bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnane X Receptor Gene Variation and Total Mortality in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays a role in regulating the metabolism and clearance of drugs and xenobiotics in the liver. Variations in the PXR gene, including the rs7643645 variant, have been associated with altered PXR activity and potential implications for various liver-related conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is known that the more progressive the NAFLD, the higher the hepatic and extra-hepatic mortality and morbidity. Käräjämäki et al investigated the total mortality in Finnish middle-aged ultrasonographically verified NAFLD patients with PXR rs7643645 variants. In up to 30 years of follow-up, PXR rs7643645 GG subjects were at an increased risk of total mortality compared with AA/AG subjects. The statistically significant difference prevailed after multiple adjustments for potentially confounding factors, RR, 2.024 (1.191-3.440), P = 0.009. In the subjects without NAFLD, the mortality risk was not associated with rs7643645 variants, 1.051 (0.708-1.560; P = 0.804). As the rs7643645 G variant disrupts a putative hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α binding site located in the PXR gene promoter and is associated with lower hepatic expression of PXR and its target genes, their result suggests that genetic disruption of xenobiotic metabolism increases mortality in subjects with NAFLD. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2023 Feb 1;33(2):35-39. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000489.
Editor's Summaries of the Articles Published in This Issue of Precision Medicine Communications
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

In this issue, Rafiq et al, investigated noncancerous FDA-approved drugs for repurposing through molecular docking studies in Breast Cancer patients after their target cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) detection in breast cancer patients. Konain and colleagues evaluate the anticancer potential of commonly used angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan and validate it through molecular techniques, Bangash and friends investigate whether the efficacy and adverse effects of fluvoxamine are associated with polymorphism in the CYP2D6 gene in patients with depression; Mubarak and colleagues reviewed studies aimed at investigating resistance to Carbamazepine in epilepsy patients influenced by the polymorphism of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and drug transporters, while Riaz and Chen provide general information about Type 2diabetes mellitus, treatment challenges, and pharmacogenetic aspects of metformin pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
TREX1 Mutations in Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome with Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the brain, the skin, and the immune system. It is characterized by a group of symptoms that mimic the effects of a viral infection, leading to inflammation in various tissues. Świerczyńska and colleagues presented a case of a neonate with hypotrophy, microcephaly, frostbite-like skin lesions, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and hepatosplenomegaly and showed that she had ‘three prime repair exonuclease 1’ (TREX1) gene mutations. The genetic investigation found pathogenic mutations, c.490C>T and c.222del (novel mutation) in the TREX1 gene showing AGS type 1 (AGS1). High serum IFN-α levels were also found. Later examination showed multiple ocular abnormalities including intraocular pressure (IOP) of 51 mmHg in the right eye and 49 in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with congenital glaucoma, and it was managed with trabeculectomy with a basal iridectomy of both eyes, resulting in a reduction and stabilization in the IOP to 12 mmHg in the right eye and 10 mmHg in the left eye without any hypotensive eyedrops. This case report adds to the growing evidence of the involvement of the pathogenic c.490C>T and c.222del mutations in TREX1 in ophthalmic abnormalities. J Pers Med. 2023 Nov 15;13(11):1609.  doi: 10.3390/jpm13111609.
Welcome to Phytopharmacological Communications!
Authors: Ahmed Sagheer
Published: May 2024

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Phytopharmacological Communications -a biannual, open access, and peer-reviewed journal aiming to publish high-quality research articles in the field of basic & clinical pharmacology of the compounds/extracts obtained from natural sources, especially from plants. The journal emphasizes cellular and molecular investigation of phytocompounds/extracts but will also accept studies investigating pharmacological activities at the tissue and organ level. Sound and relevant in vivo studies are welcomed.
Phytopharmacological Communications invites studies investigating the use of plants and their biological and pharmacological effects based on the principles of skeptical inquiry and the scientific method. Key areas of interest are pharmacology, toxicology, and the clinical applications of herbs and natural products in medicine, including studies of herb-drug interactions and other aspects of the safety of herbal medicines. Papers concerned with the effects of common food ingredients and standardized plant extracts, including commercial products, are particularly welcome, as are mechanistic studies on isolated natural phytocompounds.
Phytopharmacological Communications is especially interested in ethnopharmacological studies. Ethnopharmacology focuses on the use of traditional medicine in local communities, including its commercial applications. We welcome field studies, pharmacological and clinical studies of chemically profiled extracts, and studies on the quality and composition of naturally derived products.
In the last two decades, rapid advances in technology have enabled researchers to investigate arcane biological phenomena and ask deeper questions at the cellular, molecular and atomic levels. Several cellular processes involved in health and disease are being unraveled at a rapid pace, high resolution, and with unprecedented details. Authors carrying out investigations leveraging these technologies such as next genome sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9, digital medicine, 3-D printing, bioinformatics, and stem cell technologies, are encouraged to submit their findings to Phytopharmacological Communications.
The purpose of this journal is to provide a platform to the scientific fraternity, especially to the regional and national academics, where they could get their studies published after a rapid, transparent, and high-quality peer review. All the articles published in Phytopharmacological Communications will be freely available to readers immediately after their publication. The open-access policy of our journal is likely to increase the readership of articles and will enhance their visibility and citation potential. Therefore, I invite you to submit your work to Phytopharmacological Communications.
Editor's Summaries of the Articles Published in This Issue of Phytopharmacological Communications
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

