bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cigarette consumption among University students in Montenegro: The prevalence and smoking habits
Authors: Bošković Vasilije , Vlaović-Bošković Jelena , Ljaljević Agima , Babović Batrić , Slović Živana , Ćorović Snežana , Nenadović Aleksandar , Mihaljević Olgica
Published: October 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette consumption and the differences in smoking habits among university students aged 18-26 years from different faculties in Montenegro. Method. This cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Montenegro in Podgorica and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results. The study enrolled 146 students of both genders (63 males and 83 females) with an average age of 21.63 ± 2.16 years. It was shown that overall prevalence of cigarette consumption was 52.05% among all participants i.e. 21.62% among the students of Faculty of Medicine (p < 0.001). Among the students who practiced smoking, 46.57% of them stated that it was in the period of high school. We did not estimate a significant difference in the daily smoking frequency (number of cigarettes per day) (p = 0.443). Also, study participants did not have a specific time during the day for cigarette consumption (67.20%). The largest number of students (40.70%) light the first cigarette more than half an hour after waking up. University students believed that cigarette smoking could help overcome stressful situations, and that it improved concentration and memory. Smoking status was found to be higher among the students of older age (p < 0.001) and advancing year of faculty (p = 0.002). The analysis showed no significant gender difference in smoking habits. Conclusion. Our investigation confirmed a high prevalence of cigarette consumption among university students in Montenegro, and therefore we recommend that appropriate programs for smoking prevention and cessation be developed.
On certain specific features of tax procedure as a type of administrative procedure
Authors: Golić Darko , Matić David
Published: October 2022

Due to numerous specific characteristics, but also the importance of regular functioning of Republic of Serbia in terms of financing public expenditures, our legislator pays a special attention to the tax system, tax administration and tax procedure. The activity of our legislator in this area is extremely intensive, so the changes in tax regulations have become more frequent, and public authorities, whether in the form of laws or some bylaws, often intervene in the area of the tax system. On the other hand, the rules of tax legislation, both material - in terms of the very bases of tax obligations, and procedural must be clear, in the way the citizens can determine and settle their tax obligations. In addition, in the interest of legal certainty, the legislator should not frequently change substantive and procedural tax regulations, and he should move within certain limits. Having that in mind, the legislator has limited himself by defining the tax procedure as a special administrative procedure, which is regulated by a special law, whereby the protective provisions provided by the Law on General Administrative Procedure must be kept in mind. Deviations from the rules of general administrative procedure are, of course, necessary and justified, but only to a certain extent, which is determined by the peculiarity and importance of the tax system, which results in special rules for establishing the obligation, determining the amount and fulfilling tax obligations. Guided by the peculiarities of tax legislation, the authors point out the deviations of the tax procedure from the general administrative procedure in terms of principles, initiations, nature of legal acts and other specific issues.
Democratization of property relations
Authors: Lakićević Snežana , Popović Milan
Published: October 2022

The process of democratization of property relations has affected, first of all, the European area, and then the other parts of the world. Having been established with a clear economic and social content, without the ideological burden, the employees shareholding and participation have the conditions to expand, strengthen their power and become one of the important factors in the structure of the modern society. In our area, the process of the transformation of social ownership began with the employees shareholding. Company employees were given the right to buy internal shares under privileged conditions. That was the main form of transformation. There was trust in the company to initiate, organize and manage the process of transformation in its own interest. The funds obtained through the issuance of shares, selling a part of the company or the whole company, according to the express provisions of the law, belong to the company or its complex form. Later, already during 90s, ideological properties were unjustifiably attributed to the employees shareholding and participation, which led to their complete exclusion from the economic and legal system. By subsequent regulations, privatization was almost exclusively reduced to selling, thus excluding all other possible different forms of privatization. This approach lost the sight of the basic economic objectives of privatization: there was no acquiring of new capital or new investment cycle; there were neither new business entities capable of receiving and fertilizing the capital emerged, nor the privatization represented an incentive for dynamic development of economy and employment. Economic enterprises were extinguished, and unemployment increased. And now, in a much less favorable economic and social climate, it is reasonable to raise the issue of whether there are still conditions to engage the inner forces that would take upon themselves the responsibility for getting out of the crisis, by introducing the employees shareholding and privatization. A prerequisite for this is certainly the creation of a legal framework for the establishment and development of the employees shareholding and participation. This would simultaneously bring us closer to the legal system of the European Union and its member states, in which the employees shareholding and participation are widely established and legally regulated institutions.
Legal bases of the police participation in emergency situations
Authors: Kekić Dalibor , Spasić Danijela , Čudan Aleksandar
Published: October 2022

