bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counterfactual Thinking, Causation, and Covariation in Mock Juror Assessments of Negligence: Twenty‐Five Years Later
Authors: Cantone Jason A.
Published: December 2018

In the past three decades, researchers have examined counterfactual thinking and causation in decision making. However, little work has applied these findings to trial settings. The present research examined two conflicting theories regarding counterfactual thinking and causation to elaborate on earlier work examining counterfactual thinking in negligence law cases. The research also expanded the earlier work by examining covariation theory, additional psychological measures, and the rank order and reaction time associated with counterfactuals. Participants read a summary of a negligence case that manipulated covariation information to suggest that the defendant or plaintiff caused an accident. Participants then completed counterfactual, preventability, or causal statements about the case before responding to legal and psychological measures. Overall, the research found support for norm theory and covariation, but mixed evidence regarding the role of counterfactual thinking and causation. Counterfactual thinking more strongly affected the duty and breach components of a negligence case, while causal thinking more strongly affected causation and legal decisions. Legal implications were discussed.
Evaluation of the clinical impact of concomitant acid suppression therapy in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine monotherapy
Authors: Rhinehart Hannah E , Phillips Michelle A , Wade Nathaniel , Baran Andrea
Published: December 2018

Background

Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapeutic agent used in colorectal cancer. Two prior studies found a negative impact with the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitor agents during treatment with capecitabine in patients with early colorectal and gastroesophageal cancers.

Objective

To determine if there is a clinical impact of the concomitant use of capecitabine and acid suppression therapy in patients with local and metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of adult patients with colorectal cancer on capecitabine monotherapy between 2011 and 2017. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were compared between patients on acid suppression therapy and those not on acid suppression therapy.

Results

A total of 70 patients were included. Patients on acid suppression therapy at capecitabine initiation (21%) had decreased progression-free survival versus those not on acid suppression therapy (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.06–4.41, p = 0.035), after adjusting for disease severity and age. Acid suppression therapy use was associated with a numerical decrease in overall survival (HR 1.86, 95% CI 0.81–3.91, p = 0.14). In patients on any concomitant acid suppression therapy (25%), there was a decreased rate of progression-free survival (HR 6.21, 95% CI 2.56–14.32, p = 0.0001) but not overall survival (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.68–3.54, p = 0.25) versus those without concomitant acid suppression therapy, after adjusting for age and disease severity.

Conclusions

Concurrent use of acid suppression therapy and capecitabine was associated with decreased progression-free survival, and there was a trend towards decreased overall survival. Due to the demonstrated potential of decreased efficacy, concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors or histamine 2 receptor antagonists should be avoided in colorectal cancer patients on treatment with capecitabine monotherapy.
Effects of thermal processing on the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber from whole grain oats
Authors: Dong Ji-Lin , Yang Mei , Shen Rui-Ling , Zhai Ya-Fei , Yu Xiao , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2018

Normal pressure steaming, high pressure steaming, microwave, and frying are widely used to deactivate enzyme in the oats, but these thermal processing methods may affect the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber, which contribute greatly to the health benefits of oat foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different thermal processing methods on the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber from whole grain oats. The results showed that the thermal processing resulted in changes on nutritional components of whole grain oats. Especially dietary fiber components, the total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber content of heat-treated oats were significantly increased ( p < 0.05). Moreover, thermal processing can not only result in an increase in molecular weight and particle size, but also cause molecular aggregation and different functional properties of soluble dietary fiber. High pressure steaming-treated oat soluble dietary fiber displayed significantly higher swelling and emulsifying ( p < 0.05), but microwave-treated oat soluble dietary fiber exhibited the highest glucose, cholesterol, and sodium cholate adsorption capacities. These results might provide basic information to help to better understand the functionality of oat soluble dietary fiber and improve the process efficiency of oat foods with high nutritional qualities.
Numerical modeling of high velocity impact in sandwich panels with honeycomb core and composite skin including composite progressive damage model
Authors: Khodaei Meysam , Haghighi-Yazdi Mojtaba , Safarabadi Majid
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a numerical model is developed to simulate the ballistic impact of a projectile on a sandwich panel with honeycomb core and composite skin. To this end, a suitable material model for the aluminum honeycomb core is used taking the strain-rate dependent properties into account. To validate the ballistic impact of the projectile on the honeycomb core, numerical results are compared with the experimental results available in literature and ballistic limit velocities are predicted with good accuracy. Moreover, to achieve composite skin material model, a VUMAT subroutine including damage initiation based on Hashin’s seven failure criteria and damage evolution based on MLT approach modulus degradation is used. To validate the composite material model VUMAT subroutine, the ballistic limit velocities of the projectile impact on the composite laminates are predicted similar to the numerical results presented by other researchers. Next, the numerical model of the sandwich panel ballistic impact at different velocities is compared with the available experimental results in literature, and energy absorption capacity of the sandwich panel is predicted accurately. In addition, the numerical model simulated the sandwich panel damage mechanisms in different stages similar to empirical observations. Also, the composite skin damages are investigated based on different criteria damage contours.
Modeling and active control of power-split hybrid electric vehicle launch vibration
Authors: Guo Rong , Chen Hao , Wang Meng-Jia
Published: December 2018

