bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicação da análise estatística multivariada no estudo da qualidade da água do Rio Pomba, MG
Authors: Guedes Hugo A. S. , Silva Demetrius D. da , Elesbon Abrahão A. A. , Ribeiro Celso B. M. , Matos Antonio T. de , Soares José H. P.
Published: February 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da água e identificar os grupos de poluição presentes no médio Rio Pomba, por meio de técnica estatística multivariada. Duas campanhas no período de out/2008 a jan/2009 foram realizadas em nove pontos georreferenciados, localizados ao longo do médio Rio Pomba, compreendendo a análise de 18 variáveis de qualidade de água. A técnica estatística multivariada por meio da aplicação da análise fatorial/análise de componentes principais promoveu a redução no número de variáveis de qualidade de água, uma vez que o melhor comportamento das variáveis ocorreu com a inclusão de 15 das 18 variáveis analisadas. Pelo emprego da análise fatorial/análise de componentes principais identificou-se que o melhor comportamento das variáveis de qualidade das águas do médio Rio Pomba foi aquele composto por três fatores, explicando 74,30% da variância total. As variações na qualidade da água no médio Rio Pomba foram definidas por um grupo de nutrientes associado ao esgoto doméstico e à poluição difusa; por um grupo orgânico, causado pelo lançamento de esgoto doméstico no curso de água e por um grupo de sólidos em suspensão, expressando o processo de erosão hídrica na bacia.
Tratamento nutricional em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca
Authors: Sahade Viviane , Montera Vanessa dos Santos Pereira
Published: February 2017

A insuficiência cardíaca é um problema grave e crescente de saúde pública em todo o mundo, sendo a via final comum da maioria das cardiopatias. Apesar dos recentes avanços da medicina, pouca atenção vem sendo dada ao tratamento não farmacológico, em particular à terapia nutricional. A evolução clínica dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, via de regra, caminha para quadros variáveis de desnutrição, de causa multifatorial e que não está necessariamente relacionada ao índice de massa corporal. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura na busca por evidências sobre a composição adequada da dieta no tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, SciELO e dos comitês nacionais e internacionais de saúde, dos artigos publicados no período compreendido entre 1981 e 2006. Observou-se que existem poucos estudos bem elaborados, sobre a adequação da dietoterapia na insuficiência cardíaca e que esta ainda é muito restrita ao controle do sal e de líquido, sendo dada pouca atenção à quantidade e à qualidade dos demais nutrientes. Existe uma crescente evidência de que a dieta é um fator importante no prognóstico e no tratamento desses pacientes, porém futuros estudos, incluindo ensaios clínicos com adequado número de participantes, se fazem necessários para que se possa prescrever, com segurança, suplementos nutricionais.
Jogos de empresas e economia experimental: um estudo da racionalidade organizacional na tomada de decisão
Authors: Sauaia Antonio Carlos Aidar , Zerrenner Sabrina Arruda
Published: February 2017

Este artigo contribui, por meio de análise empírica de comportamentos em jogos de empresas, para a discussão das teorias clássicas da tomada de decisão, notadamente os estudos de Simon. Foram produzidos dados primários em jogos de empresas operados como experimentos laboratoriais encadeados. Buscaram-se evidências empíricas de como os indivíduos processam a informação recebida para tomar decisões. Em concordância com os teóricos de economia e finanças comportamentais (Barberis & Thaler, 2003; Breinholt, Chesteen, & Cooper, 1992; Shiller, 2000; Simon, 1957, 1976), as escolhas de alguns indivíduos mostraram-se racionais, mas de maneira limitada, produzindo resultados em desacordo com a teoria da utilidade esperada devido a alguns fatores cognitivos (Simon como citado em Bazerman, 2004, p. 6): simplificação; falta de critérios; restrição de tempo e de custo; percepção; capacidade de retenção da memória. As decisões subjetivamente racionais (racionais a priori) que pareciam alinhar meios e fins revelaram-se ineficientes (a posteriori), prejudicando o desempenho da organização (taxa interna de retorno) e reduzindo o incentivo dos gestores (avaliação de desempenho). As evidências aqui relatadas, baseadas em resultados objetivos e observações, abrem caminho para a aproximação entre pesquisas com jogos de empresas e a área de economia experimental.
Dialética do desenvolvimento periférico: dependência, superexploração da força de trabalho e política econômica
Authors: Carcanholo Marcelo Dias
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho procura discutir as possibilidades de desenvolvimento na periferia da economia mundial, enfatizando dois aspectos. Em primeiro lugar, observa-se que as políticas econômicas neoliberais e a reestruturação produtiva foram formas encontradas pelo capital para responder à sua própria crise dos anos 1970, e que essas formas aprofundaram a condição de dependência das economias periféricas dentro da lógica mundial de acumulação capitalista. Em segundo lugar, constata-se que a única maneira de desenvolvimento capitalista na periferia, tendo em vista o aprofundamento da dependência, é a superexploração da força de trabalho. Por fim, argumenta-se que as alternativas para a periferia passam pela redução dessa superexploração da força de trabalho e/ou da luta contra a própria exploração capitalista da força de trabalho como forma de extração de excedente.
Requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens at 1 to 42 days of age
Authors: Goulart C.C. , Costa F.G.P. , Silva J.H.V. , Souza J.G. , Rodrigues V.P. , Oliveira C.F.S.
Published: February 2017

