bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional Policies, Professional Practices, and the Discourse of End-of-Life Discussions in American Medicine
Authors: Barton Ellen
Published: March 2015

The discourse analysis of end-of-life discussions presented here describes the interplay between the institutional order and interactional order in American medicine following Sarangi and Roberts (1999). In American hospitals, the institutional order of end-of-life discussions is accountable to a bioethics model of patient/surrogate autonomy for making medical decisions. In end-of-life care, medical futility is the basis for the decision to withdraw life support from a terminal patient; under autonomy in a bioethics model, this decision should be made primarily by the patient’s surrogate in consultation with the attending physician. The interactional order of discussions with patients’ families, however, is largely without accountability to institutional policies mandating autonomy, instead following the clinical and ethical standards of the profession of medicine, which preserve the determination of medical futility as a professional judgment and limit the scope of surrogate autonomy to an account of the patient’s wishes. In these discussions, physicians and families can be seen as constructing an ethics of emerging consensus as the basis for end-of-life decision-making.
Critical Incident Reporting and the Discursive Reconfiguration of Feeling and Positioning
Authors: Iedema Rick
Published: March 2015

This article analyses the emotional and generic dimensions of critical incident reports. These incident reports have been selected from the specialty of retrieval medicine; that is, a specialized service that transports patients from distant accident sites to hospitals. With its focus on emergencies in distant locations, this area of medicine and the care it provides is a hothouse for procedural difficulties, medical complications and, therefore, emotive language. The analysis demonstrates, firstly, that these reports can contain a range of evaluative expressions, including personal and depersonalized affect, interpersonal and normative udgements, and assessments of the functionality of objects. Secondly, these evaluations frequently harbour a tension between informal (private, emotional, self-oriented) and formal (public, depersonalized, formalized) discourse. Thirdly, the overall structure of incident reports is such as to effect a complex discursive transformation from personal sentiments into organizational assessments and solutions. The article concludes that incident reporting is an important postbureaucratic technique, in that it creates a space where clinicians are invited to link experiential dilemmas to service redesign strategies, and display their commitment to the ethos and practices of organizational improvement.
Survey of the linguistic accessibility of websites designed for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Bunning Karen , Trapp Emma , Seymour Kate , Fowler Michele , Rollett Beth
Published: March 2015

Internet usage is high amongst the general population but access problems persist for adults with intellectual disability. A descriptive study was conducted to explore linguistic accessibility of websites designed for this user group. The purposive sample comprised fifteen U.K. based websites associated with the self advocacy organisation People First, plus a matched, mainstream website for comparison. Linguistic measures at lexical and sentence levels were applied to text samples from each website. Readability scores ranged from 4.4 to 23.6 with only three websites achieving below the recommended standard for universal accessibility. Word variability scores ranged from 54 to 80 with many websites employing diverse vocabularies. Most of the websites achieved word frequency mean values within the 5 to 800,000 range. Only one website achieved scores indicative of positive accessibility value on all three measures. Mainstream website scores were unremarkable compared to the People First websites. Linguistic accessibility of websites designed for people with intellectual disability appears to be highly variable. A review of text authoring principles is called for as well as consideration of a mediating role for significant others providing support.
Sarnes Internat
Authors: Pétursdóttir Þóra , Olsen Bjørnar
Published: March 2015

Boarding schools used to be a common feature in the vast but sparsely populated region of Finnmark in northernmost Norway. For many these schools became a second home, a home away from home, and many of the desolate school buildings thus house childhood memories of generations. One such institution is the now abandoned and ruined school building at Sarnes in the municipality of North Cape. Closed down as an internat school in the 70s the building took on several different uses until finally abandoned in 2001. Yet, the building itself, its interior and things still speak starkly to its boarding school past, evoking memories of joyful play, discipline, work and home longing. This photo essay is based on photographs and observations made on repeated visits to Sarnes during the last years. It is an attempt to grasp and mediate the memories evoked through redundant things and the ruined materiality of present day Sarnes Internat.
“Although The Loneliness is Great, Greater Yet is the Love of my Country”
Authors: Prieto Manuel , Vila Xurxo M. Ayán
Published: March 2015

Since the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia (1879 1883), the Chilean State has constantly reproduced its sovereign power in the Atacama Desert by using different technologies of governance. During the Pinochet military regime (1973–1990), this process was radicalized through the militarization of the area. This militarization, in turn, produced new materialities in the desert landscape, such as the Topaín military outpost. In this article, we use archaeological evidence in order to reveal the everyday life of this base. This research is the first approach to this geographic area from the perspective of the Archaeology of Conflict. This, in turn, constitutes a methodological innovation for developing a new understanding of the reproduction of contemporary state sovereignty through the material culture of everyday life.
The Arts Transform The Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph
Published: March 2015

