bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Secondary to Naproxen: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sasi Sreethish , Altarawneh Heba , Petkar Mahir A. , Nair Arun P.
Published: August 2020

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe adverse drug reaction presenting with rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and single or multiple organ involvement. It is most commonly associated with antiepileptics, NSAIDs, and sulfa drugs. We report a 40-year-old man who presented with a 1-week history of fever, sore throat, and a diffuse pruritic macular rash that started on the face and trunk before spreading to all extremities 4 weeks after the use of naproxen. He had lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, transaminitis, and peripheral eosinophilia. A Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (RegiSCAR) score of 8 gave a diagnosis of definite DRESS syndrome. Significant resolution of symptoms and laboratory abnormalities were seen after 2 weeks of corticosteroid therapy. DRESS syndrome is a life-threatening condition, and the clinical status of patients can worsen rapidly. Given the high variability in clinical presentation, the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome requires a high degree of suspicion and clinical judgment. Case reports on this entity will equip physicians in acute medicine to recognize and treat the condition early. This report reinforces the importance of using the RegiSCAR score in the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Regulates the Differentiation of Th2 Cells and Its Antagonist Suppresses Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Kondo Mayo , Tezuka Toshifumi , Ogawa Hirohisa , Koyama Kazuya , Bando Hiroki , Azuma Masahiko , Nishioka Yasuhiko
Published: August 2020

Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a prototypic member of a large family of lysophospholipids, has been recently shown to play a role in immune responses to respiratory diseases. The involvement of LPA in allergic airway inflammation has been reported, but the mechanism remains unclear. Object: We analyzed the biological activity of LPA in vitro and in vivo and investigated its role in allergic inflammation in mice using an LPA receptor 2 (LPA2) antagonist. Methods: We used a murine model with acute allergic inflammation, in which mice are sensitized and challenged with house dust mite, and analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), pathological findings, Th2 cytokines, and IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenates. The effect of LPA on Th2 differentiation and cytokine production was examined in vitro using naive CD4+ T cells isolated from splenocytes. We also investigated in vivo the effects of LPA on intranasal administration in mice. Results: The LPA2 antagonist suppressed the increase of AHR, the number of total cells, and eosinophils in BALF and lung tissue. It also decreased the production of IL-13 in BALF and IL-33 and CCL2 in the lung. LPA promoted Th2 cell differentiation and IL-13 production by Th2 cells in vitro. Nasal administration of LPA significantly increased the number of total cells and IL-13 in BALF via regulating the production of IL-33 and CCL-2-derived infiltrating macrophages. Conclusion: These findings suggest that LPA plays an important role in allergic airway inflammation and that the blockade of LPA2 might have therapeutic potential for bronchial asthma.
Birth Size as a Determinant of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children
Authors: Nordman Henrikki , Jääskeläinen Jarmo , Voutilainen Raimo
Published: August 2020

The association between birth size and cardiometabolic disease risk may be U-shaped. Being born small for gestational age (SGA) has a definitive association with later cardiovascular risk, but the impact of being born large for gestational age (LGA) on cardiometabolic health is more controversial. In addition to birth size, early postnatal growth pattern and later weight gain affect cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. Most SGA-born children have catch-up and LGA-born children have catch-down growth during the first years of life. The extent of this early compensatory growth may contribute to the adverse health outcomes. Both SGA- and LGA-born children are at an increased risk for overweight and obesity. This may have a long-term impact on cardiometabolic health as overweight tends to track to adulthood. Other cardiometabolic risk factors, including alterations in glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation are associated with birth weight. Many of these risk factors are related to overweight or adverse fat distribution. Since later cardiometabolic risk is often mediated by early growth pattern and later overweight in SGA and LGA children, it is important to focus on staying normal weight throughout life. Hence, effective interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk in LGA and SGA children should be developed.
SITE INDICATOR SPECIES FOR PREDICTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TEAK PLANTATIONS IN PHRAE PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Jumwong Narinthorn , Wachrinrat Chongrak , Sungkaew Sarawood , Teerawatananon Atchara
Published: August 2020

