bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally driven risk assessment for algal bloom occurrence in shallow lakes
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Mao Jingqiao , Cai Haibin , Huang Wenqin , Zhu Shijie , Hu Tengfei
Published: October 2022

An algal bloom is a complex hydro-biological phenomenon driven by multi-attribute environmental processes and thus is still difficult to predict. In this paper, a comprehensive modelling framework for forecasting algal bloom risks in shallow lakes is presented, which is based on long-term field observation and modelling of eutrophic shallow lakes. In the procedure, the major factors and their suitable ranges are investigated, and the individual influence of various driving factors is evaluated quantitatively, using an integrated approach of orthogonal design and regression analysis. By analysing the possible combined effects of the major driving factors and the relationship between algal bloom risk and major bloom-driving factors, a cost-effective environmentally driven risk assessment model is developed to forecast the likelihood of algal bloom occurrence, through a parameter optimization and prediction comparison routine. The risk model has been calibrated and validated against long-term field observations of algal blooms in Taihu Lake, with the prediction accuracy higher than 70%, which only requires readily available meteorological and water quality data. It is noted that for the closed shallow lake, the influence of hydrodynamics can be indirectly reflected by the variation of wind speed; and, total phosphorus, water temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and average wind speed could be used as major bloom-driving factors in Taihu Lake generally. This study provides a practical framework for the development of algal bloom early warning schemes for shallow lakes and helps to understand the combined function of complex bloom-driving factors.
Soil moisture-vegetation interaction from near-global in-situ soil moisture measurements
Authors: Li Shuping , Sawada Yohei
Published: October 2022

Although the interactions between soil moisture (SM) and vegetation dynamics have been extensively investigated, most of previous findings are derived from satellite-observed and/or model-simulated SM data, which inevitably include multiple sources of error. With the effort of many field workers and researchers in in-situ SM measurement and SM data integration, it is now possible to obtain the integrated in-situ SM dataset in the global range. Here we used the in-situ SM dataset of the International Soil Moisture Network to analyze the anomaly correlation between SM and leaf area index (LAI). We found that positive (negative) correlations exist between SM (LAI) and temporally lagged LAI (SM). The peak correlation and lagging time to reach it (often less than 3 months) depends on climate, land cover and rooting depths. The high SM-LAI anomaly correlation prevails in water-limited regions, e.g. dryland, where plant physiology has strong sensitivity to subsurface water stress. Dynamics of vegetation with deeper maximum rooting depths are not always correlated with SM in deeper soil layers, and vegetation dynamics with shallower maximum rooting depth may strongly correlate with SM in deeper soil layers. Overall, we highlight the potential of the global in-situ SM observation network to analyze the interactions between SM and vegetation dynamics.
Identification of Groundwater Potential Zone using Multi-Influence Factor Technique (Study Case: Brantas Groundwater Basin, East Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Masitoh Ferryati , Ar-Rouf Ferdian Budi , Rusydi Alfi Nur
Published: October 2022

Brantas Groundwater Basin is the biggest groundwater basin in East Java Province, Indonesia. It is covering 22 regencies/cities which have high water need. Mostly people water need is supplied from groundwater. Identification of Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) is required to ensure sustain groundwater supply for fulfilling that water need. One technique for that is Multi-Influence Factor (MIF). It considers influence factors of groundwater such as rainfall, geology, geomorphology, slope, lineament density, drainage density, soil texture, and land-use/landcover. Raster data obtained from Google Earth Engine (GEE), Aster DEM, and Geological Map of East Java were included as the research data. They had score and were estimated by using MIF technique. GEE and open-sourced GIS were used in computational raster data processing of MIF technique. Identification result of GWPZ showed that Brantas Groundwater Basin consist of zones which are very poor (2% area), poor (24% area), good (47% area), and very good (17% area). The result can assist hydrogeologist and local authorities to formulate further policy of GWPZ management.
The Effect of Land Use Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Malang City’s on 2016 - 2020
Authors: Azizah Vischawafiq , Deffinika Ifan , Arinta Dicky
Published: October 2022

