bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democratic candidates in the 2020 US presidential primary: The portrayal of race, gender, and age in editorial cartoons
Authors: Zurbriggen Eileen L. , Vallerga Michael
Published: January 2022

Editorial cartoons provide an incisive view on political candidates and often include more provocative or emotional material than textual editorials. A content analysis of editorial cartoons was conducted to examine the portrayals of candidates for the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election of 2020. Themes related to gender, race, and age were a particular focus. Gender stereotypes were more frequent in cartoons about candidates of color; however, this was largely driven by the high number of gender stereotypes in cartoons about Kamala Harris, a biracial Black woman. Race stereotypes were most common in cartoons about Harris and Elizabeth Warren (due to controversy about her claimed Native American ancestry). Age was a central theme only for the candidates who were younger or older than is typical for a presidential nominee. Women were not shown with their spouse more often than men; the only candidate with more than one cartoon including a spouse was Pete Buttigieg. These representations of his husband were likely a coded way to draw attention to his sexuality. As in prior research, women were more likely to be portrayed as violent. Findings support the continued relevance of age, gender, and race in media coverage of political campaigns.
A macroeconomic model of an epidemic with silent transmission and endogenous self‐isolation
Authors: Diez de los Rios Antonio
Published: January 2022

Abstract.

I study the interaction between epidemics and economic decisions in a model where: (i) agents allocate their time to market and home production and social and home leisure, (ii) these activities differ in their degree of contagiousness, (iii) some infected individuals are indistinguishable from susceptible individuals and (iv) agents are not necessarily rational. For baseline parameter values for the COVID‐19 pandemic, I find that agents partially self‐isolate by allocating more time to home activities and that the effective reproduction number of the disease stabilizes at 1. Detection and isolation of infected individuals severely mitigate the recession and deaths caused by the pandemic.
Applying a “fail‐fast” approach to conservation in US agriculture
Authors: Wardropper Chloe B. , Esman Laura A. , Harden Seth C. , Masuda Yuta J. , Ranjan Pranay , Weigel Collin , Ferraro Paul J. , Prokopy Linda S. , Reddy Sheila M. W.
Published: January 2022

Conservation programs often operate for many years with little information on program performance or impacts. A better process would encourage programs to “fail fast”—in other words, to implement rapid testing to learn and adapt early, and thereby avoid wasting resources. Here, we present a fail‐fast approach applied in a multiyear field trial program that sought to improve soil health in the US Cornbelt on farmland owned by nonoperating landowners. While failing fast requires investment and a supportive team culture, we recommend that this approach to program design, with metrics tailored to the program context, be used early and frequently throughout planning and implementation phases to improve program processes and test assumptions well before final outcomes are detectable.
Progression of cardiac structure and function in people with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Bloomfield Gerald S. , Alenezi Fawaz , Chiswell Karen , Dunning Allison , Okeke Nwora Lance , Velazquez Eric J.
Published: January 2022

Objective

People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for cardiac dysfunction. It is unknown how their global longitudinal cardiac function, cardiac structure, and other indices of function progress over time. We aimed to characterize the longitudinal trend in cardiac structure and function in PLWH.

Design

Retrospective study of PLWH with clinically obtained echocardiograms at an academic medical center.

Methods

We reviewed archived transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) performed between 2001 and 2012 on PLWH. The primary outcome measures were progression of global longitudinal strain (GLS, left and right ventricles), LV mass, E/e′ ratio, LV end‐systolic, and ‐diastolic volumes using hierarchical mixed model analysis as a function of CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA suppression. Models were adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics.

Results

We analyzed 469 TTEs from 150 individuals (median age 46 years, 58% male). Median CD4+ T cell counts at nadir and proximal to first echocardiogram were 85 and 222 cells/mm3, respectively. Over a median of 5 years, LV mass index increased regardless of nadir or proximal CD4+ T cell count or viral suppression status. PLWH with viral suppression at baseline had more normal GLS throughout the follow‐up period. There were no significant trends in LV end‐systolic volume index or E/e′.

Conclusions

In PLWH, HIV viral suppression is associated with early gains in echocardiographic indices of cardiac function that persist for up to >5 years. HIV disease control impacts routine echocardiographic measures with known impacts on long‐term prognosis.
Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine level correlates with the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ikenaka Kensuke , Maeda Yasuhiro , Hotta Yuji , Nagano Seiichi , Yamada Shinichiro , Ito Daisuke , Torii Ryota , Kakuda Keita , Tatebe Harutsugu , Atsuta Naoki , Aguirre Cesar , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Baba Kousuke , Tokuda Takahiko , Katsuno Masahisa , Kimura Kazunori , Sobue Gen , Mochizuki Hideki
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:

The aim was to investigate the association between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum ADMA levels with other biomarkers of ALS.

