bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por amor à filosofia... e ao mundo que se abre com ela
Authors: Cunha Edna Olimpia da , Krüger Julia Ramires , Lopes Sammy W. , Kohan Walter Omar
Published: July 2019

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre as potencialidades manifestas pelo Projeto “Em Caxias a filosofia en-caixa?” - idealizado e dirigido pelo Núcleo de Estudos de Filosofias e Infâncias (PROPEd-UERJ) - a partir dos encontros promovidos com duas escolas públicas do Município de Duque de Caxias, RJ, destacadamente com discentes da EJA da Escola Municipal Joaquim da Silva Peçanha; visando suscitar experiências filosóficas de pensamento, minimamente diretivas, orientadas a convidar o outro (com Heráclito), a elaborar entendimentos próprios sobre si, o mundo e a vida compartilhando-os e discutindo-os com um coletivo. Evidencia também o sentido da aposta política inerente à concepção do projeto e ao modo de condução da dinâmica de trabalho empregada para reger os encontros, demonstrando seu valor diferencial e, sob certa perspectiva, educativo.
Ensinar (Filosofia) com a solidão
Authors: Oliveira Luis Cesar Fernandes de
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de ensinar filosofia com a perspectiva da solidão, principalmente a partir da obra Assim falou Zaratustra, escrita entre 1883 e 1885, pelo filósofo alemão Friedrich Nietzsche. Para tal empreitada, primeiramente, analisaremos como o conceito de solidão pode estar atrelado à amargura e à tristeza, assumindo um sentido pejorativo para a conservação da vida humana ao se considerar o surgimento da faculdade da memória e o desenvolvimento da consciência. Outrossim, será abordada a distinção entre solidão e abandono oferecida na obra. Por fim, será erguida a questão da relevância de tais relações conceituais para o ensino de filosofia.
Experiências Metodológicas de Ensino no Pibid Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Ceará
Authors: Costeski Evanildo
Published: July 2019

O presente relato apresenta duas experiências metodológicas de ensino de filosofia desenvolvidas no âmbito do subprojeto PIBID Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, nas quais os conteúdos filosóficos ministrados valorizam a vivência do discente como ponto de partida para a reflexão e ao qual se busca, ao fim do processo, transformar a sua realidade cotidiana.
O Pibid e a aprendizagem significativa no Ensino de Filosofia: um relato de experiência
Authors: Santana Felipe Barreto , Cilento Angela Zamora
Published: July 2019

Objetivamos no presente artigo refletir sobre o programa PIBID/Filosofia/Mackenzie como instrumento de promoção da aprendizagem significativa. Pautaremos nossas discussões sobre o conceito de aprendizagem significativa e, posteriormente no levantamento do histórico e dos objetivos do Projeto e nas suas aplicações, comentando sobre as suas potencialidades bem como na experiência proveniente de um ex-bolsista e hoje, docente.
Anglicismos y galicismos en los orígenes de la lengua del boxeo
Authors: Ayuso Collantes Clara
Published: July 2019

La lengua del boxeo se forma en España a principios del siglo XX, cuando este deporte echa a andar. Las noticias y crónicas deportivas aparecidas en los diarios de entonces —el madrileño ABC y el barcelonés El Mundo Deportivo— sirven de base para elaborar el corpus de anglicismos y galicismos que entraron en el primer tercio de siglo para nombrar conceptos técnicos y específicos de este deporte. Se considera el momento de penetración de estos neologismos, su uso y pervivencia. En este primer tercio de siglo fue cuando mayor número de extranjerismos penetraron, que posteriormente irían consolidándose, adaptándose o desapareciendo.

The language of boxing was formed in Spain in the early twentieth century, when this sport started up. The informations and the sport chronicles featured in the newspapers at the time, the madrilian ABC and The Mundo Deportivo of Barcelona, were the basis to elaborate the corpus of anglicisms and gallicisms which entered of the first third of the century to designate technical and specific concepts of this sport. It is considered the moment of incursion of these neologisms, its use and survival. It was in the first third of the century when a greater number of foreign expressions entered, which would later consolidate, adapt or disappear.
Tres dimensiones en el análisis de la variación de la (des)cortesía
Authors: Fernández García Francisco , Ortiz Viso Tinúviel
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo sostiene la conveniencia de que los estudios sobre la variación intercultural de la (des)cortesía no contemplen los entornos culturales analizados como bloques homogéneos y monolíticos, sino que tomen en consideración la variación interna a ellos inherente, tanto la de carácter social como la de carácter situacional. Desde este planteamiento, se analizan las características y conexiones entre las tres dimensiones de variación pragmática propuestas (cultural, social y situacional), para argumentar la idoneidad de un modelo de investigación que, sin renunciar a la formulación de patrones interculturalmente diferenciados, los genere de una forma dinámica, capaz de recoger los matices de variación dependientes de las variables sociales y situacionales.

