bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing single electrons across 300-mm spin qubit wafers
Authors: Neyens Samuel , Zietz Otto K. , Watson Thomas F. , Luthi Florian , Nethwewala Aditi , George Hubert C. , Henry Eric , Islam Mohammad , Wagner Andrew J. , Borjans Felix , Connors Elliot J. , Corrigan J. , Curry Matthew J. , Keith Daniel , Kotlyar Roza , Lampert Lester F. , Mądzik Mateusz T. , Millard Kent , Mohiyaddin Fahd A. , Pellerano Stefano , Pillarisetty Ravi , Ramsey Mick , Savytskyy Rostyslav , Schaal Simon , Zheng Guoji , Ziegler Joshua , Bishop Nathaniel C. , Bojarski Stephanie , Roberts Jeanette , Clarke James S.
Published: May 2024

Building a fault-tolerant quantum computer will require vast numbers of physical qubits. For qubit technologies based on solid-state electronic devices1–3, integrating millions of qubits in a single processor will require device fabrication to reach a scale comparable to that of the modern complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry. Equally important, the scale of cryogenic device testing must keep pace to enable efficient device screening and to improve statistical metrics such as qubit yield and voltage variation. Spin qubits1,4,5 based on electrons in Si have shown impressive control fidelities6–9 but have historically been challenged by yield and process variation10–12. Here we present a testing process using a cryogenic 300-mm wafer prober13 to collect high-volume data on the performance of hundreds of industry-manufactured spin qubit devices at 1.6 K. This testing method provides fast feedback to enable optimization of the CMOS-compatible fabrication process, leading to high yield and low process variation. Using this system, we automate measurements of the operating point of spin qubits and investigate the transitions of single electrons across full wafers. We analyse the random variation in single-electron operating voltages and find that the optimized fabrication process leads to low levels of disorder at the 300-mm scale. Together, these results demonstrate the advances that can be achieved through the application of CMOS-industry techniques to the fabrication and measurement of spin qubit devices.
A comparative study on performance of the conventional and fixed-bed membrane bioreactors for treatment of Naproxen from pharmaceutical wastewater
Authors: Mokhtariazar Akbar , Hassani Amir Hessam , Borghei Mahdi , Massoudinejad Mohamadreza
Published: May 2024

Here, a comparative study was designed to survey the treatment efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater containing Naproxen by Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and MBR with fixed-bed packing media (FBMBR). To this end, the performance of MBR and FBMBR in different aeration conditions including average DO (1.9–3.8 mg/L), different organic loading (OLR) (0.86, 1.14 and 1.92 kg COD per cubic meter per day), and Naproxen removal efficiency. The BOD5 removal efficiency, effluent quality and membrane fouling were monitored within 140 days. The results obtained from the present study indicated that COD removal efficiency for FBMBR (96.46%) was higher than that for MBR (95.33%). In addition, a high COD removal efficiency was experienced in both MBR and FBMBR in operational conditions 3 and 4, even where OLR increased from 1.14 to 1.92 kgCOD/m3 d and DO decreased from 4 to < 1 mg/L. Furthermore, the higher Naproxen removal efficiency was observed in FBMBR (94.17%) compared to that for MBR (92.76%). Therefore, FBMBR is a feasible and promising method for efficient treatment of pharmaceuptical wastewater with high concentrations of emerging contaminant, especially, the Naproxen.
Prefrontal cortex activity and functional organisation in dual-task ocular pursuit is affected by concurrent upper limb movement
Authors: Borot Lénaïc , Ogden Ruth , Bennett Simon J.
Published: May 2024

Tracking a moving object with the eyes seems like a simple task but involves areas of prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with attention, working memory and prediction. Increasing the demand on these processes with secondary tasks can affect eye movements and/or perceptual judgments. This is particularly evident in chronic or acute neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease or mild traumatic brain injury. Here, we combined near infrared spectroscopy and video-oculography to examine the effects of concurrent upper limb movement, which provides additional afference and efference that facilitates tracking of a moving object, in a novel dual-task pursuit protocol. We confirmed the expected effects on judgement accuracy in the primary and secondary tasks, as well as a reduction in eye velocity when the moving object was occluded. Although there was limited evidence of oculo-manual facilitation on behavioural measures, performing concurrent upper limb movement did result in lower activity in left medial PFC, as well as a change in PFC network organisation, which was shown by Graph analysis to be locally and globally more efficient. These findings extend upon previous work by showing how PFC is functionally organised to support eye-hand coordination when task demands more closely replicate daily activities.
Effects of cold spray on thirst, frequency of oral care, and pain of general surgery intensive care unit patients
Authors: Gungor Serap , Tosun Betul , Candir Gozde , Ozen Nurten
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the effects of intraoral cold water spray on thirst, frequency of oral care and postoperative period pain at surgical incision site in patients having abdominal surgery. The study was carried out as a randomized controlled trial, registered under Clinical Trial Number: NCT05940818. The study involved 110 participants, divided equally into two groups (n = 55): the experimental group and the control group. Data were collected using patient information form, NRS, Intensive Care Oral Care Frequency Assessment Scale (ICOCFAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The severity of thirst at 1st, 8th, 16th h of post-operative period (p < 0.01) and the frequency of oral care application at 16th h were statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group when compared to the control group (p < 0.01).There wasn’t statistically significant difference between the patients in the experimental and control groups in terms of pain at surgical incision site (p > 0.05). The patient’s thirst and need for frequent oral care in the postoperative period were reduced by the application of a cold water spray. In patients undergoing abdominal surgery, the use of cold water spray application may be recommended to reduce thirst and the need for frequency of oral care application.
5G-enabled, battery-less smart skins for self-monitoring megastructures and digital twin applications
Authors: Lynch Charles , Adeyeye Ajibayo , Abbara El Mehdi , Umar Ashraf , Alhendi Mohammed , Minnella Chris , Iannotti Joseph , Stoffel Nancy , Poliks Mark , Tentzeris Manos M.
Published: May 2024

