bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BDNF/TrkB activators in Parkinson's disease: A new therapeutic strategy
Authors: Ali Naif H. , Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , AlAseeri Ali Abdullah , Alruwaili Mubarak , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: May 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and is manifested by motor and non‐motor symptoms because of degenerative changes in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. PD neuropathology is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Thus, the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis by growth factors could be a novel boulevard in the management of PD. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase type B (TrkB) are chiefly involved in PD neuropathology. BDNF promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and enhances the functional activity of striatal neurons. Deficiency of the TrkB receptor triggers degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α‐Syn in the substantia nigra. As well, BDNF/TrkB signalling is reduced in the early phase of PD neuropathology. Targeting of BDNF/TrkB signalling by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the potential role of BDNF/TrkB activators against PD. In conclusion, BDNF/TrkB signalling is decreased in PD and linked with disease severity and long‐term complications. Activation of BDNF/TrkB by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology.
Deprescribing for people living with dementia: ALIGNing interventions and outcomes
Authors: Pickering Aimee N. , Anderson Timothy S.
Published: May 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Green et al.
Growth and impact of Project ECHO for workforce development in age‐friendly care
Authors: Carrico Catherine Phillips , McKibbin Christine , Waters Leland , Thompson Katherine , Graupner Jeffrey , Cotton Samantha , Faul Anna , Clark Phillip G. , Telonidis Jacqueline , Helm Faith , Caprio Thomas , Bennett Katherine A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Use of the Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model in geriatrics has increased dramatically largely because of the Health Resources and Services Administration‐funded Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Programs (GWEP) utilizing it as a key tool for age‐friendly, interprofessional workforce development. This manuscript describes the scope and impact of geriatrics ECHOs under the GWEP.

Methods

A survey of GWEPs was conducted to measure the reach, foci, evaluation methods, and other characteristics of ECHO networks.

Results

All 48 (100%) GWEPs responded to the survey, and 30 (63%) reported using ECHO. GWEP ECHOs have both rural and urban‐underserved reach across the United States, and their hub teams include many health professions. Age‐friendly care is incorporated through multiple methods and is taught across foci including primary care, dementia, long term care, and novel topics. GWEP ECHOs have many academic and community partners including Area Agencies on Aging, and reach varied health professions, trainees, and caregivers. Geriatrics ECHOs collect outcomes across the evidence continuum including the community‐level outcome of Age‐Friendly Health System designation.

Conclusions

The ECHO model has been widely adopted by GWEPs as a key approach for workforce training in age‐friendly care. Project ECHO is a valuable tool to expand interprofessional training for the geriatrics workforce, particularly for interprofessional teams in rural and underserved areas.
Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Aotearoa New Zealand: An online survey of workforce and outcomes 2021
Authors: Fisher Calum , Williman Jonathan , Burnside Mercedes , Davies Hannah , Jefferies Craig , Paul Ryan , Wheeler Benjamin J , de Bock Martin
Published: May 2024

Aims

To survey the national workforce that manages children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Aotearoa New Zealand and compare with glycaemic outcomes for 2021.

Methods

A representative from each tertiary and regional diabetes service in Aotearoa New Zealand was asked to participate in an online survey assessing health‐care professional (HCP) workforce numbers operating for the 2021 calendar year. Regional full‐time‐equivalent (FTE), glycaemic outcomes and population demographics were compared to a previously reported workforce surveys (2015 and 2019).

Results

Seventeen sites responded – including all four large tertiary centres – serving >99% of children and adolescents with T1D in Aotearoa New Zealand. HCP resourcing varied across sites, with median (range) HCP/100 patient ratios of: doctors: 0.40 (0.16–1.11), nurses: 1.19 (0.29–5.56), dietitians: 0.25 (0–1.11) and psychologist/social workers: 0 (0–0.26). No site met all of the International Society of Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommendations of HCP/100 patient ratios. Measures of socio‐economic deprivation predicted HbA1c, rather than the diabetes clinic attended. Overall, only 15.1% (240/1585) of patients had an HbA1c less than the recommended 53 mmol/mol.

Conclusions

The Aotearoa New Zealand workforce for children and adolescents with T1D is under‐resourced and no site meets the ISPAD recommendations. There has been no significant increase in HCP/100 patient ratios compared to previous workforce surveys over the last decade. Few children and adolescents with T1D meet the recommended HbA1c. Resourcing according to recommended clinical need is required if equity in outcomes for young people with T1D is to be addressed.
Limits on quality of life: Who has the answer?
Authors: Coppus Antonia , van Berkel Jannemeis
Published: May 2024