The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) is becoming increasingly experimental. Its methods are winning the hearts of next-generation humanities scholars of religion. Yet many present-generation humanities scholars of religion remain unaware of recent advances and have yet to participate. I hope to persuade such scholars that it is worth attempting collaborative science. CSR research will benefit from a fuller participation of mature humanities scholars of religion because their training affords a rich knowledge of religious facts. By the same token, humanities scholars of religion should be interested in scientific approaches because cumulative intellectual progress in every empirical discipline relies on hypothesis-driven research. My argument comes in three parts. First, I clarify the exciting possibilities for cumulative intellectual progress that hypothesis-driven research uniquely affords. Second, I describe recent advances from humanities/CSR collaborations, hazarding a few predictions about what to expect next. Third, I offer practical advice to humanities scholars about how to pursue productive CSR collaborations.
Problem of Music in a Historical Film
Authors: Stothart Herbert
Published: March 2015

Translated from Italian by Giorgio Biancorroso and edited by Giulio Ongaro. This article, originally written by Herbert Stothart in English, was published in Italian in 1937. In it, Stothart discusses the problem of how to provide music for historical films and offers as a case study his own score for MGM’s 1936 film Romeo and Juliet.
"A Brilliant New Symphonic Effect"
Authors: Schubert Linda K.
Published: March 2015

This article provides a historical context for this MGM score and a discussion of important primary sources associated with it. It also argues that the score was a contribution to the Early Music movement in the United States—something rarely associated right now with film scores of the 1930s.
Nostalgia, the Silent Cinema, and the Art of Quotation in Herbert Stothart’s Score for The Wizard of Oz (1939)
Authors: Platte Nathan
Published: March 2015

Composed under the direction of Herbert Stothart, the orchestral score to MGM’s The Wizard of Oz (1939) is laden with musical quotations ranging from Kodály to Schumann. While the inclusion of outside musical sources in a film score is not unusual, Stothart elevates this practice to a high level of sophistication. In particular, he incorporates melodies previouslyassociated with silent film musical accompaniment, reinforcing Oz’s nostalgic character by hearkening to an earlier era of film exhibition. In this article I analyze the various implications of this musical nostalgia as they intersect with earlier cinematic practices, the film’s narrative, and Herbert Stothart’s musical aesthetics. In addition to bringing a retrospective quality to the Oz score, Stothart’s quotations interact musically and semantically with the film’s songs, furtherunifying orchestral background score and vocal material.
Philip Hayward, ed. Terror Tracks: Music, Sound and Horror Cinema, London: Equinox, 2009. ISBN: 9781845532024 and Neil Lerner, ed. Music in the Horror Film: Listening to Fear, New York: Routledge, 2010. ISBN: 9780415992039.
Authors: Fonseca Tony
Published: March 2015

Philip Hayward, ed. Terror Tracks: Music, Sound and Horror Cinema London: Equinox, 2009 [xii, 286 p. ISBN: 9781845532024. $29.95 (trade paper)] Genre, Music, and Sound. Music examples, illustrations, tables, endnotes, bibliographies, and index. and Neil Lerner, ed. Music in the Horror Film: Listening to Fear New York: Routledge, 2010 [xii, 240 p. ISBN: 9780415992039. $32.95 (trade paper)] Routledge Music and Screen Media Series. Music examples, illustrations, tables, endnotes, and index.
Advances in Research on Islamic Cordoba
Authors: León Alberto , Murillo Juan Fco
Published: March 2015

The capital of the Andalusian Umayyad state has been traditionally studied on the basis of written sources, including chronicles and palatine texts. In the last decades, however, the archaeology of Umayyad Cordoba has experienced substantial growth as a consequence of large-scale municipal development, which has necessitated numerous salvage excavations and other archaeological interventions. As a result of these activities and, specifically, of joint fieldwork by the University of Cordoba and the Municipal Urban Development Agency, which lasted from 2001 to 2011, it has been possible to study in depth certain aspects of the Islamic city, such as: a) The transition of the city from its late-antique stage, specifically in the area occupied by the Mosque and the Alcazar after the Islamic Conquest; b) The configuration of the islamicized landscape within the mad?na through the analysis of its evolution, from the foundation of munyas and suburban productive spaces to the constitution of suburban quarters; c) The definition and distribution of secondary or “quarter” mosques, baths and maqabirs, product, in many cases, of pious acts through the institution of waqf; d) The characteristics of the suburban quarters, born in the urban growth experienced after the proclamation of the Umayyad Caliphate; e) And, finally, the occupation of the city after the fitna at the beginning of the eleventh century and, particularly, the urban revitalization experienced under the Almohads.
Persian Pulad Production: Chahak Tradition
Authors: Alipour Rahil , Rehen Thilo
Published: March 2015

