bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-mediating designs for equity: making commitments concrete
Authors: Jurow Aachey Susan , Freeman Quinton
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The design narrative details how the authors systematically and concretely adapted the design of afterschool club for children and pre-service teachers to respond to the increasingly explicit racism in US political discourse that fueled Trump’s election and coinciding forms of evading race.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this paper is to present a design narrative focused on tensions around evading race in our after-school program for predominantly Latinx children and White pre-service teachers; how the authors re-mediated the material, ideational and relational resources of the program to address the tension; and the effects of our re-mediation on the adaptation of the program and how this shaped pre-service teachers’ engagement with children’s racialized experiences.

Findings

Re-mediating the design of ideational, relational, and material resources in the afterschool club allowed the designers to address how racial ideologies of color evasiveness limited opportunities for trust and mutual learning between the predominantly White preservice teachers and Latinx children.

Research limitations/implications

The paper describes how concerns with equity emerged and were addressed in a program in a particular place and time for particular people. It offers a systematic view into the inner-workings of designing for equity and why people’s lived experiences, history and social practices around engaging with processes of racialization and power matter for the design of learning.

Practical implications

The design narrative suggests practical implications including the need to develop coursework and practicum experiences that support pre-service teachers’ and educators’ study of how power, enacted through racial ideologies of color evasiveness and other forms of epistemic violence, frames and materially impacts our interactions with children from non-dominant groups.

Social implications

Two social implications from the design narrative include the following: the need to deepen the understandings of the past and present, proud and violent, histories of minoritized communities to organize consequential learning; and the need to recruit more students of color into the programs recognizing that it alone is not adequate for enacting educational justice.

Originality/value

As designers working toward equity, the authors must hold lightly onto their designs, be willing to let go of features that no longer serve the goals and develop new approaches that can help them achieve them. The authors must also attend seriously to the critiques offered by our youth-partners so that they can better support their learning and desires for the future.
(Designing for) learning computational STEM and arts integration in culturally sustaining learning ecologies
Authors: Champion Dionne N. , Tucker-Raymond Eli , Millner Amon , Gravel Brian , Wright Christopher G. , Likely Rasheda , Allen-Handy Ayana , Dandridge Tikyna M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the designed cultural ecology of a hip-hop and computational science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) camp and the ways in which that ecology contributed to culturally sustaining learning experiences for middle school youth. In using the principles of hip-hop as a CSP for design, the authors question how and what practices were supported or emerged and how they became resources for youth engagement in the space.

Design/methodology/approach

The overall methodology was design research. Through interpretive analysis, it uses an example of four Black girls participating in the camp as they build a computer-controlled DJ battle station.

Findings

Through a close examination of youth interactions in the designed environment – looking at their communication, spatial arrangements, choices and uses of materials and tools during collaborative project work – the authors show how a learning ecology, designed based on hip-hop and computational practices and shaped by the history and practices of the dance center where the program was held, provided access to ideational, relational, spatial and material resources that became relevant to learning through computational making. The authors also show how youth engagement in the hip-hop computational making learning ecology allowed practices to emerge that led to expansive learning experiences that redefine what it means to engage in computing.

Research limitations/implications

Implications include how such ecologies might arrange relations of ideas, tools, materials, space and people to support learning and positive identity development.

Originality/value

Supporting culturally sustaining computational STEM pedagogies, the article argues two original points in informal youth learning 1) an expanded definition of computing based on making grammars and the cultural practices of hip-hop, and 2) attention to cultural ecologies in designing and understanding computational STEM learning environments.
Culturally disruptive research: a critical (re)engagement with research processes and teaching practices
Authors: Litts Breanne K. , Tehee Melissa , Jenkins Jennifer , Baggaley Stuart , Isaacs Devon , Hamilton Megan M. , Yan Lili
Published: November 2020

Purpose

As scholars, educators and policymakers recognize the impact of partnership-based research, there is a growing need for more in-depth understanding of how to conduct this work, especially with and in diverse project teams. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical examination of adopting a culturally disruptive approach in a research–practice partnership (RPP) that includes Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, designers and educators who worked together to collaboratively design culturally situated experiences for sixth graders.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a design-based implementation research methodology, data from design and implementation are presented as two case studies to illustrate key findings.

Findings

Leveraging the frame of culturally disruptive pedagogy, key tensions, disruptions, self-discoveries and resulting pedagogical innovations are outlined. While the authors experienced multiple forms of disruptions as researchers, designers and educators, they focused on tracing two powerful cases of how culturally disruptive research directly and immediately resulted in pedagogical innovations. Together the cases illustrate a broader shift toward interdependence that the team experienced over the course of the school year.