With the current development of the 5G infrastructure, there presents a unique opportunity for the deployment of battery-less mmWave reflect-array-based sensors. These fully-passive devices benefit from having a larger detectability than alternative battery-less solutions to create self-monitoring megastructures. The presented ‘smart’ skin sensor uses a Van-Atta array design enabling ubiquitous local strain monitoring for the structural health monitoring of composite materials featuring wide interrogation angles. Proof-of-concept prototypes of these ‘smart’ skin millimeter-wave identification tags, that can be mounted on or embedded within common materials used in wind turbine blades, present a highly-detectable radar cross-section of − 33.75 dBsm and − 35.00 dBsm for mounted and embedded sensors respectively. Both sensors display a minimum resolution of 202 $$\upmu $$
μ
-strain even at 40$$^{\circ }$$

∘

off-axis enabling interrogation of the fully-passive sensor at oblique angles of incidence. When interrogated from a proof-of-concept reader, the fully-passive, sticker-like mmID enables local strain monitoring of both carbon fiber and glass fiber composite materials. The sensors display a repeatable and recoverable response over 0–3000 $$\upmu $$
μ
-strain and a sensitivity of 7.55 kHz/$$\upmu $$
μ
-strain and 7.92 kHz/$$\upmu $$
μ
-strain for mounted and embedded sensors, respectively. Thus, the presented 5G-enabled battery-less sensor presents massive potential for the development of ubiquitous Digital Twinning of composite materials in future smart cities architectures.
Assessing risk of stroke after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss using data from general practice
Authors: Oussoren Fieke K. , Schermer Tjard R. , Horn Leonie R. , van Leeuwen Roeland B. , Bruintjes Tjasse D.
Published: May 2024

The cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remains unknown in a significant number of cases, but vascular involvement in its pathophysiology has been proposed. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of stroke following idiopathic SSNHL (iSSNHL) and to evaluate associated cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. We extracted electronic medical record data from iSSNHL patients aged ≥ 50 years retrospectively from 84 general practices. Patients were matched for age, sex and general practice in a 1:4 ratio to controls. Primary outcome was the 5-years stroke risk following iSSNHL diagnosis. 480 iSSNHL cases could be matched to 1911 controls. The hazard ratio for iSSNHL compared with controls was 1.25 (95%CI 0.50–3.27; P = 0.646) for CVA (cerebrovascular accident) alone and 0.92 (95% CI 0.50–1.71; P = 0.804) for CVA and TIA (transient ischemic attack) combined. The hazard ratio for the interaction term between iSSNHL and age ≥ 60 years was 4.84 (95% CI 1.02–23.05; P = 0.048) for CVA and TIA combined. Patients with iSSNHL used antihypertensives and beta-blocking agents more frequently than controls (P = 0.006 and P = 0.022, respectively). In conclusion, no overall significant difference in the risk of stroke was observed, but the hazard ratio for stroke increased in iSSNHL patients aged 60 and older, suggesting potential vascular involvement in older subjects presenting with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Farmer’s climate smart livestock production adoption and determinant factors in Hidebu Abote District, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Ayal Desalegn Yayeh , Mamo Bassa
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to identify the status, determining factors, and challenges in adopting climate smart livestock production practices by farmers. Three-staged sampling techniques were used to select the research sites and 233 sample farmer household respondents. Data were collected mainly using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted to complement the household survey data. Descriptive statistics and an ordered logistic regression model were applied to analyze the quantitative data. The result revealed that the most adopted practices were composting (85.41%) and manure management (70.39%) while the least adopted technologies were biogas generation (3.86%) and rotation grazing (22.32%). The adoption status of the sampled farmers was also categorized into low (19.74%), medium (67.81%), and high adopter (12.45%). The high cost of improved breed, use of manure for fuel, free grazing, lack of information and awareness were the major constraints to adopting the climate smart livestock production technologies. The result also revealed that education, grazing land, total livestock holding, and extension agent contact contributed significantly and positively to the adoption of smart livestock production technology, while the distance from the water source had an insignificant and negative effect on the adoption status of climate smart livestock production practices. The study suggests the relevance of the cooperation of stakeholders and strengthening extension services for the maximum benefits of climate smart livestock production.
Novel risk index integrating practical operation limits enhances probabilistic contingency ranking for large-scale photovoltaic plant planning
Authors: Elazab Rasha , El-Aser Mohamed K. , El-samahy Adel A.
Published: May 2024

