bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MannaAcademy: impulsionando o protagonismo feminino através de uma rede interinstitucional de extensão universitária
Authors: Flôr Daniela Eloise , Da Cruz Eduardo Henrique Molina , Possebom Ayslan Trevizan , Beleti Junior Carlos Roberto , Hübner Rodrigo , Gonçalves Paulo César , Da Silva César Alberto , Aylon Linnyer Beatryz Ruiz
Published: September 2020

O MannaAcademy é um projeto que impulsiona o protagonismo feminino em direção ao equilíbrio de gênero em áreas tecnológicas. A articulação dos integrantes do Grupo Manna resultou em uma rede interinstitucional que, por meio da extensão universitária, compartilhou saberes, espaços e materiais. A iniciativa capilarizou suas ações para mostrar à sociedade os impactos da disparidade de gênero e a necessidade da presença feminina na computação, na microeletrônica e nas engenharias.
Iron Ears: primeiras impressões de um jogo educativo para ensino de estrutura de dados lineares
Authors: Da Rosa Alexandre , De Jesus Andreia , Igarashi Gabriel  Vaz , Pereira Vinicius  Struginski
Published: September 2020

Com a evolução tecnológica os softwares educacionais ganham cada vez mais espaço em sala de aula. Dentre estes, existem os jogos educativos, que promovem tanto o entretenimento quanto o ensino através do lúdico. Levando em conta a dificuldade dos alunos da área de computação na aprendizagem de estruturas de dados, optou-se pela aplicação do jogo Iron Ears: Data Structure na disciplina de Estruturas de Dados I do curso superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). A partir dos experimentos realizados, com base nas médias finais e frequência dos alunos, foi possível notar que o Iron Ears ajudou na retenção de alunos e melhorou a compreensão do conteúdo dos mesmos.
Quando a Aluna se Torna a Mestre: Um Relato da Experiência de Alunas de Graduação Aplicando Dinâmicas de Ensino de Computação para Alunas de Ensino Médio
Authors: Pinto Nathasha , Araujo Alana , Mendes Estephane , Pavani Giovanna , Silva Karla , Neto Raimundo , Salles Katia , Rivero Luis
Published: September 2020

O quantitativo de mulheres nas carreiras e cursos das áreas de Computação e Tecnologias é baixo se comparado ao quantitativo de homens. Para incentivá-las a entrar em cursos de exatas, vários projetos de extensão têm sido executados. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo relata os resultados da aplicação de uma gincana em que foram realizadas atividades de ensino envolvendo computação plugada e desplugada. As atividades e o material preparado foram escolhidos e adaptados por alunas do curso de ciência da computação da Universidade Federal do Maranhão com o intuito de encorajar alunas de ensino médio. Como resultado desta experiência, foi possível coletar opiniões sobre o processo de criação da gincana por parte das graduandas e a avaliação da mesma por parte de alunas de ensino médio.
O ensino de pensamento computacional por meio de jogos desplugados e olimpíadas científicas: um relato de experiência nos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Lopes Alexandre F. , Santana Thalia  S. , Braga Adriano  H.
Published: September 2020

Este artigo relata a experiência de um curso de pensamento computacional para alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. A estratégia consiste em utilizar elementos de jogos desplugados e olimpíadas científicas para promoção de pensamento computacional, além de oportunizar a participação na Olimpíada Brasileira de Informática (OBI). Os resultados obtidos sugerem o potencial da gamificação além de boa classificação dos participantes na XXI OBI.
Tudo junto e misturado - como explorar a diversidade de conhecimentos em turmas iniciantes?
Authors: Berardi Rita C. G. , Bim Sílvia Amélia
Published: September 2020

O perfil das turmas de primeiro período em cursos de computação tem se modificado ao longo dos anos, tendo estudantes que já programam junto com estudantes que nunca programaram e por isso possuem uma curva de aprendizado diferente. Sendo assim, é necessário que se discuta sobre metodologias que consigam explorar essa diferença de conhecimento de forma a desenvolver cada estudante a partir do seu ponto particular de conhecimento. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do uso de técnicas de Computação Desplugada apoiadas pela teoria de aprendizagem Social Learning como uma alternativa para explorar essa diversidade.
Experiência com atividades desplugadas do Code.org na disciplina de Língua Estrangeira de uma Escola Estadual
Authors: Sassi Sabrina B. , Maciel Cristiano , Pereira Vinícius Carvalho
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência de ensino de conceitos sobre resolução de problemas e algoritmos para alunos de uma escola estadual de ensino fundamental e médio de Mato Grosso, realizada em aulas da disciplina de Língua Inglesa, com objetivo descrever a percepção da professora de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês quanto ao uso de atividades desplugadas em suas aulas. Foram realizadas duas atividades (Happy Maps e Move It, Move It), disponibilizadas pelo Code.org, tendo como metodologia a Computação Desplugada. Os resultados indicam grande participação dos alunos e a aceitação das atividades desplugadas tanto pela professora quanto pelos alunos.
The Mining Game: Um jogo para simular o processo de Mineração do algoritmo Proof of Work utilizado em Blockchain
Authors: Da Silva Levi , Alves Hanna , Souza Jerffeson
Published: September 2020

