bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral consumption of Bonito fish‐derived elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) improves biophysical properties in aging skin: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Seong Seol Hwa , Lee Young In , Lee Joohee , Suk Jangmi , Kim In Ah , Baeg Chaemin , Kim Jinhak , Lee Ju Hee
Published: March 2024

Background

Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the elastin peptide improves the skin's biophysical properties, enhancing the proliferation of fibroblasts and elastin synthesis, resulting in anti‐aging properties. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study to clinically evaluate the effect of elastin peptide intake on human skin.

Materials and Methods

Healthy adult participants (N = 100) were randomly assigned to receive a test product containing 100 mg of Bonito elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) or placebo. In this study, all participants were Asian from Korea. The parameters of skin wrinkles, hydration, and brightening (melanin index) were measured at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention.

Results

The average skin roughness, maximum peak‐to‐valley values, maximum peak height of the wrinkle, maximum valley depth of the wrinkle, average maximum height of the wrinkle, and eye wrinkle volume improved considerably in the test group compared with the placebo after 12 weeks of intervention. Skin hydration was enhanced, and the melanin index was significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group. No participant experienced adverse events related to the test product.

Conclusion

Oral consumption of Bonito elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) reduced fine wrinkles, enhanced skin moisture, and decreased melanin index without significant adverse effects and may be a promising anti‐wrinkle, anti‐dryness, and anti‐pigmentation treatment.
Efforts to Identify the Most Suitable RANS Turbulence Model for Accurate Conjugate Heat Transfer Prediction in Regenerative Cooled Nozzles
Authors: Khaled Bensayah , Khadidja Kamri
Published: March 2024

This study presents a two-part numerical study aimed at improving the prediction and understanding of regenerative cooling in supersonic nozzles. The first objective was to identify the most appropriate Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model for accurately predicting conjugate heat transfer. Three turbulence models, Shear Stress Transport, Reynolds stress model (RSM)-ω, and RSM-ω with shear flow corrections (SFC), were tested through comparative analysis and simulations to evaluate their accuracy in predicting the heat flux rate and temperature on the nozzle wall. The results indicate that the RSM-ω turbulence model with shear flow corrections provides the best thermal prediction, achieving an improvement of 28% compared to the next-best model. The second part assesses the impact of key parameters on cooling efficiency. High coolant pressure proves advantageous for extremely hot-gas flow due to increased saturation temperature. Interestingly, the height of the cooling slot has less significance, suggesting other factors should be prioritized in film-cooling system design. The study also investigates the effectiveness of hydrogen coolant in reducing wall gas temperatures and preventing excessive heat that could melt the nozzle material. Transient results show that the gas-side wall temperature increases more rapidly than the coolant side during start-up and cooling the walls takes longer than reaching a steady-state for the hot-gas flow. The simulation results align well with experimental data, validating the accuracy and reliability of the numerical approach.
Research on Friction and Wear Behaviors of Different Solid Lubricant Coatings on Aluminum-Based Piston Skirts
Authors: Wang Jingsi , Teng Dezhi , Zhang Yuan , Sa Xiaoxia , Li Chengdi , Cui Qihang , Fan Jiawei
Published: March 2024

Stringent requirements in emissions drive the application of low-carbon fuel engines, which result in prominent friction and lubrication problems in the cylinder. Solid coating technology is an effective way to enhance the tribological performance of tribo-pairs and has great potential to solve friction and lubricant problems. In this work, graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) solid lubricant coatings were prepared on aluminum-based piston skirts, respectively. The friction and wear behaviors of three coatings were investigated using a self-designed piston skirt friction and wear apparatus. The chemical products generated on the worn surfaces were analyzed, and the combined effect of lubricating oil and solid lubricant coatings was confirmed. The results show that the solid coatings can effectively enhance the friction and wear characteristics of piston skirt-cylinder liner tribosystem, and WS2 coating has the best anti-friction and wear-resistant performance among the three coatings.
Governing society with flexible AI
Guardrails: Guiding Human Decisions in the Age of AI
Urs Gasser and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger
Princeton University Press, 2024. 240 pp.
Authors: Bryson Joanna
Published: March 2024

Policy that prioritizes human agency is possible, even in an age of artificial intelligence
In search of sentience
The Sentient Cell: The Cellular Foundations of Consciousness
Arthur S. Reber, František Baluška, William B. Miller Jr.
Oxford University Press, 2024. 288 pp.
Authors: Ball Philip
Published: March 2024

A provocative proposition paves the way for a long-overdue conversation about consciousness
An oral antiviral for Ebola disease
Authors: Sprecher Armand , Van Herp Michel
Published: March 2024

For those exposed to filovirus, such as Sudan virus and Ebola virus, a new study offers hope
‘I’m not Tony’: Anthony Fauci’s heir vows new direction at NIAID
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: March 2024

Jeanne Marrazzo, an HIV prevention researcher, sees need for more “holistic” approach to community health problems
L-FNNG: Accelerating Large-Scale KNN Graph Construction on CPU-FPGA Heterogeneous Platform
Authors: Liu Chaoqiang , Liao Xiaofei , Zheng Long , Huang Yu , Liu Haifeng , Zhang Yi , He Haiheng , Huang Haoyan , Zhou Jingyi , Jin Hai
Published: March 2024

