bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navayana of Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar: buddhist modernism as an instrument of social transformation
Authors: Shcherbak M. B
Published: April 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of Navayana (Neo-Buddhism) created by Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956) as an instrument of changing the social identity of the untouchables from the Mahar community. The problem of untouchability and vestiges of the caste system in India became more acute during the struggle for independence. To build a new Indian nation, it was necessary to include in its ranks all strata of Indian society, including communities of the so-called untouchables. The most interesting in this regard is the social project of B.R. Ambedkar, who tried, drawing on the history of the Mahar community on the one hand and the religious conversion on the other, to create a new social identity for the untouchables. Ambedkar advocated the complete destruction of the caste system in India and considered a complete break with Hinduism as the only opportunity for low castes to gain equal rights. Ambedkar saw the religious conversion as the only way of getting rid of untouchability.
From the director of IEA RAS: the institute in recollections and plans
Authors: Funk D. A
Published: April 2024

The article introduces a special section of the issue dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Its current director discusses the institute’s past and present as well as the general prospects for the development of anthropology in Russia, focusing on the case of the organization that has been one of the leading academic institutions in the country. Recollections about the historical role of the institute are presented in the contributions featuring D.D. Beliaev’s article on Y.V. Knorozov, M.V. Kryukov’s autobiographical essay, and S.S. Alymov’s interviews with N.S. Polishchuk and M.A. Chlenov.
Objects on the memory borders: between Tilsit and Sovetsk
Authors: Radchenko D. A
Published: April 2024

Sovetsk, a city in the Kaliningrad region of Russia, is the typical case of a complex interaction of locals with a “foreign” past. The dwellers of the city are living within the environment of material heritage that remained after the total change of population in World War II (including everyday objects, architecture and landscape) and are building their identity through them. Drawing on the approaches of border studies and memory studies, we show how regions of memory of pre-war Tilsit and post-war Sovetsk interact and conflict in vernacular narratives of city dwellers, and how the latter move between those regions in the course of manipulating evocative objects in daily and business practices. The article is a part of the RANEPA state assignment research program.
Homes as memory boxes: a cognitive approach to understanding attachment to possessions
Authors: Güngör S. A
Published: April 2024

The article presents a review and analysis of collecting as collecting things of a certain type, discussed in a wide range of this practice, from compulsive accumulation to collecting works of art and museum collections. Furthermore, there are people who store and collect things related to their experiences and intentions. I designate this type of gathering as idiocentric gathering and explore the motives of their keepers. Claiming that collecting is one of the psychic manifestations, this study uses a theoretical approach that encompasses discussions (including in-depth interviews and focus groups) about the relationship of human being and thing, memory and self. A cognitive perspective and ethnosemantic analysis are used to evaluate the collected data. I argue that idiocentric collecting is a way of connecting the past and the future, providing the custodians with a sense of continuity and connectedness in time and space.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PLASMA FLOWS EFFECT ON THE 30HGSA STEEL SURFACE WHEN APPLYING ELECTRIC ARC VACUUM ION-PLASMA COATINGS
Authors: Petrov L. M , Grigorovich K. V , Betsofen S. Ya , Smirnova A. N , Sprygin G. S , Gordeeva M. I
Published: April 2024

The technological influence effectiveness of plasma flows on the treated surface of 30HGSA steel during electric arc vacuum ion-plasma (EVIP) treatment was evaluated by measuring the surface relief, volt-ampere characteristics, the values of the surface potential, as well as using short-term corrosion tests to experimentally determine the chemical activity of the surface. It is established that when treated with an independent gas discharge with an increase in the reference voltage, the surface cleaning efficiency increases, however, the distortion of the relief and the energy state heterogeneity of the surface increase. It is shown that when processing using the "Plugus" module, high cleaning efficiency and activation are achievedsurfaces with a moderate level of relief distortion and a more uniform energystate of the surface. As a result, a reproducibility higher level of the service properties of coatings is provided.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ALUMINUM OXIDE EXOGENOUS NANOPHASES INTERACTION WITH TIN AND ANTIMONY IN COBALT MELTS. II. SURFACE TENSION AND DENSITY
Authors: Anuchkin S. N , Burtsev V. T , Samokhin A. V
Published: April 2024

The surface tension and density of Co-Sn and Co-Sb melts with introduced Al2O3 nanoparticles (dmid = 41 nm) were studied by the large drop method. A related change in the structural properties of the metal, in particular the inversion of the surface tension temperature coefficient, has been revealed. The influence of Co+ (Al2O3-Sn/Sb) ensembles formed on the density of melts is considered in the framework of the metallic melts quasi-chemical theory. So, if for the Co-Sn-Al2O3 system, looseness, as a rule, decreases, then in the Co-Sb-Al2O3 system, on the contrary, it increases. This indicates a different influence of the ensembles Co+(Al2O3-Sn) and Co+ (Al2O3-Sb) on the change in the cluster structure of the melt and its surface properties.
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO ANALYZE THE LINER PRODUCTION PROCESS
Authors: Preobrazhenskiy Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Galkin V. I , Paltievich A. R , Galkin E. V
Published: April 2024