The objective of this work was to estimate requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age. It was carried out four experiments for each one of the following phases: pre-initial, initial, growing and final. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments and six replicates. Treatments consisted of a basal feed for each phase, deficient in digestible methionine + cystine and supplemented with DL-methionine to supply six levels of digestible methionine + cystine, resulting in different digestible methionine + cystine:digestible lysine ratios. In the pre-initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine did not influence feed intake and feed conversion. However, weight gain responded in a quadratic way. In the initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine had decreasing linear effect on feed intake whereas weight gain and feed conversion were influenced in a quadratic manner. In the growth and final phases, feed intake was not influenced by levels of digestible methionine + cystine, but weight gain and feed conversion presented quadratic response. The levels of 0.873; 0.755; 0.748 and 0.661% of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet or the daily intake of 183; 575; 1,104 and 1,212 mg of digestible methionine + cystine are recommended for the pre-initial, initial, growth and final phases, respectively, which corresponds to the ratios of 71; 70; 76 and 72% of digestible methionine + cystine to digestible lysine.
Growth of white clover seedlings treated with aqueous extracts of leaf and root of tough lovegrass
Authors: Favaretto Adriana , Scheffer-Basso Simone Meredith , Felini Vanderleia , Zoch Alana Neto , Carneiro Cercí Maria
Published: February 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of extracts of leaf and roots of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana) on seedling growth of white clover (Trifolium repens), in two experiments. The first experiment was conducted as a pilot test, in which two concentrations (30 and 60%) of leaf aqueous extract were tested. In Experiment II, source (leaf/root) and concentration (5 and 10%) of the extracts were combined. Distilled water was used as control in both trials. Fifty seedlings at 7 days of age were placed in gerbox containers on filter paper moistened with extracts and incubated at 25°C for 14 days. In the first experiment, percentage of normal seedlings decreased by 82.5% and 100% at the concentrations of 30% and 60%, respectively, which indicated the need to increase the dilution of the extracts. In the subsequent experiment, the extracts from the two sources, at 10% of concentration, reduced by 78% the percentage of normal seedling and increased the percentage of abnormal seedlings, which reached 27%. At 5% concentration, the leaf extract was the most deleterious treatment, resulting in greater mortality (M=27.6%) and abnormality (A=19.5%) of seedlings, compared to the root extract (M=4.8%; A=9.5%) and the control (M=2.4%; A=0.25%). The morphological changes caused by the extracts were radicle necrosis, retention of cotyledons and absence of secondary roots. The results suggest that allelopathic compounds from leaves and roots of tough lovegrass differ in chemical nature and/or concentration.
Valor nutritivo da forragem de genótipos de cereais de inverno de duplo propósito
Authors: Meinerz Gilmar Roberto , Olivo Clair Jorge , Fontaneli Renato Serena , Agnolin Carlos Alberto , Fontaneli Roberto Serena , Horst Tiago , Viégas Julio , Bem Cláudia Marques de
Published: February 2017

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo da forragem de 12 genótipos de seis espécies de cereais de inverno de duplo propósito (forragem e grãos), submetidos ao corte, na região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. As espécies e genótipos testados foram: trigo (BRS 277, BRS Guatambu, BRS Tarumã, BRS Umbu); aveia-preta (Agro Zebu, UPFA 21 - Moreninha e Comum); aveia-branca (UPF 18); centeio (BR 1 e BRS Serrano); Cevada (BRS Marciana) e triticale (BRS 148).Os genótipos foram distribuídos em 36 parcelas experimentais, num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. As análises de valor nutritivo e composição mineral foram feitas pelo método da reflectância do infravermelho proximal (NIRS), em amostras do estrato superior a 10 cm de altura da forragem. Os genótipos de aveia e o trigo BRS Umbu apresentaram os melhores resultados de valor nutritivo. A composição mineral apresentou pequena variabilidade entre os genótipos testados. Os resultados demonstram que os cereais de inverno produzem forragem de elevado valor nutritivo.
Terminação de novilhos de corte Angus e mestiços em pastagem natural na região da Campanha do RS
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo Tonet , Nabinger Carlos , Elejalde Denise Adelaide Gomes , Freitas Aline Kellermann de , Schmitt Fernanda , Tarouco Jaime Urdapilleta
Published: February 2017