Taking care of persons with intellectual and multiple disabilities (IMD), especially when vulnerability and medical intervention increase, can lead to the question: to what extent is there still quality of life? In the search for answers, caretakers and families are confronted with unsolvable dilemmas such as how can we identify the meaning of this life or recognise when there is suffering? How does one understand and give meaning to quality of life where fragility is present? Society, on the other hand, which rates successful living as the standard, avoids the discussion on limits to quality of life by labelling it as a medical ethical issue. It has recently been argued that the medical perspective is leading in this discussion and is the deciding factor in giving meaning to quality of life. Such statements worry IMD healthcare professionals and caregivers. This article therefore aims to offer an insight into the professional, practical and personal care experience of both authors, to explore the issue in more depth and start a nuanced dialogue without losing sight of the immense complexity of the subject. To do this, we first outline the social context in which the healthcare practice has to take place, explaining the reality of it and the difficulties faced.
Screening for hepatitis C virus at the time of mammography using rapid diagnostic tests in women aged between 50 and 74 years (Mamm'OC NCT05067374)
Authors: Meszaros Magdalena , Coursier Séverine , Nagot Nicolas , Moulis Lionel , Taourel Patrice , Pages‐Bouic Emma , Fabre‐Demard Nathalie , Trentini Muriel , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Donnadieu Helene
Published: May 2024

Chronic hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection presents a global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in treatment options, achieving elimination targets by 2030, as set by the World Health Organization, remains elusive. Our study aimed to address this gap by integrating HCV screening into a national breast cancer screening program. Between March 2022 and March 2023, a prospective cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted in four radiology centers in Montpellier, France. We proposed HCV screening to consecutive women undergoing mammography, targeting 1,500 participants aged 50–74 years. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for HCV antibodies (HCV Ab) was performed on capillary whole blood, with positive cases undergoing serological and RNA confirmation. Participants also completed a questionnaire on demographic data and risk factors. Acceptance rates, HCV prevalence, and linkage to care were assessed. The acceptance rate for this integrated screening approach was 82.4%. Notably, the seroprevalence of HCV was found to be 0.65%. Linkage to care was prompt, and the cascade of care demonstrated successful treatment outcomes. Importantly, the majority of detected infections were successfully resolved. These findings underscore the feasibility and acceptability of integrating HCV screening with breast cancer screening programs providing updated prevalence data and valuable insights for refining future screening strategies.
Working with companies that manufacture breastmilk substitutes: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Arasi Stefania , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Ceylan Ozlem , Eguíluz‐Gracia Ibon , Del Giacco Stefano , Gelincik Aslı , Jutel Marek , Meyer Rosan , Ollert Markus , Torres Maria J. ,   Written the EAACI Formula Milk Industry Sponsorship Task Force
Published: May 2024

Breastmilk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants and should ideally be provided exclusively for the first 6 months of life, and alongside complementary food until 2 years of life. However, there are circumstances where a breastmilk substitute (BMS) may be required. This includes maternal and/or child conditions or personal preference. Whilst these circumstances should never be used as an opportunity to promote BMS, healthcare professionals (HCPs) need to have the knowledge of suitable alternatives and should always be guided by scientific and health motives when recommending a BMS. The Task Force ‘Milk Formula Industry Sponsorship’ from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), provides with this publication recommendations for EAACI interactions with the BMS manufacturers and how this will be supervised.
Environmental diseases, recognition for care: A qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions
Authors: Bolgeo Tatiana , Di Matteo Roberta , Gardalini Menada , Ruta Federico , Iacorossi Laura , Gambalunga Francesca , Maconi Antonio
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aims to investigate hospital nurses' perceptions of illness due to environmental exposures.

Design

A qualitative exploratory study, designed in accordance with the specified reporting guidelines for qualitative research.

Sample

Nurses working in Italian hospitals.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data, then evaluated using the framework analysis methodology. Data collection was from January to June 2022 and analysed from July to September 2022.

Results

Forty‐two nurses were interviewed. Data analysis revealed three themes: 1) the concept of disease in relation to environmental exposure; 2) the dangers of chemical and physical substances; 3) environmental changes cause concern and a sense of helplessness for the future.

Conclusions

The results suggest the need for specific training on topics related to environmental disease types, environmental exposure, preventive measures, health promotion, and environmental impact to support professional development and support nurses in the management of this important aspect of health care.
Tracking the long‐term vegetation and soil characteristics of restored mangroves: a case study from Guyana's coast
Authors: Ram Mark , Sheaves Marcus , Waltham Nathan J.
Published: May 2024

The global urgency to halt and reverse mangrove loss has led to the implementation of numerous initiatives to protect and restore mangroves and recover critical ecological functions and services. Restoration success is assessed by estimating mangrove survival, while diversity, vegetation structure, and soil characteristics are often overlooked with no long‐term monitoring. Here, we investigated long‐term changes in vegetation and soil characteristics of Avicennia germinans‐dominated stands planted along Guyana's coast between 5 and 11 years old. A chronosequence approach was used to examine changes in vegetation and soil parameters in restored mangrove stands of different ages compared to natural stands of the same ages. Tree height, diameter, and aboveground biomass were inconsistent between restored and natural mangrove stands. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the soil properties were the important factors influencing both the restored and natural mangrove communities. There were no clear trajectories between the vegetation and soil characteristics with age, possibly due to site‐specific and hydrodynamic environmental factors, such as tidal dynamics, riverine inputs, and climatic variations. While there were some equivalent vegetation and soil characteristics at the end of the first decade after restoration, the restored mangroves may require a longer timespan (approximately 25 years) than the period overserved in our study to be entirely identical to the natural mangroves. This case study from Guyana provides valuable insights into the ecological processes driving mangrove recovery dynamics, growth patterns, and restoration effectiveness and offers reliable data needed to inform future restoration projects.
Helium‐isotope constraints on palaeoceanographic change and sedimentation rates during precession cycles (Cenomanian Scaglia Bianca Formation, central Italy)
Authors: Lucas James R. , Batenburg Sietske J. , Hillegonds Darren J. , Mabry Jennifer C. , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Ballentine Chris J. , Robinson Stuart A.
Published: May 2024

