bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Outcome in North American Adults With Moyamoya Phenomenon
Authors: Hallemeier Christopher L. , Rich Keith M. , Grubb Robert L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Moran Christopher J. , Cross DeWitte T. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Dacey Ralph G. , Derdeyn Colin P.
Published: April 2006

Background and Purpose—

To describe baseline clinical features and outcomes of adults with moyamoya phenomenon treated at a single North American institution.

Methods—

We identified 34 adults with moyamoya phenomenon by review of angiographic records. Clinical presentation and baseline stroke risk factors were obtained by chart review. Follow-up was obtained prospectively. A 5-year Kaplan-Meier stroke risk was calculated.

Results—

The median age was 42 (range 20 to 79) years. Twenty-five were women. The initial symptom was ischemia, hemorrhage, or asymptomatic in 24, 7, and 3 patients, respectively. Twenty-two had bilateral involvement and 12 had unilateral moyamoya vessels. Baseline stroke risk factors were similar between groups. The median follow-up in 31 living patients was 5.1 (range 0.2 to 19.6) years. Fourteen patients were treated with surgical revascularization (20 total hemispheres). In medically treated symptomatic hemispheres, the 5-year risk of recurrent ipsilateral stroke was 65% after the initial symptom and 27% after angiographic diagnosis. Patients with bilateral involvement presenting with ischemic symptoms were at the highest risk of subsequent stroke (n=17, 5-year risk of stroke with medical treatment after first symptom of 82%). In surgically treated hemispheres, the 5-year risk of perioperative or subsequent ipsilateral stroke or death was 17%. This was significantly different compared with medical treatment after first symptom (
P
=0.02) but not after angiographic diagnosis.

Conclusion—

Moyamoya phenomenon in North American adults is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke, particularly those with bilateral involvement and ischemic symptoms. These data suggest a potential benefit with surgery if diagnosis could be made earlier.
Sex Differences in Regret: All For Love or Some For Lust?
Authors: Roese Neal J. , Pennington Ginger L. , Coleman Jill , Janicki Maria , Li Norman P. , Kenrick Douglas T.
Published: April 2006

Few sex differences in regret or counterfactual thinking are evident in past research. The authors discovered a sex difference in regret that is both domain-specific (i.e., unique to romantic relationships) and interpretable within a convergence of theories of evolution and regulatory focus. Three studies showed that within romantic relationships, men emphasize regrets of inaction over action (which correspond to promotion vs. prevention goals, respectively), whereas women report regrets of inaction and action with equivalent frequency. Sex differences were not evident in other interpersonal regrets (friendship, parental, sibling interactions) and were not moderated by relationship status. Although the sex difference was evident in regrets centering on both sexual and nonsexual relationship aspects, it was substantially larger for sexual regrets. These findings underscore the utility of applying an evolutionary perspective to better understand goal-regulating, cognitive processes.
Twin Study on Heritability of Activity, Attention, and Impulsivity as Assessed by Objective Measures
Authors: Heiser Philip , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner Monika , Frey Joachim , Smidt Judith , Grabarkiewicz Justyna , Friedel Susann , Kühnau Wolfgang , Schmidtke Jörg , Remschmidt Helmut , Hebebrand Johannes
Published: April 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess heritability of activity, attention, and impulsivity by comparing young monozygotic (MZ) twins with dizygotic (DZ) twins using objective measures. Method: The OPTAx test is an infrared motion analysis to record the movement pattern during a continuous performance test. Seventeen MZ and 12 same sexed DZ twin pairs in the range of 6 to 12 years were tested. The zygosity was determined by DNA-fingerprinting. The measures under investigation were activity (microevents and spatial scaling), impulsivity (errors of commission), and attention (accuracy and variability). For statistical analyses, the classical model of Falconer and the ACE and ADE genetic model for twin data were applied in order to estimate the proportion of the variance in activity, impulsivity and attention that is due to genetic effects. Results: The respective coefficients of intraclass correlations in MZ twins ranged between .35 and .65 whereas for DZ twins the correlations were between .12 and .88. The heritability estimates resulting from both models were about 30% for 4 of the 5 measures, but none of these was significantly different from 0. Conclusion: We found no significant influence of genetic factors for activity, attention, and impulsivity. The authors conclude that further investigation of heritability of ADHD is necessary using larger sample sizes and objective measures.
IL-2 regulates FOXP3 expression in human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells through a STAT-dependent mechanism and induces the expansion of these cells in vivo
Authors: Zorn Emmanuel , Nelson Erik A. , Mohseni Mehrdad , Porcheray Fabrice , Kim Haesook , Litsa Despina , Bellucci Roberto , Raderschall Elke , Canning Christine , Soiffer Robert J. , Frank David A. , Ritz Jerome
Published: April 2006

IL-2 plays a critical role in the maintenance of CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo. We examined the effects of IL-2 signaling in human Tregs. In vitro, IL-2 selectively up-regulated the expression of FOXP3 in purified CD4+CD25+ T cells but not in CD4+CD25- cells. This regulation involved the binding of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins to a highly conserved STAT-binding site located in the first intron of the FOXP3 gene. We also examined the effects of low-dose IL-2 treatment in 12 patients with metastatic cancer and 9 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Overall, IL-2 treatment resulted in a 1.9 median fold increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25+ cells in peripheral blood as well as a 9.7 median fold increase in FOXP3 expression in CD3+ T cells. CD56+CD3- natural killer (NK) cells also expanded during IL-2 therapy but did not express FOXP3. In vitro treatment of NK cells with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored the IL-2 signaling pathway leading to FOXP3 expression, suggesting that this gene was constitutively repressed by DNA methylation in these cells. Our findings support the clinical evaluation of low-dose IL-2 to selectively modulate CD4+CD25+ Tregs and increase expression of FOXP3 in vivo.
The characterization of amphibian nucleoplasmins yields new insight into their role in sperm chromatin remodeling
Authors: Frehlick Lindsay J , Eirín-López José María , Jeffery Erin D , Hunt Donald F , Ausió Juan
Published: April 2006

