bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elderly readmission and death after discharge from treatment of hip fracture, occurred in public hospitals from 2008 to 2010, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Paula Fátima de Lima , Cunha Geraldo Marcelo da , Leite Iúri da Costa , Pinheiro Rejane Sobrino , Valente Joaquim Gonçalves
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of death and readmission of a cohort of elderly patients discharged after hip fracture treatment from hospitals of the public health system; to describe the causes of these events; and to compare the rates of readmission and death observed with those of the elderly population hospitalized in public hospitals of Rio de Janeiro city. METHODS: Data on deaths and readmissions were obtained through the linkage of these two data sources: the Hospital Information System of the Sistema Único de Saúde and the Mortality Information System from the city of Rio de Janeiro. The time frame for the study was 2008 to 2011. The population consisted of 2,612 individuals aged 60 years or older with nonelective hospitalization for hip fracture who were followed for a year after discharge. RESULTS: The readmission rate in one year, excluding the deaths in this period, was 17.8%, and the death rate was 18.6%. The most common causes of death were circulatory system diseases (29.5%). Approximately 15% of the causes of readmissions were surgical complications. The state hospitals showed lower readmission risks and higher death risks compared with the federal and municipal hospitals. It was observed that there is an excess risk of readmission and hospitalization of the study population compared with the elderly population hospitalized in the public hospitals of the city. CONCLUSION: Hospitalization of elderly individuals for hip fracture causes adverse outcomes such as readmissions and deaths. Many of these outcomes can be prevented from actions recommended in the National Policy for the Elderly Health.
Structure of the parasites communities in two Erythrinidae fish from Amazon river system (Brazil)
Authors: Alcântara Natália Milhomem , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: June 2015

This study compared the parasite communities of Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus from Amazon river system. Hoplias malabaricus were infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Tetrahymena sp., Urocleidoides eremitus, Braga patagonica, metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum, Procamallanus(Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, larvae of Contracaecum sp. and larvae of Nomimoscolex matogrossensis. Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus were also infected by these same species of protozoans, nematodes, digeneans and cestodes, except for Tetrahymena sp. and B. patagonica, which were replaced by Argulus pestifer, Urocleidoides sp., Whittingtonocotylecaetei, Whittingtonocotyle jeju and Gorytocephalus spectabilis. For both hosts, I. multifiliis and P. pillulare were the predominant parasites. Most of the parasites presented an overdispersion. Parasite species richness, Brillouin diversity, evenness and Berger-Parker dominance were similar for the two hosts. The length and weight of H. malabaricusshowed a positive correlation with the abundance of U. eremitusand Contracaecum sp., while the weight of H. unitaeniatus showed a positive correlation with the abundance of I. multifiliis. The diversity of ectoparasites seemed to be influenced by the behavior of these two hosts. This was shown by the similar parasite communities and was characterized by low species diversity, low evenness and low richness, and by a high prevalence of ectoparasites.
Numerical study of advective flow through composite liners
Authors: Bannour Hajer , Goblet Patrick , Mendes Marianna , Touze-Foltz Nathalie
Published: June 2015

This study presents numerical simulations of advective flow through a composite geomembrane geosynthetic clay liner (GMB-GCL). In the past, GCLs were considered homogeneous materials, but they actually consist of a special layered composite structure that combines two types of materials, geotextiles and bentonite, which are connected together by various processes. One could imagine that, when the GCL hydrates, the different water-retention properties of the geotextile and the bentonite affect the hydraulic behaviour of engineered systems, including GMB-GCL composite liners. To investigate this question, the advective flow through a composite liner modelled as a GCL and a damaged GMB was numerically simulated to evaluate how the hydraulic properties of the unsaturated geotextile and bentonite influences the temporal evolution of advective flow through composite liners. Results are compared with measured water-retention curves of geotextiles and bentonite. The simulation indicates that the reproduced flow rate is influenced by the desaturation of the geotextile that occurs as the bentonite hydrates. The reduction in flow rate is thus governed by the hydraulic conductivities of the geotextile and the bentonite, both of which vary with degree of saturation.
The Impact of Reward on Employee Performance (A Case Study of Malakand Private School)
Authors: Ibrar Muhammad , Khan Owais
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate how to employee performance impact on reward in private school. The study also aims to show how to employee improve the performance has in reward system. Design/methodology/approach: Questionnaire is used as instrument and 100 questionnaires were used to check the respondent’s opinion. Findings: descriptive analysis, correlation and multiple regression tests were applied for data analysis. Conclution: Study concludes that there is positive relationship between rewards (extrinsic and intrinsic) and employee’s job performance. Most of the organizations implement rewards system to increase the job performance and job satisfaction. Originality/value: By reviewing the different finding that the reward and employee performance. the contribution of this paper is to look at how to finding the effective solution of employee performance will be in reward system inter-organisational and school. Study of paper: The study of this paper is exploratry is qualitative study of research.
L’aménagement linguistique en milieu scolaire francophone minoritaire en Ontario et l’accès aux études postsecondaires: interprétations et retombées
Authors: Lamoureux Sylvie A.
Published: June 2015

