bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Electroencephalographic Pattern and Short-Term Outcome to Treatment in Infantile Spasm: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nahar Sumi Most Samsun , Sultana Razia , Khatun Sufia , Jahan Chowdhury Mohammad Shah , Hussain Mohammad Enayet , Chowdhury Rajib Nayan , Saha Narayan
Published: January 2023

Background: Infantile spasms (epileptic spasm) is an epileptic encephalopathy with unique clinical and electrographic features, which affects children mostly in the middle of the first year of life.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and electroencephalographic profile and short-term outcome in infantile spasm.

Methodology: This was a randomized controlled trial study done in Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Institute of Neuroscience & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The patient of infantile spasm aged 2 months to 2 years were enrolled in the study from June 2017 to May 2018. With parent’s written informed consent, they were randomized into two groups, 25 in each. One group got ACTH only and another group got both ACTH and vigabatrin. Detailed history including seizure pattern was taken. EEG was done before and after2 -3 weeks of starting treatment. They were followed up at 8, 15, 43 days.

Results: The mean age of onset of seizure (mean ±SD) was 7.24±4.13 (2 to 19) month on hormonal therapy and 6.84±5.89 (2 to 22) month on combination therapy. Most patient had history of perinatal birth asphyxia, developmental delay, seizure pattern was flexor spasm and EEG pattern were predominantly classical hypsarrhythmia in both groups. After treatment cessation of spasms occurred between 14 to 42 days in 72.0% in combination therapy and 44% in hormonal therapy (P value=0.045). EEG became normal in 60.0% and 32.0% patients in combination and hormonal therapy respectively (P value =0.047).

Conclusion: In conclusion combination therapy of ACTH hormone plus vigabatrin has better than ACTH therapy alone in cessation of clinical spasms and electroencephalographic remission.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):130-135
Complications Associated with Nasogastric Tube Feeding among Stroke Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman GM Hafizur , Siddiq Amanullah Bin , Ul Taslima Al Asma , Mustafijur Rahman Hossain Muhammad , Ahmed Faruque
Published: January 2023

Background: Many stroke patients develop swallowing difficulty and require nasogastric feeding for the maintenance of nutrition.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the complications of nasogastric tube feeding practice on stroke patients.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2014 to September 2014 in the Department of Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Adult patients aged between 18 to 70 years with stroke was enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of stroke was established by the clinical presentation and neuroimaging. Patients requiring nasogastric tube feeding was included in the study and were systematically examined for any complications related to use of nasogastric tube. Their caregivers were also thoroughly interviewed using a standard pre formed questionnaire regarding any complications as well.

Results: Of the 100 patients studied, most common age group for stroke was 51 to 60 years (53.0%). Male to female ratio was 2.22:1. In this study population, 63.0% patients had ischaemic stroke; 26.0% had haemorrhagic stroke; 9.0% population had subarachnoid haemorrhage. The most common indication for NG feeding was difficulty in swallowing (39.0%). Other common indications were semi-consciousness (26%), unconsciousness (22.0%), inability to maintain feed (10.0%). Around 71.0% of the patients had complications from NG tube feeding. Out of them, 53.0% of the patients had nasal irritation, 40.0% patients developed aspiration pneumonia. 38.0% of the patients developed diarrhea, 53.0% had tube blockage. 43.0% of the patients had electrolyte imbalance and tube displacement, 18.0% of the patients were malnourished.

Conclusion: In conclusion nasogastric tube feeding is associated with various complications which can increase the morbidities in stroke patients.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):136-142
Comparison of In-Hospital Complications among Patients with Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Bhuiyan AKM Mohiuddin , Hasan KAM Mahbub , Saha Partha Pratim , Fathema Sayeda Sadia , Biplob Najmul Huda
Published: January 2023

Background: Patients with right ventricular infarction is a critical condition and may cause adverse cardiac events.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the in-hospital complications among patients with right ventricular infarction based on TIMI risk score.

Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2007 to April 2008 for a period of one year. All the patients who were admitted into the coronary care unit of NICVD with acute inferior myocardial infarction with or without anterior myocardial infarction were selected as study population. Inclusion Criteria were patients admitted in CCU (NICVD) with acute inferior myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the extent of TIMI risk score. Patients with low TIMI risk score (0 to 3) were included in Group I and patients with high TIMI risk-score (4 to 14) were include in group II. Patients were followed up in their hospital stay to see the incidence of major cardiac events.