Due to the high complexity of constructing exact
k
-nearest neighbor graphs, approximate construction has become a popular research topic. The NN-Descent algorithm is one of the representative in-memory algorithms. To effectively handle large datasets, existing state-of-the-art solutions combine the divide-and-conquer approach and the NN-Descent algorithm, where large datasets are divided into multiple partitions, and a subgraph is constructed for each partition before all the subgraphs are merged, reducing the memory pressure significantly. However, such solutions fail to address inefficiencies in large-scale
k
-nearest neighbor graph construction. In this paper, we propose L-FNNG, a novel solution for accelerating large-scale
k
-nearest neighbor graph construction on CPU-FPGA heterogeneous platform. The CPU is responsible for dividing data and determining the order of partition processing, while the FPGA executes all construction tasks to utilize the acceleration capability fully. To accelerate the execution of construction tasks, we design an efficient FPGA accelerator, which includes the
Block-based Scheduling
(BS) and
Useless Computation Aborting
(UCA) techniques to address the problems of memory access and computation in the NN-Descent algorithm. We also propose an efficient scheduling strategy that includes a KD-tree-based data partitioning method and a hierarchical processing method to address scheduling inefficiency. We evaluate L-FNNG on a Xilinx Alveo U280 board hosted by a 64-core Xeon server. On multiple large-scale datasets, L-FNNG achieves, on average, 2.3× construction speedup over the state-of-the-art GPU-based solution.
Dynamic Modeling of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles with Online Disturbance Compensation Scheme
Authors: Azid Sheikh Izzal , Mehta Utkal , Kuar Adarsh , Ali Zahid
Published: March 2024

With the advancement in robotics technology over the recent years, underwater robots’ design and development are gaining interest. Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have many applications in aquaculture, deep-sea exploration, research, and enhanced rescue tasks. However, various factors must be considered when developing any underwater vehicle system to explore the deep ends of the underwater world. In this paper, we develop the most suitable model for understanding various system parameters. The new mathematical model considers certain constraints and external disturbances exerted on the system. Also, a control strategy is suggested for the UUV’s stability and robustness. The suggested observer and model are simple, allowing for accurate estimations of all system states and the global impacts of unknown limped perturbations with a minimal computational cost.
Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Serum Uric Acid: A US NHANES 2011–2020
Authors: Li Huan , Sun Mingliang , Huang Chengcheng , Wang Jingwu , Huang Yanqin
Published: March 2024

Background. Serum uric acid (SUA) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were closely related to the body’s metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HbA1c and SUA in adults. Methods. This study selected 7293 participants aged ≥20 from 2011 to 2020 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The multivariate linear regression model was used to test the association between HbA1c and SUA. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age, gender, race, and body mass index (BMI). This study solved the relationship between HbA1c and SUA by fitting a smooth curve. Finally, the inflection point in the nonlinear relationship was calculated by the recursive algorithm, and the relationship between HbA1c and SUA on both sides of the inflection point was analyzed by the two-segment piecewise linear regression model. Results. All 7293 participants found a negative correlation between HbA1c and SUA by completely adjusting the model (β = −7.93 and 95% CI: −9.49–−6.37). In addition, when this study was stratified by gender, age, race, and BMI status, this negative correlation was still statistically significant. In the subgroup analysis, we found that the relationship between the two had different results due to gender differences. In men, HbA1c had a significant negative correlation with SUA. However, in women, the HbA1c value was positively correlated with SUA before 6.8%, and the HbA1c value was negatively correlated with SUA after 6.8%, which indicates that the relationship between HbA1c and SUA in women has changed in prediabetes and diabetes. Conclusion. This study shows that HbA1c is positively correlated with SUA in American adults before 7%. There is a negative correlation after the HbA1c value of 7%.
Effect of Ripening and Extraction Method on the Physicochemical Properties of Pectin Extracted from Peels of Apem and Apantu Plantain Cultivars in Ghana
Authors: Otu Desmond Asamoah Bruce , Owusu Frederick William Akuffo , Acquah Prince George Jnr , Boakye-Gyasi Mariam El , Edzor-Agbo Yayra , Johnson Raphael , Bayor Marcel Tunkumgnen , Archer Mary-Ann
Published: March 2024

