bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of perinatal chronic lung disease by infant gestational age
Authors: Mavunda K. , Jiang X. , Ambrose C.S.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Children with perinatal chronic lung disease (CLD) are at elevated risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in the first two years of life. The American Academy of Pediatrics policy does not recommend RSV immunoprophylaxis for infants with CLD born at ≥32 weeks’ gestational age (wGA). The objective of this study was to describe the number and clinical characteristics of US infants in this population.

METHODS:

Birth hospitalization data from the Kids’ Inpatient Database were utilized to estimate the prevalence of CLD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] = 770.7) in 2003-2012 overall and by gestational age (ICD-9 = 765.21–765.29). CLD birth hospitalizations were evaluated by length of stay, costs, ventilatory support, and inpatient mortality.

RESULTS:

A total of 33,537 infants were diagnosed with CLD, representing 0.2% of US births; 79% had wGA coded in the database. Among infants with CLD with wGA, 3.5% were born at >32 wGA, representing 7 of every 100,000 US births, or approximately 300 infants annually. Across all wGA categories, birth hospitalization length of stay and costs were elevated, and mechanical ventilation use ranged from 73% to 97%. All-cause inpatient mortality was highest among those <27 wGA and >32 wGA.

CONCLUSIONS:

Approximately 300 infants born at >32 wGA are diagnosed with CLD annually in the United States. The all-cause perinatal mortality rate is high in this population. The rationale for excluding this small but high-risk group of infants from the recommendations for RSV immunoprophylaxis is unclear.
Porcelain enamel coatings, from the past to the future: solved and unsolved issues for the improvement of their mechanical properties.
Authors: Rossi Stefano , Russo Francesca
Published: May 2020

Porcelain enamel coatings have their origins in ancient times when they were mainly used for decorative and ornamental purposes. From the industrial revolution onwards, these coatings have started to be used also as functional layers, ranging from home applications up to the use in high-technological fields, such as in chemical reactors. The excellent properties of enamel coatings, such as fire resistance, protection of the substrate from corrosion, resistance to atmospheric and chemical degradation, mainly depend and originate from the glassy nature of the enamel matrix itself. On the other side, the vitreous nature of enamel coatings limits their application in many fields, where mechanical stress and heavy abrasion phenomena could lead to nucleation and propagation of cracks inside the material, thus negatively affecting the protective properties of this coating. Many efforts have been made to improve the abrasion resistance of enamelled materials. On this regard, researchers showed encouraging results and proposed many different improvement approaches. Now it is possible to obtain enamels with enhanced resistance to abrasion. Differently, the investigation of the mechanical properties of enamel coatings remains a poorly studied topic. In the literature, there are interesting methodological ideas, which could be successfully applied to the mechanical study of enamelled materials and could allow to have further insights on their behaviour. Thus, the path that should be followed in the future includes the mechanical characterization of these coatings and the search for new solutions to address their brittle behaviour.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CYTOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN ANMCH OF GAYA, BIHAR, INDIA
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Prasad Jaideo
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Some of the cancer control programmes and screening tests have checked the cervical cancer incidence and its related mortality. The incidence and death rate due to cervical cancer is reduced upto 80% in some of the developing countries. Pap smear cytology is useful to detect and evaluate the degree of cellular alterations seen among cervical abnormalities. As Pap smear screening test is simple, rapid and cost effective, it is an ideal tool for mass screening programmes and better reliable results are obtained compared to other tests. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Clinical Evaluation of Cytological Findings of Cervical PAP Smears in ANMCH Gaya, Bihar, India.

The present study was planned in Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India. In the present study 25 cases of the females cervical smears of patients undergone Papanicolaou (Pap) smear testing were enrolled in the present study. Pap smears were obtained from squamocolumnar junction with the help of Ayre’s spatula. The material obtained was quickly smeared on a clean glass slide and the smear was immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. In the central laboratory, the slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and examined under light microscope. The cytological interpretation of the smears was made according to The Bethesda System 2014 (TBS).

The data generated from the present study concludes that Pap smear tests are inexpensive and affordable by the patients. This Procedure doesn’t need experts and specialists for collection of smear. Early detection of possibility of malignancy helps in prompt treatment at early stage and prolongation of life expectancy of many women and reduce the mortality and morbidity of cancer cervix. Till today Pap smear test is the most useful screening procedure for cervical cancer.

Keywords: cytology, pap smear, screening, squamous intraepithelial lesion, etc.
EFFICACY OF LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Kumar Abhay , . Nandani , Kishore Nipendra , . Anil
Published: May 2020

Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders in India. Approximately 7500- 12,000 babies with β-thalassemia major are born every year in the country. [13] Because of the magnitude of the disease and health-care burden it poses, it has been covered as part of various National Programs by the Government of India. Children with features of hypersplenism and increased packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion requirement are referred to the pediatric surgical unit for splenectomy. Open splenectomy is performed with utmost care and only when clearly indicated. Regular follow-up assessments are done following splenectomy.