Results: A total number of 60 patients with right ventricular infarction of which 30 consecutive patients with low TIMI risk score (0 to 3) were in Group I and 30 consecutive patients with high TIMI risk score (4 to 14) were in Group II. In-hospital mortality was 18.3% in the study populations and it was significantly higher in group II (33.3%) than group (3.3%). The next most common complication is cardiogenic shock followed by complete heart block, Cardiac arrest, VT and 2nd degree heart block.

Conclusion: In conclusion the in-hospital mortality in the study populations is significantly higher in group II than group I

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):143-146
Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Amin Talukder Md Faruq , Islam Md Nazrul , Fidalillah Ansary Eusha Ahmad , Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Hossain Md Bellal , Naznin Rawshon , Chowdhury Md Nizamuddin
Published: January 2023

Background: Serological status of thyroid hormones is important among chronic kidney disease patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the status of thyroid hormones among chronic kidney disease patients.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done From January 2013 to December 2013 in the Department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A total of 50 diagnosed cases of adult male with different stages of CKD (CKD stage 3, 4, 5 and 5D) patients along with age-matched 51 healthy individuals were included. Serum Thyroid hormone T3 done by [1251] RIA kit, T4 done by T4 [1251] RIA kit, TSH level done by Turbo TSH [1251] IRMA kit.

Result: A total number of 101 patients were recruited for this study of which 51 cases were in the group A and the rest of the 50 cases were in the group B. The mean serum T3 level was found 1.85±0.7 nmoL/L in group A and 2.79±0.55 nmoL/L in group B (p<0.05) which indicated that low serum T3 level was significantly associated with CKD. The mean serum T4 level was found 104.65±34.9 nmol/L in group A and 138.8±31.5 nmol/L in group B (p<0.05). Serum TSH level of the study patients showed that the mean serum TSH level was found 4.23±4.6 mIU/L in group A and 2.06±2.5mIU/L in group B (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion the mean with SD of serum level of T3, T4 and TSH were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):147-151
Comparison of Interlukin-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Complement-3 Levels among Bangladeshi Pregnant Women with or without Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Authors: Sultana Rabeya , Parvin Niilufa , Deb Paroma , Munshi Saif Ullah , Tabassum Shahina
Published: January 2023

Background: Several plasma proteins are proposed as biomarkers for acute HEV infected patients, but have not been validated among pregnant Bangladeshi women infected with HEV.

Objective: In this present study, levels of interlukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and complement-3 (C3) were measured among HEV infected pregnant women and were compared with pregnant and HEV infected women.

Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women who were admitted to the Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Department of Hepatology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh for 1 year period. The study population included acute HEV infected pregnant women (HEV-P), healthy pregnant women (HPC) and HEV-infected non-pregnant women (HEV-NP) of the same age group. Interlukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and complement 3(C3) levels were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and turbidometry, respectively.

Result: A total number of 81 women were recruited for this study of which 31 cases were acute HEV infected pregnant women (HEV-P); 25 cases were healthy pregnant women (HPC) and 25 cases were HEV infected non-pregnant women (HEV-NP) of the same age group. The mean levels with SD of the C3 level showed significant difference (P; 0.05) between groups of HEV-P (67.73±38.24 mg/dl), HEV-NP (147.9±22.28 mg/dl) and HPC (182.6±17.49 mg/dl). Though plasma TNF-α did not show any significant change (P; .05) in any of the groups, the IL-10 level was elevated significantly (p; 0.05) in HEV infected pregnant patients (0.187±0.3 ng/ml) then the non-pregnant HEV patients (0.027 + .08 ng/ml) and pregnant women group (0.012±0.04 ng/ml).

Conclusion: In conclusion, increased levels of C3 and IL-10 observed in HEV infected pregnant women.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):157-161
Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Abdominal Tuberculosis Patients attended at Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: E Khuda Iftekhar Md Kudrat , Momotaj Mst Tanjila , Ahmed Sk Shamim , Ahmed Sk Shamim , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Khatun Mosammat Khadiza , Alom Md Ashraful , Islam Md Nazrul , Islam Rafiqul
Published: January 2023

Background: The socio-demographic profiles may vary among the abdominal tuberculosis patients. Objectives: The purpose of the presents study was to see the socio-demographic characteristics of abdominal tuberculosis patients.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgery of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January 2014 to December 2015 for two years. This study included 100 patients who were admitted in surgery units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh who were diagnosed as abdominal tuberculosis with or without associated pulmonary or nodal TB. Both male and female patients of any age except pediatric age group irrespective of nutritional and socio-economic status were included in study population. The details of demographic variables like age, sex, residence and so one were recorded in a data collection sheet.

Results: A total number of 100 cases of abdominal tuberculosis patients were recruited for this. Among the 100 cases 52% was within 20 to 30 years of age. The male and female ratio was 2.45:1. Maximum cases (68.0%) were living in rural area. About 82 cases were from lower socio-economic group.

