bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of complex laryngotracheal stenosis in childhood–experience of a tertiary University Hospital from 2016 to 2019
Authors: Avelino Melissa Ameloti Gomes , da Silveira Botacin Laís , Coutinho Miguel Angel Corrales
Published: January 2021

Background

Laryngotracheal stenosis is a major cause of airway obstruction in pediatric age. The correction of such abnormality still remains a challenge, both because of anatomical issues in childhood and also due to the difficulty in having properly trained professionals and adequate hospital facilities. As treatment, many different surgical techniques are offered ranging from endoscopic and less invasive procedures to open surgeries, such as laryngotracheal reconstruction and cricotracheal resection. The treatment for complex laryngotracheal stenosis is considered successful when we have decannulation or resolution of respiratory failure with release from intensive care unit. Eighteen patients who were monitored at the pediatric otorhinolaryngology service between 2016 and 2019 were diagnosed with complex stenosis, with the collection of demographic data, comorbidities, degree of initial stenosis, post-treatment aspect, and whether or not decannulation occurred.

Results

Of the eighteen cases, three had congenital stenosis, fourteen had acquired stenosis, and one had mixed stenosis. Ages ranged from 4 months old to 15 years old. Six (33.3%) underwent endoscopic dilation procedures only, six (33.3%) underwent laryngotracheoplasty, and five (27.7%) cricotracheal resections. One patient underwent a slide tracheoplasty. Seven patients (38.8%) had to undergo more than one type of procedure to improve stenosis. Out of the eighteen patients, three of them were never tracheostomized. Of the remaining fifteen patients, fourteen (93.3%) were decannulated.

Conclusions

The success rate in decannulation or the resolution of respiratory failure with discharge from the ICU, after the procedures for correcting stenosis in childhood in our service, was 94.4%.
Race, Gender, and the Prison Industrial Complex
Authors: Davis Angela Y. , Shaylor Cassandra
Published: January 2021

Despite the transnational growth of the prison industrial complex and the rapid expansion of the carceral state in the United States and beyond, violence against women in prisons has remained largely invisible. Reports from people inside prisons, amplified by activists on the outside and international human rights organizations documenting prison conditions, highlight rampant violations of human rights behind walls. The gendered nature of racism, which fuels the growth of the prison industrial complex, results in experiences of violence, including medical neglect, sexual abuse, lack of reproductive control, loss of parental rights, and the devastating effects of isolation, that manifest in particular ways in women’s prisons. Advocates who are challenging conditions inside increasingly are connecting with activists across the globe and organizing their efforts to resist this violence in concert with a broader resistance to carcerality overall.
On Writing and Return
Authors: Majaj Lisa Suhair
Published: January 2021

This article situates the Palestinian right of return within the context of Palestinian-American literary reflections and the intersection of women’s and human rights. Providing a brief history of Palestinian dispossession and the struggle for return, it explores the multiple dimensions of “return” in the context of physical displacement, loss, cultural erasure, and diaspora negotiations of belonging and exile. Identifying return as both a right and as a metaphor, it looks at gendered realities of Palestinian and Palestinian-American experience, critiques the dichotomy of nationalism and feminism, and explores how Palestinian-American literature, emerging from personal and political displacement, narrates a literary claim to both reclamation and transformation, in which to return is to claim what was lost and to construct Palestinian reality anew. Drawing on the words of several Palestinian-American authors and the author’s own experiences, the article voices “return” as a claim to the past and a foundation for the future.
September 11
Authors: Basu Amrita , Giddings Paula , Grewal Inderpal , Visweswaran Kamala
Published: January 2021

The links among feminism, race, and transnationalism, which are key to the Meridians project, are also crucial to understanding the events of 9/11 and the war on Afghanistan. Some pieces in this archive provide feminist perspectives on the impact of war and fundamentalism on women’s lives in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Other pieces analyze the ways in which racist representations of Muslim women and of Islam have come to play a key part in colonial and neocolonial “great games” being played in South, West, and Central Asia. Yet others link the U.S.-sponsored war in Afghanistan to the repression of the media and the attacks on civil liberties within the U.S. itself. In constructing an archive of these courageous testimonies, Meridians honors the courage and integrity of women in the United States and around the world who aspire to a better, more just world.
Practicing Love
Authors: Nash Jennifer C.
Published: January 2021

This article studies love as a distinct, transformative, and radical Black feminist politic. By closely sitting with the work of Alice Walker, June Jordan, and Audre Lorde, this article treats love-politics as another political tradition that has emerged from within the parameters of Black feminist thought, one that challenges the political tradition most closely associated with Black feminist thought: intersectionality.
LA DINÁMICA TEMPORAL DEL INGRESO MÍNIMO VITAL.
Authors: Moreno de Vega y Lomo Fernando
Published: January 2021

The Minimum Vital Income is a new non-contributory benefit of the social security system whose purpose in contribute to eradicate the situation of vulnerability generadted by both poverty and social exclusión. In the present work, the dinamycs for protective action are addressed of this novel guardianship instrument, a visión, consequently, more formal about the time operation for this prerogative, but that has to contribute to assessing the potential success, or not, of the legislator, in its continuous struggle for a balanced welfare state.
RECIENTES INTERPRETACIONES JURISPRUDENCIALES DEL REGLAMENTO 883/2004 SOBRE COORDINACIÓN EUROPEA DE LOS SISTEMAS NACIONALES DE SEGURIDAD SOCIAL.
Authors: Salas Porras María
Published: January 2021

