bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacokinetics of Biologics: A Primer
Authors: Mould Diane R.
Published: September 2015

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) exhibit complex pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD, response) against tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Many factors impact anti-TNF MAb PK, altering MAb clearance and therefore the half-life: albumin, weight (particularly, obesity), disease (severity, stage and co-morbidities) and concomitant administration of immunosuppressants (e.g. methotrexate). These factors can alter MAb exposure, impacting on the likelihood of clinical response. Formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) is another potential factor that can affect MAb PK. Factors impacting the likelihood of developing ADA are classified as patient-related (concomitant immunosuppressants, prior ADA against other anti-TNF MAb) or product-related (structure, manufacturing process, aggregate formation, route of administration and dosing regimen). Repeated episodic exposure can induce ADAs, shortening the effective treatment interval. Avoiding intervals where anti-TNF MAbs are non-measurable is important for efficacy and may delay onset of ADAs. Thus, patients whose factors predispose them to having faster clearance (or short half-life) such as severe disease, low albumin or high body weight may need shorter dose intervals to reduce the likelihood of intermittent exposure. ADAs can have no effect or can impact efficacy through MAb binding, thus inhibiting its function or potentially causing hypersensitivity reactions (PD). ADA can also increase MAb clearance (PK). Because of their impact on MAb clearance, ADAs have been linked to lower serum drug concentrations, potentially negatively impacting clinical response. ADAs have been reported for biologics in most therapeutic areas. ADAs are well documented in clinical studies due to the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency recommendations regarding testing and impact of immunogenicity. Lastly, the dose metrics (e.g. mg vs. mg/kg) can cause issues as well. MAbs such as infliximab are dosed on a mg/kg basis, which commonly results in low concentrations in patients with low body weight. Conversely MAbs such as adalimumab are administered as a flat (mg) dose, which can result in low concentrations in high weight patients.
Clinical Practice of Two Measurements of Home Blood Pressure on Each Occasion in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Okada Tomonari , Wada Toshikazu , Nagaoka Yume , Kanno Yoshihiko
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Although several guidelines propose two or three measurements of home blood pressure (HBP) on each occasion, the actual status of multiple measurements is not clear in the practical management of hypertension. We surveyed the details regarding two measurements of HBP in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: HBP was measured twice every morning and evening over 7 consecutive days in 175 CKD patients. The distribution of the differences between two BP values (2nd - 1st BP) and their association with BP parameters were evaluated. Results: The 2nd - 1st morning systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) differences were -2.3 ± 4.1 and -0.4 ± 2.6 mm Hg, respectively. The proportion of 2nd - 1st morning SBP differences >0 mm Hg was 31.7% in a total of 1,195 measurements. Eighty patients (45.7%) had days with a difference ≤-5 mm Hg and days with a difference ≥5 mm Hg in morning SBP during 7 days. The multivariate regression analysis of the SD values of 2nd - 1st morning SBP as a dependent variable showed that the SD value of the 1st morning SBP (β = 0.65, p < 0.001) was a significant determinant. Conclusion: Although the 2nd SBP was 2-3 mm Hg lower than the 1st SBP in the population as a whole, various differences were found for each subject during 7 days. 2nd - 1st BP variability might be associated with day-by-day 1st BP variability.
Wie kann man den Umgang mit prämenstruellen Symptomen verändern? Ein modularisiertes Behandlungsprogramm
Authors: Janda Carolyn , Kues Johanna N. , Kleinstäuber Maria , Weise Cornelia
Published: September 2015

Hintergrund: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein modularisiertes Behandlungsprogramm für Frauen mit prämenstruellen Beschwerden vor. Zahlreiche Frauen im reproduktionsfähigen Alter leiden unter körperlichen und/oder psychischen prämenstruellen Beschwerden, die zu starken Einschränkungen im Alltag führen können. Nur in sehr wenigen Studien wurden Behandlungsansätze für prämenstruelle Beschwerden untersucht. Positive Effekte konnten dabei für kognitiv-behaviorale Therapien sowie Ansätze zur Veränderung von Lebensgewohnheiten gezeigt werden. Methodik: Das vorliegende Programm wurde basierend auf effektiven Ansätzen zur Behandlung prämenstrueller Beschwerden entwickelt und richtet sich an Frauen mit einem stark ausgeprägten prämenstruellen Syndrom (PMS) oder einer prämenstruellen dysphorischen Störung (PMDS) mit dem primären Ziel, die Symptome besser bewältigen zu können. Das Programm umfasst eine ausführliche Psychoedukation, kognitive Interventionen und Strategien zur Veränderung störungsaufrechterhaltender Verhaltensweisen. Zudem werden Strategien zur Veränderung von Lebensgewohnheiten bezogen auf Stress, Entspannung, Ernährung und Bewegung erarbeitet. Ergebnisse: Der Einsatz des Programms sowie erste Belege zur Effektivität und Zufriedenheit werden anhand einer Fallvignette verdeutlicht. Schlussfolgerung: Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt ein strukturiertes Programm für die Behandlung von Frauen mit PMS/PMDS vor, das in der therapeutischen Praxis eingesetzt werden kann. Das Programm sollte in wissenschaftlichen Studien erprobt werden, um die Behandlung prämenstrueller Beschwerden weiter zu verbessern.
A 25-Year-Old Man with Exudative Retinal Detachments and Infiltrates without Hematological or Neurological Findings Found to Have Relapsed Precursor T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Johnson Jordan S. , Lopez James S. , Kavanaugh Arthur Scott , Liang Chanping , Mata Douglas A.
Published: September 2015