The paper demonstrates a technique that combines the use of artificial intelligence and the finite element method to analyze the production process of the liner – the seamless part of composite overwrapped pressure vessels obtained by tube forming. Instead of expensive physical experiments, computer simulation was used, which made it possible to quickly obtain "big data", including the main technological parameters of tube forming process, some metal flow features and the tendency for defects to appear. The processing of the data array was carried out in MATLAB using neural networks and a genetic algorithm for the multi-objective optimization problem. As a result, the influence of technological parameters on the formation of the liner geometry was determined, and the optimal variant of their manufacture was proposed, which is of practical interest to companies producing metal-composite cylinders.
THE FORMATION FEATURES OF PIPES STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS MADE OF MASS GRADES OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Authors: Pumpyanskiy D. A , Pyshmintsev I. Yu , Khatkevich V. M , Mal'tseva A. N , Zhuchkov Dmitriy Vadimovich
Published: April 2024

As part of the research on the development of a new standard for welded and seamless stainless steel pipes, the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties in the temperature range of 20-650 °C of pipe samples from austenitic chromium-nickel steels of the Fe-18Cr-10Ni family were evaluated. Significant spread of mechanical characteristics is shown, a quantitative assessment of the contribution of various hardening factors is carried out. It is noted that grain size and solid-solution hardening with carbon, nitrogen or titanium have the most significant effect on mechanical properties, providing up to 45% of the yield strength of steel. It is established that the temperature dependence of the tensile strength is determined by the resistance to the formation of deformation martensite and the intensity of the action of dynamic deformation aging.
INVESTIGATION OF EUDIALYTE CONCENTRATE DECOMPOSITION BY SORPTION CONVERSION IN NITRIC AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIA
Authors: Lokshin E. P , Tareeva O. A , Drogobuzhskaya S. V
Published: April 2024

The influence of the sorption conversion conditions for the eudialyte concentrate in low-concentration nitric and hydrochloric acid solutions (concentration and consumption of acid, temperature and duration of the process, sorbent consumption) on the valuable metals extraction efficiency (zirconium, hafnium, niobium, rare earth elements, titanium, manganese) into sulphocationite was studied. Optimal conditions for the process have been determined. It has been shown that sorption conversion in nitric acid solutions is more effective for separating valuable components from the silica component of eudialyte concentrate compared to both the traditional method decomposition by nitric acid and the method of sorption conversion in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid environments. The reasons for the loss of valuable metals and the behavior of natural radionuclides are discussed.
PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC MODIFICATION OF STEEL AND TITANIUM SURFACES BY COMBINING CATHODIC NI-TRIDING AND ANODIC POLISHING
Authors: Kusmanov S. A , Tambovskiy I. V , Mukhacheva T. L , Belov R. D , Gorokhov I. S , Nikiforov R. V , Korableva S. S , Kusmanova I. A
Published: April 2024

The possibility of increasing the wear resistance of steel 45 surfaces by 19.9 times and titanium alloy VT6 by 3.6 times after cathodic electrolytic plasma nitriding in a solution of ammonium chloride and ammonia and subsequent anodic electrolyte-plasma polishing in a solution of ammonium sulfate. A positive effect on wear resistance was revealed reducing surface roughness and removing the outer part of the oxide layer using anodic electrolytic plasma polishing and increasing the hardness of the surface layer as a result of cathodic nitriding. The wear mechanism is defined as fatigue upon plastic contact and boundary friction.
STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF PROCESSING FERROVANADIUM SCREENINGS IN COMBUSTION MODE
Authors: Manashev I. R
Published: April 2024

The possibility of recycling dispersed ferroalloys using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is demonstrated using the example of the synthesis of composite ferrovanadium nitride in the processing of ferrovanadium screenings grades FeV50 and FeV80. It has been established that in order to obtain the maximum nitrogen content in the synthesis products, it is necessary to use unshaped samples with a charge porosity of more than 50%, and the nitriding process should be carried out at a reacting gas pressure of 6-8 MPa.
TOTAL OXYGEN CONTENT IN LIQUID STEEL AS A CRITERION FOR EVALUATING NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS IN PIPE STEELS
Authors: Lukin A. S , Feoktistova A. S , Vorozheva E. L , Smetanin K. S , Shifrin I. N , Murysev V. A , Somov S. A
Published: April 2024

A statistical analysis of the total oxygen content in samples of pipe steels at the stage of continuous casting at the continuous-casting machines of the casting and rolling complex of JSC “Vyksa Metallurgical Plant” was carried out. The microstructures of rolled samples were studied, and the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions was determined by X-ray spectral microanalysis. A laboratory analysis of liquid steel samples and hot-rolled steel products of the casting and rolling complex was carried out using the method of reduction melting in an inert gas flow. Relationships have been constructed between the duration of metal presence in a steel-pouring ladle and the magnesium content in non-metallic inclusions, as well as between the average score of non-metallic inclusions in rolled metal and the total oxygen content in liquid steel at the stage of continuous steel casting.
METHOD OF LOCAL MARKING OF A METAL SURFACE USING ULTRAFINE MINERAL PARTICLES
Authors: Skazochkin A. V , Bondarenko G. G , Balash P. V
Published: April 2024

