bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Metatarsal Artery Balloon Angioplasty for Toe Salvage in Critical Limb Ischemia: A Case Report
Authors: Rundback John H
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To report a case of percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) performed in the second metatarsal artery for treatment of a non-healing forefoot wound without proximal intervention. Methods and Results: An 80-year-old diabetic woman with a 1.5-year history of a non-healing right second digit ulcer refractory to conservative management underwent a lower extremity arteriogram. Angiography demonstrated unobstructed flow from the aortic bifurcation through to the pedal arch, with an isolated occluded segment in the second metatarsal artery wound supply. This was treated with 1.5 mm balloon angioplasty, with completion angiography demonstrating restored flow to the wound base. There were no procedural events and the wound completely healed after 9 months. Conclusion: Isolated angioplasty of the arteries distal to the pedal arch may be technically feasible and clinically valuable in selected cases.
The Ongoing Myth of TIPIC-Syndrome
Authors: Croo Alexander , Katrien Van Lierde , Steven Van Offel , Sam Beeckman , Elke Vereecke
Published: December 2023

Carotidynia is characterized by intense localized pain and tenderness at the level of the carotid bifurcation. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes vascular pathologies, infectious diseases or malignancies. Recent evidence now suggests a distinct entity called Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery or TIPIC syndrome. The diagnosis is made per exclusionem and is based on typical radiological findings. This paper describes the clinical examination, laboratory results, radiological findings and treatment based on two case reports. TIPIC syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome which is usually a self-limiting disease of which a vascular surgeon should be aware.
An Abdominal Aortic Endoprosthesis as an Iliac Branch Device for the Preservation of Common Iliac and Internal Iliac Arteries in a Patient with a Common and Internal Arteries Aneurysm and a Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: César Álvarez Fernández , David González Solís Luis , Anaya-Ayala Javier E , Alfonso Rodríguez Cabrero Rubén
Published: December 2023

Introduction: An iliac artery aneurysm (IAA) is characterized by an increase in the vessel's diameter of more than 1.5 times that of normal. There are numerous similarities between iliac and aortic aneurysms in terms of their natural histories, risk factors, and key treatment philosophies. Objectives: To report the use of an abdominal aortic endoprosthesis as an iliac branch device in a patient with a type B aortic dissection, multiple comorbidities, and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and the right common and internal iliac arteries. Methods: Male patient, 58, brought to hospital with type B aortic dissection and other comorbidities. The patient was released after a successful TEVAR procedure in which we implanted 1 thoracic endoprosthesis and 2 thoracic segments. A post-TEVAR CT is taken, and EVAR (endovascular aneurysm repair) planning is completed. In order to do the EVAR surgery, we inserted a covered stent and a 23mmx14mmx18cm abdominal aortic endoprosthesis into the right common iliac artery to act as an iliac branch device. There are no endoleaks in the final aortography. Results: The treatment was successful, and there is no sign of any problems in the control CT and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions: An aortic abdominal endoprosthesis can work well as an iliac branch device despite the existence of other iliac branch devices. With adequate preparation, the two-stage operation can enhance the results for patients with type B aortic dissection.
On Émile Durkheim’s educational ideas based on selected views from L’evolution pédagogique en France
Authors: Albański Łukasz , Krywult-Albańska Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

Wprowadzenie. Prace Émila Durkheima są klasycznymi pozycjami w socjologii wychowania. Ich lektura pozwala lepiej poznać teoretyczne podstawy jego koncepcji wychowania, jego poglądy oraz przemyślenia na temat znaczenia wychowania i edukacji w ówczesnej Francji. Cel. W artykule szczególną uwagę poświęcono pracy zatytułowanej L'evolution pédagogique en France, która jest dziełem mniej znanym polskiemu czytelnikowi z całej triady wykładów zebranych w tomach tego wybitnego socjologa. Celami artykułu są wskazanie kontekstów towarzyszących pracy É. Durkheima oraz dyskusja nad wybranymi problemami zawartymi w tej książce. Materiały i metody. W artykule zastosowano krytyczną analizę pracy É. Durkheima oraz przegląd literatury przedmiotu. Wnioski. L’evolution pédagogique en France zawiera szereg interesujących informacji, które pozwalają na inne spojrzenie na koncepcję wychowania É. Durkheima. Wskazał on, że chociaż systemy wartości w poszczególnych społeczeństwach różniły się od siebie, to sformułowanie spójnej koncepcji wychowania moralnego zależało od wartości oraz ewolucji zasad i reguł w danym społeczeństwie. Oznaczało to, że nie można „zapożyczać” elementów obcych kulturowo z innych systemów, a kluczem do zmian w systemie edukacji było poznanie społecznych czynników, które przyczyniły się do sformułowania zasad moralnych i poglądów na edukację w poszczególnych epokach.
Taboos surrounding the sexuality of Polish youth – an attempt to diagnose the phenomenon
Authors: Kościółek Jakub , Romanowska Jadwiga
Published: December 2023

