bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective water well rehabilitation using a combined ultrasonic-mechanical method
Authors: Pavelková Alena , Pluhař Tomáš , Procházka Martin , Šupíková Irena , Kvapil Petr , Nosek Jaroslav
Published: April 2024

Background
The restoration of original boreholes is preferable to building new ones as the process is more cost-effective. However, traditional chemical or mechanical regeneration methods may cause soil contamination or destruction of the borehole equipment.
Materials and methods
Here, we report on a newly developed ultrasound device that has been designed to reduce the need for the heavy lifting equipment, such as cranes, that typically accompany commercially available equipment. The device is minimized in size and equipped with a PLC, allowing the unit to be controlled remotely using a laptop computer. We tested the prototype ultrasound device on a fifty-year-old borehole and used standard geophysical well-logging techniques to evaluate its regeneration efficiency.
Results
After regeneration the fundamental change was an increase in the intensity of the downward flow, the water no more flows across the borehole, but exclusively downward (Q=115,000 l/day) what was thirty-fold acceleration of the flow of water through the well. New tributaries to the well were activated, which also signalled cleaning of the formerly clogged gravel sheath. The specific yield derived after regeneration was 1.13-1.49 fold higher than the specific yield before regeneration.
Conclusion
Borehole regeneration using ultrasound, while a less widely used method, offers adequate regeneration efficiency and is more environmentally friendly. Moreover, the presented prototype also offers reduced financial costs for regeneration compared to similar techniques that currently use heavy equipment and enables better mobility for harder-to-reach wells.
Development of a model composting process for food waste in an island community and use of machine learning models to predict its performance
Authors: Lytras Christos , Lyberatos Vassilis , Lytras George , Papadopoulou Konstantina , Vlysidis Anestis , Lyberatos Gerasimos
Published: April 2024

Purpose: A novel composting process suitable for handling food waste in an island community is developed. Food waste collection exhibits a substantial variation in quantities over the year and is based on separate disposal of food waste from residents and shops at the source.
Methods: The food waste is properly mixed with recycled compost and bulking material, consisting of a mixture of prunings, leaves and sawdust and placed in one of 24 1m3 closed container. After approximately one month, it is transferred to a second 1m3 container and after one more month to a final 1m3 container. Then it is sieved using an automated sieve and separated into two fractions. The net product is bagged and returned to the citizens, while the “reject” fraction is mixed with the feed. Approximately 15 tons of food waste were processed in 44 batches and produced approximately 3.4 tons of compost product. During the composting batches the composting mixture temperature and volume were monitored, the mixture was stirred 2-3 times weekly and water was added as needed to maintain a good level of moisture. For each of the 44 batches, the mean and maximum temperature reached, the mean ambient temperature, the process duration and the amounts of crude and net compost obtained after sieving are presented.
Results: Five machine learning models (Linear Regression, Decision tree regressor, K-Neighbors Regressor, Support Vector Regression, XGBoost Regression) were developed capable of predicting these outputs, using as inputs ambient temperature and the mixture amount and composition with excellent results.
Conclusion: The developed machine learning models are useful for predicting the outcome of composting food waste and could be used for optimal designing compost plant operations.
Characterization and Screening of Selected Eight Improved Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties for Production of Extruded Breakfast Meal
Authors: Mayaki Olutayo Moses , Akinwande Bolanle Aishat , Oke Moruf Olanrewaju
Published: April 2024

This research work characterized and screened local rice varieties in order to select the most suitable variety for production of ready-to-eat breakfast meals through extrusion cooking. Eight improved FARO 61–67 paddy rice varieties were milled, characterised and screened for extrusion properties. The milling characteristics, axial dimensional, physical, physicochemical, functional and cooking properties of the varieties were studied. The yield for brown rice ranged from 78.16–79.91% while head brown rice yield ranged from 23.82–75.61%. The bran yield after milling for 60 s ranged from 1.98–7.22%, while degree of milling ranged from 2.52–9.04. Length, width, and thickness for all varieties ranged from 6.21–6.91 mm, 2.02–2.46 mm, and 1.55–1.82 mm, respectively. Length-breadth ratio, aspect ratio and kernel volume of milled rice ranged between 2.59–3.33, 0.30–0.39 and 10.72–15.97 mm3, respectively. The thousand kernel weight has range of 16.55–20.66 g, while bulk density ranged from 0.567–0.652 kgm̵³. Gelatinization temperature has three categories of high alkaline digestion value 6–7 (55–69 ℃), intermediate 4–5 (70–74 ℃) and low 2–3 (75–79 ℃). Cooking time was from 12.67–30.67 min while the gel consistency ranged from 33.22–37.99 mm. Total starch and amylose concentration ranged from 66.83–82.43%, and 22.21–25.96, respectively. Water absorption capacity ranged from 5.61–6.71, and length-wise expansion ratio, breadth-wise expansion ratio, and cooked length-breadth ratio ranged from 1.23–1.47, 1.38–1.50 and 2.43–2.66. Results of physical, physicochemical, functional, cooking, and expansion characteristics of milled rice show FARO 64 variety has optimum extrusion properties. It is therefore considered the most suitable for use in rice extrusion process.
Microbial Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction-Mediated H2S: An Overlooked Role in Crohn's Disease Development
Authors: Luo Wanrong , Zhao Min , Dwidar Mohammed , Xiang Liyuan , Gao Yang , Wu Xueting , Medema Marnix H. , Xu Shu , Li Xiaozhi , Schaefer Hendrik , Chen Minhu , Feng Rui , Zhu Yijun
Published: April 2024