The land use structure in Malang City has experienced the addition of built-up areas (conversion of built-up land) to areas that are not designated, either naturally or planned. The higher the number and density of the population in Malang, which is accompanied by the need for space for living and activities, is one of the causes of land conversion. buildings and asphalt in urban areas contribute greatly to high surface temperatures. This study aims to see changes in land use that occurred in Malang City in 2016-2020, as well as their effect on soil surface temperature. The data used in this study is Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Imagery (2016-2020) used to generate land cover, building density, vegetation density, and land surface temperature. This study uses land cover classification methods, Normalized Difference Built-Up/Barren Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The results show that the change in land use into built-up land is an increase in ground surface temperature, where in 2016 the minimum temperature was at 14.8°C to 20.2°C in 2020. Land Surface Temperature has a positive correlation with building density, and negative correlation with vegetation density.
Composing The Map of Ambon Island to Strengthen the History Student’s Spatial Thinking Skills
Authors: Suprapta B , Wijaya D N , Wahyudi D Y
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to guide how the history teacher facilitates his student to compose their map and develop their spatial thinking skill. This paper is divided into three sections of Hikayat Tanah Hitu, visualizing the narrative map of Ambon and teaching how to compose the historical map to strengthen student’s spatial thinking skills. The first deals with the historical context and the characteristics of Hikayat Tanah Hitu. Second, the researchers aim to narrate their experience to compose a digital map, by Geographical Information System (GIS), based on the narrative map of Hikayat Tanah Hitu (Hitu Chronicle). The last refers to the researchers’ suggestion for history teachers to teach their students. The researchers also suggest that the next researcher analyze all place names mentioned in Hikayat Tanah Hitu and visualize them into several digital maps.
Development of Android-Based Tourism Information System Prototype at Purwodadi Botanical Garden
Authors: Rizky Maulidatur R , Binti Muti’atul A , Tillah Mardha , Mayang W.K , Radite W.A , Wagistina Satti , Komang Astina I
Published: October 2022

Purwodadi Botanical Gardens is one of the dry lowland plant conservation. The number of tourist attractions and a large area of the botanical gardens raise two main problems among visitors regarding information about the Purwodadi Botanical Garden, especially the system information. This research and development aim to solve this Purwodadi Botanical Garden information system by making a tourism information system prototype that can be access by using the tourist gadget everywhere and anywhere. The system development contains information about the facilities map in Purwodadi Botanical Garden. There are two types of data used in this research development namely primary (the coordinates point of sites and facilities) and secondary data (about the site function). The primary data collect by using the application named GPS essential, and the secondary data obtained from related agencies named LIPI. Figma used for the prototype system development by the researcher. The next existing application prototype can be developed further by adding features and menus according to the needs and changes that occur every time. Researcher hopes that with the development of this prototype, the management can follow up in terms of developing a tourism information system at Purwodadi Botanical Gardens.
Eco-Anxiety and Environmental Concern as Predictors of Eco-Activism
Authors: Jain Nishtha , Jain Prashasti
Published: October 2022

The earth is under a great threat of destruction due to careless and exploitative anthropological actions. The current research explored the relationship between eco- anxiety (EAn), eco-activism (EAc) and environmental concern (EC) while determining the extent to which eco-activism gets determined by eco-anxiety and environmental concern. Three scales, namely, Hoggs Anxiety Scale, Pro Environmental Behaviour Scale and Taj Environmental Attitude scale were used. Pearsons correlation and regression were used for statistical analysis. A significant (0.01 level) mild positive correlation of 0.22 between eco-activism and eco-anxiety and of 0.33 between eco- activism and environmental concern was found. Regression analysis showed that eco- anxiety and environmental concern significantly predicted eco-activism. The relationship between the variables was further explained in the discussion section.
Clean drinking water solution for rural India: Portable sip-up
Authors: Ahmad Meraj , Sharma Arti , Mujtaba Quadri S. , Yadav Saurabh , Kulkarni Ritwik , Satankar Raj Kumar , Gupta Sandeep , Nighojkar Amrita K , Chhabra Meenu , Dixit Ambesh , Plappally Anand
Published: October 2022

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) have been used in India due to their low expense, ease of manufacture, and livelihood sustenance features. However, the use and throw character of such systems has not been achieved. The purpose of this study is to develop and investigate the portable CWF variant named Sip-up, which can be attached to any commercially available bottle-based containers. These are porous functional structures made of a distinct volume fraction combination of salty clay, sawdust, and marble powder wet mix, formed into cylindrical shapes and baked at 650°C. The influent and filtrate water samples were analyzed. After filtration, the pH, on average, significantly improves from 8.2 to 7.4. The TDS level, conductivity, and salt content have been reduced by 8.43%, 6.89%, and 5.83%, respectively, which conforms to the WHO limits. A 99% reduction of E. Coli bacteria through CWF was also observed. This portable water filter will be accessible to the people at the lowest economic pyramid.
Integrating Digital Mission and Sustainable Development Goal-9 for Building Technologies: A study of Navratna Companies of India
Authors: Mahajan N , Singh V , Kaur N , Gupta A
Published: October 2022

