bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: NYARADI Imre I. , MOLNAR Katalin , BIRO-JANKA Bela , ZSIGMOND Andrea R. , FODORPATAKI Laszlo
Published: December 2024

Seeds of industrial hemp have high nutritional and healthcare value, which can be further improved by proper cultivation methods. Biochemical properties of hemp seeds that are beneficial for human use can be modulated through variation of the molar ratio between the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supplied with the nutrient medium, as well as by creating a moderate water deficit during controlled irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two N:P ratios (i.e. 8 mM nitrogen as nitrate to 2 mM phosphorus as phosphate, and 3 mM nitrogen to 6 mM phosphorus), combined with two water supply regimes (sufficient and insufficient) on vegetative growth parameters, seed production, seed oil, protein, vitamin E, iron, zinc and manganese content of two industrial hemp cultivars (‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’). The experiments were performed in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions. Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants. The oil content of seeds could be increased by a lower N:P ratio and by water deficit, while seed protein content was higher upon a higher N:P ratio and upon water shortage, for both cultivars. The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil was found when plants were subjected to the combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiency. The iron content of seeds showed no changes between the different experimental variants. In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower, while the highest manganese content was measured when plants received sufficient water and lowered N:P ratio. As for the ‘Zenit’ variety, the highest zinc and manganese content of seeds was obtained when plants received through the nutrient solution 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate (i.e. the N:P ratio was 4:1). The findings may contribute to optimization of hemp cultivation, in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach, for the purpose of production of higher quality seeds for human and animal consumption, as well as for the cosmetic industry.
Accumulation of capsaicin in two chili pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.) at different stages of fruit maturity
Authors: EGYED Emese , STOIAN-DOD Roxana L. , APAHIDEAN Alexandru-Ioan , GÁL Emese , RÓZSA Sandor , GOCAN Tincuța M. , MĂNIUȚIU Dănuț-Nicolae
Published: December 2024

