bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaf initiation and de novo pattern formation in the absence of an apical meristem and pre-existing patterned leaves in watercress (Nasturtium officinale) axillary explants
Authors: Selker Jeanne M. L. , Lyndon Robert F.
Published: August 2010

The production of new buds was followed in five explants from leaf axils of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). Watercress axillary tissue normally gives rise to a primary axillary bud and numerous roots which arise from conical organ primordia adaxial to the bud. The primary bud was excised from the explants but roots and organ primordia were left intact. A new secondary bud frequently formed within several days at a predictable position on the explant. In three cases, a set of approximately spirally arranged new leaf primordia formed in a roughly triangular region bounded by the cut edge of the explant and by a pair of existing organ primordia. Where there was variation in the shape of the triangular space, there was a corresponding variation in the pattern of leaves. Leaves formed in a closely packed cluster, but leaves originally in a single group could become recruited for different secondary buds. The first two to three leaves of a bud usually formed before an apical meristem dome was visible, but the dome could also be the first structure formed for the new bud. Prior to the appearance of the first sign of bulging for a new leaf primordium, cells at the leaf site divided and grew in a new orientation. The pattern of new leaf positioning is interpreted as arising from spatial constraints imposed by existing boundary structures and the newly formed primordia. Keywords: apical meristem, axillary buds, bud initiation, cytokinin, division orientation, leaf initiation, sequential scanning electron microscopy, phyllotaxis, watercress.
GRAVITATIONAL THEORY WITH A DYNAMICAL SPACE–TIME
Authors: GUENDELMAN E. I.
Published: August 2010

A gravitational theory involving a vector field χμ, which has the properties of a dynamical space–time, is studied. The variation of the action with respect to χμ gives the covariant conservation of an energy–momentum tensor [Formula: see text]. Studying the theory in a background that has Killing vectors and Killing tensors, we find appropriate shift symmetries of the field χμ which lead to conservation laws. The energy–momentum that is the source of gravity [Formula: see text] is different but related to [Formula: see text] and the covariant conservation of [Formula: see text] determines in general the vector field χμ. When [Formula: see text] is chosen to be proportional to the metric, the theory coincides with the Two Measures Theory, which has been studied before in relation to the Cosmological Constant Problem. When the matter model consists of point particles, or strings, the form of [Formula: see text], solutions for χμ are found. In a locally inertial frame, the vector field corresponds to the locally flat coordinates. For the case of a string gas cosmology, we find that the Milne universe can be a solution, where the gas of strings does not curve the space–time since although [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], as a model for the early universe, this solution is also free of the horizon problem. There may also be an application to the "time problem" of quantum cosmology.
MURRAY AND THE OMEGA MINUS
Authors: SAMIOS NICHOLAS P.
Published: August 2010

The exciting findings and activities in particle physics in the 50's and 60's will be discussed from an experimentalist's viewpoint. Particular emphasis will be placed on the description of several crucial discoveries (including the omega minus) and on the remarkable insight, guidance, and major contributions of Murray Gell-Mann to the understanding of the symmetry of hadrons which led to the development of the standard model of the strong interactions.
MEASUREMENT OF AFM CANTILEVER SPRING CONSTANT BY USING THE SURFACE PROFILE
Authors: KWEON HYUNKYU , NAM KIHO
Published: August 2010

This study introduces a new method of measuring the stiffness (spring constant) of cantilevers that is designed to improve the measurement accuracy of (atomic force microscopy) (AFM). AFM cantilever spring constants are determined by the relation between the slope of the step height ascertained from the surface profile measurement results, and the size of the cantilever. The surface profile measurements of the standard specimens with three different step heights (height: 100, 500, and 1000 nm) were conducted using a standard cantilever with different stiffness. As a result of this exercise, the profile slope was found to be proportional to cantilever stiffness, and the necessity was uncovered to conduct a similar experiment in order to clarify the quantitative relation between stiffness and the profile slope when the same kind of cantilever is utilized.
CRITICALITY AND HETEROGENEITY IN THE SOLUTION SPACE OF RANDOM CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEMS
Authors: ZHOU HAIJUN
Published: August 2010

Random constraint satisfaction problems are interesting model systems for spin-glasses and glassy dynamics studies. As the constraint density of such a system reaches certain threshold value, its solution space may split into extremely many clusters. In this work we argue that this ergodicity-breaking transition is preceded by a homogeneity-breaking transition. For random K-SAT and K-XORSAT, we show that many solution communities start to form in the solution space as the constraint density reaches a critical value αcm, with each community containing a set of solutions that are more similar with each other than with the outsider solutions. At αcm the solution space is in a critical state. The connection of these results to the onset of dynamical heterogeneity in lattice glass models is discussed.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SPIN HAMILTONIAN PARAMETERS AND THE LOCAL STRUCTURE FOR THE RHOMBICCu2+CENTER IN RUTILE
Authors: ZHANG HUA-MING , WU SHAO-YI , XU PEI , LI LI-LI
Published: August 2010

