bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A watershed-scale impact assessment on a second-generation transgenic soybean yield due to climate change
Authors: Romagnoli Martín , Bulacio Enrique Montero , Portapila Margarita
Published: August 2024

Global estimates suggest that climate change will lead to significant crop yield losses, mainly caused by drought and heat stress. Second-generation transgenic crops are expected to alleviate these constraints. HaHB4-soybean is a second-generation transgenic crop tolerant to high temperatures and dry growing conditions created in Argentina carrying the sunflower HaHB4 gene. In this study, the Soil andWater Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate the potential impacts of climate change on the HaHB4-soybean yield in the Carcarañá River Lower Basin (CRLB) by considering two greenhouse emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5) projected by four Global Circulation Models for two future 18-year periods (near future, 2022-2039, and far future, 2082-2099). Synthetic HaHB4-soybean yield data were generated for the baseline period (1998-2015) using the calibrated CROPGRO-soybean model. This dataset was considered for calibration and validation of HaHB4-soybean yield in SWAT.
The results indicate that average annual runoff, soil water content, and percolation increased by 90%-214%, 0.7%-24%, and 69%-270%, respectively, under the climate change scenarios compared to the baseline period. Thus, a higher frequency of severe flooding and an increase in the amount of water that recharges the aquifer should be expected in the CRLB for the rest of the 21st century. Our findings suggest that climate change will positively impact HaHB4-soybean yields under both RCP scenarios. The percentage change of the average annual HaHB4-soybean yield at the basin scale ranged from 2.8%-28% relative to the baseline period. These increments could be associated with a combined effect of increased rainfall and CO2 concentration plus the tolerance of HaHB4-soybean to higher temperatures. In terms of spatial distribution, the positive impact of climate change on HaHB4-soybean yield was found to be more significant in the upper (southwest) than in the middle-lower (northeast) region of the CRLB.
Epidemiology of Overweight in Under-Five Children in India: Insights from National Family Health Survey
Authors: Manapurath Rukman , Chowdhury Ranadip , taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita , Strand Tor
Published: August 2024

Childhood overweight is not only an immediate health concern due to its implications but also significantly increases the risk of persistent obesity and consequently cardiovascular diseases in the future, posing a serious threat to public health. The objective of this study was to examine the trends and associated factors of childhood overweight in India, using nationally representative data from three rounds of the National Family Health Survey. For the primary analysis, we used data from 199,375 children aged 0 - 59 months from NFHS-5. Overweight was defined as Body mass index-for-age Z (BMI Z) score >+2 SD above the World Health Organization growth standards median. We compared the prevalence estimates of childhood overweight with NFHS-3 and NFHS-4. Potential risk factors were identified through multiple logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of overweight increased from 1·9% in NFHS-3 to 4·0% in NFHS-5, a trend seen across most states and union territories, with the Northeast region showing the highest prevalence. The BMI Z-score distributions from the latest two surveys indicated that the increase in overweight was substantially larger than the decrease in underweight. The consistent upward trend in the prevalence across different demographic groups raises important public health concerns. While undernutrition rates have remained relatively stable, there has been a noticeable rise in the incidence of overweight during the same time frame. The increasing trend of overweight among children in India calls for immediate action.
Friction dynamics: Fluctuations in sliding distance and force
Authors: Xu Ruibin , Zhou Feng , Persson B. N. J.
Published: August 2024

We investigated the fluctuations (noise) in the positions and friction forces of rectangular blocks, made from rubber or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), sliding on various substrates under constant driving forces. The experimental results are compared to simulations and analytical results using simple models for the interaction between the solids at the sliding interface. In particular, we use spring-block and asperity-force models, and an analytical wear-particle model. In the spring-block model, small (mini) blocks, representing the asperity contact regions, are connected by viscoelastic springs to a larger block. The miniblocks interact with the substrate with forces that fluctuate randomly in time and magnitude. The wear particle model considers the irregular motion of different-sized wear particles at the interface. The spring-block and wear-particle models predict displacement and force power spectra which, in wide frequency regions, are power-laws, with exponents in agreement with the experiments. The asperity-force model assumes a sliding block with a smooth surface and a randomly rough substrate. In this case the force on the big block results from fluctuations in the number and the size of asperity contact regions. This model gives power spectra that disagree with experimental observations.
Predicting the distribution of Ixodes ricinus in Europe: Integrating microclimatic factors into ecological niche models
Authors: Kuyucu Arda Cem , Hekimoglu Olcay
Published: August 2024

Ixodes ricinus, commonly known as the castor bean tick and sheep tick, is a significant vector of various diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis. Due to climate change, the distribution and activity of I. ricinus are expected to increase, leading to a rise in diseases transmitted by this species. Most of the distribution models and ecological niche models utilize macroclimate datasets such as Worldclim or CHELSA in order to map the distribution of disease transmitting ticks. However, microclimatic factors are crucial for the activity and survival of small arthropods. In this study, an ecological niche modeling approach was followed in order to assess the climatic suitability of I. ricinus using both microclimatic and macroclimatic parameters. A Microclimate model was built combining parameters from Soiltemp and Wordclim databases while a Macroclimate model was built with the CHELSA dataset. Also future suitabilities were projected using the Macroclimate model under SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios. Both Macroclimate and Microclimate models showed similar distributions, confirming the current distribution of I. ricinus. The most important climatic factors were seasonality, annual temperature range, humidity and precipitation. Future projections suggest a significant expansion in northern and eastern Europe with notable declines in southern regions.
Radiologic Evaluation of Developmental Anomalies of The Odontoid Process: a Cone-beam-compated Tomography Study
Authors: ÇAM Kübra , ZENGİN Ayşe Zeynep
Published: August 2024