Background: Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-T-ALL) may cause ocular pathologies such as cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhage, and less commonly, retinal detachment or leukemic infiltration of the retina itself. However, these findings are typically accompanied by the pathognomonic hematological signs of acute leukemia.  CasePresentation: In this case report and review of the literature, we describe a particularly unusual case of a 25-year-old man who presented to our hospital with bilateral exudative retinal detachments associated with posterior pole thickening without any hematological or neurological findings. The patient, who had a history of previously treated pre-T-ALL in complete remission, was found to have leukemia cell infiltration on retinal biopsy. Conclusion: Our case underscores the fact that the ophthalmologist may be the first provider to detect the relapse of previously treated leukemia, and that ophthalmic evaluation is critical for detecting malignant ocular infiltrates.
Macular Hole Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease at the Acute Uveitic Stage
Authors: Mizuno Masaharu , Fujinami Kaoru , Watanabe Ken , Akiyama Kunihiko
Published: September 2015

We describe a case with macular hole (MH) associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. A 71-year-old Japanese woman presented with visual loss and headaches. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.02 in the right eye (RE) and 0.1 in the left eye (LE). The patient was diagnosed with VKH based on circumferential choroidal detachments, multiple serous retinal detachments, and optic disc hyperemia. The multiple serous retinal detachments improved with high-dose corticosteroid therapy and gradual tapering. The BCVA was recovered to 1.2/0.7 in the RE/LE. Six weeks after the initial administration of steroid, vitreomacular traction was found by optical coherence tomography in the LE, which progressed to stage 4 MH with the BCVA of 0.2 in the LE. Twenty-three weeks after the initial treatment, vitrectomy was performed with the standard surgical procedures, including inner limiting membrane peeling around the fovea and air tamponade. The MH was closed successfully and the BCVA was 0.4 in the LE 5 weeks after the vitrectomy. This is the first report of a case with MH secondary to the acute uveitic stage of VKH. Successful closure of MH was achieved with the standard surgical intervention for an idiopathic MH. To conclude, at the early stage of VKH, there is a possibility of MH formation due to the rapid progress of vitreous traction following the inflammation, and the surgical procedure could be effective to resolve this secondary disorder.
PANORAMA DO DIREITO DA PROPRIEDADE INDUSTRIAL NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Teruya Dirceu Yoshikazu
Published: September 2015

O conhecimento tem sido relevante para a sociedade dos países, quer seja para realização de negócios, quer seja para proteção. A propriedade industrial é um instrumento de modelos de negócios. Esse instrumento tem sido amplamente discutido na esfera internacional desde a Rodada Uruguai do Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio (GATT). A América Latina tem um uso limitado do Sistema de Propriedade Industrial em face de suas características econômicas e institucionais e tem uma participação relativa de não residente nas patentes concedidas nos países latino-americanos.
Em torno da ilusão
Authors: Escorel Eduardo
Published: September 2015

Conjecturas sobre ilusão e realidade, tentando entender como a linguagem do cinema, baseada na ilusão do movimento e nos artifícios da montagem, pôde ser considerada capaz de reproduzir a realidade ou mesmo de dar impressão de realidade. O impulso do documentarista contradiz a dificuldade que temos de agir em função do que observamos. Paradoxos se acumulam e exacerbam quando a magia da imagem em movimento é associada ao seu valor de testemunho ou documental. A partir do reconhecimento do carárter intrinsecamente ilusório da linguagem cinematográfica, a interseção entre ficção e documentário se amplia, levando ao um cinema baseado na interação, no qual o compromisso ético do documentarista passa a ocupar lugar central.
Resenha internacional: Droit de la télésanté et de la télémédicine
Authors: Castro Igor Cunha Arantes
Published: September 2015

Resenha internacional da obra "Droit de la télésanté et de la télémédicine", de Nathalie Ferraud-Ciandet, publicada pela Heures de France (Paris), em 2011

 
A LEI DE ACESSO À INFORMAÇÃO E O FACEBOOK: COMO A LAI E AS REDES SOCIAIS PODEM ENFRENTAR UMA SOCIEDADE DESCONFIADA E A CORRUPÇÃO ENRAIZADA?
Authors: Barreiros Gustavo Alem
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo objetiva analisar as mudanças da cultura do sigilo para a da transparência, permeando o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade desconfiada e enraizada por transgressões. Diante da atual tendência da cultura da transparência, a sociedade brasileira insere-se em um esforço internacional de controle social das atividades estatais, e é com a Lei de Acesso à informação (LAI) que o controle da publicidade renovada pode ser regularizado e efetivado. Além disso, a LAI representa um importante marco normativo de ampliação da participação social. Dentre os meios participativos, este trabalho também foca no papel da CGU e do CNJ e seus perfis oficiais na rede social Facebook.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA NAS CIDADES POR INSTRUMENTOS PREVISTOS NO ESTATUTO DA CIDADE.
Authors: Santos Gustavo Abrahão dos , Saleme Edson Ricardo
Published: September 2015

