bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonblinded study of immersive virtual reality efficacy for motor rehabilitation in patients with acute ischemic stroke: results presented
Authors: Zakharov AV  , Khivintseva EV  , Kolsanov AV  , Poverennova IE  , Pyatin VF  , Chaplygin SS  , Kalinin VA
Published: October 2019

Objectives – to evaluate the efficacy of the immersive virtual reality (VR) as a supplementary method of the motor function restoration in the lower extremities of the patients with acute ischemic stroke in the carotid territory. Berg balance scale dynamics was used for patients assessment.

Material and methods. The study included 33 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the carotid territory. The patients were randomized into two groups: the control group received the conventional treatment; the experimental group additionally received VR therapy with a sensory impact. The VR therapy included 10 sessions of 15 minutesduration each.
Results. On the 6th day of VR treatment, the static-locomotor function index on Berg balance scale was significantly improved in patients in the experimental group (p=0.03). On the last day of rehabilitation, the difference between the study groups in the static locomotor function demonstrated the improvement on 23 points (95% CI 13–27 points) in the experimental group, the Berg balance scale improvement reached 7 points (95% CI 2–13 points).
Conclusion. The study revealed the positive input of the immersive VR sessions in static loco-motor function rehabilitation in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke. The method demonstrated its safety and acceptability in this category of patients. Deeper immersion through the use of an explicit interaction with the VR objects could increase the efficiency of this rehabilitation method in static locomotor function restoration.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PREMISES LOCATED IN THE ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENT BUILDING
Authors: Kalynichenko Iuliia , Nazarian Diana
Published: October 2019

The components of value are determined. The ranking of factors, which influence the cost of buildings the monuments of architecture, is carried out. It is proved that such factors as the historical and artistic value of a buildings-monuments increase the value of the object of estimation and, at the same time, make expensive assessments, substantial expenses for restoration, repair and maintenance. It is substantiated that the prestige of the architectural monument increases the income from the use of commercial premises located in it. However, the more unique a monument, the more encumbrances and restrictions exist in the implementation of any transaction, in the conduct of economic activity in the premises that are located in such a building. The variant of classification of architectural monuments according to the method of use is suggested. The peculiarity of application of three generally accepted in the world practice of estimation of methodical approaches to determination of cost of architectural monument is analyzed. The main advantage of the cost approach is the ability to accurately determine the value of low-performing markets. Without cost analysis it is impossible to make informed decisions about the feasibility of projects for the reconstruction of architectural monuments. However, it is virtually impossible to determine accurately the cost of materials and construction technologies that existed at the time of construction of the monument. A comparable approach can only be used when assessing the premises located in buildings-monuments of urban background construction. In this case, the comparative approach will have a complementary character with respect to the results obtained by other approaches. It is proved that the use of an integral coefficient that takes into account the value of an architectural monument as an object of cultural heritage does not affect the final value of the value of the commercial premises in which it is located. It is substantiated that the main methodological approach for estimating the value of commercial premises located in monuments is the income approach. The main criterion for investment attractiveness of commercial real estate is profitability. In determining the value through the use of a return approach, in addition to a retrospective analysis, possible scenarios for future activities are modeled.
INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SUPPORT LEVEL OF THE ENTERPRISE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Marchenko Volodymyr
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of research of separate aspects of the process of complex assessment of the strategic management level of the enterprise innovative development on the basis of the methodology of multi-purpose analysis of the situations of making managerial decisions in conditions of uncertainty, conflict and risk. An appropriate system of generalized and partial indicators of the functioning of the enterprise, which influence the level of its innovation development, is formed. It includes: 1) a subsystem of the indicators of a generalized assessment of the state of organizational, technical and economic development of the enterprise; 2) a subsystem of effective quality indicators for assessing the level of strategic management of innovative development of the enterprise.
In order to carry out the analysis of the factors impact on the results of the innovation activity of the enterprise, a modified aggregate rating criterion is chosen. It is based on the average geometric value of the detailed indicators. The above-mentioned facts allow obtaining integrated assessments of the level of strategic management of innovative development of the enterprise by reducing the negative impact of the levelling of individual indicators, the values of which fall out of the general trend of the studied processes. It is noted that the property of taking into account the antagonism of the economic environment is inherent to the recommended for use in the process of integrated assessment of the level of strategic management of innovative development of the enterprise by the average geometric meanings of the detailed indicators that characterize the situation of making innovative decisions. Thus, to some extent, it is possible to take into account the continuous overall impact of the competitive environment of the enterprise.
In order to carry out an in-depth study of assessments of the level of strategic management of innovation development and innovative activity of the enterprise as a whole, a structural diagram of construction of a functional of estimating the integral indicator of the formalized situation of making innovative decisions is formed. The basic scheme of estimation of the level of strategic management of innovation development of the enterprise is developed. According to this scheme, we have determined the key stages of the research. They are the monitoring of key partial performance indicators of an enterprise, which affect the final results of innovation activity; the assessment of the organizational and technical level of development of productive forces of the enterprise; the integral assessment of the level of security and effectiveness of strategic management of innovation activities; the integrated assessment of the level of effectiveness of strategic management of innovative development of the enterprise. The indicator "stock of financial strength" has been determined as a priority indicator in assessing the situation of the adoption of innovative solutions.
ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE’S TRANSITION TO STIMULATING TARIFFS
Authors: Savelyev Yevhen , Kuryliak Vitalina , Lyzun Maria , Lishchynskyi Ihor
Published: October 2019

