bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles of public service: system-activity dimension
Authors: Shovkun Yu. I.
Published: July 2024

A system of principles of public service has been formed, which consists of three principle blocks.

International principles of public service: supremacy of law; legality; effectiveness; objectivity; impartiality; justice; virtue; public activity regarding the management of state affairs, in particular those related to entry into public service, its completion and legislative support; balance of public and private interests when making decisions; transparency (passing public service and activities of public servants); responsibility of public servants to the population and the state for their professional activities; publicity, which involves the mandatory publication of open information about the work of public servants, etc.
Principles of public administration: a) organizational; b) functional; c) targeted; d) accommodative.
Legal principles: a) general principles of law (humanism, democracy, separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial, legal certainty, presumption of innocence, proportionality, equality, legal responsibility; b) principles of administrative law (openness and transparency, flexibility, compliance human rights and freedoms, efficiency, prohibition of arbitrariness, innovation, competence, accountability and control, priority of laws of Ukraine and international documents regulating administrative and legal relations, social cohesion, stability and long-term orientation); c) special principles of law that regulate the passage of service by certain categories of public servants (equal access to public service, choice, patriotism, people's power, loyalty to constitutional duty and oath in case of taking it, state support, observance of official (executive) discipline and professional ethics, independence, failure to comply with illegal orders and instructions, consolidation of state and local interests, readiness for prompt performance of official tasks).
Functional component of the criminal procedural status of the Prosecutor's Office Head
Authors: Hnatenko V. S.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the functions of the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office in criminal proceedings as an integral part of his/her criminal procedural status. The existing approaches to understanding the concept of “criminal procedural status” and its analogues are identified. It is noted that the function of the head of a pre-trial investigation body differs from the function of a prosecutor - procedural supervisor (at the pre-trial investigation stage) and a prosecutor supporting the public prosecution (at the trial stages of criminal proceedings). The above is determined by the prosecutor's powers which are determined by the criminal procedure law. The expediency of distinguishing four functions of the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office in criminal proceedings is emphasized: procedural guidance, public prosecution, organisational and managerial function and quasi-judicial control function. Based on the analysis of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine provisions which vest the head of a prosecution body with procedural powers, the article establishes that some of these functions are exercised by the head of a prosecution body depending on his/her specific position (Prosecutor General, head of a regional prosecution office, etc.). It is also established that the approaches to determining the criminal procedural status of participants to criminal proceedings (subjects of criminal proceedings) available in the current scientific literature through the use of the terms “legal status” and “procedural status” are inaccurate, although not entirely wrong. Their use significantly expands the content of this category, which is illogical. The functions of the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office in criminal proceedings constitute the core, or basis, for determining his/her criminal procedural status in general, due to the close connection of this category with his/her powers (rights and obligations) in criminal proceedings, which opens up the possibility of studying other components of his/her status. It is also worth mentioning that under martial law, in certain circumstances, the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office may also perform the supervisory function of the court. These powers are unique and inherent only to the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office in criminal proceedings. Thus, the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office replaces the powers of the investigating judge to exercise the judicial control function, which indicates the quasi-judicial nature of such a function.
Conceptual basis of international jurisdiction
Authors: Rubanenko N. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Constant changes in international relations and global challenges in the geopolitical arena disrupt the effectiveness and relevance of existing approaches to international justice. In this context, there is a need to analyze the conceptual foundations of this field in order to adapt to modern realities. The main goal of this study is to analyze the conceptual foundations of international justice, taking into account the latest scientific achievements and global perspectives. The focus of the research is the formation of new theoretical approaches and conceptual frameworks for the analysis and understanding of international criminal law. The methodological basis of the study is based on the analysis of scientific works in the field of international criminal law, as well as the use of modern scientific approaches to information processing. The article reveals new aspects and perspectives of the study of the conceptual foundations of international justice, which can contribute to the further development of the theory and practice of disclosure and investigation of serious violations of international law. The author highlights four conceptual ideas that underlie International Criminal Justice. The first concept concerns the principle of legality, which takes into account not only legal norms, but also social and legal transformations. The second idea considers the principle of international crime, which covers serious violations of international law. The third concept concerns individual responsibility for international crimes, regardless of the social status and official position of the subject of the offense. The fourth idea is the principle of universal jurisdiction, which provides a legal response to serious violations of international law, regardless of the circumstances and the subject of their commission. These concepts reflect the goal of international criminal justice, which is the inevitability of punishment for serious violations of international law, since their commission threatens the security of all humanity.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESILIENCE OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES IN THE FACE OF NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
Authors: Pyavka Oleh ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: July 2024

