bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Freedom of Expression and Collaborative Governance in Enhancing Community Participation for Water Resource Management in Africa
Authors: Ogbekene Ifeanyi
Published: February 2025

Water resource management remains a critical issue for sustainable development in Africa, as communities face challenges related to water scarcity, poor governance structures, and inadequate infrastructure. This article examines the interplay between freedom of expression, collaborative governance, and community participation in addressing these challenges. Drawing on theoretical and empirical insights, the study highlights how freedom of expression fosters transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement, which are essential for effective water governance. The research underscores the importance of collaborative governance frameworks that integrate diverse stakeholders, including governments, local communities, and private entities, to develop inclusive and sustainable water management strategies. Findings reveal that empowering communities through participatory decision-making and institutional reforms enhances their capacity to address water resource challenges effectively. The study concludes by recommending policy initiatives that prioritize institutional capacity building, promote freedom of expression, and foster collaborative governance mechanisms to ensure equitable and sustainable water resource management in Africa.
Prognosis of Caesarean Section with or Without Externalization of the Uterus at the CHU Ignace Deen, Guinea
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Bah Elhadj , Sow Alhassane , Diallo Boubacar , Baldé Alpha , Camara Kabinet , Bah Mamadou , Leno Daniel , Diallo Abdourahamane , Sy Telly
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Caesarean section is an obstetric surgical technique that is becoming more and more frequent, due to the constant quest to improve maternal-fetal health. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal prognosis after caesarean section with or without uterine exteriorization during hysterorrhaphy. Patients and Methods: this was a prospective study with analytical aims lasting 6 months from July 1st to December 31, 2022 carried out in the gynecology-obstetrics department of the Ignace Deen national hospital of the CHU of Conakry, focusing on women who underwent cesarean section in the department with or without uterine exteriorization and agreed to participate in the study during the data collection period. Results: the mean age of the patients was 18.62±6.16 years, with extremes of 15 and 44 years. The 21-25 age group was the most represented, at 29.60%. The majority were married (93.68%), not in school (40.07%) and nulliparous (33.75%). Obstetric evacuation was 31.05%. The uterus was exteriorized in 66.6% of cases. Caesarean section was urgent in 79.96% of cases. The average duration of the operation was 34.52±10.47 minutes. The majority of caesarean sections were performed by residents (66.97%). Maternal prognosis was identical in both groups with regard to the following parameters: surgical site infection, thread release, length of hospital stay, postoperative parameters and maternal condition at discharge. On the other hand, intense postoperative pain was significantly associated with non-externalization of the uterus 45.52% versus 23.25% with a p-value=0.00. Conclusion: analysis of these two techniques for surgical closure of the uterus shows very little difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications. Intense pain was influenced by non-externalization of the uterus. This suggests that the choice of repair technique should be left to the obstetrician, pending contrary results from other studies.
Groundnut Host Plant and Vector Aphid (Aphis craccivora) Interaction in the Transmission of Groundnut Rosette Disease as a Basis for Physiological Studies
Authors: James Mwololo , Samuel Njoroge , Wills Munthali , Patrick Okori
Published: February 2025

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Among the major causes for low yields is the susceptibility of cultivated varieties to the Groundnut Rosette Disease (GRD). The Groundnut Rosette is a viral disease, the most destructive where groundnut is grown, that can lead to 100% yield loss. The objectives of the study were to; 1) investigate the effect of leaf colour and plant architecture on aphid colonization; 2) determine the relationship between aphid colonization and disease development. An experiment was carried out in the glasshouse during winter of the 2018/19 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. Sixteen (16) test genotypes with known field reaction to the groundnut rosette disease were used. The results for disease severity concur with field ratings as all genotypes rated resistant had severity score of <1.39 and all genotypes rated moderate resistant, had scores <1 while susceptible genotypes recorded scores > 2.8. All susceptible genotypes had high aphid population (40 aphids on average per plant) whereby CG 7 had the highest. The results clearly show that, genotypes with dark green colour attracted more aphids (52.6) than the light green. Plant architecture may play a role in the migration of aphids within plants but does not influence plant preference by aphids. Genotypes ICGV-SM 01514, ICGV-SM 06637 and ICGV-SM 07544 attracted minimal number of aphids and were resistant to the rosette disease, a similar behaviour to ICG 12991, that is known to be aphid resistant. It can be concluded that these 3 genotypes are resistant to aphids. Genotypes ICGV-SM 01709, ICGV-SM 03710, ICGV-SM 08503 and ICGV-SM 01731 had considerable infestation by aphids (>40) but did not show any signs of the rosette disease, a trait that is common with ICGV-SM 90704, a variety resistant to grounndut rosette virus (GRV strain), an implication that they are resistant to the virus. The valuable results about these genotypes forms a basis for further characterization of these genotypes using molecular markers to understand the physiological basis of the varied reaction to vector and disease incidence. Sequencing the genome of the aphid species on groundnut is crucial to inform the diversity of the vector and give insights on how microbial effector proteins, host targets and plant immune receptors co-evolve.
Challenges and Obstacles in the Implementation of National Pride Projects in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Sudip
Published: February 2025

