bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weber, Max (1864–1920)
Authors: Breiner Peter
Published: August 2023

Though originally trained as a jurist before turning to political economy, Max Weber is today typically identified with his approach to sociology and his methodological cautions on what social science can and cannot do. However, his reputation as a founder of sociology has its roots in his encounter with political economy. As an economist, Weber sought to steer between the German historical political economy that derived economic institutions from the national culture in which they had developed and the new economic theory of marginal utility that derived general laws from formal deductive models. But he realized he could only resolve this dispute through sociology. From that viewpoint he wrote groundbreaking articles on the methodology of the social sciences, studies of the origins of capitalist development includingThe Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, studies on the economic ethics of world religions, and above all, inquiries laying out the variety of ideal types of social action and social relations, culminating in his massive unfinishedEconomy and Society.
Whitman, Walt (1819–92)
Authors: Erkkila Betsy
Published: August 2023

The publication ofLeaves of Grasson or about July 4, 1855 represented an act of political and aesthetic revolution. Printed at Whitman's expense, the volume bore no author's name, only a daguerreotype engraving of the poet, dressed as a workingman, which appeared opposite the title page. The 12 untitled poems were introduced by a prose preface in which the poet declared America's literary independence. In the first and longest poem (later entitled “Song of Myself”), the poet named himself: “Walt Whitman, an American, one of the roughs, a kosmos, / Disorderly fleshy and sensual … eating drinking and breeding” (1996: 50).
Women's Suffrage
Authors: López‐Guerra Claudio
Published: August 2023

Women have been denied political rights in most times and places. The modern chapter of this unfortunate story consists of their exclusion from the electorate in representative systems. Prior to the second half of the twentieth century, most polities around the world required persons to be male, among other things, in order to enjoy the right of suffrage.
Young, Iris Marion (1949–2006)
Authors: Weldon Laurel
Published: August 2023

Iris Marion Young was a social and political theorist, philosopher, and social critic whose scholarship sought to understand and expose the deep problems of group domination and oppression in their many forms. Drawing on intellectual innovations of contemporary social movements as well as concepts in Continental, liberal, and feminist social and political theory, Young delineated the various dimensions of these problems. She cast them as being fundamentally aboutpower, as problems of structural inequality that advantaged some social groups and disadvantaged others. Her work contributed both directly and indirectly to policy debates about how best to address problems of inequality and domination, and sparked many lively debates about contemporary political issues including representation, justice, multiculturalism, gender, body politics, and identity politics. Her work has thus been influential in both theoretical and applied fields as well as in a wide range of areas of philosophical and scholarly endeavor, from aesthetics, literary theory, and political theory to public policy and sociological theory.
Žižek, Slavoj (1949–)
Authors: Dean Jodi
Published: August 2023

Slavoj Žižek was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia (at the time part of Yugloslavia) in 1949. He studied philosophy and psychoanalysis and was active in the intellectual dissident scene, part of the critical ferment preceding the collapse of Yugoslavia. Unable to find employment as an academic, Žižek worked as a clerk for the Central Committee of the League of Slovene Communists before securing a position as a researcher at the Institute for Sociology in Ljubljana in 1979. Much of his intellectual output in this period was connected with the projects of a close group of theorists engaged in rereading Hegel and Althusser through the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan, most notably Mladen Dolar and Alenka Zupančič. The group had various publishing ventures, including a book series,
Analecta
, and a journal,
Problemi
. Žižek also wrote a regular column for a popular weekly,
Mladina
. In 1990, he ran for a seat in the four‐member presidency of the Republic of Slovenia as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (which opposed communism and nationalism), coming in fifth.
The Distance Between Phosphate‐Based Polyanionic Compounds and Their Practical Application For Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Shi Xiaoyan , Yang Zhuo , Zhou Xunzhu , Li Lin , Ma Chang‐Qi , Chou Shulei
Published: August 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are a viable alternative to meet the requirements of future large‐scale energy storage systems due to the uniform distribution and abundant sodium resources. Among the various cathode materials for SIBs, phosphate‐based polyanionic compounds exhibit excellent sodium‐storage properties, such as high operation voltage, remarkable structural stability, and superior safety. However, their undesirable electronic conductivities and specific capacities limit their application in large‐scale energy storage systems. Herein, the development history and recent progress of phosphate‐based polyanionic cathodes are first overviewed. Subsequently, the effective modification strategies of phosphate‐based polyanionic cathodes are summarized toward high‐performance SIBs, including surface coating, morphological control, ion doping, and electrolyte optimization. Besides, the electrochemical performance, cost, and industrialization analysis of phosphate‐based polyanionic cathodes for SIBs are discussed for accelerating commercialization development. Finally, the future directions of phosphate‐based polyanionic cathodes are comprehensively concluded. It is believed that this review can provide instructive insight into developing practical phosphate‐based polyanionic cathodes for SIBs.
Polymer and photo‐selective covers on plant and fruit development: A review
Authors: Pandey Gareema , Parks Sophie , Thomas Richard G.
Published: August 2023

