bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAFE ZONE OF JOINT LINE ELEVATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF KNEE FLEXION CONTRACTURE PREVENTING MID-FLEXION INSTABILITY IN TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Abbas Nauman , Khattak Sabir , Faheem Muhammad Umer , Shah Naeem Ahmed , Aziz Amer , Khan Latif
Published: November 2024

Background: In osteoarthritic knee, flexion deformity is caused by synovial inflammation, posterior femoral and tibial osteophytes tenting onto the capsule, ligamentous contracture and hamstring shortening. This study aimed to evaluate the safe zone of joint line elevation for the treatment of flexion knee contracture preventing mid-flexion instability in total knee replacement. Methods 51 knees with varus osteoarthritis undergoing TKA were evaluated. 39 knees with flexion contracture < 15°and 12 knees with flexion contracture >15°.  2-mm joint line elevation was performed in just 4 knees with >15° flexion contracture. The extension and flexion gaps were measured with traditional spacer block. Stability in coronal plane (varus & valgus stress) was assessed at 0,30,60 & 90 degrees. Sampling Technique was non probability consecutive. SPSS 23 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study comprises 51 patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKA) for osteoarthritis, with a notable gender distribution (84.3% women, 15.7% men) and a mean age of 60.24±8.54 years. Of these, 41.2% had both knees affected, and joint elevation was performed in 23.5% with flexion contracture >15°. No instability was found in cases with joint line elevation. Flexion contracture analysis revealed asymmetry across sides, yet no statistically significant differences. Detailed comparisons show variability in flexion contracture and range of motion, emphasizing the complexity of side-specific outcomes. The study underscores the importance of tailored evaluation and intervention for flexion contracture >15° to optimize postoperative results. Conclusions This study has shown that in patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee and flexion contracture > 15°, a 2-mm joint line elevation is safe to treat knee flexion contracture and is not associated with mid-flexion laxity. Level of evidence IV Cross sectional study.
FORENSIC EVALUATION OF DEATHS DUE TO ACUTE ALCOHOL POISONING IN HYDERABAD
Authors: Qamar Zaman Phull  , Lubna Riaz  , Shahla Imran  , Sadia Abdul Qayyum  , Muzna Hameed Dar  , Hanozia Shah
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute alcohol poisoning, particularly from methanol ingestion, remains a critical public health issue worldwide. In regions where illicit alcohol production thrives, methanol poisoning cases are prevalent, posing severe risks of mortality and long-term morbidity. Aim and objective was to analyze the forensic profiles of deaths due to acute methanol poisoning in Hyderabad, identifying the main causes and contributing factors to fatalities associated with methanol intoxication. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study reviewed 198 autopsy records from a hospital in Hyderabad, focusing on cases identified as methanol intoxication deaths. The study analyzed demographic data, autopsy findings, and toxicological reports. Results: A total of 198 fatalities were recorded, with a significant male predominance (91.9%). The age range of the deceased was 21 to 58 years, with a notable concentration in the 31-40 years age group. High blood methanol concentrations were observed with many cases exceeding the lethal threshold. Autopsy findings highlighted the severe impacts of methanol on the brain, heart, and lungs. Conclusion: The study underscores the grave impact of methanol poisoning in the Hyderabad region, with a high rate of fatalities, particularly among young to middle-aged men. It calls for stricter regulation of alcohol production, increased public awareness, and improved medical recognition and treatment of methanol poisoning.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF NSAIDS WITH INTRA- ARTICULAR INJECTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER (TMD) WITH INTERNAL DISC DISPLACEMENT WITHOUT REDUCTION (DDWOR)
Authors: Liaqat Amna , Rubina Sheikh  , Fatimah Zahra Zia  , Muhammad Umar  , Hina Jabeen
Published: November 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a diverse set of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular problems involving the temporomandibular joint complex and surrounding muscles 1. TMD prevalence has varied from one location to the next, with estimates ranging from 6 to 68 % in various types Objectives were to compare the efficacy of NSAIDs with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids in patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) due to disc displacement without reduction in terms of mean pain score and mean mouth opening. This Randomized control trial was conducted at the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, PMC Dental institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, from 6th April 2018 to . 6th April 2019. Methods: All the diagnosed cases of temporomandibular disorder due to disc displacement without reduction were included. Study group (Group1) was injected with 1ml of Triamcinolone acetonide 40mg/ml once, every three weeks & Control group (Group 2) was given Naproxen 550 mg two times a day for 3 weeks. Pain and mouth opening were assessed at initial presentation & then after 3 weeks interval. Results: Total 80 patients were enrolled in the study (40 in each group). The mean age of patients in Control group was 28.73±4.88 years and in study group was 28.68±4.89 years. From 80 patients, 51 (63.80%) were females and 29 (36.20%) were males with 3:1 female to male ratio. Mean pain score was 4.18±0.93 in group 1 and 2.65±0.74 in group 2 after 3 weeks with p-value of 0.0011. Mean mouth opening after 3 weeks was seen as 34.93±1.82 mm in group 1 and 32.28±1.75 mm in group 2 with p-value of 0.0015. Conclusion: Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids are better than NSAIDs in reducing pain and improving mouth opening in patients suffering from TMD due to DDwoR.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ORAL AZITHROMYCIN VERSUS OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID PATIENTS ACROSS ALL AGE GROUPS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Muhammad Uzair  , Saad Wali  , Anees Ur Rehman  , Afaq Ahmad  , Muhammad Hamza Rafique  , Muhammad Bilal Nadeem
Published: November 2024

