistemas permanecen inexplorados en algunas regiones, como el Pacífico a lo largo de la costa mexicana, debido al difícil acceso mediante métodos tradicionales como el buceo autónomo. Se utilizó un vehículo operado remotamente para caracterizar los ensamblajes de peces de arrecifes rocosos y zonas arenosas en profundidades mesofóticas alrededor de islas continentales del golfo de California e islas oceánicas del archipiélago de Revillagigedo (México). Se realizaron 78 video-transectos y se identificaron los peces observados al mínimo taxón posible. Con base en la presencia de especies por video-transecto, se calcularon índices de diversidad tradicionales (riqueza de especies, diferenciación taxonómica y nivel trófico) e índices funcionales (número de entidades funcionales, riqueza funcional y volumen funcional) para cada conjunto insular y tipo de hábitat. Los modelos aplicados señalaron que el tipo de hábitat es el factor con mayor efecto en la diversidad de peces mesofóticos. Los índices funcionales presentaron mayores valores para los arrecifes rocosos de islas oceánicas que para los hábitats arenosos, lo que se asocia con la presencia de elasmobranquios y especies transpacíficas de importancia comercial. Aunque los valores de diferenciación taxonómica y diversidad funcional podrían indicar que los arrecifes mesofóticos del conjunto oceánico se encuentran en mejor estado de conservación que los del conjunto continental, se requiere mayor exploración para determinar si esta condición perdura en el tiempo y si estos ecosistemas pueden ser un refugio para especies comerciales ante el creciente impacto de disturbios en arrecifes someros.
How does Extension Education Contribute to Agricultural Development? Insights from Extension Education of Green River Project in Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Nnadi, Onyinyechi , Amechi Onwubuya, Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Due to the need to explain how extension education adds to Agricultural development in Nigeria, extension service of Green River Project was evaluated. In recognition of the roles of Agricultural development in reducing poverty and promoting food security, agricultural programs with their extension services component have been implemented in Nigeria. The study examined the teaching methods and impact of the extension service of Green River Project on fish farmers in the study area. Data collection involved use of interview schedule and questionnaire to elicit information from 140 respondents. Program evaluation models reviewed include logic model, Kirkpatrick learning evaluation model and Boon programming model. A framework for planning and evaluating extension education program was generated. Results indicated that extension education of GRP had significant impact on some conditions of the farmers such as their quantity of fish produce (t= 6.279; p≤ 0.05), income (t=7.390) and family feeding standard (X2=26.5; p≤ 0.05). It was recommended that there should be collaboration of GRP with other agencies that provide similar services to fish farmers in Niger Delta areas like other agricultural projects of some oil companies in the area and proper measures should be put in place to provide internet services for GRP personnel.
Consumer Preference towards Milk Products in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Aswini N. , Ashok K. R. , Hemalatha S. , Balasubramaniyam P.
Published: January 2021

Dairy industry is one among the important sector in India. India is the largest milk producer, accounting for more than 18.50 per cent of the world’s total milk production. In India 80 per cent of milk is marketed through the highly fragmented unorganized sector, which includes local milk vendors, wholesalers, retailers, and producers themselves. On the other hand, the organized dairy industry, accounted for about 20 per cent of total milk production, comprised of two sectors: government and co-operatives. Even though co-operatives provide a remunerative price to the producer, the unorganized sector plays a major role in milk marketing. The present study identifies the major factors influencing the consumers to prefer milk products and also to analyse the awareness level of the consumers in Tamil Nadu. Totally 120 sample respondents were selected. Garrett’s rank analysis was done to analyze the factors influencing the consumers buying behaviour of milk and its products. The results showed that quality, price and taste were the most influencing factors to buy the milk products and the least influencing factors were flavour/colour and packaging of the products. Ghee was the major product preferred by the consumers .Quantity of milk showed significant relationship between age, monthly income and family size.
Effects of Surface Sterilization Protocol and Haustorium Removal on Germination and Growth of Hybrid PB121 Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.) Zygotic Embryos Cultured in vitro
Authors: Agbidinoukoun Arnaud , Somakpe Euloge Rimson , Houedjissin Serge Sètondji , Engelmann Florent , Ahanhanzo Corneille
Published: January 2021

Aims: This study aims to identify the best surface sterilization and evaluate the effect of haustorium suppression on in vitro germination of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) zygotic embryos.

