bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A community arts programme for older people: an evaluation
Authors: Stickley Theodore , Hui Ada , Souter Gary , Mills Danielle
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of a community-based arts programme for older people in Nottinghamshire.

Design/methodology/approach

– The evaluation was conducted using a combination of pre- and post-initiative quantitative questionnaires and qualitative focus group interviews. This paper focuses upon the findings from the focus groups.

Findings

– Participants reported feeling more positively about ageing and being more motivated to pursue new opportunities at the end of the programme. Five themes emerged from the focus group interviews, namely age and ageing, the finished product, new opportunities, aspirations and the future and personal benefits. These related to increased confidence, having greater creative expression, meaningful occupation and opportunities for socialisation.

Social implications

– The programme was found to be successful in helping individuals feel more positive about their age, to feel more confident and motivated, to engage with others through mutual creativity, as well as to challenge negative social stereotypes of older people.

Originality/value

– The paper will be of relevance and value to those working with older people and those with an interest in the arts. This evaluation demonstrates the diversity of the older population with older citizen’s voices being at the heart of the programme.
Do computers increase older people’s inclusion and wellbeing?
Authors: Holttum Sue
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to consider two recent studies on computer use by older people, who may become increasingly isolated due to infirmity and sensory impairments. Older people are less likely to use computer technology yet it has been suggested that it may help reduce isolation. These studies inquired into older people’s experience with computers.

Design/methodology/approach

– The first paper discussed here explored how a sample of older people in the USA acquired a computer and whether it contributed to their well-being. The second paper was about a similar study with a sample of older people in the UK.

Findings

– In the US sample, people who saw tablet computers being used by a friend were likely to purchase one. In the UK sample, people seemed to have had to overcome more fears of using computer technology, but in both samples, once initial difficulties were overcome, people were enthusiastic about using them. In both, people felt more able to keep up hobbies and interests through finding information or connecting with interest groups online, and able to keep connected with family members.

Originality/value

– In light of increasing migration of services and information to the internet, these studies explored the things that help and hinder older people in terms of using computers, in order to address the digital divide, whereby those unable to use them can be left isolated and with reduced information and support. These studies were able to explore personal meanings of computer use and specific fears and difficulties, which are important to understand in planning for training and support for older people who are not yet on line. They also demonstrated that, alongside face-to-face interaction, being online was experienced as reducing people’s isolation and enhancing their lives.
Stabilization of silica-coated silver iodide nanoparticles by ethanol-washing
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshio , Ayame Tetsuya , Shibuya Kyosuke , Nakagawa Tomohiko , Kubota Yohsuke , Gonda Kohsuke , Ohuchi Noriaki
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to propose a simple method for stabilizing silica-coated silver iodide (AgI/SiO2) core-shell particles, of which a colloid solution functions as an X-ray contrast agent.

Design/methodology/approach

– A colloid solution of AgI nanoparticles was prepared by mixing silver perchlorate and potassium iodide in water. The AgI/SiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated by a sol-gel method using NaOH, H2O and tetraethylorthosilicate in ethanol in the presence of AgI nanoparticles surface-modified with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

Findings

– The silica shells of AgI/SiO2 particles were dissolved near the AgI nanoparticle surface, when they were washed by a process composed of centrifugation, removal of supernatant with decantation, addition of water as a washing solution and a shake with a vortex mixer. In contrast, the shells were not damaged by using ethanol as the washing solution, i.e. ethanol-washing. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the silica was changed after the ethanol-washing, which indicated that the ethanol-washing had an effect on the chemical bonds in silica. The effect also acted on the silica shells of AgI/SiO2 particles, which did not damage the core-shell structure, i.e. controlled the dissolution of shell.

Originality/value

– The paper demonstrates that the ethanol-washing is quite useful for stabilizing the core-shell structure composed of the silica shells.
Social impact measurement: why do stakeholders matter?
Authors: Costa Ericka , Pesci Caterina
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to discuss the notion of social impact of social impact measurement in social enterprises by supporting the multiple-constituency theory as a contribution to this under-theorised issue. Moreover, the paper proposes the stakeholder-based approach as the most appropriate solution for selection among metrics related to the growing number of social impact measurements.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper proposes a review of social impact measurement studies by considering contributions from both academia and practitioners, while providing a reassessment and conceptualisation of this issue in terms of the multiple-constituency theory.

Findings

– The paper criticises the “golden standard approach” to social impact measurement according to which social enterprises have to find one standardised metric capable of determining an organisation’s real impact. The golden standard approach promotes a more “political view” of social enterprises, according to which multiple stakeholders set performance standards based on their viewpoints regarding the measurement’s purposes.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper responds to the urgent call to define a theoretical framework that might guide social impact measurement, seeking to avoid the current lack of order and transparency in existing practices that could serve as a vehicle for camouflaging corporate social un-sustainability.

