bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editor's message
Authors: Diot Christophe
Published: May 2006

This April 2006 issue is thin. We hope the quality will satisfy you though. Maybe because of the SIGCOMM deadline or the season holidays or both, we only received around 10 submissions and one article was selected for publication. This acceptance rate is much lower than what we would like to see for CCR, and I take this as a failure to attract the right type of contributions. CCR looks for nicely-written papers describing new ideas, new studies, new protocols, or new mechanisms in the area of computer communication. Remember that a full validation is not necessary. Also, depending on how advanced your work is, you can either submit a ten-page article or a four-page editorial (including position papers).But maybe your expectations are different? Please send us comments. We can not improve CCR without the help of our readers (did I say that already?Another unsolved issue is the implementation of CCR as an online community where articles are available online as soon as they are submitted. This online CCR community would also be used to implement a junior researcher reviewing program where Ph.D. students and recently graduate researcher could pick papers and submit their reviews.This issue of CCR is mostly made of editorials and of SIGCOMM-community news. For the first time, we received unsolicited four-page papers. We published most of them. SIGCOMM news is also richer than usual with in particular the second issue of Michalis Faloutsos' column (co-authored with Kevin Almeroth), even more hilarious than the first one. Michalis also put together a very useful resource for measurement based research: a catalogue of publicly available traffic data and analysis tools. Last, Jim Kurose helped convince Jon Crowcroft to send his list of 10 must-read papers.Among the noticeable sigcomm news, we announce the creation of a "Test-of-Time" award. This award recognizes a paper published 10 to 12 years ago for its significant contribution. Please contribute.
Community-oriented network measurement infrastructure (CONMI) workshop report
Authors: claffy kc , Crovella Mark , Friedman Timur , Shannon Colleen , Spring Neil
Published: May 2006

This report summarizes issues discussed at the first CONMI workshop held on 30 March 2005 in Boston, Massachusetts. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation's Office of Cyberinfrastructure (OCI-0532233), the workshop was intended to begin a discussion regarding the viability and utility of a community-oriented network measurement infrastructure. This report was published 20 December 2005 online at: http://www.caida.org/workshops/conmi/.
Unwanted traffic in 3G networks
Authors: Ricciato Fabio
Published: May 2006

The presence of "unwanted" (or background) traffic in the Internet is a well-known fact. In principle any network that has been engineered without taking its presence into account might experience troubles during periods of massive exposure to unwanted traffic, e.g. during large-scale infections. A concrete example was provided by the spreading of Code-Red-II in 2001, which caused several routers crashes worldwide. Similar events might take place in 3G networks as well, with further potential complications arising from their high functional complexity and the scarcity of radio resources. For example, under certain hypothetical network con guration settings unwanted traffic, and specifically scanning traffic from infected Mobile Stations, can cause large-scale wastage of logical resources, and in extreme cases even starvation. Unwanted traffic is present nowdays also in GPRS/UMTS, mainly due to the widespread use of 3G connect cards for laptops. We urge the research community and network operators to consider the issue of 3G robustness to unwanted traffic as a prominent research area.
Activation of NADPH-diaphorase-positive projections to the rostral ventrolateral medulla following cardiac mechanoreceptor stimulation in the conscious rat
Authors: Kantzides A. , Badoer E.
Published: May 2006

Stimulation of cardiac mechanoreceptors during volume expansion elicits reflex compensatory changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) are autonomic regions known to contribute to this reflex. Both of these nuclei project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), critical in the tonic generation of SNA. Recent reports from our laboratory show that these pathways 1) are activated following cardiac mechanoreceptor stimulation, and 2) produce nitric oxide, known to influence SNA. The aims of the present study were to determine whether 1) the activated neurons within the PVN and NTS were nitrergic and 2) these neurons projected to the RVLM. Animals were prepared, under general anesthesia, by microinjection of a retrogradely transported tracer into the pressor region of the RVLM and the placement of a balloon at the right venoatrial junction. In conscious rats, the balloon was inflated to stimulate the cardiac mechanoreceptors or was left uninflated. Balloon inflation elicited a significant increase in Fos-positive neurons in the parvocellular PVN (sevenfold) and NTS (fivefold). In the PVN, 51% of nitrergic neurons and 61% of RVLM-projecting nitrergic neurons were activated. In the NTS, these proportions were 8 and 18%, respectively. The data suggest that nitrergic neurons within the PVN and, to a lesser extent, in the NTS, some of which project to the RVLM, may contribute to the central pathways influencing SNA elicited by cardiac mechanoreceptor stimulation.
Regulation of epithelial sodium channels by the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway
Authors: Malik B. , Price S. R. , Mitch W. E. , Yue Q. , Eaton D. C.
Published: May 2006

Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+channels (ENaC) play a crucial role in Na+transport and fluid reabsorption in the kidney, lung, and colon. The magnitude of ENaC-mediated Na+transport in epithelial cells depends on the average open probability of the channels and the number of channels on the apical surface of epithelial cells. The number of channels in the apical membrane, in turn, depends on a balance between the rate of ENaC insertion and the rate of removal from the apical membrane. ENaC is made up of three homologous subunits: α, β, and γ. The COOH-terminal domain of all three subunits is intracellular and contains a proline-rich motif (PPxY). Mutations or deletion of this PPxY motif in the β- and γ-subunits prevent the binding of one isoform of a specific ubiquitin ligase, neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated protein (Nedd4–2), to the channel in vitro and in transfected cell systems, thereby impeding ubiquitin conjugation of the channel subunits. Ubiquitin conjugation would seem to imply that ENaC turnover is determined by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, but when Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are transfected with ENaC, ubiquitin conjugation apparently leads to lysosomal degradation. However, in untransfected renal cells (A6) expressing endogenous ENaC, ENaC is indeed degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Nonetheless, in both transfected and untransfected cells, the rate of ENaC degradation is apparently controlled by Nedd4–2 activity. In this review, we discuss the role of the ubiquitin conjugation and the alternative degradative pathways (lysosomal or proteasomal) in regulating the rate of ENaC turnover in untransfected renal cells and compare this regulation to that of transfected cell systems.
Postural Effects on Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Humans
Authors: Husmann Marc J. , Barton Matthias , Amann-Vesti Beatrice R. , Franzeck Ulrich K.
Published: May 2006

