bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Killing the Tyrant Against the Environment
Authors: Mohamed Feisal G.
Published: February 2021

Anti-tyranny literature typically focuses on rulers who war against their subjects. This article wonders if that same literature might offer insights on the tyrant who wars against the environment. Starting with consideration of the recent film First Reformed (2017), it then glances at the Nimrod passage in Paradise Lost before turning to The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates as a place where tyrannicide and environmental concern are, briefly, aligned. Milton's proximities to the Huguenot tract Vindiciae, contra tyrannos make clear that a monarch's destruction of his domain, which remains the property of the people, can trigger the right of resistance. But in both The Tenure and the Vindiciae the property rights of “the people” are located in their corporate personhood, which rights-bearing corporate entities proliferate in later modernity with destructive consequences.
CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO AÇAÍ JUÇARA NA REGIÃO DO LITORAL NORTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Maciel Larissa De Oliveira , Moura Neusa Fernandes de , Leonardi Alex
Published: February 2021

As pesquisas que definem a estrutura da cadeia produtiva da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.), nativa da Mata Atlântica, ainda são muito restritas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi mapear a cadeia do açaí juçara, caracterizar cada elo do processo produtivo e identificar potencialidades e dificuldades dessa cadeia. A pesquisa delimita-se na região do Litoral Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e apresenta os resultados das entrevistas sobre a produção e comercialização da juçara nesta região. Nesta pesquisa foi possível obter uma estimativa de dados sobre o número e localização dos produtores, e da comercialização do açaí juçara nos diversos canais de distribuição. Os resultados gerais da pesquisa indicam que, no caso do produtor, foram detectadas deficiências no manejo e dificuldades com relação ao extrativismo do palmito.
Uma análise comparativa da relação entre o comércio exterior e o crescimento econômico do Rio Grande do Sul e o Brasil (2003 - 2015)
Authors: Triches Divanildo , Triches Ciana Fontana
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o comércio exterior e o crescimento econômico do Rio Grande do Sul e do Brasil ao longo do período de 2003 a 2015. A metodologia empregada é a análise das estatísticas descritivas de dados secundários extraídos de órgãos governamentais e instituições internacionais. Os resultados mostram que o tamanho da economia do Estado representa em torno de 7% do total do país, desse, o setor de serviços participa com 60%, segmento industrial como, aproximadamente, um quarto. A dinâmica de crescimento econômico foi bastante similar com uma taxa média anual de 2,2%. As exportações nacionais e Gaúchas cresceram, média anual, de cerca de 8% e as importações nacionais se elevaram quatro pontos percentuais acima do RS. A correlação é mais alta foi verificada entre a taxa de crescimento do produto e aumento das exportações, com um coeficiente 0,72 do Rio Grande do Sul e 0,86 do Brasil. A taxa de câmbio real apresentou uma baixa correlação como com a exportações, além de exibir sinal contrário do esperado. Assim, ao longo do período de 2003 a 2015, o que mais tendeu a influenciar o comércio externo foi os preços internacionais dos produtos comercializados.
Evaluating the User Experience of E-Learning in the Distance Education Program at Taibah University
Authors: Afghani Amani Abdulaziz
Published: February 2021

This study aims to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Blackboard E-learning management system used in distance education programs at Taibah University in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The study takes a descriptive approach, employing several survey tools to acquire data on various aspects of the e-learning experience from the point of view of student users, with the objective of informing university policy and decision making. Particular aspects of the e-learning experience considered include the role of e-learning in providing opportunities for learner interaction, the effectiveness of the various mechanisms for improving the e-learning experience, and overall attitudes toward e-learning. The results of the study show that there are statistically significant differences in the experiences and attitudes about e-learning among various demographic groups: namely, between students in different academic years, students in different academic departments, and between students that have received prior training in computers and those that have not. In light of the results, a number of recommendations are made. It is recommended that there be increased cooperation between the various sectors of higher education and pre-university education, to ensure the spread of the culture of distance education among learners before they join the university. Intercommunication about the e-learning experience between different universities is also recommended, as is the hiring by institutions of higher learning of distance education experts.
The Behavior of Online Consumer Opinions Case Tunisian Communities
Authors: Rouissi Chiraz , Letaief Fatma
Published: February 2021

