bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gentrification, Discourse, and the Body: Chicago's Humboldt Park
Authors: Wilson David , Grammenos Dennis
Published: April 2005

Gentrification today spreads and deepens in US cities. In this paper we examine the progentrification rhetoric and tactics confronted by the second largest Puerto Rican community in the United States, Chicago's Humboldt Park. Three points are documented in this current case. First, real-estate capital and the media now target and script Puerto Rican youth bodies to communicate a new gentrification-sanitizing theme: a disgust for ‘ghetto’ morals and social order. Second, this coding of bodies involves a key process, taking readers to imaginary spaces in discourse. Third, possibilities to thwart gentrification exist but organizing strategies are ineffective in that they fail to confront the politics of youth bodying. The results shed light on one of the ascendant strategies of capital to restructure Spanish-speaking neighborhoods and a subset of them, Puerto Rican communities.
Between the Marvellous and the Mundane: Everyday Life in the Socialist City and the Politics of the Environment
Authors: Whitehead Mark
Published: April 2005

In a recent essay on modernisation and ecology, Latour claimed that the environmental movement had lost important ground within political debate. He argued that this reversal in political fortunes had in part emerged out of an internal tension within the environmental movement itself—a tension between overinflation and banalisation. In this paper I analyse the nature of the purported processes of overinflation and banalisation within contemporary ecological politics, and explore ways in which it is possible to image a reinvention of environmental politics, forged between the socioecological marvellous and the mundane. Focusing on struggles over the treatment of nature and the urban environment in the socialist city of Katowice in Poland, I reveal a brand of environmental politics emerging out of communist Eastern Europe which appears to have important implications for a reinvented environmentalism. Considering the particular utilisation of the everyday environment which was forced on environmental groups in Katowice by political circumstances, I claim that the quotidian could provide a new ground upon which to perceive and connect social and ecological politics at a variety of different spatial scales and in a powerful array of different socionatural contexts.
The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (exclusive of New Zealand). III. The subgenera Forcipomyia, s.s., and Lepidohelea
Authors: Debenham ML
Published: April 2005

In 1959 Tokunaga recorded 26 species in the subgenus Forcipomyia from New Guinea, but he assigned no species to Lepidohelea, that subgenus being at the time considered of doubtful validity. Eleven of these species are here retained in subgenus Forcipomyia and five are transferred to Lepidohelea, which can now be more fully characterised (the remaining species are dealt with elsewhere in this series). Apart from the New Guinea material, a single species of subgenus Forcipomyia is known from Samoa, and one species described from Australia in 1889, F. albopunctata (Skuse), can also be assigned to subgenus Forcipomyia. In this paper 11 new species of subgenus Forcipomyia and 14 of subgenus Lepidohelea are described from Australia, and two new species of each subgenus from New Guinea. Additional data is presented for eight previously described species. Within each subgenus species have, where possible, been placed in species-groups to facilitate comparison and identification.
The classification and phylogeny of the Australian Coroebini, Bedel, with a revision of the genera Paracephala, Meliboeithon and Dinocephalia (Coleoptera : Buprestidae : Agrilinae)
Authors: Bellamy CL
Published: April 2005

The definitions of the genera making up the Australian portion of the large tribe Coroebini are briefly discussed. Thirteen genera are considered to have extant species on the continent: Synechocera, Ethon, Paracephala, Meliboeithon, Dinocephalia, Alcinous, Hypocisseis, Cisseis, Neospades, Pachycisseis, Vanroonia, Polyonychus and Coroebus (the last three each having one described species from Australia). Cisseioides is returned to synonymy under Hypocisseis. Paracephala, Meliboeithon and Dinocephalia are revised, with Pseudosynechocera proposed as a new junior synonym of Dinocephalia. The authorship of Paracephala is re-attributed to Saunders. Paracephala is defined for seven species and their synonyms: the type-species, P. pisticina ( = P. minuta = Aphanisticus canaliculatus), P. occidentalis, P. aenea (= P. strandi = P. niveiventris), P. murina (= P. cylindrica), and three new species, P. deserta, P. hesperia and P. borea. Meliboeithon is re-defined for six species and their synonyms, four being transferred from Paracephala: the type-species, M. intermedium (= M. fissus), M. bicostatum, M. crassum, M. vitticeps and two new species, M. confusum and M. cylindricolle. Dinocephalia, is re-defined for seven species and their synonyms, with four transferred from Paracephala: the typespecies, D. thoracica ( = D. gigantea), D. browni, D. cyaneipennis, D. transsecta (= P. impressicollis); one species, D. carteri, transferred from Pseudosynechocera, and two new species, D. leucogaster and D. burnsi. Keys are presented for the separation of the 13 genera and the species of Paracephala, Meliboeithon and Dinocephalia. Lectotypes are designated for Paracephala aenea, P. browni, P. transsecta and P. vitticeps. Key morphological features are illustrated for the genera and for the species of the three revised genera. A preliminary hypothesis of the phylogeny of the 10 strictly Australian coroebine genera is presented in conclusion.
A revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part 1. Subfamily Coccinellinae
Authors: Pope RD
Published: April 2005

