bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevos modos, medios y formatos para la edición de Arquitectura. La experiencia SOBRElab
Authors: Arredondo-Garrido David , Campillo-García Domingo , Mancilla-Abril Marisa , Collados-Alcaide Antonio
Published: September 2019

La reformulación del universo de la difusión cultural, ocasionado en las últimas décadas por las nuevas tecnologías de la información, está llevando a los productores culturales, incluyendo a los relacionados con Arte y Arquitectura, a proponer nuevas estrategias para editar y difundir sus propuestas. Apoyándose en los nuevos medios, los sistemas de edición se han vuelto más autónomos, han socializado el contacto con la producción cultural y han recuperado formatos, generando alternativas que invitan a la participación y a la hibridación de lenguajes. Este artículo propone mostrar la experiencia desarrollada en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y en la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Granada (España) por el grupo de trabajo SOBRElab. Un proyecto centrado en la reflexión crítica en torno a los nuevos modos de difusión de la cultura, proponiendo como marco de investigación el actual panorama editorial independiente español. Se recoge inicialmente una reflexión teórica que enmarca el campo de trabajo, para posteriormente recoger una selección de agentes editoriales centrados en la Arquitectura y analizar la situación de su actividad. Un enfoque que pretender buscar los medios para aumentar el impacto de la producción, investigación y difusión de estos agentes culturales alternativos.
Tides of Endurance: Indigenous Peace Traditions of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Devere Heather , Te Maihāroa Kelli , Solomon Maui , Wharehoka Maata
Published: September 2019

This article uses the concept of Ngā Tai Matatū (Tides of Māori Endurance) developed by Mason Durie, a leading Māori scholar, to consider three indigenous communities of Aotearoa New Zealand that have demonstrated endurance and resilience in maintaining their unique peace traditions in the face of opposition from both Western and Māori cultures of violence. The Moriori of Rēkohu off the New Zealand coast (known as the Chatham Islands in English and Wharekauri in Māori) have a peace tradition that dates back more than six hundred years. The Waitaha people of New Zealand's South Island (Te Wāi Pounamu) had no weapons of war recorded in the their historical memory nor among their ancient artefacts. The Parihaka community in the Taranaki region in the North Island Te Ika o Maui was established in the nineteenth century explicitly around nonviolent principles. All three peace traditions are currently being resurrected by descendants of the original peacemakers.
Building on the Definition of Social and Emotional Wellbeing: An Indigenous (Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand) Viewpoint
Authors: Sutherland Stewart , Adams Michael
Published: September 2019

This article will build on the definition of social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) used within an Indigenous health framework. We intend to distance it from its current discipline of mental health, the Eurocentric term commonly used in social science literature. This is to emphasize that, within Aboriginal (Rudder and Grant, 2005) and Torres Strait Islander, Maori, and First Nations (Canadian) languages, there is no specific word for “health.” Indigenous peoples from within these countries have a holistic view of health that encompasses the physical, mental, emotional, and environmental spectrum of wellbeing. This article therefore uses “social and emotional wellbeing” rather than the generic Eurocentric terms of “health” or “mental health” to give this a stronger Indigenous voice. The elements of social and emotional wellbeing are discussed from an Indigenous viewpoint and from extracts compiled in work undertaken by Sutherland (2017). The elements explored may offer new perspectives to others. Similarly, this article offers an explanation as to why elements are siloed within the context of mental and physical health. This has led to some parts of SEWB gaining advantages over others within policy and funding models.
ANÁLISE CRÍTICA ACERCA DA EXPERIÊNCIA RELIGIOSA DOS HAITIANOS NA REGIÃO DE LONDRINA/PR.
Authors: Lemes João Ricardo , Bettiol Lanza Líria Maria
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender a expressão política a partir da experiência religiosa dos imigrantes haitianos na região de Londrina/PR, no contexto dos atuais fluxos migratórios. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo lançamos mão da análise de duas entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com haitianos residentes na região. A opção teoria consiste no arcabouço crítico, fundamentado no materialismo histórico dialético, que compreende o movimento da história na base das determinações sociais e das contradições desse movimento. Enquanto resultados preliminares apontamos que, de modo particular, a experiência dos imigrantes haitianos na região revela uma contradição: de um lado os haitianos expressam o apego histórico político da revolução haitiana de 1804, de outro o exercício religioso alimenta a noção de conformismo, desempenhando quase que completa a desconstrução de sujeitos políticos.
DURKHEIM E WEBER: UMA PERSPECTIVA INTRODUTÓRIA ACERCA DA RELIGIÃO
Authors: Cardoso Kaique , Rodrigues Donizete
Published: September 2019