Background: Direct assessment of the effect of postural changes on interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in the human skin under physiological conditions is important for the understanding of mechanisms involved in diseases resulting in lower limb edema. Previous techniques to measure IFP had limitations of being invasive, and acute measurements were not possible. Here we describe the effect of postural changes on IFP in the skin of the foot using the minimally invasive servonulling technique. Results: Measurements were performed in 12 healthy subjects. IFP (means ± SD) was significantly higher in the sitting (5.1 ± 2.9 mm Hg) than in the supine position (–0.3 ± 3.6 mm Hg, p = 0.04) when measured in the sitting position first. The difference between the sitting and the supine position was not significant when measurements were taken in the supine position first [from 1.0 ± 4.3 (supine) to 3.6 ± 6.7 mm Hg (sitting), p = 0.46]. Spontaneous low-frequency pressure fluctuations occurred in 58% of the recordings during sitting, which was almost twice as frequent as in the supine position (33%; p = 0.001), while no effects on lymphatic capillary network extension were observed (p = 0.12). Conclusion: Using the servonulling micropressure system, postural effects on IFP can be directly assessed. IFP is higher in the sitting position, but differences are influenced by the time in the upright position.
A Rare Intestinal Manifestation in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Strongyloidiasis
Authors: Giavina-Bianchi Pedro , Collet e Silva Francisco de Salles , Toledo-Barros Myrthes , Birolini Dario , Kalil Jorge , Rizzo Luiz Vicente
Published: May 2006

We report an immunodeficient patient with a rare gastrointestinal manifestation. A 26-year-old male with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and bronchiolitis obliterans, who was on intravenous γ-globulin and prednisone, presented diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation of 3 days’ duration. He reported 5 years of recurrent respiratory infections and diarrhea with negative stool tests, including tests for Strongyloides stercoralis. A physical exam revealed a poor general condition, anemia, dehydration and a distended painful abdomen with guarding, without abdominal sounds. The radiological study showed marked dilation of the small bowel that was edematous. Resection of the affected loop was performed and the histopathologic study showed transmural infection with S. stercoralis and hemorrhagic necrosis of the muscular layer, without mucosal destruction. The patient developed malabsorption syndrome and septic shock; he was treated with antibiotics and thiabendazole and was finally discharged in a good general condition. CVID is a rare disease and its association with systemic strongyloidiasis is very uncommon, but it has been reported in patients on corticosteroids. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the muscular layer without mucosal destruction was not found in the literature studied.
Management Dilemmas in the Treatment and Follow-Up of Advanced Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: Marshall Andrew H. , Bradley Patrick J.
Published: May 2006

Advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) (i.e. disease with intracranial extension) is reportedly uncommon. The optimum management form of such a clinical situation currently remains controversial. This review, of the recent English published literature, discusses the common JNA classification systems advocated, shows the advantages and disadvantages of surgical approaches used (both open, endoscopic or combined), and re-evaluates the current role of radiotherapy (for initial management or treatment of residual/recurrent disease). We also discuss the typical presentation of these patients, the role of pre-operative embolization, as well as surgical techniques to minimize recurrence, and advocate a post-treatment follow-up protocol.
The "Gospel According to the Hebrews" in the Apostolic Fathers
Authors: Beatrice Pier Franco
Published: May 2006

This article deals with two very strange Gospel quotations found in the letter of Ignatius of Antioch To the Smyrnaeans and in a fragment of the treatise of Papias of Hierapolis An Exegesis of the Sayings of the Lord. By means of an in-depth analysis of the available Patristic evidence and a comparison with the Judaeo-Christian Gospel tradition, the author tries to demonstrate that these are the two oldest known quotations of the Gospel according to the Hebrews, and shows the possible consequences to be drawn for a better understanding of the developments of the Gospel tradition from its origins until the end of the second century.
Parameterization of Inversion Breakup in Idealized Valleys. Part I: The Adjustable Model Parameters
Authors: Zoumakis N. M. , Efstathiou G. A.
Published: May 2006

The factors that affect the atmospheric energy budget approach used in the thermodynamic valley inversion destruction model of Whiteman and McKee are investigated theoretically. The height at which the sinking inversion top meets the rising convective boundary layer to destroy valley inversions can be uniquely determined by the topographic characteristics of the valley and an adjustable model parameter, relating to the fraction of sensible heat flux going to convective boundary layer growth, through a simple parabolic relationship. The time required to break a temperature inversion can be expressed with very good approximation as a simple power-law function of the topographic parameters and the fraction of extraterrestrial solar flux that is partitioned to sensible heat flux in the valley atmosphere. The theoretical estimates compare very favorably to predictions from the bulk thermodynamic model of Whiteman and McKee. A new approach to handle time-dependent sensible heat fluxes is outlined. The paper ends with recommendations for future research.
Dynamics of Atmospheric Regression Patterns: Regional Mountain Torque Events
Authors: Egger Joseph , Hoinka Klaus-Peter
Published: May 2006

