bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principais Consequências Relacionadas a Dieta Low Carb: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Moreira Ellen Izabel Barboza , Silva Jercyana Gomes Barbosa da , Martins Jessica Lesllen Rodrigues , Sousa Lorena Da Rocha Barros
Published: February 2023

Introdução: A dieta low carb caracteriza-se basicamente pelo baixo consumo carboidrato onde consequentemente aumenta a queima de gordura corporal para obter energia. A dieta de baixo consumo em carboidratos tornou-se mais utilizada nos últimos tempos pela eficiência de rápida queima de gordura corporal tornando-se mais rápida que a dieta convencional. Objetivo: Identificar as principais consequências causadas pelo uso dieta low carb e as possíveis dificuldades e limitações que essa dieta ocasiona. Metodologia: O presente estudo compreendeu-se em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais consequências relacionadas a Dieta low carb. Com a revisão bibliográfica foi aprofundado o conhecimento sobre a dieta low carb acerca de avaliar o desempenho de possíveis impactos sobre o uso dessa dieta. Resultados e Discussão: Através da busca foram identificados 100 artigos, dos quais apenas 14 atendiam os critérios de inclusão do tema. Os demais artigos não se enquadravam no tema as principais consequências relacionadas a dieta low carb. Conclusão: Com base no que foi apresentado no que se afirmar na literatura, a dieta com o consumo mais baixo de carboidratos parece ser mais efetiva nos controles das patologias do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 onde em alguns casos, o níveis de reversão da doença pode ser 100%.
Didática no processo de formação do professor no Ensino Superior
Authors: Freitas Mônica Da Conceição Ribeiro
Published: February 2023

A formação de professores é um tema amplamente discutido, visto seu caráter educativo, atualmente as mudanças ocorridas no sistema de ensino tem exigido um estudo cada vez mais aprofundado de como essa formação acontece. Nesse sentido ,o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre a Didática por ser a mesma uma mediadora e facilitadora no processo de formação do professor, buscou-se refletir sua relevância na prática cotidiana do professor universitário, bem como os saberes que precisam fazer parte da construção de identidade do professor(a). Para tanto recorreu-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica que baseou-se nos estudos teóricos de D’Avila (2013), Pimenta (2012), Imbernón ((2010), que discutem sobre formação de professor, e apresentam os saberes esperados para o desenvolvimento de uma prática pedagógica significativa, situando a didática como elemento primordial no processo de ensino, bem como a contribuição de outros autores que discutem essa temática. Conclui-se a Didática na formação do professor no ensino superior, aparece de maneira tímida e fragmentada, dificultando o processo de ensino aprendizagem e a própria construção de identidade desse profissional.
Relatos de professoras de Sala de Recursos Multifuncional sobre as condições de trabalho na escola
Authors: Schirmer Carolina Rizzotto , Nunes Leila Regina d’Oliveira de Paula , Silva Stefhanny Paulimineytrick Nascimento , Araújo Maria Gabriela Lopes
Published: February 2023

Em 2008, foi criado pelo MEC o Programa de Implantação das Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM) para garantir o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) ao público da Educação Especial. Frente ao exposto, foram realizadas entrevistas gravadas com 18 professoras dessas Salas com o propósito de descrever como as professoras das SRM relatam a percepção das professoras de salas regulares acerca do trabalho realizado nessas SRM; a interação dessas professoras especialistas com as professoras das salas comuns, com os estagiários e com as famílias, e as atribuições das professoras das SRM. Uma análise temática das transcrições mostrou que tanto as professoras das salas regulares quanto os gestores não têm clareza acerca das funções dessas Salas e possuem expectativas equivocadas com relação ao trabalho lá desenvolvido; a frequência e duração das reuniões dos professores de SRM com as docentes das salas de aula regulares, bem como os locais onde tais reuniões ocorreram, não eram adequados; a interação das docentes das SRM com as famílias e com os estagiários foi considerada proveitosa; dentre as atribuições dessas professoras destacam-se: fazer adaptações de materiais e atividades pedagógicos para os alunos com deficiência, organizar o Plano Educacional Individualizado, demonstrar outras maneiras de apresentar determinados conteúdos programáticos, trazendo materiais e jogos como recursos, promover curso de formação acerca de Tecnologia Assistiva e Comunicação Alternativa, realizar a adaptação de provas empregando frequentemente recursos de Comunicação Alternativa. Além disso, as professoras de SRM revelaram que o professor de sala comum e as famílias desconhecem as funções do professor de AEE.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A One-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bastien Etienne , Lefèvre-Arbogast Sophie , Lequesne Justine , Gernier François , Cherifi François , Rigal Olivier , Guittet Lydia , Grellard Jean‐Michel , Binarelli Giulia , Lange Marie , Fernette Marie , Tron Laure , Morel Adeline , Richard Doriane , Griffon Bénédicte , Leconte Alexandra , Quilan Florian , Pépin Louis-Ferdinand , Jardin Fabrice , Leheurteur Marianne , Faveyrial Audrey , Clarisse Bénédicte , Joly Florence
Published: February 2023

