bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on effects of osteopathic technique in fatty liver
Authors: Mirajkar Nikita Balkrishna , Ghosh Tirthankar
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Aim: The prevalence of fatty liver is increasing worldwide and has also been observed in young adults. Fatty liver can lead to decreased liver function, which can lead to many digestive disorders and symptoms such as right upper quadrant pain, back pain, constipation, fatigue, bloating, and even loss of appetite. Liver manipulation techniques can help reduce hepatocyte inflammation, loosen the attached fascia, reduce pain, and improve liver function. The study aims to evaluate the effects of osteopathic techniques on fatty liver.

 

Materials and Methods: Ten participants with fatty liver were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. One session per subject once a week was given for 3 consecutive weeks. Pre and post-data were analysed.

 

Results: The study demonstrated differences in the outcome measures pre and post-treatment. There was a significant change observed on both the outcome measures, which was statistically significant on USG and on SGOT/SGPT with p=0.05.

 

Conclusion: From the present study we can conclude that liver manipulation techniques are clinically effective in fatty liver conditions.
Effect of prolidase on the development of varicose veins in pregnant women
Authors: Al-Bahrani Maha H.
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Aim: Varicose veins are more common during pregnancy and, if left untreated, can cause venous insufficiency and edema in the legs. Women have venous insufficiency both before and after pregnancy. According to research, the cytosolic metalloproteinase prolidase regulates the breakdown of collagen and other proteins in the extracellular matrix. Prolidase deficiency, which impairs the enzyme's normal function, has severe clinical manifestations. The objective of this study is to discover how the enzyme prolidase influences the development of varicose veins in pregnant women.

 

Materials and Methods: This study included approximately 70 women aged 25-45 years who were pregnant in their third trimester. The participants were assigned to two groups based on diagnosis of having varicose veins (n=40) and those without (n=30). Quantitative measurements of serum progesterone and prolidase concentrations were made. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis.

 

Results: Varicose veins were prevalent in 57.14% of the pregnant women, the severity of which increased with age. The mean blood concentrations of progesterone and prolidase levels were higher in pregnant women with varicose veins in comparison to controls.

 

Conclusion: Chronic venous insufficiency and mild varicose veins are more common in pregnant women aged 40 years and above. An increased level of progesterone and prolidase enzyme in serum was seen to be associated with chronic varicose insufficiency in pregnant women.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of Lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GV54 and Lactiplantibacillus sp. GV66
Authors: Vasudha Mahanthesh , M. N. Kalasad , S. C. Sharath , Gayathri Devaraja
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Aim: The enzyme beta-galactosidase is extremely important in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The goal of this work was to improve the lactose hydrolysis process employing beta-galactosidase to convert glucose and galactose for alleviating lactose intolerance.
 
Methods: Intracellular beta-galactosidase was extracted from Lactiplantibacillus spp. (GV54 and GV66) by cell permeabilized method using toluene/acetone solvents. Lactose hydrolysis was performed using 50 g/L of lactose with partially purified beta-galactosidase enzyme at different time intervals 2, 4, 6 and 12 h. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the degree of hydrolysis at different time intervals and lactose hydrolysis was high at 6 h of incubation.
 
Results: The FTIR peak of lactose molecules hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase (GV54 and GV66) with different time intervals (2h, 4h, 6h, and 12h) indicates similarities in bond lengths and vibrational modes. The amide I group of beta-galactosidase is uniformly bound to lactose at 1634 per cm and C-H group of glucose and galactose was observed at 1386 per cm. In the range of 2000-800 per cm, we could identify variations in the shape and strength of these peaks, compared with control (lactose solution).
 
Conclusion: The precise and direct measurement of individual carbohydrates such as glucose and galactose in lactose solution hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase enzyme was successfully accomplished using FTIR spectrometry. Comparing FTIR analysis to traditional procedures, the time required is drastically decreased. These findings have the analytical power to follow the dynamics of in vitro enzymatic activity of naturally occurring substrates rich in natural carbohydrate polymers.
Epidemiology, prognostication and treatment outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumour: A single centre prospective study
Authors: Prasad S. Neena , Meyur Suman , Maiti Das Sumana , Paul Souvik , Basu Siddhartha , Das Siddhartha
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Aim: GI stromal tumours (GISTs) being most frequent mesenchymal tumours of the alimentary tract have few studies on epidemiology in this subcontinent. The current prospective study is aimed at gathering data on the molecular epidemiology and possible effect of molecular markers on standard pathological prognostic factors and also to measure the overall disease outcome.

 

Materials and Methods: In this prospective epidemiologic study conducted from 2016 to 2019, all GIST patients registering at the Radiotherapy Department of IPGME & R, Kolkata, India; identified by histopathology were prescribed pre-specified immune-histochemical tests and offered a protocolized treatment. The patients were followed up for a minimum of twelve months and on average for thirty months, to watch for disease progression.

 

Results: A total of 38 patients with median age 49.5 years with male predominance (p= 0.005) presented most commonly with abdominal pain (42.1%); jejunum (31.6%) followed by stomach (26.3%) being most common sites, spindle cell type (78.9%) being commonest histological type. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression for SMA (7.9%), DOG1 (28.9%), CD34 (31.6%), CD117/cKIT (65.8%). CD117 positivity (Rho= -0.366, p=0.024) has negative association with mitotic count, whereas DOG1 (Rho=.513, p=0.001) and CD34 (Rho=.459, p=0.004) positivity have positive association with tumour dimension. DOG1 positivity was found to be a contributing factor of disease progression (RR 12.57, p=0.035).

