bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histological Changes in the Liver and Biochemical Parameters of Chickens Treated with Lead Acetate II
Authors:   Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. ,, Ashrafizadeh Milad , Rafiei Hossein ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran., Ahmadi Zahra ,   Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shushtar University, Khuzestan, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: Lead is one of the heavy metals that is persists in the environment and has destructive effects on various human tissues. We investigated the effects of lead on the histological features of liver and its enzymatic functions. Methods: Forty chickens were purchased and randomly divided into four groups. In addition to the normal feed, each group received different doses of lead acetate II in the feed. After preparing microscopic slides, the level of liver enzymes was measured. Results: It was demonstrated that the level of liver enzymes increases and devastating effects on the liver structures occurred. Conclusion: In according to the adverse effects of lead on the liver and due to the increase use of this harmful agent in the different parts and its increase in the air, especially in Iran, there is a need for considering a comprehensive plan for preventing of more outbreak of this agents and inhibiting the toxic effects of it on the birds.
Missile-related Lead Exposure and Blood Pressure in Patients with Retained Pellets in the Craniomaxillofacial Region
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria., Edetanlen Ekaniyere Benlance , Obuekwe Ozoemene Ndubuisi ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria.
Published: June 2021

Background: Environmental and occupational lead exposures are known to cause an elevated blood pressure but can this concept be applied to missile-related lead exposure? Methods: We implemented a controlled, cohort study design to examine study samples with long-standing missiles in craniomaxillofacial region using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and standard sphygmomanometry to measure the blood lead levels and blood pressure respectively. The predictor variable was blood lead levels and the outcome variable were blood pressure. Other variables were age, number of pellets, and duration of retention. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics were computed and the P-value was set at 0.05. Results: There was a significant, strong and positive association seen between diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.34;P< 0.001) unlike systolic blood pressure that showed an insignificant, weak and negative associations with blood lead levels(r = - 0.01, P = 0.82). Binary logistic regression showed that blood lead levels, though less significant, (OR= 1.24, P = 0.01, 95%CI = 1.04-1.42) had a higher likelihood to cause hypertension than the age of the patients (OR = 1.03, 95%CI=1.01-1.04, 0.003). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest an association between missiles-related lead exposure and the diastolic blood pressure.
Acute Toxicity of Herbicides on the Survival of Adult Shrimp, Artemia Franciscana
Authors:   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University. Ahvaz, Iran., Rahnama Roya , Tulaby Dezfuly Zahra ,   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University. Ahvaz, Iran., Alishahi Mojtaba ,   Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University. Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: Herbicides are widely used in agriculture to kill a large variety of unwanted weeds. However, the application in water ecosystems may pose harmful impacts on the health of aquatic organisms. We studied the acute toxicity of four major types of herbicides on the survival of adult shrimp, Artemia franciscana (AF). Methods: The brine shrimp, AF, was hatched from the commercially encysted dry eggs. The acute toxicity (LC50; 48 hr) of four herbicides, paraquat; 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-DCPA); trifluralin; and glyphosate, was examined by a standard method. We exposed the shrimps to sequentially rising concentrations of each herbicide in triplicate. The mortalities were recorded at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after exposure and the LC50 was calculated, using a Probit software. Results: This study demonstrated that the acute toxicity of these herbicides was significantly different in adult shrimp AF. The lethal concentrations (LC50) of Paraquat, 2,4-DCPA, trifluralin and glyphosate against the shrimp were 2.701, 14.475, 0.446 and 17.431 mg/l, respectively. Trifluralin and paraquat caused the highest lethality at lower LC50 concentration compared to the other two herbicides. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that increasing herbicides concentration or duration of exposure raised the mortality rate of AF’s.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK GREYWATER MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI LAHAN BASAH BUATAN
Authors: Maliga Iga , Asdak Chay , Winata Efan Yudha
Published: June 2021

Along with the significant increase of population in Bandung City at the moment, domestic wastewater management process must be considered to avoid river contamination, which one of the causes is domestic wastewater disposal without any prior management process. This study is located in Bandung City, which the research was performed in Research Center for Water Resources Office (PUSAIR) Bandung by involving residents of RW 09 Kelurahan Dago as respondents. The method used in this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of the domestic wastewater management process which is carried out using constructed wetlands by considering the economic, environmental, social, and technological aspects. The result shows that the sustainability value of the domestic wastewater management process conducted in the PUSAIR office is approximately 65.2% with the status of moderate sustainability. The detail result of each aspects is economic dimension 62.5%; ecological dimension 75%; social dimension 33.3%; and technological dimension 90%.Keywords: Domestic wastewater, Constructed wetlands, Surface flow techniques, Sustainability analysis
Aspettative, percezioni e motivazioni degli studenti di una scuola superiore pubblica all’interno di São Paulo
Authors: Dendasck Carla Viana , Facco Lucas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dias Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: June 2021

