bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of hairtail surimi gels treated with myofibrillar protein‐stabilized Pickering emulsions
Authors: Lin Min , Cui Yaqing , Shi Linfan , Li Zhanming , Liu Shuji , Liu Zhiyu , Weng Wuyin , Ren Zhongyang
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) surimi exhibits poor gelation properties and a dark gray appearance, which hinder its utilization in high‐quality surimi gel products. The effect of Pickering emulsions stabilized by myofibrillar proteins (MPE) on the gel properties of hairtail surimi has been unclear. In particular, the impact of MPE under NaCl and KCl treatments on the quality of hairtail surimi gels requires further elucidation.

RESULTS

Pickering emulsions stabilized by myofibrillar proteins and treated with NaCl or KCl (Na‐MPE, K‐MPE) were added to hairtail surimi in amounts of 10–70 g kg−1. The addition of 50 g kg−1 Na‐MPE and K‐MPE improved the gel strength, textural properties, whiteness, and water‐holding capacity (WHC) of hairtail surimi. The relative content of β‐turn and β‐sheet in the surimi gels increased and the relative content of random coils and α‐helix decreased with the addition of oil. The addition of Na‐MPE and K‐MPE did not affect the secondary structure of surimi gels but stimulated the gelation of hairtail surimi gels. Hairtail surimi containing K‐MPE demonstrated similar performance in terms of hardness, microstructure, and WHC compared with the addition of Na‐MPE.

CONCLUSION

The quality of hairtail surimi gels can be improved by the addition of Na‐MPE or K‐MPE. The K‐MPE proved to be an effective option for enhancing the properties of hairtail surimi gels at 50 g kg−1 to replace Na‐MPE. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Models for predicting coffee yield from chemical characteristics of soil and leaves using machine learning
Authors: de Oliveira Faria Rafael , Filho Aldir Carpes Marques , Santana Lucas Santos , Martins Murilo Battistuzzi , Sobrinho Renato Lustosa , Zoz Tiago , de Oliveira Bruno Rodrigues , Alwasel Yasmeen A. , Okla Mohammad K. , Abdelgawad Hamada
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Coffee farming constitutes a substantial economic resource, representing a source of income for several countries due to the high consumption of coffee worldwide. Precise management of coffee crops involves collecting crop attributes (characteristics of the soil and the plant), mapping, and applying inputs according to the plants’ needs. This differentiated management is precision coffee growing and it stands out for its increased yield and sustainability.

RESULTS

This research aimed to predict yield in coffee plantations by applying machine learning methodologies to soil and plant attributes. The data were obtained in a field of 54.6 ha during two consecutive seasons, applying varied fertilization rates in accordance with the recommendations of soil attribute maps. Leaf analysis maps also were monitored with the aim of establishing a correlation between input parameters and yield prediction. The machine‐learning models obtained from these data predicted coffee yield efficiently. The best model demonstrated predictive fit results with a Pearson correlation of 0.86. Soil chemical attributes did not interfere with the prediction models, indicating that this analysis can be dispensed with when applying these models.

CONCLUSION

These findings have important implications for optimizing coffee management and cultivation, providing valuable insights for producers and researchers interested in maximizing yield using precision agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The improvement of postoperative blood pressure and associated factors in patients with hormone‐negative adrenal adenoma and hypertension
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Dong Yingchun , Wang Hanbo , Guo Xudong , Suo Ning , Li Shangjian , Ren Xiangbin , Jiang Shaobo
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of adrenal surgery on blood pressure (BP) improvements in patients with hormone‐negative adrenal adenoma (HNA) concomitant with hypertension and analyze associated prognostic factors.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients with HNA and hypertension and patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA) and hypertension who underwent adrenal surgery at our center between 2019 and 2022. Hypertension outcomes were evaluated in all patients and subjects were divided into three groups according to follow‐up BP and the administration of anti‐hypertensive agents: a clinical curation group, an improvement group, and a no‐improvement group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict factors associated with clinical curation in patients with HNA post‐surgery.

Results

Of the 182 patients with HNA, clinical curation was achieved in 58 patients (31.9%), improvement in 72 (39.5%), and no improvement in 52 (28.6%). The clinical curation, improvement and no improvement rates in patients with APA were 64.8% (n = 118), 15.9% (n = 29), and 19.2% (n = 35). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a duration of hypertension ≤6 years and a plasma aldosterone level >160 pg/ml were both independent factors for the clinical curation of hypertension in patients with HNA after adrenal surgery.

