bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRAKTIK KEHIDUPAN EKONOMI PEKERJA WANITA PADA PABRIK ROKOK GUDANG GARAM MERAH (APACHE) DALAM TEORI GENDER
Authors: Maghfuroh Wahibatul
Published: September 2020

Women work because of the heavy family burden, and the lower economic demands cause a female worker to work at the Gudang Garam Merah company known as the "Apache Cigarette" in Paiton Probolinggo so that it can ease the burden on the husband and the burden on their family. . With the wages or income they have received, it can ease their family's burden and can create a prosperous family. And this can be seen in women workers who work at the Red Salt Warehouse Cigarette company. The formulation of the problem is how the reality that occurs in women who work in the Red Salt Warehouse (Apache) in Paiton Probolinggo and how the economic life practices of women workers in the red salt cellar cigarette factory in Paiton Probolinggo and analyzed with Gender theory. Data analysis method used is qualitative data analysis with descriptive analytic or content analysis (Content Analysis). author's analysis of women working at Gudang Garam cigarettes Behind the high level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia, there is an industry worth tens of millions with hundreds of thousands of people who depend their lives on this industry. The types of labor that are absorbed by the tobacco industry are mostly female and this is a custom that occurs in the Paiton area. to balance the role in the husband's family must have a permanent job that generates money to work with one another, to meet each other's daily needs so that there is no imbalance between the husband and wife in working in the household.
KEBINEKAAN BERAGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Subekti Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Munculnya istilah politik identitas ketika menjelang pelaksaaan pilkada serentak dan pemilu baru-baru ini di Indonesia, telah memantik kekhawatiran akan keutuhan bangsa Indonesia yang berbenika ini, terutama dalam kebinekaan beragama. Indonesia masih dalam tahap menumbuhkan kebinekaan yang sesungguhnya setelah begitu lama berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu, dalam kondisi Orde Baru yang represif. Persoalan terbesar saat ini adalah apakah kita masih memiliki benih-benih toleransi dalam keberagaman kita ? Apakah keluarga demi keluarga, masing-masing umat beragama dan para pemimpin di aras lokal hingga tertinggi telah menerapkan toleransi beragama dalam keseharian ? di era milenial ini Indonesia membutuhkan ratusan juta benih unggulan toleransi dalam beragama guna menjadikan Indonesia sebagai rumah bersama yang nyaman untuk semua. Oleh karena itu merawat kebinekaan beragama adalah tugas kita dari komunitas masing-masing. Dan tulisan ini adalah salah satu sumbangsih kami demi menjaga keutuhan bangsa dan Negara Indonesia yang tercinta.
MEMELIHARA TURATS FIQH ISLAM DI DUNIA PESANTREN (MERAMBAH FIQH LOKAL-TRADISIONAL MENUJU HUKUM ISLAM YANG UNIVERSAL)
Authors: Asfiyak Khoirul
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini secara garis besarnya membahas pertama, tentang perubahan paradigma lembaga pesantren dari lembaga tradisional menjadi lembaga yang open-minded terhadap perubahan global di sekitarnya, kedua, upaya pesantren dalam menginternalisasi nilai-nilai syariah sebagai modal awal bagi perubahan paradigma itu menuju perubahan yang lebih baik lagi dan ketiga, upaya pesantren mendiagnosa beragam tantangan pengembangan kajian fiqhiyah di era virtual ini. Ketiga persoalan itu muncul sebagai akibat upaya otokritik terhadap dunia pesantren yang sudah memiliki usia yang tua dalam perannya memajukan kajian keagamaan yang bersentuhan langsung dengan masyarakat namun peran dan kontribusinya masih belum maksimal. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian metode kajian atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai penelitian library research yang lebih mengedepankan kajian berupa gagasan konseptual daripada mengamati gejala-gejala yang muncul di kehidupan nyata. Oleh karena penelitian ini berupa kajian pada gagasan konseptual, maka persoalan akan didekati lewat serangkaian analisis logis dan argumentatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pesantren sudah mulai menggeliat dari keterpurukannya mengkaji tema-tema tradisional menuju pada gagasan-gagasan baru yang lebih aktual, selian itu pesantren juga sudah mulai mengenali beragam potensi dirinya untuk menjawab beragam tantangan kontemporer yang terjadi di era revolusi 4.0 ini. Kata kunci: Fiqh Islam, Dunia Pesantren,Hukum Islam Universal.
POLITIK IDENTITAS KIAI (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KALANGANYAR SEDATI SIDOARJO)
Authors: Faisol Ach
Published: September 2020

