bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separator Sample Analysis and Calculating Wellstream Composition
Authors: Whitson Curtis Hays , Younus Bilal , Nielsen Markus Hays
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the use of separator gas and separator oil samples as the primary method used in tight unconventional wells. Separator samples provide direct measurement of surface product compositions and properties, but they are primarily used in the calculation of wellstream composition. Our discussion encompasses a comprehensive and quantitative QC and correction of separator sample compositions, also providing improved accuracy in the estimation of wellstream composition, both for conventional and tight unconventional wells.

The standard QC of separator sample compositions assumes that the samples collected should represent equilibrium gas and oil phases at conditions of pressure and temperature in the separator at the time of sampling. The Hoffman-Crump-Hocott method plots the log of component K-value and separator pressure log(Kpsp) versus a component factor F. The Hoffman "KpF" plot should result in a linear trend, with deviations from the linear trend indicating that the sampled phases are not in equilibrium. The problem with this QC method is that it does not provide a method to correct erroneous separator sample compositions. Our paper presents such a correction method for separator gas, separator oil, and wellstream compositions.

The proposed method uses the lab-reported wellstream composition based on the sampled gas and oil separator compositions using a recombination ratio computed from the separator gas-oil ratio at the time of sampling, and separator oil molar volume. This wellstream composition is flashed with K-values applicable at separator temperature and pressure, e.g. from the Standing correlation using a Rachford-Rice phase split calculation, or doing a flash with an appropriate equation of state.

The resulting flash calculation provides corrected separator gas and separator oil compositions that are more accurate than lab-reported separator gas and oil compositions, and can be used to calculate a corrected wellstream composition using the lab-reported recombination ratio.

We have studied the utility of this method for a wide range of wellstream mixtures, separator conditions, and the four potential sources of errors in separator samples: (1) leakage during transportation to the laboratory, (2) samples being collected at different times when pressure-temperature conditions differ for the gas and oil samples, (3) liquid carryover in the separator gas and gas carryover in the separator oil, and (4) gas chromatography errors in laboratory compositional measurements.

We show that the proposed method of correcting separator gas, separator oil, and wellstream compositions are accurate for all fluid types and errors that may be found in separator sampling. The approach is consistent with, but not dependent on, the Hoffman KpF method. The method does require K-value estimates at separator conditions, but this is almost always available from the Standing correlation (often used in connection with the Hoffman KpF QC plot) or an available EOS model.
Study on the Three Dimensional Fracture Propagation in Shale Oil Reservoirs with Multiple Horizontal Bedding Planes
Authors: He Rui , Fan Yu , Li Li , Chen Weihua , Chen Yan , Zeng Ji , Lv Zefei , Huang Liuke
Published: November 2023

As an unconventional resource, shale oil is extensively buried in the Sichuan Basin. The shale oil reservoirs have a large number of horizontal bedding planes with weaker strength, and the existence of bedding planes may suppress the growth of fracture height, leading to insufficient stimulation of reservoirs. Understanding the influence of bedding planes on vertical fracture propagation is crucial for engineers to know exactly how the fracture morphology is. In this paper, true triaxial experiment and 3D block DEM method are both adopted to investigate the propagation law of fractures in shales. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by fracturing experiments. This paper quantitatively evaluates the effect of geological and engineering parameters from calculated area of main fracture and activated bedding planes, and the mechanism of HF/BP interaction is analyzed. The experimental results show that the generated fracture is characterized by rough fracture surface and asymmetric propagation. The increase of injection rate is beneficial to the occurrence of penetration, and the development degree of bedding plane obviously affects the height growth of hydraulic fracture. The numerical results indicate that the hydraulic fracture tends to penetrate the bedding planes under the condition of higher vertical stress, higher cohesive strength of bedding plane, higher fluid viscosity, and higher displacement. Due to the influence of bedding planes, the fracture morphology is complex, mainly including "キ", "工", and "I" shape. The cohesive strength of bedding plane has significant impact on fracture propagation, and the tensile strength of bedding plane almost have no effect on fracture propagation. For shale reservoirs with well-developed bedding planes, the oriented perforation technology combined with deeply penetrated perforation bullets is recommended to be applied to improve the penetration ability of fracture. On the other hand, a high-viscosity fluid is recommended to be used to increase the fracture height, and then low-viscosity slick water is used to increase the bedding activation, thereby achieving effective spatial stimulation of reservoirs. According to the research results, a reverse hybrid pumping method is applied in Well L1, and ideal stimulating effect has been obtained. This paper provides an effective method for accurately simulating the vertical propagation of fractures in shale reservoirs with multiple bedding planes, deepen the engineers' understanding of the factors affecting the fracture morphologies, and help them optimize the fracturing parameters of shales.
Advanced team-based learning in clinical probation: improving initiatives for learning and team spirit of fourth year medical students
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Lei Ziying , Jie Yusheng , Wu Yuankai , Zhou Yun , Zhao ZhiXin , Lai Jing
Published: November 2023

