bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Pustaka: Sindroma Pendarahan Usus pada Sapi Perah
Authors: Ananda Bendesa Eka Satyam , Nurmayani Seli , Fernandes Nuno , Faradina Elfani Sarah , Rumapea Sumanna , Batan I Wayan
Published: January 2024

Sindroma pendarahan usus adalah penyakit yang relatif umum pada sapi perah dan sapi potong yang memiliki tingkat kematian yang tinggi. Penyakit ini diklasifikasikan sebagai enteritis akut, sporadis dan necrohemorrhagic. Hal ini biasanya terlihat pada sapi perah yang sangat produktif. Penyebab sindroma pendarahan usus tidak jelas dan patogenesisnya tidak dipahami dengan baik. Namun, Clostridium perfringens tipe A telah diusulkan sebagai agen etiologi utama dan toksin alfa dan beta-2 nya diduga memiliki peran penting dalam terjadinya penyakit sindroma pendarahan usus. Penyakit ini terutama diamati pada tiga bulan pertama laktasi pada sapi perah laktasi. Kesalahan dalam memilih bahan-bahan yang akan digunakan dalam ransum dan fermentasi yang tidak tepat dari pakan yang diberikan tampaknya menjadi faktor predisposisi yang paling penting dalam perkembangan sindroma pendarahan usus. Toksemia berat (enterotoksemia) dan perdarahan hebat di usus kecil menyebabkan perubahan patologis di usus. Pembekuan darah di lumen usus, temuan spesifik dari sindroma pendarahan usus hanya dapat ditunjukkan pada 19% sapi yang terinfeksi. Diagnosis sering didasarkan pada temuan klinis, ultrasonografi, nekropsi dan juga dengan diagnosis banding enteritis hemoragik lainnya yang disebabkan oleh salmonellosis, bovine viral diarrhea, coccidiosis dan lain lain. Dilakukannya bedah laparotomy, penggunaan feed additive, manajemen nutrisi yang baik dan pemberian vaksin dianjurkan untuk pengendalian penyakit.
Gambaran Sel Darah Merah Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) pada Lingkungan Kering di Letekonda Selatan, Loura, Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Natara Berliani Susi Ester , Batan I Wayan , Nindhia Tjokorda Sari
Published: January 2024

Kerbau (Bubalus bubalis) merupakan salah satu ternak ruminansia yang dipelihara oleh para peternak yang berfungsi sebagai penghasil daging, ternak kerja, serta sarana upacara adat dan keagamaan. Pemeriksaan kondisi kesehatan kerbau sangat penting dilakukan untuk mempertahankan populasi. Pemeriksaan darah salah satu indikator yang digunakan dalam menunjang diagnosis terhadap suatu penyakit. Penelitian tentang gambaran darah pada kerbau betina dewasa di Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan, khususnya pada kerbau yang dipelihara di lingkungan kering. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran sel darah merah kerbau lumpur betina dewasa yang dipelihara pada lingkungan kering. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel darah dari 20 ekor kerbau dewasa dengan jenis kelamin betina yang berasal dari Desa Letekonda Selatan, Kecamatan Loura, Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada vena jugularis dan darah yang telah diambil kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam tabung berisi antikoagulan Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA). Pemeriksaan sel darah merah dilakukan menggunakan Hematology Analyzer di Balai Besar Veteriner Denpasar. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa gambaran sel darah merah kerbau betina dewasa diperoleh hasil total eritrosit (6,29 ± 0,98 x 106/µL), hemoglobin (12,96 ± 1,12 g/dL), hematokrit (34,35 ± 3,33%), MCV (50,72 ± 4,50 fL), MCH (20,87 ± 2,26 pg), dan MCHC (41,11 ± 1,32%). Nilai parameter yang telah diperoleh dapat dijadikan acuan profil sel darah merah pada kerbau yang dipelihara di Indonesia khususnya di daerah kering.
Fan mussel Pinna nobilis Linneaus, 1758 spat collection on ''Christmas tree'' rope in the Mali Ston Bay area (South Adriatic Sea)
Authors:   University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Damjana Jude 12, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Bolotin Jakša , Glavić Nikša ,   University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Damjana Jude 12, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Njire Jakica ,   University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Damjana Jude 12, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Kožul Valter ,   University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Damjana Jude 12, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Antolović Nenad ,   University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Damjana Jude 12, Dubrovnik, Croatia
Published: January 2024

During November 2006 on a 500 m long experimentally placed ''Christmas tree'' rope collector for juvenile mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) placed the previous year a significant number of juvenile fan mussels (Pina nobilis Linnaeus, 1758) were observed. Live juvenile individuals (N=322) of P. nobilis with shell length from 17 to 93 mm were found in two sampling events. All juvenile fan mussels were found exclusively on deeper parts of the mussel rope. Observed population density was from 6 to 43 individuals per meter of the rope collector. The 120 smallest juveniles of P. nobilis were separated for the purpose of monitoring the growth rate in suspension, and the remaining juveniles were placed in the natural environment.
Notulae to the native vascular flora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors:   Primary School, Lundåkerskolan, SödraStorgatan 45, 332 33 Gislaved, Sweden, Maslo Semir , Milanović Đorđije ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: January 2024