The first part of a revision of Australian Coccinellidae (Epilachninae excepted) deals with the subfamily Coccinellinae, which now includes 14 genera and 32 species. The Australian coccinellid fauna is examined in relation to that of the world as a whole and the history of its role in the field of biological control briefly reviewed. Keys to subfamilies, genera and species are given. The Coccinellinae and its included Australian genera and species are defined and available data concerning distribution and biology presented. Two new species, Illeis (Leptothea) flava and Micraspis confusa are described. Two new specific synonymies, [Orcus mollipes Olliff = Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) and Archegleis crotchi Iablokoff-Khnzorian = A. delta (Weise)], are proposed. Lemnia Mulsant [Australian species mulsanti (Montrouzier) and jansoni (Crotch)] is re-synonymised with Coelophora Mulsant and Synia Mulsant (renamed Synona, nom. nov.) is restored to full generic status. Micraspis frenata (Erichson) is resurrected as a good species, Coelophora astrolabiana Weise transferred to Phrynocaria Timberlake, and Harmonia duplicata (Crotch) is transferred to Archegleis Iablokoff-Khnzorian. Phrynocaria astrolabiana (Weise) and Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus are recorded as new to Australia.
Thaumastochelopsis wardi, gen. et. sp. nov., a new blind deep-sea lobster from the coral sea (Crustacea : Decapoda : Nephropidea)
Authors: Bruce AJ
Published: April 2005

The nephropid lobster family Thaumastochelidae has so far only been recorded from the Northern Hemisphere in the central Atlantic Ocean and in Japanese waters, where two species of Thaumastocheles, the only genus of the family, are known. The discovery of a new genus and species in the Coral Sea is the first occurrence in the Southern Hemisphere and provides additional knowledge of this littleknown family. A modification of the diagnosis of the family is made to include the new genus, which has reduced but mobile eyes instead of obsolete fused eyestalks as in Thaumastocheles. The new lobster, Thaumastochelopsis wardi, gen. et sp. nov., was obtained from a depth of 452 m.
Descriptions of corioxenidae (Strepsiptera) from Australia, and a checklist of world genera and species of Corioxenidae
Authors: Kathirithamby J
Published: April 2005

Austaloxenos yetmaniensis, gen. et sp, nov. (Corioxeninae) and seven new species of Triozocera (Triozocerinae) are described from Australia. A checklist of the world genera and species of Corioxenidae, and a key to the Australian species of Triozocera are provided.
Rostropria, a new genus of Opisthognathous Diapriine wasp from Australia, and notes on the genus Neurogalesus (Hymenoptera : Proctotrupoidea : Diapriidae)
Authors: Early JW , Naumann ID
Published: April 2005

Rostropria, gen. nov., comprising six new species (casta, garbo, gondola, inopicida, simplex and spiniventris) from eastern Australia, is most closely related to Neurogalesus Kieffer. The palpal formula is variable within Rostropria. R. inopicida is a parasite of the sugarcane soldier fly, Inopus rubriceps (Macquart) (Stratiomyidae), and a potential biological control agent for this pest of pastures and sugar cane. Euhoplopria Dodd is synonymised with Neurogalesus and the three described species (E. carinatifrons Dodd, E. lativentris Dodd, E. emargipennis Dodd) are transferred to Neurogalesus.
The tribe Ctenarytainini (Hemiptera : Psylloidea): a key to known Australian genera, with new species and two new genera
Authors: Taylor KL
Published: April 2005

The key includes eight genera known to occur in Australia and Papua New Guinea. These are Ctenarytaina Ferris & Klyver (type genus), Syncarpiolyma Froggatt, Eriopsylla Froggatt, Blastopsylla Taylor, Anoeconeossa Taylor, Leptospermonastes Taylor, and two new genera, Agelaeopsylla and Cryptoneossa. Keys to the species in Agelaeopsylh, Cryptoneossa and Leptospermonastes are given. Agelaeopsylla contains five new species, A. dividua (type species), A. maculatae, A. corymbiae, A. papuanae (which also occurs in Papua New Guinea), and A. insolita. They feed mainly on Angophora and two 'subgenera' of Eucalyptus (Corymbia and Blakella). The hosts of Cryptoneossa, which contains five new species, C. vulgaris (type species), C. occidentalis, C. triangula, C. minuta, and C. leptospermi, are mainly in the 'subgenera' Monocalyptus and Corymbia of Eucalyptus; some are found on Symphyomyrtus and smaller subgenera, one on Angophora, and one on Leptospermum. Two new species of Leptospermonastes are described; L. maculosipennis and L. fasciata were both collected from Melaleuca spp., a new host for this genus. Eriopsylla and its type species, E. viridis, are redescribed, with one new species, E. malleensis.
Atelostomatid sea urchins from Australian and New Zealand waters (Echinoidea : Cassiduloida, Holasteroida, Spatangoida, Neoplampadoida)
Authors: Baker AN , Rowe FWE
Published: April 2005

The systematics and distribution of 28 species (17 genera) of atelostomatid echinoids from the seas around Australia and New Zealand are discussed. Eighteen species are new to the region. A new genus, Acanthotrema, Family Asterostomidae, is described, and new species are assigned to the genera Gymnopatagus, Eupatagus, Metalia, Spatagobrissus and Heterobrissus (2). Three species of Spatangus, S. pallidus H. L. Clark, S. thor Fell and S. beryl Fell, are synonymised with S. Iutkeni A. Agassiz. Paramaretia multituberculata Mortensen is synonymised with P. peloria H. L. Clark. A checklist of Australasian atelostomatid echinoids, giving a distributional summary, is provided.
Karyotypes and meiosis of the Australian Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) II. The genus Nanodectes Rentz (Tettigoniinae)*
Authors: Ueshuma N , Rentz DCF
Published: April 2005

