bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Potential Genetic Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis Utilizing Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Xue , Xu Lin , Zhang Zedan , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To reveal the molecular mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide potential biomarkers for UC gene therapy.
Methods: We downloaded the GSE87473 microarray dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC samples and normal samples. Then ,a module partition analysis was performed based on a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA),followed by pathway and functional enrichment analyses. Furthermore, we investigated the hub genes . At last, data validation was performed to ensure the reliability of the hub genes.
Results: Between UC group and normal group, 988 DEGs were investigated . The DEGs were clustered into 5 modules using WGCNA. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as the immune response, the inflammatory response and chemotaxis, and they were mainly enriched in KEGG pathways such as the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction , chemokine signaling pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades. The hub genes, including dual oxidase maturation factor 2(DUOXA2), serum amyloid A (SAA) 1 and SAA2, TNFAIP3-interacting protein 3(TNIP3), C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL1), solute carrier family 6 member 14(SLC6A14) and complement decay-accelerating factor (CD antigen CD55),were revealed as potential tissue biomarkers for UC diagnosis or treatment.
Conclusions: This study provides supportive evidence that DUOXA2, A-SAA, TNIP3, CXCL1, SLC6A14 and CD55 might be used as potential biomarkers for tissue biopsy of UC, especially SLC6A14 and CD55, which may be new targets for UC gene therapy. Moreover, the DUOX2/DUOXA2, NF-κB /TNIP3 and CXCL1/CXCR2 pathways might play an important role in the progression of UC through the chemokine signaling pathway and inflammatory response.
Implementation of Strategies to Prevent and Treat Postoperative Delirium in the Post Anesthesia Caring Unit. A German Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Saller Thomas , Hofmann-Kiefer Klaus F. , Saller Isabel , Schaefer Simon T. , Zwissler Bernhard , von Dossow Vera
Published: August 2019

Background Postoperative delirium is associated with worse outcome. The aim of this study is to understand present strategies for delirium screening and therapy in German Post Anesthesia Caring Units (PACU) in hospitals and ambulatory anesthesia facilities. Methods We designed German-wide web-based survey of 922 leading anesthesiologists in hospitals and 726 in ambulatory surgery. Results The response rate was 30% for hospital anesthesiologists. 10% (95%-confidence interval: 8–12) of the anesthesiologists applied a standardised screening for delirium. Even though not on a regular basis, in 44% (41–47) of the hospitals, a recommended and validated screening was used, the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDesc) or the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). If delirium is likely to occur, 46% (43–50) of the patients were examined using a delirium tool and 20% (17–23) screened in intensive care units. For the treatment of delirium, alpha-2-agonists (83%, 80–85) were used most frequently for vegetative symptoms, benzodiazepines in anxiety in 71% (68–74), typical neuroleptics in 77% (71–82%) of patients with psychotic symptoms and in 20% (15–25) of patients with hypoactive delirium. 45% (39–51) of the respondents suggested no therapy for this entity. One third of the respondents indicated an age limit for pre-anesthetic medication with a mean age (SD) of 74.2 (±6.4) years and avoid benzodiazepines. Conclusions Monitoring of delirium was not established as a standard procedure in German PACUs. However, symptom-oriented therapy for postoperative delirium corresponded with the current guidelines.
A self-aggregating peptide forms nanoparticles useful in the design of thermostable vaccines
Authors: Cruz-Resendiz Adolfo , Zepeda Jesus , Sampieri Alicia , Bastian Carlos , Acero Gonzalo , Sánchez-Betancourt Jose Ivan , Gevorkian Goar , Vaca Luis
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The use of biomaterials has been expanded to improve the characteristics of vaccines. Recently we have identified that the peptide PH (1-110) from polyhedrin self-aggregates and incorporate foreign proteins to form particles. We have proposed this peptide can be used as an antigen carrying system for vaccines. However, the immune response generated by the antigen fused to the peptide has not been characterized. In addition, the adjuvant effect and thermostability of the particles has not been evaluated.
Results: In the present study we demonstrate the use of a system developed to generate nanoparticles carrying as a fusion protein peptides or proteins of interest to use as vaccines. These nanoparticles are purified easily by centrifugation. Immunization of mice BALB/c with the nanoparticles in the absence of adjuvant result in a robust and long-lasting immune response. Proteins contained inside the nanoparticles are maintained for over one year at ambient temperature, preserving their immunological properties.
Conclusion: The rapid and efficient production of the nanoparticles in addition to the robust immune response they generate position this system as an excellent method for the rapid response against emerging diseases. The thermostability conferred by the nanoparticle system facilitates the distribution of the nanovaccines in developing countries or areas with no electricity.
Keywords : vaccines, nanoparticles, self-assembling, thermostable, immunology
Adult HIV/AIDS Patients’ Level of Satisfaction on Pharmaceutical Service: Institutional Prospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Girmay Adey , Tilahun Zelalem , Akele Muluemebet Zinabu , Huluka Solomon Assefa
Published: August 2019