Methods

Serum ADMA levels of sporadic ALS patients (n = 68), disease control patients (n = 54) and healthy controls (n = 20) were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Correlations of the ADMA level and other markers (nitric oxide and neurofilament light chain levels) were analyzed. Changes in the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS‐R) score from the onset of disease (ALSFRS‐R pre‐slope) was used to assess disease progression. Survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

The serum ADMA level was substantially higher in patients with ALS than in healthy controls and disease controls. Serum ADMA level correlated with CSF ADMA level (r = 0.591, p < 0.0001) and was independently associated with the ALSFRS‐R pre‐slope (r = 0.505, p < 0.0001). Patients with higher serum ADMA levels had less favorable prognoses. CSF ADMA level significantly correlated with CSF neurofilament light chain level (r = 0.456, p = 0.0002) but not with nitric oxide level (r = 0.194, p = 0.219).

Conclusion

Serum ADMA level is an independent biomarker of ALS disease progression and prognosis and reflects the degree of motor neuron degeneration.
A new touchscreen for behavioural research on bees
Authors: Van de Beeck Lise , Plowright Catherine M. S.
Published: January 2022

Flying insects encounter a considerable amount of multisensorial information during their first foraging trip and need to extract and process relevant cues to efficiently navigate their environment and locate food sources. Previous studies used static stimuli to investigate visual information processing during flight and the role of floral features on detection, landing, and flower handling behaviours. However, bees come across visual information sequentially, while sampling the visual scene and presenting visual features that change after landing would allow further understanding of the chronological aspect of visual information processing. Here, we describe a new methodology that uses the ShadowSense™ Multitouch technology to present interactive floral displays where a change in visual features is triggered upon a bee's landing. Two colonies of flower naïve bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) were exposed to unicoloured and bicoloured unrewarded floral images in which floral guides in the form of dummy stamens were added, removed, or remained unchanged in the centre upon landing. Our findings confirm preference by flower‐naïve bumblebees for bicoloured flowers and corroborate that small central visual guides direct the place of landing. Therefore, we establish proof‐of‐concept of this new methodology for bee research by reproducing previously demonstrated behaviours and by reporting that bees react to a change in visual information on the touchscreen. To our knowledge, this is the first research providing a touchscreen technology that can reliably be used with bees. While its efficiency with similar‐sized insects is yet to be confirmed, this technology provides new approaches for research on visual information processing as well as various behaviours in insects.
Full circle: a brief history of cohesin and the regulation of gene expression
Authors: Horsfield Julia A.
Published: January 2022

The cohesin complex has a range of crucial functions in the cell. Cohesin is essential for mediating chromatid cohesion during mitosis, for repair of double‐strand DNA breaks, and for control of gene transcription. This last function has been the subject of intense research ever since the discovery of cohesin's role in the long‐range regulation of the cut gene in Drosophila. Subsequent research showed that the expression of some genes is exquisitely sensitive to cohesin depletion, while others remain relatively unperturbed. Sensitivity to cohesin depletion is also remarkably cell type‐ and/or condition‐specific. The relatively recent discovery that cohesin is integral to forming chromatin loops via loop extrusion should explain much of cohesin's gene regulatory properties, but surprisingly, loop extrusion has failed to identify a ‘one size fits all’ mechanism for how cohesin controls gene expression. This review will illustrate how early examples of cohesin‐dependent gene expression integrate with later work on cohesin's role in genome organization to explain mechanisms by which cohesin regulates gene expression.
Chemsex and antiretroviral prescribing in an HIV cohort in Brighton, UK
Authors: Adler Zoe , Fitzpatrick Colin , Broadwell Nicholas , Churchill Duncan , Richardson Daniel
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Chemsex has been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. There have been concerns about potentially harmful drug–drug interactions between chemsex drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ritonavir and cobicistat). We aimed to describe the prevalence and patterns of chemsex users in our HIV clinic population and to evaluate antiretroviral prescribing among chemsex users.

Methods

We undertook a cross‐sectional study of patients attending our HIV clinic between January 2019 and December 2020. We collected data on patients who disclosed recent recreational drug use including chemsex in the previous 3 months.

Results

In all, 2202/2501 (88%) patients were asked about recreational drug use and 514 (23%) disclosed recreational drug use. Eighty‐two (4%) of these disclosed recent chemsex; 73 (89%) used crystal methamphetamine, 51 (62%) used gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB)/gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL), 55 (67%) reported poly‐drug use and 63 (76%) reported injecting drug use. The chemsex users were all cis‐male MSM and were significantly older (53 vs. 46 years, p < 0.0001), and more likely to have had previous syphilis (73% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001) than patients reporting non‐chemsex drug use. All chemsex users were prescribed antiretrovirals and 74 (90%) had an undetectable HIV viral load; 31 (38%) patients were taking either ritonavir (N = 12) or cobicistat (N = 19) as part of their antiretroviral regimen and this was similar to other patients attending for HIV care [31/82 (38%) vs. 768/2419 (31%), p = 0.25].

