bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-justificationism and the Negativist Legend about Karl Popper’s Philosophy
Authors: Sepetyi Dmytro
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the meaning of non-justificationism as an important part of Karl Popper’s philosophy of critical rationalism and William Bartley’s philosophy of pancritical rationalism. Сonstruals and attempted developments of critical rationalism by David Miller and Alan Musgrave are analysed and critically evaluated. The case is made that Miller’s rejection of the relevance of reasons for rationality runs counter to Popper’s view and is not supported by Popper’s and Bartley’s non-justificationist arguments. Besides, it is untenable because rationality cannot be reduced to the validity of arguments plus truth-value attributing «decisions» but essentially involves weighing up reasons for and against available options. With respect to Musgrave’s construal of non-justificationism and critical rationalism as the view that believing a proposition is rational if the proposition best survives critical scrutiny, it is argued that it is vulnerable to the problem of the infinite regress of criticizers (positions with which the scrutiny is to be carried out). The case is made that Popper’s-Bartley’s non-justificationism is to be understood as the identification of rationality with the openness to critical discussion in the search for truth and the claim that such discussion does not require ultimate unrevisable foundations, although it necessarily involves positions that are accepted for the purposes of the argument at hand without being provided with justification. In the perspective of critical rationalism, such positions play the role similar to that of «immediate knowledge» of classical rationalism and empiricism; however, unlike the latter, they are considered as fallible, open to examination, and revisable.
Ключовий дієвець історії
Authors: Mishalova Olena
Published: February 2021

Анотація: Стаття присвячена огляду основних позицій стосовно проблеми ключового дієвця історії. Можна вирізнити дві позиції: уявлення про аперсоналізованого творця історії та уявлення про персоналізованого дієвця історії. Для першої групи характерно вбачати головного творця історії у певних надприродних сутностях, котру людина не може сприймати безпосередньо за допомогою органів чуття або розумом, однак він або вона здатні спостерігати їхній вплив на хід історії. Наприклад, це може бути: Бог у авраамічних релігійних традиціях (іудаїзм, християнство, іслам); доля та боги у давніх греків і римлян; абсолютний дух у філософії Георга Гегеля. До другої позиції відносяться уявлення про персоналізованого дієвця історії: видатної історичної особистості (політик, правитель, релігійний пророк, герой, харизматичний лідер, пасіонарній, ніцшеанська надлюдина, поет або художник), соціальної групи (соціальний клас, суспільна страта правляча еліта, аристократія, творча меншість, технічна інтелігенція, «нова» інтелігенція постіндустріального суспільства, технократи, соціальні рухи), великих колективних спільнот (народу, нації, раси, етносу, культури та/або цивілізації, культурно-історичні типи, натовпу та мас, людство у цілому). Автор показує, що усі розглянуті позиції єднає спільна думка, що людське минуле є результатом системної діяльності багатьох дієвців історії, однак домінуюча прогресивна роль, як правило, віддається лише одному із них. У статті також вводиться нове поняття «дієвець історії» для позначення видатної історичної особистості (соціальної групи чи великої колективної спільноти), котра своїми діями або бездіяльністю творить історію.