New data concerning the distribution of native plant taxa vascular flora in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. They include new records as well as confirmations for taxa in the genera Aurinia, Hordeum, Molineriella and Prasium. New species for the country are Molineriella minuta and Prasium majus and the presence of two other species Aurinia sinuata and Hordeum bulbosum are confirmed.
Plethora of plants – Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (9): Historic overview of Tradescantia Ruppius ex L. and other members of the Commelinaceae Family
Authors:   Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Kovačić Sanja
Published: January 2024

This sequel provides a historical overview of the Tradescantia genus and other members of the Commelinaceae family grown in the Zagreb Faculty of Science Botanical Garden between 1895 and 2023. The most recent nomenclatural views on the systematics of wild and cultivated taxa are applied, showing that at least 145 taxa of this family have been grown in the Botanical Garden during the last 128 years. Today we grow 95 taxa of wild species and cultivated taxa within this family.
Optimization of SVC Placement and Capacity in the Electric Power System Transmission Networks using Multi-Objective Improved Sine Cosine Algorithm
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad , Maulana Ferbyansyah Gilang , Nugroho Teguh Aryo
Published: January 2024

Current technological developments are in line with the increasing consumption of electrical energy.  There is a value of power losses of the electricity transmission process caused by an increase in the value of power losses, to overcome this, SVC (Static VAR Compensator) of the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) can be used. From previous studies, the optimization of SVC placement in the transmission network has not been carried out to get better power losses. This research uses the Improved-Sine Cosine Algorithm (ISCA) that has a different function of r1 compared to the ordinary SCA, in which the use of the ISCA method is able to overcome the weaknesses of the SCA method. The determination of location and capacity can use more than one objective function. From the result, the optimization of SVC placement and capacity is able to reduce the value of power losses by up to 85%.
Binary anion and cation co-doping enhance sulfide solid electrolyte performance for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Li Cheng , Wu Yuqi , Lv Zhongwei , Peng Jinxue , Liu Jun , Zheng Xuefan , Wu Yongmin , Tang Weiping , Gong Zhengliang , Yang Yong
Published: January 2024

Sulfide solid electrolytes are regarded as a pivotal component for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) due to their inherent advantages, such as high ionic conductivity and favorable mechanical properties. However, persistent challenges related to electrochemical stability and interfacial compatibility have remained significant hurdles in their practical application. To address these issues, we propose an anion-cation co-doping strategy for the optimization of Li7P3S11 (LPS) through chemical bonding and structural modifications. The co‐doping effects on the structural and electrochemical properties of SiO2-, GeO2-, and SnO2-doped sulfide electrolytes were systematically investigated. Cations are found to preferentially substitute the P5+ of the P2S74- unit within the LPS matrix, thereby expanding the Li+ diffusion pathways and introducing lithium defects to facilitate ion conduction. Concurrently, oxygen ions partially substitute sulfur ions, leading to improved electrochemical stability and enhanced interfacial performance of the sulfide electrolyte. The synergistic effects resulting from the incorporation of oxides yield several advantages, including superior ionic conductivity, enhanced interfacial stability, and effective suppression of lithium dendrite formation. Consequently, the application of oxide-doped sulfide solid electrolytes in ASSLBs yields promising electrochemical performances. The cells with doped-electrolytes exhibit higher initial coulombic efficiency, superior rate capability, and cycling stability when compared to the pristine LPS. Overall, this research highlights the potential of oxide-doped sulfide solid electrolytes in the development of advanced ASSLBs.
Enhanced Adaptive Control over Robotic Systems via Generalized Momentum Dynamic Extensions
Authors:   Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Nedelchev S. ,   Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Kozlov L. ,   Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Khusainov R. ,   Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Gaponov I.
Published: January 2024

Adaptive control and parameter estimation have been widely employed in robotics to deal with parametric uncertainty. However, these techniques may suffer from parameter drift, dependence on acceleration estimates and conservative requirements for system excitation. To overcome these limitations, composite adaptation laws can be used. In this paper, we propose an enhanced composite adaptive control approach for robotic systems that exploits the acceleration-free momentum dynamics and regressor extensions to offer faster parameter and tracking convergence while relaxing excitation conditions and providing a clear physical interpretation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through experimental evaluation on a 3-DoF robotic leg.
Maximal Bell Violations with Independent Classical Observables
Authors: Mardari Ghenadie
Published: January 2024

Sequential properties can violate Bell-type inequalities without direct influence on each other, but only if detected in pairs. This is demonstrated below with theoretical arguments, and with a straightforward toy model. Rotating arrows can have transient qualities that produce maximal Bell violations with predetermined values. Any non-signaling phenomenon (classical, or non-classical) can also be interpreted as local.
A 2-Level Memory Architecture for Brain Modelling
Authors: Greer Kieran
Published: January 2024