Chili peppers are appreciated and consumed especially for their sensorial attributes, but also because of their rich content in bioactive compounds. Capsaicin is one of the most important compounds found in peppers that gives them their spicy heat profile. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the optimal harvesting time of hot peppers with the highest content in capsaicin. The capsaicin content of chili peppers depends on several factors, including the variety of pepper, growing conditions, and cultivation method. Capsaicin is mainly concentrated in the internal membranes of the pepper, where the seeds are also found. These biochemicals are used mostly in food industry, but anti-cancer effects have also been reported. To determine the capsaicin content, gas chromatographic analysis of volatile compounds was performed in both young and adult plants. ‘Hyffae F1’ and ‘Paprika giallo’ hot pepper hybrids grown in greenhouse conditions weew subjected to both chemical and organic cultivation treatments and two planting densities. The results obtained, showed that the capsaicin content varied between 12.11 and 39.01%. The highest quantity was recorded in ‘Paprika giallo’ under the influence of chemical treatments with the fruits were harvested at physiological maturity. The results also revealed that variations in capsaicin contents were rather influenced by harvesting time than the cultivar.
Elemental composition of Rosa L. fruits: Optimization and validation procedure of an ICP AES method
Authors: MILENKOVIĆ Katarina , MRMOŠANIN Jelena , PETROVIĆ Stefan , MITOV Denis , ZLATKOVIĆ Bojan , MUTIĆ Jelena , KOSTIĆ Darko , TOŠIĆ Snežana , PAVLOVIĆ Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine element profile of the rose species originating from Serbia. With respect to that, 52 fruit samples of six wild Rosa L. species (R. agrestis Savi, R. canina L., R. corymbifera Borkh., R. dumalis Bechst, R. myriacantha DC., and R. spinosissima L.) were assayed for element contents, after the optimization and validation of the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric (ICP AES) method. The analytical performance of axial and radial views was evaluated using the Mg(II)/Mg(I) line ratio. Robust plasma conditions were achieved at the radio frequency (RF) power of 1150 W and nebulization gas flow (NBF) rate of 0.5 L min-1. The matrix effect was below 13% and the recovery, using certified reference material (LGC7162 strawberry leaves), was between 85.7% and 109% with the exception of Fe (76.4%). Rosa fruits were found to be richer in minerals such as K (4710-9850 mg kg-1), Ca (2650-5140 mg kg-1), P (532-1610 mg kg-1), Mg (402-1000 mg kg-1), Na (11.2-39.1 mg kg-1), Mn (6.8-64 mg kg-1), Fe (9.9-30 mg kg-1), and Zn (6.03-17.5 mg kg-1). Also, the fruits were found to have a higher content of Si (15.2-51.6 mg kg-1). Regarding toxic elements, the obtained results for Pb (0.035-0.0121 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.0027-0.0492 mg kg-1) are in accordance with the maximum levels in fruits established set by the Commission Regulation. The results of the present study indicate that the investigated Rosa species contain various minerals and could contribute to the daily dietary requirements for K, Ca, Mg, P, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe, as well as be used in food and the food additive industry.
Establishing the intensity of interventions in young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands based on a spline regression mathematical model
Authors: CRAINIC Ghiţă C. , CURILĂ Mircea , CURILĂ Sorin , ONEŢ Cristian , SUPURAN Anamaria , BICA Alexandru M. , ŞERBAN Eugenia , CIOFLAN Flavia M. , IRIMIE Flavius
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to establish the optimal intensity of interventions in young beech stands. The study was carried out in the north-western part of Romania, in Zalău Forest District, Răstolţ Production Unit. Statistical-mathematical inventories were carried out on circular sample plots of 300 m2, adopting a coverage probability of p = 90% and a tolerance of t = 10%. The number of sample plots was established according to the area of the stand S(ha), volume variation coefficient sv(%), p(%) and t(%). The optimal intensity of interventions is determined by using the average diameter of crowns on each stand. The average diameter of crown was determined for the stands under study based on a spline regression mathematical model which represents the main objective of the current study. The stands, wherein no forest interventions have been applied, have a relatively high stocking and a relatively small spacing. Consequently, the intensity of selective combined thinning must be weak to moderate, and the periodicity shorter of 4-5 years. Another objective of the present paper is the determination of the allometric relationships between the diameter of the crowns and the heights of trees, in three young beech stands with or without any forest interventions, specific to the stage of development. From the analysis of experimental data, it turned out that the most suitable law of dependence is the linear regression, with a positive slope, representing the allometric relationship between the diameter of the crowns and the height of trees.
Phytopharmacological profile, nutritional value and amaranthine content of Amaranthus and their significance in medicine
Authors: STEVANOVIĆ Aleksandar , POPOVIĆ Vera M. , FILIPOVIĆ Aleksandar , BOŠKOVIĆ Jelena Z. , PEŠIĆ Vladan , MARINKOVIĆ Tatjana , STOJIĆEVIĆ Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the phytopharmacological properties and nutritional values in the protein and amino acid content of leaves and flowers in different species of the genus Amaranthus L., namely A. molleros, A. caudatus, A. mantegazzianus, and A. cruentus. The content of amarantin, total content of low molecular weight soluble antioxidants (CCA), phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid content in the mentioned species of amaranth were also determined. The studied six genotypes of amaranth belong to the collection of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Amaranth is known to be an excellent food crop due to the high nutritional value of its seeds and leaves and it is excellent phyto-medicinal crop, as its inflorescences and leaves can be used as sources of antioxidants, and its seeds for producing gluten free health-safe products. In leaves, the lysine content ranged from 3.9% (A. caudatus) to 7.0% (A. cruentus; A. molleros), and in flowers from 4.2% (A. caudatus) to 7.4% (A. cruentus -G8) while the amaranth content varied (1.2-2.2%), antioxidants (CCA 1.6-3.5%), and ascorbic acid content (150-200%). Amaranth has the ability to improve the functionality of the immune system, enabling an outstanding balance of amino acid composition, as well as the ratio of lysine to arginine. Antioxidants, amaranth and ascorbic acid content significantly contributes to the ability to improve the functionality of the human immune system. Duodenal peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori can be treated with amaranth oil.
Unveiling the nutritional value: Phytochemical profiling of Greek Rosa canina L. germplasm across ripening stages and fertilization treatment
Authors: GRIGORIADOU Katerina , TANOU Georgia , KOULARMANIS Konstantinos , POLYCHRONIADOU Chrysanthi , PAPANASTASI Katerina , STAVROPOULOS Georgios , MALOUPA Eleni
Published: December 2024

Rosa canina L. is among the woody species which thrive through diverse habitats and is distinguished for its high nutritional value. In recent years R. canina L. has raised awareness due to its high demand in cosmetology and pharmacology. This study focuses on the results of a three-year experimental site including four R. canina L. genotypes treated with two fertilization regimes (conventional, organic) and harvested under four ripening stages.  Τhe results indicate the most suitable period for harvesting the rosehip fruit in terms of ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds. This study recommends the first two ripening stages in order to achieve the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (4.53 mg g-1 F.W.). The last ripening stage came across as being the most appropriate stage for the highest total phenolic content (31.2 mg GAE g-1 FW) and in the meantime, this study highlights that the distinct ripening stages do not fluctuate the levels of total antioxidant capacity. Overall, the current study tries to identify the nutritional potential of domesticated R. canina L. and specify which of the ripening stages and fertilization regimes maximize its post-harvest value.
Comparison of Turkish Science Curricula and British Science Curriculum in Terms of Environmental Education
Authors: Akçay Süleyman
Published: December 2024