In this issue, Iram and colleagues described their study on the anti-inflammatory potential of Medicago laciniata, Afzal and her colleagues rationalized the traditional use of Peganum harmala in cardiovascular diseases, Aisha and her colleagues summarized studies showing inhibition of tau by medicinal plants and phytocompounds isolated from them for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Zia-Ul-Hq et al, compiled investigations in which adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation is shown to be inhibited by medicinal plants, and Ullah and his colleagues reviewed studies showing potential calcium channel blockers from medicinal plants and provided their insights and recommended their further investigation in clinical trials.
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Phytocompounds and Plant Extracts for Depression. A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ullah Aman , Irfan Hafiz Muhammad , Siddiqui Summer , Khan Irfan
Published: May 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a social condition that has a substantial financial impact on society. MDD has an unclear origin; that’s why it has been proposed to have complex pathophysiology. Depressive disorders occur due to many factors, i.e., somatic genetic and environmental factors and anomalies in hypothalamic function. Current medicines used for depression are Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and Atypical antidepressants; there are many side effects reported with these medicines like hyponatremia, erectile dysfunction, and addiction are significant problems with these. There is a need to find effective agents which have high efficacy and low adverse effects. Because of encouraging experimental results, many emphases have been focused on phytocompounds such as flavonoids and green tea catechins in recent times. This review has compiled phytocompounds and plant extracts that have shown substantial efficacy against antidepression targets. These compounds and plant extract attenuate depression by several mechanisms like increasing the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), decreasing oxidative stress markers, and attenuating dysfunctions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), neurogenesis, and by several more pathways.
Medicinal Plants with Spasmolytic Activity for Treating Infantile Colic
Authors: Jahanabadi Samane , Ul Haq Abood , Imran Hiba
Published: May 2024

Colic is a multifaceted ailment with a wide range of therapeutic strategies. Infantile colic is often regarded as the most excruciating agony a newborn has ever experienced. Inconsolable crying, fussing, irritability, and abdominal discomfort are some of the classical presentations of infantile colic. In addition, infantile colic is associated with various gastrointestinal conditions and behavioral and neurodevelopmental complications. Although there is inadequate data to support successful treatment for infantile colic, a few frequently applied pharmaceutical interventions, such as dicyclomine, simethicone, and cimetropium, have not been recommended based on contemporary research. Lifestyle modifications such as lactase and probiotics supplements have indicated benefits in treating colic, but additional control studies will be a prerequisite to assess their efficacy. This review aims to provide in-depth information on colic, its pathophysiology, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants with spasmolytic effects, and their possible mechanisms of action. Studies on several medicinal plants with spasmolytic activity, like Foeniculum vulgare, Carum carvi, Matricaria chamomilla, Zingiber roseum, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha pulegium have been included in this article. Furthermore, the study showed that the active compounds in these plants have a substantial antispasmodic activity that is safer and more effective than currently accessible synthetic medications.
Antispasmodic and Antidiarrheal Effect of Hippeastrum puniceum; Involvement of Antimuscarinic and Calcium Antagonism Pathways
Authors: Saghir Khaled Ahmed , Abdur Rahman Hafiz Muhammad , Haider Muhammad Sajjad , Imran Imran
Published: May 2024

Hippeastrum puniceum has been distributed worldwide, possesses spasmolytic activity, and is used for treating asthma and other ailments. This study was conducted to rationalize its spasmolytic activity and antiasthmatic uses. After the phytochemical screening, the plant extract was analyzed by using different ex-vivo and in-vivo techniques. For the evaluation of the spasmolytic effect, the extract was applied to isolated rabbit jejunum, rat ileum, and rabbit trachea suspended in an organ bath. Castor oil-induced diarrhea and charcoal meal transit test models were used to study the extract's antidiarrheal and gut inhibitory effect. Crude extract of H. puniceum (Hp.Cr) and its dichloromethane fraction (Hp.DCM) showed spasmolytic effects on isolated rabbit jejunum and trachea. To explore the mechanism of the spasmolytic effect, concentration-response curves of Carbachol and calcium were framed, and it was found that the spasmolytic effect may be due to the antagonism of muscarinic receptors and calcium channels. In addition, significant dose-dependent diarrheal protection and inhibition of gastrointestinal motility were observed. These results indicate that H. puniceum possesses spasmolytic, tracheorelaxant, antidiarrheal, gut motility inhibitory activities mediated by muscarinic receptor and calcium channel antagonism.
Neuroprotection in Aβ25-35 -Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model by Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

It has been observed that increased accumulation of Aβ peptides in the brain triggers endogenous oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Commonly referred to as the Hawthorn leaf is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. The plant is used for conditions such as hyperlipidemia, heart palpitations, forgetfulness, and tinnitus in mainstream medicinal practice, where the most important bioactive components consist of Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids (HLF). Xu and associates showed that in a rat model given Aβ25-35 (bilateral hippocampus injection), the neuroprotective effects of HLF were significant. Oral doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for a time period of 30 days of HLF demonstrated significant attenuation of the damage to neurons alongside marked inhibition in memory deficits. Enhancement in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione content was seen. In contrast, HLF decreased the malondialdehyde content in the Aβ25-35 rat AD model and suppressed astrocytes’ activation, ameliorating neuroinflammation. HLF upregulated NQO-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1 protein expressions. These results demonstrated the potential of HLF as a potential AD therapeutic. Phytother Res (2022) DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7690.
Cannabis Sativa L. Extract Improves Neuroprotection in a Model of Excitotoxicity
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

