bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why shouldn't I collect more data? Reconciling disagreements between intuition and value of information analyses
Authors: Holden Matthew H. , Akinlotan Morenikeji D. , Binley Allison D. , Cho Frankie H. T. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Chadès Iadine
Published: August 2024

Value of information (VoI) analysis is a method for quantifying how additional information may improve management decisions, with applications ranging from conservation to fisheries. However, VoI studies frequently suggest that collecting more data will not substantially improve management outcomes. This often contradicts the intuition of ecologists and managers who usually believe new information is critical for management. This inconsistency is exacerbated by the perception that VoI is a black‐box method. A lack of understanding as to why VoI is usually lower than ecologists expect is hampering on‐ground uptake. There is an urgent need to identify the factors that drive VoI methodology to produce low values.

Here, we use a rigorous approach to provide insights into why VoI values are often low. We first derive analytic solutions and upper bounds for a VoI problem with two uncertain states, two actions, and four management outcomes. We show how VoI changes with respect to the benefit (i.e. utility) of implementing actions in each state, and the probability the system is in each state. We apply our formulation to a published frog population management case study and extend the results numerically to 10 million randomly generated larger‐sized problems.

Zero VoI occurred half of the time in our two‐action two‐state simulations, corresponding to when one action is best, or equal best, across all states. Even when VoI values were positive, they were typically low. However, on average, VoI tended to increase with the number of states and actions. Our analytic expression for VoI, in the case where VoI is positive, demonstrates that VoI is characterized by the state probabilities and, the utility gaps, that is the difference in utility of deploying each action in each state. Our derived bounds reveal that, in all two‐action two‐state systems, VoI cannot be larger than half the largest utility gap.

Our simple, yet powerful, analysis provides precious insight into the important factors that drive VoI analysis. Our work provides an essential stepping stone towards increasing the interpretability of VoI analysis in more complex settings, ultimately empowering managers to use VoI to help inform their decisions.
Malta: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: FENECH DOMINIC
Published: August 2024

The year in politics was marked by the exposure of a number of scandals, chief among which concerned the privatisation of three public hospitals. Polls still continued to give the governing Labour Party a strong lead over the opposition Nationalist Party, which showed little sign of recovery. The economy performed well, but inflation hit people's spending power, and sustained growth continued to be reflected in overcrowding and congestion. The abortion debate closed in an anti‐climax. A brighter picture emerged in foreign relations as Malta took its place in the UN Security Council and was chosen to chair the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Short‐term starvation activates AMPK and restores mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate, but fails to reverse associated neuronal senescence
Authors: Tagliafico Luca , Da Costa Renata T. , Boccia Lavinia , Kavehmoghaddam Sheida , Ramirez Bryan , Tokarska‐Schlattner Malgorzata , Scoma Ernest R. , Hambardikar Vedangi , Bonfiglio Tommaso , Caffa Irene , Monacelli Fiammetta , Schlattner Uwe , Betley J. Nicholas , Nencioni Alessio , Solesio Maria E.
Published: August 2024

Neuronal senescence is a major risk factor for the development of many neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms that drive neurons to senescence remain largely elusive; however, dysregulated mitochondrial physiology seems to play a pivotal role in this process. Consequently, strategies aimed to preserve mitochondrial function may hold promise in mitigating neuronal senescence. For example, dietary restriction has shown to reduce senescence, via a mechanism that still remains far from being totally understood, but that could be at least partially mediated by mitochondria. Here, we address the role of mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in the intersection between neuronal senescence and dietary restriction. PolyP is highly present in mammalian mitochondria; and its regulatory role in mammalian bioenergetics has already been described by us and others. Our data demonstrate that depletion of mitochondrial polyP exacerbates neuronal senescence, independently of whether dietary restriction is present. However, dietary restriction in polyP‐depleted cells activates AMPK, and it restores some components of mitochondrial physiology, even if this is not sufficient to revert increased senescence. The effects of dietary restriction on polyP levels and AMPK activation are conserved in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells and brain tissue of male mice. Our results identify polyP as an important component in mitochondrial physiology at the intersection of dietary restriction and senescence, and they highlight the importance of the organelle in this intersection.
Time distance and mutual fund holding horizon: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment setting of high‐speed railway opening
Authors: Chen Xuanyi , Liu Qiliang , Tian Li , Wang Junbo , Xie Jian
Published: August 2024

Using a quasi‐natural experiment, we investigate whether the opening of high‐speed railways affects mutual fund holdings. Applying the difference‐in‐difference method, we find that mutual fund holdings in remote listed companies increase after the introduction of high‐speed railways in their cities. This effect is primarily observed within the optimal interval of the railway. Opening high‐speed railways also facilitates mutual fund visits to remote listed companies, resulting in increased holdings.
The real effect of CSRC's random inspections on corporate financial fraud
Authors: Tan Changchun , Liu Leixin , Wu Huaqing , Zhou Peng
Published: August 2024

