bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representing Decline: The Role of the Arts in Framing Discourses of Deindustrialisation
Authors: Stevenson Deborah , Paton Georgia
Published: March 2018

Deindustrialising cities worldwide are facing considerable social and economic difficulties, which challenge local identity and the bases of community solidarity. Historically, the expressive arts have provided incisive commentaries on such change; however, deindustrialisation strategies are now being developed that include cultural programs as a way of minimising negative local reactions. There has been little academic analysis of this emerging arts/industry nexus or its relationship to local communities and arts agendas. In 1999. BHP closed its steelworks in the New South Wales city of Newcastle. Central to the process of closure was the Ribbons of Steel festival, funded in part by the Australia Council and held on the BHP site. This paper examines Ribbons of Steel to explore the role it played in framing discourses of closure and city reimaging. The paper also illuminates the power relations underpinning the event, providing insights into the shifting relationship between industry, creative expression and place identity.
Effects of low-frequency noise on human cognitive performances in laboratory
Authors: Rossi Laura , Prato Andrea , Lesina Lorenzo , Schiavi Alessandro
Published: March 2018

Indoor working and living environments are increasingly exposed to low-frequency noise sources. The well-known relationship between noise conditions and effects on human health requires the development of a proper procedure to evaluate the stress due to acoustical factors. For this purpose, an experiment, based on Soft Metrology principles, was designed to measure the changes of cognitive and physiological parameters (response time and heart rate) on a sample of 25 male and female volunteers, aged 19–29 years, exposed to three types of noise in a hemi-anechoic room. Participants were involved in a cognitive task (Stroop effect) for 10 min in four different conditions: silence, stochastic broadband multi-tonal noise (BBN), stochastic low-frequency multi-tonal noise (LFN1), and low-frequency stationary noise with regular amplitude modulation (LFN2). All sounds were reproduced by two loudspeakers at equivalent sound pressure level of 93 dB. Results showed that in noise conditions, subjects reduced their response times. This is an evidence of growing stress, according to arousal theory. In particular, LFN1 and LFN2 produced cognitive stress comparable to stochastic broadband multi-tonal noise. Furthermore, subdividing the subjects in extroverts and introverts through the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised psychological test, it was shown that LFN1 and LFN2 produced higher stress effects than stochastic broadband multi-tonal noise on the cognitive performances and a physiological stress comparable to stochastic broadband multi-tonal noise in introverts, whereas no effects were observed in extroverts, as hypothesized by Eysenck. This result highlights the necessity in the future to consider the personality parameter as a key factor in the evaluation of the effects of noise on humans.
A Pilot Study of the ¡Vivir Mi Vida! Lifestyle Intervention for Rural-Dwelling, Late-Midlife Latinos: Study Design and Protocol
Authors: Schepens Niemiec Stacey L. , Blanchard Jeanine , Vigen Cheryl L. P. , Martínez Jenny , Guzmán Laura , Fluke Michelle , Carlson Mike
Published: March 2018

Older, rural-dwelling Latinos face multiple health disparities. We describe the protocol of a pilot study of a community health worker–occupational therapist-led lifestyle program, ¡Vivir Mi Vida! ( ¡VMV!), designed for delivery in primary care and adapted for late-midlife, Latino rural-living patients. Using mixed methods, we collected feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy data on ¡VMV!. Forty 50- to 64-year-old Latinos participated in a 16-week lifestyle intervention led by a community health worker–occupational therapist team. We conducted pre- and post-intervention assessments to evaluate the efficacy of ¡VMV! in improving psychosocial and clinical health outcomes. Focus groups and interviews were held post-intervention with participants and key stakeholders to assess feasibility and acceptability. This is the first trial designed to evaluate a lifestyle intervention that includes collaboration between occupational therapists and community health workers within primary care. The detailed description of methodology promotes research transparency and reproducibility of a community health worker–occupational therapist-led lifestyle intervention.
Digital Diabetes Self-Management: A Trilateral Serial
Authors: Schramm Wendelin
Published: March 2018

The way diabetes patients cope with their disease in day-to-day routines is decisive for the development or the prevention of medical complications. Smartphones have created the ubiquitous environment to support health care with mobile applications (mHealth). This article comments on the publication by Offringa et al in JDST, which is one of few studies that tries to isolate the effects of a diabetes app. At the same time, it is a good example to discuss general aspects of mHealth in diabetes care. Treatment context, eHealth literacy, interoperability, and efficiency will determine the success of diabetes apps. The development has not yet reached its end. A triple quality feedback loop linking persons with diabetes, health care providers, and mHealth providers is suggested.
Effects of Rufous-Backed Robin (Turdus rufopalliatus) on Brazilian Pepper-Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Seed Germination and Dispersal in a Subtropical Peri-Urban Environment
Authors: Ortega-Flores Mauricio , Maya-Elizarrarás Elisa , Schondube Jorge E.
Published: March 2018