Background: Typhoid is a major health concern. Drug-resistant cases of typhoid have given rise to new debates. Azithromycin has shown adequate results. The study is designed to determine the clinical efficacy of oral azithromycin versus other antimicrobial drugs in typhoid patients. Method: The studies included in the systematic review are randomized controlled trials, comparing the clinical efficacy of azithromycin to other antimicrobial drugs on typhoid patients. We searched 1180 articles from Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, PLOS ONE, and JSTOR on 16th October, 2023. The risk of bias was analyzed by visualizing the funnel plot, Begg's and Egger's test, and plotting risk of bias graphs. Forest plots are created to display the findings. Results: We identified 14 research articles (1556 participants). Odds ratios of the treatment outcomes were extracted. In a forest plot, the overall effect of the treatment outcome (CI=95%) of azithromycin, in comparison to fluoroquinolones appeared to be favourable (Random Effect Model (REM)=2.15, heterogeneity: I2=37%, Ï„2= 0.1729, p=0.15, the overall pooled effect was towards right side). Compared to chloramphenicol, azithromycin showed a high odds ratio (1.23). However, there was no difference in outcome among ceftriaxone and azithromycin groups (REM=0.67, heterogeneity: I2=0%, Ï„2=0%, p=0.78, the overall pooled effect touched the no-effect line). Conclusion: Azithromycin is more clinically efficacious than fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol. The drug has fewer documented relapses in comparison with other antimicrobial drugs. Fever clearance time of azithromycin is greater than ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol.
CORRELATION OF SONOGRAPHIC OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER WITH OPENING PRESSURE ON LUMBAR PUNCTURE IN PATIENTS OF IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ahmad Sajjad , Noor Ul Hussain  , Mian Iftikhar ul Haq
Published: November 2024

Background: Evaluation of opening pressure (OP) of CSF on lumbar puncture (LP) is an invasive procedure for the confirmation of diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Sonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is a non-invasive method which can help in the estimation of intracranial pressure (ICP). The study was carried out to find out the correlation between ONSD and OP on LP in patients of IIH. Methods: The Cross-sectional study was hosted by medical teaching institute, Gajju medical college, Swabi and Frontier institute of Ophthalmology, Peshawar, from 1st June, 2021 to 31st May, 2023.Total participants were 50, 25 in Group A having diagnosis of IIH and 25 in Group B as control group from general population. The patients in Group A had ONSD assessment followed by measurement of OP and then the process was repeated at two weeks follow up. Participants in Group B had only one assessment of ONSD. Correlation between ONSD and OP was determined. Best cut-off-value for raised ICP was calculated. Results: The mean ONSD was 5.91±0.63 in Group A and 5.07±0.50 in Group B (p=0.00). The mean OP in Group A was 31.64±3.81 cm H2O initially. The mean ONSD and OP at follow up were 5.18±0.42 and 19.64±3.52 cm H2O respectively. The best cut-off-value was 5.60 mm of ONSD for estimation of raised ICP (sensitivity 88% and specificity 88%). Conclusion: Sonographic ONSD has a positive correlation with OP on LP in IIH patients and can be used as a non-invasive tool for the assessment of ICP in IIH patients.
IMPACT OF HYPOKALEMIA ON HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND ITS EFFECT ON DURATION OF STAY IN HOSPITAL
Authors: Mirza Waseem Javed  , Ejaz Ahmad  , Hassaan Ahmad  , Zameer Ahmad Nayyer
Published: November 2024

Background: Hypokalemia is one of the most important precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy causing Hypokalemic Alkalosis which is the leading cause of increased levels of nonionic ammonia in blood that crosses the blood brain barrier with ease and accumulates in the Central Nervous System. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, PAF Hospital, Islamabad from December 31, 2022, to January 1, 2024.The sample size was calculated using WHO sample size calculator and non-probability sampling technique was used. Calculation of mean and standard deviation for variables like Age, Potassium levels and Length of Hospital Stay was done. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for variables like Hypokalemia, Gender, and Ethnicity. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the means, duration of stay at the hospital for patients with and without hypokalemia, keeping the p-value <0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 36.76±9.52 years. Out of the total 179 patients considered, 109 patients were male while 70 were females. Sixty-three patients were found to have hypokalemia. Their mean Potassium level was 3.47±0.37 mEq/L. A significant difference (p=0.230) wasn't detected in patients presenting with hypokalemia with age greater than and less than 35 years of age whereas, a significant difference (<0.001) was detected in the age group of less than 35 years when mean length of hospital stay was calculated. Conclusion: The mean length of hospital stay was significantly higher amongst patients having hypokalemia, compared to those with no hypokalemia.
PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF INJURY IN SEXUAL ASSAULT CASES PRESENTED AT KHYBER MEDICAL COLLEGE PESHAWAR
Authors: Nadeem Faiza , Muhammad Wasif  , Iftikhar Ahmad  , Ahsan Ali  , Salma Shazia  , Omair Jadoon
Published: November 2024

