bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counter-Terrorism Strategic Communications: Back to the Future – Lessons from Past and Present
Authors: Reed Alastair
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the lessons that can be learned from past communication experiences to aid Counter-Terrorism Strategic Communications (CTSC) campaigns targeting the current propaganda threat from so-called “Islamic State” (IS). It will do this by highlighting four lessons from the past from two different areas of communication practice – the history of propaganda and political communication – that are relevant for the current information war against IS. These are i) the need for multiple mediums of communication, ii) the say-do-gap, iii) defensive and offensive messaging, and, finally, iv) market research and targeting.
Reframing ‘Mass Surveillance’
Authors: Boeke Sergei
Published: February 2025

The debate on government surveillance programs is frequently characterized by the apparently absolute dichotomy of security versus privacy. But basic concepts such as privacy and surveillance elude precise definition, and the complexity of different surveillance techniques cloud a clear understanding of this phenomenon. This chapter provides an initial framework to classify surveillance programs, in order to better understand their potential impact on the privacy of citizens. Four binary variables are identified: domestic versus foreign, downstream versus upstream, targeted versus bulk collection, and metadata versus content. These variables are used to re-evaluate two U.S. surveillance programs exposed by Edward Snowden: Prism and the Section 215 program. As a result, one certainly does not deserve to be labelled ‘mass surveillance’.
National Security, Terrorism and the Legality of Secret Surveillance: The Case of France
Authors: Christakis Theodore
Published: February 2025

States are increasingly invoking reasons relating to “national security” as a premise both for the use of various exemptions to the rule of law, as well as in order to avoid their international obligations. As a reaction to the threat of terrorist attacks, in recent years several States have enacted laws that have allowed various exemptions to the rule of law. Prominent among them are surveillance laws providing intelligence services with sweeping new spying and surveillance powers. While it is perfectly legitimate to provide room for security exceptions in order to effectively counter threats such as terrorism, history has revealed that national security is a concept with a significant potential for abuse. The new surveillance laws, coming in the aftermath of the Snowden revelations, therefore raise major questions for International Law. This chapter focuses on the new surveillance laws adopted by France after the 2015 Paris attacks, which are now facing international legal challenges, including several applications lodged with the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), by journalists, lawyers and others. The first part of the chapter discusses how States are increasingly using the “national security” argument in order to enact new laws authorizing cyber-surveillance. The second part of the chapter focuses on the main characteristics of the new French Intelligence Laws and presents, under the prism of International and European Human Rights Law, some of the main legal issues raised by these laws.
Online Terrorist Financing
Authors: Başaranel Bürke Uğur
Published: February 2025

Advances in technology have led to the transformation of societies, cultures, behaviours, economy and security. In this regard, the internet and its diverse applications provide a vital means of recruitment, propaganda and financing for terrorist organisations. In this chapter, the financial activities of terrorists and the opportunities emerging in the online environment are examined, and the question of how the internet is used as a medium for funding terrorism is answered. The main argument is that terrorists, similar to criminals, are using opportunities provided by the internet effectively and creatively for meeting part of their financial requirements.
Strategic, Legal and Doctrinal Consideration for a Better Cyber Defense in the Region of South-East Europe
Authors: Hadji-Janev Metodi  , Bogdanoski Mitko
Published: February 2025

Much of the social, economic and political activities in the region of South-East-Europe (SEE) take place via so-called cyberspace. Even though there is evidence of growing dependence of cyberspace in SEE countries the practice shows that there is no parallel match to security. Giving that no one is safe in the cyberspace the main argument of this article is that in order to provide effective defense from malicious and aggressive actors against their own citizens, the SEE countries should focus on building cyber resilient societies. In doing so, they need to concentrate on building an effective strategy, adjust the law and develop appropriate doctrine.
Cyber Security Exercises: A Comparison of Participant Evaluation Metrics and Scoring Systems
Authors: Caliskan Emin  , Topgul M. Oguzhan  , Ottis Rain
Published: February 2025