Site quality assessment is critically important in any tree planting activity as it may serve a range of management functions such as, optimizing productivity estimates of forest plantations. This study aimed to evaluate the site quality, using plant indicators species, for three teak plantations located in Northern Thailand belonging to the Forest Industry Organization (FIO). Twenty-four sample plots were chosen to cover all the growth classes within the age range of 6-39 years. The site index of teak was established by using the anamorphic technique which is based on dominant height and age at a base age of 30 years, divided into 3 site index classes as 24, 21, and 18, as good, moderate, and poor site quality, respectively. Associated species, the native species that are tree and shrub habits, were surveyed in the 24 plots and indicator species were classified using the Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) and Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). The relationship between indicator species and environmental factors was analyzed by the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The associated species was classified into 76 species with 21 families. The results of ISA indicated the significant indicator species under the good site class were Streblus ilicifolius, Lagerstroemia floribunda, Dalbergia cana and Lagerstroemia calyculata; while Schleichera oleosa and Dalbergia nigrescens were presented under poor site class, respectively. The results from TWINSPAN supported Streblus ilicifolius, Lagerstroemia floribunda and Schleichera oleosa were obvious indicators.Â  Each indicator species distribution influenced by various relationships with environmental factors, which soil pH and N were the main factors to distribute all indicator species to 3 relationships. First, the indicator species positively associated with soil pH and negatively associated with N were Streblus ilicifolius and Dalbergia nigrescens. Second, the indicator species positively associated with soil pH and N were Lagerstroemia floribunda and Schileichera oleosa. Third, the indicator species negatively associated with soil pH and positively associated N were Dalbergia cana and Lagerstroemia calyculata. The GLM analysis revealed P, Ca and elevation influenced indicator species distribution. As of writing, this is the first study on species indicators for suitable sites of teak in Thailand. Meanwhile, in the absence of confirmatory studies, these indicators can be used as guide for farmers interested in planting teak. In bare lands, the farmer can apply these indicator species to determine the site quality based on the speciesâ€™ past appearance.
O jogo performático de Oswald de Andrade no poema "Reivindicação"
Authors: Araújo Ellen Margareth Dias Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

Este estudo objetiva discutir a subjetividade lírica no poema “reivindicação”, de Oswald de Andrade, escrito provavelmente na década de 1920. O poema “inédito” possibilita investigar a atuação do sujeito lírico em performances marcadas pela tensão ambígua entre o ficcional e o autobiográfico. Interessa evidenciar o vínculo sujeito lírico e sujeito empírico, disfarçado pelas máscaras do fingimento poético e que culmina no retorno do sujeito empírico ao poema, performando subjetividades como outro “eu”.
Para além da fronteira: uma leitura do romance Estive em Lisboa e lembrei de você, de Luiz Ruffato, sob a ótica pós-modernista
Authors: Carvalho Keiliane da Silva Araújo
Published: August 2020

Resumo: Na pós-modernidade, a literatura, numa esfera global, tem passado por mudanças substanciais. Conforme explica Jean-François Lyotard (2002), o pós-moderno configura-se como o estado em que a cultura se encontra após as transformações que modificaram as regras dos jogos circunscritos à ciência, à literatura e às artes, a contar do século XIX. Nesse sentido, a lógica pós-moderna se insere sob um sistema diverso, multifacetado, promovendo, assim, a desestabilização do que Zygmunt Bauman (1998) nomina de “tempo-espaço” firme, durável. Partindo dessa acepção, este trabalho propõe uma análise de Estive em Lisboa e Lembrei de Você (2009), do escritor contemporâneo Luiz Ruffato, à luz de uma perspectiva pós-modernista. A prosa referida é narrada por Sérgio de Sousa Sampaio. Este, a partir de um discurso trivial, mas frenético, que, além do falar mineiro, subjaz à própria velocidade comum ao lócus urbano, conta as suas aventuras “arrivistas” (BAUMAN, 1998) em espaços demasiado díspares, a saber: Cataguases, Minas Gerais, e Lisboa, Portugal. A fim de sustentar os aspectos percebidos e evidenciados ao longo do estudo, as teorizações formuladas por Jean-François Lyotard (2002); Fredric Jameson (1982; 1984); Zygmunt Bauman (1998; 2005; 2008); David Harvey (1996); Leyla Perrone-Moisés (2016); entre outros, servem como base de fundamentação.
Manifesto-Mosaico: como suturar com fios desencapados?
Authors: Almeida Aline Novais de , Caldas Juliana
Published: August 2020

Coletânea de intervenções poéticas e ensaísticas organizadas e reunidas por Aline Novais de Almeida e Juliana Caldas.
A preliminary checklist of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Panchmahal District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Reshma Solanki  , Manju Siliwal  , Kumar Dolly
Published: August 2020