Наративний підхід до проблеми ідентичності особистості в аналітичній філософії
Authors: Olifer Olena
Published: February 2021

Анотація. У статті розглянуто наративний підхід до проблеми ідентичності особистості в аналітичній філософії. Зазначено, що наративний підхід розвивається разом з нормативним на противагу онтологічному погляду на ідентичність. У статті визнається, що нормативний та наративний підходи схожі між собою, оскільки вони обидва розглядають ідентичність особистості як категорію, що ґрунтується на цінностях. Крім того, вони обидва розглядають особистість як суб’єкта діяльності, який усвідомлює свої дії. Проте наративний підхід відрізняється від нормативного. Наративний підхід поглиблює розуміння особистості як суб’єкта діяльності, додаючи, що особистість не лише усвідомлює свої вчинки і може приписати їх собі, але й визначає себе як суб’єкта діяльності. Увесь досвід, набутий особистістю, об’єднується в єдину послідовність подій – у наратив. Отже, він не тільки автобіографічна історія, але й спосіб буття особистості у часі. У статті розкрито такі основні риси наративу: правдоподібність, телеологічність, тематичний зв’язок між подіями, гнучкість, динамічність і соціальну природу. Зазначено, що ідентичність особистості – це єдність Я протягом часу. Отже, ця категорія витлумачується як така, що ґрунтується на практичних засадах. Створюючи автобіографічну історію, особистість усвідомлює себе як унікальну істоту, яка залишається незмінною у часу. Наратив постає як єдина засада ідентичності особистості. У статті охарактеризовано процедуру ре ідентифікації, або характеризації, як механізм збереження ідентичності протягом часу. Отримуючи новий досвід, особистість синтезує його з попереднім. У такий спосіб ідентичність особистості відтворюється і зберігається протягом часу. Оскільки особистість може сформувати і підтримувати єдність свого Я лише в наративі, останній виступає єдиним критерієм ідентичності. У статті розглянуто зауваження, що висуваються до наративного підходу Дж. Девенпортом, Е. Руддом, Г. Стросоном та Д. Шумейкером. Усі аргументи, наведені проти наративного підходу, можна звести до таких: онтологічного, гносеологічного та практичного. Їх окреслено в останній частині статті.
Instrumentalist logic of scientific discovery: reflections on Dewey’s method and its metaphysical foundations
Authors: Leonov Andrii
Published: February 2021

У цій роботі я намагаюся прояснити сутність філософії Дьюї: його метод (денотативний метод (ДМ) / структуру дослідження (СД)). Незважаючи на традиційне розуміння Дьюї як анти-фундаменталіста, я хочу показати, що, насправді, його метод мав метафізичні основи: принцип тяглості або теорію емерджентизму. Я також обґрунтовую, що метафізичну позицію Дьюї краще називати «культурним емерджентизмом», аніж його терміном «культурний натуралізм». Те, що Дьюї називав «здоровим глуздом» у своїй «Логіці», Гуссерль позначав терміном «життєвий світ» у «Кризі». Я порівнюю два погляди на розуміння цього явища і роблю висновок, що для Дьюї різниця між природничими науками та здоровим глуздом полягає у предметі, а не в методі. Отже, мета полягає у тому, щоб знайти уніфікований метод, який застосовуватиметься в обох сферах. Тоді як Гуссерль був більш песимістичним: для нього різниця полягала не тільки в предметі, а й у самих методах. Услід за цим обговоренням, я також зробив спробу переформулювати важку проблему свідомості у термінах Дьюї. Насамкінець, я порівнюю ДМ / СД Дьюї з попперівським розумінням наукового методу і роблю висновок, що між ними немає значної різниці, і що метод Дьюї також можна розглядати як гіпотетико-дедуктивний, з єдиною різницею в акцентах.
Формаційна теорія: державні та приватні формації
Authors: Briukhovetskyi Mykola
Published: February 2021

У своєму дослідженні ми виходимо з того, що сучасна соціальна філософія часто звертається до методологічного потенціалу формаційної теорії. Певні модифікації марксистського підходу дозволяють цілком продуктивно використовувати його ідеї для аналізу сучасного суспільства. Проте очевидно, що формаційна теорія має бути очищена від її ідеологічних смислів та догматичних форм. В науковому середовищі сформувалася усталена традиція зовнішньої критики формаційного підходу з позицій інших підходів, насамперед цивілізаційного. Також має місце і внутрішня критика формаційної концепції, спрямована не на її заперечення, а, скоріше, на її вдосконалення. Важливими аспектами такої критики є: проблеми кількості формацій та їх назв, проблема статусу соціалістичної та комуністичної формацій, проблема зміни формацій тощо. Наша мета полягає у тому, щоб представити підхід до розуміння формаційної теорії, здатний принаймні частково подолати деякі з перелічених проблем, окреслених внутрішньою критикою. Таким чином, ми пропонуємо такий погляд на формацiйну теорiю, при якому всi антагонiстичнi формацiї – рабовласництво, феодалiзм та капiталiзм – мають державну i приватну форму iснування. В умовах свого державного рiзновиду в якостi основного власника та експлуататора виступає держава в особi державного апарату. Уявлення про державне рабовласництво та феодалізм дозволяє окреслити в рамках цих формацій азійський спосіб виробництва як окремий уклад, що не піддається класифікації. Державна форма існування феодалізму дозволяє повернути з «окремішнього» шляху Київську Русь та Російську імперію на дорогу загальнолюдського історичного процесу. Державний капіталізм дає змогу переосмислити сторінки так званої соціалістичної історії багатьох країн світу та врешті розгадати феномен сучасного Китаю.