Blockchain engloba em sua definição muitos conceitos da computação, como criptografia, redes, algoritmos, entre outros. Transmitir ou aprender sobre essa tecnologia pode ser dificultoso. Portanto, para fomentar estratégias de ensino, utilizou-se da gamificação para fazer com que os jogadores compreendam um pouco melhor sobre o processo de Mineração em Blockchain. Este trabalho discorre sobre a elaboração e validação de um jogo físico que simula o funcionamento do algoritmo conhecido como Proof of Work (Prova de Trabalho) no qual os mineradores recebem recompensa ao atingir determinado objetivo.
Investigação da Rotina de Aprendizagem de Desenvolvedores de Software
Authors: Piccinin Geovane F. , Moro Mirella M.
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho descreve uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com profissionais desenvolvedores de software a respeito de suas rotinas de aprendizagem. Investigamos as percepções dos participantes sobre suas tarefas de aprendizagem e estratégias empregadas. Utilizamos um roteiro de entrevistas baseado no modelo de Autorregulação da Aprendizagem (Self-Regulated Learning). Os resultados indicam que a capacidade de aprender é crucial para esses profissionais e que suas rotinas muito se assemelham a de aprendizes autorregulados.
Elas na Ciência: Website com Jogos para Divulgar Personalidades Femininas
Authors: Milson Ana Luíza S. , Ribeiro Indra  Matsiendra C. D. , Andrade Izabela A. , Gonçalves Julia  M. M. , Laboissiere Luísa  M. , Ferreira Marcella  D. , Dalip Daniel  H. , Brandão Michele A. , Moro Mirella M.
Published: September 2020

Existe uma grande diferença na participação de homens e mulheres em diferentes setores da sociedade, incluindo acadêmico, mercado e doméstico. Por isso, diferentes estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para entender os principais fatores e soluções para tal cenário. Este trabalho contribui para minimizar essa discrepância ao desenvolver um website com jogos que permitem a divulgação de personalidades femininas das Ciências. Um teste de usabilidade foi conduzido, e os resultados mostram que o site e os jogos são atrativos e realmente capazes de ensinar sobre o tema abordado.
Representativeness of women in postgraduate programs in computer science in Brazil
Authors: Cordeiro Douglas Farias , Rocha Anelise Souza , Cassiano Kátia Kelvis , Da Silva Núbia Rosa
Published: September 2020

From the patriarchal gender culture, inequities emerge that are manifested in social and labor relations. Women still lead to disparities in participation and production of a scientific nature around the world, being more evident in technological areas. This paper presents an exploratory descriptive analysis of postgraduate teaching in Computer Science in Brazil, addressing aspects of representativeness by gender in that area. The results revealed that, despite the programs to encourage the participation of women in the areas of technology, in the last 15 years there has been a significant reduction in the proportionality of women in postgraduate teaching in Computer Science in Brazil. In addition, it opens discussions on issues of interest related to factors such as the predominant age group of women in the area, 40-69 years, suggesting research on the impact of other factors on active participation, such as motherhood, for example.
Análise da Participação Feminina na Faculdade de Computação do Campus Castanhal da Universidade Federal do Pará
Authors: Costa Rebeca Hilda Furtado , Silva Sara Das Mercês , Pires Yomara Pinheiro , Araújo Fabíola Pantoja O.
Published: September 2020

A partir de pesquisas, analisando os perfis de mulheres na área de computação, evidenciou-se a importância do conhecimento a cerca dessas ingressas para melhor entender o que e necessário para ampliar tal público na informática. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o perfil de gênero dos discentes da área de computação na UFPA-Castanhal. Ressaltando a importância do desenvolvimento de atividades de pesquisa e extensão que venham incentivar o ingresso de mulheres na computação.
Ensinando História da Computação com foco no protagonismo das mulheres com jogo Computasseia: Um relato de experiência com ingressantes de Engenharia de Software e Ciência da Computação
Authors: Pinheiro Valéria Maria , Alencar Ana Iza , Castelo Branco Karina , Fiori Maria Victória , Marques Anna Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Estratégias para potencializar a representatividade feminina em diversos contextos vêm sendo realizadas com o intuito de reduzir o preconceito sobre a atuação de mulheres na Ciência e Tecnologia. Este artigo relata uma experiência com o jogo Computasseia para divulgar o protagonismo das mulheres na Computação para estudantes ingressantes de cursos de Engenharia de Software e Ciência da Computação. Os resultados indicaram que o jogo contribuiu para o aumento sobre a percepção de aprendizado sobre as personalidades femininas da Computação após o uso do jogo.
Introdução à lógica de programação no ensino fundamental: uma análise da experiência de alunas com Code.org
Authors: Fiori Maria Victoria Soares , Rocha Marina  Da Silva , Branco Karina   Castelo , Marques Anna Beatriz Rosangela
Published: September 2020