A religião é um processo dinâmico, sofrendo mudanças constantes, para atender as novas exigências individuais e coletivas, no contexto das sociedades modernas, marcadas pela forte competitividade de um mundo globalizado de bens simbólicos-religiosos e práticas do sagrado (Bourdieu). Buscaremos neste texto discutir algumas concepções primordiais de Max Weber e Émile Durkheim a respeito da religião, enquanto subsistema de práticas econômicas, culturais ou causais que influenciam de algum modo o tecido social. Estes autores clássicos são ainda imprescindíveis no estudo de problemáticas religiosas atuais, evidenciando, desta forma, o caráter atemporal das suas obras. Ao expor, mesmo que brevemente, estas duas vertentes de compreensão do fenómeno religioso, pretendemos dar uma contribuição para a discussão sociológica do papel das religiões no atual contexto contemporâneo.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE ENSINO RELIGIOSO NA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Da Silva Alfredo Moreira , Gabriel Fábio Antonio
Published: September 2019

RESUMO: Neste artigo, pretende-se expor a experiência formativa de professores de ensino religioso no contexto da primeira turma do Programa Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (PARFOR) na Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP). A revisão de literatura na área de formação de professores de ensino religioso aponta no sentido de uma preocupação muito acentuada com a formação continuada desses docentes e pouca preocupação com a formação inicial em licenciaturas de Ciências da Religião. Defende-se, assim, a importância de que os docentes de ensino religioso se formem em cursos de licenciatura específica. A metodologia da pesquisa norteou-se pela aplicação de questionário para os formados nessa primeira turma na UENP. Os resultados evidenciam um impacto não apenas epistemológico na concepção do ensino religioso após a formação em Ciências da Religião, como também uma mudança de visão didática sobre o que constitui a identidade de ser professor de ensino religioso.
Physical Activity Level and Energy Expenditure of Clinical
Physiotherapists and Physiotherapy Educators in Selected Tertiary
Health and Educational Institutions in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Fabunmi AYODEJI A.
Published: September 2019

Background: Physiotherapists are trained in the use of physical activity for health promotion, and therefore are expected to be physically active themselves.
Aim of the Study: This study determined the physical activity level and energy expenditure of clinical physiotherapists and physiotherapy educators.
Materials and Methods: The research design is cross-sectional survey. Sixty participants were selected using the consecutive sampling technique. A pedometer (Omron) was used to measure the number of steps taken by the participants, the distance covered, and the overall energy expenditure. The number of steps was used to classify the participants’ physical activity levels. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and frequency, percentages and chi-square inferential statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation, independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. The alpha level was set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age and BMI of all participants were 36.81±7.86 years and 26.16±4.46kg/m2 respectively. The average number of steps taken per day was 8002±3411 and the mean energy expenditure was 248.26±182.92kcal. This study revealed that 21.3% of the participants were sedentary, 27.7% were ‘low active’, 27.7% were moderately active, 10.6% were active and 12.8% were highly active. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient showed a significant negative relationship between the number of steps and age (r = -0.292 p= 0.047) and a significant positive relationship between the number of steps and energy expenditure (r = 0.325; p = 0.026), respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between the number of steps, the energy expenditure and the age of the participants. There was no significant difference in the number of steps per day, PAL and energy expenditure between clinical physiotherapists and physiotherapy educators.
Conclusion: Physiotherapists should improve their physical activity levels, as most of them (76.7%) were classified in the low activity level category.
A Fruitful Crisis of Belief
Authors: Pietropaoli Matthew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2019

The philosopher Hans Jonas penned several essays illustrating how modern thought represents a revolutionary overturning of previously held religious beliefs. The new paradigms of thought toppled prior worldviews of Christianity. Thus, modernity represents a crisis for religious belief. Yet, Jonas contends that modern thought may paradoxically provide the occasion for a deeper encounter with God. This paper will examine Jonas’s discussions on both the challenge and opportunity which modern thought presents to Christianity. First, I will address Jonas’s understanding of how modern science transformed the Christian, God-centered view of the universe, showing, instead, a world following from impersonal laws. Second, I look briefly at Jonas’s understanding of how Rudolph Bultmann responded to this crisis by attempting to “de-mythologize” belief. Third, I will show how Jonas argues that the challenge of modern science to Christian cosmology allows the believer the opportunity for a closer connection to God, moving beyond beliefs and into relationship.
O transporte de carbono orgânico dissolvido e nutrientes nitrogenados no canal principal do Rio Amazonas, no Estreito de Óbidos
Authors: Sampaio Irene Cibelle Gonçalves , Moura Jose Mauro Sousa , Holmes Robert Max , Peucker-Ehrenbrink Bernhard , Spencer Robert G. M. , Mitsuya Miyuki , Suslova Anya , Ferreira Rardiles Branches , Magalhães Alan Silva , Muniz Rafael Corrêa
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho foi realizado no Rio Amazonas, no Estreito de Óbidos, de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente com o objetivo de investigar as variações sazonais e interanuais do transporte de carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), do nitrogênio total dissolvido (NDT), do nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido (DON), do nitrato (NO3) e do amônio (NH4) no rio. Observou-se que as fases hidrográficas têm uma influência importante sobre o transporte dos constituintes dissolvidos na água. Na fase de cheia, o carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), o nitrogênio total dissolvido (NDT) e o nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido (DON) aumentaram significativamente seu transporte (sendo em média respectivamente 0.096, 0.006 e 0.004  Tg.dia-1), em comparação com a fase de seca (0.036, 0.003 e 0.001 Tg.dia-1, respectivamente). Apenas o nitrato (NO3) não teve seu transporte significativamente alterado ao longo das fases da hidrógrafa (0.003 Tg.dia-1). O transporte média de NH4 foi de 0.0003 ± 0.0001 Tg.dia-1 e as diferenças no transporte foram serem negligenciadas. Os resultados encontrados no presente trabalho aproximam-se dos valores encontrados na literatura para o Rio Amazonas. Estes resultados demonstram que mudanças de cobertura e uso do solo ainda não podem ser observadas em larga escala na no Estreito de Óbidos. Somente um monitoramento contínuo e ininterrupto é capaz de fazer uma avaliação robusta do efeito de eventos climáticos extremos, possíveis mudanças futuras no clima, assim como mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo. Frente a crescentes mudanças na Bacia Amazônica, estudos com frequência temporal e ampla distribuição espacial fazem-se necessários.
Mapa de danos para edifícios históricos com manifestações patológicas: estudo de caso da Catedral Nossa Senhora das Mercês em Porto Nacional (TO)
Authors: Santos Caroline Araujo dos
Published: September 2019