Originality/value

– The multiple-constituency approach should discourage organisations from opportunistically selecting a social impact measurement with the sole purpose of proving a higher impact, as, within the proposed new perspective, social impact metrics are no longer managed independently by the social enterprises themselves. Instead, these metrics are defined and constructed with the stakeholders. As a result, social enterprises’ manipulative intentions should diminish.
Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: McGranahan Nicholas , Furness Andrew J. S. , Rosenthal Rachel , Ramskov Sofie , Lyngaa Rikke , Saini Sunil Kumar , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Wilson Gareth A. , Birkbak Nicolai J. , Hiley Crispin T. , Watkins Thomas B. K. , Shafi Seema , Murugaesu Nirupa , Mitter Richard , Akarca Ayse U. , Linares Joseph , Marafioti Teresa , Henry Jake Y. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Miao Diana , Schilling Bastian , Schadendorf Dirk , Garraway Levi A. , Makarov Vladimir , Rizvi Naiyer A. , Snyder Alexandra , Hellmann Matthew D. , Merghoub Taha , Wolchok Jedd D. , Shukla Sachet A. , Wu Catherine J. , Peggs Karl S. , Chan Timothy A. , Hadrup Sine R. , Quezada Sergio A. , Swanton Charles
Published: March 2016

The cellular ancestry of tumor antigens

One contributing factor in antitumor immunity is the repertoire of neoantigens created by genetic mutations within tumor cells. Like the corresponding mutations, these neoantigens show intratumoral heterogeneity. Some are present in all tumor cells (clonal), and others are present in only a fraction of cells (subclonal). In a study of lung cancer and melanoma, McGranahan
et al.
found that a high burden of clonal tumor neoantigens correlated with improved patient survival, an increased presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and a durable response to immunotherapy.

Science
, this issue p.
1463
Draft Genome Sequence of
Psychrobacter piscatorii
Strain LQ58, a Psychrotolerant Bacterium Isolated from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent
Authors: Zhou Meixian , Dong Binbin , Liu Qing
Published: March 2016

Here, we report the 3.1-Mb draft genome sequence of 
Psychrobacter piscatorii
strain LQ58, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise. The sequence will provide further insight into the environmental adaptation of psychrotolerant bacteria and the development of novel cold-active enzymes for industrial application.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Butyric Acid Producer
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
Strain CIP I-776 (IFP923)
Authors: Wasels François , Clément Benjamin , Lopes Ferreira Nicolas
Published: March 2016

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
CIP I-776 (IFP923), an efficient producer of butyric acid. The genome consists of a single chromosome of 3.19 Mb and provides useful data concerning the metabolic capacities of the strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Lactobacillus casei
DPC6800, an Isolate with the Potential to Diversify Flavor in Cheese
Authors: Stefanovic Ewelina , Casey Aidan , Cotter Paul , Cavanagh Daniel , Fitzgerald Gerald , McAuliffe Olivia
Published: March 2016

Lactobacillus casei
is a nonstarter lactic acid bacterium commonly present in various types of cheeses. It is believed that strains of this species have a significant impact on the development of cheese flavor. The draft genome sequence of
L. casei
DPC6800, isolated from a semi-hard Dutch cheese, is reported.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Alcaligenes faecalis
Strain IITR89, an Indole-Oxidizing Bacterium
Authors: Regar Raj Kumar , Gaur Vivek Kumar , Mishra Gayatri , Jadhao Sudhir , Kamthan Mohan , Manickam Natesan
Published: March 2016

We report the draft genome sequence of
Alcaligenes faecalis
strain IITR89, a bacterium able to form indigo by utilizing indole as the sole carbon source. The
Alcaligenes
species is increasingly reported for biodegradation of diverse toxicants and thus complete sequencing may provide insight into biodegradation capabilities and other phenotypes.
Genome Sequence of a Virulent
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strain, 12-4-4(59), Isolated from the Blood Culture of a Burn Patient
Authors: Karna S. L. Rajasekhar , Chen Tsute , Chen Ping , Peacock Trent J. , Abercrombie Johnathan J. , Leung Kai P.
Published: March 2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen that frequently infects wounds, significantly impairs wound healing, and causes morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Here, we report the genome sequence of a virulent strain of
P. aeruginosa
, 12-4-4(59), isolated from the blood culture of a burn patient.
Complete Genome Sequence of PM105, a New
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B3-Like Transposable Phage
Authors: Pourcel Christine , Midoux Cédric , Bourkaltseva Maria , Pleteneva Elena , Krylov Victor
Published: March 2016

The complete genome of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteriophage PM105 is 39,593 bp long. The phage belongs to the B3 family of transposable Mu-like phages, as confirmed by the presence of bacterial DNA joined to the phage genome ends. PM105, together with other B3-like phages, form a newly arising species.
Draft Genome of
Rhodococcus rhodochrous
TRN7, Isolated from the Coast of Trindade Island, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Edmo M. , Pylro Victor S. , Dobbler Priscila T. , Victoria Filipe , Roesch Luiz F. W. , Tótola Marcos R.
Published: March 2016

