bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical solution of the problem of the gas compression from rest to rest
Authors: Баутин Сергей Петрович , Николаев Юрий Владимирович
Published: August 2021

Представлены результаты численного решения математической модели перевода под действием двух поршней одномерного слоя газа из одного состояния покоя (начальный момент) в покой с большим значением плотности (финальный момент). Один из поршней движется со стороны оси или центра симметрии в сторону второго неподвижного поршня. Приводятся конкретные значения масс газа и его плотностей в финальный момент, сжатие которых возможно безударным способом. Траектория сжимающего поршня получена в виде табличной зависимости. Алгоритм численного решения реализован на основе метода характеристик и использует свойство решения, что на сжимающем поршне в финальный момент сжатия возникает особенность. В особой точке решение описывается формулами центрированной волны Римана, а в ее окрестности - обобщением центрированной волны Римана.

There is a flat, cylindrical or spherical layer homogeneous polytropic gas. One-dimensional and isentropic flows described by solutions of a system of gas dynamics. Let the gas be homogeneous at the initial moment of time with the density 1, and the gas velocity equal to 0 (state 1). At the final point in time the gas is again homogeneous with density large then 0 and rests (state 2). Purpose: It is need to find the gas flows that occur when a one-dimensional gas layer is shock-free compressed from the state 1 to the state 2. Methodology. In [1] was prove the existence of a solution to the problem of compression from rest to rest. To do this, the task is reduced to three initial boundary value problems. For this task the existence and uniqueness theorems of the solution are proved. In the proof of the theorems in particular, it is found that the solution has a feature on the compression piston in the final moment of compression, which at the point itself is described by the centered formula Riemann waves, and in its vicinity a generalization of the centered Riemann wave. Thus in theorems received a positive answer to the question about the existence of a solution (it can be written out in the form of an infinite series) in some area. However, theorems was not give answer about size of the solution area: no specific mass and density values were specified gas that can be compressed in the appropriate shock-free manner. In [2], the problem was solved numerically for the case of shock-free compression one-dimensional gas layer when the compression piston moves from the outside towards the axis or center symmetries. Findings. In the current work, the problem is numerically solved for the case of compression by a moving piston from inside to external stationary wall. The solution is obtained using its known properties and the method of characteristics. When numerical constructing there were no intersections of characteristics of the same family, which allows us to assert that the absence of shock waves in compression-induced flows. For specific mass values and the gas density trajectory of the compression piston was obtained in the form of table dependencies.
The application of artificial intelligence and data compression techniques for forecasting of social, economic and demographic indicators of the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Чирихин Константин Сергеевич , Рябко Борис Яковлевич
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрена задача прогнозирования временных рядов в ее одно- и многомерной постановках. Описан метод прогнозирования, в основе которого лежат алгоритмы сжатия данных и искусственного интеллекта. В качестве примера практического применения этого метода приведены вычисления для некоторых социальных, демографических и экономических показателей Новосибирской области. Наряду с широко используемыми на практике программами для сжатия данных, использованы реализации относительно менее известных моделей на основе формальных грамматик, а также метода, основанного на конечных автоматах. Для прогнозных значений построены доверительные интервалы.

This paper describes and experimentally investigates a time series forecasting method based on data compression and artificial intelligence techniques. Its basic idea is to combine various algorithms that can estimate the compressed size of a sequence of discrete values into a single method of forecasting. Generalizations of the method to continuous and multivariate cases are described. We use several popular data compression libraries (zlib, bzip2, ppmd), as well as applications of relatively lesser-known algorithms based on formal grammars (re-pair) along with our implementation of an algorithm based on finite automata with multiple heads. All these are employed to make forecasts for some social, economic and demographic indicators of the Novosibirsk region. The article elaborates both our methodology and the methods used for data preprocessing. Confidence intervals with a confidence level of 0.95 are plotted for all predicted values; the average relative errors calculated from the results of predicting the already fixed values are given. Cases in which multivariate forecasting turned out to be more accurate than univariate forecasting are: 1. Average annual population and natural population growth in the Novosibirsk region. Figure 1 shows their graphs along with multivariate predictions, while confidence intervals and mean relative errors are presented in tables 1, 2. 2. Life expectancy and number of deaths in the Novosibirsk region. Figure 2 shows their graphs along with multivariate predictions, confidence intervals and mean relative errors are presented in tables 3, 4. Table 5 gives univariate forecasts of some other indicators of the Novosibirsk region. We think that the results of computations show that the proposed method is capable of finding non-trivial patterns in the data and can be used in practice.
Towards verification of scientific and engineering programs. The CPPS project
Authors: Кондратьев Дмитрий Алексеевич , Промский Алексей Владимирович
Published: August 2021