Avaliou-se a viabilidade de abater animais de distintos grupos raciais com até quatro dentes em diferentes tipos de pastagem: natural, adubada, e melhorada por fertilização e sobressemeadura de espécies hiberno-primaveris. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os dados foram agrupados em estações do ano (inverno e primavera) e submetidos à análise de variância. Foram utilizados novilhos de corte Angus e mestiços, ambos com média de idade inicial de 20 meses. A massa de forragem total e a altura do pasto apresentaram diferenças entre os tipos de pastagem e as estações do ano. A taxa de lotação e a massa de forragem verde sofreram interação entre o tipo de pastagem e a estação do ano. O ganho por área ao longo do experimento foi maior na pastagem adubada (259 kg/ha) e melhorada (263 kg/ha) em comparação à pastagem natural (126 kg/ha). O ganho médio diário foi maior para os novilhos Angus (1,087 kg/dia) e na estação de inverno (1,251 kg/dia). Não houve diferença para a área de olho-de-lombo entre o tipo de pastagem e grupo racial na data do abate. A espessura de gordura subcutânea sofreu interação entre o tipo de manejo e o grupo racial, uma vez que novilhos mestiços depositaram mais gordura na pastagem adubada e novilhos Angus na melhorada. Animais mestiços atingiram menor peso ao abate (505 kg), porém maior rendimento de carcaça (51,6%). Somente os animais mantidos na pastagem natural não atingiram acabamento suficiente para a comercialização. A utilização de fertlizantes e sementes na pastagem natural possibilita o abate de novilhos precoces independente do grupo racial. O ambiente pastoril determina diferentes respostas produtivas conforme a genética utilizada. O cruzamento é uma alternativa para incrementar atributos importantes da carcaça e diminuir o tempo de terminação.
Bipolar disorder first episode and suicidal behavior: are there differences according to type of suicide attempt?
Authors: Neves Fernando Silva , Malloy-Diniz Leandro Fernandes , Barbosa Izabela Guimarães , Brasil Paulo Marcos , Corrêa Humberto
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the polarity of the first mood episode may be a marker for suicidal behavior, particularly the violent subtype. METHOD: One hundred and sixty-eight patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (DSM-IV) were grouped according to type of first episode: depression or manic/hypomanic. Groups were compared for demographic and clinical variables. We performed logistic regression in order to test the association between first episode polarity and suicidal behavior. RESULTS: We found that depressed patients have a lifetime history of more suicide attempts. However, univariate analysis of number of suicide attempts showed that the best model fits the bipolar II subtype (mean square = 15.022; p = 0.010) and lifetime history of psychotic episodes (mean square = 17.359; p = 0.021). Subgrouping the suicide attempts by subtype (violent or non-violent) revealed that manic/hypomanic patients had a greater tendency toward attempting violent suicide (21.2 vs. 14.7%, X² = 7.028, p = 0.03). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed this result. CONCLUSION: Depressed patients had more suicide attempts over time, which could be explained by the higher prevalence of bipolar II subtype in this group, whereas manic/hypomanic patients had a lifelong history of more frequent violent suicide attempts, not explained by any of the variables studied. Our results support the evidence that non-violent suicide attempters and violent suicide attempters tend to belong to different phenotypic groups.
Depression and quality of life of hemodialysis patients living in a poor region of Brazil
Authors: Santos Paulo Roberto
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between depression and quality of life (QOL) of patients in hemodialysis (HD). METHOD: One hundred and sixty six patients over 18 years of age who had been in HD for at least three months and had no history of transplant. QOL was assessed using the SF-36. To categorize depression, a score > 10 was used on the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Comparisons between depressed and nondepressed patients were performed using the chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. Multiple regression was performed to assess the predictive variables of patients' QOL. RESULTS: Symptoms of depression were found in 13 (7.8%) patients. The only variable that differed among depressed patients was QOL. Depressed patients presented lower scores in vitality (40.7 vs. 57.3; p = 0.010), role-emotional (25.6 vs. 62.5; p = 0.006), and mental health (50.1 vs. 65.4; p = 0.023). Regression analysis demonstrated that depression was a predictor of role-emotional (OR = 0.981, CI = 0.967-0.996; p = 0.010) and mental health (OR = 0.970, CI = 0.946-0.996; p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Depressed patients experience a poor QOL because, in addition to their chronically affected physical aspects, they also feel limited in the mental dimensions, which usually have the highest score among non-depressed HD patients.
Perfil nutricional de praticantes de corrida de rua de um clube esportivo da cidade de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
Authors: Goston Janaina Lavalli , Mendes Larissa Loures
Published: February 2017