Here, we present a draft genome and annotation of
Rhodococcus rhodochrous
TRN7, isolated from Trindade Island, Brazil, which will provide genetic data to benefit the understanding of its metabolism.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Chlorinated-Ethene Degrader,
Cupriavidus necator
Strain PHE3-6 (NBRC 110655)
Authors: Yonezuka Kenta , Shimodaira Jun , Tabata Michiro , Nagase Shun , Kasai Daisuke , Hosoyama Akira , Yamazoe Atsushi , Fujita Nobuyuki , Fukuda Masao
Published: March 2016

Cupriavidus necator
strain PHE3-6 grows on phenol as a sole carbon source and cometabolizes
cis-
and
trans-
dichloroethenes and trichloroethene. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of PHE3-6, which provides insights into the degradation system of phenol and chlorinated ethenes.
Navigating care for Bedouin patients with diabetes
Authors: Dunton Shauna , Higgins Alison , Amkraut Jonathan , Abu-Rabia Yones
Published: March 2016

The Bedouin Arab population in the southern Negev region of Israel has faced health problems as a result of transitioning rapidly from a nomadic agricultural lifestyle to a more modern urban lifestyle. Like many populations around the world, the Bedouins have changed their diets and become more sedentary and this has led to a high rate of diabetes. In this case report, we examine how diabetes has affected the life of an influential man in the Bedouin community and the significance this case has in the greater context of a global rise in chronic disease.
Implementation of routine foot check in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis: associations with outcomes
Authors: Marn Pernat Andreja , Peršič Vanja , Usvyat Len , Saunders Lynn , Rogus John , Maddux Franklin W , Lacson Eduardo , Kotanko Peter
Published: March 2016

Objective

Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of foot ulcers, which may result in limb amputations. While regular foot care prevents ulcerations and amputation in those patients with diabetes not on dialysis, evidence is limited in diabetic hemodialysis patients. We investigated the association between the implementation of a routine foot check program in diabetic incident hemodialysis patients, and major lower limb amputations.

Methods

In 1/2008, monthly intradialytic foot checks were implemented as part of standard clinic care in all Fresenius Medical Care North America hemodialysis facilities. Patients with diabetes who initiated hemodialysis between 1/2004 and 12/2007 constituted the preimplementation cohort, and patients starting hemodialysis between 1/2008 and 12/2011 comprised the postimplementation cohort. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity analysis where we excluded patients from the clinics with <10 patients in the postimplementation period and where percent difference in patient with diabetes number between postimplementation and preimplementation period was <20%. We compared lower limb amputation rates employing Poisson regression models with offset of exposure time in these two cohorts.

Results

We studied 35 513 patients in the preimplementation and 25 779 patients in the postimplementation cohort. In the postimplementation cohort, amputation rate decreased by 17% (p=0.0034). The major lower limb amputation rate was 1.30 per 100 patient years in preimplementation and 1.07 in postimplementation cohort. These beneficial results were corroborated in the multivariate analysis (p=0.0175) and were even more pronounced in the sensitivity analysis (p=0.0083).

Conclusion

Monthly foot checks are associated with reduction of major lower limb amputations in diabetic incident hemodialysis patients.
First overview on chronic injuries in sport climbing: proposal for a change in reporting of injuries in climbing
Authors: Grønhaug Gudmund , Norberg Marius
Published: March 2016

Background

Climbing as a youth sport is growing fast. This is mostly due to indoor walls for training attracting youngsters. With hard training from young ages it is vital to be able to pinpoint training regimes to avoid injuries in athletes. Furthermore, it is vital to know what injuries are most common in the sport to be able to prevent them. Such an overview on injuries does not exist to date. The aim of this overview is to summon the injuries described in published research and to extract the most common.

Method

Two literature searches were conducted in PubMed, on 11 August 2013 and 19 August 2015.

Result

The searches gave 1409 titles. All titles were carefully examined for the possible finding of descriptions of climbing-related chronic injuries. This led to the reading of 96 abstracts and then to a final inclusion of 47 papers of which 17 described chronic climbing-related injuries. We found descriptions of 45 chronic injuries in those 17 papers.

Discussion

Owing to methodological differences, lack of reporting strategies and non-use of control groups in the included papers, it is not possible to conclude on which groups of climbers are more prone to injuries or to state which injuries are the most prevalent among climbers.
Osseous injuries of the foot: an imaging review. Part 3: the hindfoot
Authors: Kiener Alexander James , Hanna Tarek N , Shuaib Waqas , Datir Abhijit , Khosa Faisal
Published: March 2016

Injuries to the foot are a common cause for presentation to the emergency department, and imaging is often used to aid in the diagnosis. The foot can be divided into three distinct anatomic regions: the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. Our manuscripts comprise a three-part imaging review in which we address the use of radiography as well as advanced imaging modalities. We provide pearls to radiographic interpretation and discuss prognostic implications and classification systems. Part 1 addresses forefoot injuries, part 2 reviews midfoot injuries and part 3 covers the hindfoot.
Impact of immediate post-reperfusion cooling on outcome in patients with acute stroke and substantial ischemic changes
Authors: Hwang Yang-Ha , Jeon Ji-Su , Kim Yong-Won , Kang Dong-Hun , Kim Yong-Sun , Liebeskind David S
Published: March 2016

Background

In patients with acute stroke and an extensive ischemic burden at baseline, the prognosis is usually poor despite timely reperfusion.

