bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infective Endocarditis in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rushani Dinela , Kaufman Jay S. , Ionescu-Ittu Raluca , Mackie Andrew S. , Pilote Louise , Therrien Judith , Marelli Ariane J.
Published: September 2013

Background—

The American Heart Association guidelines for prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) in 2007 reduced the groups of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients for whom antibiotic prophylaxis was indicated. The evidence base in CHD patients is limited. We sought to determine the risk of IE in children with CHD.

Methods and Results—

We performed a population-based analysis to determine the cumulative incidence and predictors of IE in children (0–18 years) with CHD by the use of the Quebec CHD Database from 1988 to 2010. In 47 518 children with CHD followed for 458 109 patient-years, 185 cases of IE were observed. Cumulative incidence of IE was estimated in the subset of 34 279 children with CHD followed since birth, in whom the risk of IE up to 18 years of age was 6.1/1000 children (95% confidence interval, 5.0–7.5). In a nested case-control analysis, the following CHD lesions were at highest risk of IE in comparison with atrial septal defects (adjusted rate ratio, 95% confidence interval): cyanotic CHD (6.44, 3.95–10.50), endocardial cushion defects (5.47, 2.89–10.36), and left-sided lesions (1.88, 1.01–3.49). Cardiac surgery within 6 months (5.34, 2.49–11.43) and an age of <3 years (3.53, 2.51–4.96; reference, ages 6–18) also conferred an elevated risk of IE.

Conclusions—

In a large population-based cohort of children with CHD, we documented the cumulative incidence of IE and associated factors. These findings help identify groups of patients who are at the highest risk of developing IE.
A systematic review of yoga for state anxiety: Considerations for occupational therapy / Revue systématique sur l’efficacité du yoga pour traiter l’anxiété réactionnelle : Facteurs à considérer en ergothérapie
Authors: Chugh-Gupta Neha , Baldassarre Fulvia G. , Vrkljan Brenda H.
Published: September 2013

Background.

State anxiety can result from a variety of life situations. This type of anxiety can disrupt occupational engagement and performance, thereby affecting rehabilitation and recovery. Occupational therapists need to address the connection between mind-body-spirit and its relationship to performance and engagement in meaningful occupations. Yoga, when used as an adjunct to therapy, has the potential to address state anxiety.

Purpose.

The aim was to systematically review the evidence concerning the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment approach for state anxiety.

Methods.

Six electronic databases, the authors’ own files, and the references of included studies from 1990 to July 2011 were searched.

Findings.

A total of 25 unique studies represented by 26 publications made up the sample: two systematic reviews; 16 randomized controlled trials, and seven prospective, controlled, non-randomized studies. Evidence suggests yoga can be a viable therapeutic option for reducing state anxiety in certain situations.

Implications.

In making the determination to recommend yoga as an intervention, occupational therapists should consider the client’s circumstances and values as well as the type and intensity of the yoga program.
The satisfaction of teachers with their supervisors’ interpersonal communication skills in relation to job burn-out and growth satisfaction in southern India
Authors: Rajesh J Irudhaya , Suganthi L
Published: September 2013

Social support of supervisors and colleagues is thought to enable people to cope better with the demanding work situations. More specifically, supportive, supervisory communication has been found to reduce uncertainty, promote discussion, build self-esteem, clarify role expectations and inculcate meaning in the job among employees. In an attempt to help educators explore the full benefits of supervisory social support in academic institutions, this article examines the satisfaction of teachers with their supervisors’ interpersonal communication skills in relation to job burn-out and growth satisfaction in the job in southern India. Data were collected from 140 educational professionals of schools, colleges and universities located in southern India. The findings reveal that teachers’ satisfaction with supervisors’ interpersonal communication skills is positively related to their growth satisfaction in the job and negatively related to burn-out. The interview data that substantiated the findings of this study also highlight important interpersonal communication skills that need to be practiced by supervisors in the educational institutions in southern India.
A study of current male educational leaders, their careers and next steps
Authors: Chard Rachel
Published: September 2013

In educational leadership there appears to be a disproportionately low number of female head teachers in comparison to the number in teaching. This article explores whether embedded links between leadership and masculinity still exist, and reports on the reasons given by a sample of three male leaders as to why they pursued careers in educational leadership. Existing research into headship is investigated and whether the gendered construction of leaders and leadership was considered and contributed to the choices made. By interviewing head teachers I explore views on the perceived advantages and disadvantages that males and females face in their rise to the top role. The head teachers deem the underrepresentation to be resolving itself as increasing numbers of females in leadership teams should automatically lead to increased numbers of female heads. They feel content to retire from the profession safe in this knowledge.
Paradoxical effect of obesity on hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kim Chi Kyung , Ryu Wi-Sun , Kim Beom Joon , Lee Seung-Hoon
Published: September 2013

Background

Among the patients with established coronary artery diseases, obese patients tend to have a more favorable prognosis, which is called as obesity paradox. Interestingly, mildly obese patients who underwent coronary revascularization had a lower risk of bleeding. In this context, we have investigated the association between obesity and hemorrhagic transformation (HTf) after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

A total of 365 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were included in this study. Demographic, clinical and radiological information was collected and HTf was evaluated through follow-up T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo MRI performed usually within 1 week after occurrence of stroke. Body mass index was calculated, and obesity was defined using the World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office criteria.