Crucible steel has fascinated scientists for over a century, but the study of its production is a fairly new field of research. Publications so far focus on archaeological sites from Central Asia (9th–12th centuries CE), India and Sri Lanka (mostly 17th century CE onwards). However, the development and spread of crucible steel-making is yet to be re-constructed to its full extent. It has been long suspected that the origins of this sophisticated technology potentially are to be found in Persia, modern day Iran, yet no archaeological evidence for this has been published so far. Several historical manuscripts provide some information on this technology and relate it to production centres in Persia. This article reports archaeological evidence for Persian crucible steel production, based on the medieval site of Chahak in Central Iran, in the context of selected historical documents. The Chahak crucible fragments have distinctive features that had not been seen elsewhere, while some similarities with Central Asian crucibles are evident. Microstructure and elemental composition of different crucible fragments and slags were determined with optical microscope and SEM-EDS, providing information on the fabric of the crucibles, the slag composition and the metal which was produced by this process. This project attempts to open a new chapter in the study of crucible steel production by introducing the Chahak tradition, comparing it to other Central Asian traditions of production. This may pave the way to track and study the origins of crucible steel production in the broader context of Central and Western Asia.
Introduction to Letters from the Sands
Authors: Lopez Jose C. Carvajal
Published: March 2015

In the inaugural issue of the Journal of Islamic Archaeology our editor, Bethany Walker, opened on a very positive and optimistic note, to which I am happy to subscribe. In that address she also mentioned the forthcoming launch of the blog Letters From the Sands, which is the topic of this short note.
The Functional Riddle of 'Glossy' Canaanean Blades and the Near Eastern Threshing Sledge
Authors: Anderson Patricia C. , Chabot Jacques , Van Gijn Annelou
Published: March 2015

This paper examines aspects of the agricultural activities and network supported by â€˜Canaaneanâ€™ blade segments from Ninevite V sites located principally in Syria and Iraq. Technological and functional analyses of an extensive sample of these tools, alongside experimental and ethnoarchaeological reference data, point to their use as instruments for working cereals, but not a harvesting tool (sickle) as is usually assumed. Our analyses indicate that these blades were standardised inserts used in a special raft-like threshing sledge as described in contemporary cuneiform texts. The functional study was enlarged to include an extensive experimental program that studied harvesting and other agricultural tools. In particular, we analysed all effects of the functioning of reconstructed threshing rafts, armed with reproductions of Canaanean blade segments. Microscopic silica phytolith â€˜sheetsâ€™ from cereal stems, extracted from soil samples taken from structures in various sites, indicated that straw chopped with the instrument was used in large quantities as mudbrick temper, fuel and animal fodder. Experimental studies carried out on blades to examine indicators of the knapping method revealed traces of a special manufacturing techniqueâ€”pressure debitage with a lever and a copper-tipped point, which was identified on standardised Canaanean blades in the northern Mesopotamian sites studied. Our findings suggest that these Canaanean blade segments were produced in northern Mesopotamian workshops and then distributed over the region to equip threshing sledges. This lends support to hypotheses that local centres controlled extensive networks of village sites in the Ninevite V period, and were devoted to the large-scale production, storage and redistribution of agricultural products, possibly in exchange for items such as the specially produced threshing sledge blades.
Building Continuity in the Central Anatolian Neolithic
Authors: Düring Bleda S.
Published: March 2015

The buildings of the Central Anatolian Neolithic, best known from the intensively excavated sites of Çatalhöyük and As?kl? Höyük, possess an impressive degree of continuity, allowing us to trace them through multiple phases of reconstruction and over the course of several centuries. This building continuity has commonly been interpreted as a functionally determined feature and a demonstration of the conservative nature of society, but beyond that it has been seen as a self-evident characteristic that does not warrant further consideration. By contrast this study explores the diachronic development of buildings in the Central Anatolian Neolithic, using evidence from deep sounding 4H/G at As?kl? Höyük and the South Area at Çatalhöyük in order to understand the meaning that building continuity may have had in prehistory. It will be established that functional parameters do not suffice to explain this phenomenon. Applying a biographical approach, two questions in particular are explored: first, whether these buildings have some form of identity that is reproduced through their phases of reconstruction; and, second, whether there is any kind of typical development of buildings over time. The answers to these questions allow us to gain a better understanding of why building continuity was fundamental to society in the Central Anatolian Neolithic.
Prehistoric and Historic Landscape Change in Aragón, Spain
Authors: Wilkinson Keith , Gerrard Christopher , Aguilera Isidro , Bailiff Ian , Pope Richard
Published: March 2015

The Moncayo Archaeological Survey (MAS) was initiated in 2000 to investigate population, economic and environmental change in a study area northwest of Zaragoza in the northeast of Spain. This is an interdisciplinary project which combines landscape archaeology with earth-science methodologies and approaches. Research undertaken during the first four field seasons has concentrated on reconstructing and explaining landscape change, while at the same time cataloguing existing archaeological records and prospecting for previously unknown sites. Two episodes of significant landscape change dating to the Neolithic/Bronze Age and post-medieval period have been identified from the geomorphological record. These are interpreted here as the result of human land-use change: in the prehistoric period from clearance of woodland during the Neolithic and the subsequent expansion of agriculture in the Bronze Age, and in the 19th century from the removal of upland woodland following changes in land ownership and management. Notably, evidence for erosion and deposition was not found for either the Roman or medieval periods when archaeological and historical evidence indicate that local population was at its highest and agriculture at its most intense, nor from the height of the Little Ice Age when climate is thought to have been at its most extreme. Therefore, direct relationships between the intensity of agriculture or climate change and landscape modification are rejected here in favour of a more complex interaction of multiple human and climatic variables. These can only be understood by a combination of high-resolution archaeological survey, geoarchaeological study and chronometric dating.
Past the Last Outpost
Authors: González-Ruibal Alfredo
Published: March 2015