Background: Patients with cancer may be particularly vulnerable to psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied the prevalence and evolution of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in patients with cancer during the pandemic waves, and we investigated factors associated with high symptoms. Methods: COVIPACT is a 1-year longitudinal prospective study of French patients with solid/hematologic malignancies receiving treatment during the first nationwide lockdown. PTSS were measured every 3 months from April 2020 using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised. Patients also completed questionnaires on their quality of life, cognitive complaints, insomnia, and COVID-19 lockdown experience. Results: Longitudinal analyses involved 386 patients with at least one PTSS assessment after baseline (median age, 63 years; 76% female). Among them, 21.5% had moderate/severe PTSS during the first lockdown. The rate of patients reporting PTSS decreased at lockdown release (13.6%), increased again at second lockdown (23.2%), and slightly declined from the second release period (22.7%) to the third lockdown (17.5%). Patients were grouped into 3 trajectories of evolution. Most patients had stable low symptoms throughout the period, 6% had high baseline symptoms slowly decreasing over time, and 17.6% had moderate symptoms worsening during the second lockdown. Female sex, feeling socially isolated, worrying about COVID-19 infection, and using psychotropic drugs were associated with PTSS. PTSS were associated with impaired quality of life, sleep, and cognition. Conclusions: Approximately one-fourth of patients with cancer experienced high and persistent PTSS over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and may benefit from psychological support.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04366154
Lærerstuderendes forestillinger om bæredygtighed og Uddannelse for Bæredygtig Udvikling (UBU)
Authors: Rasmussen Hanne Fie , Qvortrup Ane
Published: February 2023

[DK]Vi står midt i en Uddannelse for Bæredygtig Udvikling (UBU)-æra foranlediget af et globalt kald på uddannelse og undervisning, der bidrager til en bæredygtig omstilling. Her spiller lærere – og dermed også læreruddannelser – en central rolle. Gennem abduktive analyser af lærerstuderendes gruppesamtaler om bæredygtighed og UBU undersøges deres forståelser af bæredygtighed og forestillinger om UBU. Undersøgelsen viser, at de lærerstuderende udviser en stor vilje i forhold til at gøre en forskel, men oplever at mangle et fundament, der gør det muligt at rette deres undervisning mod UBU. Samtidig abonnerer de på forskellige forståelser af bæredygtighedsbegreb. Mange henviser til en svag fortolkning, mens andre henviser til stærkere fortolkninger. På tværs af positionerne ser vi, at mange har det til fælles, at deres udlægninger er simple og ikke så nuancerede. Artiklen må ses som et bidrag i diskussionen om, hvilken rolle bæredygtighed og UBU kan og skal spille i fremtidens læreruddannelse.

[UK]We are in the midst of an Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) era prompted by a global call for education and training that contributes to a sustainable transition. Here, teachers – and thus also teacher education – play a central role. Through abductive analyzes of teacher students’ group discussions about sustainability and ESD, their understandings of sustainability and ideas about ESD are examined. The study shows that the teacher students show a great will in relation to making a difference, but experience a lack of a foundation that makes it possible to direct their teaching towards ESD. At the same time, they subscribe to different understandings of the concept of sustainability. Many refer to a weak interpretation, while others refer to stronger interpretations. Across the positions, we see that many have it in common that their explanations are simple and not so nuanced. This article contributes to the current discussion about what role sustainability and ESD can and must play in future teacher education.
La lengua como ámbito de transgresión. Una lectura de "La noche es virgen" de Jaime Bayly desde la perspectiva traductológica
Authors: Gaszyńska-Magiera Magłorzata
Published: February 2023

Jaime Bayly se encuentra entre los escritores más destacados de la narrativa peruana contemporánea y es considerado pionero del discurso literario no heteronormativo. Su novela "La noche es virgen", objeto de varios estudios, cuenta las experiencias de un periodista bisexual en el ambiente limeño de los años noventa. Este artículo propone su lectura en clave autobiográfica para identificar los espacios simbólicos en los que se pueden observar infracciones conscientes de las normas sociales y culturales por parte del protagonista. Todo ello con el objetivo final de determinar las dificultades que enfrenta Tomasz Pindel, el traductor de la obra al polaco, describir sus estrategias e indicar las consecuencias de sus decisiones que determinaron la recepción de la novela en Polonia.
Hojas frías, flor de campana. Sobre el uso terapéutico del floripondio (Brugmansia) entre los nahuas
Authors: Lorente Fernández David
Published: February 2023