Cyber security exercises became an important tool for the information security domain for various reasons. Raising awareness, improving readiness to cyber-attacks, and testing capabilities of experts before a real incident are some. However, measuring the success of exercises and the participants participating in the game is a vague area, which no scientifically elaborated approach has been followed, according to the current literature. In this research, some of the well-known cyber security exercises are compared and contrasted by evaluation metrics they use and scoring systems they have implemented to their game. Other than capture the flag type events, which collecting points depend on how many challenges participants solve, this paper elaborates on red team vs. blue team exercises. The ultimate goal is to observe strengths and weaknesses of their approach and identify which metrics are commonly used. According to the findings, after a detailed comparison of these exercises, it was realized that current evaluation techniques in cyber security exercises mostly focus on metrics representing the defensive and offensive success of participants. Keeping the systems up and running, successfully defending systems, or attacking other players are some of the key elements. Furthermore, it was realized that exercises provide a useful way to raise awareness, improve technical competence, and enhance the readiness of cyber security experts in the field. Thus, it is important to extract meaningful outcomes from those exercises, such as understanding which participant has enough capacity to deal with eminent cyber security attacks. There are a number of exercises that aim to achieve this goal; however, it is not clearly described how to evaluate the success metrics. Other than that, evaluating players with a solid, reusable, and meaningful approach is still missing. Non-technical, but important, issues like reporting and media relations lack in many of them. It was seen after this research that it should not be just about who comes first in these cyber security exercises; rather, it should tell who is ready for the real combat.
Architecture for Community-Scale Critical Infrastructure Coordination for Security and Resilience
Authors: Foreman James Christopher
Published: February 2025

Our Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems are, by definition, critical to the safe and proper functioning of society. Nearly all of these systems utilize industrial Process Control Systems (PCS) to provide clean water, reliable electricity, critical manufacturing, and many other services within our communities – yet most of these PCS incorporate very little cyber security countermeasures. Cyber-attacks on CI are becoming an attractive target. While many vendor solutions are starting to be deployed at CI sites, these solutions are largely based on network monitoring for intrusion detection. As such, they are not process-aware, nor do they account for interdependencies among other CI sites in their community. What is proposed is an architecture for coordinating all CI within a community, which defines characteristics to enhance its integration, its resilience to failure and attack, and its ultimate acceptance by CI operators.
Analysis of National Cyber Situational Awareness Practices
Authors: Bahsi Hayretdin
Published: February 2025

Although a huge number of problems have not been exactly solved yet, technical and organizational aspects of cyber security have been widely addressed by the security community. A new era that covers the national aspect of the problem domain has started with the publishing of national cyber security strategies. Capabilities of national CERTs have been strengthened and their responsibilities have been extended beyond the basic incident coordination activities. Obtaining the national level cyber situational awareness is among the foremost responsibilities of authorities and operational bodies. Therefore, this new era requires situational awareness systems that perform security monitoring and information sharing functions for the determination of the nation-wide security status. In this study, the national cyber security strategies and the responsibilities of relevant agencies are analyzed from the situational awareness perspective. An analysis of the systems that help to understand national situational picture is also given within the study.
Cyberspace Situational Awareness Framework
Authors: Canan Mustafa  , Sousa-Poza Andres
Published: February 2025

A command and control (C2) structure is maintained by situation awareness, which in turn is reliant on information sharing. In complex connected military environments, information sharing is supported by the communication and information systems, which are cyberspace dependent. This dependency results in an immense interconnectedness. The transformation of cyberspace into a warfare domain enables new capabilities. The operational utilization of these capabilities requires a C2 structure or system that is compatible with the requirements of cyberspace. Consequently, situation awareness in the cyberspace becomes paramount in the discussion of cyberspace and cyber operation. Although cyber situation awareness is distinct from the traditional warfare situation awareness, human cognition is an indispensable component in both. Present discussions in cyber situation awareness, however, do not include a compressive discussion of human cognition. This paper proposes a necessary improvement to cyber situation awareness by including human cognition using the Situation Theory approach. It studies cyber situation awareness in the context of cyberspace in the framework of the information environment of joint force operations.
From the National Cyber Maturity to the Cyber Resilience: An Assessment of the Strategic Efforts of Turkey
Authors: Karabacak Bilge  , Tatar Unal
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the details of critical infrastructure protection program of the United States of America are shared by taking the cyber resilience into account. The academic and institutional studies on the concepts of cyber maturity, critical infrastructure protection program and cyber resilience are explained in detail. By the help of these studies and national efforts, the relations among these concepts are set forth. The key components of a cyber security strategy and action plan for a cyber-resilient society is proposed by taking these three concepts into account. As the final step, the recent cyber security efforts of Turkey are shared with the readers and assessed according to the determined key components.
The Energy Security Cooperation in the Baltic States: Lessons for the South Caucasus Region
Authors: Česnakas Giedrius
Published: February 2025