The present study was planned in Department of General surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The study was conducted from March 2018 to June 2019. In the present study 20 patients diagnosed with the thalassemia in which the splenectomy was suggested. A single team were operated all the patients which headed by the second author. Hypersplenism, increased requirement of blood transfusion, haemosiderosis and abdominal discomfort due to splenomegaly revealed as indications for splenectomy. Preoperative blood transfusion were done to correct Hb >10 gm% in all patients. Immunization was done 3 weeks prior to surgery with polyvalent pneumococcal, hepatitis B and H. influenzae B vaccines for all patients.

The data generated from the present study concludes that Laparoscopic splenectomy revealed to be feasible and safe procedure to β thalassemia patients with splenomegaly. Pfannenstiel incision for specimen extraction is significantly decrease time, with low morbidity and offer better cosmetic results. The operative time in laparoscopic splenectomy is still longer than the open splenectomy but it decrease with time due to increased experience.

Keywords: Laparoscopic splenectomy, Thalassemia, Pfannenstiel incision, etc.
ASSESSMENT OF HEARING THRESHOLDS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS BASED ON GENDER AND USE OF HEADPHONES.
Authors: Kamble Mahesh D , Fernandes Celia V
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The sounds we are exposed to everyday are usually at a safe level and do not affect our hearing. However, development of latest technology and frequent use of headphones has increased the proximity of sound to the ear. Adolescents and young adults who are commonly exposed to loud music/noise are at a greater risk of developing hearing impairment. Hence the adverse effects of chronic exposure to loud sounds need to be assessed.

Objectives: To determine hearing thresholds in students (Males/Females) at various frequencies and the changes in hearing thresholds associated with prolonged exposure (>90mins) to sound.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 148 first year MBBS students.

Materials used - ALPS Advanced Digital Audiometer AD2100, bone oscillator and headphones.

Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 with p<0.05 as significant.

Results: 1) Males have lower hearing thresholds than females except at higher frequencies where females have equal or better hearing thresholds than males.

2) The mean exposure to headphones was 115.432±92.1348 mins.

Subjects with >90mins exposure had better hearing thresholds at lower frequencies but at higher frequencies showed increase in hearing thresholds.

Conclusion: Lower hearing thresholds in females at higher frequencies could be evolutionary as females are more sensitive to high pitch sounds like baby’s cry. Prolonged exposure to loud sound damages hair cells at base of cochlea responsible for picking up high frequency sounds.

Keywords: Hearing thresholds, noise, adolescents.
声波透射法判断混凝土桩身缺陷的工程实例
Authors: 岳 廷文 , 孙 传印
Published: May 2020

声波透射法检测混凝土灌注桩的完整性是通过测量超声波在砼中传播过程中的波幅、声速、频率及波形变化情况来综合分析判断桩身类别与混凝土桩身缺陷,本文结合工程实例,利用声波透射法对检测数据进行对比分析,对有缺陷或者异常的基桩进行判断时,排除工程质量隐患,保证基桩完整性检测的精度和可靠度。
刍议高速公路改扩建道路设计的安全问题
Authors: 费 旭东 , 雷 毅辉
Published: May 2020

高速公路是我国交通运输行业得以发展的重要基础,其建设质量和安全性直接关系着社会群体的生命财产安全,并关系着高速公路建设的综合效益。而目前随着我国经济的快速发展以及交通量的持续增长,在国内很早的时候修建的四车道高速公路已经无法满足目前的社会需求了。当前就高速公路改扩建道路设计的安全问题进行一系列的探寻探讨,降低避免各种事故的发生,全面提升道路交通的可持续长远发展。
岩土工程勘察中水文地质勘察的地位及内容探究
Authors: 陈 世鹏
Published: May 2020

在社会发展水平全面提升背景下,我国基础设施建设水平也得到了全面发展,特别是在众多土木工程中,为降低地质条件对工程的负面影响,就需要提前开展相应的水文勘察。在工程建设过程中,对地质条件提出了较为严格的标准和要求,在地下水资源影响下,工程项目开展前就应该进行处置,只有这样才能避免水资源不稳定引发的各种岩土灾害问题。本文将对岩土工程勘察中水文地质勘察的地位展开研究,希望通过对其内容的明确,切实提升勘察工作的有效性,为工程建设提供稳定帮助。
解析公路桥梁施工管理及质量控制
Authors: 李 军
Published: May 2020

本文针对公路桥梁施工管理及质量控制,结合理论实践,从材料、人员、现场安全、机械设备、信息和资料五个方面分析了公路桥梁施工管理措施,然后分析公路桥梁施工质量的全过程控制,希望对提升公路桥梁施工管理水平,保证施工质量有一定参考和帮助。
新时期绿色节能建筑施工技术分析
Authors: 沈 科
Published: May 2020

建筑行业是我国整体发展的中流砥柱,而绿色节能建筑施工技术是新时期社会发展的必然要求。将环保节能的理念及相应措施融入到建筑施工技术中,将有效减少施工带来的能源消耗、环境破坏、空气污染,提升资源的利用效率,从而为实现优质绿色生活做出贡献,为人们创造更加美好的生存空间。本文就新时期绿色节能建筑施工技术进行了分析。
Simulación de la reacción de captura neutrónica por gadolinio por medio de GEANT4
Authors: Téllez Diego Alexander , Medina Robinson Steven , Sarta José A. , Munévar Edwin , Leyva José Alfonso
Published: May 2020