La teoria degli obiettivi del raggiungimento cerca di comprendere l’insieme di fattori, come: pensieri, credenze, motivazioni, scopi ed emozioni che portano lo sviluppo delle prestazioni dell’individuo (in questo caso, gli studenti) ad agire, e di conseguenza tradurre in risultati le loro azioni. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca era quello di indagare le aspettative, le percezioni e le motivazioni degli studenti di un liceo pubblico all’interno di San Paolo. Lo studio qualitativo è stato condotto in un liceo pubblico, situato in una città all’interno dello stato di São Paulo, nel primo semestre del 2019. La separazione dei genitori può talvolta essere un fattore problematico per la vita degli studenti. Gli studenti i cui genitori hanno alfabetizzazione e un’istruzione formale più lunga tendono a rimanere alfabetizzati ed evolversi nella sfera educativa. Gli studenti delle scuole superiori cercano di completare i loro studi e passare all’istruzione superiore al fine di raggiungere gli obiettivi di vita personale. Gran parte degli studenti non comprende l’effettiva funzione di frequentare la scuola
TECHNICAL MODERNIZATION OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: BASIC PRINCIPLES
Authors: Bilokin Aleksander
Published: June 2021

The article substantiates the basics of technical modernization management of the material and technical support system of agricultural sector in modern conditions of economic development. The efficiency of any agricultural production is impossible without a sufficient level of material and technical resources. Logistics is the basis for the functioning of the agricultural sector economy, which contributes to the development and improvement production in all its spheres. From the point of view of logistical support, the peculiarity of agricultural production is the use in its process of machinery and agricultural machinery with a relatively short period of use. It has been established that the determination of the need for machines and agricultural machinery, the organization of their purchase, maintenance and repair is an important part of the logistical support management system. Thus, the introduction of innovative technologies in the agricultural sector requires the improvement of the logistical support management system, the modernization of the machine-technological base, the improvement of the technical equipment of the industry and its technical and technological potential. Technical modernization of the agricultural sector involves not only the processes of restoration and reproduction of the technical base, but also the development and implementation of innovative, resource-saving technologies based on the use of modern types of machinery and equipment. Innovative management of the logistical support system in order to modernize the agricultural sector can be defined as a system of economic, organizational and managerial measures aimed at improving technical equipment and improving technologies in order to ensure the production of products in the agricultural sector with the minimum cost of all resources. The implementation of technical modernization management should be based on an objective assessment of the level of technical equipment, the formation of adequate financing mechanisms, taking into account the market conditions for agricultural machinery and technologies used.
PROSPECTS OF USING DNA-MARKERS IN GRAPEVINE BREEDING
Authors:   Federal State Scientific Budget Institution «North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking», Krasnodar, Russia,, Kozina T.D. , Ilnitskaya E.T. ,   Federal State Scientific Budget Institution «North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking», Krasnodar, Russia,, Makarkina M.V. ,   Federal State Scientific Budget Institution «North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking», Krasnodar, Russia,
Published: June 2021

DNA-markers are actively used for the fin-gerprinting of genotypes, identification of va-rieties, in phylogenetic studies, for assessing genetic diversity, for mapping genes, etc. The article presents an analytical review of the achievements in the use of molecular markers in grape genetics as a basis for breeding works. Information is given about mapped genes and quantitative traits loci of grapes (QTL), about identified DNA-markers. It is shown that, using DNA-markers, was imple-mented the identification of genetic determi-nants determining such traits as resistance to pathogens (Agrobacterium sp. Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator, Guignardia bidwellii, etc.), as well as grape quality indica-tors (berry pulp structure, berry size, seedless-ness, etc).Also, sets of DNA-markers have been developed for many of the identified genes. DNA-markers are used to identify genes of valuable traits in hybrid populations and to select the parental forms - gene donors. The DNA-marking method is used in the breeding to accelerate the transfer of econom-ically valuable genes and create new varieties with the required traits. The progress of mo-lecular genetic research in recent decades opens up new opportunities for grape breed-ing. The expediency of using DNA-markers and their selection for research should be as-sessed precisely for a specific breeding pro-gram.
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED WHITE WINE GRAPE VA-RIETIES OF DON AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION
Authors:   Ya.I. Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center»,, Matveeva N.V. , Bahmetova M.V. ,   Ya.I. Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center»,
Published: June 2021

The results of the technological assessment of white technical grape varieties growing on the ampelographic collection of the institute are shown: Riesling, Grubella, Goruli mtsvane, No-rock, Khotsa tsibil. Samples of dry white wines were prepared using classical technology. The research was carried out in the laboratory of winemaking technology in micro-winemaking conditions. The weight of one batch of grapes was 7–15 kg. The main physical and chemical parameters of wort and wine were determined. As a result of the organoleptic assessment, con-clusions were drawn about the advisability of using these varieties for the production of natu-ral white table wines. Riesling was chosen as a control variety. Wine materials from the re-searched varieties were distinguished by their typical, pale straw color, with a greenish tint, delicate varietal aroma, full, harmonious taste. This indicates a high potential of the studied varieties for the preparation of high-quality wines.
Movimentos Sociais e Educação Popular no Brasil
Authors: Kittlaus Baalbaki Angela Aiche , Acordi de Menezes Nascimento Luciene
Published: June 2021