Team-based learning (TBL) is widely used in preclinical medical curriculum. The aims of this study were to investigate the TBL teaching model in clinical probation and evaluate its teaching effectiveness in case discussion, compared with case-based learning (CBL). Fourth-year medical students who participated in clinical probation of infectious diseases were randomly distributed into the TBL and CBL groups. Each student anonymously completed teaching effectiveness evaluation forms after case discussions, and after the final examination. From August to September 2015, 100 students were enrolled. Both groups had clear teaching objectives and easy to follow teaching procedures. A higher percentage of students in the TBL group agreed that TBL contributed to the initiatives for preview and motivated case discussion, team spirit, and collaboration; but differences between the 2 groups were not significant (all P > 0.05). From December 2016 to April 2018, 239 students participated in TBL and 213 students in CBL. Compared with the CBL group, TBL received significantly higher scores of the above items (all P < 0.05), and also significantly higher scores with respect to the capacity of combining theory with clinical practice, and improved teacher-trainee interactions and practical problem-solving ability. The final examination scores of the TBL group were significantly higher than those of the CBL group (P = 0.021). In conclusion, TBL is more effective for improving medical student initiatives for preview and motivated case discussion, team spirit, and collaboration. Continuing efforts positively impacted student assessment of TBL and increased student appreciation for it.
Extracellular matrices of bone marrow stroma regulate cell phenotype and contribute to distinct stromal niches in vivo
Authors: Stone Andrew , Rand Emma , Thornes Gabriel , Kay Alasdair , Barnes Amanda , Hitchcock Ian , Genever Paul
Published: November 2023

Background
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are highly heterogeneous, which may reflect their diverse biological functions, including tissue maintenance, haematopoietic support and immune control. The current understanding of the mechanisms that drive the onset and resolution of heterogeneity, and how BMSCs influence other cells in their environment is limited. Here, we determined how the secretome of clonally-derived BMSC subtypes was able to direct cellular phenotype.
Methods
We used two immortalised clonal BMSC lines isolated from the same heterogeneous culture as model stromal subtypes with distinct phenotypic traits; a multipotent stem cell-like stromal line (Y201) and a nullipotent non-stem cell stromal line (Y202), isolated from the same donor BMSC pool. Label-free ptychographic imaging was used to track cell morphology and migration of the BMSC lines over 96 hours in colony-forming assays. We quantified the secreted factors of each cell line by mass spectrometry and confirmed presence of proteins in human bone marrow by immunofluorescence.
Results
Transfer of secreted signals from a stem cell to a non-stem cell resulted in a change in morphology and enhanced migration to more closely match stem cell-like features. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the Y201 stem cell secretome compared to Y202 stromal cells. We confirmed that the stem cell line produced a more robust ECM in culture and that this ECM was capable of changing migration and morphology of non-stem cells. The most highly enriched proteins, aggrecan and periostin, were identified at rare sites on the endosteal surfaces of mouse and human bone, underlying CD271-positive stromal cells, indicating that they may represent key non-cellular niche-components important for cell maintenance and phenotype in vivo.
Conclusions
We identified plasticity in BMSC morphology and migratory characteristics that can be modified through secreted proteins, particularly from multipotent stem cells. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of specific ECM proteins in co-ordination of cellular phenotype and highlight how non-cellular components of the BMSC niche may provide insights into cell population heterogeneity and the role of BMSCs in health and disease.
The Early Paleogene: A Glimpse of an Extremely Warm World
Authors: Slawson Jacob , Plink-Björklund Piret , Reichler Thomas , Baldassare Daniel
Published: November 2023

As the world warms, the Earth system moves towards a climate state without societal precedent1. This challenges predictions of the future, as climate models need to be tested and calibrated with real-world data from high carbon dioxide climates2. Despite the many advances in climate modeling, predictions of precipitation have particularly high uncertainties3. Earth history provides an opportunity to observe how the Earth system responded to high greenhouse gas emissions, enabling us to better predict how it may do so in the future. Here, we compile global proxy data from the Early Paleogene (66 − 49 Ma), a period with a warm climate overprinted by multiple rapid global warming events4, and suggested as a possible analogue for future worst-case scenarios1, 2. We show surprising results in the timing and duration of dramatic shifts in the hydrologic cycle occurring well prior to maximum temperatures and persisting well beyond. We provide a glimpse of an extremely warm Earth with ever-wet or monsoonal conditions in the northern and southern polar regions, and sustained aridity interrupted by extreme rainfall events at mid-latitudes. Our results indicate inconsistencies between proxy data and state-of-the-art paleoclimate models that are commonly used to predict and understand future climate change. Our focus on precipitation intermittency and intensity provides new data on long-term precipitation trends in high greenhouse gas climates to help address large uncertainties in future precipitation trends.
Electronic medical record-based prediction models developed and deployed in the HIV care continuum: a systematic review
Authors: Endebu Tamrat , Taye Girma , Addissie Adamu , Deksisa Alem , Deressa Wakgari
Published: November 2023

