bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Weakly Prime Fuzzy Ideals of Commutative Rings
Authors: Sönmez Deniz , Yeşilot Gürsel
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present a new notion of fuzzy ideals : called
weakly prime fuzzy ideal. Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity.
A nonconstant fuzzy ideal µ of R is called weakly prime fuzzy ideal if 0_t !=
x_r y_s ∈ µ implies x_r ∈ µ or y_s ∈ µ for all t ∈ (0, µ(0)]. We investigate some
properties of this notion. Morever, it is established relations between weakly
prime ideals and weakly prime fuzzy ideals of commutative rings.
Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Process Parameters to joint 7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy by Utilizing Taguchi Technique
Authors: Abbas Abbas Akram , Abdulkadhum Hazim Hattem
Published: May 2019

In this study, a 3 mm thickness 7075-T6 aluminium alloy sheet was used in the friction stir welding process. Using the design of experiment to reduce the number of experiments and to obtain the optimum friction stir welding parameters by utilizing Taguchi technique based on the ultimate tensile test results. Orthogonal array of L9 (33) was used based on three numbers of the parameters and three levels for each parameter, where shoulder-workpiece interference depth (0.20, 0.25, and 0.3) mm, pin geometry (cylindrical thread flat end, cylindrical thread with 3 flat round end, cylindrical thread round end), and thread pitch (0.8, 1, and 1.2) mm) this technique executed by Minitab 17 software. The results showed that the optimum friction stir welding parameters were 0.25 mm shoulder-workpiece interference depth, cylindrical thread flat end pin shape, 1.2 mm thread pitch depending on the S ̸ N ratio and ANOVA analysis and the welding efficiency was 93.3% based on the ultimate tensile stress.
Non-Destructive Damage Assessment of Five Layers Fiber Glass / Polyester Composite Materials Laminated Plate by Using Lamb Waves Simulation
Authors: Khalil Hani Kamal Chyad , Hadi Nabil Hassan
Published: May 2019

Composite materials are widely used in the engineered assets as aerospace structures, marine and air navigation owing to their high strength/weight ratios. Detection and identification of damage in the composite structures are considered as an important part of monitoring and repairing of structural systems during the service to avoid instantaneous failure. Effective cost and reliability are essential during the process of detecting. The Lamb wave method is an effective and sensitive technique to tiny damage and can be applied for structural health monitoring using low energy sensors; it can provide good information about the condition of the structure during its operation by analyzing the propagation of the wave in the plate. This paper presented the results and conclusions of a theoretical, numerical and experimental study of this method which was used for damage detection in the five layers fiberglass/polyester composite laminated plate, the fiber layer type is plain woven (0o/90o). The numerical analysis has been carried out by FEM using ABAQUS software for intact and cracked test specimen with the various boundary conditions and excitation frequencies, the results obtained have been confirmed experimentally by using piezoelectric wafer transducers (PZT) as actuator and sensor for both cases of experiments, it has been noted as a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.
Determination of the Optimum formula for Composite Motor Gasoline Octane Number Blending Enhancer
Authors: Al-Bayati Alaa D. Jawad , Rufaish Abdul Hussain Hurraija , Fadhil Hussein Shaheed
Published: May 2019

To decrease the dependency of producing high octane number gasoline on the catalytic processes in petroleum refineries and to increase the gasoline pool, the effect of adding a suggested formula of composite blending octane number enhancer to motor gasoline composed of a mixture of oxygenated materials (ethanol and ether) and aromatic materials (toluene and xylene) was investigated by design of experiments made by Mini Tab 15 statistical software. The original gasoline before addition of the octane number blending enhancer has a value of (79) research octane number (RON). The design of experiments which study the optimum volumetric percentages of the four variables, ethanol, toluene, and ether and xylene materials leads to 30 experiments. The results obtained show that RON can reach a value of 103.1 (30.5% RON improvement) when a formula of composite octane number blending enhancer containing a volumetric percentage of 15, 25, 25 volumetric percent of ethanol, toluene and xylene respectively. The cost study in comparison with the price of high octane number gasoline sold in Iraq show that this formula has a high cost of 2050 Iraqi Dinar (IQD)/liter gasoline, while  the formula of composite octane number blending enhancer containing 15% volumetric percentage of Ethanol only leading to gasoline of 89.6 RON (13.4 % ON improvement) gave minimum cost of 300 IQD / liter gasoline for the blend of octane number enhancer making the total price of the gasoline to be competitive with the high ON gasoline imported from outside Iraq.  While the formula of 7.5, 12.5, 37.5 and 5% volumetric percentage of ethanol, toluene, xylene, and ether respectively have a maximum cost of 2525 IQD of produced gasoline of 101.3 RON (octane number improved by 28.23%).
Theoretical Analysis of Seepage through Homogeneous and Non-homogeneous Saturated-Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Jassam Mahmood Gazey , Abdulrazzaq Sinan Salah
Published: May 2019

