bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
If You’re Not With Me You’re . . . ? Examining Prototypes and Cooperation in Leader–Follower Relationships
Authors: Coyle Patrick T. , Foti Roseanne
Published: September 2014

This study investigated how congruence between dyadic partners’ leader and follower prototypes affects leader–member exchange (LMX) quality. Specifically, we examined cooperation as a process variable in the dyadic relationship. Participants in a laboratory setting completed a group task followed by dyadic task in the context of a leader–follower relationship. Observed cooperation mediated the relationship between congruence on leader prototypes and leader assessed LMX quality, and the relationship between congruence on leader prototypes and LMX agreement. As congruence on leader prototypes decreased, leaders were less likely to be cooperative in an exchange relationship. As congruence on follower prototypes decreased, there was a greater chance leaders would cooperate but followers would defect.
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair and coil embolization of the pulmonary artery for primary racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery with a bronchial-pulmonary artery fistula
Authors: Matsubara Yutaka , Morisaki Koichi , Matsuda Daisuke , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Tanaka Shinichi , Okadome Jun , Fukunaga Ryota , Matsumoto Takuya , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: September 2014

A 69-year-old male visited a doctor with dyspnea. A bronchial-pulmonary artery fistula, which is called racemose hemangioma, and dilated pulmonary artery were detected by a computed tomography (CT) scan. The bronchial-pulmonary artery fistula can cause lethal hemoptysis, therefore, we performed thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to seal the bronchial artery and coil embolization of the pulmonary artery. Postoperative CT showed the thrombosed racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery. TEVAR and coil embolization of the pulmonary artery is considered to be a useful treatment option for a racemose hemangioma.
The national incidence of iatrogenic popliteal artery injury during total knee replacement
Authors: Dua Anahita , Zepeda Reyna , Hernanez Francisco C , Igbadumhe Anthony A , Desai Sapan S
Published: September 2014

Introduction

The aim of this study was to characterize national characteristics of patients who have a total knee replacement complicated by popliteal artery injury by incidence and patient demographics.

Methods

All patients with ICD-9 confirmed total knee replacement who had an iatrogenic popliteal artery injury were included from the national in-patient sample from 1998 to 2011. Age, gender and race, procedure type, time to popliteal artery injury, limb outcome, length of stay and hospital inpatient charges were reported.

Results

A total of 1,297,369 patients underwent a total knee replacement of which 43 were complicated by popliteal artery injury (0.003%); 93% had osteoarthritis as their primary diagnosis. The mean age was 61.7 ± 12.3 years. In all, 96% of patients had their popliteal injuries detected intra-operatively or on the day of total knee replacement surgery. The majority of these patients either received stent placement (44%) or peripheral bypass (30%) as their treatment modality for popliteal artery injury. There were no amputations or deaths in this cohort. The median hospital charges for this group were $27,570 (2014 USD).

Conclusion

The national incidence of iatrogenic popliteal artery injury in patients undergoing TKR is 0.003%. There were no amputations in our study population and 96% of patients had their injury detected intra-operative or immediately post-operatively.
Use of ultra-low-dose (≤6 mg) doxepin for treatment of insomnia in older people
Authors: Rojas-Fernandez Carlos H. , Chen Yannan
Published: September 2014

Background:

Insomnia is one of the most frequent complaints encountered in primary care practice, one that results in significant clinical consequences and cost burden to the public health system. It is more common in elderly adults (≥65 years of age), with frequent complaints regarding sleep maintenance and early morning wakening. Current treatment options have limitations. This review was conducted to evaluate the evidence behind ultra-low-dose doxepin in insomnia and to discuss its potential advantages, its place in therapy and its implications in practice in the treatment of older patients.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted of MEDLINE via Ovid, PubMed and EMBASE using the MeSH and key terms “doxepin,” “sleep initiation and maintenance disorders,” “insomnia,” and “low dose.” Only randomized controlled trials comparing 3 mg and/or 6 mg of doxepin to placebo and involving participants diagnosed with primary insomnia were included. Primary outcomes for this review were objective sleep study parameters.

Results:

Five studies were identified, 3 of which ( n = 571) were conducted in older adults. Doxepin 3 mg and 6 mg significantly reduced waking after sleep onset and increased total sleep time. There was no significant difference between the 2 doses of doxepin. Latency to persistent sleep did not differ significantly compared with placebo for any doses of doxepin. The most frequent adverse events reported were somnolence and headache. Adverse events did not appear to be dose-related, and studies reported the incidence of adverse effects to be comparable to placebo.

