bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination against Oncoproteins of HPV16 for Noninvasive Vulvar/Vaginal Lesions: Lesion Clearance Is Related to the Strength of the T-Cell Response
Authors: van Poelgeest Mariëtte I.E. , Welters Marij J.P. , Vermeij Renee , Stynenbosch Linda F.M. , Loof Nikki M. , Berends-van der Meer Dorien M.A. , Löwik Margriet J.G. , Hamming Ineke L.E. , van Esch Edith M.G. , Hellebrekers Bart W.J. , van Beurden Marc , Schreuder Henk W. , Kagie Marjolein J. , Trimbos J. Baptist M.Z. , Fathers Lorraine M. , Daemen Toos , Hollema Harry , Valentijn A. Rob P.M. , Oostendorp Jaap , Oude Elberink J. Hanneke N.G. , Fleuren Gertjan J. , Bosse Tjalling , Kenter Gemma G. , Stijnen Theo , Nijman Hans W. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , van der Burg Sjoerd H.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Therapeutic vaccination with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 synthetic long peptides (SLP) is effective against HPV16-induced high-grade vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN/VaIN). However, clinical nonresponders displayed weak CD8+ T-cell reactivity. Here, we studied if imiquimod applied at the vaccine site could improve CD8+ T-cell reactivity, clinical efficacy, and safety of HPV16-SLP (ISA101).

Experimental Design: A multicenter open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with HPV16+ high-grade VIN/VaIN. Patients received ISA101 vaccination with or without application of 5% imiquimod at the vaccine site. The primary objective was the induction of a directly ex vivo detectable HPV16-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The secondary objectives were clinical responses (lesion size, histology, and virology) and their relation with the strength of vaccination-induced immune responses.

Results: Forty-three patients were assigned to either ISA101 with imiquimod (n = 21) or ISA101 only (n = 22). Imiquimod did not improve the outcomes of vaccination. However, vaccine-induced clinical responses were observed in 18 of 34 (53%; 95% CI, 35.1–70.2) patients at 3 months and in 15 of 29 (52%; 95% CI, 32.5–70.6) patients, 8 of whom displayed a complete histologic response, at 12 months after the last vaccination. All patients displayed vaccine-induced T-cell responses, which were significantly stronger in patients with complete responses. Importantly, viral clearance occurred in all but one of the patients with complete histologic clearance.

Conclusions: This new study confirms that clinical efficacy of ISA101 vaccination is related to the strength of vaccine-induced HPV16-specific T-cell immunity and is an effective therapy for HPV16-induced high-grade VIN/VaIN. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2342–50. ©2016 AACR.

See related commentary by Karaki et al., p. 2317
Bigger babies are bolder: effects of body size on personality of hatchling snakes
Authors: Mayer Martin , Shine Richard , Brown Gregory P.
Published: January 2016

An animal’s susceptibility to risk may be partly dependent on its body size. But are larger individuals bolder? We assessed this question by measuring time to emerge from a shelter in repeated trials on hatchling keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii). Estimates of repeatability of emergence times suggested they measure some underlying personality dimension related to boldness. Larger hatchlings emerged from shelter sooner than small ones. Hatchling mass of keelbacks is substantially influenced both by maternal phenotype and by incubation conditions. Given the environmental basis of much of the variation in offspring size, the size-boldness association may reflect a facultative ability to adjust behavioural tactics to body size, as well as innate differences in personality traits between large versus small hatchlings. The link between size and boldness suggests that the survival advantage of larger offspring size in this population may be driven by snake behaviour as well as morphology.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. fujianensis (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from rice and forage grass seeds in Brazil
Authors: de Jesus Dalila Sêni , Oliveira Claudio Marcelo Gonçalves , Roberts David , Blok Vivian , Neilson Roy , Prior Thomas , Balbino Huarlen Márcio , MacKenzie Katrin M. , Oliveira Rosângela D’Arc de Lima
Published: January 2016

Morphologically similarAphelenchoidesspp. populations extracted from rice and forage grass seeds from different geographical regions in Brazil were morphologically and molecularly characterised. Overall, the populations studied separated into two groups based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, referred to herein as ‘Group-rice’ and ‘Group-forage’. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of SSU, LSU and mtCOI regions strongly supported the presence of two dichotomous groups with Group-rice and Group-forage populations genetically similar toA. besseyiandA. fujianensis, respectively. This study reports the presence of a morphologically similar species toA. besseyiassociated with seeds of grasses, but genetically distinct based on three genomic regions, which our results strongly suggest to beA. fujianensis, this being a new geographical record for Brazil. Additional information regarding spicule morphology of maleA. besseyiis also reported.
The Urban History of the Ottoman Empire in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Altınöz Meltem Özkan
Published: January 2016