This research addresses the pressing need for heightened grid security amid increasing uncertainties in photovoltaic PV generation. The research problem lies in the limitations of conventional contingency analysis metrics, failing to adequately consider both contingency occurrences and uncertainties inherent in PV generation. In response, a comprehensive algorithm is proposed that introduces a novel severity function framework, enhancing traditional contingency ranking metrics. This approach incorporates grid remedial actions and refines line and bus voltage classification by considering available correction time, aiming to offer a more robust security assessment. Motivated by the imperative to address uncertainty in PV generation, the proposed work builds on established analysis tools. A probabilistic load flow algorithm manages PV generation uncertainties, utilizing historical data for contingency incidence uncertainty. Additionally, a probabilistic model for PV plants integrates historical solar data, deriving hourly probability density functions to meet grid code requirements, including reactive power considerations. The justification for this work lies in the algorithm's demonstrated efficacy, validated on the IEEE 14-bus network. Results highlight its ability to identify risks associated with line overloading and bus voltage breaches. Comparative evaluations underscore proper coupling buses for security, favoring distributed capacity to mitigate line overloading risks. The study's key results emphasize voltage risk amplification with reactive power omission, stressing the significance of compensation strategies. This research addresses a critical problem, presenting a comprehensive algorithmic solution to enhance grid security amidst uncertainties in PV integration. Findings offer valuable insights for strategically interaction between large scale PV plants and electrical grid, contributing to an improved grid security paradigm in a dynamic and uncertain energy model.
A comprehensive study of the shielding ability from ionizing radiation of different mortars using iron filings and bismuth oxide
Authors: Al-Saleh Wafa M. , Elsafi Mohamed , Almutairi Haifa M. , Nabil Islam M. , El-Nahal M. A.
Published: May 2024

The current work discusses the radiation attenuation capability and different shielding characteristics of different mortar samples. The samples were prepared by replacing different percentages of fine aggregate with iron filling and replacing different percentages of hydrated lime with Bi2O3 (0–50 wt.%). The prepared mortar samples are coded as CHBFX where X = 0, 10, 30, and 50 wt.%. The mass and linear attenuation coefficient was determined experimentally using a narrow beam technique, where a high purity germanium detector, and different point gamma-ray sources (such as Am-241, Cs-137, and Co-60). The linear attenuation coefficient was also calculated using the Monte-Carlo simulation code and the online Phy-X/PSD software. The comparison of the three methods showed a good agreement in the results. The linear attenuation coefficient drops from 19.821 to 0.053 cm−1 for CHBF0, from 27.496 to 0.057 cm−1 for CHBF10, from 42.351 to 0.064 cm−1 for CHBF30, and from 55.068 to 0.071 cm−1 for CHBF50 at photon energy range from 0.015 to 15 MeV. The half-value layer thickness, tenth-value layer thickness, and mean free path of the prepared mortar composites were also calculated photon energy ranged from 0.015 to 15 MeV. The fast neutron removal cross-section of the prepared CHBFX mortar samples have values of 0.096 cm−1, 0.098 cm−1, 0.103 cm−1, and 0.107 cm−1 for the mortar samples CHBF0, CHBF10, CHBF30, and CHBF50, respectively. The results showed that the mortar sample with the highest iron filing concentration, CHBF50, provides the best protection against gamma rays and fast neutrons which could be used in the nuclear and medical fields.
Previous inguinal hernia surgery does not limit the likelihood of choosing prostatectomy as primary prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Ahtinen Mikko , Vironen Jaana , Murtola Teemu J.
Published: May 2024

We evaluated whether previous inguinal hernia repair may affect the choice of prostate carcinoma treatment in a population-based cohort. It has been suggested that previous laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) could limit the subsequent possibility of performing a prostatectomy. Several small studies have suggested otherwise. The study cohort included all new prostate cancer cases in Finland 1998–2015 identified through the Finnish cancer registry. Data on the treatment of prostate cancer and surgical inguinal hernia repairs in 1998–2016 was obtained from the HILMO hospital discharge registry. After linkage, the study cohort included 7206 men. Of these, 5500 had no history of inguinal hernia, 1463 had an open hernia repair, and 193 had a minimally invasive repair (LIHR). Compared to men with no history of hernia repair, those with previous hernia repairs were more likely to undergo prostatectomy over radiation therapy as the primary treatment for prostate cancer HR 1.34 (CI 95% 1.19–1.52). The association did not depend on the method of hernia repair, HR 1.58 (CI 95% 1.15–2.18), in men with previous LIHR. The increased likelihood of choosing prostatectomy over radiation therapy concerns all type prostatectomies. Previous hernia repair is not a limiting factor when choosing treatment for prostate cancer.
Resilience of quantum spin fluctuations against Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Mahdavifar Saeed , Salehpour Mahboubeh , Cheraghi Hadi , Afrousheh Kourosh
Published: May 2024