The karyotypes and meioses from males of the species in the shield-backed katydid genus Nanodectes Rentz (Tettigoniinae) have been studied. The chromosome number of these species ranges from 2n = 15 to 2n =23 in the male. The male karyotypes were all X – 0 and the X was always the largest telocentric chromosome. Four types of chromosome systems are found in different populations of N. triodiae Rentz: 2n = 15 (6 metacentric + 8 telocentric autosomes + X), 2n = 15 (4 metacentric + 10 telocentric autosomes + X), 2n = 17 (4 metacentric+ 12 telocentric autosomes + X) and 2n = 19 (2 metacentric + 16 telocentric autosomes + X). Chromosome rearrangements, such as centric fusion and tandem fusion, appear to have played an important role in chromosome evolution at the inter- and intra-specific levels in Nanodectes. Possible pathways of karyotypic evolution and speciation are discussed.* Part I: pp. 303-51 in: 'The Tettigoniidae: Biology, Ecology, Systematics'. Eds W. J. Bailey and
D. C. F. Rentz. (Crawford House: Bathurst.)
Revision of Australasian Trissolcus species (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae)
Authors: Johnson NF
Published: April 2005

The species of Trissolcus Ashmead of the Australasian region (including New Guinea, the Bismark Archipelago and the Solomon Islands to Tahiti and New Zealand) are revised. Trissolcus ancon, T. arctatus, T. cirrosus, T. maori, T. personatus, T. setifer, T. sipioides and T. strigis are described as new. Trissolcus eetion (Dodd), T. egeria (Dodd), T. ephyra (Dodd), T. euander (Dodd), T. flaviscapus Dodd, T. latisulcus (Crawford), T. mitsukurii (Ashmead), T. oedipus (Dodd), T. oeneus (Dodd), T. oenone (Dodd), T. ogyges (Dodd) and T. painei (Ferrière) are redescribed. Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) is a widely introduced Afrotropical species found throughout this region. The following new synonymies are proposed: Trissolcus coriaceus Dodd, 1915 = T. egeria (Dodd), 1914; T. oecleus (Dodd), 1913, T. darwinensis (Dodd), 1914, T. erigone (Dodd), 1914, T. banksi (Gahan), 1921 and T. priapus (Nixon), 1938 = T. latisulcus (Crawford), 1913; T. oecleoides (Dodd), 1914 = T. mitsukurii (Ashmead), 1904; T. obliteratus (Dodd), 1914, T. otho (Dodd), 1914, T. biproruli (Girault), 19262, and T. wilsoni (Dodd), 1930 = T. oenone (Dodd), 1913; T. oreas (Dodd), 1913, T. orontes (Dodd), 1914, T. atriscapus (Girault), 1926a and T. beenleighi (Girault), 1932 = T. ogyges (Dodd), 1913.
A review of the genus Iphimedia (Crustacea : Amphipoda) with descriptions of three new species from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Florida
Authors: Thomas JD , Barnard JL
Published: April 2005

Iphimedia is reviewed and a new diagnosis based on 35 known species is given. Three new species, one each from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Florida, are described. This is the only genus, in a family otherwise confined to cold and deep oceans, that has tropical species.
Two new species of Liagoceradocus (Hypogean Amphipoda) from south-western Pacific Islands, with key to the world species
Authors: Stock JH , Iliffe TM
Published: April 2005

Descriptions of Liagoceradocus unciferus, sp. nov. (from Vatulele, Fiji Islands) and L. lobiferus, sp. nov. (from Malaita, Solomon Islands and Savai'i, Western Samoa) are provided. A key to all known species of Liagoceradocus is presented, and type specimens of L. pusillus Barnard, 1965, and L. lonomaka Barnard, 1977, have been re-examined.
A review of the hermit crab genus Calcinus Dana (Crustacea : Decapoda : Diogenidae) from Australia, with two descriptions of two new species
Authors: Morgan GJ
Published: April 2005

Seventeen species of the genus Calcinus are recorded from Australian waters, including Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands in the Indian Ocean and Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands in the Tasman Sea, Pacific Ocean. Two new species, C. inconspicuus, sp. nov. and C. sirius, sp. nov., are described from the Tasman Sea. A key to Australian species of Calcinus is provided.
Descriptions and biological notes of Halictophagidae (Strepsiptera) from Australia, with a checklist of the world genera and species
Authors: Kathirithamby J
Published: April 2005

One new genus (Blattodeaphagus) and six new species (two of Tridactylophagus Hofeneder & Fulmek, T. buttonensis and T. canberraensis, two of Halictophagus Curtis, H. minutes and H. moorookensis, and two of Coriophagus Kinzelbach, C. lockerbiensis and C. monteithi) are described. New descriptions of one female (H. schwarzi Perkins), one male (H. phaeodes Perkins), three male cephalotheca [H. phaeodes Perkins, H. schwarzi Perkins and H. tryoni (Perkins)] of previously described species and 1st instar larvae of C. rieki Kinzelbach, and revisions of three females of Halictophagus (H. australiensis Perkins, H. phaeodes and H. tryoni) are provided. Keys to subfamilies of Halictophagidae and to the Australian species of Tridactylophagus, Halictophagus and Coriophagus are included. A checklist of the world genera and species of Halictophagidae is given.
Chemotaxonomy of marine sponges: Families Microcionidae, Raspailiidae and Axinellidae, and their relationships with other families in the orders Poecilosclerida and Axinellida (Porifera : Demospongiae)
Authors: Hooper JNA , Capon RJ , Keenan CP , Parry DL , Smit N
Published: April 2005