This study critically examines the challenges impeding the implementation of National Pride Projects (NPPs) in Nepal, analyzing them through political and administrative lenses. Despite their pivotal role in driving economic growth and advancing infrastructure development, these strategically significant projects are persistently hindered by systemic inefficiencies and governance issues. From a political perspective, frequent changes in government, an absence of political consensus, and the over-politicization of decision-making processes undermine project continuity, exacerbate policy instability, and disrupt long-term planning. These issues are compounded by administrative inefficiencies, including excessive bureaucratic red tape, a pronounced lack of technical expertise, resource mismanagement, and weak inter-agency coordination. Such deficiencies are further exacerbated by external challenges, including prolonged land acquisition disputes, delays in obtaining environmental clearances, and inadequate engagement with stakeholders, all of which contribute to significant delays and cost overruns. The interplay between political instability and administrative inefficiencies has not only jeopardized project timelines but also escalated costs and eroded public trust in the government’s capacity to deliver on large-scale initiatives. These challenges call attention to the fragmented nature of Nepal’s governance structure, emphasizing the urgent need for a holistic approach to reform. This paper argues for the necessity of comprehensive policy reforms aimed at depoliticizing decision-making processes, fostering political stability, and enhancing institutional capacity. Strengthened accountability mechanisms and more effective inter-agency coordination are imperative to streamline project implementation. Additionally, fostering stakeholder engagement, addressing procedural bottlenecks, and building technical expertise within implementing agencies are critical steps to ensure the timely and successful execution of NPPs. By addressing these multifaceted barriers, Nepal can harness the transformative potential of National Pride Projects to drive sustainable economic growth and infrastructure development. The findings of this study contribute to the broader discourse on public-sector project implementation in developing economies, providing actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners.
Atypical Presentation of Gerstmann Syndrome in a Patient with Encapsulated Right Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Azode Kelechi , Ewoye Ese-Enaorho
Published: February 2025

Gerstmann syndrome, occasionally dubbed the angular gyrus syndrome is a constellation of clinical features that depict a potential inherent problem affecting the supramarginal and angular gyrus of the dominant left parietal cortex resulting in a partial or full complement of a tetrad of symptoms. It is a syndrome that depicts a derangement in key functions of the parietal lobe of the dominant hemisphere which is the left cerebral cortex in most people. Its cause can arise from a myriad of traumatic, vascular, tumoral, metabolic or infectious cerebral aetiologies. Chronic subdural hematoma is a common condition prevalent in the elderly population and managed by neurosurgeons worldwide. Its pathophysiology involves elaboration of fibrin degradation products, liquefaction of blood clots and new membrane formation due to fibroblast activity on a subdural hematoma over a period of time which warrants surgical treatment to ameliorate clinical features attributable to it. This article highlights the management of a relatively rare case in which features of Gerstmann syndrome were noted in a patient who had radiologic evidence of chronic subdural hematoma in the right non dominant hemisphere, bringing to the fore the importance of detailed neurologic evaluation of patients with parietal lobe lesions in either hemispheres for features of Gerstmann syndrome in order to avoid incidence of missed diagnosis which may influence holistic management of patients presenting symptom and reflect as suboptimal outcome following treatment.
Neurocysticercosis: A Case of an Unusual Cause of Seizures
Authors: Azode Kelechi , Olasode Babatunde , Komolafe Edward
Published: February 2025