Background: The odontoid process is an anchoring pivot for the craniovertebral junction and has many congenital anomalies. Ossiculum terminale persistans (OTP) and os odontoideum (OO) are believed to be raredevelopmental anomalies of the odontoid process. The OTP is defined as an ossification center that gives rise to the tip of the dens failing to fuse properly with the body of the axis. OO is described as an oval-shaped, well-corticated bony ossicle that is positioned cephalad to the body of the axis. Both of these conditions may cause neurological signs and atlantoaxial instability.
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of developmental anomalies of the odontoid process on tomographic images and to assess the presence of atlantoaxial instability.
Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 1950 patients were evaluated. Radiologically, developmental anomalies were identified. Only OTP and OO were distinguished, and the dimensions of extra ossicles, extraossicle-dental interval (EDI), anterior atlanto-dental interval (AADI), posterior atlanto-dental interval (PADI), difference between lateral atlanto-dens intervals (LADI), basion-dens interval (BDI), and atlanto-occipital joint angle (AOJA) were assessed. Measurements were performed in 1 mm thick slices by using the “distance toolbar” feature of the CBCT tool in sagittal, coronal and axial images.
Results: Fourteen patients (0.7%) exhibited developmental anomalies of the odontoid process. OTP was found in ten (0.5%) patients, and OO was observed in four (0.2%) patients. Radiologic measurements of OTP and OO for craniocervical relationships were not different from normal previously accepted data,and atlantoaxial instability was not detected.
Conclusion: Developmental anomalies of the odontoid process were rare on large-FOV CBCT images. Dentomaxillofacial radiologists should be able to identify these anomalies, especially for atlantoaxial instability,and point them out in their reports.
Implicaciones epistemológicas, ontológicas y axiológicas derivadas de la relación ciencia y tecnología
Authors: Hernández Mora Luis Humberto , Rengifo Castañeda Carlos Adolfo , Solís Cuenú Favio
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo da cuenta de algunas implicaciones epistemológicas, ontológicas y axiológicas derivadas de la relación ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en la configuración de un mundo artificial, conocido como tecnósfera, que se origina en un complejo proceso de transformación ocurrido en la biósfera. Para tal efecto, primero se argumenta que la mejor forma de dar razón de la complejidad de este fenómeno tecnocientífico (Niiniluoto, 1997a) y de la pluralidad de problemas derivados de esta relación radica en considerarlo un sistema compuesto por partes que, al vincularse, se comportan como una unidad (Bunge, 2002). Segundo, se evidencian los sutiles lazos entre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Tercero, se explica dicho sistema en la perspectiva del realismo científico de Agazzi (1978, 2019).
Un enfoque sistémico de la bioética del medioambiente y la complejidad
Authors: Velázquez Lourdes , Agazzi Evandro
Published: August 2024

La teoría general de sistemas ofrece un marco conceptual y metodológico para integrar consideraciones bioéticas en la toma de decisiones ambientales y ecológicas, enmarcando clara y eficazmente muchos problemas y situaciones que suelen presentarse utilizando el lenguaje ordinario. Un sistema es una entidad estructurada internamente que se caracteriza por algunas propiedades y funciones específicas. Esta unidad se relaciona con varias de sus partes que también son sistemas y son, por tanto, sus subsistemas. A su vez, cada sistema es parte (es decir, subsistema) de sistemas de orden superior. Todos estos sistemas y subsistemas están relacionados entre sí de tal manera que cada uno se caracteriza por sus propiedades específicas, que, además, resultan de las correlaciones que los unen a sus subsistemas y sistemas de orden superior. Dentro de esta arquitectura general se inscriben fácilmente conceptos como entorno y complejidad, así como emergencia, con todos los problemas relativos a los límites de las posibilidades de predicción mostrando que los enfoques deterministas tradicionales en la ciencia son insuficientes para manejar tal complejidad. El artículo aborda los desafíos que plantea la impredecibilidad en los sistemas complejos, criticando las visiones fatalistas que aceptan de manera optimista o pesimista la naturaleza incontrolable de los desarrollos tecnológicos y ecológicos. Es precisamente la impredecibilidad de un sistema complejo como el entorno lo que requiere una dimensión bioética para guiar los valores que subyacen a nuestra toma de decisiones respecto a la vida misma.
Reducciones eliminativas y la reducción de la mecánica del choque prenewtoniana a la mecánica clásica
Authors: O'Lery María de las Mercedes
Published: August 2024

En el presente trabajo, se reflexiona en torno al concepto de reducción eliminativa propuesto para las teorías físicas (Gutschmidt, 2014). El propósito es defender que la caracterización formal de la reducción interteórica propuesta por la concepción estructuralista muestra ventajas elucidatorias respecto de los análisis clásicos, pero aún mantiene una limitación al momento de capturar un rasgo eliminativo presente en algunos casos de reducción interteórica. Para ello, se utiliza el análisis del caso concreto de la reducción de la mecánica del choque prenewtoniana a la mecánica clásica. Este ejemplo de reducción ha sido ampliamente estudiado por la concepción estructuralista e ilustra un rasgo eliminativo que no logra capturarse en las reconstrucciones propuestas.
¿El temor a que las máquinas lleguen a dominarnos está bien fundamentado filosóficamente?
Authors: Flórez Quintero Daian Tatiana , García Duque Carlos Emilio
Published: August 2024