Objective

To overcome universally poor outcomes in such patients, by applying immediate ‘post-reperfusion cooling’ in order to reduce reperfusion-related complications, and to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics.

Methods

Patients having (1) an acute anterior large vessel occlusive stroke within 4.5 h since last known well, (2) Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) ≤5 on baseline imaging, and (3) targeted temperature management with endovascular cooling after confirmed reperfusion were included in this study.

Results

Eighteen patients (mean±SD age 59.5±10.9 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 17, and median ASPECTS of 3) were analyzed. Median lesion volumes at baseline and after treatment were 130.2 and 110.6 mL, respectively. Median time from onset to the start of hypothermia and hypothermia duration were 213 min and 51 h, respectively. Favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) at 3 months was observed in 10 (55.6%) patients. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, malignant brain edema, and pneumonia were observed in 2, 6, and 8 patients, respectively.

Conclusions

The use of post-reperfusion cooling as a rescue treatment in patients with substantial ischemia at baseline might improve clinical outcome.
In-Plane Static Analysis of Nonlocal Curved Beams with Varying Curvature and Cross-Section
Authors: Tufekci Ekrem , Aya Serhan Aydin , Oldac Olcay
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the derivation of the nonlocal equations for curved beams with varying curvature and cross-section. Eringen’s nonlocal constitutive equations are rewritten in cylindrical coordinates and implemented into the classical beam equations considering the effects of axial extension and the shear deformation. Varying distributed loads are also considered in the equations. The governing differential equations of an arbitrary curved beam bearing variable distributed loads are solved exactly by using the initial value method. The displacements, rotation angle about the binormal axis and the force resultants are obtained analytically. The nonlocal equations include the length scale parameter which is also known as nonlocal parameter. Several numerical examples are solved to emphasize the effect of the length scale parameter. A parametric study is also performed to point out the effects of the slenderness ratio, opening angle, loading and boundary conditions and also axial and shear deformations on the static behavior of the beam.
Insight into the Eastern Margin of Africa from a new tectonic model of the Indian Ocean
Authors: Reeves C. V. , Teasdale J. P. , Mahanjane E. S.
Published: March 2016

We present a new plate tectonic model for the breakup and dispersal of East and West Gondwana and subsequent formation of the Indian Ocean, focussed on the early evolution of the Eastern Margin of Africa. We start from a tight reconstruction of all the Precambrian pieces. Using primarily ocean-floor fracture zone data, the development of the ocean between India and Antarctica is resolved into four distinct spreading regimes and that between Antarctica and Africa into seven distinct regimes. The movement of Madagascar against Africa is then investigated as part of the plate–circuit closure between Africa and India in the Madagascar–Africa–Antarctica–India–Madagascar system. We conclude that a distinct change in plate tectonic regime off East Africa occurred at about 153 Ma (Kimmeridgian) when transforms were first activated offshore. Before this time, East and West Gondwana were separated by a rift, propagating from NE to SW and starting between 188 and 170 Ma. The model is defined by Euler interval poles, published here for the first time, and a refined global animation that may be inspected and copied from the URL
www.reeves.nl/Gondwana
. The analysis points to a small number of disruptive events in the otherwise inexorable growth of the oceans.
Deformation Lamps
Authors: Kawabe Takahiro , Fukiage Taiki , Sawayama Masataka , Nishida Shin'ya
Published: March 2016

Light projection is a powerful technique that can be used to edit the appearance of objects in the real world. Based on pixel-wise modification of light transport, previous techniques have successfully modified static surface properties such as surface color, dynamic range, gloss, and shading. Here, we propose an alternative light projection technique that adds a variety of illusory yet realistic distortions to a wide range of static 2D and 3D projection targets. The key idea of our technique, referred to as (Deformation Lamps), is to project only dynamic luminance information, which effectively activates the motion (and shape) processing in the visual system while preserving the color and texture of the original object. Although the projected dynamic luminance information is spatially inconsistent with the color and texture of the target object, the observer's brain automatically combines these sensory signals in such a way as to correct the inconsistency across visual attributes. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to investigate the characteristics of the inconsistency correction and found that the correction was critically dependent on the retinal magnitude of the inconsistency. Another experiment showed that the perceived magnitude of image deformation produced by our techniques was underestimated. The results ruled out the possibility that the effect obtained by our technique stemmed simply from the physical change in an object's appearance by light projection. Finally, we discuss how our techniques can make the observers perceive a vivid and natural movement, deformation, or oscillation of a variety of static objects, including drawn pictures, printed photographs, sculptures with 3D shading, and objects with natural textures including human bodies.
Dissecting the inflammatory twitch in allergically inflamed mice
Authors: Pothen Joshua J. , Poynter Matthew E. , Lundblad Lennart K. A. , Bates Jason H. T.
Published: March 2016

