bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filosofi Sarapataanguna Pra dan Pasca Islam Sebagai Filosofi Rumah Tradisional Buton Kaum Walaka
Authors: Umar Muhammad Zakaria
Published: December 2017

Since the issuance of the "Ijtihad (command) Sultan" to the royal Sara (device), so that harmony and brotherhood (Sara Pataanguna) in Islam was manifested in the form of typical Buton house. The royal Sara's and wood carpentry experts in the kingdom based on "Ijtihad Sultan" together performed deliberations. Deliberation aimed to find a building form for the house which in accordance with the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna. The pre-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy and the post-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy were embodied in the concept of meaning and functional concepts in traditional Buton houses. Based on on the role-sharing functions the Butonesse traditional house divided into two types, houses of Kaomus / Walakas with public roles and houses of common Kaoumus / Walakas without public roles. This research was aimed to analyzed the philosophy and symbolic meaning on houses of the Kaomus / Walakas with public roles. The research used qualitative research with case study approach.The result concluded that the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna became the philosophy from Walakas Butonesse traditional houses, especially for the owners who holds public positions, because the Sara Pataanguuna principles  was contained in the meaning and function of the houses symbols.
Prinsip Desain Geometri Arsitektur Tadao Ando
Authors: Hassan Soraya Masthura
Published: December 2017

Geometry has shown that the architecture was an expression of man and a basic principle that were always presented on an architectural work. The research was conducted through two steps with the first step was to identified the Tadao Ando’s geometry design principle through a content analysis approach. Based on the textual review, Tadao Ando's geometry design principle was tend to select the simple geometric forms as the embodiment of the building shapes. An user spatial experiences were created through inter space relationships and interactions with the surrounding environment through the geometry and shape processing and became the central to his architectural work creation. In other words, pure geometry concept was the instrument to presented all of those. The second step was to compared Tadao Ando's geometry design principles in the monistic architecture to the pluralistic architecture catagories using a precedent analysis approach. The comparisons toward the geometrical principles were more complex and quite varied geometric shapes in pluralistic architecture while simple geometric shapes can be found in the monistic architecture,as well as interlinked circular paths in pluralistic architecture which shaped by the ‘direction wall’ rather than a simple circulation path in the monistic architecture, and the wall-formed angle was a multiple of 15° in monistic architecture but varying angles in the pluralistic architecture.
PENGGUNAAN BENTUK DAN POSISI CELAH PELOLOSAN PADA BUBU LIPAT KEPITING BAKAU (Shape and Position Escape Gap Application of Collapsible Mud Crab Trap)
Authors: Susanto Adi , Irnawati Ririn
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The use of capture technology is not environmentally friendly and low public awareness to restore the Mud crab (Scylla sp.) that still poses a threat to small crab in natural resource conservation. The use of a gap for passage of the mud crab trap folding is one of the fishing technology innovations that will increase the size of crabs caught making it more environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the size, shape and position of mounting an effective escape gap on collapsible traps for mud crabs that have not passed a decent catch. The method used was a laboratory experiment conducted on Fisheries Department UNTIRTA using escape gap is 2 boxes (50x50) mm and rectangular (60x36) mm mounted on the top and bottom position of the mouth traps. The results showed that the folding rectangular traps more effective mud crab that has not passed a decent escape capture by the percentage reaches 65%. Position mounting a more effective escape gap is at the bottom position of the mouth traps with crab escape frequency percentage of 54%.
Key words: collapsible trap, escape gap, fishing technology, mud crab

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ABSTRAK
Penggunaan teknologi penangkapan yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mengembalikan kepiting bakau yang masih berukuran kecil memberikan ancaman terhadap kelestarian sumberdaya kepiting di alam. Penggunaan celah pelolosan pada bubu lipat kepiting bakau merupakan salah satu inovasi teknologi penangkapan yang akan meningkatkan ukuran kepiting yang tertangkap sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ukuran, bentuk dan posisi pemasangan celah pelolosan yang efektif pada bubu lipat untuk meloloskan kepiting bakau yang belum layak tangkap. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah percobaan laboratorium yang dilakukan di Jurusan Perikanan UNTIRTA dengan menggunakan 2 celah pelolosan yaitu kotak (50x50) mm dan persegi panjang (60x36) mm yang dipasang pada posisi atas dan bawah mulut bubu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bubu lipat berbentuk persegi panjang lebih efektif meloloskan kepiting bakau yang belum layak tangkap dengan persentase pelolosan mencapai 65%. Posisi pemasangan celah pelolosan yang lebih efektif adalah pada posisi bawah mulut bubu dengan persentase pelolosan mencapai 54%.
Kata kunci: bubu lipat, celah pelolosan, teknologi penangkapan, kepiting bakau
Comparison of Feeding Value of Some Popular Tree Fodders for Goats in the Mid-hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Tulasi Prasad , Adhikari Devi Prasad , Ghimire Ram Prasad
Published: December 2017