Borgonetti and colleagues investigated whether Cannabis sativa L. extract (CSE) and its main chemical components, β-caryophyllene, and cannabidiol, bear neuroprotective effects. An in vitro model of glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity using SH-SY5Y cells was optimized. ERK levels, brain-derived neurotrophic factor release, glutamate-impaired cell viability, CB1 protein expression, and how CSE influenced them were studied. The role of CB1 modulation was confirmed using AM4113, a CB1 antagonist. CSE, through ERK modulation, counteracted the changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and significantly protected SH-SY5Y from glutamate-impaired cell viability. CSE entirely reversed CB1 receptor expression, and the use of AM4113 reduced the efficacy of CSE, suggesting the involvement of CB1 in neuro-excitotoxicity modulation. The investigation, thus,  showed that CSE harbors neuroprotective effects. As a result, it can be proposed that the whole cannabis Phytocomplex could be a more effective strategy than its primary constituents alone, and suggested further investigations using more complex cellular and animal models. Fitoterapia (2022) DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105315.
Antipyretic Effect on LPS-Induced Pyrexia in Rats by Bupleurum Chinense
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

Bupleurum chinense is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been investigated for its potential therapeutic effects, including its antipyretic properties. Kang and colleagues focused on the antipyretic effect of Bupleurum chinense in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyrexia and found that it exerted a mild antipyretic effect. Pyrexia refers to an elevated body temperature or fever. LPS, a component of the cell wall of certain bacteria, is commonly used to induce an inflammatory response and fever in experimental animal models. The study investigated the potential antipyretic effect of Bupleurum chinense in LPS-induced pyrexia rats. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the regulation of immune responses. In the study, Bupleurum chinense was found to inhibit the production of TNF-α in the peripheral tissues of LPS-induced pyrexia rats. The inhibition of peripheral TNF-α production by Bupleurum chinense resulted in a mild antipyretic effect, reducing the elevated body temperature in the LPS-induced pyrexia rats. The specific mechanisms by which Bupleurum chinense inhibits peripheral TNF-α production were not described in the study. However, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Bupleurum chinense compounds may contribute to this effect. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Jun 28;310:116375.  doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116375.
Editor's Summaries of the Articles Published in this Issue of Phtypharmacological Communications
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

In this issue, Jabeen and colleagues investigate the protective role of Ficus carica L. against experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism, Saeed and colleagues determined the potential antibacterial activity of extracts from two plants Salvadora persica and Salvadora oleoides, Ali and friends screened one of the most common fruits, Malus domestica (MD or apple), used in Pakistan for its potential cardio-protective effects, Bashir et al, describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, its pathophysiology, challenges of current treatment for SARS-CoV-2, and the significance the medicinal plants and their extracts in treating Covid-19, and Ibrahim and colleagues discuss complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection.
Search for the Natural Remedies for the Treatment of Dry Cough
Authors: Robab Sana , Saleem Nida
Published: May 2024

Cough, also known as tussis, is a normal physiological response to any intrusion in the airway. However, this protective mechanism can turn into a nuisance if it becomes persistent, significantly impacting the social, physical, and psychological performance of a person. Standard antitussive agents like dextromethorphan (DXM), codeine, and gabapentin produce various side effects, and in some cases, cough relapse occurs as soon as drug doses are reduced. In search of better alternatives, this article delves into plant-based antitussive agents, studied in-vivo in various cough models. The cough models used in these studies include sulphur dioxide (SO2), citric acid, ammonia, acetic acid, and capsaicin-induced models. The plant-sourced agents, included in this review article, are not only effective against dry cough but also have better safety profiles and lower addiction potential as compared to the mainstream options. The review article cited the examples of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, arabinogalactan extracted from the roots of Withania somnifera, vitexin from Jatropha mutabilis, Napoleonaea vogelii, Rosa damascene and Hedera helix, which were not only potent antitussives but were also had better safety and performance profile than standard drugs like codeine. By investing in these phytochemicals, exhibiting promising cough-suppression abilities, better, safer, and cheaper antitussive agents can be produced.
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Anti-Obesity Constituents in Ginkgo biloba Extract
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat. It is associated with various health risks, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. While lifestyle modifications, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, are fundamental components of obesity management, several researchers explore complementary and alternative approaches, such as herbal medicine. Zhang and colleagues demonstrated a case study for uncovering the anti-obesity constituents in an anti-obesity herbal medicine (Ginkgo biloba extract) and deciphering their synergistic effects via targeting human pancreatic lipase (hPL). After screening eighty medicinal plants, they found that the most potent anti-hPL activity was possessed by Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50).  They isolated thirty-eight compounds and found that several of them were potent hPL inhibitors showing IC50 values <2.5 μM). Docking studies found that sciadopitysin, bilobetin, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin) could tightly bind on hPL at cavity 2, which is different from the binding cavity of quercetin on hPL. After further experiments they found that sciadopitysin or bilobetin in combination with quercetin showed synergistic anti-hPL effects, suggesting that the multi-components in GBE50 may generate a more potent anti-hPL effect. They concluded that anti-obesity constituents in GBE50, act synergistically at the molecular level, which will be very helpful for further understanding the anti-obesity mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba. Fitoterapia. 2023 Dec:171:105669.  doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105669.
Prevalence of Ankle Sprain in Recreational Football Players of Peshawar Sports Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mohammad Shoaib , Ullah Sana , Atif Nazir  , Ullah Neamat
Published: May 2024

