bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping pre-harvest sprouting resistance loci in AAC Innova × AAC Tenacious spring wheat population
Authors: Dhariwal Raman , Hiebert Colin W. , Sorrells Mark E. , Spaner Dean , Graf Robert J. , Singh Jaswinder , Randhawa Harpinder S.
Published: December 2021

Background

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a major problem for wheat production due to its direct detrimental effects on wheat yield, end-use quality and seed viability. Annually, PHS is estimated to cause > 1.0 billion USD in losses worldwide. Therefore, identifying PHS resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is crucial to aid molecular breeding efforts to minimize losses. Thus, a doubled haploid mapping population derived from a cross between white-grained PHS susceptible cv AAC Innova and red-grained resistant cv AAC Tenacious was screened for PHS resistance in four environments and utilized for QTL mapping.

Results

Twenty-one PHS resistance QTLs, including seven major loci (on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, and 7D), each explaining ≥10% phenotypic variation for PHS resistance, were identified. In every environment, at least one major QTL was identified. PHS resistance at most of these loci was contributed by AAC Tenacious except at two loci on chromosomes 3D and 7D where it was contributed by AAC Innova. Thirteen of the total twenty-one identified loci were located to chromosome positions where at least one QTL have been previously identified in other wheat genotype(s). The remaining eight QTLs are new which have been identified for the first time in this study. Pedigree analysis traced several known donors of PHS resistance in AAC Tenacious genealogy. Comparative analyses of the genetic intervals of identified QTLs with that of already identified and cloned PHS resistance gene intervals using IWGSC RefSeq v2.0 identified MFT-A1b (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.1) and AGO802A (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.2) on chromosome 3A, MFT-3B-1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3B.1) on chromosome 3B, and AGO802D, HUB1, TaVp1-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3D.1) and TaMyb10-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3D.2) on chromosome 3D. These candidate genes are involved in embryo- and seed coat-imposed dormancy as well as in epigenetic control of dormancy.

Conclusions

Our results revealed the complex PHS resistance genetics of AAC Tenacious and AAC Innova. AAC Tenacious possesses a great reservoir of important PHS resistance QTLs/genes supposed to be derived from different resources. The tracing of pedigrees of AAC Tenacious and other sources complements the validation of QTL analysis results. Finally, comparing our results with previous PHS studies in wheat, we have confirmed the position of several major PHS resistance QTLs and candidate genes.
Changes in peripheral arterial blood pressure after resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Brede Jostein Rødseth , Skjærseth Eivinn , Klepstad Pål , Nordseth Trond , Krüger Andreas Jørstad
Published: December 2021

Background

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be an adjunct treatment to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aortic occlusion may increase aortic pressure and increase the coronary perfusion pressure and the cerebral blood flow. Peripheral arterial blood pressure is often measured during or after CPR, however, changes in peripheral blood pressure after aortic occlusion is insufficiently described. This study aimed to assess changes in peripheral arterial blood pressure after REBOA in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods

A prospective observational study performed at the helicopter emergency medical service in Trondheim (Norway). Eligible patients received REBOA as adjunct treatment to advanced cardiac life support. Peripheral invasive arterial blood pressure and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) was measured before and after aortic occlusion. Differences in arterial blood pressures and EtCO2 before and after occlusion was analysed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.

Results

Five patients were included to the study. The median REBOA procedural time was 11 min and median time from dispatch to aortic occlusion was 50 min. Two patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation. EtCO2 increased significantly 60 s after occlusion, by a mean of 1.16 kPa (p = 0.043). Before occlusion the arterial pressure in the compression phase were 43.2 (range 12–112) mmHg, the mean pressure 18.6 (range 4–27) mmHg and pressure in the relaxation phase 7.8 (range − 7 – 22) mmHg. After aortic occlusion the corresponding pressures were 114.8 (range 23–241) mmHg, 44.6 (range 15–87) mmHg and 14.8 (range 0–29) mmHg. The arterial pressures were significant different in the compression phase and as mean pressure (p = 0.043 and p = 0.043, respectively) and not significant in the relaxation phase (p = 0.223).

Conclusion

This study is, to our knowledge, the first to assess the peripheral invasive arterial blood pressure response to aortic occlusion during CPR in the pre-hospital setting. REBOA application during CPR is associated with a significantly increase in peripheral artery pressures. This likely indicates improved central aortic blood pressure and warrants studies with simultaneous peripheral and central blood pressure measurement during aortic occlusion.

Trial registration

The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03534011).
Towards enhanced telephone triage for chest pain: a Delphi study to define life-threatening conditions that must be identified
Authors: Alotaibi Ahmed , Body Richard , Carley Simon , Pennington Elspeth
Published: December 2021

Background

Improving telephone triage for patients with chest pain has been identified as a national research priority. However, there is a lack of strong evidence to define the life-threatening conditions (LTCs) that telephone triage ought to identify. Therefore, we aimed to build consensus for the LTCs associated with chest pain that ought to be identified during telephone triage for emergency calls.

