bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single agent subcutaneous blinatumomab for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Zugmaier Gerhard , Agrawal Vaibhav , Martínez‐Sánchez Pilar , Rifón Roca José J. , Cassaday Ryan D. , Böll Boris , Rijneveld Anita , Abdul‐Hay Maher , Huguet Françoise , Cluzeau Thomas , Díaz Mar Tormo , Vucinic Vladan , González‐Campos José , Rambaldi Alessandro , Schwartz Stefan , Berthon Céline , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús María , Gordon Paul R. , Brüggemann Monika , Hamidi Ali , Chen Yuqi , Wong Hansen L. , Panwar Bharat , Katlinskaya Yuliya , Markovic Ana , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: February 2024

Blinatumomab is a BiTE® (bispecific T‐cell engager) molecule that redirects CD3+ T‐cells to engage and lyse CD19+ target cells. Here we demonstrate that subcutaneous (SC) blinatumomab can provide high efficacy and greater convenience of administration. In the expansion phase of a multi‐institutional phase 1b trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04521231), heavily pretreated adults with relapsed/refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B‐ALL) received SC blinatumomab at two doses: (1) 250 μg once daily (QD) for week 1 and 500 μg three times weekly (TIW) thereafter (250 μg/500 μg) or (2) 500 μg QD for week 1 and 1000 μg TIW thereafter (500 μg/1000 μg). The primary endpoint was complete remission/complete remission with partial hematologic recovery (CR/CRh) within two cycles. At the data cutoff of September 15, 2023, 29 patients were treated: 14 at the 250 μg/500 μg dose and 13 at 500 μg/1000 μg dose. Data from two ineligible patients were excluded. At the end of two cycles, 12 of 14 patients (85.7%) from the 250 μg/500 μg dose achieved CR/CRh of which nine patients (75.0%) were negative for measurable residual disease (MRD; <10−4 leukemic blasts). At the 500 μg/1000 μg dose, 12 of 13 patients (92.3%) achieved CR/CRh; all 12 patients (100.0%) were MRD‐negative. No treatment‐related grade 4 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurologic events (NEs) were reported. SC injections were well tolerated and all treatment‐related grade 3 CRS and NEs responded to standard‐of‐care management, interruption, or discontinuation. Treatment with SC blinatumomab resulted in high efficacy, with high MRD‐negativity rates and acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated adults with R/R B‐ALL.
Eltrombopag improves platelet engraftment after haploidentical bone marrow transplantation: Results of a Phase II study
Authors: Ahmed Sairah , Bashir Qaiser , Bassett Roland L. , Ullah Fauzia , Aung Fleur , Valdez Benigno C. , Alousi Amin M. , Hosing Chitra , Kebriaei Partow , Khouri Issa , Marin David , Nieto Yago , Olson Amanda , Oran Betul , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Rezvani Katayoun , Mehta Rohtesh , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Ciurea Stefan , Andersson Borje S. , Champlin Richard E. , Popat Uday R.
Published: February 2024

Slow platelet recovery frequently occurs after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) with bone marrow graft and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PCy)‐based graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Improved platelet recovery may reduce the need for transfusions and improve outcomes. We investigated the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, at enhancing platelet recovery post‐haplo‐HSCT. The prospective study included patients ≥18 years of age who received haplo‐HSCT with bone marrow graft and PCy. Patients received eltrombopag 300 mg/day starting on Day +5. The primary objective was to estimate platelet engraftment (>50 000/μL by Day 60). In a post hoc analysis, they were compared to a contemporary matched control group who did not receive eltrombopag. One hundred ten patients were included in the analysis (30 eltrombopag and 80 control). Seventy‐three percent and 50% of patients in the eltrombopag group and control group, respectively, attained >50 000/μL platelet count by Day 60 (p = .043). No eltrombopag‐related grade ≥4 adverse events were observed. Median time to platelet recovery (>20 000/μL) was 29 days with eltrombopag and 31 days for controls (p = .022), while its cumulative incidence was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78%–100%) with eltrombopag versus 67.5% (95% CI: 57%–78%) for controls (p = .014). Number of platelet transfusions received, overall survival, progression‐free survival, GVHD rate, relapse rate, and non‐relapse mortality were similar between groups. Overall, eltrombopag is safe and improves platelet recovery in patients undergoing haplo‐HSCT with bone marrow graft and PCy.
Development of specific growth charts for children with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Barbus Crystal , Rayannavar Arpana , Miller Bradley S. , Jenkins Mica J. , Addo O. Yaw , Rayes Ahmad , Ahrweiler Natasha , Olson Alisha , Pohlkamp Zachary , Wagner John E. , MacMillan Margaret L.
Published: February 2024

Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) are often perceived to have poor growth when general population growth curves are utilized. We hypothesize that FA patients have unique growth and aimed to create FA‐specific growth charts. Height and weight data from ages 0 to 20 years were extracted from medical records of patients treated at the Fanconi Anemia Comprehensive Care Clinic at the University of Minnesota. Height, weight, and BMI growth curves were generated and fitted to reference percentiles using the Lambda‐Mu‐Sigma method. FA‐specific percentiles were compared to WHO standards for ages 0–2 and CDC references for ages 2–20. In FA males, the 50th height‐ and weight‐for‐age percentiles overlap with the 3rd reference percentile. In FA females, only the 50th height‐for‐age percentile overlaps with the 3rd reference percentile. For weight, FA females show progressive growth failure between 6 and 24 months followed by stabilization around the 50th percentile. The FA BMI‐for‐age percentiles show similar patterns to the weight‐for‐age percentiles but have different timing of onset of adiposity rebound and broader variability in females. Growth in FA patients follows a different trajectory than available normative curves. FA‐specific growth charts may be useful to better guide accurate growth expectations, evaluations, and treatment.
Funktionsgewinn recycelbarer Photoschalter: Gleichzeitige reversible Substitution und Erzeugung von Photochromie
Authors: Zitzmann Max , Fröhling Matthias , Dube Henry
Published: February 2024

Die Verwendung von molekularen Photoschaltern hat sich aufgrund der präzisen Kontrolle, die sie über das Verhalten von Materie auf kleinsten Maßstäben ermöglichen, in nahezu allen Bereichen der reinen und angewandten Chemie verbreitet. Photoschalter besitzen mindestens zwei strukturell und/oder elektronisch verschiedene Zustände. Um diese für eine spezifische Anwendung anzupassen, ist eine weitere Funktionalisierung des Chromophors erforderlich. In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir ein neues Konzept für die Erzeugung und Verwendung von molekularen Photoschaltern, welches nicht nur die gleichzeitige Etablierung von Photochromie und Funktionalisierung, sondern auch die vollständige Recyclingfähigkeit einer nicht photochromen Vorstufe ermöglicht. Unter Verwendung einer effizienten und reversiblen Ammoniumsalzbildung wird eine funktionelle Gruppe in eine symmetrische Vorstufe eingeführt und gleichzeitig ein starkes elektronisches Donor‐Akzeptor‐System in der Struktur erzeugt. Die daraus resultierende Desymmetrisierung führt zu einem effizienten Photoschalter, bei dem die funktionelle Gruppe anschließend durch einen einfachen Erhitzungsschritt vollständig entfernt werden kann, wobei die symmetrische Vorstufe für eine weitere Funktionalisierung zurückgewonnen wird. Schließlich zeigen wir die Durchführbarkeit dieses Konzepts für zwei aufeinanderfolgende Funktionalisierungs‐, Photoschalt‐ und Recyclingschritte. Dieses Konzept bietet ein großes Potenzial in allen chemischen Forschungs‐ und Anwendungsbereichen, insbesondere für die Entwicklung von responsiven und reprogrammierbaren Materialien, Photoschaltermarkierungen ohne Hintergrundstörung, sowie in der nachhaltigen Chemie.
Cobalt‐based Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co Metallic Heterostructure as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Yuanwu , Wang Lirong , Hübner René , Kresse Johannes , Zhang Xiaoming , Deconinick Marielle , Vaynzof Yana , Weidinger Inez M. , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: February 2024

Alkaline water electrolysis holds promise for large‐scale hydrogen production, yet it encounters challenges like high voltage and limited stability at higher current densities, primarily due to inefficient electron transport kinetics. Herein, a novel cobalt‐based metallic heterostructure (Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co) is designed for excellent water electrolysis. In operando Raman experiments reveal that the formation of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface boosts the free water adsorption and dissociation, increasing the available protons for subsequent hydrogen production. Furthermore, the altered electronic structure of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface optimizes ΔGH of the nitrogen atoms at the interface. This synergistic effect between interfacial nitrogen atoms and metal phase cobalt creates highly efficient active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby enhancing the overall HER performance. Additionally, the heterostructure exhibits a rapid OH− adsorption rate, coupled with great adsorption strength, leading to improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Crucially, the metallic heterojunction accelerates electron transport, expediting the afore‐mentioned reaction steps and enhancing water splitting efficiency. The Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co electrocatalyst in the water electrolyzer delivers excellent performance, with a low 1.58 V cell voltage at 10 mA cm−2, and maintains 100 % retention over 100 hours at 200 mA cm−2, surpassing the Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer.
Terminal Copper Nitrenoid Formation and Reactivity Induced by Absorption to an Antenna Ligand
Authors: de Kler Noël , Pereverzev Aleksandr Y. , Roithová Jana
Published: February 2024

Copper nitrenoids are key intermediates in copper‐catalyzed direct C−H amination reactions. Further development of this important reaction relies on knowing the properties and reactivity of the nitrenoid intermediates. This work utilizes antenna ligands to form copper nitrenoid complexes and monitor the consecutive C−H amination reactions under well‐defined single‐molecule conditions in the gas phase. The [Cu(Lphoto)(Lazide)]+ precursors (Lphoto is a bidentate antenna ligand, and Lazide is an organic azide) were stored in an ion trap at 3.5 K and irradiated by visible light, which resulted in denitrogenation of the complex. Further irradiation of the copper nitrenoid led to the consecutive C−H amination of the antenna ligand. The nitrenoid complexes, as well as the products of the C−H amination, were characterized by helium tagging IRPD spectroscopy, and the mechanism was described by DFT calculations. This research demonstrates that the antenna ligands can be used to promote the denitrogenation of metal azides in the gas phase and also channel the internal energy to promote further reactivity, which opens a new way to study the reactivity of highly reactive species under well‐defined conditions.
Achieving High‐Temperature Phosphorescence by Organic Cocrystal Engineering
Authors: Singh Manjeet , Shen Kang , Ye Wenpeng , Gao Yanhua , Lv Anqi , Liu Kun , Ma Huili , Meng Zhengong , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu
Published: February 2024

