bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career Concerns, Values, and Role Salience in Employed Men
Authors: Duarte M. Eduarda
Published: December 2011

This study tested Super's model of career adaptability by examining the relationships between career development concerns, values, and role salience among 881 men employed full‐time in a cement factory. They responded to the Adult Career Concerns Inventory, the Values Inventory, and the Salience Inventory. The inter‐correlations of the resulting scores were appropriately small and coincided with theoretical predictions. A principal components analysis clarified the latent structure of the relations between and among the scales. The results supported both Super's model of career adaptation and his model for Career Development Assessment and Counseling.
Work Values Similarities Among Students From Six Countries
Authors: Lebo R. Brad , Harrington Thomas F. , Tillman Robert
Published: December 2011

This study examined high school students' selected work values in six countries. The data were analyzed for between‐country correlation. Also, the data were analyzed with sex as a variable. The findings indicated selected work values were more similar than dissimilar across countries and cultures. Gender specific results suggested a higher degree of transnational agreement among girls than among their male peers.
Role Exit Theory: Applications to Adult Women College Students
Authors: Breese Jeffrey R. , O'Toole Richard
Published: December 2011

This qualitative study examined the issues and events that led 221 women to an urban, commuter campus of 16,000 students located in the midwestern part of the United States. Specifically, role exit theory was used as a tool to explain why the majority of these women stated that their past experiences (identities) before enrollment played a major part in determining their choice of academic major and their level of involvement in campus activities. Practical applications of role exit theory for counselors include issues of role orientation and loss, values clarification, and grief counseling.
Job Loss as Career Growth: Responses to Involuntary Career Transitions
Authors: Eby Lillian T. , Buch Kimberly
Published: December 2011

The Latack‐Dozier (1986) model of career growth through job loss was examined using a sample of 515 involuntarily displaced professionals. Results supported the model and identified variables most predictive of career growth for men and women. The results also partially supported the hypothesis that men and women rely on different forms of social support after job loss. The Latack‐Dozier model is discussed in light of the findings. In addition, implications for dismissed workers, for career development specialists, and for practitioners are discussed.
Adult Career Transitions
Authors: Stoltz‐Loike Marian
Published: December 2011

This article reviews and analyzes the different perspectives on career transitions discussed in the September 1995 issue of The Career Development Quarterly. The articles in this issue share common threads in their perspectives on career stages, the relation of cognitive factors and career challenges, and the impact of gender differences on career transitions. This article also discusses career transitions during relocation and factors, such as being part of a dual career couple, that may buffer the financial burden of career transitions.
From Invisibility to Integration: Lesbian Identity in the Workplace
Authors: Fassinger Ruth E.
Published: December 2011

This article represents a first step toward a vocational psychology of lesbians that incorporates scholarship in lesbian and women's identity development and that is considered within the larger framework of women's career development. First, literature in lesbian and women's identity development is reviewed, followed by a discussion of the vocational issues of lesbians as related both to identity development and to the literature in the vocational psychology of women. The article concludes with suggestions for research and practice.
Applying Decision Theory to Career Counseling Practice: The Sequential Elimination Approach
Authors: Gati Itamar , Fassa Naomi , Houminer Daphna
Published: December 2011

This article provides career counselors with a practical procedure, based on decision and information processing theories, for assisting clients in making career decisions. The proposed procedure, which is derived from the sequential elimination approach, considers the individual's limited cognitive and material resources and provides specific guidelines aimed at facilitating career decision making and increasing the quality of the process and its outcomes. The proposed procedure has been found useful in making various types of career decisions.
Career and Personal Concerns Expressed by Career Counseling Clients
Authors: Anderson W. P. , Niles Spencer G.
Published: December 2011

In this study, the authors used case notes to classify client concerns that surfaced during career counseling with adults in a university‐sponsored community counseling center. A two‐stage classification system was developed and used to estimate the frequencies of occurrence for career and personal issues that surface during career counseling. The authors concluded that a substantial overlap exists between the content of career counseling and that of psychotherapy.
Graduate Studies Awareness: A Career Services Program
Authors: Wessel Roger D.
Published: December 2011

The Graduate Studies Awareness Program at Ball State University, sponsored by the Career Services office, is an innovative program that helps students who may be considering attending graduate or professional school instead of looking immediately for professional employment.
Values in Life Role Choices and Outcomes: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Brown Duane , Crace R. Kelly
Published: December 2011