Objective : Patients are essential sources of information to assess the accessibility and effectiveness of pharmaceutical care. Patients’ perception and satisfaction on the care they received has direct influence on treatment adherence. This study was thus aimed to assess HIV/AIDS patients’ level of satisfaction on the pharmaceutical services provided in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from April 16, 2018 to May 16, 2018 in Zewditu Memorial Hospital.
Result: Among the total 285 participants enrolled in the study, 172(60.4%) of them were females and the mean age of the participants was 42.5±9.8. The participants of this study received ART service for a mean duration of 7.3±3.5 years. In this study, 26.7%, 13.7%, 38.6%, 13% and 8.1% of the study participants rated the overall satisfaction to the ART pharmaceutical service as excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor, respectively. Participants who were provided information about drug-drug and drug-food interaction were 2.72 times more likely to be satisfied than those who weren’t provided (AOR=2.72, 95%CI : 1.13-6.54).
Method Shifting from Long to Short Term Contraceptives and its Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Desalegn Niguse , Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw , Yenit Melaku Kindie
Published: August 2019

Objective: Even if long term contraceptives are more effective, cost efficient and tolerable choices, method shifting from long to short term contraceptives continued as a global issue. Therefore this study assessed the proportion and associated factors of method shifting from long term to short term contraceptives in Gondar city administration, northwest Ethiopia. Result: A total of 390 women participated in the study that made the response rate of the current study as 96%. The overall proportion of method shifting from long to short term contraceptives was 48.5% with (95% CI: 43.8, 53.3). Had secondary level educational status (AOR=0.18, 95%CI 0.07, 0.51), had information about long acting contraceptives from friends (AOR=6.67, 95%CI 1.89, 23.52), use of long acting contraceptives for limiting purposes (AOR=0.26, 95%CI 0.11, 0.60), and had enough counseling on long acting contraceptives during ANC visits (AOR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08, 0.50) were found to have statistically significant association with method shifting.
Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé
Authors: NKA Alex Durand , Sosso Samuel Martin , Fokam Joseph , Yagai Bouba , Teto Georges , Kamgaing Rachel , Tiga Aline , Yimga Junie , Nukenine Elias Nchiwan , Nanfack Aubin Joseph , Takou Désiré , Aroga Zélateur , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis
Published: August 2019

Objective: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to assess the burden of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Results: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310).The rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in ART-naïve versus ART-treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following viral load, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads>3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003) .After adjusting for sex, ART, viral load and CD4, Viral load and ART exposure were significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05). Thrombocytopenia occurs especially among ART-naïve, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia.
Knowledge Change and Donation Intentions of Field Day Attendees
Authors: Irish Laura , Haynes Cynthia , Schrock Denny
Published: August 2019

Participation in field days increases adoption of new techniques and fosters learning. Since 1977, the Iowa State University (ISU) Department of Horticulture has hosted several Home Demonstration Garden (HDG) field days at ISU research farms each year to educate consumers on best practices and cultivars for growing annual flowers and vegetables. Gardens are planted at the farms and feature a specific topic or theme. In 2016 and 2017, 12 HDG field days were hosted in July or August. The objective of these field days was to showcase cultivars of vegetables that are in demand at food pantries and that home gardeners could grow easily for donation to these pantries. In addition to showcasing crops, presentations were delivered that focused on food insecurity implications in Iowa and how community members could impact food security locally. Of more than 400 field-day attendees in 2016, 151 (38%) participated in an optional survey at the end of the day. Similarly, in 2017, 140 of 350 (40%) attendees participated in the survey. Participants reflected on their food security knowledge and intentions to donate fresh produce before and after participation in the field day. Slightly more than a third (39.53% and 37.12%, respectively) of attendees reported some increase in food-security knowledge after participation. In addition, 85% and 72.5% of respondents reported that they will or would consider donating fresh produce to a local pantry after participation in this field day in 2016 and 2017, respectively. This was a change of more than 40% from previous donation patterns in both years. Results from this study are being used to focus future programming of the HDG field days and content of the field day surveys.
Polyethylene and Biodegradable Plastic Mulches for Strawberry Production in the United States: Experiences and Opinions of Growers in Three Regions
Authors: Goldberger Jessica R. , DeVetter Lisa W. , Dentzman Katherine E.
Published: August 2019

Although agricultural plastic mulches can have significant horticultural benefits for specialty crops such as strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), there can also be significant economic and environmental costs. In particular, polyethylene (PE) plastic mulch requires labor and financial investments for removal and disposal. Micro- or nanoparticles may persist in soil and negatively affect microbial activity, physical soil properties, and nutrient availability. A possible alternative to PE mulch is biodegradable plastic mulch, which has similar horticultural benefits but does not need to be removed from the field at the end of the growing season. Biodegradable plastic mulch can be tilled into the soil, where it is converted by soil microorganisms into water, carbon dioxide, and microbial biomass. Although horticultural and environmental research into the impacts of PE and biodegradable plastic mulch is ongoing, it is also important to understand farmers’ practices and perceptions related to these mulches. We conducted a survey of strawberry growers in three growing regions of the United States: California, the Pacific Northwest, and the Mid-Atlantic. Our results indicate several regional differences, with California farmers being more likely to have used biodegradable plastic mulch, and growers from California and the Pacific Northwest being more likely to perceive negative impacts of PE mulch compared with growers in the Mid-Atlantic. Regardless of region, a majority of growers were interested in learning more about biodegradable plastic mulch. We conclude with several suggestions for biodegradable plastic mulch development and outreach that may promote strawberry growers’ adoption of this technology.
Nitrate Leaching and Potato Yield under Varying Plow Timing and Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Jiang Yefang , Nyiraneza Judith , Khakbazan Mohammad , Geng Xiaoyuan , Murray Brian J.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Fall plowing created more post–fall‐plowing nitrate leaching than spring plowing.