O perfil antropométrico e/ou dietético de corredores de elite tem sido estudado; porém, pouco se conhece sobre estas características em praticantes de corrida de rua "recreacionais". O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil nutricional de praticantes de corrida de rua de um clube esportivo de Belo Horizonte (BH)/MG, encaminhados ao ambulatório de nutrição da clínica-escola de uma faculdade privada da cidade. A amostra foi composta por 19 indivíduos, na faixa etária entre 28 e 53 anos. Para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional foi obtida análise da adequação da ingestão de energia e dos macronutrientes - carboidratos (CHO), lipídios (LIP) e proteínas (PTN) - por meio do método recordatório de 24 horas (R24h), além da caracterização do perfil antropométrico. Os resultados da avaliação dietética indicaram que, segundo as recomendações propostas pelas DRIs (ingestão dietética de referência), a distribuição energética entre os macronutrientes em ambos os sexos encontra-se adequada sendo de 48,1 ± 9,2% (CHO); 29,6 ± 7,2% (LIP); e 22,3 ± 4,96% (PTN). Entretanto, quando se considera o consumo em g/kg de peso corporal, a ingestão de CHO apresentou-se baixa (3,54 ± 1,45g/kg/d) e a de PTN alta (1,7 ± 0,57g/kg/d) para esta modalidade esportiva. Quanto ao consumo energético total, 89,5% dos corredores estavam com ingestão energética abaixo dos valores recomendados, resultando em deficiência calórica diária. Em relação às características antropométricas, o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) médio entre homens e mulheres não apresentou diferença estatística e mostrou-se adequado segundo a faixa etária. A circunferência da cintura (CC) e razão cintura quadril (RCQ) do grupo indicaram valores normais, não representando risco aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares. Concluímos que há indicativos que, apesar de os desportistas avaliados terem realizado distribuição energética em % adequada entre os macronutrientes, ainda não são suficientes para suprir as exigências energéticas da modalidade, necessitando, portanto, de constante orientação nutricional
Público versus privado: avaliando a assistência à gestação e ao parto no extremo sul do Brasil
Authors: Cesar Juraci A , Mano Patrícia S , Carlotto Kharen , Gonzalez-Chica David A , Mendoza-Sassi Raul A
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a assistência à gestação e ao parto entre o setor público e privado no município de Rio Grande, RS. MÉTODOS: aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as gestantes residentes neste município que tiveram filho em 2007. Investigaram-se aspectos relativos a cuidados recebidos desde o início da gestação até o pós-parto imediato. A análise estatística consistiu da comparação de proporções nestes dois grupos através do teste de qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: dentre os 2584 nascimentos cujas mães residiam no município, foram obtidas informações sobre 2557, o que representa 98,9% do total. Destas mães, 96% realizaram pelo menos uma consulta de pré-natal. Gestantes atendidas no setor privado iniciaram o pré-natal mais cedo, realizaram um maior número de consultas médicas, exame de sangue e ultrassonografia pélvica, exame ginecológico, das mamas e citopatológico de colo uterino. Gestantes do setor público realizaram maior número de exames de urina e sorologia para sífilis e foram mais comumente suplementadas com sulfato ferroso. Todas estas diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: gestantes do setor privado receberam de forma sistemática melhor assistência durante o pré-natal em termos de consultas e exames realizados, tiveram seu parto mais comumente realizado por médico, foram mais afetadas por intervenções desnecessárias como cesariana e episiotomia e menos frequentemente suplementadas com ferro.
O Balanced Scorecard e o alinhamento estratégico da tecnologia da informação: um estudo de casos múltiplos
Authors: Galas Eduardo Santos , Ponte Vera Maria Rodrigues
Published: February 2017

Na era da informação e do conhecimento, a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) tem demonstrado ser cada vez mais uma importante área para as empresas. Por essa razão, o alinhamento da TI com a estratégia tem sido uma constante preocupação de cientistas e executivos. O Balanced Scorecard (BSC) é apresentado na literatura como um instrumento de gestão que possibilita o alinhamento da organização com sua estratégia. Nesse contexto, com o objetivo de analisar os impactos da implantação do BSC nos fatores de alinhamento estratégico da TI com o negócio, sob a perspectiva dos gestores, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratório-qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos em empresas que implantaram o BSC e que possuem área de TI. As fontes de evidências foram: entrevistas focais, questionário semi-estruturado, documentos e observação direta. Os fatores do alinhamento da TI foram agrupados em quatro categorias: Social, Organizacional, Planejamento e Comportamental. Os resultados mostram que a implantação do BSC provoca mudanças gerenciais que influenciam nos fatores do alinhamento da TI das quatro categorias, transformando-os em fatores facilitadores do alinhamento e contribuindo positivamente para o alinhamento da TI com o negócio.
La duda creativa y las revoluciones científicas
Authors: Díaz Caballero José Ricardo
Published: February 2017

La duda siempre ha jugado un papel esencial en el desarrollo de la ciencia. Ilustrar esta regularidad, a través de esa importante página de la historia de la física que representó la génesis y maduración de la revolución científica que trajo a luz la teoría especial de la relatividad, es la razón de ser del presente artículo.
Optimum engineered infilled frames and the influence of openings
Authors: Mohammadi Majid
Published: February 2017

An engineered infilled structural building frame with adjustable strength is proposed. The infill wall has a frictional sliding fuse at mid-height, which can be regulated for a certain sliding strength. Previous experimental and analytical studies have shown that greater fuse strength leads to higher strength but lower ductility for the infilled frame. This paper discusses optimising the fused infill panel. The modification factors and expected strengths of infills with different fuse strengths were calculated and compared. To complement the study on fused infill panels, the influences of an opening were investigated experimentally. Two one-third scale single-storey single-bay concrete infilled steel frames having a frictional sliding fuse were tested by displacement-controlled cyclic loading. The specimen with a door opening at the centre was compared with the specimen with solid infill.
Elastic stable intramedullary nailing in pediatric diaphyseal forearm bone fracture
Authors: Rokaya Poojan Kumar , Rawal Mangal , Khan Javed Ahmad , Giri Praveen Kumar
Published: February 2017

Background: Pediatric forearm bone fracture present significant challenges where most of them are managed with closed reduction and casting. Irreducible, unstable and open fracture usually requires operative stabilization. Intramedullary nailing is considered minimal invasive however it is not free of complication. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome and complications after elastic stable intramedullary nailing in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fracture.

Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out for four years (2013-2016) in diaphyseal pediatric forearm fracture stabilized with titanium elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Final range of motion, complications and outcome were assessed using Clavien-Dindo classification modification appropriate for orthopedic surgery.

Results: We report the outcome of 36 patients with complete medical records. Closed reduction and nailing was successful in 25 patients (69.4%) whereas eleven patients (30.6%) required open reduction (both radius and ulna in 6 patients 16.7%, ulna in 3 patients 8.3% and radius in 2 patients 5.6%). Radiological union was achieved at an average of 7.75±1.5 weeks (range 6 to 16 weeks). Forearm rotation was limited in 7 patients with average loss of 16° pronation and 18° supination. The overall rate of complication was 22.2%. According to Clavien-Dindo classification excellent results were noted in 29 patients (80.6%), good in 3 patients (8.3%) and fair in 4 patients (11.1%).

Conclusions: Elastic intramedullary nailing in pediatric diaphyseal forearm bones fracture is minimally invasive with low rate of complication and the outcomes are fair to excellent.
Does the Use of Lidocaine in Dogs and Cats Reduce Post-Operative Tracheitis?
Authors: Fausak Erik Davis , Soules Kirsten
Published: February 2017

Clinical bottom line:

Examination of a human systematic review and two veterinary prospective trials suggest topical application on the glottis, and placement of lidocaine on the endotracheal tube both seem to improve sore throat and laryngeal response in animals. Choice of pre-medicants and induction agents appears to have an impact on the extent of lidocaine efficacy. Consideration should be given in allowing enough time for lidocaine placement to have effect (around 60-90 seconds). Limitations in more confident assertions of the efficacy of lidocaine being utilized to prevent tracheitis is that only the human systematic review had enough follow up time to examine the benefits of lidocaine on sore throat in intubation.

 

  
From biofilm ecology to reactors: a focused review
Authors: Boltz Joshua P. , Smets Barth F. , Rittmann Bruce E. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Morgenroth Eberhard , Daigger Glen T.
Published: February 2017

Biofilms are complex biostructures that appear on all surfaces that are regularly in contact with water. They are structurally complex, dynamic systems with attributes of primordial multicellular organisms and multifaceted ecosystems. The presence of biofilms may have a negative impact on the performance of various systems, but they can also be used beneficially for the treatment of water (defined herein as potable water, municipal and industrial wastewater, fresh/brackish/salt water bodies, groundwater) as well as in water stream-based biological resource recovery systems. This review addresses the following three topics: (1) biofilm ecology, (2) biofilm reactor technology and design, and (3) biofilm modeling. In so doing, it addresses the processes occurring in the biofilm, and how these affect and are affected by the broader biofilm system. The symphonic application of a suite of biological methods has led to significant advances in the understanding of biofilm ecology. New metabolic pathways, such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) or complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) were first observed in biofilm reactors. The functions, properties, and constituents of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance matrix are somewhat known, but their exact composition and role in the microbial conversion kinetics and biochemical transformations are still to be resolved. Biofilm grown microorganisms may contribute to increased metabolism of micro-pollutants. Several types of biofilm reactors have been used for water treatment, with current focus on moving bed biofilm reactors, integrated fixed-film activated sludge, membrane-supported biofilm reactors, and granular sludge processes. The control and/or beneficial use of biofilms in membrane processes is advancing. Biofilm models have become essential tools for fundamental biofilm research and biofilm reactor engineering and design. At the same time, the divergence between biofilm modeling and biofilm reactor modeling approaches is recognized.
Роль та місце омега-3 жирних кислот у регуляції синдрому системної відповіді на запалення в пацієнтів, які отримують інтенсивну терапіюРоль та місце омега-3 жирних кислот у регуляції синдрому системної відповіді на запалення в пацієнтів, які отримують інт
Authors: Matolinets N.V.
Published: February 2017