Studies relating to spiders in Gujarat have been sporadic and most of the spider documentation have been done from agriculture fields, wetlands and  few from protected areas.  One such undocumented area was Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Panchmahal District, Gujarat.  Therefore, a study to document the spider diversity was carried out in Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary from July 2012 to October 2015. A combination of four sampling methods namely, belt transect along with hand-pick method, pitfall sampling, vegetation beating and leaf litter extraction were used for collection of spiders from different strata. During the study, a total of 138 species belonging to 90 genera and 29 families were recorded from the study area. Of which, 21 species and 17 genera were recorded for the first time from Gujarat State. The theridiid genus Cephalobares O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 was recorded for the first time from India. The families Araneidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae and Oxyopidae were found to be dominant in the area. We recognized seven feeding guilds namely ambushers, foliage runners, ground runners, orb weavers, sheet web-builders, space web-builders and stalkers.  Amongst these, orb-weavers, stalkers and ground runners were dominant. This documentation, however, forms the baseline information for spiders of Jambughoda WLS, suggesting the great diversity of the spider fauna in this protected area, which can be further explored.
Diversity and distribution of figs in Tripura with four new additional records
Authors: Debbarma Smita , Banik Biplab , Baishnab Biswajit , B.K. Datta  , Majumdar Koushik
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The genus Ficus L., commonly known as Fig plays an important role in the forest ecosystem, being a keystone species. Taxonomic revision, habitat assessment, and floristic study of the genus Ficus of northeastern region are scanty and still lacking. As the genus is rich in diversity, this region possesses tremendous scope for utilisation of its members, as many species belonging to this genus carry good properties for diverse uses for the benefit of mankind. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken for identification of the collected taxa, diversity assessment of the wild as well as planted species, distribution throughout the state and preparation of a comprehensive checklist along with measures of diverse functions and ecological role of the genus Ficus in Tripura, North-East India.  Field survey was conducted between April 2017–August 2018 throughout Tripura and all the locations were marked with GPS which is given in the present distribution map of Ficus in Tripura. This study is based on extensive field survey and specimen collection. Key taxonomic description, both accepted and vernacular names, phenology, and diverse habitat function of all species have been provided. Based on the available literatures, distribution information of the present records were calculated.  Evaluation of diverse ecological role were scored based on the published literature and field observations.  In the present study, 23 taxa of Ficus have been reported from the study area including four new distribution records.  Most of the Ficus species recorded in this study were from moist mixed deciduous and secondary forests. Out of 23 species of Ficus recorded in the present study, seven (7) species belong to evergreen small tree to shrub (F. benghalensis, F. drupacea, F. elastica, F. microcarpa, F. racemosa, F. sarmentosa and F. semicordata); three (3) species recorded are large deciduous tree (F. racemosa, F. religiosa and F. rumphii).  Fleshy fruited trees are the most preferable option for survival of frugivores over diverse habitats and thus, plays major role for entire ecosystem restoration. The present work will be useful to understand the critical interactions between plants and frugivore at different trophic levels. Further, Ficus groups tend to have multiple ecological roles, and as a result there exists huge scope to understand the mechanisms of plant functional traits for conservation of threatened frugivore diversity.
Notes on the occurrence of a rare pufferfish, Chelonodontops leopardus (Day, 1878) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), in the freshwaters of Payaswini River, Karnataka, India
Authors: Chakraborty Priyankar , Mishra Subhrendu Sekhar , Yardi Kranti
Published: August 2020

The Banded LeopardblowFish, Chelonodontops leopardus (Day 1878) has been recorded in the freshwater region of Payaswini River, near Sullia Town, Dakshin Kannada District, Karnataka about 65km away from coastline of the Arabian Sea.  The paper provides the taxonomic account of the fish and its distribution is discussed.
The first record of Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus (Aves: Accipitridae) in West Bengal, India
Authors: Suman Pratihar  , Mandal Niloy
Published: August 2020

One Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus subadult female was identified and photographed in December, 2019 in West Bengal, India.  This is the first record from the state.
Considerations for Reduction of Risk of Perioperative Stroke in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Operations: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Benesch Curtis , Bakaeen Faisal , DeAnda Abe , Fremes Stephen E. , Glance Laurent , Messé Steven R. , Pandey Aditya , Rong Lisa Qia ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Stroke Council; and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing
Published: August 2020

Perioperative stroke is one of the most severe and feared complications of cardiac surgery. Based on the timing of onset and detection, perioperative stroke can be classified as intraoperative or postoperative. The pathogenesis of perioperative stroke is multifactorial, which makes prediction and prevention challenging. However, information on its incidence, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment can be helpful in minimizing the perioperative neurological risk for individual patients. We herein provide suggestions on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies aimed at reducing the risk of perioperative stroke and at improving the outcomes of patients who experience a perioperative stroke.
Associations of Renin‐Angiotensin System Antagonist Medication Adherence and Economic Outcomes Among Commercially Insured US Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Campbell Patrick J. , Axon David R. , Taylor Ann M. , Pickering Matthew , Black Heather , Warholak Terri , Chinthammit Chanadda
Published: August 2020

Background

Medication non‐adherence can result in considerable morbidity, mortality, and costs. The Pharmacy Quality Alliance hypertension medication adherence measure is used by US healthcare payers and providers to assess renin‐angiotensin system antagonist medication adherence. However, associations between renin‐angiotensin system antagonist adherence as calculated in quality measures, and healthcare service use and expenditure in commercial populations over a 1‐year timeframe has not been assessed.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study used eligible commercially insured individuals from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Research Databases (2009–2015). Generalized linear models with log link and gamma distribution (expenditure) or negative binomial distribution (usage) assessed relationships between hypertension adherence (≥80% proportion of days covered) and healthcare use and expenditures (in 2015 US dollars) while adjusting for covariates (age, sex, geographic region; health plan; Deyo‐Charlson Comorbidity Index, number of chronic medications, and treatment naivety). Beta coefficients were used to compute cost ratios and rate ratios. A total of 4 842 058 subjects were eligible; of those, 3 310 360 (68%) were adherent (adherent mean age 53.3±8.0 years, 55.9% men; non‐adherent mean age 50.3±9.1 years, 53.1% men). Adherence was associated with fewer inpatient (rate ratios, 0.612; 95% CI, 0.607–0.617) and outpatient visits (rate ratios, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.994–0.997); and lower total costs (cost ratios, 0.876; 95% CI, 0.874–0.878) compared with non‐adherence. Adherence was associated with lower average per member per month total costs ($97.98) compared with non‐adherence.

