bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias de afrontamiento y resistencia sociofamiliares ante el paramilitarismo en Doradal, Antioquia
Authors: Torres Gómez Myriam Fernanda , Arias Maria Camila
Published: April 2022

Las familias son las principales receptoras de los hechos y/o consecuencias de las acciones delictivas queemergen con el conflicto armado. Aunque se han creado diversas leyes que buscan reparar y no repetir losactos violentos, se observa que en muchas ocasiones se revictimiza a la población al vulnerar sus derechos.En este sentido, las víctimas asumen estrategias de afrontamiento y resistencia para sobreponerse a esesinnúmero de hechos violentos a los cuales fueron sometidos de manera directa e indirecta, generandonuevas adaptaciones y reconfiguraciones familiares. El presente artículo resultado de investigación científicaanaliza las trayectorias, estrategias de afrontamiento y resistencia familiares y sociales, de un grupo defamilias víctimas del paramilitarismo en Doradal – Antioquía, producto de un ejercicio de indagación cualitativo,enfoque hermenéutico, desde el método estudio de caso múltiple. Como conclusiones se planteaque el impacto del paramilitarismo incide en la configuración de las familias por las ausencias o perdidasde integrantes, irrumpe en las trayectorias familiares generando afectaciones emocionales y de fracturaen el tejido social, conectadas con los permanentes hechos victimizante, y que a pesar de ello, las familiasse sobreponen mediante estrategias de afrontamiento familiares y sociales, donde se configuran nuevosvínculos a nivel interno y externo que propicia movilizaciones, resistencias y resignificaciones como sobrevivientes-supervivientes del conflicto armado interno
H-atom and O-atom methods: from balancing redox reactions to determining the number of transferred electrons
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana
Published: April 2022

Defining and balancing redox reaction requires both chemical knowledge and mathematical skills. The prevalent approach is to use the concept of oxidation number to determine the number of transferred electrons. However, the task of calculating oxidation numbers is often challenging. In this article, the H-atom method and O-atom method are developed for balancing redox equations. These two methods are based on the definition of redox reaction, which is the gain and loss of hydrogen or oxygen atoms. They complement current practices and provide an alternate path to balance redox equations. The advantage of these methods is that calculation of oxidation number is not required. Atoms are balanced instead. By following standard operating procedures, H-atom, O-atom, and H2O molecule act as artificial devices to balance both inorganic and organic equations in molecular forms. By using the H-atom and O-atom methods, the number of transferred electrons can be determined by the number of transferred H-atoms or O-atoms, which are demonstrated as electron-counting concepts for balancing redox reactions. In addition, the relationships among the number of transferred H-atom, the number of transferred O-atom, the number of transferred electrons, and the change of oxidation numbers are established.
Mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete using artificial clay aggregate
Authors: Al-Dikheeli Mohammed Riyadh , Thaib Hasanein M. , Alasadi Layth AbdulRasool
Published: April 2022

This work intends to make structural lightweight aggregate concrete by using artificial expanded clay aggregate with different replacement levels from normal coarse aggregate and improve it with a high-performance superplasticizer to increase its strength. The mechanical characteristics covered in the present work were compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength in addition to freezing and thawing resistance. Different densities were found for all mixes ranging between normal and lightweight concrete and that depends on the replacement of normal aggregate with lightweight aggregates. Mixes with replacement exceeding 25% give compressive strength less than 17 MPa and cannot be regarded as structural lightweight concrete. Modified mixes give higher values of mechanical properties, and also some non-structural lightweight concrete mixes were improved to structural lightweight concrete by using PC-superplasticizer in this study. The research also includes freezing and thawing cycles on reference mixes and lightweight mixes. Lightweight mixes give high durability against freeze-thaw cycles where the reduction in compressive strength was 6.2, 4.6, and 5.5% for 10% rep, 15% rep, and 20% rep mixes, respectively, compared with 32.2% reduction for reference mix.
Self-efficacy beliefs among baccalaureate nursing students – A cross-sectional, comparative study
Authors: Nordhus Gerd E.M. , NaNongkhai Pancheewa , Hofseth Almås Synnøve
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to explore baccalaureate nursing students’ self-efficacy beliefs related to theoretical coursework. Self-efficacy, i.e., the perception of one’s ability to successfully complete a task, has been shown to correlate positively with academic performance and persistence. Nursing students from a large Norwegian university participated (n=132). Data were collected through a digital questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistics. Descriptive analysis was performed. Student groups were compared according to gender, age, and year of study using one-way analyses of variance and independent sample t-tests. The findings suggest that the students’ self-efficacy beliefs related to theoretical coursework are quite high, with few significant differences between the groups. While the students have confidence in their ability to reach academic goals, self-efficacy when facing stress and distraction is lower. The findings may be of interest to educators striving to optimize learning in baccalaureate nursing programs.
The association between induction of labour in nulliparous women at term and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ho Nicole , Liu Cathy Z. , Tanaka Keisuke , Lehner Christoph , Sekar Renuka , Amoako Akwasi A.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the rate of subsequent spontaneous preterm birth in patients with previous induction of labour at term compared to women with previous spontaneous labour at term.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of all women with consecutive births at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital between 2014 and 2018. All nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and induction of labour at term or in spontaneous labour at term in the index pregnancy were included. Data was extracted from electronic medical records. The outcome of spontaneous preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy was compared between patients with previous term induction of labour and in previous term spontaneous labour.