Values are widely viewed as central to the selection of, and subsequent satisfaction with, life roles. But because no conceptual framework has been advanced to guide the work of practitioners and researchers, values are widely ignored by both groups. This article sets forth several propositions aimed at remedying this oversight by clarifying the importance of values in both decision making and life satisfaction.
Career Maturity Levels of Male Intercollegiate Varsity Athletes
Authors: Smallman Edward , Sowa Claudia J.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the readiness of male intercollegiate varsity athletes to make career‐related decisions. The research questions compared students participating in revenue‐ and nonrevenue‐producing sports as well as Caucasian and minority (Black, Asian American, Hispanic American, Native American, and other) student‐athletes on eight dimensions of career maturity measured by the Career Development Inventory (Super, Thompson, Lindeman, Jordaan, & Myers, 1981). No significant differences were found in the overall career maturity of the student‐athletes based either on the type of sport played or on their race. Also, the interaction of type of sport and race was not significant in determining differences in student‐athletes' career maturity levels. Implications for career counseling programs for student‐athletes and future research are discussed.
Career Maturity in College Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Ohler Denise L. , Levinson Edward M. , Barker William F.
Published: December 2011

This study compared levels of career maturity between college students with and without learning disabilities and investigated factors associated with career maturity. Few differences in career maturity were found. However, different predictors of career maturity for the two groups emerged. For students with learning disabilities, number of accommodations and quantity of work experience accounted for 22% of the variance in career maturity. For students without disabilities, academic achievement and type of work experience accounted for 21% of the variance in career maturity. Students with learning disabilities who received more instructional accommodations had lower levels of career maturity.
At‐Risk Youth and Hope: Incorporating a Ropes Course Into a Summer Jobs Program
Authors: Robitschek Christine
Published: December 2011

Hope is important in the career development of at‐risk youth. A 1‐day Ropes Course, designed to increase hope, was incorporated into a summer jobs program for this population. The Ropes Course used individual and group activities that challenged the participants to overcome obstacles and achieve predetermined goals. Program evaluation data, including the Hope Scale and a thought‐listing activity, indicated that the participants experienced an increase in hope after the Ropes Course.
Effects of DISCOVER on the Career Maturity of Middle School Students
Authors: Luzzo Darrell Anthony , Pierce Gina
Published: December 2011

This study evaluated the effects of DISCOVER (American College Testing [ACT], 1991), a computer‐assisted career guidance system, on the career maturity of 38 students (22 girls and 16 boys) enrolled in a rural middle school. Students randomly assigned to the treatment group worked with DISCOVER for approximately 1 hour a day over a 2‐week period, whereas students in the control group did not have access to the DISCOVER program. Results indicated significant gains in career maturity among students in the treatment group (p <.05).
The Plexiglass Ceiling: The Careers of Black Women Lawyers
Authors: Simpson Gwyned
Published: December 2011

The study describes the ways in which race and gender shaped the career transitions of Black women lawyers, whose careers were affected by the opportunities generated by the Civil Rights Movement during the decade between 1973 and 1983. The author concludes that although the affirmative action policies and programs that diminished discrimination at the entry level of the profession dramatically increased the number of Black women lawyers during the period of study, a “Plexiglass ceiling” limited their choices. Their careers have been influenced negatively by both race and gender, which circumscribed their opportunities to practice in high status, powerful, and financially remunerative sectors of the profession.
Attributional Retraining Increases Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Luzzo Darrell Anthony , Funk Dylan P. , Strang Jason
Published: December 2011

This study examined whether 60 college students (41 women and 19 men), grouped according to their career locus of control, were differentially affected by a videotaped career intervention. The intervention was an attributional retraining procedure designed to persuade students to attribute low levels of confidence in making career decisions and career‐related failures to a lack of effort. Results indicated that the career decision‐making self‐efficacy (CDMSE) of students who initially exhibited an external career locus of control significantly increased after the attributional retraining procedure (p < .05), whereas the students who initially exhibited an internal career locus of control demonstrated no significant increase in CDMSE after attributional retraining.
Individualism—Collectivism and the Vocational Behavior of Majority Culture College Students
Authors: Hartung Paul J. , Speight Joan D. , Lewis Daniel M.
Published: December 2011

This study examined whether variation on the cultural constructs of individualism–collectivism in a sample of predominantly majority culture (i.e., Anglo American) college students accounts for significant amounts of variance in their occupational choices, career plans, and work values. Participants (135 women, 55 men) responded to the “I am” sentence completion method (Kuhn & McPartland, 1954), the Occupational Plans Questionnaire (Hershenson, 1967), and the Work Values Inventory (Super, 1970). Overall, results indicated no significant relationships between level of collectivism and the career‐related variables.
“A Little More Than Kin, and Less Than Kind”: Basic Interests in Vocational Research and Career Counseling
Authors: Day Susan X. , Rounds James
Published: December 2011

