bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Of Major Depressive Disorder In Portoviejo, Ecuador.
Authors: Montalvo-Herdoíza Juan , Perero Mayra , Portalanza Diego , Camargo Anderson , Siteneski Aline
Published: May 2021

El trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico debilitante que afecta más de 300 millones de personas, causando una enorme carga socioeconómica. Pocos datos con conocidos sobre la prevalencia del TDM en el Ecuador. Así, el objetivo de ese estudio fue describir la prevalencia del TDM en la población de un cantón altamente poblado de la costa ecuatoriana. Este estudio de base poblacional se realizó en Portoviejo, Manabí. Aquí se analizaron 114.239 registros sobre TDM mediante la entrevista Clínica Estructurada para el Diagnóstico de Trastornos del DSM-IV en personas jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores. Nosotros observamos que en la población estudiada 8.6% tenían el TDM. Fueran adecuados los puntajes del TDM leve y de ubicación de residencia (zona urbana o rural). Ambos modelos tenían un buen estándar de ajuste (R2 = 0,91 y 0,95) y un valor p medio de 0,04 para ambas ubicaciones. También se demostró una correlación positiva significativa entre el estado civil y las puntuaciones de TDM, en particular para solteros (p = 0.001361, r = 0.94), y niveles de educación (p = 0.00102, r = 0.95). Además, tanto la edad (p = 0.001067, r = -0.94) como estar viudo (p = 0.009662, r = -0.87) se correlacionaron positivamente con las puntaciones del TDM. Colectivamente nuestros resultados demuestran una alta prevalencia del TDM en la población de Portoviejo, un efecto más destacado en el hombre, que vive solo, joven y residente de la zona urbana. Palabras clave: depresión, Ecuador, Prevalencia, salud mental, trastorno depresivo mayor
Adaptación Lingüística de la Batería de Evaluación Neuropsicológica “BREV” en Una Población de Escolares Ecuatorianos
Authors: Poveda-Pulla Alejandra Betsabé , Ochoa-Arévalo Víctor Francisco , Peralta-Cuji Ivone Jeanneth
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo se reporta el proceso seguido para la adaptación lingüística de la Batería de Evaluación Neuropsicológica “BREV” en una población de escolares ecuatorianos. Se empleó el método de traducción – retrotraducción. La versión final de la prueba se aplicó a una muestra piloto de 100 escolares de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador. El pilotaje dio a conocer resultados similares a la versión original en la mayoría de subpruebas, sin embargo, aún existen ciertos errores de adaptación a nivel de algunos términos y estímulos de la prueba que deben ser corregidos. Los resultados estadísticos demostraron una significancia del 5% (p <0,05) en las correlaciones entre el desempeño de cada subprueba y la edad de los niños ecuatorianos. Se concluyó que la versión final de la adaptación lingüística de la Batería “BREV,” obtuvo en esta primera parte de investigación resultados similares a la versión original; pero es necesario un análisis estadístico mediante retest para asegurar la equivalencia y fiabilidad del instrumento adaptado con respecto a la prueba francesa original. Palabras clave: Adaptación de la Batería Brev, desarrollo infantil, evaluación., neuropsicología, pruebas neuropsicológicas
Revisión Sistemática de Literatura sobre Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil en Ecuador
Authors: Peralta-Cuji Ivone Jeanneth , Cobos-Cali Martha Esperanza , Ochoa-Arévalo Víctor Francisco
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las funciones cognitivas evaluadas y las pruebas utilizadas en el despistaje neurocognitivo infantil. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura se examinaron las bases de datos académicas Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, Scielo y APA Psycnet entre los años 2014 y 2019. Los resultados muestran que las funciones consideradas para la evaluación son: lenguaje, memoria, viso percepción, atención, funciones ejecutivas y habilidades de aprendizaje. Además, los estudios identifican perfiles cognitivos a partir de las escalas de Wechsler, Baterías de Kaufman y la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI). En el Ecuador el MSP no ha desarrollado un instrumento para realizar el despistaje neurocognitivo infantil por lo que se identificaron investigaciones de tesis de posgrado con el uso de pruebas para situaciones específicas como violencia, déficit de atención, problemas de aprendizaje y en despistaje infantil resalta el uso del modelo de la Batería Rápida de Evaluación de Funciones Neurocognitivas BREV, como recomendación de un instrumento de despistaje neurocogitivo infantil. Palabras clave: Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil, Perfil Neuropsicológico
Razonamiento Clínico: Mujer de 38 Años de Edad en Puerperio Alejado con Debilidad Muscular en Hemicara Derecha
Authors: Torres-Ortiz Jorge Armando , Bustamante-Mieles Daniella Alejandra
Published: May 2021

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 38 años de edad con debilidad muscular en hemicara derecha durante su puerperio alejado. Revisamos la historia clínica, exploración física, y analizamos el diagnóstico diferencial, etiológico y final. Palabras clave: debilidad muscular, diagnóstico diferencial, Puerperio
Modelo para facilitar el proceso de orientación vocacional en estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Castillo Escalante Irma , López Vizcarra María , Ramírez García Adán
Published: May 2021

