bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЗА УХИЛЕННЯ ВІД СПЛАТИ ПОДАТКІВ
Authors: Панасюк О. В. , Кисельов В. М.
Published: July 2023

У статті з’ясовано, що сплата податків – це важливий обов’язок кожного громадянина України, від реалізації якого напряму залежить функціонування держави, адже відповідні кошти використовуються для забезпечення безпеки, освіти, охорони здоров'я, інфраструктури та багатьох інших сфер суспільного життя. Без достатнього фінансування влада не зможе забезпечити всіх громадян необхідними послугами та інфраструктурою. Відтак ухиляння від сплати податків негативно впливає на роботу держави та всіх її інституцій, а отже, і на якість життя людей. Доведено, що під ухиленням від сплати податків найбільш доцільно розуміти свідомі протиправні дії платників податків, зокрема суб’єктів господарської діяльності, які спрямовані на навмисну несплату останніх шляхом неподання декларації про доходи / прибутки, неправильний облік доходів або ж приховування їх, шахрайство з податковими документами тощо. Встановлено, що юридична відповідальність суб’єктів господарської діяльності за ухилення від сплати податків являє собою негативну правову реакцію держави на правопорушення (на протиправне винне діяння), що передбачає застосування до правопорушників заходів державно-примусового характеру. Аргументовано, що ключовими особливостями юридичної відповідальності в контексті представленої проблематики є наступні: виявлення відповідних правопорушень відбувається в процесі здійснення контрольно-наглядової діяльності податковими органами; широкий перелік правових наслідків за вчинення правопорушень у відповідній сфері; держава має право стягувати податковий борг з рахунків підприємства без судового рішення та без спеціального повідомлення; керівники підприємств несуть персональну відповідальність за ухилення від сплати податків, якщо вони могли запобігти цим діям своїми повноваженнями та розпорядженнями.
ЗАХИСТ ПРАВ СПОЖИВАЧІВ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ СОЮЗІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Утєхін І. Б.
Published: July 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню питання захисту прав споживачів-фізичних осіб за законодавством України та ЄС. Указано, що потреба захисту прав споживача зумовлена його вразливим становищем серед інших учасників цивільних відносин. Перед законодавцем постає завдання усунути цю нерівність. Зазначено, що захист прав споживачів у цивільному праві слід розуміти в широкому сенсі, через те що він одночасно є споживачем товарів, робіт і послуг. Правове регулювання цих відносин є складним через наявність численних законів. Встановлено, що існують об’єктивні та суб’єктивні причини недосконалості вітчизняного законодавства у сфері захисту прав споживачів. Виявлено недоліки законодавства та запропоновано внесення змін для покращення стану регулювання. Обґрунтовано позицію про необхідність легального визначення принципів «захисту прав споживачів» у законодавстві. Зазначено про необхідність доповнення Цивільного кодексу України положеннями «Про споживчий договір» в окремій Главі. Доведено, що це особлива договірна конструкція, яка має власні кваліфікуючі ознаки. Головною ознакою є те, що він має «споживчий» характер. Його суть – задоволення особистих та майнових потреб споживача-фізичної особи. Споживчий договір охоплює продаж товарів, найм майна, виконання робіт та надання послуг. Він має комплексний характер, на відміну від звичайних мінових договорів (купівлі-продажу, поставки, міни тощо). Визначено, що відповідальність за порушення споживчих договорів відмінне від мінових договорів. Для споживчих договорів існує підвищена відповідальність у сфері надання послуг. Встановлено, що існують юридичні гарантії захисту прав споживачів при виникненні, здійсненні та припиненні їхніх прав. Зазначено, що необхідно визнати в цивільному праві «презумпцію захисту прав споживачів». Вивчено досвід ЄС у вирішені проблем правого захисту прав споживачів. Визначено чотири етапи правового регулювання відносин за участю споживачів у країнах ЄС. Зазначено про особливості кожного з етапів. Розглянуто Закон ЄС «Про права споживачів» 2021 року, встановлено його особливості. Доведено, що правове регулювання відносин за участі споживачів у ЄС відбувається від окремого до загального. При цьому останнє є диференційованим.
ХАРАСМЕНТ ЯК ВИД ГЕНДЕРНОЇ ДИСКРИМІНАЦІЇ
Authors: Загоруй Л. М. , Загоруй І. С.
Published: July 2023