El uso de nucleidos de gadolinio como agentes de captura de neutrones en la terapia de cáncer por captura neutrónica es de gran interés debido principalmente a su alta sección eficaz de 225.000 barns. El espectro del estado final de la reacción contiene 158-gadolinio (158Gd), emisión de fotones (rayos X y rayos gamma) y electrones (conversión interna y Auger). Este espectro ofrece una física muy rica y de enorme potencial para la eliminación de células tumorales debido a su alta transferencia lineal de energía. En este trabajo presentamos simulaciones de este proceso, realizadas en las últimas seis versiones de Geant4 (10.00.p04, 10.01.p03, 10.02.p03, 10.03.p03, 10.04.p03 y 10.05.p01). Tomando en cuenta que para este trabajo nos interesan particularmente los neutrones de baja energía (energías < 20 MeV), usaremos el paquete G4NeutronHP. Finalmente obtenemos el conteo de eventos, la energía promedio y las distribuciones angulares (theta y phi) de las partículas en el estado final, encontrando, de esta manera, que para neutrones de baja energía, el estudio de la reacción de captura neutrónica por 158Gd es viable con Geant4.
Una aproximación a la implementación de los estudios de futuro en el Servicio Geológico Colombiano
Authors: Parrado Lozano Guillermo
Published: May 2020

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con los conceptos fundamentales y metodologías aplicables en una estrategia de construcción social del conocimiento de los escenarios posibles, probables y deseables para el desarrollo del Servicio Geológico Colombiano —entidad pública nacional de ciencia y tecnología— en el siglo XXI. Partiendo de los conceptos fundamentales, luego se muestra una breve reseña histórica de los desarrollos de la prospectiva como disciplina, para finalizar con una aproximación al rol de las geociencias y las ciencias nucleares, pilares de la consolidación del Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) como líder en el ámbito de sus competencias en nuestro país.
Subacute oral toxicity evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. tubers in Phu Quoc, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Mai Ngoc Trac , Pham Ha Thu , Do Tuoi Thi Hong
Published: May 2020

The tubers of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, liver and intestinal diseases in the traditional medicine of Vietnam. The 50% ethanolic extract of H. formicarum (EEHF) has been proved anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as hepatoprotective activity at the oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice. The aim of this work was to study on the subacute oral toxicity of the EEHF at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 and 60 consecutive days in both sexes of mice. The observations were undertaken on the mortality, the body weights, the toxic signs, hematological and biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, the histopathology of liver and kidneys was studied. The results showed that the 100 mg/kg of EEHF did not cause any toxic signs in mice. There was no significant difference of hematological and biochemical parameters between the treated animals and the controls. Histopathological examinations of livers and kidneys showed no significant difference suggesting no morphological disturbances in treated mice. In conclusion, the results indicated that the EEHF did not cause any subacute toxicity in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, providing the evidence of the safety of health products from this medicinal plant.
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Leilem (Clerodendrum minahasae) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin, Asam Urat dan Ureum pada Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Rumondor Rolef , Komalig Muhammad Rino , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin
Published: May 2020

The progress of science in the field of medicine is currently very rapid along with technological advances, but the use of traditional medicines is increasingly popular. This is due to the low side effects caused by traditional medicines, practical use, easy to obtain and affordable prices. North Sulawesi is one area that has so many types of plants, including leilem plants (Clerodendrum minahassae) of the genus Clerodendrum. Leilem plant is an endemic plant in North Sulawesi which is often consumed by vegetables as a vegetable and is usually added to meat processing. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extracts of leilem leaves on the description of urea, uric acid and creatinine values ​​in etylen glycol induced white rats. The study design, the treatment group was divided into 5 groups. The control group (P0), the ethylene glycol group (P1), the rockgin treatment group (P2), the ethanol extract group of leilem leaves at a dose of 150 mg / kgBB (P3), and the ethanol extract group of leilem leaves at a dose of 300 mg / kgBB (P4). The results showed that the ethanol extract of leilem leaves 150 mg / kgBB and 300 mg / kgBB could reduce the levels of ureum, creatinine and uric acid in rats with ethylene glycol treatment. Ethanol extract of leilem leaves 150 mg / kgBB was better in reducing levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid in rats compared with a dose of 300 mg / kgBB (p <0.05)
Skrining Fitokimia dan Potensi Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Herba Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata L) pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Novergicus) yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Maliangkay Hendra Pratama , Rumondor Rolef , Kantohe Mynia
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study to determine the anti-diabetic potential of ciplukan herbal ethanol extract (Physalis angulata L) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced alloxan given intraperitoneally and comparing its effectiveness with glibenclamide. This study uses 5 groups namely giving aquadest as normal control, giving alloxan as a negative control, giving alloxan and glibenclamide as a positive control and the ethanol extract of ciplukan herbal with a dose of 150 mg/kg BB and 300 mg/kg BB. Blood glucose measurement performed on day 0 (three days after induction), day 7, and day 14. The results showed that ethanol extract of ciplukan herbal (Physalis angulata L) can lower blood glucose levekls. A dose of 150 mg/kg BB have percentage decrease in blood glucose levels on day 7 and day 14 respectively by 14.1%and 70.5%. dose of 300 mg/kg BB have a percentage decrease in blood glucose levels on day 7 and day 14 respectively by 70.5%.and 69.5%. a dose of 150 mg/kg BB is more effective as an anti-diabetic compared with a dose of 300 mg/kg BB. Ethanol extract of ciplukan herbal (Physalis angulata L) also has an activity to repair damaged pancreatic-β cells in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan.
Estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento en educación superior.
Authors: Montalvo Prieto Amparo , Simancas Pallares Miguel Angel
Published: May 2020