The study focuses on 10 Navratna companies based in India that come under the central public sector enterprises. The study focuses on the Digital Mission by the Government of India, its impact on the industries operating in India and how technologies have affected the overall productivity of Indian enterprise with their approach to achieve SDG-9. The study finds that the Navratna companies have been successfully working towards achieving the goals of SDG-9 for building resilient infrastructure, sustainable industrialisation and fostering innovation but still they need to use the technologies to their maximum potential in terms of improving their overall productivity and delivery. The data for the study has been collected through secondary resources like websites, annual reports, research materials and company websites. The implication of the study is that other companies operating in India and abroad can learn about implementing the sustainable development goal in their day-to-day practices to increase productivity and improve infrastructure, thereby fostering innovation and growth. This will help India reach its goal of becoming a major manufacturing hub and a digitally advanced nation.
Performance evaluation of the Absorbing Plate of a Hybrid Solar Dryer for Potato Drying
Authors: Behera Debashree Debadatta , Mohanty R.C. , Mohanty A.M. , Das Shiv Sankar , Nayak Bijaya Bijeta
Published: October 2022

The present study is to develop a long-term livelihood program for drying food products using solar technology and a hybrid type solar dryer. The present study is to analyze of absorbing plate of the dryer for getting maximum temperature by both experimental and simulation procedures. The dryer is made up of aluminium sheet and SS304 grade stainless steel perforated trays and has a capacity of 20 kg/day for drying potatoes. The main objective of this study is to simulate the steady-state thermal analysis using ANSYS software of the absorbing collector plate fabricated with corrugated Aluminium sheet. The maximum temperature, total heat flux, and directional heat flux are found as 88.311°C, 0.131333 W/mm2, and 0.0765 W/mm2 respectively. Experimentally highest temperature of the absorbing plate is reached as 89°C. Performance indicators such as drying efficiency, drying rate, coefficient of performance, and heat utilization factor are evaluated as 43%, 0.607 kg/hr, 0.22, and 0.7948.
Soil dissolved organic carbon leaching characteristics of the coastal saline seepweed wetlands in the Wuleidaowan national wetland
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Zhang Haotian , Zhang Yihang , Xiujun Tian
Published: October 2022

As the most active component of soil TOC (Total Organic Carbon), DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) is either adsorbed by the soil and used by plants or transported by soil water into the water column, where it participates in the broader carbon cycle. As a substantial "mobile carbon pool" in soils, its leaching process is an essential pathway for the loss of soil TOC. This paper analysed the investigated the leaching characteristics of soil DOC by simulating leaching in an indoor soil column based on the spatial distribution of soil TOC and DOC contents in order to reveal the leaching and migration characteristics of soil DOC at different depths and its main influencing factors. The DOC content of soil leachate varies somewhat under conditions such as PH and soil phosphorous content. However, the overall trend is that the DOC content of soil leachate generally increases with the depth of the soil layer. The DOC content in the soil leachate gradually decreased with increasing leaching time. In the absence of exogenous carbon recharge, the loss of TOC from the upper layers of the soil was significantly more remarkable due to the prolonged leaching. In addition, soil TOC loss declined after leaching and decreased significantly with increasing soil depth. Because the soil DOC is adsorbed and trapped in other layers during leaching, the DOC in the upper layer was always lost during the leaching test. The experiments used highly concentrated DOC solutions as drench solutions. According to the analysis of the intensity of the fluorescence centres of each soil layer in the three-dimensional fluorescence pattern of the drench solution of each soil layer, the ability of different soil layers to adsorb and retain organic matter of different fractions differs. In addition, the selected soil layers planted with Saline seepweed show a general decreasing trend in the ability to adsorb and retain organic matter as the depth increases.
The Uptake of Environmental Management System by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India
Authors: Sharma H P , Kumar K
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study to scrutinize the drivers that impact the acceptance and execution of EMP in SMEs companies in India. To identify the various enablers exploratory research method was used. A total of 356 senior executives were surveyed from 89 manufacturing organizations located in NCR, India. Based on factor analysis, four factors were identified responsible for the adoption of environmental management actions in Indian SMEs. These factors were the most important enablers for application of management systems in the organization. These finding will be useful for the practitioners, policymakers and academicians to work upon these enablers to promote application of management system for environment in the organization.
Sustainable Energy Efficient Green Campuses: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Pandya Chintan , Prajapati Saurabh , Gupta Rupam
Published: October 2022