Results

A total of 907 patients with consecutive births met the inclusion criteria; of which 269 (29.7%) had a term induction of labour and 638 (70.3%) had a term spontaneous labour in the index pregnancy. The overall subsequent spontaneous preterm birth rate was 2.3%. Nulliparous women who underwent term induction of labour were less likely to have a subsequent preterm birth compared to nulliparous women in term spontaneous labour (0.74 vs. 2.98%; odds ratio [OR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–1.07; p=0.0496) in the index pregnancy. This however was not significant once adjusted for confounders (adjusted OR, 0.29; p=0.10). Spontaneous preterm birth was associated with a previous spontaneous labour compared to induction of labour between 37 to 37+6 and 38 to 38+6 weeks (adjusted OR 0.18 and 0.21; p=0.02 and 0.004 respectively).

Conclusions

Term induction of labour does not increase the risk of subsequent spontaneous preterm birth compared to spontaneous labour at term in nulliparous women. Further research is needed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of women and to evaluate the effect of elective IOL among low-risk nulliparous women.
Innate immune sensors for detecting nucleic acids during infection
Authors: Ghoreshi Zohreh-alsadat , Nakhaee Mohsen , Samie Mohammad , Zak Mohsen Sharif , Arefinia Nasir
Published: April 2022

Innate immune receptors detect nucleic acids, such as viruses, and initiate an immune response by secreting interferon (IFN) and regulating IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). in autoimmune conditions, expression of ISGs funded, show the activation of nucleic acid sensory pathways. However, the nucleus-localized innate sensors are recently found to detect pathogenic nucleic acids for initiating innate response, demonstrating a complicated crosstalk with cytoplasmic sensors and signaling molecules to form an elaborate tiered innate signaling network between nucleus and cytoplasm. to sustain immune hemostasis, these innate immune sensors develop different strategies for discriminating between self or non-self-nucleic acid. We reviewed all the sensors involved in the innate immune system in the present study. A better understanding of these sensors can lead to new treatments for infections, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Research on facial expression recognition based on an improved fusion algorithm
Authors: Yaermaimaiti Yilihamu , Kari Tusongjiang , Zhuang Guohang
Published: April 2022

This article puts forward a facial expression recognition (FER) algorithm based on multi-feature fusion and convolutional neural network (CNN) to solve the problem that FER is susceptible to interference factors such as non-uniform illumination, thereby reducing the recognition rate of facial expressions. It starts by extracting the multi-layer representation information (asymmetric region local binary pattern [AR-LBP]) of facial expression images and cascading them to minimize the loss of facial expression texture information. In addition, an improved algorithm called divided local directional pattern (DLDP) is used to extract the original facial expression image features, which not only retains the original texture information but also reduces the time consumption. With a weighted fusion of the features extracted from the above two facial expressions, new AR-LBP-DLDP facial local features are then obtained. Later, CNN is used to extract global features of facial expressions, and the local features of AR-LBP-DLDP obtained by weighted fusion are cascaded and fused with the global features extracted by the CNN, thereby producing the final facial expression features. Ultimately, the final facial expression features are input into Softmax for training and classification. The results show that the proposed algorithm, with good robustness and real-time performance, effectively improves the recognition rate of facial expressions.
Tunning self-assembled phases of bovine serum albumin via hydrothermal process to synthesize novel functional hydrogel for skin protection against UVB
Authors: Yadav Kanchan , Das Megha , Mishra Nitesh Kumar , Chhabra Anuj , Mishra Archana , Srivastava Sunita , Sharma Poonam , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Parmar Avanish Singh
Published: April 2022

Ultraviolet rays – B (UVB) can be efficiently absorbed by the cellular molecules of skin inducing damage within skin cells and a major cause of melanoma cancer. In recent years, several studies have reported the adverse effects of traditionally used organic and inorganic material-based sunscreens and UVB blockers. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been used as a precursor to synthesize temperature- and pressure-dependent phase transition from sol (globular aggregates) – gel (hydrogels) – sol (carbon quantum dots) using a single-step hydrothermal method with an objective to develop an efficient and effective UVB blocker. The synthesized hydrogels exhibit UV – attenuation, self-fluorescence, and high biocompatibility properties that make them a suitable candidate for UV-blocker or sunscreen material. The biological efficacy of the hydrogels was studied through cyto-toxicity studies. Also, UVB blocking efficiency of developed hydrogel in primary mice skin cell culture as well as in vivo in mice model was studied. In vivo study on mice further demonstrated prominent thickening of stratum corneum and epidermis with perivascular edema in the dermis after 5 days of UVB exposure. Hence, this suggesting that hydrogel could be a potential candidate for protecting the skin from UVB exposure and reducing the threat of skin cancer.
Competitiveness and impact of government policy on chili in Indonesia
Authors: Saptana Saptana , Ariningsih Ening , Ashari Ashari , Gunawan Endro , Perwita Atika Dyah , Sukmaya Syahrul Ganda , Saliem Handewi Purwati , Purba Helena Juliani , Indraningsih Kurnia Suci , Pitaloka Atika Dian , Hayati Nur Qomariah
Published: April 2022