Biochemical studies on 72 species of marine sponges from tropical Australia showed that 42 of 132 biochemical characters were useful in describing relationships between the families Microcionidae, Raspailiidae and Axinellidae, and other members of the orders Poecilosclerida and Axinellida. Chemotaxonomic characters were obtained from profiles of free amino acids (34 species), carotenoid pigments (41 species), general proteins (62 species) and antibiotic activity against three human pathogens (42 species of sponges). Biochemical data essentially supported the existing division within class Demospongiae, i.e. Ceractinomorpha and Tetractinomorpha, with the notable exception that the 'tetractinomorph' families Raspailiidae and two genera of Axinellidae were found to be more closely related to the Ceractinomorpha. Within-group comparisons demonstrated that Microcionidae (14 species) and Raspailiidae (15 species) were relatively homogeneous in their biochemical profiles, indicating that they should remain separated at the family level, supporting similar conclusions based on morphological data. Similar trends were also shown for the families Desmacellidae (2 species) and Desmoxyidae (3 species), contrary to recent taxonomic revisions by other authors who hypothesised that these families might be heterogenous. Conversely, Axinellidae (27 species) contained at least three disparate groups of genera: one (i.e. Phakellia, Reniochalina) showing strong affinities with ceractinomorphs, a second (i.e. Acanthella, Pseudaxinyssa) and possibly a third (i.e. Axinella, Teichaxinella) showing closer similarities to Desmoxyidae, Hemiasterellidae and outgroups from Hadromerida and 'Lithistida'. These results provided a measure of support for the removal of Raspailiidae to Poecilosclerida, and the division of Axinellidae into several families, as proposed independently in recent revisions based on morphological evidence.
Copepods (Poecilostomatoida : Lichomolgidae) associated with the scleractinian coral Gardineroseris planulata in the Moluccas
Authors: Humes AG
Published: April 2005

Six new poecilostomatoid copepods associated with the scleractinian coral Gardineroseris planulata (Dana) at Poelau Gomumu in the Moluccas are described. These include two new genera and species, Euxynus capulus and Moluccomolgus lordus, and four new species of the genus Paramolgus, P. angustus, P. eparmafoides, P. gibberulus, and P. setellus.
Revision of the Australian scorpion-fly genus Harpobittacus (Mecoptera : Bittacidae)
Authors: Lambkin KJ
Published: April 2005

Harpobittacus Gerstaecker is the largest of the six genera of Australian Bittacidae. Adults occur in eastern, south-eastern and south-western Australian eucalypt woodland and coastal heathland during spring and summer and sometimes autumn. The genus contains 11 species, which are diagnosed in the present revision: H. australis (Klug) [= australis rubripes Riek, syn. nov., = corethrarius (Rambur), = intermedius (Selys-Longchamps)] (south-east Australia, including Tasmania); H. albatus Riek, stat. nov. (= limnaeus Smithers, syn. nov.) (coastal eastern Australia); H. christine, sp. nov. (inland south-east Queensland); H. tillyardi Esben-Petersen ( = nigratus Navás) (coastal eastern Australia); H. rubricatus Riek (inland south-east Australia); H. scheibeli Esben-Petersen (= brewerae Smithers, syn. nov.) (inland and coastal eastern Australia); H. septentrionis, sp. nov. (coastal north Queensland); H. nigriceps (Selys-Longchamps) (mainland south-east Australia); H. similis Esben-Petersen, H. quasisimilis, sp. nov., and H. phaeoscius Riek (all south-west Western Australia). Cladistic analysis has produced the following hypothesis of relationships: (((australis (albatus christine)) (tillyardi rubricatus)) ((similis quasisimilis) ((scheibeli septentrionis) (nigriceps phaeoscius))). Immediate sister-species show little or no overlap in their geographic distributions.
An annotated catalogue of the Australian Cicadelloidea (Hemiptera : Auchenorrhyncha)
Authors: Day MF , Fletcher MJ
Published: April 2005

All species of the families Cicadellidae, Eurymelidae and Membracidae described from Australia are listed, together with details of the primary type (type locality, type depository, collection details), known distribution and known hosts. Where appropriate. notes are given on nomenclature, biology and economic significance. Lectotypes are designated for Eurinoscopus sontiates Kirkaldy (Iassinae), Eutettix selbyi Evans (Deltocephalinae) and Empoasca australis Froggatt (Typhlocybinae). Idioscopus niveosparsus (Lethierry) (Idiocerinae) is recorded from Torres Strait islands, the first Australian records of this species. Ipoides brunomaculatus Evans (Eurymelidae : Ipoini) is recorded from Australia for the first time. The following nomenclatural changes are made. Batracomorphus pallas Knight is synonymised with Batracomorphus sontiates (Kirkaldy). Bythoscopus testaceus Walker is synonymised with Krisna kirbyi (Kirkaldy). Limotettix condylus Knight is synonymised with Limotettix pullatus (Evans). Vulturnus vappa Kirkaldy is synonymised with Neovulturnus vaedulcis (Kirkaldy). Nesosteles phryne Kirkaldy is synonymised with Nesoclutha pallida (Evans). The genus Diemoides Evans is reinstated from synonymy with Paralimnus Matsumura. Mitelloides mouldsi Stevens is emended to M . mouldsorum Stevens. Ledropsis froggatti Distant is given priority over L . crocina Distant. Macropsis fuscoguttatus, nom . nov., is proposed for Macropsis fuscopunctatus (Evans 1942). New combinations proposed are Ishidaella quadrata (Walker), Protartessus occidentalis (Jacobi), Stirellus mitis (Kirkaldy), Recilia vetus (Knight), Arawa detracta (Walker), Limotettix pullatus (Evans), Hecalus australis (Evans), Kahaono aneala (Kirkaldy), Zygina evansi (Ross), Zygina honiala (Kirkaldy), Zygina ipoloa (Kirkaldy), Zygina lubra (Kirkaldy), Zygina melanogaster (Kirkaldy) and Zygina sativae (Evans).
Taxonomic and biogegraphic review of the Australian endemic genus Nannamoria (Gastropoda : Volutidae) with the description of a new bathyal species
Authors: Willan RC
Published: April 2005