In this research, the program SEEP / W was used to compute the value of seepage through the homogenous and non-homogeneous earth dam with known dimensions. The results show that the relationship between the seepage and water height in upstream of the dam to its length for saturated soil was nonlinear when the dam is homogenous. For the non-homogeneous dam, the relationship was linear and the amount of seepage increase with the height of water in upstream to its length. Also the quantity of seepage was calculated using the method of (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) and (Van Genuchten, 1980) when the soil is saturated – unsaturated, the results referred to that the higher value of seepage when the soil is saturated and the lowest value of seepage when using Van Genuchten method for both homogeneous and non-homogeneous earth fill dams. Also relationship for the seepage (Q) with the curve fitting parameter (a) for sand, silt and clay soil was nonlinear when the dam is homogenous with constant variables (n, m) and the amount of seepage increase with increasing value of (a). The amount of seepage for a nonhomogeneous dam with a different value of (Kshell to Kcore) was calculated and then compared with the value of (K equivalent) which was equal to average (Kshell and Kcore) for the homogenous dam. The results show that when the average between (Kshell and Kcore) is ≤ 100 the difference was small between the quantity of the seepage calculated. For simplicity of the solution process, it can be replaced non-homogeneous dam by a homogenous dam with (K eq) when the values of Kshell and Kcore are less than or equal to 100.
Reduced Complexity SLM Method for PAPR Reduction
Authors: Jawad Zahraa Ali
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the computational complexity will be reduced using a revised version of the selected mapping (SLM) algorithm. Where a partial SLM is achieved to reduce the mathematical operations around 50%. Although the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction gain has been slightly degraded, the dramatic reduction in the computational complexity is an outshining achievement. Matlab simulation is used to evaluate the results, where the PAPR result shows the capability of the proposed method.
Postmodern Architecture between the pillars of philosophical discourse and architectural practice
Authors: Abood Oday Abbas
Published: May 2019

Postmodern arguments, formed a critic case of what modernity brought in several levels. Postmodern practice was considered as a proactive case having amorphous concepts and features to what entiled as an intellectual trends postmodern philosophically and intellectually. But, what postmodernism architecture broughts in it essence, was not isolation from the intellectual context and entrepreneurship case, and it was not disconnecting from the intellectual and philosophical era of that period. Lliteratures and philosophical argument precede what (Robert Venturi) and (Charles A Jencks) had brought, albeit it was closer to critics and correction the path of modernity from crystallizing a direction that exceeds modrinity to what follows.

In this context, the research's aim had been determined by: (investigating the philosophical depth and intellectual arguments for postmodernism, and them implications in the architectural practice comparing to the philosophical narratives, and then determine the reflection of that in the architectural technology practice).  For achieving the aim of the research, the research was initiated to discuss the intellectual foundations of the postmodernism by discussing the philosophical propositions constitutive and the crystallized, first. And then discuss the propositions of postmodernism in architecture, secondly.  And discuss the presence of thought in the technological practice as influential and affected. And then the research reached the most important general and particular conclusions of the postmodern trends and its reflection in architecture, and then to reached the comparative conclusions for each of the philosophical and architectural propositions, and then to determining a reflection all of that in the architectural technological practice directions.
Jaringan Komputer 5 Konfigurasi Routing BGP di Cisco Packet Tracer Akhmad Syarifudin 175100012
Authors: Syarifudin Akhmad
Published: May 2019

BGP adalah sebuah protokol routing untuk pertukaran informasi antar autonomous system. autonomous system merupakan sebuah jaringan atau kelompok jaringan berada pada satu administrasi jaringan . BGP digunakan untuk pertukaran informasi routing untuk Internet dan merupakan protokol yang digunakan antar penyedia layanan Internet ( ISP ). Jaringan pelanggan, seperti perguruan tinggi dan perusahaan, biasanya menggunakan sebuah Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP ) seperti RIP atau OSPF untuk pertukaran informasi routing dalam jaringan mereka. Pelanggan terhubung ke ISP , dan ISP menggunakan BGP untuk bertukar pelanggan dan ISP rute . Ketika BGP digunakan antara sistem otonom ( AS ), protokol ini disebut sebagai BGP Eksternal ( EBGP ) . Jika penyedia layanan menggunakan BGP untuk bertukar rute dalam suatu AS , maka protokol disebut sebagai Interior BGP ( IBGP ) .Routing BGP (Border Gateway Protokol) merupakan salah satu jenis routing protokol yang digunakan untuk koneksi antar Autonomous System (AS), dan salah satu jenis routing protokol yang banyak digunakan oleh ISP besar atau pun kecil untuk perbaikan. Dan hasilnya device yang berbeda pada jaringan dapat saling berhubungan, dan konfigurasinya lebih mudah jika dibandingkan routing static atau lebih tepatnya kita dapat menghemat waktu lebih banyak.Kata Kunci : Konfigurasi Routing BGP di Cisco Packet Tracer.
analisa internal dan eksternal
Authors: anggraini Kiki
Published: May 2019

Pada umumnya tujuan utama perusahaan adalah untuk memperoleh laba yang sebesar-besarnya, meningkatkan volume penjualan dan mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya. Untuk memastikan bahwa tujuan utama perusahaan dapat dicapai melalui pelaksanaan yang tepat oleh perusahaan, maka diperlukan perencanaan startegi bisnis, dan menyelaraskannya pada misi perusahaan. Strategi untuk suatu perusahaan adalah rencana jangka panjang. Strategi ini adalah rencana yang disatukan. Artinya mengikat semua bagian perusahaan menjadi satu menyeluruh, meliputi semua aspek penting perusahaan dan terpadu, sehingga semua bagian rencana serasi satu sama lain dan bersesuaian. Strategi menghubungkan keunggulan strategis perusahaan dengan tantangan lingkungannya. Sehingga sebenlum perusahaan dapat memulai perumusan strateginya, manajemen terlebih dahulu harus mengamati lingkungan eksternal untuk mengidentifikasi peluang dan ancaman yang mungkin terjadi dan mengamati lingkungan internal untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan perusahaan yang juga akan menentukan apakah perusahaan mampu mengambil keuntungan darIpeluang-peluang yang ada sambil menghindari ancaman-ancaman. Dari latar berangkat diatas saya mencoba untuk melakukan analisa terhadap PT UNILEVER. Analisa difokuskan pada lingkungan internal dan eksternal perusahaan.
A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 6-amino-pyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones derivatives, pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones derivatives and their glycosides
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