A elaboração de um mapa de danos, principalmente em edifícios históricos, serve como ferramenta que auxilia na preservação e conservação do mesmo. A partir de pesquisa documental, inspeções e depoimentos, foi elaborado um mapa de danos como ferramenta de identificar as patologias encontradas, possibilitando medidas de profilaxia. O fato de a igreja ser tombada pelo IPHAN (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional), dificultou a realização de ensaios mais complexos. O estudo mais aprofundado das técnicas construtivas e dos materiais utilizados na época na região foi essencial para um diagnóstico mais preciso. Logo, a ausência de uma norma que padroniza a realização de mapa de danos de construções históricas se fez necessário, uma vez que se teve que utilizar o uso do senso como princípio da realização deste artigo.
Modelagem numérica de lavra de mina: estudo de caso
Authors: Oliveira Neto Luiz Carlos Nolêto de , Miranda Talita Caroline
Published: September 2019

O uso dos recursos minerais está cada vez maior, e com isto, vem aumentando a necessidade de otimização dos processos de extração, isso para que se possa extrair o máximo possível de uma mina sem que se tenha desperdício de material, máquinas e até mesmo de minério, por exemplo, presente em pilares superdimensionados. Neste contexto, durante a concepção de como se irá efetuar uma lavra de uma mina, sendo o local ou o tipo de mineral de interesse, deve-se levar em consideração o método de extração, a forma da cava e as características mecânicas do maciço rochoso, isto ditará o formato de exploração e a configuração final da mina. Portanto, é imprescindível optar pelo método de análise que contemple uma vasta gama dos parâmetros do solo/rocha existentes na mina. O objetivo deste trabalho é a análise da estabilidade durante o processo de escavação da mina, através da análise de uma escavação da mina por modelagem numérica pelo método de elementos finitos. Para tal, adotou-se um modelo do maciço rochoso e estimou-se os parâmetros geomecânicos do maciço com base em dados da literatura. Porém, para ampliar os resultados foi adicionado outro modelo onde se ignora as fraturas do quartzito, para a avaliação da influência das mesmas no maciço.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP: AN INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS FROM CAPABILITY APPROACH
Authors: DELAHOZ ROSALES BLADIMIR , CAMACHO BALLESTA JOSE ANTONIO , TAMAYO TORRES IGNACIO
Published: September 2019

From the perspective of the human development paradigm, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) emphasizes the importance of supporting entrepreneurial activities as a mechanism for people to improve their living conditions and get to do and be what they really want. However, although public policies to support entrepreneurship are within the framework of the human development paradigm, there is a lack of studies to facilitate understanding of how and through what factors entrepreneurship can be encouraged, as an activity that favors people to lead the life they really want.
Evolutionary pathways to antibiotic resistance are dependent upon environmental structure and bacterial lifestyle
Authors: Santos-Lopez Alfonso , Marshall Christopher W , Scribner Michelle R , Snyder Daniel J , Cooper Vaughn S
Published: September 2019

Bacterial populations vary in their stress tolerance and population structure depending upon whether growth occurs in well-mixed or structured environments. We hypothesized that evolution in biofilms would generate greater genetic diversity than well-mixed environments and lead to different pathways of antibiotic resistance. We used experimental evolution and whole genome sequencing to test how the biofilm lifestyle influenced the rate, genetic mechanisms, and pleiotropic effects of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Acinetobacter baumannii populations. Both evolutionary dynamics and the identities of mutations differed between lifestyle. Planktonic populations experienced selective sweeps of mutations including the primary topoisomerase drug targets, whereas biofilm-adapted populations acquired mutations in regulators of efflux pumps. An overall trade-off between fitness and resistance level emerged, wherein biofilm-adapted clones were less resistant than planktonic but more fit in the absence of drug. However, biofilm populations developed collateral sensitivity to cephalosporins, demonstrating the clinical relevance of lifestyle on the evolution of resistance.
Proteostasis collapse, a hallmark of aging, hinders the chaperone-Start network and arrests cells in G1
Authors: Moreno David F , Jenkins Kirsten , Morlot Sandrine , Charvin Gilles , Csikasz-Nagy Attila , Aldea Martí
Published: September 2019

