bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diklusive Schulentwicklung
Authors: Schulz Lea
Published: February 2021

Der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Diskurs zur Schulentwicklung fokussiert vorrangig die Entwicklung von digitalen Ansätzen zum Lehren und Lernen. Im Kontext heterogener Lerngruppen und der gesellschaftlichen Verpflichtung inklusiver Lernangebote stellt sich eine parallele Entwicklung eines digitalen und inklusiven Ansatzes in der schulischen Praxis als ein umfassender innovativer Impuls dar. Aus den beiden Bereichen heraus entstehen einerseits Synergieeffekte und andererseits führen sie zur Partizipation aller Schülerinnen und Schüler an der digitalen Gesellschaft. In Schleswig-Holstein wurde dafür eine Multiplikatorinnen- und Multiplikatorenausbildung etabliert, die diklusive (digital-inklusive) Vorgehensweisen initiiert und langfristig in inklusiven Settings an Schulen verbreitet. In der Konklusion der Anforderungen aus medienpädagogischer sowie inklusiver Perspektive an einen zeitgemässen Unterricht lässt sich das Modell für diklusive Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften abbilden.
Reclaimed wastewater as an ally to global freshwater sources: a PESTEL evaluation of the barriers
Authors: Gul S. , Gani K. M. , Govender I. , Bux F.
Published: February 2021

Together with climate change, rising living standards throughout the world have put pressure on existing freshwater sources and increased global water scarcity. The reclaimed wastewater projects face obstacles in sustainable implementation. This paper reviews Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) factors that act as barriers to the successful implementation of the reclaimed wastewater. Owing to COVID-19, pandemic and presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater, future consequences on operations and public acceptance of reclaimed wastewater systems are discussed. This review will be useful for water experts, researchers and project planners for appropriate measures in future wastewater reuse projects.
Determination of variation uncertainty in runoff time series at multi-temporal scales
Authors: Ye Yan , Zhang Jinping , Long Xunjian , Ma Lihua , Ye Yong
Published: February 2021

In order to survey the possible periodic, uncertainty and common features in runoff with multi-temporal scales, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method combined with the set pair analysis (SPA) method was applied, with data observed at Zhangjiashan hydrological station. The results showed that the flood season and annual runoff time series consisted of four intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, and the non-flood season time series exhibited three IMF components. Moreover, based on the different coupled set pairs from the time series, the identity, discrepancy, and contrary of different periods at multi-temporal scales were determined by the SPA method. The degree of connection μ between the flood season and annual runoff periods were the highest, with 0.94, 0.77, 0.7 and 0.73, respectively, and the μ between the flood periods and the non-flood periods were the lowest, with 0.66, 0.46, 0.24 and 0.24, respectively. Third, the maximum μ of each SPA appeared in the first mode function. In general, the different extractive periods decomposed by the EMD method reflected the average state of Jinghe River. Results also verified that runoff suffered from seasonal and periodic fluctuations, and fluctuations in the short-term corresponded to the most important variable. Therefore, the conclusions drawn in this study can improve water resources regulation and planning.
A method for classifying interrelation between sectoral regulatory laws and the ‘water-energy-agriculture nexus concept’ in Brazil
Authors: Torres Cássia Juliana Fernandes , de Lima Camilla Hellen Peixoto , Fontes Andrea Sousa , Ribeiro Daniel Veras , Moreira Ícaro Thiago Andrade , Medeiros Yvonilde Dantas Pinto
Published: February 2021

We propose a method to classify the level of interrelation between the water, energy and agriculture sectoral regulatory laws and selected main characteristics of the nexus concept. This method was created to be applied with sectoral regulatory laws so a study case was conducted in Brazil. The results show that all analysed legislations have low to medium interrelation with the criteria intrinsic to the nexus concept; the policies that stood out the most, regarding the number of criteria present in their scopes, were the national irrigation policy and the desertification policy; and in order to operationalize the nexus concept in management models in the Brazilian context, adjustments and a restructuring of regulatory laws are necessary. The proposed method was able to investigate the interrelation between regulatory legislations with the characteristics of the nexus concept as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
Simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 from simulated marine ship flue gas in a novel wet scrubbing system based on divided diaphragm seawater electrolysis technology: efficiency optimization and economic assessment
Authors: Gong Pijian , Li Xinxue
Published: February 2021