Conclusions

The prevalence of chemsex users among our HIV clinic attendants is 4%, and 38% of these were prescribed either ritonavir or cobicistat. Chemsex use should be a factor in antiretroviral therapy decision‐making to avoid potential harm.
Bruise detection and classification in jujube using thermal imaging and DenseNet
Authors: Dong Yuan‐Yuan , Huang Yuan‐Shen , Xu Bang‐Lian , Li Bai‐Cheng , Guo Bei
Published: January 2022

Jujubes (Ziziphus Mauritiana Lamk) are subjected to bruises during harvesting and post‐harvest processing, which will greatly reduce their commercial values. In this study, bruises on jujube are detected and classified based on thermal imaging and convolutional neural networks. A simple thermal imaging system is constructed that can capture thermal images speedily and clearly. Temperature difference analysis is performed on the collected thermal images and accordingly, the temperature difference of boundary in the bruised area varies between 1.72 and 3.25°C during the storage period. The temperature difference in the bruise boundary area minus the temperature difference in the center area varies between 0.4 and 1.2°C, and the degree of bruise of the jujube is evaluated through temperature difference analysis. The convolutional neural network DenseNet is adjusted to ensure suitability for classification of the thermal image data set collected in this study (the training dataset comprises 5,039 original thermal images, and the test dataset comprises 2,586 original thermal images), and the best prediction accuracy achieved is 99.5%.

Practical Application

This study can be used as a reference for the future development of harvest, sorting, storage, and transportation for bruise detection in jujube. Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the findings of this study could facilitate the development of an online thermal imaging system for bruise detection and classification in jujube in the future.
High global antioxidant protection and stimulation of the collagen synthesis of new anti‐aging product containing an optimized active mix
Authors: Martín‐Martínez Almudena , Sánchez‐Marzo Noelia , Martínez‐Casanova Diana , Abarquero‐Cerezo Mercedes , Herranz‐López Maria , Barrajón‐Catalán Enrique , Matabuena‐Yzaguirre Maria
Published: January 2022

Objective

To assess the in vitro efficacy on antioxidant potential, protection against global oxidative stress, and effect on collagen neosynthesis of minimalist formula (Peptide‐C ampoules product) containing 10% natural vitamin C, rice and lupin bio‐peptides, hyaluronic acid, and Vichy volcanic mineralizing water (active mix).

Methods

In‐tube quantitative tests (“in‐tube screening”) assessed global antioxidant properties, anti‐lipid peroxidation, anti‐protein glycosylation, and metalloproteinase inhibition (anti‐collagenase, anti‐elastase, and anti‐hyaluronidase activity) properties of the formula. Protection against oxidative stress was evaluated on human keratinocyte monolayer cultures, and collagen neosynthesis was quantified on fibroblast monolayer cultures treated with supernatants from product‐treated reconstructed human epidermis.

Results

Product (5% concentration) showed high antioxidant ability (blocking 99.0% oxidation), protection against oxidative stress damage (51.8% lipid peroxidation and 37.8% protein glycosylation decreases), and inhibition of hyaluronidase (21.9%), elastase (47.1%), and collagenase (61.8%). The protective effect was validated on human keratinocyte monolayer cultures in the presence of active mix (0.025%). Oxidative stress (ROS) was reduced by 99.0%, while global oxidative stress (RMS) induced by pollution, UVA radiation, and a combination of both factors was reduced by 48.94%, 8.7%, and 96.28%, respectively. The product increased collagen neosynthesis (11.21%) by cellular dialogue in fibroblasts incubated with product/mix‐treated‐RHE supernatants.

Conclusion

The combination of ingredients in the product showed high global antioxidant capacity, as well as a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by UVA, pollution, or both combined factors and an ability to stimulate collagen neosynthesis in in vitro studies, which support the clinical efficacy of this product.
Behavioural Agency and Firm Productivity: Revisiting the Incentive Alignment Qualities of Stock Options
Authors: Zolotoy Leon , O’Sullivan Don , Martin Geoffrey P.
Published: January 2022

Drawing on behavioural agency theory, we revisit the incentive alignment qualities of stock options. Using behavioural agency’s logic, we theorize that chief executive officers (CEOs) are likely to perceive efforts directed at firm productivity as a means of protecting their option wealth (the value of previously awarded stock options). Our reasoning suggests that CEO option wealth positively influences firm productivity and that productivity mediates the relationship between CEO option wealth and firm value. Our theory also points to boundary conditions at the CEO level and the firm level. Our study advances research on the utility of stock options by focusing on effort and productivity as the mechanism through which option incentives affect CEO behaviours. We demonstrate that option risk bearing can align CEO–shareholder interests.
Population structure, maturity and relative growth of the porcelain crab Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 (Decapoda, Porcellanidae) in a temperate zone
Authors: P. Horch Amanda , Terossi Mariana
Published: January 2022

