bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure of Soft Scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples
Authors: Xu Yin , Ma Yizhou , Howard Nicholas P. , Chen Changbin , Tong Cindy B.S. , Celio Gail , DeEll Jennifer R. , Moran Renae E.
Published: December 2017

Soft scald is an apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) fruit disorder that appears in response to cold storage after about 2–8 weeks. It appears as a ribbon of dark tissue on the peel of the fruit, with occasional browning into the flesh. Several apple cultivars are susceptible to it, including Honeycrisp. The objectives of this study were to examine the cellular microstructure of fruit exhibiting soft scald and determine if any aspect of the peel microstructure at harvest could be indicative of future soft scald incidence. Light and electron microscopy were used to examine the peel microstructure of ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit that were unaffected or affected by soft scald. Tissue with soft scald had brown pigmented epidermal and hypodermal cells, whereas unaffected fruit peel epidermal cells were unpigmented. Cuticular wax of unaffected peel had upright wax platelets or clumps of wax, but peel surfaces with soft scald exhibited flattened granules and were more fragile than that of unaffected fruit. Epidermal cells of fruit with soft scald were more disorganized than that of unaffected fruit. Light microscopy was used to examine peels of ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit from four growing locations and fruit from a ‘Honeycrisp’ breeding population at harvest. ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ progeny fruit were also stored at 0 °C for 8 weeks and scored for soft scald incidence. Cross-sections of unaffected peel of stored ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit looked similar to that of freshly harvested fruit. No significant correlations were found between soft scald incidence and measured microstructural attributes of ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit at harvest, suggesting that peel microstructure cannot be used to predict possible soft scald incidence after storage.
Tax control of transfer pricing
Authors: Melnychenko Ruslan , Pugachevska Kateryna , Kasianok Kyrylo
Published: December 2017

The subject of the scientific work is analysis of the essence of the “transfer pricing” concept. It has been proven that transfer pricing is an economic and legal tool used by business entities for their tax burden optimization.
It has been concluded that the concept “transfer price” means the price generated by multinational corporations in the process of commercial activity between the affiliated companies located in different countries and, correspondingly, different tax jurisdictions. In essence, transfer pricing means intra-company pricing of goods transferred between the enterprise subdivisions located in different countries. Base erosion by means of transfer pricing can be performed not only based on the price manipulating by the affiliated companies, but also as a result of manipulating incomes and expenditures. The latter is accompanied by the financial resource withdrawal outside the national economy and its concentration in the low taxation jurisdictions.
Transfer pricing bears serious risks both for an individual country and for the world economy. Contractual freedom of transnational corporations and industrial and financial groups cannot be unlimited regardless of the principle of freedom of contracts in the private law relations. Economic activity of such business entities must subject to a strict control on the part of the country. In the process of transfer pricing tax control, the controlling state agencies are intended to prevent the decrease of tax liabilities by shifting the income to low tax jurisdictions by taxpayers.
The Effectiveness of Pre-Service English Teachers’ Collaborative Genre-Based Writing Feedback
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan
Published: December 2017

This study investigated the collaborative genre-based effectiveness among the pre-service English teachers (PSETs). Data collection used the genre-based writing feedback observation upon its reflection and instruction and need analysis questionnaire. The data analysis used multivariate statistics method to generalize the writing tests. The findings show that the PSETs’ feedback supported the interaction, accountability, and interdependence. These aspects are due to the collaborative participation in groups, in which the PSETs work with the flexibility, entirely performed the quality, and contributed in positive attitude during the meetings and assignments. The feedback emphasiz the learning improvement within the formative reflection through the general linear model (GLM) repeated measures analysis, where F=6,114 and p<0,01. This study concludes that the collaborative genre-based writing feedback has the positive response from the PSETs. The determinant ranges gains in between 85% to 90% after a series of genre-based writing lectures were conducted.
“Watching English Movie Helps Me!”: Language Exposure and Metacognitive Awareness on TOEFL
Authors: Fata Ika Apriani , Mutia Nyak
Published: December 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the correlation between metacognitive and language exposure to TOEFL of reading section. The framework of metacognitive was promoted by Veenman et al. and the model of language exposure was promoted by Magno et al. (2009). This research implemented a descriptive qualitative study. The questionnaire and rubricof metacognitive were applied as research instruments respectively. Furthermore, ten freshmen at Syiah Kuala University from various majors considered as strategic readers whose TOEFL score ranges of 400 above. It is prominently revealed that language exposures have a contribution for strategic readers in answering TOEFL in the reading section, in particular,media exposure. The respondents have a tendency to seek out the media availability as the major side on mastering reading TOEFL meanwhile language exposure at home is the lowest impact on students. In addition, metacognitive awareness has an impact on students’ performance in answering reading test of TOEFL the metacognition implementation, the students are eventually categorized on knowledge regulation in which the students relate the knowledge of TOEFL into planning, implementing strategies or information management, monitoring, correcting/debugging, and evaluating comprehension. It is assumed that this study has weakness on informants taken therefore as further studies, the researcher trigger to probe students of 500 TOEFL score above to investigate their learning strategy and language exposures accordingly.
How Ambiguous Is The Structural Ambiguity
Authors: Simatupang Masda Surti
Published: December 2017