One of the key challenges with the development of hybrid electric vehicles is the noise, vibration, and harsh behavior, specifically the uncomfortable ride experience during launch. This paper focuses on the driveline vibration caused by the quick response of the traction motor in the launch condition of hybrid electric vehicles. A torsional vibration differential equation for frequency analysis, including a Ravigneaux planetary gear set, a reducer, a differential, half shafts, and wheels, is thus built. Based on the equation, many components of the power-split system are simplified to make the controller design easy. Finally, wave superposition control strategy has been proposed to suppress the vibration, in which the concept is delaying part of the input to superimpose with the original input to eliminate the output wave. In order to optimize the control effect, parameters of the controller are chosen according to the system response. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that wave superposition control strategy is effective in attenuating the vibration generated by hybrid electric vehicles during launch conditions.
Multifrequency-controlled synchronization of three eccentric rotors driven by induction motors in the same direction
Authors: Jia Lei , Zhang Juqian , Zhou Laihong , Wen Bangchun
Published: December 2018

This article presents the dynamic model of three eccentric rotors driven by induction motors and respectively derives the response equations of the three directions with different frequency in a vibrating system. On account of the difficulty to realize multifrequency self-synchronization, the controlling method is used to realize the synchronization of the speed and phase. In this article, the fuzzy PID method is introduced to control the vibrating system which is based on a master–slave controlling strategy. And a tracking method based on the phase ratio is proposed. The effectiveness and stability are shown in the numerical simulation and the experiment validation is given to certify the accuracy of the theory. In the meanwhile, the arbitrary of the multifrequency is also demonstrated. Finally, some conclusions are summarized to present the significant in the engineering.
Becoming a social work professional after incarceration
Authors: L Runell Lindsey
Published: December 2018

This article is based on data collected from interviews conducted with past and present members of a higher education program that affords previously incarcerated individuals the chance to attend a four-year university. College participation postincarceration can help foster trajectories for crime avoidance and employment. Less specific attention has been paid to how such educational experiences might shape opportunities for released prisoners to become professional help-givers and also help themselves in the process. This exploratory study brings awareness to some potential benefits of college student inclusion in social networks particularly among individuals with felony records and ways that such support can contribute to the attainment of viable employment in the social work field.

Findings

This article offers valuable insight into ways in which participation in a higher education program postincarceration can provide access to individuals and group networks that operate to debunk criminal stigmas, bolster professional ex-prisoner identities, and reentry progress. Out of the 17 research participants, 13 were professional wounded healers for inmates, at-risk youth, or reentry facility residents who identified their social work as a dominant factor in their continued transitions from prison to law-abiding citizen.

Application

The policy implications of this article will be discussed and contribute to evidence showing that the creation and development of opportunities for ex-prisoners to attend four-year universities can help advance reentry efforts. This research explores how a group of college-educated, formerly incarcerated persons pursuing social service careers can use their experiences in higher education to progress toward that goal.
The changing nature of consumption and the intensification of McDonaldization in the digital age
Authors: Ritzer George , Miles Steven
Published: December 2018

In this article, we re-examine the McDonaldization thesis in light of social changes that occurred since the 1990s and notably in light of the onset of digital forms of consumption. The argument is presented that while the theory of McDonaldization remains profoundly relevant to the consumption of bricks-and-mortar locales, it is even more applicable in the digital age, as well as “bricks-and-clicks” consumption sites. The ways in which McDonaldization is played out in three iconic companies, namely, McDonalds, Amazon, and Wal-Mart is critically interrogated. On this basis, the article seeks to understand what the intensification of McDonaldization means for our understanding of the contemporary consumption experience. Arguing that theories are routinely outpaced by the pace of social change, we contend that the digital speeds up processes of rationalization while intensifying levels of consumption. The article concludes by reflecting on what this might mean given that we now live in an age of networked individualism, for our understanding of the relationship between place and consumption: the degree to which digital platforms appear to consumers to be “natural” and thus ideologically powerful, being of particular concern. For this reason, we suggest that the McDonaldization thesis is, in fact, more relevant in the digital future than it was in the bricks-and-mortar past.
Cleanups, confidence, and cosmetics: Marketing beauty in India
Authors: Pathak Gauri , Nichter Mimi
Published: December 2018