The article identifies the key determinants that determine the socio-economic resilience of economic entities in Ukraine during the war and will determine it in the period of post-war recovery, which will allow forming criteria for its further assessment. Since the beginning of the fullscale war, Ukrainian business entities have generally demonstrated a high level of absorption and adaptive capacity in wartime. In the future, in the context of the 3-D Resilience Concept, it is important that they also have the ability to ensure transformational capacity to ensure resilience. The external determinants include various areas of support for Ukraine: military, economic, sanctions, humanitarian, diplomatic, logistical, informational, psychological, educational and cultural. The internal determinants include: the effectiveness of the internal economic policy of the State, the effectiveness of support from local governments, the commitment of the local population in the areas of active hostilities, the geographical location of economic entities, the industry affiliation of economic entities and the sensitivity of a particular industry to the development of the military economy and ensuring military resistance, the availability of labour, the availability of own working capital and minimal external borrowing, the availability of effective demand. It is proposed to develop methodological approaches, criteria and a system of indicators for assessing the level of resilience of economic entities in the face of negative externalities on the basis of the identified determinants.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЙ HR-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ: ВІД ЛОКАЛЬНИХ ТЕОРІЙ ДО СУЧАСНОГО ДІДЖИТАЛЬНОГО ПІДХОДУ В УПРАВЛІННІ ЛЮДСЬКИМ КАПІТАЛОМ
Authors: Довбня Світлана , Письменний Руслан
Published: July 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню розвитку та трансформації концепцій HR-менеджменту, їх поступової еволюції. Систематизовані основні теорії та ідеї науковців, починаючі з XVII ст. до сучасного періоду. Проаналізовані класичні концепції управління персоналом з урахуванням їх еволюції. Виділені та описані структурні компоненти людського капіталу в сучасному світі на основі узагальнення підходів до його визначення. Запропоновано та обґрунтовано виділення нової концепції управління персоналом та підходу, який почав формуватися на початку XXI ст. та продовжує інтенсивно розвиватися, – концепція діджиталізації в управлінні людським капіталом (діджитальний підхід). Представлені переваги, недоліки та ризики використання діджитального підходу в управлінні людським капіталом. Наведені приклади використання діджитал-технологій при реалізації основних HR-процесів.
СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЗНАЧЕННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ДІДЖИТАЛ-СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: Дячков Дмитро , Бурик Владислав
Published: July 2024

У статті окреслено актуалізацію використання цифрових та інтерактивних технологій індустрії 4.0. в маркетинговій діяльності підприємств, визначено необхідність застосування надбань діджитал-середовища в процесі здійснення маркетингу суб’єктів господарювання. Для розкриття мети дослідження визначено основні напрямки сучасного маркетингу підприємства. Виокремлено дві групи факторів впливу на формування зазначених маркетингової діяльності підприємства. Відповідно до зазначених напрямів згруповано основі види засобів реалізації цифрового маркетингу сучасного підприємства. З’ясовано, що через зростаючу роль цифровізації маркетингу ризики також трансформуються і проникають у діджитал-середовище підприємства, що зумовлює прагнення підприємств підтримувати безпечний стан, тобто стан маркетингової безпеки в цілому. Маркетингову безпеку визначено як стан підприємства, при якому загрози основним складовим маркетингу в процесі його реалізації є контрольованими та не несуть критичної небезпеки для діяльності підприємства. З цією метою сформовано концептуальну модель забезпечення маркетингової безпеки підприємства в діджитал-середовищі, а відповідно до неї визначено її цілі та завдання.
ЕКОСИСТЕМНІСТЬ ТА ГЕНЕРУВАННЯ ЦІННОСТЕЙ У ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВІ
Authors: Бойченко Катерина , Сєргєєв Микола
Published: July 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню ролі екосистем у формуванні та генерації цінностей у сучасному підприємництві. Розглянуто ключові фактори, що сприяють успішному функціонуванню підприємницьких екосистем, такі як комплементарність, модульність, інноваційність, гнучкість та стійкість. Особлива увага приділяється впливу цифрових технологій на розвиток екосистем та підвищення їхньої ефективності. Дослідження також акцентує на практичних рекомендаціях для підприємців щодо інтеграції сучасних технологій та створення взаємовигідних партнерств. Отримані результати роботи можуть бути корисними для менеджерів та підприємців, які прагнуть оптимізувати бізнес-процеси та забезпечити стійкий розвиток у мінливих ринкових умовах.
НОВІ ПОДАТКОВІ ПРАВИЛА У БОРОТЬБІ ІЗ «СІРИМ» РИНКОМ ЗЕРНА В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЇХ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ
Authors: Осипчук Олександр
Published: July 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу нових податкових правил при експорті зерна та іншої аграрної продукції, спрямованих на мінімізацію схем ухилення від оподаткування та збільшення валютної виручки. В умовах військового стану, для України надзвичайно важливо створити умови для унеможливлення податкових схем у аграрній галузі, щоб за результатами вивезення зерна в Україну заходила іноземна валюта. В той же час, нові правила мають бути збалансованими і не перешкоджати діяльності сумлінних платників податків, що може мати зворотній економічний ефект. У статті досліджено вплив нових податкових правил з точки зору їх відповідності заявленим цілям відповідних законодавчих актів та їх впливу на діяльність сумлінних платників податків, ідентифікація відповідних ризиків і надання рекомендацій.
Breastfeeding Exclusive Status and Stunting Incidence Among Children Aged 24-36 Months in West Gunungsitoli, Nias
Authors: Tarigan Yenni Gustiani , Etty Christina Roos , Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Riaprilany Nibenia
Published: July 2024