Conclusion: In conclusion young adult male with low socio-economic condition are most commonly suffering from abdominal tuberculosis.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):162-166
Clinico-Demographic characteristics of Patients Presented with exudative Pleural Effusion
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Syed Mahnaz , Ayub Ansary Abdullah Md Abu , Sarwar Shahana , Bahauddin Md , Mohith Muhammad Tanvir
Published: January 2023

Background: Pleural effusion can occur with varied clinical presentations.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the demographic characteristics and clinical profiles of patients presented with exudative pleural effusion.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at medicine indoor department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet over a period of six month from October 2009 to March 2010. Patients who were admitted with pleural effusion were selected as the study population. Pleural fluid was collected by a physician. The laboratory tests were performed in the Department of Laboratory medicine of the Hospital. The details history of age, sex, socio-economic condition, clinical features were collected from the patients.

Results: A total of 50 cases were selected consecutively in the study. The mean age of the patients was 44.5±12.86 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Over half of the patients (54.0%) was poor; 32.0% cases was middle class and 14.0% cases was rich. Low-rade fever (92.0%), cough (86.0%), weight loss (74.0%) and dyspnoea (56.0%) were found as the most common symptoms of exudative pleural effusion.

Conclusion: In conclusion middle age adult male living in poor socio-sconomic condition are most commonly suffering from exudative pleural effusion.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):167-170
Evaluation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography to differentiate Odontogenic Periapical Cysts and Granulomas
Authors: Soma Sharmin Aktar , Akhtar Mst Mousumi , Begum Shahida , Haque Mohammad Ahtashamul , Akter Mahmuda , Mamun Showkat , Kabir KM Ahsan
Published: January 2023

Background: Cone-beam Computed Tomography is a useful diagnostic tools for the detection of odontogenic peripheral cysts and granulomas.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of CBCT for diagnosing periapical cyst and granuloma.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2017 to November 2017. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria consecutive patients who were consult in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Dhaka Dental College Hospital and Bangabandhu Seikh Mujib Medical University for periapical infection was selected. Only those patients showing a periapical lesion of minimum 5 mm size was included in the study subject. Intra-oral periapical radiograph showing criteria was presence of apical radiolucency of 5 mm, corticated borders and displacements of roots. The CBCT images were done for those patients. The following features were documented on CBCT like location at the apex of involved tooth, well defined corticated border, shape is curved or circular, internal structure of lesion is radiolucent, displacement and resorption of the roots of adjacent teeth with a curved outline and perforation of cortical plate. Histopathological specimens were obtained for microscopic examination. The findings of histopathological examinations were correlated with the findings of CBCT.

Results: Out of 50 subjects, 41(82.0%) subjects were diagnosed as cyst and 9(18.0%) subjects were as granuloma. Postoperative histopathology revealed 37 out of 41 were cysts and 4 were granulomas. Out of 9 granulomas 3 were cysts and 6 were granulomas. In this study we found the PPV 90.2439 and NPV 66.66. Diagnostic Accuracy was measured by calculating TP, TN and total population. The accuracy was 86%.

Conclusion: In conclusion Cone-beam Computed Tomography has high accuracy of CBCT for diagnosing periapical cyst and granuloma.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):171-174
Comparison of Self-Tapping Screws Versus Erich’s Arch Bar Wiring for Occlusion Maintenance in the Surgical Management of Mandibular Fracture: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Begum Shahida , Ahmed Toufiqua , Hossain Mohammad Azmal , Akhtar Mst Mousumi , Akter Mahmuda , Soma Sharmin Aktar , Kamruzzaman Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Background: Conventional methods like Erich’s arch bars and eyelet wires are currently most common methods for achieving temporary inter-maxillary fixation (IMF).

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Self-tapping screws over Erich’s arch bar wiring for inter maxillary fixation in the treatment of mandibular fractures.

Methodology: This was a randomized control trial study. Study duration was one year from October 2014 to September 2015. This study involved patients with mandibular fractures aged 22 to 65 years who visited Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. After random sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria surgical treatment was done by miniplate osteosynthesis. Study population were divided into two groups. In group A, temporary MMF was done with Erich’s arch bar and in group B treatment was given with self-tapping screws. The study outcomes were total time required for achieving temporary MMF, number of wire stick injury, stability of occlusion and oral hygiene index. All the parameters were measured preoperatively and postoperatively for 14 days up to removal of screws or arch bars.