In low-dimensional systems, the lack of structural inversion symmetry combined with the spin-orbit coupling gives rise to an anisotropic antisymmetric superexchange known as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Various features have been reported due to the presence of DMIs in quantum systems. We here study the one-dimensional spin-1/2 transverse field XY chains with a DMI at zero temperature. Our focus is on the quantum fluctuations of the spins measured by the spin squeezing and the entanglement entropy. We find that these fluctuations are resistant to the effect of the DMI in the system. This resistance will fail as soon as the system is placed in the chiral phase where its state behaves as a squeezed state, suggesting the merit of the chiral phase to be used for quantum metrology. Remarkably, we prove that the central charge vanishes on the critical lines between gapless chiral and ferromagnetic/paramagnetic phases where there is no critical scaling versus the system size for the spin squeezing parameter. Our phenomenal results provide a further understanding of the effects of the DMIs in the many-body quantum systems which may be testable in experiments.
Relativistic analysis of the Michelson-Gale experimental result
Authors: Choi Yang-Ho
Published: May 2024

The result of the Michelson-Gale experiment, which shows fringe shifts by the interference between two light beams traversing a rectangular loop in opposite directions, has been nonrelativistically analyzed based on the Galilean transformation. We relativistically analyze it via the transformation under the constant light speed (TCL) and via the framework of Mansouri and Sexl (MS). The TCL provides a coordinate transformation between the isotropic frame and a rotating frame, in which the two-way speed of light is a constant c irrespective of direction on the surface that has the same radius of rotation. When using TCL, we assume that the Solar System is isotropic so that the one-way speed of light is c in it. On the contrary, considering its movement, the analysis is carried out without the assumption of isotropy based on the MS framework. The analysis results via the TCL and via the MS framework correspond to each other and are in agreement with the result of the experiment. It is shown that the difference between the travel times of the counter-propagating light beams, which results in the fringe shift, takes place due to the two factors, the anisotropy of the one-way speed of light in inertial frames and the different rotation radii at different latitudes on the Earth surface.
Soil column-experimental research on the migration pattern of petroleum pollutant in the soil
Authors: Zhang Bo , Feng Meiyi , Du Chao , Guo Yuanhao
Published: May 2024

In the process of oilfield exploitation and production, harmful pollutants, such as Crude oil that falls to the ground (generally refers to crude oil that leaks to the ground during oil production or transportation), production wastewater and oil-bearing mud are produced. In this contribution, the soil and crude oil from Daqing area are adopted as experimental materials to make a soil column-experimental device. The results show that the maximum migration depth of petroleum pollutants is 25 cm, most of the pollutants exist above 10 cm. The components of pollutants in disturbed soil column are complex, and the peak area of each component is large, mainly distributed in C12–C28, while in undisturbed soil column, the content of pollutants is small, and the peak area of each component is also small, mainly distributed in C12–C22. With the increase of depth, the relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons increases. The migration ability of low carbon component is weaker than the other components in crude oil. The components with high carbon number are significantly higher in shallow part. The relative contents of each component from high to low are saturates, aromatic hydrocarbons, resin and asphaltene in the soil. Compared with disturbed soil columns, the structure of undisturbed soil is complex, and the migration rate of pollutants in undisturbed soil is slower than that in disturbed soil. With the increase of depth, the light components of disturbed soil columns gradually decrease, and the relative content of heavy components changes little. The light components of the undisturbed soil column also gradually decreased, and the heavy components greater than C22 did not migrate to the depth of the soil column.
The mediating effect of health behaviors on the association between job strain and mental health outcome: a national survey of police officers
Authors: Lin Ping-Yi , Tseng Pochang , Liang Wen-Miin , Lin Wen-Yu , Cheng Yen-Po , Kuo Hsien-Wen
Published: May 2024

Police officers often face emotionally challenging interpersonal situations and numerous studies have demonstrated that policing is a stressful occupation. A study revealed a significant positive correlation between emotional demands among police officers and emotional dissonance, as well as burnout. Health-promoting behaviors can contribute to better overall health outcomes and reduce the risk of developing health problems, but there is limited research evaluating the association of job strain and health behaviors with mental health outcomes in police officers. The objective of this study was to assess the job strain associated with mental health mediated by health behaviors in Taiwanese police officers. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in Oct 2016. A total of 41,871 police officers (response rate was 79.7%) participated questionnaire that consisted of demographic information, job characteristics, health behaviors, and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the Short-Form Health Survey. Independent t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) were conducted to assess the differences in mean MCS scores across various demographics, health behavior, and job characteristics. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between job strain and health behaviors with mental health outcomes. MCS scores were associated with job characteristics and health behaviors among police officers except for gender. After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis indicated that police officers with high job demands and high job strain index exhibited poor MCS scores. Job strain was significantly associated with MCS mediated by health behaviors (consumption of fruits and vegetables, and physical activity) in Taiwanese police officers. Since regular physical activity and increased vegetable and fruit consumption might alleviate the effects of job strain on mental health status, it is recommended that institutional policies be established to promote health-enhancing behaviors among police officers.
Multi-stage development process and model of steam chamber for SAGD production in a heavy oil reservoir with an interlayer
Authors: Nie Ren-Shi , Jiang Qingqiang , Wang Yimin , Liu Jingcheng , Zhan Jie , Zhang Letian , Li Yuanguang , Shen Guotao , Xu Minghang
Published: May 2024