Since economic liberalization in 1991, India has been experiencing rapid economic growth and a shift to consumer culture, making it fertile ground for marketers of consumer goods. Historically, sales of beauty products in India had been limited by high taxation, restricted consumer choice, and high levels of poverty; post-liberalization, the country was therefore seen as a market with immense, albeit untapped, potential. However, even as beauty industry reports tout the potential for growth, nearly three decades after liberalization, per capita sales of beauty products continue to be some of the lowest in the world. Little is known about why beauty products remain stubbornly resistant to aspirational marketing efforts. Meanwhile, scant social scientific attention has been paid to the creation and marketing of tastes and desires by the beauty industry in India and women’s engagement with those desires. In this article, we present ethnographic depth on how local beauty cultures affect understandings of bodily aesthetics to create hybrid beauty practices and on how marketing efforts seek to channel these practices into consumer behavior. We examine some of the major points of contingent difference linked to low volumes of cosmetics sales in India and explore the approaches adopted by advertisers and marketers of beauty products to convert such difference into new imaginaries that foster mass consumption.
Pathophysiology and management of opioid‐induced constipation: European expert consensus statement
Authors: Farmer Adam D , Drewes Asbjørn M , Chiarioni Giuseppe , De Giorgio Roberto , O'Brien Tony , Morlion Bart , Tack Jan
Published: December 2018

Background

Opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction is a complication of opioid therapy, in which constipation is the most common and problematic symptom. However, it is frequently under‐recognised and thus effective management is often not instituted despite a number of treatment options.

Objective

The central objective of this study is to provide a summary of the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of opioid‐induced constipation and to provide a pragmatic management algorithm for day‐to‐day clinical practice.

Methods

This summary and the treatment algorithm is based on the opinion of a European expert panel evaluating current evidence in the literature.

Results

The pathophysiology of opioid‐induced constipation is multi‐faceted. The key aspect of managing opioid‐induced constipation is early recognition. Specific management includes increasing fluid intake, exercise and standard laxatives as well as addressing exacerbating factors. The Bowel Function Index is a useful way of objectively evaluating severity of opioid‐induced constipation and monitoring response. Second‐line treatments can be considered in those with recalcitrant symptoms, which include gut‐restricted or peripherally acting mu‐opioid receptor antagonists. However, a combination of interventions may be needed.

Conclusion

Opioid‐induced constipation is a common, yet under‐recognised and undertreated, complication of opioid therapy. We provide a pragmatic step‐wise approach to opioid‐induced constipation, which should simplify management for clinicians.
Turning teams and pathways into integrated practice units: Appearance characteristics and added value
Authors: van Harten WH
Published: December 2018

It has been 12 years after Porter and Teisberg published their landmark manuscript on “Redefining Health Care.” Apart from stressing the need for a fundamental change from fee-for-service to value or outcome-based financing and to a focus on reducing waste, they emphasized the need to work along patient pathways and in Integrated Practice Units to overcome function based and specialist group silos and promote working in multidisciplinary patient-oriented teams. Integrated Practice Units are defined as “organized around the patient and providing the full cycle of care for a medical condition, including patient education, engagement, and follow-up and encompass inpatient, outpatient and rehabilitative care as well as supporting services.” Although relatively few papers are published with empirical evidence on Integrated Practice Units development, some providers have impressively developed pathways and integrated care toward alignment with Integrated Practice Units criteria. From the field, we learn that possible advantages lay in improving patient centeredness, breaking through professional boundaries, and reducing waste in unnecessary duplications. A firm body of evidence on the added value of turning pathways into Integrated Practice Units is hard to find and this leaves room for much variation. Although intuitively attractive, this development requires staff efforts and costs and therefore cost-effectiveness and budget impact studies are much needed. Randomized controlled trials may be difficult to realize in organizational research, it is long known that turning to alternative designs such as larger case study series and before–after designs can be helpful. Thus, it can become clear what added value is achievable and how to reach that.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrated care models for elderly, complex patients: A narrative review. Don’t we need a value-based approach?
Authors: Marino Marta , de Belvis Antonio G , Tanzariello Maria , Dotti Emanuele , Bucci Sabina , Colotto Marco , Ricciardi Walter , Boccia Stefania
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The management of patients with complex health and social needs is one of the main challenges for healthcare systems. Integrated care seems to respond to this issue, with collaborative working and integration efforts of the care system components professionals and service providers aimed at improving efficiency, appropriateness and person centeredness of care. We conducted a narrative review to analyse the available evidences published on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrated care models targeted on the management of such elderly patients.