Pensamento computacional e o raciocínio lógico aumentam a capacidade de deduções e resoluções de problemas, sendo importante o seu aprendizado nos primeiros anos escolares. Esse fato, motivou a experiência de introdução de conceitos de lógica de programação no ensino fundamental. Para isso apresenta-se uma experiência com a plataforma Code.org com 91 estudantes, sendo 45 meninas, dos anos finais do ensino fundamental (6º e 7º ano). Neste artigo, focaremos na análise da experiência do uso da plataforma do ponto de vista das alunas. O objetivo da experiência foi apresentar comandos básicos de programação,oferecendo aos estudantes mecanismos para a resolução de desafios. A experiência utilizou um questionário fornecido pelo modelo MEEGA+ KIDS.
Avaliação de Desempenho de um Sistema de Programação Paralela Baseado em Tarefas Assíncronas
Authors: Bélo Denilson Souza , Sato Liria , Midorikawa Edson
Published: September 2020

Atualmente há uma disseminação pela exploração eficiente de recursos de processamento em computação paralela, incluindo coprocessadores e recursos remotos. A programação paralela ainda hoje é uma tarefa complexa, pois exige o entendimento das estratégias de paralelização. Esta dificuldade se torna ainda maior com a necessidade da exploração de recursos heterogêneos. Este artigo apresenta a avaliação de desempenho do sistema RTE, que oferece uma interface comum de programação paralela baseada em tarefas assíncronas a serem executadas em recursos de processamento heterogêneos. A avaliação foi realizada através de uma aplicação de Bioinformática para análise do genoma de diversos animais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o RTE facilita a tarefa de desenvolvimento e a aplicação implementada com RTE apresentou um desempenho similar à aplicação usando a interface MPI.
Do Impacto das Syscalls Linux em Tarefas de Tempo Real
Authors: Tessele Benhur , De Oliveira Romulo Silva , Koliver Cristian
Published: September 2020

Apesar do uso crescente do Linux como o sistema operacional utilizado em aplicações embarcadas de tempo real, muitos serviços do kernel possuem características diferenciadas de funcionamento em relação a outros sistemas operacionais padrão POSIX e que podem influenciar sobremaneira o desempenho das aplicações de tempo-real. Neste artigo, descrevemos os resultados obtidos utilizando a ferramenta Perf para algumas situações típicas que ocorrem em aplicações de tempo real. Nosso estudo mostra que a solução ou mitigação de gargalos identificados exige do projetista, em boa parte dos casos, um conhecimento mais profundo do funcionamento do kernel do Linux.
MANNA-WUI: Um nó sensor versátil para a Internet das Coisas
Authors: Bine Wuigor Ivens Siqueira , Ruiz Linnyer
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e avaliar a performance do dispositivo MANNA-WUI nos ambientes urbanos e não urbanos em termos da distância máxima alcançada para transmissão de dados e consumo energético. Este dispositivo é um nó sensor genérico que fornece maior capacidade de processamento e utiliza tecnologia LoRa para transmissões de longa distância. Ele baseia-se nos desafios da área de Internet das Coisas, que envolvem a instalação de objetos inteligentes em áreas não urbanas, e a pouca capacidade de processamento nos existentes. Os resultados dos testes realizados foram satisfatórios para transmissão de dados a longa distância em áreas não-urbanas chegando a 18 Km e seu consumo energético no modo sleep de 13,2 µW.
Avaliação de Disponibilidade de uma Arquitetura de Computação de Borda com Redes de Petri Estocásticas
Authors: Brito Carlos , Rodrigues Laécio , Fé Iure , Leoni Guto , Silva Francisco Airton
Published: September 2020

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) emerged as an alternative to reduce network latency by bringing the data processing close to the users. This proximity requires that the service is available most of the time. Trying to assess the availability of such systems in real contexts requires high costs. This paper uses Stochastic Petri Nets (SPNs) to assess the availability of an MEC architecture, seeking to avoid premature investment in real equipment. In addition, this work presents a sensitivity analysis that identifies the most critical components of architecture. This work has the potential to assist administrators in redefining the most optimized MEC architectures by decreasing the risk of failure.
Robotization and Welfare Trends in Future
Authors: Kencebay Belma
Published: September 2020

There are concerns over the present and possible future impact of new advancements like robots and artificial intelligence on welfare. Experts from different fields including science and business have been concentrating on how new developments may affect the job market, and more broadly how new advancements will influence the society. It would be easy to get support for the use of robots for the tasks which are too difficult or too dangerous for humans. What is the capital owners’ focus at that point? What are the economic and social consequences of robotization? In this chapter, literature review including the recent thoughts on how developments in robotics may cause major changes in welfare distribution and revolutionary economic changes is presented.
Soliton and Rogue-Wave Solutions of Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation - Part 2
Authors: Guo-Quan Zhou
Published: September 2020

A revised and rigorously proved inverse scattering transform (IST for brevity) for DNLS+ equation, with a constant nonvanishing boundary condition (NVBC) and normal group velocity dispersion, is proposed by introducing a suitable affine parameter in the Zakharov-Shabat IST integral; the explicit breather-type and pure N-soliton solutions had been derived by some algebra techniques. On the other hand, DNLS equation with a non-vanishing background of harmonic plane wave is also solved by means of Hirota’s bilinear formalism. Its space periodic solutions are determined, and its rogue wave solution is derived as a long-wave limit of this space periodic solution.
Role of Subcellular ROS in Providing Resilience to Vascular Endothelium
Authors: R. Aldosari Sarah , A. Awad Maan , W. Sellke Frank , Ruhul Abid Md.
Published: September 2020

