bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
90 YEARS OF PROGESTERONE: Progesterone and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: past, present, future
Authors: Horwitz Kathryn B , Sartorius Carol A
Published: May 2020

Progesterone and progesterone receptors (PR) have a storied albeit controversial history in breast cancers. As endocrine therapies for breast cancer progressed through the twentieth century from oophorectomy to antiestrogens, it was recognized in the 1970s that the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) alone could not efficiently predict treatment responses. PR, an estrogen regulated protein, became the first prognostic and predictive marker of response to endocrine therapies. It remains today as the gold standard for predicting the existence of functional, targetable ER in breast malignancies. PRs were subsequently identified as highly structured transcription factors that regulate diverse physiological processes in breast cancer cells. In the early 2000s, the somewhat surprising finding that prolonged use of synthetic progestin-containing menopausal hormone therapies was associated with increased breast cancer incidence raised new questions about the role of PR in ‘tumorigenesis’. Most recently, PR have been linked to expansion of cancer stem cells that are postulated to be the principal cells reactivated in occult or dormant disease. Other studies establish PR as dominant modulators of ER activity. Together, these findings mark PR as bona fide targets for progestin or antiprogestin therapies, yet their diverse actions have confounded that use. Here we summarize the early history of PR in breast cancer; debunk the theory that progesterone causes cancer; discuss recent discoveries that PR regulate cell heterogeneity; attempt to unify theories describing PR as either good or bad actors in tumors; and discuss emerging areas of research that may help explain this enigmatic hormone and receptor.
Detección de anticuerpos anti-Toxocara spp. en caninos de una comunidad periurbana de la provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Guzmán-Gómez Natalia , Bermúdez-Salas F. Raúl , Schmidt Luis José , Bonilla Marta C. , Dolz Gaby , Urbina-Villalobos Andrea
Published: May 2020

La toxocariasis es una enfermedad zoonótica cosmopolita causada por nemátodos del género Toxocara. Los perros son hospedadores definitivos de Toxocara canis y pueden ser asintomáticos o presentar signos clínicos inespecíficos. El ser humano puede infectarse y desarrollar diferentes patologías.En Costa Rica, se ha realizado estudios de prevalencia de huevecillos de Toxocara spp. en muestras de suelo y heces de caninos, pero no se ha investigado la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra este parásito en perros. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar 55 sueros de caninos de una comunidad periurbana de Heredia, Costa Rica, utilizando una prueba comercial para la detección de anticuerpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Además, se utilizó la información obtenida, mediante un cuestionario aplicado a las personas poseedoras de los perros, para conocer las prácticas de manejo con sus mascotas y el conocimiento sobre enfermedades zoonóticas.Se determinó una seroprevalencia de 29%, lo cual evidencia que los caninos se infectaron con este parásito en alguna etapa de su vida. Se comprueba un desconocimiento generalizado acerca de las enfermedades zoonóticas por parte de los propietarios de los caninos; la mayoría de ellos aplicaba prácticas de manejo inadecuadas, tales como: no recoger las heces de sus perros en sitios públicos, poca o ninguna atención veterinaria para sus mascotas y protocolos de desparasitación de sus animales sin guía profesional ni registros confiables, lo cual podría favorecer la infección de sus mascotas con parásitos zoonóticos.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat Dichloride using TiO2-Fe Nano Powder under Visible and Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Kusumawardani Linda J , Syahputri Yulian , Iryani Ani
Published: May 2020

Paraquat dichloride, is an active herbicide with the chemical formula [(C6H7N2)]Cl2, and in the last decade became the most widely used agricultural pesticide in Indonesia. It has an important role in oil palm plantations but recently appeared many problems and caused environmental pollution. In this research, the photodegradation of paraquat herbicide using TiO2-Fe nanopowder was investigated. The TiO2-Fe catalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and characterized using XRD and DRS. The characterization results showed that Fe as a dopant on TiO2 produced a small crystal size. This condition can increase the performance of photocatalysis from the area of UV to visible light. Degradation of paraquat dichloride is carried out under visible and sunlight irradiation to significantly increase photocatalytic activity. Decreasing of paraquat content was observed for every 15 minutes and measured by spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The addition of 0.5 gram of TiO2-Fe catalyst to 50 mL of sample solution increased the degradation percent by 98.4% for 75 minutes with a concentration of Fe3+ 10% (w/w). These results indicate that the presence of Fe dopants on TiO2 can increase the photocatalytic activity of nano TiO2 particles from UV light to visible light.
SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: causes and current situation, historical lessons, and strategical therapeutic interventions
Authors: Shereen Muhammad Adnan , Kazmi Abeer
Published: May 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused an initial outbreak in China, now has 40 strains with infections in more than 200 countries worldwide, according to scientists. To date, 4,121,777 people have become infected and 280,868 people died as a result of corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), with many patients still under critical condition. The SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically similar to SARS-like bat viruses and, thus, bats can be a key host for SARS-CoV-2. Many viruses have been transmitted to humans due to the consumption of wild birds and animals as a food source. The lack of vaccine, improper containment, and diagnostic strategies by various countries have converted COVID-19 into a global pandemic. The lockdown conditions in developing countries may produce economic crises. COVID-19 patients can suffer from mental distress, partly resulting from quarantine restrictions, and therefore, there is dire need for mental counseling. The combination of previously used broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiviral and anti-parasite agents, and interferon have reduced viral infection at higher and frequent doses. Many patients have been discharged after clinical recovery, though COVID-19 can still leave severe adverse effects on patients. The use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has led to recovery of 90% of COVID-19 patients in China. The current review article highlights the current situation, the major causes which have led to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as strategical interventions to control the pandemic and cure infected patients.
Helping Parents Cope in the NICU
Authors: Haward Marlyse F. , Lantos John , Janvier Annie ,   for the POST Group
Published: May 2020

Parenting in the NICU is an intense journey. Parents struggle to build intimacy with their child amid complex emotions and medical uncertainties. They need to rapidly adapt their vision of parenthood to the realities of intensive care. The psychological impact of this journey can have important effects on their psychological health. For parents of sick older children, “good parent” beliefs have been shown to foster positive growth. This concept is also essential for parents of infants in the NICU, although their path is complex.