Se estudian comparativamente las concepciones y usos del floripondio (Brugmansia) en tres regiones nahuas de México: la Sierra Norte de Puebla, Morelos y la Sierra de Texcoco. Analizando la etnografía recabada por el autor, se destaca la naturaleza “fría” y “acuosa” de la planta y su pertinencia, en tanto recurso terapéutico, para afrontar distintas enfermedades y malestares asociados con el “calor”. Además de con el “agua” como elemento, la planta se vincula con ciertos estados corporales y con su peligrosidad capaz de desencadenar la locura o la mudez en quien la consume, no obstante sus efectos somníferos útiles derivados del uso controlado. En este sentido, los floripondios son a veces identificados con plantas de Datura y empleados ritualmente como un toloache, mientras que, otras veces, las Daturas son tenidas por variedades de fl oripondio. Por último, se aborda un aspecto de la Brugmansia distintivo para los nahuas: constituir el alimento idóneo para estimular el desarrollo de los polluelos de un ave endémica de Mesoamérica, el guajolote (Meleagris gallopavo), animal considerado “frío” como el floripondio. El empleo de esta planta, que recibe diferentes denominaciones según las regiones, y que comprende principalmente tres especies (B. x candida, B. suaveolens y B. aurea), es contextualizado tanto en relación con el uso ritual de las Daturas en la colonia y la época precolombina en México –el referente desde el que parecieran leerse en México los floripondios–, como con información etnográfica relativa al empleo chamánico de la Brugmanisa entre grupos indígenas de América del Sur, su región de origen.
When the tongue runs out of gas
Authors: Wollman Lila , Fregosi Ralph
Published: February 2023

The transmission of signals from the brain to the tongue to control breathing depends, in part, on the balance between two gaseous molecules.
Effect of Fastened Ankle Multidirectional Jumping Exercise Program on Jumping Performance among Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Rizvi Fiza Raza , Sethi Jasobanta , Bansal Anu , Sharma Vimal
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability leads to alterations of ankle joint function, especially during jumping and running leading to diminished athletic performance. Multidirectional jumping exercise program with fastened ankle are required to be explored to overcome the challenges faced by the clinicians for management of ankle injuries, as well as, early return of athletes to sports. Aim: To find out the effect of fastened ankle multidirectional jumping exercise program on jumping performance among athletes with chronic ankle instability. Materials and Methods: This single-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted at Amity Institute of Physiotherapy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India in June 2022, and included 30 athletes with ≥6 months of Grade I and II ankle sprain, with instability and history of two or more episodes of injury. All subjects were distributed into three groups of 10 each. Pain and ankle disability were assessed using Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), vertical jump test and Foot and Ankle Disability Index tool (FADI-sports module). Therefore, recorded at baseline, 3rd week, and 5th week of intervention. Group 1 received ankle active range of motion exercises, while Group 2 received multidirectional jumping exercises, and Group 3 received multidirectional jumping exercise program with fastened ankle. Before exercise the involved ankle was taped with rigid tape. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for between group analysis and ANOVA using repeated measure were used for within group analysis. Results: There was improvement in experimental group (group 2 and 3) from baseline to 5th week. Group 3 showed significant improvement in pain (NPRS) with mean difference of 5.4 from baseline to 5th week, Vertical jump height (vertical jump test) with mean difference of 24.7 from baseline to 5th week, ankle disability (FADI-sports module) with mean difference of 42.80 from baseline to 5th week with p<0.001. whereas group 2 showed improvement in pain with mean difference of 5.2 from baseline to 5th week, vertical jump height with mean difference of 18.5 and ankle disability with mean difference of 44.9 from baseline to 5th week with p <0.001. Conclusion: The study concluded that, five weeks of fastened ankle multidirectional exercise program improved the jumping performance, among athletes with chronic ankle instability.
Association of Thrombocytosis and its Prognostic Significance in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Sivaprasad Sahithya , Sheela SR
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Thrombocytosis is associated with progression of many diseases. There is increasing evidence that tumour cells, platelets, endothelial cells interact with each other leading to spread of tumour cells into the microvasculature which results in poor prognosis due to metastasis. Thrombocytosis is an indirect marker of occult advanced disease. Aim: To determine thrombocytosis in diagnosed carcinoma cervix patients and its association with stage of cancer cervix and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This was the retrospective study conducted at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from April 2021 to May 2022, on medical records of 52 patients who were diagnosed with cancer cervix. The data abstracted from each subject’s medical record include the following: age, parity, clinical staging as per International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), size of the lesion, complete blood count and length of the survival. Patients underwent surgery followed by appropriate chemo-radiotherapy or brachytherapy. They were followed-up after treatment every three months for the first two years and every six months for the next three years and annually thereafter. The five-year survival rate of these patients who were on complete followup was analysed. The normal platelet count was considered as 4.5×109 /L. Results: The mean age of the study population was 50.28 years. Among the 52 patients, 47 (90.03%) were with advanced stages of cancer cervix (stages IIB-IVB) and 5 (9.6%) belonged to early stages of cancer cervix (stages 1B-IIA). Forty patients (76.92%) had a platelet count less than 4.5×109 /L, out of which 2 patients were in early stage of cervical cancer and 16 patients were with tumor size less than 4 cm. A total of 12 patients had the platelet count more than 4.5 lac. All these 12 patients belonged to advanced stages of cancer cervix (stage IIB-IVB), p-value of 0.001. Among the 12, 11 patients had a tumour size of more than 4 cm, p-value 0.040. The mean five-year survival rate among patients with advanced stages of cancer cervix associated with thrombocytosis was 18%. Conclusion: The platelet count was found to have strong association with the tumour size, stage of the cervical cancer and five year survival rate thus making thrombocytosis to be a strong prognostic factor in cancer cervix.
Test Bituminous Coal Activated Carbon by Use Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Activator as Electrode Material
Authors: Saleh Asri
Published: February 2023

