bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da implementação da Lei nº 13.303/16 de governança corporativa
Authors: Cunha Priscila da Silva , Cunha Thiago Nery da , Silva José Marconde Souza da
Published: May 2023

Pesquisas sobre governança corporativa no âmbito das empresas estatais revelam-se pertinentes pela importância dessas empresas para toda sociedade, assim como dificuldades à governança que permeiam as empresas sob a gestão pública, considerando questões administrativas, jurídicas e econômicas que envolvem os propósitos das políticas públicas nas quais estão inseridas. O advento da Lei n° 13.303/16 busca disciplinar a política da governança nas empresas públicas e sociedades de economia mista que exploram atividade econômica nos âmbitos federal, estadual e municipal, definindo mecanismos de governança de observância obrigatória pelas estatais objetivando melhorar resultados e aprimorar o desempenho organizacional.  O presente estudo parte da discussão acerca do estágio da implementação de políticas públicas em suas diferentes perspectivas, conforme as pesquisas em suas três gerações, bem como, nos resultados, analisando a efetiva implementação da Lei das Estatais e sua relação com o aperfeiçoamento dos mecanismos de governança corporativa, com o objetivo de acompanhar a performance da governança nas empresas estatais federais, assim como mensurar o implemento das disposições exigidas pela Lei n° 13.303/16. Caracteriza-se como um estudo documental qualitativo partindo da revisão bibliográfica em trabalhos científicos nacionais e internacionais publicados em bases de dados digitais que reúnem artigos científicos, teses e dissertações, e em documentos oficiais publicados em canais de transparência pública governamental. Os documentos foram analisados utilizando o método da Análise de Conteúdo (AC) obedecendo as etapas propostas por Bardin (2006), e compreendeu, em primeiro lugar uma pré-análise, em seguida, a exploração do material e finalmente, o tratamento dos resultados, a inferência e a interpretação a partir de dados coletados em publicações em sítios oficiais do Indicador de Governança Estatal – IGSEST, de domínio público no Brasil contextualizados na análise dos resultados.
Tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação e Covid-19: impactos e possibilidades no ensino superior híbrido
Authors: Machado Júnior Eliseu Vieira , Santos Steffany Paula Morais dos , Oliveira Márcya Cristina Gomes de
Published: May 2023

O mundo foi atingido de forma abrupta em 2020 pela pandemia da Covid-19, o que ocasionou um cenário inédito na educação brasileira superior com a adoção do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). O presente artigo buscou identificar as principais ferramentas de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDICs), que foram utilizadas a fim de auxiliar as aulas remotas e híbridas durante a crise epidemiológica na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), além de apresentar dados, os quais demonstrem os impactos iniciais desse modelo no ensino e aprendizagem. A metodologia empregada é a análise bibliográfica e documental, por meio da verificação de artigos recentes e documentos institucionais da UFG. Após a análise dos resultados, constatou-se o uso de quatro plataformas principais para mediar as atividades acadêmicas online na UFG, sendo possível verificar pontos, tais como: o aumento no índice de aprovação em disciplinas por semestre (ponto positivo) e o aumento no número de trancamentos de matrícula (ponto negativo). Destaca-se que a pandemia da Covid-19 acelerou um processo que estava sendo postergado durante anos na educação brasileira, assim, acredita-se que há possibilidades de ensino híbrido na educação superior, sendo, dessa forma, necessária a análise de tais plataformas para verificar sua viabilidade e possíveis melhorias.
Programa de apoio a planos de reestruturação e expansão das Universidades federais, REUNI: análise do programa
Authors: Santos Miria Aparecida do Espirito Santo e , Paz Lídia Ferreira Mariano da , Silva Gustavo Melo , Bertassi André Luiz
Published: May 2023

Com início em 2008, o REUNI foi um dos programas de governo que visava ampliar o acesso à educação superior, resultado das reivindicações da sociedade civil por melhores condições. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar o programa REUNI a partir de indicadores quantitativos comparando antes da implantação do REUNI com os anos posteriores ao início do programa. Para isso, foram levantados indicadores como números de vagas, de ingressantes de matriculados, de concluintes, de professores, de técnicos e de cursos ao longo dos anos para uma análise comparativa. Os resultados mostraram uma melhora no que diz respeito aos indicadores buscados. Vale ressaltar que os dados levantados não apresentam uma metodologia de como foram tratados.
Desempenho judiciário brasileiro: a eficiência de tribunais estaduais utilizando o método DEA
Authors: Souza André Camilo Coelho da Silva e , Pioli Polyane Casagrande Araujo , Melo Carla Verônica Leal de , Ferreira Ideomildo da Silva , Lima Filho Raimundo Nonato
Published: May 2023