Factors affecting the change in wheel resistance and track depth of wide-grip sprinkler machines
Authors: Zhuravleva L. A , Tkhuan N. V
Published: February 2021

The operation of sprinkler machines is accompanied by the formation of a track with undercarriages, leading to an increase in resistance to wheel movement and leading to many negative consequences: over-watering of irrigated areas, an increase in energy expended on movement, an increase in soil compaction, etc. The depth of the track and the resistance to wheel movement depend on many parameters: soil moisture, irrigation mode, soil bearing capacity, wheel geometry, etc. But the greatest influence is exerted by the load on the wheel axle and the air pressure in the tires. The article presents the results of laboratory studies of installations that simulate the undercarriage of sprinkler machines, which showed that while maintaining a constant air pressure in the tires, an increase in the axle load of the pneumatic wheel from 0,1 to 1.0 kN leads to an increase in the track depth to 4 cm, and also a linear increase in the resistance to wheel movement. With an increase in the pressure generated by the pneumatic wheel, the permanent deformation, the depth of the track, and, consequently, the resistance to movement of the pneumatic wheel increases. The track depth increases by 20 % with an increase in tire pressure from 0,5 to 1,0 MPa. With a constant load on the axle of the wheel, the resistance to movement of the pneumatic wheel increases on average by 25 % when the air pressure in the tires rises from 0,5 to 1,6 MPa. Optimization of running systems, the ratio of the load on the axle of the wheel, geometrical parameters and characteristics, as well as the air pressure in the tires is an urgent task.
Investigation of Static and Dynamic Balance in School Basketball Players with a History of Ankle Injury
Authors:   Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Branch Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran., Roshandel Hesari Ali , Roshandel Hesari Amin ,   Department of Sport Physiology Practical, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the static and dynamic balance in basketball students with an ankle injury history. Methods: Subjects of this study were 36 elementary school basketball male students who participated in this study purposefully and voluntarily. Subjects were divided into two groups of 18 people with an ankle injury and the control group without ankle injury. To measure the static balance from the stork test and the dynamic balance from the star test was used. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t-test) were used to analyze the results. Results: There was a significant difference between the static balance of basketball students and the control group (P=0.001), but no significant difference was found between basketball studentschr('39') dynamic balance with ankle injuries and the control group (P=0.0887). Conclusion: Based on research results, it can be concluded that lower limb injuries, especially ankle injuries they can influence postural control and static balance of basketball students and caused some functional disability. Also recommended coaches during the sports era of basketball players to design specific exercises to strengthen ankle muscles and ligaments and use static balance exercises not to witness this type of injury.