The study of the European jurisprudence is essential to understand the legal dynamics underlying the application of European regulations. This is not only due to the complementary role that such pronouncements play, but especially because the legal-political reality that is Europe makes the Court of Justice one of the key pillars for continuing to advance its construction. Based on this idea, our essay abounds in the review of the most recent pronouncements made by the CJEU on coordination of national Social Security systems based on Regulation 883/2004, which allows us to present results that, without neglecting the economic sphere, increasingly seem to point more to the social.
FUENTES DEL DERECHO COMUNITARIO QUE PROPICIAN LA COORDINACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE SEGURIDAD SOCIAL EUROPEOS.
Authors: Martínez Martínez Verónica Lidia
Published: January 2021

This work with the support of the analytical method, aims to analyze the regulations that promote the coordination of the different and dissimilar European social security systems in primary and secondary law. In the final part, the subject of the creation of the regulations that is necessary to coordinate the European social security systems is exposed
LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DEL CICLO DE VIDA (UNA CUALIDAD POR REFORZAR).
Authors: Díaz Luis Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Social security needs to anchor its purposes in the life cycle. Its application in social security would make it possible to identify gender problems and conceive, from family allowances, an arc of protection before birth, reconciling the productive period with old age and ensuring the sustainability of pension funds. The coverage of the atypical and informal population could also be increased, because the life cycle, as a methodology and strategy of analysis, equalizes opportunities from before birth.
A PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL RURAL SOB CHECK-UP: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DOS DADOS ENCONTRADOS E SOLUÇÕES PARA A SUA DESJUDICIALIZAÇÃO.
Authors: Santana Dariel , Borsio Marcelo , Carús Guedes Jefferson
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to uncover the numbers of rural social security, with the aim of critically analyzing them, and to point out ways to enable their judicialization. For this purpose, as a methodology, the jurisprudence of the higher courts was researched, exploratory bibliographic research and quantitative and qualitative analyzes were used. It was discovered, verbi gratia, that the amount of rural social security benefits paid by the INSS, in 2015, was 50% higher than the population residing in the rural area, something enigmatic and that demanded investigation. In order to better understand this complex Brazilian social security framework –especially the one related to the rural area– the numbers referring to social security benefits aimed at urban and rural clients, the amount of urban and rural benefits per region will be displayed in this disquisition. country, which types of benefits are granted in greater volume, the degree of judicialization of social security claims by type of benefits and the importance of rural social security for municipal economies, among other no less relevant data. Finally, after a critical analysis of the denoted data, some ways will be pointed out to better understand what has been happening with the Brazilian rural welfare and what are the most appropriate solutions to be implemented to correct the distortions found.
Multiplexed illumination for classifying visually similar objects
Authors: Wang Taihua , Dansereau Donald G.
Published: January 2021

We propose the use of multiplexed illumination to enable the classification of visually similar objects that cannot normally be distinguished. We construct a compact red, green, blue, and near-infrared light stage and develop a method to jointly select informative illumination patterns and training a classifier that uses the resulting images. We use the light stage to model training samples and synthesize noise-accurate images that drive the training process and a time-efficient greedy pattern selection scheme. The system delivers fast, accurate classification of previously indistinguishable samples, outperforming fixed-illuminant and conventional noise-optimal patterns. This work has potential applications spanning forgery detection and quality control in agriculture and manufacturing.
Characterization of cellophane birefringence due to uniaxial strain by focused surface plasmon microscopy
Authors: Chakraborty Ipsita , Kano Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we study the relationship of local birefringence and stress oriented inhomogeneous elasticity of a sample from the spatial frequency response of focused surface plasmon (FSP). The birefringence of the sample varies the propagation constant of surface plasmon with regard to its direction and produces an elliptic absorption pattern in the reflected spatial frequency distribution. Birefringence is calculated from the ratio of the propagation constant along the fast to slow axis of the sample. The change in eccentricity was proportional to the applied stress on cellophane film. A strong correlation (0.94∼0.97) exists between FSP and phase shifting interferometry results.
Comparative genomic analysis of three geographical isolates from China reveals high genetic stability of Plutella xylostella granulovirus
Authors: Zhang Man-Li , Wang Ling-Qian , Qi Yong , Wu Yi , Zhou Dong-Hui , Li Lu-Lin
Published: January 2021