Study Design: Survival rate and contamination rate of zygotic embryos after different surface sterilization treatments, regeneration rate and organogenesis through the number of leaves and the length of shoots after haustorium suppression were determined. For data processing, the Analysis of Variance was used to compare the means which were separated according to Tukey test            (P = 0.05).

Place and Duration of Study: Coconut fruits (hybrid PB121) were collected 12 to 14 months after controlled pollination from CRAPP (Centre de Recherches Agricoles Plantes Pérennes), station of Sèmè-kpodji in Benin. Experiments were done in Central Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, University of Abomey-Calavi and conducted from june to december in 2019.

Methodology: For the zygotic embryos surface sterilization, four treatments combining three concentrations (3%, 6% and 15%) of commercial bleach (Javel la Croix© containing 12° active chlorine) and immersion durations (5 min, 10 min and 20 min) were tested and the survival rate were determined for each treatment after two months culture. The zygotic embryos were then divided in two sets (haustorium excised embryos set and the whole embryos set) and cultured in modified Y3 medium supplemented with 7 g L-1 agar, 2.5 g L-1 activated charcoal, 5% sucrose,  6.10-3 mM 2.4 D (2.4-dichlorophonoxyacetic acid), gibberellic acid and 0.3 mM BAP(6-benzylaminopurine). After five months culture, the regeneration rate, the number of leaves and the length of shouts were recorded.

Results: The high survival rate (80%) was obtained with 6% of bleach and 20 min for the immersion duration without pre-disinfection. The suppression of haustorium have significantly increased the number of leaves (4.3 ± 0.02) and the length of shoots (16.2 ±0.7cm) compared to the whole zygotic embryos.

Conclusion: This protocol can help to ensure better surface sterilization of zygotic embryos before their in vitro culture and the development of vigorous plantlets in order to improve the slow growth of plantlets, when transferred to the greenhouse or field.
Thermoelectric Study of La2Ti2-xNbxO7 (0≤x≤0.25) Ceramic Materials
Authors: Iyasara A. C. , Idu F. U. , Nwabineli E. O. , Azubuike T. C. , Arinze C. V.
Published: January 2021

La2Ti2-xNbxO7 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) powders were synthesised via solid state reaction method, followed by sintering at 1673 K in a reducing atmosphere of 5% H2/N2 gas. The crystal structure, microstructure and thermoelectric (TE) properties of the pure and Nb-doped La2Ti2O7 ceramics were investigated. All compositions were single phase with porous microstructures consistent with their low experimental densities. Thermoelectric results of Nb-doped compositions showed improved properties in comparison to pure La2Ti2O7, suggesting that cation doping has the potential to improve the thermoelectric properties. Generally, the TE results obtained are not suitable for thermoelectric applications. However, the high Seebeck coefficient (≥190 μV/K) and glass-like thermal conductivity ( ≤2.26 w / m.k )  values achieved have opened a new window for exploring the thermoelectric potentials of La2Ti2O7 and other related oxides.
Safety Problem of Gaseous Extinguishing System in Underground Subway Station
Authors: Hwang Hyun-Bea , Min Se-Hong
Published: January 2021

The gaseous fire extinguishing agents CO2, Halon 1301, and HCFC-BLEND A and a clean fire extinguishing agent are installed and operated in 85.5%, 6.19%, 4.14%, and 4.62% of the city railroad subway stations of Korea, respectively. The fire extinguishing halon gases Halon1301 and HCFC-BLEND A currently used in city railroad subway stations are already regulated globally because of global warming and ozone layer destruction.Moreover, the use of Halon 1301 is prohibited because of the development of alternative clean fire extinguishing gas. However, newly installing and operating CO₂, unlike the use of halon gas, has not been sanctioned. In particular, even though a fire extinguishing CO₂ facility has the serious safety problem of choking accidents occurring as a result of operation in a closed space because of the characteristics of a subway station, the situation has not been improved. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development designates CO₂ as the major substance causing global warming and forcibly allocates the reduction of carbon emissions to member countries through a reduction policy. Therefore, overall annual replacement of CO₂ fire extinguishing facilities installed and operated in subway stations is necessary, and the problems of fire extinguishing operation characteristics and maintenance of fire extinguishing gas facilities should be reviewed. The purpose of this work is to presentthe maintenance status of fire extinguishing gas facilities installed and operated in the city railroad subway stations of Korea. Furthermore, the preparation of measures and laws for preventing fatalities resulting from choking caused by fire extinguishing CO₂ facilities and for improving cooperation with the international environmental response is proposed.
Determination of Proper Water Supply Rate for Emergency Interconnection Plan
Authors: Kim Suri , Gim ARin , Ha Jeongtae , Jun Hwandon
Published: January 2021

