bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young Woman with Unexplained Neutropenia and Neutrophils with Bilobed Nuclei: Marrow Findings
Authors: Barnes Martin , Shklar Victoria , Patel Dipen , Staszewski Harry
Published: September 2023

A 27-year-old female with a history of chronic sinusitis was referred for the evaluation of asymptomatic neutropenia. The differential demonstrated a mild neutropenia, which eventually resolved on subsequent evaluation. The liver and the spleen were not palpable. Peripheral flow cytometry was normal. Peripheral blood smear (PBS) demonstrated numerous Pelger–Huet anomalous neutrophils with characteristic “pince-nez” nuclei, without significant abnormalities in the other cell lines. Due to the benign clinical nature of hereditary PHA, a bone marrow biopsy is almost never required. However, our patient’s persistent and worsening neutropenia was unusual for hereditary PHA, so a bone marrow biopsy was performed to rule out MDS and leukemia. Our patient’s bone marrow smears showed dysplastic changes to other cell lines including the megakaryocytes and erythroid precursors. Due to our patient’s young age and concern that she may have a more serious marrow disorder, genetic testing was pursued. Germline testing in the LBR gene revealed a heterozygous pathogenic mutation, namely, the PR57837.17 variant, confirming the diagnosis of hereditary disease. The bone marrow biopsy performed on our patient illustrates that the presence of dysplasia does not rule out hereditary PHA and further genetic testing should be done in the appropriate clinical scenario. This case was an atypical presentation of hereditary PHA with confounding morphological features that would typically classify the disease as an acquired or pseudo-PHA, hence acting as a Pseudo-Pseudo-Pelger–Huet Anomaly.
Careyarboside A: A New Flavan-3-ol Glycoside from the Stems of Careya arborea (Lecythidaceae)
Authors: Jeong Yeon Woo , Lee Jung A. , Ahn Eun-Kyung , Kang Jae-Shin , Byun Hye Woo , Omaliss H. E. Keo , Choi Chun Whan , Hong Seong Su
Published: September 2023

A new flavan-3-ol glycoside, compound 1 (careyarboside A), was isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems of Careya arborea, together with six known compounds. Of these, three phenolic glycosides (leonuriside A, picraquassioside D, and careyarboside B) have never been previously isolated from genus Careya and family Lecythidaceae. Their chemical structures were identified using spectroscopic data, specifically HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data, including 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC. In addition, the chemical structures of the known compounds were identified through spectral comparisons with those of published values.
Comparative Performance Study of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Methods for Identification of Faults in Power Transformer
Authors: Wajid Abdul , Rehman Atiq Ur , Iqbal Sheeraz , Pushkarna Mukesh , Hussain Syed Mudassir , Kotb Hossam , Alharbi Mohammed , Zaitsev Ievgen
Published: September 2023

The power transformer is an essential component of the electrical network that can be used to step up and step down voltage. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is the most reliable method for the identification of incipient faults in power transformers. Various DGA methods are used to observe the generated key gases after oil decomposition. The main gases included are hydrogen (H2), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), methane (CH4), and ethane (C2H6). There is a lack of research that can compare the performance of various DGA methods in identification of faults in power transformer. In addition, it is also not clear which DGA method is optimal for identification of faults in power transformer. In this paper, the comparative performance study of seven DGA methods such as Roger’s ratio, key gas, IEC ratio, the Doernenburg ratio, the Duval triangle, three-ratio method, and the relative percentage of four gases is carried out in order to identify the optimal technique for fault identification in transformer. The data of various power transformers installed in “RAWAT” NTDC grid station, Islamabad, and “UCH-II” power station, Balochistan, are considered for the comparative analysis. This analysis shows that the three-ratio method provides better performance than other DGA methods in accurately identifying the faults in power transformers. The three-ratio method has 90% accuracy in identifying the faults in power transformer.
EZH2 Cooperates with BRD4-NUT to Drive NUT Carcinoma Growth by Silencing Key Tumor Suppressor Genes
Authors: Huang Yeying , Durall R. Taylor , Luong Nhi M. , Hertzler Hans J. , Huang Julianna , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Leeper Brittaney A. , Persky Nicole S. , Root David E. , Anekal Praju V. , Montero Llopis Paula D.L.M. , David Clement N. , Kutok Jeffery L. , Raimondi Alejandra , Saluja Karan , Luo Jia , Zahnow Cynthia A. , Adane Biniam , Stegmaier Kimberly , Hawkins Catherine E. , Ponne Christopher , Le Quan , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Lemieux Madeleine E. , Eagen Kyle P. , French Christopher A.
Published: September 2023

