bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cribriform Morular Thyroid Carcinoma: A Rare Case and Associated Uncommon Features
Authors: Sahu Ajit , Shahin Mohammed , Jain Priyansh , Sultania Mahesh , Ayyanar Pavithra
Published: October 2023

Cribriform morular thyroid carcinoma has been added under tumors of uncertain histogenesis. Its peculiar clinical, histomorphological pattern, and immunohistochemical profile have been proved different from papillary thyroid carcinoma. A 59-year-old female patient had a lesion in the left lobe of the thyroid. Fine needle aspiration cytology was reported as medullary thyroid carcinoma. The total thyroidectomy specimen showed a predominantly solid tumor of size 9.5 cm in the left lobe. Microscopy showed a mixed growth pattern with the dominant cribriform and solid morular area. Nuclear features of papillary carcinoma were not seen. Squamoid morules had nuclear clearing. Marked stromal hyalinization and calcification were noted. Extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis were not identified. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were diffuse and strong nuclear positive for β-catenin, TTF1, PAX8, estrogen receptor, focal, and weak positivity for CD5. Synaptophysin, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, and CDX2 were negative. We report this rare cribriform morular thyroid carcinoma case with its associated uncommon histological and immunohistochemical features.
Safety and Exposure in Transparent School Interiors: Patterned User Perceptions of Glass
Authors: Altenburger Elke , Russell Luke
Published: October 2023

Transparency has become a key component of K-12 school architecture, intended to support active learning and foster lively social environments. But transparency’s social affordances are complex. Previous scholarship has demonstrated visibility allows for natural surveillance that may impact vulnerable users differently than their less vulnerable peers. Thus, the interdisciplinary research team surveyed user perceptions of transparent features of non-classroom spaces in a contemporary U.S. middle school building. After determining patterns of perceptions using latent class analyses, variations across classes regarding participant demographics, health, well-being, and family functioning were assessed. We identified three classes of responses. A “multiple affordances” class ( n = 41 parents, 52 children) largely composed of participants unfamiliar with the building, whom perceived both advantages and disadvantages to glass spaces. A “glass is safe” class ( n = 52 parents, 39 children) who appreciated glass spaces as good places to hang out with friends that allowed users to detect potential threats. And a “glass exposes” class ( n = 31 parents, 33 children) who saw few benefits to glass spaces and perceived glass environments as not well protected. The glass exposes class was the most racially diverse, had the lowest family income, and reported comparably worse health, well-being, and family functioning than peers in other classes. To support vulnerable students and families, we recommend designers of secondary schools use a wider variety of levels of enclosure in non-classroom spaces to create more refined anchoring qualities and to offer richer selections of social settings for student interactions during their breaks.
Size-dependent nonlinear forced vibration of microbeam using two-phase local/nonlocal viscoelastic integral model with thermal effects
Authors: Qing Hai
Published: October 2023

Combination strain-driven (εD) and stress-driven (σD) two-phase local/nonlocal integral models (TPNIM) with classic Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model, εD- and σD-two-phase local/nonlocal viscoelastic integral models (TPNVIM) are proposed to study the viscoelastic nonlinear forced vibration behaviors of microbeams in thermal environment. Based on von-Karman large deformation theory and the Hamilton’s principle, the differential governing equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived for nonlinear forced vibration of microbeam. Several non-dimensional variables are introduced to simplify the mathematical formulation. Nonlocal viscoelastic equations in integral form are transferred unitedly into equivalent differential form with constitutive constraints. The axial force of nonlocal microbeam with immovable ends is derived explicitly. Vibration frequency and corresponding linear vibration mode shape are derived through Laplace transformation for linear thermo-elastic vibration of microbeam using εD- and σD-TPNIMs. The Ritz-Galerkin approach is utilized to derive the reduced differential governing equation for nonlinear vibration of microbeam, which has exact same form as single-degree-of-freedom oscillator with cubic nonlinearity when material viscosity is neglected. The method of multiple scales (MMS) based on trigonometric functions is utilized to solve the reduced nonlinear differential equation approximately. The frequency-amplitude responses are addressed for primary and super-harmonic resonances of microbeam. The effects of viscous coefficient, amplitude of excitation force and environmental temperature variation as well as nonlocal length parameter on the nonlinear vibration behavior of microbeam are investigated numerically for different boundary conditions.
Active noise control with resonant flush-mounted piezoelectric cells in the presence of airflow: Wind tunnel experiments
Authors: Rodriguez Jonathan , Ezzine Mouhamed , Collet Manuel , Clair Vincent
Published: October 2023