A common and important problem that threatens all humanity today is environmental problems. A comprehensive effort is indispensable for the permanent solution of environmental problems. Again, in this process, it is important for all countries and societies to work simultaneously and collaboratively. However, perhaps qualified environmental education is a must in this process. In this context, all curricula around the world, especially science curricula, are rapidly being enriched in terms of environmental education. The purpose of this study is to compare Turkish and British science curricula in terms of environmental education. In this context, the science curricula of the two countries at primary and secondary school levels (3rd-8th grades) were compared in the context of environmental education. Turkey's 2018 and 2024 curricula were used in the study. The study generally falls into the document analysis method. In particular, it falls into the category of content analysis. In this research, British and Turkish science curricula were compared in three categories. First, the frequency of use of environmentally related keywords in the curriculum was examined. Secondly, the numbers and contents of environmentally related acquisitions were compared. Finally, it was examined whether there were independent courses on environmental education. As a result, Turkish science curriculum stands out in terms of the frequency of use of environmental concepts. Again, in terms of the number of environmental acquisitions, the 2018 Turkish science curriculum includes more acquisitions. However, in terms of the distribution and content of the acquisitions, the English science curriculum is more harmonious, meaningful and effective. In addition, the Turkish 2024 curriculum mentions the course "environmental education and climate change". However, there is no information about the content of the course. Within the framework of the research findings, it would be beneficial to enrich the Turkish science curriculum in terms of effective acquisitions for environmental education. Finally, it can be suggested that the Turkish science curriculum be enriched in terms of the protection of natural resources.
Contemporary industrial policy and challenges to South America and Brazil
Authors: MEDEIROS CARLOS AGUIAR DE , MAJEROWICZ ESTHER
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT We seek to identify the major vectors reconfiguring contemporary industrial policy in the US and the European Union to inform policymaking in South America and Brazil given their specific challenges to economic development. We stress two main vectors, national security and environmental concerns, which have unleashed a tendency toward the nationalization or regionalization of supply chains through import substitution. They have also been grounding industrial policy on comprehensive planning embracing several sectors and activities. The essential question for South America and Brazil is to combine these concerns departing from a reality underpinned by deindustrialization, environmental degradation (deforestation), and social marginalization.
Putnam, Sen e Smith: Uma reflexão crítica sobre a Teoria Econômica Neoclássica
Authors: LIMA LUIZ ANTONIO DE OLIVEIRA
Published: December 2024

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo mostrar a fragilidade das bases epistemológicas da atual teoria econômica convencional especialmente na sua visão neoclássica. Tal crítica está baseada na visão do economista indiano Amartya Sen e nos fundamentos e objetivo da “Wealth of Nations” de Adam Smith, bem como na obra do filósofo e lógico W. V. Quine e do lógico H. Putnam. Pretende-se também sugerir um paradigma alternativo de análise baseado em P. Sraffa e John Von Neuman.
Use of text messages to promote medication adherence and reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension: the ESSENCE study
Authors: Canguçu Erlan , Castro Priscila Ribeiro , Moreira Pablo Maciel , Bandeira Paola , Almeida Kleiton , Santos Pablo Moura , Oliveira Marcio Galvão
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The ESSENCE study evaluated the effect of sending text messages with and without reminders of the time of medication use on adherence to medication treatment and the reduction of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This was a randomized, crossover, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial, which included patients aged 30-69 years, followed up at a community pharmacy. Messages were automatically sent using a software and were received on the participants’ smartphones. Group 1 included patients who received health information via text messages regarding antihypertensive medications and hypertension control for 90 days, whereas group 2 included those who received information messages along with reminder messages at the time of each drug dose for 90 days. After a 30-day washout period, the groups were switched and received interventions for another 90 days. The 157 evaluated individuals had a mean age of 52 (±8.8) years, and most were female (76.4%). No significant difference was found in intra- and inter-group self-reported adherence in the pre- and post-crossover periods. A significant reduction was found in the pre-crossover period in both groups rather than between the groups for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. At the end of the study, group 1 had a significantly lower mean blood pressure than group 2. However, we could not differentiate which intervention was more effective in terms of outcomes, thus presenting an equivalent effect between the two interventions. These results suggest the possibility of implementing message transmission in health services.
Assessment of detraining through a six-minute walk test in patients with heart disease
Authors: Silva Victória Moreira , Cintra Vitória Moreira , Silva Maria de Lourdes da , Meneguci Joilson , Silva Fernando Seiji , Carvalho Eduardo Elias Vieira de , Espindula Ana Paula , Silva Lucina Duarte Novais
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Detraining can partially or completely reduce training-induced metabolic adaptations. However, the duration for which the rehabilitation effects persist after detraining, especially in patients with heart disease, remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the principle of reversibility/detraining in patients with heart disease via the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) after a period of rest. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective cohort study developed at the Rehabilitation Center of the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro in Uberaba/MG, Brazil. METHODS: This clinical, retrospective longitudinal study involved 20 patients with heart disease who underwent 5 months of supervised cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The mean age of participants was 64.05 ± 9.25 years. The initial rehabilitation was followed by an interruption period and rehabilitation for another 5 months. Functional capacity was assessed using the 6MWT. RESULTS: In the specific analysis of the distance covered, values of P = 0.03 and P = 0.01 were obtained on comparing post-training (669.64 ± 58.80 meters) with post-detraining (640.82 ± 101.23 meters) and post-detraining with post-retraining (650.82 ± 96.28 meters), respectively. No significant difference was observed for the comparison between training and retraining (P = 0.83). CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular rehabilitation positively stimulates functional capacity, whereas detraining significantly reduces it. The 6MWT is effective in measuring changes in physical capacity.
Chitosan Woven Meshes for Use as Biomaterial: From the Wet Spinning Process and Filament Obtention to Mesh Properties
Authors: Silva Henrique Nunes da , Silva Milena Costa da , Barbosa Francivandi Coelho , Cardoso Henrique Pereira , Pina Hermano de Vasconcelos , Silva Suédina Maria de Lima , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to obtain wet-spun chitosan (CS) filaments with mechanical properties suitable for the biomaterial weaving process, in addition to evaluating the physical-mechanical and biological behavior of the CS woven meshes obtained. CS filament coagulation rate, drying methodology, and morphology were evaluated. The filament coagulation reaction was completed in 65 seconds, with a logarithmic profile, in compliance with Fick's second law. The proposed drying methodology does not cause dehydration of the chitosan saccharide rings and the stretching condition during drying modified the crystallinity index, mechanical properties, morphology, and diameter of CS filaments. The mechanical, morphological, and biological behaviors of CS woven meshes were investigated. Were observed a uniform pore size, mechanical properties in the wet state similar to those of the human dermis, controlled swelling degree, and degradation of 80% in phosphate buffered saline/lysozyme medium under 5 weeks. In addition, the CS woven meshes were not cytotoxic to L929 Mouse Fibroblast Cell Line, being promising for use as biomaterials.
A Historical Analysis of Corrosion and Protection of Campos Basin Subsea Production System
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Schultz da , Oliveira Jefferson Rodrigues , Brasil Simone Louise Delarue Cesar , Carvalho Ladimir Jose de , Gomes José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano , Kassab Elisa , Gomes Antônio Pedro Andrade da Cunha Ponciano , Souza Eduardo Alencar de , Trindade Matheus Porto , Bueno Alysson Helton Santos , Miranda Luiz Roberto Martins de
Published: December 2024