Conclusions

Adherence to renin‐angiotensin system antagonists was associated with fewer outpatient and inpatient visits, and lower total costs compared with non‐adherence in a 1‐year time frame.
First Human Use of RUC‐4: A Nonactivating Second‐Generation Small‐Molecule Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (Integrin αIIbβ3) Inhibitor Designed for Subcutaneous Point‐of‐Care Treatment of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kereiakes Dean J. , Henry Tim D. , DeMaria Anthony N. , Bentur Ohad , Carlson Marilyn , Seng Yue Corinne , Martin Linda H. , Midkiff Jeff , Mueller Michele , Meek Terah , Garza Deborah , Gibson C. Michael , Coller Barry S.
Published: August 2020

Background

Despite reductions in door‐to‐balloon times for primary coronary intervention, mortality from ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction has plateaued. Early pre–primary coronary intervention treatment of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors improves pre–primary coronary intervention coronary flow, limits infarct size, and improves survival. We report the first human use of a novel glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor designed for subcutaneous first point‐of‐care ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction treatment.

Methods and Results

Healthy volunteers and patients with stable coronary artery disease receiving aspirin received escalating doses of RUC‐4 or placebo in a sentinel‐dose, randomized, blinded fashion. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) to ADP (20 μmol/L), RUC‐4 blood levels, laboratory evaluations, and clinical assessments were made through 24 hours and at 7 days. Doses were increased until reaching the biologically effective dose (the dose producing ≥80% IPA within 15 minutes, with return toward baseline within 4 hours). In healthy volunteers, 15 minutes after subcutaneous injection, mean±SD IPA was 6.9%+7.1% after placebo and 71.8%±15.0% at 0.05 mg/kg (n=6) and 84.7%±16.7% at 0.075 mg/kg (n=6) after RUC‐4. IPA diminished over 90 to 120 minutes. In patients with coronary artery disease, 15 minutes after subcutaneous injection of placebo or 0.04 mg/kg (n=2), 0.05 mg/kg (n=6), and 0.075 mg/kg (n=18) of RUC‐4, IPA was 14.6%±11.7%, 53.6%±17.0%, 76.9%±10.6%, and 88.9%±12.7%, respectively. RUC‐4 blood levels correlated with IPA. Aspirin did not affect IPA or RUC‐4 blood levels. Platelet counts were stable and no serious adverse events, bleeding, or injection site reactions were observed.

Conclusions

RUC‐4 provides rapid, high‐grade, limited‐duration platelet inhibition following subcutaneous administration that appears to be safe and well tolerated.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NTC03844191.
Deep Learning Based Software to Identify Large Vessel Occlusion on Noncontrast Computed Tomography
Authors: Olive-Gadea Marta , Crespo Carlos , Granes Cristina , Hernandez-Perez Maria , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Laredo Carlos , Urra Xabier , Carlos Soler Juan , Soler Alexander , Puyalto Paloma , Cuadras Patricia , Marti Cristian , Ribo Marc
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

Reliable recognition of large vessel occlusion (LVO) on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) may accelerate identification of endovascular treatment candidates. We aim to validate a machine learning algorithm (MethinksLVO) to identify LVO on NCCT.

Methods:

Patients with suspected acute stroke who underwent NCCT and computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included. Software detection of LVO (MethinksLVO) on NCCT was tested against the CTA readings of 2 experienced radiologists (NR-CTA). We used a deep learning algorithm to identify clot signs on NCCT. The software image output trained a binary classifier to determine LVO on NCCT. We studied software accuracy when adding National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and time from onset to the model (MethinksLVO+).

Results:

From 1453 patients, 823 (57%) had LVO by NR-CTA. The area under the curve for the identification of LVO with MethinksLVO was 0.87 (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 71%, positive predictive value: 79%, negative predictive value: 76%) and improved to 0.91 with MethinksLVO+ (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 85%, positive predictive value: 88%, negative predictive value: 79%).