The regression of atmospheric fields against a parameter P with lag τ is a standard procedure in meteorology. Here, the torque exerted by a mountain massif is chosen as a parameter in order to study the interaction of weather systems with orography on a statistical basis. It is normally found that the amplitudes of the correlation patterns increase with τ → 0 and decrease for increasing positive lag. It is proposed to explain this ubiquitous feature in the orographic case on the basis of the covariance equations that govern these regressions. Two examples are discussed. First, a version of the low-order Charney–DeVore model of β-plane flow over a mountain is considered where stochastic forcing stirs a Rossby wave mode. It is found that the general increase of covariance amplitudes for τ → 0 (if it occurs) is mainly due to the forcing, but triple covariances of mountain torque and vorticity advection are important as well. A new covariance energy equation is derived to demonstrate that the frictional decay for τ > 0 is supported by these triple covariances while the stationary wave acts as a source for τ > 0. A dynamical interpretation of the triple terms is given. Next, data from the ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) set are used to study mountain torque events in winter near Greenland, where the covariances of all standard variables with the torque P exhibit a rapid quasi-barotropic increase with τ → 0 near Greenland. This amplification process is investigated by looking at the barotropic vorticity equation adapted to this statistical problem. This equation captures the evolution of the regression patterns reasonably well in the range −2 ≤ τ ≤ 2 days. The triple covariances of torque and nonlinear vorticity advection play the key role in the amplification process. In particular, covariance enstrophy is generated and destroyed by these terms, a process without counterpart in the standard vorticity equation. Stochastic forcing is presumably unimportant. The interpretation of the triple terms is difficult in contrast to that of the other “linear” terms of the vorticity equation. The angular momentum in the Greenland domain decreases during events of positive torque.
Social Representations in the European Security and Defence Policy
Authors: Mérand Frédéric
Published: May 2006

Why are international institutions designed in one way and not another? Using the European security and defence policy (ESDP) as a case study, this article suggests that the social representations dominating the national and organizational world of institution-makers are key to our understanding the shape and content of an emerging institution of international security cooperation.A focus on social representations, which are the product of institutional practices, helps to break the interest/idea dichotomy that underpins most theories of preference formation when they try to explain institutional designs.This article shows that foreign and defence policy-makers from France, Germany and the United Kingdom have shaped ESDP by projecting their respective social representations, notably with regard to the role of the state, the nature of security challenges and the purpose of their organization.
The Language of the Young People
Authors: Casco José Arturo Saavedra
Published: May 2006

The main aim of this article is to show through a brief recount of the history of rap in Tanzania the social and political contents of Tanzanian hip-hop songs, mentioning the characteristics of the messages and their impact on Tanzanian youth. This article also remarks on the local elements, beside the use of Swahili language, contained in Tanzanian rap that are inherited from Swahili precolonial poetry. Finally, it gives several examples of the social and protest contents in songs of remarkable Tanzanian hip-hop artists, such as Mr. II, Professor Jay and Wagosi wa Kaya.
Movement Models from Sports Provide Representative Task Constraints for Studying Adaptive Behavior in Human Movement Systems
Authors: Davids Keith , Button Chris , Araújo Duarte , Renshaw Ian , Hristovski Robert
Published: May 2006

Researchers studying adaptive behavior in human movement systems have traditionally employed simplified, laboratory-based movement models in an effort to conserve experimental rigor. Brunswikian psychology raises questions over the representativeness of many of these popular experimental models for studying how movements are coordinated with events, objects, and surfaces of dynamic environments. In this article we argue that sports provide rich ecological constraints for representative task design in modeling the complex interactions of human performers with their environments. Adopting a functionalist perspective enriched by ideas from ecological psychology and nonlinear dynamics, we consider data from exemplar movement models in basketball and boxing to support this contention. We show that this preference for movement models from sports, although not completely novel, has accelerated over recent years, mainly due to the theoretical re-emphasis on studying the interaction of individual and task constraints. The implications of using such applied models of move ment behavior in studying the design of natural and artificial systems are also discussed.
Modernity, Community and the Landscape Idea
Authors: Cosgrove Denis
Published: May 2006

Landscape has recently achieved a broad intellectual prominence as a theoretical concept across the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Its complex roots and meanings are scrutinized with particular attention given to the pictorial and scenic aspects of landscape, which are here historicized in relation to processes of cultural modernization. Landscape's roots in territorially based community governed by customary law have never been wholly destroyed and an analysis of the evolution of landscapes in Southern California suggests that they are being recovered in certain respects in the context of hypermodernity.
Spatial Cleansing
Authors: Herzfeld Michael
Published: May 2006

This article comprises preliminary remarks about spatiality and power, with a particular focus on field data from Greece and Thailand (with secondary materials from Italy). I suggest that the creation of large open spaces in city contexts, generating a marked contrast with local tolerance of crowding, represents the intrusive presence of regimentation and aesthetic domination. Within a larger pattern of conceding to hegemonic ideas about classical ornamentation as well as rational town-planning, such idioms of ‘spatial cleansing’ create a context entirely compatible with the current structures of economic inequality. They also occlude the understandings of past experience that characterize local groups wishing to remain in historic centers; it is noteworthy that in Thailand, where the middle class has not yet succumbed to the global fashion for antique domestic spaces as has its counterpart in Italy (and to a lesser extent in Greece), it is the poor who seem more interested in calibrating their lives to official master narratives in the hope of being rewarded with continued rights to inhabit their existing lived environment.
Who Said Romance Was Dead?
Authors: Edmonds Mark
Published: May 2006

