bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin attenuates kidney injury by alleviating lysosomal damage in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Shuting , Ma Xiaoqin , Chen Aomiao , Wu Yichuan , Wang Geningyue , Zhang Qian , Xue Yaoming , Jia Yijie , Zheng Zongji
Published: January 2025

Proteinuria-induced damage to renal tubular epithelial cells is one of the main causes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the clearance of overloaded albumin by lysosomes is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Therefore, lysosomal damage is closely related to the pathogenesis of DKD, but effective prevention and treatment measures are still lacking. Melatonin (MLT) is secreted by the pineal gland and can not only regulate circadian rhythms but also maintain lysosomal homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of significant lysosomal damage in renal tubules of DKD patients, which causes autophagy impairment and a concomitant oxidative stress imbalance; however, MLT can upregulate transcription factor EB (TFEB) to improve lysosomal damage and restore the biosynthesis in this organelle. Mechanistically, MLT may protect lysosomes via the upregulation of TFEB and the miR-205-5p‒LRP-1 pathway in renal tubules, thus improving autophagy dysfunction and oxidative imbalance in DKD.
Local generalized second law in crossed product constructions
Authors: Ali Mohd , Suneeta Vardarajan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we show a local generalized second law (the generalized entropy is nondecreasing) in crossed product constructions for maximally extended static and Kerr black holes using modular theory. The new ingredient is the use of results from a recent paper discussing the entropy of the algebra of operators in subregions of arbitrary spacetimes. These results rely on an assumption which we show is true in our setting. However, we do assume as in that paper, that the gravitational constraints are implemented on each partial Cauchy slice. We employ a slight generalization of the construction, by including an observer degree of freedom even for wedge shaped regions with an asymptotic boundary. In the last part of the paper, we look at modular Hamiltonians of deformed half-spaces in a class of static spacetimes, including the Schwarzschild spacetime. These are computed using path integrals, and we primarily compute them to investigate whether these nonlocal modular Hamiltonians can be made local by subtracting off pieces from the algebra and its commutant, as has been surmised in the literature. Along the way, the averaged null energy condition (ANEC) also follows in this class of spacetimes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Three-dimensional
SL(2,R)
Yang-Mills theory is equivalent to three-dimensional gravity with background sources
Authors: Borsten Leron , Kanakaris Dimitri , Kim Hyungrok
Published: January 2025

Chern-Simons theory with certain gauge groups is known to be equivalent to a first-order formulation of three-dimensional Einstein gravity with a cosmological constant, where both are purely topological. Here, we extend this correspondence to theories with dynamical degrees of freedom. As an example, we show that three-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SL(2,R) is equivalent to the first-order formulation of three-dimensional Einstein gravity with no cosmological constant coupled to a background stress-energy tensor density (which breaks the diffeomorphism symmetry). The local degree of freedom of three-dimensional Yang-Mills theory corresponds to degenerate “gravitational waves” in which the metric is degenerate and the spin connection is no longer completely determined by the metric. Turning on a cosmological constant produces the third-way (for Λ<0) or the imaginary third-way (for Λ>0) gauge theories with a background stress-energy tensor density.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Traveling Strings of Active Dipolar Colloids
Authors: Chao Xichen , Skipper Katherine , Royall C. Patrick , Henkes Silke , Liverpool Tanniemola B.
Published: January 2025

We study an intriguing new type of self-assembled active colloidal polymer system in 3D. It is obtained from a suspension of Janus particles in an electric field that induces parallel dipoles in the particles as well as self-propulsion in the plane perpendicular to the field. At low volume fractions, in experiment, the particles self-assemble into 3D columns that are self-propelled in 2D. Explicit numerical simulations combining dipolar interactions and active self-propulsion find an activity dependent transition to a string phase by increasing dipole strength. We classify the collective dynamics of strings as a function of rotational and translational diffusion. Using an anisotropic version of the Rouse model of polymers with active driving, we analytically compute the strings’ collective dynamics and center of mass motion, which matches simulations and is consistent with experimental data. We also discover long range correlations of the fluctuations along the string contour that grow with the active persistence time, a purely active effect that disappears in the thermal limit.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Extracting equations of motion from superconducting circuits
Authors: Pratt Christian Z. , Ray Kyle J. , Crutchfield James P.
Published: January 2025