In this study, the genomes of three Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PlxyGV) isolates, PlxyGV-W and PlxyGV-Wn from near Wuhan and PlxyGV-B from near Beijing, China were completely sequenced and comparatively analyzed to investigate genetic stability and diversity of PlxyGV. PlxyGV-W, PlxyGV-B and PlxyGV-Wn consist of 100,941bp, 100,972bp and 100,999bp in length with G + C compositions of 40.71–40.73%, respectively, and share nucleotide sequence identities of 99.5–99.8%. The three individual isolates contain 118 putative protein-encoding ORFs in common. PlxyGV-W, PlxyGV-B and PlxyGV-Wn have ten, nineteen and six nonsynonymous intra isolate nucleotide polymorphisms (NPs) in six, fourteen and five ORFs, respectively, including homologs of five DNA replication/late expression factors and two per os infectivity factors. There are seventeen nonsynonymous inter isolate NPs in seven ORFs between PlxyGV-W and PlxyGV-B, seventy three nonsynonymous NPs in forty seven ORFs between PlxyGV-W and PlxyGV-Wn, seventy seven nonsynonymous NPs in forty six ORFs between PlxyGV-B and PlxyGV-Wn. Alignment of the genome sequences of nine PlxyGV isolates sequenced up to date shows that the sequence homogeneity between the genomes are over 99.4%, with the exception of the genome of PlxyGV-SA from South Africa, which shares a sequence identity of 98.6–98.7% with the other ones. No events of gene gain/loss or translocations were observed. These results suggest that PlxyGV genome is fairly stable in nature. In addition, the transcription start sites and polyadenylation sites of thirteen PlxyGV-specific ORFs, conserved in all PlxyGV isolates, were identified by RACE analysis using mRNAs purified from larvae infected by PlxyGV-Wn, proving the PlxyGV-specific ORFs are all genuine genes.
Genomic Steppe ancestry in skeletons from the Neolithic Single Grave Culture in Denmark
Authors: Egfjord Anne Friis-Holm , Margaryan Ashot , Fischer Anders , Sjögren Karl-Göran , Price T. Douglas , Johannsen Niels N. , Nielsen Poul Otto , Sørensen Lasse , Willerslev Eske , Iversen Rune , Sikora Martin , Kristiansen Kristian , Allentoft Morten E.
Published: January 2021

The Gjerrild burial provides the largest and best-preserved assemblage of human skeletal material presently known from the Single Grave Culture (SGC) in Denmark. For generations it has been debated among archaeologists if the appearance of this archaeological complex represents a continuation of the previous Neolithic communities, or was facilitated by incoming migrants. We sampled and analysed five skeletons from the Gjerrild cist, buried over a period of c. 300 years, 2600/2500–2200 cal BCE. Despite poor DNA preservation, we managed to sequence the genome (>1X) of one individual and the partial genomes (0.007X and 0.02X) of another two individuals. Our genetic data document a female (Gjerrild 1) and two males (Gjerrild 5 + 8), harbouring typical Neolithic K2a and HV0 mtDNA haplogroups, but also a rare basal variant of the R1b1 Y-chromosomal haplogroup. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate that these people had a significant Yamnaya-derived (i.e. steppe) ancestry component and a close genetic resemblance to the Corded Ware (and related) groups that were present in large parts of Northern and Central Europe at the time. Assuming that the Gjerrild skeletons are genetically representative of the population of the SGC in broader terms, the transition from the local Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) to SGC is not characterized by demographic continuity. Rather, the emergence of SGC in Denmark was part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population expansion that swept across the European continent in the 3rd millennium BCE, resulting in various degrees of genetic replacement and admixture processes with previous Neolithic populations.
#Caremongering: A community-led social movement to address health and social needs during COVID-19
Authors: Seow Hsien , McMillan Kayla , Civak Margaret , Bainbridge Daryl , van der Wal Alison , Haanstra Christa , Goldhar Jodeme , Winemaker Samantha
Published: January 2021

Background

To combat social distancing and stay-at-home restrictions due to COVID-19, Canadian communities began a Facebook social media movement, #Caremongering, to support vulnerable individuals in their communities. Little research has examined the spread and use of #Caremongering to address community health and social needs.

Objectives

We examined the rate at which #Caremongering grew across Canada, the main ways the groups were used, and differences in use by membership size and activity.

Methods

We searched Facebook Groups using the term “Caremongering” combined with the names of the largest population centres in every province and territory in Canada. We extracted available Facebook analytics on all the groups found, restricted to public groups that operated in English. We further conducted a content analysis of themes from postings in 30 groups using purposive sampling. Posted content was qualitatively analyzed to determine consistent themes across the groups and between those with smaller and larger member numbers.

Results

The search of Facebook groups across 185 cities yielded 130 unique groups, including groups from all 13 provinces and territories in Canada. Total membership across all groups as of May 4, 2020 was 194,879. The vast majority were formed within days of the global pandemic announcement, two months prior. There were four major themes identified: personal protective equipment, offer, need, and information. Few differences were found between how large and small groups were being used.