Cet article porte un regard critique sur un moment précis du parcours scolaire des jeunes de l’Ontario français qui passe surtout sous silence— la transition de l’école secondaire aux études postsecondaires. L’analyse des résultats de trois recherches sur l’accès direct aux études postsecondaires des diplômés des écoles de langue française de l’Ontario, à la lumière du corpus de recherche sur l’accès aux études postsecondaires en général, mène à deux conclusions. L’interprétation étroite de la Politique d’aménagement linguistique (PAL) (Ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario, 2004a, 2004b) par les orienteurs scolaires des écoles secondaires de langue française de l’Ontario n’encourage pas la pleine vitalité linguistique de la communauté francophone. Cette même interprétation étroite de la PAL, qui mise uniquement sur l’accès des francophones aux établissements postsecondaires bilingues et francophones, ne permettra pas d’éliminer ou de réduire l’écart de participation des francophones aux études postsecondaires puisqu’elle ne tient pas compte de l’envergure des obstacles géographiques à la participation aux études postsecondaires (Frenette, 2002, 2003 ; Labrie, Lamoureux et Wilson, 2009 ; Lamoureux, 2007a).
Plurilinguismes, territoires, trajectoires : des compétences aux identités plurilingues
Authors: Moore Danièle
Published: June 2015

Cette introduction vise à présenter diverses orientations et contributions de chercheurs canadiens et européens sur les questions de contacts et de développements plurilingues, dans des situations diverses de mobilités (géographiques, professionnelles, virtuelles, symboliques). La mise enregard des contributions cherche à éclairer comment l’étude des trajectoires de mobilité peut permettre de réfléchir ce qu’est une compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle.
Approche systématique des parcours migratoires : pour une meilleure prise en compte de la pluralité
Authors: Thamin Nathalie
Published: June 2015

Notre contribution s’inscrit dans les champs de la « sociolinguistique de la migration », des langues en contact et dans la problématique du plurilinguisme et cherche à prendre en compte la dynamique du plurilinguisme des acteurs sociaux en situation de mobilité contemporaine (géographique, professionnelle, virtuelle, . . .), en montrant comment les pratiques langagières et celles de mobilité se co-contruisent. Dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale et dans une perspective ethno-sociologique, nous avons réalisé quarante et un entretiens biographiques auprès de migrants plurilingues vivant en France, dont vingt-cinq salariés en entreprise internationale. L’un des objectifs de la recherche a consisté à mettre en valeur les ressources langagières individuelles dans une perspective (socio)-didactique de valorisation des compétences plurilingues, pluriculturelles) et de mobilité. Nous reviendrons, chemin faisant, sur nos choix théoriques : la mobilité et la migration sont envisagées dans une approche systémique et transdisciplinaire, avec un intérêt porté à la notion de circulation migratoire ou de réversibilité des parcours. On insistera sur l’importance de la prise en compte des cultures pré-migratoires—dont le capital pluriel antérieur de mobilité, linguistique et culturel—mais aussi sur les notions de savoir-circuler et savoir-migrer. Nous reviendrons par la suite sur nos choix méthodologiques, avant de convoquer quelques éléments d’analyse issus de notre corpus concernant le lien entre pratiques langagières et mobilité « virtuelle ».
Repenser la formation des maîtres aux TIC : défis et opportunités
Authors: Piccardo Enrica
Published: June 2015

La disponibilité croissante des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans les établissements scolaires ouvre des perspectives intéressantes au niveau de l’enseignement des langues supplémentaires. Plusieurs études confirment la possibilité pour les TIC de contribuer à rendre les apprenants plus impliqués et les cours plus « authentiques » dans la mesure où ceux-ci intègrent des ressources actuelles et pas nécessairement didactisées et favorisent à leur tour une production ciblée de qualité. Beaucoup moins d’études analysent la représentation des TIC qu’ont les enseignants ainsi que leurs besoins—réels ou perçus comme tels— en termes de ressources, d’équipement, de savoir-faire professionnel spécifique. En partant des données issues d’une étude menée auprès d’un échantillon d’enseignants de français langue seconde (FLS) en Ontario, cette contribution vise un double but : faire le point sur les expériences, les attitudes et la perception des enseignants dans le domaine de l’intégration des TIC, et analyser les facteurs qui entravent une intégration pleine et efficace de ces mêmes technologies. Les données ont permis d’élaborer un cadre de référence qui synthétise les besoins des enseignants par rapport aux TIC. Ce cadre sert de point de départ pour interroger la place des TIC dans la formation des maîtres. On s’interroge aussi sur le rôle des TIC dans la formation d’enseignants stratégiques, c’est-à-dire capables de moduler leur agir professionnel en traduisant les principes théoriques dans des choix adaptés aux différents contextes.
Le modèle FCP de l’Université Simon Fraser : une immersion multidisciplinaire, expérientielle et communautaire
Authors: Cenerelli Bettina B.
Published: June 2015

Dans cet article, l’auteure présente le modèle d’immersion utilisé dans le French Cohort Program(FCP) de l’Université Simon Fraser en Colombie- Britannique. Les cours du FCP forment un ensemble intégré d’immersion caractérisé par un apprentissage multidisciplinaire, expérientiel et communautaire. L’article explique le caractère unique de ce programme, unique non seulement en raison de son rôle au niveau de l’éducation postsecondaire en langue française, mais également en raison des étudiants qu’il attire et des modèles d’enseignement qu’il met de l’avant.
Defense Mechanisms and Thinking Styles
Authors: Zhang Li-fang
Published: June 2015