В настоящее время, когда теоретические основы верификации программ хорошо изучены, исследователи концентрируют свои усилия на предметно-ориентированных методах для различных классов программ. Инструменты, которые они выбирают, варьируются от проверки моделей для сетевых протоколов до исчислений указателей для фрагментов ядра операционной системы. Однако, похоже, что области научных и инженерных программ все еще уделяется недостаточно внимания. Мы хотели бы внести свой вклад в заполнение этого пробела с помощью разработки системы CPPS. Целью этого проекта является создание системы параллельного программирования для Sisal-программ. Дедуктивная верификация Sisal-программ является одной из важных подцелей. Так как язык Cloud-Sisal построен на основе циклических выражений, их аксиоматическая семантика является базой логики Хоара для языка Sisal. Циклические выражения языка Cloud-Sisal, выражения конструирования массивов и выражения замещения элементов массивов позволяют реализовать эффективно исполняемые программы вычислительной или инженерной математики. Таким образом, мы полагаем, что наша аксиоматическая семантика для этих типов выражений может представлять интересный результат. Природа таких программ позволяет достичь не только эффективного исполнения, но и упростить верификацию. Действительно, программы вычислительной математики часто основаны на итерациях над структурами данных. Символический метод верификации финитных итераций является в этой ситуации очень полезным, так как он элиминирует те проблемные инварианты цикла, которые всегда мешают формальной верификации. Все предыдущие исследования этого метода были теоретическими, CPPS представляет собой первую попытку использования его на практике.

Nowadays, when formal fundamentals of program verification are well studied, researchers concentrate their efforts on domain-specific methods for various classes of programs. However, it seems that the field of scientific and engineering applications still lacks attention. We would like to contribute to filling this gap through the development of the Cloud Parallel Programming System (CPPS). The goal of this project is to create a parallel programming system for Sisal programs. Deductive verification of Sisal programs is one the of important subgoals. Since the Cloud Sisal language is built on the basis of loop expressions, their axiomatic semantics is the basis of Hoare’s logic for the Sisal language. The Cloud Sisal loop expressions, array construction expressions and array element replacement expressions enable efficiently executable computational or engineering mathematics programs. Thus, we believe that our axiomatic semantics for these types of expressions may present an interesting result.
Information theory as a means of determining the main factors affecting the processors architecture
Authors: Ракитский Антон Андреевич , Рябко Борис Яковлевич
Published: August 2021

В работе исследуется процесс разработки компьютеров за последние десятилетия с целью определения наиболее влияющих на него факторов. Описываются сами факторы, которые используются для предсказания направления будущих разработок. Для решения этой задачи применяется концепция Вычислительной Способности, которая позволяет оценить производительность компьютеров теоретически, опираясь исключительно на описание их архитектуры.

In this article we are investigating the computers development process in the past decades in order to identify the factors that influence it the most. We describe such factors and use them to predict the direction of further development. To solve these problems, we use the concept of the Computer Capacity, which allows us to estimate the performance of computers theoretically, relying only on the description of its architecture.
Modelling of a rotating detonation engine combustion chamber
Authors: Михальченко Елена Викторовна , Никитин Валерий Федорович , Стамов Любен Иванович , Филиппов Юрий Григорьевич
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрено трехмерное численное моделирование камеры сгорания двигателя с непрерывной детонационной волной с помощью авторского программного пакета. Программное обеспечение использует для многокомпонентного химически реактивного газа математическую модель с опциональным подключением модели турбулентности. В основе модели химической кинетики лежит механизм элементарных реакций, в зависимости от механизма меняется число реакций. В программе, в том числе, реализован авторский кинетический механизм. Рассмотрены шесть кинетических механизмов: Мааса-Варнаца-Поупа, Хонга, Вильямса, Gri-Mech 3.0, Ли-Джоу-Казакова-Драера и авторский, проведено их сравнение. Код распараллелен с помощью технологий OpenMP и MPI. В результате работы программы получена оптимальная форма камеры сгорания с самоподдерживающейся детонационной волной на смеси водорода с кислородом.

Purpose. To create software for studying the features of the transition from ignition and deflagration to a detonation mode in a three-dimensional configuration, including the formation and propagation of a rotating detonation complex, which takes transient processes into account. Methodology. The software is based on a mathematical model for multi-component gas dynamics with chemical reactions and turbulent transport for diffusion, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. High-order calculation schemes are used. To solve a stiff subsystem of kinetic equations, a hybrid implicit-explicit Novikov method is used (a specific variant of a Rosenbrock method). Findings. Authors created a code which calculates physical processes within a multi-component gas dynamics paradigm. The code accounts for chemical processes and turbulence modelling. The shape of computation domain and the type of boundary conditions is user defined. These include boundary conditions at the wall, as well as inflow and outflow conditions for both subsonic, and supersonic modes. Initial conditions can be set up differently in different regions of the domain. The software consists of several modules: a mesh-building module, initial state creation, calculation of new time layers saving the intermediate and final results at control points with a possibility to resume interrupted calculations, and post-processing modules. Authors developed blocks of solutions for various elementary chemical kinetic mechanisms, one of considered mechanisms is build up by themselves, others are published previously. It was obtained that the details of the 3D transient problem solution significantly depend on the chosen mechanism. Оriginality/value. The software complex makes it possible to process numerical modelling of a detonation engine combustion chamber in a 3D configuration considering chemical reactions and turbulent transport. Different chemical kinetics mechanisms are utilizable, and thrust characteristics could be obtained.
Computer 2D modelling of a micro-grip fluid cooling system
Authors: Насибуллаев Ильдар Шамилевич , Даринцев Олег Владимирович
Published: August 2021