The Effect of a Period of Kinesiotherapy and Reflexology on Pain Intensity and Range of Motion in Elderly Women With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors:   Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Human Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran., Kiani Dooghabadi Fatemeh , Khoshraftar Yazdi Nahid ,   Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Pathology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Farzaneh Hossein ,   Department of Sports Science, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of therapeutic exercise and reflexology on pain intensity and range of motion in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 45 elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three groups of 15: therapeutic exercise, reflexology and control. The therapeutic exercise and reflexology group practiced therapy and reflexology for 4 weeks and 5 sessions per week. The control group also performed their daily activities. To assess the intensity of pain and the range of motion of the subjectchr('39')s knee, the visual pain scale VAS and goniometer were used in pre-test and post-test, respectively. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukeychr('39')s Post Hoc test. Results: The results showed that both types of therapeutic exercise protocol and reflexology have positive and significant effects on reducing pain intensity and increasing range of motion of the knee joint of the subjects (P≤0.05), and the therapeutic exercise protocol compared to the protocol. Reflexology had more significant effects on the rate of increase in range of motion (P=0.001; P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Based on the results, the use of both protocols of therapeutic exercise and reflexology is recommended to reduce the severity of pain and increase the range of motion of elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee. Simultaneous use of these two protocols for treatment and greater effectiveness in this group of patients is recommended
Broccoli and Helicobacter Pylori: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Azizi-Soleiman Fatemeh , Zamanian Maryam ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Pharmacological treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is based on the use of at least two antibiotics with a double dose of proton pump inhibitor which results in antibiotic resistance. Anti-helicobacterial activity of sulforaphane-rich broccoli has been evaluated in laboratory studies. This study aimed to systematically review the conducted randomized clinical trials that have examined the effect of broccoli on H. pylori in humans. Methods: This study is a systematic review of randomized clinical trials on the effect of broccoli on H. pylori. The search was conducted in PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the keywords: Helicobacter pylori, broccoli sprouts, H. pylori, randomized clinical trials, and Brassica, without any time limits for studies conducted until 2019. After excluding duplicates, the titles and abstracts of remained articles were evaluated by two researchers and then the related ones were extracted. Next, their full-texts were examined to select the final articles for review. We included clinical trials and excluded those were in the laboratory or animal testing phases or their full-texts were unavailable. Results: Three studies that had met the inclusion criteria were considered for the review. Overall, neither in the articles that reviewed in the present study nor in the articles that did not enter the review process due to unavailability of their full-texts or having a very small sample size, no clear positive effect of broccoli on inhibiting H. pylori infection in humans had been reported. Conclusion: Due to the lack of optimal results from broccoli consumption for the control of H. pylori infection in humans, it is recommended that longer studies with sufficient sample size and appropriate dose of broccoli along with standard treatment be performed in the future.
Effect of Echium Amoenum on the Anxiety of College Students
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran., Soltani Nejad Somayeh , Zeighami Maryam ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran., Beirami Ashraf ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran., Amirifar Ahmadali ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Humans always have faced with the phenomenon of anxiety and have tried to find solutions to overcome this problem by various methods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of echium amoenum on the anxiety of college students. Methods: This is a clinical trial study. Participants were 40 nursing students in Kerman, Iran who were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The data collection tools were a demographic form and Cattle’s anxiety questionnaire. First, the baseline assessment was conducted in both groups. Then, the intervention group received 1 g echium amoenum powder in 250cc boiling water daily. After a month, both groups were assessed again. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.20 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Witney U test). Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups. After consumption of echium amoenum, the overall anxiety score decreased from 40.4±6.31 to 38.65±3.39 in the intervention group and increased from 39.7±9.29 to 41.75±9.91 in the control group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Echium amoenum could reduce anxiety in the students, but its effect was not significant maybe due to the short duration of its use or small sample size. Hence, further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.
Interaction Effect of Combined Exercise and Supplementation With Portulaca Oleracea on Liver Enzymes in Obese Postmenopausal Women With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors:   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Aliniya Narges , Elmieh Alireza ,   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Fadaei Chafy Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Regular physical activity and the use of portulaca oleracea may be effective in treating liver disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the response of liver enzymes to both exercise and supplementation with Portulaca oleracea in obese postmenopausal women with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Methods: Forty obese women with NAFLD were randomly divided into four groups of supplementation (n=10), combined exercise (n=10), placebo (n=10), and supplementation + exercise (n=10) after signing an informed consent form. Portulaca oleracea supplementation was taken as a 500 mg capsule daily before lunch and dinner. Combined exercise was performed for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week each for 90 minutes. Liver enzymes were measured before and after the intervention. For statistical analysis, paired t-test and ANCOVA were used with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results: Combined exercise and portulaca oleracea supplementation significantly reduced the levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the groups exercise + supplement, exercise, and supplement. There was a significant difference between the exercise + supplement and placebo groups and between placebo and exercise groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of portulaca oleracea and combined exercise can decrease the serum levels of liver enzymes in women with NAFLD, which can be effective in treatment of patients with this disease.