NUT carcinoma is an aggressive carcinoma driven by the BRD4-NUT fusion oncoprotein, which activates chromatin to promote expression of progrowth genes. BET bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) are a promising treatment for NUT carcinoma that can impede BRD4-NUT's ability to activate genes, but the efficacy of BETi as monotherapy is limited. Here, we demonstrated that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which silences genes through establishment of repressive chromatin, is a dependency in NUT carcinoma. Inhibition of EZH2 with the clinical compound tazemetostat potently blocked growth of NUT carcinoma cells. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that tazemetostat reversed the EZH2-specific H3K27me3 silencing mark and restored expression of multiple tumor suppressor genes while having no effect on key oncogenic BRD4-NUT–regulated genes. Indeed, H3K27me3 and H3K27ac domains were found to be mutually exclusive in NUT carcinoma cells. CDKN2A was identified as the only gene among all tazemetostat-derepressed genes to confer resistance to tazemetostat in a CRISPR-Cas9 screen. Combined inhibition of EZH2 and BET synergized to downregulate cell proliferation genes, resulting in more pronounced growth arrest and differentiation than either inhibitor alone. In preclinical models, combined tazemetostat and BETi synergistically blocked tumor growth and prolonged survival of NUT carcinoma–xenografted mice, with complete remission without relapse in one cohort. Identification of EZH2 as a dependency in NUT carcinoma substantiates the reliance of NUT carcinoma tumor cells on epigenetic dysregulation of functionally opposite, yet highly complementary, chromatin regulatory pathways to maintain NUT carcinoma growth.

Significance:

Repression of tumor suppressor genes, including CDKN2A, by EZH2 provides a mechanistic rationale for combining EZH2 and BET inhibitors for the clinical treatment of NUT carcinoma.

See related commentary by Kazansky and Kentsis, p. 3827
Predicting Trifluridine/Tipiracil Treatment Outcomes in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Prejac Juraj , Omrčen Tomislav , Radić Jasna , Vrdoljak Eduard , Fröbe Ana , Pleština Stjepko
Published: September 2023

Introduction: There are no recommended biomarkers to identify patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who would benefit the most from trifluridine/tipiracil (TTP). The exploratory analysis of the RECOURSE trial revealed that patients with low tumor burden and indolent disease derive greater benefit in terms of both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Nevertheless, the final answer on the TTP real impact on the well-being of patients with late-stage mCRC will come from real-world data. Methods: The aim of this retrospective exploratory study was to investigate the effectiveness of TTP in mCRC with regard to the duration of standard treatment and other influencing variables. The study included 260 patients from the three largest Croatian oncology centers who began treatment with TTP in the third or fourth line between 2018 and 2020. Results: The median OS and PFS for the entire cohort were 6.53 and 2.50 months, respectively. Patients with more aggressive disease, defined as those whose time to progression on the first two lines of standard therapy was less than 18 months, had significantly shorter PFS (2.40 vs. 2.57 months, hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.84). There was also a tendency toward shorter OS (6.10 vs. 6.30 months, HR 1.32, 95% CI: 0.99–1.78) but without statistical significance. Patients with ECOG PS 0, without liver metastases, and with RAS mutation had both longer OS and PFS. No influence was detected from other variables including age, sex, primary tumor location, and tumor burden. Conclusion: With regard to the results of the previously conducted trials, the study concludes that indolent disease, good general condition, and absence of liver metastases are positive predictive factors for TTP treatment.
As árvores e seus amigos
Authors:   Universidad de Quintana Roo, Mexico, González María Magdalena Vázquez , Moraes Gilberto José de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
Published: September 2023

“As árvores e seus amigos” é uma obra para despertar a curiosidade das crianças em temas ligados à natureza, apresentando a rede de vida existente em torno de uma árvore, com a interação de microrganismos, plantas e animais. “As árvores e seus amigos” reforça o respeito pela natureza junto ao público infantil. A intenção foi agregar ao que existe de positivo na literatura nacional dedicada à preparação das crianças para a amizade com a natureza. Escrito pelos docentes María Magdalena Vázquez González (Universidade de Quintana Roo – México) e Gilberto José de Moraes (ESALQ/USP), com ilustrações de Patrícia Milano, a obra é direcionada ao público infantil, especialmente no período escolar de ensino fundamental. Inclusive, pode ser uma base importante para professores trabalharem conhecimentos em Ciências Naturais em sala de aula.
Aplicativos de contact tracing na pandemia de covid-19 e os direitos humanos digitais em Portugal
Authors: Santos Niedja de Andrade e Silva Forte dos
Published: September 2023