Представлено компьютерное численное моделирование системы жидкостного охлаждения камеры микрозахвата. Построены математические модели течения жидкости, переноса тепла жидкостью, теплообмена между жидкостью и радиатором, теплообмена между радиатором и элементом Пельтье. Определено влияние геометрических и физических параметров камеры микрозахвата на эффективность системы охлаждения, а также найдена зависимость максимальной температуры, установившейся на радиаторе, от скорости течения охлаждающей жидкости и коэффициента теплопередачи между радиатором и жидкостью для стационарного течения. Проведено исследование влияния нестационарного течения жидкости на колебания температуры радиатора. На основе результатов численного моделирования предложены простые аналитические формулы, которые можно использовать в программном обеспечении системы управления микрозахватом

Numerical simulation of a micro-grip chamber fluid cooling system is presented. The mathematical models for mass and heat transfer in a fluid, heat exchange between the fluid and the radiator as well as the heat exchange between the radiator and the Peltier element are constructed in a variational form. The equations of hydrodynamics and heat equations were simulated by the finite element method in the FreeFem++ software. The influence of the geometric and physical parameters of the cooling system chamber on the efficiency of the device is determined. It is shown that as the heat transfer coefficient between the radiator and the fluid and the velocity of the coolant increases, the maximum steady-state temperature on the radiator nonlinearly decreases with saturation. When flow of coolant oscillates then the temperature on the radiator so does with the flow frequency. As the flow frequency increases, the amplitude of temperature fluctuations decreases. The increasing amplitude of flow oscillations leads to the amplification of the temperature amplitude. Using orthogonal central compositional method, the influence of the parameters (heat transfer coefficient, fluid velocity) on the efficiency of the cooling system is found, and the contribution of pairwise interaction is determined. Based on the results of numerical modelling, simple analytical formulas are proposed that can be used in the software module of the micro-grip cooling control system.
Two-dimensional model of wave hydrodynamics with high accuracy dispersion relation. II. Fourth, sixth and eighth orders
Authors: Хакимзянов Гаяз Салимович , Федотова Зинаида Ивановна , Дутых Денис
Published: August 2021

Построена полностью нелинейная слабо дисперсионная модель волновой гидродинамики четвертого порядка длинноволновой аппроксимации. За скорость в модели взята усредненная по глубине горизонтальная составляющая скорости трехмерного течения. Учтена подвижность дна. Выполненная модификация модели обеспечивает шестой и восьмой порядки точности аппроксимации дисперсионного соотношения трехмерной модели потенциальных течений.

In the numerical simulation of medium-length surface waves in the framework of nonlinear dispersive (NLD) models, an increased accuracy of reproducing the characteristics of the simulated processes is required. A number of works (Kirby (2016), e.g.) describe approaches to improve the known NLD-models. In particular, NLD-models of the fourth order of the long-wave approximation have been proposed and, based on a comparison of numerical results with experimental data, their high accuracy has been demonstrated (Ataie-Ashtiani and Najafi-Jilani (2007); Zhou and Teng (2010)). In these new models, the horizontal component of the velocity vector of the threedimensional (FNPF-) model of potential flows at a certain surface located between the bottom and the free boundary was chosen as the velocity vector. The result was a very cumbersome form of equations. In addition, the laws of conservation of mass and momentum do not hold for these models. The main result of this work is the derivation of a two-parameter fully nonlinear weakly dispersive (mSGN4) model of the fourth order of the long-wave approximation, which is a generalization of the well-known Serre-Green-Naghdi (SGN) second order model. In the derivation, the velocity averaged over the thickness of the liquid layer was used. The assumption about the potentiality of the three-dimensional flow was used only at the stage of closing the model. The movement of the bottom is taken into account. For the derived model, the law of conservation of mass is satisfied, and the law of conservation of total momentum is satisfied in the case of a horizontal stationary bottom. The equations of the mSGN4-model are invariant under the Galilean transformation and are presented in a compact form similar to the equations of gas dynamics. The dispersion relation of the mSGN4-model has the fourth order of accuracy in the long wave region and satisfactorily approximates the dispersion relation of the FNPF-model in the short wave region. Moreover, with a special choice of the values of the model parameters, an increased accuracy of approximating the dispersion relation of the FNPF-model at long waves (sixth or eighth order) is achieved. Analysis of the deviations of the values of the phase velocity of the mSGN4 model from the values of the “reference” speed of the FNPF model in the entire wavelength range showed that the most preferable is the mSGN4 model with the parameter values corresponding to the Pad’e approximant (2,4).
Reserve of characteristic inclusion for interval linear systems of relations
Authors: Шарая Ирина Александровна , Шарый Сергей Петрович
Published: August 2021

В работе рассматриваются интервальные линейные включения Cx ⊆ d в полной интервальной арифметике Каухера. Вводится количественная мера выполнения этого включения, названная “резервом включения”, исследуются ее свойства и приложения. Показано, что резерв включения оказывается полезным инструментом при изучении АЕ-решений и кванторных решений интервальных линейных систем уравнений и неравенств. В частности, использование резерва включения помогает при определении положения точки относительно множества решений, при исследовании пустоты множества решений или его внутренности и т.п