The deterioration of water supply networks leads to frequent accidents, such as pipe failure, which result in water service interruptions. Depending on the type of accident, a large-scale water service interruption can occur. Therefore, an emergency interconnection plan has been established to prevent interruptions in water service. However, most emergency interconnection plans only consider whether water can be supplied to the region of water service interruption. The area that can actually supply water, emergency water supply area (EWSA), and the possible time required to supply water, emergency water supply time (EWST) are not usually considered. Furthermore, in cases wherein the adjacent local governments or adjacent water supply blocks have insufficient water for the region of water service interruption, it is a good practice to increase the possible water supply time by the reducing the water supply rate (WSR) in order to minimize the damage from the water service interruption. In this study, a method is suggested to determine the proper WSR required to minimize the damage when the amount of emergency water is insufficient. Since it is a case where the amount of emergency water is not sufficient, A-PDA is used to simulate EWSA and EWSA for each WSR. The simulation results are subsequently converted into the customer satisfaction index for each WSR. Through this procedure, the proper WSR can be determined, thereby improving both customer satisfaction and water supply time. Finally, this method is applied to a real water supply network to verify its applicability.
Evaluation of Concrete Breakout Capacity of Single Anchors at Bridge Bearing Connection under Shear Loading
Authors: Choi Jin-Seok , Chin Won-Jong , Kim Young-Jin , Yoon Young-Soo
Published: January 2021

In this study, the breakout capacity of a single anchor specimen in concrete simulating the bridge bearing connection with the characteristics of reinforcement, anchor socket, bed concrete, and mortar was evaluated for shear. The concrete breakout capacities were compared based on the embedment length of the anchor socket and edge distance, and the difference between the existing design strength and the actual strength was determined, which indicated safety issues. In addition, the shear resistance performance of the effective anchor reinforcement was evaluated through the strain analysis of the reinforcement. Finally, Through the results of this study, a concrete breakout capacity formula that reflects the characteristics of the bridge bearing connection has been proposed.
Monitoring Technique Using a Vision-based Single-Camera System for Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall
Authors: Ha Yongsoo , Kweon Gichul , Kim Yuntae
Published: January 2021

Reinforced soil retaining walls are widely applied, and their frequency of collapse increases along with their use. Safety inspections are regularly conducted to ensure the structural safety of such walls. However, unexpected collapses occur for different reasons, such as design and construction problems, maintenance issues, and natural disasters including intensive rainfall. In this study, a single-camera system is proposed to evaluate the behavior of a retaining wall based on a single-perspective image. Various feature matching methods were compared to determine the optimal method for monitoring the retaining wall structure. The behaviors of the retaining wall structure were analyzed using the optimal method. The results indicate that the KAZE method provides the best results for monitoring the behaviors of a retaining wall, with errors ranging from 0.03% to 7.37%. The proposed single-camera system is widely used to evaluate the stability of a structure with high accuracy.
Development of FE Model Updating for Three-Story Building considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Park Gun , Jung Jongwon , Yoon Hyungchul
Published: January 2021

Owing to the development of construction technology, structures are becoming increasingly taller. Furthermore, with the improvement in construction materials, the service life of the structures is also increasing. The increased service life of large structures has highlighted the importance of structure maintenance and performance evaluation; thus, the need for an accurate model development for performance evaluation is increasing. This study predicts the structural characteristics through finite element (FE) model updating using a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA was applied to determine whether the structural member was damaged. In particular, it is intended to improve the reliability of the FE model updating during a seismic load by considering the soil-structure interaction effect that has been overlooked in the existing model updating study. The results of this study show that the model that considers the soil-structure interaction can estimate the dynamic characteristics of the structure more accurately compared to the model that does not consider the soil-structure interaction. The accuracy of the updated parameters by the proposed method was found to be over 90%.
Urban Flood Vulnerability Assessment Using the Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Lee Seonmi , Choi Youngje , Yi Jaeeung
Published: January 2021