O artigo teve por objeto a análise jurídica da implementação dos aplicativos de contact tracing durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Portugal à luz da legislação em torno dos direitos humanos digitais vigente no país, inclusive a novel Carta Portuguesa de Direitos Humanos na Era Digital, em vigência desde julho de 2021. O principal método de pesquisa utilizado foi a revisão bibliográfica de artigos académicos indexados internacionalmente e a análise de conteúdo de instrumentos legislativos de Portugal e da União Europeia. Também incluiu a revisão bibliográfica de notícias sobre a pandemia e a covid-19 veiculadas sobretudo na Europa. Como um dos maiores desafios de saúde pública impostos à sociedade internacional na era corrente, o controle da disseminação da covid-19 demandou uma ampla gama de medidas. Entre estas, ganharam destaque os aplicativos de busca de comunicante. Alguns dos primeiros países a enfrentar a pandemia, sobretudo na Ásia, apontaram o papel fulcral de tais tecnologias na contenção da transmissão da enfermidade. Entretanto, a eficácia depende da adesão generalizada, somente realizável com o uso mandatório. Neste caso, além das críticas político-sociais relacionadas ao solucionismo tecnológico, emergem considerações relativas aos direitos fundamentais. Analisando o cenário português, semelhante ao de muitos outros países ocidentais, inclusive o Brasil, o artigo contribui com o debate acadêmico visando o uso da tecnologia não apenas durante a pandemia de covid-19, mas em futuros cenários de emergência sanitária, nomeadamente surtos, epidemias e pandemias a serem enfrentados pela humanidade.
A new combination in Dolichandra (Bignoniaceae) from Brazil
Authors: NASCIMENTO MATHEUS , ZUNTINI ALEXANDRE R. , PASTORE JOSÉ FLORIANO B.
Published: September 2023

The Florae Fluminensis was a colonial and pioneer study about the plants of the captaincy Rio de Janeiro and localities from São Paulo state, elaborated by Friar Vellozo. In the publication of the manuscript, many problems happened and this resulted in loss of priority from names of Vellozo. But in recent years, review in the nomenclature of the species has designated the correct authorship of many names. A new combination Dolichandra coccinea, based on Vellozo's Bignonia coccinea from Florae Fluminensis, for the species currently known as D. cynanchoides is provided. This taxonomic novelty was provided along with typification, nomenclatural, and taxonomic notes.
Sinosenecio qii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a hitherto imperfectly known species from southern Hunan, China
Authors: FEI WEN-QUN , ZENG YOU-PAI , YANG QIN-ER
Published: September 2023

Sinosenecio qii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) was described on the basis of a fruiting plant from Jianghua county in southern Hunan province, China. This species has been imperfectly known because of the scantiness of material. Based on the results of our careful observations of the morphological characters of living plants within a population of this species at its type locality and the examination of its chromosome number, here we determine that S. qii is related to S. globiger in having epappose and glabrous achenes, polar and radial anther endothecial cell wall thickenings and a chromosome number of 2n = 48, but it is distinctive in having scapiform (vs. leafy) stems with only radical (vs. radical and cauline) leaves subentire (vs. shallowly 3–5-lobed), and fewer ray florets (8 vs. 13). The morphological description of S. qii is amended.
New species of Tayloriellina (lichenized Ascomycota, Teloschistaceae) from Bolivia
Authors: WILK KARINA
Published: September 2023

A new species is described in the genus Tayloriellina from the Bolivian dry Inter-Andean Valleys. Tayloriellina malmeana sp. nov. is characterized by an orange-yellow to creamy/gray, areolate-subsquamulose to granulose thallus, numerous apothecia with intensive orange discs, which dominate the thallus, and the presence of scarce globose isidia, concolorous with the thallus. The new species forms a sister lineage with T. microphyllina, reflecting their geographic origins in the Americas. Both taxa are easily distinguished by morphology because T. microphyllina produces a well-developed, dark orange thallus, distinct orange soralia, and smaller ascospores. The newly described species is discussed in reference to the poorly known South American species, “Caloplaca” byrsonimae s. lat. and “C.” trabicola.
Catalog of the Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in the entomological collections of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil, with an illustrated key for the genera occurring in Brazil (except Aeneolucentia, Jermaniella, and Pandona)
Authors: SAMPAIO ALINE , FONSECA CLAUDIO RUY VASCONCELOS DA
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a species catalog of leaf beetles of the subfamily Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in two important Brazilian institutions in the state of Amazonas (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Universidade Federal do Amazonas), providing their respective type localities, geographic distributions, as well as illustrations for all listed species (including pictures of the types of Platyphora imperialis (Stål, 1858), Platyphora excellens (Stål, 1859), Platyphora sanguinipennis (Jacoby, 1895), and Platyphora olivenca (Bechyně, 1954)), and new locality records, predators, parasites, parasitoids, and host plant for some species. In addition, we provide the first illustrated key for the genera occurring in Brazil (except Aeneolucentia, Jermaniella, and Pandona).
Emerging from Silos of Analysis: A Complexity Theory Approach to the Study of Biblical Texts
Authors: Pitcher Sophia L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter surveys a Complexity Theory (CT) approach applied in five areas of biblical scholarship: diachrony, language pedagogy, translation theory, syntax, and the Masoretic accents of the Hebrew Bible. A complexity approach to linguistic theory foremostly recog-nises that language is a complex system and accordingly aims to situate a particular subject of study within a context that more closely resembles the complex interactions of various dimensions of the system. CT is different from the other linguistic theories present-ed in this volume in that it functions as a metatheory. An under-standing of the general principles of CT can mitigate an inclination toward reductionist analysis and enable researchers to perceive fundamental properties and interactions of language phenomena that remain opaque to traditional theoretical frameworks. While an understanding of CT may not be necessary in order to appropriately account for the phenomena of complex systems, this metatheory can provide a helpful perspective for the scholar or practitioner, transforming an analysis via the questions it raises, the manner in which answers to these questions are pursued, and the conclusions ultimately drawn. A brief overview of CT is provided with particular attention to its application in the field of linguistics. Key words: Complexity Theory, complex systems, linguistics, bibli-cal studies
Antecedent Snowpack Cold Content Alters the Hydrologic Response to Extreme Rain-on-Snow Events
Authors: Katz Lisa , Lewis Gabriel , Krogh Sebastian , Drake Stephen , Hanan Erin , Hatchett Benjamin , Harpold Adrian
Published: September 2023

