bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial fragmentation in the distribution of diatom endosymbionts from the taxonomically clarified dinophyte Kryptoperidinium triquetrum (= Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, Peridiniales)
Authors: Tillmann Urban , Wietkamp Stephan , Kretschmann Juliane , Chacón Juliana , Gottschling Marc
Published: May 2023

Among the photosynthetically active dinophytes, the Kryptoperidiniaceae are unique in having a diatom as endosymbiont instead of the widely present peridinin chloroplast. Phylogenetically, it is unresolved at present how the endosymbionts are inherited, and the taxonomic identities of two iconic dinophyte names,Kryptoperidinium foliaceumandKryptoperidinium triquetrum, are also unclear. Multiple strains were newly established from the type locality in the German Baltic Sea off Wismar and inspected using microscopy as well as molecular sequence diagnostics of both host and endosymbiont. All strains were bi-nucleate, shared the same plate formula (i.e., po, X, 4′, 2a, 7′′, 5c, 7s, 5′′′, 2′′′′) and exhibited a narrow and characteristically L-shaped precingular plate 7′′. Within the molecular phylogeny of Bacillariaceae, endosymbionts were scattered over the tree in a highly polyphyletic pattern, even if they were gained from different strains of a single species, namelyK. triquetrum. Notably, endosymbionts from the Baltic Sea show molecular sequences distinct from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, which is the first report of such a spatial fragmentation in a planktonic species of dinophytes. The two namesK. foliaceumandK. triquetrumare taxonomically clarified by epitypification, withK. triquetrumhaving priority over its synonymK. foliaceum. Our study underlines the need of stable taxonomy for central questions in evolutionary biology.
Genetic determination of regional connectivity in modelling the spread of COVID-19 outbreak for more efficient mitigation strategies
Authors: Salichos Leonidas , Warrell Jonathan , Cevasco Hannah , Chung Alvin , Gerstein Mark
Published: May 2023

For the COVID-19 pandemic, viral transmission has been documented in many historical and geographical contexts. Nevertheless, few studies have explicitly modeled the spatiotemporal flow based on genetic sequences, to develop mitigation strategies. Additionally, thousands of SARS-CoV-2 genomes have been sequenced with associated records, potentially providing a rich source for such spatiotemporal analysis, an unprecedented amount during a single outbreak. Here, in a case study of seven states, we model the first wave of the outbreak by determining regional connectivity from phylogenetic sequence information (i.e. “genetic connectivity”), in addition to traditional epidemiologic and demographic parameters. Our study shows nearly all of the initial outbreak can be traced to a few lineages, rather than disconnected outbreaks, indicative of a mostly continuous initial viral flow. While the geographic distance from hotspots is initially important in the modeling, genetic connectivity becomes increasingly significant later in the first wave. Moreover, our model predicts that isolated local strategies (e.g. relying on herd immunity) can negatively impact neighboring regions, suggesting more efficient mitigation is possible with unified, cross-border interventions. Finally, our results suggest that a few targeted interventions based on connectivity can have an effect similar to that of an overall lockdown. They also suggest that while successful lockdowns are very effective in mitigating an outbreak, less disciplined lockdowns quickly decrease in effectiveness. Our study provides a framework for combining phylodynamic and computational methods to identify targeted interventions.
Decomposition of musculoskeletal structures from radiographs using an improved CycleGAN framework
Authors: Nakanishi Naoki , Otake Yoshito , Hiasa Yuta , Gu Yi , Uemura Keisuke , Takao Masaki , Sugano Nobuhiko , Sato Yoshinobu
Published: May 2023

This paper presents methods of decomposition of musculoskeletal structures from radiographs into multiple individual muscle and bone structures. While existing solutions require dual-energy scan for the training dataset and are mainly applied to structures with high-intensity contrast, such as bones, we focused on multiple superimposed muscles with subtle contrast in addition to bones. The decomposition problem is formulated as an image translation problem between (1) a real X-ray image and (2) multiple digitally reconstructed radiographs, each of which contains a single muscle or bone structure, and solved using unpaired training based on the CycleGAN framework. The training dataset was created via automatic computed tomography (CT) segmentation of muscle/bone regions and virtually projecting them with geometric parameters similar to the real X-ray images. Two additional features were incorporated into the CycleGAN framework to achieve a high-resolution and accurate decomposition: hierarchical learning and reconstruction loss with the gradient correlation similarity metric. Furthermore, we introduced a new diagnostic metric for muscle asymmetry directly measured from a plain X-ray image to validate the proposed method. Our simulation and real-image experiments using real X-ray and CT images of 475 patients with hip diseases suggested that each additional feature significantly enhanced the decomposition accuracy. The experiments also evaluated the accuracy of muscle volume ratio measurement, which suggested a potential application to muscle asymmetry assessment from an X-ray image for diagnostic and therapeutic assistance. The improved CycleGAN framework can be applied for investigating the decomposition of musculoskeletal structures from single radiographs.
Classification of odors associated with migraine attacks: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Imai Noboru , Osanai Ayako , Moriya Asami , Katsuki Masahito , Kitamura Eiji
Published: May 2023