Whereas the Punic presence in the Mediterranean is well-known and there is a large literature dealing with the politics, economy and culture of the Punic colonies and factories, the Phoenician and Punic presence in the Atlantic has received very little attention until recently. In this article, it is argued that, by adopting a post-colonial perspective and by exploring a region that at least partially lay beyond the effective control of Mediterranean sailors, we can obtain a different view both of Punic expansion, and the modes of interaction between foreign merchants and local communities
Towards an Archaeology of Perception
Authors: Letesson Quentin , Vansteenhuyse Klaas
Published: March 2015

Architecture is perhaps one of the most important elements in the archaeology of Bronze Age Crete. It is employed as the archaeologist’s lens through which this society, its members and its social structures are viewed. While there are certain general laws concerning architecture and its relation to society, an approach is advocated here in which the visual perception of the ancient user is considered to be the key to the interpretation of the architecture. The human perception of architecture is significant in the mode of construction and the subsequent contextualization of a building within the social network. This principle is illustrated with a discussion of the visual impact of the palaces within Minoan society, possibly enhancing their monumentality and their ability to function as a stage for various performances.
Ceramic Production and Social Change: Archeometric Analysis of Bronze Age Pottery from Jordan
Authors: Knapp A.B.
Published: March 2015

Sorry, no abstract text available.
Becoming Urban
Authors: Manning Sturt W , Andreou Georgia-Marina , Fisher Kevin D , Gerard-Little Peregrine , Kearns Catherine , Leon Jeffrey F. , Sewell David A , Urban Thomas M
Published: March 2015

The transformations entangled in becoming an urban society are increasingly attracting attention in archaeology, including in the Mediterranean. The place-making entailed in the development of urban settlement represents a fundamental change for a society; it creates over time a new urban mentalité and habitus, such that the urban fabric and place become an active part of social life, and its reproduction. While urbanism does not require the ‘state’, urban settlements form key venues for social, economic and political change leading to the potential development of sedentary early complex polities. For several areas of the world and in multiple periods, there are increasingly sophisticated studies of urbanisation. To date, Cyprus has received relatively little attention—but, as increasingly recognised, urbanisation was central to the island’s rapid change into, and emergence as, a substantial element of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean world. We consider and critique the case of urbanisation on Late Bronze Age Cyprus and highlight its importance to Cypriot and eastern Mediterranean prehistory. We explore in detail one particular case, the Maroni valley area and its Late Bronze Age complex, where relatively detailed information is becoming available from a combination of excavations, pedestrian survey and archaeological geophysics. We argue that only such detailed study allows proper recognition of the nature and anatomy of urban settlements on prehistoric Cyprus; we also argue that the scale (spatial and demographic) of the main Late Bronze Age urban settlements on Cyprus should not be underestimated.
The Root of the Problem
Authors: Mazow Laura B
Published: March 2015

Reconstructions of ancient wool-processing techniques have generally been based on the assumption that lanolin was a by-product of the woolen textile industry. However, both ancient and modern sources point to significant procedural differences between the extraction and recovery of lanolin and the preparation of wool for spinning and weaving. The different conditions necessary to produce spinning wool or to recover lanolin are, in fact, contradictory rather than complementary, and wool working and lanolin production must therefore have been separate, albeit related industries. Recognizing lanolin as produced by boiling wool offers an explanation for a number of difficult-to-understand Linear B references and supports the interpretation of sign *145 (wool/LANA) in perfumed unguent ingredient lists as ‘wool for its lanolin’. It further enables archaeological reconstructions of these technologies and of cross-craft interactions in the Bronze and Iron Ages.
Flint Knapping and the Early Bronze Age I Temple of Megiddo, Israel
Authors: Shimelmitz Ron , Adams Matthew J
Published: March 2015

The Early Bronze (EB) Ib Temple of Megiddo Level J-4, with its complex architecture, marks an important threshold in the development of complex societies that characterized the Early Bronze Age of the Levant. The temple was abandoned at the end of the EB Ib, leaving behind few traces of the activities performed within—the primary remains being deposits of animal bone sacrificial waste found in different localities within the structure and its vicinity. Chipped stone tools and production waste were found together with these and other deposits nearby. Considering the paucity of other finds among the temple’s assemblages, the chipped stone items constitute important evidence for activities within its vicinity, and perhaps its role in relation to the community within which it functioned. The lithic assemblage includes a wide range of tool types and waste indicating that knapping and a variety of activities occurred nearby the temple. The range of activities represented is characteristic of earlier Neolithic and Chalcolithic, as well as Bronze Age, cult buildings in the Mediterranean world. Overall, the architectural and lithic evidence demonstrates that while the Great Temple of J-4 represents major innovations in the organization of cult that will become characteristic of the Bronze Age, there were also certain profane activities associated with the temple, as in other early sacred spaces. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the potential that lithic assemblages have for contributing to the understanding of the dynamic roles of cult buildings in general from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age and how the mundane and sacred commingle.
Archaeology and the Making of Improper Citizens in Modern Greece
Authors: Forbes Hamish
Published: March 2015