En este trabajo analizamos críticamente algunos escenarios de ficción que apoyan la tesis de que, eventualmente, las máquinas alcanzarán el dominio total del mundo, incluidos los seres humanos, y desarrollamos los argumentos que combaten dicha tesis. Para tal fin, dividimos el artículo en cuatro partes. En la primera, adelantamos un ejercicio de clarificación conceptual de los términos decisivos para la discusión, entre ellos, “posibilidad empírica”, “posibilidad lógica”, “máquina” y “dominación”. En la segunda, discutimos los argumentos más populares en el cine y la novela de ficción, en particular, el argumento de la evidencia abrumadora, el cual supuestamente muestra que las máquinas ya nos dominan. En la tercera, y a modo de réplica a estos argumentos, presentamos una síntesis de las principales razones que apoyan la tesis de la imposibilidad empírica de que las máquinas lleguen a controlarnos. Finalmente, formulamos el argumento de la inconsistencia lógica y epistémica o el escenario del gobierno de las máquinas en el Kepler 452b y demostramos que el temor a que las máquinas dominen al mundo no está bien fundamentado filosóficamente.
Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler. (Combretaceae)
Authors: S. Monção Filho Evaldo , S. Farias Ruth Raquel , N. Souza João Sammy , D. L. Campos Carmem , A. Monteiro Cristina , Leandro F. Ferreira Éverton , T. Pupo Mônica , Helena Chaves Mariana , M. Vieira Júnior Gerardo
Published: August 2024

Compared to other species, components of Combretum lanceolatum are still with few data reported in the literature. This work describes the compounds identification, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. lanceolatum twigs. Ethanolic extract (EECLT) from C. lanceolatum twigs was submitted to partition obtaining: hexane (HF), diethyl ether (EEF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanolic (HMF) fractions. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and direct insertion mass spectrometry and evaluated for antioxidant assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) and antimicrobial assay. Fifty-seven compounds were identified in the fractions. In antioxidant assay, EECLT and EAF demonstrated good antioxidant potential (half maximal effective concentration (EC50): 57.9 and 45.4 µg mL–1, respectively), better than the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (EC50: 69.34 µg mL–1). For antimicrobial assay, all fractions presented promising minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). EECLT presented the best values against Staphylococcus aureus (125 µg mL–1) and Escherichia coli (62.5 µg mL–1) and better than the positive control fluconazole (8 and 16 µg mL–1) against Candida albicans (3.9 µg mL–1) and Candida krusei (15.6 µg mL–1) strains. This study presents relevant chemical and biological information about C. lanceloatum expanding the knowledge of Brazilian flora.
Ftalosiyaninin Benzinli Motor Performansı ve Emisyonlar Üzerine Etkilerinin Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması
Authors: Yakın Ahmet , Uçkan İrfan , Cabir Beyza
Published: August 2024

Fosil yakıtların yanmasından kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonlarının neden olduğu küresel ısınmanın ve bu yakıtların sınırlı doğasının farkına varılması, otomotiv mühendislerini alternatif enerji kaynaklarını ve araç tasarımlarını keşfetmeye yöneltmiştir. Hibrit ve elektrikli araçların (HEV'ler ve EV'ler) benimsenmesi artarken, içten yanmalı motorlu (İYM) araçlar yaygınlığını korumaktadır. İYM' lerle ilgili çevresel kaygıları gidermek için bilim insanları, fosil yakıtlara bağımlılığı daha da azaltmak için hidrojen yakıt hücreli elektrikli araçlar (FCEV'ler) ve bataryalı elektrikli araçlar (BEV'ler) gibi tamamen yeni araç tasarımlarına yönelik araştırmalara devam etmektedirler. Ayrıca günümüz araçlarında kullanılan motorların, motor verimliliğini artırmak ve emisyonları en aza indirmek için potansiyel çözümler olarak nano yakıtların ve yakıt katkı maddelerinin kullanımını araştırmaktadırlar. Benzin-ftalosiyanin karışımlarının içten yanmalı benzinli bir motordaki performans ve emisyonlarını değerlendirmek için deneysel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. FS7.5 (hacimsel olarak %92.5 benzin %7.5 ftalosiyanin), FS12.5 (hacimsel olarak %87.5 benzin %12.5 ftalosiyanin), FS17.5 (hacimsel olarak %82.5 benzin %17.5 ftalosiyanin) hazırlanmış ve daha sonra motorda değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışma sonuçlarına göre, benzin yakıtına kıyasla F17.5 karışım yakıtı kullanıldığında motor momenti %1.38 ve motor gücü %1.64 oranında artmıştır. Buna karşın, FS7.5 karışım yakıtı CO emisyonunda %55.89 oranında bir düşüşe yol açmıştır. FS17.5 karışım yakıtı ise egzoz gaz sıcaklığında %2.27 oranında bir azalma yaratırken, tüm karışım yakıtlarının HC, CO2 ve NOx emisyonlarında artış gözlenmiştir. Özgül yakıt tüketimleri ise FS7.5, FS12.5 ve FS17.5 karışım yakıtları için sırasıyla %5.51, %4.23 ve %2.83 oranlarında azalmıştır.
Şehir İçi Yolcu Taşımacılığında Elektrikli Araçlara Geçiş Sürecinin Teknik, Ekonomik ve Çevresel Yönlerden İncelenmesi: Diyarbakır Örneği
Authors: Aydın Ferhat , Öztürk Dursun
Published: August 2024