Loss of proteostasis and cellular senescence are key hallmarks of aging, but direct cause-effect relationships are not well understood. We show that most yeast cells arrest in G1 before death with low nuclear levels of Cln3, a key G1 cyclin extremely sensitive to chaperone status. Chaperone availability is seriously compromised in aged cells, and the G1 arrest coincides with massive aggregation of a metastable chaperone-activity reporter. Moreover, G1-cyclin overexpression increases lifespan in a chaperone-dependent manner. As a key prediction of a model integrating autocatalytic protein aggregation and a minimal Start network, enforced protein aggregation causes a severe reduction in lifespan, an effect that is greatly alleviated by increased expression of specific chaperones or cyclin Cln3. Overall, our data show that proteostasis breakdown, by compromising chaperone activity and G1-cyclin function, causes an irreversible arrest in G1, configuring a molecular pathway postulating proteostasis decay as a key contributing effector of cell senescence.
Overcoming chromatin barriers
Authors: de Jong Babette E , van Noort John
Published: September 2019

Single-molecule experiments reveal the dynamics of transcription through a nucleosome with single-base-pair accuracy.
Notes on vocalizations of Brazilian amphibians IV: advertisement calls of 20 Atlantic Forest frog species
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , Haddad Célio Fernando Baptista , Leite Felipe , Drummond Leandro de Oliveira , de Assis Clodoaldo , Crivellari Lucas Batista , Mello Caio Marinho , Garcia Paulo Christiano Anchietta , Zornosa-Torres Camila , Toledo Luís Felipe
Published: September 2019

Bioacoustics is a powerful tool used for anuran species diagnoses, given that advertisement calls are signals related to specific recognition and mate attraction. Thus, call descriptions can support species taxonomy. In spite of that, call descriptions are lacking for many species, delaying advances in biodiversity research. Here, we describe the advertisement calls of 20 anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We accessed 50 digital recordings deposited in the Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard. Acoustic analyses were carried out in the software Raven pro 1.5. We provide a general comparison of call structure among species inside taxonomic groups and genera. The vocalizations described here belong to poorly known species, which are representatives of six families: Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Hylidae, and Phyllomedusidae. Despite this, still there are 163 species of anurans from Atlantic Forest with calls not formally described. Our work represents an important step in providing data for a taxonomic perspective and improving the knowledge of the Atlantic Forest anuran diversity.
Analysis of small RNA changes in different Brassica napus synthetic allopolyploids
Authors: Wei Yunxiao , Li Fei , Zhang Shujiang , Zhang Shifan , Zhang Hui , Sun Rifei
Published: September 2019

Allopolyploidy is an evolutionary and mechanisticaly intriguing process involving the reconciliation of two or more sets of diverged genomes and regulatory interactions, resulting in new phenotypes. In this study, we explored the small RNA changes of eight F2 synthetic B. napus using small RNA sequencing. We found that a part of miRNAs and siRNAs were non-additively expressed in the synthesized B. napus allotetraploid. Differentially expressed miRNAs and siRNAs differed among eight F2 individuals, and the differential expression of miR159 and miR172 was consistent with that of flowering time trait. The GO enrichment analysis of differential expression miRNA target genes found that most of them were concentrated in ATP-related pathways, which might be a potential regulatory process contributing to heterosis. In addition, the number of siRNAs present in the offspring was significantly higher than that of the parent, and the number of high parents was significantly higher than the number of low parents. The results have shown that the differential expression of miRNA lays the foundation for explaining the trait separation phenomenon, and the significant increase of siRNA alleviates the shock of the newly synthesized allopolyploidy. It provides a new perspective between small RNA changes and trait separation in the early stages of allopolyploid polyploid formation.
Information Systems for Early Supplier Involvement in Brazilian Automotive Supply Chains
Authors: Camargo Junior João Batista de , Silva Paulo Marcelo Caetano da , Argoud Ana Rita Tiradentes Terra , Antoniolli Pedro Domingos , Pires Silvio Roberto Ignácio
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to identify whether in an automotive industry context with structural, technological and regulatory problems, information systems help the new product development (NPD) process to achieve development time reduction, cost reduction and product quality improvement due to an easier and more accurate data exchange or only because they allow faster information sharing among chain members. The research was developed using a qualitative and descriptive methodology and adopted as focal company a Brazilian auto parts company in order to evaluate its relationships with three suppliers and its three largest customers, composing three different supply chains (SCs). Results suggest that information systems have been widely used as tools for collaboration among the SC members, with expressive gains in competitiveness because it makes data exchange faster. Nevertheless, significant shortcomings still exist, especially regarding system integration and the consequent integration level among SC members.
The Academic Master’s Program in Management: is it relevant to professional practice?
Authors: Meyer Jr. Victor , Bueno Priscilla Veiga
Published: September 2019

