bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Dune Erosion on the Coast of South Baltic Sea Taking into Account Dune Landslide Processes
Authors: Szmytkiewicz Piotr , Zabuski Lesław
Published: September 2017

An analysis was carried out to determine the influence of landslide process at a few meters depth under the dune surface on the rebuilding of the dune. In the first step, calculations were done using the XBEACH model to determine seabed rebuilding as well as shore and dune undercutting for the assumed hydrologic and hydrodynamic conditions. Next, the obtained tachymetric profile of the dune and beach was fed into the FLAC2D program, and calculations of stress distribution, displacements and stability conditions were made. In this way, landslide movement was identified. The theoretical investigations clearly prove that waves attacking the dune not only cause surface erosion, but also trigger a landslide within the dune mass to a maximum depth of about 5 m. It results in a lowering of the dune crown by about 0:6 ÷ 0:7 m. Numerical models such as XBEACH, SBEACH or CSHORE do not take into account landslide occurrence, and thus underestimate dune erosion.
Moisture transport and sorption in beech and spruce barks
Authors: Rémond Romain , Barros Livia Cipriano Almeida , Almeida Giana
Published: September 2017

The bark-water relation and the moisture transport in bark are essential for the living tree but also for the industrial utilization of bark. Thus the bark-water relation of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) have been studied in the present work. The sorption isotherms were determined at 35°C for both wood and bark and the water diffusivity was measured under steady state conditions (cup method) and under unsteady state conditions, i.e. via sorption test. The sorption isotherms were calculated based on the Hailwood-Horrobin (HH) model. It was observed that beech wood and bark have a similar hygroscopic behavior, whereas spruce bark is more hygroscopic than spruce wood in all the relative humidity (RH) ranges. The radial diffusivity was in the range 1.2·10−11–2.2·10−11 m2 s−1 for spruce and beech bark, respectively, when the driving force of the diffusion is the gradient of bound water.
Functional interaction between N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and ascorbic acid during neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve
Authors: Saffarpour Sepideh , Nasirinezhad Farinaz
Published: September 2017

Background:

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition, which is resistant to therapy. Ascorbate was released because of the activation of glutaminergic neurons. Due to the important role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, this study investigated the analgesic efficacy of ascorbic acid (AA) in neuropathic pain condition and the role of NMDA receptors in this effect.

Methods:

For this purpose, adult male rats were randomly allocated to experimental groups (n=8 in each group). Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. During the second week after CCI, animals received a single injection of 1, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg of AA intraperitoneally and pain threshold was determined 15 and 60 min later. The antinociceptive effect of chronic administration was also evaluated by intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 3 mg/kg AA for 3 weeks. To determine the role of NMDA receptors, separate groups of animals 30 min after single injection of AA (1 mg/kg) animals received i.p. injection of ketamine (5 mg/kg), MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg), or glutamate (1000 nmol) and were tested 20 min afterwards. Data analyzed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls tests and p<0.05 were considered as significant.

Results:

IP of 3, 5 and 10 mg/kg increased the pain threshold during the second week after CCI (p<0.05, F=3 in tactile allodynia and p<0.01, F=3.2 in thermal and mechanical hyperalgeisa). Chronic administration of AA also produced antinociceptive effect. Ascorbic acid (1 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited MK-801 and ketamine-induced antinociception response significantly (p<0.001, F=2). It also prevented the analgesic effect of glutamate administration (p<0.001, F=2).

Conclusions:

The results indicated that AA produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect that seems to mediate through its interaction with NMDA receptors.
Control model design to limit DC-link voltage during grid fault in a dfig variable speed wind turbine
Authors: Nwosu Cajethan M. , Ogbuka Cosmas U. , Oti Stephen E.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a control model design capable of inhibiting the phenomenal rise in the DC-link voltage during grid- fault condition in a variable speed wind turbine. Against the use of power circuit protection strategies with inherent limitations in fault ride-through capability, a control circuit algorithm capable of limiting the DC-link voltage rise which in turn bears dynamics that has direct influence on the characteristics of the rotor voltage especially during grid faults is here proposed. The model results so obtained compare favorably with the simulation results as obtained in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The generated model may therefore be used to predict near accurately the nature of DC-link voltage variations during fault given some factors which include speed and speed mode of operation, the value of damping resistor relative to half the product of inner loop current control bandwidth and the filter inductance.
The BNS-invariant for Artin groups of circuit rank 2
Authors: Almeida Kisnney
Published: September 2017

The BNS-invariant or

Σ
1

{\Sigma^{1}}

-invariant is the first of a series of geometric invariants of finitely generated groups defined in the eighties that are deeply related to finiteness properties of their subgroups, although they are very hard to compute. Meier, Meinert and VanWyk have obtained a partial description of