Дискримінація на підставі гендеру в її різних формах і видах має місце в житті кожної країни. Стаття присвячена одному із видів гендерної дискримінації – харасменту. Проблема актуальна й малодосліджена, що обумовлено особли вістю даного явища та майже відсутністю правового регулювання і складністю доказування тощо. З огляду на це, проблема харасменту потребує комплексного аналізу як правового явища. Гендерний харасмент може виникати в різних сферах суспільного життя – праця, сім’я, громадський простір, освіта тощо, – там, де є будь будь-яке підпорядкування та / або потреба перебувати в приміщенні протягом певного часу. Він може бути засобом у булінгу, мобінгу, набувати інших форм психологічного насильства з метою контролю, принижен ня або зневажання особи через її стать чи гендерну ідентичність. Як психологічне насильство, харасмент доцільно юридично відмежовувати від інших проявів гендерного насильства. Окрім форм, харасмент має різноманітні види й може стосуватися будь будь-якої особи, незалежно від статі. Акцентовано, що харасмент можна розглядати в широкому та вузькому розумінні, відповідно як порушення недоторканості приватного життя та як сексуальне переслідування, домагання. На підставі аналізу вітчизняного законодавства виснован о, що слово «харасмент» не вживається, проте в загальному законі закріплено поняття «сексуальне домагання». Окремо звернено увагу на те, що болючою точкою зіткнення прав людини й харасменту є сфера праці. У трудових правовідносинах він є небезпечним явище м, оскільки для його прояву існує «провокуюча» основа – факт підпорядкування, що денне перебування працівників в обмеженому просторі, що унеможливлює уникнення небажаних контактів тощо. Для боротьби з гендерним харасментом доцільно вживати заходи на законодавчому рівні (визначення, захист, покарання та профілактика); запроваджувати відповідну політику на підприємствах, в установах та організаціях. Принципово важливу роль у подоланні проявів гендерної дискримінації м ає відігравати правосвідомість.
Bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosome combinate with fibrin on tantalum coating titanium implant accelerates osseointegration
Authors: Cui Jian-Tong , Wang Xin-Yuan , Mu Xiao-Dan , Huang Meng , Wang Ya-Di , Luo Qiang , He Hui-Xia
Published: July 2023

This study aims to present a sustainably releasing system of exosomes-fibrin combinate loaded on tantalum-coating titanium implants. We hope to investigate potential effects of the system on osseointegration between tantalum coating titanium implants and its surrounding bone tissue. Exosomes derived from rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) and fibrin were deposited onto the micro-nanostructure tantalum coating surface (Ta + exo + FI) and compared to control groups, including tantalum coating (Ta), tantalum coating loaded exosomes (Ta + exo) and tantalum coating loaded fibrin (Ta + FI). The optimal concentration of loading exosomes, exosomes uptake capacity by BMSCs, and the effect of controlled-release by fibrin were assessed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LCSM) and microplate reader. The optimal concentration of exosomes was 1 μg/μL. Adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs on different materials were assessed in vitro. Finally, osseointegrative capacity of Ta, Ta + exo, Ta + FI, Ta + exo + FI implants in rabbit tibia were respectively evaluated with histology and bone-implant contact ratio (BIC%). It was demonstrated that exosome sustained-release system with fibrin loading on the tantalum coating was successfully established. Fibrin contribute to exosomes release extension from 2d to 6d. Furthermore, Ta + exo + FI significantly promoted adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo, the implants in Ta + exo + FI group displayed the highest osseointegrative capability than those in other groups. It is concluded that this exosome delivery system on the implants may be an effective way for tantalum coating titanium implants to promote osseointegration between implant and its surrounding bone tissue.
Potential and prospects of biomass as a source of renewable energy in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Asad , Ayub Khurram Shahzad , Tahseen Sadiq Muhammad , Tanveer Muhammad , Naseer Hamza , Nadeem Zoha , Aamir Hafiz Muhammad
Published: July 2023

In an agricultural country like Pakistan, producing affordable and clean energy can be a challenging task. However, Pakistan has the potential to utilize various biomass feedstocks to generate renewable energy and tackle climate change while promoting sustainable development. Wheat, rice, sugarcane, and corn are the four main crops that yield a significant amount of residue, totaling 112.1 million tons per year. These residues have the potential to produce 3,050 kWh/ton of energy, which can meet 14% of the energy demand in Pakistan, equivalent to 9.85TW, starting in 2022. Gasification technology is a versatile option that efficiently converts biomass into energy while reducing negative environmental impacts. The current research explores the feasibility of generating clean energy from crop residues with low emissions, addressing the country’s energy needs, and supporting policymakers in promoting the use of biomass for energy production. According to this study, rice husk, corn cobs, wheat straw, and sugar bagasse all produce hydrogen at rates of 6.9 wt.%, 6.4 wt.%, 5.69 wt.%, and 5.35 wt.%, respectively. Therefore, our study demonstrates that corn cobs have a significant potential for energy production.
The potential impact of hereditary hemochromatosis on the heart considering the disease stage and patient age—the role of echocardiography
Authors: Świątczak Michał , Rozwadowska Katarzyna , Sikorska Katarzyna , Młodziński Krzysztof , Świątczak Agata , Raczak Grzegorz , Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz Ludmiła
Published: July 2023

Background

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disease that leads to increased iron accumulation in several organs. Cardiomyocytes are highly susceptible to this damage owing to their high iron uptake, and cardiovascular complications account for 1/3 of the deaths in the natural course of HH. Additionally, excess iron intake and associated oxidative stress may accelerate the aging of the cardiovascular system, regardless of the age of patients with HH. We aimed to investigate the role of standard and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in revealing heart differences in patients with HH considering the disease stage and the patient age.