The article overviews the threats and challenges the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) faced in the energy security sector since the re-establishment of their independences in 1990 and 1991. The article briefly defines the course the Baltic States took in energy governance and problems they faced in domestic level and multilateral cooperation while implementing regional energy security projects. The article underlines the importance of strong international institutions which play their roles in implementing energy security projects, like the European Union. The article also mentions the importance of NATO, an institution allowing Lithuania to shape energy security discourse. The lessons of the Baltic States should be taken into account by the states of the South Caucasus region allowing them to avoid challenges and pitfalls the Baltic States faced and implement their energy security policy more efficiently.
The Outlook for Regional Cooperation in Eurasia
Authors: Chausovsky Eugene
Published: February 2025

This intervention covers an intensified regionalization process in both Central/Eastern Europe and the Caucasus which will be an important feature as the Russia-West standoff evolves. Of course, both regional blocs are likely to face their own challenges and constraints; the Russia-Turkey relationship will have important bearings on political dynamics in the Caucasus, just as political volatility in Ukraine could complicate its energy and security integration efforts, and the EU and NATO will by no means completely cease to be active in this region. Nevertheless, the growth of regional cooperation in Eurasia is likely to be an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in the coming months and years.
Ubiquitous Cloud Object for Fine-Grained Resource Management in E-Commerce Logistics
Authors: Li Ming  , Xu Gangyan  , Shao Saijun  , Lin Peng  , Huang G.Q.
Published: February 2025

Logistics resources are of great importance in E-commerce as the essential factors of production, basically including man, machine and material. Optimization for E-commerce logistics always relys on the real-time information of logistics resources. Actually, these resources are exchanging information continuously when they interacting with each other. Since the management granularity for logistics resources still remains at a coarse level, most of the interaction information between resources cannot be well recorded and organized. To achieve fine-grained management of logistics resources that could provide real-time resources visibility, traceability interoperability and availability is urgently needed. The booming of IoT technologies makes it feasible to realize fine-grained management. However, how to make resources smart to interact with other resources and construct a resources-oriented information network to serve enquiries from EISs has not been well studied. This paper presents a ubiquitous cloud object (UCO) framework for logistics resources to achieve fine-grained management. A ubiquitous cloud object model is proposed to abstractly virtualize heterogeneous logistics resources into cloud mappings. The concept of object cluster achieves the flexible resource granularity with a designed object gateway service (OGS) to construct information network. Aiming at facilitating the integration of UCOs with Enterprise Information Systems (EISs), object chain is used to organize UCOs to fulfill the specific workflows.
Analysis of Workshop Production Scheduling Considering Risk Factors
Authors: Wang Yu  , Zheng Huiqiang
Published: February 2025

In the process of workshop production scheduling, many risk factors can affect the reliability of production. The factors influencing the production scheduling include time, quality, equipment failure and so on. The stability is critical in the flow shop, so the risk factors related to the production scheduling should be considered in the workshop production. Workshop scheduling is taken as the research object in this paper. Along with the rapid development of database technology, the process of workshop production scheduling also involves the record and statistics of many historical production data. So data analysis technology will be used to analyze the risk factors in the process of workshop scheduling firstly inthis paper. Secondly, the simulation model for production scheduling integrated with the risk factors will be built. The aim of the model is to balance the flow shop plan and improve the production efficiency. Finally, an example is given to show that the risk factors selected in this paper and the model are effective for solving the risk problem of workshop production scheduling.
The Impact of Online Lottery Promotion on User Acquisition and Engagement
Authors: Chen Xingyu  , Liu Shiyuan  , Huang Junwen  , Tao Da
Published: February 2025

Online lottery promotion during holidays has become an important approach for online communities to attract new users and activate current members. The objective of this study is to empirically examine the influence of an online lottery promotional campaign on user acquisition and user engagement from both short-term and long-term perspectives. The aquired data recorded individual users' daily activities on the mobile application before, during and after the lottery promotional campaign, as well as users' participation in the lottery draw and the awards received. This study found that the online promotion attracted more users to register, activated the registered users during the lottery promotion and the users who won non-virtual prize (monetary prize) will be more active in commenting after the promotion. While in the long run all the users' posting activities slightly decreased after the promotion, the lottery promotional campaign is effective in attracting and activating users in short term period.
Ownership, Institutional Environment and Institutional Capital: Evidence from China
Authors: Jia Fang  , Qin Yao  , Lai Yan  , Kang Peipei
Published: February 2025