Online consumer opinions are an essential source of information on goods and services, with the framework of a Research Online Purchase Offline behavior. However, in a virtual environment, there are two types of consumers: opinion leaders and "lurkers" who do not participate in virtual communities. This research presents the results of a qualitative study on the obstacles and motivations for the participation of "lurkers" in Social Media and especially case of Facebook groups. It shows that even though "Lurkers" consider virtual communities as a public space that can triturate their confidentiality, in some cases they can manifest themselves and give rise to new behavior, which is "mobilizing behavior".Background/Objectives: The main purpose of the research is to study and understand, through a preliminary qualitative study, the barriers, and motivations of passive users in a virtual community on Facebook. The theoretical scope of this research is based on a lack of theoretical work, addressing the barriers and motivations to convert a Lurker into an Opinion Leader (Vasic, N & al. 2019) in the context of Research Online Purchase Offline "ROPO" behavior.Methods/Statistical. Methodological tools of the research methods were qualitative, a survey based on an interview is conducted with a sample of the relevant population, namely, subsidiaries of Tunisian communities’ groups. Given the exploratory nature of this study, the choice of a qualitative analysis seems appropriate. The method of data collection through semi-structured interviewsFindings: This study examined the literature on online behaviors and aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Lurkers' behavior context through a qualitative exploratory study. The qualitative study shows that the "Lurkers" brakes are mainly around the fact that they want to protect their private lives by leaving as little data as possible so as not to receive abusive requests for additions, they try to keep some perspective to avoid any kind of conflict with strangers when it comes to different opinions.Improvements: This study can provide input at the managerial level, especially for creators of virtual communities. In practice, brands develop virtual communities intending to improve the "consumer-brand" relationship as well as the relationship between consumers. The obstacles for Lurkers to participate can give brands a clear idea of the need to develop engagement platforms. More specifically, the brand must give more opportunities to the lurkers to give their opinions so that they can participate without fear.
Sylviculture d’adaptation aux changements climatiques : des concepts à la réalité Compte-rendu d’un colloque tenu au Carrefour Forêts 2019
Authors: Thiffault Nelson , Raymond Patricia , Lussier Jean-Martin , Aubin Isabelle , Royer-Tardif Samuel , D’Amato Anthony W. , Doyon Frédérik , Lafleur Benoit , Perron Martin , Bousquet Jean , Isabel Nathalie , Carles Sylvie , Lupien Patrick , Malenfant Annie
Published: February 2021

Dans le cadre du Carrefour Forêts 2019, le colloque Sylviculture d’adaptation aux changements climatiques : des concepts à la réalité, organisé conjointement par la Direction de la recherche forestière du ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec et le Centre canadien sur la fibre de bois de Ressources naturelles Canada, a rassemblé une centaine d’acteurs du milieu forestier incluant des ingénieurs forestiers, des biologistes, des techniciens forestiers, des propriétaires de boisés, des professeurs, des chercheurs et des étudiants. Des conférenciers de différentes régions du Québec et du Vermont ont partagé les connaissances actuelles en rapport avec la sylviculture d’adaptation afin d’amorcer la réflexion et le dialogue quant aux actions pouvant être entreprises dès maintenant pour favoriser l’adaptation des forêts aux changements anticipés. Les présentations ont abordé les fondements théoriques de la sylviculture d’adaptation, pour ensuite présenter des réflexions ou des études de cas portant sur différents types d’écosystèmes, des outils innovants ou des initiatives de recherche. Le colloque a également laissé une place aux praticiens qui ont pu décrire les défis et les occasions qu’offre la sylviculture d’adaptation dans leur pratique professionnelle. Au terme d’une activité interactive, les participants ont ciblé les sécheresses accrues, les coupes partielles et les plantations mélangées comme des thèmes importants qui devraient animer les échanges entre les chercheurs et les praticiens dans les années à venir.
Etnografia digital da alimentação viva: uma abordagem metodológica no campo online e offline
Authors: Varella Helena , Machado Monica
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o desenho metodológico da etnografia digital e visual construída para a compreensão da sociabilidade digital e da subjetividade dos comensais da alimentação viva na comunidade Terrapia. A base teórica de discussão está pautada na antropologia digital, que traz a importância da inclusão do ambiente digital em conjunto com o presencial no trabalho de campo. Com a finalidade de explicar a metodologia, abordamos a construção dos instrumentos de pesquisa da etnografia digital e visual e expressamos a investigação em suas vertentes online e offline. Discorremos também sobre a sociabilidade digital dos sujeitos, buscando evidenciar as particularidades encontradas na comunidade. Por fim, relatamos as considerações sobre a experiência da pesquisa, enfatizando a compreensão das particularidades da cultura local e da construção de sentidos pelos seus participantes por meio da observação do digital como ferramenta de pesquisa.
Content Analysis of Hospital Reviews From Differing Sources: Does Review Source Matter?
Authors: Islam Sayeedul , Mir Sara , Defina Caroline , Silva Carolina
Published: February 2021