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infestation of the central nervous system caused by larva of the helminth Taenia solium. It is a relatively uncommon aetiology for seizures with varying presentations which are dependent on the stage of the cyst, its location and the immune response of the host. Incidence is rising in developing countries due to renewed interest in piggery. Associated risk factors include poor sanitary condition, rearing pigs or consumption of pork meat and overcrowded living conditions. Diagnostic yield has improved in recent years following relative improved health care seeking attitude, availability of neuroimaging modalities such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic analysis of resected tissue specimen. Though prevalence has been domiciled in rural and suburban communities, an increase in global transmigration of individuals has led to some incidence in developed counties. The advent of cysticidal therapy which is complementary to surgical resection of symptomatic lesions has helped improve the prognosis and attenuate disease progression in these patients while improving clinical outcomes of treatment. We present a 23-year-old male patient with adult onset seizures who had neuroimaging and brain biopsy with histopathologic diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. The disease should be entertained in a patient with adult onset seizure residing in a potentially endemic area. We also encourage multidisciplinary management for optimal outcome.
Impact of Resources Policy for Enhancing Financial Inclusion in Iringa Hope Joint SACCOS in Southern Highland Zone
Authors: Ugulumu Enock , Nyankweli Emmanuel , Lyanga Timothy
Published: February 2025

Financial policy stands as the important directives towards enhancing financial inclusion development in different levels. The higher level of financial inclusion increases the level of official savings, which in turn promotes development. This study examines the impact of resources policy on enhancing financial inclusion in Iringa Hope Joint SACCOS in Southern Highland Zone. The study used binary logistic regression model and a Cross-Sectional Survey Design. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS ver. 20, IBM, USA) was used to perform analysis. The study revealed that, affordable financial services, faster financial services, secure financial services, transparent financial services and convenient financial services increases possibility of financial inclusion if microfinance policy strategies are well organized. As a policy issue, financial inclusion is said to be a major contributor to economic growth, poverty reduction, effectiveness to monetary policy transmission and financial sector stability. The findings also show that importance of leadership is recognized by policy makers, which made leadership as among of the principle for financial inclusion innovativeness. Effective financial inclusion strategies which are most important are national micro finance policy, post office savings bank loans, mobile financial services, agency banking, shared infrastructure network, insurance policy provisions. The practical implications of these study findings provided the useful information to policy makers and microfinance and financial sector management officials during planning process and decision making in the destination. The study recommends that, Policymakers should focus on developing policies considering a sustainable banking services delivery model and need-based products for rural and urban consumers.
Sufficient Conditions for Wiener Index, Hyper-Wiener Index and Harary Index of the Hamilton Graph
Authors: Liu Jiangyi
Published: February 2025

The topological index can be used to depict the structural properties of graphs, and the Hamiltonian problem of graphs has always been a classical problem in graph theory. In this work, we use some known conditions to give some sufficient conditions for Hamilton graphs by the Wiener index, Hyper-Wiener index and Harary index of a graph.
Pre-Testing Remote Terminal Unit for Seamless Implementation in Utility Industry
Authors: Mittal Manav
Published: February 2025

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) replacement is a complex, capital-intensive process that demands careful management to avoid operational disruptions and excessive costs. This study examines strategies to improve the efficiency and reliability of RTU replacements, focusing on a comprehensive framework that incorporates pre-execution testing, multidisciplinary collaboration, and attention to cybersecurity and environmental resilience. Insights from brainstorming workshops with IT, OT, cybersecurity, and network engineering experts emphasize the critical role of exhaustive pre-implementation testing to ensure compatibility with existing systems and reduce integration risks. Functional, performance, and security testing are essential for addressing potential failures, minimizing downtime, and safeguarding against cyber threats. Furthermore, the study highlights the impact of environmental factors on RTU durability, advocating for rigorous environmental testing and the selection of resilient RTUs designed to withstand challenging conditions. The proposed framework seeks to reduce risks, enhance reliability, and prevent costly disruptions by integrating technical, operational, and safety standards. By providing a holistic approach to RTU replacement, this work contributes to improving industrial system reliability, ensuring operational continuity, and enhancing the functionality of critical infrastructure. Practitioners can apply these actionable insights to achieve successful RTU replacements with minimal interruptions, fostering a more reliable and secure operational environment. Through collaboration and diligent planning, the study outlines a pathway to optimize RTU replacement processes, ultimately improving the resilience and efficiency of vital infrastructure systems.
Consequences of Generalized Ratio Tests That Lead to More Efficient Convergence and Divergence Tests
Authors: Gaskin Joseph
Published: February 2025