Methods and technologies to control the noise coming from turbulent flows impinging on outlet guide vanes in turbofan engines are tremendously needed nowadays to comply with new legislation on acoustic environment pollution. The following paper relies on preliminary research proposing a new experimental design of active noise control system to be further integrated into a jet engine outer guide vane prototype, consisting of multiple flush-mounted piezoelectric cells. Here, three active cells are placed on the bottom wall of a wind tunnel with upstream acoustic excitation generating grazing incident waves for different airflow velocities. Using a downstream microphone as an error sensor, the active system succeeds in improving the transmission loss of the sample by 2.5 dB at the target frequency (670 Hz) corresponding to the main piezo acoustic mode with airflow velocities up to 20 m.s−1. These early experimental results confirm the ability of the concept to interact with the ambient acoustics without disturbing the airflow as in passive solutions using porous materials, for instance, leading the path to future experiments with realistic turbulence generating acoustic sources on the leading edge of the vane profile.
Design and analysis of a novel flexible variable stiffness damping mechanism for grinding electric spindle
Authors: Sheng Lianchao , Xu Mincui , Shen Jianwei , Li Wei , Ye Guo
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to design a flexible variable stiffness damping mechanism to solve the load impact problem in the grinding process of permanent magnet electric spindle. Firstly, combined with the structure and usage scene of the grinding permanent magnet electric spindle, according to the design principles and technical indicators, a novel flexible variable stiffness vibration damping joint is proposed. Then the stiffness and energy storage model of the flexible variable stiffness damping mechanism is established, and the stiffness and energy storage characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed. The strength and dynamic characteristics of the flexible variable stiffness mechanism are analyzed by Ansys and Adams, respectively. Finally, an experimental platform for the comprehensive performance verification of the flexible variable stiffness damping mechanism is built to verify the dynamic characteristics and damping effect of the mechanism. The research results show that the designed flexible variable stiffness structure has better vibration damping effect and can improve the grinding performance of the permanent magnet electric spindle.
Differences in the Rotation Axis Between Professional and Experienced Amateur Ballet Dancers During pirouette en dehour in Classical Ballet With Wearing Pointe Shoes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tsubaki Yurina , Kawano Yui , Lin Cheng-Feng , Kuno-Mizumura Mayumi
Published: October 2023

Introduction: En pointe, in which weight is placed on the tiptoes, is a fundamental practice for female ballet dancers with pointe shoes. The center of mass (COM) is maintained over the base of support and the relative position of COM to the center of pressure (COP) is especially important when conducting a pirouette in ballet. A pirouette is a fundamental turn in classical ballet with flat shoes and pointe shoes. The investigation of the turn with pointe shoes would be favorable for understanding the movement with limited base of support. Herein, we aimed to determine the differences in the ability to perform pirouettes with pointe shoes between professional and amateur ballet dancers. Methods: This study included 8 professional and 9 amateur ballet dancers. The dancers performed a single pirouette, and the movement was captured and analyzed in 3 phases: turning with double-leg support (TDS), turning with single-leg support in pre-swing (TSSp), and turning with single-leg support in mid-swing (TSSm). The analysis focused on the inclination between the vertical angle and the COP-COM line, the vertical maximum reaction force, and the jump-up time in each phase. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the TDS and TSSp. However, professional ballet dancers exhibited significantly lesser posterior inclinations (professional; 2.05° ± 0.90°, amateur; 3.88° ± 1.67°) and jump-up time (professional; 0%, amateur; 1.4% ± 1.3%) than amateur dancers during TSSm. Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that professional dancers exhibit superior control skills regarding the COP-COM line than amateur dancers during TSSm. These results may be attributed to the fact that professional dancers can maintain the COM as close to the upright as on the COP without jumping during TSSm. This enables professional dancers to conduct the movements esthetically and continue on to the other movements in the dance phase.
“You Must Try Our Taco!”: Advancing the Power of Language Assertiveness in Food Advertising
Authors: Yu Xi , Liu Stephanie Q.
Published: October 2023

Assertive advertising messages, such as “You must try our taco!” are ubiquitous in the hospitality industry. However, the effectiveness of assertive language as a food advertising strategy is not well understood. Drawing on language expectancy theory, this research examines how language assertiveness shapes consumers’ responses to food advertisements featuring organic versus conventional food. Findings reveal that assertive (vs. nonassertive) language boosts consumers’ intentions to purchase organic food, whereas nonassertive (vs. assertive) language increases consumers’ intentions to purchase conventional food. Furthermore, our mediation analysis reveals that brand competence inference serves as the psychological mechanism underlying the impact of language assertiveness and food type on purchase intention.
Hygienic Disposal of Children’s Stools Practices Among Women of Children With Diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Essuman Mainprice Akuoko , Storph Rebecca Peniel , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Budu Eugene , Yaya Sanni
Published: October 2023

