bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representations of Distance Learning in the Memes of the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Humour as a Coping and Self-Defence Strategy
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Voolaid Piret
Published: August 2022

Among the many restrictions implemented at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition from face-to-face learning to distance learning was perhaps the most important one. The article analyses representations on distance learning in humorous memes, highlighting the different perspectives to distance learning – those of students, teachers, and parents. The paper addresses the following research questions: Which local and global features are manifested in the Estonian memes on distance learning? How have students drawn on various cultural resources in these memes (e.g., elements of popular culture known from earlier literature, cinematography, music and elsewhere)? What do the memes tell us about the relationships between children, teens, and parents or between students and teachers? Or, in more general terms, which behavioural patterns related to distance learning are the most prevalent and which are perceived as problems in distance learning during the pandemic or serve as the butts of jokes in memes? Distance learning memes offer an alternative view on this important form of teaching and learning under the pandemic restrictions, but also on the social aspects of distance learning and the more general crisis in the sphere of education. In my approach to the vernacular reactions to distance learning, I rely on qualitative content analysis. In interpreting the distance learning tradition and its many facets, I revisit the ambivalent trickster character, well-known in folklore and mythology, who could be recognised in the role of a student, a teacher, and a parent in the crisis situation.
Causal graph extraction from news: a comparative study of time-series causality learning techniques
Authors: Maisonnave Mariano , Delbianco Fernando , Tohme Fernando , Milios Evangelos , Maguitman Ana G.
Published: August 2022

Causal graph extraction from news has the potential to aid in the understanding of complex scenarios. In particular, it can help explain and predict events, as well as conjecture about possible cause-effect connections. However, limited work has addressed the problem of large-scale extraction of causal graphs from news articles. This article presents a novel framework for extracting causal graphs from digital text media. The framework relies on topic-relevant variables representing terms and ongoing events that are selected from a domain under analysis by applying specially developed information retrieval and natural language processing methods. Events are represented as event-phrase embeddings, which make it possible to group similar events into semantically cohesive clusters. A time series of the selected variables is given as input to a causal structure learning techniques to learn a causal graph associated with the topic that is being examined. The complete framework is applied to the New York Times dataset, which covers news for a period of 246 months (roughly 20 years), and is illustrated through a case study. An initial evaluation based on synthetic data is carried out to gain insight into the most effective time-series causality learning techniques. This evaluation comprises a systematic analysis of nine state-of-the-art causal structure learning techniques and two novel ensemble methods derived from the most effective techniques. Subsequently, the complete framework based on the most promising causal structure learning technique is evaluated with domain experts in a real-world scenario through the use of the presented case study. The proposed analysis offers valuable insights into the problems of identifying topic-relevant variables from large volumes of news and learning causal graphs from time series.
A new nurse frog of the Allobates tapajos species complex (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the upper Madeira River, Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Ferrão Miquéias , Hanken James , Lima Albertina P.
Published: August 2022

Cryptic diversity is extremely common in widespread Amazonian anurans, but especially in nurse frogs of the genus Allobates. There is an urgent need to formally describe the many distinct but unnamed species, both to enable studies of their basic biology but especially to facilitate conservation of threatened environments in which many are found. Here, we describe through integrative taxonomy a new species of the Allobates tapajos species complex from the upper Madeira River, southwestern Amazonia. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data are congruent and delimit five candidate species in addition to A. tapajos sensu stricto. The new species is recovered as sister to A. tapajos clade F, a candidate species from Teles-Pires River, southeastern Amazonia. The new species differs from nominal congeners in adult and larval morphology and in male advertisement call. Egg deposition sites differ between east and west banks of the upper Madeira River, but there is no evidence of corresponding morphologic or bioacoustic differentiation. The new species appears to be restricted to riparian forests; its known geographic range falls entirely within the influence zone of reservoirs of two large dams, which underscores the urgent need of a conservation assessment through long-term monitoring. This region harbors the richest assemblage of Allobates reported for Brazilian Amazonia, with six nominal species and four additional candidate species awaiting formal description.
Para muito além do pulmão: o Covid-19 e a vida das mulheres no Brasil
Authors: Carneiro Rosa
Published: August 2022

Em meados de março de 2020 tornamo-nos parte da pandemia de Covid-19, haja vista a confirmação dos primeiros casos. Os dados epidemiológicos, gradativamente, nos permitiram pensar em “grupos de risco” ou de maior vulnerabilidade física para o vírus. Entre pessoas hipertensas, diabéticas, imunodeprimidas e idosas, foram alojadas também, em abril do mesmo ano, as mulheres grávidas e as puérperas. Essa nova classificação se deveu em parte a uma série de notícias e de práticas que passaram e deixaram de acontecer no campo dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos (contracepção, aborto legal, pré-natal e parto). No entanto, pari passu com essa caracterização, ao analisar notícias de jornais e de revistas, resultados de pesquisa em artigos científicos e diálogos estabelecidos nas redes sociais, os corpos das mulheres não me pareciam ser considerados “grupo de risco” por conta de seus pulmões, alvo da pandemia, mas repetidamente por seus úteros, vazios ou cheios. Diante disso, neste artigo, a partir de material coletado e arquivado de maneira intermitente no primeiro semestre de 2020, refleto sobre a leitura dos corpos femininos em tempos pandêmicos, tratando de entender como e por que importam e qual a diferença ou semelhanças ao serem considerados do “grupo de risco” e tomados por sua capacidade de reprodução.
CONTAR HISTÓRIAS COM MATERNIDADES: POR UMA POLÍTICA FEMINISTA DO CUIDADO
Authors: Oliveira Thais Gomes de , Maurente Vanessa Soares
Published: August 2022