This article uses recent work in the central Lake District to explore current approaches to prehistoric landscapes in Britain. It argues that those approaches owe much to ways of seeing, which have their roots in the Romantic tradition, in particular, a tendency to privilege vision over the other senses. The more recent history of the area is drawn upon to argue for approaches which deal more directly with the physical engagement with landscape at varied scales. Such an approach has implications for the ways that the area has been, and remains, caught up in discourses of identity.
Materializing Stonehenge
Authors: Pearson Mike Parker , Pollard Josh , Richards Colin , Thomas Julian , Tilley Christopher , Welham Kate , Albarella Umberto
Published: May 2006

This article reviews recent interpretations of Stonehenge in terms of contrasting uses of stone and timber in the mid-3rd millennium BC. It explores the relationship of this enigmatic monument with circles of wood at nearby Durrington Walls and Woodhenge, establishing how these various monuments might have been integrated into a single scheme in which these remarkable structures were linked by artificial avenues and the natural feature of the River Avon. It also investigates the ways in which substances other than wood and stone – turf, earth, chalk and wood ash – may also have had significance for ideas and practices of transformation involving the living and the dead. The results of excavations and fieldwork in 2004 and 2005 are also summarized.
Screening for autism
Authors: Eaves Linda C. , Wingert Heather , Ho Helena H.
Published: May 2006

Screening measures to identify very young children at risk for autism spectrum disorders include the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M–CHAT) and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). To examine the validity of these written questionnaires, parents completed them prior to their child's diagnostic assessment at a tertiary autism clinic. The M–CHAT was given to 84 parents of 2 to 3-year-olds and the SCQ to 94 parents of 4 to 6-year olds. On both measures sensitivity was higher than specificity with positive predictive values 0.63–0.68. False negatives, or children with autism who were missed by screening, were somewhat higher functioning than true positives. Results were better for parents who spoke English as a second language, contrary to expectations. At this stage of development these tools would be recommended as part of more comprehensive surveillance programmes to identify children in need of further assessment but not to ‘screen out’ the possibility of autism.
Theorizing from the Borders
Authors: Mignolo Walter D. , Tlostanova Madina V.
Published: May 2006

‘Borders’ will be in the twenty-first century what ‘frontiers’ where in the nineteenth. Frontiers were conceived as the line indicating the last point in the relentless march of civilization. On the one side of the frontiers was civilization; on the other, nothing; just barbarism or emptiness. The march of civilization and the idea of the frontiers created a geographic and bodygraphic divide. Certain areas of the planet were designated as the location of the barbarians, and since the eighteenth century, of the primitives. In one stroke, bodies were classified and assigned a given place on the planet. But who had the authority to enact such a classification, and what was the logic of that classification? Furthermore, the classification of the world by region, and the link established between regions and people inhabiting them, was parallel to the march of civilization and companions of it: on the other side of the epistemic frontiers, people do not think or theorize; hence, one of the reasons they were considered barbarians.
ARCIC on Mary: An Historical Consideration of the Use of Early Church Evidence in the Seattle Statement
Authors: Painter John
Published: May 2006

The ARCIC Statement on Mary features an underlying agreement on Mary as a basis for recommending that Anglicans accept the two Marian dogmas of the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption as matters of faith. In outlining the case it becomes clear that the place of Scripture, as expressed in Article 6 of the Thirty Nine Articles, is different in the two Communions. The two Marian dogmas shift the focus of the underlying agreement so that Mary becomes more aligned with Jesus than believers. Mary's sinlessness, which is the focus of the dogma of Immaculate conception, apparently involves her continuing virginity. Though perpetual virginity is assumed in the creeds and theBook of Common Prayer, it is not explicitly connected with Mary's purity or sinlessness. This move is consistent with the place of virginity and celibacy in the Roman Catholic Church. It is a serious difference from the Anglican position. In addition, ecumenical research brings into question the view that Mary remained ever a virgin recognizing children born to Joseph and Mary. Historically and exegetically the mother and brothers of Jesus are seen as believers and followers of Jesus.
Perfect Stereochemical Control in the Synthesis of syn-α-Methyl-β-hydroxy Thioesters by Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Aldehydes
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Uchiro Hiromi , Kobayashi Shu
Published: May 2006

Perfect stereochemical control in the synthesis of syn-α-methyl-β-hydroxy thioesters are achieved by the asymmetric aldol reaction between silyl enol ether of S-ethyl propanethioate and aldehydes by the use of a chiral promoter consisted of chiral diamine coordinated tin(II) triflate and tributyltin fluoride.
Convenient Determination of Rate Constants of Quenching of Singlet Oxygen and Its Reaction with Dithiolene Nickel Complexes
Authors: Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Shiozaki Hisayoshi , Kitao Teijiro
Published: May 2006

The rate constants of quenching of singlet oxygen (kq) and its reaction (kr) with bis(dithiobenzil)nickel complexes have been determined by a simulation method from photo-irradiation of rubrene in the presence of oxygen, and the substituent effects in these complexes on kr and kq values have been discussed.
Photolysis of an Azidogermane. Observation of a Germanimine (Ge=N) in Hydrocarbon Matrices
Authors: Tsumuraya Takeshi , Ando Wataru
Published: May 2006

Irradiation of Mes3GeN3 in a 3-methylpentane matrix at 77 K yields the germanimine, Mes2Ge=NMes, which is intensely yellow in color with maxima at 309 nm and 459 nm.
Dimethylgermylene Insertion into the Si–H Bond
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Hasegawa Asako
Published: May 2006

