bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metodología de la investigación: Técnicas e instrumentos de investigación
Authors: Medina Miguel , Rojas Rómulo , Bustamante Wilder , Loaiza Raquel , Martel Christian , Castillo Roxana
Published: February 2023

En la investigación científica, los instrumentos de investigación son herramientas valiosas para la recopilación de información y la obtención de una comprensión más profunda y precisa de un tema de estudio. Estas herramientas ayudan a los investigadores a recopilar datos objetivos, a evaluar y comparar diferentes grupos o poblaciones. Sin duda, los instrumentos de investigación son una parte esencial del proceso de investigación y juegan un papel clave en la obtención de información precisa y confiable. Es por este motivo, que, el presente libro brinda información valiosa para todos aquellos tesistas e investigadoras que deseen saber más sobre los instrumentos de investigación y necesiten aplicar alguno de estos, para su estudio. Los autores invitan a toda la comunidad académica a leer este libro.
Characterization of electrical properties of β-Ga2O3 epilayer and bulk GaAs using terahertz time-domain ellipsometry
Authors: Iwamoto Toshiyuki , Agulto Verdad C. , Liu Shuang , Wang Youwei , Mag-usara Valynn Katrine , Fujii Takashi , Goto Ken , Kumagai Yoshinao , Nakajima Makoto
Published: February 2023

The electrical properties of beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) and gallium arsenide semiconductors were characterized using the emerging terahertz time-domain ellipsometry (THz-TDE) technique. The dielectric and conductivity properties were obtained from the complex ratio of the measured p- and s-polarized THz pulses reflected from the samples. The carrier concentration and mobility were then deduced using the Drude model, and the results showed good accuracy. This work demonstrates THz-TDE as a promising tool for characterizing semiconductors, especially those with high carrier concentrations and significant absorption in the THz region.
The Role of Electronic Administration in Improving the Efficiency of Administrative Work for Jordanian School Principals from the Point of View of their Assistants
Authors: Ibrahim Manal
Published: February 2023

هدفت الدراسة معرفة دور الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحسين كفاءة العمل الإداري لدى مديري المدارس من وجهة نظر مساعديهم، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وتطوير استبانة تقيس مجالات دور الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحسين كفاءة العمل الإداري مكونة من (24) فقرة، وزّعت على عيّنة مكوّنة من (73) مساعدًا ومساعدةً في لواء الرّصيفة/ الأردن. أظهرت النتائج أنّ دور الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحسين كفاءة العمل الإداري لدى مديري المدارس الأردنية من وجهة نظر مساعديهم جاء ضمن المستوى المتوسط. وأظهرت عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً عند المستوى (0.05 ≥ α) في دور الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحسين كفاءة العمل الإداري لدى مديري المدارس الأردنية من وجهة نظر مساعديهم تُعزى إلى متغير الجنس، والنوع الاجتماعي، وسنوات الخبرة. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تكثيف الدورات التدريبية والبرامج في مجال الإدارة الإلكترونية لمديري المدارس في مجالات تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية ودورها في تحسين الأعمال الإدارية، وضرورة الانتقال نحو الإدارة الإلكترونية فـي المؤسسـات الحكوميـة، نظـرًا لأهميتها فـي رفـع مسـتويات الأداء، وتعزيـز كفـاءة العمل الإداري.
The Necessary Training Needs for Teaching Advanced Science for the Basic Stage in Jordanian Schools from the Point of View of Female Teachers
Authors: Kanaan Taha Sanaa
Published: February 2023

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى الحاجات التدريبية اللازمة لتدريس منهاج العلوم المطوّر للمرحلة الأساسية في المدارس الأردنية من وجهة نظر المعلمات، وتحقيقاً لأهداف الدراسة استُخدمَ المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واشتملت أداة الدراسة على استبانة تقيس مجالات الحاجات التدريبية مكونة من (24) فقرة، بعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها طُبّقت على عيّنة الدراسة المكوّنة من (115) معلمة في لواء الرصيفة/ الأردن، وقد تم اختيارهُنّ بالطريقة العشوائية، في الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام 2021/ 2022. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أنّ الحاجات التدريبية اللازمة للمعلمات لتدريس منهاج العلوم المطوّر في المرحلة الأساسية ككل قد حصلت على درجة مرتفعة، حيث كان المعدل الكليّ للحاجات (3.94) وهو معدل ذو درجة مرتفعة. وعدم وجود فروق ذات دالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05 ) بين متوسطات استجابة المعلمات في المدارس الأردنية لحاجاتهِنّ التدريبية لتدريس منهاج العلوم المطوّر تُعزى إلى متغير المؤهل العلمي وسنوات الخبرة. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة توفير المتطلبات والتجهيزات اللازمة لتدريس مناهج العلوم المطوّرة، وتقديم برامج تدريبية لمعلمي ومعلمات العلوم تركز على المهارات التدريسية الحديثة لتدريس هذا المنهاج وفي جميع المجالات (التخطيط، والتنفيذ، والتقويم).
Educational Leadership Styles and its Relationship to Job Engagement in Secondary Schools in East Jerusalem schools from School teachers perspective
Authors: Shqairat Tahani , AlJundi Nabil
Published: February 2023