The present paper argues that studies on intercultural variation of (im)politeness should not conceive the cultural environments analysed as homogeneous and monolithic blocks. On the contrary, these studies should take into account the internal variation inherent to those cultures, at both a social and a situational level. From this perspective, We analyse the characteristics and connections between the three dimensions of pragmatic variation (cultural, social and situational) that are proposed. Our aim is to ascertain the suitability of a research model which does not renounce the formulation of interculturally differentiated patterns, but which generates them in a dynamic way, being able to gather the nuances of variation which are dependent on social and situational variables.
Modelos lingüísticos y psicolingüísticos de la concordancia entre el sujeto y el verbo durante la producción: Una revisión
Authors: Sánchez María Elina
Published: July 2019

Hablar es una de las actividades más naturales y frecuentes del ser humano. Sin embargo, supone coordinar con precisión temporal la intervención de materiales de naturaleza diversa. Al producir una oración, los hablantes deben transformar sus intenciones comunicativas en una secuencia de sonidos lingüísticos que permitan transmitir el mensaje que intentan comunicar. Esta transformación implica realizar una serie de operaciones complejas. Este trabajo se ocupa de una de esas operaciones, la concordancia, durante la producción de habla en tiempo real. Específicamente, se detallan los modelos lingüísticos y psicolingüísticos de la concordancia. En el primer apartado se describe cómo se efectúa la concordancia en español, para continuar con uno en el que se introduce cómo es vista la concordancia dentro del Modelo Minimalista de la Gramática Generativa. A continuación, se puntualiza cómo es el proceso de producción del lenguaje y los modelos que permiten explicar cómo se produce una oración sobre la marcha. Por último, se detallan diferentes modelos de producción de la concordancia.

Talking is one of the most natural and frequent activities of the human. However, it involves coordinating with temporary precision the intervention of materials of diverse nature. In producing a sentence, speakers must transform their communicative intentions into a sequence of linguistic sounds that allow them to convey the message they are trying to communicate. This transformation involves performing a series of complex operations. This work deals with one of these operations, the agreement, during online production. Specifically, the linguistic and psycholinguistic models of agreement are detailed. The first section describes how the agreement is performed in Spanish, to continue with a section that introduces how the agreement is seen within the Minimalist Model of Generative Grammar. Next, it is outlined how is the process of language production and models that allow to explain how a sentence is produced in real time. Finally, different models of agreement production are detailed.
Recently-adopted foraging strategies constrain early chick development in a coastal breeding gull
Authors: Sotillo Alejandro , Baert Jan M. , Müller Wendt , Stienen Eric W.M. , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Lens Luc
Published: July 2019

Human-mediated food sources offer possibilities for novel foraging strategies by opportunistic species. Yet, relative costs and benefits of alternative foraging strategies vary with the abundance, accessibility, predictability and nutritional value of anthropogenic food sources. The extent to which such strategies may ultimately alter fitness, can have important consequences for long-term population dynamics. Here, we studied the relationships between parental diet and early development in free-ranging, cross-fostered chicks and in captive-held, hand-raised chicks of Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) breeding along the Belgian coast. This traditionally marine and intertidal foraging species is now increasingly taking advantage of human activities by foraging on terrestrial food sources in agricultural and urban environments. In accordance with such behavior, the proportion of terrestrial food in the diet of free-ranging chicks ranged between 4% and 80%, and consistent stable isotope signatures between age classes indicated that this variation was mainly due to between-parent variation in feeding strategies. A stronger terrestrial food signature in free-ranging chicks corresponded with slower chick development. However, no consistent differences in chick development were found when contrasting terrestrial and marine diets were provided ad libitum to hand-raised chicks. Results of this study hence suggest that terrestrial diets may lower reproductive success due to limitations in food quantity, rather than quality. Recent foraging niche expansion toward terrestrial resources may thus constitute a suboptimal alternative strategy to marine foraging for breeding Lesser Black-backed Gulls during the chick-rearing period.
Correlation Study on Growth and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Grown under Integrated Weed Management in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Ajala A. A. , Muhammad A. , Yakubu A. I. , Adamu M. , Busari Y. A.
Published: July 2019

Weeds are the most prominent of all rice biotic stresses across all the ecologies in terms of yield reduction and increased cost of production. Weed control is therefore one of the most important and suggestive practices for potential rice production. Based on the above, field trials were carried out during 2017/2018 dry season at the Teaching and Research Fadama farm of the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology located at Jega (Latitude 12º21ˈN; Longitude 4º36ˈE) and that of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto located at Kwalkwalawa (Latitude 130 01ˈN, Longitude 5º09ˈE) to study the correlation between yield and selected parameters of some rice varieties grown in an integrated weed management (IWM) system. Both locations lie within the Sudan Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. The experiment was done between December, 2017 and August, 2018. The treatments consisted of six (6) weed management options (Solarization/Orizo-plus (3WAT)/Hoe-weeding (6WAT), Round-up/Orizo-plus(at 3WAT)/Hoe-weeding (6WAT), Solarization/Hoe-weeding (3WAT)/Hoe-weeding (6WAT), Round-up/Hoe-weeding (3WAT)/Hoe-weeding(6WAT), Weedy-check and Weed-free) and three (3) rice varieties (Jamila, Faro 44 and Faro 57). The factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement, replicated three times. Weed management options formed the main plots while rice varieties were assigned to the sub-plots. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that high weed density in rice field causes poor rice growth and reduces grain yield (r=-0.757). Also, increase in number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf area index, percent productive tillers, length of panicle, weight of panicle and 1000-grain weight resulted to increased grain yield. Therefore, factors that encourage the performance of those parameters can be explored for high rice grain yield.
Plants Mineral Nutrition on the Preference of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) in Eucalyptus sp.
Authors: Favare Lilian Guimarães de , Filho Otávio Peres , Souza Marcelo Dias de , Nascimento Diego Arcanjo do , Matos Sheila Espindola de , Júnior Josamar Gomes da Silva , Dorval Alberto
Published: July 2019

