bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATION OF FLIGTHS ON THE DRILLING AND PRODUCTION INSTALLATIONS, IN THE FIELD OF THE SAFETY OF FLIGHT`S PASSANGER
Authors: Mrozowska Alicja
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses the rules of organizing flights to offshore installations in the wide aspect of safety of passenger and cargo transport by air. The study, analysis the institutions responsible for the safety and organization of air transport, with particular emphasis on the work carry out on the British Shelf and the Baltic Sea. In addition, selected requirements for helicopters, air operators and offshore installations, in particular landing area, equipment and installations readiness to take the helicopter were presented in terms of on board, along with operational procedures for ensuring safety and flight organization.
PERCEPTION OF THE ENTITY'S SECURITY
Authors: Kupiński Jerzy
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the definition of security as the state of affairs in which the subject is located. Attention was focused on objective and subjective perception of security. On the basis of the quoted views, an attempt was made to create a conceptual apparatus enabling the assessment of safety states and danger in correlation with the right and wrong perception of the subject of perceiving opportunities and threats to its environment
Die Regierungsform in Polen und Ungarn im Vergleich
Authors: Vries Tina de , Küpper Herbert
Published: January 2020

In the history of the state as well as in their legal history, Poland and Hungary have many parallel aspects in common. This article aims to analyze the position of the head of state in these two, often-referred to as central-eastern European “illiberal reform states”, shedding light on the pre-socialist and the socialist period towards the contemporary period, election procedures and competences of the head of state in both countries. The article concludes that the Polish government system in a significant way resembles the model of the Fifth French Republic (semi-presidentialism), whereas in Hungary there is a parliamentary system with a relatively moderate position of the head of state. Notwithstanding these differences, the article states that currently in both countries anti-constitutional populist backsliding tendencies can be observed.
Von der „nationalen Nebenwahl“ zur „europäisierten Wahl“? Die Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament vom 26. Mai 2019
Authors: Niedermayer Oskar
Published: January 2020

It is questionable if the concept of the European election as a second-order national election is still a useful explanatory model or if the European election has become a relevant “Europeanized” election . Therefore, six hypotheses about the orientations as well as the turnout and the electoral behavior of the electorate at European elections in comparison to national parliamentary elections are developed and empirically tested by analyzing the campaign and results of the European election 2019 in Germany . Four of the six hypotheses can be confirmed . Nevertheless, in view of the changes of many indicators one can speak of a “Europeanization” of the European election . Additionally, the composition of the parliament in comparison to the situation after the 2014 elections is discussed, concentrating on the rise of the right-wing parties . Finally, the article deals with the conflict between the European Parliament and the European Council concerning the election of the successor of Jean-Claude Juncker as President of the European Commission . [ZParl, vol . 50 (2019), no . 4, pp . 691 - 714]
Das TV-Duell Timmermans gegen Weber: Wahrnehmung und Wirkungen von TV-Debatten am Beispiel der Europawahl 2019
Authors: Waldvogel Thomas
Published: January 2020

While the perception processes and effects of political TV duels at the (sub-)national level have been examined in great detail, studies with a similar scope of analytical profoundness and detail for TV duels at the European level are largely lacking . Therefore, the perceptions and effects of the duel between Manfred Weber (EVP) and Frans Timmermans (S&D) on the perception of the debate’s winner, the attitudes towards the candidates and voting intentions under consideration of the real-time reactions (RTR) of its viewers are analysed . In addition to the duel’s general perception, one can identify the determinants of the verdicts on the debate’s winner, the candidate evaluations including their images as well as the voting intentions of our study participants and show that the debate’s reception has significant effects . Aside from political predispositions, it is primarily the immediate perception during the debate, captured by real-time-response measurement that possesses great explanatory power . The data verify that the duel’s reception at the European level has significant effects on political cognitions, motivations, and audiences’ attitudes and therefore can be regarded as an effective instrument in European election campaigns . Such duels have the potential to contribute to the strengthening of the democratic quality of the European Union . [ZParl, vol . 50 (2019), no . 4, pp . 736 - 753]
Arbeitsintensivierung in den Betrieben. Problemdeutungen und Handlungsfelder von Betriebsräten
Authors: Ahlers Elke
Published: January 2020

Für Betriebsräte ist das Thema Arbeitsintensivierung ein wichtiges Handlungsfeld. Sie sehen in der Begrenzung der Arbeitsintensivierung eine der größten Herausforderungen für die betriebliche Interessenvertretung. Seit Jahren fordern sie, die Arbeitsintensität in den Belegschaften zu verringern, vor allem über die Einstellung von mehr Personal, angemessene Führung und besseren Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz. Anhand der Befunde der WSI-Betriebsrätebefragungen 2018 macht dieser Beitrag deutlich, dass neben der hohen Arbeitsmenge und den komplexeren Leistungsanforderungen auch hausgemachte betriebsstrategische Rahmenbedingungen für die Arbeitsintensivierung in den Betrieben verantwortlich gemacht werden, beispielsweise dauerhafte Personalengpässe oder Umstrukturierungen. Ferner zeigen die repräsentativen Befunde, dass einige Betriebe erste Schritte gegen die Arbeitsintensivierung unternehmen.
(Fehlende) Selbstbestimmung über die Arbeitszeit und Abschalten von der Arbeit. Welche Rolle spielen Intensität und Extensivierung der Arbeit ?
Authors: Lott Yvonne
Published: January 2020