The spin Hamiltonian parameters (the anisotropic g factors and the hyperfine structure constants) and the local structure for the rhombic Cu2+center in rutile ( TiO2) are theoretically investigated using the formulas of these parameters for a 3d9ion in rhombically elongated octahedra. From the studies, the planar impurity-ligand bond angle is found to be about 5.8° larger than that for the host Ti4+site due to the Jahn–Teller effect via bending the planar Cu2+– O2-bonds, which yields much smaller rhombic distortion in the impurity center. The theoretical spin Hamiltonian parameters based on the above local angular distortion show good agreement with the experimental data, and the improvement of the calculation results are also achieved as compared with those of the previous works.
AN EXTERNAL CYLINDRICAL CLOAK WITH N-SIDED REGULAR POLYGONAL CROSS-SECTION BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY MEDIUM
Authors: YANG CHENGFU , HUANG MING , YANG JINGJING , XIAO ZHE , PENG JINHUI
Published: August 2010

An electromagnetic cloak is a device which makes an object "invisible" for electromagnetic irradiation in a certain frequency range. Material parameters for the complementary medium-assisted external cylindrical cloak with N-sided regular polygonal cross-section are derived based on combining the concepts of complementary media and transformation optics. It can make the object with an arbitrary shape outside the cloaking domain invisible, as long as an "anti-object" is embedded in the complementary layer. The external cloaking effect has been verified by full-wave simulation.
ROOM-TEMPERATURE COULOMB OSCILLATION OF Ni–Nb–Zr–H GLASSY ALLOY
Authors: FUKUHARA MIKIO , SATO RYO , SUZUKI TETSU , INOUE AKIHISA
Published: August 2010

The Ids–Vg characteristics of the aluminum-oxide glassy alloy ( Ni 0.36 Nb 0.24 Zr 0.40)90- H 10 field-effect transistor (GAFET) for gate–drain bias voltage from -50 to +50 μV were measured at room temperature. We observed four kinds of drain current oscillations for gate voltage at two-current plateau regions of -20~-15 and +35~+40 μV. The transistor showed the three-dimensional Coulomb diamond structure. From DC current standards I=ef, we get f=256 GHz for the first peak, being tunneling of one electron.
COSABuilder AND COSAInstantiator: AN EXTENSIBLE TOOL FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
Authors: ALTI ADEL , BOUKERRAM ABDELLAH , SMEDA ADEL , MAILLARD SYLVAIN , OUSSALAH MOURAD
Published: August 2010

As software systems grow, their complexity augments rapidly. In consequence their understandability and evolvability are becoming a difficult task. To address this issue, we have previously defined COSA (Component-Object based Software Architecture), which is a software architecture model that describes systems as a collection of components and connectors. However, COSA has been undertaken with academic rather than commercial goals. This paper presents a modeling tool (called COSABuilder) and instantiating tool (called COSAInstantiator) for COSA metamodel and describes their various features. Our contribution is not only offering MDA-based tools but also automatic instantiation and automatic verification of software architecture specifications. The goal is to preserve architecture traceability features in the modeling space and to create accurate architectures.
THE ROLE OF ANTIKAON CONDENSATES IN THE EQUATION OF STATE OF NEUTRON STARS
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ F. , MESQUITA A. , RAZEIRA M. , VASCONCELLOS C. A. Z.
Published: August 2010

We study the consequences of the presence of a negative electric charge condensate of antikaons in neutron stars using an effective model with derivative couplings. In our formalism, nucleons interact through the exchange of σ, ω and ϱ mesons, in the presence of electrons and muons, to accomplish electric charge neutrality and beta equilibrium. The phase transition to the antikaon condensate was implemented through the Gibbs conditions combined with the mean-field approximation, giving rise to a mixed phase of coexistence between nucleon matter and the antikaon condensate. Assuming neutrino-free matter, we observe a rapid decrease of the electron chemical potential produced by the gradual substitution of electrons by kaons to accomplish electric charge neutrality. The exotic composition of matter in neutron star including antikaon condensation and nucleons can yield a maximum mass of about M ns ~ 1.76 M ⊙.
A STUDY OF GAUSSIANITY IN CMB BAND MAPS
Authors: BERNUI A. , REBOUÇAS M. J. , TEIXEIRA A. F. F.
Published: August 2010

The detection of non-Gaussianity in the CMB data would rule out a number of inflationary models. A null detection of non-Gaussianity, instead, would exclude alternative models for the early universe. Thus, a detection or non-detection of primordial non-Gaussianity in the CMB data is crucial to discriminate among inflationary models, and to test alternative scenarios. However, there are various non-cosmological sources of non-Gaussianity. This makes important to employ different indicators in order to detect distinct forms of non-Gaussianity in CMB data. Recently, we proposed two new indicators to measure deviation from Gaussianity on large angular scales, and used them to study the Gaussianity of the raw band WMAP maps with and without the KQ75 mask. Here we extend this work by using these indicators to perform similar analyses of deviation from Gaussianity of the foreground-reduced Q, V, and W band maps. We show that there is a significant deviation from Gaussianity in the considered full-sky maps, which is reduced to a level consistent with Gaussianity when the KQ75 mask is employed.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF HYBRID STARS USING NAMBU–JONA–LASINIO MODELS
Authors: COELHO J. G. , LENZI C. H. , MALHEIRO M. , MARINHO R. M. , FIOLHAIS M.
Published: August 2010