A sustainable university campus uses energy that does not produce carbon dioxide, protects natural ecosystems, cuts down on the use of natural resources, and recycles or reuses waste in a useful way. The first steps toward a sustainable campus initiative are to use less energy from fossil fuels, use more energy sources that do not rely on carbon, use more energy-efficient technology, recycle waste, and add more greenery to the campus. The Higher Learning Institutes also have a social duty to help people understand the idea of sustainability better. This paper’s primary objective is to study the research and development trends in the realm of sustainable development objectives as they pertain to university campuses. The researchers have undertaken a comprehensive literature study and bibliometric analysis of the pertinent articles. Comprehensive use of the VOSviewer software to map current studies on sustainable energy-efficient green campuses. 707 scientific papers (published between 2012 and 2021) were obtained from SCOPUS for the bibliometric analysis for the influential authors, top-cited articles, and co-citation analysis, while 31 articles published in the United States and India were selected for the systematic literature review to assess the trends and future research directions on this subject. According to the findings, the most researched topics are carbon-neutral campuses, smart technology, food and waste management, transportation, and sustainable campuses, with future research focusing on less explored topics such as energy-efficient campus planning, green infrastructure, and landscape design, and photovoltaics. Since it identifies current research hotspots and new study routes, this paper will be a great resource for academics and practitioners interested in sustainable and energy-efficient green campuses.
Low frequency Vibration Energy Harvester using Compliant Mechanism driven Rosen-type Piezoelectric Transformer
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sanniva , Kanu Aryan , Chowdhury Arnab Roy , Mondal Soumyadeep , Chattaraj Nilanjan , Hui Nirmal Baran
Published: October 2022

This paper represents an energy harvesting technique using a compliant mechanism driven Rosen type piezoelectric transformer from low frequency (3-10 Hz) reciprocal gripping motion. The finite element model of the compliant structure is synthesized using topology optimization implementing the density model and is coupled with a piezoceramic transformer to operate it by human hands. The mechanism can also be operated with the help of external mechanisms. As a case study, the proposed compliant mechanism is modelled considering acrylic plastic material. The mechanism can produce a maximum power of 62.7 μW for a 10 Hz gripping frequency while operating at its optimal conditions. The paper also discusses the resonance condition of the structure to check its marginal state. The harvested energy can be extracted across a load resistances attached at both primary and secondary side of the piezoelectric transformer.
Strength and durability of concrete by partial replacement of sand by Copper Slag and cement by Egg Shell Powder: A Review
Authors: Naxine Dhiraj , Nag Anita
Published: October 2022

From some decades the production and use of concrete has been increased. The manufacturing process of concrete as well as the three main ingredients emits lots of harmful gas like CO2 which directly harm the environment. In this study, relevant study done on the fine aggregate and cement replacement with egg shell powder & copper slag were discussed. Also effect of cement and fine aggregate replacement on compressive strength and durability of concrete had been discussed. From study it has been observed that the egg shell powder and the copper slag can’t affect much the durability and strength parameters up to 6% and 40% replacement of cement and fine aggregate. Also observed that copper slag and egg shell powder reduced impact of concrete on environment but still need to improve the manufacturing process of copper slag.
Life Cycle Costing Methodology for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Sadliwala Mustafa S , Gogate Nivedita G
Published: October 2022

There has been a pressing need to consider lifelong building costs and spread awareness about the life cycle cost of a building in the construction sector. Before 1970s, most of the clients’, contractors’ and developers’ decisions were solely based on the initial capital cost with no consideration of the entire life cycle cost of the building. If the cost of a building is estimated considering its entire life, approximately 70% portion is required for operational aspects. This approach of focusing only on the initial cost has failed to give the best value for money to the client in the long term. In this research, questionnaire-survey method is utilized to understand the awareness level and importance of different tangible and intangible costs of the construction over its useful life amongst the construction community. List of critical factors affecting life cycle cost of a building was extracted through an extensive literature survey. The questionnaire survey was prepared by incorporating the most significant parameters and circulated amongst the stakeholders consisting of respondents working at various hierarchical positions in the construction industry. The factors were ranked based on weightages obtained through Relative Importance Index (RII) methodology. The data analysis showed that the top 5 costs which should definitely be considered in life cycle costing are construction cost, Land Acquisition and associated cost, Design team fees and associated cost, Operation & Maintenance Cost and Taxes. Respondents also agreed that the life cycle costing methodology would provide a better and comprehensive estimate of the building cost as a whole and would be crucial in decision making. Incorporating life cycle costing in the design and planning phase would significantly help engineers as well as contractors to focus on the most important cost parameters. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that a lower emphasis is still given to cost factors related to environment. It needs to be emphasized that a comprehensive cost estimate for a project can only be obtained by incorporating sustainability aspects. Thus, a LCC framework considering all important cost parameters would further improve the process of selection of the most cost-effective alternative, as well as significantly increase sustainability in construction projects.
Urban Organic Waste as a Source of Bioenergy for Electricity Generation in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Nirjhar , Patel Jitendra , Gupta Nitesh , Vishwakarma Amit
Published: October 2022