Alternative computing paradigms open the door to exploiting recent innovations in computational hardware to probe the fundamental thermodynamic limits of information processing. One such paradigm employs superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to execute classical computations. This, though, requires constructing sufficiently complex superconducting circuits that support a suite of useful information processing tasks and storage operations, as well as understanding these circuits' energetics. First-principles circuit design leads to prohibitive algebraic complications when deriving the effective equations of motion—complications that to date have precluded achieving these goals, let alone doing so efficiently. We circumvent these complications by (i) specializing our class of circuits and physical operating regimes, (ii) synthesizing existing derivation techniques to suit these specializations, and (iii) implementing solution-finding optimizations which facilitate physically interpreting circuit degrees of freedom that respect physically grounded constraints. This leads to efficient and practical circuit prototyping, as well as accessing scalable circuit architectures. The analytical efficiency is demonstrated by reproducing the potential energy landscape generated by a SQUID. We then show how inductively coupling two SQUIDs produces a device that is capable of executing two-bit computations via its composite potential energy landscape. More generally, the synthesized methods detailed here provide a basis for constructing universal logic gates and investigating their thermodynamic performance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Wrapping and unwrapping multifractal fields: Application to fatigue and abrupt failure fracture surfaces
Authors: Lakhal Samy , Ponson Laurent , Benzaquen Michael , Bouchaud Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2025

We develop a spectral procedure to generate multifractal random fields in any dimensions d, parameterized by their roughness exponent H, intermittency exponent λ, and multifractal range ξ. We retrieve all the salient features of the log-normal multifractal random walk introduced by E. Bacry [], namely, a quadratic scaling exponent spectrum ζq, and fat-tailed and spatially correlated fluctuations. Such construction procedure is then used in d=2 to “unwrap” experimental fracture surfaces of an aluminum alloy obtained by abrupt and fatigue failure. Our analysis demonstrates the presence of anisotropic and filamental structures, ascribed to the dissipative nature of the damage mechanisms that underlie material failure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Moral intelligence, emotional intelligence, organizational commitment and job performance of accountants
Authors: Nazaripour Mohammad , Zakizadeh Babak
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Accountants have a crucial role in organizational decisions, thus, examining their job performance as an organizational behavior is of great importance. Several factors affect the job performance of accountants. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of moral intelligence, emotional intelligence and organizational commitment (OC) on the job performance of accountants.

Design/methodology/approach

This applied research is based on a descriptive survey of professional accountants in the Iranian manufacturing sector using adaptations of questions from existing literature. Data analysis done using structural equation modeling and with the help of SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software. The sample size was 335 accountants.

Findings

According to the research findings, moral intelligence, emotional intelligence and OC had a significant direct effect on the job performance of accountants. Moreover, OC mediated the relationship between moral and emotional intelligence with job performance of accountants.

Originality/value

In today’s business environment, human resources are key in gaining a competitive advantage. Therefore, promoting features such as moral intelligence, emotional intelligence and OC are important in gaining a competitive advantage, through improving employees’ job performance.
Wine tourism as a catalyst for sustainable competitive advantage: unveiling the role of employee wellbeing and organizational commitment
Authors: Martínez-Falcó Javier , Sánchez-García Eduardo , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Visser Gustav
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research aims to explore the influence of the wine tourism development on the sustainable competitive advantage of Spanish wineries as well as the role of employee well-being and organizational commitment on this main relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This research formulates a theoretical model and then examines it through structural equation modeling. The analysis is based on data collected from 196 wineries in Spain, compiled during the period from September 2022 to January 2023.

Findings

The results of this study show a positive and significant effect between the wine tourism development and the sustainable competitive advantage of wineries in Spain as well as the mediating role of employee well-being and organizational commitment in this main connection.

Practical implications

Based on the study’s findings, winery managers are advised to develop wine tourism strategies that include guided tours emphasizing sustainability, curated food and wine experiences, cultural activities and specialized employee training programs to improve service quality, strengthen organizational commitment, and eventually achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.

Originality/value

The distinctiveness of this research stems from various key aspects: first, it enhances insight into the benefits linked to the wine tourism research field; second, this is the inaugural study to explore wine tourism development as a driving force for sustainable competitive advantage within Spanish wineries and; third, prior studies have not concurrently examined the functions of employee well-being and organizational commitment in mediating the connection between wine tourism development and the wineries’ sustainable competitive advantage.
A proposed conceptual model for linking Lean thinking and project management in the IT sector
Authors: Rodriguês Inês , Alves Wellington
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Recognizing this gap in the literature, previous research has developed a conceptual model that aligns Lean thinking (LT) tools and principles with project management (PM) domains to increase project efficiency through waste elimination. This paper aims to explore the application of LT in PM to minimize waste, focus on value delivery and subsequently enhance the efficiency of projects.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses qualitative analysis to validate the previously developed conceptual model by conducting structured interviews with project managers and practitioners in the information technology (IT) sector to examine waste sources, assess their impact on project efficiency and investigate the model’s applicability as a strategy to enhance efficiency in IT projects.