Growers have increasingly adopted protected cropping in tunnels or greenhouses to ensure sustainability and continuous crop productivity against a backdrop of climate change. The predominant types of covers used in controlled‐environment agriculture are polymer‐based shade nets or structures covered with polymer sheets. These have three main functions: (1) physical protection from birds, hail, and excessive radiation; (2) modification of the environment by controlling humidity, shade, and temperature; and (3) increasing the proportion of diffuse light. In order to address concerns regarding the amounts of useful light potentially blocked by these covers, researchers and growers have suggested several innovative solutions that involve altering the light received by plants. This includes supplementation of artificial illumination, filtering solar radiation with colored films, or altering the incident spectrum with spectral‐shifting covers containing light‐emitting fluorescent compounds embedded within a polymer matrix. In principle, any of these methods have the potential to selectively modify the spectrum of incident light and subsequently induce plant physiological responses, resulting in increased crop yield, improved fruit quality, and reduced susceptibility to pests and diseases. This review focuses on the benefits offered by passive covers in terms of their variable shading and light transmittance properties and their effects on vegetative growth and fruit development in various crops. It is anticipated that through a better understanding of photo‐selective covers in protected cropping, primary producers will be better equipped to make informed decisions regarding their deployment and thereby achieve better yields and more nutritious produce from their crops.
Fluoranthene determination based on a rapid and sensitive syringe extraction and solid‐phase fluorescence technique
Authors: Shen Jiayan , Li Long , Xu Kehan , Wang Kaijun , Du Yiping , Wu Ting , Deng Huipeng
Published: August 2023

A rapid and sensitive strategy was proposed for the detection of fluoranthene (FL), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), in water samples. In this work, syringe solid‐phase extraction (SPE) combined with solid‐phase fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine FL in PAHs polluted environmental samples. The fluorescence signals were directly monitored on the membrane surface after FL was enriched by syringe SPE. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method showed a linear relationship in the concentration range 2–50 μg/L with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998, and the limit of detection was 0.143 μg/L. The recoveries varied from 93.47% to 109.81% in the actual samples, with the relative standard deviations (n = 3) ranging from 2.06% to 6.32%. According to the results, the established method can be applied in the field of rapid detection as it is fast, simple, portable, and highly sensitive, and has strong anti‐interference.
Beryllium‐Mediated Halide and Aryl Transfer onto Silicon
Authors: Buchner Magnus R. , Dankert Fabian , Berthold Chantsalmaa , Müller Matthias , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: August 2023

The reactivity of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) towards BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2 and [Be3Ph6]3 was investigated. While BeCl2 only showed unselective reactivity, BeBr2, BeI2 and [Be3Ph6] cleanly react to the trinuclear complexes [Be3Br2(OSiMe2Br)4], [Be3I2(OSiMe2I)4] and [Be3Ph2(OSiMe2Ph)4]. These unprecedented bromide, iodide and phenyl transfer reactions from a group II metal onto silicon offer a versatile access to previously unknown diorgano bromo and iodo silanolates.
Exploring the relationship between emotion regulation, inhibitory control, and eating psychopathology in a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Ramos Rita , Vaz Ana Rita , Rodrigues Tânia F. , Baenas Isabel , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Machado Paulo P. P.
Published: August 2023

Objective

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in inhibitory control, and the role of these processes in eating psychopathology in a non‐clinical sample. We also explored the specificity in which deficits in inhibitory control may underlie eating psychopathology, namely whether they can be conceptualised as context specific or more extensive in nature.

Method

Participants were 107 healthy individuals recruited at a major Portuguese university, aged between 18 and 43 years‐old (M = 21.23, SD = 4.79). Two computerised neuropsychological tasks (i.e., emotional go/no‐go and food go/no‐go tasks) were used to assess response inhibition in the presence of general versus context‐specific stimuli. A set of self‐report measures was used to assess variables of interest such as emotion regulation and eating psychopathology.

Results

Results indicated higher response inhibition deficits among participants with higher difficulties in emotion regulation comparing to those with lower difficulties in emotion regulation, particularly in the context of food‐related stimuli. In addition, the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and eating psychopathology was moderated by inhibitory control deficits in both the context of food and pleasant stimuli.

Conclusions

The present findings highlight inhibitory control as an important process underlying the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and eating psychopathology in non‐clinical samples. Findings have important implications for clinical practice and the prevention of eating psychopathology in healthy individuals and individuals with eating disorders.
Synthesis of (1R)‐1‐(4‐Bromophenyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethan‐1‐amine Hydrochloride through Diastereoselective Trifluoromethylation of a Chiral Sulfinimine
Authors: Wolleb Helene , Bonina Francesco , Udry Megan , Reber Stefan , Blumer Nicole , Leuenberger Daniel , Schäfer Gabriel
Published: August 2023