O campo dos cuidados no território brasileiro deflagra uma história perpassada por subjugação e desvalorização. O que já era pensado como campo problemático em diferentes produções feministas foi evidenciado exponencialmente a partir do advento pandêmico: a crise que vivemos, social-sanitária-econômica, é também uma crise das políticas do cuidado. Este artigo busca cartografar este campo problemático através da criação de uma rede de histórias entre pessoas ocupadas de um cuidar: sujeitas interpeladas mulheres e mães, que vivem os anos de 2020 e 2021. Analisa-se a questão a partir de diferentes feminismos que consideram a intrínseca relação entre raça, gênero e classe. As histórias são condensadas de diferentes encontros e propõem uma ampliação em sistemas narrativos. Por meio delas, aponta-se para a concepção do cuidado como relacional, em uma perspectiva feminista, considerando o espaço doméstico como parte fundamental dessa construção.Palavras-chave: feminismo; maternidade; contação de histórias, cuidado; pandemia.
MULHERES GORDAS NA PANDEMIA: gordofobia, (re)existências e ativismo gordo
Authors: Raposo Leila Cunha , Jimenez Jimenez Maria Luisa
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Discutimos as inter-relações entre gordofobia, (re)existências e ativismo gordo, no que concerne às experiências de mulheres gordas durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus, tendo por diretriz relatos públicos postados no perfil @malijimenez, no Instagram. Para tanto, importam também as nossas experiências como mulheres gordas, numa perspectiva autoetnográfica, em diálogo com o aporte teórico-crítico que evidencia o campo dos estudos do corpo gordo, o movimento decolonial, o ativismo gordo e o feminismo decolonial em diálogo com o feminismo gordo. Objetivamos, nesse sentido, discutir de que modo a pandemia do novo coronavírus evidenciou a gordofobia no Brasil, ao tempo em que a exacerbou, bem como de quais formas têm se dado a atuação do ativismo de mulheres gordas nesse processo de enfrentamento ao preconceito. Realizamos, nesse sentido, um estudo autoetnográfico, de base qualitativa e de revisão bibliográfica, pautado em relatos pessoais de mulheres gordas publicados no perfil  @malijimenez – direcionado ao ativismo gordo, no Instagram. Observamos que, apesar da gordofobia ter se intensificado na pandemia, muitas mulheres gordas construíram ferramentas de subversão e (re)existência.
 
Palavras-chave: Gordofobia. Covid-19. Estudos do corpo gordo. Feminismo gordo.
BEM ME QUERO, MAL ME QUEREM: O GRAVAME IMPOSTO AS MULHERES EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: NOGUEIRA RAFAELLA ALVES
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo circunda inicialmente o papel do cuidado imposto à mulher, além da imposição social destinado ao sexo feminino ao âmbito privado, enquanto para o homem sempre houveram privilégios para se inserir na seara pública. Desta feita, analisa-se como esta problemática estrutural dificulta a inserção da mulher na vida pública, e principalmente, quais os efeitos nefastos que as mulheres vem passando neste período pandêmico, já que se foi intensificada a sobrecarga do cuidado com o outro (parentes, filhos e pessoas próximas), além dos afazeres domésticos, combinado ao desemprego, e consequentemente o surgimento de problemas físicos e psicológicos. Por fim, decorreremos sobre as politicas que foram, ou não, desenvolvidas para mitigar os efeitos causados pelo isolamento social.Palavras-chaves: Pandemia COVID-19; Desigualdade de gênero; papel do cuidado; Sobrecarga feminina.
Differences in Face-to-Face Time Spent With a Dermatologist Among Patients With Psoriasis Based on Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Wu Kevin K. , Armstrong April W.
Published: August 2022

This cross-sectional study examines whether a physician’s time spent with a patient with psoriasis differs based on the patient’s race and ethnicity.
Tumour suppressor p53 inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by inducing E6AP‐mediated proteasomal degradation of the viral core protein
Authors: Park Ji‐Min , Yoon Hyunyoung , Jeong Yuna , Jang Kyung Lib
Published: August 2022

The tumour suppressor p53 has been implicated in the host defence system against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, although the detailed mechanism remains unknown. Here, we found that p53 inhibits HCV replication by downregulating HCV Core protein levels in human hepatoma cells. For this effect, p53 potentiated the role of E6‐associated protein (E6AP) as an E3 ligase to induce ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HCV Core. Specifically, p53 facilitated the binding of E6AP to HCV Core through direct interactions with the two proteins. In addition, E6AP failed to induce ubiquitination of HCV Core in the absence of p53, suggesting that p53 increases the E3 ligase activity of E6AP in a triple complex consisting of p53, E6AP and HCV Core.
The mitochondrial enzyme FAHD1 regulates complex II activity in breast cancer cells and is indispensable for basal BT‐20 cells in vitro
Authors: Holzknecht Max , Guerrero‐Navarro Lena , Petit Michele , Albertini Eva , Damisch Elisabeth , Simonini Anna , Schmitt Fernando , Parson Walther , Fiegl Heidelinde , Weiss Alexander , Jansen‐Duerr Pidder
Published: August 2022