Conclusions

The #Caremongering Facebook groups spread across the entire nation in a matter of days, engaging hundreds of thousands of Canadians. Social media appears to be a useful tool for spreading community-led solutions to address health and social needs.
«The Children of Darkness» and «International Community»: Colonial Policy from the Perspective of the English School of International Relations
Authors: Mironov V.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the evaluation of the role of colonial policy in the works of historians of the English School of international relations. The aim of the article is to highlight the main stages in the study of colonial problems in the concept of international society and to show the specifics of the evaluation of colonialism in the historiographic aspect. The sources of the work were texts of leading representatives of this scientific community. The historiographical analysis shows that there are three stages in the study of colonial issues in the English School of international relations. They reflect both the processes of historical development of Great Britain in the second half of the 20th century, and the internal line of evolution of the school concept. At the first stage (1950-1970), the colonial problem did not have an independent significance for the analysis of international relations. The second stage (1980-1990) is characterized by the recognition of colonial policy as an institution for the development of international society in history, although it is evaluated inconsistently. The third stage is modern and it shows the important role of the former colonies in the structure of modern international society. The article analyzes the key arguments in assessing the role of colonies for each stage based on the work of leading representatives of the community. The main conclusion of the article is that the ability to change attitudes to colonialism in the analysis of international society explains the growing interest in the concept of school in modern Asian countries.).
Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War as a Soft Power Resource of Modern Russia
Authors: Naumov A.O.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the role of historical memory of the Great Patriotic War as a resource of soft power of the Russian Federation. The research methods used are the method of historicism, institutional approach and comparative analysis. In this context, the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and the BRICS (Russia, Brazil, India, China, South Africa) are considered as objects of implementation of the domestic soft power policy. The author reveals the awareness of the peoples of these states about the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War, the attitude of political elites to the events of 1939-1945, peculiarity of state politics of historical memory in relation to this global conflict. Based on this analysis, proposals are formulated to optimize the Russian strategy of soft power in the EEU and BRICS countries. The author concludes that the narrative of the Great Victory is potentially a very effective resource of modern Russia’s soft power.
Tanay Culture and Transition Time from the Developed to the Late Bronze Age in Northern-Western Asia
Authors:   The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I.V. Kovtun
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the ornament and chronology of the Tanai culture and the characteristics of the inter-age transitional period in North-West Asia in the 2nd third of the 2nd millennium BC. The identification of the early Andronoid Tanai culture is substantiated, its area is outlined and an absolute chronology is established. The foundations of the typology of the Tanai ornamentation has been developed and its differences from the Korchazhkin decor have been traced. The sources of popular Tanai motifs, dating back to the Nurtai and Atasu antiquities of Central Kazakhstan, have been established. A suite of early Andronovo cultures, which constituted the historical content of the transitional period, is identified, and a series of dating confirming the unity of this cultural-chronological horizon is presented.
Ceramics of the Burial Ground of the Andronovskaya (Fedorovskaya) Culture Chekanovsky Log-2 (comprehensive analysis)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, I. Savko ,   Altai State University, O. Fedoruk ,   Altai State University
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the results of a comprehensive analysis of the ceramic complex of the Chekanovsky Log-2 burial ground of the Andronovskaya (Fedorovskaya) culture, located in the North-Western foothills of Altai. In the course of morphological analysis, three forms of vessels were identified: pots, jars, and pot-jars. The leading method of ornamentation was stamping. Seven basic elements of the ornament and 27 different motives were used for ornamenting. Some differences are recorded in the technique of ornamentation and compositional schemes of the two sections of the burial ground. A technical and technological analysis showed that for the production of crockery local potters preferred medium-iron clays, mostly medium-plastic. The leading recipe for the preparation of molding masses at the site was clay + grit + fireclay + organic matter. At the same time, in the north section, there are vessels made only with the addition of chamotte as a mineral admixture. Thus, the materials of the site demonstrate the process of mixing different traditions in pottery. Most likely, on the territory of the North-Western foothills of Altai during the developed Bronze Age, there was an active interaction and mutual influence of the population of different geographical zones: foothill and lowland, which probably belonged to various local variants of the Andronovo cultural and historical community: East Kazakhstan and Ob.
Livestock in the Life of Ekaterinburg in the 19th Century Based on the Materials of Protection Excavations At 69 Dekabristov Street
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, A. Rassadnikov
Published: January 2021

The article publishes the results of an archaeozoological study of faunal remains from a residential area in the city of Yekaterinburg, dating back to the 19th century. The aim of the work is to reconstruct the meat nutrition system of the city residents and various aspects related to the characteristics of the cattle slaughtered for meat. The materials of the work are represented by the bones of livestock, which are waste from cooking. A number of bone products are also considered, which are represented by dice and household items. When processing the bones of domestic animals, conventional archaeozoological techniques were used. Comparative data on modern beef cattle were used to interpret pathologies on the bones of livestock. Analysis of the osteological collection showed a noticeable prevalence of cattle bones over all other types of domestic animals. In the diet of the inhabitants of Yekaterinburg in the 19th century, beef was of paramount importance. Butchering the carcasses of slaughtered cattle was carried out with an ax. Paleopathological analysis did not reveal reliable evidence of unsatisfactory conditions for keeping livestock and the fact of the use of bulls.
A számviteli szabályozások eltérésének okairól (Causes of the differences in accounting regulations)
Authors: Lakatos László Péter
Published: January 2021