Large numbers of species of tree fodder are being used as green roughage source for goats in several farming systems. A study was carried out at Goat Research Station, Bandipur, Nepal in order to compare the feeding value of commonly used tree fodder leaves in mid-hills of Nepal. Altogether five treatments; tree fodder leaves of Ficus semicordata, Shorea robusta, Ficus glaberrima and Ficus lacor and mixed fodder as the conventional practices of the farmers were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Total of 30 male goats were used for the experiment in five groups, 6 for each treatment. The subsequent experiment was carried out to determine the nutrient digestibility of the tree fodder leaves by using fecal collection method. Nutrient composition, voluntary intake and nutrient digestibility of the fodder leaves and growth performance of goats were monitored. Crude protein (CP), total ash (TA), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicelluloses and cellulose proportion were better for F. glaberrima and F. lacor leaves, whereas the digestibility of those nutrients were better for F. semicordata leaves and moderate for F. glaberrima and S. robusta. Voluntary fodder dry matter intake was highest for F. glaberrima and least for mixed fodders. Growth performance of goats was higher for F. lacor and F. glaberrima than other tree fodder leaves and mixed fodders. The leaves of F. lacor and F. glaberrima had shown better feeding value than the conventional practices of farmers, mixed fodders. The leaves of S. robusta and F. semicordata were observed similar with the mixed fodders for their feeding value.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 442-448
Association and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Different Genotypes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kandel Manoj , Bastola Arjun , Sapkota Pradeep , Chaudhary Omprakash , Dhakal Pratiksha , Chalise Pushpa
Published: December 2017

Forty-one wheat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications at experimental farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Paklihawa, Rupendehi, Nepal in 2014 spring season. The objective of this study was undertaken to estimate the correlation and path coefficient of yield and its contributing traits The data showed that the grain yield had significant associated with biomass and significant correlation with number of effective tillers (0.36*), thousand grain weight (0.376*) and harvest index (0.37*). Path coefficient analysis revealed maximum positive direct contribution towards yield by biomass (0.94) and harvest index (0.3).The study suggested that these traits may serve as effective selection attributes during breeding program for yield improvement in wheat.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 449-453.
Effect of Mother Plant Nutrition on Seed Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum.L) in Central Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Paneru Prakash , Bhattachan Birendra Kumar , Amgain Lal Prasad , Dhakal Suman , Yadav Bisheswar Prasad , Gyawaly Pankaj
Published: December 2017

Seed quality is the major concern for future crop production which largely depends on the nutrient we applied. To evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and seed quality of wheat an experiment was conducted during 2014/15 at agronomy research block of Agriculture and Forestry University. The experiment was designed on randomized complete block experiment with four levels of Nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha) and Phosphorus (0, 25, 50, 75 kg P205/ha) Lab experiment was conducted to evaluate the germination and vigor test of the progeny seeds obtained from the mother plant. Highest grain yield (3.64t/ha) was associated with 100 kg N/ha which was statically similar with 150 kg N/ha, similarly highest grain yield (3.14t/ha) was associated with 75 kg P/ha which was at par with 50 kg P/ha and 25 kg P/ha. Highest germination percentage was associated with 150 kg N/ha (94.08) and 75 kg P/ha (93.66) Highest vigor was observed (36.5) at 100 kg N/ha which was at par with 150 kg N/ha whereas highest vigor was obtained at 50 kg P/ha (35.77) which was at par with 75 kg P/ha (35.71) Gross return, Net return and Benefit Cost ratio was highest at 100 kg N/ha which was at par with 150 kg N/ha. Similarly highest gross return (104.9 thousands) was observed at 75 kg P/ha, highest net income (54.81 thousands), and benefit cost ratio (2.105) was observed with 50 kg P/ha. Therefore for the better yield, good economic return and good seed quality application of nitrogenous fertilizers at 100 kg N/ha and phosphorus at 50 kg P/ha is useful under Chitwan condition.
Study of the Osteoporotic Changes in Postmenopausal Women with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jahan Ayesha , Begum Rokeya , Shamsuddin Khaled Bin
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Osteoporosis and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are common medical conditions in the society with an increasing prevalence in elderly people. Osteoporosis is more common in female than male and postmenopausal women are vulnerable to it.   Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and, thereby, to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis in them.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at National institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS), BSMMU campus, Shahbagh, Dhaka, over a period of one year. 175 postmenopausal women were enrolled as study subjects, among them 72 (41.10%) were diabetic and rest 103 (59.90%) were nondiabetic and they were assigned as Group-I and Group-II respectively. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by central DEXA device at lumbar spines and left femoral neck of each study subject.   Results: The mean (±SD) ages of group-I and group-II were 58.79 (±8.06) and 58.27 (±8.39) respectively with an age range of 45 to 75 years in both cases. A total of 30 (41.66%) patients in diabetic group (group-I) and 40 (38.83%) patients in non-diabetic (group-II) had osteoporosis at lumbar spines. On the other hand, 40 (56.94%) patients in group-I and 58 (56.31%) patients in group-II had osteoporosis at femoral neck. The Odds Ratios of osteoporosis for lumbar spines and femoral. neck were 1.125 and 1.026 respectively. The differences of frequencies of osteoporosis between group-I and group-II were not statistically significant at any anatomical site and the association between osteoporosis and type-2 diabetes mellitus was not significant. According to Odds Ratio type-2 diabetes mellitus was not a risk factor for developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.   Conclusion: Postmenopausal women are prone to develop osteoporosis and type-2 diabetes mellitus may have adverse influence on osteoporosis, which was supported by few previous studies. This study could not establish any significant effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 21-26, January 2015
Motion Detection Methods in SPECT – A Review
Authors: Hossain Md Nahid , Quadir Kamila Afroj
Published: December 2017