Activated carbon is widely used in various electrochemical applications, one of which is an electrode material. The price is low, and the essential ingredients are easily obtained from various natural materials. The material properties of carbon are very strongly influenced by the method of manufacture. Thus, the selection of synthesis procedures, type of precursor, type of activator, heating rate, and temperature of combustion or pyrolysis makes it easy to control the final product/porous carbon but can also design the type of carbon targeted. Supercapacitor electrodes are a technology developed from conventional capacitors. In this study, bituminous coal was used to turn activated carbon using hydrochloric acid (HCl) activator. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and potential of activated carbon from bituminous coal using hydrochloric acid (HCl) activator as a base material in the manufacture of supercapacitor electrodes. The coal sample is converted into activated carbon, starting with preparing the coal through the carbonization process. Furthermore, the coal powder was crushed and sieved to obtain a uniform size. The coal powder was immersed in the HCl solution, and the HCl solution's concentration varied by: 2.5 M; 3M; 3.5M; 4M; 4.5 M done in duplo. Soaking was carried out for 12 hours, the solution was filtered, and the coal residue was activated using a furnace for 1 hour. The results obtained show that activated carbon has the best concentration in characterizing, namely the concentration of 3.5 M (duplo) with water content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, and iodine number comply with SNI standards. 340.1168 mg/g, degree of crystallinity at an angle of 2θ.
Assessing of Water Quality of Lake Dogodogo in Burundi Based on Zooplankton Diversity Indices
Authors: Buhungu S. , Sibomana C. , Niyoyitungiye L. , Niyikiza E. , Bararunyeretse P. , Ntiharirizwa S.
Published: February 2023

A study of zooplankton diversity and water quality of Lake Dogodogo located in West Burundi was carried out from April to July 2021 in six sampling stations, with four selected in the littoral zone and two remaining in pelagic one. The main objective was to assess the water quality using zooplankton diversity indices for a better management of this fishery resource essential for the surrounding populations. The zooplankton sampling was collected twice a month between 8 A.M and 11 A.M each time. The samples were taken vertically using plankton net with a 50 µm of mesh size, 26 cm in diameter and 0.5m depth. We recorded 30 zooplankton species, 19 of rotifers, 9 of copepods and 2 of cladocerans. The number of species varied from one station to another and from the littoral zone to pelagic zone. The abundance of zooplankton was higher in the pelagic zone than the littoral one. We then highlighted species specific for pelagic zone, such as Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus angularis, Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus falcatus and Keratella tropica. These latter are indicators of a high trophic level. According to the diversity indices calculated, the Dogodogo’s water quality is moderately polluted by a low level contamination of agricultural origin. Therefore, it is necessary to protect this important resource for fish production purposes, which is essential in protein supply for human life.
Effects of Aloe Vera Biodiesel Blends with TiO2 on the Emission and Performance Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine
Authors: Madhuri R. Jaya , Naik J. Venkatesu , Roa Vandana
Published: February 2023

Concerns about the effect of activities that need the use of alternative fuels, as well as a growth in demand for clean energy, have made biofuels research more well-known, and so began the search for oilseed plants that can be used to make biodiesel. Present research was carried out the aloe vera oil is used as a biodiesel in diesel engine. Because aloe vera oil having higher calorific value compare to other sources. Potassium hydroxide catalyst was used for transesterification process, which has lesser cost and more availability. And also, in this work conducted diesel engine experiments using four different biodiesel blends (B20, B40, B60, B100) and diesel fuel. Additionally, to reduce the emission nano particles (TiO2) was blended with optimal biodiesel blend (B20). The performance and emission characteristics were conducted with different biodiesel blends. In this blends, B20+ TiO2 blend gives good performance and reduction in emissions compared to other biodiesel blends.
Evaluation of Cowpea F2 Population for Resistance to Flower Bud Thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)
Authors: Zinettaabu Dyakah , Tengey Theophilus Kwabla , Alidu Sanatu Mustapha
Published: February 2023

A study to screen F2 populations obtained from IT10K-837-1 x Sanzi for resistance to M. sjostedti. A total of 351 F2 plants were screened under field conditions and each line rated visually for thrips damage score, flower abortion rate, number of pods per plant and number of thrips per flower. The study was conducted during the 2020 cropping seasons where F2 seeds were planted under field conditions. Thrips damage score, flower abortion rate, number of pods per plant, and number of thrips per bloom was all visually scored for each accession. The data from the field and laboratory were analyzed using GENSTAT edition 12 to determine if there were any major variations among the cowpea genotypes. The approximate correlations among all measured parameters, including damage scores at 45 DAP, 55 DAP, 65 DAP, using were established using Breeding View software and heritability values were also calculated. There was a strong and significant correlation between thrips population and damage rating during the planting season. Thrips resistance levels identified in most genotypes in this study are interesting compared to the resistant check Sanzisabinli and can be further exploited for future studies to develop resistant varieties to improve cowpea yields.
A group of novel VEGF splice variants as alternative therapeutic targets in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Montemagno Christopher , Durivault Jérôme , Gastaldi Cécile , Dufies Maeva , Vial Valérie , He Xingkang , Ambrosetti Damien , Kamenskaya Anna , Negrier Sylvie , Bernhard Jean‐Christophe , Borchiellini Delphine , Cao Yihai , Pagès Gilles
Published: February 2023