Methods

MEDLINE, Scopus and EBSCO were searched. We reported this narrative review according to the PRISMA Checklist. For studies to be included, they had to: (i) refer to integrated care models through implemented experimental or demonstration projects; (ii) focus on frail elderly ≥65 years old, with complex health and social needs, not disease-specific; (iii) evaluate effectiveness and/or cost and/or cost-effectiveness; (iv) report quantitative data (e.g. health outcomes, utilization outcomes, cost and cost-effectiveness).

Results

Thirty articles were included, identifying 13 integrated care models. Common features were identified in case management, geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary team. Favourable impacts on healthcare facilities utilization rates, though with mixed results on costs, were found. The development of community-based and cost-effective integrated systems of care for the elderly is possible, thanks to the cooperation across care professionals and providers, to achieving a relevant impact on healthcare and efficient resource management. The elements of success or failure are not always unique and identifiable, but the potential clearly exists for these models to be successful and generalized on a large scale.

Discussion

We found out a favourable impact of integrated care models/methods on health outcomes, care utilization and costs. The selected interventions are likely to be implemented at community level, focused on the patient management in terms of continuity of care. Thus, we propose a value-based framework for the evaluation of these services.
Scientific evidence for sustainable plant disease protection strategies for the main arable crops in Sweden. A systematic map protocol
Authors: Berlin Anna , Källström Helena Nordström , Lindgren Anders , Olson Åke
Published: December 2018

Background

Efficient and sustainable plant protection is of great economic and ecological significance for global crop production. A number of challenges, e.g. climate change, population growth and global trade, put increasing demands on future crop production and crop protection. This necessitates an increase in crop productivity with less environmental impact while maintaining good food quality and food security. To meet these challenges, it is essential that the recommendations provided to growers are efficient and correct, which can only be ensured by evidence-based  recommendations based on outcomes from scientific studies.

Methods and output

The aim of these systematic maps is to compile scientific evidence for different plant disease protection strategies for the main arable crops grown in Sweden. Six major crops (wheat, barley, oat, potato, sugar beet and oilseed rape) have been selected based on the area under production, the annual production, the economic importance, and the amount of pesticide used against diseases in these crops in Sweden. All methods to manage diseases will be considered, including cropping system, pesticide application, biological control methods, as well as combinations of methods and integrated pest management. These systematic maps will only deal with field studies of relevance for agricultural practices in Sweden, although we expect that the results will be applicable for northern Europe as a whole. The main outcome to be used will be productivity measured as yield per area. Plant health and pathogen reduction will be included as a proxy for potential increase in crop quality and yield. This will provide a systematic overview of the plant disease protection measures that have been reported in the scientific literature. The study will result in one searchable database per crop that may be used as a catalogue of evidence for researchers and stakeholders, especially authorities and advisory organizations. The systematic maps will aid in the identification of areas that need further research and guide funding agencies and policymakers when deciding where research resources should be allocated. It will also help to select topics for future systematic reviews and meta-studies within the field of plant protection.
Which Cutoffs for Secondary V˙O2max Criteria Are Robust to Diurnal Variations?
Authors: KNAIER RAPHAEL , NIEMEYER MAX , WAGNER JONATHAN , INFANGER DENIS , HINRICHS TIMO , KLENK CHRISTOPHER , FRUTIG SABRINA , CAJOCHEN CHRISTIAN , SCHMIDT-TRUCKSäSS ARNO
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The aim was to determine the minimum maximum oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) criteria cut-offs in highly trained athletes (i.e., maximum RER [RERmax], maximum HR [HRmax], maximum RPE [RPEmax], and maximum blood lactate concentration [BLmax]) necessary to determine maximum oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) during cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET), by balancing type I and type II errors. A further aim was to investigate if the defined cutoffs would be robust to diurnal and to day-to-day variations.

Methods

Data from two CPET studies involving young athletes were analyzed. In the first study, 70 male participants performed one CPET until exhaustion to define cutoffs. In the second study, eight males and five females performed one CPET on seven consecutive days at six different times of day (i.e., diurnal variation). The time of the CPET was identical on the sixth and seventh days (i.e., day-to-day variation). To ensure comparability both studies were carried out under the same conditions.

Results

Participants’ mean V˙O2max was 63.0 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1·min−1. RERmax ≥1.10 was reached by 100%, HRmax ≥95% of age-predicted HRmax by 99%, RPEmax ≥19 by 100%, and BLmax ≥8 mmol·L−1 by 100% of participants, respectively. Regarding the intraday variations, latter cutoffs were not reached in two cases for RERmax and in one case for HRmax and BLmax. Intraclass correlations for the day-to-day variability were r = 0.823 for RERmax, r = 0.828 for HRmax, and r = 0.380 for BLmax, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed high cut-off values for secondary criteria provide some assurance that V˙O2max may have been achieved in athletes without increasing type II errors. However, type I errors may still occur indicating that further methods such as V˙O2-plateau or V˙O2-validation may be required.
Acute Effects of Exercise Intensity on Insulin Sensitivity under Energy Balance
Authors: FISHER GORDON , GOWER BARBARA A. , OVALLE FERNANDO , BEHRENS CHRISTIAN E. , HUNTER GARY R.
Published: December 2018

Exercise is known to improve insulin sensitivity (SI); however, studies to date have been confounded by negative energy deficits after exercise.