Aqui se abordarão os institutos do zoneamento ambiental, do plano diretor e do estudo de impacto de vizinhança. Também se analisará como estão sendo criados o imposto sobre a propriedade predial e territorial urbana progressivo e a desapropriação com títulos da dívida pública, como instrumentos da política urbana de expansão e desenvolvimento, nos termos do artigo 182 da Constituição Federal. O estudo exemplifica o zoneamento ambiental e o plano diretor do município de Santos, em São Paulo, com todos seus elementos característicos. O artigo verifica os efeitos da legislação sobre o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV) em face dos impactos gerados pela construção civil. 
Systematic screening of bryophytes for antitumor agents
Authors: Spjut Richard W. , Kingston David G. I. , Cassady John M.
Published: September 2015

References are made to cytotoxic and/or antitumor compounds that have been isolated - ansamitocin P-3 from Claopodium crispifolium (Hook.) Ren. & Card. and Anomodon attenuatus Hueb., or an associated actinomycete, and ohioensins and pallidisetums from Polytrichum spp. Several hundred collections, which have been obtained from temperate regions of North America during 1990 and 1991, are currently being screened in new bioassays; active sesquiterpene lactones have been recently isolated from species of Porella. The methodologies of collecting and screening bryophyte samples are discussed with consideration to costs based on expected number of samples that might be collected in a day, the diversity in the collections as related to phytogeography and vegetation types, and the bryophyte cover that is vanishing in many forest regions of the United States. The difficulties in obtaining large collections for isolation of active agents are also discussed by examplerecollection of Claopodium crispifolium.
The Role of the State in Alleviation of Poverty in South Asia
Authors: Herath Tikiri Nimal
Published: September 2015

The market and the state have to play valuable complementary roles in economic development. The government or state is expected to correct and facilitate the market. If the government fails, people cannot lead fine lives. At present, South Asian people have many socio-economic and political problems including poverty. Some of these problems are outcomes of poor performance of the state and are correlated with poverty. Specifically speaking, in South Asia, 32 per cent of the population lives on less than $1.25 a day. Some countries do not concentrate on development. Instead, they are entangled in civil struggles, infringement of human rights and failures of government, such as, corruption. Therefore, this study examines whether the South Asian countries have played the proper role of the state as accepted by economists. This objective is achieved by analyzing selected performance measures of the state, such as, corruption, rule of law, modernization of roads, education, health and governance, over time and comparing their changing patterns between economies. The study is based on secondary data, and in addition to qualitative analysis, many variables are econometrically analyzed. It concludes that in South Asian states poverty is decreasing but states and governments of these countries have to do much more to promote growth and alleviate poverty.
From a Duty to Retreat to Stand Your Ground
Authors: Light Caroline
Published: September 2015

This article explores the historical and ideological roots of the recent proliferation of Stand Your Ground laws (through more than half the states) and their disproportionately devastating effects on non-whites. I trace the precipitous erosion of the duty to retreat to the post-Reconstruction era, when post-war political and economic turmoil and the enfranchisement of African American men fed late-19th-century gender panic, and the legal terrain shifted to characterize a man’s “castle” and the dependents residing therein as an extension of the white masculine self. Currently, the neoliberal state’s retreat from the protection of its citizens creates a perceived need for (do-it-your)self-defense, and the technically race-neutral conception of “reasonable threat” empowers the armed citizen with justification for an immediate lethal response to black intrusions into spaces considered white.
After Trayvon
Authors: del Guadalupe Davidson Maria , Beliveau Ralph , Edwards Kirsten T. , Carstarphen Meta G. , Dancy T. Elon , Eodice Michele , Graham Greg , Humphrey Keith L. , Irvin Sherri , Keppel Ben , Kulemeka Owen
Published: September 2015

This discussion among a community at the University of Oklahoma came from work presented at an event called “After Trayvon.” Several issues about social justice, African-American bodies, the experience of microagressions, the role and responsibility of local police, and the critical roles of history and the media were discussed in a forum with the public.
Evaluation of Patients’ Response Toward Osteoporosis Letter Intervention Versus Phone Call Plus Letter Intervention
Authors: O’Brien Lisa K. , Armstrong April D. , Hassenbein Susan E. , Fox Edward J.
Published: September 2015

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 interventions in prompting patients to obtain osteoporosis follow-up after a fracture. Our hypothesis was that a phone call plus letter would yield greater response toward osteoporosis evaluation versus a letter alone to patients after sustaining a fragility fracture.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective study randomized 141 patients age 50 years and older with a fragility fracture into 3 groups for comparison. Group 1 (letter only) patients received a letter 3 months after their diagnosis of fracture indicating their risk for osteoporosis and urging them to follow-up for evaluation. Group 2 (phone call plus letter) patients were contacted via phone 3 months after their diagnosis of fracture. A letter followed the phone call. Group 3 (control) patients were neither contacted via phone nor sent a letter. All groups were contacted via phone 6 months after their initial visit to determine if they followed up for evaluation.