Wprowadzenie. Seksualność młodzieży to w Polsce temat tabu. Pozostawienie młodzieży bez edukacji seksualnej, bagatelizowanie i zniekształcanie istoty rozwoju psychoseksualnego sprawia, że młode osoby nie rozumieją procesów zachodzących w ich ciałach, nie
dysponują wiedzą o zdrowiu, normach, emocjonalności oraz budowaniu relacji i – wreszcie – nie rozumieją własnej seksualności. W rezultacie młodzież ponosi tego koszty zarówno emocjonalne, jak i behawioralne. Cel. Tekst, przywołując najważniejsze pozycje z zakresu omawianej tematyki, ma na celu zarysowanie – najistotniejszych zdaniem autorów – wątków związanych z seksualnością młodzieży, które wciąż niewystarczająco są poruszane w dyskursie naukowym i edukacyjnym. Materiały i Metody. Analiza danych zastanych – artykułów naukowych, monografii oraz raportów z badań. Wyniki. Autorzy sygnalizują pola badawcze, które należałoby pogłębić rzetelnymi badaniami empirycznymi, takie jak: edukacja seksualna, dostęp młodzieży do pornografii, przemoc na tle seksualnym, ryzykowne zachowania dzieci i młodzieży, zagadnienie młodzieży LGBT+, a wreszcie niemal całkowicie pomijany wątek seksualności młodzieży z niepełnosprawnościami.
To Compare the Short-Term Outcome of Open Repair versus Laparoscopic Repair in Abdominal Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Muhammad Jawad , Altaf Maaz Bin , Khan Sanan , Bibi Samina , Niazi Eeman Asghar
Published: December 2023

Background: Incisional hernia is a common complication post abdominal surgery. Its effective management is crucial for patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. This study aims to evaluate and compare the short-term outcomes of open and laparoscopic incisional hernia repair techniques.
Objective: The study's objectives are twofold: 1) To ascertain the short-term outcomes, specifically focusing on the length of hospital stay, operative time, wound infections, and recurrence rate in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic incisional hernia repair, and 2) To compare these outcomes between open and laparoscopic repair methods.
Methods: A randomized design was employed, with patients assigned to either Group A (open repair) or Group B (laparoscopic repair) using computer software. The duration of surgery, from the first incision to skin closure, was timed with a digital stopwatch. Patients were followed up for one month with specific attention to any redness, persistent pain, or fever. The key outcome parameters assessed were operative time, hospital stay duration, incidence of wound infection, and hernia recurrence.
Results: Group A exhibited a 9.9% wound infection rate and 51.1% recurrence rate, with 39.0% of patients achieving satisfactory outcomes. In contrast, Group B demonstrated a 13.5% wound infection rate, a notably lower recurrence rate of 11.3%, and 75.2% of patients reported satisfactory outcomes.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair shows superior outcomes compared to open repair regarding wound infection, recurrence rate, patient satisfaction, operative time, and length of hospital stay.
Efficacy of Oral Apremilast in The Treatment of Alopecia Areata, at The Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Sanawar Parisa , Ghafoor Rabia , Asadullah Khadija , Jabeen Nazia , Siddiqui Faiza , Qadir Misbah
Published: December 2023

Background: Alopecia Areata (AA) presents a significant challenge in dermatology due to its unpredictable nature and psychological impact. Recent studies have focused on oral Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, for its potential efficacy in treating AA.
Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of oral Apremilast in treating alopecia areata at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Dermatology at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 2022 to June 2023. The study enrolled 85 patients exhibiting various symptoms of AA. Apremilast was administered orally at 30 mg twice daily, following a 5-day initial titration dose. The Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT score) was employed to measure treatment effectiveness at the outset, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data analysis was executed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Participants had an average age of 28.34 years (SD = 4.20), with a gender distribution of 51 women (60.0%) and 34 men (40.0%). The study demonstrated a significant decrease in SALT Scores from 62.42 ± 5.17 to 41.53 ± 13.44 at Week 12 (mean difference: 20.89, 95% CI: 17.86 to 23.92, p-value: 0.0001), indicating a notable reduction in AA severity. Oral apremilast was found to be effective in treating AA in 80.0% of patients.
Conclusion: The study concludes that oral Apremilast significantly reduces the severity of alopecia areata, as evidenced by the decline in SALT Scores from baseline to Week 12. These findings suggest that oral Apremilast may serve as a viable alternative treatment for AA, deserving further clinical exploration.
Assessment of Proteinuria in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Albuminuria and Non-Albumin Proteinuria
Authors: Humayun Aqsa , Abbasi Muhammad Sheraz , Saif Mohsin , Baig Yastoor , Hassam Bhalli  , Habib Muhammad Farrukh
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health concern characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other complications. Proteinuria, the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, is a key indicator of kidney damage in CKD. Among the types of proteinuria, albuminuria (excessive albumin in the urine) is particularly significant. This study aims to delve into the prevalence and implications of both albuminuria and non-albumin proteinuria (NAP) in CKD patients, offering insights into their diagnostic and prognostic value.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and association of albuminuria and NAP in CKD patients.
Methods: Conducted at Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March to September 2023, this prospective study included 385 CKD patients. Convenience sampling was utilized. Participants underwent medical history reviews, clinical evaluations, blood tests, and provided three morning urine samples. The study defined albuminuria as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) of ≥3 mg/mmol in at least two out of three samples. Isolated NAP was indicated by a urine protein to creatinine ratio (uPCR) of ≥17 mg/mmol in two out of three samples and uACR <3 mg/mmol in all samples.
Results: In this study of 385 CKD patients, 54.5% (210 individuals) were male, and 45.5% (175) were female. Proteinuria of albuminuria was observed in 24.6% of patients. Specifically, 76 patients (19.7%) had abnormal uACR levels in their initial test. On follow-up tests, 65 patients (16.8%) showed albuminuria based on at least two out of three positive uACR measurements. The study also found that 55 patients (14.2%) had a mixed profile of albuminuria and NAP, while 20 patients (5.1%) exhibited isolated albuminuria. Moreover, 135 individuals (35%) had 'high normal' albuminuria (uACR 1-3 mg/mmol).
Conclusion: The study concluded that albuminuria is distinctly associated with CKD. While albuminuria can be initially detected with one uACR sample, accurate quantification requires three measurements.
Immunity to Yellow Fever, Oropouche and Saint Louis viruses in a wild howler monkey
Authors: Almeida Marco Antônio Barreto de Almeida , Cardoso Jáder da Cruz , Dos Santos Edmilson , Romano Alessandro Pecego Martins , Chiang Jannifer Oliveira , Martins Lívia Carício , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Bicca-Marques Júlio César
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Exploring School Culture: Technical report for data collection
Authors: Smith Emil
Published: December 2023