We write as clinicians who were also families in the NICU. We suggest parents need to hear and internalize 3 important messages that overlap but are each important: you are a parent, you are not a bad parent, and you are a good parent. We offer practical suggestions to NICU clinicians that we believe will help NICU parents cope while their infant is in the NICU and afterward.
O telefone celular na rede-jornalismo: o conceito de equívoco e a invenção de uma teoria diferenciante
Authors: Laia Evandro José Medeiros
Published: May 2020

A partir da Teoria Ator Rede e do método da Cartografia de Controvérsias (LATOUR, 2005; LEMOS, 2013), fazemos um mapeamento das mudanças agenciadas pelo telefone celular na rede-jornalismo, a partir de vivências etnográficas, durante as manifestações contra a realização da Copa do Mundo, no Rio de Janeiro, em 2014, e durante os protestos do movimento Black Lives Matter, em Nova Iorque, em 2015. A partir do material empírico, os conceitos de animismo e de tradução agenciam reflexões sobre o procedimento jornalístico, a partir da definição da notícia como uma tentativa de controlar o mundo ou, um tipo de controle coletivizante (WAGNER, 2010), que inventa o mundo a partir da redução da diferença. O contrário disso seria a invenção diferenciante, na qual a comunicação acontece pela diferença, em uma tradução-traição. Aventamos, então, a possibilidade de pensar um jornalismo em equívoco (VIVEIROS DE CASTRO, 2002, 2015), criando espaço para a proposta de uma teoria diferenciante do jornalismo.
Measuring the circularity of congressional districts
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Szakál Szilvia
Published: May 2020

Shape analysis has special importance in the detection of manipulated redistricting, which is called gerrymandering. In most of the US states, this process is made by non-independent actors and often causes debates about partisan manipulation. The somewhat ambiguous concept of compactness is a standard criterion for legislative districts. In the literature, circularity is widely used as a measure of compactness, since it is a natural requirement for a district to be as circular as possible. In this paper, we introduce a novel and parameter-free circularity measure that is based on Hu moment invariants. This new measure provides a powerful tool to detect districts with abnormal shapes. We examined some districts of Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, and Utah over several consecutive periods and redistricting plans, and also compared the results with classical circularity indexes. We found that the fall of the average circularity value of the new measure indicates potential gerrymandering.
The experimental application of steam explosion-pre-treated flaxseed meal with hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering functions in rats on a high-fat-sugar diet
Authors: Yu G.W. , Guo T.T. , Zhou X. , Huang Q.D. , Shi X.W.
Published: May 2020

With the increase in populations with suboptimal health and chronic diseases, consumer demands for health foods, especially food products with health functions. The flaxseed was a complex mixture mainly consisting of flaxseed oil, flaxseed protein, dietary fibre (including cellulose and flaxseed gum), carbohydrates and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). To investigate the effects of expanded flaxseed meal (EFM) intervention on the hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering functions of rats on a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet, EFM was fed to six groups (z = 8) of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats: normal control, HFHS model, positive treatment control, and low-, medium-, and high-dose EFM (5%, 10% and 20% mass fraction EFM, respectively) groups. The results (8 weeks later) were as follows: (1) medium- and high-dose EFM achieved similar inhibitive effects on blood glucose levels compared with positive treatment (5.94±0.32 mmol/L); (2) all EFM doses significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood plasma of SD rats and (3) EFM significantly increased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increased glutathione levels, and reduced the malondialdehyde content in the plasma of SD rats (P < 0.05). Therefore, EFM mitigated the adverse effects produced by HFHS diet on physiological functions, effectively regulated blood glucose and lipid metabolism, enhanced plasma antioxidant capacity and alleviated oxidative stress in SD rats with a certain dose–effect relationship among the EFM dose groups. Hepatic histological morphologies indicated that EFM also improved the size and density of lipid droplets in the liver of the rats and inhibited the onset of fatty liver. These results suggest that EFM is a potentially useful raw material in the development of blood glucose and lipid-lowering food products.
The pandemic in prison: interventions and overisolation
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio Garófalo de , Santos Ivete Maria , Santos Andreia Beatriz Silva dos
Published: May 2020

Prisional health is, in its essence, public health. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great threat to the world and has shown that preventing the disease escalation in prisons integrates the novel corona virus clash in society in general. Up to this moment, the most effective known measure to curb the disease spread is social isolation. Nevertheless, in penal institutions, often overcrowded, social isolation becomes difficult to carry out and, when it happens, it takes the enclosed population to overisolation, with consequences to their mental health. Besides, prisoners suffer with clogged up environment, lack of materials for personal hygiene, poor basic sanitary conditions and difficulties in accessing health services. In order to reduce the disease spread, several countries are taking measures such as definite or temporary release of prisoners and visiting restrictions. This paper deals with a narrative review on the pandemic effects in prisons and how government and civil society have organized themselves in order to reduce the disease consequences at those places. The text has been divided into three sections: the first with literature review on the current health theme; the second discusses how different countries have been dealing with the prison situation in the pandemic context, and, the last part focuses on how the Brazilian Penal System has reacted to the new disease.
Experimental and numerical investigation of cross-shaped stub CFSTs under axial compression
Authors: Hassam Muhammad , Guo Lanhui , Wang Yunhe
Published: May 2020