The porcelain crab Pachycheles laevidactylus is the most frequent crustacean decapod in the polychaeta sandbanks in some Brazilian locations; however, the only populational data available for this species are from Argentina. Here, we analysed the population structure, sex ratio, reproductive period, size at sexual maturity (functional and morphological) and relative growth of this species from two locations in southern Brazil. The crabs were collected seasonally during one year, sexed, counted and measured. A total of 1534 individuals were sampled, 943 in Torres and 591 in Tramandaí. There was no difference in cheliped size between sexes, while females were larger and had larger pleons than males, and this difference is related to reproduction. The sex ratio was 1:1 in both locations throughout the year. Ovigerous females were found in all seasons, with a higher frequency in the coldest seasons, but the presence of megalopae occurred exclusively in spring. The morphological sexual maturity for females was larger than the size of the smallest ovigerous female collected, as already reported for other decapods. Overall, the species starts reproducing at smaller sizes at locations closer to the edges of its distribution (northern Brazil and northern Argentina). Some differences in relative growth were found between males and females, adults and juveniles, and the implications of these differences are discussed. This study brings the first populational data of P. laevidactylus from Brazil over a year, which was compared with available studies of Porcellanidae and will be useful for comparison with future studies in tropical areas, to better understand how the biological aspects of this species vary along its wide distribution in the south‐western Atlantic.
Schubert's Bi‐rotational Sonata Forms: Developmental Function and the Type 1–2 Hybrid
Authors: HYLAND ANNE M.
Published: January 2022

Schubert's early string quartets reveal a tendency towards bi‐rotational designs combining elements of type 1 (lacking a development section) and type 2 (beginning their second rotation off‐tonic) sonata form. Examples of the practice are found in first movements, slow movements and finales and encompass at least nine movements from the ten quartets composed between 1810 and 1815. Owing in part to their difficult reception history, these works have not yet been utilised to evaluate the applicability of sonata theory's typology of sonata forms to early nineteenth‐century repertoire, even though they seem uniquely well placed to do so.

In this article I propose a new conceptual formal model based on a hybrid form, existing in a continuum between type 1 and type 2 structures. Through analysis of the first movement of the String Quartet in D major, D. 74 (1813) and the earlyQuartettsatzin C minor, D. 103 (1814), I argue that the tension between understanding these works as either balanced, parallel binary forms or as a single unfolding process of tonal actualisation stems from their particular historical profile: on the one hand, they hark back to Classical models (in particular, the operatic overture), and on the other, they are prescient of the progressive formal/tonal strategies in Schubert's later works. It is this unique dual perspective that renders these works apposite as a means by which to problematise the ostensibly strict distinction between type 1 and type 2 strategies, and to lead to a more nuanced realisation of the theory's analytical possibilities.
A century of Public Administration: Traveling through time and topics
Authors: Vogel Rick , Hattke Fabian
Published: January 2022

Public Administration (PA) has been a unique witness and protagonist of scholarship in the field of public administration over the course of an entire century. On the occasion of the journal's 100th anniversary, we conduct a systematic analysis of the publication history using bibliometric methods enhanced by natural language processing. The findings show how disciplinary influences, geographical settings, and methodological orientations have changed over time. In our main analysis, we extract 63 thematic clusters on the basis of linguistic similarities and track their evolution through five eras of PA scholarship. Overall, the results show both the journal's strong British roots and its evolvement toward an increasingly international, interdisciplinary, and dynamic community. The findings also indicate the state of the field as a “fragmented adhocracy,” with changing modes of differentiation over time.
Engagement, clinical outcomes and therapeutic process in online mindfulness for psychosis groups delivered in routine care
Authors: Ellett Lyn , Dannahy Laura , Chadwick Paul
Published: January 2022

Objectives

There is growing evidence for the benefit of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBI) for people with psychosis. However, research is yet to evaluate the clinical benefit of delivering MBI groups online. We examine engagement, clinical outcomes, participant experience and therapeutic process of delivering therapy groups online in routine clinical practice.

Methods

The study used an uncontrolled pre‐post design to examine engagement, therapeutic benefits (depression, anxiety, beliefs about voices) and group process in a 12‐session online mindfulness group for individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis with current distressing voices. Qualitative data on participant experience of online group therapy were analysed using Thematic Analysis.

Results

17/21 participants (81%) completed one of three consecutively run therapy groups. For completers there were significant reductions pre‐post in depression, anxiety, beliefs about voices and voice‐related negative affect, with medium to large effect sizes. There were individuals showing reliable and clinically significant improvements in each clinical outcome, and none showing reliable or clinically significant deterioriation. Participants’ rankings of the importance of different group therapeutic factors were very similar to those observed in face‐to‐face mindfulness for psychosis groups. Qualitative analysis of participant feedback identified three themes: ‘experience of online delivery’, ‘therapeutic benefits’ and ‘feeling connected to people in the group’.

Conclusions

Findings in relation to therapy engagement, clinical benefits, participant experience and group process offer encouragement that online delivery of mindfulness for psychosis groups may be a useful addition to mental health services for people with distressing voices.
The effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid in acute rheumatic fever
Authors: Yılmaz Münevver , Gürses Dolunay , Tükenmez Gizem
Published: January 2022

Background

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug used in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and it can cause serious adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and side effects of ibuprofen in the treatment of ARF compared to the classic treatment, ASA.