Background
H2S imbalances in the intestinal tract trigger Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder characterized by microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. However, a comprehensive understanding of H2S generation in the gut, and the contributions of both microbiota and host to systemic H2S levels in CD, remain to be elucidated. This investigation aimed to enhance comprehension regarding the sulfidogenic potential of both the human host and the gut microbiota.
Results
Our analysis of a treatment-naive CD cohorts' fecal metagenomic and biopsy metatranscriptomic data revealed reduced expression of host endogenous H2S generation genes alongside increased abundance of microbial exogenous H2S production genes in correlation with CD. While prior studies focused on microbial H2S production via dissimilatory sulfite reductases, our metagenomic analysis suggests the assimilatory sulfate reduction (ASR) pathway is a more significant contributor in the human gut, given its high prevalence and abundance. Subsequently, we validated our hypothesis experimentally by generating ASR-deficient E. coli mutants ∆cysJ and ∆cysM through the deletion of sulfite reductase and L-cysteine synthase genes. This alteration significantly affected bacterial sulfidogenic capacity, colon epithelial cell viability, and colonic mucin sulfation, ultimately leading to colitis in murine model. Further study revealed that gut microbiota degrade sulfopolysaccharides and assimilate sulfate to produce H2S via the ASR pathway, highlighting the role of sulfopolysaccharides in colitis and cautioning against their use as food additives.
Conclusions
Our study significantly advances understanding of microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut, elucidating the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host sulfur metabolism. We highlight the microbial ASR pathway as an overlooked endogenous H2S producer and a potential therapeutic target for managing CD.
New Ensemble Deep Learning Model for Gynaecological Cancer Risk Prediction
Authors: Berahman Kamal , Zhou Xujuan , Li Yufeng , Gururajan Raj , Barua Prabal , Acharya Rajendra , Chennakesavan Srinivas Kondalsamy
Published: April 2024

Gynaecological cancer is a prevalent type of cancer affecting women worldwide, and early detection is critical for successful treatment and prevention of cancer recurrence. In our study, we introduce an innovative method to predict cervical cancer risk using a combination of deep learning models. Our approach employs a nested ensemble technique, where multiple deep learning base models are individually trained and then integrated to create a more precise ensemble model. In the initial phase of our nested ensemble method, we leverage sophisticated stacking deep learning techniques, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The subsequent MetaClassifier section introduces a voting mechanism, seamlessly integrating methods such as j48 and SGD. Our experimental findings reveal that our method surpasses expectations, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches in analyzing cervical cancer data.
Network analysis of multidimensional symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers in Chinese patients with glioma
Authors: Li Huayu , Shi Xiaohan , Li Jing , Zhang Xinrui , Nyalali Alphonce M K , Li Feng
Published: April 2024

Purpose Patients with glioma experience multidimensional symptoms that reduce their functional status, quality of life, and survival, and these symptoms may be associated with inflammation. This study applied network analysis to examine and visualize the relationship between multidimensional symptom experiences and inflammatory biomarkers and assess the symptom networks of multidimensional symptom experiences over time in patients with glioma.Methods Participants diagnosed with glioma were recruited and completed the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT) at three different time points: 2 days after admission (T1), 7 days after surgery (T2), and 1 month after surgery (T3). On the same day as the T1 questionnaire collection, plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and c-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Network analysis was employed to explore the relationships among multidimensional symptom experiences and inflammatory biomarkers of patients.Results Of the total 334 participants (mean age 54.38 ± 13.16 years), 67.1% had high-grade tumors. In the symptom-cytokine network model, there were positive correlations between “sad and IL-6” (0.19), “fatigue and IL-10” (0.07), and “sleepy and IL-1β” (0.06). Regarding the symptom-symptom network models, difficulty remembering (rs = 1.20), sad (rs = 1.60), and change in bowel pattern (rs = 1.30) emerged as the most central symptoms across the three assessments.Conclusions Network analysis provides a novel method for investigating the relationships between multidimensional symptom experiences and inflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, it allows for identifying different core symptoms at various stages of treatment. Nurses should effectively address and manage symptoms by focusing on special core symptoms and their interconnections within the network.Implications for Cancer Survivors Assessing and addressing neurological symptoms, psychological changes, gastrointestinal symptoms early in treatment may improve health outcomes of patients with glioma.
Evaluation of the dynamic viscosity in hemoglobin solutions using proton magnetic relaxation
Authors: Cruz Néstor Juan Rodríguez de la , Torres Yulianela Mengana , Naranjo Juan Carlos García , Ferro Beatriz T. Ricardo , Geli Yamirka Alonso , Piña Edalis Guerrero , Durán Yomaidis Araujo , Beyries Lidia C. Suárez , Reyes Inocente C. Rodríguez , Rodriguez Samuel Jorge Rosales , Guevara Manuel Arsenio Lores
Published: April 2024