Locally concentrated heavy rainfall has led to an increase in the occurrence of flood damage. This is especially so in the urban areas, which are relatively more vulnerable to flood damage due to the high population and property density. In Seoul, which has 25 administrative districts, heavy rainfall triggered flood-related damage in 2010, 2011, and 2018. However, the flood characteristics of each district were different due to difference in flood impact factors such as topography, weather, and disaster prevention measures. The flood vulnerability of each district should be assessed based on local characteristics to reduce flood damage. This study collected and calculated 15 characteristic data points that can explain the climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of each district using the entropy weight method. Thereafter, the flood vulnerability of each district was calculated based on climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, using the Euclidean method. The results showed that the northern and western areas in Seoul are highly vulnerable due to high climate exposure, sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity. In contrast, the other parts of Seoul had low vulnerability due to high sensitivity, low climate exposure, and high adaptive capacity. These results will contribute to the establishment of a flood damage reduction plan that reflects local characteristics.
Assessment of Future Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Supply Capacity in Geum River Basin Using SWAT and MODSIM-DSS
Authors: Kim Sehoon , Jung Chunggil , Lee Jiwan , Kim Jinuk , Kim Seongjoon
Published: January 2021

This study is to evaluate future agricultural water supply capacity in Geum river basin (9,865 km2) using SWAT and MODSIM-DSS. The MODSIM-DSS was established by dividing the basin into 14 subbasins, and the irrigation facilities of agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations, diversions, culverts and groundwater wells were grouped within each subbasin, and networked between subbasins including municipal and industrial water supplies. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using 11 years (2005-2015) daily streamflow data of two dams (DCD and YDD) and 4 years (August 2012 to December 2015) data of three weirs (SJW, GJW, and BJW) considering water withdrawals and return flows from agricultural, municipal, and industrial water uses. The Nash−Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of two dam and three weirs inflows were 0.55∼0.70 and 0.57∼0.77 respectively. Through MODSIM-DSS run for 34 years from 1982 to 2015, the agricultural water shortage had occurred during the drought years of 1982, 1988, 1994, 2001 and 2015. The agricultural water shortage could be calculated as 197.8 × 106 m3, 181.9 × 106 m3, 211.5 × 106 m3, 189.2 × 106 m3 and 182.0 × 106 m3 respectively. The big shortages of agricultural water were shown in water resources unit map number of 3004 (Yeongdongcheon) and 3012 (Geumgang Gongju) areas exceeding 25.1 × 106 m3 and 47.4 × 106 m3. From the estimation of future agricultural water requirement using RCP 8.5 INM-CM4 scenario, the 3004 and 3012 areas showed significant water shortages of 26.1 × 106 m3 (104.1%) and 50.9 × 106 m3 (107.4%) in 2080s (2070∼2099) compared to the present shortages. The water shortages decreased to 23.6 × 106 m3 (94.0%) and 43.3 × 106 m3 (91.4%) below of the present shortages by developing irrigation facilities.
Introducing a Long-term Course in the Disaster and Safety Field
Authors: Kwon Gi-Hwan , Park Jun-Hyung
Published: January 2021

Currently, in the disaster response process, problems such as limited government responsiveness and the lack of expertise and specialized human resources are emerging. There is an urgent need to introduce an educational course to strengthen systematic specialized education in order to cultivate the necessary job knowledge and on-site responsiveness. Therefore, this paper presents a proposal for introducing a long-term course in the field of disaster safety. The paper analyzes the current state of disaster safety management systems and specialized education and introduces long-term courses in the field of disaster safety through analysis of the government's response to the occurrence of existing large-scale disasters and analysis of questionnaires. The necessity was confirmed in the study, and an improvement plan of the current law and system for establishing the long-term course is proposed. The results showed that there is a need for education to cultivate the expertise of disaster safety management civil servants and the ability to solve problems in the field. Based on the analysis of questionnaires, the basis for promoting the introduction of long-term courses was set up, and it was possible to separately present institutional improvement plans such as securing capacity. The study may contribute to the realization of a safer society through the training of Korean-style emergency managers to develop both disaster safety management ability and the ability to solve problems.
Technofunctional quality assessment of soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Ahsan Samreen , Khaliq Adnan , Chughtai Muhammad Farhan Jahangir , Nadeem Muhammad , Tahir Assam Bin , Din Amir Alaud , Ntsefong Godswill Ntsomboh , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Rebezov Maksim , Yessimbekov Zhanibek , Thiruvengadam Muthu
Published: January 2021