Findings

From the research conducted, the results from the literature put in evidence that while the construction and production sectors have seen extensive research on the link between LT and PM, the combined and complementary application of these concepts to IT PM remains understudied. The research findings reveal the agreement among all respondents that LT can be successfully adapted to PM practices, leading to a positive correlation between this adaptation and waste reduction, consequently enhancing project efficiency. Moreover, respondents concur that the developed conceptual model can be customized to suit various IT projects, facilitating the seamless integration between LT and PM.

Originality/value

The innovative conceptual model harmonizes LT with IT project management, offering a practical and forward-looking approach to amplify efficiency in projects.
Health behind bars: obesity and cardiometabolic risk according to different indicators in incarcerated men
Authors: Atan Ramazan Mert , Arslan Sedat , Tari Selçuk Kevser
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the obesity and cardiometabolic disease risks of incarcerated men and to determine the related factors.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was cross-sectional and 139 incarcerated men were included. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing the Descriptive Information Form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The incarcerated men’ body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated. The significance level of statistical tests was accepted as p < 0.05.

Findings

According to BMI, the rates of incarcerated men with overweight were 53.2% and with obesity were 13.7%. Their cardiometabolic disease risk according to waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio was 47.5%, 53.2% and 73.4%, respectively. The cardiometabolic disease risk was 2.66 times higher in the married and 3.71 times higher in those with senior high school or lower education according to waist circumference, and 4.16 times higher in those who were in the aged = 40 years according to the waist-to-hip ratio, 3.49 times higher in those who were in the aged = 40 years and 4.26 times higher in those with senior high school or lower education according to the waist-to-height ratio.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study in which obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic disease in incarcerated men was investigated in Türkiye. In the incarcerated individuals, there was an association between the increased cardiometabolic diseases risk and variables such as older age, being married and having senior high school or lower education.
Social media disclosure: maximizing versus satisficing effects on default preferences
Authors: Craciun Georgiana , Zhou Wenqi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

In light of increasing public concern over social media privacy breaches, this study aims to unveil the context-dependent and individual-specific nature of social media disclosure decisions. In particular, this paper aims to examine the disclosure choices of maximizers and satisficers in the presence of privacy setting defaults on social networking sites (SNSs).

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected through an online scenario-based experiment with 200 Mechanical Turk participants. The study uses a 2 (Privacy setting default: No Sharing [“Only Me”] vs. Public Sharing [“Everyone”]) × 2 (Decision mindset: maximizing vs. satisficing) between-subject design.

Findings

Analyzing responses using ordered logistic regression models, this paper found a general tendency toward default settings, with maximizers exhibiting a stronger default preference than satisficers. For instance, maximizers were eight times more likely, and satisficers were only three times more likely to choose “Everyone” in the presence of the “Everyone” (vs. “Only Me”) default when deciding who can post on their private page. The perceived level of privacy risk further shaped satisficers and maximizers’ preferences.

Originality/value

This study explores the impact of decision mindset on SNS privacy settings. It demonstrates that decision mindset moderates default preferences, revealing that maximizers show a higher default preference than satisficers. The research also highlights the interplay between default preferences and the compromise effect, contributing to the understanding of cognitive biases in privacy decisions. This paper offers insights for better privacy management and education strategies.
Unraveling the dynamics of supervisor-subordinate knowledge sharing: a study of South Korean police officers
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Dai Ye , Eslamdoust Sina , Lee Min-Sik
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of supervisor knowledge sharing on the task performance and the overall evaluation of employees in the context of supervisor-subordinate relationships, a prevalent yet underexplored mode of knowledge transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the social exchange perspective, we propose a framework integrating supervisors’ self-sacrificial leadership and employees’ supervisor-directed organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-S) as critical drivers of efficient knowledge transfer. By bridging micro- and macro-level organizational behavior, this study addresses a key research gap and provides a holistic understanding of factors that enhance knowledge transfer within organizations. To empirically test the hypotheses proposed in our study, we employed the PROCESS macro Model 7 to validate the moderated mediation model and conducted bootstrapping analyses to confirm the statistical significance of the predicted relationships.

Findings

This study offers insights into the micro-processes underlying interpersonal knowledge transfers within supervisor-subordinate relationships. It highlights the significance of self-sacrificial leadership and OCB-S in facilitating effective knowledge sharing, ultimately influencing the task performance and the overall evaluation of employees.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature on knowledge management by exploring the understudied area of knowledge sharing within supervisor-subordinate relationships. It provides a framework that integrates leadership and OCB as key factors influencing knowledge transfer efficiency. The findings offer practical implications for organizations seeking to optimize knowledge management practices, leadership development and performance appraisal processes.
Selectivity of invasive species suppression efforts influences control efficacy
Authors: Fadlovich Rae , Landom Kevin , Walsworth Timothy E.
Published: January 2025

Highly fecund invaders and size‐selective suppression efforts often limit the effectiveness of invasive species control programs, as compensatory processes can allow suppressed populations to recover. While population models have long explored how demographic characteristics impact management feasibility, there is a growing need to evaluate how the selectivity of suppression efforts might impact the long‐term feasibility of control.