The prerequisites of public transport electrification and the need to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector are investigated. It has been established that electricity is a universal energy source that can help diversify primary energy sources for transport and increase energy security. Positive socio-economic effects from the use of electricity in the transport sector are identified. The competitive advantages of using electric transport in the system of public transportation are determined. Global experience of electrification of passenger transportation is analyzed. An important driving force for the creation and development of the market was government support, which was carried out by adopting relevant legislative norms and implementing various initiatives at both the national and regional levels. The development of the legislative framework for the support of environmentally friendly modes of transport in the world economy markets is divided into stages. The current state of public electric transport in Ukraine is explored. The system of reform measures for the public electric transport in Ukraine is determined.
Theoretical and methodological approaches to the issue of money as an economic concept
Authors: Dziubliuk Oleksandr
Published: October 2019

The article highlights the need to thoroughly study the issue of money as an economic concept, which enables the shaping of an adequate idea of the complex system of economic relations and implementing policies for the state’s influence upon the market economy through institutions of the credit system. The paper provides a critical analysis of the theoretical and methodological approaches to the issue of money, which view the phenomenon through external forms of manifestation or functionality. Some competitive approaches applied for under- standing the issue of money are critically considered. It is concluded that they define money depending on its material nature, particularly commodity or non-commodity nature.It is stressed that money represents the very possibility of economic life of the society and serves as a basis for continuous and permanent economic activities of people. In this regard, there are attributes according to which money should be seen as a social phenomenon, which supports institutional sustainability of economic life and provides social connections in the reproduction process, and thus ensuring its continuity.It is justified that the most appropriate way to define the essence of money is through the concept of overall equivalent, or a measure of value of all goods and services. This reflects the correlation of all goods and money, a universal measure of value, and therefore makes goods suitable for exchange. It is emphasized that money, being necessary for everyone as an equivalent, can be considered as a specific economic good which is able to definitely and freely be accepted as payment for all goods and services and measurement of their value. Such theoretical and methodological approach implies that in order to determine the essence of money, it is necessary to specify its particular attribute that allows money to perform all their functions. The circumstances under which the essence of modern money reflects the process of transforming money from a product of commodity exchange into a completely independent economic phenomenon are defined. Thus, money is able to influence both the production of goods and their exchange, indicating the role of money as a driver of human civilization.
Formulasi dan uji stabilitas sediaan lulur dari rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa linn)
Authors: Prabandari Rani
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Lulur is a type of cosmetics made from flowers and other plant ingredients that are very useful for maintaining beauty, health, smoothness and brightness of the skin of the body. Lulur can help clean the dirt that sticks to the skin due to the influence of weather and pollution factors so that the skin becomes healthy, clean and beautiful. The contents of the substance include turmeric: curcuminoid which consists of curcumin, desmetoksikumin and bisdesmetoksikurkumin and other beneficial substances, such as volatile essential oils of oil, fat, carbohydrates, protein, starch, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, and calcium. Curcumin is a yellow substance contained by turmeric, on average 10.29%, has broad spectrum biological activity including antihepototoxic, antibacterial and antioxidant so that turmeric is able to be used for traditional medicine both to maintain health and skin beauty of the body, The method used is study experimental scrubs and tested the stability of scrubs containing turmeric rhizome powder. The best scrubs are formula 1 which uses the ratio of turmeric powder to light brown scrub, homogeneous and perfectly fused body scrub, has a pH of 5, spread of 10,321 cm2, has a viscosity consistency of 99,000 mPa.s and adhesion for 4 seconds.

 

Keywords: formulations, scrubs, turmeric.
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SIRUP DAUN SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Febrina Dina
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is one of the plants commonly used as spices by the people of Indonesia. However, the use of lemongrass as cooking spices is only located on the stem, while the lemongrass leaves are still a waste. Even though lemongrass leaves are known to contain phenol active compounds which can act as antioxidants. Lemongrass syrup formulations are made into 3 formulas, Formula I 0,75: 0,25; Formula II 0,25: 0,75; Formula III 0,5: 0,5 for sucrose: Na CMC. Formulation I with sucrose levels: Na CMC (0,75: 0,25) has the most desirable taste and for evaluation has the best value.
Miguel Hernández y el subcomandante Marcos: poesía, tierra y libertad
Authors: Gordo Piñar Gemma
Published: October 2019

En este artículo se aborda la presencia de Miguel Hernández en el subcomandante insurgente Marcos a través del análisis de las coincidencias entre sus formas de comprender, actuar y pronunciarse sobre la tierra, la poesía, el pueblo y la libertad. Estos ejes nos permiten ahondar en acontecimientos vitales y textos fundamentales de ambos autores, los cuales han servido y servirán de paradigma y motivación para diversos individuos y grupos de diferentes generaciones a lo largo de la historia.
HUBUNGAN PERUBAHAN STANDAR PORSI MAKAN DENGAN SISA MAKANAN PASIEN RUMAH SAKIT HOLISTIK TAHUN 2016 (STUDI SISA NASI PADA MENU MAKAN SIANG DIET DI RS HOLISTIK)
Authors: Fatkhurohman Fatkhurohman , Lestari Yanesti Nuravianda , Torina Dian Titis
Published: October 2019