The Effect of Short–Term Nanocurcumin Supplementation on the Anthropometric Indices, Lipid Profile and C-Reactive Protein of Overweight Girls
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Fakhri Fatemeh , Fakhri Somaye ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Shakeryan Saeed ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Alizadeh Aliakbar ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Studies have shown that the use of herbal medicines can be effective in prevention and treatment of obesity/overweight and its related disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of nanocurcumin supplementation on anthropometric characteristics, lipid profile and C-reactive Protein (CRP) in overweight girls. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design. The subjects were 24 overweight students with a mean age of 22.48±1.64 years and body mass index (BMI) of 27.53±3.29 kg/m2. After receiving written consent from the subjects, they were randomly divided into two groups of supplement (n=12) and placebo (n=12). Supplement group consumed 80 mg nanocurcumin capsule daily for 6 weeks. Anthropometric indicators (weight, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio) were measured before and after the intervention and blood samples were collected to measure lipid profile parameters (low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein) and CRP level. Data were analyzed by dependent and independent t-tests. The significance level of the tests was set at P≤0.05. Results: Nanocurcumin supplementation for 6 weeks did not significantly affect the anthropometric indicators, lipid profile parameters and CRP level (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the short-term nancurcumin supplementation cannot significantly affect anthropometric characteristics, lipid profile, and CRP level in overweight girls. Therefore, long-term use and different doses of this supplement are recommended.
Effect of Foot Reflexology on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Tibia Plating Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Operating Rome, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Medical Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Imani Fatemeh , Nasiri Ebrahim ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Addiction Institute, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Akbari Houshang ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Roomt, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Safdari Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Orthopedic, Anesthesiology and Surgery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: One of the major problems of patients after orthopedic surgeries is acute pain. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of foot reflexology massage on postoperative pain in patients undergoing plating surgery for tibia fracture. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 96 patients who were candidates for tibia plating surgery referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnourd, Iran, randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Foot reflexology massage in the intervention group was performed on patients’ healthy feet for 10 minutes, one hour before surgery. In the control group, the foot sole was touched for one minute without any pressure. Pain intensity was measured using the standard Visual Analog Scale before and immediately after the intervention and 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests. Results: The baseline pain scores in the intervention and control groups were reported 8.1±0.9 and 8.4±0.9, respectively. After the intervention, the pain score in these groups was reduced to 6.9±1.1 and 8.1±1.0, respectively (P<0.001). At other times, up to 24 hours after surgery, the pain reduction was higher in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Foot reflexology massage reduces postoperative pain of patients undergoing tibia plating surgery. Therefore, this method can be used to reduce pain and anxiety in orthopedic surgery patients.
Effect of Acupressure on Stress and Anxiety of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Sham-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashahd, Iran., Nahayati Mohammad Ali , Vaghar Seyyedin Seyed Abolfazl ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand,Iran., Bahrami-Taghanki Hamid Reza ,   Department of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashahd, Iran., Rezaee Zahra ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand,Iran., Mehrpooya Nasim ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Neyshaboor University of Medical Sciences, Neyshaboor, Iran., Rahimi Hossein ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand,Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Stress and anxiety are common in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). These complications exacerbate the symptoms of MS. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure on stress and anxiety of MS patients. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, participants were 106 MS Patients referred to Multiple Sclerosis Society in Mashhad, Iran. After signing an informed consent form, they completed a demographic form and stress, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 42 items (DASS-42). Then, they were randomly assigned into intervention and sham groups by tossing a coin. Participants in the intervention group were asked apply a pressure on the Shenmen and Yin Tang acupoints for one month (once per day for 15 minutes), while the sham group applied pressure 2.5 cm below the Shenmen acupoint and 3 cm above the Yin Tang acupoint. Participants in each group were then completed the DASS-42 again one hour after the final session. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, and Paired t-test. Results: In the intervention and sham groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean pre-test scores of stress (34.73±5.80 vs. 33.06±6.42) and anxiety (27.09±6.99 vs. 25.31±6.88), and neither between the mean post-test scores of stress (29.20±6.21 vs. 33.73±9.44) and anxiety (22.79±5.68 vs. 25.21±6.72) (P>0.05). However, comparison of DASS-42 scores between groups showed that the mean scores of stress and anxiety in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the sham group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that acupressure can be used along with other therapeutic and pharmacological interventions to reduce stress and anxiety in patients with MS.