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of 8 to 16 wk of aerobic exercise training on the SI of untrained women under rigorously controlled energy-balanced conditions. The secondary objective was to determine if one acute bout of moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) or high-intensity interval (HII) exercise further affected SI.

Methods

Insulin sensitivity was assessed in 28 untrained women at baseline, after 8 to 16 wk of training with no-exercise (NE) before assessment, 22 h after MIC (50% V˙O2peak), and 22 h after HII (84% V˙O2peak) using a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp. Participants were in a whole-room indirect calorimeter during each condition, and food intake was adjusted to ensure energy balance across 23 h before each clamp.

Results

There were no significant differences in acute energy balance between each condition. Results indicated a significant main effect of time, such that SI was higher during the HII condition compared with both baseline and NE (P < 0.05). No significant differences in SI were observed after NE or MIC.

Conclusions

Widely reported improvements in SI in response to chronic exercise training may be mediated in part by shifts in energy balance. However, an acute bout of HII exercise may increase SI even in the context of energy balance.
The way of the pharmaceutical ingredients to the finished pharmaceutical form
Authors: Rafael Bence , Kuruczleki Nóra , Gál József
Published: December 2018

The modern pharmaceutical industry is a strictly controlled area. Both national and international rules apply, but none of these deals with logistical issues arising from the manufacture of the product. Following the path of a drug, it is possible to get acquainted with the problems that arise and their solution.

The drug is much more than a common product. The drug is a product of confidence, which is provided with information. It defines its quality as well, to comply with the relevant directives and standards in the manufacture of, and that the enclosed information is sent to the user.

This requires the manufacturer, the distributor and the user to comply with it. There is no production without material handling, but GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) does not yet have a chapter on logistics. References to handling raw materials and finished products can be found in the corresponding GMP chapters, the responsibility of the correct execution are borne by the manufacturer. In this case, the effect of the common sense prevails exponentially, keep the medicine in mind and it has to be done, that no loss, no quality deterioration is not caused by the transport, handling of such loads, storage.

It is typical that the raw material and the finished product are going through the entire site during the pharmaceutical manufacture. Starting from the warehouse, it runs through the manufacturing facilities, on the packaging, and some units go to the lab, so that eventually, in medicine form returns to the warehouse, from where it goes further in the supply chain through the pharmacies to the patients.

In our study we examine the logistics activity and problems of a small pharmaceutical company and tasks to be solved presented in the light of the theory.
The physiological effects of fish consumption
Authors: Ács Eszter , Zsótér Brigitta
Published: December 2018

Fish contains nutrients which are essential for our organism, vitamins (for example: A; B1; B2; D), minerals and various unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (for example: Omega 3 fatty acid). The latest cannot be produced by our organism, but indispensable to its normal operation. There is literature on its various effects on the brain, immune system, and it is widely known that it plays a significant role in preventing cardiovascular diseases, since due to its anti-inflammatory effect it is able to cure inflammations on the vascular walls. Omega 3 fatty acids appear mainly in marine phytoplankton and in sea fish in large quantity. We can see that our organism would need regular fish consumption. Researches show that one should take 1 gram of Omega 3 fatty acid on a daily basis. Experts state that fish is one of the indispensable conditions of a healthy diet, so we should consume fish twice a week. Despite the fact that fish is delicious and healthy, it is not part of our everyday menu. The ideal consumption of oily fish would be more than 15 kg/capita/year, but in Hungary this is hardly 4 kg/capita/year.
Energy and renewable energy use in EU28 and Hungary on the basis of statistics
Authors: Csizmásné Tóth Judit , Hollósy Zsolt , Poór Judit
Published: December 2018

This paper presents the expansion of renewable energy sources of electricity generation over the last 10-15 years, based on statistical data for Hungary and for the EU-28 member states. The share of renewable energy in electricity production was almost 30% in the EU28 in 2016, while in Hungary it was only 7%, which is the second lowest share in EU member states. In Hungary, the share of nuclear energy is still high in electricity production, and the proportion of biomass in renewable energy in Hungary is very high compared to the EU-28 average. An important issue for Hungary is how to reduce the share of nuclear energy in the longer term. Finally, the paper highlights the essential elements of the Hungarian METAR subsidy system aimed at encouraging the production of electricity (and heat) energy from renewable energy sources while minimizing the burden on end users.
Framework para determinação das barreiras à gestão do conhecimento
Authors: Bezerra Maria Clara Cunha , De Lima Rafael Targino Dantas , Maciel Márcia Maria de Figueiredo , Da Silva Ricardo Moreira
Published: December 2018