Research limitations/implications

A new frame for conducting culturally disruptive research is presented. Both the theoretical application and practical implementation of this frame demonstrate its usefulness in conceptualizing culturally situated research through cultivating an uncomfortable yet generative interdependence.

Practical implications

Findings include examples and strategies for how to practically conduct multi-sector, interdisciplinary research and teaching. Scholars and educators share their stories which illustrate the practical impact of this work.

Originality/value

Critical insights presented in this paper build on and contribute to the growing body of work around RPPs, community-based research and other critical partnership methods.
Postharvest supply chain losses: a state-of-the-art literature review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Priyadarshi Rahul , Routroy Srikanta , Garg Girish Kant
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The literature review of post-harvest supply chain (PHSC) losses is carried out and analyzed in this paper followed by bibliometric analysis of the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature survey is performed across various dimensions such as PHSC losses, PHSC risks and PHSC sustainability (waste management and waste reduction). One hundred thirty research articles during the period of 1989–2020 were considered for the review.

Findings

The PHSC losses have been identified in this literature survey. The calculation and mitigation strategies stated by various researchers in the literature are addressed. The important loss mitigation dynamics are also presented to reduce the PHSC losses and to improve food availability.

Research limitations/implications

The major focus is given on the PHSC of agriculture produces. However, research articles from fish and meat supply chain are excluded as they follow a different perishability curve.

Practical implications

The current work will add value to the agriculture supply chain literature, provide a platform for PHSC losses and provide assistance/guideline toward loss calculation, loss mitigation, improved rural employability, improved rural entrepreneurship and improved revenue generation.

Social implications

The performed research will assist the researchers, entrepreneurs and farmers to understand the current scenario of food wastage at different stages of the supply chain better. It will provide the guidelines for calculation and mitigation of various stated PHSC losses. This study will be helpful to enhance food availability and food security in post-coronavirus crisis.

Originality/value

The paper explores and highlights PHSC loss calculations and mitigation strategies to identify the postharvest loss situation and better utilization of fresh produces.
Improving transport performance in supply networks: effects of (non)overlapping network horizons
Authors: Eriksson Victor , Hulthén Kajsa , Pedersen Ann-Charlott
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the efforts of improving transport performance within the scope of one business relationship are embedded in a transport service triad, which, in turn, is embedded in the wider supply network.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical framing originates from the IMP approach with a specific focus on the concept network horizon, and literature on triads. The study is explorative and applies a qualitative design and a case study approach to illustrate how three actors engage in a change initiative to improve transport performance.

Findings

The paper concludes that it is crucial to get counterparts aware of the importance of expanding and defining their network horizons for a certain change initiative. Interaction among actors is important to create awareness and expand its own as well as others’ network horizons for a certain change. Three generic facets are proposed: overlapping network horizons, partly overlapping network horizons and non-overlapping network horizons.

Practical implications

The framework offers a tool to managers in terms of the concept of network horizon that can help to understand the challenges when dealing with change in supply networks and to understand where to deploy resources to cope with change.

Originality/value

This study adds to the literature by explicating facets of the concept of network horizon, especially when firms are faced with a change, how they are affected by this change and how they can cope with the related challenges.
Comparing greedy constructive heuristic subtour elimination methods for the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Jackovich Petar , Cox Bruce , Hill Raymond R.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to define the class of fragment constructive heuristics used to compute feasible solutions for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) into edge-greedy and vertex-greedy subclasses. As these subclasses of heuristics can create subtours, two known methodologies for subtour elimination on symmetric instances are reviewed and are expanded to cover asymmetric problem instances. This paper introduces a third novel subtour elimination methodology, the greedy tracker (GT), and compares it to both known methodologies.

Design/methodology/approach

Computational results for all three subtour elimination methodologies are generated across 17 symmetric instances ranging in size from 29 vertices to 5,934 vertices, as well as 9 asymmetric instances ranging in size from 17 to 443 vertices.

Findings

The results demonstrate the GT is the fastest method for preventing subtours for instances below 400 vertices. Additionally, a distinction between fragment constructive heuristics and the subtour elimination methodology used to ensure the feasibility of resulting solutions enables the introduction of a new vertex-greedy fragment heuristic called ordered greedy.

Originality/value

This research has two main contributions: first, it introduces a novel subtour elimination methodology. Second, the research introduces the concept of ordered lists which remaps the TSP into a new space with promising initial computational results.
Imperatives of functioning of the financial market of Ukraine in the global space of debt loading
Authors: Trusova Natalia V. , Yakusheva Inna Ye. , Zavoloka Yuliia M. , Yefremenko Alina H. , Malashenko Yuliia A. , Sidnenko Maryna V.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The article deals with the imperatives of functioning of the financial market of Ukraine in the global space of debt loading.