Background

Nucleoplasmin is a nuclear chaperone protein that has been shown to participate in the remodeling of sperm chromatin immediately after fertilization by displacing highly specialized sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), such as protamine (P type) and protamine-like (PL type) proteins, from the sperm chromatin and by the transfer of histone H2A-H2B. The presence of SNBPs of the histone type (H type) in some organisms (very similar to the histones found in somatic tissues) raises uncertainty about the need for a nucleoplasmin-mediated removal process in such cases and poses a very interesting question regarding the appearance and further differentiation of the sperm chromatin remodeling function of nucleoplasmin and the implicit relationship with SNBP diversity The amphibians represent an unique opportunity to address this issue as they contain genera with SNBPs representative of each of the three main types: Rana (H type); Xenopus (PL type) and Bufo (P type).

Results

In this work, the presence of nucleoplasmin in oocyte extracts from these three organisms has been assessed using Western Blotting. We have used mass spectrometry and cloning techniques to characterize the full-length cDNA sequences of Rana catesbeiana and Bufo marinus nucleoplasmin. Northern dot blot analysis shows that nucleoplasmin is mainly transcribed in the egg of the former species. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleoplasmin family members from various metazoans suggests that amphibian nucleoplasmins group closely with mammalian NPM2 proteins.

Conclusion

We have shown that these organisms, in striking contrast to their SNBPs, all contain nucleoplasmins with very similar primary structures. This result has important implications as it suggests that nucleoplasmin's role in chromatin assembly during early zygote development could have been complemented by the acquisition of a new function of non-specifically removing SNBPs in sperm chromatin remodeling. This acquired function would have been strongly determined by the constraints imposed by the appearance and differentiation of SNBPs in the sperm.
Quality of life of people with dementia in residential care homes
Authors: Hoe J. , Hancock G. , Livingston G. , Orrell M.
Published: April 2006

Background

Many people with dementia live in residential homes, but little is known about their quality of life.

Aims

To compare the views of residents with dementia with the views of staff as to their quality of life, and to look at factors associated with these ratings.

Method

The Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) scale was used to rate residents' and staff's perceptions of the quality of life of 238 residents of 24 residential homes in the UK.

Results

There were 119 QoL-AD scales completed by both residents and staff. For the residents, high QoL-AD scores strongly correlated with lower scores for depression (ρ=–0.53, P < 0.0001) and anxiety (ρ= –0.50, P < 0.001). In contrast, better quality of life as rated by staff correlated most strongly with increased dependency (ρ=–0.53, P < 0.001) and behaviour problems (ρ=–0.40, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The QoL-AD could be used as an effective measure of the quality of life of people with dementia in residential homes. Whereas mood was the main predictor of residents' own assessment of their quality of life, staff ratings were strongly linked with dependency. Staff should be aware that mood rather than level of dependency has agreater impacton residents' quality of life.
Pharmacological treatment for unipolar psychotic depression
Authors: Wijkstra Jaap , Lijmer Jeroen , Balk Ferdi J. , Geddes John R. , Nolen Willem A.
Published: April 2006

Background

The optimal pharmacological treatment of unipolar psychotic depression is uncertain.

Aims

To compare the clinical effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for patients with unipolar psychotic depression.

Method

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Results

Ten trials were included in the review. We found no evidence that the combination of an antidepressant with an antipsychotic is more effective than an antidepressant alone. This combination was statistically more effective than an antipsychotic alone.

Conclusions

Antidepressant mono-therapy and adding an antipsychotic if the patient does not respond, or starting with the combination of an antidepressant and an antipsychotic, both appear to be appropriate options for patients with unipolar psychotic depression. However, clinically the balance between risks and benefits may suggest the first option should be preferred for many patients. Starting with an antipsychotic alone appears to be inadequate.
Agoraphobia in adults: Incidence and longitudinal relationship with panic
Authors: Bienvenu O. Joseph , Onyike Chiadi U. , Stein Murray B. , Chen Li-Shiun , Samuels Jack , Nestadt Gerald , Eaton William W.
Published: April 2006

Background

Theories regarding how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate are based mostly on cross-sectional and/or clinic data.

Aims

To determine how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate longitudinally, and to estimate the incidence rate of and other possible risk factors for first-onset agoraphobia, using a general population cohort.

Method

A sample of 1920 adults in east Baltimore were assessed in 1981 -1982 and the mid-1990s with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Psychiatristdiagnoses were made in a subset of the sample at follow-up (n=816).

Results

Forty-one new cases of DIS/DSM–III–R agoraphobia were identified (about 2 per 1000 person-years at risk). As expected, baseline DIS/DSM-III panic disorder predicted first incidence of agoraphobia (OR=12, 95% CI 3.2-45), as did younger age, female gender and other phobias. Importantly, baseline agoraphobia without spontaneous panic attacks also predicted first incidence of panic disorder (OR=3.9, 95% CI 1.8-8.4). Longitudinal relationships between panic disorder and psychiatrist-confirmed agoraphobia were strong (panic before agoraphobia OR=20, 95% CI 2.3–180; agoraphobia before panic OR=16, 95% CI 3.2–78).