O contexto atual de impactos financeiros e sociais agravados pela pandemia de covid-19 trouxe desafios a gestão da Administração Pública, evidenciando a importância da mensuração do desempenho através de indicadores. Sendo a prestação jurisdicional atividade essencial e fundamental na efetivação do direito de acesso à justiça, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficiência dos Tribunais de Justiça Estaduais Brasileiros, comparativamente, entre 2019 e 2020. A pesquisa é empírica e quantitativa, com utilização da técnica de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), modelo CCR orientado para outputs. Os dados foram extraídos da publicação Justiça em Números elaborada pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Verificou-se que os Tribunais de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo foram consideradas os mais eficientes em 2019, com permanência como benchmark em 2020 apenas o primeiro. Os resultados sugerem, à luz das variáveis escolhidas, que a pandemia repercutiu negativamente no desempenho da maioria dos tribunais representado pelas quedas dos níveis de eficiência. O aumento na quantidade de pessoal e a diminuição do ajuizamento de novas ações tiveram efeito positivo sobre a eficiência; já a maior despesa total, um efeito negativo. Por fim, o maior cálculo de produtividade dos magistrados não apontou necessariamente maior grau de eficiência.
Evasão nas engenharias: um estudo a partir da visão dos acadêmicos de uma IFES
Authors: Silva Sildemar Albertini da , Oliveira Oséias Santos de
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento acerca dos principais fatores que contribuíram para a decisão de abandonar o curso de graduação em quatro cursos de Engenharia na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Campus Campo Mourão. Para isso, a pesquisa foi estruturada a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo elaborada na forma de uma pesquisa descritiva e pautada em um estudo de caso. A coleta de dados se deu a partir de documentos institucionais e da aplicação de questionários online aos estudantes evadidos dos cursos em análise. Com as informações coletadas junto aos sujeitos da pesquisa foi possível identificar os principais fatores que foram mais relevantes para a decisão de evadir desses alunos. Como resultados, observou-se que os fatores relacionados com as características individuais do estudante, em especial a descoberta de novos interesses profissionais, desencanto e desmotivação com o curso e escolha precoce da profissão, bem como fatores relacionados às dificuldades financeiras, falta de oportunidades de trabalho e dificuldade em conciliar o trabalho com os estudos, além de fatores relacionados ao currículo e à gestão dos cursos se apresentam como fatores bastante relevantes na decisão de evadir dos alunos participantes da pesquisa, evidenciando a importância de uma participação mais ativa das Instituições de Ensino Superior no monitoramento, controle e prevenção da evasão.
El papel protagonista de la economía circular en el panorama empresarial brasileño
Authors: Pimenta Clayson Cosme da Costa
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar el papel que tiene la Economía Circular en la economía brasileña. Partiendo del paradigma que propugna la Economía Circular, que se define previamente al análisis específico de la Economía Circular en Brasil, se examina la hipótesis de que dicho enfoque, dentro de la teoría de la economía sostenible, permita hacer frente a algunos de los retos, desafíos y problemas más relevantes que afronta actualmente la economía de la nación latinoamericana. Se han utilizado los estudios que problematizan la cuestión de la Economía Circular en Brasil y el resto del mundo. Se utiliza la revisión bibliográfica sistemática para la recopilación de la información. El trabajo permite concluir que la Economía Circular ha avanzado considerablemente a lo largo de los últimos años en Brasil, si bien de un modo incipiente, pues son muchas aún las barreras por superar; además, la Economía Circular se va erigiendo como una alternativa no solo social y medioambiental, sino también en términos de eficiencia y competitividad, en lo que cobra un protagonismo creciente la sociedad civil brasileña.
A contabilização dos criptoativos de propriedade de pessoas físicas ou jurídicas domiciliadas no Brasil
Authors: Hermanns Bianca Escarban , Petri Sérgio Murilo
Published: May 2023

Os criptoativos são uma representação digital de valor, sendo a criptomoeda bitcoin o mais conhecido. O diferencial é que podem ser transferidos, comprados e vendidos sem a necessidade de intermediação, autenticação e verificação por uma terceira parte utilizando-se de tecnologia da criptografia. Tais bens estão cada vez mais populares e suscitam dúvidas sobre sua contabilização pela ausência de lei regulatória sobre o tema no Brasil. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho consiste em identificar de que forma deve ser realizada a contabilização de criptoativos de propriedade de pessoas físicas ou jurídicas domiciliadas no Brasil, com base na bibliografia atualizada, com o intuito de auxiliar os responsáveis pelas demonstrações financeiras e pelas pessoas físicas. Esta pesquisa qualifica-se quanto à natureza como uma pesquisa aplicada, com objetivo de pesquisa exploratória e com procedimento de levantamento bibliográfico. Apresentam-se os conceitos de criptoativo e blockchain e contextualiza-se sua utilização no mundo e no Brasil. Verificam-se quais são as obrigações existentes para os proprietários de criptoativos, pessoas físicas ou jurídicas, domiciliados no Brasil. Por fim, demonstra-se como deve ser realizada a contabilização dos criptoativos no Brasil com base nas normas e orientações disponíveis. Denota-se, como resultado da pesquisa, que os criptoativos devem ser classificados contabilmente como um ativo, parte do patrimônio da pessoa jurídica, de acordo com o modelo de negócio da entidade, bem como deve ser declarado pela pessoa física que as possui em sua Declaração de Ajuste Anual do Imposto de Renda Pessoa Física como "Bens e Direitos".
Dynamical relaxation and stress relaxation of Zr-based metallic glass
Authors: Huang Bei-Bei , Hao Qi , Lyu Guo-Jian , Qiao Ji-Chao ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: May 2023