To demonstrate organizational response to institutional voids, the concept of institutional capital is introduced for purposes of capturing the firm's innate and acquired competences which help the firm utilize institutional opportunities, reduce institutional constraints, and hence gain legitimacy. We identify three components of institutional capital, namely political influence, industrial power and organizational cognition. In most studies of ownership and firm performance, researchers have assumed that different forms of ownership have direct or indirect effects on firm strategy or performance. This research aims at exploring the difference of institutional capital for firms of different ownership types. Empirical tests based on a sample of two hundred firms located in China finds that different ownership types of firms do have different levels of political influence, industrial power and organizational cognition. State-owned enterprises have the highest level of political influence, while foreign enterprises have advantages in industrial power, such as higher ability of standardization, superior network position, and better organizational cognition. Discussion and managerial implications are provided following the data analysis results.
Research on Attractive Factors of Electric Motorcycle Design
Authors: Zhang Ziheng  , Ding Wei  , Cheng Jianxin  , Ye Junnan  , Li Tengye
Published: February 2025

Abstract goes herElectric motorcycle has become the most popular vehicle for people to travel in the short distance due to its convenience and the environmentally friendly design. With the development of the renewable energy techniques, the electric motorcycle was designed to obtain more flexibility compared to the traditional generation. Considering the situation where the product just appeared and also has fewer restrictions in design, all the designers are now sharing a common struggle about how to meet users' expectation. Kansei Engineering focuses on investigating how people respond to products in emotion and incorporating emotional reaction in product design. Therefore, Kansei Engineering serves as a very effective approach to address the emotional need of users from products.This study is to find out what interests the users in the electric motorcycle by survey. Specifically, the users will be asked to select the most attractive electric motorcycle among all the pictures to locate which part in motorcycle is able to catch their eyes and also give several Kansei words to describe it. Each Kansei word for each product will be scaled according to Liszt table. Then, with collected data, Quantification Theory Type I (QTT-I) will be applied to explore the association between design style and attractiveness. This paper is aimed at providing a design style methodology that is suitable for the brand new product with high degrees of freedom through Kansei Engineeringe.
The Use of Intuitive Thinking in Product Design Semantics: From Chinese Characters to Product Design
Authors: Li Tengye  , Cheng Jianxin  , Xiong Tao  , Ye Junnan  , Zhang Ziheng
Published: February 2025

Intuitive thinking is a creative way of thinking that abstracts people's life experiences and talents into expressive symbols or forms, enabling people to have an immediate knowledge of something before thinking and studying it logically. In product design, if designers can use the intuitive thinking in design activities, making products associated with the user's experience, then it will greatly reduce the user's learning difficulties, resulting in a more pleasant experience. Chinese characters is a rational product with intuitive thinking that created in ancient China. It not only has a high degree of simplicity and abstraction, but also reflects people's lives with a strong cognitive. From the pictographic in very beginning, people have created varied Chinese characters by six basic formations, which is an outstanding example of intuitive thinking. The creation of Chinese characters provides practical guidance and reference for the modern creation. This paper analyzed the corresponding relationship between the “Six Categories of Chinese Characters” and the modern design technique, and we also analyzed the common function of intuitive thinking in the creation of words and products with designing cases. At last we organized the Intuitive Thinking Schema. By using the Intuitive Thinking Schema, designers can associate the user experience with product design semantics, which can provide users with a more intuitive product experience and provide a reference for later design practice.
An Ergonomics Study on Manual Assembly Process Re-Design in Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Peruzzini Margherita  , Pellicciari Marcello
Published: February 2025

Nevertheless process automation is a global trend, some specific phases (i.e., assembly) in highly technological sectors (i.e., medical, pharmaceutical, diagnostics, dental) are still managed by human workers, due to high-precision tasks and low production volumes. In this context, operators are forced to work faster and adapt to not ergonomically workstations and workflows. As a consequence, human assembly is frequently the bottleneck of the entire process due a not ergonomic layout and process design. The study was conducted at a medical equipment manufacturer, leader of dental equipment production, and focused on the analysis of the assembly process of the dental units. Workers at the assembly line were observed by experts and involved also by interviews and focus groups to detect the assembly issues and process jam. The research provides a valuable example of how physical, cognitive and organizational ergonomic problems affect the final process performance and how human-oriented re-design actions can be easily defined according to the proposed analysis procedure.
A Design Method of Icon Based on Semantic Research of Universal Symbols
Authors: Chen Xiaojiao  , Xue Chengqi  , Wang Haiyan  , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2025

With the advances in computer technology, graphical interfaces improve substantially software operability and readability. Good icon converts series of complex system commands into an intuitive symbol and enhances software usability by reducing users' cognitive load. In this paper, we study the semantics of universal symbols, the Time to Fixation Mean and Heat Map are carried out by the eye-tracking experiment, then the corresponding icons are designed according to the results of eye-tracking experiment, finally we analyze the efficiency (Reaction time and accuracy) of user's recognition in the e-prime experiment. This paper provides designer with a design method of icons after a quantitative verification.
Influence on Brand Equity from Brand Identification Within the Environment of Social Media – The Mediating Effect of User-Generated Content
Authors: Liu Yanni  , Lin Lingyu  , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2025