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an efficient thermal recovery technique for oil sands and extra heavy oil exploitation. The development of steam chamber goes through multi-stage physical processes for SAGD production in a heavy oil reservoir with an interlayer. In this study, considering the situation that an interlayer is located directly above a pair of horizontal wells, we analyzed the whole process of steam chamber development. We divided the whole process into stages I–V, which are the first rising stage, the first lateral expansion stage, the second rising stage, the second lateral expansion stage and the confinement stage, respectively. Particularly, we further divided stage II into 2 periods and stage IV into 3 periods. These stages and periods can help us understand the development process of steam chamber dominated by an interlayer more profoundly. Based on the divided stages and periods, we established different models of SAGD production by assuming different geometric shapes of steam chamber in different stages and periods. Oval shape was assumed in stages I and III, and inverse triangle shape was hypothesized in stages II, IV and V. The formulas of the front distance of steam chamber and the oil production rate of SAGD were deduced from the established models for different development stages. At the end, we performed two example applications to SAGD production in heavy oil reservoirs with an interlayer. The real oil production rates were matched very well with the theoretical oil production rates calculated by the deduced formulas, which implies the multi-stage development model of steam chamber is of reliability and utility.
Factors associated with compliance with weekly iron and folic acid supplementation among school adolescent girls in Debub Achefer district, northwest Ethiopia: school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Haile Bisrat , Oumer Abdu , Negese Tarkegn , Temesgen Mesfin , Kebede Aweke , Abdurahman Dureti , Motuma Aboma , Roba Kedir Teji
Published: May 2024

Iron deficiency anemia is a public health problem among adolescents that could be addressed by weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation (IFAS). The Ethiopian government piloted weekly IFAS in schools, where its effectiveness depends on compliance. We assessed the determinants of compliance with the weekly IFAS in Ethiopia. A school-based survey was conducted in 506 adolescent girls on weekly IFAS. Compliance was considered when girls reported WIFAS for at least three months without discontinuation. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were modeled, with odds ratios reported. Out of 506, 25.8% had limited access to educational resources, and 79.4% had no information on IFAS. Among these, 47.9% (95% CI: 45.5–49.9%) had poor compliance with weekly IFAS. Non-compliance was mainly due to school absenteeism (55.9%). Important predictors of poor compliance were adolescent girls’ marital status (AOR = 5.21; 1.55–17.6), academic standing (AOR = 4.37; 2.20–8.70), family income (AOR = 1.85; 1.09–3.15), access to health education materials (AOR = 1.57; 1.02–2.40), problems with IFAS (AOR = 2.44; 1.26–4.74), a discouraging home environment for the program (AOR = 2.27; 1.54–3.34), and a lack of knowledge of the IFAS program (AOR = 1.40; 0.97–2.03). Compliance with weekly IFAS is optimal, which could be improved via strong adherence support and feasible supplementation schedules.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterodera ripae, a new record cyst nematode in the rhizosphere soil of Fagopyrum esculentum
Authors: Yang Zaifu , Zhang Hui , Jiang Zhaochun , Wu Yan , Liu Mingrui
Published: May 2024

Numerous plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) have the potential to inflict considerable damage on agricultural crops. Through a comprehensive survey aimed at identifying PPNs affecting crops, cyst nematodes were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Employing both molecular and morphological techniques, this cyst nematode was conclusively identified as Heterodera ripae. Notably, this represents the first documented occurrence of this particular cyst nematode species within the rhizosphere soil of F. esculentum.
Achieving high-capacity aqueous supercapacitors via anion-doped construction of dual redox centers in NixCo1−xSeO3
Authors: Li Tao , Song Jinyue , Fan Hongguang , Wang Yanpeng , Luo Yusheng , Shao Chenchen , Li Qingping , Liu Wei
Published: May 2024

In asymmetric supercapacitors, transition metal selenates are promising electrodes, but their capacity is limited by a single redox center.
One touch is all it takes: the supramolecular interaction between ubiquitin and lanthanide complexes revisited by paramagnetic NMR and molecular dynamics
Authors: Dos Santos Karen , Bartocci Alessio , Gillet Natacha , Denis-Quanquin Sandrine , Roux Amandine , Lin Eugene , Xu Zeren , Finizola Raphael , Chedozeau Pauline , Chen Xi , Caradeuc Cédric , Baudin Mathieu , Bertho Gildas , Riobé François , Maury Olivier , Dumont Elise , Giraud Nicolas
Published: May 2024

We study the supramolecular interaction between ubiquitin and lanthanide complexes by paramagnetic NMR and molecular dynamics. Our observations shed new light on the dynamic interaction processes between these complexes and the surface of the protein.
Ultrafast hydrogen production in boron/oxygen-codoped graphitic carbon nitride revealed by nonadiabatic dynamics simulations
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Wu Rongliang , Li Wei , Wen Jin
Published: May 2024

