bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KIỂM CHUẨN THỦ THUẬT ĐO ÁP LỰC THỰC QUẢN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH SUY HÔ HẤP CẤP TIẾN TRIỂN
Authors: Nguyễn Ngọc Tú , Triệu Hoàng Kim Ngân , Phạm Chí Thành , Phạm Đoàn Gia Khang , Nguyễn Phú Nhất , Đặng Lê Minh Khang , Trần Thanh Linh , Phạm Thị Ngọc Thảo
Published: March 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Đo áp lực thực quản (Pes) ở người bệnh suy hô hấp cấp tiến triển (ARDS) hiện nay có nhiều ứng dụng trên lâm sàng. Để đảm bảo chính xác, cần có quy trình và kiểm chuẩn. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định đặc điểm phương pháp kiểm tra tắc nghẽn trong kiểm chuẩn vị trí, thể tích bóng. Từ đó góp phần xây dựng quy trình kỹ thuật đo áp lực thực quản ở bệnh nhân thông khí nhân tạo xâm nhập. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu quan sát tiến cứu. Tiêu chuẩn chọn là bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán ARDS mức độ trung bình, nặng theo tiêu chuẩn Berlin 2012 có thông khí nhân tạo xâm nhập, nhập khoa Hồi sức cấp cứu Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ tháng 11 năm 2021 đến tháng 12 năm 2023. Kết quả: Có 46 bệnh nhân được đưa vào nghiên cứu. Ống thông đo áp lực thực quản được đặt có trung vị là 1 (1 – 1,5) lần, số lần đặt ống thông đo áp lực thực quản lại nhiều nhất là 4 lần. Thời gian đặt có trung vị 5 (3 – 6) phút. ∆Paw/∆Pes trong kiểm tra tắc nghẽn áp lực dương có giá trị trung vị là 0,93 (0,89 – 0,95). Kết luận: Đo áp lực thực quản trong thông khí nhân tạo là một thủ thuật có thể thực hiện ngay tại giường bệnh. Tuy nhiên, để tránh sai số kết quả cần đặt bóng đúng vị trí, hiệu chuẩn và các bước đo đạc phải được thực hiện theo một quy trình kỹ thuật.
PHÂN TÍCH CHI PHÍ – HIỆU QUẢ CỦA EDOXABAN SO VỚI CÁC PHÁC ĐỒ CHUẨN TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ THUYÊN TẮC HUYẾT KHỐI TĨNH MẠCH THEO QUAN ĐIỂM CƠ QUAN CHI TRẢ BẢO HIỂM Y TẾ VIỆT NAM
Authors: Võ Ngọc Yến Nhi , Nguyễn Thúy Hằng , Võ Thúy Hằng , Trần Cát Đông
Published: March 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Edoxaban, thuốc chống đông máu đường uống mới, được Cục Quản lý Thực phẩm và Dược phẩm Hoa Kỳ chấp thuận trong điều trị thuyên tắc huyết khối tĩnh mạch (VTE) vì những ưu điểm nổi bật về hiệu quả và an toàn [1]. Tuy nhiên, giống như các thuốc kháng đông đường uống khác, chi phí thuốc cao là rào cản trong việc chỉ định thuốc trên lâm sàng. Do đó, tính chi phí – hiệu quả (CP-HQ) của edoxaban cần được đánh giá nhằm xem xét các chính sách y tế phù hợp giúp tăng khả năng tiếp cận điều trị của người bệnh trong bối cảnh ngân sách y tế hạn hẹp. Hiện nay, tại Việt Nam, tính CP-HQ của edoxaban vẫn chưa được nghiên cứu đầy đủ. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Phân tích CP-HQ với thiết kế mô hình hóa bằng mô hình Markov trên quan điểm cơ quan chi trả Bảo hiểm y tế (BHYT). Các tham số đầu vào của mô hình được phân tích dựa trên thu thập dữ liệu từ các nghiên cứu lâm sàng, tổng quan y văn, tham vấn ý kiến chuyên gia và kết quả đấu thầu thuốc tại thời điểm tiến hành nghiên cứu. Kết quả: LMWH/edoxaban giúp tăng số năm sống có chất lượng (QALY) so với rivaroxaban và LMWH/dabigatran với giá trị lần lượt 0,032 và 0,042 QALY, đồng thời giúp tiết kiệm lần lượt 0,82 triệu và 0,65 triệu VND trên toàn thời gian sống của người bệnh. Kết luận: Theo quan điểm cơ quan chi trả BHYT, LMWH/edoxaban vượt trội so với rivaroxaban và LMWH/dabigatran trong điều trị VTE.
ĐÁNH GIÁ HỒI PHỤC TỔN THƯƠNG THẦN KINH TỦY SỐNG SAU PHẪU THUẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ CHẤN THƯƠNG CỘT SỐNG NGỰC CAO TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT ĐỨC
Authors: Ngô Thanh Tú , Nguyễn Lê Bảo Tiến , Võ Văn Thanh , Phạm Hồng Phong , Nguyễn Vũ Công Bảo Long , Nguyễn Viết Lực , Nguyễn Duy Linh , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Liễu
Published: March 2024