Results: The mean time taken for temporary MMF was 11.31±2.46 min with screws as compared to 84.72±14.30 min with Erich’s arch bar. Mean number of perforations were significantly more in group A. Occlusion stability was 69.2% in group A and 84.6% in group B. The mean value of plaque index in group A was 2.85±0.25 and in group B was 1.15± 0.16.

Conclusion: In conclusion, plaque deposition was more in group A.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):175-180
Effect of Mandibular Third Molar Presence and Position on the Risk of Mandibular Angle Fracture
Authors: Akhtar Mst Mousumi , Haque Mohammad Ahtashamul , Soma Sharmin Aktar , Begum Shahida , Gain Sumanta Kumar , Mamun Showkat , Kabir KM Ahsan
Published: January 2023

Background: Mandibular third molar presence and position may have an effect on the risk of mandibular angle fracture.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the effect of mandibular third molar presence and position on the risk of mandibular angle fracture.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four centers in Bangladesh from July 2009 to June 2010 for a period of one year. The mandibular angle fractured patients were selected for the study. The medical records and panoramic radiographs of patients with mandibular angle fracture were examined. The presence or absence and degree of impaction of the mandibular third molars were assessed for each patient and related to the occurrence of fracture of the mandibular angle. Data were also collected for age, sex, mechanism of injury, number and location of mandibular angle fractures.

Results: A total number of 100 patients with mandibular angle fracture were analyzed. The mean age is 44.36±21.9 years. Among 100 cases, 75 cases had lower third molars and 25 cases had without lower third molars. Within the 75 patients, 64 cases had impacted third molars while 11 cases had erupted third molars. Among the impacted group, 64.1% cases were mesioangular, 15.6% cases were horizontal, 12.5% cases were distoangular and 7.8% cases were vertical.

Conclusion: In conclusion mandibular angle that contains an impacted lower third molar is more susceptible to fracture when exposed to trauma than an angle without lower third molar.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):181-184
Maternal Outcome among Women Presented with Teenage Pregnancy attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Munira Sherajum , Fatema Naheed , Runa Jannatul Ferdous , Mahmood Nasim Iftekhar
Published: January 2023

Background: Teenagers face greater risk of pregnancy than the woman in their adulthood.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the maternal outcomes of women presented with teenager pregnancy.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of six months from March 2019 to September 2019. The teenage mothers with the age group of 13 to 19 completed years at delivery who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology were included in this study. On admission, diagnosis was established by history, presenting complaints, physical examination, per-abdominal examination and per-vaginal examination. Complications during pregnancy and labour, mode of delivery, post-partum complications and perinatal outcome were noted.

Results: A total number of 100 teenage mothers were recruited for this study. During this study period, 74.0% mothers were aged 18 to 19 years. About 52.0% cases of teenage mothers were suffered from various complications during pregnancy and labor and among them, anemia was in 21.15% cases; UTI was in 3.84% cases; PE was in 17.31% cases; eclampsia was in 3.84% cases; PROM was in 15.38% cases; CPD was in 5.76% cases; prolonged labor was in 93.34% cases; obstructed labor 6.66% cases and preterm labor 15.4% cases. Their modes of delivery were vaginal delivery 63%, caesarean delivery 39%. Among them, indications of caesarean delivery were PROM with Fd 30.77% Gross IUGR with FD 12.82% cases prolonged labor 10.26%, obstructed labor 2.56%, CPD 7.69%, eclampsia 5.13% cases. 57% of teenage mothers suffered from postpartum complications. Among them, PPH was 28.07% cases, inadequate lactation 10.53% cases, Post spinal headache 10.53% cases and wound infection 10.53% cases.

Conclusion: In conclusion the most common maternal complication are anemia, UTI, PE, eclampsia, PROM, CPD, prolonged labor, obstructed labor and preterm labor.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):185-188
Status of Thyroid Hormones among Chronic Tension Type Headache Patients
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Habib Monsur , Kabir Md Nazmul , Mosleuddin Farhana , Begum Mahmuda , E Khuda Iftekhar Md Kudrat , Kabir M Lutful
Published: January 2023

Background: Tension-type headache is frequently reported by the patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the status of thyroid hormones among chronic tension type headache patients.

Methodology: This study was conducted in the Department of Neurology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study subjects consisted of patients presented with primary headache disorders.

Result: Among the patients 21.0% had chronic sub-type of TTH. Out of 42 chronic tension-type headache patients 12 had subclinical and another 12 had overt hypothyroidism. Statistically significant difference was seen among different sub-types of headache in relation to thyroid status.