This article demonstrates how architecture and politics concomitantly reflect Jewish history in the Ottoman Empire. Jewish architecture shows concrete cultural entities that may afford us with opportunities to broaden social inquiry and our understanding of history. The study traces Galata Jewry under the Ottoman Empire and deciphers their role in the formation of Galata’s urban texture and ethnic outlook. Additionally, it investigates the Ottoman administrative system and the active role of Galata Jewry in this system, whereby Jews contributed to the urban and economic development of the Empire.
From Nowhere to “Partyslava”
Authors: Barrer Peter
Published: January 2016

Over the past two decades, Prague has cemented itself as a tourist hotspot in the popular imagination. But what of Bratislava, long considered a “poor cousin” to Prague? What images of Bratislava have foreign publics been presented with since the fall of communism in East-Central Europe and the establishment of the Slovak Republic? Building on previous research which has examined visitors’ historical perceptions of Bratislava primarily from a German-speaking perspective, this paper seeks to map the development of Bratislava’s image in media texts from English-speaking countries since 1989 by focusing on two central motifs: Bratislava as a post-communist space and Bratislava as a locus of touristic pleasures (“Partyslava”). The images presented herein will be evaluated and contrasted with local descriptions of Bratislava, thus offering a cross-cultural perspective which will contribute to the wider discussion of popular perceptions of post-communist urban spaces in East-Central Europe.
A tale of two islands: parallel evolution of dwarfism in Smilax biflora (Smilacaceae)
Authors: SUN ZHONG-SHUAI , ZHOU WENBIN , JIN XIN-JIE , OHI-TOMA TETSUO , LI PAN , FU CHENG-XIN
Published: January 2016

Smilax biflora is an insular species which only occurs on two islands of the northern Ryukyus, Japan. It is also the smallest species of the genus, probably due to the adaptation to the special insular understory environment. Morphological, karyotype and molecular data indicate that the two known populations of S. biflora (bWJ, Yakushima, 2n = 32 and bAM, Amami, 2n = 60) have undergone parallel evolution, with the Yakushima population nested within S. trinervula (2n = 32) and the Amami population sister to them. The two populations of S. biflora also show statistically significant difference in leaf morphology, although they seem to present similar morphological characters of dwarf habit, flexuose stems, dense thorns and small leaves. Thus we recognize the Amami population as a new species, Smilax amamiana Z.S.Sun & P.Li. The discovery of the unique nature of S. biflora highlights the importance of closer examinations on insular species by integrating multiple lines of evidence.
Rediscovery, identity and typification of Dichorisandra picta (Commelinaceae) and comments on the short-stemmed Dichorisandra species
Authors: Pellegrini Marco Octávio de Oliveira , Almeida Rafael Felipe de
Published: January 2016

Dichorisandra picta has been considered a name of dubious application due to the lack of known herbarium specimens, and consequently lack of a type specimen, and information regarding its natural distribution. Recent field, herbaria and literature studies, focusing on the species of Commelinaceae from Rio de Janeiro state, clarified the identity and application of this enigmatic name. As a result, the typification of the names related to D. picta is presented, along with the first complete description for this species, field photographs and a distribution map. Dichorisandra picta is also compared with the remaining species of the D. acaulis morphological group.
Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic)
Authors: SoutO Javier , Berning Björn , Ostrovsky Andrew N.
Published: January 2016

Galicia Bank is a large seamount situated c. 200 km off NW Iberia with a minimum depth of 600 m. It was recently included in Natura 2000, an EU-wide network of nature protection areas. We here present the first taxonomic descriptions of cheilostome bryozoans from this bank. The specimens were collected through the Spanish project INDEMARES (during BANGAL 0811 cruise conducted in 2011) and during two previous campaigns, the French Seamount 1 in 1987 and the German Victor Hensen in 1997). Twenty-five species were found, including 12 that are new to science, while five species remain in open nomenclature. Three new cheilostome genera (Breoganipora, Galiciapora and Placidoporella) are described. A lectotype is designated for Setosella vulnerata (Busk), and Palmicellaria tenuis Calvet is transferred to the genus Porella [as Porella tenuis (Calvet) n. comb.]. Additionally, our study shows that 48–60% of the bryozoan species are endemic to Galicia Bank. The degree of endemism of the Cheilostomata is thus the highest among all orders present on this seamount.
Additional information for Leptoglossus impictus (Stål 1859) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Anisoscelini) from Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: DIEZ FERNANDO , ESPINDOLA MILTON RUIZ , CORNELIS MARCELA , COSCARÓN MARÍA DEL CARMEN
Published: January 2016

The Patagonian subregion belongs to the Andean region, and is comprised of two provinces: Central Patagonia and Subandean Patagonia. It extends from central Mendoza, widening through Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz, to northern Tierra del Fuego, and reaches Chile (Morrone 2006). The knowledge of terrestrial Heteroptera in this region is poor and is limited to a few contributions (e.g. Berg 1979, Breddin 1898, Pennington 1920, Faúndez & Carvajal 2011, Faundez 2015).
The first micropterous species of the southern European genus Kakothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: MARULLO RITA , RAVAZZI GIORGIO
Published: January 2016

