bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining State Ownership in Listed Companies in Norway
Authors: Christensen Sverre A.
Published: August 2023

This article aims to explain the considerable state ownership in listed companies in Norway (SOiN) at present. The extant literature has pointed to alleged national idiosyncrasies to explain this special feature of Norwegian capitalism. The main contribution of this article is a comparative perspective. It shows that most European countries have pursued selective protectionism (i.e., to secure national ownership in key companies). It also shows that financial capital was not crucial for selective protectionism. On this background, the article discusses why state ownership became the mode of selective protectionism in Norway. It argues that the main reason is that large private (often multinational) companies did not develop in the wake of the second Industrial Revolution. Another key reason is that a specific hybrid ownership model that was developed after 1945 became an available institutional solution for securing national ownership after 1990. A common ground and a compromise were found on this model, based both on trust and distrust toward the state: a trust in that the state could operate as a passive and private owner, and a corresponding distrust in the state as an active industrialist and owner.
Toggling: How Shifts between Deontology and Virtue Ethics Undermine Public Moral Discourse about Gender and Race
Authors: Zager Sarah
Published: August 2023

This article argues that shifts between deontological and virtue-ethical moral reasoning hamper public moral conversations about misogyny and racism. Using examples ranging from sexual assault to police violence, I show that when someone is accused of committing a moral wrong, they often respond by shifting from deontological to virtue-ethical modes of analysis. This kind of “toggling” between the two enables a person to claim that they are “a good person” even when they have violated important moral rules. In this way, toggling shuts down or makes incoherent our efforts to call one another to moral account, especially (but by no means exclusively) when we are attempting to address issues of systemic oppression and discrimination, including misogyny and racism.
Risky Inquiry: Developing an Ethics for Philosophical Practice
Authors: Basu Rima
Published: August 2023

Philosophical inquiry strives to be the unencumbered exploration of ideas. That is, unlike scientific research, which is subject to ethical oversight, it is commonly thought that it would either be inappropriate, or that it would undermine what philosophy fundamentally is, if philosophical research were subject to similar ethical oversight. Against this, I argue that philosophy is in need of a reckoning. Philosophical inquiry is a morally hazardous practice with its own risks. There are risks present in the methods we employ, risks inherent in the content of the views under consideration, and risks to the subjects of our inquiry. Likely, there are more risks still. However, by starting with the identification of these three risks we can demonstrate not only why an ethics of practice is needed but also which avenues are the most promising for developing an ethics for philosophical practice. Although we might just be in the business of asking questions, we do not merely, in virtue of engaging in philosophical inquiry, absolve ourselves of responsibility for the risks that inquiry incurs.
The proportion of triangles in a class of anisotropic Poisson line tessellations
Authors: Heerten Nils , Krecklenberg Julia , Thäle Christoph
Published: August 2023

Stationary Poisson processes of lines in the plane are studied, whose directional distributions are concentrated on
$k\geq 3$
equally spread directions. The random lines of such processes decompose the plane into a collection of random polygons, which form a so-called Poisson line tessellation. The focus of this paper is to determine the proportion of triangles in such tessellations, or equivalently, the probability that the typical cell is a triangle. As a by-product, a new deviation of Miles’s classical result for the isotropic case is obtained by an approximation argument.
The impact of wine tasters’ expectations on wine quality ratings and willingness-to-pay
Authors: Masset Philippe , Raub Steffen
Published: August 2023

Is it possible to exploit cognitive biases so that a non-professional taster prefers one wine to several other absolutely identical wines? To address this question, three complementary experiments were carried out. Each time, five wines were tasted blind in a tasting laboratory by 24 to 34 tasters. Converging evidence from the experiments shows that participants were not capable of identifying that some of the wines they were tasting were absolutely identical. Moreover, the results show that by providing information about the wines’ ratings, prices, or reputation, tasters’ expectations can be modified, and, as a result, their evaluations of the wines can be altered. Specifically, we show that it is possible to modify the ranking between different wines and to get tasters to prefer a wine over other absolutely identical wines. Finally, a surprising finding was that experienced tasters express stronger opinions and adapt their evaluations more strongly after being given manipulative information on the wines they taste.
Tracing thick and thin concepts through corpora
Authors: Reuter Kevin , Baumgartner Lucien , Willemsen Pascale
Published: August 2023

Philosophers and linguists currently lack the means to reliably identify evaluative concepts and measure their evaluative intensity. Using a corpus-based approach, we present a new method to distinguish evaluatively thick and thin adjectives like ‘courageous’ and ‘awful’ from descriptive adjectives like ‘narrow,’ and from value-associated adjectives like ‘sunny.’ Our study suggests that the modifiers ‘truly’ and ‘really’ frequently highlight the evaluative dimension of thick and thin adjectives, allowing for them to be uniquely classified. Based on these results, we believe our operationalization may pave the way for a more quantitative approach to the study of thick and thin concepts.
Bureaucratic autonomy and the policymaking capacity of United States agencies, 1998–2021
Authors: Bednar Nicholas Ryan
Published: August 2023