 

Conclusion: In sub-continental patients, gender and age distribution of GISTs differ from western countries but not pathological features. Molecular markers have important prognostic significance.
Burdur Müzesi’nden Bes Amulet
Authors: SOSLU Salih , SOSLU Ayşegül
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada Burdur Müzesi’nden tanrı Bes amuleti tanıtılacaktır. Pisidia Bölgesi’nde şimdiye dek Mısır kültürüne ait çok sayıda arkeolojik buluntu ele geçmiştir. Ancak Mısır kökenli bir tanrı amuleti ile ilk kez karşılaşılmıştır. Bu amulet, Bes’in zoomorphik ve antropomorphik özellikler gösteren bir kült objesidir. İnananlar tarafından kötü ruhlara ve rahatsız edici varlıklara karşı manevi bir silah olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu şekildeki küçük ve taşınabilir amuletler, toplumlar arasındaki siyasi, sosyo-iktisadi ve askeri olaylar ile ortaya çıkan akültürasyon süreciyle Mısır’dan başlayarak Mezopotamya, Yakın Doğu, Akdeniz, Anadolu, Karadeniz ve Yunan toplumlarına kadar ulaşabilmiştir. Mısır’da Yeni Krallık Dönemi’nden Grek-Roma Dönemi’ne dek kullanım alanları oldukça çeşitlidir. Grek-Roma Dönemi’nden itibaren antropomorphik özellikleri ön planda tutularak üretilmiş amuletlerin popüler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu tipteki Burdur Müzesi amuleti de antropomorphik özellikleriyle dikkat çekmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu özellikler, Bes amuletin tanrı Silenos ile olan ilişkisinin bir işaretidir ve bu sebeple, tanrı Bes-Silenos birleşimi bir kült objesi olarak da incelenmiştir.
Computational Complexity-based Fractional-Order Neural Network Models for the Diagnostic Treatments and Predictive Transdifferentiability of Heterogeneous Cancer Cell Propensity
Authors: KARACA Yeliz
Published: February 2023

Neural networks and fractional order calculus are powerful tools for system identification through which there exists the capability of approximating nonlinear functions owing to the use of nonlinear activation functions and of processing diverse inputs and outputs as well as the automatic adaptation of synaptic elements through a specified learning algorithm. Fractional-order calculus, concerning the differentiation and integration of non-integer orders, is reliant on fractional-order thinking which allows better understanding of complex and dynamic systems, enhancing the processing and control of complex, chaotic and heterogeneous elements. One of the most characteristic features of biological systems is their different levels of complexity; thus, chaos theory seems to be one of the most

applicable areas of life sciences along with nonlinear dynamic and complex systems of living and non-living environment. Biocomplexity, with multiple scales ranging from molecules to cells and organisms, addresses complex structures and behaviors which emerge from nonlinear interactions of active biological agents. This sort of emergent complexity is concerned with the organization of molecules

into cellular machinery by that of cells into tissues as well as that of individuals to communities. Healthy systems sustain complexity in their lifetime and are chaotic, so complexity loss or chaos loss results in diseases. Within the mathematics-informed frameworks, fractional-order calculus based Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be employed for accurate understanding of complex biological

processes. This approach aims at achieving optimized solutions through the maximization of the model’s accuracy and minimization of computational burden and exhaustive methods. Relying on a transdifferentiable mathematics-informed framework and multifarious integrative methods concerning computational complexity, this study aims at establishing an accurate and robust model based upon

integration of fractional-order derivative and ANN for the diagnosis and prediction purposes for cancer cell whose propensity exhibits various transient and dynamic biological properties. The other aim is concerned with showing the significance of computational complexity for obtaining the fractional-order derivative with the least complexity in order that optimized solution could be achieved. The multifarious

scheme of the study, by applying fractional-order calculus to optimization methods, the advantageous aspect concerning model accuracy maximization has been demonstrated through the proposed method’s applicability and predictability aspect in various domains manifested by dynamic and nonlinear nature displaying different levels of chaos and complexity.
TEKSTUAL DAN KONTEKSTUAL DALAM MEMAHAMI HADIS
Authors: Zulfarizal Zulfarizal
Published: February 2023

Bagian yang paling rumit dalam memahami hadis ialah segala sesuatu yang dinisbatkan kepada Rasulullah SAW, dalam segala altivitas belaiu seperti perkataan, perbuatan, dan segala keputusan/ketetapannnya dalam statusnya sebagai utusan Allah SWT., sehingga harus perlu kosentrasi yang tinggi untuk memahaminya. Karena ia rasul akhir zaman, berarti aturannya pun untuk sepanjang zaman, padahal kenyataannya dalam sejarah  ia hidup pada waktu tertentu dan zaman tertentu pula. Maka sudah seharusnya pula memahami hadis, tidak hanya melalui pendekatan tekstual ansich apabila menginginkan agar hadis senantiasa berlaku sepanjang zaman dan dimanapun tempat (Salihun li Kulli Zaman wa li Kulli Makan), mengingat problem kehidupan dewasa ini semakin kompleks. Oleh karena itu, perlu dalam memahaminya dilakukan pendekatan secara kontekstual. Hal ini berarti, dalam memahami hadis atau sunnah dengan mengacu pada latar belakang, siatuasi dan kondisi serta kedudukannya ketika hadis atau sunnah tersebut disabdakan (qawliyah), ditetapkan (taqririyah), dilakukan atau disaksiskan (af’aliyah).
KONTRIBUSI PENGKAJIAN HADIS DALAM PEMBENTUKAN TEKSTUALISME ISLAM
Authors: Huda M. Khoirul
Published: February 2023