Background: Actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Nowadays sexual assault is considered a major public health issue all over the world, especially in developing countries. Sexual abuse is declared as a medical emergency. Sexual abuse cases are examined in Pakistan by medico-legal officers and their findings are presented to the court as evidence and medico-legal officers present to the court as witness. The objectives were to find out the prevalence of sexual assault cases presented to the forensic medicine department Khyber Medical College Peshawar and to find out the most prevalent pattern of genital and extragenital injury. To find out the association between sexual assault and its associated demographic factors such as age, gender, and drug history. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. All cases of any gender and age were included in the study and cases referred from other districts and with incomplete documentation were excluded. Results: In 90 subjects, the males were 35.6% (n=32), whereas females were 64.4% (n=54). Of the subjects, 72.2% (n=65) had attempts of sexual assault, out of which 43.3% (n=39) went through rape and 28.9% (n=26) went through sodomy. 17.8% (n=16) had associated genital injuries with the assault while 10.0% (n=9) had extragenital injuries. The concurrent poisoning seen was 2.2% (n=2) which was merely benzodiazepine in cases of sexual assault. Conclusion: Our data concluded that sexual assault was more prevalent in females than in males. Most of the individuals were from urban areas rather than rural areas. Of the subjects, rape was more prevalent than sodomy. The most common pattern of genital injury is anal tear while extragenital injuries vary from bruises to abrasions on various parts of the body. The most common drug used was benzodiazepines.
VALIDITY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY OF ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH FOR GENDER DETERMINATION: A DISTINCT AND VALUABLE TOOL FOR FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Jadoon Omair Khan , Sumaira Javed  , Salma Shazia  , Humaira Imtiaz  , Sara Jadoon  , Sarwat Abbasi  , Aftab Alam Khan  , Irshad Romana
Published: November 2024

Background: Forensic Medicine has challenging dynamics particularly in identification of gender from bones. Pelvic bone is one of them which is commonly used in gender estimation due to variety of its features. The greater sciatic notch is the best part of pelvic bone for gender determination as its location makes it resilience to trauma even for many years. The aim of this study was to validate the various features such as width, depth angles etc. of greater sciatic notch for sex determination of the deceased. Methods: This validation study was carried out in department of Forensic Medicine and Anatomy of Ayub Medical College from June 2023 to December 2023. A sample of 70 dry unidentified pelvic bones were studied by measuring the width, depth, anterior and posterior segments, anterior and posterior angles of the greater sciatic notch. Based on these measurements, the bones were then segregated as male and female bones. After initial gender identification, the standard features of the pelvic bones as per Krogman's classification were used for final confirmation of the gender. Results: Result showed width, Anterior segment and posterior angle of greater sciatic notch greater in females while depth of notch deeper, posterior segments, anterior angle greater in males. These parameters and measurements give a unique importance for determining the gender of individual. Conclusion: Our study shows that there is a significant difference between gender on the basis of different mentioned parameters of estimation. By using these parameters of greater sciatic notch anthropometric measurements, investigators can easily conclude important milestones of identity and determine the truth.
CORRELATION OF PRE-TRANSPLANT MELD SCORE WITH 30 AND 60 DAYS' MORTALITY IN PATIENTS OF LIVER TRANSPLANT
Authors: Khan Faryal Riaz Khan , Rao Saad Ali Khan  , Khawar Shabbir  , Asim Shehzad  , Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi  , Zara Riaz Khan  , Salahuddin  , Muhammad Bilal Khattak
Published: November 2024

Background: The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, introduced in 2002 by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), is a vital tool for predicting mortality for liver transplant candidates. Comprising serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, and international normalized ratio (INR), the MELD score includes kidney, liver, and coagulation pathway function, providing a comprehensive prognostic tool. Recent studies suggest broader prognostic implications, extending beyond organ allocation. Despite its benefits, around 15%-20% of patients may not experience accurate survival predictions. Methods: This retrospective single-center study, covering January 2016 to September 2023 with 87 patients, explores the correlation between pre-transplant MELD scores and 30 to 60-day post-transplant survival. Results: Our analysis reveals no significant impact of MELD scores on survival during this period, challenging existing literature (p=0.068). The study underscores the need for nuanced risk assessment beyond MELD scores, considering diverse clinical scenarios and patient-specific variables. Conclusion: Our findings contribute to refining predictive models and advocate for larger-scale investigations, emphasizing a holistic approach to optimize liver transplantation outcomes.
GARRE'S OSTEOMYELITIS OF LONG BONE IN ADULT.
Authors: Khan Amina Gul Shehzar , Haseeb Ahsin  , Sajjad Khan  , Waqar Hussain  , Ansar Rafique  , Ratib Kamal
Published: November 2024

Garre's osteomyelitis is a rare form of chronic osteomyelitis characterized by sclerosing and periosteal reaction of the affected bone. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with left tibial pain and swelling for 18 months. She was diagnosed with Garre's osteomyelitis of the mid-shaft tibia based on radiological and histopathological findings. She underwent curettage, biopsy and culture of the lesion, which revealed oxacillin-sensitive staphylococcus species. She was treated with targeted antibiotics and showed clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering Garre's osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of chronic tibial pain and the role of curettage and antibiotics in its management.
PREOPERATIVE DENOSUMAB AND FEASIBILITY OF LESS MORBID SURGERY IN CAMPANACCI STAGE 3 GIANT CELL TUMOUR OF BONE
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad Asif , Amin Muhammad Suhail , Muhammad Sohaib Nadeem  , Chaudhry Muhammad Nadeem , Areej Fatima
Published: November 2024