Conclusions:

In patients with suspected acute stroke, MethinksLVO software can rapidly and reliably predict LVO. MethinksLVO could reduce the need to perform CTA, generate alarms, and increase the efficiency of patient transfers in stroke networks.
Barbarous Howling, Sonic Space, and Identity: The New England Regular Singing Controversy of the 1720s
Authors: Corrigan John
Published: August 2020

During the 1720s Boston-area ministers and their allies argued that singing in rural churches had degenerated into vulgar howling. Fearful that the howling signaled the creeping Indianization of rural New Englanders they argued for reform that would require singing by note, a proposal strenuously resisted by rural congregations.
Nomenclatural issues in Korean insects. Part 1. Hemiptera
Authors: CHO GEONHO , JUNG SUNGHOON , LEE SEUNGHWAN
Published: August 2020

This work is intended to expose nomenclatural issues and provide partial solutions involving Korean insects of the order Hemiptera. The 16 species described by Cheong (2015) and Yoon et al. (2015) are insufficient in zoological nomenclature. The unavailable name Harpocera josifovi Kim & Jung, sp. nov. is validated. The new replacement name Aphis rhamnus Lee, Lee & Kim, nom. nov., is proposed for Aphis rhamnicola Lee, Lee & Kim, 2015 nec Aphis rhamnicola Mamontova, 1953. These actions will provide fundamental information to avoid potential mistakes and guide future discussions.
Phenotypic divergence in large sized cricket frog species that crossed the geographical barriers within peninsular India
Authors: HEGDE AMIT , DINESH K.P. , KADADEVARU GIRISH
Published: August 2020

A good number of new species are being described and included in the genus Fejervarya / Minervarya from South Asia and Southeast Asia in the recent past. But, the classification or consideration of the genus Fejervarya / Minervarya is only phylogenetic, where it is difficult to morphologically identify the genus in the overlapping range of geographical distribution. Recently a large sized new species of cricket frog Fejervarya kalinga has been described, which is thought to be endemic to the Eastern Ghats (a unique geographical landscape running parallel to the East Coast of India). Here we report a morphologically variable and distinct population of F. kalinga from the Western Ghats (an amphibian diversity hotspot running parallel to the West Coast of India). We discuss the importance of genetic studies in handling such morphologically highly variable populations of the species and their adaptation to different habitats and their implications in taxonomic identity.
Updated list of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) of the Korean Peninsula, with the presence of Rhadinopsylla alphabetica Jameson & Sakaguti in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Authors: KESKIN ADEM , BEAUCOURNU JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: August 2020

During the re-examination of some specimens in the Siphonaptera collection of J.-C. Beaucournu, we noticed unidentified Rhadinopsylla specimens. After the detailed comparison, they were identified as Rhadinopsylla alphabetica Jameson & Sakaguti. These specimens of R. alphabetica were collected from Grey Red-backed Vole, Myodes rufocanus (Sundevall), in Ryanggang province of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of R. alphabetica in the DPRK. Our specimens of R. alphabetica have some minor differences from Alaskan and Japanese populations. To draw attention to these differences we also provide detailed drawings of R. alphabetica specimens in the present study. The information on the flea fauna of the Korean peninsula is very fragmentary and articles on fleas of the Korean peninsula have been published in different languages. Therefore, it is very difficult to find accessible and updated flea list of the Korean peninsula for the scientific community. Based on the published and accessible literature, we provide a list of 45 flea taxa from the Korean peninsula.
A new species of Metallolophia Warren, 1895 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae), and notes on M. opalina (Warren, 1893), from eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: SONDHI SANJAY , BASU DIPENDRA NATH , SONDHI YASH , KUNTE KRUSHNAMEGH
Published: August 2020

A new species, Metallolophia taleensis, sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Tale Wildlife Sanctuary, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, based on male specimens. A second species, Metallolophia opalina (Warren, 1893), is recorded from India after more than a century, extending its range eastwards into Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Impact of a Dense Surface Network on High-Resolution Dynamical Downscaling via Observation Nudging
Authors: Yi Xue , Li Deqin , Zhao Chunyu , Shen Lidu , Zhou Xiaoyu
Published: August 2020

High-density surface networks have become available in recent years in a number of regions throughout the world, but their utility in high-resolution dynamic downscaling has not been examined. As an attempt to fill such a gap, a suite of high-resolution (4 km) dynamical downscaling simulations is developed in this study with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and observation nudging over Liaoning in northeastern China. Three experiments, including no nudging (CTL), analysis nudging (AN), and combined analysis nudging and observation nudging with surface observations (AON), are conducted to downscale the CFSv2 reanalysis with the WRF Model for the year 2015. The three 1-yr regional climate simulations were compared with the independent surface observations. The results show that observational nudging can improve the simulation of surface variables, including temperature, wind speed, humidity, and pressure, more than nudging large-scale driving data with AN alone. The two nudging simulations can improve the cold bias for the temperature of the WRF Model. For precipitation, both the simulations with AN and observation nudging can capture the pattern of precipitation; however, with the introduction of small-scale information at the surface, AON cannot further improve the simulation of precipitation.
A Mass and Energy Conservation Analysis of Drift in the CMIP6 Ensemble
Authors: Irving Damien , Hobbs Will , Church John , Zika Jan
Published: August 2020