This study integrates the dominant archaeological discourse concerning use of the Classical past in defining national identity in Greece with a strand of ethnographic research on Greece’s officially unacknowledged minorities that has not found its way into the archaeological literature on Greece. The first part discusses how the Greek state has tried to deny the existence of ethnic alterities within its boundaries, often punishing those who insist on advertising their non-Greek origins. One of the ways in which Hellenisation has been forced on these groups is via an insistence that ‘true’ Greeks’ origins lie in a Classical past. Those whose origins lie elsewhere have been effectively marginalised. The second part of the study focuses on the Greek-Albanian (Arvanitis) minority. As a case study, two Arvanitic groups are compared, one Peloponnesian and one Boeotian. Boeotian Arvanites have no monumental symbolic capital as a usable past employable within the wider national(istic) discourse. In contrast, the Peloponnesian group has a monument linking them to an alternative (non- Classical) past which they use to advertise their right to be considered ‘proper’ Greek citizens.
Dimensions of Social Hierarchy in Late Bronze Age Cyprus
Authors: Keswani Priscilla Schuster
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the evidence for developments in social complexity accompanying the urbanization process at the Late Bronze Age site of Enkomi in Cyprus. The extent of variability in tomb architecture and assemblages of grave goods suggests that considerable differentiation in wealth and status had developed among the various groups residing at Enkomi at an early date. It is possible to document the presence of elite groups employing distinctive complements of prestige goods and politico-religious symbolism by the late Cypriote IIA period if not sooner. Changes in mortuary practice and elite symbolism towards the end of the Late Cypriote period may reflect a redefinition of the basis of status and political legitimacy as an increasingly complex framework of political and religious institutions emerged.
Hunters-Gatherers of the Levantine Epipalaeolithic
Authors: Kaufman Daniel
Published: March 2015

The archaeological record of the Levantine Epipalaeolithic has generally been interpreted as showing an abrupt and marked change from a system of simple, mobile hunter-gathering to one of sedentary complex foraging. Thus the Natufian is seen to represent a revolutionary break from its immediate predecessors, the Kebaran and Geometric Kebaran are shown not to conform to the small, simple and mobile paradigm and it is possible to document processual change leading to the Natufian. While the Natufian did emerge within a setting of palaeoenvironmental change, it is argued that the origins of this archaeological culture are best explained within a framework of evolving socioecological relationships.
Environmental Exploitation and Social Structure in Prehistoric Southeast Spain
Authors: Ruiz Matilde , Risch Roberto , Marcen Paloma Gonzalez , Castro Pedro , Lull Vicente , Chapman Robert
Published: March 2015

Our main concern is not only to understand past environments and societies, but also to consider the present dramatic aridification process which threatens large parts of the southeast of the Iberian peninsula and North Africa. The introduction of a more technical 'archaeology' in recent years has produced a growing body of palaeo-environmental data. Its interpretation proceeds in a rather mechanical and isolated way, producing monolithic 'histories' of different aspects of the same reality. Our proposal for an archaeological theory is based on three factors which interact to form a totality (termed the socioecological system): the socioeconomic formation, the social exploitation of natural resources and the natural environment. The dialectical relationship between the socioeconomic formation and the natural environment takes place by means of social exploitation. As the empirical evidence in the archaeological record is the result of the interaction of these three factors, we analyse as a case study the eco-archaeological implications of the material record from Gatas, a Bronze Age settlement in southeast Spain.
Round House or Square? Architectural Form and Socio-Economic Organization in the PPNB
Authors: Saidel Benjamin Adam
Published: March 2015

Anticipated mobility, agriculture and increased personal wealth initiated a change in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. This change is made manifest in the transition from curvilinear to rectilinear architecture by the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. It is argued that the combined affect of anticipated mobility, agricultural intensification and craft specialization ultimately changed the mode of production and the social organization within PPNB agricultural villages. The impact of these features upon family structure is seen in the establishment of nuclear households and the use of rectilinear architecture.
Intensive Survey, Traditional Settlement Patterns and Dark Age Crete
Authors: Haggis, Donald C.
Published: March 2015