Alien invasive species pose a major threat to socioecological systems worldwide. Native avian frugivores may enhance the dispersal and germination success of exotic plants introduced for ornamental motives. In this study, we investigated the role of the native Rufous-backed Robin ( Turdus rufopalliatus) as a potential dispersal agent of the worldwide invasive Brazilian pepper-tree ( Schinus terebinthifolius). We evaluated gut transit time and mean retention time for birds feeding on this plant fruits and compared the germination rate and germination probability of intact fruits, peeled seeds, scarified seeds, and seeds from bird fecal samples. Gut transit time varied from 1.26 to 13.65 min, while mean retention time varied from 3.4 to 11.3 min. Germination rates differed between the intact seeds and the other three treatments; however, we found no differences among the germination rates of peeled, scarified, and defecated seeds. We found no differences among the seed germination probabilities of all treatments using the survival analysis; however, intact seeds presented a lower germination probability. Few studies have evaluated the role of avian frugivore’s gut transit time, mean retention time, germination rate, and germination probability on the seed germination of invasive plants. This study indicates that a native fruit-eating bird can play an important role dispersing the seeds of the Brazilian pepper-tree in an invasive range.
Identification of the risk of blast-induced glass window failure in a complex environment
Authors: Ngo Tuan , Susiswo Herlambang Sri , Duffield Colin , Mendis Priyan , Ghazlan Abdallah
Published: March 2018

Analyzing the risk of failure of glass windows when they are subjected to an explosion is a difficult task, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic behavior of glass and the glass fracture mechanism under blast loads. An efficient approach is required for estimating the level of risk in a complex environment, such as in a built-up city block. This article investigates the level of risk of the failure of glass windows in a complex layout when they are subjected to blast pressures using the probabilistic neural network model. Radial basis function and Bayesian theory are used to address the probabilistic nature of glass failure. The efficacy of the neural network is verified by comparing its risk predictions with blast damage observations from a real-life event. Computational fluid dynamics is used to estimate the magnitude of blast pressures at different locations. The complexity of the built-up environment does affect the level of risk at various locations. The artificial neural network technique provides a quick prediction of the likely damage to glass windows and the consequences for building occupants, offering advantages and practical significance for risk quantification in complex layouts.
Time Collapse in Social Media: Extending the Context Collapse
Authors: Brandtzaeg Petter Bae , Lüders Marika
Published: March 2018

Context collapse, or the flattening of multiple audiences into a single context, has been an important notion in research on privacy experiences, self-performance, and changing user practices in social media. Yet, previous research has mainly addressed context collapse in spatial rather than temporal terms. The resulting lack of an understanding of time in social media limits our conception of the social media context. The aim of this article is therefore to go beyond the spatial dimension in the current notion of “context collapse” in social media. We discuss relevant theories, empirical evidence, and technical features that address the importance of a time dimension and suggest a collapse of temporal patterns in social media. By introducing the concept of “time collapse,” we account for how context in social media may muddle the time boundary between past and present, which, in turn, can affect how users manage their identity and performance on social media. Whereas research on social media has commonly addressed self-performance and impression management, we understand self-identity as an entity in progress. We analyze the results of two empirical case studies to suggest how and why a collapse of time related to self-performance is becoming increasingly prevalent, focusing on young people and Facebook. Our analyses contribute to a new understanding of time and the prolonged self-documenting practices typical of social media. Our research offers a unique understanding of the nature and conceptualization of time that may guide future directions in the study of social media and their implications for young people.
Do migrant remittances improve the quality of government? Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Tusalem Rollin F
Published: March 2018

Migrant remittances have been linked to improving the quality of government and political accountability in the developing world. The argument is that migrants have the capacity to withhold remittances to their families when they deem that their local governments are blighted with corruption and bureaucratic inefficiency. Relatedly, migrants also empower citizens in sub-national regions by providing funds to family members who become less beholden to clientistic ties with political parties which concomitantly foster state-level corruption. Thus, relatives of migrants also become social agents who will increasingly expect better governmental performance and demand higher levels of political accountability at the sub-national level. Using data provided by the Philippine National Statistics Office and the National Statistical Coordinating Board of the Philippines (NSCB hereafter), the study provides empirical evidence that the number of migrants (by province) and the amount of remittances sent by migrants are positively associated with governmental effectiveness and higher levels of human development at the provincial level. It is also found that opportunistic shirking on the part of the sub-national governments is also not occurring, as remittances also induce provincial governments to spend more on their citizens, which will likely lead to better public goods provision. The overall findings imply that just like their counterparts from other developing countries, Filipino migrants are agents of democratic accountability.
Understanding music-selection behavior via statistical learning
Authors: Greb Fabian , Steffens Jochen , Schlotz Wolff
Published: March 2018