Conclusion

Adrenal surgery can cure or improve hypertension in most patients with HNA, especially in a short duration of hypertension and high plasma levels of aldosterone.
Moss mortality significantly altered topsoil multifunctionality and microbial networks in a temperate desert
Authors: Yin Benfeng , Zhang Qing , Li Yonggang , Zhou Xiaobing , Rong Xiaoying , Zhang Yuanming
Published: February 2024

The continuous rise in global warming and dramatic changes in precipitation patterns have resulted in frequent extreme weather events, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation. This has resulted in varying degrees of mortality in desert mosses, a ground cover type that maintains desert stability and provides important ecological functions. There is, however, a lack of research on the effects of moss mortality on soil multifunctionality (SMF) and microbial interactions in temperate deserts. This study compared and analyzed the soil nutrient content, enzyme activities, and the associated microbial community structure between living and dead moss crusts in the temperate Gurbantunggut Desert. The results indicated that moss mortality improved SMF by increasing the soil carbon content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and enzymatic activity. However, the mortality also considerably reduced the total biomass and abundance of bacteria and fungi in the topsoil, having no significant effect on their diversity. Additionally, a significant decrease in the connectivity and complexity of the soil bacterial and fungal networks was observed when compared to living moss crusts. This was especially noted in the fungal networks, where fungi were more sensitive than bacteria to moss mortality. Although the natural mortality of mosses increases SMF, there is also an increased risk of nutrient loss, thereby threatening ecosystem sustainability. It is, therefore, imperative to consider the causes of crustal degradation while developing management and restoration processes for degraded desert ecosystems.
Functional diversity of microbial communities in herbaceous vegetation patches in coal mine heaps
Authors: Malicka Monika , Bierza Wojciech , Szalbot Monika , Kompała‐Bąba Agnieszka , Błońska Agnieszka , Magurno Franco , Piotrowska‐Seget Zofia , Woźniak Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Coal mine heaps represent unique novel environments, suitable for studying plant succession and its influence on the activity of microbes inhabiting the rhizosphere. Our aim was to verify if the functional diversity and catabolic activity of soil microorganisms would increase along with the plant succession from non‐vegetated and forbs‐dominated to grass‐dominated communities. The study was conducted on coal mine heaps located in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland), focusing on non‐vegetated patches, patches dominated by forbs–Tussilago farfara and Daucus carota (in the early stages of succession), and by grasses–Poa compressa and Calamagrostis epigejos (in later stages of primary succession). The catabolic activity and functional diversity of soil microbial communities were analyzed based on community‐level physiological profiles using BIOLOG EcoPlatesTM and the activity of dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and urease. Our results showed that spontaneous vegetation on coal mine heaps strongly affects the physicochemistry of the substrate and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Grasses' rhizosphere was hosting more active and functional diversified microbial communities, while non‐vegetated and T. farfara‐vegetated patches were accompanied by a reduced development of soil microbiota. Furthermore, grasses were mainly associated with a substantial delivery of plant litter to the substrate, providing a source of carbon for microorganisms.
Why and how to use the SeqCode
Authors: Whitman William B. , Chuvochina Maria , Hedlund Brian P. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Palmer Marike , Rodriguez‐R Luis M. , Sutcliffe Iain , Wang Fengping
Published: February 2024

The SeqCode, formally called the Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data, is a new code of nomenclature in which genome sequences are the nomenclatural types for the names of prokaryotic species. While similar to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) in structure and rules of priority, it does not require the deposition of type strains in international culture collections. Thus, it allows for the formation of permanent names for uncultured prokaryotes whose nearly complete genome sequences have been obtained directly from environmental DNA as well as other prokaryotes that cannot be deposited in culture collections. Because the diversity of uncultured prokaryotes greatly exceeds that of readily culturable prokaryotes, the SeqCode is the only code suitable for naming the majority of prokaryotic species. The start date of the SeqCode was January 1, 2022, and the online Registry (https://seqco.de/) was created to ensure valid publication of names. The SeqCode recognizes all names validly published under the ICNP before 2022. After that date, names validly published under the SeqCode compete with ICNP names for priority. As a result, species can have only one name, either from the SeqCode or ICNP, enabling effective communication and the creation of unified taxonomies of uncultured and cultured prokaryotes. The SeqCode is administered by the SeqCode Committee, which is comprised of the SeqCode Community and elected administrative components. Anyone with an interest in the systematics of prokaryotes is encouraged to join the SeqCode Community and participate in the development of this resource.
B1+ inhomogeneity mitigation for diffusion weighted MRI at 7T using TR‐FOCI pulses
Authors: Abbasi‐Rad Shahrokh , Cloos Martijn A. , Jin Jin , O'Brien Kieran , Barth Markus
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to improve the image quality of diffusion‐weighted images obtained with a single RF transmit channel 7 T MRI setup using time‐resampled frequency‐offset corrected inversion (TR‐FOCI) pulses to refocus the spins in a twice‐refocused spin‐echo readout scheme.

Methods

We replaced the conventional Shinnar‐Le Roux‐pulses in the twice refocused diffusion sequence with TR‐FOCI pulses. The slice profiles were evaluated in simulation and experimentally in phantoms. The image quality was evaluated in vivo comparing the Shinnar‐Le Roux and TR‐FOCI implementation using a b value of 0 and of 1000 s/mm2.