Predicting winter flooding is critical to protecting people and securing water resources in California’s Sierra Nevada. Rain-on-snow (ROS) events are a common cause of widespread flooding and are expected to increase in both frequency and magnitude with anthropogenic climate change in this region. ROS flood severity depends on terrestrial water input (TWI), the sum of rain and snowmelt that reaches the land surface. However, an incomplete understanding of the processes that control the flow and refreezing of liquid water in the snowpack limits flood prediction by operational and research models. We examine how antecedent snowpack conditions alter TWI during 71 ROS events between water years 1981 and 2019. Observations across a 500-m elevation gradient from the Independence Creek catchment were input into SNOWPACK, a one-dimensional, physically based snow model, initiated with the Richards equation and calibrated with collocated snow pillow observations. We compare observed “historical” and “scenario” ROS events, where we hold meteorologic conditions constant but vary snowpack conditions. Snowpack variables include cold content, snow density, liquid water content, and snow water equivalent. Results indicate that historical events with TWI > rain are associated with the largest observed streamflows. A multiple linear regression analysis of scenario events suggests that TWI is sensitive to interactions between snow density and cold content, with denser (>0.30 g cm−3) and colder (<−0.3 MJ of cold content) snowpacks retaining >50 mm of TWI. These results highlight the importance of hydraulic limitations in dense snowpacks and energy limitations in warm snowpacks for retaining liquid water that would otherwise be available as TWI for flooding.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to understand how the snowpack modulates quantities of water that reach the land surface during rain-on-snow (ROS) events. While the amount of near-term storm rainfall is reasonably predicted by meteorologists, major floods associated with ROS are more difficult to predict and are expected to increase in frequency. Our key findings are that liquid water inputs to the land surface vary with snowpack characteristics, and although many hydrologic models incorporate snowpack cold content and density to some degree, the complexity of ROS events justifies the need for additional observations to improve operational forecasting model results. Our findings suggest additional comparisons between existing forecasting models and those that physically represent the snowpack, as well as field-based observations of cold content and density and liquid water content, would be useful follow-up investigations.
Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS) of Water-Soluble Surfactants: Is it Surface-Specific?
Authors: Deal Alexandra M.
Published: September 2023

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) is commonly used to study the structure and chemistry of molecules residing at surfaces, including water surfaces, which has far-reaching applications including atmospheric chemistry and food science. However, there is some debate regarding the surface-specificity of IRRAS when examining soluble surfactants on aqueous solutions, and there is some evidence that the surface-specificity may differ between IRRAS of ionic surfactants and soluble organic acids. This paper presents infrared reflection absorption (IRRA) spectra of soluble organic acids underneath monolayers of insoluble surfactants, where the contributions from the insoluble surfactants are subtracted from the spectra to capture “subsurface effects”. These “subsurface” spectra demonstrate that IRRA spectra of soluble organic acids are surface specific, and this observation is supported by a simplified model for reflections from “subsurface” layers. Finally, the observations presented here are compared to literature observations regarding the surface-specificity of IRRAS when studying ionic surfactants. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of IRRAS for studying the structures and chemistry of soluble organic acids at aqueous surfaces.
The Everyday Patriotism: Rituals and School Environment as Continual Reminders of National Identity
Authors: Kassa Taglo
Published: September 2023

This study aims at exploring how the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) school environment and ritualized activities practiced by the students on a daily basis contribute to constructing their national identity. The data were drawn from ethnographic fieldwork involving observation of rituals and interviews with 83 informants. The findings show how the school system exposes the students to a diverse range of ritualized activities that help in the construction of national identity. The research contributes to the literature on national identity construction, specifically on ways of cultivating patriotism and national pride among school children.
Different Methods for Assessing Preservice Teachers’ Instruction: Why Measures Matter
Authors: Boguslav Arielle , Cohen Julie
Published: September 2023