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is found to be a co morbidity or precipitating factors to be development of chronic type of tension-type headache.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):189-192
Comparison of Missing Permanent Tooth in Bangladeshi Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate to those without Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Gani Mohammad Mahfuzul , Hossain Mohammad Azmal , Nazmin Taskin , Hasan Muhammad Mahdee , Islam Babu Mohammad Rakibul
Published: January 2023

Background: The distribution of dental abnormalities specially missing tooth is common among the cleft palate & lip patient wherefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypodontia in case of Bangladeshi cleft population.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion.

Methodology: This is a retrospective case control study between UCLP and Angle Class l malocclusion patients. This study was done on OPG films taken before treatment from 80 patients who applied for orthodontic treatment. 40 individuals with UCLP between the ages of 12 - 16 years were compared with the 40 individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion with no CLP aged between 12 - 16 years. Individuals with UCLP; 21 clefts were on the left side and 19 clefts were on the right side. The congenitally deficient teeth were recorded from the OPG films. In this study, third molars were not included in the evaluation.

Results: In this study, no differences were found in regard to the gender of the patient. The left side of the patients was affected substantially more than the right side. The frequency of the missing upper lateral incisors in the cleft side of the patients was significantly higher than the non-cleft side. Therapists of cleft patients need to be aware of the high variety of numerical alterations, as this is important for therapy planning and the applied treatment.

Conclusion: The management of dental anomalies, which can easily be detected by careful inspection of routine orthodontic diagnostic records, should be taken into consideration in treatment planning of individuals with a cleft.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):198-201
Astrocytoma Detection with Magnetic Resonance Imaging among Patients attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Kabir M Lutful , Hasanat Md Aminul , E Khuda Iftekhar Md Kudrat , Akter Rawshan Ara , Haque Md Mozammel , Islam Rafiqul
Published: January 2023

Background: Accurate detection of astrocytomas is very difficult.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in detection of intracranial astrocytoma.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging with the collaboration of Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pathology at Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC & MH), Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2013 for a period of one (1) year. Prior to the commencement of this study, the research protocol was approved by the ethical committee (Local Ethical committee) of SSMC. All the patients presented with clinically diagnosed cases of intracranial astrocytoma who were attended in the OPD and IPD were included as study population. The sampling technique was purposive, non-random sampling method. MRI was performed in all cases. The postoperative resected tissues were examined histopathological in the respective department. Then the collected reports were compared with findings of MRI.

Results: The sample size of the present study was 48 astrocytoma patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of MRI for the diagnosis of astrocytoma are 92.0%, 80.0%, 96.0%, 67.0% and 90.3% respectively.

Conclusion: In conclusion MRI has a high diagnostic validity for the detection of astrocytoma.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):202-205
Relationship of Angle’s Molar Malocclusion with Facial Profile among School Children with the Age Group of 11 to 16 Years at Dhaka City in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Tipu Md Mizanur , Ghosh Ranjit , Mafruha Mst Ishrat , Chakraborty Monika , Sharma Nirmal
Published: January 2023

Background: Orthodontic care globally urges the need to develop various methods to assess and grade malocclusion in order to prioritize treatment

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to describe Angle’s molar relationship among the study subjects with the facial profile.

Methodology: This study was designed as a Descriptive Cross-Sectional study carried out in four high schools in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The study was conducted from May 2015 to November 2015 for a period of 06 (six) months on 384 secondary school children aged between 11 – 16 years Systematic Random Sampling from four high schools in Dhaka city. The participants were included who had no preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment previously carried out and participants having late mixed or early permanent dentition. The participants were excluded participants having major local problems such as trauma or any history of surgical approach which affects the growth and development of facial structures or body, Students who are undergoing orthodontic treatment or who have completed orthodontic treatment earlier, Students who are suffering from any systemic disease. Data were collected using a preformed data collection sheet. The relevant socio-demographic data of these patients were collected and recorded. Data were collected and Parents/ guardians were provided with a description of the study, an informed consent form (written in Bengali) and a family history/ lifestyle questionnaire (written in English). In addition, trained research assistants were explained the study procedures.