El presente estudio asocia la presencia de estrés académico y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los estudiantes universitarios matriculados en una Institución de Educación Superior en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Corresponde a un estudio analítico de corte transversal, en el cual participaron 1947 estudiantes matriculados durante el primer período de 2018. Para tal fin se utilizaron tres instrumentos: la Encuesta sobre Aspectos Sociodemográficos, la Escala de Afrontamiento del Estrés Académico (A-CEA) y la Escala de Estrés Académico Percibido (EEAP). Para el análisis bivariado, se empleó el test de Fisher. La comparación de frecuencia de uso de cada una de las estrategias de afrontamiento ante cada situación estresante, se realizó a través de análisis de varianzas multivariante de una vía (MANOVA). Los participantes fueron en su gran mayoría hombres (53.5%), solteros (95.4%), de nivel socioeconómico bajo (63.4%), con pérdida de alguna asignatura (50.23%). Los estudiantes ante situaciones estresantes utilizan como estrategia de afrontamiento la reevaluación positiva, la planificación y el apoyo social ante la competencia por las calificaciones (p=0.00); debilidad de carácter (p=0.00); profesores críticos (p=0.00) y cantidad de trabajo (p=0.02). La estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada por los estudiantes fue la reevaluación positiva ante los diferentes estresores académicos, el establecer los elementos a intervenir y las estrategias a utilizar para fortalecer las respuestas del estudiante ante las situaciones de estrés.
RISK- ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSIS DURING OPERATION OF SELF-PROPELLED LOADING CRANES OF THE ARROW TYPE
Authors: Skrypnyk О. , Abrakitov V. , Stepanenko A.
Published: May 2020

The problem of managing the safe operation of hoisting machines with an expired service life is associated with solving extremely complex interrelated tasks through a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at establishing the actual risk and economic feasibility of further operation. The most important condition in this case is the conduct of an expert examination of industrial safety and technical diagnostics, the results of which make it possible to establish the real state of hoisting machines at the current time. The safety of hoisting machines, including after the expiration of the standard service life (assigned resource), is associated with design features, workmanship, installation quality, their operation modes and a number of other factors. However, for heavily loaded hoisting machines, the main technical obstacle to safe operation is metal fatigue The results of a statistical analysis of defects detected by expert diagnosis of self-propelled boom-type cranes that have fulfilled the standard operating period are presented. The largest number of defects is associated with the destruction and wear of structural elements, the occurrence of fatigue cracks and the violation of the operating conditions of the equipment. The greatest number of defects is found in the hydraulic system of cranes, elements of the cable-block system, less often in metal construction. To conduct a risk analysis of self-propelled jib cranes in conditions of insufficient information, a methodology for expert assessments is proposed. It allows you to evaluate the impact of potential defects of self-propelled jib cranes on the amount of economic damage to the crane itself and the transported load and on the magnitude of the traumatic impact on humans. Defects and damage to the metal structures of the cranes discovered during the examinations are the result of the following combination of reasons: low quality of the metal (mild steel); unsatisfactory design; unsatisfactory quality of manufacture and installation of individual elements; environmental aggressiveness; operation of cranes in an unintended mode, poor maintenance and repair Keywords: safety, propelled jib crane, defect, expert assessment, risk analysis, diagnosis.
FORMATION OF A METHOD FOR THE PREREQUISITES IDENTIFICATION OF THE EXPANSION OF EMERGENCIES DUE TO THE ACCUMULATION OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES AT CHEMICAL OBJECTS
Authors: Loboichenko V.
Published: May 2020