Methods

We conducted a Delphi study in three rounds. Twenty experts in pre-hospital care and emergency medicine experience from the UK were invited to participate. In round I, experts were asked to list all LTCs that would require priority 1, 2, and 4 ambulance responses. Round II was a ranking evaluation, and round III was a consensus round. Consensus level was predefined at > = 70%.

Results

A total of 15 participants responded to round one and 10 to rounds two and three. Of 185 conditions initially identified by the experts, 26 reached consensus in the final round. Ten conditions met consensus for requiring priority 1 response: oesophageal perforation/rupture; ST elevation myocardial infarction; non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with clinical compromise (defined, also by consensus, as oxygen saturation < 90%, heart rate < 40/min or systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg); acute heart failure; cardiac tamponade; life-threatening asthma; cardiac arrest; tension pneumothorax and massive pulmonary embolism. An additional six conditions met consensus for priority 2 response, and three for priority 4 response.

Conclusion

Using expert consensus, we have defined the LTCs that may present with chest pain, which ought to receive a high-priority ambulance response. This list of conditions can now form a composite primary outcome for future studies to derive and validate clinical prediction models that will optimise telephone triage for patients with a primary complaint of chest pain.
Outcomes from colonoscopy following referral from New Zealand general practice: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Lawrenson Ross , Moosa Sheena , Warren Judy , van Dalen Ralph , Chepulis Lynne , Blackmore Tania , Lao Chunhuan , Mayo Christopher , Kidd Jacquie , Firth Melissa , Stokes Tim , Elwood Mark , Weller David , Emery Jon
Published: December 2021

Background

New Zealand has high rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) but poor outcomes. Most patients with CRC are diagnosed following referral from general practice, where a general practitioner (GP) assesses symptoms according to national guidelines. All referred patients are then re-prioritised by the hospital system. The first objective of this study was to identify what proportion of patients referred by general practice to surgical/gastroenterology at Waikato District Health Board (DHB) had a colonoscopy. The second objective was to determine what proportion of these referrals have an underlying CRC and the factors associated with the likelihood of this diagnosis.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of e-referral data for patients aged 30–70+ who were referred from 75 general practices to general surgery, gastroenterology or direct to colonoscopy at Waikato DHB, 01 January 2015–31 December 2017. Primary and secondary outcome measures included the proportion and characteristics of patients who were having colonoscopy, and of those, who were diagnosed with CRC. Data were analysed using chi square and logistic regression.

Results

6718/20648 (32.5%) patients had a colonoscopy and 372 (5.5%) of these were diagnosed with CRC. The probability of having CRC following a colonoscopy increased with age (p value < 0.001). Females (p value < 0.001), non-Māori (p value < 0.001), and patients with a high suspicion of cancer (HSCan) label originating from their GP were more likely to have a colonoscopy, while the odds ratio of Māori having a colonoscopy was 0.66 (95% CI 0.60–0.73). The odds ratio of a CRC diagnosis following colonoscopy was 1.67 (95% CI 1.35–2.07) for men compared to women, and 2.34 (95% CI 1.70–3.22) for those with a GP HSCan label. Of the 585 patients referred with a GP HSCan, 423 (72.3%) were reprioritised by the hospital and 55 patients had their diagnosis unnecessarily delayed.

Conclusions

If a GP refers a patient with an HSCan, and the patient receives a colonoscopy, then the likelihood of having CRC is almost 15.0%. This would suggest that these patients should be routinely prioritised without further triage by the hospital. Further research is needed to understand why Māori are less likely to receive a colonoscopy following referral from general practice.
Geriatric Choosing Wisely choice of recommendations in France: a pragmatic approach based on clinical audits
Authors: Tannou T. , Menand E. , Veillard D. , Contreras J. Berthou , Slekovec C. , Daucourt V. , Somme D. , Corvol A. ,   on behalf of French Choosing Wisely Geriatric Group of the SFGG, Tannou T. , Menand E. , Veillard D. , Somme D. , Corvol A.
Published: December 2021

Background

The international Choosing Wisely campaign seeks to improve the appropriateness of care, notably through large campaigns among physicians and users designed to raise awareness of the risks inherent in overmedication.

Methods

In deploying the Choosing Wisely campaign, the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology chose early operationalization via a tool for clinical audit over a limited area before progressive dissemination. This enabled validation of four consensual recommendations concerning the management of urinary tract infections, the prolonged use of anxiolytics, the use of neuroleptics in dementia syndromes, and the use of statins in primary prevention. The fifth recommendation concerns the importance of a dialogue on the level of care. It was written by patient representatives directly involved in the campaign.

Results

The first cross-regional campaign in France involved 5337 chart screenings in 43 health facilities. Analysis of the results showed an important variability in practices between institutions and significant percentage of inappropriate prescriptions, notably of psychotropic medication.