The history of basic interests helps explain their under‐use as a meaningful dimension in the interpretation of career inventories. Research and reflection support new attention to basic interests for four reasons: (a) basic interests may be more optimal cognitive categories than other levels of classification, (b) the RIASEC arrangement of general occupational types may not adequately represent the complexity of the interest space, (c) the interest space itself may be differently conceptualized by men and by women, and (d) the realities of work in this technological era are fundamentally different than they were when occupational inventories such as the Strong Interest Inventory™ (Campbell, 1977) were designed.
Dimensions of Adolescent Employment
Authors: Mael Fred A. , Morath Ray A. , McLellan Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2011

Work during adolescence, including part‐time work during the school year, has been viewed as vocational behavior with mixed effects on other behaviors and attitudes. Using two different samples (West Point cadets and high school seniors who qualified for ROTC membership), we examined possible positive and negative correlates of adolescent work as a function of work dimensions, and both concurrent and subsequent performance criteria. Results indicated that concurrent costs and benefits of adolescent employment may depend on dimensions of work as well as adolescent characteristics. Similarly, adolescent employment was found to be generally related to subsequent work motivation and nonacademic performance.
Framings of Career Compromises: How Career Counselors Can Help
Authors: Gati Itamar , Houminer Daphna , Fassa Naomi
Published: December 2011

Compromise is a significant component of career decisions as well as many other personal decisions. This article presents a conceptual model for dealing with career compromise and discusses its implications for the career counseling process. The model identifies three possible framings that individuals may adopt when facing compromise. Specifically, compromise may be framed in terms of career alternatives, the importance of different aspects, and within‐aspect preferences. The distinctions among the three framings have distinct implications for the career decision‐making process. Suggestions are discussed for relevant intervention options aimed at decreasing the potentially harmful effects of the need to compromise.
The Joint Action of Parents and Adolescents in Conversation About Career
Authors: Young Richard A. , Valach Ladislav , Paseluikho Michele A. , Dover Carolyn , Matthes Glenn E. , Paproski Donna L. , Sankey Andria M.
Published: December 2011

Analyses of 14 videotaped parent—adolescent career conversations reveal the socially constructed nature of career. These analyses are used to identify joint actions in career conversations, determine their patterns, and address their meaning for the participants. Joint action refers to the action that people take together or that occurs between them. The participants used 3 superordinate joint actions (struggle, exploration, and negotiation) and several subordinate joint actions. Three patterns of joint actions were also identified. The joint actions had particular meaning for both career and the relationship between the participants.
Becoming Self‐Employed
Authors: Lee Grant , Cochran Larry
Published: December 2011

This study explored how persons become self‐employed. In critical incident interviews (Flanagan, 1954) with 5 self‐employed persons, the critical events that assisted or hindered progress toward self‐employment were elicited in chronological order. First, the 108 incidents were organized into 22 categories. Next, using the chronological order of categories of events, 2 basic patterns or plots for becoming self‐employed were identified. Last, 8 distinctive themes of personal progress in the patterns were described. In general, becoming self‐employed involved establishing conditions of action that enhanced a sense of agency, enabling each person to make a decision.
Appraising Cultural Identity in Career‐Development Assessment and Counseling
Authors: Hartung Paul J. , Vandiver Beverly J. , Leong Frederick T. L. , Pope Mark , Niles Spencer G. , Farrow Beverly
Published: December 2011

Career‐Development Assessment and Counseling (C‐DAC) systematically bridges career theory and practice. Integrating differential, developmental, and phenomenological methods, the C‐DAC model uses a comprehensive career assessment battery to help clients explore their roles, developmental stages and tasks, career attitudes and knowledge, values, and interests within their unique life contexts. The authors recommend elaborating the C‐DAC model to formally appraise cultural identity in step one of the model and to consider cultural identity concerns throughout the C‐DAC process. This should help counselors more clearly understand how cultural factors influence people's career development and vocational behavior.
The Viability of Career Maturity Theory: A Developmental—Contextual Perspective
Authors: Vondracek Fred W. , Reitzle Matthias
Published: December 2011