В статті проаналізовано сучасні наукові дані щодо ролі ω-3 жирних кислот у комплексі нутритивної підтримки хворих, які мають критичний стан, а також вплив на динаміку синдрому системної відповіді на запалення (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, SIRS), синдрому протизапальної відповіді (Сompensatory Anti-inflammatory Response Syndrome, CARS) та змішаної антагоністичної дії, що розвивається при взаємодії різноспрямованої (запальної/протизапальної) відповіді (SIRS/САRS). Призначення замісної імунокорекції в комплексі інтенсивної терапії критичних станів патогенетично обґрунтоване і показане як компонент цілеспрямованої органопротективної терапії. Наявність у пацієнтів синдрому SIRS або CARS повинна визначати вибір ліпідної емульсії в комплексі парентерального харчування з додаванням LCT/MCT-емульсій із ω-3 жирними кислотами у клініці інтенсивної терапії. Використання ліпідних емульсій, збагачених риб’ячим жиром, сприяє зменшенню тривалості лікування в стаціонарі пацієнтів із критичними станами.
Аміноглікозиди в клініці інтенсивної терапії: втрачені надії чи невикористані можливості?
Authors: Pidgirnyy Ya.M.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Протягом наступних 10–15 років у клініках не очікується появи нових класів антибіотиків. Якщо ще враховувати, що дедалі частіше з’являються полірезистентні штами бактерій, то стане очевидним, що проблема вибору адекватної технології антибіотикотерапії має глобальний характер. Матеріали та методи. Нами обстежено 22 хворі (6 жінок та 16 чоловіків) із діагнозом «гострий панкреатит», які були госпіталізовані з 2012 по 2016 рік у Львівську обласну клінічну лікарню. Причинами гострого панкреатиту в 14 пацієнтів були жовчнокам’яна хвороба та мікролітіаз, у 4 хворих — зловживання алкоголем, а у 2 пацієнтів було діагностовано ідіопатичний панкреатит. Обстеження з метою верифікації діагнозу, тяжкості гострого панкреатиту та його лікування проводили згідно зі стандартами діагностики та лікування гострого панкреатиту (методичні рекомендації; Київ, 2005), із протоколами діагностики та лікування гострого панкреатиту (посібник для лікарів; Київ, 2007) та міжнародним керівництвом із лікування тяжкого сепсису і септичного шоку (2012). Верифікацію бактеріальних ускладнень проводили за допомогою бактеріологічних досліджень та визначення рівня прокальцитоніну. У разі інфекційних ускладнень здійснювали інтенсивну терапію, що передбачена протоколом лікування сепсису/тяжкого сепсису та токсико-септичного шоку, але останнім часом екстрапольована і на інших критичних хворих (Surviving Sepsis Compaign — SSC-Guidelines, версія 2012 року). Усім хворим під ­УЗ-контролем було проведено аспіраційну пункцію парапанкреатичних рідинних скупчень, з яких при бактеріальному дослідженні було виділено Е. сoli — 104–105 КУО та Ps. aeruginosa — 105–106 КУО. У 12 хворих (ретроспективна група) за умов появи бактеріальних ускладнень із метою стартової емпіричної антибактеріальної терапії використовували меропенем, 1 г 3 рази на добу, а у 10 хворих (проспективна група) — меропенем + тобраміцин, 5 мг/кг/24 год (одноразове введення). Ми враховували те, що ступінь активності аміноглікозидів залежить від їх одномоментно створеної концентрації в крові хворого (дозозалежний ефект) і для них є характерним постантибіотичний ефект. Результати. Тяжкість панкреатиту (4–5 балів за шкалою Ranson), стану хворих (22–24 бали за шкалою АРАСНЕ ІІ) та поліорганної дисфункції (6–7 балів за шкалою SOFA) у пацієнтів обох груп була порівнянною. У хворих проспективної групи на 3–4-й день швидше регресували ознаки загальної відповіді на запалення, тяжкості стану та поліорганної дисфункції. У ретроспективній групі з 12 пацієнтів у 9 стан ускладнився виникненням нозокоміальної пневмонії, а в основній групі хворих вона була діагностована лише в 3 пацієнтів. Висновки. Таким чином, комбінація карбапенемів (меропенему) з аміноглікозидами (тобраміцином) чинить синергічну дію при лікуванні хворих із гнійно-септичними процесами, що зумовлені неферментуючими грамнегативними паличками (Ps. aeruginosa).
A (TRANS) formação humana na perspectiva foucaultiana: interpelações à educação escolar e à docência na atualidade
Authors: Pagni Pedro Angelo
Published: February 2017

O tema da formação humana vem sendo objeto de uma longa discussão no âmbito dos estudos em Filosofia da Educação. O presente artigo procura abordar esse tema a partir do pensamento de Michel Foucault e, ao privilegiar essa perspectiva teórica, apresentar uma de suas faces mais radicais, objetivando vistas a discutir as possibilidades da restituição do sentido formativo da educação escolar e da docência na atualidade. Para isso, recorremos à obra e aos últimos cursos desse filósofo, particularmente, ao momento em que articula sua ontologia crítica à estética da existência, ao seu retorno aos gregos para problematizar no presente a filosofia e a pedagogia e aos conceitos em torno dos quais sustenta o que chama de pragmática de si. Dessa forma, procuramos contribuir para o atual debate sobre o assunto, no campo da Filosofia da Educação, e para uma reflexão acerca das possibilidades do sentido (trans)formativo da educação escolar, no presente.
Infancia y de/ colonialidad: autorías y demandas infantiles comosubversiones epistémicas
Authors: Melgarejo Patricia Medina
Published: February 2017

La emergencia de las luchas étnicas latinoamericanas ha marcado una serie de transformaciones en la región en el paso en que piensan alternativas a las múltiples dominaciones. El impacto sobre la teoría social ha llevadoa modos distintos de producir conocimiento, desencadenando el giro de/colonial: la lectura crítica de las propuestas post-coloniales. Partiendo de este reconocimiento, los Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos y la pedagogía intercultural dan elementos importantes para llegar a formas de/ coloniales de encontrarse con las infancias. El giro de/ colonial en los Estudios de las Infancias implicaría la producción de relatos des/colonizadores marcados pela autoría infantil y el asum
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH NASIONAL PASCA UNDANG UNDANG PERBANKAN SYARIAH (ANALISIS DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL STATISTIKA CHOW TEST)
Authors: Khalidin Bismi
Published: February 2017