In SPECT, data acquisition occurs over a relatively long time. During the whole acquisition time the patient must lie still, which is very difficult. Therefore, patient movement is frequently reported in clinical applications. These movements cause misalignment of the projection frames and may introduce artifacts. To overcome this, motion detection and correction techniques are applied to improve image quality. In this work, we have reviewed the detection methods for the SPECT motion. Motion detection methods are classified into two categories. These are either external or internal base motion detection. External motion detection are based on hardware using external device which also independently corrects artifacts due to motion. Motion detection data information is separate from the actual image data. Internal motion detection occurs from software or algorithm base using the measured data itself to detect motion. Both external and internal base methods are effective for motion detection in SPECT.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 54-60, January 2015
Plenary Session
Authors: Hasan Mizanul
Published: December 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 90-107, January 2015
Simultaneous Optimization of Road Tolls and Tradable Credits in Public-private Mixed Networks
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Xiaoning , Wang Hua
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates a hybrid management policy of road tolls and tradable credits in mixed road networks with both public and private roads. In the public sub-network, a tradable credit scheme is applied to mitigate traffic congestion. In the private sub-network, tolls are collected by the private company, but the toll levels and toll locations are determined by the government. The purpose of toll charge is two-fold: on the one hand, the government uses it as a tool for mitigating congestion; on the other hand, a threshold of revenue should be guaranteed for the profitability of the private company. A bi-level programming model is formulated to minimize the total travel time in the network by taking into account the user equilibrium travel behaviour and the revenue requirement of private firms. To obtain a  global optimum solution, the bi-level model is transformed into an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear program that can be easily solved with commercial software. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. It is shown that the mixed management schemes can achieve favourable targets, namely, joint implementation of road tolls and tradable credits can effectively mitigate traffic congestion and meanwhile maintain reasonable revenue for the private company.
Aircraft Repair and Withdrawal Costs Generated by Bird Collision with the Windshield
Authors: Nešić Aleksandra , Čokorilo Olja , Steiner Sanja
Published: December 2017

According to available data released by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in the period from 1990 to 2007, more than 94,743 collisions with birds occurred on the territory of US, UK and Canada. In some parts of the world bird population is significantly growing. Also, the number of aircraft operations has increased in recent decades, and more importantly, their increase is expected in the future as well. In these conditions, the number of aircraft collisions with birds is expected to grow. Bird strikes are affecting safety and also generate additional costs in air traffic. This paper will show what type of bird strike costs exist with focus on repair and withdrawal of bird strike costs. Repair and withdrawal costs due to bird strike are specific because they could vary from insignificant amount up to millions of dollars and because of its unpredictability.
F
uchsiella
Authors: Zhilina Tatyana N.
Published: December 2017

Fuch.si.el'la. N. L. fem. dim. n.
Fuchsiella
named in the honor of Professor Georg Fuchs (Freiburg), who made a major contribution to our understanding of multiple pathways of CO
2
assimilation by microorganisms.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Halanaerobiales / Halobacteroidaceae / Fuchsiella

The genus
Fuchsiella
is represented by flexible, spore‐forming rods, which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Cell wall has Gram‐stain‐negative structure. Reproduce by cell division, often unequal. Members of the species are strictly anaerobic and mesophilic, extremely alkaliphilic and natronophilic, developing in soda brines at pH 8.5–10.5. Members of the genus
Fuchsiella
require high‐salt medium and obligately depend on sodium carbonates. Possess a respiratory type of homoacetogenic metabolism. Able to grow chemolithoautotrophically with H
2
as an electron donor or chemoorganotrophically with some alcohols and organic acids.
Fuchsiella
spp. can reduce nitrate, selenate, anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate, ferric iron, elemental sulfur, and to less extent thiosulfate as electron acceptors. Acetate is the main metabolic product. The major fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15
, C
14:0
, and C
16:0
and the aldehydes C
16
, C
14
, and anteiso‐C
15
. Members of the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Clostridia
, order
Halanaerobiales
, family
Halobacteroidaceae
. Known habitats are highly hypersaline soda lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 32.0–34.6 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Fuchsiella alkaliacetigena
Zhilina, Zavarzina, Panteleeva, Osipov, Kostrikina, Tourova and Zavarzin 2012, 1671
VP
.
A
lbidovulum
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Froufe Hugo , Egas Conceição , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S.
Published: December 2017

Al.bid.o'vu.lum, L. adj.
albidus
, whitish, white; L neut. n.
ovum
, egg; N.L. neut. n.
ovulum
, small egg; N.L. neut. n.
Albidovulum
, small whitish egg.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Albidovulum