Social media has had an impact on how patients find and evaluate medical professionals and their experiences of modern healthcare. Qualitative research in healthcare has increased its focus on social media. The present study examined 497 reviews of hospitals in the Pittsburgh area across three websites: Google, Yelp, and Healthgrades. Using computerized content analysis tools (CATA), we analyzed positive and negative comments to identify key themes. Key themes and words included “doctor,” “hospital,” “staff,” and “time.” These findings highlight the importance of medical staff to patient experience. Results indicated that Yelp had the lowest average rating. CATA also revealed that the central term for Google reviews was “hospital,” for Healthgrades reviews it was “doctor,” and the central term for Yelp reviews was “patient.” These central terms reflect the focus of each website. The present study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals understanding the source of reviews and being cautious about how social media comments are used in decision-making about the practice. Future research should try to expand this approach to other cities and countries to evaluate cross-cultural effects on social media comments.
Plata electronica
Authors: Hodos Raul Felix
Published: February 2021

Conceptul de plati electronice este relativ nou, atat la nivel mondial, unde a fost definit in ultimii cincizeci de ani, cat mai ales in Romania, unde a aparut acum doisprezece ani. Abordarea este necesar sa se realizeze multidisciplinar, pornind de la o realitate economica si tehnica ce impune cercetarea unor surse bibliografice diverse, atat interne, cat mai ales din tari cu o mai bogata experienta in domeniu. Multidisciplinaritatea conceptului de plati electronice presupune nu doar aprofundarea materiei obligatiilor civile, ci si consultarea doctrinei specifice din dreptul bancar, informatic, penal, administrativ sau fiscal. Inexistenta unor frontiere in cazul mediului electronic ridica probleme specifice dreptului international, atat public, cat si privat. Pe de alta parte, intreaga documentare trebuie sa aiba in vedere legislatia interna, chiar in conditiile in care aceasta este implementarea reglementarilor europene sau internationale in domeniu, pentru a identifica erorile inerente stabilirii unor reguli simple si clare intr-un domeniu greu reglementabil.
Eismo srautų tyrimai ir modeliavimas
Authors: Jablonskytė Janina , Keršys Artūras , Keršys Robertas
Published: February 2021

Knygoje aptarta transporto inžinerijos sritis. Skaitytojas įgis žinių ir praplės praktinius įgūdžius saugaus eismo, valdymo, modeliavimo ir transporto eismo srautų prognozavimo klausimais. Metodinę priemonę sudaro trys teorijos skyriai, kur kiekviename iš jų pateikta trumpa teorinė dalis, iliustruota praktinio pobūdžio pavyzdžiais su sprendimais bei paaiškinimais, ir uždaviniai, skirti studentų savarankiškam darbui. Kituose dviejuose skyriuose išdėstyta projekto vykdymo seka, pateiktos ataskaitos rengimo gairės. Knyga skirta transporto inžinerijos srities studentams ir norintiems praplėsti transporto eismo srautų teorines ir praktines žinias.
Challenges of devolved health care in Kenya: an analysis of the policy and legislative framework
Authors: GICHUKI Naomi
Published: February 2021

This paper comes in the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic. A pandemic that not only ground the world to a halt, but one that also forced governments and stakeholders alike to critically evaluate the health sector. Inherent challenges plaguing the sector have been emphasized, and latent challenges brought to the surface. In Kenya, health is the largest devolved function of government, thanks to the Constitution of 2010, which devolved administrative and other governance functions to the 47 counties. Through what should have been a transitional period until now, devolution continues to present diverse administrative and governance challenges across the board, and the health sector, like many others, has not been spared. This paper examines the concept of health in light of public health and as a fundamental human right. This is followed by an examination of the policy and legislative framework that informs, guides, governs and regulates the health sector in Kenya as well as an exposition of the core challenges affecting the health sector. Recommendations and further areas of research form the conclusion of this paper.
Généralités sur le cadre juridique du système de santé congolais : une analyse organisationnelle et fonctionnelle
Authors: SITA Gloria LUBAKI
Published: February 2021

This article reviews the Congolese health system as organized by the legislative and regulatory Act. There is no perfect model for a health system since each country organizes the system considering political, economic and social realities. The paper draws a parallel between, on the one hand, the political and administrative organisation of the Congolese state and the health structure, on the other hand, the adaptation of the health system into the social context of the country. It appears that territorial decentralization and the sharing of competences between the central government and the provinces could explain the pyramidal structure of the Heath system : The central government fixes the main orientations on health policy and the devolved services are aimed for implementing bodies, meanwhile the provinces only provide a technical assistance. According to the functional perspective, we describe a many-faceted system, due to the lack of a real social insurance coverage policies. Instead we find what we could call a system of adaptation made from private mutual insurance.
Legal framework to ensure sufficient medical equipment, to train medical staff and to observe sanitary standards
Authors: AKPOGHOME Theresa U.
Published: February 2021