The European genus Kakothrips Williams includes seven species (ThripsWiki 2015) that are known to be flower-living mainly on Fabaceae plants. The genus is recorded across Europe from Morocco to England, and eastwards to Syria and Iran (zur Strassen 2003). Only K. pisivorus (Westwood) is known from northern Europe, and this is the senior synonym of the type species K. robustus (Uzel) (Collins 2010). Closely related to Frankliniella, the species share with the members of that genus the character states of ctenidia present on tergite VIII anterolateral to the spiracles, and a complete row of setae on both longitudinal veins of the fore wing. Also, the pronotal anteromarginal and anteroangular setae are half as long as the posteroangular setae. The character states of the genus Kakothrips include: ocellar setae pair III arising between posterior ocelli; fore tarsus with an apical tooth, laterally; pronotal posterior margin without a pair of small setae between the major posteromarginal setae. In some of the species the males bear a pair of stout tubercles laterally on tergite VIII, and sternites III–VI or III–VII of males have a transverse pore plate. All the described species are known only from macropterae, and they are similar to each other in structure. A few distinguishing characters include colour of body, fore wings and antennal segments; the shape, length and position of the fore tarsal tooth; size of body, antennal segments, and major setae; and in males, shape of sternal pore plates, and length of setae on tergite IX.
Ibonikawhite, new replacement name for Whitea Descamps, 1977 (Orthoptera: Thericleidae), not Whitea Hutton, 1904 (Coleoptera: Pselaphinae), and standardised English names for the included species
Authors: STALS RIAAN , ARMSTRONG ADRIAN J.
Published: January 2016

Marius Descamps (1977) established the genus Whitea for four new species of forbhoppers (Orthoptera: Thericleidae) from the present-day Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. The type species (by original designation) is W. fissicauda Descamps, 1977. Descamps’s genus name is, however, preoccupied by Whitea Hutton, 1904, the name of a monotypic shortwing mould beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from New Zealand. Whitea Hutton is itself a replacement name and was involved in another nomenclatural muddle, resolved by Brown (1964). The type species of the pselaphine genus (by monotypy) is Euplectus laevifrons Broun, 1893: 1425.
Cephalocteinae Mulsant et Rey, 1866 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), a subfamily of Cydnidae new for the Italian fauna: first record of Cephalocteus scarabaeoides (Fabricius, 1807) from Sardinia
Authors: FANCELLO LUCA , CILLO DAVIDE , BAZZATO ERIKA
Published: January 2016

Cephalocteus scarabaeoides is recorded from the south-western coast of Sardinia, in sandy habitat (marine dunes near the beach), for the first time. The species and the subfamily are new for the Italian fauna.
Erythrodiplax leticia: Description of the female and updated geographic distribution (Odonata: Libellulidae)
Authors: NOBRE CARLOS EDUARDO BESERRA
Published: January 2016

The female of Erythrodiplax leticia Machado is described and illustrated. The geographic distribution of the species is updated, and notes on its natural history are provided.
Intraspecific variation of the octotaxic system in Protoribates paracapucinus (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae), with systematic and taxonomic considerations
Authors: WEIGMANN GERD , ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: January 2016

The octotaxic system of notogaster in poronotic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) usually is represented by two types, either porose areas or saccules. These dermal gland structures are observed as constant for each species (except sexual dimorphism; see below), therefore their type often is used as key character, and in consequence of this, it is used in taxonomy and systematics as diagnostic character for different taxa levels from species to family (Subías 2004, online version 2015; Weigmann 2006; Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009; Bayartogtokh 2010). However, there are exceptions: for Drymobates silvicola Grandjean, 1930 (Drymobatidae) and Galumna (Atypicogalumna) corpuzrarosae Ermilov, Sandmann, Klarner, Widyastuti & Scheu, 2015 (Galumnidae), a composite octotaxic system is known, including side by side porose areas and saccules in every specimen (Grandjean 1930; Ermilov et al. 2015). Behan-Pelletier (2015) reports several cases of sexual dimorphism of the octotaxic system in Poronota, all with different appearance of porose areas. But for the licneremaeoid Glanderemaeus hammerae Balogh & Csiszár, 1963 (whose familial placement is unclear) a unique sexual dimorphism in octotaxic system is described—males with saccules, females with porose areas (see also Norton et al. 1997).
First record of the Indo-Pacific areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: ROTHMAN SHEVY B.S. , STERN NIR , GOREN MENACHEM
Published: January 2016

The number of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is steadily increasing and it seems that the pace has been accelerating since the turn of the century (Galil et al. 2014). In 2015 alone five additional fish species have been reported, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Golani et al. 2015); Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823) (Fricke et al. 2015); Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) (Stern et al. 2015); Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Capapé et al. 2015); and Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus (Rüppell, 1830) (Rothman & Goren 2015). Among the ca. 100 alien fish species reported from the Mediterranean to date (Galil & Goren 2014), five Indo-Pacific species belong to the genus Epinephelus Bloch, 1793: Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775), Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1804) Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 (Golani et al. 2013a) and Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Golani et al. 2015). Additional alien Epinephelus species reported from the Mediterranean are excluded for various reasons (Golani et al. 2013b). Here we report the finding of a sixth Indo-Pacific species of this genus along the Mediterranean coast of Israel.
A new record of Holarctic genus Odontothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from India with a new species
Authors: TYAGI KAOMUD , KUMAR VIKAS
Published: January 2016