Ada kesan bahwa politik identitas muncul dari monoritas yang ditindas baik oleh negara terhadap negara lain, negara melawan rakyatnya sendiri, komunitas warga negara terhadap komunitas lain dari sesama warga negara, pengikut agama tertentu dengan pengikut agama lain, dan seterusnya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk membuktikan apakah politik identitas dapat muncul dari mayoritas. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penelitian lapangan dengan mengamati, bertemu fave to face, berteman, dan bergaul selama bertahun-tahun dari 1995 hingga 2019. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa politik identitas dapat muncul dari mayoritas. Politik identitas tidak selalu datang dari minoritas; Politik identitas tidak selalu identik dengan kekerasan; Ekspresi Politik identitas Kiai tampil dalam bentuk “lembut” baik ketika dalam kondisi penuh “tekanan” oleh penguasa maupun ketika dalam kondisi “bebas” karena menjadi penguasaPolitik identitas tidak selalu datang dari minoritas; Politik identitas tidak selalu identik dengan kekerasan; Ekspresi Politik identitas Kiai tampil dalam bentuk “lembut” baik ketika dalam kondisi penuh “tekanan” oleh penguasa maupun ketika dalam kondisi “bebas” karena menjadi penguasa Kata kunci: Politik, Identitas, Kiai
EKLEKTISISME MAHDZAB (TALFIQ) DALAM PERSPEKTIF USHUL AL FIQH
Authors: Alfa Fathur Rahman
Published: September 2020

Ulama mutaakhirin menghukumi tidak diperbolehkannya  beribadah yang “overlapping” dalam bingkai mahdzab, dengan berdasarkan berbagai hukum yang berbeda-beda diantara Imam Imam mahdzab. Bahkan sebagian ulama Hanafiah dan Syafiiyah mengatakan bahwa talfiq itu diperbolehkan secara ijma’. Tetapi seorang ahli ushul Fiqh asal Syiria, Wahbah Al Zuhaili mengatakan: bahwa batalnya talfiq secara mutlaq masih memerlukan argumentasi dan dalil yang kuat, karena bagaimanapun hal ini memerlukan perincian dan pengamatan yang cermat diantara sekian pendapat ulama antar mahdzab. masalah talfiq hukum yang hanya bertujuan tatabbuu’r rukhash, artinya mencampur aduk hukum dalam satu masalah dari berbagai mahdzab dan atau berbagai pendapat dari mujtahid/mufti, dengan maksud mencari keringanan-keringanannya saja. Mengenai tatabbuu’r rukhash (mencari keringanan-keringanannya saja), ini dapat disimpulkan dalam beberapa pendapat: Pertama, fuqaha yang melarang orang mencari yang ringan-ringan saja dari berbagai mahdzab pada tiap-tiap masalah. Kedua beberapa ulama terdapat memperbolehkan talfiq harus berdasar udzur. Bila talfiq dilakukan oleh suatu negara dalam pembentukan suatu peraturan yang akan dijalankan umat islam, maka tidak ada alasan untuk menolaknya karena suatu Negara dalam berbuat untuk umatnya berdasarkan kemaslahatan umum.Kata kunci: Eklektisisme Mahdzab (Talfiq) Perspektif Ushul Al Fiqh
TELAAH ISTINBATH HUKUM IMAM SYAFII TENTANG KADAR SUSUAN YANG MENGHARAMKAN PERNIKAHAN
Authors: Hayatudin Amullah
Published: September 2020

Fiqih Munakahat mengatur bahwa hubungan persusuan menjadi sebab haramnya penikahan. Namun yang menjadi permasalahan adalah berapa kadar susuan yang dapat mengharamkan pernikahan. Dalam hal ini peneliti berusaha mengkaji pendapat salah satu ulama besar yaitu Imam Syafii terkait dengan Kadar susuan yang mengharamkan Pernikahan. Jenis penelitian dalam penilitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan pendekatan bersifat deskriptif analisis. Dan Hasil studi ini menunjukan hasil bahwa imam syafii dalam istinbath-nya dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu dengan al-Quran Surat An Nisa ayat 23 dan al-Sunnah. Dalam memahami ayat 23 Surat An Nisa tersebut, imam syafii berpendapat bahwa ayat tersebut masih bisa ditakhsis dengan hadits riwayat Aisyah. Sehingga menurut Imam Syafii kadar susuan yang mengharamkan pernikahan adalah lima kali susuan yang terputus-putus.
POLIGAMI DALAM BERBAGAI PERSPEKTIF
Authors: Faisol Ach
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini ditulis dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan : Mengapa poligami menjadi polemik yang tak kunjung usai ? Penulis berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan besar tersebut dengan mengkaji poligami dari berbagai perspektif dengan library research sebagai basis penelitiannya yang dikelola dengan paradigma integrasi–interkoneksi-multidisipliner. Hasilnya adalah bahwa boleh tidaknya berpoligami bergantung dari perspektif mana kita melihat. Dengan demikian, setidaknya kajian ini memberikan semacam pegangan bagi para pemerhati studi tentang poligami.
Kemaslahatan dalam Fiqh Islam (Jawaban atas pandemi Covid-19) Ahmad Subekti
Authors: Subekti Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Fiqh (baca : Hukum Islam) dan perubahan sosial adalah bagaikan dua sisi dari sekeping mata uang. Satu dengan lainnya senantiasa terkait dalam perjalanan waktu dan tempat. Maka ketika Fiqh yang merupakan sebuah produk pemahaman atau pemikiran atas suatu teks (Al - Qur'an dan Al - Hadits) bersinggungan dengan perubahan sosial tentunya ia harus sanggup melakukan dialog dengan setiap wacana yang berkembang termasuk menghadapi kejadian yang luar biasa seperti adanya pandemi Covid-19 ini, sehingga pencapaian substansi yang ada di balik pemahaman itu yang tak lain adalah kemaslahatan akan senantiasa dapat dicapai. Sebagaimana dikatakan dalam kaidah Fiqh : dar 'u al mafasidi muqaddamun 'ala jalbi al mashalihi (menolak kemafsadatan, lebih didahulukan dari pada menarik kemaslahatan). Oleh karena itu tindakan preventif dalam menghadapi merebahnya pandemi Covid-19 harus lebih diutamakan.
Jual Beli secara Online dalam tinjauan Hukum Islam
Authors: MAGHFUROH WAHIBATUL
Published: September 2020