Results

The b0 and diffusion‐weighted images acquired using the modified sequence improved the image quality across the whole brain. A region of interest–based analysis showed an SNR increase of 113% and 66% for the nondiffusion‐weighted (b0) and the diffusion‐weighted (b = 1000 s/mm2) images in the temporal lobes, respectively. Investigation of all slices showed that the adiabatic pulses mitigated inhomogeneity globally using a conventional single‐channel transmission setup.

Conclusion

The TR‐FOCI pulse can be used in a twice‐refocused spin‐echo diffusion pulse sequence to mitigate the impact of inhomogeneity on the signal intensity across the brain at 7 T. However, further work is needed to address SAR limitations.
A second‐order time discretizing block‐centered finite difference method for compressible wormhole propagation
Authors: Sun Fei , Li Xiaoli , Rui Hongxing
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a second‐order time discretizing block‐centered finite difference method is introduced to solve the compressible wormhole propagation. The optimal second‐order error estimates for the porosity, pressure, velocity, concentration and its flux are established carefully in different discrete norms on non‐uniform grids. Then by introducing Lagrange multiplier, a novel bound‐preserving scheme for concentration is constructed. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the correctness of theoretical analysis and capability for simulations of compressible wormhole propagation.
Compliance with national standards of decentralized public services: The case of preschool services in Albania
Authors: Hegele Yvonne , Karakaçi Valbona , Lang Achim , Mushani Arberesha
Published: February 2024

In the last few decades, many Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) engaged in processes of decentralization in which responsibilities of the national government are transferred to local government units (LGUs). Yet, it is still unclear under what circumstances LGUs in recently decentralized CEEC can deliver high‐quality public services. We put forward the argument that political, administrative, and financial factors related to characteristics of the LGU, and their implementation structure can explain the quality of public services, understood here as the compliance with standards set at central government level. We deduce a set of hypotheses which we test with the example of the public service of preschool education in Albania using generalized linear mixed‐effects models. We find that albeit fiscal factors are important, the relation between money and high‐quality public services is more complex than previously assumed. We find that private donations can undermine central government standards, and that requirements not involving financial costs are more likely implemented. Further, political, and administrative factors, although previously often neglected, play an important role. We find that outsourcing certain functions leads to higher service quality, and that urban areas provide higher quality services indicating that political actors need to focus on rural areas.
Influence of processing parameters on the resin pocket geometry of smart composites embedded with Fiber Bragg Grating sensor and its fast prediction
Authors: Zhao Zizhao , Zhang Kaifu , Liu Chuang , Cheng Hui , Zou Peng , Feng Mengfei , Xiao Junjie , Liang Biao
Published: February 2024

Smart composites embedded with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are getting increasingly popular in aircraft structures due to their self‐sensing and monitoring capability. However, a resin pocket around the FBG sensor would be formed in the manufacturing process, which strongly impacts the mechanical properties of the composite host. Therefore, the influence of primary processing parameters (FBG orientation angle, preforming temperature, and preforming pressure) on the formation of resin pockets was investigated in this work. It is found that there is a sinusoidal relation between the resin pocket geometry and the FBG orientation angle. A negative linear relation is noted between the resin pocket geometry and the preforming temperature and pressure. A prediction model based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was established, which was able to quickly and accurately predict resin pocket geometry subjected to given processing parameters. This work provides useful guidance for the processing control of smart composites embedded with FBG sensors.

Highlights

Resin pocket geometry was formed primarily in the preforming stage.

Effect of processing parameters on resin pocket geometry was characterized.

A BPNN model was established for the fast prediction of resin pocket geometry.
Enhancing interfacial solvent resistance and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone composites with water‐borne sizing agents based on cross‐linkable polyphthalonitrile
Authors: Pei Weibing , Zhao Yanan , Guo Jiaming , Ao Yuhui , Dai Shengtao , Yuan Yexin , Hu Xiaojin , Liu Liu , Liu Yu
Published: February 2024

The inherent structural properties and elevated processing temperatures of thermoplastic resins present new challenges in the realm of carbon fiber (CF) sizing agents. Consequently, a water‐based cross‐linkable nitro‐phthalonitrile capped polyfluorenyl ether ketone sizing agent was meticulously designed. The sizing agent exhibits superior storage stability, encapsulating particles spanning dimensions from 66.51 to 87.71 nm. The inherent mechanism during the hot‐pressing stage involves a self‐crosslinking of nitrile groups toward stable structures with unparalleled resistance to solvents. The crosslinked sizing agent boasts a remarkable glass‐transition temperature of 290°C. Noteworthy, significance is the consequential 40.1% augmentation in maximum flexural strength, along with a commendable 35% increase in interlaminar shear strength for CF‐1.5/PEEK composites in contrast to their unsized CF/PEEK counterparts. In summary, the focal aspiration of this research endeavor lies in offering a straightforward and viable methodology for the exploration of cross‐linkable sizing agents, strategically catering to both “thermoplastic processing” and “thermosetting applications.”