Conclusion:

Doxepin 3 mg and 6 mg significantly improved and sustained sleep maintenance and sleep duration into the last third of the night but did not significantly affect sleep onset. Sleep benefits were achieved without next-day residual or discontinuation effects. Doxepin appears to be well suited for managing insomnia in older people.
Effect of melting in natural convective boundary layer flow over a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian nanofluid
Authors: Kumari Mahesh , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy
Published: September 2014

A boundary layer analysis is presented for the warm, laminar nanoliquid flow to a melting vertical plate surface in a moving non-Newtonian nanoliquid. We consider the natural convection boundary layer regime. Using the appropriate variables, the basic equations are transformed to non-similar form. These equations are solved numerically, employing the implicit finite difference method together with Keller box scheme. The rates of heat and mass transfer and the surface shear stress are presented graphically for parametric variations in the melting parameter M, buoyancy ratio parameter Nr, Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt, Lewis number Le and the power law exponent n.
Music Scenes, Space and the Body
Authors: Driver Christopher , Bennett Andy
Published: September 2014

The concept of scene is now a primary conceptual framework for studying the production and consumption of popular music. In a formative essay, Straw (1991) offered the important observation that scene could be theorized as both a local and trans-local phenomenon. Peterson and Bennett (2004) have added a new dimension to this conceptualization of music scenes through positing virtuality as a further medium for scene involvement. Missing from each element of this tripartite model of scene – local, trans-local, and virtual – is any consideration of how music scenes are enacted through the process of embodiment. In this article, we argue that embodiment is critically important for how music scenes are constructed, enacted and maintained by participants. The corporeal element of scene introduced through its embodiment by social actors, we argue, is key to our understanding of the music scene as an anchoring place within everyday urban, regional and, increasingly, rural landscapes.
Social Spaces of Music: Introduction
Authors: Crossley Nick , Bottero Wendy
Published: September 2014

This paper introduces a special issue of Cultural Sociology focused upon ‘music worlds’, ‘music scenes’, ‘music fields’ and musically focused ‘networks’ – the expression in the title, ‘social spaces of music’, is intended as a neutral means of capturing the (shared) focus of these different concepts. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the various ways in which such spaces have been conceptualized through the history of sociology, affording specific attention to the concept of subculture, before introducing the four key concepts referred to above. Discussion then turns to a number of key ideas and themes which these conceptions share, before introducing the other papers in the special issue.
Legitimating Local Music: Volksmuziek, Hip-Hop/Rap and Dance Music in Dutch Elite Newspapers
Authors: Koreman Rian
Published: September 2014

This study examines the legitimation of local music. Critics from peripheral countries such as the Netherlands tend to focus on foreign music products. However, the rising popularity among ‘omnivorous’ audiences and increased production of Dutch music, together with the competition in the Dutch media landscape for readers, might lead Dutch elite newspapers to increase their coverage of local music. These media are cultural intermediaries who signal the legitimation of music. Local genres thus might succeed in establishing themselves, but little is known about this process. This research therefore studies – through a quantitative and qualitative content analysis – the legitimation of three, traditionally illegitimate, genres: volksmuziek, dance and hip-hop/rap music. The findings suggest that the latter two genres indeed gain legitimacy. Genres are classified by the criteria of authenticity and originality. When products fail to meet these criteria, the media attention is legitimized by their popularity, instead of their artistic value.
Vaccine-preventable disease susceptibility in a British paediatric assessment unit
Authors: Allen Luke , Vickerstaff Helen , Collinson Andrew
Published: September 2014

Aims: To evaluate practice within a paediatric secondary-care centre before and after introduction of simple interventions to improve identification of under-immunised children and facilitate catch-up immunisations. Methods: The population-based child health database was used to check immunisation status for two cohorts of 200 consecutive admissions before and after routine printing of immunisation histories from the database and raising staff awareness. Vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) susceptibility burdens were calculated for each child. Case notes were assessed for accuracy and documentation of ward-based interventions. Results: Fourteen per cent of all children were under-immunised on admission and 27% of these were more than five years behind schedule. Under-immunised children’s VPD susceptibility burdens ranged from 0–40,858 days and in 59% exceeded 1,000 days. Over one month the paediatric admission unit saw children with a combined VPD susceptibility burden of 1,323 child-years. Positive identification of under-immunised children increased by 40% (95% confidence interval: 12–62, p=0.002) following the introduction of routine database printouts. Conclusion: Children presenting to British secondary care units have large VPD susceptibility burdens. Positive identification of under-immunised children substantially improved after the introduction of routine database printouts, but catch-up immunisation rates did not increase.
Qualitative systematic reviews: their importance for our understanding of research relevant to pain
Authors: Seers Kate
Published: September 2014