Wie sind Selbstbestimmung über die Arbeitszeit (d. h. Gleitzeit und völlig selbstbestimmte Arbeitszeiten) bzw. fehlende Selbstbestimmung über die Arbeitszeit (d. h. feste Arbeitszeiten und arbeitgeberorientierte flexible Arbeitszeiten) mit dem Spillover von Erwerbsarbeit ins Privatleben – also dem Nicht-Abschalten von der Arbeit während der arbeitsfreien Zeiten –, bei Frauen und Männer verbunden? Und falls sie mit (fehlender) Selbstbestimmung über die Arbeitszeit schlecht von der Arbeit abschalten können, geschieht das aufgrund von hoher Intensität bzw. Extensivierung der Arbeit? Die Autorin diskutiert diese Fragen anhand von multivariaten Analysen auf der Grundlage von Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) 2011 und 2012. Sie zeigt, dass Extensivierung ein Grund für den Spillover von Erwerbsarbeit ins Privatleben ist. Doch gilt dies in erster Linie bei völlig selbstbestimmten Arbeitszeiten und auch nur bei Männern. Unvorhersagbarkeit und Unzuverlässigkeit von Arbeitszeiten scheinen Gründe für den Spillover bei arbeitgeberorientierten flexiblen Arbeitszeiten zu sein, dies jedoch hauptsächlich bei Frauen.
Arbeitsschutz und individuelle Gesundheitskompetenz. Perspektiven der Prävention von Arbeitsintensivierung in der „Arbeit 4.0“
Authors: Georg Arno , Guhlemann Kerstin
Published: January 2020

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Frage, ob das bestehende Arbeitsschutzsystem die erforderlichen Schutz- und Gestaltungsmaßnahmen für die Beschäftigten zur Prävention der mit Digitalisierungsprozessen einhergehenden Arbeitsintensivierungen leisten kann und welche Rolle dem Kompetenzaufbau dabei zukommt. Das vorgeschlagene Konzept der individuellen arbeitsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz bietet Potenziale für Schutz und Gestaltung. Ausgangspunkt ist der Befund, dass im Rahmen der Digitalisierung von immer mehr Arbeitsanteilen besonders die psychosozialen Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten steigen und Arbeitsintensivierung insbesondere eine Folge der Vermischung von Arbeit und Privatem sein kann. Darauf deuten Befunde einer explorativen Studie zur Frage nach der Wirksamkeit des Arbeitsschutzsystems hin. Die Ergebnisse gewähren einen tiefen Einblick in Strukturen, Konflikte und Ambivalenzen im Bemühen um sichere und gesunde Arbeitsbedingungen und zeigen, dass betriebliche Vorgehensweisen und institutionelle Arbeitsschutzstrukturen neu justiert werden müssen. Anderenfalls wird Arbeitsintensivierung zu einem blinden Fleck betrieblicher Gestaltungsbemühungen.
The role of law in the Rule of law, the contribution of academics in Lao PDR
Authors: Simon Perrine
Published: January 2020

Cet article traite des rapports entre formation juridique et État de droit au Laos, notamment à travers l’expérience du projet de coopération interuniversitaire entre l’Université du Luxembourg et l’Université Nationale du Laos. L’étude revient d’abord sur le cadre théorique et concret dans lequel intervient cette coopération en s’intéressant au concept d’État de droit et à son lien avec l’aide au développement, à la transplantation du concept d’État de droit dans le droit laotien ainsi qu’à sa mise en œuvre. La contribution propose ensuite un état des lieux de la situation universitaire au Laos en mettant l’accent sur la contribution de l’assistance internationale à l’élaboration d’une Faculté de droit. Enfin, l’article souligne les paramètres culturels et politiques qui viennent limiter les travaux universitaires, particulièrement la difficulté d’accéder à des sources et ressources juridiques. En conclusion, l’auteur insiste sur la nécessité de forger une culture juridique laotienne via l’université pouvant permettre de soutenir une transition effective vers l’État de droit.
The Effects of 8 Weeks Yoga and Cardiac Rehabilitation Training on Interlukin-6 and High Sensitivity C-Reaction Proteins After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fathollahi Zahra , Ghazalian Farshad , Nikbakht Hojatollah , Lotfian Sara , Nikpajouh Akbar
Published: January 2020