The production systems in Campos Basin date back more than 40 years, and throughout these decades, the search for oil and gas guided operators to investigate and produce from shallow waters to ultra-deep waters. The use of normative and mandatory cathodic protection criteria, in accordance with international standards (≤ -800 mVAg/AgCl) prevents corrosion and maintains structural subsea integrity systems. According to the Brazilian Safety Management of Operational Submarine Systems (SGSS) regulation, monitored by the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP), noncompliance with the criteria requires operators to recover the electrochemical protection potential. A historical analysis of the electrochemical potentials and inspections obtained by Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) showed the preserved state of equipment integrity, even when the protection criteria were out of range. In addition to analysis and technical reports, laboratory tests, thermodynamic simulation, and a literature review have revealed the possibility of normative criteria flexibility. This result could allow operators to significantly reduce the number of underwater interventions as well as reduce the environmental impact by reducing CO2 emissions.
Presence of Cryptosporidium spp and other enteroparasites with pathogenic potential in hemodialysis patients: an open controlled study
Authors: Adami Yara Leite , Gama Nycole Abreu , Cunha Flavia de Souza , Peralta Regina Helena Saramago , Lugon Jocemir Ronaldo
Published: December 2024

Abstract Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that infection by enteroparasites can affect ~3.5 billion people around the world. Hemodialysis (HD) patients may be more susceptible to infections by opportunistic pathogens due to impaired immune function. We evaluated enteroparasite infection in a sample of HD-patients from two dialysis centers and in a control group. Methods: Fecal samples were processed using the Hoffmann-Pons-Janner, Ritchie, Willis, and Rugai techniques. Patients with kidney failure from two dialysis centers undergoing HD for more than 3 months were included. The control group consisted of relatives of the patients without overt CKD. The TaqMan PCR and multiplex real-time PCR were carried out for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and C. parvum and to differentiate the Entamoeba (E.) histolytica/E. dispar complex, respectively Results: A total of 97 HD patients and 42 controls were enrolled in the study. Fifty (51.5%) fecal samples from the HD group were positive for enteroparasites, as were 26 (61.9%) from the control group (P = 0.260). S. stercoralis was the single helminth detected and was only present in HD-patients. Coproscopy detected seven positive samples for the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex, three from HD patients and four from controls: by PCR, all samples were positive for the non-pathogenic E. dispar. Safranin-stained fecal smear slides were all negative for Cryptosporidium spp. However, by PCR, amplification for Crypstosporidium spp. was seen in six samples, all from the HD patients. Two of the species were classified as C. hominis by PCR-RFLP Conclusions: Enteroparasite infection as detected by traditional techniques were not more prevalent in HD patients, but S. stercoralis was only found in these patients. It is noteworthy that Cryptosporidium spp. infection, also affecting only HD patients, could only be detected by molecular biology techniques.
Registro DOMINÓ: protocolo do estudo da DOença MINeral e Óssea da doença renal crônica em pediatria no Brasil
Authors: Soeiro Emília Maria Dantas , Penido Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães , Sylvestre Lucimary de Castro , Andrade Maria Cristina , Alcantara Suzana Aparecida Greggi de , Machado Ivan Coelho , Bedram Leonardo Gonçalves , Abreu Ana Lucia Santos
Published: December 2024