Σ
1

{\Sigma^{1}}

of Artin groups, but the complete description of the general case is still an open problem. Let the circuit rank of an Artin group be the free rank of the fundamental group of its underlying graph. Meier, in a previous work, obtained a complete description for Artin groups of circuit rank 0, i.e., whose underlying graphs are trees. In a previous work we have proved, in joint work with Kochloukova, the same description to be true for Artin groups of circuit rank 1. In this paper we prove the description to be true for every Artin group of circuit rank 2.
Simultaneous determination of the magnetic field and the electric potential in the Schrödinger equation by a finite number of boundary observations
Authors: Ben Aïcha Ibtissem , Mejri Youssef
Published: September 2017

We study the inverse problem of determining the magnetic field and the electric potential appearing in the magnetic Schrödinger equation from the knowledge of a finite number of lateral observations of the solution. We prove a Lipschitz stability estimate for both coefficients simultaneously by choosing the “initial” conditions suitably.
Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma: trends in practice and outcomes over 40 years at a single tertiary care institution
Authors: Olmsted Courtney , Arunachalam Rajalakshmi , Gao Xiang , Pesce Liuska , Lal Geeta
Published: September 2017

Background:

This study aims to analyze changes in characteristics, practice and outcomes of pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at our tertiary care institution.

Methods:

Patients <21 years of age diagnosed between 1973 and 2013 were identified. Clinicopathological data, treatment and outcomes were obtained by a retrospective review.

Results:

Thirteen males and 68 females were divided into Group A (n=35, diagnosed before July 1993) and Group B (n=46, diagnosed after July 1993). Group B was more likely to undergo neck ultrasound (US) (70% vs. 23%, p<0.0001) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy (80% vs. 26%, p<0.0001). Patients in Group B more often underwent total thyroidectomy as a definitive surgical treatment (87% vs. 69%, p=0.04). There was no difference in radioactive iodine use. Recurrence-free survival was similar.

Conclusions:

Increased use of US and FNA has affected initial surgical management in the latter part of the study, possibly due to extension of adult DTC guidelines. The effects of the new pediatric DTC guidelines need further study.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B associated with assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Fernandez Monica , Zambrano Maria Jose , Riquelme Joel , Castiglioni Claudia , Kottler Marie-Laure , Jüppner Harald , Mericq Veronica
Published: September 2017

Evidence suggests an increased incidence of imprinting disorders in children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Maternal loss-of-methylation at

Established facts

Novel Insights
Multilinear Grammar: Ranks and Interpretations
Authors: Gibbon Dafydd , Griffiths Sascha
Published: September 2017

Multilinear Grammar provides a framework for integrating the many different syntagmatic structures of language into a coherent semiotically based Rank Interpretation Architecture, with default linear grammars at each rank. The architecture defines a Sui Generis Condition on ranks, from discourse through utterance and phrasal structures to the word, with its sub-ranks of morphology and phonology. Each rank has unique structures and its own semantic-pragmatic and prosodic-phonetic interpretation models. Default computational models for each rank are proposed, based on a Procedural Plausibility Condition: incremental processing in linear time with finite working memory. We suggest that the Rank Interpretation Architecture and its multilinear properties provide systematic design features of human languages, contrasting with unordered lists of key properties or single structural properties at one rank, such as recursion, which have previously been been put forward as language design features. The framework provides a realistic background for the gradual development of complexity in the phylogeny and ontogeny of language, and clarifies a range of challenges for the evaluation of realistic linguistic theories and applications. The empirical objective of the paper is to demonstrate unique multilinear properties at each rank and thereby motivate the Multilinear Grammar and Rank Interpretation Architecture framework as a coherent approach to capturing the complexity of human languages in the simplest possible way.
Numerical Analysis on Rib-Tubes of Seawater Open Rack Vaporizer With the Spoiler Lever
Authors: Houde Su , Shurong Yu , Jianling Fan , Xing Wei
Published: September 2017

In order to explore a more reasonable structure and operating parameter, guide the design and improve the gasification of seawater Open Rack Vaporizer (ORV), Research on the rules of seawater that flows and heat transfer in the ORV tube was studied in this paper. By simplifying the model, heat transfer tube model with spoiler lever was obtained and simulated, the distribution of temperature field, gas ratio, velocity field and press field in rib tube were analyzed, and different inlet velocity of LNG, roughness of the tube wall both effected on the overall gasification, the results shows that the actual gasification efficiency from heat transfer tube is higher than normal, small difference of gas ratio outlet, velocity and temperature are both lower, LNG could be easer gasified at operating temperature between -162°C~+3°C than that between -162°C~+0°C.
Research on the Maritime Communication Cryptographic Chip’s Compiler Optimization
Authors: Sheng Li , Dai Z.B.
Published: September 2017