Online transactions are order transactions in a global era business model that is not face-to-face, with only conducting data transfers via cyberspace (data intercange) via the internet between the two parties, namely sellers and buyers, this information technology development enables remote transactions, where anyone can interact even without face to face (face to face). In online business the most important thing is the availability of information and the benefits. Or what is now better known as e-business or e-commerce, the type of research used in this research is library research, buying and selling online including aspects of muamalah which are basically permissible. Unless there is an argument forbidding it. In addition, the terms and conditions of online purchase agreement also do not conflict with the terms and conditions of the Islamic legal system of engagement.
Evolution of Inquiry Questions in a Cyclic Professional Development Program
Authors: Gruver John , Bowers Janet
Published: September 2020

Teachers in professional development (PD) programs need time to adopt, enact and reflect on what they are learning in the PD within their own situations. To encourage reflective implementation and adaptation of ideas and practices promoted in the PD studied in this article, participants were asked to engage in several small action research projects over time. To gain insights into how the cyclic process of implementation and reflection effected changes in practice and knowledge, we examined the nature of the research questions asked by a cohort of teacher-researchers (n=31) as they engaged in several cycles of action research over a three-year period. We found the nature of the questions they asked shifted over time from investigating the efficacy of particular interventions in terms of students' performance to exploring how to support students as they reason about mathematics. These results provoke questions about why these particular changes occurred and why others did not.
Contributing to Moving Action Research to Activism with Living Theory Research
Authors: Whitehead Jack
Published: September 2020

This paper follows the organisation of the successful proposal: 1) The research and action aims; 2) methodology, theoretical tools and methods; 3) results, outputs, program changes and events. The research aims are focused on the communication of meanings of relationally dynamic values in educational conversations in the generation of living-theories by activist scholars that carry hope for the flourishing of humanity. The action aims are focused on establishing a global educational conversation with a focus on improving practice with these values. The methodology, theoretical tools and methods are focused on the generation of their living-theories. The results, outputs, program changes and events demonstrate the spreading global educational influences of Living Theory research.
The Roles and Responsibilities of Action Research Networks in Times of Crisis: Lessons from the Action Research Network of the Americas
Authors: Call-Cummings Meagan , Hauber-Ozer Melissa , Rowell Lonnie , Ross Karen
Published: September 2020

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, we explore the perceived roles of action research networks during times of crisis and then consider our own experiences grappling with our responsibilities as members of the Action Research Network of the Americas (ARNA) in highlighting and building solidarity through its Knowledge Democracy Initiative and Social Solidarity Project. To critically reflect on our work, we consider the usefulness of Gaventa’s (1991) three strategies for knowledge democratization to action research networks in “perilous” times and the responsibility of action research scholars-advocates-activists-participants to anchor our work in an ethos of knowledge democracy. In conclusion, we issue a call to embrace critical, participatory forms of action research, and creative, new pathways for the work of knowledge democracy.
PENERAPAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Saputra Hendra Nelva , Salim Salim
Published: September 2020

This research aims to determine the application of teaching materials based on the skills of critical thinking in the Learning class XI SMA Negeri 1 Pasarwajo. This type of research is research quasi-experiment with design pretest-posttest group design. The treatment class consists of two classes, which are experimental classes taught with critical thinking skill-based teaching and control class taught with the teaching materials used by learners. The Data is analyzed by using the gain score normalized and continued with the Independent sample T-test at a level of significance of 5%. The results of this study showed a graph of increased experimental class critical thinking skills taught using critical thinking skill-based teaching materials are always higher than the control class taught with the teaching materials commonly used by learners in schools. Different test results (t-test) average Gain normalized critical thinking skills learn to demonstrate a significant difference between learning after receiving learning by using the teaching materials based on critical thinking skills compared to using teaching materials commonly used learners in schools with tvalue = 6, 322 is greater than this ttable = 1.671 at a = 0.05.
PROFIL PENGETAHUAN CALON GURU SD TERHADAP LITERASI AKSARA LOKAL SASAMBO
Authors: Widodo Arif
Published: September 2020