A word, phrase, or sentence is ambiguous if it has more than one meaning. The ambiguity, however, can be noticed if one really has a linguistic knowledge on how to analyze the phrase or sentence. Of the two kinds of ambiguity, lexical and structural, the latter is the one which is explored further in this paper. Structural ambiguity occurs when a phrase or sentence has more than one underlying structure. The phrase can be disambiguated by putting it in a sentence with some sort of formal signals which help the reader or hearer to recognize the sentence structure. Some of the signals include function words, inflections, affixes, stress, juncture, and punctuation. The rest of this paper discusses some types of structural ambiguity, how they differ, and some possible ways to resolve them.
The Comparison of the Monolingual and Bilingual Japanese Students in The English Achievement
Authors: Dewi Ienneke Indra
Published: December 2017

Article is intended to know whether the monolingual or bilingual Japanese students are better in the English achievement and whether the exposure of English influences the ability. The data were taken from 60 Japanese students who are supposed to fill in the questionnaires regarding their language background. The English achievement data were taken from the students’ scores in Senior High School National Examination and the data further were compared to the TOEFL English score. The analysis is carried out using ANOVA analysis. This research indicates that monolinguals are better learners in English and exposure is proved to influence the students’ ability in English.
Perbedaan Penggunaan Toritatejoshi ‘Dake’ Dan ‘Bakari’ Dalam Novel Sakura House Karya Shizuko Toudou
Authors: Novianti Nalti , Windriani Yessie
Published: December 2017

An individual who only has little knowledge on grammar may use nouns, verbs, and adjectives in Japanese easily this is not the case with particles. Particles cannot be replaced or used at whim. This is the case with the particles ‘dake’ and ‘bakari’. These particles in Bahasa Indonesia language have the same meaning with “hanya”. This article analyzes particles ‘dake’ and ‘bakari’ to determine the difference of the two particles. Source of data is the novel Sakura House by Toudou Shizuko and theory from Tomita Takayuki. Based on the analysis it is found that from the four functions of dake only three are found and from the seven functions of bakari only three functions are found. The authors conclude that differences in the two particles are present on several different functions that have both particle and that the bakari may not follow potential words, while dake can. In this study, the author uses descriptive analytical method and literature review.
Spatiotemporal variations of snow characteristics in Xinjiang, China over 1961–2013
Authors: Ding Yang , Li Yi , Li Linchao , Yao Ning , Hu Wei , Yang Daqing , Chen Chunyan
Published: December 2017

Daily snow data during 1961–2013 at the 105 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, China were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of several parameters, including starting and ending dates, duration, annual and monthly average and maximum snow depths. The modified Mann–Kendall test, empirical mode decomposition, empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and the inverse distance weight interpolation were applied. Snow lasted for 71 to 120 days. Snow depth decreased from north to south. Daily snow depth had periodical variations and were classified as four typical types, i.e., flat peak, multi-peak, sharp single-peak, and right-skewed. After daily snow depth was decomposed into 17 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), IMF9, IMF10, and IMF11 over 189, 302, and 437 days of scales accounted for 79% of the total spatiotemporal variance in snow depth. Both annual starting and ending day numbers had decreasing trends, while the duration in days had an increasing trend. The average and maximum snow depth increased in most sites whether considering the seasonality in December, January, February, or annual values. EOF1 accounted for 70% of spatial variability and the temporal coefficient EC1 varied periodically. The spatiotemporal analysis of snow properties provides a basis for snowmelt understanding.
The control of small and medium sized public wastewater treatment plants in the Veneto region (North Italy): general situation, critical issues and case studies
Authors: Ostoich M. , Serena F. , Pozzobon A. , Tomiato L.
Published: December 2017

Water bodies' quality objectives are defined in accordance with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. For regulation and control of small-sized waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs), responsibility is delegated in Italy to Regional Authorities that fix specific regulations (Water Protection Plan WPP included in the River Basin Management Plan RBMP) in collaboration with the District Authorities. Small (<2,000 population equivalent – PE) and medium sized (2,000–10,000 PE) WWTPs in the Veneto Region (North Italy) represent about 10% of the total organic load (Imhoff systems included). This also comprises some industrial discharges. Due to the urban sprawl, plants are spread over the regional territory. In the Veneto Region, data from the official census reveals there are n. 248 plants under 2,000 PE and 135 plants in 2,000–10,000 range while the total number of authorized plants is 488 for a total potentiality of 9,141,572 PE. Data from institutional controls performed by the Veneto Regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV) on WWTPs has been recovered for all the WWTPs with up to 10,000 PE in the provinces of Venice, Treviso and Vicenza (for a total of 306,118 PE and for a total of 164 plants) in the period 2008–2015 and elaborated to assess critical parameters and plants. The general situation, critical issues and case studies have been presented and discussed. Organic load, nutrients and Escherichia coli are the most critical parameters considering the regional WPP.
Water sensitive planning and design as an ecologically inspired approach to delivering flood resilient urban environment in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayawardena H. M. I. D. P. , van Roon Marjorie
Published: December 2017

The paper draws on Colombo, Sri Lanka as the case study for developing Water Sensitive Planning and Design (WSPD) to deliver a flood resilient urban environment. Digital data and documentary data were evaluated to analyse water sensitive characteristics, potentials and constraints within the catchment. Spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS were used when analysing issues in the landscape mosaic. Evaluation of the landscape mosaic clearly identifies urban form and its significant issues in creating ecological links and patches, such as, marshes, streams, roads and shrubs that can create potential opportunities during stormwater management.