An efficient three‐step synthesis of (1R)‐1‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethan‐1‐amine hydrochloride (1) starting from inexpensive and readily available starting materials was developed. The sequence features a highly diastereoselective trifluoromethylation of a chiral sulfinimine using the Rupert–Prakash reagent TMSCF3 in combination with K3PO4 as an initiator. The diastereomeric purity of the resulting sulfinamide was further improved by direct precipitation of the desired diastereomer from the reaction mixture upon addition of water. The chiral auxiliary was then removed under acidic conditions, resulting in the isolation of chiral benzylamine 1 as its hydrochloride salt in 71 % overall yield and excellent purity (LC/MS: >99 % a/a; e.r.=99 : 1).
Establishing a patient‐centered, multidisciplinary pharmacogenomics clinic in an academic health system: Successes, challenges, and future direction
Authors: Hoffecker Glenda , Cayabyab Mari , Varughese Lisa A. , Asher Stephanie Byers , Bajaj Archna , Tuteja Sony
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing uses a patient's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profile to tailor medications with the goal of preventing adverse drug reactions and improving pharmacotherapy outcomes. Despite the availability of evidence‐based guidelines that assist with interpretation of PGx results, PGx testing has not been widely adopted.

Objective

To describe how a multidisciplinary PGx clinic was implemented within the University of Pennsylvania Health System (Penn Medicine) including the clinical workflow, challenges to implementation, and future directions.

Methods

This project qualified as Quality Improvement by the University of Pennsylvania's Institutional Review Board and adheres to the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) 2.0 guidelines. Clinic metrics were collected from February 2019 until December 2022. Data collected included patient demographics; the timing of PGx test ordering and appointments; number and frequency of actionable PGx phenotypes; number of current or historical medications impacted by PGx test results; and patient's out‐of‐pocket cost for PGx test.

Results

Of the 69 patients included, the majority were female (58%), white (84%), with a mean age of 48 years. The overall time between the dates of the PGx test order and clinic visit was 37 days. The time between the dates of the PGx test order and the PGx test results were generated was 18 days. All patients had at least one actionable PGx phenotype and 74% had three or more. The most frequent actionable phenotypes were found in the cytochrome P450 PC19 (CYPC19) (60%) and CYP2D6 (58%) genes. The percentage of patients that had drug‐gene interactions that affected their current medications and explained historical medication intolerances were 25% and 17%, respectively. Out‐of‐pocket costs were less than $300 for most patients who had a PGx test ordered by the clinic physician.

Conclusion

This paper has established a sustainable PGx clinic workflow with dedicated personnel. In the future we intend to increase the availability of our services.
Recent Progress in Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Developing Physiological In Vitro Organ/Tissue Models
Authors: Kim Dohui , Youn Jaeseung , Lee Jisang , Kim Hyeonji , Kim Dong Sung
Published: August 2023

Nanofiber membranes (NFMs), which have an extracellular matrix‐mimicking structure and unique physical properties, have garnered great attention as biomimetic materials for developing physiologically relevant in vitro organ/tissue models. Recent progress in NFM fabrication techniques immensely contributes to the development of NFM‐based cell culture platforms for constructing physiological organ/tissue models. However, despite the significance of the NFM fabrication technique, an in‐depth discussion of the fabrication technique and its future aspect is insufficient. This review provides an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art of NFM fabrication techniques from electrospinning techniques to postprocessing techniques for the fabrication of various types of NFM‐based cell culture platforms. Moreover, the advantages of the NFM‐based culture platforms in the construction of organ/tissue models are discussed especially for tissue barrier models, spheroids/organoids, and biomimetic organ/tissue constructs. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives on challenges and future directions for fabrication and utilization of NFMs.
Factors affecting performance of fetal blood T2 measurements for noninvasive estimation of oxygen saturation
Authors: Hedström Erik , Piek Marjolein , Bidhult‐Johansson Sebastian , Ryd Daniel , Testud Frederik , Töger Johannes , Aletras Anthony H.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To ultimately make accurate and precise fetal noninvasive oxygen saturation (sO2) measurements by T2‐prepared bSSFP more widely available by systematically assessing error sources in order to potentially reduce perinatal mortality in cardiovascular malformations and fetal growth restriction.

Methods

T2‐prepared bSSFP data were acquired in phantoms; in flowing blood in adults in the superior sagittal sinus, ascending and descending aorta, and main pulmonary artery; and in the fetal descending aorta and umbilical vein. T2 was assessed in relation to T2 two‐ or three‐parameter curve‐fitting techniques, SSFP readout, refocusing time delay (τ), constant and pulsatile blood flow, and impact of T1 recovery. Further, fetal T2 and sO2 variability were quantified in the descending aorta and umbilical vein in healthy fetuses and fetuses with cardiovascular malformation (gestational weeks 32–38).