The following is a description of the process of selecting and recruiting schools, classrooms and teachers for the completion of the Exploring School Culture (ESCU) survey. The ESCU-survey was part of the “Exploring School Culture” research project, funded by the Velux foundation. The survey was collected among Danish 6th and 9th students and their respective mathematics and Danish teachers, during the first half of 2019. The following topics will be addressed: Survey development and validation Sampling process Recruitment Non-response Comparison of respondents to full population of students The full questionnaires are specified in the appendix.
Hvor er de i dag? De gamle, sønderjyske frugtsorter
Authors: Tørsleff Mads Mikkel
Published: December 2023

Da Museum Oldemorstoft i 2014 fik mulighed for at anlægge en frugthave som bevarings- og formidlingssted for frugtsorter – selvfølgelig med hovedvægt på de sønderjyske – indledte museumsinspektør Mads Mikkel Tørsleff en undersøgelse af, hvilke sønderjyske sorter, man historisk har anvendt, og hvorvidt de findes i dag. Det er disse to spørgsmål, der søges besvaret med denne artikel.
Pligt, tvang og tilhørsforhold
Authors: Christensen Steffen Lind
Published: December 2023

I eftertidens fortællinger om nordslesvigernes deltagelse i 1. verdenskrig nævnes ofte et tvangsaspekt, idet soldater fra det  danske mindretal i Nordslesvig måtte kæmpe for den statsmagt, som undertrykte deres nationalitet. Der peges også på, at  mange havde håb om tysk nederlag i krigen, men ikke desto mindre opfyldte langt de fleste dansksindede deres pligt, ligesom  de samlet set udgjorde pålidelige soldater i den tyske hær. Hvordan forklarer man dette paradoks? Hvordan opfattede  dansksindede soldater krigspligten i samtiden, og hvordan kunne den forliges med deres egne selvopfattelser og  tilhørsforhold? Disse spørgsmål søger denne artikel at give svar på.
Der gaar som en Brusen igennem vort Land….
Authors: Dam-Jensen Elsemarie
Published: December 2023

Årene 1919-1920 var en hektisk tid i Sønderjylland præget af store politiske beslutninger og historiske begivenheder, der  spillede ind på alle sønderjyders liv. Verdenskrigen kastede stadig skygger, men afstemning og genforening bragte samtidig  masser af glæde og fester, hvor fællessang var en central del af aktiviteterne. Artiklen beskæftiger sig med de sanghæfter, som  er bevaret, både fra de store fester i landsdelen og fra de lokale fester ude omkring i forsamlingshusene og andre steder, hvor  festerne foregik. Desuden belyses sangens rolle i afstemnings- og genforeningstiden. Til sidst i artiklen omtales nogle af de  erindringer, der kendes om sangen i perioden.
The Semantics of Grammaticalization
Authors: Fenyvesi Katalin
Published: December 2023

The primary meaning of the Danish verb prøve is “to use one’s best ability to do a certain activity or to reach something; make an attempt”; nevertheless, it is also used about activities that do not require one’s best ability. In these cases, it can be argued, the verb has been grammaticalized. The first aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between the literal and the grammaticalized meanings of the verb using NSM (natural semantic metalanguage), based on corpus examples and speaker judgements. Data have shown that the grammaticalized meaning of prøve is reduced when used in the imperative, because it does not contain the assumptions of the speaker as does the non- grammaticalized meaning. On the other hand, the grammaticalized meaning has acquired a new pragmatic feature, namely the friendly attitude of the speaker. The second aim is to describe how the grammaticalized meaning of prøve is related to the Danish “meaning universe”. The analysis has shown that the grammaticalized meaning of prøve includes the element “the speaker wants the conversational partner to feel something good”, which is in accordance with Danish cultural values
The situation in Gaza – will cruelty and hatred triumph?
Authors: Dhai A
Published: December 2023