For much of the pelagic sedimentary record, time control is limited to the resolution of precession cycles (ca 20 kyr): the Milankovitch parameter that forms the most detailed metronome for the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras. The influence of precession is often detected in lithological alternations, where the duration represented by individual lithologies is not well constrained. Here the novel technique of extraterrestrial helium abundance (3HeET) is used to investigate the sedimentation dynamics and palaeoceanography within individual precessional cycles. High‐resolution 3HeET timescales were produced for four precession cycles from the rhythmically bedded Scaglia Bianca Formation, a sequence of Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) deep‐marine pelagic limestones from central Italy that are well characterized by cyclostratigraphy. Using 3HeET concentrations as a proxy for sedimentation rate allows instantaneous sedimentation rates and organic‐carbon mass accumulation rates to be calculated for each bed within a precession cycle. Eccentricity is known to modulate the amplitude of precession forcing, and precession cycles deposited under eccentricity maxima and minima were selected for comparison. Lithological changes through these chert–(black shale)–limestone cycles are explained using the concept of ‘palaeoenvironmental thresholds’; these timescale calculations indicate that when the amplitude of precessional insolation forcing was greatest (at eccentricity maxima) the palaeoenvironmental system spent longer in the more nutrient‐rich environment under which siliceous and organic‐rich sediments were deposited, reflecting increased time spent above a ‘threshold’ insolation level. Estimates of primary productivity are relatively elevated for organic‐rich beds. An increase in the flux of terrestrial helium (4Heterr) during the deposition of cherts may have been coincident with an increase in terrestrially derived nutrients. The presented results indicate great potential for the use of 3HeET to understand past oceanographic, climatic and sedimentological processes at high temporal resolution.
Genetic polymorphisms in IL‐2, IL‐10 and FOXP3 are associated with autoimmune neutropenia in early childhood and autoantibody specificity in a Danish cohort
Authors: Kløve‐Mogensen Kirstine , Steffensen Rudi , Masmas Tania Nicole , Glenthøj Andreas , Jensen Christina Friis , Ratcliffe Paul , Höglund Petter , Hasle Henrik , Nielsen Kaspar René , Haunstrup Thure Mors
Published: May 2024

Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) in early childhood is characterized by chronic neutropenia and positivity for human neutrophil antibodies (HNA), resulting in the excessive destruction of neutrophils. The association between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and AIN has been described, and in this study, we investigated three Treg‐associated genes, IL‐2, IL‐10 and FOXP3. The frequencies of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL‐2 −330T>G (rs2069762), +114G>T (rs2069763) and IVS3‐116 A>G (rs2069772), four SNPs in IL‐10 −3575T>A (rs1800890), −1082G>A (rs1800896), −819 C>T (rs1800871) and −592 C>A (rs1800872) and three SNPs in FOXP3 –3499 A>G (rs3761547), −3279 C>A (rs3761548) and −924 A>G (rs2232365) were compared between 166 Danish AIN patients and 358 healthy controls. Disease association was observed for IL‐2 IVS3‐116 GG (p = 0.0081, OR = 0.35 [0.15–0.80]), IL‐10 −3575 TT (p = 0.0078, OR = 1.71 [1.16–2.54]) and IL‐10 −1082 AA (p = 0.014, OR = 1.76 [1.14–2.72]) in all patients and FOXP3 –924 (p = 0.0005, A OR = 0.41 [0.25–0.68] and G OR = 2.42 [1.46–4.01]) in male patients. None of the associations were linked to antibody specificity. Disease‐associated haplotypes were observed in IL‐2 and FOXP3. IL‐2 −330T/+114 T/IVS3‐116A was associated with anti‐FcγRIIIb‐positive patients (p = 0.012, OR = 2.07 [1.18–3.62]). FOXP3 –3499A/–3279C/−924A was associated with anti‐HNA‐1a‐positive male patients (p = 0.016, OR = 0.41 [0.20–0.83]), and ACG was associated with female patients, both in the combined group (p = 0.006, OR = NA) and the anti‐FcγRIIIb‐positive group (p = 0.002, OR = NA). We conclude that our findings reveal a correlation between SNP in Treg‐associated genes and AIN, indicating that AIN could be driven by dysfunction of immune homeostatic‐evolving Tregs.
Environmental regulations in developing countries and the span of firms' production stages: Evidence from China
Authors: Peng Shuijun , Wu Lamei , Zhang Liang
Published: May 2024