The mitochondrial enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain‐containing protein 1 (FAHD1) was identified to be upregulated in breast cancer tissues. Here, we show that FAHD1 is indispensable for the survival of BT‐20 cells, representing the basal breast cancer cell type. A lentiviral knock‐down of FAHD1 in the breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and BT‐20 results in lower succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity. In luminal MCF‐7 cells, this leads to reduced proliferation when cultured in medium containing only glutamine as the carbon source. Of note, both cell lines show attenuated protein levels of the enzyme glutaminase (GLS) which activates programmed cell death in BT‐20. These findings demonstrate that FAHD1 is crucial for the functionality of complex II in breast cancer cells and acts on glutaminolysis in the mitochondria.
Validation and adjustment of modified Erasmus GBS outcome score in Bangladesh
Authors: Papri Nowshin , Doets Alex Y. , Mohammad Quazi D. , Endtz Hubert P. , Lingsma Hester F. , Jacobs Bart C. , Islam Zhahirul
Published: July 2022

Objective

We have assessed and improved the performance of the modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (mEGOS) among patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) from Bangladesh.

Methods

Validation cohort consisted of patients with GBS from two prospective cohort studies in Bangladesh. Poor outcome was defined as being unable to walk independently at week 4 and week 26. We excluded patients able to walk independently, patients who died within the first week, or with missing GBS disability scores. Performance of mEGOS at entry and week 1 was determined based on the discriminative ability (ability to differentiate between patients able and unable to walk independently; measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC]) and calibration (observed probability versus predicted probability of poor outcome).

Results

A total of 506 patients aged ≥6‐year‐old were enrolled, with 471 and 366 patients included in mEGOS validation analysis at entry and week 1, respectively. The AUC values for predicting poor outcome (1) at week 4 were 0.69 (mEGOS entry) and 0.78 (mEGOS week 1) and (2) at week 26 were 0.67 (mEGOS entry) and 0.70 (mEGOS week 1). Mean predicted probabilities of poor outcome corresponded with observed outcomes except for the probability of poor outcome at week 4 which was overestimated by mEGOS week 1. This was resolved by updating the model intercept.

Interpretation

The mEGOS shows valid outcome predictions among patients with GBS from Bangladesh. The model can aid the identification of patients at high risk of poor outcome and help to adequately allocate healthcare resources in low‐resource settings.
A Hollow Amorphous Bimetal Organic Framework for Synergistic Cuproptosis/Ferroptosis/Apoptosis Anticancer Therapy via Disrupting Intracellular Redox Homeostasis and Copper/Iron Metabolisms
Authors: Xu Weijun , Qian Junmin , Hou Guanghui , Wang Taibing , Wang Jinlei , Wang Yaping , Yang Lijun , Cui Xinke , Suo Aili
Published: July 2022

Cuproptosis is a very newly recognized regulated cell death modality that is distinct from known death mechanisms and shows enormous prospect in cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is copper‐dependent and restricted by strictly regulated copper metabolism. Herein, a novel copper/iron hybrid hollow amorphous metal organic framework (HaMOF) is developed as an oxidative stress amplifier and copper/iron metabolic disrupter for synergistic cuproptosis/ferroptosis/apoptosis anticancer therapy. The HaMOF is fabricated from Cu2+, 3,3′‐dithiobis(propionohydrazide) and Fe3+ via an unsaturated coordination‐etching integration strategy, and then doxorubicin is loaded followed by surface decoration with hyaluronan. The obtained DOX@Fe/CuTH exhibits tumor microenvironment‐triggered catalytic therapeutic property, wherein it can amplify cellular oxidative stress by simultaneously boosting H2O2 production and depleting glutathione. Moreover, it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulate the expressions of copper transporter ATP7A and iron transporter FPN 1, thereby leading to metabolic disorders and high retentions of copper/iron in cytoplasm for •OH generation. The overloaded Cu2+ can cause lipoylated protein dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase aggregation and lead to cellular cuproptosis. Collectively, both augmented oxidative stress and overloaded copper/iron induce potent ferroptosis, which synergizes with cuproptosis and DOX‐mediated apoptosis to efficiently suppress tumor growth. This bimetallic hollow nanoplatform provides a new therapeutic modality paradigm to boost cuproptosis‐related therapies.
Cation‐π Interaction‐Mediated Tumour Drug Delivery for Deep Intratumoral Penetration and Treatment
Authors: Liu Chengfei , Li Muqiong , Sun Jianxiang , Li Pengxiang , Bai Yang , Zhang JuAn , Qian Yongchao , Shi Menghan , He Jia , Huo Hongbin , Pang Jun , Fan Li , Tian Wei
Published: July 2022