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Features of the organization of engineering and geocryological monitoring of highways operated in areas of permafrost distribution
Authors: Khimenkov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Sergeev Dmitrii Olegovich , Kulakov Artem Pavlovich , Romanov Andrei Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2023

The object of study is to assess the state of engineering-geocryological monitoring of geotechnical systems (GTS) of highways in the area of permafrost distribution. The subject of the study is a set of measures to collect, process and accumulate data on road deformations, identify the causes of their occurrence and make decisions to eliminate them. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the causes of deformations of highway objects in different geocryological conditions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of various options for obtaining primary information. From the very beginning of operation, highways in the permafrost zone are subject to intense deformations, which resume after repair and restoration work. The main conclusions of the study are: deformations on highways in the permafrost zone are caused by a complex of reasons associated with intense phase transitions of water in rock strata, which fundamentally distinguishes them from similar geosystems formed in more southern regions; engineering and geocryological monitoring of the objects under consideration must be carried out on the basis of interaction between the operating organization, the structure providing scientific support and the center for making management decisions; The existing regulatory framework does not correspond to the problems that arose during the operation of highways in the permafrost zone.
Flouting the Truth: A Pragmatic Study of Conspiracy Beliefs at the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Falco Gaetano
Published: December 2023

Abstract Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, a multitude of conspiracy theories have started floating around which ascribe the origins of the virus to a range of causes. Against this backdrop, the chapter aims at demonstrating how conspiracy beliefs are linguistically created in news and social media. For this purpose, adopting an approach which combines Grice’s Cooperative Maxims with the principles of Cognitive Linguistics, our study delves into a set of documents available on free online fact-checking organizations as well as Tweets, Facebook posts and speeches released by influential voices and ordinary people. The research demonstrates how unconventional metaphors and metonymies, unexpected syntactic patterns and dispreferred windowing of attention, as well as other linguistic devices, contribute to flouting or violating the Maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relevance and Manner (Grice 1975; 1989) thus constructing false claims and mis-/dis-information.
Interaction of Melatonin with Zwitterionic Model Lipid Membranes
Authors: Santhosh Poornima , Slavkova Zdravka , Yotova Nevena , Genova Julia
Published: December 2023

Melatonin is a key hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. It interacts strongly with cell membranes and plays a protective role in several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Hence, studies on the interaction of melatonin with lipid bilayer membranes have gained importance. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the influence of different concentrations (0 to 15 mol%) of melatonin on the thermal and structural properties of zwitterionic stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC) lipid bilayer model systems by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results have shown that melatonin interacts with the membrane in a concentration-dependent fashion, induces patch formation, and alters the phase behaviour by reducing the main phase transition temperature. FTIR data has shown that increasing the melatonin concentration caused a reduction in the wavenumber of C=O and PO$$_{2}^-$$ antisymmetric stretching vibrations corresponding to the ester carbonyl and phosphate groups of SOPC lipids. This indicates the possibility of strong hydrogen bonding of melatonin with the SOPC lipids and nearby water molecules in the environment, suggesting its preferential location near lipid heads at the interfacial region. These results help to understand the organization and interactions of melatonin with membranes and provide insights to develop safe melatonin-based formulations for pharmaceutical applications.
Missing Cases of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding when Investigating the Etiology of Iron Deficiency
Authors: Özbilen Muhammet
Published: December 2023

Due to incorrect answers to simple questions like ``Do you have heavy menstrual bleeding?'', heavy menstrual bleeding, the most prevalent cause of iron deficiency in women, is underdiagnosed. In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, menstruating female patients who applied to the iron deficiency outpatient clinic between April and September 2021 were analyzed. Scores on the picture bleeding assessment chart (PBAC) and complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding were recorded. The chi-square test and confusion matrix were conducted. There were 157 patients in the sample. There were 82 patients who said they did not have heavy menstrual bleeding, while 75 patients said they did ($$\chi^2(1)=19.7$$, $$p<0.001$$). Sixty percent of patients who did not report significant bleeding had a PBAC score greater than 100, with a median score of 184. The Chi-square test revealed a significant difference between complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding (yes/no) and PBAC (normal/high). The negative predictive value was calculated to be 40.2, while the false miss rate was 59.8%. Six out of ten patients who are investigated for iron deficiency and whose primary cause is heavy menstrual bleeding may be overlooked by this query. In such etiologic investigations, much more objective methodologies, such as PBAC, should be applied.
Method for Quantitative Assessment of Olecranon Fossa Using 3D Hand-held Laser Scanner in the Field of Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Timonov Pavel , Fasova Antoaneta , Brainova Ilina , Baltadjiev Atanas , Nikolova Ana
Published: December 2023