A Proton Magnetic Relaxation method to determine the absolute dynamic viscosity in samples of hemoglobin (Hb) solutions (ηHb) is presented. The approach is based on the inverse relationship between this physical parameter and the transverse proton magnetic relaxation time (T2). The Hb samples were voluntary obtained from whole blood of healthy individuals and patients, and processed by classical methods (centrifugation, decanting and freezing-thawing cycles).The Carr-Purcell-Meiboon-Gill pulse sequence was employed to determine T2 in a Tecmag Magnetic Resonance console coupled to a magnet of 0. 095 T and the temperature of measurement was 293 K. A theoretical expression was derived; which properly describes the experimental behavior of the transverse proton magnetic relaxation rate (R2) with ηHb. This equation was successfully used to estimate ηHb in samples belonging to 10 healthy individuals considering that the values obtained statistically match with those measured using an Ostwald viscometer. The potential utility, for medical applications, of this proton magnetic resonance based method was observed estimating ηHb in samples belonging to 46 sickle cell disease patients; being the estimated values bigger than those obtained for the case of healthy individuals due to the increasing in the intermolecular interactions inside the hemoglobin S solution, which is provoked by the presence of HbS polymers and fragments of this type of polymers. To use this method a special care must be taken with the temperature and the frequency of resonance used, as well as with the homogeneity of the static magnetic system. Additionally; the presence inside the sample of external amount of water, paramagnetic compounds and/or other biological materials must be avoided.
No one home? New evidence for MIS 3 occupations in the Western Cape (South Africa) from Mertenhof Rock Shelter
Authors: Will Manuel , Jacobs Zenobia , Mackay Alex
Published: April 2024

Southern Africa features an intensively studied Stone Age sequence, though one with geographical and temporal gaps. The archaeology of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 remains understudied, particularly between ~ 50 − 25 ka. This period encompasses numerous ecological, demographic and behavioural changes, most notably the passage from Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) technologies. In western South Africa, previous research postulated a hiatus in the cultural sequence during the second half of MIS 3, potentially reflecting depopulation due to hyperarid environments. Here we document rare occupations during this period in the Western Cape at Mertenhof Rock Shelter (MRS) by providing new chronometric and technological data. OSL estimates suggest two pulses of low-density occupations at ~ 50 ka and 41 − 37 ka, allowing for a diachronic assessment of technological changes. These sporadic MSA occupations complement the more widespread occurrence of open-air settlements along the Doring River during ~ 50 − 35 ka. At MRS, knappers procured local rock types and produced small flakes and some blades via platform and bipolar reduction but without Nubian methods. The retouched pieces feature splintered pieces and denticulates but mostly lack points. Notable differences to sites in eastern southern Africa underscore ongoing technological regionalization and demographic partitioning during MIS 3. The temporal changes in the sequence show no consistent trajectory towards the ELSA in the region that appears around 25 ka. Lithic and chronometric evidence from MRS supports scenarios of a long persistence of the MSA within MIS 3 in southern Africa and a late emergence of the LSA after 35 ka.
Regulation and Quality Assurance for the Mental Health and Substance Use Health Workforce: A Scoping Review
Authors: Atanackovic Jelena , Slipp Micheala , Klaus Jesse , Bartram Mary , Myles Sophia , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn , Leslie Kathleen
Published: April 2024

This scoping review aimed to identify which regulatory approaches have the greatest potential for improving equitable access to high-quality mental health and substance use health (MHSUH) services. Guided by Arksey & O’Malley’s methodology, we conducted a scoping review of academic and grey literature involving a search of three academic databases, Google, and websites of provider organizations. A total of 49 academic papers and 184 grey literature sources were included. We identified four key findings: 1) a fragmented regulatory landscape and trends towards harmonization of regulation; 2) need to modernize training to improve equity in service provision 3) the value of reducing regulatory barriers and enhancing interjurisdictional mobility; and 4) the need to improve visibility and integration/support for unregulated providers. More research is needed to identify which regulatory approaches hold the greatest potential for expanding equitable access to high-quality providers and services. Future research could explore how to implement lighter-touch regulatory frameworks.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Thermal Resistance and Thermal Conductivity in Silica Fibrous Insulation Material at High Temperatures
Authors: Mirsharipov Behzod
Published: April 2024