Despite a renewed interest in the health of the US administrative state, the absence of meaningful time-series measures of bureaucratic capacity hinders the testing of core theories of bureaucratic and executive politics. Using over 190 million personnel records, I estimate 5590 yearly policymaking-capacity scores for 261 unique agencies from 1998 to 2021. These measures provide an invaluable tool as either an independent or dependent variable in studies of administrative policymaking. To illustrate the value of these measures, I test longstanding theories about the relationship between bureaucratic autonomy and capacity. In contrast with emerging survey research, this study demonstrates that agencies with higher levels of structural independence have higher levels of policymaking capacity.
Less is more: partial larvicidal efficacy of plant leachate leads to larger Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Marsaro Isabella Bodanese , Cozzer Gilberto Dinis , Cararo Emanuel Rampanelli , Brito Raquel De , Borges William Gabriel , Dal Magro Jacir , Lima-Rezende Cássia Alves , Rezende Renan de Souza
Published: August 2023

Major efforts to control the population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes involve the use of synthetic insecticides, which can be harmful to the environment. Most plant compounds are eco-friendly and some of them have biocontrol potential, whereas a fraction of these compounds is released into the environment through the leaf-leaching process. We evaluated the effects of secondary compounds from Ateleia glazioviana and Eucalyptus grandis senescent leaf leachates on Ae. aegypti larval mortality, adult emergence time, and wing size using a microcosm approach. The microcosms consisted of 10 larvae kept in water (control) and under four treatments with leachates from a combination of plant species and leaching time (7 or 14 days). Chemical analyses of the leachates showed the presence of carboxaldehyde and Heptatriocotanol, which have antimicrobial properties, potentially reducing the food available for larvae. β-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, α-Amyrin, and Lupeol are compounds with inhibitory, neurotoxic, and larvicidal effects. Both plant species’ leachates increased larval mortality and decreased emergence time due to the presence of compounds toxic to the larvae. Larger organisms emerged in treatments with 7-days leachates, likely due to the high concentration of dissolved organic matter in the leachates. The higher mortality in 7-days leachates may also increase the organic matter from co-specific decomposition, improving adult size. Therefore, if the mosquito population is not locally extinct, compounds present in leaf leachates may act as a resource enhancing larvae growth, potentially increasing survivors’ fitness. In conclusion, biocontrol attempts using urban green spaces may have unexpected outcomes, such as resulting in larger pest organisms.
MASSIS AMERINA NON PERVSTIS (STAT. SILV. 1.6.18): ANOTHER ITALIAN PASTRY?
Authors: Krasne Darcy A.
Published: August 2023

This article proposes that untethering amerina at Stat. Silv. 1.6.18 from Pliny's mention of varieties of apples and pears called Amerina allows us to read the line as instead referring to a type of pastry originating in Umbrian Ameria, which is within ancient naming practices for pastries and fits better into the context of the catalogue in which the line occurs. In this case, the second half of the catalogue is closely akin to the crustulum et mulsum donative of wealthy Italian patrons in the early empire.
Cross-helicity effect onα-type dynamo in non-equilibrium turbulence
Authors: Mizerski Krzysztof A. , Yokoi Nobumitsu , Brandenburg Axel
Published: August 2023

Turbulence is typically not in equilibrium, i.e. mean quantities such as the mean energy and helicity are typically time-dependent. The effect of non-stationarity on the turbulent hydromagnetic dynamo process is studied here with the use of the two-scale direct-interaction approximation, which allows one to explicitly relate the mean turbulent Reynolds and Maxwell stresses and the mean electromotive force to the spectral characteristics of turbulence, such as the mean energy, as well as kinetic and cross-helicity. It is demonstrated that the non-equilibrium effects can enhance the dynamo process when the magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is both helical and cross-helical. This effect is based on the turbulent infinitesimal-impulse cross-response functions, which do not affect turbulent flows in equilibrium. The evolution and sources of the cross-helicity in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence are also discussed.
ΚΑΤΕΣΚΑΨΑΝ ΙΕΡΑΠΥΤΝΙΟΙ: THE DESTRUCTION OF POLITICAL COMMUNITIES IN THE SECOND CENTURY BC AND THE RESILIENCE OF THE CRETAN POLIS
Authors: Whitley James
Published: August 2023

Recently there has been a revival of interest in both the historical and archaeological dimensions of the destruction of cities. The destruction of the principal settlement of apolisis one thing, the effective eradication of the political community quite another. What did it take to destroy a political community? The historical record is full of references to destructions of onepolisby another in late Classical to Hellenistic times in Crete. And though not all of these destructions led to the end of the political community in question, some did, and between the Classical period (where we know of 49poleis) and the Roman conquest of Metellus (where we know of only 24) the numbers of Cretanpoleiswere drastically reduced. The destruction of Praisos by Hierapytna between 145 and 140 BC (Strabo 10.4.12) was one such case. This seems to form part of a horizon of destructions (of Dreros, Apollonia and Phaistos) that took place between 200 and 140 BC. Florence Gaignerot-Driessen has demonstrated that there is a clear ritual dimension to this in the case of Dreros, a dimension indicated elsewhere by the use of the verb κατέσκαψαν. Excavations at Praisos have shed light on this question. This paper argues that, while there is no evidence for a widespread destruction by fire, there is clear evidence for the ending of Praisian sanctuaries and the forced abandonment of houses and (most intriguingly) the abandonment of large storage vessels. A particular archaeological ‘signature’ of these abandonments, evident at Dreros, Phaistos and Praisos, is the abandonment of the ‘household pithos’, which in many cases seem to be older than the houses in which they have been found. The paper also argues that these archaeological signatures of what had to be destroyed in order to eradicate a political community in turn shed light on what made this particular form of ‘citizen state’ so resilient.
Celtic Nationalisms and the Global Break-up of Britain
Authors: Jackson Ben
Published: August 2023