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is essential as it impacts health, the environment, and aesthetic society if it is not managed correctly. Hence improving the quality and standard of living. There is an urgent requirement to neutralize the waste and the best possible solution for organic waste. It can be used to generate biofuels and utilized to generate electricity. The production of energy from waste depends on organic waste, so the energy potential of Bhopal city has been categorized into different sectors such as Urban Organic Solid Waste (UOSW), Pulp & Paper, Cattle, and Poultry, in which UOSW is 42% and, the Urban Organic Liquid Waste (UOLW) 25%, Cattle 23%, Poultry 2% and Pulp & Paper 8%. The UOSW has been analysed, and it has been categorized in Slaug (1%), Organic Solid waste (33%), Poultry (3%), and Cattle (63%), and the UOLW in Slaug (1%), UOLW (98.9%), and paper and pulp (0.10%). Total waste generated in Bhopal per day is 1123 TPD of which, 54.3% is organic waste that we can use to generate biofuel, i.e., 609 TPD, which can generate 165MW energy per day.
The Need for Legislation on Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in India
Authors: Bhargava A , Kochhar K
Published: October 2022

Energy is required for each and every activity since the beginning of this universe. With the advancement of human beings their activities have developed and have become more and more complex with time. As the world developed at a very high pace energy requirements also increased and this resulted in more utilization of conventional energy sources. Use of conventional energy sources (fossil fuels) has resulted in environmental degradation which has become a major problem worldwide.Development is indispensible but at the same time it should not be at the cost of environment so with this came up the concept of sustainable development. To achieve this we have to switch over to non conventional sources of energy. Considering the geographical conditions, India has huge potential regarding renewable energy. For systematic development of renewable energy sector we need a comprehensive legislation. If we look at international level there are many countries which have made separate and ancillary legislations regarding renewable energy and their growth is remarkable. Therefore, this study has focused to examine the need of separate renewable energy law for sustainable development.
Utilization of Silica Fume and Fly ash in Cement and Partial Substitution of Fine Aggregate Using Quarry Dust in Concrete
Authors: Kapgate Sudhir , Tomar Anjul
Published: October 2022

Thecemententerprisebetheessentialhotspotintendedfornaturalcontamination because it admissions a tremendous measure of energy during the creationas well as deliveries a ton of CO2which adds to an unnatural weather change. Reducethese impacts, concrete is to some degree subbed among the blend of Silica Fume (SF) and Fly Ash (FA) and sand by Quarry Dust (QD) with addition of steel fibre. This paper is centered on theconduct of substantial blend of M30 grade with particular of mechanical properties. Various mixes of rate substitutions of concrete by SF (5%) and FA (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) and quarry dust (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) with addition of steel fibre (1 %) were embraced for the making of mixed substantial blend. Test results indicated to facilitate the accumulation of silica fume and fly ash in cement and quarry dust in sand improved the compressive strengths of concrete.
Biofuel Production through Algae Route using Solar Assisted Carbon Capture Plant
Authors: Samartha M , Pippal R K S , Sethi V K
Published: October 2022

In present scenario when there is great hike in energy demand which results in increased prices of petroleum products and the big matter of concern is that the resources are diminishing so rapidly, these diminishing fuels should be replaced by biofuels. Other sources of biofuels are limited and difficult to cultivate therefore microalgae has comes out as an important source of renewable biofuel. Microalgae grow in the presence of sunlight and CO2, and those rich in lipids are excellent source of biofuels (biodiesel) after processing. The present study was aimed at production of biofuel through microalgae route using carbon capture pilot plant and exploring feasibility of scaling-up of bio-fuel production on a mega scale coal fired thermal power plant through analysis and selection of species that can grow in ash-pond area on mass scale.
Assessment of Fixed Rack and 1–Axis Tracking Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Array on Their Ideal Energy Performance
Authors: Duggal Prakhar , Tomar Ravinder Kumar , Vigneshwaran S , Varma Vegesna Rohith , Puro Vekhohu
Published: October 2022

An energy assessment is examined in ten different cities spread across India on a 50 kWp crystalline silicon photovoltaic system comparing the performance of Fixed Rack and 1–Axis Tracking Array. Simulation is done on the photovoltaic systems. The varying methods of installation used for this study are fixed positioning and sun tracking. The software used for simulating the radiation condition is NREL PV Watts. The data is gathered from available data using appropriate conditions for all the considered cities in this paper. The output results show the study of comparison between Fixed rack and 1–Axis Tracking array based on the monthly data and yearly data. The overall potential ability of simulated PV devices for every place taken in the study with unique configuration strategies is also compared and evaluated.
Framework for freight movement in Bangalore city, India
Authors: Srikanth Seelam , Ballari Syed Omar , Eswar Sala
Published: October 2022