La elección de carrera es un proceso en el que un estudiante reconoce los intereses, actitudes y habilidades relacionadas con alguna profesión porque la considera atractiva, teniendo como resultado una decisión (Castañeda y Solorio, 2014). El objetivo del presente trabajo es sistematizar la experiencia del programa de orientación vocacional del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario 197, para elegir la carrera técnica con base en las competencias profesionales, a través de documentar y explicar el proceso seguido en el ciclo escolar anterior a la realización de este estudio, con el fin de proponer un modelo que contribuya a disminuir el índice de reprobación y aumentar el índice de titulación en subsiguientes años. La metodología tiene una perspectiva mixta, de carácter exploratorio con una lógica descriptiva y con fines de sistematización (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2016). La muestra se compuso de 493 individuos equivalente al 90% de la población objetivo. El test consta de 28 reactivos, 25 relacionadas a las competencias profesionales de las carreras técnicas ofertadas en el plantel y tres para elegir su primera, segunda y tercera opción. Para el levantamiento de información se utilizó la plataforma Aplicaciones de Google herramienta Formularios. Los resultados encontrados indican que la primera opción que eligieron es la de Técnico Agropecuario, 36% (179), la segunda opción fue la Técnico en Producción Industrial de Alimentos 34% (167), y la tercera opción fue para la de Técnico en Biotecnología 26% (127). Con base a estos resultados se propone un modelo de intervención de orientación vocacional.
Evolução ao nível de espécie: Répteis da América do Sul (Opera Omnia). Uma saga editorial da obra do zoólogo Paulo Emílio Vanzolini
Authors: Bartorelli Andrea
Published: May 2021

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Diários de viagens e excursões, por Paulo Emílio Vanzolini
Authors: Seripierri Dione
Published: May 2021

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Seção Iconográfica
Authors: Ciência Cadernos de História da
Published: May 2021

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Presencia de Plomo y Cadmio en Ariopsis guatemalensis (Günter, 1864), en la laguna de Tres Palos, Guerrero, México
Authors: Rodríguez Amador Roosevelt , Monks Sheets Scott Williams , Pulido Flores Griselda , Gaytán Oyarzún Juan Carlos
Published: May 2021

El deterioro de la calidad ambiental de las lagunas y la perdida de biodiversidad ictiológica es consecuencia de numerosas actividades antrópicas como la pesca comercial, deportes náuticos, etc. Las lagunas están formadas por una boca, una barra de arena y un cuerpo de agua (Violante-González, 2007); Laguna de Tres Palos es el complejo lagunar más grande del estado de Guerrero, localizado a 25 km. del puerto de Acapulco. La laguna posee una amplia diversidad de peces y una producción pesquera de más de 900 ton/año (Violante-González, 2007). El objetivo fue registrar la concentración de Pb y Cd en Ariopsis guatemalensis. Se realizaron 4 muestreos: en abril, junio y octubre de 2011 y en abril de 2012. Se colectaron 30 peces de A. guatemalensis en cada muestreo, se congelaron y transportaron al laboratorio, en donde se disectaron (branquias, músculo, piel, hígado y vísceras). Posteriormente, cada tipo de tejido se deshidrató en estufa hasta obtener peso seco. En el laboratorio de Química analítica de la UAEH, las muestras fueron procesadas de acuerdo al método EPA-3052. Se registró Pb y Cd en los diferentes órganos (branquias, hígado, vísceras, piel y músculo) de A. guatemalensis; las concentraciones de Pb (1.0 mg/kg) y Cd (0.5 mg/kg) sobrepasan los limites permisibles de la NOM-027-SSA1-1993. El Pb y Cd pueden biomagnificarse en el ámbito de la acuacultura (Golovanova, 2008). Por lo cual, es importante monitorear estos elementos para garantizar la calidad del pescado que proviene de ésta localidad, dado que es de importancia comercial para consumo humano.
Da gorda ao padre: as marcas do estigma em dois contos de Amar é crime, de Marcelino Freire
Authors: Almeida Rosal Antonio Caio , Soares Martins Edson
Published: May 2021

Este breve estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise que investigue as relações entre personagens estigmatizados e os ditos “normais” presentes nos contos Mariângela e Jesus te ama, do livro Amar é crime, de Marcelino Freire. O autor se destaca no cenário da literatura brasileira não só pela escrita ágil, mas também pela sua capacidade de tornar visíveis, na sua obra, os personagens marginalizados do cotidiano brasileiro, bem como fazê-los capazes de intrigar e perturbar os órgãos sociais e os sujeitos que estão dispostos a tornar estes indivíduos desviantes do que é plenamente aceito socialmente. Para isto, são evidenciados narradores, discursos, conflitos e personagens, no intento de demonstrar como as marcas do estigma emergem na sociedade e como elas deterioram a identidade dos que por elas são acometidos. Assim, foram utilizados, primordialmente, conceitos teóricos presentes nas obras Estigma: notas sobre a manipulação da identidade deteriorada, de Erving Goffman (2008) e Estética da criação verbal, de Mikhail Bakhtin (2010). Por meio destes, buscamos entender e descrever analiticamente, respectivamente, como as relações que emergem do contato dos ditos normais e estigmatizados, tornam estes seres deteriorados e como os discursos ideológicos, repassados no meio desta interação, são capazes de interferir decisivamente durante este processo.
‘Aqui compra se gallinhas e ms alguma cousa’: um estudo sobre o fenômeno variável da concordância no contexto da passiva sintética ou pronominal, em cartas manuscritas do século XIX
Authors: Bandeira Grace Dos Anjos Freire
Published: May 2021