The relative reactivity of seven substituted aryldimethylsilanes to unsubstituted phenyldimethylsilane was examined in the reaction with dimethylgermylene which was generated thermally from 7-germanorbornadiene in benzene at 70 °C. Electron-withdrawing substituents enhanced the reactivity, and the relative rates could be correlated with the Hammett p value of 1.04. Nucleophilic attack by dimethylgermylene at the Si–H bond was postulated via a pentacoordinated intermediate where little charge separation was involved.
Thermal Rearrangement of Dimethylaminomethylenethiaspirononenes and thiaspirodecenes
Authors: Cotelle Philippe , Barbry Didier , Hasiak Bruno , Couturier Daniel
Published: May 2006

Enamines are the thermal rearrangement products of (5R*,6R*)-6-dimethylamino-4-methylene-1-thiaspiro(4,5)-2-decene and (4,4)-2-nonene, and (5R*,6S*)-6-dimethylamino-1-methylene-2-thiaspiro(4,4)-3-nonene. The mechanism of formation of these compounds is discussed.
Effect of Amines on the Epoxidation of Alkenes with H2O2 in the Presence of Molybdenum(VI) Oxide-Bis(tributyltin) Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Kamiyama Tsutomu , Inoue Masami , Enomoto Saburo
Published: May 2006

The epoxidation of alkenes with H2O2 was carried out in the presence of molybdenum oxide(VI)–(Bu3Sn)2O in CHCl3 at 25 °C. In the oxidation of cyclohexene, styrene, and α-pinene, the addition of amines was indispensable and the yields of oxides reached 87 to 57%.
Dephosphorylation of 1-Substituted F-1-Alkenyl Phosphates with Diisobutylaluminium Hydride. A New Highly Efficient Method for Generating F-Alkyl Ketone Aluminium(III) Enolates
Authors: Ishihara Takashi , Yamaguchi Koichi , Kuroboshi Manabu
Published: May 2006

1-Substituted F-1-alkenyl phosphates, prepared easily from F-alkyl ketones, were treated with diisobutylaluminium hydride in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C for 5 min or at room temperature for 30 min to generate quantitatively the corresponding ketone aluminium(III) enolates, which underwent the aldol reaction with various aldehydes at 0 °C to give α-fluoro-α-F-alkyl β-hydroxy ketones in good to excellent yields.
Acid-Catalyzed Electron-Transfer Processes in Hydride-Tansfer Reactions from 10-Methylacridan to p-Benzoquinone Derivatives
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ishikawa Masashi , Tanaka Toshio
Published: May 2006

The pH dependences of the second-order rate constants and the primary kinetic isotope effects for hydride-transfer reactions from an acid-stable NADH model compound, 10-methylacridan (AcrH2), to a series of p-benzoquinone derivatives (Q) in H2O–EtOH (5:1 v/v) have revealed that the hydride transfer proceeds via acid-catalyzed electron-transfer from AcrH2 to Q.
Stereoselective Conjugate Addition of Halide Anion to Acetylenic Carbonyl Compounds Promoted by Lanthanoid Reagents
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Tanaka Akihiko , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: May 2006

The conjugate addition of halide anion to acetylenic ketones proceeded by the combined use of cerium salts, halotrimethylsilanes and sodium or tetrabutylammonium salts to afford trans-β-halo enones stereoselectively. On the other hand, N,N-diethyl cis-β-haloacrylamides were synthesized from propiolamide.
The Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Allylstannanes with Trimethylsilyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Ogawa Sinji , Koyama Masatoshi , Kato Tetsuya , Fujiwara Tooru
Published: May 2006

γ,δ-Unsaturated ketones were obtained by the reaction of trimetylsilyl enol ethers with allylstannanes in the presence of tin(IV) or copper(II) salt in good yields.
The Addition Reaction of Acetals(Aldehydes) to Simple Olefins by the Use of a New Catalyst System
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Wariishi Koji , Furuya Minoru , Kobayashi Shu
Published: May 2006

In the coexistence of catalytic amounts of trimethylsilyl chloride and tin(II) chloride with a stoichiometric amount of lithium perchlorate, acetals react with simple 1,1-di-substituted olefins to afford the corresponding adducts in good yields. Aldehydes also react with the olefins to form the Prins-type reaction products by further addition of alkoxy trimethylsilane to the above catalyst system.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Retinal Derivatives
Authors: Ikeda Hidetsugu , Kawabe Yutaka , Sakai Toshio , Kawasaki Kenji
Published: May 2006

Retinal derivatives with electron donors or acceptors were synthesized and their second order nonlinear optical properties were investigated by electric field induced second harmonic generation(EFISH) method. Retinal derivatives were found to have large second order optical nonlinearities.
Lithium Selective Complexation by a Novel Cyclophane-type Macrocyclic Ligand
Authors: Kihara Nobuhiro , Saigo Kazuhiko , Kabata Yoshio , Ohno Mami , Hasegawa Masaki
Published: May 2006

A novel cyclophane consisting of diphenylamine and piperazine skeletons was synthesized by their direct 2:2 condensation using benzene as a template. The cyclophane was a very effective ligand for alkaline metal and ammonium cations, and showed highly selective extractability for lithium cation.
Photolysis of 1,1,1-Triarylhept-2-ynes. Generation of Phenyl(hex-1-ynyl)carbene
Authors: Shi Min , Okamoto Yoshiki , Takamuku Setsuo
Published: May 2006

Photolysis of 1,1,1-triarylhept-2-yne in methanol gave biaryl and 1-aryl-1-methoxyhept-2-yne, which may be derived from the insertion of aryl(hex-1-ynyl)carbene into the OH bond of methanol. The carbene may be generated by photo-α,α-elimination of two aryl groups from the substrate.
Amino Acid and Urea Sensors Using Parsley Leaves as Catalytic Material
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Chikyu Katsuhiko , Kobayakawa Koichi
Published: May 2006