Background: Stunting occurs when the fetus is still in the womb and only appears when the child is two years old. Stunting in toddlers needs special attention because it can hinder children's physical and mental development. Stunting is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and death as well as hampered growth of motor and mental abilities which carries a risk of decreased intellectual abilities, productivity and increased risk of degenerative diseases. The study objective was to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting incidence among children aged 24 to 36 months in West Gunungsitoli. Methods: This was observational study with a cross sectional design. The study population was all mothers who had stunted toddlers aged 24 to 36 months with sample of 42 respondents. We used univariate and bivariate analysis for data analysis. Chi square test was used to analyze the relationship with α =0.05. Results: The results of this study were 78.6% of stunted toddlers were not given exclusive breast milk and only 21.4% were given. There were 69% of stunted toddlers had a short height and 31 % toddlers with very short height. Conclusin: However, there was a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting incident in West Gunungsitoli with a p-value=0.032. Therefore, it is recommended that all mothers in West Gunungsitoli need to be given education about the importance of giving exclusive breast milk to babies.

Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, stunting, toddlers.
Pain Management on Elderly People: Caregivers Readiness on Managing Pain at Home
Authors: Kartika Imelda Rahmayunia , Sa'adiah Halimahtun , Febrina Wiwit
Published: July 2024

Background: The diseases that appear in the elderly tend to create excessive and chronic pain with the prevalence of pain occurs in people over 65 years of age. Families as caregivers have to pay more attention to the condition of the elderly so that they need readiness and skills on managing pain at home. Caring on the elderly was very complex and requires patience, including in pain treatment. This study was to overview the family readiness on managing pain for the elderly people.

Methods: This study used an analytic descriptive design with a sample of 98 caregivers who cared for the elderly with pain at home. The research instrument used the Nursing Outcomes Classification on a 5-likert scale which asked about family readiness in caring for the family. Data analyzed by using descriptive frequency analysis.

Results: A total of 53 people (54.1%) caregivers stated that they were not prepared to care for elderly people with pain at home. It was explained that caregivers mostly stated that they did not know about the disease process of elderly pain and the recommended treatment procedures on managing the pain (each mean of 1.923 and 2.000). Meanwhile, caregivers generally accepted the condition as taking on the role of home care (mean: 3.317).

Conclusion: It was concluded that caregivers tended to not have the readiness in taking care of elderly pain at home. It is expected that caregivers can increase knowledge about pain management and be ready to provide home care to the elderly.

Keywords: Pain management, caregivers, readiness, elderly, home
Model of Interaction of Structural Elements of the Financial Market of Ukraine
Authors: Kochorba Valeriia Yu. ,   Educational and Scientific Institute «Karazin Banking Institute» of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to improve the methodology of studying the financial market of Ukraine, analyzing the interaction between the components of the financial market, studying the reaction of the components of the financial market to sudden changes and forecasting the behavior of the structural elements of the financial market. The financial market plays a decisive role in the modern market economy of Ukraine, providing a mechanism for the redistribution of capital between creditors and investors through intermediaries based on the principles of supply and demand. The development of the financial market and the interaction of its components is the subject of research by many scholars, whose works laid the foundation for a modern understanding of how financial markets function and how they affect the economy as a whole. Despite a significant number of studies on the functioning and development of financial market infrastructure, many aspects of the interaction of market entities in Ukraine remain unexplored, especially in changing external and internal conditions. To model the interaction of market participants in the financial market of Ukraine, an algorithm has been developed, on the basis of which the interaction of structural elements of the financial market of Ukraine has been analyzed, the reaction of the components of the financial market to sharp changes has been studied, and forecasts of the behavior of its structural elements have been made. The study uses a combination of fundamental conceptions of the financial market and the methodology of expert evaluation to determine the most significant statistical indicators that characterize its constituent components. The cause-and-effect relationships between these components are analyzed, the nature of their mutual relationship is revealed. ARIMA models were used to forecast key indicators of the financial market. On the basis of vector auto-regressive models, the dynamic adaptation of market components to shocks is analyzed. The study showed that the credit and interbank markets show less susceptibility to external factors and can even serve as impetus for changes in other structural elements of the financial market. The results of the study can be used for: development of a more effective policy of financial market regulation; development of new methods and tools of influence on the functioning of financial market entities.
The Theoretical Foundations of Innovation Management in the Sphere of Subsoil Use
Authors: Zaporozhets Hanna V. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Orynchak Oksana M. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: July 2024