Nos estudos que temos desenvolvido sobre os usos do reflexivo SE, ou concluímos sobre a tendência ao seu apagamento, ou refletimos sobre a sua trajetória no exercício das diversas funções sintático-semânticas que tem assumido. Neste artigo, em particular, trazemos o ‘se’, sob uma abordagem variacionista (LABOV, 1972), não só para descrever o seu comportamento como recurso da indeterminação, em cartas manuscritas do século XIX, mas também para tratar de sua luta com o ‘se apassivador’. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que estuda a relação entre a diminuição da frequência da concordância em estruturas com se e a interpretação desse reflexivo, ou como indeterminador, ou como apassivador (GALVES, 1996, p. 392). O corpus de nossa pesquisa se constitui de 44 cartas escritas à mão, que datam de 1879 a 1889, representando, assim, um decênio de registros, em português, no Amazonas dos tempos áureos da borracha. Nossos resultados, ainda que parciais, corroboram o percurso apontado por Bechara (2004, p. 178): da passiva à indeterminação – não (mais) ‘compram-se galinhas’, mas ‘compra-se galinhas’, como ilustrado no título deste artigo; indicando que, nesse contexto sintático, as ações expressas pelos verbos são assumidas a partir de seus agentes e não de seus pacientes (VILELA; KOCH, 2001, p. 181).
Considerações sobre o papel do professor-tutor no ensino a distância
Authors: Bassani Luciane Da Silva , Dal Molin Beatriz Helena
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo caracteriza uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática da Educação a Distância (EaD) no Brasil, buscando explicitar a importância dos professores-tutores enquanto colaboradores essenciais para a efetivação das práticas educacionais nesta modalidade de ensino. A intenção deste artigo é, sobretudo, investigar quais são as principais funções e demandas dos professores-tutores, especificando como constitui-se o panorama do EaD no país. Nesta perspectiva, avisou-se observar as particularidades desta modalidade de ensino – tais como a utilização ferramentas tecnológicas e remotas -, além de pontuar as especificidades no âmbito do trabalho do professor-tutor, bem como as principais dificuldades elencadas por estudos que visaram compreender as demandas destes profissionais. Para esta análise, este estudo pauta-se em autores como Azevedo (2008), Haag (1990), Pretti (1996), Souza (2004), Machado (2004), Barbosa e Rezende (2006) e no INED (2003) buscando refletir sobre a constituição do trabalho do professor-tutor e sua importância primordial no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Com os avanços da tecnologia digital, a modalidade a distância vem ganhando cada vez estudantes adeptos, proporcionando diferentes e enriquecedoras experiências no ensino. Assim, percebeu-se que essa constante necessidade de atualização e aprimoramento, visando um ensino significativo e uma formação de qualidade, faz com que a modalidade de educação a distância tenha um papel conectado com os avanços da ciência e da tecnologia.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ОБОЖЖЕННЫХ АНОДОВ
Authors: Жусуппаев Даутбек Балгаевич
Published: May 2021

В данной статье рассмотрено влияние количества мелкой фракции в шихте при производстве анодов на расход пека и качество обожженных анодов.В ходе проведенных экспериментальных исследований выявлена зависимость свойств поступающего на производство каменноугольного пека. Необходимо четко подбирать количественные пропорции подачи в анодную массу мелкой фракции сухой шихты и пека.Наилучшие качественные показатели анодов получены при дозировке пека более 14,4 % к 37,14 % мелкой фракции в сухой шихте. Качественные показатели обожженных анодов напрямую зависят от количества дозируемого каменноугольного пека к определенному количеству мелкой фракции в сухой шихте.
FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE RABBIT MEAT ROLL
Authors: Satayeva Zhuldyz Isakovna , Mashanova Nurbibi Sovetovna , Nurtayeva Ainur Bolatbekovna , Akimzhanov Erzhan Talgatuly
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the development of a new type of rabbit meat product - meatloaf. The consumption of healthy and nutritious foods rich in macro- and micronutrients, low in lipids and cholesterol, as well as various nutritional supplements, is preferable for the modern consumer. One of the promising types of meat as a dietary raw material is rabbit meat. As a result of the studies, a physicochemical analysis was carried out, the amino acid composition of rabbit meat was determined, and an organoleptic and tasting assessment of rabbit meatloaf was given. The technological scheme, the recipe is developed and the technological parameters of the meatloaf preparation are determined. It is recommended to store meatloaf no more than 10 days at a temperature of 0–2 °C with a humidity of 85-90 %. Meatloaf from rabbit meat has functional properties, contains a large number of vitamins PP – 174.3 mg, potassium minerals – 5052.8 mg, magnesium – 382.4 mg, phosphorus – 2875 mg, sodium – 8598.7 mg.The results of the nutritional and biological value of rabbit meatloaf allow us to make an informed conclusion about the high level of their nutritional value, which clearly illustrates the values of quality indicators.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ВИДА МОДИФИКАТОРА НА ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ПОРОШКОВОГО БЕТОНА
Authors: Могила Анжела Олеговна , Орынбеков Елжан Серикович
Published: May 2021