This response to Stuart Ward'sUntied Kingdomexamines his treatment of Scottish and Welsh nationalisms. This is a crucial part of the book because it is here that Ward completes his narrative arc, which depicts the loss of empire as a fundamentally destabilising force for the UK state and its basis in a shared British identity. So how should we think about the pressure that decolonisation places on British identity within Britain? While admiring much of Ward's treatment of this question, this response suggests that he underestimates the importance of post-war social democracy as a possible alternative basis for British identity and the decay of that social democracy as a causal factor in the rise of Scottish and Welsh nationalisms.
A shared novelty-seeking basis for creativity and curiosity
Authors: Ivancovsky Tal , Baror Shira , Bar Moshe
Published: August 2023

Curiosity and creativity are central pillars of human growth and invention. Although they have been studied extensively in isolation, the relationship between them has not yet been established. We propose that both curiosity and creativity emanate from the same mechanism of novelty seeking. We first present a synthesis showing that curiosity and creativity are affected similarly by a number of key cognitive faculties such as memory, cognitive control, attention, and reward. We then review empirical evidence from neuroscience research, indicating that the same brain regions are involved in both curiosity and creativity, focusing on the interplay between three major brain networks: the default mode network, the salience network, and the executive control network. After substantiating the link between curiosity and creativity, we propose a novelty-seeking model (NSM) that underlies them and suggests that the manifestation of the NSM is governed by one's state of mind.
Toward a theory of minority-party influence in the U.S. Congress: whip counts, amendment votes, and minority leverage in the house
Authors: Jenkins Jeffery A. , Monroe Nathan W. , Provins Tessa
Published: August 2023

The literature on congressional decision-making has largely ignored the influence of the minority party in the legislative process. This follows from the widely held belief that the majority party dominates the agenda-setting process. Though the minority party rarely achieves major policy success in Congress, we argue that the minority has significantly more influence over the legislative agenda than is commonly believed. We posit that, under some conditions, the minority has enough bargaining leverage to get floor votes on their proposals, in the form of both amendments and bills. We test our theoretical expectations with a novel design utilizing whip count data from the House and show that when a whip count on a bill occurs, the likelihood of a minority amendment disappointment and a majority amendment roll increases, respectively. This suggests that the more leverage the minority party has, the more we see their legislative proposals on the floor.
Labour force transitions and changes in quality of life at age 50–55 years: evidence from a birth cohort study
Authors: Watts Paul , Bartley Mel , Blane David , Netuveli Gopalakrishnan
Published: August 2023

In the context of an ageing population and longer working lives, the impact of increasing rates of early exit from the labour force on quality of life is a particularly current concern. However, relatively little is known about the impact on quality of life of later-life labour force transitions and various forms of early exit from the labour force, compared to remaining in employment. This paper examines lifecourse labour force trajectories and transitions in relation to change in quality of life prior to the State Pension Age. Lifecourse data on early life circumstances, labour force trajectories and labour force transitions from 3,894 women and 3,528 men in the National Child Development Study (1958 British Birth Cohort) were examined in relation to change in quality of life, measured by a short-form version of CASP, between the ages of 50 and 55. Women and men differed in the types of labour force transition associated with positive change in quality of life, with men more frequent beneficiaries. For both men and women, labour force exit due to being sick or disabled was associated with a negative change in quality of life, whereas joining the labour force was associated with a positive change in quality of life. Moving into retirement was associated with a positive change in men's quality of life, but not women's. Moving from full-time to part-time employment was associated with a positive change in women's quality of life but not men's. The findings that stand out for their policy relevance are: the threat to the quality of life of both women and men from early labour force exit due to limiting longstanding illness; and women are less likely to experience beneficial labour force exit in the later years of their working life, but are more likely to benefit from a reduction in working hours.
Dynamic regulatory processes among child welfare parents: Temporal associations between physiology and parenting behavior
Authors: Zhang Xutong , Gatzke-Kopp Lisa M. , Skowron Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2023