In the process of ocean development, the technology for maritime communication system is a hot research field, of which information security is vital for the normal operation of the whole system, and that is also one of the difficulties in the research of maritime communication system. In this paper, a kind of maritime communication cryptographic SOC(system on chip) is introduced, and its compiler framework is put forward through analysis of working mode and problems faced by compiler front end. Then, a loop unrolling factor calculating algorithm based on queue theory, named UFBOQ (unrolling factor based on queue), is proposed to make parallel optimization in the compiler frontend with consideration of the instruction memory capacity limit. Finally, the scalar replacement method is used to optimize unrolled code to solve the memory access latency on the parallel computing efficiency, for continuous data storage characteristics of cryptographic algorithm. The UFBOQ algorithm and scalar replacement prove effective and appropriate, of which the effect achieves the linear speedup.
Study on Contact Between Double Metal Composite and Pipe Power Slip for Offshore Well
Authors: Yu Wang , Zhijiu Ai , Changshuai Shi , Yu Ai
Published: September 2017

The whole process of clamping offshore well double metal composite pipe was established, Reviewing the problems that in the oil and gas wells the double metal composite pipes frequently get plastic damage or even fracture failure when the power slips hold fast to the double metal composite pipe, the effect Eq. of contact area to tooth plate and double metal composite pipe was deduced, and based on the elastoplastic contact analysis theory, the theoretical Eq. was verified. For the double metal composite pipe stress, displacement and stress of drill tooth plate, influence of slip teeth plate on the double metal composite pipe damage was analyzed, The plastic damage law of the double metal composite pipe was obtained with the influence factor of the contact surface and the influence factor of the tooth crown width. the analysis showed that, The double metal composite pipe can be clamped and the contact area value of the tooth plate with the minimum damage are fixed. Several sets of teeth were produced, and then used to carry out experiments, indoor and field experiments have fully proved the accuracy of the result, The research work provides a better theoretical basis for optimal design of slip tooth plate.
Analysis and Experiments on Sea Load and Fastened Mechanics on Pipe Clamps
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Bo , Wang Tao
Published: September 2017

When an offshore oil field completed and put into production, new subsea pipelines and the new cable need to be established. Cable protection pipe clamp is used to fix cable protection pipe on the jacket. In order to avoid the problem of traditional steel structure clamp splice, counterpoint, fastening difficulty when installed cable protection pipe under water, reduce the risk and workload of under water, This paper develop a new type of portable connecting riser clamp -“backpack clamp” which solve the riser cable protection pipe difficult underwater installation problem. The main structure of backpack clamp used three valves type structure. The load characteristic of a clamping device was determined by the Morison equation which was a classical theory. Clamp device underwater mechanics analysis model was established. The minimum tension pre-tightening force was determined. The results show that the strength of the base meets the requirements after strength analysis with finite element analysis method, stability and strength experiments, which means the clamp based on resin matrix composite is feasible.
Experimental Research on Energy Release Characteristics of Water-Bearing Sandstone Alongshore Wharf
Authors: Wang Shuren , Zhao Yanhai , Zou Zhengsheng , Jia Huihui
Published: September 2017

It is important to evaluate the deformation and failure of sandstone in the foundation engineering of coast, river bank and lake shore. While the deformation and failure of sandstone is a comprehensive result of energy release and dissipation, and energy release is the internal reason which leads to global failure of the sandstone. The experimental analysis is conducted on the character of energy revolution of the sandstone specimen by rating loading and unloading, and the catastrophe model is followed in analyzing elastic strain energy accumulation and release in rock deformation and failure. The index based on elastic energy release is proposed to assess the rock brittleness. It is found that increasing water content is to relieve energy release and catastrophe failure of the rock specimen, and weakening the capacity of elastic energy storage. The peak and residual values of elastic energy are raised as the confining pressure increases, and the post-peak released energy decreases progressively. The confining pressure strengthens energy storage and inhibits energy release of the rock specimen, and saturation of rock will weaken this inhibit effect. The brittleness index decreases with increasing confining pressure as the rock specimen transforming from brittle to ductile.
Sea Ice Management for Oil and Gas Platforms in the Bohai Sea
Authors: Zhang Da-yong , Yu Song-song , Wang Yanlin , Yue Qian-jin
Published: September 2017

Bohai is a typical marginal oil field in an ice region, where most of the oil and gas platforms are economical. Sea ice is the main factor that affects the safety of oil and gas platforms in Bohai. Due to the complexity of the ice load and ice-induced vibrations, there are large security risks when developing Bohai oil and gas in the winter. It is difficult to ensure the safe production of oil and gas in winter using existing sea ice disaster warning technologies. Based on winter oil and gas production in the Bohai Sea’s Liaodong Bay, a set of suitable sea ice management systems is proposed in this paper. These systems integrate sea ice monitoring, risk assessment and risk prediction technologies. Based on the risk warning system, an ice management model of a Bohai ice platform has been put into practice, which ensures the safe production of the platform in winter.
Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide
Authors: Gloukhovski Robert , Freger Viatcheslav , Tsur Yoed
Published: September 2017

