bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Effect of Technology Utilization on Project Management Function and Project Performance
Authors: Abdul Rani Hafnidar , Abdullah Che Sobry , Mohtar Shahimi
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the moderating effects of technology utilization on the relationship between project management function and project performance. The project management function element is operationalized by nine constructs and the technology utilization element examined in this study focuses on three factors. Data was collected using the questionnaire survey approach. This study employed the stratified random sampling procedure in selecting businesses and organizations, that included the construction industry in the sample. Four hundred and forty eight Aceh construction organizations participated in this study. Partial correlation analysis was utilized for hypotheses testing. In general, the result of the partial correlation analysis showed that technology utilization moderated the relationship between seven of the nine functions of project management and overall project performance. Individually, these three variables of technology utilization did not moderate the relationship between communication management and cost performance. The outcome of this study provided vital information on the relationship between project management function, technology utilization and project performance in the Aceh construction organizations. This study also provided an insight into further understanding of the issue of interface between project management function, technology utilization and project performance.
Strategic Investment And Excess Capacity: The Case Of Malaysian Palm Biodiesel Industry
Authors: Yi Choo Sze , Radam Alias , Shamsudin Mad Nasir
Published: August 2020

With the growing demand of palm biodiesel worldwide, the government has recently announced the implementation of palm biodiesel programme effective July 2014. The implementation will boost the palm biodiesel industry and heighten the demand for palm biodiesel in the domestic market as well as in the international market. This paper thus examines the relationship between the use of strategic investment in excess capacity and the industry entry condition, using logit model. This study covered study period from year 2006 to 2013. The results from this study will further help policymakers to develop policy that is parallel with the condition of the industry.
The Effect of Job Rotation on Career Management
Authors: Mohd Zin Md Lazim
Published: August 2020

Job rotation is a type of on-the-job training where an employee is encouraged to gain a range of information, skills and competencies in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of job rotation on career management. Toward this objective, a survey was carried out amongst 76 assistant registrars in one public university in Malaysia. Factor analysis has revealed that there are three distinct dimensions of job rotation, namely, business knowledge, technical knowledge and administrative knowledge, as well as a single dimension of career management. Multiple regression results shows that only two dimensions of job rotation have significantly influence on career management, with the exception of business knowledge. This finding has also indicated that job rotation practice affects the career management through the enhancement and enrichment of employees’ knowledge and skills, which in turn will influence their career progression in the workplace.
The Determinants of Car Ownership Among Working Adults In Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Lee Lian Yee , Cheah Yong Kang
Published: August 2020

Penang has the third highest rate of car ownership in Malaysia. Traffic congestion issues have worsened alarmingly over the past few years. The objective of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting car ownership in Penang. A logit model and data from a primary survey consisting of 498 respondents were used for an in-depth analysis. The findings of the present study show that age, gender, ethnicity, income, education and parking issues are significant determinants of car ownership. In particular, individuals who are aged between 26 and 35 years; females; Chinese; high income earners and tertiary–educated, are more likely to own cars compared to others. Based on these findings, several intervention strategies are recommended.
R&D Marketing Integration in New Product Development: The Case of the Telecommunications Industry in Malaysia (Preliminary Findings)
Authors: Bojei Jamil
Published: August 2020

Developing new products in a complex environment, such as in the telecommunications industry, involves significant integrated effort-particularly between that of R&D and Marketing. The failure to integrate R&D and Marketing in new product development can result in over-designed, over-priced, and either obsolete or radically-advanced products with little customer value. This paper attempts to offer insights into R&D and Marketing integration in. the telecommunications industry in Malaysia. In general, only a few telecommunication companies have achieved effective R&D-Marketing integration which is significant in certain areas requiring the integration.
Quality Assurances Practices, Training Needs and International Students Mobility: Analysing the Nexuses
Authors: Abbo Usman , Bashir Adamu
Published: August 2020

The role of education’s quality in determining international students’ choice of study destination was discussed by several studies. However, it only seems to have gained a huge prominence recently by constituting a theme in the quality management field involving empirical studies. In spite of such prominence the theme does not seems to provide sufficient empirical evidence forging a nexus between quality assurance practices, training needs and international student’s mobility. This research work therefore attempts to fill this gap by examining how the search for quality education and training needs satisfaction play role in international student’s mobility. Six dimensions of quality assurance in education were identified through extensive literature reviewed, three dimensions of training needs were equally revealed by the literature. Nine hypotheses were thus developed using these dimensions with the view to explain the relationship among the variables involved. The primary data for this study was obtained through a cross-sectional survey of International students in University Utara Malaysia with the aid of questionnaires, where a total of 150 respondents were selected randomly. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was adopted in analysing the collected data with smartPLS 2.0 to determine the relationship involved. The result supported the relationship between organizational needs, Tangibility of facilities, Nature of service delivery and international student’s mobility, while the other six relationships were not supported.
Relationship Between Integrated Marketing Capability on Sales and Brand Performance: Moderation Roles of IMC Performance
Authors: Hamidizadeh Mohamadreza , Sanati Mohsen , Avili Atefeh Ghomi
Published: August 2020