For decades, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including myocardial ischemia and infarction (MI). However, several large clinical trials failed to demonstrate beneficial outcomes in response to the global reduction of ROS in patients with underlying CVD. Recent studies from our and other labs showed that it is rather a critical balance between mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS than total ROS levels which determines resilience of coronary endothelial cells (EC). Here, we will discuss published and unpublished work that has helped elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which subcellular ROS levels, duration and localization modulate metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, energy production and utilization, and dNTP synthesis in EC. These redox-regulated processes play critical roles in providing resilience to EC which in turn help protect existing coronary vessels and induce coronary angiogenesis to improve post-MI recovery of cardiac function.
Neurobehavioral, Cognitive, and Paroxysmal Disorders in the Long-Term Period of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zavadenko Nikolay , Nesterovskiy Yuriy , Kholin Alexey , Vorobyeva Irina
Published: September 2020

The consequences of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents represent a major medical and social problem, as TBI interferes in the normal processes of neuroontogenesis. Brain damage in TBI in children and adolescents occurs during the ongoing processes of its growth and maturation, and therefore the clinical course and outcomes may differ significantly from those in adults. Poor outcomes of TBI sustained in early childhood may be explained considerably by the timing of injury in a period of rapid brain and behavioral development. Thus, TBI has a negative impact on the cognitive function development, behavior, school education, and social skills acquisition. Cognitive and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents in the long-term period of TBI become more prominent in co-occurrence with paroxysmal disorders, including posttraumatic headaches, posttraumatic epilepsy, and subclinical epileptiform activity on the EEG. In general, a favorable outcome is possible in children more often than adults even after severe TBI, due to the high neuroplasticity of the developing brain. Therapeutic and rehabilitation measures in the long-term period of TBI in children and adolescents should be intensively carried out both in the first 12 months after TBI, when the most significant results from their use are expected, and in the long-term period, considering the ongoing processes of morpho-functional maturation and neuroplasticity mechanisms.
A Review on Kentucky Bluegrass Responses and Tolerance to Drought Stress
Authors: Cui Jian , Shah Saud , Fahad Shah , Chen Yajun
Published: September 2020

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an excellent cool-season turfgrass and is extensively used in urban green space, parks and sports fields worldwide, but it is sensitive to drought stress. Drought reduces turf quality of Kentucky bluegrass by influences on the shoot density, texture, uniformity, color, growth habit and recuperative capacity. It has been a challenge for breeding water saving cultivars and enhances water use efficiency in Kentucky bluegrass. Many studies have revealed the mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass via multiple approaches. The morphological and physiological attributes as well as molecular information were discovered for better understanding and improving its drought tolerance. In this chapter, we will draw a systematic literature review about Kentucky bluegrass in response to drought stress and provide future perspectives of Kentucky bluegrass drought resistance research.
Modeling the Factors That Affect Work Accidents with Binary Logistic Regression: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Alkan Ömer , Gültekin Sena
Published: September 2020

Work accidents remain important worldwide. Work accidents and diseases influence the whole country economically, socially, and psychologically. The aim of this study was to determine the socio-demographic and economic factors that were influential for individuals in Turkey who experienced work accidents resulting in injuries. In this study, the Turkey Health Survey microdata set conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute was employed including data from 35,019 employees who participated in the survey between 2008 and 2016. The factors affecting individuals’ work accidents were determined by binary logistic regression analysis. According to analysis results, it was determined that the variables of gender, age, education, occupation, health, psycho-social support/being depressed, and use of alcohol have an impact on individuals having work accidents. Methods such as young employees receiving a good education, individuals completing their education before starting working, early intervention in diseases by regular employee check-ups, the reduction of stress in employees’ working life, reduction of the negative effects of the job environment on employees, preservation of a healthy work-life balance, and supporting employees in their attempt to give up various bad habits such as smoking through rehabilitation can play significant roles in reducing work accidents.
Evaluation of a Novel Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay Model to Detect E2 Antigen and Antibodies Against Core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 Antigens of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Kargar Kheirabad Ali , Nategh Rakhshandeh , Shokri Fazel , Razavi Pashabeyg Kobra , Norouzi Mehdi
Published: September 2020

Background: The serological measurement of the anti‐hepatitis C virus antibody is a widely used tool in the first-line diagnosis of HCV infection. Therefore, increasing the testing criteria of these tests is of crucial importance for screening HCV infection. Objectives: The current study aimed to optimize a novel enzyme-linked immuno assay model to detect E2 antigen with or without sample pretreatment in combination with antibodies against core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens of the hepatitis C virus and to compare the performances of these assays with indirect antigen (Ag), biotin/HRP labeled Antigen Sandwich and methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for their ability to detect HCV. Methods: A total of 107 positive and 415 negative controls from volunteer whole blood donors in Blood Transfusion Organization and 204 blood samples from patients under hemodialysis treatment in Tehran and Bandar Abbas hemodialysis centers are investigated. Six different methods of ELISA test were used to detect anti-HCV antibodies and/or HCV antigens in serum samples. Results: Regarding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, E2 Antigen detection alone or combined with antibody detection have the highest accuracy value (99% and 98%, respectively) compared to other methods for antibodies detection. The results of the combined Ag/Ab ELISA test were closer to the results of real-time PCR. Conclusions: This new approach to the detection of antigen and antigen/antibody has better performance criteria concerning the serologic detection of HCV, especially in HD patients who might experience a longer window period.
Video v učitelském vzdělávání: přístupy a výzvy
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Černá Monika , Najvar Petr , Samková Libuše , Rokos Lukáš , Petr Jan
Published: September 2020