The article summarizes the theoretical foundations of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that managerial innovations are still fuzzy and insufficiently studied in management theory and practice. As innovative management components emerged, people began to better understand that management is an important integrated factor that affects the expected performance of an economic entity. Without management, the creation and implementation of effective technologies, as well as a reasonable combination of social, informational, accounting, financial, economic and commercial factors are impossible. It is noted that, taking into account the specifics of the sphere of subsoil use, the generalization of approaches to innovation management allowed to identify that the most important is the organizational approach, which enables management to plan its activities, make effective managerial decisions on the basis of innovation. The author’s own definition of «subsoil use» is presented, which should be understood as the economic, managerial activity of State institutions, local governments, business entities, society and its individual groups, households regarding the use of subsoil for their own or commercial needs within the framework of geological exploration, mining, underground works that are not related to the extraction of minerals, protection of subsoil in scientific, geological, cultural, aesthetic, sanitary and hygienic spheres, collection of materials and samples for various purposes of scientific and practical activities. It is determined that innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use is the process of managing significant changes in labor products, means of production, services and other innovative activity, which is one of the main directions of development of social production. It is concluded that innovative management of subsoil use helps to achieve synergistic results in the industry. This includes the achievement of socioeconomic and business values and is important for the development of policies that determine how to effectively implement innovative technologies in the management system of economic entities.
АНАЛІЗ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ КОНДИТЕРСЬКОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Чмут А.В.
Published: July 2024

У статті досліджується стан та перспективи розвитку кондитерської галузі України, яка є важливим сектором економіки країни. Зазначено, що галузь є високо конкурентною та впродовж багатьох останніх років демонструвала стабільний розвиток, попри численні виклики, зокрема економічну нестабільність, зміни споживчих вподобань, зростаючу конкуренцію та вплив глобальних тенденцій, таких як здорове харчування та екологічність. Найбільшим викликом стала повномасштабна війна в Україні, через яку постраждали майже 20% підприємств. У статті аналізуються дані щодо кількості діючих підприємств, їх розміру, рентабельності та обсягів виробництва за аналізовані роки. Визначено, що підприємства активно адаптуються до нових умов, релокують виробництва, відновлюють потужності та впроваджують інноваційні технології. Розглянуто структуру ринку та основних його гравців таких як Roshen, Mondeliz, АВК, Світоч, та інші. Серед перспектив подальшого розвитку галузі зазначено відновлення виробничих потужностей та кадрового потенціалу.
Eastern Light on Jerusalem
Authors: Miller II, OFS Robert D. , Riley Jonathon
Published: July 2024

If the Post-Exilic period is now held to be the main phase of scribal production for the Hebrew Bible, understanding education in the Persian Empire is essential. Biblical scholarship has largely depended on evidence from earlier (Babylonian) or later (Hellenistic) periods, which is not applicable. This essay draws on direct evidence of Persian education in the eastern provinces to suggest a model of broader Persian scribalism.
Efectividad de Rituximab en pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica y su relación con el número de infecciones obtenidas durante su primer año de tratamiento
Authors: Loor Izquierdo Jhon , Vélez Laaz Marcela Anthonella , Loayza Robles Kevin Andrés , Quiroga Sabando Andrea Isabel , García Palacios Karol
Published: July 2024

Introducción: El cáncer como una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la proliferación descontrolada de células, pudiendo asi invadir otros tejidos y la multiplicación de manera autónoma; así, existen hace algunos años una amplia gama de alternativas en materia de anticuerpos monoclonales para el tratamiento del cáncer, entre estos rituximab que se dirige contra el antígeno CD20 de los linfocitos B, siendo su mecanismo de acción la disminución de la célula B, apareciendo como una opción dentro del tratamiento en niños con enfermedades autoinmunitarias graves y resistentes dando buenos resultados Objeto: determinar la eficacia del Rituximab en pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica durante su primer año de tratamiento . Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda no sistemática de artículos originales, reportes de caso y revisiones bibliográficas publicadas en SciElo, ScienceDirect, UpToDate; descriptores: Rituximab; anticuerpos monoclonales; protocolos antineoplásicos. Se incluyó trabajos con antigüedad menor a 5 años, idioma inglés y/o español. Resultados: Se construyó un documento científico de fácil lectura y que aborda los principales tópicos para el conocimiento del personal de todos los niveles de atención. Conclusión: Para mejorar los resultados se deberían de administrar vacunas antes de la terapia con rituximab debido a que puede producir una hipogammaglobulinemia lo que representaría un aumento en el riesgo de infecciones. En casos donde existen pacientes con infecciones recurrentes después de la terapia con rituximab se sugiere una profilaxis antibiótica o incluso un reemplazo de inmunoglobulina. Área de estudio general: medicina. Área de estudio específica: oncología. Tipo de estudio: revisión narrativa.
Análisis crítico de los impactos ambientales generados por la agroindustria panelera en la provincia de Pastaza - Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: González Rivera Víctor , Albán Galárraga Michael José , Casco Guerrero Erika Clara , Hidalgo Guerrero Irene
Published: July 2024