Coupled climate models are prone to “drift” (long-term unforced trends in state variables) due to incomplete spinup and nonclosure of the global mass and energy budgets. Here we assess model drift and the associated conservation of energy, mass, and salt in CMIP6 and CMIP5 models. For most models, drift in globally integrated ocean mass and heat content represents a small but nonnegligible fraction of recent historical trends, while drift in atmospheric water vapor is negligible. Model drift tends to be much larger in time-integrated ocean heat and freshwater flux, net top-of-the-atmosphere radiation (netTOA) and moisture flux into the atmosphere (evaporation minus precipitation), indicating a substantial leakage of mass and energy in the simulated climate system. Most models are able to achieve approximate energy budget closure after drift is removed, but ocean mass budget closure eludes a number of models even after dedrifting and none achieve closure of the atmospheric moisture budget. The magnitude of the drift in the CMIP6 ensemble represents an improvement over CMIP5 in some cases (salinity and time-integrated netTOA) but is worse (time-integrated ocean freshwater and atmospheric moisture fluxes) or little changed (ocean heat content, ocean mass, and time-integrated ocean heat flux) for others, while closure of the ocean mass and energy budgets after drift removal has improved.
Rossby and Yanai Modes of Tropical Instability Waves in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean and a Diagnostic Model for Surface Currents
Authors: Wang Minyang , Xie Shang-Ping , Shen Samuel S. P. , Du Yan
Published: August 2020

Mesoscale activities over the equatorial Pacific Ocean are dominated by the Rossby and Yanai modes of tropical instability waves (TIWs). The TIW-induced surface velocity has not been accurately estimated in previous diagnostic models, especially for the meridional component across the equator. This study develops a diagnostic model that retains the acceleration terms to estimate the TIW surface velocity from the satellite-observed sea surface height. Validated against moored observations, the velocity across the equator is accurately estimated for the first time, much improved from existing products. The results identify the Rossby- and Yanai-mode TIWs as the northwest–southeastward (NW–SE) velocity oscillations north of the equator and the northeast–southwestward (NE–SW) velocity oscillations on the equator, respectively. Barotropic instability is the dominant energy source of the two TIW modes. The NE–SW velocity oscillation of the Yanai mode is associated with the counterclockwise shear of the South Equatorial Current on the equator. The two TIW modes induce different sea surface temperature patterns and vertical motions. Accurate estimates of TIW velocity are important for studying equatorial ocean dynamics and climate variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
An Automated Common Algorithm for Planetary Boundary Layer Retrievals Using Aerosol Lidars in Support of the U.S. EPA Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations Program
Authors: Caicedo Vanessa , Delgado Ruben , Sakai Ricardo , Knepp Travis , Williams David , Cavender Kevin , Lefer Barry , Szykman James
Published: August 2020

A unique automated planetary boundary layer (PBL) retrieval algorithm is proposed as a common cross-platform method for use with commercially available ceilometers for implementation under the redesigned U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations program. This algorithm addresses instrument signal quality and screens for precipitation and cloud layers before the implementation of the retrieval method using the Haar wavelet covariance transform. Layer attribution for the PBL height is supported with the use of continuation and time-tracking parameters, and uncertainties are calculated for individual PBL height retrievals. Commercial ceilometer retrievals are tested against radiosonde PBL height and cloud-base height during morning and late-afternoon transition times, critical to air quality model prediction and when retrieval algorithms struggle to identify PBL heights. A total of 58 radiosonde profiles were used, and retrievals for nocturnal stable layers, residual layers, and mixing layers were assessed. Overall good agreement was found for all comparisons, with one system showing limitations for the cases of nighttime surface stable layers and daytime mixing layer. It is recommended that nighttime shallow stable-layer retrievals be performed with a recommended minimum height or with additional verification. Retrievals of residual-layer heights and mixing-layer comparisons revealed overall good correlations with radiosonde heights (square of correlation coefficientsr2ranging from 0.89 to 0.96, and bias ranging from approximately −131 to +63 m for the residual layer andr2from 0.88 to 0.97 and bias from −119 to +101 m for the mixing layer).
Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Implementation on Cost and Outcomes by Type of Colectomy Performed
Authors: Landry Miles , Lewis Rachel , Antill Andrew , Eric Heidel R. , Taylor Jessica , Casillas Mark A. , Russ Andrew J. , Daley Brian , McLoughlin James
Published: August 2020

Background

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are widely utilized for elective colorectal surgery to improve outcomes and decrease costs, but few studies have evaluated the impact of ERAS protocols on cost with respect to anatomic site of resection. This study evaluated the impact of ERAS protocol on elective colon resections by site and longitudinal impact over time.

Methods

A single-center retrospective cohort study of 598 consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal resection before and after implementation of ERAS protocol from 2013 to 2017 was performed. The primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and cost. Comparative and multivariate inferential statistics were used to assess additional outcomes.