Emergencies related to man-made accidents at potentially hazardous sites occur in different countries of the world. In Ukraine, man-made emergencies make up 30% of their total. It is noted that low-tonnage production does not have such capacity and efficient engineering, technical methods for the prevention of object emergencies, including for reasons of gradual accumulation of harmful substances and unclassified emergencies. The analysis of emergencies at chemical objects of low-tonnage production in the world and in Ukraine showed the lack of common approaches to preventing the emergencies, including the emergencies of cumulative nature and the need to develop engineering and technical methods for preventing such emergencies to eliminate the effects of emergencies of cumulative nature. Part of the solution to this problem is the development of a method for the prerequisites identification of the expansion of emergencies in the framework of a comprehensive engineering and technical method for preventing emergencies at low-tonnage chemical objects associated with the risk of gradual accumulation of consequences of unclassified emergencies and accidents.
The potential impact of impaired technological processes on a number of productions on soils as a result of the accumulation of harmful substances in them is analyzed in the resaerch. The technological process is considered as a set of three blocks: preparatory processes (block I), basic processes (block II), packing and transportation (block II). The peculiarities of technological processes with domination of danger of the II block, I and II blocks, II and III blocks are investigated. Examples are carbon dioxide production, tablet preparation and ammonia synthesis. The production stages of each of the three blocks of technological processes of the investigated productions are analyzed, which violations of technological processes on which technogenic emergencies related to the accumulation of harmful substances can cause. The main harmful substances that can accumulate in the soil have been identified.
A method for the prerequisites identification of the expansion of emergencies due to the accumulation of harmful substances at chemical objects is proposed, which includes the experimental study of soils and the determination of the coefficient of hazard identification at each stage of production. The coefficient of hazard identification is determined by the total content of harmful (pollutant) substances that are characteristic for each stage of the technological process.
Keywords: hazard identification, emergency, accumulation of harmful substances, soil, coefficient of hazard identification.
ABOUT IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY BASE FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS FOR DELIVERY FIRE HOSES
Authors: Prisyajnyuk V. , Semychayevsky S. , Yakimenko M. , Osadchuk M. , Svirskiy V. , Milutin О.
Published: May 2020

The urgency of the development of the corresponding national standard, which regulates the technical requirements and test methods for the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicle.
Currently, the Operative Rescue Service mainly uses pressure hoses of the “T” type (for fire vehicle ) with a diameter of 51 mm and 77 mm, the technical condition of which often does not meet the requirements, which may not withstand the pressure that pumps of even traditionally used fire vehicle develop when extinguishing fires. The use of such hoses in extinguishing real fires can limit the ability, reduce the effectiveness of operational and tactical operations of operational and rescue units, as well as put personnel at risk.
Today, there are a number of complaints from Civil Protection Operations and Rescue units regarding substandard fire hoses being purchased and operated. Basically, the complaints concern the non-conformity of these products with respect to the pressure requirements and the wear resistance of the surface of the material from which it is made. Over the past three years, the State Emergency Service has purchased about 120 fire vehicle each year, which are completed with fire delivery hoses with diameters of 51 and 77 mm.
The requirements of the current national standard DSTU 3810-98 in Ukraine are outdated and do not meet the practical needs of today. Taking into account that new types of fire hoses and technologies of their creation have appeared in the leading countries of the world, and considering that the standard in Ukraine DSTU EN 15889: 2017 does not apply to layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles, the issue of developing a national standard for this type of fire hose is urgent. In addition, European regulatory document CEN / TR 16099 states that the EU does not have a single standard that sets the technical requirements for "flat-fire attack hoses", ie those used with fire-fighting pumps. In EU countries, this issue is likely to be governed by the individual national standards of the Member States. This is confirmed by the German national standard DIN 14811-2008 / A1-2012, A2-2014.
The technical characteristics and test methods of fire hoses in accordance with current DSTU 3810-98 and German standard DIN 14811-2008 are given. On the basis of analytical research the methods of testing layflat delivery fire hoses are specified, which will be given in the draft national standard.
Keywords: layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue vehicles, specifications, test methods.
PROTECTORS OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM OF AN ENTERPRISE
Authors: Konoplina О. , Mizik Y. , Chekh N. , Savenko К.
Published: May 2020

The issues of formation and evaluation of the business reputation of the enterprise have been updated. Existing methods and approaches to assessing the level of business reputation of companies, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and systematized. The problems of estimation of business reputation of water supply companies are covered. It is determined that the assessment should be made taking into account the specificity of activity and sectoral affiliation of enterprises, as well as their form of ownership. The necessity to develop a methodology for assessing the level of goodwill on the basis of calculating the integrated indicators of the level of stakeholders' interaction of water supply companies. An analysis of existing approaches to assessing goodwill has shown that each group of methods, both quantitative and qualitative, has certain advantages and disadvantages. The most appropriate methods for assessing goodwill, such as: assessing goodwill as an excess of market value over the value of its net assets; estimation by the excess profit method; Brand Finance Appraisal; evaluation using a multiplier; method of options; expert method, were identified. The use of qualitative approaches to the assessment of the goodwill of the water supply companies was justified. Using quality methods, you can manage business reputation and measure in which direction it will change over time. It is noted that the implementation of goodwill assessment is complicated by the diversity of interests of both individual groups, and interests within an individual stakeholder group. It is determined that the level of stakeholder interaction is a set of integrated indicators of interaction of each of the stakeholder groups on the basis of which the goodwill and measures taken to form and implement its management strategy are assessed . It is proposed to assess the level of business reputation of water supply companies based on the method of expert evaluation using the integrated indicator of the level of engagement.
Keywords: business reputation, water supply companies, evaluation, stakeholders, quantitative methods, qualitative methods.
El malestar en los hombres: una revisión de alcances
Authors: Olvera Castillo Carolina , Luna Lara María Gabriela
Published: May 2020