The literacy movement is not just a reading and writing activity, but also includes six basic literacies which include cultural literacy. The local script as part of local wisdom is one of the cultural heritage that should be preserved. This research is important to be carried out to determine the level of knowledge of prospective elementary school teachers of local characters, including the ability to read and write local characters. The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration in the preparation of the PGSD curriculum, especially in developing local content curriculum. The subjects of this study were students of PGSD at the University of Mataram. The method used is a mixed method. Data collection through surveys and interviews. The instruments used were questionnaires and interview guidelines. Data are presented in tables and diagrams. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical techniques. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that knowledge related to local literacy of elementary school teacher candidates is very low, with indicators of poor ability to read local scripts, write, copy, and only a few are able to mention local characters in sequence. The low literacy of local literacy elementary teacher candidates is exacerbated by the lack of literature owned and the low intensity of the use of local scripts. This causes motivation in learning local characters to be low because there is no practical use in daily life.
ASESMEN ALTERNATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH PADA MASA DARURAT PENYEBARAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal Faza
Published: September 2020

The implementation of distance education during the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic raises various problems, especially about the process of student learning assessment. Therefore there is a need for alternative assessment models that support good and effective distance learning processes, both for teachers and students. This paper seeks to provide an overview of alternative forms of assessment and evaluation, which can be used as a reference for educators in assessing and evaluating the learning outcomes of distance learners in the Corona pandemic that is sweeping Indonesia. This research is a type of library research. Researchers obtain data from the results of the study of literature from a variety of books, journals, scientific works, and also other documents that examine the assessment and evaluation of learning, both in general and specifically examine the assessment and evaluation of distance learning. The results of this study are several forms of assessment models that can be applied in the distance learning process, including online-based assessment, portfolio assessment, and self-assessment.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-GHAZALI DALAM MENGATASI SOSIAL DISORDER DI ERA DISRUPTIF
Authors: Muali Chusnul , Hidayati Nur
Published: September 2020

This research aims to provide an overview of the urgency of Islamic education as a shield from the problem of social disorder in humans. Islamic education has a very strategic position in the development of human nature. Therefore, the study of education has attracted many experts, one of them is Al-Ghazali. In his theory, introducing that one of the substances of education is al-aql (thinking) can determine human thinking that leads to positive or negative things depending on someone who reacts. The research used a descriptive-analytical type. With content analysis techniques. This research uses a library research type approach. The results show that Islamic education in the disruptive era is able to overcome the social disorders that exist in society. It is realized that Social disorder is a pest in people's lives that has side effects on a person, so it is not able to explore itself given the disruptive era brought a lot of progress in the field of science and technology.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL TEMATIK BERBASIS NILAI KARAKTER DAN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS)
Authors: Rozhana Kardiana Metha , Widodo Ganjar Setyo
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research and development is to produce character values and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based thematic module by using the research model of Borg & Gall, which is consisted of study preliminary, planning, development of the initial draft of product, validation test of expert, revision of validation test result, individual test, limited improvements trial results, extensive test, and refinement of the final product. The validation result of product validity is “very valid” with percentages of 90.3%. The analysis results of product implementation are 91%, which was categorized “implemented well”. The analysis results of practicality showed percentages 90%, the criteria very useful without any correction/revision. The effectiveness results showed percentages of 94% with very effective criteria. While the product attractiveness showed percentages of 97% with very attractive criteria that could be used without correction/revision.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
Authors: Sulaiman Ahmad , Azizah Siti
Published: September 2020

There is an assumption stating that the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach and critical thinking skills are not compatible with the context of Indonesian education. To answer that assumption, this systematic literature review verifies the effectiveness of PBL in honing the critical thinking skills of Indonesian students based on previous studies. This systematic review also examines the extent to which the research results are supported by appropriate research frameworks and methodologies. Searching for all research in reputable online databases with relevant keywords was carried out to obtain all studies within a span of ten years (2009-2018) that used PBL to evaluate or observe changes in students' critical thinking capacities. There are twenty studies that meet the inclusion criteria and are the material of analysis in this systematic literature review. Although almost all studies (n = 17) reported that PBL was effective in encouraging critical thinking skills, they did not have a clear variable framework and weak research design. In these studies, the PBL concept was very varied and the measurement instruments were not well constructed. This systematic review concludes that further research methodologically stronger and based on key and current literature is urgently needed. The studies will build sufficient support from the scientific community and practitioners to adopt PBL and think critically as paradigms and learning outcomes in Indonesia.
METODE DAN MODEL PEMBENTUKAN KESIAPAN GURU DALAM PRAKTIK PENDIDIKAN INKLUSI
Authors: Sholihah Wiyanti Maratus
Published: September 2020