We investigate the hadron-quark phase transition inside neutron stars and obtain mass–radius relations for hybrid stars. The equation of state for the quark phase using the standard NJL model is too soft, leading to an unstable star and suggesting a modification of the NJL model by introducing a momentum cutoff dependent on the chemical potential. However, even in this approach, the instability remains. In order to remedy the instability we suggest the introduction of a vector coupling in the NJL model, which makes the EoS stiffer, reducing the instability. We conclude that the possible existence of quark matter inside the stars require high densities, leading to very compact stars.
STRANGE MESON DECAY IN THE C3P0 MODEL
Authors: DE QUADROS J. N. , DA SILVA M. L. L. , DA SILVA D. T. , HADJIMICHEF D.
Published: August 2010

The successful mapping technique (Fock–Tani formalism) has produced a corrected 3P0 model ( C 3P0 model), which retains the basic aspects of the 3P0 predictions with the inclusion of bound-state corrections. In this work we have evaluated the decay amplitude of a strange quarkonia candidate, namely ϕ(1020). A comparison is made with the non-corrected model.
CAN COLD QUARK MATTER BE SOLID?
Authors: XU R.
Published: August 2010

The state of cold quark matter challenges both astrophysicists and particle physicists, and even many-body physicists. It is conventionally suggested that BCS-like color superconductivity occurs in cold quark matter; however, other scenarios with a ground state rather than of Fermi gas could still be possible. It is addressed that quarks are dressed and clustered in cold quark matter at realistic baryon densities of compact stars, since a weakly coupling treatment of the interaction between constituent quarks would not be reliable. Cold quark matter is conjectured to be in a solid state if thermal kinematic energy is much lower than the interaction energy of quark clusters, and such a state could be relevant to different manifestations of pulsar-like compact stars.
DECONFINEMENT TRANSITION IN PROTONEUTRON STARS
Authors: DO CARMO T. A. S. , LUGONES G.
Published: August 2010

In this paper we study the transition from hadron matter to quark matter in the presence of a gas of trapped electron neutrinos assuming color and flavor conservation during the transition. For the hadronic phase we use a parametrization of a nonlinear Walecka model which includes the whole baryon octet. For the quark matter phase we use MIT model including color superconductivity. Deconfinement is considered to be a first-order phase transition that conserves color and flavor. Our results show that neutrino trapping increases the deconfinement density but color superconductivity decreases it. As a consequence, the transition density in the protoneutron star phase is determined by a competition between between temperature, neutrino trapping and quark pairing.
CONSTRAINING THE NONEXTENSIVE MASS FUNCTION OF HALOS FROM BAO, CMB AND X-RAY DATA
Authors: MARASSI L. , CUNHA J. V. , LIMA J. A. S.
Published: August 2010

Clusters of galaxies are the most impressive gravitationally-bound systems in the universe, and their abundance (the cluster mass function) is an important statistic to probe the matter density parameter (Ωm) and the amplitude of density fluctuations (σ8). The cluster mass function is usually described in terms of the Press–Schecther (PS) formalism where the primordial density fluctuations are assumed to be a Gaussian random field. In previous works we have proposed a non-Gaussian analytical extension of the PS approach with basis on the q-power law distribution (PL) of the nonextensive kinetic theory. In this paper, by applying the PL distribution to fit the observational mass function data from X-ray highest flux-limited sample (HIFLUGCS), we find a strong degeneracy among the cosmic parameters, σ8, Ωm and the q parameter from the PL distribution. A joint analysis involving recent observations from baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) shift parameter is carried out in order to break these degeneracy and better constrain the physically relevant parameters. The present results suggest that the next generation of cluster surveys will be able to probe the quantities of cosmological interest (σ8, Ωm) and the underlying cluster physics quantified by the q-parameter.
EVOLUTION OF PROTONEUTRON STARS
Authors: ALLOY M. D. , MENEZES D. P.
Published: August 2010

In this work, we present results obtained from numerical simulations of the Kelvin–Helmholtz phase of the birth of a neutron star. The neutrino transport in the interior of the star is treated in the diffusion approximation. The numerical method we use is based on a scheme in which the transport and hydrostatic equations are solved separately. We use as input an equation of state obtained with the nonlinear Walecka model. Our results show the evolution of several thermodynamical quantities inside the star.
SCALAR SPECTRUM FROM A DYNAMICAL GRAVITY/GAUGE MODEL
Authors: DE PAULA W. , FREDERICO T.
Published: August 2010

We show that a dynamical AdS/QCD model is able to reproduce the linear Regge trajectories for the light-flavor sector of mesons with high spin and also for the scalar and pseudo-scalar ones. In addition the model has confinement by the Wilson loop criteria and a mass gap. We also calculate the decay amplitude of scalars into two pion with a good agreement with the available experimental data.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF EUCLIDEAN STARS
Authors: GOVENDER G. , GOVENDER M. , GOVINDER K. S.
Published: August 2010

A recent study of dissipative collapse considered a contracting sphere in which the areal and proper radii are equal throughout its evolution. The interior space–time was matched to the exterior Vaidya space–time which generated a temporal evolution equation at the boundary of the collapsing sphere. We present a solution of the boundary condition which allows the study of the gravitational and thermodynamical behavior of this particular radiating model.
THERMODYNAMICS OF INTERACTING ENTROPY-CORRECTED HOLOGRAPHIC DARK ENERGY IN A NON-FLAT FRW UNIVERSE
Authors: JAMIL MUBASHER , SHEYKHI AHMAD , FAROOQ M. UMAR
Published: August 2010