A számviteli szabályozások közötti eltérések oda vezethetnek, hogy ugyanarról a gazdálkodó egység, egyazon időszakáról, akár jelentősen is eltérő, és az adott szabályozási logika alapján helyes pénzügyi kimutatások készülnek. Ezek a sokszor materiális eltérések nehezen magyarázhatók, ha figyelembe vesszük azt a tényt is, hogy a különböző pénzügyi kimutatások mögött azonos gazdasági események húzódnak meg. Az eltérések a számviteli szabályozás különbségeivel magyarázhatók. A cikk feltárja, hogy a számviteli szabályozásnak milyen szintjeit lehet megkülönböztetni, és vizsgálja, hogy milyen tényezők vezettek el oda, hogy az egyes megközelítések akár markánsan eltérő megoldásokat kínálnak egy-egy adott vagyoni elem megjelenítésére és értékelésére, illetve egy tranzakció megjelenítésére. A cikk az egyes eltéréseket indukáló tényezők rendszerezése útján megkísérel deduktív úton becslést adni a számviteli harmonizáció további lehetséges irányaira. ____ Differences among the accounting regulations may lead to material dissimilarities in the financial statements prepared for the same entity and same financial year. These material differences are sometimes hard to explain, given that they shall be based on the same transactions. The differences are explained by the differences in the regulations. The paper explains the possible levels of accounting by-laws and examines – based on the relevant literature – the factors that led to different solutions for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of the same items or transactions. By structuring these factors the article tries to give possible future advances in the harmonization of such systems using a deductive approach.
A controlling szervezeti jelentősége a magyar vállalatoknál – Befolyásoló tényezők és időbeli változások kvantitatív elemzése
Authors: Szukits Ágnes
Published: January 2021

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy a vállalatok első számú vezetőinek véleménye alapján vizsgálja, azonosítsa és mérje a controlling jelentőségét befolyásoló tényezőket. Az elemzés a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Versenyképesség Kutató Központja által készített felmérések adatait használja. Míg a controllerek megkérdezésén alapuló felmérések a controlleri szerep jelentőségének növekedéséről számolnak be, jelen kutatás rávilágít arra, hogy a magyar felső vezetők a controlling szervezeti súlyát inkább stagnálónak ítélik meg az összvállalati sikeres működés szempontjából. A controlling adott vállalatban betöltött jelentőségét három tényező, a környezeti bizonytalanság, a bizonytalanságra történő stratégiai reagálás mértéke és a költségnyomás befolyásolja. Az előzetes várakozásokkal ellentétben azonban e három magyarázó faktor közül a költségnyomás befolyásoló szerepe a legkisebb, s a vállalati stratégiai magatartásának reaktív vagy proaktív volta a leginkább meghatározó. A tanulmány kiindulópontként szolgálhat a controlling szervezeti szerepét a vállalati teljesítménnyel összefüggésben vizsgáló további kutatásokhoz.
Külső HR-szolgáltatók összehasonlító vizsgálata a világ régiójában, közép-kelet-európai sajátosságokat keresve, két Cranet-felmérés alapján
Authors: Poór József , Kovács Ildikó Éva , Mártonné Karoliny , Milovecz Ágnes
Published: January 2021

A HR területén a cégek és más szervezetek növekvő számban alkalmaznak külső szolgáltatókat, tanácsadókat. A közel százéves tanácsadás más területeihez képest viszonylag későn alakult ki a HR-tanácsadás hazánkban és a kelet-európai régióban. A jelen tanulmányban a szerzők azt vizsgálják, hogy a Cranet nemzetközi HR-adatbázis két legutóbbi felmérése (2004–2005 és 2008–2010) tükrében milyen hasonló és eltérő trendek figyelhetők meg a világ különböző régiói között.
SEX EDUCATION AS A FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIAN FAITH
TO THE HOLY DOCTRINES
Authors: ming davidming
Published: January 2021

Today's world continues to change, including the way people perceive sex problems. Some of the problems that arise are: What is meant by education? Sex in a world of sin? How is the Relationship of Sex Education as a Foundation of Christian Faith to the Doctrine of Holiness according to Reformed? The answer: (1) The Bible's view of sex education is God's work on humans since creation. (2) Sex is something sacred as God instituted marriage for the first time in Eden. (3) Sex education can be related to the doctrine of holiness as the foundation of Christian faith as follows: First, it is necessary to develop holiness education in schools, seminars and in churches in order to clarify the position of sexual sinfulness committed outside of marriage. Second, God-centered holiness becomes dependent only on God and not on humans. Third, the holiness modeled by Jesus becomes a figure that everyone can imitate so that everyone has a calling to live.

Keyword

s: Sex education, sinfulness, holiness, reformed doctorate
International Trends in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma Incidence
Authors: Rumgay Harriet , Arnold Melina , Laversanne Mathieu , Whiteman David C. , Thrift Aaron P. , Wei Wenqiang , Lemmens Valery E. P. P. , Soerjomataram Isabelle
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

METHODS:

We estimated average annual percent change and analyzed age-period-cohort trends on population-based cancer data.

RESULTS:

We found decreases in squamous cell carcinoma incidence in half of male populations (largest decrease in US black males [average annual percent change −7.6]) and increases in adenocarcinoma incidence in nearly a third of populations. Trends may be associated with a mix of birth cohort and period effects.