The limited efficacy of deep tumor treatments has been considered the “Achilles’ heel” of anticancer therapy due to multiple biological barriers. Whether passive diffusion or active transport has difficulties completely overcoming these obstacles. Herein, cation‐π interactions are utilized to construct a tumor drug delivery system integrating the merits of both passive and active transport mechanisms. A cation‐π interaction bridged trimetallic supramolecular drug complex (Cπ‐TMSDC) is constructed based on a drug consisting of one cisplatin molecule linked by K+ (Pt‐COOK) and the other drug with a Ru metal complex containing curcumin (Ru‐Cur). The obtained Cπ‐TMSDC further self‐assembles into cation‐π‐based trimetallic supramolecular drug micelles (Cπ‐TMSDMs) with efficient and stable transportation in vivo due to the strong cation‐π interaction formed between K+ and the curcumin unit in the Cπ‐TMSDC. In acidic tumor microenvironment, the cation‐π interaction smartly dissociates, facilitating the quick release of Pt‐COOK outside Cπ‐TMSDMs to rapidly infiltrate the outer cellular layers by passive diffusion. Meanwhile, the dissociated Ru‐Cur from the core layer of the Cπ‐TMSDMs form secondary self‐assemblies to deeply penetrate inside the solid tumor. Therefore, this strategy results in an efficient tumor drug delivery platform with enhanced deep intratumoral penetration, improved therapeutic effects, and reduced systemic toxicity to normal organs.
Engineering Prelithiation of Polyacrylic Acid Binder: A Universal Strategy to Boost Initial Coulombic Efficiency for High‐Areal‐Capacity Si‐Based Anodes
Authors: Li Zeheng , Tang Weiting , Yang Yajun , Lai Guoyong , Lin Zheng , Xiao Huayan , Qiu Juncheng , Wei Xiujuan , Wu Shuxing , Lin Zhan
Published: July 2022

The low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and insufficient cycling lives of silicon (Si)‐based anodes seriously hinder their eventual introduction into next‐generation high‐energy‐density lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, an engineering prelithiation binder strategy based on polyacrylic acid (LixPAA) is proposed for representative SiOx anodes. The ICEs and cycling lives of SiOx anodes are significantly improved by precisely controlling the lithiation degree of PAA binder. The ICE of the high‐loading (3.0 mg cm−2) SiOx electrode increases by 10.9% when the Li0.75PAA binder replaces the PAA binder. Moreover, the working mechanism of the lithiation binder strategy to improve the electrochemical performances (especially for ICE) is systematically investigated, which is universally applied to other Si anodes such as Si nanoparticles and Si/graphite. This universal binder strategy and proposed working mechanism provide enlightenment on constructing high‐ICE, high‐energy‐density, and long‐life Si‐based anodes.
Dielectric Elastomer Architectures with Strain‐Tunable Permittivity
Authors: O'Neill Maura R. , Sessions Deanna , Arora Nitesh , Chen Vincent W. , Juhl Abigail , Huff Gregory H. , Rudykh Stephan , Shepherd Robert F. , Buskohl Philip R.
Published: July 2022

Flexible hybrid electronic (FHE) materials and devices exploit the interaction of mechanical and electromagnetic properties to operate in new form factors and loading environments, which are key for advancing wearable sensors, flexible antennas, and soft robotic skin technologies. Dielectric elastomer (DE) architectures offer a novel substrate material for this application space as they are a class of strain‐tolerant and programmable metamaterials that derive their mechanical and dielectric properties from their architecture. Due to their hyperelasticity, dielectric elastomers can leverage reversible finite deformation to physically reconfigure their internal architecture to repeatedly tune their material behavior. Here a combined computational and experimental study of two dielectric elastomer architectures, based on square and hexagonal unit cell periodicities are presented. A shift in effective permittivity is observed due to the relative increase in matrix volume and the rearrangement of the electric field distribution in the cells. Additive fabrication allows rapid unit cell geometry customization for tuning the electromechanical response of the architectures. Effective permittivity shifts Δε2 > 0.7 under compressive strains of 35% are observed. The practical utility of this strain‐tunable permittivity is demonstrated in a microstrip patch antenna, which exhibits shifts in resonance frequency greater than 110 MHz when the dielectric elastomer substrate is compressed.
Redox‐Driven Cu─Pd Bond Formation to Enhance the Efficiency for Electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Lai Yi-An , Chu You-Chiuan , Chang Chia-Jui , Chen Kuan-Hsu , Hsiao Yu-Cheng , Chang Chun-Chih , Liao Mei-Yi , Chen Hao Ming
Published: August 2022

The redox reaction as the driving force induces the dynamic structure of the electrocatalyst, which enhances the performance of the catalysis. Yet, it lacks the understanding of the influence of redox driving force on the transforming process, inhibiting obtaining the actual factor that determines the catalytic performance. Resorting to the pulse and in situ methodology, herein, the effect of spontaneous reoxidation on the structural transformation of the Cu–Pd bimetallic catalyst for CO2 electroreduction is investigated. During the pulse program, applying the open‐circuit voltage and cathodic potential intermittently oxidizes and reduces the Cu–Pd bimetallic catalyst, which systematically reveals the catalyst redox reaction imparting the increase in CO2‐to‐CO selectivity. Through in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), the dynamic structure induced by the spontaneous reoxidation is unveiled, suggesting the Cu─Pd bond formation for the bimetallic catalyst with a higher Pd content. Such a reoxidation‐induced Cu─Pd bond enhances the CO faradaic efficiency to 88% with the CO current density of −132 mA cm−2. By the methodologies, a new perspective is provided to understand the redox‐driven dynamic structure and the corresponding effect on the product selectivity, which is a vital concept to design the new catalysts in the future.
Time‐dependent prediction of mortality and cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using machine learning
Authors: Eisenberg Lisa ,   the XplOit consortium, Brossette Christian , Rauch Jochen , Grandjean Andrea , Ottinger Hellmut , Rissland Jürgen , Schwarz Ulf , Graf Norbert , Beelen Dietrich W. , Kiefer Stephan , Pfeifer Nico , Turki Amin T.
Published: July 2022