Rod‐shaped cells, 0.4–2.0 µm in width and 1.4–6.0 µm in length. Some species are motile. Endospores are not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are nonpigmented. Slightly thermophilic and slightly halophilic. Strictly aerobic. Oxidase and catalase positive. Facultatively mixotrophic. Thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate with enhancement of growth in the presence of utilizable carbon sources by the type species. Growth factors are not necessary for growth in minimal medium. A large number of sugars, polyols, amino acids, and organic acids serve as single carbon sources. Bacteriochlorophyll
a
and
puf
genes are not present;
sox
genes are present. Major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 10 (U‐10). Major polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Major fatty acids are straight chain. Isolated from hydrothermal areas.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.6–70.6% (HPLC).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.8–68.2% (Genome).

Type species
:
Albidovulum inexpectatum
Albuquerque, Santos, Travassos, Nobre, Rainey, Wait, Empadinhas, Silva and da Costa 2003, 1
VP
. (Effective publication: Albuquerque, Santos, Travassos, Nobre, Rainey, Wait, Empadinhas, Silva and da Costa 2002, 4272)
Imperceptible Epidermal–Iontronic Interface for Wearable Sensing
Authors: Zhu Zijie , Li Ruya , Pan Tingrui
Published: December 2017

Recent development of epidermal electronics provides an enabling means to continuous monitoring of physiological signals and close tracking of physical activities without affecting quality of life. Such devices require high sensitivity for low‐magnitude signal detection, noise reduction for motion artifacts, imperceptible wearability with long‐term comfortableness, and low‐cost production for scalable manufacturing. However, the existing epidermal pressure sensing devices, usually involving complex multilayer structures, have not fully addressed the aforementioned challenges. Here, the first epidermal–iontronic interface (EII) is successfully introduced incorporating both single‐sided iontronic devices and the skin itself as the pressure sensing architectures, allowing an ultrathin, flexible, and imperceptible packaging with conformal epidermal contact. Notably, utilizing skin as part of the EII sensor, high pressure sensitivity and high signal‐to‐noise ratios are achieved, along with ultralow motion artifacts for both internal (body) and external (environmental) mechanical stimuli. Monitoring of various vital signals, such as blood pressure waveforms, respiration waveforms, muscle activities and artificial tactile sensation, is successfully demonstrated, implicating a broad applicability of the EII devices for emerging wearable applications.
Simulation of full‐scale reverse osmosis filtration system for the removal of N‐nitrosodimethylamine from wastewater
Authors: Al‐Obaidi M.A. , Kara‐Zaïtri C. , Mujtaba I.M.
Published: December 2017

Reverse osmosis (RO) is becoming one of the most promising technologies used in wastewater treatment because it offers high rate of contaminant rejection and lower energy consumption in comparison with other thermal treatment processes. Earlier research by the same authors in respect of a distributed 1‐dimensional mathematical model for a single spiral‐wound RO membrane module based on the solution–diffusion model has been used in this paper to simulate the rejection of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from wastewater in a series of 7 RO elements full‐scale treatment plant. First, the applicability of this model has been evaluated using a simulation study, and the results have been compared against experimental data gathered from the literature for a given plant. Second, further simulation and analysis studies are carried out to assess the performance of the plant for NDMA rejection and recovery rate under different operating conditions of feed pressure, flow rate, and concentration. For the studied RO configuration, it is concluded that a maximum of 55.1% NDMA rejection can be achieved, which confirms the remaining issue of lower NDMA rejection.
Pain begets pain. When marathon runners are not in pain anymore, they underestimate their memory of marathon pain––A mediation analysis
Authors: Bąbel P. , Bajcar E. A. , Śmieja M. , Adamczyk W. , Świder K. , Kicman P. , Lisińska N.
Published: December 2017

Background

A previous study has shown that memory of pain induced by running a marathon might be underestimated. However, little is known about the factors that might influence such a memory distortion during pain recall. The aim of the study was to investigate the memory of pain induced by running a marathon and the factors that might influence it: (1) present pain during recall and (2) recall delay.

Methods

A total of 127 marathon runners participated in the study, which comprised of two phases. After completion of the marathon, participants were asked to rate the intensity and the unpleasantness of their pain. Either a week or a month later, they were asked again to rate the intensity and the unpleasantness of the remembered and present pain experience.

Results

Participants underestimated remembered pain intensity and pain unpleasantness only if they did not experience pain during recall (p < 0.05). We observed a trend for underestimation after a week (p = 0.09) and significant effect after a month (p < 0.05) of recall delay. Furthermore, present pain intensity during recall significantly mediated the memory of pain intensity induced by running the marathon, but only after a month. Similarly, present pain unpleasantness during recall significantly mediated the memory of pain unpleasantness, but only after a month.

Conclusions

It is concluded that memory of pain induced by running the marathon is underestimated after a month of recall delay and mediated by present pain during recall.