The readiness of teachers to teach in inclusive classes is an important key in the implementation of inclusive education. In practice, there are still many teachers who are not ready to teach in inclusive classes. Therefore we need a method or model for developing teacher readiness. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review of the methods and models for establishing teacher readiness in the practice of inclusive education. Literature searches were carried out on eight databases, namely ERIC, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, SAGE, ProQuest, Emerald Insight, Google Scholar and Garuda. Keywords used in literature search are "Teacher Readiness" and "Inclusive Education"; "Teacher Readiness" and "Inclusive School": "Kesiapan guru" dan "Pendidikan Inklusi". A total of 10 articles (N = 1111) will be reviewed through a screening process based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. The results show that the strategy for developing teacher readiness is through training, courses and professional development.
Ability of mathematical problem solving on junior high school students with field dependent cognitive learning style
Authors: Rosmaiyadi Rosmaiyadi , Husna Nurul
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dengan gaya kognitif field dependent, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan belajar siswa pada materi Pythagoras. Jenis penelitian  ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dan didukung oleh instrumen tes, instrumen tes gaya kognitif dan pedoman wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang berkemampuan matematika tinggi, sedang dan rendah yang masing-masing berjumlah dua orang. Data  yang diperoleh dari penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan langkah reduksi data, penyajian data serta penarikan kesimpulan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa bergaya kognitif field dependent kelompok tinggi berkategori baik, siswa bergaya kognitif field dependent kelompok sedang dan kelompok rendah berkategori kurang baik pada tahap-tahap indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah, faktor internal yang mempengaruhi kemampuan belajar siswa meliputi ketidakmampuan menemukan konsep, strategi yang tidak tepat, tidak mampu melakukan proses perhitungan dan menyelesaikan masalah, tidak memahami materi dengan baik, kurang paham terhadap konsep pythagoras, malas, serta tidak teliti, sedangkan faktor eksternal meliputi, alokasi waktu, kondisi kelas yang ribut, tidak sungguh-sungguh, bermain-main, dan mengobrol, sehingga hasil yang diperoleh kurang maksimal.
Analysis of mathematical ability to solve PISA questions on quantity content
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Firdaus Andi Mulawakkan
Published: September 2020

Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan matematis dalam menyelesaikan soal PISA pada konten kuantitas pada siswa kelas X SMAN 2 Takalar yang berkemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dirancang untuk mengetahui kemampuan matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal PISA pada konten kuantitas. Data yang diolah adalah data kemampuan matematis siswa yaitu kemampuan penalaran matematis, kemampuan representasi matematis, dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pemberian tes, dan wawancara. Soal yang digunakan dalam tes mengukur kemampuan matematis adalah soal-soal yang diadaptasi dari PISA yang berjumlah 3 soal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh bahwa subjek dengan kemampuan tinggi memiliki ketiga kemampuan matematis, yaitu kemampuan penalaran matematis, kemampuan representasi matematis, dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Subjek dengan kemampuan sedang hanya memenuhi dua kemampuan matematis, yaitu kemampuan penalaran matematis, dan kemampuan representasi matematis, sedangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis belum terpenuhi karena Subjek dengan kemampuan sedang mampu mengidentifikasi masalah tetapi kurang mampu merencanakan atau menyelesaikan masalah dan pemeriksaan. Subjek dengan kemampuan rendah hanya memenuhi satu  kemampuan matematis yaitu kemampuan penalaran matematis.
DEVELOPMENT AND MODELING OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR THE AI-DRIVER IN THE COMPOSITION OF AN UNMANNED VEHICLE
Authors: Vlasov A. , Kruglova T.
Published: September 2020

Improving control systems for unmanned vehicles is the most urgent task in robotics. The use of such a tool as artificial neural networks can solve problems with intelligent and adaptive control. The existing concept of AI driver (driver with artificial intelligence) implies a system capable of controlling the speed and position of an unmanned vehicle in space. This article proposes a method for developing an artificial neural network for an AI-driver, taking into account the appearance of obstacles in the path of an unmanned vehicle, compiling an empirical database for training, and modeling the developed system to obtain both a control signal and a trajectory. The proposed system consists of two artificial neural networks that divide the task of driving an unmanned vehicle into two sub-tasks: processing data from rangefinders and generating a speed setting signal for the left and right drives. This approach reduces the retraining of the neural network and allows you to get a smaller training error. The use of artificial intelligence will make it possible to increase the functionality and reliability of control systems for unmanned vehicles.
FEATURES OF POST-WAR RESTORATION OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF ROSTOV-ON-DON
Authors: Moskalenko I.
Published: September 2020