Indonesian chili faces some problems in increasing production, added value, and competitiveness of chili products, mainly in terms of quantity, quality, and continuity. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the private and social profitability of chili farming, (2) to analyze the chili competitiveness from both competitive and comparative advantage perspectives, (3) to examine government policy impact on chili performance, and (4) to formulate strategies to encourage chili development in Indonesia. The results of the policy analysis matrix revealed that chili farming in Indonesia’s production centers is profitable, both privately and socially. It also has competitiveness, both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitiveness occurs in Bandung district, West Java, with a coefficient of private cost ratio (PCR) of 0.416 and a domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR) of 0.269. Meanwhile, the lowest competitiveness occurs in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, with a PCR coefficient of 0.857 and a DRCR of 0.556. This study also concluded that for Indonesia, it is more profitable to increase domestic chili production than importing from abroad. Strategic policies for chili development can be implemented by using hybrid seeds, complete and balanced fertilization, improving irrigation infrastructure and farming roads, increasing the capacity of farmers’ resources, and expanding the objectives and market segments.
Mesolithic Montology
Authors: Warren Graeme
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the Mesolithic occupation of mountain environments in Europe. The montane Mesolithic is a important aspect of the Mesolithic as a whole, but neither its significance nor its potential is fully recognised. Evidence also suggests that we have not communicated this to the wider interdisciplinary community of mountain researchers – a field sometimes known as montology – which is dominated by models of human behaviour in mountains drawn from agricultural examples. Leading publications in the latter field have suggested that human use of mountains can be understood as structured by three key themes: resources, valuable minerals and precious stones, and the cultural importance of mountains. These themes are used to review the Mesolithic record.
Improving the usefulness of research data with better paradata
Authors: Huvila Isto
Published: April 2022

Considerable investments have been made in Europe and worldwide for developing research data infrastructures. Instead of a general lack of data about data, it has become apparent that a pivotal factor that drastically constrains data use is the absence of contextual knowledge about how data was created and how it has been curated and used. This applies especially to many branches of social science and humanities research, where data is highly heterogeneous, both by its kind (e.g. being qualitative, quantitative, naturalistic, purposefully created) and origins (e.g. being historical/contemporary, from different contexts and geographical places). The problem is that there may be enough metadata (data about data) but there is too little paradata (data on the processes of its creation, curation and use). The aim of this position paper is to draw attention 1) to the need for a better and more systematic understanding and documentation of the contexts of creation, curation and use of research data to make it useful and usable for researchers and other potential users in the future, and 2) to specific obstacles that make the capturing of this particular type of metadata, known as paradata, especially difficult. Failing to understand what information about the creation, curation and use of research data is needed and how to capture enough of that information risks that the currently collected vast amounts of research data become useless in the future.
Bärnighausen Trees – A group–subgroup reference database
Authors: Block Theresa , Seidel Stefan , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: April 2022

Group–subgroup schemes are a useful tool in crystal chemistry for systemizing crystal structures and they are an indispensable help during X-ray crystallographic studies of complex, twinned and modulated structures. Meanwhile many superstructure variants are summarized within so-called Bärnighausen trees. The present database lists relevant literature with respect to the crystallographic/group-theoretical tools and original work and gives a tabulated overview on the crystallographic fingerprints (aristotype, space group symbol, Pearson code and Wyckoff sequence) of the respective superstructures.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Signals the Need to Control Intrusive Thoughts during Motivated Forgetting
Authors: Crespo-García Maité , Wang Yulin , Jiang Mojun , Anderson Michael C. , Lei Xu
Published: April 2022

How do people limit awareness of unwanted memories? When such memories intrude, a control process engages the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) to inhibit hippocampal activity and stop retrieval. It remains unknown how the need for control is detected, and whether control operates proactively to prevent unwelcome memories from being retrieved, or responds reactively, to counteract intrusions. We hypothesized that dorsal ACC (dACC) detects the emergence of an unwanted trace in awareness and transmits the need for inhibitory control to rDLPFC. During a memory suppression task, we measured in humans (both sexes) trial-by-trial variations in the theta power and N2 amplitude of dACC, two EEG markers that are thought to reflect the need for control. With simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings, we tracked interactions among dACC, rDLPFC, and hippocampus during suppression. We found a clear role of dACC in detecting the need for memory control and upregulating prefrontal inhibition. Importantly, we identified distinct early (300–450 ms) and late (500–700 ms) dACC contributions, suggesting both proactive control before recollection and reactive control in response to intrusions. Stronger early activity was associated with reduced hippocampal activity and diminished BOLD signal in dACC and rDLPFC, suggesting that preempting retrieval reduced overall control demands. In the later window, dACC activity was larger, and effective connectivity analyses revealed robust communication from dACC to rDLPFC and from rDLPFC to hippocampus, which are tied to successful forgetting. Together, our findings support a model in which dACC detects the emergence of unwanted content, triggering top-down inhibitory control, and in which rDLPFC countermands intruding thoughts that penetrate awareness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPreventing unwanted memories from coming to mind is an adaptive ability of humans. This ability relies on inhibitory control processes in the prefrontal cortex to modulate hippocampal retrieval processes. How and when reminders to unwelcome memories come to trigger prefrontal control mechanisms remains unknown. Here we acquired neuroimaging data with both high spatial and temporal resolution as participants suppressed specific memories. We found that the anterior cingulate cortex detects the need for memory control, responding both proactively to early warning signals about unwelcome content and reactively to intrusive thoughts themselves. When unwanted traces emerge in awareness, anterior cingulate communicates with prefrontal cortex and triggers top-down inhibitory control over the hippocampus through specific neural oscillatory networks.
Farmer Motivations for Excess Nitrogen Use in the U.S. Corn Belt
Authors: Houser Matthew
Published: April 2022