Conclusions

The implied one-way causal relationship between spontaneous panic attacks and agoraphobia in DSM–IV appears incorrect.
Evaluation of a mental health website for teenagers
Authors: Ercan Sukru , Kevern Andrew , Kroll Leo
Published: April 2006

Aim and Method

Ru-ok.com is a recently developed website that includes a self-assessment questionnaire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the website and compare the self-assessment questionnaire with established screening questionnaires. A total of 105 teenagers from schools completed three paper-based questionnaires and the online ru-ok.com questionnaire.

Results

The website receives 730 visits a week. Visits to the advice section and stories about mental health and relationships account for 35% of activity. Of the returned questionnaires, 80% were positive about the website. There were modest and expected correlations between the website questionnaire (RU–OK) and the Mood and Feelings (MFQ) and Strength and Difficulties (SDQ) questionnaires.

Clinical Implications

Internet-based self-assessment is feasible and acceptable to teenagers. Self-assessment of perceived need by teenagers may be a useful tool for tier one professionals, including teachers, general practitioners, school nurses, social workers and learning mentors.
Mortality After Major Surgery for Urologic Cancers in Specialized Urology Hospitals: Are They Any Better?
Authors: Konety Badrinath R. , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Modak Sanjukta , Smith Brian
Published: April 2006

Purpose

Specialty-specific hospitals and hospitals with a high volume of complex procedures have been shown to have better outcomes. We sought to determine whether a high volume of unrelated complex procedures or procedures in the same specialty area (urology) could translate into better outcomes after major urologic cancer surgery.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of administrative discharge abstract data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Health Care Utilization Project for years 1998 to 2002. Comparison of outcome after three major urologic cancer–related surgical procedures (radical cystectomy [RC], radical nephrectomy [RN], and radical prostatectomy [RP]) at hospitals by procedure-specific volume, specialized urology status, and Leapfrog criteria was obtained to determine in-hospital mortality after the procedure. All patients in the database with a diagnosis of bladder, kidney, or prostate cancer being admitted for RC, RN, or RP between 1998 and 2002 were included.

Results

Neither specialized urology status nor meeting Leapfrog volume criteria for unrelated procedures was associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality after any of the procedures examined. High-volume hospitals (for RC and RP) and moderate-volume hospitals (for RP) were associated with lower odds of mortality. None of the examined hospital volume–related factors was associated with lower odds of mortality after RN.

Conclusion

In-hospital mortality after two of three major urologic cancer procedures is affected only by procedure-specific volumes. Generalized process measures existing in hospitals performing a high volume of general urologic procedures or unrelated complex procedures may be less important determinants of procedure-specific outcomes in patients.
Conceptual Integration Networks
Authors: Fauconnier Gilles , Turner Mark
Published: April 2006

Conceptual integration—“blending”—is a general cognitive operation on a par with analogy, recursion, mental modeling, conceptual categorization, and framing. It serves a variety of cognitive purposes. It is dynamic, supple, and active in the moment of thinking. It yields products that frequently become entrenched in conceptual structure and grammar, and it often performs new work on its previously entrenched products as inputs. Blending is easy to detect in spectacular cases but it is for the most part a routine, workaday process that escapes detection except on technical analysis. It is not reserved for special purposes, and is not costly.

In blending, structure from input mental spaces is projected to a separate, “blended” mental space. The projection is selective. Through completion and elaboration, the blend develops structure not provided by the inputs. Inferences, arguments, and ideas developed in the blend can have effect in cognition, leading us to modify the initial inputs and to change our view of the corresponding situations.

Blending operates according to a set of uniform structural and dynamic principles. It additionally observes a set of optimality principles.
Dependence of Electrical Activity and Calcium Influx-Controlled Prolactin Release on Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling Pathway in Pituitary Lactotrophs
Authors: Gonzalez-Iglesias Arturo E. , Jiang Yonghua , Tomić Melanija , Kretschmannova Karla , Andric Silvana A. , Zemkova Hana , Stojilkovic Stanko S.
Published: April 2006

Pituitary lactotrophs in vitro fire extracellular Ca2+-dependent action potentials spontaneously through still unidentified pacemaking channels, and the associated voltage-gated Ca2+ influx (VGCI) is sufficient to maintain basal prolactin (PRL) secretion high and steady. Numerous plasma membrane channels have been characterized in these cells, but the mechanism underlying their pacemaking activity is still not known. Here we studied the relevance of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in control of pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release. In mixed anterior pituitary cells, both VGCI-inhibitable and -insensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) subtypes contributed to the basal cAMP production, and soluble guanylyl cyclase was exclusively responsible for basal cGMP production. Inhibition of basal AC activity, but not soluble guanylyl cyclase activity, reduced PRL release. In contrast, forskolin stimulated cAMP and cGMP production as well as pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL secretion. Elevation in cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity was also accompanied with increased PRL release. The AC inhibitors attenuated forskolin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide production, VGCI, and PRL release. The cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated firing of action potentials and PRL release and rescued hormone secretion in cells with inhibited ACs in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner, whereas 8-bromo-cGMP and 8-(4-chlorophenyltio)-2′-O-methyl-cAMP were ineffective. Protein kinase A inhibitors did not stop spontaneous and forskolin-stimulated pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release. These results indicate that cAMP facilitates pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release in lactotrophs predominantly in a protein kinase A- and Epac cAMP receptor-independent manner.
Stereospecific Synthesis of Tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undec-9-ene-8,11-diones by Means of Electrochemical Methodology and Their Base-Catalyzed Fragmentation Reaction
Authors: Maki Shojiro , Toyoda Kunihiro , Kosemura Seiji , Yamamura Shosuke
Published: April 2006