To optimise the regulatory approach, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) introduced the double‐random inspection policy (DRIP), which mandates that the provincial branches of the CSRC randomly select at least 5% of local listed firms each year and randomly assign inspectors to conduct on‐site inspections of their information disclosure and corporate governance practices. This paper investigates the real effect of the DRIP on corporate financial fraud. Performing a multi‐period synthetic difference‐in‐differences model (SDID), we first find that the random inspections of CSRC have a positive causal effect on the probability of exposing corporate financial fraud. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analysis reveals that this effect is more pronounced for private firms and firms with poor accounting information quality. We then delve into the mechanisms through which random inspections affect corporate financial fraud. Our findings suggest that random inspections influence corporate behaviour by increasing media and investor attention, as well as prompting the issuance of inquiry letters by stock exchanges. Finally, we examine the economic consequences of random inspections and find that random inspections by the CSRC reduce firms' stock price crash risk.
Information, sentiment, and margin trading of Chinese stock market
Authors: Lin Hai , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Cheng
Published: August 2024

This paper examines whether information or sentiment drives margin trading in the Chinese stock market. At the aggregate level, no conclusive evidence indicates a dominance of either information‐driven or sentiment‐driven margin trading activities. However, at the individual firm level, we observe both types of margin trading, underscoring the need to consider the heterogeneity of margin trading when reconciling previous research findings. Moreover, we find that the likelihood of sentiment‐driven margin trading significantly declined following regulators' implementation of stricter rules for margin trading in 2015.
Why it is timely to bring a new hormonal male contraceptive to the public – A 35‐year perspective of the authors
Authors: Swerdloff Ronald S. , Bremner William J.
Published: August 2024

This perspective provides an overview of issues needed to bring a testosterone‐progestogen combined transdermal male hormonal contraceptive to the market. Large‐scale phase 2b trials are near completion and a pivotal trial to confirm efficacy and safety has been designed. We believe we are close to accomplishing the steps necessary to bring the first male‐directed effective, safe, and reversible pharmaceutical contraceptive approach to the public. If successful, we believe it will provide a new option for couples to consider in their family planning.
Holding slow time while scrolling fast: Young minds, handmade materialities, and imagination in the digital era
Authors: Broch Tuva Beyer
Published: August 2024

The digital era in which we live has led to countless online social movements, all driven by emotions. This paper builds on fieldwork that stretched over 2 years, starting March 2020 as Norway went into lockdown due to COVID‐19. Emotions as experienced online seem to differ from those that are materially embodied or physically present among the studies' 25 young adults. Through two young women, this paper explores reflections on slow writing, holding a letter in their hands, in juxtaposition to fast scrolling on their phones, receiving and sending messages and pictures. In the meetings between their hands and paper, their hands, and their phone screens, they sense time and experience emotions through touch and imaginaries. Amelia and Embla connect mind, body, and senses, as they share their understanding of touching what others have made by hand, imagining the thought behind the embodied materiality.
Post‐road traffic injury experiences and challenges faced by college students: A qualitative study in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Akkayasamy Vigneshwaran Subbiah , Panneer Sigamani , Cherian Reena Merin , Daniel Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a pressing public health concern in India, leading to a rise in injury‐related deaths, hospitalizations, and disabilities. India accounts for a significant portion of the world's fatal traffic accidents, with two‐wheelers being involved in the majority of these accidents. The impact of non‐fatal injuries on individuals extends beyond the bodily consequences of the injury and includes both the physical and psychological dimensions of the injury. The literature indicates the need for policy cascades and implementation framework for the prevention of road traffic injury. This study aimed to investigate the post‐RTI experiences and challenges faced by college students who experienced road traffic injury during their college life by using a qualitative research approach in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study found that college students who experienced RTIs faced a wide range of physical, emotional, and social difficulties. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to RTI prevention that takes into account the complex interplay of individual, environmental, and societal factors that contribute to RTIs. The study also underscores the urgent need to improve the quality and availability of healthcare and rehabilitation services for RTI survivors.
The AD 536/540 climate event in Sweden – a review
Authors: Anagnostou Eirini , Linderholm Johan , Lidén Kerstin
Published: August 2024