The Study of Dark Age Greece has lacked both stratigraphic control from excavated settlement sites and substantial survey data, which ideally ought to be the basis for interpretations of the period. The Kavousi area of east Crete is a local environment rich in Dark Age remains which in recent years has been subjected to intensive survey and archaeological excavation. This paper examines 'traditional' (pre-World War II) and Early Iron Age Settlement Patterns in this region. The comparison illustrates the similarity of two settlement systems in the same environment, and suggests that the sparse agricultural land, limited water resources and fragmented topography are local variables that have effected the regional identity of the settlements in both traditional and Dark Age Kavousi. Further, the paper demonstrates the use of survey data in forming hypothesis in examining settlement development in a period traditionally defined by isolated excavated buildings and burial assemblages. The conclusions show the importance of a broad spatial perspective and the examination of topography and regional environment in assessing cultural diversity and social systems in Dark Age Crete.
Making an Impression
Authors: Webb Jennifer M. , Frankel David
Published: March 2015

The twofold redistribution model of staple and wealth finance, developed by D' Altroy and Earle (1985) , has recently been applied to the archaeological record of the Late Cypriot Bronze Age (Keswani 1993). This paper examines an agricultural production and storage centre of the 13th century BC at Analiondas Palioklichia within this framework. It appears to have been a support village established on the igneous-sedimentary interface to mobilize and distribute grain to the mining communities of the interior. The role of such villages in the political economy of the island, and the operational mechanisms employed by local elites within a possibly tithe- or tribute-based system of regional administration and exchange, are examined.
Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist
Authors: Muhly J.D.
Published: March 2015

There is an interesting parallel between the history of radiocarbon dating and the emerging story of lead isotope analysis. Initial euphoria soon gave way to feelings of profound scepticism, distrust and a sense of vindication on the part of more traditional humanistic archaeologists who found in the growing ambiguity over radiocarbon results a confirmation of their basic position that science had no significant role to play in the interpretation of archaeological evidence. The paper by Budd et al. demonstrates all too clearly that the world of archaeometry learned nothing from the checkered history of radiocarbon dating. All the mistakes made in trying to use radiocarbon dates during the 1950s and the 1960s have been repeated in the lead isotope literature published during the 1970s and the 1980s. In both cases field archaeologists have found themselves the willing victims of untoward scientific haste that, in turn, often derived from all too real feelings of scientific arrogance.
Mortuary Archaeology and the Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant
Authors: Hallote Rachel S.
Published: March 2015

This article seeks to understand better the mortuary materials of the Southern Levant in the Middle Bronze Age (MBA). Previous studies of the MBA have investigated burial and settlement remains without differentiation. The mortuary data have therefore never been treated to the sorts of analyses that they require. The approach employed here is based on understanding that funerary artifacts were deposited intentionally, while most other archaeological remains were not. When the intent behind depositions of funerary artifacts is considered, it becomes possible to discuss the shifting priorities and perspectives of the populace. Once this intent is acknowledged, the patterns that emerge from the mortuary remains reveal several new points about the MBA. First, there appears to be a linkage between the placement of burials and ancestor reverence, which underscores the importance of family and clan relations at this time. Secondly, an association between burial location and territorial claims emerges. Finally, a gradual shift in societal priorities becomes visible during the course of the MBA.
Specialized Pottery Production on Bronze Age Cyprus and Pottery Use-wear Analysis
Authors: Dugay Laurinda
Published: March 2015

Cypriot archaeological pottery analysis has been characterized largely by descriptive, classificatory and chronological research. Furthermore, early analyses were biased geographically towards the north of the island and were almost totally reliant on material excavated from tombs. This paper investigates the question of specialized pottery production for funerary internment. The clarification of Prehistoric Bronze Age (c. 2400-1700 BC) pottery production will help elucidate arguments for increasing social complexity which frequently incorporate the specialized production of funerary or ritual pottery. Use-wear analysis is proposed as the most appropriate means of investigating the question of the specialized production of funerary pottery. Red Polished Pottery from cemetery and settlement sites of the Prehistoric Bronze Age in Cyprus is studied and compared for the presence and patterning of use-wear. The results suggest a domestic origin for much of the Red Polished Pottery recovered from Prehistoric Bronze Age tombs, a result that offers a far greater corpus of potential information about society at this period than initially perceived. The implications of these results also affect currently proposed models of pottery production and social behaviour in funerary contexts.
Hierarchies, Heterarchies, and Urbanization Processes: The View from Bronze Age Cyprus
Authors: Keswani Priscilla Schuster
Published: March 2015

Neo-evolutionist models of the rise of civilizations have attracted increasing criticism because the hierarchical, centrally organized politico-economic systems which they posit (i.e. chiefdoms and states) are not always evident in the archaeological record of societies in transition to urbanism or other modes of social complexity. Alternative models based on the concept of hierarchy, or complexity that is not necessarily associated with highly centralized socio-political hierarchies, offer a new way of analyzing and interpreting such cases. In this paper I consider urbanization processes in Late Bronze Age Cyprus, which diverge from the paradigm of hierarchy inasmuch as they seem to have begun in the absence of prior 'chiefdom' societies and culminated in the emergence of a number of autonomous regional polities with a diversity of hierarchical and hierarchical characteristics. I discuss the differing patterns of internal organization which these polities display and explore the possible reasons for those differences, focusing on variations in local settlement histories and geographical or logistical factors such as proximity to important copper resources.
Are British Muslims 'Green'? An Overview of Environmental Activism among Muslims in Britain
Authors: Gilliat-Ray Sophie , Bryant Mark
Published: March 2015