Geographically, the low-lying area plays an important role as the natural detention/retention basin for stormwater of the urban catchment during intensive rainfall. In addition, increased impervious surfaces created by high-density urban development and the limited availability of space have created challenges for retrofitting additional stormwater infrastructure. The study identifies the important role that urban planning can play in safeguarding strategies to deal with urban water related issues in more compromising and accommodating ways when situating stormwater infrastructure to optimise the connectivity and corridors. The study demonstrated the importance of street layouts in the urban landscape to support the development of WSPD. This approach provides sustainable ecological protection and outcomes to achieve a flood resilient environment in the catchment.
Aerobic granular biomass technology: advancements in design, applications and further developments
Authors: Pronk Mario , Giesen Andreas , Thompson Andrew , Robertson Struan , van Loosdrecht Mark
Published: December 2017

Aerobic granular sludge is seen as the future standard for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. Through a Dutch research and development program, a full-scale aerobic granular biomass technology has been developed – the Nereda® technology – which has been implemented to treat municipal and industrial wastewater. The Nereda® system is considered to be the first aerobic granular sludge technology applied at full-scale and more than 40 municipal and industrial plants are now in operation or under construction worldwide. Further plants are in the planning and design phase, including plants with capacities exceeding 1 million PE. Data from operational plants confirm the system's advantages with regard to treatment performance, energy-efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In addition, a new possibility for extracting alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE) from aerobic granular sludge has emerged which could provide sustainable reuse opportunities. The case is therefore made for a shift away from the ‘activated sludge approach’ towards an ‘aerobic granular approach’, which would assist in addressing the challenges facing the wastewater treatment industry in Asia and beyond.
Biosolids composting at the Borough of Mechanicsburg, PA WWTP
Authors: Stephens Aaron B. , Callahan Jennifer , Challenger Lisa C. , Adams Ron
Published: December 2017

The Borough of Mechanicsburg, located in central Pennsylvania, was experiencing challenges in finding sufficient agricultural fields to continue the beneficial use of their anaerobically digested liquid wastewater treatment plant Class B biosolids. At the time, the only alternative available was dewatering and going to landfill, which is significantly more expensive. Due to environmental concerns and costs related to the alternatives, biosolids composting was selected to produce a Class A/EQ (Exceptional Quality) biosolids product, thus providing expanded opportunities for beneficial use. From the initial feasibility review to operational status, the implementation spanned nine (9) years, starting in 2005. The upgrade to composting was in conjunction with many other plant upgrades. Material Matters, Inc. provided support through the entire process including the feasibility study, pilot testing, cost assessment, compost facility design requirements, equipment assessment and recommendation, start-up testing, software development, permitting, fertilizer registration, product promotion, and marketing.
Up-regulation of DMN Connectivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Via Network-based Cognitive Training
Authors: De Marco Matteo , Meneghello Francesca , Pilosio Cristina , Rigon Jessica , Venneri Annalena
Published: December 2017

Background:

Previous work designed a network-based protocol of cognitive training. This
programme exploits a mechanism of induced task-oriented co-activation of multiple regions that are part
of the default mode network (DMN), to induce functional rewiring and increased functional connectivity
within this network.

Objective:

In this study, the programme was administered to patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive
impairment to test its effects in a clinical sample.

Method:

Twenty-three patients with mild cognitive impairment (mean age: 73.74 years, standard deviation
5.13, female/male ratio 13/10) allocated to the experimental condition, underwent one month of
computerised training, while fourteen patients (mean age: 73.14 years, standard deviation 6.16, female/
male ratio 7/7) assigned to the control condition underwent a regime of intense social engagement.
Patients were in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as confirmed by clinical follow ups
for at least two years. The DMN was computed at baseline and retest, together with other, control patterns
of connectivity, grey matter maps and neuropsychological profiles.

Results:

A condition-by-timepoint interaction indicating increased connectivity triggered by the programme
was found in left parietal DMN regions. No decreases as well as no changes in the other networks
or morphology were found. Although between-condition cognitive changes did not reach statistical
significance, they correlated positively with changes in DMN connectivity in the left parietal region,
supporting the hypothesis that parietal changes were beneficial.