Results

A total of 598 patients (100 pre-ERAS vs 498 post-ERAS) were evaluated with an overall median LOS of 4 days for right and left colectomies and 3 days for transverse colectomies. When comparing type of resection before and after ERAS protocol introduction, an increased LOS for left hemicolectomies from 3.09 to 4.03 days ( P = .047) was noted, with all other comparisons failing to reach statistical significance. Over time, an initial decrease in LOS for MIS approach after protocol introduction was observed; however, this effect diminished in the ensuing years and had no significant effect overall. Total cost of care was significantly increased post-ERAS for all cohorts except transverse colectomies. No further statistically significant differences were found.

Conclusion

After an initial improvement in outcomes, continued utilization of ERAS protocols demonstrated no improvement in LOS compared to pre-ERAS data and increased cost overall for patients regardless of site of resection.
The Antitrust Revolution: Charting the Course of Antitrust Enforcement
Authors: Gilbert Richard J.
Published: August 2020

The seven volumes of The Antitrust Revolution published between 1989 and 2019 include dozens of excellent articles that describe topical antitrust cases and the circumstances that motivated them. Taken together, the volumes provide invaluable insights into the course of antitrust enforcement over more than three decades and the factors that influenced the direction of change. This essay follows the course described in the pages of The Antitrust Revolution for two major components of antitrust enforcement: mergers and vertical restraints. The cases demonstrate that economic analysis profoundly impacted merger decisions, although the trajectory has been anything but linear. The revolution was more dramatic for the treatment of vertical price and nonprice restraints of trade. Courts relied on economic principles to upset decades of legal precedent for these arrangements.
Artificial Intelligence based rule base fire engine testing model for congestion handling in opportunistic networks
Authors: Sajid Ahthasham , Usman Nighat , Khan Imranullah , Usman Saeeda , Mirza Mehmood Aamir , Malik Muhammad Sheraz Arshad , Rana Javed Masood
Published: August 2020

Opportunistic network is emerging as a research domain nowadays with the introduction of Internet of things phenomena. In recent years, storage level congestion issue due to handheld devices is considered as a key challenge to be handled in the opportunistic networks. The prime objective of conducting this research is to develop artificial intelligence rule-based fire engine model to be tested using artificial intelligence latest classification algorithms further implemented using ONE simulator tool over MaxProp protocol. The achieved results show 98% accuracy in terms of classification using k-fold validation technique over six algorithms. The achieved results have been compared with MaxProp protocol over evaluation parameters such as delivery ratio, throughput, routing load, and overhead; whereas delivery ratio increase about 20% for node level and 5% for buffer level and throughput tends to increase 500 and 150 kbps for network and buffer levels, respectively.
Experiment and application of ceramsite concrete used to maintain roadway in coal mine
Authors: Chen Ying , Hui Qianjia , Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Zhijie , Wang Cunwen , Zhao Jian
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a scientific basis and reference for the application of ceramsite concrete in underground coal mines. Taking fly-ash ceramsite as raw material, a variety of mix proportions of C20 ceramsite concrete were proposed by changing the sand rate of concrete. The results showed that: (1) fly-ash ceramsite has different water absorption performance with different particle sizes. The water absorption stopped after soaked for 48 h. So, the ceramsite should be soaked for more than 48 h to prevent the cement from hydrating insufficient which affects the mechanical properties of the concrete. (2) Seven mix proportions of C20 ceramsite concrete were designed by changing the ceramsite proportion. The ceramsite proportion of 43% was determined as optimal scheme whose 28-day strength was 29.60 MPa and elastic modulus was 12.45 GPa. (3) The optimal scheme was applied and verified in the field. The early strength of ceramsite concrete promotes quickly, 3-day strength was 16.8 MPa, and the 28-day strength was 29.9 MPa. Compared with ordinary pebble concrete, ceramsite concrete can provide faster, higher strength support to the roadway. Meanwhile, ceramsite concrete have properties of lightweight, and its application will bring economic and social benefits.
A Look Back: Candidates speak out in Kappan
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: August 2020

In this review of material from the Kappan archive, Teresa Preston looks back at the magazine’s coverage of past presidential elections. Every four years, from 1980 through 2012, Kappan sought to inform readers of candidates’ positions on key education issues. Typically, this involved publishing pieces by each of the major candidates detailing their positions, alongside an article by a freelance writer putting the candidates’ positions into context. In September 1984, writer George Kaplan explored the limited role of the president in education. In their own papers, candidates touted their achievements in past office and, regardless of party, expressed strong support for teachers and schools.
Teaching, learning, and caring in the post-COVID era
Authors: Berry Barnett
Published: August 2020

It is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a devastating effect on students in need. Barnett Berry calls for greater cross-sector collaboration among schools, universities, nonprofits, and other organizations that serve children to help meet the needs that already exist and that will arise as the pandemic continues. He describes the work of ALL4SC at the University of South Carolina, which leverages the university’s resources to support children and teachers.
On Leadership: Local unions need to catch up with the times
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: August 2020