Ankle sprains are a common injury that can occur during recreational sports activities. They account for 22% of all reported sports injuries in emergency departments. Football players are particularly at risk of ankle ligament injuries, which can result in biomechanical, functional, and financial risks. Severe injuries can lead to ligament sprains, reduced ankle mobility, and permanent limitations in athletic activities. The study used a cross-sectional design and collected data from recreational football players at Qayyum Stadium Peshawar. The sample size was 218, while the margin of error was 5% with a confidence level of 95%, and convenient sampling techniques, i.e., statistical tools were used to analyze the data. Data collection was performed using the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) questionnaire. A total of 119 players sprained their ankle out of 218 players. A Chi-square test was applied to determine the comparison of ankle sprain and quality of life (P = 0.000). The findings of this study show that football players frequently experience ankle sprain injuries, which negatively impact their confidence and have a significant association with their quality of life.
Effectiveness of Abdominal Hollowing Exercises Versus Conventional Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain in Caregivers of Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Ul Haq Ijaz , Ullah Shakir , Ullah Rafi , Rahman Ali , Iqbal Muhammad , Idrees Neelofar , Shah Arif
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of abdominal hollowing exercise vs. conventional physical therapy for low back pain (LBP) among caregivers of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. In this quasi-experimental study via consecutive sampling, 60 subjects with LBP were arbitrarily allocated into two groups: Group A (n=30), who received abdominal hollowing exercise (AHE), group B (n=30), conventional physical therapy for 4 weeks at the Paraplegic Centre, Peshawar. The primary outcome measures were functional disability score through the modified Oswestry Disability Index (mODI) and pain intensity using the visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire. In terms of the mODI score and the VAS of caregivers with low back pain, a comparison was made between the two groups at baseline and the end of a four-week treatment period. At baseline, comparable results were observed. However, after the treatment, a statistically significant difference was found in both VAS and ODI scores (p<0.05). The VAS scores within group A were significantly lower (3.23±1.61) compared to the baseline scores (4.93±0.78). Similarly, the ODI scores showed a significant improvement (p=0.001) in group A in the fourth week, as compared to group B (p=0.719). AHE demonstrated effectiveness in managing LBP among caregivers of patients with SCI, surpassing the outcomes observed in those who underwent conventional physiotherapy for LBP. Considering the context of chronic LBP in caregivers, it is recommended to integrate AHE into the treatment approach, as it can lead to substantial pain reduction and diminished disability among individuals caring for SCI patients.
Kierkegaard’s Works of Love: From Benedict’s Rule to More’s Utopia
Authors: Neoh Joshua
Published: May 2024

Thou shall love. But can love be commanded? That is one of the key questions that troubled Kierkegaard in the Works of Love. We learn from Saint Paul that ‘no human being will be justified … by works of the law’ (Romans 3:20), but what about the works of love? The law of love turns love into a duty. The worry about using the language of law to demand love is that it turns love from a free act to a commanded, and therefore compelled, act. The law of love is love bound by law. This paper examines how this puzzle about law and love is resolved in Kierkegaard’s Works of Love, Benedict’s Rule, and More’s Utopia.
Natural Law with and without God
Authors: Crowe Jonathan
Published: May 2024

There is a common perception of natural law theory as characteristically (if not necessarily) theistic. This is sometimes presented as a drawback by secular critics of natural law thinking. Natural law authors themselves differ on the role of theism within their theories. Some have argued that natural law theory presupposes theism, while others have sought to give their views a secular basis. This article explores the relationship between natural law theory and theism. I begin by defining the characteristic features of the natural law outlook. I show that these core aspects of natural law thought can be rendered consistent with both theistic and non-theistic worldviews. However, these worldviews may yield different responses to some fundamental questions about natural law, such as where natural law comes from; how (and to what extent) humans can know about natural law; why humans should follow natural law; and whether natural law changes. I explore the consequences for natural law theories of theistic and non-theistic answers to these questions. I then offer some reasons for thinking that a version of theism incorporating what I term ‘qualified teleological perfectionism’ provides the most coherent foundation for the natural law outlook.
Christianity and Law in the Enlightenment
Authors: Witte Jr John , Berman Harold
Published: May 2024

The European and American Enlightenment movements of 1688 to 1815 transformed the Western legal tradition, notably in areas of constitutional law, criminal law, private law, legal and political theory, and legal education. Particularly the American and French Revolutions effected massive and sometimes violent changes to traditional patterns of law, politics, and society — separating church and state and placing a new premium on democratic rule of law by the general will and public opinion. These legal reforms were grounded in part in new Enlightenment liberal beliefs in deism, rationalism, individualism, and nationalism — ideas that came to strong expression in the many new constitutions and codes issued in the later 18th and 19th centuries. Even so, Enlightenment legal reformers often worked side by side with Christian legal reformers, and they reconstructed traditional Christian legal teachings more than they created laws anew. As a consequence, until the mid-19th century, there was more continuity than discontinuity between Enlightenment-based legal teachings and practices and those of the Western Christian tradition. The Enlightenment, however, provided new secular logics for many of the traditional laws that it adopted and then adapted, and these secular teachings would later fuel the more strident post-Christian, if not anti-Christian, legal campaign of modern liberalism.
Christian Natural Law and a Foundation for Religious Freedom: Love, the True, and the Good
Authors: Deagon Alex
Published: May 2024