The method for local marking of a metal surface with ultrafine particles of minerals are offered. Photoluminescence and electronic acoustic resonance methods have been used to study local marks created by minerals and their mixtures using the technology of mineral coatings. It is shown that local areas of metal samples containing microparticles of minerals produce clear signals in the form of luminescence emission peaks and electronic acoustic resonance damping parameters. Having a set of combinations in the form of various luminescent minerals and their mixtures, technological methods for the introduction of minerals and two measuring systems, it is possible to build a local, fairly easily determined marking with a large set of options.
REDUCTION ROASTING OF ROUGH TITANIUM-MAGNETITE CONCENTRATE OF THE GREMYAKHA-VYRMES DEPOSIT WITH THE PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM-VANADIUM SLAG AND GRANULAR METAL
Authors: Goncharov K. V , Agamirova A. S , Sadykhov G. B , Olyunina T. V
Published: April 2024

The studies results on the reduction firing of rough titanium-magnetite concentrate of the Gremyakha-Vyrmes deposit are presented. The reduction firing of the briquetted charge was carried out on a coal substrate to obtain granular metal and titanium-vanadium slag suitable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing with the extraction of titanium and vanadium. Studies on reducing roasting were carried out in the temperature range of 1450-1500 °C at different costs of a solid reducing agent — coke. The coke content influence in the mixture and the reduction temperature on the composition of the resulting titanium-vanadium slag has been studied. As a result of solid-phase reduction of rough titanium-magnetite concentrate, optimal conditions for obtaining titanium-vanadium slag suitable for further processing have been established.
Biostratigraphy of the Devonian–Lower Carboniferous Deposits of the Bambui-Olingda Subzone (South Muya Ridge, Western Transbaikalia)
Authors: Minina O. R. , Doronina N. A. , Kurilenko A. V. , Neberikutina L. N. , Tashlykov V. S. , Ершова Е.Б.
Published: April 2024

The results of biostratigraphic studies of the Devonian–lower Carboniferous deposits of the Bambui-Olingda subzone of the Vitimkan-Tsipinsk zone of the Baikal-Vitim fold system are presented. These deposits are isolated from the composition of the Riphean and Vendian–Cambrian formations. Their age was revised on the basis of numerous findings of fauna and flora. The carbonate Bambui and terrigenous Chulegma formations and the terrigenous-carbonate Kadalin stratum are assigned to the Devonian. The volcanogenic-terrigenous Yendekt sequence is dated as late Devonian (Famennian)–early Carboniferous (Tournaisian), while the terrigenous Ognenskaya and Amatkanskaya formations are dated as early Carboniferous (Tournaisian and Visean). Significant changes have been made to the Paleozoic stratigraphy scheme of the subzone. Paleolandscape reconstructions for the Bambui-Olingda basin and coastal land areas in the Devonian–early Carboniferous are proposed. The Devonian carbonate complex was formed in calm conditions of a shallow warm shelf sea. A change in the paleolandscape situation occurred at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary. Sedimentation of significant thicknesses continued under the conditions of a deepening open shelf-slope paleobasin adjacent to the volcanic zone.
New data on the Structure of the Terminal Part of the Volgian Stage of the Upper Jurassic in the Reference Section Near the Vasilyevskoye Village, Yaroslavl Region
Authors: Kiselev D. N. , Rogov M. A. , Барабошкин Е.Ю.
Published: April 2024

The study of new sections of the upper part of the Upper Volgian substage near the Vasilyevskoye village (R-ybinsk district, Yaroslavl region) made it possible to clarify the position of the lower boundary and the infrazonal division of the Volgidiscus singularis Zone. Until recently, the lower part of the Singularis Zone was not characterized by ammonites, but thanks to the study of these sections, it was possible to establish the sequence of craspeditins ammonoids (Volgidiscus and Anivanovia) and to identify a new biohorizon Volgidiscus cf. lamplughi. The lower boundary of the Singularis Zone in the Chudinovskaya Formation sections is determined by the first appearance of Volgidiscus above the Craspedites milkovensis biohorizon. The infrazonal volume of the Singularis Zone is represented by three biohorizons: V. cf. lamplughi, V. pulcher and V. singularis. At present, the Singularis Zone is characterized by the most complete structure in the Panboreal Superrealm, which allows it to be considered as an infrazonal standard for the upper part of the Upper Volgian substage.
Composition and Age of the Ayanka Flora (Late Cretaceous, Santonian-Campanian) of the Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanogenic Belt: Response to the Criticism
Authors: Moiseeva M. G. , Herman A. B. , Sokolova A. B. , Барабошкин Е.Ю.
Published: April 2024