We use a simulation framework that integrates age‐based selectivity to evaluate the effect of increasing the range of ages selected for during harvest‐based invasive species control. We applied this approach to common carp in Utah Lake, the location of one of the world's largest freshwater vertebrate species control programs, to assess how selectivity impacts the level of control effort necessary to achieve management targets.

Model simulations suggest that increasing the range of ages effectively targeted by removal gears has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of effort required to reach control targets. We found that increasing selectivity on younger, but mature, age classes allowed the control program to maintain the carp population below the 75% biomass reduction target with only 2.5 times the maximum historic effort level, while further increasing juvenile selectivity conferred minimal benefit.

Furthermore, we evaluated historic levels of harvest effort against both previously set management targets and theoretical sustainable harvest targets (MSY). The historic level of suppression effort was less than that required to produce MSY regardless of the selectivity scenario explored, suggesting the control program would be harvesting at a sustainable rate even if it increases the range of ages effectively targeted by removal gears.

Synthesis and applications. Controlling highly fecund invasive species becomes much more feasible if managers can identify an approach that targets all adult age classes. Explicitly considering sustainable harvest metrics provides a framework for evaluating a harvest control program's ability to overcome density‐dependent processes and achieve management objectives.
Seasonal shifts in plant diversity effects on above‐ground–below‐ground phenological synchrony
Authors: Bonato Asato Ana E. , Guimarães‐Steinicke Claudia , Stein Gideon , Schreck Berit , Kattenborn Teja , Ebeling Anne , Posch Stefan , Denzler Joachim , Büchner Tim , Shadaydeh Maha , Wirth Christian , Eisenhauer Nico , Hines Jes
Published: January 2025

The significance of biological diversity as a mechanism that optimizes niche breadth for resource acquisition and enhancing ecosystem functionality is well‐established. However, a significant gap remains in exploring temporal niche breadth, particularly in the context of phenological aspects of community dynamics. This study takes a unique approach by examining plant phenology, which has traditionally been focused on above‐ground assessments, and delving into the relatively unexplored realm of below‐ground processes. As a result, the influence of biological diversity on the synchronization of above‐ground and below‐ground dynamics is brought to the forefront, providing a novel perspective on this complex relationship.

In this study, community traits (including plant height and greenness) and soil processes (such as root growth and detritivore feeding activity) were meticulously monitored at 2‐week intervals over a year within an experimental grassland exhibiting a spectrum of plant diversity, ranging from monocultures to 60‐species mixtures.

Our findings revealed that plant diversity increased yearly plant height, root growth and detritivore feeding activity, while enhancing the synchrony between above‐ground traits and soil dynamics. Soil microclimate also played a role in shaping the phenology of these traits and processes. However, plant diversity and soil microclimate on above‐ground traits and soil dynamics effects varied considerably in strength and direction across seasons, indicating a nuanced relationship between biodiversity, climate and ecosystem processes.

Notably, observations during the growing season unveiled a sequential pattern wherein peak plant community height preceded the onset of greenness. Meanwhile, root production commenced immediately after leaf senescence and persisted throughout winter. Although consistent throughout the year, detritivore activity exhibited pronounced peaks in the summer and late fall, albeit with notable variability.

Synthesis. The study underscores the dynamic interplay between plant diversity, above‐ground–below‐ground phenological patterns and ecosystem functioning. It suggests that plant diversity modulates above‐ground–below‐ground interdependence through intricate phenological dynamics, with the degree of synchrony fluctuating in response to the varying combination of processes and seasonal changes. Thus, by providing comprehensive within‐year data, the research elucidates the fundamental disparities in phenological patterns across shoots, roots and soil fauna activities, thereby emphasizing the pivotal role of plant diversity in shaping ecosystem processes.
Unpacking trust repair in couples: A systematic literature review
Authors: Giacobbi Marco , Lalot Fanny
Published: January 2025