Fruit waste has emerged as a significant environmental issue in recent years, adding to the global burden. In Ghana, the extensive use of plantains at various stages of ripeness results in substantial waste during each processing stage, leading to disposal challenges. Interestingly, these wastes often hold considerable economic value and can be repurposed as a source of valuable raw materials or products. Given the broad range of uses for plantains and the significant pollution problems associated with their processing, finding new uses for this organic waste has become a pressing necessity. This study investigated the impact of the method of extraction and ripening stages on the physicochemical characteristics of pectin obtained from two different cultivars of plantains, namely, Apem (M) and Apantu (T), which are indigenous to Ghana. Pectin samples were extracted from different stages of ripening (matured-green (G), half-ripe (H), and full-ripe (R)) by the utilization of acidic (D) and alkaline (L) extraction methods. The analyses conducted on the extracted pectin included proximate composition and moisture content determination, assessment of mineral/elemental composition, and solubility testing. Phytochemical investigations were performed to determine the phytoconstituents present in these pectin extracts. The pectin samples were characterized by determining their equivalent weight, methoxyl and anhydrouronic acid content, and the degree of esterification. The pectin yields obtained from the samples ranged from 10.01% to 46.55%. The moisture levels of all the pectins were below 20%. All pectin samples had swelling indexes between 37.5 ± 0.01% and 185.71 ± 0.02%. The equivalent weight (EW) of the pectin samples ranged from 1351.00 ± 0.6 g/mol to 10000.00 ± 0.07 g/mol. The methoxyl content (MeO) fell within the range of 6.2 ± 0.07% to 14.88 ± 0.14%, while the anhydrouronic acid content (AUA) varied between 38.72 ± 0.28% and 86.59 ± 0.21%. The degree of esterification (DE) ranged from 81.22 ± 0.21% to 97.56 ± 0.14%. Furthermore, the result of the micronutrient and mineral analysis indicated compliance with nutritional requirements. The levels of heavy metals were also within acceptable thresholds, thereby adhering to existing regulatory requirements. These findings highlight the significance of both the extraction technique and the ripening stage on the physicochemical properties of the extracted pectins. Generally, the extracted pectins possess excellent nutritional quality and physicochemical properties, rendering them a very valuable resource that holds promising potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
Lactobacillus plantarum in the Gut of a Marine Fish from a Caloocan Local Market
Authors: Capili Nieves L. , Mallari Jose
Published: March 2024

The search for potential probiotic bacteria of value to medicine, food industry, agriculture, and aquaculture has been extended in this study where bacterial isolates from the intestines of talakitok (Alectis sp.), a Philippine marine fish cultured and grown using de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, were used to isolate Gram-positive rods that are catalyse negative. Its identity of 93-95% with Lactobacillus plantarum strains was confirmed by NCBI BLAST of the 16S rRNA forward and reverse sequences.
First-Line Anlotinib Treatment for Soft-Tissue Sarcoma in Chemotherapy-Ineligible Patients: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Tao , Dong Ying , Wei Yongzhong , Wang Shoufeng , Liu Yunxia , Chen Jia , Xiong Wenhua , Lin Nong , Huang Xin , Liu Meng , Yan Xiaobo , Ye Zhaoming , Li Binghao
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Standard treatment for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (LA/M STS) is chemotherapy based on anthracyclines, but patient tolerance of chemotherapy is limited. The present trial (NCT03792542) investigated the use of anlotinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced STS, in particular liposarcoma.

Patients and Methods:

Eligible patients were previously untreated, pathologically confirmed, unresectable LA/M STS cases. Anlotinib was given orally at a dose of 12 mg once daily from days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks until disease progression or intolerable adverse events (AE) occurred. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate, and disease control rate (DCR). The safety profile was also evaluated.

Results:

Forty patients were enrolled from April 2019 to June 2022 and are included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The median PFS was 6.83 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.17–8.71] and the median OS 27.40 months (95% CI, 16.43–not evaluable); 1 patient reached partial response and 26 attained stable disease, with a DCR of 67.5% (27/40). Median PFS and OS times for liposarcoma patients were 8.71 and 16.23 months, respectively. Ten (25.0%) patients had treatment-related AEs ≥ grade 3, with in particular a higher incidence of hypertension (15.0%) and proteinuria (7.5%).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest a potential benefit in using front-line anlotinib to treat patients with STS, who are not eligible for cytotoxic chemotherapy. Of note, the clinical outcomes for the liposarcoma subgroup of patients were encouraging.

See related commentary by Napolitano et al., p. 4257
Supplemental Table 4 from Impact of Tumor-intrinsic Molecular Features on Survival and Acquired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in ALK-positive NSCLC
Authors: Nakazawa Mari , Harada Guilherme , Ghanem Paola , Bubie Adrian , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Murray Joseph C. , Marrone Kristen A. , Scott Susan C. , Houseknecht Stefanie , Falcon Christina J. , Evans Patrick , Feliciano Josephine , Hann Christine L. , Ettinger David S. , Smith Kellie N. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Forde Patrick M. , Brahmer Julie R. , Levy Benjamin , Drilon Alexander , Lam Vincent K.
Published: March 2024

Association of specific co-alterations with presence of ALK resistance mutations and variant type in EML-4-ALK samples (n=1118). Co-alterations of interest were (A) TP53 mutation, (B) PIK3CA mutation, (C) Wnt/B-catenin/PIK3CA pathway mutations [APC, CTNNB1, PIK3CA], (D) MET or MYC amplifications, and (E) cell cycle loss of function alterations [CDK4/6 or CDK2NA/B loss or loss of function mutations]. P-value is derived from Fisher's test. Significance at the level of p < 0.05 is indicated by the asterisk (*). Abbreviations: WT, wild-type.
Supplemental Table 2 from Impact of Tumor-intrinsic Molecular Features on Survival and Acquired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in ALK-positive NSCLC
Authors: Nakazawa Mari , Harada Guilherme , Ghanem Paola , Bubie Adrian , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Murray Joseph C. , Marrone Kristen A. , Scott Susan C. , Houseknecht Stefanie , Falcon Christina J. , Evans Patrick , Feliciano Josephine , Hann Christine L. , Ettinger David S. , Smith Kellie N. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Forde Patrick M. , Brahmer Julie R. , Levy Benjamin , Drilon Alexander , Lam Vincent K.
Published: March 2024