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) effectively treats high‐risk hematologic diseases but can entail HCT‐specific complications, which may be minimized by appropriate patient management, supported by accurate, individual risk estimation. However, almost all HCT risk scores are limited to a single risk assessment before HCT without incorporation of additional data. We developed machine learning models that integrate both baseline patient data and time‐dependent laboratory measurements to individually predict mortality and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after HCT at multiple time points per patient. These gradient boosting machine models provide well‐calibrated, time‐dependent risk predictions and achieved areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic of 0.92 and 0.83 and areas under the precision–recall curve of 0.58 and 0.62 for prediction of mortality and CMV reactivation, respectively, in a 21‐day time window. Both models were successfully validated in a prospective, non‐interventional study and performed on par with expert hematologists in a pilot comparison.
Antibody Response to HML‐2 May Be Protective in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Garcia‐Montojo Marta , Simula Elena Rita , Fathi Saeed , McMahan Cynthia , Ghosal Anubrata , Berry James D. , Cudkowicz Merit , Elkahloun Abdel , Johnson Kory , Norato Gina , Jensen Peter , James Tony , Sechi Leonardo A. , Nath Avindra
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Reactivation of HERV‐K(HML‐2) has been found in subsets of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study examines the antibody response against HML‐2 in ALS and analyzes its clinical relevance.

Methods

Antibodies to HML‐2 envelope (env) were analyzed using a peptide array for epitope mapping and by a peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 242 healthy donors, and 243 ALS and 85 multiple sclerosis (MS) individuals. Extracellular levels of HML‐2 were analyzed by digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

Antibodies in the sera of ALS individuals recognized more HML‐2 env peptides compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001). ALS individuals had higher levels of HML‐2 than healthy donors (p = 0.02) and higher antibody levels against a select HML‐2 env peptide compared to healthy donors or individuals with multiple sclerosis (p < 0.0001). 55.14% of ALS compared to 21.16% of healthy donors and 13.10% of MS individuals had antibodies against the HML‐2 peptide (AUC = 0.769, p < 0.0001). Levels of extracellular HML‐2 DNA in serum (p = 0.02) and the number of HML‐2 env peptides recognized by ALS sera (p = 0.02) correlated with disease duration. Among ALS individuals, lower levels of HML‐2 antibodies were associated with a definite diagnosis per EL Escorial criteria (p = 0.03), and with a lower predicted (p = 0.02) and observed survival (p = 0.03).

Interpretation

There is a differential antibody response against specific epitopes of HML‐2 env in ALS and controls, suggesting epitope spreading, likely due to persistent antigenic exposure following reactivation of the viral genes. Low levels of antibodies to HML‐2 env in ALS are associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival probability. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:782–792
A Critique of Coordinated Management of Meaning and Circularity in Relation to Countering Oppressive Practice: Reflections from a Trainee Therapist
Authors: Yim See Heng
Published: August 2022

This is a personal reflective piece based on my clinical and personal experience in the current environment, which can feel at times oppressive. I situate my critique as an early‐career psychologist who holds multiple marginalised identities. Using systemic ideas, particularly coordinated management of meaning, circularity, and reflective teams, I use case examples to illustrate how practitioners can deconstruct power and resist dominant narratives, countering oppressive practice in action. I critique the existing systemic literature in relation to anti‐oppressive work and offer suggestions for future research and practice such as holding an anti‐oppressive lens and understanding power and difference within the reflecting team.
Influence of nanosized defects on photoluminescence efficiency of Er3+ ions co‐doped with Au2O3 in a lead boroselenate glass ceramic system: a novel approach using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Siva Sesha Reddy Annapureddy , Kostrzewa Marek , Ravi Kumar Valluri , Ingram Adam , Venkatramaiah Nutalapati , Sahaya Baskaran Gnanamuthu , Ravi Kumar Vandana , Veeraiah Nalluri
Published: August 2022

This study consists of the results of an investigation into the influence of the free‐volume space (fv) defects on luminescence efficiency (LE) of erbium ions in Au2O3‐doped PbO–B2O3–SeO2 (PBS) glass ceramics. Glass ceramics containing fixed concentrations of Er3+ ions and varied concentrations of Au2O3 were synthesized. X‐ray diffraction studies indicated that the samples contained Au2(SeO3)3 crystalline phase and nano gold metallic particles. The concentration of defects entrenched in the glass ceramics estimated in terms of Au2O3 content using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurement indicated the highest content in the glass ceramic containing 0.075 mol% of Au2O3. Optical absorption and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the glass ceramics were studied in the visible region. The observed increase of PL efficiency was attributed to the enhanced concentration of free‐volume imperfections in the samples. A perfect correlation could be achieved between the free‐volume fraction and the PL efficiency of erbium ions in these glass ceramics.
Managing electromyogram contamination in scalp recordings: An approach identifying reliable beta and gamma EEG features of psychoses or other disorders
Authors: Pope Kenneth J. , Lewis Trent W. , Fitzgibbon Sean P. , Janani Azin S. , Grummett Tyler S. , Williams Patricia A. H. , Battersby Malcolm , Bastiampillai Tarun , Whitham Emma M. , Willoughby John O.
Published: August 2022

Objective

In publications on the electroencephalographic (EEG) features of psychoses and other disorders, various methods are utilized to diminish electromyogram (EMG) contamination. The extent of residual EMG contamination using these methods has not been recognized. Here, we seek to emphasize the extent of residual EMG contamination of EEG.