No contexto global, o conhecimento tem sido usado como um recurso nas organizações e reconhecido como uma fonte de vantagem competitiva sustentável no campo comercial, o que levou as empresas a adotar novas posturas voltadas para o gerenciamento do conhecimento (KM) e aprendizagem. No entanto, para alcançar esta nova e melhorada forma de gestão, é necessário superar várias barreiras. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma estrutura que aponte as barreiras para a implantação da gestão do conhecimento (GC) nas organizações. Este framework foi construído com base em uma revisão sistemática da literatura na base de dados “Web of Science”, na qual foram utilizadas a técnica de análise de clusters e a análise de conteúdo, resultando em um modelo / lista de barreiras para GC agrupadas em categorias individuais, organizacionais, tecnológicas e de categoria cruzadas. Este framework contribui para a ciência, uma vez que consegue reunir uma série de tipos de barreiras em um único quadro, e também para as organizações por ser uma ferramenta fácil de usar, permitindo a rápida identificação de várias barreiras que envolvem a implementação do gerenciamento de conhecimento. Para ilustrar a eficácia do framework, um estudo de caso foi realizado em um setor administrativo da instituição pública de ensino superior da Paraíba, onde foi possível avaliar barreiras no setor e também o grau de correlação entre elas.
Avaliação econômica da aplicação da produção mais limpa em uma estação de tratamento de efluentes: estudo de caso em uma empresa metal mecânico
Authors: Leite Roberto Rodrigues , Oliveira Neto Geraldo Cardoso de
Published: December 2018

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso, a avaliação econômica da aplicação da Produção Mais Limpa na Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes de uma pequena empresa brasileira do ramo metal mecânico, na qual o ganho econômico foi de R$ 4.994,67 por mês obtidos com um investimento de R$ 4.560,00, demonstrando que a Produção Mais Limpa proporciona, com pouco investimento inicial, resultados econômicos positivos em curto prazo por meio do uso consciente dos recursos hídricos e atendendo a legislação ambiental local que trata de efluentes industriais, evidenciando que a Produção Mais Limpa é um instrumento que possibilitando obter ganhos econômicos por meio de ações direcionadas à minimização dos impactos causados ao meio ambiente pelos processos produtivos industriais.
Optimal operating scenario for Polerood hydropower station to maximize peak shaving and produced profit
Authors: Forouzi Feshalami Behzad
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the optimization of the daily operation of Polerood hydropower station being constructed in the north of Iran. Dynamic Programming method (DP) is applied as the preferred optimization tool owing to the fact that it guarantees the optimal solution and is applicable to the present problem. Produced profit and peak-shaving are the two objectives considered separately in this study. The results show that the optimal water management of the case study through charging and discharging the reservoir at the appropriate times led to 4% increase in the produced profit. In another part of this study, the optimal performance strategies regarding to the two objectives (produced profit and peak-shaving) are compared. The observed similarity between the two performance strategies implies the substantial dependence of the electricity price and the network demand level. The paper ends with the profitability study of the project and the sensitivity analysis of the results to various economic parameters. Article History: Received December 15th 2017; Received in revised form April 18th 2018; Accepted September 16th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Feshalami, B.F. (2018) Optimal Operating Scenario for Polerood Hydropower Station to Maximize Peak Shaving and Produced Profit. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 233-239.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.233-239
Comparison between conventional design and cathode gas recirculation design of a direct-syngas solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid systems part II: Effect of temperature difference at the fuel cell stack
Authors: Azami Vahid , Yari Mortaza
Published: December 2018

This study focuses on the effect of the temperature difference at the fuel cell stack (ΔTcell) on the performances of the two types of SOFC–GT hybrid system configurations, with and without cathode gas recirculation system. In order to investigation the effect of matching between the SOFC temperature (TSOFC) and the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) on the hybrid system performance, we considered additional fuel supply to the combustor as well as cathode gas recirculation system after the air preheater. Simulation results show that the system with cathode gas recirculation gives better efficiency and power capacity for all design conditions than the system without cathode gas recirculation under the same constraints. As the temperature difference at the cell becomes smaller, the both systems performance generally degrade. However the system with cathode gas recirculation is less influenced by the constraint of the cell temperature difference. The model and simulation of the proposed SOFC–GT hybrid systems have been performed with Cycle-Tempo software.Article History: Received January 16th 2018; Received in revised form July 4th 2018; Accepted October 5th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Azami, V and Yari, M. (2018) Comparison Between Conventional Design and Cathode Gas Recirculation Design of a Direct-Syngas Solid Oxide Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Part II: Effect of Temperature Difference at The Fuel Cell Stack. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 263-267.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.263-267
Induced Electro-Deposition of High Melting-Point Phases on MgO–C Refractory in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 – (MgO) Slag at 1773 K
Authors: Huihua Wang , Channa Wang , Yingjun Xu , Kun Jiang , Tianpeng Qu , Jun Tian , Deyong Wang
Published: December 2018