The efficacy of anti‐angiogenic treatment by targeting VEGF/VEGF receptors in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) varies from patient to patient. Discovering the reasons behind this variability could lead to the identification of relevant therapeutic targets. Thus, we investigated the novel splice variants of VEGF that are less efficiently inhibited by anti‐VEGF/VEGFR targeting than the conventional isoforms. By in silico analysis, we identified a novel splice acceptor in the last intron of the VEGF gene resulting in an insertion of 23 bp in VEGF mRNA. Such an insertion can shift the open‐reading frame in previously described splice variants of VEGF (VEGFXXX), leading to a change in the C‐terminal part of the VEGF protein. Next, we analysed the expression of these alternatively spliced VEGF new isoforms (VEGFXXX/NF) in normal tissues and in RCC cell lines by qPCR and ELISA, and we investigated the role of VEGF222/NF (equivalent to VEGF165) in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Our in vitro data demonstrated that recombinant VEGF222/NF stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability by activating VEGFR2. In addition, VEGF222/NF overexpression enhanced proliferation and metastatic properties of RCC cells, whereas downregulation of VEGF222/NF resulted in cell death. We also generated an in vivo model of RCC by implanting RCC cells overexpressing VEGF222/NF in mice, which we treated with polyclonal anti‐VEGFXXX/NF antibodies. VEGF222/NF overexpression enhanced tumour formation with aggressive properties and a fully functional vasculature, while treatment with anti‐VEGFXXX/NF antibodies slowed tumour growth by inhibiting tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In a patient cohort from the NCT00943839 clinical trial, we investigated the relationship between plasmatic VEGFXXX/NF levels, resistance to anti‐VEGFR therapy and survival. High plasmatic VEGFXXX/NF levels correlated with shorter survival and lower efficacy of anti‐angiogenic drugs. Our data confirmed the existence of new VEGF isoforms that could serve as novel therapeutic targets in patients with RCC that are resistant to anti‐VEGFR therapy.
3D Visualization of Morphological Evolution of Large Defects during Spark Plasma Sintering of Alumina Granules
Authors: Okuma Gaku , Endo Masaya , Minagawa Haruki , Inoue Ryo , Kakisawa Hideki , Kohata Takuma , Osada Toshio , Yamamoto Takafumi , Azuma Masaki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Guillon Olivier , Wakai Fumihiro
Published: February 2023

The mechanical reliability of products must be assured for scaling up and production of complex‐shaped components by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of spray‐dried granules. The evolution of morphologies of pores and defects, which control the mechanical strength, is investigated by using synchrotron X‐ray multiscale tomography during SPS of alumina granules at 1300 °C. While large defects arising from the hierarchical granule packing structure cannot be removed by pressureless sintering, crack‐like defects and branched rodlike defects are almost eliminated by SPS at stresses higher than 30 and 50 MPa, respectively. But, small ellipsoidal porous regions, which may arise from aggregates or dimples of granules, cannot be removed even at a pressure of 50 MPa. A very large defect is also found by using micro‐CT. It is supposed that this defect is formed from a large void in loosely packed granules. The shrinkage of large voids and the elimination of crack‐like defects are explained by the theoretical prediction based on the continuum theory of sintering.
Effective Coupling of Amorphous Selenium Phosphide with High‐Conductivity Graphene as Resilient High‐Capacity Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sang Junwu , Zhang Xiangdan , Liu Kangli , Cao Guoqin , Guo Ruxin , Zhang Shijie , Wu Zhiheng , Zhang Yongshang , Hou Ruohan , Shen Yonglong , Shao Guosheng
Published: February 2023

It is of great importance to develop high‐capacity electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) using low‐cost and abundant materials, so as to deliver a sustainable technology as alternative to the established lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a facile ball milling process to fabricate high‐capacity SIB anode is devised, with large amount of amorphous SeP being loaded in a well‐connected framework of high‐conductivity crystalline graphene (HCG). The HCG substrate enables fast transportation of Na ions and electrons, while accommodating huge volumetric changes of the active anode matter of SeP. The strong glass forming ability of NaxSeP helps prevent crystallization of all stable compounds but ultrafine nanocrystals of Na2Se and Na3P. Thus, the optimized anode delivers excellent rate performance with high specific capacities being achieved (855 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and 345 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). More importantly, remarkable cycling stability is realized to maintain a steady capacity of 732 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles, when the SeP in the SeP@HCG still remains 86% of its theoretical capacity. A high areal capacity of 2.77 mAh is achieved at a very high loading of 4.1 mg cm−2 anode composite.
Fluorescence‐Amplified Origami Microneedle Device for Quantitatively Monitoring Blood Glucose
Authors: Li Xianlei , Xu Xuehui , Wang Kewei , Chen Yuqiu , Zhang Yangyuchen , Si Qingrui , Pan Zi'an , Jia Fan , Cui Xinyue , Wang Xuan , Deng Xiongwei , Zhao Yi , Shu Dan , Jiang Qiao , Ding Baoquan , Wu Yan , Liu Ran
Published: February 2023