The study is based on a creation of virtual model of olecranon fossa through 3D visualization and its usage as a sex discriminant. The study was focused on an assessment of 135 complete humeri from 47 females and 88 males. The surface of olecranon fossa was captured in a 3D image, using a Hand-held Laser Scanner (FastSCAN). The result was a 3D shape comprising two tetrahedrons with a common apex and a common lateral face. This 3D model was determined by five landmarks: the most superior point of the olecranon fossa, the most lateral point of the olecranon fossa seen on the posterior surface, the most medial point of the olecranon fossa, the point on the inferior edge of the olecranon fossa, directly in the middle, and the deepest point into the fossa. Therefore, the volume of the virtual model was equal to the total of the volumes of these two tetrahedrons. The results were processed with SPSS 17.0 using Discriminant Function Analysis. The percentage of cases classified correctly is 92.5% according to the sex determination. This study demonstrates a 3D method which can be used successfully for sex determination, especially in case of highly fragmented bones that impede traditional anthropometric analyses.
Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers with Different Final Irrigation Protocols
Authors: Özcan Bilge , Biçer Burcu , Şaklar Feridun , Bal Lena
Published: December 2023

This study aims to evaluate the bond strength of bioceramic root canal sealers, with different final irrigation protocols. A total of 104 human upper incisor teeth were selected for applying four different irrigation solutions (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Chlorine Hexidine Gluconate (CHX), Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), and Distilled Water (D.W)) and two root canal sealer protocols (Endosequence BC (BC), Well-Root ST (ST)), in this in vitro study. After root canal treatment specimens were sectioned to three parts (coronal, middle, and apical). Push-out bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine (Zwick-Roel, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Regardless of the irrigation protocol and sealer used, the highest bond strength values were obtained from the apical section ($$p<0.05$$). 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX + 17% EDTA + D.W statistically showed the highest bond strength value and 2% CHX + 17% EDTA + 2% CHX group showed the lowest value in this study ($$p<0.05$$). The bond strength values of Endosequence BC Sealer were statistically higher than the bond strength values of Well Root ST ($$p<0.05$$). According to the final irrigation, Endosequence BC Sealer and Well Root ST root canal sealers showed the highest bonding strength in  CHX + EDTA + D.W and NaOCl + EDTA + NaOCl groups.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of hadal snailfish reveals mechanisms of deep-sea adaptation in vertebrates
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Zhu Chenglong , Gao Xueli , Wu Baosheng , Xu Han , Hu Mingliang , Zeng Honghui , Gan Xiaoni , Feng Chenguang , Zheng Jiangmin , Bo Jing , He Li-Sheng , Qiu Qiang , Wang Wen , He Shunping , Wang Kun
Published: December 2023

As the deepest vertebrate in the ocean, the hadal snailfish (Pseudoliparis swirei), which lives at a depth of 6,000–8,000 m, is a representative case for studying adaptation to extreme environments. Despite some preliminary studies on this species in recent years, including their loss of pigmentation, visual and skeletal calcification genes, and the role of trimethylamine N-oxide in adaptation to high-hydrostatic pressure, it is still unknown how they evolved and why they are among the few vertebrate species that have successfully adapted to the deep-sea environment. Using genomic data from different trenches, we found that the hadal snailfish may have entered and fully adapted to such extreme environments only in the last few million years. Meanwhile, phylogenetic relationships show that they spread into different trenches in the Pacific Ocean within a million years. Comparative genomic analysis has also revealed that the genes associated with perception, circadian rhythms, and metabolism have been extensively modified in the hadal snailfish to adapt to its unique environment. More importantly, the tandem duplication of a gene encoding ferritin significantly increased their tolerance to reactive oxygen species, which may be one of the important factors in their adaptation to high-hydrostatic pressure.
Samtaler i korpusformat
Authors: Diderichsen Philip , Jensen Torben Juel
Published: December 2023

LANCHART-korpusset udgøres dels af optagelser indsamlet i forbindelse med dialektologiske og sociolingvistiske projekter i 1960’erne, 1970'erne og 1980'erne, dels af optagelser af samtaler indsamlet af Sprogforandringscentret på Københavns Universitet mellem 2005 og 2015. Geografisk dækker korpusset en række lokaliteter bredt fordelt i Danmark samt danske udvandrersamfund i Argentina, Canada og USA. Korpusset er i TextGrid-format, hvilket muliggør en direkte kobling mellem transskriptionerne og lydoptagelserne samt fleksibel annotation af ord og længere tekstpassager. Korpusset er for nylig blevet relanceret i en ny søgeinfrastruktur baseret på Corpus Workbench (CWB) og den brugervenlige søgegrænseflade Korp, som udover hurtige og fleksible søgninger udmærker sig ved at være open source software der frit kan udvides med ny funktionalitet. Indlæsning af korpusdata i konkordansværktøjer som Korp kræver data i lineært format, hvilket medfører særlige problemstillinger i forhold til samtaledata, hvor der ofte forekommer overlap mellem talerne. I artiklen diskuterer vi disse problemstillinger og præsenterer vores løsning i form af en ny partiturvisning, der viser taledataene med lydsporet synkroniseret til transskriptionen.
Nordisk-nordtysk kontakt i backspegeln
Authors: Goll Sabrina , Höder Steffen , Paetzke Sarah , Sternitzke Nina
Published: December 2023

