bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli Alpha-Hemolysin HlyA Induces Host Cell Polarity Changes, Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Cell Detachment in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cell Model via PTEN-Dependent Dysregulation of Cell Junctions
Authors: Schulz Emanuel , Schumann Michael , Schneemann Martina , Dony Violaine , Fromm Anja , Nagel Oliver , Schulzke Jörg-Dieter , Bücker Roland
Published: July 2021

Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the B2 phylotype reside in human and animal intestines. The bacteria possess pathogenicity factors such as α-hemolysin (HlyA) that can induce intestinal epithelial leaks. We addressed the questions which host cell processes were dysregulated by E. coli HlyA that can potentiate intestinal diseases. The colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 was infected by HlyA+ E. coli. Cell polarity regulation was analyzed by live cell imaging for the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) abundance. In Caco-2 monolayers, transepithelial electrical resistance was measured for characterization of barrier function. Cell proliferation and separation were assessed microscopically. Epithelial regulation and cell signaling were analyzed by RNA-Seq and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Our main findings from E. coli HlyA toxinogenicity in the colon carcinoma cell line are that (i) PIP2 at the membrane decrease, (ii) PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) inhibition leads to cell polarity changes, (iii) epithelial leakiness follows these polarity changes by disruption of cell junctions and (iv) epithelial cell detachment increases. HlyA affected pathways, e.g., the PTEN and metastasis signaling, were identified by RNA-Seq bioinformatics calculations in IPA. In conclusion, HlyA affects cell polarity, thereby inducing epithelial barrier dysfunction due to defective tight junctions and focal leak induction as an exemplary mechanism for leaky gut.
Metric-Affine Version of Myrzakulov F(R,T,Q,T) Gravity and Cosmological Applications
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos , Myrzakulov Nurgissa , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: July 2021

We derive the full set of field equations for the metric-affine version of the Myrzakulov gravity model and also extend this family of theories to a broader one. More specifically, we consider theories whose gravitational Lagrangian is given by F(R,T,Q,T,D) where T, Q are the torsion and non-metricity scalars, T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor and D the divergence of the dilation current. We then consider the linear case of the aforementioned theory and, assuming a cosmological setup, we obtain the modified Friedmann equations. In addition, focusing on the vanishing non-metricity sector and considering matter coupled to torsion, we obtain the complete set of equations describing the cosmological behavior of this model along with solutions.
Effects of Pegylated Interferon Alpha and Ribavirin (pegIFN-α/RBV) Therapeutic Approach on Regulatory T Cells in HCV-Monoinfected and HCV/HIV-Coinfected Patients
Authors: Grubczak Kamil , Grzeszczuk Anna , Groth Monika , Hryniewicz Anna , Kretowska-Grunwald Anna , Flisiak Robert , Moniuszko Marcin
Published: July 2021

Approximately 25% of HIV-infected patients are co-infected with HCV. Notably, the burden of HCV infection (e.g., viral persistence, viral load, or HCV-related liver symptoms) is more pronounced in the presence of HIV co-infection. However, to date, the underlying immune mechanisms accounting for accelerated disease progression in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals have not been described in sufficient detail. We hypothesized that regulatory T cells (Treg) bearing potent immunosuppressive capacities could not only play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of HCV/HIV coinfection but also modulate the response to the standard anti-viral therapy. Materials and Methods: To this end, we studied alterations in frequencies of Treg cells in correlation with other Treg-related and virus-related parameters in both HCV and HCV/HIV-infected patients subjected to standard pegIFN-α/RBV therapy. Results: Notably, we found that pegIFN-α/RBV therapy significantly increased levels of Treg cells in HCV-infected but not in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. Furthermore, HIV/HCV-coinfection was demonstrated to inhibit expansion of regulatory T cells during anti-viral treatment; thus, it might probably be responsible for viral persistence and HCV-related liver damage. Conclusions: Therapy with pegIFN-α/RBV demonstrated a significant effect on regulatory T cells in the course of HIV and/or HCV infection indicating a crucial role in the anti-viral immune response.
Feline Morbillivirus in Southern Italy: Epidemiology, Clinico-Pathological Features and Phylogenetic Analysis in Cats
Authors: Donato Giulia , Masucci Marisa , De Luca Eliana , Alibrandi Angela , De Majo Massimo , Berjaoui Shadia , Martino Camillo , Mangano Cyndi , Lorusso Alessio , Pennisi Maria Grazia
Published: July 2021

Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was isolated for the first time in 2012 with an association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suggested. This study aimed at investigating in cats from southern Italy FeMV prevalence and risk factors for exposure to FeMV, including the relationship with CKD; sequencing amplicons and analyzing phylogeny of PCR positive samples. Blood serum, K3EDTA blood and urine samples from 223 cats were investigated. Ten carcasses were also evaluated. FeMV RNA was detected in 2.4% (5/211) blood and 16.1% (36/223) urine samples. One carcass tested positive by qPCRFeMV from kidney, urinary bladder, and submandibular lymph nodes. Antibodies against FeMV were detected in 14.5% (28/193) cats. We followed up 27 cats (13 FeMV positive cats) and documented in some cases urine shedding after up to 360 days. Older and foundling cats and cats living in rescue catteries, were more frequently infected with FeMV. A significant correlation between FeMV and higher serum creatinine values or low urine specific gravity was found. FeMV positivity was significantly associated with retroviral infection, and the presence of some clinical signs apart from CKD clinicopathological markers. Our study highlights the possibility of a link between FeMV exposure and CKD and a general impairment of feline health.
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Ketamine, Medetomidine and Midazolam as Part of a Balanced Anaesthesia Technique in Horses Undergoing Castration
Authors: Cunneen Alexandra , Pratt Shaun , Perkins Nigel , McEwen Margaret , Truchetti Geoffrey , Rainger Joanne , Farry Trish , Kidd Lisa , Goodwin Wendy
Published: July 2021

To evaluate the use of ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam total intravenous infusion as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique for surgical castration in horses. Five healthy Standardbred cross colts were premedicated with IV acepromazine (0.01–0.02 mg/kg), medetomidine (7 µg/kg) and methadone (0.1 mg/kg) and anaesthesia induced with IV ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.06 mg/kg). Horses were anaesthetised for 40 min with an IV infusion of ketamine (3 mg/kg/h), medetomidine (5 µg/kg/h) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/h) while routine surgical castration was performed. Cardiorespiratory variables, arterial blood gases, and anaesthetic depth were assessed at 5 to 10 min intervals. Post-anaesthesia recovery times were recorded, and the quality of the recovery period was assessed. The anaesthetic period and surgical conditions were acceptable with good muscle relaxation and no additional anaesthetic required. The median (range) time from cessation of the infusion to endotracheal tube extubation, head lift and sternal recumbency were 17.2 (7–35) min, 25 (18.9–53) min and 28.1 (23–54) min, respectively. The quality of anaesthetic recovery was good, with horses standing 31.9 (28–61) min after the infusion was ceased. During anaesthesia, physiological variables, presented as a range of median values for each time point were: heart rate 37–44 beats/min, mean arterial pressure 107–119 mmHg, respiratory rate 6–13 breaths/min, arterial partial pressure of oxygen 88–126 mmHg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide 52–57 mmHg and pH 7.36–7.39. In conclusion, the co-administration of midazolam, ketamine and medetomidine as in IV infusion, when used as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique, was suitable for short term anaesthesia in horses undergoing castration.
Climate Justice Planning in Global South: Applying a Coupled Nature–Human Flood Risk Assessment Framework in a Case for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Wu Chen-Fa , Chen Szu-Hung , Cheng Ching-Wen , Trac Luu Van Thong
Published: July 2021

Developing countries in the global south that contribute less to climate change have suffered greater from its impacts, such as extreme climatic events and disasters compared to developed countries, causing climate justice concerns globally. Ho Chi Minh City has experienced increased intensity and frequency of climate change-induced urban floods, causing socio-economic damage that disturbs their livelihoods while urban populations continue to grow. This study aims to establish a citywide flood risk map to inform risk management in the city and address climate justice locally. This study applied a flood risk assessment framework integrating a coupled nature–human approach and examined the spatial distribution of urban flood hazard and urban flood vulnerability. A flood hazard map was generated using selected morphological and hydro-meteorological indicators. A flood vulnerability map was generated based on a literature review and a social survey weighed by experts’ priorities using the Fuzzy Delphi Method and Analytic Network Process. Vulnerability indicators including demographic characteristics, infrastructure, and land use patterns were used to generate a flood vulnerability map. The results illustrate that almost the entire central and northeastern parts of the city are at high flood risk, whereas the western part is at low flood risk. The findings have implications in urban planning via identifying risk hot spots in order to prioritize resources for mitigating hazards and enhancing community resilience to urban floods.
Causal Relations of Upscaled Urban Aquaponics and the Food-Water-Energy Nexus—A Berlin Case Study
Authors: Baganz Gösta F. M. , Schrenk Manfred , Körner Oliver , Baganz Daniela , Keesman Karel J. , Goddek Simon , Siscan Zorina , Baganz Elias , Doernberg Alexandra , Monsees Hendrik , Nehls Thomas , Kloas Werner , Lohrberg Frank
Published: July 2021