The critical role of the timing of person—context interactions is important in the conceptualization of the school‐to‐work transition. It is argued that career maturity, with its focus on the individual and its ties to stage models and notions of age‐appropriateness, gives insufficient attention to the particular contexts of time and culture within which it may be observed. The use of recent advances in developmental theory is suggested as a viable alternative for understanding developmental transitions. Findings from the research literature and from a recent study of young adults from former East Germany and former West Germany are cited in support of this proposal. These findings highlight limitations of the construct of career maturity in showing how individual differences and contextual factors contribute to the school‐to‐work transition in contrasting environments of former East and West Germany.
The Influence of Age and Type of Job on Gender Differences in Pay Expectations
Authors: Gasser Michael B. , Oliver Jennifer A. , Tan Rowena N.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the extent to which gender and type of job influenced pay expectations in elementary school, secondary school, and college students. Participants were presented with a list of 12 jobs evenly divided between primarily female, primarily male, and gender neutral occupations. Using a relative rating scale, participants were asked to indicate how much they should make if they were in the occupation. A significant interaction was found between type of job and gender for pay expectations. Suggestions for using this information in applied settings are provided.
A Cognitive Information Processing Approach to Employment Problem Solving and Decision Making
Authors: Sampson James P. , Lenz Janet G. , Reardon Robert C. , Peterson Gary W.
Published: December 2011

This article applies a cognitive information processing approach to career problem solving and decision making to the specific process of employment problem solving and decision making. Definitions and accompanying employment examples are followed by an exploration of the nature of employment problems. Content and process dimensions are described by applying information processing concepts to employment problem solving and decision making. Examples of positive and negative cognitions that have an impact on the effectiveness of employment problem solving and decision making are also provided.
Career Services Imperatives for the Next Millennium
Authors: Rayman Jack R.
Published: December 2011

This thought‐piece reaffirms and updates the 10 “Imperatives for the 90s” articulated in a 1993 issue of The Jossey‐Bass New Directions for Student Services Series titled The Changing Hole of Career Services (J. R. Rayman, 1993). In that volume (No. G2), 10 imperatives for the 90s specific to career services in colleges and universities were identified. Some of the issues that seemed critical then remain critical today. Others have been partially resolved and still others have taken on even more importance and urgency. This article reaffirms those 10 imperatives, provides additional support for their legitimacy, and offers speculations about the future.
The Case of Mandy: Applying Holland's Theory and Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Authors: Reardon Robert C. , Wright Laura K.
Published: December 2011

In this article the authors discuss the application of Holland's theory (Holland, 1997) and cognitive information processing theory (CIP; Peterson, Sampson, & Reardon, 1991) to the case of a college student named Mandy who was deciding about a major and a future career. The authors also describe how a career planning class, the Self‐Directed Search (SDS; Holland, Powell & Fritzsch, 1994), the Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI; Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon, & Saunders, 1998), and Improving Your Career Thoughts: A Workbook for the Career Thoughts Inventory (Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Rearson, & Saunders, 1996) were used as interventions to allow Mandy to become aware of her negative thinking patterns and to begin the process of reframing these thoughts. The outcome of Mandy's case, her personal reactions to this article, and practical implications for other service providers, are discussed.
Applying Career Development Theories to the School‐to‐Work Transition Process
Authors: Lent Robert W. , Worthington Roger L.
Published: December 2011

Responding to national and local initiatives, the career development profession has been engaged in efforts to aid understanding and facilitation of the school‐to‐work (STW) transition process. Vocational theory has been cited as one especially important area in which the career development field can contribute to the STW movement, yet career development theories do not typically highlight their relevance to the STW transition process. This special issue of The Career Development Quarterly features a set of articles that examine how several prominent career development theories (person‐environment fit, social learning, developmental, and social cognitive) can be brought to bear on the STW process. Three discussants assess the theories' utility as templates for studying and facilitating the transition from school to work.
Applying Theories of Person‐Environment Fit to the Transition From School to Work
Authors: Swanson Jane L. , Fouad Nadya A.
Published: December 2011

This article describes potential contributions of theories of person‐environment fit to understanding of the transition from school to work. The authors review basic assumptions of person‐environment fit theories and how the theories can be applied to the school‐to‐work transition. An earlier version of this article was presented by the senior author at the 1997 annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, Illinois.
Comparing Intake Concerns and Goals With Career Counseling Concerns
Authors: Niles Spencer G. , Anderson Walter P. , Cover Stephanie
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated the relationship among clients' intake concerns, intake goals, and career counseling concerns. Results indicated that intake goals focused primarily on resolving D. E. Super's (1957) exploration stage tasks, but concerns included education‐related issues and ego dystonic emotions related to work. Intake concerns and goals were not related to the content of career counseling. Implications are discussed.
A Promising Step for Improving Career Service Delivery: Comment on Sampson et al. (2000)
Authors: Jepsen David A.
Published: December 2011