The cross-shaped concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) is a new shape of column, which avoids convex corners and increases the interior area of the room. Cross-shaped CFSTs possess high bearing capacity, good seismic performance and efficient construction speed. In this study, cross-shaped stub CFSTs under axial loading were tested. The key parameter is the width/thickness ratio of the cross-section. Experiments revealed that local buckling could be delayed and section capacity enhanced by reducing the tube width/thickness ratio. Moreover, a finite-element model was established using the commercial program Abaqus to simulate the compressive performance of the specimens. The results were used to confirm the precision of the finite-element model. Further, a parametric study was completed to inspect the effects of the tube width/thickness ratio, concrete strength and steel yield strength on the mechanical properties of specimens. Relying on the constitutive theoretical model of restrained concrete, an equation is recommended to calculate the section capacity of cross-shaped CFSTs. Finally, the practical outcomes and the calculated outcomes obtained from different design codes (AISC, AIJ, EC4, CECS and GB) were compared. The comparison results revealed that all recommended design codes underrate the section capacity of cross-shaped CFSTs.
Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with ESKD and COVID-19
Authors: Valeri Anthony M. , Robbins-Juarez Shelief Y. , Stevens Jacob S. , Ahn Wooin , Rao Maya K. , Radhakrishnan Jai , Gharavi Ali G. , Mohan Sumit , Husain S. Ali
Published: May 2020

Significance Statement

Immunosuppression and a high prevalence of comorbidities among patients with ESKD on dialysis raise concerns that such patients may have an elevated risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the outcomes for COVID-19 in this patient population are not clear. In their study of 59 patients with ESKD and COVID-19 receiving dialysis at a New York City medical center, the authors found that although the presentation of patients on dialysis with COVID-19 was similar to that of the general population, these patients have poor outcomes, including 31% overall mortality and 75% mortality among those requiring mechanical ventilation. In addition, higher levels of inflammatory markers associated with severe disease. This information will help inform care of patients on dialysis who develop COVID-19 and reinforces the importance of infection control measures when treating this vulnerable population.

Background

The relative immunosuppression and high prevalence of comorbidities in patients with ESKD on dialysis raise concerns that they may have an elevated risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but outcomes for COVID-19 in such patients are unclear.

Methods

To examine presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with ESKD on dialysis, we retrospectively collected clinical data on 59 patients on dialysis who were hospitalized with COVID-19. We used Wilcoxon rank sum and Fischer exact tests to compare patients who died versus those still living.

Results

Two of the study’s 59 patients were on peritoneal dialysis, and 57 were on hemodialysis. Median age was 63 years, with high prevalence of hypertension (98%) and diabetes (69%). Patients who died were significantly older than those still living (median age, 75 versus 62 years) and had a higher median Charlson comorbidity index (8 versus 7). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (49%) and cough (39%); initial radiographs most commonly showed multifocal or bilateral opacities (59%). By end of follow-up, 18 patients (31%) died a median 6 days after hospitalization, including 75% of patients who required mechanical ventilation. Eleven of those who died had advanced directives against intubation. The remaining 41 patients (69%) were discharged home a median 8 days after admission. The median initial white blood cell count was significantly higher in patients who died compared with those still living (7.5 versus 5.7×103/μl), as was C-reactive protein (163 versus 80 mg/L).

Conclusions

The association of COVID-19 with high mortality in patients with ESKD on dialysis reinforces the need to take appropriate infection control measures to prevent COVID-19 spread in this vulnerable population.
Ailffurfio Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon yng Nghymru: Adolygiad Personol o'r Llenyddiaeth
Authors: Furlong John
Published: May 2020

Mae'r rhifyn arbennig hwn yn canolbwyntio ar y newidiadau i Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon (AGA) a wnaed yng Nghymru dros y ddwy flynedd ddiwethaf. Wrth graidd y dull newydd hwn mae'r haeriad y dylai pob rhaglen AGA yn y dyfodol gael ei chynllunio, ei harwain a'i darparu nid gan brifysgolion yn unig, ond gan brifysgolion mewn cydweithrediad agos ag amryw o ysgolion partner. Ond beth yw'r cyfiawnhad am y newidiadau radical hyn? Pam mae angen dull cydweithredol rhwng prifysgolion ac ysgolion? Mae'r papur hwn, sydd ar ffurf adolygiad personol o'r llenyddiaeth, yn amlinellu'r dystiolaeth ymchwil a ddefnyddiais wrth gyfrannu at y broses ddiwygio. Mae'n ystyried tystiolaeth ar dri mater: rôl ysgolion; rôl prifysgolion; a'r ffyrdd y gallant weithio gyda'i gilydd yn effeithiol.
Gwneud Pethau'n Wahanol: Ymateb i 'broblem polisi' Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon yng Nghymru
Authors: Mutton Trevor , Burn Katharine
Published: May 2020

