bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Masuda Fumi , Nakajima Shinichiro , Miyazaki Takahiro , Tarumi Ryosuke , Ogyu Kamiyu , Wada Masataka , Tsugawa Sakiko , Croarkin Paul E , Mimura Masaru , Noda Yoshihiro
Published: January 2019

Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, are common in children and adolescents, but treatment strategies remain limited. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been studied for neurodevelopmental disorders, there is no clear consensus on its therapeutic effects. This systematic review examined literature on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders published up to 2018 using the PubMed database. The search identified 264 articles and 14 articles met eligibility criteria. Twelve of these studies used conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and two studies used theta burst stimulation. No severe adverse effects were reported in these studies. In patients with autism spectrum disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may have therapeutic effects on social functioning and repetitive behaviors. In patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may target inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In patients with tic disorders, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral supplementary motor area improved tic symptom severity. This systematic review suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising intervention for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. The results warrant further large randomized controlled trials of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Comparisons of wavelets and contourlets for vibration-based damage identification in the plate structures
Authors: Vafaie Sepideh , Salajegheh Eysa
Published: January 2019

The objective of the present study is to compare a new approach based on contourlet transform and a traditional method based on wavelet transform to demonstrate curve damages in plate structures. The contourlet transform approach, as a novel two-dimensional development of wavelet transform, was extended to deal with inherent restrictions of wavelets. According to previous studies, wavelets have indicated poor performance to detect curve damages due to its basic elements. Therefore, this study utilized contourlet transform as a new method having an efficient performance to display this kind of discontinuities. In this research, contourlet transform and wavelet transform have been applied to a plate using four fixed boundary conditions including circle damages with arbitrary specifications and location in order to demonstrate their performance in damage identification. Comparing damage shape attained from contourlet transform and wavelet transform, it was revealed that contourlet transform could be utilized as an accessible and useful technique to detect damage with curvature.
Allogeneic Skin Substitutes Versus Human Placental Membrane Products in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative Comparative Evaluation of the Literature
Authors: Luck Joshua , Rodi Timo , Geierlehner Alexander , Mosahebi Afshin
Published: January 2019

Outcomes following standard wound care (SWC) for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain suboptimal. Supplementing SWC with tissue engineered allogeneic cellular wound therapies represents an emerging treatment strategy. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic skin substitutes and human placental membrane allografts in the management of DFUs. Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2017. Any randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an allogeneic skin substitute or placental membrane allograft intervention group was included. Our primary outcome measure was the proportion of completely healed ulcers. Secondary outcome measures included time to complete wound healing and local adverse event rates. Each study was assessed for risk of bias and the quality of evidence was appraised using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Moderate quality evidence from 11 included RCTs demonstrated that both allogeneic cellular approaches improve the proportion of completely healed ulcers at 6 and 12 weeks. One RCT showed that a placental membrane allograft was superior to an allogeneic skin substitute, although this has yet to be repeated in other studies. The addition of allogeneic cellular wound products to SWC improves DFU outcomes. Further studies are required to conclusively establish if placental membrane allografts are superior to allogeneic skin substitutes.
IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Larosa Maddalena , Zen Margherita , Gatto Mariele , Jesus Diogo , Zanatta Elisabetta , Iaccarino Luca , Inês Luis , Doria Andrea
Published: January 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a very complex disease where multiple immunological pathways can concur in inducing tissue damage. Cytokines are key mediators in this process and among them the role of interleukin (IL)-12 and the IL-23/Th17 axis has recently emerged. IL-12 and IL-23 have a heterodimeric structure with a common subunit, named p40. Although they share a partially common structure, their functions appear slightly different. Indeed, IL-12 is a key cytokine in inducing an efficient T helper 1 (Th1) response and in Th differentiation, while IL-23 plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation and Th17 cell activation, which results in IL-17 secretion. The increasing knowledge on the interaction between IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in the development of autoimmune diseases has led to the identification of new therapeutic strategies targeting these immunological pathways. IL-23/Th17 axis has recently been suggested to be essential in developing lupus nephritis, both in mice and in humans. In keeping with these observations, ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed towards p40 subunit, has been investigated in SLE. Promising data from a phase II randomized controlled trial in SLE patients suggest that this mAb might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. In this review, we summarize the complex interaction between IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE with a special focus on drugs which affect this immune pathway.