Migraine, a common primary headache disorder, is associated with various factors such as stress, hormones in women, fasting, weather, and sleep disturbance as well as odors. We aimed to categorize odors associated with migraine and explore their relationships with clinical characteristics. A total of 101 migraineurs answered a questionnaire to determine the odors associated with migraine attacks. We performed factor analysis to explore the common factors of the odors and the relationship between these factors and the clinical characteristics. The factor analysis estimated six common factors: factor 1, fetid odor; factor 2, cooking products; factor 3, oil derivatives and others; factor 4, shampoo and conditioner; factor 5, cleaning products; factor 6, perfumes, insecticides, and rose. Factor 5 also included hair styling preparations, laundry detergent, and fabric softener, usually those with floral fragrances, and factor 5 was more likely to be associated with migraine attacks in patients with chronic migraine than in those with episodic migraine (P = 0.037). Our study showed that odors associated with migraine attacks could be categorized into six groups and suggested that some chemicals were more likely associated with migraine attacks in patients with chronic migraine than in those with episodic migraine.
GC–MS based untargeted metabolomics reveals the metabolic response of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) after chronic combinatorial exposure to three different pesticides
Authors: Malla Muneer Ahmad , Dubey Anamika , Kori Rajeesh Kumar , Sharma Vandana , Kumar Ashwani , Yadav Shweta , Kumari Sheena
Published: May 2023

In this study GC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the metabolic response of earthworm; Eudriluseugeniae exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-CHL, cypermethrin-CYP, Glyphosate-GLY, and Combined-C (all three pesticides) at the concentrations of 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg. Principal component analysis of the obtained datasets revealed a clear distinction between the control and treatment groups. The mean weight of the worms in the treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Among the identified metabolites, oleic acid (~ 93.47%), lysine (~ 92.20%), glutamic acid (~ 91.81%), leucine (~ 90.20%), asparagine (~ 94.20%), methionine (~ 92.27%), malic acid (~ 93.37%), turanose (~ 95.04%), maltose (~ 92.36%), cholesta-3,5-diene (~ 86.11%), galactose (~ 93.20%), cholesterol (~ 91.56%), tocopherol (~ 85.09%), decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas myoinositol (~ 83%) and isoleucine (78.09%) increased significantly (p < 0.05) upon exposure to the CHL, CYP, GLY, and C. Overall, the findings suggest that earthworms might be a new entry point for the pesticides into the food chain. The present study highlights that metabolomics can be a reliable approach to understand the effect of different xenobiotics including pesticides on the metabolic response of earthworms.
Investigating how immersive virtual reality and active navigation mediate the experience of virtual concerts
Authors: Lo Shih-Yu , Lai Chih-Yuan
Published: May 2023

We conducted an experiment to examine how virtual reality (VR) and active navigation interact to improve audience experience in virtual concerts. To manipulate the medium, the participants were presented with concert-related audiovisual stimuli via a head-mounted VR device or a computer. To manipulate the participants’ access to different perspectives (navigation mode), they were allowed to actively switch, or were passively guided, between the audience’s perspective and the performer’s perspective. According to the results, VR and active navigation induced a higher sense of presence (feeling of being somewhere else) than did computer and passive navigation, and thus, they increased the audience’s state of flow and gave them higher degrees of satisfaction and concert-attending intention. VR and active navigation also increased the participants’ role identification (feeling of being someone else), which again gave them higher degrees of satisfaction and concert-attending intention. This research contributes to the literature supporting VR’s enhancement of concert experiences and further highlights the important relationship between action, perception, and experience satisfaction.
IL5RA as an immunogenic cell death-related predictor in progression and therapeutic response of multiple myeloma
Authors: Xu Cong , Gao Meng , Zhang Junhua , Fu Yunfeng
Published: May 2023

Previous studies have shown the potential of immunogenic cell death-related modalities in myeloma. The significance of IL5RA in myeloma and immunogenic cell death remains unknown. We analyzed IL5RA expression, the gene expression profile, and secretory protein genes related to IL5RA level using GEO data. Immunogenic cell death subgroup classification was performed using the ConsensusClusterPlus and pheatmap R package. Enrichment analyses were based on GO/KEGG analysis. After IL5RA-shRNA transfection in myeloma cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity were detected. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. IL5RA was upregulated in myeloma and progressed smoldering myeloma. We observed enrichment in pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity in the high-IL5RA group. IL5RA was also closely associated with secretory protein genes such as CST6. We observed the enrichment of cellular apoptosis and hippo signaling pathway on differential genes in the immunogenic cell death cluster. Furthermore, IL5RA was associated with immune infiltration, immunogenic cell death-related genes, immune-checkpoint-related genes, and m6A in myeloma. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed the involvement of IL5RA in apoptosis, proliferation, and drug resistance of myeloma cells. IL5RA shows the potential to be an immunogenic cell death-related predictor for myeloma.
Solar power forecasting beneath diverse weather conditions using GD and LM-artificial neural networks
Authors: Sharma Neetan , Puri Vinod , Mahajan Shubham , Abualigah Laith , Zitar Raed Abu , Gandomi Amir H.
Published: May 2023