Organic phosphors offer a promising alternative in optoelectronics, but their temperature‐sensitive feature has restricted their applications in high‐temperature scenarios, and the attainment of high‐temperature phosphorescence (HTP) is still challenging. Herein, a series of organic cocrystal phosphors are constructed by supramolecular assembly with an ultralong emission lifetime of up to 2.16 s. Intriguingly, remarkable stabilization of triplet excitons can also be realized at elevated temperature, and green phosphorescence is still exhibited in solid state even up to 150 °C. From special molecular packing within the crystal lattice, it has been observed that the orientation of isolated water cluster and well‐controlled molecular organization via multiple interactions can favor the structural rigidity of cocrystals more effectively to suppress the nonradiative transition, thus resulting in efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence and unprecedented survival of HTP.
Tethered Trimeric Small‐molecular Acceptors through Aromatic‐core Engineering for Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Bowen , Zhang Yaogang , Zhang Cen , Zhang Ming , Wang Qingyuan , Xu Zheng'ao , Chen Qi , Bai Yang , Fu Hongyuan , Meng Shixin , Xue Lingwei , Kim Seoyoung , Yang Changduk , Yi Yuanping , Zhang Zhi‐Guo
Published: February 2024

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) rely on a blend of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) with polymer donors, where thermodynamic relaxation of SMAs poses critical concerns on operational stability. To tackle this issue, tethered SMAs, wherein multiple SMA‐subunits are connected to the aromatic‐core via flexible chains, are proposed. This design aims to an elevated glass transition temperature (Tg) for a dynamical control. However, attaining an elevated Tg value with additional SMA subunits introduces complexity to the molecular packing, posing a significant challenge in realizing both high stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, we initiate isomer engineering on the benzene‐carboxylate core and find that meta‐positioned dimeric BDY‐β exhibits more favorable molecular packing compared to its para‐positioned counterpart, BDY‐α. With this encouraging result, we expand our approach by introducing an additional SMA unit onto the aromatic core of BDY‐β, maintaining a meta‐position relative to each SMA unit location in the tethered acceptor. This systematic aromatic‐core engineering results in a star‐shaped C3h‐positioned molecular geometry. The supramolecular interactions of SMA units in the trimer contribute to enhancements in Tg value, crystallinity, and a red‐shifted absorption compared to dimers. These characteristics result in a noteworthy increase in PCE to 18.24 %, coupled with a remarkable short‐circuit current density of 27.06 mA cm−2. More significantly, the trimer‐based devices delivered an excellent thermal stability with over 95 % of their initial efficiency after 1200 h thermal degradation. Our findings underscore the promise and feasibility of tethered trimeric structures in achieving highly ordered aggregation behavior and increased Tg value in PSCs, simultaneously improving in device efficiency and thermal stability.
Numerical simulation on adsorption of CO2 using K2CO3 particles in the bubbling fluidized bed
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Kuang Guangjun , Shao Baoli , Chen Xi , Xie Lei , Ma Yimei
Published: February 2024

With the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, global warming has become an urgent problem, and the use of solid adsorbents to capture CO2 gas in flue gas has attracted more and more attention. In this study, the process of CO2 capture by K2CO3 particles in the bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) is numerically simulated with Eulerian–Eulerian(E–E) two fluid model incorporating with the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF). The results are verified through a detailed comparison with experimental data from Ayobi et al. Furthermore, Regarding the fundamental factors influencing CO2 adsorption rate is revealed, diminishing the inlet gas superficial velocity and augmenting the particle size of the solid adsorbent both contribute to improve adsorption performance. Specifically, the adsorption rate increases from 76.7% to 81.7% at the gas superficial velocity reducing from 1.10 to 0.71 m/s, while the adsorption rate from 77.6% to 79.7% with the particle size ranging from 400 to 600 μm. Additionally, the study delves into an exploration of fluid dynamic characteristics pertaining to gas particles within the bubbling fluidized bed while systematically considering varied inlet gas superficial velocities and particle sizes.
Hydrodynamic analysis of nanofluids flow over 45° inclined porous square cylinder using Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model
Authors: Kaur Jaspinder , Ratan Jatinder Kumar , Melnik Roderick , Tiwari Anurag Kumar
Published: February 2024