This study examined how temporal associations between parents’ physiological and behavioral responses may reflect underlying regulatory difficulties in at-risk parenting. Time-series data of cardiac indices (second-by-second estimates of inter-beat intervals – IBI, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia – RSA) and parenting behaviors were obtained from 204 child welfare-involved parents (88% mothers, Mage = 32.32 years) during child-led play with their 3- to 7-year-old children (45.1% female; Mage = 4.76 years). Known risk factors for maltreatment, including parents’ negative social cognitions, mental health symptoms, and inhibitory control problems, were examined as moderators of intra-individual physiology-behavior associations. Results of ordinary differential equations suggested increases in parents’ cardiac arousal at moments when they showed positive parenting behaviors. In turn, higher arousal was associated with momentary decreases in both positive and negative parenting behaviors. Individual differences in these dynamic processes were identified in association with parental risk factors. In contrast, no sample-wide RSA-behavior associations were evident, but a pattern of increased positive parenting at moments of parasympathetic withdrawal emerged among parents showing more total positive parenting behaviors. This study illustrated an innovative and ecologically-valid approach to examining regulatory patterns that may shape parenting in real-time and identified mechanisms that should be addressed in interventions.
Large saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta in a 5-year-old patient
Authors: Karagöz Uğur , Bilen Çağatay , Karaçelik Mustafa
Published: August 2023

Saccular aneurysms of the aorta in childhood are rare, and the low incidence of aortic aneurysms among children limits our understanding of their aetiology and surgical indications. In this case report, we describe the successful surgical treatment of a 5-year-old boy with severe aortic valvular stenosis, supra-valvular aortic stenosis, and a large saccular aneurysm in the anterior wall of the ascending aorta, without any connective tissue disorder.
Building resilience in the Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner (PWP) role: a qualitative grounded theory study
Authors: Vivolo Marco , Owen Joel , Fisher Paul
Published: August 2023

Aim:

Staff retention, particularly in the Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner (PWP) workforce, has historically been challenging for Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services. This study sought to develop an explanatory model of the resilience-building process in PWPs working within the IAPT programme.

Method:

A qualitative design was conducted, using a grounded theory methodology. Participants were recruited from two IAPT services in the National Health Service (NHS), which were part of the same Mental Health Trust. Ten PWPs were interviewed via videoconferencing using semi-structured interviews.

Results:

An explanatory model of resilience in PWPs encompassed three phases: the experience of work-related challenges, the connection with their values and the related appraisal of adversity in resilient ways, and the implementation of effective coping strategies.

Conclusions:

The model highlights that PWPs develop resilience through values-based sensemaking and by proactively engaging in effective coping mechanisms. This study contributes to the current understanding of the process of resilience in PWPs. More research is needed to explore the developmental processes underlying PWPs’ resilience. The implications of the findings in relation to existing conceptualisations of resilience, staff wellbeing and retention are explored. Recommendations for future research are also given.
Early results of a natural experiment evaluating the effects of a local minimum wage policy on the diet-related health of low-wage workers, 2018–2020
Authors: Caspi Caitlin E , Gombi-Vaca Maria Fernanda , Wolfson Julian , Harnack Lisa J , De Marco Molly , Pratt Rebekah , Durfee Thomas , Myers Samuel L.
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The current study presents results of a midpoint analysis of an ongoing natural experiment evaluating the diet-related effects of the Minneapolis Minimum Wage Ordinance, which incrementally increases the minimum wage to $15/h.

Design:

A difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis of measures collected among low-wage workers in two U.S. cities (one city with a wage increase policy and one comparison city). Measures included employment-related variables (hourly wage, hours worked and non-employment assessed by survey questions with wages verified by paystubs), BMI measured by study scales and stadiometers and diet-related mediators (food insecurity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and daily servings of fruits and vegetables, whole-grain rich foods and foods high in added sugars measured by survey questions).

Setting:

Minneapolis, Minnesota and Raleigh, North Carolina.

Participants:

A cohort of 580 low-wage workers (268 in Minneapolis and 312 in Raleigh) who completed three annual study visits between 2018 and 2020.

Results:

In DiD models adjusted for time-varying and non-time-varying confounders, there were no statistically significant differences in variables of interest in Minneapolis compared with Raleigh. Trends across both cities were evident, showing a steady increase in hourly wage, stable BMI, an overall decrease in food insecurity and non-linear trends in employment, hours worked, SNAP participation and dietary outcomes.

Conclusion:

There was no evidence of a beneficial or adverse effect of the Minimum Wage Ordinance on health-related variables during a period of economic and social change. The COVID-19 pandemic and other contextual factors likely contributed to the observed trends in both cities.
Do Lower Tariff Rates Promote Global Value Chain Participation?
Authors: Yanikkaya Halit , Tat Pınar , Altun Abdullah
Published: August 2023