Background: Coronary artery bypass surgery is a common method for coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment, which in turn activates pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP). Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks Yoga and cardiac rehabilitation training on IL-6 and hs-CRP after coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: The subjects of this randomized control trial study consist of 20 male patients (40 - 75 years old) who experienced coronary artery bypass surgery. They were randomly assigned in cardiac rehabilitation training group (CRT, n = 10) and combined training group (Yoga-cardiac rehabilitation) (YCRT, n = 10). Plasma levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were assessed at baseline and end of the study. The CRT group performed cardiac rehabilitation program with 60% - 85% of maximum heart rate for 1 hour three days a week. The YCRT group performed one session in between cardiac rehabilitation and Yoga training for 1 hour three days in a week. All subjects completed training sessions at the cardiac rehabilitation center of Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center in Tehran for 8 weeks. SPSS software was used for analysis. Covariance analysis was used to compare groups (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Despite a small decline in IL-6 (10.90 to 8.77 in CRT group, 9.87 to 9.40 in YCRT group (and hs-CRP (2.58 to 2.00 in CRT group, 3.67 to 3.13 in YCRT group), there weren’t any significant differences in IL-6 (P = 0.160) and hs-CRP (P = 0.234) levels between two groups. Conclusions: It could be proposed to add Yoga training to cardiac rehabilitation program after coronary artery bypass surgery.
A Conceptual Model of Succession Management at Medical Universities: Experience of Iranian Higher Education Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Pourmirza Kalhori Reza , Laei Susan , Kavyani Elham , Malekian Faramarz
Published: January 2020

Background: The higher education system needs to succession management based on academic environments and its professional dynamics. Objectives: The present study aimed to modeling succession management at medical universities based on grounded theory. Methods: Through reviewing the related texts, articles and 12 semi-structured interviews with faculty members of medical universities in three stages of open, axial and selective coding, the data were analyzed. Results: The results were indicative of twelve general categories as follows: main phenomenon (meritocracy, management skills and strategic management), causal conditions (organizational structure, human resources management, beliefs of senior manager and rules); strategies (career path development, knowledge-based management, productivity management, financial resources management, organizational stability and academic independence); underlying conditions (complexity, research orientation, interactions within the educational groups, the crisis of shortage of capable directors, native provincial management, appointment of directors from within universities, detecting talents, policy-making councils, non-competitive rewards, key positions, organizational misconduct, political atmosphere, and pressures to the university); interventional conditions (organizational culture and environment, managerial experience, physical fitness and knowledge capacity) and consequences (improving satisfaction, ethics management, using academic models, dynamic universities, increasing organizational motivation and the existence of counseling culture). Conclusions: This study suggested a succession management model in medical sciences universities. According to the findings, special differences such as meritocracy, environmental complexity, managers’ scientific and professional maturity, the centrality of science in production, the political sensitivities of the community and the use of proprietary scientific models of succession management in universities can be found between the establishment of succession management in higher education compared to other organizations.
Coming into the Country
Authors: Piccolo Samuel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This article is about nationalism from an unlikely perspective: Hannah Arendt. Though Arendt is famously no supporter of nationalism, I argue that her writing on narrative provides an illuminative way of examining the phenomenon. In the first section, I build upon Arendt’s narrative theory—and Leah Bradshaw’s analysis of it—to develop a distinction between narratively true stories and false ones, or reveries. I argue that while Arendt’s work on the matter often pertain to the tales of individuals, the thought is transferable to the stories of nations. In the latter half of the paper, I turn these two questions on to instances of contemporary nationalism. Section two is on England, and section three is on Israel. I do not suggest that my conclusion about these case studies are definitive, but I do hope that their inclusion in this paper helps to demonstrate how Arendt’s philosophic analysis could be turned on the world.
Compromiso con el deporte y su relación con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes
Authors: Schmidt Vanina , Celsi Ignacio , Molina María Fernanda , Raimundi María Julia , García-Arabehety María , Pérez-Gaido Mauro , Iglesias Darío Hernán , González María Alejandra
Published: January 2020

El consumo de alcohol representa uno de los problemas más graves de salud pública a nivel global. Si bien se señala al deporte como estrategia mundial efectiva para amortiguar el impacto de esta problemática, los estudios han concluido que no es el deporte per se sino aspectos motivacionales asociados al mismo los que podrían tener efectos protectores. El compromiso con el deporte no ha sido indagado como posible factor protector del consumo de alcohol. Objetivo: Indagar la relación entre el compromiso con el deporte y el consumo de alcohol. El compromiso (engagement) se define como proceso cognitivo-afectivo persistente y positivo caracterizado por la creencia en la propia capacidad para lograr un nivel de rendimiento y conseguir metas (confianza), el deseo de invertir esfuerzo y tiempo en el logro de objetivos importantes para uno (dedicación), el vigor o vivacidad física, mental y emocional (energía) y la sensación de disfrute (entusiasmo). Método. Participantes: 362 jóvenes (15 a 29 años) deportistas de Argentina. Instrumentos: Cuestionario socio-demográfico, Cuestionario de Compromiso con el Deporte (AEQ), Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT-C). Procesamiento: Se realizó análisis de varianza y regresión logística con el paquete SPSS v.21. Resultados: los deportistas consumen tanto como los no deportistas pero quienes presentan mayor energía invertida en su deporte, realizan con menos frecuencia un consumo usual y excesivo. La cantidad de alcohol que consumen no se asocia a ningún componente del compromiso con el deporte. Los resultados se discuten considerando variables del contexto cultural.
Presentación de las tareas por el profesor, necesidades psicológicas y vitalidad subjetiva en alumnos de educación física
Authors: Tristán José , Vergara Torres Argenis Peniel , Vanegas Farfano Minerva , Espino Verdugo Francisco , Medina Corrales Marina , Tomás Inés
Published: January 2020