MgO–C refractory was polarized across the slag-refractory interface at a voltage of 8 V in a synthetic CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 – (MgO) Slag at 1773 K. A deposition layer mainly composed of dicalciumsilicate (2CaO.SiO2) or spinel (MgO.Al2O3) with several hundred microns thick was achieved by cathodic polarization. However, the anodic decay was accelerated in comparison to the cathodic refractories and nonpolarized reference MgO–C refractories. The electrodeposition layer was mainly caused by the reduction of silicate anions, in which a shift of slag composition to the dicalciumsilicate (C2S) or spinel (MA) primary phase field was induced. Furthermore, the rapid migration of mobile Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions can also lead to the enrichment of CaO and MgO at the slag/refractory interface. The present voltage level (8 V) is acceptable for the economic considerations and the slag component also need a careful section for the corrosion protection of MgO–C refractories.
Performance Limits of FSO Based SAC-OCDMA System Under Weather Conditions
Authors: Mesri Lamia , Djebbari Ali
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) is investigated in Free Space Optics (FSO) using Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) codes to evaluate its performance limits in terms of link range. The system is analyzed under clear, haze, moderate fog and dense fog weather conditions. This system has been evaluated numerically and by simulation analysis by maintaining the transmitted power at 10 dBm, for safety reason, according to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and minimum acceptable BER of10{10}–9. The simulation results shown that the present system can transmit 622 Mbps/1 Gbps up to maximum link range of 1450 m/1100 m and 61 m/54 m under clear and dense fog conditions, respectively.
The crystal structure of 2-((3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)malononitrile, C9H6N2S
Authors: Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Asiri Abdullah M. , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Kalam Abul
Published: December 2018

C9H6N2S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 3.9497(4) Å, b = 9.0268(13) Å, c = 12.2935(16) Å, V = 431.37(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0496, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0747, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N–(5-((trimethylstannyl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methanimine], (C12H14FN3S2Sn)n
Authors: Sun Junshan
Published: December 2018

C12H14FN3S2Sn, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.954(3) Å, b = 11.494(3) Å, c = 20.825(5) Å, V = 3100.7(13) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0274, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0658, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-yn-1-one, C16H12O2
Authors: Smit Jireh B. M. , Marais Charlene , Malan Frederick P. , Bezuidenhout Barend C. B.
Published: December 2018

C16H12O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.7947(10) Å, b = 6.2958(4) Å, c = 12.2787(8) Å, β = 94.216(2)°, V = 1217.69(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0398, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1336, T = 150(2) K.
Small domain, large consequences: the axon initial segment as a key player in neuronal excitability
Authors: Engelhardt Maren , Jamann Nora , Wefelmeyer Winnie
Published: December 2018

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a crucial axonal domain for neuronal function – it allows neurons to generate action potentials, maintain their polarity or modulate their own excitability, thereby adapting to sudden and more long-term changes in network state. Although the AIS has been a well-described structure in neurons with work dating back to the 1960s, its fundamental role in neuronal function has only really been appreciated in the last decade. It is therefore no surprise that the AIS now also emerges as a hub for the onset of various pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we will focus on AIS development, function, and plasticity in the context of neuronal network activity and will highlight recent results that indicate a role for the AIS in the regulation and fine-tuning of input-output relations in single neurons.
Die Abseitsfalle
Authors: Beck Andre , Klomfaß Sabine
Published: December 2018

Der Arbeitsort von sonderpädagogischen Lehrkräften verlagert sich zunehmend in die Regelschule. Anhand einer Interviewsequenz wird rekonstruiert, wie sich eine Sonderpädagogin in dieser Phase organisationaler Umstrukturierungen mit neuen Erwartungen an ihre Zuständigkeit für Spezialaufgaben konfrontiert sieht. Aus einer wissenssoziologischen Perspektive betrachtet, wird die Sonderpädagogik durch diese neue Positionierung aus dem Kernbereich üblicher Lehrertätigkeiten verdrängt und gerät an der Regelschule ins Abseits.
Does Hands-on Guarding Influence Performance on the Functional Gait Assessment?
Authors: Shaw Jason L. , Robinson Barbara S. , Himes Marcia K. , Daniel Todd E. , Holland Lydia J. , Mosley Geoff D. , Kraft Claire M. , Mulcahey Rachel L.
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose:

An accurate fall risk assessment is an important component of fall prevention, though a fall could occur during testing. To minimize this risk, different guarding methods are used, though there is disagreement regarding the optimal method. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 2 guarding methods, contact guarding (CG) and standby guarding (SG), on performance during the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). We hypothesized that (1) there would not be a significant difference in FGA scores when comparing CG with SG, and (2) participants would not perceive a difference between the 2 guarding methods.