The high food waste in a hospital showed the quality of food service was not optimal. The Holistic Hospital of Purwakarta that used small, medium, and lage portion standards in its food service faced some problems regarding high  food  waste. This study aimed to find out the effect of meal’s portion standard changes on the food waste in  Holistic Hospital patients. Pre-experimental study using one group pre-post test design was done on 29 patients using convenient sampling technique.The changing of meal’s portion was done for rice from medium portion (150 g) to small (0.5 or 0.25 portion). Measurement of food waste used weighing method. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test continued with Kendall-Tau correlation test. The results showed that 65.5 percent of patients were aged around 42-68 years old receiving positive diet and 34.5 percent were non-positive diets. At the beginning of diet, the food waste of rice of all patients was high (27.4-64.9% waste of rice) and it was significantly decreased after small portion was given, even though there were still 27.6 percent of patients with > 20 percent waste of rice. There was a significant influence between the change in diet portion of patients toward food  waste of rice (r=0.804; p<0.05). It was concluded that the changes in diet portion of patients were able to reduce the food  waste.ABSTRAK  Tingginya sisa makanan pasien di Rumah Sakit menunjukkan kualitas penyelenggaraan makanan yang belum optimal. Rumah Sakit Holistic Purwakarta yang menggunakan standar porsi small, medium, dan large dalam penyelenggaraan makanan masih mengalami kendala berupa tingginya sisa makanan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan standar porsi terhadap sisa makanan pasien di Rumah Sakit Holistic Purwakarta. Penelitian pre-eksperimen dengan one group pre-post test design ini dilakukan pada 29 orang pasien dengan teknik convenient sampling. Perubahan porsi makanan dilakukan pada nasi putih dari porsi medium (150 g) menjadi small (0,5 porsi atau 0,25 porsi). Pengukuran sisa makanan menggunakan metode penimbangan. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan uji Wilcoxon yang dilanjutkan uji korelasi Kendall-Tau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 65,5 persen pasien berusia 42-68 tahun menerima diet positif dan 34,5 persen menerima diet non-positif. Sisa porsi nasi di awal pemberian diet pada seluruh pasien masih tinggi (27,4-64,9% sisa nasi) dan menurun secara signifikan setelah porsi nasi diberikan dalam porsi small (p<0,05) meskipun masih terdapat 27,6 persen pasien dengan sisa nasi > 20 persen. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara perubahan porsi diet pasien terhadap sisa nasi (r=0,804; p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan porsi nasi pada diet pasien mampu menurunkan sisa makanan. Kata kunci: standar porsi, sisa makanan
Tobacco-alcohol consumption, socio-sanitary profile and factors influencing the anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters of Kinshasa smokers
Authors: Lofuta Vuvu Pierre Gaylord , Deboeck Gael , Kipula Mboko Augustin , Kikontwe Kalabo Louise , Lepira Bompeka François , Matanda Nzanza Richard , Nkakudulu Bikuku Honore
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of alcoholism and the influence of the associated «tobacco-alcohol» consumption on the anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters of some smokers in Kinshasa.  

Material and Method: Cross-sectional and prospective study, conducted in Kinshasa from January to October 2017, including 120 tobacco smokers with at least 5 years of service, with a mean age of 36 ± 9 years. The Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) Validated Adult Tobacco Surveillance Questionnaire has been adapted and used. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, cardiorespiratory parameters and behavioral of consumption were the variables of interest. At the p≤0.05 threshold, correlation and multiple linear regressions allowed for statistical inference.  

Results: The sex ratio was 19/1 (M / F), 84.2% of the smokers were alcoholics. The median seniority in smoking and alcohol consumption was 8 years. The median amount of tobacco consumed was 27 pack-years; it was positively correlated with the amount of alcohol consumed, the oldest in smoking and alcoholism. The BMI of smokers was influenced by seniority in smoking and the amount of alcohol consumed (R2 = 0.049, p <0.001). RR rest was influenced by the amount smoked, seniority in tobacco and alcohol (R2 = 0.187, p <0.001). While the DBP was influenced by age, the amount of smoked tobacco, alcohol consumed as well as seniority in smoking and alcoholism (R2 = 0.102, p <0.001).  

Conclusion: The prevalence of alcoholism is very high in Kinshasa smokers; this association "tobacco-alcohol" has an influence on their BMI, RR rest and DBP.
Frequency of depression in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Psychiatric support necessity for diabetic patients
Authors: Önalan Erhan , Gökalp Yusuf , Aslan Mehmet , Yakar Burkay , Döner Emir
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of depression in T2DM patients in comparison to a healthy control group.

Materials and Methods: The study sample included 100 patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM who were recruited consecutively from the general internal medicine polyclinic (46 males, 54 females, mean age 55.4±11.9 years) and 100 healthy control subjects who had no known diseases and had presented for routine check-up examinations (60 males, 40 females, mean age 37.6±3.7 years). The participants completed a questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic characteristics section and the Beck Depression Inventory, which probes the depression states of individuals based on self-report. Laboratory results of the participants were recorded.