The plants nutritional maintenance is a support to their natural defense in relation to the insects attack of economic importance. The mineral nutrition arises as an alternative, since it provides the plants silvicultural conditions necessary to express all their productive potential, with the power of resistance to biotic constraints. Thus this study had as objective to evaluate the effect of different formulations of mineral fertilization in the eucalyptus plantations in relation to occurrence of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore), in the field. The experiment was carried out in the field from December 2015 to December 2016. The experimental arrangement was planned provided in the factorial design, with three origins of Eucalyptus sp. (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn; hybrids (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) x Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) and E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis); and seven nutritional formulations. The research data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), under a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (3 x 7), and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability of error. The response variable used in the analysis was the occurrence of eggs and lerps, being transformed, in order to become suitable for parametric tests. The population fluctuation was carried out in the planting annual cycle. For the correlation analysis between the dependent and the independent variables, the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation (r) and their values were analyzed by using the Student's T-Test. The omissions influenced on the preference of the red gum lerp psyllid to Eucalyptus sp. In E. camaldulensis the omission of nitrogen and potassium influence on the preference and the absence of silicon causes the favoring of the pest oviposition. In the hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis the absence of fertilization and the absence of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, individually, are less preferred.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Sector Development and Savings Mobilization in Nigeria: ECM Analysis
Authors: Jude Ikubor Ofili
Published: July 2019

This study employs Error Correction Model (ECM) and Co-integration analysis to study the relationship between financial sector development and savings mobilization in Nigeria 1986 to 2017. As expected from a developing country like Nigeria, a short-run positive relationship is observed between the Nigerian stock market and crude oil prices and the direction is from crude oil prices to the Nigerian stock market but not the other way round. The short run, interest rate earning has a positive and significant impact on domestic savings while the other variables have no significant impact domestic savings in Nigeria. Government should therefore consolidate on past financial sector reforms to improve domestic saving mobilization to reduce the dependence of Nigeria on foreign savings to finance domestic investment.
Microbleed prevalence and burden in anticoagulant‐associated intracerebral bleed
Authors: Lioutas Vasileios‐Arsenios , Goyal Nitin , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Krogias Christos , Zand Ramin , Sharma Vijay K. , Varelas Panayiotis , Malhotra Konark , Paciaroni Maurizio , Sharaf Aboubakar , Chang Jason , Kargiotis Odysseas , Pandhi Abhi , Schroeder Christoph , Tsantes Argyrios , Boviatsis Efstathios , Mehta Chandan , Mitsias Panayiotis D. , Selim Magdy H. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: July 2019

Prior studies suggest an association between Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs); less is known about nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). In this observational study we describe CMB profiles in a multicenter cohort of 89 anticoagulation‐related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. CMB prevalence was 51% (52% in VKA‐ICH, 48% in NOAC‐ICH). NOAC‐ICH patients had lower median CMB count [2(IQR:1–3) vs. 7(4–11); P < 0.001]; ≥5 CMBs were less prevalent in NOAC‐ICH (4% vs. 31%, P = 0.006). This inverse association between NOAC exposure and high CMB count persisted in multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders (OR 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01–0.83; P = 0.034).
Harnessing the Power of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers for Actuation
Authors: Hu Liang , Wan Yu , Zhang Qiang , Serpe Michael J.
Published: July 2019

A common behavior found in nature is the ability of plants and animals to naturally respond to their surroundings through actuation. Stimuli‐responsive polymers exhibit the same ability to naturally respond to changes in their environment, although manipulating them in a manner that allows their responses to be harnessed to do work via actuation is far from trivial. In this Review, examples that use temperature, pH, light, and electric field (and other) stimulation for actuation are highlighted. The actuation can result in materials that can be used to grip, lift, and move objects as well as for their own movement. As tremendous progress is being made in this research area, it is hard to imagine a future without these materials impacting lives in some way.
Biomodal Tumor‐Targeted and Redox‐Responsive Bi2Se3 Hollow Nanocubes for MSOT/CT Imaging Guided Synergistic Low‐Temperature Photothermal Radiotherapy
Authors: Song Yilin , Wang Yule , Zhu Yan , Cheng Yu , Wang Yidan , Wang Siyu , Tan Fengping , Lian Fan , Li Nan
Published: July 2019