Tomando como base la teoría de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (Deci y Ryan, 2002), en este estudio se examinó si la percepción que tiene el alumno de la presentación de las tareas por parte del profesor predice la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y éstas a su vez predicen el bienestar (vitalidad subjetiva) de los alumnos en la sesión de educación física. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 515 niños (272 hombres [M = 11.28 años; DT = .49] y 243 mujeres [M = 11.36 años; DT = .48]) estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria (M = 11.32; DT = .48), que cumplimentaron los instrumentos que evaluaban las variables del estudio. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales indicaron que la presentación de las tareas actuó como predictor positivo de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y que éstas a su vez predijeron positivamente la vitalidad subjetiva. Los análisis de mediación indicaron que la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas medió parcialmente la relación entre la percepción que tiene el alumno de la presentación de las tareas por el profesor y el bienestar psicológico de los alumnos de educación física.
Do sporting experiences predict team cohesion in youth athletes?
Authors: Nascimento  Junior José Roberto Andrade do , Da Silva Adson Alves , Granja Carla Thamires Laranjeira , De Oliveira Daniel Vicentini , Reis Batista Roseana Pacheco , Fortes Leonardo de Sousa
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between sporting experiences and the perception of team cohesion according to sex among youth Brazilian recreational athletes. Participants were 253 youth athletes with age average of 12.97 ± 0.98 years.  Athletes represented the following sports: Indoor soccer (n=20); basketball (n=62); handball (n=123) and; volleyball (n=48). The instruments used were the Youth Experience Survey for Sport (P-YES-S) and the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (P-YSEQ). Independent sample t-test revealed significant difference between sexes in the dimensions of Personal Skills (p=0.02) and Task Cohesion (p=0.02). The following significant correlations were found for girls: Task Cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.48), Initiative Experiences (r=0.37); and Social Cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.41), Cognitive Skills (r=0.43) and Initiative Experiences (r=0.32). For boys, it was found the following correlations: Task Cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.19), Initiative Experiences (r=0.42) and Negative Experiences (r=-0.22); and Social cohesion with Personal Skills (r=0.18) and Initiative Experiences (r=0.30). Multiple regression analysis indicated that sports experiences are significant predictors of task (R2=0.21; F=17.838; p<0.01) and social cohesion (R2=0.10; F=7.440; p<0.01). It can be concluded that positive sporting experiences may predict social and task cohesion among youth athletes.
Eccentric/Exzentrisch: On Gould, Gulda, and Becoming a Cultural Icon
Authors: Carpenter Alexander
Published: January 2020

This article considers how cultural icons are formed and compares the cultural backgrounds, careers, and reputations of two of the most talented—if most “eccentric”—classical musicians of the twentieth century: Canadian pianist and broadcaster Glenn Gould, and Austrian pianist, composer, and provocateur Friedrich Gulda. Gould is a celebrated Canadian icon whose well-publicized eccentricities as a musical interpreter and an individual count favourably towards his iconic status; Gulda, while a pianist of similar skill and accomplishments, is regarded as an ambivalent—if not scandalous—figure in Austrian cultural history, precisely because of his eccentric behaviour and genre-bending performances.
Les enjeux de la cartographie sonore par rapport à la frontière de la neutralité
Authors: Leloup Rainier
Published: January 2020

Les cartographies sonores émergent et se développent de plus en plus depuis les années 2000. À l’origine, il ne s’agissait que d’une simple représentation sonique d’un lieu, mais progressivement ces interfaces numériques ont basculées de « cartes » à « contre-cartes » par l’engagement social, culturel ou politique de leurs créateurs. Outre des ambiances sonores, ces « contre-cartes » révèlent des points de vue particuliers sur l’environnement quotidien d’un individu, sans se soumettre à un contrôle d’une quelconque autorité. Cet article observe les enjeux de ces créations à travers plusieurs exemples et propose un modèle d’analyse des indices topographiques d’un enregistrement sonore.
Les écrits des missionnaires oblats de Marie-Immaculée sur les Montagnais-Naskapis dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle
Authors: Charest Paul
Published: January 2020