Aquaponics, the water-reusing production of fish and crops, is taken as an example to investigate the consequences of upscaling a nature-based solution in a circular city. We developed an upscaled-aquaponic scenario for the German metropolis of Berlin, analysed the impacts, and studied the system dynamics. To meet the annual fish, tomato, and lettuce demand of Berlin’s 3.77 million residents would require approximately 370 aquaponic facilities covering a total area of 224 hectares and the use of different combinations of fish and crops: catfish/tomato (56%), catfish/lettuce (13%), and tilapia/tomato (31%). As a predominant effect, in terms of water, aquaponic production would save about 2.0 million m3 of water compared to the baseline. On the supply-side, we identified significant causal link chains concerning the Food-Water-Energy nexus at the aquaponic facility level as well as causal relations of a production relocation to Berlin. On the demand-side, a ‘freshwater pescatarian diet’ is discussed. The new and comprehensive findings at different system levels require further investigations on this topic. Upscaled aquaponics can produce a relevant contribution to Berlin’s sustainability and to implement it, research is needed to find suitable sites for local aquaponics in Berlin, possibly inside buildings, on urban roofscape, or in peri-urban areas.
Botanical and commodity characteristics of mustard
Authors: Nikolaeva M.A. , Ryazanova O.A. , Kartashova L.V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the botanical characteristics of plants of the cruciferous family, the most important representative of which is the Sarepta mustard. Its origin and botanical characteristics are given, its biology and range, economic significance, use in folk medicine, as well as contraindications are considered. Useful and harmful properties of the finished product are described. Identifying features and storage conditions are given, and brief information on the state of the market is provided.
Properties of nanostructured lanthanum and cerium nitrates and their prospective application as ingredients for functional food products
Authors: Krolevets A.A. , Mamaeva E.M.
Published: July 2021

The sizes of nanostructured lanthanum and cerium nitrates are provided by the NTA method. The evaluation of preparations by the self-organization method is carried out. It is shown that the sizes of nanostructured lanthanum and cerium nitrates depend significantly on the nature of the shell and average from 108 to 255 nm.
Enrichment — the way to create a new generation of food products
Authors: Sycheva O.V. , Kayshev V.G.
Published: July 2021

The main dysnutrition of the Russian population is the excess of caloric intake over an indicator of the energy consumption level. One of the ways to solve this problem is the production of functional food products or enriched functional products. The essence of this is that only those micronutrients that are really in short supply should be used in the fortification of products. These should be products of mass consumption, and especially those that undergo refining, which results in the loss of micronutrients. The use of raw materials and ingredients only of natural (animal, vegetable, mineral) origin allows creating active complexes that qualitatively alter the physiological properties of the product and can affect many product characteristics and processes such as physico-chemical, structural, mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of the product, the processes of color formation, fermentation, oxidation, and storage capacity. However, sometimes a strong passion for enriching the product with useful macro- and micronutrients affects the taste characteristics. Therefore, when developing recipes and technologies for new-generation products, it is crucial that the enrichment of the product with important and necessary elements should not deteriorate the organoleptic characteristics. At the same time, it is essential to ensure the safety of products without compromising consumer properties. The diet should contain all the nutrients necessary for a person in sufficient quantities and balanced with each other in the most favorable proportions
Selecting the type of starch when developing recipes for dishes For schoolchildren
Authors: Kobzh Z.N. , Livinskiy A.A.
Published: July 2021

The general characteristics, features and advantages of starch as an ingredient of food products are provided. The role of starch as a stabilizer and structure-forming agent is considered. Starches allowed in Russia and risk assessment for their use in child nutrition are given. The process of hydrolysis under laboratory conditions under the action of the enzyme alpha amylase and a complex of oral enzymes was studied. Based on a combination of price, availability, and hydrolysis rate, corn starch was selected for use in child nutrition.
Amino acid composition of wheat proteins from different growing areas after long-term storage
Authors: Gurieva K.B. , Khaba N.A. , Tarasova E.A. , Beletskiy S.L.
Published: July 2021

The results of the research on the assessment of the biological value of wheat after storage by the composition and ratio of amino acids are presented. It is shown that after 6.5 years of storage in elevator silos, the protein content in wheat met the requirements of the standard for class 3 wheat. The sum of all amino acids was from 11.5 to 13.1 g / 100 g, including essential amino acids — 4.0-4.5g/100g and non-essential — 7.8-8.7 g / 100 g. The proportion of essential amino acids was 33.7-35.3% of the total amino acid content. The calculation of the amino acid score demonstrated that the main amino acid limiting the nutritional value of wheat after storage is lysine with an amino acid score of 45-53%. The essential amino acids threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine are also classified as deficient, but with a higher value of the amino acid score, close to the complete protein.
Identification and taxonomy of Betula (Betulaceae) in Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Amphlett Andy
Published: July 2021

Floras and identification guides typically do not list the full range of identification features that discriminate between Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh., and some accounts contain errors. Discriminatory identification features are described and illustrated. Introgression from the diploid, B. pendula into B. pubescens is widespread. It also occurs from B. nana L. into B. pubescens, but obviously introgressed examples of the latter are probably rare. Betula pubescens presents the greatest unresolved identification difficulties. Trees identified as B. pubescens subsp. celtiberica (Rothm. & Vasc.) Rivas Mart., particularly in Wales, may be part of the variation within British B. pubescens, due to introgression from B. pendula. The most widespread of the small-leaved forms of B. pubescens is correctly named var. fragrans Ashburner & McAll. Several misapplied names have been given to this taxon, most recently subsp. tortuosa (Ledeb.) Nyman, which does not occur in Europe. Not all small-leaved B. pubescens are var. fragrans; some examples show clear signs of introgression from B. nana, and may be referable to the northern var. pumila (L.) Govaerts.
A new species of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) from NE Scotland
Authors: Welch David
Published: July 2021