هدف الدراسة: هدفت الدراسة التعرف على أنماط القيادة التربوية، وعلاقتها بواقع الانغماس الوظيفي في المرحلة الثانوية بمدارس شرقي القدس من وجهة نظر معلميها. منهجية البحث: اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتم استخدام أداتين؛ الأولى لدراسة الأنماط القيادية، والثانية لدراسة أبعاد الانغماس الوظيفي، وبعد التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما، تم تطبيقهما على عيّنة عشوائية بسيطة تكونت من (224) معلمًا ومعلمة من (8) مدارس ثانوية بشرقي القدس. نتائج الدراسة: وقد أظهرت النتائج أن واقع ممارسة أنماط القيادة التربوية قد جاء بدرجة متوسطة، فاحتل النمط القيادي الترسلي المركز الأول، يليه النمط الأوتوقراطي، وأخيراً النمط الديموقراطي، وجاء واقع الانغماس الوظيفي بدرجة متوسطة، فاحتل بُعد الإخلاص والتفاني المركز الأول، يليه بُعد النشاط، وأخيرا بُعد الانهماك، وأسفرت النتائج عن وجود علاقة طردية دالة بين الانغماس الوظيفي والنمط الديموقراطي، وعلاقة عكسية بين الانغماس الوظيفي، وكل من نمط القيادة الترسلي ونمط القيادة الأوتوقراطي. التوصيات: أوصت الدراسة بتعزيز الانغماس الوظيفي وتعزيز النمط القيادي الديموقراطي
The extent to which the principals of public schools in Al-Rusaifa District responded to the instructions of the Education Quality and Accountability Unit from the point of view of their assistants
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmad Rami
Published: February 2023

هدفت الدراسة معرفة مدى استجابة مديري المدارس الحكومية في لواء الرّصيفة لتعليمات وحدة جودة التعليم والمساءلة من وجهة نظر مساعديهم، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اعتُمد المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وقام الباحث بتطوير استبانة مكونة (28) فقرة، وُزّعت على أربعة مجالات، وطبقت على عيّنة عشوائية مكوّنة من (80) مساعداً ومساعدةً في المدارس الحكومية في لواء الرّصيفة، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة أن مدى استجابة مديري المدارس الحكومية في لواء الرّصيفة لتعليمات وحدة جودة التعليم والمساءلة من وجهة نظر مساعديهم جاء بدرجة متوسطة، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α ≤0.05) في مدى استجابة مديري المدارس الحكومية في لواء الرّصيفة لتعليمات وحدة جودة التعليم والمساءلة من وجهة نظر مساعديهم، تُعزى إلى متغير النوع الاجتماعي، والمؤهل العلمي، وسنوات الخبرة، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة نشر تعليمات وحدة جودة التعليم والمساءلة وتطبيقها في المدارس الحكومية وخاصة ما يتعلق بمجال بيئة الطالب.
ВОДНЕВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДЛЯ ВИРІВНЮВАННЯ ГРАФІКІВ ГЕНЕРУВАННЯ ВІТРОВИХ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЙ ПІД ЧАС БАЛАНСУВАННЯ РЕЖИМІВ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Комар В. О. , Кудря С. О. , Лежнюк П. Д. , Гунько І. О.
Published: February 2023

У роботі показана можливість використання водню як енергоносія для компенсації відхилень графіків генерування електричних станцій, що використовують відновлювані джерела енергії (ВДЕ), зокрема вітрових електро-станцій (ВЕС), від заявлених в НЕК «Укренерго». Тим самим забезпечується ефективна участь ВЕС у процесі підтрим-ки частоти й допустимих рівнів напруги в електроенергетичній системі (ЕЕС). Аналізуються можливі методи і способи резервування не-рівномірності генерування електроенергії ВДЕ, викликаних погодними умовами, і показано переваги водневих технологій над іншими. Вони є універсальнішими, оскільки вироблений з допомогою ВДЕ водень може використовуватися як енергоносій не тільки в електроенергетиці, а й в інших галузях. Заазом використання водневих технологій під час балансування режимів ЕЕС відкриває нові можливості щодо розбудови вітрових та фотоелектричних станцій в ЕЕС, бо зменшуються штрафні санкції та обмеження у виробленні електроенергії ВДЕ. Розглянуто алго-ритм використання водню як енергоносія для зменшення похибки між фактичним і прогнозованим по-годинними графіками генерування ВЕС у складі балансувальної групи. Математичні моделі розроблено на основі теорії подібності й критеріального методу. Такий підхід при мінімально доступній вихідній інформації забезпечує можливість порівнювати між собою різні способи резервування нерівномірності генерування ВЕС, оцінювати їх співрозмірність, а також визначити чутливість витрат до потужності способів резервування. Сформовано критеріальні моделі, які дозволяють побудувати залежності витрат на ре-зервування нерівномірності генерування ВЕС від потужності накопичувачів водневого типу та від потуж-ності системного резерву сукупно з пропускною здатністю ліній електропередачі. Показано, що подібні залежності дають можливість більш обґрунтовано вибирати ті чи інші способи резервування відповідно до характеристик і вимог ЕЕС.
Desarrollo del lenguaje en preescolares: Experiencia de docentes peruanas en un contexto de pandemia
Authors: Adelaida Julia Cueva Espinoza  , Edith Gissela Rivera Arellano  , Helga Ruth Majo Marrufo  , Carmen Patricia Tello Aguilar  , Silvia Del Pilar Alza Salvatierra  , Luzmila Lourdes Garro-Aburto
Published: February 2023