Results

In phantoms, three‐parameter fitting was accurate irrespective of phase FOV (<4 ms; i.e., <2%), and T2 was overestimated (up to 23 ms/10%; p = 0.001) beyond ±30 Hz off‐resonance. In the adult aorta, T2 was underestimated during higher blood flow velocities and pulsatility for τ = 16 ms (−41 ms/−17%; p = 0.008). In fetuses, two‐parameter fitting overestimated T2 compared with three‐parameter fitting (+33 ms/+18%; p = 0.03). T2 variability was 18 ms/15% in the fetal descending aorta and 28 ms/14% in the umbilical vein. The resulting estimated sO2 variability was ∼10% (15% of sO2 value) in the fetal descending aorta.

Conclusions

Errors due to T2‐fitting techniques, off‐resonance, flow velocity, and insufficient T1 recovery between image acquisitions could be mitigated by using three‐parameter fitting with included saturation‐prepared images approximating infinite T2‐preparation time, adequate shimming covering the fetus and placenta, and by modifying acquisition parameters. Variability in fetal blood T2 and sO2, however, indicate that it is currently not feasible to use these methods for prediction of disease.
Spatial and Spectral Components of the BOLD Global Signal in Rat Resting‐State Functional MRI
Authors: Anumba Nmachi , Maltbie Eric , Pan Wen‐Ju , LaGrow Theodore J. , Xu Nan , Keilholz Shella
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI), the global signal average captures widespread fluctuations related to unwanted sources of variance such as motion and respiration, as well as widespread neural activity; however, relative contributions of neural and non‐neural sources to the global signal remain poorly understood. This study sought to tackle this problem through the comparison of the BOLD global signal to an adjacent non‐brain tissue signal, where neural activity was absent, from the same rs‐fMRI scan obtained from anesthetized rats. In this dataset, motion was minimal and ventilation was phase‐locked to image acquisition to minimize respiratory fluctuations. Data were acquired using three different anesthetics: isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, and a combination of dexmedetomidine and light isoflurane.

Methods

A power spectral density estimate, a voxel‐wise spatial correlation via Pearson's correlation, and a co‐activation pattern analysis were performed using the global signal and the non‐brain tissue signal. Functional connectivity was calculated using Pearson's linear correlation on default mode network (DMN) regions.

Results

We report differences in the spectral composition of the two signals and show spatial selectivity within DMN structures that show an increased correlation to the global signal and decreased intra‐network connectivity after global signal regression. All of the observed differences between the global signal and the non‐brain tissue signal were maintained across anesthetics.

Conclusion

These results show that the global signal is distinct from the noise contained in the tissue signal, as support for a neural contribution. This study provides a unique perspective to the contents of the global signal and their origins.
Alternating Look‐Locker for quantitative T1, T1ρ and B13D MRI mapping
Authors: Wu Lin , Carchi Chris , Michaeli Shalom , Mangia Silvia , Idiyatullin Djaudat
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To develop a new MRI method, entitled alternating Look‐Locker (aLL), for quantitative , , and 3D mapping.

Methods

A Look‐Locker scheme that alternates magnetization from +Z and −Z axes of the laboratory frame is utilized in combination with a 3D Multi‐Band Sweep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (MB‐SWIFT) readout. The analytical solution describing the spin evolution during aLL, as well as the correction required for segmented acquisition were derived. The simultaneous and mapping are demonstrated on an agar/saline phantom and on an in‐vivo rat head. relaxation was achieved by cyclically applying magnetization preparation (MP) modules consisting of two adiabatic pulses. values in the rat brain in‐vivo and in a gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) phantom were compared to those obtained with a previously introduced steady‐state (SS) method.

Results

The accuracy and precision of the analytical solution was tested by Bloch simulations. With the application of MP modules, the aLL method provides simultaneous and maps. Conversely, without it, the method can be used for simultaneous and mapping. values were similar with both aLL and SS techniques. However, the aLL method resulted in more robust quantitative mapping compared to the SS method. Unlike the SS method, the aLL method does not require additional scans for generating maps.

Conclusion

The proposed method offers a new flexible tool for quantitative mapping of , , and . The aLL method can also be used with readout schemes different from MB‐SWIFT.
High Selective Detection of Trace Lead Ions via Substitution‐triggered Chemiluminescence Enhancement
Authors: Li Hongrui , Hou Yue
Published: August 2023

Lead ion (Pb2+) is a high‐hazardously heavy metal ion in surroundings that even ppb level can cause mental decline and behavioral difficulties especially in children. However, the recognition and detection of Pb2+ are still challenging. Here, a high selective and ultra‐sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method was established based on the substitution mechanism between Pb2+ and the metal–organic framework – Cu‐MOF‐74. Pb2+ can specifically substitute Cu active sites in Cu‐MOF‐74 and released Cu sites, strongly amplifying the CL emission of the luminol‐hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system. A linear response for Pb2+ detection in the range of 0.5–50 nM with a detection limit of 0.3 nM was realized. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully implemented on a paper‐based analytical device with favorable fabrication and operational features for Pb2+ determination in water samples. It offers a new strategy to design high selective and sensitive sensors for the heavy metal ions monitoring.
Serous surface papillary borderline ovarian tumors: correlation of sonographic features with clinic pathological findings
Authors: Wang D. , Su N. , Wang R. , Zhang L. , Qi Z. , Liu Z. , Yang J. , Leng J. , Xiang Y. ,   Collaborators
Published: August 2023