A distinctive bramble, whose identity has puzzled experts, is described as a new microspecies, Rubus longiflorus D. Welch. It is characterised by large showy white flowers, deeply grooved, glabrous, few-prickled stems, and leaves that have grey-felted undersides.  It is considered intermediate between the Discolores series and Corylifolian section of brambles, and is tentatively assigned to the Rhamnifolii series. The new taxon occurs along an 80 km stretch of coastal lowlands in the Kincardineshire and Angus vice-counties.
Distinguishing between Epipactis leptochila (Narrow-lipped Helleborine), Epipactis helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine) and their putative hybrid, Epipactis x stephensonii at the Warburg reserve, Oxfordshire
Authors: Swainbank Terry , Boseley Keith
Published: July 2021

A drought in May 2020 curtailed snail damage to a population of Epipactis leptochila (Godfrey) Godfrey (Narrow-lipped Helleborine) such that in July there were 33 flowering plants in an area well known for this species at the Warburg nature reserve in Oxfordshire (v.c.23).  Despite growing in a heavily-shaded area under beech, the typical habitat of E. leptochila, some of these plants were actually E. helleborine L. (Crantz) (Broad-leaved Helleborine) based on recognized distinguishing characteristics.  We took morphological measurements (19 floral characters and 10 vegetative characters) for all the flowering plants present and were able to confirm by statistical analysis our initial species identifications. We were able also to discriminate between the species reasonably accurately using leaf characters alone, such as leaf colour, leaf length to width ratios and the angle of turn of the bottom three leaves. Using the outcomes from this analysis we were able to make predictions about the identity of most of the 82 non-flowering plants present. There were 4 plants that defied clear initial allocation to one or the other species and were suspected to be the hybrid E. x stephensonii Godfrey. Statistical analysis confirmed that these plants were indeed distinguishable from either parent, and most characters were intermediate to some degree between the two. The morphology of these putative hybrids is described pending molecular confirmation of their identity.
Knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice of healthcare workers on infection control in a health facility in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwagbemiga Abiola O. , Akinsete Shade J. , Ana Godson R. , Ogunseye Olusola O.
Published: July 2021

Background: Infection control is pivotal in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), one of the leading causes of morbidity with growing prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: We investigated the knowledge, attitude and self-reported hygiene practices towards hospital infection control among healthcare workers (HCWs) at the State Specialist Hospital, Akure, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involving self-administered, structured questionnaires administered to 137 randomly selected HCWs (19 doctors, 66 nurses and 52 health assistants) was conducted in 2015. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at 5% level of significance. Results: Mean age of HCWs was 39.81 ± 8.69 years. Majority (84.7%) was trained on hand hygiene and was knowledgeable about HAIs (86.9%), modes of transmission (57.7%) and effectiveness of hand hygiene (94.9%). However, about half (48.9%) of the HCWs reported did not adhere to hand hygiene often, because of the distance between a water source and the wards. This study also showed that there are relationships between categories of respondents and their knowledge of routes of HAI transmission (P < 0.01) and practice of hand hygiene after contacts with hospital surfaces (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Hospital and hand hygiene can be improved by ensuring water supply located close to the wards. There is need for the provision of clear guidance on procedures for hospital hygiene and sanitation.
Reorientación del gran capital hacia lo inmobiliario
Authors: Jaramillo Samuel
Published: July 2021

¿Por qué la producción inmobiliaria, que fue una rama relativamente secundaria de la acumulación de capital, atrasada en términos técnicos y empresariales, en épocas recientes se ha convertido en una opción de inversión muy importante para el gran capital? En una etapa de debilidad en la tasa de ganancia y de escasez de negocios redituables, ¿qué atractivo ofrece lo inmobiliario para los grandes inversionistas? En América Latina, donde esta actividad tenía un alcance nacional, e incluso regional o local, limitado de repente ve llegar masivamente capitales multinacionales: ¿cómo obtienen remuneraciones que expliquen esta mutación? El trabajo se propone dar luz sobre el tema, partiendo de la hipótesis de que en el mercado del suelo urbano aquello se logra a través de la especulación. Una expresión que suele ser imprecisa, con significados muy diversos y a veces contradictorios. Con base en la Teoría Marxista de la Renta del Suelo Urbano desarrollada por el autor, la categoría clave para examinar estas operaciones será la de especulación inductiva, que no tiene la apariencia de especulación, pero en la cual los inversionistas le apuestan a combinar la ganancia propiamente capitalista con la captura de incrementos en el precio del suelo urbano. En estas operaciones el gran tamaño de la acumulación de capital es decisiva, así como el apoyo del Estado, lo que es funcional a las políticas urbanas neoliberales.
Heading towards Collapse? Assessment of the Slovak Party System after the 2020 General Elections
Authors: Smolecová Alexandra , Šárovec Daniel
Published: July 2021