Methodology

Consecutive patients with HH (n = 58) without heart pathologies (except hypertension) and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals underwent echocardiography. Patients were compared according to the time since HH diagnosis (the recently diagnosed HH group [31 patients] with diagnosed HH for less than 6 months and had no more than one venesection; the medium group [11 patients] with diagnosed HH between 6 and 24 months; and the long-lasting group [16 patients] with diagnosed HH for more than 2 years) and the quartile contribution of their age.

Results

Standard echocardiography revealed differences in diastolic parameters between patients with HH and controls, which were the most prominent between healthy and long-lasting HH patients. Regarding systolic function, left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in HH patients, with the most evident differences between the healthy and recently diagnosed HH patients. STE revealed additional differences in systolic parameters, with LV rotation the worst in recently diagnosed patients and its increase in patients with medium and long-lasting HH. Significantly worse peak systolic longitudinal strain values were observed in all patients with HH. Analyses of the results according to the age quartiles of patients with HH revealed that some changes ocurred earlier than expected according to age.

Conclusions

Echocardiography can reveal possible heart damage in HH patients at different stages of the disease and highlight potential features of accelerated myocardial aging in these patients.
Short-term mechanical support with the Impella 5.x for mitral valve surgery in advanced heart failure—protected cardiac surgery
Authors: Osswald Anja , Shehada Sharaf-Eldin , Zubarevich Alina , Kamler Markus , Thielmann Matthias , Sommer Wiebke , Weymann Alexander , Ruhparwar Arjang , El Gabry Mohamed , Schmack Bastian
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Surgical treatment of patients with mitral valve regurgitation and advanced heart failure remains challenging. In order to avoid peri-operative low cardiac output, Impella 5.0 or 5.5 (5.x), implanted electively in a one-stage procedure, may serve as a peri-operative short-term mechanical circulatory support system (st-MCS) in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.

Methods

Between July 2017 and April 2022, 11 consecutive patients underwent high-risk mitral valve surgery for mitral regurgitation supported with an Impella 5.x system (Abiomed, Inc. Danvers, MA). All patients were discussed in the heart team and were either not eligible for transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) or surgery was considered favorable. In all cases, the indication for Impella 5.x implantation was made during the preoperative planning phase.

Results

The mean age at the time of surgery was 61.6 ± 7.7 years. All patients presented with mitral regurgitation due to either ischemic (n = 5) or dilatative (n = 6) cardiomyopathy with a mean ejection fraction of 21 ± 4% (EuroScore II 6.1 ± 2.5). Uneventful mitral valve repair (n = 8) or replacement (n = 3) was performed via median sternotomy (n = 8) or right lateral mini thoracotomy (n = 3). In six patients, concomitant procedures, either tricuspid valve repair, aortic valve replacement or CABG were necessary. The mean duration on Impella support was 8 ± 5 days. All, but one patient, were successfully weaned from st-MCS, with no Impella-related complications. 30-day survival was 90.9%.

Conclusion

Protected cardiac surgery with st-MCS using the Impella 5.x is safe and feasible when applied in high-risk mitral valve surgery without st-MCS-related complications, resulting in excellent outcomes. This strategy might offer an alternative and comprehensive approach for the treatment of patients with mitral regurgitation in advanced heart failure, deemed ineligible for TEER or with need of concomitant surgery.
Phthalate esters in municipal sewage treatment plants: occurrence level, removal rate and optimum combination technology
Authors: Zheng Xiqiang , Lu Guanghua , Liu Jianchao , Jiang Runren
Published: July 2023

The concentrations, and removal rates of five phthalate esters (PAEs) (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) in the five representative sewage treatment plants of Chaohu catchment were investigated by season in this study. Our results showed that five PAEs were ubiquitous contaminants in the five sewage treatment plants. Thereinto, the contents of DiBP were significantly higher than that of the other four kinds of PAEs, and the total concentrations of PAEs in the influents in summer (17.51–33.93 μg L−1) were significantly higher than those in winter (10.14–24.08 μg L−1). Different PAEs showed different removal efficiencies in sewage treatment plants, and the orders of individual removal rates was as follows: DMP > DEP > DBP > DiBP > DEHP. The total concentration of PAEs in the effluent was relatively low in Chaohu catchment. The biochemical treatment section of the sewage treatment plant contributed the most to the removal of total PAEs, while the pretreatment and advanced treatment sections contributed less. In addition, environmental temperature had an obvious effect on the biochemical treatment process. Appropriate combined treatment processes could efficiently improve the removal effect of PAEs in sewage treatment plants.
Interaction force mechanism for the improvement of reclaimed soil aggregate stability in abandoned homestead by different organic-inorganic soil conditioners
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zhang Yang , Sun Yingying , Li Xuxiang , Wang Na , Wang Xue , Meng Tingting
Published: July 2023