In this paper, we consider interval linear inclusions Cx ⊆ d in the Kaucher complete interval arithmetic. These inclusions are important both on their own and because they provide equivalent and useful descriptions for the so-called quantifier solutions and AE-solutions to interval systems of linear algebraic relations of the form Ax σ b , where A is an interval m × n -matrix, x ∈ R , b is an interval m -vector, and σ ∈ {= , ≤ , ≥} . In other words, these are interval systems in which equations and non-strict inequalities can be mixed. Considering the inclusion Cx ⊆ d in the Kaucher complete interval arithmetic allows studing simultaneously and in a uniform way all the different special cases of quantifier solutions and AE-solutions of interval systems of linear relations, as well as using interval analysis methods. A quantitative measure, called the “inclusion reserve”, is introduced to characterize how strong the inclusion Cx ⊆ d is fulfilled. In our work, we investigate its properties and applications. It is shown that the inclusion reserve turns out to be a useful tool in the study of AE-solutions and quantifier solutions of interval linear systems of equations and inequalities. In particular, the use of the inclusion reserve helps to determine the position of a point relative to a solution set, in investigating whether the solution set is empty or not, whether a point is in the interior of the solution set, etc
Maulānā Maudūdī and the genesis of Islamic Economics
Authors: Zaman Arshad
Published: August 2021

Maulānā Sayyid Abū’l-A‘lā Maudūdī (1903-1979) is credited with being the founder of Islamic Economics, and having developed the idea of an Islamic Economic System. This article investigates and finds little support for this claim. Moreover, it suggests that these claims not only strain the evidence available, but they also distort Maulānā Maudūdī’s thoughts, and add little either to his formidable stature as one of the most influential Muslim leaders of the twentieth century, or to the dignity of Islam. Instead, it proposes that Maulānā’s economic thought should be viewed as a minor if inextricable component of his social and political vision of a modern Islamic state. Or, as arrangements in law and government for the provision of livelihoods, akin to the German tradition of Polizeiwissenschaft in a Staatswissenschaft, but from the Islamic perspective of commanding the right and forbidding the wrong (especially, allowing wages, rents and profits, but not interest).
Fundamentals of Economics and Islamic Economy
Authors: Çetin Guldenur
Published: August 2021

Considering the views expressed above, it is necessary to examine the concept of Islamic Economics, which expresses the effects and scope of Islam on the field of economy more closely. To make the said study, Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan’s work called Basic Subjects of Economics and Islamic Economy will be examined because it is both up-to date and prepared as a result of long researches. Consisting of 300 pages, the study includes 14 basic chapters.
Superimposed High Frequency Jet Ventilation Minimises Diaphragm, Bronchus, and Mediastinum Motion during One-Lung Flooding
Authors:   Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Teaching Hospital of Jena University Hospital, Strasse des Friedens 122, Gera D-07548, Germany, T Lesser , F Wolfram ,   Central Experimental Animal Facility, University Hospital Jena, Location Dornburger Strasse 23a, Jena D-07743, Germany, C Braun ,   Central Experimental Animal Facility, University Hospital Jena, Location Dornburger Strasse 23a, Jena D-07743, Germany, R Gottschall ,   Doctor Emeritus, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena D-07747, Germany
Published: August 2021

Background: One-Lung Flooding (OLF) represents an ideal acoustic pathway for focused ultrasound ablation of lung tumours. Despite stabilization of the adjacent hemidiaphragm by OLF, standard Pressure-Controlled Ventilation (PCV) of the contralateral lung causes an unacceptable movement of the flooded lung. We examined whether Superimposed High Frequency Jet Ventilation (SHFJV) reduces lung motion compared to PCV during OLF. Methods: The study included 15 pigs: 10 underwent OLF; 5 controls underwent two-lung ventilation without OLF. Using ultrasound, diaphragm displacement on the flooded lung side was measured during PCV and SHFJV in the left lateral (LLP), Supine (SP), and Right Lateral Positions (RLP). Bronchus and mediastinum displacements were measured in the right lateral position. Results: Diaphragm displacement on the flooded lung side was significantly reduced during SHFJV, compared with PCV, in all animal positions (LLP: 7mm [4.75-8.0] vs. 17mm [14.75-19.0], P=0.0039; SP: 4mm [3.75-4.25] vs. 17mm [16.0–18.5], P=0.0039; RLP: 8mm [5.75-9.0] vs. 20mm [14.0-23.25], P=0.0078). Displacement of both the bronchus and mediastinum were significantly reduced during SHFJV, compared with PCV, in RLP (bronchus: 2.0mm [1.75-2.25] vs. 3.0mm [2.75-3.0], P=0.027; mediastinum: 4.5mm [4.0-5.0] vs. 10mm [7.0-10.0], P=0.0078. Conclusion: Thus, SHFJV minimises diaphragm, bronchus, and mediastinum motion during OLF, which is a prerequisite for effective lung tumour ablation.
Using Formative Research to Inform a BCC Strategy to Increase Food Security and Dietary Diversity in Low-Income Rural Communities
Authors:   Communication Partners International (CPI), Springfield, NSW, Australia, T Turk , NF Safdar ,   Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, S Hashmi ,   Assistant Professor, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, N Shah ,   Senior Lecturer, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, S Zaheer ,   Senior Lecturer, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: August 2021