Methods

Children who were hospitalized for the treatment of ARF with isolated arthritis and mild carditis between October 2015 and October 2018 and who received non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory therapy were evaluated in the study. We compared the demographic data, clinical findings, efficacy, and side effects of the treatments of the children, who were divided into ASA and ibuprofen groups.

Results

Of the 38 patients included in the study, 21 were treated with ASA (ASA group), and 17 were given ibuprofen (IBU group). There was no difference between the groups regarding the length of hospital stay, total treatment time, time to resolution of clinical symptoms, and normalization of acute‐phase reactants. Liver enzymes increased during treatment in 13 patients (62%) in the ASA group and three patients (18%) in the IBU group (P = 0.009). In the ASA group, 69% of patients with increased liver enzymes were under 11 years of age during treatment. Clinical side effects were observed in three patients in the ASA group while none were observed in the IBU group.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that ibuprofen can be a safe alternative in the treatment of ARF, especially in young children. Although ibuprofen can be a safe and effective alternative to ASA, studies including larger series are needed on this subject.
Improved Spectral Purity of 222‐nm Irradiation Eliminates Detectable Cyclobutylpyrimidine Dimers Formation in Skin Reconstructs even at High and Repetitive Disinfecting Doses
Authors: Ivanova Irina , Svilenska Teodora , Kurz Bernadett , Grobecker Sonja , Maisch Tim , Berneburg Mark , Kamenisch York
Published: January 2022

UVC222 nm has germicidal effects with potential clinical applications. However, UVC irradiation is capable of inducing DNA damage like cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers (CPD). Although new devices have emission peaks in the short‐wavelength region of UVC (~222 nm), the remaining “collateral” radiation at longer wavelengths could be harmful to human health. We investigated the DNA damage caused by far‐UVC 222 nm KrCl exciplex radiation on human skin reconstructs after additional filtering using silica filters. The skin reconstructs were irradiated with 100 mJ cm−2, 500 mJ cm−2, and 3 × 500 mJ cm−2 unfiltered and filtered (230–270 nm suppressed) far‐UVC or UVB (308 nm) radiation. UVB and non‐filtered UVC irradiation induced a significant amount of CPDs, compared with the background. Filtered far‐UVC lowered the CPD amount compared with unfiltered UVC and UVB treatments. Repetitive UVC irradiation did not result in the accumulation of CPDs compared with UVB treatment. Reduction in excess of 99.9% of E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans was detected after applying far‐UVC radiation. This identifies a therapeutic window in which microorganisms are killed but tissue is still alive and not damaged, which could give rise to new clinical applications.
The Intersectionality of Deservingness for State Support
Authors: Assouline Michaela , Gilad Sharon
Published: January 2022

Studies of the ramifications of client race and ethnicity for bureaucrats' judgments treat minority status as homogenous. Yet, individual identity does not boil down to race or ethnicity. Members of racial and ethnic minority groups likely vary in their experiences and capacity to overcome the negative sentiments and stereotypes that burden their inherited group. To transcend unidimensional explanations, we combine Van Oorschot's deservingness framework and a gendered lens to study how the intersection of group identity and gender, as well as individuals' work history, co‐shape bureaucrats' categorization of clients. Empirically, we analyze Israeli professionals' categorization of applicants for state benefits, comparing their assessments of men and women of three social groups: the Jewish majority, ultra‐orthodox Jews, and Muslims. Interpreting the empirical findings, we offer that underlying the effect of applicants' group demographics are perceived cultural affinity to the majority and social contributions that vary with gender.

Evidence for Practice

Minority status, based on race, ethnicity, or nationality, and the perceived contributions of different groups, shape bureaucrats' judgments of individuals' deservingness for state support.

Minorities' workforce opportunities and interactions with members of the majority likely vary with gender roles.

If traditional gender roles among some minority communities provide men with greater opportunities for workforce participation and for interaction with members of the majority, bureaucrats may perceive women as less deserving than men. Depending on the task at hand, this could hamper women's likelihood of attaining benefits for which they are entitled.
COVID‐19 infection and the broader impacts of the pandemic on healthcare workers
Authors: Smallwood Natasha , Harrex Warren , Rees Megan , Willis Karen , Bennett Catherine M.
Published: January 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease or COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with more than 230 million cases and has challenged healthcare systems globally. Many healthcare workers (HCWs) have acquired the infection, often through their workplace, with a significant number dying. The epidemiology of COVID‐19 infection in HCWs continues to be explored, with manifold exposure risks identified, leading to COVID‐19 being recognised as an occupational disease for HCWs. The physical illness due to COVID‐19 in HCWs is similar to the general population, with some HCWs experiencing a long‐term illness, which may impact their ability to return to work. HCWs have also been affected by the immense workplace and psychosocial disruption caused by the pandemic. The impacts on the psychological well‐being of HCWs globally have been profound, with high prevalence estimates for mental health symptoms, including emotional exhaustion. Globally, governments, healthcare organisations and employers have key responsibilities, including: to be better prepared for crises with comprehensive disaster response management plans, and to protect and preserve the health workforce from the physical and psychological impacts of the pandemic. While prioritising HCWs in vaccine rollouts globally has been critical, managing exposures and outbreaks occurring in healthcare settings remains challenging and continues to lead to substantial disruption to the health workforce. Safeguarding healthcare workforces during crises is critical as we move forward on the new path of ‘COVID normal’.
Description of a low‐cost picture archiving and communication system based on network‐attached storage
Authors: Costanza Dario , Coluccia Pierpaolo , Castiello Erica , Greco Adelaide , Meomartino Leonardo
Published: January 2022