This article aims to analyse changes of the Slovak party system from 1992 to the last parliamentary elections of 2020. These elections were the eighth elections in the history of independent Slovakia. There are discussions about stability or instability of individual development stages of the party system. In the article, Attention is paid to changes in the distribution of forces within the development of the party system. In political science, various methods are used to measure the party system’s dynamics to determine the intensity of changes and the trends arising from them. This analysis is based on election results in each electoral cycle (period), which are being compared. Next part of the analysis is focused on the selected comparative indicators: Index of the Effective Number of Parties and Aggregation Index. These indices are chosen based on the criteria of classification of party systems. The results presented in the final part of the paper prove that several significant milestones in development of party system could be identified, as confirmed by the 2020 general elections – a major breakthrough in development trends.
Comparison of Fracture Delineation Methods in Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiographs
Authors: P Ligisha , S Bhavani
Published: July 2021

Pelvic fractures are very difficult to detect due to the visual complexity of the pelvic bone. Pelvic fracture occurs less frequently, only when there is a high energy event such as fall from a height or vehicle collision. In elder people and in osteoporosis patients even a low energy incident may cause fracture. The paper includes the comparison of three different fracture detection methods – GLCM and ANN based, Statistical curve fitting and classifier based and finally statistical curve fitting and ANN based method.
Comparative analysis of various Image compression techniques for Quasi Fractal lossless compression
Authors: Magar Satyawati , Sridharan Bhavani
Published: July 2021

The most important Entity to be considered in Image Compression methods are Paek to signal noise ratio and Compression ratio. These two parameters are considered to judge the quality of any Image.and they a play vital role in any Image processing applications. Biomedical domain is one of the critical areas where more image datasets are involved for analysis and biomedical image compression is very, much essential. Basically, compression techniques are classified into lossless and lossy. As the name indicates, in the lossless technique the image is compressed without any loss of data. But in the lossy, some information may loss. Here both lossy & lossless techniques for an image compression are used. In this research different compression approaches of these two categories are discussed and brain images for compression techniques are highlighted. Both lossy and lossless techniques are implemented by studying it’s advantages and disadvantages. For this research two important quality parameters i.e. CR & PSNR are calculated. Here existing techniques DCT, DFT, DWT & Fractal are implemented and introduced new techniques i.e Oscillation Concept method, BTC-SPIHT & Hybrid technique using adaptive threshold & Quasi Fractal Algorithm.
Certain Investigation of Real power flow control of Artificial Neural Network based Matrix converter-Unified Power Flow Controller in IEEE 14 Bus system
Authors: C Boopalan , V. Saravanan
Published: July 2021

The power consumption is rapid increased due to ASD (Adjustable Speed Drives) and automation in industries and large consumption of electricity in domestic regions increased the concern of the power quality. The quality of the power received in the Distribution system is altered because of the losses in the transmission system. The losses in the transmission system is mitigated using the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System)controller among these controllers UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) plays a vital role in controlling the shunt and series reactive powers in the bus of the power system. The conventional topology of the UPFC consists of AC-DC converter and energy stored in the DC link and DC-AC converter injected a voltage in series to the bus which as to be controlled. Whereas a new topology based on matrix converter can replace the dual converters and perform the required task. The construction of 2-bus, 7-bus and IEEE-14-bus power system is designed and modeled. MC-UPFC (Matrix Converter Based Unified Power Flow Controller) is designed and constructed. The MC-UPFC is the rich topology in the FACTS which is capable of controlling both the transmission parameters simultaneously with the switching technique of Direct power control by the smooth sliding control which gives less ripple in the injecting control parameters such as control voltage [Vc] and voltage angle [α]. By implementing MC-UPFC the real and reactive power can be controlled simultaneously and independently. The control techniques were designed based on the Proportional Integral derivative(PID) with sliding surface power control, FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network)  and  the performance of  Vc and α of the controllers are investigated. Hence the sliding surface and relevant control switching state of the MC can be controlled by the FLC which gives the robust and autonomous decision making in the selection of the appropriate switching state for the effective real power control in the power system. The work has been carried out in the MATLAB Simulink simulator which gives the finest controlling features and simple design procedures and monitoring of the output.
Image based Plant leaf disease detection using Deep learning
Authors: S Poornam , A Francis Saviour Devaraj
Published: July 2021

Agriculture is important for India. Every year growing variety of crops is at loss due to inefficiency in shipping, cultivation, pest infestation in crop and storage of government-subsidized crops.  There is reduction in production of good crops in both quality and quantity due to Plants being affected by diseases. Hence it is important for early detection and identification of diseases in plants. The proposed methodology consists of collection of Plant leaf dataset, Image preprocessing, Image Augmentation and Neural network training. The dataset is collected from ImageNet for training phase. The CNN technique is used to differentiate the healthy leaf from disease affected leaf. In image preprocessing resizing the image is carried out to reduce the training phase time. Image augmentation is performed in training phase by applying various transformation function on Plant images. The Network is trained by Caffenet deep learning framework. CNN is trained with ReLu (Rectified Linear Unit). The convolution base of CNN generates features from image through the multiple convolution layers and pooling layers. The classifier part of CNN classifies the image based on the features extracted from the convolution base. The classification is performed through the fully connected layers. The performance is measured using 10-fold cross validation function. The final layer uses activation function like softmax to categorize the outputs.
Water Pollution Management and detection techniques: a Review
Authors: Ansari Saniya
Published: July 2021