J. P. Sampson, G. W. Peterson, R. C. Reardon, and J. G. Lenz (2000) present in clear, concise terms a short tour of the cognitive information‐processing (CIP) framework that is useful for stimulating practitioners to improve career services. These authors strike an appropriate tone of optimism and caution that matches the article author's own experience as a practitioner and a teacher of the CIP framework. The author's optimism is fueled by fresh insights suggested by the CIP framework and an eagerness to try them out. He expresses caution regarding the need for affirming evidence.
The Viability of Readiness Assessment in Contributing to Improved Career Services: Response to Jepsen (2000)
Authors: Sampson James P. , Peterson Gary W. , Reardon Robert C. , Lenz Janet G.
Published: December 2011

This article responds to D. A. Jepsen's (2000) commentary on Sampson et al.'s theory‐based approach to using readiness assessment to improve career services (J. P. Sampson, G. W. Peterson, R. C. Reardon, & J. G. Lenz, 2000). Three topics are included in this response: the reliability, validity, and utility of readiness assessment measures; verbal ability and the use of cognitive information‐processing theory in practice; and the potential contribution of reflective evaluation in career decision making. This article concludes with recommended research questions to examine the impact of readiness assessment on the effectiveness of career service delivery.
Perceived Influences on High School Students' Current Career Expectations
Authors: Paa Heidi K. , McWhirter Ellen Hawley
Published: December 2011

The authors present descriptive data on 464 high school students' perceptions of various factors that might influence their current career expectations. Results suggest that high school adolescents are aware of a variety of internal and external influences on their current career expectations. Girls endorsed more types of influence for mothers, female friends, and female teachers than did boys.
International Collaboration in Translating Career Theory to Practice
Authors: Sampson James P. , Watts A. G. , Palmer Martin , Hughes Deirdre
Published: December 2011

This article describes an effort to apply a theoretical perspective developed in one country (the United States) to cope with increasing demand for career services and limited funding in another country (the United Kingdom) faced with similar increasing demands for cost‐effective service delivery. The authors hope that the experience gained in the transnational application of theory to practice they present can be replicated in other countries using other theoretical perspectives. This article describes the process used in one transnational career theory adaptation project and discusses implications for transnational adaptations of career theory across countries.
The Emergence of Career Development Facilitators
Authors: Splete Howard H. , Hoppin Judith M.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the collaborative efforts of the National Career Development Association, National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, and Career Development Training Institute at Oakland University, which resulted in the emergence and recognition of the important role of career development facilitators (CDFs). The development of the CDF competencies, curriculum, and certification is summarized, and examples of counselor‐facilitator collaboration are provided.
Wall‐to‐Wall or Patchwork? Linkages: Vehicles of Partnership
Authors: Plant Peter
Published: December 2011

Career development services are often poorly interlinked. They overlap, yet they can also be too far apart. They reach out, yet they do not always reach out to those who need the services the most. With examples from Denmark, this article indicates how and why career development services are linked in partnerships at different levels. Is a wall‐to‐wall carpet of career development services to be preferred over a patchwork quilt?
Theory and the School‐to‐Work Transition: Are the Recommendations Suitable for Cultural Minorities?
Authors: Brown Duane
Published: December 2011

The special June 1999 issue of The Career Development Quarterly that dealt with school‐to‐work transitions was an admirable attempt to link theory to practice. However, both the theories used and the practices suggested failed to take into account the special concerns of cultural minorities. Suggestions for improving theory and practice to make them more culturally sensitive are made in this reaction.
Career Development and Its Practice: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Herr Edwin L.
Published: December 2011

The use of the term career development as descriptive of both the factors and the processes influencing individual career behavior and as synonymous with intervention in career behavior (e.g., the practice of career development) is relatively recent. As professional vocabulary evolves across time, so do the form and substance of career interventions and those to whom they are directed. At the beginning of the new millennium, this article reviews the legacy of the 20th century and considers selected theoretical and practical issues likely to be prominent in the practice of career development in the decades immediately ahead.
Theoretical Voices Directing the Career Development Journey: Holland, Harris‐Bowlsbey, and Krumboltz
Authors: Feller Rich W. , Honaker Stevie L. , Zagzebski Lynn M.
Published: December 2011

The counselor's role in facilitating career development remains dynamic as lifelong learning, expanding lifestyle options, and the changing workplace present new opportunities. In response, most practitioners follow some common theoretical assumptions as their foundation. As the career development field celebrates its place and embraces the millennium, the work of John Holland, the developmental perspective promoted by JoAnn Harris‐Bowlsbey, and John Krumboltz's social learning theory are captured through this personal view of the career development journey. Unique insights about the context of their work and view of the future workplace are shared.
Selected Milestones in the Evolution of Career Development Practices in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Herr Edwin L. , Shahnasarian Michael
Published: December 2011