The author considers the combination of tradition and innovation in the solutions of decoration of facades destroyed during the great Patriotic war, their relationship and influence on the formation of a new "identity" of the city. Pre-war and post-war photographs, as well as modern photographs and measurements of the architecture of the historic city center, are a useful tool for understanding the processes of formation of the architectural and artistic appearance of urban development. The study of archival materials allows to get an impression of the projected changes in the development of the main highways as part of the post-war restoration, their implementation and the impact that they had on the historical development of the city. The purpose of this work is to identify techniques for artistic and stylistic solutions of building facades in the framework of post-war reconstruction. As a result of changes in the stylistic design of the facades of buildings of the main highways of the city, the he development becomes more concise and calm forms, eliminating all elements that do not meet the requirements and attitude to pre-war styles. New elements are introduced that emphasize the ideology of power. During the restoration work, the differentiation between the main highways and secondary buildings is emphasized. It arose as a result of the investment of fixed assets (financial, human, material) in the reconstruction of the main highways.
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL TERRITORIES: ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PROTECTION REGIMES IN THE LEGISLATION ON CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS
Authors: Makarov S.
Published: September 2020

This article examines the problems of classification and establishment of administrative and legal regimes for the protection of various historical and cultural territories provided for by the legislation on the state protection of cultural heritage objects. As a result of the analysis of international legal acts, it is concluded that some provisions of the Russian legislation do not fully comply with international rules. The problem of legal regulation in terms of such territorial (planar) objects of cultural heritage as works of landscape architecture and landscape gardening is highlighted. Examples of a number of foreign countries with significant experience in establishing historical zones and cultural landscape protection are given. The indicated experience makes it possible to identify the redundancy of some provisions of the Russian legislation relating to historical settlements and historical and cultural reserves. The article offers the author's definition of historical and cultural territories, and also puts forward a number of proposals to change Federal legislation, in particular, to adjust the concept of a landmark and its types of objects, the legal regime of a landmark, to make changes to the legislation on museums- reserves, as well as to abolish the rules relating to historical and cultural reserves. The paper identifies promising areas for further research on this topic and ways to improve legislation on the protection of cultural heritage.
SPECIFICS OF URBAN PLANNING OF LARGE URBANIZED TERRITORIES IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. PART I: MONOPOLY OF MUNICIPAL PLANNING IN SWEDEN
Authors: Monastyrskaya M. , Peslyak O.
Published: September 2020

The article substantiates the relevance and expediency of studying the specifics of urban planning of typologically differentiated forms of urban settlement in the Scandinavian countries, the results of project detailing and / or subject implementation of which are considered by the world community to be the standards of urban formation. It is shown that the basis for preserving and maintaining the long-established "Nordic" urban planning style, inherent in the urban culture of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and potentiating the "reference" of design models and/or spaces and habitats, is the purposeful regulation and optimization by the criterion of sustainable development of relevant interactions of all components of the sphere of urban planning: paradigm, institutional, regulatory, urban-typological, technological, organizational, etc. The results of studying the process of formation and development of the system of urban planning and design in the Kingdom of Sweden – the undisputed leader of urban development in Scandinavia: the specifics of its functioning due to national urban planning traditions are characterized, and modern trends of its transformation are identified, predetermined by pan-European innovations and regional innovations in the field of spatial organization of the population's living environment. The results of the research can serve as an analog basis for improving the system of urban planning of systemic forms of urbanization in our country and, thus, contribute to the successful implementation of the spatial development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025. The results of the survey are of particular practical significance for the geostrategic territories of Russia that have historically been integrated with the "Circum-Baltic area" and are now part of the borders of the Baltic belt.
CLASSIFICATION AND ZONING OF RIVERINE TERRITORIES OF SMALL CITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BELGOROD REGION
Authors: Baklazhenko E.
Published: September 2020

Riverine territories of the city are a special functional and typological subsystem with constantly emerging environmental problems, experiencing a stable anthropogenic load and requiring the development of its own zoning system. The article presents the systematization of riverine territories with different typological characteristics, and examines the accumulated experience of landscape classification. Riverine territories are also considered as part of the general typology of urban anthropogenic landscapes. Based on a field study of riverine spaces within the boundaries of small towns of the Belgorod region, existing land categories and the most common functional zones are identified. The scientific research is based on a contextual, theoretical, empirical and practical analysis of urban municipal landscapes and riverine territories of the cities of Valuek, Korocha, Alekseyevka, Grayvoron, Shebekino, Biryuch, Novy Oskol. A generalized system of typological zoning for riverine territories of small cities is proposed. As a result of the study, three most common types of territory are identified: natural green areas, natural and anthropogenic landscapes and built-up areas.
HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF THE PROFESSION «ARCHITECT»: CHANGES IN REQUIREMENTS AND NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: Fedorova M. , Gorchatova A.
Published: September 2020