Improving the use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most effective ways to mitigate agriculture’s contributions to climate change and water-quality degradation. However, studies suggest that many farmers worldwide are exceeding annual-profitable nitrogen rates and thus “overapplying” nitrogen. This paper utilizes a case study to understand overapplication at the individual level, focusing on (1) prevalence and severity of overapplication as defined by maximum profitable thresholds and (2) gaining an understanding of what factors limit overapplying farmers’ desire and capacity to lower their rates. Using a sample of 132 interviews with row-crop farmers in three states in the Midwestern United States, I find that 37% of interviewed farmers overapplied nitrogen by 5 lbs./acre or more, with few farmers adjusting rates annually and the largest farmers being most likely to overapply. When asked what prevented them from reducing their rates, overapplying farmers felt their current rates were appropriate or profitable, and thus, they did not desire to reduce them. Of these farmers, some assumed they could not be overapplying, some used more N to achieve maximized production, while others intentionally overapplied as a risk-mitigation strategy. I conclude by offering recommendations for policy and future research to build on this case study.
Thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to seasonal Arctic sea ice thickness distributions from airborne observations
Authors: von Albedyll Luisa , Hendricks Stefan , Grodofzig Raphael , Krumpen Thomas , Arndt Stefanie , Belter H. Jakob , Birnbaum Gerit , Cheng Bin , Hoppmann Mario , Hutchings Jennifer , Itkin Polona , Lei Ruibo , Nicolaus Marcel , Ricker Robert , Rohde Jan , Suhrhoff Mira , Timofeeva Anna , Watkins Daniel , Webster Melinda , Haas Christian
Published: April 2022

Sea ice thickness is a key parameter in the polar climate and ecosystem. Thermodynamic and dynamic processes alter the sea ice thickness. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition provided a unique opportunity to study seasonal sea ice thickness changes of the same sea ice. We analyzed 11 large-scale (∼50 km) airborne electromagnetic sea thickness and surface roughness surveys from October 2019 to September 2020. Data from ice mass balance and position buoys provided additional information. We found that thermodynamic growth and decay dominated the seasonal cycle with a total mean sea ice thickness increase of 1.4 m (October 2019 to June 2020) and decay of 1.2 m (June 2020 to September 2020). Ice dynamics and deformation-related processes, such as thin ice formation in leads and subsequent ridging, broadened the ice thickness distribution and contributed 30% to the increase in mean thickness. These processes caused a 1-month delay between maximum thermodynamic sea ice thickness and maximum mean ice thickness. The airborne EM measurements bridged the scales from local floe-scale measurements to Arctic-wide satellite observations and model grid cells. The spatial differences in mean sea ice thickness between the Central Observatory (<10 km) of MOSAiC and the Distributed Network (<50 km) were negligible in fall and only 0.2 m in late winter, but the relative abundance of thin and thick ice varied. One unexpected outcome was the large dynamic thickening in a regime where divergence prevailed on average in the western Nansen Basin in spring. We suggest that the large dynamic thickening was due to the mobile, unconsolidated sea ice pack and periodic, sub-daily motion. We demonstrate that this Lagrangian sea ice thickness data set is well suited for validating the existing redistribution theory in sea ice models. Our comprehensive description of seasonal changes of the sea ice thickness distribution is valuable for interpreting MOSAiC time series across disciplines and can be used as a reference to advance sea ice thickness modeling.
Microbial extracellular enzyme activity with simulated climate change
Authors: Sorouri Bahareh , Allison Steven D.
Published: April 2022

It is critical to understand the consequences of environmental change for the microbial regulation of carbon and nutrient cycling. Specifically, understanding microbial community traits, such as extracellular enzyme activity, can help inform nutrient cycling models and address knowledge gaps. We analyzed data on extracellular enzyme activities and litter decomposition from an 18-month experiment in which microbial communities were reciprocally transplanted along a climate gradient in Southern California. Communities were from desert, scrubland, grassland, pine–oak, and subalpine ecosystems. We aimed to test how enzyme activities responded to climate change following transplantation and how those responses related to decomposition rates. We hypothesized that microbial communities would specialize on their native climate conditions, resulting in higher enzyme activities when transplanted back into their native climate. We investigated the relationship between extracellular enzyme Vmax values, substrate mass loss, and microbial biomass as well as variation in these variables across the climate gradient. We found little evidence for climate specialization, and there was rarely a reduction in enzyme functioning after microbial communities were transplanted into new climate conditions. Moreover, observed differences in decomposition were not related to changes in extracellular enzyme potential, although there were significant differences in enzyme activities and decomposition rates across sites. These results suggest that direct, physiological impacts of climate are likely to be important for enzyme-mediated decomposition, but climate specialization will not constrain the microbial response to climate change in our system.
Seeing Japan
Authors: Bryce Benjamin
Published: April 2022