While firm in his support for the national teachers unions, PDK’s Joshua Starr argues that local unions often stand in the way of positive changes to the teaching profession. Of particular concern, right now, are chapter leaders who refuse to consider changes to rigid “last-in, first-out” rules, which — during fiscal crises — protect the jobs of veteran teachers at the expense of newer hires. In recent years, many districts have made it a priority to diversify the teaching force, Starr notes. If local unions remain inflexible, then pandemic-related layoffs will undo that progress, forcing superintendents to lay off many of the teachers of color they’ve recently hired.
Washington View: The Biden education plan
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2020

As the Trump administration was pressuring schools to reopen in the fall, Democratic candidate Joe Biden released his plan for education. Maria Ferguson sees his focus on the most pressing needs of students, families, and educators as a refreshing change. She reviews some of the highlights of the Biden plan, including support for teachers, ideas for addressing inequities, an embrace of universal preK, and programs to support young families.
Backtalk: How districts can learn from their COVID response: Stats 101 not required
Authors: Gordon Nora , Conaway Carrie
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic forced schools to quickly cobble together new remote teaching and learning programs in spring 2020, but now that they have a little more time, they can step back and evaluate the programs they’ve put in place. Nora Gordon and Carrie Conaway describe how school and district leaders can evaluate their online programs without using complex statistics.
An Evaluation of an Experiential Learning Program in Global and Indigenous Health: The University of Manitoba’s Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship Program
Authors: Riediger Natalie D. , Cyr Monica , Mignone Javier
Published: August 2020

We conducted a mixed-methods outcome evaluation to examine student experiences and learning in the University of Manitoba’s Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship Program in Global and Indigenous Health. Our scholarship program is a bi-directional, 3-month international experiential learning program, including both undergraduate and graduate students, with associated online course focused on community engagement. Students completed a semi-structured narrative report at the conclusion of their funding related to their experience and learning. The Likert questions were analyzed descriptively and student responses to the open-ended questions were utilized for thematic analysis. Also included in this paper is a summary of our lessons learned through program administration. A total of 38 students completed the program between 2016 and 2018, with 95% reporting that they either met or exceeded their goals in the program. Three overarching and inter-related themes emerged in our thematic-analysis of students’ narrative reports, including success through relationships and new perspectives, challenges of the unfamiliar, and personal growth through strong emotions. Many students reported personal growth as their greatest success and linked this with new perspectives and awareness of how different contexts shaped their understanding of health issues. Overcoming challenges in their placements contributed to students’ confidence in their ability to problem-solve. Overall, students reported value in their experiential learning, which further supports the growing trend to incorporate both experiential learning and formal education in community engagement in public health pedagogy. However, international experiential learning requires considerable financial and human resource commitments to ensure its success.
Understanding and Explaining the Marginalization of Part-Time British Army Reservists
Authors: Connelly Vincent
Published: August 2020

Recent changes in the British Army mean part-time reservists and full-time regulars need to become better integrated. However, there has been a long history of workplace tensions between the full-time and part-time elements in the British Army. This mirrors those found in many civilian workplaces. Focus group data with 105 full-time regular British Army soldiers confirmed that time and emotional commitment are strongly linked in a full-time professional workplace that has strong, definite, and enduring boundaries. This, alongside demands for conformity and stratification by rank explained the high risk of marginalization of part-time reservists. The legitimacy of part-time reservists, especially in the combat arms, was often challenged. Using this explanatory framework, some implications and practical ways that tensions may be reduced between full-time and part-time members of the British Army, and other armed forces facing similar tensions, were highlighted.
Variable gain control-based acceleration slip regulation control algorithm for four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle
Authors: Guo Luole , Xu Hongbing , Zou Jianxiao , Jie Hongyu , Zheng Gang
Published: August 2020

In order to improve the dynamic performance and stability of general acceleration slip regulation (ASR) control technology for four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle (4WID EV), an ASR control strategy based on variable gain controller (VGC) is proposed in this paper. First of all, a road identification strategy is designed to identify the current road surface and calculate the optimal slip ratio of the road. Then, the optimal slip ratio is taken as the control target, and the ASR control strategy based on VGC is designed to keeps slip ratio around the optimum slip ratio through controlling the driving torque output, so wheels can make the best of road adhesion to prevent vehicle from slipping. Meanwhile, we analyze the control system state space, and build a scalar function of the system, and prove that the system satisfies Lyapunov large scale asymptotic stability theorem, so the parameters of the VGC does not affect the system stability. Then, in order to meet the requirement of quick dynamic response and no overshoot, parameters selection of VGC is deduced by mathematics. Finally, the co-simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim results show that the proposed control strategy is with the better dynamics and stability, and can better prevent wheel slipping on various roads.