An entropy-corrected holographic dark energy (ECHDE) was recently proposed to explain the dark energy-dominated universe with the help of quantum corrections to the entropy–area relation in the setup of loop quantum cosmology. Using this new definition, we investigate its thermodynamical features including entropy and energy conservation. We describe the thermodynamical interpretation of the interaction between ECHDE and dark matter in a non-flat universe. We obtain a relation between the interaction term of the dark components and thermal fluctuation. Our study further generalizes the earlier works86, 87 in this direction.
MULTISCALE ENTROPY ANALYSIS OF THE PORTEVIN-LE CHATELIER EFFECT IN AN Al-2.5%Mg ALLOY
Authors: SARKAR A. , BARAT P. , MUKHERJEE P.
Published: August 2010

The complexity of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in Al-2.5%Mg polycrystalline samples subjected to uniaxial tensile tests is quantified. Multiscale entropy analysis is carried out on the stress time series data observed during jerky flow to quantify the complexity of the distinct spatiotemporal dynamical regimes. It is shown that for the static type C band, the entropy is very low for all the scales compared to the hopping type B and the propagating type A bands. The results are interpreted considering the time and length scales relevant to the effect.
LARGE AREA PARALLEL SURFACE NANOSTRUCTURING WITH LASER IRRADIATION THROUGH MICROLENS ARRAYS
Authors: LIM C. S. , HONG M. H. , LIN Y. , TAN L. S. , KUMAR A. SENTHIL , RAHMAN M.
Published: August 2010

In the past decade, the development of nanoelectronics and nano-optics has attracted much interest in surface nanostructuring of semiconductor materials. The irradiation of a microlens array by a laser beam generates many focused light spots, which can act as a direct writing tool on photo-polymer materials. This maskless surface nanostructuring technique enables thousands to millions of identical nano-features to be patterned in a couple of laser pulses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show that nano-features were patterned uniformly on the substrate surface, which suggests a versatile way of parallel surface nanostructuring over a large area. The simulation results of the energy flux distribution at the focal plane of the microlens arrays will also be discussed.
THE EXPENDING RETROGRESSION TIME OF HOT-EXTRUDED Sc-CONTAINING Al–Zn–Mg–Cu ALLOY
Authors: SHIM SUNG-YONG , KIM DAE-HWAN , SUNG YOUNG-ROCK , AHN IN-SHUP , LIM SU-GUN
Published: August 2010

In this paper, the retrogression and reaging (RRA) behavior and corrosion properties of Sc -containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy were observed. The dependence of the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance on the heat treatment condition was measured by hardness, tensile, C-ring and conductivity testing. The retrogression time for recovery of the yield strength of the alloy subjected to T6 treatment was 20 min at 200°C of retrogression temperature, which was longer than that of Al7075 alloy. The results of electrical conductivity and C-ring tests showed that the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in Sc -containing alloy treated for 20 min at 200°C was improved. These study results demonstrated the ability of the Sc -containing alloy to extend the retrogression time and thereby improve the SCC resistance and mechanical properties.
APPLICATION OF PCVD PROCESS TO UNIFORM COATING OF TiO2 THIN FILMS ON POLYPROPYLENE BEADS
Authors: KIM DONG-JOO , PHAM HUNG CUONG , KIM KYO-SEON
Published: August 2010

The growth of the TiO 2 thin films coated on the polypropylene beads was analyzed experimentally in a rotating cylindrical plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) reactor. The precursors for the thin films were generated by plasma reactions, and they deposited on the polypropylene beads to become the uniform thin films. The TiO 2 thin films grow more quickly on the polypropylene beads by increasing the mass flow rate of TTIP, or the rotation speed of the reactor. The smaller number of polypropylene beads in the reactor increases the growth rate of the thin films. The high-quality TiO 2 thin films can be coated on particles uniformly by using the rotating cylindrical PCVD process. The particles coated with high-quality TiO 2 thin films can be applied to the removal of air and water pollutants by a photodegradation reaction of TiO 2.
o-MINIMAL COHOMOLOGY: FINITENESS AND INVARIANCE RESULTS
Authors: BERARDUCCI ALESSANDRO , FORNASIERO ANTONGIULIO
Published: August 2010

The topology of definable sets in an o-minimal expansion of a group is not fully understood due to the lack of a triangulation theorem. Despite the general validity of the cell decomposition theorem, we do not know whether any definably compact set is a definable CW-complex. Moreover the closure of an o-minimal cell can have arbitrarily high Betti numbers. Nevertheless we prove that the cohomology groups of a definably compact set over an o-minimal expansion of a group are finitely generated and invariant under elementary extensions and expansions of the language.
THE FILTER DICHOTOMY AND MEDIAL LIMITS
Authors: LARSON PAUL B.
Published: August 2010

The Filter Dichotomy says that every uniform nonmeager filter on the integers is mapped by a finite-to-one function to an ultrafilter. The consistency of this principle was proved by Blass and Laflamme. A medial limit is a universally measurable function from [Formula: see text] to the unit interval [0, 1] which is finitely additive for disjoint sets, and maps singletons to 0 and ω to 1. Christensen and Mokobodzki independently showed that the Continuum Hypothesis implies the existence of medial limits. We show that the Filter Dichotomy implies that there are no medial limits.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (LAM.) DE WIT SSP. LEUCOCEPHALA (FABACEAE) IN SINGAPORE
Authors: LOK A. F. S. L. , TAN K.-X. , ANG W. F. , TAN H. T. W.
Published: August 2010