El desarrollo del lenguaje en los infantes se logra mediante la interacción con sus pares en un contexto social permitiéndole adquirir habilidades cognitivas y lingüísticas para comprender el mundo que los rodea. El estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar las experiencias de docentes peruanas con respecto al desarrollo del lenguaje de estudiantes preescolares en el contexto de educación virtual debido a la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cualitativo, diseño fenomenológico hermenéutico, centrado en cuatro categorías: Educación virtual, desarrollo del lenguaje, rol de la familia y perspectivas futuras de la educación preescolar. Las participantes fueron cinco docentes de nivel preescolar que trabajan en una escuela urbana de la ciudad de Lima-Perú, quienes fueron seleccionadas a través de un muestreo intencional. Se utilizó una entrevista en profundidad; estructurada en 15 interrogantes, enmarcadas en las categorías de análisis del estudio, siguiendo cuatro etapas: clarificación de los presupuestos, descriptiva, estructural y discusión. Durante la educación a distancia las docentes de preescolar han incorporado diversas estrategias virtuales para el desarrollo del lenguaje; sin embargo, las competencias lingüísticas no han sido las esperadas para la edad de los infantes en etapa escolar. La participación de las familias fue determinante en los logros o limitaciones de los procesos lingüísticos de los niños durante la pandemia. La educación virtual no fue suficientemente efectiva en el desarrollo del lenguaje en los niños de edad preescolar en el contexto estudiado, evidenciándose limitaciones en la expresión oral y gestual, además de un repertorio limitado de palabras esperado para su edad.
Dakwah Kultural Komunitas “Ngasango” di Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Rosi Bahrur , Rahman Habibur
Published: February 2023

Metode Dakwah Kultural Komunitas “Ngasango” di Kabupaten Pamekasan merupakan upaya pemberdayaan pemuda dan masyarakat dengan menyebarkan ajaran Agama Islam secara kultural dengan tetap melestarikan budaya masyarakat lokal, tanpa menghilangkan kultur budaya setempat. Komunitas ini tergolong unik karena menggunakan metode dakwah yang belum familiar dengan budaya masyarakat setempat. Kemasan dakwah dengan model ngaji sambil ngopi ternyata memiliki daya tarik tersendiri karena kekhasan yang dapat dikemas secara santai namun tidak menghilangkan esensi dari materi dakwah yang disampaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode dakwah komunitas “Ngasango” yang menawarkan model dakwah dengan penyelarasan nilai-nilai agama serta tidak merusak budaya yang berkembang di Masyarakat dengan melibatkan komunitas-komunitas kepemudaan yang ada di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan temuan tentang faktor penghambat dan penghambat dakwah kultural komunitas “Ngasango”.
ТОРГОВЕЛЬНЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЙОГО СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Шиндировський І. М.
Published: February 2023

Торговельне підприємництво можна трактувати як вид господарської діяльності, що здійснює товарообмін та обслуговування покупців, а також інші операції, які забезпечують продаж товарів. Велике значення воно має у становленні конкурентного середовища в економіці, налаштуванні національної економіки на ринкові рейки, здійсненні соціальних функцій у суспільстві, адже доводить товари до кінцевого споживача. Завдяки діяльності суб’єктів господарювання у цьому секторі формується значна частка доданої вартості, створюються нові робочі місця, зростає зайнятість населення. Традиційна для нашої країни проблема збалан-сування виробництва і споживання вирішується в значній мірі завдяки торговельному підприємництву. Забез-печення ефективності здійснення торговельного підприємництва вимагає адекватної реакції на зміни впливу чинників зовнішнього середовища, правильного оцінювання позитивних і негативних тенденцій у власній галузі, діяльності конкурентів. У статті досліджено сучасний стан торговельного підприємництва. Розглянуто суб’єктний склад оптової та роздрібної торгівлі; ремонту автотранспортних засобів і мотоциклів, чисель-ність зайнятого населення у цій сфері. Проаналізовано обсяги реалізованої продукції та результативність діяльності таких суб’єктів господарювання. Розглянуто фактори, що впливають на стан вітчизняної організованої торгівлі. Досліджуються проблеми внутрішньої торгівлі спричинені повномасштабною війною, яку розв’язала в Україні Російська Федерація. Визначено, що підприємницькі структури в торгівлі стикнулися зі складними завданнями, такими як безпека персоналу і клієнтів, відновлення зруйнованих магазинів та складів, зміна логістичних ланцюжків, формування нових каналів постачання тощо. За результатами дослідження зроблено висновок про необхідність підтримки суб’єктів господарювання галузі з боку центральної і місцевої влади, в напрямку подальшого спрощення умов торгівлі, забезпеченні роботи самих торговельних об’єктів, допомоги в налагодженні логістики, наданні відстрочки від призову працівникам торгівлі.
Penerapan Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sari Nur Indah Lailya Mawar , Angganing Paradika , Riyadi Sugeng
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui penerapkan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning untuk meningkatkan motivasi PPKn di Kelas III SDN 01 Nangsri Kebakkramat Karanganyar Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. (2) mengetahui penerapkan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKn di Kelas III SDN 01 Nangsri Kebakkramat Karanganyar Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan di kelas III semester 2 di SDN 01 Nangsri Tahun ajaran 2020/2021, yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, angket. Tahap-tahap analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi dan hasil belajar PPKn pada siswa kelas III SDN 01 Nangsri Kebakkramat Karanganyar tahun 2020/2021 dapat ditingkatkan dengan menerapan penggunaan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan indikator ketercapaian ≥75% untuk motivasi belajar dan untuk hasil belajar KKM ≥ 75. Persentase motivasi belajar siswa, yaitu: sebelum tindakan yaitu sebanyak 41% (8 Siswa), pada siklus I sebanyak 60% (12 siswa) dan pada siklus II sebanyak 84% (17 Siswa). Sedangkan Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar PPKn siswa sebelum tindakan sebesar 15% (3 Siswa), pada siklus I sebesar 55% (11 siswa), dan pada siklus II sebesar 95% (19 siswa).
A Soft Set Approach to Relations and Its Application to Decision Making
Authors: TAŞKÖPRÜ Kemal , KARAKÖSE Elif
Published: February 2023