DISCUSSION:

More complete data and evidence are needed to conclude the reasons for the observed trends (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 4, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B823).
Successful Treatment of Refractory Autoimmune Enteropathy With Ustekinumab
Authors: Scheid Johannes F. , Misdraji Joseph , Nath Barbara J. , Yarze Joseph C.
Published: January 2021

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare autoimmune disorder that has been described both in pediatric and adult patients and usually causes intractable watery diarrhea. The management of AIE is not standardized because the disease shows variable response to different immunosuppressive regimens including corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, tacrolimus, cyclosporine-A, infliximab, vedolizumab, and abatacept. We present a patient with adult-onset AIE and intractable high-volume diarrhea resulting in numerous hospitalizations and temporary parenteral nutrition, who is now successfully maintained on ustekinumab. Therefore, ustekinumab should be considered for further evaluation as a therapeutic option in cases of refractory AIE.
Cholestatic Hepatitis in Graves' Disease: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Haddaden Metri , Hanna Angy , Odish Fadi , Husami Samir , Imam Zaid , Tahhan Mamon
Published: January 2021

Cholestatic hepatitis is a rare presentation of thyrotoxicosis potentially confused as an adverse effect of antithyroid therapy. We report a 37-year-old man with cholestatic hepatitis as an initial presentation of Graves' disease. Diagnostic evaluation demonstrated (i) elevated transaminases and alkaline phosphatase (R-factor value: 2.6), and marked cholestasis (total bilirubin: 17.3 mg/dL, direct bilirubin: 9.4 mg/dL); (ii) negative hepatitis, viral, and autoimmune serologies; (iii) normal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; (iv) liver biopsy with marked cholestasis and no fibrosis; (v) thyroid-stimulating hormone <0.01, fT4 (free thyroxine): 1.5, fT4 (free triiodothyronine): 4.3 and positive thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. Radioiodine uptake scan confirmed Graves' disease. Clinical resolution was achieved with propranolol, prednisone, methimazole, and thyroidectomy.
Effect of a Best Practice Alert on Birth-Cohort Screening for Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Khan Mohammad Qasim , Belopolsky Yuliya , Gampa Anuhya , Greenberg Ian , Beig Muhammad Imran , Imas Polina , Sonnenberg Amnon , Fimmel Claus J.
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

We assessed the influence of a best practice alert (BPA) embedded within the electronic medical record on improving hepatitis C virus (HCV) birth-cohort screening by primary care physicians (PCPs).

METHODS:

Screening by 155 PCPs was monitored during 2 consecutive 9-month periods before and after implementation of the BPA. All tests were reviewed to differentiate true screening from other testing indications.

RESULTS:

Of 155 PCPs, 131 placed screening orders before and after BPA. Twenty-two PCPs started testing after BPA (P = 0.02). The number of tests placed and screening rates per PCP increased from 16 to 84 and from 3.3% to 13.2%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Before BPA, most PCPs rarely ordered screening HCV tests, whereas a small group of physicians generated most tests, indicative of an underlying power-law distribution. After the BPA, a new group of high-performing PCPs emerged, whose screening patterns were again characterized by a power-law distribution. However, pre-BPA test rates of individual PCPs were not predictive of their post-BPA rates. Overall, the introduction of the BPA narrowed the gap between low- and high-performing testers, indicating that modest increases in testing by a large number of low-performing PCPs could drive substantial improvement in program implementation.

DISCUSSION:

HCV birth-cohort screening by PCPs was shaped by an underlying power-law distribution. This distribution was preserved after the implementation of a BPA, although pre-BPA test rates were not predictive of post-BPA rates. Increases in test rates by high- and low-performing PCPs both contributed to the overall success of the BPA.
PREMATURE INFANT BLOOD VESSEL SEGMENTATION OF RETINAL IMAGES BASED ON HYBRID METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TORTUOSITY
Authors: Krestanova Alice , Kubicek Jan , Penhaker Marek , Timkovic Juraj
Published: January 2021

For the retinal blood vessels segmentation, we used a method, which is based on the morphological operations. The output of this process is extracted retinal binary image, where is situated main blood vessels. In this paper is used dataset of images (2800 images) from device RetCam3. Before applying the image processing, it was selected 30 images with diagnosed pre-plus diseases, and it is divided into two groups with low contrast and good contrast images. In the next part of the analysis, it was analyzing and showing blood vessels with tortuosity. Tortuosity is a symptom of ROP (retinopathy of prematurity). The clinical physicians evaluate tortuosity by visual comparison of the retinal images images. For this reason, it was suggested model which can automatically indicate the tortuosity of the retinal blood vessels by setting a threshold of the blood vessels curvature.
Notes for an Archaeology of Discarded Drug Paraphernalia
Authors: Moshenska Gabriel , Shelly Shaun
Published: January 2021

This article explores the values and challenges of an archaeological approach to illicit drug use, based on the study of discarded drug paraphernalia. It builds upon recent archaeological studies of homeless people, refugees and other marginalised communities that have used participative methods to challenge societal stigma and erasure. Following a critique of previous archaeological studies of drug use, the core of the article is a detailed analysis of an assemblage of drug paraphernalia in Oxford, UK. In interpreting this assemblage and its material and emotional contexts we draw on our respective contemporary archaeological and drug user activist experience and expertise. By providing a critical overview of previous studies and a detailed case study, this article aims to provide a practical and conceptual foundation for future archaeological studies of illicit drug use.
(Współ)myślenie w humanistyce. Literackie ekokształcenie w epoce antropocenu
Authors: Ochwat Magdalena
Published: January 2021