This work constructed a divided diaphragm seawater electrolysis system with two tandem packed towers for the synergistic removal of NOx and SO2. The first tower was mainly used to oxidize NO and SO2 by AC (active chlorine), and the second tower was used to further absorb NOx. The factors affecting on NO removal, including ACC (active chlorine concentration), pH value, initial NO concentration and temperature in the oxidation tower were investigated. Moreover, the effect of different inlet gas concentrations and current values were explored. The results showed that with the increase of ACC, the NO and NOx removal efficiency increased rapidly, but when the ACC was higher than 500 mg/L [Cl2], the removal efficiency did not increase further in the oxidation tower. Low pH values in the oxidation tower were favorable for NO removal. NO removal efficiency reached a maximum at 40 °C. Higher NO and SO2 concentrations were favorable for NO removal. The decline of pH in the anode cell was not conducive to the storage of AC in the continuous electrolysis removal process. NOx and SO2 were almost completely removed after being scrubbed in the oxidation and absorption towers. The relationship between current and removal efficiency of NO and SO2 in the oxidation tower was also analyzed. Finally, the removal mechanism and the application prospects were discussed.
Działalność publiczna Jana Magnusa Tęczyńskiego (1579-1637), wojewody krakowskiego, ostatniego w rodzie senatora
Authors: Pielas Jacek
Published: February 2021

Artykuł stanowi prezentację działalności publicznej Jana Magnusa Tęczyńskiego (1579-1637), wojewody krakowskiego, ostatniego senatora w rodzie Tęczyńskich. Dowiedziono, że po długim okresie nauki i podróży zagranicznej oraz służbie w wojsku cesarskim, od 1605 r. rozpoczął on aktywną działalność publiczną. W latach 1605-1620 pełnił urząd podczaszego królowej, a następnie dowodził wystawionymi na własny koszt oddziałami wojskowymi 1606-1611. W 1620 r. otrzymał urząd wojewody krakowskiego, który pozwalał mu na aktywną działalność w senacie. Ok. 1623 r. przeszedł w szeregi opozycji wobec króla. Był jednym z najważniejszych senatorów drugiej i trzeciej dekady XVII w. Posiadał wielki majątek ziemski, co pozwoliło mu dokonać kilka znaczących fundacji.
Infantile Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Maternal Psychological Status: A Narrative Review
Authors: Panza Raffaella , Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta , Di Mauro Antonio , Cervinara Alessandra , Capozza Manuela , Laforgia Nicola
Published: February 2021

Background:

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are often extremely distressing for
the infant and parents, leading to infant discomfort and crying, parental anxiety, repeated healthcare
consultations, and escalating healthcare costs.

Aim:

In this narrative review we analyzed the relationship between maternal psychological status during pregnancy and postpartum and the main infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Materials and Methods:

The narrative review was conducted searching scientific databases for articles
reporting on infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders in association with maternal depressive
or anxiety disorders.

Results:

Seven studies were suitable.

Discussion:

Maternal psychological disorders may be correlated to infantile functional gastrointestinal
disorders. Whether it is the excessive crying that favors the onset of maternal psychological
disorders or, in contrast, an altered attachment style due to the maternal status that facilitates the
onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders in the infant is still an open question. Recent findings
revealed that both anxious and depressed mothers are more likely to have an adverse gut microbiome.

Conclusions:

A healthy interaction of the mother-baby dyad is advantageous in ensuring the mental
and physical development of the offspring. Gynecologists, general practitioners and pediatricians
should be alert for early identification of mothers at risk with the aim to initiate timely targeted interventions.
Further research on the role of microbiota and the possible therapeutic approaches with
probiotics is required.
Sarcoidosis and Sarcoid Reactions in Endometrial Cancer Cases Masquerading
Advanced Stage Malignancy
Authors: Akis Serkan , Kabaca Canan , Keles Esra , Cetiner Handan , Akay Hatice
Published: February 2021

Background:

Sarcoidosis is usually diagnosed by ruling out other granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Rarely,
it may be suspected with a pathological examination after surgical intervention for another disease. The sarcoid
reaction is noninfectious granulomatous lymphadenitis which can occur at nodes draining a neoplasm. We
demonstrated granulomatous lesions masquerading metastasis by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed
Tomography (PET/CT) in endometrial cancer. We presented two cases of endometrial cancer with sarcoidosis and
sarcoid-like reactions because of their challenging clinical and radiological findings.

Cases:

In case 1, there was diffuse granulomatous inflammation (no metastasis) in lymph nodes (n=92) and giant
cells containing calcifications (Schaumann bodies). In case 2, PET/CT revealed hypermetabolism with malignancy
suspicion in the pelvic lymph nodes (maximum standardized uptake value= 13) and pathological evaluation
reported a 4.5 cm tumor within the uterine cavity without any nodal metastasis.

Results:

PET/CT has no role in the evaluation of differential diagnosis between granulomatous lymphadenitis and
metastatic disease.

Conclusions:

Granulomatous lesions might mimic the metastasis of coexisting malignant diseases.
Preclinical Studies and Clinical Trials with Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Demyelinating Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Esmaeilizade Zahra , Mohammadi Bahar , Omrani Mir Davood , Ghaderian Sayyed Mohammad Hossein , Rajabibazl Masoumeh , Fazeli Zahra
Published: February 2021

Aim:

Different studies have been performed to investigate stem cell administration as a
promising tool for recovery of injured tissue in multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common demyelinating
disease.

Methods:

In the present systematic review, the electronic databases of PubMed and ScienceDirect
were searched to screen English language studies published until April 2020.