Due to in the fierce competition in the fast moving consumers good (FMCG) industry and lack of growing demand in recent years in this industry, firms are now looking for more efficient and effective ways of creating value for their brands. In this regard, integrated marketing communication (IMC) is a newly introduced concept which has not been thoroughly investigated in the FMCG market of Iran. Therefore, the aims of this study are twofold, first, is to empirically examine the influence of IMC capability of the organization on the brand and sales performance. Second, is the investigation of the moderation role of the IMC performance which is not covered in the literature. The detergent industry was investigated by choosing one of the biggest detergent players in Iran, and the sample of brand, advertising and marketing managers, and experts were considered for distribution of the questionnaire. The results support the effect of IMC capability on sales and brand performance. Moreover, the analysis showed support for moderation role of IMC performance. Managerial implications are discussed at the last section of this research.
A Sensemaking Study of Change Initiative: The Case of A Malaysian Multinational Enterprise
Authors: Ismail Mohd Nazari , Abdullah Nizam
Published: August 2020

Empirical evidence has emphasized the need for more research to uncover why does change fail and what can organizations do to improve their success rate. The purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth assessment on the implementation of centre-led change initiative in a novel empirical study in a Malaysian-based multinational enterprise (MNE). This study is based on multiple embedded case studies of four subsidiaries of a Malaysian-based MNE. This study urges centre managers tasked with implementing strategic change initiatives to emphasize the behavioral aspect of those involved in change throughout the entire development stage of the change. Any negative cues from change recipients need to be addressed and attended to as quickly as possible. This study is based on a section within the larger context of the MNE which is being researched. The study contributes to the literature of organizational sensemaking in change by extending the knowledge of new sensemaking forms namely communication intensity and resolution to barriers. This study also contributes to the empirical literature in change by providing an in-depth account of a Malaysian based MNE journey in implementing centre-led change initiatives.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ATTITUDINAL, CONTEXTUAL AND GENDER PERSPECTIVES OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG INDONESIAN MILLENNIALS
Authors: Hardiani Hardiani , Hastuti Dwi , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: August 2020

The present study was designed to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions of the Indonesian millennials in Jambi City which are associated with the attitudinal, contextual and gender perspectives. This research focused on the millennial generation, namely students who will enter the labour market in the future. Data were collected from the surveys on millennials in Jambi City and analysed using the descriptive statistical tools and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results indicate several factors: Firstly, the awareness level of gender equality of the millennials in the area is relatively low. There are still around a third of them who are gender-biased on the aspect of personality traits and gender roles in public sector jobs (nondomestic works). The proportion is even greater on the aspect of gender roles in domestic work. Over two-thirds of the millennials have gender-biased perceptions. Secondly, the entrepreneurial intentions of these students are relatively high. It shows that they have strong potentials to become young entrepreneurs in the future. Thirdly, the attitude and contextual factors have significant influence on the millennial entrepreneurial interests in Jambi City. The gender factor, however, does not show a significant impact as a direct influence as well as a variable moderating the influence of attitude and contextual factors.
Developing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Taxonomy in Malaysia
Authors: Hashim Mohd Khairuddin , Abdullah Mat Saad
Published: August 2020

In most economies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) consitute a variety of different firms encom­passing a wide range of industries. SMEs are heterogeneous: they differ at least in terms of their capabilities, stage of development, resources as well as requirements. The heterogeineity ofSMEs suggests that any systematic and rigorous attempt. to understand, explain and predict their behaviour should begin with the development of a taxonomy for them. A taxonomy provides a means for grouping and defining heterogenous SMEs - understand­ing their similarities and differences, their strengths and weaknesses. In the literature, several attempts to develop SMEs taxonomies have been made. Upon examining three of these taxonomies, it is found that SMEs can be classified in a number of different ways. Nonetheless, whilst this review of taxonomies literature is insightful in developing our own SMEs taxonomy, a careful study of the various features of SMEs is awaited if we were to develop a comprehensive taxonomy for the Malaysian SMEs.
Distinctive Capabilities and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Malaysian SMEs
Authors: Hashim Mohd Khairuddin
Published: August 2020

Despite the general notion that distinctive capabilities are crucial to the success affirms, empirical studies that focused on this strategic variable in SMEs remains limited. This study seeks to address this research issue by empirically investigating 100 SMEs in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The findings of the study suggest that the SMEs studied established capabilities in several business functional areas. In addition, the results of the correlations indicate statistically significant positive relationship between distinctive capabilities and the performance of the SMEs in this study.
The Role of Management Accounting in Competition Policy : The Case of the Inverness Route
Authors: Tengku Abdullah Tengku Akbar
Published: August 2020