Mewn ymateb i gyfiawnhad clir dros ddiwygio addysg gychwynnol i athrawon (AGA) yng Nghymru (Furlong, 2015) mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymrwymo i gryfhau darpariaeth drwy 'system wirioneddol gydweithredol, lle mae prifysgolion ac ysgolion yn gweithio mewn partneriaeth gref, gyda chefnogaeth y consortia, gan gydnabod pwysigrwydd gwaith ymchwil' (Williams, 2017: 1). Roedd cyhoeddi'r meini prawf cenedlaethol ar gyfer achredu rhaglenni AGA yng Nghymru (Llywodraeth Cymru, 2017) yn amlinellu'r gofynion ar gyfer pob rhaglen AGA, gan bwysleisio'r angen am ymagwedd integredig tuag at ddysgu athrawon dan hyfforddiant o fewn modelau cydweithredol sy'n cael eu llywio gan ymchwil ar bob lefel. Gan ddefnyddio model deinamig Vidovich (2007) o ddadansoddi polisi, sy'n cymryd i ystyriaeth ddylanwadau ar gynhyrchu testun polisi ar lefelau macro, canolradd a micro, mae'r papur yn archwilio'r broses a ddefnyddiwyd i gynnig a rhoi ar waith y diwygiadau penodol hyn (yn edrych ar gyfnod o chwe blynedd rhwng 2013 a 2019) a'r ffyrdd y mae darparwyr sydd wedi eu hachredu'n ddiweddar yng Nghymru wedi dechrau ymateb i'r agenda heriol y maen nhw'n ei chynrychioli. Mae'r papur yn cloi drwy gynnig golwg ar beth allai'r cyfleoedd a'r heriau fod i ddarparwyr AGA yng Nghymru yn nhermau datblygu ymhellach fodelau o ymarfer clinigol wedi'u llywio gan ymchwil.
Addysgu y Tu Hwnt i'r Ffiniau: Fframwaith Cysyniadol ac Athroniaeth Ddysgu'r Rhaglen Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon Arloesol yng Nghymru
Authors: Thomas Malcolm , Rees Barry , Evans Gareth Emyr , Thomas Nicola , Williams Clive , Lewis Berian , Phillips Daryl , Hand Allyson , Davies Andrew , Davies Prysor Mason , Chapman Susan , Reed Mike , Lewis Manon , Bowen Siân
Published: May 2020

Mae'r papur hwn yn amlinellu datblygiad un rhaglen AGA integredig sy'n arwain at ddau lwybr SAC: Tystysgrif Addysg i Raddedigion Cynradd gyda Chyfoethogi Uwchradd; a Thystysgrif Addysg i Raddedigion Uwchradd gyda Chyfoethogi Cynradd. Mae rhaglen AGA integredig Dysgu Aber+ yn galluogi athrawon i 'addysgu y tu hwnt i'r ffiniau ar gyfer profiad cyfannol'. Mae'r papur yn adolygu fframwaith cysyniadol y rhaglen a'i hathroniaeth ddysgu ac wrth wneud hynny mae'n ystyried yr egwyddorion craidd a ddylanwadodd ar gynllun y rhaglen, fel a ganlyn: Partneriaeth Gynhwysol; Addysgeg Effeithiol; Addysgeg Integredig; Addysgeg Arbenigol ac wedi'i Chyfoethogi; Addysgeg a Rennir ac Adfyfyriol; Diwylliant Ymchwil Gwirioneddol Gydweithredol, Atebolrwydd Democrataidd ac wyth egwyddor yr Athroniaeth Ddysgu. Mae'r papur yn mynd ymlaen i esbonio sut mae'r rhaglen integredig yn cael ei chyflwyno drwy gyfrwng dull hwb clwstwr ar draws 5 rhanbarth hwb yng Nghanolbarth Cymru. Wrth wneud hyn, mae'n amlinellu rôl staff y Brifysgol a Phrif fentoriaid a mentoriaid Ysgolion Partner yn ogystal ag isafswm y gofynion ar gyfer athrawon dan hyfforddiant tra'u bod ar brofiad yn yr ysgol. Mae ystyriaeth hefyd yn cael ei rhoi i ddarpariaeth a chefnogaeth cyfrwng Cymraeg yn ogystal â rôl ganolog ymchwil o fewn y Bartneriaeth AGA gyfan. Mae'r papur yn cloi drwy ystyried beth sy'n arloesol am y rhaglen a'r manteision sy'n dod i'r athrawon dan hyfforddiant wrth ddilyn y rhaglen.
Dylunio Rhaglen Integredig o Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon Cynnydd, Ystyriaethau a Myfyrdodau
Authors: Lewis Helen , Harris Alma , Jones Michelle , Lucas Neil , Thomas Joanna
Published: May 2020

Mae'r erthygl hon yn edrych ar ddatblygu rhaglen integredig o addysg gychwynnol i athrawon wedi'i seilio ar ddull ymarfer clinigol sy'n ceisio datblygu athrawon dan hyfforddiant fel ymarferwyr adfyfyriol sy'n gweithio ar sail ymchwil. Mae'r erthygl yn amlinellu penderfyniadau allweddol wrth ddatblygu ymagwedd integredig at raglen newydd o addysg gychwynnol i athrawon sy'n llawn ymchwil ac yn seiliedig ar ymchwil. Mae'n tynnu sylw at ba mor ganolog yw dull partneriaeth wrth ddylunio'r rhaglen ac yn amlinellu'r broses ddatblygu ar y cyd wrth wraidd y rhaglen. Mae'r erthygl hefyd yn egluro sut mae arbenigwyr pwnc Prifysgol yn rhan annatod o'r rhaglen AGA, gan ddarparu arbenigedd pwnc ac ymchwil. Amlinellir prif nodweddion y rhaglen integredig hon o AGA, ac mae'r erthygl yn gorffen drwy gynnig rhai myfyrdodau ac ystyriaethau ynghylch dull o gyflwyno addysg gychwynnol i athrawon sy'n wirioneddol seiliedig ar ymchwil ac wedi'i seilio ar waith ymchwilio gan athrawon.
Newid y Lens: Mapio Datblygiad Ymagweddau Ymchwil mewn Rhaglenni Addysg Gychwynnol i Athrawon (AGA)
Authors: Waters Jane , Sharpling Elaine
Published: May 2020