The water splitting mechanisms in B/O co-doped heptazine differ from pure heptazine: one involves the direct photodetachment of hydrogen atoms from the water molecule, while the other includes proton transfer within the hydrogen-bonded network.
Electrochemical strategies for NaX-mediated hydrolysis and alcoholysis of hydrosilanes under mild conditions
Authors: Fu Zhengjiang , Xiao Fei , Yin Jian , Tong Fei , Guo Shengmei , Cai Hu
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical approaches for NaCl-mediated hydrolysis and NaBr-promoted alcoholysis of hydrosilanes have been well established with satisfied yields under mild conditions.
Elasto-plastic effects on shape-shifting electron-beam-patterned gel-based micro-helices
Authors: Wu Xinpei , Teng Feiyue , Firlar Emre , Zhang Teng , Libera Matthew
Published: May 2024

Gel-based polyelectrolyte micro-rods undergo both elastic and plastic deformation that drive pH-responsive changes in shape-shifting helical properties.
Mesoporous ceria-supported vanadia catalysts for selective aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene
Authors: Nazeer Silligandla , Sitaramulu Palli , Yogendra Kamma , Dalal Shivani , Kumar Palnati Manoj , Sreedhar Bojja , Reddy Benjaram M. , Rao Tumula Venkateshwar
Published: May 2024

A series of mesoporous ceria-supported vanadium oxide catalysts were prepared and explored for aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone without the involvement of any solvent or additive.
LaVO4 with alkali metal doping for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Yan Linjie , Zhang Fan , Liu Fan , Lei Xiaoyi , Liu Xuecheng , Jin Xia , Zhu Xiaole , Pei Tingting , Chen Hongyu
Published: May 2024

The photocatalytic water-splitting activity of Na–LaVO4 is enhanced due to the extended visible-light response and improved charge separation.
A Au nanoparticle anchored stannatranone-pillared MOF as a duo-active electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Rohilla Jyoti , Thakur Sahil , Kumar Keshav , Singh Raghubir , Kaur Varinder
Published: May 2024

The design and construction of a duo-active electrocatalyst with effective performance and enhanced stability for overall water splitting.
Visible-light-promoted synthesis of α,α-difluoro-β-keto-thio(seleno)ethers from thio(seleno)sulfonates and difluoroenoxysilanes
Authors: Yao Shuang , Wang Fei , Chen Ying , Rao Weidong , Shen Shu-Su , Sheng Daopeng , Wang Shun-Yi
Published: May 2024

A visible light-promoted strategy for arylthiodifluoromethylation of thiosulfonates and difluoroenoxysilanes has been developed.
Factors shaping the choice in chemistry: insights from undergraduate students within a societal context
Authors: Avargil Shirly , Sterimbaum Greta , Dahley-Zoabi Hafeeza
Published: May 2024

There is a decline in recent years in the number of students studying chemistry in higher education. Many studies have been conducted on elementary and high school students' choice with fewer focusing on the factors that influence undergraduate students to choose to major in chemistry. Research also indicates that belonging to a minority group influences the choice of pursuing science. Despite a higher percentage of Israeli Arab students studying chemistry in high school compared to Israeli Jewish students, the percentage of those who continue to study chemistry in higher education is small. They also lack sufficient representation in academia and industry. Analyzing the similarities and differences in the perceptions of Israeli Jewish and Arab students may shed light on the societal aspect and its role in shaping chemistry participation. This led us to ask the following questions concerning undergraduate chemistry students: (1) What are the factors that influence undergraduate chemistry students to choose a chemistry career? (2) What are the differences between Jewish and Arab undergraduate chemistry students in choosing chemistry career, if any? (3) How do the factors that influence chemistry career choice correlate, if at all? Guided by the social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we used quantitative and qualitative methods to identify and analyze factors and categories. These factors and categories were related to personal and environmental themes and influenced third-year chemistry undergraduate students to choose a chemistry career. 117 third-year undergraduate chemistry students took part in this research. The findings indicate that there are six major factors in choosing a career in chemistry by undergraduate students, which are divided into two themes, a personal theme, and an environmental theme. Our study shows that ‘self-efficacy – scientific/chemistry learning’ is secondary to students’ desire to complete an academic degree. The influence of their friends and family and extrinsic motivation related to rewards/status/prestige are more influential as well. When exploring differences between Israeli Jewish and Israeli Arab societies, our findings revealed variations in the factors influencing career choices. Our findings have practical implications for educational institutions aiming to foster a diverse and inclusive learning environment in chemistry education.
Electrochemical performance of a Li+-enriched metallohydrogel as an electrolyte and electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Yeeshu , Mukherjee Moupia , Dixit Manish Kumar , Kalam Abul , Dubey Mrigendra
Published: May 2024

Li+-enriched metallohydrogel has been utilized as electrolyte and electrode material in supercapacitor applications.
Damage Intensity of Pod Borer Attack on Seven Soybean Cultivars on Mahogany and Pine Agroforestry
Authors: Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono , Wijayanti Retno , Triyana Hesti , Turkadze Tsitsino
Published: May 2024