Nannamoria Iredale, 1929, is redefined and monophyly is restored by reinstatement of Paramoria McMichael, 1960, and removal of Volutoconus capricorneus Wilson, 1972. Nannamoria is considered to be representative of the Eastern Overlap Zone rather than the Southern Australian Biogeographic Region. Nannamoria ranya, sp. nov., is described from the outer continental shelf and slope off north-eastern Australia. It occurs closer to the eastern margin of the Australian Continental Shelf than any other species of volute.
Haplosclerida and Petrosida (Poifera : Demospongiae) from the New Caledonia lagoon
Authors: Froman J
Published: April 2005

Sixteen species of Haplosclerida and Petrosida are described from the reefs and lagoon of New Caledonia. Five species are new and two species are reported for the first time from New Caledonia. Nine previously described species were also found in this study and extra characters are reported, or additional locality and habitat records provided. The new species belong to the Haplosclerida : Chalinidae, three species; Niphatidae, one species; and Callyspongiidae, one species. New records of Xestospongia bergquistia and X. exigua (Petrosida : Petrosidae) are reported. Some of the species described have reduced spiculation; this reduction in amount of silica in the skeleton, and increased fibre development, may be related to water temperature. The proportion of endemic species within the Haplosclerida and Petrosida shallow water fauna is 48% and 75% in deep water. Non-endemic species have closest affinities to the Australian fauna.
Studies on the Tenerffiidae (Acari : Anystoidea). II. A review of the genus Austroteneriffia
Authors: Judson M
Published: April 2005

The genus Austroteneriffia Womersley is removed from synonymy with Parateneriffia Thor and redefined. Austroteneriffia hirsti Womersley, the type species, is redescribed and a second South Australian species, A. leei, sp. nov., is described. Three species are transferred to Austroteneriffia from Neoteneriffiola Hirst: A. hojoensis (Shiba & Furukawa, 1975), comb. nov., A. japonica (Ehara, 1965), comb. nov., and A. tadjikistanica (Wainstein, 1969), comb. nov. A key to the species of Austroteneriffia is given. The Argentinian species Austroteneriffia andrei Besch, 1962, is regarded as a species inquirenda. The unique occurrence of a genual k″ on leg I of the holotype of A. leei, sp. nov., is regarded as an atavistic reversal, this seta having been secondarily lost in other Teneriffiidae. The chevron-like arrangement of cuticular striae, running from the naso to above coxa II/III in Teneriffiidae, is interpreted as a permanent, ecdysial cleavage-line of the prodehiscent type. The Rhagininae (nom. emend., pro Rhaginae) Womersley, 1935, originally considered to be a subfamily of the Teneriffiidae, is explicitly recognised as a junior subjective synonym of Pseudocheylidae Oudemans, 1909. Rhagina Womersley, 1935 (currently a junior subjective synonym of Anoplocheylus Berlese) is a junior homonym of Rhagina Malloch, 1932 (Diptera).
Acanthonotozomopsis Watling & Holman, 1980, Senior Synonym of Vicmusia Just, 1990 (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Vicmusiidae)
Authors: Just J
Published: April 2005

Acanthonotozomopsis Watling & Holman, 1980 and Vicmusia Just, 1990 are synonymised under the older name. Two species are recognised, A. pushkini (Bushueva, 1978) and A. duplocoxa (Just, 1990). The placing of Acanthonotozomopsis in the Acanthonotozomellidae or Iphimediidae sensu lato is rejected. The family name Vicmusiidae is retained in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
The first Australian Paratrachys (Coleptera : Buprestidae), with comments on the higher classification of the genus
Authors: Bellamy CL , Willams GA
Published: April 2005

Two new species of Paratrachys, the first known from Australia, are described. P. australia, sp. nov., from coastal New South Wales is placed in the nominate subgenus and P. queenslandia, sp. nov., from Queensland, in P. (Friendiella) Holynski. The species are fully described, illustrated and a brief discussion is presented on the recent generic review by Holynski and the placement of this genus in the familial hierarchy. A modified key for both Paratrachys (Friendiella) and P. (s. str.) the Hederae-circle is presented to incorporate these new species. A cladistic analysis shows that the Paratrachydina is best defined as monotypic.
Conduction through the Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel, Kir2.1, Is Increased by Negatively Charged Extracellular Residues
Authors: D'Avanzo Nazzareno , Cho Hee Cheol , Tolokh Illya , Pekhletski Roman , Tolokh Igor , Gray Chris , Goldman Saul , Backx Peter H.
Published: April 2005