The Holarctic genus Odontothrips of Megalurothrips genus-group was established by Amyot & Serville in 1843 with type species Thrips phaleratus Haliday (Mound & Palmer 1981, Mirab-balou & Chen 2011). This genus is known by 32 species from the Palearctic and Nearctic regions (ThripsWiki 2015), and these species are flower-living and mainly associated with flowers of family Fabaceae (Xie et al. 2010). The pest status of Odontothrips species is uncertain, but some species are reported to cause superficial damage to the flowers on which they feed. O. confusus Priesner is reported as a pest on lucerne in France and Czech Republic (Pitkin 1972), and also on legumes in Romania (Pustai et al. 2015). O. loti (Haliday) is reported as a major pest on Alfalfa in north China, where it feeds on tender leaves and causes leaf curling, whitening and withering (Kou et al. 2011).
East or west: to which subspecies does the type specimen of the Galah, Eolophus roseicapilla (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Cacatuidae), belong?
Authors: SCHODDE RICHARD , BLACK ANDREW B. , FORNASIERO F. JEAN
Published: January 2016

The Galah (Eolophus roseicapilla) is a pink-and-grey cockatoo, widespread in and endemic to Australia, and now familiar as a cage bird world-wide. It has three currently recognised subspecies: roseicapilla Vieillot, 1817 in the Australian west, kuhli Mathews, 1912 in the far north, and albiceps Schodde, 1989 in the east (Schodde 1997; Higgins 1999; Dickinson & Remsen 2013; del Hoyo & Collar 2014; Engelhard et al. 2015). The northern subspecies, kuhli, is not involved in the issue of type identity of roseicapilla, and so is not considered further here. First to distinguish east and west subspecies was G.M. Mathews (1912). Without explanation then or later, Mathews arbitrarily applied the senior specific name, Cacatua roseicapilla Vieillot, 1817 and its two objective synonyms based on the same type—eos Kuhl, 1820 and rosea Vieillot, 1822—to the eastern subspecies, and introduced the new name assimilis for the then supposedly undescribed western form. Mathews’ lead was followed unquestioningly until the late 1980s when Schodde (1989) and Rowley (1990: 3) concluded that the type of Vieillot’s roseicapilla was of the western subspecies, collected by the Baudin expedition in the region of Shark Bay on the mid-western Australian coast. Rowley (l.c.), but not Schodde (l.c.) contrary to Rowley’s reference, went further to claim that it had been taken by François Péron in 1803, presumably on the brief return visit of Baudin in Le Géographe to Shark Bay en route to France. This left the eastern subspecies un-named, which Schodde (l.c.) accordingly described as albiceps.
An annotated catalogue of the Iranian Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Hormiinae and Rhysipolinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: GADALLAH NEVEEN S. , GHAHARI HASSAN , ACHTERBERG KEES VAN
Published: January 2016

The Iranian species diversity of five braconid subfamilies, Euphorinae (54 species in 16 genera and 8 tribes), Gnamptodontinae (4 species in 1 genus and 1 tribe), Helconinae (9 species in 5 genera and 2 tribes), Hormiinae (8 species in 4 genera and 2 tribe) and Rhysipolinae (3 species in 2 genera) are summarized in this catalogue. A faunistic list is given comprising both local and global distribution of each species under study as well as host records. In the present study ten new records are added to the Iranian fauna: Centistes (Ancylocentrus) ater (Nees), Centistes cuspidatus (Haliday), Meteorus affinis (Wesmael), Meteorus rufus (DeGeer), Microctonus brevicollis (Haliday), Microctonus falciger Ruthe, Peristenus nitidus (Curtis) (Euphorinae), Aspicolpus carinator (Nees), Diospilus capito (Nees) and Diospilus productus Marshall (Helconinae s.l.). Euphorus pseudomitis Hedwig, 1957 is transferred to the subfamily Hormiinae and Hormisca pseudomitis (Hedwig, 1957) is a new combination.
Identification and reassessment of the specific status of some tropical freshwater midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) using DNA barcode data
Authors: PRAMUAL PAIROT , SIMWISAT KUSUMART , MARTIN JON
Published: January 2016