Although competition policy is an important area for accounting research, contributions from management accountants are lacking. This article aims to show that management accountants can help clarify a number of issues in competition policy using diagnostic tools such as analytical constructs and concepts of cost to establish relevant facts and cost. Accordingly, this article demonstrates that the employment of such diagnostic tools can give insights into anti-competitive behavioral issues in competition policy, as illustrated in the Inverness route case.
Divisia Index Monetary Aggregates: Do they Matter for Monetary Policy in Malaysia?
Authors: Dahalan Jauhari
Published: August 2020

Divisia for narrowly and broadly defined monetary aggregate of a developing country Malaysia, are constructed. Unlike the Divisia for narrowly defined monetary aggregate MI, the Divisia for broader defined monetary aggregate M2 does show significant differences in both level and growth rates that signified the degree of the important and usefulness of Divisia index in formulating the monetary policy We ascertained that there exist long-run relationships between all measures of monetary aggregates in this study with inflations. By constructing dynamic error-correction models for all the alternative measures of monetary aggregates. we performed out-of-sample forecasting for three different periods. Analysis of the forecasting statistics indicates that the Divisia monetary aggregates performed better than their simple-sum counterparts in forecasting ability. We conclude that Divisia monetary aggregate namely Divisia M2, has the best forecast ability among all. As such, Divisia M2 can serve as an excellent candidate as a target or indicator in formulating the monetary policy for Malaysia.
HAK UNTUK MENDAPATKAN PEGUAM SEMASA PERBICARAAN JENAYAH BAGI GOLONGAN YANG TIDAK BERKEMAMPUAN DI MALAYSIA
Authors: Tahir Zulazhar
Published: August 2020

Hak untuk mendapatkan peguam terutama dalam kes-kes jenayah adalah amat penting. Hak ini sebenarnya telah diperuntukkan di bawah Artikel 5(3) Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Malahan seksyen 255 Kanun Prosedur Jenayah turut memperuntukkan hak untuk dibela oleh seorang peguam bagi tertuduh yang sedang dibicarakan di Mahkamah. Seksyen 28A Kanun Prosedur Jenayah juga turut memperuntukkan hak untuk mendapatkan peguam ini bagi seseorang yang ditangkap. Selain daripada itu, bantuan guaman bagi mereka yang tidak berkemampuan turut diberikan oleh Jabatan Bantuan Guaman melalui Akta Bantuan Guaman 1971. Di samping itu, bantuan gumanan ini juga turut diberikan oleh Majlis Peguam bagi membantu golongan-golongan yang tidak berkemampuan ini. Namun begitu, persoalan yang timbul ialah adakah bantuan ini mencapai sasarannya iaitu untuk membantu golongan yang tidak berkemampuan dalam mendapatkan khidmat seorang peguam di Malaysia? Selain itu, persoalan yang seterusnya ialah adakah bantuan yang diberikan mencukupi dalam memberikan keadilan kepada golongan yang tidak berkemampuan ini? Persoalan ini penting untuk dijawab memandangkan ketidakhadiran peguam untuk membantu seseorang tertuduh semasa perbicaraan mengibaratkan kedudukan tertuduh seperti telur dihujung tanduk. Malah tertuduh juga akan menghadapi risiko yang amat tinggi untuk disabitkan jika tidak dibantu oleh seorang peguam semasa perbicaraan. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan mengupas kepentingan dan keberkesanan hak untuk mendapatkan peguam ini dalam membantu golongan yang miskin di Malaysia. Selain itu, artikel ini juga akan membuat perbandingan dengan beberapa negara Komenwel yang lain dalam melihat keberkesanan hak untuk mendapatkan peguam dalam membantu golongan yang tidak berkemampuan di negara-negara mereka.
GOOD GOVERNANCE AND THE RULE OF LAW
Authors: Nik Mahmod Nik Ahmad Kamal
Published: August 2020

Good governance is basically governing in the right and just ways. Good governance relates to good administration at both public and private sectors. Corporate governance is synonymous and the common usage in the private sector. Common characteristics of good governance include transparency, accountability, participatory and rule of law. Rule of law is the focus of this paper. The principle in itself is problematic because of multifarious interpretation Nonetheless, the consensus has been that rule of law is essential in any government and breach of its principles may lead to arbitrariness and breach of fundamental rights. The paper will expound the roles of rule of law in ensuring good governance and how abuse of power and corruption have undermined rule of law seriously and subsequently affect good governance.
KAJIAN KES TAN SRI ABDUL KHALID IBRAHIM LWN BANK ISLAM (M) BERHAD MENGENAI ISU PENENTUAN KEPUTUSAN OLEH MAHKAMAH ATAU MAJLIS PENASIHAT SHARIAH DALAM HAL-HAL KEWANGAN DAN PERBANKAN ISLAM
Authors: Badarulzaman Muhammad Hafiz
Published: August 2020