Exploration of clinically acceptable blood glucose monitors has been engaging in the past decades, yet the ability to quantitatively detect blood glucose in a painless, accurate, and highly sensitive manner remains limited. Herein, a fluorescence‐amplified origami microneedle (FAOM) device is described that integrates tubular DNA‐origami nanostructures and glucose oxidase molecules into its inner network to quantitatively monitor blood glucose. The skin‐attached FAOM device can collect glucose molecules in situ and transfer the input into a proton signal after the oxidase's catalysis. The proton‐driven mechanical reconfiguration of DNA‐origami tubes separates fluorescent molecules and their quenchers, eventually amplifying the glucose‐correlated fluorescence signal. The function equation established on clinical examinees suggests that FAOM can report blood glucose in a highly sensitive and quantitative manner. In clinical blind tests, the FAOM achieves well‐matched accuracy (98.70 ± 4.77%) compared with a commercial blood biochemical analyzer, fully meeting the requirements of accurate blood glucose monitoring. The FAOM device can be inserted into skin tissue in a trivially painful manner and with minimal leakage of DNA origami, substantially improving the tolerance and compliance of the blood glucose test.
High‐Performance, Highly Stretchable, Flexible Moist‐Electric Generators via Molecular Engineering of Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Haotian , He Nan , Wang Bingsen , Ding Bin , Jiang Bo , Tang Dawei , Li Lin
Published: February 2023

Harvesting energy from ubiquitous moisture has emerged as a promising technology, offering opportunities to power wearable electronics. However, low current density and inadequate stretching limit their integration into self‐powered wearables. Herein, a high‐performance, highly stretchable, and flexible moist‐electric generator (MEG) is developed via molecular engineering of hydrogels. The molecular engineering involves the impregnation of lithium ions and sulfonic acid groups into the polymer molecular chains to create ion‐conductive and stretchable hydrogels. This new strategy fully leverages the molecular structure of polymer chains, circumventing the addition of extra elastomers or conductors. A centimeter‐sized hydrogel‐based MEG can generate an open‐circuit voltage of 0.81 V and a short‐circuit current density of up to 480 µA cm−2. This current density is more than ten times that of most reported MEGs. Moreover, molecular engineering improves the mechanical properties of hydrogels, resulting in a stretchability of 506%, representing the state‐of‐the‐art level in reported MEGs. Notably, large‐scale integration of the high‐performance and stretchable MEGs is demonstrated to power wearables with integrated electronics, including respiration monitoring masks, smart helmets, and medical suits. This work provides fresh insights into the design of high‐performance and stretchable MEGs, facilitating their application to self‐powered wearables and broadening the application scenario.
A Stereospecific Alkene 1,2‐Aminofunctionalization Platform for the Assembly of Complex Nitrogen‐Containing Ring Systems
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Smith Matthew J. S. , Tu Wenbin , Bower John F.
Published: February 2023

TFA promoted deprotection of O−Ts activated N‐Boc hydroxylamines triggers aminofunctionalization‐based polycyclizations of tethered alkenes. The processes involve intramolecular stereospecific aza‐Prilezhaev alkene aziridination in advance of stereospecific C−N cleavage by a pendant nucleophile. Using this approach, a wide range of fully intramolecular alkene anti‐1,2‐difunctionalizations can be achieved, including diaminations, amino‐oxygenations and amino‐arylations. Trends associated with the regioselectivity of the C−N cleavage step are outlined. The method provides a broad and predictable platform for accessing diverse C(sp3)‐rich polyheterocycles of relevance to medicinal chemistry.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks Using Low‐Melting Metal Salt Precursors**
Authors: Azbell Tyler J. , Pitt Tristan A. , Bollmeyer Melissa M. , Cong Christina , Lancaster Kyle M. , Milner Phillip J.
Published: February 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous, crystalline materials constructed from organic linkers and inorganic nodes with myriad potential applications in chemical separations, catalysis, and drug delivery. A major barrier to the application of MOFs is their poor scalability, as most frameworks are prepared under highly dilute solvothermal conditions using toxic organic solvents. Herein, we demonstrate that combining a range of linkers with low‐melting metal halide (hydrate) salts leads directly to high‐quality MOFs without added solvent. Frameworks prepared under these ionothermal conditions possess porosities comparable to those prepared under traditional solvothermal conditions. In addition, we report the ionothermal syntheses of two frameworks that cannot be prepared directly under solvothermal conditions. Overall, the user‐friendly method reported herein should be broadly applicable to the discovery and synthesis of stable metal‐organic materials.
Experimental study on the pull‐down performance of a −80°C cascade refrigeration freezer
Authors: Tan Haihui , Bai Minkai , Xu Lingfei , Li Xiong , Liu Zhan
Published: February 2023