Conclusion:

This programme of cognitive training up-regulates a pattern of connectivity which is pathologically
down-regulated in AD. We argue that, when cognitive interventions are conceptualised as tools
to induce co-activation repeatedly, they can lead to clinically relevant improvements in brain functioning,
and can be of aid in support of pharmacological and other interventions in the earliest stages of
AD.
STUDY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Khokhar Neetu
Published: December 2017

The youth is said to be the future of the nation upon which the destiny of the country depends to a large extent. Most of the students during adolescence suffer from frustrations, conflicts, complexes, anxieties and worries. They experience problems in physical, mental, social, emotional and other adjustments. Since, it is encountered by students during psychologically disturbing and difficult years of their adolescence; it is consequently major mental experience for most of them. However, whatever is needed is an understanding of their adjustment problems and thereby seeking the solution of those problems. Therefore, it becomes an important area of studying their adjustment problems. This study has been taken to know the relationship between emotional intelligence and social adjustment in adolescents because emotional intelligence includes traits like self-awareness, social deftness, and the ability to delay gratification, to be optimistic in the face of adversity, to channel strong emotions and show empathy towards others. It involves recognition, use, understanding and management of one’s and others emotional state to solve problems and regulate behavior.
Mengurangi Kecemasan Pemustaka Dalam Proses Penelusuran Informasi Melalui Layanan Virtual Referens di Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Setiawan Moh Very
Published: December 2017

Each individual has different capabilities in addressing the information needs they everyone has different disparities in finding and managing information sources. This is related to differences in ability and confidence of each person. This article aims to examine how virtual referens services are provided by college libraries that can help reduce the anxiety of information needs of the user. The study of this article is done descriptively qualitatively by reviewing some literature related to information tracking activities and forms of referens service that can be applied in the college library. The results of this article explain that, to help reduce the anxiety of information needs of the users in information search, including can be done by providing virtual referens service. The form of virtual reference service that can be done in the library of universities such as: research consultation services conducted by Singapore Management University library, live chat and provision of information in the form of a video conducted by University of Kentucky library, a research guide conducted by Harvard University library, ask librarian service, research assistant service and so on.
Kemampuan Reagen Curcumax Mendeteksi Boraks dalam Bakso yang Direbus
Authors: Astuti Erna Dwi , Nugroho Widagdo Sri
Published: December 2017

Borax is a harmful compound to human health but sometimes was used illegally as preservative in meatball. Curcumax reagent is a compound which developed from the previous borax detector base on tumeric extract. This reagen was developed as an easy kit to apply in the field. This study aims were to determine accuracy of sight obesrvation and spectrophotometer to detected borax in boiled meatballs which tested by Curcumax and to determine the effect of boiling on the borax presence in the meatballs. This study was using meatballs groupas a control and another meatballs group preserve with borax 0.5%. Each treatment group was boiled in 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes and each treatment unit had three replications which consist five meatballs each of them. Boraxdetection was done by mixing 1ml Curcumax reagent into 1 ml meatball extract. Qualitative examination of borax presence in the meatballs was known based on the color changing of tested meatball’s extract from yellow became orange (direct sight with eyes). The Quantitaive analysis was done by measured using spectrophotometer base on wave-length (λ) at 570 nm. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) analysis. Borax detection using curcumax based on sight sense against color change giving an inconsistence result. Meanwhile quantitative measurement by spectrophotometer more accurate than one. Curcumax had been detected borax in meatball which boiled for 15 minutes.
Teorías sobre los sistemas complejos
Authors: Soler B Yezid
Published: December 2017

Resumen En la segunda mitad del siglo XX y en los comienzos del siglo XXI se ha intensificado el abordaje de la complejidad, de forma explícita y sistemática, desde diversas perspectivas conceptuales y experimentales. En el ámbito del Estado la dinámica del mundo contemporáneo exige contar con nuevas herramientas teóricas y prácticas de los sistemas complejos para la formulación y ejecución de nuevas políticas públicas.  En este ensayo se tratan en particular los aportes efectuados por Edgar Morín, Boaventura, Maldonado, Murray, Prigogine, Bertalanffy, entre otros. Estos autores retoman y articulan diversas nociones, proposiciones, conceptos y categorías, que desde diversas trayectorias disciplinares, definen la complejidad y los sistemas complejos, sus principios, estrategias, caracterización, acuerdos y conflictos. En la segunda parte del ensayo se presenta la postura personal frente a la complejidad, las nociones, proposiciones y conceptos emergentes y la perspectiva para el diseño de la investigación.
Development planning: from the concepts to the technique
Authors: Huertas Ramos Juan David
Published: December 2017

Planning and development concepts have independently evolved in their meaning until jointly configuring the development planning technique. Now then, by virtue of the fact that concepts make up realities, even institutions, this article proposes that the first step towards the development of a country is the consensus around the definition of such term, as it must be related to the cultural, historical, anthropological and geographic aspects that determine a nation; otherwise it would be unfruitful to design public policies. After a deductive exercise, it was concluded that the consensus on the meaning of development must be followed by the insertion thereof as a public institution in the structure of the State, as economic planning of development must be a state matter and not a government matter, which, this way will guarantee the dignification of the human individual and the non-use of the State for the stingy satisfaction of personal interests.
Collective decision making in complex systems
Authors: Jankovic Ivana
Published: December 2017