Background: Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a rare, locally aggressive benign bone tumour with slight female sex predilection and affecting young adults 20-40 years of age. World health organization (WHO) has recently categorized GCTB as an intermediate malignant tumour. GCTB is known to be driven pathologically via expression of pro-osteoclastic signals by stromal cells. This is mediated precisely via the expression of RANKL by stromal cells acting in an autocrine fashion on RANK receptor-positive osteoclast-like giant cells and their precursors. While the treatment is primarily surgical, we hypothesized that preoperative denosumab therapy facilitates conversion to a less morbid procedure in an aggressive campanacci grade 3 GCTB, otherwise amenable to joint resection and reconstruction/arthrodesis. Methods: A prospective, single arm, interventional study was conducted in Orthopaedics and radiation oncology department of combined military hospital (CMH) Rawalpindi. The duration of study was 36 months. Patients were recruited by purposive sampling technique as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. Denosumab was administered as preoperative adjuvant therapy for 3 months. Pain was assessed utilizing Brief Pain Inventory -Short Form (BPI-SF) and functional status was assessed as per Musculoskeletal tumour society score at baseline and 12 weeks after commencement of denosumab therapy. The intent of surgery pre and post denosumab therapy was ascertained. Results: Total of 23 patients were a part of this study. Mean pain scores and MSTS scores prior to and after denosumab were statistically significant with p-value <0.01. Pre-denusomab, there was inclination towards resection arthroplasty as the treatment procedure (56.5%). After denusomab therapy, intralesional curettage was choice of procedure with intent executed for 78.3% of cases.  Conclusion: Denosumab has potential role for giant cell tumour of bone, it makes a less morbid surgery technically feasible. However, recurrence needs to be probed in long term follow up studies.
UNRAVELLING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AETIOLOGY AND ANTICOAGULATION TRENDS IN STROKE. WHERE DO WE STAND? A STUDY FROM NORTHERN PAKISTAN
Authors: Farhat Naz  , Saqib Malik  , Khazima Asif  , Mehreen Mahsood  , Sadia Rehman  , Najma Rehman
Published: November 2024

Background: Atrial Fibrillation is a heart arrhythmia causing stroke and associated with many modifiable risk factors. A number of strokes can be prevented by identifying these risk factors and adopting primary prevention and anticoagulation. Methods:  This Cross-Sectional observational study on 160 stroke patients; identified frequency and risk factors of Atrial Fibrillation and their prior anticoagulation status. Correlation of risk factors associated with Atrial Fibrillation in stroke was done through Chi Square test. Results: Among 160 patients, 72 (45%) were males and 88 (55%) females. Mean age was 64.29±13.44SD with range of 31-92 years. Among patients, 113 (70.6%) had ischemic stroke, and 32(20%) had Atrial Fibrillation. Among risk factors, 136(85%) had hypertension, 37(23.1%) had diabetes, 52(32.5%) had ischemic heart disease, 27(16.9%) had valvular heart disease, 9 (5.6%) had hyperthyroidism, 37(23.1%) had hyperlipidemia, 17(10.6%) had chronic respiratory disease, 19 (11.9%) were smokers, 61(38.1%) had family history of stroke, 12(7.5%) were obese. Only 8 of 32 with AF (25%) had prior anticoagulation. Correlation analysis of risk factors show ischemic heart disease (p=.000285), rheumatic heart disease (p=.000061), hyperlipidemia (p=.0004), chronic respiratory disease (p=.003175) and smoking (p=.00148) as significantly associated with Atrial Fibrillation. Conclusion: Ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, smoking and respiratory disease are significant risk factors for stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. All these factors are modifiable so primary prevention and prophylactic anticoagulation should be emphasized.
COMPARISON OF LATEX AND SILICON INDWELLING CATHETER IN TERMS OF RATE OF BACTERIAL COLONIZATION IN MALES WITH ACUTE URINARY RETENTION AT 5TH DAY OF CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Aurangzeb  , Mubashar Abrar  , Naveed Ahmad Wattoo  , Moin Anwar  , Fatima Ashraf  , Kamran Liaqat  , Rehan Idrees  , Ayesha Mahnoor  , Muhammad Muneeb
Published: November 2024

Background: Urinary catheterization is considered as one of the most common, frequently performed and basic skill in patient care while catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in the most common nosocomial infection. Catheter material plays an important part in terms of infection and bacterial colonization. With this study, we aim to compare the rate of bacterial colonization in two most commonly used catheter type; Latex and Silicone indwelling catheters in males with acute urinary retention. Methods: This 2-arm randomized control trial was conducted in Allied Hospital Faisalabad over the period of 2 months, from Jan 2023 to February 2023. Seventy-two male patients with acute urinary retention were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Intervention groups was catheterized with silicon indwelling catheter and control groups was catheterized with latex indwelling catheter. Patients were discharged without antibiotics prescription and at 5th day catheter was removed and tip of catheter was sent for culture and sensitivity. Result was received on OPD basis and added in the record. Results: In comparison to the latex catheter, the silicone catheter showed significantly reduced bacterial colonization. In the Silicon indwelling catheter group, out of 36, 8 patients catheters showed bacterial growth while 28 exhibited no growth. In the Latex indwelling catheter group, out of 36, 17 patients catheters showed bacterial growth while 19 exhibited no growth. Conclusion: The findings showed that, on the fifth day of catheterization, silicone indwelling catheters significantly reduced the rate of bacterial colonization when compared to latex indwelling catheters.
LARYNGEAL MUCORMYCOSIS IN AN UNCONTROLLED DIABETIC PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Erum Shahzadi  , Ali Shayan  , Zia-us-Salam Qazi  , Sarfraz Latif  , Sohail Ahmad Malik  , Usman Chaudhary
Published: November 2024