This systematic literature review aims to summarise the state of empirical research on processes of trust repair in intimate relationships, particularly post‐betrayal. It focusses on identifying factors that facilitate or hinder trust recovery. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, involving an extensive search of Web of Science and Scopus databases. We identified and reviewed thirteen relevant articles. The review shows that fidelity trust is the type of trust most extensively examined by researchers and probably the most crucial for romantic relationships. Across diverse contexts and frameworks, we highlight five key themes for trust repair: (1) proactive transparency, (2) active monitoring, (3) remorse and accountability, (4) shared activities and (5) clear communication of reasons for the betrayal. We also identify limitations in current research, particularly regarding sample sizes and methodology. These findings contribute to a better understanding of trust repair mechanisms in intimate relationships and propose directions for future research, emphasising the need for more robust quantitative studies and the development of tailored therapeutic interventions.
Renal colic: Streamlining investigations to improve patient outcomes in emergency medicine
Authors: Wren Joshua A , Lally Alison
Published: January 2025

Objective

In Australian EDs, patients experience long waits for imaging, particularly for presentations such as renal colic. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is the gold‐standard for renal stones, although ultrasonography is recommended for young patients and those susceptible to radiation, an approach supported by The Canberra Hospital (TCH) ED guidelines for renal colic. This audit aims to not only assess how well these guidelines are adhered to, but also to discuss possible methods of improving flow through ED and thus patient outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective audit was conducted using 100 attendances to TCH ED between the dates of 02/04/2022 and 15/06/2022 with the diagnosis of renal colic or calculus. Data were collected on biochemical and radiographic results and patient outcomes with the associations between these datasets statistically analysed.

Results

Blood tests demonstrating abnormal renal function, white cell count and C‐reactive protein (CRP) together with haematuria on urine analysis conferred high positive and negative predictive values (83.3% and 100%, respectively) for renal stones. Larger renal stones were associated with higher creatinine and CRP levels and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.0145, P = 0.0062 and P = 0.0022, respectively).

Conclusions

We propose that patients with significant clinical and biochemical features of renal stones could be referred to urology earlier to await CT as an inpatient and those without be referred to their general practitioner for outpatient imaging and medical management. This could improve flow through the department and improve patient outcomes through reduced waiting times and radiation burden.
Engaging the Earth Science and Engineering Communities in Developing A River Morphology Information System (RIMORPHIS)
Authors: Cox Amanda L. , Muste Marian , Merwade Venkatesh , Demir Ibrahim , Minear J. Toby , Dey Sayan , Liang Chung‐Yuan , Sermet Yusuf
Published: January 2025

River morphology data are critical for understanding and studying river processes and for managing rivers for multiple socio‐economic uses. While such data have been extensively acquired, several issues hinder their use such as data accessibility, various data formats, lack of data models for storage, and lack of processing tools to assemble data in products readily usable for research, management, and education. A multi‐university research team has prototyped a web‐based river morphology information system (RIMORPHIS) for hosting and creating new information (e.g., terrain and material composition data) and data processing tools for the broader earth science communities. The RIMORPHIS design principles include: (i) broad access via a publicly and freely available platform‐independent system; (ii) flexibility in handling existing and future data types; (iii) user‐friendly and interactive interfaces; and (iv) interoperability and scalability to ensure platform sustainability. Developing such an ambitious community resource is only possible and impactful by continuously engaging stakeholders from the project inception. This paper highlights the research team's strategy and activities to engage with river morphology data producers and potential users from academia, research, and practice. The paper also details outcomes of stakeholder engagement and illustrates how these interactions are positively shaping RIMORPHIS development and its path to long‐term sustainability.
Immunotherapeutic targeting of aging‐associated isoDGR motif in chronic lung inflammation
Authors: Kalailingam Pazhanichamy , Ngan SoFong Cam , Iyappan Ranjith , Nehchiri Afra , Mohd‐Kahliab Khalilatul‐Hanisah , Lee Benjamin Sian Teck , Sharma Bhargy , Machan Radek , Bo Sint Thida , Chambers Emma S. , Fajardo Val A. , Macpherson Rebecca E. K. , Liu Jian , Klentrou Panagiota , Tsiani Evangelia Litsa , Lim Kah Leong , Su I. Hsin , Gao Yong‐Gui , Richar A. Mark , Kalaria Raj N. , Chen Christopher P. , Balion Cynthia , de Kleijn Dominique , McCarthy Neil E. , Sze Siu Kwan
Published: January 2025