Several tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undec-9-ene-8,11-diones have been synthesized in stereospecific manner, by using electrochemical oxidation of the corresponding phenols with trans or cis para-halo substituted styryl group. Two of the products were subjected to base-catalyzed fragmentation reaction to afford two different types of bicyclic compounds selectively, one of which has been readily converted into a triquinane-type compound.
Thermoelectric Properties of Sintered FeSi2 with Microstructural Modification
Authors: Ohtaki Michitaka , Ogura Daisuke , Eguchi Koichi , Arai Hiromichi
Published: April 2006

Partial substitution of Cu, Zn, Nb, Ag, Sb, and In for Fe in FeSi2 significantly varied the structure of the sintered samples. The thermoelectric power increased with decreasing relative density of the samples, while the electrical conductivity decreased at the same time. However, microstructural modification by increasing the size of the particles composing the samples improved the thermoelectric figure of merit through increase in the thermoelectric power and decrease in the thermal conductivity without affecting the electrical conductivity.
Energy-Transfer Luminescence of Lanthanide Ions Complexed with Water-Soluble Calix[n]arenes
Authors: Sato Nariaki , Yoshida Isao , Shinkai Seiji
Published: April 2006

It was shown that Tb3+ ion complexed with water-soluble calix[n]arenes becomes strongly fluorescent on the basis of energy-transfer luminescence (Φ = 0.02–0.20).
Ruthenium Complex-catalyzed Novel and Facile Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 2-Aminopyridines and vicinal-Diols
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki , Kotachi Shinji , Ogino Shin-ichi , Watanabe Yoshihisa
Published: April 2006

Ruthenium complex-catalyzed N-heterocyclization of 2-aminopyridines with vicinal-diols offers a novel synthetic method for various imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. For example, the reaction of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine with 1,2-cyclohexanediol in the presence of a catalytic amount of RuCl2(PPh3)3 under reflux in diglyme for 24 h afforded 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole in 74% yield.
2,5-Bis(1′,3′-dithiol-2′-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene and Its Related Unsymmetrical Donors
Authors: Misaki Yohji , Matsui Toshitaka , Kawakami Kazuya , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Yamabe Tokio , Shiro Motoo
Published: April 2006

The title compound (1a) and its related unsymmetrical derivatives were prepared as new donors for organic conductors, and electrochemical properties and crystal structure of 1a were investigated. Several charge-transfer complexes and cation radical salts using them showed metallic temperature dependence of conductivity down to ca. 100 K.
Reactions of 1,1′-Dialkynylferrocene with Octacarbonyldicobalt
Authors: Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Tao Xin-Qung , Otsuka Yasuhiro , Sonogashira Kenkichi
Published: April 2006

The reaction of 1,1′-dialkynylferrocene (η5-C5H4C≡CR)2Fe (1) (R = Ph, SiMe3, Me, Fc; Fc = ferrocenyl) with excess octacarbonyldicobalt (2) results in the formation of dark green complexes (η5-C5H4C≡CR)2Fe{Co2(CO)6}2 (3) (R = Ph, SiMe3, Me, Fc), in which a Co2(CO)6 group coordinates to each of the two C≡C bonds of 1. When 1,1′-di(phenylethynyl)ferrocene (1a) was treated with an equimolar amount of 2, (η5-C5H4C≡CPh)2Fe{Co2(CO)6}, as well as 3a, was obtained.
Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of α- or β-Glucosides Using a Single Glycosyl Donor, 1-O-2′-(2′-Methoxyethoxy)acetyl-Glucopyranose Derivative
Authors: Matsubara Koki , Sasaki Takenori , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: April 2006

In the presence of a catalytic amount of active acidic species generated from SnCl4 and AgClO4, various α-glucosides are stereoselectively synthesized in excellent yields from 1-O-2′-(2′-methoxyethoxy)acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose and alkyl trimethylsilyl ethers. β-Glucosides are also selectively prepared by using a catalyst, generated from SiCl4 and AgClO4 in the above reaction.
Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of the p-N-Methypyridinium Nitronyl Nitroxide Cation Radical Salts, p-MPYNN·I and p-MPYNN·ClO4
Authors: Yamaguchi Akira , Awaga Kunio , Inabe Tamotsu , Nakamura Takayoshi , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi , Maruyama Yusei
Published: April 2006

X-Ray crystal analyses and magnetic measurements have been carried out on the p-N-methylpyridinium α-nitronyl nitroxide (p-MPYNN) cation radical salts, p-MPYNN·I and p-MPYNN·ClO4. The p-MPYNN molecules are connected by short intermolecular contacts between the NO groups in the crystal of p-MPYNN·I, while the radical molecules are separated from each other by the ClO4− anions in p-MPYNN·ClO4. The magnetic properties of p-MPYNN·I and p-MPYNN·ClO4 are found to be consistent with their crystal structures.
Molecular Structure of Copper Nitrito Complex as the Reaction Intermediate of Dissimilatory Reduction of NO2−
Authors: Komeda Nobutoshi , Nagao Hirotaka , Adachi Gin-ya , Suzuki Masatatsu , Uehara Akira , Tanaka Koji
Published: April 2006