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes pediátricos com doença renal crônica (DRC) evoluem com distúrbios minerais e ósseos (DMO). Não dispomos de dados brasileiros que avaliem esses desfechos; que podem ser obtidos por meio de registros epidemiológicos. Objetivo: Apresentar o projeto DOMINÓ, cuja proposta é descrever as características da DMO-DRC em pacientes pediátricos brasileiros. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva e prospectiva, multicêntrica, observacional. O estudo retrospectivo analisará os dados dos pacientes prevalentes em 2024 e o prospectivo, os dados a partir de 2025. Serão coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais, de imagem e da biópsia óssea de pacientes pediátricos com DMO-DRC < 18 anos com DRC estágios 3-5D e dos transplantados renais. Os Comitês de Ética dos centros participantes aprovaram o estudo. Discussão/conclusão: O estudo DOMINÓ permitirá conhecer a incidência, prevalência, morbidade, resultados dos tratamentos e mortalidade dessa doença pediátrica no Brasil. Análises futuras permitirão identificar preditores de resposta ao tratamento e melhorar os cuidados com esses pacientes.
Peritoneal histopathological changes and cultures after autogenous fecal peritonitis induced in elderly rat model: response to intravenous use of meropenem and intra-abdominal inoculation of 10% aqueous extract of Schinus Terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Carlos Alberto , Castro Celia Maria Machado Barbosa , Mascena Guilherme Veras , Maior Gustavo Ithamar Souto , Oliveira Tharcia Kiara Beserra , Marquis Valéria Wanderley Pinto Brandão , Brandt Carlos Teixeira
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the peritoneal histopathological changes and culture after the use of intravenous meropenem and intra-abdominal inoculation of 10% aqueous extract of anacardiaceae, in elderly rat model after autogenous fecal peritonitis induced. Methods: Thirty 18-month-old Wistar rats received induction of autogenous fecal peritonitis and then were stratified into two groups: study I, treated with meropenem (40 mg/kg); and study II, treated with meropenem (40 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal 10% aqueous extract of anacardiaceae. Animals were monitored for 15 days until euthanasia. Peritoneal fragments were collected for histopathological and culture. The study was approved by Ethics Committee. Results: None study-II animals died, while in study I, one died before euthanasia. In study II, 20% of the animals showed histopathological changes, none positive peritoneal culture, but one blood culture was positive (10%). In study I, 50% of the animals presented histopathological changes, 40% positive peritoneal cultures, and 50% positive blood cultures. All results when evaluated in the morbidity score showed better outcome for study-II group (p = 0,175). Conclusion: The use of meropenem associated with intraperitoneal 10% aqueous anacardiaceae extract after induction of autogenous fecal peritonitis in elderly rats showed better outcome in the set of histopathological changes, negative peritoneal and blood cultures, when compared with the use of meropenem isolated.
ASSOCIATION OF “METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC PANCREAS DISEASE” (MASPD) AND INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: ANDRADE Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , OLIVEIRA Gabriela Correia Matos de , BITTENCOURT Alcina Maria Vinhaes , BAPTISTA Gustavo Magno , SILVA Catharina Peixoto , OLIVEIRA Luís Matos de
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Background: To investigate the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic pancreas disease (MASPD) and insulin resistance (IR). Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 157 participants diagnosed with MASPD based on ultrasonography criteria. Baseline demographic data were collected, including age, gender, and body mass index. Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile (including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), glycated hemoglobin and insulin were measured using standardized laboratory techniques. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on all participants using convex transducer (frequency range, 3,5 MHz) by experienced radiologist blinded to the clinical data. The association between MASPD and IR was assessed using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical significance was set at a P-value <0.05. Results: The logistic regression analysis was performed to verify whether MASPD was a risk factor for IR. After adjusting for gender and age, the results demonstrate a significant correlation between MASPD and markers of IR. TyG index: OR (95%IC) 5.72 (1.90-16.00), P 0.021, and HOMA -IR: OR (95%IC) 6.20 (2.1-22.00) P 0.037. Conclusion: This study presents a description of MASPD and its association with IR indices. Our findings demonstrate a significant correlation between MASPD and markers of IR. These results suggest that MASPD may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and further highlight the importance of pancreatic health in metabolic disorders.
Morphological and histopathological description of Calyptospora sp. parasitism in Cichla monoculus Spix, 1929 (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) from the lake region of Pracuúba-Amapá, Brazil
Authors: Amoras Eloiza Sarmento , Eduard Jhonata , Progene Maria do Perpétuo Socorro , Silva José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da , Videira Marcela Nunes , Sindeaux-Neto José Ledamir , Velasco Michele
Published: December 2024