Significance

This study explores factors acting during recall, influencing memory of naturally occurring pain induced by physical effort. The empirical findings provide the first robust evidence for a causal relationship between memory of pain and present pain during recall.
Quantitative Flow Imaging in Human Umbilical Vessels In Utero Using Nongated 2D Phase Contrast MRI
Authors: Krishnamurthy Uday , Yadav Brijesh K. , Jella Pavan K. , Haacke Ewart Mark , Hernandez‐Andrade Edgar , Mody Swati , Yeo Lami , Hassan Sonia S. , Romero Roberto , Neelavalli Jaladhar
Published: December 2017

Background

Volumetric assessment of afferent blood flow rate provides a measure of global organ perfusion. Phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) is a reliable tool for volumetric flow quantification, but given the challenges with motion and lack of physiologic gating signal, such studies, in vivo on the human placenta, are scant.

Purpose

To evaluate and apply a nongated (ng) PCMRI technique for quantifying blood flow rates in utero in umbilical vessels.

Study Type

Prospective study design.

Study Population

Twenty‐four pregnant women with median gestational age (GA) 30 4/7 weeks and interquartile range (IQR) 8 1/7 weeks.

Field Strength/Sequence

All scans were performed on a 3.0T Siemens Verio system using the ng‐PCMRI technique.

Assessment

The GA‐dependent increase in umbilical vein (UV) and arterial (UA) flow was compared to previously published values. Systematic error to be expected from ng‐PCMRI, in the context of pulsatile UA flow and partial voluming, was studied through Monte‐Carlo simulations, as a function of resolution and number of averages.

Statistical Tests

Correlation between the UA and UV was evaluated using a generalized linear model.

Results

Simulations showed that ng‐PCMRI measurement variance reduced by increasing the number of averages. For vessels on the order of 2 voxels in radius, partial voluming led to 10% underestimation in the flow. In fetuses, the average flow rates in UAs and UV were measured to be 203 ± 80 ml/min and 232 ± 92 ml/min and the normalized average flow rates were 140 ± 59 ml/min/kg and 155 ± 57 ml/min/kg, respectively. Excellent correlation was found between the total arterial flow vs. corresponding venous flow, with a slope of 1.08 (P = 0.036).

Data Conclusion

Ng‐PCMRI can provide accurate volumetric flow measurements in utero in the human umbilical vessels. Care needs to be taken to ensure sufficiently high‐resolution data are acquired to minimize partial voluming‐related errors.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Camelina Sativa Oil, but not Fatty Fish or Lean Fish, Improves Serum Lipid Profile in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schwab Ursula S. , Lankinen Maria A. , de Mello Vanessa D. , Manninen Suvi M. , Kurl Sudhir , Pulkki Kari J. , Laaksonen David E. , Erkkilä Arja T.
Published: December 2017

Scope

The aim of the study is to examine whether lean fish (LF), fatty fish (FF), and camelina sativa oil (CSO), a plant‐based source of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), differ in their metabolic effects in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.

Methods and results

Altogether 79 volunteers with impaired fasting glucose, BMI 25–36 kg m–2, age 43–72 years, participated in a 12‐week randomized controlled trial with four parallel groups, that is, the FF (four fish meals/week), LF (four fish meals/week), CSO (10 g d–1 ALA), and control (limited intakes of fish and sources of ALA) groups. The proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA increase in plasma lipids in the FF group, and the proportion of ALA increase in the CSO group (p < 0.0001 for all). In the CSO group, total and LDL‐cholesterol (C) concentrations decrease compared with the FF and LF groups; LDL‐C/HDL‐C and ApoB/ApoA‐I ratios decrease compared with the LF group. There are no significant changes in glucose metabolism or markers of low‐grade inflammation.

Conclusions

A diet enriched in CSO improves serum lipid profile as compared with a diet enriched in FF or LF in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, with no differences in glucose metabolism or concentrations of inflammatory markers.
A case of pulmonary cyst and pneumothorax after bronchial thermoplasty
Authors: Funatsu Akifumi , Kobayashi Konomi , Iikura Motoyasu , Ishii Satoru , Izumi Shinyu , Sugiyama Haruhito
Published: December 2017

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a bronchoscopic treatment for severe asthma using thermal energy to reduce smooth muscle in the bronchial wall. A 47‐year‐old man underwent BT for uncontrolled severe asthma despite maximal pharmacological treatment. After a third procedure, he experienced hypoxaemia because of complete bilateral upper lobe atelectasis. A pulmonary cyst suddenly emerged in to the right middle lobe, associated with the pneumothorax on postoperative day 6, and a chest drainage tube was inserted. As atelectasis of the right upper lung suddenly improved on postoperative day 12, pneumothorax and the cyst improved. Excess stress on the middle lobe due to upper lobe collapse, and check valve due to airway oedema and phlegm, might be related to pulmonary cyst formation. Tissue fragility related to systemic steroid usage and pressure load during pulmonary function testing might influence the occurrence of pneumothorax. Severe adverse events under complete atelectasis after BT require careful attention.
The Use of Phenomenology in Nursing Education
Authors: Derico Sherika P.
Published: December 2017

AIM

The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize research to address two questions about phenomenology in nursing education: How has Husserlian phenomenology been used in nursing education? What is the importance of Husserlian phenomenology in nursing education?