Hyperthemia (>50 °C) induced heating damage of nearby normal organs and inflammatory diseases are the main challenges for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancers. To overcome this limitation, a redox‐responsive biomodal tumor‐targeted nanoplatform is synthesized, which can achieve multispectral optoacoustic tomography/X‐ray computed tomography imaging‐guided low‐temperature photothermal‐radio combined therapy (PTT RT). In this study, Bi2Se3 hollow nanocubes (HNCs) are first fabricated based on a mild cation exchange way and Kirkendall effect and then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) through redox‐cleavable linkage (‐s‐s‐), thus enabling the HNC to target cancer cells overexpressing CD‐44 and control the cargo release profile. Finally, gambogic acid (GA), a type of heat‐shock protein (HSP) inhibitor, which is vital to cells resisting heating‐caused damage is loaded, into Bi2Se3 HNC. Such HNC‐s‐s‐HA/GA under a mild NIR laser irradiation can induce efficient cancer cell apoptosis, achieving PTT under relatively low temperature (≈43 °C) with remarkable cancer cell damage efficiency. Furthermore, enhanced radiotherapy (RT) can also be experienced without depth limitation based on RT sensitizer Bi2Se3 HNC. This research designs a facile way to synthesize Bi2Se3 HNC‐s‐s‐HA/GA possessing theranostic functionality and cancer cells‐specific GSH, but also shows a low‐temperature PTT RT method to cure tumors in a minimally invasive and highly efficient way.
Antimonene Nanoflakes: Extraordinary Photoacoustic Performance for High‐Contrast Imaging of Small Volume Tumors
Authors: Yu Jingwen , Wang Xiu‐Hong , Feng Jinchao , Meng Xiaotong , Bu Xiangbao , Li Yang , Zhang Na , Wang Pu
Published: July 2019

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has evolved to a stage that high‐performance exogeneous contrast agents are urgently needed for imminent biomedical and clinical applications. Given that a material meets the basic criteria of efficient photoacoustic conversion, high biocompatibility, and fast excretion, great effort has been devoted to evaluating various materials for developing advantageous contrast agents to explore the full potentials of PAI. One focus is through modification of the current agents to boost their PA performance; whilst the other focus is to develop novel agents. Antimonene (AM) has emerged as a promising candidate for next generation of electronics among 2D materials due to its outstanding properties. Herein, it is reported that liquid‐phase exfoliated antimonene exhibits extraordinary photoacoustic performance, which is not only more advantageous than other 2D materials, such as black phosphorus, graphene oxide, and transition metal dichalcogenides, but also superior to the commonly used PA contrast agents, such as ICG and gold nanorods. An insight analysis reveals that the unique thermal property of AM, including intrinsic low thermal conductivity and the morphology‐related high interfacial thermal conductivity, might interpret the high photothermal conversion efficiency, and thus the excellent photoacoustic performance. The prodigious performance allows sensitive monitoring of intracellular events and high‐quality in vivo tumor imaging.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Synthesis of Amorphous Polyelemental Hollow Nanoparticles as Efficient and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Imran , Hameed Asima , Zhang Ning , Ma Mingming
Published: July 2019

Large‐scale electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation requires efficient, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Highly active and stable electrocatalysts can be achieved by amorphous materials with tunable polyelemental compositions, and further enhanced with proper nanostructures. Herein, the ultrasonic‐assisted template‐free synthesis of amorphous polyelemental (Co, Ni, Fe, W, B, P) hollow nanoparticles (PE‐HNP) is reported as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for both OER and HER. For HER, as‐prepared PE‐HNP attains 1200 mA cm−2 current density at a low overpotential of 195 mV. For OER, PE‐HNP is in situ oxidized to form PEO‐HNP, which attains 1200 mA cm−2 current density at a low overpotential of 309 mV. The activities of PE‐HNP and PEO‐HNP remain unaffected after 20 h HER or OER test at high current densities, showing higher activity and stability than the benchmark electrocatalysts Pt/C and IrO2, respectively. The PEO‐HNP║PE‐HNP electrolyzer needs a 1.85 V cell voltage to drive a high current density of 400 mA cm−2, which is much better than the IrO2║Pt/C electrolyzer (2.15 V for 400 mA cm−2). The strategy provides a cost‐effective and convenient method to synthesize amorphous polyelemental materials with designed hollow nanostructures for the development of high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Intensity‐Dependent Metasurface with Digitally Reconfigurable Distribution of Nonlinearity
Authors: Luo Zhangjie , Wang Qiang , Zhang Xin Ge , Wu Jun Wei , Dai Jun Yan , Zhang Lei , Wu Hao Tian , Zhang Hao Chi , Ma Hui Feng , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: July 2019

Nonlinear metamaterials are of continuing interest by manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves depending on incident intensity. Most of the existing nonlinear metamaterials rely on the interactions between superconcentrated EM fields and nonlinear substances within the resonant composites, which cannot be easily adjusted dynamically. Here, an intensity‐dependent metasurface is proposed, whose nonlinearity distribution is digitally reconfigurable. Different from previous works, an active microwave detecting circuit is integrated into each particle of the metasurface as the nonlinear module, endowing reflection phase of the particle with strong dependence on microwave intensities. By controlling the circuit using a digital bit, the particle can be switched to be linear with a fixed phase, which provides a digital way to reconfigure the arrangement of nonlinear and linear particles on the metasurface. Therefore, the phase profile on the surface is determined by the incoming intensity and digital controlling signals, opening up new possibilities in nonlinear EM wave manipulations. The concept is demonstrated by the digitally defined nonlinear scattering measurements at microwave frequencies. As a new metamaterial with the digitally reconfigurable nonlinearity and negligible thickness, this proposal may find potential applications including power protection, EM compatibility, nonlinear beam scanning, and so on.
Increasing phylogenetic stochasticity at high elevations on summits across a remote North American wilderness
Authors: Marx Hannah E. , Richards Melissa , Johnson Grahm M. , Tank David C.
Published: July 2019

Premise

At the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology, community phylogenetics can provide insights into overarching biodiversity patterns, particularly in remote and understudied ecosystems. To understand community assembly of the high alpine flora in the Sawtooth National Forest, USA, we analyzed phylogenetic structure within and between nine summit communities.