Günümüz dünyasında enerji kavramı tarihte olmadığı kadar önem kazanmıştır. Bunun birçok sebebi olmakla beraber hızlı nüfus artışı ve gelişen teknolojinin insanların konfor seviyesini yükseltmesi ilk sayılacak sebeplerdendir. Gelişen teknoloji ile beraber şehirleşme kavramı da farklı bir boyut kazanmış ve kırsal nüfusun şehirlere göçü hızlanmıştır. Tüm bu gelişmeler var olan geleneksel enerji kaynaklarının ihtiyacı karşılamaması tehlikesini doğurmuştur. Ayrıca geleneksel kaynakların çevresel bakımdan olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Temiz ve sürdürülebilir enerji arzını sağlamak için yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelim bir tercihten çok zorunluluk haline gelmiştir.
Şehir içi yolcu taşımacılığı şehir hayatının vazgeçilmez bir unsuru haline gelmiştir. Bununla beraber mevcutta kullanılan araçların yaydığı CO2 gazı çevreye zarar vermektedir. Bu çalışma, Diyarbakır ilindeki şehir içi taşımacılıkta kullanılan dizel ve doğal gazlı araçların sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmak amacıyla elektrikli araçlara (EA) geçiş sürecini ele almaktadır. Mevcutta kullanılan 933 aracın tamamının EA’lara çevrilmesi durumunda bu araçların enerji ihtiyacını karşılayacak yenilenebilir enerji tabanlı bir mikro şebeke tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan şebekenin NPC değeri 47.77 milyon $, mevcut araçların bir yıllık yakıt gideri ise 24.83 milyon $ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerler tasarlanan sistemin birkaç yıllık yakıt bedeli ile kendini amorti edeceğini göstermektedir. Ekonomik analizin yanında çevresel etki analizi de gerçekleştirilerek tasarlanan şebekenin yıllık CO2 emisyon değerinin (14,137 ton/yıl) mevcut araçların yıllık CO2 emisyon değerine kıyasla (45,540 ton/yıl) üçte birinden daha az olacağı ortaya konulmuştur.
Ranking The Performance Of Real Estate Companies Listed On Borsa Istanbul Using Neutrosophic AHP And TOPSIS Methods
Authors: Özkan Alkan , Ocak Nurettin
Published: August 2024

In many areas of life, uncertainties exist, and decisions under these uncertainties require mathematical data. This study evaluates the investment suitability of real estate companies listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) by integrating neutrosophic sets with AHP and TOPSIS methods. The aim is to help investors minimize risks and make optimal decisions in highly uncertain environments. The study defines neutrosophic sets and presents an integrated neutrosophic AHP and TOPSIS model. The past performance of BIST-listed real estate companies was analyzed for investment suitability. Three stock market analysts indicated the importance of various criteria and expressed company statuses using verbal terms, which were converted into neutrosophic scores. Criteria importance weights were calculated with neutrosophic AHP, and company statuses were evaluated with neutrosophic TOPSIS, resulting in a ranking of companies. The study's uniqueness lies in significantly accounting for uncertainty to minimize risks, allowing decision-makers to use unrestricted verbal expressions for uncertainty. This method considers external factors crucial to the stock market, offering a new approach to minimize risks from uncertainties.
Allusion and Its Functions in Distributed Cognition Theory in the English Language and Speech
Authors: Kovalenko E. N. , Larionova T. V.
Published: August 2024

Cognitive studies describe explicit and implicit means of revealing cognitive and linguistic skills. Allusions play a particular role in distributed cognition in language and speech. This research featured the cognitive potential of linguistic allusion in line with the theory of distributed cognition. The authors used the methods of conceptual and contextual analyses to clarify the main research concepts, describe allusion as a cognitive phenomenon, and define its functions. The article covers such issues as the interaction between the speaker and the language within the linguistic eco-system, the concepts of linguistic ecology and ecological linguistics, and the biological approach in linguistics. Allusion appeared to have constitutive and verifying functions. The constitutive function arranged discourse by correlating the information given by the respondent with the additional meanings that occur in the process of communication. The verifying function provided the accuracy of perception. These functions made it possible to use allusion to describe distributed cognition in speech as consisting of three stages: evaluation, correlation, and interaction.
Integral inflow and outflow model and its applications
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Balykina Yulia E. , Zakharov Victor V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