This article examines the photography and writing of Cooper Robinson, who worked as a missionary in Japan between 1888 and 1925. Drawing from over 4,000 images, it analyzes how one missionary represented Japan, his religious project, and his personal life to Canadian audiences. Whether he used photographs to animate his lectures about Japan while in Canada on furlough, sent them as postcards to coreligionists, or saved them for his own memories, the question of representation was intimately tied to the question of audience. This article argues that Robinson’s photography and the broader Canadian missionary interaction with Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries played an important role in shaping the vision that Canadians had of the country. The positive yet selective image that this missionary fostered of the country co-existed with widespread anti-Japanese agitation in North America; these photographs and the support for missionary work that they helped garner should be read with that broader context in mind.
Rejeneratif Endodontik Tedavi Sonrası Nadir Görülen Ayrık Kök Gelişimi: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: AŞAR Enes Mustafa , BOTSALI Murat Selim
Published: April 2022

ÖZ

Rejeneratif endodontik tedavi başarılı tedavi sonuçları sayesinde son yıllarda popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bu tedavinin immatür dişlerde semptomların ortadan kaldırılması, durmuş olan kök gelişiminin devamı ve dişlerin canlılık kazanması gibi hedefleri vardır. İmmatür dişlerde rejeneratif endodontik tedavi sonrası kök gelişiminin devam ettiği birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Fakat tedavi sonrası kök oluşum şekilleri değişkenlik göstermektedir. Chen ve ark. tarafından bu tedaviden sonra görülen 5 farklı tip kök yanıtı gösterilmiştir. Bunlar köklerin uzayıp kapanması, köklerin künt kapanması, kök apeksinin açık kalması, kanal obliterasyonu, kanal içerisinde sert doku bariyeri oluşmasıdır. Fakat bu kök yanıtlarından farklı olarak kök apeksinin ana kökten ayrılarak gelişimini devam ettirdiği nadir görülen farklı bir kök yanıt tipi bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da rejeneratif endodontiden sonra nadir görülen ayrık kök gelişiminin teşhisi, tedavisi ve takibi anlatılmıştır.

ABSTRACT

Regenerative endodontic treatment has gained popularity in recent years thanks to successful treatment results. This treatment has goals such as eliminating symptoms in immature teeth, continuation of the stopped root development and vitality of teeth. It has been shown in many studies that root development continues after regenerative endodontic treatment in immature teeth. Five different types of root response seen after this treatment were demonstrated by Chen et al. These are elongation and closure of the roots, blunt closure of the roots, open root apex, canal obliteration, formation of a hard tissue barrier. However, unlike these root responses, a different type of root response, which is rarely seen, has been shown to continue its development by separating the root apex from the main root. In this study, the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of split root development, which is rare after regenerative endodontics, is explained.
SİMANTASYON ÖNCESİ ZİRKONYUM SERAMİKLERE UYGULANAN YÜZEY İŞLEMLERİ
Authors: GENÇ Özge , DEMİR Necla
Published: April 2022

Zirkonya seramiklerin yüksek estetik ve mekanik özellikleri ve biyouyumlu olmaları sebebiyle diş hekimliğinde kullanımları giderek artmaktadır. Restorasyonların klinik başarısındaki önemli faktörlerden birisi seramik, yapıştırma ajanı ve diş yapıları arasındaki bağlanma dayanımıdır. Adezyon, güçlü bir bağlanma dayanımı için gerekli faktörlerden biridir. Adezyon iki dental materyalin fizikokimyasal olarak yapışmasını ifade eder ve bu kavram diş hekimliğinde büyük önem taşır. Zirkonya restorasyonların simantasyonu için genellikle adeziv sistemler tercih edilmektedir. Adeziv simantasyon, kimyasal bağlantı ve mikromekanik kilitlenme ile restorasyonun dişe yapışmasını sağlar. Adeziv simantasyon ile tutuculuk artar, marjinal bütünlük sağlanır, mikro sızıntı azalır, restorasyonun kırılma direnci artar ve sekonder çürük riski önlenerek daha başarılı, uzun ömürlü restorasyonlar elde edilir. Kimyasal olarak stabil, silika içeriği olmayan zirkonya seramiklerin aside karşı dirençli olması sebebiyle, silika bazlı seramiklere uygulanan yüzey işlemleri zirkonya seramikler için uygun olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle zirkonya seramiklerle rezin simanlar arasında güvenilir bir bağlantı elde edilmesinde problemler yaşanmaktadır. Zirkonya seramikler ve rezin simanlar arasındaki bağlantıyı geliştirmek için çeşitli yüzey işlemi yöntemleri geliştirilmeye devam etmektedir. Bağlantıyı artırmak için seramik yüzeyine mekanik, kimyasal veya mekanik ve kimyasal yüzey işlemlerinin kombinasyonu şeklinde olan işlemler uygulanabilir. Uygulanan yüzey işlemleri sayesinde materyal yüzeyindeki temas alanı, materyalin yüzey enerjisi ve ıslanabilirliği artmış olur. Bu makalede rezin simanlar ve zirkonya seramikler arasındaki bağlanma dayanımını artırmak için uygulanan yüzey işlemlerinden bahsedilmiştir.
Evaluation of Parents' Opinions on Dental Fluoride, Information Sources and Reflections on Their Children's Tooth Brushing Habits
Authors: DUMAN Sacide , OKTAY Esra , VURAL Handan
Published: April 2022