Reasonable application of organic-inorganic soil conditioners can effectively improve the structure and fertility of reclaimed soil in abandoned homestead. Aggregate stability is an important indicator to evaluate soil structure and fertility, and is largely influenced by soil internal forces (van der Waals attractive force, electrostatic repulsive force, hydration repulsive force) and particle surface properties. However, there are few studies on the influence of different soil conditioners on the reclaimed soil internal forces and its relationship with the aggregate stability. Therefore, we selected six different treatments of organic fertilizer (TO), fly ash (TF), maturing agent (TM), maturing agent + organic fertilizer (TMO), fly ash + organic fertilizer (TFO) and control (CK) to conduct a 5-year field experiment to study the effects of reclaimed soil particle interaction forces and surface characteristics on aggregate stability under the treatment of different soil conditioners. The results showed that with the application of soil conditioners, the soil organic matter (SOM), specific surface area (SSA), surface charge (σ0), cation exchange capacity (CEC), aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) and Hamaker constant increased gradually, while the pH value decreased slightly. In particular, the MWD under the treatments of TFO and TMO increased by 150.3% and 65.6% respectively compared with that under the CK treatment. With the increasing application of soil conditioners, the electrostatic repulsive force and van der Waals attractive force between reclaimed soil particles increased constantly, but the net resultant force between particles decreased and the net attractive force increased continuously, thus improving the aggregate stability. Therefore, there is a significant negative correlation between the net resultant force among reclaimed soil particles and MWD and CEC. In addition, 10−2 mol L-1 is the critical concentration that affects the reclaimed soil internal force, and the organic-inorganic treatments of TFO and TMO can improve the net resultant force better. In a word, the particle interaction forces are important factors affecting the reclaimed soil structural stability, and this study provides a scientific reference for the rational selection of soil conditioners and its interaction force mechanism in the reclaimed soil improvement.
Nitrogen enrichment alters the resistance of a noninvasive alien plant species to Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion
Authors: Wu Hao , Dong Sijin , Wang Li , Zhu Yuanyuan , Jia Shaoqi , Rao Benqiang
Published: July 2023

Soil nitrogen can significantly affect the morphology, biomass, nutrient allocation, and photosynthesis of alien vs. native plants, thereby changing their coexistence patterns; however, the effect of soil nitrogen on the interspecific relationship between alien plants is currently unclear. We conducted a nitrogen addition experiment in a greenhouse to explore the effect of soil nitrogen on the interspecific relationship between invasive alien weed Alternanthera philoxeroides and the noninvasive alien horticultural plant Oxalis articulata. We set three experimental factors—nitrogen treatment, planting type, and species and measured the morphology, biomass, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, physiological traits, and photosynthetic fluorescence of the studied plant species. We then used multi-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons to examine the differences in the above indicators among treatment combinations. We found that, in mixed cultures, nitrogen addition significantly increased the root area of O. articulata by 128.489% but decreased the root length by 56.974% compared with the control, while it significantly increased the root length of A. philoxeroides by 130.026%. Nitrogen addition did not affect the biomass accumulation of these two plant species; however, the biomass and root/shoot ratio of O. articulata were significant higher than those of A. philoxeroides. Nitrogen addition significantly increased the N content of A. philoxeroides by 278.767% and decreased the C:N ratio by 66.110% in mixed cultures. Nitrogen addition caused a significant trade-off between flavonoid and anthocyanin in O. articulata, and decreased the initial fluorescence (F0) and maximal fluorescence (Fm) of A. philoxeroides by 18.649 and 23.507%, respectively, in mixed cultures. These results indicate that nitrogen addition increased the N absorption and assimilation ability of A. philoxeroides in deep soil; furthermore, it significantly enhanced the advantages for O. articulata in terms of morphology, physiological plasticity, and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, O. articulata had better individual and underground competitive advantages. Under intensified nitrogen deposition, the biotic replacement effect of O. articulata on A. philoxeroides in natural ecosystems could be further enhanced.
Identification of immune infiltration and cuproptosis-related molecular clusters in tuberculosis
Authors: Li Sijun , Long Qian , Nong Lanwei , Zheng Yanqing , Meng Xiayan , Zhu Qingdong
Published: July 2023

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Cuproptosis is a novel cell death mechanism correlated with various diseases. This study sought to elucidate the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in TB.

Methods

Based on the GSE83456 dataset, we analyzed the expression profiles of CRGs and immune cell infiltration in TB. Based on CRGs, the molecular clusters and related immune cell infiltration were explored using 92 TB samples. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm was utilized to identify the co-expression modules and cluster-specific differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, the optimal machine learning model was determined by comparing the performance of the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). The predictive performance of the machine learning model was assessed by generating calibration curves and decision curve analysis and validated in an external dataset.