Highlights

Bulky fluorenyl unit increases the intermolecular volume of copolymer poly(fluorenyl ether ketone).

The introduction of the BPF unit to the molecular elevates the thermal stability of the copolymer.

Unique electron‐donating proclivity of the fluorenyl group drastically improved its reactivity.

The polymerization was accomplished at a relatively low temperature of 150°C for practical applications.

The ILSS, IFSS, and bending strength were noteworthy increased by 35%, 74.02%, and 40.1%
Shape memory polymer composite fabrics with high recovery force and excellent electrothermal drive deformability
Authors: Liu Renyi , Yang Qin , Li Zhiyong , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong , Pei Qingguo , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2024

Fabric‐reinforced shape memory polymer composites are lightweight, strong, formable, controllable, and suitable for various engineering and innovative applications. This study aims to fabricate and characterize electrothermal dual drive shape memory polymer composite fabrics (SMPCFs) of different densities with three‐dimensional (3D) angle‐interlock structures. The tensile properties, electrothermal properties, recovery forces (both tensile and bending), and shape recovery properties of SMPCFs were evaluated. The SMPCFs exhibited a tensile elongation of over 20% at the transition temperature. SMPCFs can reach transition temperatures when loaded with 2 V. The recovery forces are up to 225 N in tensile recovery force and 3.6 N in bending recovery force. In the shape recovery test, the recovery ratio exceeded 97%. Finally, the demonstration of recovery properties can stimulate the possibilities of SMPCFs in innovation and applications.

Highlights

Core‐shell structured composite filaments were prepared.

3D angle‐interlock composite fabrics: high strength, electrothermal drive.

Tensile recovery force of composite fabrics can be up to 225 N.

Elongation at transition temperatures was up to 20%.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis of conditioned pain modulation and pain in fibromyalgia: CPM as an effect modifier of pain changes over time
Authors: Castelo‐Branco Luis , Pacheco‐Barrios Kevin , Cardenas‐Rojas Alejandra , de Melo Paulo S. , Gianlorenco Anna C. , Gonzalez‐Mego Paola , Marduy Anna , Shaik Emad S. , Teixeira Paulo , Caumo Wolnei , Fregni Felipe
Published: February 2024

Background and Purpose

Fibromyalgia (FM) is associated with altered descending pain modulatory pathways, which can be assessed through Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM). In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between CPM and self‐reported baseline characteristics in patients with fibromyalgia. We also performed a longitudinal analysis exploring CPM as a potential predictor of clinical improvement over time in individuals with FM.

Methods

We performed cross‐sectional univariable and multivariable analyses of the relationship between CPM and other variables in 41 FM patients. We then performed longitudinal analyses, building linear mixed‐effects models with pain in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as the dependent variable, and testing for the interaction between time and CPM. We also tested the interaction between CPM and time in models using other outcomes, such as the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Quality of Life Scale (QOLs).

Results

We found no association between CPM and other demographic and clinical variables in the univariable analysis. We found a statistically significant association in the multivariable linear regression model between CPM and the QOLs at the baseline after controlling for age, sex, and duration of symptoms. In the longitudinal analyses, we found that CPM is an effect modifier for clinical improvement over time for the pain VAS, QOLs, and FIQR: individuals with low‐efficient CPM at the baseline have a different (improved) pattern of response over time when compared to those with high‐efficient CPM.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that CPM is not a reliable biomarker of clinical manifestations in chronic pain patients during cross‐sectional assessments. However, our results are consistent with previous findings that CPM can be used to predict the evolution of clinical pain over time. We expect that our findings will help in the selection of patients with the best profile to respond to specific interventions and assist clinicians in tailoring pain treatments.
Impact of presentation timing in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: Characterization of patients and identification of prognostic factors
Authors: Hoyos Juliana Arenas , Londoño David Ruiz , Hoyos Andres Gomez , Reyes Estefania Celis , Varela Rodolfo , Giraldo Julian Serrano
Published: February 2024

Background

The treatment and surveillance of metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has evolved since the introduction of several treatment intensification options associated with hormonal blockade and classifications based on the timing of metastatic disease presentation and disease volume. Using a hospital‐based registry, we aimed to assess whether these new classifications are applicable to our population, as few studies have demonstrated their prognostic value for overall survival (OS) and time to development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and to establish prognostic factors in our population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of mHSPC patients who were attended at an oncology referral hospital in Bogota between 2017 and 2021 were included in this study. The primary and secondary endpoints were OS and time to CRPC. The distribution of outcome measures was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Proportional hazard models were constructed using the Cox regression approach and stratified according to risk factors.

