bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Troubled Times in Russia in the Early 17th and Early 20th Centuries: Nature and Lessons” International Scientific Conference (October 12–13, 2018, Volgograd)
Authors: Kleitman Alexander
Published: April 2019

The article presents the analytical review of “Troubled Times in Russia in the Early 17th and Early 20th Centuries: Nature and Lessons” conference, dedicated to the jubilee of I.O. Tumentsev, which was held in Volgograd in October 2018. The aims of the conference were to conduct a comparative study of the two turning points in the history of the Russian state and society, to identify the patterns of systemic sociopolitical crises emergence and occurrence, to determine causes, factors, directions and boundaries of socio-cultural, economic and political changes that took place in Russia during the Time of Troubles of the early 17th century and the revolution and Civil War of 1917–1922. The conference takes an opportunity to analyze a wide circle of issues related to internal and external factors of the appearance of the Troubled Times in Russia, the specifics of social elevators functioning in the conditions of the system social crisis, the interaction between the elite and ordinary people in revolutionary times, the transformation of the state apparatus and service in the Time of Troubles, and the role of the Russian Orthodox Church at crucial moments in the Russian history. Scientists from Russia, England, Hungary, Italy, Poland, and the USA: historians, political scientists, economists, leading experts in these fields attended the conference. The article describes the content of the reports that were presented at the conference, analyzes the course of discussions, and presents the decisions that were made based on the results of its work. The scientific results obtained during the conference can be used in research on the history of Russia in the 17th and 20th centuries, the history of the national state and law, and in the analysis of contemporary social and political phenomena and processes.
Documents of the Russian Archive of Jan Piotr Sapieha: Findings of 2013–2018
Authors: Tyumentsev Igor , Tupikova Nataliya , Tyumentseva Nina
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The authors analyze previously unknown forty documents from the Archive of Jan Sapieha of 1608–1611 discovered over the last five years. The authors apply the following Methods: Russian and Polish Archeography, Historical Source Studies, Paleography and Linguistic Source of Studies. The new materials significantly fill in the earlier revealed “gaps” in archival fund previously reconstructed on the basis of preserved and published data on the events of the Time of Troubles. The necessity of looking for new data is determined by the demand for further exploration of one of the most important periods in the history of Russia. Introduction of revealed new documents to the scientific discourse enables us to examine previously known events from new perspectives reflecting confrontation of different political forces, to correlate the newly-appeared facts, to clear up the process of converting Russian population to Cossacks by means of robbing the populace (zemshchina) on the territories under “Tushino Regime”, to detail the circumstances of the beginning of the first militia, systematize the information about the state of peasants and orders reigning in Cossack Regiments of Tushino forces as well as in governing bodies of local administration (office environment), to reveal the sources of popular unrests in occupied Moscow, to show social and class, family and household problems of Russian people on the lands occupied by outlanders. The research performed resulted in many-faceted characteristics of the documents that significantly extend the informative value of the reconstructed archive giving new opportunities for scientific research of events of the Time of Troubles. I.O. Tyumentsev read, systematized the documents, gave description of documents from the perspective of Archeography and Source Studies. N.A. Tupikova read and interpreted the content of the texts as well as translated from Polish and commented the documents. N.E. Tyumentseva read the documents translated from Latin and commented fragments written in Latin.
Fortress Cities of the Russian Black Earth Region in 1604–1618: Overcoming the Civil War
Authors: Glaziev Vladimir
Published: April 2019

The article concerns the premises and the course of the Civil War (the Time of Troubles) in the Russian Black Earth Region. Fortress cities “na Pole” [in the field] were founded in the late 16th century. The major part of the regional population were service-class people who were not as wealthy as serviceclass people from central uyezds. Introducing a work-off servitude caused their defection to False Dimitry. Fortress cities “na Pole” supported the movement under I. Bolotnikov’s and False Dimitry II’s command. In 1611-1612 the Black Earth Region cities didn’t seem to recognize Vladislav as a Russian tsar. A holistic analysis of the events of 1604-1618 in the fortified cities “na Pole” was not undertaken.

Methods and materials. The main sources for writing the article are the record keeping materials of Posolsky, Discharge, Local Prikazes, Voronezh Mandative House. The scientific principles on which the study is based include the principles of historicism and objectivity. The author uses general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, the historical-genetic method, the systematic approach allowing to consider the events of political, economic, social history in their interrelation.

