bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cow mastitis and detect some virulence factor using specific genetic marker
Authors: jabbar sekhi Rabab
Published: June 2024

This study performed to investigate distribution tox A و exo S gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from milk in cows with mastitis using PCR technique.
82 sample from cow wound suffer from different region of Thi Qar city contaminated from period 12 july 2017-february 2018, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated using cultured, microscopically and biochemical characteristics. The result showed that 35 isolate blong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa these tested for their antibiotic sensitivity the isolate showed (100%) resistance to Ampicillin, oxacillin and (71.42%,57.14%,37.14%) resisitant to cefotamine, impenem, ticarcillin) respectively. The ability of isolate to produce virulence factor also tested all isolate showed the ability to produce Haemolysin, phospholipase and only 54.28% of isolate can produce lecithinase and only 34.28% can produce alkaline protease.
PCR results showed that all 35(100 %) Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found carry the virulence gene TxoA and 19 (54.23%) found carry the virulence gene ExoS.
Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Sensors: A review
Authors: Kadhim zaid Auhood , Mezhr Merdas Samia , M. kareem Zainab
Published: June 2024

Conducting polymers (CPs) have drawn considerable attention because of their economical importance, good environmental stability and electrical conductivity as well as due to their useful mechanical, optical and electronic properties. The present review describes the salient features of conducting polymers as biosensors and chemical sensors (Thermal sensors, Mass sensors, Electrochemical sensors, Optical sensors), their concepts, construction, working, types importance and applications.
ARABIC LETTERS RECOGNITION by ADOPTING MODIFIED THRESHOLD and CORRELATION APPROACH
Authors: Hamid Saleh Ahmed
Published: June 2024

The letters form a front face that can be recognition as a transformative process that transforms the paper document into a fully editable form. The explanatory necessity because of the urgent need associated with the work of the computer, which is based on the processing of the data, shortens the time and limits it based on the accuracy and speed of completion of the computer work as well as clarity by the user.This paper suggests a new method of letter recognition based on modified the technique of threshold and correlation coefficient, which marks the process of recognition between the 28 letters and letters of the Arabic language. The results obtained in the applied process on the set of these characters in various and multiple sizes(volume letter) (24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 38, 40, 45, 50) and multiple lines (Simplified Arabic, Arial, Traditional Arabic, Tahoma), which effect obtaining high scores when calculating the recognetion ratio of 99.70, this method has the flexibility and speed of other methods used to process this process.
Home Intrusion Detection System Based on IoT Technique
Authors: M. Salman Hussein
Published: June 2024

One of high technologies emerged in last decade is as called the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT means the interconnection among devices to each other and to humans via the networks and internet. More that the communication science over this technique to the “ Thing-to-Thing”. The last provide many abilities in the surveillance and security, especially in the indoor systems as homes, and markets.The intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of the challenges of IoT techniques. To achieve strong IDS inside the home, there are number of methods as an using the CCTV camera. The CCTV camera system has disadvantages as expensive and not efficiency.This paper introduces a system for the Home Intrusion Detection System depending on the IoT techniques. The proposed method used PIR sensor and NodeMCU ESP8266 to detect the motion of intrusion, and link with the internet via IFTTT server. The system benefits and familiar for humans who like to secure life and accessibility. In addition, the system is very easily used for all peoples
An Image Watermarking Technique Proposed Based on Discrete Cosine Transformation and Pseudo-Random Generator
Authors: Shakir Baawi Salwa , Mahdi Hashim Khadhim , Kamil Hilal Bushra
Published: June 2024