Background:

Diarrhoea stools contain infectious agents and pose a public health threat to children and members of the entire family when exposed to them. Therefore, their hygienic disposal is essential. Empirical data are needed to stir the needed public health interventions to encourage or enforce proper disposal practices to curb associated clinical issues. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of hygienic stool disposal practices by mothers of children with diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods:

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data of 16 sub-Saharan African countries from 2015 to 2021 involving 22 590 mother-child pairs were analysed. Multilevel binary logistic analysis was conducted to assess the individual- and household-level factors associated with the hygienic disposal of stool practices by mothers of children with diarrhoea. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) at a statistical significance of P < .05.

Results:

The overall prevalence of hygienic disposal of children’s stools among women of children with diarrhoea was 49.01% (95% CI: 48.40-49.62) and ranged from 15.70% in Liberia to 86.6% in Rwanda. The practice of hygienic disposal of stools of children with diarrhoea was likely to increase among mothers who are working (AOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09-1.30), those with partners with primary level of education (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06-1.31), Muslims (AOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.49-1.91) and widowed/divorced (AOR: 8.94, 95% CI: 3.55-22.53). Again, mothers in the richer (AOR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.39) wealth index had increased odds of disposing of stools hygienically compared to those in the poorest wealth index. Women who were 20 years and above, to who belonged to Traditional Religions (AOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.74), and those with unimproved sources of water (AOR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) and toilet facilities (AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.58-0.69) were less likely to dispose of child’s diarrhoea stool hygienically than their counterparts.

Conclusion:

The study reveals that the unhygienic disposal of the stool of children with diarrhoea is prevalent in SSA and requires a concerted effort to curb it. Sanitation practices such as educating mothers about hygienic disposal of children’s stool and improving water and sanitation facilities are crucial in lowering the high prevalence of unhygienic disposal of the diarrhoeic stool of children. Additional country-level research is needed to assess children’s defecation behaviours and the disposal of diarrhoeic stools using different methodologies.
Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Learmonth Yvonne C , P Herring Matthew , Russell Daniel I , Pilutti Lara A , Day Sandra , Marck Claudia H , Chan Bryan , Metse Alexandra P , Motl Robert W
Published: October 2023

Background:

A review of the safety profile of exercise training in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been conducted since 2013.

Objective:

We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training published since 2013 and quantified estimated population risks of clinical relapse, adverse events (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE).

Methods:

Articles reporting safety outcomes from comparisons of exercise training with non-exercise among persons with MS were identified. The risk of bias was established from study’s internal validity assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Rates and estimated mean population relative risks (RRs; 95% confidence interval (CI)) of safety outcomes were calculated, and random-effects meta-analysis estimated the mean RR.

Results:

Forty-six interventions from 40 RCTs ( N = 1780) yielded 46, 40 and 39 effects for relapse, AE, adverse effects and SAE, respectively. The mean population RRs ((95% CI), p-value) for relapse, AE and SAE were 0.95 ((0.61, 1.48), p = 0.82), 1.40 ((0.90, 2.19), p = 0.14) and 1.05 ((0.62, 1.80), p = 0.85), respectively. No significant heterogeneity is observed for any outcome.

Conclusion:

In studies that reported safety outcomes, there was no higher risk of relapse, AE, adverse effects or SAE for exercise training than the comparator. Exercise training may be promoted as safe and beneficial to persons with MS.
Outcomes of Castor Single-Branched Stent Graft for Reconstruction of Multiple Supra-Aortic Branches in Aortic Arch Disease
Authors: Wang Zibin , He Xinqi , Liu Boyu , Liu Peng , Jiang Xia , Yang Yan , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

To report the outcomes of a combination of Castor single-branched stent grafts with other techniques for the reconstruction of multiple supra-aortic branches in aortic arch disease.

Materials and methods:

Between December 2019 and December 2021, 20 patients with aortic arch disease underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) at our institution using a Castor single-branched stent graft combined with the fenestration, chimney, or bypass techniques. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is indicated for complicated or acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD), nonruptured aneurysms with a maximum aneurysm diameter >5.5 cm or showing rapidly expanded, ruptured, or threatened aneurysms, and penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs) with a maximal aortic diameter >5.5 cm or with PAUs >10 mm deep or >20 mm in diameter. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data were recorded.