Music psychological research has either focused on individual differences of music listening behavior or investigated situational influences. The present study addresses the question of how much of people's listening behavior in daily life is due to individual differences and how much is attributable to situational effects. We aimed to identify the most important factors of both levels (i.e., person-related and situational) driving people's music selection behavior. Five hundred eighty-seven participants reported three self-selected typical music listening situations. For each situation, they answered questions on situational characteristics, functions of music listening, and characteristics of the music selected in the specific situation (e.g., fast - slow, simple - complex). Participants also reported on several person-related variables (e.g., musical taste, Big Five personality dimensions). Due to the large number of variables measured, we implemented a statistical learning method, percentile-Lasso, for variable selection, which prevents overfitting and optimizes models for the prediction of unseen data. Most of the variance in music selection behavior was attributable to differences between situations, while individual differences accounted for much less variance. Situation-specific functions of music listening most consistently explained which kind of music people selected, followed by the degree of attention paid to the music. Individual differences in musical taste most consistently accounted for person-related differences in music selection behavior, whereas the influence of Big Five personality was very weak. These results show a detailed pattern of factors influencing the selection of music with specific characteristics. They clearly emphasize the importance of situational effects on music listening behavior and suggest shifts in widely-used experimental designs in laboratory-based research on music listening behavior.
“Convince Your Patients and You Will Convince Society”: Career Decisions and Professional Identity Among Nurses in India
Authors: Johnson Sonali E.
Published: March 2018

This article reports on the results of qualitative research to investigate the career plans of Indian nurses working in the southern Indian city of Bangalore. The globalized health care market in Bangalore has generated opportunities for an increasingly diversifying profession, many of whose members are keen to pursue global careers, work in specialized clinical settings, and pursue further education, and whose sense of professional identity is strongly influenced by these career choices. The research drew upon interviews with 56 nurses employed across six sites, including public and private health facilities. Decision-making related to the setting of nursing work and the negotiation of boundaries between medical “treatment” were of analytical interest in understanding career drivers and the professional identity of nurses working predominantly in the context of hospital care. Lateral trajectories were found to be important to the construction of a career in nursing—where the extent to which nurses could demonstrate competencies in clinical skill and knowledge and maintain professional control over the practice of nursing are key aspects in constructing a career. The renegotiation of nursing’s public image is at the heart of professionalizing strategies being adopted by nursing’s leaders and is also evident in the accounts presented by hospital nurses in their depictions of nursing practice and career plans. The findings suggest that greater attention to the professional project of nursing in India and the construction of nursing careers would benefit the development of more responsive human resource policies around the retention of nurses.
Fructose Intolerance: Cause or Cure of Chronic Functional Constipation
Authors: Mehta Mehek , Beg Mirza
Published: March 2018

Functional constipation is a common occurrence in the pediatric population. The link between fructose ingestion and constipation is obscure due to a lack of published data. In this article, we discuss the relationship of fructose tolerance and the development of constipation via a literature review and our single-center experience. A literature review of constipation and fructose ingestion was performed using PubMed. A retrospective chart review from the pediatric gastroenterology clinic, January 2012 to December 2015, was completed, with attention to the relationship of fructose intolerance and its clinical presentations. There were 367 patients who underwent the fructose breath hydrogen test (FBHT), out of which 208 patients had fructose intolerance. Clinical presentations included chronic abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, chronic constipation, emesis, and nausea. Statistical significance was reached for chronic constipation, emesis, and nausea, being less likely to be found in FBHT-positive patients. Thus, fructose intolerance may help resolve symptoms in patients with chronic functional constipation.
Assessment and prediction of road accident injuries trend using time-series models in Kurdistan
Authors: Parvareh Maryam , Karimi Asrin , Rezaei Satar , Woldemichael Abraha , Nili Sairan , Nouri Bijan , Nasab Nader Esmail
Published: March 2018

Background

Road traffic accidents are commonly encountered incidents that can cause high-intensity injuries to the victims and have direct impacts on the members of the society. Iran has one of the highest incident rates of road traffic accidents. The objective of this study was to model the patterns of road traffic accidents leading to injury in Kurdistan province, Iran.

Methods

A time-series analysis was conducted to characterize and predict the frequency of road traffic accidents that lead to injury in Kurdistan province. The injuries were categorized into three separate groups which were related to the car occupants, motorcyclists and pedestrian road traffic accident injuries. The Box-Jenkins time-series analysis was used to model the injury observations applying autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) from March 2009 to February 2015 and to predict the accidents up to 24 months later (February 2017). The analysis was carried out using R-3.4.2 statistical software package.

Results

A total of 5199 pedestrians, 9015 motorcyclists, and 28,906 car occupants’ accidents were observed. The mean (SD) number of car occupant, motorcyclist and pedestrian accident injuries observed were 401.01 (SD 32.78), 123.70 (SD 30.18) and 71.19 (SD 17.92) per year, respectively. The best models for the pattern of car occupant, motorcyclist, and pedestrian injuries were the ARIMA (1, 0, 0), SARIMA (1, 0, 2) (1, 0, 0)12, and SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (0, 0, 1)12, respectively. The motorcyclist and pedestrian injuries showed a seasonal pattern and the peak was during summer (August). The minimum frequency for the motorcyclist and pedestrian injuries were observed during the late autumn and early winter (December and January).