Background: Adequate nutrition is a public health priority, particularly in low-income rural areas where there is a high prevalence of malnutrition and stunting. Baluchistan is an arid desert and mountainous province with the worst health indicators in Pakistan. The objective of this research study was to identify current knowledge, attitudes and practices of vulnerable women with young children residing in remote areas of Baluchistan and assess their information needs to guide the development of a BCC nutrition strategy materials and activities. Methods: This study design incorporated formative research via eight focus group discussions with demand and supply-side program beneficiaries (n=124) to assess current nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward kitchen gardens and proposed nutrition resources. Semi-structured interviews (n=16) were also conducted to provide program intelligence from key informants. A literature review supported the development of discussion agenda based on predominant behavioral theories. Data analysis was conducted with in vivo qualitative software coupled with grounded theory with qualitative findings triangulated. Results: The study identified important factors for the development of BCC resources and activities. Opportunities included effective nutrition education, improved income and livelihoods from kitchen gardens, women’s empowerment and gender equality. Challenges included traditional cultural practices, entrenched food preparation behaviour, environmental and infrastructural constraints. Conclusions: Lessons learned highlight the benefits of integrating formative research methods with a comprehensive literature review and behavioural theories for the development of BCC resources for nutrition programs in insecure and resource-constrained settings.
Vaginal microbiota during the menopausal transition: the role of lactobacilli
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yulia E. , Shadrova Polina A. , Komagorov Vladimir I.
Published: August 2021

Physiological loss of ovarian function during the menopausal transition often leads to the development of unfavorable symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy, recurrent urinary tract infections and dyspareunia. Currently, the scientific community is actively discussing the risks and benefits of prescribing menopausal hormone therapy to relieve the consequences of estrogen deficiency. The study of vaginal microbiota in dynamics made it possible to take a deeper look at the development of genitourinary menopausal syndrome and associate several microorganisms with specific undesirable manifestations. The link between recurrent urinary tract infections during menopause and physiological replacement of microbiota by opportunistic flora with the development of unpleasant symptoms resolves doctors to resort to irrational courses of antibiotic therapy. The review is devoted to the generalization of information on microbiological changes in the vagina during perimenopause, the possibilities of choosing the optimal hormone therapy for the correction of symptoms, the use of new promising methods, including management by modulating the vaginal microbiota.
Risk factors and prevention of placenta-associated diseases
Authors: Minaeva Ekaterina A. , Shmakov Roman G.
Published: August 2021

The review presents modern data on the preventive effect of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy of placenta-associated diseases. The review includes data from foreign and Russian articles published over the past 15 years on the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, Pubmed databases. In recent years, there have been reports of the effectiveness of low molecular weight heparins in the prevention of placenta-associated complications. M. Rodger et al. In their study (2016), report on the effect of low molecular weight heparins on the development of placenta-associated complications. Patients whose previous pregnancy was complicated by preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction were randomized into 2 groups. The first group of pregnant women began to receive injections of low molecular weight heparins at an early stage of pregnancy (before 12 weeks), the second group did not receive low molecular weight heparins. Thus, only 19% of women receiving low molecular weight heparin therapy and 43% of women not receiving it developed placenta-associated complications, which may indicate the effectiveness of low molecular weight heparins. This data shows the urgency of the problem of placenta-associated complications, and the development of effective methods of early prevention of these diseases can improve the outcomes of the pregnancy.
Guia metodológico para avaliação de ambientes de ensino pós Covid: estudo de caso FAU/UnB
Authors: Sales Gustavo de Luna , Souto Ágatha M. Formiga de , Quaglia Angelina Nardelli , Silva Caio Frederico e , Barreto Frederico Flósculo Pinheiro , Valle Ivan Manoel Rezende do , Amizo Isadora Banducci , Farias João Vitor Lopes Lima , Cronemberger Joára , Sousa Juliana Andrade Borges de , Gehlen Juliana , Tostes Lia Campelo Lima , Guerra Luiz A. de Paula Guerra Machado , Pantoja Mafalda Fabiene Ferreira , Amaral Meylin G. M. Meirelhes do , Ferreira Oscar Luís , Zanoni Vanda Alice Garcia
Published: August 2021

Muitos ambientes de ensino tiveram suas rotinas alteradas com a chegada da pandemia do novo Coronavírus. No contexto da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), que está desde de março de 2020 desenvolvendo atividades remotas, também estão sendo desenvolvidas uma série de atividades de planejamento visando à reocupação responsável do Campus. Neste sentido, este presente documento tem por objetivo informar todas as atividades desenvolvidas pelo subcomitê de infraestrutura e serviços da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FAU) da UnB, no âmbito do Comitê de Coordenação de Acompanhamento das Ações de Recuperação (CCAR). Este estudo está delimitado para a realidade de uso e ocupação da FAU/UnB, que fica localizada na ala norte do Instituto Central de Ciências – ICC, um dos edifícios mais emblemáticos de toda a Universidade. Destaca-se que há limitação temporal no referencial bibliográfico e técnico consultados e produzidos para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, os quais foram a base para a metodologia utilizada neste guia. A proposta do guia é oferecer uma possibilidade metodológica que auxilie gestores educacionais em reavaliarem os seus espaços para possibilitar uma ocupação dos ambientes de forma segura, responsável e com salubridade.
Manejo Integral de zona costera aplicado al ordenamiento territorial del municipio de Tumaco
Authors: Montagut Cifuentes Eduardo Alejandro
Published: August 2021