Chấn thương tủy sống có thể dẫn đến mất một phần hoặc hoàn toàn chức năng vận động và cảm giác dưới mức chấn thương. Đối với chấn thương tủy sống ngực, phẫu thuật thường được thực hiện để giải phóng chèn ép và làm vững cột sống để tạo điều kiện phục hồi tổn thương thần kinh1. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng tổn thương tủy hoàn toàn sau phẫu thuật cột sống ngực chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất với 60,4%, trong khi tổn thương tủy không hoàn toàn chiếm 27,1%. Cải thiện sau phẫu thuật được quan sát thấy với tỷ lệ rối loạn cơ tròn giảm từ 72,9% xuống còn 54,2%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật giải ép và cố định cột sống ngực cao đem lại sự phục hồi chức năng thần kinh đáng kể ở bệnh nhân bị tổn thương tủy không hoàn toàn, nhưng không mấy hiệu quả đối với những bệnh nhân có tổn thương tủy hoàn toàn.
BIỂU HIỆN PDL-1 TRONG UNG THƯ TẾ BÀO GAI HỐC MIỆNG
Authors: Trương Hải Ninh , Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Đặng Huy Quốc Thịnh , Đoàn Thị Phương Thảo , Thái Thanh Trúc
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát biểu hiện của PD-L1 trong ung thư tế bào gai hốc miệng (UTHM) và mối liên quan với lâm sàng, giải phẫu bệnh, và sự kháng xạ theo dõi sau 5 năm. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu đoàn hệ trên 157 bệnh nhân UTHM tại bệnh viện Ung bướu TP. HCM. Ghi nhận các đặc điểm lâm sàng và quá trình điều trị trong hồ sơ bệnh án. Cắt lát mẫu bệnh phẩm đã vùi nến, nhuộm HE và nhuộm hóa mô miễn dịch kháng thể kháng PD-L1. Theo dõi thời gian sống còn không tiến triển (PFS) trong 5 năm. Đối với bệnh nhân được xạ trị với tổng liều ≥ 50 Gy, PFS < 2 năm được xem là kháng xạ, PFS ≥ 2 năm là có đáp ứng xạ. Kết quả: PD-L1 biểu hiện trong 60,5% trường hợp, có liên quan với thói quen uống rượu (p = 0,024) ít limphô bào trong bướu (p=0,049); nhưng không liên quan với các đặc điểm lâm sàng và giải phẫu bệnh khác. Bướu nguyên phát dương tính với PD-L1 có nguy cơ kháng xạ gấp khoảng 1,5 lần (KTC 95%: 1,17-1,86) so với bướu nhuộm PD-L1 âm tính (p<0,001). Kết luận: Biểu hiện PD-L1 dương tính có thể là yếu tố dự báo khả năng kháng xạ của UTHM.
Análise da taxa de analfabetismo, nos três últimos Censos do IBGE (1991, 2000 e 2010), da Microrregião Geográfica de Vitória da Conquista (BA)
Authors: Santos Elias Antonio Batista , Araújo Glênio Damasceno
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo objetiva discutir a taxa de analfabetismo nos municípios que compõem a Microrregião Geográfica de Vitória da Conquista nos Censos do IBGE nos anos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Inicialmente fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico concernente à temática do analfabetismo e do recorte espacial estudado. Em seguida, prosseguiu-se com a busca de dados secundários em órgãos oficiais, com a conseguinte tabulação e análise, através do qual foi possível a produção gráfica/cartográfica. Observou-se que embora tenha havido redução no número de analfabetos, grande quantitativo ainda engloba esse número, sendo 12,9 milhões no Brasil (em 2015), e 20,8% na Microrregião de Vitória da Conquista (em 2010).
Maricá, Transformações urbanas de um município petro-rentista
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago Da Silva Santa Rosa
Published: March 2024

O município de Maricá (RJ) vem passando por grandes transformações no seu espaço urbano, essas transformações são, em partes, condicionadas pelo aumento da arrecadação municipal que acontece a partir da descoberta de um reservatório gigante no Pré-sal, no ano de 2006. Essa descoberta, junto do repasse dos royalties e participações especiais, alavancaram as receitas municipais, essas chegando à casa dos bilhões de reais. Assim, o objetivo desde artigo é compreender, em que medida, essas rendas propiciam alterações no espaço urbano e como o município se organiza para administrar tamanhas receitas.
Funções mediadoras da Petrobras na formação socioespacial brasileira
Authors: Duarte Luciano
Published: March 2024

A questão do preço dos derivados do petróleo, como: gasolina, diesel e GLP, ainda é relevante dada a importância destes para as estruturas produtivas e de reprodução da força de trabalho no território brasileiro. Ela ganha novo fôlego desde 2016, quando a Petrobras adota a política de Preço de Paridade de Importação (PPI) e as flutuações de preços são mais frequentes e agudas. Argumentamos que, apesar de hoje a Petrobras se mostrar como um canal de internalização de crises globais no território, como são as abruptas alterações da cotação do barril de petróleo, em outros momentos ela exerceu papel inverso, como anteparo aos efeitos dessas dinâmicas. Para tanto, analisamos a história recente da formação socioespacial brasileira e as reorientações políticas dos governos federais das últimas três décadas, identificando a gênese da atual orientação da Petrobras; e apontamos alguns efeitos socioespaciais causados pela dinâmica de preços e elementos territoriais que condicionam tal fenômeno.
A circulação marítima, aérea e de dados entre o Brasil e a África
Authors: Jesus Neto Antonio Gomes de
Published: March 2024

As relações entre o Brasil e o continente africano remetem ao século XVI, com o início do tráfico de escravizados, mas especificamente a partir do início do século XXI, elas são caracterizadas por 3 tipos distintos de circulação: marítima, aérea e de dados. Apesar dessa distinção possível, uma análise das rotas diretas existentes entre o Brasil e a África demonstra a recorrência de algumas poucas formações socioespaciais africanas neste movimento, bem como uma concentração regional desta circulação no território brasileiro. Do ponto de vista da regulação, o Estado continua sendo a grande baliza deste processo, seja intervindo diretamente na criação e operação de rotas, seja mediando (e/ou possibilitando) a operação de agentes privados. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir essas duas características fundamentais da circulação Brasil-África contemporânea – sua fluidez seletiva e sua regulação híbrida – através de uma articulação entre informações empíricas sobre o processo e uma revisão de literatura, buscando encontrar as razões desta concentração geográfica e os diálogos possíveis entre circulação e política.
Investigação científica de microplásticos na praia Pedra do Sal em Parnaíba – Piauí
Authors: Morais Expedito de Sousa , Silva Janiciara Botelho
Published: March 2024