Brand is generated when cognitive connection, value evaluation and emotional engagement are done by customers and introduce the brand into their personal self-concepts. As the development of social media platforms, customers interact with brand enterprises, communicate with other customers as well as release their evaluation of the brands through those platforms, which leads to the generation of a large amount of user-generated contents (UGC). Previous studies have proved that customers' interaction and communication on social media platforms have a positive influence on brand equity. In this paper, the author collates, analyzes and summarizes previous studies, constructs an integrated framework based on the constitution of brand equity in an environment with abundant social media platforms and systematically discusses the structure of brand identification as well as its influence on brand equity. Using an empirical research approach, the study shows the mediating effect UGC has on brand equity.
A Preliminary Study of an Augmented Reality-Based Solution for Composite Aircraft Inspection Aiding
Authors: Wang Chao-Hung  , Hwang Sang-Ha  , Zhang Chuck  , Wang Ben  , Wang Mao-Jiun J.
Published: February 2025

With the increasing usage of composite materials in the aerospace industry, the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) of aircraft has become a major challenge. MRO operations for composite aircraft are complex because there are a variety of types of damage that can happen to the composite materials, and there are numerous corresponding inspection and repair methods that may be chosen. For new aircraft that use a significant amount of composites materials such as the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787, cost and cycle time of maintenance are significantly affected by the efficiency and effectiveness of composite materials joining and repair process and inspection. However, current repair and inspection methods are primarily labor-intensive and time-consuming manual operations. In this study, a new method for assisting in composite aircraft inspections based on a vision-based technique was proposed to improve the aircraft maintenance process. An image-based recognition method and a 3-D augmented reality method will be conceptualized. In the experimental phase, a simulated aircraft component with underlying structures was fabricated with 3-D printing, and a test of identifying the underlying structures was conducted to validate its accuracy. The preliminary results of validation of 3-D augmented reality are provided.
Advanced Manufacturing for Dental Prosthesis Prototypes Development: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Leite Athon F.C. Staben de Moura  , Canciglieri Matheus Beltrame  , Szejka Anderson Luis  , Canciglieri Jr. Osiris
Published: February 2025

The quantity of research being done in the oral health has grown significantly in the last decades, acquiring a more interdisciplinary characteristic. As consequence, there has been a large amount of engineering applications developed to this knowledge area. Oral health is directed linked to the well-being and can aid in the prevention of several severe diseases. The more recurrent cases of deteriorated oral health are related to the loss of teeth during the patient's life. Oral dental implants are the solution to this problem; however, they present high complexity development processes and in consequence almost all the work is done handcrafted which entails problems with the precision and comfort of the prosthesis. Therefore, the objective of this research is the development of a conceptual model for the use of additive manufacture and rapid prototyping integrated to CAD/CAM systems to aid the development of an oral prosthesis in an integrated product development process environment. To reach this objective, at first was made a literature review of the relevant subjects. Afterwards the advanced manufacture conceptual model is developed to ensure standardization and formalization of the manufacture and development processes of the oral implant. The conceptual model is then applied in the development of an oral prosthesis in a computational environment. This conceptual model aids the surgeon-dentist to develop and manufacture the oral dental implants more rapidly ensuring the products quality, through the standardization of the manufacture and development processes the conceptual model also reduces the cost and waste of resources of the development and manufacture of an oral implant.
A Knowledge-Based Decision Framework for Merchandise Systemic Risk Management Under Cross-Broader E-Commerce Pattern
Authors: He Junliang  , Yan Wei  , Huang Youfang  , Tan Caimao  , Zhou Huijun
Published: February 2025

Cross-broader e-commerce has been a basic economic pattern of the world economy and an important channel of the world trade. Most merchandises are bought by means of cross-broader e-commerce is high risk products, and it is strongly related to the people's livelihood, such as imported food, cosmetics, health products and electrical products. Since overseas merchandise generally is sent to consumers by parcel express under cross-broader e-commerce pattern, it is difficult to find merchandise's risk by traditional port regulation pattern. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a decision support model for real-time and accurate identifying risk of merchandise by means of cross-broader e-commerce. This paper develops a knowledge-based decision framework for the systemic risk management of merchandise for cross-broader e-commerce trade. Firstly, a knowledge-based decision modeling is proposed, including ontology modeling for knowledge base and reasoning process for the problem solving method of risk identification, assessment and monitoring. Secondly, the corresponding decision support platform of merchandise systemic risk management is performed including decisiong framework, core technology and the structure of the platform. Finally, many typical cases are provided to illustrate how does the proposed knowledge-based decision framework is applied in practice.
Analysing Engineering Knowledge in CAD-Models and Spread Sheets Using Graph Theory and Filtering
Authors: Johansson Joel
Published: February 2025