Impact statement

Our article is focused on emerging pathogenetic pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Notably, IL-12 and IL-23 have been described as emerging cytokines in SLE pathogenesis. We know that IL-23 stimulates Th17 cells to produce IL-17. We try to point out the importance of IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE and to focus on the interaction between this axis and IL-12. Ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody directed towards the p40 shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been recently investigated in SLE, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. To our knowledge, there are no reviews which simultaneously focus on IL-12 an IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE. Thus, we believe our work will be of interest to the readers.
Titanium carbide MXene: Synthesis, electrical and optical properties and their applications in sensors and energy storage devices
Authors: Michael Johnson , Qifeng Zhang , Danling Wang
Published: January 2019

MXenes have been under a lot of scientific investigation due to the novel characteristics that are inherent to two-dimensional nanostructures. There are a multitude of MXenes being studied and one of the most popular among these would be the titanium carbides. The general formula for titanium carbide is Ti n+ 1C n for the nanosheets produced that have undergone much study in the past few years. These studies include how the etching process affects the final MXene sheet and how the post-processing via heat or combining with polymers and/or inorganic compounds influences the mechanical and electrical properties. It is found that different etching techniques can be used to change the electrical properties of the produced MXenes and different post-processing techniques can be used to further change the properties of the nanosheets. The possible application of the titanium carbide MXenes as chemical sensing and energy storage materials will be briefly discussed. MXene nanosheets show promise in such devices due to their high surface area to volume ratio and their specific surface structure with feasible surface functionalization.
Recruitment into old age psychiatry
Authors: McAlpine Lynsey , Bailey Alex , Milward Kate , Blewett Charlotte
Published: January 2019

This research aimed to explore the trainee perspective on factors affecting recruitment into old age psychiatry higher training in the UK. A qualitative survey was created by the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry and distributed to current higher trainees in all psychiatric subspecialties. A total of 324 higher trainees responded to the survey, representing a broad demographic range. Thematic analysis was carried out, with sufficient responses to achieve saturation. Key themes included concerns about the future of the specialty, issues with social care, lack of support with patients’ physical health needs, issues with training posts, and workload. The need to improve core trainees’ experience of the specialty was highlighted. Many positive themes arose from the data; however, a number of barriers to recruitment were also identified. The findings have implications for recruitment to the specialty and should be used to inform recruitment strategy moving forward.

Declaration of interest

None.
SOL1 and SOL2 regulate fate transition and cell divisions in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage
Authors: Simmons Abigail R. , Davies Kelli A. , Wang Wanpeng , Liu Zhongchi , Bergmann Dominique C.
Published: January 2019

In the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage, cells transit through several distinct precursor identities, each characterized by unique cell division behaviors. Flexibility in the duration of these precursor phases enables plants to alter leaf size and stomatal density in response to environmental conditions; however, transitions between phases must be complete and unidirectional to produce functional and correctly patterned stomata. Among direct transcriptional targets of the stomatal initiating factor SPEECHLESS, a pair of genes, SOL1 and SOL2, are required for effective transitions in the lineage. We show that these two genes, which are homologs of the LIN54 DNA-binding components of the mammalian DREAM complex, are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner and regulate cell fate and division properties in the self-renewing early lineage. In the terminal division of the stomatal lineage, however, these two proteins appear to act in opposition to their closest paralog, TSO1, revealing complexity in the gene family that may enable customization of cell divisions in coordination with development.
Differential YAP expression in glioma cells induces cell competition and promotes tumorigenesis
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Yee Patricia P. , Wei Yiju , Liu Zhenqiu , Kawasawa Yuka Imamura , Li Wei
Published: January 2019

Intratumor heterogeneity associates with cancer progression and may account for a substantial portion of therapeutic resistance. Although extensive studies have focused on the origin of the heterogeneity, biological interactions between heterogeneous malignant cells within a tumor are largely unexplored. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Here, we found that the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) is intratumorally heterogeneous in GBM. In a xenograft mouse model, differential YAP expression in glioma cells promotes tumorigenesis and leads to clonal dominance by cells expressing more YAP. Such clonal dominance also occurs in vitro when cells reach confluence in the two-dimensional culture condition or grow into tumor spheroids. During this process, growth of the dominant cell population is enhanced. In tumor spheroid, such enhanced growth is accompanied by increased apoptosis in cells expressing less YAP. The cellular interaction during clonal dominance appears to be reminiscent of cell competition. RNA-seq analysis suggested that the interaction induces expression of tumorigenic genes, which may contribute to the enhanced tumor growth. These results suggested that tumorigenesis benefits from competitive interactions between heterogeneous tumor cells.
Noise as an informational cue for decision-making: the sound of rain delays bat emergence
Authors: Geipel Inga , Smeekes Marcus J. , Halfwerk Wouter , Page Rachel A.
Published: January 2019

Background noise can have strong negative consequences on animals, reducing individual fitness by masking communication signals, impeding prey detection and increasing predation risk. While the negative impacts of noise across taxa have been well documented, the use of noise as an informational cue, providing animals with reliable information on environmental conditions has been less well studied. In the tropical rainforest, downpours can be intense and frequent. Strong rainfall may impede efficient orientation and foraging for bats that need echolocation to both navigate and detect prey, and can result in higher flight costs due to increased metabolic rates. Using playback experiments at natural roosts we tested whether two bat species, differing in their hunting strategies and foraging habitats, use rain noise as a cue to delay emergence from their roosts. We found that both species significantly delayed their emergence time during rain noise playbacks compared to silence and ambient noise controls. We conclude that bats can use background noise, here the acoustic component of rainfall, as a reliable informational cue to make informed decisions, here about whether to initiate foraging trips or remain in the shelter of their roosts. Our findings suggest that environmental background noise can sometimes be beneficial to animals, in particular in situations where other sensory cues may be absent.
Acceleration of Hydrolytic DNA Cleavage by Dicopper(II) Complexes withp-Cresol-Derived Dinucleating Ligands at Slightly Acidic pH and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Kodera Masahito , Kadoya Yuki , Aso Kenta , Fukui Katsuki , Nomura Akiko , Hitomi Yutaka , Kitagishi Hiroaki
Published: January 2019