The proposed technique to embed an image watermark in a host image depends on the discrete cosine transform and the Geffe algorithm in this search. The proposed algorithm uses the Geffe algorithm for encryption of the watermark. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients are then computed by dividing the host image into non-overlapped 8x8 blocks. The performance evaluation of the suggested technique was conducted using the peak signal-to-noise ratio for watermark 64x64 and 512x512 host images: Lena, Cameraman, and Pepper images give similar results. This technique does not require a host image in the watermark extraction process, then also watermark is extracted completely and better than its counterparts available
Effect of Some Heavy Metals on Germination and Growth of Zea mays L
Authors: Muhson Athbi Ahmed , Zeban Manshad Seham , Radhi Addai Zuhair
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heavy metals on germination and growth of Zea mays. Six concentrations (2,0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0) mMol/ L of heavy elements, nickel, lead and cadmium were used. Germination and length of shoot and root system, as well as the fresh and dry weights of shoot and root for Zea mays. The results showed that the high concentrations of nickel and cadmium elements caused a significant reduction in the percentages of germination compared to the element of lead. Also, the high concentrations of heavy elements caused a reduction in both the length of shoot and root, fresh and dry weights for them, and the effect of lead was less than that of nickel and cadmium elements for all treatments.
“A review of classifications of enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrodes-based nano-carbon for detection of glucose”
Authors: Al-Graiti Wed
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the number of people having diabetes mellitus is steadily increasing in countries known by low and middle income. Millions of them have been diagnosed with high blood sugar. Diabetes mellitus is related to irregular carbohydrates metabolism with difficulty managing blood glucose which by the time leads to serious damage to nervous system or even macrovascular, or blood vessels. Therefore, the demand for advanced devices for glucose monitoring is highly growing. A bio-sensor is a signal detecting device generated from reactions either biological or chemical. They can be used for many purposes, for example, detection of biological molecules using in vitro and in vivo samples. Electrochemical sensors represent one of the technologies could be used for this purpose. It shows high sensitivity and mechanical strength while utilizing in physiological conditions which is a promising advantage for glucose determination. The aim of current study is to review electrodes generations for glucose detection, as well as, commonly prepared and investigated electrochemical electrodes for glucose determination. In addition, types of glucose electrodes have been mentioned here based carbon nanotubes and/or graphene as excellently conductive, stable, reproducible, and sensitive materials. The aim of current study is listing and discussing the progression of glucose generations as well as the development of glucose sensors in recent years. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic nanocarbon sensors were mainly studies and classified as glucose sensors also explained with further details regarding limit of detection
[Poly(Thiourea-Formaldehyde) - Epoxy resin)] Nanomagnetic Full -IPN's for Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution : Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Sh.Al,luaibi Salah , Mezhr Merdas Samia , Hassan Guzar Sajid
Published: June 2024

In this work, a batch adsorption study was conducted to investigate the removal efficiency of lead (II), Copper (II) and Cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions by (poly (thiourea-Formaldehyde-Epoxy resin) nanomagnetic Full-IPN's (NM Full-IPN's). The NM Full-IPN's was synthesized by sequential polymerization with presence Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The chemical structure and surface morphology of NM Full-IPNS resin nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical structure and surface morphology of NM Full-IPNS resin nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal properties of (NM Full- IPN's) has been evaluated by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC). Adsorption of Pb (II), Cu(lI) and Cd(II) onto NM Full- IPN's agreed well with the Langmuir model, as revealed by the higher values of correlation coefficients. The results indicate that NM Full- IPN's could be used as efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II), Cu(lI) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution
Detection of Image Tempering: Conventional and Deep Learning-based Techniques
Authors: Da. Khallaf Hassin , Da. Khallaf Hassin , Hanon Alasadi1,2 Abbas
Published: June 2024

In light of the cumulative use of digital images in a wide range of apps, as well as the accessibility ofimage manipulation software, detecting image alteration has become a difficult task. The copy-movetechnique is the most commonly used sort of picture counterfeiting. A portion of an image is duplicatedand manipulated in various ways. Handcrafted qualities are commonly used in the identification ofpicture forgery and counterfeiting. It has always been a difficulty with earlier photo reproductiondetection systems that they would rather only detect a specific type of tampering if they are aware ofspecific image features. Deep learning is currently being used to detect image alteration, which is abreakthrough. These strategies were even more efficient than prior methods since they were able toextract complex images from them. The purpose of this work is to teach you about deep learning-basedpicture forgery detection methods, why they function, and how they can be improved upon. In addition,you will learn about publicly available image forgery datasets.
Comparative Study for News Categorization by Multinomial Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Farawn Ogaib Melad , Mahdi Hashim Kadhim
Published: June 2024

Online news is published in very large numbers, searches take a long time, and because of this hugenumber of news articles that include different genres (such as politics, sports, business, entertainment,technology, health, economics, real estate, art, etc) it will be difficult for users to access the importantnews that It suits their inclinations and desires. In this paper, the news group of BBC News is categorizedinto five categories, including (sports, business, politics, entertainment and technology). The objective ofis to classify news into its own category to help users quickly and easily access relevant news withoutwasting any time through classification methods that use machine learning algorithms. The classificationalgorithms Multinomial Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine were applied to the news data set afterextracting the features from it using count vectorizer method and TF-IDF vectorizer. SVM algorithm hasproven superiority over MNB in count vectorizer with an accuracy 99.1% and TF-IDF vectorizer withan accuracy 98.2%.
Assessment of Turbulence Characteristics for the Baghdad city
Authors: Admin  , A. Al-Tameemi Muthanna
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) value was estimated and calculated as animportant indicator of turbulence. The directional distribution of the TKE value was observed fordifferent directions of the location. The relationship between variables of different turbulentcharacteristics (e.g. Turbulence for horizontal wind velocity, Horizontal Momentum Flux MF, airtemperature and density) and kinetic energy induced by horizontal wind turbulence, has been tested. Andfinding a mathematical formula describing this relationship.The data recording process in the city of Baghdad continued for a whole month from 1/7/2016 to31/7/2016 using fast-response wind velocity measuring instruments. The records included the threecomponents of wind velocity (u, v, w) and temperature and sound speed, recorded observations of thetimes 3: 00.6: 00.9: 00.12: According to local time Baghdad. Also, air pressure was recorded on hourlybasis for the same day through the automatic weather station (Davis vantage pro 2).
Saving energy of the biosensor nodes in WBSN by using Relay nodes using the saving Energy
Authors: Admin  , Lafta Madlool Wisam , ALShaheen Hisham
Published: June 2024