This article is a summary version of my book Christian Natural Law and Religious Freedom: A Foundation Based on Love, the True and the Good (Routledge, forthcoming 2026). It aims to begin a conversation with respect to articulating a theological foundation for religious freedom. For this purpose, I consider natural law in the Christian tradition. In Part I, I briefly survey the diversity of Christian natural law and argue that Radical Orthodoxy enables the identification of common themes across the breadth of Christian natural law. These themes include the Good (a set of basic goods and the common good), the True (divine revelation as specially revealed in Scripture and generally revealed in nature), and Love (the law of love as ultimately displayed through Christ). In Part II, I draw on these themes of Good, True, and Love to sketch a theological framework for religious freedom. Fundamentally, religious freedom is an expression of the Good because it allows people to pursue the good of religion, which contributes to a flourishing community; it is an expression of the True because it aims towards receiving the revelation of God; it is an expression of Love because it brings people to the ultimate Good and Truth — God Himself — which is only possible through the loving sacrifice of Christ on the cross.
Comercio justo en un entorno digital desde la perspectiva de los consumidores urbanos por tipo de generación
Authors: Andrade Álvarez Carmita Efigenia , Viteri Ojeda Jimena Catalina , Moreta Moreta Luis Enrique , Esparza Paz Franqui Fernando
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la implementación y percepción en un entorno digital en los consumidores de productos del comercio justo en la ciudad de Riobamba, (Ecuador), para comprender cómo la tecnología digital está influyendo en las prácticas de comercio justo en el contexto urbano.  Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo mediante una encuesta estructurada con actores clave del comercio justo en la ciudad de Riobamba, además, se realizó un análisis exploratorio con diseño transversal, se utilizaron técnicas de muestreo no probabilístico para seleccionar a los participantes. La población y muestra fue considerada personas entre 20 y 60 años del área urbana.   Los principales resultados revelaron que, si bien las plataformas digitales están siendo cada vez más utilizadas por los productores y consumidores para el comercio justo, aún existen desafíos en términos de accesibilidad, capacitación y confianza en estas herramientas. Se observó una división entre los grupos que adoptan plenamente la tecnología digital y aquellos que tienen limitaciones para su uso, la generación Z exhibe un mayor dominio en el manejo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC).  Por tanto, el estudio concluye que el comercio justo en un entorno digital ofrece oportunidades significativas para mejorar la transparencia, la equidad y la conectividad entre los productores y los consumidores urbanos en Riobamba (Ecuador). Sin embargo, se necesitan políticas y programas que promuevan la inclusión de estas herramientas.
Influencia de la contabilidad en el pago de impuestos de los contribuyentes en el Ecuador
Authors: Alvarez Morales Elsa Leuvany , Chica Vera Pedro Luis , Escalante Sánchez John Jairo , Zhunio Zambrano Gaby Anahiza
Published: May 2024