Chironomidae are a highly diverse group of insects. Members of this family are often included in programs monitoring the health of freshwater ecosystems. However, a difficulty in morphological identification, particularly of larval stages is the major obstacle to this application. In this study, we tested the efficiency of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences as the DNA barcoding region for species identification of Chironomidae in Thailand. The results revealed 14 species with a high success rate (>90%) for the correct species identification, which suggests the potential usefulness of the technique. However, some morphological species possess high (>3%) intraspecific genetic divergence that suggests these species could be species complexes and need further morphological or cytological examination. Sequence-based species delimitation analyses indicated that most specimens identified as Chironomus kiiensis, Tokunaga 1936, in Japan are conspecific with C. striatipennis, Kieffer 1912, although a small number form a separate cluster. A review of the descriptions of Kiefferulus tainanus (Kieffer 1912) and its junior synonym, K. biroi (Kieffer 1918), following our results, suggests that this synonymy is probably not correct and that K. tainanus occurs in Japan, China and Singapore, while K. biroi occurs in India and Thailand. Our results therefore revealed the usefulness of DNA barcoding for correct species identification of Chironomidae, particularly the immature stages. In addition, DNA barcodes could also uncover hidden diversity that can guide further taxonomic study, and offer a more efficient way to identify species than morphological analysis where large numbers of specimens are involved, provided the identifications of DNA barcodes in the databases are correct. Our studies indicate that this is not the case, and we identify cases of misidentifications for C. flaviplumus, Tokunaga 1940 and K. tainanus.
Comparison of Direct Covariance Flux Measurements from an Offshore Tower and a Buoy
Authors: Flügge Martin , Paskyabi Mostafa Bakhoday , Reuder Joachim , Edson James B. , Plueddemann Albert J.
Published: January 2016

Direct covariance flux (DCF) measurements taken from floating platforms are contaminated by wave-induced platform motions that need to be removed before computation of the turbulent fluxes. Several correction algorithms have been developed and successfully applied in earlier studies from research vessels and, most recently, by the use of moored buoys. The validation of those correction algorithms has so far been limited to short-duration comparisons against other floating platforms. Although these comparisons show in general a good agreement, there is still a lack of a rigorous validation of the method, required to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the existing motion-correction algorithms. This paper attempts to provide such a validation by a comparison of flux estimates from two DCF systems, one mounted on a moored buoy and one on the Air–Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory, Massachusetts. The ASIT was specifically designed to minimize flow distortion over a wide range of wind directions from the open ocean for flux measurements. The flow measurements from the buoy system are corrected for wave-induced platform motions before computation of the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes. Flux estimates and cospectra of the corrected buoy data are found to be in very good agreement with those obtained from the ASIT. The comparison is also used to optimize the filter constants used in the motion-correction algorithm. The quantitative agreement between the buoy data and the ASIT demonstrates that the DCF method is applicable for turbulence measurements from small moving platforms, such as buoys.
Tortoiseshell or Polymer? Spectroscopic Analysis to Redefine a Purported Tortoiseshell Box with Gold Decorations as a Plastic Box with Brass
Authors: Pereira António , Caldeira Ana Teresa , Maduro Belmira , Vandenabeele Peter , Candeias António
Published: January 2016

The study and preservation of museum collections requires complete knowledge and understanding of constituent materials that can be natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic polymers. In former times, objects were incorporated in museum collections and classified solely by their appearance. New studies, prompted by severe degradation processes or conservation-restoration actions, help shed light on the materiality of objects that can contradict the original information or assumptions. The selected case study presented here is of a box dating from the beginning of the 20th century that belongs to the Portuguese National Ancient Art Museum. Museum curators classified it as a tortoiseshell box decorated with gold applications solely on the basis of visual inspection and the information provided by the donor. This box has visible signs of degradation with white veils, initially assumed to be the result of biological degradation of a proteinaceous matrix. This paper presents the methodological rationale behind this study and proposes a totally non-invasive methodology for the identification of polymeric materials in museum artifacts. The analysis of surface leachates using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) complemented by in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) allowed for full characterization of the object s substratum. The NMR technique unequivocally identified a great number of additives and ATR FT-IR provided information about the polymer structure and while also confirming the presence of additives. The pressure applied during ATR FT-IR spectroscopy did not cause any physical change in the structure of the material at the level of the surface (e.g., color, texture, brightness, etc.). In this study, variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM-EDS) was also used to obtain the elemental composition of the metallic decorations. Additionally, microbiologic and enzymatic assays were performed in order to identify the possible biofilm composition and understand the role of microorganisms in the biodeterioration process. Using these methodologies, the box was correctly identified as being made of cellulose acetate plastic with brass decorations and the white film was identified as being composed mainly of polymer exudates, namely sulphonamides and triphenyl phosphate.
Analytical Capability of Defocused µ-SORS in the Chemical Interrogation of Thin Turbid Painted Layers
Authors: Conti Claudia , Realini Marco , Botteon Alessandra , Colombo Chiara , Noll Sarah , Elliott Stephen R. , Matousek Pavel
Published: January 2016