Results

The HTf was identified in 59 patients (16.2%). As the severity of obesity increased, the occurrence of HTf decreased. Compared with the normal weight group and after controlling possible confounders including acute and previous treatment, stroke severity and subtype, the risk of HTf decreased significantly in the obese group (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.87).

Conclusions

The better outcome for HTf seen in obese patients suggests the existence of a “bleeding-obesity paradox” in acute ischemic stroke.
Samsoeum, a traditional herbal medicine, elicits apoptotic and autophagic cell death by inhibiting Akt/mTOR and activating the JNK pathway in cancer cells
Authors: Kim Aeyung , Yim Nam-Hui , Ma Jin Yeul
Published: September 2013

Background

Samsoeum (SSE), a traditional herbal formula, has been widely used to treat cough, fever, congestion, and emesis for centuries. Recent studies have demonstrated that SSE retains potent pharmacological efficiency in anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory reactions. However, the anti-cancer activity of SSE and its underlying mechanisms have not been studied. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the effect of SSE on cell death and elucidate its detailed mechanism.

Methods

Following SSE treatment, cell growth and cell death were measured using an MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Cell cycle arrest and YO-PRO-1 uptake were assayed using flow cytometry, and LC3 redistribution was observed using confocal microscope. The mechanisms of anti-cancer effect of SSE were investigated through western blot analysis.

Results

We initially found that SSE caused dose- and time-dependent cell death in cancer cells but not in normal primary hepatocytes. In addition, during early SSE treatment (6–12 h), cells were arrested in G2/M phase concomitant with up-regulation of p21 and p27 and down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, followed by an increase in apoptotic YO-PRO-1 (+) cells. SSE also induced autophagy via up-regulation of Beclin-1 expression, conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) I to LC3-II, and re-distribution of LC3, indicating autophagosome formation. Moreover, the level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), which is critical for cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy, was significantly reduced in SSE-treated cells. Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased, followed by suppression of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in response to SSE treatment. In particular, among MAPKs inhibitors, only the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-specific inhibitor SP600125 nearly blocked SSE-induced increases in Beclin-1, LC3-II, and Bax expression and decreases in Bcl-2 expression, indicating that JNK activation plays critical role in cell death caused by SSE.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that SSE efficiently induces cancer cell death via apoptosis as well as autophagy through modification of the Akt/mTOR and JNK signaling pathways. SSE may be as a potent traditional herbal medicine for treating malignancies.
Prevalence of gestational, placental and congenital malaria in north-west Colombia
Authors: Agudelo Olga , Arango Eliana , Maestre Amanda , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime
Published: September 2013

Background

The frequency of pregnancy-associated malaria is increasingly being documented in American countries. In Colombia, with higher frequency ofPlasmodium vivaxoverPlasmodium falciparuminfection, recent reports confirmed gestational malaria as a serious public health problem. Thick smear examination is the gold standard to diagnose malaria in endemic settings, but in recent years, molecular diagnostic methods have contributed to elucidate the dimension of the problem of gestational malaria. The study was aimed at exploring the prevalence of gestational, placental and congenital malaria in women who delivered at the local hospitals of north-west Colombia, between June 2008 and April 2011.

Methods

A group of 129 parturient women was selected to explore the prevalence of gestational, placental and congenital malaria in a descriptive, prospective and transversal (prevalence) design. Diagnosis was based on the simultaneous application of two independent diagnostic tests: microscopy of thick blood smears and a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR).

Results

The prevalence of gestational malaria (thick smear /PCR) was 9.1%/14.0%; placental malaria was 3.3%/16.5% and congenital malaria was absent. A history of gestational malaria during the current pregnancy was significantly associated with gestational malaria at delivery.Plasmodium vivaxcaused 65% of cases of gestational malaria, whereasP. falciparumcaused most cases of placental malaria.

Conclusions

Gestational and placental malaria are a serious problem in the region, but the risk of congenital malaria is low. A history of malaria during pregnancy may be a practical indicator of infection at delivery.
Weight management interventions in adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Spanos Dimitrios , Melville Craig Andrew , Hankey Catherine Ruth
Published: September 2013