Composite membranes based on porous support membranes filled with a proton-conducting polymer appear to be a promising approach to develop novel proton exchange membranes (PEMs). It allows optimization of the properties of the filler and the matrix separately, e.g. for maximal conductivity of the former and maximal physical strength of the latter. In addition, the confinement itself can alter the properties of the filling ionomer, e.g. toward higher conductivity and selectivity due to alignment and restricted swelling. This article reviews the literature on PEMs prepared by filling of submicron and nanometric size pores with Nafion and other proton-conductive polymers. PEMs based on alternating perfluorinated and non-perfluorinated polymer systems and incorporation of fillers are briefly discussed too, as they share some structure/transport relationships with the pore-filling PEMs. We also review here the background knowledge on structural and transport properties of Nafion and proton-conducting polymers in general, as well as experimental methods concerned with preparation and characterization of pore-filling membranes. Such information will be useful for preparing next-generation composite membranes, which will allow maximal utilization of beneficial characteristics of polymeric proton conductors and understanding the complicated structure/transport relationships in the pore-filling composite PEMs.
Libyen: Warum die NATO nicht an allem Schuld ist
Authors: Gaub Florence
Published: September 2017

Kurzfassung:

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Kritik an dem NATO Einsatz Unified Protector in Libyen im Sommer 2011. Er setzt sich mit den fünf hauptsächlichen Argumenten der Kritiker auseinander. Diese sind: (1) Der Konflikt zwischen Bürgern und Regierung sei von außen induziert worden, (2) das Gaddafi Regime hätte den Konflikt politisch oder militärisch lösen können, wenn es nicht zur Intervention der NATO gekommen wäre, (3) das Gaddafi-Regime habe keine Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit begangen, tatsächlich sei es das Ziel der NATO gewesen Gaddafi zu stürzen; (4) die NATO habe mit den Luftangriffe das Land zerstört und Tausende Bürger getötet, und (5) die NATO habe keinen Plan für die Zeit nach Gaddafi gehabt und habe daher das Land lediglich ins Chaos gestürzt. Keines dieser Argumente hält einer kritischen Prüfung stand.
Building Information Modeling as a Tool for Enhancing Disaster Resilience of the Construction Industry
Authors: Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: September 2017

As frequencies of the disasters are increasing, new technologies can be used to enhance disaster resilience performance of the construction industry. This paper investigates the usage of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in enhancing disaster resilience of the construction industry and in the establishment of the resilient built environment. In-depth literature review findings reveal BIM’s contribution to the disaster resilience in the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases especially through influencing the performance of the supply chain, construction process, and rescue operations. This paper emphasises the need for BIM’s integration to the education and training curriculums of the built environment professionals. Policy makers, construction professionals, professional bodies, academics can benefit from this research.
Hydro Power Development and Its Impacts on the Habitats and Diversity of Montane Birds of Western Himalayas
Authors: Jolli V.
Published: September 2017

The montane forest ecosystems of Western Himalayas are under severe anthropogenic pressure because of hydro-electric project (HEP) development. Several studies have highlighted downstream effects of HEP, but there is no information on the effects of HEP-building activities on upstream fauna. In particular, studies on upstream Himalayan montane ecosystems and fauna around dams are lacking. I investigated effects of dam-building activities on bird communities in Indian Western Himalayas. I studied the response of bird communities along a disturbance gradient with the aim to identify key factors influencing their distribution. I surveyed primary and secondary montane forests, agricultural lands, and dam-affected (disturbed) habitats. Response variables included total avifaunal and woodland species richness and abundance, which were estimated by point-count surveys. Explanatory variables included tree and shrub density, canopy cover, disturbance intensity, and elevation. Bird species richness was higher in undisturbed and lesser disturbed sites, lower in agricultural sites, and lowest in HEP-affected sites. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that canopy cover, shrub density, and disturbance influenced species distribution; woodland birds significantly negatively responded to dam-building activities. Th e study has shown that dam-building activity has negatively affected montane birds. I propose that increasing shrub and tree cover in dam-disturbed sites would minimise losses of avian habitats.
Ecological Spectra of the Most Abundant Lumbricid (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Species of the Central Ukrainian (Polissia)
Authors: Khomyak I. V. , Onischuk I. P. , Kotsyuba I. Yu.
Published: September 2017

Distribution of species in earthworm communities under the influence of basic environmental factors was established using phytoindication methods. We described the environmental spectrum for lumbricid certain species. A. roseа and A. сaliginosа are identified as everytopic species, E. tetraedrais is rather everytopic than stenotopic. D. octaedra and De. rubidus are stenotopic.
Unique and Interactive Associations Between Maltreatment and Complex Emotion Recognition Deficits and Psychopathic Traits in an Undergraduate Sample
Authors: Waller Rebecca , McCabe Hannah K. , Dotterer Hailey L. , Neumann Craig S. , Hyde Luke W.
Published: September 2017