Analysis and Results. The article deals with the facets of the Civil War overcoming in the area of the Russian Black Earth Region. In the context of interreign and new tsar’s reign people’s self-organization expressed in creating provincial (“guba”) administrations, signing “Consolidated Charta” (“Utverzhdennaya Gramota”) by Black Earth Region city representatives on the election of Mikhail Romanov was extremely significant. In the fight against I. Zarutsky’s detachments most service-class people supported Mikhail Romanov, but some representatives of local Cossaks acted for the ataman. After 1613, settling the Black Earth Region area and uezd formation continued. Just at the Time of Troubles voivodes were appointed in those uezds where they owned land that can be traced in Voronezh cadastres. At the Time of Troubles final stage in 1617-1618 there happened an aggravation of military struggle in the Black Earth Region that was connected with the attacks of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth detachments. After 1618, social peacekeeping, restoring economy and defense system against Nogais and Crimean tribes were the main objectives for Black Earth Region authorities and society.
Problems of training specialists in the field of transport construction and ways to solve them
Authors: Ovchinnikov Ilya , Ovchinnikov Igor
Published: April 2019

It is noted that not only university teachers, but also employees and managers of the industry began to pay attention to the problem of training specialists for the transport construction industry. As an epigraph, the words of S. Hoking and L. Mlodinov are cited that … at the present time the progress of science is so fast that at the school or university they always teach slightly outdated knowledge. Further in the article, new trends in the field of transport construction are considered, which led to new problems in this industry, and, most importantly, to problems in training personnel for the industry. It is noted that the design process has become better automated and the prospects for freelancing have opened. The essence of freelancing, its advantages and disadvantages for the freelancer and for the employer is revealed.

It is pointed out that the professional training of engineers in our time has become a competitive environment in which alternative projects, platforms, institutions assert themselves more confidently. And that in our time, in order to succeed in the profession of an engineer, students need to consider that no one will take care of them, except for themselves.

In the new conditions, the main function of a vocational school is to train a specialist for his profession, and not the desire to «teach to think» or «teach to learn», as is often claimed. Employers are usually not very interested in the reasons why the young job seeker does not match the vacancy, and therefore an effective educational system must be adjusted to the needs of the time. If a student cannot receive a service of the appropriate quality in one institution, then he must be able to quickly and effectively finish his studies (or re-learn) in another. This is the healthy competition in the market of educational services in the field of construction engineering.

Further in the article the state of the problem of preparation of qualified specialists – bridges is considered and four possible trajectories of obtaining of bridge education are noted.

The task of creating specialized base departments that would ensure the solution of educational, methodical, scientific, personnel tasks is considered. In conclusion, we briefly review the 12 qualities inherent in all engineers.
Bacteria for self-healing concretes
Authors: Vladimir Erofeev , Salman Dawood Salman Al-Dulaimi , Vacili Smirnov
Published: April 2019

Self-healing concrete is a product in which, with the help of microorganisms, limestone will be produced to fill cracks appearing on the surface of concrete structures. The author presents that specially selected types of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, a calcium-based nutrient known as calcium lactate, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to the ingredients of concrete when mixing it. These self-healing agents can be at rest inside the concrete for up to 200 years. Self-healing materials are a special type of materials that regenerate their strength properties after minor destruction caused to the material during its service life. Self-healing technology is particularly useful in the case of composite materials, as composites have low damage detection capacity and are susceptible to sudden and brittle fracture. Modern artificial materials have excellent mechanical properties. However, they lack the ability to self-repair. Therefore, in case of damage, there is a possibility of loss of mechanical strength, and over time, a gradual loss of functional strength in the absence of human intervention.
Different types of bacteria, along with abiotic factors such as mineralization, pH value of the surrounding area, temperature, availability of nutrients and habitat composition, play a significant role in the deposition of calcium carbonate in a wide range of different media. There are four key factors that determine the MICP process: (i) calcium concentration, (ii) dissolved inorganic carbon concentration, (iii) pH value and (iv) presence of nucleation centers.
Multiplicative effects of the gaps of rationality
Authors: Eremin Vladimir
Published: April 2019

The author examines the negative impact of rationality gaps on the country’s economic development and economic security. The relationship between the gaps of rationality and the mechanism of the investment multiplier is analyzed. The article defines the notion of «the gap of rationality,» three types of the gaps of rationality. The definition of the effects of the multiplier and the accelerator of investment is given. It is indicated that the relationship between the multiplier and the accelerator of investments is complex, fractal in nature. Inside the mechanism of the investment multiplier there are components, both strengthening and weakening its effect.

It is revealed that people with irrational behavior do not realize their irrationality. With the gaps of rationality, people can realize the irrationality of their behavior, but they continue to behave irrationally. The gaps of rationality lie in the fact that the goal is not a sufficient reason for carrying out actions. Decision-making does not automatically mean the appropriate action. Even after making a decision and starting the action, we can not expect that it will automatically end.

The article proves that the multiplicative effect enhances the negative impact of rationality gaps on the economy. Specific directions of this influence are considered depending on the type of the gaps of rationality. For each direction, the negative effect of the multiplier effect generated by the gaps of rationality is described.

As a result of the study, it was concluded that the negative impact of human irrationality on economic processes must be studied in conjunction with the spread of multiplicative effects in the economy.