Qualitative healthcare and universal coverage for health can only be achieved in a nation that has sufficient medical equipment, trained personnel and good sanitation. Without these, there can be no quality healthcare. Therefore, this paper examines the legal framework for the provision of sufficient equipment and training of medical staff and sanitation in Nigeria. The paper examines laws put in place by the government and observes that there are several laws in this regard but the problem bothers on implementation. The paper notes that all aspects of healthcare in Nigeria is tied to the annual budget and the federal government has not done so much in this regard as the health sector receives less than 5 % vote from the budget as against 15 % proposed in the AU Declaration. The paper also notes that health is not a justiciable right in Nigeria. It further notes that existing hospital equipment are dilapidated, sanitary condition is poor as there is no water and toilet facilities in most hospitals and this endangers the health of staff and patients. There is also brain drain in the sector as the personnel seek to earn a living in other climes with better welfare packages. The paper therefore recommends that the government should strive to provide the resources needed for equipment and training of medical staff by ensuring that 1 % of its budget from the Consolidated Revenue Account is dedicated to the health sector. The paper concludes by noting that universal coverage for health in Nigeria is possible and if the right steps are taken, medical tourism will be a thing of the past. Most importantly, sanitation in the health sector should be added to the conversation.
The Healthcare Delivery System in Nigeria: Legal Framework, Obstacles and Challenges to Providing a Public Insurance System
Authors: OFEKEZE Darlynton Okiemute
Published: February 2021

This work seeks to examine the Nigerian Healthcare system through the lens of its public health insurance laws to access its successes and challenges and also make recommedations towards an effective healthcare delivery system.
Local industrial production in EAC & Uganda (reflecting on the AfCFTA and the emergence of COVID-19): legal framework
Authors: KEMBABAZI Gloria
Published: February 2021

This paper analyses the state of local industrial production in Uganda and how the emergence of COVID-19 has impacted it. This analysis bears in mind the regional context of Uganda as Partner State of the East African Community and a member of the African Union. Both of these institutions have mechanisms that impact on trade and relatedly on local industrial production, most notably the newly established African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Overall, the paper makes a case for furthering local industrial production drawing on the lessons from the economic and developmental impact that the pandemic has wrought on the country.
The regulation of harmful tax competition in the EAC: current status, challenges, and ways forward
Authors: HABIMANA Pie
Published: February 2021

Harmful tax competition is a topic that is globally and hotly discussed. For the past three decades, research on this topic consistently increased. Globally, states have been engaged in different projects aiming at regulating that phenomenon. Because of its international character, most of, if not all, the successful initiatives were undertaken under the auspices of regional organizations. The European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are good examples. This paper studies the current regulation of harmful tax competition in the East African Community. It shows how the EAC has not yet developed a sufficient regulatory approach against harmful tax competition. It also reflects on the challenges thereto related and proposes some actions that EAC needs to undertake to revamp the regulatory situation of harmful tax competition. In consideration of the harmful effects of harmful tax competition, this paper instigates the EAC partner states to stop disregarding harmful tax competition and recommends adopting a Code of Conduct against harmful tax competition in the EAC.
Healthcare system in the rural region (local government) of Nigeria: legal framework, obstacles and challenges to provide medical care
Authors: SELKUR Rita Dashe
Published: February 2021

It is often said that health is wealth. That being the case then, health is an asset to be desired because a healthy man is a wealthy man equally; a healthy nation is invariably a wealthy nation. Health has been described a fundamental human right indispensable for the exercise of other human rights. This implies that the state has a responsibility for the health of her people. Every human being is entitled to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health conducive to living a life in dignity. The realization of these may be pursued through numerous, complimentary approaches, such as the formulation of health policies, or the implementation of health programmes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the adoption of specific legal instruments. Poor health inflicts great hardships on communities whereby the health status of people in the community affect their abilities to work and thus underpins the welfare of such community. This paper will attempt to examine what health care is at the rural region, the legal framework as encapsulated in the various legal instruments, obstacles and steps towards change.
The Vicious Undertow of Vanity in Young Adult
Authors: Kupfer Joseph ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: February 2021

The film Young Adult offers a striking example of vanity and its entanglement with other vices. Mavis Garry is prompted to return to her home town to woo a married, former beau out of vanity: an overweening desire to be admired for her appearance and authorship. Vanity involves wishing to be seen possessing something valuable that others lack and bestowing excessive attention on it, as in Mavis’s repeated physical preening and buffing. Because comparison is central to vanity, it contributes to Mavis’s envy. Vanity also encourages her arrogance by inflating Mavis’s distorted view of her self-worth. At the film’s climax, Mavis’s defects are publicly witnessed, producing in her the salutary moral experience of shame. However, Mavis’s incipient self-awareness and shame are dissipated by a few words from a fawning fan, as the undertow of vanity pulls Mavis beneath the clarity of the moral sensibility that was momentarily evoked by shame.
Four new species of Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysida) from public aquaria in Hawaii, Florida, and Western to Central Europe
Authors: Wittmann Karl J. , Abed-Navandi Daniel
Published: February 2021