High costs for installing, maintaining, and updating a standard picture archiving and communication system (PACS) can be prohibitive for small/medium‐sized veterinary facilities. The aims of this prospective, exploratory study were to describe the design, implementation, and author experiences for 1 year's use of a low‐cost PACS based on network‐attached storage. The system described here was easily installed and resiliently stored redundant copies of data. It excellently balanced data recovery, system speed, security, and available memory for storage. A virtual private network also allowed off‐site data review. This system can also be used for future off‐site backup of data in the cloud.
The Language of Divine Faces
Authors: Hellner-Eshed Melila
Published: January 2022

This chapter follows the history of the language of the face of God from the Bible to midrashic and liturgical sources, as well as in psychoanalysis and philosophy.
Literature, Mysticism, Praxis
Authors: Hellner-Eshed Melila
Published: January 2022

This chapter covers the secrets of the Godhead and also narrative, simultaneity, paradoxical language, the idraic midrash, space, time, consciousness, experience, the personality of the teacher and the role of the circle of disciples, as well as religious practice in the Idra.
Entering the Idra Rabba
Authors: Hellner-Eshed Melila
Published: January 2022

The chapter is a close reading of the account of the opening of the Great Gathering.
Arikh Anpin
Authors: Hellner-Eshed Melila
Published: January 2022

This chapter delves into the elements of the divine face: hair/regulation of divine flow; forehead/will; eyes/providence; nose/length of breath.
Great Powers and Strategic Constraints
Authors: Kuo Raymond C.
Published: January 2022

The book’s first case study demonstrates how the dominant strategy constrains even the great powers’ alliance choices. It explores the core European pacts between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia from 1873–1890. These countries repeatedly established alliances to solidify their security relations, and they repeatedly failed. Austria-Hungary prevented Germany from displacing it from the heart of Berlin’s alliance strategy. Consequently, these three conservative empires were unable to manage deep, intra-allied disputes. Network constraints prevented the fluid, transactional balancing strategies, contributing to World War I’s onset.
The Dominant Alliance Strategy
Authors: Kuo Raymond C.
Published: January 2022

This concluding chapter calls for a “NATO in Asia” as the only credible demonstration of American commitment to the region against an assertive China. It draws out policy implications from the theory for international order, the feasibility and drawbacks of transactional foreign policies, and major war.
Thermotolerance in a spider mite: implications in disinfestation treatment
Authors: Ristyadi Dwi , He Xiong Z. , Wang Qiao
Published: January 2022

Tetranychus ludeni Zacher is a European spider mite species and an important invasive pest in horticulture. We investigated the effects of hot air on its survival and reproduction, providing knowledge for development of disinfestation programs using heat. We tested how each life stage responded to heat treatments of five air temperatures (45 to 57°C) and five exposure durations (three to 15 hours). We showed that no eggs hatched after exposed to 45°C for ≥ 15 hours, 48°C for ≥ 12 hours, or 51°C for three hours; no adults survived 51°C or 54°C for ≥12 hours or 57°C for ≥ six hours, and heat tolerance of other life stages fell in between. Higher temperature and longer exposure time also reduced developmental success and fecundity. These findings suggest that we may be able to eradicate the mites of all stages using one hot air treatment at 57°C for six hours or two treatments at 51°C for three hours at a 10-day interval to kill all eggs in the first treatment and those laid by survived adults in the second. The eradication strategy using hot air of 51–57°C may be more suitable for treating plant residues on exported/imported machinery, farm equipment and containers because it may have negative impact on fresh postharvest products. With the knowledge that exposure to 45°C substantially reduced the mites’ fecundity, particularly when the younger stages were treated, we suggest that heat treatment of fresh postharvest products with 45°C could still greatly reduce the quarantine risk of this pest.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Individuals With Intellectual Disability: Special Olympics as an Example of Organizational Responses and Challenges
Authors: Temple Viviene A.
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide crisis. It has been, and is, an extreme challenge for our health care and prevention systems, and for society as a whole. Among many facets of life, physical activity and sport has been heavily impacted. The aim of this viewpoint article is to highlight the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with an intellectual disability, with a particular focus on physical activity and Special Olympics. Specific objectives are (a) to share what the literature reveals about the impact of COVID-19 on the health and well-being of individuals with an intellectual disability, (b) to examine what is known about the impact of the pandemic on physical activity of individuals with an intellectual disability, (c) to describe Special Olympics program responses during the pandemic, and (d) to recommend areas for future research.
Comment on “The influence of juvenile dinosaurs on community structure and diversity”
Authors: Benson Roger B. J. , Brown Caleb M. , Campione Nicolás E. , Cullen Thomas M. , Evans David C. , Zanno Lindsay E.
Published: January 2022