This study presents an in-depth experimental and numerical analysis of thermal resistance and effective thermal conductivity in silica dioxide fibrous insulation materials under high-temperature conditions. The primary objective was to accurately measure thermal properties to ensure the safety and integrity of structures subjected to extreme temperatures, such as rocket exteriors. A steady-state experimental approach was employed to determine the thermal behavior of the silica fibrous sample. Subsequently, a comprehensive 3D model was developed to simulate these conditions, allowing for a detailed comparison between experimental findings and numerical predictions. The results demonstrated a significant correlation between the experimentally obtained data and the simulations, highlighting the reliability of the numerical model in predicting the thermal behavior of silica fibrous insulation materials. The conclusion drawn from this research underscores the critical importance of precise assessment of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance in high-temperature insulation materials. Accurate evaluations are essential for the design and safety of rocket structures, as they significantly influence the thermal protection system's effectiveness. This study not only contributes to the understanding of silica fibrous materials' thermal properties but also provides a validated methodological framework for future research in the thermal analysis of insulation materials.
Probiotic treatment causes sex-specific neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Holcomb Morgan , Marshall Austin , Flinn Hannah , Lozano Mariana , Soriano Sirena , Gomez-Pinilla Fernando , Treangen Todd J. , Villapol Sonia
Published: April 2024

Background Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of gut dysbiosis in shaping traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Changes in the levels and types ofLactobacillusbacteria present might impact the immune system disturbances, neuroinflammatory responses, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, and compromised neuroprotection mechanisms triggered by TBI. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of a daily pan-probiotic (PP) mixture in drinking water containing strains ofLactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticus, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, L. gasseri, andL. casei, administered for either two or seven weeks before inducing TBI on both male and female mice. Methods Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis was performed for metabolite measurements. The taxonomic profiles of murine fecal samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequencing analysis. Histological analyses were used to assess neuroinflammation and gut changes post-TBI, while behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Results Our findings suggest that PP administration modulates the diversity and composition of the microbiome and increases the levels of SCFAs in a sex-dependent manner. We also observed a reduction of lesion volume, cell death, and microglial and macrophage activation after PP treatment following TBI in male mice. Furthermore, PP-treated mice show motor function improvements and decreases in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PP administration can mitigate neuroinflammation and ameliorate motor and anxiety and depressive-like behavior deficits following TBI. These results underscore the potential of probiotic interventions as a viable therapeutic strategy to address TBI-induced impairments, emphasizing the need for gender-specific treatment approaches.
Urinary Tract Infection in a Postmenopausal Diabetic Woman: A Controversial Case of Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Authors: Saadeh Angela Samer , Saadeh Aleen Samer
Published: April 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which damage the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra, are brought on by bacteria that grow in urine. Urinary tract infections are more likely to occur in women with diabetes. The patient in this case is a 58-year-old postmenopausal lady who had abrupt onset dysuria with burning when she urinated and increasing frequency, along with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and hypertension. This case highlights shortcomings in the initial management strategy for conducting required clinical laboratory procedures, including urine collection, detailed report (DR), and culture and sensitivity (C/S), and testing for plasma glucose to start antimicrobial therapy. Diabetic individuals who experience dysuria, frequent urination, or pelvic pain should receive specific treatment for urinary tract infections. When a patient first develops symptoms, antibiotic treatment for UTIs should always start with a culture and sensitivity analysis. In order to obtain the intended therapeutic effects, comorbidities must be adequately treated during treatment.
Regulation of Enhancers by SUMOylation Through TFAP2C Binding and Recruitment of HDAC Complex to the Chromatin
Authors: Abeywardana Tharindumala , Wu Xiwei , Huang Shih-Ting , Masangkay Grace Aldana , Rodin Andrei S. , Branciamore Sergio , Gogoshin Grigoriy , Li Arthur , Du Li , Tharuka Neranjan , Tomaino Ross , Chen Yuan
Published: April 2024

Enhancers are fundamental to gene regulation. Post-translational modifications by the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) modify chromatin regulation enzymes, including histone acetylases and deacetylases. However, it remains unclear whether SUMOylation regulates enhancer marks, acetylation at the 27th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein (H3K27Ac). To investigate whether SUMOylation regulates H3K27Ac, we performed genome-wide ChIP-seq analyses and discovered that knockdown (KD) of the SUMO activating enzyme catalytic subunit UBA2 reduced H3K27Ac at most enhancers. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that TFAP2C-binding sites are enriched in enhancers whose H3K27Ac was reduced by UBA2 KD. ChIP-seq analysis in combination with molecular biological methods showed that TFAP2C binding to enhancers increased upon UBA2 KD or inhibition of SUMOylation by a small molecule SUMOylation inhibitor. However, this is not due to the SUMOylation of TFAP2C itself. Proteomics analysis of TFAP2C interactome on the chromatin identified histone deacetylation (HDAC) and RNA splicing machineries that contain many SUMOylation targets. TFAP2C KD reduced HDAC1 binding to chromatin and increased H3K27Ac marks at enhancer regions, suggesting that TFAP2C is important in recruiting HDAC machinery. Taken together, our findings provide insights into the regulation of enhancer marks by SUMOylation and TFAP2C and suggest that SUMOylation of proteins in the HDAC machinery regulates their recruitments to enhancers.
Messung instrumenteller und kritisch-reflexiver Medienkompetenzen sowie medienbezogener Lehrkompetenzen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften
Authors: Vejvoda Johanna , Stadler Matthias , Schultz-Pernice Florian , Glas Julia , Fischer Frank , Sailer Michael
Published: April 2024