Four new species of the subgenus Heteromysis (Olivemysis) were detected in material from (sub)-tropical aquaria in six public aquarium institutions around the globe. Modifications of pleopods by spines represent the strongest structural complex used for differentiation within this subgenus: male pleopods 1–4 modified in H. smithsoniana sp. nov., male pleopods 2–4 plus female pleopod 2 in H. hornimani sp. nov. and H. waikikensis sp. nov. Additional important diagnostic characters are provided by the antennulae, uropods, and telson. The male of H. sixi sp. nov. represents a very rare case within the genus Heteromysis by having only pleopod 2 modified by flagellate spines. The definition of the subgenus Olivemysis is modified in order to include H. sixi sp. nov. A summary of pleopod modifications in the genus Heteromysis and a key to the species of the subgenus Olivemysis are given. The here described new taxa more than double the number of Heteromysis species known from aquaria yet unknown in nature from three to seven.
Cross-sectional study of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children hospitalized with COVID-19 in Lima, Peru
Authors: Domínguez Rojas Jesús , Estupiñan Vigil Matilde , Garcés-Ghilardi Raquel , Alvarado-Gamarra Giancarlo , del Águila Olguita , Lope Tenorio Adanida Flor , Ayón Dejo Carmen Cecilia , Chonlon Murillo Kenny , Boluarte Baca Sebastián , Stapleton Herbozo Angie , Seminario Aliaga Ricardo , Reyes Florian Giuliana , Dávila Riega Diana , Fernández Suárez Sarah , Coronado Muñoz Álvaro
Published: February 2021

Introduction Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children occurred in Peru as of March 2020, leading to pediatric patients' hospitalization in areas adapted for this purpose at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital. In the beginning, the demand for hospitalization was low, but it increased gradually. Consistent with international reports, the majority of patients presented mild or moderate symptoms. Nonetheless, there were also severe cases, even fatal ones. Objectives To describe the characteristics and clinical outcome of pediatric patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru, between March and August 2020. Methods A descriptive and inferential cross-sectional study was carried out. The population includes all hospitalized patients in the Department of Pediatrics, with clinical and surgical diagnoses associated with COVID-19. Results We included 100 patients, with an average age of 83.4 ± 54 months, with a predominance of male patients (55%). Hospitalized patients were grouped into five categories: respiratory failure (17%), multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) (31%), neurological presentation (19%), acute abdomen (20%), and patients with oncological problems (13%). Most of the patients (74%) had comorbidities. Regarding the presenting symptoms, intestinal pain predominated in the appendicitis group (90%, p < 0.001), fever was present in most patients with respiratory failure (64.7%); multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (90.3%), neurological manifestations (15.8%), acute abdomen (50%) and oncological conditions (61.5%) were also present in these patients. Kawasaki symptoms were found in 38.7% of the patients with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome. Mortality was 4%. Respiratory problems (29.4%) and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (22.6%) required admission to intensive care, more frequently than the other presentations (p = 0.008). Conclusions We conclude that the vulnerability in the pediatric population is the one that has preexisting conditions. We divided our patients according to presentation, diagnosis, and complications, which were predominantly respiratory. We also had oncological patients with COVID-19.
LOS CERTÁMENES MUSICALES DE LA FERIA DE ALBACETE. ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN (1882-1948)
Authors: Bravo Marín Raquel , De Moya Martínez María del Valle , López García Narciso Josè
Published: February 2021

Los certámenes de bandas de música se originan a finales del siglo XIX y rápidamente se expanden por toda la geografía nacional, logrando mantenerse durante la pasada centuria. Ejemplo de la importancia y arraigo de los citados eventos entre la población, a nivel nacional, son los Certámenes celebrados en la Ciudad de Valencia.La presente investigación sobre certámenes musicales para bandas civiles se centra en los celebrados por el Ayuntamiento de Albacete. Así, los objetivos propuestos son realizar un breve recorrido histórico, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX, sobre el origen y evolución de dichos eventos musicales, para bandas civiles, organizados por el Consistorio albacetense. Así, se ha seguido una metodología de corte histórico, basada en la localización, catalogación y análisis de los datos proporcionados por dos fuentes primarias documentales, de carácter local: las actas de las sesiones plenarias consistoriales y todo tipo de noticias publicadas en periódicos y revistas con el objeto de difundir entre el gran público la celebración de tales eventos. Además, hay que añadir el rastreo bibliográfico para reconstruir un entorno y devenir históricos fidedignos.Los certámenes musicales de Albacete tuvieron un mayor o menor alcance geográfico dependiendo de las vicisitudes por las que atravesaba el consistorio, fundamentalmente, de su partida presupuestaria. Un rápido recuento sobre los que se celebraron en los años estudiados, permite observar que predominan aquellos que tuvieron una convocatoria de carácter provincial, aunque a veces se amplió al ámbito regional. Y, como muestra de un alto grado de ambición artística, el Ayuntamiento manchego se atrevió a estudiar concursos musicales con rango nacional, durante los años 1922 y 1923. Pero estas fuertes aspiraciones artístico-musicales solo quedaron en proyectos ilusionantes que no llegaron a ser convocados de forma oficial.
L’agrégation, le programme : la chance de La vie la mort
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: February 2021