Background: With rising conditions in immunocompromised states, the world is facing the challenge of fungal infections with mucormycosis which was rare previously. With the rise in diabetic patients, COVID-19-related immunosuppression, and steroid use, along with an increasing number of transplant and chemotherapy patients, there has been a notable surge in mucorales infections. Although patients with rhino-orbit-cerebral mucormycosis are the most common type of pulmonary rare ones. Methods: Here, we are reporting 1st case of laryngeal mucormycosis in a 55-year-old male presented with respiratory distress in the ENT department of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. He had a 4-year history of poorly controlled diabetes, with no other identifiable risk factors. An emergency tracheostomy was performed, pus was aspirated, and necrotic tissue was debrided to relieve the airway obstruction. Conclusion: Laryngeal mucormycosis was diagnosed in the subglottic region via multiple biopsies through direct laryngoscopy under anesthesia. The emergence of new variants of mucormycosis is calling for vigilant identification and meticulous control of predisposing risks. Concomitant debridement and intravenous amphotericin B are recommended under current guidelines.
REGADENOSON MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SCINTIGRAPHY: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Adil Muhammad , Zaigham Salim Dar  , Shahbaz Afsar Khan  , Fida Hussain  , Asad Malik  , Husnain Saleem
Published: November 2024

Background: Regadenoson is highly selective A2A adenosine receptors agonist used for stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. This study presents our initial experience utilizing Regadenoson as a myocardial perfusion stress agent, aimed to assess the safety of Regadenoson for stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Methods: Following Institutional Ethical Review Borad approval, adult patients presenting for myocardial stress perfusion scintigraphy were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Exclusions included second or third-degree AV block, unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, severe hypotension, or significant heart failure. Demographic data, co-morbidities, vitals, and adverse events were recorded. Results: Sixty-three patients were included, predominantly male (63.5%), with a mean age of 56.81±12.95 years. Hyperlipidaemia was the most common co-morbidity (47.6%). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased acutely but normalised by 60 minutes. No serious adverse effects occurred, though transient ST segment depression was noted in 8.3% of patients. The most common adverse effects were dyspnoea (23.8%) and headache (21.4%). Conclusion: Regadenoson is associated with transient haemodynamic changes and non-serious transient adverse effects.
EXPLORING THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN PAKISTAN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON IMPACTS, CAUSES, TREATMENT CHALLENGES, AND SOCIAL STATUS
Authors: Abrar Hussain Azad  , Shahzad Ali Khan  , Ijaz Ali  , Usman Ghani  , Hina Fatima  , Pashma Wazir  , Shaaray Abrar Umar
Published: November 2024

Background: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) presents a significant public health challenge globally, including Pakistan. Despite its high prevalence, there is limited research on the lived experiences of individuals with SUD in Pakistan, particularly in terms of cultural, social, and treatment challenges. Methods: This qualitative study explores the experiences of 60 male individuals with SUD in the capital territory of Pakistan. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling and were interviewed using a semi-structured guide covering various aspects of their lives impacted by SUD. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, with translation and back-translation processes ensuring accuracy in capturing participants' narratives. Results: The study identified four main themes: the impact of SUD on individuals' lives, causes of SUD, treatment experiences, and the social status of individuals with SUD. Participants reported significant financial and social hardships, strained interpersonal relationships, and severe physical and mental health issues. Causes of SUD included emotional distress, peer pressure, and abusive circumstances, while treatment options varied from medical interventions to spiritual healing. The stigma associated with SUD significantly impacted participants' social reintegration and recovery. Conclusion:The findings highlight the complex interplay of socio-economic, psychological, and cultural factors influencing SUD in Pakistan. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive, patient-centered approaches in the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with SUD. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive strategies that address the specific needs of this population.
Zihinsel Yetersizliği Bulunan Kaynaştırma Öğrencilerinin İlk Okuma Yazma Öğretiminde Karşılaştıkları Sorunların Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Akar Dilan , Yılmaz Fatih
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada zihinsel yetersizliği bulunan kaynaştırma öğrencilerinin ilk okuma yazma öğretimi sürecinde yaşadıkları sorunlara dair öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma modellerinden temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2022–2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Batman merkezinde zihinsel yetersizliğe sahip kaynaştırma öğrencisi bulunan 15 sınıf öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler görüşme yoluyla elde etmiştir. Katılımcıların seçiminde ölçüt örnekleme yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadaki temel ölçüt öğretmenlerin zihinsel yetersizliğe sahip kaynaştırma öğrencisiyle çalışıyor/çalışmış olmasıdır. Görüşme için gönüllü olan öğretmenlerin, görüşmeleri ses kayıt cihazıyla kayıt altına alınmıştır. Araştırmacı; zihinsel yetersizliği bulunan kaynaştırma öğrencilerinin ilk okuma yazma öğretimi sürecinde yaşadıkları sorunlara dair öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesinden elde ettiği verilerin analizinde betimsel analizden faydalanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen verilere dayanarak; zihinsel yetersizliğe sahip kaynaştırma öğrencisi bulunan öğretmenlerin materyal eksikliği yaşadığı, kaynaştırma öğrencilerinin bulunduğu sınıfların mevcutlarının kalabalık olduğu ve fiziki olarak uygun olmadığı belirtilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin bu süreçte yaşadığı en büyük sorunlardan birinin zaman sıkıntısı olduğu, BEP sürelerinin bu öğrenciler için yetersiz olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca bu süreçte tek bir yöntemin ihtiyacı karşılamadığı, somutlaştırabilmek için birden fazla yöntem kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına dayanarak; unutma sorununu aşmak için sürekli tekrarlar yapılması gerektiği, evde aile desteğinin de olması gerektiği ve ek ödevlendirmelerle sürecin desteklenmesinin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Sürecin daha sağlıklı ilerleyebilmesi için RAM doğru analizler yapmalı ve kazanımları öğrencinin ihtiyacına uygun olacak şekilde düzenleyerek BEP’in hazırlanması gerektiği önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in 5'-UTR of CYP11B1 Gene in Sahiwal and Tharparkar Cattle Breeds of Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Faheen , Mehmood Sarfraz , Jamil Aatka , Jamil Khansa , Malik Imran Riaz , Riaz Muhammad Naeem
Published: November 2024