A recently developed micrometer-scale spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (μ-SORS) method provides a new analytical capability for investigating non-destructively the chemical composition of sub-surface, micrometer-scale thickness, diffusely scattering layers at depths beyond the reach of conventional confocal Raman microscopy. Here, we demonstrate experimentally, for the first time, the capability of μ-SORS to determine whether two detected chemical components originate from two separate layers or whether the two components are mixed together in a single layer. Such information is important in a number of areas, including conservation of cultural heritage objects, and is not available, for highly turbid media, from conventional Raman microscopy, where axial (confocal) scanning is not possible due to an inability to facilitate direct imaging within the highly scattering sample. This application constitutes an additional capability for μ-SORS in addition to its basic capacity to determine the overall chemical make-up of layers in a turbid system.
Exploring a Hidden Painting Below the Surface of René Magritte’s Le Portrait
Authors: Van der Snickt Geert , Martins Ana , Delaney John , Janssens Koen , Zeibel Jason , Duffy Michael , McGlinchey Chris , Van Driel Birgit , Dik Joris
Published: January 2016

Two state-of-the-art methods for non-invasive visualization of subsurface (or overpainted) pictorial layers present in painted works of art are employed to study Le portrait, painted by Belgian artist René Magritte in 1935. X-ray radiography, a commonly used method for the nondestructive inspection of paintings, had revealed the presence of an underlying figurative composition, part of an earlier Magritte painting entitled La pose enchantée (1927) which originally depicted two full length nude female figures with exaggerated facial features. On the one hand, macroscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis (MA-XRF), a method capable of providing information on the distribution of the key chemical elements present in many artists’ pigments, was employed. The ability of the X-rays to penetrate the upper layer of paint enabled the imaging of the facial features of the female figure and provided information on Magritte’s palette for both surface and hidden composition. On the other hand, visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopies in transmission mode were also used, especially in the area of the table cloth in order to look through the upper representation and reveal the pictorial layer(s) below. MA-XRF provided elemental information on the pigment distributions in both the final painting and the prior whereas the transmission mode provided information related to preparatory sketches as well as revealing differences between the paints used in both compositions. These results illustrate very well the manner in which the two imaging methods complement each other, both in the sense of providing different types of information on the nature and presence of paint components/pigments and in the sense of being optimally suited to easily penetrate through different types of overpaint.
Survey Satisficing Inflates Reliability and Validity Measures
Authors: Hamby Tyler , Taylor Wyn
Published: January 2016

This study examined the predictors and psychometric outcomes of survey satisficing, wherein respondents provide quick, “good enough” answers (satisficing) rather than carefully considered answers (optimizing). We administered surveys to university students and respondents—half of whom held college degrees—from a for-pay survey website, and we used an experimental method to randomly assign the participants to survey formats, which presumably differed in task difficulty. Based on satisficing theory, we predicted that ability, motivation, and task difficulty would predict satisficing behavior and that satisficing would artificially inflate internal consistency reliability and both convergent and discriminant validity correlations. Indeed, results indicated effects for task difficulty and motivation in predicting survey satisficing, and satisficing in the first part of the study was associated with improved internal consistency reliability and convergent validity but also worse discriminant validity in the second part of the study. Implications for research designs and improvements are discussed.
Motivational Affordance and Risk-Taking Across Decision Domains
Authors: Zou Xi , Scholer Abigail A.
Published: January 2016

We propose a motivational affordance account to explain both stability and variability in risk-taking propensity in major decision domains. We draw on regulatory focus theory to differentiate two types of motivation (prevention, promotion) that play a key role in predicting risk-taking. Study 1 demonstrated that prevention motivation is negatively associated with risk-taking across six key decision domains, including health/safety, ethics, recreation, gambling, investment, and social. In contrast, promotion motivation is positively associated with risk-taking in the social and investment domains. Study 2 replicated the same pattern and provided direct evidence that promotion motivation is a strong predictor of risk-taking only in domains where there is true potential for gains. Study 3 manipulated promotion (vs. prevention) motivation experimentally to demonstrate that motivational affordance is a critical mechanism for understanding risk-taking behaviors.
Contestation about Collaboration: Discursive Boundary Work among Professions
Authors: Bucher Silke V. , Chreim Samia , Langley Ann , Reay Trish
Published: January 2016

We examine how professions responded to a potential change in jurisdictional boundaries by analyzing the written submissions of five professional associations in reaction to a government proposal to strengthen interprofessional collaboration, relating these responses to the professions’ field positions. We identify four foci for framing used by the professions to discursively develop their boundary claims: (1) framing the issue of interprofessional collaboration (issue framing), (2) framing of justifications for favored solutions (justifying), (3) framing the profession’s own identity (self-casting), and (4) framing other professions’ identities (altercasting). We find that professions employed these foci differently depending on two dimensions of their field positions – status and centrality. Our study contributes to the literature by identifying distinctive ways through which the foci for framing may be mobilized in situations of boundary contestation, and by theorizing how field position in terms of status and centrality influences actors’ framing strategies.
A survey of views and practice patterns of dialysis medical directors toward end-of-life decision making for patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Fung Enrica , Slesnick Nate , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Schiller Brigitte
Published: January 2016

Background:

Patients with end-stage renal disease report infrequent end-of-life discussions, and nephrology trainees report feeling unprepared for end-of-life decision making, but the views of dialysis medical directors have not been studied.

Aim:

Our objective is to understand dialysis medical directors’ views and practice patterns on end-of-life decision making for patients with ESRD.