The middle of the first millennium AD in Sweden witnessed significant changes in the archaeological record, prompting various discussions about the underlying causes. This paper reviews the research developments surrounding the global climate cooling, which was caused by severe volcanic eruptions in AD 536/540 and is referred to as the Late Antique Little Ice Age or Fimbulwinter, and its potential impacts, with a specific focus on Swedish Iron Age societies, drawing upon published climatic and archaeological data. Furthermore, it discusses the research gaps that impede a comprehensive understanding of the potential relationship between the AD 536/540 event and socioeconomic changes in Iron Age Sweden. Additionally, it suggests that isotopic analysis will offer additional insights and help bridge the research gap.
Anisotropy and Cross Fields
Authors: Simons L. , Amenta N.
Published: August 2024

We consider a cross field, possibly with singular points of valence 3 or 5, in which all streamlines are finite, and either end on the boundary or form cycles. We show that we can always assign lengths to the two cross field directions to produce an anisotropic orthogonal frame field. There is a one‐dimensional family of such length functions, and we optimize within this family so that the two lengths are everywhere as similar as possible. This gives a numerical bound on the minimal anisotropy of any quad mesh exactly following the input cross field. We also show how to remove some limit cycles.
Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a custom‐made, fully guided implant system for flapless crestal sinus floor elevation: Accuracy and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Kim Jongseung , Park Jin‐Young , Lee Joo‐Yeon , Kim Da‐mi , Lee Jungwon , Jung Ui‐Won , Lim Young‐Jun , Cha Jae‐Kook
Published: August 2024

Objective

To compare fully guided flapless implant surgery using a light‐cured surgical guide (FG group) with partially guided open flap surgery (PG group) in the posterior maxilla when performing simultaneous sinus floor elevation in terms of the accuracy, time requirements, and patient/clinician‐reported outcomes (PROMs and CROMs).

Materials and Methods

In this study, 56 tissue‐level implants were placed with crestal sinus floor elevation in 56 patients at single‐tooth sites, with 28 implants allocated to the PG group and 28 to the FG group. The deviations of the placed implants from the virtually planned positions were measured at the implant platform and apex and for the angular deviation. The presurgical preparation time and the duration of surgery were measured. PROMs and CROMs were made by administering questionnaires at multiple time points.

Results

Horizontal deviations at the platform and apex and the angular deviation were significantly smaller in the FG group than the PG group (p < .05). Presurgical preparation and surgery times were significantly shorter in the FG group (p < .001). Patient satisfaction and willingness to receive repeat treatment were significantly better in the FG group than in the PG group (p < .005 and .025, respectively). Clinicians were more satisfied in the FG group than the PG group (p < .05).

Conclusion

When placing an implant with sinus floor elevation, the flapless approach using a fully guided surgical system can be more accurate, faster, and increase the satisfaction of both the clinician and patient compared to the partially guided surgery.
Early administration of ketorolac after cardiac surgery and postoperative complications: Analysis of the MIMIC‐IV database
Authors: Liu Yi , Pan Bo , Liu Jie , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

Inflammation may contribute to postoperative cardiac complications and ketorolac, an anti‐inflammatory agent inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), shows promise in enhancing cardiac graft patency by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation in animal studies. However, the safety of postoperative ketorolac use remains controversial. This study investigates the association between early ketorolac application and complications following cardiac surgery. Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐IV (MIMIC‐IV) database fueled this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome is a composite of mortality, pulmonary insufficiency, severe acute kidney injury (AKI), hemorrhage or hematoma, infection, cardiogenic shock, and cerebrovascular infarction postcardiac surgery. Propensity score matching (PSM; 1:1 match, caliper 0.2), multivariate logistic regression, interaction stratification analysis, pairwise algorithmic, and overlap weight model analyses were employed. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7143 patients who underwent valvular surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included. PSM created a balanced cohort of 3270 individuals (1635 in the ketorolac group). The matched cohort exhibited an 8.1% overall rate of postoperative complications, with a lower composite outcome rate in patients receiving ketorolac within 48 h of surgery compared with those without (PSM, OR 0.70 [95% CI, 0.54–0.90]). Consistent associations were observed in total cohort analyses, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses. Early ketorolac use within 48 h post‐CABG or valvular procedures in adults is independently associated with a lower incidence of composite postoperative adverse events. Prospective trials are warranted to assess causality.
Trends in hospitalization for cardio‐renal disease and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes in England, 2009–2019
Authors: Holman Naomi , Young Bob , Gregg Edward W. , Wareham Nick , Sharp Stephen , Khunti Kamlesh , Sattar Naveed , Valabhji Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Aim

To assess mortality and complication trends in people with type 1 diabetes during the 11 years before the SARS‐CoV2 pandemic (2009–2019).

Materials and Methods

Sequential cohorts of people in England with type 1 diabetes aged ≥20 years from the National Diabetes Audit (2006/2007 to 2016/2017) were analysed. Discretized Poisson regression models, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and duration of diabetes, were used to calculate mortality and hospitalization rates.