As the era of Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) and design automation has evolved a big effort has been put to automate CAD-models to quick and accurately respond to changes of customer specifications. The automated knowledge in these KBE-systems is represented as sets of rules, sets that are continuously growing. Parallel to KBE-systems knowledge is also automated in spread sheets (were the cells can be viewed as rules in a KBE-system). These spread sheets also tend to grow in number and complexity. The vision of reusing corporate knowledge through automating it in computer systems are now threaten by the fact that the complexity makes it hard to grasp and manage what was automated. Complexity management and graph theory are scientific fields addressing these types of problems. This paper describes how engineering knowledge stored in CAD-models and spread sheets can be analysed through the application of graph theory, visualization and filtering. Information models of CAD-models and spread sheets are developed and applied to a real industrial case to generate and analyse the content.
Material Flow Mapping and Industrial Ecosystems: A Literature Structured Review
Authors: Guedes Gisele Bortolaz  , Paganin Lucas Barboza Zattar  , Borsato Milton
Published: February 2025

Global instability can be seen as a reflection of the increasing demand for natural resources and the reduction of personnel expenditures. Yet, this is often associated with industrial systems, whose main objectives are to increase productive capacity and reduce costs. This scenario identifies the need for changes in strategy establishment in the organization's operation mode focusing on sustainable development. Industrial ecosystems, through the symbiotic relationship of industries, aim to achieve sustainability goals. Material flow mapping is essential for the construction of these industrial ecosystems. Hence, the present article carries out a structured literature review process in order to identify the state of the art and the research opportunities in material flow mapping. This aims to achieve industrial ecosystems through industrial symbiosis. For the accomplishment of this revision, the methodological procedure called Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist (ProKnow-C) was adopted. The bibliographic portfolio is represented by 35 articles of the research theme. Through the bibliometric analysis, some aspects are determined in order to perform a statistical analysis of the articles that compose the portfolio. In general, the main opportunities detected in this research theme are presented in the systemic analysis. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented.
Service Design for Smart Shopping Service via a TRIZ-Based Service Engineering Approach
Authors: Wu Xu-Feng  , Lee Ching-Hung  , Chen Chun-Hsien
Published: February 2025

With service innovation, the shopping mall industry could optimize their service process and provide more intelligent services to improve customers' shopping experience, which serves as the catalyst for the development of the industry. To apply the service innovation to shopping mall, this study adopts an incorporated TRIZ methodology and a service blueprint approach to design new services for the case company in three service-design stages. In the problem definition stage, the initial service processes are presented in service blueprint approach and all the current problems are identified. In the service resolution stage, the TRIZ contradiction analysis is conducted and the corresponding innovation principles are pointed out and transformed into service resolutions. With this novel service-design approach adopting in the shopping mall industry, a new mobile app and its six function modules are proposed in the solution evaluations stage.
Service Development and Style Planning of Wearable Posture Correction Products
Authors: Dea Cho Un  , Kim Jung-Won  , Pyo Hong Jung  , Soo Cho Kwang
Published: February 2025

Abstract goes here Various statistics show that due to the recent increase in smart phone and computer users, there has been a rise in patients visiting hospitals due to cervical herniated nucleus and forward head posture symptoms. Furthermore, this is occurring in younger age groups, and is thus developing into a social issue. Due to such needs, this study aims at finding the experience patterns and hidden needs of users in order to find ‘service’ development, ‘product benefits’ and ‘user value’ to create their future experiences through service design methodologies. For this, issues were found through analysis of circumstances and contextual inquiries to deduce ideas. Then, style plans were established through service blueprints per target market, and a simple products architecture was drafted to propose prototypes of wearable devices.
Towards Interoperability Semantic Model to Support Design for Dental Implant Decision-Making
Authors: Adamczyk Bruno Sérgio  , Szejka Anderson Luis  , Canciglieri Junior Osiris  , Rocha Loures Eduardo de Freitas
Published: February 2025