El malestar es un tema en pleno desarrollo desde los estudios de las masculinidades y actualmente es un terreno fértil para seguir generando líneas de investigación. El presente trabajo siguió la metodología de scoping review cuyo objetivo fue explorar el alcance de los artículos y textos académicos sobre las masculinidades en relación con el malestar. Los resultados apuntan hacia una conceptualización más sólida del malestar como un estado entre la salud y la enfermedad, cuyas causas han sido identificadas como conflictos y pérdidas con relación al (in)cumplimiento de los mandatos de la masculinidad hegemónica. Sus consecuencias repercuten directamente en la salud física y mental. Las conclusiones se centran en la reflexión de la posibilidad del malestar como una punta de flecha para el cambio en las relaciones de género.
Faktor Determinan Kesiapsiagaan Perawat Terhadap Bencana Gunung Meletus (Gamalama) di Puskesmas Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate
Authors: Hakim Husen Abd , Kaelan Cahyono , Nurdin Armyn , J. Hadi Anto
Published: May 2020

Puskesmas merupakan bagian dari pemerintah daerah wajib melaksanakan fungsinya dalam kesiapsiagaan penanggulangan bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuai gambaran dan hubungan faktor determinan kesiapsiagaan Perawat terhadap bencana gunung meletus (Gamalama) di Puskesmas wilayah kerja Dinas kesehatan Kota Ternate. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kombinasi (Mixed Methods) yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang mengkombinasikan atau menggabungkan antara metode kuantitatif dan metode kualitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat di Puskesmas wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate sebanyak 41 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square untuk jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Variable pengetahuan p=0,015, dan variable keterampilan p=0,171. variabel pengetahuan merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kesiapsiagaan. Sedangkan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan bentuk narasi dari hasil wawancara dengan responden yang keterampilan rendah karena kurangnya pelatihan dan simulasi bencana bagi perawat.
Unsupervised Text Feature Selection Using Memetic Dichotomous Differential Evolution
Authors: Al-Jadir Ibraheem , Wong Kok Wai , Fung Chun Che , Xie Hong
Published: May 2020

Feature Selection (FS) methods have been studied extensively in the literature, and there are a crucial component in machine learning techniques. However, unsupervised text feature selection has not been well studied in document clustering problems. Feature selection could be modelled as an optimization problem due to the large number of possible solutions that might be valid. In this paper, a memetic method that combines Differential Evolution (DE) with Simulated Annealing (SA) for unsupervised FS was proposed. Due to the use of only two values indicating the existence or absence of the feature, a binary version of differential evolution is used. A dichotomous DE was used for the purpose of the binary version, and the proposed method is named Dichotomous Differential Evolution Simulated Annealing (DDESA). This method uses dichotomous mutation instead of using the standard mutation DE to be more effective for binary purposes. The Mean Absolute Distance (MAD) filter was used as the feature subset internal evaluation measure in this paper. The proposed method was compared with other state-of-the-art methods including the standard DE combined with SA, which is named DESA in this paper, using five benchmark datasets. The F-micro, F-macro (F-scores) and Average Distance of Document to Cluster (ADDC) measures were utilized as the evaluation measures. The Reduction Rate (RR) was also used as an evaluation measure. Test results showed that the proposed DDESA outperformed the other tested methods in performing the unsupervised text feature selection.
Histological Comparison of Testicular Needle Biopsy and En Bloc Samples in Abattoir Calves
Authors: Rohländer Maike , Otzen Henning , Rode Kristina , Jung Klaus , Schmicke Marion , Harborth Teresa , Langeheine Marion , Brehm Ralph , Bajcsy Árpád Csaba
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to test whether a single testicular needle biopsy could provide histological results comparable to en bloc resection histology and whether one biopsy was sufficient to reflect the histology of an entire pair of testicles. Two methods of sample collection were tested on 32 bull calves aged five to eight months to compare histological parameters of needle biopsy with those of en bloc resection samples. One testicular needle biopsy of the right and three en bloc samples of both testicles were collected and compared for the number of tubular cross sections, tubules with elongated spermatids (ES), outer/inner diameter of tubules, thickness of tubular wall, and number of Sertoli cells (SC). Additionally, animal data were considered. No significant differences were found between the left and right testis or among the individual locations of en bloc samples. However, histologically significant differences (Bonferroni-adjusted significance level: p < 0.05/6 = 0.0083) were found between the needle biopsy and en bloc resection regarding the tubular cross sections per visual field (p < 0.05), the outer (p = 0.01) and inner diameter and the thickness of the tubular wall (both p < 0.01). In the SOX9 immunohistochemical staining, no significant differences (p > 0.05) could be observed for SC numbers between needle biopsy and en bloc samples. In conclusion, results of testicular needle biopsy do not have the same validity as the en bloc resection histology. Furthermore, one biopsy is insufficient to reflect the histology of the entire testicular pair.
Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Communication Architectures and Routing Protocols
Authors: Chen Xi , Tang Jun , Lao Songyang
Published: May 2020