Police officers who belong to the General Police Directorate of Republic of Serbia, in addition to the numerous powers and tasks they perform, based on the Law on Police, have the obligation to participate in protection and rescue operations. Besides the aforementioned law, the police are recognized as a part of the protection and rescue forces by the Law on Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. The role of the police in emergency situations is very important, and the scope of work of the police officers is expanding over time and becoming more and more diverse, and thus more complex. The police engages in the execution of tasks aimed at the security protection of citizens' property and lives, such as rescue and evacuation from endangered areas, providing first aid, delivery of food, medicine, etc.
On certain criminal-legal specific characteristics of corruption in Republic of Serbia
Authors: Iličin Svetlana , Dragojlović Joko
Published: October 2022

Corruption is a negative social phenomenon being present in all societies and states, and which can be found in all layers and relationships within a society. Corrupt practice, as an ubiquitous negative social phenomenon, certainly has its political, sociological, criminological, legal and other aspects. Bearing in mind the fact that the widespread corrupt practice significantly erodes the foundation of society, the allowance of its both survival and deepening necessarily results in the abandonment of democracy, democratic values, legal certainty and the rule of law. Therefore, every legislator, including the legislator in Republic of Serbia, prescribes various material and procedural legal measures trying to suppress corruption in the country. This paper looks at certain criminal law specific features of the incrimination of corruption at both the international and national level, but also at certain procedural aspects of prosecuting corruption crimes. In this sense, there is involved the competence of the specialized prosecuting and judicial authorities, including special evidentiary actions that are regularly used in discovering and prosecuting corrupt criminal offenses.
Liability of the seller from the contractual relationship regarding certain deficiencies within the sample and model sales contract
Authors: Varađanin Tanja
Published: October 2022

The seller's responsibilities for particular contractual defects, as a distinct, separate and very complex institute, are regulated by the Law of Contract. The authorized subject of the Law of Contract is free to decide on entering the contractual obligation. The goal of the subjects, in the context of concluding a contractual relationship, is its realization. However, in addition to the stated common interest of the contracting parties, in practice, there is very often a situation when one of the contracting parties does not perform the contract in full, or performs it, but the subject of the contractual relationship is not consistent with the contract. The sales contract, together with its modalities, are regulated by the Law of Contract legal provisions regulating the institute of seller's liability in the context of defects in the contractual relationship within the sample and model sales contract are not precisely and clearly regulated. The necessity and obligation to define the institute of seller's responsibility for defects of items from the contractual relationship within the sample and model sales contract, is reflected in a precise and linguistically clear definition of seller's liability for eviction and material defects. The proposed solutions in the paper could be a great contribution to legal science, but legal practice too.
A constitutional disposition of cultural male circumcision as a heritage right
Authors: Rapatsa Mashele
Published: October 2022

South Africa's constitutional framework entrenches a variety of legislative imperatives that protects culture as a right. Sections 30 and 31 of the Constitution, 1996 were specifically enshrined to resonate with the spirit and purport of the need to protect cultural rights. Some statutory enactments such as Children's Act 38 of 2005 and Limpopo Initiation Schools Act 6 of 2016 are also highly respectful of cultural rights thereby enabling cultural families and communities to subject their children to practice any such cultural activities of their choice, but to the extent that it is practicable. It is argued that while South Africa's post-1994 constitutional apparatus are fundamentally rights based orientated and thus require the state and every legal and juristic persons to be bearers of such a responsibility of protecting human rights, the state is correspondingly obligated to protect cultural rights as a constitutional entitlement in order for citizens to enjoy heritage as a right, either as a group or individuals with cultural orientation. Constitutionally speaking, the state is prohibited from engaging in acts that unjustly interferes with free enjoyment of heritage as a right. The article adopted a traditional legal doctrinal methodological approach, which is best suited for interpreting legislative instruments to capture a variety of plausible meanings and implications to a real life legal situation.
Diversion model of responding to juvenile delinquency and the role of the social welfare system
Authors: Vasiljević-Prodanović Danica , Kovačević Milica
Published: October 2022

Advocating for the widest possible diversionary response to juvenile delinquency is a general trend and a key tendency of modern juvenile criminal law. Scientific research and the focus on the best interests of the child strongly support the aforementioned facts. However, there is arisen a question concerning the fact how the general and abstract support for diversion and suspension of criminal proceedings, and transferring the juvenile offenders to the social welfare system, is reflected in everyday practice. Therefore, the paper starts with some introductory considerations about the concept and positive aspects of the diversion model, followed by the review of certain criticisms addressed to it. We devote the central part of the paper to the analysis of data related to Serbia and the social welfare service in Belgrade, in order to test the hypothesis of insufficiency of support for the diversion model in practice. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize recommendations for improving the practice of dealing with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system. We used an analytical-synthetic approach with the use of content analysis, normative, comparative and descriptive-statistical method.
Reorganization as a business philosophy
Authors: Milošević Isidora , Bajčetić Marija
Published: October 2022