The Effect of Spiritual Self-care Training on the Suffering of Mothers of Newborns Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Sari Hospitals
Authors:   Department Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e-Katul, Iran., Hashemzadeh Somayeh , Akhoundzadeh Golbahar ,   Department Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e-Katul, Iran., Mozaffari Anahid ,   Department Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e-Katul, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Infant hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) may cause many challenges for the family, especially the mother, and cause psychological problems and shock. Self-care, as a prominent factor in physical and mental health and effective in mothers’ adaptation to their child’s illness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of spiritual self-care education on mothers of newborns admitted to the ICU of the hospitals in Sari City. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 64 mothers of newborns hospitalized with informed written consent in the hospitals’ respiratory ICU in Sari City in 2019. Sampling was done by an available method and simple random sampling in two groups: Experimental (n=32) and control (n=32). The experimental group received a spiritual self-care training program in 6 sessions of 60 minutes every day. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a 22-item scale of suffering (CBC) and entered into SPSS V. 25 software, then performed using independent statistical tests, Chi-square, Fisher, and ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). Results: The mean of the pre-intervention care range in the experimental and control groups was 65.46±4.51 and 62.68±7.29, respectively, but the paired t-test did not show a significant difference (P=0.07). According to the paired t-test, the Mean±SD care range after the intervention was 43.47±6.47 and 60.59±6.73, respectively, which led to a significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that spiritual self-care education reduces maternal care suffering. Therefore, its use is recommended for all caregivers
The Effect of Narrative Writing of Mothers on Their Stress With Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Aliabad-e Katul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e Katul, Iran., Tavasoli Atoosa , Akhoundzadeh Golbahar ,   Department of Nursing, Aliabad-e Katul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e Katul, Iran., Hojjati Hamid ,   Department of Nursing, Aliabad-e Katul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e Katul, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Premature birth and hospitalization in the intensive care unit cause many crises and stresses for mothers. In the meantime, narration writing is a method of counseling to reduce mothers' stress. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of maternal narration on the stress of mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: This experimental study was performed on mothers of neonates admitted to the intensive care units. The experimental and control groups were selected by simple random sampling method. In the experimental group, based on the instructions given, the mothers recorded their daily events 3 times a day. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS V. 21 with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test, independent t-test, ANCOVA test). Results: The Mean±SD score of stress was 97.43±2.66 in the experimental group and 95.26±5.76 in the control group before the intervention. The stress level of mothers was 84.9±5.35 in the experimental group after the intervention and 87.1±5.25 in the control group. The covariance test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P=0.03 and Eta= 0.07) so that 7% of stress reduction changes are related to mothers' narration. Conclusion: This study showed that narrative writing as an effective supportive intervention has a vital role in reducing stress in mothers of neonates admitted to the intensive care unit.
Effect of Chronic Caffeine Administration on Expression Ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins in Myocardial Tissue of Male Wistar Rats With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Eduction and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Zarghami Khameneh Ali , Jafari Afshar ,   Department of Sport Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Nikookheslat Saeed ,   Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Eduction and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Karimi Pouran ,   Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: Some previous studies have shown the protective effect of caffeine on apoptosis through the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic caffeine administration on the expression ratio of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-Associated X-protein (Bax) proteins in the cardiac tissue of rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: In this experimental study, samples were 24 male white wistar rats (aged 2-3 months with a weight of 250-300 g) randomly divided into three groups: Healthy control (n=8), untreated diabetic (n=8), and diabetic with caffeine supplement (n=8; 70 mg/kg-1 for 8 weeks, 5 days a week). The expression of proteins associated with apoptotic signaling pathway (Bax and Bcl-2) in the cardiac muscle (left ventricular) was measured by Western blot method. One-Way Variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Induction of type two diabetes significantly increased the expression of Bax protein (1.81±0.2) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein (0.36±0.05) compared to control group (P=0.001). However, caffeine administration increased the expression of Bax protein (131%) compared to diabetic control group (P=0.001). Therefore, caffeine administration after diabetes induction elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P=0.001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of caffeine administration have an exacerbating effect on the apoptotic cell death caused by type 2 diabetes by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins and reducing anti-apoptotic proteins.