Design/methodology/approach

Within the Laffer debt curve model, the dependence of gross domestic product (GDP) change on the level of debt of the financial system for countries that form the economic core in the global financial space and well control the level of the indicator, as well as new member states that have a different level of secure debt loading and affect the portion of the financial market that forms a portfolio of securities to cover the cost of nonperforming government securities is mentioned.

Findings

It has been shown that stock indices, as constituent indicators of changes in the price environment of a certain group of securities in time space, allow to estimate the general direction of the market movement even when prices within the index basket change in different directions.

Originality/value

The dynamics of changing the debt loading of the financial system of Ukraine in the current, medium-term perspective is analyzed. The amount of the fixed and floating rate debt of the government internal securities is determined to ensure the diversification of interest rate risk. Using the parameters of the model of approximation functions of dimensionless quantities, the corridor of a safe level of general government debt in the country was determined.
Internal audit quality: perceptions of Tunisian internal auditors an explanatory research
Authors: Krichene Aida , Baklouti Emna
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand how internal auditors perceive the internal audit quality and to highlight the different profiles of internal auditors based on their perception of internal audit quality determinants.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ methodological approach is based on the submission of a self-administered questionnaire. The final sample consists of 104 internal auditors. The first stage of the study is in the lead of a certified public accountants (CPA), which highlights seven factors of the internal audit quality. The second step is a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) that allowed the authors to validate the model proposed by the CPA. Finally, the authors carry out a typological analysis of the auditors according to their way of perceiving the factors extracted by the CPA.

Findings

The authors’ model, validated by the CFA, shows that the knowledge of the internal auditor, the independence of reporting, compliance with professional standards of internal audit, the relationship with the external auditor, the personal relationship of the internal auditor, the access to information and the field of intervention of the internal auditor have a positive association with the internal audit quality but with a different degree of significance. For example, the field of intervention of the internal auditor and the access to information explain better the internal audit quality. However, the knowledge of the internal auditor and the relationship with the external auditor are not significant to explain the internal audit quality. From the hierarchical cluster analysis, four groups of internal auditors emerged: the autonomous, the perfectionists, the rigorous ones and the objectives.

Originality/value

In offering these findings, the paper contributes to the existing internal audit literature by introducing evidence from an emerging country, namely, Tunisia, of the internal audit quality model. In addition, the authors proposed a new measure to the internal audit quality model which is the use of the work of the internal auditor by the external auditor. This study is also interesting to managers and professional internal audit organizations in recognizing the characteristics of the quality of the internal audit and advance reflections on the effectiveness of internal audit practices. The authors’ study proposes a typology of certified internal auditors through their perceptions of the quality of the internal audit while taking into account the specificities of the Tunisian audit market. This provides insights to managers and audit committees on the measures necessary to ensure the relevance of the internal audit work within their companies.
Chefs' competencies: a stakeholder's perspective
Authors: Marinakou Evangelia , Giousmpasoglou Charalampos
Published: November 2020

Purpose

In view to the skills gap challenge in the chefs' occupation, the purpose of this study was to identify the required chefs' skills and competencies for successful careers in culinary arts management in the UK context.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was employed with a survey questionnaire on competencies. Data were collected from different stakeholders with 407 valid responses presenting views on necessary competencies and skills to pursue a career in culinary arts.

Findings

This study suggests that professionals in commercial kitchens should demonstrate strong managerial and leadership skills, as well as operational and administrative. Professionalism and democratic management should be exhibited by chefs, who should further develop their emotional intelligence (EI) competency.

Practical implications

Organizations and academic institutions should provide such training to develop managerial and leadership skills that chefs need. Organizations should recruit based on these competencies model. Attention to diversity, equality and different cultures are important. Academic institutions should redesign their curriculum to address the industry's need on chefs' skills and competencies.

Originality/value

This is the first study to investigate chefs' competencies with empirical evidence from professionals, academics and students in the UK context. This study proposes a model with four sets of competencies, namely management, technical, strategic and operational.
Mediating distance: new interfaces and interaction design techniques to follow and take part in remote museum visits
Authors: Pisoni Galena
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper presents a study of a system that allows remote and onsite visitors to share a museum visit together in real time. The remote visitors are older adults at a care home and their relatives and/or friends who are at the museum. The museum visits are interactive. Meaningful stories accompany the museum exhibits, and there’s an audio channel between onsite and remote visitors. The aim of the study is to determine whether the remote visitors, i.e. older adults are able to use such technology and to study the mediated sense of spatial presence, social closeness, engagement and enjoyment in the visit. This study discusses the relationship between these aspects and factors leading to a better remote experience for older adults.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has 14 onsite and 12 remote older adult participants. Standardized questionnaires measured the mediated sense of spatial presence, the experienced social closeness and the level of participants' engagement and enjoyment in the visit of the older adult participants and traced onsite visitors in their position during the visit. The audio logs were subjected to thematic content analysis.