This is an analysis of the relevance of an academic Master’s Program in Management to professional practice from the viewpoint of graduates and professors. The study was guided by three perspectives: “academic”, “social” and “institutional”. It is a descriptive study, focusing on the case of an academic program offered by a Brazilian private university. In the academic dimension, the analysis revealed its emphasis on traditional teaching methods in relation to professional and vocational aspects. A weak social identity and the inexistence of exchanges of experiences and no perception of a common technical language were highlighted in the social dimension. The prestige of the university more than the program was the main factor that influenced institutional attractiveness, albeit with no benefits of employability. The conclusions show a need to reevaluate the current content and teaching methods to integrate the degree better into management and professional practice to bridge these gaps. This article contributes to the field by identifying critical points of the degree program that require a better alignment of capability, knowledge and resources with the expectations and demands of the productive sector and society. Studies in this field in Brazil are scarce and there is little empirical evidence of the influence of management education on professional activities and organizational management.
Phytochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on Salmonella Species
Authors: Jodi S. M. , Farouq A. A. , Magashi A. M. , Muomora G. D. , Nata’ala M. K. , Gambo A. , Umar S. , Baki A. S. , Muhammad A. , Jodi A. M. , Ruwa A. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is commonly used as food and health purposes. This study is aimed at evaluating the bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of leaf extract of O. gratissimum against Salmonella species.

Methodology: The Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum was conducted using standard methods. Screening for antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts against Salmonella species was determined using agar well diffusion method. An in-vivo toxicity study was carried out with albino rats.

Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, glycosides, alkaloid, volatile oils and steroids. A zone of inhibition of 14mm was recorded against the organisms using ethanolic extract with a concentration of 100 mg/ml and the lowest was recorded against Salmonella paratyphi with the concentration of 25 mg/ml of the ethanolic extract. Zone of inhibition of 9.00 mm and 10.0mm was recorded against S. typhi and S. paratyphi on a concentration of 100 mg/ml of the aqueous extract. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf was recorded. After the toxicity test, no death was recorded after 2 (two) weeks.

Conclusion: The leaf extract of O. gratissimum shows promising potentials in the treatment of infectious diseases associated with Salmonlla typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, due to its antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. However, further studies are needed to non-polar solvents to isolate other bioactive compounds as well as identify the active metabolites responsible for these activities.
Molecular Identification of Plasmodium Species in Malaria in Zimbabwe by 18S Ribosequencing
Authors: Mbiri Willlard , Mukandabvute Daniel , Chin’ombe Nyasha
Published: September 2019

Background: Malaria remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Zimbabwe due to transmission of Plasmodium parasite by the Anopheles mosquitoes. Globally, several species of Plasmodium parasite have been identified, but only P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. knowlesi are known to cause malaria in humans. No studies have previously been done in Zimbabwe to identify the Plasmodium species in malaria using molecular methods. The the aim of this study was to identify circulating Plasmodium species in malaria in Zimbabwe using 18S ribosequencing.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey in Zimbabwe from January to May in 2016. Venous blood was collected from malaria-suspected patients at three referral hospitals and subjected to microscopy and/or serology. Total DNA was isolated and Plasmodium species identified by 18S amplification and ribosequencing.

Results: A total of 160 patient samples were used in this study. Out of these, 130 were malaria-positive by microscopy and/or serology and 30 were negative. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 100 samples of the patients (80 malaria-positive and 20 malaria-negative samples by microscopy and/or serology). Amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium was performed on 74 malaria-positive and 6 malaria-negative samples. All the 74 samples showed 18S RNA gene amplification and the 6 negative controls did not show amplification. Only 50 amplicons were selected for sequencing. Ribosequencing and bioinformatics analyses showed that all (100%) the sequences belonged to Plasmodium falciparum.

Conclusion: The study was the first to provide molecular evidence of the existence of only P. falciparum in Zimbabwe. However, further studies with bigger sample sizes need to be done to ascertain whether P falciparum is the dominant circulating species in malaria in Zimbabwe.
Effect of Substituting Poultry Waste Meal for Corn in the Diet of the African Clariid Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles
Authors: Wuraola Obe, Bernadine
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of poultry waste meal (PWM) on growth of Clarias gariepinus juveniles The growth response of juveniles of average weight 6.5g fed poultry waste meal (PWM) was studied for 70 days. The poultry waste meal comprised the droppings from the layers pen, some maggots, broken eggs and feeds that fell during the course of feeding. The proximate analysis of PWM had crude protein value of 9.795 %, crude fibre 8.700 %, ash 25.174 %, moisture 10.794%, carbohydrate 44.286% and fat 1.250% respectively. Five diets were formulated; which were Diet A (Control: with 0% inclusion level of poultry waste meal, B (25%), C (50%), D (75%),  and E with 100% inclusion level (total replacement with poultry waste meal). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the control and all other diets in the values recorded for growth and nutrient utilization, even up to 100% substitution of maize with PWM. The cost of feed production decreased with increase in inclusion levels of PWM in the diets. The results of the study showed that the use of PWM could be considered in the diet of C. gariepinus even up to 100% substitution level; considering the huge cost of maize and competition for its use whereas PMW is obtainable at little or no cost.
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Inflation Targeting Monetary Policy Framework in South Africa
Authors: Makuvaza Leonard , Nyambe Jacob M. , Sheefeni J. P. S.
Published: September 2019