The principal objective of this research was to examine the value of thinking styles and that of defense mechanisms by identifying the predictive power of thinking styles for defense mechanisms, controlling for key demographics and social desirability. The preliminary objective was to construct and test an alternative form of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI-AF). Three hundred and thirty-eight university students from mainland China responded to the DMI-AF, the Thinking Styles Inventory—Revised II, and the Paulhus Deception Scales. Results showed that the psychometric properties of the 4-vignette Likert-scaled DMI-AF were similar to those previously obtained by using the original 10-vignette DMI in both forced-choice and Likert-scaled formats. When age, gender, academic discipline, and social desirability were taken into account, thinking styles significantly predicted defense mechanisms—largely in the expected directions. Implications of the findings are discussed for university students and academics.
Water and sanitation hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among school settings in rural Chennai
Authors: Vishnupriya S. , Prasad Satish , Kasav Jyoti Bala , Trout Kate , Murthy Shruti , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan , Joshi Ashish
Published: June 2015

This pilot cross-sectional study was conducted to assess water and sanitation hygiene-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) among rural school students in Chennai, South India in September 2013. A convenient sample of 80 participants (70 children and 10 staff members) was enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria included participants residing in rural areas and studying in a government school. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and school characteristics and water and sanitation hygiene (WASH)-related KAP. The mean age of the students was 14 years (SD = 2) and half of them were females. The school had a government drinking water supply and did not use any water treatment/purification method. The majority of the participants had correct WASH-related knowledge. However, one-third of the students reported diarrheal episodes in the school due to unsafe drinking water. There was disparity in the response of the students compared to the staff about toilet facilities in the school. This study concluded that there is a need for multifaceted intervention that will facilitate adequate water and sanitation hygiene practices among school children through the availability of proper sanitation infrastructure and family-centered education.
Exploring the utility of diffusion theory to evaluate social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation in Malawi
Authors: Cole B. , DeGabriele J. , Ho G. , Anda M.
Published: June 2015

This study examines diffusion theory as an explanatory framework for the adoption of an ecological toilet by ‘first-moving’ customers in an urban setting in Malawi. The study was conducted during the early stages of a social marketing programme. A pragmatic paradigm was applied to address three research questions using mixed methods. The qualitative investigation formed the primary component of the study and interviewed 14 customers who were selected to receive micro-finance loans to purchase the ecological toilet. These 14 customers were labelled ‘first movers’. The study identified that ‘first movers’ only partially displayed characteristics of ‘innovators’ and the product met three of five characteristics associated with successful rates of diffusion. Improving the trialability and simplicity of the product, through field-testing, human-centred or participatory design approaches could improve the likelihood of the product attaining the characteristics that support successful diffusion. Organisations that apply social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation coverage may improve their efficacy, equity and cost-effectiveness by utilising diffusion theory as the theoretical framework to design, implement and evaluate their programmes.
Putting WASH in the water cycle: climate change, water resources and the future of water, sanitation and hygiene challenges in Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Hadwen Wade L. , Powell Bronwyn , MacDonald Morgan C. , Elliott Mark , Chan Terence , Gernjak Wolfgang , Aalbersberg William G. L.
Published: June 2015

The Pacific region presents some of the lowest water and sanitation coverage figures globally, with some countries showing stagnating or even declining access to improved water and sanitation. In addition, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are among the most vulnerable countries on the globe to extreme and variable climatic events and sea-level rise caused by climate change. By exploring the state of water and sanitation coverage in PICs and projected climatic variations, we add to the growing case for conserving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions within a holistic integrated water resource management (IWRM) framework. PICs face unique challenges of increasing variability in rainfall (leading to drought and flooding), increasing temperatures, and likely higher than average sea-level rise, all of which impact on freshwater security. Add to this geographic and economic isolation, and limited human and physical resources, and the challenge of WASH provision increases dramatically. In this setting, there is a stronger case than ever for adopting a holistic systems understanding, as promoted by IWRM frameworks, to WASH interventions so that they consider past and current challenges as well as future scenarios.
Use of permeable reactive barrier to mitigate groundwater nitrate contamination from on-site sanitation
Authors: Rao Sudhakar M. , Malini R.
Published: June 2015

Nearly 50% of India's population depends on variants of pit-toilet systems for human waste disposal. Nitrate contamination of groundwater by pit-toilet leachate is a major environmental concern in the country as it sources a major proportion (50–80%) of potable water from aquifers. Therefore, minimizing nitrate contamination of groundwater due to leachate infiltration from pit-toilet systems is essential. Batch and column experiments demonstrated the capability of bentonite-enhanced sand (BES) specimens to reduce nitrate concentrations in synthetic solutions (initial NO3-N concentration = 22.7 mg/L, C/N = 3) by about 85–90% in 10 to 24 hour by a heterotrophic denitrification process. Based on the laboratory results, it is recommended that use of a BES-permeable reactive barrier layer at the base of pit-toilets will facilitate heterotrophic denitrification and mitigate nitrate contamination of the underlying aquifer.
Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire ThyPRO in thyroid patients in Serbia
Authors: Bukvic Branka , Zivaljevic Vladan , Sipetic Sandra , Diklic Aleksandar , Tausanovic Katarina , Paunovic Ivan
Published: June 2015