Findings

The results show that older adults enjoy and engage in remote visits, and that there is a positive correlation between enjoyment, engagement and social closeness. The findings argue that both the audio channel and the interactive story are important for creating an affective virtual experience: the audio channel increases the sense of closeness, whereas the interactive story makes the visit more engaging, providing structure, direction and purpose to the visit.

Originality/value

This work advances the state of art in the domain of technologies for older adults and addresses the needs of this population to stay in contact with both people and places.
Audit committee expertise in large European firms
Authors: Zarza Herranz César , Lopez-Iturriaga Felix , Reguera-Alvarado Nuria
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to study how audit committee member expertise is related to certain features of the committee and to the audit process.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on information from 2,477 directors from 296 firms in eight European countries between 2005 and 2014, this study measures average audit committee expertise using a continuous variable, which combines education-based and experience-based expertise. Different measures of the audit process are then regressed against this and other control variables.

Findings

Average committee expertise has increased in recent years. Education-based and experience-based expertise seem to be complementary. Results also show that committees with greater expertise meet more frequently, have fewer directors with full-time dedication and pay lower audit fees. There is no link to changes in the external firm audit, which may be due to mandatory auditor rotation.

Originality/value

The paper provides a comprehensive metric of audit committee expertise that includes directors’ academic background, professional experience and qualifications. In addition, this study expands current knowledge concerning whether and how committee expertise affects the audit process.
Gamification and service quality in bike sharing: an empirical study in Italy
Authors: Pasca Maria Giovina , Guglielmetti Mugion Roberta , Toni Martina , Di Pietro Laura , Renzi Maria Francesca
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Bike sharing (BS) is a phenomenon of growing interest in the sustainable mobility field. In recent years, many governments have implemented concrete actions to diffuse the services in cities, trying to encourage citizens' sustainable behavior. Several mobile applications (apps) related to the mobility sector have embedded gamification mechanics applied in non-gaming contexts, able to create and increase user engagement and to manage users' behavior (Deterding et al., 2011). The main purpose of this study is to understand whether app perception influences gamification, and how gamification improves service quality and user loyalty in BS systems.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the impact of gamification on service quality and loyalty, the study performed secondary data collection and qualitative analysis with in-depth interviews. Thereafter, a quantitative analysis was conducted, and the theoretical model was analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

findings showed that the use of gamification mechanics in BS services improves users' loyalty and directly influences service quality. The gamification tool improves users' engagement, transferring rules, facilitating the achievement of goals and quality standards and enhancing the BS usage.

Originality/value

This study uniquely contributes an understanding of the effect of gamification on service quality and loyalty in BS usage. It also provides some insight for companies and policymakers into implementing gamification mechanics in order to address new challenges for quality management.
Cruising down millennials’ fashion runway: a cross-functional study beyond Pacific borders
Authors: Cham Tat-Huei , Cheng Boon Liat , Ng Caryn Kar Yan
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The clothing industry is one of the earmarked industries in many countries following the rising demand and consumption of clothing products among millennials. Malaysia and Thailand are known to be promising markets for this industry in the South East Asia region. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of psychological and marketing factors on clothing interest among Generation Y consumers, as well as the interrelationships between self-confidence, product attitude and purchase intention. The impact of nationality was also examined as a moderator on the investigated relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was collected among Generation Y consumers using a survey questionnaire, which had successfully gathered a total of 388 usable cases from the capital cities of Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) and Thailand (Bangkok). These cities were selected for being the largest cities in its country which contain the highest number of shopping malls, offices and Generation Y population. Data analysis was then performed using both the SPSS and AMOS software.

Findings

Findings obtained acknowledged the importance of both psychological (i.e. fashion innovativeness, self-concept, fashion consciousness and need for uniqueness) and marketing (i.e. social media marketing and fashion advertisement) factors towards the clothing interest among Generation Y consumers. Consequently, clothing interest would influence their product attitude, self-confidence and purchase intention, with product attitude and self-confidence as the mediators between clothing interest and purchase intention. Multigroup analysis confirmed that there are differences between Generation Y consumers in both Malaysia and Thailand, where Thai consumers hold a stricter emphasis concerning the influence of social media marketing on clothing interest and self-confidence on purchase intention.