Abstract The tucunaré (Cichla sp.) is an Amazonian fish that is heavily commercialized in the state of Amapá, and it can be infected by a variety of parasites, including coccidia of the genus Calyptospora, which are identified at the genus level by analyzing the structures that comprise its morphology. This study aimed to describe the morphology and histopathology of Calyptospora sp. parasitism in Cichla monoculus Spix, 1929 in the Municipality of Pracuúba, Amapá, Brazil. Nine specimens were acquired from the Lake Sacaizal by artisanal fishermen and transported in isothermal boxes to the Integrated Morpho-molecular and Technologies Laboratory (LIMT) of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon in Belém, Pará, where they were necropsied. Fragments of the liver were removed to visualize cysts using light microscopy and processed for scanning electron microscopy and histology analyses. The analysis revealed that 66.6% of the fish examined had clusters of oocysts in the hepatic region, resulting in the formation of melanomacrophagic centers. The oocysts were sphere-like, with a diameter of 21 µm. They contained four pyriform sporocysts, 8.7 µm long and 4.9 µm wide, with sporopods in the posterior region.
Cymbopogon citratus showing nematicidal activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri
Authors: Campos Viviane Souza , Rocha Letícia Oliveira da , Leandro Hassan Jerdy , Pontes Teresa , Oliveira Fábio Conceição de , Carvalho Eulógio Carlos Queiroz de , Glória Leonardo Siqueira , Santos Clóvis de Paula
Published: December 2024

Abstract This paper describes a novel in vivo study of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) to assess its anthelmintic activity. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were separated into three groups: G1: uninfected; G2: negative control infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri and administered with 3% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and G3: infected with H. polygyrus bakeri and treated with C. citratus aqueous extract (50mg/kg). The extract and H. polygyrus bakeri were administered via gavage and the anatomo-histopathological evaluation of the animals took place after necropsy and organ removal. In addition, the number of eggs per gram of feces (epg) and of adult parasites in the small intestine of each animal, as well as blood cell counts, were assessed. The in vivo assay revealed a reduction in the epg (54%), number of adult nematodes (89%), number of eosinophils, and intestinal lesions in mice treated with C. citratus. These results suggest that the crude aqueous extract of C. citratus at the dose evaluated here has anthelmintic and possibly anti-inflammatory properties, given its effectiveness against gastrointestinal H. polygyrus bakeri nematodes and the recovery of damaged tissues. Therefore, this plant shows potential to control gastrointestinal nematodes.
Genocídio renovado na degradação sanitária e ambiental entre os Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Yoshizaki Oda Wagner , Gasparini Max Felipe Vianna , Furtado Juarez Pereira
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição etária e mortalidade dos Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali, comparando com dados das cidades vizinhas aos seus territórios, de Minas Gerais (MG) e do Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo com informações referentes ao ano de 2022. Verificou-se a distribuição populacional por sexo e faixa etária, calculou-se a mortalidade proporcional por faixa etária, sobretaxa da mortalidade proporcional entre indígenas e não-indígenas e coeficientes de mortalidade infantil dos Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali, de não-indígenas que vivem na mesma região, além de indígenas e não-indígenas de MG e do Brasil. Resultados: 2,4% da população Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali têm mais de 60 anos. Não-indígenas nessa faixa são 17,9% nos municípios vizinhos, 17,8% em MG e 15,9% no Brasil. A mortalidade proporcional dos Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali foi de 25% em três faixas: menores de 1 ano, 20 a 49 anos e maiores de 50 anos. Para os demais grupos, a maior parte das mortes (>72,4%) ocorreu acima de 50 anos. O coeficiente de mortalidade infantil dos Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali foi de 66,7 óbitos para mil nascidos vivos, para não-indígenas dos municípios vizinhos foi de 17,5 por mil e entre indígenas de MG e do Brasil foi de 26 por mil e 26,7 por mil, respectivamente. Conclusão: A distribuição etária e mortalidade entre os Tikmũ’ũn/Maxakali é significativamente desfavorável quando comparadas a outros segmentos populacionais brasileiros, podendo comprometer sua própria existência enquanto povo. Medidas urgentes devem ser tomadas pelo Estado brasileiro para analisar e intervir nas condições sócio-sanitárias e econômicas determinantes dessa situação.
Eastern Red-Backed Salamanders: A Comprehensive Review of an Undervalued Model in Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior
Authors: Fisher-Reid M. Caitlin , Grayson Kristine L. , Grouleff Sara R. , Hair Madelyn A. , Hawley Matlaga Tanya J. , Ireland Angelina K. , Mead Louise S. , St. John Alyssa , Starr Meigan , Sterrett Sean C. , Streeter Kody N.
Published: December 2024