Accumulation of damaged biomolecules in body tissues is the primary cause of aging and age‐related chronic diseases. Since this damage often occurs spontaneously, it has traditionally been regarded as untreatable, with typical therapeutic strategies targeting genes or enzymes being ineffective in this domain. In this report, we demonstrate that an antibody targeting the isoDGR damage motif in lung tissue can guide immune clearance of harmful damaged proteins in vivo, effectively reducing age‐linked lung inflammation. We observed age‐dependent accumulation of the isoDGR motif in human lung tissues, as well as an 8‐fold increase in isoDGR‐damaged proteins in lung fibrotic tissues compared with healthy tissue. This increase was accompanied by marked infiltration of CD68+/CD11b + macrophages, consistent with a role for isoDGR in promoting chronic inflammation. We therefore assessed isoDGR function in mice that were either naturally aged or lacked the isoDGR repair enzyme. IsoDGR‐protein accumulation in mouse lung tissue was strongly correlated with chronic inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hypoxemia. This accumulation also induced mitochondrial and ribosomal dysfunction, in addition to features of cellular senescence, thereby contributing to progressive lung damage over time. Importantly, treatment with anti‐isoDGR antibody was able to reduce these molecular features of disease and significantly reduced lung pathology in vivo.
Recovery and Recurrence From Major Depression in Adolescence and Adulthood
Authors: Desai Boström Adrian E. , Cars Thomas , Hellner Clara , Lundberg Johan
Published: January 2025

Objective

The study aimed to estimate 5‐year recurrence rates of first‐episode major depressive disorder (MDD) and assess the impact of adolescence on recurrence likelihood after the first episode, compared to adults.

Methods

A pre‐registered retrospective cohort study that utilized epidemiological data from the Stockholm MDD Cohort (1997–2018), including all individuals registered with a depression diagnosis in Region Stockholm from 2010 to 2018. This dataset combines longitudinal information from primary and secondary care, socioeconomic data, drug dispensations, psychotherapy sessions, brain stimulation treatments, and inpatient treatment. The study included 9124 individuals (1727 adolescents aged 13–17 and 7397 adults aged 18–40) who experienced their first MDD episode between 2011 and 2012, with at least three months of remission. Propensity score weighting balanced cohorts for biological sex, socioeconomic status, depression severity, psychiatric comorbidities, and treatments.

Results

The 5‐year recurrence rates were 46.1% for adolescents and 49.0% for adults. The study had over 80% power to detect a minimum absolute difference in recurrence rates of approximately 5.5 percentage points. No significant difference in recurrence likelihood (p = 0.364) or time from remission to recurrence (median 379 days for adolescents, 326 days for adults, p = 0.836) was found between groups. Findings were consistent across bootstrap replicates and sensitivity analyses with extended remission periods.

Conclusions

Approximately half of individuals with a first MDD episode experience recurrence within five years. Recurrence rates were higher than expected for adults but consistent with expectations for adolescents. The study underscores the need for relapse prevention from adolescence through adulthood and indicates a similar clinical course of MDD across age groups.
Safety and cost of selective histopathological analysis for detecting cancer in surgical specimens: a systematic review
Authors: Camilos Angelique N. , Bowley Schubert Leo C. , Castro Marcela P. , Nann Silas D. , Edwards Suzanne , Stretton Brandon , Gupta Aashray K. , Kovoor Joshua G. , Marshall‐Webb Matthew , Maddern Guy J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Due to limited healthcare resources, there is global incentive to maximize efficacy while minimizing patient harm. Given the low rate of cancer diagnoses made via routine histopathological analysis of surgical specimens, a selective approach has been proposed as a viable alternative. This systematic review aimed to evaluate effectiveness of cancer detection and costs with a selective approach.

Methodology

This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022346535) and conducted according to PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from earliest result (1973) to 30 July 2022 for studies evaluating selective histopathology for surgical specimens. Screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were completed in duplicate. Statistical analysis used a random effects model.

Results

Searches identified 4194 records, with 11 studies included consisting of 26 126 patients. Eight studies analysed patients who underwent cholecystectomy while three analysed patients who underwent appendectomy, vertical laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and neurectomy. In total, 295 neoplasms were detected: 196 malignant, 99 benign. Overall mean proportion of malignant neoplasms is 0.01 (95% confidence interval 0.00, 0.01). Weighted mean projected cost savings were calculated in varying formats, ranging from 6891 Euros per year within one hospital, 712 748 Euros per 10 000 patients, to 875 077 Euros per year within one country.

Conclusion

A selective approach is not associated with a significant proportion of missed cancer diagnoses, and provides considerable cost savings, particularly demonstrated for cholecystectomy samples. Further discussion is required regarding how surgeons will be protected medicolegally without the safety net of routine analysis.
Management of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease According to Principles of Wound Repair
Authors: McCurdy Jeffrey D. , Hartley Imogen , Behrenbruch Corina , Hart Ailsa , Tozer Phil , Ding Nik S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD) is a challenging and debilitating phenotype of Crohn's disease that can negatively affect quality of life. Studies have begun to uncover the physiologic mechanisms involved in wound repair as it relates to PFCD and how aberrations in these mechanisms may contribute to fistula persistence.

Aims

To review the physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of wound repair in PFCD and how specific therapeutic strategies may impact their outcomes.

Methods

We reviewed the latest published literature on wound repair as it relates to PFCD.