Medienbezogene Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften sind unabdingbar, um Schüler:innen auf Teilhabe, Partizipation und eine verantwortliche Mitgestaltung in einer Kultur der Digitalität vorzubereiten. Konkret benötigen Lehrkräfte hierzu medienbezogene Basis- und Lehrkompetenzen. Für die zielgerichtete und erfolgreiche Förderung dieser Kompetenzen im Rahmen der Lehrkräftebildung sind Instrumente zur Messung dieser Medienkompetenzen hilfreich. Bestehende Instrumente greifen allerdings zumeist auf einfache, nicht selten sehr allgemein formulierte Selbsteinschätzungen zurück. Dies erschwert eine valide Messung von Kompetenzen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein alternativer Messansatz vorgestellt, der Selbsteinschätzungen von Medienkompetenzen mittels Szenarien kontextualisiert und damit präzisiert. Die Szenarien-Basierung führt zu einem validen Messergebnis, hat aber für den Einsatz im Feld den Nachteil, dass die Messung deutlich umfangreicher ausfällt. Dem begegnen wir im vorliegenden Beitrag durch die Entwicklung einer Kurzskala in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren. Auf Basis eines Datensatzes von N = 552 (angehenden) Lehrkräften wird eine szenarienbasierte Kurzskala zur Messung instrumenteller und kritisch-reflexiver Medienkompetenzen sowie medienbezogener Lehrkompetenzen entwickelt. Diese Kurzskala wird in einer weiteren Studie mit N = 204 Lehrkräften nochmals validiert. Die Ergebnisse beider Studien unterstützen die Validität der Kurzskala. Für die Lehrkräftebildung und Forschung wird somit ein akzeptanzförderndes und ressourcenschonendes Instrument bereitgestellt, das eine reliable und valide Messung instrumenteller und kritisch-reflexiver Medienkompetenzen sowie medienbezogener Lehrkompetenzen erlaubt.
Towards enhanced surface roughness modeling in machining: an analysis of data transformation techniques
Authors: Thinh Hoang Xuan , Khiem Vu Van , Giang Nguyen Truong
Published: April 2024

Data transformation methods are utilized to convert datasets into non-integer formats, potentially altering their distribution patterns. This implies that the variance and standard deviation of the dataset may be altered after the dataset undergoes data transformation operations. Improving model accuracy is a primary application of these methods. This study compares the efficacy of three data transformation techniques: square root transformation, logarithmic transformation, and inverse transformation. The comparison is conducted within the context of developing a surface roughness model for a turning process. Eighteen experiments are performed using the Box-Behnken method, with surface roughness chosen as the response variable. The surface roughness dataset undergoes transformation using the mentioned methods. Four surface roughness regression models are then built: one without transformation, one with square root transformation, one with logarithmic transformation, and one with inverse transformation. Evaluation metrics include coefficient of determination (R-Sq), adjusted coefficient of determination (R-Sq(adj)), Mean Absolute Error (%MAE), and Mean Squared Error (%MSE). Results indicate logarithmic transformation as the most effective, followed by square root transformation, in enhancing model accuracy. The surface roughness model utilizing data transformation exhibits high R-Sq and R-Sq(adj) values, at 0.8792 and 0.7434 respectively. On the other hand, this model has %MAE and %MSE values of only 10.33 and 2.05 respectively. Conversely, inverse transformation exhibits the least effectiveness among the three methods
A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Researchers, Project Managers, and Decision-Makers to Assess Factors That Contribute to Complexity and Project Success
Authors: Lock Adinet , Sergeenko Grigory
Published: April 2024

Complexity is a major problem for managers and decision-makers and needs to be addressed for projects to succeed. The aim of this study was to explore the factors contributing to complexity and project failure and success. An online cross-sectional survey of 114 researchers, project managers and decision-makers was conducted to explore these factors. Results showed that all participants who use project management indicated that it contributes to the success of their projects. Humans and human interactions were chosen by most participants as the main factor responsible for complexity. Most participants indicated that poor communication and collaboration was the biggest factor preventing them from achieving their goals. Participants mostly prefer working with people that they have a lot in common with, and most indicated that smaller teams of four to five people are better for optimal performance compared with larger team sizes. Feeling valued, respected, and being adequately rewarded motivated participants to perform well. In conclusion, project management may be able to improve the chances of project success. Addressing human factors and interactions may reduce complexity and motivate people to perform well. Limitations of this research include convenience sampling and subjective responses to a cross-sectional survey rather than objective measurement of outcomes.
NLO finite system size corrections to $2\to2$ scattering in $\phi^4$ theory using newly derived sum of sinc functions
Authors: Du Plessis Jean F. , Horowitz William A.
Published: April 2024