Four dicopper(II) complexes, [Cu2(µ-X)(bcmp)](ClO4)2 [X = OH (1a) and X = Cl (1b)], [Cu2(µ-OH)(Me4bcmp)](ClO4)2 (2), and [Cu2(bcc)](ClO4)3 (3), were synthesized with three p-cresol-derived ligands, 2,6-bis(1,4,7-triazacyclononylmethyl)-4-meth-ylphenol (Hbcmp), 2,6-bis(1,4,7-triaza-4,7-dimethylcyclonon-ylmethyl)-4-methylphenol (HMe4bcmp), and 2,6-bis(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecylmethyl)-4-methylphenol (Hbcc) to study hydrolytic DNA cleavage. Crystal structures of 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 were determined by X-ray analysis. The pH titrations and spectroscopic studies in the complexations of the ligands with copper(II) perchlorate revealed that the dicopper core structures of 1a, 2, and 3 in the solid state are kept at pH 5–9 in an aqueous solution. DNA binding abilities of 1a, 2, and 3 were examined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). DNA cleavage studies were carried out by using supercoiled plasmid pUC19 DNA. 1a largely accelerated hydrolytic DNA cleavage at pH 5–6 but not at pH 7–8. This is the first example of pH-dependent DNA cleavage by a dicopper complex. Inhibition studies with specific DNA binders, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and methyl green, suggested that 1a accelerates the DNA cleavage via GC-specific binding. The mechanistic insights into the pH-dependent DNA cleavage are proposed on the basis of the crystal structures, structures in aqueous solutions, DNA binding modes, and DNA cleavage activities of 1a, 1b, 2, and 3.
The Hertfordshire Cohort Study: an overview
Authors: Syddall Holly E. , Simmonds Shirley J. , Carter Sarah A. , Robinson Sian M. , Dennison Elaine M. , Cooper Cyrus ,   The Hertfordshire Cohort Study Research Group
Published: January 2019

The Hertfordshire Cohort Study is a nationally unique study of men and women born in the English county of Hertfordshire in the early part of the 20th century. Records that detail their health in infancy and childhood have been preserved, their sociodemographic, lifestyle, medical and biological attributes have been characterised in later life, and routinely collected data on their hospital use and mortality have been acquired. This paper provides an overview of the study since its inception in the 1980s, including its methods, findings, and plans for its future.
Cadmium SAD phasing at CuKα wavelength
Authors: Eliseev Igor E. , Yudenko Anna N. , Ukrainskaya Valeria M. , Chakchir Oleg B.
Published: January 2019

Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) is the most common method for de novo elucidation of macromolecular structures by X-ray crystallography. It requires an anomalous scatterer in a crystal to calculate phases. A recent study by Panneerselvam et al. emphasized the utility of cadmium ions for SAD phasing at the standard synchrotron wavelength of 1 Å. Here we show that cadmium is also useful for phasing of crystals collected in-house with CuKα radiation. Using a crystal of single-domain antibody as an experimental model, we demonstrate how cadmium SAD can be conveniently employed to solve a CuKα dataset. We then discuss the factors which make this method generally applicable.
The role of Livonian in Latvia from a sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Druviete Ina , Kļava Gunta
Published: January 2019