The relationship among dynamic relaxation, deformation and microstructural heterogeneity of amorphous alloy is one of the important research contents in the field of amorphous physics. In this paper, we utilize Zr48(Cu5/6Ag1/6)44Al8 bulk amorphous alloy with excellent glass forming capability and good thermal stability as a research carrier, and investigate the effects of temperature and structural relaxation on dynamic relaxation and deformation behavior through dynamic mechanical analysis and stress relaxation experiments. The results show that the dynamic relaxation spectrum of the model alloy is sensitive to temperature, showing four stages as the temperature increases, namely, iso configuration, aging, glass transition and crystallization. Based on the isothermal measurement of dynamic mechanical parameters under the glass transition temperature, the structural relaxation causes the amorphous alloy to migrate from the non-equilibrium high energy state to the low energy state, and the evolution of internal friction with aging time can be described by Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) stretched exponential function. In addition, based on the KWW equation and activation energy spectrum, the activation of heterogeneous structure in the stress relaxation process of model alloy is analyzed, which involves the transformation from elastic deformation to nonelastic deformation. Owing to the microstructural heterogeneity and energy fluctuations in amorphous alloys, the activation of deformation units is not a single characteristic time, but follows a certain distribution. By considering that the characteristic time distribution of activation of deformation units is symmetric Gauss distribution or asymmetric Gumbel distribution on a logarithmic time scale, the heterogeneous activation process in stress relaxation response can be reconstructed.
Fringe visibility in X-ray interferometer using dual triangular phase gratings
Authors: Chen Zi-Han , Song Meng-Qi , Chen Heng , Wang Zhi-Li ,   School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the X-ray interferometer using dual phase gratings has been extensively studied. The large periodic fringes produced by the X-ray interferometer using dual phase gratings can be directly detected by ordinary detectors. At the same time, the X-ray interferometer using dual phase gratings can reduce the radiation dose of the sample without using absorption gratings. Meanwhile, a high fringe visibility is always preferred to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio for X-ray grating interferometry. However, recent studies have reported that experimental fringe visibility in X-ray interferometer using dual rectangular phase gratings is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the fringe visibility in X-ray interferometry using dual phase gratings. This work focuses on the analysis of fringe visibility in X-ray interferometer using dual triangular phase gratings. Based on the fringe intensity distribution formula of X-ray dual phase grating interferometer, the fringe visibility of the dual triangular phase grating interferometer is investigated as a function of the grating spacing under monochromatic and polychromatic illumination, respectively. For comparison, the fringe visibility of the dual rectangular phase grating interferometer is also studied under the same condition. The results show that the maximum fringe visibility of the dual triangular phase grating interferometer increases with the phase shift increasing regardless of monochromatic or polychromatic illumination. Under monochromatic illumination, the maximum fringe visibility of dual 5π/2 triangular phase gratings is about 21% higher than that of dual rectangular phase gratings. Under polychromatic illumination, the fringe visibility of dual 5π/2 triangular phase gratings is at least 23% higher than that of dual rectangular phase gratings. Under polychromatic illumination, the greater the deviation of X-ray average energy from the grating design energy, the greater the decrease of maximum fringe visibility of the dual phase grating interferometer is. In addition, with the increase of the focal size of X-ray source, the maximum fringe visibility of the dual phase grating interferometer decreases, under polychromatic illumination. We hope that those results can be used as guidelines for designing and optimizing X-ray interferometer using dual triangular phase gratings.
Leder, Trøstens betydning i helsevesenets rom
Authors: Kitzmüller Gabriele , Clancy Anne
Published: May 2023

Dette temanummeret i Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning belyser trøst som fenomen sett i et helsefaglig perspektiv. Forskningsgruppen Liv og livsmot ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet, Institutt for helse- og omsorgsfag tok initiativet til dette temanummeret i 2020, og utgivelsen ble realisert i nært samarbeid med Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning i 2023. Temanummeret består av en innledende tekst og åtte bidrag, de fleste i essayistisk form, som hovedsakelig er skrevet av forskere tilknyttet forskningsgruppen Liv og livsmot. Det at form og innhold på hvert bidrag er forskjellig gjør at både forfatterne og leserne får en ny forståelse av hvordan trøst kan komme til uttrykk i ulike kontekster. Trøstens eksistensielle betydning granskes i mellommenneskelige møter som finner sted i våre private rom, i naturen, i ulike livsfaser og i helsevesenets mange arenaer. Fenomenet trøst belyses med utgangspunkt i forfatternes livserfaringer og opplevelser som profesjonelle omsorgsgivere. Ulike filosofiske og teoretiske rammeverk sammen med resultater fra forskning rundt fenomenet trøst, gjør det tydelig hvilken betydning den har for vårt liv og livsmot.
Medlemmene i forskningsgruppen Liv og livsmot vil gjerne takke sjefredaktør i Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning, Jorunn Bjerkan, støtteteamet i UiTs publiseringstjeneste Septentrio Academic Publishing, og alle involverte fagredaktører og fagfeller for deres arbeid med våre bidrag. 
 