Information sharing led to a wide range of new complex applications in the Web environment, requiring a new way to formally represent knowledge and define a common vocabulary. Ontologies have recently been developed to provide a machine reasonable semantics of information sources that can be shared. The popularity of ontology development has increasing: it provides an information representation that supports enabling content-based access, knowledge modeling, interoperability, communications, and providing qualitatively new levels of knowledge representation in the form of the Semantic Web. Therefore, ontology can help professionals with a knowledge basis containing a proper semantic and validation rules. The oral rehabilitation has a directly impact of the patient life quality. Dental Implant treatment is complex and multivariable once diverse information must be proper shared and interpreted. A large number of dental implants failures due to an inappropriate definition. In this way, Dental Implant field has been continuously improved by the use of different techniques, methods and technologies in order to define the most efficient and effective diagnostic to the patient rehabilitation. The efficient and effective can be reached by enabling suitable decision-making in a shortest period of time, based on completed and updated information about the diagnostics. In this way, this research proposes a conceptual approach for making-decision using ontology concept and Multi-Criteria Decision Making/Analysis (MCDM/A) to support the dental implant definition. As results, the research presented a better picture of decision-making support in the Dental Implant field associate to engineering design. It is important the standardization and unification of knowledge by models that can be integrated, optimized and used as a referential for good practices.
Understanding Users' Behaviours in Relation to Concentrated Boarding: Implications for Rail Infrastructure and Technology
Authors: Fox Catherine  , Oliveira Luis  , Kirkwood Leigh  , Cain Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Concentrated boarding describes the phenomenon when rail passengers congregate in certain areas of the platform, such as at main entrances and staircases. This influences the distribution of passengers throughout the carriages, which can negatively affect passenger comfort, safety at the platform train interface, efficiency of the rail network, and the reputation of rail travel as a whole. This project aimed to determine whether concentrated boarding occur in rail stations in the UK in order to understand its relevance for future rolling stock and infrastructure design and its associated manufacturing research. Video recording technology was used to observe the movements of passengers in Oxford Station, and data was collected for nine trains. By reviewing the recordings, the number of passengers boarding through each door of the trains was determined, and the boarding distributions along the length of the platform were plotted. Several reasons for noted trends were offered, and potential solutions proposed. The use of real time information could be invaluable to minimise concentrated boarding, as it would allow passengers to make informed decisions as to where they could board trains to have a better journey experience. These findings indicate the relevance of a human-centred design process, particularly the user research stages in the process of defining priorities for manufacturing and engineering.
Ultra-Fast-Prototyping of PMMA Structures for Micro-Engineering Applications: Choosing the Right Material
Authors: Ongaro Alfredo E.  , Conoscenti Gioacchino  , Liga Antonio  , Brucato Valerio  , Desmulliez P.Y.  , Howarth Nicola  , La Carrubba Vincenzo  , Kersaudy-Kerhoas Maïwenn
Published: February 2025

Machining of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by laser has been extensively studied in engineering research for several applications including microfluidic manufacturing and rapid prototyping. However, very few investigations have taken into consideration the wide range of physico-chemical characteristics of commercially available PMMA that can often affect the quality of the laser-machined structures. These characteristics are often ignored, with many manufacturing publications focusing on a single source of PMMA. To understand the different bonding strengths and laser-cut qualities in the context of our ultra-fast prototyping technique, four types of PMMA have been examined. Molecular weights, and thermal properties have been determined and their roles on the bonding strength and CO2 laser cut quality, including kerf width and taper angle, have been investigated. This study demonstrates that the choice of material, for rapid prototyping of multi-layered structures via CO2 laser machining and solvent-assisted bonding, is crucial and provides a practical guide to researchers selecting PMMA material for use in micro-engineering and microfluidic rapid-prototyping.
Fabrication of Hydrophobic Structures by Nanosecond Pulse Laser
Authors: Cai Yukui  , Sousa Ana M.L.  , Lau King Hang Aaron  , Chang Wenlong  , Luo Xichun
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a feasibility study of manufacturing anti-bacteria surface on stainless steel 7C27Mo2 used for surgical tools by using nanosecond pulse laser is presented. The effect of laser power on the depth of groove was studied through laser cutting experiment. Micro-pillar arrays of different dimensions and spacing were generated by laser cutting. The wetting characteristics of micro-structured surfaces were assessed by using the static contact angle measurement approach. The measurement results show that the original hydrophilic stainless steel surface can be converted into a hydrophobic surface by using laser structuring as the contact angle can be doubled. This research shows that it is feasible to manufacture hydrophobic microstructures with a laser cutting process.
The Internet of Things, Factory of Things and Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing: Current and Future Implementations
Authors: Ruiz Zúñiga Enrique  , Syberfeldt Anna  , Urenda Moris Matias
Published: February 2025