Over the past decades, Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) have achieved outstanding performance in military, commercial and civilian applications. UAVs are increasingly appearing in the form of swarms or formations to meet higher mission requirements. Communication plays an important role in UAV swarm control and coordination. The communication architecture defines how information is exchanged between UAVs or between UAVs and the central control center. Routing protocols help provide reliable end-to-end data transmission. Therefore, it is particularly important to design UAV swarm communication architectures and routing protocols with high performance and stability. This review article details four communication architectures including the advantages and disadvantages. Applicable scenarios are also discussed. In addition, a systematic overview and feasibility research of routing protocols are presented in this paper. To spur further research, the open research issues of UAV swarm communication architectures and routing protocols are also investigated.
Investigating the Large-Scale Transport of a Volcanic Plume and the Impact on a Secondary Site
Authors: Du Preez David Jean , Bencherif Hassan , Bègue Nelson , Clarisse Lieven , Hoffman Rebecca F. , Wright Caradee Yael
Published: May 2020

Volcanic plumes can be transported across vast distances and can have an impact on solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the surface due to the scattering and absorption caused by aerosols. The dispersion of the volcanic plume from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex (PCCVC) eruption was investigated to determine the effect on aerosol loading at Cape Point, South Africa. The eruption occurred on 4 June 2011 and resulted in a plume reaching a height of between 9 and 12 km and was dispersed across the Southern Hemisphere. Satellite sulphur dioxide (SO2) observations and a dispersion model showed low concentrations of SO2 at the secondary site. However, satellite observations of volcanic ash and ground-based aerosol measurements did show increases between 10 and 20 June 2011 at the secondary site. Furthermore, there was good agreement with the dispersion model results and observations from satellites with most of the plume located between latitudes 40°–60° South.
Modeling Compact Intracloud Discharge (CID) as a Streamer Burst
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Cooray Gerald , Rubinstein Marcos , Rachidi Farhad
Published: May 2020

Narrow Bipolar Pulses are generated by bursts of electrical activity in the cloud and these are referred to as Compact Intracloud Discharges (CID) or Narrow Bipolar Events in the current literature. These discharges usually occur in isolation without much electrical activity before or after the event, but sometimes they are observed to initiate lightning flashes. In this paper, we have studied the features of CIDs assuming that they consist of streamer bursts without any conducting channels. A typical CID may contain about 109 streamer heads during the time of its maximum growth. A CID consists of a current front of several nanosecond duration that travels forward with the speed of the streamers. The amplitude of this current front increases initially during the streamer growth and decays subsequently as the streamer burst continues to propagate. Depending on the conductivity of the streamer channels, there could be a low-level current flow behind this current front which transports negative charge towards the streamer origin. The features of the current associated with the CID are very different from those of the radiation field that it generates. The duration of the radiation field of a CID is about 10–20 μs, whereas the duration of the propagating current pulse associated with the CID is no more than a few nanoseconds in duration. The peak current of a CID is the result of a multitude of small currents associated with a large number of streamers and, if all the forward moving streamer heads are located on a single horizontal plane, the cumulative current that radiates at its peak value could be about 108 A. On the other hand, the current associated with an individual streamer is no more than a few hundreds of mA. However, if the location of the forward moving streamer heads are spread in a vertical direction, the peak current can be reduced considerably. Moreover, this large current is spread over an area of several tens to several hundreds of square meters. The study shows that the streamer model of the CID could explain the fine structure of the radiation fields present both in the electric field and electric field time derivative.
Effective Interactions of Ag Nanoparticles on the Surface of SBA-15 in Performing Deep Desulfurization of Real Diesel Fuel
Authors: de Longe Clenildo , Viana Sales Rafael , Figueira Câmara Anne Beatriz , Oliveira Medeiros de Araújo Moura Heloise , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique , Berenice Castellã Pergher Sibele , Aguilera Campos Leila Maria , Montoya Urbina Maritza , Santos de Carvalho Luciene
Published: May 2020

SBA-15 materials as-synthesized and impregnated with Ag nanoparticles were applied to perform adsorptive desulfurization of real diesel fuel. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HAADF-STEM-EDX and FESEM-EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed that there is uniform distribution of Ag nanodomains on the surface and in the channels of a 2AgSBA-15 (2% Ag) sample. The interaction between sulfur compounds and adsorbent mainly occurred via π-complexation mechanisms, as observed via XPS and equilibrium data. The kinetic results for 2AgSBA-15 were better fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.9999), indicating that the determining step of the adsorptive process is chemisorption, whereas the equilibrium results were better fitted to the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.9994), thus indicating that the adsorption occurs on the adsorbent surface monolayer with significant adsorption capacity (qm = 20.30 mgS/g), approximately two times greater than that observed for pure SBA-15. The mean desulfurization reached by the adsorbents was up to 86.8% for six recycling steps.
Acute Induction of Translocon-Mediated Ca2+ Leak Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Al-Mawla Ribal , Ducrozet Mallory , Tessier Nolwenn , Païta Lucille , Pillot Bruno , Gouriou Yves , Villedieu Camille , Harhous Zeina , Paccalet Alexandre , Crola Da Silva Claire , Ovize Michel , Bidaux Gabriel , Ducreux Sylvie , Van Coppenolle Fabien
Published: May 2020