BACKGROUND

Phenomenology is utilized in nursing education to explore the experiences of faculty and students.

METHOD

Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative method guided the analysis of the research. Nine articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed. Studies addressed faculty student experiences.

RESULTS

The reviewed research revealed that phenomenology is used in nursing education to understand, identify, describe, and explore various phenomena.

CONCLUSION

New knowledge gained from this integrative review about phenomenology is beneficial to nursing education.
Venous Anastomosis for Prevention of Venous Congestion in Distally Based Flaps
Authors: Ihara Jun , Imanishi Nobuaki , Kishi Kazuo
Published: December 2017

Background:

Distally based flaps are useful for the treatment of skin defects of the extremities. However, congestion in the peripheral part of the flap due to reverse flow can cause partial flap necrosis. Previously, we reported on the effectiveness of venous anastomoses to rescue peripheral congestion of distally based flaps and applied this idea in a clinical setting. In this report, we present clinical cases of distally based flaps with venous supercharge anastomoses for changing the reverse venous flow into physiological flow, thereby reducing venous congestion.

Methods:

Four patients with skin defects of the extremities (2 cases with defects of the knee and the upper third of the lower leg, 1 case of the lower third of the lower leg, and 1 case of the distal third of the forearm) were treated with local flaps (2 cases with distally based greater saphenous venoadipofascial sartorius muscle combined flaps, 1 case with a distally based lesser saphenous venoadipofascial flap, and 1 case with a distally based ulnar artery perforator flap). In each reconstruction, 1 or 2 veins in the flaps were anastomosed with superficial veins in the recipient area to change the reverse venous flow into a normal, physiologic flow.

Result:

All flaps healed completely without any obvious venous congestion or flap necrosis. The coverage quality provided by these defects was satisfactory.

Conclusions:

Adding venous anastomoses may reduce the risk of venous congestion and improve the outcomes of the distally based flaps.
Risk for Speech and Language Impairments in Preschool Age HIV-exposed Uninfected Children With In Utero Combination Antiretroviral Exposure
Authors: Rice Mabel L. , Russell Jonathan S. , Frederick Toni , Purswani Murli , Williams Paige L. , Siberry George K. , Redmond Sean M. , Hoffman Howard J. , Yao Tzy-Jyun
Published: December 2017

Background:

Perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children have elevated risk of late language emergence at 1 year of age, with possible links to in utero antiretroviral (ARV) exposure. We investigated possible risks for speech impairments (SIs) and language impairments (LI) in preschool monolingual HEU children in the United States.

Methods:

Speech and language assessments were conducted as part of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Surveillance Monitoring of ART Toxicities study at ages 3 (N = 208) and 5 (N = 429) years. Domains of speech, overall language, vocabulary and grammar were assessed. SI and LI were defined by standardized scores <15th percentile and categorized as primary (normal nonverbal IQ ≥ 85 without hearing loss) and concomitant (low nonverbal IQ and/or presence of hearing loss). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of SI and LI for different ARV exposures, adjusted for confounding variables.

Results:

The risk for language impairments in HEU children was higher than population norms; risk for SIs was not elevated. Risk factors for impairments included male sex, black race and other socioeconomic measures, although these varied by age, primary (P) versus concomitant (C) impairment and by speech or language measure. Adjusted logistic regression models revealed lower and increased risk for specific ARVs. Tenofovir exposure was associated with increased risk for SI at 3 years of age but was associated with decreased risk for concomitant language impairment at 5 years of age.

Conclusions:

Further investigation of combination ARV exposure and speech/language impairment among preschool children is needed to confirm associations.
Shivering Treatments for Targeted Temperature Management: A Review
Authors: Jain Akash , Gray Maria , Slisz Stephanie , Haymore Joseph , Badjatia Neeraj , Kulstad Erik
Published: December 2017

Background: Shivering is common during targeted temperature management, and control of shivering can be challenging if clinicians are not familiar with the available options and recommended approaches. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to summarize the most relevant literature regarding various treatments available for control of shivering and suggest a recommended approach based on latest data. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar were used to identify studies for the literature review using the following keywords alone or in combination: “shivering treatment,” “therapeutic hypothermia,” “core temperature modulation devices,” and “targeted temperature management.” Results: Nonpharmacologic methods were found to have a very low adverse effect profile and ease of use but some limitations in complete control of shivering. Pharmacologic methods can effectively control shivering, but some have adverse effects, such that risks and benefits to the patient have to be balanced. Conclusion: An approach is provided which suggests that treatment for shivering control in targeted temperature management should be initiated before the onset of therapeutic hypothermia or prior to any attempt at lowering patient core temperature, with medications including acetaminophen, buspirone, and magnesium sulfate, ideally with the addition of skin counterwarming. After that, shivering intervention should be determined with the help of a shivering scale, and stepwise escalation can be implemented that balances shivering treatment with sedation, aiming to provide the most shivering reduction with the least sedating medications and reserving paralytics for the last line of treatment.
Effects of Maintenance on Quality of Performance of Cryotherapy Devices for Treatment of Precancerous Cervical Lesions
Authors: Maza Mauricio , Figueroa Ruben , Laskow Bari , Juárez Alexa , Alfaro Karla , Alonzo Todd A. , Felix Juan C. , Gage Julia C. , Cremer Miriam
Published: December 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of maintenance on performance of cryosurgical equipment used in El Salvador primary health clinics.