Psychopathy is defined by affective and interpersonal deficits, deviant lifestyle, and antisocial behaviors. Poor recognition of emotions and childhood maltreatment are two risk factors implicated in psychopathy. The current study examined whether childhood maltreatment and complex emotion recognition deficits showed unique and interactive associations with psychopathic traits among 261 undergraduate students. Results indicate that maltreatment was related to higher general psychopathy scores within a bifactor model comprising a general psychopathy factor and four specific factors tapping underlying dimensions of psychopathy (i.e., affective, interpersonal, lifestyle, and antisocial). A significant interaction emerged whereby maltreatment was related to higher antisocial factor scores among individuals showing poor recognition of positive emotions. In an intriguing interaction, more maltreatment was related to lower interpersonal factor scores among individuals with low/mean levels of neutral emotion recognition. The interaction of positive emotion recognition deficits and maltreatment highlights a potential intervention target among antisocial individuals who have experienced maltreatment.
Conditional Deletion of the L-Type Calcium Channel Cav1.2 in NG2-Positive Cells Impairs Remyelination in Mice
Authors: Santiago González Diara A. , Cheli Veronica T. , Zamora Norma N. , Lama Tenzing N. , Spreuer Vilma , Murphy Geoffrey G. , Paez Pablo M.
Published: September 2017

Exploring the molecular mechanisms that drive the maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) during the remyelination process is essential to developing new therapeutic tools to intervene in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. To determine whether L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) are required for OPC development during remyelination, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the L-VGCC isoform Cav1.2 was deleted in NG2-positive OPCs (Cav1.2KO). Using the cuprizone (CPZ) model of demyelination and mice of either sex, we establish that Cav1.2 deletion in OPCs leads to less efficient remyelination of the adult brain. Specifically, Cav1.2KOOPCs mature slower and produce less myelin than control oligodendrocytes during the recovery period after CPZ intoxication. This reduced remyelination was accompanied by an important decline in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and in the rate of OPC proliferation. Furthermore, during the remyelination phase of the CPZ model, the corpus callosum of Cav1.2KOanimals presented a significant decrease in the percentage of myelinated axons and a substantial increase in the mean g-ratio of myelinated axons compared with controls. In addition, in a mouse line in which the Cav1.2KOOPCs were identified by aCrereporter, we establish that Cav1.2KOOPCs display a reduced maturational rate through the entire remyelination process. These results suggest that Ca2+influx mediated by L-VGCCs in oligodendroglial cells is necessary for normal remyelination and is an essential Ca2+channel for OPC maturation during the remyelination of the adult brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIon channels implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation may induce positive signals for myelin recovery. Voltage-gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs) are important for normal myelination by acting at several critical steps during oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) development. To determine whether voltage Ca2+entry is involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination, we used a conditional knockout mouse for VGCCs in OPCs. Our results indicate that VGCCs can modulate oligodendrocyte maturation in the demyelinated brain and suggest that voltage-gated Ca2+influx in OPCs is critical for remyelination. These findings could lead to novel approaches for obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control OPC maturation in order to stimulate this pool of progenitors to replace myelin in demyelinating diseases.
River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: the potential roles of fluvial sediment starvation and other factors
Authors: Besset Manon , Anthony Edward J. , Sabatier François
Published: September 2017

The Mediterranean basin (including the Black Sea) is characterized by a plethora of deltas that have developed in a wave-influenced setting. Many of these deltas are sourced in sediments by river catchments that have been variably dammed. The vulnerability status of a selection of ten deltas subject to different levels of reduction in fluvial sediment supply following damming was analysed by quantifying changes in delta protrusion area and protrusion angle over the last 30 years. The rationale for choosing these two metrics, which do not require tricky calculations of longshore bedload transport volumes and river ‘influence’, is that as sediment supply wanes, increasing relative efficiency of waves leads to longshore redistribution of reworked sediments and progressive ‘flattening’ of the delta protrusion. The results show that eight of the ten deltas (Nile, Rhône, Ebro, Ceyhan, Arno, Ombrone, Moulouya, Medjerda) are in erosion, whereas two (Danube, Po) show stability, but the statistical relationship between change in delta protrusion area and sediment flux reduction is poor, thus suggesting that the role of dams in causing delta shoreline erosion may have been over-estimated. But this poor relationship could also be due to a long temporal lag between dam construction and bedload removal and transport to the coast downstream of dams, and, where the delta protrusion is being eroded, to bedload trapping by shoreline engineering structures and by elongating delta-flank spits. Other potential influential factors in shoreline change include subsidence, sea-level rise, storminess, exceptional river floods, and managed sediment releases downstream of dams. A longer observation period and high-resolution sediment-budget studies will be necessary to determine more definitively to which extent continued trapping of sediment behind dams will impact overall delta stability in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Mitigation of delta erosion is likely to become costlier under continued sediment starvation and sea-level rise.
La profesionalización de las campañas presidenciales del Partido Revolucionario Institucional en México
Authors: Díaz Jiménez Oniel Francisco
Published: September 2017