Methods:

Twenty-three community-dwelling older adults, mean age 73.6 (SD = 6.2) years, participated in this study. Each participant completed 2 trials of the FGA, one with CG and another with SG. Guarding for all trials was provided by the same experienced physical therapist (PT) for this within-subjects design. All trials were video recorded for review by 2 PT raters who were blinded to the purpose of the study.

Results and Discussion:

Functional Gait Assessment scores for the 2 PT raters indicated high internal agreement for both CG and SG conditions (CG: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.949; SG: ICC = 0.935), and CG FGA scores did not significantly differ from SG FGA scores (t
22 = 0.15, P = .882). Furthermore, none of the participants perceived a difference in guarding methods.

Conclusions:

The results of this study indicate that hands-on guarding does not significantly influence performance on the FGA when the guarding is provided by an experienced PT and the participant is a community-dwelling older adult.
Effects of Curing Temperature and Dosage on the Performance of GGBS-MgO-CaO in Stabilizing/Solidifying Heavy Metal–Contaminated Site Soil
Authors: Wang Fei , Cai Zhaoyi , Xu Jian
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the effects of curing temperature and dosage on the performance of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag–magnesium oxide–calcium oxide (GMC) in treating heavy metal–contaminated site soil. Samples were cured for 28 days at curing temperatures of 4°C, 21°C, and 45°C, and the binder dosages of GMC applied in this study were 5, 10, and 15 %. Curing temperature and dosage were found to affect the performance of GMC in different degrees. The strength development of GMC mixes curing at 45°C is 3–5 times higher than that curing at 4°C and 21°C. The raise of the curing temperature and dosage reduces the lead (Pd) leached. The integrity of GMC mixes after each drying–wetting cycle is improved with the raise of binder dosage. The strength losses of GMC5, GMC10, and GMC15 after freeze–thaw cycles are at 52.6 %, 52.3 % and 51.3 %, respectively.
Collaborative use of multimodal resources in discussions of L2 grammatical meaning
Authors: Jacknick Christine Mary
Published: December 2018

Gesture use in the second language classroom has been a focus of much recent research pairing a micro-discourse analytic lens with sociocultural theory (Matsumoto and Dobs, 2016; Rosborough, 2014; Smotrova and Lantolf, 2013; van Compernolle, 2015; van Compernolle and Smotrova, 2014), with several researchers noting that examination of gesture use during grammar lessons is an under-researched area (Hudson, 2011; Lazaraton, 2004; Smotrova, 2014). This study addresses this gap by examining the collaborative multimodal interaction of learners and their teacher during a teacher-fronted grammar lesson in an adult English as a Second Language classroom, with particular focus on gesture. By revealing how spontaneously occurring gestures in the classroom facilitate discussion, and ultimately, understanding of a grammatical form, this study underscores the value of using fine-grained analysisof multimodal classroom interaction to reveal microgenesis.
Pre-service Teacher Education from a Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: Esteve Olga , Fernández Francesc , Bes Asunción
Published: December 2018

This article presents an exemplary case-study that investigates the impact of a socioculturally based formative model in a pre-service teacher education program. From a sociocultural perspective, teachers’ development involves a dynamic and social process of meaning mediation, where their beliefs or initial representations are to be confronted with the scientific concepts underlying good teaching practices (Esteve, 2018; Johnson, 2009). As a result of that confrontation, the initial pre-understandings should be reshaped and reconceptualized. The case-study presented is framed within an undergraduate subject that seeks to help pre-service teachers reconceptualize their understanding of ‘assessment’ through a formative model blending Vygotsky’s double stimulation strategy with Gal’perin’s Concept-Based Instruction (CBI) (Esteve et al., 2017; Esteve, 2018). This model entails activities of conceptual manipulation triggered by both reflective tasks and instruments, such as the Visual Reflective Diary (VRD), an instrument for pre-service teachers to ongoingly engage in dialogical thinking. Data from a single Visual Reflectice Diary (VRD) has been considered along with Negueruela’s semiogenetic analysis (2011, 2013) conveniently adapted and implemented. The results of analysing this VRD support the evidence that the socioculturally-based formative process developed does contribute to expanding preservice teachers’ pre-understandings of ‘assessment’, as an intrapersonally and interpersonally based, cognitively and emotionally driven process.