Previously an equation of state for the relativistic hydrodynamics encountered in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC has been calculated using lattice gauge theory methods. This leads to a prediction of very low viscosity, due to the calculated trace anomaly. Finite system corrections to this trace anomaly could challenge this calculation, since the lattice calculation was done in an effectively infinite system. In order to verify this trace anomaly it is sensible to add phenomenologically relevant finite system corrections. We investigate massive \phi^4ϕ4 theory with periodic boundary conditions on nn of the 3 spatial dimensions. 2\to22→2 NLO scattering is then computed. Using a newly derived formula for an arbitrary dimensional sum of sinc functions, we show that the NLO finite size corrections preserve unitarity.
Towards better discrimination and improved modelling of dark-sector showers
Authors: Buckley Andy , Kar Deepak , Sinha Sukanya
Published: April 2024

As no evidence for classic WIMP-based signatures of dark matter have been found at the LHC, several phenomenological studies have raised the possibility of accessing a strongly-interacting dark sector through new collider-event topologies. If dark mesons exist, their evolution and hadronization procedure are currently little constrained. They could decay promptly and result in QCD-like jet structures, even though the original decaying particles are dark sector ones; they could behave as semi-visible jets; or they could behave as completely detector-stable hadrons, in which case the final state is just the missing transverse momentum. In this contribution we will introduce a study performed to explore use of jet substructure methods to distinguish dark-sector from QCD jets in the first two scenarios, using observables in a IRC-safe linear basis, and discuss ways forward for this approach to dark-matter at the LHC.
Intermittency analysis of charged particles generated in Xe-Xe~collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.44 TeV using the AMPT model
Authors: Banoo Zarina , Gupta Ramni
Published: April 2024

The multiplicity fluctuations are sensitive to QCD phase transition and to the presence of critical point in QCD phase diagram. At critical point a system undergoing phase transition is characterized by large fluctuations in the observables which is an important tool to understand the dynamics of particle production in heavy-ion interactions and phase changes. Multiplicity fluctuations of produced particles is an important observable to characterize the evolving system. Using scaling exponent obtained from the normalized factorial moments of the number of charged hadrons in the two dimensional (\eta,\phiη,ϕ) phase space, one can learn about the dynamics of system created in these collisions. Events generated using Xe-Xe collisions at $ = 5.44 $ TeV with string-melting (SM) version of the AMPT model are analyzed and the scaling exponent (\nu)(ν) for various p_TpT intervals is determined. It is observed that the calculated value of \nuν is larger than the universal value 1.304, as is obtained from Ginzburg-Landau theory for second order phase transition. Here we will also present the results of the dependence of the scaling exponent on the transverse momentum bin width.
Revisiting the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs’ organizational performance
Authors: M. Anwarul Islam K. , Shariful Islam Mohammad , Said Jamaliah , Bashar Bhuiyan Abul , Hasan Zulfiqar
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, proactiveness, innovativeness, aggressiveness, and autonomy), an independent variable, on SMEs’ organizational performance in Bangladesh. The study surveyed 237 SMEs’ owners (out of 300, with a response rate of 79%) in Gazipur district, Bangladesh. Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.70 was used to examine the reliability of the constructs in this study. Drawing from earlier research, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was constructed to assess the links between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs’ organizational performance. The dependent variable in this study was SMEs’ organizational performance, which was based on business growth, change in number of employees, profitability, and sales growth. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS with a 95% confidence interval. The results suggest that all five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation positively affect the organizational performance of SMEs in Bangladesh. It is evident that proactiveness (β-value = 0.330) has the greatest effect on SMEs’ organizational performance, and competitive aggressiveness has the least effect (β-value = 0.230). The independent variables explain a significant proportion of the variability observed in SMEs’ organizational performance (R2 = 57.4%). The research outcomes offer valuable implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and academics.
AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge the Accounting Research Institute (ARI)-HICoE.
EVDE BAKIM HİZMETİ ALAN YAŞLI BİREYLERİN VE BAKIM VERENLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SOSYAL SORUNLAR ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA: OLTU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Cerrah Lokman , Karakuş Umar Esra , Oral Meltem , Pak Melike
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de evde bakım gören yaşlı bireylerin bakım veren bireyler ile ilişkisi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Yaşlı birey ile bakım veren bireyin ilişkisine odaklanırken yaşlı bireyin ve bakım verenin deneyimlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada yaşlı birey ile bakım verenin etkileşimleri “ekosistem yaklaşımı” özelinde incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma deseninin seçildiği çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakat teknikleri kullanılarak otuz ailenin ev ortamına altı ay boyunca yapılan ev ziyaretlerinde veriler toplanmıştır. Yaşlı birey ile bakım veren bireyin bakım etkileşimi, “sağlık sorunları”, “kayıp ve yas”, “ekonomik yetersizlikler” ve “sosyal çevre kaybı” kategorileri özelinde incelenmiştir. Sonuçta bakım alanlar ile bakım verenler arasında bakım aylığı üzerinden ekonomik temelli bir alışveriş sürecinin yaşandığı görülmektedir. Bu süreçte ailede bakım rolünü üstlenen yine kadındır. Ayrıca Oltu’da geleneksel yapıdan modern yapıya geçişin izlerinden sayılabilecek yaşlının hanedeki aktif rolünün ortadan kalktığı görülmektedir.
Tensor analysis of tornadoes: a new analytical and numerical model
Authors: Maulani Mustamina , Putra Valentinus Galih Vidia
Published: April 2024