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) refers to a network on the human body. The energy consumptionof biosensor nodes affects the performance of wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). Vital nodes canbe implanted or worn in the patient's body and vital signs monitored. A new design of a mathematicalmodel for calculating the energy consumption of the front and rear WBSN of the human body isproposed. It was developed to enhance wireless body networks. Energy savings for biosensor nodes inWBSN is achieved by adding relay nodes to WBSN. The energy saved is calculated based on theapproach proposed in this paper. This technique is the relationship between the biosensor nodes, the relaynodes, and the pelvis nodes on the front side of the body and on the back of the body. The performance ofa wireless body area network, which uses relay nodes to reduce power consumption, has been studied. Anew mathematical model is presented to provide energy consumption for the biosensor nodes. Aftertesting this model, it was found that the percentage of energy consumption for the sensor nodes wasreduced by up to 72%, which proves the efficiency of the model. The test was done with (MATLAB2021B).
Enhanced Machine Learning model for Student Academic Performance Prediction using Genetic algorithm and compare with CNN model
Authors: Kaseb Layus Shaymaa
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a comparison between various machine learning algorithms for prediction of studentacademic performance has been achieved. Students’ data is being acquired many resources such as elearningresources, online and virtual courses and institutional technology. Many researches might use thecollected data to find out and comprehend students’ behaviors toward learning. The obtained data need tobe preprocessed then used to build prediction model. The achieved models are Support Vector Machine(SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with accuracies 99.99 %, 100 % and99.99 % respectively. Genetic algorithm was used to adapt parameters of the algorithms to give bestaccuracy. OULAD dataset was used for validation. Results showed that these algorithms are sufficient forprediction of student academic performance and CNN is not needed for this purpose.
A Simple Model to Estimate Actual Evaporation for Iraq Based on Satellite Data
Authors: G. Mutar Aqeel , Abbas Mohammed Nagam
Published: June 2024

The hydrological cycle plays a key role in life on our planet. It is closely related with exchanges ofenergy between Earth's surface and the atmosphere, which ultimately determines the climate the purposeof this study is to apply a statistical model in order to estimate and calculate Actual evaporation for Iraqin 1984-2010 based on Precipitable Water Vapor Data from Satellites. We calculated the water cycle ratefor this purpose using satellite data, and we used data from the Planet Simulator model to determine theprecipitation/evaporation relationship during a 10-year period. The relative error in estimating theevaporation rate using the model does not exceed 2.1%. Results showed that the actual evaporation in1983-2009 for Iraq ranging between (0.5 - 2.4) mm/day as a monthly average and (0.79-1.43) mm/day asyearly average. and the actual evaporation decrease in the last years.
Fabricated and characterization of Gold nanoparticles using DC sputtering technique
Authors: A. Jabbar Zahraa , Jabbar Ghazai2 Alaa
Published: June 2024

current (DC) sputtering at optimal deposition times for antibacterial applications have been studied. X-raydiffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images,as well as optical spectroscopy, have been used to characterize of (Au) nanoparticles. The crystallinestructure of gold nanoparticle was determined using an XRD pattern which was cubic phase andpolycrystalline.structure. The effect of deposition on the morphology of deposited films was visualizedusing a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the roughness, and surface quality, as shown byAFM results. UV-visible reflection spectroscopy was also used to investigate the optical properties of thinfilms.
COVID-19 Vaccines and therapeutics
Authors: Yahya Kraidi Samara , Azhar Razzaq1 Safa
Published: June 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first appeared inWuhan, China, gave rise to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious andpathogenic viral infection. COVID-19 is not currently being treated with a specific therapy. Remdesivir isthe first medication to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19.However, numerous alternative therapy modalities are being looked for as COVID-19 therapies. As partof this review, we discussed the development of various drugs, their mechanism of action, and how theymight be applied to different cases of COVID-19 patients. This review also offers an update on thedevelopment of novel COVID-19 preventive or therapeutic vaccines. We aimed to include the mostrecent published data from phase III trials about various COVID-19 vaccines and include clinical datamade available on networks or peer-reviewed journals in addition to vaccines approved by the Food andDrug Administration (FDA) or The World Health Organization (WHO).
Some Results Topoi by Topological Groupoids
Authors: Mohammed Ali Seemaa , Majeed Taghreed
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we discuss the action for topological groupoids. In our work, some definitions andpropositions are introduced and in addition to the basic construction of topological groupoid which areneeded and we studied the different properties of categories and the properties of topological groupoid,and we define concepts such as topos, , functor and sheave.
Effective of Renyi Entropy in Markov Basis for Independent Model
Authors: Ali Talib Mohammed Ali Talib Mohammed , Jalil Mohammed Maysaa
Published: June 2024