Despite the well‐established tradeoff between economic development and environmental protection, research on the economic costs of alleviating pollution, especially from the perspective of global value chain upgradation, is scarce. In 2006, in its Eleventh Five‐Year Plan, the Chinese government implemented strict environmental regulations against air pollution. We examine the causal effect of these environmental regulations – which were stricter for higher pollution emission provinces compared with lower pollution emission provinces – on Chinese firms' span of production stages after the policy shock. A difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences estimation reveals that, first, environmental regulations have a significantly negative effect on firms' span of production stages that robustness checks corroborate; second, the negative effects of environmental regulations on firms' span of production stages are realised through the simultaneous decline in import upstreamness and increase in export upstreamness. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the effects are more significant for firms in eastern China, and foreign‐owned firms; finally, the negative effects are manifested through the emission‐related input and output, productivity, and innovation mechanisms. Meanwhile, there are significant emission reduction effects. These results have implications on environmental policies in developing countries in terms of reiterating the need to achieve the dual objectives of environmental protection and global value chain upgradation.
Design, Fabrication, and Validation of a Portable Perturbation Treadmill for Balance Recovery Research
Authors: Knutson Robert G. , Whitten Justin , Graham David , Shankwitz Craig , Pew Corey A.
Published: May 2024

Trips and falls are a major concern for older adults. The resulting injury and loss of mobility can have a significant impact on quality of life. An emerging field of study, known as Perturbation Training, has been shown to reduce injury rates associated with trips and falls in older adults. Treadmills traditionally used for Perturbation Training are large, expensive, and immobile, forcing users to travel long distances to receive care. A portable treadmill would serve a larger portion of the at-risk population than current methods. We developed a portable, low-cost, twin-belt perturbation treadmill capable of high-intensity Perturbation Training. Belt speeds are controlled by a custom mechanical and software interface, allowing operators with no programming experience to control the device. The treadmill can accommodate users up to 118 kg and provides a maximum acceleration and speed of 12 m/s2 and 3.3 m/s, respectively, under full load. The total weight is 180 kg, and the treadmill can be moved like a wheelbarrow, with handles in the back and wheels in the front. The prototype was validated with mechanical and human participant testing, showing it as a viable device for Perturbation Training. In this paper, we will go over the design, fabrication, and validation processes used to create the Portable Perturbation Treadmill.
mRNA-LNP HIV-1 trimer boosters elicit precursors to broad neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Xie Zhenfei , Lin Ying-Cing , Steichen Jon M. , Ozorowski Gabriel , Kratochvil Sven , Ray Rashmi , Torres Jonathan L. , Liguori Alessia , Kalyuzhniy Oleksandr , Wang Xuesong , Warner John E. , Weldon Stephanie R. , Dale Gordon A. , Kirsch Kathrin H. , Nair Usha , Baboo Sabyasachi , Georgeson Erik , Adachi Yumiko , Kubitz Michael , Jackson Abigail M. , Richey Sara T. , Volk Reid M. , Lee Jeong Hyun , Diedrich Jolene K. , Prum Thavaleak , Falcone Samantha , Himansu Sunny , Carfi Andrea , Yates John R. , Paulson James C. , Sok Devin , Ward Andrew B. , Schief William R. , Batista Facundo D.
Published: May 2024

Germline-targeting (GT) HIV vaccine strategies are predicated on deriving broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) through multiple boost immunogens. However, as the recruitment of memory B cells (MBCs) to germinal centers (GCs) is inefficient and may be derailed by serum antibody–induced epitope masking, driving further B cell receptor (BCR) modification in GC-experienced B cells after boosting poses a challenge. Using humanized immunoglobulin knockin mice, we found that GT protein trimer immunogen N332-GT5 could prime inferred-germline precursors to the V3-glycan–targeted bnAb BG18 and that B cells primed by N332-GT5 were effectively boosted by either of two novel protein immunogens designed to have minimum cross-reactivity with the off-target V1-binding responses. The delivery of the prime and boost immunogens as messenger RNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) generated long-lasting GCs, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation and may be an effective tool in HIV vaccine development.
Diamond-lattice photonic crystals assembled from DNA origami
Authors: Posnjak Gregor , Yin Xin , Butler Paul , Bienek Oliver , Dass Mihir , Lee Seungwoo , Sharp Ian D. , Liedl Tim
Published: May 2024