Стратегия создания высокофункциональных порошковых бетонов сводится к значительному добавлению дисперсных наполнителей, что, в свою очередь, приводит к актуальности проблемы подбора пластифицирующих добавок в составах порошковых бетонов. Для правильного подбора добавок, модифицирующих свойства бетона, необходимо четкое представление о механизме их действия и получаемом техническом результате.В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с влиянием модификаторов на гидрофизические свойства высокофункционального порошкового бетона, модифицированного органическими добавками различной природы. Приводятся результаты исследования влияния вида и дозировки суперпластификаторов в комплексах функциональных добавок на свойства реакционно-порошкового бетона конкретной минеральной системы из сырья Алматинской области. В данных исследованиях большее внимание уделяется зависимости природы суперпластифицирующих добавок к таким характеристикам, как водопоглощение и проницаемость порошкового бетона.
Автомокөліктердің өрт қауіпсіздігін зерттеу
Authors: Жантимиров Е. С.
Published: May 2021

Мақалада автокөліктердің өрт қауіпсіздігін қамтамасыз ету бойынша зерттеулер жүргізілді. Автокөлік құралдарының түрлері бойынша өрттердің санын бөлуді және автокөлік құралдарындағы өрттердің негізгі себептерін талдау нәтижелері ұсынылған. Электр жабдығы жұмысының авариялық өрт қауіпті режимдерінің себептері айқындалды. Авариядан кейінгі автомобиль қауіпсіздігінің өзектілігі атап өтілді.
CHILDREN’S ABILITY IN AWARENESS OF THE INITIAL AND THE FINAL SOUND IN A WORD
Authors: Ropič Marija
Published: May 2021

The findings from the PISA studies in 2009 and 2012 reveal the results of the reading achievements of 15-year-olds which are not satisfying. The fact is, the reading is influenced by several factors. One of the factors is the ability of phonological awareness, since the early teaching of phonological awareness has a major influence on the development and achievements of the reading abilities of children.
Studies have found that the strategies for the development of phonological awareness in kindergarten are crucial for a child's success in literacy (Tafa, 2008). Nevertheless, in Slovenia, there is not enough emphasis on the early development of phonological awareness, even though we have good chances, because many children in the preschool period are included in kindergarten.
This study has detected the impact of the exercise of phonological awareness in kindergarten which is accurately presented in this article. In the entire model, a certain proportion of children who detect neither the initial nor the final sound before entering the school is included. With children who have lower levels of phonological abilities, there is a greater risk that they will have reading difficulties. Therefore, it is no wonder that we draw the attention to the urgent changes in the activities and tasks in kindergarten.
Key words: exercise, kindergarten, phonological awareness, the final vote, the initial vote.
A Quantum Approach to Neural Networks
Authors: Ansari Prof. Ahlam , Shaikh Ashhar , Shaikh Faraz , Sayed Faisal
Published: May 2021

Artificial neural networks, usually just called neural networks, computing systems indefinitely inspired by the biological neural networks and they are extensive in both research as well as industry. It is critical to design quantum Neural Networks for complete quantum learning tasks. In this project, we suggest a computational neural network model based on principles of quantum mechanics which form a quantum feed-forward neural network proficient in universal quantum computation. This structure takes input from one layer of qubits and drives that input onto another layer of qubits. This layer of qubits evaluates this information and drives on the output to the next layer. Eventually, the path leads to the final layer of qubits. The layers do not have to be of the same breadth, meaning they need not have the same number of qubits as the layer before and/or after it. This assembly is trained on which path to take identical to classical ANN. The intended project can be compiled by the subsequent points provided here:
1. The expert training of the quantum neural network utilizing the fidelity as a cost function, providing both conventional and efficient quantum implementations.
2. Use of methods that enable quick optimization with reduced memory requirements.
3. Benchmarking our proposal for the quantum task of learning an unknown unitary and find extraordinary generality and a remarkable sturdiness to noisy training data.
Newer Employment Possibilities for Women in India
Authors:   Department of Management, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Kaur Jasmeet , Jayat Jai ,   Department of Management, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Published: May 2021

Pandemic of Covid-19 has marked new beginning of the many human endevours in the cultural, social, medical as well as employability aspects. New phenomenon such as work from home, digitization and online dependence has not only caused several problems and detriments for the working sector but also has created possibilities for newer version of employments. In India, women majorly are involved in each and every aspects of life but in an unorganized way. Need of the hour is to generate newer and novel working structures especially for women in this post covid era of the world. All the governmental and non governmental authorities and bodies must come together with this will and try to cash out such situation which will not only provide more and more employment to the women of India but also work in favour of several societal and cultural issues such as equity, equality, upliftment and empowerment for women in India. In this research paper we will propose several newer possibilities for women in post covid era and study the current situation of women in working sectors in India.
Development of multi-person multi-attribute matchmaking decision system
Authors:   , Uko Edidiong Idungima
Published: May 2021