This article examines the role of Livonian in present-day Latvia and describes the Livonian language situation in the context of Latvia’s language situation and current sociolinguistic issues. It describes how Livonian language and culture are represented in Latvian law, along with possibilities for realising Livonian language rights, bringing attention to the Livonians as an ethnicity, and understanding issues relating to Livonian, while also describing the use of terminology in the Livonian context. The Livonians cannot exactly be described as a “minority”. The Livonians are something more, they are a part of the modern Latvian language and also of Latvian culture and the culture of Latvia in general. And yet, the Livonian nation and language are independent entities. Therefore, the position of Livonian within Latvia should be seen from two perspectives: the preservation, development, and revitalisation of the use of Livonian as well as the mutual influence of Livonian and Latvian.Kokkuvõte. Ina Druviete, Gunta Kļava: Liivi keele roll Lätis sotsiolingvistilisest perspektiivist. Artikkel käsitleb liivi keele rolli tänapäeva Lätis, esitades liivi keele olukorra lühikirjelduse läti keele olukorra ja aktuaalsete sotsiolingvistiliste probleemide kontekstis. Lisaks liivi keele ja kultuuriga seonduva Läti seadusandluse kajastamisele on artiklis visandatud võimalused liivi keele õiguste realiseerimiseks, pöörates laiemat tähelepanu liivlaste kui rahva ja liivi keele probleemide mõistmisele, samuti pakkudes olukorrale vastavat terminite kasutust. Võib järeldada, et liivlased Lätis ei vasta terminile ‘vähemusrahvas’. Liivlased on midagi enamat, nad on kaasaegse läti keeleruumi osa ja ka Läti kultuuri osa tervikuna. Samal ajal on liivlased rahvana ja liivi keel eraldi iseseisev üksus. Seetõttu tuleks liivi keele positsiooni Lätis vaadelda kahest vaatevinklist: ühelt poolt on oluline liivi keele kasutuse säilitamine, arendamine ja taaselustamine, teisalt läti ja liivi keele omavahelise mõju jälgimine.Märksõnad: keele püsimine, keelepoliitika, keelesituatsioon, keele staatus, läti keel, liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Ina Druviete, Gunta Kļava: Līvõ kīel jag Lețmōl sotsiolingvistik perspektīvst. Kēra nīžõb iļ līvõ kīel jag tämpiz Lețmōl, tarmõb iļvaņtlõks iļ līvõ kīel vȯlmiz Lețmōl lețkīel ja sīe tämpizt sotsiolingvistik problēmõd kontekstõs. Lețmō pandõkst sizzõl kēratõd līvõ kīel ja kultūr status kūoral kēra nīžõb iļ võimizt līvõ kīel õigõmd kȭlbatimiz pierāst, īžkizt vaņtlõs līvõd rov ja līvõ kīel mūoštamizt, ja tarmõs terminidi līvõd tämpiz kȭrda pierāst. Võib kītõ, ku Lețmōl līvlizt pierāst äb kõlb termin ‘minoritāt’. Līvõd ātõ midāgõst jemīņ, ne ātõ tämpiz lețkīel jag ja ka Lețmō kultūr jag amnämnizt. Sīel īž āigal līvõd nemē rovz um ka īžpīliji ažā. Sīepierāst līvõ kīeldõ Lețmōl vȯlks vaņtlõmõst kōdst aspektõst: līvõ kīel kȭlbatimiz prațțimi, kazāntimi ja ūd pǟl jellõ kutsimi īdst pūolst, ja līvõ ja lețkīel eņtšvailizt mȯjjimizt tuoizõst pūolst.
The supine inessive construction in Salaca Livonian
Authors: Norvik Miina , Metslang Helle , Pajusalu Karl
Published: January 2019

The supine inessive form in Salaca Livonian appears in a copular construction or as a sole predicate, and is usually associated with progressive and futurate readings. The linguistic data analysed in this study consist of example sentences in Salaca Livonian that are provided with Latvian, German, and/or Swedish translations. The data originate from the 19th century when Livonian was still spoken by Livonian-Latvian bilingual speakers in the northern part of Latvia. The present paper aims to study the functions and possible development of the supine inessive construction in detail, including the possibility of contact-induced change. The study takes a functional-typological and usage-based approach. We suggest that the usages of the supine inessive form reveal both language-internal development as well as instances of contact-induced development, more precisely reanalysis of Latvian forms with a similar function and/or form.Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik, Helle Metslang, Karl Pajusalu: Supiini inessiivikonstruktsioon salatsiliivi keeles. Salatsi liivi keeles on supiini inessiivivorm kasutusel koopulat sisaldavas konstruktsioonis või iseseisva predikaadina, olles üldiselt seostatav progressiivsete ja tulevikuliste tähendustega. Uurimuses analüüsitava keelematerjali moodustavad salatsiliivikeelsed näitelaused koos läti-, saksa- ja/või rootsikeelsete tõlgetega. Materjal pärineb 19. sajandist, mil salatsi liivi keel kõlas veel liivi-läti kakskeelsete kõnelejate suus Läti põhjaosas. Siinse artikli eesmärgiks on käsitleda täpsemini supiini inessiivikonstruktsiooni funktsioone ja võimalikku arengut, sh ka kontaktist tingitud muutuse võima likkust. Analüüsimisel on aluseks võetud funktsionaal-tüpoloogiline ja kasutuspõhine lähenemine. Artiklis näidatakse, et supiini inessiivivormi kasutus juhtude hulgas on nii selliseid, mis annavad tunnistust keelesisesest arengust, kui ka selliseid, mis viitavad keelekontaktist tingitud arengule, täpsemini sarnast funktsiooni ja/või vormi kandvate läti vormide reanalüüsile.Märksõnad: progressiiv, tuleviku väljendamine, kontaktist tingitud keelemuutus, finiidistumine, Salatsi liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Miina Norvik, Helle Metslang, Karl Pajusalu: Supīn inesīv formõd Salāts līvõ kīelsõ. Salāts līvõ kīelsõ supīn inesīv sōb kȭlbatõd īdskubs kopulaks agā īžkiz; ne formõd jemmitõt võibõd nägțõ progresīvizt ja tulbizāiga tǟntõkst. Kēra alīzõks ātõ kītõmõd Salāts līvõ kīels īdskubs lețkīel, saksā kīel ja/agā rūotškīel tulkõmõdõks. Materiāl um perīņ 19. āigastsadāst, ku Salāts līvõ kīeldõ rõkāndizt līvõ- ja lețkēļizt rovst Pūojlețmōl. Kēras um tuņšõltõd, mingizt ātõ supīn inesīv konstruktsijd funktsijd, ja kui ne ātõ suggõnd. Vel um vaņtõltõd, või mõitõks võib vȱlda perīņ kīeld kontaktist. Analīz alīzõks um funktsionāli-tipologli tuņšlimizmetōd ja kȭlbatimiz tuņšlimi. Tuņšlimi nägțõb, ku supīn inesīv formõd kȭlbatimi vaišti um seļļi, ku sīesõ āt nǟdõbõd suggimizt kīel eņtš sizāl, bet ātõ ka seļļizt, mis āt perīņ kīeld kontaktist, īžkist form ja/agā funktsijd pūolst ītizt lețkēļizt formõd reanalīzõd.
АНАЛИЗ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ РАБОТАЮЩИХ В АРКТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Davydova Valentina Yakovlevna , Egorova Aida Iunjevna
Published: January 2019