Large-scale solar energy production is still a great deal of obstruction due to the unpredictability of solar power. The intermittent, chaotic, and random quality of solar energy supply has to be dealt with by some comprehensive solar forecasting technologies. Despite forecasting for the long-term, it becomes much more essential to predict short-term forecasts in minutes or even seconds prior. Because key factors such as sudden movement of the clouds, instantaneous deviation of temperature in ambiance, the increased proportion of relative humidity and uncertainty in the wind velocities, haziness, and rains cause the undesired up and down ramping rates, thereby affecting the solar power generation to a greater extent. This paper aims to acknowledge the extended stellar forecasting algorithm using artificial neural network common sensical aspect. Three layered systems have been suggested, consisting of an input layer, hidden layer, and output layer feed-forward in conjunction with back propagation. A prior 5-min te output forecast fed to the input layer to reduce the error has been introduced to have a more precise forecast. Weather remains the most vital input for the ANN type of modeling. The forecasting errors might enhance considerably, thereby affecting the solar power supply relatively due to the variations in the solar irradiations and temperature on any forecasting day. Prior approximation of stellar radiations exhibits a small amount of qualm depending upon climatic conditions such as temperature, shading conditions, soiling effects, relative humidity, etc. All these environmental factors incorporate uncertainty regarding the prediction of the output parameter. In such a case, the approximation of PV output could be much more suitable than direct solar radiation. This paper uses Gradient Descent (GD) and Levenberg Maquarndt Artificial Neural Network (LM-ANN) techniques to apply to data obtained and recorded milliseconds from a 100 W solar panel. The essential purpose of this paper is to establish a time perspective with the greatest deal for the output forecast of small solar power utilities. It has been observed that 5 ms to 12 h time perspective gives the best short- to medium-term prediction for April. A case study has been done in the Peer Panjal region. The data collected for four months with various parameters have been applied randomly as input data using GD and LM type of artificial neural network compared to actual solar energy data. The proposed ANN based algorithm has been used for unswerving petite term forecasting. The model output has been presented in root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error. The results exhibit a improved concurrence between the forecasted and real models. The forecasting of solar energy and load variations assists in fulfilling the cost-effective aspects.
Patterns of shade plant diversity in four agroforestry systems across Central America: a meta-analysis
Authors: Esquivel M. Jimena , Vilchez-Mendoza Sergio , Harvey Celia A. , Ospina Mayra A. , Somarriba Eduardo , Deheuvels Olivier , de M. Virginio Filho Elias , Haggar Jeremy , Detlefsen Guillermo , Cerdan Carlos , Casanoves Fernando , Ordoñez Jenny C.
Published: May 2023

Agroforestry systems can potentially increase tree diversity within agricultural landscapes, but to date, there is little understanding of the patterns of shade plant diversity within different agroforestry systems (AFS) at large spatial scales. Using compiled plant inventory data (from 23 sources, 2517 plots, and 148,255 individuals) encompassing four AFS (shaded coffee; shaded cocoa; dispersed trees on pastures; and live fences) across six countries in Central America we estimated different metrics of diversity to assess the conservation value of different AFS for shade plants. 458 shade plant species were recorded across the four agroforestry systems. Primary forest species accounted for 28% of the shade species recorded, but only 6% of the recorded individuals. No single AFS was consistently the most diverse across countries when considering rarefied species richness. Trees on pastures can potentially reach a similar species richness as cocoa and coffee systems but require sampled areas 7–30 times larger. In terms of composition, 29 species were shared across the agroforestry systems in different countries, illustrating the strong selection pressure of farmers for species that provide timber, firewood, and fruit. Our study highlights the potential contribution and limitations of different AFS for tree diversity conservation within agricultural landscapes.
Changes in selected exerkines concentration post folk-dance training are accompanied by glucose homeostasis and physical performance improvement in older adults
Authors: Rodziewicz-Flis Ewa Aleksandra , Kawa Małgorzata , Kaczor Jan Jacek , Szaro-Truchan Marzena , Flis Damian Józef , Lombardi Giovanni , Ziemann Ewa
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected exerkines concentration induced by folk-dance and balance training on physical performance, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in older adults. Participants (n = 41, age 71.3 ± 5.5 years) were randomly assigned to folk-dance (DG), balance training (BG), or control group (CG). The training was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Physical performance tests—time up and go (TUG) and 6-min walk test (6MWT), blood pressure, insulin resistance, and selected proteins induced by exercise (exerkines) were assessed at baseline and post-exercise intervention. Significant improvement in TUG (p = 0.006 for BG and 0.039 for DG) and 6MWT tests (in BG and DG p = 0.001), reduction of systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001 for BG and 0.003 for DG), and diastolic blood pressure (for BG; p = 0.001) were registered post-intervention. These positive changes were accompanied by the drop in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p = 0.002 for BG and 0.002 for DG), the increase of irisin concentration (p = 0.029 for BG and 0.022 for DG) in both groups, and DG the amelioration of insulin resistance indicators (HOMA-IR p = 0.023 and QUICKI p = 0.035). Folk-dance training significantly reduced the c-terminal agrin fragment (CAF; p = 0.024). Obtained data indicated that both training programs effectively improved physical performance and blood pressure, accompanied by changes in selected exerkines. Still, folk-dance had enhanced insulin sensitivity.
Rapid TCR:Epitope Ranker (RAPTER): a primary human T cell reactivity screening assay pairing epitope and TCR at single cell resolution
Authors: Deering Raquel P. , Blumenberg Lili , Li Lianjie , Dhanik Ankur , Jeong Se , Pourpe Stephane , Song Hang , Boucher Lauren , Ragunathan Shoba , Li Yanxia , Zhong Maggie , Kuhnert Jessica , Adler Christina , Hawkins Peter , Gupta Namita T. , Moore Michael , Ni Min , Hansen Johanna , Wei Yi , Thurston Gavin
Published: May 2023

