bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiodesfibrilador implantado en miocardiopatía chagásica como prevención de muerte súbita
Authors: Mar Mackow Gabriela Desiré
Published: November 2024

La enfermedad de Chagas es una de las principales endemias que afecta a países latinoamericanos en general y a la República Argentina en particular. La prevalencia en la provincia de Santa Fe no es uniforme en todo su territorio, siendo zona de alto riesgo el norte de la misma que se correlaciona con los sectores de menor nivel socioeconómico. Entre las formas clínicas de la fase crónica de esta enfermedad se encuentra la cardiopatía, la misma se asocia frecuentemente con taquiarritmia ventricular y muerte súbita. El objetivo del trabajo va dirigido a la prevención de sus dos complicaciones anteriormente mencionadas, mediante el uso de un cardiodesfibrilador implantado (ICD), evaluando sus indicaciones y recomendaciones, su efectividad a largo plazo, y posibles complicaciones, aplicándolo a un caso clínico del servicio de cardiología del Hospital Cullen.
The Correlation between Sleep Quality and Acne vulgaris Incidence in Medical Students of Universitas Tarumanagara
Authors: Adinegoro Helena Ivonne Cungse , Mano Donatila
Published: November 2024

Background: Acne vulgaris is still occurred among medical students worldwide, with a prevalence range of 34,38% to 97,9%. Acne vulgaris, which affects the pilosebaceous unit, is suspected to be related to sleep quality because it involves many hormones, including melatonin, which is associated to sleep. Melatonin can suppress androgens, which play a crucial role in Acne vulgaris pathogenesis. Besides, some studies said that melatonin has a role to suppress inflammation. Medical students also often experience poor sleep quality. Previous studies on the correlation between sleep quality and Acne vulgaris have shown varied results. Objective: This research was conducted to confirm the correlation between sleep quality and Acne vulgaris. Methods: A total of 195 medical students from Tarumanagara University classes of 2021 and 2022 participated in this study by answering the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Acne vulgaris questionnaires. Samples were taken using non-random consecutive sampling. This research used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. Results: The study found that 92 respondents (47,2%) had good sleep quality, while 103 respondents had poor sleep quality (52,8%). A total of 123 respondents (63,15) experiences Acne vulgaris. Chi-square statistical analysis using SPSS software showed a significant correlation between sleep quality and Acne vulgaris (p-value <0,05; PRR = 1,261; 95% CI = 1,261-1,576). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality can increase the risk of developing Acne vulgaris.
Characterization and application of Fe1−x
Co
x
Fe2O4 nanoparticles in Direct Red 79 adsorption
Authors: Hau Vu Thi , Linh Pham Hoai , Ha Pham Thu , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Viet Ngo Thi Mai , Dung Dang Duc , Dung Nguyen Quoc , Tran Thi Kim Ngan
Published: November 2024

Graphical abstract
Commutants of the sum of two quasihomogeneous Toeplitz operators
Authors: Bouhali Aissa , Louhichi Issam
Published: November 2024

A major open question in the theory of Toeplitz operator on the Bergman space of the unit disk of the complex plane is the complete characterization of the set of all Toeplitz operators that commute with a given operator. Researchers showed that when a sum

S
=

T

e

i
m
θ

f

+

T

e

i
l
θ

g

S={T}_{{e}^{im\theta }f}+{T}_{{e}^{il\theta }g}

, where

f

f

and

g

g

are radial functions, commutes with a sum

T
=

T

e

i
p
θ

r

(

2
M
+
1

)

p

+

T

e

i
s
θ

r

(

2
N
+
1

)

s

T={T}_{{e}^{ip\theta }{r}^{\left(2M+1)p}}+{T}_{{e}^{is\theta }{r}^{\left(2N+1)s}}

, then

S

S

must be of the form

S
=
c
T

S=cT

, where

c

c

is a constant. In this article, we will replace

r

(

2
M
+
1

)

p

{r}^{\left(2M+1)p}

and

r

(

2
N
+
1

)

s

{r}^{\left(2N+1)s}

with

r

n

{r}^{n}

and

r

d

{r}^{d}

, where

n

n

and

d

d

are in

N

{\mathbb{N}}

, and we will show that the same result holds.
Micro-mechanical tests on tissue slices of Norway spruce: tensile and shear performance
Authors: Ferrara Alessia , Wittel Falk K.
Published: November 2024