Electrochemical reduction of NO2− by [Cu(tpa)(H2O)](ClO4)2 (tpa = tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine) under the controlled potential electrolysis at −0.40 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in H2O (pH 7.0) catalytically produced N2O with concomitant NO evolution. As the precursor of NO evolution, [Cu(tpa)(ONO)]PF6 was characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Divalent Europium -Poly(Methacrylate Containing [2.2.2] Cryptand) Complexes
Authors: Higashiyama Nobuyuki , Takemura Kazuki , Iwamura Ryo , Kimura Keiichi , Adachi Gin-ya
Published: April 2006

Methacryloyloxymethyl-4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane (MA[2.2.2]) has been synthesized and polymerized singly or copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA). Complexes of these cryptand-attaching polymers with divalent europium ions exhibited blue luminescence located at ca. 450 nm. Encryptation of Eu2+ resulted in a large shift to lower wave number up to ca. 30–60 cm−1, in the infrared absorptions due to cryptand’s C-O-C stretching vibrations. The photophysical properties confirmed 1 : 1 stoichiometry of the Eu2+ cryptate.
Separation of Weak Acids and Bases by Neutralization Dialysis
Authors: Igawa Manabu , Tanabe Hideo , Ida Takahiro , Yamamoto Fumiko , Okochi Hiroshi
Published: April 2006

Neutralization dialysis is a very effective deionization method and the transport of weak acids and bases is also facilitated by the neutralization reaction in the system. The transport rates of weak acids and bases increased with the increase of their dissociation constants.
Effect of In3+ in Nano-Scale CdS-Catalyzed Photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Kanemoto Masashi , Nomura Makoto , Wada Yuji , Akano Tohru , Yanagida Shozo
Published: April 2006

In3+-modified hexagonal CdS nanocrystallites prepared from Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O and H2S in N,N-dimethylformamide catalyze photoreduction of CO2 in the presence of a small quantity of In3+ under visible light, leading to the competitive formation of HCOO− with CO without loosing the quantum yield for the CO2 reduction obtained with unmodified hexagonal CdS nanocrystallites.
Generation of α-Radicals of Acetic Acid Derivatives from α-Stannyl Ester and Amide and Their Reactions with Electron-Rich Olefins
Authors: Kohno Yasushi , Narasaka Koichi
Published: April 2006

Oxidation of α-tributylstannyl ester and amide with CeIV compounds generates α-radicals of acetic acid derivatives with the elimination of the stannyl group. The radicals thus generated react with various electron-rich olefins to give the corresponding addition products in good yield.
A New Transformation, α-Hydroxylation, of Pyridoxylidene-Amino Acid Mediated on Co(III) Complex
Authors: Jitsukawa Koichiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Masuda Hideki , Einaga Hisahiko
Published: April 2006

Transformation of amino acid to α-hydroxy amino acid has been discovered in the Co(III) complex with pyridoxylidene-amino acid ligand, which has been discussed on the basis of the 1H-NMR and FAB mass spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Formation of Novel Trinuclear Ruthenium Alkoxo Complexes and a Tetrameric Ruthenium Hydroxo Complex. Crystal Structure of [(η5-C5Me5)Ru]3(μ3-O)(μ3-OiPr) and [(η5-C5Me5)Ru(μ3-OH)]4
Authors: Suzuki Hiroharu , Kakigano Takeaki , Igarashi Minoru , Usui Akira , Noda Kazumi , Oshima Masato , Tanaka Masako , Moro-oka Yoshihiko
Published: April 2006

The dinuclear μ-carboxylatoruthenium complex [(η5-C5Me5)Ru(μ-OCOCF3)(μ-H)]2 (1) reacts with alkali metal alkoxide ROM (R = iPr, tBu; M = Na, K) to give novel trinuclear μ3-alkoxo-μ3-oxoruthenium complexes {(η5-C5Me5)Ru}3(μ3-O)(μ3-OR) (R = iPr, tBu). The tetrameric μ-hydroxoruthenium complex [(η5-C5Me5)Ru(μ3-OH)]4 is synthesized by treating 1 with potassium hydroxide. The structures of the complexes have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Dynamics in N2 Uptake by New Ruthenium(II) Tertiary Polyamine Complexes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Takahashi Toshikazu , Hiratani Kazuhisa , Kasuga Kazuyuki , Kimura Eiichi
Published: April 2006

When Ti(III)Cl3 was injected to aqueous 1 mM HCl solutions of trans-[Ru(III)Cl2L1]+ (L1 = 2,5,9,12-tetramethyl-2,5,9,12-tetraazatridecane) under N2, almost quantitative N2 uptake by the reduced ruthenium(II) complex was observed. The first order initial rate constant 2.6 ± 0.3 × 10−4 s−1 was obtained which is the highest value among those so far reported. Much lower rate constants and absorption ratios were observed for homologous ruthenium tertiary polyamine complexes.
Reduction of Nitrobenzene on Solid Polymer Electrolyte Composite Electrodes Using a Hydrocarbon Sulfonate Ion-Exchange Membrane
Authors: Inaba Minoru , Fukuta Kenji , Ogumi Zempachi , Takehara Zen-ichiro
Published: April 2006