Leucaena leucaena ssp. leucocephala has become the fourth-most-rampant tree weed in Singapore, after Acacia auriculiformis, Falcataria mollucana, and Spathodea campanulata. The spread of the species around the island in recent times is believed to have been established from seed-contaminated soil, brought in from Malaysia or Indonesia for land reclamation and soil works. However, the species is more easily controlled because of its smaller size. It may be a potential candidate for use in reforestation projects in Singapore's nature reserves, to improve impoverished soils on exposed sites as well as to provide shade for seedling or saplings of forest species planted. More research should be done to ascertain the full potential of this species before categorizing it as another nuisance weed species.
A CHECKLIST OF THE SPONTANEOUS EXOTIC VASCULAR PLANT FLORA OF SINGAPORE
Authors: LOK A. F. S. L. , CHONG K. Y. , TAN K.-X. , TAN H. T. W.
Published: August 2010

The vegetation of Singapore has undergone many extreme disturbances since the founding of the Republic. As a consequence, many exotic species have been introduced, and many have become naturalized over the course of time. In this paper, we have compiled a list of exotic species that have a wild population independent of further human introductions (naturalized) or have escaped from cultivation but do not yet form independent wild populations (casuals). We also provide a list of species having a biogeographic distribution that includes Singapore, but are locally only found and thriving in artificial habitats or highly disturbed environments ("weeds of uncertain origin"). We discuss a suite of naturalized species which have been observed to possess the potential to penetrate closed canopy forests, in addition to other species for which the label "invasive" has formerly been applied, and make recommendations for efforts to be undertaken to properly define and document local records of exotic species introductions.
INTERNET MARKETING BUDGET ALLOCATION: FROM PRACTITIONER'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: ZHAO LAN , ZHU JISHAN
Published: August 2010

Consider a firm promotes its products through several Internet media with a fixed Internet marketing budget and models the budget allocation decisions as a competitive game, in which each firm formulates its own optimization model that is influenced by the competitors' moves as well. One challenge to the application of such model in practice is how to deal with asymmetric information. In this paper, we discuss several issues that are often asked by the practitioners that are related to dealing with asymmetric information. Among them are (1) how accurate of the estimated model used by the firm is good enough in the absence of other firms' strategy information; and (2) what the indicators are that currently used model becomes outdated.
CAUSAL MODELING OF WEB-ADVERTISING EFFECTS BY IMPROVING SEM BASED ON DEMATEL TECHNIQUE
Authors: WEI PAO-LIEN , HUANG JEN-HUNG , TZENG GWO-HSHIUNG , WU SHWU-ING
Published: August 2010

Causal analysis greatly affects the efficiency of decision-making. Scholars usually adopt structural equation modeling (SEM) to establish a causal model recently. However, statistical data allow researchers to modify the model frequently to arrive at good model fitness, and SEM is often misapplied when the data are merely fitted to an SEM and the theory is then extended from the analytical result based on presumed hypotheses. This paper proposed SEM modified by DEMATEL technique, taking causal model of Web-advertising effects for example. Having revealed that the new model is the one that conforms to actual data and is better than initial model, the results confirm that the DEMATEL technique can be an efficient, complementary, and confident approach for reprioritization of the amended modes in a SEM model. In addition, the most important factor affecting the Web-advertising effects may be found via the modified model, which benefits the manager for making strategic marketing plans.
MECHANISM DESIGN FOR OPTIMAL AUCTION OF DIVISIBLE GOODS
Authors: RAO CONGJUN , ZHAO YONG
Published: August 2010

In this paper, the auction of divisible goods is investigated and a mechanism design method for optimal auction of divisible goods is presented. First, the definitions of feasible allocations and divisible goods auctions are given based on several important assumptions of divisible goods auction. Second, an optimal auction mechanism of divisible goods is designed, and a method of how to use the uniform price auction to implement the optimal auctions is discussed under the background of allocating the total permitted pollution discharge capacity (TPPDC). Lastly, this method is applied to the environmental planning of Wuhan City Circle in Hubei Province, China.
ADAPTIVE DATA MINING APPROACH FOR FLOW REDIRECTION IN MULTIHOMED MOBILE ROUTER
Authors: KIM MIHUI , JUNG YUKYONG , CHAE KIJOON
Published: August 2010

On multihomed mobile router with several interfaces toward Internet, it is important to provide an efficient flow redirection (FR) method that changes the served interface according to each network status or user movement. However, currently as the mobile devices roams, the interface is selected as only the physical signal strength, thus efficient resource use or quality of service (QoS) support is not guaranteed. In this paper, we propose an adaptive data mining approach that provides the selection of influential attributes for FR and the proper FR decision model as the interface type. We analyze assuming network protocols in order to heuristically extract the FR candidate attributes for estimating the required QoS. We abstract theoretically the FR influential attributes through decision-tree algorithm, and finally obtain the proper FR decision models per each interface. Our simulation results show that our FR approach provides improved performances in comparison with current handover.
IRRATIONALITÉ AUX ENTIERS IMPAIRS POSITIFS D'UN q-ANALOGUE DE LA FONCTION ZÊTA DE RIEMANN
Authors: JOUHET FRÉDÉRIC , MOSAKI ELIE
Published: August 2010

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à un q-analogue aux entiers positifs de la fonction zêta de Riemann, que l'on peut écrire pour s ∈ ℕ* sous la forme ζq(s) = ∑k≥1qk∑d|kds-1. Nous donnons une nouvelle minoration de la dimension de l'espace vectoriel sur ℚ engendré, pour 1/q ∈ ℤ\{-1; 1} et A entier pair, par 1, ζq(3), ζq(5), …, ζq(A - 1). Ceci améliore un résultat récent de Krattenthaler, Rivoal et Zudilin ([13]). En particulier notre résultat a pour conséquence le fait que pour 1/q ∈ ℤ\{-1; 1}, au moins l'un des nombres ζq(3), ζq(5), ζq(7), ζq(9) est irrationnel.