Effects of 10-Week Concurrent Training on Insulin Resistance and the Serum Levels of Vaspin and Visfatin in Overweight Females
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran., Kazemi Abdolreza , Mahalati Sareh ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman , Iran.
Published: February 2021

Aims: The present study investigated the effects of a 10-week concurrent training on the serum levels of vaspin and visfatin in overweight females. Methods & Materials: Twenty-four over-weight females from Kerman City, Iran (Mean±SD age: 11.23±0.62 years; Mean±SD weight: 64.83±2.70kg; Mean±SD BMI: 27.97±0.47 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into the control and concurrent training groups. The intervention group performed the training protocol as follows: endurance training: 65-85% of Vo2 max for 20 minutes per session, and resistance training: 50-60% of One Repetition Maximum (1RM) for 30 minutes per session and 3 days a week for 10 weeks. Fasting plasma vaspin, visfatin, and insulin levels were measured by ELISA method. To analyze the data, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used. Findings: Performing 10 weeks of concurrent training significantly decreased vaspin and visfatin plasma levels, and insulin resistance resting levels (P≤0.05); however, there was no significant decrease in glucose levels. Conclusion: Concurrent training can decrease insulin resistance, probably by reducing vaspin and visfatin in overweight females. Therefore, it is suggested that overweight females use concurrent training to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent metabolic diseases.
The Effect of 6-Week Pilates Exercise and Fenugreek Supplement on Total Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Content in Active Women
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran., Chatraei Azizabadi Mahnaz , NazarAli Parvaneh ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran., Hedayati Mehdi ,   Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ramezankhani Azam ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Aims: Certain exercises can develop the antioxidant system. Fenugreek supplementation containing antioxidant capacity and minerals may increase the benefits of exercises. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of Pilates training with fenugreek supplement on Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and minerals in active women. Methods & Materials: The current study was with a quasi-experimental design was conducted on 36 active women aged 21-28 years randomly assigned into four groups: training, supplement, training plus supplement, and control. The training groups performed six weeks of Pilates training with the intensity of 60%-80% of maximal heart rate, three times a week for six weeks. Supplement groups received 500 mg fenugreek seeds daily for six weeks. Before and after the intervention, TAC and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and iron) were measured. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, and paired t-test at significant levels of P<0.05. Findings: In two variables, TAC and calcium, the time effect was significant, in other words, regardless of the group factor, there were significant differences between the post-test and pre-test of TAC and calcium variables in the experimental groups. The interaction of time-group was significant in TAC variable (P<0.05). The effect of the group was not significant in any of the variables. Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that one period of Pilates training and the use of fenugreek supplement alone and in combination could possibly prevent oxidative stress induced by exercise and could be effective in enhancing TAC and increasing calcium levels in active women.
The Effect of Purslane Ointment on Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran., Nasirzadeh Amirreza ,   Gonabad University of Medical Sciences 2- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Basiri Moghadam Mahdi ,   Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Basiri Moghadam Kokab ,   Department of Internal and Surgical Nursing and Pediatrics , School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Aims Chronic musculoskeletal pain is among the major problems of old age. An effective nursing intervention in relieving pain is the use of local herbal ointments. The present study evaluated the effect of purslane ointment on chronic musculoskeletal pain in the elderly. Methods & Materials This was a randomized, blinded clinical trial study and conducted in 2018, on 60 elderly residents of Gonabad City, Iran. The patients were recruited by convenience sampling method. The samples were randomly assigned to the purslane and placebo groups. The instrument used in this study was McGill pain questionnaire; its validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. The intervention was conducted for two weeks. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS and at a significance level of P<0.05. Findings The collected results suggested that the purslane ointment could effectively reduce the sensory and emotional dimensions of pain, compared with placebo. The severity of pain in the elderly was significantly lower in the purslane group after two weeks of intervention, compared to the Pre-test phase. The mean score of pain in two sensory and emotional dimensions was not significantly different between the two genders. Conclusion The use of purslane ointment is effective in reducing musculoskeletal pain in the elderly; therefore, the use of this plant can be considered as a safe and cost-effective intervention by nurses.