Dialektologisk forskning har traditionellt fokuserat på individuella språk. Tvärspråklig areallingvistik har å andra sidan sällan tagit hänsyn till inomspråklig variation. Projektet GrammArNord (Grammatisk arealitet i Norden och norra Tyskland) kombinerar ett dialektologiskt med ett arealtypologiskt och ett kontaktlingvistiskt perspektiv. Det syftar till att identifiera och kartlägga grammatiska drag som är gemensamma för både nordiska och nordtyska varieteter (både standardspråken och icke-standardspråkliga varieteter såsom dialekter och regiolekter) samt att identifiera typiska areala mönster som återspeglar karaktäristiska historiska språkkontaktscenarion. Projektet bygger på ett arealitetsbegrepp som innefattar inte bara den geografiska utan även den sociala och den situationella dimensionen. Dess empiriska bas utgörs av befintliga grammatiska dialektbeskrivningar och andra dokumentariska resurser. Artikeln presenterar projektets teoretiska och tekniska bakgrund samt diskuterar ett exempel på vilken typ av analys det möjliggör.
Grønlandske dialekter og retskrivningen
Authors: Trondhjem Naja Blytmann
Published: December 2023

I artiklen beskrives dialektale forskelle som er et resultat af migrationerne af Thulekulturen. Tre migrationer former dialekterne vestgrønlandsk, østgrønlandsk og nordgrønlandsk. Dialekterne imellem er der både leksikale og lydlige forskelle, hvor østgrønlandsk og nordgrønlandsk skiller sig meget mere ud end de vestgrønlandske dialekter. Centralvestgrønlandsk er basis for standardsproget og standardiseringen af sproget startede allerede i midten af 18-tallet, hvor det i dag bruges i det offentlige institutioner samt i skolerne, som undervisningssprog.
Sprogholdninger i center og periferi
Authors: Monka Malene , Maegaard Marie , Pharao Nicolai
Published: December 2023

Artiklen præsenterer resultaterne af en undersøgelse af underbevidste sprogholdninger til lokale, regionale og københavnske stemmeprøver i en mindre by og et lokalt center i Sønderjylland og Nordjylland. Resultaterne er vidt forskellige. I Nordjylland er der ikke store forskelle mellem vurderingerne i center og periferi, her er sprogbrugen ikke vigtig for vurderingerne, til gengæld vurderes drengestemmer konsekvent mere positivt end pigestemmer. I Sønderjylland vurderes de lokale, dialekttalende stemmer positivt i den mindre by, imens de københavnske stemmer opvurderes i det lokale center. Resultaterne tolkes inden for rammerne af sociolinguistic change (Coupland 2009) og ses som en afspejling af forskelligartede samfundsudviklinger, der har medført forskellige grundlag for sproglig opmærksomhed og for brugen af lokal sprogbrug. Resultaterne gør det muligt at fremsætte hypoteser om, at regionale nordjyske træk formentlig vil blive brugt også i fremtiden, hvorimod sønderjysk dialekt brugt som umarkeret hverdagssprog formentlig ikke har nogen fremtid.
Forestillinger om storby og landsby – og valg af dialekt eller standard
Authors: Hovmark Henrik
Published: December 2023

In this article we explore possible correlations between the use of dialect/standard on one hand and ideas about place (village/city) and future (education/job) on the other, among 28 15-year-old pupils in a dialect-speaking area of ​​Southern Jutland in Denmark. Taking advantage of the fact that all pupils were interviewed, by a dialect- as well as standard-speaking researcher, we analyze the population as a whole, as a small social field. We suggest that the population is characterized by four, supra-individual positions: 1) locally oriented, dialect-speaking (primarily) boys; 2) regionally oriented, (recently) standard-speaking girls; 3) a dialect-speaking position oriented away from the village, towards technical higher education (boys), having few experiences with the supra-local; and 4) a standard-speaking or code-shifting position oriented towards big cities and academic education (boys/girls), having multiple experiences with the supra-local. We argue that the idea of future place (as opposed to occupation) is backgrounded in position 3), making this position a possible challenge to the notion of place in sociolinguistics. And we argue that the local place is no longer at stake in position 4), allowing for a positive assessment of both village and city. We briefly discuss the relevance of individuel life stories, network and overarching socially instituted discourses, as well as methodological challenges and/or advantages with analyses combining objective language data and subjective experience data.
From black screens to mediating means
Authors: Schofield Daniel
Published: December 2023

The paper reports on an empirical case study that explores innovative teaching practices in higher education, including digital, physical, and blended learning activities. The study followed the Master’s course ‘Experts in Teamwork’, where the students worked with practical assignments based on real-life challenges formulated by an external collaboration partner, which included actors from the health care department, the school management, and the ICT management in the local municipality. The students also gained experience with creative media production and worked with various digital tools and software.