Results

11 CRGs were identified as differentially expressed cuproptosis genes. Significant differences in immune cells were observed in TB patients. Two cuproptosis-related molecular clusters expressed genes were identified. Distinct clusters were identified based on the differential expression of CRGs and immune cells. Besides, significant differences in biological functions and pathway activities were observed between the two clusters. A nomogram was generated to facilitate clinical implementation. Next, calibration curves were generated, and decision curve analysis was conducted to validate the accuracy of our model in predicting TB subtypes. XGB machine learning model yielded the best performance in distinguishing TB patients with different clusters. The top five genes from the XGB model were selected as predictor genes. The XGB model exhibited satisfactory performance during validation in an external dataset. Further analysis revealed that these five model-related genes were significantly associated with latent and active TB.

Conclusion

Our study provided hitherto undocumented evidence of the relationship between cuproptosis and TB and established an optimal machine learning model to evaluate the TB subtypes and latent and active TB patients.
A decade of microbial community dynamics on sinking particles during high carbon export events in the eastern Fram Strait
Authors: Cardozo-Mino Magda G. , Salter Ian , Nöthig Eva-Maria , Metfies Katja , Ramondenc Simon , Wekerle Claudia , Krumpen Thomas , Boetius Antje , Bienhold Christina
Published: July 2023

Marine sinking particles sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide to the deep oceanviathe biological carbon pump. Understanding how environmental shifts drive changes in the microbial composition of particles, and how these affect the export of organic matter from the surface to the deep ocean, is critical, especially in the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean. Here, we applied next generation sequencing of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes to sediment trap samples from around 200 m water depth in the eastern Fram Strait, covering a time frame of more than one decade (2000-2012). The aim was to characterize their microbial composition during annual highest particulate organic carbon flux events. The bimodal annual spring and summer export fluxes were representative of the strong seasonality in the region. Furthermore, the study period was characterized by considerable interannual variation, marked especially by a warm water anomaly between 2005 and 2007. During this period changes in the hydrography and sea ice cover also led to measurable changes in the microbial composition of particles. The warm water period was marked by a decrease in diatoms affiliated withChaetoceros, an increase of small phytoplankton and an increase in sequence abundance of the bacterial taxaOceanospirillales,AlteromonadalesandRhodobacteraleson the particles. The resulting changes in microbial composition and the associated microbial network structure suggest the emergence of a more developed retention system in the surface ocean. Our results provide the first long-term assessment of the microbial composition of sinking particles in the Arctic Ocean, and stress the importance of sea ice and hydrography for particle composition and subsequent flux of organic matter to deeper waters.
EuroGOOS roadmap for operational coastal downstream services
Authors: El Serafy Ghada , Mészáros Lőrinc , Fernández Vicente , Capet Arthur , She Jun , Sotillo Marcos Garcia , Melet Angelique , Legrand Sebastien , Mourre Baptiste , Campuzano Francisco , Federico Ivan , Guarnieri Antonio , Rubio Anna , Dabrowski Tomasz , Umgiesser Georg , Staneva Joanna , Ursella Laura , Pairaud Ivane , Bruschi Antonello , Frigstad Helen , Baetens Katrijn , Creach Veronique , Charria Guillaume , Alvarez Fanjul Enrique
Published: July 2023

The EuroGOOS Coastal working group examines the entire coastal value chain from coastal observations to services for coastal users. The main objective of the working group is to review the status quo, identify gaps and future steps needed to secure and improve the sustainability of the European coastal service provision. Within this framework, our white paper defines a EuroGOOS roadmap for sustained “community coastal downstream service” provision, provided by a broad EuroGOOS community with focus on the national and local scale services. After defining the coastal services in this context, we describe the main components of coastal service provision and explore community benefits and requirements through sectoral examples (aquaculture, coastal tourism, renewable energy, port, cross-sectoral) together with the main challenges and barriers to user uptake. Technology integration challenges are outlined with respect to multiparameter observations, multi-platform observations, the land-coast-ocean continuum, and multidisciplinary data integration. Finally, the technological, financial, and institutional sustainability of coastal observing and coastal service provision are discussed. The paper gives special attention to the delineation of upstream and downstream services, public-private partnerships and the important role of Copernicus in better covering the coastal zone. Therefore, our white paper is a policy and practice review providing a comprehensive overview, in-depth discussion and actionable recommendations (according to key short-term or medium-term priorities) on the envisaged elements of a roadmap for sustained coastal service provision. EuroGOOS, as an entity that unites European national operational oceanography centres, research institutes and scientists across various domains within the broader field of operational oceanography, offers to be the engine and intermediary for the knowledge transfer and communication of experiences, best practices and information, not only amongst its members, but also amongst the different (research) infrastructures, institutes and agencies that have interests in coastal oceanography in Europe.
Failure of enhanced recovery after surgery in liver surgery: a systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Ren Qiuping , Wu Menghang , Li Hong Yu , Li Jiafei , Zeng Zi Hang
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify and summarize the existing evidence regarding ERAS failure and related risk factors after hepatic surgery. The objective was to provide physicians with a better understanding of these factors so that they can take appropriate action to minimize ERAS failure and improve patient outcomes.