Effect of 2-weeks Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Malondialdehyde and Catalase Serum Levels Following Moderate and Severe Acute Resistance Training in Inactive Female Students
Authors:   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran., Feizi Yeganeh , Esmaeil Afzalpur Mohammad ,   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran., Abtahi-Eivary Seyed-Hosein ,   Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Aims Physical activity is usually accompanied by free radicals’ production and oxidative stress. Moreover, to prevent adverse effects, coaches and athletes have to use proper supplementation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation on malondialdehyde and serum catalase enzyme activity following moderate and severe acute resistance training in inactive female students. Methods & Materials In total, 27 female students were randomly divided into three groups; the groups were homogeneous and equal (two groups of resistance training and one control group). The experimental groups were subjected to moderate-intensity acute (70% 1RM) acute and severe acute activity (85% 1RM) and supplemented with coenzyme Q10 (30 mg /d). CAT and MDA were measured in ELISA using a human kit. Findings Moderate and severe acute resistance activities did not alter MDA and catalytic activity (P>0.05); however, after 2 weeks of coenzyme Q10 supplementation, those resulted in a significant decrease in MDA (0.006 and 0.01, respectively) and CAT (0.04 and 0.007, respectively). There were no significant differences between the effects of two exercises (P>0.05). Conclusion Short-term (two weeks) supplementation of coenzyme Q10 and severe acute resistance activity could reduce two important oxidative stress indexes (MDA and CAT).
A Comparative Study on the Effects of Using Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Linum Usitatissimum and Rosa Damascena on Liver Function in Adult Male Rats
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran., Padam Mohammad Mehdi , Khoshvaghti Ameneh ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Aims: Damage to liver tissue and its dysfunction is very important and if left untreated, it can cause serious problems and even death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena on liver enzymes, total protein, bilirubin, albumin, and serum glucose levels. Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 42 male rats divided into 6 groups; control group (group 1) received only sufficient water and food, groups 1 and 2 received 300 and 500 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum extract, groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 1000 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena, and group 6 received 100 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum plus 250 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena extracts intraperitoneally for 28 days. After the last injection, the rats were weighed and their blood samples were collected. The study parameters were measured using a colorimetric method by a spectrophotometer, and then were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test in SPSS V. 25 at a significance level of P<0.05. Findings: There was no significant difference between alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels in the control group in comparison with other groups (P>0.05). In the groups received Rosa damascena extract, there was a significant difference between total protein and albumin levels compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase in the control group compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena have no negative effect on the liver function. The probability of diarrhea occurrence and the possible effects on the total protein and serum albumin after using Rosa damascena, and the effects of different doses of Linum usitatissimum on the glucose levels should be taken into account.
Resistin Changes Following Aerobic Exercise and its Relationship With Fertility in Male Rats With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran., Saremi Abbas , Parastesh Mohammad ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran., Mohammadi Leili ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Aims Resistin is secreted by adipose tissue and could be the link between diabetes and infertility. This study aimed to investigate the alteration of resistin following aerobic exercise training in diabetic rats and its possible interaction with sperm parameters. Methods & Materials In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats (age: 56 days, weight: 200-250g) were randomly divided equally into three groups of healthy control, diabetic control, and diabetic aerobic exercises. Diabetes was induced with a unique intraperitoneal injection (65 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin. Seven days after the injection and after 12 hours of fasting, the animals with blood glucose levels of ≥250 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Seven days after the induction of diabetes, the animals in the exercise group were subjected to progressive aerobic training (treadmill running for 1 h, 27 m/min, 5 d/wk). After 10 weeks of exercise, the sperm quality and resistin concentrations were measured. The obtained data were compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05). Findings The induction of diabetes significantly decreased sperm count (P=0.001), motility (P=0.001), viability (P=0.001), and morphology (P=0.01). The sperm parameters, such as count (P=0.03) and viability (P=0.002) were significantly higher in the diabetic exercise group, compared to the diabetic sedentary group. No significant changes were found in resistin levels between diabetic exercise and diabetic sedentary groups (P=0.40). Conclusion The collected results indicated that the 10-week aerobic training regimen improved sperm quality, independent of changes in resistin levels, in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat models.