Results:

The median age of the patients was 56 (range=52-69 years) years, and 19 patients were men. Seven patients underwent the Castor single-branched stent graft and left common carotid artery (LCCA) chimney technique, 8 patients underwent the Castor single-branched stent graft and fenestration technique, and 5 patients underwent the Castor single-branched stent graft and bypass technique. The technical success rate was 100%. Major adverse events included 2 endoleaks, 1 spinal cord ischemia, and 1 early-stage retrograde type A aortic dissection. No cerebral stroke–related complications were observed. The mortality rate was 10% (2/20 patients). One patient with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) died because of a sudden decrease in oxygen saturation and blood pressure after surgery. Relatives declined autopsy, and the cause of death was not determined. Another patient died of a retrograde type A dissection after surgery. The median follow-up period was 6 months (range=3.5-12 months). During follow-up, 1 patient with type I endoleak underwent thoracotomy again after a year. The remaining patients recovered well.

Conclusions:

The combination of a Castor single-branched stent graft with fenestration, chimney, or bypass techniques may be an effective treatment for preserving multiple supra-aortic branches in aortic arch disease.

Clinical Impact

This study introduced three methods of reconstruction of multiple supra-aortic branches using a Castor single-branched stent graft (Castor single-branched stent graft combined with fenestration, chimney, or bypass technique) and analysed their advantages and shortcomings to provide experience for the future treatment of aortic arch diseases.
Clinical Outcomes and Factors Associated With Aortic Shrinkage After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Aneurysmal Chronic Aortic Dissection
Authors: Shijo Takayuki , Shimamura Kazuo , Maeda Koichi , Yamashita Kizuku , Ide Toru , Yamana Fumio , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kuratani Toru , Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for chronic aortic dissection (AD) with aneurysmal degeneration remains controversial. We retrospectively investigated clinical outcomes and assessed predictors of aortic shrinkage after TEVAR for chronic aneurysmal AD.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2010 and December 2021, 70 patients with double-barrel-type chronic AD were enrolled. Major intimal tears in thoracic aorta were covered by stent graft. Early and late clinical outcomes, and diameter change of downstream aorta during follow-up period were reviewed. Subsequently, factors associated with aortic shrinkage were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Mean age was 63 (interquartile range [IQR]: 54–68) years, 54 (80%) men, median duration from AD onset was 4 (IQR: 1–10) years, and maximum aortic diameter was 53 (IQR: 49–58) mm. Supra-aortic debranching procedure was required in 57 (81%) patients. Early aorta-related death occurred in 2 (3%) patients. Both stroke and spinal cord ischemia occurred in 1 (2%) patient. Five-year freedom rates from aorta-related death and reintervention were 96% and 51%, respectively. Sixty-four patients underwent follow-up computed tomography (84%) 1 year after TEVAR, with 33 (52%) achieving aortic shrinkage. In multivariable analysis, duration from AD onset (per year) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 0.70–0.97; p=0.017) and maximum aortic-diameter ratio between aortic arch and descending aorta (per 0.1) (morphologic index; OR: 1.34, 1.04–1.74; p=0.023) were independent aortic shrinkage predictors.

Conclusions:

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for chronic AD with aneurysmal degeneration achieved satisfactory survival outcomes, but with a considerable reintervention rate. Duration from AD onset and preoperative aortic morphology could affect post-TEVAR aortic shrinkage. Earlier intervention could lead to better aortic shrinkage.

Clinical Impact

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for chronic aortic dissection with aneurysmal degeneration showed low incidence of early and late aorta-related death. By contrast, aortic shrinkage rate was low with high incidence of reintervention to the residual downstream aorta. According to the assessment of preoperative variables, chronicity and aortic morphology could predict postoperative aortic shrinkage.
The Perspectives of Advanced Practice Provider Directors on Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Alignment and Hiring
Authors: Gigli Kristin Hittle , Calhoun Jackie , Dierkes Andrew M. , Martsolf Grant R.
Published: October 2023

Demand for acute care is forecasted to grow in the United States. To meet this demand, nurse practitioners (NPs) are increasingly employed in acute care settings. Yet, there is concern about an adequate supply of acute care NPs given demand. Further, professional nursing organizations recommend aligning an NP's role with their education, certification, licensure, and practice. Given workforce constraints and the policy environment, little is known about how hospitals approach hiring NPs for acute care roles. The purpose of this study was to explore advanced practice provider (APP) directors’ approaches to hiring NPs within the context of alignment and describe factors that influence hiring decisions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 APP directors in hospitals and health systems. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using an iterative, hybrid inductive and deductive method. Two themes emerged: (1) local factors that inform aligned hiring and (2) adaptive hiring responses to changing environments. Practices around hiring NPs varied across institutions influenced by organization and state policies and regulations, workforce availability, and institutional culture. Most APP directors recognized trends towards hiring aligned NPs for acute care roles. However, they also identified barriers to fully aligning their NP workforce and described adaptive strategies including hiring physician assistants, building relationships with APP schools, and leveraging hospital resources to develop the APP workforce to meet care delivery demands given the current NP workforce supply. Future research is needed to assess widespread practices around acute care NP alignment and the implications of alignment for patient and organizational outcomes.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Continuous Noninvasive Monitoring of Free Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction: Systematic Review of the Literature and Personal Experience
Authors: Festa Bianca Maria , Costantino Andrea , Pace Gian Marco , Spriano Giuseppe , De Virgilio Armando
Published: October 2023