Artikel ini menyoroti sejarah perkembangan pemahaman tekstual terhadap teks sumber ajaran Islam. Dengan melakukan survei literatur karya sarjana klasik dan modern, tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan hubungan dan peran teks hadis dalam membentuk tradisi tekstualisme dalam kesarjanaan Muslim. Dalam upaya ini, ditemukan sejumlah hal. Pertama, pemahaman tekstual dalam tradisi keilmuan Islam telah eksis sejak ribuan tahun dan memiliki sejarah panjang. Keberadaannya dapat dilacak hingga era kenabian. Bahkan, ia telah muncul sebelum tradisi teks (baca: tulisan) muncul dalam kebudayaan Islam. Kedua, pengkajian terhadap hadis telah melahirkan berbagai genre literatur kitab hadis seperti maghazi, sirah nabawiyah, muwatha’, musnad, jami’, sunan, mu’jam dan lain sebagainya, di samping literatur yang kaya terkait ‘ulum al-hadith dan rijal al-hadith. Ketiga, kodifikasi hadis dan ilmu hadis memberikan pengaruh cukup kuat dalam tumbuhnya tradisi pemahaman tesktual terhadap teks-teks pokok Islam. Keempat, ada beragam jenis tekstualisme. Ada tekstualisme keras (wooden textualism) dan lunak (soft textualism), tekstualisme-literalis, tekstualisme mazhabis, dan tekstualisme sufistik. Kelima, generalisir terhadap seluruh pemahaman tekstual dalam kerangka negatif, seperti dikembangkan sebagian sarjana hermeneutika kontemporer, agaknya perlu ditinjau ulang.
METODOLOGI SYARAH HADIS NABI SAW
Authors: Zulfarizal Zulfarizal , Mardiyatul Ch Alya
Published: February 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan metode syarah atau penjelasan hadis di kitab Shahih Bukhari yang di tulis oleh Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqalani yang terdapat dalam kitabnya, yakni Fathul Bari’. Selanjutnya di deskripsikan juga terkait latar belakang penulisan, sistematika penulisan, metode penulisan, contoh syarah serta menyebutkan kelebihan dan kekuarangannya. Untuk menemukan metode syarah maka digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Merupakan jenis penelitian pustaka yang data-data nya bersumber dari literatur berupa buku atau kitab. Hasil penelitian ini adalah metode syarah kitab Fathul Bari’ menggunakan 3 metode yakni, tahlili dengan menjelaskan secara rinci terkait hadis yang di syarah, metode muqaran dengan menyebutkan bandingan dari pendapat-pendapat para ulama dalam mensyarah hadis tersebut dan metode maudhu’i atau tematik sesuai dengan bab-bab fiqih dan di sesuaikan dengan urutan judul kitab yang ada di kitab Shahih Bukhari. Sistematika penulisan nya sesuai dengan urutan kitab Shahih Bukhari terdapat 97 kitab, 3220 juz dan 7523 hadits. Sedangkan latar belakang penulisan di dasari karena Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqolani merasa kitab shahih Bukhari ini sangat relevan dan memiliki kedudukan yang mulia. Akan tetapi belum ada yang mensyarah kitab ini secara sempurna. Kelebihan dari kitab ini salah satunya terdapat banyak pembahasan ilmiah yang jarang ditemui dalam syarah lainya dan kekurangan nya, beliau jarang memberikan pendapat nya terkait bidang aqidah kebanyakan mengutip dari para ulama lain nya.
METODOLOGI SYARAH HADIS NABI SAW
Authors: Rukmana Jaya , Anggraini Rizki
Published: February 2023

Al-Muwaththa bukan hanya sekedar nama biasa, manhaj dari berbagai deretan karya yang hanya dilihat indikatornya saja, namun kitab al-Muwaththa memiliki satu symbol yang besar masa kepenulisan karya hadist. Dalam kesejarahan di abad ke dua kitab ini sangat popular. Kitab Al-Hawalik ‘Ala Muwaththa Malik karyanya Imam Jalaludin As-Suyuthy yang beliau merupakan salah satu ulama yang mencintai ilmu, yang sejak kecil telah menggeluti dunia Pendidikan. Kitab Tanwir Al-Hawalik ‘Ala Muwaththa Malik bukanlah satu-satunya karangan beliau, namun ini adalah salah satu karangan beliau di Syarh hadis. Kitab Tanwir Al-Hawalik Ala Muwaththa Malik dikarang oleh jalaludin As-Suyuthi sebagai salah satu cara beliau menghormati ulama-ulama hadis terdahulu. Sebagai bentuk apresiasi beliau terhadap ulama-ulama yang telah menulis kitab hadis. Metode dalam Menyusun kitab ini, Imam Jalaludin menggunakan metode ijmali bil Ma’tsur (Riwayat) yaitu dengan menjelaskan hadis sesuai dengan urutannya dalam kitab induknya yakni kitab Al-Muwaththa karyanya Imam Malik.
PLURALISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADITS
Authors: Zulfarizal Zulfarizal , Fharadillah Vira
Published: February 2023