The movement of goods throughout the country ensures need and availability across the countries. The process and methodology of movement of goods are termed Freight. From the process of identification of the source, production, storage, and delivery of goods to respective customers there are logistics involved in the process, known as freight logistics. The market size of the logistics sector in India is estimated to be between USD 90-125 billion. Freight is also the major user of roads, rails, and other modes of transport. Despite holding promise the logistics sector in India remains mired in several complexities which have the potential of holding it back. As a solution to this Freight Logistics needs a framework and Directive policies, in this regard this documentation was carried out with the help of the Directorate of Urban Land Transport to review various Directive policies of freight around the world. The present study will map the types of goods, different stakeholders participating in freight, Infrastructures involved in freight, Logistics or Supply Chain processes, different types of Logistic Service Providers, etc. Finally in this paper, the draft framework for Freight Logistics Policies is worked out under mainly three sub-headings Institutional Landscape, Infrastructure, and Logistics or Supply Chain Process.
Energy, geopolitics and the dying arctic ice fields: an enviro-political perspective
Authors: Thangaraj A , Chowdhury A
Published: October 2022

In view of climate change’s effects across the world and the present global escalation of conflicts it is important to assess potential future conflict zones in order to pre-emptively place measures to avoid damage and loss of life. It is identified that Arctic can be a potential future conflict zone, given its geopolitical complexities and abundance of energy resources. One of the several precursors of conflict at present is the rapid militarization of the region. Recent geopolitical instability due to Russian invasion on Ukraine and resulting sanction on Russia can accelerate the energy extraction process at Arctic’s, if Russia wants to compensate its EU energy markets by connecting with hydrocarbon starved economies of East Asia. Arctic’s biodiversity and abiotic environment is deteriorating rapidly. The recommendations thus put forth advocate for stronger cooperation between Arctic states as well as pushing for the ratification of international law specific to the Arctic region.
Application of eco-friendly and smart materials in geotechnical engineering for subgrade stabilization: a review
Authors: Dhatrak A I , Kolhe P V
Published: October 2022

The performance of road pavement mainly depends upon the properties of subgrade soil. The failures occur in case of road pavement is due to poor strength characteristics and high volume change behaviour of subgrade soil. Thus, considering the performance criteria, subgrade soil needs to be treated so as to make it suitable for the construction of road pavement. It was observed that, soil stabilization using various admixtures is more effective and commonly used practice for enhancing the properties of subgrade soil. The previous research shows that subgrade soil stabilization can be achieved with the application of various environmental friendly (Bio – Enzymes) and smart materials (Agricultural and Industrial waste) in required quantity to enhance the physical, strength and volume change characteristics of natural soil. It was also observed that, the combined use of such materials makes the subgrade soil more suitable for the construction of road pavement. From the experimental investigations of various available research works on subgrade stabilization, it was observed that strength and volume change properties such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Swell Pressure of subgrade soil can be effectively changed with the help of use of such materials. It was also observed that use of conventional methods has negative impact on environment. Thus, subgrade can be stabilized with eco – friendly and cost effective materials to achieve both economic and serviceability criteria.
Delay models for Signalised Intersections with Vehicle Actuated Controlled system in Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Barhmaiah Borigarla , Chandrasekar A , Ramya Tanala , Moses Santhakumar S
Published: October 2022

Delay is a critical parameter used to assess the performance of signalised intersections. Non-deterministic arrival and departure rates of vehicles at intersectionseffect the determination of delay. Furthermore, driver behaviour, vehicle characteristics, and type of signal control system at intersectionwere also influencing parameters. Previous literature has offered analytical and empirical models to estimate the average delay using hourly traffic flow data and a fixed cycle time. In India, major signalised intersections on urban arterial roads are controlled with vehicle actuated controlled system. In the present study, Simpson’sone third rule was applied to estimate the overall delay by using arrival rate and departure rate of vehicles in everycycle. In addition, the current studydevelopedregression-based delay model and modified the Indo-HCM model by changing incremental delay term in themodels. Thisensuredaccurateestimation of the delays at signalised intersections in both the VAC and fixed signal control systems. The proposed modelswere statistically significant, with R2values of 0.89 and 0.51, respectively.
Trend Analysis and Forecasting of Long-Term Temperature Data to Anticipate Local Warming: A Case Study of Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Rohman Abdur , Wiyono Retno Utami Agung , Fitriani
Published: October 2022

Numerous studies have confirmed the significant rise in the mean land surface air temperature in recent decades at the global scale. However, studies on the land surface air temperature at local scales in Indonesia in recent decades are rare. Such studies are necessary to comprehend the imminence of the threat of climate change in regions with intensive agricultural industry, such as Jawa Timur, Indonesia. The first objective of this study is to analyse the trend of air temperature in six locations in Jawa Timur based on at least 30-year air temperature data retrieved from NOAA Global Summary of the Day data. After the significance or insignificance of the temperature trend is verified, the second objective is to compare the accuracies of two forecasting methods, namely Exponential Smoothing and ARIMA, on the long-term air temperature data in each location. The Mann-Kendall test along with sieve-bootstrapping is used in the air temperature trend analysis. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metric is used to measure the accuracy of the methods. The trend analysis shows that statistically significant monotonic rises in air temperature are found in four locations, namely Bawean, Kalianget Madura, Surabaya Perak, and Banyuwangi. It is also found that ARIMA (3,1,3) is able to forecast the temperature data for 2021 with MAE < 1.30 degrees Celsius and it outperforms the Exponential Smoothing method.
Emission performance assessment of in-use diesel-driven cars
Authors: Pandey Abhinav , Mishra Rajeev Kumar , Pandey Govind
Published: October 2022