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of weight management interventions in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and obesity using recommendations from current clinical guidelines for the first line management of obesity in adults. Full papers on lifestyle modification interventions published between 1982 to 2011 were sought by searching the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases. Studies were evaluated based on 1) intervention components, 2) methodology, 3) attrition rate 4) reported weight loss and 5) duration of follow up. Twenty two studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to inclusion of the following components: behaviour change alone, behaviour change plus physical activity, dietary advice or physical activity alone, dietary plus physical activity advice and multi-component (all three components). The majority of the studies had the same methodological limitations: no sample size justification, small heterogeneous samples, no information on randomisation methodologies. Eight studies were classified as multi-component interventions, of which one study used a 600 kilocalorie (2510 kilojoule) daily energy deficit diet. Study durations were mostly below the duration recommended in clinical guidelines and varied widely. No study included an exercise program promoting 225–300 minutes or more of moderate intensity physical activity per week but the majority of the studies used the same behaviour change techniques. Three studies reported clinically significant weight loss (≥ 5%) at six months post intervention. Current data indicate weight management interventions in those with ID differ from recommended practice and further studies to examine the effectiveness of multi-component weight management interventions for adults with ID and obesity are justified.
Metastatic prostate cancer cell-specific phage-like particles as a targeted gene-delivery system
Authors: Fagbohun Olusegun A , Kazmierczak Robert A , Petrenko Valery A , Eisenstark Abraham
Published: September 2013

Background

One of the cardinal requirements for effective therapeutic management of tumors is the selective delivery of cancer drugs to the right site by ligand-decorated nanomedicines. Screening of 2 × 109clone landscape phage library provides a reliable avenue for generating protein ligands specific for tumor cells. It was shown that selective phage proteins derived from landscape phage libraries against breast and prostate cancer cells are able to navigate drug or siRNA loaded liposomes to corresponding cancer cells with minimal toxicity to non-neoplastic cells. In an alternative platform, glioma cell-specific phage proteins were used for assemblingin vivocancer-specific phage-like particles, named ‘phagemid infective particles’ as targeted gene-delivery vehicles.

Methods

To extend the panel of anticancer cell phages, we have screened a 2 × 109clone landscape phage library f8/8 to select phage clones specific for metastatic prostate cancer cell PC-3M. The phage clones were characterized for their selective interaction with PC-3M cells using phage capture assay, immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. A prostate cancer selective phage was converted to phage-like particles harboring emerald green fluorescent protein.

Results

Phage clone EPTHSWAT (designated by the sequence of inserted peptide) was found to be most selective for PC-3M cells and was observed to internalize PC-3M cells as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Conversion of this phage to phage-like particles harboring emerald green fluorescent protein and the expression of emerald green fluorescent protein in the phage-like particles treated PC-3M cells showed potential of adoption of this phage-like particle in prostate cancer therapeutic gene delivery.

Conclusion

Successful employment of phage-like particles expressing emerald green fluorescent protein genes targeted to prostate cancer cells PC-3M confirms a prospect of their use for targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to cancer cells.
Dynamics of bone healing after osteotomy with piezosurgery or conventional drilling– histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis
Authors: Esteves Jônatas Caldeira , Marcantonio Jr Elcio , de Souza Faloni Ana Paula , Rocha Fernanda Regina Godoy , Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana , Wilk Katarzyna , Intini Giuseppe
Published: September 2013

Background

Piezosurgery is an osteotomy system used in medical and dental surgery. Manystudies have proven clinical advantages of piezosurgery in terms of quality ofcut, maneuverability, ease of use, and safety. However, few investigations havetested its superiority over the traditional osteotomy systems in terms of dynamicsof bone healing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics ofbone healing after osteotomies with piezosurgery and to compare them with thoseassociated to traditional bone drilling.

Methods

One hundred and ten rats were divided into two groups with 55 animals each. Theanimals were anesthetized and the tibiae were surgically exposed to create defects2 mm in diameter by using piezosurgery (Piezo group) and conventionaldrilling (Drill group). Animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 dayspost-surgery. Bone samples were collected and processed for histological,histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis. The histologicalanalysis was performed at all time points (n = 8) whereas thehistomorphometrical analysis was performed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 dayspost-surgery (n = 8). The immunolabeling was performed to detectVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Caspase-3 (CAS-3), Osteoprotegerin(OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL), andOsteocalcin (OC) at 3, 7, and 14 days (n = 3). For the molecularanalysis, animals were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 14 days, total RNA wascollected, and quantification of the expression of 21 genes related to BMPsignaling, Wnt signaling, inflammation, osteogenenic and apoptotic pathways wasperformed by qRT-PCR (n = 5).

Results

Histologically and histomorphometrically, bone healing was similar in both groupswith the exception of a slightly higher amount of newly formed bone observed at30 days after piezosurgery (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical andqRT-PCR analyses didn’t detect significant differences in expression of allthe proteins and most of the genes tested.

Conclusions

Based on the results of our study we conclude that in a rat tibial bone defectmodel the bone healing dynamics after piezosurgery are comparable to thoseobserved with conventional drilling.
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein signatures that correlate with the development of cross-reactive neutralizing activity
Authors: van den Kerkhof Tom L G M , Feenstra K Anton , Euler Zelda , van Gils Marit J , Rijsdijk Linda W E , Boeser-Nunnink Brigitte D , Heringa Jaap , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Sanders Rogier W
Published: September 2013

Background

Current HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccines are unable to induce cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. However, such antibodies are elicited in 10-30% of HIV-1 infected individuals, but it is unknown why these antibodies are induced in some individuals and not in others. We hypothesized that the Envs of early HIV-1 variants in individuals who develop cross-reactive neutralizing activity (CrNA) might have unique characteristics that support the induction of CrNA.