Solid polymer electrolyte composite electrodes using a hydrocarbon sulfonate ion-exchange membrane, Selemion® CMV, were prepared (Cu-Selemion). Nitrobenzene was electroreduced on Cu-Selemion. At current densities greater than 32 mA cm−2, the current efficiency for aniline production decreased significantly because of hydrogen evolution. The reaction selectivity and the mass transport rate were improved by Nafion coating on Selemion. With Nafion-modified Cu-Selemion, aniline was obtained selectively and the current efficiencies for aniline production were as high as 90% up to 70 mA cm−2.
Quantitative in vitro Renaturation of Subtilisin BPN’ without the Aid of Pro-sequence
Authors: Matsubara Mamoru , Kurimoto Eiji , Kojima Shuichi , Miura Kin-ichiro , Sakai Tomoya
Published: April 2006

We demonstrate for the first time in vitro refolding of subtilisin BPN’. The presence of 2 M potassium acetate in renaturation solution was found to recover about 30% of native enzyme activity. Further, supplementation with Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor(SSI) to the refolding medium lead to quantitative refolding of subtilisin as measured by subtilisin-SSI complex formation.
Effect of Acetonitrile Completely Suppressing Trans-to-cis Photoisomerization of Styrylpyrene Substituted with a Nitro Group
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshihiko , Okamoto Hiroaki , Arai Tatsuo , Tokumaru Katsumi
Published: April 2006

Acetonitrile completely suppresses trans-to-cis isomerization of 1-[2(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]pyrene.
Structure and Properties of a Compound Formed by the Reaction of Molybdenum(II) Trifluoroacetate with 4,4′-Bipyridine
Authors: Handa Makoto , Yamada Kori , Nakao Tadahiro , Kasuga Kuninobu , Mikuriya Masahiro , Kotera Takanori
Published: April 2006

The reaction of molybdenum(II) trifluoroacetate with 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) in acetonitrile gave a pale yellow compound. The X-ray structural analysis of the compound showed that it consists of linear-chains formulated as [Mo2(O2CCF3)4·bpy]n and Mo2(O2CCF3)4·(bpy)2 dimers in the crystal.
A Convenient Synthesis of α,α′-Bis(substitutedbenzylidene)cycloalkanones
Authors: Nakano Taich , Migita Toshihiko
Published: April 2006

The Cp2TiPh2-catalyzed reaction of cyclopentanone or cyclohexanones with benzaldehydes brought about the cross-aldol condensation to give the corresponding 2,5-bis(substitutedbenzylidene)cyclopentanones or 2,6-bis(substitutedbenzylidene)cyclohexanones in good yields under milder conditions than those previouly reported.
A Method for the Cyclic Enone Synthesis Using Lithium Chloride – Hexamethylphosphoramide System
Authors: Ozaki Yutaka , Kubo Ayako , Kim Sang-Won
Published: April 2006

Cyclic enones were obtained from the reactions of β-keto esters with acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones by using lithium chloride in hexamethylphosphoramide. The products were brought about via the Michael addition, decarboxylation, and the aldol condensation.
Pricing, Production, and Inventory Policies for Manufacturing with Stochastic Demand and Discretionary Sales
Authors: Chan Lap Mui Ann , Simchi-Levi David , Swann Julie
Published: April 2006

We study determining prices and production jointly in a multiple period horizon under a general, nonstationary stochastic demand function with a discrete menu of prices. We assume that the available production capacity is limited and that unmet demand is lost. We incorporate discretionary sales, when inventory may be set aside to satisfy future demand even if some present demand is lost. We analyze and compare partial planning or delayed strategies. In delayed strategies, one decision may be planned in advance, whereas a second decision is delayed until the beginning of each time period, after observing the results of previous decisions. For example, in delayed production (delayed pricing), pricing (production) is determined at the beginning of the horizon, and the production (pricing) decision is made at the beginning of each period before new customer orders are received. A special case is where a single price is chosen over the horizon. We describe policies and heuristics for the strategies based on deterministic approximations and analyze their performances. Computational analysis yields additional insights about the strategies, such as that delayed production is usually better than delayed pricing except sometimes when capacity is tight. On average, the delayed production (pricing) heuristic achieved 99.3% (99.8%) of the corresponding optimal strategy.
Dynamic Pricing Strategies for Multiproduct Revenue Management Problems
Authors: Maglaras Constantinos , Meissner Joern
Published: April 2006

Consider a firm that owns a fixed capacity of a resource that is consumed in the production or delivery of multiple products. The firm strives to maximize its total expected revenues over a finite horizon, either by choosing a dynamic pricing strategy for each product or, if prices are fixed, by selecting a dynamic rule that controls the allocation of capacity to requests for the different products. This paper shows how these well-studied revenue management problems can be reduced to a common formulation in which the firm controls the aggregate rate at which all products jointly consume resource capacity, highlighting their common structure, and in some cases leading to algorithmic simplifications through the reduction in the control dimension of the associated optimization problems. In the context of their associated deterministic (fluid) formulations, this reduction leads to a closed-form characterization of the optimal controls, and suggests several natural static and dynamic pricing heuristics. These are analyzed asymptotically and through an extensive numerical study. In the context of the former, we show that “resolving” the fluid heuristic achieves asymptotically optimal performance under fluid scaling.
Massenmord und Militäropposition. Zur jüngsten Diskussion über den Widerstand im Stab der Heeresgruppe Mitte
Authors: Graml Hermann
Published: April 2006

Vorspann

Am Anfang waren zwei Dokumente und eine Frage: Ab wann wußten führende Vertreter des deutschen militärischen Widerstands von dem im Sommer 1941 beginnenden Massenmord an den Juden und wie reagierten sie darauf? Johannes Hürter, der diese beiden Dokumente entdeckte, hat dazu im Juliheft 2004 der VfZ Stellung bezogen, Gerhard Ringshausen (Januarheft 2005) hat ihn kritisiert, Felix Römer (Juliheft 2005) unterstützt. Daher ist es nun an der Zeit, diese Fragen in einem umfassenden Kontext zu diskutieren.
Der Weltfußballverband FIFA im 20. Jahrhundert. Metamorphosen eines „Prinzipienreiters“
Authors: Eisenberg Christiane
Published: April 2006