La contabilidad, se ocupa de registrar, clasificar y resumir las operaciones comerciales de una empresa o negocio con el objetivo de interpretar sus resultados. Por otra parte, los impuestos son aportes que deben hacer las personas y las empresas, obligados por ley, para que el estado tenga los recursos suficientes para brindar los bienes y servicios públicos que necesita la comunidad. La relación que existe entre la contabilidad y el pago de tributos nace de la necesidad de conocer y determinar los montos exactos de pago de impuestos hacia el Estado, sin incurrir en un delito por elusión o evasión fiscal. La metodología de investigación seleccionada fue la cualitativa, con el fin de comprender y profundizar la relación existente entre estos conceptos y determinar la influencia de la actividad contable dentro del pago de impuestos que realizan los contribuyentes. Se obtuvo como resultado que el proceso contable es la herramienta que el contribuyente necesita para poder ejercer sus derechos y acatar el cumplimiento de las leyes de impuestos determinadas por el país de forma correcta.
Humberto de Campos: inspetor federal de ensino secundário (1931 -1934)
Authors: Silva Maria Solange Rocha da
Published: May 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação do escritor Humberto de Campos como inspetor federal de Ensino Secundário do Distrito Federal, durante o governo provisório de Getúlio Vargas (1930 – 1934). Para tanto, é preciso compreender quem foi este homem, o contexto em que viveu e o lugar que ocupou na sociedade de seu tempo. O estudo recorre a fontes diversas como jornais e revista, uma autobiografia e o diário do escritor. A pesquisa está situada no campo da História da Educação e tem embasamento teórico e metodológico na abordagem da Nova História Cultura. O texto analisa as condições em que ocorreram a nomeação de Humberto de Campos para o cargo de inspetor de ensino, observando que o ato refletia uma estratégia do governo em recrutar intelectuais para contribuir com suas políticas educacionais. O trabalho também discute o papel do Estado na fiscalização do ensino, através do Serviço de Inspeção, a dualidade educacional, com uma educação intelectual para a elite e um ensino técnico para as classes menos favorecidas e as incumbências dos inspetores de Ensino Secundário. Deste modo, as informações apresentadas ajudam a compreender o contexto, marcado pela Revolução de 1930 e pela ascensão de Getúlio Vargas ao poder. Esta pesquisa pode contribuir para uma reflexão sobre as políticas educacionais do período em estudo e para uma compreensão mais ampla da história da educação no Brasil.
LKPD Berisi Teknik Tes Opsi Pilihan Ganda dalam Pembelajaran Terpadu Fokus Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Harianto  , Wulandari Anita , Nislaini  , Ramlawati
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) paragraf faktual dalam LKPD terpadu untuk kelas fase C; 2) profil LKPD terpadu menggunakan teknik tes opsi pilihan ganda dalam pembelajaran terpadu fokus Bahasa Indonesia untuk kelas fase C. Penelitian dilaksanakan di semester genap tahun pelajaran 2023/2024 di SD Inpres 1 Tondo, Kecamatan Karang Tengah, Kota Tangerang, Banten. Sampel untuk mengukur keterbacaan paragraf berjumlah 15 siswa fase C. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas pedoman observasi, tes kloz daftar cek-ricek, dan kuesioner. Pedoman observasi dipakai untuk memperoleh data paragraf faktual dari berbagai sumber elektronik. Instrumen tes berjenis tes kloz digunakan untuk menentukan keterbacaan paragraf faktual yang dihasilkan. Daftar cek-ricek digunakan untuk memvalidasi data paragraf faktual. Kuesioner-1 dipakai untuk memvalidasi data paragraf. Kuesioner-2 dipakai untuk memvalidasi data tes opsi pilihan ganda sebagai teknik pembelajaran terpadu berfokus Bahasa Indonesia. Data paragraf dianalisis secara rasional-deskriptif melalui teknik triangulasi waktu. Data tes kloz dinalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif yakni prosedur mean dalam bentuk skor baku persen. Data yang bersumber dari kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan sistem validasi progresif melalui skala nilai 1-4. Hasil penelitian adalah: 1) tersedia 10 paragraf faktual yang saling lepas untuk bahan ajar terpadu untuk siswa fase C yang berketerbacaan sedang (masingmasing 2 paragraf bertema IPA, bertema IPS, bertema PPKn, bertema matematika, dan bertema seni budaya); 2) tersedia bahan ajar menggunakan teknik tes opsi pilihan ganda untuk pembelajaran terpadu fokus Bahasa Indonesia untuk siswa fase C (masingmasing 2 paragraf bertema IPA, bertema IPS, bertema PPKn, bertema matematika, bertema seni budaya, dan bertema PAI dan Budi Pekerti)
Prosedur Perencanaan Pembelajaran Apresiasi Cerita Rakyat Kepulauan Riau Menggunakan Teknik Tes Teks Kloz
Authors: Aryani T. Fetty , Ariani Firda , Amelia Rita
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) reproduksi teks cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ untuk persiapan pembelajaran; 2) teks kloz dalam satuan LKPD sebagai persiapan pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ yang menggunakan teknik tes teks kloz; 3) rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu bermedia LKPD menggunakan teknik tes teks kloz. Penelitian ini berlangsung di awal semester genap tahun pelajaran 2023/2024 di SMP Negeri 20 Batam. Populasi adalah kelompok siswa yang mengikuti tes berjenis teks kloz berbasis cerita rakyat Kepulauan Riau. Mereka merupakan kelompok siswa kelas 7 yang berjumlah 50 siswa yang terbagi dari 2 kelas paralel. Sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 40 siswa yang dipilih secara random tanpa pengembalian dari setiap kelompok populasi; masingmasing 20 siswa per kelompok sampel. Instrumen pertama penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi yang berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan data cerita rakyat yang bersumber dari kepustakaan. Instrumen kedua adalah daftar cek-ricek yang berfungsi untuk memvalidasi setiap cerita rakyat yang berhasil dikumpulkan. Instrumen ketiga adalah tes tertulis yakni teks kloz berbasis cerita rakyat. Hasil penelitian: 1) adanya reproduksi teks cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ untuk persiapan pembelajaran; 2) teks kloz dalam satuan LKPD sebagai persiapan pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ yang menggunakan teknik tes teks kloz yang dipilihan menjadi 9 pilahan; 3) rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu bermedia LKPD menggunakan teknik tes teks kloz.
Antonim Bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau dan Perencanaan Pembelajaran Terpadu Fokus Bahasa Indonesia melalui Teknik Tugas Menyalin
Authors: Wahyusari Ahada , Elfitri Legi , Juriati
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) antonim bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau; 2) perencanaan pembelajaran antonim bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau fokus Bahasa Indonesia melalui teknik tugas menyalin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk memperoleh sekumpulan antonim bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau secara objektif. Penelitian berlangsung di semester ganjil 2023/2024. Instrumen utama penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi untuk mengumpulkan data 12 antonim kosa kata bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau. Instrumen lainnya adalah daftar cek-ricek dan kuesioner. Daftar cek-ricek melalui triangulasi waktu digunakan untuk memvalidasi setiap data antonim yang dikumpulkan dan yang dianalisis dan memvalidasi data perencanaan pembelajaran yang menggunakan teknik tugas menyalin dalam LKPD terbatas. Kuesioner digunakan untuk memvalidasi data antonim dan data perencanaan pembelajaran antonim melalui LKPD terbatas yang menggunakan teknik tugas menyalin melalui sistem progresif pada nilai skala 1-4. Hasil penelitian: 1) adanya 12 antonim bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau; 2) hadirnya kegiatan belajar-mengajar dalam RPP antonim bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau fokus Bahasa Indonesia melalui teknik tugas menyalin dalam LKPD terbatas.
Keterampilan Mengembangkan Paragraf Fiksi Menggunakan Metode Model dan Teknik Tugas Menyalin melalui Media LPKD
Authors: Harahap Arshal Zairuby , Ningsih Siti Dyah
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) hasil belajar keterampilan mengembangkan paragraf fiksi menggunakan metode model dan teknik tugas menyalin melalui media LKPD; 2) sama-tidak hasil keterampilan mengembangkan paragraf fiksi menggunakan metode model dan teknik tugas menyalin melalui media LKPD per kelompok sampel. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di awal semester genap tahun pelajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian berlangsung di SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru dan SMK Negeri 1 Kandis. Populasi penelitian adalah para siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran keterampilan mengembangkan paragraf fiksi menggunakan metode model dan teknik tugas menyalin melalui media LKPD. Mereka berjumlah 65 siswa. Jumlah ini terbagi dari 33 siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru dan 32 siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Kandis yang secara aksidental bersesuaian dengan jadwal mengajar untuk kelas pertama. Sampel ditetapkan 56 siswa yang terbagi dari 28 siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru dan 28 siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Kandis. Setiap anggota sampel dipilih secara random sederhana. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan instrumen tes unjuk kerja yang valid. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik inferensial. Semua penghitungan menggunakan aplikasi komputer yakni SPSS. Hasil penelitian: 1) hasil belajar keterampilan mengembangkan paragraf fiksi menggunakan metode model dan teknik tugas menyalin melalui media LKPD bagi para anggota sampel berkategori sedang; 2) tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar keterampilan mengembangkan paragraf fiksi menggunakan metode model dan teknik tugas menyalin melalui media LKPD per kelompok sampel.
WYBRANE UWARUNKOWANIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA JEDNOSTEK PENITENCJARNYCH RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ W PERSPEKTYWIE OCHRONY DYNAMICZNEJ
Authors: Fuchs Grzegorz
Published: May 2024