Now a day’s water pollution became a national and global issue not only in India but over the whole world. Like India other countries are also facing the same problem of water pollution due to agricultural waste, industrial waste, sewage waste and so on. In this paper it has been explained clearly with the help of considerable number of references. It gives the information about the pollutants which pollutes the water. Sensors have a ability to Control and monitor the quality of water as well as able to detect the contaminants added due to human generating activities. Sensors can be used for the selection and identification of the techniques which will be suitable for performing the given task that is identification of pollutants present in water. Various pollutants found in water are pesticides, harmful chemicals, heavy metals, nutrients, etc. We will also going to discuss about the different techniques used for water pollution detections. Tethered.
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Disc Herniation After Single-Level Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Kim Yong Guk , Yang Joo Chul , Kim Tae Wan
Published: July 2021

Objective: Herniated nucleus pulposus is a common disease of the lumbar spine. Recurrence of disc herniation and subsequent disc degeneration are the most common problems following discectomy. Many first-time lumbar discectomy patients experience favorable outcomes; however, same-level recurrent discectomy can occasionally induce unfavorable results. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for recurrence of lumbar disc herniation after discectomy.Methods: From January 2013 to December 2015, 226 patients underwent one-level discectomy in our department. We excluded patients with less than two years of follow-up, a previous spine deformity with a compression fracture, foraminal or extraforaminal discs, or a history of previous lumbar operation history, leaving 71 selected patients. Patients were divided into recurrent and non-recurrent groups and various factors were retrospectively compared between the groups.Results: Patients with preoperative disc space narrowing experienced recurrence less commonly; however, this was not statistically significant (10.0% and 25.5%, respectively; p=0.150). A disc height decrease of more than 20% during the follow-up period was a statistically significant risk factor for recurrence (36.4% and 14.3%, respectively; p=0.035), and grades 3 and 4, compared to grades 1 and 2, facet joint degeneration were also statistically significant risk factors for recurrence of disc herniation (41.2% and 14.8%, respectively; p=0.020).Conclusion: Patients who underwent more than a moderate degree of preoperative facet joint degeneration on the operated side and for whom the progression of disc space height decreased during the follow-up period may require closer observation for recurrence of disc herniation.
Sentido de la vida y del sufrimiento.
Authors: Santa Cruz Vera Dalia Jaqueline , Bolívar Ramírez Marisol
Published: July 2021

La vulnerabilidad de la condición humana expresada en el dolor, la enfermedad y la muerte ponen al hombre ante las preguntas del sentido de la vida y del sufrimiento.

El artículo centra su interés en la capacidad humana de dotar de significado todas las situaciones de la vida incluida la del sufrimiento inevitable. Además, propone algunos medios o sugerencias educativas para afrontar mejor estas situaciones límite de la existencia: descubrir la misión personal de vida; desarrollar las virtudes de la magnanimidad, la humildad y la fortaleza; vivir la vida como don y servicio. Se concluye que llenar la vida de sentido a través del amor y la virtud permite integrar más fácilmente el sufrimiento en la vida y transformarlo en ocasión de crecimiento humano y de madurez personal.
Mentoringprozesse in der Lehrer:innenausbildung. Gelingensbedingungen für Schulpraktika
Authors: Haas Elisabeth
Published: July 2021

School mentoring in Austria is structurally anchored in the curricula of the new teacher trai-ning with the establishment/implementation of pedagogical-practical studies. Partner schools of universities of teacher education and universities offer students space for learning experience through practice and opportunity to complete the curricular parts of school in social environ-ment of schools. Mentors accompany and support the professionalization process and enter into a mutual learning and developmental relationship against the background of curricular re-quirement structures as well as subjective interpretative patterns. Transformational mentoring with a categorical breakdown to guide self-reflection is presented and discussed as a possible form of mentoring.In the research approach, interviews with mentors and students were conducted and evaluated with Grounded Theory. The central result of the study is that those involved in the dyadic rela-tionship want to build up or want to enter into a profession-specific learning and development process with the aim of furthering their own effectiveness and professionalism. Emanating from these studies, (training ) models for mentoring programs were constructed.
Horizontes discursivos: Miradas a los Estudios del Discurso
Authors: Londoño Zapata Oscar Iván
Published: July 2021