Identifying epitopes that T cells respond to is critical for understanding T cell-mediated immunity. Traditional multimer and other single cell assays often require large blood volumes and/or expensive HLA-specific reagents and provide limited phenotypic and functional information. Here, we present the Rapid TCR:Epitope Ranker (RAPTER) assay, a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-SEQ) method that uses primary human T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) to assess functional T cell reactivity. Using hash-tag oligonucleotide (HTO) coding and T cell activation-induced markers (AIM), RAPTER defines paired epitope specificity and TCR sequence and can include RNA- and protein-level T cell phenotype information. We demonstrate that RAPTER identified specific reactivities to viral and tumor antigens at sensitivities as low as 0.15% of total CD8+ T cells, and deconvoluted low-frequency circulating HPV16-specific T cell clones from a cervical cancer patient. The specificities of TCRs identified by RAPTER for MART1, EBV, and influenza epitopes were functionally confirmed in vitro. In summary, RAPTER identifies low-frequency T cell reactivities using primary cells from low blood volumes, and the resulting paired TCR:ligand information can directly enable immunogenic antigen selection from limited patient samples for vaccine epitope inclusion, antigen-specific TCR tracking, and TCR cloning for further therapeutic development.
Enhancement of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by cross-equatorial dry intrusions
Authors: Rai Deepika , Raveh-Rubin Shira
Published: May 2023

The Indian summer monsoon affects the lives of over 1/6 of the world’s population. Precipitation extremes during summer monsoons have dire socioeconomic impacts. Yet, the mechanisms leading to these extremes are poorly understood, making their accurate forecasts and reliable future projections a longstanding challenge. Using a Lagrangian-based method, we show that precipitation extremes link to dry air intrusions from the southern midlatitudes upper troposphere, crossing the equator, and reaching the Arabian Sea. By triggering intense ocean evaporation, these dry intrusions are associated with modulated moisture transport patterns toward India and enhanced precipitation by >17% on average, often embedding local extremes. A notable example is the excessive rain that caused the devastating Kerala flood of 2018. However, depending on the wind pattern, these dry intrusions may, in some cases, decrease rainfall over land. The emerging connection of rainfall variability with midlatitude weather systems opens opportunities for improving the forecast of precipitation extremes and understanding their future projections.
Multimodal single cell analysis infers widespread enhancer co-activity in a lymphoblastoid cell line
Authors: Ziyani Chaymae , Delaneau Olivier , Ribeiro Diogo M.
Published: May 2023

Non-coding regulatory elements such as enhancers are key in controlling the cell-type specificity and spatio-temporal expression of genes. To drive stable and precise gene transcription robust to genetic variation and environmental stress, genes are often targeted by multiple enhancers with redundant action. However, it is unknown whether enhancers targeting the same gene display simultaneous activity or whether some enhancer combinations are more often co-active than others. Here, we take advantage of recent developments in single cell technology that permit assessing chromatin status (scATAC-seq) and gene expression (scRNA-seq) in the same single cells to correlate gene expression to the activity of multiple enhancers. Measuring activity patterns across 24,844 human lymphoblastoid single cells, we find that the majority of enhancers associated with the same gene display significant correlation in their chromatin profiles. For 6944 expressed genes associated with enhancers, we predict 89,885 significant enhancer-enhancer associations between nearby enhancers. We find that associated enhancers share similar transcription factor binding profiles and that gene essentiality is linked with higher enhancer co-activity. We provide a set of predicted enhancer-enhancer associations based on correlation derived from a single cell line, which can be further investigated for functional relevance.
Artificial intelligence for improved fitting of trajectories of elementary particles in dense materials immersed in a magnetic field
Authors: Alonso-Monsalve Saúl , Sgalaberna Davide , Zhao Xingyu , McGrew Clark , Rubbia André
Published: May 2023

Particle track fitting is crucial for understanding particle kinematics. In this article, we use artificial intelligence algorithms to show how to enhance the resolution of the elementary particle track fitting in dense detectors, such as plastic scintillators. We use deep learning to replace more traditional Bayesian filtering methods, drastically improving the reconstruction of the interacting particle kinematics. We show that a specific form of neural network, inherited from the field of natural language processing, is very close to the concept of a Bayesian filter that adopts a hyper-informative prior. Such a paradigm change can influence the design of future particle physics experiments and their data exploitation.
Fibrin formation and fractal organization at cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic polymer coated interfaces
Authors: Nzulumike Achebe N. O. , Biro Robert A. , Thormann Esben
Published: May 2023

Charged polymer coatings affect fibrin formation under flow and result in amorphous or fractal morphologies.
Cytotoxicity of osmium(ii) and cycloosmated half-sandwich complexes from 1-pyrenyl-containing phosphane ligands
Authors: Josa Dana , Aguilà David , Fontova Pere , Soto-Cerrato Vanessa , Herrera-Ramírez Piedad , Rafols Laia , Grabulosa Arnald , Gamez Patrick
Published: May 2023