Ion channel conductance can be influenced by electrostatic effects originating from fixed “surface” charges that are remote from the selectivity filter. To explore whether surface charges contribute to the conductance properties of Kir2.1 channels, unitary conductance was measured in cell-attached recordings of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with Kir2.1 channels over a range of K+ activities (4.6–293.5 mM) using single-channel measurements as well as nonstationary fluctuation analysis for low K+ activities. K+ ion concentrations were shown to equilibrate across the cell membrane in our studies using the voltage-sensitive dye DiBAC4(5). The dependence of γ on the K+ activity (aK) was fit well by a modified Langmuir binding isotherm, with a nonzero intercept as aK approaches 0 mM, suggesting electrostatic surface charge effects. Following the addition of 100 mM N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMG+), a nonpermeant, nonblocking cation or following pretreatment with 50 mM trimethyloxonium (TMO), a carboxylic acid esterifying agent, the γ–aK relationship did not show nonzero intercepts, suggesting the presence of surface charges formed by glutamate or aspartate residues. Consistent with surface charges in Kir2.1 channels, the rates of current decay induced by Ba2+ block were slowed with the addition of NMG or TMO. Using a molecular model of Kir2.1 channels, three candidate negatively charged residues were identified near the extracellular mouth of the pore and mutated to cysteine (E125C, D152C, and E153C). E153C channels, but not E125C or D152C channels, showed hyperbolic γ–aK relationships going through the origin. Moreover, the addition of MTSES to restore the negative charges in E53C channels reestablished wild-type conductance properties. Our results demonstrate that E153 contributes to the conductance properties of Kir2.1 channels by acting as a surface charge.
AKT2/3 Subunits Render Guard Cell K+ Channels Ca2+ Sensitive
Authors: Ivashikina Natalya , Deeken Rosalia , Fischer Susanne , Ache Peter , Hedrich Rainer
Published: April 2005

Inward-rectifying K+ channels serve as a major pathway for Ca2+-sensitive K+ influx into guard cells. Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell inward-rectifying K+ channels are assembled from multiple K+ channel subunits. Following the recent isolation and characterization of an akt2/3-1 knockout mutant, we examined whether the AKT2/3 subunit carries the Ca2+ sensitivity of the guard cell inward rectifier. Quantification of RT-PCR products showed that despite the absence of AKT2 transcripts in guard cells of the knockout plant, expression levels of the other K+ channel subunits (KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, and AtKC1) remained largely unaffected. Patch-clamp experiments with guard cell protoplasts from wild type and akt2/3-1 mutant, however, revealed pronounced differences in Ca2+ sensitivity of the K+ inward rectifier. Wild-type channels were blocked by extracellular Ca2+ in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner. Akt2/3-1 mutants lacked the voltage-dependent Ca2+ block, characteristic for the K+ inward rectifier. To confirm the akt2/3-1 phenotype, two independent knockout mutants, akt2-1 and akt2::En-1 were tested, demonstrating that the loss of AKT2/3 indeed affects the Ca2+ dependence of guard cell inward rectifier. In contrast to AKT2 knockout plants, AKT1, AtKC1, and KAT1 loss-of-function mutants retained Ca2+ block of the guard cell inward rectifier. When expressed in HEK293 cells, AKT2 channel displayed a pronounced susceptibility toward extracellular Ca2+, while the dominant guard cell K+ channel KAT2 was Ca2+ insensitive. Thus, we conclude that the AKT2/3 subunit constitutes the Ca2+ sensitivity of the guard cell K+ uptake channel.
Music Therapy in Hospice and Palliative Care: a Review of the Empirical Data
Authors: Hilliard Russell E.
Published: April 2005

Although music therapy is an established allied health profession and is used with increasing frequency in the treatment of those with a terminal illness, there is a real dearth of empirical research literature supporting the use of music therapy in end‐of‐life care. This article reviews the empirical studies found in the literature and documents the emergence of an evidenced‐based approach to the use of music therapy in hospice and palliative care. A total of 11 studies are reviewed; of these, six show significant differences supporting the use of music therapy in this area. Dependent variables positively affected by music therapy include pain, physical comfort, fatigue and energy, anxiety and relaxation, time and duration of treatment, mood, spirituality and quality of life. Guidelines for future research are considered, and variables that need to be controlled are presented. The need to create an evidence‐based approach to hospice and palliative care music therapy is articulated, and future researchers are empowered to continue to conduct investigations among this population.
Inhibition of SARS‐CoV 3C‐like Protease Activity by Theaflavin‐3,3′‐digallate (TF3)
Authors: Chen Chia-Nan , Lin Coney P. C. , Huang Kuo-Kuei , Chen Wei-Cheng , Hsieh Hsin-Pang , Liang Po-Huang , Hsu John T.-A.
Published: April 2005

SARS‐CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virally encoded 3C‐like protease (3CLPro) has been presumed critical for the viral replication of SARS‐CoV in infected host cells. In this study, we screened a natural product library consisting of 720 compounds for inhibitory activity against 3CLPro. Two compounds in the library were found to be inhibitive: tannic acid (IC50 = 3 µM) and 3‐isotheaflavin‐3‐gallate (TF2B) (IC50 = 7 µM). These two compounds belong to a group of natural polyphenols found in tea. We further investigated the 3CLPro‐inhibitory activity of extracts from several different types of teas, including green tea, oolong tea, Puer tea and black tea. Our results indicated that extracts from Puer and black tea were more potent than that from green or oolong teas in their inhibitory activities against 3CLPro. Several other known compositions in teas were also evaluated for their activities in inhibiting 3CLPro. We found that caffeine, (—)‐epigallocatechin gallte (EGCg), epicatechin (EC), theophylline (TP), catechin (C), epicatechin gallate (ECg) and epigallocatechin (EGC) did not inhibit 3CLPro activity. Only theaflavin‐3,3′‐digallate (TF3) was found to be a 3CLPro inhibitor. This study has resulted in the identification of new compounds that are effective 3CLPro inhibitors.
Methods and models for studying mechanisms of redox-active enzymes
Authors: Siegbahn Per E.M , Blomberg Margareta R.A
Published: April 2005