Materials and Methods

Nine gynecological cryotherapy devices used in El Salvador were bench tested against a new machine of the same make and model. The devices were run for five successive double-freeze cycles. The El Salvador machines then received maintenance by a specialized engineer and another double-freeze cycle was performed. Temperature at the device probe tip was recorded throughout each cycle and ballistic gelatin was used as the tissue analogue to measure freeze ball dimensions achieved by the devices. Outcome measures were mean lowest-sustained temperatures and freeze ball mean weight, depth, and diameter. Paired and unpaired t tests were used to compare results premaintenance versus postmaintenance and postmaintenance versus the reference, respectively.

Results

Premaintenance versus postmaintenance freeze ball dimensions were significantly different (mean differences in weight = 2.31 g, p = .01; depth = 2.29 mm, p = .03; diameter = 3.51 mm, p = .02). However, postmaintenance dimensions were not significantly different than those of the reference (weight = 7.44 g vs. 8.39 g, p = .07; depth = 10.71 vs. 11.24 mm, p = .1; diameter = 31.38 mm vs. 32.05 mm, p = .3). Postmaintenance, minimum, and lowest-sustained temperatures were within the recommended clinical range.

Conclusions

Specialized maintenance was necessary for heavily used cryotherapy devices to perform adequately, highlighting the challenges of gas-based cryotherapy in low- and middle-income countries.
A Rare Case of Fatal Bowel Obstruction Secondary to a Colonic Bezoar
Authors: Caputo Fiorella , Barranco Rosario , Bonsignore Alessandro , Fraternali Orcioni Giulio , Ventura Francesco
Published: December 2017

A bezoar is a mass of undigested, or partially digested, material forming in the lumen of the gastroenteric tract, causing occlusive or subocclusive events. The most frequent types of bezoars are those composed of vegetable fibers, also called phytobezoars, which, by virtue of their high content in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, remain undigested in the stomach and intestines and, from there, can migrate and occlude the narrowest portions of the bowel. The areas that are most frequently affected by occlusive phenomena related to the presence of bezoars are the stomach and the small intestine, although colic localizations are extremely rare. In this article, we have studied the case of a fatal colic obstruction caused by a phytobezoar in an 84-year-old woman who was found dead at her home. The autopsy revealed that the cause of the obstruction was a large artichoke fragment occluding the central part of the descending colon. Additional histological examinations confirmed that the death was attributable to bowel obstruction resulting in acute peritonitis.
A Fire Extinguisher Death
Authors: Blumenthal Ryan , Hänert-van der Zee Brigitte
Published: December 2017

We present the case of an adult white man found dead in a psychiatric institution with fine white powder (monoammonium phosphate) deposited over the entire face after he insufflated the contents of a dry chemical fire extinguisher. Fine white powder was present within the mouth and sinuses and lined the upper airways. On opening the thoracic cavity, approximately 500 g of fine white powder was present within the right thoracic cavity. The esophagus was ruptured. Traumatic emphysema of the posterior sternum wall was present (pneumomediastinum). The ethmoid bones were fractured by the barotrauma. On polarization of the lung tissue, birefringent material was noted deposited along the bronchovascular sheaths and in a subpleural distribution. Death was probably due to a combination of barotrauma and asphyxia.

This case study provides strong evidence in support of the etiology and pathophysiology of the Macklin effect. It also provides for the first visual evidence of the phenomenon.
Treatment Effect of Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Quantified by Automatic Comparative Imaging in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
Authors: Zhai Zhiwei , Ota Hideki , Staring Marius , Stolk Jan , Sugimura Koichiro , Takase Kei , Stoel Berend C.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) can have variable outcomes. To gain more insight into this variation, we designed a method for visualizing and quantifying changes in pulmonary perfusion by automatically comparing computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography before and after BPA treatment. We validated these quantifications of perfusion changes against hemodynamic changes measured with right-sided heart catheterization.

Materials and Methods

We studied 14 consecutive CTEPH patients (12 women; age, 70.5 ± 24), who underwent CT pulmonary angiography and right-sided heart catheterization, before and after BPA. Posttreatment images were registered to pretreatment CT scans (using the Elastix toolbox) to obtain corresponding locations. Pulmonary vascular trees and their centerlines were detected using a graph cuts method and a distance transform method, respectively. Areas distal from vessels were defined as pulmonary parenchyma. Subsequently, the density changes within the vascular centerlines and parenchymal areas were calculated and corrected for inspiration level differences. For visualization, the densitometric changes were displayed in color-coded overlays. For quantification, the median and interquartile range of the density changes in the vascular and parenchymal areas (ΔVD and ΔPD) were calculated. The recorded changes in hemodynamic parameters, including changes in systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary artery pressure (ΔsPAP, ΔdPAP, and ΔmPAP, respectively) and vascular resistance (ΔPVR), were used as reference assessments of the treatment effect. Spearman correlation coefficients were employed to investigate the correlations between changes in perfusion and hemodynamic changes.