Results:

In group 1, 23 (52.27%) of 44 had follow-up, and 21 (47.73%) of 44 did not follow-up. In group 2, 30 (62.5%) of 48 had follow-up, and 18 (37.50%) of 48 did not follow-up. In group 3, 6 (12.24%) of 49 had some sort of follow-up, and 43 (87.76%) of 49 did not have any follow-up. A statistical significance was achieved between group 3 (control) and both groups 1 and 2 with regard to follow-up ( P < .0001). The results did not show a statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 2, however, there was a trend toward improved response with a phone call plus letter ( P = .321).

Conclusion:

A more personalized approach with a phone call plus follow-up letter to patients increased osteoporosis follow-up care by an additional 10%, however, this was not a statistically significant difference from just sending out a letter alone.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Oral supplementation of diabetic mice with propolis restores the proliferation capacity and chemotaxis of B and T lymphocytes towards CCL21 and CXCL12 by modulating the lipid profile, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress
Authors: Al Ghamdi Ahmad A. , Badr Gamal , Hozzein Wael N. , Allam Ahmed , Al-Waili Noori S. , Al-Wadaan Mohammed A. , Garraud Olivier
Published: September 2015

Background

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of pancreatic β cells, followed by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and the subsequent extensive impairment of immune cell functions, a phenomenon responsible for the development of chronic diabetic complications. Propolis, a natural bee product that is extensively used in foods and beverages, significantly benefits human health. Specifically, propolis exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that may improve diabetic complications. To further elucidate the potential benefits of propolis, the present study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with propolis on the plasma cytokine profiles, free radical levels, lipid profile and lymphocyte proliferation and chemotaxis in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic mouse model.

Methods

Thirty male mice were equally distributed into 3 experimental groups: group 1, non-diabetic control mice; group 2, diabetic mice; and group 3, diabetic mice supplemented daily with an ethanol-soluble derivative of propolis (100 mg/kg body weight) for 1 month.

Results

First, the induction of diabetes in mice was associated with hyperglycemia and significant decreases in the insulin level and the lymphocyte count. In this context, diabetic mice exhibited severe diabetic complications, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7, prolonged elevation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered lipid profiles compared with control non-diabetic mice. Moreover, antigen stimulation of B and T lymphocytes markedly reduced the proliferative capacity and chemotaxis of these cells towards CCL21 and CXCL12 in diabetic mice compared with control mice. Interestingly, compared with diabetes induction alone, treatment of diabetic mice with propolis significantly restored the plasma cytokine and ROS levels and the lipid profile to nearly normal levels. Most importantly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with propolis exhibited significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and chemotaxis towards CCL21 and CXCL12.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal the potential immuno-modulatory effects of propolis, which acts as a natural antioxidant to enhance the function of immune cells during diabetes.
Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Dibenzosilepin Moieties with Pentacoordinate Silicon
Authors: Tokoro Yuichiro , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: September 2015

Benzo[h]quinolyldibenzo[b,f]silepin containing pentacoordinate silicon was incorporated into π-conjugated polymers. Substituent effects were investigated from UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The extension of π-conjugation involving pentacoordinate silicon was suggested from the characteristic absorption and emission bands through the polymer chain at meta-positions toward silicon in the silepin rings. The polymers containing the fluorinated silicon showed bathochromic shift compared to that from the methylated silicon-containing polymers. Polymerization at para-positions toward silicon resulted in the formation of short conjugation length. Finally, the emission band from the charge-transfer transition was observed in photoluminescence spectra of the fluorinated polymer.
Requirements to Networking When Creating Network Community as the Means to Establish Student Self-Governance
Authors: ���������  , Fedoseeva M.
Published: September 2015

Networks are integral part of modern-day life. The paper considers various forms of communication channels between computers; requirements to a

computer network; types of network devices connections based on five principal topologies, including �star� and �ring� architectures to mention among

these.

The paper also considers ways to form the integrated informational educational environment, which would provide all the educational process participants

(including administrative staff, faculty students and parents) with the consistent access to information and conditions for efficient work with

information data.

Elaboration of network requirements conducive to network community efficiency is considered to be the important stage of the network community

development. Thus the efficiency of student self-governance can be enhanced through exploiting capabilities of network communities.