Introducción. El cultivo de caña de azúcar y su transformación son factores importantes que dinamiza la economía rural en la provincia de Pastaza. La tecnología rudimentaria y los mecanismos productivos paneleros conllevan a generar impactos ambientales que deben ser evaluados, identificados y corregidos. Objetivo. Analizar los impactos ambientales generados por la agroindustria panelera en la Provincia de Pastaza, Amazonía Ecuatoriana, específico en la central panelera Teniente Hugo Ortiz. Metodología. Se aplicó la matriz de causa-efecto de Leopold como herramienta metodológica, para la identificación de las actividades del proceso productivo y se evaluó su impacto en los componentes ambientales. Resultados. Se determinó 41 impactos evaluados, los aspectos positivos representan el 14,63%, mientras que los negativos alcanzan el 85,37%. Las etapas de corte de caña, molienda y limpieza de instalaciones presentan el mayor impacto negativo (20%). En términos de Unidades de Impacto Ambiental (UIA), se evaluaron 2190, de las cuales el 10,50% son positivas y el 89,50% son negativas. Los procesos de corte (25,51%), molienda (25,51%) y limpieza de instalaciones (19,90%) generan las mayores UIA negativas. Conclusión. Se concluye que la falta de una política clara de gestión ambiental y el desconocimiento de métodos de tratamiento de residuos contribuyentes a la generación de contaminación ambiental en los diferentes procesos productivos. Se recomienda cambiar de tecnología y tratar los efluentes para mejorar los ingresos económicos y la calidad de vida de la población circundante. Área de la ciencia: ciencias agropecuarias, medioambiente.
Incidencia y complicaciones en galactosemia en recién nacidos
Authors: Zambrano Garcés Rosa María , León Coronel Mélida Alexandra , Orellana Cevallos Kimberly Melissa , Sucuzhañay Castro Cristina Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La galactosemia en recién nacidos es una enfermedad metabólica hereditaria que afecta la capacidad del cuerpo para descomponer y utilizar la galactosa, un azúcar presente en la leche y otros alimentos. Esta condición es causada por la deficiencia de una enzima llamada galactosa-1-fosfato uridiltransferasa (GALT). Sin la enzima GALT, la galactosa se acumula en el cuerpo y puede causar daño a varios órganos y sistemas. Para detectar la galactosemia en recién nacidos, se realizan pruebas de tamizaje metabólico neonatal poco después del nacimiento. Estas pruebas consisten en tomar una muestra de sangre del talón del bebé y analizarla en busca de diferentes enfermedades metabólicas, incluida la galactosemia. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, complicaciones e incidencia de la galactosemia en recién nacidos. Metodología: El estudio se fundamenta en una investigación descriptiva que permite examinar en detalle las variables relacionadas con el tema principal. La investigación se lleva a cabo desde una perspectiva cualitativa, centrándose en el análisis de las características clínicas y complicaciones de la galactosemia en recién nacidos. El enfoque descriptivo del estudio se basa en el análisis de las variables establecidas y en la evaluación de la correlación existente entre ellas. Resultados: Las complicaciones clínicas de la galactosemia en recién nacidos destaca la importancia del diagnóstico temprano, el tratamiento adecuado y una dieta especializada para prevenir dificultades y promover un desarrollo saludable en estos pacientes. Conclusión: La galactosemia en recién nacidos tiene características clínicas y complicaciones significativas, como daño hepático, retraso en el desarrollo, problemas de crecimiento, cataratas y trastornos neurológicos. La lactancia materna puede continuar si se evitan alimentos con galactosa. El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento adecuado son clave para prevenir complicaciones y promover un desarrollo saludable. La detección temprana a través de pruebas de tamizaje metabólico neonatal permite identificar la galactosemia. La dieta sin galactosa es recomendada de por vida, evitando lactosa y galactosa en la alimentación. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Enfermería.
A Computational Approach of Anti-diabetic Potential Evaluation of Flower and Seed of Nyctanthes arbor tristis Linn
Authors: Shrestha Ram Lal Swagat , Parajuli Nirmal , Neupane Prabhat , Dhital Sujan , Maharjan Binita , Shrestha Timila , Bharati Samjhana , Marasini Bishnu Prasad , Adhikari Subin Jhashanath
Published: July 2024