God lesning!
Mercado interno brasileiro de carne bovina (2011-2019)
Authors: Fernandes Thaina Foltran , Dos Santos Prof. Dr. Jeronimo Alves , Marjotta-Maistro Marta Cristina , Montebello Adriana Estela Sanjuan
Published: May 2023

Este artigo teve como objetivo geral analisar a margem de preços e o principal fator que influencia na diferença de preços. Como objetivo específico foi analisado a correlação entre os preços e identificado a elasticidade de preços entre os estados produtores e consumidores de carne bovina. Foram utilizados dados de preços (período de 2011 a 2019) coletados na base de dados da Agrolink. Como resultado, identificou se que o estado de Minas Gerais foi o que apresentou a maior alta de preços e a maior intervenção nos estados ofertantes com as maiores elasticidades estimadas encontradas. Os meses de preços elevados foram de novembro a dezembro e os menores preços encontrados nos meses de maio a agosto. O estado de Goiás foi o que apresentou a maior convergência e a menor interferência de preços para os estados demandantes. Todos os estados apresentaram correlação positiva forte entre os preços. Conclui-se que existem interferências entre os estados considerados por esta pesquisa como ofertantes e demandantes.
Cadeia produtiva de leite no Brasil: competitividade, sustentabilidade e políticas públicas
Authors: Gonçalves Letícia Marconato , Montebello Adriana Estela Sanjuan , Dos Santos Jeronimo Alves
Published: May 2023

A cadeia produtiva de leite contribui significativamente para a economia brasileira, fato explicado pelo notável número de agentes que são abrangidos pela sua produção, industrialização e distribuição. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivos analisar a competitividade dessa cadeia no Brasil, verificar quais ações estão sendo realizadas no sentido de interligar sustentabilidade econômica e ambiental, bem como averiguar as políticas públicas de incremento à competitividade da mesma. Tais escopos justificam-se pela relevância econômica desta cadeia no Brasil e concomitante heterogeneidade do setor, que oferece inúmeras oportunidades. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas estruturadas, sendo estas avaliadas através de análise SWOT. A partir das entrevistas, foi possível identificar as principais forças, fraquezas, oportunidades e ameaças da cadeia de produção de leite no Brasil, sendo estes fatores que afetam diretamente a competitividade da cadeia. Observou-se que as principais políticas públicas voltadas ao setor são o Plano de Qualificação de Fornecedores de Leite (PQFL), o Programa Mais Leite Saudável e o Programa Nacional de Qualidade do Leite (PNQL). Além disso, foi possível identificar as principais ações com foco na sustentabilidade ambiental realizadas pelos produtores de leite brasileiros em seus estabelecimentos.
Perspectivas e possibilidades do ensino híbrido na educação superior no contexto pós-pandemia Covid-19 no Brasil
Authors: Silva Luan Carlos Santos , Lima Valdimeire de Oliveira , Caldeira Rebeca Teles , Zaparoli Dilene , Pessoa Débora Luana Ribeiro
Published: May 2023