Various engineering applications commonly involve the flow of nanofluids over a porous 45° inclined square cylinder. Therefore, the current study is to assess the impact of the Darcy parameter (Da), nanoparticle volume fraction (ϕ), and Reynolds number (Re) on the momentum transport characteristics over the 45° inclined porous square cylinder. The governing equations were solved numerically using the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model for different values of Da (
), nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ (
), and Reynolds number Re (
). The results for each parameter were visualized using streamline plots, velocity profiles within the porous cylinder, and vorticity contours. Complex flow behaviors were observed between Da = 10−3–10−2, flow separation detached and disappeared at the cylinder's downstream side at critical Darcy number. Drag and pressure coefficents are used to represent the global and local parameter of the flow fields. The pressure coefficient on the surface of the cylinder showed an inverse relationship with the nanoparticles volume fraction and Darcy number. The strength of the drag coefficient decreased with the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid, with a decreasing trend observed for Da = 10−4–10−2 and no change observed for Da = 10−6–10−4. At last, the comparative analysis has been conducted between a porous square cylinder at 0° inclined and another 45° inclined.
Morphofunctional analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of an annual killifish: In search of structural traits related to the annual life history
Authors: Domínguez‐Castanedo Omar , Luna‐González Ximena , Valdez‐Carbajal Sharon , Muñoz‐Campos Tessy M.
Published: February 2024

Annual killifishes have active and voracious rates in acquisition of food resources with display of behaviors that allow them to maintain high metabolic rates to deal with the harsh and unpredictable conditions prevalent in temporary pools where they inhabit. The objective of this research was to describe histologically and ultrastructurally, the digestive system of the annual killifish Millerichthys robustus to identify morphological traits related to its annual life history and digestive physiology. Also, we quantify food items along the intestine as a proxy for rates of digestion. Millerichthys has a short digestive system, associated with a carnivorous diet, with no evidence of a stomach. Instead, the presence of pharyngeal jaws with caniform teeth was documented, related to the breakdown of invertebrate exoskeletons, allowing prey fluids to be tasted by taste corpuscles related to selection of food items, and that digestive enzymes penetrate once in the intestine. The histological morphology of the intestine showed four different regions, associated with its digestive rates: (i) reception of food from the esophagus with intact pray; (ii) digestion with enzymes from the pancreas and liver/gallbladder of simple exoskeleton prey (Entognatha), and beginning of absorption; (iii) absorption of nutrients, and digestion of large‐complex exoskeleton prey (Hexanauplia, Brachiopoda, and Ostracoda); and (iv) probable absorption of intact macromolecules. The second region of the intestine presented two anatomical loops and the highest thickness that may be related to reducing the speed of food transit, allowing for more efficient digestion given the large amount of food ingested by this species.
Extracting binding energies and binding modes from biomolecular simulations of fragment binding to endothiapepsin
Authors: Schmitz Birte , Frieg Benedikt , Homeyer Nadine , Jessen Gisela , Gohlke Holger
Published: February 2024

Fragment‐based drug discovery (FBDD) aims to discover a set of small binding fragments that may be subsequently linked together. Therefore, in‐depth knowledge of the individual fragments' structural and energetic binding properties is essential. In addition to experimental techniques, the direct simulation of fragment binding by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations became popular to characterize fragment binding. However, former studies showed that long simulation times and high computational demands per fragment are needed, which limits applicability in FBDD. Here, we performed short, unbiased MD simulations of direct fragment binding to endothiapepsin, a well‐characterized model system of pepsin‐like aspartic proteases. To evaluate the strengths and limitations of short MD simulations for the structural and energetic characterization of fragment binding, we predicted the fragments' absolute free energies and binding poses based on the direct simulations of fragment binding and compared the predictions to experimental data. The predicted absolute free energies are in fair agreement with the experiment. Combining the MD data with binding mode predictions from molecular docking approaches helped to correctly identify the most promising fragments for further chemical optimization. Importantly, all computations and predictions were done within 5 days, suggesting that MD simulations may become a viable tool in FBDD projects.
On the chemical abundance differences between the solar twin visual binary system 16 Cygni A and B
Authors: Takeda Yoichi
Published: February 2024