This article aims to determine the influence of Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah (UUPS) on the growth of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. The data was analyzed using econometric software, SHAZAM version 10.1. This study employs Ordinary Least Square (OLS), and Chow Test was utilized as a statistical instrument. The findings show that UUPS did not have a significant influence on the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia. This was indicated by the fact that third party fund (DPK), the number of depositors, and the amount of financing were not growing significantly. In addition, the application of Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS), as the core principle in Islamic banking operation, also did not show any significant change. This was supported by the fact that murabahah product was still dominant within the financing portfolio of Islamic banking in Indonesia. ========================================================================================================Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengaruh Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah (UUPS) terhadap pertumbuhan industri perbankan syariah nasional. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah Ordinary Least Square (OLS), dengan instrumen statistik Chow Test. Pengolahan data menggunakan program ekonometrika SHAZAM Versi 10.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UUPS tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan industri perbankan syariah secara umum. Dana Pihak Ketiga, Jumlah Nasabah dan Pembiayaan tidak mengalami perubahan sama sekali. Disamping itu, penerapan sistem bagi hasil Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS) yang merupakan prinsip utama operasional perbankan syariah, juga tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Ini ditunjukkan dengan pembiayaan produk murabahah masih mendominasi portofolio pembiayaan industri perbankan syariah nasional.
MENGKRITISI TEORI PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KONVENSIONAL
Authors: Majid M. Shabri Abd.
Published: February 2017

The failure of western economists to identify the factors that cause of the differences in economic growth within a country over time and differences in economic growth between countries are because of their weaknesses and ignorance. Besides, the ignorance of the role of science in the early emergence of the theory of economic development, until now they still deny the presence of the grace of Allah SWT as the most important factor causing the ongoing economic development of the people. Because of the high value of science in Islam, then the mastery of science comprehensively and completely will allow Muslims to build its economy. However, economic development of the people will never apply without the blessing of Allah through His grace stream. This paper is to review and uncover the weakness of western economic growth theory since the theory was first initiated. Although, initially the western economists had ignored the role of science as one important indicator of economic development, then in the end of 2nd millennium they have that mastery of knowledge is absolutely necessary to develop the economy of the country. It is clearly shown that finally the western economists were forced to admit the truth of the words of Allah that has been poured in the Muslim holy book, Al Qur'an, about the importance of the role of sciences in life in this world. ========================================================================================================Kegagalan para ahli ekonomi barat untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya perbedaan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam sebuah negara dari masa ke masa dan perbedaan pertumbuhan ekonomi antar negara adalah mutlak disebabkan oleh kedhaifan dan kejahilan mereka sendiri. Selain sempat mengabaikan peran ilmu pengetahuan pada awal-awal kemunculan teori pembangunan ekonomi, hingga detik ini mereka masih menafikan kehadiran rahmat Allah SWT sebagai faktor terpenting penyebab berlangsungnya pembangunan ekonomi umat. Karena tingginya nilai ilmu pengetahuan dalam Islam, maka penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan secara komprehensif dan benar jelas akan memudahkan umat Islam untuk membangun ekonominya. Namun, pembangunan ekonomi umat tidak akan pernah berlaku tanpa mendapat restu Allah SWT melalui cucuran rahmatNya. Tulisan ini meninjau dan menguak kedhaifan teori pertumbuhan ekonomi barat sejak teori itu pertama kali digagaskan. Walaupun pada awalnya para ahli ekonomi barat sempat mengabaikan peran ilmu pengetahuan sebagai salah satu indikator penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi, namun di akhir milineum ke-2 mereka telah menyadari bahwa penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan adalah mutlak diperlukan untuk membangun ekonomi negara. Ini, secara jelas, menunjukkan bahwa, akhirnya, para ahli ekonomi barat terpaksa mengakui kebenaran kata-kata Allah SWT yang telah dituangkan dalam kitab suci umat Islam, al-Qur'an tentang pentingnya peran ilmu pengetahuan dalam menjalani kehidupan di dunia fana ini.
Top management team’s cultural diversity and firm performance: the mediating role of ambidextrous orientation
Authors: Uman Timur
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the influences of cultural diversity in the top management team (TMT) on organizational performance. The link between the two is investigated through the path dependency model, where firm ambidextrous orientation serves an intervening role. The results of the study suggest that TMT cultural diversity will have a negative influence on firm performance due to the decreasing degree of ambidextrous orientation being a result of TMT diversity. The study is based on the survey filled out by 82 CEO of Danish and Swedish listed corporations. Studies theoretical contribution is expressed in uncovering the mediating role of firm’s ambidextrous orientation on the TMT diversity – performance relationship.
Management decisions regarding the voluntary disclosure of information: the problem of the recognition of the firm’s intellectual capital and that of lenders’ information needs
Authors: Napoli Francesco
Published: February 2017

We analyse data on Italian listed companies quoted on the Milan stock exchange which perform R&D (Research & Development) activity. We find there is a positive relationship between R&D activity and voluntary disclosures of additional information that: a) regards R&D assets in themselves, in line with theoretical predictions according to which voluntary disclosure makes up for shortcomings in the current financial accounting model; b) is relevant to lenders’ interests, in line with the fact that quoted Italian firms are highly dependent upon lenders. Owner-managers of quoted Italian firms show, moreover, a significant tendency to augment additional information provided to lenders in the event of losses (negative earnings)
What motivates block share ownership?
Authors: Lamba Asjeet S. , Stapledon Geof
Published: February 2017