This study is premised on investigating the effectiveness of inflation targeting in South Africa. The methods of analysis include the Vector Autoregressive model (VAR), the unit root test and cointegration test. The analysis was conducted with the use of EViews version 9. The findings from the study revealed that the response of inflation is not consistent with the Taylor rule hence increases in the repo rate meant to reduce inflation actually increase the inflationary pressures in the economy. This is due to the composition of the Consumer Price Index. Housing constitutes the largest weight on the CPI hence this has an impact on how the Repo rate affects inflation. The autoregression model of inflation showed that the sum of the coefficients is less than one (0.965) showing that inflation targeting has effectively reduced the persistence of inflation in South Africa. Thus monetary framework in South Africa seems to be effective and should thus be advanced for wider economic benefit.
E‐cigarette use under fire as officials struggle to pinpoint cause of illnesses
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2019

While federal authorities have not yet pinpointed a cause of more than 450 reported cases of serious lung illness and six deaths associated with use of electronic cigarettes, the notion among some addiction treatment professionals that e‐cigarettes could serve as an optimal smoking‐cessation strategy for their patients appears to be crumbling.
The other side: Pro‐cannabis physicians dispute SG advisory
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2019

Last week (see ADAW, Sept. 9), we wrote about the advisory from U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams, M.D., recommending against marijuana use by pregnant women or adolescents (https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports‐and‐publications/addiction‐and‐substance‐misuse/advisory‐on‐marijuana‐use‐and‐developing‐brain/index.html).
Effect of Rotary Swaging on Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of a Mg‐Al‐Zn Alloy
Authors: Estrin Yuri , Martynenko Natalia , Lukyanova Elena , Serebryany Vladimir , Gorshenkov Mikhail , Morozov Mikhail , Yusupov Vladimir , Dobatkin Sergey
Published: September 2019

The effect of rotary swaging on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy Mg‐4.4Al‐0.9Zn‐0.4Mn is studied. Repetitive processing, conducted at progressively dropped deformation temperature (from 400 down to 200 °C), leads to an increase in the cumulative strain ε. Rotary swaging of the alloy is shown to lead to microstructure fragmentation due to intensive twinning on various crystallographic planes. A high density of twins observed at the final stage of deformation, at ε = 2.77, leads to a decrease in the distance between boundaries (including both twins and grain boundaries) to ≈3 μm. With decreasing temperature, 0.2‐μm‐wide secondary deformation twins form within the primary twins with a width in the range of 1.5–2.5 μm. The texture analysis shows that, upon deformation, the number of orientations increases as does their scatter. Rotary swaging at 350 °C to ε = 2.77 gives rise to an increase of both strength and tensile ductility of the alloy. The high strength characteristics are achieved due to the formation of a subgrain structure and profuse twinning. The increased tensile ductility is associated with the activation of prismatic slip in addition to developed basal slip.
Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Wettability of TiO2NT Arrays Formed in Simulated Body Fluid‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Simon Anna Paulla , Santos Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz , Rodrigues Andressa , Santos Janaina Soares , Trivinho-Strixino Francisco , Pereira Bruno Leandro , Lepienski Carlos Mauricio , Sikora Mariana de Souza
Published: September 2019

Modified titanium nanotubes (TiO2NTs) coatings are grown in simulated body fluid (SBF) from Ticp and Ti6Al4V. The addition of 1% v/v of SBF to the electrolyte neither modifies film morphology nor the structural oxide characteristics for both metal substrates. However, an improvement in mechanical properties (hardness and elasticity model) and wettability is observed. From bioactive assay, a higher amount of fluorapatite was detected on the top of TiO2NTs prepared in SBF‐based electrolyte.
Development and Evolution of the System Structure for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation from Zero to Three Dimensions
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Gu Yufei , Liu Pengfei , Wang Pengfei , Miao Lei , Liu Jing , Wei Anyun , Mu Xiaojiang , Li Jinlei , Zhu Jia
Published: September 2019

Direct solar steam generation (DSSG) offers a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solution to the energy and water crisis. In the past decades, DSSG has gained tremendous attention due to its potential applications for clean water production, desalination, wastewater treatment, and electric energy harvesting. Even though the solar–thermal conversion efficiency has approached 100% under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m−2) using various photothermal materials and systems, the optimization of the materials and system structure remains unclear because of the lack of evaluation methods in unity for the output efficiency. In this review, a few key concerns about different dimensional materials and systems that determine the characteristics of DSSG are explored. Quantitative analysis, including calculations and methods for the solar–thermal conversion efficiency, evaporation rate, and energy loss, is employed to evaluate the materials and systems from the point of view of ultimate utilization. This article focuses on the relationship between the system dimension and energy efficiency and notes opportunities for future system design and commercialization of DSSG.
Anomalous Defect Dependence of Thermal Conductivity in Epitaxial WO3 Thin Films
Authors: Ning Shuai , Huberman Samuel C. , Ding Zhiwei , Nahm Ho‐Hyun , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Kim Hyun‐Suk , Chen Gang , Ross Caroline A.
Published: September 2019