The trade of intermediates now accounts for a growing share of global trade. In this highly fragmented global production system, any change in tariff rates can generate a higher impact than that of initial direct tariffs. To assess the impact of tariffs on global value chain participation, this study uses value-added trade statistics and cumulative tariff rates for 12 sectors from 168 countries for the years 1990–2015. The visual inspection suggests that initial tariffs result in higher tariff rates (almost 14%) due to a knock-on impact along with supply chains. The main empirical finding is that both faced and imposed tariff rates have significant negative impacts on sectoral global value chain participation. The effect is also persistent in the analysis if we employ cumulative tariff rates. Apart from these policy determinants, sector- and country-level endowments, such as higher relative length, capital intensity, foreign direct investment stock, and human capital appear to be the major drivers for higher total, forward, and backward global value chains participation. Even if our main results are robust, there are also some distinctions in the effects of tariff rates depending on the country- and sector-level heterogeneities. In a policy-related debate, given the cascading impacts of these liberalization initiatives, autonomous, regional, and global liberalization efforts are critical for all sectors to reap the benefits from the global production system.
“Power to the People!”: The Catalytic Role of the Black Power Movement in Trinidad and Tobago’s Industrialization
Authors: Perry Keston K. , Edwards Zophia
Published: August 2023

Recent developmental state research highlights state-society configurations and contentious politics in shaping industrialization. Still, much of this work focuses on East Asia and tends to sidestep racialized labor exploitation, imperialism, and uneven incorporation into the global capitalist system through the trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonialism as important drivers. Through an historical analysis of Trinidad and Tobago, this paper examines how interventionist industrial policies emerged out of such structures and conditions. It highlights the role of anti-imperial and anti-racist struggles exemplified by the Black Power Movement in Trinidad and Tobago – a social movement comprising workers, marginalized youth, and civic leaders, which sought to overturn a colonial economy, reconfigure hierarchical race relations, address economic injustices, promote democratically negotiated industrialization, and chart a new course for a post-independent, multiracial Trinidad and Tobago. Utilizing archival data, this paper argues that Trinidad and Tobago’s government shifted from a passive industrial strategy characteristic of the colonial era to a more active approach from 1970 to 1984 largely in response to forceful demands and demonstrations by the Black Power Movement, which, in turn, led to improved social conditions, nationalization of key industries, the creation of state-owned enterprises, new skills and technological investments, and more. These findings advance developmental state theory by specifying the heretofore largely unacknowledged role of racial justice and anti-imperialist social movements in bringing about a different path from the East Asian model toward industrial and social transformation.
How to Become a Historian of Latin America: The Extraordinary Career of Frank Tannenbaum
Authors: Weinstein Barbara
Published: August 2023

In January 2001, before the Conference on Latin American History decided to link its annual luncheon address to the recipient of its Distinguished Service Award, I had the honor of speaking at the CLAH luncheon, and in that previous talk I briefly discussed the circumstances that led to my becoming a Latin Americanist. Here I return to the theme of becoming a historian of Latin America, but this time I will be drawing not on my own rather unremarkable experience, but instead on my current research for an intellectual biography of the renowned Latin Americanist Frank Tannenbaum (1893–1969), whose path to specialization in Latin American history was considerably more remarkable.
Klassische Lerntheorien
Authors: Bodenmann Guy , Perrez Meinrad , Schär Marcel
Published: August 2023

Einführung in die klassischen Lerntheorien

Umfassend und anschaulich werden in diesem Lehrbuch die lerntheoretischen Grundlagen unter Einbezug neuer Forschungsbefunde vorgestellt: die Klassische und Operante Konditionierung, neuere behaviorale Ansätze sowie kognitive, soziale und gestaltpsychologische Modelle. Diese bilden unter anderem das lerntheoretische Fundament der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie.
Nach einer kurzen historischen Einführung werden die bekanntesten Vertreter der einzelnen Theorien und ihre Modelle dargestellt. Zahlreiche Fallbeispiele veranschaulichen die theoretischen Annahmen und zeigen ihre Bedeutung zum Verständnis von Verhalten auf. Jeder Ansatz wird auf seine praktische Anwendbarkeit im Alltag, im erzieherischen Kontext und im Bereich der Psychotherapie diskutiert. Das Lehrbuch leistet damit einen wertvollen Brückenschlag zwischen Theorie und Praxis.
Zu den didaktischen Elementen zählen Übungsfragen, Definitionsboxen und Beispiele. Die vierte, vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage des beliebten Lehrbuchs integriert die aktuelle Forschungsliteratur. Es werden Implikationen der Lerntheorien für altbewährte und neuere psychotherapeutische Methoden unter Einbezug digitaler Formate erörtert.
Ich fühle, was ich will
Authors: Weber Julia
Published: August 2023

Mit dem Zürcher Ressourcen Modell (ZRM®) zur selbstgesteuerten Gefühlskompetenz
Woher kommen Gefühle? Was genau ist der Sinn und Nutzen von Gefühlen? Und wie können Gefühle besser wahrgenommen werden? Viele Menschen sind von „Gefühlsblindheit“, der sogenannten Alexithymie, betroffen. Dabei handelt es sich um Schwierigkeiten bei der Identifikation und?/?oder der Beschreibung von Gefühlen.
Julia Weber geht den Gefühlen mithilfe des Zürcher Ressourcen Modells (ZRM®) auf den Grund. Sie erklärt leicht verständlich und fundiert das Konzept der Alexithymie und ihrer Entstehung. Welchen Anteil haben das Unbewusste und der Verstand?
Nach einem theoretischen Teil folgen zwei praktische -Trainingsabschnitte, die auf dem ZRM® basieren. Dabei werden im ersten Schritt Übungen erklärt, die die Gefühlswahrnehmung verbessern, und im zweiten Schritt folgen Übungen zur Verbesserung der selbstbestimmten Gefühlssteuerung.
Für die zweite Auflage wurde der Inhalt aktualisiert.