Objective
To assess the methodological issues in prediction models developed using electronic medical records (EMR), and their early-stage clinical impact on the HIV care continuum.
Methods
A systematic search of entries in PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted between January 1, 2010, and January 17, 2022, to identify studies developing and deploying EMR-based prediction models. We used the CHARMS (Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies), PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool), and TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis) statement to assess the methodological issues. In addition, we consulted reporting guidelines for early-stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems to assess the clinical impact of the models.
Results
The systematic search yielded 35 eligible articles: 24 (68.6%) aimed at model development and 11 (31.4%) for model deployment. The majority of these studies predicted an individual's risk of carrying HIV (n = 12/35, 34.3%), risk of interrupting HIV care (n = 9/35), and predicted the risk of virological failure (n = 7/35). The methodological assessment for those 24 studies found that they were rated as high risk (n = 6/24), some concerns (n = 14/24), and a low risk of bias (n = 4/24). Several studies didn't report the number of events (n = 14/24), missing data management (n = 12/24), inadequate reporting of statistical performance (n = 18/24), and lack of external validation (n = 21/24) in their model development processes. The early-stage clinical impact assessment for those 9/11 deployed models showed improved care outcomes, such as HIV screening, engagement in care, and viral load suppression.
Conclusions
EMR-based prediction models have been developed, and some are practically deployed as clinical decision support tools in the HIV care continuum. Overall, while early-stage clinical impact is observed with those deployed models, it is important to address methodological concerns and assess their potential clinical impact before widespread implementation.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42023454765.
The effect of finasteride on the male rat brain
Authors: Lee Dong Sup , Choi Young Hyo , Kim Hee Youn , Yang Seung Ho , Koh Jun Sung , Choi Jin Bong
Published: November 2023

Introduction
5AR (5-alpha reductase) inhibitors may have negative effects on psychosexual activity, but there is still debate.
Objectives
We aimed to observe the effect of 5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibition on the brain by using finasteride.
Methods
Eight fourteen-week-old male rats were assigned to one of three groups (Group 1 as the control group, Group 2 as the finasteride group, and Group 3 as the finasteride withdrawal group). Rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered finasteride for 4 weeks, and then rats in Group 2 were sacrificed, whereas rats in Group 3 were sacrificed 4 weeks thereafter. RT‒PCR and western blot for brain hemisphere, and immunohistochemistry for hippocampus and VMPOA were performed to evaluate the effect of finasteride on 5-alpha reductase type 2 and c-Fos.
Results
Dihydrotestosterone (ng/dl) and the dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio (%) decreased after 1 month of finasteride administration (Group 2), but the changes were abrogated after discontinuation of the drug (Group 3). Generally, these results were generally in accordance with those from the western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments; however, western blot analysis of 5-alpha reductase type 2 remained downregulated in Group 3. ThemRNAexpression of 5AR and c-Fos did not significantly change but tended to increase during finasteride administration.
Conclusions
Administration of finasteride exerted an effect on the brain, including the hippocampus and VMPOA, via 5AR-2 inhibition, resulting in a decrease inc-Fos protein activation, which may disappear after long-term cessation of the drug.
Arabic Eating-10 Assessment Tool Validation Using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation Of Swallowing (FEES) As An Imperfect Gold Standard: A Prospective Follow-up Cohort Study.
Authors: Abdel-Hay Da'ad , Abdelhay Osama , Ghatasheh Hamza , Al-Jarrah Sameer , Eid Suhaib , Tamimi Mutaz Al , AL-Mayata Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Head and neck cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have diverse effects on patients, leading to dysphagia as a significant post-treatment issue. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the EAT-10 questionnaire (A-EAT-10) using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) as an imperfect gold standard. Additionally, we seek to establish a correlation between A-EAT-10 and PEG tube insertion in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.Our sample comprised 130 head and neck cancer patients with varying cancer types at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). We followed these patients throughout their distinct treatment plans up to one month after their final treatment session. During follow-up visits, we administered the A-Eat-10 questionnaire to monitor dysphagia. FEES were conducted at the initial and concluding visits to compare results with A-EAT-10 scores. The results in our tests, assuming independence or dependence, demonstrated excellent agreement. A-EAT-10 exhibited outstanding predictive capabilities with an AUC ranging from 93–97%. A-EAT-10 tended to slightly overestimate dysphagia at later treatment stages by approximately 20% compared to FEES, with an RR of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.56, p-value = 0.21), indicating statistical insignificance. In conclusion, A-EAT-10 exhibits excellent properties, making it a non-invasive, simple, and cost-effective alternative to FEES in dysphagia evaluation, and it can assist in predicting whether a patient requires PEG tube insertion before treatment initiation at first visits.
WHIM Syndrome: Report of a Novel Familial CXCR4V340fs Gain-of-function Mutation with a Milder Phenotype
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Lu , Chen Ran , Yu Lang , Zhao Shunkai , Jia Yanjun , Dou Ying , Zhang Zhiyong , An Yunfei , Tang Xuemei , Zhao Xiaodong , Zhou Lina
Published: November 2023