The visual binary system 16 Cyg A+B consists of similar solar twins, but a planetary companion is detected only in B. An intensive spectroscopic differential analysis is carried out to the Sun, 16 Cyg A, and 16 Cyg B, with particular attention being paid to (i) precisely establishing the differential atmospheric parameters/metallicity between A and B, and (ii) determining the important CNO abundances based on the lines of CH, NH, and OH molecules. The following results are obtained. (1) The Fe abundances (relative to the Sun) are [Fe/H]A = +0.09 and [Fe/H]B = +0.06 (i.e., A is slightly metal‐rich than B by +0.03 dex). This lends support to the consequences of recently published papers, while the conclusion once derived by the author (almost the same metallicity for A and B) is acknowledged to be incorrect. (2) The differential abundances ([X/H]) of volatile CNO with low (condensation temperature) are apparently lower than those of refractory Fe group elements of higher , leading to a positive gradient in the [X/H] versus relation being more conspicuous for A than B. This is qualitatively consistent with previous studies, though the derived slope is quantitatively somewhat steeper than that reported by other authors.
Assessing pragmatic language difficulties using the Revised Children's Communication Checklist‐2. Exploratory structural equation modeling and associations with restricted and repetitive behaviors
Authors: Keating Jennifer , Uljarević Mirko , van Goozen Stephanie H. M. , Abbot‐Smith Kirsten , Hay Dale F. , Leekam Susan R.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we investigated the psychometric properties of the Child Communication Checklist‐Revised (CCC‐R) for the first time with an English‐speaking sample. We used a confirmatory application of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to re‐evaluate the CCC‐R's psychometric properties. We found strong support for its use as an assessment for pragmatic and structural language. Our second main aim was to explore associations between pragmatic and structural language and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs), two hallmark characteristics of autism. We used the CCC‐R and Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire (RBQ‐2) to investigate these associations in a diverse non‐clinical sample of children, taking a transdiagnostic approach. We intentionally excluded autism and other neurodevelopmental diagnoses to test, (1) the CCC‐R in a broad sample and (2) the association between pragmatic language and RRB in children not already selected for that association. The sample comprised two groups of children, one was community sampled (n = 123) and the other (n = 143) included children with non‐specific behavioral, emotional and/or cognitive difficulties referred to an assessment unit by schools. We found clear associations between pragmatic language difficulties and RRBs in both groups. Regression analysis showed that pragmatic language was the only significant contributor to RRBs even after Grammatical‐Semantic score, age, sex, and socioeconomic status were controlled. The pattern was the same for both recruitment groups. However, the effects were stronger for the school‐referred group which also had more pragmatic difficulties, grammatical‐semantic difficulties and RRBs. A robust link between pragmatic language and RRBs, established in autism, has continuity across the broader non‐clinical population.
Machine learning for the management of biochar yield and properties of biomass sources for sustainable energy
Authors: Nguyen Van Giao , Sharma Prabhakar , Ağbulut Ümit , Le Huu Son , Truong Thanh Hai , Dzida Marek , Tran Minh Ho , Le Huu Cuong , Tran Viet Dung
Published: February 2024

Biochar is emerging as a potential solution for biomass conversion to meet the ever increasing demand for sustainable energy. Efficient management systems are needed in order to exploit fully the potential of biochar. Modern machine learning (ML) techniques, and in particular ensemble approaches and explainable AI methods, are valuable for forecasting the properties and efficiency of biochar properly. Machine‐learning‐based forecasts, optimization, and feature selection are critical for improving biomass management techniques. In this research, we explore the influences of these techniques on the accurate forecasting of biochar yield and properties for a range of biomass sources. We emphasize the importance of the interpretability of a model, as this improves human comprehension and trust in ML predictions. Sensitivity analysis is shown to be an effective technique for finding crucial biomass characteristics that influence the synthesis of biochar. Precision prognostics have far‐reaching ramifications, influencing industries such as biomass logistics, conversion technologies, and the successful use of biomass as renewable energy. These advances can make a substantial contribution to a greener future and can encourage the development of a circular biobased economy. This work emphasizes the importance of using sophisticated data‐driven methodologies such as ML in biochar synthesis, to usher in ecologically friendly energy solutions. These breakthroughs hold the key to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.
Negative correlation between the Bern score and opening pressure in myelography positive spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Qiaowei , He Feifang , Hu Xingyue , Wang Jin
Published: February 2024

Objective

The Bern score is based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the probability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between lumbar puncture opening pressure (OP) and the Bern score.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed OP measurement records and neuroimaging of patients with SIH in our center. The Bern score and its components were measured based on contrast‐enhanced brain MRI. The associations between OP and the Bern score, as well as its components, were analyzed. Patients were divided as low‐pressure (LP) group (OP < 60 mmH2O) and not‐low‐pressure (NLP) group (OP ≥ 60 mmH2O). Differences in terms of the Bern score and its components were compared between the two groups.

Results

Seventy‐one (mean age 40.4 ± 10.6 years) patients with myelography confirmed CSF leak were included in this study. The mean disease duration when performed brain MRI was 32 ± 29 days, with a mean Bern score of 5.1 ± 2.7 and a mean OP of 68.6 ± 60.3 mmH2O. There are statistically negative correlations between OP and the Bern score (p < .001), as well as suprasellar cistern (p < .01) and prepontine cistern (p < .01). The presence of venous engorgement (p < .01) and pachymeningeal enhancement (p < .001) were significantly associated with OP. The LP groups have higher Bern scores than the NLP group (5.9 ± 2.5 vs. 4.2 ± 2.6, p = .004).

Conclusions

A higher Bern score is indicative of not only an increased likelihood of a CSF leak but also a greater probability of low OP in patients with SIH. For patients with a Bern score ≥5 and positive heavily T2‐weighted MR myelography findings, epidural blood patch is reasonable before invasive myelography.
Creating shared value in China: The case of Austrian businesses
Authors: Reindl Stefan
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the state of creating shared value (CSV) in China, where a number of societal pressures and issues, appear to offer businesses plentiful opportunities to apply the CSV model. The focus here lies on foreign businesses in China, which are commonly referred to as a key driving force behind China's economic growth. Following a review of relevant literature discussing both, the global as well as the Chinese context of companies “doing good,” this study utilizes online and in‐person interviews to gather additional data to derive more insight into recent business practices, specifically analyzing which level of “doing good” foreign businesses in China are currently engaging in. For this empirical component of the study, Austrian businesses in China serve as the target population. The study's findings show, that while “doing good” has been a relevant topic for foreign businesses in China, many are still engaging in simpler ways of “doing good,” such as philanthropy or Corporate Social Responsibility. Only few companies currently follow a CSV approach in China, yet a larger number find CSV a suitable approach for businesses in China, indicating that CSV does have potential as China continues her economic growth. The study concludes with recommendations for both, academia and business practice, and could potentially also serve as an inspiration for regulatory policies for foreign businesses in China.
Influencing optimistic bias: Moderating roles of perceived severity and proximity
Authors: Kim Hyuksoo , Lee YoungAh
Published: February 2024