Methods

We used high‐throughput sequencing to supplement existing data and infer a nearly completely sampled community phylogeny of the alpine vascular flora. We calculated mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and mean pairwise distance (MPD) to quantify phylogenetic divergence within summits, and assessed whether maximum elevation explains phylogenetic structure. To evaluate similarities between summits, we quantified phylogenetic turnover, taking into consideration microhabitats (talus vs. meadows).

Results

We found different patterns of community phylogenetic structure within the six most species‐rich orders, but across all vascular plants phylogenetic structure was largely not different from random. There was a significant negative correlation between elevation and tree‐wide phylogenetic diversity (MPD) within summits: overdispersion degraded as elevation increased. Between summits, we found high phylogenetic turnover driven by greater niche heterogeneity on summits with alpine meadows.

Conclusions

Our results provide further evidence that stochastic processes may also play an important role in the assembly of vascular plant communities in high alpine habitats at regional scales. However, order‐specific patterns suggest that adaptations are still important for assembly of specific sectors of the plant tree of life. Further studies quantifying functional diversity will be important in disentangling the interplay of eco‐evolutionary processes that likely shape broad community phylogenetic patterns in extreme environments.
Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol curves in Argentinean indigenous children living at high altitude and US children
Authors: Hirschler Valeria , Daniel González Claudio , Maccallini Gustavo , Hidalgo Mariana , Molinari Claudia ,   on behalf of the San Antonio de los Cobres Study Group Collaborators
Published: July 2019

Objective

To describe the non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) as mean and percentiles by age and sex in Argentinean indigenous schoolchildren living at 3750 m, contrasting these estimates with those reported in the 2011‐2012 National Center for Health Statistics reference population (NHANES).

Methods

Non‐HDL‐C was calculated as total cholesterol‐HDL‐C. Analyses incorporated sampling weights for age and sex to obtain unbiased estimates. Sex‐ and age‐specific smoothed percentile curves were performed with Cole's LMS method.

Results

A total of 236 (49% males) children from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC) were evaluated twice and compared with 1409 NHANES children. Non‐HDL‐C values were 4 mg/dL higher in SAC than in NHANES (109 vs 105 mg/dL, respectively). Trends in non‐HDL‐C 50th percentile in females differed between ages 6 to 7 and 8 years; in SAC non‐HDL‐C decreased from 111 to 104 mg/dL, NHANES levels remained stable from103 to 104 mg/dL. Among children aged 9 to10 years, non‐HDL‐C increased from 114 mg/dL to 117 mg/dL in SAC, but decreased from 113 to 107 mg/dL in NHANES. Between ages 12 and 13 years, non‐HDL‐C increased from 108 to 120 mg/dL in SAC, and remained steady from105 to 106 mg/dL in NHANES. The 50th percentile of non‐HDL‐C in males showed similar trends except for ages 6 to 7 to age 8 when non‐HDL‐C remained stable from 106 to 107 mg/dL in SAC, and increased from 98 mg/dL to 104 mg/dL in NHANES.

Conclusions

Non‐HDL‐C levels in children vary with age, sex, ethnicity, and altitude. Different patterns in non‐HDL‐C were observed for girls in SAC compared with NHANES. However, more stable patterns were observed in boys in both groups.
PDGRFB mutation‐associated myofibromatosis: Response to targeted therapy with imatinib
Authors: Weller Johannes M. , Keil Vera C. , Gielen Gerrit H. , Herrlinger Ulrich , Schäfer Niklas
Published: July 2019

Heterozygous activating mutations in platelet‐derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) have been recently identified as a cause of autosomal‐dominant infantile myofibromatosis. We describe a 36‐year‐old man with PDGFRB c.1681C>T (p.R561C) mutation. Upon progressive disease, the patient received treatment with imatinib and showed a remarkable response with remission of multiple lesions after 12 months. This is the first report of an adult patient with PDGFRB c.1681C>T mutation treated with imatinib.
Biallelic variants in COX4I1 associated with a novel phenotype resembling Leigh syndrome with developmental regression, intellectual disability, and seizures
Authors: Pillai Nishitha R. , AlDhaheri Noura S. , Ghosh Rajarshi , Lim Jaehyung , Streff Haley , Nayak Anuranjita , Graham Brett H. , Hanchard Neil A. , Elsea Sarah H. , Scaglia Fernando
Published: July 2019