Mae'r weledigaeth ar gyfer AGA yng Nghymru'n ei gwneud yn ofynnol i Athrawon Newydd Gymhwyso ddeall sut i gynnal ymchwil sy'n 'agos at ymarfer' a gallu defnyddio ymagweddau wedi'u llywio gan dystiolaeth at addysgeg (Furlong, 2016; Llywodraeth Cymru 2018). Mae'r papur hwn yn disgrifio'r prosesau a ddefnyddiodd un bartneriaeth Sefydliad Addysg Uwch ac ysgolion (PDPA) i ddatblygu rhaglenni AGA er mwyn ymateb i'r weledigaeth hon, gan ganolbwyntio'n benodol ar daith yr athro dan hyff orddiant trwy'r gwaith o ddatblygu pedair ymagwedd at ymchwil. Mae'r rhaglenni'n ceisio sicrhau bod myfyrwyr AGA yn datblygu 'saf bwynt ymholgar', gyda hyn yn adlewyrchu dealltwriaeth Cochran-Smith (2011) sy'n defnyddio'r term ymholi i gyfeirio at gwestiynu gan athrawon a'r priod ddull safbwynt i gyfleu cyfeiriad a sefyllfa. Er mwyn ategu'r sgiliau ymchwil angenrheidiol i fabwysiadu saf bwynt ymholgar, addaswyd gwaith Orchard a Winch (2015) a'i ddistyllu yn bedair ymagwedd ar gyfer yr athro dan hyfforddiant a nodwyd camau cynnydd ar gyfer gwahanol lefelau o astudio. Mae'r ymagweddau ymchwil a gwybodaeth, sgiliau, dealltwriaeth ac ymddygiad cysylltiedig wedi'u mapio trwy gynnwys y modiwlau ym mhob rhaglen AGA a gynigir. Rydym yn cynnwys ystyr iaeth o'r tensiynau sy'n amlwg yn natblygiad cynnwys manwl modiwlau ac yn dychmygu y gall y rhain fod yn ganlyniad anochel i arfer proffesiynol o berfformiadoldeb sy'n ganlyniad i systemau addysg a lywiwyd yn hanes yddol gan strwythurau atebolrwydd.
Vulva yerleşimli ektopik meme dokusundan gelişen primer meme kanseri
Authors: AÇAR Sami , GÜRDAL Sibel
Published: May 2020

GİRİŞ
Bilateral meme dokusu, embriyolojik açıdan ektodermal kökenli olup, inguinal bölge ile aksilla kıvrımının ventrali arasında gelişim gösterir. Ektopik meme dokusu primitif embriyonejenik süt çizgisi boyunca atrofinin oluşmadığı alanlarda, çoğunlukla da aksillada bulunur. İkinci sıklıkta vulvada görülür.

OLGU
Yazımızda, sağ vulva labia majusta yer alan ektopik meme dokusundan gelişen primer meme kanserine sahip 66 yaşında postmenapozal bayan hasta sunulmuştur. Uzun süredir vaginal bölgesinde var olduğunu bildiği kabarıklıkta başlayan ve tedavi ile düzelmeyen yara şikayeti ile polikliniğe başvurmuş, sistemik değerlendirmesinde patolojik bulgu saptanmamış ve tanısı yapılan cerrahi tedavi sonrasında konulabilmiştir.

SONUÇ
Ektopik meme dokusu, meme kanseri gelişimi için risk faktörüdür. Vulvada yerleşimli kitlesel dokularda bu olasılık her zaman akılda bulundurulmalıdır. Genellikle uzun süredir iyileşmeyen cilt lezyonlarına neden olarak bulgu verir. Literatürde az sayıda olgu sunumu ile yer alması nedeniyle, tedavi algoritması henüz netleşmemiştir. Bu bilgiler ışığında hasta, bireysel olarak değerlendirilmeli ve tedavi planlaması multidisipliner ortamda yapılmalıdır.
Factores que inciden en la gestión de proyectos de investigación científica
Authors: Rosario Villarreal Marco Aurelio , Ocaña Fernández Yolvi , Capillo Chávez Cesar Herminio , Lavado Rodríguez Alejandrino Benito , El Homrani Mohammed , Arias Romero S. Mateo
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación pretende explicar que existen factores externos, que influyen directamente en la gestión de los proyectos de investigación científica y tecnológica financiados con recursos del Fondo de desarrollo socioeconómico de Camisea (Focam) de la Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica (UNH). Dentro de estos factores externos que inciden directamente se encuentran las competencias profesionales de los docentes investigadores y la gestión logística que permite la implementación de la investigación. Se utiliza el enfoque cuantitativo, el tipo de investigación sustantiva explicativa y el diseño de investigación es no experimental de corte transversal tipo explicativo causal. La muestra censal con un tamaño de muestra de 49 docentes investigadores de Ingeniería. Para la presente investigación, se usó la técnica de la encuesta para las tres variables de estudio. Se puede afirmar que existe influencia positiva de las competencias profesionales y la gestión logística sobre la gestión de los proyectos de investigación científica financiados con recursos de Focam. Es la primera investigación que ofrece una discusión sobre en qué nivel de gestión se encuentran los proyectos de investigación científica ejecutados en la Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica, desde la planificación de la investigación hasta la publicación del artículo científico en una revista indizada. Se plantean alternativas de solución para los investigadores y para la oficina de logística que ayudarán a gestionar eficientemente los proyectos de investigación científica.
6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasasının Türkiye’nin kırsal yerleşim düzenine mevcut ve muhtemel etkileri: Konya örneği
Authors: TUNCER Bayram , BAKIRCI Muzaffer
Published: May 2020