The cytotoxicity behaviour of 10 piano-stool Os(ii) complexes and their isostructural Ru(ii) analogues was comparatively investigated.
Active-site-enriched dendritic crystal Co/Fe-doped Ni3S2electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cui Yanan , Zhang Chenxu , Li Yaxin , Du Zhengyan , Wang Chong , Yu Shansheng , Tian Hongwei , Zheng Weitao
Published: May 2023

Co5Fe5–Ni3S2is an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER due to its increased proportion of high-valent metals and its unique dendritic morphology.
Insights into Fenton-like oxidation of oxytetracycline mediated by Fe-doped porous g-C3N4 nanomaterials: synthesis, performance and mechanism
Authors: Huo Xiuqin , Yi Huan , Almatrafi Eydhah , Ma Dengsheng , Fu Yukui , Qin Lei , Xia Wu , Xiang Ling , Xu Fuhang , Yan Huchuan , Zhou Chengyun , Zeng Guangming , Lai Cui
Published: May 2023

Fe/PCN nanomaterial synthesized via a one-step self-assembly strategy was proposed to provide guidance for the removal of OTC.
Microkinetic studies for mechanism interpretation in electrocatalytic CO and CO2 reduction: current and perspective
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Obata Keisuke , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: May 2023

The accurate and reliable microkinetic modeling of electrochemical CO2 reduction requires a synergistic combination of experimental and computational approaches, alongside the use of operando spectroscopies as complementary techniques.
Determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions in raw milk, honey and groundnut shell using TSAB/MWCNT
Authors: Gayathri Jayagopi , Sivalingam Sivakumar , Sriman narayanan Sanglimuthu
Published: May 2023

Herein, we present the fabrication of an N′,N′′,N′′′,N′′′′-tetra(salicylidene)-amino benzene-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode (TSAB/MWCNT) for the voltammetric determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+.
Cyclic β-hydroxy-α-nitrosulfone isomers readily interconvert via open-chain aldehyde forms
Authors: Wade Peter A. , Tandon Ruchi , Carroll Patrick J.
Published: May 2023

Cyclic β-hydroxy-α-nitrosulfones isomerize under exceptionally mild conditions. For a cyclic β,β-dihydroxy-α-nitrosulfone, simple isomerization competes with hemiacetal formation.
Catalyst-free inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels–Alder reaction of 4,4-dicyano-2-methylenebut-3-enoates and 1,3,5-triazinanes: access to polysubstituted tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Zhu Meng , Wang Taimin , He Yixuan , Xie Lang , Zhang Jiayong , Cheng Bin
Published: May 2023

An inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels–Alder reaction between 4,4-dicyano-2-methylenebut-3-enoates and 1,3,5-triazinanes under catalyst-free and additive-free conditions was developed.
An ESIPT-based AIE fluorescent probe to visualize mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and its application in living cells and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhong Shibo , Huang Shuai , Feng Bin , Luo Ting , Chu Feiyi , Zheng Fan , Zhu Yingli , Chen Fei , Zeng Wenbin
Published: May 2023

As a chronic inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can cause progressive damage to joints and various organs.
Visible-light-induced aerobic epoxidation with vitamin B2-based photocatalyst
Authors: Shen Duyi , Ren Ting , Luo Zhen , Sun Feiyang , Han Yun , Chen Kaihui , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Mengxin , Gong Peiwei , Chao Mianran
Published: May 2023

Catalytic aerobic epoxidation with natural vitamin B2-based photocatalysts via a major single electron transfer and a minor energy transfer process.
Metal-involved C⋯dz2-PtIItetrel bonding as a principal component of the stacking interaction between arenes and the platinum(ii) square-plane
Authors: Katlenok Eugene A. , Kuznetsov Maxim L. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Kryukov Dmitry M. , Bokach Nadezhda A. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: May 2023

π–π stacking which includes metal-involved C⋯dz2-PtIItetrel bonding.
In situinterface engineering of NiSe with interlinked conductive networks for high energy density sodium-ion half/full batteries
Authors: Liu Jing , Leng Zichen , Dong Huilong , Xu Xin , Lv Chengkui , Wei Huaixin , Yu Lei , Yang Jun , Geng Hongbo
Published: May 2023

Transition metal selenides (TMSs) are compounds composed of transition metals and selenium, and they offer a range of chemical and structural diversities that can be exploited to optimize their performance as sodium-ion battery (SIB) electrodes.
Underlayer engineering of grain strain toward efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Bo , Li Zhen , Gao Danpeng , Wu Xin , Li Xintong , Zhang Chunlei , Li Shuai , Gong Jianqiu , Zhang Dong , Xie Xiangfan , Xiao Shuang , Lu Haipeng , Li Mingjie , Zhu Zonglong
Published: May 2023

An underlayer engineering strategy was developed by introducing octadecanammonium iodide (ODAI) as a crystallization buffer molecule to release residual strain for efficient tin perovskite solar cells.
High-efficiency removal of tetracycline from water by electrolysis-assisted NZVI: mechanism of electron transfer and redox of iron
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Wang Xiangmei , Lynch Iseult , Ma Jun
Published: May 2023

Electro-assisted NZVI can remove tetracycline efficiently, and the reactivity of NZVI can be maintained for a longer period in the presence of an applied voltage.
Conductive MXene ultrafiltration membrane for improved antifouling ability and water quality under electrochemical assistance
Authors: Qian Lulu , Yuan Chengyu , Wang Xu , Zhang Haiguang , Du Lei , Wei Gaoliang , Chen Shuo
Published: May 2023