This article outlines what a qualitative systematic review is and explores what it can contribute to our understanding of pain. Many of us use evidence of effectiveness for various interventions when working with people in pain. A good systematic review can be invaluable in bringing together research evidence to help inform our practice and help us understand what works. In addition to evidence of effectiveness, understanding how people with pain experience both their pain and their care can help us when we are working with them to provide care that meets their needs. A rigorous qualitative systematic review can also uncover new understandings, often helping illuminate ‘why’ and can help build theory. Such a review can answer the question ‘What is it like to have chronic pain?’ This article presents the different stages of meta-ethnography, which is the most common methodology used for qualitative systematic reviews. It presents evidence from four meta-ethnographies relevant to pain to illustrate the types of findings that can emerge from this approach. It shows how new understandings may emerge and gives an example of chronic musculoskeletal pain being experienced as ‘an adversarial struggle’ across many aspects of the person’s life. This article concludes that evidence from qualitative systematic reviews has its place alongside or integrated with evidence from more quantitative approaches.
Evaluation of a free amino acid–based formula in infants with presumptive food protein–induced proctocolitis
Authors: Borschel Marlene W , Antonson Dean L , Murray Nancy D , Oliva-Hemker Maria , Mattis Lynn E , Baggs Geraldine E
Published: September 2014

Objective:

Food protein–induced proctocolitis usually occurs early in life and is characterized by blood-streaked stools and pain during defecation in an otherwise healthy infant. While many infants with food protein–induced proctocolitis respond well to a casein hydrolysate formula, some require an amino acid–based formula. The objective of the study was to measure the change in physician-rated symptom score from enrollment to study completion in infants with presumptive food protein–induced proctocolitis fed with a specific amino acid-based formula.

Methods:

In this study, infants ≤6 months of age diagnosed with presumptive food protein–induced proctocolitis received an amino acid-based formula for 42 days. Intake, stool patterns, weight, stool occult blood, and questionnaires assessing infant feeding and stool patterns and parental formula satisfaction were collected.

Results:

The full analysis set included 43 infants. The mean age at enrollment was 59 ± 5 days. A significant improvement was observed from enrollment to exit in physician-rated symptom score (9.1 ± 0.5 to 4.8 ± 0.5, p < 0.0001), the number of infants with occult blood in stool, and weight-for-age Z-scores during the study. Parental satisfaction with the formula was high.

Conclusion:

The results confirm that the amino acid-based formula studied is efficacious for managing symptoms of presumptive food protein–induced proctocolitis.
A Needs Analysis Approach to the Evaluation of Iranian Third-Grade High School English Textbook
Authors: Rashidi Nasser , Kehtarfard Roghaye
Published: September 2014

Needs analysis as an integral part of evaluative review of English materials, mainly textbooks, requires giving sufficient attention in all English language learning contexts. This issue seems to be more demanding in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts where the textbooks are the main sources of input for the learners. However, in some cases, this important factor is excluded entirely or at least limited to the ideas of major stakeholders. This article reports on the findings of a study conducted to evaluate an English textbook (the third-grade high school English book), which is being used in all state high schools in Iran by using a needs analysis framework. First, the needs analysis questionnaires were administered among 180 third-grade female high school students for whom the textbook was designed. Having investigated the students’ perceived foreign language needs, the researcher then used it as the basis for evaluating the textbook. The results of the textbook evaluation revealed that although all language skills and components were almost important for the majority of the students, the textbook could not fully support all of them together. Finally, it was suggested that the textbook be revised or at least supplemented by other instructional materials, so that it could be more effective for the aforementioned learners.
Assessing the Value of the OpenOrbiter Program’s Research Experience for Undergraduates
Authors: Straub Jeremy , Whalen David , Marsh Ronald
Published: September 2014

This article presents an assessment of the benefits gained by undergraduate students who participated in the OpenOrbiter Small Spacecraft Development Initiative. It provides an overview of the program and its learning objectives, as they apply to undergraduate students. It compares the learning impact between students who participated and those who assumed leadership roles. Qualitative assessment with regard to benefits is also discussed. The article extrapolates from these results to identify program elements that were particularly instrumental in delivering the positive benefits discussed. Finally, future work is discussed.
Case Study of a School-Based Universal Dating Violence Prevention Program
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Avery-Leaf Sarah
Published: September 2014