During myocardial infarction, dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis between the reticulum, mitochondria, and cytosol occurs in cardiomyocytes and leads to cell death. Ca2+ leak channels are thought to be key regulators of the reticular Ca2+ homeostasis and cell survival. The present study aimed to determine whether a particular reticular Ca2+ leak channel, the translocon, also known as translocation channel, could be a relevant target against ischemia/reperfusion-mediated heart injury. To achieve this objective, we first used an intramyocardial adenoviral strategy to express biosensors in order to assess Ca2+ variations in freshly isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes to show that translocon is a functional reticular Ca2+ leak channel. Interestingly, translocon activation by puromycin mobilized a ryanodine receptor (RyR)-independent reticular Ca2+ pool and did not affect the excitation–concentration coupling. Second, puromycin pretreatment decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ content and slowed down the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and the rate of cytosolic Ca2+ increase during hypoxia. Finally, this translocon pre-activation also protected cardiomyocytes after in vitro hypoxia reoxygenation and reduced infarct size in mice submitted to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion. Altogether, our report emphasizes the role of translocon in cardioprotection and highlights a new paradigm in cardioprotection by functionally uncoupling the RyR-dependent Ca2+ stores and translocon-dependent Ca2+ stores.
Exploring Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis in Hypothalamic Cells through a Heavy Isotope Pulse/Trace Proteomic Approach
Authors: Tan Chee Fan , Teo Hui San , Park Jung Eun , Dutta Bamaprasad , Tse Shun Wilford , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Wahli Walter , Sze Siu Kwan
Published: May 2020

Studies have shown that the process of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion and lysosome status are linked. When the lysosome is under stress, the cells would secrete more EVs to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the process that governs lysosomal activity and EVs secretion remains poorly defined and we postulated that certain proteins essential for EVs biogenesis are constantly synthesized and preferentially sorted to the EVs rather than the lysosome. A pulsed stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) based quantitative proteomics methodology was employed to study the preferential localization of the newly synthesized proteins into the EVs over lysosome in mHypoA 2/28 hypothalamic cell line. Through proteomic analysis, we found numerous newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes—such as the cathepsin proteins—that preferentially localize into the EVs over the lysosome. Chemical inhibition against cathepsin D promoted EVs secretion and a change in the EVs protein composition and therefore indicates its involvement in EVs biogenesis. In conclusion, we applied a heavy isotope pulse/trace proteomic approach to study EVs biogenesis in hypothalamic cells. The results demonstrated the regulation of EVs secretion by the cathepsin proteins that may serve as a potential therapeutic target for a range of neurological disorder associated with energy homeostasis.
Progress and Challenges in the Use of MAP1LC3 as a Legitimate Marker for Measuring Dynamic Autophagy In Vivo
Authors: Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Bayry Jagadeesh , Tschan Mario P. , Muller Sylviane
Published: May 2020

Tremendous efforts have been made these last decades to increase our knowledge of intracellular degradative systems, especially in the field of autophagy. The role of autophagy in the maintenance of cell homeostasis is well documented and the existence of defects in the autophagic machinery has been largely described in diseases and aging. Determining the alterations occurring in the many forms of autophagy that coexist in cells and tissues remains complicated, as this cellular process is highly dynamic in nature and can vary from organ to organ in the same individual. Although autophagy is extensively studied, its functioning in different tissues and its links with other biological processes is still poorly understood. Several assays have been developed to monitor autophagy activity in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, based on different markers, the use of various inhibitors and activators, and distinct techniques. This review emphasizes the methods applied to measure (macro-)autophagy in tissue samples and in vivo via a protein, which centrally intervenes in the autophagy pathway, the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (MAP1LC3), which is the most widely used marker and the first identified to associate with autophagosomal structures. These approaches are presented and discussed in terms of pros and cons. Some recommendations are provided to improve the reliability of the interpretation of results.
A Survey on Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Rizzo Gianfranco , Naghinajad Shayesteh , Tiano Francesco , Marino Matteo
Published: May 2020

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) can be divided into three categories according to how the two propulsion systems (the thermal and the electric ones) supply the driving torque to the vehicle. When the torque is supplied only by an electric propulsion system, while the heat engine takes care of generating the electricity needed to operate the system, it is called a hybrid-series. Conversely, when both propulsion systems provide torque, the vehicle is identified with parallel hybrid wording. Among the parallel hybrids there is a particular configuration called Through-the-Road (TTR). In this configuration, the two propulsion systems are not mechanically connected to each other, but it is precisely the road that allows hybrid propulsion. This architecture, dating back to the early twentieth century, is still used by several manufacturers and carries with it peculiar configurations and control methods. It is also a configuration that fits well with the transformation of conventional vehicles into a hybrid. The paper presents a survey of the TTR HEV solution, evidencing applications, potentialities and limits.