Discussion

The high rate of participation of target institutions shows that geriatrics professionals are interested in the evaluation and optimization of professional practices. Frequent overuse of psychotropic medication highlights the need of campaigns to raise awareness and encourage deprescribing.
A multifaceted approach increased staff confidence to develop outside of school hours care as a health promoting setting
Authors: Forde Karen , Costello Leesa , Devine Amanda , Sambell Ros , Wallace Ruth
Published: December 2021

Background

Outside-of-school-hours-care (OSHC) services are well positioned to influence the health behaviours of 489, 800 Australian children, and are an important setting for health promotion given the current rates of childhood overweight and obesity and associated health risks. OSHC Professionals are ideally placed to become positive influencers in this setting, although they may require training and support to confidently perform this role. This study piloted a multifaceted intervention strategy to increase OSHC Professional’s confidence and competencies, to support a health promoting OSHC environment with a nutrition and physical activity focus.

Methods

A mixed methods approach was used. Nineteen OSHC Professionals participated in the study, including a face-to-face workshop, supported by a closed Facebook group and website. Role adequacy (self-confidence) and legitimacy (professional responsibility) were measured pre and post workshop and evaluated using non-parametric statistics. Facebook interactions were monitored, and four participants undertook qualitative exit interviews to discuss their experiences with the intervention.

Results

Pre-workshop 68% of participants had not received any OSHC-specific health promotion training. Post-workshop significant improvements in confidence about menu planning, accessing nutrition information, activities and recipes was observed (P < 0.05 for all). A significant improvement was observed in role support and role related training (P < 0.05). A high level of support and interaction was observed between participants on Facebook and the website was reported a useful repository of information.

Conclusions

Health promotion training, combined with positive social connections, shared learning experiences, and a website improved OSHC Professionals confidence and capacity to provide a health promoting OSHC environment. Health promotion professional development for OSHC professionals should be mandated as a minimum requirement, and such learning opportunities should be scaffolded with support available through social media interactions and website access.
Complications and risk factors of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Fan Ning , Yuan Shuo , Du Peng , Wu Qichao , Wang Tianyi , Wang Aobo , Li Jian , Kong Xiaochuan , Zhu Wenyi , Zang Lei
Published: December 2021

Background

With the advancements in surgical methods, optical designs, and surgical instruments, percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) has become an effective and minimally invasive procedure to treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in recent years. Few studies have focused on the complications associated with the treatment of LSS using percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). This study aimed to summarize the complications of PETD and identify the associated risk factors.

Methods

Complications in a total of 738 consecutive LSS patients who underwent single-level PETD were retrospectively recorded and analyzed between January 2016 and July 2020. In addition, a matched case-control study was designed, and according to the date of operation, the control group was matched with patients without complications, with a matching ratio of 1:3. Demographic parameters included age, sex, BMI, smoking and drinking status, comorbidity, and surgical level. The radiological parameters included grade of surgical-level disc degeneration, number of degenerative lumbar discs, grade of lumbar spinal stenosis, degenerative lumbar scoliosis, lumbar lordosis, disc angle, and disc height index. Univariate analysis was performed using independent samples t-test and chi-squared test.

Results

The incidence of different types of complications was 9.76% (72/738). The complications and occurrence rates were as follows: recurrence of LSS (rLSS), 2.30% (17/738); persistent lumbosacral or lower extremity pain, 3.79% (28/738); dural tear, 1.90% (14/738); incomplete decompression, 0.81% (6/738); surgical site infection, 0.41% (3/738); epidural hematoma, 0.27% (2/738); and intraoperative posterior neck pain, 0.27% (2/738). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, the grade of surgical-level disc degeneration (P < 0.001) and the number of disc degeneration levels (P = 0.004) were significantly related to the complications.

Conclusion

Complications in the treatment of LSS using PELD included rLSS, persistent pain of the lumbosacral or lower extremity, dural tear, incomplete decompression, surgical site infection, epidural hematoma, and intraoperative posterior neck pain. In addition, old age, severe grade of surgical-level disc degeneration and more disc degeneration levels significantly increased the incidence of complications.
Safer prescription of drugs: impact of the PREFASEG system to aid clinical decision-making in primary care in Catalonia
Authors: Pons-Mesquida M. Àngels , Oms-Arias Míriam , Diogène-Fadini Eduard , Figueras Albert
Published: December 2021

Background

In 2008, the Institut Català de la Salut (ICS, Catalan Health Institute) implemented a prescription decision support system in its electronic clinical workstation (ECW), which automatically generates online alerts for general practitioners when a possible medication-related problem (MRP) is detected. This tool is known as PREFASEG, and at the time of beginning a new treatment, it automatically assesses the suitability of the treatment for the individual patient. This analysis is based on ongoing treatments, demographic characteristics, existing pathologies, and patient biochemical variables. As a result of the assessment, therapeutic recommendations are provided. The objective of this study is to present the PREFASEG tool, analyse the main alerts that it generates, and determine the degree of alert acceptance.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to analyse the generation of MRP-related alerts detected by PREFASEG during 2016, 2017, and 2018 in primary care (PC) in Catalonia. The number of MRP alerts generated, the drugs involved, and the acceptance/rejection of the alerts were analysed. An alert was considered "accepted" when the medication that generated the alert was not prescribed, thereby following the recommendation given by the tool. The MRP alerts studied were therapeutic duplications, safety alerts issued by the Spanish Medicines Agency, and drugs not recommended for use in geriatrics. The prescriptions issued by 6411 ICS PC physicians who use the ECW and provide their services to 5.8 million Catalans through 288 PC teams were analysed.