The article describes a general integral model of the inflow and outflow of a dynamic system, the parameters of which are stochastic in nature. For this type of dynamic systems, the general principle of dynamic balance is formulated, and the concepts of interval dynamic balance of integral volumes of inflow and outflow as well as the concept of dynamic balance characteristic are introduced. The class of stochastic dynamic processes and systems of inflow and outflow that satisfy the principle of dynamic balance is quite wide (the spread of viral epidemics and the dynamics of morbidity in medicine, processes of changes in the size and structure of the population in demography, the dynamics of supply and demand in the economy, etc.). The possibilities of using the proposed model for constructing short-term and long-term forecasts are demonstrated using examples of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, as well as using the example of forecasting the growth of the Earth population and population of countries. The results of computational experiments on constructing retrospective forecasts of the state of dynamic systems using the method of dynamic trends of stochastic parameters of the integral model and using the classical ARIMA method are presented. A comparative analysis of forecasting accuracy is provided.
The maximum entropy principle in decision theory
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences — Hi Tech Research and Development Office Ltd, Prokaev Aleksandr N.
Published: August 2024

Traditionally, the principle of maximum entropy is used to find unknown distribution of random variables. In decision theory, this principle is used primarily in situations of uncertainty regarding the probability distribution of hypotheses about the “state of the environment”, where the environment is understood as a set of parameters that influence the result of the decision made. This paper considers the use of the principle of maximum entropy for a different purpose, namely for the purpose of optimal distribution of resources of various types. A proof of theorems is given that make it possible to create algorithms for solving various problems of resource allocation based on the principle of maximum entropy, as well as examples of solving demonstrative problems.
The non-classical optimality condition in the hybrid control problem of hyperbolic and ordinary differential equations with delay
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Arguchintsev Alexander V. , Poplevko Vasilisa P. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider an optimal control problem for a system of linear first-order hyperbolic equations in which the inhomogeneity in the right-hand side is determined from the controlled linear system of ordinary differential equations with constant delay. The coefficient matrix at phase variables in the system of ordinary differential equations depends on the control function. The cost functional is linear. On the basis of the exact increment formula (without remainder terms) of the cost functional, the problem is reduced to the optimal control problem of a system of ordinary differential equations. The result is formulated in the form of a non-classical variational optimality condition. The proposed problem reduction significantly reduces the amount of calculations when using numerical optimization methods. An illustrative example is given.
Dynamic decision-making under uncertainty: Bayesian learning in environmental game theory
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zhou Jiangjing , Petrosian Ovanes L. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Gao Hongwei ,   Qingdao University
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the issue of pollution control dynamic games defined over a finite time horizon, with a particular focus on parameter uncertainty within the ecosystem. We employ a dynamic Bayesian learning method to estimate uncertain parameters in the dynamic equation, differing from traditional single-instance Bayesian learning which does not involve continuous signal reception and belief updating. Our study validates the effectiveness of the dynamic Bayesian learning approach, demonstrating that, over time, the beliefs of the players progressively converge towards the true values of the unknown parameters. Through numerical simulations, we illustrate the convergence process of beliefs and compare optimal control strategies under different scenarios. The findings of this paper offer a new perspective for understanding and addressing the uncertainties in pollution control problems.
Controlling the orbital motion of the spacecraft near the libration point by changing the solar sail reflectivity
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shmyrov Alexander S. , Shmyrov Vasiliy A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Shymanchuk Dmitry V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

The article considers the strategy of keeping the spacecraft in the vicinity of the unstable Lagrange point (libration point) of the Sun — Earth system. This strategy involves the use of special management. This control acts collinearly to the Sun — Earth line and ensures Lyapunov stability of the orbital motion. The implementation of such control is proposed using a solar sail. The advantages and difficulties of such a strategy are discussed.
Application of miniaturized most probable number method for bacterial detection in water samples: detection of multi-drug-resistant Ralstonia insidiosa in drinking water
Authors: Ilsan Noor Andryan , Nurfajriah Siti , Inggraini Maulin , Krishanti Ni Putu Ratna Ayu , Yunita Melda , Sipriyadi  , Anindita Reza , Huang Tzu-Wen
Published: August 2024

The detection of bacterial contamination in drinking water is essential for monitoring the spread of foodborne diseases. We developed a simple, portable, and low-cost method of mini most probable number (mini MPN) to semi-enumerate bacterial suspension in water as a drinking water analogue. In this study, there is no significant difference between mini MPN and the standard method, technique plate count (TPC), at 10 and 100 CFU/ml Klebsiella pneumoniae suspension with a P-value of 0.28. For the ease-of-use aspect of this method, we tested several variables to prove it can be mass-applied in society. The usage of a sterile-plastic pipette, sample inoculation conducted in a biosafety cabinet (BSC), the usage of a 3-month storage medium, and incubation temperature conducted at room temperature compared to aseptic standard laboratory technique showed P-value > 0.05. In a trial for this method, we used commercialized drinking water for bacterial enumeration and characterization. We found multi-drug resistant (MDR) Ralstonia insidiosa which was resistant to at least four antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporin, and carbapenem. Vitek 2 Compact was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A virulence test in Omphisa fuscidentalis larvae showed R. insidiosa strain D had a low virulence.
Use of tyrosinase nanobiosensor for detection of atrazine and simazine and its application in real water samples
Authors: Ballen Sandra Cristina , Machado Eliel Pereita , Da Silva Diego Maroso , Steffens Clarice , Steffens Juliana
Published: August 2024