Colloidal self-assembly allows rational design of structures on the micrometer and submicrometer scale. One architecture that can generate complete three-dimensional photonic bandgaps is the diamond cubic lattice, which has remained difficult to realize at length scales comparable with the wavelength of visible or ultraviolet light. In this work, we demonstrate three-dimensional photonic crystals self-assembled from DNA origami that act as precisely programmable patchy colloids. Our DNA-based nanoscale tetrapods crystallize into a rod-connected diamond cubic lattice with a periodicity of 170 nanometers. This structure serves as a scaffold for atomic-layer deposition of high–refractive index materials such as titanium dioxide, yielding a tunable photonic bandgap in the near-ultraviolet.
Engineering colloidal crystals molecule by molecule
Authors: Li Zhe , Mao Chengde
Published: May 2024

DNA particles are programmed to assemble with precision into complex lattices
Lubert Stryer (1938—2024)
Authors: Berg Jeremy
Published: May 2024

Trailblazing biochemist and author
Increased frequencies of highly activated regulatory T cells skewed to a T helper 1-like phenotype with reduced suppressive capacity in dengue patients
Authors: Sann Sotheary , Heng Borita , Vo Hoa Thi My , Arroyo Hornero Rebeca , Lay Sokchea , Sorn Sopheak , Ken Sreymom , Ou Tey Putita , Laurent Denis , Yay Chantana , Ly Sowath , Dussart Philippe , Duong Veasna , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Kleinewietfeld Markus , Cantaert Tineke
Published: May 2024

The pathogenesis of dengue involves a complex interplay between the viral factor and the host immune response. A mismatch between the infecting serotype and the adaptive memory response is hypothesized to lead to exacerbated immune responses resulting in severe dengue. Here, we aim to define in detail the phenotype and function of different regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets and their association with disease severity in a cohort of acute dengue virus (DENV)-infected Cambodian children. Treg frequencies and proliferation of Tregs are increased in dengue patients compared to age-matched controls. Tregs from dengue patients are skewed to a Th1-type Treg phenotype. Interestingly, Tregs from severe dengue patients produce more interleukin-10 after
in vitro
stimulation compared to Tregs from classical dengue fever patients. Functionally, Tregs from dengue patients have reduced suppressive capacity, irrespective of disease severity. Taken together, these data suggest that even though Treg frequencies are increased in the blood of acute DENV-infected patients, Tregs fail to resolve inflammation and thereby could contribute to the immunopathology of dengue.

IMPORTANCE

According to the World Health Organization, dengue is the fastest-spreading, epidemic-prone infectious disease. The extent of dengue virus infections increased over the years, mainly driven by globalization—including travel and trade—and environmental changes. Dengue is an immunopathology caused by an imbalanced immune response to a secondary heterotypic infection. As regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis and dampening excessive immune activation, this study addressed the role of Tregs in dengue immunopathology. We show that Tregs from dengue patients are highly activated, skewed to a Th1-like Treg phenotype and less suppressive compared to healthy donor Tregs. Our data suggest that Tregs fail to resolve ongoing inflammation during dengue infection and hence contribute to the immunopathology of severe dengue disease. These data clarify the role of Tregs in dengue immunopathogenesis, emphasizing the need to develop T cell-based vaccines for dengue.
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases regulate ascospore discharge through the exonic-sRNA-mediated RNAi pathway
Authors: Zeng Wenping , Lin Jing , Xie Jiatao , Fu Yanping , Lin Yang , Chen Tao , Li Bo , Yu Xiao , Chen Weidong , Jiang Daohong , Cheng Jiasen
Published: May 2024

Ascospores, forcibly released into the air from perithecia, are the primary inoculum for Fusarium head blight. In
Fusarium graminearum
, the biological functions of four RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) (
Fgrdrp1–4
) have been reported, but their regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood and the function of
Fgrdrp5
is still unknown. In this study, we found that in addition to
Fgrdrp1
and
Fgrdrp2
,
Fgrdrp5
also plays an important role in ascospore discharge, and they all participate in the generation of turgor pressure in a polyol-dependent manner. Moreover, these three genes all affect the maturation of ascospores. Deep sequencing and co-analysis of small RNA and mRNA certified that
Fgrdrp1
,
Fgrdrp2
, and
Fgrdrp5
partly share their functions in the biogenesis and accumulation of exonic small interference RNA (ex-siRNA), and these three RdRPs negatively regulate the expression levels of ex-siRNA corresponding genes, including certain genes associated with ascospore development or discharge. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes of deletion mutants, those involved in lipid and sugar metabolism or transport as well as sexual development-related transcription factors, may also contribute to the defects in ascospore maturation or ascospore discharge. In conclusion, our study suggested that the components of the
dicer
-dependent ex-siRNA-mediated RNA interference pathway include at least
Fgrdrp1
,
Fgrdrp2
, and
Fgrdrp5
.