W literaturze przedmiotu poruszana jest kwestia ochrony dynamicznej w więzieniach. W artykule poddano pod refleksję możliwość wprowadzenia elementów ochrony dynamicznej do polskich jednostek penitencjarnych. Zastrzeżono jednak, iż ewentualne zmiany nie powinny naruszać obowiązujących mechanizmów sprawowania bezpieczeństwa. Autor wskazuje na możliwość stworzenia modelu, który przewidywałby powołanie stanowisk „koordynatorów ochrony dynamicznej”. Prace nad przedmiotową problematyką mają swoje uzasadnienie w humanitaryzmie. Istotne wydaje się takie skonstruowanie modelu, aby odpowiadał on rzeczywistym potrzebą społeczeństwa (reintegracja skazanych) oraz personelu instytucji penitencjarnych.
CZYNNOŚCI PROFILAKTYCZNE W SŁUŻBIE WIĘZIENNEJ - INFORMACJA A SYSTEM BEZPIECZEŃSTWA JEDNOSTKI PENITENCJARNEJ W NOWYM UJĘCIU NORMATYWNYM
Authors: Werbiński Jakub
Published: May 2024

Informacja determinuje działania każdego z nas, dlatego rozpatrywanie jej w obszarze bezpieczeństwa wydaje się działaniem naturalnym a wręcz niezbędnym. Korzystanie z tak potencjalnie skutecznego narzędzia pozwala unikać strat i eliminować sytuacje kryzysowe. Dlatego grunt zakładów karnych i aresztów śledczych, gdzie w pewnym sensie stan zagrożenia można uznawać jako permanentny, jest miejscem szczególnym z punktu widzenia wykorzystania informacji. W pracy zostały zaprezentowane rozwiązania przewidziane dla Służby Więziennej w zakresie informacji rozumianej jako czynności profilaktyczne. Działanie to i jego znaczenie odzwierciedla fakt, że każdego dnia realizuje je cały personel penitencjarny. Postawione na zakończenie konkluzje powinny być zaczynem do dalszej dyskusji w tym obszarze, a może i determinantem do podjęcia badań rzucających światło na ten nie łatwy element funkcjonowania wszystkich zakładów karnych i aresztów śledczych w Polsce.
WKŁAD ANTONIEGO JAŹWIŃSKIEGO I JÓZEFA BEMA W POPULARYZACJĘ POLSKIEJ METODY MNEMOTECHNICZNEJ
Authors: Molenda Piotr
Published: May 2024