As one of the key conditions for high popularity of network community the author mentions the following: the whole system should be self-recording.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES FORMULAÇÕES DE SORVETES ENRIQUECIDOS COM FARINHA DA CASCA DA JABUTICABA (Myrciaria cauliflora)
Authors: Lamounier Marina Leopoldina , Andrade Fabrícia Das Chagas , Mendonça Cristina Dias de , Magalhães Maísa Lamounier
Published: September 2015

O objetivo foi realizar a caracterização físico-química da farinha da casca de jabuticaba, bem como desenvolver três formulações de sorvetes (enriquecidos com 0, 5 e 10% desta farinha) e avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais dos mesmos. Os frutos foram despolpados, as cascas desidratadas, trituradas e peneiradas para obtenção da farinha que foi analisada quanto aos teores físico-químicos. Em seguida, foram desenvolvidas três formulações de sorvetes (com 0%, 5% e 10% de FCJ) e, verificadas as características físico-químicas e sensoriais. Os resultados mostraram que a FCJ apresentou alto teor de cinzas e fibras. Já os sorvetes, apresentaram diferença (p < 0,05) para pH, acidez titulável, umidade e cinzas devido a incorporação da FCJ. O único atributo que não se diferenciou (p > 0,05) foi o sólido solúvel. O overrun foi diminuindo conforme o aumento da adição da farinha. Já na análise sensorial, os únicos atributos que se diferenciaram (p < 0,05) foram sabor, textura e aspecto global da formulação com 10% de FCJ, o que representa que a incorporação de 5% de FCJ não interferiu na aceitabilidade dos sorvetes. Pode-se concluir que o enriquecimento da farinha da casca de jabuticaba proporciona aos gelados comestíveis elevação no valor nutricional sem afetar as características sensoriais ao nível de 5% de adição.
Performance comparisons of artificial neural network algorithms in facial expression recognition
Authors: Tayfour Ahmed Amira , Mohammed Altahir , Yahia Moawia
Published: September 2015

This paper presents methods for identifying facial expressions. The objective of this paper is to present a combination of texture oriented method with dimensional reduction and use for training the Single-Layer Neural Network (SLN), Back Propagation Algorithm (BPA) and Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) for identifying facial expressions. The proposed methods are called intelligent methods that can accommodate for the variations in the facial expressions and hence prove to be better for untrained facial expressions. Conventional methods have limitations that facial expressions should follow some constraints. To achieve the expression detection accuracy, Gabor wavelet is used in different angles to extract possible textures of the facial expression. The higher dimensions of the extracted texture features are further reduced by using Fisher’s linear discriminant function for increasing the accuracy of the proposed method. Fisher’s linear discriminant function is used for transforming higher-dimensional feature vector into a two-dimensional vector for training proposed algorithms. Different facial emotions considered are angry, disgust, happy, sad, surprise and fear are used. The performance comparisons of the proposed algorithms are presented.
Nothing But Bones (Rien Que Les Os): A Review
Authors: Omélianenko Irène
Published: September 2015

This documentary by the French artist Floy Krouchi in collaboration with Nathalie Battus and Bruno Mourlan from Radio France is a hybrid piece that lies between music and poetic creation. It attempts to make a radiophonic connection between the mythic memory of the indigenous peoples of India and what remains today in certain pieces of music, in (people’s) memory, in singing and translation. The project began five years ago (2010) in Southern India where Floy Krouchi was then travelling. There she heard a short piece of music taken from a very ancient tradition that struck her as so strange and at once exhilarating that she decided to come home as soon as she could and spend a month gathering together what is still accessible from this strangely beautiful material that has come down to us across the centuries.
On their tribal lands, the indigenous Irula tribe hold a ceremony that tells the story of their historical conflict with, and near destruction by, the ways of the so-called civilised or modern world. This music drama, played out over 7 days and 7 nights, unfolds like a symbolic tale. To record them is to capture the oral memory of these people who belong still to the Ancient World. The sound leaves an imprint which connects deeply with our collective memory. Based on a tiny fleeting fragment, “Nothing but Bones” revisits the action at the heart of this drama, a fiction turned into history, a narrative shot through with time metaphors. Through the medium of radio our collective memory is stimulated, allowing us to share a little of what the Irula – born in the nurturing forest – had to face when confronted with the greed of the children of King Money. “Nothing but Bones” is a piece of experimental radio which leads those who have ears to hear on a path where the past seems behind a very fragile pane of glass. It is a delicate and deeply moving piece of radio.
Translation by Simon Elmes, gratefully acknowledged.
Rien Que Les Os: version française.
Authors: Omélianenko Irène
Published: September 2015

Critique d'un documentaire de création conçue par l'artiste Française Floy Krouchi à Radio France en équipe avec la réalisatrice Nathalie Battus et le chef opérateur du son Bruno Mourlan (2010).
New Public Management and the new professionalism in education: Framing the issue
Authors: Anderson Gary , Herr Kathryn
Published: September 2015

This article provides an introductory frame for this special issue dedicated to New Public Management and the New Professional Educator. We will intoduce the five  articles and how they analyze the characteristics of NPM and this emerging new professional as well as forms of educator resistance and advocacy.
Imaging of aortic valve dynamics in 4D OCT
Authors: Schnabel Christian , Jannasch Anett , Faak Saskia , Waldow Thomas , Koch Edmund
Published: September 2015