EI trabajo consistió en realizar un ejercicio académico-práctico que identificara 3 propuestas útiles de ordenamiento para la zona urbana del Municipio. Preliminarmente se procesó y se analizó la información con la cual se caracterizó y diagnosticó el ambiente biofísico, luego interinstitucionalmente se escogieron 3 casos de estudio como planes-propuestas, los cuales fueron presentados ante los usuarios directos e indirectos para su consideración y adopción. Una vez definidos los planes, se elaboraron como proyectos de financiación para presentarse ante los entes gubernamentales y privados. Con el fin de facilitar y optimizar el proceso, desde el inicio se creó el Comité de Manejo Integrado de Zona Costera. Como resultados del ejercicio, se identificaron las siguientes propuestas: Isla del Morro, con el proyecto de Ordenamiento y desarrollo turístico de la playa; Isla Viciosa, con el proyecto ECOPARQUE, solución futura de manejo y uso del sector de alto riesgo despejado por la reubicación de sus habitantes, y en el sector de la zona urbana continental (entre el puente el Pindo y el estero el Tigre), el proyecto de identificación de áreas para futura expansión urbana de Tumaco.
Peningkatan Psikomotorik Peserta Didik Kelas Vi Sd Negeri Sampok Gunungwungkal Pati Semester 1 Materi Membuat Rangkaian Listrik Sederhana Dengan Model Project Based Learning Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Kusumastuti Yuni Dyah
Published: August 2021

Seiring perkembangan zaman yang semakin cepat dan pesat berpengaruh di dunia pendidikan. Dunia pendidikan mengalami perubahan dan perkembangan yang semakin canggih. Guru adalah pelaku pendidikan yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan suatu pendidikan. Tugas pokok guru yaitu mengajar, dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berlangsung di sekolah guru tidak hanya dituntut untuk dapat menyampaikan materi pelajaran saja, namun dituntut untuk mampu membimbing dan mendorong peserta didik untuk lebih giat belajar dan memiliki ketrampilan 4C (Critical thinking, Creativity, Communication dan Collaboration). Oleh karena itu guru harus mampu menguasai perangkat pembelajaran yang akan disampaikan kepada peserta didik. Masa pandemi ini, guru melakukan pembelajaran secara daring. Pembelajaran dilakukan berbasis TPACK, menggunakan teknologi untuk tetap melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar jarak jauh.Rumusan masalah yang ingin disajikan sebagai bahan kajian penelitian tindakan kelas adalah : “Apakah  model Project Based Learning dapat meningkatkan psikomotorik peserta didik  pada materi membuat rangkaian listrik sederhana peserta didik kelas VI SD Negeri Sampok Kecamatan Gunungwungkal Kabupaten Pati?”Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VI SD Negeri Sampok Kecamatan Gunungwungkal yang berjumlah 6 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, wawancara, soal evaluasi dan dokumentasi dari kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung.Dari tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas dapat disimpulkan bahwa belajar kreatif dan mandiri dalam rangka menciptakan hasil karya sederhana yang salah satunya dengan membuat rangkaian listrik sederhana pada muatan pelajaran IPA dapat meningkatkan psikomotorik peserta didik kelas VI SD Negeri Sampok  Kecamatan Gunungwungkal Kabupaten Pati. Saran yang diberikan oleh peneliti adalah untuk memotivasi peserta didik dalam belajar, diharapkan kepada para guru untuk menerapkan pembelajaran yang menekankan pada kreatifitas dan kemandirian dengan memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik untuk berkarya dan memiliki pengalaman membuat rangkaian listrik sederhana.Kata kunci : psikomotorik, project based learning
The Use Of Value Clarification Technique (VCT) In Improving Pancasila And Civics Education Learning
Authors: Septiningrum Eka Setya , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Salimi Moh
Published: August 2021

The use of Value Clarificatin Technique (VCT) in improving Pancasila and Civics Education Learning about the theme entlitled “Health is Important”. This research is a collaborative Classroom Action Research conducted within two cycles consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data used were in the form of qualitative data, namely the value of the attitude of responsibility and knowledge of the contents of Pancasila and Civics Education learning. The result of this research indicated (1)the use of VCT implemented by the following steps: (a)expositon, (b)presentation of dilemmas, (c)determination of arguments, (d)testing of argument and classification of values, (e)inference, and (f)evaluation; (2)VCT learning model could improve Pancasila and Civics Education Learning as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of completeness in the value of attitude 6,12% and increasing the percentage of completeness of the value of knowledge 8,44%;and (3)the problems encountered, namely: (a)less extensive materials, (b)stimulus didn’t reach the whole class, and (c)timing was less effective; Solutions are: (a)developing material, (b)enlarging the stimulus, and (c)creating effective timing. The conclusion of this research indicated that the use of VCT could improve the attitude and knowledge of the Pancasila and Civics Education content on the theme entitled “Health is Important”.
Upaya Meningkatkan Perkembangan Bahasa Dengan Media Video Pembelajaran Pada Anak Usia 5 - 6 Tahun Di TK Dharma Wanita Karangsari
Authors: Ni'mah Nurul Khosyamsiatun , Rakhmawati Dini , Septi Laksma
Published: August 2021