Results:

The results obtained from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animals revealed
that modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation was associated with remyelination,
inflammation suppression and oligodendrocyte precursor cells regeneration. Clinical trials
indicated that 70% of the patients with MS showed disease stabilization following MSCs administration.

Conclusion:

Although MSC therapy has showed to be effective in the improvement of some patients
with MS, designing larger placebo-controlled clinical trials with MSCs expressing immune-
regulators or MSCs-exosomes may provide a novel viewpoint in the treatment of MS.
Investigation of Precision Finishing of Helical Gears Using Newly Developed Silicon Carbide Mixed Styrene Butadiene Media and Abrasive Flow Finishing Process
Authors: Ansari Irfan A. , Sharma Dipti , Kar Kamal K. , Ramkumar Janakarajan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Ultraprecise nano-level surface finish is required in those machine components,
which have relative motion among them. Especially in gears that are subjected to heavy
wear due to sliding motion, surface finish is one of the critical parameters, which leads to its noisefree
operation, efficient power transmission, and longer service life. However, most of the gear
manufacturing processes do not produce nano finished gear surface. Therefore, gears need post-processing
to finish their surface.

Objective:

The present study aims to improve the surface finish of helical gears of different helix
angles with the help of abrasive flow finishing (AFF) by experimentally identifying the optimum
range of processing parameters.

Methods:

An AFF set up was used for gear finishing using a medium of styrene-butadiene rubber
and silicon carbide abrasive. A special type of fixture was developed, which allows the back and
forth movement of AFF medium through the annular volume between the fixture and the gear, and
at the same time, firmly holds the gear.

Results:

The optimum combination of the extrusion pressure and abrasive weight percentage is 38
bar and 39.6% that produces the best results with around 75 and 69% improvement in Ra for gear
of helix angle 30 and 45°, respectively.

Conclusion:

Among all studied processing parameters, extrusion pressure and abrasive % were
found to be the most influential parameters. The inclination angle between the incoming flow
stream of medium and workpiece surface strongly influences the surface finish. This is due to the
change in forces acting during finishing with the inclination angle. The helical gear of a smaller helix
angle of 30° shows a better surface finish of 110 nm than 124 nm in a helix angle of 45°.
Artificial Intelligence–Aided Precision Medicine for COVID-19: Strategic Areas of Research and Development
Authors: Santus Enrico , Marino Nicola , Cirillo Davide , Chersoni Emmanuele , Montagud Arnau , Santuccione Chadha Antonella , Valencia Alfonso , Hughes Kevin , Lindvall Charlotta
Published: February 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can play a key role in preventing, detecting, and monitoring epidemics. In this paper, we provide an overview of the recently published literature on the COVID-19 pandemic in four strategic areas: (1) triage, diagnosis, and risk prediction; (2) drug repurposing and development; (3) pharmacogenomics and vaccines; and (4) mining of the medical literature. We highlight how AI-powered health care can enable public health systems to efficiently handle future outbreaks and improve patient outcomes.
Resource Modification On Multicore Server With Kernel Bypass
Authors: Priambodo Dimas Febriyan , Ashari Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Technology develops very fast marked by many innovations both from hardware and software. Multicore servers with a growing number of cores require efficient software. Kernel and Hardware used to handle various operational needs have some limitations. This limitation is due to the high level of complexity especially in handling as a server such as single socket discriptor, single IRQ and lack of pooling so that it requires some modifications. The Kernel Bypass is one of the methods to overcome the deficiencies of the kernel. Modifications on this server are a combination increase throughput and decrease server latency. Modifications at the driver level with hashing rx signal and multiple receives modification with multiple ip receivers, multiple thread receivers and multiple port listener used to increase throughput. Modifications using pooling principles at either the kernel level or the program level are used to decrease the latency. This combination of modifications makes the server more reliable with an average throughput increase of 250.44% and a decrease in latency 65.83%.
Effect of Sentence Length in Sentiment Analysis Using Support Vector Machine and Convolutional Neural Network Method
Authors: Pambudi Agung , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: February 2021

Based on Article 10 paragraph 1 of Law No. 14 of 2005, a teacher must have four competencies: pedagogical, personality, social, and professional. ICT training at Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University involves instructors as educators who must have such competencies. An instructor's performance is assessed through students' learning evaluation system by giving comments to the instructions. These comments contain positive and negative sentiments that can be reviewed by conducting sentiment analysis. Research related to sentiment analysis in recent years has been widely done, but researchers rarely pay attention to the effect of sentence length from the dataset on the method's performance. This study tried to analyze sentiment related to sentence length effect on ICT training student comments using Support Vector Machine and Convolutional Neural Network methods. This study concluded that the sentence length on the dataset would affect the SVM and CNN methods' performance when combined with Word2vec. While the SVM+TFIDF method performance is not affected by sentence length, this method has the fastest process time than other methods. The CNN+Word2vec method produced the best performance in this study with a value of 0.94% accuracy, 0.95% precision, 0.96% recall, and 0.95% f1-score.
Detection of Cataract Based on Image Features Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Weni Indra , Utomo Pradita Eko Prasetyo , Hutabarat Benedika Ferdian , Alfalah Muksin
Published: February 2021