The Ratio Test, developed by Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, is a fundamental method for determining the convergence or divergence of an infinite series and is commonly used as a primary test for many series. However, due to its restricted range of applicability, several generalized forms of the Ratio Test have been introduced to extend its usefulness. In this paper, we combine two of the most effective and reliable generalized Ratio Tests to create more efficient convergence tests. To this end, we show that if a positive valued function, f, is defined for all numbers greater than or equal to one, and if the improper integral of the reciprocal of f, over the interval from one to infinity, diverges, then f has a close relationship with a sister function φ. We then show that these paired functions satisfy a remarkable relationship that completely characterizes all monotonically decreasing sequence of terms whose sum diverge. We demonstrate through several examples the ease with which φ can be found if f is known and vice-versa. Next, we combine the generalized Ratio Tests of Dini and Ermakoff by focusing on a ‘thin’ subsequence of the terms of a large category of infinite series to develop other convergence and divergence tests. Furthermore, we refine these tests to produce practical and easier to apply convergence and divergence tests. Lastly, we demonstrate that for many infinite series, one can factor their terms into the product of the reciprocal of f and L. We then show that the limit superior and limit inferior of an expression based on L determines the convergence or divergence of the original series.
Formulation and Evaluation of Paediatric Oral Vehicles for the Administration of Sildenafil and Omeprazole in Infants
Authors: Dieng Sidy , Sy Papa , Faye Abdou , Djiboune Alphonse , Yeto Viviane , Fall Ahmédou , Faye Djiby , Diop Moussa , Diouf Louis , Mbaye Gora , Thioune Oumar , Diarra Mounibe
Published: February 2025

When it comes to dispensing medicines to children, the use of a suspension agent is sometimes necessary. To ensure that children and adolescents have timely access to safe and effective medicines, including paediatric formulations. The overall objective of this work was to develop an oral paediatric dispensing solution representing the vehicle for suspensions. The specific objectives were to formulate different suspension agents and to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the paediatric oral suspensions formulated. The suspension preparation method is based on dissolution/dispersion to produce different formulations. Parameters such as pH, viscosity and PA release were determined. The oral suspensions obtained are pleasant and well tolerated, providing precision and consistency, and maintaining physical integrity throughout their shelf life. The pH of the preparations (1 to 6) has an average value of between 3.4 and 3.6. In terms of viscosity, by comparison, Ora Blend® has a higher viscosity than the preparations (1 to 6). The study of the release of sildenafil incorporated in Ora Blend shows that there is very little release in (SGF). In contrast, in (SIF), there is a release from 5 minutes, which increases to 60% after 60 minutes. Omeprazole incorporated into Ora Blend begins to release from 40 minutes in the SGF, and from the first few minutes in the SIF. These results contribute to the advancement of work on the formulation of oral suspension vehicles by providing in-depth knowledge and experimental results. These advances will stimulate innovation in the formulation and administration of paediatric medicines, thereby helping to improve patient care.
E-Kinerja and Work Discipline on the Performance of Civil Servants Through Motivation as an Intervening Variable at the Regional Government Secretariat of Palembang City
Authors: null Fatimah , null Tobari , Rahmawati Kartika , Fitriah Wani
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the influence of E-Performance (E-Kinerja) and Work Discipline on the performance of Civil Servants at the Regional Government Secretariat of Palembang City, with Motivation as an intervening variable. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and LISREL software, the research evaluates responses from 120 civil servants selected through proportional sampling. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the direct and indirect relationships among variables. The findings reveal that E-Performance and Work Discipline significantly and positively affect employee performance. Motivation plays a critical mediating role, enhancing the relationship between both E-Performance and Work Discipline with performance. These results highlight the practical value of E-Performance systems, such as improving the objectivity and accountability of performance evaluations while fostering fairness in the allocation of performance-based incentives. Additionally, the study emphasizes the necessity of robust work discipline policies to support an efficient and effective governance environment. The results contribute to advancing performance management systems by demonstrating the synergistic effects of technology integration and human resource development strategies in governmental organizations. Daerah Pemerintah Kota Palembang. Motivation significantly mediates the relationship between Work Discipline and Performance of Government Employees of Sekretariat Daerah Pemerintah Kota Palembang.
Cervical Cancer in the Health Zeguere Area, Kolondièba District, Sikasso Region, June 2024
Authors: Abdou Togola , Soungalo Diakité , Bouyagui Traoré , Aboudou Diarra , Aminata Koné , Oumar Sangho , Toumani Sidibé , Yacouba Koné , Boua Togola , Aboubacar Togola , Djibril Barry , Yaya Ballayira , Boubakar Doucouré , Dramane Traoré , Benoît Traoré , Abdoulaye Koné , Hanine Keita , Youssouf Sidibé , Yacouba Dembélé , Abou Coulibaly , Oumar Bah
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a new tissue formation due to excessive, abnormal, anarchic and autonomous cell proliferation that develops at the expense of the uterine cervix. In sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths per year; The Kolondièba health district regularly records suspected cases of cervical cancer, 473 women screened 68 were positive including 3 suspected cases of cervical cancer in 2022. Finally the health area in 2024, 3 positive cases out of 16 women screened June 9, 2024; during the 23rd week of the year 2024, the CSCom recorded 3 positive cases of cervical cancer, following this an investigation was considered by the management team to determine the frequency and risk factors of the disease. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical descriptive study from June 5 to 15, 2024, examined medical records and carried out an active search for partners in the community in order to identify and refer them to an early screening center. Result: This is a cervical cancer screening campaign, of which 18.75% of women screened were positive with IVA / IVL test, 37% of women screened had the STI, 56% had their first sexual intercourse between the ages of 12 and 14. The literature review and active research allowed us to raise awareness among partners about risk factors. The cases were referred to a care center. Conclusion: The investigation allowed us to be sure that sexual partners and negative cases were sensitized and educated on the risk factors of cervical cancer.
Storytelling and Brand Advertisement: An Analysis of TikTok Influencers in Vietnam
Authors: Quoc Liem
Published: February 2025