In the currently rapidly changing industrialized world, globalization, product customization and automation are playing an imposing role in the development of the manufacturing sector. Nowadays, the innovative concepts of The Internet of Things, Factory of Things and Industry 4.0 are aimed to revolutionize the way technology can help improve production around the world. While in some international corporations these concepts are being deeply studied and are starting to be implemented, also in middle-size and large manufacturers it is clear they could contribute with many advantages; however, skepticism and uncertainty are still present among managers and stakeholders. In this paper, the current and coming state-of-the-art technology and implementation of the Factory of Things paradigm are presented and examples of the current implementation in global manufacturing companies are analyzed. Additionally, this article will discuss the potential implementation of this Industry 4.0 in a large manufacturer, and how it can help increase the control and efficiency of production, material flows, internal logistics and production planning.
Production System Identification with Genetic Programming
Authors: Denno Peter  , Dickerson Charles  , Harding Jenny
Published: February 2025

Modern system-identification methodologies use artificial neural nets, integer linear programming, genetic algorithms, and swarm intelligence to discover system models. Pairing genetic programming, a variation of genetic algorithms, with Petri nets seems to offer an attractive, alternative means to discover system behaviour and structure. Yet to date, very little work has examined this pairing of technologies. Petri nets provide a grey-box model of the system, which is useful for verifying system behaviour and interpreting the meaning of operational data. Genetic programming promises a simple yet robust tool to search the space of candidate systems. Genetic programming is inherently highly parallel. This paper describes early experiences with genetic programming of Petri nets to discover the best interpretation of operational data. The systems studied are serial production lines with buffers.
Industry 4.0 and Its Potential Impact on Employment Demographics in the UK
Authors: Flynn Joseph  , Dance Steven  , Schaefer Dirk
Published: February 2025

Since 2011, the manufacturing sector has been subject to a paradigm shift referred to as Industry 4.0, or the 4th Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 is concerned with cyber-physical systems for production engineering that enable the interconnected smart factories of the future. Its associated emerging technologies will bring along significant changes with respect to manufacturing processes and supply chains, allowing manufacturers to maintain their competitive edge in a rapidly changing globalized world. A recent study revealed that in 2016 only 8% of the UK manufacturers had a significant understanding of the term Industry 4.0, and that 56% had little or no understanding of it. However, 59% believed Industry 4.0 would have a big impact on the manufacturing sector. Most of the ongoing research on Industry 4.0 is concerned with the actual development of cyber-physical systems, cloud manufacturing, cybersecurity, and big data analytics. This study investigates the potential impact of Industry 4.0 on future unemployment, and the need for a highly responsive education system to develop the Industry 4.0 workforce of near tomorrow. At present, educational systems appear not to be adapting fast enough to respond to future labour demands imposed by Industry 4.0. If not addressed, this challenge may result in the required skills being undersupplied, thereby fuelling disparities between labour supply and demand, which consequently may cause unemployment levels to rise. This highlights the need to further investigate this situation and to identify and fulfil the educational requirements underlying future employment in a post Industry 4.0 era.
An IoT-Enabled Supply Chain Integration Framework: Empirical Case Studies
Authors: Wakenshaw Susan  , Maple Carsten  , Chen Daqiang  , Micillo Rosario
Published: February 2025

Supply chain integration is crucial for supply chain performance, particularly in industry 4.0. With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) and the use of cyber-physical systems, supply chain integration needs to be greatly enhanced. In this paper, we explore supply integration (process and application) in the supply chain network enabled by IoT. Using the case study method, we investigate technical and business applications of IoT in supply chains and how it can interface with the process integration within the CPFR reference model. The project is ongoing and here we report the preliminary findings.
Optimization Based Motion Simulation of Industrial Manipulator for Small Working Space
Authors: Chung Hyun-Joon  , Jung Eui-Jung  , Chung Goobong
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we simulate the industrial manipulator for small working space such as the welding robot for box girder in the offshore plant. Mechanical structure of the robot arm is built using Denavit-Hartenberg method for kinematic analysis. The total degrees of freedom is six and they are all rotational joints. Reachability, continuity and collision avoidance is calculated and checked through the optimization process. Recursive Lagrange's formulation is used for the dynamic equilibrium constraints. Design variables are the joint angle profiles which is parameterized using B-spline function approximation. Objective function is the joint torque square which is proportional to the mechanical energy. Constraints are imposed for joint angle limits, joint torque limits of motor capacities, the position and the velocity of end effector, and collision avoidance condition. The information for joint positions, velocities, and accelerations are recovered and simulated with robotics software to check the detail motion.