Results

During the 3 years examined, 67.2 million new prescriptions were analysed, for which PREFASEG generated 4,379,866 alerts (1 for every 15 new treatments). A total of 1,222,159 alerts (28%) were accepted. Pharmacological interactions and therapeutic duplications were the most detected alerts, representing 40 and 30% of the total alerts, respectively. The main pharmacological groups involved in the safety alerts were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

Conclusions

During the period analysed, 28% of the prescriptions wherein a toxicity-related PREFASEG alert was generated led to treatment modification, thereby helping to prevent the generation of potential safety MRPs. However, the tool should be further improved to increase alert acceptance and thereby improve patient safety.
Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown on mental health among post-secondary students in the Grand Est region of France: results of the PIMS-CoV19 study
Authors: Baumann Cédric , Rousseau Hélène , Tarquinio Cyril , Batt Martine , Tarquinio Pascale , Lebreuilly Romain , Sorsana Christine , Legrand Karine , Guillemin Francis , Bourion-Bédès Stéphanie
Published: December 2021

Background

The COVID-19 epidemic has sent students around the world in to lockdown. This study sought to assess the prevalence of impaired self-perceived mental health and identify associated factors among French post-secondary students during the lockdown.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among French students living in the Grand Est area in France from May 7 to 17, 2020 during the first lockdown. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic data, learning and teaching conditions, living conditions, and exposure to COVID-19, and self-perceived mental health was assessed with mental composite score (MCS) of the SF-12.

Results

Overall, 4018 were analyzed. Most participants were female (70.7%), and the mean age was 21.7 years (SD 4.0). The mean MCS score was 44.5 (SD 17.3). Impaired mental health, defined by a MCS < 1st Quartile, was mainly associated with female sex; decreased time for learning; not having access to the outside with a garden, a terrace or a balcony; difficulties with the living situation and having someone in the home affected by the SARS-COV2 requiring hospitalization or not.

Conclusions

This study showed that living conditions during lockdown had a clear impact on the mental health of French post-secondary students. There is a need to improve prevention and to access distance education as well as an urgent need for measures to develop healthy coping strategies for students. This is significant challenge and will assist in moderating the risk for the development of further distress and mental health concerns.
TopoRoot: a method for computing hierarchy and fine-grained traits of maize roots from 3D imaging
Authors: Zeng Dan , Li Mao , Jiang Ni , Ju Yiwen , Schreiber Hannah , Chambers Erin , Letscher David , Ju Tao , Topp Christopher N.
Published: December 2021

Background

3D imaging, such as X-ray CT and MRI, has been widely deployed to study plant root structures. Many computational tools exist to extract coarse-grained features from 3D root images, such as total volume, root number and total root length. However, methods that can accurately and efficiently compute fine-grained root traits, such as root number and geometry at each hierarchy level, are still lacking. These traits would allow biologists to gain deeper insights into the root system architecture.

Results

We present TopoRoot, a high-throughput computational method that computes fine-grained architectural traits from 3D images of maize root crowns or root systems. These traits include the number, length, thickness, angle, tortuosity, and number of children for the roots at each level of the hierarchy. TopoRoot combines state-of-the-art algorithms in computer graphics, such as topological simplification and geometric skeletonization, with customized heuristics for robustly obtaining the branching structure and hierarchical information. TopoRoot is validated on both CT scans of excavated field-grown root crowns and simulated images of root systems, and in both cases, it was shown to improve the accuracy of traits over existing methods. TopoRoot runs within a few minutes on a desktop workstation for images at the resolution range of 400^3, with minimal need for human intervention in the form of setting three intensity thresholds per image.

Conclusions

TopoRoot improves the state-of-the-art methods in obtaining more accurate and comprehensive fine-grained traits of maize roots from 3D imaging. The automation and efficiency make TopoRoot suitable for batch processing on large numbers of root images. Our method is thus useful for phenomic studies aimed at finding the genetic basis behind root system architecture and the subsequent development of more productive crops.
Rapid progression of chorioretinal atrophy in punctate inner choroiditis: a case report
Authors: Kasuya Yuka , Inoue Yuji , Inoda Satoru , Arai Yusuke , Takahashi Hidenori , Kawashima Hidetoshi , Yanagi Yasuo
Published: December 2021

Background

The chorioretinal inflammatory lesions occurring in punctate inner choroiditis evolve into punched-out atrophic scars. Typically, the progression is gradual. We report a case of highly myopic punctate inner choroiditis with rapid progression of chorioretinal atrophy.