W artykule przedstawiono wkład Antoniego Jaźwińskiego i generała Józefa Bema w opracowanie i popularyzację metody dydaktycznej znanej w kilku krajach Europy pierwszej połowy XIX stulecia. W trudnych warunkach emigracyjnych obaj oficerowie wykazali się szerokimi zainteresowaniami i z determinacją zajęli się wdrożeniem rozwiązań ułatwiających nauczanie historii, później także innych przedmiotów. Głównym celem poszukiwań było znalezienie sposobów usprawniających zapamiętywanie informacji. Zrozumiałe staje się dlaczego do początkowej nazwy metoda polska dopisano z czasem przymiotnik mnemotechniczna. W ciągu kilkunastu lat zaproponowane przez Jaźwińskiego rozwiązania przechodzą szereg modyfikacji. Cały czas jednak podstawą nauczania jest wykorzystanie w procesie poznawczym tablicy o stu polach. Tak zwana tablica Jaźwińskiego została udoskonalona staraniem J. Bema. Opracowane przez generała rozwiązania znalazły zastosowanie w edukacji francuskiej, z materiałów Jaźwińskiego korzystano też w szkołach rosyjskich. Obaj współpracownicy znaleźli również grono naśladowców i kontynuatorów, którzy popularyzowali efektywny sposób nauczania zarówno na terenie ziem polskich jak i za oceanem.
ODKRYWANIE NOWYCH HORYZONTÓW EKSPLORACJI AKADEMICKIEJ W NAUKACH O BEZPIECZEŃSTWIE: PROCEDURY BADAWCZE W SECURITOLOGII
Authors: Kawalerski Paweł
Published: May 2024

Wiedza naukowa w dyscyplinie nauki o bezpieczeństwie w obecnej chwili znajdują się raczej w stadium in statu nascendi dojrzałości metodologicznej. W tym stadium – w eksplikacjach filozofii nauki - nauka zazwyczaj bazuje na wnioskowaniu indukcyjnym, z natury rzeczy w naukach społecznych – niezupełnej. Tym samym konstruuje się wiedzę o charakterze potocznym (zdrowo-rozsądkowym). Ponadto, można zaobserwować nieścisłość w procedurach badawczych prowadzącą do wielu problemów w trakcie badań, które mają negatywny wpływ na jakość i wiarygodność nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Z tej racji, wydaje się zasadne podjąć badania w ramach cyklu artykułów w przedmiocie procedur badawczych. Celem jest identyfikacja procedur badawczych możliwych do stosowania w nowoczesnej nauce o bezpieczeństwie. Główny problem badawczy wyraża się pytaniu metodologicznym: jakie procedury badawcze można wyróżnić ogólnie i ściśle w ramach securitologii? Syntetycznie stwierdzając, badanie rzeczywistości można przeprowadzać od racji do następstwa: wtedy najpierw jest eksploracja, potem eksplikacja, potem klasyfikacja, ale można badać rzeczywistość idąc od następstwa do racji: najpierw klasyfikacja, potem eksplikacja, potem eksploracja.
PIERWSZA POMOC W POLSKIM SYSTEMIE PENITENCJARNYM. ASPEKTY PRAWNE I PRAKTYCZNE
Authors: Kostyra Grzegorz
Published: May 2024

Niniejsza publikacja porusza kwestie udzielania pierwszej pomocy w zakładach karnych i aresztach śledczych. Stanowi swego rodzaju podstawowy informator prawny i praktyczny. Przedstawiono aktualny program szkolenia zawodowego z zakresu pierwszej pomocy oraz propozycje zmian w tym zakresie. W artykule przedstawiono ramowy schemat postępowania w przypadku konieczności ratowania osoby, która dokonała aktu autoagresji. Ramy niniejszej publikacji nie pozwalają na zgłębienie niuansów medycyny oraz orzecznictwa dotyczącego pierwszej pomocy udzielanej przez funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej, jednak mogą stanowić wstęp do pogłębionych dyskusji na ten temat.
Anticuerpos irregulares y grado de implicación en pacientes transfundidos del Hospital General San Francisco en Quito Periodo 2019-2023
Authors: Cadena -Alvarado Juan Manuel , Solano-Ramírez Cinthya Patricia
Published: May 2024

Los anticuerpos irregulares son proteínas que pueden aparecer como respuesta a la exposición a un antígeno eritrocitario extraño (transfusión o trasplante), o por incompatibilidad materno-fetal. Estos anticuerpos son distintos a los anticuerpos naturales que se encuentran en el sistema ABO. La presencia de estos anticuerpos puede desencadenar reacciones inmunitarias adversas durante y después de la transfusión, impactando la eficacia del procedimiento y la salud del receptor. Los objetivos fueron establecer la prevalencia de anticuerpos irregulares en la población del hospital, identificar los tipos específicos de anticuerpos, relacionar los posibles grados de implicaciones de su presencia en la transfusión sanguínea y asociar los anticuerpos con la morbilidad de los pacientes transfundidos en el Hospital General San Francisco, de la ciudad de Quito, en el periodo 2019 – 2023. El estudio fue transversal, cuali-cuantitativo y retrospectivo, en el que se analizaron la base de datos de pacientes que requirieron transfusiones sanguíneas en dicho hospital. Existe una prevalencia significativa de anticuerpos irregulares, con 22.9% de los pacientes transfundidos. Se identificaron varios tipos de anticuerpos irregulares, siendo los más frecuentes los del sistema Rh (anti D, anti E y anti C) con un total de 37 pacientes. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la presencia de anticuerpos y sus implicaciones durante la transfusión sanguínea, resaltando la importancia de su consideración en este proceso. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre los anticuerpos y las reacciones adversas a la transfusión (RAT) inmediatas de tipo inmunológico. La prevalencia de anticuerpos irregulares fue del 22,9%, lo que proporciona una base estadística para mejorar la atención al paciente y orientar futuras investigaciones en este campo.