Methods

We compared scalp electrical recordings after applying different EMG‐pruning methods with recordings of EMG‐free data from 6 fully paralyzed healthy subjects. We calculated the ratio of the power of pruned, normal scalp electrical recordings in the six subjects, to the power of unpruned recordings in the same subjects when paralyzed. We produced “contamination graphs” for different pruning methods.

Results

EMG contamination exceeds EEG signals progressively more as frequencies exceed 25 Hz and with distance from the vertex. In contrast, Laplacian signals are spared in central scalp areas, even to 100 Hz.

Conclusion

Given probable EMG contamination of EEG in psychiatric and other studies, few findings on beta‐ or gamma‐frequency power can be relied upon. Based on the effectiveness of current methods of EEG de‐contamination, investigators should be able to reanalyze recorded data, reevaluate conclusions from high‐frequency EEG data, and be aware of limitations of the methods.
MicroRNA‐204‐5p: A pivotal tumor suppressor
Authors: Yang Fan , Bian Zehua , Xu Peiwen , Sun Shengbai , Huang Zhaohui
Published: July 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non‐coding single‐stranded RNA molecules with a length of approximately 18‐25 nt nucleotides that regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally. MiR‐204‐5p originates from the sixth intron of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 (TRPM3) gene. MiR‐204‐5p is frequently downregulated in various cancer types and is related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of cancer patients. So far, many studies have determined that miR‐204‐5p functions as a tumor suppressor for its extensive and powerful capacity to inhibit tumor proliferation, metastasis, autophagy, and chemoresistance in multiple cancer types. MiR‐204‐5p appears to be a promising prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for human cancers. This review summarized the latest advances on the role of miR‐204‐5p in human cancers.
IGF2BP2 promotes pancreatic carcinoma progression by enhancing the stability of B3GNT6 mRNA via m6A methylation
Authors: Cao Pei , Wu Yufan , Sun Ding , Zhang Weigang , Qiu Junyi , Tang Zuxiong , Xue Xiaofeng , Qin Lei
Published: July 2022

Background

Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is a highly lethal cancer with an increasing mortality rate, its five‐year survival rate is only approximately 4%. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common posttranscriptional modification of RNA, it could affect tumor formation by regulating m6A modifications in the mRNA of key oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. However, its role in PC remains unclear.

Methods

We combined bioinformatic analysis with in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the expression profile of methylation modulators and identify key m6A regulators in the progression of PC. Further study focused on exploring the target genes binding to the regulators through RIP and immunofluorescence staining experiment.

Results

TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analyses revealed an overall increasing trend in the expression of m6A regulators in PC, and consensus clustering analysis of m6A modification showed that the expression of regulators was negatively correlated with the survival rate. LASSO‐Cox regression analysis revealed that IGF2BP2, METTL3, ALKBH5 and KIAA1429 were associated with hazard ratios (HR), but only IGF2BP2 was sufficiently appropriate for the m6A survival prognosis model. The IHC and WB results verified high protein expression of IGF2BP2 in PC, and IGF2BP2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC cells. We predicted and verified B3GNT6 was observably regulated by IGF2BP2 via RIP assays. In addition, IF staining confirmed the co‐expression of IGF2BP2 and B3GNT6. The tumor‐promoting effect of IGF2BP2 and its co‐expression with B3GNT6 were verified in an animal model.

Conclusions

Elevated m6A levels promote PC progression. IGF2BP2 is a credible marker and modulates B3GNT6 mRNA stability, indicating that IGF2BP2 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in PC progression.
Genome‐wide analysis of colorectal cancer based on gene‐based somatic copy number alterations during neoplastic progression within the same tumor
Authors: Yamada Shun , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Uesugi Noriyuki , Yanagawa Naoki , Matsumoto Takayuki , Suzuki Hiromu , Sugai Tamotsu
Published: August 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to elucidate the association between neoplastic progression and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) occurring within the same colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor.

Methods

We investigated SCNAs to identify the progression from a high‐grade intramucosal lesion (HGIL) to an invasive front lesion (IFL), via an invasive submucosal lesion (ISL), within the same tumor using a crypt isolation method combined with a SNP array. Immunohistochemistry was also performed.

Results

We identified 51 amplified genes that potentially promote progression from HGIL to ISL and 6 amplified genes involved in the progression from ISL to IFL. Of the 51 genes involved in HGIL to ISL progression, TORC1, MSLN, and STUB1, which are closely associated with CRC, were identified as candidate markers of submucosal invasion. However, no candidate genes were identified among the six genes associated with ISL to IFL progression. In addition, the number of total SCNAs and the number of gains were correlated with cancer progression (from HGIL to IFL). Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of TORC1, MSLN, and STUB1 in ISL than in HGIL.