Keywords: the multiplier of autonomous spending; the accelerator o
An ontology of condition assessment technologies for sewer networks
Authors: Zeb Jehan
Published: April 2019

Ageing infrastructure, budgetary constraints, economic downturns, regulatory requirements, the high level of service requirements and a declining rate of reinvestment require effective asset management of sewer collection systems. Inspection and condition assessment is one of the core and costly elements of effective asset management. The availability of many sophisticated condition assessment technologies and lack of common understanding of them in the municipal environment require formalising the knowledge related to these technologies using an ontological approach to support the development of applications for effective selection of the most appropriate technology for sewer condition assessment. The purpose of this research work is to develop an ontology of condition assessment technologies for sewer networks – Cats_Onto – using the Ontology Web Language following a seven-step methodology. The outcome of this research work is a comprehensive knowledge representation in the form of an ontology that will be used to develop applications (beyond the scope of this paper) for the selection of the most appropriate technology for sewer condition assessment. The knowledge representation is verified using automated built-in reasoners in the Protégé ontology editor and validated by industry experts.
Türkçe ve Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Algıları
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mehmet , TULUMCU Fatih Mehmet , İDİ TULUMCU Feride
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmada Türkçe Öğretmenliği lisans programında
okuyan son sınıf öğrencilerinin ve Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı lisans programında
okuyan ve pedagojik formasyon eğitimi alan öğrencilerin öğretmenlik mesleğine
yönelik algısının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma modeline göre
hazırlanmış bu çalışmada olgubilim (fenomoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmaya, bir devlet üniversitesinde Türkçe Öğretmenliği programının son
sınıfında okuyan Okul Deneyimi ve Öğretmenlik Uygulaması I-II derslerini almış
18 öğrenci ve aynı üniversitede Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı programında son sınıf
öğrencisi olan ve pedagojik formasyon eğitimi alan (Öğretmenlik Uygulaması
dersi almış) 23 öğrenci katılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile
toplanan verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlik
meslek algısının Eğitim Fakültesinde okuyan öğrenciler ve pedagojik formasyon
eğitimi alan öğrenciler arasında çeşitli açılardan farklılıklar taşıdığı
görülmüş; Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bu mesleğe yönelik
algılarının daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Drama Yönteminin Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Masal Yazma Becerilerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Fatih Çetin , TOPÇAM Abdurrahman Baki , SÖNMEZ Muhammet
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı
sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının oluşturmacı yazma ve drama ile hikâye oluşturma
yöntemi kullanılarak yazdıkları masalları değerlendirmektir. Araştırma nicel
araştırma desenlerinden tek gruplu yarı deneysel desen olarak tasarlanmıştır.
Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem
yöntemiyle belirlenmiş, bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 68 sınıf
öğretmeni adayından oluşmaktadır. Uygulama süreci 3 aşamada
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her aşamanın başlangıcında ısınma çalışmalarına yer
verilip ilk aşamada masalın genel özellikleri ve eğitimdeki kullanım yerlerine
değinilmiş, ikinci aşamada farklı yazarlar tarafından oluşturulmuş masallar örnek
olarak incelenmiş, aynı masalın farklı bakış açılarıyla nasıl ele alındığı
hakkında konuşulup katılımcı görüşleri alınarak oturum sonlandırılmıştır. Son
aşamada drama çalışmaları ile masal çalışmaları birlikte ele alınmış ve sınıf
öğretmeni adaylarından özgün masallar yazmaları istenmiştir. Araştırmanın
verileri katılımcıların kendi yazdıkları masallardan oluşmaktadır. Veriler 9
kategoriden oluşan değerlendirme formu yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç
olarak sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının masal hakkında teorik olarak bilgi sahibi
olsalar da uygulama aşamasında yazdıkları masalların yeterli özgünlüğe
ulaşamadığı görülmüştür.
İlkokul (1-4) Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Hikâye Edici Metinlerin Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programındaki Kök Değerler Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖKSÜZ Halil İbrahim , EKEN Neticeyi Tayyibe
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilkokul 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan öyküleyici metinleri Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programındaki kök değerler bakımından incelemektir. Betimsel araştırma niteliğindeki çalışmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyali olan öyküleyici 44 metinde değer ifadesi bulunan cümleler ilgili değer kategorisine dâhil edilmiş, her değerin frekans ve yüzdeleri metinlere göre ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmanın değer kategorilerini oluşturan kök değerler; adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, öz denetim, sabır, saygı, sevgi, sorumluluk, vatanseverlik ve yardımseverliktir (MEB, 2018). Sonuç olarak; ele alınan metinler toplam 1931 cümleden oluşmaktadır ve bu cümlelerin 742’si değer ifade etmektedir. Değer içeren 742 cümlenin toplam cümleye oranı ise %38,42’dir. Bu metinlerde kök değerlerden %31,00 ile sevgi, %14,01 ile yardımseverlik ve %13,34 ile vatanseverlik en sık işlenen değerlerdir. Bunun yanı sıra %1,88 ile adalet, %2,56 ile dürüstlük ve %4,18 ile saygı en az saptanan değerlerdir.
Transfection of construct containing kinetoplastid Blastocrithidia sp. p57 UTR's in Diplonema papillatum using AMAXA Nucleofactor apparatus. v4
Authors: Kaur Binnypreet
Published: April 2019

Transfection of construct containing kinetoplastid Blastocrithidia sp. p57 UTR's in Diplonema papillatum using AMAXA Nucleofactor apparatus.
MORPHOLOGY OF URBAN SPACE: Model of Configuration using Logic of Space (LoS) Theory in densely populated of Bandung City
Authors: Permana Asep Yudi , Susanti Indah , Dewi Nitih Indra Komala , Wijaya Karto
Published: April 2019