A poluição, ocasionada pelo plástico, perdura-se como um problema de grande relevância dos pontos de vista ambientais, econômicos e sociais, visto que, o plástico é um material muito utilizado. As partículas que apresentam tamanhos entre 1 e 5 mm de comprimento, são de intituladas microplásticos (MP), os quais podem ser classificados como primários ou secundários. Os microplásticos são considerados, atualmente, como contaminantes emergentes, pois apresentam grandes riscos ao meio ambiente, principalmente a biota marinha. A ausência de estudos acerca de microplásticos na praia Pedra do Sal (Parnaíba-PI motivou o presente trabalho, a fim de investigar a presença de microplásticos nesta região. Para isso, amostras foram coletadas e caracterizadas fisicamente, utilizando um microscópio eletrônico e quimicamente por Espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV). Os resultados mostraram no espectro obtido bandas de 3571-3214 cm-1 estiramento O-H; 1424 cm-1 deformação C-H de alcenos; 1082 cm-1 estiramento C-O de álcool; 872 cm-1 deformação C-H de alcenos dissubstituído geminal; 781 cm-1 Deformação C-H de anel benzênico com 5 átomos H adjacentes livres (1° pico); 697 cm-1 Deformação C-H de anel benzênico com 5 átomos H adjacentes livres (segunda banda). Observando uma predominância de resíduos de sílica, presentes na areia, sobre os fragmentos de plásticos obtidos após o procedimento final da filtração. Entretanto mesmo com sobreposições vistas das bandas de sílica sobre os microplásticos, pode-se distinguir estiramentos específicos presentes no nylon e no Polietileno tereftalato.
REKAYASA CATIA V5R20 DAN PENGGUNAAN MESIN PENCACAH ECENG GONDOK SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI BIOGAS
Authors: Lumban Tobing Jefri Marulitua , Hutabarat Rikki Parulian , Ramadhan Aldian , Silitonga Titah Christina , Pangaribuan Jenny Monica , Rahmawaty  , Yudanto Bagus Giri
Published: March 2024

Pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat tinggi menyebabkan perkembangan industri yang pesat dan ini memberikan dampak pada permintaan konsumsi energi fosil yang terus meningkat. Konsumsi energi yang meningkat memberikan efek kondisi lingkungan yang menurun. Pemanfaatan sumber energi alternatif terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan menjadi suatu pilihan yang terus dikembangkan. Hal ini menjadi salah satu alternatif mengembangkan dan merancang mesin yang dapat menfaatkan eceng gondok sebagai energi alternatif di tengah sulitnya mencari bahan bakar terbarukan berupa biogas dan dapat dimanfaatkan bagi masyarakat. Cara kerja mesin pencacah enceng gondok dengan mengkonversikan biomasa menjadi biogas yaitu eceng gondok akan dimasukkan melalui inlet ke rumah pencacah yang di lengkapi dengan 3 mata pisau yang diberputar secara horizontal. Eceng gondok yang tercacah akan langsung masuk kedalam tabung pengaduk yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk yang terhubung dari motor listik berdaya 1 HP dengan putaran 1400 [rpm] dan tersampung ke gearbox 1:40 dengan size 50. Dalam membuat mesin pencacah hal perlu dilakukan yaitu menentukan konsep desain yang telah memenuhi kretiria mesin pencacah, selanjutnya lakukan pendesainan menggunakan CATIA V5R20 untuk menentukan dimensi setiap komponen mesin. Ketika setiap komponen memiliki demensi ukuran yang ditentukan maka tahap akhir pendesainan adalah dengan menggabungkan setiap komponen menjadi satu tahapan sehingga menjadi bentuk utuh suatu mesin.
MODIFIKASI STRUKTUR RANGKA DAN BAHAN COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED (CNC) ROUTER MINI 3 AXIS
Authors: Kadriadi  , Pratama Angga Bahri , Wijayanto Hendi Lilih , Wirakusuma Kadex Widhy , Amiruddin
Published: March 2024

Teknologi dalam dunia permesinan saat ini mengalami kemajuan yang dapat dilihat dalam dunia industri yaitu peralihan penggunaan mesin – mesin konvensional ke mesin – mesin otomatis yang dikendalikan dalam suatu program. Mesin tersebut dikendalikan secara penuh menggunakan komputer dengan bahasa pemrograman numeric yang disebut dengan Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC). Dalam proses permesinan secara konvensional maupun CNC, output yang diharapkan adalah mampu melakukan proses permesinan secara tepat dan skala yang besar dan spesifikasi geometri. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini, agar dapat meningkatkan fungsi kerja mesin CNC mini router yang pada awalnya alat tersebut hanya dapat menggrafir dan marking dan PCB, acrylic, dan kayu dengan kedalaman ptong dan kecepatan feeding, sehingga penyusunan melakukan modifikasi struktur rangka dan bahan CNC mini router 3 axis. Modifikasi yang dilakukan terhadap frame, endmill, dan collect pada mesin CNC mini router agar dapat mendukung peningkatan fungsi alat. Setelah melakukan pengujian terhadap tujuan yang dicapai, maka, hasil pengujian didapatkan a. Kayu : depth per pass = 1 mm, feed rate = 100 mm/menit, plunge angle = 100 mm/menit, spindle speed = 100 rpm. Acrylic : depth per pass = 2 mm, feed rate = 200 mm/menit, plunge angle = 100 mm/menit, spindle speed = 100 rpm. Alumunium : depth per pass = 0.25 mm, feed rate = 100 mm/menit, plunge angle = 15 mm/menit, spindle speed = 100 rpm.
EFISIENSI TURBIN GAS TERHADAP VARIASI BEBAN OPERASI DI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA GAS
Authors: Taradifpa Semilir , Mahfuzah Nabilah , Siahaan Sihar
Published: March 2024