Results: Out of 384 children, the maximum no. of Angle’s molar relationship was Class I in both sides, similarly maximum no. of Canine relationships was Class I in both sides. Maximum face form was oval (51.8%), maximum (57.6%) face profile was straight and maximum (76.6%) lips were competent. Conclusion: In this study, malocclusion was 56.7%. Angle’s class I malocclusion is the most common while Angle’s class III is the least prevalent malocclusion.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):206-209
Importance of Neurovirology Diagnostic Laboratory at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Yusuf Md Abdullah
Published: January 2023

Abstract not available

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):103-104
The effectivity of problem-based learning to improve the HOTS: A meta-analysis
Authors: Utami Risqi , Rosyida Azma , Arlinwibowo Janu , Fatima Gupita Nadindra
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) through meta-analysis. Data is collected by research documentation generated from various sources collected through the Internet. These articles were published from 2019 to 2022. The themes discussed the effect of PBL to HOTS on students' skill abilities, analysed quantitatively, described data in sample sizes, standard deviations, and averages, and published in journals and indexed on Google Scholar. The analysis design used a contrast group with a random effects model that corrected for effect sizes. The analysis used JASP software to calculate mean aggregate differences, plot forest plots, and publication bias. The study results show a significant difference between groups using control and experimental in the learning process (SE = 1.00); students who use PBL in learning have better learning outcomes than those who do use conventional. Based on the analysis results, the urgency of implementing PBL is evident in supporting the problem-based learning process with HOTS skills.
Contabilidad minera: Aplicación a la pequeña minería del Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Auquilla-Terán Federico , López-Cordova Miriam ,   Universidad del Azuay, Tonon-Ordóñez Luis ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: January 2023

Al momento no existe un modelo contable base que facilite al pequeño minero llevar sus cuentas, costos, gastos e ingresos; por lo tanto, lo declarado en impuestos no siempre refleja losmovimientos económicos reales de esta actividad, totalmente opuesto a la realidad de la gran minería, que cuenta con modelos contables muy bien elaborados. La pequeña minería en el Ecuador se clasifica en tres ámbitos, minería de los materiales de construcción, minería de los no-metálicos y minería metálica (específicamente la extracción de oro). Si bien todas son actividades extractivas, cada una tiene definiciones específicas en la Ley de Minería y tributan conforme a su legislación. A su vez, desde el punto de vista técnico, tienen sus diferencias que implican gastos y costos propios. 294 páginas e-ISBN978-9942-847-61-4
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Keuangan Masa Depan
Authors: Holik Abdul , Mahmud Ahmad Kafrawi
Published: January 2023

This research tries to find factors influencing financial decision in the future. There are three variables we use here: financial decision in the future, saving decisions and trust in banking institutions. The research was conducted by involving as many 200 respondents—teachers in High School—in the Makassar City. The method to analyze is Multivariate Regression that can find impact of independent variables on dependent variable. The results of study prove that the variable of current saving decision has a significant positive impact on the variable of future financial decisions. Likewise, the variable of trust in banking institution also proves a significant positive result. From these findings, it is understood that when people have better and stronger desire to save, they tend to allocate money for the future. Also when people have trust in banking institutions, they will manage money wisely for the future. We conclude that people who like to save and believe in banking institutions will easily make financial planning due to uncertainties that they must face in the future.
Pengaruh Budgetary Slack Terhadap Budget Participation dengan Dimoderasi Information Asymetry dan Budget Emphasis
Authors: Sulistyawati Ardiani Ika , Yulianti Yulianti , Mulyantomo Edy
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of budgetary participation on budgetary slack by moderating information asymmetry and budget emphasis. The existence of a research gap is the basis for conducting this research. This research is categorized as a survey research, where the research instrument is a questionnaire. The population in this study were structural officials in the SKPD of the 24 Kendal City Offices. The subjects in this study were the head of the department, the secretary, the head of the finance sub-section, the head of the planning sub-section, and staff at the Kendal Regency Government. The sampling technique used the census method where all employees of the finance department at the Kendal City SKPD had the same opportunity to become respondents in this study. The results of the study indicate that budgetary participation has an influence on Budgetary Slack. This study also proves empirically that information asymmetry and budget emphasis are able to moderate the effect of budget participation on budgetary slack.
Analisis Best Practice Kebijakan Carbon Tax Dalam Mengatasi Eksternalitas Negatif Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia
Authors: Dilasari Aranta Prista , Ani Heti Nur , Rizka Rahma Jariatul Hajah
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the design of the carbon tax policy that will be applied in Indonesia, as well as to analyze and provide an overview of the best practice of implementing carbon tax in Indonesia. The analysis used is based on existing field facts and confirmed by existing theories and regulations. The data analysis method used in this study is descriptive or comparative analysis with a practical approach methodology, namely comparing carbon tax policies in several countries to be used as a reference in making the ideal carbon tax formulation and the mechanism for implementing carbon tax in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the application of CO2 tax is basically suitable to be applied in Indonesia. The first reason refers to the study of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and OECD, carbon tax can be one of the policy options available as a revenue stream because the pandemic puts pressure on tax revenues. Second, the CO2 tax is directed to climate protection and becomes an environmental protection tool. His methods of reducing negative externalities are in line with the principles of sustainable development. Third, many countries have introduced carbon taxes, including countries in Europe and others. However, the implementation of the carbon tax has not been implemented in Indonesia, this can be seen from the negative impacts of the implementation of the carbon tax. In addition, the results of the analysis show that gross domestic product (GDP), real consumption, and employment (employment) are predicted to be lower, if the policy is implemented without any follow-up actions taken, this will certainly cause negative pressure on all macro variables economy.
Analysis of Company Performance Assessment Using the Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Firli Ogi Maulana , Tresna Pratami Wulan , Herawati Tetty
Published: January 2023