WHIM syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant inborn errors of immunity characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, and myelokathexis. It is caused mainly by heterozygous mutations at the C-terminus of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) gene. Here, we report a Chinese family of four harboring a novel mutation in the C-terminal domain of CXCR4 (c.1016_1017dupCT), which caused a frameshift at codon V340, resulting in an extension of 14 amino acids (p.V340L fs*27). All four patients had recurrent respiratory infections and neutropenia, but no hypogammaglobulinemia. However, the number of naïve T cells and B cell subsets was significantly lower than normal. Compared with a patient harboring hotspot mutation CXCR4R334X, those with the CXCR4V340fs mutation had a milder clinical and immunological phenotype. Accordingly, and similar to the CXCR4R334X mutation, the novel frameshift mutation CXCR4V340fs resulted in impaired receptor downregulation in patients’ PBMCs, and in HEK293T cells transfected with mutant plasmids, thereby increasing the amplitude and duration of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 signaling after CXCL12 stimulation. Thus, we describe a novel pathogenic CXCR4 mutation causing familial WHIM syndrome.
Using Citizen Science to Infer Characteristics and Habitat Use of Reef Manta Rays (Mobula Alfredi) in New Caledonia
Authors: Lassauce Hugo , Château Olivier , Wantiez Laurent
Published: November 2023

Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) are observed at several sites in all parts of the archipelago of New Caledonia. The species faces threats from human exploitation and activity in several regions of the world and crucial information on the ecology of the species is needed. This study is the first to investigate the population of New Caledonia and focuses on its characteristics and its habitat use. We used citizen science over four years (2015–2020) to collect 1741 photo-identifications from 11 sites. The unique ventral coloration patterns of the manta rays allowed the identification of 391 individuals. These results highlight the widespread distribution of the species in the archipelago with little connectivity between all aggregations sites, with only 5.4% of the individuals observed at more than one site. Strong and long-term site fidelity was recorded at all studied sites through re-sighting rates and residency analysis. The population also records the highest known proportion of melanistic manta rays (43%) to date, and a balanced male : female ratio (1.0 : 1.15). The analysis of injuries reported a low impact from anthropogenic stressors, with only 9.8% of injuries judged to be of anthropogenic origin. Attempted predation rates were not higher than other location in the world with 29.7% of individuals bearing bite-related injuries. Our study highlights the need for further investigations on the spatial ecology and structure of the population to assess essential habitat and address potential localised threats, and thus, inform by conservation projects.
Comparative Analysis of FACTS Devices on Harmonics Suppression in WES
Authors: Yarlagadda Venu , Garikapati Annapurna Karthika
Published: November 2023

In Recent era of modern age integrates the green energy into the power grid which brings the plenty of advantages in the power generation. Wind plant was designed and with Asynchronous Generator with self excitation quipped with a hybrid FACTS controller comprising a multi-level DSTATCOM and D-GCSC for controlling terminal voltage against load disturbances. The harmonics in the system have been suppressed using both multilevel DSTATCOM with filter and with hybrid compensator and the comparison have been made using bar charts. THD analysis have been made for all four cases and it is observed that, with multilevel DSTATCOM with filter and hybrid FACTS controller, it tremendously reduced to very low value which is highly acceptable according to IEEE standards. The comparative analysis have been performed for both multilevel DSTATCOM with filter and hybrid compensator , even both are quite effective in mitigating harmonics , the hybrid compensator shows the superiority in mitigation of voltage harmonics.
Uṣūl al-Fiqh Literacy for the Local Community: A Study on Shaykh Mukhtar Ambai’s Manuscript
Authors: Repelita Repelita , Iskandar Nuzul , Mursal Mursal
Published: November 2023

Ancient manuscripts with uṣūl al-fiqh themes remain rare amidst the increasing efforts to inventory, categorize, and digitize old manuscripts in present-day Indonesia. Nevertheless, literacy initiatives related to uṣūl al-fiqh can still be identified within manuscripts exploring different subjects. This study aims to elucidate how a non-uṣūl al-fiqh-themed manuscript can encompass uṣūl al-fiqh insights intended for a local community. Employing a documentary approach, it relies on primary data from Risālah Marḍiyah by Shaykh Mukhtar Ambai Kerinci. Subsequently, content analysis utilizing a qualitative model captures messages, meanings, linguistic styles, and symbolic interactions. The study reveals that uṣūl al-fiqh’s topics in the manuscript are conveyed using five methods: illustration and exemplification, the statement-argument-example pattern, comparison, argumentative conjunction, if-then pattern, and citation models. The argument posits that scholarly uṣūl al-fiqh literacy efforts in the past need not be solely assessed by the quantity of ancient uṣūl al-fiqh-themed manuscripts; instead, they can be discerned in other manuscripts employing more operationally creative, contextual, and easily comprehensible delivery methods, serving a broader audience.
Digitalization of Islamic Finance: Epistemological Study of the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama’s Fatwa
Authors: Hidayati Tri , Hidayatullah Muhammad Syarif , Komarudin Parman , Atika Atika
Published: November 2023