Results

We retrospectively generated and analyzed env sequences of early HIV-1 clonal variants from 31 individuals with diverse levels of CrNA 2–4 years post-seroconversion. These sequences revealed a number of Env signatures that coincided with CrNA development. These included a statistically shorter variable region 1 and a lower probability of glycosylation as implied by a high ratio of NXS versus NXT glycosylation motifs. Furthermore, lower probability of glycosylation at position 332, which is involved in the epitopes of many broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies, was associated with the induction of CrNA. Finally, Sequence Harmony identified a number of amino acid changes associated with the development of CrNA. These residues mapped to various Env subdomains, but in particular to the first and fourth variable region as well as the underlying α2 helix of the third constant region.

Conclusions

These findings imply that the development of CrNA might depend on specific characteristics of early Env. Env signatures that correlate with the induction of CrNA might be relevant for the design of effective HIV-1 vaccines.
Combined effects of C225 and 125-iodine seed radiation on colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Liu Jingjia , Wang Hao , Qu Ang , Li Jinna , Zhao Yong , Wang Junjie
Published: September 2013

Background

To characterize the effect of combined treatment of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody C225 and 125-iodine (125I) seed radiation in human colorectal cancer.

Methods

We treated LS180 cells with 125I continuous low dose rate radiation in the presence and absence of 100 nM C225. The clonogenic capacity, cellular proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and molecular pathways of the cells following the treatments were analyzed in vitro.

Results

The sensitizer enhancement ratio of C225 was approximately 1.4. Treatment with C225 and radiation alone produced significant inhibition of cell growth, but combination therapy produced greater inhibition than either treatment administered alone. C225 increased the radiation-induced apoptosis and the fraction of γ-H2AX foci positive cells at 48 h after treatment. The Akt phosphorylation level was lower in the cells receiving the combination treatment than in the cells treated with radiation or C225 alone.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that C225 sensitizes LS180 cells to 125I seed radiation. Growth inhibition is mediated by inducing apoptosis and not cell cycle arrest. Additionally, we confirmed that C225 impairs DNA repair by reducing the cellular level of the DNA-PKcs and Ku70 proteins. Furthermore, the inhibition of Akt signaling activation may be responsible for the C225-mediated radiosensitization.
Propofol infusion syndrome resuscitation with extracorporeal life support: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mayette Michael , Gonda Jeremy , Hsu Joe L , Mihm Frederick G
Published: September 2013

We report a case of propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) in a young female treated for status epilepticus. In this case, PRIS rapidly evolved to full cardiovascular collapse despite aggressive supportive care in the intensive care unit, as well as prompt discontinuation of the offending agent. She progressed to refractory cardiac arrest requiring emergent initiation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). She regained a perfusing rhythm after prolonged (>8 hours) asystole, was weaned off ECMO and eventually all life support, and was discharged to home. We also present a review of the available literature on the use of ECMO for PRIS.
The Middle Style/Late Style Dialectic
Authors: Swinkin Jeffrey
Published: September 2013

In this essay, I aim both to elucidate and to problematize Adorno’s reading of Beethoven’s middle and late styles as essentially dichotomous. Specifically, Adorno holds that the middle-style works express the utter interdependency of the subjective and objective spheres in their emphasis upon organic wholeness and totality. By contrast, the late-style works express the alienation of subject from object in isolating and laying bare musical conventions. Yet middle Beethoven, as Adorno himself intimates, often calls organic unity into question, especially with respect to the recapitulation and coda in a sonata-form piece. Moreover, although Adorno does not seem to acknowledge it, the middle style exhibits fragmentation both in partitioning the sonata principle into subprinciples and, more concretely, in partitioning a theme into various subcomponents. Conversely, using Schenkerian techniques, one can expose sub-thematic unity underlying foreground fragmentation in the late works (as demonstrated by Daniel Chua and Kevin Korsyn). Drawing on Schenker’s reading, I use Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in A, op. 101 as a case study. In the second half of the essay I confront the political connotations of Adorno’s argument, again problematizing particular stylistic binarisms with respect to issues of freedom, solidarity, and hope.
Precompact Apartness Spaces
Authors: Bridges Douglas S
Published: September 2013

We present a notion of precompactness, and study some of its properties, in
the context of apartness spaces whose apartness structure is not necessarily
induced by any uniform one. The presentation lies entirely with a Bishop-style
constructive framework, and is a contribution to the ongoing development of the
constructive theories of apartness and uniformity.
Generalized Craig Interpolation for Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability Problems with Applications to Probabilistic State Reachability and Region Stability
Authors: Teige Tino , Fränzle Martin
Published: September 2013