Backgraund/Aim. The Thyroid Specific Patient Reported Outcome Measure
(ThyPRO) questionnaire is self-administered and intended to measure quality
of life of thyroid patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the
validity and reliability of the translated new, ThyPRO questionnaire in
Serbian patients with thyroid disease. Methods. The translation process
followed an internationally accepted methodology. The questionnaire was
validated in 100 consecutive thyroid patients hospitalized in a tertiary
level hospital, between April and August 2012. Internal reliabilities of
ThyPRO scales were assesessed using Cronbach?s ? coefficient. Association
between age, gender, education, marital and employment status, place of
living, diagnosis, current treatment, hormonal status and patient quality of
life were determined using Pearson?s (r) and Spearman?s (q) correlation
coefficients. Results. Internal consistency and reliability for ThyPRO scales
were satisfactory. Cronbach?s ? coefficients of 13 multi-item scales of the
ThyPRO were > 0.83 (range 0.83-0.95). The scores, obtained by this
questionnaire, correlated significantly with patients gender, employment
status, diagnosis, current treatment and place of living. A highly
significant inverse relationship was found between scores and hormonal status
as well as between scores and disease duration. Patients? age, marital status
and thyroid-stimulating hormone level did not influence any scale score.
Conclusion. The ThyPRO may be useful in measuring health-related quality of
life in patients with thyroid disease in Serbia.
Perceived Autonomy Support and Behavioral Engagement in Physical Education: A Conditional Process Model of Positive Emotion and Autonomous Motivation
Authors: Yoo Jin
Published: June 2015

A variety of theoretical perspectives describe the crucial behavioral roles of motivation and emotion, but how these interact with perceptions of social contexts and behaviors is less well understood. This study examined whether autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between perceived autonomy support and behavioral engagement in physical education and whether this mediating process was moderated by positive emotion. A sample of 592 Korean middle-school students (304 boys, 288 girls; M age = 14.0yr., SD = 0.8) completed questionnaires. Autonomous motivation partially mediated the positive association between perceived autonomy support and behavioral engagement. Positive emotion moderated the relationship between autonomous motivation and behavioral engagement. This indirect link was stronger as positive emotion increased. These findings suggest the importance of integrating emotion into motivational processes to understand how and when perceived autonomy support is associated with behavioral engagement in physical education.
In-situ-Erfassung der Werkstoffumwandlung und Gefügeausbildung von Schmiedebauteilen im Abkühlpfad
Authors: Bruchwald O. , Frackowiak W. , Bucquet T. , Huskic A. , Reimche W. , Maier H. J.
Published: June 2015

Kurzfassung

In der AiF-Initiative „Leittechnologien für Morgen – Ressourceneffiziente Prozesskette für Hochleistungsbauteile – EcoForge“ wurde unter der Zielsetzung der Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und Ressourcenschonung eine verkürzte Schmiedeprozesskette für Hochleistungsbauteile, ausgerichtet auf den Leichtbau und eine inhärente Bauteilsicherheit, entwickelt. Ein Aspekt im Hinblick auf die Verkürzung der Prozesskette war dabei die sensorkontrollierte und gesteuerte bainitische Umwandlung hochfester, duktiler, bainitischer Stähle (HDB) direkt aus der Schmiedewärme. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes „Sensorkontrollierte Werkstoffumwandlung“ wurde ein Bainitsensor-Prüfsystem mit einer speziell ausgerichteten, robusten Sensortechnik entwickelt, das die zerstörungsfreie und berührungslose In-situ-Erfassung der Werkstoffumwandlung sowie der Phasen- und Gefügeausbildung von Hochleistungsbauteilen aus Stahlwerkstoffen während der Abkühlung aus dem Austenitgebiet ermöglicht. In Kombination mit einer Abkühlung im Wasser-Luft-Sprayfeld konnte eine gesteuerte und individuell angepasste Abkühlung von Schmiedebauteilen direkt aus der Schmiedewärme und die gezielte Einstellung von Gefügen und Bauteileigenschaften realisiert werden. Durch den Einsatz des Bainitsensor-Prüfsystems lassen sich der Umwandlungsbeginn, der aktuelle Umwandlungsgrad und das Umwandlungsende – auch unter industriellen Randbedingungen – zuverlässig erfassen, die Gefügeausbildung von Ferrit-Perlit, Bainit und Martensit bereits im Abkühlpfad anhand charakteristischer Signalverläufe unterscheiden und klassifizieren sowie eine Quantifizierung der Gefügeanteile in Mischgefügen vornehmen. Aufgrund seiner Robustheit sowie der Möglichkeit, Messsignalverläufe online im Prozessablauf auszuwerten und Effekte wie Randentkohlung oder Verzunderung empfindlich nachzuweisen, ist das Prüfsystem neben der Erfassung der Werkstoffumwandlung zudem zur Online-Qualitätssicherung in industriellen Schmiede- und Wärmebehandlungslinien geeignet.
Gouvernance démocratique et circulation des savoirs
Authors: Gand Sébastien
Published: June 2015