Majlis Penasihat Shariah (SAC) telah ditubuhkan di bawah Bank Negara Malaysia bagi tujuan menyelaras prinsip-prinsip Islam di dalam isu-isu kewangan dan merupakan badan rujukan utama di dalam kes-kes berkaitan kewangan Islam di dalam negara. Walaubagaimanapun, pindaan Akta Bank Negara Malaysia 2009 telah memberi kesan kepada keputusan SAC berkaitan isu kewangan Islam apabila SAC dapat mengikat mahkamah sivil untuk mengikutnya di dalam keputusan sesuatu kes. Berikutan masalah ini, kuasa SAC telah dilihat bertentangan dengan semangat perlembagaan melalui hak kesamarataan dan hak mahkamah untuk membuat keputusan tanpa terikat dengan mana-mana badan. Pindaan yang dibuat di dalam Akta Bank Negara Malaysia 2009 melalui beberapa peruntukan juga dianggap sebagai bertentangan dengan perlembagaan (unconstitutional). Kertas kerja ini akan menggunakan kaedah kajian perbandingan (comparative study) yang melibatkan perbandingan beberapa akta dan peruntukan undang-undang serta perlembagaan persekutuan. Kertas kerja ini juga mencadangkan agar kedudukan SAC diperkemaskan melalui kewujudan akta baru iaitu Akta Perkhidmatan Kewangan Islam 2013 (IFSA) dan peranan SAC dapat diperkukuhkan demi kemaslahatan perbankan dan kewangan Islam. Kata kunci: Majlis Penasihat Shariah (SAC), Institusi Perbankan dan Kewangan Islam, Bank Negara Malaysia, Undang-Undang Perlembagaan
Pembeli Bona Fide Dalam Penipuan Tanah:Isu Dan Cabaran
Authors: Harun Noraida , Hassim Jady @ Zaidi
Published: August 2020

The legal position applicable in Malaysia based on the decision of Adorna Properties Sdn Bhd v Boonsom Boonyanit [2001] 2 CLJ 133 is that the right of the original owners of a land title is not fully protected if the property was transferred to another party by means of fraud, provided the new owner (buyer) has acquired ownership with bona fide (good faith) with consideration. The original owner is not legally entitled to recover the land from the new buyer. In other words, with this decision even though the conversion of ownership was obtained by fraud, if the registered buyer is a bona fide purchaser, the ownership is undeniable. The decision of this case became a binding precedent to all courts in Malaysia and the principle in this case can only be restored or corrected by another decision of the Federal Court. In 2010, the case of Tan Yin Hong v Tan Sian San [2010] 2 CLJ 269 which was decided by the Federal Court was a landmark case which revised the legal principles applied in Adorna Properties.The legal position after the decision of the case in 2010 clearly shows that the original owner has undeniable ownership and has the right to reposses the land when fraud is proven. This purpose of the article is to study the position and the remedy of the bona fide purchaser when the decision in favor of the landowner which may invite injustice to the bona fide purchaser as they solely depending on the document title when dealing with transfer of land matters.The methodology used in this study is a library based research which includes document analysis such as the decided cased, books and articles. This study also raises suggestions of improvement and outcome to ensure the interests and rights of the parties involved.   Keywords: bona fide purchaser, ranking and remedies, challenges, suggestions for improvement.
Book Review - Bentham’s Theory Of Fictions
Authors: Lilienthal Gary
Published: August 2020

This review1 is a commentary on Ogden’s introduction to Jeremy Bentham’s Theory of Fictions. 2 It tries to show that legal fiction suggests fraud by the user, and more, may well mislead the court. Ogden’s introduction separates into five major headings. There is a still a tendency among practising lawyers to speak in pejorative tones about the study of jurisprudence. This tendency may be an indicium of a failure to understand the law’s underlying reasoning, and instead, to prefer the law’s cultus,3 manifesting as fraud and abuse of legislative power. In this view, the reasons are the rules themselves. Therefore, this review addresses Ogden’s sections on legal fictions,the vocabulary of fiction,the technique of definition, and fallacies. The review will not discuss Ogden’s conclusion or his note on Bentham’s method of composition.
UNITED STATES’ UNLAWFUL DRONE STRIKES AND DAMAGES CAUSED TO HUMANITY: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Nordin Rohaida , Muhamad Mohd Munzil
Published: August 2020