Results

The study cohort included 373 patients. The median castration resistance‐free survival was 48 months (CI: 32–73 months), and OS was 43 months (CI: 37–48 months). In multivariate analysis, nodal staging, ECOG status, and surgical castration were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

In our hospital‐based registry, the independent impact of the time of presentation on castration‐resistant‐free survival or OS could not be demonstrated, nor could the grouping of prognostic categories based on metastatic presentation temporality and volume. Other independent prognostic factors have been proposed.
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of teverelix DP in patients with advanced prostate cancer: A multicenter, open‐label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Ulys Albertas , Jankevicus Feliksas , Jievaltas Mindaugas , Venckus Raimundas , Auskalnis Stasys , Kardelis Zygimantas , Barisiene Marija , MacLean Carol M. , van Os Steve , Larsen Finn
Published: February 2024

Background

Teverelix drug product (DP) is a novel injectable gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist.

Methods

An adaptive phase 2, open‐label, multicenter trial was conducted in patients with advanced prostate cancer to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) loading dose regimen of teverelix DP of 120 mg SC + 120 mg IM (Group 1; N = 9) or 180 mg SC + 180 mg IM (Group 2; N = 41) administered at a single visit, followed by 6‐weekly SC maintenance doses of 120 mg (Group 1) or 180 mg (Group 2), up to Day 168. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving castration levels with serum testosterone <0.5 ng/mL at Day 28 with a target castration rate of 90%. Injection sites were inspected by the investigator at every visit and reactions (ISRs) were proactively recorded.

Results

The target castration rate was reached in Group 2 (97.5%) but not in Group 1 (62.5%). The castration rates were not maintained to Day 42 (Group 2: 82.5%; Group 1: 50.0%). Suppression of testosterone to castrate levels occurred rapidly (median time: 2 days for both groups). Suppression of testosterone, prostate‐specific antigen, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone was sustained throughout the treatment period, being more prominent with the higher dose. The adverse event (AE) profile was similar between groups. The most common AEs were injection‐site induration (n = 40: 80.0%), injection‐site erythema (n = 35: 70.0%), and hot flush (n = 21: 42.0%). Most ISRs were Grade 1.

Conclusion

Overall, the teverelix DP doses were generally well‐tolerated but did not adequately maintain castration levels.
Temperature‐Dependent Characteristics of AlN/Al0.5Ga0.5N High Electron Mobility Transistors with Highly Degenerate n‐Type GaN Regrown Ohmic Contacts
Authors: Maeda Ryota , Ueno Kohei , Kobayashi Atsushi , Fujioka Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

Herein, the temperature‐dependent characteristics of AlN/Al0.5Ga0.5N high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with highly degenerate n‐type GaN (d‐GaN) ohmic contacts fabricated via pulsed sputtering deposition (PSD) are investigated. The ohmic contacts formed at the source and drain regions demonstrate low resistivity within the temperature range of 77–473 K. It is found that the temperature dependence of the contact resistance (RC) for the AlN/Al0.5Ga0.5N HEMTs with regrowth d‐GaN contacts is attributable to the energy barrier induced by the Fermi level difference between the d‐GaN contacts and Al0.5Ga0.5N channel layer. Notably, the RC between the d‐GaN contacts and the channel layer is 1.4 and 0.15 Ω mm at 77 and 473 K, respectively. Temperature‐dependent device on‐resistance coincides with the temperature variation of the two‐dimensional electron gas sheet resistance because the contact resistance is negligibly low in the studied temperature range. Moreover, AlN/Al0.5Ga0.5N HEMTs with d‐GaN contacts exhibit excellent switching characteristics, achieving an ION/IOFF ratio of ≈106, even at high temperatures up to 473 K. The results indicate that the PSD d‐GaN contact technique has potential to overcome the limitations of ohmic contacts for high Al‐composition AlGaN electronic devices, especially for next‐generation high‐power‐density radio frequency transistors operating at high temperatures.
Programming Operations Analysis and Statistics in One Selector and One Memory Ovonic Threshold Switching + Phase‐Change Memory Double‐Patterned Self‐Aligned Structure
Authors: Antonelli Renzo , Bourgeois Guillaume , Martin Simon , Meli Valentina , Castellani Niccoló , Salvi Antoine , Gout Sylvain , Bernard Mathieu , Dezest Pattamon , Andrieu François , Souifi Abdelkader , Navarro Gabriele
Published: February 2024

This study explores the reliability of a phase‐change memory (PCM) cointegrated with an ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selector (one selector and one memory [1S1R] structure) based on an innovative double‐patterned self‐aligned architecture. The variability of the threshold voltage () for both the SET and RESET states is examined, comparing different distribution models to validate the use of mean and standard deviation as viable metrics. The dispersion of is tracked under different programming conditions to provide insight into the evolution of device behavior over SET/RESET, endurance cycles, and read cycles. The PCM device is based on a “wall” structure and on Ge2Sb2Te5alloy, while the OTS is based on a GeSbSeN alloy. The analysis focuses on the programming characteristics and SET pulse optimization, studying current control and pulse fall times. The results are based on statistical data obtained from a kb‐sized memory array. A memory window of over 2 V is achieved. The research helps understanding the DPSA architecture, and PCM + OTS in general, offering insights into their programming, variability, and reliability targeting crossbar applications.
On the relative conservativeness of Bayesian logistic regression method in oncology dose‐finding studies
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Han , Cheng Guanghui , Lin Ruitao
Published: February 2024