TikTok has become a phenomenon when it attracts a big number of followers thanks to its creative video content and the users who make it, so brands choose TikTok as a channel of communication to endorse their brands in the users’ videos via many narrative styles. Using the qualitative research with case study approach, the paper aims to cover three main points: (1) common storytelling techniques, (2) influencers’ advertisement videos using these techniques and purchase intentions, and (3) micro influencers used for advertising campaigns on TikTok. The finding shows that the most common storytelling techniques on TikTok are humorous content, product review, storytelling dance, and making an experience relating to products and life; TikTok platform is used for influencer marketing in which micro/ nano influencers are hired to endorse a brand in their videos for advertisement via experience content and continuous engagement impacting their followers on purchase intention; the choice of influencers depends on a brand’s budget and communication objectives besides other criteria but a mix of different types of influencers is more feasible. The research implicates the potential trend in using influencers in TikTok to create brand advertisement content with various storytelling methods in a brand advertising campaign in recent years.
Factors Predicting Incidentally Found Appendiceal Tumors Following Appendectomy: Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Er Sadettin , Göktaş (Goktas) Abidin , Özden (Ozden) Sabri , Akın (Akin) Merve , Akın (Akin) Tezcan , Martlı (Martli) Hüseyin Fahri , Aydın (Aydin) Arzu Hazal , Birben Birkan , Acehan Fatih
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The factors that predict coincidental appendiceal neoplasms in patients who underwent appendectomy due to appendicitis were investigated.

Methods

5829 patients diagnosed with appendicitis and underwent appendectomy in the department of surgery were examined. Among these patients, patients with appendiceal neoplasia and benign pathology were selected by propensity score matching analysis in a ratio of 1:4. As a result of analysis, 74 and 274 patients were grouped as appendiceal neoplasia and benign pathology, respectively.

Results

The mean age of the 348 appendiceal neoplasia and benign pathology groups included in the study was 45.6 and 46.4, respectively. Appendiceal diameter, contrast enhancement in the appendix wall, and neutrophil count were independent parameters for appendiceal neoplasia pathology. The AUC value of the combination of appendix diameter, lack of enhancement in the appendix wall, and neutrophil count in distinguishing appendiceal neoplasia pathology was 0.787.

Conclusion

Appendix diameter, lack of wall enhancement, and neutrophil count are the three predictive indicators useful in helping clinicians suspect appendiceal neoplasms.
Excluding themselves from development? Carework as a discursive resource for women farmers in Ethiopia
Authors: Esayas Negatu Selam , Holzer Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Developmental states see a vital role for women in development, but women do not always share the state’s enthusiasm. In development circles, this is still treated largely as a problem to fix, so how women make sense of their own participation in development projects is a crucial understudied question. Drawing on 24 months of ethnographic fieldwork and 50 semi-structured interviews, we use the case of community development meetings in rural Ethiopia as a window into women’s engagement in state-led development projects. Women farmers tended to explain their absence by citing a woman’s need to care for the household as a mother, a finding that seemed to support prior research on the negative consequences of the gendered caregiving burden. But in-depth analysis, particularly of exceptional cases when women did participate, showed that a woman’s need to care for the household as a mother operated not as a static harmful cultural expectation, but as a discursive resource that women farmers could use to avoid the developmental state – or justify their engagement in state-led activities. As such, this article contributes to research on carework, gender, and development of a fuller and more nuanced account of the strengths and limitations of motherhood expectations in development contexts.
“The Bridge Between Cuba and Me”: The Experiences of Bilingual AfroLatiné Music Education Students
Authors: Regus Marjoris
Published: February 2025