The most common problems faced by business societies are the inability to pay or carry out the obligations to third parties, i.e. their creditors. When an economic entity is unable to settle its obligations, creditors and third parties cannot regularly collect their receivables and then bankruptcy occurs. Changes in business conditions in the world, especially if business conditions deteriorate, will raise the issue of opening and efficiency of bankruptcy proceedings. The condition for initiating a pre-bankruptcy proceedings is insolvency, where, as a rule, debts are greater than the value of the debtor's assets. Today, the economic entity, in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Law on business societies, is responsible for all its obligations with its assets. So, when it becomes unable to pay, it has mainly two alternatives, bankruptcy or possibly, the possibility of reorganization if its creditors deem it to be more expedient. The aim of bankruptcy is to remove those economic entities which do not achieve even the minimum of profitability doing their business and which are incapable of normal work and business. The overhaul of the bankruptcy debtor is a newer institute of our bankruptcy law. It includes the transformation of debtors at several levels such as legal-organizational, management and financial. The Institute of Restructuring is based on the debtor's contract with creditors, giving him/her an opportunity to recover economically and avoid bankruptcy, i.e. deletion from the registry of legal entities, and it enables more favourable settlement of receivables.
Legal treatment and practical experience in air quality monitoring for the city of Novi Sad
Authors: Malinović Marija , Čičovački Tamara
Published: October 2022

Air quality is a very important parameter both for one human and for all living beings on earth. Adequate protection and improvement of the environment and air is the area of a great importance on which Republic of Serbia has to work continuously. Tracking (or monitoring) the state and quality of the environment includes a series of actions aimed at obtaining the reliable data on the condition of the environmental pollution. By the Regulation of establishing the List of air quality categories according to zones and agglomerations on the territory of Republic of Serbia for the year 2018, it was determined that air quality in the agglomeration "Novi Sad" is in the first category, which means that the air is clean or slightly polluted (pollutant substances did not cross the limit values). Bearing in mind the importance of the topic, at the very beginning of this article, the problem of air pollution is more closely defined with reference to the legal treatment of protection and the improvement of the environment in general and air as a separate category. This article is primarily focused on the analysis of practical experiences regarding air quality monitoring for the City of Novi Sad.
The forms of economic crime in a bankruptcy proceedings
Authors: Rašević Milica , Jakovljević Marija
Published: October 2022

In modern conditions of business conduct of economic entities, the importance of bankruptcy and a bankruptcy proceedings is unambiguously emphasized. The conditions preceding to bankruptcy as an institute of economic law are a consequence of the economic and financial position of a certain economic entity. At the very beginning, the paper gives a brief overview of the conceptual definition of bankruptcy and its goals. The primary focus of the paper rests on the forms of economic crime in a bankruptcy proceedings, which in part includes a brief overview of the concept and characteristics of economic crime as an extremely complex and important form of modern crime. Having in mind the main subject of the paper, the valid criminal legislation of Republic of Serbia envisages two criminal offenses against the economy which can be committed in connection with and/or relating to bankruptcy. These are causing bankruptcy (from Article 232) and causing false bankruptcy (from Article 232a).
The geopolitical and security aspects of the Kosovo-Metohija knot
Authors: Glišin Vanja , Despotović Ljubiša
Published: October 2022

Due to the intertwined and parallel interests of the great powers in Kosovo and Metohija, a kind of geopolitical knot has been created, as a field of aggressive geopolitical actions by non-Balkan and Balkan neighbouring political factors, which is reflected in current events, making them politically and security complex. After 2008, we have witnessed the unilaterally recognized so-called independence of Kosovo, which continued the process of internal transition and territorial fragmentation of Serbia that is clearly marked as a challenge and threat even in the current geopolitical and security context. Therefore, the paper has tried to show and explain the importance of the southern Serbian province, first of all emphasizing its geographical and geopolitical importance as a central area on the Balkan Peninsula, which makes it very important for the control of traffic, economic, communication, strategic and other corridors. The second part of the paper presents a geopolitical analysis of the current events in the south of Serbia and the consequences for the country's internal political structure and international position. In addition, the security aspects of the Kosovo-Metohija knot have been analysed, with a focus on national security and security problems caused by the violent exclusion of the Serbian territory and the self-proclamation of the so-called independence of Kosovo, in order to find sustainable solutions for the security situation in the south of Serbia.
The position of the people's Republic of China on Kosovo and Metohija in the context of the defence of international law and the expansion of the interest frontiers
Authors: Mitić Aleksandar
Published: October 2022