The mechanical components of the heart, especially the valves and leaflets, are enormous stressed during lifetime. Therefore, those structures undergo different pathophysiological tissue transformations which affect cardiac output and in consequence living comfort of affected patients. These changes may lead to calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS), the major heart valve disease in humans. The knowledge about changes of the dynamic behaviour during the course of this disease and the possibility of early stage diagnosis is of particular interest and could lead to the development of new treatment strategies and drug based options of prevention or therapy. 4D optical coherence tomography (OCT) in combination with high-speed video microscopy were applied to characterize dynamic behaviour of the murine aortic valve and to characterize dynamic properties during artificial stimulation. We present a promising tool to investigate the aortic valve dynamics in an ex vivo disease model with a high spatial and temporal resolution using a multimodal imaging setup.
Effect of Sputtered AlY Coating on High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Stainless Steel
Authors: Fu Guangyan , Xie Huanzhang , Su Yong , Qi Zeyan , Hou Qiang
Published: September 2015

AlY coating on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was prepared by magnetron sputtering method and some of them were pre-oxidized or vacuum diffusion annealed at 600°C, and the effect of the coating with different treatments on the oxidation behavior of the stainless steel was studied at 1,100°C in air. Results show that the order of the 24-h oxidation mass gain for the specimens is the stainless steel without coating > the stainless steel with coating but without any pre-treatment > the stainless steel with AlY coating after pre-oxidation treatment > the stainless steel with AlY coating after vacuum diffusion annealing. After oxidation, a thick and loose Fe2O3/Cr2O3 film is formed on the stainless steel without coating, while thinner Fe2O3/Cr2O3 film is formed on the stainless steel with AlY coating. Compared to the oxidation film formed on the steel with pre-oxidized coating, the one formed on the steel with vacuum diffusion annealed coating is thinner and denser. The rare earth Y and its oxides Y2O3 in the coating produce reactive element effect and improve the ductility/adhesion of the oxide film, which enhances the oxidation resistance of the stainless steel, especially in the vacuum diffusion annealed AlY coating.
In-Flight Analysis of Particles in Plasma Spraying
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ai Zhi-jiu , Wu Yan
Published: September 2015

In-flight behavior of particles is a key factor that affects the quality of coating. There are some problems such as jet instability and poor coating quality in practical application process. This study focused on internal and external flow characteristics of supersonic plasma spray gun based on the analysis of plasma spraying multi-physical fields. Drag, thermophoretic, and pressure-gradient forces were considered. Flow field calculation and particle analysis were separated. The flow field calculation results were used as the initial conditions of particle computation. Heating and acceleration behavior of particles in the flow field were analyzed. In-flight particles were monitored by Spray Watch and compared with calculated values. Results show that particle velocity and temperature reach the maximum at 80–100 mm away from the nozzle exit. Particles in supersonic plasma spraying are more likely to refine near the nozzle exit, which conforms to experimental observations. The velocity calculation of particles with small diameter is consistent with the measurements.
Dynamic Buckling of Cylindrical Shells under Axial Impact in Hamiltonian System
Authors: Sun Jia-Bin , Xu Xin-Sheng , Lim Chee-Wah
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the dynamic buckling of an elastic cylindrical shell subjected to an axial impact load is analyzed in Hamiltonian system. By employing a symplectic method, the traditional governing equations are transformed into Hamiltonian canonical equations in dual variables. In this system, the critical load and buckling mode are reduced to solving symplectic eigenvalues and eigensolutions respectively. The result shows that the critical load relates with boundary conditions, thickness of the shell and radial inertia force. And the corresponding buckling modes present some local shapes. Besides, the process of dynamic buckling is related to the stress wave, the critical load and buckling mode depend upon the impacted time. This paper gives analytically and numerically some new rules of the buckling problem, which is useful for designing shell structures.
Explosive-driven Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd
2
Fe
14
B Hard Ferromagnets
Authors: Wu Junying , Chen Lang , Lu Feng , Feng Changgen
Published: September 2015

Magnetic materials subjected to shock wave compression will undergo shock wave demagnetization. To further investigate the demagnetization performance of Nd
2
Fe
14
B ferromagnets, an open magnetic circuit cylinder was used as the energy-carrying body. The discharge process and circuit characteristics during shock wave demagnetization were analyzed. A series of the shock wave demagnetization tests were performed using the shock wave from the detonation of high explosives acting along the axial direction of the cylindrical magnets. The induced electromotive force and current were measured. The results indicate that Nd
2
Fe
14
B ferromagnet begins to demagnetize at approximately 0.28 μs after the shock wave enters its body. The induced electromotive force and current in coils are caused by the destruction of the magnetism in the smallest units of magnetic domains rather than the mechanical damage of the magnet structure. The influence of the shock wave pressure on the effect of demagnetization was investigated by altering the pressure of the shock wave acting the magnets. The results show that Nd
2
Fe
14
B ferromagnets can be absolutely demagnetized and destroyed by a high shock wave pressure, and that demagnetization is insufficient under a low 13 GPa shock wave pressure. In order to reduce eddy current losses during the process of the shock wave demagnetization, a new design of a split magnet with insulation layers was proposed. This process is very effective and beneficial to improve the energy conversion during the shock wave demagnetization.
Effect of Aging Treatment on Dynamic Behavior of Mg-Gd-Y Alloy
Authors: Wang Lin , Qin Qiao-Yun , Zhang Fan , Tan Cheng-Wen
Published: September 2015