Fall or spring plowing did not influence post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching and potato yield.

Increasing fertilizer N input to potato crops increased post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching.

Increasing fertilizer N input to potato crops suppressed potato yield.

Excessive nitrate leaching from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production has been linked to groundwater nitrate contamination and eutrophication in receiving surface water. This study was conducted to assess the effects on nitrate leaching and potato yield of delaying red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plowing from late fall to spring in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–red clover–potato rotation and varying additions of fertilizer N to potato crops in Prince Edward Island, Canada, between 2014 and 2017. The experiment used a split‐plot arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. A stainless steel lysimeter was installed in each plot to collect soil water to test nitrate concentrations in leachate. Nitrate leaching occurred primarily between late fall, after the potato harvest, and in spring. Delaying forage plowing from late fall to spring reduced post–fall‐plowing nitrate leaching but had no influence on either post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching or potato yield. Increasing fertilizer N input to the potato crops was shown to not only increase the risk of excessive nitrate leaching but also to suppress potato yield. Higher levels of soil N supplies from the mineralization of the plowed‐down red clover and soil organic matter to the potato crops in combination with a shorter than ideal growth period for the long‐season Russet Burbank potato appear to create overfertilizing situations, resulting in excessive post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching and suppressed yields. Adequately accounting for soil N supplies is critical for enhancing potato productivity while minimizing nitrate leaching.
Alfalfa Powder Affects Soil Nutrient and Walnut Dry Matter Accumulation under Drought
Authors: Ma Huaying , Zhang Yan , Wei Fengqian , Hao Suxiao , Tian Ji , Yao Yuncong
Published: August 2019

Improving soil conditions has been an increasingly important issue in degraded hilly areas; however, the effects of plant manure on soil nutrient and plant dry matter accumulation are poorly understood. We studied the effects of alfalfa powder, decomposed chicken manure and drought in a nonplanted group (NPG) and planted walnut group (PG) soil to explore the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and dry matter accumulation in response to soil nutrients in hilly areas. Alfalfa fertilizer increased the soil water content and organic nutrient content, and drought resulted in a high carbon to nitrogen ratio and carbon to phosphorus ratio in NPG and PG soil. In addition, fertilization changed the available nutrient content of the soil in the nonirrigated NPG and PG. Alfalfa fertilizer altered the soil micro‐element contents and leaf mineral nutrient contents, promoted the net photosynthetic rate and relative water content, and inhibited the transpiration rate, resulting in high water use efficiency in leaves. Moreover, the coupling effect of soil organic matter and soil water content affected the correlations between the organic composition and mineral nutrients and maintained leaf mineral element contents as well as the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, resulting in dry matter accumulation in the leaves, shoots and roots. This study highlights that plant manure can improve soil properties and the accumulation of plant dry matter in hilly areas.

Core Ideas

Alfalfa powder enhanced soil fertility in mountainous/hilly areas.

Alfalfa powder improved leaf nutrient contents, leaf photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) in drought.

Soil environmental factors were correlated with plant growth and dry matter accumulation.
Direct Exports of Phosphorus from Fertilizers Applied to Grazed Pastures
Authors: Nash D. M. , McDowell R. W. , Condron L. M. , McLaughlin M. J.
Published: August 2019

Since its discovery in 1669, phosphorus (P) in the form of fertilizer has become an essential input for many agroecosystems. By introducing a concentrated P source, fertilizers increase short‐term P export potential soon after their application and longer‐term export potential by increasing soil fertility (legacy P). The 4R concept was developed to help mitigate P exports from the fertilizers that sustain agricultural productivity. This review investigates the factors affecting P exports soon after the application of mineral fertilizers to pasture‐based grazing systems and studies quantifying its potential impact in different systems, with an emphasis on Australasia. Initially, P fertilizers and reactions that might affect their short‐term P export potential are reviewed, along with P transport pathways, the forms of P exported from grazing systems, factors affecting P mobilization into water, and studies demonstrating the possible short‐term effects of fertilizer application on P exports. Using that foundation, we review studies quantifying the short‐term impact of fertilizer application in different regions; they show that under poor management, recently applied fertilizer can contribute a considerable proportion (30–80%) of total farm P exports in drainage, but when fertilizer is well‐managed, that figure is expected to be <10%. We then use three model systems of varying hydrology that are common to Australasia to demonstrate the principles for selecting fertilizers that are likely to minimize P exports soon after their application.