Despite the geopolitical challenges in the immediate environment in Central Asia and the Pacific, the People's Republic of China plays an increasingly active diplomatic role in the Balkans, primarily by providing unconditional support to Belgrade regarding Kosovo and Metohija. Is it an isolated step forward or a tactical move that is in line with the new strategic foreign policy thinking? In search for an answer, the paper considers the evolution of the principle of non-interference in China's foreign policy, its re-evaluation and adaptation in the context of the transition to a multipolar world order, the expansion of the "interest frontiers" conditioned by the Belt and Road Initiative, and the preservation of China's territorial integrity and sovereignty in the matter of Tibet, Xinjiang, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The paper analyses the processes that have strengthened Beijing's position on Kosovo and Metohija in recent years: the derecognition of Taiwan and Kosovo and Metohija, the increased Western pressure on Xinjiang and Hong Kong, and the understanding that resolving the status of Kosovo and Metohija is impossible without China's approval in the UN Security Council. It has been concluded that the issue of Kosovo and Metohija reflects both the main postulates of China's foreign policy and its evolution. This attitude of Beijing will make it difficult for the West to complete the "independence of Kosovo", it will increase the pressure of the EU and the US on Serbia, and it will also strengthen the resilience of Belgrade.
The Kosovo-Metohija crisis: The military strategic problems
Authors: Krga Branko
Published: October 2022

The subject of this paper's analysis is an overview of the military strategic problems related to the Kosovo-Metohija crisis1 . For a long time, Serbia has been facing challenges related to the Kosovo-Metohija crisis in almost all spheres of the state functioning including the military strategic problems as one of the most difficult. The main hypothesis is that the research of the military strategic problems related to the Kosovo-Metohija crisis, is necessary in order to discover new experiences that are important for the security and defence of the country in the present and future times. The objective of the research is to consider the characteristics of the important military strategic problems from the time of preparation and defence against the NATO aggression, as well as in the post-war period. Standard methods have been used in the paper, such as analysis, synthesis, historical method, content analysis method, and in a certain sense modeling, that is, searching for a way to avoid the problems we faced during the past period. The research has shown that this topic is necessary for at least three reasons. Firstly, the security and defence of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: FRY), and above all of Serbia, in 1999, as well as in the period before and after the aggression, found themselves in an almost unique position - that the country was preparing and defending itself against the aggression of nineteen NATO members. Secondly, there are different interpretations of those events, so it is important that the direct participants in the defence against aggression express their true views. Thirdly, although almost 23 years have passed since the peak of the Kosovo-Metohija crisis - the NATO aggression in 1999, various forms of challenges, risks and threats to the defence and security of our country continue to manifest themselves.
The extremism of the Kosovo-Metohija area as an obstacle to dialogue
Authors: Subotić Milovan , Milenković Miloš
Published: October 2022

The period after the 1990s wars was marked by many difficulties in relations between states established by the dissolution of the former SFRY, and one of the most significant obstacles to the relaxation of interstate, interethnic and interconfessional relations is the fact that extremism in these areas persists even in the advanced third decade since the end of the war conflicts. The example of the southern Serbian province of Kosovo and Metohija, in the context of the survival of various varieties of political violence, is certainly considered one of the most blatant in the otherwise "too rich" milieu of the Balkans in these types of violence. Starting from the hypothesis that the strong extremism of the area of the southern Serbian province represents a serious obstacle to dialogue, the paper analyses some of the most dominant forms of political violence in Kosovo and Metohija, such as extremism inspired by religious and ethno-nationalist narratives, according to the knowledge about variability and development, identity and diversity, opposites and contradictions. The emphasis is placed on their mutual relation in the context of superimposing characteristics, as well as the way in which they are incriminatingly incorporated into the complex dialogue about the final status of the southern Serbian province.
Islamic extremism in Kosovo and Metohija: A security challenge for the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Vukelić Milan
Published: October 2022

In recent years, we have witnessed many unfortunate events across Europe, whose culprits are Islamic extremists. They carry out terrorist attacks, which cause numerous civilian casualties and a sense of fear and defeatism in society, which is one of the main goals of terrorism. It is simply impossible not to notice that the main actors of such events are often Albanians from Kosovo and Metohija (hereinafter referred to as KiM), sympathizers and even active members of the Islamic State and related terrorist organizations. This fact represents a real danger for the security of the citizens of the Republic of Serbia, primarily due to the number of jihadists from Syria and Iraq, who have returned to the territory of the southern Serbian province, but also other factors that will be analysed in this paper using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research method. As the ultimate goal of this analysis, which will represent its scientific and social contribution, potential solutions will be offered that could contribute to our country confronting the threat of growing Islamic extremism, whose epicentre is precisely in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija.
The violent struggle for independence: The Basque-Kosovo parallels
Authors: Petrović Rajko
Published: October 2022