This collective instrumental case study explores the experiences of Spanish-English bilingual AfroLatina/o/é collegiate students in U.S. undergraduate music education degree programs. The theoretical frameworks of Black critical theory (BlackCrit) and Latino critical theory (LatCrit) frame this study to interpret the experiences of AfroLatina/o/é students. Data collection included nine semistructured individual interviews, two focus group interviews, in-person observations, participant self-written narratives, and one collaborative music playlist. Analysis of data led to identification of two cross-case themes: navigating and performing identity and codeswitching domains in academic and social spaces. This study suggests that marginalization due to AfroLatinidad systematically derives from the constant negotiation of race, ethnicity, and language experienced by these participants in the music academy and in their lives. Recommendations to better support AfroLatiné music education students include support and promotion of student affinity groups, mentorship with community members who share similar musical and teaching interests, increased representation of racial and ethnic diversity in ensemble repertoire selection, and allocation of academic scholarships to students pursuing non-Western classical musical pathways, such as merengue and reggaetón.
Examining the Associations Between Motivation, Knowledge, Empowerment, Advocacy, and Civic Engagement Among Parents of Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Li Chak , Rossetti Zach
Published: February 2025

Parents of individuals with disabilities face many challenges in accessing appropriate school services for their offspring. While advocacy programs are becoming increasingly common, little is known about the nature of parent advocacy including its related constructs. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between motivation, special education knowledge, empowerment, three types of advocacy activities (i.e., individual, peer, and systemic), and civic engagement among 246 parents of children with disabilities using structural equation modeling. Results show that motivation leads to improved knowledge and empowerment. More than knowledge, empowerment significantly and positively correlates with individual advocacy. There is a linear relationship suggesting that individual advocacy informs peer advocacy and peer advocacy informs systemic advocacy. Finally, greater systemic advocacy positively and significantly correlated with greater civic engagement. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Production and characterization of magnetic EPDM composites with carbonyl iron powder (CIP) using different curing systems
Authors: Souza Caroline Oliveira de , Salles Benjamin Rache , Escócio Viviane Alves , Lopes Thiago Castro , Almeida Núbia Caroline de , Reis Nunes Regina Celia
Published: February 2025

Magnetic composites were manufactured by incorporating 5 phr of Carbonyl Iron Powder (CIP) and 60 phr of carbon black into ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). This study aimed to examine the impact of different curing systems - sulfur and accelerators, peroxide, and peroxide with co-agents - on the cross-linking of the EPDM matrix while keeping other additives constant. Seven composites were produced and characterized in terms of morphology, cross-link density, rheometric, mechanical, and magnetic properties. The sulfur curing system reduced curing time and increased cross-link density, resulting in higher rigidity. The peroxide-based system, when combined with co-agents, provided optimal performance in elongation and tear strength, with tensile strength values similar to the sulfur system. Cross-link density was highest for the sulfur and accelerator systems, and the Gibbs free energy was higher due to reduced molecular mobility in highly cross-linked networks. The 5 phr CIP content did not affect the physical-mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed minimal interaction between EPDM and CIP, and magnetic analysis showed that the curing system had no significant impact on the magnetic properties of the composites.
The miR-451a facilitates natural killer cell-associated immune deficiency after ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Yan , Guan Xiuchen , Lan Tian , Zhang Zhuo-ran , Zhang Ying , Jiang Shihe , Li Minshu , Shi Fu-Dong , Jin Wei-Na
Published: February 2025

Ischemic stroke is a devastating neurological disease. Brain ischemia impairs systemic immune responses and heightens susceptibility to infections, though the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Natural killer (NK) cells exhibited decreased frequency and compromised function after acute stage of stroke, resulting in NK cell-associated immune deficiency and increased risk of infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional molecular modulators. Our previous study revealed a significant upregulation of miR-451a in circulating NK cells from patients with ischemic stroke, but its effects and precise mechanism on immune defense remain elusive. In this study, we observed a substantial elevation of miR-451a level in brain and splenic NK cells in murine model of ischemic stroke miR-451a mimics suppressed NK cell activation and cytotoxicity within the ischemic brain and periphery, including a downregulation of activation marker CD69, and reduced production of effector molecules IFN-γ and perforin. Conversely, miR-451a inhibitor preserved NK cell activation and cytotoxicity, rescuing local inflammation, and reducing bacterial burden in the lung. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR pathway with AZD8055 effectively blocked the impacts of miR-451a on NK cell functions. Collectively, these findings suggest miR-451a negatively regulates NK cell cytotoxicity in both the brain and periphery, which could be re-addressed by modulating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.
Development of a Decision Model to Estimate the Outcomes of Treatment Sequences in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: de Groot Saskia , Blommestein Hedwig M. , Leeneman Brenda , Uyl-de Groot Carin A. , Haanen John B. A. G. , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Aarts Maureen J. B. , van den Berkmortel Franchette W. P. J. , Blokx Willeke A. M. , Boers-Sonderen Marye J. , van den Eertwegh Alfons J. M. , de Groot Jan Willem B. , Hospers Geke A. P. , Kapiteijn Ellen , van Not Olivier J. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P. M. , van Baal Pieter H. M.
Published: February 2025

Background

A decision model for patients with advanced melanoma to estimate outcomes of a wide range of treatment sequences is lacking.