Přehledová studie zpracovává aktuální domácí a zahraniční přístupy k využívání videa v učitelském vzdělávání. Poukazuje na kontinuitu vývoje, kdy se videozáznamy původně pořizované pro výzkumné účely v přibývající míře používají v přípravném a dalším vzdělávání učitelů. Přehledová studie je rozvržena do čtyř částí. V první části je pojednán kontext učitelského vzdělávání, v němž se videa používají, a je zde představeno devět vybraných přístupů, které jsou v odborné literatuře zdokumentovány. Ve druhé části jsou zodpovídány čtyři otázky, které si přehledová studie klade: (1) Jak je daný přístup začleněn do rámcové koncepce učitelského vzdělávání / podpory profesního rozvoje? (2) Jaké cíle/účely stojí v základu daného přístupu? (3) Jaké komponenty jsou součástí celku a jakou plní funkci? (4) Jaké konkrétní aktivity (uživatelů, popř. tutorů či tvůrců) jsou s videem v rámci přístupu realizovány a co se jimi má rozvíjet? Ve třetí části přehledové studie jsou diskutovány výzvy, které se v dané oblasti objevují, jakkoliv ještě mnohdy nejsou reflektovány v související odborné literatuře. Jedná se o možnosti využití virtuální reality a 360o videí a o možnostech simulované a inscenované výuky jako alternativě videozáznamů – to vše v etických souvislostech využívání videa v učitelském vzdělávání. Čtvrtá část přehledové studie je výhledem, který se pokouší odpovědět na otázku, zda lze formulovat určitá měkká doporučení (guidelines), která by mohla vést vývoj v této oblasti.Přehledová studie zpracovává aktuální domácí a zahraniční přístupy k využívání videa v učitelském vzdělávání. Poukazuje na kontinuitu vývoje, kdy se videozáznamy původně pořizované pro výzkumné účely v přibývající míře používají v přípravném a dalším vzdělávání učitelů. Přehledová studie je rozvržena do čtyřčástí. V prvníčásti je pojednánkontext učitelského vzdělávání, v němžse videa používají, a je zde představeno devět vybranýchpřístupů, kteréjsou v odbornéliteratuře zdokumentovány. Ve druhéčásti jsou zodpovídányčtyři otázky, kterési přehledovástudie klade: (1) Jak je danýpřístup začleněn do rámcovékoncepce učitelského vzdělávání / podpory profesního rozvoje? (2) Jaké cíle/účely stojí v základu daného přístupu? (3) Jaké komponenty jsou součástí celku a jakou plní funkci? (4) Jaké konkrétní aktivity (uživatelů, popř. tutorů či tvůrců) jsou s videem v rámci přístupu realizovány a co se jimi má rozvíjet? Vetřetíčásti přehledovéstudie jsou diskutovány výzvy, kterése v danéoblasti objevují, jakkoliv ještěmnohdy nejsou reflektovány v souvisejícíodbornéliteratuře. Jednáse o možnosti využitívirtuálníreality a 360o videí a o možnostech simulované a inscenované výuky jako alternativě videozáznamů – to vše v etických souvislostech využívání videa v učitelském vzdělávání. Čtvrtá část přehledové studie je výhledem, který se pokouší odpovědět na otázku, zda lze formulovat určitá měkká doporučení (guidelines), která by mohla vést vývoj v této oblasti.
Přípravné vzdělávání a profesní rozvoj učitelů v Číně
Authors: Walterová Eliška , Šťastný Vít
Published: September 2020

V současných diskuzích patří podpora učitelů jako klíčových aktérů kvalitního vzdělávání pro všechny ke globálním cílům udržitelného rozvoje. Cílem studie je představit systém vzdělávání a profesního rozvoje učitelů v kontextu vzdělávacích reforem v Číně, kde podpora učitelů je politickou prioritou vlády. Metodologicky je studie založena převážně na desk-research, má deskriptivně analytický charakter (srovnávání je implicitní). V centru pozornosti je kontinuita přípravy a profesního rozvoje učitelů na národní (centrální) úrovni s exkurzemi do úrovně provinční a lokální. Soustřeďujeme se na strukturu a kurikulum přípravného vzdělávání, přechod do praxe, profesní standardy a kariérní řád, na činnosti čínských učitelů ve škole a cyklické hodnocení jejich profesního rozvoje. V závěrečné diskusi jsou reflektovány charakteristické přístupy k učitelské profesi ve specifických podmínkách kulturně a typologicky odlišného vzdělávacího systému.
Educational attainment, political sophistication and anti-immigrant attitudes
Authors: van der Heijden Eva , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: September 2020

Among a national sample of Dutch respondents (N = 1,155), this study examined whether the belief configuration of personal political orientation differs for individual level of education, and how it is related to negative attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and refugee policies. In agreement with the ideological sophistication perspective, the endorsement of social conformity and the acceptance of group-based inequality were found to be more strongly part of the political orientation of higher compared to the lower educated participants. Furthermore, the endorsement of social conformity and acceptance of group-based inequality were associated with more negative feelings toward immigrants and more negative attitudes toward policies in relation to refugees. These findings add to the existing literature that has predominantly examined education and political orientation as two independent correlates of anti-immigrant and refugee attitudes.
Comparison of population densities of selected bird species breeding in main urban habitats in southwestern Poland
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