The rapidly changing world around us requires constant reflection and assessment of past changes and metamorphoses in order to prepare for the challenges of the future. The speed of change today is very high and every step aimed at adapting to these changes must have an appropriate basis. The cost of errors and delay increases many times. The article presents a brief history of the evolution of the profession of architect abroad and in Russia, with an emphasis on the methods of training future architects and the disciplines studied. The retrospective analysis is aimed at identifying patterns and features of the development of professional skills from ancient times to the present. It allows us to assess how much the attitude to the profession, approaches to education and the status of the architect has changed over the past time, how gradually there was a transition from a «significant figure in society» to a «blurring of the boundaries» of the profession, its branching. The analysis of current trends presented in the second part aims to formulate the requirements for which it is necessary to prepare future specialists in the field of architecture (the development of Smart cities and co-participating design), as well as to evaluate approaches to the participation of architects in the development of Smart cities abroad.
POZZOLANE AND CORROSION-INHIBITING PROPERTIES OF THE NATURAL ZEOLITE TUFF
Authors: Smorodinova T. , Kotvanova M.
Published: September 2020

In this article the activity of the zeolite tuff of the Lulinsky deposit of Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug –Yugra to calcium and sulfate ions has been evaluated . The components of zeolite tuff bind these ions to sparingly soluble products. The experimental results obtained show that tuff can be used as a natural pozzolan. Concerning the reaction products, the dynamics of the phase composition of cement paste with the zeolite tuff additives during hardening is shown. Supplementation promotes hydrolysis of alite, while the content of calcium hydrosulfoaluminate increases. The dynamics of strength and the compression of cement paste without an additive and with the zeolite tuff additive are estimated. The possibility and efficiency of using of zeolite tuff as a reinforcing additive to Portland cement is shown. It was found that a 5 % zeolite tuff additive with a particle size of 5-10 μm at 7 days increases the compressive strength by 15 %, and at 28 days by 21 %. The study of the calcium hydroxide leaching kinetics from cement stone is showed that a 5 % zeolite tuff additive leads to suppression of the leaching process and indicates anticorrosion properties of additives.
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF ACTIVE MINERAL ADDITIVES FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Larsen O. , Aleksandrova O. , Naruts V. , Polozov A. , Bakhrakh A.
Published: September 2020

Improving the technology of construction production contributes to improving the quality of construc-tion of hydraulic structures and their reliability. In recent decades, rolled compacted concrete has be-come widespread in the construction of dams in our country and in world practice. The technology of rolled compacted concrete in hydraulic engineering projects has a number of advantages: it reduces labor costs and expenses, allows fully mechanization the concreting process with implement of high-performance equipment, and thereby increases the rate of construction of massive structures. The use of mineral fillers in rolled concrete will reduce heat generation, contribute to a reduced adiabatic rise in the temperature of concrete, improve its performance and increase durability. The test method for assessing pozzolanic activity of volcanic scoria, fly ash, crushed powder of basalt and volcanic tuff by degree of absorbed lime from a saturated calcium hydroxide solution with a simultaneous change in volume is described. The studies have shown that volcanic scoria and crushed powder of basalt are additives with the lowest volume increase at the age of 30 days, they show the high pozzolanic proper-ties and can be selected as initial pozzolanic materials for production rolled compacted concrete with significant economic and environmental advantages.
THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CLAYS OF THE SAZDINSKY DEPOSIT IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC BRICK
Authors: Shakurova N. , Doroganov E. , Bedina V. , Trepalina Yu. , Dobrinskaya O. , Pilenko A.
Published: September 2020

Ceramic bricks is one of the most popular architectural finishing and structural materials. It has high efficiency and decorative properties. Expanding the raw material base of clay deposits in the production of ceramic bricks is an urgent task. In order to assess the possibility of using clays from the Sazdinsky Deposit (Aktobe region) in the production of ceramic bricks. Studies are conducted on four sections of clays from this deposit. The chemical and mineralogical composition of clays is studied, and the rational composition of raw materials is calculated. It is revealed that the studied clays have a polymineral composition, the main rock-forming minerals are kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. According to the classification of A. I. Augustinik, the technological purposes of the studied clays are evaluated. The phase composition of samples heat-treated at different temperatures is studied. Based on the data of chemical and mineralogical composition of raw materials, technological properties of clays, physical-mechanical and operational indicators, it is established that the clays of three sites are suitable for the production of ceramic bricks by plastic molding. Phase composition of the obtained ceramic materials based on clays of four sites at a firing temperature of 1050 ° C are represented by quartz, hematite, anorthite, mullite, hematite and cristobalite. The strength of the fired samples of all clays corresponds to the brand 150-200. It is found that a more frost-resistant brick is obtained from the clays of the second section.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Rifaximin Therapy for Lowering Gut-Derived Cardiovascular Toxins and Inflammation in CKD
Authors: Kimber Cassandra , Zhang Shiqin , Johnson Cassandra , West Raymond E. , Prokopienko Alexander J. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Yu Alan S. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Ir Diana , Robertson Charles E. , Miyazaki Makoto , Chonchol Michel , Jovanovich Anna , Kestenbaum Bryan , Frank Daniel N. , Nolin Thomas D. , Stubbs Jason R.
Published: September 2020