The dynamic and rapid development of digital business and finance requires progressive Sharia legal certainty. National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama (Dewan Syariah Nasional – Majelis Ulama Indonesia/DSN-MUI) has issued several fatwas related to digital finance. This research aims to examine the portrait of DSN-MUI’s progressiveness towards the digital finance paradigm and aspects of Islamic legal epistemology in the DSN-MUI Fatwa with the theme of digital finance. This research uses a qualitative approach. The primary data for this research are the DSN-MUI fatwas up to 2021 with a digital theme, plus secondary data in the form of relevant literature. Data analysis uses content analysis techniques. The findings are that there are three DSN-MUI fatwas regarding digital finance in Sharia financial institutions, namely Fatwa No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017, No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018, and No. 140/DSN-MUI/VIII/2021. These three fatwas constitute progressive Islamic business law and are important for the Sharia financial industry in Indonesia. DSN-MUI used the ta’līlī and istiṣlāḥi methods with the consideration that electronic money, digital-based financing, and crowdfunding are permissible (mubah) based on sharia principles to achieve benefit. These three DSN-MUI fatwas need to be transformed into OJK regulations and can become a source for making derivative fatwas.
Analisis Status Kualitas Air Metode STORET Saluran Irigasi di DI Mondoroko
Authors: Petra Denindya Zefanya Alovy , Riyanto Haribowo
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Saluran Irigasi Mondoroko yang terletak pada Daerah Irigasi Mondoroko, Kecamatan Singosari, Kabupaten Malang yang sampai sekarang masih aktif digunakan.  Melihat  keadaan  tersebut penentuan kualitas air terkait kesesuaian kualitas air dengan peruntukannya untuk tanaman sehingga  dapat meningkatkan kualitas  dan  kuantitas  produksi  pertanian perlu dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kualitas air untuk beberapa parameter, rata-rata yang didapatkan, yaitu untuk suhu sebesar 26.5 °C, TDS sebesar 193 mg/L, Ph sebesar 8.41, dan untuk DO sebesar 3.98 mg/L. Dan dari hasil perhitungan yang diperoleh mutu air irigasi Saluran Irigasi Mondoroko yang dinilai menggunakan metode STORET didapatkan untuk mutu kelas I, II, III dan IV berturut-turut mempunyai skor -10; -8; 0 dan 0 sehingga kualifikasi mutu airnya dinyatakan untuk kelas I dan II adalah tercemar ringan, sedangkan untuk kelas III dan IV adalah memenuhi baku mutu. Melihat hasil tersebut, penggunaan air irigasi Mondoroko sudah sesuai dengan peruntukannya atau dengan kata lain air irigasi tersebut cocok untuk digunakan untuk pembudidayaan ikan air tawar, peternakan, air untuk mengairi pertanaman, dan atau peruntukan lain yang mempersyaratkan air yang sama dengan kegunaan.
Analisa Tegangan Pada Bendungan Cijurey Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat.
Authors: Hidayatulloh Ahmad Yusuf , Cahya Evi Nur , Marsudi Suwanto
Published: November 2023

Bendungan tipe beton padat gilas gravitasi merupakan bendungan yang secara penuh terisi beton yang dipadatkan dengan roller. Tubuh bendungan adalah bagian utama bendungan yang memiliki fungsi untuk menyangga tandonan air sekaligus menahan rembesan air dari hulu ke hilir. Analisa tubuh bendungan sangat diperlukan dalam sebuah bendungan, hal ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanan dari desain perencanaan bendungan tersebut, karena jika stress dan displacement tubuh bendungan tersebut tidak aman, maka akan terjadi kegagalan atau keruntuhan pada tubuh bendungan tersebut. FEM merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung gaya-gaya dalam yang terjadi dalam suatu komponen struktur. Finite element methode juga dapat dipakai untuk perhitungan struktur, fluida, elektrik, static, dinamik, dan lain-lain. FEM juga dikenal sebagai metode kekakuan atau displacement methode karena yang didapat terlebih dahulu dari perhitungan adalah perpindahan baru kemudian mencari gaya batang. Stress maksimum didapatkan sebesar 11,47 Mpa pada pembebanan kondisi VII, untuk batas maksimal beban harus dibawah 14,5 Mpa. Jadi untuk potongan 10 pada model pertama dapat dikatakan aman dengan menggunakan 7 kondisi pembebanan. Untuk Displacement pada model kedua didapatkan maksimum displacement sebesar 3,78 cm. Pada besaran Displacmemt pada dengan sebesar 3,78 cm bisa dikatakan tidak terlalu besar namun itu akan mempengaruhi pola kerja pintu pada bendungan dilihat dari bendungan tersebut menggunakan pintu radial.
Pengaruh Angin Terhadap Dimensi Rip-rap Bendungan (Studi Kasus Bendungan Sutami)
Authors: Faizah Nasya Shafa' , Runi Asmaranto  , Jadfan Sidqi Fidari
Published: November 2023