The Bayesian logistic regression method (BLRM) is a widely adopted and flexible design for finding the maximum tolerated dose in oncology phase I studies. However, the BLRM design has been criticized in the literature for being overly conservative due to the use of the overdose control rule. Recently, a discussion paper titled “Improving the performance of Bayesian logistic regression model with overall control in oncology dose‐finding studies” in Statistics in Medicine has proposed an overall control rule to address the “excessive conservativeness” of the standard BLRM design. In this short communication, we discuss the relative conservativeness of the standard BLRM design and also suggest a dose‐switching rule to further enhance its performance.
Patient‐based real‐time quality control in medical laboratories: On the design and robustness of the moving average control chart with truncation limits
Authors: Murat Ugur , Testik Murat Caner , Pinar Asli
Published: February 2024

Quality is an indispensable requirement in medical laboratories, where controls are performed at different phases of the laboratory processes. In the following, we consider the internal quality control activities during the analytical phase of medical laboratories for verifying the test results prior to their release. To monitor the measurement process for errors in the test results, one approach that is considerably attracting the health professionals is patient‐based real‐time quality control. In this respect, real‐time patient test results are monitored, commonly by implementing the Moving Average (MA) control chart with truncation limits. A usual practice is the use of truncation limits to exclude abnormal patient test results from the MA calculations. However, an open issue in the literature is how to determine the width of the truncation limits and the window size in the MA calculations. Furthermore, the distributions of the test results are often nonnormal and difficult to model by personnel having insufficient training in statistics. Consequently, robustness of the performance of the MA control chart to non‐normal distributions of test results is another open topic in the literature. In this study, a detailed robustness analysis is performed by considering various distributions having different shapes. Performance of several MA control chart designs constructed by altering the truncation limits and window sizes are investigated. Based on our simulation results with selected distributions, we conclude that the truncation limits should not be used and a window size of 20 is recommended. Under such a setting, the MA control chart performs similar to its intended performance in terms of false alarms and in detecting systematic errors, hence being robust to non‐normality of the test results.
Bird‐related non‐fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia that developed after COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Katano Takuma , Ogisu Tomoyuki , Satou Akira , Yonezawa Toshiyuki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Ito Satoru
Published: February 2024

A 60‐year‐old man who had been keeping seven budgerigars and four cockatiels in his house for 2 years developed dyspnea and was admitted to our hospital the day after receiving the second dose of the messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed bilateral ground glass opacities without nodules or mosaic attenuation. IgG specific for budgerigars was positive. Although his respiratory symptoms were resolved without corticosteroid therapy, he developed severe dyspnea soon after the discharge to his home. The results of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid obtained at the initial admission and after the provocation challenge showed elevation of lymphocytes (34%) and eosinophils (37%). We finally diagnosed him with non‐fibrotic bird‐related hypersensitivity pneumonitis. His condition and HRCT findings were improved by corticosteroid treatment. All his birds were given away. He has not experienced any recurrence or deterioration of respiratory function even after withdrawal of corticosteroid.
Multiply robust generalized estimating equations for cluster randomized trials with missing outcomes
Authors: Rabideau Dustin J. , Li Fan , Wang Rui
Published: February 2024

Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) provide a useful framework for estimating marginal regression parameters based on data from cluster randomized trials (CRTs), but they can result in inaccurate parameter estimates when some outcomes are informatively missing. Existing techniques to handle missing outcomes in CRTs rely on correct specification of a propensity score model, a covariate‐conditional mean outcome model, or require at least one of these two models to be correct, which can be challenging in practice. In this article, we develop new weighted GEEs to simultaneously estimate the marginal mean, scale, and correlation parameters in CRTs with missing outcomes, allowing for multiple propensity score models and multiple covariate‐conditional mean models to be specified. The resulting estimators are consistent provided that any one of these models is correct. An iterative algorithm is provided for implementing this more robust estimator and practical considerations for specifying multiple models are discussed. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method through Monte Carlo simulations and apply the proposed multiply robust estimator to analyze the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, a large HIV prevention CRT designed to evaluate whether a combination of HIV‐prevention measures can reduce HIV incidence.
Simultaneous variable selection and estimation for survival data via the Gaussian seamless‐L0$$ {L}_0 $$ penalty
Authors: Liu Zili , Wang Hong
Published: February 2024