A simplified version of the territory mapping method was used. Four counts were conducted in a fragment of the city of Wrocław in the spring and early summer 2010. Two main urban habitats were distinguished: a densely built-up area with block buildings and a residential area with flat houses. In total, 44 bird species were recorded as breeding in the whole study area. Five species nested in a density higher than 10 pairs per 100 ha each: Columba palumbus, Pica pica, Streptopelia decaocto, Sylvia atricapilla, and Turdus merula. Whereas in the densely built-up areas Columba palumbus and Streptopelia decaocto were equally common, in the residential area Streptopelia decaocto was almost three times more common than Columba palumbus. Pica pica was about three times more common than Corvus cornix both in the builtup areas and in the residential areas. Although densely built-up areas and residential areas have a similar species composition, many species breed in different densities. This is probably due to a different structure of vegetation. While tall trees are relatively common and shrubs rare in the densely built-up areas, the reverse situation prevails in residential areas.
[“Through the virtue of waters”: Mineral ores and springs in Vannoccio Biringuccio’s Pirotechnia (1540)]
Authors: Luzzini Francesco
Published: September 2020

[Paper in Italian]
“Per la vertù propria dell’acque”. Vene minerali e sorgenti nella Pirotechnia di Vannoccio Biringuccio (1540)
Accostarsi alla storia della scienza - tutta - significa fare i conti con un groviglio di contingenze e sfumature culturali, sociali, economiche, geografiche, politiche, religiose, che del progresso scientifico sono al tempo stesso fattore scatenante e prodotto.
Integrated Water Resources Management in the Maltese Islands
Authors: Sapiano Manuel
Published: September 2020

The Maltese islands present a case of extreme natural freshwater resources unavailability where available resources are not sufficient to sustainably meet the national water demand. This due to the islands’ semi-arid climatic conditions and small land-mass which preclude the formation of surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes. In fact, the island’s fragile groundwater bodies are the only naturally renewable freshwater systems available for the development of water supply resources. Furthermore, the islands high population density results in a high specific demand for water to address the requirements of the population, their economic activities and water dependent ecosystems. In order to address these challenging conditions Malta has developed an integrated water management framework based on the conjunctive use of water supply augmentation and water demand management measures. Under this framework, Malta promotes the application of Non Conventional Water Resources such as the desalination of sea-water and the reclamation of wastewaters to supplement natural freshwater resources. The application of Non Conventional Water Resources enables national water demands to be met, whilst ensuring the sustainable use of natural freshwater resources. Water Demand Management measures ensure that water use is kept at highly efficient levels, thereby reducing the need for the production of water from these additional alternative resources. The development of this water management framework is outlined in Malta’s 2nd River Basin Management Plan. It therefore supports the achievement of the EU’s Water Framework Directive’s environmental objectives in the Malta River Basin District. Its integrated context also supports Malta’s adaptation efforts to climate change, whose impacts are expected to further exacerbate the water challenges facing the island. Malta’s water management experience highlights the importance of the development and implementation of integrated water management frameworks. The effective protection of natural freshwater resources such as the islands’ groundwater resources cannot be ensured if these are addressed in isolation but can only be achieved through the application of such integrated frameworks which addresses the sustainability and security of water supply on a national basis.
The coastal wetland systems of northern Tuscany: Massaciuccoli Lake and ex Porta Lake. State of knowledge and new opportunities for multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Da Prato Simone , Baneschi Ilaria
Published: September 2020

The Massaciuccoli lake of and the ex Porta Lake have been selected as Sites of Importance of the European Community for the particular biocommunities that they host. These areas have a complex history that has seen man intervening constantly over the centuries with reclamation operations, so that the landscape we see today is the result of a natural environment strongly shaped by man. Recent studies, conducted using a sequential stratigraphic approach, show that the depositional architecture of the Versilia Plain is determined by the variation in relative sea level, the amount of sedimentary input and the erosive capacity of the main watercourses, which have led to the formation of engraved paleovalleys. By using the stratigraphies collected in the IGGDATABASE, an attempt of stratigraphic reconstruction of the subsurface has been carried out in this work, underling that multidisciplinary detailed studies are necessary to better define the recent palaeoenvironmental evolution (Pleistocene-Holocene) and the depositional architecture of the subsurface of these areas. Moreover, a detailed monitoring of these systems both for abiotic and biotic parameters is needed as essential mean for their protection and preservation.
Effectiveness of Three Scalpel Debridement Techniques on Painful Callus in Older People
Authors: Garcia Caleb Araguas , Soler Francisco Corbi
Published: September 2020

Background

Plantar hyperkeratotic lesions are prevalent foot problems in the older population, affecting 30% to 65% of people older than 65 years. Their onset is a common cause of foot pain due to the release of inflammatory mediators. Because of its simplicity, scalpel debridement is the most common treatment. We assessed how the degree of plantar hyperkeratosis debridement affects self-perception of pain in older people.