Serous surface papillary borderline ovarian tumor (SSPBOT) is a distinct subtype of serous borderline ovarian tumor characterized by solid tissue deposition confined to the ovarian surface. Because SSPBOT is rare, there are few published reports on the ultrasonographic features of this condition. In this retrospective study, we investigated 12 cases of SSPBOT. Ultrasound imaging of SSPBOT showed grossly normal ovaries that were encased partially or wholly by tumor deposits that were confined to the surface, with clear demarcation between normal ovarian tissue and surrounding tumors. Color Doppler imaging demonstrated the ‘fireworks sign’ in all cases of SSPBOT, corresponding to an intratumoral vascular bundle originating from the ovarian vessels and supplying hierarchical branching blood flow to the surrounding tumor. No patient with ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma showed these morphological and Doppler features. In our series, the fireworks sign appeared to be a characteristic feature of SSPBOT that could facilitate correct identification of this tumor. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Epidemiology of dog bites to people in Uruguay (2010–2020)
Authors: Román Javier , Willat Gabriela , Piaggio José , Correa María T. , Damián Juan Pablo
Published: August 2023

Background

Dog bites to people are a serious public health problem. Limited information exists at the country level in Latin America. The COVID‐19 pandemic changed people's lifestyles and their relationship with pets, and this could potentially affect the incidence of dog bites injuries.

Objective

The main objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of dog‐bite injuries in Uruguay from 2010 to 2020 and to compare the prevalence in 2020 to that of pre‐pandemic years.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. Dog‐bite notifications for the 2010 and 2020 period were analysed using data from the Uruguayan Ministry of Public Health.

Results

The annual dog‐bite injury rate for the 2010–2020 period was 87.51 per 100,000 people. The frequency of bites varied with the victims’ sex, with males accounting for 51.8% of the bites (p < 0.0001), and with age, with a higher frequency of bites in the ≤14 years old age group (p < 0.01). The frequency of dog bites was also higher in spring and summer than in autumn (p < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the frequency of dog‐bite injuries when comparing 2020 with the pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic years.

Conclusions

In Uruguay, the frequency of dog‐bite injuries varied with season and with the age and sex of the victim. In the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the number of people bitten by dogs was no different than that of previous years. This is the first study in Latin America to report national rather than regional data and to include all age groups.
Impact of CP violation searches at MOMENT experiment with sterile neutrino
Authors: Sharma Kiran , Patra Sudhanwa
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We examine the scope of the MOMENT experiment in the context of CP violation searches with the presence of extra eV scale sterile neutrino. MOMENT is a proposed medium baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using muon beams for neutrinos production, making it advantageous over π0 background and other technical difficulties. We work over the first oscillation maxima which matches the peak value of flux with a run time of 5 years for both neutrino and anti-neutrino modes. We perform the bi-probability studies for both 3 and 3+1 flavor mixing schemes. The CP violation sensitivities arising from the fundamental CP phase δ13 and unknown CP phase δ14 are explored at the firm footing. Slight deteriorations are observed in CP violations induced by δ13 as the presence of sterile neutrino is considered. We also look at the reconstruction of CP violations phases δ13 and δ14 and the MOMENT experiment shows significant capabilities in the precise measurement of δ13 phase.
Soft phonon theorems
Authors: Cheung Clifford , Derda Maria , Helset Andreas , Parra-Martinez Julio
Published: August 2023

Abstract

A variety of condensed matter systems describe gapless modes that can be interpreted as Nambu-Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken Poincaré symmetry. In this paper we derive new soft theorems constraining the tree-level scattering of these degrees of freedom, as exhibited in solids, fluids, superfluids, and framids. These soft theorems are in one-to-one correspondence with various broken symmetries, including spacetime translations, Lorentz boosts, and, for the case of fluids, volume-preserving diffeomorphisms. We also implement a bootstrap in which the enhanced vanishing of amplitudes in the soft limit is taken as an input, thus sculpting out a subclass of exceptional solid, fluid, and framid theories.
SGLT5 is the renal transporter for 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major player in two rare forms of neutropenia
Authors: Diederich Jennifer , Mounkoro Pierre , Tirado Hernan A. , Chevalier Nathalie , Van Schaftingen Emile , Veiga-da-Cunha Maria
Published: August 2023

Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) and severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (SCN4), associated with deficiencies of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT/SLC37A4) and the phosphatase G6PC3, respectively, are the result of the accumulation of 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate in neutrophils. This is an inhibitor of hexokinase made from 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), an abundant polyol in blood. 1,5-AG is presumed to be reabsorbed in the kidney by a sodium-dependent-transporter of uncertain identity, possibly SGLT4/SLC5A9 or SGLT5/SLC5A10. Lowering blood 1,5-AG with an SGLT2-inhibitor greatly improved neutrophil counts and function in G6PC3-deficient and GSD1b patients. Yet, this effect is most likely mediated indirectly, through the inhibition of the renal 1,5-AG transporter by glucose, when its concentration rises in the renal tubule following inhibition of SGLT2. To identify the 1,5-AG transporter, both human and mouse SGLT4 and SGLT5 were expressed in HEK293T cells and transport measurements were performed with radiolabelled compounds. We found that SGLT5 is a better carrier for 1,5-AG than for mannose, while the opposite is true for human SGLT4. Heterozygous variants in SGLT5, associated with a low level of blood 1,5-AG in humans cause a 50–100% reduction in 1,5-AG transport activity tested in model cell lines, indicating that SGLT5 is the predominant kidney 1,5-AG transporter. These and other findings led to the conclusion that (1) SGLT5 is the main renal transporter of 1,5-AG; (2) frequent heterozygous mutations (allelic frequency > 1%) in SGLT5 lower blood 1,5-AG, favourably influencing neutropenia in G6PC3 or G6PT deficiency; (3) the effect of SGLT2-inhibitors on blood 1,5-AG level is largely indirect; (4) specific SGLT5-inhibitors would be more efficient to treat these neutropenias than SGLT2-inhibitors.
Sex and age differences in mice models of effort-based decision-making and anergia in depression: the role of dopamine, and cerebral-dopamine-neurotrophic-factor
Authors: Matas-Navarro Paula , Carratalá-Ros Carla , Olivares-García Régulo , Martínez-Verdú Andrea , Salamone John D. , Correa Mercè
Published: August 2023

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) regulates vigor in motivated behavior. While previous results have mainly been performed in male rodents, the present studies compared CD1 male and female mice in effort-based decision-making tests of motivation. These tests offered choices between several reinforcers that require different levels of effort (progressive ratio/choice task and 3-choice-T-maze task). Sweet reinforcers were used in both tasks. In the operant tasks, females worked harder as the task required more effort to access a 10% sucrose solution. Although males and females did not differ in preference for 10% vs 3% solutions under free concurrent presentation, females consumed more of the 10% solution when tested alone. The operant task requires a long period of training and changes in the DA system due to age can be mediating long-term changes in effort. Thus, age and sex factors were evaluated in the T-maze task, which requires only a short training period. Both sexes and ages were equally active when habituated to the running wheel (RW), but females consumed more sweet pellets than males, especially at an older age. Both sexes had a strong preference for the RW compared to more sedentary reinforcers in the 3-choice-T-maze test, but older animals spent less time running and ate more than the young ones. The DA-depleting agent tetrabenazine reduced time running in older mice but not in adolescents. Cerebral-dopamine-neurotrophic-factor was reduced in older mice of both sexes compared to adolescent mice. These results emphasize the importance of taking into account differences in sex and age when evaluating willingness to exert effort for specific reinforcers.
D3Creatine Dilution as a Direct, Non-invasive and Accurate Measurement of Muscle Mass for Aging Research
Authors: Evans William J. , Cawthon Peggy M.
Published: August 2023

Initial definitions of sarcopenia included the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass that was presumed to be associated with late-life reduced functional capacity, disability and loss of independence. Because no method for determination of muscle mass was available for large cohort studies of aging men and women, lean body mass determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance was used as a surrogate measure of muscle mass. The data from these studies showed either no or a poor relationship between LBM and functional capacity and health related outcomes, leading to the conclusion of many that the amount of muscle may not be associated with these age-associated outcomes. It was assumed that some undefined index of muscle quality is the critical contributor. These studies also consistently showed that muscle strength is lost more quickly than lean mass. Total body muscle mass can now be measured directly, accurately and non-invasively using the D3creatine (D3Cr) dilution method. D3Cr muscle mass, but not DXA derived LBM, is strongly associated with functional capacity, falls and insulin resistance in older men and women. In addition, D3Cr muscle mass is associated with risk of disability, hip fracture and mortality. New and emerging data demonstrate that low muscle mass may serve as a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia.
The Bcm rule allows a spinal cord model to learn rhythmic movements
Authors: Kohler Matthias , Röhrbein Florian , Knoll Alois , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Jörntell Henrik
Published: August 2023

Currently, it is accepted that animal locomotion is controlled by a central pattern generator in the spinal cord. Experiments and models show that rhythm generating neurons and genetically determined network properties could sustain oscillatory output activity suitable for locomotion. However, current central pattern generator models do not explain how a spinal cord circuitry, which has the same basic genetic plan across species, can adapt to control the different biomechanical properties and locomotion patterns existing in these species. Here we demonstrate that rhythmic and alternating movements in pendulum models can be learned by a monolayer spinal cord circuitry model using the Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro learning rule, which has been previously proposed to explain learning in the visual cortex. These results provide an alternative theory to central pattern generator models, because rhythm generating neurons and genetically defined connectivity are not required in our model. Though our results are not in contradiction to current models, as existing neural mechanism and structures, not used in our model, can be expected to facilitate the kind of learning demonstrated here. Therefore, our model could be used to augment existing models.
Optimal regularity of isoperimetric sets with Hölder densities
Authors: Beck Lisa , Cinti Eleonora , Seis Christian
Published: August 2023