Цель исследования. В статье описывается исследование психического состояния специалистов, работающих в арктических и экстремальных условиях Крайнего Севера. Доминирующее психическое состояние характеризует активность человека в процессе деятельностии свидетельствует об удовлетворенности актуальных потребностей личности.Метод и методология проведения работы. Для изучения доминирующего состояния был использован опросник Л.В. Куликова. Математическая обработка данных осуществлялась при помощи коэффициента корреляции Пирсона.Результаты. Выявлены негативные доминирующие состояния у респондентов, снижение интенсивности и темпа деятельности, связанные с истощением ресурсных возможностей человека.Респонденты отмечают изменчивость настроения, повышенную раздражительность, подавленность. Женщины проявляют более стабильное и позитивное психическое состояние, чем мужчины. Чем больше стаж работы на Севере, тем больше активности проявляют респонденты, повышается тонус, снижается тревога. Адаптационные процессы могут способствовать улучшению эмоционального фона, длительная трудовая деятельность в условиях Арктики и Крайнего Севера может приводить к профессиональному выгоранию, и различного рода профессиональным деформациям.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере разработки программ адаптации специалистов и вахтовых работников к экстремальным условиям Крайнего Севера.
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕТЕЙ ПОСЛЕ КОХЛЕАРНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ
Authors: Kazitseva Valentina Olegovna
Published: January 2019

В данной статье приведено исследование психологических особенностей детей с кохлеарным имплантатом. Актуальность данного исследования состоит в улучшении педагогической работы с детьми, проходящих реабилитацию, по данному виду хирургического вмешательства. Нами были рассмотрены такие психологические особенности как особенности речевого развития, понятийного мышления, особенности внимания и эмоциональная сфера детей.Целью работы является изучение психологических особенностей детей после кохлеарной имплантации.Предмет исследования. Предметом исследования выступают особенности познавательной и эмоциональной сферы.Методы исследования. Для данного исследования были использованы методы психологической и нейропсихологической диагностики познавательных процессов и эмоциональной сферы детей.Результаты. По результатам данного исследования можно выделить следующие особенности: речь ребенка после кохлеарной имплантации характеризуется низкой активностью и сопровождается речевыми нарушениями; так же, наблюдается несформированность таких мыслительных операций, как синтез и обобщение, где механизмом понимания логико-грамматического строя предложений может выступать наличие парафраза; в эмоциональной сфере выявились такие особенности, как наличие стресса, вследствие нервно-психического напряжения. В статье приведен анализ психологических особенностей детей, в зависимости от срока ношения кохлеарного имплантата.Область применения результатов. Данные результаты могут стать рекомендательным пособием по построению коррекционной психолого-педагогической работы с детьми после кохлеарной имплантации.
ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ДЕТЕЙ С КОХЛЕАРНЫМ НАРУШЕНИЕМ
Authors: Dmitrieva Alexandra , Shamaeva Victoria
Published: January 2019