The findings show that the students experienced the project as motivating, highly educational and relevant to working life. It seems that digital tools contributed to flexibility, particularly for interactivity with the external partners and for group work. Both for students and the teachers the use of screens and software like Zoom and Teams opened for new ways of thinking about collaboration and provided an extended learning space and increased learning potential. However, screens also imply limitations, for example in terms of communication noise, possible passive forms of participation or even withdrawal from some of the students. Moreover, practices that include digital, physical and hybrid learning activities are highly complex, which require that the activities are particularly well planned and thoughtfully organized. The learning situation is therefore characterized by increased demands and expectations - for both students, teachers, and the institutions.
Validating osteological correlates for the hepatic piston in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Grand Pré Clinton A. , Thielicke William , Diaz Jr Raul E. , Hedrick Brandon P. , Elsey Ruth M. , Schachner Emma R.
Published: December 2023

Unlike the majority of sauropsids, which breathe primarily through costal and abdominal muscle contractions, extant crocodilians have evolved the hepatic piston pump, a unique additional ventilatory mechanism powered by the diaphragmaticus muscle. This muscle originates from the bony pelvis, wrapping around the abdominal viscera, extending cranially to the liver. The liver then attaches to the caudal margin of the lungs, resulting in a sub-fusiform morphology for the entire “pulmo-hepatic-diaphragmatic” structure. When the diaphragmaticus muscle contracts during inspiration, the liver is pulled caudally, lowering pressure in the thoracolumbar cavity, and inflating the lungs. It has been established that the hepatic piston pump requires the liver to be displaced to ventilate the lungs, but it has not been determined if the lungs are freely mobile or if the pleural tissues stretch ventrally. It has been hypothesized that the lungs are able to slide craniocaudally with the liver due to the smooth internal ceiling of the thoracolumbar cavity. We assess this through ultrasound video and demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively that the pulmonary tissues are sliding craniocaudally across the interior thoracolumbar ceiling in actively ventilating live juvenile, sub-adult, and adult individuals (n = 7) of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) during both natural and induced ventilation. The hepatic piston is a novel ventilatory mechanism with a relatively unknown evolutionary history. Questions related to when and under what conditions the hepatic piston first evolved have previously been left unanswered due to a lack fossilized evidence for its presence or absence. By functionally correlating specific characters in the axial skeleton to the hepatic piston, these osteological correlates can be applied to fossil taxa to reconstruct the evolution of the hepatic piston in extinct crocodylomorph archosaurs.
Relationship between walking speed, respiratory muscle strength, and dynamic balance in community-dwelling older people who required long-term care or support and used a daycare center
Authors: Jiroumaru Takumi , Hyodo Yutaro , Wachi Michio , Shichiri Nobuko , Ochi Junko , Fujikawa Takamitsu
Published: December 2023

Background

Focusing on the relationship between frail older people and gait speed is vital to minimize the need for long-term care or increased support. The relationship between gait speed, respiratory muscle strength, and dynamic balance, is not well understood in older people requiring long-term care or support. Therefore, this study aimed to provide new insights into the relationship between gait speed, respiratory muscle strength, and dynamic balance in community-dwelling older people who required long-term care or support and used a daycare center.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 49 community-dwelling older people (21 men, 28 women) aged ≥65 years who were certified as requiring long-term care or support under the Japanese system. The participants’ maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), walking speed (maximal and normal walking speed), and maximal double-step length test (MDST) results were recorded. The measurement data were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

Results

Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed correlations between PImax and the following: maximal walking speed (r = 0.606, p < 0.001), normal walking speed (r = 0.487, p < 0.001), and MDST (r = 0.435, p = 0.002). Correlations were also observed between PEmax and the following: maximal walking speed (r = 0.522, p < 0.001), normal walking speed (r = 0.467, p < 0.001), and MDST (r = 0.314, p = 0.028). Moreover, a correlation was found between MDST and both maximal walking speed and (r = 0.684, p < 0.001) and normal walking speed (r = 0.649, p < 0.001). The effect size was 0.379. Multiple regression analysis using a forced entry method with maximal walking speed as the dependent variable showed that maximal walking speed was significantly associated with MDST (p < 0.001) and PEmax (p = 0.036), with an effect size of 0.272. The model’s adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.593 (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis using a forced entry method with normal walking speed as the dependent variable showed that normal walking speed was significantly associated with MDST (p < 0.001) and PEmax (p = 0.021), with an effect size of 0.272. The model’s adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.497 (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis using a forced entry method with MDST as the dependent variable showed that MDST was significantly associated with PImax (p < 0.025), with an effect size of 0.243. The model’s adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.148 (p = 0.017).