A city through the years is always growing and developing along with the development of a variety of urban activities. One of the triggers of the development is the city residents. The increase in population resulted in increasingly high demand for settlement. Moreover, the surge in population also occurred in Bandung city, where one of the changes in the use of space is visible in Taman Hewan Balubur-Tamansari. This area is growing and changing from being a compact place to a solid kampong with an extensive use of space. The purpose of this research basically was to reveal the configuration and the visibility of the changes that occurred as well as examine what factors that caused the occurrence of a change in the use of space function in Taman Hewan Balubur-Tamansari in Bandung. Research used a descriptive approach. As for data collection, this study used questionnaire and analysis with LoS (Logic of Space) theory.This study addressed the thought (value system) of the community based on empirical phenomena in the education area of the settlements that are located in the major cities of Indonesia, which was then analyzed in inductive and qualitative ways. Through a qualitative research method using grounded theory, the study was expected to contribute to the vocabulary knowledge of space theory in addressing the urban density of the urban space as the impact of urbanization and student migration. Moreover, research aimed to enrich the theory about the local cultural values settled in the area of education in major cities of Indonesia, where the findings of the local theory eventually provide the realization that the value spaces for people living in the neighborhoods of the city is not only for quantitative aspects, but also for the concept of the basis theory of spaces in the city. All this time, the architectural space theory is always used to the idea of space based on the theory from the West.
Our City is Our Responsibility: Improving the Quality of Bandung’s City Open Space through Community Participation
Authors: Yosita Lucy - , Busono Rr. Tjahyani , Surasetja R. Irawan , Hartati Rd. Diah Sri
Published: April 2019

This research analysis the usage of various open spaces in Bandung City, and identifies influence of community participation on toward design of open spaces in local area in Bandung. Bandung get 2 times of Adipura Charter Again in 2015, 2016, 2017. The result of analysis indicates City Park as one of central open space in Bandung has been changing in design to be more green, comfortable, and complete with various landscape furniture, and encourage various activities than before. The design of City Park is also impressing to design of several local open spaces as product of PIPPK program, as one of the Mayor of Bandung program to developing Bandung City since 2015-now. Open spaces on local area for example in a village or district, is vary from : court yard, sport field, children playground, and garden as product of community participation. City parks in Bandung is one of the elements that pretty much changed in the last 3 years, in addition to other changes such as : bureaucratic reform, venture capital for the marginalized, and contribution of community by participatory planning, etc. From quantitative analysis the activity value is 93,39%, so it could be conclude that community ’s participation level is good and also the corruption level has been declined. But it is should be needed about increasing allocation for training sector which still on 5,08 % from tottaly fund.
EVALUATION OF PARKING AREA SPORT ACTIVITIES BASE ON LAND USE NEEDS EDUCATION ACTIVITIES SYSTEM
Authors: Akbardin Juang
Published: April 2019

The need for parking space in the land use system for educational activities is needed in line with the growth of vehicle users. Educational areas with a high center of activity really need adequate parking space for ease of accessibility. The center of sports activities in the area of higher education activities requires the ease of using vehicle parking. The system of sports activities in higher education areas with high movement activities requires evaluation of parking space requirements in accordance with the activity system. Analyzing parking space requirements based on system activities is the main objective of this study. Specifically the purpose of the study is based on the analysis of parking duration. The frequency and accumulation of vehicles in the parking area is a characteristic impact of the activity system of sports activities. The analysis method based on parking space units is analyzed based on parking methods with variables that affect vehicle use in the activity system in the sports activity zone. Variables of parking user characteristics are based on survey responses from vehicle users from their activity system. The results showed the existing conditions with 34 units of parking spaces with parking index 1.1764 with the need for parking space of 460 m2. With a system of high activity and vehicle growth, the parking area needs at the prediction of the next 10 years require an area of 59 parking spaces with a parking index of 0.949 with a parking area of 643.89 m2. So that the development of the parking area in the sports zone activity system requires an additional parking area of 183, 89 m2.
Resolved epilepsy: an updated insight
Authors: Gromov S. A. , Sivakova N. A.
Published: April 2019

Classification of epilepsy is of great importance at the stages of rehabilitation when the disease is considered resolved. This is the time to address various aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, compensation and resolution of epilepsy and to decide upon further medical care. Materials and methods. Here we review clinical-neurophysiological, experimentalpsychological, and neuroimaging results of anti-epileptic treatment and its discontinuation in seizure-free patients. We also discuss the adoption of the new international classification of ILAE 2017 in the domestic epileptology and analyze clinical cases of 270 patients with epilepsy who were in control of seizures for up to 8 years. Results. The study revealed the clinical, neuropsychological and neurophysiological signs of epilepsy regression in patients with long-term control of seizures. In 85% of these patients, seizures were under control; in 45% of them, the issue of “resolution of epilepsy” was a matter of discussion. In this regard, we address the timing and indications for the discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs. Conclusion. The prolonged absence of seizures is due to an inhibition of epileptic activity at the neuronal level with a gradual restoration of the antiepileptic system during 3-5 years of seizure-free period; this mechanism is reflected in the new classification. The data obtained in the present study support the decision of the Russian League against Epilepsy to introduce the new classification of epilepsy proposed by ILAE in 2017. The new term “resolved epilepsy” has been adopted for use in patients previously referred to as “practically recovered”.
Pathogenesis of drug resistant epilepsy
Authors: Malyshev S. M. , Alekseeva T. M. , Khachatryan W. A. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: April 2019