The current research work was carried out to evaluate the effect of three different varieties (NARC‐II, Williams 82, Ajmeri) of soybean along with single and coculture impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on fermented soymilk. The periodically microbial and antioxidative activities of fermented soymilk were analyzed during the storage of 24 days. Moreover, the effect of fermentation on rheological and structural changes was examined along with isoflavone contents in fermented soymilk. Viability of cells and antioxidative activities were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fermented soymilk using mixed cultures. The rheological attributes demonstrated higher viscosity in coculture fermented soymilk. Scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that the growth characteristic of L. casei has a relatively more uniform texture and smaller pore size in comparison to L. acidophilus. Nevertheless, the combination of cultures exhibited precise pore formation with stronger cross‐links of soybean protein throughout the structure. Assessment of isoflavones exhibited higher values, for daidzein (20.87 ppm) in comparison to genistein (6.57 ppm), in Ajmeri‐based coculture soymilk. Conclusively, L. casei and L. acidophilous exhibited considerable antioxidant potential in the development of viscous, less porous, and rich in bioactive metabolites fermented soymilk, when used in combination and among varieties Ajmeri results it was the top of all. This suggests that the process evidence in this study could be recommended for high‐quality soymilk production.
A Fluorinated Metal‐Organic Framework, FMOF‐2, for Preferential Adsorption of Ethane over Ethylene
Authors: Lee Su‐Kyung , Lee Yeo Jin , Cho Kanghee , Lee U‐Hwang , Chang Jong‐San
Published: January 2021

The preferential adsorption of ethane over ethylene would significantly simplify the overall ethane‐ethylene separation scheme for ethylene purification. Ethane‐selective adsorbents are still lacking compared to ethylene‐selective adsorbents. We discovered that a fluorinated Metal‐Organic Framework, FMOF‐2, exhibits preferential adsorption of ethane over ethylene at pressures in the range of 40 kPa with ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity of 3.3. The material was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, argon physisorption at 87 K, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, and X‐ray photoelectron analysis. Exposed fluorine functional groups on a porous material produced via a hydrogen‐bonding type electrostatic attraction are thought to serve as ethane adsorption sites.
Father involvement in infancy predicts behavior and response to chronic stress in middle childhood in a low‐income Latinx sample
Authors: Roby Erin , Piccolo Luciane R. , Gutierrez Juliana , Kesoglides Nicole M. , Raak Caroline D. , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Canfield Caitlin F.
Published: January 2021

Fathers’ involvement in early childhood is important for children's physical, emotional, and cognitive development, particularly in low‐income families. However, little is known about the longitudinal relations between early father involvement and children's later physiological responses to chronic stress and behaviors impacted by stress in the context of poverty. These issues are particularly important among Latinx immigrant families who face significant psychosocial and poverty‐related risk. In the current study, we examined the relationship between father involvement in infancy and physiological chronic stress in the middle childhood period, as measured through hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and several behavioral measures (attention problems, working memory) in a Latinx immigrant sample with low income. Father involvement in infancy predicted children's later HCC, and working memory in second to third grade. Father involvement also moderated the effect of HCC on working memory, such that increased HCC predicted better working memory when fathers were not involved. These findings suggest that the fathers’ involvement in infancy has lasting impacts on health and behavior and that associations between physiological and behavioral measures of stress may be moderated by differences in early father involvement.
Understand funding liquidity and market liquidity in a regime‐switching model
Authors: Chen Louisa , Shen Liya , Zhou Zhiping
Published: January 2021