Esta compilación se caracteriza por su originalidad, debido a que, por primera vez, se publica un libro con entrevistas a algunas de las personas que han sido muy importantes para el desarrollo de los Estudios del Discurso y para la Asociación Latinoamericana de Estudios del Discurso (ALED). También, porque son hombres y mujeres líderes en su campo, y esta es una forma de honrarlos por el trabajo realizado en la búsqueda de explicaciones en los Estudios del Discurso tanto en los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos como aplicados y críticos. Aunque el centro de atención son los entrevistados, en este libro está también presente la voz del compilador quien, a través de sus preguntas y de sus inquietudes, nos da una visión de lo que parece interesar más a quienes se inician en los Estudios del Discurso en América Latina; nos pone frente a los grandes deseos de aprender de los universitarios y nos muestra de qué manera investigadores ya reconocidos han hecho su recorrido intelectual, qué los ha motivado y cómo han buscado respuestas para sus propias inquietudes.
Być jak Rita Madsen. Kształcenie nauczycieli edukacji elementarnej w Danii
Authors: Adamczewski Jakub
Published: July 2021

Artykuł prezentuje problematykę kształcenia nauczycieli edukacji elementarnej w Danii w oparciu o analizę dostępnej literatury, ra- porty Eurydice oraz dane pochodzące ze strony duńskiego Minister- stwa Dzieci i Edukacji. Autor, oprócz przedstawienia ogólnego zarysu funkcjonowania duńskiego systemu edukacji, nakreśla jego główne cechy. W opisie szkolnictwa podstawowego szczególnie uwzględniono etap edukacji elementarnej. Dominującym celem pracy jest zilustrowanie systemu kształcenia nauczycieli szkół podstawowych wraz z alternatywnymi ścieżkami uzyskania kwalifikacji. Wyniki prowadzonych analiz wskazują na to, że duński system kształcenia nauczycieli jest elitarny, skuteczny oraz zorientowany na wiedzę i umiejętności przyszłego nauczyciela, który w świadomy i odpowiedzialny sposób dba o osiągnięcia i dobre samopoczucie dziecka. Ponadto w tekście nawiązano do tytułowej bohaterki duńskiego serialu telewizyjnego Rita, który stał się inspiracją do napisania tej pracy.
KINETIKA FOTODEGRADASI METHYLENE BLUE MENGGUNAKAN KOMPOSIT Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp TULANG IKAN KAKAP MERAH (Lutjanus sp.)
Authors: Pangajow Stoflly E. M. , Wuntu Audy , Sangi Meiske S.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji kinetika fotodegradasi methylene blue (MB) menggunakan komposit Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp tulang ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.).  Serbuk tulang ikan yang dikalsinasi hingga 1000ºC dan direaksikan dengan AgNO3 dengan rasio mol 5:1 (Ag:HAp) dan dihasilkan komposit Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp. Larutan MB diinteraksikan dengan komposit dengan variasi waktu 5-180 menit dibawah radiasi cahaya tampak. Konsentrasi MB yang tersisa ditentukan ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan model kinetika reaksi orde ke-1 dan ke-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fotodegradasi MB oleh komposit Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp mengikuti model kinetika fotodegradasi orde ke-2. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to study the kinetics of methylene blue (MB) photodegradation using composite Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp bone fish of red snapper (Lutjanus sp.). Fish bone powder which was calcined to 1000ºC and reacted with AgNO3 with mole ratio of 5 : 1 (Ag: HAp) and produced Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp composite. MB solution was interacted with composites with variation of time 5-180 minutes under visible light radiation. The remaining MB concentrations determined were determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the data obtained were analyzed with first and second order reaction kinetics model. The results showed that MB photodegradation by Ag3PO4/Ag/HAp composites followed the 2nd order photodegradation kinetics model.
KANDUNGAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN UJI TOKSISITAS DAUN MUHARANG BAWINE (Dendrophthoe falcate (Lf) Etinggsh) DENGAN METODE BLST (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)
Authors: . Merlin , Runtuwene Max , Kamu Vanda
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk,menentukan kandungan total fenolik, dan mengetahui tingkat toksisitas ekstrak muharang bawine (Dendrophthoefalcate (Lf) Etinggsh) dengan Metode BLST (Brine shrimp lethality test) dari beberapa pelarut.Uji toksisitas dengan menggunakan udang A. salina leach.Serbuk daun muharang bawine diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi bertingkat dengan menggunakan pelaut n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol selama 3 x 24 jam sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Penentuankandungan total fenolik diukur dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan nilai LC50 dihitung dengan menggunakan SPSS 15.0.Kandungan total fenolik tertinggi terdapat pada hasil maserasi bertingkat ekstrak metanol, diikuti dengan hasil maserasi bertingkat ekstrak etil asetat dan hasil maserasi bertingkat ekstrak n-heksan. Hasil LC50 paling terbaik terdapat pada hasil maserasi bertingkat ekstrak metanol, kemudian diikuti dengan hasil maserasi bertingkat ekstrak etil asetat dan hasil maserasi bertingkat ekstrak n-heksan. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the total phenolic content, and determine the toxicity level of muharang bawine extract (Dendrophthoe falcate (LF) Ettingsh) with the BLST (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method of several solvents. Toxicity test using A. salina Leach shrimp. Leaf Extract Muharang Bawine was extracted by multilevel maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol for 3 x 24 hours for thick extracts. Determination of total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and LC50 valueswere calculated using SPSS 15.0. The highest total phenolic content was found in the results of maceration of methanol extract multilevel, followed by maceration results of multilevel ethyl acetate extract and maceration results of n-hexane extract. The best LC50 results were found in the results of maceration of methanol extract multilevel, then followed by maceration results of multilevel extract of ethyl acetate and maceration results of n-hexane extract.
FISIKOKIMIA MADU MULTIFLORA ASAL RIAU DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hasan Akhmad Endang Zainal , Herawati Heny , Purnomo Purnomo , Amalia Lathifah
Published: July 2021