This paper describes a memory model with 2 levels of information. The lower-level stores source data, is Markov-like and unweighted. Then an upper-level ontology is created from a further 3 phases of aggregating source information, by transposing from an ensemble to a hierarchy at each level. The ontology is useful for search processes and the aggregating process transposes the information from horizontal set-based sequences to more vertical typed-based clusters. The base memory is essentially neutral, where any weighted constraints or preferences should be sent by the calling module. This therefore allows different weight sets to be imposed on the same linking structure. The success of the ontology typing is open to interpretation, but the author would suggest that when clustering text, the result was types based more on use and context, for example, 'linking' with 'structure' or 'provide' with 'web,' for a document describing distributed service-based networks. This allows the system to economise over symbol use, where links to related symbols will be clustered together. The author then conjectures that a third level would be more neural in nature and would include functions or operations to be performed on the data, along with related memory information.
Evaluation of a Novel Hypochlorous Acid Based Hand Hygiene Product With Sporicidal Activity in an Inpatient Ward Setting
Authors: Otter Jonathan , Abadioru Obaro , Sasson Mingaile , Gumbrill Bethany , Dibbins Michael , Prossomariti Desiree , Goldenberg Simon
Published: January 2024

Introduction: We under took an in-use evaluation of a novel hypochlorous acid-based hand hygiene product with in vitro sporicidal efficacy in a NHS Older Persons inpatient ward setting. Methods: The novel hand hygiene product was implemented for a trial period of seven weeks commending in September 2023. Healthcare worker (HCW) hands were sampled before and after direct patient care, and after the application of either an alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) (n=50) or the novel product (n=50). Samples were cultured to quantify the total aerobic count (TAC) and presence or absence of MRSA, ESBLs, CREs, and C. difficile. Trends in weekly observational hand hygiene audit results were reviewed, and a survey of HCW views about the new product undertaken. Results: HCW hands had a significantly greater TAC after ABHR (p=0.01) but not after the novel product (p=0.11) compared with their respective baseline counts. 3% of 100 samples grew MRSA or ESBLs after application of the alcohol-based or novel hand hygiene products. No C. difficile was cultured from healthcare worker hands. There was no significant difference in observed hand hygiene compliance. The majority of HCW surveyed preferred the novel product to the alcohol-based hand hygiene product. Discussion: The novel hand hygiene product was more effective than ABHR at reducing the TAC on HCW hands. Poor hand hygiene technique may explain the identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on staff hands after ABHR or the novel product. We were not able to evaluate sporicidal efficacy since no C. difficile was cultured from hands.
Triple Silencing of HSP27, cFLIP, and CLU Genes Promotes Sensitivity of Doxazosin-Induced Apoptosis in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Cho Jeong Man , Sun Sojung , Im Eunji , Yang Hyunwon , Yoo Tag Keun
Published: January 2024

Background: This study investigated how the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) and clusterin (CLU) affects the progression of cancer cells and their susceptibility to doxazosin-induced apoptosis. By silencing each of these genes individually, their effect on prostate cancer cell viability after doxazosin treatment was investigated. Methods: PC-3 prostate cancer cells were cultured and then subjected to gene silencing using siRNA targeting HSP27, cFLIP, and CLU, either individually, in pairs, or all together. Cells were then treated with doxazosin at various concentrations and their viability was assessed by MTT assay. Results: The study found that silencing the CLU gene in PC-3 cells significantly reduced cell viability after treatment with 25 µM doxazosin. In addition, dual silencing of cFLIP and CLU decreased cell viability at 10 µM doxazosin. Notably, silencing all three genes of HSP27, cFLIP, CLU was most effective and reduced cell viability even at a lower doxazosin concentration of 1 µM. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that simultaneous silencing of HSP27, cFLIP, and CLU genes may be a potential strategy to promote apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which could inform future research on treatments for malignant prostate cancer.
Extracted Spectral Signatures from the Water Column as a Tool for Characterization of Marine Microbial Community
Authors: Puškarić Staša , Sokač Mateo , Ninčević Živana , Šantić Danijela , Skejić Sanda , Džoić Tomislav , Prelesnik Heliodor , Børsheim Knut Yngve
Published: January 2024

In this communication, we present an innovative approach leveraging advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically the Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method, to analyze downward and upward light spectra collected by Hyperspectral Ocean Color Radiometer (HyperOCR, HOCR) sensors in the water column. Our work focuses on the development of a robust and efficient tool for unraveling the structure and activities of natural microbial assemblages in the ocean. By applying the NMF method to HyperOCR data, we successfully extracted five spectral signatures, representing unique patterns in the data. These signatures were instrumental in predicting the abundances of various microbial components, including bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and picoeukaryotes, showcasing the potential of ML and AI in advancing oceanographic studies. To validate the methods, the study area included a shallow coastal area under the influence of freshwater inflow and an open offshore area with a depth of 100 m. The study sites in coastal and offshore waters (Kaštela Bay and Stončica Vis, respectively) had significantly different hydrographic and microbiological characteristics. Kaštela Bay had lower temperatures and salinity than the site on Vis. We have proved by application of different AI and ML methods with specific HOCR sensors prediction of the structure of the microbial community.
Discrete and Semi-discrete Multidimensional Solitons and Vortices: Established Results and Novel Findings
Authors: Malomed Boris
Published: January 2024