We investigate the time‐varying relationship of funding liquidity (FL) and market liquidity (ML) in a Markov regime‐switching model. By using a comprehensive U.S. TRACE dataset, we provide strong evidence that FL and corporate bond ML are interlinked, and their impact on each other is highly regime‐dependent. We find that FL and ML exhibit a large‐and‐positive mutual impact when money market is tight and equity market is volatile. But in normal regimes, FL is found to have a negative impact on ML with a much smaller magnitude than those in stressed regimes. Furthermore, FL is more stable than ML with less regime changes. Our article offers insight on the important mechanism by which central banks can improve ML through the funding market.
Differences in susceptibility of HT‐29 and A549 cells to statin‐induced toxicity: An investigation using high content screening
Authors: Wei Guilin , Xue Lijuan , Zhu Yadi , Qian Xingkai , Zou Liwei , Jin Qiang , Wang Dandan , Ge Guangbo
Published: January 2021

Statins are a group of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors that are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, statins have been found to be cytotoxic, and many unexpected side effects have been reported in clinical applications. The susceptibilities of different cell lines toward statins are diverse, and the mechanisms of cytotoxicity remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate differences in the susceptibility to and mechanisms of statin‐induced cytotoxicity in two cell lines, HT‐29 and A549, using a high content screening‐based multiparametric toxicity assay panel. We found that the two cell types exhibited differing susceptibilities to the cytotoxic effects of the different statins. Additionally, the cytotoxicity was inconsistent between different statins in the two cell lines. Four statins with strong cytotoxicity decreased the viability of HT‐29 cells via the mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated mitochondrial mass, calcium release and cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species. In contrast, these four statins only induced a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cells. The above results provide an objective reason for future evaluations of cytotoxic differences in cell types and the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity in different statins, and provide a good scientific basis for further research on countermeasures against statin‐induced cell injuries.
Thin submental artery perforator flap for upper lip reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Habibi Koohyar , Ganry Laurent , Luca‐Pozner Vlad , Atlan Michael , Qassemyar Quentin
Published: January 2021

Reconstruction of upper lip defects can be challenging even for experienced surgeons. In order to restore both function and morphology, the use of quality soft tissue is essential. To this effect, the most common solution is the use of local flaps, or, in extreme situations, a free flap. However, a thin cutaneous upper lip defect may require a different approach. Perforator flaps are versatile and may allow an efficient reconstruction of soft tissue defects using adjacent similar tissues, providing the benefit of “like with like” coverage. We present the case of a 41‐year‐old female with a 1 × 1.5 cm basal cell carcinoma of the right‐side upper lip, initially treated with a full thickness skin graft. Due to poor aesthetic and functional result, a thin submental artery perforator (SMAP) flap reconstruction was performed. Flaps' dimensions were 6 cm long and 4 cm wide and it was based on a perforator arising from the submental artery. Dissection was conducted above the platysma muscle, and the SMAP flap was transferred into the defect through a subcutaneous tunnel created below the mandible and posterior to the anterior belly of digastric muscle. The pedicle length of 6.5 cm was adequate for a tension free inset of the flap. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged after 2 days. The 4‐month follow‐up showed a satisfying functional and aesthetic outcome with a concealed donor site scar. This report points out the coverage potential of the thin SMAP flap, which can be successfully used for a harmonious reconstruction in both color and texture of the upper lip.
Preparation of multifunctional hydrogels with pore channels using agarose sacrificial templates and its applications
Authors: Mao Jie , Yu Qi Jian , Wang Sui
Published: January 2021

Smart hydrogel has been widely studied due to their unique response characteristics. Although many smart hydrogels have been developed, the preparation of high‐performance and multi‐responsive smart hydrogels remains a challenge. The application of developing new materials is also the valuable embodiment of materials, such as temperature sensors, thermal switches and anionic dye adsorption. In this study, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel with pore channels was prepared using agarose as a sacrificial template, and a polyaniline network structure was introduced into hydrogel pore channels to endow the hydrogels with stable conductivity. This point can be confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images of hydrogels. The decomposition temperature of hydrogels characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal response analysis and electrical performance testing found that PNIPAM hydrogel with pore channels exhibited enhanced temperature‐responsive swelling‐shrinkage properties and high conductivity (1.83 S m−1). Based on this unique property, we demonstrated the application of materials in thermal switching (response temperature ~33°C) and can be potentially applied to the temperature sensor and anionic dye adsorption.
Taking vision 20/20 to new heights
Authors: Bardin Billy B. , Kas Kathleen A.
Published: January 2021