This paper represents a comparative analysis of the struggle for independence of two European regions - the Basque Country and Kosovo and Metohija, whose main method was terrorist activity. The objective of the research is to show why, in the case of Kosovo, the KLA was declared a terrorist organization by the western part of the international community, and then won the military support, as well as the support to illegal unilateral secession, while, on the other hand, the Basque ETA was characterized from the very beginning to the end of its existence as a terrorist organization, where Spain received full support in the fight against it, and also in the struggle against the secession of the Basque Country in general. The starting hypothesis of the paper is that the implementation of double standards in these two cases is the result of geopolitical interests of the Western power centres, and not observance of international law and necessary conditions to allow secession of a part of the territory of a sovereign state. The results of the research show that, despite the fact that the Basque people suffered various forms of repression during the Franco era, they did not receive support for the establishment of an independent state, unlike the Albanians from Kosovo and Metohija who were allowed to do so, despite already having the home state of Albania. Methodologically, the paper has used the case study method, comparative analysis method and historical method.
The redefinition of the relationship between the Serbian and Albanian nation: The basis of the security consolidation of Kosovo and Metohija
Authors: Stojanović Stanislav
Published: October 2022

A lot of arguments support the view that the so-called Republic of Kosovo represents a model of a state that is based on violence, injustice, imposition and the absence of any idea of compromise. The national arrogance and aggressive ideas of Greater Albania, as well as the megalomaniac, violent and undemocratic character of the actions of the interim authorities in Prishtina, represent a real danger for further dissolution of the Balkans, which is why this area is perceived as an area of unfinished conflicts. From the point of view of accomplishing national interests, Kosovo and Metohija represents the greatest security challenge for the Republic of Serbia. The danger of further collapsing and diminishing the Serbian ethnic space, especially of changing the original Serbian character of the southern Serbian province and threatening the identity heritage of the Serbian nation represent particularly dangerous trends in the conflictual character of relations between Serbs and Albanians. The importance of Kosovo and Metohija and the severity and complexity of the problem that the southern Serbian province faces emphasize the necessity of defining a long-term strategy for its solution. With its content, it has to be a clear expression of conceptual readiness for solving the complex Kosovo-Metohija problem. At the basis of such a strategy, which is the starting hypothesis of this paper, is the necessity of redefining the relationship between the Serbian and Albanian nation and stopping the inertia of centuries-old mistrust and animosity between them. The stated position, which has a strategic character, is the cornerstone of the security stabilization and reintegration of Kosovo and Metohija. The main methodological procedures of the research process in this paper are comparative historical method and the method of document content analysisthe case study method, comparative analysis method and historical method.
The soft and smart power of Serbia as a means to solve the Kosovo-Metohija issue
Authors: Matić Petar , Mirović-Janković Aleksandra
Published: October 2022

The paper analyses the role of soft and smart power as a strategic means by which it is possible to defend the vital national interests of the Republic of Serbia regarding Kosovo and Metohija. These means of foreign policy gain particular importance in the context of turbulent and dynamic changes at global level, primarily in the sense of rearranging global power relations and shifting power towards new, growing centres, along with the reshaping of the world order towards multipolarity. In the introductory part of the paper, a theoretical approach is taken to consider the main terms and concepts covered by the subject of the research. The central part analyses the elements that make up the Serbian soft and smart power in the light of the aforementioned changes in international relations. In this regard, the most important documents related to the resolution of the issue of Kosovo and Metohija have been analysed. The position of Serbia in relation to the key factors at international level is also discussed, as well as their positioning in relation to this problem. In the final part of the paper, an effort has been made to clarify to what extent it is possible to combine hard and soft power in the issue of Kosovo and Metohija, viewed primarily through the prism of the strengthening influence of forces in favour of Serbia, primarily China and Russia, and also the still non-existent recognition of the so-called Kosovo as an independent state by five EU members.
Intrinsic Mechanism of MOOC Innovation in Higher Education and Its Application Sustainability
Authors: Junjing ZHAO
Published: October 2022

This paper studies the intrinsic mechanism of MOOC innovation in higher education and its application sustainability. Popularization of higher education It is a trend of development and progress in the world, and it has become a priority for most countries because of economic globalization, the emergence of knowledge economy and fierce national competition. The pace of the massification has been accelerated by economic globalization, the rise of knowledge-based economy and the fierce competition for national power, and it has become a national policy or a goal of most countries. It has become a national policy or a goal to be achieved in most countries. With the development of social science and the social science itself becoming the object of general research, functional classification has been applied to social science disciplines. This paper gives the novel integration with the MOOCs to propose the suggestions.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Argüman Üretebilme Becerilerinin Farklı Değişkenlere göre Analizi
Authors: KANDEMİR Mehmet Ali , APAYDIN Zeki
Published: October 2022