Cet article est le résultat d’un long travail, échelonné sur plusieurs années dans des archives missionnaires et dans la littérature, visant à rassembler des écrits de nature ethnographique concernant les Montagnais-Naskapis (Innus) rédigés par les missionnaires oblats dans la seconde moitié duxixe siècle. Parmi des centaines de textes recueillis, vingt-huit ont été retenus et analysés à l’aide d’une liste de mots-clés regroupés sous seize thèmes correspondant au contenu général d’une monographie classique en anthropologie. La démarche adoptée se résume en trois points : constater la grande continuité culturelle entre les Montagnais duxviie siècle et ceux duxixe siècle ; comparer les informations du père Le Jeune sur la religion traditionnelle des Montagnais avec celles fournies par les pères oblats ; souligner les changements culturels vécus par eux dans la seconde moitié duxixe siècle. Les buts visés par l’auteur sont de faire connaître l’existence de ces textes aux chercheurs intéressés, d’en résumer le contenu et d’évaluer leur contribution ethnographique à la connaissance de la société et de la culture innues.
Les enjeux de la traduction d’ouvrages de sciences sociales sur les Autochtones au Québec
Authors: Raynault-Desgagné Patricia
Published: January 2020

Cet article porte sur les enjeux traductologiques qui se sont posés lors de l’exercice de traduction du texte de Toby Morantz sur les Cris de la Baie-James, paru en 2002 chez McGill-Queen’s University Press. Les défis auxquels la traductrice a été confrontée l’ont amenée à se questionner de façon plus large sur les enjeux associés à la traduction et à la publication d’ouvrages anthropologiques portant sur les Autochtones au Québec. Dans un premier temps, cet article tente d’identifier certains éléments contextuels, notamment le contexte éditorial, qui permettraient d’expliquer la faible quantité de traductions d’ouvrages portant sur les Premières Nations et mettant en perspective le capital symbolique relatif des différents acteurs concernés par ce genre de publications ainsi que par ce sujet d’étude. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article aborde les enjeux associés à la traduction en soi d’une oeuvre anthropologique en cette ère postcoloniale. Est-il possible et souhaitable, pour les anthropologues eurocanadiens dont fait partie l’auteure de cet article, de participer à la « décolonisation » de l’histoire au moyen de la traduction d’un texte ethnohistorique, dans le contexte éditorial actuel au Québec ?
Effet des facteurs sociaux sur la réalisation des pics mélodiques en français spontané en milieu minoritaire
Authors: Kaminskaïa Svetlana
Published: January 2020

Dans cet article, nous examinons l’effet des facteurs d’âge et de sexe sur l’alignement des tons hauts (H) associés à l’accent final du groupe rythmique en français spontané parlé en contact intense avec l’anglais en Ontario. La langue anglaise présente un alignement tonal plus stable que la langue française, ce qui nous fait aussi nous demander si la situation de contact linguistique affecte la réalisation des pics mélodiques en français minoritaire. Les résultats de l’analyse indiquent que les locuteurs plus jeunes et les femmes réalisent les sommets mélodiques plus tard que les participants plus âgés et les hommes. Dans la variété étudiée, comme dans des variétés en contextes majoritaires, la zone de la réalisation des tons H reste relativement large bien que l’on remarque une tendance à son rétrécissement. L’hypothèse de l’influence de l’anglais dans la réalisation du pic tonal en français minoritaire en Ontario ne peut donc être complètement réfutée.
Microtubule plus-end dynamics link wound repair to the innate immune response
Authors: Taffoni Clara , Omi Shizue , Huber Caroline , Mailfert Sébastien , Fallet Mathieu , Rupprecht Jean-François , Ewbank Jonathan J , Pujol Nathalie
Published: January 2020

The skin protects animals from infection and physical damage. In Caenorhabditis elegans, wounding the epidermis triggers an immune reaction and a repair response, but it is not clear how these are coordinated. Previous work implicated the microtubule cytoskeleton in the maintenance of epidermal integrity (Chuang et al., 2016). Here, by establishing a simple wounding system, we show that wounding provokes a reorganisation of plasma membrane subdomains. This is followed by recruitment of the microtubule plus end-binding protein EB1/EBP-2 around the wound and actin ring formation, dependent on ARP2/3 branched actin polymerisation. We show that microtubule dynamics are required for the recruitment and closure of the actin ring, and for the trafficking of the key signalling protein SLC6/SNF-12 toward the injury site. Without SNF-12 recruitment, there is an abrogation of the immune response. Our results suggest that microtubule dynamics coordinate the cytoskeletal changes required for wound repair and the concomitant activation of innate immunity.
Driving Forces of Employees’ Entrepreneurial Intentions - Leadership Style and Organizational Structure
Authors: Erić Nielsen Jelena , Babić Verica , Stojanović-Aleksić Vesna , Nikolić Jelena
Published: January 2020