The minced parsley leaves coupled with potentiometric ammonia gas sensing electrode showed effective biocatalytic activity, i.e. responded for L-glutamine, L-asparagine and urea with a Nernstian slope of 47–48 mV per decade of substrate concentrations. Very good time stability with no significant loss of biocatalytic activity over 40 days was maintained.
Facile Reduction of Organometallic Halides with Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium and the X-Ray Structure of (C5Me5)2YbCl(THF)
Authors: Yasuda Hajime , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Yokota Kiyohiko , Nakamura Akira
Published: May 2006

Reduction of (C5H5)2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr) and TiCl4 with one equiv. of (C5Me5)2Yb(THF)2 gave rise to the formation of [(C5H5)2MCl]2 and TiCl3(THF)3, respectively, together with (C5Me5)2YbCl(THF). The molecular structure of (C5Me5)2YbCl(THF) has been determined by the X-ray analysis. The reaction of (C5Me5)2Yb(THF)2 with Me3SiCl yielded a mixture composed of [(C5Me5)YbCl]n and C5Me5(CH2)4OSiMe3.
Photochemistry in the Adsorbed State. Energy Transfer from Electronically Excited SO2 to 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
Authors: Anpo Masakazu , Yamamoto Yasushi , Suzuki Satoshi
Published: May 2006

Photoluminescence spectrum of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene adsorbed on porous Vycor glass has been studied in the absence and presence of SO2, O2, N2, or N2O. The yields of the phosphorescence increase with increasing the amount of added SO2, but not with added O2, N2, or N2O, indicating that an intermolecular energy transfer occurs from the electronically excited SO2 to 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in the adsorbed layer.
The γ-Gauche Effect in the Se–Ge(α)–C(β)–C(γ) System as Detected by 77Se-NMR
Authors: Tomoda Shuji , Shimoda Masakatsu , Takeuchi Yoshito
Published: May 2006

The steric compression effect (γ-effect) of γ-carbon on 77Se chemical shift in mono- and diselenogermanes has been first evaluated by 77Se NMR spectroscopy. The γ-gauche effect falls in the range between −59.1 and −13.6 ppm (upfield shift).
Efficient Solid Catalyst Systems for Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Cyanotrimethylsilane
Authors: Onaka Makoto , Higuchi Katsumi , Sugita Keisuke , Izumi Yusuke
Published: May 2006

Clay montmorillonite, calcium fluoride, and hydroxyapatite are found to be effective solid catalysts for the reactions of cyanotrimethylsilane with carbonyl compounds. Different catalytic functions of the solid catalysts are also elucidated.
Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkyl- or Arylboronic Acid Esters with Organic Halides Induced by Thallium(I) Salts and Palladium-Catalyst
Authors: Sato Makoto , Miyaura Norio , Suzuki Akira
Published: May 2006

The cross-coupling reaction of alkylboronic acid esters with 1-alkenyl- or aryl halides is successfully catalyzed by PdCl2(dppf) or Pd(PPh3)4 in the presence of thallium(I) hydroxide or carbonate to give the corresponding alkenes or arenes in good yields. The coupling reaction of arylboronic acid esters with aryl halides under similar conditions to provide biaryls is also described.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Avenaciolide
Authors: Tsuboi Sadao , Sakamoto Jun-ichi , Sakai Takashi , Utaka Masanori
Published: May 2006

(−)-Avenaciolide 1 was synthesized highly stereoselectively in 7 steps from ethyl 3-chloro-4-oxododecanoate via the kinetic resolution of ethyl 4-acetoxy-3-chlorododecanoate by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Structure, Synthesis, and Stereochemistry of (+)-Orthosporin, a Phytotoxic Metabolite of Rhynchosporium Orthosporum
Authors: Ichihara Akitami , Hashimoto Masaaki , Hirai Takamasa , Takeda Ichiro , Sasamura Yasuaki , Sakamura Sadao , Sato Rinzo , Tajimi Akitoshi
Published: May 2006

Structure of (+)-orthosporin, a phytotoxic metabolite isolated from Rhynchosporium orthosporum has been elucidated from spectroscopic data and chemical reaction, and the stereochemistry of (+)-orthosporin and (+)-diaporthin has been confirmed by the synthesis.
Reaction of Tris(alkylthio)cyclopropenyl Cation with Pyrrole and Indoles. A Novel Synthesis of Pyrrolizine and Fluorazene Derivatives
Authors: Kojima Hideo , Ozaki Kazuyoshi , Matsumura Noboru , Inoue Hiroo
Published: May 2006

The treatment of tris(isopropylthio)cyclopropenylium perchlorate with pyrrole and indoles in the presence of a strong base afforded pyrrolizine and fluorazene derivatives, respectively.
How to Determine the Force Constants of MM2 Force Field in a Consistent Way?
Authors: Hase Yasunori , Sakakibara Kazuhisa , Hirota Minoru
Published: May 2006

General equations to determine the stretching (ks) and bending (kb) force constants of nitrogen containing bonds for Allinger’s MM2 force field have been derived on the basis of a relationship between spectroscopically determined stretching force constants (kos) and equilibrium bond length (re).
Cyclohepta[l]phenanthrenylium Ions. Intramolecular Cyclization of 2-Biphenylylcycloheptatrienes
Authors: Yamamura Kimiaki , Miyake Hideyoshi , Azumi Kazuko , Murata Ichiro
Published: May 2006