Core Ideas

Fertilizers increase P exports directly or by increasing P cycling.

We review P pathways and processes relevant to grazing systems.

Direct fertilizer P exports can be comparatively small (<10% of annual exports).

Fertilizer selection to minimize P exports in three model systems is demonstrated.
Using Humic Fractions to Understand Natural Organic Matter Processes in Soil and Water: Selected Studies and Applications
Authors: Olk D. C. , Bloom P. R. , De Nobili M. , Chen Y. , McKnight D. M. , Wells M. J. M. , Weber J.
Published: August 2019

Natural organic matter (NOM) plays key environmental roles in both aquatic and soil systems. A long‐standing approach for evaluating NOM composition and activity is to extract soils with alkali solutions to obtain humic substances, namely humic acids (HA), and fulvic acids (FA), or to briefly expose isolated fractions of dissolved organic matter to alkali. Critics have claimed these methods create laboratory artifacts and are thus unsuitable for studying NOM behavior in field conditions. In response, we describe case studies in which humic fractions were analyzed to identify significant processes in environmental or agricultural issues. Specifically, humic fractions played a key role in maintaining toxic levels of arsenic (As) in drinking water supplies in South and Southeast Asia. Elsewhere, binding reactions of FA and HA with prions were shown to provide a plausible mechanism for variable persistence of prion infectivity across soil types. Humic substances were also shown to enhance iron (Fe) uptake by plants in solution culture and field conditions. Their specific binding sites for mercury (Hg) as determined in laboratory conditions enabled accurate modeling of soil Hg binding under varying conditions. A young HA fraction reproduced in controlled conditions the capacity of animal manure to maintain potassium (K) availability in strongly K‐fixing field soils, leading to development of a commercially successful humic‐K fertilizer. Humic fractions accurately represented NOM across multiple settings and research objectives while providing novel opportunities for advanced analyses. The study of humic fractions has helped resolve scientific and practical issues in aquatic and soil systems.

Core Ideas

Humic substances (HS) affect As, Hg, and Fe cycling in water, sediment, and soil matrices.

Humic binding of prions may control the persistence of their infectivity across soil types.

A humic fraction simulated the organic component of manure in improving soil K cycling.

Soil and aquatic HS responded in quantity and composition to location and land use.
Sorption and Desorption Characteristics of Tylosin in Three Louisiana Soils
Authors: Zhou Zehua , Wang Jim J. , Gaston Lewis A. , Du Jianjun
Published: August 2019

The macrolide antibiotic tylosin is widely used in animal production, but its environmental fate is not fully understood. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of pH on tylosin A sorption and desorption in three sandy loam soils from Louisiana, USA, that had long histories of poultry waste application, to model sorption and desorption, and to estimate the effect of high soil organic matter on sorption. Twenty‐four‐hour sorption isotherms (5 to 200 mg L−1 in 0.01 M CaCl2) at pH 4.5, 6.0, and pH 7.5 were described by the Freundlich model. Desorption from the 200‐mg L−1 set at constant pH by 10 24‐h extractions with 0.01 M CaCl2 recovered 43 to 98% of the added tylosin A, and further desorption with methanol increased recovery from 66 to 100%. Single‐point distribution coefficient, KD, as a function of pH from 4 to 9 in 0.01 M CaCl2 exhibited maxima from pH 6 to 7, reflecting increasing sorption of the positively charged form with increasing pH up to about the pKa. The data were well described, modeling pH‐dependent negative charge according to Henderson–Hasselbalch along with tylosin speciation. Using soil from which organic matter had been removed by H2O2 gave three to six times greater KD at pH 6 to 7, but without or with reduced maxima. The data could be approximately described without invoking pH‐dependent surface charge. Further study is needed to confirm whether an increase in soil organic matter with poultry waste application decreases tylosin sorption, thus increasing environmental risk.

Core Ideas

Sorption is pH dependent and desorption is partly irreversible.

Sorption exhibits a local maximum in pH 6 to 7.

Removal of soil organic matter greatly increases sorption.
Phosphorus Limits Nitrogen Dynamics in the O Horizon of a Forested Watershed in Maine, USA
Authors: Salvino Cayce J. , Patel Kaizad F. , Fernandez Ivan J. , Gruselle Marie‐Cécile , Tatariw Corianne , MacRae Jean D.
Published: August 2019

Anthropogenic emissions have altered the N status of forests in the northeastern United States, highlighting the importance of our imperfect understanding of the interaction between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in response to atmospheric N deposition. We investigated soil N and P dynamics at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), a long‐term paired watershed experiment established to study ecosystem response to experimental N enrichment. One watershed (West Bear [WB]) was treated bimonthly for 25 yr with ammonium sulfate, and the reference East Bear (EB) received only ambient N deposition. We conducted field and laboratory studies to examine the interaction between N and P in O horizon soils in both EB and WB. In the “Field Addition” study, an addition of 100 kg P ha−1 resulted in an overall 38% decrease in extractable ammonium (NH4+–N) due to increased immobilization. Even under ambient N deposition rates, EB displayed parallel, although lower, evidence of P limitation compared with WB. In contrast, in the “Laboratory Addition” study, soils incubated in the laboratory at rates of 0 to 200 kg P ha−1 showed increases in potential net N mineralization (PNNM) and NH4+–N concentrations in response to P additions. There was no effect of N status in the Laboratory Addition study, but hardwood soils showed a faster response and greater rates of PNNM compared with softwood soils. Despite contrasting responses, both the field and laboratory studies suggested that N dynamics at BBWM were P limited and that N status and forest type influenced the N and P interaction.