Background

Recent evidence suggests the systemic accumulation of by-products of gut microbes contributes to cardiovascular morbidity in patients with CKD. Limiting the generation of toxic bacterial by-products by manipulating the intestinal microbiota may be a novel strategy for reducing cardiovascular disease in CKD. Rifaximin is a minimally absorbed, oral antibiotic that targets intestinal pathogens and is commonly used as chronic therapy for the prevention of encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of a 10-day course of oral rifaximin 550 mg BID versus placebo on circulating concentrations of gut-derived cardiovascular toxins and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with stage 3–5 CKD (n=38). The primary clinical outcome was change in serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations from baseline to study end. Secondary outcomes included change in serum concentrations of p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, kynurenic acid, deoxycholic acid, and inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-1β), and change in composition and diversity of fecal microbiota.

Results

A total of 19 patients were randomized to each of the rifaximin and placebo arms, with n=17 and n=14 completing both study visits in these respective groups. We observed no difference in serum TMAO change (post-therapy minus baseline TMAO) between the rifaximin and placebo groups (mean TMAO change −3.9±15.4 for rifaximin versus 0.5±9.5 for placebo, P=0.49). Similarly, we found no significant change in serum concentrations for p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, kynurenic acid, deoxycholic acid, and inflammatory cytokines. We did observe differences in colonic bacterial communities, with the rifaximin group exhibiting significant decreases in bacterial richness (Chao1, P=0.02) and diversity (Shannon H, P=0.05), along with altered abundance of several bacterial genera.

Conclusions

Short-term rifaximin treatment failed to reduce gut-derived cardiovascular toxins and inflammatory cytokines in patients with CKD.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number Rifaximin Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT02342639
The Triangle Defense for Financial Reporting Quality: The Interplay between Internal Auditing, the Audit Committee, and the External Auditor
Authors: Susanto Djoko
Published: September 2020

The internal audit function, audit committee, and external auditor are three crucial stakeholders of corporate governance that safeguard the quality of financial reporting. In this article, I discuss the interrelationships between these monitoring mechanisms. I also provide insights about what we have learned from academic research about the working relationships between these three governance entities. This article should be of interest to academic researchers as well as to corporate stakeholders, which include management, investors, regulators, and Dewan Komisaris members. Future researchers can make use of this article as they contribute more work in areas related to auditing, monitoring and corporate governance, and financial reporting quality. Insights from this article can also guide corporate stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of the internal audit, audit committee, and external auditors in their organizations.
MUSEUM COLLECTIONS OF OBJECTS OF CHUVASH CHILDREN'S CULTURE: ANALYSIS AND NEW APPROACHES IN THE PRESENTATION OF MATERIALS
Authors: Egorova О. V. , Dmitrieva I. V.
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the specifics of the Museum collections of Chuvash children's culture based on the analysis of real (Museum exhibits), field sources and published literature. Unique objects and documents about the world of material culture of Chuvash childhood are kept in the museums of Russia. The authors analyzed children's Museum collections. Museum materials on childhood are grouped according to the following features: child care and play activities. New approaches in the presentation of stock materials focused on the use of modern information technologies in order to improve the efficiency of museums’ work, especially with children.
THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF A PARTISAN FIGHT OF THE VOLUNTEERS FROM IZHEVSK IN 1942-1943
Authors: Perevoshchikov D.V.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with some previously little-known aspects of the participation of volunteers from Izhevsk in the partisan detachment that functioned in the occupied by Hitler’s forces territory of Leningrad region in 1942-1943. The research was realized on a basis of the archival documents. A part of the materials was included in a science use for the first time. The paper contains the biographical data about many combatants of the collective. The author presents the information about serious problems faced by Izhevsk volunteers in the enemy's rear. The causes of setbacks of the partisan party are revealed. The paper throws light on the fates of many combatants of the subdivision. The author documented that some of the combatants were captured by enemy soldiers but despite all the hardships they survived and returned to Izhevsk. The experience of volunteers was successfully used for organization and combat work of the partisan party that formed in Udmurtia in summer of 1943.
PERSONNEL TRAINING FOR CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF NATIONAL REPUBLICS IN USSR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1960s - THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1980s
Authors: Beloshapka N. V.
Published: September 2020

The article examines certain problems associated with the adopted policy and the established practice of training national personnel for cultural institutions of the union and autonomous republics. The author presents data that make it possible to understand the specifics of the admission of applicants and the distribution of ready-made specialists, as well as the system of postgraduate training in the field of art. When studying the identified problems, the archival documents of the USSR Ministry of Culture, as well as the culture department of the CPSU Central Committee were used. From the analysis of the documents, we can conclude that during the period under review, the maximum possible was done to increase the number of specialists with higher education in the national republics. The personnel shortage of such specialists in some regions was associated to a greater extent with the problem of “fixing” graduates at the place of distribution, rather than with the system of training national personnel at the level of university and postgraduate education.