Evaluation of universal dating violence prevention programs has rapidly expanded in the past two decades. Many programs demonstrate change in attitudes supportive of dating violence, and a few show evidence of behavior change; however, detailed analysis of process and fidelity of program implementation is generally neglected. An important goal of prevention research is to identify successful initiatives that can be replicated and disseminated in the field. The purpose of the current case study is to document the implementation process of a middle school–based dating violence prevention curriculum in economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. Particular attention is given to the school context, such as the process of school and teacher recruitment, the program model, and classroom implementation of the dating violence prevention program in four areas: teacher training, student outcomes, program fidelity, and student engagement. Nine health and physical education teachers from six urban middle schools participated. Results describe effective strategies to secure school participation and engagement, and provide evidence regarding methods to train health and physical education teachers in low-income, urban neighborhoods. Furthermore, classroom observations demonstrate that teachers successfully implemented the five-lesson curriculum, which resulted in positive student outcomes to prevent dating violence. This case study represents an important step in deepening our understanding of the mechanisms of program delivery.
Histological Evaluation of Regenerated Semitendinosus Tendon a Minimum of 6 Years After Harvest for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Åhlén Martina , Lidén Mattias , Movin Tomas , Papadogiannakis Nikos , Rostgård-Christensen Lars , Kartus Jüri
Published: September 2014

Background:

Semitendinosus (ST) and/or gracilis (G) autografts are the most used grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. The tendons have been shown to be able to regenerate but with focal areas of scar tissue in the short term. There are no long-term histological studies of the regenerated tendons.

Hypothesis:

In the long term, the regenerated ST tendon normalizes and has a similar histology as the contralateral nonharvested tendon.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Eighteen patients (8 female, 10 male) who underwent ACL surgery using ipsilateral ST/G tendon autografts were included in this study. Percutaneous specimens were obtained from the regenerated ST tendon and the contralateral nonharvested ST tendon under ultrasonographic guidance at a median of 8.4 years (100.5 months; range, 77-129 months) after the harvest procedure. Specimens from the nonoperated side served as controls. The histology and presence of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were assessed using a light microscope and a semiquantitative grading system.

Results:

Thirty-six biopsies were obtained (2 biopsies from each patient). In 5 biopsies, the amount of tissue was too small to analyze in the light microscope, and 1 patient had been operated on bilaterally and was therefore excluded. In total, 24 biopsies were included in the histological analysis. In overall terms, there were no significant differences between the regenerated and nonharvested ST tendon in terms of fiber structure, cellularity, vascularity, and level of GAGs a minimum 6 years after harvest of the ST tendon. However, 3 of the regenerated tendons displayed a loss of fiber structure.

Conclusion:

The ST tendon regenerates and may regain a histological appearance similar to that of the nonharvested contralateral tendon, as seen in this study a median of 8.4 years after harvesting. However, in some tendons, loss of fiber structure was found.
Impact of Patient Sex on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Teitsma Xavier M. , van der Hoeven Henk , Tamminga Rob , de Bie Rob A.
Published: September 2014

Background:

The Combined Quality Care Anterior Cruciate Ligament registry provides data for clinical research regarding primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

Purpose:

To explore the data with regard to the clinical outcomes between sexes after ACL reconstruction in a Dutch population.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data involving patients diagnosed with an ACL tear and eligible for surgery were recorded. Isokinetic muscle strength, functional muscle performance, and anterior-posterior translation of the knee joint were documented preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Patients completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm, and Tegner rating scales during each examination using a web-based questionnaire.

Results:

Approximately 90% of ACL injuries occurred during sport activities. The mean (SD) age at surgery was 28 (11) years for both men and women, and the majority of patients were treated with hamstring tendon autografts (94%). Four percent received bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts, and 2% of the patients received other grafts. Preoperatively, the KOOS, Lysholm, and Tegner scores were significantly higher in males. Twelve months postoperatively, both sexes showed comparable isokinetic strength ( P = .336), knee laxity ( P = .680), and hop test for distance ( P = .122) when comparing the injured with the uninjured side. Self-reported knee function was comparable between sexes as assessed by the KOOS ( P = .202), Lysholm ( P = .872), and Tegner ( P = .767) questionnaires during the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

One year after ACL surgery, all patients had improved greatly, showing only minor differences between sexes. The male group showed slightly better results when evaluating self-reported knee questionnaires. Comparable outcomes and knee function between sexes can therefore be presumed with patients who are treated with hamstring tendon autografts in a Dutch population.