In this paper, we focus on a q-analogue of the Riemann zeta function at positive integers, which can be written for s ∈ ℕ* by ζq(s) = ∑k≥1qk∑d|kds-1. We give a new lower bound for the dimension of the vector space over ℚ spanned, for 1/q ∈ ℤ\{-1; 1} and an even integer A, by 1, ζq(3), ζq(5), …, ζq(A-1). This improves a recent result of Krattenthaler, Rivoal and Zudilin ([13]). In particular, a consequence of our result is that for 1/q ∈ ℤ\{-1; 1}, at least one of the numbers ζq(3), ζq(5), ζq(7), ζq(9) is irrational.
SQUARENESS IN THE SPECIAL L-VALUE AND SPECIAL L-VALUES OF TWISTS
Authors: AGASHE AMOD
Published: August 2010

Let N be a prime and let A be a quotient of J0(N) over Q associated to a newform such that the special L-value of A (at s = 1) is non-zero. Suppose that the algebraic part of the special L-value of A is divisible by an odd prime q such that q does not divide the numerator of [Formula: see text]. Then the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts that the q-adic valuations of the algebraic part of the special L-value of A and of the order of the Shafarevich–Tate group are both positive even numbers. Under a certain mod q non-vanishing hypothesis on special L-values of twists of A, we show that the q-adic valuations of the algebraic part of the special L-value of A and of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjectural order of the Shafarevich–Tate group of A are both positive even numbers. We also give a formula for the algebraic part of the special L-value of A over quadratic imaginary fields K in terms of the free abelian group on isomorphism classes of supersingular elliptic curves in characteristic N (equivalently, over conjugacy classes of maximal orders in the definite quaternion algebra over Q ramified at N and ∞) which shows that this algebraic part is a perfect square up to powers of the prime two and of primes dividing the discriminant of K. Finally, for an optimal elliptic curve of arbitrary conductor E, we give a formula for the special L-value of the twist E-Dof E by a negative fundamental discriminant -D, which shows that this special L-value is an integer up to a power of 2, under some hypotheses. In view of the second part of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, this leads us to the surprising conjecture that the square of the order of the torsion subgroup of E-Ddivides the product of the order of the Shafarevich–Tate group of E-Dand the orders of the arithmetic component groups of E-D, under certain mild hypotheses.
CONSTRUCTING SIMULTANEOUS HECKE EIGENFORMS
Authors: SHEMANSKE T. , TRENEER S. , WALLING L.
Published: August 2010

It is well known that newforms of integral weight are simultaneous eigenforms for all the Hecke operators, and that the converse is not true. In this paper, we give a characterization of all simultaneous Hecke eigenforms associated to a given newform, and provide several applications. These include determining the number of linearly independent simultaneous eigenforms in a fixed space which correspond to a given newform, and characterizing several situations in which the full space of cusp forms is spanned by a basis consisting of such eigenforms. Part of our results can be seen as a generalization of results of Choie–Kohnen who considered diagonalization of "bad" Hecke operators on spaces with square-free level and trivial character. Of independent interest, but used herein, is a lower bound for the dimension of the space of newforms with arbitrary character.
METRIC DIOPHANTINE APPROXIMATION FOR SYSTEMS OF LINEAR FORMS VIA DYNAMICS
Authors: KLEINBOCK DMITRY , MARGULIS GREGORY , WANG JUNBO
Published: August 2010

The goal of this paper is to generalize the main results of [21] and subsequent papers on metric with dependent quantities to the set-up of systems of linear forms. In particular, we establish "joint strong extremality" of arbitrary finite collection of smooth non-degenerate submanifolds of ℝn. The proofs are based on generalized quantitative non-divergence estimates for translates of measures on the space of lattices.
RAY CLASS GROUPS OF QUADRATIC AND CYCLOTOMIC FIELDS
Authors: HOELSCHER JING LONG
Published: August 2010

This paper studies Galois extensions over real quadratic number fields or cyclotomic number fields ramified only at one prime. In both cases, the ray class groups are computed, and they give restrictions on the finite groups that can occur as such Galois groups.

Let [Formula: see text] be a real quadratic number field with a prime P lying above p in ℚ. If p splits in K/ℚ and p does not divide the big class number of K, then any pro-p extension of K ramified only at P is finite cyclic. If p is inert in K/ℚ, then there exist infinite extensions of K ramified only at P. Furthermore, for big enough integer k, the ray class field (mod Pk+1) is obtained from the ray class field (mod Pk) by adjoining ζpk+1.