The main critical remarks to the paper by M.G. Moiseeva, A.B. Herman, A.B. Sokolova entitled “On the Stratigraphic Setting and Composition of the Ayanka Flora from the Upper Cretaceous of Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanogenic Belt, Northeastern Russia” (Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2022, vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 76–99), stated by S.V. Shczepetov in his article “On the Ayanka flora from the Upper Cretaceous of Northeastern Russia” (Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2022, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 113–120), are considered. Additional arguments are given to confirm the conclusions we’ve made earlier: (1) all three taphofloras from the Obryvistaya River basin came from a single straton; it however was named differently on two separate sheets of the 1:200000 State Geological Map: the Auney Member on the northern sheet and the Makkoveyem Formation on the southern one; (2) according to the composition of the plants of these taphofloras, all of them are about of the same age and can be considered as a single Ayanka Flora; (3) the most probable age of the Ayanka Flora is Santonian-Campanian, since it is undoubtedly the most similar to the Santonian-Campanian floras of Northeastern Russia and Northern Alaska.
On the Current Structure of the Quaternary Geological System
Authors: Gladenkov Yu. B. , Tesakov A. S. , Бордунов С.И.
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the issues of the use of the new structure of the Quaternary Geological System approved recently by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in the practice of geological work in Russia, and options for possible changes in hierarchy of Quaternary subdivisions in Stratigraphic Code of Russia.
U–Th–Pb Age of Detrital Zircon from the Riphean Sandstones of the Volyn-Orsha Paleotrough, Belarus
Authors: Zaitseva T. S. , Kuzmenkova O. F. , Kuznetsov A. B. , Kovach V. P. , Gorokhovsky B. M. , Plotkina Yu. V. , Adamskaya E. V. , Laptsevich A. G. , Кузнецов Н.Б.
Published: April 2024

Geochronological U–Th–Pb LA-ICP-MS study of detrital zircon grains from Riphean sandstones of the Sherovichi and Belarus series of the Orsha part of the Volyn-Orsha paleotrough (boreholes Korma and By-khov, Belarus) was carried out. The received U–Th–Pb geochronological data indicate that the primary provenance of zircon was crystalline rocks of predominantly Early and Middle Riphean, as well as Early Proterozoic and Archean age. The presence of detrital zircon grains with an age of 1 Ga in the sandstones of the Sherovichi and Belarus series, which were previously considered Middle Riphean, evidences that these sequences are of Late Riphean age. A representative population of grains with an age of about 1 Ga was detected only in the rocks of the Korma borehole, whereas in sandstones from other boreholes located within the Voly-n-Orsha trough (borehole 70, borehole Vilchitsy 1 and borehole Bykhovskaya), it is absent. This indicates that a possible primary provenance of zircon could be located both within the paleotrough and at a considerable distance, within the Grenville Sweconorwegian orogen.
The First Detrital Zircon Data on the Northwestern Precambrian Yenisei Ridge: Identification of the Continental–Arc Kiselikha Terrane
Authors: Kuzmichev A. B. , Storozhenko A. A. , Danukalova M. K. , Khubanov V. B. , Dubensky A. S. , Кочнев Б.Б.
Published: April 2024

Northwestern segment of the Precambrian Yenisei Ridge contains ophiolite and is known in the literature as the Isakovka terrane or Isakovka domain. We suggest dividing it into two belts: the Kiselikha one (western) and Torzhikha (eastern), which differed in geodynamic regime during the late Neoproterozoic (~750–600 Ma). It is believed that the Kiselikha belt is composed mostly of volcanic rocks erupted at island arc setting in the second half of the Neoproterozoic, and that collision of this arc with Siberian continent formed the Yenisei Ridge orogen. This idea has not been sufficiently confirmed by geological and geochronological data. Dating of four detrital zircon samples extracted from sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary rocks in the southern part of the belt revealed that the sampled strata belong to three different Precambrian levels: the Mesoproterozoic, the mid Neoproterozoic (800–750 Ma), and the end of the Neoproterozoic (620–600 Ma). Thus the authorized stratigraphic layout of the belt as well as its proposed island-arc origin require revision. By this paper we announce the identification of the Kiselikha terrane, which was a part of active margin of the Siberia paleocontinent at the beginning of the Neoproterozoic. Approximately in the middle of the Neoproterozoic, this block was rifted off Siberia and further evolved as a microcontinent bounded by an active margin from the outer side.
A HOARD OF ΤΗΕ EARLY THIRD-CENTURY BC BOSPORAN COINS FROM THE EASTERN AZOV REGION (the settlement of Tikhovsky 1)
Authors: Abramzon Mikhail G. , Ostapenko Sergey N. , Surkov Alexey V.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a hoard of the early third-century BC Panticapaeum bronze coins, found during excavations at the Maeotian settlement of Tikhovsky 1, Krasnoarmeisky district of Krasnodar Territory, in 2021. The hoard contains 152 coins with “Pan / lion head, below sturgeon” bearing countermarks of a star and a bowcase. In the interfluve of the Kuban, Protoka and Angelinsky Erik, a group of Maeotian settlements is located, which is associated with a pattern of similar coin hoards concealed at the turn of the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. These hoards indicate the easternmost border of the Bosporan kingdom and localize the Maeotian territories annexed during the Bosporan expansion to the east.
GARDEN TERRACES FROM THE TURN OF THE 15th–16th CENTURIES IN DARWAZ, TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Smirnova Larisa O.
Published: April 2024