Objectives

To develop a decision model for advanced melanoma to estimate outcomes of treatment sequences in clinical practice with the aim of supporting decision making. The article focuses on methodology and long-term health benefits.

Methods

A semi-Markov model with a lifetime horizon was developed. Transitions describing disease progression, time to next treatment, and mortality were estimated from real-world data (RWD) as a function of time since starting treatment or disease progression and patient characteristics. Transitions were estimated separately for melanoma with and without a BRAF mutation and for patients with favorable and intermediate prognostic factors. All transitions can be adjusted using relative effectiveness of treatments derived from a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The duration of treatment effect can be adjusted to obtain outcomes under different assumptions.

Results

The model distinguishes 3 lines of systemic treatment for melanoma with a BRAF mutation and 2 lines of systemic treatment for melanoma without a BRAF mutation. Life expectancy ranged from 7.8 to 12.0 years in patients with favorable prognostic factors and from 5.1 to 8.7 years in patients with intermediate prognostic factors when treated with sequences consisting of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Scenario analyses illustrate how estimates of life expectancy depend on the duration of treatment effect.

Conclusion

The model is flexible because it can accommodate different treatments and treatment sequences, and the duration of treatment effects and the transitions influenced by treatment can be adjusted. We show how using RWD and data from RCTs can harness advantages of both data sources, guiding the development of future decision models.

Highlights

The model is flexible because it can accommodate different treatments and treatment sequences, and the duration of treatment effects as well as the transitions that are influenced by treatment can be adjusted. The long-term health benefits of treatment sequences depend on the place of different therapies within a treatment sequence. Assumptions about the duration of relative treatment effects influence the estimates of long-term health benefits. We show how the use of real-world data and data from randomized controlled trials harness the advantages of both data sources, guiding the development of future decision models.
An isolated congenital absence of right pulmonary artery associated with coronary and multiple systemic collaterals: A case report and literature review
Authors: Bsharat Rola K , Shehadeh Daleen , Atatrah Raneen W , Manasra Mahmoud R , Alhadad Baha , Amr Bajis
Published: February 2025

Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) is the complete absence of either the right or left pulmonary artery. It is a rare congenital malformation, usually associated with other cardiac defects; however, in some cases, it may occur as an isolated lesion, typically affecting the right side. Patients with isolated right pulmonary artery agenesis are often diagnosed incidentally on chest radiographs in adulthood. Rare cases are associated with multiple systemic collaterals that supply the affected lung. We report the case of a 69-year-old man with the absence of a right pulmonary artery, arterial supply to the right lung from the celiac trunk, and communication of the collaterals with a marginal branch arising from the right coronary artery. UPAA is a rare congenital anomaly that may present with nonspecific symptoms, such as dyspnea and recurrent chest infections. Clinicians should consider UPAA in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms, particularly in adult patients with unexplained symptoms.
Looking past the stereotypes – Disabled people as foster carers
Authors: Unwin Peter , Jones Alexandra , Meakin Becki
Published: February 2025

England has seen a progressive decline in the number of approved fostering households, whereas the number of children needing foster homes has increased. To address these disparities, this research explored whether an inclusive approach is taken to encourage Disabled people to become foster carers. The two-year co-produced project was part of the Disability Research on Independent Living and Learning (DRILL) initiative, funded by the National Lottery Community Fund. Led by the University of Worcester, the authors worked with four fostering organisations. The methodology comprised an online survey to gauge the level of disability awareness in these organisations, followed up by a customised training session for each site. Findings from the training days and a further workforce survey indicated that fostering social workers recognised that disability and foster care were not mutually exclusive, and that Disabled people could provide a valuable part of the workforce, although they were not routinely recruited. For Disabled people to be afforded equal opportunity as foster carers, it was acknowledged that non-discriminatory practice must become standard practice, necessitating significant changes at both institutional and professional practice levels.
Social work professionals’ perspectives on using independent foster care: A contested way to compensate for organisational failure?
Authors: Fridell Lif Evelina
Published: February 2025