In the case of a regular cyclotomic number field K = ℚ(ζp), the explicit structure of ray class groups (mod Pk) is given for any positive integer k, where P is the unique prime in K above p.
VARIATIONS ON HIGHER TWISTS OF PAIRS OF ELLIPTIC CURVES
Authors: ULAS MACIEJ
Published: August 2010

In this note we show that for any pair of elliptic curves E1, E2 over ℚ with j-invariant equal to 0, we can find a polynomial D ∈ ℤ[u, v, w, t] such that the sextic twists of the curves E1, E2 by D(u, v, w, t) have rank ≥ 2 over the field ℚ(u, v, w, t). A similar result is proved for simultaneous quartic twists of pairs of elliptic curves with j-invariant 1728.
从泰国潮剧变迁看华人的文化适应
Authors: 张长虹
Published: August 2010

泰国潮剧源于中国，经历了潮剧在泰国、泰国潮剧现代化和泰化潮剧三个阶段。本文尝试以泰国潮剧的变迁为个案，阐析华人从适应泰国文化、逐渐本土化乃至与泰族融合，产生新的文化样式的历程，并追溯其根源为：华人皈依小乘佛教、婆罗门教的礼法意识与潮人的文化心理相契合、中泰关系亲善与提倡族群对话的政治哲学、族群语言的相互影响，以及泰人对潮剧的接受。
HCl-induced inflammatory mediators in esophageal mucosa increase migration and production of H2O2by peripheral blood leukocytes
Authors: Ma Jie , Altomare Annamaria , de la Monte Suzanne , Tong Ming , Rieder Florian , Fiocchi Claudio , Behar Jose , Shindou Hideo , Biancani Piero , Harnett Karen M.
Published: August 2010

Exposure of esophageal mucosa to hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of reflux disease. We examined supernatant of HCl-exposed rabbit mucosa for inflammatory mediators enhancing migration of leukocytes and production of H2O2as an indicator of leukocyte activation. A tubular segment of rabbit esophageal mucosa was tied at both ends to form a sac, which was filled with HCl-acidified Krebs buffer at pH 5 (or plain Krebs buffer as control) and kept oxygenated at 37°C. The medium around the sac (supernatant) was collected after 3 h. Rabbit peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were isolated, and sac supernatant was used to investigate PBL migration and H2O2production. HCl-exposed esophageal mucosa released substance P (SP), CGRP, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and IL-8 into the supernatant. PBL migration increased in response to IL-8 or to supernatant of the HCl-filled mucosal sac. Supernatant-induced PBL migration was inhibited by IL-8 antibodies and by antagonists for PAF (CV3988) or neurokinin 1 (i.e., SP), but not by a CGRP antagonist. Supernatant of the HCl-filled mucosal sac increased H2O2release by PBL that was significantly reduced by CV3988 and by a SP antagonist but was not affected by IL-8 antibodies or by a CGRP antagonist. We conclude that IL-8, PAF, and SP are important inflammatory mediators released by esophageal mucosa in response to acid that promote PBL migration. In addition, PAF and SP induce production of H2O2by PBL. These findings provide a direct link between acid exposure and recruitment and activation of immune cells in esophageal mucosa.
Roles of prostaglandin E2-EP1 receptor signaling in regulation of gastric motor activity and emptying
Authors: Mizuguchi Sumito , Ohno Takashi , Hattori Youichiro , Ae Takako , Minamino Tsutomu , Satoh Takehito , Arai Katsuharu , Saeki Takeo , Hayashi Izumi , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Narumiya Shuh , Saigenji Katsunori , Majima Masataka
Published: August 2010

It is widely accepted that the inhibition of gastric motor activity as well as the maintenance of gastric mucosal blood flow and mucous secretion are important for the homeostasis of the gastric mucosa. The present study was performed to ascertain whether or not endogenous PGs, which can protect the stomach from noxious stimuli, affect gastric motor activity and emptying. The myoelectrical activity of rat gastric smooth muscle was increased at intragastric pressures of over 2 cmH2O. Replacement of intragastric physiological saline with 1 M NaCl solution significantly increased PGI2and PGE2in stomach and suppressed the myoelectrical activity under a pressure of 2 cmH2O by 70%. Indomethacin inhibited the suppression of myoelectrical activity by 1 M NaCl. The myoelectrical activity under a pressure of 2 cmH2O was suppressed by continuous infusion of a selective EP1 agonist (ONO-DI-004, 3–100 nmol·kg−1·min−1) into the gastric artery in a dose-dependent manner, but not by that of the PGI receptor agonist beraprost sodium (100 nmol·kg−1·min−1). Suppression of myoelectrical activity with 1 M NaCl was inhibited by continuous infusion of a selective EP1 antagonist (ONO-8711, 100 nmol·kg−1·min−1) into the gastric artery. Furthermore, gastric emptying was tested in EP1 knockout mice and their wild-type counterparts. Gastric emptying was strongly suppressed with intragastric 1 M NaCl in wild-type mice, but this 1 M NaCl-induced suppression was not seen in EP1 knockout mice. These results suggest that PGE2-EP1 signaling has crucial roles in suppression of myoelectrical activity of gastric smooth muscles and inhibition of gastric emptying and that EP1 is an obvious target for drugs that control gastric emptying.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 production in bone is directly regulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, but not PTH
Authors: Saji Fumie , Shigematsu Takashi , Sakaguchi Toshifumi , Ohya Masaki , Orita Hikari , Maeda Yuka , Ooura Maki , Mima Toru , Negi Shigeo
Published: August 2010