This dissertation reports on the development of an algorithm based on an existing matchmaking method to solve diverse decision problems in a multi-person environment. The capacity to effectively achieve a lucrative and accurate decision making is a critical aspect of resource management. But the accuracy of a decision making process can be highly compromised because of the high subjectivity and multiple conflicting attributes that are present in human judgement. multi-person decision making is an effective approach for achieving a lucrative and accurate decision making process. The multi-person decision process has proven to be tedious mainly because the existing multi-person decision making methods are extensions of single decision making methods. This imposes additional computational resources, especially for a large number of decision makers because they aggregate the preferences of several decision makers into a unified format.This work therefore seeks to improve the multi-person decision making process using a matchmaking approach. In doing so, the Hunt ForTune matchmaking algorithm was investigated and improved for this purpose. Thus, the preferences of decision makers for each attribute are collected as an attribute description vector. The attribute, its description vector, flexibility and priority vector are compactly represented as a 4-tuple profile. The improved Hunt ForTune matchmaking algorithm is applied to different sets of multi-person decision problems and offered as an effective way of enhancing decision accuracy. The improved matchmaking decision algorithm is compared with a novel mathematical technique of Hausdorff distance. Results generally show that multi-person matchmaking algorithm is suitable and efficient for diverse decision making in the presence of multiple decision makers. The practical implication of the proposed multi-person matchmaking algorithm for decision making is that it provides a less complicated way to capture and represent the preferences of multiple decision makers irrespective of decision domain. The originality of the work reported in this dissertation is built on a matchmaking algorithm by introducing effective profile representation using vector analysis approach to capture the preferences of multiple decision makers and similarity metrics to provide an efficient and robust way to accurately perform a multi-person decision process.
Annual exposure to PAHs in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes
Authors: Tsiodra Irini , Grivas Georgios , Tavernaraki Kalliopi , Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Apostolaki Maria , Paraskevopoulou Despina , Gogou Alexandra , Parinos Constantine , Oikonomou Konstantina , Tsagkaraki Maria , Zarmpas Pavlos , Nenes Athanasios , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants in fine particulate matter (PM) long known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, but much is unknown about the importance of local and remote sources to PAH levels observed in population-dense urban environments. A year-long sampling campaign in Athens, Greece, where more than 150 samples were analyzed for 31 PAHs and a wide range of chemical markers were used in combination with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to constrain the temporal variability, sources and carcinogenic risk associated with PAHs. We find that biomass burning (BB), a source mostly effective during wintertime intense pollution events (observed for 18 % of measurement days in 2017), lead to wintertime PAH levels 7 times higher than in other seasons and was responsible for annual mean PAH concentrations (31 %) comparable to those from diesel/oil (33 %) and gasoline (29 %) sources. The contribution of non-local sources, although limited on an annual basis (7 %), was increased during summer, becoming comparable to that of local sources combined. The fraction of PAHs associated with BB is linked to increased health risk compared to the other sources, accounting for almost half the annual carcinogenic potential of PAHs (43 %). This can result in a larger number of excess cancer cases due to BB-related high PM levels and urges immediate action to reduce residential BB emissions in urban areas facing similar issues.
Measurement report: Fourteen months of real-time characterisation of the submicronic aerosol and its atmospheric dynamics at the Marseille–Longchamp supersite
Authors: Chazeau Benjamin , Temime-Roussel Brice , Gille Grégory , Mesbah Boualem , D'Anna Barbara , Wortham Henri , Marchand Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This study reports results of PM1 chemical composition determined using a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor
(ToF-ACSM) over a 14-month period (1 February 2017–13 April 2018) at the
Marseille–Longchamp supersite (MRS-LCP) in France. Parallel measurements were performed with an aethalometer, an ultrafine particle monitor and a suite of instruments to monitor regulated pollutants (PM2.5, PM10,
NOx, O3 and SO2). The average PM1 chemical composition
over the period was dominated by organic aerosol (OA; 49.7 %) and black
carbon (BC; 17.1 %), while sulfate accounted for 14.6 %, nitrate for 10.2 %, ammonium for 7.9 % and chloride for 0.5 % only. Wintertime was
found to be the season contributing the most to the annual PM1 mass
concentration (30 %), followed by autumn (26 %), summer (24 %) and
spring (20 %). During this season, OA and BC concentrations were found to
contribute 32 % and 31 % of their annual concentrations, respectively, as a combined result of heavy urban traffic, high emissions
from residential heating and low planetary boundary layer (PBL) height. Most
(75 %) of the 15 days exceeding the target daily PM2.5 concentration value recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) occurred during this season. Local and long-range pollution episodes with
contrasting chemical composition could be distinguished, accounting for 40 %
and 60 % of the exceedance days, respectively. Enhanced OA and BC
concentrations, mostly originating from domestic wood burning under
nocturnal land breeze conditions, were observed during local pollution episodes, while high levels of oxygenated OA and inorganic nitrate were associated with medium-/long-range transported particles. In summertime, substantially higher concentrations of sulfate were found, with an average and a maximum contribution to the PM1 mass of 24 %
and 66 %, respectively. Results from k-means clustering analysis of daily profiles of sulfate concentrations clearly reveal the significant influence of local harbour/industrial activities on air quality in addition to the more regional contribution of shipping traffic that originates from
the Mediterranean basin.