This article briefly chronicles selected major events and personalities that have stimulated and shaped career development practices in the 20th century. In its headings by decades, the article seeks to contextualize major political, social, economic, and scientific themes that have influenced the evolution of models of career behavior, career interventions, and the preparation of counselors to engage in the practice of career development.
Knowledge‐Information‐Service Era Changes in Work and Education and the Changing Role of the School Counselor in Career Education
Authors: Hoyt Kenneth B. , Wickwire Pat Nellor
Published: December 2011

The Knowledge‐Information‐Service Era (KIS) is reflecting exponential changes in social, economic, government, career, education, work, and other life systems. Changes in work and workplace present a challenge to education and “educationplace” to provide concentrated attention to career development. Career education is an answer to the challenge. School counselors have a changing role in supporting the needs of students and workers for basic academic skills, productive work habits, work values, and means of relating paid and unpaid work as parts of total lifestyle.
Stability and Change in 25‐Year Occupational Career Patterns
Authors: Jepsen David A. , Choudhuri Enakshi
Published: December 2011

The authors identify and describe occupational career patterns (OCPs) over 25 years for a single grade cohort of 170 rural high school graduates. OCP is the sequence of 1 person's work positions during the adolescent and adult years; a Stable OCP is experienced by persons engaged in the same type of occupation over their entire working career. More than one third of the respondents experienced Stable OCPs. Men experience greater OCP stability than women. OCP stability is linked to lower midlife career and job satisfaction, independent of the early experiences of socioeconomic status and gender.
The Career‐O‐Gram: A Postmodern Career Intervention
Authors: Thorngren Jill M. , Feit Stephen S.
Published: December 2011

The authors examine the usefulness of postmodernism in career counseling. Specifically, a case is made for broadening career counseling theories and techniques to feature the contextual influences inherent in each individual's unique career history. A career intervention, titled the Career‐O‐Gram, is introduced as a tool for exploring contextual influences on career development. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the Career‐O‐Gram.
The Storied Approach: A Postmodern Perspective for Career Counseling
Authors: Brott Pamelia E.
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the storied approach as a constructivist perspective on career counseling. The storied approach explores the client's world through story development as the client and counselor collaboratively co‐construct, deconstruct, and construct life stories. Story development encompasses the client's past, present, and future life experiences that are related to life roles (i.e., family, student, worker, leisure, community). Assessment consists of both quantitative and qualitative data that are woven into the client's story as the symbols or meanings that call for further exploration.
A Follow‐Up of Adult Career Counseling Clients of a University Extension Center
Authors: Healy Charles C.
Published: December 2011

An unannounced, telephone follow‐up evaluation of 181 out‐of‐school adults who had enrolled in 1 of 2 programs of individual career counseling at a university extension center indicated that 78% were satisfied or very satisfied. Eighty‐five percent reported that they were following through on their counseling in a variety of ways, including pursuing further education (35%) and changing jobs or occupations (14%). Satisfaction was not related at a statistically significant level to completion of their allotted counseling interviews, program, gender, or education level. The discussion considers the implications for offering career counseling to adults and for future research.
Academic Self‐Efficacy Within a Culture of Modern Racism: The Case of Benita
Authors: Spanierman Lisa Beth
Published: December 2011

The author presents a case study that depicts an African American student's experience in her graduate program, as described to a career counselor. The ecological model of career development (E. P. Cook, M. J. Heppner, & K. M. O'Brien, 2002), which addresses both the microsystems and macrosystems levels of analyses, is applied to the case. The author presents proposed interventions for use with the client and discusses potential barriers to effective multicultural career counseling.
Career Counseling and the Information Highway: Heeding the Road Signs
Authors: O'Halloran Theresa M. , Fahr Alicia V. , Keller Jenny R.
Published: December 2011

Traveling the “information highway” in the process of career counseling or providing career counseling services via the Internet pose additional challenges for counselors. In this article, the authors use current ethical guidelines to guide discussion of, and possible resolutions to, challenges posed by incorporating the Internet into career counseling.
Career Counseling in Japan: Today and in the Future
Authors: Tatsuno Ryoji
Published: December 2011

The number of young people who postpone their career decision is increasing in Japan, as is the high unemployment rate. In companies, on the other hand, the traditional seniority system and lifetime employment, which once provided job security for corporate employees, began to collapse. Employees' work ethics and corporate attitudes toward workers have also changed. Under such circumstances, career counseling is the focus of public attention. In this article written in 1999, the author examines some problems in Japan's career counseling, compared with career counseling in the U.S., and discusses which course Japan's career counseling should take to cope with dramatic social changes.
Career Counseling in Hong Kong: Meeting the Social Challenges
Authors: Leung S. Alvin
Published: December 2011