One of the most useful mathematical tools for examining the relationships among objects is the concept of relation. Besides, it can also be necessary to throw light on uncertainties in these relationships. Soft set theory, in which different approaches used in defining the notions bring about different applications in many areas, enables to overcome uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to define soft relation in a different way and to give a decision making method using the concept of soft relation. For this purpose, firstly, the soft relations are defined on the collection of soft elements, unlike the previous ones. After their basic properties are provided, the correspondence between the soft and classical relations is investigated and some examples are given. Finally, an algorithm is proposed using the soft relation for solving decision making problems, where the decision is related to other circumstances, and given an illustrative example.
Study on Existing Drainage and Water Logging Problem at HSTU Campus Area in Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Ar Rashid Md. Harun
Published: February 2023

In rapidly growing urban regions of Bangladesh, several environmental hazards are now surfacing as main obstructing factors in the development activities. Specially, in the cases where existing drainage systems are available, new planning and updating process is often overlooked. To understand the drainage problems in Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) area, the campus area was examined for the existing surface drainage conditions. By adopting some generalized sampling method, field survey was conducted and the study area was also surveyed with a total of 100 respondents living within it. 42% of the residents told that the current drain numbers are insufficient, 34% said solid wastes clogged the drain and the rest of them said that both of these are responsible for the drainage system's underperformance. The various data were collected and analyzed providing some key observations, such as, there was a lack of well-planned drainage system, along with complications related to insufficient outfalls and maintenance issues. The poor drainage condition causes inundation of unsuspected areas that results in early pavement deterioration and also bring discomfort to the residents by hindering their day-to-day activities. For some drains with connection problems, alternative routes with new connections among the existing drains were suggested. Construction of new outfalls with proper outlets and branch drains with good connections to main drains would help to minimize rainwater runoff in drains. For future improvement, some provisions such as sand trap and bar screen were recommended as a solution of excessive sludge problems.
Pressurize Cavity Between Building Structures at The Facility of Sewage System in Kyiv
Authors: Musiiaka Ivan
Published: February 2023

The article examines the possibility of sealing cavities between buildings structures of the sewage network using polymer material SPT® Resins. The need to pressurize junctions, in particular at sewer network facilities, is a widespread problem that requires a quality solution. The authors conducted a laboratory experiment, based on the results of which sealing of connections was performed on a real object with a further inspection of the state of the sealed connection. Based on the results of the work, conclusions made about the effectiveness of the technology of sealing cavities between building structures using polymer material SPT® Resins.
“Sport knowledge creates value” Old age on the move: physical activity to promote physical and cognitive health in old age
Authors: Voelcker-Rehage Claudia
Published: February 2023

Against the background of demographic change, health in old age is an important topic. This applies not solely to healthy older adults living independently but also to residents of nursing homes. Physical activity and exercise are essential determinants of maintaining health throughout the entire life span. In this regard, physical activity and exercise are central to physical as well as cognitive health. However, not all exercise programs are universally effective. There are differential effects on different bodily systems and interindividual differences in responses to physical activity or exercise. Therefore, tailored exercise programs that meet the individual needs of older adults are increasingly in focus.

This talk will review research on physical activity in older adults concerning various dependent variables, such as physical fitness, motor function, cognition, and dual-tasking. Additionally, findings for different target groups will be presented, from healthy older adults to the very old and multimorbid in long-term care settings. The aim is to highlight how physical activity and exercise can contribute to physical and cognitive health in old age. Particular emphasis will be placed on individualization and studies conducted in scenarios close to everyday life.
Color blind – Investigating customer-based discrimination in European soccer
Authors: Quansah Tommy Kweku , Lang Markus , Frick Bernd
Published: February 2023