Des entreprises de l’ESS revendiquent un fonctionnement démocratique dont l’articulation avec la gestion d’une activité économique concurrentielle est source de tensions managériales. L’article traite d’une tension spécifique, liée à la différenciation des savoirs et des compétences entre les membres, qui fait courir le risque d’une déliquescence de la gouvernance démocratique. L’étude du cas d’une entreprise de plusieurs centaines de membres permet d’explorer la conception de dispositifs de gestion adaptés, organisant la circulation des savoirs et les apprentissages.
La politique d’achat d’une coopérative de solidarité en environnement
Authors: Bouchard Marie J. , Michaud Valérie
Published: June 2015

La gestion des entreprises sociales et solidaires est marquée par diverses tensions, que ce soit entre visées ou parties prenantes multiples. Cet article aborde la gestion de ces tensions sous l’angle d’un outil de gestion, une politique d’achat, au sein d’une coopérative de solidarité en environnement. L’étude de l’évolution de cette politique et de son application révèle le rôle d’objet de médiation qu’elle joue pour diverses tensions (de belonging, d’organizing et de performing), ainsi qu’une tension entre idéaux et pratiques.
Association between in-hospital adverse events and mortality for patients with brain tumors
Authors: Nuño Miriam , Carico Christine , Mukherjee Debraj , Ly Diana , Ortega Alicia , Black Keith L. , Patil Chirag G.
Published: June 2015

OBJECT

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators (PSIs) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) are administrative data-based metrics. The use of these outcomes as standard performance measures has been discussed in previous studies. With the objective of determining the applicability of these events as performance metrics among patients undergoing brain tumor surgery, this study had 2 aims: 1) to evaluate the association between PSIs, HACs, and in-hospital mortality rates; and 2) to determine a correlation between hospital volume, PSIs, and HACs.

METHODS

Patients with brain tumors treated between 1998 and 2009 were captured in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Hospitals were categorized into groups according to surgical volume. Associations between PSIs, HACs, and in-hospital mortality rates were studied. Factors associated with a PSI, HAC, and mortality were evaluated in a multivariate setting.

RESULTS

A total of 444,751 patients with brain tumors underwent surgery in 1311 hospitals nationwide. Of these, 7.4% of patients experienced a PSI, 0.4% an HAC, and 1.9% died during their hospitalization. The occurrence of a PSI was strongly associated with mortality. Patients were 7.6 times more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.6, CI 6.7–8.7) with the occurrence of a PSI in a multivariate analysis. Moderate to strong associations were found between HACs, PSIs, and hospital volume. Patients treated at the highest-volume hospitals compared with the lowest-volume ones had reduced odds of a PSI (aOR 0.9, CI 0.8–1.0) and HAC (aOR 0.5, CI 0.5–0.08).

CONCLUSIONS

Patient safety-related adverse events were strongly associated with in-hospital mortality. Moderate to strong correlations were found between PSIs, HACs, and hospital procedural volume. Patients treated at the highest-volume hospitals had consistently lower rates of mortality, PSIs, and HACs compared with those treated at the lowest-volume facilities.
Intrasylvian hematoma caused by ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms predicts recovery from poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Fukuda Hitoshi , Hayashi Kosuke , Moriya Takafumi , Nakashita Satoru , Lo Benjamin W. Y. , Yamagata Sen
Published: June 2015

OBJECT

Intrasylvian hematoma (ISH) is a subtype of intracranial hematoma caused by aneurysmal rupture and often presents with a poor initial neurological grade; it is not well studied. The aim of this study was to elucidate outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with ISH.

METHODS

Data for 97 patients with poor-grade SAH (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grade IV or V) were retrospectively analyzed from a single-center, prospective, observational cohort database. Ultra-early surgical clipping, removal of hematoma, external decompression for brain swelling, and prevention of vasospasm by cisternal irrigation with milrinone were combined as an aggressive treatment. Characteristics and clinical courses of SAH with ISH were identified. The authors also evaluated any correlations between poor admission-grade SAH and ISH with good functional outcome.

RESULTS

Patients with poor admission-grade SAH and with ISH were more likely to have initial cerebral edema (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test), which significantly resolved overtime (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test). These patients had a better chance of functional survival (modified Rankin Scale scores of 1–3; OR 5.75; 95% CI 1.36–24.3; p = 0.017) at 6 months after hospital discharge, after adjustment for potential confounders such as younger age and better initial neurological grade by multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

ISH predicted good functional recovery from poor-grade aneurysmal SAH.
Endoscopic endonasal approach to the lateral orbital apex: case report
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz A. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: June 2015