Argüman üretme becerisi fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programında öğrencilere kazandırılması gereken önemli beceriler arasındadır. İlgili becerinin kazandırılıp geliştirilmesinde öğretmenlerin rolü yadsınamaz. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin argüman üretme becerilerinin farklı değişkenlere göre analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma 2021-2022 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Marmara Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir büyük şehire bağlı bir ilçede yedi farklı okulda görev yapan 70 sınıf öğretmenin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nicel araştırma modellerinden biri olan tarama modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Katılımcıları amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan kolay ulaşılabilir durum örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Veriler katılımcılara ilkokul fen bilimleri öğretim programı (3 ve 4. sınıf) kapsamında argüman üretmeleri sağlanarak elde edilmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin ürettiği argümanlar derece puanlama anahtarı kullanılarak puanlara dönüştürülmüştür. İlgili puanların analizinde Mann Whitney U Testi (U) ve Kruskal Wallis H Testi (χ²) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sınıf öğretmenlerinin argüman üretme becerilerinin “geliştirilmeli” düzeyinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca argüman üretme beceri puanları, cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyi değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak argüman üretme beceri puanları, mesleki yıl ve öğretim yaptığı sınıf düzeyi değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar bağlamında öğretmen yetiştiren kurumların ders müfredatına argüman süreçleriyle ilgili bir ders eklenmesi önerilebilir.
The effect of job strain and worksite social support on reported adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccine: A prospective study of employees in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Kuroda Reiko , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro , Kawakami Norito
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This prospective study aimed to examine the association of psychosocial working conditions with adverse reactions after receiving COVID-19 vaccination in a sample of employees in Japan.

Methods

The data were retrieved from an online panel of full-time employees (E-COCO-J). The analysis included participants who were employed and were not vaccinated at baseline (June 2021) but received vaccination at a 4-month follow-up (October 2021). An 11-item scale measured the adverse reactions. Four types of psychosocial working conditions (i.e., job demands, job control, and supervisor and coworker support) were measured using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the psychosocial working conditions and adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines, adjusting for socioeconomic variables, chronic disease, the number of vaccination, type of vaccine, anxiety for adverse reactions, fear and worry about COVID-19, and psychological distress at baseline.

Results

Overall, 747 employees were included in the analysis. The average number of adverse reactions was 3.8 (standard deviation = 2.2): Arm pain (81.1%), fatigues (64.1%), muscle pains (63.3%), and fever (37.5°C+) (53.5%) were reported more frequently. Coworker support score was significantly and negatively associated with the numbers of adverse reactions (standardized β = −0.100, P = .023). Women, young age, second-time vaccination, Moderna, and high psychological distress were significantly associated with adverse reactions.

Conclusions

Employees with low coworker support may be more likely to have adverse reactions after vaccinations. The findings of this study could support that increasing workplace support may reduce adverse reactions.
Liraglutide enhances the effect of checkpoint blockade in lung and liver cancers through the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Chen Duo , Liang Hongxin , Huang Luyu , Zhou Haiyu , Wang Zheng
Published: October 2022

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) regulates glycemic excursions by augmenting insulin production and inhibiting glucagon secretion. Liraglutide, a long‐acting GLP‐1 analog, can improve glycemic control for treating type 2 diabetes and prevent neutrophil extravasation in inflammation. Here, we explored the role of liraglutide in the development and therapy of murine lung and liver cancers. In this study, liraglutide substantially decreased circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) markers myeloperoxidase, elastase, and dsDNA in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) and Hepa1‐6 tumor‐bearing mice. Furthermore, liraglutide downregulated NETs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. Functionally, in vitro experiments showed that liraglutide reduced NET formation by inhibiting ROS. In addition, we showed that liraglutide enhanced the anti‐tumoral efficiency of programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibition in LLC and Hepa1‐6 tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice. However, the removal of NETs significantly weakened the antitumor efficiency of liraglutide. We further demonstrated that the long‐term antitumor CD8+ T cell responses induced by the combination therapy rejected rechallenges by respective tumor cell lines. Taken together, our findings suggest that liraglutide may promote the anti‐tumoral efficiency of PD‐1 inhibition by reducing NETs in lung and liver cancers.
In Situ Nucleation‐Decoupled and Site‐Specific Incorporation of Å‐Scale Pores in Graphene Via Epoxidation
Authors: Huang Shiqi , Villalobos Luis Francisco , Li Shaoxian , Vahdat Mohammad Tohidi , Chi Heng‐Yu , Hsu Kuang‐Jung , Bondaz Luc , Boureau Victor , Marzari Nicola , Agrawal Kumar Varoon
Published: October 2022