Simple condensation reaction of 6-amino-pyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones with aromatic aldhydes afforded 6-(arylidene-amino)-pyrimidine-2-(1H)-thiones derivatives, that react with -nitrostyrene to give pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine-2-(1H)-thiones derivatives , the latter compounds served as key intermediate for the synthesis of a new class of pyrimidine-S-glycosides by the reaction with α-bromoglucose tetracetate. Deacetylation of glycoside have been achieved The structure of the compounds were established and confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data.
Problems and solutions in colors, dyes and pigments chemistry: A Review
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

This paper review is recommended for undergraduate students, graduate students, chemists, dyestuffs and colorists. They will find it interesting, informative and very readable. Several multi choice problems and their solutions in the basics and fundamentals of colors, dyes and pigments chemistry were represented in this paper review. Reviewing the basic information, fundamental understanding, principles and or the knowledge of colors, dyes and pigments chemistry via multi choice problems and their solutions is interesting type of reviewing and can be used as an excellent tool for measuring and or test the deep understanding of undergraduate and graduate students for colors, dyes and pigments chemistry. The paper includes, contains and or covers topics like, the relation between color and constitution and or Witt's theory, fibers, definitions for dyes and pigments and other definitions and vital informations in color, dyes and pigments chemistry. The paper also involves synthesis, properties, classifications and uses of many aromatic and or heterocyclic dyes. Such dyes, like nitro dyes, nitroso dyes, azo dyes, diarylmethane dyes, triarylmethane dyes, anthraquinone dyes, cyanine dyes, azine dyes, phthaleine dyes, indigoid dyes, acridine dyes, xanthen dyes and phthalocyanine dyes. This paper review acts as a mordant and or stabilizers for some of the basic informations, principles and or the knowledge in colors, dyes and pigments chemistry. It is valuable both for getting an overview in the field of color, dyes and pigments chemistry and as a mine of information for the dyestuff chemists. This paper review can be valuable in domestic and international chemistry forum as general and particularly, in colors, dyes and pigments chemistry. Besides, this paper review can be printed and used as a thesis and or as a note book students learning and lectures. Also, it is can be used in students examinations tests in chemistry departments and or chemistry institutions of any domestic and or international university.
BTX Degradation: The concept of microbial integration
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

The concept of microbial integration was carried out to examine bacterial and fungal activity on bezene, toluence and xylene (BTX) degradation in a batch reactor. The investigation was conducted for thirty five day of exposure of contact of members and substrate which yielded enzyme substrate complex as well disintegrated to produce products and free enzyme. Bacterial and fungal concentration was monitored per week and the results obtained recorded. The gas chromatography results of Ngara soil sample investigated reveals the concentration of M, P, and O – Xylene for different days of exposure. Increase in both bacterial and fungal was experienced with decrease in BTX concentration, whereas increase in bacterial is more than fungi, indicating the high activity of bacterial in the reactor than that of fungi. Although, both were well integrated in bioremediation program to enhance the effective remediation of BTX contaminants in Ngara soil, Omuigwe Alun Community, Niger Delta Area of Nigeria.
Metals in green coffee beans from major coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

The metal contents of green coffee beans cultivated in major coffee growing zones of Ethiopia (Wollega, Sidamo, Harar, Bench Maji and Kafa) have been determined in representative samples of the five coffee varieties collected from Coffee Quality Inspection and Liquoring Center located in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Different sample preparation procedures were tested by varying reagent volumes and types, digestion time, digestion temperature and amount of the sample to decompose the green coffee beans and solubilize the metals. The optimal procedure required 4 h to completely digest 0.5 g of green coffee beans with 5 mL HNO3 (70%) and 1.5 mL HClO4 (70%) at 270 oC. Concentrations of metals (Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer employing a four point external calibration curve. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing sample digests spiked with standard solutions. Recoveries of the spiked samples varied from 90 to 110% in green coffee beans. The metals levels observed in green coffee beans are comparable to literature reports. Cd was not detected in any of the five samples while Pb was detected at trace level in only one of the five samples. This indicated that the Ethiopian green coffee beans are free from the toxic metals. The Pearson correlation coefficients indicated strong to medium positive or negative correlation among the metals in the green coffee beans. The analysis of variance results at 95% confidence level suggested that there were significant difference in the concentrations of all the metals except K between the five sampling areas. Thus, this study has revealed variation of metal composition of green coffee beans with the geographical origin of the coffee verities. The variation in composition among coffee sample might be due the differences in mineral contents of the corresponding soils.
Physiochemical properties and antioxidant potential of Persea Americana seed oil
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