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that the observed motorcyclist and pedestrian injuries had a seasonal pattern that was explained by air temperature changes overtime. These findings call the need for close monitoring of the accidents during the high-risk periods in order to control and decrease the rate of the injuries.
Experiences and learnings from induced seismicity regulation in Alberta
Authors: Shipman Todd , MacDonald Ron , Byrnes Tom
Published: March 2018

We have examined the experiences and learnings acquired through the implementation of the Alberta Energy Regulator’s (AER) subsurface order no. 2 (sub or no. 2) traffic light protocol (TLP). On 22 January 2015, a 4.4 [Formula: see text] seismic event occurred near a hydraulic fracturing operation in west-central Alberta and was felt by residents of the town of Fox Creek. On 19 February 2015, the AER issued sub or no. 2 to help manage induced seismicity, as related to hydraulic fracturing of the Duvernay zone in a prescribed area around Fox Creek. Sub or no. 2 requires operators affected by the order to conduct a seismic hazard assessment; prepare a monitoring, mitigation, and response plan; conduct seismic monitoring; and adhere to a TLP. Since sub or no. 2 was issued, two “red light” events (i.e., [Formula: see text]) have occurred in the area. Review and analysis of data and information collected under sub or no. 2 facilitate an improved understanding of the key geologic and operational controls on induced seismicity and allow for an assessment of the efficacy of industry practices and regulatory requirements. We still support the use of local magnitude [Formula: see text] for our TLP based on the purpose and outcomes provided by sub or no. 2. Conversations with operators have suggested that [Formula: see text] orientation should inform the wells’ trajectory with respect to critically stressed faults. The requirement of a response plan was part of the learning process developed under sub or no. 2. Through this exercise, the AER has developed a better understanding of the goals of the response plans, which were better defined through conversations with operators. Sub or no. 2 is consistent with the current state of the evolving science of induced seismicity and has the capacity to change as new information is obtained.
Spiritual Citizenship
Authors: Castor N. Fadeke
Published: March 2018

In Spiritual Citizenship N. Fadeke Castor employs the titular concept to illuminate how Ifá/Orisha practices informed by Yoruba cosmology shape local, national, and transnational belonging in African diasporic communities in Trinidad and beyond. Drawing on almost two decades of fieldwork in Trinidad, Castor outlines how the political activism and social upheaval of the 1970s set the stage for African diasporic religions to enter mainstream Trinidadian society. She establishes how the postcolonial performance of Ifá/Orisha practices in Trinidad fosters a sense of belonging that invigorates its practitioners to work toward freedom, equality, and social justice. Demonstrating how spirituality is inextricable from the political project of black liberation, Castor illustrates the ways in which Ifá/Orisha beliefs and practices offer Trinidadians the means to strengthen belonging throughout the diaspora, access past generations, heal historical wounds, and envision a decolonial future.
The first transcriptomes from field-collected individual whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a case study of the endosymbiont composition
Authors: Sseruwagi Peter , Wainaina James , Ndunguru Joseph , Tumuhimbise Robooni , Tairo Fred , Guo Jian-Yang , Vrielink Alice , Blythe Amanda , Kinene Tonny , De Marchi Bruno , Kehoe Monica A. , Tanz Sandra , Boykin Laura M.
Published: March 2018

Background: Bemisia tabaci species (B. tabaci), or whiteflies, are the world’s most devastating insect pests. They cause billions of dollars (US) of damage each year, and are leaving farmers in the developing world food insecure. Currently, all publically available transcriptome data for B. tabaci are generated from pooled samples, which can lead to high heterozygosity and skewed representation of the genetic diversity. The ability to extract enough RNA from a single whitefly has remained elusive due to their small size and technological limitations.

Methods: In this study, we optimised a single whitefly RNA extraction procedure, and sequenced the transcriptome of four individual adult Sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) B. tabaci. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in 39-42 million raw reads. De novo assembly of trimmed reads yielded between 65,000-162,000 Contigs across B. tabaci transcriptomes.

Results: Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrion cytochrome I oxidase (mtCOI) grouped the four whiteflies within the SSA1 clade. BLASTn searches on the four transcriptomes identified five endosymbionts; the primary endosymbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum and four secondary endosymbionts: Arsenophonus, Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Cardinium spp. that were predominant across all four SSA1 B. tabaci samples with prevalence levels of between 54.1 to 75%. Amino acid alignments of the NusG gene of P. aleyrodidarum for the SSA1 B. tabaci transcriptomes of samples WF2 and WF2b revealed an eleven amino acid residue deletion that was absent in samples WF1 and WF2a. Comparison of the protein structure of the NusG protein from P. aleyrodidarum in SSA1 with known NusG structures showed the deletion resulted in a shorter D loop.