IMPORTANCE

We found that in addition to
Fgrdrp1
and
Fgrdrp2
,
Fgrdrp5
also plays important roles in ascospore maturation and ascospore discharge of
Fusarium graminearum
. These three RNA-dependent RNA polymerases participate in the biogenesis and accumulation of exonic small interference RNA and then regulate ascospore discharge.
VLP-based model for the study of airborne viral pathogens
Authors: Caffrey Michael , Jayakumar Nitin , Caffrey Veronique , Anirudhan Varada , Rong Lijun , Paprotny Igor
Published: May 2024

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the danger of airborne viral pathogens. The lack of model systems to study airborne pathogens limits the understanding of airborne pathogen distribution as well as potential surveillance and mitigation strategies. In this work, we develop a novel model system to study airborne pathogens using virus-like particles (VLPs). Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to aerosolize VLP and detect and quantify aerosolized VLP RNA by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification in real-time fluorescent and colorimetric assays. Importantly, the VLP model presents many advantages for the study of airborne viral pathogens: (i) similarity in size and surface components; (ii) ease of generation and noninfectious nature enabling the study of biosafety level 3 and biosafety level 4 viruses; (iii) facile characterization of aerosolization parameters; (iv) ability to adapt the system to other viral envelope proteins, including those of newly discovered pathogens and mutant variants; and (v) the ability to introduce viral sequences to develop nucleic acid amplification assays.

IMPORTANCE

The study and detection of airborne pathogens are hampered by the lack of appropriate model systems. In this work, we demonstrate that noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) represent attractive models to study airborne viral pathogens. Specifically, VLPs are readily prepared, are similar in size and composition to infectious viruses, and are amenable to highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification techniques.
Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial of primary care-based facilitated access to an alcohol reduction website: cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Hunter Rachael , Wallace Paul , Struzzo Pierluigi , Vedova Roberto Della , Scafuri Francesca , Tersar Costanza , Lygidakis Charilaos , McGregor Richard , Scafato Emanuele , Freemantle Nick
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the 12-month costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained to the Italian National Health Service of facilitated access to a website for hazardous drinkers compared with a standard face-to-face brief intervention (BI).

Design

Randomised 1:1 non-inferiority trial.

Setting

Practices of 58 general practitioners (GPs) in Italy.

Participants

Of 9080 patients (>18 years old) approached to take part in the trial, 4529 (49·9%) logged on to the website and 3841 (84.8%) undertook online screening for hazardous drinking. 822 (21.4%) screened positive and 763 (19.9%) were recruited to the trial.

Interventions

Patients were randomised to receive either a face-to-face BI or access via a brochure from their GP to an alcohol reduction website (facilitated access).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome is the cost per QALY gained of facilitated access compared with face-to-face. A secondary analysis includes total costs and benefits per 100 patients, including number of hazardous drinkers prevented at 12 months.

Results

The average time required for the face-to-face BI was 8 min (95% CI 7.5 min to 8.6 min). Given the maximum time taken for facilitated access of 5 min, face-to-face is an additional 3 min: equivalent to having time for another GP appointment for every three patients referred to the website. Complete case analysis adjusting for baseline the difference in QALYs for facilitated access is 0.002 QALYs per patient (95% CI −0.007 to 0.011).

Conclusions

Facilitated access to a website to reduce hazardous drinking costs less than a face-to-face BI given by a GP with no worse outcomes. The lower cost of facilitated access, particularly in regards to investment of time, may facilitate the increase in provision of BIs for hazardous drinking.

Trial registration number

NCT01638338; Post-results.
107: REVIEW OF THE QUALITY HOSPITALS WEBSITES IN KHORASAN RAZAVI PROVINCE
Authors: Dastani Meisam , Sattari Masoume
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

The aim of the present study is to present a clear vision of the quality status of Khorasan Razavi hospitals websites in four dimensions of content, performance, management and usage of the website.

Methods:

This is a survey study. The sample consisted of 49 hospital websites of Khorasan Razavi province. The instrument was used check list including 21 components and four criteria (content, performance, management and how to use the website). Its validity and reliability have proved through previous studies. Also, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

The findings showed that only %59 of hospitals in Khorasan Razavi, has been active website. The overall Status of website showed that the most popular websites of the situation, too weak (%51), moderate (%26.5) and weak (%16.3), respectively. In relation to criteria content, study, management and how to usage of the website and design, the findings showed that %40.8 of websites had an unfavorable condition. Of the 16 high quality website selected, only three websites Sina Hospital in Mashhad, Javdoll-Aemeh in Mashhad and Razavi were in good condition and the other of the websites had weak condition.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that, yet most websites do not regard minimal medical standards and also, they could not establish good relationships with their audiences. In fact, in Iran, still regard to the quality and performance of websites has not been one of the priorities for improving service quality in hospitals. The findings of this study can be effective in the identification and development of hospital websites quality criteria in terms of design, content, performance and management and how to use.
118: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY IMAGE AND HYPOACTIVE SEXUAL DESIRE DISORDER AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN: AN IRANIAN SETTING
Authors: Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Malary Mina , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Khani Soghra , Pourasghar Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is the most prevalent sexual disorder among women that may pop up due to worrying about Body Image (BI). Body image is a complicated concept encompassing the biological, psychological and social factors. The current study aims to analyze the relationship between BI and HSDD among Iranian women in their reproductive age.