The intramolecular Friedel-Crafts type reaction of 3′-methoxy- and 3′,5′-dimethoxy-2-biphenylylcycloheptatrienes allowed to construct the corresponding cyclohepta[l]phenanthrenylium ions in reasonable yields. Some physical properties (UV, 1H-NMR, and pKR+) of these new cations were also described.
The Structure of Safflomin C, a Constituent of Safflower
Authors: Onodera Jun-ichi , Obara Heitaro , Hirose Ryoji , Matsuba Shigeru , Sato Noriko , Sato Shingo , Suzuki Masanobu
Published: May 2006

The structure of safflomin C, a yellow constituent of the flowers of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), was investigated.
Synthesis of Isophthalaldehyde Polymer and ESR Detection of High Spin States
Authors: Nogami Takashi , Kosaka Satoru , Shirota Yasuhiko , Aota Hiroyuki , Harada Akira , Kamachi Mikiharu
Published: May 2006

Thermal polymerization of isophthalaldehyde in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid gave polymer insoluble in any organic solvent. This polymer seems to possess triphenylmethyl radical as a monomer unit. It showed ESR signals of triplet and higher spin states, besides that of the organic monoradical. This type of polymer is expected to open a new field of organic ferromagnetic materials.
2,2′-(5,8-Dihydroquinoxaline-5,8-diylidene)bis(1,3-benzodithiole)s. A New Type of Electron Donors
Authors: Yamashita Yoshiro , Suzuki Takanori , Miyashi Tsutomu
Published: May 2006

The title compounds were prepared from quinoxaline-5,8-diones by using a Wittig-Horner reaction of 2-dimethoxyphosphinyl-1,3-benzodithiole and a retro Diels–Alder reaction. They are stronger donors than dibenzo-TTF and formed conductive complexes with TCNQ and iodine.
Studies on the Development of Anisotropy of Carbonaceous Materials. Comparison of Carbonization Behavior between Methylene Bridged Naphthalene Oligomer and Biphenyl One
Authors: Ida Toru , Nomura Masakatsu , Miyake Mikio , Akada Katsumi
Published: May 2006

Methylene bridged naphthalene oligomer was found to produce a carbonaceous material with optical anisotropy of a flow domain texture while corresponding biphenyl oligomer gave isotropic one. FD-MS measurements of oligomers and carbonized products revealed that the observed difference was originated from structural features whether condensed aromatic rings can develop or not.
A Flavin Receptor. Effect of 2,6-Diaminopyridine Derivatives on the Reduction of Benzo-Dipteridine (Oxidation-Active Flavin Model)
Authors: Yano Yumihiko , Tamura Norio , Mitsui Keita , Nabeshima Tatsuya
Published: May 2006

The Hamilton’s macrocyclic receptor for thymine was found to act also as a flavin receptor; it forms a complex with 7,14-diethylbenzo[1,2-g; 5,4-g′]dipteridine-2,4,9,11-(3H,7H,10H,14H)-tetrone (H-BDP) in CHCl3 and depresses slightly its oxidation activity.
Preparation of Chiral Fluorine Compounds from (2S,3S)-3-Phenylglycidol
Authors: Takano Seiichi , Yanase Masashi , Ogasawara Kunio
Published: May 2006

Some potentially useful chiral fluorine compounds have been synthesized starting from (2S,3S)-3-phenylglycidol.
Selective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Arylfluorosilanes with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Hatanaka Yasuo , Fukushima Satoshi , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: May 2006

In the presence of potassium fluoride, arylfluorosilanes readily participate in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl iodides to give the corresponding unsymmetrical biaryls in good yields.
Selective Partial Oxidation of Propane over Metal Phosphate Catalysts
Authors: Takita Yusaku , Yamashita Hisaomi , Moritaka Kenji
Published: May 2006

Catalytic oxidation of propane was studied over metal phosphates using propane rich feed. Oxidation reached measurable rate at 620–700 K over the catalysts. Over Cu2P2O7, Ni2P2O7, and LaPO4, propene, acetaldehyde, and methanol were principal products and the sum of these selectivities reached 70–80 mol%. Maximum selectivity of acrolein, 11.5 mol%, was observed over Mn2P2O7. Selectivity of propene reached 50.7 mol% over Co2P2O7. Deep oxidation was dominant over Cr4(P2O7)3, (ZrO)2P2O7, and CePO4.
α-Oxoketene Dithioacetals in Organic Synthesis. A New Access to 1-Siloxy-1,3-butadienes and Their Selective Reactions with Electrophiles
Authors: Tominaga Yoshinori , Kamio Chizuko , Hosomi Akira
Published: May 2006

Reactions of α-oxoketene dithioacetals with trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium chloride in the presence of cuprous iodide gave the corresponding 1-trimethylsiloxy-3-methylthio-1,3-butadienes selectively in excellent yields. 1-Siloxydienes react with various carbon electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds to furnish the desired dienones and 4-dihydropyrones selectively.
Enantiodivergent Route to the Aromatic Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes via a Chiral Acetylene Alcohol
Authors: Takano Seiichi , Sugihara Takumichi , Samizu Kiyohiro , Akiyama Masashi , Ogasawara Kunio
Published: May 2006

Efficient preparation and practical utilization of (R)-1-benzyloxy-3-butyn-2-ol have been established. Treatment of (2S,3S)-4-benzyloxy-2,3-epoxybutyl chloride, obtained via the Sharpless epoxidation, with n-butyllithium afforded (R)-1-benzyloxy-3-butyn-2-ol which could be transformed enantiodivergently into the key synthetic intermediates of the aromatic bisabolane sesquiterpenes.
Assimilatory and Dissimilatory Reductions of NOn− (n = 2, 3) Catalyzed by MoFeS Cluster
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Matsui Tatsuji , Tanaka Toshio
Published: May 2006