Autosomal recessive COX4I1 deficiency has been previously reported in a single individual with a homozygous pathogenic variant in COX4I1, who presented with short stature, poor weight gain, dysmorphic features, and features of Fanconi anemia. COX4I1 encodes subunit 4, isoform 1 of cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome c oxidase is a respiratory chain enzyme that plays an important role in mitochondrial electron transport and reduces molecular oxygen to water leading to the formation of ATP. Defective production of cytochrome c oxidase leads to a variable phenotypic spectrum ranging from isolated myopathy to Leigh syndrome. Here, we describe two siblings, born to consanguineous parents, who presented with encephalopathy, developmental regression, hypotonia, pathognomonic brain imaging findings resembling Leigh‐syndrome, and a novel homozygous variant on COX4I1, expanding the known clinical phenotype associated with pathogenic variants in COX4I1.
Victims' emotional distress and preventive measures usage: Influence of crime severity, risk perception, and fear
Authors: Chadee Derek , Williams Diana , Bachew Raecho
Published: July 2019

The central thesis of this study is that crime victims' emotional distress, influenced by the severity of the offence experienced, impacts their propensity to utilize preventive measures via its influence on perceived risk of victimization and fear of crime. Path analysis was conducted to test a model of these relationships, utilizing data from a crime victimization survey conducted on the Caribbean Island, Trinidad, in 2015. Results suggest a direct predictive relationship between crime severity and emotional distress and indirect effects of emotional distress on preventive measures through risk perception and fear of crime. Findings were discussed in the context of prior research, comparability, and variances, and practical implications were noted.
Pristimerin Induces Autophagy‐Mediated Cell Death in K562 Cells through the ROS/JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Yingxiang , Ren Ziting , Li Xiang , Zhong Jing , Bi Yun , Li Rui , Zhao Qun , Yu Xianjun
Published: July 2019

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a lethal malignancy, and the progress toward long‐term survival has stagnated in recent decades. Pristimerin, a quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from the Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae families, is well‐known to exert potential anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated the effects and the mechanisms of action on CML. We found that pristimerin inhibited cell proliferation of K562 CML cells by causing G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pristimerin triggered autophagy and apoptosis. Intriguingly, pristimerin‐induced cell death was restored by an autophagy inhibitor, suggesting that autophagy is cross‐linked with pristimerin‐induced apoptosis. Further studies revealed that pristimerin could produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then induce JNK activation. These findings provide clear evidence that pristimerin might be clinical benefit to patients with CML.
Ultra‐High to Ultra‐Low Drug‐Loaded Micelles: Probing Host–Guest Interactions by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Lübtow Michael M. , Marciniak Henning , Schmiedel Alexander , Roos Markus , Lambert Christoph , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: July 2019

Polymer micelles are an attractive means to solubilize water insoluble compounds such as drugs. Drug loading, formulations stability and control over drug release are crucial factors for drug‐loaded polymer micelles. The interactions between the polymeric host and the guest molecules are considered critical to control these factors but typically barely understood. Here, we compare two isomeric polymer micelles, one of which enables ultra‐high curcumin loading exceeding 50 wt.%, while the other allows a drug loading of only 25 wt.%. In the low capacity micelles, steady‐state fluorescence revealed a very unusual feature of curcumin fluorescence, a high energy emission at 510 nm. Time‐resolved fluorescence upconversion showed that the fluorescence life time of the corresponding species is too short in the high‐capacity micelles, preventing an observable emission in steady‐state. Therefore, contrary to common perception, stronger interactions between host and guest can be detrimental to the drug loading in polymer micelles.
Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Derived Mesoporous Si/SiOx@NC Nanospheres as a Long‐Lifespan Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Majeed Muhammad K. , Ma Guangyao , Cao Yanxiu , Mao Hongzhi , Ma Xiaojian , Ma Wenzhe
Published: July 2019

Silicon (Si)‐based anode materials with suitable engineered nanostructures generally have improved lithium storage capabilities, which provide great promise for the electrochemical performance in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived unique core–shell Si/SiOx@NC structure has been synthesized by a facile magnesio‐thermic reduction, in which the Si and SiOx matrix were encapsulated by nitrogen (N)‐doped carbon. Importantly, the well‐designed nanostructure has enough space to accommodate the volume change during the lithiation/delithiation process. The conductive porous N‐doped carbon was optimized through direct carbonization and reduction of SiO2 into Si/SiOx simultaneously. Benefiting from the core–shell structure, the synthesized product exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance as an anode material in LIBs. Particularly, the Si/SiOx@NC‐650 anode showed the best reversible capacities up to 724 and 702 mAh g−1 even after 100 cycles. The excellent cycling stability of Si/SiOx@NC‐650 may be attributed to the core–shell structure as well as the synergistic effect between the Si/SiOx and MOF‐derived N‐doped carbon.
Estimation of the intensity function of an inhomogeneous Poisson process with a change‐point
Authors: Ng Tin Lok J. , Murphy Thomas B.
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Recent work on point processes includes studying posterior convergence rates of estimating a continuous intensity function. In this article, convergence rates for estimating the intensity function and change‐point are derived for the more general case of a piecewise continuous intensity function. We study the problem of estimating the intensity function of an inhomogeneous Poisson process with a change‐point using non‐parametric Bayesian methods. An Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is proposed to obtain estimates of the intensity function and the change‐point which is illustrated using simulation studies and applications. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 604–618; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
A phase 1 and randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial of bevacizumab plus dasatinib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: Alliance/North Central Cancer Treatment Group N0872
Authors: Galanis Evanthia , Anderson S. Keith , Twohy Erin L. , Carrero Xiomara W. , Dixon Jesse G. , Tran David Dinh , Jeyapalan Suriya A. , Anderson Daniel M. , Kaufmann Timothy J. , Feathers Ryan W. , Giannini Caterina , Buckner Jan C. , Anastasiadis Panos Z. , Schiff David
Published: July 2019