The site of Kala-i Kukhna (Karron) in South Tajikistan was investigated by the Darwaz archaeological team under Yu.Ya. Yakubov in 2012–2014. A significant part of the location flanked by hills with terraces in the north and south presents the remains of a medieval terrace park surrounding the following structures: the central mausoleum (Panjmanor), one more mausoleum (the aiwan building) by the western border, a palace at the top of the southern hill, the lower garden surrounded by stone walls with a staircase down to it, and a winery with stone wine-press near the garden. Individual finds, including coins, allow suggesting that the area was inhabited from the first centuries AD. In general, the park terraces were dated to the upper period of the site functioning; judging by the architectural features of the surviving structures the earliest date of their creation can be the turn of the 15th–16th centuries or the early 16th century AD. The Darwaz terrace park has much in common with contemporary Timurid and Great Mughal gardens.
THE PERSPECTIVES OF NESSANA: NEW STUDIES OF THE “CARAVAN CITY” IN SOUTHERN ISRAEL
Authors: Tchekhanovets Yana
Published: April 2024

The article discusses a new project for the archaeological study of ancient Nessana, a small settlement of the Byzantine and early Islamic period (5th–7th centuries AD), located in Southern Israel, in the southwestern part of the Negev desert. The heyday of the settlement is connected with its location: in the Byzantine period, Nessana became an important caravan junction on the way of the Christian pilgrimage from the Holy Land to Sinai, to the monastery of St. Catherine. Using all the economic benefits of pilgrimage, Nessana was turning into a large urbanized settlement with a population of about five thousand people, with numerous churches and caravanserais. Pilgrimage undoubtedly played an important role in the life of the settlement, which is clearly reflected in the evidence of papyri of the 5th–7th centuries AD found there in the 1930s. The favorable location of the site on the very edge of the desert, many churches, papyri, building inscriptions and pilgrimage graffiti in several languages, as well as an arid climate conducive to the preservation of organic materials, make Nessana a unique object for studying the archaeological problems of the early Christian pilgrimage. Despite intensive work carried out in Nessana by two archaeological expeditions, the stratigraphy of the site and its layout are still unclear. The article presents the preliminary results of the first season of fieldwork of the new Nessana expedition and considers a number of issues related to the further study of the site.
BIRCHBARK LETTER FROM PEREYASLAVL RYAZANSKY
Authors: Gippius Alexey A. , Zavyalov Vladimir I.
Published: April 2024

The corpus of texts on birch bark was replenished with another document found during excavations in the Kremlin of Pereyaslavl Ryazansky (modern Ryazan). The letter comes from the Vvedensky excavation site located in the southeastern part of the Kremlin. The stratigraphic dating of the find is the second half of the 15th century AD. Styluses and fragments of birchbark with drawings have already been found on the site. The letter was a piece of rolled birchbark with the upper and lower edges torn off centuries ago. The three surviving lines of the document produce a legible fragment of a literary text – a record of predictive meaning read under the year 6967 (1459) in ordinary paschal tables of the 15th century AD. The Ryazan birchbark letter is the clearest material evidence of the eschatological expectations that became widespread in Russian society in that period.
HORN SPOONS OF THE 10th–11th CENTURIES WITH GEOMETRIC INTERLACED ORNAMENT FROM EXCAVATIONS IN NOVGOROD (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NEREVSKY AND TROITSKY EXCAVATIONS)
Authors: Grinev Andrey M. , Tochilova Nadezhda N.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with comprehensive study of four horn spoons from the early strata of Troitsky and Nerevsky excavation sites from Veliky Novgorod. The main hallmark distinguishing these artefacts among analogies is highly artistic geometric interlaced ornament, which has not been studied fully and is not discussed in Russian historiography. The complex use of archaeological and artistic analysis made it possible to interpret the origins of interlaced ornament in archaeological contexts. The closest typological and stylistic analogies were found in the medieval urban centres of Middle Sweden, on the boundaries of the Scandinavian and Sami cultures. The research prompted an assumption about the North European origin of these spoons from the Novgorod cultural deposit. The ornaments of these artefacts can be regarded as one of the areas of Scandinavian art influenced by Sami tradition.
THREE TYPES OF INDUSTRY IN THE STONE AGE OF GOBUSTAN
Authors: Amirkhanov Hizri A.
Published: April 2024