Previous studies showed that optimistic bias is an important concept to influence individuals' health‐related behaviors. The current web‐based experimental study proposes that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, proximity and perceived control are factors that influence one's optimistic bias. Optimistic bias was reduced when participants perceived high susceptibility because their perceived control decreased. Further, moderated moderated‐mediation analysis revealed the moderating role of (1) perceived severity between perceived susceptibility and perceived control and (2) proximity between perceived control and optimistic bias. The analyses of interaction effects empirically demonstrated that the effect of perceived susceptibility and perceived control on optimistic bias are contingent upon perceived severity and proximity. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
The power of influence: How social media influencers are shaping consumer decision making in the digital age
Authors: Mrisha Samuel Hudson , Xixiang Sun
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of social media influencer (SMI) marketing has compelled businesses to adjust to the changing landscape of the digital age. This adjustment is driven by the substantial influence that social media influencers (SMIs) wield over consumer decision‐making; however, prior research often treated SMI strategy, content, and credibility as separate elements, leaving a knowledge gap on how these elements intersect and collectively influence SMI and consumer behavior. This study aimed to bridge this research gap by synthesizing existing literature on SMIs and consumer decision making, with a focus on SMI strategy, content, and credibility. It employed a systematic literature review with a hybrid domain‐based approach, integrating the strengths of various review types while addressing their limitations. This study employed a constructivist qualitative methodology with a reflexive thematic analysis approach. It focused on synthesizing and analyzing literature from EBSCO databases on social media influencer marketing and consumer behavior, following carefully designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings revealed that SMI Strategy, SMI Content, and SMI Credibility are interconnected components of SMI marketing, and even subtle modifications to these elements can significantly influence consumer decision‐making. This study provides a holistic understanding of SMI marketing, emphasizing the interplay of SMI strategy, content, and credibility in shaping consumer choices. It offers valuable insights for businesses navigating the dynamic landscape of SMI marketing increasing their comprehension of the phenomenon.
Larvicidal Activity against Spodoptera frugiperda of some Constituents from two Diospyros Species. In silico Pesticide‐likeness Properties, Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Molecular Docking
Authors: Pérez‐Valera Olivia , Torres‐Martínez Rafael , Nieto‐Camacho Antonio , Valencia Israel , Javier Espinosa‐García Francisco , Delgado Guillermo
Published: February 2024

This report informs for the first time the chemical constituents of Diospyros xolocotzii and Diospyros digyna, the pesticidal and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential of some compounds calculated by in silico approaches, the larvicidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda of available compounds, the AChE inhibition of selected compounds, and the results of the molecular docking of the most active ones with this receptor. From the aerial parts of D. xolocotzii were isolated pentacyclic triterpenes (1–4, 6, 10, 11–13), phytosterols (15–17), and isodiospyrin (18), whereas the analysis of aerial parts of D. digyna conducted to the isolation of pentacyclic triterpenes (4, 5, 7–9, 11–14), (4S)‐shinanolone (19), and scopoletin (20). For comparison purposes, origanal (21) was chemically prepared from 11. The in silico analysis showed that the tested compounds have pesticide potential. The larvicidal activities of 11>13>12 indicated that the increase of the oxidation degree at C‐28 increases their bioactivity. Compounds 11 and 21 presented the higher inhibition in the acetylcholinesterase assay, and the higher binding energies, and for the interactionswith AChE by molecular docking. Both Diospyros species are sources of triterpenes with pesticidal potential and the molecular changes in lupane triterpenes correlate with the observed bioactivity and molecular docking.
3D bio scaffold support osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Ramzan Faiza , Khalid Shumaila , Ekram Sobia , Salim Asmat , Frazier Trivia , Begum Sumreen , Mohiuddin Omair A. , Khan Irfan
Published: February 2024

The regeneration of osteochondral lesions by tissue engineering techniques is challenging due to the lack of physicochemical characteristics and dual‐lineage (osteogenesis and chondrogenesis). A scaffold with better mechanical properties and dual lineage capability is required for the regeneration of osteochondral defects. In this study, a hydrogel prepared from decellularized human umbilical cord tissue was developed and evaluated for osteochondral regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the umbilical cord were seeded with hydrogel for 28 days, and cell‐hydrogel composites were cultured in basal and osteogenic media. Alizarin red staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescent staining were used to confirm that the hydrogel was biocompatible and capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation in umbilical cord‐derived MSCs. The findings demonstrate that human MSCs differentiated into an osteogenic lineage following 28 days of cultivation in basal and osteoinductive media. The expression was higher in the cell‐hydrogel composites cultured in osteoinductive media, as evidenced by increased levels of messenger RNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers as compared to basal media cultured cell‐hydrogel composites. Additionally, calcium deposits were also observed, which provide additional evidence of osteogenic differentiation. The findings demonstrate that the hydrogel is biocompatible with MSCs and possesses osteoinductive capability in vitro. It may be potentially useful for osteochondral regeneration.
M6A methylation‐regulated autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Tao Yuao , Yu Xiaoyu , Li Xiaolong , Xu Yuzhu , Wang Hui , Zhang Lele , Lin Rubing , Wang Yuntao , Fan Pan
Published: February 2024