Teacher preparation programs are increasingly expected to use data on preservice teacher (PST) skills to drive program improvement and provide targeted supports. Observational ratings are especially vital, but also prone to measurement issues. Scores may be influenced by factors unrelated to PSTs’ instructional skills, including rater standards. Yet we know little about how these measurement challenges play out in the preservice context specifically. Here, we investigate the reliability and sensitivity of two observational measures. We find measures collected during student teaching are especially prone to measurement issues; only 3% to 4% of variation in scores reflects consistent differences between PSTs, while 9% to 17% of variation can be attributed to the mentors with whom they work. When high scores stem not from strong instructional skills, but instead from external circumstances, we cannot use them to make consequential decisions about PSTs’ individual needs or readiness for independent teaching.
How Can Skeptics Help Venture Capitalists?
Authors: Meidan Abraham
Published: September 2023

Agassi’s radical skepticism leads to the following practical suggestion: When investors consider the likelihood that a suggested innovation will materialize, they should refer to the question: does this idea (that this innovation materializes) raise or reduce the strangeness of the world? And to answer this question, they should examine if the suggested technology is consistent with accepted scientific theories, and if it explains unexpected phenomena. This recommended method is not based on Bayesian epistemology but on a psychological theory of beliefs consistent with skepticism.
A Critique of Martha Nussbaum’s Liberal Aesthetics
Authors: Ebner-Landy Katie
Published: September 2023

While we are familiar with socialist and fascist aesthetics, liberalism is not usually thought to permit a political role for literature. Nussbaum has attempted to fill this lacuna. She sketches a “liberal aesthetics” by linking three aspects of literature to her normative proposal. The representation of suffering is connected to the capability approach; the presentation of ethical dilemmas to political liberalism; and the reaction of pity to legal and political judgment. Literature is thus hoped to contribute to the stability of liberal democracies.

For over 25 years, individual works by Nussbaum on the value of literature have been critiqued on aesthetic grounds: for not dealing with form, for denying the polyphony of texts, for having a limited conception of readerly identification, and for using an elitist and generically limited selection of material. As of yet, no criticisms have, however, considered the full oeuvre of Nussbaum’s defense of literature, and none have examined this aspect of her work in light of her political philosophy.

By placing the aesthetic and political aspects of Nussbaum’s work in conversation, this article investigates the proposed relationship between literature and liberalism. It argues that each component of Nussbaum’s liberal aesthetics contains a political danger: foreclosing discussion of intergenerational responsibility; obscuring questions about which doctrines are permissible in the public sphere; and encouraging stereotypes of marginalized people. Literature, understood like this, may risk exacerbating present tensions within liberalism, rather than bolstering its stability.
Prevalence and Prognostic Factors Associated with Early Recovery of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kreesaeng Pattraporn , Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Rachapattayakhom Ratchaporn , Roongpuvapaht Boonsam , Tanjararak Kangsadarn
Published: September 2023

Background:

The prevalence of smell dysfunction, along with its risk factors, has been evaluated in previous literature; however, little has been established regarding its relation to other factors such as disease severity, history of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, and medical treatment for COVID-19 infection. These factors may impact the overall recovery of olfaction in COVID-19 patients.

Objective:

This study investigated the prevalence of early olfactory recovery from COVID-19 infection and its associated factors.

Methods:

This study was a prospective cohort study on 348 COVID-19 patients with a new onset of anosmia or hyposmia. Smell sensation scores on the olfactory self-assessment test were collected at baseline and every week until 6 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was the prevalence of early olfactory recovery. The secondary outcomes were analyzing factors associated with early olfactory recovery and the median time to complete recovery of smell loss.

Results:

The prevalence of early olfactory recovery was 63.1% (95% CI: 0.58-0.68), and significant associated factors in multivariate analysis included patients without allergic rhinitis (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.12-4.40, P = 0.023) and no alteration of taste perception (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.57, P = 0.042). The median time to complete recovery from smell loss was 2 weeks.

Conclusion:

The present study found that the prevalence of early olfactory recovery within 2 weeks was 63.1%. The median time to olfactory recovery was also 2 weeks. Patients without allergic rhinitis and taste alteration had a significantly better chance of early recovery of olfactory function.
Inequalities in Becoming a Scholar: Race, Gender and Student-Advisor Relationships in Doctoral Education
Authors: Dinsmore Brooke , Roksa Josipa
Published: September 2023

Background:

Extensive research has documented the importance of faculty advisors for graduate students’ experiences and outcomes. Recent research has begun to provide more nuanced accounts illuminating different dimensions of advisor support as well as attending to inequalities in students’ experiences with advisors.

Purpose:

We extend the research on graduate student advisor relationships in two important ways. First, building on the concept of social capital, and in particular the work on institutional agents, we illuminate specific benefits associated with student-advisor relationships. Second, we advance prior work on inequality in advisor relationships by examining students’ experiences at the intersection of race and gender.