This paper tests for the existence and consequences of customer-based racial discrimination in Europe’s five largest professional soccer leagues. Most of the previous studies focusing on European sports, as opposed to North American sports, either used wage models to identify discrimination of e.g., black players or focused on nationality instead of ethnicity or race. This study employs a market test approach to empirically test whether racial preferences affect ticket demand. Using data from the European Big-5 soccer leagues between 2008/09 and 2018/19, the results of our regression models indicate evidence of customer-based discrimination in European soccer, moderated by the idiosyncratic circumstances in each of the five countries and their respective leagues - both in terms of racial as well as nationality-based discrimination. The study fills an important gap in the European sports management literature, as the lack of suitable data has for a long time impeded a thorough investigation of customer-based discrimination and its consequences in European sports – an area well researched in the North American context.
Agreement and reliability of lower limb muscle architecture measurements using a portable ultrasound device
Authors: Ritsche Paul , Schmid Reto , Franchi Martino , Faude Oliver
Published: February 2023

Although ultrasonography is commonly used to assess muscle architecture, high-end ultrasonography devices lack in portability and are expensive. Recently, ultrasonography devices consisting solely of a probe, an app, and/or a mobile display were introduced. These devices have lower acquisition costs than high-end devices and demonstrate higher portability. Portable systems would allow for cost-effective, on-site athlete or patient screenings of muscle architecture as well as diagnosis of pathologies or injury. Furthermore, portable systems can be easily transported to allow for uncomplicated assessment of athletes belonging to different teams or patients in different hospital units. Nonetheless, the reliability of portable systems and the comparability to high-end devices for muscle architecture assessment have not been investigated.

We investigated the agreement and reliability of a portable and handheld ultrasonography system for muscle architecture measurements in human lower limb muscles. We acquired images of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) in 36 active healthy participants (15 female, 21 male) at 50% of muscle length using the handheld Lumify (L12-4, linear array 37 mm, Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and a high-end laboratory device (ACUSON Juniper, linear-array 54 mm, 12L3, SIEMENS Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Muscle length was determined as distance between the proximal and distal muscle tendon junction. We compared measurements of muscle fascicle length, pennation angle and thickness. To assess inter-session reliability of the Lumify system, participants were measured twice within 1 week.

Comparing RF architecture measurements of both devices resulted in intra-class correlations (ICCs) ranging from 0.46–0.82 and standardized mean difference (SMDs) ranging from −0.45–0.05. For VL, ICCs ranged from 0.60–0.89 and SMDs ranged from −0.11–0.13. ICCs and SMDs for the GM ranged from 0.82–0.86 and −0.07–0.07. Calculating inter-session reliability for RF resulted in ICCs ranging from 0.44–0.76 and SMDs ranging from −0.38–0.15. For VL, ICCs and SMDs ranged from 0.57–0.75 and −0.13–0.02. ICCs for GM ranged from 0.75–0.92 and SMDs ranged from −0.15–0.16. The highest agreement (ICC ≥ 0.82) and reliability (ICC ≥ 0.75) across all muscles was demonstrated for the measurement of muscle thickness.

The Lumify system was comparable to a high-end device and reliable for GM measurements. Nevertheless, agreement and reliability were lower for the RF and VL. Thus, when interpreting longitudinal observed changes in muscle architecture assessed with the Lumify system, measurement errors should be considered. Future investigations should consider including different participant populations, comparing the reliability of different portable systems for muscle architecture assessment as well as including different muscle groups.
Professionalisation of sports clubs
Authors: Klenk Christoffer , Lang Markus , Schwizer Dominik
Published: February 2023

Sports clubs play a crucial role as they promote (elite) sport and physical activity and fulfill important societal functions. At the same time, sports clubs are confronted with manifold challenges related to developments in society and sport. Therefore, sports clubs tend to professionalise, a process by which sports clubs transform from volunteer-driven to increasingly business-like organisations (e.g., implement paid work, use management tools, restructure their club) to address these problems. In this symposium - an initiative of the Research Network in Sportmanagement Switzerland - the phenomena of professionalisation will be addressed from multiple perspectives by discussing the triggering causes, the transformative process, and the corresponding consequences with the overall objective of getting a more comprehensive understanding of professionalisation in sports clubs. Mrkonjic addresses good governance and professionalisation of non-profit sport clubs and Stieger et al. analyse professionalisation and its consequences for the governance of sports clubs in semi-professional team sports. Mustafi et al. focus on the transfer market for non-big five soccer clubs of Swiss Super League and Schulz et al. examine expectations of voluntary sports clubs with regard to support services of sports federations.
The effects of physical activity and social interaction on executive functions - Better together?
Authors: Zehnder Cäcilia , Anzeneder Sofia , Wallman-Jones Amie , Schmidt Mirko , Benzing Valentin
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Research has shown that acute physical activity (PA) enhances executive functions (EFs). However, it is still not fully understood, what underlying mechanism and associated PA characteristics are responsible for these effects. Derived from unsystematic investigations, social interaction (SI) is proposed as one factor that might positively influence these effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PA, SI, and their combination on EFs.

Methods

A total of 96 sports students aged 17 to 26 years (M = 20.51, SD = 1.73; 50% female) underwent four conditions in a 2×2 within-subject design that varied in terms of PA (physically active exergame/non-physically active exergame) or SI (socially interactive exergame/non-socially interactive exergame). EFs were measured using the computer-based Flanker Task during the baseline assessment and immediately after the four intervention conditions.