Design:

We administered questionnaires to dialysis medical directors during medical director meetings of three different dialysis organizations in 2013. Survey questions corresponded to recommendations from the Renal Physicians Association clinical practice guidelines on initiation and withdrawal of dialysis.

Setting/participants:

There were 121 medical director respondents from 28 states.

Results:

The majority of respondents felt “very prepared” (66%) or “somewhat prepared” (29%) to participate in end-of-life decisions and most (80%) endorsed a model of shared decision making. If asked to do so, 70% of the respondents provided prognostic information “often” or “nearly always.” For patients with a poor prognosis, 36% of respondents would offer a time-limited trial of dialysis “often” or “nearly always”, while 56% of respondents would suggest withdrawal from dialysis “often” or “nearly always” for those with a poor prognosis currently receiving dialysis therapy. Patient resistance and fear of taking away hope were the most commonly cited barriers to end-of-life discussions.

Conclusion:

Views and reported practice patterns of medical directors are consistent with clinical practice guidelines for end-of-life decision making for patients with end-stage renal disease but inconsistent with patient perceptions.
Criminal Narrative Experience: Relating Emotions to Offence Narrative Roles During Crime Commission
Authors: Ioannou Maria , Canter David , Youngs Donna
Published: January 2016

A neglected area of research within criminality has been that of the experience of the offence for the offender. The present study investigates the emotions and narrative roles that are experienced by an offender while committing a broad range of crimes and proposes a model of criminal narrative experience (CNE). Hypotheses were derived from the circumplex of emotions, Frye, narrative theory, and its link with investigative psychology. The analysis was based on 120 cases. Convicted for a variety of crimes, incarcerated criminals were interviewed and the data were subjected to smallest space analysis (SSA). Four themes of CNE were identified: Elated Hero, Calm Professional, Distressed Revenger, and Depressed Victim in line with the recent theoretical framework posited for narrative offence roles. The theoretical implications for understanding crime on the basis of the CNE as well as practical implications are discussed.
Anti-laminin-1 antibodies in serum and follicular fluid of women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Caccavo Domenico , Pellegrino Nelly M , Nardelli Claudia , Vergine Silvia , Leone Luca , Marolla Alessandra , Vacca Margherita P , Depalo Raffaella
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of anti-laminin-1 antibodies (aLN-1) in sera and follicular fluid (FF) of infertile women affected by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and its impact on oocyte maturation and IVF outcome. aLN-1 were measured by a home-made enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in: (1) sera and FF from 44 infertile women affected by HT (HTIW) with tubal factor or male factor as primary cause of infertility; (2) in sera and FF from 28 infertile women without HT, with tubal factor or male factor as cause of infertility (infertile controls-ICTR); and (3) in sera from 50 fertile women (FW). aLN-1 serum levels were significantly higher in HTIW when compared with both fertile women and ICTR ( P <0.001and P <0.01, respectively). Assuming as cutoff the 99th percentile of values obtained in sera of FW, 43.2% of HTIW and 3.6% of ICTR were aLN-1 positive ( P = 0.0001). Also aLN-1 detected in FF from HTIW were significantly higher in comparison with those found in FF of ICTR ( P = 0.006). In HTIW, metaphase II oocyte count showed inverse correlation with both serum and FF aLN-1 levels (r = 0.34, P = 0.02 and r = 0.33, P = 0.03, respectively). Implantation and pregnancy rates were significantly lower in HTIW (7.9% and 9.1%, respectively) when compared with ICTR (23% and 31.1%, respectively) ( P = 0.015 and P = 0.03, respectively). Our results demonstrated for the first time the presence of aLN-1 in a relevant percentage of HTIW and suggest that these auto-antibodies may impair IVF outcome.
Early Weightbearing After Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures
Authors: Tan Eric W. , Sirisreetreerux Norachart , Paez Adrian G. , Parks Brent G. , Schon Lew C. , Hasenboehler Erik A.
Published: January 2016

Background:

No consensus exists regarding the timing of weightbearing after surgical fixation of unstable traumatic ankle fractures. We evaluated fracture displacement and timing of displacement with simulated early weightbearing in a cadaveric model.

Methods:

Twenty-four fresh-frozen lower extremities were assigned to Group 1, bimalleolar ankle fracture (n=6); Group 2, trimalleolar ankle fracture with unfixed small posterior malleolar fracture (n=9); or Group 3, trimalleolar ankle fracture with fixed large posterior malleolar fracture (n=9) and tested with axial compressive load at 3 Hz from 0 to 1000 N for 250 000 cycles to simulate 5 weeks of full weightbearing. Displacement was measured by differential variable reluctance transducer.

Results:

The average motion at all fracture sites in all groups was significantly less than 1 mm ( P < .05). Group 1 displacement of the lateral and medial malleolus fracture was 0.1±0.1 mm and 0.4±0.4 mm, respectively. Group 2 displacement of the lateral, medial, and posterior malleolar fracture was 0.6±0.4 mm, 0.5±0.4 mm, and 0.5±0.6 mm, respectively. Group 3 displacement of the lateral, medial, and posterior malleolar fracture was 0.1±0.1 mm, 0.5±0.7 mm, and 0.5±0.4 mm, respectively. The majority of displacement (64.0% to 92.3%) occurred in the first 50 000 cycles. There was no correlation between fracture displacement and bone mineral density.