We propose a new simultaneous variable selection and estimation procedure with the Gaussian seamless‐ (GSELO) penalty for Cox proportional hazard model and additive hazards model. The GSELO procedure shows good potential to improve the existing variable selection methods by taking strength from both best subset selection (BSS) and regularization. In addition, we develop an iterative algorithm to implement the proposed procedure in a computationally efficient way. Theoretically, we establish the convergence properties of the algorithm and asymptotic theoretical properties of the proposed procedure. Since parameter tuning is crucial to the performance of the GSELO procedure, we also propose an extended Bayesian information criteria (EBIC) parameter selector for the GSELO procedure. Simulated and real data studies have demonstrated the prediction performance and effectiveness of the proposed method over several state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Strategic Design of Hemi‐Isoindigo Polymer for a Highly Sensitive and Selective All‐Printed Flexible Nitrogen Dioxide Chemiresistive Sensor
Authors: Ngai Jenner H. L. , Li Zhao , Wang Jia , He Jinghui , Ding Jianfu , Li Yuning
Published: February 2024

The study has developed two hemi‐isoindigo (HID)‐based polymers for printed flexible resistor‐type nitrogen oxide (NO2) sensors: poly[2‐ethylhexyl 3‐((3′“,4′‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐3,4‐dimethoxy‐[2,2′:5′,2′”‐terthiophen]‐5‐yl)methylene)‐2‐oxoindoline‐1‐carboxylate] (P1) and poly[2‐ethylhexyl 2‐oxo‐3‐((3,3′“,4,4′‐tetrakis(dodecyloxy)‐[2,2′:5′,2′”‐terthiophen]‐5‐yl)methylene)indoline‐1‐carboxylate] (P2). These polymers feature thermally removable carbamate side chains on the HID units, providing solubility and creating molecular cavities after thermal annealing. These cavities enhance NO2 diffusion, and the liberated unsubstituted amide ─C(═O)NH─ groups readily form robust double hydrogen bonds (DHB), as demonstrated by computer simulations. Furthermore, both polymers possess elevated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of −4.74 and −4.77 eV, making them highly susceptible to p‐doping by NO2. Gas sensors fabricated from P1 and P2 films, anneal under optimized conditions to partially remove carbamate side chains, exhibit remarkable sensitivities of +1400% ppm−1 and +3844% ppm−1, and low detection limit (LOD) values of 514 ppb and 38.9 ppb toward NO2, respectively. These sensors also demonstrate excellent selectivity for NO2 over other gases.
The Recycling of Vanadium from Steelmaking Slags: A Review
Authors: Shyrokykh Tetiana , Volkova Olena , Sridhar Seetharaman
Published: February 2024

Vanadium is an extremely valuable industrial metal typically obtained from processing metallurgical slags. This article provides a comprehensive review and critical evaluation of the technologies of vanadium extraction from slags aiming to identify the most prospective technology. The review covers traditional approaches for treating V‐bearing slags, such as salt roasting followed by acid leaching and ammonium precipitation, as well as promising alternative methods in this field, such as bioleaching, ultrasound‐assisted leaching, and vaporization. The current industrial practice remains energy‐intensive and is associated with chemical waste generation, thus leaving room for further improvements. Overall, this work provides valuable insights into the recycling of vanadium from steelmaking slags including extraction efficiencies of industrial and lab‐scale methods, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method setting the stage for future advancements in this field. The vaporization method is one of the most promising among those reviewed.
Bending moments redistribution in two‐span reinforced concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars based on collected data research
Authors: Szczepański Konrad , Kotynia Renata
Published: February 2024

This article presents a review of state of the art on nonmetallic reinforcement in terms of bending moment redistribution in double‐span elements. The authors present a summary of existing research programs focused on moment redistribution in FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) reinforced concrete (RC). On this basis authors created a database of concrete elements with all the important construction properties of the elements. Gathered data are presented with quantitative analysis of several variables effecting moment redistribution in published articles. In the following publication authors show a research review which includes an analysis of the influence of variable parameters from the point of view of the database, concerning: degrees of longitudinal reinforcement, ratio between degrees of reinforcement in span and over the support, type of reinforcement (FRP/steel/hybrid), concrete class and transverse reinforcement.
Re‐examining the placement ofHydrostachysusing a large‐scale phylogenetic approach
Authors: Xu Zhun , Folk Ryan A. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Hu Guang‐Wan , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E. , Wang Qing‐Feng
Published: February 2024

Phylogenetic placement ofHydrostachys(Hydrostachyaceae) has long been enigmatic, the highly divergent morphology ofHydrostachyshaving prevented its confident placement in any clade of angiosperms. Phylogenetic placements using DNA sequence data have varied, with most studies suggesting a placement within Cornales. We conducted a large‐scale phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear and chloroplast datasets to re‐examine the relationships of the genus and assess the data sources and methodological factors that may cause alternative placements.Hydrostachyswas consistently recovered as a member of Cornales in all of our analyses based on 338 single‐copy nuclear genes and 78 chloroplast genes, but the divergentmatKsequences ofHydrostachysavailable in GenBank led to different phylogenetic placements. These highly divergent DNA sequences may make phylogenetic placement problematic, and other factors may also impact the placement, including taxon sampling, long‐branch attraction, incomplete lineage sorting, and potential artifacts (from contaminants, paralogs, or assembly errors) in the datasets.
Radiological and laboratory prognostic parameters for gastric dilation in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Böttcher Anja , Müller Kerstin
Published: February 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographical and laboratory findings in pet rabbits with gastric dilation (GD) and identify prognostic parameters.