Magnesium alloy is very attractive in many industrial applications due to its low density. The structure-property relationships of the magnesium alloy under quasi-static loading have been extensively investigated. However, the dynamic behavior, particularly the mechanism of high-rate plastic deformation, of the magnesium alloy requires more in-depth investigations. In this paper, the effect of aging treatment on the quasi-static and dynamic properties of a typical rare earth Mg-Gd-Y magnesium alloy is investigated. In particular, the plastic deformation mechanism under dynamic compression loading is discussed. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to carry out dynamic compression tests with controllable plastic deformation by using stopper rings. The experimental results demonstrate that both static and dynamic properties of the Mg-Gd-Y alloy vary under various aging treatment conditions (under-aged, peak-aged and over-aged conditions), due to two different kinds of second phases: remnant micro size phase from solid solution treatment and nano precipitation from aging treatment. The results of microstructure characterization and statistic analysis of the metallographic phase are presented. The area fraction of the twinned grains increases due to aging treatment and dynamic loading. The main plastic deformation mechanism of the rare earth Mg-Gd-Y magnesium alloy is possibly dislocation slip, rather than twinning for the conventional AZ31 magnesium alloy under high strain rate loading.
Multiscale Analysis of Particle Size-dependent Steady Compaction Waves in Granular Energetic Materials
Authors: Zhang Xin-Ming , Wu Yan-Qing , Huang Feng-Lei
Published: September 2015

A multiscale model is used to analyze the compaction processes in granular HMX beds composed of different particle sizes (coarse particles, d=40 μm and microfine particles, d=4 μm). The localization strategy of Gonthier is extended to include changes in thermal energy induced by compression. The variation in yield strength caused by solid-liquid phase change is also considered. Analysis of the steady-state wave structure indicates that the compaction behavior of a porous material is dependent on particle size. For solid volume fraction φs < 0.88, the fine particle beds provide greater resistance to compaction than the coarse particle beds, and they propagate compaction waves that travel at faster speeds. When φs > 0.88, the physical state of the compacted bed has become very similar for the two materials. For subsonic compaction waves, the evolution of the grain temperature shows that large particles lead to large hot spots and high temperature and coarse particles are more shock sensitive at low shock pressures. For supersonic compaction waves, compression induced changes in thermal energy play an important role in localization strategy. It increases the localization sphere center radius. The dissipated energy is deposited over a larger localization volume so that the grain temperature near the intergranular contact surface is reduced significantly. The localization center radius further increases because of the decrease in the yield strength caused by solid–liquid phase change. Consequently, the peak grain temperature is reduced further.
Cavitation in Negative-pressure Microcapillary Devices with Tapered Constrictions: Experiment and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yang Xing , Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng
Published: September 2015

Microcapillary devices with tapered constrictions were fabricated for the study of the features of the cavitation. The cavitation was induced by applying negative pressure at the outlet with opening the inlet to atmospheric pressure, and the experimental results show that the cavitation bubbles generated at the center of the tapered tip flow upstream and adhere on the wall near the orifice, which is explained by the recirculation flow according to the numerical simulation results. The desinent cavitation number keeps constant for a microcapillary device, and the device works in a negative-pressure system is more susceptible to the cavitation than that works in a positive-pressure system. In addition, the effect of the orifice size on the incipient cavitation number and the desinent cavitation number has been studied with five devices with different sizes of the orifices from 50 to 120 microns. Both the incipient and desinent cavitation numbers increase monotonely with the size of the orifice. These results may be helpful to the design of the geometries of the microfluidic devices for various applications.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Puspita Dita Wahyu
Published: September 2015

This study aims to determine factors of poverty in the province of Central Java period 2008 to 2012. Central Java province was chosen because it has the second highest poverty level among 33 provinces in Indonesia. In this study, the factors that infl uence poverty are the numbers of population live in poverty, unemployment, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) and literacy rate. The method used is the panel data regression. Panel data is the data that combines the time series and cross-section data. In this study, it is found that unemployment, GDP and total population have signifi cant aff ect on poverty in the province of Central Java.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan kemiskinan di provinsi Jawa Tengah periode 2008 sampai 2012. Dipilihnya Jawa Tengah karena dari 33 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia, Jawa Tengah merupakan provinsi dengan penduduk miskin terbanyak ke dua. Dalam penelitian ini faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di antaranya yaitu jumlah penduduk miskin, banyaknya pengangguran, Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan Angka Melek Huruf dan semua variable tadi dipilih periode 2008 sampai 2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode regresi data panel. Data panel merupakan data yang menggabungkan antara data time series dan data cross-section. Dalam penelitian ini pula ditemukan bahwa pengaruh pengangguran, PDRB dan jumlah atau populasi penduduk Jawa Tengah signifi kan. Artinya berpengaruh pada kemiskinan di provinsi Jawa Tengah.
KARAKTER GIZI REMAJA PUTRI URBAN DAN RURAL DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Setyawati Vilda Ana Veria , Setyowati Maryani
Published: September 2015