Although the medial and inferior orbital apex are considered safely accessible using the endonasal endoscopic approach, the lateral apex has been considered unsafe to access since the optic nerve lies between the surgeon and the pathology. The authors present the case of a 4-year-old girl with recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma attached to the lateral rectus muscle located lateral and inferior to the optic nerve in the orbital apex. The tumor was totally resected through an endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary transpterygoidal approach using a 45° endoscope. A gross-total resection was achieved, and the patient’s vision was unchanged. This procedure is a safe, minimal-access alternative to open procedures in selected cases and provides evidence that increases the applicability of the endonasal endoscopic approach to reach the lateral compartment of the orbital apex.
Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration in Soils under Different Residue Management
Authors: Rahman M Mizanur
Published: June 2015

A study was conducted at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during August 2011 to May 2012 in two consecutive rice seasons of T. aman and Boro using three types of organic residues viz. poultry manure, cowdung and rice straw as treatments to quantify their effects on soil carbon, nitrogen, carbon sequestration and CO2 emission. Poultry manure was found efficient to increase carbon and nitrogen contents in soils compared to rice straw and cowdung, which decreased with increased soil depths irrespective of residues. Rice straw released more CO2 compared to poultry manure and cowdung. However, a positive trend of carbon enrichment in soils was found with the application these residues. The carbon sequestration in soils under poultry manure was 1.46 t ha-1, while it was 1.26 and 1.19 t ha-1 in cowdung and rice straw, respectively. Application of poultry manure and cowdung in soils should be considered and recommended to increase carbon stock and fetch multiple benefits in agriculture. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 48-55
Transfer of Arsenic from Groundwater and Paddy Soil to Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain: A Micro Level Study in Chandina, Comilla
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Farazi Md. Mohashin , Begum Kohinoor , Islam Md. Serazul
Published: June 2015

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major food crops in many countries. As the cultivation of rice requires huge volume of water, long term use of Arsenic contaminated groundwater for irrigation may result in the increase of arsenic concentration in the agricultural soil and eventually accumulation in rice grains. A micro level study was conducted to investigate the transfer of arsenic from irrigation water and soil to rice plants in the arsenic affected 8 unions of Chandina upazilla, Comilla district. The level of arsenic in irrigation water (0.12±0.08 and 0.67±0.07 mg l-1) was much above the WHO permissible limit of 0.01 mg l-1 for drinking water and FAO permissible limit of 0.10 mg l-1 for irrigation water. The total soil arsenic concentrations ranged from 3.21±0.80 to 8.74±2.83 mg kg-1 dry weight of soil, which was below the maximum acceptable limit for agricultural soil of 20.0 mg kg-1 as recommended by the European Community. The accumulation of arsenic in the grain ranged from 0.12±0.04 to 0.58±0.06 mg kg-1 in Boro and 0.16±0.04 to 1.06±0.20 mg kg-1 in T. Aman. Except grain sample (T. Aman) of one union, the grains in both Boro and T. Aman of all unions did not exceed 1.0 mg kg-1 dry weight of arsenic (the permissible limit of arsenic in rice according to WHO recommendation). Thus, till now rice has remained harmless for consumption in the study area. The results clearly showed that the arsenic content in the grains of Boro rice is correlated to the intensity of arsenic contamination of irrigation water and soil. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 74-82
Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Women of Child Bearing Age and its Association with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Antibody Status
Authors: Rima Shakila Zaman , Islam SM Moinul , Nahar Nazmun , Ara Rawshan , Chakraborty Ratan Kumar , Khan Nasim , Hossain Gazi Abul , Mahmood Saiyeeda , Hasan Mizanul
Published: June 2015

Thyroid disorders are prevalent in women of childbearing age and for this reason commonly present in pregnancy and the puerperium. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common and extensively studied organ-specific autoimmune disorder and it has important consequences on fertility, the occurrence of pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcome. Across sectional analytical study has been carried out on autoimmune thyroiditisamong the women of child bearing age with suspected thyroid disorders in the Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound, Mymensingh during the period of July, 2011 to June, 2012.The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in women of child bearing age and to determine the association of autoimmune thyroiditis with thyroid function and thyroid antibody status. In the present study, 100 women of childbearing age (15-45Yrs) with any sorts of suspected thyroid disorders were included. But already diagnosed all follow up cases were excluded from the study. High Resolution Ultrasonography (HRUS) had been taken as principal modality of diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis. T3, T4 and TSH were taken as an important indicator for thyroid function status. Serum TM-Ab (Thyroid Microsomal Antibody) level and serum Tg-Ab (Thyroglobulin Antibody) level were measured to see the thyroid antibody status. In the present study, prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis among the women of childbearing age with suspected thyroid disorders was found 41%. According to the thyroid function status, 65.85% AIT patients were found in hypothyroid state, 29.27% in subclinical hypothyroid state and rest 4.88% were found in euthyroid state. In consideration of thyroid antibody status, 69.23% AIT patients were positive & 30.77% were negative for thyroid autoantibody. This study revealed that there were significant association of AIT with the biochemical hypothyroid state and positive thyroid antibody status DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22487 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 14-24, January 2014
Thyroid remnant volume and Radioiodine ablation in Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Miah Md Sayedur Rahman , Islam Md Reajul , Siddika Tanjim
Published: June 2015

Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the thyroid remnant volume and to see the effect of radioiodine ablation on thyroid remnant volume. Methods: A retrospective analysis of seventy-one differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients treated with high dose radioiodine (I-131) for post surgical ablation of thyroid remnants were done in Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Comilla of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. Female were 60 and male were 11 with female-male ration of 5.5:1. All patients enrolled during the period from January 2001 to December 2011. The age range of the patients was 15 years to 90 years. The thyroid remnant volumes were determined by SPECT scintigraphy. High dose radioiodine (I-131) ablations were done with doses ranged from 2.77 GBq (75mCi) to 5.55 GBq (175 mCi). A successful ablation was defined as the absence of activity in the thyroid bed on subsequent imaging studies. Results: Fifty-nine patients (83.1%) showed complete ablation and twelve (16.9%) showed partial ablation of thyroid remnants after radioiodine therapy. The remnant thyroid volume as determined from scintigraphic images was significantly different (p = 0.048) between them who were completely ablated and them who were partially ablated. It was also observed that in complete ablation, 52.5% had thyroid remnant volume <1.0 gm, 40.7% had 1.1 to 2.0 gm, 5.1% had 2.1 to 3.0 gm and 1.7% had > 3.0 gm. i.e., The smaller the volume of thyroid remnant, better the response and larger the volume, the poorer the response to radioiodine. Conclusions: Successful ablation of thyroid remnants significantly depends on their volume and the successful ablation is inversely related with thyroid remnant volume. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22492 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 55-60, January 2014
Hemi agenesis of Thyroid Gland in a Euthyroid Child having Positive Family History of Thyroid Disorder
Authors: Salekin Mohammad Simoon , Begum Fatima , Mokaddema Mohshi Um , Chowdhury Md Sunny Anam , Sultana Sadia , Nahar Nurun
Published: June 2015

Thyroid Hemiagenesis (THA) is a rare form of thyroid developmental anomaly. This developmental defect may or may not coincide with hormonal dysfunction. The detection of anomaly is quite incidental and infrequently found during investigations assessing thyroid functions. A three years old boy presented with gradual swelling in front of neck during last 2 months. He had no history of delayed milestones. Ultrasound imaging and thyroid scan by 99m -Technetium- pertechnetate revealed hemi agenetic development of left lobe of thyroid gland. His biochemical assessment showed euthyroid state. He had positive family history with hypothyroid maternal grandmother and congenital hypothyroid maternal cousin. Ultrasonography and thyroid scan are useful tools for demonstrating this form of dysgenesis of thyroid gland. Follow up monitoring of thyroid function at regular interval in children with congenital anomaly of thyroid gland should be done to take timely measures, if required. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22501 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 104-110, January 2014
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Presented with Huge Bone Metastases  Right Ileum and Frontal Bones
Authors: Begum Fatima , Sultana Sadia , Ali Nabeel Fahmi , Mokaddema Mohshi Um , Nahar Nurun
Published: June 2015

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) without metastases is most curable cancer. However, it rarely metastasizes to bone and in those cases prognosis is poor. A 55 years old female has presented with history of painless swelling on frontal region of skull for one year and limping gait to National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) in September 2013. She also had total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter in early 2013. She had history of excision of swelling on frontal region in July of same year. Histopathological report of excised mass confirmed metastatic PTC. The patient again developed visible swelling on frontal region of skull suggesting recurrence. Her serum TSH was low 0.89 mIU/L without levothyroxine supplement may be due to thyroid hormones produced from metastatic masses. Serum thyroglobulin level was 464 ng/ml. X-ray of pelvis and skull showed huge soft tissue masses arising from right ileum and a lytic lesion on posterior aspect of frontal region. Whole body bone scan with 99m Technetium methylene diphosphonate (MDP) revealed a doughnut lesion of frontal bone and a big lesion with hot and cold areas in right ileum and. On ultrasound scan, there was huge solid mass (about 10.0 cm× 7.0 cm) with some inhomogeneity and central cystic changes in medial aspect of right hip bone extending to pelvic cavity. Similar mass corresponded the visible swelling on skull. This mass was extended to intracranial region. Color Doppler study showed vascularity within and at margins of masses. To avoid risk of raised intracranial pressure following radioiodine therapy we sent the patient for external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for reduction of the size of masses. Patient under went 5 cycles of EBRT (total 2000 c Gy in each lesion) but there were no reductions of sizes within one month follow up period. Small bony metastatic lesions from PTC in early stage are curable by surgical removal and repeated dose of radioiodine therapy. PTC with multiple advanced bony metastases shows poor prognosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22504 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 125-132, January 2014
EVALUATION OF VACCINATION PROGRAMMES AGAINST GUMBORO DISEASE WITH PERSISTANCE OF MATERNALLY DERIVED ANTIBODY IN BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Paul BK , Huque AKMF , Kabir SML , Alam J , Badhy SC
Published: June 2015