Schroeder
et al
. (Reports, 26 February 2021, p. 941) reported a size gap among predatory dinosaur species. We argue that the supporting dataset is skewed toward Late Cretaceous North America and that the gap was likely absent during other intervals in most geographic regions. We urge broader consideration of this hypothesis, with quantitative evaluation of preservational and dataset biases.
Response to Comment on “The influence of juvenile dinosaurs on community structure and diversity”
Authors: Schroeder Katlin M. , Lyons S. Kathleen , Smith Felisa A.
Published: January 2022

The analysis of dinosaur ecology hinges on the appropriate reconstruction and analysis of dinosaur biodiversity. Benson
et al
. question the data used in our analysis and our subsequent interpretation of the results. We address these concerns and show that their reanalysis is flawed. Indeed, when occurrences are filtered to include only valid taxa, their revised dataset strengthens our earlier conclusions.
Biodiversity, food, and culture
Eating to Extinction
Dan Saladino
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. 464 pp.
Authors: Newman Lenore
Published: January 2022

A loss to one is a loss to all
Many-particle electron states in graphene
Authors: Morgenstern Markus , Goerbig Mark
Published: January 2022

Scanning tunneling microscopy probes ground state competition in a magnetic field
In Other Journals
Authors: Scanlon Seth Thomas , Suleymanov Yury , Ash Caroline , Vinson Valda , McCartney Melissa , Yeston Jake , Hurtley Stella M.
Published: January 2022

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
EU grants restrict U.K. and Swiss research
Authors: Guglielmi Giorgia
Published: January 2022

Rules on first grants from Horizon Europe highlight ongoing diplomatic disputes
Studies reveal dangers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: January 2022

Vaccination helps prevent stillbirths, critical care
Supplemental Material: Reconciling persistent sub-zero temperatures in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, with Neogene dynamic marine ice-sheet fluctuations
Authors: Halberstadt Anna Ruth W. , al. et
Published: January 2022

Additional details on the numerical climate and ice-sheet modeling methods, the impact of prevailing wind patterns on MDVs climate, temperature dependence on regional ice sheet geometry, the compilation of MDVs landforms and sedimentary deposits, and modeled snow accumulation.
On q-tensor products of Cuntz algebras
Authors: Kuzmin Alexey , Ostrovskyi Vasyl , Proskurin Danylo , Weber Moritz , Yakymiv Roman
Published: January 2022

We consider the [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text], which is a [Formula: see text]-twist of two Cuntz–Toeplitz algebras. For the case [Formula: see text], we give an explicit formula which untwists the [Formula: see text]-deformation showing that the isomorphism class of [Formula: see text] does not depend on [Formula: see text]. For the case [Formula: see text], we give an explicit description of all ideals in [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that [Formula: see text] contains a unique largest ideal [Formula: see text]. We identify [Formula: see text] with the Rieffel deformation of [Formula: see text] and use a K-theoretical argument to show that the isomorphism class does not depend on [Formula: see text]. The latter result holds true in a more general setting of multiparameter deformations.
Research on Improving the Accuracy of Axial Stress Measurement Based on Ultrasonic Signal Sine Function Interpolation
Authors: Liu Enxiao , Liu Yongmeng , Chen Yuanlin , Wang Xiaoming , Ma Huiping , Sun Chuanzhi , Tan Jiubin
Published: January 2022

The accurate measurement of axial stress of bolts is an essential means to ensure the stable operation of an aero-engine. In the measurement of axial stress of bolt by ultrasonic method, the change of ultrasonic velocity caused by stress is not obvious. In order to ensure the accuracy of ultrasonic velocity measurement, it is necessary to measure the difference of ultrasonic propagation time accurately. A high-sampling rate signal is the prerequisite to improve the measurement accuracy of the ultrasonic propagation time difference. In this paper, by studying the characteristics of ultrasonic signals, sine function interpolation is used to improve the time resolution. The experimental results show that after the sine function interpolation is performed on the ultrasonic signal recorded at a sampling rate of 100 MHz, the average error of bolt axial stress measurement is reduced by 4.288 MPa. Therefore, the sine function interpolation method of ultrasonic signals proposed in this paper can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the propagation time difference, thereby reducing the measurement error of the bolt axial stress in the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment represented by aero-engines.
Controls on groundwater selenium, arsenic and base metals in groundwater around a selenium-bearing volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit: constraints from stable isotopes, trace elements and redox controls
Authors: Leybourne Matthew I. , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Peter Jan M. , Kidder James A.
Published: January 2022