The article describes and examines the recent development of career development and counseling in Hong Kong in 3 major settings: school, university, and community. Convergence and divergence in career counseling between Hong Kong and the United States are discussed, in reference to a number of areas, including the freedom to choose and compromise, collectivism and individualism, school‐to‐work transition, use of tests, and types of career intervention. Areas of collaboration between the 2 regions are identified and discussed.
Using the Intelligent Careers Card Sort® With University Students
Authors: Wnuk Susan M. , Amundson Norman E.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the experiences of university students who completed the Intelligent Careers Card Sort® (ICCS), a career exploration exercise that is based on the Intelligent Career framework. The Intelligent Career suggests that there are 3 ways of knowing, which individuals should consider to successfully navigate the workplace: knowing‐why, knowing‐how, and knowing‐whom. This model is discussed in the context of the subjective career and the changing economy, and research on card sorts is briefly reviewed. In general, students thought that the ICCS was a useful part of the career development groups in which it was administered.
Mediating the Self: The Case of Sue
Authors: Mitchell Natasha A.
Published: December 2011

This article is a response to the case study presented by M. C. Rehfuss (2003) regarding a client, Sue, who is experiencing discord in her career as a mediator. A conceptualization of the client and additional areas for client exploration are presented. Five steps of a constructivist career counseling approach are applied to the case to assist Sue with experiencing optimal functioning in her career through her proactive commitment to her life theme of mediation.
Career Counseling for Human Development: An International Perspective
Authors: Guichard Jean
Published: December 2011

Important changes in career guidance practices that occurred during the 20th century can be partly explained by evolution of the contexts (notably, forms of work organization) in which these practices took place. What are the ultimate goals of today's practices? It seems unlikely that the individual development model, prevalent in guidance for several decades, could stand up to ethical questioning of its presumptions. The author suggests another model—that of human development founded on the following basic principle: to help individuals achieve their own humanity by helping others to achieve theirs, fully and each in their own way.
Student Training Promotes Mentoring Awareness and Action
Authors: Packard Becky Wai‐Ling
Published: December 2011

Student training is a critical but often overlooked aspect of the mentoring process. Composite mentoring, involving the strategic selection of a diverse set of mentors, is proposed to guide students to take a more active role in their own mentoring experiences. A mentoring program with composite mentoring as a guiding framework was designed and implemented for college women pursuing science careers. The effectiveness of the program is illustrated, and students reported enhanced mentoring and career‐related experiences. Implications for advising, career counseling, and mentoring program design are discussed.
Suggestions for Training Students in Using the Internet for Career Counseling
Authors: McCarthy Christopher J. , Moller Naomi , Beard L. Michelle
Published: December 2011

The Internet is increasingly important for career counseling; however, there are few suggestions for training graduate counseling students how to use this technology. This project sought to address that lack by having graduate counseling students use a structured interview with undergraduate volunteer clients to assess which needs could be met using the Internet. Graduate students then identified relevant Web sites and explored these in a meeting with the volunteer clients. Results of class surveys indicated that participants encountered few obstacles using the Internet and perceived this intervention to be useful. Implications for training graduate students in using the Internet for career counseling are discussed.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: December 2011

To commemorate the 90th anniversary of the National Career Development Association and to anticipate its centennial, this special issue presents 9 analyses of the career counseling profession's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). On the basis of SWOT analyses and using the methodology explained in this introductory article, the authors present objectives and strategies for advancing the profession in the next decade. The special issue concludes with an “analysis of the analyses” that reviews and integrates the authors' recommendations and suggestions for constructing the future of the profession.
The Next Decade in Career Counseling: Cocoon Maintenance or Metamorphosis?
Authors: Parmer Twinet , Rush Lee Covington
Published: December 2011

The authors, using a cocoon maintenance or metamorphosis metaphor, articulate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and future vision for career counseling. Major strengths in career counseling include the growth and development of career theory, research, and practice. Weaknesses are identified in terms of career counseling practices that maintain localized career standards. Opportunities exist for the profession to assist clients in redefining their careers on the basis of ownership and life stories. The continued devaluation of career counseling in counselor education programs is seen as a threat. The authors conclude with their vision for the future for the discipline and profession of career counseling.
Career Counseling in the Twenty‐First Century: Beyond Cultural Encapsulation
Authors: Pope Mark
Published: December 2011