Cataract are the highest cause of blindness that there are 32.4 million people experiencing blindness and as many as 191 million people experiencing visual disabilities in 2010 in the world. On the other hand, the longer a patient suffers from cataracts or late treatment. The development of cataract identification using a traditional algorithm based on feature representation is highly dependent on the classification process carried out by an eye specialist so that the method is prone to misclassification of a person detected or not. However, at this time there is a deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN) which is used for pattern recognition which can help automate image classification. This research was conducted to increase the accuracy value and minimize data loss in the process of cataract identification by performing an experience namely the manipulation process was carried out by changing epochs. The results of this study indicate that the addition of epochs affects accuracy and loss data from CNN. By comparing variety of epoch values it can be ignored that the higher the age values used, the higher the value of the model. In this study, using the epoch 50 value reached the highest value with a value of 95%. Based on the model that has been made it has also been successful to receive images according to the specified class. After testing accurately, 10 images achieved an average accuracy of 88%.
Analisis Hubungan Kecepatan Gelombang Dengan Kuat Tekan Beton Menggunakan Metode UPV
Authors: Rizkiasari Anggia Eta , Rouf Abdul
Published: February 2021

Until now the use of concrete as a building material is still widely used for building structures. It is important to do concrete compressive strength testing as one of the factors to know the quality of a concrete. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) is a method of solid quality testing without damaging the object. Testing with the NDT method is considered more efficient than the destructive test method. One method for performing NDT testing is by utilizing UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity).UPV is a method for estimating concrete compressive strength based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity relationship through concrete with the concrete compressive strength itself. UPV testing works by emitting ultrasonic pulses of 40 kHz through concrete to obtain the travel time of the pulse. Then the resulting time will be calculated the value of its speed and then will be converted into concrete compressive strength.Concrete compressive strength measurement system for high-quality concrete using UPV method can be designed by utilizing relation between ultrasonic pulse velocity with concrete compressive strength. Based on the test results, the average error value of concrete compressive strength testing is 3.04% with a maximum error of 6.63%.
Pengembangan True Random Number Generator berbasis Citra menggunakan Algoritme Kaotis
Authors: Risdianto Dian Arief , Prastowo Bambang Nurcahyo
Published: February 2021

The security of most cryptographic systems depends on key generation using a nondeterministic RNG. PRNG generates a random numbers with repeatable patterns over a period of time and can be predicted if the initial conditions and algorithms are known. TRNG extracts entropy from physical sources to generate random numbers. However, most of these systems have relatively high cost, complexity, and difficulty levels. If the camera is directed to a random scene, the resulting random number can be assumed to be random. However, the weakness of a digital camera as a source of random numbers lies in the resulting refractive pattern. The raw data without further processing can have a fixed noise pattern. By applying digital image processing and chaotic algorithms, digital cameras can be used to generate true random numbers. In this research, for preprocessing image data used method of floyd-steinberg algorithm. To solve the problem of several consecutive black or white pixels appearing in the processed image area, the arnold-cat map algorithm is used while the XOR operation is used to combine the data and generate the true random number. NIST statistical tests, scatter and histrogram analyzes show the use of this method can produce truly random numbers
Screen Printed-Carbon Electrode Modifikasi Bismut untuk Analisis Kadmium dengan Voltametri Siklik
Authors: Novianti Novianti , Manurung R V , Arifin Arifin
Published: February 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has high toxicity. Cadmium levels need to be considered in an environment that can accumulate and can poison all biotic components. In this research measurements of cadmium metal using bismuth-modified carbon screen electrode  used cyclic voltammetry method. The parameters considered are the resolution of the comparative electrodes and the voltage produced from variations in cadmium concentration. The test results prove the stability of three sensors each at a voltage of 3.3 - 4.6 mV, 9.3-11.4 mV, and 27.4 - 29.8 mV. While the results of the cyclic voltammetry characterization test vary depending on the concentration of cadmium. Concentrations of 0.5-100 ng / mL produce an oxidation peak at a current of 2.03 x 10-5 - 5.00 x 10-5 A. These results show a directly proportional relationship between the cadmium concentration and the resulting current.
Kontrol Tegangan Self-Excited Induction Generator dengan Electronic Load Controller Terkontrol PID-GA
Authors: Hakim Ermanu Azizul , Pandunengsih Rahayu , Suhardi Diding , Setyawan Novendra
Published: February 2021