O contexto histórico do sistema educacional brasileiro é marcado por reformas educacionais, movimentos sociais e lutas por uma educação laica, de qualidade, gratuita, com acesso a todas as camadas sociais e por mais vagas, dentre outros aspectos.  Com este trabalho buscou-se apresentar um breve histórico dessas lutas e movimentos sociais no Brasil por uma educação popular, mais justa e igualitária, descrevendo sucintamente o contexto político vigente em cada período e a importância desses movimentos sociais para a educação. Dessa forma a pesquisa, inicia-se trazendo reflexões sobre o significado da Educação Popular, seguindo de um breve histórico das principais manifestações em defesa da escola pública, iniciando na década de 1930 com o Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova, seguindo com algumas das principais manifestações populares das próximas décadas, passando pela aprovação Lei nº 9.394, que estabelece as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional, promulgada em 1996, até os importantes acontecimentos do ano de 2013 e as lutas de 2015 no estado do Paraná.

Os movimentos sociais apresentam um caráter educativo, que possibilita imenso aprendizado e seu estudo nos permite concluir que ainda temos muitos desafios a serem enfrentados no que se refere à educação popular no Brasil. Nesta pesquisa almejamos resgatar o papel dos Movimentos Sociais pela educação no contexto histórico, acreditando que trabalhos como este, de revisão histórica, buscam enaltecer os fatos já vividos assim como seus protagonistas, e a partir deles reger novos passos.
O Protagonismo Aprendiz: Trajetórias (Auto)Biográficas de Formação Docente de Pedagogas Universitárias
Authors: Medianeira da Silva Reis Cristiane , Santin Mônica , Da Cunha Jorge Luiz
Published: June 2021

Resumo Estruturado:

O presente artigo se configura sob a forma de a um recorte da dissertação de mestrado em educação do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), gerado pelo interesse em torno da investigação sobre: em que medida as narrativas (auto)biográficas das trajetórias de formação de pedagogos docentes dos cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM e do Centro Universitário Franciscano-UNIFRA, de Santa Maria – RS, se relacionam com suas práticas docentes? Através do método qualitativo, de cunho bibliográfico, buscamos verificar as possibilidades de reflexão docente, emergentes das narrativas, enquanto movimento de reflexão para compreensão dos processos formativos inicial e continuado. Consideramos o potencial formativo e reflexivo das narrativas (auto)biográficas por possibilitar a compreensão reflexiva sobre o caminho formativo, significando e (res)significando as trajetórias pessoais e formativas e vislumbrando novas práticas profissionais.
Um Olhar sobre o Ensino de Artes e seu Papel Sócio-político
Authors: Bernardes Rosvita Kölb , Schütz Júlia Andressa
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um recorte de um projeto de pesquisa em educação. Esse estudo se vincula a linha de pesquisa: Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, e é desenvolvido junto ao Núcleo de Estudos sobre Memória e Educação – CLIO. A investigação aqui apresentada propõe trazer um olhar sobre o ensino de artes e a educação, bem como salientar a importância dessa disciplina tanto em sala de aula quanto nos diferentes espaços formativos. Além disso, o estudo aborda questões que se ligam as políticas públicas educacionais no contexto formativo de escolas. Portanto, esta investigação traz a importância e a valorização dos diferentes contextos e sujeitos, respeitando e reconhecendo as especificidades de cada um, de cada lugar, de cada cultura.
The macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Ottoman Empire: A study of data from 1881–1913
Authors: Lotfi Demikha  , Amir Shaharuddin  , Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Edris
Published: June 2021

The 19th century witnessed noticeable events that shaped the geopolitical and economic spheres in both Europe and Ottoman Empire. Internationally, the industrial revolution, the economic crisis, and the Crimean War were some of those. By 1870, the OE declared its bankruptcy and this decision went viral into the international market, which in fact led to tighten the conditions by the European powers to obtain foreign capital. This study aims to provide a new insight on the external debt determinants using the economic data 1881 to 1913. Applying ARDL as an econometric approach to determine the interrelationship, the findings of the study reveal that the economic growth is negatively associated with the external debts. Also, the study found that government expenditure is having a positive relationship with the accumulation of external debts.
Ibn Khuzaymah Dan Takwil Hadis Sifat: Sebuah Analisis Kepada Kandungan Hadis Wajh Dan Ṣūrah
Authors: Bin Harun Zamzuri , Muhammad Noor Umar
Published: June 2021