The general concept of algebraic statistics is to employ algebra tools to provide a better view of thestructure of statistical problems and to contribute to finding solutions. The algebraic and statisticalmixture represented by the method of Markov basis for the independent model (MBIM) on thecontingency table is considered highly efficient to study and analyze the target problem which isRheumatoid arthritis. The verification of the proposed method is carried out by taking advantage of theeffect of the entropy property by using the law of Renyi entropy to show which of the alternate matricesthat exist within the fiber elements are more independent than others
A Review of Continuous and Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methodfor Differential Equations
Authors: Waleed AbdulRidha Mohammed , K. Al-Jaberi Ahmed
Published: June 2024

This study is a review of both the continuous Galerkin finite element method (CGFEM)and thediscontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM).A group of the most important research over thelast 13 years has been compared to both methods and their historical development, as well as comparingthe advantages and disadvantages of both methods.This review is aimed at determining the best and mostefficient method to solve complex problems in the future.
The Relationship between Serum Concentration of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones with Breast Cancer in Iraqi Women
Authors: R. Al-Lami Mohammed , S. Al-Fartusie Falah , SH. Zageer Dheaa
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common types of cancer among women. Based on international organizations, hundreds of women die from this disease each year around the world. Most common risk factors of BC in women are hormone-related pathway. Some cases of BC show an increase in the level of steroid-receptor protein in the breast tissue, these cases of cancers are called hormone dependent. In the other hand, a clear relationship between high level of thyroid hormone and BC has been reported in some studies. In this work, the relationship between steroid and thyroid hormones with BC was studied in Iraqi women who are diagnosed with BC and before starting any kind of therapy. Serum concentrations of steroid and thyroid hormones was measured using a fully automatic device. Blood samples were collected from 60 women affected with BC and 60 healthy women, those groups are dividing into two sub-groups; premenopausal and postmenopausal. The level of estrogen was increased significantly (p<0.05) in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal patients compared to controls, while, the level of testosterone was increased significantly in pre-menopausal patients and the increase in its level was non-significant (p>0.05) in postmenopausal patients compared with healthy. Furthermore, the increase in progesterone level was significant only in postmenopausal patient women. In addition, the differences in the T3 levels was non-significant between all women with BC and controls, while, the level of T4 was significantly increased in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women who are affected with BC and the level of TSH was reduced significantly just in post-menopausal patients. It can be concluded that hormonal disorders in women, especially estrogen, can lead to activation of BC cells
THE PROBLEM OF BEST ONE SIDED APPROXIMATION IN WEIGHTED
Authors: A. Al-Saphory Raheam , adnan Auad Alaa , A. Al-Hayani Abdullah
Published: June 2024

The aim objective of this article, we introduced the problem of one-sided approximation ofunbounded functions in weighted space
COVID19 – Brief review of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Aziz Mouhsen Saffa
Published: June 2024

In December 2019, a respiratory disease called COVID19 appeared in the city of Wuhan, China,and spread globally. This disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and constitutes thegreatest threat to public health in recent decades. Currently, it is vital to study this disease at amultidisciplinary level to find effective treatments, as well as to understand its development andimpact within human history. This review article focuses on recapitulating the information known todate about this virus, its origin, characteristics, and the strategies that various governments haveadopted in recent months
Calculation of Tidal Constituents Using a Numerical Model in the Shatt al-Arab River Estuary
Authors: Jassim Al-Fartusi Adel , Salim Abdullah Sadiq
Published: June 2024