Pharmacotherapy is the first-line treatment modality for epilepsy. However, in 20-40% of patients, epilepsy is resistant to pharmacotherapy. These numbers have not changed for decades despite the development and use of antiepileptic drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Drug-resistant epilepsy is now considered a separate pathophysiologic and clinical entity. The existing hypotheses on its pathogenesis could be divided in two groups. Firstly, drug-resistance might be caused by an abnormal pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of antiepileptic drugs as a result of congenital or acquired dysfunction of the transporter or receptor proteins. Secondly, it might be a consequence of inherent features of epilepsy per se, such as the so-called “intrinsic severity” or some disorder of the connectome. Taking into account the complexity of this phenomenon, the issue of drug resistance continues to remain in the focus of the current research efforts.
Postpartum implanon/nexplanon uptake in a tertiary hospital in West Africa
Authors: Asah-Opoku Kwaku , Mumuni Kareem , Ganu Vincent J. , Samba Ali
Published: April 2019

Background: The postpartum period is viewed as an opportune period for uptake of contraception. Ghana has an unmet need for family planning of 30%. This study sought to determine the postpartum Implanon/Nexplanon uptake among women at a tertiary hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study that analysed 391 Implanon/Nexplanon insertions between 2012 and 2015 at the reproductive health and family planning unit at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital.Results: Almost 69% (391/565) of all Implanon/Nexplanon insertions conducted between 2012 and 2015 were conducted in the postpartum period. Out of these postpartum insertions, 2.3% were done in the immediate postpartum period, 27.6% were done during the interval postpartum period and 70.1% were in the delayed postpartum period. Age and implant insertion status (first time ever or continuing) were significant determinants of postpartum Implanon/Nexplanon insertions. Compared to women less than 20 years of age, women in the age group 20-29 and 30-39 were 76% (AOR=0.24, CI=0.62-0.97) and 80% (AOR=0.20, CI=0.05-0.86) respectively less likely to have postpartum Implanon/Nexplanon  insertions done. Continuing users of implant insertions were 45% (AOR=0.55, CI=0.37-0.82) less likely to have post-partum Implanon/Nexplanon insertions done compared to first ever users.Conclusions: There is a high uptake of postpartum Implanon/Nexplanon use among patients who receive implant insertions at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. However immediate postpartum Implanon/Nexplanon insertions are low. There is the need to educate women and couples on the benefits of immediate postpartum implant insertion to avoid rapid repeat pregnancies.
A rare case of McCune Albright syndrome
Authors: Patil Pooja , Banga Siftie-Kaur
Published: April 2019

McCune Albright syndrome is characterized by the clinical triad of precocious puberty, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and café-au-lait pigmentation. Authors reported the case of a 6 years old girl presenting with vaginal bleeding. Investigations showed high serum oestrogen levels, with low FSH and LH levels. Ultrasonography revealed a multiloculated right ovarian cyst. Based on the history and investigations, the patient was diagnosed as a case of precocious puberty. In order to rule out the presence of any ovarian malignancy, tumour markers were sent and found to be within the normal range. A CT pelvis was done which revealed fibrous dysplasia of the pelvic bone. The coexistence of precocious puberty with fibrous dysplasia confirmed the diagnosis of McCune Albright syndrome.
Intrauterine unilateral single inferior accessory renal artery: a case report
Authors: Singh Punya Pratap , Kavita Gahlot
Published: April 2019

In comparison with other organs, variants of blood supply to the kidneys were always at special attention due to end arteries. Anatomic variations in the renal vasculature are common and occurrence is varying in between 25% to 40%. The most common variation is presence of accessory renal arteries. Accessory renal artery generally diagnosed on abdomen angiography studies or cadaveric dissection. Only few studies or case report of intrauterine detection of accessory renal artery are available in printed and online literature. During a dedicated anomaly scan of 23 week foetus, detection of an accessory renal artery on left side entering kidney in inferior pole courses parallel to main renal arteries and arising from abdominal aorta. Knowledge of the possible anatomic variations and anomalies of the renal arteries like accessory renal arteries are necessary for proper surgical management during renal transplantation, abdominal aorta aneurysm repair, different urological procedures and angiographic procedures. As the various type of vascular and non - vascular interventions increase, knowledge of the different type of variations of the renal arteries is necessary for proper surgical management in the different specialties.
A study of various techniques, various suture materials and important factors which determine the healing of gastro intestinal anastomosis
Authors: Kanagala Rajesh , Nallapaneni Viswanath
Published: April 2019