Performance is a description of the level of achievement of the implementation of a policy in realizing the goals, objectives, mission and vision of the organization contained in the work plan of an organization. Performance measurement is the periodic determination of the operational effectiveness of an organization, part of the organization and its personnel, based on predetermined goals, standards and criteria. Balanced Scorecard is an alternative method used by companies to manage company performance more comprehensively, not only limited to financial performance, but extends to non-financial performance, such as customer perspective, internal business processes, and learning and growth. This study aims to identify the company's performance appraisal with a balanced scorecard whose data were obtained from related journals in 1999–2022. The population in this study is an article on the company's performance appraisal with a balanced scorecard in the years 1099-2022 which was published on Scopus. Based on the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria, the number of samples in this study was 18 articles. The method used in this study is a systematic mapping study (SMS). SMS is rooted in the study literature review (SLR). The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret all available research with topic areas of interest to phenomena, with specific relevant research questions. With the use of the SLR method, a systematic review and identification of journals can be carried out, which in each process follows the steps or protocols that have been set. The results show that from 18 research articles that have been systematically mapped, researchers classify articles based on the research method approach with the topics discussed, namely: Balanced Scorecard with a research focus Balanced Scorecard is used to get a complete understanding of company performance (in terms of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business processes, learning and growth) with its competitors. While the dominant method used in research on corporate performance appraisal with the balanced scorecard is the qualitative method.
Pengaruh Tekanan Pemegang Saham dan Umur Perusahaan terhadap Kualitas Sustainability Report
Authors: Yuliandhari Willy Sri , Asalam Ardan Gani , Sinatrya Muhammad Visar
Published: January 2023

Sustainability report is a report submitted to the company's stakeholders to report the impact of company's activities on environment, social, and economy. Companies are expected to submit quality information to demonstrate corporate responsibility and can be used as a consideration in making decisions. However, there are still many companies that have not submitted a good and quality information in sustainability report. This study aims to determine the effect of shareholder pressure and company age on sustainability report quality. The population in this study are mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. This study uses purposive sampling technique. Based on the sampling technique and criteria, 11 companies were obtained with an observation period of three years, so the total observations are 33 samples. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis methods and panel data regression models using Eviews 12 SV software. The results of this study indicates that the age of the company has a significant positive effect on sustainability report quality. Meanwhile, shareholders pressure do not affect the sustainability report quality. Based on the results of this study, the company is expected to improve the quality of the sustainability report in accordance with the GRI Standards and investors are expected to make the sustainability report as one of the considerations in investing. Future researchers are expected to use other independent variables or use different proxies for the variables and are also expected to choose a different research object.
Pengujian Niat Mahasiswa Untuk Mengikuti Ujian Sertifikasi Keahlian Akuntansi Dasar (USKAD)
Authors: Darmawan Yanto , Rahimah Rahimah
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is analyzing factor that influence the intention of diploma degree student in accounting to take uskad exam. Three construct of theory planned behavior ( attitude toward behaviour, subjective Norm and perceived behavioural controll) were used as basic model for this research. Data were taken by using questioners from 199 student of politeknik YKPN Yogyakarta and then analyzed by structtural quation modeling - partial least square using smart PLS 4.0. The result of the analysis concludes that three construct of theory of planned behavior positively influence the student's invention to take uskad exam.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Agresivitas Pajak dengan Dimoderasi oleh Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Andariesta Angelica Vidda , Suryarini Trisni
Published: January 2023