This paper contributes significantly through suggestions to overcome the problem created by the disastrous US drone strikes in Pakistan. This paper evaluates incidences of the United States’ combat drone strikes in Pakistan and the damage caused to innocent people. It seeks to determine possible violations of international laws and the extent to which these strikes diminish the sovereignty of Pakistan. After the incident of 9/11, the use of combat drones in armed conflicts among states, non-state actors, disruptive groups and organisations has increased and expanded. Combat drones are controlled by operators who depend for their primary sources of information on cameras and sensors to determine their targets. Drone strikes lack identification processes causing many innocent people to be killed or injured. Drone strikes launched in non-conflict areas also increase the concerns about illegitimate interference in a state’s territorial sovereignty and violations of international laws. It covers the following questions. What are the basic principles about the use of force? What kinds of damages are caused by US drone strikes in Pakistan that violate basic human rights principles? What are the concerns of international organisations about drone strikes in Pakistan? Summarily, it covers the United States unlawful drone strikes in Pakistan and damages caused to humanity. The paper uses doctrinal qualitative analysis to situate the research within the ethical, legal and social parameters of the related statutes of international law. The research methodology adopted is evaluative, interpretive and analytical. The paper consists of 8 segments: (1) drones and the United States armed forces, (2) some basic international law principles about the use of force, (3) possible human rights violations, (4) US drone strikes diminish the sovereignty of Pakistan, (5) demands for transparency, (6) the damages caused to humanity by the drone strikes, (7) concerns of international organisations about illegitimate drone strikes causing extra judicial killings and (8) some recommendations to regulate the use of combat drones. It demonstrates that international law does not regulate the use of combat drones in armed conflict and no considerable effort has been made to bring the use of combat drones under the rule of law. Furthermore, US drone strikes in Pakistan’s territory have been done without consensus, resulting in the violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty and the killing of innocent people.
Ethics of Administration – Towards Sustainability and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl
Published: August 2020

After the publication of my book Ethics for Psychologists, one reviewer asked the question about whether and when I would write an ethics of public administration.With this suggestion in mind, I proposed a new book to the publisher (DJØF’s forlag – Danish Lawyer’s and Economist’s publishing company) and the publisher accepted. So now the problem is how to formulate an ethics of administration. Indeed, facing the present global crisis and the need for global principles of sustainability and cosmopolitanism it could be argued that public administration ethics should be redefined according to these ethical ideals. As such I would argue that a book about ethics of administration should deal with ethical theories and principles and dilemmas of public administration in public organizations and institutions, i.e. state, regional and municipal administrations and bureaucracies, including ethical dimensions of the work of courts, police and military. A presentation of ethics of administration should also look at problems and dilemmas in different types of more or less public organizations and institutions.
基于复杂产品装配过程的可视化生产调度技术探究
Authors: 殷 微微 , 孙 家利 , 于 广杰 , 张 震 , 吴 莲
Published: August 2020

文章首先从流程性、多扰动以及可追溯三个角度入手，对复杂产品装配过程的主要特点进行了分析，以此阐明可视化生产调度技术的应用基础；其后，结合可视化模块、云平台模块、数据分析模块、物料管理模块、订单管理模块等部分，研究了基于复杂产品装配过程的可视化生产调度系统的体系构建；最后，围绕算法规则、算法设计等方面，提出了基于复杂产品装配过程的可视化生产调度算法的运用思路。
Fluoride Level in Drinking Water Sources of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Singh Abanish , Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant
Published: August 2020

Background: Water is essential for the survival of every living organism of this planet, we humans being no exception to this fact. In context of oral health promotion, fluoride when consumed in recommended level decreases the solubility of enamel to acidic exposure and improves the strength of dental enamel that eventually helps reduce dental caries.So, this study was conducted to estimate the fluoride concentration in drinking water of eastern development region Nepal.Methods: Water samples (165) were randomly collected from drinking water sources of Eastern Development Region, Nepal. Three categories of water samples (municipal, natural, packaged bottle water) each from three most populated cities of every district in the region were collected. The water samples were collected in autoclaved polypropylene plastic vessels. American Public Health Association 4500 F- D method was used for fluoride estimation.Results: Majority of the water samples (88.2%) had fluoride concentration below the optimum as per WHO guideline. Median fluoride concentration of municipal water supply, natural water resources and packaged bottle water was 0.09 ppm (<0.05 to 1.11 ppm), 0.13 ppm (<0.05 to 1.80 ppm) and 0.05ppm (<0.05 ppm to 0.78 ppm) respectively. Median fluoride concentration of Himalayan region, hill region and terai region was 0.17 ppm, 0.10 ppm and 0.07 ppm respectively. Overall median fluoride concentration of eastern development region Nepal was 0.08 ppm (<0.05 pmm to 1.80 ppm). Conclusions: This study illustrated that fluoride concentration of most of the drinking water resources of eastern Nepal was below the recommended optimum level as per WHO guidelines. Keywords: Drinking water sources; eastern Nepal; fluoride concentration.
Evaluation of Nepal’s Free Health Care Scheme from Health System Perspective: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Adhikari Shiva Raj , Sapkota Diksha , Thapa Arjun , Pandey Achyut Raj
Published: August 2020

Background: Access to high quality medicines is often considered as one of the main obstacle in achieving health for all. With the objective of increasing access to health services of poor segment of population, government of Nepal has implemented free health care program. However, there is strong need for evaluating the performance and coverage of free health Care scheme. In this context, this study aims to provide better understanding on the implementation status of free health care scheme in context of Nepal.Methods: It is a qualitative study conducted in 7 districts of Nepal. Total of 14 focused group discussion were conducted among service providers and service users. All the discussions were carried in neutral and natural setting making sure that each of participants feels free to express their opinion. Focused group discussions were transcribed, translated into English, coded and analyzed manually.Results: Participants shared that free health care has contributed positively in making essential health services reachable, affordable and accessible to all specially benefiting poor segment of population. However, multitude of factors like geographical access, perception of community people towards health services, availability of medicines, laboratory services and human resources come into play determining the utilization of health services. Service providers recommended that there need to be improvements in procurement and supply system for uninterrupted supply of services.Conclusions: Despite having some problems in availability of medicines, human resource and diagnostic services, free health care has improved access to health services specially for poor population. Decentralizing the procurement process can be one promising option to overcome the inappropriate supply of medicines.Keywords: Access to medicine; financial risk; free health care; Nepal; poor.
Determinants of Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding among Disadvantaged Ethnic Groups in Midwest Nepal
Authors: Sanjel Keshab , Amatya Archana
Published: August 2020