Este artículo se centra en un aspecto comparativamente poco estudiado de la literatura sobre política en México relativo al análisis de los cambios significativos en la organización, las tácticas y las estrategias de campaña del Partido Revolucionario Institucional en elecciones presidenciales (denominados usualmente como profesionalización de las campañas) que han ocurrido durante las últimas dos décadas, y explora sus causas. El estudio muestra que la profesionalización de las campañas del PRI no sólo dependió de cambios a gran escala en el sistema político y en el sistema de medios de comunicación durante los noventas, sino también de los recursos y las características organizativas del partido (factores específicos al partido).
Un día con el candidato: del discurso público a la vida privada del actor político
Authors: Galindo Arranz Fermín , Ruíz San Miguel Francisco Javier , Ruíz Blanco Sonia
Published: September 2017

La presente investigación aborda un estudio cualitativo del formato Un día con el candidato a través de cuatro reportajes aparecidos en la prensa vasca con motivo de las elecciones al Parlamento Vasco de 2012, con el objeto de observar el impacto de dicho tipo de reportajes en la comunicación política. Por tanto, se tiene en cuenta el carácter absolutamente excepcional del tipo de información que se ofrece en estos trabajos periodísticos sobre los candidatos en los que veremos cómo se intenta ofrecer una imagen de los mismos más cercana, obviando el discurso público para centrarse en otros focos de interés como son la importancia de una vida sana, sus deportes y/o aficiones o su pertenencia a organizaciones gubernamentales, entre otros aspectos de su vida privada.
Plebiscito por la paz en Colombia, una disputa política más allá del contenido de los acuerdos
Authors: Verjel Torrado Julián José
Published: September 2017

El presente trabajo investigativo es una aproximación a un modelo explicativo de los factores que influyeron en la decisión de voto de los colombianos en el Plebiscito de Refrendación de los acuerdos de paz entre gobierno y FARC. Gracias al uso de la estadística aplicada a las ciencias sociales se establece la correlación existente entre la opción de voto de los ciudadanos con la identificación Partidaria y el liderazgo político, generando así una aproximación científica que ayuda a explicar el comportamiento de voto de los colombianos en dicha elección. El estudio aborda planteamientos de tipo psicológico y sociológico de la escuela de Michigan acerca del comportamiento político, así como también un análisis del uso del discurso negativo como elemento desmovilizador y el manejo de temas en la contienda electoral.
PATRÓN DE CRECIMIENTO DE LA ECONOMÍA PERUANA
Authors: Castro Herrera Patricia
Published: September 2017

La política de estabilización económica que inició el gobierno de Alan García estuvo marcada por dos influencias principales. La primera fue la idea de la "pirámide social", cuyo análisis se basaba en la idea de una gran pirámide cuyos niveles representaban los distintos estratos de la sociedad peruana, y la segunda, fue la experiencia del Plan Austral, que en aquel momento estaba dándole grandes réditos políticos al presidente de Argentina Raúl Alfonsín.
El estrés calórico afecta el comportamiento reproductivo y el desarrollo embrionario temprano en bovinos
Authors: Molina-Coto Roger
Published: September 2017

La ganadería bovina no se encuentra exenta de sufrir las consecuencias ambientales y en específico del fenómeno de cambio climático. Existe evidencia que en los últimos años las temperaturas están aumentando a nivel global. El bovino es un animal que tiene la capacidad de regular su temperatura corporal, sin embargo, cuando se encuentra en un ambiente fuera de su zona de confort comienza a experimentar retos metabólicos que generan consecuencias negativas a nivel productivo y reproductivo. En el caso de la reproducción de la hembra bovina, es claro que existen múltiples factores que se pueden ver afectados por estrés calórico, las cuales, en conjunto, conllevan a disminución de la fertilidad. Bajo condiciones de estrés calórico, la intensidad y duración del estro disminuye, a nivel ovárico se han encontrado consecuencias en la dinámica de ondas foliculares y alteración en la concentración de hormonas como estrógenos y progesterona. Esto afecta la competencia del ovocito y por tanto la tasa de concepción. A nivel embrionario los primeros estadios son vulnerables al estrés calórico y conforme se va desarrollando el embrión va adquiriendo tolerancia a dichas condiciones, sin embargo, la señal de reconocimiento materno fetal por parte del trofoblasto embrionario es débil. En general, el estrés calórico afecta la calidad del ovocito y produce pérdidas embrionarias tempranas que disminuyen la fertilidad de la vaca. Esta revisión describe las interrelaciones de los principales factores involucrados en la reproducción de la hembra bovina que son afectados por el estrés calórico.
Avaliação do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre as metas internacionais de segurança do paciente em uma unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Souza Maria Nathália Da Silva , Gouveia Viviane De Araújo
Published: September 2017