Methods and models used in recent quantum chemical studies of redox-active enzymes are described. Only density functional methods are able to treat these systems with sufficient accuracy. For the most accurate of these methods, the so-called hybrid methods, a fraction of exact exchange is included and the deviation from experimental energies is usually not higher than 5 kcal mol−1. The size of the models depends on the problem studied, but is usually in the range 60–100 atoms. To keep the optimized structures sufficiently close to the experimental ones, one atom in each amino acid residue is kept frozen to its position in the X-ray structure. Examples from different recent studies are given with emphasis on dioxygen evolution in photosystem II and proton pumping in cytochrome oxidase. The main advantage of using theoretical methods to study these systems is that short-lived intermediates and transition states can be investigated as easily as stable structures.
Spermiogenesis in the cestode Corallobothrium solidum Fritsch, 1886 (Proteocephalidea: Corallobothriinae)
Authors: Bruňanská M. , Scholz T. , Ibraheem M. H.
Published: April 2005

Spermiogenesis of Corallobothrium solidum Fritsch 1886, has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The zone of differentiation contains the two centrioles, each with one thin root, being orientated in the same plane only when a single intercentriolar body (ICB) appears between them. A median cytoplasmic process (MCP) develops distally to the two flagella, which are of unequal length, get longer and rotate towards the MCP. The nucleus penetrates into the spermatid body after the fusion of both flagella with the MCP has started. Flagellar roots occur occasionally in some spermatids. New for the Eucestoda are the following findings: 1. cortical microtubules (CMs) are arranged in two short parallel rows in one‐axoneme region of some spermatids; 2. the crested body of spermatid consists either of electron‐dense tubular elements and interposes itself between CMs, or it is rather homogeneous and situated more peripherally above one continuous semicircle of CMs. The present results support previous data that the type of spermiogenesis in proteocephalideans resembles mostly that observed in tetraphyllideans (Onchobothriidae and Phyllobothriidae), thus supporting the view of a close phylogenetic relationship of tetraphyllidean and proteocephalidean cestodes.
Distribution and ontogeny of digestive enzymes in larval yellowtail and winter flounder
Authors: Baglole C. J. , Goff G. P. , Wright G. M.
Published: April 2005

The distribution of digestive enzymes was studied using histoenzymological methods in yellowtail and winter flounder larvae reared on three different diets: live food, weaned at day 15, or starved. Alkaline phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, aminopeptidase M and esterase were present at 3 days post‐hatch and became differentially distributed coinciding with morphological development. For larvae fed a live diet, activity of these enzymes was present in the intestine of both species and rectum of yellowtail flounder. Alkaline phosphatase was also present in the post‐oesophageal swelling (stomach anlage) of winter flounder. Activity of all enzymes was absent in starved winter flounder larvae and a decrease in aminopeptidase M and esterase activity occurred in starved yellowtail flounder larvae. Acid phosphatase was not identified in either species. The eVect of weaning on enzymatic activity was not evaluated fully as the larvae did not survive long enough after the introduction of the artificial diet to complete experimentation.
Increase in the frequency of K‐ras codon 12 point mutation in colorectal carcinoma in elderly males in Japan: The 1990s compared with the 1960s
Authors: Kinoshita Hirokatsu , Yanagisawa Akio , Watanabe Toshiaki , Nagawa Hirokazu , Oya Masatoshi , Kato Yo , Muto Tetsuichiro
Published: April 2005

The incidence of colorectal carcinomas has been increasing over the last 50 years in Japan. In order to determine whether adenoma‐carcinoma sequence (ACS) or de novo cancer development, generally considered to be two separate genetic pathways, might be responsible, K‐ras codon 12 mutations, good markers for ACS, were examined in 59 and 84 cases of advanced colorectal cancer surgically resected in Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research in 1960–1969 and in 1990–1999, respectively. There was no significant difference of K‐ras codon 12 mutation between the 25.4% (15/59) in the 1960s and 36.9% (31/84) in the 1990s (P = 0.148), and the reference of distal colon cancer also showed no significant difference between 24.4% (11/45) and 36.4% (20/55). Yet elderly males showed a significant difference: 27.3% (6/22) in the 1960s and 59.3% (16/27) in the 1990s. The references of males, elderly patients (over 75 years old) and distal colon cancer in the 1990s were significantly more likely to demonstrate mutations than their counterparts in the 1960s. There was no variation with the tumor location. The results suggest that the ACS pathway might have primarily contributed to the increased incidence of colorectal cancer in elderly males in Japan. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 218 –220)
Roles of membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinase‐1 in tumor invasion and metastasis
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Takino Takahisa , Miyamori Hisashi
Published: April 2005

Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the first steps in tumor invasion and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been strongly implicated in this step. Membrane‐type MMP‐1 (MT1‐MMP) was first identified as an activator of proMMP‐2 expressed on the surface of tumor cells and later, not only ECM macromolecules but also various biologically important molecules, were shown to serve as substrates for MT1‐MMP. Accumulated lines of evidence have demonstrated that MT1‐MMP expression level is closely associated with invasiveness and malignancy of tumors, suggesting that MT1‐MMP is one of the most critical factors for tumor invasion and metastasis. Despite enthusiasm for MMP inhibitors, phase III trials have not yet demonstrated significance in overall survival and side‐effects remain an issue. An understanding of the functions of MT1‐MMP could supply clues for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting MT1‐MMP. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 212 –217)
StAR and progesterone producing enzymes (3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cholesterol side‐chain cleavage cytochromes P450) in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma: Immunohistochemical and real‐time PCR studies
Authors: Abd‐Elaziz Manar , Moriya Takuya , Akahira Jun‐ichi , Suzuki Takashi , Sasano Hironobu
Published: April 2005