Method

A literature search of the PubMed MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed. The search strategy involved terms related to ERAS, failure, and hepatectomy.

Result

A meta-analysis was conducted on four studies encompassing a total of 1,535 patients, resulting in the identification of 20 risk factors associated with ERAS failure after hepatic surgery. Four of these risk factors were selected for pooling, including major resection, ASA classification of ≥3, advanced age, and male gender. Major resection and ASA ≥ 3 were identified as statistically significant factors of ERAS failure.

Conclusion

The comprehensive literature review results indicated that the frequently identified risk factors for ERAS failure after hepatic surgery are linked to operative and anesthesia factors, including substantial resection and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or higher. These insights will assist healthcare practitioners in taking prompt remedial measures. Nevertheless, there is a requirement for future high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized evaluation frameworks for ERAS programs.
Sticky Bacteria: Understanding the Behavior of a D-Galactose Adapted Consortium of Acidophilic Chemolithotroph Bacteria and Their Attachment on a Concentrate of Polymetallic Mineral
Authors: Aguirre Paulina , Saavedra Albert , Moncayo Eduardo , Hedrich Sabrina , Guerrero Karlo , Gentina Juan Carlos
Published: July 2023

Various strategies to accelerate the formation of biofilms on minerals have been studied, and one of them is the use of D-galactose as an inducer of EPS production in planktonic cells of biooxidant bacteria. With the aim to evaluate the influence on the attachment and the effect over the solubilization of a polymetallic mineral concentrate, the behavior of a microbial consortium formed by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM 14887T and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans DSM 2705T previously induced with D-galactose for the early formation of EPS was studied. These microorganisms were previously adapted to 0.15 and 0.25% of D-galactose, respectively; afterward, different proportions of both strains were put in contact with the particle surface of a concentrate of polymetallic mineral. Also, to evaluate the affinity of each bacterium to the mineral, attachment tests were carried out with one of these species acting as a pre-colonizer. The same consortia were used to evaluate the solubilization of the polymetallic mineral. The results obtained show that the induction by D-galactose increases the microbial attachment percentage to the mineral by at least 10% with respect to the control of non-adapted consortia. On the other hand, the tests carried out with pre-colonization show that the order of inoculation also affects the microbial attachment percentage. From the different proportions tested, it was determined that the use of a consortium with a proportion of 50% of each species previously adapted to D-galactose and inoculated simultaneously, present a microbial attachment percentage to the mineral greater than 95% and better solubilization of a polymetallic mineral, reaching values of 9.7 and 11.7mgL−1 h−1 of Fe3+ and SO42−, respectively. Therefore, the use of D-galactose in small concentrations as inducer of EPS in acidophilic cells and the selection of an adequate strategy of inoculation can be beneficial to improve biooxidation since it would allow this process to develop in a shorter time by achieving a greater number of attached cells in a shorter time accelerating the solubilization of a sulfide mineral.
Leader peptide removal in lasso peptide biosynthesis based on penultimate isoleucine residue
Authors: Duan Yuwei , Niu Weijing , Pang Linlin , Mu Da-Shuai , Du Zong-Jun , Zhang Youming , Bian Xiaoying , Zhong Guannan
Published: July 2023

Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized peptides that undergo post-translational modifications including leader peptide removal by B (or the segregated B1 and B2) proteins and core peptide macrolactamization by C proteins to form a unique lariat topology. A conserved threonine residue at the penultimate position of leader peptide is hitherto found in lasso peptide precursors and shown to be a critical recognition element for effective enzymatic processing. We identified a lasso peptide biosynthetic gene cluster (bsf) from Bradymonas sediminis FA350, a Gram-negative and facultatively prey-dependent bacterium that belongs to a novel bacterial order Bradymonadales in the class Deltaproteobacteria. The kinase BsfK specifically catalyzes the phosphorylation of the precursor peptide BsfA on the Ser3 residue. BsfB1 performs dual functions to accelerate the post-translational phosphorylation and assist BsfB2 in leader peptide removal. Most importantly, the penultimate residue of leader peptide is an isoleucine rather than the conserved threonine and this isoleucine has a marked impact on the phosphorylation of Ser3 as well as leader peptide removal, implying that BsfB1 and BsfB2 exhibit a new substrate selectivity for leader peptide binding and excision. This is the first experimentally validated penultimate isoleucine residue in a lasso peptide precursor to our knowledge. In silico analysis reveals that the leader peptide Ile/Val(-2) residue is rare but not uncommon in phosphorylated lasso peptides, as this residue is also discovered in Acidobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadales in addition to Bradymonadales.
Development of a new drug candidate for the inhibition of Lassa virus glycoprotein and nucleoprotein by modification of evodiamine as promising therapeutic agents
Authors: Akash Shopnil , Baeza Javiera , Mahmood Sajjat , Mukerjee Nobendu , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Islam Md. Rezaul , Gupta Gaurav , Rajakumari Vinibha , Chinni Suresh V. , Ramachawolran Gobinath , Saleh Fayez M. , Albadrani Ghadeer M. , Sayed Amany A. , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M.
Published: July 2023