Case presentation

A 48-year-old Japanese woman with high myopia presented with decreased visual acuity. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/28 in the right eye and 20/16 in the left eye; axial length was 29.0 mm and 28.7 mm, respectively. Fundoscopy revealed an epiretinal membrane in the left eye. Three years later, the best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye had decreased to 20/33; at this time, the patient underwent vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling in this eye. Six months later, the best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye decreased suddenly to 20/100. Optical coherence tomography showed a nodule-like lesion in the outer retina with disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium and a focally thickened choroid, compatible with PIC. One month later, the choroidal thickness had decreased. The central chorioretinal atrophy expanded rapidly at a rate of 0.45 mm2/year over the next 3 years, and new areas of patchy focal chorioretinal atrophy developed in the perifovea.

Conclusions

Rapid progression of chorioretinal atrophy was observed in a patient with punctate inner choroiditis. Because punctate inner choroiditis is often associated with degenerative myopia, the retina is fragile and may be susceptible to mechanical damage. This case report alerts clinicians to the need for careful management of patients with punctate inner choroiditis, especially after vitrectomy.
Sustainable and invisible anti-counterfeiting inks based on waterborne polyurethane and upconversion nanoparticles for leather products
Authors: Xiang Jun , Lin Jianxun , Wang Zhonghui , Zhou Shenglin , Wang Zhenya , Yan Qiang , Liu Yidong , Fan Haojun
Published: December 2021

Counterfeit leather products infringe the intellectual property rights of the business, cause enormous economic loss, and negatively influence the business enthusiasm for innovation. However, traditional anti-counterfeiting materials for leather products suffer from complicated fabrication procedures, photobleaching, and high volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Here, a sustainable and invisible anti-counterfeiting ink composed of waterborne polyurethane and water-dispersible lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) featuring ease of preparation, high photostability, non-toxicity, low VOC emissions, and strong adhesion strength for leather products is designed and synthesized. After decorating on the surface of leather products, the obtained patterns are invisible under normal light conditions. Upon irradiation at 808 nm, the invisible patterns can be observed by naked eyes due to the visible light emitted by 808 nm excited UCNPs. Our approach described here opens a new pathway to realize the long-term, stable anti-counterfeiting function of leather products.

Graphical Abstract
Pituitary MRI Standard and Advanced Sequences: Role in the Diagnosis and Characterization of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Gadelha Mônica R , Barbosa Monique Alvares , Lamback Elisa Baranski , Wildemberg Luiz Eduardo , Kasuki Leandro , Ventura Nina
Published: December 2021

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) represent the most frequently found lesions in the sellar region; however, several other lesions may be encountered in this region, such as meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, and aneurysms. High-quality imaging is fundamental for diagnosis, characterization, and guidance of treatment planning of PAs. Sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of lesions in the sella turcica. The sellar MRI standard protocol includes coronal and sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo sequencing with and without gadolinium-based contrast agent and coronal T2-weighted (T2w) fast-spin echo sequencing. A systematic MRI approach to the pituitary region generally provides information that includes the size and shape of the PA, the presence of cysts or hemorrhage within the tumor, its relationship with the optic pathways and surrounding structures, potential cavernous sinus invasion, sphenoid sinus pneumatization type, and differential diagnosis with other sellar lesions. The standard protocol is sufficient for the evaluation of most cases; however, some advanced techniques (susceptibility imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, 3D T2w high-resolution sequences, magnetic resonance elastography, perfusion-weighted imaging) may render additional information, which may be important for some cases. In this “approach to the patient” manuscript, we will discuss the use of standard and advanced MRI sequences in the diagnosis and characterization of PAs, including MRI features associated with treatment response that may aid in presurgical evaluation and planning, and red flags that may point to an alternative diagnosis.
De nação startup a nação unicórnio
Authors: Sarfati Gilberto
Published: December 2021

Israel transformou-se de berço de empresas nascentes a cluster de multinacionais tecnológicas com indução do governo, apoio das universidades e interconexão de pessoas e de capital com o mundo.
Como obter diversidade no ensino superior
Authors: Hadasa Blank Tali
Published: December 2021

O Hadassah Academic College construiu expertise na inclusão de árabes israelenses e judeus ultraortodoxos na universidade, dando atenção individualizada e preparando os alunos para obter bons empregos ou abrir uma startup após a graduação.
Perspectivas para 2022
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: December 2021

nvestidores permanecerão com o dinheiro empoçado, esperando o desenlace eleitoral de 2022, outro ano de provável recessão ou, na melhor das hipóteses, de crescimento raquítico.
North American Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Wordliczek Łukasz
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the relationship between the United States and Mexico from the perspective of the US national security. The key areas of strategic interest in Mexico on the part of the United States include: limiting illegal immigration, fighting drug-related crime, economic cooperation, both bilateral and in the wider international dimension, for example the North American Free Trade Agreement. According to the United States, all three factors and their successful implementation are necessary and constituent elements of the national interest of the United States in its most important scope, that is, in increasing the security of the state. The analysis focuses on the U.S. economic relations with Mexico at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The basis of economic relations between these countries is the North American Free Trade Agreement. The genesis of the NAFTA agreement and its effects on mutual relations in the context of the U.S. national interest and security was presented. Additionally, the reasons for President Donald Trump’s change from NAFTA to USMCA are described, from the perspective of U.S. strategic interests.
Rywalizacja chińsko-amerykańska w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku: Analiza porównawcza polityki Baracka Obamy i Donalda Trumpa
Authors: Grabowski Marcin
Published: December 2021