Originality/value

This study is one of the very few studies that explored the minimally investigated territory on the consequential importance of clothing interest within the clothing industry, specifically, through extending the literature on the influence of psychological and marketing factors towards the individuals’ clothing interest. Moreover, this study also successfully highlighted the mediation role of product attitude and self-confidence in the relationship between clothing interest and purchase intention.
Buying reputation as a signal of quality: Evidence from an online marketplace
Authors: Li Lingfang (Ivy) , Tadelis Steven , Zhou Xiaolan
Published: November 2020

Seller reputation, generated by buyer feedback, is critical to fostering trust in online marketplaces. Marketplaces or sellers may choose to compensate buyers for providing feedback. Signaling theory predicts that only sellers of high‐quality products will reward buyers for truthful feedback, especially when a product lacks any feedback and when the seller is not established. We confirm these hypotheses using Taobao's reward‐for‐feedback mechanism. High‐quality products, especially without established feedback, are chosen for feedback rewards, which cause sales to increase by 36%. Marketplaces and consumers can therefore benefit from allowing sellers to buy feedback and signal their high‐quality products in the process.
Induced pluripotent stem cells established from a female patient with Xq22 deletion confirm that BEX2 escapes from X‐chromosome inactivation
Authors: Yamamoto‐Shimojima Keiko , Osawa Mitsujiro , Saito Megumu K. , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: November 2020

Large deletions in Xq22 are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders, including severe intellectual disability and behavioral abnormalities. Although the deletion regions contain PLP1, the gene related to Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD), patients with Xq22 deletions show no clinical features of PMD such as paraplegia and white matter abnormalities. This could be due to skewed X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) occurring predominantly in the affected allele. Isogenic pairs of wild type and mutant induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were established from the patient. In the iPSC line in which the wild type allele was inactivated, PLP1 was not expressed, but biallelic expression of BEX2 was identified. This suggests that BEX2 escaped from XCI and haploinsufficiency of BEX2 may be related to the phenotype of Xq22 deletions.
Children changing spaces, changing schools
Authors: Crook Deborah J.
Published: November 2020

Children's participation remains controversial in United Kingdom schools where children and their communities rarely have opportunity to change what happens. This paper considers an original approach that developed cooperative intergenerational inquiry with a class of 10–11‐year‐olds in the north of England as part of complexity‐informed participatory action research to consider children's participation in schools. Children and adults considered together, what schools are for, at the same time enabling children to shape spaces for participation in lesson time. The importance of recognising these spaces as dynamic intra‐subjective meeting points and of intergenerational relationships for change in schools is revealed.
Promoting meaningful and positive nature interactions for visitors to green spaces
Authors: Colléony Agathe , Levontin Liat , Shwartz Assaf
Published: November 2020

The increasing alienation of people from nature is profoundly concerning because people's interactions with nature affect well‐being, affinity for nature, and support of biodiversity conservation. Efforts to restore or enhance people's interactions with nature are, therefore, important to ensure sustainable human and wildlife communities, but little is known about how this can be achieved. A key factor that shapes the way people interact with nature is their affinity for nature (often measured as nature relatedness [NR]). We explored how using cues to experience nature as a means to induce NR situationally can influence the quality of people's nature interactions on visits to green spaces and their positive affect after the visit. Cues to experience are cues that guide individuals on how to interact with nature. We surveyed 1023 visitors to a nature reserve to examine the relationships between trait (i.e., stable and long‐lasting) and state (i.e., temporary, brief) NR, the quality of nature interactions, and positive affect. We also conducted a controlled experiment in which 303 participants spent 30 min outdoors on campus and reported the quality of their nature interactions and positive affect. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 cues‐to‐experience experimental groups (e.g., smell flowers, observe wildlife, turn off your phone) that differed in the psychological distance from nature that they prompted. Participants who received cues of close psychological distance from nature (e.g., smell and touch natural elements) interacted 3 to 4 times more with nature and reported 0.2 more positive affect than other participants. Our results demonstrate that providing cues to experience nature, which bring people closer to nature and potentially induce state NR, can enhance the quality of people's nature interactions and their positive affect. These results highlight the role of NR in high‐quality nature interactions and suggest the use of cues to experience as a promising avenue for inducing state NR and promoting meaningful interactions with biodiversity, thus, reconciling conservation and well‐being objectives.
Management of inflammatory bowel disease associated colonic dysplasia: factors predictive of patient choice and satisfaction
Authors: Kabir Misha , Thomas‐Gibson Siwan , Hart Ailsa L. , Tozer Phil J. , Faiz Omar , Warusavitarne Janindra , Wilson Ana
Published: November 2020

Aim

In cases of prognostic uncertainty and equipoise as to the best management (prophylactic colectomy vs. surveillance) for dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), individualized discussion with the patient is required. Further understanding of patients' preferences is needed.