Melalui lensa hadits, tulisan ini berusaha menentukan apa yang harus dilakukan dalam menghadapi keberagaman agama yang ada dalam kehidupan. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas yang tidak baik, yaitu ketidakharmonisan masyarakat, yang meyakini bahwa hanya agamanya  yang benar dan agama yang lain salah. Alih-alih menyamakan Tuhan, inti dari sikap terhadap pluralisme agama adalah menghargai perbedaan untuk mencapai perdamaian dalam hidup berdampingan. Jika Allah ingin menjadikan manusia menjadi satu suku, bangsa, dan agama, Dia bisa. Tapi Allah ingin menguji hamba-Nya dan melihat seberapa baik dia bersaing dalam kebaikan. Metodologi tulisan ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Menurut temuan penelitian ini, cara terbaik untuk menghadapi pluralisme adalah dengan bersikap ramah, lembut, dan menghormati perbedaan.
TAFSIR IBN KATSIR : METODOLOGI PENAFSIRAN AL-QURAN BI SUNNAH MENURUT IMAM IBNU KATSIR
Authors: Adillah Zahra Adillah Zahra
Published: February 2023

Tafsir Bi Sunnah merupakan bagian dari penafsiran dalam bentuk bil ma’tsur yaitu penafsiran berdasarkan periwayatan. Tafsir Bi Sunnah merupakan cara menafsirkan Al-Quran dengan sunnah, sunnah dapat diartikan segala sesuatu berupa perkataan, perbuatan dan ketetapan yang dilakukan Rasulullah Saw. Apa yang terdapat dalam sunnah adalah pemahaman Rasulullah Saw. terhadap Al-Quran. As-Sunnah sebagai sumber hukum setelah Al-Quran berfungsi sebagai penjelas dalam memahami ayat Al-Quran terutama yang masih bersifat umum. Secara umum penulis ingin memfokuskan pada tafsir bi sunnah menurut Ibn Katsir. Dimana setelah menafsirkan Al-Quran dengan Al-Quran , Ibn Katsir melanjutkan menafsirkan Al-Quran dengan As-Sunnah. Dalam Tafsir Bi Sunnah penafsiran berdasrkan hadist-hadist yang sanad nya sampai kepada Rasulullah Saw. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan karena data diperoleh dari berbagai kitab, jurnal dan berbagai buku yang terkait dengan materi penelitian. Tafsir Bi Sunnah berfungs memberikan penjelasan terhadap ayat yang masih bersifat global, yang belum dijelaskan hukumnya di dalam Al-Quran.
REFORMULASI TAFSIR BIL MA’TSUR
Authors: Mochamad Zakiyal Fikri
Published: February 2023

Al quran merupakan kitab yang membawa misi hudan li an nas yang harus sejalan lurus beriringan dengan dinamika kebutuhan zaman. Oleh karena itu, muncul para ahli tafsir dengan metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk memahami isi dari Al Quran lebih dalam. Terdapat beberapa penafsir yang menggunakan metode bil ma’tsur seperti al- Thabari, Ibnu Katsir, al-Tsa’labi, al-Baghawi, al-Samarqandy dan masih banyak lagi; ada pula yang menggunakan metode logika (baca: bil ra’yi) seperti al-Razi, al-Qurthubi, al-Zamakhsyari, al-Nasafi dan lain sebagainya; hingga yang menerapkan metode kepekaan rasa/esoterk (baca:bil al-isyary) seperti al-Tustari, Ibnu ‘Araby, Abu Muhammad Ruzbihan dan lain sebagainya. Akan tetapi lahirnya berbagai metode penafsiran  justru ada yang memberikan hasil pemaknaan yang tidak semurni aslinya, bahkan ternodai oleh makna-makna di luar Al-Qur’an itu sendiri. Dari situlah kemudian lahir formulasi tafsir al-Qur’an bi al-Qur’an yang menjadi bagian dari metode tafsir bil ma’stur sebagai cara terbaik untuk  menggali makna tafsir Ayat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas metodologi tafsir Thaha Jabi dan gagasan formulasi tafsir al-Qur’an bi al-Qur’an yang ia tawarkan dalam memahami teks ayat yang beraneka ragam dalam kitab yang berjudul Tafsir al-Qur’an bi al-Qur’an karya Thaha Jabir al-‘Alwani. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian pustaka (library research), yaitu penelitian dengan serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tafsir Thaha Jabir ini memposisikan teknik tadabbur sebagai pisau analisa pemaknaan ayat, namun, tadabbur masih kurang diminati dan dianggap sebagai perangkat “tambahan” dalam tafsir itu sendiri. Di sisi lain, keberadaan karya tersebut memberikan  perhatian kepada ilmu tadabbur semakin berkembang
MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN PERILAKU PROSOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI AKTIVITAS BERMAIN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SLIME
Authors: ZAIDA SITI RIZKINA
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of prosocial behavior in early childhood through playing activities using slime media, which can be seen from the child's ability to refrain from seizing other people's property (pushing, hitting, etc.), the child's ability to play individually without disturbing other friends, the ability of children to work together when playing and are willing to lend toys with directions from the teacher or without prior direction (initiative). This research is a classroom action research carried out for 2 cycles with 3 cycle meetings which contain planning, action, observation and reflection in each cycle. The subjects in this study were children aged 2-4 years in playgroup classes in kindergarten. Kemala Bhayangkari 01 Banjarmasin with a total of 15 children. The results of this study are the increased development of children's prosocial behavior through playing activities using slime media which can be seen at the pre-survey stage the status is very well developed by 0% and not yet developed by 53%. Then in cycle 1 the very well developed status increased to 13% and in cycle 2 it increased with a percentage of 33%.