The study was carried out to evaluate the vaccination programmes with Nobilis® Gumboro D78 (Intervet, Netherland) against Gumboro disease with persistance of maternally derived antibody in broiler chickens during two month period from August to September 2003 in Sherpur district of Bangladesh. A total of seven farms were selected, of which owners of five farms practiced their own vaccination programme i.e., primary vaccination at 5 (three farms), 7 and 8 days old with no booster against infections bursal disease (IBD) whereas imposed vaccination schedule (primary vaccination at 14 days old with a booster at 28 days old) was implemented in the remaining two farms. The vaccination programmes were evaluated by determining the antibody titres before and after vaccination and by morbidity and mortality of the vaccinated chickens against Gumboro disease. The present investigation demonstrated that mortality of chickens occurred in farms in which the birds were vaccinated between 5 to 7 days of age. The present result revealed that 7 days after primary vaccination the titer level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the farms in which the farmers followed their own vaccination schedule. The present result also demonstrated that the mean titer before primary vaccination was 1276.8 ± 43.84 but seven days after vaccination it increased (1434.2 ± 29.97) insignificantly (p > 0.05) and this increasing rend continued up to 14 days after vaccination that is upto the age of 28 days (1549.6 ± 33.38) and seven days after booster dose that is at the age of day 35 the mean titer increased (2886.60 ± 80.67) significantly (p < 0.05) in the remaining two farms where the imposed vaccination programme was implemented. The present results obviously demonstrated that maternal antibody level decreasing about half within five days and decreased to negative level (364.00 ± 9.25) by the day 20. From the present study it may be concluded that broiler birds may primarily be vaccinated at the age of around day 14 with a booster at 28 days old.
HISTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SPERM-HOST GLANDS (SHG) IN THE OVIDUCT OF NATIVE CHICKEN (GALLUS DOMESTICUS)
Authors: Das SK , Khan MZI , Alam MS , Uddin MM , Islam MS , Siddiqui MSI
Published: June 2015

Blood supply to the uterova.-inal sperm-host glands of native chicken was investigated in the present study using light microscopy (X40) during the period from January to June 2002. Samples were collected from the oviduct of deshi chicken and stained with H and E stain in Histology Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy and Histology, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Results of the present study revealed that the arterial and venous capillaries were present mainly in the submucosa, also in the core of the villi of the oviduct. However, the evidence for the blood supply of the sperm-host glands in the chicken's oviduct suggesting nutlitional supplies to these glands as well as spermatozoa.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO COMPOSITE FORMALIN-INACTIVATED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN RABBITS
Authors: Avais M , Muhammad G , Shahzad A , Bilal MQ , Hameed S
Published: June 2015

Twenty buffaloes clinically positive for mastitis were selected for the collection of milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli were isolated from milk of mastitic buffaloes according to the procedures recommended by National Mastitis Council Inc., USA. The composite antigen containing S. aureus, Str. Agalactiae and E. coli was then prepared and the concentration of each isolate was adjusted to 1 x 109 cells / ml. To evaluate the antibody response, nine adult healthy rabbits were divided randomly into three groups (A, B and C) consisting of 3 rabbits each. Composite antigen preparation was injected subcutaneously to the rabbits of groups A and B @ 0.2 ml / rabbit while each rabbit of group C inoculated with 0.2 ml normal saline and served as control. The rabbits of group B were given a booster dose at day 15 of the primary injection to see the secondary antibody response. The level of antibodies specific to S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and E. coli were assayed by indirect haemagglutination test (HA) and finally geometric mean titre (GMT) was calculated. At day 0 to 15, it was observed that the antibody titre was almost same in both groups. At day 30 significant difference in antibody titres was observed between group A and B with GMT of 9.8 against S. aureus, and Str. agalactiae in group A whereas in group B GMT was 97.0 against S. aureus and 39.4 against Str. agalactiae which was higher than group A. The GMT against E. coli was 12.1 and 24.3 in group A and B, respectively. At day 45 and 60 there was progressive decrease in antibody titre against Str. agalactiae in group B. The antibody titre against S. aureus first increased at day 45 and then decreased at day 60 whereas the antibody titre against E. coli remained persistent till day 60 in rabbits of group B. Furthermore, the primary antibody response to E. coli of composite antigen was higher (GMT, 12.1 at day 15) compared with S. aureus and Str. agalactiae (GMT, 9.8 at day 15) whereas the secondary antibody response to S. aureus was higher (GMT, 128) compared with Str. agaiactiae and E. coli (GMT, 24.3 at day 45).
The morphometric measurements of the gross structural changes of mitral valve in valvular stenosis with or without regurgitation
Authors: Kibria Golam Mohammad
Published: June 2015

Rheumatic mitral stenosis is still a cardiac problem in developing countries. Reconstructive and replacement surgery of the diseased valves are often needed. Most of the studies on stenotic mitral valves are echocardiographic one. Morphometric measurements of the stenotic mitral valve and comparison with that in the normal mitral valve is done in this study. Thirty seven hearts of normal adult-male unclaimed dead-bodies from the mortuary of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka; and twelve surgically excised stenotic mitral valves of the adult-male cardiac patients from the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh were studied in fresh condition. The detail morphometric findings were compared between two groups. Though the total annular circumference was similar in both groups, yet the effective orifice area reduced significantly in stenotic valves. The anterior leaflet-area was increased, but the posterior leaflet-area was decreased in the stenotic valves. The thickness of the stenotic leaflets and chordae tendineae were increased compared to that in normal valves. The knowledge of the pathological changes of the valves would help to understand the exact pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the cardiac valve diseases.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2014;9(1): 7-11