Methods

A nationwide cross‐sectional survey was distributed to adult IBD patients who had never been diagnosed with dysplasia (dysplasia‐naïve) and those who had (dysplasia‐experienced). Risk perceptions and factors that influence management choices were explored.

Results

There were 123 respondents. A substantial proportion (29%) of the dysplasia‐experienced respondents did not feel well informed about the associated cancer risk and/or its management by their clinical team. Contributing themes included contradictory advice and lack of personalized information regarding their cancer risk, alternative management options and impact on long‐term quality of life. Decisional regret and health‐related quality of life amongst those who chose either surveillance or surgery were comparable, but cancer‐related worry scores were elevated in the surveillance group. The dysplasia‐naïve respondents reported that they would only consider having a prophylactic colectomy if they had on average a 50% or even higher risk of developing cancer. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, predictors of colectomy or surveillance preference included ethnicity, personality traits such as health locus of control (whether health status is influenced by luck) and differences in perception of what a low risk of cancer is.

Conclusions

This study identifies predictive factors that can influence decision‐making and satisfaction with the counselling process when IBD dysplasia is diagnosed. Further qualitative exploration of cultural themes would be informative.
An examination of the extent to which drinking motives and problem alcohol consumption vary as a function of deprivation, gender and age
Authors: Heim Derek , Monk Rebecca L. , Qureshi Adam W.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Existing research points to a link between socioeconomic factors, alcohol consumption and harms, while another body of work documents the importance of varying motivations to drink in shaping alcohol behaviours. Yet, little is currently known about the extent to which alcohol consumption may be differentially associated with drinking motives as a function of deprivation, gender and age.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of data from a UK sample aged between 18 and 75 years (n = 1639; 51% male,Mage 47.74, SD 14.66). Structural equation modelling, using clustering to account for the multi‐level nature of the data set, was carried out to assesses the relationships between deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation), occupation, age, gender and problem alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and social, conformity, enhancement and coping drinking motives.

Results

Coping, enhancement and conformity, but not social, motives were associated with problem alcohol consumption. Drinking motives were stronger predictors of problem consumption than gender and age, with motives tending to be endorsed more strongly by younger and male respondents. Responses from participants with working‐class occupations tended to be characterised by elevated endorsements of coping motives.

Discussion and Conclusion

Drinking motives are stronger predictors of problem alcohol consumption than socio‐demographic variables although these factors exert influences on people's motives to drink.
Entire duration of active psychosis and neurocognitive performance in first‐episode non‐affective psychosis
Authors: Murillo‐García Nancy , Setién‐Suero Esther , Pardo‐de‐Santayana Guillermo , Murillo‐García Marisol , Pelayo‐Terán José María , Crespo‐Facorro Benedicto , Ayesa‐Arriola Rosa
Published: November 2020

Aim

To explore if the entire duration of active psychosis (DAP) is related to neurocognitive performance at baseline and at 3‐year follow‐up in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods

DAP was estimated for 481 FEP patients. A neuropsychological battery was administered to measure neurocognitive specific domains, and a global indicator of neurocognitive impairment (global deficits score, GDS) was calculated. According to the DAP quartiles, four subgroups were formed, and these were compared. In addition, a logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict neurocognitive impairment at 3‐year follow‐up.

Results

FEP patients with the longest DAP (more than 18.36 months) presented a more severe global neurocognitive impairment evidenced in their GDS, both at baseline (F = 5.53; p˂ .01) and at 3‐year follow‐up (F = 4.16; p˂ .01). Moreover, a subgroup of participants with DAP between 7.40 and 18.36 months showed a specific attentional decline over the 3‐year follow‐up (F = 3.089; p˂ .05).The logistic regression model showed that sex (Wald = 7.29, p < .010), premorbid adjustment (Wald = 7.24, p < .010), attention (Wald = 12.10, p < .001), verbal memory (Wald = 16.29, p < .001) and visual memory (Wald = 9.41, p < .010) were significant predictors of neurocognitive impairment 3 years after the FEP. The variables composing the DAP were not significant predictors in this model.