Justificativa: A qualidade de assistência hospitalar prestada ao paciente e a segurança em sua estadia no local, desencadeou discussões acerca do assunto em todo o mundo após a análise de estudos epidemiológicos realizados nos EUA que teve como conclusão o alto índice de eventos adversos em âmbito hospitalar ocasionados por erro profissional, com isso a temática ganhou forças e motivaram discussões sobre os modelos assistenciais aplicados aos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento da Equipe de Enfermagem do setor de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público de Recife-PE sobre as Metas Internacionais da Segurança do Paciente. Métodos: Estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa descritiva, realizado no período de junho a agosto de 2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário semiestruturado que abordou aspectos sociais e profissionais dos pesquisados. As variáveis estudadas: o gênero, idade, categoria profissional e tempo de formação. Os dados foram analisados em software epiinfo versão 3.2.2. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 50 profissionais, sendo 18% Enfermeiros e 82% técnicos de Enfermagem. A maioria dos pesquisados acertaram mais que 50% das perguntas sobre as metas internacionais de segurança do paciente e possuem mais de um vinculo empregatício. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a falta de capacitação, sobrecarga de trabalho e mais de um vinculo empregatício podem contribuir para uma assistência profissional precária.
Palavras-Chaves: Segurança do Paciente; Enfermagem; Gerenciamento de segurança; Unidade de terapia intensiva.
Beta-cell Insufficiency
Authors: Kalra Sanjay ,   Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India, Gupta Yashdeep ,   Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Published: September 2017

‘B eta-cell failure’ is a frequently used term to describe the structural and functional inability of the cells to fulfil their metabolic responsibility. This editorial reviews the anatomy and physiology of the beta cell, and describes factors which regulate this. The authors focus on semantics, comparing the phrases ‘beta-cell failure’, ‘functional mass’, and ‘beta-cell insufficiency’. They suggest the use of ‘beta-cell insufficiency’, with descriptors such as ‘partial’ and ‘complete’, or ‘reversible’ and ‘irreversible’, to convey betacell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. A three-phase taxonomic structure: beta-cell sufficiency, partial/reversible beta-cell insufficiency and complete/irreversible beta-cell insufficiency, is proposed as a tool to understand pathophysiology and facilitate therapeutic decision-making.
The Vildagliptin Experience – 25 Years Since the Initiation of the Novartis Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Based Therapy Programme and 10 Years Since the First Vildagliptin Registration
Authors: Foley James E ,   Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, US, Ahrén Bo ,   Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, US
Published: September 2017

The discovery of the incretin hormone glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and its usefulness in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) followed by the finding that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition prevents GLP-1 inactivation, led to the discovery of DPP-728. In 1999, studies with DPP-728 established the first proof-of-concept that DPP-4 inhibition improves glycaemic control in patients with T2DM. Further efforts to improve the binding kinetics of DPP-728 resulted in the discovery of vildagliptin (LAF237). In the last 20 years, a plethora of studies conducted by Novartis in collaboration with external investigators has demonstrated the mechanism of action of vildagliptin and its efficacy as monotherapy and as an add-on therapy for patients with T2DM. The studies establish that vildagliptin is a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that blocks GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation, thereby prolonging their action, resulting in improved glycaemic control. This review aims to discuss the discovery and development of vildagliptin, with an emphasis on mechanism of action and clinical efficacy.
Numerical simulations of dynamic loads in aviation combined pumps
Authors: Klimenko D. V. , Timushev S. F. , Firsov V. P. , Antyukhov I. V.
Published: September 2017

Modern cryostatting systems find important applications in power and space transportation systems. The cryostatting system is a closed hydraulic loop for the thermal management and control of thermal modes of supercon- ducting cable lines, cryogenic rocket and space units fuel tanks. The working medium is liquid nitrogen. One of the main components of such a system is the criorefrigirator. In the criorefrigirator compression scheme is used with following expansion of neon in the turboexpander, machine with gas-static bearings. Urgent task in the design phase is to determine the pressure fluc- tuations in the flow of the turbo expander and dynamic loading of the struc- ture. This paper presents the numerical simulation of unsteady gas-dynamic processes in the turbo expander radial turbine flow. Expansion turbine con- sists of mounted on the same shaft the radial turbine impeller and centrifugal compressor first stage, that also serves as a gas-dynamic brake. Gas is fed to the expander casing through two pipelines. Further, it is accelerated in the nozzle cascade and enters the turbine impeller blades. After expansion and reduction the temperature, the exhaust gas passes through the axial diffuser. Rotor speed is 25,200 rev / min. The geometry of the computational domain is developed in order to capture the main features of the flow in the working fluid cavity, including the geometry of fourteen working blades and eight vanes of the nozzle cascade. The computational domain is divided into three subregions: the casing of the nozzle cascade, rotor and exhaust part. The problem is solved with the use of so-called sliding surfaces which serve for transmitting the data from the rotor, where the calculation is carried out in a rotating coordinate system into the stator zone accounting an angular dis- placement and sub-grid interpolation. Time step chosen from the condition to ensure the angular displacement in one time step within a single cell of the computational grid. The instantaneous velocity, pressure, temperature and Mach number fields are obtained with calculations. Few points in the nozzle vane channel oblique zones are selected to fix pressure pulsations. The spectral analysis of the data reveal that the tonal component with blades passing frequency dominates the spectra of pressure pulsations, its ampli- tude is above 7000 Pa. Calculation of loading on nozzle blade gives the am- plitude of force 2 N and amplitude of momentum 0.03 N m
Exploring the Concept of Integrity—Toward a CraftInspired Interpretation
Authors: Thomassen Ole Jacob , Strand Roger , Heggen Kristin
Published: September 2017