Die Arbeitsmaterialien zu diesem Buch können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Potenzialentfaltung bei Kindern mit besonderem Förderbedarf
Authors: Krauss Jeremy
Published: August 2023

Jeremy Krauss ist einer der letzten Schüler von Moshé Feldenkrais und lehrte und praktizierte die Feldenkrais-Methode. Insbesondere durch seine Arbeit mit Kindern mit besonderem Förderbedarf hat er einen interprofessionellen und erweiterten Ansatz entwickelt. Mit diesem neuen Ansatz (Jeremy Krauss Approach - JKA) können erfahrungsorientiertes Lernen, Entwicklung und persönliches Wachstum bei verschiedenen Entwicklungsverzögerungen fähigkeitsorientiert unterstützt werden.

Behandlungserfolge können insbesondere bei Kindern erzielt werden, deren Schwierigkeiten im neurologischen, muskuloskelettalen, psychischen oder sozioemotionalen Bereich liegen.

Anhand zahlreicher Fallbeispiele und mit anschaulichen Fotostrecken reflektiert der Autor seine Erfahrungen, die anschlussfähig sind für Themen wie motorisches Lernen, Neuroplastizität, Embodiment sowie die Humanistische oder Entwicklungspsychologie.

Didaktisch gründet sich der JKA auf ein genaues Beobachten und nachvollziehendes Verstehen von entwicklungsrelevanten Bewegungsabläufen und individuellen Bewegungsmustern sowie möglichen Barrieren. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den dynamischen Aspekten von Übergangsbewegungen und Positionen und den damit verbundenen individuellen Entwicklungsschritten.

Ziel ist es also, nicht nur die Einschränkungen oder Defizite zu fokussieren, sondern für jedes Kind die ihm individuell zur Verfügung stehenden Möglichkeiten und Fähigkeiten zu erkennen und es so individuell zu fördern.

Mit Geleitworten von Gerald Hüther, Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen, Ale Duarte und Bulent Elbasan.
Paths From Aerosol Particles to Activation and Cloud Droplets in Shallow Cumulus Clouds: The Roles of Entrainment and Supersaturation Fluctuations
Authors: Oh D. , Noh Y. , Hoffmann F.
Published: August 2023

The activation of aerosol particles and its contribution to cloud droplet size distributions in shallow cumulus clouds are investigated by analyzing the cloud field simulation results using a Lagrangian cloud model coupled with large eddy simulation, which allows explicit simulations of the activation and tracking of each super‐droplet. Analysis is focused on the differences in activations for aerosol particles following central updraft from a cloud base (CB) and particles entrained above the cloud base (EA). Time series of various variables following individual particles confirm the distinctive nature of CB and EA activation. Strong supersaturation fluctuations induced by entrainment and turbulent mixing at cloud edges cause most EA particles to be deactivated soon after activation, substantially limiting their lifetime and growth relative to CB particles. Most net activation—the difference between activation and deactivation—occurs at the cloud base and vanishes aloft. Cloud droplet activation spectra follow the theoretical prediction at high supersaturation conditions, although the proportional constant is smaller because of particle deactivation. The spectra deviate from the theoretical prediction at low supersaturation conditions since they are affected by the transport of the CB particles activated elsewhere.
Layered Structures in the Upper Several Hundred Meters of the Moon Along the Chang'E‐4 Rover's First 1,000‐m Traverse
Authors: Feng Jianqing , Siegler Matthew. A. , Su Yan , Ding Chunyu , Giannakis Iraklis
Published: August 2023

We revealed the layered structure of the upper three hundred meters of the lunar surface in the South Pole‐Aitken Basin by using the measurements from the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the Chang'E‐4 rover. The result shows that five large strata are identified by the LPR 60‐MHz channel below the depth of 90 m, with thicknesses ranging from 20 m to larger than 70 m. We speculate that at least three strata are basalt flows, while the shallowest stratum is composed of multiple thin lava flows. The thickness of the strata decreases with the decreasing depth, suggesting a progressively smaller lava effusion rate over time. To evaluate the reliability of the result, a comparison was made between Chang'E‐4, Chang'E‐3, and ground test low‐frequency data. The LPR 500‐MHz channel unveiled the structure of weathered material in the top ∼40 m, revealing several layers as well as a buried paleo crater and its ejecta blanket in the regolith.
Flow Structures With High Lagrangian Coherence Rate Promote Diatom Blooms in Oligotrophic Waters
Authors: Hernández‐Carrasco Ismael , Rossi Vincent , Navarro Gabriel , Turiel Antonio , Bracco Annalisa , Orfila Alejandro
Published: August 2023