Background

Buried free flaps represent a reconstructive challenge concerning monitoring of vitality, which is fundamental for an early detection of flap failure and prompt surgical salvage. Many flap monitoring techniques have been developed over time, and there is still no consensus concerning the best monitoring technique for buried reconstructions.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature on NIRS monitoring for head and neck free flaps. Moreover, we presented a case of orbital reconstruction through a buried free myo-fascial anterolateral tight flap (ALTF) in which postoperative monitoring was performed by means of NIRS.

Results

Four studies were included with a total of 200 monitored head and neck free flap reconstructions. Flap survival was reported in 96.5% of studies (n = 193/200) with a 3.5% of total flap failure rate (n = 7/200). We monitored the buried myo-fascial ALTF for 7 post-operative days measuring a regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) ranging from 55% to 72% (mean = 66%).

Conclusions

This device appeared to be an efficient choice for monitoring buried flaps, thanks to its ability to measure tissue perfusion deep under the skin, to the continuous availability of recorded data on the monitor, and to its low impact on the patient. Further prospective studies are advised in order to standardize this monitoring technique and define warning values.
Small Campus, Big Issues: Leading the New Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee
Authors: Hadley Craig R.
Published: October 2023

Following public outcry surrounding George Floyd’s murder in 2020, President Blakeley Alexander of Small Midwestern College established the institution’s first diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) committee. After nearly a year, the two cochairs and eight committee members found themselves split into opposing factions amid the remote work challenges of COVID-19. The committee reached a tipping point when one of the two committee cochairs—also the Vice President (VP) of student services—inadvertently sent an email to the DEI committee, resulting in broken trust and demoralized spirits. Significant intervention is now required to right the ship, create an environment of trust, and move the committee forward.
Transmission Versus Truth, Imitation Versus Innovation: What Children Can Do That Large Language and Language-and-Vision Models Cannot (Yet)
Authors: Yiu Eunice , Kosoy Eliza , Gopnik Alison
Published: October 2023

Much discussion about large language models and language-and-vision models has focused on whether these models are intelligent agents. We present an alternative perspective. First, we argue that these artificial intelligence (AI) models are cultural technologies that enhance cultural transmission and are efficient and powerful imitation engines. Second, we explore what AI models can tell us about imitation and innovation by testing whether they can be used to discover new tools and novel causal structures and contrasting their responses with those of human children. Our work serves as a first step in determining which particular representations and competences, as well as which kinds of knowledge or skill, can be derived from particular learning techniques and data. In particular, we explore which kinds of cognitive capacities can be enabled by statistical analysis of large-scale linguistic data. Critically, our findings suggest that machines may need more than large-scale language and image data to allow the kinds of innovation that a small child can produce.
The stacking concept: cannulated screws for extra-articular metacarpal base fracture of the thumb
Authors: del Piñal Francisco , Williams Daniel C. , Rúas Jaime S. , Lim Jin Xi , Studer Alexis
Published: October 2023

An alternative technique to treat extra-articular fractures of the base of the first metacarpal with intramedullary canulated headless screws is presented. The principle is creating an internal fixator within the medullary canal by introducing multiple retrograde screws until they have jammed.
Natural history of neonatal radial nerve palsy
Authors: Orellana Kevin J. , Buttrick Eliza , Belardo Zoe E. , Schmieg Sandra , Pehnke Meagan , Shah Apurva S.
Published: October 2023

This retrospective case series analysed the presentation, risk factors, and natural history of neonatal radial nerve palsy. A total of 28 patients with a diagnosis of radial nerve palsy and aged less than 12 months at original presentation were identified at our institution. Patient demographics, relevant risk factors and physical examination findings were recorded, including active movement scale scores to track neurological recovery over time. In total, 18 patients had a history of prolonged or difficult delivery and 15 patients had skin markings consistent with fat necrosis of the posterolateral arm as anticipated from previous studies. Significant improvement was seen between active movement scale scores at the first and final visits ( p < 0.001). Of the 26 patients with active movement scale scores available at the last visit, all had neurologic resolution by the age of 9 months. Excellent outcomes and complete resolution can be expected in newborns with radial nerve palsy.