Melihat kebutuhan pemakaian energi listrik di Indonesia yang semakin meningkat, maka dibutuhkan sistem pembangkitan tenaga listrik dengan efisiensi operasional yang maksimal, maksudnya adalah suatu pembangkit listrik yang hasil dari pengoperasiannya menghasilkan energi listrik yang efisien dan didasarkan pada aturan dan standar yang ada. Besarnya kapasitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh pembangkit listrik dapat dipengaruhi oleh besarnya nilai efisiensi yang berasal dari komponen peralatan yang ada pada pembangkit tersebut seperti kompresor, turbin dan sistem pada unit PT PLN Nusantara Power Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas (PLTG). Efisiensi pada PLTG Glugur mengalami penurunan akibat beberapa faktor seperti usia yang sudah lama beropeasi, terjadinya gangguan, derating (penurunan nilai beban), kesalahan manuver pengoperasian peralatan, proses pemeliharaan yang kurang maksimal, serta faktor-faktor lain. Berdasarkan Boyce tahun 2001 disebutkan idealnya nilai efisiensi sistem pada unit PLTG berkisar antara 30%-46% dengan kapasitas beban yang dihasilkan unit PLTG tersebut sebesar 5 MW sampai dengan 10 MW. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan, dapat disimpulkan hasil nilai efisiensi tertinggi, terendah, dan rata-rata pada kompresor, turbin, dan sistem pada unit PLTG Glugur di PT PLN (Nusantara Power) Unit Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas. Nilai efisiensi tertinggi pada kompresor, turbin, dan sistem pada unit PLTG secara berturut-turut sebesar 80%, 95%, dan 43%. Nilai efisiensi terendah secara berturut-turut sebesar 67%, 84%, dan 19%. Sedangkan nilai efisiensi rata-rata secara berturut-turut sebesar 75,61%, 92%, dan 33,2%.
PENGARUH VARIASI JUMLAH BLADE TERHADAP PERFORMA HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE MENGGUNAKAN QBLADE
Authors: Syaukani Muhammad , Sadono Fajar Sidik , Arirohman Ilham Dwi , Alfian Devia G. C , Muhyi Abdul , Ammar Naufal
Published: March 2024

Perubahan iklim mendorong kita untuk dapat melakukan transisi dari energi konvesional ke energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Energi angin merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak jenis energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan menggunakan wind turbine. Wind Turbine diklasifikasikan menjadi Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) dan Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) terhadap variasi jumlah bilah  3, 5 dan 7. Pemodelan dan analisis menggunakan Q-Blade untuk memperoleh parameter perfoma seperti Coefficient of Performance (Cp), Daya mekanik, dan Torsi.  Desain bilah HAWT menggunakan airfoil tipe NACA4412 dan panjang 1.2 m pada kecepatan angin 10 m/s dan TSR 7. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa terbaik pada  TSR 7 adalah HAWT dengan jumlah 3 bilah dengan Cp, torsi, dan daya mekanik tertinggi secara berurutan yaitu 0,46; 21,89 Nm; 1,28 kW.
SIFAT DAN KARAKTERISASI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS MELALUI PROSES ESTERIFIKASI-TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN PEMANAS UDARA
Authors: Dharma Surya , Rahmawaty  , Sebayang Rihat
Published: March 2024

Kebutuhan akan energi mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun karena meningkatnya populasi, kenaikan harga minyak, berkurangnya cadangan sumber daya bahan bakar fosil, dan adanya upaya pemerintah untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara dengan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menghasilkan bahan bakar biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi yang memanfaatkan pemanas yang berasal dari udara yang dipanaskan. Bahan baku dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari bahan yang tidak terpakai yaitu minyak goreng bekas (waste cooking oil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada proses produksi biodiesel, katalis 1% memiliki hasil biodiesel yang lebih besar yaitu sebesar 98,3%. Dan methyl ester yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat dan karakterisasi bahan bakar yang sesuai dengan standard ASTM D6751 dan EN14214.
IMPLEMENTASI PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PADA POMPA SENTRIFUGAL DEPARTEMEN STAINLESS STEEL PT. GUANG CHING NIKEL AND STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: Kadriadi  , Opu Agus Salim , Wirakusuma Kadex Widhy , Pratama Angga Bahri
Published: March 2024