We establish a regularity result for optimal sets of the isoperimetric problem with double density under mild ($$\alpha $$
α
-)Hölder regularity assumptions on the density functions. Our main Theorem improves some previous results and allows to reach in any dimension the regularity class $$C^{1,\frac{\alpha }{2-\alpha }}$$

C

1
,

α

2
-
α

. This class is indeed the optimal one for local minimizers of variational functionals with an integrand that depends $$\alpha $$
α
-Hölder continuous on the minimizer itself, and as such can (the boundary of) the isoperimetric set be locally written (with additional constraint).
The Red Flysch Formation in Southern Apennines: Lithological and Structural Features and Challenges in Geotechnical Characterization and Modelling
Authors: d’Onofrio A. , Picarelli L. , Santo A. , Urciuoli G.
Published: August 2023

Flysch formations are widespread all around the Mediterranean basin and in many other parts of the world. Their special fabric, characterized by a strong heterogeneity due to alternations of often deformed lapideous and fine-grained layers and by a network of discontinuities, brings to light the strong limitations of the geo-engineering sciences when dealing with such complex materials. Based on the results of an investigation carried out in a long section of the Southern Apennines, the paper examines this problem focusing in particular on the role played by material fabric at different scales on the hydraulic and mechanical behavior of the deposit.
The Viewing Reaction Time as a Diagnostic Tool of Pedohebephilia in the Dunkelfeld
Authors: Amelung Till , Konrad Anna , Beier Klaus M. , Lehmann Robert J. B.
Published: August 2023

Diagnosing pedohebephilia is fraught with obstacles given the tabooed nature of this sexual preference. The viewing reaction time effect (VRT) provides a non-intrusive indirect measure of sexual interest in minors. In forensic populations, the ability of the difference between the latencies while viewing child and adult sexual stimuli (VRT index) to discern child sexual offenders from a range of control groups has been ascertained meta-analytically. Given that the effect has been studied almost exclusively in forensic samples, its dependence or independence on prior overt (deviant) sexual behavior remains unclear. The present study sought to examine the relationship of prior sexual and non-sexual behaviors with the VRT in a sample of 282 self-referring, help-seeking men with and without pedohebephilia with and without a history of prior child sexual offenses (CSO) or a use of child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) recruited outside a forensic context. We found that (1) the clinical diagnosis of pedohebephilia but not prior CSO or CSAM showed a significant association with the VRT index; (2) the discriminatory ability of the VRT index did not differ significantly between samples with and without a history of prior overt sexual behavior with children; (3) the VRT index correlated positively with a behavioral marker of pedohebephilia in a subsample of individuals with prior judicially detected or undetected overt sexual behavior with children; and (4) in the same subsample, the VRT index correlated positively with markers of sexual interests in minors or hypersexuality but not of antisociality. Equivalence testing failed to refute a potential effect of prior sexual behavior on the VRT index. Our study showed that the VRT may provide an unintrusive diagnostic tool for pedohebephilia. The effect of prior overt sexual behavior with children needs further examination.
Extending the network calculus algorithmic toolbox for ultimately pseudo-periodic functions: pseudo-inverse and composition
Authors: Zippo Raffaele , Nikolaus Paul , Stea Giovanni
Published: August 2023

Network Calculus (NC) is an algebraic theory that represents traffic and service guarantees as curves in a Cartesian plane, in order to compute performance guarantees for flows traversing a network. NC uses transformation operations, e.g., min-plus convolution of two curves, to model how the traffic profile changes with the traversal of network nodes. Such operations, while mathematically well-defined, can quickly become unmanageable to compute using simple pen and paper for any non-trivial case, hence the need for algorithmic descriptions. Previous work identified the class of piecewise affine functions which are ultimately pseudo-periodic (UPP) as being closed under the main NC operations and able to be described finitely. Algorithms that embody NC operations taking as operands UPP curves have been defined and proved correct, thus enabling software implementations of these operations. However, recent advancements in NC make use of operations, namely the lower pseudo-inverse, upper pseudo-inverse, and composition, that are well-defined from an algebraic standpoint, but whose algorithmic aspects have not been addressed yet. In this paper, we introduce algorithms for the above operations when operands are UPP curves, thus extending the available algorithmic toolbox for NC. We discuss the algorithmic properties of these operations, providing formal proofs of correctness.
Corporate criminals in a market context: enforcement and optimal sanctions
Authors: Auriol Emmanuelle , Hjelmeng Erling , Søreide Tina
Published: August 2023