This study presents the development and characterization of cantilever nanobiosensors functionalized with the tyrosinase enzyme (0.05–0.001%) for the detection of atrazine and simazine in water. The optimization of tyrosinase activity through precise immobilization and sensitive layer adjustments was evaluated. Topographical analysis revealed the successful immobilization of the tyrosinase enzyme using the self-assembled monolayer technique, enhancing sensor sensitivity. Upon comparing the enzyme concentrations, it was found that the 0.006% exhibited remarkable results, including a limit of detection (LOD = 0.0080 ppb) and a limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.0267 ppb), along with enhanced storage stability for 15 days for atrazine detection. For simazine, the nanobiosensor exhibited high sensitivity (8.1532 nm/ppb) and LOD (0.0117 ppb). They demonstrated excellent reversibility (99%) over six cycles and selectivity against interfering pesticides commonly found in agricultural environments, indicating their suitability for complex sample matrices. Real water samples met regulatory standards for atrazine levels, further validating the efficacy of the nanobiosensors in detecting pesticide contamination. The enzymatic nanobiosensor achieved recoveries ranging from 97 to 101%, indicating high reproducibility. These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed nanobiosensors for sensitive and reliable pesticide detection in environmental monitoring, with implications for future applications.
Associated Factors of Sexual Initiation among Male Vocational High School Students in Zhejiang Province, China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Yang Zhongrong , Wang Hui , Huang Yu , Chen Weiyong
Published: August 2024

Aims:

This study aims to investigate the factors associated with sexual initiation
among male vocational high school students (MVHSS) in Zhejiang Province, and provide a scientific
basis for preventing unsafe sexual behavior and sexual health issues among adolescents.

Background:

The prevalence of sexual behavior among young students has risen significantly in
recent years. Contracting HIV poses a serious physical and psychological burden on young individuals
and their families. Thus, it is imperative to promptly and effectively address the spread of
HIV among young people.

Objective:

The objectives of this study are to investigate the demographic characteristics of male
vocational high school students (MVHSS) who have engaged in sexual activity and to identify associated
factors, such as sexual attitudes and lifestyle, that may influence sexual initiation among
this population, and to offer recommendations for interventions and policy development aimed at
promoting healthy sexual behaviors among MVHSS.

Methods:

A survey was conducted among vocational high school students in grades one and two
in Zhejiang Province. Variables that were statistically significantly associated with sexual initiation
in bivariate analyses were included in a multivariate logistic regression model, which adopted
a backward elimination procedure with a p-value > 0.10 as the exclusion criterion. Odds ratios
(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to describe the relationship between dependent
and outcome variables.

Results:

Of the 1032 male participants, 17.4% had initiated sexual behavior. The multivariate analysis
results indicated thatThose who were frequent smokers (adjusted OR[AOR] =4.89, 95% CI:
2.36–10.13), those who reported having been in love (AOR=2.86, 95% CI: 1.84–4.44), those currently
in love (AOR=4.47, 95% CI: 2.68–7.45), those willing to have sex with a high school student
(AOR =2.63, 95% CI: 3.31–6.50), those willing to pay for sex (AOR =1.90, 95% CI:
1.10–3.27), and those who had received sex education and STDs/AIDS prevention education in
school (AOR =2.21, 95% CI: 1.53–3.18) were more likely to initiate sexual behavior.

Conclusion:

Sexual attitudes among MVHSS are liberal, and the prevalence of sexual initiation is
high. Interventions targeted at improving sexual safety education, reducing the rate of early initiation
of sexual behavior, and promoting condom use among students must be implemented to reduce
the risk of HIV infections and STDs among sexually active MVHSS.
A Bibliometric Study from 1992 to 2023 on the Relationship between Biological Clock and Diabetes
Authors: Zhong Dayuan , Cheng Hui , Li Huanjie , Kong Xiangbo
Published: August 2024

Aims:

A bibliometric study was conducted to gain deeper insights into the current state
of research on diabetes and the biological clock (BC).

Methods:

The study involved a comprehensive search for literature related to diabetes and BC
published between 1992 and 2023 in the Web of Science database.

Results:

Ninety-five articles were published in 65 journals, with six of these journals not included
in the Journal Citation Reports as of 2022. Among the remaining 59 journals, 10 had an impact
factor (IF) greater than 10, and 21 had an IF greater than 5. Twenty-nine journals belonged to
Quartile 1, while 16 journals were part of Quartile 2. The articles were contributed by researchers
from 22 countries, with the Netherlands and the USA being the most prolific contributors. However,
the total number of citations for articles from the USA was significantly higher than that of the
Netherlands. The co-occurrence analysis of title and abstract keywords primarily focused on investigating
the mechanisms of BC. Regarding author keywords and keyword-plus, the co-occurrence
analysis centered around diabetes and BC. International collaboration was prominent among
developed countries, with the Netherlands, the USA, and France being major participants. Institution-
wise cooperation primarily occurred between two research institutions in the Netherlands. In
total, the 95 articles received 5,157 citations, averaging 54.28 citations per article.

Conclusion:

To foster advancements in this area, more attention and international cooperation are
necessary. Emphasizing collaborative efforts can drive the development of novel approaches to
manage diabetes and regulate blood glucose levels effectively.
Unmasking Deception Harnessing Noise Cancellation for Digital Image
Forgery Detection Using Feature-Map Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: S. Dhivya , R. Deepika , R. Anand Kumar , Tiwari Kanchan S. , Bhatia Deepshikha , Singh Prasanjit
Published: August 2024

Aims and Background:

Digital image forgery has emerged as a significant threat in an
era where visual content plays a crucial role in communication and authentication. The rise of sophisticated
manipulation techniques demands innovative approaches for reliable detection.