Methods:

this research is cross-sectional (descriptive –analytical) performed on 1000 woman in their reproductive age (15–49 yrs). The samples have been selected by systematic random sampling method. The data collection tool includes demographics and Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F) plus the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) for measuring HSDD completed as self-report by the samples. To analyze the data, univariate and multivariate regression test have been applied.

Results:

The mean age of the study community has been 32.09±7.33. After adjusting the effect of the confounder variables by logistic regression multivariate analysis, the odd ratio for HSDD in the individuals not satisfied or slightly satisfied with their BI has been OR: 4.2 (95% CI: 1.98–9.05) and OR: 3.9 (95% CI: 2.29–6.65), respectively, times more than those highly contended with their BI.

Conclusion:

this study depicted that dissatisfaction with BI is a determinant factor of HSDD. Thus taking this factor into account when acquiring sexual history can be useful order to provide optimal sexual counseling.
122: THE COMPARISON OF THE TWO RESISTANCES AND AEROBIC TRAINING APPROACHES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ANXIETY LEVEL IN NON-ATHLETIC WORKING WOMEN
Authors: karamidehkordi Masoumeh , Karamidehkordi Akram
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Physical activities effect has a direct relation with reduction of the potential physical and emotional risks. The purpose of this study was the comparison of the two resistances and aerobic training approaches and their effects on anxiety level in non-athletic working women in 2014 in Shahrekord, Iran.

Methods:

The statistical population under this study consists of all the working woman ages 35±10 who were not involved in any kind of specific physical training exercises in the province of charmahal-bakhtiari for the years 2013–2014, all occupied in the state executive branches with at least 3 years of experience in their field. A number of 362 workers were assembled from5 of these executive branches. According to pretest and measuring filled the katel anxiety questionnaire. Thirty participants with highest level of anxiety were selected as the main sample group. Again through equalizing this group was divided in to two empirical set groups of 15 each. Groups one was subjected to resistance exercises and groups two was engaged in aerobic exercises for 8 week (3–60 to 70 minute sessions per week).The anxiety levels were measured again after8week program, in all 30subjects.

Results:

The data were analyzed by t test. The results of both the resistance and aerobic exercises indicate that the specific physical experiences had reduced the anxiety and had a statistical significance. There is no statistical significance between the level of anxiety each both groups a according to the post tests (within 0.5 percent default).

Conclusion:

Hence we can conclude that the specific resistance and aerobic exercises are very influential in anxiety reduction a many non-athletic working women.
129: THE EFFECT OF LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OIL ON VITAL SIGNS (BLOOD PRESSURE, PULSE) IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: yousefi zeynab
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

common invasive angiography is a diagnostic test that is useful in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease patients often experience anxiety and increase their vital signs before angiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lavender essential oil on hemodynamic parameters in patients before angiography is inhaled.

Methods:

This study is a randomized clinical trial in which 40 patients scheduled for coronary angiography were involved after obtaining written consent from the patients were divided into two groups. Vital signs of the times before and after the intervention to measure and record Grdyd.sps 16 SPSS software using independent t-test were analyzed.

Results:

The two groups in demographic and hemodynamic parameters before the intervention, after intervention Ndashtnd.ama significant difference between the two groups in terms of hemodynamically significant difference were observed (p≤0/05).

Conclusion:

The scent of lavender significantly reduces blood pressure, pulse number of patients.
148: THE STUDY OF SPECIALIST PHYSICIAN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF TELEMEDICINE AND BARRIERS TO ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN TABRIZ TEACHING HOSPITALS
Authors: Miandoab Amir Torab , Alizadeh Ghasem , Rezaei Peyman
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

By incidence of modern technologies in different areas such as medicine which has been recognized as Telemedicine. This technology can play important role in increases quality level of medical services and health treatments. For successful increase of implementation and development of this technology in Iran needs to provide cultural, legal, political, social and technological atmosphere. Therefore assessing awareness volume of people and their attitude toward telemedicine can be an important factor in accepting this technology which indicated in this research.

Methods:

This research was done in 2016 with sectional and descriptive study on 676 Professional physician which provide health and treatment services at Tabriz University of Medical Science With random and questionnaire method including 4 sections,, awareness on telemedicine, attitude about telemedicine, utilization of telemedicine and barrier of telemedicine. Services based one extracted replies from completed questioners with SPSS software aid.

Results:

Awareness of physicians in related to telemedicine is poor, also 45 percent of physicians was use this technology that most usage is relate to phone council service and so from physician opinion's lack of suitable culture for utilization, lack of awareness about this technology and lack of infrastructure are most barriers to utilization from telemedicine.