Exploring the medicinal significance of bioactive compounds through computational methods is an increasingly practiced approach in contemporary medicinal research. This study aims to assess the antidiabetic potential of compounds extracted from the plant Nyctanthes arbor tristis by evaluating their ability to inhibit the carbohydrate metabolic enzyme α-glucosidase. The research work was conducted through molecular docking calculation, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), and ADMET prediction techniques. Among the compounds, arbortistoside-C (NAS03), and arbortristoside-D (NAS04) found in the seed of the plant were identified as hit inhibitors of the target protein with docking scores, -9.9 and -9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The compounds showed a comparable docking score with the drug of diabetes acarbose (-8.6 kcal/mol). Geometrical parameters like radius of gyration, solvent accessibility surface, root mean square deviation, and root mean square fluctuation from MDS supported the stability of the protein-ligand complex. MMPBSA calculations demonstrated the stability and feasibility of the complex with binding free energy changes of -29.06±6.06 and -23.58±8.80 kcal/mol for compounds NAS03 and NAS04, respectively. The ADMET prediction suggested the drug-likeness of the compounds compared with that of the standard drugs. The results could be used in proposing the antidiabetic potential of the two compounds from the plant as a potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments on such compounds could be a more reliable path to validate the output of this computational research.
Unlinking Linked Fate: The Push and Pull Factors of Group Consciousness
Authors: Kim Jae Yeon , Cho Joan , Kim DG , Lee Taeku
Published: July 2024

Scholars have long debated the association between the marginalized status of Asian Americans and their group consciousness. We propose that the perceived discrimination effect depends on situational cues, which we define as push and pull factors. Based on a pre-registered survey experiment on Asian Americans (n = 2,000), we find conditional perceived discrimination effects. Priming anti-Asian hate crimes "pushes" up Asian Americans’ expressed linked fate. This boost, however, is "pulled" back down when the hate crime news story is combined with exposure to an FBI report on threats from China. When the hate crime news story is combined with a message on Asian American political under-representation, we find no additional boost to Asian Americans' linked fate orientation. In additional analyses of open-ended responses, 49% of respondents believed that Asian Americans would fail to unite due to their internal diversity, lack of political agency, and lack of outside support.
The molecular mechanism responsible for HbSC retinopathy may depend on the action of the angiogenesis-related genes ROBO1 and SLC38A5
Authors: da Silva Costa Sueli Matilde , Ito Mirta Tomie , da Cruz Pedro Rodrigues Sousa , De Souza Bruno Batista , Rios Vinicius Mandolesi , Bertozzo Victor de Haidar e , Camargo Ana Carolina Lima , Viturino Marina Gonçalves Monteiro , Lanaro Carolina , de Albuquerque Dulcinéia Martins , do Canto Amanda Morato , Saad Sara Teresinha Olalla , Ospina-Prieto Stephanie , Ozelo Margareth Castro , Costa Fernando Ferreira , de Melo Mônica Barbosa
Published: July 2024

HbSC disease, a less severe form of sickle cell disease, affects the retina more frequently and patients have higher rates of proliferative retinopathy that can progress to vision loss. This study aimed to identify differences in the expression of endothelial cell-derived molecules associated with the pathophysiology of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSCR). RNAseq was used to compare the gene expression profile of circulating endothelial colony-forming cells from patients with SC hemoglobinopathy and proliferative retinopathy (n = 5), versus SC patients without retinopathy (n = 3). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the RNAseq results. A total of 134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. DEGs were mainly associated with vasodilatation, type I interferon signaling, innate immunity and angiogenesis. Among the DEGs identified, we highlight the most up-regulated genes ROBO1 (log2FoldChange = 4.32, FDR = 1.35E-11) and SLC38A5 (log2FoldChange = 3.36 FDR = 1.59E-07). ROBO1, an axon-guided receptor, promotes endothelial cell migration and contributes to the development of retinal angiogenesis and pathological ocular neovascularization. Endothelial SLC38A5, an amino acid (AA) transporter, regulates developmental and pathological retinal angiogenesis by controlling the uptake of AA nutrient, which may serve as metabolic fuel for the proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and consequent promotion of angiogenesis. Our data provide an important step towards elucidating the molecular pathophysiology of PSCR that may explain the differences in ocular manifestations between individuals with hemoglobinopathies and afford insights for new alternative strategies to inhibit pathological angiogenesis.
Qualitative properties of solutions to a nonlinear transmission problem for an elastic Bresse beam
Authors: Fastovska Tamara , Langemann Dirk , Ryzhkova Iryna
Published: July 2024