Conclusions: The use of field-collected specimens means time and money will be saved in future studies using single whitefly transcriptomes in monitoring vector and viral interactions. Our method is applicable to any small organism where RNA quantity has limited transcriptome studies.
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens of cats in the UK
Authors: Wright Ian , Davies Saran EF , Wall Richard
Published: March 2018

Ticks parasitising cats are widely distributed throughout the UK, and awareness of the risk presented by ticks and the pathogens they may transmit is of importance. Higher tick numbers and year-round biting activity could pose a significantly increased threat to cats and their owners. The most frequently recorded tick on cats is Ixodes ricinus, but the hedgehog tick Ixodes hexagonus is also common particularly for cats in urban areas and is considerably more prevalent on cats than on dogs. Ticks transmit a wide range of pathogens to cats, although usually with relatively low prevalence in the UK. However, of note is that, in a recent study of the pathogens present in ticks feeding on cats, Babesia vulpes was detected in I. hexagonus and B. venatorum was detected in I. ricinus; both are agents of potentially fatal diseases and in the latter case the pathogen is zoonotic. Tick control is therefore important in cats, not only for the health of parasitised individuals, but also to prevent cats acting as transport hosts for ticks carrying a wide range of pathogens of both veterinary and zoonotic significance.
Hypothermia, bradycardia and hypotension in a Dachshund undergoing a hemilaminectomy
Authors: Thomson Robyn , Murrell Jo
Published: March 2018

A 3-year-10-month-old female neutered Dachshund was presented for investigation of acute onset paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intervertebral disc extrusion, therefore a dorsal hemilaminectomy was performed. While under general anaesthesia, the patient became hypothermic (33.1 °C) and severely bradycardic, with a concurrent severe decrease in blood pressure. Initial management of the bradycardia included glycopyrrolate at a dose rate of 10 μg/kg, administered twice, however the patient was unresponsive to this. Active warming was initiated and the patient's body temperature slowly increased. A single dose of atropine was administered, following which the patient's bradycardia resolved. It is likely that once the patient's temperature increased, all the vasoactive substances were able to take effect. This suggests that the bradycardia was probably, in part, due to the hypothermia, although other factors may have contributed.
Producing emotionally robust puppies. Part 1. Genetic and early environmental considerations
Authors: Hargrave Claire
Published: March 2018

By the time that a puppy joins its new, and hopefully ‘forever’, home at 8 weeks of age, an increasing likelihood of sensitisation to novel social and environmental stimuli can form a significant barrier to the puppy's ability to learn to cope in its new home. In addition, genetic, epigenetic and environmental effects, and deficits, may already have created a puppy that, despite having the neural ability to learn about its new environment, is unable to make positive associations with its new home. This, the first of two articles, examines some of the circumstances associated with breeding stock and the breeding environment, that can form significant impediments to the future emotional and behavioural welfare of puppies. A second article will make further suggestions regarding breeder strategies that can be encouraged by the veterinary team. Such intervention can ensure that families attempting an appropriate introduction of their 8-week-old puppies to their new environments have a fighting chance of success — ultimately producing emotionally robust puppies that cope with their environments and that remain with one family during a long, and emotionally competent, life.
The effect of triclosan-coated sutures on the rate of surgical site infection after hip and knee arthroplasty: a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 2546 patients
Authors: Sprowson† A. P. , Jensen C. , Parsons N. , Partington P. , Emmerson K. , Carluke I. , Asaad S. , Pratt R. , Muller S. , Ahmed I. , Reed M. R.
Published: March 2018

Aims

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication of surgery with an incidence of about 1% in the United Kingdom. Sutures can lead to the development of a SSI, as micro-organisms can colonize the suture as it is implanted. Triclosan-coated sutures, being antimicrobical, were developed to reduce the rate of SSI. Our aim was to assess whether triclosan-coated sutures cause a reduction in SSIs following arthroplasty of the hip and knee.

Patients and Methods

This two-arm, parallel, double-blinded study involved 2546 patients undergoing elective total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at three hospitals. A total of 1323 were quasi-randomized to a standard suture group, and 1223 being quasi-randomized to the triclosan-coated suture group. The primary endpoint was the rate of SSI at 30 days postoperatively.

Results

The baseline characteristics of age, gender and comorbidities were well matched in the two groups. The rates of superficial SSI were 0.8% in the control group and 0.7% in the intervention group (p = 0.651), and when deep and superficial SSIs were combined the rates were 2.5% and 1.8 (p = 0.266). The length of stay in hospital and the rates of medical complications did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 1.000).