Results

Demographic characteristics changed little; average diabetes duration increased. All‐cause mortality was unchanged. Cardiovascular and kidney disease mortality declined. Mortality from respiratory disease, diabetes and dementia increased in younger people (aged 20–74 years) as did mortality from liver disease and dementia in the elderly (aged ≥75 years). Younger Asian and Black people had lower all‐cause mortality than those of White ethnicity; elderly Mixed, Asian and Black people had lower all‐cause mortality. People from more deprived areas had higher all‐cause mortality. The deprivation gradient for mortality was steeper at younger ages. In younger people, rates of hospitalization increased for myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and kidney disease but only for kidney disease in the elderly. Rates of a composite measure of cardiovascular hospitalizations increased in younger people (rate ratio [RR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.11) but declined in the elderly (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.95).

Conclusion

Between 2009 and 2019, hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease increased at younger ages (20–74 years) and hospitalizations for kidney disease increased at all ages, but mortality from cardiovascular and kidney disease declined. All‐cause mortality rates were unchanged.
The hidden lessons in textbooks: Gender representation and stereotypes in European mathematics and language books
Authors: Jehle Astrid M. C. , Groeneveld Marleen G. , van de Rozenberg Tessa M. , Mesman Judi
Published: August 2024

This cross‐national European comparison examined gender representation and stereotypes in mathematics and language textbooks from Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Romania. The results showed that female characters were numerically underrepresented. Female characters were also less often a main character or individually portrayed compared to male characters, but not proportionally to the overall lower number of female characters. Characters in occupational roles were less often female than male, whereas among characters with gender non‐conform characteristics, these were more often female than male in some textbooks. There was no sexual diversity among characters. The differences in gender representation are found within each country, but gender differences were smaller in more gender‐egalitarian countries. If textbooks are to offer the same learning benefits to both boys and girls, students should be equally represented in a diversity of roles and occupations.
How national and school cultural factors influence the link between distributed leadership and collective teacher innovativeness: Testing a multilevel moderated mediation model
Authors: Erdoğan Onur , Sezgin Ferudun , Özdemir Servet , Özdemir Nedim , Zepeda Sally J. , Kılınç Ali Çağatay
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to test a multilevel moderated mediation model, where the association between distributed leadership (DL) and collective teacher innovativeness (CTI) was examined, with collectivism (COL) included as the moderator and supportive school culture (SSC) as a mediator. Using data from 829 teachers employed in 61 elementary and lower secondary schools in Turkey, we conducted multilevel structural equation modelling through Bayesian to estimate the structural links between our study variables. Our results showed significant indirect effects of DL on CTI via SSC. The findings also extend the literature by suggesting the significant moderator role of COL on the indirect link between DL and CTI via SSC. We discuss implications for policy and practice.
Effects of word extension on decoding development in Brazilian young readers: Theoretical and practical implications
Authors: Soares Aparecido José Couto , Fortunato‐Tavares Talita , Befi‐Lopes Débora Maria
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Although the knowledge of decoding acquisition has expanded in the past years, theoretical information is still needed to guide practices concerning decoding skills in clinical and educational scenarios in languages other than English. Thus, we aimed to investigate the word‐length effects on decoding acquisition regarding the time spent on decoding and the accuracy—the number of correct words/nonwords read per minute—in Brazilian Portuguese‐Speakers.

Methods

The study included 250 children enrolled in elementary school from first to fifth grade, and we used stratified random sampling to select the participants. To assess their decoding skills, we used a linguistically balanced list of words and nonwords designed according to Brazilian Portuguese decoding rules, word length variation, and the frequency of these words in the children's experiences.

Results

Generally, data provide evidence of a stimuli length effect on accuracy and decoding time for words and nonwords. Data bring essential indicators for discussion in the acquisition and development of decoding since it adds another layer to investigate: intralinguistic features.

Conclusion

The current findings contribute significantly to the area by indicating that the process of acquiring decoding has a multifactorial nature, and different interactions between variables can positively or negatively influence this process. Also, the present study may enlarge the knowledge by providing data from a transparent orthography encouraging more studies on the theme and cross‐linguistic studies to understand how such variables here studied may vary in different orthographies.
Role of mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum contacts in neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions
Authors: Ilaria Serangeli , Tamara Diamanti , Antonella De Jaco , Elena Miranda
Published: August 2024

Mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) mediate a close and continuous communication between both organelles that is essential for the transfer of calcium and lipids to mitochondria, necessary for cellular signalling and metabolic pathways. Their structural and molecular characterisation has shown the involvement of many proteins that bridge the membranes of the two organelles and maintain the structural stability and function of these contacts. The crosstalk between the two organelles is fundamental for proper neuronal function and is now recognised as a component of many neurological disorders. In fact, an increasing proportion of MERC proteins take part in the molecular and cellular basis of pathologies affecting the nervous system. Here we review the alterations in MERCs that have been reported for these pathologies, from neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Although mitochondrial abnormalities in these debilitating conditions have been extensively attributed to the high energy demand of neurons, a distinct role for MERCs is emerging as a new field of research. Understanding the molecular details of such alterations may open the way to new paths of therapeutic intervention.
Entropy‐based method considering nonlinear hardening effect to predict the crack propagation life of superalloy GH4169 at elevated temperature
Authors: Ding Shuiting , Zuo Liangliang , Li Guo , Li Zhenlei , Zhou Huimin , Bao Shaochen , Xia Shuyang
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to determine the relationship between thermodynamic entropy generation and fatigue crack propagation life of superalloy GH4169 at 300–650°C. The entire specimen was considered as the thermodynamic system. The plastic energy dissipation in the crack tip was obtained by finite element simulation utilizing the Chaboche nonlinear hardening model. Then the cyclic entropy generation rate (CEGR) and the accumulated entropy generation are calculated by combining simulation and experimental methods. Results show that the CEGR is a power function of the stress intensity factor range, and it is almost a constant at fatigue failure. The fatigue fracture entropy (FFE) increases as fatigue cycles at failure increase at constant temperature, but it first decreases and then increases when temperature increases from 300 to 650°C. A fatigue life prediction model based on the thermodynamic damage parameter is established and verified by comparison with experimental results and available data in the literature.
Variability in thermal tolerance of clutches from different mothers indicates adaptation potential to climate warming in sea turtles
Authors: Kynoch Camille , Paladino Frank V. , Spotila James R. , Santidrián Tomillo Pilar
Published: August 2024

The current climate warming is a challenge to biodiversity that could surpass the adaptation capacity of some species. Hence, understanding the means by which populations undergo an increase in their thermal tolerance is critical to assess how they could adapt to climate warming. Specifically, sea turtle populations could respond to increasing temperatures by (1) colonizing new nesting areas, (2) nesting during cooler times of the year, and/or (3) by increasing their thermal tolerance. Differences in thermal tolerance of clutches laid by different females would indicate that populations have the potential to adapt by natural selection. Here, we used exhaustive information on nest temperatures and hatching success of leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) clutches over 14 years to assess the occurrence of individual variability in thermal tolerance among females. We found an effect of temperature, year, and the interaction between female identity and nest temperature on hatching success, indicating that clutches laid by different females exhibited different levels of vulnerability to high temperatures. If thermal tolerance is a heritable trait, individuals with higher thermal tolerances could have greater chances of passing their genes to following generations, increasing their frequency in the population. However, the high rate of failure of clutches at temperatures above 32°C suggests that leatherback turtles are already experiencing extreme heat stress. A proper understanding of mechanisms of adaptation in populations to counteract changes in climate could greatly contribute to future conservation of endangered populations in a rapidly changing world.
The relationship between serum uric acid level and carotid intima‐media thickness in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kara Ali Veysel , Inan Hamza , Durmaz Onder , Ozdemir Ridvan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT), which is a known indicator of cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis, and uric acid level, which may be an easy marker for cardiovascular diseases due to its antioxidant and pro‐oxidant properties in hemodialysis patients.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we evaluated 77 hemodialysis patients. The mean CIMT of these patients was measured and recorded by Doppler ultrasonography. Patients were divided into two groups according to their serum uric acid levels. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to define the relationship between study parameters.

Findings

The mean CIMT levels in the normouricemic group and the hyperuricemic group were 0.95 ± 0.15 and 1.07 ± 0.15, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant and moderate linear correlation between serum uric acid level and mean CIMT (r = 0.402; p = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify variables that could independently affect the mean CIMT value. According to analysis, uric acid (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.008), albumin (p = 0.029), and C‐reactive protein (p = 0.042) were found independent risk factors for mean CIMT value.

Discussion

We found a significant relationship between serum uric acid level and CIMT, which indicates carotid atherosclerosis. Serum uric acid level is a low‐cost laboratory parameter that can be measured in almost all laboratories, and it may be valuable in the hemodialysis patient group to identify patients at high risk of carotid atherosclerosis.
The role of red pepper on the colour and bioactive properties, polyphenols, minerals and sensory evaluation of the wheat breads enriched with red pepper powder at different concentrations
Authors: Younis Mahmoud , Ahmed Isam Ali Mohamed , Karrar Emad , Özcan Mehmet Musa
Published: August 2024