Background: Timely initiation of breastfeeding has the potential to prevent 22% of neonatal deaths if breastfed within an hour after birth. Although breastfeeding is almost universal in Nepal, ranges of regional differences in timely initiation of breastfeeding have been documented. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalance and the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding among disadvantaged ethnic women in Midwest Nepal. Methods: The data was obtained from a household survey of women who had their last child less than one year of age. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze respondents’ demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric and health services related characteristics. Determinants of timely initiation of breastfeeding were assessed using univariate analysis and further evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: Of 362 mothers, 65.5% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of childbirth. Mothers belonging to Tharu ethnic groups (aOR 1.788; 95% CI: 1.014, 3.152), health facility delivery (aOR 3.381; 95% CI: 1.795, 6.369) and mothers who were counseled on breastfeeding during ANC attendance (aOR 2.898; 95% CI: 1.038, 8.096) were more likely to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of child birth. Conclusions: Almost two in every three mothers had initiated breastfeeding within one hour of childbirth. The factors influencing timely initiation of breastfeeding were Tharu ethnic mothers, health facility delivery and Ante Natal Care counseling. We need to aim at increasing institutional deliveries and counseling during ANC which may increase the early initiation of breastfeeding among disadvantaged ethnic groups. Keywords: Breastfeeding; determinants; Nepal; prevalence; timely initiation
Thrombocytosis as a Predictor of Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Das Amit Kumar , Chapagain Ram Hari , Jha Nitu Kumari , Rai Ganesh Kumar
Published: August 2020

Background: Most of the febrile infants <90 days old will have no more than a mild viral infection but there is a substantial minority that will be diagnosed as having serious bacterial infection at a reported prevalence of 10–14%. A simple, readily available, inexpensive diagnostic marker that yields results quickly and also accurately identifies bacterial infections in febrile infants would be of great value in management of these infants. This study aims to assess the role of thrombocytosis in predicting serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants beyond neonatal period.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study was conducted from May 2016 to April 2017 on 76 febrile infants of age group 29-90 days in Kanti Children’s Hospital.Results: The incidence of serious bacterial infection was found 43 (56.6%). Thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and pyuria were significantly higher in serious bacterial infection cases (p value <0.05). Thrombocytosis alone had the sensitivity of only 53.5%, but had specificity of 90.9%. Elevated C-reactive protein had the best sensitivity (81.4%). Combination of leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, pyuria and thrombocytosis had better sensitivity (93.0%) than these parameters alone. The overall ability of platelet count to identify infants with SBI was only moderate (AUC: 0.722). Elevated C-reactive protein was found to have better ability to identify infants with serious bacterial infection (AUC: 0.846).Conclusions: Thrombocytosis is a common finding in young infants diagnosed with serious bacterial infection. It has however, moderate ability in identifying infants with serious bacterial infection. Combining thrombocytosis with elevated C-reactive protein, leukocytosis and pyuria has better sensitivity in diagnosing serious bacterial infection than these individual parameters alone. Hence, combining these parameters may help in early prediction of febrile young infants at risk of serious bacterial infection.Keywords: Febrile young infants; serious bacterial infection; thrombocytosis.
Study of Cotton Fiber Surface After Thermal Processing in the Vacuum Chamber by the Method of Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhogashtiev N. , Tashpolotov Y. , Kalmurzaev N.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the surface of cotton fibers before and after thermal processing in a vacuum chamber by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that various factors affect the structural and physicochemical properties of an ultrathin composite material based on ultra-dispersed carbon fiber. In this work, the microstructures of an ultrathin composite material obtained based on ultrafine cotton fibers were investigated and a chemical analysis of these fibers was carried out. Based on chemical analysis, it was found that the content of heat-treated cotton fiber is 98.62% during heat treatment (from 1000 to 1200 °C). Along with this, the resulting powder had carbon fibers with sizes from 2.42 to 9.18 μm, and thus ultra-thin fibers have high chemical activity. It is shown that heat treatment of the fiber leads to molecular bonding of the outer layer of the cotton fiber.
Obtaining and Research of Phenolic Compounds From Resin of Uzgen Coals
Authors: Osekova G.
Published: August 2020