Core Ideas

N transformations in Maine's forest soils are P limited.

P limitation is greater in N‐enriched soils.

Hardwood soils show greater response to P additions than softwood soils.
Soil CO2 and O2 Concentrations Illuminate the Relative Importance of Weathering and Respiration to Seasonal Soil Gas Fluctuations
Authors: Hodges Caitlin , Kim Hyojin , Brantley Susan L. , Kaye Jason
Published: August 2019

Soil CO2 and O2 cycles are coupled in some processes (e.g., respiration) but uncoupled in others (e.g., silicate weathering). One benchmark for interpreting soil biogeochemical processes affected by soil pCO2 and pO2 is to calculate the apparent respiratory quotient (ARQ). When aerobic respiration and diffusion are the dominant controls on gas concentrations, ARQ equals 1; ARQ deviates from 1 when other processes dominate soil CO2 and O2 chemistry. Here, we used ARQ to understand lithologic, hillslope, and seasonal controls on soil gases at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania. We measured soil pCO2 and pO2 at three depths from the soil surface to bedrock across catenas in one shale and one sandstone watershed over three growing seasons. We found that both parent lithology and hillslope position significantly affect soil gas concentrations and ARQ. Soil pCO2 was highest (>5%) and pO2 was lowest (<16%) in the valley floors. Controlling for depth, pCO2 was higher and pO2 was lower across all sites in the sandstone watershed. We attribute this pattern to higher macroporosity in sandstone lithologies, which results in greater root respiration at depth. We recorded seasonal variation in ARQ at all sites, with ARQ rising above 1 during July through September, and dipping below 1 in the early spring. We hypothesize that this seasonal fluctuation arises from anaerobic respiration in reducing microsites July through September when the soils are wet and demand for O2 is high, followed by oxidation of reduced species when the soils drain and re‐oxygenate. We estimate that this anaerobic respiration in microsites contributes 36 g C m−2 yr−1 to the soil C flux. Our results provide evidence for a conceptual model of metal cycling in temperate watersheds and point to the importance of anaerobic respiration to the carbon flux from forest soils.

Core Ideas

Hillslope position and lithology affect soil CO2 and O2 in humid temperate forests.

The ratio of CO2 and O2 (ARQ) fluctuates over the growing season.

The ARQ fluctuations indicate seasonal metal redox cycling at all hillslope positions.

Anaerobic respiration is important to soil CO2 flux during the late growing season.
Soil Biological Response to Integration of Cover Crops and Nitrogen Rates in a Conservation Tillage Corn Production System
Authors: Sanchez Ina I. , Fultz Lisa M. , Lofton Josh , Haggard Beatrix
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Use of N‐fertilizers decreased AMF populations and P, Ca, and Mg concentrations.

Conservation tillage and cover crops increased C, N, and S cycling enzymes.

Grass and brassica cover crops increased microbial populations compared to legumes.

Agricultural production in the US Mid‐South has relied on frequent tillage and synthetic fertilizers decreasing soil health and system sustainability. Conservation tillage and cover crops can fill a vital role in reducing soil erosion while improving ecosystem functions. Seven cover crop blocks, including four legumes (berseem clover [Trifolium alexandrinum], crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.], winter pea [Pisium sativum L.], and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth], three grass & brassica (cereal rye [Secale cereale], forage radish [Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus], and a cereal rye–forage radish mix), and one fallow control were established in northeast Louisiana to examine the influence of cover crop and urea fertilizer application rates (0, 235, 268, 302 kg N ha−1) on corn production and soil health under conservation tillage. Soil health indicators were measured each year following corn harvest and cover crop termination. The combination of cover crops and conservation tillage increased C and N enzyme activity over the 2 yr while arylsulfatase increased in the spring following cover crop termination only. Relative abundance of saprophytic fungi tended to be higher in legume plots compared to grass & brassica treatments. Overall, the application of N fertilizer at rates of 235 kg N ha−1 or higher decreased populations of AMF and concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg, but increased populations of Gram‐positive bacteria. The use of grass & brassica cover crops promoted K, S, Ca, and Mg availability, and supported greater abundance of total FAMEs and all FAME biomarkers except for saprophytic fungi.
Evaluating customer perceived value of housing based on location factor and economic value
Authors: Siahaan Elisabet , Amalia Fachrudin Khaira , Linda Leonita Sibarani Magdalena , Muda Iskandar
Published: August 2019