We have previously advanced the hypothesis that the allergic inflammatory response in the lungs occurs as a self-limited sequence of events that begins with the onset of inflammation and then resolves back to baseline over a predetermined time course (Pothen JJ, Poynter ME, Bates JH. J Immunol 190: 3510–3516, 2013). In the present study we tested a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the instigation of the allergic inflammatory response should be accompanied by a later refractory period during which the response cannot be reinitiated. We challenged groups of ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice for 3, 14, 21 and 31 consecutive days with aerosolized ovalbumin. We measured airways responsiveness as well as cell counts and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after the final challenge in subgroups from each group. In other subgroups we performed the same measurements following rest periods and after a final single recall challenge with antigen. We determined that the refractory periods for GM-CSF, KC, and IL-5 are no longer than 10 days, while those for IFNγ and IL-10 are no longer than 28 days. The refractory periods for total leukocytes and neutrophils were no greater than 28 days, while that for eosinophils was more than 28 days. The refractory period for airways resistance was less than 17, while for lung elastance it was longer than 28 days. Our results thus demonstrate that the components of the allergic inflammatory response in the lung have finite refractory periods, with the refractory period of the entire response being in the order of a month.
How Have Breast Cancer Screening Intervals Changed Since the 2009 USPSTF Guideline Update?
Authors: Wernli KJ , Arao RF , Hubbard RA , Sprague BL , Alford-Teaster J , Haas JS , Henderson L , Hill D , Lee CI , Tosteson AN , Onega T
Published: March 2016

Background: Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Preventives Services Task Force (USPSTF) breast cancer screening guidelines recommended biennial mammography screening for women aged 50–74 years, and shared-decision making for women aged 40–49 years. We evaluated changes in screening interval after release of the 2009 recommendations. Methods: We compared screening intervals over the period between 2006 and 2012, expecting that the screening interval would lengthen over this time period, using data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium on 909,972 screening mammograms among 351,271 women aged 40–89 years. We stratified intervals based on whether the exam at the end of the interval occurred before or after the 2009 USPSTF decision. Differences in mean interval length by woman-level characteristics were compared using linear regression. Results: Contrary to expectations, the mean interval length (in months) minimally decreased after the 2009 USPSTF guideline compared to prior. Among women aged 40–49 years, the mean interval length decreased from 17.3 months to 17.1 months (difference −0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.30 to -0.01). Similar small reductions were seen for most age groups. The largest decreases in interval length in the post-USPSTF period were observed among women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer (difference −0.68, 95% CI, −0.82–−0.54) or a 5-year breast cancer risk ≥ 2.5% (difference −0.58, 95% CI, −0.73–−0.44). Conclusions: The 2009 USPSTF guideline update did not lengthen the average mammography screening interval among women routinely participating in mammography screening. Future studies should evaluate whether breast cancer screening intervals lengthen towards biennial intervals following new national 2015 breast cancer screening recommendations, particularly among women under 50 years.
Pre- and Post-Diagnostic Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Colorectal Cancer Survival in Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Hua X , Adams SV , Phipps AI , Cohen SA , Burnett-Hartman A , Hardikar S , Newcomb PA
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in the general population, and regular NSAID use is associated with improved survival among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We examined the association of NSAID use prior to, and after, diagnosis in relation to CRC-specific and overall survival. Methods: Study subjects were incident, invasive CRC cases from the population-based Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry. Eligible cases were 20–74 years of age, diagnosed from 1997 to 2008, and identified from the Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Registry. NSAID use two years prior to the interview date (“pre-diagnosis period”) was collected by telephone interview at study enrollment an average of eight months after diagnosis. A follow-up questionnaire was administered approximately five years after the cases' CRC diagnosis (“post-diagnosis period”). Regular NSAID use was defined as having taken aspirin or ibuprofen at least twice per week for more than a month. Follow-up for survival and cause of death was completed through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of pre- and post-diagnostic NSAID use, and initiation, continuation and discontinuation of NSAIDs between pre- and post-diagnostic periods with survival after CRC diagnosis. Results: Compared to never users, regular NSAID use after diagnosis was associated with better overall survival (HR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.54–0.89) and CRC-specific survival (HR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.29–0.80). Among people who survived five years after diagnosis, both overall and CRC-specific survival were better for patients who initiated NSAID use post-diagnosis compared to never users, with HRs (95% CI) of 0.70 (0.51–0.95) and 0.43 (0.23–0.82), respectively. HR estimates were stronger for CRC-specific survival among those with non-advanced (local and regional) CRC (HR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.18–0.77). Conclusion: Our results suggest that among long-term CRC survivors, regular use of NSAID after CRC diagnosis, including when initiated after diagnosis, is significantly associated with longer CRC-specific survival. This association is more pronounced for patients with non-advanced CRC.
Hormone Contraception before the First Birth and Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Cook LS , Pestak CR , Leung ACY , Le ND
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Combined oral contraceptive (OC) use strongly and consistently reduces the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC); longer durations of use and more recent use are associated with the strongest reductions in risk. However, it is unknown if exclusive OC use before the first birth is associated with a reduction in EOC risk many years later. Therefore, we investigated the risk for EOC among parous women associated with exclusive OC use before the first birth. Methods: From a population-based case-control study in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, 2001–2011, we included 1144 invasive EOC cases and 2513 controls who were >40 years at diagnosis/reference date. Participants reported OC use and all pregnancies via a telephone interview or self-administered questionnaire (in the early years of the study). Duration of OC use was evaluated as a continuous variable and by categories: non-users (never use or <6 months of use), <5, 5–<10, >10 years, unknown. Using logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for study site, age, parity, breastfeeding, first degree family history of breast/ovarian cancer, tubal ligation, and BMI. Results: OC use at any time during reproductive life was associated with a 42% reduced risk for EOC relative to non-users (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.49–0.69). Among parous women, each additional year of exclusive OC use before the first birth conferred an 11% risk reduction relative to non-users (aOR = 0.89 95% CI, 0.86–0.94, linear trend p-value <0.01). Results were similar when we restricted to cases with high grade serous cancers (aOR = 0.90 95% CI, 0.84–0.95, linear trend p-value <0.01) and for cases with endometrioid/clear cell cancer (aOR 0.88 95% CI, 0.80–0.95, linear trend p-value < 0.01). Discussion: Among parous women, exclusive use of OCs before the first birth was associated with a strong reduction in EOC risk many years later. Because OCs stop ovulation, this reduced risk may be due to a reduction in lifetime ovulatory cycles. However, it is also possible that OC use at younger ages, before the first birth, represents a window of opportunity to have a substantial impact on reducing risk that remains for many years, informing possible prevention strategies.
Dietary Adequacy among Tobacco User Households in Bangladesh
Authors: Virk-Baker MK , Parascandola M
Published: March 2016