The characterization of the wood behavior at the tissue scale is still scarcely explored compared with the macroscopic scale, especially for shear. This work focuses on the mechanical properties of tissue samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Tensile and shear tests were conducted in different anatomical directions and relative humidity (RH) levels. The results provide insights into the distinct behaviors of early- and latewood and their combination within growth rings, showing the significant impact of RH on performance.
A cross-sectional survey of the safety attitudes questionnaire subscale stress recognition and the effect of non-technical skills training in operating theatre staff
Authors: Leuschner Sebastian , Schenk Philipp , Gräbsch Carolin , Siemers Frank
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Non-technical skills (NTS) training of surgical staff is a quality improvement measure to improve patient safety. One factor that can compromise patient safety is impaired staff performance due to stressors such as tiredness. Awareness of the impact of such stressors is measured by the stress recognition (SR) domain of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of this study was to assess whether NTS training improves SR scores and whether there are any groups with divergent SR scores.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of all operating theatre staff in a German major trauma centre was undertaken using the stress recognition (SR) subscale of the SAQ. A multivariable linear regression was performed to assess which factors are associated with SR scores. Data are presented as median (interquartile range).

Results

From 226 invited staff members, 89 responses (39 %) were received. Twenty-eight respondents (31 %) had attended NTS training. The overall SR score was 4.3 (3.5–4.5). There was no effect of NTS training, age, gender, profession, or specialty on SR scores. Physicians in leadership positions had lower SR scores (3.4 (3.06–4.0)) than physicians without leadership positions (4.5 (4.3–5.0), p<0.001).

Conclusions

Attendance at NTS training courses did not improve SR scores in the clinical staff of operating theatres of a German major trauma centre. Interestingly, physicians in leadership positions had lower SR scores than other physicians. Further studies using the SAQ should discriminate between physicians in leadership positions and other physicians when reporting SR scores.
Laboratory experimental of ballast–bituminous–latex–roving (Ballbilar) layer for conventional rail track structure
Authors: Setiawan Dian M. , Arifan Rusdi Sahla , Ghani Syafiq Abdul , Galihajiningtresna Wilsamilia Nurizki , Rahmawati Anita , Saleh Alfian , Syah Aminudin
Published: November 2024

Ballast structures continue to be utilized in Indonesia’s railway system. They are essential for conventional railway lines, which experience high levels of stress and are susceptible to damage from train traffic. This study examined the utilization of a pressure test machine and sieve analysis to determine the abrasion value of ballast made of 60/70 penetration asphalt with a binder and stabilizer material consisting of a mixture of latex and roving fiber. The test results revealed that the compressive strength of the ballast structure was positively affected by the addition of asphalt, latex, and roving fiber. However, when comparing the compressive strengths of the two ballast structures, the ballast structure with 2% asphalt and 3% latex generated superior results to that with 4% asphalt and 1% latex. In other words, asphalt, as opposed to latex, was more effective in protecting ballast material from abrasion.
Numerical investigation of in-band pumped holmium-doped fluoride fiber laser operating at 2.1 µm
Authors: Khamis Mustafa A.
Published: November 2024

In this study, the theoretical model of in-band pumped holmium-doped fluoride fiber laser was numerically investigated. A holmium-doped fluoride fiber is promoted for laser operating at 2.1 µm. The proposed model is based on the fundamental properties of a holmium doped fluoroindate glasses and parameters obtained from the previously published results. The model was simulated via a cladding pumped system at 2.051 µm pumping wavelength. Good validation between the suggested model with the previously published experimental measurements was achieved with considering the main transfer processes such as energy up-conversion transition and cross relaxation process. The numerical analysis indicated that the energy transfer up-conversion has a negative effect on the laser performance while the cross relaxation process causes significant enhancement on the performance of in-band pumped holmium doped fluoride fiber laser.
Comments on Jens Timmermann’s
Kant’s Will at the Crossroads: An Essay on the Failings of Practical Rationality
Authors: Liu Zuo
Published: November 2024