This study seeks to evaluate customer perceived value in housing in order to increase the construction of housing value from the consumer’s point of view. A total of 240 houseowners in the middle to upper housings in Medan city, Indonesia, participated in this study. The data analysis used in this study is the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results indicate that the perception of consumer value is strongly influenced by the economic value of the housing and the location function of the housing. Housing offered should be able to meet the needs of consumers and has the good mobility and accessibility. The emphasis that needs to be put in encouraging the perception of consumer value is the ability of the product in general, namely housing units in answering the needs of consumers.
Evaluating the effect of self-interference on the performance of full-duplex two-way relaying communication with energy harvesting
Authors: Huu Phong Nguyen- , Van Khuong Ho- , Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the throughput and outage probability (OP) of two-way relaying (TWR) communication system with energy harvesting (EH). The system model consists two source nodes and a relay node which operates in full-duplex (FD) mode. The effect of self-interference (SI) due to the FD operation on the system performance is evaluated for both one-way full duplex (OWFD) and two-way full duplex (TWFD) diagrams where the amplify-and-forward (AF) relay node collects energy harvesting with the time switching (TS) scheme. We first propose an individual OP expression for each specific source. Then, we derive the exact closed-form overall OP expression for the OWFD diagram. For the TWFD diagram, we propose an approximate closed-form expression for the overall OP. The overall OP comparison among hybrid systems (Two-Way Half-Duplex (TWHD), OWFD, TWFD) are also discussed.  Finally, the numerical/simulated results are presented for Rayleigh fading channels to demonstrate the correction of the proposed analysis.
AS CONCEPÇÕES E CONTROVÉRSIAS DA FORMAÇÃO INTEGRADA: A ORIENTAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL COMO POSSÍVEL INTEGRADORA DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA E O MUNDO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Brandielli Maran Zelia Magalli , PAIXAO MARCIA VALERIA
Published: August 2019

Diversas mudanças socioeconômicas na história do nosso país influenciam diretamente a relação trabalho versus educação. A busca de alterações e adequações para atender a demanda capitalista e prover mão-de-obra necessária de acordo com a economia e o momento histórico vivenciado continua refletindo na formatação do contexto educacional. A formação integrada vem se modificando de acordo com estas exigências impostas pelo estado e, ao contrário do que se espera, pouco tem evoluído em suas concepções enquanto um modelo de educação omnilateral, de qualidade e para todos. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo verificar se a Orientação Profissional pode contribuir para o processo de formação omnilateral dos estudantes da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT), ampliando a crítica do aluno em relação as suas escolhas pessoais e profissionais. Por meio de uma revisão bibilográfica, busca-se uma reflexão crítica sobre as concepções e controvérsias da educação profissional e tecnológica no que se refere à preparação e inserção de jovens no mundo do trabalho, investigando a importância da orientação profissional nos currículos escolares e tendo como primeiros resultados o apontamento da orientação vocacional como possível ferramenta de facilitação da transição entre a educação e o mundo do trabalho a partir da instrumentalização das escolhas e da construção da identidade profissional, viabilizando uma formação integrada e a emancipação profissional, atendendo as concepções e diretrizes da EPT.
Çukurova Üniversitesi’nde Ölçülen Güneş Işınım Verileri Analizi
Authors: EMRAHOĞLU Nuri , YEĞİNGİL İlhami
Published: August 2019

Adana, güneş enerjisi nedeniyle çok uygun bir bölgede (Boy=35o 18 'E, Enl = 36o 59' N, Yük=130 m) yer almaktadır. Bölgede yapılması düşünülen yatırımlar için atmosferik koşulların her zaman sabit olmaması nedeniyle güneş enerjisi ve meteorolojik ölçümlerin düzenli olarak yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.   Bu çalışmada, Çukurova Üniversitesi Uzay Bilimleri ve Güneş Enerjisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkez’inde (UZAYMER) piranometre ile alınan anlık veriler FORTRAN 77 program diliyle hazırlanan programla analiz edilmiştir. Bu programla, saniyelik olarak alınan verilerden saatlik ve günlük veri setleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu veri setlerinden aylık, yıllık ve yüzdelik ışınım değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Atmosfer dışı ışınım enerjisi değerleri kullanılarak, günlük verilerden Adana’nın bulutsuzluk değerleri elde edilmiştir.  Çalışma iki kısımdan oluşmuştur. Birinci kısım 1978-1982 yılları arasında alınan verilerin, ikincisi ise karşılaştırma yapılmak amacıyla 2017 yılında alınan verilerin analizidir. 1978-1982 yılları arasında Adana’da yıllık ortalama güneş enerjisi değeri 5745,1 MJ/m2 ve ortalama günlük toplam ışınım 15,74 MJ/m2-gün olarak belirlenmiştir. En az enerji Ocak ayında 6,84 MJ/m2-gün, en fazla güneş enerjisi ise 25,42 MJ/m2-gün ile Haziran ayında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2017’de alınan verilerin sonucunda ise yıllık ortalama günlük güneş enerjisi 17,75 MJ/m2-gün, yıllık ortalama güneş enerjisi ise 6479,99 MJ/m2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. En fazla güneş enerjisi 29,25 MJ/m2-gün ile Temmuz, en az ise 6,24 MJ/m2-gün aralık ayı olarak belirlenmiştir.  Ayrıca çalışmada, 1978-1982 ve 2017 verilerinden, bulutsuzluk indeksi de belirlenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu sonuca göre Kt<0,34 değeri için bölgenin bulutlu, 0,34≤Kt≤0,64 değerleri arasında ise kısmen bulutlu, Kt>0,64 değeri için ise havanın açık olduğu kabul edilmiştir. 1978-1982 dönemi için en bulutlu ay Şubat en açık ay ise Eylül olarak belirlenmiştir. 2017 verilerine göre de en bulutlu ay Şubat, en açık ay ise Temmuz ve ekim olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılacak yatırımlar için bu değerlerin yol gösterici niteliğinde olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Fronteras: Espacios de sociabilidad en la Santa Marta de mediados del XVIII en Colombia
Authors: Luquetta Cediel David J.
Published: August 2019