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is primarily produced by osteocytes in bone, regulates renal phosphate excretion and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] metabolism. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased levels of circulating serum FGF23, but the direct effect on circulating FGF23 levels in renal insufficiency is still unclear. To identify the major regulator of FGF23 synthesis in renal insufficiency, we compared the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25(OH)2D3 on FGF23 synthesis in the calvariae of normal rats with that of uremic rats in vitro. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly increased the FGF23 concentration in the medium from both groups, but the degree of increase in the uremic group was markedly higher than in the control group. A significant increase in FGF23 mRNA expression occurred as early as 4 h after treatment and reached the maximum within 8 h in the uremic group, whereas in the normal group a significant increase in FGF23 mRNA expression was observed only at 8 h. In addition, the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA in the calvariae of uremic rats was markedly higher than in normal rats. However, in neither group did PTH treatment affect the medium FGF23 concentration or the FGF23 mRNA levels. These results suggest that FGF23 synthesis in bone is regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 directly, not by PTH, and that increased VDR mRNA expression induced the relatively swift and strong response in the uremic group.
Prevention of Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis with Infliximab
Authors: Kim Yoon Jae , Hong Kyung Sook , Chung Jun Won , Kim Ju Hyun , Hahm Ki Baik
Published: August 2010

The emergence of infliximab was an epochal event in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because colitis-associated cancers arose in the setting of chronic inflammation, during which “inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence” prevails and anti-inflammatory agents can prevent carcinogenesis, we hypothesized whether infliximab can prevent colitic cancer in animal models for which C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 15 cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with each cycle consisting of 0.7% DSS for 1 week followed by sterilized water for 10 days. Infliximab (4 mg/kg i.v.) was given on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks or 25th, 27th, and 31st weeks of cycle according to “step-up” versus “top-down” strategy. Molecular change about inflammation and carcinogenesis was compared between groups. Multiple colorectal tumors developed in 75% to 80% of control mice, whereas only 16.7% of mice treated with infliximab on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks developed colon tumors. Significant decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α level, mast cell number, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were observed in top-down strategy using infliximab. The expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-11 were significantly decreased in mice treated with infliximab accompanied with attenuated numbers of “β-catenin–accumulated crypts.” In animal group where infliximab was administered at later stage of 25th, 27th, and 31st weeks, no reduction in tumorigenesis was noted. These biological effects of infliximab were further explored in in vitro experiment using Raw264.7 and Jurkat T cells. Conclusively, earlier and intensive therapy with infliximab should be considered for either mitigating clinical course or preventing ultimate development of colitic cancer in high-risk IBD patients. Cancer Prev Res; 3(10); 1314–33. ©2010 AACR.
Screening for Oral Premalignancy and Cancer: What Platform and Which Biomarkers?
Authors: Lingen Mark W.
Published: August 2010

This perspective on the report by Pattani et al. in this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1093) examines the utility of detecting hypermethylation of the candidate tumor suppressor genes endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) and kinesin family member 1A (KIF1A) as a means of oral cancer or premalignancy screening. The data discussed here raise the possibility that saliva-based hypermethylation studies may hold promise as a cancer screening platform. This perspective also discusses some of the challenges and current limitations of developing biomarkers to screen not only for oral premalignancy and early cancer but for human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal neoplasia as well. Cancer Prev Res; 3(9); 1056–9. ©2010 AACR.
Impact of Gender Differences on the Outcome of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sinforiani E. , Citterio A. , Zucchella C. , Bono G. , Corbetta S. , Merlo P. , Mauri M.
Published: August 2010

Background and Aims: Since little is known about the role of gender in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a prospective epidemiological study was conducted to detect gender differences in relation to AD evolution and outcome. Methods: Six hundred AD patients, 214 men and 386 women, first seen between September 2000 and December 2003, were enrolled; the follow-up period lasted until December 2008. Results: The men had greater comorbidity and higher mortality than the women, who instead recorded more disability and longer survival. Survival curves showed that women reach partial loss of autonomy faster than men. Higher Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores at baseline showed a predictive value for loss of autonomy regardless of gender. Pharmacological treatment seems to have a protective role on disability and mortality. Conclusions: Gender influences disease evolution not only directly but also through other factors such as comorbidity.
Postoperative Recurrence as an Associated Factor of Malignant Transformation of Oral Dysplastic Leukoplakia
Authors: Yang Shih-Wei , Wu Chang-Jer , Lee Yun-Shien , Chen Tai-An , Tsai Chi-Neu
Published: August 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the clinically associated factors of malignant transformation in patients who received laser surgery for oral dysplastic leukoplakia. Procedures: The clinicopathological data of patients receiving laser surgery for dysplastic leukoplakia from 2002 to 2008 and HPV genomic DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens were analyzed statistically. Results: A total 114 patients, 90 males and 24 females with an average age of 49.7 ± 12.2 years were enrolled. The follow-up period ranged from 1.07 to 7.43 years (mean 3.4 ± 1.3 years). Thirteen cases had malignant transformation (11.4%). Multiple-focus lesions, non-homogeneous leukoplakia, high-grade dysplasia and recurrence after laser treatment were significant factors in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that recurrence (relative risk = 9.40) was the independent prognostic factor for malignant transformation. Conclusions: Recurrence after laser treatment is an independent prognostic factor predicting malignant transformation of dysplastic oral leukoplakia.