Background: Knowledge of gastro intestinal surgery had developed gradually over centuries with much emphasis placed on suture materials and methods of anastomosis with recent advanced knowledge of gastrointestinal anastomotic healing. Objective was to study various techniques, various suture materials and important factors which determine the healing of gastro intestinal anastomosise.Methods: Resection and anastomosis was carried out in all 36 patients. The patients presented with various pathological conditions of the intestines for which resection and anastomosis was required. Data pertaining to diagnosis, type of surgery performed, and type of bowel like small or large bowel as well as outcome was recorded.Results: The disease was found to be affecting more males than females. 52.8% of the cases were operated as they had intestinal obstruction; 25% of the cases due to malignancy. The leakage was seen in one case (16.7%) that underwent anastomosis of the small bowel using single layered interrupted technique and catgut 2-0 + silk 2-0 suture material. The leakage was also seen in one more case (100%) that underwent anastomosis of the large bowel using single layered continuous technique and Vicryl 2-0 suture material. There was one case of leakage (33.3%) that underwent anastomosis of the large bowel using single layered interrupted technique Silk 2-0 suture material. One more case of leakage (10%) was seen in small bowel to large bowel anastomosis using single layered interrupted technique and Catgut + silk suture material.Conclusions: Single layered intermittent for large bowel and single layered continuous technique for small bowel are preferred techniques for prevention of leak.
Comparative study to establish significance of D-dimer, lipid profile and homocysteine level in cases of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Bendre Mahendra , Chavan Shahaji , Ganesh B. Sree
Published: April 2019

Background: The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship of D-dimer, lipid profile and homocysteine level in deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). The purpose of this study was to assess the value of D-dimer in the detection of early DVT.Methods: A hospital based comparative study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune with 100 patients to compare the level of D-dimer and lipid profile in cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) with healthy controls. The study was carried out with following two groups of 50 patients each: study group       : 50 cases with DVT; control group: 50 healthy controls.Results: The D-Dimer levels was significantly higher in study group as compared to control group (748.44±93.17 vs. 426.06±78.11 ng/ml) and statistically significant as per student t-test (p<0.05). It was observed that total cholesterol (r=0.714; p<0.05), triglyceride (r=0.534; p<0.05), LDL (r=0.662; p<0.05), HDL (r=0.655; p<0.05), homocysteine (r=0.285; p<0.05) and D-dimer (r=0.368; p<0.05) were strongly and directly correlated with DVT.Conclusions: In our study most sensitive test for early diagnosis of DVT is D-dimer as it is considered to be useful as a screening test for DVT in hospitalized patients with acute medical diseases/episodes. D-dimer assay is an important preliminary test to detect deep vein thrombosis in post-operative cases. Its extreme sensitivity and high negative predictive value make it an ideal single test to screen patients suspected of having deep vein thrombosis. A negative test rules out deep vein thrombois and a positive test report needs further investigation for its confirmation. In case of increased lipid profile levels, patients are more prone to develop DVT hence there should be regular screening for DVT.
Review of currently used standardized measures of quality of life after ventral incisional hernia repair: systematic review
Authors: Majeed Talal , Chauhan Mohammad Noor
Published: April 2019

After advancements in surgical and anaesthetics expertise and increased life spans among patients with complex abdominal surgeries, clinicians are left with the next main challenge, to how to improve the quality of life in patients with incisional hernia resulted from previous complex abdominal surgeries. To date there is no consensus over the choice of instrument and time frame for its administration in the literature. The aim of this review was to search for the current literature on measurement of quality of life in patients with ventral incisional hernia repair and to explore how effective each QOL instrument was for measuring impact on quality of life after ventral incisional hernia repair. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines two independent clinicians searched for Mesh and specific terms related to quality of life in patients with ventral incisional hernia. Search was made on PubMed, Embase and other research databases. Trial registries were searched for any published or unpublished trials. Literature search came up with 461 articles. After scanning and removal of duplication, 200 articles were subjected to inclusion and exclusion criterion and 59 articles were selected for qualitative analysis. Different scales for the measurement of quality of life after ventral incisional hernia repair were found. The incidence of incisional hernia itself was found to be the biggest determinant of poor quality of life, regardless of timescale of follow up and type of surgery performed. No single instrument was found to be complete enough to address the wide-ranging health-related quality of life issues in patients after incisional hernia repair.
Ameloblastoma y Fibroma osificante en la misma mandíbula: Presentación de un caso clínico
Authors: Salazar Juan Diego , Carcelén Estefanía , Martínez Fabián
Published: April 2019