How to understand the content of Hadis Sifat is one of the most contested topics in the history of Islamic theology. In short, Hadis Sifat is a term for certain hadiss that seem to assign human attributes to God. Methodological differences in understanding the content of such hadiss have sparked polemics between those who endorse ta’wil (figurative interpretation) and those who disapprove it. This article will examine the approach used by Muhammad bin Ishāq bin Khuzaymah (d. 311 H), a respected scholar of hadis in Nishapur, in dealing with Hadis Sifat in his Kitāb al-Tawḥīd. It will observe his commentaries on certain hadiss in which the prophet explicitly mentioned divine face (wajh) and form (ṣūrah). This study applied document and textual analysis. It found that although Ibn Khuzaymah generally stressed on the obligation of accepting the literal meaning, he did not entirely discard the ta’wil interpretation. He in some cases applied speculative interpretation to avoid misconceptions and to prevent anthropomorphism.
The Evaluation of Sunnah and Non-Sunnah Eating Manners among Young Muslim Generation and Their Effects on Comfort Practices and Satiety Level: Case Study in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Abu Bakar Ibrahim , Ab Rahim Rafidah
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated sunnah and non-sunnah eating manners among young Muslim generation in Kuantan, Pahang involving secondary school children (age between 13-17) and university students (age between 18-25 years old). The sunnah and non-sunnah eating manners were cross-sectional studied and their effect on comfort practices and satiety levels were examined. About 200 respondents were voluntarily participated in this study where the data were collected using specific and pre-tested questionnaire. The level of comfort practices and satiety were measured using 1-5 Likert scale and all data were statistically analysed using computer software program; Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The results show that among sunnah eating practices which got high percentage score are recite doa before eating (84.0%), take closest food first (67.0%) and wash hand after eating (61.5%). While among non-sunnah eating practices which frequently practiced by respondents are eat while watching TV or reading (37.5%), blowing onto hot food (35.0%) and bring up plate close to mouth when eating (31.0%). Most practices of sunnah eating manners are influenced at least by one demographic factors either education level, age, gender and parenting factors. Many of non-sunnah eating manners are practiced by respondents on their own and not influenced by demographic factors. The results also show that sunnah eating manners are more comfortable to be practiced than non-sunnah eating manners and sunnah eating manners can give full satisfaction where the eater can achieve full satiety level where non-sunnah eating manners just give fullness feeling. This study shows a lot of wisdoms behind practices of sunnah eating manners.
Implikasi Ketiadaan Ṣifr Mustadīr ke atas Pentilawahan Al-Quran Braille
Authors: Rasdi Mohd Nur Adzam , Md Isa Muhammad Yusry Affandy , Ja'afar Noornajihan , Mohamad Khairul Anuar , Mohd Raus Norakyairee
Published: June 2021

The term Ḍabṭ refers to specific markers placed on the Quranic letters to indicate a sound or connotation of the letters such as Sukun, Mad, Tanwin, Syaddah etc. The purpose of Ḍabṭ is to ease the Quranic reciter to recite every text contained in the mushaf accurately. Since it was introduced in the middle of the first century, it has continued to expand from time to time until the present-day. The mushaf that has been transcript into Braille also is no exception. However, there are still some signs used in the regular mushaf that yet to be applied into Braille. Among the sign is the Ṣifr Mustadīr. The objective of this study is to identify the implications of the absence of such markings. The performance test method was used on study participants to obtain information which was then analyzed to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings imply that there are recitational error due to the absence of those sign. Based on this finding, discussions, conclusions and suggestions have been made aimed at ensuring the accuracy of the Braille form of the Quranic text to enable its readers to read the Quran as well as normal mushaf readers.Keywords: Al-Quran Text Writings, Recitation, Ḍabṭ Al-Quran, Braille Qur’an, Visually Impaired Persons.Abstrak Istilah Ḍabṭ adalah merujuk kepada tanda-tanda khusus yang diletakkan pada huruf-huruf al-Quran untuk menunjukkan sesuatu bunyi atau cara baca huruf-huruf tersebut seperti Sukun, Mad, Tanwin, Syaddah dan seumpamanya. Fungsi Ḍabṭ adalah untuk memudahkan para pembaca al-Quran membaca setiap teks yang terkandung di dalam mashaf dengan tepat. Semenjak ilmu ini diperkenalkan pada sekitar pertengahan kurun pertama Hijrah, ia terus berkembang daripada semasa ke semasa sehinggalah ke hari ini. Mashaf yang ditranskrip ke dalam tulisan Braille juga tidak terkecuali daripada elemen ini. Namun begitu, terdapat beberapa penandaan yang digunakan dalam mashaf tipikal tetapi masih belum diaplikasikan dalam mashaf Braille. Antara penandaan tersebuat adalah Ṣifr Mustadīr. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi mengenalpasti implikasi daripada ketiadaan penandaan tersebut. Kaedah ujian prestasi telah digunakan ke atas para peserta kajian bagi memperolehi maklumat yang seterusnya dianalisis bagi mencapai objektif kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat kesalahan bacaan akibat daripada ketiadaan penandaan tersebut. Berdasarkan dapatan ini beberapa perbincangan, kesimpulan dan cadangan telah dibuat bagi tujuan semakan dan penambahbaikan khususnya bagi menjaga ketepatan teks al-Quran di dalam bentuk Braille agar para pembacanya mampu membaca sebaik bacaan para pembaca mashaf tipikal.Kata kunci: Penulisan Mashaf, Tajwid, Ḍabṭ Al-Quran, Al-Quran Braille, OKU Penglihatan
Tahap Kefahaman dan Kemahiran Pengajaran Matapelajaran Jawi dalam Kalangan Guru Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Mohamad Yusof Mohamad Radhi , Zulkifli Hafizhah
Published: June 2021