Correlation of variant status (v3 vs non-v3) with somatic co-mutation in liquid biopsy cohort
Data from Impact of Tumor-intrinsic Molecular Features on Survival and Acquired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in ALK-positive NSCLC
Authors: Nakazawa Mari , Harada Guilherme , Ghanem Paola , Bubie Adrian , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Murray Joseph C. , Marrone Kristen A. , Scott Susan C. , Houseknecht Stefanie , Falcon Christina J. , Evans Patrick , Feliciano Josephine , Hann Christine L. , Ettinger David S. , Smith Kellie N. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Forde Patrick M. , Brahmer Julie R. , Levy Benjamin , Drilon Alexander , Lam Vincent K.
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown remarkable efficacy in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clinical outcomes vary and acquired resistance remains a significant challenge. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who had clinico-genomic data independently collected from two academic institutions (n = 309). This was paired with a large-scale genomic cohort of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who underwent liquid biopsies (n = 1,118). Somatic co-mutations in TP53 and loss-of-function alterations in CDKN2A/B were most commonly identified (24.1% and 22.5%, respectively in the clinical cohort), each of which was independently associated with inferior overall survival (HR: 2.58; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.62–4.09 and HR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.17–3.17, respectively). Tumors harboring EML4-ALK variant 3 (v3) were not associated with specific co-alterations but were more likely to develop ALK resistance mutations, particularly G1202R and I1171N (OR: 4.11; P < 0.001 and OR: 2.94; P = 0.026, respectively), and had inferior progression-free survival on first-line TKI (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.03–2.25). Non-v3 tumors were associated with L1196M resistance mutation (OR: 4.63; P < 0.001). EML4-ALK v3 and somatic co-alterations in TP53 and CDKN2A/B are associated with inferior clinical outcomes. v3 status is also associated with specific patterns of clinically important ALK resistance mutations. These tumor-intrinsic features may inform rational selection and optimization of first-line and consolidative therapy.
Significance:
In a large-scale, contemporary cohort of patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, we evaluated molecular characteristics and their impact on acquired resistance mutations and clinical outcomes. Our findings that certain ALK variants and co-mutations are associated with differential survival and specific TKI-relevant resistance patterns highlight potential molecular underpinnings of the heterogenous response to ALK TKIs and nominate biomarkers that may inform patient selection for first-line and consolidative therapies.
Metodologi Penelitian Sosial Dasar
Authors: Tawakkal George Towar Ikbal , Subekti Tia
Published: March 2024

Buku Metodologi Penelitian Sosial Dasar ini adalah buku ajar untuk mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah metodologi penelitian sosial dasar. Buku ini tersaji dalam 6 bab yang dimulai dengan pengertian penelitian sosial hingga bagaimana menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Buku ini disajikan dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami bagi para mahasiswa yang baru akan memulai riset pertama mereka atau para peneliti pemula. Buku ini juga menjawab permasalahan mahasiswa yang sering kali kesulitan mencari ide penelitian dan menyusun pertanyaan penelitian yang tepat. Buku ini dilengkapi dengan ringkasan materi dan juga pertanyaan evaluasi di setiap babnya sehingga memudahkan oleh para pengampu untuk melakukan evaluasi pada setiap bab yang disajikan.
Teknologi Pakan Pelet untuk Kelinci
Authors: Tistiana Heli , Hartutik H , Widodo Eko , Djunaidi Irfan H
Published: March 2024

Teknologi pakan untuk kelinci terus berkembang dari model tradisional dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam sekitar yang kemudian berubah dengan menggunakan pakan bentuk pelet yang lebih efisien. Pelet sendiri memang lebih dikenal luas di peternakan unggas, sedangkan di kelinci masih terbatas penggunaannya dan informasi tentang pakan pelet juga tidak terlalu lengkap. Namun, informasi tentang pelet kelinci menyangkut kandungannya, kebutuhan, proses pembuatan hingga pemberian ke kelinci dan kelebihan yang diberikan dari pelet ini sangat dibutuhkan peternak dan pembaca luas. Buku ini membahas tentang bahan pakan yang digunakan untuk kelinci di Indonesia khususnya dan model pemberian pakan yang dilakukan peternak. Kebutuhan pakan dan nutrisi untuk kelinci juga dibahas sebagai pengantar untuk pembuatan pakan lengkap dalam bentuk pelet yang lebih efisien dan ekonomis. Teknologi pembuatan pelet kelinci dengan menggabungkan antara standar baik dari sisi kandungan nutrisi, kualitas fisik pelet, serta dari sisi standar warna, tekstur, maupun aroma pelet juga dipaparkan dalam buku ini. Pada penggunaan pakan kelinci bentuk pelet ini juga ada beberapa strategi yang bisa dilakukan oleh peternak, tentunya dengan mempertimbangakn dampak-dampak yang terjadi apabila menggunakan pakan pelet pada kelinci; dampak baik dari sisi penampilan produksi, kesehatan, hingga ke efisiensi pakan dan faktor ekonomis. Hal-hal tersebut dipaparkan secara runtut dalam buku ini.
Vanilin Teknologi Produksi Vanilin: Alami, Sintetik, Bio-vanilin
Authors: Nirwana Wa Ode Cakra , Sarosa Aji Hendra , Hapsari Safrina
Published: March 2024