Conclusions

DAP seems to be related to global neurocognitive impairment in FEP patients. These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of the effects of active psychosis on the brain, and provide the basis for future research.
The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity
Authors: Bucklaew Amy , Dochtermann Ned A.
Published: November 2020

Past experiences are known to affect average behavior but effects on animal personality and plasticity are less well studied. To determine whether experience with predators influences these aspects, we compared the behavior of Gryllodes sigillatus before and after exposure to live predators. We found that emergence from shelter and distance moved during open‐field trials (activity) changed after exposure, with individuals becoming less likely to emerge from shelters but more active when deprived of shelter. We also found that behavioral plasticity in activity increased after exposure to predators. Our results demonstrate that experience with predators affects not only the average behavior of individuals but also how individuals differ from their own prior behavior.
From the French Citizens' Convention on Climate to the Conference on the Future of Europe: A participatory science and democracy perspective
Authors: Eymard Laurence
Published: November 2020

The Citizens' Convention on Climate (CCC) gathered 150 people, randomly selected but representing the diversity of French society. Its mandate was to formulate a series of concrete measures aimed to achieve at least a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 (compared to 1990) while preserving social justice. The citizens auditioned experts on various topics from climate to economics and then formulated their own proposals, thus building an effective consensus, beyond individual specific interests. Moreover, proposals formed a coherent whole, and in this regard fare much better than previous attempts to tackle environmental and climate transition through public debates. This methodology shows how citizen science can produce efficient and quality outcomes. This opens new perspectives for democracy on the basis of new interaction channels between law‐makers, professional experts and citizens. This seems to be the approach chosen for the Conference on the Future of Europe as well. Gathering citizens from all EU countries to work on important topics for Europe and Europeans could be a way to build a common vision, and contribute to the creation of a true European common good. Citizens' direct involvement in science and democracy might be one of the keys to meaningfully and thus successfully address their shortcomings.
Stepwise accumulation of mutations in CesA3 in Phytophthora sojae results in increasing resistance to CAA fungicides
Authors: Cai Meng , Zhang Can , Wang Weizhen , Peng Qin , Song Xi , Tyler Brett M. , Liu Xili
Published: November 2020

Flumorph is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide with high activity against oomycetes. However, evolution to CAAs from low resistance to high resistance has never been reported. This study investigated the basis of resistance evolution of flumorph in Phytophthora sojae. Total of 120 P. sojae isolates were collected and their sensitivity to flumorph was evaluated. Although no spontaneous resistance was found among the field isolates, adaptation on flumorph‐amended media resulted in the selection of five stable mutant types exhibiting varying degrees of resistance to CAAs. Type I, which exhibited the lowest resistance level, was obtained when the wild‐type isolate was exposed to a low concentration of flumorph, but no resistant mutants were obtained by direct exposure to higher concentrations. However, the more resistant types (Type II, III, IV and V) were obtained when Type I were exposed to higher concentrations of flumorph. Similar results were obtained when the entire screening process was repeated, which implied that evolution of resistance to flumorph in P. sojae could be a two‐step process, where high resistance phenotypes could develop gradually from low resistance ones. Further investigation into molecular mechanism strongly confirmed that evolution of isolates highly resistant to flumorph occurs in a stepwise process with Type I as intermediary, through accumulation of mutations in their target protein of CAAs (CesA3). Together, our findings indicate that application of low rates of flumorph in field could result in selection of low resistance Type I isolates, but that raising dosage to maintain comparable levels of control could elicit rapid evolution of more resistant Type II, III, IV and V isolates with stepwise accumulation of mutations in CesA3, which would render flumorph ineffective as a control method. Precautionary resistance management strategy should be implemented. The phenomenon described in the study could have broader biological significance.
Microstructural properties of the proximal sesamoid bones of Thoroughbred racehorses in training
Authors: Ayodele Babatunde A. , Hitchens Peta L. , Wong Adelene S. M. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Whitton R. Christopher
Published: November 2020

Background

Proximal sesamoid bone fractures are common catastrophic injuries in racehorses. Understanding the response of proximal sesamoid bones to race training can inform fracture prevention strategies.

Objectives

To describe proximal sesamoid bone microstructure of racehorses and to investigate the associations between microstructure and racing histories.

Study design

Cross‐sectional.

Methods

Proximal sesamoid bones from 63 Thoroughbred racehorses were imaged using micro‐computed tomography. Bone volume fraction (BVTV) and bone material density (BMD) of the whole bone and four regions (apical, midbody dorsal, midbody palmar and basilar) were determined. Generalised linear regression models were used to identify the associations between bone parameters and race histories of the horses.