The highest tax revenue comes from income tax. The higher the taxable income of a company, it will affect the greater the cost of debt tax a company. It encourages companies to perform aggressive tax action. This study is conducted to test the audit committe independence, institutional ownership, corporate social responsibility, and leverage on tax aggressiveness moderated by firm size. The company's food and beverage subsector manufacturing listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange for 2018-2021 and 32 served as a population for the study. The sample was taken using an purposive sampling technique which resulted in 63 units of analysis from 18 company's food and beverage subsector manufacturing. The data analyst technique used moderated regression analysis with IBM SPSS software version 25. The research result show that the corporate social responsibility has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness, while the audit committee independence, institutional ownership, and leverage do not affect on tax aggressiveness. Firm size has been proven to moderate the effect of corporate social responsibility on tax aggressiveness, but firm size can not moderate the effect of audit committee independence, institutional ownership, and leverage on tax aggressiveness. There are 7 companies that do not comply with OJK Regulation No. 55/PJOK.04/2015 concerning the formation and implementation guidelines of the audit committee so that the 7 companies are expecteded to be able to comply with the applicable regulations.
Corporate Social Responsibility Dan Risiko Investasi Terhadap Reputasi Perusahaan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Agustina Leni , Nurmalasari Eka , Astuty Widia
Published: January 2023

Reputasi perusahaan  menunjukkan  bahwa  Informasi  keuangan  dan non  keuangan  memainkan  peranan  yang  penting  dalam  membangun  reputasi perusahaan. Reputasi perusahaan  pada  gilirannya  akan  mempengaruhi  investor  individu  untuk membeli  atau   menjual   saham   suatu   perusahaan.   Reputasi   perusahaan mempengaruhi pengambilan   keputusan   investor   karena   sebagian   besar   investor   beranggapan   bahwa peluang  investasi  yang  baik berasal  dari  perusahaan  terkenal. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi reputasi perusahaan ialah pengungkapan Corporate Social Rensponsibility.  Corporate Social Rensponsibility merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat berperan untuk membangun citra dan reputasi yang baik. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) muncul karena adanya kepedulian perusahaan terhadap lingkungan dan sosialnya, sebagai akibat dari explorasi yang dilakukan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan produksinya dalam hal ini terkait dengan polusi yang ditimbulkan dari bahan bakar yang digunakan oleh perusahaan transportasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan risiko investasi terhadap reputasi perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan subsector transportasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling didapatkan sampel sebanyak 32 perusahaan dengan tahun pengamatan dimulai dari 2018-2020 sehingga diperoleh 96 sampel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur berupa uji statistic deskriptif, uji autokorelasi, uji korelasi antar variabel, dan uji koefisien jalur dengan alat bantu Statistical Program for Social Science diperkuat dengan uji sobel. Risiko investasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas.

Kata kunci : Corporate Social Responsibility;investor;profitabilitas; Reputasi perusahaan; risiko investasi
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Intellectual Capital yang Dimoderasi Profitabilitas
Authors: Afiad Fahmi Pratama , Sari Eka Nurmala , Hani Syafrida
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of testing and analyzing the effect of firm size and managerial ownership on Intellectual Capital disclosure moderated by profitability in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange directly or indirectly. The population in this study were all food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while the samples that met the criteria for sampling were observed for five years and as many as ten food and beverage companies were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research approach uses associative research. Data collection techniques in this study using documentation techniques. and the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, coefficient of determination and Moderated Regression Analysis. The results show that partially firm size has no effect on Intellectual Capital disclosure, managerial ownership has a significant effect on Intellectual Capital disclosure, and indirectly return on equity is able to moderate the effect of firm size on disclosure. Intellectual Capital, return on equity is able to moderate the influence of managerial ownership on Intellectual Capital disclosure in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Pengaruh Ideologi Etik dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Hubungan Antara Partisipasi dan Senjangan Anggaran
Authors: Said Darwis , Junaid Asriani , Ahmad Hamzah , Muslim Muslim
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan faktor individu, ideologi etis (deontologi dan teleologi), sebagai faktor kontingensi untuk menguji pengaruhnya terhadap hubungan antara partisipasi dan kelonggaran anggaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh partisipasi terhadap kelonggaran anggaran, pengaruh perbedaan ideologi etis manajer terhadap partisipasi hubungan kelonggaran anggaran, dan interaksi antara partisipasi dan kelonggaran anggaran melalui dua variabel yaitu ideologi etis dan kecerdasan spiritual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi dan kelonggaran anggaran terkait secara negatif dan signifikan, dan bahwa ideologi etis manajer yang berbeda memengaruhi partisipasi-hubungan kelonggaran anggaran. Ideologi etika deontologi secara negatif dan signifikan mempengaruhi kelonggaran anggaran, sementara ideologi etika teleologi secara positif mempengaruhi kelonggaran anggaran.  Hasil dari variabel kecerdasan spiritual menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kelonggaran anggaran, itu berarti bahwa kecerdasan spiritual manajer yang lebih tinggi, kelonggaran anggaran yang lebih rendah akan terjadi. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel interaksi ca melemahkan terjadinya kelonggaran anggaran.