Results: Mean Beck Depression Inventory scores of the patient and control groups, which represent self-reported depression states, were determined as 17±8.5 and 8.5±7.3, respectively. Of the 100 diabetic patients, 8 were determined to have severe depression, 38 moderate depression, 34 mild depression, and 20 minimal depression; whereas, of the 100 healthy controls, 20 were determined to have moderate depression, 18 mild depression, and 62 minimal depression, with no cases of severe depression in this group.

Conclusion: Our study reveals the importance of complementing the conventional patient follow-up procedure with psychiatric support in the management of type 2 DM patients.
Climatic Factors Affecting Density of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kassala City, Sudan 2014/2015
Authors: RM Ahmed , SM Hassan , AH Elrahman
Published: October 2019

Transmission of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever by Aedes aegypti mosquito is influenced by several environmental factors, namely temperature, humidity, and rainfall. This study aims at identifying the relationship between environmental factors and dengue vector population density. A longitudinal entomological study was performed in the city of Kassala, Sudan, in 20 households in each of the 20 clusters during the three seasons of 2014 and 2015. Data were collected using spotlight in any water-holding container where immature stages of Aedes spp. were detected. Immature mosquitoes were counted and classified into larvae and pupae. Ambient temperature and relative humidity in each cluster were recorded, and the total rainfall of Kassala City was obtained from the main Meteorological Station in Khartoum. There was a significant positive correlation between rainfall and number of Ae. aegypti females at Garb Algash and Khatmia areas. Larval instar 4 and pupae were positively correlated with high humidity at Khatmia and Altora areas. In autumn season, there was no strong correlation of all the stages with all climatic variables. There was also positive significant correlation between ambient low temperature and number of females in autumn season.
معوقات تطبيق الدراسة الذاتية في كليات التربية بجامعة الزاوية
Authors: بريك سميرة , الرتيمي فوزية
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة معوقات تطبيق الدراسة الذاتية في كليات التربية بجامعة الزاوية،ولتحقيق أهدافها استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالاعتماد على استبانه من إعداد الباحثتان تكونت فقراتها من (33) فقرة في صورتها النهائية ،وبعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها تم تطبيقها على عينة الدراسة المتكونة من (85) عضو هيئة التدريس ،وتم تحليل البيانات للاستبيانات بواقع (82) استمارة ،وبفاقد (3) استمارات ،وبناء على التحليل الإحصائي توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج الآتية :
1- وجود معوقات تعيق تطبيق الدراسة الذاتية بكليات التربية بجامعة الزاوية وبدرجة كبيرة جدا أهمها:- ضغوط العمل الكثيرة داخل المؤسسة -المركزية في اختيار اللجان المنفذة والمتابعة لتطبيق الدراسة الذاتية - عدم وجود فرق عمل متابعة لتطبيق الدراسة الذاتية -عدم وجود لقاءات ومقابلات جماعية وبصورة دورية لفرق العمل الخاصة بالدراسة الذاتية-عدم إدراك أعضاء هيئة التدريس لمفهوم وأهمية الدراسة الذاتية -إهمال كفاءة عضو هيئة التدريس عند اختياره لتطبيق الدراسة الذاتية – لا يوجد إطار زمني محدد للتخطيط والتنفيذ - عدم الاقتناع بأهمية الجودة داخل المؤسسة واعتبارها أشياء مكملة - صعوبة الحصول على البيانات اللازمة لتطبيق الدراسة الذاتية بدقة وسرعة -عدم استجابة منسقي وحدات الجودة بالأقسام لتطبيق الدراسة الذاتية بأقسامهم- عدم متابعة التقارير النهائية من قبل مركز ضمان الجودة بالجامعة- ثقل العبء التدريسي وضغوط العمل الكثيرة داخل الكلية.
2- وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الكلية ومقياس معوقات تطبيق الدراسة الذاتية في كليات التربية بجامعة الزاوية.
الكلمات المفتاحية : الدراسة الذاتية –الجودة – معوقات الدراسة الذاتية
PENGARUH BAURAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA KULIAH DI SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI KEDIRGANTARAAN (STTKD) YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sutrisno Erwan
Published: October 2019

Limited capacity in State Universities makes private universities have the same opportunity to be selected for prospective students who are not accommodated in State Universities in continuing their studies. The ability to obtain a large number of students depends on delivery of information from private university (PTS) concerned, through marketing strategy of services implemented by private universities. This also applies to STTKD Yogyakarta.
The formulation of the problem in this study is the extent of influence of advertising, sales promotion, personal sales, public relations and direct marketing on student decisions to study at the Yogyakarta Aerospace Technology College (STTKD). This study aims to (1) find out the influence of advertising, sales promotion, personal sales, public relations and direct marketing on student decisions chosen by the Yogyakarta Aerospace Technology College (STTKD) and (2) to find out which factors are most dominant in student decisions.
Theory used is theory of Marketing Management related to Consumer Behavior. Primary data collection techniques with questionnaires, supported by interviews. Sample in this study was 95 respondents. Research method used is quantitative descriptive. Type of research conducted is a case study supported by a survey, nature of this study is descriptive research. Data processing uses SPSS version 15 software with descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. Determination coefficient (R2) is 0.64. This shows that independent variables studied were able to explain 64% of the decision students to choose Yogyakarta Aerospace Technology College, while remaining 36% was explained by other independent variables that were not examined.
Results showed that marketing promotion mix (advertising, promotion sales, personal sales, public relations and direct marketing) had a significant effect on students 'decision to choose Yogyakarta Aerospace Technology College, and direct marketing factors had most dominant influence on students' decision to choose education at STTKD Yogyakarta.
Chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O132 in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside
Authors: Pal Debasish , Mukhopadhyay Balaram
Published: October 2019