In the east of the Republic of Azerbaijan, in Gobustan district, there are numerous Stone Age sites with preserved culture-bearing deposits. Interest in the richest rock art sites concentrated there overshadowed studying the stone inventory of the region’s earliest sites relegating them to the background. In this work, the author proposes a general systematization of the materials of the Gobustan Stone Age. The paper contains detailed typological lists of key sites; suggests the criteria for dividing the material into three cultural and chronological groups; and substantiates a new view on the chronology and local peculiarities of these groups that is different from previously held ones in many respects. For the sites of the Upper Palaeolithic of Gobustan, an estimated age is proposed corresponding to the period prior to maximum of the Würm glaciation (i.e., no later than approximately 25–20 thousand years ago). The lower date of the Mesolithic layers correlates roughly with the end of the Allerød and the Younger Dryas (approximately 14–12 thousand years ago). The emergence of the local Neolithic is attributed approximately to the early 6th millennium BC.
TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SMITHERY PRODUCTS FROM MOSCOW SETTLEMENTS OF THE 14th–15th CENTURIES
Authors: Zavyalov V. I. , Terekhova Natalia N.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the results of archaeometallographic studies of iron products from the settlements Myakinino 1, Myakinino 2 and Nastasino 2 – the largest archaeological sites in Moscow region. The authors identify technological patterns for manufacturing smithery products from these sites. It was established that these patterns differed significantly: for Myakinino 1 and Myakinino 2, technological groups I and III p-redominate, while in Nastasino all three groups are represented in equal proportions. The technological model typical for Myakinino 1 and Myakinino 2 was formed on the basis of supplies from two manufacturing centres – the urban and the rural one. The model identified by studying the Nastasino materials has much in common with the pattern characterizing the iron objects from the Istye 2 production complex. The authors use a specific example to demonstrate that rural settlements were included in the complex commodity exchange with urban and rural manufacturing centres.
RESIDENTIAL HOUSES OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CRIMEA IN THE LATE SCYTHIAN PERIOD: BASIC LAYOUT PATTERNS AND ANALOGIES
Authors: Antonov Egor E.
Published: April 2024

The article summarizes the study of the layouts of houses built on the northwestern coast of the Crimea in the last quarter of the 2nd century BC – early 2nd century AD. Particular attention is paid to changes in the main layout patterns, as well as the search for their analogies. The author analyzes 28 layouts of the best preserved Late Scythian houses. All of them are multi-chamber structures, most of them have courtyards. The main layout patterns differ in the location of the premises with respect to the courtyard. It was possible to determine periods of dominance of certain patterns. The layouts of Late Scythian houses in the North-Western Crimea become more complicated with time. However, in addition to the “internal evolution”, residential construction also experiences a strong influence of classical architecture, which manifests itself at different stages. There is also a connection with other regions of the Crimean Scythia.
P.D. BARANOVSKY AS AN ARCHAEOLOGIST: KOLOMENSKOYE IN THE 1920s–1940s
Authors: Baranova Svetlana I. , Belyaev Leonid A.
Published: April 2024

The article addresses the question of the need to publish a part of the archive of the renowned 20th century architect-conservator Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky. It is associated with his studying of the regal residence of the 16th–19th centuries in the settlement of Kolomenskoye (now the territory of Moscow). This paper publishes part of the review of archaeological works in Kolomenskoye compiled by the researcher in the 1940s and newly found in his archive. The document contains a brief account of the 1930 excavations at the site of the “Wooden Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich”, a Moscow’s masterpiece of architecture. So far, no materials recording these works have been known. The found document also includes a description of the restoration of the palace’s stone structures conducted by P.D. Baranovsky in 1923–1928 and presents the context of the archaeological work of 1933 and 1935. Particular attention is paid to the reconstruction of the layout of the palace on the ground and the localization of its stoves, as well as the characteristics of their tiled decor. The article also publishes the analytical graphics by the architect of the 1940s associated with the reconstruction of the remains of the palace and the development of its new model.
DYNAMICS OF THE BRONZE FOUNDRY PRODUCTION IN THE OB-IRTYSH FOREST-STEPPE IN THE BRONZE AGE
Authors: Molodin Vyacheslav I. , Durakov Igor A. , Kobeleva Lilia S.
Published: April 2024

The paper traces through several consecutive periods of the development of bronze foundry production in the Ob-Irtysh interfluve during the Bronze Age. At the first stage, copper-bronze products appeared in the area as imports. The local foundry emerged no earlier than the beginning of the III millennium BC on the sites of the Odino and Krotovo cultures. At that time, the technological base was being formed, including thermal facilities and developed foundry equipment (crucibles, ladles, molds, and nozzles). This process is largely synchronized with the emergence and development of Seima-Turbino technologies in the Ob-Irtysh forest-steppe. A sharp change in this line of development was taking place since the beginning of the II millennium BC as a result of increasing expansion of the Andronovo (Fyodorovo) population. Their arrival led to the modification of part of the production process associated with the metal melting (hearths and crucibles). At the same time, it should be noted that all molding processes have retained the features of local foundry production developed by the Krotovo people. The production technology developed as a result of this synthesis formed the basis for the foundry of the Irmen culture in the Late Bronze Age. A sharp change in a number of production techniques occurred only at the end of that period and is associated with the penetration of the Ural-Kazakhstan production traditions into western regions of the Baraba forest-steppe.
INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CRIMEA OVER 75 YEARS: CHRONICLE OF ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Yurochkin Vladislav Yu. , Maiko Vadim V.
Published: April 2024