W związku z dokonującym się zwrotem ku Ziemi w nauce i edukacji, trwającymi Klimatycznymi Strajkami Młodzieżowymi, a przede wszystkim fatalnymi prognozami dotyczącymi przyszłości, artykuł jest próbą wprowadzenia do praktyki szkolnej transdyscyplinowego nurtu – humanistyki ekologicznej. Autorka zaaplikowała do edukacji polonistycznej nowe treści, dzięki którym uczeń może podjąć głęboki namysł nad odpowiedzialnością za Ziemię. Próbując odpowiedzieć na ekologiczne wyzwanie, autorka zrekontekstualizowała również szkolne lektury dawne, zwracając uwagę na nowe relacje człowieka ze środowiskiem. Podstawę zmian mentalnościowo-edukacyjnych stanowi zaprojektowane i opisane seminarium licencjackie, włączające studentów polonistyki w odpowiedzialne ekokształcenie.
Szkoła na miarę czasów… tylko których? – o reformie szkolnictwa z 2017 roku
Authors: Błaszczyk Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie reformy szkolnictwa z 2017 roku pod kątem jej przystawalności do potrzeb współczesnego ucznia. W celu nakreślenia trudności,  z jakimi zmaga się sektor edukacji, wykorzystano raport z ostatniej edycji badania PISA oraz wyniki własnej próby badawczej. Przytoczone dane prezentują spojrzenie uczniów na funkcjonowanie ich szkół oraz podstawę programową z języka polskiego. Tekst zawiera również zestawienie charakterystycznych elementów poprzednich reform (przede wszystkim reformy Jędrzejewiczowskiej). Przegląd ten umożliwia ocenę poziomu nowatorstwa ostatnich zmian oraz zasadności powielania wcześniejszych rozwiązań, a analiza obecnej podstawy programowej staje się punktem wyjścia do nakreślenia bieżącego kierunku polityki oświatowej. To w dalszej kolejności pozwala oszacować, jak bardzo propozycje reformatorów są w stanie zahamować aktualne problemy, w jakim stopniu zaś mogą stać się źródłem kolejnych.
First report of Cystoseira aurantia Kützing from the Mediterranean coast of Morocco
Authors: Ramdani Mohamed , Oufekkir Moulay Brahim , El Asri Ouahid , El Khiati Najat , Ramdani Mohammed , Denis Françoise , Flower Roger J.
Published: January 2021

Algal diversity in aquatic environments can help assess the health status of ecosystems, provide information about invasions of new species and inform species diversity changes according to environmental conditions. An algal diversity survey (2016–19) of Nador Lagoon (northern Morocco) revealed the presence for the first time of the brown alga Cystoseira aurantia. Since 2015 this alga has been found in high abundance in the northwestern part of the lagoon, mainly around Attalayoun and Nador City. The thalli of larger specimens reached 60 cm in length, and all plants present were free-floating. The species was collected from the water surface to depths not exceeding 2 cm. Floating patches were usually found suspended above sandy and muddy substrates. Increased abundance of this species in the lagoon corresponds with new physico-chemical conditions and ecological parameters, principally resulting from increased water ventilation and improved water quality since 2012. The new communities of C. aurantia may offer a novel resource for the lagoon but high abundance could pose future threats to attached vegetation such as seagrasses and benthic algae by shading and the accumulation of organic detritus. Attention is drawn to taxonomic issues involving C. aurantia.
Evaluation of the 0 h/1 h high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T algorithm in diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Han population
Authors: Dongxu Chen , Yannan Zhou , Yilin Yang , Chenling Yao , Guorong Gu , Kouqiong Wang , Wei Guo , Dongwei Shi , Zhenju Song , Chaoyang Tong
Published: January 2021

Objectives

A rapid 0 h/1 h algorithm using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) for rule-out and rule-in of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology. We aim to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of the algorithm in Chinese Han patients with suspected NSTEMI.

Methods

In this prospective diagnostic cohort study, 577 patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected NSTEMI and recent (<12 h) onset of symptoms were enrolled. The levels of serum hs-cTnT were measured on admission, 1 h later and 4–14 h later. All patients underwent the initial clinical assessment and were triaged into three groups (rule-out, rule-in and observe) according to the 0 h/1 h algorithm. The major cardiovascular events (MACE) were evaluated at the 7-day and 30-day follow-ups.

Results

Among 577 enrolled patients, NSTEMI was the final diagnosis for 106 (18.4%) patients. Based on the hs-cTnT 0 h/1 h algorithm, 148 patients (25.6%) were classified as rule-out, 278 patients (48.2%) as rule-in and 151 patients (26.2%) were assigned to the observe group. The rule-out approach resulted in a sensitivity of 100% and negative predictive value of 100%. The rule-in approach resulted in a specificity of 62.9% [95% CI (58.5–67.2%)] and positive predictive value of 37.1% [95%CI (31.3–42.8%)]. No MACE was observed in the rule-out group within 30-day follow-up.