Diatoms are among the most efficient autotrophic organisms for oceanic primary production and carbon sequestration. Yet, the spatial distributions of these planktonic organisms remain puzzling and the underlying physical processes poorly known, especially in oligotrophic open waters. Here we investigate what dynamical conditions are conducive to episodic diatom blooms in oceanic deserts based on Lagrangian diagnosis and satellite‐derived phytoplankton functional types and currents. The coherence of the flow is diagnosed in space and time simultaneously through the Lagrangian coherence rate (LCR) to identify which dynamical structures favor diatom growth. Observations evidence that flow structures with high LCR (40 days or longer) in areas with elevated eddy kinetic energy and vorticity sustain high diatom concentrations in the sunlit layers. Our findings show that the integration of Eulerian kinematic variables into a Lagrangian frame reveals new dynamical aspects of geophysical turbulence and unveil their biological impacts.
Spatio‐Temporal Characteristics of IPDP‐Type EMIC Waves on April 19, 2017: Implications for Loss of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Belt
Authors: Hirai Asuka , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Obara Takahiro , Katoh Yuto , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shiokawa Kazuo , Kasaba Yasumasa , Misawa Hiroaki , Jun Chae‐Woo , Kurita Satoshi , Connors Martin G. , Hendry Aaron T. , Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Manweiler Jerry W.
Published: August 2023

To understand the mechanism of the increased frequency of intervals of pulsations of diminishing periods (IPDPs), we analyzed IPDP‐type electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves that occurred on 19 April 2017, using ground and satellite observations. Observations by low‐altitude satellites and ground‐based magnetometers indicate that the increased IPDP frequency is caused by an inward (i.e., Earthward) shift of the EMIC wave source region. The EMIC wave source region moves inward along the mid‐latitude trough, which we used as a proxy for the plasmapause location. A statistical analysis shows that increases in the IPDP frequency showed a positive correlation with polar cap potentials. These results suggest an enhanced convection electric field causes an inward shift of the source region. The inward shift of the source region allows EMIC waves to scatter relativistic electrons over a wide range of radial distances during the IPDP event. This mechanism suggests that IPDP‐type EMIC waves are more likely to scatter relativistic electrons than other EMIC waves. We also show that the decreased phase‐space density of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt is consistent with the extent of the source region and the resonant energy of EMIC waves, implying a possible contribution of EMIC waves to outer radiation belt loss during the main phase of geomagnetic storms.
Propagation and Transformation of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water From the Subpolar Gyre to 26.5°N
Authors: Petit T. , Lozier M. S. , Rühs S. , Handmann P. , Biastoch A.
Published: August 2023

Because new observations have revealed that the Labrador Sea is not the primary source for waters in the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Programme (OSNAP) period, it seems timely to re‐examine the traditional interpretation of pathways and property variability for the AMOC lower limb from the subpolar gyre to 26.5°N. In order to better understand these connections, Lagrangian experiments were conducted within an eddy‐rich ocean model to track upper North Atlantic Deep Water (uNADW), defined by density, between the OSNAP line and 26.5°N as well as within the Labrador Sea. The experiments reveal that 77% of uNADW at 26.5°N is directly advected from the OSNAP West section along the boundary current and interior pathways west of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. More precisely, the Labrador Sea is a main gateway for uNADW sourced from the Irminger Sea, while particles connecting OSNAP East to 26.5°N are exclusively advected from the Iceland Basin and Rockall Trough along the eastern flank of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Although the pathways between OSNAP West and 26.5°N are only associated with a net formation of 1.1 Sv into the uNADW layer, they show large density changes within the layer. Similarly, as the particles transit through the Labrador Sea, they undergo substantial freshening and cooling that contributes to further densification within the uNADW layer.
Evidence of Non‐Thermal Hydrogen in the Exosphere of Mars Resulting in Enhanced Water Loss
Authors: Bhattacharyya D. , Clarke J. T. , Mayyasi M. , Shematovich V. , Bisikalo D. , Chaufray J. Y. , Thiemann E. , Halekas J. , Schmidt C. , Bertaux J. L. , Chaffin M. S. , Schneider N. M.
Published: August 2023

Atomic H is a direct tracer of water loss at Mars. The recent discovery of annual enhancements in its escape rate near perihelion, in excess of the previously established theory, indicates that Mars has lost substantial amounts of water to space. However, these loss rates are often estimated assuming thermal properties for the exospheric H atoms and are therefore a lower limit. Past analyses of spacecraft observations delivered indirect evidence for the existence of an energetic non‐thermal H population without a clear detection. Here, we present the unambiguous observational signature of non‐thermal H at Mars, consistent with solar wind charge exchange as the primary driver for its production. The calculated non‐thermal escape rates are as high as ∼26% of the thermal rate near aphelion and solar minima. An active Sun would increase the present‐day escape rate and a younger energetic Sun likely contributed toward the significant historic loss of water from Mars.
Mapping the Seismicity of Mars With InSight
Authors: Ceylan S. , Giardini D. , Clinton J. F. , Kim D. , Khan A. , Stähler S. C. , Zenhäusern G. , Lognonné P. , Banerdt W. B.
Published: August 2023