The attacks of pod borer were found in soybean fields in mahogany and pine agroforestry systems. Evaluate the damage intensity of of pod borer attack on seven soybean cultivars and how it affects the yields. The research was conducted from June to September 2023 at Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK) Alas Bromo, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. In this research, seven different soybean cultivars were used. These cultivars are Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Dena-1, Dena-2, Denasa-1, Denasa-2, and Devon-1. The research showed that the intensity of attack between cultivars in the pine and mahogany agroforestry systems differed. The intensity of damage to pods and seeds in the pine agroforestry system was higher than in the mahogany agroforestry system. In the pine agroforestry system, Dena-2 is the cultivar with the lowest intensity of pod and seed damage but is still classified as vulnerable. Moreover, Anjasmoro is highly susceptible to assaults by pod borers. Dena-2 is the most susceptible cultivar in the mahogany agroforestry system, exhibiting the highest level of pod damage. Devon-1 is a relatively resistant cultivar with the lowest degree of pod and seed damage simultaneously.
Evaluation Additional of Synbiotic Powder in Feed to Improve Milk Production and Quality of Dairy Cattle
Authors: Prihartini Indah , Ismail Akhis Soleh , Khotimah Khusnul , Wedyan Mohammed Ali , Mariyam Dewi , Hidayat Asmah
Published: May 2024

Lignochlitic bacteria have a high ability to degrade complex and synthetic organic compounds. Lignochrolitic bacteria-based probiotics can improve gas production, digestibility of organic matter, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, production of NH3 and VFA in vitro. The purpose of the study is the optimization and testing of the synbiotic potential of lignochloritic bacteria–based powder in vivo. The research was conducted in collaboration with PT. Agro Gemilang Indonesia for synbiotic production, PT. Milkindo Berkah Abadi for in vivo test in dairy cows. The test variables include nutritional performance, production and quality of dairy cow’s milk given synbiotic powder to the feed. The synbiotic formula used is the best result on in vitro testing.
Transformation Conventional Fishing Vessels 30 GT to Hybrid (Diesel-PV) System to Reduce Fuel Oil Consumption and Exhaust Emissions
Authors: Irvana Rizky , Abdullah Kamaruddin , Uyun Aep Saepul , Anne Olga
Published: May 2024

The dependence of the fishermen on the use of fossil fuels is still very high at and has not decreased until now. The increased price of fuel and reduced availability of fossil fuels makes fishermen struggling in their fishing activities. IMO (International Maritime Organization) noted that around 277 × 106 of fuel are consumed by ships with fossil fuels. According to an emission study conducted by IMO in 2012, 961 × 106 of CO2 accounting for 2.5 % of total global emissions. This study aims to reduce exhaust emissions by vessel from fossil fuels by making the ship into a hybrid (Diesel-Pv). By making the ship a hybrid with solar panels, it will save fuel consumption. The trozzi method approach is used to evaluate the exhaust emissions. The results obtained from changing the configuration to a hybrid, the emission that is issued can be reduced by around 57 % and save the fuel 19.6 %.
Utilizing the Heat Waste from Biomass Power Generation to Reduce the Moisture Content of Woodchips
Authors: Martoyoedo Satryo , Nur Syukri Muhammad , Uyun Aep Saepul , Suherman Suherman , Zekker Ivar , Burlakovs Juris , Mikail Barry
Published: May 2024

This paper is to study the drying method to reduce the moisture content (MC) of the woodchip. The methods used are to utilize the heat from solar and waste heat from the Biomass Power Plant (BioPP). By using a 250 °C heat waste from the BioPP, and stirring on the woodchip inside the drying equipment, the results obtained to reduce the MC from more than 40 % to MC around 20 % will take 2 h and 4 h faster than that which was not done on woodchips. Reducing MC from 40 % to 20 % will save 25.44 % on the woodchip consumption for combustion in the boiler of the BioPP. An analysis related to MC, CV, and woodchip consumption in generating electricity is also carried out. When MC is 26.70 %, the CV is 13.5 GJ T-1, and the woodchip consumption becomes 4.62 T h-1 and 1.31 T MWh-1, the energy produced is 764.7 kWh T-1. When the MC is higher, 47.68 %, causing the CV to become 9.8 GJ T-1, it is found that the consumption of the woodchips becomes 6.41 T h-1 and 1.81 T MWh-1, the energy produced is 551.3 kWh T-1.
Azolla for Water and Land Phytoremediation Against Heavy Metals: A Mini Review
Authors: Lestari Sri Utami , Roeswitawati Dyah , Setyobudi Roy Hendroko , Soni Peeyush , Syafrani Syafrani , Maftuchah Maftuchah , Suhesti Eni , Putri Asgami , Savitri Evika Sandi , Basyaruddin Muhammad , Pakarti Trias Agung
Published: May 2024

The progressive growth in various industries is followed by products in the form of waste – among them are heavy metal waste such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Zn, and Cu. The substances are often found in the form of pesticide, heavy metal, and radioactive remains, which can degrade water and land through industrial waste discharge. Wastewater management to meet the quality standard as detailed in the Decree of the Ministry of Environmental Affairs and Forestry – Republic of Indonesia prior to discharge is a must. Azolla can eradicate heavy metal pollutants thanks to its heavy metal hyperaccumulating ability, allowing it to decontaminate industrial waste, water reservoir, and any water bodies. While Azolla sp. fits for absorbing aforementioned non-essential heavy metal, its employment for controlling iron (Fe) as an essential substance is proven beneficial. In newlyopened rice fields where Fe poisoning frequently occurs due to oxidation-reduction process, rice growth and production is badly affected – applying azolla should not only bioremediate field water, but also contribute organic biomass as well as supply nitrogen while, at the same time, serve as antibiotics to support good rice yield.
Effect Solvent and Extraction Method on the Characteristics of Green Bean Robusta Coffee
Authors: Winarsih Sri , Sukardi Sukardi , Wachid Mochammad , Ismayawati Ayu Diawi
Published: May 2024