PT. Guang Ching Nikel and Stainless Steel (GCNS) merupakan industri smelter yang memproduksi baja stainless steel billet dan slab. Pada proses produksi tersebut memerlukan pompa sentrifugal untuk menyalurkan air sebagai sistem pendingin pada peralatan, mesin dan perendaman baja stainless steel. Hal tersebut menjadikan pompa mengalami kelebihan kapasitas kerja yang mengakibatkan penurunan performa mesin sehingga berdampak pada aktivitas produksi. Oleh karena itu, hal ini perlu dilakukan perawatan dan pemeliharaan agar mencegah kerusakan dan menjaga kinerja optimal pada pompa sentrifugal. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif melalui proses pengambilan data suhu dan getaran lalu dilakukan pengolahan data dengan menghitung nilai mean, median, dan standar deviasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada pompa sentrifugal didapatkan bahwa standar deviasi pengukuran suhu tertinggi ada pada pompa P7 yaitu 5,2 dan standar deviasi terendah ada pada pompa P2 yaitu 1,8, sedangkan pada hasil pengukuran getaran didapatkan standar deviasi tertinggi ada pada pompa inboard  vertikal menujukkan  bahwa P11 yaitu 1.7 dan standar deviasi terendah  pada pompa inboard vertikal pada pompa P7 yaitu 0,1. Sedangkan pada standar deviasi tertinggi pada pompa inboard horizontal ada pada pompa P4 yaitu 1.2 dan standar deviasi terendah pada pompa inboard horizontal ada pada pompa P7 yaitu 0.1.
The Correlation between Personality and Creativity: A Study of Contestants at the National Industry-Related Skills in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tien-Li , Pan Yu-Yun
Published: March 2024