An eight-month research project conducted between 2009 and 2010 examined whether and how the building of gardens reflecting Islamic traditions could promote environmental awareness and the appreciation of Islamic gardening heritage among both Muslims and non-Muslims in Britain. The study found that British Muslims are engaged in a range of projects involving the promotion of environmental conservation and sustainable horticulture. By documenting the formation and activities of Islamic environmental action groups in Britain, as well as a range of initiatives centred on mosques and community centres, it is possible to demonstrate some of the ways in which British Muslims have been engaged in grassroots pro-environmental activity. Such efforts are indicative of an important new sense of agency, belonging, and ownership of local spaces among Muslims in Britain, and they provide a marker for evaluating the growing institutionalisation of Islam in Britain.
Disaster Movies and the ‘Peak Oil’ Movement
Authors: Schneider-Mayerson Matthew
Published: March 2015

Using two large-scale surveys, I argue that the prevalence of apocalyptic popular culture influences apocalyptic beliefs in the United States. I focus especially on Hollywood disaster movies of the 1990s and 2000s, most of which deal with environmental themes, and participants in the ‘peak oil’ movement, a quasi-religious American apocalyptic social movement organized around a vision of energy depletion and social collapse. In these surveys, ‘peakists’ reflect on their relationship with fictional narratives of disaster and destruction. I contend that disaster films influenced major aspects of the ‘peak oil’ ideology, such as the hope for regeneration (or even a better world) as a result of environmental crisis and social collapse; the tendency towards fatalism; and the imagination of social and environmental change as immediate and explosive instead of gradual. This cultural influence is situated in the context of contemporary responses to other environmental issues, such as climate change.
Religion, Ecology, Science, and Wisdom
Authors: Watling Tony
Published: March 2015

Review of: Donald K. Swearer (ed.), Ecology and the Environment: Perspectives from the Humanities (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), ix + 126 pp., $15.95 (cover), ISBN: 978-0-268-03404-7. David Lodge and Christopher Hamlin (eds), Religion and the New Ecology: Environmental Responsibility in a World in Flux (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006), xiii + 325 pp., $40.00 (cover), ISBN: 978-0-945454-43-4. Hubert Meisinger, Willem B. Drees, and Zbigniew Liana (eds), Wisdom or Knowledge? Science, Theology, and Cultural Dynamics (London and New York: T. & T. Clark, 2006), xii + 157 pp., $60.95 (pbk), ISBN: xxxxx.
The Earth as a Treasure in Tibetan Buddhism
Authors: Terrone Antonio
Published: March 2015

In this article I examine conceptions of the environment in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition of Treasure revelation that I propose are founded upon systems of exchange and relationality. Tibetan religious specialists known as Treasure revealers do not simply remove a Treasure from its place; they often leave a ‘replacement Treasure’ intended to appease both the local protective deity believed to be in charge of guarding the Buddhist Treasure and nourishing the local environment. I demonstrate that the logic of Treasure revelation is based on forming an interdependent exchange between humans and the land they inhabit. The source of the Treasure becomes a place deserving respect, protection, and devotion on both religious and ecological levels. I call this phenomenon ‘the ecology of revelation’, and I maintain that this is a fundamental socio-religious ethic characterized by respect for the environment and awareness of humans’ connection to it.
Dalibor Mišina. 2013. Shake, Rattle and Roll: Yugoslav Rock Music and the Poetics of Social Critique
Authors: Baker Catherine
Published: March 2015

Dalibor Mišina. 2013. Shake, Rattle and Roll: Yugoslav Rock Music and the Poetics of Social Critique. Farnham: Ashgate. 258pp. ISBN 978-1-4094-4565-4 (hbk)
Thirty Years of World Music
Authors: Taylor Timothy D
Published: March 2015

This article tracks major developments in world music since the inception of the term in the late 1980s, situating the rise and continued currency of world music as an effect of the most recent phase of globalization in the West, which itself is part of the neoliberal capitalism of the past few decades.
Gregory D. Booth and Bradley Shope, eds. 2013. More than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music
Authors: Menezes Nina
Published: March 2015

Gregory D. Booth and Bradley Shope, eds. 2013. More than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music. New York: Oxford University Press. 384pp. ISBN 978-0-19-992885-9 (pbk)
Spells, Saints, and Streghe: Witchcraft, Folk Magic, and Healing in Italy
Authors: Magliocco Sabina
Published: March 2015

There is a rich body of ethnographic data on folk magical practices and beliefs from Italy, but for the most part Italian American Witches have not drawn from this in recreating their traditions.
Fascist Ecology: The ‘Green Wing’ of the Nazi Party and its Historical Antecedents
Authors: Staudenmaier Peter
Published: March 2015

The experience of the 'green wing' of German fascism is a sobering reminder of the political volatility of ecology.
The Pomegranate Readers' Forum
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2015

Please contribute to our Readers’ Forum so that we may continue to present this valuable venue for the exchange of ideas.