This paper aims to offer arguments in support of epistemic value of
collective decision-making, as well as to identify factors that contribute to
its success. Given that this form of decision-making is present in various
fields of human action, we will present the parallels between decision-making
in the economic organizations and in democratic theory. Noting the
similarities in the development of decision-making theory in those two areas
and the general shift from individual to collective cognitive competencies,
we will argue that the specific insights of organizational theory came should
be applied to democratic decision-making if we are to improve it. More
specifically, we will argue that the Page?s cognitive model of collective
decision-making, that came from modern organizational theory, based on the
logic of diversity, can well be justified and applied to the democratic,
especially deliberative institutions for solving political problems.
Plato’s notion of hypothesis in dialogues Meno, Phaedo and The Republic
Authors: Knezevic Visnja
Published: December 2017

The author analyses Plato?s use of the hypothesis notion in connection with
his hypotheses method, as it was articulated in Meno and Phaedo, and later
criticized in The Republic. It is shown that, at first, Plato?s use of this
notion was identical to its use in ancient Greek mathematics, and that the
same stands in regards with his method of inquiry - this, too, was at first
modeled after ancient Greek mathematical methods of analysis and diorismos.
Later, as he developed the metaphysical theory of forms, Plato distanced
himself from ideal of building philosophy on the model of ancient Greek
deductive science and established it as auto reflexive, critical thinking
instead, with dialectics as method in its own right.
Phenomenological aesthetics of music
Authors: Popovic Una
Published: December 2017

The analysis offered in this paper is focused on the consideration of three
examples of phenomenological aesthetics of music. Considerations of music
which can be found in N. Hartmann, R. Ingarden and M. Dufrenne represent the
focus of the analysis with respect to the key differences between their
positions, which are the effect of a different use of the phenomenological
method in view of the phenomenon of art. The analysis, therefore, is in all
three cases conducted through focusing on the relationship between the
phenomenological method and the specific character of music in relation to
other arts, as well as through a comparison of these positions. The result
of analysis represents an insight into new phenomenological understanding of
the formal character of the music, as opposed to the tradition of
aesthetics.
Mahtava peräsin ja pulleat purjeet: lihavuus, naiskuva ja seksuaalisuus kolmessa suomalaisessa populaarimusiikkikappaleessa
Authors: Pääkkölä Anna-Elena
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa rakennetaan siltaa suomalaisen kulttuurisen musiikintutkimuksen ja feministisen kulttuurisen lihavuustutkimuksen välillä ensimmäistä kertaa. Tavoitteena on tarkastella kriittisesti painodiskursseja suomalaisessa populaarimusiikissa kolmen esimerkin kautta: Kipparikvartetin ‘On lautalla pienoinen kahvila’ (1951), Leevi and the Leavingsin ‘Sopivasti lihava’ (1988), ja Jukka Pojan ‘Pläski’ (2007). Musiikkia analysoidaan sekä lyriikoiden että soivan materiaalin tasolla kulttuurisen lähiluvun avulla (Middleton 2012, Richardson 2016) , erityistä huomiota painon kuvailuun kiinnittäen. Yhtenä lisänäkökulmana artikkelissa käytetään autoetnografiaa (Kyrölä 2014), jossa tutkija tuo omia muistikuviaan ilmi laulujen esitys- tai kuulemistilanteissa esimerkkinä lihavan ihmisen kokemuksesta painodiskurssin musiikillisesta kuvailusta. Laulujen ja niiden painodiskurssien kautta avautuu useita kysymyksiä koskien laulujen naiskuvia, niiden seksualisointia ja kehollistamista, sekä niiden ihannointia ja kammoksumista. Lisäksi artikkelissa analysoidaan suomalaisuuden käsitettä (Lehtonen, Löytty & Ruuska 2004) osana hyväksyttävää naiseutta ja lihavuutta.

Kipparikvartetin ‘On lautalla pienoinen kahvila’ kuvailee kahta naista, Sannia ja Marleenaa, joista toinen on kaunis, toinen pullukka. Leevi and the Leavingsin ‘Sopivasti lihava’ kuvailee lihavaa naista seksuaalisena fetissinä. Jukka Pojan ‘Pläski’ levittää kehopositiivista kuvaa antamalla luvan olla “pläski”, jota voi verrata hiphop-kulttuurin sanaan “phat” (Gross 2005). Kaikkien laulujen nais- ja kehokuvia lähestytään huumorin kautta. Artikkelissa pohditaan, onko ilakoiva, karnevalistinen lähestymistapa toiseuttava vai hyväksyvä strategia kuvaamaan lihavaa kehoa, ja miten haluttava naiseus kuvastuu lihavuuteen. Hyväksyttävä naiseus on kaikissa esimerkeissä kyseenalaistettu tila liittyen nimenomaan lihavuuteen, seksuaalisuuteen ja kehollisuuteen, ja tätä ambivalenttia suhtautumista kuvataan sekä lyriikkojen että soivan materiaalin tasolla.
Helppotajuista arvokkuutta ja mandoliininsoittoa: suomalaisen keskimusiikin juurilla
Authors: Kurkela Vesa
Published: December 2017