As tecnologias digitais assumiram um papel importante durante a pandemia da Covid-19, possibilitando acesso as informações de forma segura. O presente estudo consistiu em analisar as estratégias para adoção de tecnologias digitais da educação no retorno às aulas em cursos presenciais de graduação. A metodologia constituiu como aplicada e exploratória, e sua abordagem é qualitativa. Foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, compondo onze perguntas. Foram selecionados para responder os questionários, professores de cursos presenciais de graduação de universidades públicas e privadas, que passaram pelo regime remoto emergencial no período entre 2020 e 2021. Por meio da pesquisa, observou-se que a maioria dos docentes (97,8%) pretendem fazer adoção de uso de tecnologias digitais da educação em retornar para suas aulas presenciais, isso aponta um hibridismo no processo de ensino, uma vez que possibilita estas tecnologias tanto na hora a distância como presencial.
Performance de empresas agroindustriais na bacia leiteira do Triângulo Mineiro e suas ações empreendedoras e inovativas
Authors: Da Silva Fábio Henrique Batista , Da Silva Edson Arlindo , De Oliveira Neto Odilon José , Rosalem Vagner
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo busca expor os procedimentos da Orientação Empreendedora de Base Tecnológica (OEBT) aplicados em empresas agroindustriais do setor lácteo que atuam na região do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro. Nesse contexto, a OEBT foi fundamentada por meio de suas dimensões norteadoras, a saber: Assunção de Riscos, Competitividade Agressiva; Cultura Inovadora e Proatividade que foram associadas ao desempenho das empresas agroindustriais do setor lácteo presentes na região pesquisada. Em termos de desenvolvimento econômico regional, a região do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro – tendo o munícipio de Ituiutaba-MG como polo – vem apresentando desde o final da década de 1970 desempenho significativo, onde a produção leiteira apresentou um crescimento de 158% no período investigado (década de 1980 a atual). Salienta-se que o salto de crescimento a partir de 1980 está relacionado à chegada da unidade processadora de leite da Nestlé-Ninho, a qual nesse período já havia iniciado suas operações produtivas. O município de Ituiutaba conta também com mais duas importantes agroindústrias do setor lácteo, a saber, Fazendeira-Baduy, fundada em 1938 e o Laticínio Canto de Minas, que operacionaliza sua produção desde 1994, as quais também são responsáveis pelo aumento dessa produção. Conclui-se que a OEBT pode influenciar positivamente a performance de empresas agroindustriais, particularmente as inseridas na dinâmica da Bacia Leiteira da Microrregião do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro.
Effect of Deep Breathing Exercise using Smartwatch on Behaviour, Anxiety and Pain in Children during Buccal Infiltration Anaesthesia-A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Yendodu Varshitha , Nirmala SVSG , Nuvvula Sivakumar
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Despite the newer innovation and recent technological advances in modern dentistry, fear and anxiety constitute an important theme in dentistry. They are a usual reaction to stressful conditions that help children while staying alert in situations of an impending threat. Aim: To evaluate the effect of deep breathing exercise in reducing dental anxiety, behaviour and pain using smartwatch during maxillary buccal infiltration in children aged 7-11 years. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional and single-blinded randomised clinical trial conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NDCH, Nellore, Andhra pradesh, India, from November 2019 to October 2020. A total of 70 children of age between 7-11 years. They were randomly allocated into two groups, 35 in each. Children in group I were trained for deep breathing exercise using smartwatch and group II (control group) was traditional tell show do technique. The reaction of children during maxillary buccal infiltration anaesthesia was recorded in terms of behaviour (Frankl behaviour rating scale), anxiety {Facial Image Scale (FIS) and pulse rate}, and pain perception (Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale and face, leg, activity, cry and consolability scale). Data was tabulated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Kruskal-Wallis for data distribution. Independent Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test (Quantitative variables) and Chisquare test or Mann-Whitney test (Qualitative variables) were used to test statistical significance using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: The mean age of children in smartwatch group was 8.9±1.4 years and in control group was 8.9±1.6 years with no statistical significant difference. Statistically significant decrease in pulse rate was observed in smartwatch group (p=0.003), subjective anxiety and pain was lowered in intervention group. Objective pain was decreased significantly in smartwatch group (p=0.007). Conclusion: Children performing deep breathing exercise using smartwatch had efficiency to reduce dental anxiety and pain perceived during maxillary buccal infiltration anaesthesia.
Comparison of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid versus Combined Intravenous and Local Infiltration of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Perioperative Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Primary Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Rao T Sita , Yadav Monu , Kar Akhya Kumar , Padmaja D
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The use of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in primary unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is well documented. However, considering the potential side effects including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, the ideal route of administration of TXA to patients undergoing THA is still not known. Aim: To compare the efficacy of single dose intravenous (i.v.) TXA administration versus combined intravenous and local infiltration of TXA in reducing the perioperative blood loss in primary unilateral THA patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomised clinical study, was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, between October 2020 to May 2021. 60 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the combined group C (i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg of TXA combined with local infiltration of 600 mg TXA diluted to 60 mL with normal saline) and the single i.v. group S (i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg of TXA). The perioperative blood loss was calculated in terms of three variables- intraoperative blood loss, drainage blood loss and total blood loss. The number of postoperative blood transfusions noted. Student’s t-test and Fischer’s-exact tests were applied for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients scheduled to have primary unilateral THA. Both the groups were similar in demographic features, baseline biochemical values and procedural distribution. There was a statistically significant reduction in the (mean±SD) intraoperative blood loss (697.26±221.43 mL), drain blood volume (254.66±81.36 mL) and total blood loss (952.26±263.57 mL) in the combined group C when compared to the single group S. There was no statistically significant difference (p-value=0.671) in the postoperative blood transfusion rate between the two groups. Conclusion: Intravenous combined with local infiltration of TXA significantly reduced the perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing primary unilateral THA when compared to single dose intravenous administration of TXA.
Early Exposure vs Delayed Exposure of Postoperative Wounds in Elective Inguinal Hernia Surgery: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ashok Athul , Varghese Sandeep Abraham
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Wounds and their management are fundamental aspects of the practice of surgery. A closed wound that heals in a timely fashion is considered to be a good indicator of surgical intervention. Many experimental studies have shown that precisely sutured incision with good haemostasis gets sealed with fibrin within 6 to 24 hours and the wound becomes adequately protected from outside moisture. Hence, early exposure to clean surgical wounds would be a cost-effective measure, especially in a resource-poor country like ours by avoiding unnecessary dressings for a long period of time. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of early exposure (24 hours) and delayed exposure (72 hours) in wound management after elective inguinal hernia surgery. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery of Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India from September 2020 to August 2021. All elective cases (n=200) posted for inguinal hernia of age more than 18 years were consecutively allocated to two groups, group A early exposure of surgical wound site and group B delayed exposure. The wound site examination, on the third day along with white blood cell count was assessed. Wound site examination on 7th day and 30th postoperative day and length of hospital day were recorded. Southampton wound grading system was used for recording healing parameters. All data was described using means for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables Chi-square test was used for categorical variables with significance level at p<0.05. Results: Out of the 200 patients studied, 92 (92%) were males in group A and 94 (94%) of them were males in group B. The wound contamination in those patients where postoperative dressing was removed after 24 hours (group A) and 72 hours (group B), it was found that majority of patients had wound Grade-0 irrespective of dressing i.e., 96% and 97%, respectively (p-value=0.395) with reference to wound condition on postoperative day 7. In group A patients had (96 cases in 0-10 days) compared to group B (97 cases in 0-10 days) although statistically, it was not significant (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: There is not much difference in wound healing and incidence of surgical site infection in patients, whose wounds were kept open 24 hours after surgery when compared to those, whose wounds were dressed daily for the next two days consecutively.
Chromobacterium violaceum Related Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Jamir Imola , Shanmugam Lakshmi , Karuppiah Gopinath , Viswanathan Stalin , Mandal Jharna
Published: May 2023

Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) is a motile, gram-negative bacilli found in water and moist soil. Infections due to C. violaceum are uncommon but have a significant mortality rate (upto 80%) due to their tendency for haematogenous dissemination resulting in sepsis. The organism has been reported to cause skin and soft tissue infections, diarrhoea, bacteremia, and visceral abscess; Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is rarely seen. Here, a 41-year-old male diabetic who presented with fever, altered sensorium and burning micturition caused by C.violaceum is presented. Initial investigations revealed an increased Random Blood Sugar (RBS) level, high anion gap metabolic acidosis with normal renal and liver function (except for hypoalbuminemia). Diabetic ketoacidosis, probable meningitis and urosepsis were considered as differential diagnosis. On culture of urine sample, C. violaceum was isolated which was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested except amikacin. Blood culture was reported as sterile. Patient was successfully treated with susceptible antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) and repeat culture of urine was also sterile. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment is necessary to reduce the risk of progression to fatal infection.
Remineralisation of Enamel using Natural and Plant Products: A Narrative Review
Authors: Girish Madarahalli Shankarguru , Chandrashekhar Byalakare Rudraiah , Venkatesh MP , Indira MD , Shylaja KC
Published: May 2023

Preventive approaches towards dental caries have been the focus of research in dentistry since the last century. Fluoride and various non fluoride remineralising products are already in the market. Despite this, in the last two decades, the scientific community has increased its exploration of alternative caries prevention solutions, including herbal remedies. The primary objective of this article was to review the current status and developments in the field of remineralisation using natural products, ethnopharmacological agents, and their active compounds. It could be concluded from the current review that natural phytochemicals have considerable promise as supplementary anticariogenic therapies for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, the ultimate efficacy of therapeutic solutions containing cariostatic natural substances depends on their capacity to demonstrate a significant reduction in individual caries progression. To establish the effectiveness of natural products in preventing dental caries or promoting remineralisation, well-designed Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) are necessary. In addition, additional research is required to discover the precise cariostatic modes of action and effective dosage of natural substances.
Evaluation and Comparison of Momentto-Force Ratio of a New “PRP Loop” with that of Opus Loop and L LoopA Finite Element Method Study
Authors: Kumari Smita , Niranjane Priyanka
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Extraction space closure is the foremost challenging procedure in the field of orthodontics which needs a robust understanding of biomechanics. There are two commonly used methods of space closure, one which involves friction, also called sliding mechanics, and the other is frictionless. The advantages of frictionless mechanics are there is no force loss due to friction and low anchorage taxing. The preferred method for the retraction of teeth is loop mechanics and which ensures controlled tooth movement. Aim: To evaluate and compare the Moment-to-Force (M/F) ratio of PRP loop with that of Opus loop and L loop by Finite Element Method (FEM). Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted by using FEM analysis in DMIHER University with technical assistance from the Department of Mechanical Engineering VNIT Nagpur. Computer models of Loops design were prepared on Analysis of Systems (ANSYS) version 10 (V10) software. Opus loop, L loop and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) loop were modelled as SOLID 64 beam elements. Different pre-activation bends were given to the models in α and β nodes of the loop. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 software to compare the mean of all three loops. Results: Total 36 FEM models were studied. PRP loop showed greater M/F ratio than Opus and L loop with 15ºα and 25ºβ pre-activation bends in both 0.017×0.025 and 0.019×0.025- inch Titanium Molybdenum Alloy (TMA) wire i.e., 9.09 and 9.12, respectively. On comparison of M/F ratio of PRP loop, Opus loop and L loop prepared with 0.017×0.025 and 0.019×0.025 TMA wire, at 15ºα and 25ºβ pre-activation bend in 0.019×0.025 TMA, PRP loop showed highest M/F ratio of 9.12 as compared to 0.017×0.025 TMA wire. Conclusion: The study concluded that PRP loop is an efficient retraction loop with ideal moment force ratio for translatory movement of tooth. PRP loops had highest M/F ratio than Opus loop and L loop, indicating that PRP can be used for translatory movement of tooth in wires of different materials. Therefore, for proper utilisation of PRP loop, it must be prepared with either 0.017×0.025 inch TMA or 0.019×0.025 inch TMA wire.
Impact of Anti-stigma Educational Intervention about Mental Illness among Medical Students: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Duggirala Naga Chaitanya , Settem VV Jagadeesh , Koilada Prabhath , Chandra T Jaya