Methods

Three hundred older participants (mean ± SD age, 76.3 ± 7.4 years) were randomly allocated to receive full debridement (FD) of plantar hyperkeratoses, partial debridement (PD) of plantar hyperkeratoses, or debridement simulation (control group). Plantar hyperkeratotic pain was measured on a visual analog scale before treatment, just after treatment, 24 hours after treatment, and 7 days after treatment.

Results

Both FD and PD of plantar hyperkeratoses of the forefoot generate similar levels of self-perception of pain just after treatment (P = .32), 24 hours after treatment (P = .15), and 7 days after treatment (P = .22). Significant differences were found between the groups treated using a scalpel (FD and PD) and the control group just after treatment (P = .04 for FD; P = .05 for PD), 24 hours after treatment (P = .03 for FD; P = .04 for PD), and 7 days after treatment (P = .04 for FD and PD).

Conclusions

The results of this trial suggest that there are no significant differences in pain reduction between PD and FD of forefoot plantar hyperkeratoses in older people.
A Novel Use of Umbilical Perinatal Graft in Subungual Exostosis Resection
Authors: Goez Juan Carlos , Kilfoil Roger Lee , Wang Chen-An , Sax Zachary , Arif Farzana
Published: September 2020

Nail pathologies have a broad range of origin and may sometimes be complicated in presentation or clinical course, specifically when the pathology remains recalcitrant after treatment. In this case report we discuss a pathologic disorder that was initially misdiagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma surrounding an ingrown nail but was later found to be a benign neoplastic bone growth, Dupuytren exostosis, also known as a subungual exostosis. Operative treatment was deemed appropriate for the patient, and the exostosis was resected, leaving a soft-tissue void at the distal toe. The remaining void was filled with a perinatal graft, the use of which has been deemed effective anecdotally in both chronic and acute lower-extremity wounds but has not been widely discussed in the lower-extremity literature. This graft was placed to aid in wound healing over a potentially difficult wound bed. As amniotic, chorionic, and umbilical grafts become more prevalent in lower-extremity surgery, its antitumor effects should be further explored and published. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, of the successful use of a perinatal graft in the setting of a bone tumor, and it demonstrates that certain benign neoplasms can be treated with resection and placement of a perinatal graft while helping to prevent chronic wounds at surgical sites.
Dynamic and Stabilometric Analysis After Syndesmosis Injuries
Authors: Taskesen Anil , Okkaoglu Mustafa Caner , Demirkale Ismail , Haberal Bahtiyar , Yaradilmis Ugur , Altay Murat
Published: September 2020

Background

Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis contributes to dynamic stability of the ankle joint and thereby affects gait cycle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the grade of syndesmosis injury on plantar pressure distribution and dynamic parameters of the foot.

Methods

Grade of syndesmosis injury was determined by preoperative plain radiographic evaluation, intraoperative hook test, or external rotation stress test under fluoroscopic examination, and two groups were created: group 1, patients with grade III syndesmosis injury (n = 17); and group 2, patients with grade II syndesmosis injury (n = 10). At the last visit, radiologic and clinical assessment using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score was performed. Dynamic and stabilometric analysis was carried out at least 1 year after surgery.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years (range, 17–80 years), and the mean follow-up was 16 months (range, 12–24 months). No statistically significant difference was noted between two groups regarding Foot and Ankle Outcome Score. The comparison of stabilometric and dynamic analysis revealed no significant difference between grade II and grade III injuries (P > .05). However, comparison of the data of patients with grade III syndesmosis injury between injured and healthy feet showed a significant difference for dynamic maximum and mean pressures (P = .035 and P = .49, respectively).

Conclusions

Syndesmosis injury does not affect stance phase but affects the gait cycle by generating increased pressures on the uninjured foot and decreased pressures on the injured foot. With the help of pedobarography, processing suitable orthopedic insoles for the injured foot and interceptive measures for overloading of the normal foot may prevent later consequences of ankle trauma.
The role of cochlear place coding in the perception of frequency modulation
Authors: Whiteford Kelly L , Kreft Heather A , Oxenham Andrew J
Published: September 2020

Natural sounds convey information via frequency and amplitude modulations (FM and AM). Humans are acutely sensitive to the slow rates of FM that are crucial for speech and music. This sensitivity has long been thought to rely on precise stimulus-driven auditory-nerve spike timing (time code), whereas a coarser code, based on variations in the cochlear place of stimulation (place code), represents faster FM rates. We tested this theory in listeners with normal and impaired hearing, spanning a wide range of place-coding fidelity. Contrary to predictions, sensitivity to both slow and fast FM correlated with place-coding fidelity. We also used incoherent AM on two carriers to simulate place coding of FM and observed poorer sensitivity at high carrier frequencies and fast rates, two properties of FM detection previously ascribed to the limits of time coding. The results suggest a unitary place-based neural code for FM across all rates and carrier frequencies.
Social influence on the effectiveness of virtual fencing in sheep
Authors: Marini Danila , Kearton Tellisa , Ouzman Jackie , Llewellyn Rick , Belson Sue , Lee Caroline
Published: September 2020