Cet essai porte sur le séminaire La vie la mort (1975-1976) et sur la notion double de « programme » qui l’informe. Dans ce séminaire, Derrida juxtapose en effet une lecture de la notion de « programme », utilisée par le biologiste français François Jacob dans sa description du fonctionnement de l’ADN, à une réflexion sur le « programme » d’agrégation en France qui avait cette année-là pour thème « Vie et mort ». Cet article commence donc par examiner le rôle crucial joué par l’examen d’agrégation dans la production, voire la reproduction, de la philosophie en tant que discipline en France. Il analyse ensuite la lecture de La logique du vivant que fait Derrida dans ce séminaire à partir de ces deux notions supposément distinctes de « programmes » : un programme soi-disant inflexible et partagé par tous les êtres vivants, celui de l’ADN, et un programme soi-disant plus libre et plus souple, celui de la culture et des institutions humaines comme celles de l’agrégation. En résulte une refonte complète des formes de production et de reproduction en jeu aussi bien du côté de notre compréhension de la génétique que de l’éducation.
Quality Analysis of Hallux Valgus Videos on YouTube
Authors: Sari Enes , Umur Levent Fazli
Published: February 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the information quality of YouTube videos on hallux valgus.

Methods

A YouTube search was performed using the phrase “hallux valgus” to determine the first 300 videos related to hallux valgus. A total of 54 videos met our inclusion criteria and were evaluated for information quality by using DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and hallux valgus information assessment (HAVIA) scores. Number of views, time since the upload date, view rate, number of comments, number of likes, number of dislikes, and video power index values were calculated to determine video popularity. Information regarding video length (in seconds), video source, and video content was also noted. The relation between information quality and these factors were statistically evaluated.

Results

The mean DISCERN score was 30.35 ± 11.56 (poor quality) (range, 14–64), the mean JAMA score was 2.28 ± 0.96 (range, 1–4), and the mean HAVIA score was 3.63 ± 2.42 (moderate quality) (range, 0.5–8.5). Although videos uploaded by physicians had higher mean DISCERN, JAMA, and HAVIA scores than videos uploaded by nonphysicians, the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, view rates and video power index values were higher for videos uploaded by health channels, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between video length and DISCERN (r = 0.294; P = .028), and HAVIA scores (r = 0.326; P = .015).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the quality of information available on YouTube videos about hallux valgus was low and insufficient. Videos containing accurate information from reliable sources are needed to educate patients on hallux valgus, especially with regard to less frequently mentioned topics such as postoperative complications and healing period.
Autotheory as Feminist Practice in Art, Writing, and Criticism
Authors: Fournier Lauren
Published: February 2021

Autotheory—the commingling of theory and philosophy with autobiography—as a mode of critical artistic practice indebted to feminist writing and activism.

In the 2010s, the term “autotheory” began to trend in literary spheres, where it was used to describe books in which memoir and autobiography fused with theory and philosophy. In this book, Lauren Fournier extends the meaning of the term, applying it to other disciplines and practices. Fournier provides a long-awaited account of autotheory, situating it as a mode of contemporary, post-1960s artistic practice that is indebted to feminist writing, art, and activism. Investigating a series of works by writers and artists including Chris Kraus and Adrian Piper, she considers the politics, aesthetics, and ethics of autotheory.

Fournier argues that the autotheoretical turn signals the tenuousness of illusory separations between art and life, theory and practice, work and the self—divisions long blurred by feminist artists and scholars. Autotheory challenges dominant approaches to philosophizing and theorizing while enabling new ways for artists and writers to reflect on their lives. She argues that Kraus's 1997 I Love Dick marked the emergence of a newly performative, post-memoir “I”; recasts Piper's 1971 performance work Food for the Spirit as autotheory; considers autotheory as critique; examines practices of citation in autotheoretical work, including Maggie Nelson's The Argonauts; and looks at the aesthetics and ethics of disclosure and exposure, exploring the nuanced feminist politics around autotheoretical practices and such movements as #MeToo. Fournier formulates autotheory as a reflexive movement, connecting thinking, making art, living, and theorizing.
Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments withMegachile rotundata(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Ansell Graham R. , Frewin Andrew J. , Gradish Angela E. , Scott-Dupree Cynthia D.
Published: February 2021

The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards toM. rotundatawill need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD50values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates. Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides toM. rotundatawere within the 10-fold safety factor currently used withA. melliferatoxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees.
A New Phase of Healthcare: COVID-19 and Medical Advancements
Authors: Puri Oshin , Rathaur Vyas Kumar , Pathania Nitish , Pathania Monika
Published: February 2021