In current investigation, the effect of the breads enriched with red pepper powder at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) on colour parameters, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic components, minerals and sensory properties was revealed. While the brightness results of the breads L* decreased, there was a significant increase in the a* and b* values. As the concentration of the pepper powder added to bread dough increased, a significant increase was observed in bioactive compounds such as total phenol, antioxidant activity and flavonoids in the bread. It was determined that bread enriched with 1% red pepper powder received the highest sensory scores compared to other breads. The phenolic compound amounts of the breads showed some changes based on the pepper concentrations. Protein amounts of the wheat bread fortified with red pepper powder were specified to be between 9.32 (0.5%) and 9.79% (control). Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) quantities of the breads were assessed to be between 745.27 mg kg−1 (0.5%) and 846.69 mg kg−1 (2.0%) to 2266.63 mg kg−1 (control) and 2907.38 mg kg−1 (2.0%), respectively. The flavour, smell, colour and texture values of the pepper bread samples varied depending on the added pepper concentration. As a result, the most liked formulation by the consumers was the pepper bread with 1.0% added, followed by 1.5%, 2.0%, 0.5% in decreasing order.
Order prescriptions online: Determinants of purchase satisfaction in an emerging Indian e‐pharmacy sector
Authors: Bhatt Sudhanshu , Cheah Jun‐Hwa , Singh Rajita , Desai Anjali , Das Dikhita
Published: August 2024

The burgeoning Indian e‐pharmacy sector, spurred by digital commerce growth and affordable Internet access, presents a promising solution to distribution challenges, especially during the pandemic. Despite doubling online sales within a few months of lockdown and significant investments, understanding consumer behaviour in this novel domain remains crucial. This research addresses this gap by employing the stimuli–organism–response (SOR) model to conceptualize and empirically validate the determinants of customer purchase satisfaction in e‐pharmacies. In the e‐pharmacy context, stimuli encompass online cues like the perception of honesty (PH), convenience value (CV), perceived risk and quality perception. The organismic state embodies the user's propensity to purchase medications online (PPMS), whereas the response represents their customer purchase satisfaction (CPS). Employing partial least squares structural equation modelling on data from 220 consumers, this study reveals significant relationships between stimuli and PPMS and CPS. Furthermore, subjective norm moderates the influence of PH and CV on PPMS, highlighting the importance of social influence in online pharmacy decisions. These findings enrich the understanding of consumer behaviour in e‐pharmacies and demonstrate the utility of the SOR model in this context. This research contributes to both theory and practice. Theoretically, it pioneers applying the SOR model to e‐pharmacies, uncovering the interplay between environmental cues, internal states, and purchase satisfaction. Practically, the study offers valuable insights for e‐pharmacy platforms to enhance user experience and promote customer satisfaction.
A multi‐objective sustainable closed‐loop supply chain network problem with hybrid facilities
Authors: Rodríguez‐Escoto Joel‐Novi , Olivares‐Benitez Elias , Nucamendi‐Guillén Samuel , Drzymalski Julie
Published: August 2024