Generating pores in graphene by decoupled nucleation and expansion is desired to achieve a fine control over the porosity, and is desired to advance several applications. Herein, epoxidation is introduced, which is the formation of nanosized epoxy clusters on the graphitic lattice as nucleation sites without forming pores. In situ gasification of clusters inside a transmission electron microscope shows that pores are generated precisely at the site of the clusters by surpassing an energy barrier of 1.3 eV. Binding energy predictions using ab initio calculations combined with the cluster nucleation theory reveal the structure of the epoxy clusters and indicate that the critical cluster is an epoxy dimer. Finally, it is shown that the cluster gasification can be manipulated to form Å‐scale pores which then effectively sieve gas molecules based on their size. This decoupled cluster nucleation and pore formation will likely pave the way for an independent control of pore size and density.
Extremely Suppressed Energetic Disorder in a Chemically Doped Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Kim Seong Hyeon , Yook Hyunwoo , Sung Woong , Choi Jinhyeok , Lim Hyungsub , Chung Sein , Han Jeong Woo , Cho Kilwon
Published: October 2022

Chemical doping can be used to tune the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers (CPs), extending their applications as conducting materials. Unfortunately, chemically doped CP films containing excess dopants exhibit an increase in energetic disorder upon structural alteration, and Coulomb interactions between charge carriers and dopants also affect such disorder. The increase in energetic disorder leads to a broadening of the density of states, which consequently impedes efficient charge transport in chemically doped CPs. However, the molecular origins that are inherently resistant to such incidental increase of energetic disorder in chemically doped CPs have not been sufficiently explored. Here, it is discovered that energetic disorder in chemically doped CPs can be suppressed to a level close to the theoretical limit. Indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) doped with triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate (OA) exhibits disorder‐free charge‐transport characteristics and band‐like transport behavior with astonishing carrier mobility as a result of reinforced 1D intramolecular transport. Molecular structure of IDTBT provides a capability to lower the energetic disorder that generally arises from the inclusion of heterogeneous dopants. The results suggest the possibilities of implementing disorder‐free CPs that exhibit excellent charge transport characteristics in the chemically doped state and satisfy a prerequisite for their availability in the industry.
Accelerating Electron‐Transfer Dynamics by TiO2‐Immobilized Reversible Single‐Atom Copper for Enhanced Artificial Photosynthesis of Urea
Authors: Li Dong , Zhao Yunxuan , Miao Yingxuan , Zhou Chao , Zhang Li‐Ping , Wu Li‐Zhu , Zhang Tierui
Published: October 2022

Photocatalysis as a sustainable technology is expected to provide a novel sight for the green synthesis of urea directly using N2, CO2, and H2O under mild conditions. However, the fundamental issue of inefficient electron transfer in photocatalysis strongly hinders its feasibility, especially for the above multi‐electron‐demanding urea synthesis. Herein, an effective strategy of accelerating electron‐transfer dynamics is reported by TiO2‐immobilized reversible single‐atom copper (denoted as Cu SA‐TiO2) to enhance the performance for photosynthesis of urea from N2, CO2, and H2O. As revealed by a series of quasi‐in‐situ characterizations (e.g., electron paramagnetic resonance, and wavelength‐resolved and femtosecond time‐resolved spectroscopies), the expedited dynamics behaviors originating from reversible single‐atom copper in as‐designed Cu SA‐TiO2 (electron extraction rate: over 30 times faster than the reference photocatalysts) allow the assurance of abundant and continual photogenerated electrons for multi‐electron‐demanding co‐photoactivation of N2 and CO2, resulting in considerable rates of urea production. The strategy above for improving the photoelectron‐extraction ability of photocatalysts will offer a high‐efficiency and promising route for artificial urea photosynthesis and other multi‐electron‐demanding photocatalytic reactions.
Regulation of Polymer Configurations Enables Green Solvent‐Processed Large‐Area Binary All‐Polymer Solar Cells With Breakthrough Performance and High Efficiency Stretchability Factor
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Deng Jiawei , Zhu Yangyang , Geng Xiaokang , Zhang Lifu , Jeong Sang Young , Zhou Dan , Woo Han Young , Chen Dong , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie
Published: October 2022