Results

Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs showed that participants’ EFs benefited from PA in terms of faster response time (F(1,95) = 19.34, p < .001, ƞ2p = .169) and lower error rate (F(1,95) = 15.43, p < .001, ƞ2p = .140). Concerning SI, results showed that although participants responded faster (F(1,95) = 4.11, p = .045, ƞ2p = .041), they also made significantly more errors (F(1,95) = 15.43, p < .001, ƞ2p = .140) after socially interactive compared to non-socially interactive activities. No significant interaction effects could be demonstrated (p > .050) neither for reaction time (ƞ2p = .036) nor for error rate (ƞ2p = .005).

Discussion

This study confirmed previous evidence that PA leads to better EFs. Results are in line with the cognitive stimulation hypothesis, which assumes that PA preactivates specific brain areas relevant to higher-order cognitive processes. Concerning socially interactive activities, results show speed-accuracy trade-offs. Besides highlighting the importance of PA for enhancing EFs, this result indicates that SI during exergaming may lead to cognitive overload, resulting in lower performance. Further studies are needed on the effect and underlying mechanisms of different characteristics, such as SI, to promote EFs.
Perception, decision-making and action in football: Current findings and implications
Authors: Zahno Stephan
Published: February 2023

In football, players’ perceptual-motor and decision-making skills are essential for successful performance. However, developing effective trainings and valid tests for these skills represents a key challenge for both researchers and practitioners in the field. The symposium is organized in collaboration with the Swiss Football Association and aims to bring researchers and practitioners together in order to stimulate constructive discussions on this specific issue. Four speakers will present findings and implications of their current research focusing on different aspects of perception, decision-making and action, namely on the effect of verbal coaching instruction on scanning activity (Hintermann & Fuchslocher, Magglingen); the role of task constraints for creative performance (De Joode, VU Amsterdam); novel opportunities to tests decision-making skills using augmented reality (Müller & Mann, VU Amsterdam); and the role of gaze strategies for performing functional and creative action (Zahno & Vater, Bern).
Inequality and diversity in sport - Developments and perspectives
Authors: Lamprecht Markus , Nagel Siegfried
Published: February 2023

Despite the steady increase in the number of people active in sport over the past decades, certain population groups are still underrepresented in sport and especially in sport clubs, e.g. people with a low level of education and income, with a migration background or disabilities. In view of the diverse functions attributed to sport involvement, such as health promotion, transmission of norms and values, and social integration, analyses of social inequalities with regard to sport participation are of particular relevance. The symposium organized by the Research Committee for the Sociology of Sport aims, on the one hand, to highlight current developments and relevant factors with regard to the participation of different population groups in sport and, on the other hand, to present possibilities in the sense of diversity management of how sport organizations can facilitate access to sport. This will provide a knowledge base on the question of how to reduce barriers to access in sport and ensure greater equality.

The first two presentations highlight developments with regard to social differences in the sport behavior of the Swiss population. Bürgi and Lamprecht analyze the effects of the Covid 19 pandemic and Klostermann et al. examine historical changes in sport behavior. The two other contributions look at specific target groups and the importance of structural conditions. Klenk et al. focus on the social participation of children with cognitive impairment in inclusive school sport. Buser and Nagel show how inclusive measures for people with a migration background are structurally anchored in soccer clubs.
The impact of the Covid19 pandemic on social and regional differences in the sports behaviour of the Swiss population
Authors: Bürgi Rahel , Lamprecht Markus
Published: February 2023

The Covid19 pandemic and the accompanying measures between March 2020 and March 2022 had a strong impact on the sport system. The various restrictions on sports activities affected not only school sports, but also clubs and fitness centres, as well as competitive sports in general. At the same time, a considerable increase in unorganised outdoor sports activities and a shift in sport preferences could be observed.

In order to assess and quantify the short- to medium-term changes in the sporting behaviour of the Swiss population due to the Covid 19 pandemic, the Federal Office of Sport commissioned a representative population survey. For this purpose, 2,130 people aged 15 and over were surveyed in the summer of 2022 in the three national languages German, French and Italian by means of an online questionnaire. To facilitate comparisons over time, the survey was based on the survey instrument of the "Sport Switzerland" studies (cf. Lamprecht et al., 2020), with additional questions on the assessment and management of the Covid19 pandemic.

For the present paper, on the one hand, results on the changes in sports behaviour during the Covid19 pandemic will be presented and it will be shown how these changes affected sports activity in the different settings in the medium term. On the other hand, the consequences of these changes on social and regional differences in sports behaviour (cf. Lamprecht & Nagel, 2022) will be examined. Did the Covid19 pandemic and the accompanying measures in the field of sport tend to increase or rather level out the differences according to age, gender, social status and place of residence? Did the pandemic lead to a situation in which population groups who were only sparingly and irregularly active in sport were increasingly discouraged from taking part in sport, while those who were more active in sport found it easier to switch to other types of sport and settings? With regard to the regions, it will be investigated whether a connection can be found between compliance with the Corona measures and the changes in sports behaviour.

Finally, the question will be raised as to how lasting the measured changes and shifts are likely to be and how an increase in social inequality in the field of sport could be countered. 

References

Lamprecht, M., & Nagel, S. (2022). Sportsoziologie: Einführung. Nomos.