The Lassa virus (LASV), an RNA virus prevalent in West and Central Africa, causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. However, no FDA-approved treatments or vaccines exist. Two crucial proteins, LASV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein, play vital roles in pathogenesis and are potential therapeutic targets. As effective treatments for many emerging infections remain elusive, cutting-edge drug development approaches are essential, such as identifying molecular targets, screening lead molecules, and repurposing existing drugs. Bioinformatics and computational biology expedite drug discovery pipelines, using data science to identify targets, predict structures, and model interactions. These techniques also facilitate screening leads with optimal drug-like properties, reducing time, cost, and complexities associated with traditional drug development. Researchers have employed advanced computational drug design methods such as molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate evodiamine derivatives as potential LASV inhibitors. The results revealed remarkable binding affinities, with many outperforming standard compounds. Additionally, molecular active simulation data suggest stability when bound to target receptors. These promising findings indicate that evodiamine derivatives may offer superior pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties, serving as a valuable resource for professionals developing synthetic drugs to combat the Lassa virus.
Maternal Obesity Related to High Fat Diet Induces Placenta Remodeling and Gut Microbiome Shaping That Are Responsible for Fetal Liver Lipid Dysmetabolism
Authors: Wang Ying-Wen , Yu Hong-Ren , Tiao Mao-Meng , Tain You-Lin , Lin I-Chun , Sheen Jiunn-Ming , Lin Yu-Ju , Chang Kow-Aung , Chen Chih-Cheng , Tsai Ching-Chou , Huang Li-Tung
Published: July 2023

Background: Maternal obesity in utero may affect fetal development and cause metabolic problems during childhood and even adulthood. Diet-induced maternal obesity can impair gut barrier integrity and change the gut microbiome, which may contribute to adverse placental adaptations and increase the obesity risk in offspring. However, the mechanism through which maternal obesity causes offspring metabolic disorder must be identified.

Methods: Eight-week-old female rats received a control diet or high-fat (HF) diet for 11 weeks before conception and during gestation. The placentas were collected on gestational day 21 before offspring delivery. Placental tissues, gut microbiome, and short-chain fatty acids of dams and fetal liver tissues were studied.

Results: Maternal HF diet and obesity altered the placental structure and metabolism-related transcriptome and decreased G protein–coupled receptor 43 expression. HF diet and obesity also changed the gut microbiome composition and serum propionate level of dams. The fetal liver exhibited steatosis, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and lipoprotein lipase with changes in maternal HF diet and obesity.

Conclusions: Maternal HF diet and obesity shape gut microbiota and remodel the placenta of dams, resulting in lipid dysmetabolism of the fetal liver, which may ultimately contribute to the programming of offspring obesity.
A reactive oxygen species–related signature to predict prognosis and aid immunotherapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Hongxiang , Luo Yong , Zhao Shankun , Tan Jing , Chen Minjian , Liu Xihai , Ye Jianheng , Cai Shanghua , Deng Yulin , Li Jinchuang , He Huichan , Zhang Xin , Zhong Weide
Published: July 2023

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant disease containing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in the tumor microenvironment and are strongly associated with cancer development. Nevertheless, the role of ROS-related genes in ccRCC remains unclear.

Methods

We describe the expression patterns of ROS-related genes in ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and their alterations in genetics and transcription. An ROS-related gene signature was constructed and verified in three datasets and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) analysis. The immune characteristics of the two risk groups divided by the signature were clarified. The sensitivity to immunotherapy and targeted therapy was investigated.

Results

Our signature was constructed on the basis of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1 (ICEF1), methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), and strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) genes. More importantly, protein expression levels of GCLM, MsrA, and SBNO2 were detected by IHC in our own ccRCC samples. The high-risk group of patients with ccRCC suffered lower overall survival rates. As an independent predictor of prognosis, our signature exhibited a strong association with clinicopathological features. An accurate nomogram for improving the clinical applicability of our signature was constructed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that the signature was closely related to immune response, immune activation, and immune pathways. The comprehensive results revealed that the high-risk group was associated with high infiltration of regulatory T cells and CD8+ T cells and more benefited from targeted therapy. In addition, immunotherapy had better therapeutic effects in the high-risk group.