Conclusions

The hs-cTnT 0 h/1 h algorithm is a safe tool for early rule-out of NSTEMI, while probably not an effective strategy for accurate rule-in of NSTEMI in Chinese Han population.
Subgroups of elliptic elements of the Cremona group
Authors: Urech Christian
Published: January 2021

The Cremona group is the group of birational transformations of the complex projective plane. In this paper we classify its subgroups that consist only of elliptic elements using elementary model theory. This yields in particular a description of the structure of torsion subgroups. As an application, we prove the Tits alternative for arbitrary subgroups of the Cremona group, generalizing a result of Cantat. We also describe solvable subgroups of the Cremona group and their derived length, refining results from Déserti.
Recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20-mediated dermal spreading activity in mice is not altered by steroids, antihistamines, or salicylic acid
Authors: Cowell Jessica A. , Printz Marie A. , Thompson Curtis B.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Drug–drug interaction studies for hyaluronidase safety assessments have evaluated only animal-derived enzyme preparations. We therefore set out to evaluate whether high-dose administration of two antihistamines, a potent corticosteroid, steroid hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or salicylic acid would alter the dispersive activity of recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20).

Methods

NCr nu/nu mice were pretreated with diphenhydramine, cetirizine, dexamethasone, estrogen, ACTH, salicylic acid, and/or neutral-buffered saline (NBS). An hour following final pretreatment, dosed mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine and placed in an imaging chamber. A 120 mg/mL immunoglobulin G (IgG) solution with 0.3 μg/mL IgGDL755 (labeled IgG) was injected intradermally, with/without 2,000 U/mL rHuPH20. Fluorescent images of labeled IgG dispersion were acquired ≤20 min post injection.

Results

Dispersion of high-concentration labeled IgG combined with rHuPH20 was greater at all time points vs. antibody alone. At 20 min post injection (last time point), the antibody dispersion area was significantly increased with rHuPH20 vs. without rHuPH20 (p≤0.005). The relative percent increase in antibody dispersion with rHuPH20 ranged from 22.8‒106.6% over the 20-min time course, compared with the corresponding non-rHuPH20 treated groups. The area of labeled IgG dispersion was statistically similar between rHuPH20 groups pretreated with an active compound and their paired NBS pretreated controls.

Conclusions

The addition of 2,000 U/mL rHuPH20 to a high-concentration antibody solution reproducibly incre-ased local antibody dispersion. Systemic pretreatment with diphenhydramine, cetirizine, dexamethasone, estrogen, ACTH, or salicylic acid did not affect the enzymatic spreading activity of rHuPH20, as measured by intradermal dispersion of labeled IgG in mice.
Spinal and cerebral hematoma in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: is drug interaction the culprit?
Authors: Duran Emine , Bilgin Emre , Bölek Ertuğrul Çağrı , Fırat Oğuzhan , Bulut Elif , Kalyoncu Umut , Kiraz Sedat , Karadağ Ömer
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Thrombotic events are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Warfarin is the most commonly used anticoagulant drug for thrombosis treatment, but it is can interact with many drugs, foods, or medicinal herbs. Herein, we presented a case with SLE and APS who was complicated by spinal and cerebral hematoma as a result of warfarin interaction.

Case presentation

Spinal subdural hematoma and frontal intraparenchymal hematoma were occurred in our patient, who was in remission for 2 years with rituximab, hydroxychloroquine and warfarin. We learned that she had been using some herbal products (shepherd’s purse and horsetail) and phenyramidol for a few days. Spinal and cerebral hematomas caused by the interaction of phenyramidol and warfarin were treated with fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K without the need for surgery.

Conclusions

The drug interactions with warfarin can cause fatal hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. Especially, the patients with SLE and/or APS using warfarin should be warned not to use different medications or herbal agents.
The effect of Nigella sativa on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Malekian Sanaz , Ghassab-Abdollahi Nafiseh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The present systematic review of literature was conducted to study the effect of Nigella sativa (N.S) on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.

Content

Different online databases such as Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, and Clininaltrial.gov for English articles and national databases of SID, Magiran, Irandoc, and Iranmedex for Persian articles, which were published until March; 2019 were scrutinized. All Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies that aimed to compare the impact of N.S along, with placebo or without supplementation, on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress were entered in the present study.

Finally, 11 RCTs covering 710 women and men, in total, were participated in the present meta-analysis. Significant differences were observed in Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) =−2.15 pg/mL, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =−3.22–−1.09, I2=32%; 5 trials with 262 participants) superoxide dismutase (WMD=63.79 µ/gHb, 95% CI=6.84–120.75, I2=0%; 2 trials, with 88 participants), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD=0.34 mmol/L, 95% CI=0.04 to 0.63, I2=94%; 5 trials with 232 participants). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (WMD=−0.98 mg/L, 95% CI=−1.98–0.03, I2=78%; 5 trials with 267 participants), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD=−0.25 pg/mL, 95% CI=−0.65 to 0.16, I2=0%; 2 trials with 134 participants), and malondialdehyde (WMD=−0.95 nmol/mL, 95% CI=−1.97–0.08, I2=68%; 4 trials with 179 participants).

Outlook

Generally speaking, N.S probably results in the improvement of superoxide dismutase serum levels, TNF-α, and total antioxidant capacity. Thus, further studies are required to fully assess its impacts on all oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.