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parents’ attitudes towards dental fluoride and resources used to obtain information, and their children's oral hygiene habits.
Methods:481 parents with children participated in this study. We prepared a questionnaire consisting of 23 questions and conducted the survey using online Google Forms. The parents were asked about their demographic data, fluoride views, resources for information, and children’s oral hygiene habits. Descriptive statistics and
chi-square test were used for statistical evaluation.
Results:36.4% of the participants stated that they do not know what purpose fluoride is used for in dentistry. 43.9% of those who had information stated that they had received information by internet and TV. 33.7% of them were of the opinion that the fluoride in toothpaste had an anti-caries effect, 14.6% were of the opinion that it was toxic. 81.4% of the participants who thought that the fluoride in toothpaste was toxic and harmful were university graduates and 82.9% women. 9.5% of the children of those who thought that the fluoride in toothpaste was toxic did not have a regular tooth brushing habit, and 37.2% did not have the habit of brushing their teeth every day or not at all.
Conclusions:This findings demonstrated that most parents obtained information about dental fluoride and health from the media, and they require further information on these issues. Dentist-family cooperation should be established to educate parents about the advantages and disadvantages of fluoride and the fluoride protocols that should be applied according to child’s caries risk assessment.
PANORAMİK RADYOGRAFLARDA APİKAL PATOLOJİ TEŞHİSİ İÇİN YAPAY ZEKA YETERLİ GÜVENİLİRLİK DÜZEYİNE ULAŞTI MI: FARKLI EŞİK DEĞERLERDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ÇALIŞMA
Authors: GEDUK Gediz , BİLTEKİN Hatice , ŞEKER Çiğdem
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Panoramik radyografiler üzerinden tespit edilen apikal patolojilerin yapay zekâ temelli ticari bir yazılım ile doğruluğunun tespit edilmesidir.
Gereç ve yöntem: En az bir tane apikal patolojinin olduğu 100 panoramik radyograf seçilmiş ve Denti.AI ticari yazılımına yüklenmiştir. Sistemin %30, %60, %90 eşik değerlerinde apikal patolojiyi tespit etmesi sağlanmıştır. Panoramik radyografiler Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi alanında uzmanlığını almış iki hekim ve Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi uzmanlık eğitimini sürdüren iki araştırma görevlisi tarafından seçilmiştir. Verilerin analizi SPSS 22.0 Paket Veri Programı ile yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonunda %30, %60, %90 eşik değerleri için sensivite değerleri sırasıyla %62.6, %38.1 ve %6.8, spesifite değerleri %0, %100 ve %100, tanısal doğruluk değerleri 61.3, 39.3 ve 8.6 olarak bulunmuştur. PPV değerleri %96.8, 100 ve 100, NPV değerleri 0, 3.2 ve 2.1, AUC değerleri ise 0.313, 0.69 ve 0.534 olarak hesaplanmıştır. İstatistiki testlerde p<0.05 değeri anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Yapay zekâ programı, özellikle eşik değer düşürüldüğü zaman uzman hekimlere yakın sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu şekilde hazırlanan yapay zekâ tabanlı ticari yazılımlarda örnek sayılarının artışı ve bunların geriye dönük tespit edilmesinin doğruluğu artıracağını, bu tip yazılımların klinik tanılarda daha çok yer alacağını ve yoğun kliniklerde başvurulabilecek bir destek sistemi olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Cone Beam CT Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus and Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery
Authors: TASSOKER Melek
Published: April 2022

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the diameter, location, and frequency of the appearance of posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA), presence of septa and pathology in maxillary sinus on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) slices. Two hundred CBCT records were included in the study. The patients were divided into dentate, partially dentate and edentulous.
Methods The diameter and type of the PSAA (intrasinus-intraosseous-superficial), the distance between the lower border of the PSAA and alveolar crest; the bone height measured from the floor of the sinus to the crest of the ridge; the distance from the lateral wall of the PSAA to the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, presence of septa and pathology were evaluated.
Results On the right side, PSAA was detected in 86.5% and in the left, 84.5%. Intraosseous type of PSAA was most common type on right (50%) and left (51.5%). The average distances between the PSAA and the alveolar crest were 17.80±3.59 mm on the right and 17.83±3.61 mm on the left side. There was no significant correlation between age and the diameter of the PSAA (p>0.05).
Conclusions The observation of PSAA on CBCT slices is high. Preoperatively CBCT imaging can prevent potential vascular damages around maxillary sinus.
Diş Hekimlerinin COVID-19 Hakkındaki Bilgi ve Stres Düzeyinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Numan , TOKSOY TOPCU Fulya , ERSÖZ Bilge , ÖZ Tuğba
Published: April 2022