Clinical Relevance:

These results can be used during the clinical evaluation of patients who are eligible for ACL reconstruction.
Assessing Cultural Awareness of Practicing Cardiac Sonographers
Authors: Anitori Eugene
Published: September 2014

Cultural awareness is an emerging issue in the field of sonography. A cross-sectional study of cultural awareness was conducted in the northeastern United States through a professional echocardiography society. Of the 101 sonographer members, 67 (66%) participated in the survey, which addressed the following questions: What is the level of cultural awareness of the cardiac sonography membership of a suburban northeastern United States professional echocardiography society, and how does this relate to the number of years that the respective sonographers have been practicing in the field of echocardiography? Results of the study showed no significant relationship between cultural awareness and the total number of years of scanning experience, suggesting that cardiac sonographers did not gain cultural awareness because of the transcultural experiences they encountered.
EUS assisted transmural cholecystogastrostomy fistula creation as a bridge for endoscopic internal gallbladder therapy using a novel fully covered metal stent
Authors: Ge Nan , Wang Zhiguo , Sun Siyu , Wang Sheng , Wang Guoxin , Sun Shiwei , Feng Linlin , Yang Fei , Ma Wenzhuang , Wang Shupeng , Liu Xiang , Guo Jintao , Liu Wen
Published: September 2014

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the “gold standard” for treating symptomatic gallstones. Innovative methods, such as a scarless therapeutic procedure through a natural orifice are being introduced, and include transgastric or transcolonic endoscopic cholecystectomy. However, before clinical implementation, instruments still need modification, and a more convenient treatment is still needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic internal gallbladder therapy such as cholecystolithotomy in an animal survival model.

Methods

Four pigs underwent endoscopic-ultrasound (EUS)-guided cholecystogastrostomy and the placement of a novel covered mental stent. Four weeks later the stents were removed and an endoscope was advanced into the gallbladder via the fistula, and cholecystolithotomy was performed. Two weeks later the pigs were sacrificed, and the healing of the fistulas was assessed.

Results

EUS-guided cholecystogastrostomy with mental stent deployment was successfully performed in all the animals. Four weeks after the procedure, the fistulas had formed and all the stents were removed. Endoscopic cholecystolithotomy was performed through each fistula. All the animals survived until they were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The fistulas were found to be completely healed.

Conclusions

This study reports the first endoscopic transmural cholecystolithotomy after placement of a novel mental stent in an animal survival model.
Optimization of the dye-sensitized solar cell performance by mechanical compression
Authors: Meen Teen Hang , Tsai Jenn Kai , Tu Yu Shin , Wu Tian Chiuan , Hsu Wen Dung , Chang Shoou-Jinn
Published: September 2014

In this study, the P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle (NP) thin film was coated on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by a doctor blade method. The film then compressed mechanically to be the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Various compression pressures on TiO2 NP film were tested to optimize the performance of DSSCs. The mechanical compression reduces TiO2 inter-particle distance improving the electron transport efficiency. The UV–vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to quantify the light-harvesting efficiency and the charge transport impedance at various interfaces in DSSC, respectively. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency was also monitored. The results show that when the DSSC fabricated by the TiO2 NP thin film compressed at pressure of 279 kg/cm2, the minimum resistance of 9.38 Ω at dye/TiO2 NP/electrolyte interfaces, the maximum short-circuit photocurrent density of 15.11 mA/cm2, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.94% were observed. Compared to the DSSC fabricated by the non-compression of TiO2 NP thin film, the overall conversion efficiency is improved over 19.5%. The study proves that under suitable compression pressure the performance of DSSC can be optimized.
Detecting acute distress and risk of future psychological morbidity in critically ill patients: validation of the intensive care psychological assessment tool
Authors: Wade Dorothy M , Hankins Matthew , Smyth Deborah A , Rhone Elijah E , Mythen Michael G , Howell David CJ , Weinman John A
Published: September 2014

Introduction

The psychological impact of critical illness on a patient can be severe, and frequently results in acute distress as well as psychological morbidity after leaving hospital. A UK guideline states that patients should be assessed in critical care units, both for acute distress and risk of future psychological morbidity; but no suitable method for carrying out this assessment exists. The Intensive care psychological assessment tool (IPAT) was developed as a simple, quick screening tool to be used routinely to detect acute distress, and the risk of future psychological morbidity, in critical care units.

Methods

A validation study of IPAT was conducted in the critical care unit of a London hospital. Once un-sedated, orientated and alert, critical care patients were assessed with the IPAT and validated tools for distress, to determine the IPAT’s concurrent validity. Fifty six patients took IPAT again to establish test-retest reliability. Finally, patients completed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety questionnaires at three months, to determine predictive validity of the IPAT.

Results

One hundred and sixty six patients completed the IPAT, and 106 completed follow-up questionnaires at 3 months. Scale analysis showed IPAT was a reliable 10-item measure of critical care-related psychological distress. Test-retest reliability was good (r =0.8). There was good concurrent validity with measures of anxiety and depression (r =0.7, P <0.01; r =0.6, P <0.01). With a cut-point of ≥7, the IPAT had 82% sensitivity and 65% specificity to detect concurrent anxiety; and 80% sensitivity and 66% specificity to detect concurrent low mood (area under the curve (AUC) =0.8 for both). Predictive validity for psychological morbidity was good (r =0.4, P <0.01; r =0.64, P <0.01 for PTSD with days 1 and 2 data). The IPAT had 69% specificity and 57% sensitivity to predict future psychological morbidity (AUC =0.7).