El ameloblastoma, así como el fibroma osificante son dos de las lesiones más comunes de los maxilares de origen epitelial, que producen expansión local de los tejidos, ambos pueden aparecer entre la segunda y tercera década de la vida, son agresivas, de crecimiento lento, usualmente asintomáticas, aunque en raras ocasiones puede ser dolorosas, por lo que su diagnóstico clínico temprano es difícil, estas presentan una alta tendencia a la recidiva. Entre las características radiológicas el fibroma osificante se presenta como una imagen mixta bien definida separada del hueso circundante por un halo isodenso, mientras que el ameloblastoma se presenta como una lesión radiolúcida bien circunscrita unilocular o multilocular. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar el caso de un paciente en el cual se presentaron dos lesiones en una misma hemimandíbula.
COMPREENSÃO DE SEXUALIDADE POR HOMENS IDOSOS DE ÁREA RURAL
Authors: Cabral Nidiane Evans Da Silva , Pereira Gleideson Cerqueira dos Santos , Souza Uilma Santos de , Lima Claudia Feio da Maia , Santana George Mariane Soares , Castañeda Raúl Fernando Guerrero
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: compreender o significado de sexualidade para homens idosos de área rural. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, realizada com 23 homens idosos de área rural, com idade entre 60-69 anos. A coleta deu-se por meio do preenchimento de questionário de identificação socioeconômica e saúde, além de entrevista semiestruturada única, individual e no domicílio. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Resultados: a compreensão de sexualidade está intimamente ligada à construção da relação sexual e amorosa, com novas conformações na prática da sexualidade, e a fatores de interferência – idade cronológica e condição de saúde alterada. Conclusão: para os participantes deste estudo aparece com ênfase o significado da sexualidade associada à prática sexual em si, ao ato sexual. Entretanto, há também a compreensão mais subjetiva da sexualidade embasada na afetividade e nas relações amorosas, que inclui sentimentos, carinho, carícias e diálogo conjugal.
Descritores: Sexualidade. Saúde do Homem. Saúde do Idoso. Área Rural. Estratégia de Saúde da Família.
KUZEY KIBRIS’TA OKULÖNCESİ VE İLKOKUL ÖĞRETMENİ YETİŞTİRME SİSTEMİNİN İDEOLOJİK TEMELLERİ: BİR SINIF MÜCADELESİ
Authors: Özder Hasan
Published: April 2019

Bu
araştırmada Kuzey Kıbrıs’taki okul öncesi ve ilkokul öğretmeni yetiştirme
sisteminin ideolojik temelleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaç için yükseköğretim
kurumlarında öğretmen yetiştirme sistemlerinin özellikleri ve öğretmen istihdamı
incelenmiştir. Araştırmada betimsel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Tartışma bölümünde, öğretmen
kimliği, para ile öğretmen olma ve devlet okullarında kaliteli eğitim başlıkları
altında yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, KKTC’de okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirme
sisteminin köklü bir tarihsel geçmişi olduğu; öğretmen adaylarının sıkı bir
eleme sınavı ile ihtiyaca göre seçildiği söylenebilir. Ayrıca, özel
üniversitelere devredilmesi ile öğretmen adaylarının kalitesinin düşeceği ve
sosyo-ekonomik düzeyi düşük öğrencilere niteliksiz eğitim verileceği açıktır.
Evaluation of Immune Response against Leishmaniasis in BALB/c Mice Immunized with Cationic DOTAP/DOPE/CHOL Liposomes Containing Soluble Leishmania major Antigens
Authors: HOJATIZADE Mansure , BADIEE Ali , KHAMESIPOUR Ali , JAAFARI Mahmoud Reza
Published: April 2019

Background: Whole killed Leishmania vaccine reached phase III clinical trials but failed to display significant efficacy in human mainly due to limited Th1 inducer adjuvant. Liposomes consisting of 1, 2-dioleoyl-3trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) bearing an inherent adjuvanticity and 1, 2-dioleoyl-L-α-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) is well known to intensify the efficacy of positively charged liposomes.
Methods: Soluble Leishmania major antigens (SLA) encapsulated in cationic liposomes using lipid film method in 2016). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously (SC), three times in a 2-wk interval, with Lip (DOTAP)-SLA+, Lip (DOTAP/DOPE)-SLA+, Lip (DOTAP/DOPE/CHO)-SLA+, Lip (DOTAP/DOPE/CHO), Lip (DOPE/CHO), SLA or HEPES buffer. At week 2 after the last booster injection, immunized mice have challenged SC in the footpad with L. major parasites. To investigate the rate of protection and the type of immune response generated in mice, lesions development was assessed, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels with the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 isotype were studied to describe the type of generated immune response.
Results: Mice immunized with all liposomal form of SLA showed smaller footpad swelling and lower parasite burden in the spleen and footpad compared to the group of mice received buffer. However, these formulations did not show protection against leishmaniosis because of a generated mixed Th1/Th2 response in mice characterized by high production of IFN-γ and IL4 and a high titer of IgG1 and IgG2a antibody.
Conclusion: Immunization with Lip (DOTAP/DOPE/CHO)-SLA+ was not an appropriate strategy to protect mice against leishmaniosis.
Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis in Children under 14 Years Referring to Laboratories of Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Southeast of Iran
Authors: KHOSHSIMA-SHAHRAKI Mahdi , DABIRZADEH Mansour , AZIZI Hakim , KHEDRI Javad , DJAHED Babak , Asghar NESHAT Ali
Published: April 2019