Results

The mean sesamoid BVTV was 0.79 ± 0.08 and BMD was 806.02 ± 24.66 mg HA/ccm. BVTV was greater in medial sesamoids compared with lateral sesamoids (0.80 ± 0.07 vs 0.79 ± 0.08;P < .001) predominantly due to differences in the apical region (medial—0.76 ± 0.08 vs lateral—0.72 ± 0.07;P < .001). BVTV in the midbody dorsal region (0.86 ± 0.06) was greater than other regions (midbody palmar—0.79 ± 0.07, basilar—0.78 ± 0.06 and apical—0.74 ± 0.08;P < .001). BVTV was greater in sesamoids with more microcracks on their articular surface (Coef. 0.005; 95% CI 0.001, 0.009;P = .01), greater extent of bone resorption on their abaxial surface (Grade 2—0.82 ± 0.05 vs Grade 1—0.80 ± 0.05 or Grade 0—0.79 ± 0.06;P = .006), in horses with a low (0.82 ± 0.07) or mid handicap rating (0.78 ± 0.08) compared with high rating (0.76 ± 0.07;P < .001), in 2‐ to 5‐year‐old horses (0.81 ± 0.07) compared with younger (0.68 ± 0.08) or older horses (0.77 ± 0.08;P < .001) and in horses that commenced their racing career at less than 4 years of age (0.79 ± 0.08 vs 0.77 ± 0.77;P < .001). BMD was greater in the midbody dorsal (828.6 ± 19.6 mg HA/ccm) compared with other regions (apical—805.8 ± 21.8, midbody palmar—804.7 ± 18.4 and basilar—785.0 ± 17.1;P < .001), in horses with a handicap rating (low—812.1 ± 20.0, mid—821.8 ± 21.3 and high—814.6 ± 19.4) compared with those with no rating (791.08 ± 24.4,P < .001), in females (806.7 ± 22.0) and geldings (812.2 ± 22.4) compared with entires (792.7 ± 26.2;P = .02) and in older horses (<2‐year‐old—763.7 ± 24.8 vs 2‐ to 5‐year‐old—802.7 ± 23.4, and 6‐ to 12‐year‐old—817.8 ± 20.0;P = .002).

Main limitations

Data were cross‐sectional.

Conclusions

Densification of the proximal sesamoid bones is associated with the commencement of racing in younger horses and the presence of bone fatigue‐related pathology. Lower sesamoid BVTV was associated with longevity and better performance.
Formation and emulsification properties of self‐assembled potato protein microgel particles under different pH conditions
Authors: Liu Xingli , Shen Li , Zhao Shuangli , Zhang Hua
Published: November 2020

This study evaluated the formation of potato protein microgel particles (PPM) formed by heating a protein solution at pH 2–8 in order to improve emulsifying potential of commercial potato protein (PP). The physicochemical properties (particle diameter, ζ‐potential and contact angle), structural characteristics and emulsifying capacity of PPM were investigated. The results indicated that preparation pH of PPM had significantly influenced the emulsification properties. The PPM samples prepared near the isoelectric point of PP (pI ~ 4.5) had low ζ‐potential, high particle size, lower emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI). Meanwhile, compared to PP, PPM prepared at pH (pH = 2, pH = 6–8) stay away from isoelectric point had higher EAI and ESI, evidenced by the appropriate ζ‐potential and contact angel. In conclusion, PPM prepared at specific pH (pH = 6) would enhance the emulsifying properties of potato protein, the findings would broaden the application of potato protein in the food industry.
Value Differences between Refugees and German Citizens: Insights from a Representative Survey
Authors: Fuchs Lukas M. , Fan Yu , von Scheve Christian
Published: November 2020

The political debate over the inclusion of refugees frequently revolves around cultural differences, in particular differences pertaining to values, which are suspected to hamper social integration. Sociological accounts of values in principle warrant the assumption that different values promote conflict over sensitive social issues. However, only little is known about the actual values of refugees who recently arrived in many European countries. Comparative values research suggests that immigrants from culturally distant countries increase value heterogeneity. In contrast, acculturation and assimilation theories argue that values are not static constructs, but subject to change and transformation. Using data from the IAB‐BAMF‐SOEP survey, a representative panel of refugees in Germany, and from the World Values Survey, the present study investigates differences in liberal democratic and gender equality values between refugees and German citizens. Results indicate that refugees from almost all countries investigated show higher levels of agreement to these values, except secularism, than Germans.
Reconciliation as Expression of Christ's Love
Authors: Biehl Michael
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the theme of the upcoming World Council of Churches' assembly from the perspective of mission as reconciliation as it has been formulated in ecumenical discussions around the World Missionary Conference at Athens 2005 and since. It argues that the intersecting of reconciliation and healing disclosed theological and ethical dimensions in both concepts that have been picked up in ecumenical mission theology while they had been less prominent in earlier decades. The emphasis on the Holy Spirit as agent of mission (Athens, Arusha) is then used to interpret Christ's love as the outpouring of the inner dynamic of the Trinity into the world.