This article presents a concise survey of basic discrete and semi-discrete nonlinear models which produce two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons, and a summary of main theoretical and experimental results obtained for such solitons. The models are based on the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations and their generalizations, such as a system of discrete Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations with the Lee-Huang-Yang corrections, the 2D Salerno model (SM), DNLS equations with long-range dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, a system of coupled discrete equations for the second-harmonic generation with the quadratic (χ⁽²⁾) nonlinearity, a 2D DNLS equation with a superlattice modulation opening mini-gaps, a discretized NLS equation with rotation, a DNLS coupler and its PT-symmetric version, a system of DNLS equations for the spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) binary Bose-Einstein condensate, and others. The article presents a review of basic species of multidimensional discrete modes, including fundamental and vortex solitons, their bound states, gap solitons populating mini-gaps, symmetric and asymmetric solitons in the conservative and PT-symmetric couplers, cuspons in the 2D SM, discrete SOC solitons of the semi-vortex and mixed-mode types, 3D discrete skyrmions, and some others.
The Approach of Physiotherapists in the Management of Patients with Persistent Pain and Comorbid Anxiety/Depression: Are There Any Differences between Male and Female Professionals?
Authors: Chiesa Michele , Nicolini Gregorio , Buoli Massimiliano
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Chronic pain is a prevalent condition that is frequently complicated by mood and anxiety disorders. Purpose of the present article is to identify differences in the management of patients with chronic pain and anxiety/mood disorders depending on the physiotherapists’ gender. Materials and Methods: An ad-hoc questionnaire was developed and sent to 327 physiotherapists by e-mail. The two groups identified by gender were compared by unpaired sample t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for qualitative ones. A binary logistic regression was then performed with factors resulted statistically significant at univariate analyses as independent variables and gender as dependent one. Results: Female physiotherapists exhibited a higher level of confidence than male physiotherapists in administering continued physiotherapy for patients affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (p=0.01), as well as for individuals who had previously engaged with a mental health professional (p=0.01). Furthermore, female physiotherapists believed that pharmacotherapy was less associated with motor side effects (p<0.01) and more frequently recognized the importance of a training to identify affective disorders (p=0.01) and the need of more education in mental health (p=0.01). The binary logistic regression model confirmed that female professionals were less likely to work as freelance (p=0.015) and were more confident in the prosecution of physiotherapy by patients with GAD (p=0.05). Conclusions: Female physiotherapists compared to male ones seem to be more comfortable with patients affected by mental conditions and to be more aware of the need of training on mental health. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Impact of Radiotherapy on Circulating Regulatory T-Cell Levels in Melanoma Patients
Authors: Szablewska Sylwia , Brożyna Anna A , Gackowska Lidia , Wołowiec Anna , Zawada Elżbieta , Durczynska Zofia , Roszkowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Background: Emerging data indicate that radiotherapy can modulate antitumour immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a key immunosuppressive subpopulation of interest. We aimed to evaluate the impact of conventional fractionated radiotherapy on circulating Treg levels in melanoma patients and to determine the correlation between these changes and survival. Understanding radiotherapy–immunity interactions may facilitate personalized combination therapies. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 32 melanoma patients were analysed to quantify Tregs before and 1-3 months after regional lymph node radiotherapy using flow cytometry. Tregs were characterized as CD4+/CD25+/CD127-. Total CD4+ T cells were also evaluated. Changes were compared to those in a control group of 30 tumor-free patients. Overall survival was correlated with T-cell subset dynamics induced by radiotherapy. Results: At baseline, the median percentage of Tregs was not significantly lower in melanoma patients than in controls (7.4% vs 8.32%, p=0.17). Radiotherapy markedly increased the median Treg count to 10.01% (p=0.0008), with a concomitant increase in total CD4+ cells (to 11.71%, p=0.001), indicating systemic expansion. Patients exhibiting coordinated increases in Treg and CD4+ T cells after treatment had a significantly improved prognosis compared with nonresponders (median OS 27.8 vs 13.1 months, p=0.001). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the significant effects of standard fractionated radiotherapy on systemic Treg levels in melanoma patients. Radiation-induced changes in T-cell subset proportions hold prognostic value. Monitoring of circulating lymphocyte subsets could facilitate personalized combination therapies.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), Antioxidants, and Cerebral Vascular Tone
Authors: SALVAGNO Michele , STERCHELE Elda , ZACCARELLI Mario , MRAKIC-SPOSTA Simona , WELSBY Ian James , BALESTRA Costantino , TACCONE Fabio Silvio
Published: January 2024