Conclusion:

No significant fracture displacement, no hardware failure, and no new fractures occurred in a cadaveric model of early weightbearing in unstable ankle fracture after open reduction and internal fixation.

Clinical Relevance:

This study supports further investigation of early weightbearing postoperative protocols after fixation of unstable ankle fractures.
Conducted noise and transient voltage in a subsea cable
Authors: Ryu Seung J , Kim Gyoung E , Kim Byeong W
Published: January 2016

This article examines the characteristics of transient voltage in long-distance cables in the subsea environment. The effects of changes in temperature and pressure (caused by changes in the ocean depth) on the transient voltage in cables were quantitatively analyzed. To interpret the characteristics of transient voltage, the transmission line was equalized as a π-type circuit, and the effects of inductance, resistance, and capacitance (L, R, and C) according to the changes in temperature and pressure were mathematically modeled. Thus, we confirmed that the effect of temperature on transient voltage generated in cables is approximately 10-fold greater than the effect of pressure. Furthermore, using a fast Fourier transform analysis, we verified that the rate of change in the conducted noise caused by transient voltage generation is 0.001 dB/°C. Thus, through this study, we were able to quantitatively identify the effects of the subsea environment on conducted noise generation in cables.
Insulin resistance: The linchpin between prediabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Salazar Martin R , Carbajal Horacio A , Espeche Walter G , Aizpurúa Marcelo , Leiva Sisnieguez Carlos E , Leiva Sisnieguez Betty C , Stavile Rodolfo N , March Carlos E , Reaven Gerald M
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cardiovascular disease occurs to the greatest extent in persons with prediabetes mellitus who are also insulin resistant. In 2003, 664 non-diabetic women ( n = 457) and men ( n = 207), aged 52 ± 16 and 53 ± 15 years, were surveyed during a programme for cardiovascular disease prevention. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations defined participants as having normal fasting plasma glucose (fasting plasma glucose <5.6 mmol/L) or prediabetes mellitus (fasting plasma glucose ⩾5.6 and <7.0 mmol/L). The tertile of prediabetes mellitus subjects with the highest fasting plasma insulin concentration was classified as insulin resistant. Baseline cardiovascular disease risk factors were accentuated in prediabetes mellitus versus normal fasting glucose, particularly in prediabetes mellitus/insulin resistant. In 2012, 86% of the sample were surveyed again, and the crude incidence for cardiovascular disease was higher in subjects with prediabetes mellitus versus normal fasting glucose (13.7 vs 6.0/100 persons/10 years; age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio = 1.88, p = 0.052). In prediabetes mellitus, the crude incidences were 22.9 versus 9.6/100 persons/10 years in insulin resistant versus non-insulin resistant persons (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio = 2.36, p = 0.040). In conclusion, cardiovascular disease risk was accentuated in prediabetes mellitus/insulin resistant individuals, with a relative risk approximately twice as high compared to prediabetes mellitus/non-insulin resistant subjects.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and statin use among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Qualls Laura G , Hammill Bradley G , Maciejewski Matthew L , Curtis Lesley H , Jones W Schuyler
Published: January 2016

At the time of this study, guidelines recommended a primary goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 100 mg/dL for all patients, an optional goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol less than 70 mg/dL for patients with overt cardiovascular disease and statins for patients with diabetes and overt cardiovascular disease and patients 40 years and older with diabetes and at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study examined statin use and achievement of lipid goals among 111,730 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years and older in 2011. Three-quarters of patients met the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal of less than 100 mg/dL. Patients with cardiovascular disease were more likely to meet the goal than those without, not controlling for other differences. Patients on a statin were more likely to meet the goal. There is considerable opportunity for improvement in cholesterol management in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus.
Health Education Research and Practice Literature on Hispanic Health Issues
Authors: Price James H. , Khubchandani Jagdish
Published: January 2016

Hispanics constitute the largest racial/ethnic minority population in the United States and are the fastest growing segment of the population. Knowledge about health needs and practices, effective health promotion programs, and health policy making for Hispanics has the potential to improve population health outcomes for this group. Continued research and practice literature will aid in accomplishing these objectives. However, little is known about the extent of health education–related literature available on Hispanic health issues. In this review, we analyzed research and practice publications in all health education–related journals to assess the volume of articles published on Hispanic health issues. We found that the portion of journal articles devoted to Hispanic health issues varied widely among the journals and that there was a very limited emphasis on Hispanic health–related issues. Journal editors and editorial board members may need to be more proactive in soliciting manuscripts on Hispanic health, and our practitioners may have to improve their professional skills and cultural competence in order to work with Hispanic populations to produce research and practice literature that is of adequate quantity and quality to help improve Hispanics’ health.