Sino-American Rivalry in the Second Decade of the 21st Century: A Comparative Analysis of Barack Obama and Donald Trump Policies
The Sino-American trade war has become a symbol of rivalry for leadership in the international system. It also attracts growing attention to the problem of possible change to the regional and global hegemony. The debate with its possible ramifications is clear to academics, the media and political elites. However, it has focused on a limited scope of factors and mostly at the leadership level of, most notably, the United States of America. Considering its complexity, the issue of US policy towards China should be analyzed at various levels. These include the presidents, their collaborators, domestic politics and US strategy, and, finally, the international system as it experiences the relative change of power distribution. The main goal of this article is to analyze the recent US administrations’ strategy towards the People’s Republic of China. This is in the context of changes to the international system, focusing on the relative change of power distribution. The hypothesis driving this article states that the US strategy towards China is a response to the changing relative distribution of power in the regional and global system. It follows that American administrations differ rather in methods than in goals of foreign policy. This text is prepared with reference to the Power Transition Theory of A. Organski and J. Kugler, and the research is based on the US strategic documents’ analysis and statistical analysis of the power distribution in the system.
Tunisian Military and Regime Change
Authors: Blagojevic Jelisaveta
Published: December 2021

This paper has several research objectives. They are related to the description of the position of the military in the non-democratic regime in Tunisia, as well as to the clarification of its role in the overthrow of the regime, that is, to the identification of the causal factors that determine the military role during uprisings. The purpose of this paper is to show that the support of the military or its neutral position during such uprisings represents necessary condition for success of transition from a non-democratic regime. Applying two-level model of analyses based on the strategic approach to transition, we concluded that the nature of civil-military relations in the previous regime and the nature of protest determine the role of the military in the uprisings. In other words, the character of the previous non-democratic regime and the initiators of transition settle the model and the results of transition, and its consolidation.
Save Face or Save Life: Physicians’ Dilemma in Using Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Liang Huigang , Xue Yajiong
Published: December 2021

Humans think both rationally and heuristically. So do physicians. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) provide advice to physicians that could save patients’ lives, but they could also make physicians feel face loss because of submission to machine intelligence, leading to a perplexing dilemma. Thinking rationally, physicians focus on fulfilling their professional duty to save patients and should follow advice from CDSS to improve care quality. Thinking heuristically, they focus on protecting their authoritative image to maintain face and are inclined to avoid embarrassment by resisting CDSS. Through a longitudinal survey and follow-up interviews with a group of Chinese physicians, we find that the dilemma does exist. Moreover, face loss has a stronger effect on CDSS resistance when physicians have high autonomy. When time pressure is high, perceived usefulness more strongly reduces, whereas face loss more strongly increases CDSS resistance, worsening the dilemma. As face is a universal social concern existing in both Eastern and Western cultures, this research generates insights regarding why physicians are slow in adopting information technology innovations.
On Linear Programming for Constrained and Unconstrained Average-Cost Markov Decision Processes with Countable Action Spaces and Strictly Unbounded Costs
Authors: Yu Huizhen
Published: December 2021

We consider the linear programming approach for constrained and unconstrained Markov decision processes (MDPs) under the long-run average-cost criterion, where the class of MDPs in our study have Borel state spaces and discrete countable action spaces. Under a strict unboundedness condition on the one-stage costs and a recently introduced majorization condition on the state transition stochastic kernel, we study infinite-dimensional linear programs for the average-cost MDPs and prove the absence of a duality gap and other optimality results. Our results do not require a lower-semicontinuous MDP model. Thus, they can be applied to countable action space MDPs where the dynamics and one-stage costs are discontinuous in the state variable. Our proofs make use of the continuity property of Borel measurable functions asserted by Lusin’s theorem.
Contra imagens: apagamento, iconoclastia, devoração e demonização
Authors: Klein Alberto
Published: December 2021