Islamic education is a major subject in the National Education system and it is an important subject contained in the education curriculum system. Therefore, this study is conducted to unravel the level of understanding and skills of Religious teachers on teaching Jawi subjects, identify significant differences between the understanding and skills of Religious teachers based on gender, age, level of education and work experience and the relationship between understanding and skills among teachers Religion. This study was conducted with a survey study method based on a questionnaire of 140 respondents consisting of all religious teachers in one area zone 6 Kuala Lumpur. The results of the descriptive study show that the mean of understanding and skills of Religious teachers are at a high level. The results of the inference analysis show that there is no significant difference between the understanding and skills of Religious teachers on the teaching of Jawi subjects based on gender, age, and work experience. While there is a positive relationship between understanding and skills among Religious teachers. Therefore, the results of this study prove that Religious teachers have a good understanding and skills in teaching Jawi subjects and at the same time become a catalyst for a quality educator.
Keywords: Teaching, Jawi Subjects, Understanding, Skills, Religious Teachers
AbstrakPendidikan Islam adalah satu subjek yang utama dalam sistem Pendidikan Kebangsaan dan ia adalah satu matapelajaran penting yang terkandung dalam sistem kurikulum pendidikan. Justeru kajian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan bagi merungkai tahap kefahaman dan kemahiran guru Agama terhadap pengajaran matapelajaran Jawi, mengenal pasti perbezaan yang signifikan di antara kefahaman dan kemahiran guru Agama berdasarkan jantina, umur, tahap pendidikan dan pengalaman kerja serta hubungan antara kefahaman dan kemahiran di kalangan guru Agama. Kajian ini telah di jalankan dengan kaedah kajian tinjauan berdasarkan borang soal selidik sebanyak 140 respondan yang terdiri semuanya daripada para guru Agama di satu kawasan zon 6 Kuala Lumpur. Hasil dapatan kajian deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa min kefahaman dan kemahiran guru Agama berada pada tahap yang  tinggi. Hasil analisis inferensi menunujukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan  yang signifikan di antara kefahaman dan kemahiran guru Agama terhadap pengajaran matapelajaran Jawi berdasarkan jantina, umur, dan pengalaman kerja. Manakala terdapat hubungan positif di antara kefahaman dan kemahiran di kalangan guru Agama. Oleh yang demikian, hasil daripada dapatan kajian ini membuktikan bahawa guru-guru Agama mempunyai kefahaman dan kemahiran yang baik dalam pengajaran matapelajaran Jawi dan sekaligus menjadi pemangkin seorang pendidik yang berkualiti.
Kata kunci: Pengajaran, Matapelajaran Jawi, Kefahaman, Kemahiran, Guru Agama
Pengaruh Kitab Fiqh Jawi di Alam Melayu: Pengenalan Terhadap Manuskrip Arkān al-Ṣolāt
Authors: Abdul Rahim Farid Wajdi , Mohd Anuar Bin Mamat  , Syed Shamsuddin Syed Salim
Published: June 2021

Kedatangan agama Islam ke tanah Melayu telah berjaya mencorak dan mempengaruhi segala aspek dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu terutamanya terhadap pandangan alam, amalan keagamaan, budaya dan juga bahasa. Kesan daripada proses Islamisasi ini, pemikiran dan daya intelek orang Melayu telah diangkat pada satu tahap yang tinggi dan hal ini terbukti apabila golongan intelektual dan ulama mereka berjaya menghasilkan ratusan penulisan yang merentasi pelbagai disiplin ilmu khasnya bidang agama. Karya keagamaan tersebut telah menjadi sukatan pembelajaran dan rujukan utama bagi masyarakat Melayu untuk mempelajari agama Islam terutamanya hal-hal berkenaan akidah, fiqh dan tasawuf. Justeru, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendedahkan pengaruh kitab jawi khasnya yang ditulis dalam bidang fiqh serta memperkenalkan manuskrip fiqh jawi yang berjudul Arkān al-Ṣolāt dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan kajian perpustakaan. Naskhah asal manuskrip ini diperolehi daripada Pusat Kebangsaan Manuskrip Melayu (PNM). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Melayu mempunyai hubungan keilmuan yang intim dengan kitab fiqh jawi. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa manuskrip ini berjaya menonjolkan keunikan dan kearifan ilmuan Melayu dalam menghasilkan karya dalam bidang fiqh yang berkeupayaan untuk meningkatkan ilmu serta kualiti amal ibadah bagi masyarakat Melayu.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Views on the Implementation of Game-Based Learning for Academic Writing Skills
Authors: Zakaria Nur Yasmin Khairani , Md Yunus Melor , Hashim Harwati , Mohd Nordin Norazah , Norman Helmi , Adnan Nor Hafizah
Published: June 2021