One of the chemical elements found in coffee is caffeine, which is the second-largest secondary metabolite after chlorogenic acid. Robusta coffee has a higher caffeine content than Arabica. Low-caffeine coffee is an alternative choice for people who are aware to negative effects of caffeine. Process caffeine reduction was carried out in this reseerach by using the maceration method, soxhletation and microwave exposure with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water as solvents. Soxhletationee caffeine content was originally 2.2 % after caffeine was extracted using the soxhletation method using 15 % ethyl acetate solvent, coffee caffeine content was 0.87 %, antioxidant activity (IC 50) was 1 867 mg L-1, total flavonoids were 420.3 mg L-1, lightness 45.7, redness is 2.3 and yellowness 10. The reduction of caffeine content in coffee beans is influenced by the method and duration of extraction as well as the solvent used to dissolve the caffeine.
Optimization of Potato Cuttings of Granola Kembang Cultivars with the Application of Auxin and Paclobutrazol for Tuber Production
Authors: Husen Syarif , Purnomo Agus Eko , Wedyan Mohammed Ali , Susilowati Endang , Nurfitriani Rizka
Published: May 2024

Every year the need for potatoes continues to increase, both for the industry as processed potatoes and vegetable potatoes. One of the important things in potato cultivation is the use of potato seeds, quality seeds are the key to potato crop productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of different auxin and paclobutrazol on the growth of cuttings and the production of potato tubers (tubers for seeds). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors, namely the concentration of auxin (Rootone F) with three levels and the concentration of paclobutrazol (three levels), and repeated three times. The results showed that additional treatments were able to inhibit plant height at 42 DAP (Day After Planting). The concentration of 200 mg L-1 auxin and 100 mg L-1 Paclobutrazol were more effective on tuber production. The combination of 200 mg L-1 auxin and 100 mg L-1 Paclobutrazol treatment resulted in an average number of tubers 12 tubers per plant and tuber classification based on tuber weight obtained an average number of bulbs grade S 6.83, grade M 2.33, and grade L 0.5.
Characteristics of Edible Film Based on Okra Slime with the Addition of Amylum Maydis and Glycerol
Authors: Warkoyo Warkoyo , Siskawardani Devi Dwi , Sukardi Sukardi , Damat Damat , Zekker Ivar , Safitri Ratri Juwita
Published: May 2024

Edible film from polysaccharides has the advantages of aesthetic appearance, oxygen barrier and reduced respiration rate in fruits and vegetables. Okra slime has potential as a stabilizing agent, thickener, and binding agent. While amylum maydis from corn starch contains 27 % amylose and its suitable for edible film, however, it is brittle and rigid. For this reason, formulations with polyol compounds such as glycerol with hydrophilic and hygroscopic characteristics are very useful. This study aims to determine the interaction between amylum maydis and glycerol concentration on the physical characteristics of edible okra slime film. Randomized block design of factorial with two factors and three replication was applied. The first factor was the concentration of amylum maydis [2 %; 2.7 %; 3.3 % (w v–1)]. The second factor was glycerol concentrations [1 %; 1.3 %; 1.7 % (w v–1)]. The results showed that an interaction between amylum maydis and glycerol concentration on solubility and transparency. The concentration of amylum maydis separately significantly affected thickness, solubility, transparency, tensile strength, and elongation. While the concentration of glycerol separately had a significant effect on solubility and transparency tests. The best treatment was P2F3 (amylum maydis 2.7 % and glycerol 1.7 %).
Characteristics of Edible Film Elephant Foot Yam Starch with Calcium Carbonate as Cross–Linking Agent
Authors: Warkoyo Warkoyo , Ruskamila Wildan , Wachid Mochammad , Zekker Ivar , Siskawardani Devi Dwi
Published: May 2024

Edible film is needed as solution to reduce plastic waste. The elephant foot yam is tubers that are difficult to process because it causes itching, but it has amylose 24.5 %. The disadvantages of starch edible films are its hydrophilic, brittle, and high permeability, to improve adding CaCO3. This study aimed to determine the effect of elephant foot yam starch and CaCO3 to edible film characteristics. Randomized complete block design factorial was applied, the first factor was the concentration of starch [3 %, 4 %, 5 % (w v–1)] and the second factor was concentration of CaCO3 [0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 % (w v–1)]. The interaction was very significant (( 0.01) on tensile strength, solubility, and Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR), while in thickness was a significant (t 0.05). The starch had a very significant effect on thickness, tensile strength, solubility and WVTR. The CaCO3 had very significant effect on transparency, solubility and WVTR, while thickness and tensile strength (0.05). The best treatment was starch 3 % with CaCO3 0.2 % with thickness 0.086 mm, elongation 26.73 %, tensile strength 0.064 MPa, transparency 2.85 A mm–1, solubility 47.47 % and WVTR 23.8 g m2(–1) d–1.