Buku ini berisi tentang sejarah dan informasi umum terkait tanaman vanila, metode produksi vanilin dengan cara alami, sintetik, dan biokonversi. Secara khusus, harapannya, melalui buku ini dapat menjadi sumber ide bagi pembaca untuk mengembangkan teknologi tepat guna untuk mendukung terciptanya industri bio-vanilin di Indonesia. Dengan potensi limbah agroindustri yang melimpah dan permintaan vanilin alami yang terus meningkat, Indonesia memiliki peluang besar untuk mengambil bagian sebagai penyuplai bio-vanilin di pasar global.
Mendampingi Perjalanan Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran
Authors: Mulyastuti Yuanita , Astuti Tri Wahju , Meisani Diah Royani , Bekti Rachmad Sarwo , Sulistomo Hikmawan Wahyu , Ulya Zuhrotun , Purwaningtyas Nuretha Hevy , Putri Frilya Rahma , Yudhantara Dearisa Surya , Putri Ayunda Dewi Jayanti Jilan
Published: March 2024

Buku ini disusun bersama oleh para penulis yang telah berpengalaman menjadi dosen penasihat akademik maupun konselor yang telah mendampingi pendidikan mahasiswa calon dokter dari semester awal hingga akhir perjalanan mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Kedokteran. Semoga para pembaca dapat memperoleh gambaran tentang lika liku menjadi dosen penasihat akademik serta endapatkan pencerahan tidak hanya tentang bekal, hak dan kewajiban seorang dosen penasihat akademik, namun juga bagaimana mendeteksi secara dini permasalahan mahasiswa serta kapan harus merujuknya ke unit bimbingan dan konseling. Tak kalah penting, pada buku ini juga dibahas bagaimana dosen penasihat akademik harus menjaga kesehatan mentalnya sebelum membantu orang lain.
Asuhan Keperawatan Bayi Risiko Tinggi
Authors: Amaliya Sholihatul , Kartika Annisa Wuri , Merdikawati Ayut , Azizah Nurona
Published: March 2024

Bayi merupakan anugerah yang sangat berharga dalam kehidupan kita. Merawat bayi, terutama jika mereka memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan, adalah tugas yang membutuhkan pengetahuan, kepedulian, dan keterampilan khusus. Buku ini kami susun untuk membantu para perawat, mahasiswa keperawatan dalam memberikan asuhan terbaik kepada bayi-bayi ini. Buku ini terdiri dari berbagai bab yang mencakup berbagai sistem yang sering mengalami gangguan pada bayi risiko tinggi. Kami membahas secara rinci tentang konsep masalah kesehatan tersebut, contoh kasus dan penerapan asuhan keperawatan, prosedur keperawatan pada bayi risiko tinggi dan contoh soal Ujian Kompetensi Ners Indonesia (UKNI) serta pembahasannya yang sangat bermanfaat sebagai persiapan calon perawat menghadapi ujian kompetensi.
The Power of Digital Resilience: Transformasi Berpikir Kritis dan Penguatan Kesehatan Mental Emosional di Era Disrupsi
Authors: Lestari Retno , Windarwati Heni Dwi , Hidayah Ridhoyanti
Published: March 2024

Buku ini berisi tentang kajian The Power of Digital Resilience: Transformasi Berpikir Kritis dan Penguatan Kesehatan Mental Emosional di Era Disrupsi. Buku ini ditulis oleh tim yang terdiri dari Dr. Ns. Retno Lestari, S.Kep., M.Nurs, Dr. Ns. Heni Dwi Windarwati, S.Kep., M.Kep., SpKep J, dan Ns. Ridhoyanti Hidayah, S.Kep., M.Kep. Penulis telah lama berkecimpung di bidang kesehatan jiwa dan terapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Komunitas global saat ini berada di tengah era disrupsi yang sangat signifikan dimana hal ini disebabkan oleh kemajuan pesat dalam teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi. Era disrupsi ini ditandai dengan runtuhnya sekat-sekat tradisional seperti jarak, ruang, dan waktu. Dampak era ini tidak dapat disangkal dan telah mengakibatkan perubahan mendasar dalam perilaku dan kebutuhan informasi masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Meluasnya penggunaan teknologi telah membuat layanan virtual dan online menjadi hal yang normal dan sangat mudah diakses oleh banyak orang. Namun, hal ini juga dibarengi oleh peningkatan resiko terjadinya masalah kesehatan jiwa dan perilaku seperti cyberbullying, cybercrime, kekerasan seksual, burnout, dan masalah kesehatan mental emosional lainnya yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan teknologi dan interaksi yang tidak sehat di dunia maya. Resiliensi digital adalah proses adaptasi yang positif dalam menghadapi kesulitan, trauma, tragedi, maupun ancaman dari sumber-sumber signifikan yang dapat menyebabkan individu mengalami stres akibat dari penggunaan teknologi dan internet. Resiliensi digital dapat dibentuk melalui transformasi berpikir kritis sehingga terbentuk penguatan kesehatan mental emosional, kesejahteraan psikososial dan perilaku yang lebih baik. Buku ini juga berisi tentang perkembangan teknologi dan literasi digital, transformasi berpikir kritis di era disrupsi, kesehatan mental emosional di era disrupsi, stres dan strategi koping digital, perilaku adaptasi digital, dan resiliensi, sustainabilitas, dan pertumbuhan inklusif melalui transformasi digital.
Is There Imminent Expectation in 1 Thess 4:13–18?
Authors: Gathercole Simon
Published: March 2024