What makes a model organism? Identifying the qualities of a model organism has been given a great deal of attention in the biomolecular sciences, but less so in the fields of evolution, ecology, and behavior (EEB). In contrast to the biomolecular sciences, within EEB, biotic and abiotic variation are features to understand, not bugs to get rid of, and EEB scientists often select organisms to study which best suit the scientific question at hand. Successful EEB model organisms can be studied at multiple biological scales and often have a wealth of accumulated knowledge on which current research programs build. A recent call within EEB communities to invest in the development of diverse model systems led us to evaluate the standing of a widespread, abundant, terrestrial salamander in this review: the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus). We first look at salamanders as EEB models more generally and determine where P. cinereus fits in this broader context. The core of our monograph reviews over 400 recent studies on P. cinereus and highlights inconsistencies, gaps in our knowledge, and future directions in the context of our findings and those of three prior comprehensive reviews: two comprehensive reviews published in 1998 and 2013, and a book published in 2016 focused on the behavioral ecology of P. cinereus. After completing our review, we conclude by evaluating the current status of P. cinereus as a model organism in EEB and describe how a collaborative research network, SPARCnet, can serve as a starting point for improving the range-wide understanding of P. cinereus ecology, evolution, and behavior. More generally, we argue that collaborative research networks can and should be applied to other EEB model systems, so that future EEB research may benefit from model systems that accurately represent, in Darwin's words, “endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful.”
Grading curve relations for saturated hydraulic conductivity of granular materials
Authors: Imre Emoke , Illés Zsombor , Casini Francesca , Guida Giulia , Feng Shuyin , Datcheva Maria , Baille Wiebke , Bálint Ágnes , Mwinken Delphin Kabey , Lorincz János , Leak James , Barreto Daniel
Published: December 2024

Estimation of hydraulic conductivity in soils is challenging. The primary aim of this study is to demonstrate that such predictions may be improved if grading curves are appropriately quantified and described, as well as by including density-related values in such relationships. Various saturated hydraulic conductivity models were tested with the assumption that predictions would improve if different grading curve statistics are used. A unimodal database was elaborated using old and new data. Three types of permeability models were examined. One using the traditional variables consisting of the product of harmonic mean dh or d10 and void ratio, the hydraulic radius; as well as additional density information. The second using the grading entropy coordinate pair S0, ΔS or the similar pair d10, CU, expressing the mean grain size on logarithmic scale along with the spread of the grain size distribution and containing similar information on pore size distribution (POSD) by duality. When these were combined in the third type, including also relative density for coarse materials, the fit was the best, verifying the hypothesis that the full pore size range may be the missing pore geometry information of the Taylor’s equation (hence predictions are better if grading curve parameters consider the entire distribution of particle sizes). The parameters identified for the various data series were dependent on the data themselves as found from early times in literature. The similarity of grading entropy coordinate pairs and the pair d10, CU, as well as dh and d10, was analysed by simulations and by using the same measured data.
Size effect on the dynamic tensile characteristics of concrete subjected to a high loading rate
Authors: Khan Mohammad Mohsin , Yadav Manish , Rajput Abhishek
Published: December 2024

The influences of loading rate and specimen size on the dynamic tensile behaviour of standard concrete (SC) (grade M35) and high-strength concrete (HSC) (grade M60) were investigated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The dynamic splitting tensile strength of the SC increased from 10.43 MPa to 18.56 MPa as the loading rate was increased from 130.3 GPa/s to 412.3 GPa/s. Similarly, for the HSC, the dynamic splitting tensile strength increased from 12.0 MPa to 19.86 MPa with an increase in loading rate from 214.5 GPa/s to 492.9 GPa/s. The larger specimens, with higher rate sensitivity, showed higher tensile strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF) owing to lateral inertia and crack propagation. The quasi-static size effect law was modified for dynamic loading conditions and the critical stress rates were 59.2 GPa/s for SC and 88.8 GPa/s for HSC. The modified DIF model of CEB-FIP, considering strain rate and size effect simultaneously, strongly supported the experimental DIFs with deviations within ±13%. The splitting tensile strength of SC and HSC calculated using a modified equation for brittle rock materials showed a deviation of ±10% of the experimental values.
Nanotherapeutics in Kidney Disease
Authors: Roointan Amir , Xu Rong , Corrie Simon , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Alt Karen
Published: December 2024

The treatment and management of kidney diseases present a significant global challenge, affecting over 800 million individuals and necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies that transcend symptomatic relief. The application of nanotechnology to therapies for kidney diseases, while still in its early stages, holds transformative potential for improving treatment outcomes. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery leverage the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles for targeted and controlled therapeutic delivery to the kidneys. Current research is focused on understanding the functional and phenotypic changes in kidney cells during both acute and chronic conditions, allowing for the identification of optimal target cells. In addition, the development of tailored nanomedicines enhances their retention and binding to key renal membranes and cell populations, ultimately improving localization, tolerability, and efficacy. However, significant barriers remain, including inconsistent nanoparticle synthesis and the complexity of kidney-specific targeting. To overcome these challenges, the field requires advanced synthesis techniques, refined targeting strategies, and the establishment of animal models that accurately reflect human kidney diseases. These efforts are critical for the clinical application of nanotherapeutics, which promise novel solutions for kidney disease management. This review evaluates a substantial body of in vivo research, highlighting the prospects, challenges, and opportunities presented by nanotechnology-mediated therapies and their potential to transform kidney disease treatment.
IT Outsourcing Vendor Selection for Digital Transformation Projects in Public Sector using Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy AHP
Authors: Demircan Murat Levent
Published: December 2024