The brain's unique characteristics make it exceptionally susceptible to oxidative stress, which arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This review explores the factors contributing to the brain vascular tone vulnerability in the presence of oxidative damage, which can be of clinical interest in critically ill patients or presenting acute brain injuries. The brain's high metabolic rate and inefficient electron transport chain in mitochondria lead to significant ROS generation. Moreover, non-replicating neuronal cells and low repair capacity increase susceptibility to oxidative insult. ROS can influence cerebral vascular tone and permeability, with a potential impact on cerebral autoregulation. Different ROS species, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, exhibit vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive effects on cerebral blood vessels. Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), particularly NO and peroxynitrite, also exert vasoactive effects. This review further investigates the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C, vitamin E, and the glutathione redox system. Various studies suggest that these antioxidants could be used as adjunct therapies to protect the cerebral vascular tone during high oxidative stress conditions. Nevertheless, more extensive research is required to comprehensively grasp the relationship between oxidative stress and cerebrovascular tone, as well as to explore the potential benefits of antioxidants as adjunctive therapies in critical illnesses and acute brain injuries.
The Correlation of Body Mass Index With Risk of Recurrence in Post-menopausal Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing [18F]FDG PET/CT?
Authors: Quartuccio Natale , Ialuna Salvatore , Pulizzi Sabina , D'Oppido Dante , Antoni Mauro , Moreci Antonino Maria
Published: January 2024

To investigate whether high body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of recurrence and corre-lates with higher glucose uptake in recurrent lesions in post-menopausal female patients with breast cancer. The hospital database was searched to retrieve breast cancer patients, who had undergone an [18F]FDG PET/CT scan before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and curative-intent sur-gery. BMI was calculated at the baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT scan. There was a median follow-up of 5 years after the baseline PET/CT scan to identify: recurrence in the breast (T_rec); lymph nodes (N_rec); distant locations (M_rec). Furthermore, SUVmax was measured in the sites of recur-rence. A chi-square test was used to investigate any difference in the frequency of any recur-rence, T_rec, N_rec, and M_rec between overweight women (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and women with a BMI<25 kg/m2 (p<0.05). SUVmax, was compared using a t-test (p<0.05) between the two groups. A total of post-menopausal 142 women (BMI: 26.84±5.59; 84 overweight and 58 with normal weight) were retrieved. There were 48 recurrences at the follow-up. The chi-square test demon-strated in overweight women an increased frequency of any recurrence (35 vs. 13; p=0.025) and T_rec (15 vs. 2; p=0.018) and a higher T_rec SUVmax (4.74±2.90 vs. 1.85 ± 0.63; p=0.09) compared to women with a BMI<25 kg/m2. BMI seems to correlate with an increased rate of recurrence, espe-cially in the breast, and a higher glucose uptake in post-menopausal patients with recurrent breast cancer.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Enhances Osteogenesis and Positively Affects Bone Structure in Ovariectomized Rat Model
Authors: Park Eugene J. , Truong Van-Long , Jeong Woo-Sik , Min Woo-Kie
Published: January 2024

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has attracted increasing attention as a therapeutic agent because of its potentially biological activities, including osteogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the osteogenic activity of BDNF have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the action of BDNF on the osteoblast differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells, and its influence on signaling pathways.
Methods: Preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1), bone marrow-derived stromal cells (ST2), and a direct 2D co-culture system were treated with BDNF. The effect of BDNF on cell proliferation was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Osteoblast differentiation was assessed based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and staining and the protein expression of multiple osteoblast markers. Calcium accumulation was examined by Alizarin red S staining.
Results: BDNF significantly increased ALP activity, calcium deposition, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation-related proteins, such as ALP, osteopontin, etc. in both ST-2 and the MC3T3-E1 and ST-2 co-culture system. Moreover, the effect of BDNF on osteogenic differentiation was diminished by blocking tropomyosin receptor kinase B as well as inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK signals.
Conclusion: Our study results showed positive effect of BDNF on osteogenesis. It provides essential evidence for clinical applications of BDNF in treating osteoporosis.
Reduction of Ghg Emissions: Air Quality Improvement in Urban Areas
Authors: Armenta-Déu Carlos , Rincón Cristina
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the impact that urban traffic has on the environment. The study characterizes the global effect of GHG emissions, including the ecologic evaluation and the characterization, normalization, and evaluation factor. The work makes a detailed survey of the different modes of driving and their influence on engine performance as one of the principal causes of gas emissions during the combustion process. The article analyzes six types of vehicles equipped with different engine configurations: diesel and gasoline, GLP and GNC, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric. Simulation of the driving mode under various operational conditions for every type of engine results in energy consumption, thus, in GHG emissions, carbon dioxide and monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and Sulphur dioxide. The study concludes that a reduction in vehicle speed, thus in the engine revolutions, has positive effects on engine combustion and gasses emissions, which is reduced by 27.5%. The study also concludes that the limitation in driving mode, avoiding sharp and sudden acceleration, may reduce up to 45% of GHG emissions. The changes applied in the driving mode improve the air quality in the urban environment, reducing the content of GHG from 39% to 61%.
Effectiveness and Safety of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Torres-Rufas María , Vicente-Rabaneda Esther F. , Cardeñoso Laura , Gutiérrez-Cobos Ainhoa , Valero-Martínez Cristina , López-Matencio José M. Serra , García-Vicuña Rosario , González-Gay Miguel A. , González-Álvaro Isidoro , Castañeda Santos
Published: January 2024