Rip-rap Bendungan Sutamiberfungsi sebagai peredam energi yang dapat mereduksi hempasan ombak agar tidak terjadi penggerusan tanah pada lereng bendungan. Studi ini bertujuan menganalisa potensi terjadinya kerusakan material pada rip-rap Bendungan Sutamiberdasarkanperbedaan nilai dimensi rip-rap yang dihitung dari pembangkitan gelombang menggunakan perhitungan kecepatan angin 10 tahun terakhir dengan nilai yang sebenarnya. Pembangkitan gelombang dan dimensi rip-rap dihitung menggunakan metode perhitungan angin terkoreksi (UA) danmetode perhitungan angin desain (VMPH).Data yang dibutuhkan yaitu kecepatan angin bulananuntuk menghitung kecepatan angin koreksi (UA), data arah anginyang digunakan untuk menentukan nilai panjang fetch (F), data berat jenis batuan dan slope rip-rap bendunganuntuk menghitung berat masing –masing fragmen batuan (W50), serta data berat median rip-rap sebenarnya untuk analisa terjadinya potensi kerusakan.Dari hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dari semua metode yang digunakan mendapatkan hasil tinggi gelombang yang sangat kecil. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena fetch Bendungan Sutami pendek atau > 1 km, yang mempengaruhi hasil dari pembangkitan gelombang dan dimensi batuan rip-rap yang didapatkan. Maka, dapat disimpulkan angin area penelitian tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kekuatan material rip-rap pada Bendungan Sutami atau masih dikatakan aman dari pengaruh angin dan gelombang.
Methods for assessing portal hypertension
Authors: Chooklin S.M. , Chuklin S.S.
Published: November 2023

Many researchers and clinicians have taken the value of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) as an essential prognostic factor in subjects with chronic liver diseases. HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg indicates the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension, the main predictor of the risk of variceal bleeding, hepatic decompensation, and mortality. However, HVPG measurement is invasive and requires high expertise, so its routine use outside tertiary care centers or clinical trials is limited. Clinically significant portal hypertension also might be detected using non-invasive options such as ultrasonography, elastography, magnetic resonance imaging, and indices derived from laboratory parameters. Our review aims to present the feasibility and applicability of HVPG in modern clinical practice in patients with liver cirrhosis, including invasive and non-invasive methods, based on literary sources from the MEDLINE database.
Prospects for the study of some electrophysiological parameters in the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Lakhno I.V. , Martynenko A.V. , Raimondi G. , Shulgin V.I.
Published: November 2023

Background. Fetal growth restriction is a clinical syndrome that has adverse effects on both perinatal outcomes and human health in adulthood. Traditional approaches to the diagnosis of this syndrome are based on ultrasound biometry and dopplerometry of uteroplacental and fetal-umbilical blood flow. The equipment used for such research is very expensive, and the training of a qualified specialist takes a long time. Non-invasive electrocardiography makes it possible to evaluate fetal heart rate variability and morphological parameters of the pQRST complex. The purpose: to determine indices of heart rate variability and morphological parameters based on the data of fetal non-invasive electrocardiography, which can be used to diagnose fetal growth restriction. Materials and methods. Two hundred and twenty pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years on 24–41 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. All of them were divided into two groups: 108 women with fetal growth restriction were included in group I, and 112 patients with healthy fetuses in group II. The fetal electrocardiogram was recorded in abdominal lead for 30–60 minutes. Results. The performed work made it possible to detect statistically significant changes in some indices of heart rate variability on the background of fetal growth restriction: SI, TP, AC/DC, LF, LF/HF ratio, as well as morphological parameters: QTc duration, QRS complex width and T/QRS ratio. The obtained data demonstrated a violation of autonomic regulation following fetal growth restriction and reflected the tension of regulatory systems, namely, the degree of dominance of the activity of central regulatory mechanisms over autonomous ones. Impaired de- and repolarization processes were a consequence of fetal myocardium remodeling due to ischemia. Conclusions. The development of algorithms for the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction using non-invasive electrocardiography requires further research of the following parameters: SI, TP, AC/DC, LF, LF/HF ratio, QTc duration, QRS complex width, and T/QRS ratio.
Hematological disorders as a complication of COVID-19
Authors: Markov Yu.I. , Markova I.A. , Goriainova N.V. , Kuiavovych B.M.
Published: November 2023