Understanding the controls on the behaviour of metalloids (Se, As) and metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) in natural aqueous systems is vital to interpreting hydrogeochemical data in environmental and mineral exploration applications. Geochemical, isotopic and redox measurements of a suite of groundwaters sampled from around the ABM zone of the Kudz Ze Kayah (KZK) volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in the Yukon, Canada are presented and contrasted with other case studies from a variety of mineral deposit types. This deposit has atypically high As (up to 4.3 wt%, average 2457 ppm) and Se (up to 2620 ppm, average 157 ppm) contents in the sulfide mineralization. As a relatively undisturbed deposit (unmined), it is an ideal site to study the mobility and solubility of trace metals in groundwaters. Herein we present field measurements (pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, oxidation–reduction potential and temperature), major ion, trace element, anion (Cl, Br, SO
4
, PO
4
), and stable isotope (

δ

2
H,

δ

13
C
DIC
,

δ

18
O,

δ

18
O
SO4
,

δ

34
S) data.

Waters are dominantly low-salinity HCO
3
to HCO
3
–SO
4
-type waters with variable sulfate (4.83 to 601 mg l
−1
), Ca (23–235 mg l
−1
) Mg (3.1–96.8 mg l
−1
), Na (0.30–66.9 mg l
−1
) and K (0.55 to 6.25 mg l
−1
) concentrations. These waters also have variable trace element concentrations that include As (0.01 to 148 µg l
–1
), Se (<0.02 to 1.01  µg l
–1
), Fe (0.01 to 3.84 mg l
−1
), Zn (<0.2 to 1070  µg l
–1
), Pb (<0.01 to 8.4  µg l
–1
), Cu (0.03 and 24.5  µg l
–1
) and Sb (0.01 to 54.4  µg l
–1
). Some waters also have elevated concentrations (compared to most meteoric waters) of Nb (up to 0.3  µg l
–1
), Y (up to 1.42  µg l
–1
), Zr (up to 18  µg l
–1
), and the rare-earth elements (REEs) (

Σ

REE up to 2.04  µg l
–1
). The

δ

18
O (−22.8 to −20.9 ‰) and

δ

2
H (−174 to −158 ‰), together with the

δ

13
C
DIC
(−10.6 to +1.9 ‰),

δ

34
S (+10 to +12 ‰) and

δ

18
O
SO4
(15.5 to −4.75 ‰) all suggest that local meteoric water has interacted with massive sulfide mineralization at the ABM zone. Our results demonstrate the requirement for the use of multiple techniques in hydrogeochemical studies, with dissolved concentrations of major and trace elements coupled with a suite of stable isotopes that help define a larger geochemical footprint for the KZK deposit. Water–mineral interaction between groundwater aquifers and VMS deposits like the ABM zone are distinctly different from dispersion halos described from other deposit types (i.e. Cu porphyry, unconformity U).

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Hydrochemistry related to exploration and environmental issues collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/hydrochemistry-related-to-exploration-and-environmental-issues
Continual Versus Occasional Spreading In Networks
Authors: Tavori Jhonatan , Levy Hanoch
Published: January 2022

Epidemic processes are widely used as an abstraction for various real-world phenomena - human infections, computer viruses, rumors, information broadcasts, etc. [5, 1, 3]. Under the SIR model (susceptible-infected-removed/recovered) in finite networks, the effective reproduction number, R(), decreases as nodes become infected and removed. Hence, the spread process remains active for a while but eventually dies out (following R < 1, "herd-immunity"). Such threshold phenomena have been observed empirically. In these special days of COVID-19, estimations of the spreadinduced Herd Immunity Threshold (HIT) are a key factor in directing strategic decisions concerning the fight against the pandemic.
Performance Analysis of A Queueing System with Server Arrival and Departure
Authors: Lu Yingdong
Published: January 2022

In many systems, in order to fulfill demand (computing or other services) that varies over time, service capacities often change accordingly. In this paper, we analyze a simple two dimensional Markov chain model of a queueing system in which multiple servers can arrive to increase service capacity, and depart if a server has been idle for too long. It is well known that multi-dimensional Markov chains are in general difficult to analyze. Our focus is on an approximation method of stationary performance of the system via the Stein method. For this purpose, innovative methods are developed to estimate the moments of the Markov chain, as well as the solution to the Poisson equation with a partial differential operator.
EDF vehicle charging under deadline uncertainty
Authors: Ferragut Andres , Narbondo Lucas , Paganini Fernando
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the EDF scheduling policy for charging electrical vehicles when the exact deadlines are not known by the scheduler. Instead, they are declared by users. We quantify the effect of this uncertainty in a mean field regime, and show that incentives appear for users to under-report their sojourn time. We characterize the average gain for a given uncertainty model and devise a policy to curtail strategic users.
A Constrained Bandit Approach for Online Dispatching
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Bin , Shi Pengyi , Ying Lei
Published: January 2022

Online dispatching refers to the process (or an algorithm) that dispatches incoming jobs to available servers in realtime. The problem arises in many different fields. Examples include routing customer calls to representatives in a call center, assigning patients towards in a hospital, dispatching goods to different shipping companies, scheduling packets over multiple frequency channels in wireless communications, routing search queries to servers in a data center, selecting an advertisement to display to an Internet user, and allocating jobs to workers in crowdsourcing.