Conclusion

This trial provided no evidence that the use of triclosan-coated sutures at THA and TKA leads to a reduction in the rate of SSI. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:296–302.
Risk factors for recurrent instability or revision surgery following arthroscopic Bankart repair
Authors: Mahure S. A. , Mollon B. , Capogna B. M. , Zuckerman J. D. , Kwon Y. W. , Rokito A. S.
Published: March 2018

Aims

The factors that predispose to recurrent instability and revision stabilization procedures after arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior glenohumeral instability remain unclear. We sought to determine the rate and risk factors associated with ongoing instability in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair for instability of the shoulder.

Materials and Methods

We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database to identify patients with a diagnosis of anterior instability of the shoulder undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair between 2003 and 2011. Patients were followed for a minimum of three years. Baseline demographics and subsequent further surgery to the ipsilateral shoulder were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for recurrent instability.

Results

A total of 5719 patients were analyzed. Their mean age was 24.9 years (sd 9.3); 4013 (70.2%) were male. A total of 461 (8.1%) underwent a further procedure involving the ipsilateral shoulder at a mean of 31.5 months (sd 23.8) postoperatively; 117 (2.1%) had a closed reduction and 344 (6.0%) had further surgery. Revision arthroscopic Bankart repair was the most common subsequent surgical procedure (223; 65.4%). Independent risk factors for recurrent instability were: age < 19 years (odds ratio 1.86), Caucasian ethnicity (hazard ratio 1.42), bilateral instability of the shoulder (hazard ratio 2.17), and a history of closed reduction(s) prior to the initial repair (hazard ratio 2.45). Revision arthroscopic Bankart repair was associated with significantly higher rates of ongoing persistent instability than revision open stabilization (12.4% vs 5.1%, p = 0.041).

Conclusion

The incidence of a further procedure being required in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior glenohumeral instability was 8.1%. Younger age, Caucasian race, bilateral instability, and closed reduction prior to the initial repair were independent risk factors for recurrent instability, while subsequent revision arthroscopic Bankart repair had significantly higher rates of persistent instability than subsequent open revision procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:324–30.
Risk factors for progression of articular cartilage damage after anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Nakamae A. , Adachi N. , Deie M. , Ishikawa M. , Nakasa T. , Ikuta Y. , Ochi M.
Published: March 2018

Aims

To investigate the risk factors for progression of articular cartilage damage after anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Patients and Methods

A total of 174 patients who underwent second-look arthroscopic evaluation after anatomical ACL reconstruction were enrolled in this study. The graded condition of the articular cartilage at the time of ACL reconstruction was compared with that at second-look arthroscopy. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), ACL reconstruction technique, meniscal conditions, and other variables were assessed by regression analysis as risk factors for progression of damage to the articular cartilage.

Results

In the medial compartment, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that partial medial meniscectomy (odds ratio (OR) 6.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.11 to 22.04, p = 0.001), pivot-shift test grade at the final follow-up (OR 3.53, CI 1.39 to 8.96, p = 0.008), BMI (OR 1.15, CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.015) and medial meniscal repair (OR 3.19, CI 1.24 to 8.21, p = 0.016) were significant risk factors for progression of cartilage damage. In the lateral compartment, partial lateral meniscectomy (OR 10.94, CI 4.14 to 28.92, p < 0.001) and side-to-side differences in anterior knee laxity at follow-up (OR 0.63, p = 0.001) were significant risk factors.

Conclusion

Partial meniscectomy was found to be strongly associated with the progression of articular cartilage damage despite r anatomical ACL reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:285–93.
Geophysical study in En Nuhud basin area
Authors: Elmansour Asim Abubabakr , Attag Omar Omar
Published: March 2018

Integration of gravity, magnetic, resistivity and geophysical well logging methods were used to reveal the geological structures and the hydrogeological conditions. Magnetic mineralogy among the primary bed rocks or within the sedimentary sequence considerably affect the responses of gravity and magnetic methods. En Nuhud Basin is structural depression as a half-graben produced by displacement along a system of faults. Gravity measurements give a sense of that the area was dissected by different fault trends of NNW-SSE and E-W trends, with down throws towards the center of the basin, and variable magnitudes of displacement. The thickness of the sediments occupying the basin vary from few meters at the periphery of the basin to about 1000 meters at the southern parts. The water saturated zones in the Nubian Formation show good characteristics and a thickness range from 12- 140 m. The weathered Basement Complex is sometimes serve as aguiferous zone.
ANALISIS UTILITARIANISME TERHADAP DISPENSASI NIKAH PADA UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974
Authors: Rifqi Muhammad Jazil
Published: March 2018