Lattice defects typically reduce lattice thermal conductivity, which has been widely exploited in applications such as thermoelectric energy conversion. Here, an anomalous dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity on point defects is demonstrated in epitaxial WO3 thin films. Depending on the substrate, the lattice of epitaxial WO3 expands or contracts as protons are intercalated by electrolyte gating or oxygen vacancies are introduced by adjusting growth conditions. Surprisingly, the observed lattice volume, instead of the defect concentration, plays the dominant role in determining the thermal conductivity. In particular, the thermal conductivity increases significantly with proton intercalation, which is contrary to the expectation that point defects typically lower the lattice thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity can be dynamically varied by a factor of ≈1.7 via electrolyte gating, and tuned over a larger range, from 7.8 to 1.1 W m−1 K−1, by adjusting the oxygen pressure during film growth. The electrolyte‐gating‐induced changes in thermal conductivity and lattice dimensions are reversible through multiple cycles. These findings not only expand the basic understanding of thermal transport in complex oxides, but also provide a path to dynamically control the thermal conductivity.
Do Zinc Dendrites Exist in Neutral Zinc Batteries: A Developed Electrohealing Strategy to In Situ Rescue In‐Service Batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Liang Guojin , Guo Ying , Liu Zhuoxin , Yan Boxun , Wang Donghong , Huang Zhaodong , Li Xinliang , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: September 2019

The dendritic issue in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZBs) using neutral/mild electrolytes has remained an intensive controversy for a long time: some researchers assert that dendrites severely exist while others claim great cycling stability without any protection. This issue is clarified by investigating charge/discharge‐condition‐dependent formation of Zn dendrites. Lifespan degradation (120 to 1.2 h) and voltage hysteresis deterioration (134 to 380 mV) are observed with increased current densities due to the formation of Zn dendrites (edge size: 0.69–4.37 µm). In addition, the capacity is also found to remarkably affect the appearance of the dendrites as well. Therefore, at small current densities or loading mass, Zn dendrites might not be an issue, while the large conditions may rapidly ruin batteries. Based on this discovery, a first‐in‐class electrohealing methodology is developed to eliminate already‐formed dendrites, generating extremely prolonged lifespans by 410% at 7.5 mA cm–2 and 516% at 10 mA cm–2. Morphological analysis reveals that vertically aligned Zn dendrites with sharp tips gradually become passivated and finally generate a smooth surface. This developed electrohealing strategy may promote research on metal dendrites in various batteries evolving from passive prevention to active elimination, rescuing in‐service batteries in situ to achieve elongated lifetime.
Thermoresponsive Transient Radio Frequency Antennas: Toward Triggered Wireless Transient Circuits
Authors: Zhang Xin , Weber Callie M. , Bellan Leon M.
Published: September 2019

While implantable medical devices offer tremendous potential for treating a myriad of diseases and disorders, there are many situations in which such devices are only needed for short time periods, with extended presence or surgical removal leading to a host of undesired complications. To address this concern, researchers are working to develop implantable circuitry that eventually disintegrates. Prior work in this area leveraged known bioresorbable materials, but the lifetime of circuits formed from such materials is determined upon fabrication, and on‐demand, triggered disintegration is not possible. To better match the lifetime of an implanted device to the status of the condition it is monitoring or treating, it would be advantageous to be able to noninvasively trigger disintegration at a particular time, avoiding situations in which the device lifetime is either too short or too long. Thus, to enable implantable circuitry with wireless capabilities that can disintegrate upon external stimuli, thermoresponsive transient RF antennas are formed that exhibit stable wireless response in warm aqueous environments but disintegrate and irreversibly lose functionality when cooled below a critical temperature. Antennas are formed by embedding patterned networks of silver nanowires in a thermoresponsive polymeric binder, which maintains network conductivity in warm solution but disintegrates and releases the nanowires when solution temperature drops. Mild sintering enhances electrical properties of the conductive nanowire network and antenna response while maintaining the capability for disintegration. To reduce the undesired effects of swelling, devices are sandwiched between two parylene films. These thermoresponsive transient devices represent an important step toward the realization of wireless medical implants whose disintegration can be triggered at any time by an external cooling stimulus.
Chemical Modulation of Bioengineered Exosomes for Tissue‐Specific Biodistribution
Authors: Hwang Do Won , Jo Min Joo , Lee Jeong Heon , Kang Homan , Bao Kai , Hu Shuang , Baek Yoonji , Moon Hyung Geun , Lee Dong Soo , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Henary Maged , Choi Hak Soo
Published: September 2019