Цель исследования. В статье описывается исследование психоэмоцинальных состояний детей с кохлеарным нарушением. Представлены результаты исследования факторов, которые могут влиять на развитие тех или иных негативных компонентов психоэмоционального состояния, закономерности формирования психоэмоционального состояния у детей с кохлеарными нарушениями.Метод и методология проведения работы. Для изучения психоэмоциональных состояний детей с кохлеарным нарушением были применены методика САН (Самочувствие. Активность. Настроение); диагностики страхов (Захаров А.И.) и рисованный апперцептивный тест (РАТ).Результаты. Психоэмоциональное состояние детей с кохлеарным нарушением характеризуется сниженным фоном настроения, преобладанием негативного психоэмоционального состояния с выраженным страхом. Отмечается тенденция к негативному восприятию своего окружения, недостаточные навыки для конструктивного взаимодействия с окружающими, а также страх быть отвергнутым, не получить помощь и подвергнуться чужой агрессии.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в разработке индивидуальной психолого-педагогической программы сопровождения для ребенка с кохлеарным нарушением, а также могут быть использованы специалистами в работе с родителями детей с кохлеарным нарушением.
ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ
Authors: Lukina Valentina Sergeevna , Sidorova Tuyaara Nikiforovna , Nikolaeva Anna Vasilevna
Published: January 2019

Цель. В статье представлены типологические особенности инновационного поведения студентов.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методы исследования – опросники, проективные методы, эксперимент. Выборку составили студенты разных уровней образования – вуза и колледжа.Научная новизна исследования заключается в выявлении корреляционных связей между различными показателями инновационности и креативности, а также выявлении типов инновационного поведения студентов.Результаты. Типы поведения были выделены путем кластеризации полученных данных, выявлено три типа поведения, представлено описание каждого типа. В целом выделенные типы отличаются направленностью мотивации, отношением к инновациям, уровнем креативности. Высокая мотивация инновационной деятельности кроме положительного эмоционального отношения ко всему новому предполагает, но и наличие успешного опыта инноваций.Кроме того, принимающий тип инновационного поведения характеризуется ориентацией на будущее. Количественные данные были соотнесены с данными наблюдения, полученными в ходе эксперимента. Успешность в выполнении заданий, предполагающих проявление инновационности, не коррелирует с уровнем индивидуальной креативности.
Link-Based System Optimum Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problems in General Networks
Authors: Long Jiancheng , Szeto Wai Yuen
Published: January 2019

Most current system optimum dynamic traffic assignment (SO-DTA) models do not contain first-in-first-out (FIFO) constraints and are limited to single-destination network applications. In “Link-based System Optimum Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problems in General Networks,” J. Long and W. Y. Szeto develop SO-DTA models either with or without FIFO constraints for general network applications using the concept of the link transmission model (LTM). The proposed SO-DTA problems without FIFO constraints are formulated as linear programs, and can address the vehicle holding problem by adding a penalty term to the objective function. The SO-DTA problems with FIFO constraints are formulated as nonconvex mixed-integer programs, and are solved by branch-and-bound algorithms. Two methods are developed to identify FIFO violations in feasible flow patterns and design a branching scheme for the proposed branch and bound algorithms. The authors show that the proposed LTM-based SO-DTA models are more computationally efficient than the CTM-based counterparts and maintain the same level of accuracy in terms of guaranteeing the same total system travel time in general networks.
A State Aggregation Approach for Stochastic Multiperiod Last-Mile Ride-Sharing Problems
Authors: Agussurja Lucas , Cheng Shih-Fen , Lau Hoong Chuin
Published: January 2019

The arrangement of last-mile services is playing an increasingly important role in making public transport more accessible. We study the use of ridesharing in satisfying last-mile demands with the assumption that demands are uncertain and come in batches. The most important contribution of our paper is a two-level Markov decision process framework that is capable of generating a vehicle-dispatching policy for the aforementioned service. We introduce state summarization, representative states, and sample-based cost estimation as major approximation techniques in making our approach scalable. We show that our approach converges and solution quality improves as sample size increases. We also apply our approach to a series of case studies derived from a real-world public transport data set in Singapore. By examining three distinctive demand profiles, we show that our approach performs best when the distribution is less uniform and the planning area is large. We also demonstrate that a parallel implementation can further improve the performance of our solution approach.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0840 .
Multidisciplinary Treatment – A Case Report
Authors: Griffiths Sarah E , Sandler Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Abstract: This article describes the multidisciplinary management of a 10-year-old boy who presented with severe hypodontia. Treatment involved tooth transplantation and space opening for the provision of single unit osseointegrated implants. It will demonstrate the need for good lines of communication between orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, implantologists and restorative dentists to ensure a successful outcome for the patient.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the importance of multidisciplinary care and meticulous planning in the treatment of patients with severe hypodontia.
Multiple Recurrent Supernumerary Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Sharif Mohammad Owaise , Ahmed Farooq , Nazir Mariyah
Published: January 2019

Supernumerary teeth affect approximately 1–3% of the population, however, recurrent supernumerary teeth are extremely rare (prevalence = 0.0001%) and may be associated with undiagnosed syndromes. The syndromes associated with recurrent supernumerary teeth vary widely and a diagnosis often necessitates involvement of a spectrum of medical disciplines. This case report describes a patient with recurrent supernumerary teeth and a history of sebaceous cysts that indicated the potential presence of Gardner's syndrome. It highlights the importance of multidisciplinary communication and investigation for effective patient management.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Supernumerary teeth can be a feature of several syndromes. Dental health professionals should be aware of this association and of the signs that indicate that further investigation may be warranted.
Orofacial Granulomatosis in an Orthodontic Patient: a Case Report
Authors: Ulhaq Aman , Tidbury Katy
Published: January 2019