The total chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide from E. coli O132 is accomplished in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside. The 2-aminoethyl glycoside is particularly important as it allows further glycoconjugate formation utilizing the terminal amine without affecting the stereochemistry of the reducing end. The target was achieved through a [3 + 2] strategy where the required monosaccharide building blocks are prepared from commercially available sugars through rational protecting group manipulation. The NIS-mediated activation of thioglycosides was used extensively for the glycosylation reactions throughout.
Straightforward Synthesis of Various Chiral Pyrimidines Bearing Stereogenic Center at the C2 position, Including C-Terminal Peptide Isosters
Authors: Sahtel Sami , Besbes Rafâa , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean-Marc
Published: October 2019

The present study describes an efficient access to chiral pyridimines from readily available Boc-AA-NH2 and β-enaminones. This strategy allows the synthesis of a large variety of chiral pyrimidines (18 examples) with good yields from the chiral pool. In the case of peptide isosters, this procedure proved to be highly stereoretentive and paves the way to the construction of C-terminal modified peptidomimetics.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF LIQUID-SOLID ADSORPTION MODEL
Authors: Leonavičienė Teresė , Čiegis Raimondas , Baltrėnaitė Edita , Chemerys Valeriia
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the numerical algorithms for solution of pore volume and surface diffusion model of adsorption systems are constructed and investigated. The approximation of PDEs is done by using the finite volume method for space derivatives and ODE15s solvers for numerical integration in time. The analysis of adaptive in time integration algorithms is presented. The main aim of this work is to analyze the sensitivity of the solution with respect to the main parameters of the mathematical model. Such a control analysis is done for a linearized and normalized mathematical model. The obtained results are compared with simulations done for a full nonlinear mathematical model.
Taxonomic studies on seven species of the genus Opopaea (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Kenya
Authors: Tong Yanfeng , Liu Shijia , Kioko Esther N. , Kioko Grace M. , Li Shuqiang
Published: October 2019

Seven species of the genus Opopaea Simon, 1892 from Kenya are recognized, including five new species: O. berlandi (Simon & Fage, 1922), O. kulczynskii (Berland, 1914), O. makadara Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), O. ngangao Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), O. ngulia Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), O. sheldrick Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), and O. wundanyi Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂). Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all the species are given. All types are preserved in the National Museums of Kenya in Nairobi, Kenya (NMK).
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio in PM1 and size segregated aerosol particles over the Baltic Sea
Authors: Garbarienė Inga , Remeikis Vidmantas , Mašalaitė Agnë , Garbaras Andrius , Petelski Tpmasz , Makuch Przemysław , Dusek Uli
Published: October 2019

We analysed δ13C of total carbon (TC) and δ15N of total nitrogen (TN) in submicron (PM1) and size segregated aerosol particles (PM0.056–2.5) collected during a cruise in the Baltic Sea from 9 to 17 November 2012.
PM1 were characterized by the highest δ13C (–26.4‰) and lowest δ15N (–0.2 and 0.8‰) values when air masses arrived from the southwest direction (Poland). The obtained δ13C values indicated that combined emissions of coal and diesel/gasoline combustion were the most likely sources of TC. The depleted δ15N values indicated that TN originated mainly from liquid fuel combustion (road traffic, shipping) during this period. The lowest δ13C and highest δ15N values were determined in PM1 samples during the western airflow when the air masses had no recent contact with land. The highest δ15N values were probably associated with chemical aging of nitrogenous species during long-range transport, the lowest δ13C values could be related to emissions from diesel/gasoline combustion, potentially from ship traffic.
The δ13C analysis of size-segregated aerosol particles PM0.056–2.5 revealed that the lowest δ13C values were observed in the size range from 0.056 to 0.18 µm and gradual 13C enrichment occurred in the size range from 0.18 to 2.5 µm due to different sources or formation mechanisms of the aerosols.
Fault Activity and its Influences on Distribution of Igneous Rocks in Libra Block, Santos Basin: Semi-Quantitative to Quantitative Assessment of Fault Activity Based on High-Resolution 3D Seismic Data
Authors: Zhao Jian , Oliveira Maria José Resende , Zhao Junfeng , Ren Kangxu , Oliveira Leonardo Costa , Carmo Isabela Oliveira , Rancan Cristiano Camelo , Deng Qicai
Published: October 2019

Libra carbonate reservoirs, besides its great heterogeneity, are also characterized by occurrence of igneous rocks, as a challenge to reservoir modeling and production performance prediction. The objectives of this paper are three fields:1) To better understand the genetic cause of magma events and its relationship with fault activity;2) To minimize the uncertainties of the outcomes from geophysical and petrophysical methods;3) To enhance the reliability and accuracy of igneous rocks’ prediction.