Oil extracted from Persea Americana seed was assayed for its physiochemical properties and antioxidant potential using various standard methods. The oil content of the seed was found to be < 10%. Brownish-red color oil was liquid at room temperature, with specific gravity of 0.91±0.02 g/mL. Other physiochemical parameters determined were; acid value (4.51±0.08 mgKOH/g), %FFA (2.26±0.08), peroxide value (2.40±0.57 mgO2/Kg), ester value (31.26±0.03 mgKOH/g), saponification value (35.76±0.07 mgKOH/g) and iodine value (23.5±0.07). The results of the antioxidant activities of the seed oil showed that the flavonoid content (80.00±1.41 mgQE/g) was ~10 folds higher than the phenolic content (8.27±0.06 mgGAE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging value was found to be 51.54±0.25% with an IC50 value of 4.68±0.02 mg/mL and reducing power with an average absorbance of 0.85±0.01 and an IC50 value of 0.001±0.02 mg/mL. Gallic acid showed better antioxidant activities than the oil studied. The results obtained in this study showed that Persea Americana seed oil has nutritional, industrial as well as medicinal potentials.
Comparative study on batch equilibrium biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) using plantain (Musa paradisiaca) flower: kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

The potential of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) flower to remove Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions has been investigated under different process parameters like pH, contact time, biomass dose and initial metal ion concentration. The optimum pH for the biosorption of each of the metal ions is pH 6. The kinetic data obtained were subjected to four kinetic models, among which the pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to be the best model that describes the biosorption of each of the metal ions. The equilibrium sorption data were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R isotherms. In each case, the Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fit giving the sorption intensity (n) values of 1.17, 0.91 and 0.90 which indicate favourable sorption of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively. The heat of the sorption process was estimated from Temkin Isotherm model and the mean free energy was estimated from D-R isotherm model to be 312.81Jmol-1, 223.61Jmol-1 and 316.55Jmol-1 for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively. Thermodynamically, the biosorption of each of the metal ions is endothermic and the order of spontaneity of the biosorption process being Cd(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II). Similarly, positive change in entropy was observed for each, the order of disorderliness is Cd(II) > Zn(II) = Pb(II).
Rapid and efficient synthesis of newer heterocyclic 2-azetidinone and 5-benzylidine-4-oxo-thiazolidine compounds and their pharmacological studies
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

A straightforward rapid and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-azetidinone (D1-10) and 5-benzylidine-4-oxo-thiazolidine (F1-10) has been designed and synthesized in order to find newer antimicrobial compounds. The structure of entitle compounds have been evaluated on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR as well as elemental microanalysis. The title compounds were screened for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of selected pathogenic bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 426) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424) using cup-plate agar diffusion method at 40 μg/ml concentration. Out of synthesized compounds, compound nos. D4, D5, D7, D8, D9 and D10 have shown outstanding inhibitory effect against all pathogens and consider as the best bioactive desired antibacterial analogue of the series as compare to standard drugs ampicilline and chloramphenicol.
Empirical model approach for the evaluation of pH and conductivity on pollutant diffusion in soil environment
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

This work is aimed at developing a mathematical model equation that can be used to predict the fate of contaminant in the soil environment. The mathematical model was developed based on the fundamental laws of conservation and the equation of continuity given asand was resolved to obtain a quadratic equation of the form C(X) = DX2+vX+f. The developed equation was then used to fit the experimental data that were obtained from the Physio-chemical analysis of the soil samples which were obtained at various depths; within the vicinity of the H & H Asphalt plant Company, located at Enito 3 in Ahoada West L.G.A, River State, Nigeria. The Experimental and Model results obtained from the Calculation and Simulation of the developed models were compared numerically and graphically as presented in this work. It was observed that there is reasonable level of agreement between the three results. The polynomial of the curve was established to ascertain the validity of the model; this was done for all the parameters that were analyzed. From the findings the model developed can be used to predict the concentration of a chemical pollutant at various depths. The reliability of the model developed was established giving the fact that through this quadratic equation the diffusivity (coefficient of diffusion), the water velocity and the irreversible reaction decay rate could be determined.
Mindfulness Training Disrupts Pavlovian Conditioning
Authors: Hanley Adam , Garland Eric
Published: May 2019

Classical conditioning is a quintessential learning process; however, maladaptive forms of conditioning sustain many unhealthy behaviors (e.g., addiction). Mindfulness training is theorized to de-automatize conditioned behavior by decoupling stimulus and response. This study assessed the effect of mindfulness training on conditioned behavior during a classical conditioning task. Findings indicated mindfulness training decreased classically conditioned behavior relative to an active control condition, delaying the onset of first conditioned response and decreasing conditioned response frequency. Thus, mindfulness training may be one method of increasing volitional control over maladaptive conditioned behaviors that contribute to the development and maintenance of clinical disorders.
A BLAST-based, Language-agnostic Text Reuse Algorithm with a MARKUS Implementation and Sequence Alignment Optimized for Large Chinese Corpora
Authors: Vierthaler Paul , Gelein Mees
Published: May 2019

Until relatively recently, following the life of a phrase or passage from its origin as it is quoted, reused, and remixed through a large corpus of Chinese writing was extremely difficult. Yet identifying how and when a document is appropriating materials from earlier works is critical in many domains. Establishing the source of a given sequence of words is not only important in industry (particularly in patent law), journalism, and academia (to detect and prevent plagiarism), but it is also valuable as an interpretive mechanism for those who study literary or historical documents. Developing consistent ways of tracing information movement through a corpus of documents helps scholars understand information networks, intellectual trends, and quotation practices.
Data Cultures, Culture as Data – Special Issue of Cultural Analytics
Authors: Clement Tanya , Acker Amelia
Published: May 2019