Background. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can affect the blood and hemostasis systems and lead to complications that require intensive care. The aim is to detect such common complications by studying literary sources and clinical experience. Materials and methods. The search for relevant literature was conducted in PubMed, and in the other databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. The literature search was done using the keywords “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2” in combination with “coagulation dysfunction”, “coagulopathy”, “hematological manifestations”, “hematological parameters”, “deep vein thrombosis”, “pulmonary embolism”, “arterial thrombosis”, “D-dimer”, “fibrinogen”, “lymphopenia”, “thrombocytopenia”. Results. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is characterized by high levels of D-dimer and fibrin degradation products in blood plasma, changes in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and platelet count. Endothelial dysfunction caused by coronavirus leads to an increased risk of thrombotic complications, both in venous and arterial systems, additionally to the existing higher risk of thrombosis in the intensive care unit. The venous thromboembolism frequency among unvaccinated hospitalized patients and during ultrasound screening is significantly higher. Coronavirus disease can lead to arterial thrombosis in areas such as the aorta, kidneys, cerebral and peripheral arteries. COVID-19 can cause enhanced-fibrinolytic-type disseminated intravascular coagulation or limited thrombotic microangiopathy. According to research, patients with severe COVID-19 usually had leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Thrombocytopenia is observed not only during the acute coronavirus disease, but also in the post-COVID-19 period. Both thrombosis and bleeding can occur in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusions. A high level of D-dimer, a prolongation of prothrombin time, an increase or a quick decrease in fibrinogen level, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are considered prognostic factors for the severity of coronavirus disease. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19. Arterial thrombosis occurs more often in the cerebral arteries and arteries of the extremities.
The influence of air pollutants on COVID-19 severity in the administrative and industrial city of Kharkiv
Authors: Podavalenko A.P. , Georgiyants M.A. , Vysotska O.V. , Korzh O.M. , Porvan A.P. , Maslova V.S. , Bereznyakov V.I. , Babaieva O.I.
Published: November 2023

Background. Despite the official statement by the World Health Organization regarding the end of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the risk of an epidemic rise in morbidity remains due to the active circulation of the pathogen and its mutation. Social, natural, environmental, and other factors can contribute to the spread of COVID-19. Air pollutants are extremely dangerous for humans, and a mixture of aerosols and dust particles in the air can serve as factors for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. So, the purpose of the study was to reveal the impact of air pollutants on COVID-19 severity in Kharkiv. Materials and methods. The influence of environmental factors on the manifestations of COVID-19 epidemic was assessed for 425 days. 16,723 cases of hospitalizations, 1,883 deaths, and 15,146 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in various age groups were studied. There were on average 4,663 active cases every day. Statistical analysis on assessing the impact of environmental factors on COVID-19 morbidity with different degrees of severity was performed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test in the IBM SPSS Statistics software package, and the normality of the distribution was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheet tools were used for some auxiliary calculations and graphing. Results. The influence of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, soot, and formaldehyde on COVID-19 morbidity in different severity of infection course with incubation periods of 3–4, 6–7, and 10–14 days was revealed. The effect of high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and formaldehyde was most significant on active, confirmed, hospitalized, and fatal cases of COVID-19. At the same time, a rise in active cases of COVID-19 was observed with increasing concentrations of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and high concentrations of phenol and soot had an impact on severe forms. Conclusions. Air pollution can contribute to the spread of COVID-19 and lead to its severe forms, which should be considered when predicting morbidity at different levels (national, regional, local) of epidemiological surveillance. Further research is needed to reveal causal relationships between the incidence of COVID-19 and air pollutants, considering the influence of social and natural factors.
Studying the effect of different combinations of neuroprotectors on biochemical markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Karimulin R.F. , Semenenko A.I.
Published: November 2023

Background. Preservation and restoration of neurons in the ischemic penumbra by developing new methods for neuroprotection is one of the urgent issues of modern medicine. The purpose was to study the effect of different combinations of neuroprotectors with different mechanisms of action by analyzing markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the blood serum of patients with ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. A randomized prospective controlled study was conducted on the use of neuroprotective complexes (NPC): NPC 1 (cerebrolysin + mexidol) and NPC 2 (cerebrolysin + citicoline), in patients with moderate and severe ische-mic stroke. They were randomly divided into groups: 1) comparison group — standard therapy; 2) NPC 1 along with standard treatment; 3) NPC 2 against the background of standard treatment. Laboratory studies on assessing interleukin-6, endothelin-1 and caspase-8 in blood serum were performed in dynamics, on days 1, 4 and 7. Results. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, the therapy scheme, which included the administration of NPС 2, was 1.6–2.1 times (p < 0.01) ahead of standard treatment, as well as 1.2–1.4 times (p < 0.05) — of standard treatment combined with NPC 1. The regimen, which included NPC 2, in terms of endothelium protection and antiapoptotic effect exceeded standard treatment alone by 1.8–3.5 and 1.5–2.3 times (p < 0.01), respectively, as well as by 1.2–1.5 and 1.2–1.3 times (p < 0.05) — standard treatment combined with the use of NPС 1. Conclusions. The use of NPС 2 (cerebrolysin + citicoline) for the treatment of moderate and severe ischemic strokes in combination with standard therapy showed the most pronounced and reliable neuroprotective effect (p < 0.05).
Language Control in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World
Authors: Fu Li
Published: November 2023