The stochastic Boolean satisfiability (SSAT) problem has been introduced by
Papadimitriou in 1985 when adding a probabilistic model of uncertainty to
propositional satisfiability through randomized quantification. SSAT has many
applications, among them probabilistic bounded model checking (PBMC) of
symbolically represented Markov decision processes. This article identifies a
notion of Craig interpolant for the SSAT framework and develops an algorithm
for computing such interpolants based on a resolution calculus for SSAT. As a
potential application area of this novel concept of Craig interpolation, we
address the symbolic analysis of probabilistic systems. We first investigate
the use of interpolation in probabilistic state reachability analysis, turning
the falsification procedure employing PBMC into a verification technique for
probabilistic safety properties. We furthermore propose an interpolation-based
approach to probabilistic region stability, being able to verify that the
probability of stabilizing within some region is sufficiently large.
Intuitionistic implication makes model checking hard
Authors: Mundhenk Martin , Weiss Felix
Published: September 2013

We investigate the complexity of the model checking problem for
intuitionistic and modal propositional logics over transitive Kripke models.
More specific, we consider intuitionistic logic IPC, basic propositional logic
BPL, formal propositional logic FPL, and Jankov's logic KC. We show that the
model checking problem is P-complete for the implicational fragments of all
these intuitionistic logics. For BPL and FPL we reach P-hardness even on the
implicational fragment with only one variable. The same hardness results are
obtained for the strictly implicational fragments of their modal companions.
Moreover, we investigate whether formulas with less variables and additional
connectives make model checking easier. Whereas for variable free formulas
outside of the implicational fragment, FPL model checking is shown to be in
LOGCFL, the problem remains P-complete for BPL.
Relationships among Refraining from Catastrophic Thinking, Worrying, and Metacognitive Beliefs
Authors: Sugiura Tomoko , Sugiura Yoshinori , Tanno Yoshihiko
Published: September 2013

The Refraining from Catastrophic Thinking Scale is a self-report measure that assesses the perceived skills to detach from and to suspend negative thinking that were fostered in cognitive behavioral therapy. This study examined the relationships between this scale and the variables in Wells' metacognitive model of emotional disorders, and worrying. A survey of 470 students revealed that the Refraining from Catastrophic Thinking was negatively related to negative metacognitive beliefs about worrying, and that it explained additional variance in worrying beyond the existing metacognitive variables. Therefore, the Refraining from Catastrophic Thinking is unique in predicting worrying and has a meaningful relationship with metacognitive beliefs. It may thus be a useful tool for examining therapeutic change in metacognitive and related therapies.
Menarche and Eating Disorders
Authors: Martino Sara , Lester David
Published: September 2013

160 undergraduate women ( M age = 20.3, SD = 1.52) were assessed for depression, drug abuse, and eating disorders. The age of menarche was positively correlated with higher scores on a screening measure for eating disorders, a finding opposite to past studies for adolescent girls.
Hypercorrection of High Confidence Errors in Lexical Representations
Authors: Iwaki Nobuyoshi , Matsushima Hiroko , Kodaira Kazumasa
Published: September 2013

Memory errors associated with higher confidence are more likely to be corrected than errors made with lower confidence, a phenomenon called the hypercorrection effect. This study investigated whether the hypercorrection effect occurs with phonological information of lexical representations. In Experiment 1, 15 participants performed a Japanese Kanji word-reading task, in which the words had several possible pronunciations. In the initial task, participants were required to read aloud each word and indicate their confidence in their response; this was followed by receipt of visual feedback of the correct response. A hypercorrection effect was observed, indicating generality of this effect beyond previous observations in memories based upon semantic or episodic representations. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2, in which 40 participants performed the same task as in Experiment 1. When the participant's ratings of the practical value of the words were controlled, a partial correlation between confidence and likelihood of later correcting the initial mistaken response was reduced. This suggests that the hypercorrection effect may be partially caused by an individual's recognition of the practical value of reading the words correctly.
Arterio-Venous (AV) Fistula: Surgical outcome in College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan
Authors: Shah S , Maharjan N , Chapagain D , Shrestha KG , Reddy DJ
Published: September 2013