Data have become pervasive in research in the humanities and the social sciences. New areas, objects, and situations for study have developed; and new methods for working with data are shepherded by new epistemologies and (potential) paradigm shifts. But data didn't just happen to us. We have happened to data. In every field, scholars are drawing boundaries between data and humans as if making meaning with data is innocent work. But these boundaries are never innocent. Questions are emerging about the relationships of culture to data—urgent questions that focus on the codification (or code-ification) of social and cultural bias and the erosion of human agency, subjectivity, and identity.
Enhancing Motivation and Engagement in Math classrooms using Inquiry-based learning
Authors: Kaur Rajneet
Published: May 2019

Students in math classrooms are disengaged and math anxious which results in them losing interest in any activity related to mathematics. This paper is an exploratory review which focuses on the topic of student motivation and engagement in classroom learning environments focusing on mathematics and the instructional method of inquiry-based learning (IBL). IBL has shown to impact student motivation and engagement, but the outcomes of this impact are still unclear. Thus, IBL is explored as a potential method to impact motivation and engagement in children. Expectancy-value theory (EVT) is used to examine the aforementioned relationship using symbolic interactionist and structural-functionalist theories for classroom interactions and math self-concept respectively. Finally, conclusions are made about relationships between IBL and motivation and engagement.
The Effect of Working Memory Training on Cognitive Control and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Snijder Jean-paul
Published: May 2019

!Note: The current paper is a thesis project. It has not been published, nor attempted to be published due to insufficient sample size! Abstract: Working memory (WM) training has seen a surge of popularity in recent years. There is evidence for near transfer of training, but findings regarding far transfer have been inconclusive. Furthermore, concerns have surfaced regarding the methodological design used in many WM training studies. This paper examines these concerns and presents an improved experimental design. This experiment then tests three hypotheses: (a) WM capacity will improve as a function of training, (b) WM training facilitates near and far transfer, and (c) changes in different cognitive abilities will be correlated. The cognitive abilities measured before and after training were cognitive control (Stroop and AX-CPT) and reading comprehension (Nelson Denny and a selection of the GRE passage comprehension). Cognitive control served as a near transfer measure and reading comprehension as a measure of far transfer. The results show that WM training is associated with an improvement in cognitive control but not in reading comprehension. This finding is consistent with recent meta-analyses and suggests that WM training can induce near transfer but not far transfer.
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in relation to lipid markers: A pan-India correlation study
Authors: Iyer Sandhya , Kushawaha Rajkumar , Sinkar Prachi , Selvaraj Sivakumar , Velumani Amruta
Published: May 2019

Background: Conventional serum markers are routinely recommended to assess heart health. However, many new biochemical markers like lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been studied as an efficient cardiac risk marker. Our report is an attempt to present correlation between traditional lipid markers and Lp-PLA2 in a pan-India cohort.
Materials and Methods: The study cohort included a total of 10347 pan-Indians including 5945 males and 4402 females respectively. The serum lipid parameters estimated include triglycerides, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol as well as total cholesterol by the technology of photometry.
Results: The frequency of high Lp-PLA2 detected in our study was 6.4% and the frequency between males at 9.3% and females at 2.5% was detected to be significant at p<0.0001. Linear regression analysis detected significant positive association of high Lp-PLA2 with LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol at p<0.05, while the trend with HDL-cholesterol was also significant. However, Lp-PLA2 as an independent marker was not detected to be significant in relation to the lipid indices studied.
Conclusion: Though Lp-PLA2 has been associated with risk factor for acute coronary crisis, its clinical value remains controversial. Our report though detected significant association of Lp-PLA2 with various lipid parameters, independent value remains questionable.
Histogenesis of suprarenal glands at different gestational age groups
Authors: Boddeti Ravindra Kumar , Devi Velichety Subhadra
Published: May 2019

Background: The human foetal suprarenal gland is structurally variant from its adult counterpart. The most distinctive features of human foetal suprarenal gland and histologically unique foetal zone, was described first by Elliott and Armour in 1911. After the first trimester, the centrally located foetal zone accounts for most of the foetal adrenal mass. The outer zone of the foetal suprarenal gland is called the “definitive zone or neo cortex”; this zone likely gives rise to the adult adrenal glomerulosa. A third zone called “transitional zone”, lies just between the neocortex and foetal zone and is believed to develop into the zona fasciculata.
Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed to study the histogenesis of suprarenal glands at different gestational age groups.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight formalin preserved dead embryos and foetuses of both sexes, were obtained from the Govt. Maternity Hospital & S.V.Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Specimens were grouped according to their gestational age groups (A,B,C,D) A= 0-12 weeks, B= 13-24 weeks, C= 25-36 weeks and D= more than 36 weeks of gestation. Specimens from group A were subjected to serial section as this group consists of embryos, and other groups were sectioned coronal and subjected to routine histological processing for H&E staining. Sections were observed for cellular details under light microscopy with 10X and 40X magnifications, and the same were photographed by microphotography.
Results: Based upon the gestational age groups, histogenesis of the suprarenal gland was observed and correlated with the available literature, and the detailed results, discussion will be dealt at the time of discussion.
Conclusions: Histological observation of the all the specimens observed in the present study are in agreement with those reported in the literature except that they appeared earlier in the present study than that reported in the literature. Capsule of suprarenal gland appeared at 12 weeks, sympatho-chromaffin bundles appeared before 6 weeks and zonation of cortex was observed at 8 weeks in the present study when compared to the time of appearance reported in the literature as 14 weeks, after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks respectively in the literature.
Primary spinal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor with acute presentation: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Bachchan Abta , Roy Kaushik , Saha Suniti Kumar , Pathak Debajyoti , Ghosh Partha , Nadkarni Abhishek
Published: May 2019

Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) is a rare occurrence and carries a poor prognosis. A 13-year old female patient acutely presented with pain in the thoracic region, bilateral lower limb weakness, bladder and bowel dysfunction. Clinically paraplegia with truncal weakness, lower limb deep tendon reflexes of both side were absent and planter reflexes equivocal bilaterally. Preoperative MRI of thoracic spine revealed D4-D6 extradural SOL. A D4-D5 Laminectomy and left Cortico transversectomy done. Pathological findings were consistent with PNET. The clinical, histopathological, and radiological findings of the patient are presented.
Two-year prospective study on various anti-epileptic drugs in drug-resistant epilepsy patients and parameters affecting seizure-freedom in Eastern Indian subcontinent
Authors: Mukherjee Joydeep , Guha Gautam , Saha Shankar Prasad
Published: May 2019

Background: Epilepsy is a disease of suffering. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) takes a heavy toll on patients, family and society in the form of prolonged treatment, expenditure, unemployment and disability. Successful treatment depends on appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED) use in appropriate dosage, which varies in different parts of the world.
Aims and Objectives: To find out AED efficacy in Indian subcontinent and factors affecting seizure freedom.
Materials and Methods: We explored many characteristics of DRE patients, compared in between seizure-free and seizure-persisting patients to find out the variables more affecting seizure-freedom. We measured minimum effective dose and maximum tolerable dose of different AED in child and adult subgroups in patients of the Indian subcontinent.
Results: Lamotrigine was most efficacious in various seizure-types and phenytoin was the least one as first add-on AED. Clobazam was efficacious and good-compliance second add-on AED. AED compliance was significantly reduced as the number of AED was increased above two. AED monotherapy was most effective and the effectiveness decreased as subsequent AED was added as per need.
Conclusion: Our study enlightened about various aspects of drug-resistant epilepsy patients in Indian sub-continent and their treatment.
Surgical outcome of intradural extramedullary meningiomas without dural resection – A study on 75 cases
Authors: Roy Kaushik , Ghosh Partha , Saha Suniti Kumar , Tripathy Parimal
Published: May 2019

Background: Spinal tumor is a common cause of morbidity in otherwise healthy population, timely diagnosis and treatment of spinal tumor gives excellent outcome.
Aims and Objective: We report experience and clinical outcomes of 75 cases with Intradural extramedullary meningiomas operated in last 21 years.
Materials and Methods: All the patients were clinically assessed with Nurick’s Grading (both pre and post operatively). MRI was the main armamentarium for operating planning. In all the patients dural attachments were coagulated without any dural excision.
Results: Out of 75 patients, 65% were female. Peak incidence was noted in 4th & 5th decade and majority of patients having tumor in the thoracic spine and lateral to the cord. The entire patient showed remarkable clinical improvement according to Nurick’s grade. Total removal was achieved in 69 (90.2%) patients. Two patients had re-growth of tumor in 1 yr. follow up. No postoperative mortality noted in the present series.
Conclusion: Spinal meningioma excision without dural resection did not show any increase in recurrences.
Designing the Yellow Head Virus Syndrome Recognition Application for Shrimp on an Embedded System
Authors: Bao Truong Quoc , Cuong Tran Chi , Tu Nguyen Dinh , Dang Le Hoang , Hieu Luu Trong
Published: May 2019

One of the most serious problems confronted by the shrimp farming industry is the disease caused by the yellow head virus (YHV). This research proposes an image processing algorithm to detect, identify and eliminate shrimp with the yellow head virus from the Litopenaeus vannamei gathering lines. Using a Raspberry Pi 3 module with the support of the OpenCV library which may be associated with Niblack’s algorithm is primarily suitable for segmentation. First, the shrimp object was identified and separated from the background using the image segmentation technique and the boundary that surrounds the object. Then, identification of diseased shrimp was analysed based on colour threshold. In this study, the sample of shrimp disease group had the highest amount of ratio, with about 6% to 11%. Most of the samples without the disease had a ratio of 0%. The experimental results show that the system can identify and accurately determine the coordinates of shrimp with yellow head virus disease and send information to the shrimp classification system in the food industry.
Actualización en patología trofoblástica gestacional: mola hidatiforme y neoplasias
Authors: Espinoza Artavia Andrea , Fernández Vaglio Roxana , Solar del Valle Thania
Published: May 2019

La enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional está compuesta por una gama de patologías poco comunes asociadas al embarazo, que van desde benignas hasta malignas. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico oportuno mediante el uso de ultrasonido; apoyándose con estudios de laboratorio y gabinete, estudios histológicos y moleculares. En términos generales, el tratamiento de la enfermedad molar premaligna va a consistir en la evacuación uterina. El uso de quimioterapeúticos y de intervenciones quirúrgicas, en conjunto con el uso de radioterapia, podría llegar a tener un papel importante en el tratamiento tanto de estas como de las enfermedades trofoblásticas neoplásicas. La hormona gonadotropina coriónica humana es un biomarcador crucial para medir la progresión, respuesta a tratamiento y seguimiento de estas enfermedades. Gracias a la implementación de mejoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, la presentación clínica y morbilidad de las enfermedades ha cambiado conforme pasan los años.
Sarcopenia: abordaje integral del adulto mayor
Authors: Rojas Bermúdez Christopher , Buckcanan Vargas Aldair , Benavides Jiménez Gabriela
Published: May 2019

Sarcopenia es una enfermedad musculo esquelética asociada a la edad con pérdida de la masa y función muscular. Es una patología de gran prevalencia en la población adulta mayor. Su etiología es multifactorial donde influye la nutrición, estilo de vida y factores hormonales. Se recomienda tamizar a todo adulto por encima de los 65 años con el cuestionario SARC-F.

Su diagnóstico es probable si se demuestra una pérdida de fuerza muscular, ya sea mediante la prueba de fuerza agarre mano o la prueba de levantarse de una silla sin apoyo de las manos. Se confirma el diagnóstico si a esto se le añade una prueba que demuestre baja masa muscular (para lo cual DXA es el más recomendado) o en la calidad muscular. Es un caso severo al presentarse una prueba de la marcha menor a 0.8 m/s. Actualmente no existe ningún fármaco aprobado para su uso, por lo que el manejo se basa en entrenamiento de resistencia y aumento de ingesta proteica.
Otitis media aguda: generalidades y resistencia antibiótica
Authors: Mackenzie Visbal Fidel , Cortes Mejia Melvin , Quesada Lozano Stephannie
Published: May 2019

La otitis media (OM) es uno de los diagnósticos más comunes en pediatría y constituye la indicación más frecuente de prescripción de antibióticos en la infancia. Para el diagnóstico de la otitis media aguda (OMA) se tienen en cuenta hallazgos de la otoscopia, diversos signos clínicos y el tiempo de evolución de los síntomas principales. La decisión de iniciar antibioticoterapia debe fundamentarse en la estratificación de riesgo del paciente. La espera vigilante como alternativa a la antibioticoterapia inmediata en casos seleccionados reduce el uso de antibióticos sin aumentar el riesgo de daño al paciente y ha demostrado ser una medida costo-efectiva. El fármaco de elección para el tratamiento empírico de la OMA es la amoxicilina. Otras alternativas frecuentemente utilizadas son las cefalosporinas, macrólidos o combinaciones con inhibidores de β-lactamasas. El Streptococcus pneumoniae resistente a la penicilina se considera la causa principal de fracaso terapéutico de los antibióticos en la OMA. Con la introducción de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente se han observado cambios en la frecuencia de determinados serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae y un aumento en el aislamiento de Haemophilus influenzae en las muestras de fluido del oído medio de paciente con OMA. Estudios recientes han evidenciado el aumento en la prevalencia de agentes productores de β-lactamasas en pacientes con OMA.
Efectos cardiovasculares en usuarios de cocaína
Authors: Cortés Bejarano Federico , Guislain Ribas Paul Francois , Quesada Campos Jazmín Victoria
Published: May 2019

La cocaína es una sustancia psicoactiva ampliamente utilizada de forma recreativa. El uso indiscriminado de esta sustancia genera múltiples consultas a los servicios de emergencias, principalmente debido a sus efectos cardiovasculares. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos actúan principalmente en el sistema nervioso simpático, cardiomiocito, plaquetas, canales de sodio y potasio, entre otros. La cocaína sigue siendo altamente prevalente y accesible en la población general y dada su toxicidad cardiovascular, existe un imperativo de salud pública para educar a la población con el fin de reducir su uso y morbimortalidad asociada.
ÇOCUK HAKLARINA YÖNELİK METİN DEĞERLENDİRME ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KAYGUSUZ Mehmet
Published: May 2019

Çocuk,
insan haklarından faydalanma hakkı olan ancak bu durum yeterli görülmeyen,
yetişkinden farklı ve özel ihtiyaçları olan birey, toplumun geleceğini inşa
eden yapı taşı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla modern dünyada
milletler, çocuğa özel haklar tanımak ve bunları korumak için birtakım
uluslararası girişimlerde bulunmakta, sözleşmeler imzalamaktadır.

Çocuk
eğitiminde son derece önemli bir yeri olan kitap, eğitim materyali gibi
içeriğinde metin/ler bulunan yapıların çocuk haklarına yönelik hassasiyet
taşıması ve buna uygun biçimde hazırlanması önem arz etmektedir. Metinlerin
çocuk hakları açısından değerlendirmesine imkan sağlayacak bir ölçeğin
bulunması da bir o kadar önemli görülmelidir. Bu tür değerlendirmeler arttıkça
yayımlanan kitaplar, hazırlanan veya eğitim materyalleri için seçilen metinler
çocuk haklarına yönelik olma hatta çocuk haklarının öğretilmesi bakımından daha
zengin içeriklere sahip olacaklardır.