To calculate the tidal constituents in the Shatt al-Arab River estuary and determine the natureof the dominant tides in the research area, a numerical model in one dimension using the Mike 11software package was created. After calibration and model verification, it was discovered that therewas a good match between the model's results and field measurements in terms of water dischargeand sea level rise.The model's findings revealed that the values for the key dominant constituents K1, O1, M2, andS2, are 0.3374, 0.2154, 0.4763, and 0.1434, respectively.Knowing the tidal regime in the study area, which turns out to be of a mixed type, semi-diurnaldominant, is made possible by studying the analysis of the main constituents
Synergistic Effect of ZnO NPs and salicylic acid on Chlorophyll a, b and Carotene content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) leaves
Authors: Hassan sabbar Fatima , Hassan Ali Faiq
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study economic feasibility of using available materials, inexpensive andenvironmentally friendly as fertilizers for wheat plants .also, Increasing wheat yield by improving theoverall vegetative and physiological characteristics. The experiment was for the wheat plantcultivars utilizing two types, IPA99 and Abograib. plants sprayed with three different concentrationsof ZnoNPs & SA (0, 50, 75, and100) ppm in three different Treatments,T1 foliar spraying SA , T2foliar spraying ZnoNPS , and T3 foliar spraying SA & ZnoNP. The results showed the best effect ofT3 at75 ppm on the Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and Carotene on IPA99 cultivar, on the other handT1 display better effect on Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and Carotene on both cultivars. while ,T3at 100 ppm show less effects on both cultivars compared to the other treatment.
Insulin resistance and the PC-1 gene sequence (ENPP1) (rs1044498) in people with Diabetes mellitus type- 2
Authors: _Hadi_Sabbar Nemat , Risan Mubarak Hassan
Published: June 2024

The research study was carried out between December and May 2023 at the BiotechnologyResearch Unit of Thi-Qar at Mazaya University College. the current study aimed to identify thegenetic polymorphisms of 120 samples to investigate the possible association of PC-1 genepolymorphism with the diabetes mellitus. The observed PCR amplicons were subjected to the DNAsequencing procedure. The discovered variants were then localized based on where they were locatedwithin the reference genomic DNA sequences. The recent findings showed that the samples underinvestigation had genetic variations that were unevenly distributed. Besides, the rs1044498,A248C,also the high frequency variant is usually detected in three polymorphic modes, AA, AC, CC.Homozygous AA pattern discovered in the majority of patients (62.5%) and normal specimens(60%). However, each observed SNP was taken a particular pattern of variation differ from its matein terms of the investigated samples. Ultimately, a statistical analysis is required to evaluate thepossible association of the SNPs is tested samples, with the diabetes mellitus. As a result, the PC1polymorphism was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in thecurrent investigation.
Securing Transactions Using Hybrid Cryptography in E-commerce Apps
Authors: Sabr Shyaa Ghanima , Al-Zubaidie*1 Mishall
Published: June 2024

The development of technology at the present time leads to an increase in the use of electroniccommerce due to the increase in demand processes, whether selling or buying goods, products,services, or payment requests, and that the transfer of information the merchants is sensitive andimportant information, and this information or operations may be subject to penetration or attacks. Inthis research, we designed a protocol that integrates the Fernet algorithm and the ElGamal algorithm,and we use the Data Leakage Detection Technology (DLD) to safeguard e-commerce transactiondata. This protocol provid high security for information, and the integration of algorithms provideshigh security and strong performance for information transactions that are difficult to hack. Weincorporate encryption algorithms to achieve a high level of security and performance. The proposedprotocol is higher in security and performance than the algorithms of previous studies.
Study the Numerical Taxonomy of the genera Albizia L. , Vigna L. and Vicia L. (Leguminosae) in Iraq
Authors: Ahmed kareem Rana
Published: June 2024

Emphasis was placed on studying the numerical classification of some genera of the Leguminosaefamily because of its great importance in the field of classification unit character is a characteristic orcharacteristic possessed by any object through which a particular situation can be described. Thus,the main objective of the numerical classification is clear, which is to prepare or provide an accurateclassification that contains the largest amount of information. The species under study have a highmedical and economic importance, as it was shown through the results of the research the extent ofsimilarity and difference between them from the tree diagram and the selected traits, as the highestpercentage of similarity between the two genus of vigna and Vicia reached 55%. And the Vicia of itfor the genus Albizia.
Theta Generalized Semi Weak Separation Axioms Mirvet Khalaf Hussein
Authors: Khalaf Hussein Mirvet
Published: June 2024

We study new types of generalized closed set called (
The Equivalence Between (QTA) of Lie Groups and Hom- Space with Tencer Product
Authors: Makki Kadhim Zinah , Hur Majeed Taghreed
Published: June 2024

Abstract:The primary purpose of this research is to work out a new action of Lie group through dual representation. In our paper we mention the basic definitions, we'll discuss the study of activity for Lie group upon Hom-space utilizing equivalence relationship between tensor product and Hom. Their measures will be studied on a structure consisting of four and five vector spaces. In the end we obtain new generalizations using action of dual representation for Lie group Ǥ.
Exploring Sequence Conservation and Functional Diversity in Beta- Galactosidase Enzymes: A Comparative Analysis of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Bacterial Species
Authors: H. Kareem Anaheed , H. Abdullah Mutaman , T. Abduladheem Ahmed , Tullah Zakary Sefa , Q. Basser Abdul , S. Shamsir Mohd
Published: June 2024