Lamprecht, M., Bürgi, R., & Stamm, H. (2020). Sport Schweiz 2020: Sportaktivität und Sportinteresse der Schweizer Bevölkerung. Bundesamt für Sport BASPO.
Social participation of children with intellectual disabilities in inclusive sport: Practical implications for physical education.
Authors: Klenk Christoffer , Blaise Max , Schluchter Thierry
Published: February 2023

The UN-CRPD has improved inclusion in sport for people with intellectual disabilities, yet this group remains marginalized and faces discrimination and exclusion in sport (Steiger et al., 2021). Although research in this area has increased, there is little empirical evidence of the effectiveness of inclusive settings or of factors that promote success. This study aims to analyse the social participation of children with intellectual disabilities in mainstream schooling and club sports, and the factors influencing this participation. This knowledge is key to the development of effective social participation of people with intellectual disabilities in inclusive schools and sports clubs.
Applying the framework of Koster et al. (2009), a sample of 1,884 students (132 with intellectual disabilities) from 109 school classes (3rd to 6th grade) in 13 Swiss German-speaking cantons completed a standardised questionnaire composed of established instruments.
Multi-level analysis reveals that the level of social participation depends on experienced social contacts and interactions, established relationships, and received social acceptance and perception. The overall effectiveness of participation of those with intellectual disabilities is consistently lower than that of non-disabled peers. Nevertheless, cases with high levels of participation were also observed. Influential factors are at a structural level, such as the design of lessons, trainer and teacher competencies, group climate, school and club conditions, as well as at an individual level such as children and trainer attitudes and competencies.
Specific understanding of these factors supports practitioners to more effectively develop inclusive sport settings. Good practice that actively promotes inclusion in physical education classes includes individualization measures at various levels such as task difficulty and duration, individual assistance, and the use of adapted learning materials. These measures all aim to deepen student participation according to individual competencies.
References
Koster, M., Nakken, H., Pijl, S. J., & van Houten, E. (2009). Being part of the peer group: A literature study focusing on the social dimension of inclusion in education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110701284680
Steiger, A., Mumenthaler, F., & Nagel, S. (2021). Friendships in integrative settings: Network analyses in organized sports and a comparison with school. International journal of environmental research and public health 18(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126603
The association between physical behavior, affective states, and contextual factors: Using ambulatory assessment to characterize moderating effects
Authors: Timm Irina , Reichert Markus , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , Giurgiu Marco
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Physical behavior is a key lifestyle factor in regulating and preventing diseases across the lifespan. Researchers identified affective, cognitive, and contextual factors like weather conditions, as significant contributors in determining if individuals are physically active. However, there is scarce empirical evidence about potential associations between physical behavior and affective states influenced by weather conditions in daily life. Therefore, we investigated the within-subject association between momentary affective states and physical behavior, and weather conditions and physical behavior. Further, we additionally explored if weather conditions moderated the within-subject association between momentary affective states and subsequent physical behavior.

Methods

Utilizing ambulatory assessment, 79 participants completed electronic diaries about their affective states (i.e., valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) up to six times a day over five days, and their physical behavior (i.e., physical activity and sedentariness) was simultaneously recorded via accelerometers. Weather conditions (i.e., temperature and precipitation) recorded near participants’ locations served as moderators in the multilevel analyses.

Results

We showed, that the association of affective states and physical activity was moderated by temperature. Higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on physical activity (β = .001, p = .023) and attenuated the negative effects of calmness on physical activity (β = .001, p = .021). Moreover, higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on reduced sedentary behavior (β = -0.011, p = .043). In addition, we revealed a significant positive association between temperature, as a momentary weather condition, and physical activity (β = 0.025; p = .015). Furthermore, we confirmed earlier findings associating affective states with physical behavior. Increased valence and energetic arousal were positively associated with physical activity (β = 0.007; p < .001), whereas calmness predicted lower levels of physical activity (β = -0.006; p < .001). Higher levels of calmness showed a positive association with sedentary behavior (β = 0.054; p = .003).

Conclusion

Moderating effects, such as higher temperatures enhancing the positive effects of valence on PA, provide mechanistic real-life insights as a basis for future health technologies. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAI) offer the possibility to incorporate weather conditions and allow triggering individuals within their preferred contextual condition to promote physical activity. Such personalized real-time systems have recently been promoted by the WHO as most promising.
The competence profile of lecturers in didactics of Physical Education in Switzerland
Authors: Hayoz Christelle
Published: February 2023

Since the introduction of the Higher Education Promotion and Coordination Act (HEdA), Swiss universities of teacher education (UTE) had to offer continuing education, additional training, teaching, research and development (Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, 2021). This mandate led to a dual competence requirement of teaching and research for lecturers (Freisler-Mühlemann, 2020; Sibold, 2017). The current state of research shows that there is a need for clarification regarding the dual competence profile of lecturers at Universities of Teacher Education (swissuniversities, 2021). In order to answer the question of how these competence requirements are perceived by lecturers, the subjective perceptions of a total of 18 sports didactics lecturers from eight different UTE in German- and French-speaking Switzerland were collected by means of semi-structured qualitative guided interviews. The qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015) showed that the competence requirements are perceived differently and that various competence profiles exist. A valuable contribution could be made to the (dual) competence profile of sports didactics lecturers as well as to the promotion of sports didactics as a scientific discipline.