Nitrate and nitrite ions are selectively reduced to NH3 by a (Bu4N)4[MoFe3S4(SPh)3(O2C6Cl4)]2-modified glassy carbon electrode under the electrolysis at −1.25 V vs. SCE in H2O (pH 10.0), while nitrite ion is predominantly reduced to N2 under the same electrolysis at −1.00 V.
Synthesis of Atropisomeric 2,2′-Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (BICHEP) and Its Use in Rh(I)-catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Olefins
Authors: Miyashita Akira , Karino Haruhiko , Shimamura Jun-ichi , Chiba Takeshi , Nagano Katsuhiko , Nohira Hiroyuki , Takaya Hidemasa
Published: May 2006

The atropisomeric bis(dialkylarylphosphine) ligands, (R)-(−)- and (S)-(+)-2,2′-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (BICHEP) (1) have been newly synthesized, whose Rh(I) complexes are highly efficient catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenations of ethyl α-(benzamido)cinnamate and dimethyl itaconate in up to 98% yields and 98–99% enantiomeric excess.
Synthesis of a New Fucosidase Inhibitor, 1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-L-talitol, via Cyanotrimethylsilanolysis of a β-D-Ribofuranoside and Its Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Hashimoto Hironobu , Hayakawa Michiya
Published: May 2006

A new polyhydroxypiperidine of L-talo configuration was synthesized from benzyl tri-O-benzyl-β-D-ribofuranoside via ring-cleavage reaction with cyanotrimethylsilane and found to be an effective fucosidase inhibitor (Ki 10−5–10−6 M).
Cobalt(II) Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds with Aldehydes by the Use of Phenylsilane. New Method for Preparation of β-Hydroxy Nitriles, Amides, and Esters
Authors: Isayama Shigeru , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: May 2006

A new crossed coupling reaction of α,β-unsaturated nitriles with aldehydes was performed by using phenylsilane and a catalytic amount of bis(1,3-diketonato)cobalt(II) to give β-siloxy nitriles in good yields. Similarly, α,β-unsaturated amides and esters also reacted under the same conditions to afford β-siloxy amides or esters. The present reaction provides a new and facile method for preparation of β-hydroxy nitriles, amides, and esters.
Isolation and Characterization of N,N-Disilylarenetellurenamides
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Kimura Koji , Kato Shinzi
Published: May 2006

N,N-Disilylarenetellurenamides were prepared by the reaction of benzenetellurenyl iodide with lithium N,N-disilylamide and characterized for the first time.
Stability of Strongly Acidic Rare Earth Oxalate Solutions
Authors: Minagawa Yukinori , Yajima Fumikazu
Published: May 2006

Stability of strongly acidic rare earth (III) oxalate aqueous solutions was studied as a function of concentrations of oxalic acid, nitric acid, and rare earth (III) nitrate, RE(NO3)3, at 30 °C. Induction period, Id for precipitation of rare earth oxalate was given by Id = kRE [HNO3]T6 [RE(NO3)3]T−2 [H2C2O4]T−3, where subscript T indicates the total concentration and kRE is constant for rare earth metal ion. kRE values for Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and Y were evaluated as 110, 14, 6.2, 2.5, 2.3, 4.8, 6.6, 13, 23, and 16/(10−6 sM), respectively. These results can be well explained by the simple precipitation theory based on solubility products of rare earth (III) oxalates.
Liquid Crystalline and Ferroelectric Properties of Tartrate with Two Chiral Centers
Authors: Ujiie Seiji , Iimura Kazuyoshi
Published: May 2006

A liquid crystalline chiral tartrate with p′-nitoazobenzene mesogenic moiety was found to show cholesteric and chiral smectic phases. In the chiral smectic phase, the tartrate exhibited the ferroelectric properties. The mode value of spontaneous polarization was 5 mC/m2 at 90 °C.
The First Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 1-Methyl-3-oxidopyridinium and (R)s-p-Tolyl Vinyl Sulfoxide. An Enantioselective Synthesis of (1S)-(−)-2α-Tropanol
Authors: Takahashi Tamiko , Kitano Kazuyoshi , Hagi Toru , Nihonmatsu Hiroko , Koizumi Toru
Published: May 2006

The first enantioselective synthesis of (1S)-(−)-2α-tropanol, which has the opposite absolute configuration to that of natural cocaine, was achieved by an asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of (R)s-p-tolyl vinyl sulfoxide and 1-methyl-3-oxidopyridinium.
Regioselective 1,4-Functionalization of 1,3-Dienes via (η3-1-Acetonylallylic)Fe(CO)2NO Complexes
Authors: Itoh Keiji , Nakanishi Saburo , Otsuji Yoshio
Published: May 2006

1,4-Acylation-alkylation of 1,3-dienes occurred regioselectively via (η3-1-acetonylallylic)Fe(CO)2NO complexes upon treatment of 1,3-dienes with iodomethane in the presence of Bu4NFe(CO)3NO and then with carbon nucleophiles or carbon electrophile.
Synthesis of Colorless (6/5)-Molybdophosphonate, Na2H5[(C2H5)4N]3(HP)5Mo6O33
Authors: Himeno Sadayuki , Hori Toshitaka , Saito Atsuyoshi
Published: May 2006

The title compound was isolated from a 0.15 M (= mol/dm3) Mo(VI)/0.3 M H3PO3/0.1 M HCl/60% (v/v) CH3COCH3 system. The existence of a new type of heteropoly complex with a composition of Mo/P = 6/5 was elucidated. The formation conditions and the IR spectroscopic characteristics were compared with those of well-established pentamolybdodiphosphonate.