Abstract:The structural comparative analysis of β-Galactosidase in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Escherichia coli highlights its thermostable nature and potential industrial applications under extreme conditions. This study investigates the 3D structure of β-Galactosidase in the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and compares it with the mesophilic bacterium Escherichia coli. The aim is to highlight the distinct structural features of the thermostable β-Galactosidase in S. acidocaldarius, emphasizing its potential for industrial applications under extreme conditions. The absence of a known 3D structure for this enzyme in S. acidocaldarius prompted modeling efforts. The findings reveal significant structural differences, particularly in thermal stability, making S. acidocaldarius β-Galactosidase promising for applications in the dairy industry, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. This study underscores the importance of understanding extremophile enzymes' adaptability to extreme environments and their potential for biotechnological advancements. The comparative analysis lays the foundation for future research aimed at harnessing thermostable β- Galactosidase enzymes' unique properties, offering innovative possibilities across various industries.
The effect of diabetes on the development of skin lesions in patients in infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Thi-Qar province , Iraq.
Authors: K. Aouda Zainab , A. Mohammad Zainab , M. Mousa Hind
Published: June 2024

Abstract:Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is the most common form of Leishmaniasis, it affects the skin and cause a painless and chronic papule at the site of the infected sand fly bite. The current study amied to assess the associated-risk determinants for cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. The direct stain method used to diagnose the cutaneous leishmaniasis. Blood samples were collected form 45 confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients for the purpose of measuring HBA1C for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results of current study showed that 276 out of 315 (87.61%) were infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis by microscopic examination. Significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded in the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis according to patient sex and the infected males 65.21% more than infected females 34.78%. Eleven out of 45 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients were suffered from diabetes with prevalence 24.44%. A high association between diabetes and increase in the size of the skin lesions was recorded in current study, the prevalence of diabetic patients with large skin lesions 17.78% higher than the prevalence of diabetic patients with small skine lesions 6.67%, also an association between diabetes and increased the number of cutaneous skin lesions was reported. The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with diabetes who suffered from multiple skin lesions was 13.33% higher than the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with diabetes who had a single skin lesions 11.11% and an association between diabetes and non-response to treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients was recorded, the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with diabetes who did not respond to treatment was 15.56% higher than the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with diabetes who responded to treatment 8.89%. The results of current study demonstrated a significant relationship between diabetes and cutaneous leishmanasis in distinct risk determinants. Also, the study showed that the diabetes increased the severity of active cutaneous leihmaniasis.
Molecular Identification of lasB gene in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Jumaah alhussona Dr. Ali , Hussein Jalood Dr. Hayder
Published: June 2024

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting various body sites due to the presence of multiple virulence factors that significantly contribute to disease. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates, detect the frequency of the lasB gene in clinical isolates, furthermore analyze the genetic sequence and the resulting mutations.Materials and Methods: A total of 120 samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) during the period from November 2021 to March 2022. The specimens identified using microbiological and biochemical tests, as well as the VITEK2 system, and confirmed by PCR using specific primers. Gene sequence analysis was conducted by aligning the sequences with those in the gene bank using the Blast alignment program. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method.Results: Out of the 120 samples, 18 were positive for P. aeruginosa isolates. The infection rate was higher in females (88.8%) compared to males (11.2%). The highest resistance rate was observed for Levofloxacin (38%), while Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Meropenem showed the lowest resistance rates (11% each). The lasB gene was detected in all 18 isolates, and gene sequence analysis confirmed their identity as P. aeruginosa, matching the reference sequence in the gene bank. The gene sequence analysis of the lasB gene revealed the presence of five mutations, Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses several virulence factors, including the lasB gene. Sequencing analysis of the lasB gene revealed the presence of multiple mutations.
An Adaptive Traffic Light Control System Based On Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ali Hind , J. Hayawi D. Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Abstract:The phenomenon of traffic congestion is one of the most widespread phenomena in the world, especially in developed countries where the number of vehicles is increasing, which means that many traffic jams occur in the streets, especially at times when employees go to and from work, which is known as peak times and is concentrated usually in the early morning, and this gives a great feeling of annoyance and boredom as a result of wasting hours of time in the streets, and being late for work because of not being able to reach it at the appropriate time. Add to that a signal system traditional traffic, which played a prominent role in these bottlenecks, can no longer smooth management and organization of traffic, because it did not develop with the development of cities. From this point of view, studied and applied, a system based on image processing that uses the technology to detect objects in the image by removing impurities, and thus determining the traffic density based on the number of objects. In the picture, which represents the vehicles, the traffic lights were controlled depending on the traffic density on each road. The proposed system is implemented using MATLAB R2021 language, and for performance evaluation, classification accuracy is used as the evaluation metric. On traffic lots (MTID) the data set is frames of video recorded at 40000 (frames per second) FPS and taken by a drone. The Multi-view Traffic Intersection Dataset is used in the proposal system, it is available on "https://www.kaggle.com/datasets" . Categories: Bicycles, Cars, Buses, Trucks. To test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Three pre-trained networks (AlexNet, ResNet, and DenseNet) were implemented. Using the ResNet50 model resulted in a significant improvement in performance. In particular, the proposed system using ResNet50 achieves an accuracy average of 99.47% on the (MTID) datasets respectively.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination Levels of Street Dust in Nasiriyah city, Iraq
Authors: Hammed Hlail Shrrog
Published: June 2024