Sodium phenolite and picric acid have been investigated and experimentally obtained. At constant temperature conditions. Studied and obtained phenol-formaldehyde resin by condensation polymerization method. The formation of paraisomers upon sulfonation of phenol with 98% sulfuric acid at 1000 °C indicate that the rate of the reverse reaction under these conditions is low. Control of phenol sulfonation becomes the dominant product of this reaction.
Studying the Attitude of Pharmaceutical Workers of the Kyrgyz Republic to Medicinal Products of Plant Origin
Authors: Toktonalieva N. , Toktonaliev I.
Published: August 2020

Herbal medicines currently widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Their share now is about 30% among all medicines and will only increase in the future. Therefore, every year the range of herbal remedies is expanding in pharmacies. At the same time, concerns about safety regarding the widespread use of herbal medicines among healthcare workers have increased, as the Kyrgyz population still believes that herbal medicines are safe and have a mild effect on the body. Our study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists in the field of herbal medicines. This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among pharmaceutical workers of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research materials used specially designed questionnaires, including the demographic characteristics of the participants, their knowledge, perception, attitude to the use of herbal remedies, and included issues of the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines. In the course of the study, pharmacoepidemiological, sociological research methods and an expert assessment method used. The results of the study showed that the majority of pharmacists consider herbal medicine effective and safe, and noted that providing reliable information when dispensing herbal preparations is their professional responsibility.
Features of Distribution of Oil and Gas Deposits in the Earth’s Crust
Authors: Yarboboev T. , Akhmedov Sh. , Usmonov K.
Published: August 2020

Hydrocarbon deposits within oil and gas-bearing territories are distributed very unevenly both in area and in the section of sedimentary deposits, which is the main geological feature of oil and gas placement in the subsurface. The formation of hydrocarbon accumulations in the sedimentary cover is due to a set of genetic factors, which ultimately determines the patterns of placement of oil and gas accumulations along the section and area of the sedimentary cover. The study of the factors determining the zonation of oil and gas accumulation and genetically her condition, zoning of oil and gas formation, contributes not only to expanding our knowledge on the fundamental problems of petroleum geology, but also improve the efficiency of exploration.
Improving the Electronic Booking System as a Part of Digitization of Management Activities of Recreational Enterprises
Authors: Mirzaev A.
Published: August 2020

The article examines trends in the development of recreational tourism, which has been developing rapidly in the national economy in recent years. In the course of the research, the effectiveness of services was evaluated based on the analysis of the resource potential of enterprises providing recreational services. As a scientific innovation, studied the possibilities of stabilizing the volume of services by implementing an electronic reservation system for digitizing the management activities of enterprises in the industry. Theoretical research is based on the determination of forecast indicators up to 2022 by means of an econometric model, depending on factors that affect the volume of recreational services provided in the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2013–2019.
Modern Socio-Economic Aspects of Residential Development
Authors: Khajayev R.
Published: August 2020

Effective solution growth of housing in modern conditions requires considering various factors: social stratification of the population, increasing requirements for housing comfort, the presence of accelerated urbanization, new forms of housing reproduction and others.
The Value of Motivational “Thresholds” in the Process of Digitalization of Economic Relations
Authors: Shvaiba D.
Published: August 2020

In the presented article, it is proved that the universal introduction of the Internet has strengthened the widely spread idea that success in the economy depends on information technologies. The fascination with this “magic wand” veiled another personality, which is that the economy is formed in an innovative way by innovative specialists. Including multibillion-dollar investments and innovative technologies have all the chances to become real cargo, if there are no people able to ensure the operation of these technologies and investments. Man is a generator and implementer of innovations. And the means for this is his creative intelligence and constant work. Technologies, especially pioneering ones, of course change the economy in an unprecedented way, but this process is not started mechanically, but only when specialists are motivated to update and modify. In addition, the more difficult the technique and technology, the stronger must be the motivation that encourages the employee to make significant and difficult, and sometimes risky, efforts to master new knowledge.
The rain calls of frogs and the reigning paradigm of American herpetology
Authors: Miller Gordon L.
Published: August 2020

American zoologists and herpetologists during the past 50 years have successfully deciphered the mating calls of frogs and toads with ever increasing precision and sophistication. However, the vocalizations most commonly termed “rain calls”, which typically occur beyond both normal breeding seasons and breeding sites, have remained a persistent puzzle. This article traces the gradual disappearance of rain calls, along with a corresponding decline in any mention of emotional states, from herpetological studies of anuran vocalizations in the United States from the middle of the twentieth century to the present and examines the historical roots of this disappearance. This evaporation of rain calls is indicative of a much larger change in the scientific climate of the times, involving the transition from traditional natural history to the neo-Darwinian, adaptationist paradigm of contemporary biology. Rain calls thus increasingly became anomalous, thereby eliminating a possibly fruitful line of inquiry in the comparative study of human–animal communication, in this case with evolution's earliest vocalizers. The contours and benefits of a more encompassing paradigm, envisioned by some leading early twentieth-century zoologists, are briefly discussed.
GAMBARAN ANGKA KEJADIAN SKOLIOSIS PADA SISWA SMKN 10 CAWANG
Authors: Napitupulu Rosintan
Published: August 2020