To cope with global climate change, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons refrigerants have been or will be abandoned by different countries worldwide. Natural refrigerants seem to be promising substitutes in the near future. In this study, eco‐friendly refrigerants R290 and R170 are adopted as high‐temperature and low‐temperature fluid in a cascade refrigeration freezer to generate −80°C. The experimental measurements are carried out to investigate the pull‐down performance of the freezer. The inlet and outlet pressure of two compressors are monitored and tested. Temperatures of different state monitors in high‐temperature cycle and low‐temperature cycle are measured to analysis the operation performance of the cascade refrigeration system. Different temperature test points are set to research the temperature drop and temperature distribution in the freezer. Some new findings are obtained. Due to the lack of ultralow temperature experimental data on cascade refrigeration system, this study can enrich and deepen the understanding on operation mechanism of ultralow temperature cascade refrigeration freezer.
From Cosmopolitan to Vernacular in the Language Sciences: A Global History Perspective
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel
Published: February 2023

Sheldon Pollock's justly famous work on cosmopolitan orders and processes of vernacularization in the worlds of Latinity and Sanskrit invites questions of a comparative and global‐historical character. I will raise such questions in the context of the Persianate cosmopolitan order, especially as exemplified by the early modern Ottoman Empire, focusing on the wave of vernacularizations this empire witnessed in the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries. In this process of vernacularization, new vernacular forms of philological learning appear to have played a crucial role. Building on Bourdieu's work, I will try to analyze the Ottoman cosmopolitan as a pre‐modern form of linguistic domination, and vernacularization as a form of resistance. Moving beyond Bourdieu, I will be arguing for a genealogical approach that is alive to premodern non‐European philological traditions, and to the historically variable relation between (philological) knowledge and power.
On the role of benchmarking data sets and simulations in method comparison studies
Authors: Friedrich Sarah , Friede Tim
Published: February 2023

Method comparisons are essential to provide recommendations and guidance for applied researchers, who often have to choose from a plethora of available approaches. While many comparisons exist in the literature, these are often not neutral but favor a novel method. Apart from the choice of design and a proper reporting of the findings, there are different approaches concerning the underlying data for such method comparison studies. Most manuscripts on statistical methodology rely on simulation studies and provide a single real‐world data set as an example to motivate and illustrate the methodology investigated. In the context of supervised learning, in contrast, methods are often evaluated using so‐called benchmarking data sets, that is, real‐world data that serve as gold standard in the community. Simulation studies, on the other hand, are much less common in this context. The aim of this paper is to investigate differences and similarities between these approaches, to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and ultimately to develop new approaches to the evaluation of methods picking the best of both worlds. To this aim, we borrow ideas from different contexts such as mixed methods research and Clinical Scenario Evaluation.
Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti‐Biofilm and Antioxidant Activity of Azadiracta Indica A. Juss. Flowers
Authors: Mohanasundaram Palanivelmurugan , Saral A. Mary
Published: February 2023

The present study involves investigation of Azadiracta Indica flowers with respect to its pharmacognostic properties, phytochemical screening, and its application as anti‐oxidant, anti‐biofilm, and anti‐microbial agent. The Pharmacognostic characteristics were evaluated with respect to moisture content, total ash content, acid, and water‐soluble ash content, swelling index, foaming index, and metal content. The macro and micronutrient content of the crude drug was estimated by AAS and Flame photometric methods and it gives the quantitative estimation of minerals, where calcium is present in abundance (88.64 mg/L). Soxhlet extraction was carried out in the increasing order of polarity of the solvent viz Petroleum Ether (PE), Acetone (AC), and Hydroalcohol (20 %) (HA) to extract the bioactive compounds. The characterization of the bioactive compounds of all the three extract have been carried out using gcms and lcms. The presence of 13 major compounds have been identified in PE extract and 8 compounds in AC extract using gcms studies. The HA extract is found to contain polyphenols, flavanoids, and glycosides. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP, and Phosphomolybdenum assay. This reveals that HA extract shows good scavenging activity than PE and AC extracts which is well correlated with the bioactive compounds, especially phenols which are present as a major component in the extract. The anti‐microbial activity was investigated via Agar well diffusion method for all the extracts. Among all the extracts HA extract shows good antibacterial activity with MIC of 25 μg/mL and AC extract shows good anti‐fungal activity with MIC of 25 μg/mL. The antibiofilm assay confirms that the HA extract shows good biofilm inhibition about 94 % among other extracts when tested on human pathogens. The results confirm that the HA extract of A. Indica flowers will be an excellent source of natural anti‐oxidant and also antimicrobial agents. This paves the way for its potential uses in herbal product formulation.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Study of N‐(2‐ and 3‐Pyridinyl)benzamide Derivatives as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Srivastava Namita , Devi Bharti , Kumar Lokender , Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Yadav Ashok
Published: February 2023