The overall fleet of light-duty vehicles in most of the developing countries is characterized by various manufacturers of diesel-driven passenger cars. There is a need of a thorough assessment of the actual conformance levels of such cars towards in-use emission norms, particularly the diesel-driven ones, in consideration of their high proportion in the overall privately-owned passenger cars fleet. In this context, the study conducted on 400 number of light-duty diesel cars reported that the compliance levels for BS (Bharat Stage) III diesel cars are better than that for BS IV, although not varying significantly (90 % in case of former vs. 80 %). Based on the findings, there is a need to include vehicle-related parameters during emission certification, such as, age, mileage and maintenance records along with emission measurements while deciding upon phasing-out of vehicles rather only based upon age (10 years of allowable registration life for diesel cars in the state of Delhi). Based on the results, the inclusion of mass emission-based testing in the overall transport emission assessment and reduction policy of the developing countries is highly recommended.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Maize Production in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Bhardwaj Arvind , Singh Lakhwinder Pal , Singh Gurraj
Published: October 2022

Agricultural production has been recognized as a one of the major contributors to environmental degradation and a source of several forms of pollution that have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems, water supplies, soil quality, air quality, and human health. Maize cultivation has also placed a major environmental cost, particularly when considering resource utilization and the environmental impacts of fertilizer, insecticides, and electricity production. With the goal of measuring the impacts and identifying the major environment hotspot, a life cycle assessment was performed using the cradle-to-farm-gate approach to evaluate the environmental effects of maize cultivation. The environmental impact of the inputs and outputs studied by life cycle assessment was estimated using the Sima Pro version 9.0 and the CML 2 baseline 2000 technique. According to the findings, the fertilization phase had the most detrimental influence on the ecosystem, followed by the harvesting period. The current research makes a number of recommendations for agricultural practices to be used in conjunction with maize production, based on agri-environmental indicator scores and the correlations between them for eco-friendly maize production.
GIS Mapping for Distribution of Ground Water Quality in Udaipur
Authors: Choudhary Sangeeta , Jangeed Denis , Rankawat Prithvi Raj , Tank Sweety , Sen Nikhil
Published: October 2022

Ground water supplies drinking water and important component in many industrial processes and irrigation use. Groundwater resources have been exposed to excessive risk due to overexploitation and inadequate management, making groundwater quality assessment and suitability determination vitally important. The current study has been undertaken with an aim to analyse the ground water quality for drinking by utilizing GIS mapping and graphical presentation of various chemical constituents. Water sample values were taken from ‘Ground Water Year Book 2020-21’ of Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Jal Shakti. This study has been included 22 locations in Udaipur district with 8 water quality parameters which are Cl, SO4, NO3, Ca, Mg, F, TDS and Alkalinity. The GIS environment was used to create the Water Quality Indices maps. The findings suggest that the calcium, sulphate, and chloride hazards are not a problem. About 72.7% samples of calcium, 95.50% samples of sulphate and 86.40% samples of chlorine are within acceptable limit of BIS. In case of fluoride only 18.20% samples are within the permissible limit 1.0 – 1.5 mg/l, 68.20% are less than 1 mg/l and 13.6% are greater than 1.5 mg/l. In case of nitrate only 31.8% samples are within the permissible limit. The findings show that the ground water in the studied area requires special treatment before it can be used.
Psychological predictors of Sustainable Transportation Behaviour: Implications for Low Carbon Economy and Society
Authors: Arya B , Chaturvedi S
Published: October 2022

There’s been a consistent increase in carbon emissions globally in the recent decades, primarily because of a consistent increase in personal transportation needs. Thus sustainable transportation behaviour has become a pertinent variable for investigation. The current study thus aimed to study the impact of environmental consciousness, green identity, values (biospheric, altruistic, egoistic), and consideration of future consequences on sustainable transportation behaviour such as usage of public transport and carpooling. The study employed a quantitative survey design with 351 participants in total and (M=67% F=33%) who were daily commuters to offices or universities. Results indicated that environmental consciousness, green identity and consideration of future consequences to be positively correlated with sustainable transportation behaviour. Biospheric and altruistic values were also found to have a positive correlation with sustainable transportation behaviour while egoistic values had a negative correlation with sustainable transportation behaviour. These findings have implications for a low carbon economy and society since they highlight important psychological variables that can promote sustainable transportation behaviour at an individual level and reduce overall carbon emissions.
Assessment and Identification of drought prone zone in a Low Laying Area by AHP and MIF method: A GIS based study
Authors: Singh Nameirakpam Momo , Devi Thiyam Tamphasana
Published: October 2022