Several semi-quantitative to quantitative assessment methods have been attempted and employed to evaluate the fault activity. The result from fault growth index reveal that the Class-I faults are continuously active from PIC (PiÇarras Fm.) to BVE (Barra Velha Fm.), throughout the whole rift period, but the time when they have the highest activity intensity value is getting later from west to east. In NW structure of Libra, their most intensity appeared during the period of PIC deposition. In Central structure, they show their highest activity values mainly during ITP (Itapema Fm.) stage. And the Class-I faults in SE structure continue to be active even during the deposition time of BVE. The eight class-II faults show their movement mainly during the PIC and ITP period and they were no longer active during BVE stage. The two Class-II faults in NW structure were more active, with a largest value of activity intensity during PIC while the same order faults in Central and SE structure lasted for even longer time, and their highest intensity occurred in ITP deposition period. All the faults, including Class-I faults and Class-II faults, usually have a longer activity duration and a higher intensity in their middle part, and a relatively shorter activity time and a lower intensity value in their two endpoints (Figure.3).

An igneous rocks genetic geological model is built up. The Aptian volcano was interpreted as a type of fissure event when the magma was distributed along the regional faults. The Class-II and some Class-I faults and their movement contribute to the formation of Aptian craters and then controlled the distribution of afterward extrusive rock. The Class-I faults and their later reactivation play a key role in the distribution of Santonian intrusive igneous rocks. Under the guidance of such model, methods of multi-scale and multi-disciplinary could be used to predict igneous rocks, which could significantly and effectively reduce the uncertainties of seismic data and enhance the reliability and accuracy of igneous rocks’ prediction.
Pseudo-Sticking and Pull – A New Old Artifact on Image Logs Acquired in Ocean Wireline Log Operations
Authors: Fornero Sofia Alves , Fioriti Lenita De Souza , Laier Ana Patrícia Cavalcanti , Felipe Gabriel Da Silva
Published: October 2019

The "pseudo-sticking and pull", also nicknamed "blocky effect" (because of its general aspect), is a common acquisition artifact that reduces considerably the quality of wireline acoustic and microresistive image logs, even though it is not well known among image log interpreters, well-site geologists and engineers. This artifact is generated by heave motion influence when the wave movement is not minimized enough by the compensation systems during offshore wireline operations. In fact, it is well known that the linear or rotary compensator systems reduce the heave variance between 52-80% and, sometimes, other factors such as string weight and fluid density can affect, significantly, wireline logs quality by the heave variance not well compensated. In this case, mainly the wireline stationary tools and the ones that need lower acquisition speed, present depth uncertainties that may cause relevant problems. The image logs are largely used in pre-salt reservoirs for geomechanics, petrophysics, structural, sedimentological and stratigraphic studies due to their great contrast responses on carbonates. However, because acoustic image logs run at speeds around 425 ft/h (against 3600 ft/h from basic logs) and acquire between 180 and 250 samples data each 0,2 inches depth, this log becomes more affected by this artifact than the microresistive one (over 1500 ft/h). The residual heave affects directly the image quality by creating "pseudo-sticking and pull" at each wave period, distorting the image log significantly. Besides the artifact that immediately appears on the image during the logging, the residual heave can also be confirmed by observing when cable tension and vector Z accelerometer variation have the same frequency as the period of ocean waves, monitored by the meteo-oceanographic daily reports. Even though this artifact can be minimized with processing (better than true sticking and pull corrections), the loss of quality should be considered. Petrobras experience has also shown that interventions directly on the source by adjusting compensators and changing steering towards can be effective to handle this problem. In order to help the interested community in acquiring better data with minimum costs, this work shows some examples of this artifact on acoustic image logs from pre-salt wells. It can also show the results with processing, the differences reached after adjusting compensators and demands for future works.
Dendritic Cells Control Regulatory T Cell Function Required for Maintenance of Intestinal Tissue Homeostasis
Authors: Hilpert Cornelia , Sitte Selina , Arnold Harald , Lehmann Christian H. K. , Dudziak Diana , Mattner Jochen , Voehringer David
Published: October 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) together with regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential mediators of immune homeostasis. Disruption of function or frequency of either cell type can lead to fatal autoimmunity. We previously described that mice constitutively lacking DCs (∆DC) develop autoimmunity characterized by reduced body weight, autoantibodies, and pronounced intestinal inflammation. In this study, we show that lack of DCs leads to an altered gene expression profile in peripheral but not thymic Tregs with increased expression of inhibitory receptors. The suppressive function of Tregs from ΔDC mice was impaired in T cell cocultures. In a model of transfer colitis, Tregs from ∆DC mice were only functional in the presence of DCs in recipient mice. Lack of MHC class II on DCs also resulted in upregulation of inhibitory receptors on Tregs, reduced body weight, and elevated serum IgA levels. Further analysis of the IgA response revealed an expansion of IgA+ germinal center B cells and plasma cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and more IgA-coated commensal bacteria in feces of ∆DC mice. Thus, we show a critical role for DCs to establish intestinal homeostasis by regulating Treg function for prevention of spontaneous inflammation.
Malt1 Protease Deficiency in Mice Disrupts Immune Homeostasis at Environmental Barriers and Drives Systemic T Cell–Mediated Autoimmunity
Authors: Martin Kea , Touil Ratiba , Kolb Yeter , Cvijetic Grozdan , Murakami Kiichi , Israel Laura , Duraes Fernanda , Buffet David , Glück Anton , Niwa Satoru , Bigaud Marc , Junt Tobias , Zamurovic Natasa , Smith Philip , McCoy Kathy D. , Ohashi Pamela S. , Bornancin Frédéric , Calzascia Thomas
Published: October 2019