Results

Comparative imaging maps showed distinct patterns in perfusion changes among patients. Within pulmonary vessels, the interquartile range of ΔVD correlated significantly with ΔsPAP (R = −0.58, P = 0.03), ΔdPAP (R = −0.71, P = 0.005), ΔmPAP (R = −0.71, P = 0.005), and ΔPVR (R = −0.77, P = 0.001). In the parenchyma, the median of ΔPD had significant correlations with ΔdPAP (R = −0.58, P = 0.030) and ΔmPAP (R = −0.59, P = 0.025).

Conclusions

Comparative imaging analysis in CTEPH patients offers insight into differences in BPA treatment effect. Quantification of perfusion changes provides noninvasive measures that reflect hemodynamic changes.
Progesterone concentrations and dosage with frozen embryo transfers – What's best?
Authors: Basnayake Surabhi Kumble , Volovsky Michelle , Rombauts Luk , Osianlis Tiki , Vollenhoven Beverley , Healey Martin
Published: December 2017

Background

There is a lack of consensus on the optimal dose and form of progesterone supplementation during frozen‐thawed embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy.

Aims

We aim to identify the serum progesterone concentration on day 16 most likely to result in positive pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and methods

We undertook a retrospective study of 4582 women who underwent frozen embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy, or natural frozen embryo transfer, over 14 years at a multi‐site private in vitro fertilisation clinic. Embryos were 3–5 days of age at time of transfer. We extracted data on serum progesterone concentrations and outcomes, as well as dose and form of progesterone supplementation, from patient and pharmacy records.

Results

Increased live birth rates for frozen embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy were seen with day 16 serum progesterone concentrations >50 nmol/L (26.4% vs 11.3% for <50 nmol/L; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.14 (95% CI 2.21–4.48)). Similarly, a decreased pregnancy loss rate was seen in this group (14.3% vs 32.6% for ≤50 nmol/L; adjusted OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.12–0.58)). There was a positive correlation between live births and the number of progesterone doses per day (r = 0.119, P = 0.026) and day 16 progesterone concentrations (r = 0.128, P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Improved pregnancy outcomes are seen with day 16 serum progesterone concentrations >50 nmol/L. There is a statistically significant correlation between live births, number of progesterone doses per day and day 16 serum progesterone concentrations in this study.
Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Azevedo Guilherme H. F. , Griswold Charles E. , Santos Adalberto J.
Published: December 2017

Gnaphosidae Pocock are a very diverse spider family with remarkable spinning organ morphology. Although the family has received intense taxonomic attention in recent years, its intergeneric relationships remain obscure. A phylogenetic analysis of Gnaphosidae genera was performed to untangle the evolutionary history of the family. A matrix of 324 morphological characters, scored for 71 gnaphosid genera and 29 outgroup taxa, was analysed through parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Gnaphosidae are not recovered as a monophyletic group, neither were most of the previously proposed intrafamiliar groupings. In accordance with the phylogenetic results obtained, Vectius Simon and Hemicloea Thorell are transferred to Trochanteriidae, and Xenoplectus Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin to Liocranidae. Micaria Westring, Nauhea Forster and Verita Ramírez & Grismado (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, although their phylogenetic placement is uncertain. Gnaphosidae s.s. are defined as spiders with enlarged piriform gland spigots, longer and wider than the major ampullate gland spigots. Within Gnaphosidae s.s., well‐supported clades allow the redefinition, on the basis of quantitative phylogenetic evidence, of Gnaphosinae Pocock, Zelotinae Platnick, Herpyllinae Platnick, Drassodinae Simon, Prodidominae Simon rank res. and the newly proposed Leptodrassinae subfam. nov. Many genera are not assigned to subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships. The homology and evolution of structures such as the claw tuft clasper, the spinning organs and the modification of cheliceral promargin are discussed.
Making local government work better: How local and internationally sponsored institutions interact to influence performance in Bosnia‐Herzegovina
Authors: Pickering Paula M. , Jusić Mirna
Published: December 2017

Why has international investment into reforming local governance in post‐conflict societies produced mixed results? Drawing on new institutionalism, the authors expect reform outcomes, even of comprehensive assistance, to be shaped by the interaction between new and old rules, an interaction mediated by local elites. This expectation is explored in three pairs of comparable municipalities in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. Using data collected through field research and an original index of local government performance, we find that most municipalities achieved incremental improvements in performance between 2005 and 2010. Differences can be explained by the varying endurance of old informal rules that antagonistically coexist with and undermine internationally proposed rules, as well as by the varying strength of local opponents of reform. The implication is that more effective promotion of local government performance requires more attention to and a long‐term approach to minimizing the constraints posed by informal rules and local actors opposed to reform.