We consider a nonlinear transmission problem for a Bresse beam, which consists of two parts, damped and undamped. The mechanical damping in the damping part is present in the shear angle equation only, and the damped part may be of arbitrary positive length. We prove the well-posedness of the corresponding system in energy space and establish the existence of a regular global attractor under certain conditions on the nonlinearities and coefficients of the damped part only. Besides, we study the singular limits of the problem under consideration when curvature tends to zero, or curvature tends to zero, and simultaneously shear moduli tend to infinity and perform numerical modeling for these processes.
Dynamic RIS partitioning in NOMA systems using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Gevez Yarkin , Tek Yusuf Islam , Basar Ertugrul
Published: July 2024

The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies necessitates innovative solutions to meet the increasing performance requirements of future networks, particularly in terms of spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and computational efficiency. Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) are emerging as promising technologies to enhance wireless communication systems. This paper explores the dynamic partitioning of RIS elements in NOMA systems using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to optimize resource allocation and overall system performance. We propose a novel DRL-based framework that dynamically adjusts the partitioning of RIS elements to maximize the achievable sum rate and ensure fair resource distribution among users. Our architecture leverages the flexibility of RIS to create an intelligent radio environment, while NOMA enhances spectral efficiency. The DRL model is trained online, adapting to real-time changes in the communication environment. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach closely approximates the performance of the optimal iterative algorithm (exhaustive search) while reducing computational time by up to 90 percent. Furthermore, our method eliminates the need for an offline training phase, providing a significant advantage in dynamic environments by removing the requirement for retraining with every environmental change. These findings highlight the potential of DRL-based dynamic partitioning as a viable solution for optimizing RIS-aided NOMA systems in future wireless networks.
Screening biotoxin aptamer and their application of optical aptasensor in food stuff: a review
Authors: Sun Jiefang , Zhang Meng , Gao Qianlong , Shao Bing
Published: July 2024

Biotoxins are ranges of toxic substances produced by animals, plants, and microorganisms, which could contaminate foods during their production, processing, transportation, or storage, thus leading to foodborne illness, even food terrorism. Therefore, proposing simple, rapid, and effective detection methods for ensuring food free from biotoxin contamination shows a highly realistic demand. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides obtained from the systematic evolution of ligands by performing exponential enrichment (SELEX). They can specifically bind to wide ranges of targets with high affinity; thus, they have become important recognizing units in safety monitoring in food control and anti-terrorism. In this paper, we reviewed the technical points and difficulties of typical aptamer screening processes for biotoxins. For promoting the understanding of food control in the food supply chain, the latest progresses in rapid optical detection of biotoxins based on aptamers were summarized. In the end, we outlined some challenges and prospects in this field. We hope this paper could stimulate widespread interest in developing advanced sensing systems for ensuring food safety.
The predictive value of peripheral blood cell mitochondrial gene expression in identifying the prognosis in pediatric sepsis at preschool age
Authors: Jing Siyuan , Zhang Yue , Zhao Wanling , Li Yifei , Wen Yan
Published: July 2024

Background

Sepsis represents a severe manifestation of infection often accompanied by metabolic disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and the expression of specific mitochondrial genes have emerged as sensitive indicators of mitochondrial function. To investigate the utility of mitochondrial gene expression in peripheral blood cells for distinguishing severe infections and predicting associated outcomes, we conducted a prospective cohort study.

Methods

We established a prospective cohort comprising 74 patients with non-sepsis pneumonia and 67 cases of sepsis induced by respiratory infections, aging from 2 to 6 years old. We documented corresponding clinical data and laboratory information and collected blood samples upon initial hospital admission. Peripheral blood cells were promptly isolated, and both total DNA and RNA were extracted. We utilized absolute quantification PCR to assess mtDNA-CN, as well as the expression levels of mt-CO1, mt-ND1, and mt-ATP6. Subsequently, we extended these comparisons to include survivors and non-survivors among patients with sepsis using univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic potential.

Results

The mtDNA-CN in peripheral blood cells was significantly lower in the sepsis group. Univariate analysis revealed a significant reduction in the expression of mt-CO1, mt-ND1, and mt-ATP6 in patients with sepsis. However, multivariate analysis did not support the use of mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells for sepsis diagnosis. In the comparison between pediatric sepsis survivors and non-survivors, univariate analysis indicated a substantial reduction in the expression of mt-CO1, mt-ND1, and mt-ATP6 among non-survivors. Notably, total bilirubin (TB), mt-CO1, mt-ND1, and mt-ATP6 levels were identified as independent risk factors for sepsis-induced mortality. ROC curves were then established for these independent risk factors, revealing areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.753 for TB (95% CI 0.596–0.910), 0.870 for mt-CO1 (95% CI 0.775–0.965), 0.987 for mt-ND1 (95% CI 0.964–1.000), and 0.877 for mt-ATP6 (95% CI 0.793–0.962).