This research proposes a new mathematical formulation of tornadoes based on the theory of tensor analysis and simulation in a non-inertial dynamics framework, both in two and three dimensions. This model may show the spherical upward movement of air in a tornado without taking into account vertical convection. A tornado requires several elements, including geocentric latitude, the Coriolis effect, increased airspeed in the upper atmosphere, and increased air pressure. Computing the three-dimensional location of the tornado or hurricane, as well as the mathematical models of airflow motion and the Earth's rotation in three-dimensional (3D) space, can determine a tornado's airflow characteristics. To show tornado patterns, we employed computer software that computed motion dynamics and did numerical computations. The results of 2-D modeling and simulation indicated that the greater the initial tornado angular speed, the larger the tornado area. Three-dimensional modeling and simulation also show that tornadoes are more powerful at higher geocentric latitude angles. The novelty of this study is that this model can be used to explain tornado patterns. In our research, we combine tensor analysis, computational modeling, as well as 2D and 3D simulations for simulating tornadoes for the first time. The scientific application of this finding is that researchers at the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency will be able to analyze a tornado and geophysical phenomena more readily with simulations and models.
Characteristics of packing gland seals in hydraulic systems of quarry excavators and results of comparative analysis of experimental tests
Authors: Zhuraev Akbar Shavkatovich , Turdiyev Sardorjon Abdumunovich , Jurayev Shohrux Tulkinovich , Salimova Shahrizoda Sanjar Qizi
Published: April 2024

The efficiency of quarry hydraulic excavators will depend on several factors, namely the climatic conditions of the area where hydraulic excavators are used, the degree of air pollution (pollination), the performance of the structural parts of the excavator, the reliability of the hydraulic system, the performance and cleanliness of the hydraulic working fluid. In this area, research was carried out on the performance of seals used in the hydraulic system of quarry excavators. The article presents the results of experimental tests of the existing type of oil seal a and b, as well as the proposed oil seal type c, shown in Fig. 1.
Impact of climate change on the streamflow in northern Patagonia
Authors: Rivera Juan , Robo Malaëka , Bianchi Emilio , Mulleady Cristóbal
Published: April 2024

Streamflow simulations from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b (ISIMIP2b) were analyzed to evaluate future changes in surface water resources over northern Patagonia, a region that contributes significantly to the total hydropower production of Argentina. Ten global hydrological models (GHMs), forced by four general circulation models, effectively capture the winter streamflow maximum in the Negro river basin. However, most of them face challenges in simulating the late-spring pulse due to a misrepresentation of temperature over the higher elevations of the Andes. We quantified the future streamflow evolution using a multi-model ensemble from a subset of the best-performing GHMs under the RCP2.6 and RCP6.0 emission scenarios for two temporal horizons. According to the multi-model ensemble, there is a projected decrease in the annual streamflow of the analyzed rivers, which is more important considering the RCP6.0 scenario during the late 21st century, reaching up to −40% relative to the 1979–2005 reference period. This reduction is attributed to the projected precipitation decline in the headwaters of the Negro river basin in response to changes in the surface pressure patterns. These results have implications for regional water authorities for the development of adaptation plans considering future demand projections.
Optimal hydroelectric energy utilization with ATDOA: a case study of the Bumbuna Dam
Authors: Yi Zhenyi , Meng Senyue , Abdolhosseinzadeh Sama
Published: April 2024

Given that hydroelectric energy is regarded as the tertiary means of electricity production and furthermore the most crucial renewable energy producer globally, the imperative of maximizing the utilization of the vast and costly water resource, which depletion is increasingly conspicuous each passing day, is more pressing than before. In this study, the Advanced Tasmanian Devil Optimization Algorithm (ATDOA) is employed to optimize the utilization of hydroelectric energy derived from the Bumbuna Dam reservoir. This reservoir is situated in the Seli River, located in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. The research period includes 138 months, covering the duration from October 2010 to April 2022. The Tasmanian Devil Optimization Algorithm, which is bio-inspired algorithm, has been shown to be an effective optimization technique in multiple scholarly researches. The decision variables in the hydroelectric energy optimization model from the reservoir are the optimal release values of the monthly hydroelectric output from the reservoirs of the dams. After verifying the correctness of the ATDOA algorithm by using several standard benchmark functions, a model was developed for optimal hydroelectric utilization of the Bumbuna Dam.
The Neem Limonoid Nimbolide Modulates Key Components of the DNA Damage Response Signalling in Cellular and Animal Models of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Arvindh Soundararajan , Priyadarshini Manashi , Baba Abdul Basit , Veeravarmal Veeran , Mishra Rajakishore , Dash Rupesh , Nagini Siddavaram
Published: April 2024

Background:

Deregulated DNA damage response (DDR) network is implicated in
cancer progression and therapy resistance.