Early virtual fencing trials have effectively contained small groups of sheep within set areas of a paddock when all animals were wearing manual electronic collars. With sheep farming commonly involving large flocks, a potential cost-effective application of virtual fencing would involve applying equipment to only a proportion of the flock. In this study, we tested the ability of virtual fencing to control a small flock of sheep with differing proportions of the group exposed to the virtual fence (VF). Thirty-six Merino sheep were identified as leaders, middle or followers by moving them through a laneway. The sheep were then allocated to groups balanced for order of movement. The groups (n = 9 per group) included applying the VF to the following proportions of animals within each group: (1) 100% (n = 9 VF) (2) 66% (n = 6 VF;n = 3 no VF) (3) 33% (n = 3 VF;n = 6 no VF) (4) 0% (no VF; free to roam the paddock). The groups were given access to their own paddock (80 × 20 m) for two consecutive days, six hours per day, with the VF groups prevented from entering an exclusion zone that covered 50% of the north side of the paddock. During these hours, VF interactions, behavioural time budgets, and body temperature were recorded as measures of stress, and location was tracked with GPS. Group 100% VF and Control were tested on the first two days and groups 33% VF and 66% VF were tested on the following two days. During VF implementation the 100% VF and 66% VF group were successfully prevented from entering the exclusion zone. Having only 33% of the flock exposed to the virtual fence was not successful, with the sheep pushing forward through the VF to join flock mates in the exclusion zone. For learning to respond to the audio cue, sheep in the 33% group received more electrical stimuli with a 0.51 proportion for the ratio of electrical stimuli to audio cue, compared to 0.22 and 0.28 for the 100% and 66% groups, respectively. There were small differences in behavioural patterns of standing and lying on both days of testing, with the 100% VF and 66% VF groups spending more time lying. Although stress-induced hyperthermia did not occur in any of the VF groups, body temperature differed in the 33% VF group. There were no differences in temperature measures between the control and 100% VF animals. This study demonstrates that for a short period, controlling two-thirds of the flock was equally as effective as virtually fencing all animals, while controlling one-third of a flock with a virtual fence was not effective. For the short term, it appears that implementing the VF to a proportion of the flock can be an effective method of containment. Due to the limitations of this study, these results warrant further testing with larger flocks and for longer periods.
MULTI-DEEP: A novel CAD system for coronavirus (COVID-19) diagnosis from CT images using multiple convolution neural networks
Authors: Attallah Omneya , Ragab Dina A. , Sharkas Maha
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) was first observed in Wuhan, China, and quickly propagated worldwide. It is considered the supreme crisis of the present era and one of the most crucial hazards threatening worldwide health. Therefore, the early detection of COVID-19 is essential. The common way to detect COVID-19 is the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, although it has several drawbacks. Computed tomography (CT) scans can enable the early detection of suspected patients, however, the overlap between patterns of COVID-19 and other types of pneumonia makes it difficult for radiologists to diagnose COVID-19 accurately. On the other hand, deep learning (DL) techniques and especially the convolutional neural network (CNN) can classify COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases. In addition, DL techniques that use CT images can deliver an accurate diagnosis faster than the RT-PCR test, which consequently saves time for disease control and provides an efficient computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. The shortage of publicly available datasets of CT images, makes the CAD system’s design a challenging task. The CAD systems in the literature are based on either individual CNN or two-fused CNNs; one used for segmentation and the other for classification and diagnosis. In this article, a novel CAD system is proposed for diagnosing COVID-19 based on the fusion of multiple CNNs. First, an end-to-end classification is performed. Afterward, the deep features are extracted from each network individually and classified using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Next, principal component analysis is applied to each deep feature set, extracted from each network. Such feature sets are then used to train an SVM classifier individually. Afterward, a selected number of principal components from each deep feature set are fused and compared with the fusion of the deep features extracted from each CNN. The results show that the proposed system is effective and capable of detecting COVID-19 and distinguishing it from non-COVID-19 cases with an accuracy of 94.7%, AUC of 0.98 (98%), sensitivity 95.6%, and specificity of 93.7%. Moreover, the results show that the system is efficient, as fusing a selected number of principal components has reduced the computational cost of the final model by almost 32%.
Collect, connect, upscale: Towards coordinated monitoring of migratory shorebirds in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Fuller Richard A. , Jackson Micha V. , Amano Tatsuya , Choi Chi-Yeung , Clemens Robert S. , Hansen Birgita D. , Lin Da-Li , Steven Rochelle , Woodworth Bradley K.
Published: September 2020

Monitoring migratory species can be extremely challenging. For example, millions of migratory shorebirds migrate from breeding grounds in northern China, Mongolia and Russia to East Asia and Australasia each year, traversing more than 20 countries while on migration. Studies within individual nations have identified rapid declines in many species, yet progress toward a fully unified scheme for continuous tracking of population change at the scale of the entire East Asian-Australasian Flyway has been slow. To reflect on lessons learned and consider how further progress might be made, we review some of the factors that have limited the full emergence of shorebird monitoring in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, including fragmentation among multiple databases, low data readiness, inadequate metadata and gaps in survey coverage. We conclude that while technical solutions for many of these issues do exist, the biggest challenge is to navigate the significant organisational, socio-cultural and resourcing contexts of those people doing the monitoring. Technical solutions alone will not create a cohesive network of people whose local efforts are pooled to create robust flyway-scale monitoring.