Amaç: 2019-nCoV esas olarak hasta bireylerin konuşma, öksürme, hapşırma yoluyla ortama saçtıkları damlacıkların solunması ile bulaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde dental tedavi yapan diş hekimlerinin COVID-19 salgın hastalığı hakkındaki bilgi ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmamızda COVID-19 salgın hastalığı hakkındaki bilgi ve stres düzeylerini içeren anket formunu online olarak hekimlere gönderildi. Anket formu; demokrafik bilgiler, COVID-19 geçirme durumu, aerosol gerektiren işlemlerde ruber-dam kullanımı, COVID-19 hastalığı hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi ve stres durumunu inceleyen farklı bölümlerden oluşuyordu. Hekimlerin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve çalıştıkları kurum ile COVID-19 hakkındaki bilgi ve stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki Pearson Ki-Kare testi ile değerlendirildi (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda diş hekimlerin %8.9 COVID-19 hastalığı geçirdiğini belirtti. Hekimlerin aerosol oluşturan dental işlemler sırasında rubber-dam kullanım oranının %17.4 olduğu görüldü. Hekimlerin COVID-19 hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve çalıştığı kuruma göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermedi (p<0.05). Diş hekimlerinin dental tedaviler esnasında COVID-19 hastalığına yakalanma konusunda %5.8 oranında hiç stres duymadığını belirtirken, %94.2’si ise farklı oranlarda stres duyduklarını belirttiler.
Sonuç: Diş hekimlerinin COVID-19 hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu görüldü. Fakat hastalar ile yakın temas çalışılması nedeniyle dental tedaviler esnasında COVID-19 hastalığına yakalanma konusunda stresli oldukları görüldü.
The Effect of Single-Tooth Implant Restorations on Prognosis of Adjacent Teeth and on Fractal Dimension of Peri-Implant Trabecular Bone: A Retrospective Study
Authors: USTAOĞLU Gülbahar , GÖLLER BULUT Duygu , UĞUR AYDIN Zeliha
Published: April 2022

Background: To investigate the effect of single posterior mandibular implants on the survival, restorative status, pulpal, periapical and periodontal health of the adjacent teeth and surrounding trabecular bone structure.
Material and Method: A total of 174 teeth adjacent to single-tooth implants and 174 teeth on the contralateral side were assessed. Survival and restorative, pulpal, periapical, and periodontal status of the teeth were recorded using numerical definitions. Fractal dimension (FD) of the trabecular bone on the mesial and distal sides of the implant and control teeth were measured on panoramic radiographs obtained after implant placement and 1 year after occlusal loading.
Results: FD values measured around the teeth adjacent to the implants were significantly increased compared to the baseline (p < 0.001); a decrease was observed in the control group (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the FD values in the mesial and distal regions of the control teeth (p = 0.982), and the teeth adjacent to the implants (p = 0.666). Change in the number of minimally restored teeth showed no difference between regions (p = 0.082), while the number of heavily restored teeth was significantly higher in the control region compared to the implant side (p = 0.032).
Conclusions: The fractal dimension of the trabecular bone around the teeth adjacent to the implants increased after occlusal loading of the implants while decreased on the contralateral side. The survival, restorative, periapical, and periodontal conditions of the teeth adjacent to the implants changed minimally after occlusal loading.
Evaluation Of The Videos About Intraoral Devices For Bruxism On YouTube
Authors: KAYA Doğan Ilgaz , AKTI Ahmet , NAJAFİ Fuad , KARAKAYA Kadir
Published: April 2022

Background: Stabilization splints can prevent unwanted effects of bruxism. As online healthcare information becomes more popular, Youtube has become the first source for users to consult about their health problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality, reliability and content of the Youtube videos about intraoral devices in order to evaluate whether there is a reliable and useful source for bruxism patients.
Methods: In this study, the term “Night Guard” was searched on YouTube. Sixty videos on the subject were evaluated in terms of content, quality and reliability. The included videos were analyzed for views, duration, time since video upload, likes / dislikes, number of comments and source. Each video was classified according to the quality of information content as “useful information”, “misleading information”, “useful user view” and “misleading user view”. The Kruskal-Wallis test, The Mann-Whitney Chi-square test correlation analyses were performed.