Induction generator operation requires reactive power with external contactor. One of induction generator types, SEIG reactive power supplied by capacitor bank connected to generator terminal. SEIG is alternative energy conversion in small area or rural, SEIG has the main disadvantage of poor voltage regulation under various load conditions. ELC combine PID control which is optimized using Genetic Algorithm in order to maintain the stability of the voltage when the load varies. The result shows the SEIG system using ELC with PID-GA control worked to stable voltage in accordance with the standard with voltage tolerance of 10% when load change. The addition of GA to determine the value of the PID parameter where response system better with difference overshoot value start is 70.48%, when decrease load in 5 second by 44.3% and in the 10 second when increase load of 2 kW is 5.96% compared system with PID control without GA optimization.
Penerapan Algoritma Feature Selection Chi-Square (X2) Dalam Sistem Monitoring Tumbuh Kembang Balita
Authors: Zuhri Khozainuz , Fahurian Fatimah , Yuniarthe Yodhi
Published: February 2021

The healthy family program is a priority program of the ministry of health which in principle refers to the 5th nawacita program. In line with this program, the Lampung provincial government has launched development in the health sector in all cities or districts by allocating 11.52% of the special budget for the health sector. This is inseparable from the condition of health development, especially the city of Bandar Lampung, where the infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and maternal mortality rate are decreasing. One of the conditions of health development is the health service posts. Health service posts have limited medical personnel and health post data searches still use conventional models so that the results obtained are not optimal. Based on these descriptions, the authors propose to design a software engineering system in the field of medical health in the form of a toddler growth monitoring system with the concept of the Chi-Square or X2 feature selection algorithm. The results of this study are able to provide a web-based monitoring system model that can be accessed anywhere and anytime, able to provide a system model that can directly monitor the condition of toddler health growth and is able to provide a system model that can be used by health workers, both medical and midwives to monitor village health post points.
Effects of Pork Quality Types, Packaging, and Degree of Doneness on Trained Sensory and Instrumental Tenderness, Color, and Consumer Perception
Authors: Cassens Andrew M. , Ramanathan Ranjith , VanOverbeke Deborah L. , Mafi Gretchen G.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the palatability and retail display differences of 3 types of pork loins. Enhanced (n = 10), nonenhanced (n = 10), and high-quality (n = 10) pork loins were selected from a commercial food distribution company. Loins were cut into 2.54-cm-thick chops and randomly assigned to retail display, sensory, or Warner-Bratzler shear force analyses. For retail display, chops were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 packaging treatments: polyvinyl chloride overwrap, carbon monoxide-modified atmosphere packaging, and high-oxygen modified atmospheric packaging. Instrumental and visual color measurements were taken during 5 d of retail display. For trained sensory panel and Warner-Bratzler shear force analyses, chops were evaluated at 3 different degrees of doneness (63°C, 68°C, and 74°C). Consumer sensory panelists (N = 50) evaluated the overall liking, flavor, juiciness, and tenderness of chops cooked to 68°C. A treatment × packaging interaction (P < 0.05) occurred for L* and a* values. High-quality chops packaged in polyvinyl chloride overwrap were lighter in color (P < 0.05) compared with other treatment and packaging types. However, high- quality chops had lower (P < 0.05) a* values than other treatment and packaging types during retail display. Trained panelists reported no difference (P > 0.05) in tenderness for enhanced chops when cooked at 3 different degrees of doneness. Consumer panelists preferred the enhanced chops for overall liking, tenderness, and juiciness (P < 0.05) compared with high-quality and nonenhanced chops. The results suggest that enhanced, nonenhanced, and high-quality pork loins avail- able in the market vary in color and marbling. Both pork loin type and packaging can influence display color and palatability.
Bee flora diversity in different vegetation communities of Gesha-Sayilem forest in Kaffa Zone, south-western Ethiopia
Authors:   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research Center, Ethiopia, Bareke Tura , Addi Admassu ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Holeta Bee Research Center, Ethiopia
Published: February 2021

Tropical Afromontane forest has the potential for honey production. The main objective of the study was to identify major bee floras and its diversity in different vegetation communities of Gesha-Sayilem forest. Bee flora data were collected systematically from 90 plots with subplots for shrubs and herbaceous species. In addition, pollen traps having 16% pollen trapping efficiency were fitted at the entrance of beehives for pollen load collection. Shannon-Wiener diversity index; species richness and Shannon’s evenness were employed to determine diversity of bee flora. The result showed that 93 bee plant species belongings to 43 families were identified of which Asteraceae the most abundant family was followed by Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Acanthaceae and Rubiaceae. The analysis of bee forage diversity using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) found in 5 different plant communities showed that plant communities one, two, and three have the highest bee flora diversity 3.2, 3.2, and 3.5, respectively. The dominant bee plants in community one were (Ilex mitis and Syzygium guineens), community two (Pouteria adolfi-friederici and Schefflera abyssinica), Community three (Millettia ferruginea and Sapium ellipticum), community four (Hagenia abyssinica and Dombeya torrida), community five (Schefflera-volkensi and Maesa lanceolata). Sorensen similarity coefficient showed that communities 1, 2, 3, and 5 are more similar to each other while community four is less similar. On the other hand, the beta diversity for communities 1, 2, 3, and 5 were 0.25, 0.27, 0.39, and 0.28 respectively while community four has a higher beta diversity index (0.71) indicating low similarity with the rest of the plant communities. In conclusion community 1, 2 and 3 has a high diversity of bee flora and therefore, integration of these communities with beekeeping is recommended.
Awareness of the Vologda oblast population about hiv infection: the experience of sociological research
Authors: Korolenko A. V. , Gordievskaya A. N.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is the analysis of the awareness of the Vologda Oblast population about the ways of spreading HIV infection, its manifestations, methods of prevention and treatment, as well as attitudes towards HIV-positive people.