The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials play a key role in tissue‐specific targeting by reducing nonspecific background uptake as well as controlling biodistribution and clearance. Due to the strong influence of surface chemistry, chemical modulation of bioinert exosomes with chargeable and traceable small molecule fluorophores has a significant effect on the targeting, stability, and toxicity of the final conjugates. In this study, charge‐variable exosomes are designed by conjugating their surface proteins with near‐infrared fluorophores to control the in vivo fate of exosomes. Interestingly, zwitterionic fluorophore‐labeled exosomes show rapid renal clearance with minimum to none nonspecific tissue uptake, whereas anionic exosomes are excreted through the hepatobiliary route with high uptake in the liver. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosome conjugates are comparable to their corresponding free fluorophores, demonstrating that the surface characteristics govern the fate of final conjugates in the living organism. Such unique surface properties of chemically modulated exosomes are confirmed in the lymphatic system after intradermal administration, which results in distinctive kinetic profiles in the secondary lymphoid tissues. This finding can subsequently serve as the foundation for developing tissue‐specific exosome‐based therapeutics.
Long‐Lasting Designer Insulin with Glucose‐Dependent Solubility Markedly Reduces Risk of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Qiu Yibo , Agrawal Rahul , Chen Diao , Zheng Nan , Durupt Griffin , Kim Jin Hwan , Fisher Simon J. , Chou Danny Hung‐Chieh
Published: September 2019

Insulin analogs are key to blood glucose management for millions of people with diabetes. Nonetheless, the risk of hypoglycemia still exists because this insulin remains bioactive at normal or low blood glucose conditions. Here, the aim is to incorporate phenylboronic acids on insulin glargine to create a glucose‐responsive designer insulin termed “PBA‐F‐glargine.” It is hypothesized that by inserting a glucose responsive moiety, this designer insulin increases the therapeutic window and reduces the risk of insulin‐induced hypoglycemia. Chemical methods are used to incorporate phenylboronic acids into insulin glargine. Biochemical and cell‐based assays are used to confirm that the designer insulin PBA‐F‐glargine preserves insulin bioactivity. In comparison to commercial glargine, in vitro experiments demonstrate that PBA‐F‐glargine has similar bioactivity and increased solubility that is glucose‐dependent. In vivo experiments demonstrate that PBA‐F‐glargine has 88% bioactivity as compared to glargine at hyperglycemic levels, yet has only 30% bioactivity at euglycemic levels. This threefold difference in bioactivity demonstrates that PBA‐F‐glargine is responsive to glucose concentrations. In comparison to commercial glargine, PBA‐F‐glargine reduces iatrogenic hypoglycemia by 15‐fold. In conclusion, PBA‐F‐glargine has a glucose‐dependent in vivo bioactivity that markedly reduces the risk of hypoglycemia.
Numerical and experimental analysis of forced convection in rib‐roughened channels with moisture‐permeable walls
Authors: Sylvester Alexander , Engarnevis Amin , Kadylak David , Huizing Ryan , Rogak Steven , Green Sheldon
Published: September 2019

Ribbed features can promote mixing and improve convective heat and mass transfer in channels. This can be beneficial in certain exchangers, such as Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs), which employ moisture‐permeable membranes to transfer both latent and sensible heat. In this work, a computational fluid dynamics model with experimental validation was used to study angled rib mixing features in compact channels. Results show that, relative to a smooth channel, the ribs increase the channel Sherwood and Nusselt numbers by a larger fraction than the corresponding increase in friction factor. For a typical commercial grade ERV, total effectiveness can be improved by over 10% for an equal pressure drop by adding ribs and slightly increasing the channel height. A custom test stand and rib‐forming technique were developed to validate the simulation predictions. The experiments confirm the net benefit of ribbed channels and agree with the simulation results within experimental uncertainty.
First report of laticifers in lianas of Malpighiaceae and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Pace Marcelo R. , Cunha Neto Israel L. , Santos‐Silva Leyde N. N. , Melo‐de‐Pinna Gladys F. A. , Acevedo‐Rodríguez Pedro , Almeida Rafael F. , Amorim André M. , Angyalossy Veronica
Published: September 2019

Premise

Laticifers have evolved multiple times in angiosperms and have been interpreted as a key innovation involved in plant defense mechanisms. In Malpighiaceae, laticifers were previously known from a single lineage of trees and shrubs, the Galphimia clade, but with detailed anatomical analyses here, we show that their distribution is broader in the family, also encompassing large clades of lianas.

Methods

From 15 genera, 70 species of Malpighiaceae were surveyed through careful anatomical ontogenetic analysis of roots, stems, and leaves and detailed histochemical tests to elucidate the nature of laticifers and latex in the family.

Results

Articulated anastomosing laticifers were encountered in roots, stems, and leaves of two distantly related megadiverse genera of Malpighiaceae lianas: Stigmaphyllon (stigmaphylloid clade) and Tetrapterys s.s. (tetrapteroid clade). From the apex downward, in Stigmaphyllon the laticifers are derived from the procambium and from the cambium during its early activity and are present in the outermost part of the vascular cylinder of stems and leaves and in the pericycle of roots, whereas in Tetrapterys s.s. they are derived from the ground meristem, procambium, and cambium throughout the plant body and are present in the cortex and pith, either the pericycle in roots or the outermost part of the vascular system in stems and leaves, and the primary and secondary phloem.

Conclusions

Laticifers seem to have evolved at least three times independently in Malpighiaceae, once in a lineage of trees and shrubs and twice in two distantly related megadiverse lianescent lineages. Laticifer evolution in Malpighiaceae is homoplastic and may be related to increases in species diversification.