Degeneration of intervertebral discs is considered one of the most important causes of low back pain and disability. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is characterized by its susceptibility to various stressors that accelerate the senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells, resulting in the loss of these cells and dysfunction of the intervertebral disc. Therefore, how to reduce the loss of nucleus pulposus cells under stress environment is the main problem in treating intervertebral disc degeneration. Autophagy is a kind of programmed cell death, which can provide energy by recycling substances in cells. It is considered to be an effective method to reduce the senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells under stress. However, further research is needed on the mechanisms by which autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells is regulated under stress environments. M6A methylation, as the most extensive RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, participates in various cellular biological functions and is believed to be related to the regulation of autophagy under stress environments, may play a significant role in nucleus pulposus responding to stress. This article first summarizes the effects of various stressors on the death and autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells. Then, it summarizes the regulatory mechanism of m6A methylation on autophagy‐related genes under stress and the role of these autophagy genes in nucleus pulposus cells. Finally, it proposes that the methylation modification of autophagy‐related genes regulated by m6A may become a new treatment approach for intervertebral disc degeneration, providing new insights and ideas for the clinical treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
Measurement of Enthalpy and Entropy of a Model Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Morales‐Santelices Joaquín , Risch Marcel
Published: February 2024

Experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters are rarely reported for electrocatalytic reactions including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Yet, they contain unique and valuable mechanistic insight and present a missing link to theoretical investigations. Herein, a protocol for determining thermodynamic properties of the rate determining state and intermediate (RDSI) of the OER is presented. Cobalt oxide is investigated at pH 7 as a case study. Two different approaches are employed: steady state polarization (SSP) that uses chronopotentiometry at different temperatures and current values, and potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) at different DC voltages and temperatures. The data is used to fit a 3D plane from which entropy and enthalpy of the RDSI are obtained. The data analysis requires an appropriate filtering of the data. Hence, we discuss suitable figures of merit for establishing appropriate filtering criteria. The values obtained are 0.72 and −0.39 eV (at 298 K) for enthalpic and entropic contributions, respectively. The obtained values are reproducible for both approaches and consistent with literature.
Zn(II)‐Stabilized Azo‐Anion Radical Catalyzed Sustainable C−C Bond Formation: Regioselective Alkylation of Fluorene, Oxindole, and Indoles
Authors: Pal Subhasree , Guin Amit Kumar , Chakraborty Subhajit , Paul Nanda D.
Published: February 2024

Herein we report a sustainable approach for the alkylation of ketones, 9H‐fluorene, oxindole, and indole using alcohols as the alkylating agent catalyzed by a well‐defined air‐stable zinc catalyst (1 a) of a tridentate redox non‐innocent arylazo ligand, 2‐((4‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (La). 2–3 mol % of 1 a efficiently produces substituted α‐alkylated ketones, 9‐alkylated fluorenes, C3‐alkylated oxindoles, and C3‐alkylated indoles in moderate to good isolated yields. In aerial condition, the formation of bis(indolyl)methane (BIMs) derivatives were observed when indoles were subjected to alkylation by primary alcohols. A few drug molecules containing BIMs were prepared in good isolated yields. The catalyst 1 a exhibited good chemoselectivity during the functionalization of fluorene and indole with oleyl alcohol and β‐citronellol. A few control experiments, including deuterium labeling experiments, performed to unveil the reaction mechanism indicate that the one‐electron reduced azo‐anion radical species [1 a]‐formed in situ, acts as the active catalyst. All the redox events occur at the redox‐active aryl‐azo ligand, which acts as the reservoir of hydrogen and electrons throughout the catalytic cycle, keeping the Zn(II)‐center as a template.
Electronic Regulation on Ni‐based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Wei Yiheng , Song Yanfang
Published: February 2024

Green power‐driven CO2 electroreduction using earth‐abundant Ni‐based catalysts is a highly promising approach to fulfill renewable energy storage and a negative carbon cycle. However, metallic Ni nanoparticles and clusters always show severe hydrogen evolution during CO2 electroreduction. Single atomic Ni catalysts demonstrate promising performance for CO2 electroreduction, whereas the very weak binding to intermediates and the very low metal loadings severely limit their activity, efficiency, and practical application. In this concept, we discuss how to regulate the electronic structures of Ni‐based catalysts to enhance the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. This work will offer instructive guidance in elaborating transition metal catalysts for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction, which may become suitable for future industrial applications.
Molybdenum(0)‐Tricarbonyl Complex Supported by an Azacalix‐pyridine Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Deposition and Conversion to a Molybdenum(VI)‐Trioxo Complex with O2
Authors: Clausen Kai Uwe , Schlimm Alexander , Bedbur Katja , Näther Christian , Strunskus Thomas , Fu Ling , Gruber Manuel , Berndt Richard , Tuczek Felix
Published: February 2024