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is one of three most famous dystopian fictions. In the fiction Huxley depicted a future new world where advanced science and technology are largely used to suppress human beings. By depicting differences against tradition and demonstrating inevitable conflict between old tradition and civilized culture, Huxley expressed his concern and fear for problems of the day like overpopulation and overwhelming scientific impact on human beings. In order to pursue happiness and stability, the controllers use a series of instruments like ectogenesis, neo-Pavlovian conditioning and hypnopaedia to control human beings. Language plays a critical and irreplaceable role in the new world as a form of controlling.The main body of this thesis is divided into three chapters: language control of political consciousness, language control of moral education and language control of conventional finiteness. The conclusion of this paper is control from the new world to men’s ideology relies on language control to a large extent, in other words, without language control the new world Huxley structured in Brave New World cannot work. Therefore, language control ought to not be neglected in literary research on Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World.
NIOSOMES A PROMISSING NANOCARRIER: A REVIEW
Authors: BHANGE MANJUSHA A. , PETHE ANIL M. , JADHAV AMRAPALI
Published: November 2023

There are numerous traditional methods for applying medications to the skin. Transdermal has become a popular method of drug delivery in recent years for a variety of medications that are difficult to administer in other ways. Transdermal drug delivery has a number of advantages, the most important of which is the prevention of first-pass metabolism and the stomach environment, which would render the drug inactive. In addition to discussing in depth the various formulation techniques and permeability enhancement for improved therapeutic efficacy, a transdermal patch allows for the controlled release of medication into the patient, typically through membrane pores that house a reserve of medication or over body heat that melts thin layers of medication entrenched in the adhesive. 
The drug molecules can permeate the skin and be administered in this manner. Niosomes are vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants that are more stable, biodegradable, and generally harmless. Because surfactants are more chemically stable than lipids, niosomes are ideal for liposomes. The main topics of this review study are the concept of niosome, its benefits and drawbacks, composition, various type of transdermal formulation, enhancers using in this delivery and novel transdermal drug delivery, variables influencing niosomes, characterization, and use of noisome. Niosomes can be used to carry both amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes have great potential in targeted drug delivery of anticancer and anti-infective agents. This review article represents the structure of Niosomes, its advantages and disadvantages, types of niosomes, applications, method of preparation of niosomes.
DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CILOSTAZOL SOLID DISPERSION EMPLOYING MELT AND SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD AND ITS COMPARISON
Authors: NARAYANANKUTTY ANJANA MAROOR , KUMAR M. , B. S. VENKATESWARLU , M. MATHEWS SANTHOSH , KUMAR K. P. SAMPATH
Published: November 2023

Objective: Development and assessment of the Cilostazol solid dispersion employing melt and solvent evaporation method and its comparison. BCS class II and IV drugs are low solubility and low permeability properties. Most of the active drugs are pharmacologically ineffective due to a lack of solubility and permeability. To overcome these problems Solid Dispersion (SD) is one of the best conventional methods. The objective of this study is to improve the dissolution rate of Cilostazol using economical and simple solid dispersion technique.
Methods: Physicochemical properties of Cilostazol was studied. Cilostazol and polymers (PEG 6000 and PVPK30) interactions were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. SD was prepared using PVP K30 polymer by melt and solvent evaporation, and the polymer interactions of Cilostazol, Physical Mixture (PM), and SD were studied using FT-IR. Using a USP dissolution type 2 test apparatus (n=3) and settings of 50 rpm and 37 °C 0.5 °C, in vitro dissolution experiments for Cilostazol, PM and SD were conducted. Dissolution study and saturation solubility study was the main evaluating parameters.
Results: The FTIR study confirmed sharp peaks in the spectrum without merging, indicating that no drug interactions were present in the PM and SD formulations. Solubility and dissolution studies confirmed that drug release patterns of the pure drugs Cilostazol, PM (1:3), and SD (1:3) resulted in a markedly higher release rate. SD (1:3) released 97.2% of the drug after 60 min. PM (1:3) released 68.6% of the drug in 60 min, and the pure drug released 35.4% in 60 min. The formulation stability study confirmed that there was no significant loss of the drug under the storage conditions. The cilostazol SD was formulated using a conventional method. The solubility and drug release increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with Cilostazol and PM. FT-IR studies confirmed that there were no interactions between the drug and the polymer.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that cilostazol and PVP K30 Solid Dispersion (SD) was one of the choice used to enhance the solubility and drug release properties. However, in vivo studies are required before clinical application.
ADVANCEMENTS IN SCAFFOLD-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: KUMAR K. SAMPATH , M. MOTHILAL
Published: November 2023

In the field of tissue engineering, there is a growing focus on developing strategies for the reconstruction of dysfunctional tissue models through the transplantation of cells using stable scaffolds and biomolecules. Recently, significant attention has been focused on the expansion of dynamically responsive platforms that mimic the extracellular environment, leading to the integration of tissues and organs. The successful regeneration or restoration of tissues relies on the presence of a scaffold that serves as a temporary framework for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation. Various methods, including solvent abstraction, freeze drying/abstraction/gelation, particle compression, and phase reversal, can be employed to fabricate scaffolds. In the context of drug delivery systems utilizing polymeric scaffolds, careful consideration of optimal parameters such as drug loading capacity is crucial. Biodegradable polymers and bioceramics are commonly utilized to fabricate scaffolds. This review provides an overview of the significance of scaffolds, the materials employed, and the fabrication techniques utilized in the expansion of scaffolds for sustained drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.