Implementation of game-based learning has been perceived by educators as a means to enhance effective classroom learning. Aspects in games have been identified to motivate learners to actively engage throughout the learning as it provides a fun, engaging, and rewarding experience for the learners. Despite the widespread of games implementation in classroom learning, limited exposure has been noted in the context of language learning particularly in ESL classrooms. In regard to the aforementioned situation, the current study aims to discover the implementation of game-based learning in the context of language learning. Research related to writing skills found to be limited in nature; therefore, the current study has discovered a need to further investigate the implementation of game-based learning in writing classrooms. In this study, a total of 32 pre-service teachers have participated in a survey conducted to discover their views on the implementation of games in a writing classroom. Data were analyzed quantitatively using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) by evaluating the mean value of the findings. The analysis from the data obtained showed that these students responded positively to the use of games in the writing classroom. The students also believed that engagement among peers in the classroom appeared to be less threatening; therefore, knowledge transfer became naturally favorable throughout the pedagogical process. These results implied a useful insight for writing instructors to further equip language learners with the use of games in classroom learning.
Pengaruh Kepimpinan Instruksional, Kecerdasan Emosi dan Personaliti Guru Besar Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Guru Sekolah Rendah di Sabah
Authors: Ambotang Abdul Said , Hamid Rosdah Herawaty
Published: June 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan dan pengaruh kepimpinan instruksional, kecerdasan emosi dan persoaliti guru besar terhadap prestasi kerja guru sekolah rendah di negeri Sabah. Seramai 419 orang responden telah dipilih dalam kalangan guru dari lima puluh buah sekolah rendah di negeri Sabah yang dipilih secara rawak menggunakan kaedah pensampelan rawak berstrata. Data Kajian diperoleh menggunakan soal selidik tertutup mengandungi 88 item yang diubah suai daripada instrumen Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS), Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIQue-S), Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) dan prestasi kerja oleh Iran Herman dan Fatimah Wati Halim. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages For Social Sciences. Ujian Korelasi Pearson bagi ketiga-tiga variabel menunjukkan wujud hubungan signifikan secara positif dengan prestasi kerja guru. Analisis regresi menunjukkan ketiga-tiga variabel turut memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja guru. Berdasarkan data empirikal yang dibincangkan, kajian ini boleh dijadikan panduan oleh semua pihak yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam bidang pendidikan dan penyelidikan dalam meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru di sekolah rendah.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the relationship and effects of instructional leadership, emotional intelligence and headmaster’s personality towards primary schools teachers’ job performance in Sabah. A number of 419 respondents from 50 primary schools in Sabah were chosen randomly using Stratified Random Sampling method. The results gained using closed questionnaire that contained 88 items which was modified from Principal of Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS), Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIQue-S), Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) and job performance by Iran Herman and Fatimah Wati Halim. The data was analysed using Statistical Packages For Social Sciences. Thus, Pearson Correlation Test for the variables showed that there are significant positive connection with teacher’s job performance. The regression analysis also showed that all the variables has significantly affect the teacher’s job performance. In regard of the empirical data as discussed, this study could be used as a guide by party of interest in the field of educations or studies to improve teacher’s job performance in primary school.
Penerapan Kemahiran Proses Sains melalui Pembelajaran Sains Berasaskan Permainan Digital
Authors: Ahmad N. Faizah , Iksan Zanaton
Published: June 2021

Kemahiran Proses Sains (KPS) adalah kemahiran yang penting bagi menentukan sesorang itu berliterasi sains, bukan semata-mata untuk melahirkan bakal saintis. Berdasarkan kajian-kajian lepas yang telah dijalankan, pelajar Malaysia mempunyai tahap KOSyang sederhana. Bersesuaian dengan era digital, pembelajaran berasaskan permainan digital (PBPD) mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk menjadi alat pembelajaran yang berkesan dalam meningkatkan tahap kemahiran proses sains pelajar kerana ia dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan minat pelajar terhadap matapelajaran sains. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian yang telah dijalankan berkaitan PBPD ini, namun kebanyakannya mengukur pencapaian sains pelajar dan kurang kajian dilakukan untuk mengukur tahap penguasaan KPS pelajar. Justeru, kertas konsep ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan penggunaan pendekatan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Permainan Digital dalam meningkatkan tahap KPS pelajar dan mengenalpasti KPS yang bersesuaian yang boleh diterapkan menggunakan permainan digital oleh guru sains. Kertas konsep ini dibina berdasarkan kepada tinjauan literatur beberapa artikel yang membincangkan pembelajaran berasaskan permainan digital dalam pendidikan sains serta penguasaan kemahiran proses sains. Berdasarkan dapatan analisis daripada kajian-kajian yang lepas, KPS yang sesuai diterapkan menggunakan permainan digital dalam kelas sains termasuklah membuat pemerhatian, meramal, membuat hipotesis, membuat pengelasan, mengenalpasti pembolehubah, menjalankan eksperimen, merekod data dan membuat inferens. Justeru, kertas konsep ini juga diharapkan dapat menekankan keperluan kepada pembinaan modul yang dapat membantu guru dalam menerapkan KPS menggunakan permainan digital.
Membina Pembangunan Insan Melalui Kolaboratif Guru Dalam Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional
Authors: Iksan Zanaton , Mohamad Ariffin Rabiatul ‘Aqilah , Syed Imam Sharifah Sebran Jamila
Published: June 2021

Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional adalah satu platform untuk guru berkolaboratif dalam kalangan guru untuk membincangkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran sebaik mungkin. Kolaboratif ini adalah untuk memantau proses pembelajaran pelajar secara lebih berfokus, seterusnya melihat perkembangan pelajar bagi memastikan kemenjadian pelajar. Bagi mencapai matlamat itu, pihak Kementerian Pendidikan telah membangunkan “Kit PLC” bagi membantu membudayakan amalan kolaboratif guru. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk membincangkan amalan kolaboratif berasaskan kepada kit PLC dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Terdapat 13 strategi atau alat kolaboratif yang dibincangkan iaitu Dialog Prestasi, Kelab Buku, Kumpulan Belajar Guru, Kritikan Video, Jelajah Pembelajaran, Bimbingan Rakan Sekerja, Kajian Pembelajaran, Sesi Perkongsian Guru, Analisis Data, Kumpulan Rakan Kritik, Induksi dan Pementoran Guru Baharu, Kumpulan Penyelesaian Masalah, serta Pasukan Melintang dan Pasukan Menegak. Strategi ini memberi impak kepada peningkatan pedagogi guru dengan memberi tumpuan kepada perkembangan pelajar bagi memastikan kemenjadian pelajar.
Transepidermal Water Loss after Water Immersion
Authors: Nitiyarom Rattanavalai , Siriwat Nampen , Wisuthsarewong Wanee
Published: June 2021

Objective: To observe changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at different times after water immersion.Materials and Methods: TEWL values were measured before water immersion and at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after immersion of the skin in water for 5 minutes.Results: Forty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled with an average age of 30.4±5.5 years. Twenty-five subjects were female and sixteen were male. The TEWL value before water immersion (TEWLbaseline) was 13.16±7.27 g/m2/h and TEWL values at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after immersion were 23.21±7.67, 16.12±3.42, 14.76±6.36, 14.45±6.67, 13.53±4.67 and 12.96±5.18 g/m2/h, respectively. After immersion, TEWL values at 3 and 5 minutes statistically increased compared to TEWLbaseline (p<0.001). TEWL values between 10 to 30 minutes gradually dropped with no statistically significant difference compared to the previous period and TEWLbaseline. Although total water loss from the skin occurred within 30 minutes, 56.9% of it occurred within 10 minutes after immersion. There was no significant difference between TEWLbaseline in males and females but the TEWL values at 3, 5 and 15 minutes after immersion in males was higher than in females (p<0.05). Conclusion: TEWL statistically increased after water immersion for only 5 minutes. The cumulative percentage of TEWL was high within 10 minutes. Gender did not affect TEWL values before immersion; however, males experienced more water loss from the skin than females after immersion. Therefore, moisturizer should be applied immediately before TEWL occurs.
Early Removal of the Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant and Associated Factors Among Users at the Urban Family Planning Clinic in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Parkpinyo Nichamon , Panichyawat Nalinee , Sirimai Korakot
Published: June 2021

Objective: To study the rate and reasons for the early removal of etonogestrel contraceptive implants and associated factors at the family planning clinic in Siriraj Hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between May 2015 and December 2019 and contained 1,030 women who received the etonogestrel contraceptive implant. The medical records of demographic characteristics and clinical factors i.e., implant insertion date, implant removal date, reason for implant removal, contraceptive use before implant insertion and after implant removal, documented bleeding pattern and acceptability, were identified.  Results: The mean age of participants was 28.6 ± 6.9 years. About 21% of women (218/1030) prematurely discontinued their etonogestrel implant. A desire to become pregnant was the most common reason for early removal of the etonogestrel implant (32%). Meanwhile, the most common side-effect contributing to early removal was unscheduled bleeding. The associated variables of early etonogestrel implant removal were low BMI (p-value = 0.021) and unacceptability of bleeding pattern at one year (p-value < 0.001) and two years (p-value < 0.001) after insertion. Conclusion: Early etonogestrel implant discontinuation rate was remarkable and the main reasons for it include a desire to become pregnant and bleeding side effects. Moreover, a lower BMI and unacceptability of bleeding problems also increased the likelihood of early removal of this contraceptive method.
Pharmacotherapy in chronic kidney disease hyperphosphatemia – effects on vascular calcification and bone health
Authors: Dzingarski Dimce , Mladenovska Kristina
Published: June 2021