Vision 20/20 was developed by the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) in 2013 as a forward‐looking initiative describing the characteristics of organizations with exceptional process safety performance. The CCPS Vision 20/20 incorporated five basic tenets: Committed Culture, Vibrant Management Systems, Disciplined Adherence to Standards, Intentional Competency Development, and Enhanced Applications of Lessons Learned. These tenets represent foundational elements that are essential for excellence in process safety and have been the basis for improved process safety performance in many companies, including Dow. As we end the year 2020, it is time to reflect on Vision 20/20 and the future of process safety over the next decade. Certainly, the five tenets of Vision 20/20 remain critical for sustained process safety performance. However, now is an appropriate time to consider how developing technology can drive new advances in process safety over the next decade. At Dow, the utilization of digital technologies is helping to take Vision 20/20 to new heights by providing tools, insights, and applications that improve process and personal safety as well as drive value delivery. Through the application of analytics, robotics, mobile tools, and overall data connectivity, Dow is driving improvements in inspections, reductions in confined space entries, greater unplanned event prevention, and improved reliability. The application of these emerging and applied digital tools sets the standard for beyond Vision 20/20 performance in operational safety and reliability.
Digitalization of Russian Education: Changing Actors and Spaces of Governance
Authors: Piattoeva Nelli , Gurova Galina
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the operation of digital education in relation to the changing governance of education in Russia. It examines how digitalization changes the character of traditional actors and enables new actors and actor assemblages to enter the scene of education governance and provision. It then looks at how datafication extends spaces of governance in both a topographical and a topological manner. Topographically, some practices of datafication follow established administrative structures enabling tighter vertical control over regions and education institutions by the federal authorities. But datafication also generates spaces that overcome topographical distance through relationality and connectedness. These manifest, first, in intensifying proximities to the global level of education governance bypassing the national authority, and, second, in the possibilities of intimate governance reaching into individual subjectivities.
Digital Art: A Sourcebook of Ideas for Conceptualizing New Practices, Networks and Modes of Self-Expression
Authors: Strukov Vlad
Published: January 2021

The chapter traces the evolution of digital art produced in the Russian Federation and in the Russian language by critically considering a number of case studies and re-conceptualizing historical periods. It takes into account technologies, institutions, individual artists and artistic networks, and modes of presentation, appreciation and re-contextualization. It contributes to the debates about the nature and focus of art in the digital era by assessing historical, economic and creative factors. It showcases how digital art might be understood as a particular medium, platform, network, aesthetic and function, and it also argues that digital art does not fit into those categories. Instead notions of transformation, scope and duration are used to account for new forms of artistic expression.
Affordances of Digital Archives: The Case of the Prozhito Archive of Personal Diaries
Authors: Kalinina Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

With regard to increasing politicization and instrumentalization of history in Russia and the development of digital tools allowing public access to previously non-available historical documents, analysis of digital platforms exhibiting potential for engagement with the past becomes of relevance to Russian and Digital Media Studies. Therefore this chapter focuses on a Russian case study Prozhito, a digital archive of personal diaries created by a community of volunteers. Being an example of public engagement with the past, Prozhito, nevertheless, has a number of constraints that raise ethical, political and techno-methodological questions concerning archival composition and affordances of the platform for participation. Therefore the aim of this chapter is to study Prozhito’s affordances to learn more about the potentials of such platforms for the production of historical knowledge.
Topic Modeling in Russia: Current Approaches and Issues in Methodology
Authors: Bodrunova Svetlana S.
Published: January 2021

Topic modeling as an instrument of probabilistic clustering for text collections has gained particular attention within the computational social science in Russia. This chapter looks at how topic modeling techniques have been developed and employed by the Russian scholars, both for Russian and other languages. We divide the works on topic modeling into methodological, applied, relational, and those dedicated to modeling quality assessment. While the methodological studies are the most developed, the works explaining the substance of the Russian-language discussions cover an important niche in political and social science. However, there is a gap between method-oriented works that treat Russian as “language as such” and the works by computational linguists who focus on Russian but treat topic modeling as a method of secondary importance.