Letters may be edited to conserve space or to avoid repetition. Writers of published letters will have their subscriptions extended
The Nature of the Divine: Transcendence and Immanence in Contemporary Pagan Theology: A Symposium
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2015

This article is an edited version of a discussion which took place in mid-2000 on NATREL, the Nature Religions Scholars’ email list
WICCAN ROOTS: GERALD GARDNER AND THE MODERN WICCAN REVIVAL
Authors: Wood Juliette
Published: March 2015

WICCAN ROOTS: GERALD GARDNER AND THE MODERN

WICCAN REVIVAL

by Philip Heselton. Capal Bann

Publishing: Chieveley Berks, 2000

ISBN 186163 1103. £14.9
BOOK REVIEW: WITCHCRAFT AND MAGIC IN EUROPE: ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
Authors: Kramer-Rolls Dana
Published: March 2015

With the first volume on Biblical and Pagan Societies still forthcoming, the series begins with Ancient Greece and Rome. In “Binding Spells: Curse Tablets and Voodoo Dolls,” the first contributor, Daniel Ogden, University of Wales, Swansea, reviews the over 1,600 clay, wood and lead tablet and “voodoo dolls” (an unfortunate term left over from a less enlightened age) which

were made to curse, petition and protect
Death Under Special Circumstances: An Exploration
Authors: Samul Leah
Published: March 2015

Another suggestion… would be for the community, comprised of friends and family, to have a ritual of thanksgiving that honors the danger these people willingly accept in order to safeguard the community.
THE GODDESS AND THE ALPHABET: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN WORD AND IMAGE
Authors: Hayden Brian
Published: March 2015

THE GODDESS AND THE ALPHABET: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN WORD AND IMAGE by Leonard Shlain

Princeton UP, 1983. xii + 154. pp.

Two Appendices. Index. Selected

Bibliography. ISBN 0-691-03131-2
WITCH WARS: Factors Contributing to Conflict in Canadian Neopagan Communities
Authors: Reid Sian
Published: March 2015

A witch war permeates and polarises the ocmmunity to such an extent that community participants are left with two choices: either to choose a side, or to withdraw from participation in the community.
Contested Meanings: Earth Religion Practitioners and the Everyday
Authors: Blain Jenny
Published: March 2015

In many ‘traditional’ cultures, religion and magic

are not easily separated from people’s everyday

existence. Today, an increasing number of people

within North America are drawn to some form of

earth-centred spirituality, whether as solitary

practitioners or members of Neopagan circles,

Wicca covens, Heathen kindreds or Druid groves.

For many of these people, religion and spirituality

do not form a closed category of their experience:

they inform, and are formed by, events of their

lives as distinct or diverse as childbirth, gardening, social protest, sexual expression, and everyday

occupations of work and leisure
Psychotherapist and Wiccan Clergy: The Ethics of a Dual Relationship
Authors: Friedman Ellen C
Published: March 2015

Wiccan clergy psychotherapists encounter

complex ethical dilemmas due to dual roles. In

an attempt to understand the extreme complexity

of the multiple roles, this discourse begins with

an examination of current ethical codes of the

professional societies. Recent literature related to

dual relationships in rural and small

communities is surveyed, as well as decisionmaking models effective in these situations.

Common ethical complexities experienced by

clergy psychotherapists are reviewed. Informal

communication with Wiccan clergy

psychotherapists confirms the multidimensional

nature of the ethics. Options for Wiccan clergy

psychotherapists are considere
‘The Terror of Unseen Things’: Saki and the fin-de-siècle Pagan Revival
Authors: Freeman Nick
Published: March 2015

Saki grew up in a place in which the daily doings of the world were not always determined by the laws of science or the orthodoxies of the Anglican church.
Modernity, Magickal Cosmologies and Science: A New Cauldron for a New Age?
Authors: Green Dave
Published: March 2015

Chaos magic, alternatively known as chaoism, is a radical, libertarian form of magick which appears to have the most overt scientific content in terms of cosmological understanding and magickal practice.
Blót on the Landscape: Re-reading Pope Gregory’s Letter on the Heathen Temple
Authors: Harte Jeremy
Published: March 2015

Pope Gregory’s letter written to Abbot Mellitus in the year 601 is often cited as evidence for the widespread Christianisation

of pagan British monuments. Jeremy Harte examines this celebrated text and reviews its impact on modern notions of site continuity
Frey, God of the World
Authors: Sheffield Ann Gróa
Published: March 2015

Early scholars sought fertility gods in every pantheon, but I believe that the limited "fertility god" concept now contributes to a distorted view of Frey.
The Many Faces of Kali
Authors: Nelson David
Published: March 2015

… as manifestations of the divine creative ideation, we are created in the divine image. At the same time, we carry that same creative consciousness within and use it to create our own images of divinity according to our needs or understanding