Background

Src signaling is markedly upregulated in patients with invasive glioblastoma (GBM) after the administration of bevacizumab. The Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib has been found to effectively block bevacizumab‐induced glioma invasion in preclinical models, which led to the hypothesis that combining bevacizumab with dasatinib could increase bevacizumab efficacy in patients with recurrent GBM.

Methods

After the completion of the phase 1 component, the phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00892177) randomized patients with recurrent GBM 2:1 to receive 100 mg of oral dasatinib twice daily (arm A) or placebo (arm B) on days 1 to 14 of each 14‐day cycle combined with 10 mg/kg of intravenous bevacizumab on day 1 of each 14‐day cycle. The primary endpoint was 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS6).

Results

In the 121 evaluable patients, the PFS6 rate was numerically, but not statistically, higher in arm A versus arm B (28.9% [95% CI, 19.5%‐40.0%] vs 18.4% [95% CI, 7.7%‐34.4%]; P = .22). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the median overall survival noted between the treatment arms (7.3 months and 7.7 months, respectively; P = .93). The objective response rate was 15.7% in arm A and 26.3% in arm B (P = .52), but with a significantly longer duration in patients treated on arm A (16.3 months vs 2 months). The incidence of grade ≥3 toxicity was comparable between treatment arms, with hematologic toxicities occurring more frequently in arm A versus arm B (15.7% vs 7.9%) (adverse events were assessed as per the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). Correlative tissue analysis demonstrated an association between pSRC/LYN signaling in patient tumors and outcome.

Conclusions

Despite upregulation of Src signaling in patients with GBM, the combination of bevacizumab with dasatinib did not appear to significantly improve the outcomes of patients with recurrent GBM compared with bevacizumab alone.
Preoperative periodontal treatment and its effects on postoperative infection in cardiac valve surgery
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Matsuo Koichiro , Okamoto Mieko , Nakata Haruka , Sakamoto Hitomi , Fujita Mirai
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Oral infection control is important for patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement (CVR) as prophylaxis for postoperative complications. This study examined the changes in oral health status by preoperative periodontal treatment and its effects on postsurgical complications in CVR patients.

Material and methods

We recruited 64 patients undergoing CVR who received preoperative periodontal treatment at our hospital as the intervention group and retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 38 patients who had undergone CVR surgery without dental intervention as the control group. Oral health status was assessed at the first visit to our dental office, 1 day before surgery, and >7 days after surgery. Days of high fever, antibiotics use, and postoperative hospitalization were recorded for the intervention and control groups for statistical comparisons.

Results

In the intervention group, oral health status significantly improved from the initial visit to >7 days after surgery. There were significantly fewer days of high fever (>37.5°C) in the intervention group than in the control group, with comparable results for other events.

Conclusions

This study's findings suggest that preoperative periodontal treatment can improve oral health status surrounding CVR surgery and could be the contributor of the reduction in the risk of postoperative infection.
Metabolically healthy obesity increased diabetes incidence in a middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population
Authors: Wei Yue , Wang Jing , Han Xu , Yu Caizheng , Wang Fei , Yuan Jing , Miao Xiaoping , Yao Ping , Wei Sheng , Wang Youjie , Liang Yuan , Zhang Xiaomin , Guo Huan , Zheng Dan , Tang Yuhan , Yang Handong , He Meian
Published: July 2019

Background

We examined the association between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and diabetes incidence in a middle‐aged and elderly population and whether the association differed by the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

We examined 17 801 participants without diabetes at study entry (7980 males and 9821 females with a mean age of 63.2 years) derived from the Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort study (median follow‐up: 4.6 years). Participants were divided into six groups based on BMI (normal weight, overweight, or obese) and metabolic health (healthy/unhealthy) defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The MHO was defined as BMI greater than 28.0 kg/m2 with 0 or 1 of four metabolic abnormalities (elevated blood pressure, triglyceridaemia, hyperglycaemia, low HDL cholesterol). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident diabetes were derived from the Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results

During 79 843 person‐years of follow‐up, 1453 individuals developed diabetes. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight (MH‐NW) individuals, the multivariable‐adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.74 (1.16‐2.59) for MHO and 2.15 (1.65‐2.81) for metabolically unhealthy obese subjects after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, family history of diabetes, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and NAFLD. Among those without NAFLD, MHO individuals showed higher incidence of diabetes (multivariate‐adjusted HR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.47‐5.00) than MH‐NW individuals.