The effectiveness of treating bacterial infections is seriously threatened by the emergence of bacterial resistance to chemical treatment. Growth of microbes in biofilm is one of the main causes of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Quorum sensing (QS) inhibition, which targets the QS signalling system by obstructing cell‐cell communication, was developed as an alternative treatment by creating innovative anti‐biofilm drugs. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop novel antimicrobial drugs that are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting QS and acting as anti‐biofilm agents. In this study, N‐(2‐ and 3‐pyridinyl)benzamide derivatives were selected to design and syntheses. Antibiofilm activity was revealed by all the synthesized compounds and the biofilm was visibly impaired, and the OD595nm readings of solubilized biofilm cells presented a momentous difference between the treated and untreated biofilms. The best anti‐QS zone was observed for compound 5d and found to be 4.96 mm. Through in silico research, the physicochemical characteristics and binding manner of these produced compounds were examined. For the purpose of understanding the stability of the protein and ligand complex, molecular dynamic simulation was also carried out. The overall findings showed that N‐(2‐ and 3‐pyridinyl)benzamide derivatives could be the key to creating effective newer anti‐quorum sensing drugs that are effective against different bacteria.
Neutral, Heteroleptic [Cu(I)(PPh3)2(4H‐imidazolato)] Complexes: Ligand Exchange Reactivity, Redox Properties, Excited‐State Dynamics
Authors: Seidler Bianca , Tran Jens H. , Thomisch Luise , Vashistha Nikita , Görls Helmar , Liebing Phil , Schulz Martin , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Cu(I) 4H‐imidazolate complexes are rare examples of Cu(I) complexes with chelating anionic ligands and are potent photosensitizers with unique absorption and photoredox properties. In this contribution, five novel heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes with monodentate triphenylphosphine co‐ligands are investigated. As a consequence of the anionic 4H‐imidazolate ligand and in contrast to comparable complexes with neutral ligands, these complexes are more stable than their homoleptic bis(4H‐imidazolato)Cu(I) congeners. Here, the ligand exchange reactivity was studied by 31P‐,19F‐, and variable temperature NMR and the ground state structural and electronic properties by X‐ray diffraction, absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The excited‐state dynamics were investigated by femto‐ and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The observed differences, with respect to chelating bisphosphine bearing congeners, are often due to the increased geometric flexibility of the triphenylphosphines. These observations render the investigated complexes interesting candidates for photo(redox)reactions not accessible with chelating bisphosphine ligands.
The Manufacture and Characterization of Biomimetic, Biomaterial‐Based Scaffolds for Studying Physicochemical Interactions of Neural Cells in 3D Environments
Authors: O'Connor Cian , Woods Ian , Hibbitts Alan , Dervan Adrian , O'Brien Fergal J.
Published: February 2023

A particular challenge to the field of neuroscience involves translating findings from 2D in vitro systems to 3D in vivo environments. Standardized cell culture environments that adequately reflect the properties of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the stiffness, protein composition, and microarchitecture in which to study 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions are generally lacking for in vitro culture systems. In particular, there remains an unmet need for reproducible, low‐cost, high‐throughput, and physiologically relevant environments comprised of tissue‐native matrix proteins for the study of CNS microenvironments in 3D. Advances in the field of biofabrication over the past number of years have facilitated the production and characterization of biomaterial‐based scaffolds. Typically developed for tissue engineering applications, they also provide sophisticated environments in which to study cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and have been used for 3D modeling for a range of tissues. Here, we describe a simple and scalable protocol for the production of biomimetic, highly porous freeze‐dried hyaluronic acid scaffolds with tunable microarchitecture, stiffness, and protein composition. Furthermore, we describe several different approaches that can be used to characterize a range of physicochemical properties and how to employ the scaffolds for the 3D culture of sensitive CNS cells in vitro. Finally, we detail several approaches for the study of key cell responses within the 3D scaffold environments. Overall, this protocol describes the manufacture and testing of a biomimetic and tunable macroporous scaffold system for neuronal cell culture applications. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Scaffold manufacture

Basic Protocol 2: Scaffold characterization

Basic Protocol 3: Cell culture and analysis of neurons in scaffolds
The role of task difficulty in directing selective attention in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) neonates: A developmental test of the intersensory redundancy hypothesis
Authors: Lickliter Robert , Bahrick Lorraine E. , Vaillant‐Mekras Jimena
Published: February 2023

The dynamics of selective attention necessarily influences the course of early perceptual development. The intersensory redundancy hypothesis proposes that in early development information presented redundantly across two or more senses selectively recruits attention to the amodal properties of an object or event. In contrast, information presented to a single sense enhances attention to modality‐specific properties. The present study assessed the second of these predictions in neonatal bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), with a focus on the role of task difficulty in directing selective attention. In Experiment 1, we exposed quail chicks to unimodal auditory, nonredundant audiovisual, or redundant audiovisual presentations of a bobwhite maternal call paired with a pulsing light for 10 min/h on the day following hatching. Chicks were subsequently individually tested 24 h later for their unimodal auditory preference between the familiarized maternal call and the same call with pitch altered by two steps. Chicks from all experimental groups preferred the familiarized maternal call over the altered maternal call. In Experiment 2, we repeated the exposure conditions of Experiment 1, but presented a more difficult task by narrowing the pitch range between the two maternal calls during testing. Chicks in the unimodal auditory and nonredundant audiovisual conditions preferred the familiarized call, whereas chicks in the redundant audiovisual exposure group showed no detection of the pitch change. Our results indicate that early discrimination of pitch change is disrupted by intersensory redundancy under difficult but not easy task conditions. These findings, along with findings from human infants, highlight the role of task difficulty in shifting attentional selectivity and underscore the dynamic nature of neonatal attentional salience hierarchies.