Digital transformation projects have started to be implemented intensively in private sector companies, government institutions, and the public sector. In addition to its benefits, such as increased efficiency and cost reduction, digital transformation also creates high citizen satisfaction and public value for public institutions. However, as in the private sector, the public sector's biggest problem is achieving success in digital transformation projects, which is the biggest problem facing political leaders and public administrators. Public administrators must realize a profound learning revolution and change management in the internal organizational culture. They also need to choose the right outsourcing companies and succeed in implementing IT projects. Consequently, determining the selection criteria of the outsourcing companies that will take part in digital transformation projects in the public sector and the selection methodology to be applied is of great importance. It may be necessary to make a more complex and holistic evaluation when dealing with digital transformation projects in the public sector due to public institutions' unique norms, internal political balance, and culture. For this reason, a perspective and methodology covering all organizational stakeholders should be applied in decision-making processes. This study presents a Spherical Fuzzy AHP-based selection methodology framework for IT outsourcing vendor evaluation processes to enable public sector decision-makers to make better decisions.
Perustaidoilla kohti tasa- arvoisempia mahdollisuuksia: neljännen luokan oppilaiden matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden osaaminen
Authors: Hiltunen Jenna , Kotila Jenni , Lehtola Piia , Kauppinen Heli , Markkanen Ilona , Nissinen Kari , Puhakka Eija , Pulkkinen Jonna , Vaara Elina , Vettenranta Jouni
Published: December 2024

TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) on kansainvälinen matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden arviointiohjelma peruskoulun neljäs- ja kahdeksasluokkalaisille. TIMSS-tutkimusta
johtaa kansainvälinen koulutuksen arviointijärjestö IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement). IEA on riippumaton kansallisten tutkimuslaitosten ja valtion virastojen kan-
sainvälinen yhteistyöjärjestö, joka johtanut vertailevan arvioinnin tutkimuksia jo 1960-luvulta lähtien. TIMSS-tutkimusohjelma alkoi vuonna 1995, ja Suomi osallistui tähän tutkimukseen ensimmäisen kerran
vuonna 1999. Vuoden 2011 tutkimuskerralla Suomesta arviointiin osallistuivat sekä neljäs- että kahdeksasluokkalaiset oppilaat, mutta vuoden 2015 kierroksen arvioinnissa mukana olivat ainoastaan neljännen
vuosiluokan oppilaat. Tämänkertaiseen TIMSS 2023 -arviointiin Suomesta osallistuivat jälleen molemmat luokka-asteet, kuten vuonna 2019. TIMSS 2023 on merkittävä virstanpylväs kansainvälisten arviointitut-
kimusten kehityksessä, sillä 28 vuoden tutkimussarjassa on saatu päätökseen siirtymä nykyiseen täysin digitaaliseen arvioinnin toteutukseen. Tutkimukseen osallistuvien maiden ja alueiden määrä on kasvanut tasaisesti kierroksesta toiseen, ja vuoden 2023 tutkimukseen osallistuikin oppilaita jo kaikkiaan 65 maasta tai alueelta. Näiden maiden lisäksi mukana oli 6 erillistä hallinnollista aluetta. Neljännen vuosiluokan tutkimukseen osallistui 59 maata tai aluetta ja kahdeksannen vuosiluokan tutkimukseen 44 maata tai aluetta.
Recent development in powder metallurgy of high-entropy alloys for high-temperature applications: Brief review
Authors: Ivannikov A. Yu. , Yusupov V. S.
Published: December 2024

Powder metallurgy of high-entropy alloys has gained significant attention in modern applications due to its low cost and near-net-shape forma­bility. This overview presents the state-of-the-art research on powder metallurgy of high-entropy alloys for high-temperature applications, covering basic solid state fabricating processes, phase composition, and advanced mechanical properties recently attained. The analysis showed that various methods of production and mixing of powder components, including self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, magnesium reduction, hydrogenation, mechanical alloying, plasma spheroidization, centrifugal plasma sputtering of the bar, and conventional mixing of elemental powders in high-energy mixers are used to produce powder mixtures. The most common consolidation method is spark plasma sintering, which allows obtaining compacts with high speed and preservation of fine structure. Also, for the production of long bars and billets, the extrusion of powder mixtures in shells is used. A key feature of the chemical compositions of billets produced by methods of powder metallurgy are the possibility of obtaining oxide-disperse-strengthened powder compacts, which provides additional hardening at elevated temperatures. The main elements used in the creation of high-entropy alloys for application at elevated temperatures are the refractory metals. Therefore, in order to reduce the density of new alloys, compositions with aluminum, titanium, and refractory oxides are being developed. Finally, this review identifies unresolved and critical issues in the development of approaches to obtaining high-entropy alloys using powder metallurgy methods for their practical implementation in modern industry.