Creativity has become an essential indicator of the competitiveness of nations, but there is still a lot of space left for discussion when it comes to the definition of creativity. Through reviewing the relevant literature to the definitions offered by different scholars, this paper uses Mel Rhodes’ “4Ps Model,” which takes the four influential factors (Process, Personality, Product and Press/Place) in displaying creativity into consideration to define “creativity”. Studying and categorizing the contestants in the National Industry-Related Skills Competition in Taiwan with John Holland's Types of Personality, this paper tries to understand the connection between creativity in participants’ products and their personalities with their various reflections and reactions on the designed examination questions. The result concludes that the directions given by the examinations will be read differently when they meet the people with different personalities, which further influences the performance of creativity. After comparing and contrasting the outcome for the competition and the personality inventory test, the direct relation between personality and creativity is demonstrated.
Representation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle in CMIP6
Authors: Gier Bettina K. , Schlund Manuel , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jones Chris D. , Jones Colin , Zaehle Sönke , Eyring Veronika
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Improvements in the representation of the land carbon cycle in Earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) include interactive treatment of both the carbon and nitrogen cycles, improved photosynthesis, and soil hydrology. To assess the impact of these model developments on aspects of the global carbon cycle, the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is expanded to compare CO2 concentration and emission driven historical simulations from CMIP5 and CMIP6 to observational data sets. A particular focus is on the differences in models with and without an interactive terrestrial nitrogen cycle. Overestimations of photosynthesis (gross primary productivity (GPP)) in CMIP5 were largely resolved in CMIP6 for participating models with an interactive nitrogen cycle, but remaining for models without one. This points to the importance of including nutrient limitation. Simulating the leaf area index (LAI) remains challenging with a large model spread in both CMIP5 and CMIP6. In ESMs, global mean land carbon uptake (net biome productivity (NBP)) is well reproduced in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 multi-model means. However, this is the result of an underestimation of NBP in the northern hemisphere, which is compensated by an overestimation in the southern hemisphere and the tropics. Carbon stocks remain a large uncertainty in the models. While vegetation carbon content is slightly better represented in CMIP6, the inter-model range of soil carbon content remains the same between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Overall, a slight improvement in the simulation of land carbon cycle parameters is found in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5, but with many biases remaining, further improvements of models in particular for LAI and NBP is required. Models from modeling groups participating in both CMIP phases generally perform similarly or better in their CMIP6 compared to their CMIP5 models. This improvement is not as significant in the multi-model means due to more new models in CMIP6, especially those using older versions of the Community Land Model (CLM). Emission driven simulations perform just as well as concentration driven models despite the added process-realism. Due to this we recommend ESMs in future CMIP phases to perform emission driven simulations as the standard so that climate-carbon cycle feedbacks are fully active. The inclusion of nitrogen limitation led to a large improvement in photosynthesis compared to models not including this process, suggesting the need to view the nitrogen cycle as a necessary part of all future carbon cycle models. Possible benefits when including further limiting nutrients such as phosphorus should also be considered.
Ocean alkalinity enhancement in an open ocean ecosystem: Biogeochemical responses and carbon storage durability
Authors: Paul Allanah Joy , Haunost Mathias , Goldenberg Silvan Urs , Hartmann Jens , Sánchez Nicolás , Schneider Julieta , Suitner Niels , Riebesell Ulf
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is considered for the long-term removal of gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to achieve our climate goals. Little is known, however, about the ecosystem-level changes in biogeochemical functioning that may result from the chemical sequestration of CO2 in seawater, and how stable the sequestration is. We studied these two aspects in natural plankton communities under carbonate-based, CO2-equilibrated OAE in the nutrient-poor North Atlantic. During a month-long mesocosm experiment, the majority of biogeochemical pools, including inorganic nutrients, particulate organic carbon and phosphorus as well as biogenic silica, remained unaltered across all OAE levels of up to a doubling of ambient alkalinity (+2400 µeq kg-1). Noticeable exceptions were a minor decrease in particulate organic nitrogen and an increase in the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) of particulate organic matter in response to OAE. Thus, in our nitrogen limited system, nitrogen turnover processes appear more susceptible than those of other elements leading to decreased food quality and increased organic carbon storage. However, alkalinity and chemical CO2 sequestration were not stable at all levels of OAE. Two weeks after alkalinity addition, we measured a loss of added alkalinity and of the initially stored CO2 in the mesocosm where alkalinity was highest (+2400 µeq kg-1, Ωaragonite ~10). The loss rate accelerated over time. Additional tests showed that such secondary precipitation can be initiated by particles acting as precipitation nuclei and that this process can occur even at lower levels of OAE. In conclusion, on the one hand, our study under carbonate-based OAE where the carbon is already sequestered, the risk of major and sustained impacts on biogeochemical functioning may be low in the nutrient-poor ocean. On the other hand, the durability of carbon sequestration using OAE could be constrained by alkalinity loss in supersaturated waters with precipitation nuclei present. Our study provides evaluation of ecosystem impacts of an idealised OAE deployment for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) in an oligotrophic system. Whether biogeochemical functioning is resilient to more technically simple and economically more viable approaches that induce stronger water chemistry perturbations remains to be seen.
A Global land snow scheme (GLASS) v1.0 for the GFDL Earth System Model: Formulation and evaluation at instrumented sites
Authors: Zorzetto Enrico , Malyshev Sergey , Ginoux Paul , Shevliakova Elena
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Snowpack modulates water storage over extended land regions, and at the same time plays a central role in the surface albedo feedback, impacting the climate system energy balance. Despite the complexity of snow processes and their importance for both land hydrology and global climate, several state-of-the-art land surface models and Earth System Models still employ relatively simple descriptions of snowpack dynamics. In this study we present a newly-developed snow scheme tailored to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Land Model version 4.1. This new snowpack model, named GLASS ("Global LAnd-Snow Scheme"), includes a refined and dynamical vertical layering snow structure which allows us to track in each snow layer the temporal evolution of snow grain properties, while at the same time limiting the model computational expense, as necessary for a model suited to global-scale climate simulations. In GLASS, the evolution of snow grain size and shape is explicitly resolved, with implications for predicted bulk snow properties, as they directly impact snow depth, snow thermal conductivity and optical properties. Here we describe the physical processes in GLASS and their implementation, as well as the interactions with other surface processes and the land-atmosphere coupling in the GFDL Earth System Model. The performance of GLASS is tested over 10 experimental sites, where in-situ observations allow for a comprehensive model evaluation. We find that, when compared to previous version of GFDL snow model, GLASS improves predictions of seasonal snow water equivalent and soil temperature under the snowpack.
A novel numerical implementation for the surface energy budget of melting snowpacks and glaciers
Authors: Fourteau Kévin , Brondex Julien , Brun Fanny , Dumont Marie
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The surface energy budget drives the melt of the snow cover and glacier ice and its computation is thus of crucial importance in numerical models. This surface energy budget is the result of various surface energy fluxes, which depend on the input meteorological variables and surface temperature; of heat conduction towards the interior of the snow/ice; and potentially of surface melting if the melt temperature is reached. The surface temperature and melt rate of a snowpack or ice are thus driven by coupled processes. In addition, these energy fluxes are non-linear with respect to the surface temperature, making their numerical treatment challenging. To handle this complexity, some of the current numerical models tend to rely on a sequential treatment of the involved physical processes, in which surface fluxes, heat conduction, and melting are treated with some degree of decoupling. Similarly, some models do not explicitly define a surface temperature and rather use the temperature of the internal point closest to the surface instead. While these kinds of approaches simplify the implementation and increase the modularity of models, they can also introduce several problems, such as instabilities and mesh sensitivity. Here, we present a numerical methodology to treat the surface and internal energy budgets of snowpacks and glaciers in a tightly coupled manner, including potential surface melting when the melt temperature is reached. Specific care is provided to ensure that the proposed numerical scheme is as fast and robust as classical numerical treatment of the surface energy budget. Comparisons based on simple test cases show that the proposed methodology yields smaller errors for almost all time steps and mesh sizes considered and does not suffer from numerical instabilities, contrary to some classical treatments.
Water productivity is in the eye of the beholder: benchmarking the multiple values produced by water use in the Phoenix metropolitan area
Authors: Ruddell Benjamin L. , Rushforth Richard
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Water productivity (or efficiency) data inform water policy, zoning, and planning, along with water allocation decisions under water scarcity pressure. This paper demonstrates that different water productivity metrics lead to different conclusions about who is using water more effectively. In addition to supporting the population's drinking and sanitation needs, water generates many other public and private social, environmental, and economic values. For the group of municipalities comprising the Phoenix metropolitan area, we compare several water productivity metrics by calculating the water value intensity (WVI) of potable water delivered by the municipality to its residential and non-residential customers. Core cities with more industrial water uses are less productive by the conventional efficiency measure of water used per capita, but core cities generate more tax revenues, business revenues, and payroll per unit of water delivered, achieving a higher water productivity by these measures. We argue that policymakers should consider a more diverse set of socio-economic water productivity measures to ensure that a broader set of values are represented in water allocation policies.
Effects of Arctic sea-ice concentration on turbulent surface fluxes in four atmospheric reanalyses
Authors: Uhlíková Tereza , Vihma Timo , Karpechko Alexey Yu , Uotila Petteri
Published: March 2024