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan perilaku prososial anak usia dini melalui aktivitas bermain menggunakan media slime, yang dilihat dari kemampuan anak menahan diri agar tidak merebut paksa hak milik orang lain (mendorong, memukul, dsb), kemampuan anak bermain secara individual tanpa mengganggu temannya yang lain, kemampuan anak bekerjasama ketika bermain dan bersedia meminjamkan mainan dengan diberi arahan oleh guru maupun tanpa arahan terlebih dahulu (inisiatif). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus dengan 3 kali pertemuan persiklus yang memuat perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi dalam setiap siklusnya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 2-4 tahun kelas kelompok bermain di TK. Kemala Bhayangkari 01 Banjarmasin yang berjumlah 15 orang anak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya perkembangan perilaku prososial anak melalui aktivitas bermain menggunakan media slime yang terlihat pada tahap prasurvey status berkembang sangat baik sebesar 0% dan belum berkembang sebesar 53%. Kemudian pada siklus 1 status berkembang sangat baik meningkat menjadi 13% dan pada siklus 2 semakin meningkat dengan presentase sebesar 33%.
26 August 2018 Geomagnetic Storm: Fractal Analysis of Earth Magnetic Field
Authors: Wawrzaszek Anna , Modzelewska Renata , Krasińska Agata , Gil Agnieszka , Glavan Vasile
Published: February 2023

We perform a systematic and comparative analysis of the fractal dimension estimators as a proxy for data complexity. In particular, we focus on the analysis of the horizontal geomagnetic field components registered by four stations (Belsk, Hel, Sodankylä and Hornsund) at various latitudes during the period of 22 August–1 September, when the 26 August 2018 geomagnetic storm appeared. To identify the fractal scaling and to compute the fractal dimension, we apply and compare three selected methods: structure function scaling, Higuchi, and detrended fluctuation analysis. The obtained results show the temporal variation of the fractal dimension of horizontal geomagnetic field components, revealing differences between their irregularity (complexity). Moreover, the values of fractal dimension seem to be sensitive to the change of physical conditions related to interplanetary shock, the coronal mass ejection, the corotating interaction region, and the high-speed stream passage during the storm development. Especially, a significant decrease in the fractal dimension for all stations is observed immediately following the interplanetary shock, which was not straightforwardly visible in the geomagnetic field components data.
Alkenones confirmed in sediments from high southern latitudes during the Cretaceous and Paleocene: results from the Transkei Basin (IODP Site U1581)
Authors: Doiron Kelsey , Brassell Simon , Bijl Peter , Wager Thomas , Herrle Jens , Uenzelmann-Neben Gabriele , Bohaty Steven , Childress Laurel ,   Expedition 392 Science Party
Published: February 2023

Preliminary examination of the biomarker composition of Paleocene to Campanian (~63-74 Ma) organic-rich sediments recovered from the Transkei Basin (Hole U1581B; 35° 41’S, 29° 39’E), offshore South Africa, during IODP Expedition 392 reveals suites of alkenones and alkyl alkenoates derived from haptophyte algae. This discovery augments evidence for the temporal continuity of their occurrence since the early Aptian and expands their paleogeographic range to high southern latitudes (~60°S) during the Cretaceous and Paleocene. In addition, the similarity of alkenone distributions between Maastrichtian and Danian samples suggests a conformity in the biosynthetic pathways for their production across the K/Pg boundary likely attesting to the survival of their source haptophytes and recovery after the extinction event. Alkenone distributions in the Transkei Basin sediments are dominated by series of C37 to C40 diunsaturated components and remain broadly consistent throughout the Cretaceous to Paleocene stratigraphic  succession. The presence of both the C38 alkadien-2-one and C39 alkadien-3-one represents the earliest recognition of these compounds thereby extending the advent for biosynthesis of both methyl and ethyl alkenones to the Campanian (~74 Ma). These sediments also contain C37 methyl and both C38 and C40 ethyl alkadienoates. No C37, C38 or C39 triunsaturated alkenones were detected in the Paleocene through Campanian succession but minor amounts of a C40 alkatrien-3-one were confirmed in Cretaceous samples based on its elution time and diagnostic mass spectrum. This finding raises the question why only the C40 triunsaturated component is observed, coupled with pervasive evidence that C37 to C39 triunsaturated alkenones emerge after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Among extant haptophytes, C40 alkenones occur in species within phylogenic Group II, notably Isochrysis, but are absent in extant marine species comprising phylogenic Group III. These observed distributions of alkenones in the marine realm can be best explained as evidence for contributions from both Isochrysidaceae and Noelaerhabdaceae following their divergence in the early Cretaceous.  
How shallow circulations couple to moisture in the trades - A perspective from satellites
Authors: George Geet , Bouniol Dominique , Couvreux Fleur
Published: February 2023