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11th March 2020, which has posed innumerable challenges for the medical fraternity. To overcome these obstacles healthcare professionals, engineers and industries like robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3 Dimension (3D) printing etc., are coming up with innovations that can assist them in administering critical care to COVID patients, restart health services for non-COVID patients, combat the spread of the disease, restart elective services and above all protect themselves while treating others. This article is a narrative review of the developments in the field of robotics and AI, improvements in ventilators and critical care facilities, measures taken to spread awareness and the need of such innovations, their benefits and effectiveness in relation to the current scenario. Articles regarding advancements during COVID months of March-May 2020 were searched on the internet and references giving medical evidence of the suitability of these innovations were added from PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, wherever necessary. Knowing the need and principles of such medical innovations which can help in improving the current practices or replace them with even better technologies are the need of the hour.
Appropriate “marginal” farmlands for second‐generation biofuel crops in North Carolina
Authors: Crozier C. R. , Carvalho H. D. R. , Johnson A. , Chinn M. , Heitman J. L.
Published: February 2021

Current research on bioenergy crops shows that perennial grasses can yield substantial amounts of dry biomass with relatively low inputs of water and fertilizer. In order to minimize competition with food production, it has been suggested that bioenergy crops could be directed to land areas less suitable for commodity crops, commonly referred to as “marginal” lands. These are land units with inherent limitations to vegetative growth and production, which may be due to several factors (soil physical and chemical properties, climatic conditions, etc.). However the term “marginal” is an adjective with imprecise meaning, and objective criteria for determining “marginal” lands for siting bioenergy crops are necessary. Here we propose that such criteria may be based on soil survey classifications and realistic yield estimates, and we show an example of its use to justify site selection for bioenergy crops in different regions of North Carolina.
Organic dye assemblies with aggregation‐induced photophysical changes and their bio‐applications
Authors: Ji Chendong , Lai Liming , Li Pengyu , Wu Zhen , Cheng Wenyu , Yin Meizhen
Published: February 2021

Phototheranostics provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive way for the diagnosis and treatment of contemporary diseases, and organic dyes play a vital role. For example, chemical modification endowed dyes with powerful reactive oxygen species or heat generation ability, favoring for photodynamic therapy and photoacoustic (PA) imaging guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of serious diseases. Therefore, photophysical properties manipulation of dyes has become the focus in current dye chemistry research. The development of aggregate science has made great effort to solve this problem. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on molecular aggregation behavior and its effect on photophysical performance. The most famous example is the discovery of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) phenomenon. Based on AIE theory, more theories for revealing the relationship between molecular aggregation behavior and photophysical properties were proposed and elucidated. The photophysical property changes caused by dye aggregation have become a unique discipline, guiding the development of molecular science and material science. With the help of molecular self‐assembly, controllable aggregation of dyes can be realized, and stable nano‐theranostic reagents can be obtained. Furthermore, constructing dye assemblies with various photophysical properties will greatly reduce the cost of theranostic reagents, thus, expanding biomedical applications of organic dyes. Therefore, this review focuses on the photophysical characteristic changes caused by dye aggregation and their biological applications including, fluorescence/phosphorescence/PA imaging as well as photodynamic and PTT. This review will provide guidance for the design of organic dyes, the development of controllable aggregation methods, and the construction of multifunctional phototheranostic reagents.
Benzodithiophene‐S,S‐tetraoxide (BDTT) as an Acceptor Towards Donor‐Acceptor (D‐A)‐Type Semiconducting Electropolymers
Authors: Ranathunge Tharindu A. , Nirmani L. P. Tharika , Nelson Toby L. , Watkins Davita L.
Published: February 2021

This study introduces a benzodithiophene‐S,S‐tetraoxide (BDTT) monomer as an acceptor and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene flanked thiophene (TEDOT2) and terthiophene (T3) as donor molecules for polymer formation. The synthesis of the poly(TEDOT2‐BDTT) and poly(T3‐BDTT) copolymers was performed via a single‐step monomer radical formation that is typically associated with electropolymerization methods. The electropolymerization is controlled by using a suitable monomer stoichiometric ratio that enables the deposition of copolymer thin films on the working electrode. Resultant copolymers were investigated by electrochemical analysis and their electronic properties are discussed in detail. A low average electron transport resistance of 16.5 Ω was found for poly(TEDOT2‐BDTT), indicating excellent conductive behavior. Solid‐state absorbance and emission studies of the copolymers show visible to near‐infrared spectral activity. Results support an effective strategy towards highly efficient electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) based on a unique BDTT monomer.
Kernel local outlier factor‐based fuzzy support vector machine for imbalanced classification
Authors: Wang Kefan , An Jing , Yu Zibo , Yin Xingshu , Ma Chao
Published: February 2021