Research Question: The purpose of this paper is to explore how leadership style and organizational structure characteristics influence employees’ intentions to start their own entrepreneurial ventures, ideas or projects, within an organizational setting. Motivation: The main goal is to learn how to prevent innovativeness declining in a traditional organization and make internal environment friendly for entrepreneurial initiatives and for employees with propensity to develop new ideas, aiming to create sustainable competitive position. Idea: The paper explores how identified leadership variables, initiative, pioneer, proactive behaviour and ability to communicate vision affect employees’ entrepreneurial intentions. We also analyze the organizational structure impact, testing organic design, level of centralization and formalization. For measuring employees’ entrepreneurial intentions, we use a previously validated scale and measurements, innovation, risk propensity and autonomy. Data: The data are collected using a questionnaire on a random sample of 208 respondents employed in nineteen Serbian companies. Tools: A quantitative study methodology was designed and implemented, appropriate statistical methods performed, including correlation and linear regression analyses. Findings: We have found evidence that appropriate leadership style has a positive influence on employees' entrepreneurial intentions. More specifically, there is a positive correlation between the leader’s initiative, pioneer and proactive behaviour, and the employees’ intentions to start innovative entrepreneurial ventures. The employees’ willingness to act autonomously is affected by leader’s initiative and proactive attitude, but also by ability to clearly communicate the vision. The study also reveals that organic organizational structure, decentralization and low formalization have a positive influence on employees' entrepreneurial intentions. Contribution: The study contributes to a significant degree by filling gaps in knowledge base, revealing new perspectives about relevance of both leadership style and organizational structure for encouraging organizational entrepreneurship. The analysis also provides a more fine-grained perspective about characteristics of organizational design and improves understanding of the employees’ actions depending on authority delegation, procedures and overall flexibility of organizational structure. Practical implications represent guidelines for practitioners as to how to set up structure and adjust leadership style in order to foster entrepreneurship among employees.
Organizational innovativeness: factors that drive innovations in social enterprises in Serbia
Authors: Aleksic Miric Ana , Petrović Marina , Aničić Zorica
Published: January 2020

Research Question: This paper explores factors that drive innovativeness of social enterprises in Serbia. Motivation: Social enterprises are gaining importance on global scale, being recognized for their potential to respond to both economic and social challenges, attract capital and generate income in non-traditional ways. Innovativeness comes at the hart of their abilities to achieve their goals. This research is motivated by the idea to understand which factors influence innovativeness in Serbian social enterprises, and to compare these results with the pool of 11 European countries. Identification of the factors that make the difference between social enterprises which are innovative and the ones which are not, provides a chance for business owners/managers, as well as social policies creators, to affect these factors and thus influence the boost of innovativeness and, consequentially, success of socially oriented enterprises in Serbia. Additionally, building on results of a research conducted in 11 European countries, author’s idea is to perform cross analysis of identified innovation factors in social enterprises in Serbia with previously obtained aggregated results. Idea: This paper was driven by the idea to uncover the factors that make a difference in innovative behaviour of social enterprises. Data: Analysis was conducted using responses from on-line survey of 69 Serbian enterprises. We compared these answers to those of 837 social enterprises obtained via the same online surveys from 11 European countries, including Serbia.Tools: Statistical analysis was performed (using t-test for testing equality of means, z-test for testing equality of proportion, hi-square test, Fisher's exact test and some nonparametric tests to confirm the results obtained using parametric tests). The same tests were carried out on the data obtained from social enterprises in Serbia and on the data obtained from all 11 countries examined in order to draw conclusions about the same or different influence of certain factors on the innovativeness of social enterprises. Findings: We found that consciousness about their social mission, perception of innovation as important, financing obtained via grant schemes and involvement of owners, board, customers and NGOs are the most important drivers of innovativeness in Serbian social enterprises. European pool of explored SEs report additional factors influencing innovativeness, which did not appear important in Serbian sample. Contribution: This paper contributes to the research of determinants of the innovativeness of social enterprises by bringing original field data from Serbia, and by providing comparison with the same pool factors examined in the sample of European countries.
Diagrams of Power and Strategic Decision Making: the Case of Strategic Alliances in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Mladjan Mrdjan M. , Markovic Dusan Z.
Published: January 2020

Research question: This paper, on the example of strategic alliances in the automotive industry, investigates how diagrams could be useful in studying complex power relationships. Motivation: The relative power of individuals and institutions is a crucial driving force of their interactions. It is however hard to evaluate because the interactions can take place simultaneously or sequentially in different markets or forums.  Diagrams of power, that this study introduces, help us abstract the relative power of agents. This enables us to use insights of decision and game theory, especially those from the literature, in strategic decision making under uncertainty (Courtney, Kirkland, & Viguerie, 1997), to arrive at successful and sustainable solutions. They enable us to view relationships between firms as security dilemmas (Posen, 1993), which can explain why emerging market multinationals (EMMs) treat the acquired companies as strategic partners (Kale, Singh, & Raman, 2009). Idea: Diagrams of power and security dilemma help us better understand strategic alliances in the automotive industry. Moreover, we believe that diagrams of power could both offer new insights to scholars and represent an intuitive tool for businessmen and policy makers less experienced with advanced mathematical methods. Data: To quantify the power of several automotive producers, we have used selected contemporary data items from their annual reports and the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. Tools: The tool we introduce to better understand power relationships between automotive producers are the diagrams of power. We then apply them to two cases from the industry to better understand the strategic interactions within alliances. Findings: We demonstrate that diagrams of power can help managers define the goals of strategic alliances, minimize the risks of their establishment and management, and recognize the problems and opportunities that arise in strategic partnerships due to security dilemmas, a concept that originated in the study of wars. Diagrams of power enrich the analytical toolkit of the existing literature, enabling faster understanding of the relationship between agents as well as decision making based on more complete information. Contribution: This paper introduces diagrams of power – a tool for study of strategic interactions – and applies the concept of security dilemma to the study of the automotive industry.
The Impact of Consumer-Company Relationships on Brand Loyalty
Authors: Bakator Mihalj , Đorđević Dejan , Ćoćkalo Dragan , Bogetić Srđan
Published: January 2020