Level of evidence

IV
Total wrist arthroplasty: commentary and opinions
Authors: Smith Andrew M. , Maling Lucy C. , Williamson Mark
Published: October 2023

Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) is gaining interest as a management option for wrist arthritis. This review article summarizes the current evidence base for TWA, focusing on the performance and survivorship of fourth-generation implants. These appear to offer satisfactory patient-reported outcomes and survivorship over the medium term, but heterogeneity between implants and patient populations complicates data interpretation. We discuss issues facing TWA practice, including surgical competency, volume, implant development and stewardship. We acknowledge the need for further research on this topic and highlight a number of questions that need answering.
Biofeedback training using a hybrid assistive limb after brachial plexus injury
Authors: Kubota Shigeki , Shimizu Yukiyo , Hara Yuki , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the use of an upper limb hybrid assistive limb for elbow flexion biofeedback training in recovery from brachial plexus injury in both the postoperative and chronic phases. No adverse events were observed in any patient.

Level of evidence: IV
Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Flexor Hallucis Longus to Treat Checkrein Deformity
Authors: Mudarra García Jesús , Saus Milán Natalia , Blasco Mollá María Carmen , Forriol Brocal Francisco , Martin-Gorgojo Victor
Published: October 2023

Checkrein deformity is a rare entity that results in alteration of the normal flexion and extension of the hallux, caused by a retraction or adhesion of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) in its tendinous or muscular portion. It is usually caused by the sequelae of ankle and tibia fractures, such as adhesions and neuropathies, and often undiagnosed compartment syndromes. Its treatment is mainly surgical, and different techniques of release or lengthening of the FHL have been described. We present the clinical case of a 61-year-old patient treated by a simple arthroscopic tenotomy of the FHL at the retromalleolar level of the ankle, with complete functional recovery and absence of recurrence after 2 years of evolution. We recommend that this procedure should be considered for this pathology due to its technical simplicity, low iatrogenicity, early recovery, and theoretical absence of recurrence.

Level of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion, case report
Exploring the impact of national culture on the development of open government data: A cross-cultural analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Khan Farhan , Wang Xiaoguang , Tang Changle
Published: October 2023

The development of open government data has attracted interest from academics and practitioners. However, only a few studies have examined a culture-based account of open government data development. This study empirically investigates the impact of national culture on open government data. Through the data investigation and analysis of 55 countries, this research finds that the development of open government data is positively linked with national culture with respect to individualism, indulgence and long-term orientation and is negatively related to power distance. Furthermore, this study shows that economic development moderates the relationship between national culture and open government data development, especially with respect to individualism and long-term orientation. Practically, the findings of this research can help policymakers better understand the multifaceted impacts of national culture on the development of open government data, including the promotion of cultural values (i.e. high individualism, high indulgence, and high long-term orientation) and the change in the passive and conservative attitude of citizens toward the openness of government data in countries where power distance culture is high.
Investigation of factors associated with mental health during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea based on machine learning algorithms: A cohort study
Authors: Choi Junggu , Han Sanghoon
Published: October 2023

Objective

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is among the most critical public health problems worldwide in the last three years. We tried to investigate changes in factors between pre- and early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The data of 457,309 participants from the 2019 and 2020 Community Health Survey were examined. Four mental health-related variables were selected for examination as a dependent variable (patient health questionnaire-9, depression, stress, and sleep time). Other variables without the aforementioned four variables were split into three groups based on the coefficient values of lasso and ridge regression models. The importance of each variable was calculated and compared using feature importance values obtained from three machine learning algorithms.

Results

Psychiatric and sociodemographic variables were identified, both during the pre- and early pandemic periods. In contrast, during the early pandemic period, average sleep time variables ranked the highest with the dependent variables regarding the experience of depression. The difference in sleep time before and after the pandemic was validated by the results of paired t-tests, which were statistically significant ( p-value < 0.05).

Conclusions

Changes in the importance of mental health factors in the early pandemic period in South Korea were identified. For each mental health-dependent variable, average sleep time, experience of depression, and experience of accidents or addictions were found to be the most important factors. House type and type of residence were also found in regions with larger populations and a higher number of confirmed cases.
Motivations for Proactive and Reactive Trolling on Social Media: Developing and Validating a Four-Factor Model
Authors: Mao Yuanyi , Xu Tianyi , Kim Ki Joon
Published: October 2023