This article will question the conventional view according to which 1 Thess 4:13–18 shows evidence of Paul’s Naherwartung. Although Paul’s expectation of an imminent end is usually assumed to be the default interpretation of 1 Thess 4:15, 17, it actually rests on certain presuppositions about the Greek syntax of these verses in two respects. First, the usual interpretation assumes εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ κυρίου as functioning a certain way, although an alternative is equally possible. Secondly, a family of related alternative interpretations understands “who are left (to the Lord’s parousia)” as modifying “we, the living” in some sort of limiting way. After disentangling the proposed alternatives and evaluating the component interpretations, the article will show that there are in fact several plausible interpretations of 1 Thess 4:15, 17, of which the Naherwartung view is only one.
Jesus’s Puzzling Retort to the Royal Official (John 4:48) in Isodiegetic Perspective
Authors: Berglund Carl Johan
Published: March 2024

When a “royal official” (βασιλικός) urges Jesus to help his dying son, Jesus surprisingly retorts (John 4:48): “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will never believe!” Researchers find this outburst out of place in response to a desperate father, but this article argues that it can be explained by use of an isodiegetic perspective, where the Johannine storyworld is informed by a larger narrative tradition in which the tetrarch Herod Antipas (ca. 4 BCE–39 CE) is a known adversary of Jesus, whose adherents strive to entrap him and get him killed. In view of the official’s expected patronal loyalty to “king” (βασιλεύς) Herod, his healing request can reasonably be presumed to be a trap until his appeal “Sir, come down before my child dies!” (John 4:49) clarifies that the man is not acting as a client, but as a father.
Textual Criticism in the Gaps
Authors: McCollum Joey
Published: March 2024

This article concerns the likelihoods of competing textual reconstructions in the Chester Beatty Papyrus 𝔓⁴⁶ based on the available space in its lacunose lines. To quantify these relative probabilities, the author uses statistical models of line lengths in 𝔓⁴⁶ and a recently described technique for calculating the likelihood of a reconstructed lacunose text. He first demonstrates the power and versatility of this approach with examples in Gal 4:17 and 3:1. He then revisits two more contested textual reconstructions proposed for 𝔓⁴⁶: the absence of τῷ θεῷ in Heb 11:4, suggested by G.D. Kilpatrick in 1941, and the absence of σὺν ἐπισκόποις καὶ διακόνοις in Phil 1:1, suggested by T.C. Skeat in 1995. He shows that Kilpatrick’s proposed shorter reading in 𝔓⁴⁶ is six times more likely than the longer reading in Heb 11:4, while the evidence is not decisive between the readings in Phil 1:1.
The Curious Personality Cult of Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi: At the Crossroads of Religion, Politics, and Communication Strategies and Technologies
Authors: Salih Mohammed A.
Published: March 2024

This paper studies the construction of the personality cult of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the deceased leader of the Islamic State (is) organization that ruled large territories in Iraq and Syria in the mid to late 2010s. Examining a range of is primary sources, I argue that al-Baghdadi sought to develop a distinct personality cult by cultivating auras of holiness and mystique around his personae. While he flaunted putatively exceptional religious leadership credentials, it is al-Baghdadi’s use of communication strategies and technologies for projecting his personality cult that distinguishes his case and this study. Al-Baghdadi sought to strategically mystify himself by rarely appearing in public and largely avoiding visual self-revelation in the media messages he released. Ultimately, given his defiance of regional and international powers and his group’s notoriety, al-Baghdadi’s low visibility and self-enigmatization worked to his advantage by generating much interest about him among supporters and the global media.
Role of particle gradation of clay–sand mixtures on the interfacial adhesion performance of polymer coatings
Authors: Murali Nidhi , Li Jing , Agarwal Anvi , Berthault Patrick , Ghosh Pijush
Published: March 2024

The interface performance between clay–sand mixtures and concrete structures is governed by the mixture's composition and its physical properties. Moisture content and particle-size distribution play important roles in deciding the mixture's arrangement of soil particles, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and behaviour under various mechanical loadings. Application of a polymer interfacial coating can improve the bond performance between soils and concrete mainly via interfacial friction/mechanical interlocking. The present work analyses the development of interfacial strength between clay–sand mixtures and a polymer coating with changes in particle gradation. The multi-scale mechanisms at the interface are investigated, giving primary attention to soil porosity. A 50:50 clay–sand mixture exhibited a greater interfacial adhesive performance compared to other soil mixtures. In addition, the moisture-controlled pores and gradation-controlled pores demonstrated differences in macroscale interfacial strength. Both mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were utilized to detect the pore structure of the mixtures. 129Xe-NMR revealed the pore distribution of the mixtures as ranging from macropores to nanopores, and MIP complemented the pore information by determining the critical pore entry diameter in the macropore regime. Mesopores dominated with increasing fine sand content until a threshold value was reached; thereafter, merging of pores occurred and macropores dominated.
Formation of iron-rich phyllosilicates in the FeO–SiO2–H2O system during hydrothermal synthesis as a function of pH
Authors: Dzene Liva , Doggaz Amira , Dutournié Patrick , Inoué Sayako , Abdelmoula Mustapha , Jourdain Alexandra , Le Meins Jean-Marc , Brendlé Jocelyne , Martin Christelle , Michau Nicolas
Published: March 2024