By combining approaches from the economic theory of crime and of industrial organization, this paper analyzes optimal enforcement for three different forms of corporate misconduct that harm competition. The analysis shows why corporate crime is more harmful in large markets, why governments have a disinclination to sanction firms whose crime materializes abroad, and why leniency for those who self-report their crime is a complement, and not a substitute, to independent investigation and enforcement. As public authorities rely increasingly on self-reporting by companies to detect cartels, the number of leniency applications is likely to decline, and this is borne out by data. Upon a review of 50 cases of corporate liability from five European countries, competition law enforcement, governed by a unified legal regime, is more efficient than enforcement in bribery and money laundering cases, governed by disparate criminal law regimes. Sanction predictability and transparency are higher when governments cooperate closely with each other in law enforcement, when there are elements of supra-national authority, and when the offense is regulated by a separate legal instrument. Given our results, Europe would benefit from stronger supra-national cooperation in regulation and enforcement of transnational corporate crime, especially for the sake of deterrent penalties against crime committed abroad.
High speed neuromorphic vision-based inspection of countersinks in automated manufacturing processes
Authors: Salah Mohammed , Ayyad Abdulla , Ramadan Mohammed , Abdulrahman Yusra , Swart Dewald , Abusafieh Abdelqader , Seneviratne Lakmal , Zweiri Yahya
Published: August 2023

Countersink inspection is crucial in various automated assembly lines, especially in the aerospace and automotive sectors. Advancements in machine vision introduced automated robotic inspection of countersinks using laser scanners and monocular cameras. Nevertheless, the aforementioned sensing pipelines require the robot to pause on each hole for inspection due to high latency and measurement uncertainties with motion, leading to prolonged execution times of the inspection task. The neuromorphic vision sensor, on the other hand, has the potential to expedite the countersink inspection process, but the unorthodox output of the neuromorphic technology prohibits utilizing traditional image processing techniques. Therefore, novel event-based perception algorithms need to be introduced. We propose a countersink detection approach on the basis of event-based motion compensation and the mean-shift clustering principle. In addition, our framework presents a robust event-based circle detection algorithm to precisely estimate the depth of the countersink specimens. The proposed approach expedites the inspection process by a factor of 10$$\times $$
×
compared to conventional countersink inspection methods. The work in this paper was validated for over 50 trials on three countersink workpiece variants. The experimental results show that our method provides a standard deviation of 0.025 mm and an accuracy of 0.026 mm for countersink depth inspection despite the low resolution of commercially available neuromorphic cameras. Video Link: https://www.dropbox.com/s/pateqqwh4d605t3/final_video_new.mp4?dl=0.
A review on biopolymer-based treatments for consolidation and surface protection of cultural heritage materials
Authors: Caruso Maria Rita , D’Agostino Giulia , Milioto Stefana , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Lazzara Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, the scientific community emphasizes the use of reversible and non-toxic materials in the field of cultural heritage. Biopolymers are one of the alternative materials to synthetic polymers and solvents that are dangerous for human health and for the environment, applied in consolidation and coating treatment. Natural biopolymers may be divided into polysaccharide, protein, and polyester: All of them are low cost, eco-friendly, and biocompatible, besides many physicochemical characteristics such as being transparent, soluble in water, hydrogel, and film-forming, and can be easily functionalized. The addition of nanoclay, essential oil, and active molecules improves the physicochemical properties of biopolymers and proposes smart response abilities to the new composite material. This work is intended to provide an overview of the development of biopolymers by considering the most general aspects and scanning the diverse substrates of application for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage.

Graphical abstract
Stochastic Modeling of Bacterial Population Growth with Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Mansour Mahmoud B. A.
Published: August 2023

In this paper we consider a stochastic model of bacterial population growth with antimicrobial resistance under the influence of random fluctuations. We analyze the model for the problem of persistence and extinction of bacterial cells. This analysis shows asymptotic extinction and conditional persistence for growing population. Moreover, we perform computer simulations in order to illustrate the model behavior. The model results have important implications for the eradication of bacterial cells and the emergence of resistance.
The Portuguese forest and the Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Viegas Miguel , Batista Paulo , Cordovil Francisco
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The article aims to assess the impact of support from the European Union on the prevalence of fires in Portugal. The study has a territorial dimension that identifies the support distribution pattern and the location of forest spaces.

Methods

The study uses several databases on the territory and on the funds of the European Union distributed by the municipalities of the Portuguese mainland. It uses a spatial econometrics model from endogenous variables constructed from a principal component analysis.

Results

The results infer that support is concentrated in the most prosperous agricultural regions. The poorest regions where the forest surface is proportionally larger receive little support. There is no correlation between European Union support for forests and the prevalence of fires.

Conclusions

To reduce the risk and prevalence of fire, it is necessary to promote an active management of forest areas. To this end, it is necessary to review the way in which support from the Common Agricultural Policy is distributed so that vulnerable territories can receive more support, empowering populations and promoting rural development.
Existence and nonexistence results for fractional mixed boundary value problems via a Lyapunov-type inequality
Authors: Łupińska Barbara
Published: August 2023

In this article, we prove a Lyapunov-type inequality for a fractional differential equation under mixed boundary conditions. As applications, we deduce nonexistence results for some fractional boundary value problems. Moreover, we obtain numerical approximations of a lower bound for the eigenvalues of the corresponding equations.