Conclusions

Respiratory muscle strength and dynamic balance were related to walking speed in older people requiring long-term care or support.
Complejidad ambiental de una laguna costera de un ecosistema de manglar
Authors: Castro-Castro Vicente , Rivera-Velázquez Gustavo , Peralta-Meixueiro Miguel Angel , López-Rasgado Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

Laguna Pampa El Cabildo es una laguna costera dentro de un ecosistema de manglar y que forma parte del área natural protegida El Cabildo Amatal, por lo que su conservación debe ser una prioridad para los tres niveles de gobierno y para la sociedad. El objetivo se centró en la propuesta de construcción de un índice de complejidad ambiental de la laguna de estudio, empleando algunas variables ambientales, a partir de la estadística inferencial (p<0.05), un índice de construcción sencilla y de fácil entendimiento. Bimensualmente, durante la marea alta diurna (MAD) y marea alta nocturna (MAN), se realizaron mediciones por cuadruplicado de temperatura (°C), salinidad, oxígeno disuelto (mg/L), pH y turbidez (UNT) en 11 sitios (S) de muestreo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables analizadas (promedio, desviación estándar, valor mínimo y valor máximo), se exploraron similitudes espacio-temporales (análisis de conglomerados) y se propuso un índice de complejidad ambiental (ICAM), teniendo como base el análisis de varianza, con niveles que van de un sistema muy heterogéneo/complejo a un sistema homogéneo/no complejo. Se registró una amplia variación promedio de los factores analizados entre meses y una menor variación entre sitios. El análisis de similitud destacó, en cuatro de las cinco variables analizadas, similitudes en los S1 y S2, sugiriendo esta área como una unidad ambiental distinta al resto de la laguna. Los ICAM calculados describen una laguna temporalmente compleja (0.25 y 0.35) y espacialmente poco compleja (0.69 y 0.79) tanto en MAD como en MAN respectivamente. Se sugiere considerar las unidades ambientales y los niveles de complejidad identificadas en este estudio, en decisiones de conservación de la laguna.
Caracterización y manejo del grado de complejidad de los componentes y biodiversidad y su efecto en las arvenses y macrofauna edáfica de tres fincas integrales en el occidente de Nicaragua
Authors: Quiroz-Medina Conrado Ronaldo , Bárcenas-Lanzas Miguel Jerónimo
Published: December 2023

Caracterización y manejo del grado de complejidad de los componentes y biodiversidad y su efecto en las arvenses y macrofauna edáfica de tres fincas integrales en el occidente de Nicaragua. El funcionamiento eficiente de las fincas agropecuarias depende de las interacciones que ocurre en los componentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el grado de complejidad en tres fincas integrales en el occidente de Nicaragua. El grado de complejidad de los diseños y manejo de la biodiversidad, se determinó con 6 componentes y 64 indicadores, cada indicador se evaluó mediante la escala de Vázquez. Se determinó la diversidad de la macrofauna aplicando la metodología recomendada por el Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme (TSBF), se realizaron 24 monolitos por fincas. Se determinó la diversidad y abundancia de las arvenses, con la técnica de muestreo de transectos con 50 m de largo por un metro de ancho, se aplicó ocho transectos por fincas, en cada transecto se realizó cinco puntos de muestreos a una distancia de 10 m, realizando 40 puntos de muestreo por finca. Las tres fincas estudiadas poseen un coeficiente de diseño y manejo de su biodiversidad medianamente complejo. La mayor abundancia promedio de macrofauna edáfica se encontró en la finca Verdum, La finca Santa Ana y Girasol presentaron resultados similares de densidad promedio de macrofauna edáfica con 0.49 y 0.51 individuos/monolito, la mayor abundancia se encontraron en los primeros 10 cm. En la finca Girasol se encontró el mayor número de taxa de arvenses con 32 especies y 22.58 ind. m-2, finca Verdum y Santa Ana se encontraron 24 especie de arvenses, con 12.1 y 2.98 ind. m-2 respectivamente.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst with Ossifying Fibroma of the Mandible: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Khan Samiha Jameel Ahmed , Gawande Madhuri , Hande Alka , Patil Swati , Sonone Archana
Published: December 2023

Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (ABCs) are uncommon benign bone lesions primarily affecting children and adolescents. They are distinguished by severe bone breakdown and expansive tissue growth, resulting in clinical symptoms and potential complications. ABCs typically occur in long bones, but reports have also documented their presence in the jaws, particularly the mandible. These lesions are commonly considered non-cancerous and are characterized by cystic or blood-filled chambers. There are two clinicopathological variations of ABC: primary ABC and secondary ABC. Primary ABC originates independently, while secondary ABC develops as a result of a pre-existing lesion such as a cyst, tumor, or Fibro-Osseous Lesions (FOL) like solitary bone cyst, ossifying fibroma, or giant cell granuloma. When ABC coexists with another bone lesion believed to be its precursor, it is referred to as an “ABC plus lesion”. In this case report, a 75-year-old patient, presented with a painful growth in the lower anterior region of the jaw for the past 18 months. The diagnosis was established through clinical, radiological, and histopathological examinations. A complete surgical resection was performed, followed by uneventful reconstruction. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of ABC with ossifying fibroma (ABC plus lesion). It is important to address ABC plus lesions as they can cause significant pain, deformity, and discomfort. Although non-cancerous, they can still disrupt normal bone structure and function. This case report emphasizes the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of ABC plus lesions, aiding in disease identification.