Methods

One hundred and fifty‐five rabbits with GD were included for the radiographical analyses and 75 for the laboratory analyses. A vertebral stomach score (VSS) was established to determine the extension of the stomach on lateral radiographs. In addition, the caudal limit of gastric distention and the extension and position of gas accumulation in the stomach were recorded.

Results

The VSS was significantly higher in rabbits with GD than in healthy rabbits (p = 0.001). Extensive amounts of gas accumulation in the stomach (p = 0.001) and a ventral or central location of gas accumulation (p = 0.023) were associated with significantly increased mortality. Azotemia (51%), hyperglycaemia (44%) and hyponatraemia (37%) were the most frequent biochemical alterations in rabbits with GD.

Limitations

Due to the retrospective nature of the data, the cause of GD could not be determined in all animals.

Conclusion

Rabbits with GD and severe alterations in glucose, creatinine and sodium concentrations, ventral or central gas accumulations and a large amount of gas in the stomach had a poor prognosis.
Similar long‐term outcomes for venous, bovine pericardial, and polyester patches for primary carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Liesker David J. , Gareb Barzi , Köhlen Bart T. , Donners Simone J.A. , de Borst Gert J. , Zeebregts Clark J. , Saleem Ben R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Currently, the type of patch used for carotid endarterectomy closure depends on the preference of the operating surgeon. Various materials are available, including autologous venous patches, bovine pericardial patches (BPP), and synthetic patches. The purpose of this study was to compare the long‐term outcomes.

Methods

All patients who underwent primary carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty using a venous, bovine, or polyester patch between 2010 and 2020 at two high‐volume medical centers were included in this retrospective analysis on largely prospectively collected data. Study endpoints included long‐term ipsilateral transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident, restenosis, reintervention, and all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess the effect of patch type to each outcome.

Results

In total, 1481 CEAs were performed with a follow‐up of 32 (13–65) months. Venous patch was used in 309 patients (20.9%), BPP in 1000 patients (67.5%), and polyester patch in 172 patients (11.6%). A preoperative symptomatic carotid artery stenosis of >50% was observed in 91.9% (n = 284) of the patients who received a venous patch, 92.1% (n = 921) of the patients who received BPP, and 90.7% (n = 156) of the patients who received a polyester patch (p = 0.799). Only in selected patients with an asymptomatic stenosis of >70% surgery was considered. Multivariable analyses showed no significant differences between the three patch types regarding long‐term outcomes after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing primary carotid endarterectomy, the use of venous, bovine pericardial, or polyester patches seems equally safe and durable in terms of comparability in long‐term outcomes.
Agonistic interactions and social behaviors in the Saharan Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas neglecta): Using social network analysis to evaluate relationships and social structure in captive male groups
Authors: Cortés Blanca , Fidalgo Ana , Díaz Sergio , Abáigar Teresa
Published: February 2024

Social interactions, including agonistic behavior, are very important for the management and welfare of individuals forming groups in captivity. One of the main concerns for the stability and durability of adult male groups is a noticeable level of intraspecific aggression. This study comprises a Social Network Analysis to illustrate social structure in different groups of captive Saharan Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas neglecta). Our main objectives were to examine the relationship between agonistic, affiliative, and association networks and their reciprocity, assessing also whether the agonistic networks can conform to a linear dominance hierarchy. For these purposes, we recorded the behavior of 23 adult males organized in five herds, three composed only of Saharan Dorcas gazelle males and two mixed herds in which there were also Mhorr gazelle males (Nanger dama mohor). Observations were carried out during 295 h through scan sampling. We found no correlation between the affiliative and association networks in any group, although there was a significant correlation between the agonistic and association networks in mixed‐species groups which was not present in single‐species groups. Overall, there was no consistent reciprocity in either affiliative nor agonistic networks and none of the agonistic networks showed a linear structure. These results indicate that affiliative behavior in Saharan Dorcas gazelles offers distinctive and valuable information about the bonds between individuals, however, their dominance structure is far more complex than previously thought. As information provided by affiliative and proximity behaviors is different in this species, we suggest considering affiliative interactions to stablish affinity between individuals. Evaluating different social behaviors and not only agonistic interactions in later studies, is also recommended to develop a more accurately daily management in zoos that guarantee group stability and individuals' welfare, which will improve the conservation of captive populations.