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Stigma about mental illness continues to complicate the lives of the stigmatised even as treatment improves their illness. Health professionals sometimes discriminate based on general public’s stigmatising views towards people with mental illness. There is a pressing need to improve understanding of the range of factors contributing to this. Aim: To assess the impact of anti-stigma educational intervention about mental illness among medical students and to identify the impact of this on their attitude, knowledge, behaviour and empathy. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, from September 2015 to August 2016. A total of 170 medical students from 4th semester were included and divided into test and control groups with 85 students in each group. Stigma was measured by assessing attitude, knowledge, behaviour and empathy. For the test group, it was assessed at baseline, immediate postintervention and one year later as Test 1, 2 and 3 and baseline for controll. Mental health-related knowledge was measured with Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) scale, attitude with Mental Illness Clinician’s Attitudes (MICA) scale, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) to measure behaviour and empathy by Jefferson Scale of Empathy Student Version (JSE-SV) scale. T-test was used to statistically analyse the data. Results: Total 85 participants were included in each group. Genderwise, the mean±SD of MAKS scores were statistically significant in test 3 also within the test group. Genderwise MICA scores were statistically not significant in the groups, within the test group statistically there was significant difference between test 2 and 3. Within the test group, for RIBS scores were statistically significant between test 1, 2 and 2, 3 and genderwise there was no significance. For JSE-SV scores, there was statistically significant difference between the gender in test 2 but no significant difference among the test groups. Conclusion: This study findings show that the mental health related knowledge, attitude towards the illness and the intended behaviour of the students towards the mentally ill have significantly improved postintervention and also had a longterm impact.
A Study on Brand Promotion of Hybrid Paddy in Koderma District of Jharkhand
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Barker Nitin
Published: May 2023

This study was on brand promotion of hybrid paddy in Koderma district of Jharkhand. It was mainly focussed on positioning of Arize 6444 with respect to other hybrid paddies and to formulate a proper promotional strategy for enhancing the acceptability of Arize 6444. It was found that lots of providers were present who supplied hybrid seeds. Bayer, Nath Bio Genes, Syngenta, and Pioneer Corteva were the providers whose sales were in demand with other like Dhanya seeds, Sri Ram seeds, JK seeds, Kaveri seeds, Advanta India limited.  As this study is on brand promotion, so, positioning of this product would be needed to evaluate. majority of sales of hybrid paddy varieties is from Pioneer Corteva company and the varieties name are 27P31 and 27P22 i.e. 3000 kg followed by the Bayer arize 6444 of sales 2500 kg. So that, it would be giving the path to analysis proper strategy and planning to executive the brand promotion by proper promotional strategy in front of the respondents. Three Main parameters Bayer can look up to create demand generation among major agro based companies are trust worthiness, product value, affordability.
Nutritional Vulnerability Transitions among Rural Households in Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju Abimbola Oluyemisi
Published: May 2023

Aims: It has long been considered that specific age/gender groups, such as women and children, are predisposed to nutritional vulnerability. Thus, nutritional vulnerability among agricultural households is neglected and understudied. This study aims at an empirical assessment of nutritional vulnerability dynamics among rural households in Nigeria.

Study Design:  Secondary data used for this study was waves 2 and 3 of the general household survey panel data. The sampling design consisted of two stages of sampling: the selection of enumeration areas based on probability proportionate to the size of the enumeration areas and the systematic random selection of ten households from each enumeration area. There were 3370 households selected in rural areas and 1630 households selected in urban areas. 2090 rural households with the required information for this study were included in the analysis.

Methodology: Descriptive statistics, nutritional vulnerability score, logit regression model, Markov model, and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyse nutritional vulnerability transitions among rural households in Nigeria.

Results: Nutritionally vulnerable households in rural Nigeria include those with aged heads, little or no formal education, limited assets, and no access to land or credit. Nutritional vulnerability in rural Nigeria is primarily transient, with around two-fifths of households experiencing transient nutritional vulnerability and nearly one-third experiencing chronic nutritional vulnerability. While the age of the household head, tertiary education, and access to credit all had a substantial impact on transient nutritional vulnerability, gender, tertiary education, asset value, and access to credit all had an impact on chronic nutritional vulnerability.