Research Question: In this paper the effect of consumers’ relationship towards a company on brand loyalty is analysed. Motivation: The main goal is to determine if consumers’ relationship towards a company develops brand loyalty. In addition, consumer-brand relationships, consumer-product relationships, brand trust and brand relationship quality are observed. This is important for defining complex relationships between companies, consumers and brands. Brand loyalty is the result of marketing, management and public relations practices. This thorough research provides a substantial insight into this domain. The number of studies that address several marketing management constructs in this form is low. Therefore, this approach is innovative from that viewpoint. Idea: The main idea is to analyse the complex relationships between the above-mentioned constructs and to highlight key factors while taking into consideration the integrity of the analysed data. Data: For this research, the data was collected via structured survey. The sample size of 407 included male and female consumers, aged from 15 to 65, from the major cities in Serbia. Potential biases were taken into consideration when undertaking data analysis. Tools: Conclusions were drawn from the extensive data analysis that included OLS regression analysis, (with and without control parameters), correlation analysis, reliability test, and tests for multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. Findings: The results indicate that there is a strong link between consumers’ relationship towards a company and brand loyalty. In addition, the links between the mediating constructs shed light on the complexity of developing relationships with consumers. Contribution: This study contributes to the existing body of literature and expands the view on consumer-company relationships from the aspect of brand and marketing management and management overall.
The Linkages Between Investments in Innovation and Business Performance in Serbia
Authors: Zakic Nebojsa , Popovic Jovanka , Miskic Miroslav
Published: January 2020

Motivation: Driven by an increasingly competitive marketplace, the savviest businesses invest heavily in corporate innovation as a kind of competitive intelligence that gives a business what it needs to operate with poise and precision. The strategy of investments in innovation by firms can potentially explain the heterogeneity of their income increase based on market success. Such a stimulus for growth has been a motivation for the research question being examined in this paper, namely the link between corporate financing and investment decisions of Serbian firms based on the bank loans as sources of innovation and hence improved enterprise performance. The paper is based on the research of Hottenrott et al. (2014), together with Ferrando & Preuss (2017) and Aerts & Schmidt (2008) concerning the relationship between external finance and business innovation activities. This paper provides information about a bank loan as a financing source that firms use to fund their innovative activities, with the research question whether that has the subsequent impact on the company's performance. The idea of the paper is that investments of enterprises in innovation significantly affect their revenue. Data: Empirical research has been provided by a survey in Serbia in 2017. The sample comprised 152 enterprises, mostly privately owned, of all sizes. Descriptive statistics: Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, regression analysis is used as the research tool and method. The link between business finance and innovation, and furthermore the link between innovation and income of Serbian firms have been investigated. Three groups of factors show that the degree of income and market success of the enterprise increases with the level of investment in innovative activities. These are:  sources of financing and financing conditions as independent variables, and company's income revenues, as the dependent variable. Findings: Firms that use bank loans as financial instruments for innovation activities and investments are more likely to develop new products, methods and processes, and successfully increase their revenues and income based on developing this kind of added value. The findings indicate that tangible asset investment of SME’s is positively related to the use of bank finance, to new product development and to enterprise performance improvement. Contribution: Results of the research show that financial investments in business innovation directly contribute to the business sector performance improvement. It also demonstrates the theory of innovative enterprise, the significance of financing, and the impact of banking on the overall development of the economy. The results point to the need for further research in the area of​​ access to finance, as well as the parallel development of non-banking sources of financing.
The ICT Impact on Inbound and Outbound Tourism Demand in the EU
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Milićević Snežana
Published: January 2020

Research question: This paper investigation whether a relationship exists between ICT as well as between the Internet and tourism demand (inbound and outbound) in EU. Motivation: Our goal was to explore if there exists a strong link between observed determinants. The paper draws on research of Garin-Munoz and Perez-Amaral (2011). Their research indicates the positive relationship between the use of Internet and travels abroad. As well, the paper is based on the research of Ramos and Rodrigues (2013), Bethapudi (2013) and Pulido-Fernandez, Cardenas-Garcua, & Carrukki-Hidalgo (2017). Idea: Because the ICT has a significant impact on tourism demand the core idea of this paper was to explore if there exists the strongest relationship between the use of Internet and outbound tourism demand than relationship between the use of Internet and outbound tourism demand. Data: Research information base has included the ITU 2016, Measuring the Information Society Report 2016, as well as the data about tourism expenditure and total population from Eurostat Database (European Commission, 2017). Tools: The following methods are used in the paper: regression and correlation analysis. Regression analysis has examined the impact of the ICT on the tourism demand. Correlation analysis has examined the relationship between the use of the Internet and tourism demand. Findings: Results of the correlation analyses indicate that there is not a statistically significant correlation between the level of development ICT and tourism expenditure per capita, while that there is a statistically significant correlation between the application of Internet and tourism expenditure per capita. The regression analysis indicates that subindexes of ICT Development Index ( IDI) influence on tourism expenditure per capita. It can be concluded that the ICT and the Internet presents one of the most important determinants of tourism demand. Contribution: In the paper special attention was paid to the ICT as well as Internet as the most important determinants of tourism expenditure on macro level.
Organizational culture and perceived effectiveness: a case study of an insurance company
Authors: Slijepcevic Milica , Krstic Jelena
Published: January 2020