Este artigo pretende tipificar gestos de insurgência contra as imagens, a saber: o apagamento, a iconoclastia, a devoração e a demonização. Eles constituem uma resposta a algo dito anteriormente pela imagem, sendo frutos de agenciamentos específicos. A identificação destas atitudes se evidencia a partir da interlocução de pesquisas entre Mondzain, Mitchell, Belting e Baitello Jr.Palavras-chave: Imagem; iconoclastia; economia da imagem; demonização.
“INGLÊS NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA É COMPLICADO”: ENTENDENDO NOSSAS CRENÇAS / “English classes in a public school is complicated”: understanding students’ beliefs
Authors: Souza Emanuelle Fonseca
Published: December 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho é um recorte da minha pesquisa de mestrado e tem como objetivo principal gerar entendimentos sobre como alguns de meus alunos de uma escola estadual do Rio de Janeiro constroem discursivamente as suas crenças (BARCELOS, 2004; 2005; 2006) a respeito das aulas de inglês na escola. Para guiar esse estudo, baseio-me nos princípios da Prática Exploratória (MORAES BEZERRA, 2007; MILLER et al., 2008; ALLWRIGHT; HANKS, 2009), por buscar entendimentos sobre as crenças que influenciam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Além disso, busco entender as identidades que são coconstruídas (MOITA LOPES, 2002) e que emergem na interação de nossas ‘conversas exploratórias’ (MILLER, 2001; MORAES BEZERRA, 2007; NUNES, MORAES BEZERRA, 2013). Como configuração de pesquisa, fundamento-me nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, numa perspectiva ético-metodológica da Prática Exploratória, a partir do conceito de pesquisa do praticante [practitioner research] (HANKS, 2017) que se apresenta como uma grande área de pesquisa comprometida em investigar a prática dos que trabalham em contextos em que o conhecimento é construído. Durante as conversas, meus ex-alunos expõem suas crenças e emoções experienciadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa enquanto alunos. Assim, me auxiliando a construir meus entendimentos como sua professora e uma docente em formação continuada. Compreendo esse movimento como uma tentativa de ampliar os entendimentos não somente ao que se refere ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, mas principalmente, gerar entendimentos ao que se refere às relações humanas.
THOMAS MORE E OS EPIGRAMAS LATINOS: UM ESTUDO DE TRADUÇÃO
Authors: Arantes Tais Turaça , Florêncio Francisco De Assis
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo possui como objetivo geral apresentar em seu escopo um estudo de tradução com comentários. Sendo assim, o corpus de análise são os epigramas latinos de Thomas More. A pesquisa é qualitativa e a sua metodologia é de cunho bibliográfico, valendo-se de publicações científicas em periódicos, livros, dicionário e anais de congresso. O embasamento teórico da primeira parte traz estudos dos pesquisadores da área da literatura, filosofia e teologia, tais como: Wood (1999); Ranson, 2009, Hoschele (2015), dentre outros. A conclusão do nosso trabalho é de que os epigramas possuem uma grande importância dentro da obra de Thomas More, pois além de mostrar a sua habilidade de escrita com o gênero, também demonstra quão grande conhecedor  da língua latina ele era.
O PERCURSO DO HERÓI EM SÃO BERNARDO: PAULO HONÓRIO COMO UM MODELO CLÁSSICO
Authors: Silva Amós Coêlho da , Nascimento Melise Santiago
Published: December 2021

São incontáveis as heranças deixadas pelos antigos à Civilização Ocidental. É seguro afirmar que a influência daqueles se manifesta em campos que parecem inteiramente opostos, mas que estão intrinsecamente presentes na nossa sociedade. Dessa forma, podem-se encontrar seus ecos também na literatura, aqui considerados os personagens cuja trajetória se assemelha à daqueles que viveram nas grandes epopeias e tragédias: os heróis. Neste breve estudo, encontra-se um levantamento, apoiado principalmente na Poética de Aristóteles, das principais características do herói clássico. Em seguida apresenta-se uma análise de sua trajetória em cotejamento com a narrativa de Paulo Honório, em São Bernardo, obra de Graciliano Ramos. O que será percebido é que existem pontos de toque entre a narrativa do herói e a do personagem em questão.
RINDO, MAS COM ELEGÂNCIA: O PROGRAMA SATÍRICO DE QUINTO HORÁCIO FLACO
Authors: Castro Marihá Barbosa e , Leite Leni Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho discute o estabelecimento do gênero sátira em Roma a partir das contribuições de Quinto Horácio Flaco nos Sermones. Ainda que Lucílio tenha sido apontado por Horácio como inventor e modelo da sátira romana, o poeta augustano não encarou o modelo através de limites, resguardando boa quantidade de liberdade e flexibilidade para criar. Horácio promoveu transformações através da redução e do refinamento e, mesmo tendo adotado o estilo e a forma dos poemas de Lucílio, criticou severamente o inventor do gênero. A sátira horaciana é uma invenção consciente e de natureza experimental que se destacou por ter trazido elementos da estética helenística para a sátira luciliana. Horácio constrói em seus Sermones um programa satírico ou um pequeno tratado sobre o gênero e demonstra verdadeira preocupação com o engenho e o estilo, criticando vícios de escrita e sugerindo as maneiras moderadas e pertinentes de compor sátira.
OS “AMORES” EM PÚCHKIN
Authors: Siphone Raquel
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho propõe discutir o retrato do amor em um pequeno recorte da lírica puchkiniana. Buscamos mostrar como o autor faz uso das possibilidades literárias ao eleger um leitmotiv tão recorrente na história da literatura, como é oo do retrato amoroso. Púchkin se filia a uma tradição erótica literária, somando a ela suas idiossincrasias poéticas. Por se tratar de um autor que conta com uma tradução tímida e esparsa em língua portuguesa – sobretudo no gênero lírico –, trazemos, em nosso comentário, as traduções dos textos aqui analisados.
ESPORTE E GUERRA NAS OLÍMPICAS, DE PÍNDARO.
Authors: Rocha Roosevelt
Published: December 2021