Background: To describe the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in a series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Retrospective single-center study of RA patients, fulfilling the ACR 1987 or ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria, that received first COVID-19 vaccine between December 2020 and October 2021, had post-vaccination serology and subsequent follow-up of at least 6 months in a university hospital. Vaccine effectiveness was evaluated by the serological response and the incidence of post-vaccine COVID-19, and safety by the incidence of adverse events (AE) and RA flares. Adjusted logistic and linear multivariate regression analyses were carried out with Stata® to identify factors associated with vaccine response. Results: We included 118 patients with RA (87.2% women, age 65.4±11.6 years, evolution 12.0±9.6 years). 95.8% received complete vaccination schedule. Most patients (88.1%) developed adequate humoral immunogenicity, and the degree of serological response was significantly related to younger age and previous COVID-19 infection. After vaccination, 18.6% presented mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine AE (19.5%) were mostly mild and inversely associated with age (OR 0.95). RA flares were anecdotal (1.7%) and inversely related to age (OR 0.95). Conclusion: Our results suggest that COVID-19 vaccine induces adequate humoral immunogenicity, with an acceptable safety profile in RA patients.
The Effect of Short-Term Neuromuscular Training on Ankle Biomechanics in Individuals with Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Zhao Jiongxiang , Shao Enze , Teo Ee-Chon , Baker Julien S. , Gu Yaodong
Published: January 2024

Functional ankle instability (FAI) results from multiple ankle sprains, causing a perceived sense of joint instability due to muscle and ligament imbalances. Neuromuscular training (NMT) is employed to enhance ankle stability in individuals with FAI. The study included 24 male university students with FAI, who underwent ankle NMT on three surfaces. OpenSim musculoskeletal model analyzed the effects on ankle muscle activity, kinetics, and kinematics. Utilizing repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-dimensional statistical non-parametric mapping (SNPM1d) to identify distinctions between training surfaces. NMT on foam cushion (FC) significantly enhanced tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius medial (GM) activation during walking compared to level-ground (LG) and artificial turf (AT) (p<0.05). However, no differences observed for peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius lateral (GL), and peak ankle plantarflexion (PF). During jogging and fast running, post FC training increased TA, PL, GM, GL activation, and peak ankle PF moment (p<0.05). Additionally, post FC training, subtalar mobility was significantly reduced (p<0.05), and ankle joints exhibited greater dorsiflexion (DF) angles during jogging and fast running (p<0.05). Consequently, selecting FC for short-term ankle NMT proves more advantageous in enhancing ankle stability among individuals with FAI, yielding a more positive impact on FAI improvement.
Features of Appendix Development in Children with COVID-19
Authors: Demyashkin Grigory , Gorokhov Konstantin , Shchekin Vladimir , Vadyukhin Matvey , Matevosyan Artem , Rudavina Arina , Pilipchuk Anna , Pilipchuk Alina , Shegay Petr , Kaprin Andrey
Published: January 2024

Background
Research in the subject of the influence of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms on human’s homeostasis remains actual problem. Particular interest is the study of pathomorphological changes in the appendix in children with COVID-19.
Objectives
Aim of the study: morphological and molecular biological evaluation of the appendix in children of different age groups with COVID-19.
Methods
Groups were formed on the basis of anamnestic, clinical and morphological data: I (n = 42; aged 2 to 18 years, average - 10.8 years) – with an established clinical diagnosis: coronavirus infection (COVID-19; PCR+); II (n = 55; aged 2 to 18 years, average - 9.7 years) – with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis; collected before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2017-2019; III (n = 38; aged 2 to 18 years, average - 10.3 years) - control group. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted using primary antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD68, CD163, CD20, CD138 and to pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines.
Results
In most samples of appendix in children with COVID-19 were discovered signs of destructive phlegmonous-ulcerative and gangrenous appendicitis. An increase in CD3+, CD4+, CD68+, CD163+, CD20+ CD138+ immunocompetent cells was found in the appendix of children with COVID-19. As well, there is an increase in pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines.
Conclusions
The aforementioned pathological and immunohistochemical changes were more pronounced in the group of children aged 6-12 years (childhood).
Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Strains of Hypervirulent Capsular Serotypes K1 and K2 Demonstrating Resistance against Human Serum Bactericidal Activity and Virulence in Galleria mellonella Model
Authors: AL-Busaidi Basaier Nooh , AL-Muzahmi Muna , AL-Shabibi Zahra , Rizvi Meher , Al-Rashdi Azza , AL-Jardani Amina , Farzand Robeena , AL-Jabri Zaaima
Published: January 2024