Adsorption of metal‐organic complexes on metallic surfaces to produce well‐defined single site catalysts is a novel approach combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. To avoid the “surface trans‐effect” a dome‐shaped molybdenum(0) tricarbonyl complex supported by an tolylazacalix[3](2,6)pyridine ligand is synthesized. This vacuum‐evaporable complex both activates CO and reacts with molecular oxygen (O2) to form a Mo(VI) trioxo complex which in turn is capable of catalytically mediating oxygen transfer. The molybdenum tricarbonyl‐ and trioxo complexes are investigated in the solid state, in homogeneous solution and on noble metal surfaces (Cu, Au) employing a range of spectroscopic and analytical methods.
Synthesis of gem‐Difluorinated Keto‐Sulfoxides from Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Hayashi Marcio , Burtoloso Antonio C. B.
Published: February 2024

Organic molecules containing fluorine and sulfur atoms represent a large percentage of approved pharmaceuticals. Those with combination of both S and F atoms in their structure such as Xtandi, approved in 2012 for prostate cancer, indicates the importance of synthetic methods that accommodates both atoms in an organic moiety. In this study, a novel aspect of sulfoxonium ylide reactivity was explored, unveiling a streamlined and mild synthesis method for gem‐difluorinated keto‐sulfoxides. Our protocol offers a direct and practical approach to prepare these compounds in 14–80 % chemical yields, that were represented by 21 examples. NMR studies and Hammett correlations gave strong evidence about the mechanism of this transformation.
Forschung und Fachkräfte für zukunftsfähige Batteriefabriken
Authors: Kwade Arno
Published: February 2024

Die Battery Labfactory Braunschweig (BLB) wurde nun um ein drittes Technikum erweitert, das CircularLab, dessen Schwerpunkt das mechanische Recycling von wertvollen Batteriematerialien wie Kobalt, Lithium, Nickel und Kupfer ist. Im Interview mit CITplus stellt der Vorsitzender des BLB, Prof. Dr. Arno Kwade, die wichtigen Forschungsaufgaben dar und betont dabei, dass in deutschen Forschungszentren wichtiges Know‐how entsteht und unverzichtbare Fachkräfte für zukunftsfähige und im Wettbewerb überlegene Batteriefabriken ausgebildet werden.
Technische Dichtheit von Elektrolyseuren
Authors: Keck Stefan
Published: February 2024

Für Anlagen aus Elektrolyseuren mit entsprechender Verrohrungen und weiterer Komponenten müssen Dichtheitsnachweise erbracht werden. Nach der aktuellen TA‐Luft wird der Nachweis rechnerisch mit Helium vorgelegt. Untersuchungen zeigen Abweichungen der Dichtheit bei Wasserstoff als Prüfmedium. Zertifizierte Dichtungsmaterialien können jedoch die Dichtheit von Flanschverbindungen für beide Gase sicherstellen.
Photoinduced Dehalocyclization to Access Oxindoles Using Formate as a Reductant
Authors: Ge Wei , Wang Jia‐Xin , Fu Ming‐Chen , Fu Yao
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we report an efficient and practical protocol for the photoinduced dehalocyclization of ortho‐halophenylacrylamides with formate by the engagement of a CO2 radical anion to access substituted oxindoles. This method proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and exhibits a wide range of substrate as well as remarkable functional group compatibility.
Effect of a 1‐year physical activity intervention on quality of life, fatigue, and distress in adult childhood cancer survivors—A randomized controlled trial (SURfit)
Authors: Deng Wei H. , Zürcher Simeon J. , Schindera Christina , Jung Ruedi , Hebestreit Helge , Bänteli Iris , Bologna Katja , von der Weid Nicolas X. , Kriemler Susi , Rueegg Corina S.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of experiencing lower quality‐of‐life, fatigue, and depression. Few randomized controlled trials have studied the effect of physical activity (PA) on these in adult long‐term CCS. This study investigated the effect of a 1‐year individualized PA intervention on health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL), fatigue, and distress symptoms in adult CCS.

Methods

The SURfit trial randomized 151 CCS ≥16 years old, <16 at diagnosis and ≥5 years since diagnosis, identified through the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry. Intervention participants received personalized PA counselling to increase intense PA by ≥2.5 h/week for 1 year. Controls maintained usual PA levels. The authors assessed physical‐ and mental‐HRQOL, fatigue, and distress symptoms at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. T‐scores were calculated using representative normative populations (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10). Generalized linear mixed‐effects models with intention‐to‐treat (ITT, primary), and three per‐protocol allocations were used.

Results

At 12 months, ITT (–3.56 larger decrease, 95% confidence interval –5.69 to –1.43, p = .001) and two per‐protocol analyses found significantly lower fatigue. Physical‐HRQOL improved significantly in two per‐protocol analyses at 12 months. No other effects were found.

Conclusion

SURfit showed that increased intense PA over 1 year improved fatigue in adult CCS. Survivors should be recommended PA to reduce the burden of late‐effects.