Research shows that outsourcing family foster care through independent foster care agencies (IFAs) has become common in several countries, such as the UK and Sweden. In Sweden, a majority of local authorities use IFAs. However, knowledge is limited regarding the experiences of professionals who use these services. Social workers, managers and administrative support staff in five public child welfare authorities were interviewed, and their attitudes towards using IFAs and the rationale for their use were thematically analysed. In short, three main themes were identified: (1) A reluctance towards IFA use due to quality, cost and contracting concerns; (2) Use of IFAs due to in-house organisational failures and the availability of IFAs; and (3) Finding competence and resources. The findings indicate that social work professionals tend to prefer in-house foster care and are reluctant to use IFAs as their use is complicated by market regulations and ‘information asymmetry’. However, as previously shown, IFAs may resolve recruitment issues and in some cases also provide the competence and resources needed in complex cases. This article discusses these findings in relation to the concepts of New Public Management and analyses the foster care market as a quasi-market.
Parent-Reported Adverse Childhood Experiences and Food Insecurity Among Children in Non-English-Speaking Households in the United States
Authors: Chipalo Edson , Nkwanzi Violet , Odii Ikenna Obasi , Malele Kefentse P.
Published: February 2025

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events associated with the risk of food insecurities in the United States (U.S). However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating this association, particularly for children in non-English-speaking households. Therefore, this study examines the association between individual and cumulative ACEs with food insecurity for children in non-English-speaking households in the U.S. Using data extracted from the 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health, the weighted sample of 4,677 children aged 0 to 17 was obtained. The dependent variable was binary food insecurity (food secure vs. food insecure). Independent variables included 11 individual ACEs (i.e., economic hardship, parent/guardian divorce, etc.) and cumulative ACEs (0 ACE, 1 ACE, 2 ACEs, and 3 ≥ACEs). Data were analyzed using six sets of multivariate logistic regression models with household food insecurity as an outcome variable across ACEs while controlling for individual, family, and community level characteristics. Of the 4,677 children, 22.4% experienced at least one or more ACEs, and 4.5% experienced food insecurity. After controlling for other factors, individual ACEs, including family economic hardships (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 13.2), parents/guardians divorced (aOR = 2.65), and parents/guardians died (aOR = 3.59) were associated with higher odds of food insecurity among children. After covariates adjustment, children with at least one ACEs (aOR = 1.98), two ACEs (aOR = 3.51), and three or more ACEs (aOR = 2.25) were associated with higher odds of food insecurity compared to children with no ACEs. Therefore, preventing ACEs is crucial to mitigate their negative impact on food insecurity for children and families in low income households. Interventions should focus on preventing ACEs and increasing financial resources needed for economic support, which can be strengthened through public assistance programs such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs and Women and Infant programs and supplemented by existing social support systems so that low-income non-English-speaking families can afford food to support their children.
From Big Farms to Big Pharma? Problematizing science-related populism
Authors: Lello Elisa , Bertuzzi Niccolò
Published: February 2025

Skepticism about health/vaccination policies during Covid-19 was considered a key example of “science-related populism” mainly based on far-right case studies. However, criticism also spread among various left-wing and environmentalist milieus, which represents an understudied phenomenon. Relying on different strands of scientific literature, and on a qualitative research design aimed both to take account of the political heterogeneity within this critical area and to deepen its links with environmentalism, we aim to highlight the limits and normative implications of its interpretation as solely populism, and to contribute to the elaboration of a different interpretive model. Qualitative and frame-bridging analysis highlighted the consolidation of worldviews in clear opposition to hegemonic values, where the criticism of science finds a more appropriate explanation in a denunciation of the intrusiveness of capitalism in science production, as well as in a rejection of “reductionism” and a claim to self-determination that extend from ecological to health issues.
Wear Detection and Correction of Magnetorheological Fluid Journal Bearings
Authors: Michalos Athanasios K , Nikolakopoulos Pantelis G
Published: February 2025

The current paper discusses the use of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) for the lubrication of journal bearings as an effective solution for controlling performance-wise a variety of rotor bearing systems applying an external magnetic field. To account for the magnetic flux production in the lubricating layer, a 2D axisymmetric magnetostatic model is developed while the static performance metrics of the journal bearing are assessed via a 3D CFD analysis modeling the MR fluid as a Bingham plastic, the rheological parameters of which depend on magnetic field intensity. Moreover, is concluded that MRFs have a wear compensatory feature, increasing the minimum lubricant thickness to a degree that completely compensates possible wear, filling the worn region with high viscosity lubricant.