Kata Kunci :  Bahasa, Video ,Cerita, HurufPerkembangan bahasa untuk anak usia dini mempunyai empat keterampilan yaitu menyimak, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Setiap keterampilan berhubungan dengan proses berfikir yang mendasari bahasa.Tujuan penilitian adalah, Meningkatkan tata bahasa, Meningkatkan imajinatif anak melalui hasil karya, Meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap syimbol syimbol huruf.Metodologi penelitian dengan sasaran anak yang di teliti adalah 5 anak laki – laki , dan 2 anak perempuan, pelaksanan mulai jam 08.00 pagi sampai jam 9.30, dengan model pembelajaran luring. Prosedur penelitian diadakan pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2, metode pengumpulan data, secara observasi dan dokumentasi, instrumen penilaian dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan Dokumentasi. Indikator keberhasilan adalah BSH pada setiap kompetensi dasar yang dicapai dan nilai capaian yang ditargetkan adalah diatas 75 %. Minimal 5 dari 7 anak harus mendapatkan BSH disetiap Indikator.Hasil penelitian pada siklus 1 berkembang dengan  nilai 59 %, pada siklus 2 telah mencapai nilai keberhasilan 78 % pada aspek bahasa anak. Perkembangan bahasa anak dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2. Saran, dalam mengembangkan aspek bahasa anak hendaklah dengan kegiaatan yang menyenangkan yaitu belajar melalui bermain. Saya merekomendasikan memanfaatkan bahan bahan ajar yang mudah ditemukan dilingkungan seperti bahan ajar alam dan peralatan yang sudah tak terpakai.
Peningkatan Hasil Pembelajaran Tema Globalisasi Sub Tema 1 Menggunakan Media Video Pembelajaran Di Kelas VI Semester 1 SD Negeri 2 Bajo Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Iriana Enis Wiatin
Published: August 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan untuk hasil belajar tema 4 subtema 1 pada peserta didik kelas VI SD Negeri 2 BAJO. Peneliti menggunakan media video pembelajaran untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 13 peserta didik kelas VI SD Negeri 2 BAJO. Berdasarkan pembelajaran pada siklus pertama, hasil belajar mencapai 88% dengan rata-rata 78,8. Pada siklus kedua, peneliti menggunakan media video pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik mencapai 100%, rata-rata nilai hasil belajar 90,0. Penelitian belum dinyatakan berhasil karena indikator keberhasilan dari penelitian ini adalah 100% peserta didik tuntas dalam hasil belajarnya dengan rata-rata nilai minimal 92,5 sehingga penelitian dilanjutkan pada siklus ketiga. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media video pembelajaran dilakukan pada siklus ketiga, hal tersebut mampu meningkatkan aktivitas belajar peserta didik yakni 100% dari jumlah peserta didik kelas VI dinyatakan beraktivitas baik dalam pembelajaran dan mendapatkan niai lebih atau sama dengan KKM disertai rata-rata nilai mencapai 95,0. Atas dasar hal itu, peneliti menarik simpulan bahwa dengan penerapan pendekatan pada pembelajaran tema 4 subtema 1 di kelas VI dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Dengan hasil ini, diharapkan mampu menjadi salah satu referensi bagi peneliti lain dalam mengembangkan inovasi pembelajaran. Kata kunci: hasil pembelajaran, video pembelajaran
THE EDUCATION OF PANCASILA VIEWED FROM THE JAVANESE MORALITY : A CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Soegeng Ysh. A.Y.
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar-belakangi oleh adanya isu tentang kemerosotan moral akibat dari timbulnya era globalisasi, industralisasi modern dan informasi elektronik. Hal ini menuntut peningkatan nilai, utamanya mata kuliah Pendidikan Pancasila, serta perlunya pelestarian nilai-nilai Pancasila. Masalah pokok yang perlu dijawab adalah: (1) Seberapa jauh Pendidikan Pancasila telah mengajarkan nilai-nilai? (2) Apakah terdapat kemiripan antara moral Pancasila dan moralitas Jawa? Penelitian ini merupakan suatu survai. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan observasi, analisis isi dan studi kepustakaan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik statistik chi-kuadrat dan analisis tema. Temuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Pendidikan Pancasila lebih banyak mengajarkan nilai-nilai kesejahteraan dan kehidupan daripada nilai-nilai kerohanian. (2) Terdapat kemiripan antara moral Pancasila dan moralitas Jawa. Dengan demikian, unsur kebudayaan Jawa, utamanya cerita, wayang, dan karya sastra dapat dimanfaatkan guna peningkatan kualitas proses mengajar-belajar Pendidikan Pancasila sebagai pendidikan nilai. Kata Kunci : kemerosotan moral, pendidikan Pancasila, moralitas Jawa, pendidikan nilai.
INTERACTIONAL MODIFICATION OF INDONESIAN LEARNERS OF EINGLISH IN NEGOTIATING MEANINGS IN A SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
Authors: Egar Ngasbun