Artikkeli lähtee huomiosta, että 1900-luvun alun Suomessa oli laaja musiikin alue elitistyvän taidemusiikin (highbrow) ja tanssimusiikin (lowbrow) välissä. Tämä ’middle-music’ eli keskimusiikki koostui monista eri alalajeista, joiden tausta oli 1800-luvun helppotajuisessa konsertti- ja käyttömusiikissa: ravintoloiden orkesterimusiikissa, torvisoitossa, kotimusiikissa, kuorolaulussa ja jopa koululauluissa. Musiikillisesti keskimusiikin tyyli kiteytyi salonkiorkesterien sovituskäytännöissä ja ohjelmistossa, jota hallitsivat tunnelmakappaleet sekä fantasiat ja potpurit erilaisista näyttämöllisistä ja kansallisista aiheista. 1900-luvun alussa keskimusiikin keskeistä kasvualustaa olivat mykkäelokuvien säestysmusiikki sekä iltamien juhlamusiikki. Niiden ohessa tarjontaa monipuolistivat vernakulaaristen kielisoitinten (sitra, mandoliini, balalaikka, kitara) varaan rakentuvat orkesterit. Artikkelin toinen puoli koostuu laajasta ekskurssista. Sen aiheena on varieteemusiikin kotouttaminen osaksi arvostettua kansallista konsertti- ja iltamatoimintaa. Päähenkilönä on saksalainen muusikko ja musiikkikauppias Josef Binnemann (1865–1942). Hän toimi aktiivisesti Helsingissä 1890-luvulta alkaen sitran, mandoliinin ja kitaran soitonopettajana ja populaaristajana.
Vanhustyön lähiesimies musiikillisena toimijana
Authors: Tähti Taru
Published: December 2017

Kun musiikki- ja taidetoimintaa toteutetaan osana ikääntyneiden hoivaa, vanhustyön lähiesimiehet nousevat tärkeään rooliin. Lähiesimiesten kulttuuritoimintaan liittyvistä näkemyksistä ja kokemuksista ei ole kuitenkaan vielä kirjoitettu paljon. Tämän tutkimuksen keskiössä on heidän musiikillinen toimijuutensa: Miten lähiesimiehet vaikuttavat musiikkitoiminnalla vanhuspalveluiden arkeen? Kuinka vanhuspalveluiden sosiokulttuuriset käytännöt vaikuttavat lähiesimiesten musiikillisen toimintaan? Tutkimus pohjautuu taidelähtöisten hyvinvointipalveluiden kehittämistyöhön, jota tutkija on tehnyt soveltavana etnomusikologina yhteistyössä Sastamalan seudun sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden lähiesimiesten kanssa. Etnografisin menetelmin kerätty tutkimusaineisto on koottu vuosina 2012–2016.

Lähiesimiesten musiikillinen toimijuus näyttäytyy käytännön teoissa: he toimivat musiikkitoiminnan toteuttajina ja sitä kautta ikäihmisten hyvinvoinnin tukijoina, hoivatyöntekijöiden ohjaajina ja kannustajina sekä hoivayhteisön musiikillisten verkostojen rakentajina. Lisäksi esimiehet ylläpitävät musiikkitoiminnalla omaa työssä jaksamistaan ja kehittävät omaa ammatillista toimijuuttaan. Lähiesimiehen musiikillinen toimijuus on tiiviissä vuorovaikutussuhteessa työ- ja hoivayhteisön muiden toimijoiden kanssa: toisaalta lähiesimiehet mahdollistavat ja rajaavat toiminnallaan asiakkaiden, työntekijöiden ja kollegoiden musiikillista toimijuutta, toisaalta muiden työntekijöiden asenteet ja tekemiset sekä annetut resurssit vaikuttavat heidän omiin mahdollisuuksiinsa viedä eteenpäin musiikki- ja muuta kulttuuritoimintaa. Vanhustenhoitoyhteisön jäsenet muodostavat yhdessä toimintaympäristön, joka rajaa ja määrää sekä toisaalta ohjaa ja mahdollistaa heidän yksilöllistä ja yhteisöllistä musiikillista toimijuuttaan.

Kulttuurisen vanhustyön käytäntöjä suunniteltaessa on tärkeää huomioida myös lähiesimiesten ja päälliköiden henkilökohtainen suhde taiteeseen. Oman musiikillisen kokemuksen ja toiminnan kautta esimiehille voi aueta uusia mahdollisuuksia kiinnostua itsestään sekä ammatillisena että taiteellisena toimijana ja merkitysten antajana sekä ymmärrystä ja välineitä sosiaali- ja terveysalan hoiva- ja työyhteisöiden arkisiin haasteisiin.
Media and journalism training in Vanuatu
Authors: Mandavah Dave
Published: December 2017

Commentary: In 2009, a two-year diploma course in Journalism and Media began at the Vanuatu Institute of Technology. It was the first full time journalism and media course in the country and was long overdue as the local media industry expanded. It is the only diploma level course offered at the VIT. The Pacific Media and Communications Facility was established at VIT seven years ago as part of an AusAID initiative, managed by MDI International in association with MC Media and Associates. Work in the facility served as the basis of the two-year diploma course. It provided a foundation for more than 30 graduates, many of whom are now employed in the burgeoning media industry in Vanuatu. This commentary traces the background and development of this programme.
Ngā Tikanga Whakamāori Kōrero
Authors: Kelly Hemi
Published: December 2017