The study materials was the next stage of monitoring reproductive potential of the Vologda Oblast population conducted by FSBIS VolRC RAS in 2019.

The results of the survey showed that the awareness of the Vologda Oblast population on the problem of HIV infection is differentiated depending on its speciﬁc aspects. Residents of the region are most aware of the impact of HIV on the human body and its diagnosis, and the possibility of drug support for the life of patients. However, the population is less aware of the relationship between HIV and AIDS, the ways and biological environments of transmission, and the possibility of having a healthy child with an HIV-positive mother. Women, people aged 20 years and older, and residents from Vologda demonstrated the highest awareness of the main issues of HIV incidence (the nature of the disease, its impact on the body, ways and means of transmission). Men and young people aged 15–19 are less knowledgeable about all aspects, which makes it possible to classify these categories of the population as a «risk group» (i.e. potentially susceptible to HIV infection). In addition, among the residents of the region, social stigmatization of carriers of this disease is widespread, which is expressed in an unjustiﬁed fear of contracting HIV infection by household means (sharing dishes, treatment, visiting schools, kindergartens, buying food, etc.).

Conclusion. The problem of insufficient awareness of certain aspects of the disease and discrimination against HIV-positive people can be solved by expanding programs aimed at raising awareness of the region’s population on this issue.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and HIV-infection
Authors: Viktorova I. B. , Zimina V. N. , Kravchenko A. V.
Published: February 2021

The increasing life expectancy of HIV-infected persons due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with growing frequency of non-opportunistic respiratory diseases. This review of literature is devoted to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is known to be the most common chronic noninfectious lung condition in HIV-patients. The prevalence of COPD in the global population with HIV is high and is associated with HIV.

The article contains actual data on HIV/COPD comorbidity, presents current information on mechanism of COPD development in HIV-infection, factors contributing to the mutual inﬂuence and adverse course of comorbid conditions. The specialties of COPD treatment during ART and clinically signiﬁcant drug interactions between different COPD medications and some antiretrovirals are highlighted.

The socio-economic signiﬁcance of both HIV-infection and COPD argues wide informing of pulmonologists, therapists and infectious disease specialists about the course and treatment of COPD in persons with HIV-infection.
The representation and tenure of female principals in public enterprises in emerging markets: A protracted dearth?
Authors: Marenga Ralph
Published: February 2021

The reduced representation and tenure of women as public enterprise (PE) principals in Namibia as an emerging market and developing country are concerning (Mboti, 2014; Menges, 2020). The contributing factors are an element literature fails to address explicitly in the Namibian case. This paper, therefore, aims to consolidate evidence on whether the underrepresentation and limited tenures of female principals in Namibian PEs signal a protracted dearth of women in such positions. Methodically, a desk review is used to analyse the literature. Key findings of this paper identify the absence of top-down hands-on leadership; legal and policy implementation gaps; failure to declare gender diversity as imperative in the public sector; failure to focus on helping women gain broad line experience early on, among others, as contributing factors that have disadvantaged female principals in Namibian PEs. The challenges women face in being appointed or completing their tenure as PE principals over the years signal a protracted dearth of women in positions of PE principals in Namibia. Understanding these dynamics is relevant for enhancing Namibia’s policy efforts to curb the further proliferation of patriarchy as nuanced in the glass ceiling. This paper recommends the robust implementation of existing anti-patriarchy legislation.
Children and young adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 exhibit thrombotic coagulopathy
Authors: Mitchell William , Davila Jennifer , Keenan Janine , Jackson Jenai , Tal Adit , Morrone Kerry , Silver Ellen , O'Brien Sarah , Manwani Deepa
Published: February 2021