Modeled changes in source contributions of particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Shen Juanyong , Wang Peng , Zhu Shengqiang , Wang Yu , Wang Pengfei , Wang Gehui , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Hongliang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Within a short time after the outbreak of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, the Chinese government introduced a nationwide lockdown to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The quarantine
measures have significantly decreased the anthropogenic activities, thus
improving air quality. To study the impacts caused by the lockdown on
specific source sectors and regions in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the
Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to investigate the
changes in source contributions to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from
23 January to 28 February 2020, based on different emission control cases.
Compared to case 1 (without emission reductions), the total PM2.5 mass
for case 2 (with emission reductions) decreased by more than 20 % over the entire YRD, and the reduction ratios of its components were 15 %, 16 %,
20 %, 43 %, 34 %, and 35 % in primary organic aerosol (POA),
elemental carbon (EC), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic
aerosol (SOA), respectively. The source apportionment results showed that
PM2.5 concentrations from transportation decreased by 40 %, while PM2.5 concentrations from
the residential and power sectors decreased by less than 10 % due to the
lockdown. Although all sources decreased, the relative contribution changed
differently. Contributions from the residential sector increased by more than
10 % to 35 %, while those in the industrial sector decreased by 33 %.
Considering regional transport, the total PM2.5 mass of all regions
decreased 20 %–30 % in the YRD, with the largest decreased value of
5.0 µg m−3 in Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin (Ha-BTH). In Shanghai, the
lower contributions from local emissions and regional transmission (mainly
Shandong and Ha-BTH) led to the reduced PM2.5. This study suggests
adjustments of control measures for various sources and regions.
Separating autotrophic and heterotrophic soil CO2 effluxes in afforested peatlands
Authors: Hermans Renée , McKenzie Rebecca , Andersen Roxane , Teh Yit Arn , Cowie Neil , Subke Jens-Arne
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Peatlands are a significant global carbon (C) store, which can be compromised by drainage and afforestation. Quantifying the rate of C loss from peat soils under forestry is challenging, as soil CO2 efflux includes both CO2 produced from heterotrophic peat decomposition and CO2 produced by tree roots and associated fungal networks (autotrophic respiration). We experimentally terminated autotrophic belowground respiration in replicated forest plots by cutting through all living tree roots (trenching), and measured soil surface CO2 flux, litter input, litter decay rate and soil temperature and moisture over two years. Annual peat decomposition (heterotrophic CO2 flux) was 115 ± 16 g C m−2 y−1, representing c. 40 % of total soil respiration. Decomposition of needle litter is accelerated in the presence of an active rhizosphere, indicating a priming effects by labile C inputs from roots. This suggests that our estimates of peat mineralization in our trenched plots are conservative, and underestimate overall rates of peat C loss. Considering also input of litter from trees, our results indicate that the soils in these 30 year-old drained and afforested peatlands are a net sink for C, since substantially more C enters the soil as organic matter, than is decomposed heterotrophically. However, the C balance for these soils should be taken over the lifespan of the trees, in order to determine if the soils under these drained and afforested peatlands are a sustained sink of C, or become a net source over longer periods of forestry.
North Atlantic marine biogenic silica accumulation through the early-to-mid Paleogene: implications for ocean circulation and silicate weathering feedback
Authors: Witkowski Jakub , Bryłka Karolina , Bohaty Steven M. , Mydłowska Elżbieta , Penman Donald E. , Wade Bridget S.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Paleogene history of biogenic opal accumulation in the North Atlantic provides insight into both the evolution of deep-water circulation in the Atlantic basin, and weathering responses to major climate shifts. However, existing records are compromised by low temporal resolution and/or stratigraphic discontinuities. In order to address this problem, we present a multi-site, high-resolution record of biogenic silica (bioSiO2) accumulation from Blake Nose (ODP Leg 171B, western North Atlantic) spanning the early Paleocene through late Eocene time interval (~65‒34 Ma). This record represents the longest single-locality history of marine bioSiO2 burial compiled to date and offers a unique perspective into changes in bioSiO2 fluxes through the early-to-mid Paleogene extreme greenhouse interval and subsequent period of long-term cooling. Blake Nose bioSiO2 fluxes display prominent fluctuations that we attribute to variations in sub-thermocline nutrient supply via cyclonic eddies associated with the Gulf Stream. Whereas few constraints are available on the bioSiO2 flux pulses peaking in the early Paleocene and early Eocene, a middle Eocene interval of elevated bioSiO2 flux between ~46 and 42 Ma is proposed to reflect nutrient enrichment due to invigorated overturning circulation following an early onset of Northern Component Water export from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea at ~49 Ma. Comparison of our North Atlantic record against published Pacific bioSiO2 flux records indicates a diminished nutrient supply to the Atlantic between ~42 and 38 Ma, interpreted as a response to weakening of the overturning circulation. Subsequently, a deep-water circulation regime favoring limited bioSiO2 burial in Atlantic and enhanced bioSiO2 burial in the Pacific was established after ~38 Ma, likely in association with a further invigoration of deep-water export from the North Atlantic. We also observe that Blake Nose bioSiO2 fluxes through the middle Eocene cooling interval (~48 to 34 Ma) are consistently higher than background fluxes throughout the late Paleocene‒early Eocene interval of intense greenhouse warmth. This observation is consistent with a temporally variable rather than constant silicate weathering feedback strength model for the Paleogene, which would instead predict that marine bioSiO2 burial should peak during periods of extreme warming.
The Chinese and the chief's tree: framing narratives of socionature and development in Kibwezi, Kenya
Authors: Lawrence Mark
Published: May 2021