The prepared MXene membrane demonstrates remarkable hydrophilicity and favorable conductivity. Moreover, its antifouling properties are significantly enhanced under electrochemical assistance at 2.0 V with the membrane serving as a cathode.
UiO-66 derived ZrO2@C catalysts for the double-bond isomerization reaction of 2-butene
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Wang Xianfei , Liu Wei , Tian Hui , Du Yupeng , Wei Haisheng , Tang Linsheng
Published: May 2023

The double bond isomerization of 2-butene to 1-butene.
A facile synthesis of K3PMo12O40/WO3 crystals for effective sonocatalytic performance
Authors: Li Linjing , Li Feng , Li Taohai , Cao Wei
Published: May 2023

The K3PMo12O40/WO3 composite was made straightforwardly by stirring at room temperature, and the putative photocatalytic mechanism was examined in sonocatalytic degradations of methyl orange and acid red 88 under various circumstances.
Insight into the direct conversion of methane to methanol on modified ZIF-204 from the perspective of DFT-based calculations
Authors: Le Thong Nguyen-Minh , Le Thu Bao Nguyen , Nguyen Phat Tan , Nguyen Trang Thuy , Tran Quang Ngoc , Nguyen Toan The , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Phan Thang Bach , Nguyen Duc Manh
Published: May 2023

Catalytic oxidation of methane to methanol over oxo-doped ZIF-204 can occur with negligible transition energy barriers. High charge of the doped oxo is effective for methane capturing via hydrogen bonds and for C–H σ-bond weakening.
Size-induced motion mode transitions in collective cell invasion toward free spaces
Authors: Wang Bi-Cong , Lin Yuan , Xu Guang-Kui
Published: May 2023

With the neighbor alignment, the shape alignment, and the newly introduced protrusion alignment mechanisms, we reproduce the caterpillar-like motion mode and local swirls emerging in the cell monolayers moving in narrow and wide microchannels, respectively.
Achieving multicolour and multimodal luminescence in Ca3Al2Ge3O12:Bi3+/Ln3+(Ln = Tb, Eu, Sm, and Dy) persistent phosphors for multiple applications
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Wang Zhijun , Zhu Yecheng , Huo Xiaoxue , Wang Yu , Suo Hao , Li Leipeng , Li Panlai
Published: May 2023

Ca3Al2Ge3O12:Bi3+/Ln3+(Ln = Tb, Eu, Sm, and Dy) persistent phosphors can provide advanced anti-counterfeiting and fingerprint identification.
Broadband emitting phosphor Sr6Sc2Al4O15:Cr3+ for near-infrared LEDs
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Wang Xudong , Zhang Chenjie , Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Tianliang , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: May 2023

Screening an appropriate Cr3+-doped broadband emission host by using Ce3+ as a probe.
Oxygen-vacancy rich in melilite to modulate the persistent luminescence for multi-functional applications
Authors: Kong Youchao , Chen Shurong , He Jie , Deng Shuwei , Li Xiaoshuang , Zhou Jiangcong
Published: May 2023

Due to the simplicity of vacancy creation, Eu2+-doped melilite is an outstanding persistent luminescence (PersL) material with a continuing glow lifetime of more than several hours.
Conceptual estimation of the noise reduction potential of electrified aircraft engines
Authors: Geyer Thomas F. , Enghardt Lars
Published: May 2023

The advent of electrified propulsion systems for civil aircraft promises not only notable reductions of CO2 and NOx emissions, but also of perceived noise. In an attempt to estimate the noise reduction potential of fully electric aircraft engines, the current study compares the noise generated by classical turboprop and turbofan engines with noise spectra calculated for electrified engines. The calculation is based on published far-field sound pressure level spectra at different noise certification points, which are then modified to account for the absence of combustion-related noise sources. In addition to the overall sound pressure level, changes to the effective perceived noise level are also taken into account. The results clearly show that the electrification of the engine alone will not lead to the notable noise reductions that are required in order to achieve the goals for future aviation set by the European Commission. Instead, continued research is necessary to further reduce noise sources that will continue to be present in novel electrified aircraft systems, such as fan noise and airframe noise.
Time-of-flight measurements of MINERVE samples containing fission products and neutron absorbing isotopes
Authors: Noguere Gilles , Geslot Benoit , Gruel Adrien , Kopecky Stefan , Leconte Pierre , Paradela Carlos , Pottier Mathilde , Schillebeeckx Peter
Published: May 2023