6360 Sayılı Büyükşehir Yasası, Türkiye’nin mevcut yerel yönetim sisteminde köklü bir değişim yaratmanın yanında, kırsal yerleşim düzenini doğrudan etkileyen birçok değişime de neden olmuştur. Yasanın uygulanmaya başlanmasıyla birlikte Türkiye’de kırsal yerleşim birimleri ve kırsal nüfus ile ilgili kavramların içeriği değişmiş ve ikili bir yapı oluşmuştur. Yasanın çıkarıldığı 2012 yılında kırsal nüfusun Türkiye toplam nüfus içindeki oranı % 22,7 iken, 2014 yılında bu oran % 8,2’ye, 2019 yılında ise % 7,2’ye gerilemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin en geniş yüzölçümüne (40 838 km²) sahip ili olan Konya’da 6360 Sayılı Büyükşehir Yasası’nın kırsal yerleşim düzeni üzerindeki mevcut ve muhtemel etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. 6360 Sayılı Kanunla birlikte Konya İlinde 296’sı orman köyü olmak üzere toplamda 585 köy ve 175 belde belediyesinin tüzel kişiliği kaldırılarak mahalleye dönüştürülmüş, toplam mahalle sayısı 760’a çıkmıştır. Araştırmamızın dayandığı kavramsal temelleri ortaya koyabilmek adına öncelikle 6360 Sayılı Kanun ile ilgili konular için geniş bir literatür çalışması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Kanunun kırsal alandaki etkilerini somut olarak ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla farklı zaman dilimlerinde araştırma sahasında arazi çalışmaları yapılmış, Konya’nın uzak ilçeleri olan Yunak (156 km) ve Hüyük (95 km) ile yakın ilçelerinden Sarayönü (39 km) ve Altınekin (55 km) ilçelerinin kırsal mahallelerinde anket ve mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Kaynaklardan ve saha çalışmalarından elde edilen bilgiler amaç doğrultusunda yorumlanmış ve 6360 Sayılı Yasa’nın kırsal yerleşim düzeni üzerindeki olumlu-olumsuz etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan tespitler neticesinde adı geçen yasanın uygulanmasına yönelik olumlu görüşler olduğu gibi, olumsuz düşüncelerin de var olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Küreselleşme bağlamında mekansal kent kimliği ve markalaşmanın kent turizmine etkisi
Authors: OĞAN Okan , YASAK Üzeyir
Published: May 2020

Doğal ve beşerî turizm kaynaklarını bünyesinde barındıran kentler, geçmişten günümüze turistlerin yoğun ilgi ve talebiyle karşılaşmaktadır. Modern turizmin gelişmeye başladığı ilk dönemden bu yana kıyı turizminin egemenliği söz konusudur. Son yıllarda kıyı turizmi ekseninde gelişen kentler, yoğun turizm talebine paralel olarak taşıma seviyesinin üzerinde turist akışı sebebiyle doyum noktasına ulaşmış durumdadır. Kıyı yerleşmelerinde bulunan doğal mekânların hızla tüketimi, tarihi ve kültürel mekanları ön plana çıkaran alternatif turizm kaynaklarının turistik açıdan değer kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Kentler, turizm ekonomisinden daha fazla pay almak amacıyla, kendine özgü tarihi ve kültürel mekanları markalaştırma yoluna gitmektedir. Bu bağlamda kentler arasındaki markalaşma ve kentsel kimlik oluşturma olgularının küreselleşme süreciyle olan ilişkisi birçok bilim dalı için ilgi çekici durumdadır. Turistlerin, sözü edilen fiziki ve beşeri turizm kaynaklarını mekânsal kimlik haline getiren kentlere olan ilgisi ve talebi gün geçtikçe daha da artmaktadır. Bu talebin odak noktası, markalaşmış ve kentsel kimlik haline gelmiş turistik değerleri görmek ve kültürel deneyim kazanmak olarak açıklanabilir. Bu araştırma, turizm kentlerinin kent kimliklerini oluşturmak ve bu kimliklerin markalaşmasıyla küreselleşme süreci arasındaki ilişki ve etkileri incelemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, küreselleşme sürecinde kendine özgü fiziki ve beşeri turizm kaynaklarını kimlik haline getirip küresel turizm pazarına iyi bir şekilde tanıtan ‘Marka kentler’ ile sözü edilen kaynakları mekânsal kimlik haline getirme konusunda yetersiz kalmış, bu sebepten henüz “marka kent” olma yarışında geride kalmış turizm kentleri arasındaki farkları ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak mekânsal markalaşmanın küreselleşme süreci üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak adına sözü edilen kentlerin betimsel analiz yöntemiyle karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın hazırlık aşamasında marka kent kavramına uyan 16 Avrupa ülkesinden 28 şehir ziyaret edilmiştir. Bu kentler içinde Paris, Roma, Floransa ve Strazburg şehirleri örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu şehirlerin sahip olduğu doğal, tarihi ve kültürel birikimin markalaştırılması ve kimlik haline getirilmesi bağlamında küresel turizm pazarında daha çok öne çıktığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Teke Yarımadası’ndaki (Güneybatı Anadolu) glasiyal sirklerin morfometrik özellikleri
Authors: ÇILĞIN Zeynel , BAYRAKDAR Cihan
Published: May 2020