Results

Wound repair can be categorised into three overlapping biological phases: localised inflammation, cell recruitment/proliferation and tissue remodelling. Each is tightly regulated since insufficient or excessive activation can result in, respectively, chronic wounds and fibrotic tissue, both of which can impair organ function. In PFCD, the outcomes of wound repair include restitution (complete healing), epithelialisation and chronic wounds. Treatment of PFCD should take into consideration the distinct phases of wound repair. Therefore, the ability to differentiate between each phase of wound repair and their outcomes may help physicians deliver the most effective treatment strategy at the most appropriate time.

Conclusions

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the phases of wound repair and specific treatment strategies for each to provide clinicians with a rational framework for managing PFCD.
A Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES‐CD) ≥ 7 Predicts Disease Progression
Authors: Peraza Jellyana , Kaper Marco Emilio , Bargas Andre , Kim Iris , Agrawal Manasi , Larsen Lone , Jacobsen Henrik Albaek , Jess Tine , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Torres Joana , Ungaro Ryan C. , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N.
Published: January 2025

Background

Up to 30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) will experience a mild disease course. However, there is no consensus definition for mild CD.

Aim

To examine the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES‐CD) thresholds best associated with low likelihood of long‐term disease progression.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study at three tertiary care centres in United States and Europe. We analysed data from 177 surgery‐naïve patients with CD who had endoscopic assessment while not on immunosuppressive therapy. The primary outcome was disease progression (systemic steroids, biologic or immunomodulator therapy initiation; new stricturing or penetrating complications; or CD‐related hospitalisation or surgery). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modelling identified predictors of the primary outcome at 2 and 5 years following endoscopy.

Results

Disease progression occurred in 23% and 35% of patients at years two and five, respectively. Endoscopic severity at enrolment independently predicted disease progression. Compared to those with an SES‐CD of 0, an SES‐CD ≥ 7 had a greater risk of progression at 2 years (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.09–5.72) and 5 years (HR 2.89, 95% CI 1.41–5.91). SES‐CD > 7 remained independently predictive of disease progression among the 129 immunosuppression‐naïve patients (HR 5.65, 95% CI 1.49–21.52) and after excluding patients with prior penetrating disease (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.00–5.45).

Conclusions

SES‐CD ≥ 7 predicts disease progression in mild CD. A score ≤ 6 may help identify patients less likely to progress and be part of the definition of mild CD.
Management strategies for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia harbouring complex karyotype
Authors: Serafin Andrea , Ruocco Valeria , Cellini Alessandro , Angotzi Francesco , Bonaldi Laura , Trentin Livio , Visentin Andrea
Published: January 2025

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of mature lymphocytes. A subset of CLL patients harbouring complex karyotype (CK) presents with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This review aims to discuss the current understanding of such patient subset, including its molecular landscape, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities and emerging therapies. Furthermore, it outlines strategies for personalised management to improve clinical outcomes in this challenging patient population.
A qualitative exploration of the prospective acceptability of the MiDerm app; a complex digital intervention for adults living with skin conditions
Authors: Hewitt Rachael M. , Dale Carys , Purcell Catherine , Pattinson Rachael , Bundy Chris
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Skin conditions carry a substantial psychological burden but support for patients is limited. Digital technology could support patient self‐management; we found preliminary evidence for the effectiveness and acceptability of digital psychological interventions for adults living with skin conditions. We have, therefore, developed a complex digital intervention called MiDerm with patients. This qualitative study explored the prospective acceptability of the complex intervention delivered via a smartphone application (app), and possible barriers and facilitators to use.

Design

Qualitative research involving a hybrid inductive‐deductive approach. Data collection and analysis were theoretically informed by The Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation, Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation ‐ Behaviour Model.

Methods

Eight synchronous online group interviews with 43 English‐speaking adults (≥ 18 years) with skin conditions. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Results

Three superordinate themes were generated: (1) Patients' attitudes and concerns about the MiDerm app; (2) Need for personal competence, autonomy and relatedness for effective self‐management; and (3) Physical, psychological and social barriers to app use.