Neste texto, leremos alguns trechos selecionados de várias Olímpicas e examinaremos com mais atenção a Olímpica 10, de Píndaro, que trata da fundação mítica dos jogos realizada por Héracles. O que pretendo demonstrar aqui é que, em Píndaro, existe um equivalência entre o atleta e o guerreiro e que a glória alcançada por um competidor pode ser comparada à glória de um guerreiro.
Concepções da equipe de enfermagem sobre cuidados paliativos em recém-nascidos
Authors: Fernandes Vanessa Daudt , Sá Neto José Antonio de , Coutinho Katia Aparecida Andrade , Reis Adriana Teixeira , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: descrever a percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca dos cuidados paliativos ao recém-nascido em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: estudo qualitativo de caráter descritivo exploratório, realizado a partir de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado com 16 profissionais de enfermagem. Para tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes categorias: “Cuidado paliativo neonatal: o olhar da equipe de enfermagem”; “À beira leito: a enfermagem e o cuidado paliativo neonatal”; “Desafios e limitações para a implementação dos cuidados paliativos ao RN e sua família”. Conclusão: falar sobre cuidados paliativos também parece ainda configurar-se como um tabu entre os profissionais, que apresentaram narrativas dissonantes. É necessária a discussão de cuidados paliativos no âmbito acadêmico e profissional, a fim de qualificar as equipes para o enfrentamento cotidiano de casos neonatais onde não há perspectiva de cura.
The Glasgow Coma Scale: a tool to decide the need for tracheal intubation in acutely intoxicated patients?
Authors: Sadler Andrew , Senthilvel Nallavenkat
Published: December 2021

The Glasgow Coma Scale aids decision making with regards to advanced airway management of acutely intoxicated patients. There is some evidence for lower levels of gastric aspiration when using a Glasgow Coma Scale score of eight or less to decide upon tracheal intubation, but this is not substantiated in the literature.
Frontal knee alignment influences the vertical orientation of the femoral neck in standing position
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S. , Weinrich Luise , Giebel Gregor M. , Beyer Myriam R. , Stöckle Ulrich , Konrads Christian
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the association between knee alignment and the vertical orientation of the femoral neck in relation to the floor. This could be clinically important because changes of femoral neck orientation might alter chondral joint contact zones and joint reaction forces, potentially inducing problems like pain in pre-existing chondral degeneration. Further, the femoral neck orientation influences the ischiofemoral space and a small ischiofemoral distance can lead to impingement. We hypothesized that a valgus knee alignment is associated with a more vertical orientation of the femoral neck in standing position, compared to a varus knee. We further hypothesized that realignment surgery around the knee alters the vertical orientation of the femoral neck.

Methods

Long-leg standing radiographs of patients undergoing realignment surgery around the knee were used. The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and the vertical orientation of the femoral neck in relation to the floor were measured, prior to surgery and after osteotomy-site-union. Linear regression was performed to determine the influence of knee alignment on the vertical orientation of the femoral neck.

Results

The cohort included 147 patients who underwent knee realignment-surgery. The mean age was 51.5 years (SD 11). Overall, 106 patients underwent a valgisation-osteotomy, while 41 underwent varisation osteotomy. There was a significant association between the orientation of the knee and the coronal neck-orientation. In the varus group, the median orientation of the femoral neck was 46.5° (interquartile range (IQR) 49.7° to 50.0°), while in the valgus group, the orientation was 52.0° (IQR 46.5° to 56.7°; p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that HKA demonstrated a direct influence on the coronal neck-orientation ( β = 0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2 to 0.7); p = 0.002). Linear regression also showed that realignment surgery was associated with a significant influence on the change in the coronal femoral neck orientation ( β = 5.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 9.8); p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Varus or valgus knee alignment is associated with either a more horizontal or a more vertical femoral neck orientation in standing position, respectively. Subsequently, osteotomies around the knee alter the vertical orientation of the femoral neck. These aspects are of importance when planning osteotomies around the knee in order to appreciate the effects on the adjacent hip joint. The concept may be of even more relevance in dysplastic hips. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1057–1061.
An integrated study of Landsat ETM and Cartosat DEM data in identification of banded iron formations (BIFs) associated with sulphide mineralization
Authors: Agasnalli Chandrashekharappa
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the identification of BIFs and associated sulphide mineralisation. An integrated approach, including the use of Landsat ETM-plus and Cartosat DEM data, GIS analysis, and geological data, is adopted for this purpose in the Nagavi area of Gadag Schist Belt (GSB), India. This integrated approach has enabled in identifying BIFs and structures. Band-7 of the ETM-plus sensor of Landsat-7 is used to identify BIFs and Band-5 for lineaments and shear zones. As a result of this study, the presence of gold mineralisation in sheared zones is noticed. BIFs are the economically prominent litho-units in the GSB hosting high-grade iron ore deposits along with sulphide mineralised shear zones. The strata bound ore is hosted primarily by BIF, consisting of chlorite, alternating chert and magnetite, sulphides and carbonate bands of a millimetre to centimetre scale.