This study proposed a novel typology that categorized online trolling into proactive and reactive types and conducted two studies employing qualitative and quantitative approaches to better understand the motivations behind these two types of trolling. Study 1 surveyed participants who had engaged in trolling ( N = 90) and identified four motivations for online trolling through an inductive qualitative analysis: revenge, maintaining social justice, rebutting for disagreement, and thrill-seeking. Study 2 developed scales to measure the four trolling motivations and validated them through another survey of participants who had engaged in trolling ( N = 455). The quantitative results supported the four-factor motivation of trolling and the proactive–reactive trolling scale. Structural equation modeling revealed that thrill-seeking and rebutting for disagreement were positively associated with proactive trolling, whereas revenge and maintaining social justice were positively associated with reactive trolling. These findings contribute to establishing theoretical connections between varying motivations and the two types of trolling behaviors and serve as practical guidelines for developing tailored strategies to reduce and regulate online trolling.
The Role of Institutional Practice in Promoting Inclusive Education for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Alsalem Majed A. , Alzahrani Hana A.
Published: October 2023

This study conducted a critical analysis of the role of institutional practice in promoting inclusive education for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students in Saudi Arabian schools. Considering disabilities based on multiple models and theories enhances understanding and helps develop accessible educational settings. To successfully implement inclusive education, this study conducted a rigorous qualitative analysis with a focus group with eleven participants, including teachers of DHH students, general education teachers, principals, supervisors, and parents of DHH students. Content analysis of participants’ responses was conducted to identify major themes and subthemes. The results revealed providing appropriate educational environment as the major theme, and comprehensive environmental, support services, individualized education programs, general education teachers, and role of parents as sub-themes. Moreover, the findings emphasized the role of inclusive education regulations through interpretations of existing laws and expansion of prevention policy and practice.
Strengthening Indonesia’s Regional Representative Council Through Judicial Review by the Constitutional Court
Authors: Faiz Pan Mohamad , Isra Saldi , Agustine Oly Viana
Published: October 2023

Indonesia’s Regional Representative Council, the second chamber in the nation’s legislative system, has been criticized as insignificant because its role in law-making is unequal to that of the more powerful House of Representatives. Various efforts have been made to remedy the situation, including the submission of judicial reviews before the Constitutional Court. This article analyzes whether judicial review has succeeded in enhancing the role and powers of the Council. Using an evidence-based research approach, it examines the extent to which decisions made by the Constitutional Court have improved the Council’s powers. Application of this analysis offers the potential to broaden understanding of the development of the Council and its efforts to strengthen its powers.
Sustainable Exchange and Cooperation Process in Exhibition and Convention: Applications for the Korean Peninsula From the Leipzig Trade Fair in Germany
Authors: Park Chang Won , Lee Ji-Yeon , Kim Bong-Seok
Published: October 2023

This study aims to examine the exchange and cooperation process by applying the role and possibility of exhibitions and conventions to the Korean Peninsula as a means of fostering exchange and cooperation in divided countries. To this end, we examine the case of the Leipzig Trade Fair in Germany, an advanced country in the exhibition and convention industry that has successfully navigated its own division. The study reveals that in the case of East-West Germany, the trade fair continued to be held for different purposes. However, in the end, it served as a space where political and economic contacts took place, functioning as an essential conduit for human and material traffic and communication. Additionally, it played an important role in adjusting and alleviating existing conflict structures. The hosting of exhibitions and conventions, which facilitates interactions among people, becomes a critical starting point for inter-Korean exchange and cooperation, serving the purpose of creating economic benefits by promoting trade and transaction. These economic benefits lay the foundation for mutual trust and growth, mitigating conflicts and fostering a process of exchange and cooperation in exhibitions and conventions that ultimately leads to peaceful inter-Korean relations.
Exploring the Association between Trust in Healthcare Entities and Exposure to Emerging Health Misinformation in Nebraska: A Pilot Study
Authors: Arambul Natalie , Sraboni Syeda , Chukwunweike Josephine , Olagoke Ayokunle
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

This pilot study investigated the association between trust in healthcare entities and exposure to emerging health misinformation in rural Nebraska. Methods: We surveyed 42 residents of Nebraska to assess their trust in healthcare entities (i.e., the healthcare system, clinicians, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and local health departments) and their exposure to emerging health misinformation. Results: Most participants with decreased trust in healthcare entities also reported exposure to health misinformation in the last week. Specifically, 62.5% of participants who reported decreased trust in the healthcare system, 75% in the CDC, 83.3% in the FDA, and 62.5% in the local health department also reported exposure to at least misinformation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that trust is a crucial human factor and is critical in exposure to health misinformation. This highlights the need to prioritize effective communication strategies to build trust.
Team Skill Metrics that Span Human-Human and Human-Agent Teams: An Initial Assessment
Authors: Dorneich Michael C. , Gilbert Stephen , Francis Rick F. , Talyat Mitchell , Didic Elmin
Published: October 2023