Diffuse share ownership is not as pronounced in the U.S. as many would assume. This has led to a body of research examining large shareholders, or blockholders. Issues addressed include whether firms with a blockholder perform better or worse than widely-held firms; whether firms with a blockholder pay their executives differently to widely-held firms; and whether the presence of a blockholder increases or decreases the incidence takeovers. Another issue, which this paper explores, is what motivates block share ownership. Bebchuk (1999a, 1999b) develops a model which predicts that a firm is more likely to have a controlling blockholder if the anticipated private benefits of control at that firm are comparatively large. This paper examines the factors associated with ownership structure among publicly traded Australian firms. Our results indicate that private benefits of control are a significant factor in explaining the differences in ownership structure among Australian firms. As importantly, we also find that the relationship between the existence of a blockholder and private benefits of control is endogenous. That is, the presence of a controlling blockholder strongly influences the prevalence of these private benefits of control.
Technical trading revisited: evidence from the Asian stock markets
Authors: Lubnau Thorben , Todorova Neda
Published: February 2017

We examine the forecasting power and profitability of moving average (MA) and trading range break (TRB) rules for the daily prices of ten Asian stock indices from January 1990 to September 2012 using bootstrap tests. The results confirm the predictive ability of MA rules whereas the picture uncovered by the TRB rules is more mixed. The MA rules consistently generate positive excess returns after transaction costs, with highest magnitudes often achieved for less developed markets. However, more developed markets surprisingly seem to be far from informationally efficient as well. Furthermore, short-term variants of the trading rules outperform systematically long-term variants.
Financial development and economic growth in developing countries: evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammary Meshaal J.
Published: February 2017

This study investigates the long-term and short-term relationships between capital market development and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the period from January 1993 to December 2009. It employs a wide range of vector autoregression (VAR) models to evaluate the importance and impact of capital market development on economic growth. We used real GDP growth rates and None Oil GDP as proxies for economic growth and the stock market index (SMI), the bank credits to the private sector (BCP) and the broad money supply (M2) as proxies for the capital market development. The VAR models indicate a positive and significant long-term causal relationship between capital market development and economic growth. Granger causality tests show that economic growth Granger-cause capital market development and vice versa when using the real GDP growth rate variables. The study implications are as follows. Firstly, investment in real economic activities leads to economic growth. Secondly, the stock market might hinder economic growth due to its volatile and international risk sharing nature, low free-floating share ratio, number of listed companies and the domination of Saudi Individual Stock Trades (SIST) characteristics. Thirdly, policymakers should seek to minimise stock market volatility and fluctuations, increase both the free-floating share ratio and number of listed companies and shift investment domination toward corporate investors by considering its effect on economic growth when formulating economic policies. Fourthly, the banking sector might hinder economic growth due to its lack of small and medium enterprises lending and shareholder concentration issues. Finally, policymakers should seek to encourage banks toward more involvement in small and medium enterprises SMEs’ lending, which will strengthen the private sector role.
Director’s monitoring effectiveness and CEO compensation
Authors: Hooy Chee-Wooi , Tee Chwee-Ming
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the monitoring effectiveness of independent and non independent directors on a CEO pay-performance of Malaysian financial firms from 2002-2009. It is based on the agency and managerial power theory. The former states that under optimal contract pay should be aligned to performance, while the latter postulates that powerfully entrenched CEO can influence captive directors to award generous compensation package. Our empirical results show (1) a high CEO pay-dividend sensitivity while market measurement plays no part in influencing CEO pay; (2) both the independent and non independent directors have failed in their fiduciary role as internal monitor, suggesting the dominance of managerial power in the board; (3) the appointment of independent directors is merely a move to fulfill the minimum standards of the best practices of corporate governance.
Bank influence, firm performance and survival: Empirical evidence from Germany 1970-1986
Authors: Elston Julie Ann
Published: February 2017

This paper systematically investigates the impact of bank-influence on firm performance and survival in Germany. Close bank-firm relationships and concentrated ownership which characterize the Japanese and German financial and governance systems are often credited with reducing agency problems and improving monitoring of firm activities, thus improving firm performance and the chances of survival. Empirical results reveal that bank influenced firms have higher survival rates than independent firms. However, firm growth appears to be independent of bank influence and negatively related to firm size.
Corporate governance and theories of executive pay
Authors: Pukthuanthong Kuntara , Talmor Eli , Wallace James S.
Published: February 2017

This study performs an in-depth look at the corporate governance, voting and ownership structure of the companies selected using a relatively homogenous data of the U.S. financial sector. Variables that proxy for managerial strategic discretion and task complexity are found to best explain CEO compensation. Corporate governance, including board characteristics and ownership structure, is the second leading determinant of pay variation, while firm performance and CEO specific characteristics seem to play the least role. In accord with studies on managerial stock ownership and Tobin’s Q, the pay-for-performance relation appears to be curvilinear in CEO stock ownership