Jens Timmermann challenges the prevailing view that Kant held an intellectualist conception of moral failure, instead arguing that there are two distinct types of practical failure within Kantian ethics. The first type belongs to the domain of hypothetical imperatives, the second to the domain of categorical imperatives. The former can be regarded as an epistemological failure, while the latter is a failure of the will and is ultimately inexplicable. On his view, Kant therefore held a hybrid theory of practical failure. I disagree with Timmermann’s explanation, and this for two reasons. First, Timmermann follows Socrates in denying the impossibility of incontinence in the prudential realm. In reality, however, there are many situations where the agent knows that an action will contribute to his happiness but fails to do so. In other words, there is such a thing as incontinence with regard to hypothetical imperatives. Second, Timmermann’s interpretation is based on the basic assumption that hypothetical imperatives are the embodiment not of freedom but of heteronomy. However, Timmermann sometimes admits that we act freely in the pursuit of happiness. Hypothetical imperatives, in my view, are also the embodiment of human freedom because they are the activity of the human will.
Case-mismatching versus D-linking of ATB wh-questions in Korean
Authors: Kim Jeong-Seok , Kim Yoo-Jeong , Lee Jee Young
Published: November 2024

This study explores how conjunct locus and D(iscourse)-linking can improve the acceptability of Korean across-the-board (ATB) wh-questions that violate the case-match requirement of wh-fillers. A 2 × 2 design is employed – involving Korean ATB wh-questions with the first-conjunct or second-conjunct case-mismatches and with bare or D-linked wh-phrases. The results show that the first-conjunct case-licensing of a wh-filler is crucial when the wh-filler is bare, as reconstruction into the first conjunct is allowed while reconstruction into the second is not. Meanwhile, the first-conjunct case-licensing of a wh-filler is not crucial when the wh-filler is D-linked. More precisely, D-linking improves the acceptability of syntactically ill-formed ATB wh-questions which violate the first-conjunct case-licensing requirement of a wh-filler, but it does not improve the acceptability of syntactically well-formed ATB wh-questions. These results thus suggest that the amelioration effect of D-linking only occurs as a last resort when the acceptability of ATB wh-questions is degraded due to a violation of certain grammatical principles.
Neuronale Netze zur Startwertschätzung bei der Identifikation piezoelektrischer Materialparameter
Authors: Koch Kevin , Claes Leander , Jurgelucks Benjamin , Meihost Lars
Published: November 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur Identifikation eines vollständigen Satzes piezoelektrischer Materialparameter basierend auf der Messung der elektrischen Impedanz anhand eines einzelnen Probekörpers durch Lösung eines inversen Problems vorgestellt. Vorangegangene Arbeiten zeigen, dass die Regularisierung des zur Lösung eingesetzten Optimierungsverfahrens aufgrund der großen Anzahl an zu bestimmenden Materialparametern anspruchsvoll ist. Darauf aufbauend wird vorgestellt, inwiefern datenbasierte Methoden des maschinellen Lernens zu einer robusteren und effizienteren Lösung des inversen Problems beitragen können. Insbesondere eine verbesserte Startwertschätzung für den gradientenbasierten Optimierungsprozess basierend auf einem neuronalen Netz steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags. Dieses Netz wird mithilfe synthetischer Daten trainiert und approximiert die Inverse eines Simulationsmodells für die elektrische Impedanz bei gegebenen piezoelektrischen Materialparametern. Die synthetischen Trainingsdaten werden generiert, indem ein klassisches Simulationsmodell, das auch für die Lösung des inversen Problems eingesetzt wird, ausreichend oft mit randomisierten Materialparametern ausgewertet wird. Mithilfe des neuronalen Netzes werden Werte für Materialparameter bestimmt, die, basierend auf einer Auswertung der Zielfunktion des inversen Problems, das physikalische Verhalten besser beschreiben als die in vorangegangenen Arbeiten verwendeten, analytisch ermittelten Werte. Dadurch kann die Komplexität und der Rechenaufwand des anschließenden Optimierungsverfahrens signifikant reduziert werden.
Promoting internal whistleblowing in organizations
Authors:   BETA (CNRS), Lambert Eve-Angeline , Gabuthy Yannick ,   BETA (CNRS)
Published: November 2024