The author analyzes the context in which professional career counseling in the U.S. exists at the beginning of the 21st century and makes recommendations to enhance the growth and development of the profession. The issues addressed include developing curricula, training career counselors, broadening the focus on career decision making to include work adjustment, improving the basic and advanced skills of career counselors, and extending career services to diverse groups in the U.S. and to people in other nations. Specific strategies that address each of these issues are discussed.
A Person‐Centered Perspective to Welfare‐to‐Work Services: In Pursuit of the Elusive and the Unattainable
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: December 2011

Because of changes in legislation regarding the U.S. welfare system, there is an urgency now that has never before existed, except perhaps during the Great Depression, for career counselors to advocate for those of their clients who are on welfare and for their minor dependents. E. B. Lent (2001) has revitalized the debate over the role Rogers's person‐centered perspective should play in career development with welfare‐to‐work (WTW) clients. The usefulness of such an approach with today's clients was explored within the context of inherent limitations of Rogers's person‐centered perspective. Potential ethical conflicts for career counselors working with WTW clients were identified.
General Job Satisfaction From a Developmental Perspective: Exploring Choice—Job Matches at Two Career Stages
Authors: Jepsen David A. , Sheu Hung‐Bin
Published: December 2011

The authors explored predictions of general job satisfaction at early and middle adulthood and uncovered several findings about developmental processes associated with job satisfaction. Tests of life‐span career theory propositions revealed that neither choice‐job congruence nor gender added significantly to predictions of job satisfaction at 2 career stages. Earlier occupational choice and current job added to predictions of midcareer (modal age 43 years) job satisfaction, especially for men. The predictability of job satisfaction is apparently influenced by the career stage when satisfaction is appraised.
Counseling for Continued Career Development After Retirement: An Application of the Theory of Work Adjustment
Authors: Harper Melanie C. , Shoffner Marie F.
Published: December 2011

The theory of work adjustment (TWA; R. V. Dawis & L. H. Lofquist, 1984; L. H. Lofquist & R. V. Dawis, 1969, 1991) is useful in addressing the career counseling needs of retirees who want to continue working but who need to explore their career choices before settling on a new occupation or job. This article examines some of the challenges that midlife and older adults face as they plan postretirement careers. Information about TWA and a case example are provided to assist counselors in understanding how TWA can be applied to retirement career counseling.
A Career Readiness Typology and Typal Membership in Middle School
Authors: Akos Patrick , Konold Tim , Niles Spencer G.
Published: December 2011

This study explored a career readiness typology of 629 8th‐grade students using the Career Factors Inventory. Data revealed developmentally appropriate elevated needs for information, specifically self‐knowledge. In addition, cluster analysis demonstrated the heterogeneity of career development needs of 8th‐grade students. Typal membership revealed little variance on sociodemographic factors. Career development implications are presented.
Cultural Dimensions of Career Decision‐Making Difficulties
Authors: Mau Wei‐Cheng J.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated cultural dimensions of career decision‐making difficulties using the Career Decision‐Making Difficulties Questionnaire. Career decision‐making difficulties were compared among White, African, Hispanic, and Asian American high school and university students at U.S. schools. Results indicated Asian American students perceived significantly more difficulties in career decision making than other groups, whereas White American students perceived the fewest difficulties. Asian American students reported more difficulties than White and Hispanic American students before the process and more difficulties than White and African American students during the process. Findings are discussed based on perspectives of cultural differences.
A Preliminary Investigation of Factors Associated With Job Loss Grief
Authors: Brewington Janice O. , Nassar‐McMillan Sylvia C. , Flowers Claudia P. , Furr Susan R.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated relationships among factors hypothesized as related to job loss grief. A summary grief score correlated positively with time since job loss and number of dependents, and negatively with length of notice. Perceived reemployment prospects and income loss related positively to some grief index subscales, as did the condition of living on one's own. Job duration correlated negatively with some grief responses. Implications for counseling and avenues for future research are discussed.
Voices in Transition: Lessons on Career Adaptability
Authors: Ebberwein Christopher A. , Krieshok Thomas S. , Ulven Jon C. , Prosser Ellie C.
Published: December 2011

Occupational problems have negative consequences across life domains, yet relatively little research addresses the psychological resources necessary for the adult career transition. Considering Super's concept of career adaptability (D. E. Super &: E. G. Knasel, 1981), the authors outline what they believe adults need to successfully manage the transition. Individuals in transition were interviewed and their responses were analyzed using qualitative methods. Participants who anticipated career change planfully and realistically, even when their jobs appeared to be secure, cited better experiences of the transition and perceived themselves to be coping better than did participants who ignored signs of change or reacted unrealistically soon after the job loss.