Data terakhir jumlah  penduduk dengan rentang usia 10-19 tahun (usia sekolah dengan potensi tinggi terkena scoliosis) di Propinsi Jakarta pada tahun 2018-2019 berada pada kisaran 10% (1,48 juta jiwa) dari jumlah total penduduk (10,18 juta jiwa). Berdasarkan data tersebut maka dapat dikatakan dan atau diperhitungkan sebagai besaran indikasi permasalahan dengan potensi angka kejadian scoliosis yang akan terjadi di Propinsi Jakarta adalah sebesar 10%, dan tentu jumlah ini akan diikuti dengan besarnya potensi biaya pengobatan atau penanganan yang akan ditanggung bila hal ini terjadi dan menjadi tanggungan dari pemerintah sehubungan dengan jaminan kesehatan bagi masyarakat, selain itu hal ini juga akan berpotensi risiko pada perkembangan dari masyarakat dalam hal kualitas produktifitas dan kecerdasan.  Sehubungan dengan permasalahan tersebut di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hal ini merupakan masalah yang perlu mendapat perhatian sehingga Program Studi fisioterapi Fakultas Vokasi Universitas Kristen Indonesia yang berkedudukan di wilayah Jakarta Timur sebagai suatu institusi pendidikan tinggi yang memiliki tugas tridharma perguruan berupa Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM), melaksanakan program PKM di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Jakarta Timur untuk memberikan sosialisasi pada siswa / masyarakat usia sekolah tentang permasalahan, pencegahan dan penanganan scoliosis melalui intervensi fisioterapi. Adapun yang menjadi tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengedukasi siswa terhadap permasalahan yang memiliki potensi besar terjadi pada usia sekolah dan bagaimana mencegah dengan melakukan intervensi mandiri sehingga dicapai penurunan angka kejadian skoliosis.
Gurevich–Pitaevskii problem and its development
Authors: Kamchatnov A M
Published: August 2020

We present an introduction to the theory of dispersive shock waves in the framework of the approach proposed by Gurevich and Pitaevskii (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., Vol. 65, p. 590 (1973) [Sov. Phys. JETP, Vol. 38, p. 291 (1974)]) based on Whitham’s theory of modulation of nonlinear waves. We explain how Whitham equations for a periodic solution can be derived for the Korteweg–de Vries equation and outline some elementary methods to solve them. We illustrate this approach with solutions to the main problems discussed by Gurevich and Pitaevskii. We consider a generalization of the theory to systems with weak dissipation and discuss the theory of dispersive shock waves for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation.
Two scales of quantum effects in a mesoscopic system of degenerate electrons
Authors: Kuratov S E , Shidlovski D S , Blinnikov S I , Igashov S Yu
Published: August 2020

A novel nontrivial manifestation of quantum effects in a spherical mesoscopic system of degenerate electrons (with N
e ≲ 109 electrons) is demonstrated. Analysis shows that the electron distribution function has a large spatial scale, of the order of the system size, which is much greater than the other spatial scale, the Fermi length of the electron. This result is obtained following four different strategies: an analytic method of semiclassical Green’s functions, direct numerical summation of the exact solutions for electron wave functions in an infinitely deep potential well, numerical construction of the exact Green’s function using two linearly independent solutions, and the density functional method. The results obtained with these methods are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with each other. We relate the nature of this phenomenon to quantum shell effects in a spherical mesoscopic system.
HUBUNGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH SERTA IKLIM KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SMP KECAMATAN CIKANDE KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Attamimi Naila
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study to determine:(1) The correlation of transformasional leadership style to the teacher performance at SMP Cikande Force District of Serang Regency (2)the correlation of the leadership supervision to the teacher performance at SMP Cikande Force District of Serang Regency (3).  The correlation of the work climate to the teacher performance at SMP Cikande Force District of Serang Regency?, 4). The correlation of the tranformational leadership style, leadership supervision, and work climate to the teacher performance at SMP Cikande Force District of Serang Regency.This study used quantitative research methods through  surveyquestionnaires.The target population in this study are all teachers,amounting to 75 people in SMP Cikande Force District of Serang Regency and teacher population in SMP Cikande Force District of Serang Regency (selected 4 SMP from 8 SMP at Cikande Force District of Serang Regency) Samples were taken purposive. Data collected by using a questionere. The data were collected then analyzed by using the technique of data analysis simple correlation, multi correlation, coeficient of determination and significance test with SPSS 16.The result showed that (1) The correlation of transformasional leadership style varriable (X1) with teacher performance (Y) is in good category are 0.632 (2) The correlation of leadership supervision(X2) with teacher performance (Y) is in a good category, which is  0,657 (3) The correlation of work climate (X3) with teacher performance (Y) is in sufficient category, which is 0,479 (4) The contribution of transformasional leadership style varriable (X1) and leadership supervision(X2)and work climate (X3) is 0,731.