Conclusion

MtDNA-CN and mitochondrial gene expression are closely linked to the severity and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases. Severe infections lead to impaired mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells. Notably, when compared to other laboratory parameters, the expression levels of mt-CO1, mt-ND1, and mt-ATP6 demonstrate promising potential for assessing the prognosis of pediatric sepsis.
Flexible encoding of multiple task dimensions in human cerebral cortex
Authors: Tamber-Rosenau Benjamin J. , Newton Allen T. , Marois René
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cognitive models have proposed that behavioral tasks can be categorized along at least three dimensions: the sensory-motor modality of the information, its representational format (e.g., location vs. identity), and the cognitive processes that transform it (e.g., response selection). Moreover, we can quickly and flexibly encode, represent, or manipulate information along any of these dimensions. How is this flexibility in encoding such information implemented in the cerebral cortex?

Methods

To address this question, we devised a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments in each of which participants performed two distinct tasks that differed along one of the three dimensions.

Results

Using multivariate pattern analysis of the fMRI data, we were able to decode between tasks along at least one task dimension within each of the cortical regions activated by these tasks. Moreover, the multiple demand network, a system of brain regions previously associated with flexible task encoding, was largely composed of closely juxtaposed sets of voxels that were specialized along each of the three tested task dimensions.

Discussion

These results suggest that flexible task encoding is primarily achieved by the juxtaposition of specialized representations processing each task dimension in the multiple demand network.
Case Report: Allograft aortic valve replacement in irreparable infant mitral valve
Authors: Niu Yuqing , Cheng Shaoxian , Dong Nianguo , Zhou Cheng
Published: July 2024

This case report describes a 3-month-old male infant diagnosed with severe mitral stenosis (MS) and mitral regurgitation (MR) by transthoracic echocardiography. The male infant initially underwent complex mitral valve repair surgery. However, postoperative deterioration occurred with hemodynamic instability and shock, necessitating multiple resuscitation efforts and ultimately requiring support from Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). Given the serious conditions, the cardiac team decided to perform mitral valve replacement with a fresh allograft aortic valve. Postoperatively, the patient was promptly weaned off ECMO support, and the valve demonstrated sustained functionality throughout the long-term follow-up.
Friends, followers, peers, and posts: adolescents' in-person and online friendship networks and social media use influences on friendship closeness via the importance of technology for social connection
Authors: Al-Jbouri Elizabeth , Volk Anthony A. , Spadafora Natalie , Andrews Naomi C. Z.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

With the proliferation of smartphones, social media access and use is ubiquitous. As such, many adolescent friendships now comprise both in-person and online contexts. Our paper explores the relationship between these contexts in two parts: the first is an exploratory comparison of in-person and online friendship networks with peers at school using descriptive social network analysis; the second, an investigation of how the use of different social media platforms relates to the importance placed on social media for connectedness and friendship closeness.

Methods

Participants were 547 adolescents (M = 15.25 years, 52% male, 55% white) from six schools in Southern Ontario, Canada. Participants completed a peer nomination survey on their relationships with peers at school and a self-report survey on social media use.

Results

While in-person and online networks are largely overlapping, there are important differences between the two. Results from the path analyses suggest that length of cell phone usage, Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube were positively associated with the importance placed on technology for social connection and that this importance was also positively associated with feelings of friendship closeness. Daily cell phone usage, Instagram, and Snapchat use were positively indirectly associated with friendship closeness through the importance of technology for social connection.

Discussion

Our findings also suggest slight gender differences, with daily time spent on a smartphone only significantly positively associated with the importance of technology for social connection for girls. Implications for future study are discussed.
Impact of teaching quality on student achievement: student evidence
Authors: Engida Mengistu Anagaw , Iyasu Ashagrie Sharew , Fentie Yalemwork Mossu
Published: July 2024

Studies indicate that students who have access to highly qualified teachers tend to achieve at a higher rate, regardless of other factors. However, the essence of quality teaching and teacher quality has not been adequately established in these studies. Nonetheless, recent developments favoring integrations have led to three lines of teaching quality research: professional standards, value-added measures, and student evaluations. This study explores how the quality of mathematics and English language teachers is associated with students' achievement using a professional standard observation tool for student evaluation. A representative multistage sample of students and teachers selected from high schools in the East Gojjam Administrative Zone participated in the study. By using the domains in the Framework for Teaching (FfT) as indicators of teaching quality, the study identified the indicators that are associated with the academic achievement of students in mathematics and English subjects. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the relationships between the independent variables (teachers' quality indicators) and the dependent variable (students' grade 10 exam scores). Of the four domains of FfT, the delivery of instruction revealed a positive and significant association (sig = 016) with students' scores in the English language. The delivery of instruction encompasses communicating with students, using questioning and discussion techniques, and demonstrating flexibility and responsiveness, which are positively associated with students' scores in the English language. Conversely, managing classroom procedures was the only subdomain associated (sig = 014) with an increase in students' mathematics scores. Accordingly, suggestions are made for further research and practice.