A case is presented of a 14-year-old male patient being treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance who presented with a persistent upper lip swelling. The patient was experiencing discomfort from the appliance and the appliance was debonded. A diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis was established and the patient was managed carefully with a cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet leading to resolution of the swelling. Orofacial granulomatosis is a rare condition and its presentation, diagnosis, and management are discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontists should be aware of the presentation of orofacial granulomatosis and the possible challenges associated with managing these patients.
Assessment of Facial Asymmetry in Orthognathic Patients
Authors: Gibson Clara , Noar Joseph
Published: January 2019

Discrepancies between dental and facial midlines are not uncommon and these may have a dental or a skeletal cause. When planning orthognathic surgery, a decision must be made whether to accept or correct these. This paper presents a simple technique that uses graph paper to evaluate any midline discrepancies as an aid to pre-treatment discussion and explanation with the patient.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Accurate diagnosis of the clinical problem and complete patient understanding of the situation are imperative, both for informed consent and for a favourable treatment outcome. Tracing of a posterior-anterior cephalogram on graph paper can aid treatment planning and patient comprehension.
Simultaneous Bilateral Intrusion of Supra-Erupted Maxillary Molars using Miniscrew Implants
Authors: Shetty Aneesha A , Shetty Adarsh S , Naik Roopak D , Patil Anand K
Published: January 2019

The loss of lower molars often leads to over-eruption of the opposing maxillary molars, combined with insufficient clearance for lower prosthetic restorations. The available treatment options are either a significant reduction of the maxillary teeth, often associated with endodontic treatment, or removable appliances such as headgear which depend on patient compliance; a complex fixed orthodontic treatment, which may involve unwanted side-effects, or a segmental impaction involving all the risks of surgery and patient discomfort. In previous years, different cases of orthodontic intrusion with miniscrew implants have been described, which make use of four or more miniscrews for bilateral maxillary molar intrusion. In this report, a case is presented requiring bilateral maxillary molar intrusion in order to get sufficient space for an implant-supported fixed restoration in the lower posterior region. This intrusion was carried out simultaneously on both sides by means of three miniscrew implants and a customized transpalatal arch. The results showed significant intrusion of the supra-erupted maxillary molars with normal and acceptable biological response of the teeth and the surrounding bony structures.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper presents a case report demonstrating a new clinical technique to intrude supra-erupted maxillary molars simultaneously on both sides with the use of three miniscrew implants instead of the conventional four, and a customized transpalatal arch which is simple to fabricate. The technique shows effective results in terms of intrusion achieved and the absence of clinically detectable apical root resorption of the intruded molars.
Anterior Crossbite Correction with a Lower Removable Appliance
Authors: Borrie Felicity , Bearn David
Published: January 2019

This case demonstrates the use of a novel design of lower removable appliance to correct an anterior crossbite, by retracting the lower incisors.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Patients usually do not tolerate lower removable appliances; however, this case highlights how a simple modification to a lower removable appliance can make it patient friendly and a useful appliance in the management of anterior crossbites in those cases where an upper appliance is not appropriate.
Detection of Sclerotinia Stem Rot on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Based on Laser- Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Fei , Liu Fei , Shen Tingting , Wang Jian , He Yong , Zhang Chu , Zhou Weijun , Shen Tingting , Wang Jian , He Yong , Zhang Chu , Zhou Weijun
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this study, a novel approachser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is proposed to rapidly diagnose stem rot (SSR) in oilseed rape ( L.). A rapid diagnostic method is important to prevent this worldwide disease and promote growth of oilseed rape. A total of 120 fresh leaves, including 60 healthy and 60 SSR-infected leaves, were collected to acquire LIBS spectra. Robust baseline estimation (RBE) and wavelet transform (WT) were applied to preprocess the raw LIBS spectra for baseline correction and denoising. K-nearest neighbor (KNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), random forest (RF), and extreme learning machine (ELM) methods combining full LIBS spectra were chosen to establish classification models to identify healthy and SSR-infected leaves, and the ELM model obtained classified accuracy of more than 80.00% in the prediction set. Twenty-four emission lines were selected by second-derivative spectra as the most relevant to distinguish healthy and SSR-infected leaves. The ELM model using the optimal emission lines improved the classified accuracy to more than 85% and the specificity to 95.00%. Compared with full-spectra models, the number of variables in the models based on optimal wavelengths was reduced from 22,036 to 24, a reduction of 99.89%. This study indicates that LIBS combined with appropriate chemometric m. Keywords: Chemometrics, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Oilseed rape, Sclerotinia stem rot.
Determination of ß-Carotene and Lutein in Green Tea Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: He Yong , He Yong , Zhao Yiying , Zhang Chu , Sun Chanjun , Li Xiaoli , Zhao Yiying , Zhang Chu , Sun Chanjun , Li Xiaoli
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