A sustainable closed‐loop supply chain network requires conjunctive implementation of reverse logistics in the supply chain, with decisions that consider economic, environmental, and social factors. In real life, the problem needs to be addressed by prioritizing targets or interacting between them to give a range of solutions to the decision maker. In this context, this work proposes a novel multi‐objective sustainable closed‐loop supply chain network problem based on the revised network design model with hybrid recovery centers minimizing (1) the total economic cost, (2) the CO2 emission of vehicles used, and (3) the total obnoxious distance. The latter objective is a novel implementation of the social dimension of a sustainable model. A sensitivity analysis of the multi‐objective model is developed through ANOVA. A dataset of instances was generated to test the model and the solution methods, which are configured with AUGMECON2, a linear programming relaxation implemented to improve the CPU time, and AUGMECON2‐EXTENDED to obtain more solutions to avoid exploring all space of the solution. The results show that an AUGMECON2‐EXTENDED implementation outperforms all the selected performance metrics. These performance metrics include NPS, CPU time, RPOS, QM, and HV. The results show an improvement on average of at least , , , , and , respectively, in those metrics, in comparison to other implementations.
Unlocking university efficiency: a Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis
Authors: García‐Tórtola Zaira , Conesa David , Crespo Joan , Tortosa‐Ausina Emili
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the Spanish public university system over the 2010–2019 period, which was particularly turbulent due to the tight budget constraints imposed on universities. To disentangle the main sources of performance change, we adopt a dynamic approach by decomposing it into efficiency change (catching up) and technical change (shifts in the frontier). In contrast to many studies on higher education institutions (HEIs), we opt for stochastic frontier analysis, employing the ray production function proposed by Löthgren (1997) to account for the multiple‐output nature of HEIs. Additionally, to offer a more detailed examination of uncertainty quantification, we conduct inference within the Bayesian paradigm. Broadly, results point to an overall positive performance change over the entire period, particularly for technical change during 2010–2014. However, there were notable discrepancies across universities, which could be unlocked with certain precision via the posterior distributions of performance and its components.
Best practices in wound care for gastrointestinal stoma and colorectal cancer patients from a nursing perspective: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Jing , Gan Tianyu
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer, a type of colon or bowel cancer, poses a major challenge in the treatment of colorectal lesions. Colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive technique, but the risk of wound infections remains a significant concern. These infections can impede the healing process, affecting daily activities and patient satisfaction. To mitigate the risk of wound infections, various prophylactic measures have been explored, including medication, vaccines, lifestyle adjustments and hygiene practices. This study aims to investigate the prevention of wound infections through prophylactic measures in colorectal EMR. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify prophylactic measures that can prevent wound infections. A systematic literature search was conducted using both free words and search terms. The data extraction was performed after a comprehensive literature screening. The meta‐analysis was performed using the metabin function of the meta library in R to evaluate the infection incidences in intervention and control groups. A total of 599 infection incidences were considered, with 267 in intervention and 332 in the control group. The results of meta analysis demonstrated significant reduction of wound incidences following the prophylactic measures (risk ratio [RR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6747; 0.9016, I2 = 78.5%, p < 0.01). The wound infection ratio analysis also exhibited an approximate 6.6% less infection rate in the intervention group, demonstrating significantly less wound infection following the implementation of prophylactic measures. This study highlights the crucial significance of prevention of wound infections by prophylactic measures in colorectal EMR.
Assessing health‐related quality of life using the Wound‐QoL‐17 and the Wound‐QoL‐14—Results of the cross‐sectional European HAQOL study using item response theory
Authors: Janke Toni Maria , Kozon Vlastimil , Valiukeviciene Skaidra , Rackauskaite Laura , Reich Adam , Stępień Katarzyna , Chernyshov Pavel , Jankechova Monika , van Montfrans Catherine , Amesz Stella , Barysch Marjam , Conde Montero Elena , Augustin Matthias , Blome Christine , Braren‐von Stülpnagel Catharina C.
Published: August 2024

For assessing health‐related quality of life in patients with chronic wounds, the Wound‐QoL questionnaire has been developed. Two different versions exist: the Wound‐QoL‐17 and the Wound‐QoL‐14. For international and cross‐cultural comparisons, it is necessary to demonstrate psychometric properties in an international study. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test both questionnaires in a European sample, using item response theory (IRT). Participants were recruited in eight European countries. Item characteristic curves (ICC), item information curves (IIC) and differential item functioning (DIF) were calculated. In both questionnaires, ICCs for most items were well‐ordered and sufficiently distinct. For items, in which adjacent response categories were not sufficiently distinct, response options were merged. IICs showed that items on sleep and on pain, on worries as well as on day‐to‐day and leisure activities had considerably high informational value. In the Wound‐QoL‐14, the item on social activities showed DIFs regarding the country and age. The same applied for the Wound‐QoL‐17, in which also the item on stairs showed DIFs regarding age. Our study showed comparable results across both versions of the Wound‐QoL. We established a new scoring method, which could be applied in international research projects. For clinical practice, the original scoring can be maintained.
Maize Responses to High Night Temperature During Postflowering and Early Grain Filling: Effects on Yield Components, Kernel Growth and Dry Matter Allocation
Authors: Kettler Belén Araceli , Carrera Constanza Soledad , Nalli Sonzogni Federico David , Andrade Fernando Héctor , Neiff Nicolás
Published: August 2024

Warm night frequency has increased steadily in the last years across maize production regions, but high night temperature (HNT) effects on growth, grain yield and maize dry matter allocation (DMA) to different plant organs remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to (i) analyse the DMA among reproductive and vegetative organs, (ii) evaluate the individual kernel weight through its determinants, rate and duration of grain filling and (iii) quantify changes in grain yield per plant and its components due to HNT during the postflowering and early grain‐filling period. Field‐grown maize was subjected to HNT induced by shelters during a 15‐ or 30‐day period after silking, encompassing the postflowering period (HNT15) and extending the heating into early grain filling (HNT30), respectively. The HNT was applied from 1900 to 0700 h while control plots remained at ambient night temperature (ANT). Kernel number per plant was decreased under both temperature regimes (i.e., HNT15 and HNT30); however, significant reductions in grain yield were only observed under HNT30. The DMA during the heating period was differentially affected by the duration of heating. While DMA to the stem was likewise reduced by both heating treatments, the partition to the uppermost ear was only reduced under HNT30. Related to the lack of response to HNT treatments of the rate and duration of grain filling, the individual kernel weight was not reduced. The source‐sink ratio was not affected by HNT, meanwhile, the apparent reserve use was significantly reduced under HNT30. Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of HNT effects is subjected to the duration of the heating period, but also depends on the intensity of heating explored across seasons, especially for kernel number and grain yield.
Effect of MnO2 on crystallization behavior and specific capacity of phosphate glass anode
Authors: Tang Liangpeng , Shang Chen , Li Xinglong , Feng Siguang , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie
Published: August 2024