Research Design:

To illuminate the nuances of graduate students’ experiences with advisors, this study included interviews with 79 students pursuing PhD’s in biological sciences. Thematic coding revealed several important dimensions of benefits associated with advisor relationships. Corresponding codes were grouped into three categories, describing three groups of students with notably different experiences with advisors.

Findings:

The data revealed three distinct student-advisor relationship profiles which we term scholars, subordinates, and marginals. The three groups had vastly different experiences with access to knowledge and resources, access to networks, and cultivation of independence. Moreover, the distribution across these three groups was highly unequal with unique patterns observed at the intersection of race and gender. White men benefited from both racial and gender privilege and were notably overrepresented in the scholars group while White women and racial/ethnic minority (REM) students were more likely to be socialized as subordinates. REM men had the least favorable experiences with the majority of them being in the marginal category, along with a substantial proportion of White and REM women. Notably, even experiences of negative relationships with advisors were gendered and raced: REM men’s negative relationships with advisors were characterized by “benign neglect” while women primarily experienced conflictual relationships.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

The findings illuminate important consequences of student-advisor relationships and pronounced inequalities in who has access to benefits accrued through those relationships. Creating more equitable experiences will necessitate substantial attention to improving mentoring and eliminating gender and racial/ethnic inequalities in faculty support.
New insights into the psychology of individuals and large groups in a world of changing conflicts
Authors: Alderdice John Lord
Published: September 2023

The character of armed conflict has changed dramatically. The use of overwhelming force no longer brings victory and success. Under what conditions do supposedly weaker conflict actors ‘outpower’ stronger actors? This article argues that, throughout human history, those most willing to engage in and sustain extreme conflict have not been rational actors but ‘devoted actors’ driven by faith in defending or advancing their non-negotiable ‘sacred values’, whether religious or secular. Bringing into dialogue insights from large group psychology, neuroscience, and epigenetics with political science, this article demonstrates how two factors can help explain apparently non-rational elements of human functioning during armed conflict: first, the biological substrate helps elucidate why and how rational actor models seem to underestimate the influence of ‘right and wrong’ in people’s behaviour; second, the complex psychology of large groups often drives people to engage in action that may not be in their own individual interests.
Investigation of the Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence Between Family Harmony and Well-Being Among High School Students in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Bilal , Cenkseven Önder Fulya
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the mediating role of sense of coherence between family harmony and well-being in high school students. The study was conducted with 405 students, 226 (55.8%) females and 179 (44.2%) males. The participants’ age ranged between 14 and 18. Data were collected through the Family Harmony Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Adolescent Well-being Scale. Structural equation modeling and Bootstrapping procedures were performed for the analyses. Results showed that family harmony predicted well-being positively. Sense of coherence predicted well-being positively. Family harmony predicted sense of coherence positively. Sense of coherence had a mediating role in the relationship between family harmony and well-being. Bootstrapping results showed that sense of coherence had a partial mediating role in the relationship between family harmony and well-being. The results were discussed in line with the literature, and recommendations were made for practitioners and researchers.
What do people look for in a potential partner after the age of 50?
Authors: Fernández-Alonso Mercedes
Published: September 2023

The intimate relationships of the older population have seldom been analyzed from a sociological perspective. This study provides novel information on what is desired in a partner after the age of 50 in Spain. The academic debate on this topic has been limited. Therefore, the contribution of this article is mainly an exploration of the empirical data. The database used is the Spanish General Social Survey prepared by the Sociological Research Center. The results indicate that personality is the most valued factor, followed by values and physical appearance. The variables with the greatest explanatory power in the estimated multinomial logit model are age, sex, level of education and cohabitation status. Educational homogamy appears among those with higher levels of education, with men more interested in physical appearance and women more interested in values and education. These last two characteristics are also more highly valued among those who are older.
Creative industries spatial policy in the United Kingdom, 1995–present
Authors: Swords Jon , Prescott Rebecca
Published: September 2023

The aim of this article is to explore the construction of spatial policy for the creative industries in the UK over the last three decades. The nature of much creative work benefits from, and therefore leads to co-location of firms, practitioners, supporting organisations and infrastructure. Since the advantages of a buoyant creative economy were recognised by policymakers in the 1990s, developing spatial policy to enhance these benefits has been a focus for governments at various scales across the world. These policies have been prompted by changing motivations, with different aims and using different interventions. This article traces UK’s central government interventions in the creative industries since the mid-1990s. UK creative industries policy has been incredibly influential and exported around the world, and this influence has led to a great deal of examination and critique, meaning there is plenty of literature for us to review. We begin by tracing the development of creative industries spatial policy in the UK through three time periods: mid-1990s–2009, 2010–2020, and 2020–present day. In so doing, we identify the interplay of policy and academic work, highlight key ideological drivers for policy development and offer critique of prevailing policy discourses.
A Metacognitive Analysis of Conceptual Thinking in Spiritual Formation Utilizing Vygotsky's Concept Theory
Authors: Pietsch Evan Phillip
Published: September 2023