Internal whistleblowing refers to the decision of an employee observing a misconduct in a firm to report it through an internal channel, i.e. via a hotline or directly to an identified ombudsman. Whistleblowing is highly beneficial to firms in various ways. However, employees may be reluctant to blow the whistle, both for moral reasons and due to a fear of retaliation. Consequently, a firm aiming at encouraging whistleblowing in order to save judicial or reputation costs, fines, and to spare its reputation should consider a wide range of possible measures in addition to developing a global ethical culture.
Are Business Savings a Mediator for Culinary Tourism Development?
Authors: Sumastuti Efriyani , Amelia Dhea Rizky , Indriasari Ika
Published: November 2024

Culinary tourism significantly boosts local economies and enriches tourist experiences. This study investigates whether business savings mediate the relationship between financial literacy, profit, and culinary tourism development in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. Employing a quantitative approach with a case study design, the research involved 100 culinary business owners as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using path analysis with SmartPLS 3.0. The findings reveal that financial literacy and profit influence business savings and culinary tourism development. Furthermore, business savings mediate the relationship between financial literacy, profit, and culinary tourism development. Specifically, higher financial literacy and profits lead to increased business savings, which then facilitate investment in infrastructure, innovation, marketing, and employee training, thereby enhancing the overall development of culinary tourism. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the financial dynamics driving culinary tourism growth in Klaten. The study's implications include recommendations for policymakers, business owners, and financial institutions to design effective strategies and policies that support the sustainable growth of the culinary tourism sector.
Comparative Performance of SVM and Multinomial Naïve Bayes in Sentiment Analysis of the Film 'Dirty Vote'
Authors: Iedwan Aisha Shakila , Mauliza Nia , Pristyanto Yoga , Hartanto Anggit Dwi , Rohman Arif Nur
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze and compare the performance of two machine learning models, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multinomial Naive Bayes, in conducting sentiment analysis on YouTube comments related to the film "Dirty Vote."
Methods: The study involved collecting YouTube comments and preprocessing the data through cleaning, labeling, and feature extraction using TF-IDF. The dataset was then divided into training and testing sets in an 80:20 ratio. Both the SVM and Multinomial Naive Bayes models were trained and tested, with their performance evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics.
Result: The results revealed that both models performed well in classifying sentiments, with SVM slightly outperforming Multinomial Naive Bayes in terms of accuracy and precision. Particularly, SVM showed superior performance in detecting positive comments, making it a more reliable model for this specific sentiment analysis task.
Novelty: This study contributes to the field of sentiment analysis by providing a detailed comparative analysis of SVM and Multinomial Naive Bayes models on YouTube comments in the context of an Indonesian film. The findings highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each model, offering insights into their applicability for sentiment analysis tasks, particularly in analyzing social media content. This research also suggests potential future directions, including the exploration of advanced NLP techniques and different models to enhance sentiment analysis performance.
Laparoscopic sealing devices on animal models: searching the least harmful for the surrounding tissue
Authors: Petrut Bogdan , Bujoreanu Cristina Eliza , Hardo Vasile Vlad , Maris Cristian Vasile , Grivei Adrian , Fetica Bogdan
Published: November 2024