The InSight seismometers have recorded more than 1,300 events. Ninety‐eight of these, named the low‐frequency (LF) family, show energy predominantly below 1 Hz down to ∼0.1 Hz. The Marsquake Service identified seismic phases and computed distances for 42 of these marsquakes, 24 of which have backazimuths. Hence, the locations of the majority of LF family events remain undetermined. Here, we use an envelope shape similarity approach to determine event classes and distances, and introduce an alternative method to estimate the backazimuth. In our analysis, we use the highest quality marsquakes with known distances as templates, including the largest event S1222a, and assign new distances to similar group of events for which distance estimates were not previously available. We find the Tharsis region to be more active than initially perceived on the basis of 5 newly located events near Valles Marineris and Olympus Mons. We relocate two marsquakes with little or no S‐wave energy in the NE of the Elysium Bulge. The event epicenters in Cerberus Fossae follow a north‐south trend due to uncertainties in location, while the fault system is in the NW‐SE direction; therefore, these events are re‐projected along the observed fault system based on our interpretations. The marsquakes in our interpreted catalog are predominantly observed in the northern hemisphere of Mars above the equatorial dichotomy boundary.
Structural and Geochronological Constraints on the Collision Between the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar in Central Asia: Implication for Deformation Response and Geodynamic Evolution of Arc‐Arc Collision in 4D
Authors: Hu Wanwan , Li Pengfei , Yuan Chao , Sun Min , Jiang Yingde , Cai Keda , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2023

Arc‐arc collision represents one of crucial geological processes to shape mountain belts on the Earth. The deeply‐eroded Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is characterized by the collision of multiple arc systems and provides a natural laboratory to understand arc‐arc collision in 4D given the exposure of crustal rocks at different levels. Here we focus on the ∼NW‐SE Irtysh fault zone, which represents a major suture zone within the CAOB to bound arc systems of the Chinese Altai and the West/East Junggar in NW China. Our structural work, for the first time, delineates the spatial position of the western segment of the Irtysh Fault between the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar, and demonstrates a phase of brittle strike‐slip deformation with sinistral kinematics in the Permian. An earlier episode of ∼NE‐SW shortening event affected both southern Chinese Altai and northern West Junggar, forming ∼NW‐SE fold structures. Both ∼NE‐SW shortening and sinistral strike‐slip faulting overlap in time with the collision of the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar during the latest Carboniferous to Permian as constrained by new detrital zircon data, thus indicating a transition from orthogonal collision to oblique convergence between the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar. A comparison with ductile deformation at deep structural levels along the eastern segment of the Irtysh Fault between the Chinese Altai and the East Junggar allows for investigation of arc‐arc collision in 4D, which highlights deformation decoupling across different crustal levels, with an intermediate episode of orogen‐parallel flow recorded within deep crustal rocks.
Gut microbial genetic variation modulates host lifespan, sleep, and motor performance
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Simin , Wang Liying , Shi Hao , Wang Han , Fang Ziyi , Hu Yufan , Jin Jiayu , Du Yujie , Deng Mengqiong , Wang Liang , Zhu Zuobin
Published: August 2023

Recent studies have shown that gut microorganisms can modulate host lifespan and activities, including sleep quality and motor performance. However, the role of gut microbial genetic variation in regulating host phenotypes remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the links between gut microbial genetic variation and host phenotypes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster as research models. Our result suggested a novel role for peroxisome-related genes in yeast in regulating host lifespan and activities by modulating gut oxidative stress. Specifically, we found that deficiency in catalase A (CTA1) in yeast reduced both the sleep duration and lifespan of fruit flies significantly. Furthermore, our research also expanded our understanding of the relationship between sleep and longevity. Using a large sample size and excluding individual genetic background differences, we found that lifespan is associated with sleep duration, but not sleep fragmentation or motor performance. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the role of gut microbial genetic variation in regulating host phenotypes and offers potential new avenues for improving health and longevity.
Performance of artificial intelligence for the detection of pathological myopia from colour fundus images: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prashar Jai , Tay Nicole
Published: August 2023

Background

Pathological myopia (PM) is a major cause of worldwide blindness and represents a serious threat to eye health globally. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are gaining traction in ophthalmology as highly sensitive and specific tools for screening and diagnosis of many eye diseases. However, there is currently a lack of high-quality evidence for their use in the diagnosis of PM.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of AI-based tools in PM was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Five electronic databases were searched, results were assessed against the inclusion criteria and a quality assessment was conducted for included studies. Model sensitivity and specificity were pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird (random-effects) model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed.

Results

Of 1021 citations identified, 17 studies were included in the systematic review and 11 studies, evaluating 165,787 eyes, were included in the meta-analysis. The area under the summary receiver operator curve (SROC) was 0.9905. The pooled sensitivity was 95.9% [95.5%-96.2%], and the overall pooled specificity was 96.5% [96.3%-96.6%]. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for detection of PM was 841.26 [418.37–1691.61].

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis provides robust early evidence that AI-based, particularly deep-learning based, diagnostic tools are a highly specific and sensitive modality for the detection of PM. There is potential for such tools to be incorporated into ophthalmic public health screening programmes, particularly in resource-poor areas with a substantial prevalence of high myopia.