The study location, the Imphal West district of Manipur state, is known for its flood-prone character due to its low-lying topography in India’s north-eastern region. Unexpectedly, in the year 2019, a drought-like scenario with extremely limited available surface water arose, severely affecting agricultural activity in the region, which is primarily covered by agricultural land. Drought-prone zones for 2019 were discovered using GIS (Geographical Information System) tools and satellite data, employing both the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and MIF (Multi Influencing Factor) methods. Seven parameters (rainfall, temperature, slope, drainage density, soil, landuse/landcover, and groundwater yield) were taken as input parameters. Drought zones were simulated and classified as mild (22.82% according to AHP and 39.42% according to MIF), moderate (60.10% and 54.71%), severe (16.16% and 5.55%), and extreme (0.92% and 0.32%). Drought data (ground data) from the State Government Department (2019) shows that 43.71% of drought zones are mild, while 51.32% are moderate, indicating that the MIF approach can more accurately simulate the drought region than the AHP method.
Standard Operating Procedure for Assessment and Rating of National Highways based on Highway Efficiency
Authors: Singh Agrita , Sharma Sunil
Published: October 2022

The transportation network and ways in which it is maintained are critical to the development of a nation. National Highways (NHs) constitute only 2.3 per cent of total road network but carry 40 per cent of road traffic in India. National Highway authority of India (NHAI) and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) of India have framed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for assessment and rating of divided 4 to 6-lane NHs based on highway efficiency, highway safety, and user services for a total of 100 marks. The present study has assessed and rated a 4-lane NH based on highway efficiency carrying 45 marks. A manual survey along with videography was conducted on the Kalka-Shimla NH No. 5 to collect road features and traffic data. There are 15 parameters which will give the overall efficiency of the highway enabling one to assess where and how much each parameter is inefficient, dangerous, and deficient in certain functions. The highway got 35.92 marks out of 45 marks which is approximately 80% score indicating excellent performance of various parameters on the selected highway. The efficiency assessment of highways will not only help in prioritizing highways for maintenance and upgradation but also identify accurately the missing points.
Strength Behaviour of Expansive Subgrade Soil Stabilized with Coronus Material
Authors: Pisini Sateesh Kumar , Thammadi Swetha Priya Darshini
Published: October 2022

Expansive subgrade soil needs to be re-engineered to enhance the load-bearing capacity as it lacks the capacity to sustain traffic and pavement load. Although various chemical modification techniques have proven to be effective for stabilization, they are expensive and unsustainable. Coronus aggregate material is an uplifted coralline deposit abundantly available in the Pacific. The current study focuses on the strength behavior of fine-grained soil notably clayey soil when blended with coronus material as a potential alternative to the usual soil stabilization methods employed in the construction industry. To successfully stabilize the clayey soil sample with the coronus material, the particle size distribution, coefficient of uniformity, and curvature of the clayey soil sample and coronus material were determined. The results indicate that the coronus material is well-graded. The consistency of the soil sample was determined using the four-point Casagrande method for Atterberg limits i.e, the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of the clayey soil. The load-bearing capacity of the clayey soil stabilized with coronus material was determined using standard compaction tests to calculate the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of clay before and after blending with 10% increments of coronus material. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test results of all the samples were determined using standard CBR laboratory tests. It has been observed that the addition of coronus material has improved the load-bearing capacity of clayey soil. Hence, it is recommended that, wherever possible, coronus material be utilized as a stabilizing agent to improve the geotechnical properties of expansive subgrade soil.
A Study of Cost Comparison of Flexible Pavement Using Different Soils
Authors: Bhupathi Sridhar , Kuchu Jayasree , Sastri M V S S
Published: October 2022

India is home to the world’s second-largest road network. It has a diverse range of soil types, each with its own set of conditions and characteristics, on which the road network is built. IRC: 37-2018 was used for the Design and Cost Analysis of Flexible Pavement for five distinct types of soils: Black cotton soil, Alluvial soil, Sandy soil, Red Laterite soil, and Murram soil. The Resilient modulus which depends on CBR value of the soil has been found to influence the pavement thickness, strength and performance. The project’s cost is determined by the pavement thickness, which again is determined by the soil’s CBR value. By employing a soil with a high CBR value, the project’s pavement thickness and cost will be decreased. On poor or problematic soils, soil stabilisation techniques should be employed to improve CBR value and save project expenses. According to the findings, employing the CBR value improves the pavement’s strength and hence saves time when planning a pavement.