Sejak tahun 2010 westernisasi menjadi kiblat remaja dalam berbagai bidang, diantaranya gaya hidup dan perilaku makan baik di daerah urban maupun rural. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakter gizi pada antara remaja putri urban dan rural. Rancangan cross sectional digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam variabel karakter remaja gizi remaja putri urban dan rural. Lokasi penelitian ini di Kota Semarang dan Kabupaten Sragen. Responden yang diambil dari masing-masing wilayah sejumlah 48 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur untuk variabel body image, pengetahuan gizi, dan perilaku makan. Instrumen untuk mengetahui status gizi adalah digital scale dan mocrotoise dan dikategorikan berdasarkan kategori Asia. Penelitian dilakukan selama Bulan Agustus dan September 2014. Analisis data menggunakan software SPSS. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah independent t test dan mann whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakter gizi pada remaja urban dan remaja rural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pada body image (p=0,28), pengetahuan gizi (p=0,87), dan perilaku makan (p=0,14), sedangkan pada status gizi ada perbedaan (p=0,0001).

Since 2010 westernization be the center of a teenager in a her life, including lifestyle and eating behavior in both urban and rural areas. This study aims to determine the difference between the character of nutrition in urban and rural adolescent girls. Cross-sectional design was used to collect data in the variable character teenage girls nutrition urban and rural. The location of this research in Semarang City and Sragen. Respondents were drawn from each region some 48 people. Collecting data by interviews using a structured questionnaire for variable body image, nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. The instrument to determine the nutritional status were a digital scale and mocrotoise. Nutritional status categorized Asian. The study was conducted during the months of August and September 2014. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical test used was the independent t test and Mann Whitney to determine differences in the character of nutrition in adolescents urban and rural adolescents. The results showed that there was no difference in body image (p = 0.28), nutritional knowledge (p = 0.87), and eating behavior (p = 0.14), whereas this got difference in nutritional status (p = 0, 0001).
THE EFFECT OF ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID (ATRA) AND ZINC SULPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Hanafi Praptiwi
Published: September 2015

The study executed to know the effect of ATRA and Zn supplementations to periodontitis rat collagen treated with tetracycline.The experimental study with factorial design used 54 Wistar adult male rat. Periodontitis was resulted from porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Tetracycline 90 mg/kg and the supplementations were given for 7 days. Nine groups sample were randomly allocated. The independent variables were supplementation of ATRA 10; 5 mg/kg, Zn 2.5; 1 mg/kg, and their combinations. Dependent variable was collagen status i.e degradation and synthesis, consecutively measured by mRNA MMP-2 and mRNA P1CP, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Control was periodontitis group receiving tetracycline. T-test, ANOVA, Post Hoc Duncan and least significant differences (LSD) were used. High dose ATRA 10 mg/kg and Zn 2.5 mg/kg supplementations consecutivetly degraded (0.25 x of control) and increased collagen synthesis (4 x of control). High dose ATRA and Zn combined supplementation gave no effect to collagen degradation, but increased synthesis (3 x of control). The effect of high dose ATRA and Zn combined supplementation on collagen synthesis was the nearest to healthy condition.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi ATRA dan Zinc pada kolagen jaringan periodontium tikus periodontitis yang mendapat tetrasiklin. Studi eksperimental dengan desain faktorial dilakukan pada 54 tikus Wistar jantan dewasa. Periodontitis dihasilkan melalui inokulasi porphyromonas gingivalis. Tetrasiklin 90 mg/kg dan suplementasi diberikan selama 7 hari. Sembilan kelompok sampel terpilih secara alokasi acak. Variabel bebas adalah suplementasi ATRA 10; 5 mg/kg; Zn 2,5; 1 mg/kg; dan kombinasinya. Variabel tergantung adalah status kolagen meliputi degradasi dan sintesis, indikator mRNA MMP-2 dan mRNA P1CP, terukur dengan reverse transcriptase polymerizing chain reaction. Kontrol adalah kelompok periodontitis dan mendapat tetrasiklin. Analisis data menggunakan uji t, ANOVA, Post Hoc Duncan, dan LSD.  Suplementasi dosis tinggi ATRA 10 mg/kg dan Zn 2,5 mg/kg berturut-turut mendegradasi (0,25 x kontrol) dan meningkatkan sintesis kolagen (4 x kontrol). Kombinasi suplementasi dosis tinggi ATRA dan Zn tidak berefek pada degradasi kolagen, tetapi meningkatkan sintesisnya (3 x kontrol). Suplementasi kombinasi dosis tinggi ATRA dan Zn memberikan sintesis kolagen paling dekat dengan keadaan sehat.