Vorspann

Der Weltfußballverband FIFA ist 2006, dem Jahr der 18. Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft, in aller Munde. Aber wer kennt seine Geschichte? Wer weiß etwas über die Grundlagen seines Erfolgs? Christiane Eisenberg macht uns mit bestimmten Organisationsprinzipien der FIFA bekannt, die seit der Gründung im Jahr 1904 gelten. Diese Prinzipien haben, so ihr Argument, dazu beigetragen, dass diese für die schönste Nebensache der Welt zuständige Autorität zu einem „global player“ avancieren konnte – und zwar nicht nur auf dem Gebiet des Sports, sondern auch der Entwicklungshilfe.
Malagasy and Western Conceptions of Memory: Implications for Postcolonial Politics and the Study of Memory
Authors: Cole Jennifer
Published: April 2006

In this article, I analyze the social dynamics of memory during two electoral crises that took place in Madagascar in 1993 and 2002, respectively. These crises were accompanied by intense surges of memory. For some participants, the surge of remembering was simultaneously discursive, emotional, and embodied; for others it remained primarily discursive, with important consequences for how people related to the political changes taking place. Rather than turn to Western social theories of memory, which tend to separate the discursive, embodied, and emotional dimensions of memory, I suggest that the Malagasy practice of memory—mahatsiaro—offers a better analytic, one that combines the different aspects of memory together. The highly contingent ways in which the political, emotional, and embodied dimensions of memory converge to motivate political action suggests the need to integrate attention to personal experience with wider sociopolitical events and structures of power in particular historical settings. [Madagascar, discursive memory, emotion, embodiment, politics]
A Bayesian Analysis of Biological Uncertainty for a Whole-Lake Fertilization Experiment for Sockeye Salmon in Chilko Lake, British Columbia, and Implications for the Benefit–Cost Ratio
Authors: Maxwell Marla Rae , Peterman Randall M. , Bradford Michael J. , MacIsaac Erland A.
Published: April 2006

Chilko Lake in British Columbia, Canada, was fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus in the late 1980s and early 1990s to increase abundance and harvests of adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Because of the short, 5-year duration of this program and the large inherent natural variation in adult recruits produced per spawner both before and during lake fertilization, there is considerable uncertainty about the efficacy of that fertilization. Recent analyses suggest a high probability that more adult sockeye salmon were produced per spawner from fertilization than would have been produced without fertilization, but the confidence interval on that increase is large. Furthermore, no economic analysis has been done to determine the effect of the large biological uncertainties on the benefit–cost (BC) ratio of the project. We filled this need by using Bayesian statistical analysis to estimate uncertainty in the parameters of four models that reflected different hypotheses about the biological effects of fertilization on sockeye salmon. We then used those estimated posterior probability distributions for (1) additional sockeye salmon recruits that were attributable to fertilization and (2) the resulting economic BC ratio. This ratio took into account costs of fertilization as well as costs and benefits of harvesting additional fish. We found evidence of biological and net economic benefits for the Chilko Lake fertilization project. Depending on the model, the posterior probability was at least 81% that the abundance of adult sockeye salmon increased owing to fertilization and at least 84% that the BC ratio was greater than 1.0 (mean BC ratio = 27). Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty remains because the 95% probability interval was large for the BC ratio. The breadth of the distribution for the BC ratio was probably underestimated because of uncertainties (omitted here) concerning various economic components of our analysis as well as the costs and benefits of the indirect effects of fertilization.
Avaliação da recuperação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-adrenal após corticoterapia por meio do cortisol basal
Authors: Silva Ivani N. , Cunha Cristiane F. , Finch Francisca L. , Colosimo Enrico A.
Published: April 2006

A suspensão da corticoterapia é a causa mais comum de insuficiência supra-renal, e ainda persistem dúvidas quanto à melhor forma de avaliação da inibição e recuperação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-adrenal (HHA) provocada pelos glicocorticóides. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilidade da dosagem do cortisol basal na avaliação desta insuficiência. Foram avaliadas 35 crianças (mediana da idade de 6,9 anos) submetidas ao tratamento preconizado pelo Grupo Brasileiro para o tratamento da Leucemia Linfocítica Aguda (LLA). O teste de estímulo com o hormônio liberador da corticotrofina (CRH 1 mcg/kg) foi realizado antes da introdução da dexametasona (6 mg/m²/dia, por 28 dias), no 8º e no 28º dias do uso do glicocorticóide e 48 horas e um mês após sua retirada. Houve inibição da secreção do cortisol basal e da concentração máxima (após CRH) durante a corticoterapia e 48 horas após sua suspensão, em relação ao valor obtido antes do tratamento (p< 0,01 e p< 0,0001, respectivamente, para os três exames). Um mês após o término da corticoterapia, o valor do cortisol basal e a concentração máxima não apresentavam diferença significativa em relação ao aferido antes do tratamento. Observou-se correlação positiva e significativa entre as concentrações basais e máximas do cortisol em todos os testes realizados. Observou-se, ainda, que ao considerarmos o limite inferior de cortisol basal de 8,5 mcg/dl obtivemos 95% de especificidade para o diagnóstico da insuficiência adrenal. Concluímos que o uso do cortisol basal é de utilidade como marcador da função supra-renal em crianças durante a suspensão do tratamento e após corticoterapia.
O desjejum dos alunos das quatro primeiras séries de nível I das escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo, SP - Brasil
Authors: Rosenburg Ondina
Published: April 2006