Abstract. A prerequisite for understanding the local, regional, and hemispherical impacts of Arctic sea-ice decline on the atmosphere is to quantify the effects of sea-ice concentration (SIC) on the turbulent surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat in the Arctic. We analyse these effects utilising four global atmospheric reanalyses, ERA5, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and NCEP/CFSR (including both the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2)), and evaluate their uncertainties arising from inter-reanalysis differences in SIC and in the sensitivity of the turbulent surface fluxes to SIC. The magnitude of the differences in SIC is up to 0.15 but typically around 0.05 in most of the Arctic over all four seasons. Orthogonal-distance regression and ordinary-least-squares regression analyses indicate that the greatest sensitivity of both the latent and the sensible heat flux to SIC occurs in the cold season, November to April. For these months, using daily means of data, the average sensitivity is 400 W m−2 for the latent heat flux and over 800 W m−2 for the sensible heat flux per unit of SIC (change in SIC from 0 to 1), with differences between reanalyses that are as large as 300 W m−2 for the latent heat flux and 600 W m−2 for the sensible heat flux per unit of SIC. The sensitivity is highest for the NCEP/CFSR reanalysis. Comparing the periods 1980–2000 and 2001–2021, we find that the effect of SIC on turbulent surface fluxes has weakened owing to the increasing surface temperature of sea ice and sea-ice decline. The results also indicate signs of a decadal-scale improvement in the mutual agreement between reanalyses. The effect of SIC on turbulent surface fluxes arises mostly via the effect of SIC on atmosphere–surface differences in temperature and specific humidity, whereas the effect of SIC on wind speed (via surface roughness and atmospheric-boundary-layer stratification) partly cancels out in the turbulent surface fluxes, as the wind speed increases the magnitudes of both upward and downward fluxes.
Full-Scale Wind Turbine Performance Assessment: A Study of Aerodynamic Degradation and Operational Influences
Authors: Malik Tahir H. , Bak Christian
Published: March 2024

Abstract. This study investigates how blade aerodynamic modifications, including Leading Edge Roughness (LER), influence offshore wind turbine performance over their operational lifespan. Developing a novel methodology, this research analyses data from twelve multi-megawatt turbines over a twelve-year period, focusing on the intricate relationship between blade erosion, blade enhancements, operations and maintenance events, control PLC parameter updates, and their cumulative impact on turbine efficiency. The analysis hinges on the integration of SCADA data, Operations and Maintenance (O\\&M) records, and air density corrections. A key contribution is the development of a Turbine Performance Integral (TPI) method, which leverages generator speed and power output data to track performance trajectories. Seasonal-Trend decomposition using Locally Estimated Scatterplot Smoothing (STL) further isolates long-term trends and seasonal variations in performance. Overcoming data availability and quality limitations, the study reveals significant findings concerning software updates impacts on turbine control strategies, the variable effects of blade repairs and enhancements and the complex interaction between O\\&M events and performance. This study's strength lies in its methodical approach and statistical rigour, offering a path forward in the quest for optimised wind turbine efficiency and advancing renewable energy.
Eficácia das ferramentas automatizadas para elaboração de estratégias de busca na PubMed e Embase
Authors: Araújo Wánderson Cássio Oliveira , Viera Angel Freddy Godoy , Varvakis Gregório
Published: March 2024

Objetivo. A pesquisa verificou o índice de coocorrência de resultados na recuperação da informação em bases de dados bibliográficas da área da saúde utilizando ferramentas automatizadas para elaboração de estratégias de busca, em comparação com o método manual de busca.
Método. A partir de um estudo exploratório, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos aspectos quantitativos, da similaridade, da relevância dos resultados e das limitações entre os sistemas automatizados de construção de estratégias de busca das bases de dados PubMed e Embase. Foi desenvolvida uma estratégia de busca manual e uma automatizada, e os resultados foram organizados para análise. Os dados foram analisados por meio do (a) índice de coocorrência por método de busca; (b) índice de coocorrência entre bases de dados; (c) índice de coocorrência do resultado final entre bases de dados; e (d) o índice de relevância por método de busca.
Resultados. Os resultados do estudo sugerem uma diferença quantitativa baixa, mas significativa, entre os métodos de busca. A coocorrência de resultados é alta quando comparados os resultados de uma mesma base de dados bibliográfica. A similaridade de resultados entre as bases de dados bibliográficas é baixa, e o índice de relevância dos resultados recuperados teve equivalência similar entre bases de dados e entre os métodos utilizados. Os documentos recuperados na PubMed tiveram maior índice de similaridade entre ambos os métodos de busca, enquanto na Embase, a similaridade foi menor. No entanto, o índice de coocorrência entre as bases de dados não ultrapassou 2% de similaridade entre os métodos empregados.
Conclusões. O baixo índice de similaridade reforça a necessidade do uso de diferentes bases de dados bibliográficas com o intuito da síntese de evidências em saúde. O mecanismo de busca automatizada da Embase mostrou-se mais eficaz, com um conjunto de recursos úteis que possibilitam a elaboração de estratégias de busca mais complexas, enquanto a PubMed precisa de melhorias para entregar funcionalidades adequadas para pesquisadores que desenvolvem revisões sistemáticas nas Ciências da Saúde.
PROJETO DUARTE: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA EDUCATIVA INOVADORA COM PROJETOS DE TRABALHO
Authors: Bitencourt Alexandre Passos
Published: March 2024

A inovação no contexto educacional não deve ser confundida com a que aparece no cenário da indústria das novas tecnologias. Na educação a inovação se encontra mais na forma como os sujeitos implicados no processo do ensino e das aprendizagens estão dispostos às mudanças de certas práticas pedagógicas, e na relação que esses estabelecem com os estudantes para trabalhar os conteúdos escolares, que são importantes à formação crítica, política e ética. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é apesentar e discutir uma experiência educativa inovadora, no contexto de uma escola da capital paulista, que em 2017, após diversas discussões sobre a situação real em que se encontrava a escola, resolveu mudar o seu Projeto Político Pedagógico, principalmente, no Ensino Fundamental, anos finais. Apresenta-se como fundamentos teóricos autores que discutem a inovação e a mudança educacional e o currículo por projetos de trabalho, numa perspectiva metodológica etnográfica. Este estudo apresentou duas propostas de trabalho com projetos em uma escola da capital paulista. Os resultados indicam que a proposta de mudança da escola tem reverberado positivamente no ensino e nas aprendizagens dos estudantes.
Rural Tourism and the Best Tourism Villages
Authors: TOVMASYAN Gayane
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the significance of rural tourism
in the context of global tourism development, highlighting
its role in promoting economic growth, preserving
cultural heritage, and supporting environmental
conservation in rural areas. There are also challenges
associated with rural tourism, such as infrastructure
gaps, depopulation, and environmental degradation.
The paper presents the Best Tourism Villages initiative
by UNWTO, which aims to recognize excellent rural
tourism destinations and promote sustainable practices.
Villages are evaluated based on cultural and natural
resources, economic, social, and environmental
sustainability, tourism development, infrastructure, and
safety.
The paper discusses the initiatives and activities
undertaken by countries to enhance rural development
through tourism, such as public investment programs,
quality standards, and training.
In the context of Armenia, the paper presents some
tourism projects, aimed at developing rural tourism
and addressing issues like poverty and equal territorial
development. Despite these efforts, challenges such as
language barriers, lack of skills, poor living conditions,
underdeveloped infrastructures and lack of investment
persist.
Development of Non-Agricultural Employment as an Important Factor in the Development of Villages and Rural Settlements in Armenia
Authors: AVETISYAN Samvel
Published: March 2024