Abstract Heavy metal pollution in roadside soil fuel stations has been recognized for a long time of Nasiriyah city, south of Iraq. The study was conducted to examine the heavy metals content of three fuel stations in the nearby soil and control sample from rural area. The accumulation of heavy metals was tested, including the Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chrome (Cr) and Arsenic (As). Heavy metals were detected by using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr, and As in roadside soil was affected by fuel stations. Significant difference (p<0.05) in Pb, Ni, Cr, and As content were found in nearby soil samples of fuel stations compare with control sample. The results showed that urban samples had significantly (p<0.05) higher heavy metals compared to rural samples in all heavy metals studies. The results indicated that the rural area had the lowest heavy metals content compared with nearby soil samples of fuel stations. It could be concluded that impaction of fuel station on the accumulation of heavy metals in roadside soils in urban area was slight.
Evaluation ESR1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs106577 and Susceptibility for Breast cancer Risk in Young Women in Dhi Qar Governorate.
Authors: Aziz Al-Hilali Khadija , Abood Faris Satar , Qusay Aljawher Rasha
Published: June 2024

Abstract:The current study was conducted in Dhi Qar Governorate on young women suffering from Breast Cancer (BC), where their ages ranged exclusively between (20-40) years. It was the first study in the governorate to address young ages only, to highlight the spread of this serious disease in young groups and to know Its relationship with genetic causes and genotypes.The aim of the current study is to investigate genetic mutations of the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1 rs1062577) and its relationship to breast cancer risk in young women. This study included (100) randomly collected samples, divided into two groups: the first group consisted of ( 80 ) of blood samples from patients undergoing surgical intervention, breast biopsy, and follow-up at Al-Haboubi Hospital/Oncology Unit/Dhi -Qar province, which is a specialized department for treating cancer patients. The second group consisted of (20) samples from healthy young women. The study was conducted from February 2023 to July 2023.The results of the Tetra ARMS-PCR analysis for the estrogen receptor gene ESR1 rs1062577 revealed the presence of two alleles ,A and T and three genotypic patterns, AA, AT, and TT, in both the breast cancer patients and the control group. The allele A was recorded at a percentage of 58.75% in the patient sample compared to the allele T , ,which was recorded at a percentage of 41.25% In contrast, the allele A was present at a percentage of 100% in the control sample, while the allele t did not appear and had a percentage of 0%. No significant differences were found at a significance level of p 0.05 < .Increased the incidence of breast cancer among the young age group in Iraq and in our province( Dhi-qar) so at limited time of our study we can collect good number of patient diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in age between (20-40) year ,These results can predict and give idea about prognostic staging and fate of this dangerous cancer especially in young age group who may be lived for long time after diagnosis of cancer, Study the type of genetic mutation for estrogen receptors as important cause for incidence of breast cancer cases.
The Mole Plough Domination in Graphs
Authors: A.  Alwan Alyaa , A. Najim Alaa
Published: June 2024

Fire detection by using CNN Alex net Algorithm
Yang Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving PDEs
Authors: Issa Salem Abdulwahed , Tajadodi Haleh
Published: June 2024

The Yang Adomian decomposition technique (YADM) is an excellent analytical tool employed in this study to solve the partial differential equations (PDEs). The result of the suggested approach is stated as a series of Adomian components that converges to the precise solution of the problem. To show the applicability of the recommended technique, examples are presented.
Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial of The Brown algae Sargassum sp.
Authors: Lazzam Saad Khattaf , Ayal Abdul Wahab Raisan Ayal
Published: June 2024