Foi estudada uma população de 380 alunos das quatro primeiras séries de nivel I, das Escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo (Brasil) com a finalidade de conhecer a composição do desjejum desses escolares. Os resultados mostraram: a) um contingente de 12,63% das crianças vai à escola em completo jejum; b) a média do consumo de calorias no desjejum foi igual a 10,57% das necessidades diárias, de acordo com a idade e o sexo, e o consumo mais freqüente foi de 5 a menos do que 10% dessas necessidades; c) a média do consumo de proteínas foi igual a 17,29% das necessidades diárias, e o consumo mais freqüente foi de zero a menos do que 5% dessas necessidades; d) a média do consumo de lípides foi igual a 6,7 gramas, e o consumo mais freqüente foi de zero a menos do que 5 gramas; e) a composição centesimal do desjejum caracterizou-se por uma participação excessiva do componente glicídio, em detrimento do protídico e, principalmente, do lipídico.
A merenda escolar dos alunos das quatro primeiras séries de nível I das escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Rosenburg Ondina
Published: April 2006

Foi estudada uma população de 380 alunos das quatro primeiras séries de nível I, das escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo (Brasil) com a finalidade de analisar o valor nutricional da merenda escolar bem como o seu papel como refeição substitutiva ou complementar do desjejum domiciliar. Os resultados desse foram: 1°) a média do consumo de calorias foi igual a 13,50% das necessidades diárias, de acordo com a idade e o sexo, e o consumo mais freqüente foi de 15 I- 20% dessas necessidades; 2°) a média do consumo de proteínas 'foi igual a 28,64% das necessidades diárias, e o consumo mais freqüente foi de 25 I- 30% dessas necessidades; 3°) a média do consumo de lípides foi de 10,36 gramas e o consumo mais freqüente foi de 10 I- 20 gramas; 4°) a composição centesimal da merenda, nos seus valores médios, caracterizou-se por uma distribuição harmoniosa dos nutrientes e por uma inter-relação mais equilibrada do que a observada no desjejum.
Estado nutricional dos pré-escolares ingressantes nos Centros de Educação e Alimentação do Pré-escolar
Authors: Benício Maria Helena D'Aquino , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Pontieri Maria José , Gandra Yaro Ribeiro , Lima Fernão Dias de
Published: April 2006

Descreve-se o estado nutricional da população de pré-escolares ingressantes nos Centros de Educação e Alimentação do Pré-escolar (CEAPE) por intermédio de medidas antropométricas. A prevalência da desnutrição protéico calórica encontrada foi igual a 46,8% com graus moderados e graves em 5,8% dos casos, situação esta, intermediária entre a descrita em duas outras populações desfavorecidas economicamente no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.
Studies on human anti-rabies immunization in Brazil: II - Preliminary evaluation of the 2-1-1 schedule for human pre-exposure anti-rabies immunization, employing suckling mouse brain vaccine
Authors: Zanetti Carlos Roberto , Lee Luiza Marny , Chaves Luciana Botelho , Rodrigues José Luiz , Eleutério Gilton C , Pereira Octavio Augusto de C.
Published: April 2006

This study reports preliminary results of virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers obtained on different days in the course of human anti-rabies immunization with the 2-1-1 schedule (one dose is given in the right arm and one dose in the left arm at day 0, and one dose is apllied on days 7 and 21), recommended by WHO for post-exposure treatment with cell culture vaccines. A variant schedule (double dose on day zero and another on day 14) was also tested, both employing suckling mouse brain vaccine. A complete seroconversion rate was obtained after only 3 vaccine doses, and almost all patients (11 of 12) presented titers higher than 1.0 IU/ml. Both neutralizing response and seroconversion rates were lower in the group receiving only 3 doses, regardless of the sample collecting day. Although our results are lower than those found with cell culture vaccines, the geometry mean of VNA is fully satisfactory, overcoming the lower limit recommended by WHO of 0.5 IU/ml. The 2-1-1 schedule could be an alternative one for pre exposure immunization, shorter than the classical 3+1 regimen (one dose on days 0, 2, 4 and 30) with only three visits to the doctor, instead of four.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for rubella antibodies: a simple method of antigen production. A preliminary report
Authors: Souza Vanda Akico Ueda Fick de , Sumita Laura Masami , Otsubo Mary Eiko S. , Takei Kioko , Pannuti Cláudio Sérgio
Published: April 2006

A simple method of rubella antigen production by treatment with sodium desoxycholate for use in enzyme immunoassay (IMT-ELISA) is presented. When this assay was compared with a commercial test (Enzygnost-Rubella, Behring), in the study of 108 sera and 118 filter paper blood samples, 96.9% (219/226) overall agreement and correlation coefficient of 0.90 between absorbances were observed. Seven samples showed discordant results, negative by the commercial kit and positive by our test. Four of those 7 samples were available, being 3 positive by HI.
Kerionlike lesion of the scalp due to Acremonium kiliense in a noncompromised boy
Authors: Lopes Jorge O , Rolling Lauro C , Neumaier Walter
Published: April 2006

We report a case of kerionlike lesion of the scalp due to Acremonium kiliense in a boy without underlying disease. Diagnosis was established by direct examination and cultures from pus and scrapings.