Background: The aim of the present survey was to assess thr seroepidemiologic and parasitological aspects of Toxocara canis infection in children under 14 yr old.
Methods: Overall, 963 sera were collected from children in the Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Southeast of Iran during the period from Sep 2015 to Jun 2016. IgG antibody against T. canis in the subjects’ sera was evaluated using the commercial ELISA kit.
Results: Anti-Toxocara IgG were detected in the serum of 17 (1.7%) of the participants. In the examined children, the highest presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies was 2.1% (9/418) in 6-10-yr olds, which was higher than other age groups (P<0.05). Anti-Toxocara antibodies were significantly higher in males (2.4% or 12/492) than in females (1.1% or 5/471) (P<0.03). Highest serological prevalence of T. canis occurred in tribes (5.5% or 4/69), followed by rural areas (0.9% or 7/757), while in the urban area it was 0.1% (6/163) (P<0.01). A significant association was seen between the serological prevalence of T. canis and laboratory findings such as eosinophilia (P=0.001) and red blood cell count (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Toxocara infection is high among children living in the poor regions of southeast Iran.
Histopathological and Molecular Evaluation of the Experimen-tally Infected Goats by the Larval Forms of Taenia multiceps
Authors: AMRABADI Omidreza , ORYAN Ahmad , MOAZENI Mohammad , SHARIFIYAZDI Hassan , AKBARI Maryam
Published: April 2019

Background: Introduction of Taenia multiceps and T. gaigeri as two separate species have been recognized mainly on morphological grounds. This experimental study was conducted to test whether cerebral and non-cerebral forms of Coenurus cerebralis belong to one origin or they are originated from two different tape worms.
Methods:  Two groups of dogs were infected with the cerebral and muscular sources of the coenuri cysts. About two months later the eggs were collected from the fecal samples to be used to experimentally infect other healthy goats. Histopathological and molecular evaluation was conducted in two groups of goats that were challenged with T. multiceps eggs obtained from the infected dogs by brain and muscular sources of coenuri cysts in School of Veterinary Medicine of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2015. All aberrant sites of predilection of the metacestode in goats were muscles, heart, diaphragm and lungs. The brain and spinal cord were carefully dissected and examined but the cysts were not found in these locations. In addition, the molecular genetic markers of mitochondrial DNA (CO1 and ND1) were applied to resolve the questionable relationship between T. multiceps and T. gaigeri.
Results: The larval stages of T. multiceps in brain and in other aberrant sites, which showed similar morphological criteria, were monophyletic species.
Conclusion: Therefore, T. gaigeri must be considered taxonomically invalid.
Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Wild Rodents in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China
Authors: WANG XinLei , DONG Ling , ZHANG Li , LV Yan , LI Qian , LI HaiLong
Published: April 2019

Background: Wild rodents are the intermediate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. The distribution of genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild rodents is of importance to understand the transmission of this parasite. This study aimed to genetically characterize T. gondii isolates from wild rodents in Sichuan province, southwestern China in 2013.
Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 g wild rodents’ brain samples. Semi-nested PCR and multilocous PCR-RFLP technology were performed to examine genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates as described previously.
Results: Overall, 181 brain tissues of different wild rodents, including Eothenomys miletus (n=88), Crocidura attenuate (n=9), Rattus rattus sladeni (n=46), Mus musculus Linnaeus (n=6) and R. niviventer (n=32) were tested for T. gondii DNA, respectively. Six of them were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by semi-nested PCR amplification, 4 showed complete genotyping results for all 11 polymorphic loci (SAG1, SAG2, alt. SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2 and Apico) by PCR-RFLP, determined to represent a potential new genotype (http://toxodb.org/toxo/).
Conclusion: These results documented genetic characterization of T. gondii in wild rodents from Sichuan province, and enriched the genetic diversity of T. gondii in China.
Transient Down-Regulation of Nucleoside Transporter 3 Gene Expression as a Drug Target in Leishmania major Using Antisense RNA Technology
Authors: TOHIDI Farideh , KAZEMI Bahram , BANDEHPOUR Mojgan , SHARIFI Iraj , RABIEI Mohammad Reza , SAEDI DEZAKI Ebrahim , BABAEI Zahra
Published: April 2019

Background: This study was aimed to silencing the Nucleoside transporter 3 (NT3) permease nucleobases involved in the salvage pathway of Leishmania in order to disrupt purine nucleotide uptake in the parasite and consequently, destruction of the parasite.
Methods: Overall, 502 bp fragment of the NT3 gene sequence was designed to produce an antisense transcript upon entry of the vector into the parasite. The NT3 construct was transfected into L. major promastigotes and NT3 gene expression was studied in vivo and in vitro conditions.
Results: Relative expression NT3 gene in transgenic Leishmania was decreased in tenth day. The percentages and the number of amastigotes infected macrophages with transgenic L. major were less than infected macrophages with wild-type strain. Our results in two groups of BALB/c female mice (wild-type strain and mutant, n=4 each group) were showed that size and number of ulcers in BALB/c mice infected with transgenic Leishmania promastigotes were less than the BALB/c mice infected with wild-type parasites.
Conclusion: The results indicate the use of antisense RNA reduces of NT3 gene expression in L. major. More studies are required to obtain a new approach for treating Leishmania infection.