Objectives and Methods:

This research introduces a novel methodology for Digital Image Forgery
Detection using Noise Cancellation in Feature-Map Convolutional Neural Networks (NC-FM-CNN).
Our approach focuses on exploiting the inherent patterns of manipulated images by integrating a
noise cancellation mechanism within the CNN architecture. The use of feature maps enables the
network to discern subtle alterations in image content, offering enhanced sensitivity to forged regions.
By selectively filtering out noise patterns introduced during the forgery process, the model
can more accurately pinpoint areas of manipulation. The proposed NC-FM-CNN architecture undergoes
extensive training on diverse datasets encompassing various types of image manipulations, ensuring
its adaptability to a wide range of forgery techniques. The network's ability to learn and differentiate
between authentic and manipulated features is enhanced through advanced optimization
techniques and regularization methods.

Results:

Our experimental results, showcasing an accuracy of 97%, demonstrate the superior performance
of the NC-FM-CNN compared to traditional forgery detection methods. The model exhibits
robustness in detecting forged content even in cases where manipulations are subtle or deeply
embedded. Moreover, its efficiency in handling diverse forgery scenarios positions it as a versatile
tool for forensic analysis in digital image authenticity verification.

Conclusion:

As image manipulation techniques continue to evolve, the proposed NC-FM-CNN
framework offers a proactive and reliable solution for combating digital forgery, contributing to the
establishment of a trustworthy digital ecosystem.
Data Collection Methods
Authors: Muguro Joseph Kamau , Njeri Paul Waweru , Sasaki Minoru
Published: August 2024

The section highlights significant shortcomings in the Kenyan data
collection landscape, particularly as reported by the National Police Service (NPS) and
the National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA). Official sources of data are found
to be lacking in quality, accuracy, and comprehensiveness, thus impeding a systematic
approach to addressing transportation issues, particularly regarding accidents and
fatalities. To overcome these limitations, the research proposes exploring alternative
data sources such as social media platforms and surveys, combined with advanced
analytical techniques like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning.
This approach aims to gain deeper insights into the causes of accidents and factors
contributing to high fatality rates. Recommendations include standardizing data
collection schemes, implementing digital reporting and data integration, fostering
interagency collaboration and mandatory reporting, establishing public awareness
campaigns, adopting international best practices, and reviewing legislation and
policies. These measures are essential for enhancing the quality and breadth of
transportation data and improving road safety in Kenya.

"One Important Role for the City is to Conduct Studies to Document Areas of
Greatest Need, and to Facilitate Coordination between our Public and Private
Transportation Options to Weave it into a Dense Tapestry of Accessible and Reliable
Transportation." — Mark Noble.
Public Service Vehicle - Matatus and Bodabodas
Authors: Muguro Joseph Kamau , Njeri Paul Waweru , Sasaki Minoru
Published: August 2024

This chapter investigates the multifaceted challenges confronting public
transportation in Kenya, with a particular focus on Matatus (mini-buses) and Bodabodas (motorcycle taxis). It delves into various dimensions of the transportation
industry, including the pervasive use of second-hand vehicles which significantly
contributes to fatalities and pollution, passenger mistreatment, and the alarming
increase in criminal activities linked to Boda-bodas, among others. Moreover, it
analyzes the economic ramifications of public transportation. The recommendations
encompass enhancing road user safety, mitigating pollution, promoting alternative
transit modes, incorporating modern technologies, and fostering public participation.

"The Failure to Invest in our Public Transportation and Public Life, I Think, is a
Scandal and a Shame, and it Should be a National Embarrassment." — Mark Shields
Pengaruh Infeksi Alami Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) Terhadap Nilai Hematologi Sapi Madura
Authors: Kristanto Dwi , Septian Wike Andre , Septiyani Septiyani
Published: August 2024

Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) disebabkan oleh virus dari famili Picornaviridae yang menyerang hewan berkuku belah dengan tingkat morbiditas yang tinggi dan bersifat akut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh infeksi alami PMK terhadap nilai hematologi sapi Madura pada fase infeksi dan fase recovery. Sebanyak 15 ekor sapi Madura yang sudah didiagnosis menderita PMK dengan gejala klinis berupa sialorrhea, lameness, recumbency, vesikel dan erosi pada bagian gingiva, dental pad dan lidah, serta lesi pada area interdigital kaki digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Proses pengambilan sampel darah sebanyak 3 ml melalui vena coccygea dengan menggunakan vacutainer (BD, Franklin, USA) yang mengandung antikoagulan EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid). Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan sebanyak dua kali yaitu pada fase infeksi (antara hari ke-3 sampai hari ke-7) dan pada fase recovery (hari ke-30 post infeksi). Sampel yang sudah dikoleksi selanjutnya dilakukan analisis parameter hematologi menggunakan Veterinary Hematology Analyzer Rayto 7600, sedangkan analisis data hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai leukosit, limfosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, MCHC, MCV, RDW-CV, trombosit, MPV, PDW, PCT antara stadium infeksi dan recovery berbeda signifikan (p<0,05). Pada fase infeksi dilaporkan terjadi leukositosis, granulositosis, limfositosis, serta penurunan hemoglobin, MCHC, MCV, RDW-SD, PDW, dan P-LCR. Sedangkan pada fase recovery dilaporkan nilai leukosit dan granulosit masih diatas normal, sementara itu parameter lain sudah pada level normal. Disimpulkan bahwa infeksi alami PMK pada sapi Madura menyebabkan perbedaan nilai hematologi yang signifikan antara fase infeksi dan recovery.
Pengaruh Penambahan Zeolit Pada Litter Terhadap Kadar Amonia Litter, Suhu Litter, Foot Pad Dermatitis Dan Penampilan Produksi Broiler
Authors: Nugraha Langgeng Riandita , Yulianti Dyah Lestari
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan zeolit yang ditambahan pada litter terhadap konsentrasi amonia, suhu litter, bobot panen, bobot karkas dan skor footpad dermatitis. Materi penelitian ini adalah 272 broiler dipelihara dengan 4 perlakuan, P0 diberikan 0 gram zeolit / m2 litter, (P1) diberikan 500 gram zeolit / m2 litter, (P2) diberikan 1.000 gram zeolit / m2 litter dan (P3) diberikan 1.500 gram zeolit / m2 litter. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis data menggunakan Analisis Varian (Anova). Jika terdapat perbedaan secara nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncanâ€™s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil dari penelitian ini, konsentrasi amonia dan suhu litter lebih rendah di (P2) 1.000 gram zeolit / m2 litter dan P3 1.500 gram zeolit / m2 litter dibanding dengan (P0). Bobot panen dan bobot karkas lebih tinggi pada P2 1.000 gram zeolit / m2 litter, sedangkan foot pad dermatitis lebih rendah ditunjukkan pada P3 1.400 gram zeolit / m2 litter. Kesimpulannya adalah penambahan zeolit pada litter memberikan efek yang positif terhadap litter dan performa pertumbuhan, terutama pada P2 1.000 gram zeolit / m2 litter.
Penanganan Kasus Metritis Pada Sapi Perah di Koperasi Agro Niaga (KAN) Jabung, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Kuswandari Serlly , Pratiwi Herlina
Published: August 2024

Kejadian metritis kemungkinan besar terjadi pada saat inseminasi buatan atau penanganan kelahiran yang kurang higienis, sehingga banyak bakteri yang masuk ke uterus, hal in dapat memberikan efek negatif terhadap performa reproduksi serta mempengaruhi fertilitas pada sapi perah. Pengobatan dan penanganan yang tepat pada sapi perah dapat memberikan dampak positif karena kondisi uterus sapi cepat membaik, sehingga reproduksi dapat normal kembali. Studi kasus dilakukan pada sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein (PFH) milik peternak dibawah naungan Koperasi Agro Niaga (KAN) Jabung, Kabupaten Malang. Gejala klinis keluarnya discharge berwarna kemerahan, konsistensi kental, dan berbau tidak sedap. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk penentuan diagnosa yaitu dengan inspeksi discharge yang keluar dari vulva dan palpasi perektal untuk meraba saluran reproduksi terutama uterus. Penanganan yang dilakukan berupa pemberian antibiotik Neo-kotrimokÂ® secara intrauterine sebanyak 4 butir yang dicampurkan air sebanyak 20 mL dan SulpidonÂ® secara intramuskular sebanyak 15 mL. Pada hari ke-7 didapatkan discharge yang dikeluarkan mulai berkuran volumenya dan berwarna keputihan. Pengulangan pemberian antibiotik dilakukan menggunakan Neo-kotrimokÂ® secara intrauterine sebanyak 4 butir yang dicampurkan air sebanyak 20 mL. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari kasus ini adalah diagnose metritis dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan gejala klinis, penentuan jenis cairan yang keluar dari vulva dan palpasi rektal. Penetuan diagnosa dilanjutkan dengan pemberian terapi antibiotik secara intrauteri dan antiinflamasi secara intramuscular.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Sapi Betina Madura Tipe Taccek
Authors: Herviyanto Doni , Kuswati Kuswati , Ciptadi Gatot
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik sapi Madura betina tipe taccek berbagai umur. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah sumber bibit sapi Madura yang berada di Kecamatan Pasean dan Kecamatan Batumarmar, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian dimulai tanggal 1 Desember sampai 30 Desember 2019. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah sapi Madura betina tipe taccek berbagai umur berdasarkan PI (Permanent incicivi) sebanyak 110 ekor dengan rincian PI0 22 ekor, PI2 10 ekor, PI4 25 ekor, PI6 19 ekor dan PI8 34 ekor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei di lapangan dengan pengambilan datasecara purposive sampling. Data statistik vitaldihitung nilai rataan dan standar deviasinya, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA satu arah (one way anova) dan dilanjutkan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) untuk membedakan 2 rataan. Data fenotip dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diamati proporsi fenotipnya. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa seiring bertambahnya umur sapi taccek maka panjang kepala, lebar kepala, bobot badan, panjang badan dan lingkar dada ukuranya bertambah. Ukuran tinggi gumba dan tinggi pinggul juga bertambah mulai PI0, PI2, PI4, sampaiPI6,namun mengalami penurunan pada PI8. Sapi taccek memiliki ciri fenotip yang spesifik yaitu bentuk mata sipit dengan garis lingkar mata hitam, bentuk telinga kecil, tanduk melengkung ke atas, berpunuk, mempunyai gelambir dan rambut ekor berwarna hitam.