In recent years, glass anodes have been widely studied. However, self‐crystallization often occurs during glass preparation, which leads to a reduction in the cycle stability of the glass anode. In this work, SnO–P2O5–MnO2 glass anode materials were prepared using the melt‐quenching method. By increasing the concentration of MnO2, the specific capacity (after 800 cycles) of the glass anode was increased by 62%, from 234.9 to 381.3 mAh g−1. The result indicates that the introduction of MnO2 makes the glass structure more compact and suppresses the glass's ability of self‐crystallization, which is beneficial for the long‐cycle performance of lithium‐ion batteries. In addition, with the introduction of MnO2 in glass, manganese–tin synergistic discharge disperses the internal stress during the alloying process, which further enhances the cycling stability of the glass anode. This research is to propose a new reference for improving the cycle life and specific capacity of glass anode materials.
Huanglian Jiedu decoction alleviates ischemia‐induced cerebral injury in rats by mitigating NET formation and activiting GABAergic synapses
Authors: Cui Youxiang , Cui Mingyue , Wang Leilei , Wang Ning , Chen Yao , Lv Shuquan , Zhang Limin , Chen Congai , Yang Yanwen , Wang Feng , Wang Lichun , Cui Huantian
Published: August 2024

Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJD) has been used to treat ischemic stroke in clinic. However, the detailed protective mechanisms of HLJD on ischemic stroke have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of HLJD based on the inhibition of neuroinflammation and the amelioration of nerve cell damage. A middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in rats and received HLJD treatment. Effects of HLJD on neurological function was assessed based on Bederson's score, postural reflex test and asymmetry score. 2, 3, 5‐Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Hematein and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes in brain. Then, transcriptomics was used to screen the differential genes in brain tissue in MCAO/R model rats following HLJD intervention. Subsequently, the effects of HLJD on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation‐related neuroinflammation, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapse activation, nerve cell damage and proliferation were validated using immunofluorescence, western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that HLJD intervention reduced the Bederson's score, postural reflex test score and asymmetry score in MCAO/R model rats. Pathological staining indicated that HLJD treatment decreased the cerebral infarction area, mitigated neuronal damage and increased the numbers of Nissl bodies. Transcriptomics suggested that HLJD affected 435 genes in MCAO/R rats. Among them, several genes involving in NET formation and GABAergic synapses pathways were dysregulated. Subsequent experimental validation showed that HLJD reduced the MPO+CitH3+ positive expression area, reduced the protein expression of PAD4, p‐P38/P38, p‐ERK/ERK and decreased the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, reversed the increase of Iba1+TLR4+, Iba1+p65+ and Iba1+NLRP3+ positive expression area in brain. Moreover, HLJD increased GABA levels, elevated the protein expression of GABRG1 and GAT3, decreased the TUNEL positive expression area and increased the Ki67 positive expression area in brain. HLJD intervention exerts a multifaceted positive impact on ischemia‐induced cerebral injury in MCAO/R rats. This intervention effectively inhibits neuroinflammation by mitigating NET formation, and concurrently improves nerve cell damage and fosters nerve cell proliferation through activating GABAergic synapses.
Integrating single‐cell transcriptomics and machine learning to predict breast cancer prognosis: A study based on natural killer cell‐related genes
Authors: Mao Juanjuan , Liu Ling‐lin , Shen Qian , Cen Mengyan
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in tumour immunosurveillance. This study aimed to establish a prognostic model using NK cell‐related genes (NKRGs) by integrating single‐cell transcriptomic data with machine learning. We identified 44 significantly expressed NKRGs involved in cytokine and T cell‐related functions. Using 101 machine learning algorithms, the Lasso + RSF model showed the highest predictive accuracy with nine key NKRGs. We explored cell‐to‐cell communication using CellChat, assessed immune‐related pathways and tumour microenvironment with gene set variation analysis and ssGSEA, and observed immune components by HE staining. Additionally, drug activity predictions identified potential therapies, and gene expression validation through immunohistochemistry and RNA‐seq confirmed the clinical applicability of NKRGs. The nomogram showed high concordance between predicted and actual survival, linking higher tumour purity and risk scores to a reduced immune score. This NKRG‐based model offers a novel approach for risk assessment and personalized treatment in BC, enhancing the potential of precision medicine.