Bu çalışma, Çocuk Haklarına Yönelik Metin Değerlendirme
Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın yüzey
geçerliği, kapsam geçerliği ve yapı geçerliği (pilot ve ana uygulama) için
seçilmiş 4 farklı örneklemi bulunmaktadır. Yüzey geçerliği için uzmanlardan
oluşan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen araştırmacının da dâhil olduğu 3
kişilik bir örneklem grubu oluşturulmuştur. Kapsam geçerliği için kartopu
yöntemiyle belirlenmiş 12 uzmanla çalışılmıştır. Yapı geçerliği çalışmasında,
120 kişiden oluşan pilot ve 510 kişiden oluşan ana uygulamalarda örneklem
seçimi için tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Araştırma karma
araştırma yöntemlerinden keşfedici desene göre yapılmıştır. Nitel veriler doküman
incelemesi yolu ile toplanıp içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Nicel veriler ise tarama yöntemi ile toplanıp bir istatistik programı yardımı
ile analiz edilmiştir.

Ölçeğin kuramsal
çerçevesi Birleşmiş Milletler Teşkilatı Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi ve bu
sözleşmeye yapılan ek protokoller temel alınmak kaydıyla çocuk haklarına
yönelik uluslararası alanda gerçekleştirilen girişimler, anlaşmalar,
literatürde konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar vasıtasıyla belirlenmiştir. 28
olumlu, 12 olumsuz toplam 40 maddeden oluşan 5’li Likert tipi ölçekten en düşük
40, en yüksek 200 puan alınabilmektedir. Ölçek, içerik ve yazar olmak üzere iki alt boyuta sahiptir. Ölçeğin alt
boyutlarına ilişkin olarak Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısının yüksek olması
(yazar alt boyutu=0,822; içerik alt boyutu =0,834) alt boyutlarda
yer alan maddelerin birbiri ile tutarlı olduğunu göstermektedir.  Ölçeğin tamamı için Cronbach Alpha değeri
0,90 olarak tespit edilmiştir ki bu da ölçeğin yüksek derecede güvenilir
olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, ölçekte faktör yük değeri 0,45’ten yüksek
maddeler yer almaktadır. Güvenirlik ve geçerlik sonuçlarına bakıldığında
geliştirilen ölçeğin metinlerin çocuk haklarına yönelik olma durumunun
değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabileceği görülmektedir.
İNANÇ TURİZMİ VE BÖLGESEL KALKINMAYA ETKİSİ AĞRI İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KÖKSAL Yelda , KARABULUT Kerem
Published: May 2019

Günümüzde
turizm, kişilerin psikolojik, sosyal ve fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayarak
önemi sürekli artan ve önemli boyutlara ulaşan etkili ve güçlü bir faaliyet
olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Turizm, hem ulusal ve yerli ekonomilerin gelişmesine
hem de toplumsal refah düzeyinin yükselmesine olumlu katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu
bağlamda turizm, bölgelerarası dengeli kalkınma ve gelişmeye katkı yaparak
önemli bir araç haline gelen sektör durumundadır. Bu nedenle dünyada ve
Türkiye’de turizme verilen önem her geçen gün artarak turizm faaliyetleri
çeşitlilik kazanmakta, yeni turizm türleri ilgi çekmektedir. Gelişen yeni
turizm türlerinden biri olan inanç turizmi, insanların turizme katılmalarını
etkileyen önemli nedenlerden biridir. Bu kapsamda geçmişte bir çok medeniyete
ev sahipliği yapan Ağrı ili çalışma sahası olarak ele alınmıştır. Kutsal
kitaplara konu olan ve tufandan sonra Nuh’un Gemisi’nin konakladığı inanışıyla
inanç turizmi açısından ön plana çıkan Ağrı Dağı ve yörenin önemli şair ve
filozoflarından olan Ahmed-i Hani’nin mezarının bulunduğu Ahmed-i Hani Türbesi,
ilin inanç turizminin merkezi haline gelmesini sağlayan iki önemli değerdir. Bu
amaçla yapılan çalışmada inanç ziyaretlerinin bölgenin kalkınmasına ekonomik
anlamda ne gibi etkileri olduğunu tespit etmeye yönelik otel yetkililerinin
görüşleri alınarak durum değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
TÜRK POPÜLER MÜZİK TARİHİNDE BARIŞ MANÇO’NUN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ (1960-1980)
Authors: ERDOĞAN Göktürk
Published: May 2019

Dünyada XX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren iletişim ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte popüler müzikler ön plana çıkmıştır. Türk pop müziği adına yapılan çalışmalar ise aranjman müzik ile başlamış ve bu süreçte geleneksel motifleri kendi müziğine aktarmış olan Barış Manço, bugün adına Anadolu pop/rock denilen türün gelişmesinde büyük pay sahibi olmuştur. Aranjman  müzik olarak ilk Türkçe pop denemelerinin yapıldığı 1960’ların başında, Elvis Presley, The Beatles gibi dünyaca ünlü şarkıcı ve grupların yaptığı şarkılar, Türkiye’de yaşayan çeşitli grupların sahnesinde çalınmaya ve söylenmeye başlanmıştır. 1960’lı yıllarda aranjman müzik olarak adlandırılan müzikler, 1970’li yıllarla birlikte daha özgün ve geleneksel bir çizgiye dönüşerek “Anadolu pop” akımının doğmasına kapı aralamıştır. Bu çalışmada 1960 ve 1980 yılları arasında Türk popüler müziğinin gelişim süreçleri çeşitli olgularla birlikte incelenerek Barış Manço’nun popüler müzik içerisindeki yeri ve önemi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.