Conclusion: Support mechanisms such as initiatives to promote access to healthy food, credit, land, and education are critical. To successfully address the issues affecting the nutrition and health of persons facing vulnerabilities, social welfare programs with interventions based on the characteristics of each vulnerable group and the predisposing factors should be adopted.
¬Vertical Variability of Physical Properties under Different Land - Use Practices in Vertisols and Inceptisols of Central India
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Rai Hitendra K. , Singh Vivek , Upadhyay A. K. , Sahu R. K. , Rawat Anay , Singh R. B.
Published: May 2023

A study was carried out after harvest of rabi season crop during 2020-2021 to find out the vertical variability in status of physical properties in Vertisol and Inceptisol under different land uses. Samples were collected in triplicate from six different land use practices (forest, uncultivated, soybean-wheat, rice-wheat, soybean - chickpea and maize-wheat) at four depths (0-15, 15-30 30-45 and 45-60 cm) Gwalior and Jabalpur regions. For statistical analysis of data in factorial RBD different soil type were considered as factor A ,land use practices as factor B and three replications. Physical properties significantly affected by soil type. It was observed in different land use practices significantly affected in WHC. Under different soil type content of sand, silt and bulk density were higher in Inceptisol as compared to vertisol, however content of clay, porosity and (water holding capacity) WHC were higher Vertisol as compare to Inceptisol. WHC, bulk density and clay was found increased down the depth except porosity, sand in Vertisol while content of sand and bulk density was found increased down to depth except WHC, porosity and clay in Inceptisol.
Effect of Water TDS, on the Growth of Plant (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Raj Aditya , Gupta Ankita , Gupta Neha , Bhagyawant Sameer S.
Published: May 2023

Water is the major constituent of life for the growth of animals and flora species. Water is available around the world with different Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels and minerals. On the basis of TDS, the hardness and softness of water are determined. (Underground water and oceanic water are found to have higher TDS than fresh water).

Aim: To understand the effect of TDS on the growth of plant.

Objectives: A study was conducted on the basis of the TDS of water to observe the effect of TDS on the growth of phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) plants and to check whether the water TDS is responsible for the growth of the plants or not.

Methods: Water of different TDS levels was collected from Gwalior district (Gwalior, Gwalior fresh water Takenpur, and distilled water). Water has different TDS levels ranging from 95ppm (Parts Per Million), 750ppm, 2000ppm, distilled water with 0ppm TDS, and acidic distilled water (pH 3.5–4, by adding HCl acid). The kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris) were purchased from a local mart and sowed into the washed sand with a neutral pH of 7, and the growth was observed under sunlight. (Each pot containing 7 beans).

Results: The result of the experiment was positive as required, as the water TDS level affects the growth of plants. It has been observed that distilled water with a TDS of 0 ppm shows almost no growth, but a TDS of 750 ppm shows the maximum growth. Therefore, it has been concluded that TDS is also responsible for the growth of plants, and this practice can be done on a large scale also for the best result of growth.
HIV Retinopathy and Immune Reconstitution Uveitis on CMV Retinitis: A Case Report
Authors: Saoiabi Yahya , El-Belidi Hala , Bouirig Kawtar , Bellabes Saad Benchekroun , Boutimzine Nourredine , Cherkaoui Lalla Ouafa
Published: May 2023

Aim: In HIV patients with CD4+count<50cells/µL, after initiating HAART, close ophthalmological monitoring is mandatory, in order to watch for the development of IRU.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old patient with unknown medical history consulted for blurred vision and myodesopsia. The examination found bilateral microangiopathy with temporal retinal ischemia in the right eye.

The patient was tested positive for HIV-1 with a CD4count of 43 cells/mm3. The diagnosis of HIV-microangiopathy was made, he received a prophylactic retinal argon-laser and was put on HAART.

Following the HAART, he presented decreased VA in the right eye, with in examination, a slight inflammation of the AC, moderate hyalitis, and a diffuse and confluent temporal retinal necrosis.

The diagnosis of IRU associated with CMV-retinitis was presumed.

Discussion: The HAART increases the number of CD4-T-cells and restores immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens which reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections. However, in some patients, a dysregulated immune response after initiation of HAART leads to the immune reconstitution inflammatory disease, characterized by the paradoxical aggravation of a treated opportunistic infection or the revealing of a previously untreated subclinical infection in HIV-positive patients. The ocular manifestation of IRIS is called immune reconstitution uveitis (IRU).

IRU usually develops in patients with inactive CMV retinitis, but it can rarely occur in eyes with active CMV retinitis and occurs within the first few weeks of starting HAART.

Conclusion: The initiation of HAART requires regular general and ophthalmological monitoring in order to recognize early IRU which is often associated with active CMV retinitis.