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini adalah tentang modifikasi interaksi oleh kelompok kecil diskusi mahasiswa Indonesia yang belajar Bahasa Inggris dalam menyelaraskan arti. Masalah pokok dari kajian ini adalah : modifikasi interaksi apa yang digunakan oleh kelompok diskusi mahasiswa yang belajar Bahasa Inggris untuk menyelaraskan arti? Kajian ini juga bertujuan mengenali modifikasi interaksi yang dilakukan mahasiswa tersebut dalam menyelaraskan arti. ?é?áData dikumpulkan dari seuah kelompok kecil diskusi mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris IKIP PGRI Semarang yang telah direkam dan ditranskripsikan menggunakan model yang dikembangkan oleh Eggins dan Slade (1997). Berdasarkan transkripsi tersebut sebagian besar data dianalisa menggunakan taksonomi yang dikembangkan oleh Pica dan Doughty (1985), dan didukung oleh Tarone (1983) dan Agustien (1992), untuk mengenali modifikasi interaksi oleh mahasiswa dalam antara lain : permintaan penjelasan (15,91%), konfirmasi (10,79%), pengecekan komprehensif (3,98%), pengulangan kata yang sama (23,865%), pengulangan lain (10,23%), tanggapan (12,50%), permintaan bantuan (0,57%), permintaan pengulangan (1,14%), translasi literal (0,57%), penjelasan berlebihan (2,84%), usaa tim (0,57%), tanggapan:penerimaan (9,66%), dan usulan (7,39%). Agar kemampuan berbicara siswa meningkat secara signifikan, guru Bahasa Inggris dianjurkan untuk memaksimalkan modifikasi interaksi yang paling banyak dikuasai oleh para siswa dan meningkatkan yang yang paling sedikit dikuasai siswa. Sebagai tambahan, para guru diharapkan dapat mengembangakan aktivitas siswa melalui (1) masukan secara komprehensif, ?é?á(2) mengambil bagian dalam pertukaran informasi, dan (3) membagi peran yang sama di antara siswa untuk berinteraksi di dalam kelas. Kata kunci : modifikasi interaksi, menyelaraskan diri, kelompok kecil diskusi.
OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   1Acadêmica do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Pelotas 2Médico Residente de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, mandatory intracellular protozoan. It’s estimated that one third of the world population is infected with the parasite, a fact that makes it one of the most infectious parasites. Although 80-90% of the immunocompetent infected are asymptomatic, the disease stands out for being one of the main causes of retinochoroiditis, especially among the immunosuppressed. Case report: Patient, 17 years old, white, female, previously healthy, comes to primary care due to a counter-referral with ophthalmology. Patient presented low visual acuity for 6 months, being diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. Standard treatment was started: sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, folinic acid and oral prednisolone for 6 weeks. Serum antitoxoplasma titers were obtained indicating previous infection: positive IgG and negative IgM. A patient will face another treatment cycle, as the condition doesn’t improve, which includes high doses of systemic corticosteroids. The physical examination showed no changes. The ophthalmologist requested periodic control of patient’s blood pressure and glucose, extending the treatment. Conclusion: In immunocompetent individuals, ocular toxoplasmosis is a consequence of reactivation of a scar that contained a previously inactive cyst, only a minority comes from a new infection. It’s considered the most common cause of posterior uveitis, emphasizing the importance of this report. Ocular reactivation occurs due to a decrease in specific immunity and the peak incidence is at 29 years old. Young patients with ocular toxoplasmosis have higher risk of recurrence when compared to elderly. Antitoxoplasma serology isn’t necessary for treatment, which must be started as clinical diagnosis is established.
OPTICAL NEUROPATHY: ANTIGLAUCOMATOUS TREATMENTS OFFERED BY THE UNIQUE HEALTH SYSTEM IN BRAZIL, AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAST DECADE
Authors:   1Medical student at the Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. 2Resident doctor of Ophthalmology at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Optical neuropathy with progressive loss of visual field, glaucoma represents the main cause of irreversible blindness. Objectives: To analyze the frequency of antiglaucomatous procedures performed by the Unified Health System (SUS), in the last 10 years, requiring hospitalization and outpatient care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative retrospective study, carried out through consultations and data analysis of antiglaucomatous procedures in the DATASUS system, between January 2010 and December 2019. Results: In Brazil, trabeculectomy was the most performed procedure in the last 10 years. Outpatient care had an average of 10,661 per year, on the other hand, the need for hospitalization increased by 70%. The second procedure that generated the most hospitalizations was the implantation of an anti-glaucomatous prosthesis, which doubled in the corresponding period. Cyclodialysis was the least used procedure in the 10 years of analysis, both on an outpatient and hospital basis, and is reserved for the final stages of glaucoma. Surgical iridectomy, used for acute treatment, showed a reduction, in 2019 it represented less than a third compared to 2010. As for outpatient procedures using lasers, such as phototrabeculoplasty and iridotomy, they showed significant growth. Conclusion: Trabeculectomy is considered the gold standard, justifying its greater frequency, both on an outpatient and hospital basis. Procedures using laser are expanding, trabeculoplasty as an alternative to primary therapy, and iridotomy for greater safety in acute treatment. As the population ages, glaucoma tends to be increasingly prevalent, contributing to the progressive increase in trabeculectomies.