Measurements over the north-Atlantic trade wind regions from the recent EUREC4A field campaign (ElUcidating the RolE of Cloud–Circulation Coupling in ClimAte) have revealed a large variability in mesoscale (ca. 200 km) vertical velocity. This variability is primarily attributable to shallow mesoscale overturning circulations (SMOCs) , which have also been shown to influence mesoscale moisture variability. From EUREC4A observations, it is found that the mesoscale horizontal divergence (D) averaged over the mixed layer covaries strongly with surface D. We exploit this finding by using satellite observations of surface divergence to understand SMOCs further. We mainly use WindSAT measurements for surface divergence due to its larger swath compared to scatterometers and its superior performance under precipitating conditions. In WindSAT observations, surface divergence shows a negative correlation with integrated water vapour (IWV), but also shows the large variance when IWV is large, indicating that there might be two regimes in the divergence-moisture relationship. To further investigate the divergence-moisture relationship, we perform object-identification in the IWV field and characterize surface divergence therein. A synergy with geostationary cloudiness fields from GOES-16 helps us further interpret these characteristics in the context of the spatial organization of clouds. As satellite observations go beyond the space-time coverage of field campaigns, we are able to document (a) statistics of the spatial scales of SMOCs as well as (b) some consistent relationships between SMOCs and atmospheric moisture.
Inter-regional environmental imbalance under lasting pandemic exacerbated by residential response
Authors: Li Chunjin , Lin Jintai , Chen Lulu , Cui Qi , Liu Yu , McDuffie Erin E. , Du Mingxi , Kong Hao , Wang Jingxu
Published: February 2023

Pandemics greatly affect transportation, economic and household activities and their associated air pollutant emissions. In less affluent regions, household energy use is often the dominant pollution source and is sensitive to the affluence change caused by a persisting pandemic. Air quality studies on COVID-19 have shown declines in pollution levels over industrialized regions as an immediate response to pandemic-caused lockdown and weakened economy. Yet few have considered the response of residential emissions to altered household affluence and energy choice supplemented by social distancing. Here we quantify the potential effects of long-term pandemics on ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and resulting premature mortality worldwide, by comprehensively considering the changes in transportation, economic production and household energy use. We find that a persisting COVID-like pandemic would reduce the global gross domestic product by 11.2% and PM2.5-related mortality by 9.5%. The global mortality decline would reach 13.0% had the response of residential emissions been excluded. Among the 13 aggregated regions worldwide, the least affluent regions exhibit the greatest fractional economic losses with no comparable magnitudes of mortality reduction. This is because their weakened affluence would cause switch to more polluting household energy types on top of longer stay-at-home time, largely offsetting the effect of reduced transportation and economic production. International financial, technological and vaccine aids could reduce such environmental imbalance.
Global carbon cycle response to Milanković forcing
Authors: Ishizu Miho , Timmerman Axel , Yun Kyung-Sook
Published: February 2023

To gain a deeper understanding of why atmospheric CO2 varied on Milanković timescales, we conducted a 3 million-year transient carbon cycle simulation with the intermediate-complexity Grid Enabled Integrated Earth System (cGENIE). To this end we nudged ocean temperature and salinity obtained from a previously conducted 3 million-year climate simulation conducted with the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2) into the cGENIE ocean model. The cGENIE model captures key processes relevant for the longterm behaviour of the carbon cycle, including ocean biogeochemistry, vegetation, land surface weathering and sedimentary dynamics. Here we will present the first results from a series of transient glacial-interglacial simulations cGENIE simulations which identify the role of ocean circulation, sea ice, solubility and land vegetation changes as drivers of low frequency pCO2 variability. We will further discuss the effects of iron fertilization and carbonate compensation.  
Eikonal approximation for landscapes dominated by threshold hillslopes
Authors: Anand Shashank Kumar , Bertagni Matteo B. , Singh Arvind , Porporato Amilcare
Published: February 2023

Steep landscapes maintain predominantly planar hillslopes over a range of spatial scales. These hillslopes are bounded at a typical angle, beyond which shallow landslides or slope failures remove the excess sediment influx. The evolution of such steep topographies with threshold hillslopes is well approximated by the eikonal equation, which is well-known in problems of geometry, optics, and mechanics. According to this approximation, hillslopes meet upstream to construct a network of sharp ridges and join downstream at the boundary to produce a complementary valley network. We find a good agreement between the proposed approximation and the spatial organization of landscapes with a dominant control of landslide erosion and negligible fluvial erosion. We also show that the eikonal approximation can be utilized to reconstruct the landscapes with threshold hillslopes where fluvial erosion sets the downstream free boundary.
Modeling mobile-immobile transport of pathogens in an urban stream – a stochastic approach  
Authors: Boano Fulvio , Derx Julia , Linke Rita , Sommer Regina , Walochnik Julia , Lindner Gerhard , Blaschke Alfred Paul , Farnleitner Andreas , Cervero-Aragó Sílvia
Published: February 2023

Streams can carry and spread numerous pathogen species, either free floating or attached to the surface of fine particles. These pathogens can pose serious threats to human health in places where untreated water is directly consumed or by contact with the water when using for recreation, washing or irrigation purposes. The most important sources of pathogens to streams in urbanized catchments are wastewater treatment plants that continuously release wastewater effluent, which is still infectious. Moreover, untreated wastewater is also discharged to streams through combined sewer overflows during heavy rain events, resulting in the release of high loads of pathogens.