The formation of iron-rich phyllosilicates can occur at different natural or engineered settings. In this study, the influence of pH in the hydrothermal synthesis of iron-rich phyllosilicates was investigated in the pH range 8.50–12.10 after the ageing of the precursor. The synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy. Three domains of pH were identified, and these correlated with silica availability and its speciation in the solution. The formation of 1:1-type FeIII/FeII phyllosilicate was observed between pH 9.67 and 10.75. Above pH 10.75, two types of phyllosilicate-like mineral phases were observed. In addition to 1:1-type FeIII/FeII phyllosilicate, 2:1-type FeIII/FeII phyllosilicate was observed. Below pH 9.67, mainly amorphous silica and iron oxides were observed. The findings show that pH governed the crystallinity and nature of the obtained phyllosilicate-like phases.
HIV protease resistance mutations in patients receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Libreville, Gabon
Authors: Nzengui-Nzengui Guy Francis , Mourembou Gaël , M’boyis-Kamdem Hervé , Kombila-Koumavor Ayawa Claudine , Ndjoyi-Mbiguino Angélique
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In 2022, the WHO reported that 29.8 million people around the world were living with HIV (PLHIV) and receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), including 25‌ 375 people in Gabon (54% of all those living with HIV in the country). The literature reports a frequency of therapeutic failure with first-line antiretrovirals (ARVs) of between 20% and 82%. Unfortunately, data relating to the failure of second-line ARVs are scarce in Gabon. This study aims to determine the profiles of HIV drug resistance mutations related to protease inhibitors in Gabon.

Methodology

Plasma from 84 PLHIV receiving ARVs was collected from 2019 to 2021, followed by RNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the protease gene. ARV resistance profiles were generated using the Stanford interpretation algorithm version 8.9-1 (https://hivdb.stanford.edu) and statistical analyses were performed using EpiInfo software version 7.2.1.0 (CDC, USA).

Results

Of 84 HIV plasma samples collected from 45 men and 39 women, 342 mutations were detected. Of these, 43.3% (148/342) were associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 30.4% (104/342) with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 26.3% (90/342) with protease inhibitors (PIs). Most NRTI mutations were associated with thymidine analogues (TAMs) (50.7%; 75/148), including T215F/V (14.9%; 22/148), D67DN/E/G/N/T (10.1%; 15/148), M41L (9.5%; 14/148), and K70E/KN/S/R (9.5%; 14/148). Resistance mutations related to non-TAM NRTIs (33.1%; 49/148) were M184V (29.1%; 43/148), and L74I/V (8.1%; 12/148). NNRTI mutations were predominantly K103N/S (32.7%; 34/104), V108I (10.6%; 11/104), A98G (10.6%; 11/104), and P225H (9.6%; 10/104). Minor mutations associated with PIs (60.0%; 54/90) were predominantly K20I (15.6%; 14/90) and L10F/I/V (14.5%; 13/90). The major mutations associated with PIs (40.0%; 36/90) were M41L (12.2%; 11/90), I84V (6.7%; 06/90), and V82A (6.7%; 06/90). The four most prescribed therapeutic regimens were TDF + 3TC + LPV/r (20.3%; 17/84), ABC + DDI + LPV/r (17.9%; 15/84), TDF + FTC + LPV/r (11.9%; 10/84), and ABC + 3TC + LPV/r (11.9%; 10/84).

Conclusion

This study revealed that HIV drug resistance mutations are common in Gabon. The major mutations associated with PIs were M41L, I84V, and V82A. There is a need for access to new NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs for a better therapeutic management of PLHIV in Gabon.
Assisting primary care teams and patients in a culturally diverse periphery: impact on medical students’ future career choices
Authors: Rayan-Gharra Nosaiba , Malatskey Lilach , Ofir-Gutler Marganit , Sakhnini Rizan , Yousef Awni , Khatib Mohammad , Skorecki Karl , Spitzer Sivan
Published: March 2024

Background

Medical students can assist in reducing healthcare disparities and promote health equity by engaging with rural communities and gaining insights into their unique healthcare needs. A two-arm student-delivered program was designed and implemented during COVID-19 in a social-geographic peripheral area to assist clinics with complex chronic and/or socially disadvantaged patients and improve preventive behavior in townships through home visits delivering community kits.

Methods

We conducted a pre-post design study which included weekly structured medical student reports and monthly structured telephone interviews with clinic directors and municipal partners. Students completed pre-post program survey on their knowledge, skills, and capabilities to address chronic patients from diverse cultural backgrounds (n = 73). The Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test for related samples was used to determine differences.

Results

Following the program, the knowledge and awareness levels of students about working in the community (P < 0.001) and their knowledge of common chronic diseases were significantly improved (Mean Difference (MD) = 0.31; p < 0.001). The program significantly increased students’ interest to integrate into community care alongside a hospital (P = 0.012). Thematic analysis of student reports revealed improved insight into the role of primary care. Clinic directors (90%) were highly satisfied and reported that students became an integral part of the clinics’ teams.