With the great potential of the all‐polymer solar cells for large‐area wearable devices, both large‐area device efficiency and mechanical flexibility are very critical but attract limited attention. In this work, from the perspective of the polymer configurations, two types of terpolymer acceptors PYTX‐A and PYTX‐B (X = Cl or H) are developed. The configuration difference caused by the replacement of non‐conjugated units results in distinct photovoltaic performance and mechanical flexibility. Benefiting from a good match between the intrinsically slow film‐forming of the active materials and the technically slow film‐forming of the blade‐coating process, the toluene‐processed large‐area (1.21 cm2) binary device achieves a record efficiency of 14.70%. More importantly, a new parameter of efficiency stretchability factor (ESF) is proposed for the first time to comprehensively evaluate the overall device performance. PM6:PYTCl‐A and PM6:PYTCl‐B yield significantly higher ESF than PM6:PY‐IT. Further blending with non‐conjugated polymer donor PM6‐A, the best ESF of 3.12% is achieved for PM6‐A:PYTCl‐A, which is among the highest comprehensive performances.
Controllable Gold Nanocluster–Emulsion Interface for Direct Cell Penetration and Photothermal Killing
Authors: Yang Ning , Kang Yuetong , Cong Yujie , Wang Xiaoyu , Yao Chuang , Wang Shu , Li Lidong
Published: October 2022

In the view of their ability to be uptaken by cells, colloidal particles can exert diverse physiological effects and are promising vehicles for the intracellular delivery of biologically active substances. Given that the modulation of biomaterial interfaces greatly facilitates the prediction and control of the corresponding cellular responses, the interfacial behavior of hydrophobic dye‐modified gold (Au) nanoclusters (Au NCs) is rationally designed to develop Au NC‐containing emulsions and control their biointerfacial interactions with cell membranes. The observed biological performance is indicative of a physical penetration mechanism. The amphiphilic Au NCs decrease the interfacial energy of two immiscible liquids and hinder droplet coalescence to facilitate the formation of emulsions thermodynamically stabilized by dipole–dipole and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the amphiphilic Au NCs are localized on the emulsion droplet surface and form segregated interfacial microdomains that adapt to the membrane structure and facilitate the traverse of the emulsions across the cell membrane via direct penetration. Fast penetration coupled with excellent photophysical performance endows the emulsions with multifluorescence tracing and efficient photothermal killing capabilities. The successful change of the interaction mode between NCs and biological objects and the provision of a universal formulation to modulate biointerfacial interactions are expected to inspire new bioapplications.
Blockade of Nuclear β‐Catenin Signaling via Direct Targeting of RanBP3 with NU2058 Induces Cell Senescence to Suppress Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Zheng Can‐Can , Liao Long , Liu Ya‐Ping , Yang Yan‐Ming , He Yan , Zhang Guo‐Geng , Li Shu‐Jun , Liu Ting , Xu Wen Wen , Li Bin
Published: October 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with high prevalence and low 5‐year survival. Most of the CRC patients show excessive activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway which is a vital target for CRC treatment. Based on multiple CRC cell lines with different nuclear expression of β‐catenin, NU2058 is identified from a small molecule library consisting of 280 bioactive compounds and found to selectively inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells with nuclear β‐catenin activation in vitro and in vivo. The translational significance of NU2058 alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs oxaliplatin and irinotecan (SN38) in CRC is demonstrated in orthotopic tumor model and patient‐derived xenograft models. By integrating limited proteolysis‐small molecule mapping (LiP‐SMap) and mass spectrometry (MS), Ran‐binding protein 3 (RanBP3) is identified as the direct target of NU2058. The results show that RanBP3 is a tumor suppressor in CRC and is associated with patient survival. Mechanistically, NU2058 increases the interaction of RanBP3 and β‐catenin to promote nuclear export of β‐catenin, which further inhibits transcription of c‐Myc and cyclin D1 to induce cell senescence. Collectively, NU2058 may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for CRC patients with selective disruption of pathologic Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
A novel IL/MOF nanocomposite tailored for trace SO2 efficient capture based on synergistic effects
Authors: Zhao Huifang , Gu Xingping , Yan Tongan , Han Guopeng , Liu Dahuan
Published: October 2022

Due to its toxicity and corrosiveness, it is of enormous significance to efficiently capture and recover sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas and natural gas. Herein, a new type of IL/MIL‐0.7 composite was precisely designed to meet this challenge, which exhibits a high adsorption capacity for SO2 (13.17 mmol g−1) at 298 K and 1.0 bar while excludes almost completely carbon dioxide (CO2, 0.27 mmol g−1) and nitrogen (N2, 0.07 mmol g−1). The high IAST selectivity (at least 11,925) of IL/MIL‐0.7 for SO2/CO2 can be achieved within the whole test pressure range. In addition, the breakthrough experiment also confirmed the excellent performance of the composite for deep removal of 2000 ppm SO2. Furthermore, the IL/MIL‐0.7 composites can maintain excellent performance after four adsorption/desorption cycles and the thermostability can up to ~450 K. Therefore, this stable IL/MOF composite has the potential application as an effective adsorbent for SO2 removal from flue gas and natural gas.