Aims Arteriovenous fistula is considered as reliable form of vascular access for hemodialysis in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. We aim to evaluate prospectively, the outcome and primary failure rate of Arteriovenous fistula in 30 Chronic kidney Disease patients with Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <30ml/min. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted at the department of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS), College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur from May 2011 to May 2012. Thirty patients ranging from age 25 to 76 years with stage IV and V CKD, i.e. GFR below 30ml/min, were included in this study. Detailed physical examination including arterial pulses i.e. axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar and blood pressure in both upper limbs was recorded. Allens test was performed on every patient and left upper limb was used for AV fistula formation. Brachiocephalic fistula was made in 19 (63.33%), while radiocephalic fistula was made in 11 (36.67%) patients. Patients were evaluated post operatively, on outdoor basis, weekly for 6weeks. All patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of complications i.e. infection, hematoma, thrombosis, aneurysms and steal syndrome. Results The complication was primary failure in two patients. One male patient got secondary infection and one female patient got post operative hematoma leading to 6.66% primary failure of fistula. No other complications were noted. Conclusion Arteriovenous fistula is the gold standard for vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with deteriorating renal function and end-stage renal disease. It is designed to improve the effectiveness of dialysis with fewer risks and complications than other vascular accesses. This study gives the higher success rate of 93.33% and concludes that age should not be a limiting factor when determining candidacy for arteriovenous fistula creation and is the safe procedure. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-4, 1-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i4.8693
Molecular identification of dermatophytosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of source of infection by restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Authors: Jha BK , Murthy S Mahadeva , Devi NL
Published: September 2013

Introduction Dermatophytes are responsible for most superficial fungal infections and the estimated lifetime risk of acquiring a dermatophyte infection is between 10-20%. These fungi are mainly classified in three major genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Materials and Methods Clinically suspected 200 cases of dermatophyte infected patients from K. R. Hospital Mysore and Mission Hospital Mysore were included in this descriptive study from January 2011 to June 2012. All the culture positive smear- 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and culture in different dermatophytic medium patients were confirmed by PCR and source of infection was detected (n=10) from PCR positive patients and (n=10) from their domestic animals by PCR-RFLP methods targeting 18S rDNA regions of fungi. Results Out of 200 clinically suspected cases KOH mount was positive in 143 (71.5%) cases and culture was positive in 132(66%) cases. The isolates belonged to three genera and eight species as T.mentagrophytes 52(39.4%), T.rubrum 30(22.7%), T.violacium 18(13.6%), T.verrucosum 11(8.3%), E.floccosum 10(7.6%), M.canis 6(4.5%), T.tonsurans 03(2.3%) and T.schollenii 2(1.5%). To identify the source of infection 10 animals ,one each from the houses of 10 patients who were PCR positive were also subjected to PCR and RFLP. The animals and the patients were found to be infected by same organisms T.verrucosum .This indicates that T.verrucosum infection is from animal source. Conclusion Dermatophytic infections are more common infectious disease. Preliminary diagnosis of dermatophytosis can be done by KOH mount and culture, which takes longer time to report and cannot differentiate at the genus and species level. Results indicate that PCR-RFLP may be considered as gold standard for the diagnosis and confirmation of source of infection of dermatophytosis and can aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-4, 7-15 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i4.8694
Retrorectal tumors: report of two cases
Authors: Kafle P , Praveen CR , Kumar S , Patowary BN , Maharjan N , Shah S , Agrawal S
Published: September 2013

Retrorectal tumor is uncommon identity presenting with nonspecific sign and symptoms making difficulty in diagnosis. Benign tumors are more common than malignant. The lesion may be malignant or progress to malignancy from benign state. Retrorectal masses in young women may continue to grow and result in dystocia. Cystic lesions are also at risk of becoming infected, which renders subsequent excision more difficult and increase the risk of recurrence. Cross-sectional imaging is required to determine the extent of resection and the appropriate surgical approach. Surgical removal leads to favorable outcomes for patients with benign purely cystic retrorectal tumors. We report two such benign rectal lesions. ] Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-4, 46-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i4.8701
MODIFICATION OF SURFACE MESH FOR THE GENERATION OF KNIFE ELEMENT FREE HEXAHEDRAL MESH
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Khalil Gazi Md.
Published: September 2013

Hexahedral elements provide greater accuracy and efficiency over tetrahedral elements for finite element analysis of solids and for this reason the all-hexahedral element auto meshing has a growing demand. The whisker-weaving based plastering algorithm developed by the authors can generate hexahedral mesh (HM) automatically. In this method the prerequisite for generating HM is quadrilateral surface mesh (SM). From the given SM, combinatorial dual cycles or whisker sheet loops for whisker weaving algorithm are generated to produce HM. Generation of good quality HM does not depend only on the quality of quadrilaterals of the SM but also on the quality of the dual cycles generated from it. If the dual cycles have self-intersection, it could cause the formation of degenerated hexahedron called knife element, which is not usable in finite element analysis. In this paper a detailed method is proposed to modify the SM to remove self-intersections from its dual loops. The SM modification procedure of this proposed method has three basic steps. These steps are (a) face collapsing, (b) new face generation and (c) template application. A fully automatic computer program is developed on the basis of this proposed method and a number of models are analyzed to show the effectiveness of the proposal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v41i2.7505
EFFECT OF FUEL ADULTERATION ON ENGINE CRANKCASE DILUTION
Authors: Ehsan Md. , Rahman Md. Mahmudur , Saadi Hasan
Published: September 2013