References

Freisler-Mühlemann, D. (2020). Doppeltes Kompetenzprofil - Leitvorstellungen an das Personal von Pädagogischen Hochschulen? [Double competence profile - Guiding principles for the staff of teacher training colleges?]. In A. Tettenborn & P. Tremp (Eds.), Pädagogische Hochschulen in ihrer Entwicklung und Berufsbezug. Hochschulkulturen im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaftsorientierung (pp. 65-66). Pädagogische Hochschule Luzern.

Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken [Qualitative content analysis. Basics and techniques] (Beltz Pädagogik, 12th rev. ed.). Beltz.

Sibold, N. (2017). Nachwuchsförderung an Schweizer Fachhochschulen und Universitäten - Entwicklungen, Positionen und Herausforderungen [Promotion of young researchers at Swiss universities of applied sciences and universities - Developments, positions and challenges]. In L. Truniger (Ed.), Führen in Hochschulen. Anregungen und Reflexionen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis (pp. 105-122). Springer Gabler.

Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation. (2021). Fachhochschulen und pädagogische Hochschulen [Universities of applied sciences and teacher training colleges]. https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/sbfi/de/home/hs/hochschulen/kantonale-hochschulen/fh-ph.html

Swissuniversities. (2021). P-11 Doppeltes Kompetenzprofil [P-11 Double competence profile]. https://www.swissuniversities.ch/themen/nachwuchsfoerderung/p-11-doppeltes-kompetenzprofil
Life in elite sport
Authors: Ronkainen Noora Johanna , Oblinger-Peters Violetta
Published: February 2023

Empirical research which aims to investigate elite sport from a holistic perspective (Magnusson & Stattin, 2006; Wylleman, 2019) is necessary to inform the ethical discussions surrounding issues such as performance and optimization. This symposium, therefore, intends to capture the complex trajectories of athlete’s lived experience from multiple angles and disciplines within the area of sport science. Starting from a psychological understanding, Philip Röthlin will introduce the prevalence of mental health disorders among Swiss elite athletes along with relevant contributing factors such as need satisfaction and organizational support. Colm Hickey will unearth how professional elite athletes are affected by abuse disguised as jokes in their daily lives from a sociological perspective. Helena Hlasová will explore retirement from elite sport through the lens of Dialogical Self Theory (Hermans & Kempen, 1993) and uncover the implicit ways in which elite athletes may or may not engage in “identity work” while transitioning out of their careers. Finally, Violetta Oblinger-Peters will present on how Olympic athletes find and create personal meaning(s) in their sport and discuss how the scientific concept translates into tangible support for athletes. Overall, the symposium intends to generate transferable knowledge of athletes’ lived reality in elite sport.
References
Hermans, H. J. M., & Kempen, H. J. G. (1993). The dialogical self: Meaning as movement. Academic Press.
Magnusson, D., & Stattin, H. (2006). The person in context: A holistic-interactionistic approach. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 400–464). Wiley.
Wylleman, P., Reints, A., & De Knop, P. (2013). A developmental and holistic perspective on athletic career development. In P. Sotiriadou & V. De Bosscher (Eds.), Managing high performance sport (pp. 159–182). Routledge.
Specific exercise is medicine – Preventing and treating a peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Streckmann Fiona , Balke Maryam , Cavaletti Guido , Toscanelli Alexandra , Bloch Wilhelm , Décard Bernhard F. , Lehmann Helmar C. , Faude Oliver
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Neuropathies are a prevalent, heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Symptoms are often debilitating, difficult to treat, and usually become chronic. Not only do they diminish patients’ quality of life, but they can also affect medical therapy and lead to complications. To date, for most conditions there are no evidence-based causal treatment options available. Specific exercise interventions have proven beneficial to reduce and even prevent a neuropathy.

Objective

Our objective in a systematic review with meta-analysis was to analyze exercise interventions for neuropathic patients in order to evaluate the potential benefits of exercise on neuropathies of different origin that can then be translated into practice.

Methods

Two independent reviewers performed a systematic review with meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Inclusion criteria according to the PICOS approach were: neuropathic patients, exercise interventions only, an inactive or non-exercising control group, and solely randomized controlled trials with the following outcome parameters: neuropathic symptoms, balance parameters, functional mobility, gait, health-related quality of life, and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin).

Results

A total of 41 randomized, controlled trials met all inclusion criteria, 20 could be included in the quantitative analysis. Study quality varied from moderate to high. Current data further support the hypothesis that exercise is beneficial for neuropathic patients. This is best documented for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN; 27 studies) as well as for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN; nine studies), while there are only few studies (five) on all other causes of neuropathy. We found standardized mean differences in favor of the exercise group of 0.27–2.00 for static balance, Berg Balance Scale, Timed-up-and-go-test, nerve conduction velocity of peroneal and sural nerve as well as for HbA1c in patients with DPN, and standardized mean differences of 0.43–0.75 for static balance, quality of life, and neuropathy-induced symptoms in patients with CIPN.

Conclusion

For DPN, evidence-based recommendations can now be made, suggesting a combination of endurance and sensorimotor training to be most beneficial. For patients with CIPN, sensorimotor training remains the most crucial component. For all other neuropathies, more high-quality research is needed to derive evidence-based recommendations. Overall, it seems that sensorimotor training has great potential to target most neuropathies and combined with endurance training is therefore currently the best treatment option for neuropathies.