The feasibility of using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to determine the ß-carotene and lutein contents in green tea was investigated in this study. The relationship between pigment contents and spectral responses was explored by partial least squares (PLS), least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) methods. Next, 30 and 29 effective wavenumbers (EWs) for ß-carotene and lutein, respectively, were selected according to the weighted regression coefficients of the PLS regression models, and simplified determinant models were built on the extracted EWs. The ELM models based on the EWs obtained the best results, with correlation coefficients of calibration (rc) and prediction (rp), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 0.977, 0.946, and 2.84, respectively, for ß-carotene and 0.975, 0.937, and 2.88, respectively, for lutein. The overall results indicate that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics could be a rapid and accurate alternative method for determining carotenoid pigments in green tea. Keywords: ß-carotene, Chemometrics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Green tea, Lutein.
Development of an Automated High- Throughput Phenotyping System for Wheat Evaluation in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Zhang Chongyuan , Zhang Chongyuan , Pumphrey Michael O. , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Qin , Sankaran Sindhuja , Pumphrey Michael O. , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Qin , Sankaran Sindhuja
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

Plant breeding has significantly improved in recent years; however, phenotyping remains a bottleneck, as the process of evaluating and measuring plant traits is often expensive, subjective, and laborious. Although commercial phenotyping systems are available, factors like cost, space, and need for specific controlled-environment conditions limit the affordability of these products. An accurate, user-friendly, adaptive, and high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) system is highly desirable to plant breeders, physiologists, and agronomists. To solve this problem, an automated HTP system and image processing algorithms were developed and tested in this study. The automated platform was an integration of an aluminum framework (including movement and control components), three cameras, and a laptop computer. A control program was developed using LabVIEW to manage operation of the system frame and sensors as a single-unit automated HTP system. Image processing algorithms were developed in MATLAB for high-throughput analysis of images acquired by the system to estimate phenotypes and traits associated with tested plants. The phenotypes extracted were color/spectral, texture, temperature, morphology, and greenness features on a temporal scale. Using two wheat lines with known heat tolerance, the functions of the HTP system were validated. Heat stress tolerance experiments revealed that features such as green leaf area and green normalized difference vegetation index derived from our system showed differences between the control and heat stress treatments, as well as between heat-tolerant and susceptible wheat lines. In another experiment, stripe rust resistance in wheat was assessed. With the HTP system, some potential for detecting qualitative traits, such as disease resistance, was observed, although further validation is needed. In summary, successful development and implementation of an automated system with custom image processing algorithms for HTP in wheat was achieved. Improvement of such systems would further help plant breeders, physiologists, and agronomists to phenotype crops in an efficient, objective, and high-throughput manner. Keywords: Automation, Heat stress, Image processing, Plant breeding, Sensing, Stripe rust.
Effect of Microwave Radiation on Internal Inoculum of Ascochyta Blight in Lentil Seeds at Different Seed Moisture Contents
Authors: Taheri Saeedeh , Taheri Saeedeh , Brodie Graham Ian , Gupta Dorin , Dadu Rama Harinath Reddy , Brodie Graham Ian , Gupta Dorin , Dadu Rama Harinath Reddy
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

Considering the development of pest and pathogen resistance to chemical treatments and the cost of developing new chemicals, proper physical methods for integrated pest management seem to be gaining interest. Microwave treatment has been considered a potential postharvest pest and disease management strategy in legume and grain seeds. The effect of this process on pathogens related to legumes, which could be expressed as a very fast and volumetric thermal treatment, has not been fully studied. In this study, a domestic microwave oven with full output power of 1100 W (company information) or 485 W (calibrated with 150 g of water) was used to treat red lentil seeds that were naturally infected with the Ascochyta blight (AB) pathogen, a problematic seedborne fungi of lentil. Microwave radiation was applied at three moisture contents of red lentil seeds (9.1%, 16%, and 19% wet basis) and two power levels (50% and 100%). Three exposure times for each moisture content and power level were selected to achieve the same final average temperatures with low and high moisture contents (approx. 65°C to 85°C). The complementary error function was used to model and compare the pathogen and seed death rates based on the normally distributed susceptibility of the AB pathogen and seed germination to microwave heating. At 9% moisture content with water activity of 0.4, the percentage of infected seeds decreased from 17% to 9% without significant loss of seed viability when a power level of 100% (9.7 W g-1) and exposure time of 51 s were applied, and the final average surface temperature reached 84°C. However, seed vigor, measured by the electrical conductivity of the seed leachate, decreased at this power level and exposure time. Despite the feasibility of fungi elimination at higher moisture content at the same final average temperatures, eliminating fungi from the seeds without harming their viability and vigor was challenging. Keywords: Ascochyta blight, Lentils, Microwave energy, Pathology.