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a variant that has been increasingly linked to severe, life threatening infections including pyogenic liver abscess and bloodstream infections. HvKp belonging to the capsular serotypes K1 and K2 have been reported worldwide, however very scarce studies are available on the their genomics and virulence. In the current study we report four hypermucoviscous hvKp ESBL clinical strains of capsular serotype K1 and K2 isolated from pus and urine of critically ill patients in tertiary care hospitals in Oman. These strains belong to diverse sequence types (STs) namely ST-23(K1), ST-231(K2), ST-881(K2), and ST-14(K2). To study their virulence, Galleria Mellonella model and resistance to human serum killing were used. The G. mellonella model revealed that the K1/ST-23 isolate is the most virulent as 50% of the larvae died in the first day, followed by isolate K2/ST-231 for which 75% of the larvae died in the second day and isolate K2/ST-14 for which 50% of the larvae died in the second day. Resistance to human serum killing showed there was complete inhibition of bacterial growth of all four isolates by the end of the first hour and up to the third hour. For ST-23(K1), ST-231(K2), ST-881(K2), and ST-14(K2), there was a gradual decrease in the number of colonies up to the second to third hour, which indicates neutralization of bacterial cells by the serum components. However, this was followed by sudden increase of bacterial growth, indicating possible resistance of bacteria against human serum bactericidal activity. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that hvKp strains display unique genetic arrangement of k-loci. Whole genome SNP-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that these hvKp isolates are phylogenetically distinct, belonging to diverse clades and belong to different STs in comparison to global isolates. This is the first report from Oman detailing the WGS of hvKp clinical isolates and assessing their resistance and virulence genomics, which reinforce our understanding of their epidemiology and dissemination in clinical settings.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Sensor with Laser Diffuser for Visualizing Photoimmunotherapy Effects under Endoscopy
Authors: Takamatsu Toshihiro , Tanaka Hideki , Yano Tomonori
Published: January 2024

Treatment with tumor-selective photosensitive substances, such as photodynamic therapy and photoimmunotherapy, has been reported to enable the visualization of tumor drug accumulation in real time and identify the required light irradiation dose by fluorescence imaging. However, fluorescence observation is difficult during treatments performed under gastrointestinal endoscopy because of the challenges associated with including the fluorescence filter in the camera part. To address this issue, this study developed a device that integrates a narrow camera and a laser diffuser to enable fluorescence imaging through a forceps port. This device was employed to demonstrate that a laser diffuser with an NIR fluorescence imaging sensor could be delivered through a 3.2-mm-diameter port. In addition, fluorescence images of Cetuximab-IR700 were successfully observed in two mice, and the fluorescence intensity confirmed that the fluorescence decayed within 330 s. This device is expected to have practical application as a tool to identify the optimal irradiation dose for tumor-selective photosensitive substances under endoscopy.
Augmentation Rhinoplasty and Centrofacial Lipofilling: Our Experience (Arcl)
Authors: Pozzi Mirco , Susini Pietro , Di Seclì Davide , Schettino Michela , Grimaldi Luca , Cuomo Roberto , Roxo Carlos Weck
Published: January 2024

Keywords: Rhinoplasty - Augmentation rhinoplasty - Open rhinoplasty - Facial rejuvenation – Centrofacial lipofilling.
Public Debt and Economic Growth: A Panel Kink Regression Latent Group Structures Approach
Authors: Chen Chaoyi , Stengos Thanasis , Zhang Jianhan
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the relationship between public debt and economic growth in the context of a panel kink regression with latent group structures. The proposed model allows us to explore the heterogeneous threshold effects of public debt on economic growth based on unknown group patterns. We propose a least squares estimator and demonstrate the consistency of estimating group structures. The finite
sample performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated by simulations. Our findings reveal that the nonlinear relationship between public debt and economic growth is characterized by a heterogeneous threshold level, which varies among different groups, and highlight that the mixed results found in previous studies may stem from the assumption of a homogeneous threshold effect.
Unraveling Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Heterogeneity of Merging Behavior: Evidence from the exiD Dataset
Authors: Wang Yiqi , Li Yang , Li Ruijie , Wu Shubo , Li Linbo
Published: January 2024

Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of merging behavior is crucial for the ad-vancement of autonomous driving technology. This study aims to analyze on-ramp vehicle merg-ing patterns, and investigate how various factors, such as merging scenarios and vehicle types, in-fluence driving behavior. Initially, a framework based on High-Definition (HD) Map is devel-oped to extract trajectory information in a meticulous manner. Subsequently, eight distinct merg-ing patterns (Pattern A to H) are identified, with a thorough examination of their behavioral characteristics from both temporal and spatial perspectives. Merging behaviors are examined temporally, encompassing the sequence of events from approaching the on-ramp to completing the merge. This study specifically analyzes the target lane's spatial characteristics, evaluates the merging distance (ratio), investigates merging speed distributions, compares merging patterns and identifying high-risk situations. Our novel findings reveal that Patterns C and F, with Time-to-Collision (TTC) values less than 2.5 seconds, pose a significantly higher risk than other patterns. In traffic simulations, Patterns B and E can be integrated, as they show negligible differences in speed, distance traveled, and duration. Additionally, the practice of truck platooning has a signif-icant impact on vehicle merging behavior. This study enhances the understanding of merging be-havior, facilitating autonomous vehicles' ability to comprehend and adapt to merging scenarios. Furthermore, this research is significant in improving driving safety, optimizing traffic manage-ment, and enabling the effective integration of autonomous driving systems with human drivers.
COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Trends in Chile: Lesson from a Population Cohort 2021–2022
Authors: Rubilar Paola , Franz Loreto-Núñez , Apablaza Mauricio , Ramírez-Santana Muriel , Molina Xaviera , Canales Luis
Published: January 2024

The rapid emergence of COVID-19 necessitated policy responses worldwide, focusing on vaccination and mobility restrictions. However, studies on individual non-pharmacological preventive measures are less common. In particular, Chile represents a unique scenario for analyzing the adoption of preventive measures and changes amid aggressive communication and vaccination campaigns. This study aims to provide insights into public adherence to non-pharmacological measures in the face of diseases, using a cohort of 386 participants from 2021 to 2022. This was achieved by employing a questionnaire to measure adherence to self-care practices and by analyzing contact tracing data from health authorities. We performed bivariate analysis and a linear regression model. Mask-wearing in public places was the most commonly used measure (95.9% in 2021 and 89.9% in 2022). The median adherence score increased from 18 to 19 for both measurements, respectively. The regression model shows that women are more likely to adopt preventive behaviors in both waves and being a young adult (30-49 years) predicted the adoption of behavioral precautions in 2022. Adherence to preventive measures increased even with high vaccination coverage, likely due to the epidemiological situation with the Omicron variant circulating in 2022.
Factors Associated with Success of Switching to Faricimab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Refractory to Intravitreal Aflibercept
Authors: Machida Akira , Oishi Akio , Ikeda Junichiro , Kurihara Junko , Yoneda Ai , Tsuiki Eiko , Hirata Yuki , Murakami Ryuya , Kitaoka Takashi
Published: January 2024

To investigate factors associated with the success of switching to faricimab for type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) refractory to intravitreal aflibercept (IVA). This retrospective cohort study included patients with type 1 MNV who were switched to faricimab because they were refractory to IVA at two centers. The main outcome was an extension of the treatment interval after 6 months, and factors related to the success or failure of the extension and visual and anatomical outcomes were assessed. The analysis included 43 eyes of 43 patients. Extended dosing intervals of more than 2 weeks were identified in 14 eyes (32.6%). A short dosing interval before the switch, the absence of polypoidal lesions, and a thin central choroidal thickness before the switch were identified as factors involved in successful extension. For patients with refractory type 1 MNV, switching to faricimab is a safe and potential option to extend from existing dosing intervals.
Does Digital Agricultural Technology Extension Service Enhance Sustainable Food Production? Evidence from Maize Farmers in China
Authors: Lun Runqi , Liu Wei , Li Guojing , Luo Qiyou
Published: January 2024

Digital agricultural technology extension service and sustainable food production have attracted attention from academia. However, the association between digital agricultural technology extension service and sustainable food production has not yet been fully investigated. This research investigates the average and heterogeneous impacts of digital agricultural technology extension service use on eco-efficiency among 1302 maize producing farmers from Northeast China major maize producing area in 2022 to fill this knowledge gap. The slack-based measure model with undesirable outputs is applied to calculate the eco-efficiency of maize production. To obtain an unbiased estimation of the average effect, the self-selection problem generated by observable and unobservable factors is solved by the endogenous switching regression model. Quantile regression is utilized to analyze the heterogeneous effect. Notably, the mediated effects model is utilized to examine the potential mechanism between them. Our findings indicate that digital agricultural technology extension service use can increase maize production's eco-efficiency. Digital agricultural technology extension service users would reduce eco-efficiency by 0.148 (21.11%) if they had not used the digital agricultural technology extension service. Digital agricultural technology extension service nonusers would improve eco-efficiency by 0.214 (35.20%) if they had used it. The robustness check reconfirms the results. Moreover, digital agricultural technology extension service use is more helpful to maize farmers who have lower eco-efficiency than those who have higher eco-efficiency. Digital agricultural technology extension service use can improve eco-efficiency of maize production through the application of organic fertilizers, green pesticides and biodegradable agricultural films.