One of the major goals of animal genetics is to understand the role of common genetic variants in disease susceptibility as well as in production traits. Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle could be considered as global animal genetic resources as the two breeds are best in Pakistan due to high milk-producing ability, resistance against tropical diseases, and heat tolerance. The CYP11B1 gene codes for a mitochondrial enzyme is known as steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase. In cattle, it catalyzes the conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone. The present study was aimed to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP11B1 gene in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle breeds of Pakistan. We collected 27 Sahiwal breed samples from RCC Jhang and 49 Tharparkar cattle samples from Government livestock farms Umerkot (Location 1).Sequence analysis of CYP11B1 gene’s exon 1 has shown total 22 polymorphic sites in both breeds14 SNPs were found in Tharparkar cattle and 8 in Sahiwal cattle. Moreover 7 non-synonymous mutations were in Tharparkar breed 5 were identified in Sahiwal breed. In this study SNP based phylogenetic tree of Tharparkar and Sahiwal cattle was constructed, and the results have shown promising findings Tharparkar cattle from Bos taurus as well as Sahiwal cattle breed. Sequences of Tharparkar cattle have also shown divergence within breed as the sequences have formed 3 different clades at different positions. This polymorphism study could be an effective genetic tool for  the development of trait-specific DNA markers for Pakistani cattle breeds, and therefore help the animal breeders and scientist to identify domestic livestock diversity that allows different livestock species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding
Exploring Genetic Variability of the Partial Kappa-Casein Gene in Nili-Ravi Buffalo and Sahiwal Cattle of Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Naeem , Mehmood Sarfraz , Siddique Abubakar , Akhtar Hafiz Muhammad Bilal , Jamil Khansa , Jamil Aatka , Kolhi Jai Parkash , Ali Ghulam Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Recent years have seen an immense spike in scientific interest in the ҡ-CN gene polymorphism because of its strong correlation with the characteristics and composition of milk. It also plays an important role in milch breed characterization and processing properties. In the current study, two breeds of Pakistan, i.e., Nili-Ravi buffalo (n= 45) and Sahiwal (n= 60), were genotyped for the ҡ-CN gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP. Animals of Nili-Ravi buffalo were found homozygous, showing BB genotype, while genotypes AA & AB were observed in Sahiwal cattle with the genotypic frequencies 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. Sequence analysis of Nili-Ravi buffalo samples with already published sequences of the same breed has shown two SNPs with no effect on protein functionality. However, on sequence comparison with Indian Murrah buffalo replacing Threonine with Isoleucine at codon 136, which affects protein functionality, also confirmed through PROVEAN. Moreover, in Sahiwal cattle, both synonymous as well as non-synonymous substitutions were found. This work paves the door for future studies to characterize breeds and identify unique SNPs within the breed
Physiochemical Evaluation of Selected Local Soilless Substrates for their Effect on Growth and Quality of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflora)
Authors: Ali Irslan , Ahmad Iftikhar , Muhibullah Fahad , Mujtaba Ghulam , Majeed Yasir , Habib Umer , Ahmad Mushtaq , Sabahat Sanjeela
Published: November 2024