Nō te whakamanatanga o te Ture Reo Māori i te tau 1987 ka ara ake i tana moe te mahi nei o te whakamāori kōrero. Nā te ākinga e taua ture i puāwai ai te ahumahi whakamāori i ngā tau tata o muri mai, ā, mohoa nei e kaha tonu ana i te rāngai pāpāho, i te rāngai ture me te rāngai mātauranga. Hei tā Te Rōpū Kaiwhakamāori ā-waha, ā-tuhi o Aotearoa1 e tika ai tētehi whakamāoritanga me mau tonu te aronga ake o ngā kōrero ake, ā, kia kaua rawa atu te whakaaro e whakariroia, e tāpirihia, e tangohia rānei e te kaiwhakamāori.2 Ahakoa he aha te reo, ahakoa te momo reo, kei te kaiwhakamāori te haepapa ki te whakatutuki i tēnā whāinga, engari te kaiwhakamāori tuhinga pakimaero, ko te wātea ōna kei te āhua o tāna whakamāori i te tuhinga, inā hoki, kotahi te kōrero, manomano whakamāoritanga. E rua ngā tino tikanga hei whāinga mā te kaiwhakamāori; ko tētehi ko te whakaahurea-tauiwi3 i te kōrero, arā, ko te mau tonu ki te ahurea me ngā ariā o te tuhinga ake, ahakoa pēwhea nei te rerekē o taua ahurea me aua ariā i ō te reo tuarua. Tēnā ko tēnei, ko te whakaahurea-māori4 i te kōrero, arā, ko te whakahāngai mai i te ahurea me ngā ariā o te tuhinga ake ki ō te reo tuarua (Yang, 2010). Ehara noa iho i te whakamāori ākupu, engari he whakamāori i te ahurea kia tau ai te noho o te kōrero i roto i te reo tuarua. Kāti, kia tirohia ētehi tauira o mua me ētehi o nā tata nei i whakamāorihia mai i te reo Pākehā e whai ana i ēnei tikanga whakamāori e rua. Mā te pēnā e mōhiotia ai me pēwhea te kaiwhakamāori tuhinga pakimaero i ēnei rā.  Ko te Paipera Tapu te pukapuka kua kaha rawa te whakamāorihia, huri i te ao. Kua eke tonu ki te 3000 ngā reo o tēnei pukapuka (Wycliffe Global Alliance, 2017). Nō te tau 1827 i tāia tuatahitia ai ētehi wāhanga o te Paipera Tapu i Poihākena. He mea whakamāori aua wāhanga nā ngā mihingare, nā Henry “Karuwhā” rāua ko tana teina, ko William “Parata” Williams (New Zealand Bible Society, 2017). Kei whea rā he tauira i tua atu i tā rāua i waiho mai ai hei whakaatu i te tikanga o te whakaahurea-tauiwi i te kōrero? Ahakoa he rerekē noa atu tā te Karaitiana titiro ki te ao, i tā te Māori, kāore ngā koroua rā i paku whai ki te whakaahurea-māori i ngā kōrero. Heoi anō, he whāinga anō tā ngā mihingare i pēnā ai rātou. Nā te pēnā i ako ai ngā iwi Māori i ngā tikanga me ngā ariā ā-ahurea o te whakapono Karaitiana.
Violencia escolar: la perspectiva de estudiantes y docentes
Authors: Pacheco-Salazar Berenice
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de la investigación realizada fue conocer las concepciones que tienen estudiantes y docentes sobre las causas de la violencia escolar. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño cualitativo en dos centros educativos del segundo ciclo de la enseñanza primaria en República Dominicana, en una población de 604 estudiantes y 23 docentes. El levantamiento de información se realizó a través de talleres lúdico-creativos, entrevistas a profundidad, grupos focales y observación no participante. Los resultados de la investigación destacan la existencia de débiles lazos de amistad, apego a los estereotipos de género e interiorización de la violencia como una forma de diversión. Las conclusiones son relevantes para el diseño e implementación de programas de atención y erradicación de la violencia escolar.
PRAKTEK TATA KELOLA DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL: BUKTI EMPIRIS DARI SEKTOR INDUSTRI PERBANKAN
Authors: Pangeran Perminas , Salaunaung Deresti
Published: December 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh praktek tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kepemilikan institusional pada perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan skor tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kepemilikan institusional. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 26 bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktek tata kelola perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kepemilikan institusional. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa investor institusional cenderung memegang saham perusahaan dengan tata kelola yang baik dan mendukung usaha Bank Indonesia dalam meningkatkan praktek tata keloladi sektor perbankan.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of corporate governance practice on institutional ownership at the banking company in Indonesia. The research is carried by looking at the score of corporate governance on institutional ownership. This study was conducted on 26 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.The results showed that corporate governance practices have a positive influence on institutional ownership. The results of this study indicate that institutional investors tend to hold shares of companies with good corporate governance and support the efforts of Bank Indonesia in improving governance practices in the banking sector.
IMPACT CASH FLOW RIGHT LEVERAGE OF CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDER ON PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sanjaya I Putu Sugiartha
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of cash flow rights leverage of controlling shareholder on performance. The ownership of common stock has some rights such as control rights and cash flow rights. Control rights are the rights of common shareholders to elect board of directors and other company’s policies, such as the issuence of securities, stock split and substansial changes in company’s operation (Du and Dai, 2005). Cash flow rights are the financial claims of shareholders on the companies (La Porta et al., 1999). Case in Indonesia, commonly there are differences between control rights and cash flow rights. It  is called cash flow right leverage. The large leverage indicates the large agency conflict between controlling shareholder and non-controlling shareholders. The low leverage indicates the low agency conflict. It will impact on performance. If the control rights are greater than cash flow rights, it indicates the larger agency problem. It indicates that the power of the controlling shareholder in the company is larger than claim to the firm. It is incentive for a controlling shareholder to expropriate non-controlling shareholders through utilizing assets of company for his/her private benefit. This study uses the sample of the manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period 2001-2007. Performance is measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The results of this study show that the cash flow right leverage of controlling shareholder has negative impacts on performance. It means the large agency conflict (cash flow right leverage) between controlling and non-controlling shareholders reduce performance. The results of this study can give contribution for Indonesia Financial Service Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK)) to monitor public companies in Indonesia. This institution more focus for companies which has large cash flow right leverage. Because, it indicates the large agency problem between controlling and non-controlling shareholders.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA SEKTOR KEUANGAN YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2007-2010
Authors: Hastuti Rini Tri , Suhendah Rousilita
Published: December 2017