In the context of equal development of rural areas
and social progress in villages, ensuring employment
for the rural population is of particular importance.
Agricultural production, depending on climatic
conditions, direction of production and other factors,
has a certain seasonality throughout the year and does
not provide stable employment. The already relatively
low-paid work in agriculture does not provide high
income for rural residents in conditions of
underemployment. Mainly for this reason, the level of
rural poverty is increasing, the outflow of population
from the village and the aging of the village are
increasing. These factors influence the incomplete
use of agroforestry potential and the efficiency of
agricultural production. Therefore, the development
of non-agricultural employment is an important issue
in regulating employment in rural areas. This problem
is being solved through the development of the service
sector in rural areas and the creation of small industrial
enterprises, especially for the processing of agricultural
raw materials. In recent years, agro - and ecotourism,
the production of canned food and dried fruits, as well
as juices and wines, have been rapidly developing in
Armenia. At the same time, especially in suburban
settlements, non-agricultural employment of the
population develops according to the principle of
fluctuating migration.
This paper assesses the opportunities of rural areas
of Armenia, studies international experience, and
proposes practical and effective areas for nonagricultural employment. We believe that non-farm
employment is the most effective means of rural
development.
On the Perspectives of Armenian-Azerbaijani Peace Agreement and Some Security Issues
Authors: HOVYAN Vahram
Published: March 2024

The paper aims to analyze the prospects of peace in
South Caucasus after the aggression launched against
Artsakh in September of this year and the violent
displacement of the Armenian population from there.
In spite of the recent exchange of prisoners, the policy
of Azerbaijan conducted in the last 30 years does
not inspire great optimism from the viewpoint of
establishment of stable peace in the region. “Zangezur
corridor” continues to stay in the Turkish-Azerbaijani
agenda. The implementation of that idea can be
prevented by deepening the cooperation with Iran in the
sphere of communication infrastructures, particularly,
by the construction of Iran-Armenia railroad.
FUSION OF ART AND ADVENTURE: THE RISE OF CREATIVE TOURISM
Authors: TOVMASYAN Gayane
Published: March 2024

Creative tourism is a global trend that is actively developing in many countries. This approach to
travel provides a unique opportunity for tourists to interact with local culture, traditions and art. Many
countries are introducing various initiatives and programs to promote creative tourism to create unique
and interesting experiences for travelers. The paper presents the essence and significance of creative
tourism, its main types. Some examples from international experience are given. The main examples
of creative tourism in Armenia are also presented and some proposals are made for the development
of creative tourism in Armenia, such as the creation of craft workshops, the organization of cultural
festivals and gastronomic tours, the creation of creative neighborhoods and infrastructure, the creation
of information resources, websites and social media, dedicated to creative tourism in Armenia.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Kooperatif Pelatihan Dasar Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Balai Diklat Aparatur Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
Authors: Fuadi Afnanfuadi
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cooperative learning methods in civil servant candidate training batch 7 at Apparatus Training Center, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries  This research were classroom action research with a quantitative approach. Data collection method used questionnaire, assignment sheet, interview and observation. This research conducted by comparing learning effectiveness in two different class namely experiment class that implement cooperative learning and control class that not implement cooperative learning.  Learning effectiveness was assesed using two indicators namely activeness and learning result.  Data analysis conducted by comparing learning result from experiment class and control class. The result of data processing shows that the average activeness score for the control class is 66.8% and the experimental class is 85.6%. The average learning result of the control class is 82.03 and the experimental class is 91.2. From these data, there is a percentage increase in the active score of participants from the control class compared to the experimental class  28.1% and the percentage increase in learning outcomes  11.2%. It can be conlused that cooperative learning method can increase the learning effectiveness of civil servant candidate training batch 7. Cooperative learning method can be used as alternative learning method at civil servant candidate training.
TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN PESERTA SOSIALISASI TENTANG KEBIJAKAN REGISTRASI BARANG K3L
Authors: Kusdarwati Eny
Published: March 2024

The government has issued the registration of K3L goods (Security, Safety, Health, and Environment) policy in 2019, eventhough unregistered of K3L traded goods are still exists. This is indicator of the lack of understanding of businessmen on the registration provisions of K3L goods registration due to the limited pandemic of COVID-19. The existence of a pandemic cause socialization is held by online. This research aims to find out the level of understanding of businessmen to K3L goods registration regulations through virtual socialization. The analysis method of this research is a descriptive analysis using primary data obtained from questionnaires participants of socialization. The results showed that the level of understanding of businessmen to K3L goods registration regulations amounted to 88.89%. It means most respondents has good understanding about K3L registration although disseminated by virtual.