Background and aims. Sealing devices can produce mechanical and thermal damage to collateral tissue, with few studies analyzing these effects. However, the least harmful device for the surrounding tissue will achieve optimal functional results.
Methods. We compared the tissue damage made by different laparoscopic electro-cauterization instruments while using them as hemostatic means on the stomach and epiploon of Wistar rats, respectively on the diaphragm and urinary bladder of a porcine model. Five devices were used based on either radio frequency diathermy or ultrasound energy, with one coagulation cycle for the automatic hemostasis. Infrared thermography tracked thermal injury on the collateral tissue made by each device on the porcine model.
Results. We analyzed the collateral tissue with irreversible thermal damage caused by each sealing device with infrared thermography with ANOVA statistical test. Based on histopathological examination, we calculated the mean value of the area with edema and coagulation necrosis caused by these maneuvers of hemostasis as a pattern of tissue damage around the sealing mark of every hemostatic device.
Conclusions. Compared with bipolar sealing devices, ultrasound-based devices offered better collateral tissue preservation, with the smallest damaging temperature spread, on animal models. Further research on ultrasound vs. bipolar sealing devices used as hemostatic tools could more accurately assess their impact on functional outcomes in real life surgery setting.
Efficiency of a new type of plasticizer for cementing solutions
Authors: Orlovskyi Vitalii , Bileckyy Volodymyr , Malovanyy Myroslav
Published: November 2024

As of today, oil and gas wells are 6,000 m deep or more. In view of this, increased requirements are imposed on the grouting materials used in wells. Grouting fluids must have rheological properties with low values of dynamic shear stress (τ) and plastic viscosity (η). Reducing the values of τ and η will provide a turbulent flow regime of cementing fluids, which is favourable in terms of complete replacement of the washing fluid with the cementing fluid. In the course of the research, it was found that the Melamine-Formaldehyde Anionic-active Resin superplasticiser is a reagent that has a multifunctional effect on cementing dispersions. This makes it possible to use it in difficult geological and technical conditions for well cementing.
Public Health Implications of Pesticide Residues in Food: Risks, Regulations, and Interventions
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Sawyer Wisdom Ebiye , Nabebe Godgift ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria., Izah Sylvester Chibueze ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria
Published: November 2024

Pesticides enter food primarily through direct application to crops during farming, where residues can remain on the surface or be absorbed into plant tissues. Additionally, pesticide drift from nearby treated areas and contamination of soil or water used for irrigation can introduce residues into food crops, further increasing the risk of exposure. This paper focuses on the public health implications of pesticide residues in food. The paper found that pesticide residues in food pose significant public health challenges, with potential risks ranging from acute toxicity to chronic health issues such as cancer, endocrine disruption, and neurological disorders. Vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant women, and the elderly, are particularly at risk. Effective regulation and monitoring become crucial as the agricultural sector relies heavily on pesticides for crop protection. Regulatory bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) play crucial roles in setting Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) to ensure food safety. However, implementing these regulations faces obstacles, particularly in developing countries, where resource constraints, lack of technical expertise, and socio-economic factors impede effective monitoring. Integrating pest management (IPM), advanced monitoring techniques and consumer education are essential to mitigate the risks posed by pesticide residues. The global harmonization of pesticide standards and continued research into safer alternatives and residue detection methods are critical for ensuring a secure food supply. As agricultural practices evolve, a multi-stakeholder approach involving policymakers, farmers, and consumers will be vital in reducing pesticide exposure and safeguarding public health.
The Effects of Inhaling Cement Particles on Some Coagulation Parameters of Bricklayers and Blockmakers in Owo Ondo State Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria., Oke Olusegun Taiwo , Ikuerowo Samuel Oluwagbenga , Obazee Dorcas Yetunde , AdeAdenuga Jacob Olaitan , Oke Josephine Ayodeji , Elujoba Samson Olufemi , Ajao Oluwadare Amos
Published: November 2024

Background: Economic development alters the natural environment and sometimes harms ecosystems in terms of the humanly useful services they provide, their diversity, and their resilience. We are coming to understand that all of this has significant consequences for human health. Environmental health has been understood as a public health issue in relation to air quality, water quality, and exposure to environmental pollutants that are toxic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic or are chemically bioactive in other ways. Aim: This study investigates the effect of inhaling cement particles on some coagulation profiles among the brick layers and block makers in Owo, Ondo State. Method: This was cross-sectional descriptive and analysis of 50 brick layers and block makers together with 50 non brick layers nor block makers that serve as controls. Results: The results from the study shows a statistically significant increase in platelet count (p<0.05) when compared to the control, while a statistically significant reduced time of PT and APTT were recorded (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant results when the years of exposure were considered as shown in table 2 (p>0.05) Conclusion: The results of this work shows that exposure to cement particles exposes the workers to hypercoagulability which is a tendency to thrombosis, thromboembolism and can also leads to cardiovascular disease.
Microwave-assisted preparation of yeast cells for ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy
Authors: Mayer Moritz , Schug Christina , Geimer Stefan , Klecker Till , Westermann Benedikt
Published: November 2024

Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a model organism to study the biogenesis and architecture of organellar membranes, which can be visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Preparation of yeast cells for TEM can be quite challenging and time-consuming. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for conventional fixation of yeast cells with potassium permanganate combined with cell wall permeabilization with sodium metaperiodate and embedding in Epon. We have replaced time-consuming incubation steps by short treatments with microwaves and developed a microwave-assisted permanganate fixation and Epon embedding protocol that reduces the time required for sample preparation to one working day. We expect that these protocols will be useful for routine analysis of membrane ultrastructure in yeast.
The prevalence of malnutrition in patients requiring total joint arthroplasty in a South African tertiary hospital
Authors: Almeida R , Mokete L , Sikhauli N , Cakic J , Pietrzak J
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: With the global increase in total joint arthroplasty (TJA), including total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there has been a parallel increase in complications. Optimising modifiable risk factors preoperatively can limit the impact of postoperative complications. Malnutrition is one such modifiable risk factor. With limited evidence regarding malnutrition in patients undergoing TJA in South Africa, we sought to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients presenting for TJA at a single institution in South Africa. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among patients presenting to a South African tertiary institution for TJA, and to determine the relationship between malnutrition and comorbidities and demographics. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 414 patients presenting for the first time to an arthroplasty unit over a 15-month period. Patients presenting for primary TJA, revision TJA, and patients presenting for fractured neck of femur (FNF) were included. Serological testing of albumin < 35 g/L and/or low transferrin (< 2 g/L) were used to diagnose malnutrition. The relationship between demographic data, comorbidities, presentation for type of TJA, and malnutrition were evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 414 patients were included. The mean age was 61.1 ± 10.95 years, and 75% (n = 311) were female. Patients presenting for elective TJA composed 88% (n = 366) of the study population, with 12% (n = 48) patients referred for FNF. The mean BMI was 33.3 ± 8.15 kg/m2. The prevalence of malnutrition was 11% (n = 47). Patients presenting for elective TJA had a prevalence of malnutrition of 6% (n = 23), compared to patients presenting with FNF of 50% (n = 24). Hypertension (45%, n = 18), HIV (19%, n = 9), diabetes mellitus (18%, n = 7), chronic kidney disease (18%, n = 7) and inflammatory arthritis (15%, n = 6) were the most common comorbidities in patients with malnutrition. Patients with malnutrition had a higher mean age (p = 0.024), lower mean haemoglobin (p < 0.001), lower mean BMI (p = 0.047) and a lower CD4 in HIV-positive patients (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malnutrition of 11% in this cohort of South African patients presenting for TJA is similar to published results from developed countries. There is a need for high-powered prospective studies to determine the viability of routine preoperative nutritional testing or limit testing of high-risk patients. Level of evidence: Level 4
Microbiology of unresolved bone infection: is it recurrence or recalcitrance?
Authors: Jansen van Rensburg A , Tsang S , Venter R , Epstein G , Ferreira N
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Bone infections are dreaded complications and remain a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Unresolved bone infection is caused by a broad spectrum of microorganisms; however, a few microorganisms persist from the initial infection. There are no published series reporting the microbiology in unresolved bone infection in low- or middle-income countries. This study aims to review the recurrence and recalcitrance of microorganisms in unresolved bone infection in the South African setting. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective cohort study reviews patients who underwent revision eradication surgery for unresolved bone infection between June 2016 and March 2023. Recalcitrance of bone infection was defined as the persistence of the same species of pathogen isolated at the time of index eradication surgery for bone infection. Recurrence was defined as a change in pathogen profile at the time of revision infection eradication surgery. RESULTS: Eleven patients had unresolved bone infections following eradication surgery. There were eight males and three females, with a mean age of 43.27 years (± 12.64 SD, range 25-58). The anatomical sites most frequently affected were the tibia (6/11, 55%) and femur (3/11, 27%). There is no statistically significant difference in the number of single species yielded (p = 0.586), polymicrobial species yielded (p = 1.0) or negative yield (p = 0.635) at secondary surgery. There is no similarity in the distribution of microorganisms at index surgery and secondary surgery. The causative pathogen for cases of unresolved bone infection had a higher probability to be different from the initial isolate obtained at the time of index surgery (73%), representing recurrence rather than persistence of the original infection. CONCLUSION: This study reported a higher probability of encountering different species of microorganisms at secondary surgery as opposed to the recurrence of similar species. The culture obtained at index surgery is not a reliable predictor of microorganisms involved in unresolved bone infection. Therefore, new deep specimens are always required to determine the causative microorganism of unresolved bone infection. Level of evidence: 4
Pictures of the world of Slavic peoples: Specificity of representation in modern linguodidactic discourse
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kurjanovich Anna V. , Serebrennikova Elena A. ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2024