Growing substrates are very important for the growth and development of plants, it is quite possible to get maximum yield from flowering crops just by selecting proper growing substrate, a study was conducted to evaluate the physiochemical characteristics and effect of selected local soilless substrates on growth and quality of lisianthus. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), there were five treatments and every treatment was replicated thrice, each replication was consisting of 20 plants, and were planted in plastic creates of 45×60-inch surface area. Substrates were crushed and well mixed and filled in plastic crates after lining with polythene green net sheet for proper drainage as per following treatments, viz. silt (100%) as control, silt+pressmud (1:1; v/v), silt+coco-coir+pressmud (1:1:1; v/v/v), silt+rice hulls+pressmud (1:1:1; v/v/v), Coco-coir+Rice hulls+press mud (1:1:1; v/v/v). Data collection was done on weekly bases for all the growth and quality parameters. Results indicated that tallest plants (52.0 cm) with higher numbers of leaves (50.0), open flowers per stem (5.4) having thickest stem, bigger size flower (52.8 mm) with higher vase life (12 days) were produced in coco-coir+rice hulls+pressmud (1:1:1; v/v/v) substrate. It is recommended that coco-coir+rice hulls+pressmud (1:1:1; v/v/v) can used for premium quality stem production of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflora) and would be best local soilless substrate among the tested substrate for commercial production.
Evaluation of Variable Rates of Zinc Sulfate Fertilization on Soil Chemical Characteristics, Fertility Status, and Growth Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum): A Case Study on the Hilly Region of Uthal, Balochistan
Authors: Mengal Khalid Hameed , Kalhoro Shahmir Ali , Rodeni Muneer Ahmed , Kubar Kashif Ali , Korai Punhoon Khan , Ahmed Siraj , Shabir Ahmed  , Ababaki Bilal Ahmed , Ullah Sami , Jan Sher , Raisani Abdullah , Kasi Zain ul Abidin , Mengal Javed Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Fertilization of field crops with zinc (Zn) has recently been a significant consideration worldwide due to deficiency and malnutrition. This research study aimed to evaluate the impact of different levels of zinc sulfate, combined with nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on soil properties, morphological characteristics of plants, plant growth, yield attributes, and their interaction with soil properties. The research experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with Six variable rates of ZnSO-4 (0, 4.5, 9.5, 14.5, 19.5, and 24.5 kgha-1) arranged in a triplicate. The analysis results showed a 15-20% significant effect of increased rate of Zn fertilization on plant growth (plant height, leaf length, spike length, and fertile tiller formation), biological and grain yield of wheat compared to control. The mean maximum of biological (18018.33±820.63 and 17219.66±1261.41 kgha-1) and grain yield (4233.33±121.027 and 4000±58.13 kgha-1) were observed in T5 and T4 (ZnSO-4 rate 24.5 and 19.5 kgha-1) compared to control (8675.66±228.92 and 2863.33±46.99 kgha-1). Additionally; the results of the co-relation matrix showed a positive significant (p<0.05) effect among the various soil and plant parameters, while; the negative significant (p<0.05) was observed in soil pH, and non-significant (p<0.05) was observed in soil EC (dsm-1). Conclusively; this study's findings suggested that ZnSO-4 at the rate of 24.5 kgha-1 could improve the interaction among the soil and plant nutrition that enhanced the morphological characteristic of wheat and ultimately influenced biological and grain yield kgha-1 of wheat in the hilly areas of Balochistan.
Influence of Various Nutrient Media on the Seed Germination, Growth and Development of Acacia (Acacia Auriculiformis L.)
Authors: Jamali Ali Raza , Jamali Shamshad , Kaleri Asif Ali , Soomro Abdul Wahab , Magsi Shuaib Ahmed , Hajano Asif Ali , Kalhoro Hussain Bakhsh , Jamali Muzamil Farooque
Published: November 2024

The present research was carried out in 2022-23 at the SAU Nursery, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. To assess the influence of various Nutrient Media on seed germination growth and development of Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis L.) The experimental trial was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Acacia seeds were grown in Nutrient Media comprising canal silt, farmyard manure, rice husk and dry leaves in (1:1) among the nutrient media comprising canal silt + Rice husk (1:1) has shown the best result in germination and growth parameters. Viz germination (83.33%), plant height (17.70cm), number of branches plant-1 (27.66), fresh biomass of shoot (30.27g), dry biomass of shoot (14.15g), and quality index (0.78) while the poor results was recorded in canal silt germination (23.33%), Based on Nutrient Media, NM3 canal silt + Rice husk (1:1) performed better germination growth and development of Acacia, the present study that the Nutrient MediaNM3 =canal silt + rice husk (1:1) had better result for all parameters. It has been suggested that Acacia may be nourished with Nutrient Media Canal Silt + Rice husk (1:1) and also good in Canal silt + Dry leaves (1:1).
Selected Wheat Germplasm Trial Evaluation for Semi-Arid Zone of Balochistan
Authors: Khan Israr , Razaq Reki Abdul , Ejaz Muhammad , Ahmed Naseer , Nisa Tahira , Shahzad Sikandar , Qadir Abdul , Naz Farah , Muhammad Atta , Sharif Muhammad , Nouman Irshad Muhammad , Ahmed Saeed
Published: November 2024