Madu merupakan cairan alami yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat luas. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik madu multiflora asal Riau secara fisik maupun kimiawi sesuai dengan standar Nasional serta efektifitasnya terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylocccus aureus. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat 2 madu dari 12 sampel madu memiliki karakteristik sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) yaitu madu PLW1 dan RHU4.  Madu yang terpilih berdasarkan parameter kadar air, HMF, kadar gula pereduksi, serta kadar abu adalah RHU4, PLW1, RHI2 dan RHI1.  Madu RHU4 memiliki kadar air terendah sebesar 16.45% dan madu RHI2 sebesar 20.56%.  Madu RHU4 memiliki kadar abu paling rendah sebesar 0.01% dan tertinggi madu RHI2 sebesar 1.01%.  Madu dengan kadar gula pereduksi terendah adalah madu RHI1 sebesar 69.41% dan tertinggi madu BKL1 sebesar 95.37%.   Madu RHI1 memiliki kadar HMF yang paling rendah yaitu 0.70 dan tertinggi madu RHU1 yaitu 82.67.  Zona hambat paling kecil untuk Staphylococcus aureus yaitu sebesar 7.84 mm pada madu RHI1 20% sedangkan Zona hambat terbesar pada madu RHI2 80% sebesar 19.25 mm.  Zona hambat terkecil Escherichia coli pada madu RHI1 konsentrasi 40% sebesar 1.22 mm, sedangkan zona hambat terbesar pada madu PLW1 60% sebesar 4.58 mm.ABSTRACTHoney is a natural liquid that has been widely used by the public. The purpose of this study was to identify physical and chemical characteristics of multiflora honey from Riau in accordance with National standards and its effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylocccus aureus. The results obtained were 2 honeys from 12 honey samples having characteristics in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), namely PLW1 and RHU4 honey. The selected honey based on parameters of moisture content, HMF, reducing sugar content, and ash content are RHU4, PLW1, RHI2 and RHI1. RHU4 honey has the lowest water content of 16.45% and RHI2 honey of 20.56%. RHU4 honey has the lowest ash content of 0.01% and the highest RHI2 honey of 1.01%. The honey with the lowest reducing sugar content was RHI1 honey at 69.41% and the highest was BKL1 honey at 95.37%. RHI1 honey had the lowest HMF content of 0.70 and the highest was RHU1 honey, namely 82.67. The smallest inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus was 7.84 mm for 20% RHI1 honey, while the largest inhibition zone for RHI2 80% honey was 19.25 mm. The smallest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli in RHI1 honey with a concentration of 40% was 1.22 mm, while the largest inhibition zone in PLW1 60% honey was 4.58 mm.
Integration of Steerable Smart Antennas to IETF 6TiSCH Protocol for High Reliability Wireless IoT Networks
Authors: Kulcu Sercan , Gormus Sedat , Jin Yichao
Published: July 2021

Steerable directional antennas are increasingly
utilised to improve the overall performance of the traditional
wireless sensor networks. Steerable directional antenna based
networking solutions increase the network capacity by providing
a longer range of transmission and reduced interference as compared to networking solutions with omni-directional antennas.
However, the use of smart antennas requires complex algorithms
and such algorithms may not be easily leveraged in low power Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This study presents mechanisms
for integrating low complexity smart antenna solutions into IETF
6TiSCH protocol with the aim of creating scalable and reliable
industrial IoT networks. The solution defines extensions to MAC
layer and scheduling mechanisms of IETF 6TiSCH protocol to
enable its seamless integration with low complexity steerable
smart antennas. The results of this study show that smart antenna
enabled 6TiSCH protocol stack outperforms the legacy 6TiSCH
stack in terms of data delivery performance especially in high
density scenarios.
Element Edge Based Discretization for TCAD Device Simulation
Authors: Sanchez Juan , Chen Qiusong
Published: July 2021

Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) semiconductor device simulators solve partial differential equations (PDE) using the finite volume method (FVM), or related methods. While this approach has been in use over several decades, its methods continue to be extended, and are still applicable for investigating novel devices. In this paper, we present an element edge based (EEB) FVM discretization approach suitable for capturing vector-field effects. Drawing from a 2D approach in the literature, we have extended this method to 3D. We implemented this method in a TCAD semiconductor device simulator, which uses a generalized PDE (GPDE) approach to simulate devices with the FVM. We describe how our EEB method is compatible with the GPDE approach, allowing the modeling of vector effects using scripting. This method is applied to solve polarization effects in a 3D ferro capacitor, and a 2D ferroelectric field-effect transistor. An example for field- dependent mobility in a 3D MOSFET is also presented.