Conclusions

These results suggest that specific SCNAs are required for acquisition of invasive ability in CRC, and the affected genes are potential markers of invasion.
The Fluorescent Enzyme Cascade Detects Low Abundance Protein Modifications Suitable for the Assembly of Functionally Annotated Modificatome Databases
Authors: Hoppe Isabel J. , Prommegger Bernhard , Uhl Andreas , Lohrig Urs , Huber Christian G. , Brandstetter Hans
Published: August 2022

Pathophysiological functions of proteins critically depend on both their chemical composition, including post‐translational modifications, and their three‐dimensional structure, commonly referred to as structure‐activity relationship. Current analytical methods, like capillary electrophoresis or mass spectrometry, suffer from limitations, such as the detection of unexpected modifications at low abundance and their insensitivity to conformational changes. Building on previous enzyme‐based analytical methods, we here introduce a fluorescence‐based enzyme cascade (fEC), which can detect diverse chemical and conformational variations in protein samples and assemble them into digital databases. Together with complementary analytical methods an automated fEC analysis established unique modification‐function relationships, which can be expanded to a proteome‐wide scale, i. e. a functionally annotated modificatome. The fEC offers diverse applications, including hypersensitive biomarker detection in complex samples.
A laryngeal foreign body resembling cervical emphysema
Authors: Nishiori Hironobu , Tohma Takayuki , Fujita Hisanori , Yamaguchi Seiichi
Published: August 2022

An 81‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of chest discomfort; CT imaging suggested for cervical emphysema. However, direct observation revealed a grilled liver stuck to the larynx. Carefully taking the patient's history, especially diet, is important to diagnose a laryngeal foreign body correctly.
A surgical treatment for frank rupture of acute type a small intramural hematoma
Authors: Ueda Daisuke , Niwa Kosuke , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Tsuchida Yasuaki , Yamashita Keigo
Published: August 2022

A 71‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital due to cardiac tamponade. Computed tomography revealed that the diameter and wall thickness of the ascending aorta were 36 and 9 mm, respectively. An emergent ascending aortic replacement was performed uneventfully. The pathological findings indicated frank rupture of intramural hematoma.
Detection and categorization of acute intracranial hemorrhage subtypes using a multilayer DenseNet‐ResNet architecture with improved random forest classifier
Authors: Monica Jenefer Balraj M. , Senathipathi K. , Aarthi  , Annapandi
Published: August 2022

In this article, the detection and categorization of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) subtypes using a multilayer DenseNet‐ResNet architecture with improved random forest classifier (IRF) is proposed to detect the subtypes of intracerebral hemorrhage with high accuracy and less computational time. Here, the brain CT images are taken from the physionet repository publicly dataset. Then the images are preprocessed to eliminate the unwanted noises. After that, the image features are extracted by using multilayer densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) combined with residual network (ResNet) architecture with multiple convolutional layers. The subtypes are epidural hemorrhage (EDH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), subdural hemorrhage (SDH), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are classified by using an IRF classifier with high accuracy. The simulation process is carried out in MATLAB site. The proposed multilayer‐DenseNet‐ResNet‐IRF attains higher accuracy 23.44%, 31.93%, 42.83%, 41.9% is compared with the existing methods, such as deep learning algorithm for automatic detection and classification of acute intracranial hemorrhages in head CT scans (ICH‐DC‐2D‐CNN), fusion‐based deep learning along nature‐inspired algorithm for the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH‐DC‐FSVM), and detection of intracranial hemorrhage on CT scan images using convolutional neural network (ICH‐DC‐CNN) and double fully convolutional networks (FCNs), respectively.
Machine learning and IoT‐based model for patient monitoring and early prediction of diabetes
Authors: Verma Navneet , Singh Sukhdip , Prasad Devendra
Published: August 2022

Health monitoring is one of the sustainable development areas throughout the globe and Diabetes Mellitus is a common disease worldwide that is one of the main causes of health disasters. Currently, Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) technology together provide a proficient approach for monitoring and predicting diabetes mellitus. In this article, we have proposed a model which uses the hybrid enhanced adaptive data rate (HEADR) algorithm for long range (LoRa) protocol of the Internet of Things (IoT) for patient's real‐time data gathering. Further, machine learning prediction takes place by using classification methods for the detection of diabetes severity levels on collected data through LoRa protocol. The performance of the LoRa protocol is evaluated on the Contiki Cooja simulator based on throughput and packet collision parameters. The proposed model uses different machine learning classifiers, namely, gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) to predict diabetes with maximum accuracy score, precision, recall, F‐measure, and receiver operating curve (ROC), using Python programming language.
In Situ Construction of WO3/Bi2WO6 Heterogeneous Materials for Advanced Photocatalytic Activity in Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Xinjun , Li Bian , Xu Fang , Wu Dapeng , Jiang Yuqin , Li Wei , Jiang Kai
Published: August 2022