Conclusion:

According to the statistics resulted from this research, it is understood that intendancy volume from this technology and its entrance to these hospitals accepted by many peoples. It is expected that it has developmental procedure in its reception and can be used properly with educational schedules and has economic effective benefits.
154: A PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION TO MAKE DECISION: IS THE USE OF SIMVASTATIN 10 MG AS AN OTC MEDICATION COST-EFFECTIVE FOR THE PRIMARY PREVENTION OF STROKE AMONGST WOMEN IN IRAN?
Authors: Amirsadri Mohammadreza , Dorri Niloufar
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death and disability in Iran. Stroke is a serious cardiovascular situation which poses many problems for both patients and societies. Considering the pleiotropic effects of statins and their safety, particularly in low doses, as well as the increasing trend of stroke in Iranian populations, the economic evaluation techniques were used in this study to support decision-making regarding the use of simvastatin 10mg as an OTC drug for the primary prevention of stroke among women with an average CVD risk in Iran.

Methods:

A semi-Markov model was developed in this study to investigate both cost-utility (using QALY or Quality-Adjusted-Life-Years) and cost-effectiveness (using LYG or Life-Years-Gained). Different discount rates (0%, 3% and 7.2%) used in various scenario analyses. The time horizon was life-long and the target population was women older than 55 years with average risk CVD (15% for 10 years). Two sensitivity analyses techniques (one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis), were applied to test robustness of the results.

Results:

In the base-case scenario the intervention of getting OTC statin for primary prevention was $9118 per QALY and $19016 per LYG per person with annual discounting rate of 0%.

Conclusion:

In Iran no threshold has been determined but the results were compared with the threshold that WHO recommended (GDP per capita for Iran is $5442.9 for 2014 by World Bank). Considering this threshold, the evaluated intervention could be considered cost-effective.
160: BEING EVIDENCE BASED: A HEALTH LIBRARY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Brettle Alison
Published: May 2024

Health librarians play a key role in the evidence based practice (EBP) movement by providing services and support to find, access, interpret and disseminate evidence. Health librarians also pioneered the concept of evidence based practice within the library profession evidence based library and information practice (EBLIP) and has developed a strong evidence base for their work. This presentation explores the concept of EBLIP within the health library profession and the dual role they play in supporting and undertaking EBP. A range of studies that demonstrate the effectiveness and impact of the services provided by health librarians are summarised to provide an overview of the evidence of the health library profession. The presentation concludes by putting forward the view that being evidence based is an approach that involves: questioning practice, gathering or creating the evidence, using evidence wisely and using professional skills to help others make evidence based decisions.
178: FORECASTING THE SHORTAGE OF NEUROSURGEONS IN IRAN USING A SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Ezzatabadi Mohammad Ranjbar , Zadeh Sina Abdollah , Rafiei Sima
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Shortage of physicians particularly in specialty levels is considered as an important issue in Iran health system. Thus in an uncertain environment, long term planning is required for health professionals as a basic priority on a national scale.

The study aimed to estimate the number of required neurosurgeons using system dynamic modelling.

Methods:

System dynamic modelling was applied to predict the gap between stock and number of required neurosurgeons in Iran up to 2020. A supply and demand simulation model was constructed for neurosurgeons using system dynamic approach. The demand model included epidemiological, demographic and utilization variables. Along with, supply model incorporated current stock of neurosurgeons and flow variables such as: attrition, migration and retirement rate. Data were obtained from various governmental databases were analysed by Vensim PLE Version 3.0 to address the flow of health professionals, clinical infrastructure, population demographics and disease prevalence during the time.

Results:

It was forecasted that shortage in number of neurosurgeons would disappear at 2020. The most dominant determinants on predicted number of neurosurgeons were the prevalence of neurosurgical diseases, the rate for service utilization and medical capacity of the region.

Conclusion:

Results of the study suggests that shortage of neurosurgeons in some areas of the country relates to maldistribution of the specialists. Accordingly there is a need to reconsider the allocation system for health professionals within the country instead of increasing the overall number of acceptance quota in training positions.
186: KNOWLEDGE, SELF-EFFICACY AND PRACTICE REGARDING THE USE OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AMONG MIDWIVES IN THE EAST OF IRAN
Authors: Azmoude Elham , Farkhondeh Fereshteh
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

The use of EBP can provide appropriate and effective care in pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period. Levels of knowledge and confidence in the ability likely related to implementation of evidence-based care. This study was carried out to investigate the level of midwifery knowledge, self-efficacy and practice toward evidence-based practice in the region east of Iran.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in all midwives of two hospitals and health care centers in Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran in 2016. Survey instruments included the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire and self-efficacy in Evidence-Based Practice scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient were employed to analyze the data.

Results:

The mean±SD scores of knowledge, self-efficacy and practice to implement EBP were 4.48±0.94, 3.53±0.68 and 2.80±0.81, respectively. A significant relationship were found between knowledge, self-efficacy and practice mean scores with proficiency in English language and statistical methods (p<0.05). Additionally, a highly significant relationship was found between knowledge and practice of midwives and proficiency in the use of databases (p<0.05). The midwives' mean scores in the two subscales of knowledge and self-efficacy was correlated with their scores practice toward EBP (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

This survey has shown the need to improve knowledge, self-efficacy and practice to assist in employing evidence based practice. Interventions that consider the relevant factors have been identified in this study, may help to increase knowledge, self-efficacy and practice regarding EBP.