Background: Smokers have less adequate diet as compared to non-smokers. The indirect effects of tobacco on diet may have profound implications for health and disease outcomes. Less is known about the influence of tobacco on dietary intakes in low-income countries where malnutrition is a major public health challenge. Additionally, the effect of smokeless tobacco on dietary intake are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate influence of tobacco use on dietary intakes in a developing country. Methods: We used the nationally representative Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES-2010) from Bangladesh. Detailed dietary data including both ethnic and regional specific foods were collected for 14 days and comprised of 7 visits with two days recalls. Overall, 71% of the households reported positive expenditure on tobacco (smoking and/or smokeless), and were considered tobacco users. Results: Out of 12240 households, 2061 used smoking tobacco only (16.8%), 3284 used smokeless tobacco only (26.8%), and 3348 were dual-users (27.4%). Our results indicate that after controlling for household expenditure, household size, place of residence, and education, tobacco users consumed significantly lower daily mean per capita of vegetables (β = −18.35 g/day; P < 0.0001), milk and dairy (β = −12.83 g/day; P < 0.0001), fish (β = −11.19 g/day; P < 0.0001), meat (β = −7.60 g/day; P < 0.0001), legumes (β = −3.31g/day; P < 0.0001), eggs (β = −1.60 g/day; P < 0.0001) as compared to non-users. However, mean per capita daily intakes of cereal products (β = 24.744 g/day; P < 0.0001) was significantly higher among tobacco users as compared to non-users. We observed similar significant associations for smokeless tobacco users as compared to non-users. Conclusion: The project provides evidence to support policy recommendations for addressing poor dietary intakes and malnutrition burden among tobacco user households in a developing country like Bangladesh. Addressing tobacco use in relation to malnutrition would make tobacco control a higher priority for effective tobacco related chronic disease prevention, as well as achieving the Millennium Development Goal 1, and post-2015 development agenda of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger.
Influence of Personal Exposure to the Cancer of a Loved One on the Breast Cancer Prevention Decisions of High Risk Women
Authors: Padamsee TJ , Muraveva A , Wills C , Yee L , Paskett E
Published: March 2016