Teke Yarımadası’nda bulunan Sandıras, Karadağ, Akdağ ve Beydağları’nda (Batı Toroslar) bulunan 31 glasiyal sirkin boyutları, geliştikleri yükselti, bakı ve eğim özellikleri incelenmiş, sirklerin geliştiği lokasyonun buzul vadisine göre konumu belirlenmiş ve morfometrik parametreler çerçevesinde sirklerin gelişim aşamalarına göre sınıflandırılması yapılmıştır. Sirkler, her dağın buzullaşma dönemindeki kalıcı kar çizgisine bağlı olarak farklı yükseltilerde gelişmişlerdir. Buzullaşma öncesi topografya, yükselti ve gölge etkisine bağlı olarak gelişmiş ve farklı boyutlar kazanmışlardır. Sirklerin yaklaşık %80’ni güneş radyasyonuna daha az maruz kalan ve gölge etkisinin oluştuğu K, KD ve KB yönlerde gelişim göstermişlerdir. Ortalama taban yükseltisi ~ 2450 m olan sahadaki sirkler, kuzeye dönük yamaçlarda ~ 1950 m gibi daha düşük kotlarda gelişebilmişlerdir. Sirklerin morfometrik ölçümleri sonucunda, ortalama uzunluğun ~ 650 m, ortalama genişliğin ~ 500 m ve ortalama alanının ~ 0,30 km² olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sirk uzunluğu genişlikten biraz daha fazla olmakla birlikte yüksek dairesellik oranı sirklerin büyük oranda yuvarlak ve daireye yakın bir şekle sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Sirkler, buzul vadisi başlangıç noktasında, buzul vadisi yamaçlarında ve buzul vadisinden bağımsız noktalarda olmak üzere geliştikleri lokasyona göre sirk teknesi, basit, basamaklı ve birleşik sirk formunda olmak üzere farklı şekilsel özelliklerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Sirklerden 24 tanesi 2. ve 3. gelişim aşamasında olup, orta derecede gelişimi yansıtmaktadırlar. Her dağda sirklerin gelişim aşamaları farklı olup, Akdağ’da bulunan sirkler diğer dağlardaki sirklere göre daha gelişmiş ve daha fazla sirke sahip olmuştur. Sirklerin oluşumu üzerinde gölge etkisi ve yükselti büyük ölçüde belirleyici olmuş, bununla birlikte başta yağış tutarı olmak üzere iklimsel koşullar buzullaşma şiddeti üzerinde etkili olarak sirk gelişimini yönlendirmiştir.
The Myths and Moral Economies of Digital ID and Mobile Money in India and Myanmar
Authors: Srinivasan Janaki , Oreglia Elisa
Published: May 2020

The diffusion of major new technologies in society is often accompanied by a set of myths that tell us how these technologies will change, clearly for the better, the social and economic fabric of a community. Digital technologies are associated with myths such as the death of distance and of mediators, the end of history and of politics (Brown and Duguid 2000; Mosco 2004). We build on Mosco’s idea of myth as a force shaping discourses around the introduction of new technologies in the context of the deployment of digital artifacts such as digital ID systems and mobile money platforms in the Global South (Mosco 2004). Using the examples of the Unique Identification system (Aadhaar) in India and mobile money in Myanmar, we show how these myths persist long after technologies are in common use. We also examine how, in practice, the use of these technologies seldom aligns with the mythology surrounding them, and it is, instead the moral economy of the communities where they are deployed that mediates their use (Thompson 1971). We argue that local histories of state-making and the larger political economy of technology design can help explain the persistence of the mythology around digital technologies despite the disconnect between myths and reality.
Mutational Spectra of SARS-CoV-2 orf1ab polyprotein and Signature mutations in the United States of America v1
Authors: Banerjee Shuvam , Seal Sohan , Dey Riju , Kr. Mondal Kousik , Bhattacharjee Pritha
Published: May 2020

Pandemic COVID-19 outbreak has been caused due to SARS-COV2 pathogen, resulting millions of infection and death worldwide, USA being on top at the present moment. The long, complex orf1ab polyproteins of SARS-COV2 play an important role in viral RNA synthesis. To assess the impact of mutations in this important domain, we analyzed 1134 complete protein sequences of orf1ab polyprotein from NCBI Virus database from affected patients across various states of USA from December 2019 to 25thApril, 2020. Multiple sequence alignment using Clustal Omega followed by statistical significance was calculated. Four significant mutations T265I (nsp 2), P4715L (nsp 12) and P5828L and Y5865C (both at nsp 13) were identified in important non-structural proteins, which function either as replicase or helicase. A comparative analysis shows 265T>I, 5828P>L and 5865Y>C are unique to USA and not reported from Europe or Asia; while one, 4715P>L is predominant in both Europe and USA. Mutational changes in amino acids are predicted to alter structure and function of corresponding proteins, thereby it is imperative to consider the mutational spectra while designing new antiviral therapeutics targeting viral orf1ab.
Instructions of the Experiment -Contrasting effects of information sharing on common-pool resource extraction behavior: experimental findings v1
Authors: Dubois Dimitri , Juliette Rouchier , Phu Nguyen-Van , Stefano Farolfi
Published: May 2020

Instructions of the experiment of article "Contrasting effects of information sharing on common-pool resource extraction behavior: experimental findings".
PENERAPAN METODE EDUTAINMENT MELALUI PERMAINAN SIMAK-ULANG-UCAP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Karima Karimna Isya
Published: May 2020

This research based on the first grade of MTs Ar-Rohmah’s students’ Arabic speaking skills. It was caused by the lack of application of  in speaking Arabic. The students often feels bored and lack of confidence. So, the researcher was interested to find out differences in student’s speaking skill using Edutainment method. This study used  quantitative approach, and quasi-experimental methodology. The techniques of collecting data are observation, interviews, test learning instruments, and documentation. The results are: (1) The mean value of experimental class’ pre-test has 41,25. Meanwhile in the control class has 51,40. (2) The mean value of experimental class’ post test has  63,43, meanwhile the control class has 59,68. (3) N-Gain Score’s test shows there was an increase in experimental class amounts 43.94% or 0,43 which in the average category. Besed on the results, the application of Edutainment method with ‘Listen-Repeat-Speak’ games can improve Arabic speaking skills.
ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KALIMAT SYARAT BAHASA ARAB DAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Qistifani Vini Qonita
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the sentence structure of Arabic and Indonesian terms in Surah Al-Baqarah, their similarities and differences, and their implications for translation. The research method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used were documentation and triangulation studies. From the results of this study, researchers found 190 the number of shar'iyah in surah Al-Baqarah with various sentence structures. Then, some similarities and differences in the structure between the sentence terms in Arabic and Indonesian, as well as the implications of this study, the researcher found a tendency to translate adawat syarṭ on the translation of the Ministry of Religion and Al-Mishbah.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI MUBTADA KHABAR KELAS VII MTs AL-MUSYAWARAH LEMBANG
Authors: Khoirunnisa Fina
Published: May 2020