This research examine the effect of insider ownership and institutional ownership on corporate performance on  financial sector that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2007-2010.There is 11th  banking on this sample with multiple purposive sampling criteria. Research data was collected from Indonesian Capital Market Diectory. This research findings are insider ownership  significant effected  operational expenses to operational income  ratio and Loan to deposit ratio. But this failed to examine that institusional ownership  effect operational expenses to operational income  ratio and Loan to deposit ratio.  The result of this study revealed that  insider ownership and institusional ownership did not affect leverage.
Türkiye Mercimek (Lens culinaris Medik.) Üretimindeki Yabancı Ot Sorunlarının Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını - Şanlıurfa Örneği
Authors: Arslan Zübeyde Filiz , Aksu Altun Ayçin , Bilgili Ayşin
Published: December 2017

Mercimek, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde kuru tarım yapılan alanlarda, buğday veya arpa ile münavebe yapılarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, mercimek üretim alanlarında bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, Şanlıurfa ilinde yürütülmüştür. Yabancı ot türlerinin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2014 yılında 70 mercimek tarlasında survey yapılmıştır. İncelenen tarlalardaki en yaygın türler %64,29, 55,71, 51,43, 50,00, 45,71 ve 44,29 oranlarıyla; Sinapis arvensis L. (yabani hardal), Avena sterilis L. (yabani yulaf), Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrader (pelemir), Triticum aestivum L. (kendi gelen buğday), Galium aparine L. (dilkanatan) ve Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (arap baklası) olarak sıralanmıştır. Çalışma yapılan tarlalarda yaygın ve yoğun olmamasına rağmen bazı geofit ve endemik türlere de rastlanılmıştır. Bölgede daha önce yapılan çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında, yabancı ot türleri ile bu türlerin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarında önemli düzeyde değişiklikler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişikliklerin bölgede sulanan alanların artmasından sonra bitki deseninin ve üretim şeklinin değişmesiyle birlikte, herbisit kullanımı başta olmak üzere bazı tarımsal uygulamaların değişmesi gibi nedenlerle gelecekte daha da artacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Some Galium (Rubiaceae) Species Against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Yağız Filiz , Battaloğlu Rifat , İlk Sedef , Savran Ahmet
Published: December 2017

In this work, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Galium incanum, Galium dieckii ve Galium aladaghense were firstly reported. The essential oils were obtained from the all parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by using GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity of synthezied essential oils was carried out against 5 pathogen bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (P. syringae) DC300, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhmurium (S. typhmurium) SL 1344 and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) ATCC 25175. According to the results, it was determined that isolated essential oils comprised of 61 compounds. Compounds of essential oils included that structure monoterpene (8.2%), monoterpenoid (14.75%) and sesquiterpene (14.75%). Unclassified compounds have been identified as other compounds. From the antimicrobial activity was observed that the isolated essential oil from Galium incanum, Galium dieckii ve Galium aladaghense exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against all gram negative and gram positive bacteria with diameter of inhibition zones ranging from 4.3 to 12.3 mm. Essential oil of Galium aladaghense indicated that high antimicrobial activity on all bacteria than Galium incanum and Galium dieckii.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Some Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) from Freshwater Sites in Tokat Province of Turkey
Authors: Karan Tunay , Erenler Ramazan , Altuner Zekeriya
Published: December 2017

Collected blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) from freshwater sites throughout Tokat province and its outlying areas were isolated in laboratory environment and their morphological systematics were determined and also their species identifications were studied by molecular methods. Seven different species of blue-green algae collected from seven different sites were isolated by purifying in cultures in laboratory environment. DNA extractions were made from isolated cells and extracted DNAs were amplified by using PCR. Cyanobacteria specific primers were used to amplify 16S rRNA and phycocyanine gene regions using PCR. Phylogenetic identification of species were conducted by evaluation of obtained sequence analysis data by using computer software. According to species identification by sequence analysis, it was seen that molecular data supports morphological systematics.