El proceso de establecimiento de fronteras fijas en territorios sin dominio político estable por parte de un Estado, en este caso el Estado Monárquico, antes que ordenar el territorio produce un fenómeno totalmente distinto. La creación de sociedades mestizas, en el norte de lo que hoy es Colombia, es un proceso que encuentra sus raíces en la implementación de las Reformas Borbónicas a mediados del XVIII por parte de los agentes de la Corona. Este artículo pretende reconocer y comprender los procesos que dieron paso al surgimiento de una sociedad autónoma en esta área de frontera.
O efeito do tempo de internação hospitalar sobre a saúde bucal
Authors: Lages Vinícius Aguiar , Moita Neto José Machado , Mello Patrícia Machado Veiga de Carvalho , Mendes Regina Ferraz , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo
Published: August 2019

Hospitalização; Tempo de internação; Higiene bucal; Integralidade em saúde.
Humanização em saúde e a odontologia
Authors: Carneiro Neto José Nunes , Cordeiro Técia Maria Santos Carneiro e , Falcão Michelle Miranda Lopes
Published: August 2019

Humanização da assistência; Padrão de cuidado; Odontologia.
Associação de fatores de risco cardiovascular e do estado nutricional sobre complicações no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Gardone Danielle Soares , Correa Márcia Mara , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Published: August 2019

Cirurgia cardíaca, Complicações pós-operatórias, Índice de massa corporal, Fatores de risco
Regimento da Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Saúde
Authors: Neto Ranulfo Gianordoli , De Carvalho Raquel Baroni
Published: August 2019

Editorial
Conhecimento dos acadêmicos de odontologia da Ufes sobre a necessidade de imunização
Authors: Silva Júnior Manoelito Ferreira Silva , Assis Rahyza Inácio Freire de , Sousa Hedilberto Araújo de , Miclos Paula Vitali , Gomes Maria José
Published: August 2019

Imunização; Vacinação; Riscos ocupacionais; Hepatite B; Tétano.
Filtros de imagem em radiografia digital
Authors: De-Azevedo-Vaz Sergio Lins , Rovaris Karla , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores , Haiter-Neto Francisco
Published: August 2019

Radiografia dentária; Radiografia dentária digital; Intensificaçãode imagem radiográfica.
Avaliação nutricional pré-operatória de pacientes obesos acompanhados em hospital de referência do SUS
Authors: De Angeli Luisa Agrizzi , Falqueto Loraine Entringer , Perim Lara Pignaton , Lorenzoni Gisele Dazzi , Ribeiro Santos Marta de Aguiar , Guzzo Mariana Furieri
Published: August 2019

Preoperative nutritional assessment of obese patients accompanied in public hospital
Perfil do aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores determinantes do desmame precoce em município do semi-árido da Região Nordeste
Authors: Leal Adailton Bezerra , Sousa Artemizia Francisca de , Florentino Edinara Conrado Lopes , Silva Leidiany Ramos Brito , Menezes Camila Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Aleitamento materno, desmame, lactente.
Assistência de enfermagem à criança com dor: avaliação e intervenções da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Azevedo Dulcian Medeiros de , Nascimento Valmir Medeiros do , Azevedo Isabelle Campos de , Cavalcanti Rosangela Diniz , Sales Linda Kátia Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Criança Hospitalizada; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Dor; Equipe de Enfermagem; Saúde da Criança.
In-Vitro Anti-Proliferative, Apoptotic and Antioxidative Activities of Medicinal Herb Kalonji (Nigella sativa)
Authors: Maqbool Tahir , Awan Sana J. , Malik Sabeen , Hadi Faheem , Shehzadi Somia , Tariq Kanza
Published: August 2019

Background:

Natural product with apoptotic activity could serve as a potential new source
for anti-cancer medicine. Numerous phytochemicals from plants have shown to exert antineoplastic effects
via programmed cell death (apoptosis). Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in prosperous
countries. The subject study was intended to evaluate the anticancer properties of Kalonji extracts
against cancer cell lines HeLa and HepG2 and normal cell lines BHK and VERO were used as normal
controls.