The problem of imbalanced data classification has become a research hotspot in the field of machine learning. Fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) is an imbalanced classification processing method based on cost‐sensitive theory. The existing methods have cost‐sensitive, causing the prior distribution estimation of data inaccurate. This article proposes a novel FSVM algorithm based on the kernel local outlier factor (KLOF‐FSVM) for this problem. KLOF calculates the local outlier factor of the sample in the kernel space and assigns an appropriate membership value to the sample. This process enables the algorithm to obtain the distribution information of the data better. Compared with the algorithm based on distance only, KLOF has better robustness. It can expand the value range of majority class samples' membership degree to better balance the important relation between the minority class and the majority class. We selected some datasets in the Keel data repository and used cross‐validation to obtain the algorithm's effect under different evaluation indexes such asG‐Mean,F1 measure, and area under curve. By comparing with other algorithms, preliminary results show that this method has better classification quality.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Reversible Sulfide/Iodide Exchange in Fluoroalkyl Sulfides Enabled by Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex Formation
Authors: van der Worp Boris A. , Kosobokov Mikhail D. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: February 2021

Catalyst‐free visible‐light‐mediated exchange of two photoredox active groups, a 4‐perfluoropyridinylthio group and an iodide group, attached to a fluorinated alkyl fragment is described. The reaction can be preparatively performed in both directions by appropriate choice of wavelength, solvent, and counterion. In the forward reaction, alkyl sulfide interacts with an iodide anion to give alkyl iodide and a thiolate anion, with the driving force provided by blue light (455 nm). In the backward process, fluorinated alkyl iodide interacts with the thiolate under violet light (400 nm). The reactions proceed through the formation of electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes, which were observed by UV/Vis absorption or NMR spectroscopies. Evidence of the sulfur–iodide interaction was supported by X‐ray analysis.
Arsenic trioxide induces differentiation of cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF‐kB signaling pathways synergistically
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Bo , Sun Yun‐Fan , Huang Xiao‐Wu , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Huang Ao , Zeng Hai‐Ying , Qiu Shuang‐Jian , Cao Ya , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian , Yang Xin‐Rong
Published: February 2021

Objective

Differentiation‐inducing therapy for tumors is a strategy that aims to induce the differentiation and maturation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The differentiation‐inducing capacity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanism were previously unknown.

Methods

In the present study, we explored the ATO‐induced differentiation of CSCs in HCC by detecting the expression of CSC‐related markers and tumorigenicity variation in vivo and in vitro. We developed a combined chemotherapeutic approach to HCC by characterizing the effects of combinatorial treatment with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)/cisplatin and ATO in vitro and in patient‐derived xenograft models. Changes in gene expression patterns were investigated by gene microarray analysis.

Results

ATO effectively induced differentiation of CSCs by downregulation of CSC‐related genes and suppression of tumorigenicity capability. Combinatorial treatment with ATO and 5‐FU/cisplatin significantly enhanced therapeutic effects in HCC cells compared with the treatment with 5‐FU/cisplatin alone. Synergistic inhibition of the LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF‐kB signaling pathways by ATO and 5‐FU/cisplatin is a potential molecular mechanism underlying the differentiation effect.

Conclusions

ATO induced the differentiation of HCC CSCs and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of 5‐FU/cisplatin through synergistic inhibition of the LIF/JAK1/STAT3 and NF‐kB signaling pathways. These results offer new insights for the clinical treatment of HCC.
Biosignal classification for human identification based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Siam Ali I. , Sedik Ahmed , El‐Shafai Walid , Elazm Atef Abou , El‐Bahnasawy Nirmeen A. , El Banby Ghada M. , Khalaf Ashraf A.M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: February 2021

Human identification is considered as a serious challenge for several applications such as cybersecurity and access control. Recently, the trend of human identification has been directed to human biometrics, which can be used to recognize persons based on some physiological or behavioral characteristics that they own, such as fingerprint, iris, and biosignals. There are several types of human biosignals including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. This paper presents a human identification system based on PPG signals. The proposed system consists of three main phases: signal acquisition, signal pre‐processing, and feature extraction/classification. The pre‐processing phase involves denoising of the acquired signal, transformation of the 1D signal sequence into a 2D image, and computation of the spectrogram. Feature extraction is carried out on the images obtained from the pre‐processing phase. Features are extracted from the images based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The proposed CNN model consists of a sequence of convolutional (CNV) and pooling layers. Finally, the obtained feature maps are fed to the classifier to discriminate human identities. The proposed identification algorithm is applied on signals with and without an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 99.5% with the spectrogram representation and 89.8% with the 2D image representation, in the absence of noise. In addition, the paper gives a discussion of the efficiency of denoising techniques such as wavelet denoising, Savitzky–Golay and Kalman filtering, when involved with the proposed algorithm. The simulation results prove that the wavelet dencoising technique has a best performance among the discussed noise reduction techniques.