Conclusions

The MHO phenotype was associated with increased incidence of diabetes in a middle‐aged and elderly population, and the association did not differ by the presence or absence of NAFLD.
Synthesis of Carbon‐Branched Sugars Involving an Unprecedented 1,5‐ or 1,6‐Alkyl Transposition Reaction
Authors: Sridhar Perali Ramu , Rao Boddu Umamaheswara , Reddy Gadi Madhusudhan
Published: July 2019

An unusual 1,5‐ or 1,6‐alkyl transposition along with acetalization of 3‐deoxy glycals is reported. TMSOTf was used as the Lewis acid for carrying out the transformation. A plausible mechanism is proposed. The novel method provided access to 2‐C‐branched bicyclic acetals of various deoxy‐sugar derivatives as well as 2‐C‐branched levoglycosan derivatives.
Perception of phasic pain is modulated by smell and taste
Authors: Riello Marianna , Cecchini Maria Paola , Zanini Alice , Di Chiappari Miguel , Tinazzi Michele , Fiorio Mirta
Published: July 2019

Background

Pain perception is a multimodal experience composed of sensory, emotional and cognitive dimensions. Accumulating evidence suggests that the chemical senses can influence pain perception, but their relation with phasic pain is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smell and taste having different valence on phasic pain.

Methods

Twenty‐eight healthy volunteers received sweet, bitter and neutral odours or gustatory substances while receiving painful stimuli consisting of electrical shocks. Tactile threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance were collected using the psychophysical method of limits at baseline and in association with smell and taste. Perception of pain intensity and unpleasantness was measured with a numerical rating scale.

Results

Sweet smell induced lower ratings of pain intensity than bitter smell when stimuli were delivered at pain threshold. Sweet smell also induced lower ratings of pain unpleasantness than neutral smell when stimuli were delivered at pain tolerance. Sweet taste induced lower ratings of pain unpleasantness than bitter taste when stimuli were delivered at pain threshold. Conversely, pain threshold and pain tolerance per se were not affected by smell and taste.

Conclusions

These findings highlight an effect of sweet substances in reducing the subjective perception of pain intensity and unpleasantness associated to phasic pain.

Significance

By demonstrating the link between smell, taste and phasic pain this study may have a translational impact in clinical conditions characterized by so‐called shock‐like pain, such as neuropathic pain.
Hydrothermal accumulation under asphalt pavement in cold regions
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiong , Wu Qingbai , Zhang Ze , Luo Lihui
Published: July 2019

Water and heat changes are the main problems that plague the stability and service performance of roadbeds in cold regions. Though hydrothermal transfer and accumulation directly affect roadbed properties, these processes remain poorly understood as monitoring data are often collected over short time periods and large spacing in depth. This research compares water and temperature data collected from 2012 to 2015 to elucidate the physical mechanisms of hydrothermal accumulation under both asphalt pavement and original pavement. These thermal and physical mechanisms include differences in the freezing process (FP) and the thawing process (TP), water transport, condensation, and hydrothermal accumulation. For instance, when compared to the underlying layer, the thawing of the surface layer of asphalt pavement was delayed by 35 days because of differences in hydrothermal properties. During TP, liquid water content changes from 3.31%‐13.2% to 15%‐37.67%, and the unfrozen water content of the soil layers under the asphalt pavement was approximately 6.85%‐12.34% higher than that of the soil layers under the original pavement. A layer with high water content and heat formed under the surface layer of asphalt pavement and provided the appropriate conditions for vapor transport and condensation. Soil layers thawed early in the preceding year, and this hydrothermal accumulation occurred on an annual basis. The annual minimum monthly average temperature was thus found to be increasing at the rate of 0.34°C/y. As water content also accounts for heat accumulation and was found to be more sensitive to change than temperature, the results of this study can provide theoretical and technical data useful for highway construction and design in permafrost regions.
Occurrence, Distribution, and Ecological Risk of Fluoroquinolones in Rivers and Wastewaters
Authors: Teglia Carla M. , Perez Florencia A. , Michlig Nicolás , Repetti María R. , Goicoechea Héctor C. , Culzoni María J.
Published: July 2019

The use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of infections in humans and animals has increased in Argentina, and they can be found in large amounts in water bodies. The present study investigated the occurrence and associated ecological risk of 5 fluoroquinolones in rivers and farm wastewaters of San Luis, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, and Buenos Aires provinces of Argentina by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fast-scanning fluorescence detection and ultra–high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection. The maximum concentrations of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and difloxacin found in wastewater were 1.14, 11.9, 1.78, 22.1, and 14.2 μg L–1, respectively. In the case of river samples, only enrofloxacin was found, at a concentration of 0.97 μg L–1. The individual risk of aquatic organisms associated with water pollution due to fluoroquinolones was higher in bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, plants, and anurans than in crustaceae and fish, with, in some cases, risk quotients >1. The proportion of samples classified as high risk was 87.5% for ofloxacin, 63.5% for enrofloxacin, 57.1% for ciprofloxacin, and 25% for enoxacin. Our results suggest that the prevalence of fluoroquinolones in water could be potentially risky for the aquatic ecosystem, and harmful to biodiversity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2305–2313. © 2019 SETAC.