Approximately 21.8% of the current agricultural land cultivates wheat. High-yielding wheat varieties that are tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses fulfil a large demand for wheat consumption, especially in the developing world. The Balochistan Agricultural Research and Development Centre, in Quetta (BARDC) held a field experiment to test and evolve wheat germplasm from the CIMMYT nursery semi-arid wheat yield trial (28 SAWYT) on 2022-23 for Balochistan. The experiment had 24 entries, as well as one control variety, Shalkot-14. The alpha-lattice design of the experiment included two replications. There were 25 plots, each measuring 3 m2 (4 rows x 0.25 m x 3 m long apart). We recorded a variety of parameters, including days to heading 50%, plant height (cm), days to maturity, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, total dry matter (Kg), canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, and grain yield.  The maximum (130) and minimum days to heading (118) was recorded in entries 16 and 8, respectively. Germplasm nos. 3 and 4 recorded the minimum plant height of 69.5 cm. Germplasm no. 20 recorded the maximum days to maturity (188.5 days), while germplasm no. 6 recorded the minimum days to maturity (174 days). Germplasm no. 14 recorded the maximum spike length of 13.0 cm, while germplasm no. 7 recorded the minimum mean spike length of 7.0 cm. Germplasm no. 21 recorded the maximum number of grains per spike (63.5), while germplasm no. 2 recorded the minimum number of grains per spike (50.5). A wide range (192200-13060kg) of total dry matter was found in entry 8 and entry 21, respectively.  Similar varied arrays were recorded in canopy temperature (28.0-34.0 °C) in entries 11 and 14, likewise maximum and minimum 1000 grain weight and yield was recorded in entry 7, 11 and 9, 6, respectively.
Textile Effluent Impact on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth Attributes in Sandy Clay Loam Soil
Authors: Rehman Tanzeem ur , Alam Tajwar , Kashif Aziz Muhammad , Shahzad Muhammad , Bashir Muneeb , Hassan Javaid , Sadaf Rimsha
Published: November 2024

The degradation of soil caused by untreated textile effluent poses a significant threat in Pakistan. Therefore, during this study, a pot experiment quantified the impact of untreated industrial effluent on the growth attributes and heavy metal concentration (Cu and Cd) in rice. Wastewater samples were collected from two different industries and the treatments were comprised of control (tape water), Rashid printing textile effluent (RPTE), RPTE (40% dilution), Mamtaz mehal textile effluent (MMTE), MMTE (40% dilution), and RPTE (50% dilution) + MMTE (50% dilution) applied as irrigation water. Samples were evaluated for various traits including heavy metals (Cu and Cd). The highest shoot length cm (28.3) was recorded in the control treatment followed by RPTE (40% dilution) treatment (26.0) having a similar trend for fresh and dry shoot weight (g). The highest root length (7.9 cm) was recorded in the control treatment followed by RPTE (40% dilution) treatment (6.9 cm) and the same trend was observed for fresh and dry root weight (g). A similar trend was observed for tillers plant-1. In the case of heavy metals, the highest Cd shoot concentration (mg kg-1) was recorded in RPTE while the highest Cd concentration in root was recorded in treatment MMTE, and a similar trend was observed for post-harvest soil Cd concentration. Highest shoot Cu concentration (mg kg-1) was recorded for treatment MMTE and the same trend was observed for roots while the highest concentration of Cu for post-harvest soil was recorded for treatment RPTE. The results depicted that the application of contaminated effluent leads to the development of heavy metal toxicity in the soil. Furthermore, higher concentrations of effluent not only exacerbated heavy metal toxicity but also reduced the growth of rice. Therefore, regular monitoring by government agencies is recommended to ensure the production of safe and healthy food.
Investigating the Role of Solubilizing Bacteria in the Phosphorus Cycling and Organic Matter Dynamics
Authors: Rehman Hafeez-u- , Nazar Saima , Rauf Hafiz Abdul , Jamil Muhammad , Aftab Khadija , Sheikh Aftab Ahmad , Masood Syed Ahtisham , Bilal Muhammad , Fatimah Tahsin , Ijaz Fraza , Mansoor Muhammad , Hanif Mamoona , Ahmad Nadia Hussain , Kanwal Sadia , Bibi Amna , Ahmad Idrees , Muslim Nafeesa , Akbar Muhammad Tahir , Khan Muhammad Umar Hayat
Published: November 2024

In alkaline calcareous soils, where phosphorus is usually immobile and unavailable for plant uptake, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are essential for increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus in soils. Through the synthesis of organic acids and other processes, these bacteria solubilize inorganic phosphate compounds, greatly enhancing the cycling of phosphorus. The purpose of this review is to explore how PSB enhances phosphorus availability and how it interacts with the dynamics of organic matter in alkaline calcareous soils, which are common in many arid and semi-arid regions. Important findings from the literature show that PSB interact with organic matter to improve soil fertility overall in addition to increasing phosphorus availability. Research have indicated that temperature, pH, and inputs of organic carbon all affect PSB activity. The review also emphasizes the challenges presented by environmental factors that limit bacterial efficaciousness in phosphorus solubilization, as well as the symbiotic relationship between PSB and other soil microorganisms. This review has significant outcome for environmentally friendly farming. Growers can encourage more economical and environmentally friendly farming practices by lowering their reliance on chemical phosphorus fertilizers by using PSB as biofertilizers. By promoting nutrient cycling, accelerating the breakdown of organic matter, and possibly raising carbon sequestration, PSB activity also contributes to the long-term health of the soil. For sustainable agricultural productivity and environmental conservation, this research emphasizes the significance of microbial interventions in managing nutrient-deficient soils.