Abstract. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) exploits increased permeability of all kinds of boundaries even as old rhetorics of sovereign space are reanimated. This paper examines a very local example of impacts in Kibwezi, Kenya. Regarding more than a century of local land disputes, BRI's “dreamscape” (Jasanoff and Kim, 2015) can be repurposed especially given persistence of sacred geographies of wood and water access. These mathembo landscapes are less refuges for emasculated traditional customs and institutions than resources that are as much affective as they are material in their revitalization to meet the contexts of changed times. Such “socionatures” (Swyngedouw, 1996) energize multiple answers to questions of who gets to imagine the future and how much latitude others have to participate in particular designed futures as they see fit. As it turns out, dreamscapes may be opposed not only by equally grandiose alternative narratives but also by more localized imaginaries, and while dreamscapes are future-oriented, alternatives referencing the past can compete well.
Industrial robot-based system design of thickness scanning measurement using ultrasonic
Authors: Liu Haibo , Liu Baoliang , Lian Meng , Li Pingping , Liu Tianran , Li Te , Wang Yongqing
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Wall thickness is one of the core indicators for measuring the quality of large thin-walled parts such as rocket siding and
aircraft skin. However, the traditional handheld thickness measurement method has high labor intensity, low efficiency and poor accuracy
consistency. Therefore, an in situ ultrasonic automatic scanning thickness measurement method for large thin-walled parts based on industrial robots is proposed. This “industrial robot + ultrasound” integrated function is a
compact system, and a set of innovative methodological or technical solutions is presented, such as (i) TCP and UDP communication protocols being constructed to realize a high-speed and stable communication relationship
between the upper computer, robot motion controller and ultrasonic thickness measurement unit; (ii) a coupling gap adjustment method based on eddy-current sensors being adopted to ensure the adaptability of the ultrasonic probe to surface topography of the measured part during scanning
measurement; and (iii) a multi-sensor coordinate unified model and coupling gap state discrimination model being established for robot-aided thickness
measurement. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a series of
calibrations and experiments were designed based on the KUKA robot platform and the developed ultrasonic pulse measurement system. Finally, the industrial
robot-based ultrasonic thickness scanning measurement has been built and tested for performing the measurement of a rocket tank wall.
Deformation-enhanced diagenesis and bacterial proliferation in the Nankai accretionary prism
Authors: Famin Vincent , Raimbourg Hugues , Andréani Muriel , Boullier Anne-Marie
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Understanding diagenetic reactions in accreted sediments is critical for establishing the balance of fluid sources and sinks in accretionary prisms, which is in turn important for assessing the fluid pressure field and the ability for faults to host seismic slip. For this reason, we studied diagenetic reactions in deformation bands (shear zones and veins) within deep mud sediments from the Nankai accretionary prism (SW Japan) drilled at site C0001 during IODP Expedition 315, by means of microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction, and major-trace element analyses. Deformation bands are not only more compacted than the host sediment, but are also enriched in framboidal pyrite, as observed under microscopy and confirmed by chalcophile element enrichments (Fe, S, Cu, As, Sb, Pb). In tandem, clays in deformation bands undergo a destabilization of smectite or illite/smectite mixed layers, and/or a slight crystallization of illite, which is matched by a correlated increase in B and Li compared to the host sediment. The two diagenetic reactions of sulfide precipitation and clay transformation are both explained by a combined action of sulfate-reducing and methanogen bacteria, which strongly suggests an increased activity of anaerobic microbial communities localized in deformation bands. This local bacterial proliferation was possibly enhanced by the liberation of hydrogen from strained phyllosilicates. We suggest that the proliferation of anoxic bacteria, boosted by deformation, may participate in the pore water freshening observed at depth in accretionary prisms. Deformation-enhanced metabolic reactions may also explain the illitization observed in major faults of accretionary prisms. Care is therefore needed before interpreting illitization, and other diagenetic reactions as well, as evidence of shear heating, as these might be biogenic instead of thermogenic.
Recent observations of superimposed ice and snow ice on sea ice in the northwestern Weddell Sea
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Haas Christian , Meyer Hanno , Peeken Ilka , Krumpen Thomas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Recent low summer sea ice extent in the Weddell Sea raises questions about the contributions of dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric and oceanic energy fluxes. The roles of snow, superimposed ice, and snow ice are particularly intriguing, as they are sensitive indicators for changes in atmospheric forcing, and as they could trigger snow-albedo feedbacks that could accelerate ice melt. Here we present snow depth data and ice core observations of superimposed ice and snow ice collected in the northwestern Weddell Sea in late austral summer of 2019, supplemented by airborne ice thickness measurements. Texture, salinity, and oxygen isotope analyses showed mean thicknesses of superimposed and snow ice of 0.11 ± 0.11 m and 0.22 ± 0.22 m, respectively, or 3 to 54 % of total ice thickness. Mean snow depths ranged between 0.46 ± 0.29 m in the south to 0.05 ± 0.06 m in the north, with mean and modal, total ice thicknesses between 4.12 ± 1.87 m to 1.62 ± 1.05 m, and 3.9 m to 0.9 m, respectively. These snow and ice properties are similar to results from previous studies, suggesting that the ice’s summer surface energy balance and related seasonal transition of snow properties have changed little in past decades. This is supported by our additional analyses of the summer energy balance using atmospheric reanalysis data, and melt onset observations from satellite scatterometry showing little recent changes.
Subseasonal prediction of springtime Pacific–North American transport using upper-level wind forecasts
Authors: Albers John R. , Butler Amy H. , Breeden Melissa L. , Langford Andrew O. , Kiladis George N.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Forecasts of Pacific jet variability are used to predict
stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) and tropical-to-extratropical
moisture export (TME) during boreal spring over the Pacific–North American
region. A retrospective analysis first documents the regionality of STT and
TME for different Pacific jet patterns. Using these results as a guide,
Pacific jet hindcasts, based on zonal-wind forecasts from the European Centre
for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Integrated Forecasting System, are
utilized to test whether STT and TME over specific geographic regions may be
predictable for subseasonal forecast leads (3–6 weeks ahead of time). Large
anomalies in STT to the mid-troposphere over the North Pacific, TME to the
west coast of the United States, and TME over Japan are found to have the best
potential for subseasonal predictability using upper-level wind forecasts. STT
to the planetary boundary layer over the intermountain west of the United
States is also potentially predictable for subseasonal leads but likely only
in the context of shifts in the probability of extreme events. While STT and
TME forecasts match verifications quite well in terms of spatial structure and
anomaly sign, the number of anomalous transport days is underestimated
compared to observations. The underestimation of the number of anomalous
transport days exhibits a strong seasonal cycle, which becomes steadily worse
as spring progresses into summer.
Digital Smile Design : Predictable Results
Authors: ÖLÇER US Yeşim , YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Emir , ALBAYRAK Berkman , ÖZDEMİR Gökhan
Published: May 2021