Many works have enriched the historical body of Christ by advancing the need for Christians to become better theologians so that they may, in turn, disciple others unto maturity. While Bible studies are crucial for Christian growth, Christians must employ systematic doctrines of the Scripture to learn to think theologically. This article introduces the Theological Concept Formation model, which can help mature Christians better understand how to connect different concepts in the Scriptures to disciple others and educate them toward maturity in Christ. The proposed model is based on the Vygotskian concept formation model, which provides a suitable framework for Christian scholars and educators to teach theological cognition using theological concepts. Firstly, this article proposes that Scripture is the purposive language of the imago Dei. Secondly, Scripture purports an analogous association with human development and Christian maturity.
Design and evaluation of moringa gum-based hydrogel dressings for cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Iqbal Yasir , Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid , Chauhdary Zunera , Ijaz Hussain Abdullah , Khan Ikram Ullah
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to evaluate moringa gum (MG) and carboxymethyl moringa (CMG) for their possible use in hydrogel-based dressings to treat cutaneous wounds. Initially, MG was characterized for its physical, functional, morphological, and thermal properties. The MG and CMG have shown limited toxicity as indicated by hemolytic assay where values were less than 2.5%. Furthermore, these samples also showed antimicrobial potential. The antioxidant potential of MG was slightly greater than its carboxymethyl derivative. Afterward, MG and CMG were encapsulated in sodium alginate-based hydrogel films. These films showed good physical attributes necessary for the end application. These films were tested in an open wound model in rats. The MG containing films showed the highest % wound contraction on the 10th day, that is,79.42 ± 0.46 with low levels of IL6 and TNF alfa. Out of MG and CMG films, the native moringa gum-based thin film showed comparatively higher potential for wound healing and in the future could be a potential candidate for wound healing dressings.
Vancomycin flushing reaction after intraperitoneal vancomycin: A case report
Authors: Möhlmann Julia E , Daza Zabaleta Amely MK , van Luin Matthijs , Abrahams Alferso C
Published: September 2023

Vancomycin has been reported to cause vancomycin flushing reaction (VFR), a hypersensitivity reaction that mostly occurs after intravenous administration. The incidence of VFR in a patient receiving intraperitoneal vancomycin is rare. We report a case of a female peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient with a PD-related peritonitis who developed VFR after intraperitoneal administration of 2000 mg vancomycin. Seventy-five minutes after instillation, she developed flushing, a pruritic erythema on the upper body and swelling of the lips. Blood results revealed a vancomycin plasma concentration of 54.8 mg/L and a normal tryptase level. During a relapse of her PD-related peritonitis, vancomycin was successfully reintroduced in a 50% reduced dose. No symptoms of VFR developed, and the corresponding vancomycin plasma concentration was 33.6 mg/L. Intraperitoneal treatment was continued with 500 mg vancomycin every 2–3 days with frequently measured, adequate trough levels ranging from 15-22 mg/L. This case illustrates the risk factors for the development of VFR after intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin, namely a high and concentrated loading dose together with a low body weight, a fast peritoneal transport state and peritonitis. Reintroduction of vancomycin after occurrence of VFR is safe, but a lower loading dose or a slower instillation rate is recommended.
Classes Without Labor: Three Critiques of Bourdieu
Authors: Seim Josh , McCarthy Michael A.
Published: September 2023

This article offers three interrelated critiques of Bourdieusian class analysis. First, Bourdieu replaces classes on paper with capitals on paper. He offers a false break from Marx in an effort to make capital more ‘relational’ via a theory of social space, but in doing so he neglects capital’s fundamental relation to labor. Second, Bourdieu offers a theory of domination without exploitation. Bourdieu’s classes live against one another, but it remains unclear how some classes might also live off of others. Third, and as a consequence of the first two missteps, he emphasizes position over production. Bourdieu typically sees ‘production’ as a form of ‘position-taking’ and as something best examined toward the top of social hierarchies. By largely ignoring labor and exploitation, he generates a theory of positions at the expense of a theory of production.
Effect of raster and layer characteristics on tensile behavior and failure of FFF printed PLA samples by representative volume element model
Authors: Chansamai Pakkhanan , Seangpong Tirada , Uthaisangsuk Vitoon
Published: September 2023