Based on documentary materials kept in the scientific archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea at the Russian Academy of Sciences (Simferopol), the article presents a chronicle of the organizational development of the team that has been working in the framework of the Academy of Sciences since 1948 and its contribution to the development of Crimean archaeology. The authors show that for 75 years of its activity the Institute has maintained the key directions of research work and preserved the continuity of its researchers’ scientific interests.
14-3-3η Cytokine as a New Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity Assessing Biomarker
Authors: Korolkova A. A. , Shevaldina M. E. , Rybakov A. V. , Ballyzek M. F. , Vavilova T. V. , Maslyansky A. L. , Vasiliev D. S. , Kozlova D. I. , Khizha V. V. , Yurieva K. A.
Published: April 2024

Currently, rheumatoid arthritis routine diagnosis includes joint syndrome indicator determination such as tender and swollen joints count, as well as a number of laboratory indicators. The most interesting are the second ones, which include rheumatoid factor, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide and a some acute-phase indicators, but they have low sensitivity and specificity, especially in the disease early stages, when it is still possible to normalize bring the age-norm indicators and get stable disease remission. Additionally, some of these medical tests are expensive enough and compulsory health insurance not-included. But, most importantly, there are no reliable rheumatologist modern practice disease activity assessing tools depending on the current-used treatment strategy. The article evaluates 14-3-3η protein usage possibility as a promising biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis immuno-inflammatory process activity in joints assessment. It was shown a higher studied indicator informative value (in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity) in comparison with traditional acute-phase indicators, such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein.
Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies of the Effect of Melatonin Monotherapy on the Level of Circulation Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Glucose and Insulin Depending on the Diet of Rats
Authors: Kuzmenko N. V. , Tsyrlin V. A. , Pliss M. G.
Published: April 2024

It is known that melatonin modulates the daily and seasonal rhythms of metabolism. However, the effect of long-term intake of exogenous melatonin on the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in various diets is still unclear. In our work, we conducted the meta-analysis of 53 publications investigating the effect of melatonin monotherapy on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in rats kept on a standard diet (44 publications), as well as diets with a high content of fructose (7 publications), fats (11 publications) and cholesterol (5 publications). According to the literature, high fructose diet caused a significant increase in the levels of triglycerides, glucose and insulin in rats. In rats fed high fat diet, an increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), insulin, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was observed. In rats kept on high cholesterol diet an increase in the level of TC and a decrease in the concentration of HDL was observed. Melatonin therapy reduced triglyceride, TC, and insulin levels but did not alter glucose levels in rats fed diets rich in fructose and fats. On a cholesterol-rich diet, melatonin decreased TC levels and increased HDL and glucose levels, but did not change triglyceride concentrations. Our meta-analysis found no beneficial effect of increasing the dose of melatonin with fortified diets. With a standard diet, long-term melatonin therapy also reduced insulin levels, but had no effect on TC and increased glucose levels. The deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism was associated with higher doses of melatonin at the beginning of therapy, with intraperitoneal administration or with administration through a gastric tube, with administration in the light phase. In addition, high doses of melatonin have been associated with poor lipid metabolism in the standard diet. The effect of melatonin was directed towards minimizing changes in the lipid profile caused by diet, which confirms the homeostatic role of melatonin in lipid metabolism.
YB-1 Protein Prevents Age Decline in Plasma Estradiol in 5xFAD Transgenic Aging Female Mice
Authors: Zhdanova D. Yu. , Kovalev V. I. , Chaplygina A. V. , Bobkova N. V. , Poltavtseva R. A. , Sukhikh G. T.
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is the main cause of dementia in the elderly. When looking for new treatments for AD, attention was drawn to the multifunctional Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1). Previously, we revealed a positive effect of intranasal administration of YB-1 on learning and spatial memory, along with a decrease in the content of cerebral β-amyloid and the intensity of plaque initiation, with an improvement in the survival of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of male AD mice. However, AD affects women twice as often as men, so it is of great interest to study the effects of YB-1 on aging females. Estrogens and androgens are necessary for the maintenance of cognitive function during aging and, apparently, may prevent the development of AD. In this work, peripheral levels of estradiol (E2) and cytokines were studied after intranasal administration of YB-1 to aging female 5xFAD transgenic mice and control non-transgenic animals. In intact aging animals of both groups, a violation of the estrous cycle and a decrease in the level of E2 in blood plasma were revealed. Mice treated with YB-1 did not show a characteristic age-related decrease in plasma E2 levels. The introduction of YB-1 did not affect the peripheral level of cytokines. Thus, a novel, previously undescribed effect of YB-1 on plasma E2 levels in aging female mice is shown. These data indicate that YB-1 may be a promising compound in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, further experiments are needed to gain insight into the detailed mechanisms of YB-1 action.
Effects of Assisted Reproductive Technologies on Social Behavior of BTBR Mice – A Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Rozhkova I. N. , Okotrub S. V. , Brusentsev E. Yu. , Igonina T. N. , Rakhmanova T. A. , Lebedeva D. A. , Yatsuk T. A. , Kozeneva V. S. , Naprimerov V. A. , Amstislavsky S. Ya.
Published: April 2024