Team skill metrics were operationalized by translating team constructs to metrics based on observable behaviors. As human coordination with autonomous agents turns to collaboration, humans may increasingly view agents as teammates. This transition will require agents to possess team skills and necessitate appropriate metrics for measuring team skills across human-agent and human-human teams. Thirty-eight teaming metrics were developed across five stages of teaming: preparation, execution, evaluation, adjustment, and team chemistry. Behaviors from 78 multiplayer gameplay videos were coded to establish which metrics could be measured via observable behaviors. An exploratory assessment demonstrated that the metrics captured teaming differences in team composition (human-human teams vs. human-agent teams) and three levels of team expertise. Results suggest that these team skill metrics could aid agent designers in anticipating the team dynamics of humans working with their agents.
Compensation, Land Acquisition and Employment Issues Among Displaced People: A Study on Two Dam Projects in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Aryan Sudesh Kumar
Published: October 2023

This study is based on the empirical work carried out in the state of Jammu and Kashmir where the people are forcibly displaced from their ancestral homeland due to dam projects. The objective of the study is to examine the issues of compensation, land acquisition and employment among the displaced people which they faced after displacement. For conducting the research, the study was used as a sampling method particularly purposive and snowball technique with the help of semi-structure interview schedule. It has been observed that after involuntary displacement, the displaced people face lots of challenges with regards to their compensation and employment problems. The respective state government has given only monetary compensation to the displaced families according to the Land Acquisition Act, 1984.
Hematologic Abnormalities After COVID-19 Infection: A Case of Coombs-Negative Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Siegenthaler Alanna Glidden , Ghelani Ghanshyam , Brady Amy , Loon Taylor , Madhira Bhaskara Reddy
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of hemolytic anemia in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection has been documented in medical literature. While relatively uncommon, there have been instances where this condition presents as a Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia. In this research study, we report a distinctive case of Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with a known history of COVID-19 infection. The patient demonstrated a favorable response to treatment involving the administration of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. This case adds to the existing body of evidence regarding the hematological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the importance of considering and managing hematological complications in patients with COVID-19.
Biomechanical Comparison of 1.2-mm Suture Tape, 2.0-mm Suture Tape, and 0.5-mm Suture Using Various Arthroscopic Knot Techniques
Authors: Baek Samuel , Shin Myung Ho , Kim Tae-Min , Kim Seok , Lee Geum-Ho , Oh Kyung-Soo , Chung Seok Won
Published: October 2023

Background:

The biomechanical properties of the 1.2-mm suture tape have outperformed conventional sutures in previous studies.

Purpose:

To compare the loop and knot security of 2 tape-type and 1 cord-type sutures using different arthroscopic knot techniques.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The biomechanical characteristics of the 1.2-mm tape, 2.0-mm tape, and 0.5-mm No. 2 suture were compared using 4 different knot types: 2 sliding knots (Samsung Medical Center [SMC] and Tennessee) and 2 nonsliding knots (2-throw surgeon’s and 2-throw square) with 2 and 3 additional reverse half-hitches on alternating posts (RHAPs) in a closed-loop system on a materials testing device. Each configuration was tested for loop security (maximal load applied between 0 and 3 mm of displacement), knot security (ultimate failure load), and failure mode with cyclical loading (30 N load for 20 cycles at 1 cycle per sec until failure). Loop and knot security among the configurations were compared using an analysis of variance.

Results:

With 2 RHAPs, the 2.0-mm tape showed significantly greater loop security than the 1.2-mm tape and suture ( P = .001). With 3 RHAPs, the loop security of the suture was significantly superior compared with the 1.2-mm tape ( P = .010). Regarding knot security, with 2 RHAPs, the 2.0-mm tape was significantly better than the 1.2-mm tape and suture ( P < .001), while with 3 RHAPs, the suture was significantly superior to the 1.2-mm tape ( P = .012). Using a square knot with 2 RHAPs, the 2.0-mm tape had significantly greater loop security ( P = .001) and better knot security ( P = .001) to the 1.2-mm tape and suture. Using the Tennessee knot with 2 RHAPs, the 1.2-mm tape had less loop security ( P = .011) and knot security ( P = .005) than the suture. Using the SMC knot with 3 RHAPs, the 2.0-mm tape and suture were significantly superior in loop security ( P = .001) and knot security ( P < .001) to the 1.2-mm tape. There was no significant difference in the failure mode between tapes and sutures with 2 and 3 RHAPs.

Conclusion:

With 2 RHAPs, the 2.0-mm tape demonstrated greater resistance to suture loop displacement and better knot security compared with the 1.2-mm tape and suture. However, with 3 RHAPs, the 1.2-mm tape manifested weaker loop and knot security compared with the suture.