Research question: This paper studies the relation between organizational culture and perceived organizational effectiveness of an insurance company in a developing country with an emerging economy.Motivation: The main objective of the research is to determine whether there is a correlation between organizational culture and climate as a narrower concept, on the one hand and perceived organizational effectiveness on the other hand. Some authors noted a correlation between these organizational aspects. For example, Yan (2016) empirically confirmed that organizational culture positively and significantly correlates with organizational effectiveness. The relationship between organizational culture and organizational effectiveness was also examined by Cox and Trotter (2016), Chen (2017) and Deem, De Lotell and Kelly (2015). Idea: Starting from the findings of other authors that organizational culture indeed affects effectiveness, the authors of this paper wanted to examine whether this relation existed in  a state-owned insurance company in an emerging economy and if so, how to use this  to improve employees’ performance and overall business results. Data: They conducted the research in June 2017 on the sample of employees of Dunav Insurance Company and obtained six hundred and sixty six valid questionnaires. Tools: The questionnaires consisted of five general questions about demographic variables and twenty-nine closed-ended questions related to the topic. The researchers assessed the correlation between variables by Spearman Rho Coefficient and Chi-Square significance. Findings: The results showed the relationship between a number of aspects of organizational culture and climate on one hand and perceived organizational effectiveness on the other hand. Research results showed that the evaluation of effective utilization of working hours and professional capabilities is largely connected with the aspects of organizational climate that reflect poor working conditions and unethical attitude of employees. However, the evaluation of effective utilization of professional capabilities also relates to the perception of predominant aspects of an organizational climate that inspire positive internal relations. Contribution: The results presented in the paper can be used as the basis for organizational and managerial decision-making to improve work processes in the observed organization.
The complement system in Aspergillus fumigatus infections and its crosstalk with pentraxins
Authors: Parente Raffaella , Doni Andrea , Bottazzi Barbara , Garlanda Cecilia , Inforzato Antonio
Published: January 2020

Aspergillosis is a life‐threatening infection mostly affecting immunocompromised individuals and primarily caused by the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. At the host–pathogen interface, both cellular and humoral components of the innate immune system are increasingly acknowledged as essential players in the recognition and disposal of this opportunistic mold. Fundamental hereof is the contribution of the complement system, which deploys all three activation pathways in the battle against A. fumigatus, and functionally cooperates with other soluble pattern recognition molecules, including pentraxins. In particular, preclinical and clinical observations point to the long pentraxin PTX3 as a nonredundant and complement‐dependent effector with protective functions against A. fumigatus. Based on past and current literature, here we discuss how the complement participates in the immune response to this fungal pathogen, and illustrate its crosstalk with the pentraxins, with a focus on PTX3. Emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms underlying such processes, the genetic evidence from human epidemiology, and the translational potential of the currently available knowledge.
In Vitro Platform for Studying Human Insulin Release Dynamics of Single Pancreatic Islet Microtissues at High Resolution
Authors: Misun Patrick M. , Yesildag Burçak , Forschler Felix , Neelakandhan Aparna , Rousset Nassim , Biernath Adelinn , Hierlemann Andreas , Frey Olivier
Published: January 2020

Insulin is released from pancreatic islets in a biphasic and pulsatile manner in response to elevated glucose levels. This highly dynamic insulin release can be studied in vitro with islet perifusion assays. Herein, a novel platform to perform glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays with single islets is presented for studying the dynamics of insulin release at high temporal resolution. A standardized human islet model is developed and a microfluidic hanging‐drop‐based perifusion system is engineered, which facilitates rapid glucose switching, minimal sample dilution, low analyte dispersion, and short sampling intervals. Human islet microtissues feature robust and long‐term glucose responsiveness and demonstrate reproducible dynamic GSIS with a prominent first phase and a sustained, pulsatile second phase. Perifusion of single islet microtissues produces a higher peak secretion rate, higher secretion during the first and second phases of insulin release, as well as more defined pulsations during the second phase in comparison to perifusion of pooled islets. The developed platform enables to study compound effects on both phases of insulin secretion as shown with two classes of insulin secretagogs. It provides a new tool for studying physiologically relevant dynamic insulin secretion at comparably low sample‐to‐sample variation and high temporal resolution.