We report the clinical and laboratory coagulation characteristics of 27
pediatric and young adult patients (2 months to 21 years) treated for
symptomatic COVID-19 at a children’s hospital in the Bronx, New York
between March 1 and May 31, 2020. D-Dimer was > 0.5 ug/mL
(upper limit of normal) in 25 (93%) patients at admission; 11 (41%)
developed peak D-Dimer > 5 ug/mL during admission. Seven
(26%) patients developed venous thromboembolism: three with deep vein
thrombosis and four with pulmonary embolism. Requirement of increased
ventilatory support was a risk factor for thrombosis (p=0.006). Three of
eight (38%) patients on prophylactic anticoagulation developed
thrombosis, however no patients developed VTE on low molecular weight
heparin prophylaxis titrated to anti-Xa level. Manifestation of COVID-19
disease was severe or critical in 16 (59%) patients. Four (15%)
patients died of COVID-19 complications: all had
comorbidities. Elevated D-dimer and increased VTE rate were observed in
this young cohort, particularly in those with severe respiratory
complications suggesting thrombotic coagulopathy. More data is needed to
guide thromboprophylaxis in this age group.
An inventory of the foliar, soil, and dung arthropod communities in pastures of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Schmid Ryan , Welch Kelton , Lundgren Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Grassland systems constitute a significant portion of the land area in
the U.S., and as a result, harbor a significant amount of arthropod
diversity. During this time of biodiversity loss around the world,
bioinventories of ecologically important habitats serve as important
indicators for the effectiveness of conservation efforts. We conducted a
bioinventory of the foliar, soil, and dung arthropod communities in 10
cattle pastures located in the southeastern U.S. during the 2018 grazing
season. In sum, 126,251 specimens were collected. From the foliar
community, 13 arthropod orders were observed, with the greatest species
richness found in Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera. The soil-dwelling
arthropod community contained 18 orders. The three orders comprising the
highest species richness were Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera.
Lastly, 12 arthropod orders were collected from cattle dung, with the
greatest species richness found in Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera.
Herbivores were the most abundant functional guild found in the foliar
community, and predators were most abundant in the soil and dung
communities. While bioinventories demand considerable time, energy, and
resources to accomplish, the information from these inventories has many
uses for conservation efforts, land management recommendations, and the
direction of climate change science.
Relationship between impulse oscillometry system and conventional lung function test for diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans in children
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Kim Kyunghoon , Kim Seong koo , Lee Jae Wook , Yoon Jong-Seo , Chung Nack Gyun , Cho Bin
Published: February 2021

Background: Functional assessment of small airways in young children
with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is challenging due to their relative
inaccessibility and the generally poor lung function test performance of
these patients. We analyze the correlation between impulse oscillometry
(IOS), spirometry, and plethysmographic parameters in pediatric BO
patients. Methods: A total of 89 IOS assessments of pediatric BO
patients or children without lung disease were included, and the
relationship between pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and diagnostic
performance were analyzed. Results: R5, R5-20, X5, and AX were
statistically significantly worse in the BO group. In Spearman’s
correlation analysis, AX and R5 showed the strongest correlation with
conventional PFT parameters, and AX was the variable with the highest
relative correlation with FEV1, FEF25-75%, and both measures of
plethysmographic resistance. Receiver operating curve analysis
highlighted AX and Raw% pred as the most optimal parameters for BO
diagnostic performance with areas under curve of 0.811 and 0.827,
respectively. Conclusion: The AX and R5 parameters can be useful in
identifying the severity of airway obstruction in children with BO, and
IOS more generally can accurately detect pathological obliteration of
small airways in pediatric BO patients.
Retinal arterial pulsation as an indicator of raised intraocular pressure -- case report
Authors: Berrett George , Hogg Jeffry , Innes William
Published: February 2021

Ophthalmic emergencies may be complicated by occult but clinically
significant raised intraocular pressure (IOP). We present a case of
hypertensive uveitis accompanied by the finding of retinal arterial
pulsation, which when visualised by direct ophthalmoscopy allows the
generalist to identify significantly raised IOP requiring urgent
specialist evaluation.
Do the prepositions represent an autonomous lexical class?
Authors: Topolińska Zuzanna
Published: February 2021

The author supports the thesis that prepositions are an integral part of noun
phrases and as such function primarily as grammaticalised exponents of the
semantic category of ?space?, and - secondarily - of the semantic categories
of ?source? and ?goal? of an action.
Formal and semantic derivation of the Proto-Slavic verbal root *dvig- in the Macedonian language
Authors: Markoviḱ Marjan
Published: February 2021

The subject of analysis in this paper is the verbal root *dvig-, whose formal
and semantic development can be followed ever since the Proto-Slavic period.
The research is based on anthropocentric-spatial language theory, which
enables the analysis of how basic semantic component? embedded in some
verbal roots representing basic human positions, movements and activities
with hand, can be transferred and elevated by the evolving conceptualisation
(of the material and mental world). The author analyses the derivatives of
the Proto-Slavic verbal root *dvig- / *dig- with the embedded semantic
components ?human relocation in space? and ?relocation in space upwards?,
which during language evolution have been transferred into the mental
domain, preserving only the basic concept of ?relocation? and the broad
concept that ?upwards? refers to ?a higher level?, which is perceived as
?better, more desired? in the mental world. The author also analyses how
these formal verbal and nominal derivatives carry this semantic information
through language evolution, both in real and in mental world.
Pavle Solaric’s orthographic and grammatical principles and the beginning of Serbian language standardisation
Authors: Bjelakovic Isidora
Published: February 2021