The composite photocatalyst composed of WO3 and Bi2WO6 can play the synergistic effect between the two individual components. Herein, a WO3/Bi2WO6 heterogeneous material with high quality interface has been synthesized via situ growing Bi2WO6 directly on the surface of WO3 nanoplates. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) for BWO‐3 reaches ≈92%, which is much higher than that of WO3 (≈27%) due to the coupling effect of WO3 and Bi2WO6. Electrochemical impedance and photocurrent measurements prove that WO3/Bi2WO6 heterogeneous material has decreased carriers’ transfer resistance and higher photocurrent density, which endows its improved photocatalytic performance. Also, the radical trapping experiment proves that superoxide radical has great impacts on the degradation of TC. This work provides an efficient method for developing photocatalysts with excellent performance.
Optical Manipulation of a Liquid Crystal (LC) Microdroplet by Optical Force
Authors: Yeng Muhamad Safuan Mat , Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Sasaki Keiji
Published: August 2022

Liquid crystal (LC) is a particular type of molecule that exhibits directional properties. Its optical birefringence property offers potential non‐contact optical manipulation by optical forces. The optical manipulation of LC in the form of microdroplets shows various potential applications such as biosensors and microactuators. This review discusses the basic concept of LC, the optical manipulation of LC, and its potential applications as LC‐based sensors and microactuators in the form of microdroplets.
Electrolyte Engineering for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Over Non‐Noble Metal Electrodes Achieving High Current Density in the Presence of Chloride Ion
Authors: Komiya Hiroki , Shinagawa Tatsuya , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: August 2022

Direct seawater electrolysis potentially simplifies the electrolysis process and leads to a decrease in the cost of green hydrogen production. However, impurities present in the seawater, especially chloride ions (Cl−), cause corrosion of the electrode material, and its oxidation competes with the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By carefully tuning electrode substrate and electrolyte solutions, the CoFeOxHy/Ti electrode with high double‐layer capacitance actively and stably electro‐catalyzed the OER in potassium borate solutions at pH 9.2 in the presence of 0.5 mol kg−1 Cl−. The electrode possesses an active site motif composed of either a Co‐ or Fe‐domain and benefits from an enlarged surface area. Selective OER was demonstrated in Cl−‐containing electrolyte solutions at an elevated reaction temperature, stably achieving 500 mA cm−2 at a mere potential of 1.67 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 353 K for multiple on‐off and long‐term testing processes with a faradaic efficiency of unity toward the OER.
Tailoring the Boron Configurations in B‐doped Na3V2(PO4)3@Carbon for Fast and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Yan Dong , Xiao Shuhao , Li Xinyan , Wu Rui , Jiang Jinxia , Niu Xiaobin , Chen Jun Song
Published: August 2022

Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP) is a widely studied cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries because of its high ionic conductivity and attractive charge/discharge plateau (3.4 V vs. Na/Na+). However, its poor electronic conductivity and severe volume expansion during sodium storage need to be addressed before its intensive application could be realized. Herein, boron‐doped NVP was synthesized through a facile electrospinning method. By adding boric acid into the reaction mixture during electrospinning followed by carbonization, boron could be directly inserted into the carbon matrix, giving rise to B‐doped carbon nanofiber wrapped NVP. By tuning the doping amount, the boron‐containing configurations could be facilely manipulated, playing different roles in promoting the sodium storage properties of the composite. Based on the calculation results, BC2O enhanced sodium diffusion by lowering the energy barrier, while BCO2improved the structural stability. Due to these specific functionalities of the configurations, the as‐prepared composite with a balanced amount of BC2O and BCO2demonstrated superior sodium storage capacity of 113 mAh g−1at 1 C, outstanding long cycling performance of 103 mAh g−1at 10 C, and retained 91 mAh g−1after 1500 cycles. This gave rise to a capacity loss of only 0.08‰ per cycle, much better than the undoped counterpart.
CD47‐SIRPα blocking‐based immunotherapy: Current and prospective therapeutic strategies
Authors: Bouwstra Renée , van Meerten Tom , Bremer Edwin
Published: July 2022

Background

The CD47‐signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) ‘don't eat me’ signalling axis is perhaps the most prominent innate immune checkpoint to date. However, from initial clinical trials, it is evident that monotherapy with CD47‐SIRPα blocking has a limited therapeutic effect at the maximum tolerated dose. Furthermore, treatment is associated with severe side effects, most notably anaemia, that are attributable to the ubiquitous expression of CD47. Nevertheless, promising clinical responses have been reported upon combination with the tumour‐targeting antibody rituximab or azacytidine, although toxicity issues still hamper clinical application.

Main body

Here, we discuss the current state of CD47‐SIRPα blocking therapy with a focus on limitations of current strategies, such as depletion of red blood cells. Subsequently, we focus on innovations designed to overcome these limitations. These include novel antibody formats designed to selectively target CD47 on tumour cells as well as tumour‐targeted bispecific antibodies with improved selectivity. In addition, the rationale and outcome of combinatorial approaches to improve the therapeutic effect of CD47 blockade are discussed. Such combinations include those with tumour‐targeted opsonizing antibodies, systemic therapy, epigenetic drugs, other immunomodulatory T‐cell‐targeted therapeutics or dual immunomodulatory CD47 bispecific antibodies.

Conclusion

With these advances in the design of CD47‐SIRPα‐targeting therapeutic strategies and increasing insight into the mechanism of action of this innate checkpoint, including the role of adaptive immunity, further advances in the clinical application of this checkpoint can be anticipated.