The paracaspase Malt1 is a key regulator of canonical NF-κB activation downstream of multiple receptors in both immune and nonimmune cells. Genetic disruption of Malt1 protease function in mice and MALT1 mutations in humans results in reduced regulatory T cells and a progressive multiorgan inflammatory pathology. In this study, we evaluated the altered immune homeostasis and autoimmune disease in Malt1 protease-deficient (Malt1PD) mice and the Ags driving disease manifestations. Our data indicate that B cell activation and IgG1/IgE production is triggered by microbial and dietary Ags preferentially in lymphoid organs draining mucosal barriers, likely as a result of dysregulated mucosal immune homeostasis. Conversely, the disease was driven by a polyclonal T cell population directed against self-antigens. Characterization of the Malt1PD T cell compartment revealed expansion of T effector memory cells and concomitant loss of a CD4+ T cell population that phenotypically resembles anergic T cells. Therefore, we propose that the compromised regulatory T cell compartment in Malt1PD animals prevents the efficient maintenance of anergy and supports the progressive expansion of pathogenic, IFN-γ–producing T cells. Overall, our data revealed a crucial role of the Malt1 protease for the maintenance of intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, which might provide insights into the mechanisms underlying IPEX-related diseases associated with mutations in MALT1.
TNF-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in a Murine Arthritis Model: Accumulation of Activated Monocytes, Conventional Dendritic Cells, and CD21+/CD23− B Cell Follicles Is Prevented with Anti-TNF Therapy
Authors: Wu Emily K. , Henkes Zoe I. , McGowan Brion , Bell Richard D. , Velez Moises J. , Livingstone Alexandra M. , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Schwarz Edward M. , Rahimi Homaira
Published: October 2019

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a well-known extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD) exists on a wide spectrum, with variable levels of inflammatory and fibrotic activity, although all subtypes are regarded as irreversible pathologic conditions. In both articular and pulmonary manifestations, TNF is a significant pathogenic factor. Whereas anti-TNF therapy alleviates joint pathologic conditions, it exacerbates fibrotic RA-ILD. The TNF-transgenic (TNF-Tg) murine model of RA develops both inflammatory arthritis and an ILD that mimics a cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern dominated by an interstitial accumulation of inflammatory cells with minimal-to-absent fibrosis. Given the model’s potential to elucidate the genesis of inflammatory RA-ILD, we aim to achieve the following: 1) characterize the cellular accumulations in TNF-Tg lungs, and 2) assess the reversibility of inflammatory ILD following anti-TNF therapy known to resolve TNF-Tg inflammatory arthritis. TNF-Tg mice with established disease were randomized to anti-TNF or placebo therapy and evaluated with imaging, histology, and flow cytometric analyses, together with wild-type controls. Flow cytometry of TNF-Tg versus wild-type lungs revealed significant increases in activated monocytes, conventional dendritic cells, and CD21+/CD23− B cells that are phenotypically distinct from the B cells in inflamed nodes, which are known to accumulate in joint-draining lymph nodes. In contrast to human RA-ILD, anti-TNF treatment significantly alleviated both joint and lung inflammation. These results identify a potential role for activated monocytes, conventional dendritic cells, and CD21+/CD23− B cells in the genesis of RA-ILD, which exist in a previously unknown, reversible, prefibrotic stage of the disease.
De RJ-richtlijnen als verslaggevingsstandaard in de toelichting van de jaarrekening
Authors: Hardeman Erwin
Published: October 2019

Volgens art. 2:362 lid 10 BW dient in de toelichting op de jaarrekening vermeld te worden volgens welke wettelijke verslaggevingsstandaard de jaarrekening is opgesteld. De RJ-richtlijnen van de Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving zijn geen wettelijk erkende verslaggevingsstandaard. Hoewel het wettelijk aanknopingspunt ontbreekt is het een rapporterende rechtspersoon niet verboden om in aanvulling op de vermelding van een wettelijk toegestane verslaggevingsstandaard een verwijzing naar deze richtlijnen in de jaarrekening op te nemen.