Results: 18 videos (30%) were uploaded by healthcare professionals, 22 videos (37%) by users, 14 videos (23%) by product supliers, and 6 videos (10%) by TV / Magazine publishers. In examining the Global Quality Scales (GQS), healthcare professionals has higher scores than others. Reliability scores of the videos uploaded by healthcare professionals are significantly higher than the other groups. (P: 0,003) Also, 17 (%28,3) of the 60 videos are in the misleading video category.
Conclusion: Youtube can be a platform with the potential for misleading in the use of intraoral devices. Health-related issues should not be tried to be resolved without professional support.
Twin-Blok Sonrasında Yapılan Çekimli ve Çekimsiz Tedavilerle Oluşan Değişimlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ULUSOY MUTLUOL Esra , İLERİ Zehra , AKIN Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, twin-blok apareyinin ve sonrasında yapılan çekimli ve çekimsiz tedavilerin sert doku, yumuşak doku ve keser eğimleri üzerinde meydana getirdiği değişimleri değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza alt çene geriliği olan 40 Sınıf II bölüm 1 maloklüzyonlu hasta dahil edilmiştir. Grup I, twin-blok tedavisi sonrası çift taraflı alt birinci küçük azı dişi çekimi endikasyonu konulan 14 kız ve 6 erkek (ortalama yaş: 12,21± 1,12) hastadan oluşmuştur. Grup II, twin-blok tedavisi ve çekimsiz sabit tedavi gören 12 kız ve 8 erkek (ortalama yaş= 13.32± 1,02) hastadan oluşmuştur. Hastalardan tedavi başında (T1), twin-blok sonrasında (T2) ve tedavi sonunda (T3) lateral sefalometrik röntgenler alınmıştır. Röntgenler üzerinde sert doku, yumuşak doku ve keser konumları/eğimleri ile ilgili açısal ve çizgisel ölçümler yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz için bağımsız t testi ve eşleştirilmiş t testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Twin-blok ile her iki grupta SNB ve alt keser açıları artarken, ANB ve konveksite azalmıştır. Çekimli grupta T2-T3 döneminde alt ve üst keserler retrakte olmuştur ve alt dudak geri gitmiştir. Çekimsiz grupta ise sadece alt dudak vertikal uzunluğu artmıştır. İki grup arasında T2-T3 döneminde alt ve üst keser konum ve eğimleri ile alt dudak kalınlığında oluşan değişimler açısından önemli fark saptanmıştır (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Twin-blok sonrası planlanan çekimli ve çekimsiz tedaviler nihai alt ve üst keser konum ve eğimleri açısından bir farklılık oluştursa bile yumuşak doku üzerine olan etkileri açısından önemli bir faklılık yaratmamaktadır.
Alfabetización computacional en educación infantil:Dificultades y beneficios en el aula de 3 años
Authors: Berciano-Alcaraz Ainhoa , Salgado-Somoza María , Jiménez-Gestal Clara
Published: April 2022

Objetivo. En este trabajo se analiza el tipo de dificultades y argumentación que muestran las niñas y niños de tres años, frente a tareas relacionadas con la programación y la robótica educativa en el aula. Metodología. Se ha elaborado un diseño teórico y se ha implementado una secuencia de actividades en un aula de niños y niñas de 3 años de edad y se ha realizado un estudio de casos con 8 de los participantes. Análisis de resultados. Entre los resultados más destacados se han identificado dificultades de tres tipos, las derivadas de las características del robot, las asociadas a la dimensión comprensión acción-instrucción del pensamiento computacional y las asociadas a la etapa cognitiva de los niños y niñas. Conclusiones. El análisis de los argumentos expresados en el desarrollo de la tarea permite concluir que el uso de robótica educativa en edades tempranas favorece el desarrollo de la alfabetización computacional, lo que hace recomendable su inclusión entre las actividades de aula.
Educación patrimonial en inmuebles precoloniales: ¿Existen diferencias en el aprendizaje según los modelos de presentación de los yacimientos arqueológicos?
Authors: Quijano-Araníbar Iván Ernesto
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Masriera i Esquerra (2007, 2008) sostienen que en los yacimientos arqueológicos reconstruidos sí se evidencian aprendizajes reales en el estudiantado, pero en los modelos consolidados se generan desaprendizajes. Objetivo. Establecer si existen diferencias en el aprendizaje según los modelos de presentación de los yacimientos arqueológicos en estudiantes del curso de Arqueología peruana. Metodología. El enfoque es cuantitativo y el tipo descriptivo. El diseño es no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra es no probalística y está constituida por 54 estudiantes del curso de Arqueología peruana. Para ello, se aplicó la encuesta directa y la observación, a través de 2 cuestionaros (IEQA-1a e IEQA-4d) y 2 listas de cotejo (IEQA-2b e IEQA-3c). También se utilizó la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y la no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados. El aprendizaje conceptual del estudiantado en el yacimiento consolidado es medio (Me=11) y en el reconstruido es alto (Me=13), aunque se evidenció en este modelo un cúmulo significativo con una asimilación media. En cuanto al aprendizaje procedimental en el inmueble reconstruido es alto (Me=7); mientras en el consolidado es bajo (Me=4). Por último, en función al aprendizaje actitudinal en el sitio consolidado es alto (Me=41); mientras en el reconstruido es muy alto (Me=44). Conclusiones. Existen diferencias significativas en el aprendizaje procedimental y actitudinal del alumnado que participó en el inmueble Precolonial consolidado y reconstruido. Sin embargo, esta realidad no se manifiesta en la asimilación de contenidos conceptuales.
Clinical and radiological morphometric dependences during the formation of the acetabulum among patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: M Yatsuliak , M Nemesh , S Martsyniak , M Kabatsii , V Filipchuk
Published: April 2022

elevance. Significant incidence of hip pathology in different groups of patients with cerebral palsy and factors that may affect their formation are the actual object of the study. The goal of the study. To establish clinical and radiological morphometric dependences influencing the formation of acetabular indices in patients with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods. The total number of patients was 47 persons (86 joints). We examined patients using our own method (Ukrainian patent №137567), calculated the acetabular angle and Sharp's angle, as well as performed a statistical analysis of factors that may have influenced their formation. Results. Significant inter-age differences between acetabular angle and Sharp’s angle were found. Statistically insignificant differences according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), gait function, level of injury, congenital hip dysplasia and myotomy of adductors in the medical history were revealed. Conclusions. Established statistically insignificant differences may indicate that the development of the acetabulum in patients with cerebral palsy occurs independently and correlates only with age, and its pathology is evidenced by true radiographic parameters.