The concept of integrity is used as a psychosocial concept to describe tensions and dilemmas experienced by professional and semi-professional workers in a neoliberal working life. In Norway, the concept has even been included in the Working Environment Act. In general terms, the concept refers to the degree to which professionals experience that their internalized professional standards can be realized. While supporting the general relevance of integrity as an important concept for assessing an important psychosocial challenge in Nordic working life, we propose that integrity should not be addressed as a psychological phenomenon. We suggest that it in line with a more sociological orientation is addressed as a craft issue. This interpretation is inspired by Richard Sennett’s concept of craftwork. Understanding integrity as a craft phenomenon inspires workplace critique within neoliberal work organizations
Combustion of Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Oil on the Surface of the Water and Possible Applications of Combustion Method at Sea
Authors: Mansurov Z. , Lesbayev B. , Smagulova G. , Kulekeev Zh. , Nurtaeva G.
Published: September 2017

Oil production in sea conditions is associated with certain difficulties of the field development process due to technological peculiarities of oil production at sea. The Caspian Sea is an enclosed pond with a very sensitive ecosystem, therefore, maritime operations here meet higher requirements than in open ponds. The uniqueness of the Caspian Sea is in the fact that its biological wealth has no analogues in the world, therefore, mining without complying with strict ecological requirements can cause irreparable harm to the environment. This work deals with the analysis of the possibility to use controlled combustion in situ in case of accidents on the Kashagan oil field which is located in the Caspian Sea. The Kashagan oil field is distinguished by a high content of hydrogen sulphide. In order to study the operational possibilities of oil combustion in situ, the process of evaporation and combustion of desulfurized oil from the Kashagan field depending on salinity of water was studied in this work. The process of evaporation of hydrogen sulphide from hydrogen sulphide-containing oil and the peculiarities of its combustion on water surface were studied in this work. It has been stated that the main difference in oil combustion with a high content of hydrogen sulphide is that the oil combustion process leads to the increase of sulfur concentration in oil residue after combustion.
Modification of Hydrolysis Lignin by Hydrogen Peroxide to Obtain an Effective Adsorbent of Highly Toxic Rocket Fuel
Authors: Kozhevnikov A. , Semushina M. , Podrukhina E. , Kosyakov D.
Published: September 2017

Lignin, a large scale by-product of papermaking and bioethanol production, is applied now in various fields. One of the main areas of use is in the development of different adsorbents, including those intended for detoxification of the spills of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine-based rocket fuel. The present work has shown the possibility of oxidative modification of hydrolytic lignin by hydrogen peroxide to improve the efficiency of the adsorbent. The change in functional composition of the modified adsorbent was studied by IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the oxidative treatment led to an increase in the content of carbonyl and carboxyl groups, which act as the active adsorption centres for hydrazine molecules. The optimum oxidation conditions were found. An increase in treatment duration from 15 to 120 min and in concentration of hydrogen peroxide from 6 to 30% did not have a significant effect on the functional composition and adsorption properties of lignin.
New Anti-Infective Preparations of Naphthyloxypropargylpiperidine Series
Authors: Sadyrbayeva F. , Akhmetova G. , Praliyev K. , Osman H. , Korotetskaya N.
Published: September 2017

1-alkyl-4-(3-naphthyloxyprop-1-ynyl)piperidine-4-ols have been obtained by the condensation of 1-alkyl-pipieridin-4-ones with 1- and 2-naphthoxypropines by the Favorsky method in absolute diethylether, in the presence of powered technical KОН, under atmospheric pressure. Acylation of tertiary naphthoxypropynyl piperidols by cyclopropanecarbonylchloride has been carried out in order to introduce a cyclopropanecarbonyl fragment into the structures of naphthoxypropargylpiperidines. The obtained esters of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid represent crystalline substances with the definite melting temperature, very soluble in water, ethanol, acetone. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by the data of elemental analysis, IR-spectroscopy, NMR-spectroscopy, the identity has been confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. The compounds under the code AIP (anti-infective preparation) have been studied for an antimicrobial activity in relation to museum microbial strains. The effects of these preparations have been assessed in vitro in relation to Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538- P. It has been found that the compounds AIP-30 and AIP-31 possess an antimicrobial activity in relation to all strains of microorganisms, engaged in the experiment. AIP- 30 and AIP-31 have antimicrobial effects to different extents, AIP-30 has displayed the highest activity in relation to the museum strain Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 in the concentration of 250 μg/ml. It has been established that AIP-32 displays a selective antimicrobial activity towards one type, and AIP-33 ‒ towards two types of the museum strains, engaged in the experiment.