Hyperphosphatemia (HP) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to complications such as renal osteodistrophy, cardiovascular calcification and hemodynamic abnormalities, all of them having a serious impact on the survival rate and quality of life. Also, HP is a key pathogenic factor in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in CKD. Having in regard the significance of controlling serum phosphorus levels (Pi), in this paper, the needs and obstacles to successful pharmacological management of HP in CKD are presented, with an overview of major classes of phosphate binders (PBs) and other drugs affecting Pi level, such as active vitamin D sterols and calcimimetics (CMs). In addition, their effects on progression of cardiovascular calcification and bone health are elaborated. In this regard, a PubMed search was carried out to capture all abstracts and articles relevant to the topic of CKD, HP and mineral metabolism, bone disorders and vascular/valvular calcification (VC), published from January 2007 to August 2017. The search was limited to English language, with the search terms including drug name AND hyperphosphatemia or cardiovascular calcification or bone disorder. Comparative studies, clinical studies/trials and meta-analyses related to different classes/representatives of PBs, vitamin D analogues and CMs were reviewed and research data related to their efficacy and safety compared.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia, phosphate binders, active vitamin D sterols, calcimimetics, bone disorders, cardiovascular calcification
Evaluation of costs and outcomes associated with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins) of venous thromboembolism at orthopedic ward in Clinical Hospital Stip
Authors: Lazarova Biljana , Kapedanovska Nestorovska Aleksandra , Sterjev Zoran , Suturkova Ljubica
Published: June 2021

Clinical trials have shown Low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) to be at least as safe and efficacious as unfractionated heparin (UFH) for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery who are at highest risk of developing VTE. The retrospective study was conducted at orthopedic department in Clinical Hospital – Stip for period of 12 months (January-December 2013), where LMWHs and UFH are accepted thromboprophylaxis options. 320 patients (144 males and 157 females, medium age 58 years and 70 years, respectively) were hospitalized for various types of major orthopedic surgical interventions. 212 (66%) patients were admitted because of hip or knee fractures, 26 (8%) had conditions after hip or knee fractures and 82 (26%) were hospitalized for removal or implanting of osteosynthetic devices. After the surgical intervention, patients were subjected to anticoagulant prophylaxis (UFH or LMWHs). Which type of prophylaxis will be used depended exclusively on the surgeon’s decision. VTE complications resulting death were observed in 8 (2.5%) out of 13 patients. Death because of PE occurred in 2 (25%) out of 8 patients, compared to 6 (75%) patients who had fatal DVT complications. The average hospital cost for patients treated with LMWHs prophylaxis as first line thromboprophylaxis option was 52831.92 MKD/patient compared to 70082.24 MKD/patient for UFH first line thromboprophylaxis option. We observed that LMWHs thromboprophylaxis, applied in recommended doses subcutaneously once a day, is potentially more effective and cost saving option compared to UFH and should be considered as pharmacological treatment of first choice for the prevention of VTE (DVT and PE) in patients recovering from major orthopedic surgery at the orthopedic department in Clinical Hospital Stip.

Keywords: Thromboprophylaxis, major orthopedic surgery, LMWHs, UFH
Correlation between pH, buffering capacity, calcium and dental caries in schoolchildren
Authors: Zabokova Bilbilova Efka , Sotirovska Ivkovska Ana , Sarakinova Olivera , Kokoceva Ivanovska Olga , Stavreva Natasha
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to determine salivary pH, buffering capacity and calcium levels in caries-free and caries-active children.
We examined 80 children of both genders, 15 years of age. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: caries-free females, caries-active females, caries-free males, caries-active males; each group consisted of 20 subjects. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected by the spitting method and then pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva was measured.
The results showed that mean level of buffering capacity of saliva was decreased significantly in the caries-active group as compared to caries-free group. The obtained data showed that the mean levels of pH and calcium were decreased in the caries-active group as compared to the caries-free group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
The saliva with its constituents plays an important role in maintaining oral and especially dental health. Salivary pH values were found to be higher in the caries-free group. In our study, there was no significant correlation of pH values and caries activity with gender. Buffer capacity values were significantly lower in the caries-active group than in the caries-free group. There were significant differences when the groups were compared in the caries-active group where buffer capacity values were higher in boys than in girls.
Calcium content of saliva was higher in the caries-free group.
The results obtained in this study related to the values of the pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva, may serve as parameters for determining the caries risk patients, and accordingly to plan and carry appropriate caries preventive measures.

Keywords: saliva, dental caries, pH, buffer capacity, calcium
Effect of manufacturing protocol on the internal fit and marginal discrepancy of metal ceramic and full ceramic dental crowns
Authors: V. Geshoska Katerina , Bajevska Jagoda
Published: June 2021

The accuracy of internal fit and marginal precision plays important role of clinical quality and success of dental crowns. Complications caused by marginal discrepancies such as caries, gingivitis, hypersensitivity are highlighted in dental literature. Despite marginal fit, internal fit and precision have a significant role in the persistence of full ceramic and metal ceramic crowns. As the technology evolves, it’s questionable which impression and manufacturing method is giving most accurate dental crowns.
Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to get some information and data about marginal and internal fitting of dental crowns made by conventional, two-phase impression technique with polyvinyl siloxanes, and using different manufacturing process.

Keywords: internal fit, marginal discrepancy, metal ceramic, full ceramic crowns