Once pathogens are introduced to a stream from these sources, their fate is controlled not only by transport in surface water but also by exchange with streambed sediments. Within streambeds, pathogens are subject to a complex array of processes that include seepage transport, sorption to sediment surface, and decay, with some pathogens being eventually released back to surface water.

Recently, a model for stream transport of pathogens has been developed that is based on the Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) framework. This model describes the stream corridor as the interaction of a mobile and immobile zones, and a few applications to pathogen transport have been discussed in the literature. This contribution will present an application of this model approach to predict the fate of pathogens in an urban stream in Vienna. The model application will be tailored to work with the uncertainty that typically affects the information that is available in these situations. Thus, stochastic boundary conditions will be applied to consider the variability of pathogen loads to the stream, and model parameters will be calibrated on available concentrations of C. perfringens spores (used as conservative microbial tracer for municipal sewage) and the human genetic fecal marker HF183/BacR287, and eventually validated based on concentrations of the reference pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia, observed at the catchment outlet.
Investigating Uncertainty in the Mid-latitude Response to Sea-Ice Loss with Idealised General Circulation Model Experiments
Authors: Lewis Neil , Geen Ruth , Mudhar Regan , Seviour Will , Thomson Stephen , Vallis Geoff , Screen James
Published: February 2023

The Arctic is undergoing rapid climate change, manifested by substantial sea-ice loss and Arctic amplification (AA) of global warming. In turn, sea-ice loss (and associated AA) can drive changes in mid-latitude weather and climate, for example through the effect of a reduced equator-to-pole temperature gradient causing a weakening of the mid-latitude westerlies. This and other mid-latitude responses to Arctic climate change have been extensively investigated using climate model simulations in which sea-ice loss (or a local Arctic heating) is prescribed instead of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. However, there is uncertainty in the magnitude of the 'true' climate response to Arctic sea-ice loss. This due to uncertainty regarding the methodology used to induce sea-ice loss, as well as inter-model spread in the strength of atmospheric eddy feedbacks, which can amplify the circulation response to sea-ice loss and are often too weak. In this work, we investigate sources of uncertainty in the mid-latitude response to sea-ice loss using an idealised general circulation model with thermodynamic sea-ice. Simulations where sea-ice loss is imposed using a range of methods, and with the sea-ice module 'switched off', are compared against a control simulation with ice. This process is repeated for a range of control climatologies with different eddy feedback strengths. For each experiment, we quantify the magnitude of AA, the mid-latitude jet strength, location, and waviness, and the persistence of surface weather anomalies. By comparing our experiments, we demonstrate the sensitivity of each diagnostic to eddy feedback strength and the method used to impose sea-ice loss. These results are placed in context through discussion with existing work on this topic.
Neural network model of Electron density in the Topside ionosphere (NET)
Authors: Smirnov Artem , Shprits Yuri , Lühr Hermann , Prol Fabricio , Xiong Chao
Published: February 2023

The ionosphere is an ionized part of the upper atmosphere, where the number of electrons in is large enough to affect the propagation of electromagnetic signals, including those of the GNSS systems. Therefore, knowing electron density values in the ionosphere is crucial for both industrial and scientific applications. Here, we employ the radio occultation profiles collected by the CHAMP, GRACE, and COSMIC missions, to model the electron density in the topside ionosphere. We assume a linear decay of scale height with altitude and create a model of 4 parameters, namely the F2-peak density and height (NmF2 and hmF2) and the slope and gradient of scale height in the topside (H0 and dHs/dh). The resulting model (NET) is based on feedforward neural networks and takes as input the geographic and geomagnetic position, the solar flux and geomagnetic indices. The resulting density reconstructions are validated on more than a hundred million in-situ measurements from CHAMP, CNOFS and Swarm satellites, as well as on the GRACE/KBR data, and the developed model is compared to several topside options of the Internation Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. The NET model yields highly accurate reconstructions of electron density in the topside ionosphere and gives unbiased predictions for all seasonal and solar activity conditions.
Changes in Organic Soil Mercury Concentrations Over 50 years at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Olson Connor , Geyman Benjamin , Thackray Colin , Johnson Chris , Sunderland Elsie , Driscoll Charles
Published: February 2023

Over the past half century, air quality management efforts have led to substantial decreases in mercury emission across North America and Europe. Subsequent declines of mercury concentrations in air and precipitation have been well documented, resulting in lower mercury fluxes in wet deposition. The responsiveness of ecosystems to these decreasing inputs is an on-going point of scientific inquiry and for some matrices, considerable uncertainty exists. Organic surface soils are one such example, with relatively little known about how and on what time scale soils react to changes in mercury deposition. Here, we present an analysis of total mercury in organic soils from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire USA, spanning over 50 years. Archived soil samples representing the Oie and Oa horizons in the reference watershed (WS6) were oven-dried, milled, and analyzed via direct mercury analyzer. Trends in total mercury concentration varied over time and among organic soil horizons, with overall mercury concentrations decreasing. Changes in Oie mercury concentration were more pronounced that the Oa horizon and matched modeled deposition for the experimental area (GEOS-Chem). Conversely, Oa mercury concentrations showed little agreement with deposition and are likely integrating atmospheric inputs over a much longer period. Overall, results suggest that organic soils at HBEF are dynamic and responsive to changes in atmospheric emissions.
Making the Case for Reconciled Δ47 Calibrations Using Omnivariant Generalized Least-Squares Regression
Authors: Daëron Mathieu
Published: February 2023