Resultaten uit dit empirisch onderzoek onder middelgrote controleplichtige rechtspersonen over verslagjaar 2016 laten zien dat het geheel niet vermelden van een verslaggevingsstandaard in de jaarrekening voorkomt (8%). Verder blijkt dat er in bijna de helft van de jaarrekeningen gecontroleerd door accountantsorganisaties zonder een OOB-vergunning een verwijzing naar de RJ-richtlijnen als verslaggevingstandaard plaatsvindt (49%). Bij rechtspersonen die worden gecontroleerd door accountantsorganisaties met een OOB-vergunning wijkt de mate van verwijzing af van niet-OOB-vergunninghouders. ‘Next 5-accountantsorganisaties’ – zijnde niet-Big 4 OOB-vergunninghouders – verwijzen meer naar de RJ-richtlijnen (57%). In jaarrekeningen met betrokkenheid van de ‘Big 4-accountantsorganisaties’ komt een verwijzing naar de RJ-richtlijnen beduidend minder vaak voor (28%). De meest voorkomende type verwijzing naar de RJ-richtlijnen is deze naar de ‘stellige uitspraken’ van de Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving (72%).

De onderzoeksbevindingen zijn voor mij aanleiding om aan te bevelen een bovenwettelijke verwijzing, zoals de RJ-richtlijnen, niet te verantwoorden in de jaarrekening omdat daar geen wettelijke verplichting voor bestaat en complicerend werkt voor zowel gebruikers van de jaarrekening als controlerend accountants.
Het (niet) getrouwe beeld van de jaarrekening en de positie van de accountant
Authors: Langendijk Henk
Published: October 2019

Het getrouwe beeld van de jaarrekening is van groot belang uit hoofde van de rekenschapsfunctie van het bestuur met betrekking tot haar beheersdaden en vanuit de behoeften van gebruikers. Boekhoudschandalen maken dat het getrouwe beeld van de jaarrekening (vaak in meer dan in mindere mate) niet aanwezig is hetgeen grote maatschappelijke gevolgen heeft voor onder meer aandeelhouders, banken, werknemers, de overheid, beleggers, afnemers, leveranciers en belastingbetalers. Grove fouten spelen daarbij een grote rol. Van accountants wordt verwacht dat zij via controle zekerheid toevoegen aan jaarrekeningen. Deze zekerheid moet omhoog gezien de maatschappelijke commotie over het functioneren van accountants. Door het versterken van de functie van accountants (dienen van het publieke belang) kunnen boekhoudschandalen worden verminderd. In dit essay wordt voorgesteld om de accountant niet langer door de gecontroleerde organisatie te laten benoemen en betalen en het controleteam standaard met een forensische deskundige te bemensen teneinde de fraudekans te mitigeren en boekhoudschandalen te verminderen.
FAR Conference 2019: ‘Evidence informed policy making for the future of the auditing profession’
Authors: Quadackers Luc
Published: October 2019

In June 2019, the fourth conference of the Foundation for Auditing Research (FAR) has been held. The theme of the conference was ‘Evidence informed policy making for the future of the auditing profession’. Professor Willem Buijink (Open Universiteit and FAR Academic Board member) chaired nine plenary sessions, spread over two days. In this article, the focus will be on the keynote speeches by Robert Knechel and Miguel Minutti-Mezo and on the panel discussion regarding the theme of the conference.
Shortwave Radiative Effect of Arctic Low-Level Clouds: Evaluation of Imagery-Derived Irradiance with Aircraft Observations
Authors: Chen Hong , Schmidt Sebastian , King Michael D. , Wind Galina , Bucholtz Anthony , Reid Elizabeth A. , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Smith William L. , Taylor Patrick C. , Kato Seiji , Pilewskie Peter
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Cloud optical properties such as optical thickness along with surface albedo are important inputs for deriving the shortwave radiative effects of clouds from space-borne remote sensing. Owing to insufficient knowledge about the snow or ice surface in the Arctic, cloud detection and the retrieval products derived from passive remote sensing, such as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), are difficult to obtain with adequate accuracy – especially for low-level thin clouds, which are ubiquitous in the Arctic. This study aims at evaluating the spectral and broadband irradiance calculated from MODIS-derived cloud properties in the Arctic using aircraft measurements collected during the Arctic Radiation-IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE), specifically using the upwelling and downwelling shortwave spectral and broadband irradiance measured by the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and the BroadBand Radiometer system (BBR). This entails the derivation of surface albedo from SSFR/BBR and camera imagery for heterogeneous surfaces in the marginal ice zone (MIZ), as well as subsequent measurement-model inter-comparisons in the presence of thin clouds. In addition to MODIS cloud retrievals and surface albedo from SSFR, we used temperature and humidity data from in-situ data and reanalysis (MERRA-2). The spectral surface albedo derived from the airborne radiometers is consistent with prior ground-based measurements, and adequately represents the surface variability for the study region and time period. Somewhat surprisingly, the primary error in MODIS-derived irradiance fields for this study stems from undetected clouds, rather than from the retrieved cloud properties. In our case studies, about 22 % of clouds remained undetected (cloud optical thickness less than 0.5). The radiative effect of clouds above the detection threshold was −40 W m−2 above cloud, and −39 W m−2 below the cloud layer, and the optical thickness from the MODIS "1621" cloud product was consistent with the reflected and transmitted irradiance observations. This study suggests that passive imagery cloud detection could be improved through a multi-pixel approach, that would make it more dependable in the Arctic. Regardless of the cloud retrieval method, there is a need for an operational imagery-based surface albedo product for the polar regions that adequately captures its temporal, spatial, and spectral variability to estimate cloud radiative effect from space-borne remote sensing.