Conclusions

Integrating medical students into the community through primary-care clinics and home visits in diverse communities, exposed students to the interwoven effect of clinical and social determinants on health and improve their knowledge of common chronic diseases. Participation in the program encouraged students to consider a career in community care.
Long-term follow-up of 109 children with juvenile idiopathic oligoarthritis after first intra-articular corticosteroid injection
Authors: Zajc Avramovič Mojca , Toplak Nataša , Markelj Gašper , Emeršič Nina , Avčin Tadej
Published: March 2024

Background

To evaluate long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), presenting as oligoarthritis, who received IAC as the first treatment for their disease.

Methods

We conducted retrospective study at the University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, Slovenia, from January 2015 to May 2023 in children with JIA, clinically presenting as oligoarthritis receiving intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IAC) as the initial treatment. Patient and treatment data were collected, and the outcomes were categorized into three groups based on the later need for therapy: no therapy needed, only additional IAC needed and systemic therapy needed. The last group was further divided based on the requirement of bDMARD. Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) survival analyses compared different outcome groups.

Results

We included 109 patients with JIA, presenting as oligoarthritis (63% female), who were first treated with IAC. The mean age at IAC was 8.0 years, with a 4.3-year follow-up. Notably, 38.5% of patients did not require additional therapy post-IAC, whereas 15.5% required only additional IAC. Systemic therapy, mainly methotrexate (MTX), was necessary for 45.9% of patients, initiated in average 7.8 months post-IAC. Biologic therapy was initiated in 22% in average 2.2 years post-IAC. Number of injected joints correlated with the need for biologics. At the last follow-up, 88.9% had inactive disease. ANA positivity (P = 0.049, chi square 3.89) and HLA B27 antigen presence (P = 0.050, chi square 3.85) were associated with the need for systemic therapy. A subgroup of children older than 8 years, ANA and HLA B27 negative required significantly less systemic (25.8%) and biologic therapy (9.6%) compared to other patients (p = 0.050, chi square 3.77).

Conclusion

Almost 40% of children with oligoarticular JIA requiring IAC did not progress to chronic disease. Younger age, ANA positivity, and HLA B27 presence were predictive factors for systemic therapy, while the number of injected joints predicted the future need for biologic therapy.
Effectiveness of extracellular vesicles derived from hiPSCs in repairing hyperoxia-induced injury in a fetal murine lung explant model
Authors: Saneh Hala , Wanczyk Heather , Walker Joanne , Finck Christine
Published: March 2024

Background

Despite advances in neonatal care, the incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) remains high among preterm infants. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown promise in repairing injury in animal BPD models. Evidence suggests they exert their effects via paracrine mechanisms. We aim herein to assess the effectiveness of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from hiPSCs and their alveolar progenies (diPSCs) in attenuating hyperoxic injury in a preterm lung explant model.

Methods

Murine lung lobes were harvested on embryonic day 17.5 and maintained in air–liquid interface. Following exposure to 95% O2 for 24 h, media was supplemented with 5 × 106 particles/mL of EVs isolated from hiPSCs or diPSCs by size-exclusion chromatography. On day 3, explants were assessed using Hematoxylin–Eosin staining with mean linear intercept (MLI) measurements, immunohistochemistry, VEGFa and antioxidant gene expression. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Multiple Comparison Test. EV proteomic profiling was performed, and annotations focused on alveolarization and angiogenesis signaling pathways, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regenerative pathways.

Results

Exposure of fetal lung explants to hyperoxia induced airspace enlargement, increased MLI, upregulation of anti-oxidants Prdx5 and Nfe2l2 with decreased VEGFa expression. Treatment with hiPSC-EVs improved parenchymal histologic changes. No overt changes in vasculature structure were observed on immunohistochemistry in our in vitro model. However, VEGFa and anti-oxidant genes were upregulated with diPSC-EVs, suggesting a pro-angiogenic and cytoprotective potential. EV proteomic analysis provided new insights in regard to potential pathways influencing lung regeneration.

Conclusion

This proof-of-concept in vitro study reveals a potential role for hiPSC- and diPSC-EVs in attenuating lung changes associated with prematurity and oxygen exposure. Our findings pave the way for a novel cell free approach to prevent and/or treat BPD, and ultimately reduce the global burden of the disease.
Learnt representations of proteins can be used for accurate prediction of small molecule binding sites on experimentally determined and predicted protein structures
Authors: Carbery Anna , Buttenschoen Martin , Skyner Rachael , von Delft Frank , Deane Charlotte M.
Published: March 2024

Protein-ligand binding site prediction is a useful tool for understanding the functional behaviour and potential drug-target interactions of a novel protein of interest. However, most binding site prediction methods are tested by providing crystallised ligand-bound (holo) structures as input. This testing regime is insufficient to understand the performance on novel protein targets where experimental structures are not available. An alternative option is to provide computationally predicted protein structures, but this is not commonly tested. However, due to the training data used, computationally-predicted protein structures tend to be extremely accurate, and are often biased toward a holo conformation. In this study we describe and benchmark IF-SitePred, a protein-ligand binding site prediction method which is based on the labelling of ESM-IF1 protein language model embeddings combined with point cloud annotation and clustering. We show that not only is IF-SitePred competitive with state-of-the-art methods when predicting binding sites on experimental structures, but it performs better on proxies for novel proteins where low accuracy has been simulated by molecular dynamics. Finally, IF-SitePred outperforms other methods if ensembles of predicted protein structures are generated.