For fundamental thermodynamic reasons, 13C-18O bonds in carbonate minerals formed under isotopic equilibrium conditions are more abundant than predicted for a random distribution of isotopes, yielding positive Δ47 clumped-isotope signatures which decrease as a function of formation temperature [1]. Although most Earth-surface carbonates are unlikely to achieve complete isotopic equilibrium, Δ47 values of many biogenic and abiotic calcites formed under very different crystallization conditions (and with irreconcilable water-calcite oxygen-18 fractionation laws) appear to follow indistinguishable temperature calibrations, as independently documented by various groups over the years [e.g., 2-4]. That is not to say that all groups agree on a single calibration linking Δ47 and temperature, and a recent comparison of 14 reprocessed calibration studies still found evidence for statistically significant inter-laboratory discrepancies [3]. Rigorous statistical tests aiming to prove or disprove consistency between Δ47 calibrations are particularly challenging because of potentially large and non-independent analytical errors associated with standardization procedures [5], and even in some cases by large correlations in the uncertainties of estimated formation temperatures, making classical least-squares regression approaches ill suited to model these calibration data sets.Here I propose a new formulation for least-squares regression of data with an arbitrarily complex covariance structure linking all predictor and response observations, generally applicable to all sorts of geochemical data. I use this “Omnivariant Generalized Least-Squares” (OGLS) approach to compare 7 published Δ47 calibration data sets which have been (re)processed according to the newly established InterCarb Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale (I-CDES), supposedly allowing robust comparisons between Δ47 measurements across laboratories [6]. None of these reprocessed calibration data sets are found to deviate significantly from a single, unified regression line, with an overall reduced chi-squared statistic (adjusted for data covariance according to OGLS) of 0.8 consistent with slightly overestimated uncertainties on temperature constraints. This finding marks another milestone in the 17-year-long progress of Δ47 thermometry, which has now solved most of the methodological challenges standing in the way of its widespread application to many scientific issues. In short: carbonate clumped-isotope thermometry is all grown up now.[1] Schauble et al. (2006) 10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.011[2] Kele et al. (2015) 10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.032[3] Petersen et al. (2019) 10.1029/2018GC008127[4] Anderson et al. (2021) 10.1029/2020GL092069[5] Daëron (2021) 10.1029/2020GC009592[6] Bernasconi et al. (2021) 10.1029/2020GC009588
A (new?) ~50 Kyr geomagnetic event recorded in a stalagmite from the Bat Cave, Portugal
Authors: Font Eric , M. Sánchez-Moreno Elisa , Lima Eduardo , Brás Ana Raquel , Spangenberg Jorge, E. , Edwards Larry , Trindade Ricardo , Dimuccio Luca , Hasözbek Altug , Parés Josep , Jiménez Barredo Fernando , Araujo de Carmo Janine , Feinberg Joshua
Published: February 2023

Stalagmites are potential candidates for high-resolution reconstruction of the Earth’s magnetic field and paleoclimatic variations. Here we provided a pristine record of a geomagnetic event recorded in two stalagmites from the Bat Cave, Central Region of Portugal. SQUID microscopy reveals a high concentration of magnetic particles. FORC diagrams and hysteresis parameters point to non-interacting single-domain magnetite as the main magnetic carrier. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions are interpreted as primary and provide the record of a Greenland interstadial. Paleomagnetic data show a gradual variation of the magnetic declination and inclination from the normal component to an antipodal reverse component. Return to the normal component is abrupt and is not apparently associated with visible hiatus in the precipitation rate of the stalagmite. Preliminary U-Th dating point to an age of ~50-55 Kyr for the geomagnetic event recorded in both stalagmites. However, owing to the speleothem’s high detrital content and low U concentration, alternative techniques are being explored to improve the uncertainty in radiometric dating. This geomagnetic event can possibly correspond to the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion dated at ~41 Kyr or to a newly discovered ~50 kyr short-lived geomagnetic reversal. Acknowledgments: This work was funded by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) I.P./MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) – UIDB/50019/2020- IDL, MIT-EXPL/ACC/0023/2021, and PTDC/CTA-GEO/0125/2021). 
Tipping point behaviour of submarine melting at ice sheet grounding zones
Authors: Hewitt Ian , Bradley Alex
Published: February 2023

Ice sheets are highly sensitive to melting in their grounding zones, where they transition from grounded ice to floating. Recent models of the interaction between warm salty ocean water and cold fresh subglacial discharge in the grounding zone suggest that warm water can intrude kilometres beneath the ice sheet, with important consequences for ice dynamics.Here, we couple a model for warm water intrusion to a simple model of melting and, in doing so, capture a previously ignored feedback between geometry and subglacial water flow that occurs as the grounding zone responds to melting. This feedback enhances the potential for warm water to intrude beneath the grounded ice sheet, and therefore makes high melting in grounding zones more likely.Intriguingly, our results also suggest that increases in ocean temperature can lead to a tipping point being passed, beyond which ocean water intrudes indefinitely beneath the ice sheet by a process of runaway melting, suggesting a candidate mechanism for dramatic changes in grounding-zone behaviour that are not currently included in ice sheet models, and which may enable them to reproduce previous high warm-period sea levels.