This research is motivated by the problems experienced by students in learning material mubtada khabar preachers who are difficult to understand in their implementation. The method used by the teacher is less effective. In this situation resulted in students tend to be more passive in teaching and learning activities. However, different conditions exist in Al-Musyawarah Lembang MTs, where students are very enthusiastic about the preaching material, because of the teacher's efforts to apply the discovery learning model. The purpose of this study was to describe the discovery learning model of the seventh-grade students of Al-Musyawarah Lembang preaching material mubtada khabar. Based on the results of the study: planning on the material of mubtada khabar in using the discovery learning model with the 2013 curriculum syllabus, the process on the material of Khubtada Khabar in using the discovery learning model students can focus on during the learning process, so students can apply the material quite well, evaluating the material mubtada khabar in using discovery learning models with assessment techniques namely oral and written tests.
PERUBAHAN FONOLOGIS DAN MORFOLOGIS KATA SERAPAN SUNDA DARI AL-QUR’AN DAN PEMANFAATANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Irawan Rudi
Published: May 2020

Islam came to brought a major contribution to develop society. Among them, enrichment of words absorption from the Al-Qur’an. This is provied by the strong relationship since Islam entered Sunda. This study aims to find out the phonological, and morphological changes of their, and also to determine the method of their use in teaching Arabic. Researcher used a descriptive analysis method. The way to compare the two languages, between Arabic and Sundanese, using two dictionaries. Then describe and analyze them, and try to apply them in teaching Arabic. The results showed changes in them in terms of phonological, which is divided into four: sound removal, sound impairment, addition of sounds and changes in sound, and morphological which can take the form of masdar changes into fa'il, mufrad-jama', jama'-mufrad, Masdar-another masdar, and the addition of morpheme. This research also shows that they can be utilized in teaching Arabic.
TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS AND DISASTER VULNERABILITY
Authors: Maha Putra I Nyoman Gede
Published: May 2020

As a setting of life and cultural products made by humans, settlements always undergo transformation along with the dynamics of their inhabitants’ lives. The dynamics of occupants, in addition to being impacted by the development of local knowledge, changes in the way humans respond to climate, and cultural transformation, are also influenced by external factors. External factors that influence settlement transformation can arise in the form of urbanisation, changes in social and political systems, economics, and technological development. In traditional societies, natural threats are predictable and conquerable. The transformation of settlements can take place in the same frame, promoting natural considerations, or in a different frame with the existence of new ideas and knowledge and technology coming from the outside. To be able to understand the transformation of traditional settlements and their transformations in relation to disaster vulnerability, this paper evaluated the causing factors, patterns, and consequences resulted from the transformation of settlements. For this reason, urban morphological studies are applied as an evaluation method. The results of the evaluation of settlement transformations reveal that traditional settlements are farther away leaving natural-harmony patterns at the root of their existence. Economic approach has replaced the cosmological-based settlement. It is recommended that natural site characteristic should be taken into consideration in order to avoid natural disaster in the future. This means that the traditional approach is still relevant in contemporary situation.Keywords: Traditional settlements; transformation; disaster vulnerablity
HOUSE LAYOUT TYPOLOGY STUDY IN SLUM AREA Case Study : Kampung Jawa, Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Prabawa Made Suryanatha
Published: May 2020

Kampung Jawa is a settlement located in the heart of Denpasar, the capital city of Denpasar. These Settlement actual name was Dusun Wanasari, but people of Denpasar usually call it “Kampung Jawa”. Kampung Jawa historical background can be traced back to year 1907, when many Javanese merchant came to bali to trade. These Javanese merchant later on given a land to buil their settlement by the Kingdom Badung. From 1907 until today (2020) Kampung Jawa have grown today 10.250 people live there. Slums area, is what the government of Denpasar terminology for Kampung Jawa because it is a highly dense populated area (10.250 people in 8.945 m2 settlement area). This research depart from the issue of Kampung Jawa as a slums area becoming a Government problems, but it must be having a unique characteristics, especially for their House Layout. This research conducted using exploratory and qualitatives methods. Exploratory for findings house typology and qualitative for digging reasons behind the typology and resident’s conditions in Kampung Jawa. Results dan findings shows that resident’s of Kampung Jawa lack of education, so they lack of “Labor” aspect that then affected their “Work” and “Action” aspects. Because of lack of “Labor” residents of Kampung Jawa didn’t get to know about better living, they just live with an efficient way as long as they can survive to live in Denpasar. These thought brought themn to create an efficient  land use and as a results a mixed function house layout typology. From the finding, this research can conclude that Kampung Jawa’s Residents way of living was unique and can be said that they adapt to their condition and creat a Compact House according to their own criteria-mostly their occupation.
THERMAL COMFORT INVESTIGATION ON HOLY MOSQUE IN BANDUNG Case Study : Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung
Authors: Prabowo Agung
Published: May 2020

Abstract -Thermal comfort is a state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. There are two main categories in the effort to obtain a comfort index; empirical and analytical. Empirical is based on social surveys, while analysis is based on the physics principle of heat flow.Bandung city is one of the historical cities in Indonesia which has many historical heritage buidings. One of them which is commonly known as colonial buildings in Bandung is Lautze 2 Mosque, located at Tamblong Street in the city center of Bandung. This research was conducted to analyze the thermal comfort in the Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung. The analytical method used in this study is a quantitative research method by measuring the main factors namely air temperature, air humidity and air velocity. The main factors become obstacles to get thermal comfort data at the Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung is the location of buildings located in areas with tropical climate conditions with high air temperatures, high air humidity, and low air velocitys.The research conclude that thermal comfort in the Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung building can be categorized as uncomfortable, it can be seen from the measurement results of related factors, namely the temperature and humidity that exceeds the comfort limit and the low air velocity in the building becomes an obstacle to obtain thermal comfort. Keywords: colonial buildings, mosque, thermal comfort, tropical climate.