Conclusions

The IPAT was found to have good reliability and validity. Sensitivity and specificity analysis suggest the IPAT could provide a way of allowing staff to assess psychological distress among critical care patients after further replication and validation. Further work is also needed to determine its utility in predicting future psychological morbidity.
Subtype-specific overexpression of the Rac-GEF P-REX1 in breast cancer is associated with promoter hypomethylation
Authors: Barrio-Real Laura , Benedetti Lorena G , Engel Nora , Tu Yaping , Cho Soonweng , Sukumar Saraswati , Kazanietz Marcelo G
Published: September 2014

Introduction

The Rac-GEF P-REX1 is a key mediator of ErbB signaling in breast cancer recently implicated in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic dissemination. Although P-REX1 is essentially undetectable in normal human mammary epithelial tissue, this Rac-GEF is markedly upregulated in human breast carcinomas, particularly of the luminal subtype. The mechanisms underlying P-REX1 upregulation in breast cancer are unknown. Toward the goal of dissecting the mechanistic basis of P-REX1 overexpression in breast cancer, in this study we focused on the analysis of methylation of the PREX1 gene promoter.

Methods

To determine the methylation status of the PREX1 promoter region, we used bisulfite genomic sequencing and pyrosequencing approaches. Re-expression studies in cell lines were carried out by treatment of breast cancer cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine. PREX1 gene methylation in different human breast cancer subtypes was analyzed from the TCGA database.

Results

We found that the human PREX1 gene promoter has a CpG island located between -1.2 kb and +1.4 kb, and that DNA methylation in this region inversely correlates with P-REX1 expression in human breast cancer cell lines. A comprehensive analysis of human breast cancer cell lines and tumors revealed significant hypomethylation of the PREX1 promoter in ER-positive, luminal subtype, whereas hypermethylation occurs in basal-like breast cancer. Treatment of normal MCF-10A or basal-like cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A restores P-REX1 levels to those observed in luminal breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that aberrant expression of P-REX1 in luminal breast cancer is a consequence of PREX1 promoter demethylation. Unlike PREX1, the pro-metastatic Rho/Rac-GEF, VAV3, is not regulated by methylation. Notably, PREX1 gene promoter hypomethylation is a prognostic marker of poor patient survival.

Conclusions

Our study identified for the first time gene promoter hypomethylation as a distinctive subtype-specific mechanism for controlling the expression of a key regulator of Rac-mediated motility and metastasis in breast cancer.
Integrin-mediated resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy: an inflammatory situation
Authors: Brown Wells S , Wendt Michael K
Published: September 2014

Targeting the function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has failed as an effective clinical option for breast cancer. Understanding the drivers of inherent resistance has been a challenge. One possible mechanism is the acquisition of stem-like properties through the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A recent study by Seguin and colleagues adds to our understanding of this process by demonstrating a functional role for unligated αvβ3 integrin in mediating a stem-like phenotype and facilitating resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy via enhanced downstream coupling to a KRAS:RalB:NF-κB pathway. Importantly, the identified mechanism may reveal a possible strategy for sensitizing breast cancer cells to EGFR-targeted therapies.
Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Jiang Xiaofang , Peery Ashley , Hall A Brantley , Sharma Atashi , Chen Xiao-Guang , Waterhouse Robert M , Komissarov Aleksey , Riehle Michelle M , Shouche Yogesh , Sharakhova Maria V , Lawson Dan , Pakpour Nazzy , Arensburger Peter , Davidson Victoria L M , Eiglmeier Karin , Emrich Scott , George Phillip , Kennedy Ryan C , Mane Shrinivasrao P , Maslen Gareth , Oringanje Chioma , Qi Yumin , Settlage Robert , Tojo Marta , Tubio Jose M C , Unger Maria F , Wang Bo , Vernick Kenneth D , Ribeiro Jose M C , James Anthony A , Michel Kristin , Riehle Michael A , Luckhart Shirley , Sharakhov Igor V , Tu Zhijian
Published: September 2014

Background

Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.

Results

Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.