This study examine philosophically of foundation and requirements of marriage Act in Indonesia where one of them is 19year old for men and 16year old for women. However, when one of married people has not fulfilled the matter of age to marry, their parents have to submit marriage dispensation to the religious court so that their child is be able to continue his/her marriage that having been refused by KUA before. From this result of research, KUA Kotagede in 2015 has married three couples in which they have no standar age to marriage. Several decisions considering dispensation of marriage in religious court in 2015 have also indicated that majority of marriage childs who married under standart of age having been pregnant before they make agreement about marriage. Therefore, to analize dualism of law on the constitution of utilitarianism will be used which in briefly the conclusion of which suggests to make punishment that hoped reducing rate a marriage under established age.[Tulisan ini menelaah secara filosofis pondasi dan persyaratan usia pernikahan yang mana untuk laki-laki berusia 19 tahun dan perempuan berusia 16 tahun. Oleh karena itu, jika calon pengantin tidak memenuhi syarat tersebut maka orang tua mereka harus mengajukan dispensasi ke KUA setempat. Berdasarkan pada kasus yang terjadi di KUA Kotagede tahun 2015, terdapat tiga pernikahan yang syarat umurnya kurang. Kebanyakan dari mereka adalah yang hamil lebih dulu. Maka dari itu, analisis dualisme hukum dalam aturan utilitarianisme dapat digunakan untuk menyimpulkan secara ringkas yang mana disarankan untuk memberikan hukuman agar mengurangi tingkat pernikahan dini.]
Ibn Al-Haytham’s Classification of Knowledge
Authors: Ishaq Usep Mohamad , Wan Daud Wan Mohd Nor
Published: March 2018

Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039) is a well known scholar for his contributions in natural and mathematical sciences. The research focuses on his works in sciences and mathematics and only a few studies carry out on his contribution on philosophy due to the lack of the primary sources. The only known surviving Ibn al-Haytham’s work on philosophy is Kitāb Thamarah al-ḥikmah. However, few studies have examined and explored this work. Based on this work, the present study tries to scrutinize Ibn al-Haytham’s epistemology and focused mainly on his classification of knowledge. The comparative study of Ibn al-Haytham’s classification of knowledge and that of al-Fārābī‘s, Ibn Ḥazm’s, Ṭūsī’s, and al-Ghāzālī  is also carried out. The result shows that Ibn al-Haytham has two mode of classifications: the ontological and epistemological. It is also obvious that Ibn al-Haytham tries to integrate Greek philosophy and sciences within the worldview of Islām. The results of the present study also suggests that the nexus between the concept of classification of knowledge and the concept of perfect man (al-insān al-tāmm) is obvious.[Ibn al-Haytham (w. 1039) adalah sarjana yang dikenal sumbangsihnya dalam ilmu-alam dan matematika. Penelitian-penelitian hingga saat ini cenderung difokuskan pada karya-karya sains dan matematikanya saja dan hanya sedikit dilakukan pada karya-karya filsafatnya karena kurangnya rujukan primer. Satu-satunya karya Ibn al-Haytham yang ada dalam bidang filsafat adalah Kitāb Thamarah al-Ḥikmah. Namun, studi yang dilakukan untuk meneliti dan mengeksplorasi karya ini sejauh ini amat kurang. Berdasarkan karyanya tersebut, kajian ini mencoba untuk meneliti dengan seksama epistemologi Ibn al-Haytham dan utamanya difokuskan pada klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan. Studi perbandingan antara klasifikasi ilmu Ibn al-Haytham dengan al-Fārābī‘s, Ibn Ḥazm’s, Ṭūsī’s, and al-Ghāzālī juga dihadirkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ibn al-Haytham memiliki dua cara klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan. Juga sangat nampak bahwa Ibn al-Haytham mencoba memadukan filsafat dan sains Yunani dalam pandangan alam Islam. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang jelas antara konsep klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan dengan konsep manusia sempurna (al-insān al-tāmm)]
Under Children's Eyes: Becoming Pious in Tayeb Salih and Pramoedya Ananta Toer Short Stories
Authors: Dewi Novita
Published: March 2018

This research seeks to discuss how child characters navigate their interactions with the adults in two short stories set in the predominantly Islamic society of Sudan and Indonesia. It examines Tayeb Salih’s “A Handful of Dates” (1964) and Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s “Circumcision” (1950) by locating both texts in World Literature which is largely Western or Eurocentric. Both short stories belong to the genre of initiation fiction often included in world literature anthologies. This paper argues that both authors help contribute to not only the rethinking of World Literature concept and circulation thereof, but also balanced view of heterogonous, multicultural Muslim society. Using post-Genette focalization theory as conceptual framework, this study finds out that the child narrators play distinct roles as (1) the perceptual focalizer to reveal injustice and frivolity of the adults’ world; (2) the ideological focalizer to make meaning of children’s faith through their relationship with the grown-ups. [Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas bagaimana tokoh anak berinteraksi dengan orang-orang dewasa dalam dua cerita pendek dari negara berpenduduk mayoritas Islam, Sudan dan Indonesia. Karya Tayeb Shalih, "A Handful of Dates"[Segenggam Kurma] (1964) dan karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Sunat" (1950) dikaji dengan menempatkan kedua teks dalam Sastra Dunia yang cenderung berkiblat ke dunia Barat dan Eropa. Kedua cerita pendek  bergenre fiksi inisiasi ini sering diikutkan dalam antologi sastra dunia. Makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua penulis memberikan kontribusi dalam penafsiran ulang konsep dan peredaran Sastra Dunia, serta pandangan yang lebih seimbang terhadap masyarakat Muslim yang heterogen dan multikultural. Menggunakan Teori Fokalisasi Pasca-Genette sebagai kerangka konseptual, studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa tokoh anak dalam kedua cerpen memainkan peran yang berbeda sebagai (1) focalizer (penyuara) perseptif yang mengungkapkan ketidakadilan dan kedegilan dunia orang dewasa; (2) penyuara ideologis yang memaknai keimanan anak lewat relasi dengan orang-orang dewasa.]
The Fight to Keep Evolution Out of Schools: The Law and Classroom Instruction
Authors: Hall Gordon Emmett , Woika Shirley Andrea
Published: March 2018