Objective:

The present study was designed to investigate whether nimbolide, an anticancer neem
limonoid, targets key components of the DDR signalling pathway in cellular and animal models
of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods:

OSCC cells (SCC-4 and SCC-9), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced
hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinoma model, chemoresistant OSCC patient-derived xenograft
(PDX) model established in athymic nude mice, and tissue sections from patients with oral
premalignant/malignant disease were used for the study. Key molecules that orchestrate the
DDR, including the MRN complex, ATM, DNA-PKcs, H2AX, and p53, were analysed by qRTPCR,
immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation and
apoptosis indices were evaluated.

Results:

Nimbolide significantly reduced 8-oxodG levels, expression of MRN, ATMS1891, and γH2AX, with an increase in p-p53S15 in OSCC cells as well as in the HBP model. Nimbolide potentiated the effect of KU-55933 in ATM inhibition. In the PDX model, nimbolide suppressed
tumor formation, stimulated DDR and apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin. Analysis of p-ATM expression revealed a significant increase during the sequential progression of hamster and human OSCC.

Conclusions:

This study provides compelling evidence that nimbolide functions as a DDR inhibitor
in cellular and hamster OSCC models and as a DDR activator in the PDX model primarily by
targeting ATM. Small molecules like nimbolide that modulate DDR are of immense benefit in
cancer therapy. The study has also unveiled p-ATM as a promising biomarker of tumour progression
in human OSCCs.
Solid CaCO3 Formation in Glioblastoma Multiforme and its Treatment with Ultra-Nanoparticulated NPt-Bionanocatalysts
Authors: Lopez-Goerne Tessy , Arellano Alfonso , Padilla-Godinez Francisco J. , Magana Carlos , Gonzalez-Bondani Antonela , Valiente Rafael
Published: April 2024

Background:

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent form of central nervous
system (CNS) cancer, stands as a highly aggressive glioma deemed virtually incurable according
to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, with survival rates typically falling
between 6 to 18 months. Despite concerted efforts, advancements in survival rates have been elusive.
Recent cutting-edge research has unveiled bionanocatalysts with 1% Pt, demonstrating unparalleled
selectivity in cleaving C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds within DNA in malignant cells. The application
of these nanoparticles has yielded promising outcomes.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to employ bionanocatalysts for the treatment of Glioblastoma
Multiforme (GBM) in a patient, followed by the evaluation of obtained tissues through electronic
microscopy.

Methods:

Bionanocatalysts were synthesized using established protocols. These catalysts were
then surgically implanted into the GBM tissue through stereotaxic procedures. Subsequently, tissue
samples were extracted from the patient and meticulously examined using Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM).

Results and Discussion:

Detailed examination of biopsies via SEM unveiled a complex network
of small capillaries branching from a central vessel, accompanied by a significant presence of
solid carbonate formations. Remarkably, the patient subjected to this innovative approach exhibited
a three-year extension in survival, highlighting the potential efficacy of bionanocatalysts in
combating GBM and its metastases.

Conclusion:

Bionanocatalysts demonstrate promise as a viable treatment option for severe cases
of GBM. Additionally, the identification of solid calcium carbonate formations may serve as a diagnostic
marker not only for GBM but also for other CNS pathologies.

conclusion:

Bionanocatalysts may be used to treat severe cases of GBM. Furthermore, solid calcium carbonate may work as a diagnosis factor regarding this and other CNS pathologies.
The Role of Selenium Nanoparticles in Addressing Diabetic
Complications: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Satpathy Siddharth , Panigrahi Lipsa Leena , Arakha Manoranjan
Published: April 2024

Diabetes, as an emerging epidemic, has put forward a significant spotlight on the evolving
population worldwide grounded upon the remarkable affliction of healthcare along with economical
conflict. Various studies suggested that, in modern society, lack of maintenance of a
healthy life style leads to the occurrence of diabetes as insulin resistant, later having a damaging
effect on the pancreatic β-cells, suggesting various complications. Furthermore, diabetes management
is controversial owing to different opinions based on the prevention of complications. For
this purpose, nanostructured materials (NSM) like selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have proved
their efficiency in the therapeutic management of such serious diseases. This review offers an in-
-depth idea regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and various conventional therapeutics of
type 1 and type 2 diabetes, shedding light on Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a case study of type 1
diabetes. Moreover, this review provides an exhaustive study by highlighting the economic and
healthcare burdens associated with diabetes along with the controversies associated with conventional
therapeutic management and the promising role of NSM like selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs),
as a novel weapon for encountering such fatal diseases.