Conclusion

Our signature paved the way for assessing prognosis and developing more effective strategies of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in ccRCC.
PIWIL1 interacting RNA piR-017724 inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration, and inhibits the development of HCC by silencing PLIN3
Authors: Wu Yi-Jing , Wang Jie , Zhang Peng , Yuan Liu-Xia , Ju Lin-Ling , Wang Hui-Xuan , Chen Lin , Cao Ya-Li , Cai Wei-Hua , Ni Yi , Li Min
Published: July 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers. Worldwide, liver cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Recent studies have found that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) participate in the occurrence and development of various tumors and are closely related to the growth, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumors. Studies on the role and functional mechanism of piRNAs in HCC development and progression are limited.

Methods

Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of piR-017724 in both HCC tissues and cells. Based on the clinical data of HCC patients, the clinical and prognostic value of piR-017724 was further analyzed. Then, targeted silencing and overexpressing of piR-017724 in HCC cells was further used to examine the biological functions of piR-017724. In addition, the downstream target protein of piR-017724 was predicted and validated through high-throughput sequencing and public databases.

Results

The piR-017724 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cells, and the downregulation of piR-017724 was associated with tumor stage and poor prognosis in HCC. The piR-017724 inhibitor promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, while the piR-017724 mimic had the opposite effect. However, the piR-017724 did not affect apoptosis of HCC cells. High-throughput sequencing and qRT-PCR confirmed a reciprocal relationship between piR-017724 and PLIN3. Therefore, we speculate that piR-017724 may inhibit the development and progression of HCC by affecting the downstream protein PLIN3.

Conclusions

Our study shows that piR-017724, which is lowly expressed in HCC, inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells and may affect the development of hepatocellular liver cancer through PLIN3, which provides new insights into the clinical application of piR-017724 in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Therapeutic potential of the chemical composition of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.
Authors: Fan Chenxi , Sun Xin , Wang Xin , Yu Hongsong
Published: July 2023

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. belongs to the genus Dendrobium of the orchid family and is a valuable herbal medicinal material. The information in this paper has been collected from the scientific literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SciFinder, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, published books, Ph.D., and M.S. dissertations systematically in recent 20 years. “Dendrobium nobile Lindl.,” “chemical composition,” “pharmacological activities,” and “diseases” were used as search terms to screen the literature. The collected chemical compositions are classified and summarized according to their different chemical structures, and the clinical disease treatment effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. are classified and summarized based on their pharmacological activities and different experimental disease models. Recent studies have revealed that Dendrobium nobile Lindl. contains chemical components such as alkaloids, bibenzyls, sesquiterpenes, phenanthrenes, and polysaccharides, and that its pharmacological activities are closely related to the chemical components, with pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-aging, immune enhancement, hypoglycemic, and anti-cataract. Currently, researchers are conducting extensive and detailed studies on Dendrobium nobile Lindl. and research experiments on its chemical constituents in the treatment of various clinical diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the chemical composition of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. and its experimental studies in the treatment of diseases and to provide a scientific reference for the future application of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. in the treatment of diseases.
Active surveillance and clinical analysis of anaphylaxis based on the China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Li Zejing , Yu Yingying , Feng Maoyan , Liu Anchang
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop active surveillance programs (ASPs) for anaphylaxis using the China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System (CHPS) and analyze the characteristics, allergens, and management strategies for anaphylaxis within a tertiary hospital setting in China.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the anaphylaxis cases reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System in our hospital from 2014 to 2021. Characteristic medical orders, progress notes, and diagnoses in these cases were recorded to identify initial anaphylaxis trigger entries. Based on these initial entries, the questionnaire was developed, and the Delphi method was used to establish consensus entries for anaphylaxis triggers. The CHPS was used to program these trigger entries and construct ASPs, which were then tested on the 238,194 discharged patients to evaluate their performance and analyze the related clinical data.

Results: Ten anaphylaxis triggers and three ASPs were ultimately identified. The ASPs captured 309 cases, out of which 94 cases were confirmed as anaphylaxis following manual screening. After removing duplicates, we noted 76 patients who experienced anaphylaxis 79 times. The positive rate of triggers and the positive predictive value of the programs were 0.13% and 30.42%, respectively. The incidence of anaphylaxis in our study was 0.03%, and the number of anaphylaxis cases detected by the ASPs was 5.64 times higher than those detected by the spontaneous reporting system. Anaphylaxis was more common among female patients. Antibacterial drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and contrast media were the most prevalent allergens in clinical practice. Anaphylaxis to antineoplastic drugs had the highest incidence (0.6%) when compared with patients admitted during the same period. Our study revealed a significant underuse of epinephrine and overuse of second-line therapy (glucocorticoids and antihistamines) in the management of anaphylaxis. Furthermore, we found the use and dosage of epinephrine to be inappropriate.

Conclusion: The CHPS can effectively utilize both structured and unstructured data to construct anaphylaxis ASPs, and this could counteract the under-reporting by the spontaneous reporting system, the primary adverse reaction monitoring method in China. The treatment and management of anaphylaxis are currently inadequate and require improvement to reduce mortality risk.