The present work is the first attempt to study the effect of such assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), as in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos on the social behavior of offspring, using BTBR mice (BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J) as an idiopathic model of a-utism. The C57BL/6J mice were used as controls. Social behavior was studied in adult offspring mice obtained after in vitro culture and embryo transfer (ET) (groups ET-C57BL/6J and ET-BTBR). The BTBR mice demonstrated the reduced levels of social recognition and affiliation compared to C57BL/6J mice. The social affiliation and recognition test revealed that ET-C57BL/6J males had a high level of social interaction, which was of similar magnitude as in naturally conceived C57BL/6J males. However, ET-C57BL/6J and ET-BTBR females demonstrated a decrease in interest to a new stranger compared to naturally conceived controls of the same sex, which was revealed in a social recognition session of this test. Thus, the in vitro culture affected the social recognition in the offspring of C57BL/6J and BTBR mice, but only in females.
Changes in Behavioral Characteristics and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens of the Brain of DAT-HET Rats during Free Alcoholization
Authors: Antonova I. V. , Kucher E. O. , Filatova E. V. , Veraksa A. E. , Morina I. Yu. , Zavyalov V. A. , Egorov A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

DAT-HET rats with their underlying hyperdopaminergia are a promising model for the investigation of neuropsychiatric diseases, which are based on impaired dopamine neurotransmission, including alcoholism. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of free alcoholization on drinking, locomotor, exploratory behavior, anxiety, and Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in rats with impaired functioning of the DA system (DAT-HET). The study was carried out on adult male rats of the DAT-HET (n = 15) and Wistar (n = 13), which were divided into 4 groups: “DAT-HET ethanol” (n = 10) and “Wistar ethanol” (n = 9), who were in the mode of free alcoholization for 112 days of the experiment. The DAT-HET water (n = 5) and Wistar water (n = 4) groups did not have access to an ethanol solution and did not participate in behavioral tests. Ethanol preference and consumption was assessed in the “Two-bottle test”. The amount of ethanol consumed in the cells was recorded weekly. Behavior was assessed using the Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze tests. After alcoholization, to assess the level of TH, an immunohistochemical (IHC). It was found that during free alcoholization, DAT-HET rats do not form preferences for ethanol. Under the low ethanol consumption, the initial hyperactivity in DAT-HET rats is leveled. The DAT-HET model leads to an increase in TH levels in NAcc. In addition, the free alcoholization reduces the level of TG in NAcc with the development of a pathological increase in TH, observed in the DAT-HET model, but has no effect on healthy animals.
Spectral Characteristics of Cardinal Vowels as Indicators of the Auditory Speech Feedback Control in Patients with Moderate and Moderately Severe Chronic Postlingual Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Shtin K. S. , Lunichkin A. M. , Gvozdeva A. P. , Golovanova L. E. , Andreeva I. G.
Published: April 2024

Chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is characterized by an increase in hearing thresholds at basic speech frequencies, which implies the auditory speech feedback control worsening and, as a result, changes of speech characteristics. A hypothesis was tested that such worsening can manifest itself in an increase of F0, F1, F2 formants of speech vowel sounds in patients with moderate and moderately severe postlingual SNHL. Recordings of elicited speech were performed for young and middle age women (36–59 years): 7 women speakers with moderate SNHL who did not use hearing aids; 5 women speakers with moderately severe SNHL who were hearing aid users but were not using them during the recordings; a control group of 12 normally hearing women speakers. An assessment of F0, F1 and F2 of stressed vowels [a], [i], [u] and calculations of vowels’ centralization indices – vowel space area, vowel formant centralization ratio and the second formant ratio (F2i/F2u), were performed. All the studied spectral indices in groups of patients with postlingual SNHL were similar to those in the control group, no statistically reliable differences were revealed.
The Effect of the Microbiota Metabolite – Butyric Acid on Motor Coordination, Muscle Strength and the Level of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscles in Mice with Dysbiosis
Authors: Yakovleva O. V. , Mullakaeva A. I. , Salikhzyanova A. F. , Sorokina D. M. , Sitdikova G. F.
Published: April 2024

According to modern concepts, the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota play an essential role in maintaining immunity, homeostasis, and, in general, the physiological functions of the host organism. Recently the positive role of the microbiota and its metabolites especially short-chain fatty acids, in the metabolism and functional activity of skeletal muscles was reported. The aim of our work was to analyze muscle strength and motor coordination in mice after injection of broad–spectrum antibiotics with simultaneous administration of a microbiota metabolite – one of the representatives of short-chain fatty acids – butyric acid. In addition, we determined the level of malondialdehyde, the concentration of total glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidases in the muscles of the hind limbs in mice with administration of antibiotics and butyric acid. The administration of antibiotics to adolescent mice for two weeks induced higher mortality and decrease of weight, and also caused significant changes in motor behavior, including an increase in horizontal motor activity, decrease in vertical motor activity, muscle strength, and motor coordination. A higher level of oxidative stress was found in the muscle tissues of the hind limbs of mice treated with antibiotics. At the same time, oral administration of butyric acid prevented the observed changes and improved not only behavioral disorders, but also partially reduced the level of oxidative stress. In conclusion, metabolite of normal microbiota has a positive effect on the functional and biochemical parameters of skeletal muscles in dysbiosis, which can be used to prevent loss of muscle function in various pathological conditions.