Purpose: To explore the impact of close personal exposure to cancer in a family member or friend in the prevention decisions of women at elevated risk of breast cancer. Methods: 50 semi-structured interviews with women at elevated risk of breast cancer, focusing on perceptions of risk; risk information; consideration of prevention options; decision-making processes and networks, and psychosocial well-being. Transcribed data are analyzed with NVivo 10, using grounded theory methods. Results: Prevention decision making by women who have had close contact with the cancer diagnosis and treatment of a loved one (most often a mother or grandmother, but sometimes a sister, cousin, or close friend) is importantly influenced by these experiences. The process of deciding whether and when to undertake prophylactic mastectomy or oophorectomy, chemoprevention, enhanced surveillance, and/or genetic testing is substantially different in women who have and have not had close personal experience with the cancer of a loved one. Women who have experienced the deaths of one or more loved ones express strong motivation and willingness to undertake definitive interventions; most often this means prophylactic surgery, but this can also include chemoprevention. These women often feel that they are likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer eventually, and seek decisive methods to avoid what they perceive as a life-threatening diagnosis. Women whose loved ones have survived and thrived after a cancer diagnosis are more oriented toward careful surveillance through screening tests and physician checks. These women usually see breast cancer as a challenge they may have to deal with in the future, and they are motivated to set the stage for treatment success by establishing ongoing relationships with highly competent healthcare providers, and by being diagnosed as early as possible. Conclusions: Cancer care has strong effects beyond the cancer patient herself, affecting the decision-making processes and the prevention-related decisions of loved ones as well. Future prevention research for women at elevated risk should consider how their prior experiences with the cancer of friends or family members structure women's expectations of cancer risk, prevention, and outcomes.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Geographic Heterogeneity of Tobacco Environment in Missouri
Authors: Lian M , Sefko J , Struthers J , Schootman M
Published: March 2016

Purpose: To examine neighborhood characteristics associated with geographic distribution of tobacco sale outlets in Missouri. Methods: We obtained the addresses of tobacco outlets in Missouri from the Missouri Department of Mental Health. We geocoded these addresses and computed the outlet density by 5-digit ZIP codes. Using the data from the 2008–2012 American Community Survey, we developed a ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-level socioeconomic deprivation (SED) index. We analyzed the relationships of tobacco outlet density with neighborhood SED index and five separate socioeconomic indicators (%population with less than high school, %population unemployed, %households below the poverty, % population under the poverty, and %African Americans). Results: There were more than 5,000 tobacco retailers within Missouri in January, 2014. The number of tobacco retailers ranged from 0 to 56 (median = 2) per ZIP code, while tobacco outlet density ranged from 0 to 29 per 1,000 persons age 18+ (median: 1.18). Tobacco outlet density was significantly correlated with neighborhood SED (rho = 0.21, P < 0.001). The consistency of quartiles of both variables was also statistically significant (weighted Kappa = 0.11, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that neighborhood SED was associated with more than 3 times higher odds of denser tobacco outlets (>median density) (the most vs. least deprived quartile: odd ratio = 3.24, 95% confidence interval = 2.26–4.65). Similar results were also found for each of the five individual socioeconomic indicators. Conclusion: Geographic distribution of tobacco retailing outlets was strongly associated with neighborhood SED environment. Neighborhoods with greater SED condition were also more likely to have a higher density of tobacco retailing outlets in Missouri. Our finding implies that higher accessibility to tobacco retailing outlets might play an important role in geographic SED disparity in smoking. Future studies should examine the degree to which neighborhood SED effect on smoking behaviors is mediated by higher accessibility to tobacco retailing outlets. This insight can help policy-makers develop appropriate geographic priority to effectively allocate tobacco control programs to reduce cigarette smoking in Missouri.
Effects of Surgical vs. Non-Surgical Weight Loss on Mammary Tumor Burden
Authors: Rossi EL , Bowers LW , Khatib SA , Smith LA , Doerstling SS , Lewis A , Seeley RJ , Hursting SD
Published: March 2016

Background: Obesity is associated with increased incidence of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), the most aggressive and lethal breast cancer subtype. Epidemiological data is conflicting on whether weight loss offers protection against BLBC in obese women; only interventions that typically result in significant sustained weight loss, such as bariatric surgery, produce a consistent anti-cancer benefit. Purpose: We sought to determine the differential effects of surgical and non-surgical weight loss interventions on inflammation, metabolic hormones and tumor burden in a mouse model of pre- menopausal breast cancer. Methods: Mice were fed a low fat control (Con) or high fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) regimen for 15 weeks to model chronic obesity. Obese mice were then randomized to continue the DIO diet (Obese) or receive a surgical or diet weight loss intervention, resulting in formerly obese (FOb)-Surg or FOb-Diet, respectively. FOb-Surg mice were subject to sleeve gastrectomy (∼70% of the stomach excised), while FOb-Diet mice received a low fat diet. FOb-Surg and FOb-Diet mice normalized body weight and body fat percentage to levels seen in the Con group. After weights stabilized, all mice were orthotopically injected with E0771 mammary tumor cells, which model BLBC. Results: At study endpoint, the average tumor weight in FOb-Surg mice was statistically equivalent to Con mice that maintained a healthy weight throughout study. However, the average tumor weight in FOb-Diet mice was statistically equivalent to Obese mice, both groups significantly greater than Con mice. Additionally, FOb-Surg had statistically lower serum insulin and interleukin-6 compared to FOb-Diet and Obese mice, suggesting that the sleeve gastrectomy more effectively reduced obesity-associated inflammation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the anti-cancer benefit seen with bariatric surgery may be related to a significant reduction in systemic inflammation and growth factor signaling, which did not occur with non-surgical weight loss despite an equivalent amount of weight and body fat loss in FOb-Diet mice. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of bariatric surgery against breast cancer could help identify new targets and strategies for breaking the obesity-cancer link.
Expression of GRP78, Master Regulator of the Unfolded Protein Response, Increases Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gifford Jenifer B. , Huang Wei , Zeleniak Ann E. , Hindoyan Antreas , Wu Hong , Donahue Timothy R. , Hill Reginald
Published: March 2016

The prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is dismal. Although gemcitabine (GEM) is the standard chemotherapeutic agent for adjuvant therapy of resectable PDAC, recurrent disease is observed in an alarming number of GEM-treated patients. Regardless of the adjuvant therapy, the vast majority of patients treated with chemotherapy after surgical resection show tumor recurrence. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to chemoresistance would aid the development of more effective treatment strategies. GRP78 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein that primarily resides in the lumen of the ER and is the master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we report that expression of GRP78 is significantly higher in GEM-resistant PDAC compared to GEM-sensitive PDAC patient samples. We show that GRP78 induces chemoresistance in PDAC cells. Our results also show that knockdown of GRP78 reduces chemoresistance in PDAC. Finally, we found that IT-139, a ruthenium-based anticancer drug, can overcome GRP78-mediated chemoresistance. In vitro, IT-139 restores sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs in drug-resistant PDAC cells and induces twice as much cell death in combination treatment compared with GEM alone. In vivo, a single weekly IT-139 treatment in combination with GEM caused a 35% increase in median survival and a 25% increase in overall survival compared to GEM alone. Collectively, our data show that GRP78 expression promotes chemoresistance in PDAC and therapeutic strategies, blocking the activity of GRP78 increases the efficacy of currently available therapies. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 1043–52. ©2016 AACR.
ESTIGMA E TRANSTORNO MENTAL: PERSPECTIVA DO TERAPEUTA OCUPACIONAL
Authors: Uemura Laila , Mariotti Milton Carlos , Palm Rosibeth Del Carmen Munõz
Published: March 2016

O estigma é um fator que pode interferir no desempenho ocupacional dos indivíduos com transtorno mental, desde sua busca por trabalho até em suas relações sociais. Esta situação pode ocorrer a partir dos familiares, colegas, vizinhos, como também dos profissionais da saúde mental. Objetivos: verificar a perspectiva dos terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam na saúde mental em Curitiba e região metropolitana a respeito do Estigma. Metodologia: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal e de cunho exploratório. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário fechado e foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados. Resultado: Os profissionais que atuam na saúde mental em Curitiba e Região Metropolitana demonstraram compreensão do estigma para os indivíduos com transtorno mental em grande parte do questionário e apresentaram incertezas quanto a própria sensação de estigma. Conclusão: Foi possível perceber a perspectiva do terapeuta ocupacional em relação aos estigmas de indivíduos com transtorno mental, que estiveram de acordo com a maior parte dos dados encontrados na literatura internacional.
As alterações nos papéis ocupacionais de cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência visual.
Authors: Barrozo Bianca Maciel , Nobre Maria Inês Rubo , Montilha Rita de Cássia Ieto
Published: March 2016

Introdução: A deficiência visual traz mudanças e reorganizações na vida ocupacional da pessoa que a tem e de seus familiares/cuidadores. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil e conhecer a configuração dos papéis ocupacionais dos cuidadores informais de pessoas com deficiência visual, atendidos em um centro universitário de pesquisa em uma cidade de grande porte. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e transversal, que foi realizado utilizando aplicação do instrumento “Lista de Identificação dos Papéis Ocupacionais”. Participaram da pesquisa 17 sujeitos. A análise estatística foi realizada baseada nas frequências. Resultados: Nota-se que a maioria dos cuidadores é do sexo feminino 82% (n=14), sendo 64% (n=11) mães, em relação à ocupação 65% (n=11) não trabalham e 59% (n=10) tem baixa escolaridade. Observa-se que todos os papéis ocupacionais apresentaram diminuição nas frequências de realizações do passado para o presente, ou seja, antes do cuidar, mais papéis ocupacionais eram realizados pelos sujeitos pesquisados do que após o início do cuidar. Dentre esses papéis ocupacionais, os que mais sofreram quedas foram os de trabalhador (65%/n=11), estudante (59%/n=10) e membro familiar (24%/n=4). Conclusão: O cuidar de uma pessoa com deficiência visual, neste estudo, mostrou consequências importantes como perdas ou mudanças de papéis ocupacionais, principalmente o de trabalhador, bem como alterações na rotina e sobrecarga.