There are forces at the local, state, and national levels that have worked to delegitimize and obstruct the teaching of evolution and, in some cases, to legitimize the teaching of religious ideas. Despite scientific evidence, public opinion, and even legislation, these forces have continued to influence, and in some cases block, the teaching of evolution in public schools. Proponents for the teaching of aspects of religion in schools have been defeated in the courts many times but have continued to find new ways to insert their ideology into the U.S. education system. Strategies for avoiding controversy, confronting misinformation, and distinguishing science from non-science are provided.
Sex differences in risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Ha Jeonghoon , Lee Jeongmin , Jo Kwanhoon , Lim Dong-Jun , Kang Moo Il , Cha Bong Yun , Kim Min-Hee
Published: March 2018

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in Korean adults and identify the risk factors for the occurrence of SCH by sex.

Design and methods

This study used data from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey, which comprises a health interview survey, a health examination survey and a nutrition survey. To examine SCH, the reference range of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was defined using both the range provided by the test kit manufacturer (SCH-M) and a population-based range (SCH-P). We investigated the prevalence of SCH and its risk factors by sex using both reference ranges.

Results

The prevalence of SCH in Koreans according to SCH-M (0.35–5.5 µIU/mL) was 5.6%, and 3.3% with SCH-P (0.62–6.68 µIU/mL). For men, smoking significantly reduced the incidence of SCH, positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) significantly increased the risk of SCH, and in an adjusted model, the risk of SCH in all quartiles increased as the urine iodine creatinine ratio (UICR) quartile increased. For women, positive TPOAb was confirmed as a risk factor for SCH, as was the highest UICR quartile. Furthermore, the odds ratio for SCH in urban vs rural residence was 1.78.

Conclusions

The prevalence rates of SCH were similar to those reported in the literature and previously known risk factors were confirmed using both TSH reference ranges. The notable findings from this study are that the increased risk of SCH with increased iodine intake was more marked in men than in women and that residential area may be a risk factor for SCH in women.
Genetic Variance Partitioning and Genome-Wide Prediction with Allele Dosage Information in Autotetraploid Potato
Authors: Endelman Jeffrey B , Carley Cari A Schmitz , Bethke Paul C , Coombs Joseph J , Clough Mark E , da Silva Washington L , De Jong Walter S , Douches David S , Frederick Curtis M , Haynes Kathleen G , Holm David G , Miller J Creighton , Muñoz Patricio R , Navarro Felix M , Novy Richard G , Palta Jiwan P , Porter Gregory A , Rak Kyle T , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar R , Thompson Asunta L , Yencho G Craig
Published: March 2018

As one of the world’s most important food crops, the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has spurred innovation in autotetraploid genetics, including in the use of SNP arrays to determine allele dosage at thousands of markers. By combining genotype and pedigree information with phenotype data for economically important traits, the objectives of this study were to (1) partition the genetic variance into additive vs. nonadditive components, and (2) determine the accuracy of genome-wide prediction. Between 2012 and 2017, a training population of 571 clones was evaluated for total yield, specific gravity, and chip fry color. Genomic covariance matrices for additive (G), digenic dominant (D), and additive × additive epistatic (G#G) effects were calculated using 3895 markers, and the numerator relationship matrix (A) was calculated from a 13-generation pedigree. Based on model fit and prediction accuracy, mixed model analysis with G was superior to A for yield and fry color but not specific gravity. The amount of additive genetic variance captured by markers was 20% of the total genetic variance for specific gravity, compared to 45% for yield and fry color. Within the training population, including nonadditive effects improved accuracy and/or bias for all three traits when predicting total genotypic value. When six F1 populations were used for validation, prediction accuracy ranged from 0.06 to 0.63 and was consistently lower (0.13 on average) without allele dosage information. We conclude that genome-wide prediction is feasible in potato and that it will improve selection for breeding value given the substantial amount of nonadditive genetic variance in elite germplasm.