Excessive crankcase dilution of lubricating oil in petrol driven vehicles across Dhaka city have been reported recently. A field survey revealed that, gradual increase in the volume of lubricating oil was experienced irrespective of vehicle model, vehicle age and brand of lubricating oil used. The problem was found to originate from adulteration of fuel, probably with the intention of gaining undue financial benefits, stimulated by the high fuel price. Samples were collected from fuel stations across Dhaka and compared with base fuels collected from Eastern Refinery. Investigation of fuel properties like  density, distillation curve and visual colour indicated that, condensates from gas fields in around 15% by volume is being mixed with petrol for adulteration. Heavier components of the condensate is causing high rate of crankcase dilution of the lubricating oil in engines. Such dilution is reducing viscosity of the lubricating oil significantly, which may lead to high rate of engine wear and poor performance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v41i2.7506
PROMOTION OF CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEETING ENERGY DEMANDS IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER
Authors: Ghose Mrinal K.
Published: September 2013

The global energy requirement has grown at a phenomenon rate and the demand of coal willcontinue to remain as the prime energy source in foreseeable future . Economic development and povertyalleviation depend on securing affordable energy sources and coal mining industry offers a bright future for theenergy security in the Asia Pacific Region, However, direct use of coal leads to environmental pollution. Theemission of CO2' the principal green house gases (GHG), is strongly related to the use of fossil fuel, especiallycoal, for energy production. A long term projection for the Indian energy sector up to the year 2031-32 showthat CO2 emission from India is likely to increase much faster to 3.5 times the present value. Estimated globaltemperature increase varying from 2 to 3.5°C and a sea level rise of 65 cm by the year 2100. As coal will bereaming as the prime energy source this paper emphasizes the need to develop clean coal technologies wherecoal can be refined in coal refineries to obtain different fractionated products having different quality gradeclass (QGC) of fuels. It also highlights the need to develop further clean coal technologies like integratedgasification combined cycle (IGCC) through hydrogen generation for zero emission. The use of ultra clean coalin gas turbines directly will enhance the efficiency of power generation to 52-55% from the existing efficiency ofpulverized coal power generation of 33 - 38%. This paper discusses the role of Mechanical Engineers for thepromotion of Clean Coal Technology (CCT) in fulfilling energy demand in a sustainable manner. Brute forcehigh pressure coal conversion processes will have to be replaced by the convenient and cost effective lowatmospheric pressure processes through further research and development work. The methodology as discussedmay have formed a guideline to develop clean coal technologies in industrial scale in various countries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v42i1.15931
UNDERLYING PROBLEMS OF SHIP RECYCLING INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH AND WAY FORWARD
Authors: Zakaria N. M. Golam , Hossain K. A.
Published: September 2013

Ship recycling has been playing as a catalyst role for the economy of Bangladesh by supporting steelindustry, shipbuilding industry and other industries and it has also been generating huge employments for thecountry. But, existing problems of this industry in terms of safety, health and environmental issues bringnegative image for the country sometimes. This paper is aimed to identify the underlying problems of shiprecycling industry at first and then analyze the nature of the problems to make it helpful overcoming theobstacles. A brief overview has been given focusing recent development of this sector. A guideline has been putforward to overcome all these problems in order to hold a strong position in the world ship recycling.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v42i1.15932
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE WAKE AFFECTED UNSTEADINESS ON FLAT PLATE BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Amin Sanchita , Das Dipak Kanti
Published: September 2013

The present numerical simulation has been conducted with the aim to observe the unsteady boundarylayer characteristics on a flat plate induced by a von Karman vortex street wake. This flow situation is anidealization of that occurring on turbomachinery blades where unsteady wakes are generated by the precedingrow of blades. In this research, the boundary layer is developed under zero pressure gradients while the vortexstreet is generated by an elliptic cylinder positioned in the free stream. The minor-major axes ratio of theelliptic cylinder is taken as 0.6 with an angle of attack 00. The investigation has been performed for differentcylinder-to-plate relative position and a Reynolds number of 500 based on the focal distance of the ellipticcylinder and free stream velocity. The time dependent, two dimensional flow is simulated numerically. Theconsequent mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of mass, and momentum and solved byemploying Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The development of the flow fieldup to certain time period is considered. Instantaneous streamlines of the disturbed flow field, instantaneousvelocity field, boundary layer integral parameters, and skin friction on different streamwise locations on theplate are presented in this paper. The result shows that the wake vortices strongly affect the boundary layerover the flat plate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v43i1.15771
PREDICTION OF TRANSONIC BUFFET ONSET FOR FLOW OVER A SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL- A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Rokoni Arif Abdullah , Hasan A.B.M. Toufique
Published: September 2013

Transonic flow over a supercritical airfoil leads to the appearances of unsteady shock waves in theflow field. At certain flow conditions, the interaction of unsteady shock waves with boundary layer becomescomplex and generates self-excited shock oscillation, lift fluctuation and thus initiate the buffet. In the presentstudy, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with k-? SST turbulence model has been applied to predictthe shock induced buffet onset for the flow over a supercritical airfoil NASA SC(2) 0714. The free streamtransonic Mach number is kept in the range of 0.71 to 0.75 while the angle of attack is varied in a wide range.The onset of buffet is confirmed by the fluctuating aerodynamic properties such as lift-coefficient, pressurecoefficient, static pressure and so on. The self-excited shock oscillation and the corresponding buffet frequencyare numerically analyzed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v43i1.15782
Economia Brasileira. As Tentativas de Superação da Crise Atual
Authors: Conti Vivaldo Luiz
Published: September 2013