Objective of this study was to determine of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of  Sargassum Sp extract. Pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella SP., Bacillus Cereus, Staphyloylococcus aureus,  and Streptococcus mutans  , as the active chemical compounds were extracted from this algae using solvents (cold water Ethanol  and methanol alcohol) with qualitative detection of secondary metabolites of the aqueous extract of this algae, which indicated the presence of phytochemicals analysis such as Amino acid, Alkaloids, Steroids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Tan inns, Saponins and Carotenoids .  The chemical compounds were determined using the gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (Gc-mass) technique of the methanolic extract of  sargassum These compounds were represented Muramic acid, Isopropyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Loliolide, Tetradecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, n-Hexadecenoic acid,  , Phytol,  Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid,   Erucic acid,  Ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol,(3.beta.)- and   Stigmasta-5-24(28)-dien-3-ol,( 3.beta)- The aqueous extract of this algae did not show any bioactivity against all bacterial species under study. It was noticed that the methanolic extract was more efficient in its effect on the bacterial species, as the rates of inhibition zones for this extract were (16, 18.66, 16.66, 19, 19.33 and 22.66) mm for each of P. aerogenosa, E. coli, Salmonella Sp., B. cereus., Staph. aureus and S. mutans, respectively.
Lung Cancer classification using an ensemble of CNNs Method in CT Scan Images
Authors: Betti Ghufran Abbas , Naser Ali H. , Tanha Dr. Jafar , Bashazadeh Saeed Bashazadeh
Published: June 2024

About five million people lose their lives every year to lung cancer, making it one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In the last few years, a lot of methods of detection of lung cancer were improved however these could not efficiently diagnose cancer. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) of robust deep learning is developed. CNN precision raises the deeper that is, however, it causes over-ﬁtting or vanishing gradient problems simultaneously. To solve the issue, the CNN used resort to parallel CNN. It used Pictures the LIDC-IDRI consortium image collection has thoracic CT images that have been annotated for lung cancer diagnosis and screening purposes. The presented model includes result models of CNN which are integrated via ensemble methods and it compare with every model. Results of the simulation illustrate that the presented method's accuracy has developed by 2.18 percent in comparison  with the method of the main paper
Theoretical Study of External Electric Field Effect on the Chemisorption of a Spherical Semiconducting Quantum-dot on Graphene
Authors: Fadel Haider , Abd-AlHussien Marwa
Published: June 2024

In This study, we modified the Anderson-Newns model for atomic chemisorption to be suitable for the chemisorption of a spherical semiconducting quantum-dot on a monolayer pure perfect graphene.
A mathematical expression was used to calculate the occupation numbers for the two levels of the quantum-dot as a function of the normal distance and the external electric field. Appropriate formulas for other chemisorption functions were  used by taking into our account the effect of image shift, and a formula for hybridization energy as a function of distance only. The quantum-dot was considered a spherical  shape, chooses the type of on-top adsorption on the graphene layer, also taken a fixed value for the correlation energy U to be spin independent and not dependent on distance.
At room temperature T=300 K, the occupation numbers and their corresponding energy levels were calculated by stabilizing all the parameters  and varying the strength of electric field individually by both positive and negative directions. The contribution of the negative electric field was more effective on quantum-dot chemisorbed on graphene.
Superparamagnetism Phenomenon for a Mixed Spin Ferrimagnetic Binary System
Authors: Ghafel Aqeel , Mohamad Hadey K.
Published: June 2024

A decorated ferrimagnetic mixed triangular system was studied using the molecular mean-field approximation. The outcomes of the investigation were examined using the Blume-Capel Ising model. The study paper investigates the influence of crystal and external magnetic fields on ferrimagnetic devices decorated with mixed spin-2 and spin-7/2 of a triangular lattice. It is noteworthy that spin-2 ions are located at the nodal points, whereas six additional spin-7/2 ions surround the proposed lattice. Altering the exchange interactions through the specific crystal and external magnetic fields induces superparamagnetic behaviours. New characteristics reveal that mixed spin triangular decorated ferrimagnets exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour at DA∕|J2|=-2.5, with J1 = -0.5 and J2 = -1.0 in the range (15 ≤ KBT /|J2| ≤ 18). It is important to note that the total magnetization changes with the external magnetic field and affects the superparamagnetism phenomenon of a decorated mixed spin ferrimagnet when DA/|J2| = 8, and DB/|J2|=-11, J1 = -0.5 and J2 = 1, for KBT/|J2| = 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 Ko respectively.
A Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor with Simplified Features for Identifying Unidentified Analytes
Authors: Yasser Hassan , Benhaliliba Mostefa
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we present a novel method for building a plasmonic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with simplified features to identify unknown analytes. Using the special parameters of plasmonic PCFs, the suggested sensor increases the sensitivity and specificity of target analyte detection. We provide a streamlined design approach that reduces manufacturing complexity without sacrificing reliable performance, opening up the sensor to new useful applications. We show the optimal structure parameters for optimizing sensitivity using the finite element method in the COMSOL environment. The suggested configuration attained strong spectral sensitivity throughout an extensive range of the analyte's refractive indices.  Furthermore, a perfect linear connection was established between the analyte's refractive index and the resonant wavelength, qualifying the sensor for usage across the whole range of the analyte's refractive indices.