The zero-power reactor MINERVE (CEA Cadarache) was designed to perform reactivity worth measurements by the oscillation technique. The various experimental programs, undertaken for the last thirty years, involved cylindrical samples with a diameter of about 1 cm and a height ranging from a few cm to 10 cm. Most of the samples are composed of UO2 pellets mixed with a high neutron absorbing nuclide, i.e. fission product, actinide, in a double-sealed Zry-4 container. An experimental program started in 2015 in collaboration with the Joint Research Centre of Geel to study the MINERVE samples at the time-of-flight facility GELINA by the neutron transmission technique. The two main objectives consist of checking both the composition of the MINERVE samples provided by the manufacturer and the quality of the resonance parameters recommended in the evaluated neutron data library JEFF-3.3. The pioneer experiments on MINERVE samples containing 107Ag and 109Ag revealed a substantial Tungsten contamination that was not reported by the manufacturer. Such a Tungsten contamination is related to the manufacturing process of the sample pellets. The observed Tungsten contaminations lead to non-negligible increases of the C/E ratios up to a few percent. second experimental campaign on MINERVE samples containing 99Tc provided useful insight on the quality of the 99Tc resonance parameters measured at the GELINA facility at the end of the 90s. The ongoing program continuing through 2022 will deliver data for samarium (natural, 147, 149, 152), neodymium (natural,143,145), gadolinium (natural, 155), europium (151, 153), rhodium (103), cesium (133), hafnium (180), dysprosium (160, 161, 162, 163, 164) and erbium (168, 170). The present work focuses on the data analysis technique developed for long cylindrical samples with a diameter smaller than the neutron beam, and on the grain size distribution model implemented in the resonance shape analysis REFIT.
How can a diverse set of integral and semi-integral measurements inform identification of discrepant nuclear data?
Authors: Clark Alexander R. , Neudecker Denise , Grosskopf Michael , Vander Wiel Scott
Published: May 2023

Nuclear data are used for a variety of applications, including criticality safety, reactor performance, and material safeguards. Despite the breadth of use-cases, the effective neutron multiplication factor, keff, of ICSBEP critical assemblies are primarily used for nuclear data validation; these are sensitive to specific energy regions and nuclides and are unable to uniquely constrain nuclear data. As a consequence, general-purpose nuclear data libraries, such as ENDF/B-VIII.0 [1], may have deficiencies that, while not apparent in criticality applications, negatively impact other applications, such as non-destructive analysis of special nuclear material [2, 3] and neutron diagnosed subcritical experiments [4].

Recent work by the Experiments Underpinned by Computational Learning for Improvements in Nuclear Data (EUCLID) project developed a machine learning tool, RAFIEKI, which uses random forests and the SHAP metric to determine which nuclear data contribute most to predicted bias between measured and simulated responses (e.g. keff). This paper contrasts RAFIEKI analysis applied to keff only against RAFIEKI analysis with keff paired with either LLNL pulsed sphere measurements or subcritical benchmarks. Two examples show that a) including pulsed sphere measurements substantially increases 9Be nuclear data importance to bias between 2 and 15 MeV, and b) including subcritical benchmarks has the potential for disentangling compensating errors between 240Pu (n,el) and (n,il) cross-sections between 0.1 and 10 MeV. These results show that RAFIEKI analysis applied to response sets that include, but go beyond, keff can aid nuclear data evaluators in identifying issues in nuclear data.
Data Assimilation using Non-invasive Monte Carlo Sensitivity Analysis of Reactor Kinetics Parameters
Authors: Kleedtke N. , Hutchinson J. , Cutler T. , Michaud I. , Rising M.E. , Hua M. , Alwin J. , Grosskopf M.J. , Vander Wiel S. , Neudecker D. , Thompson N.
Published: May 2023

Accurately predicting the criticality of an experiment before interacting with the experimental components is very important for criticality safety. Radiation transport software can be utilized to calculate the effective neutron multiplication factor of a nuclear system. Because of the integral nature of the effective neutron multiplication factor, the value calculated contains various sources of nuclear-data induced uncertainty. The sensitivity analysis and data assimilation technique presented in this paper exhibit one possible method of identifying and reducing the effective neutron multiplication factor nuclear-data induced uncertainty. The results presented in this work show that it is possible to use relative sensitivity coefficients of the prompt neutron decay constant and the effective delayed neutron fraction to 239Pu nuclear data to reduce nuclear-data induced uncertainties in the effective neutron ultiplication factor. This work has been utilized by members of the Los Alamos National Laboratory project EUCLID (Experiments Underpinned by Computational Learning for Improvements in Nuclear Data) for optimally designing a new experiment, which will be used to reduce compensating errors in 239Pu nuclear data.
Automated resonance evaluation; Non-convex decomposition method for resonance regression and uncertainty quantification
Authors: Walton Noah , Armstrong Jordan , Medal Hugh , Sobes Vladimir
Published: May 2023

This work serves as a proof of concept for an automated tool to assist in the evaluation of experimental neutron cross section data in the resolved resonance range. The resonance characterization problem is posed as a mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP). Since the number of resonances present is unknown, the model must be able to be determine the number of parameters to properly characterize the cross section curve as well as calculate the appropriate values for those parameters. Due to the size of the problem and the nonconvex nature of the parameterization, the optimization formulation is too difficult to solve as whole. A novel method is developed to decompose the problem into smaller, solvable windows and then stitch them back together via parameter-cardinality and parameter-value agreement routines in order to achieve a global solution. A version of quantile regression is used to provide an uncertainty estimate on the suggested cross section that is appropriate with respect to the experimental data. The results demonstrate the model's ability to find the proper number of resonances, appropriate average values for the parameters, and an uncertainty estimation that is directly reflective of the experimental conditions. The use of synthetic data allows access to the solution, this is leveraged to build-up performance statistics and map the uncertainty driven by the experimental data to an uncertainty on the true cross section.
Mould heat transfer and friction behavior on the surface of wide and heavy slabs in the presence of longitudinal cracks
Authors: Liu Yu , Jiang Lai , Wang Xudong , Du Fengming , Zhao Jianhang
Published: May 2023