Análise da situação da economia brasileira atual, a partir de antecedentes próximos, ao término do governo militar. Exame dos três planos de estabilização postos em prática até 1989 e do quarto plano, iniciado pelo novo governo. Apontando as medidas adotadas e avaliando as implicações na vida do país, o autor procura identificar os pontos cruciais para o seu êxito ou insucesso.
Da transfiguração do Regionalismo à universalidade : ficção brasileira atual
Authors: de Lara Cecília
Published: September 2013

Examinando a ficção brasileira dos últimos cinco anos, através de obras significativas, a autora considera a continuidade ou a ruptura em relação às Unhas anteriormente estudadas. Assinala, nas obras atuais, a abertura ao universal, com aprofundamento na realidade interior do homem de hoje, consolidando-se o uso de técnicas modernas de expressão, ligadas aos meios de comunicação de massa, que vinham sendo introduzidas.
O Cego às avessas : o cinema brasileiro nos últimos dez anos
Authors: Avellar José Carlos
Published: September 2013

Num enfoque bastante pessoal, o autor toma os títulos de dois filmes — Bye bye Brasil (1979) et Dias melhores virão (1989) — como imagens representativas dos impulsos que norteiam o cinema brasileiro nos últimos dez anos. A intuição inicial se faz instrumento de análise para os filmes do período, balisados entre «a despedida» e «esperança», em estreita correlação como a vida do país, onde « o atraso coabita com o progresso ».
A cultura brasileira e a mulher : uma leitura através da música popular
Authors: Beltrão Junior Synval
Published: September 2013

O autor considera o conceito do «feminino» no Cancioneiro Popular Brasileiro desde o século 18, detendo-se na análise das letras de algumas canções tomadas como exemplo.
Quand les écrivains brésiliens se confiaient à Bernanos
Authors: Carelli Mario
Published: September 2013

Transcription et commentaires de lettres inédites, d'artistes et d'écrivains brésiliens (Vicente Rego Monteiro, Sérgio Millet, Alvaro lins, Jorge de Lima, Murilo Mendes) à Georges Bernanos manifestant leur admiration et leur respect pour cet écrivain français qui vécut quelques années au Brésil.
Théodore de Bry et ses modèles français
Authors: Duviols Jean-Paul
Published: September 2013

Le premier centenaire du célèbre voyage de Colomb coïncide avec la publication des Grands Voyages de Théodore de Bry. Bien qu'à l'écart de la conquête, la France a essayé d'installer des établissements sur les côtes du Canada, du Brésil et de la Floride. Le graveur de Francfort a réuni une iconographie « choisie » où les modèles français ont une place importante. C'est la transformation de ces images originelles qui est analysée ici. Une hypothèse — fausse assurément — est avancée sur l'origine des gravures illustrant la Brevísima relación... de Las Casas (1598) et ce, pour faire connaître les aquarelles de la bibliothèque William Clements de Ann Arbor.
Voltaire et sa tragédie américaine Alzire (1736)
Authors: Sanchez Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2013

Poète à la mode jouissant déjà d'une renommée internationale, Voltaire prend une nouvelle orientation au retour de son exil en Angleterre. Il décide de donner une dimension philosophique à son œuvre et montre son intérêt profond pour l'Histoire. Alzire ou tes Américains, pièce écrite en 1733-1734 et présentée au public en 1736, cherche à renouveler le décor de la tragédie classique française tout en respectant les lois du genre. Voltaire veut plaire à un public qui aime la nouveauté mais qui est peu expert en matière américaine. Le Pérou colonial est le cadre qu'il choisit en s'adaptant au goût de l'époque, sans dépasser les limites d'un exotisme simple souvent fondé sur des données historico-géographiques approximatives. Le dramaturge laisse pourtant percevoir à travers ses choix son intérêt naissant pour l'Amérique. A. de Solis, Ercilla et surtout l'Inca Garcilaso lui ont permis d'imaginer l'action et les personnages de sa tragédie. Alzire, qui reflète les préoccupations de Voltaire mais aussi celles de son public, est le premier exemple véritable d'introduction de la matière américaine dans la tragédie classique française.
Le théâtre latino-américain accueilli par la critique française (1958-1977)
Authors: Obregón Osvaldo
Published: September 2013

Obras y compañías teatrales de América Latina en el Théâtre des Nations (Paris) y el Festival de Nancy. Revisión de las reacciones de la crítica francesa ante un teatro procedente de otro mundo. La imagen de un arte comprometido, reflejo de los conflictos sociales de un continente mal conocido.