Conclusions

The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions.
CXCL13 predicts disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritis and could be an indicator of the therapeutic `window of opportunity'
Authors: Greisen Stinne Ravn , Schelde Karen Kræmmer , Rasmussen Tue Kruse , Kragstrup Tue Wenzel , Stengaard-Pedersen Kristian , Hetland Merete Lund , Hørslev-Petersen Kim , Junker Peter , Østergaard Mikkel , Deleuran Bent , Hvid Malene
Published: September 2014

Introduction

A key phenomenon in rheumatoid arthritis is the formation of lymphoid follicles in the inflamed synovial membrane. C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) is central in this process as it attracts C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)-expressing B cells and T follicular helper cells to the follicle. We here examine the role of CXCL13 and its association with disease in patients with treatment-naïve early rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

Plasma samples from patients in the OPERA trial were examined for CXCL13 at treatment initiation and after 6 months of treatment with either methotrexate plus placebo (DMARD) (n = 37) or methotrexate plus adalimumab (DMARD + ADA) (n = 39). Treatment outcome was evaluated after 1 and 2 years. CXCL13 plasma levels in healthy volunteers (n = 38) were also examined.

Results

Baseline CXCL13 plasma levels were increased in early rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy volunteers. Also, plasma CXCL13 correlated positively with disease activity parameters; swollen joint count 28 (rho = 0.34) and 40 (rho = 0.39), visual analog score (rho = 0.38) and simplified disease activity index (rho = 0.25) (all P <0.05). CXCL13 levels decreased a significantly twofold more in the DMARD + ADA group than in the DMARD group. Baseline CXCL13 plasma levels in the DMARD group correlated inversely with disease activity parameters; disease activity score in 28 joints, four variables, C-reactive protein based (DAS28CRP) (rho = 0.58, P <0.05) at 12 months. High baseline CXCL13 was associated with remission (DAS28CRP less than 2.6) after 2 years.

Conclusions

In treatment-naïve early rheumatoid arthritis patients, plasma CXCL13 levels were associated with joint inflammation. Furthermore, patients with high baseline plasma CXCL13 levels had an improved chance of remission after 2 years. We propose that high CXCL13 concentrations indicate recent onset of inflammation that may respond better to early aggressive treatment. Thus, high levels of CXCL13 could reflect the `the window of opportunity' for optimal treatment effect.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrial.gov NCT00660647. Registered 10 April 2008
On the prescribed variable exponent mean curvature impulsive system boundary value problems
Authors: Yin Li , Liu Xiaopin , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Qihu
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates the existence of solutions for prescribed variable exponent mean curvature impulsive system, with periodic-like, Dirichlet, and Neumann boundary value conditions, respectively. The proof of our main result is based upon the Leray-Schauder degree. The sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions are given.

MSC: 34B37, 34B15.
Characterization of abnZ2 (yxiA1) and abnZ3 (yxiA3) in Paenibacillus polymyxa, encoding two novel endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanases
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Yang Ying , Zhang Jian , Sun Jiaqi , Matsukawa Shingo , Xie Jingli , Wei Dongzhi
Published: September 2014

Background

Protopectinases which were consisted of various different enzymes can promote the solubilization of protopectin from the plant cell and can be applied in the protein industry extraction. The genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa Z6 that produces a protopectinases complex was partially determined. Two new genes, yxiA1 and yxiA3, were identified as uncharacterized protein in the P. polymyxa genome. And, they were classified as the member of the glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) according to the primary protein sequence.

Results

The two genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). And, the results indicated that the product of yxiA1 and yxiA3 were two endo-α-1,5-l-arabinanases. Thus, the two genes were renamed as abnZ2 (yxiA1) and abnZ3 (yxiA3). Recombinant AbnZ2 had optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 35°C. And, AbnZ3 had optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 30°C. However, unlike most reported endo-arabinanases, the specific activity of AbnZ3 remained 48.7% of maximum at 5°C, which meant AbnZ3 was an excellent cold-adapted enzyme.

Conclusions

This paper demonstrated that the gene yxiA1 and yxiA3 were two new endo-arabinanases, and renamed as abnZ2 and abnZ3. Moreover AbnZ3 was an excellent cold-adapted enzyme which could be attractive in fruit juice processing.
High-throughput system for screening of Monascus purpureus high-yield strain in pigment production
Authors: Tan Jun , Chu Ju , Wang Yonghong , Zhuang Yingping , Zhang Siliang
Published: September 2014

Background

An economical and integrated high-throughput primary screening strategy was developed for high-aerobic microbe Monascus purpureus cultivation. A novel and effective mixture culture method was proposed and used to realize the whole mutant library being high-throughput screened after mutagenesis.

Results

The good correlation of fermentation results between differing-scale cultivations confirmed the feasibility of utilizing the 48-deep microtiter plates (MTPs) as a scale-down tool for culturing high-aerobic microbes. In addition, the fluid dynamics of 24-, 48-, and 96-deep MTPs and 500-mL shake flask were studied respectively using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tool ANSYS CFX 11.0 to get better understanding of their turbulent regimes.