The longitudinal crack is a common and serious defect on the surface of wide and heavy slab. The mould heat transfer and friction characteristics of 28 surface longitudinal cracks are collected and investigated in order to reveal the rule of the surface longitudinal cracks. The results show that the decrease amplitude of temperature in the presence of longitudinal crack is between −4.0 and −22.6 °C, and the increase amplitude of temperature is between 3.4 and 28.2 °C. The decrease of temperature velocity is between −0.4 and −1.5 °C.s−1, while the increase of temperature velocity is between 0.32 °C.s−1 and 1.64 °C.s−1. When longitudinal cracks occur in mould, the heat flux of 21 cases has a decrease more than −0.02 MW · m−2. There are 18 abnormal fluctuations of mould’s transient friction during occurrence of the surface longitudinal crack, which is more than the stable casting. And there are 85.7% longitudinal cracks, which has an upward trend of friction tension or a downward trend of friction pressure.
Kapitel Basistherapie: Kalzium, Vitamin D und K, Ernährung,
Körperliches Training
Authors: Maus Uwe , Kuehlein Thomas , Jakob Franz , Belavy Daniel , Thomasius Friederike
Published: May 2023

In diesem Artikel wird der aktuelle Stand der DVO-Leitlinienempfehlungen zur
Basistherapie vorgestellt. Die Basistherapie ist die Grundlage jeder
Osteoporosebehandlung und ist auch für die
Primärprävention von entscheidender Bedeutung, noch bevor die
Knochenmineraldichte niedrig ist oder Frakturen auftreten. Auf der Grundlage
einer aktualisierten Literaturrecherche umfasst das Kapitel Empfehlungen zu
Kalzium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K und anderen Ernährungsaspekten sowie zu
körperlicher Aktivität. Frühere Empfehlungen wurden
überprüft und auf der Grundlage der neuen Literatur
ergänzt. Die Empfehlungen für die Einnahme von Kalzium und
Vitamin D, situationsabhängig entweder über die
Ernährung oder über Supplemente, bleiben unverändert.
Vitamin K wird nur zum Ausgleich eines Mangels empfohlen, da die Datenlage
für eine Empfehlung in anderen Bereichen wie der allgemeinen
Frakturprävention zu inkonsistent ist. Körperliche
Aktivität hat einen positiven Effekt auf das Frakturrisiko und die
Knochendichte und ist daher auch weiterhin eine wichtige Empfehlung,
idealerweise im Rahmen eines angepassten, supervidierten Trainingsprogramms.
Salbei – Salvia officinalis L.
Authors: Niedenthal Tobias
Published: May 2023

Der Echte Salbei kann nicht nur auf reiche Nutzung in der Geschichte zurückblicken. Die Heilpflanze des Jahres 2023 bietet auch großes Potenzial für weitere Forschung und Anwendungen
Scope of Homoeopathic Intervention for Allergic Rhinitis—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dewan Deepti , Akareddy Anusuya M.
Published: May 2023

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is defined as inflammation of the inside lining of the nose that occurs when a person inhales something he or she is allergic to, such as animal dander or pollen etc. Symptoms of AR include sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, post nasal drip and itchy nose. This review identifies and assesses studies done with homoeopathic intervention for the management of AR.

Objective The aim of this article was to review the available studies on homeopathic intervention in treatment of AR and to develop strategy for future research through this review.

Materials and Methods An online search was conducted, following international/national databases for all clinical studies published in the period from 2000 to 2022. This search was aimed to target the entire available literature of randomised trials or controlled trials, observational studies, case studies/reports on AR treated with homoeopathy. Relevant research was categorised by study type and appraised according to study design with their clinical outcomes.

Results Thirty-eight articles related to homoeopathy in AR were identified. Out of these 17 studies (10 observational studies, 07 randomised controlled trials) were included in this review. Case series, case records, dissertations and review articles were excluded from this review.

Conclusion Studies identified in this review showed that homoeopathy is effective in the management and prevention of acute episodes of AR. More more pragmatic studies need to be planned in the future.
Presurgical Perspectives and Post-treatment Evaluation of Achilles Tendon Injuries
Authors: Moriarty Meghan A. , Morrison William B.
Published: May 2023

The Achilles is a commonly injured tendon, prone to degeneration and tear. Achilles tendon treatment ranges from conservative management to injections, tenotomy, open versus percutaneous tendon repair, graft reconstruction, and flexor hallucis longus transfer. Interpreting postoperative imaging of the Achilles tendon is a difficult task for many providers. This article clarifies these issues by presenting the imaging findings following standard treatments and depicts expected appearance versus recurrent tear and other complications.
Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Haug Logan P. , Sill Andrew P. , Shrestha Roman , Patel Karan A. , Kile Todd A. , Fox Michael G.
Published: May 2023

Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) in the ankle are more common than OCLs of the foot, but both share a similar imaging appearance. Knowledge of the various imaging modalities, as well as available surgical techniques, is important for radiologists. We discuss radiographs, ultrasonography, computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate OCLs. In addition, various surgical techniques used to treat OCLs—debridement, retrograde drilling, microfracture, micronized cartilage-augmented microfracture, autografts, and allografts—are described with an emphasis on postoperative appearance following these techniques.