Conclusion

Adults with skin conditions, mainly those with vitiligo and psoriasis living in the UK, expressed the need for support to self‐manage the psychological aspects of their condition(s). The idea of a new intervention comprised of informational, emotional, behavioural and peer support, delivered via a smartphone app was welcomed and may be especially beneficial for specific patients. Identified barriers must be addressed to maximize engagement and giving users choice, flexibility and control is imperative to this. We have since developed the MiDerm app using these findings.
Serpentinite–Sediment Associations: Provenance Controlled by Competing Extensional–Contractional Tectonic Processes During the Evolution of the Northern Apennines (Eastern Elba Island, Tuscany)
Authors: Jacobs Joachim , Rocchi Sergio , Bach Wolfgang , Masotta Matteo , Rydland Pedersen Leif‐Erik
Published: January 2025

Orogenic wedges juxtapose tectonic units that originated far from each other, and tracing these back to their origin is often difficult. We have studied two contrasting serpentinite–sediment associations of the Alpine‐Apennine orogenic wedge of eastern Elba Island with the help of a detrital zircon study of the sediments and a geochemical comparison of the relic phases of their associated serpentinites. We demonstrate that these very likely originated in different branches of the Ligurian Ocean and in contrasting tectonic settings, one during opening of Alpine Tethys and the other during Apenninic contraction‐exhumation. First, the Early Cretaceous Palombini shales are associated with abyssal ocean floor serpentinite–ophicalcites of a Ligurian ophiolite (LO) that originated in the western branch of the Ligurian Ocean during ultraslow spreading. They have an Adria/African zircon provenance, indicating proximity to Adria rather than Corsica‐Europe and the associated serpentinites are highly depleted and relatively little deformed. The second sediment–serpentinite association has a tectonised serpentinite band in contact with highly deformed, Miocene blueschist facies metasediments. Detrital zircons of these metasediments (Acquadolce (AD) and Pseudomacigno) record major Eocene–Oligocene U–Pb zircon age peaks, with an igneous provenance in the western and central Alps respectively. An age peak at ca. 38 Ma links the Pseudomacigno sediments to calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks of the central Adamello massif, whilst an Oligocene age peak at ca. 32 Ma indicates western Alpine sources for the AD Unit. The associated massive, highly tectonised AD serpentinite represents most likely a mantle sliver of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which together with Oligocene blueschist facies rocks underwent synorogenic Apenninic tectonic extrusion during W‐directed subduction–rollback of the eastern branch of the Ligurian Ocean.
Delivering Results for Canadians: Improving the Contributions of Enabling Functions
Authors: Shepherd Robert P. , Champagne Eric
Published: January 2025

Implementing a results‐oriented management system has been a long‐term goal and a challenge for federal public sector organizations in Canada. This article highlights the efforts by the Government of Canada to improve performance measurement, evaluation, and audit (PMEA) functions over time. The article traces administrative reforms since 2000, highlighting the shift from inputs and outputs towards a results‐focused environment aimed at achieving outcomes. However, even after many reforms and goodwill, there remain gaps among the senior policymakers regarding the meaning of “results for Canadians.” The article points out that siloed approaches by function have led to isolated practices and inefficiencies in data sharing and reporting for effectively supporting decision‐making. Although individual functions have improved, implementing a comprehensive results‐focused management architecture continues to pose a significant challenge. The article proposes steps to enhance the effectiveness of PMEA functions, emphasizing the need to integrate functions to enhance public services, decision‐making, and institutional learning.
Comprehensive Genome Profiling‐Initiated Tumor‐Informed Circulating Tumor DNA Monitoring for Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Sasaki Taiga , Hiraki Hayato , Yashima‐Abo Akiko , Nagashima Hiromi , Endo Fumitaka , Yaegashi Mizunori , Miura Shimpei , Obata Keiko , Yanagawa Naoki , Itamochi Hiroaki , Shirota Hidekazu , Iwaya Takeshi , Nishizuka Satoshi S.
Published: January 2025

In Japan, comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) as a companion diagnostic (CDx) has been covered by public insurance since June 2019, but the proportion of patients with cancer who actually received drug therapy based on CGP data is low. In the present study, we attempted to use CGP as a starting point for tumor‐informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring. We retrospectively validated 219 patients with malignant tumors who underwent CGP at Iwate Medical University Hospital between October 2019 and April 2023 in terms of patient demographics, genetic analysis, drug recommendations, and drug administration rate. The 219 cancer cases analyzed by CGP for 27 target organs, including prostate (n = 27, 12.3%), colorectal (n = 25, 11.4%), lung (n = 19, 8.7%), and other neoplasms (n = 148, 67.6%). Among the cohort, only 14 cases (6.4%) subsequently were able to undertake the recommended action by Molecular Tumor Board. Of patients who underwent ctDNA monitoring based on somatic mutations identified by CGP (n = 11), clinical validity was confirmed in terms of early relapse prediction (n = 5, 45.5%), treatment response evaluation (n = 10, 90.9%), and no relapse/regrowth corroboration (n = 2, 18.2%) whereas 90.9% (n = 10) of patients obtained information with at least one source of the clinical validity. Although the current rate of CGP contributing to a drug recommendation is low, CGP results can be an alternate resource for tumor‐informed longitudinal ctDNA monitoring to provide information concerning early relapse prediction, treatment response evaluation, and no relapse/regrowth corroboration.