Conclusions

The by-product citrinin production had no significant change while the pigment production had improved. As a result, the high-yield strain T33-6 was successfully screened out and the pigment was more than 50% higher than that of the parental strain in the shake flask.
Estimating VP/VS ratios using smooth dynamic image warping
Authors: Compton Stefan , Hale Dave
Published: September 2014

Multicomponent seismic images are composed of different combinations of downgoing and upgoing wavefields. Each wave mode has different propagation velocity and polarization direction and thus carries unique, direction-dependent information about the subsurface. Differences in propagation velocity cause events in converted-wave or PS images to appear at later times than the P-wave or PP image counterparts. Reflectivities are different for each wave mode, and therefore, multicomponent images are not related simply by time shifts. These complications historically required that the alignment, also called registration, of corresponding image features be done manually, which is a tedious process. To register PP and PS images automatically, we used a smooth dynamic image-warping algorithm that can be accurate with respect to problems unrelated to time shifts, such as differences in noise and reflection waveforms. Interval [Formula: see text] ratios can be estimated from derivatives of vertical shifts that align reflections in PP and PS images. To optimize accuracy of estimated time shifts and [Formula: see text] ratios, we automatically constructed a coarse lattice of points located on reflections with high amplitudes and then estimated time shifts at only those image samples. By adjusting the coarseness of the lattice, we trade off resolution of changes in [Formula: see text] with increased accuracy in [Formula: see text] estimates. By processing 3D PP and PS images, we learned that our estimates of [Formula: see text] cannot be obtained by smoothing time shifts estimated at every image sample.
Electrochemical spectral induced polarization modeling of artificial sulfide-sand mixtures
Authors: Placencia-Gómez Edmundo , Slater Lee D.
Published: September 2014

We examined the sensitivity of the electrochemical spectral induced polarization (SIP) model developed by Wong to the oxidation extent of pyrite and pyrrhotite minerals disseminated in silica sand. The sensitivity of this model to the oxidation of sulfide minerals was mainly related to the model parameters defining the ratio of the active to the inactive passive ions [Formula: see text] dissolved in the pore water, and the variation of the current reaction parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The increase in these parameters as well as in the associated exchange current densities, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was consistent with an increase in the activation of the charge transfer at the metal-electrolyte interface, resulting in the decrease in polarization of such an interface, which was reflected by a decrease in the SIP phase response as previously argued by Wong. Under this premise, the model described fairly well measurements below 500 Hz from a laboratory experiment, being consistent with the depletion of the SIP phase response associated with the oxidation degree promoted on the disseminate sulfides analyzed here. This suggested that electrochemical modeling of SIP measurements can provide information to assess the oxidation state of sulfides and also to infer the formation of passivating layers coating the metal minerals during oxidation-dissolution processes. Our results suggested a possible alternative for the monitoring of mine waste deposits producing acid mine drainage and the stability of sequestered harmful metals during remedial treatments by means of the SIP method.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide Versus Retinoic Acid and Chemotherapy in Patients With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Mandelli Franco , Avvisati Giuseppe , Cottone Francesco , Ferrara Felicetto , Di Bona Eros , Specchia Giorgina , Breccia Massimo , Levis Alessandro , Sica Simona , Finizio Olimpia , Kropp Maria Grazia , Fioritoni Giuseppe , Cerqui Elisa , Vignetti Marco , Amadori Sergio , Schlenk Richard F. , Platzbecker Uwe , Lo-Coco Francesco
Published: September 2014

Purpose

A randomized clinical trial compared efficacy and toxicity of standard all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) plus chemotherapy versus ATRA plus arsenic trioxide in patients with newly diagnosed, low- or intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Here, we report health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) results.

Patients and Methods

HRQOL was a secondary end point of this trial. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Core 30 was used to assess HRQOL at end of induction and after consolidation therapy. All analyses were based on 156 patients who received at least one dose of treatment, with groups defined according to randomly assigned treatment. Primary analysis was performed, estimating mean HRQOL score over time and differences between treatment arms using a linear mixed model.

Results

Overall, 162 patients age 18 to 70 years were enrolled. Of these, 150 and 142 patients were evaluable for HRQOL after induction therapy and third consolidation course, respectively. Overall compliance with HRQOL forms was 80.1%. The largest difference, favoring patients treated with ATRA plus arsenic trioxide, was found for fatigue severity (mean score difference, −9.3; 95% CI, −17.8 to −0.7; P = .034) at end of induction therapy. This difference was also clinically relevant. HRQOL differences between treatment arms at end of consolidation showed that for several scales, differences between treatment arms were marginal.

Conclusion

Overall, current HRQOL findings further support the use of ATRA plus arsenic trioxide as preferred first-line treatment in patients with low- or intermediate-risk APL.