Materials & Methods:

For the evaluation of anti-proliferative effects, cell viability and cell death in all
groups of cells were evaluated via MTT, crystal violet and trypan blue assays. For the evaluation of
angiogenesis, Immunocytochemistry and ELISA of VEGF were done. Immunocytochemistry and
ELISA of Annexin-V and p53 were performed for the estimation of apoptosis in all groups of cells.
Furthermore, LDH assay, antioxidant enzymes activity (GSH, APOX, CAT and SOD) and RT-PCR
with proliferative and apoptotic markers along with internal control were also performed. Cancer cells
of both cell lines HepG2 and HeLa cells showed reduced viability, angiogenesis and proliferation with
increased apoptosis when treated with Kalonji extracts. Whereas anti-oxidative enzymes show enhanced
levels in treated cancer cells as compared to untreated ones.

Conclusion:

It was observed that Kalonji extracts have the ability to induce apoptosis and improve the
antioxidant status of HeLa and HepG2 cells. They can also inhibit the proliferation and angiogenesis in
both these cancer cell lines.
Targeting Clusterin Induces Apoptosis, Reduces Growth Ability and Invasion and Mediates Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Human Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Yu Ying , Zang Lingna , Zhang Peng , Ma Jinfeng , Chen Dong
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of sCLU in relation to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with untreated High-Grade Osteosarcoma (HGOS) and to evaluate sCLU as a target for osteosarcoma (OS) therapies.

Methods:

The expression of sCLU in 98 patients of HGOS enrolled from April 2005 to March 2015 at the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The sCLU expression, clinical data and survival were compared. siRNA-mediated sCLU gene silencing on cell apoptosis, viability, invasion and chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in U2OS cells in vitro was evaluated.

Results:

sCLU expression was found in 59 (60%) of the 98 patients. A positive correlation was observed between sCLU expression and metastatic disease (P = 0.036) and a negative correlation between sCLU expression and response to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). Targeting sCLU expression in U2OS cells induced significant reduction in cellular growth and higher rates of spontaneous endogenous apoptosis. In addition, targeting sCLU expression inhibited the invasion of U2OS cells. Furthermore, targeting sCLU expression significantly sensitized to chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin.

Conclusions:

The overexpression of sCLU was significantly correlated with metastasis and chemosensitivity in patients with HGOS. sCLU may be a promising therapeutic or chemopreventive target for human OS treatment.
Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers in Heart Failure
Authors: Singh Khuraijam Dhanachandra , Karnik Sadashiva S.
Published: August 2019

Homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is maintained by physiological functions of the
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS). In pathophysiological conditions, over activation of
RAAS leads to an increase in the concentration of Angiotensin II (AngII) and over activation of Angiotensin
Type 1 Receptor (AT1R), resulting in vasoconstriction, sodium retention and change in
myocyte growth. It causes cardiac remodeling in the heart which results in left ventricular hypertrophy,
dilation and dysfunction, eventually leading to Heart Failure (HF). Inhibition of RAAS using angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has shown to
significantly reduce morbidity and mortality due to HF. ACEi have been shown to have higher drug
withdrawal rates due to discomfort when compared to ARBs; therefore, ARBs are the preferred choice
of physicians for the treatment of HF in combination with other anti-hypertensive agents. Currently,
eight ARBs have been approved by FDA and are clinically used. Even though they bind to the same
site of AT1R displacing AngII binding but clinical outcomes are significantly different. In this review,
we described the clinical significance of each ARB in the treatment of HF and their clinical outcome.
Gastric Dystemperament (Sue-mizaj) in Iranian Traditional Medicine
Authors: Parsa Elham , Khodadoost Mahmood , Mokaberinejad Roshanak , Mojahedi Morteza , Shirbeigi Laila , Zareiyan Armin , Chaichi-Raghimi Mahshid
Published: August 2019

Background:

The stomach plays a vital role in the human body. Its clinical problems are
very prevalent.

:

Nowadays, new branches of science have emerged because of human individual differences. Many
medical schools such as Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) established the basis for the prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment based on individual differences.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to summarize identification indices of Gastric Dystemperament
to help in better diagnosis.

Methods:

This was a qualitative review study. Definitions and symptoms of Stomach Dystemperament
were derived from reliable sources of ITM from 900 AD to 1900 AD (Kamil-al-sinaa al
Tibbiya, Teb-e-Akbari, Exir Azam, Al-Qanun fi al tibb, Mansouri Fi-al-teb, Al-Havi, Zakhire
Kharazmshahi, Hidayat al-Muta’allemin fi al-tibb, Ferdos al-Hekmat fi al-tib, Sharh Al Qurashi
al-Qanun, Sharh-e asbab al-Alamat) and English and Persian indices.

Results:

The most important factors and symptoms to be considered as gastric dystemperament include
digestion, thirst, appetite, belching, bloating, gastric emptying time, burning stomach, reflux,
gastric pain, the effect of food quality (coldness, heat, wet, dryness), mouth moisture and taste,
tongue and mouth status, quality of body waste material (urine, stool), and palpation of the stomach
area.

Conclusion:

Iranian Traditional Medicine sources have mentioned the indicators of gastric dystemperament,
which can be used for more effective diagnosis and treatment and even prevention of gastric
diseases.