In the fused filament fabrication (FFF) based additive manufacturing process, finding optimum printing parameters for achieving the required mechanical properties of the FFF-built part is challenging. In this study, a representative volume element (RVE) based mesoscale approach was developed to describe the influences of printing parameters on the mechanical behaviors of the 3D printed parts. It was shown that the stress-strain curves up to failure obtained from RVE simulations were well verified by experimental tensile test data of printed PLA samples. Then, effective tensile properties of samples manufactured using different raster angles (0°, 45°/−45°, and 90°) and a wide range of layer heights and widths were predicted and correlated with their respective local damage occurrences. The raster angle strongly affected the elastic modulus and tensile strength. The orientation between interlayer voids and loading direction governed local stress distribution, interface failure, and total deformation of FFF samples. An increased layer height and decreased layer width resulted in a more significant fraction of voids between layers and thus lowered stiffness and tensile strength. The introduced RVE model can serve as a simple tool for determining homogenized responses and studying local stress-strain developments and failure of complex printed parts according to the used printing parameters.
A critical review of different properties of natural fibre-reinforced composites
Authors: Samal Ankit , Kumar Sanjeev , Mural Prasanna Kumar S , Bhargava Manish , Das Sankar Narayan , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar
Published: September 2023

The eco-friendly and sustainable nature of bio-based fibres has received much interest from analysts to incorporate them into the polymer matrix. The research of filled plastic composites has sparked much attention in the recent decade as a way to address the lack of petroleum resources. The use of plastic has been prominent in almost everything, from ordinary things to complicated structures and industrial parts. Natural fibres entice researchers and scientists want to use their qualities by reinforcing them with polymers. Fibre loading percentage, size and orientation of fibres, stacking sequences, degree of interfacial adhesion, fibre surface treatments, hybridization, and integration of fillers and coupling agents all influence the qualities of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The article summarizes different chemical remedies affecting natural fibres to enhance their qualities. Effects on water absorption and tribological behaviour caused by chemical therapies were included in this study. As a result, the natural fibre-reinforced composites’ mechanical characteristics have also been discussed in the present study.
Evidence for postglacial seismicity in lacustrine records in the western Kola Peninsula (north-western Russia)
Authors: Nikolaeva Svetlana , Tolstobrov Dmitry , Ryazantsev Pavel
Published: September 2023

In this article we describe and interpret disturbances in the sedimentary records of four lakes on the western flank of Lake Imandra (NE Fennoscandia, Kola Peninsula). The research framework comprises sedimentological and textural criteria for a visual description of sedimentary structures sediment core data, chronological (radiocarbon dating) data, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. Disturbances preserved in lake sequences contain a mixture of chaotic fragments of sand, silt, polychromatic gyttja, peat, and wood fragments embedded in the organogenic matrix. The synchronicity of disturbances, fast sediment accumulation in lakes, relationship with Quaternary faults, the observed mass movements in lake sediments are interpreted as potential consequences of the earthquake shaking. A seismic event with a magnitude Mw no less than 4.5–5 and intensity of shaking I0 = IV–VI took place in the Middle Holocene, 6400–6100 cal. yr BP. Our studies show that although this area is not seismically active today, some of the main fault zones experienced short periods of reactivation also in the postglacial time, when glacioisostatic rebound after the ice retreat was already very low.
Does the Capital Structure Affect the Discretionary and Non-discretionary Firm Performance? Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thuy Thi Hong , Afifa Malik Abu , Nguyen Nha Minh
Published: September 2023

This study strives to describe how the nexus between capital structure (CAS) and firm performance (FIP) changes with and without earnings management (EAM), which previous studies have not fully addressed. For this purpose, we divide the FIP into discretionary performance (DIP) and non-discretionary performance (NDIP). Subsequently, we examine the effect of CAS on both with each studied separately to recognize the conceptual drivers in the nexus between CAS and FIP. We use the dataset of firms listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) during the period from 2018 to 2022. Our findings reveal that there is a negative and noteworthy impact of CAS proxied by leverage on both DIP and NDIP, which is in line with trade-off theory (TOT) and pecking-order theory (POT). Because non-discretionary accruals (NDA) play an important role in EAM, firm action is consistent with TOT or POT and, thus, this study suggests dividing EAM into discretionary accruals (DA) and NDA to test CAS theories. Additionally, Vietnamese firms use EAM to lessen the negative effect of CAS and firm size. Finally, besides the theoretical contributions, the findings of this study have important empirical implications for managers, shareholders and other stakeholders.
Expanding Graduate Students’ Cross- Cultural Educational Learning
Authors: Rodriguez Diane , Rodriguez Ashley , Hourieh Naser , Baca Diana , Bowens Chelsea , Interiano Eileen
Published: September 2023

Study abroad programs provide rich cultural experiences. To enhance pedagogical knowledge and teaching skills, six graduate students, accompanied by one professor engaged in an interdisciplinary educational immersion program in Kenya. This intercultural and interdisciplinary program was extremely beneficial to the students as they pursued their graduate degree, which is aligned to fostering global intercultural perspectives for leadership positions in society. The cultural and linguistic educational experience contributed to the professional development of all who participated, allowing participants to reflect on themselves in another educational environment