Increasing aesthetic preferences and technological changes in dentistry have been planned towards time, resulting in predictable, more aesthetic and more functional results. Firstly, the development of digital dentistry, especially the CAD/CAM systems, following these developments, the ability to make smile designs with the effect of digitalization in anterior restorations led to the emergence of reliable and more guaranteed restorations for both the patient, dentist and dental technician. This review summarizes the information and offers suggestions with features to be considered in digital smile design and digital smile design softwares.
Can asymptomatic Chron’s disease be diagnosed in patients with iron deficiency anemia by CT-enterograhpy?
Authors: AVCIOĞLU Ufuk , İDİL SOYLU Ayşegül
Published: May 2021

It is difficult to diagnose Crohn's disease in the asymptomatic period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of CT enterography (CTE) in the diagnosis of asymptomatic Crohn's disease (CD) with small intestine involment in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). 250 patients who underwent CTE examination between 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively scanned. 45 patients who had endoscopic examinations and diagnosed with IDA were included in the study. While one or more pathological findings to explain IDA were observed in 31 (68%) patients with endoscopic examinations, findings that could be explained as CD sequelae were observed in 4 (8.8%) patients. No lesions were observed by CTE in 10 (22.2%) patients. Diagnosis is difficult in mild forms of Crohn’s disease or in periods of remission. In this period, CTE can contribute to the diagnosis as it can also show extraluminal findings.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Clostridium Difficile Infection and Its Relationship with Fecal Occult Blood Test
Authors: ŞENEL Tuğba , AYYILDIZ Talat
Published: May 2021

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an important health problem with severe morbidity and mortality. In our study, 266 adult patients admitted to the hospital between the years 2005 and 2020, and were diagnosed with CDI were included. The relationship between CDI and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) was examined, and it was aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of CDI patients and risk factors for mortality and recurrence in these patients. FOBT was found to be positive in 42.8% of our CDE patients who had occult blood in stool. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (PME) developed in 2.2% of our patients and toxic megacolon developed in 0.8%; while 10.2% of the patients had a mortal course within 30 days and 5.2% of them had a recurrence. In our study, a significant relationship was found between mortality and advanced age, negativity of FOBT, presence of hospitalization history, and also between FOBT positivity and the presence of PME and recurrence. We believe that the data documented in this study are important because it both reveal the clinical characteristics of CDI patients and its relationship with FOBT.
Management of the Gastrointestinal System Bleeding Caused by Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: ACAR Şencan , EMİNLER Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants include dabigatran, which is a thrombin inhibitor, and rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, which are anti-Xa agents. These are administered in the secondary prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE), in the prophylaxis of VTE that may develop after major elective orthopedic surgery, in reducing stroke and systemic embolism that may occur in non-valvular atrial fibrillation, whereas its use in acute coronary syndrome is still controversial. Although it is specified that direct-acting oral anticoagulants are as effective as heparin therapy and reduce the risk of bleeding due to all causes, many important studies have also reported that they increase the risk of gastrointestinal system (GIS) bleeding.