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3 beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (3β‐HSD) are all involved in the transport of cholesterol and production of progesterone. In situ production of sex steroids including progesterone have been considered to play important roles in pathogenesis and/or development of common epithelial ovarian carcinomas. In this study, StAR, P450scc, and 3β‐HSD were immunolocalized in 100 cases of ovarian carcinoma and results were then correlated with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of individual patients including status of progesterone receptor (PR) in tumor cells. Results of immunohistochemistry were further characterized by real‐time PCR analysis in 20 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in which frozen tissues were available for examination. StAR, P450scc, and 3β‐HSD immunoreactivity was detected predominately in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. Results of real‐time PCR analysis were correlated with those of immunohistochemical studies. StAR, P450scc, and 3β‐HSD H scores demonstrated significant inversed statistical correlation with FIGO stage, residual size of the tumor, and Ki67 LI. A positive statistically significant correlation was detected between StAR H score and PR‐B LI. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that the status of intratumoral StAR, FIGO stage, and residual tumor size all turned out to be independent prognostic factors for the clinical outcome of the patient. The presence of StAR, a cholesterol transporter for steroidogenesis in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma, may reflect the ability of these tumors to produce progesterone in situ that could influence biological behavior of these tumors, especially through progesterone dependent inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 232 –239)
Identifying and assessing cases of child neglect: learning from the Irish experience
Authors: Horwath Jan
Published: April 2005

Although child neglect is arguably the most prevalent form of maltreatment in the western world, studies of social work practice in cases of child neglect are limited. This paper seeks to add to the body of knowledge by describing a small‐scale study completed in the Republic of Ireland of social work assessments in cases of child neglect. The findings are based primarily on an analysis of case files, but reference is also made to practitioners’ and managers’ responses to a postal questionnaire and focus groups. The study findings highlight that social workers interpret the assessment task and process in different ways. Variations in the interpretation of the task appear to be influenced by workload pressures, resources and local systems, with teams focusing either on immediate safeguarding issues or on both safeguarding and the longer‐term welfare of the child. Individual variations amongst workers irrespective of team were more apparent in the way practitioners approached the assessment task. For example, practice varied regarding which professionals and family members were contacted as part of the assessment, the type of communication workers had with children and carers, and the use the social workers made of information on case files. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the team in determining the focus of assessments and the subjective factors which impact on the way the individual social worker works with children, families and other professionals.
Interaction of the taxilin family with the nascent polypeptide‐associated complex that is involved in the transcriptional and translational processes
Authors: Yoshida Kenji , Nogami Satoru , Satoh Sachie , Tanaka‐Nakadate Sawako , Hiraishi Hideyuki , Terano Akira , Shirataki Hiromichi
Published: April 2005

α‐Taxilin is a novel binding partner of the syntaxin family, which is implicated in intracellular vesicle traffic. We have here found that α‐taxilin interacts with the nascent polypeptide‐associated complex (NAC), which is involved in transferring growing nascent polypeptide chains to appropriate co‐translationally acting factors. NAC is composed of two subunits, α‐ and βNACs. Both these subunits bound to α‐taxilin through its C‐terminal coiled‐coil region in dose‐dependent and saturable manners. The interactions of α‐taxilin with αNAC and NAC but not with βNAC were inhibited by syntaxin‐4, indicating that α‐taxilin binds to NAC mainly through its interaction with αNAC. When αNAC was over‐expressed in COS‐7 cells, αNAC was distributed in the cytosol and nucleus. However, co‐expression of the α‐taxilin fragment containing the αNAC‐binding region eliminated the nuclear distribution of over‐expressed αNAC. Moreover, other taxilin family members, β‐ and γ‐taxilins, also bound to αNAC and thereby affected the nuclear distribution of over‐expressed αNAC. Taken together with the evidence that αNAC functions in the nucleus as a transcriptional coactivator, our results raise the possibility that the taxilin family is involved not only in the translational process through its interaction with NAC but also in the transcriptional process through its interaction with αNAC alone.
Nurses’, midwives’ and patients’ perceptions of trained health care assistants
Authors: Keeney Sinead , Hasson Felicity , McKenna Hugh , Gillen Patricia
Published: April 2005

Aim.  This paper reports on part of a larger study and outlines Registered Nurses’ and Midwives’ perceptions of, and satisfaction with, trained health care assistants in a regional hospital setting in the Republic of Ireland.

Background.  An increased reliance upon health care assistants in the clinical setting has highlighted the need to consider how staff and patients perceive the health care assistant role.

Findings.  Nurses were satisfied with the work undertaken by trained health care assistants and considered that they contributed positively to patient care and supported nurses/midwives by undertaking non‐professional duties. However, maternity clients reported that health care assistants were mostly giving direct care, and their availability was perceived to be better than that of qualified staff. Some nurses/midwives were reluctant to assume responsibility for delegation of direct care duties to health care assistants.

Conclusion.  The employment of health care assistants yields positive outcomes for staff and female clients but consideration must be given to role clarity. Further research into how qualified staff perceive health care assistants is important as such perceptions influence delegation, integration, role development and acceptance of health care assistants.