In an attempt to relate Pavle Solaric, a somewhat marginalised and forgotten
figure in the history of the Serbian language standard, to an actual place,
this paper analyses the foundations of the language standard he established
in a wider cultural and philological context. It puts special emphasis on
his philological, grammatographic, and etymological principles, as well as
on his views about the structure and orthography of the future Serbian
language standard. Being a representative of the Enlightenment among Serbs,
with his remarkable erudition, wide range of interests, confidence and
philological precision, inspired primarily by Dositej Obradovic?s tenets of
the standardised Serbian language, Pavle Solaric established a model basis
for the future reformative interventions. Therefore, he should undoubtedly
be considered one of the first in a long line of scholars whose ideas
contributed to the eventual constitution of the standardised Serbian
language.
Discursive practices and metalinguistic comments in the speech of representatives of national minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (The case of Slavic communities in the Republic of Srpska)
Authors: Borisov Sergey , Pilipenko Gleb
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the typology of metalinguistic comments in the speech of
representatives of the Slavic minority communities residing in the Republic
of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Using a corpus of examples from the
Ukrainian, Polish, Slovene and Czech languages gathered during fieldwork
carried out between 2016 and 2019, the authors show that the informants
provide both contact elements and intralinguistic units with metalinguistic
comments. Such comments reflect the complex ethnic and confessional
composition of the area where the field research was conducted, providing
information about the linguistic situation in the communities under
scrutiny.
A hybrid VNS matheuristic for a bin packing problem with a color constraint
Authors: Kochetov Yury , Kondakov Arteam
Published: February 2021

We study a new variant of the bin packing problem with a color constraint. Given a finite set of items, each item has a set of colors. Each bin has a color capacity, the total number of colors for a bin is the unification of colors for its items and cannot exceed the bin capacity. We need to pack all items into the minimal number of bins. For this NP-hard problem, we present approximability results and design a hybrid matheuristic based on the column generation technique. A hybrid VNS heuristic is applied to the pricing problem. The column generation method provides a lower bound and a core subset of the most promising bin patterns. Fast heuristics and exact solution for this core produce upper bounds. Computational experiments for test instances with number of items up to 500 illustrate the efficiency of the approach.
Understanding the Factors That Influence Information System Effectiveness in Higher Education
Authors: Campbell Cory A. , Fogarty Timothy J.
Published: February 2021

Facing a more competitive environment, institutions in the higher education sector increasingly deploy enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to facilitate better decision making. Of more recent origin, business analytics approaches are supplementing this technology. However, based on anecdotal accounts, many of these organizations have not reaped the advantages that were sought from these advances. The current research explores this conundrum by proposing and testing a model of perceived ERP effectiveness. Using data collected in a survey of colleges in the U.S., the results show that although distinctions between information quality and systems quality tend not to be made, overall perceived input quality is associated with ERP effectiveness. ERP effectiveness is only indirectly affected by general information technology competence. Here, perceived organizational support exists as an important mediating construct, but business analytics are not perceived to play a consequential role.

JEL Classifications: C3; L3; I22.

Data Availability: Survey data available upon request.
Trends in Total and Out-of-pocket Payments for Noninsulin Glucose-Lowering Drugs Among U.S. Adults With Large-Employer Private Health Insurance From 2005 to 2018
Authors: Shao Hui , Laxy Michael , Benoit Stephen R. , Cheng Yiling J. , Gregg Edward W. , Zhang Ping
Published: February 2021

Objective

To estimate trends in
total payment and patients’ out-of-pocket (OOP) payments of non-insulin glucose-lowering
drugs by class from 2005 to 2018.

Methods

We analyzed data for 53
million prescriptions from adults aged above 18 years with type 2 diabetes
under fee for service plans from the 2005-2018 IBM® MarketScan® Commercial
Claims Rx Databases. The total payment was measured as the amount that the
pharmacy received, and the OOP payment was the sum of copay, coinsurance, and
deductible paid by the beneficiaries. We applied a joinpoint regression to
evaluate non-linear trends in cost between 2005 and 2018. We further conducted
a decomposition analysis to explore the drivers for total payment change.

Results

Total annual payments for
older drug classes, including metformin, sulfonylurea, meglitinide,
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinedione have declined during 2005-2018,
ranging from -$271 (-53.8%) for metformin to -$2406 (-92.2%) for thiazolidinedione.
OOP payments for these drug classes also reduced. In the same period, the total
annual payments for the newer drug classes, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4
inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose
transport protein 2 inhibitors, have increased by $2181 (88.4%), $3721 (77.6%),
and $1374 (37.0%), respectively. OOP
payment for these newer classes remained relatively unchanged. Our study
findings indicate that switching toward the newer classes for non-insulin
glucose-lowering drugs was the main driver that explained the total payment
increase.

Conclusion

Average
annual payments and OOP payment for non-insulin glucose-lowering drugs have increased
significantly from 2005 to 2018. The uptake of newer drug classes was the main
driver.