The study of means and methods of objectifying the picture of the world in texts of different discursive affiliations is an urgent and promising task of modern linguistic research. Lingvodidactic discourse embodies the attitudes of communicants associated with their attention to learning a foreign language. The discursive picture of the world presented in linguodidactic texts reflects the specificity of a particular linguistic culture, focused on reception of speakers of other languages. The article aims at identifying universal concepts that are active in all national discursive pictures of the world, as well as less stable concepts that are more characteristic of specific linguistic cultures. The material for analysis is modern textbooks of Slavic languages (Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Polish, Ukrainian, and Czech) as foreign ones. The content analysis of textual information is used to identify the concepts structuring the linguodidactic discursive picture of the world. Among them, the concepts chelovek, yazyk are common to the conceptual content of all analyzed texts. The range of lexemes representing them is made up of the most frequent units. This fact is determined by the common understanding of the world, formed by pagan mythology, the proximity of territories, and the kinship of languages. A particular emphasis is placed on the role of discourse, which determines the promotion of a person’s position as a native speaker, focused on getting to know someone else’s linguistic culture. Concepts that are primarily characteristic of a specific national discursive picture of the world (for example, the concept priroda in Belarusian linguistic culture) are distinguished by a greater degree of national-historical conditionality. Their representation involves lexical units that are less frequent in linguodidactic texts. The proposed methodology for analyzing the discursive picture of the world is assessed as productive, facilitating the implementation of multi-aspect cross-cultural research.
The specificity of the linguistic landscape of the Slovenes in Italy (the Torre and Natizone valleys)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yasinskaya Maria V.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the linguistic landscape of Slavia Friulana on the example of the towns of Cividale del Friuli, San Pietro al Natizone, Lusevera, Prossenicco, etc., where the Slovenian ethnic minority lives compactly in a Romance environment. The author pays special attention to the Slovenian language and its presence in the region – in cultural centers, churches, memorial epigraphies, and road signs. The Slovenian trace can also be found in the names of traditional pastries of the Friuli-Venezia-Giulia region – gubana, gubanza, as the word itself is borrowed from Slovenian into Italian. The term is used extensively in the nomination of shops, cafes, on menu boards/dispays. The author also analyzes other languages significant for the linguistic landscape: the predominant Italian, Friulian, French (which is present in the region due to historical reasons – memories of labor migration to Belgium), and English, which has recently emerged due to the growing tourism. Though almost all Slovenes in the region speak Italian and Friulian and do not speak the standard of the Slovenian literary language, the presence of inscriptions in their own language (namely in its dialectal form) means much for them, since it marks their presence and right to live in the territory. Thus, its function is rather symbolic, than informative.
The concept of “quarrel” in the history of the Rusin language
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Tolstik Svetlana A.
Published: November 2024

The linguistic representation of various concepts of a particular national linguistic picture of the world is relevant in modern linguistics. Ssora is one of the options for significant negative relationships in society; therefore, the linguistic representation of this concept is in the sphere of interests of linguists. The article presents the history of the formation of the concept ssora in the Rusin language. A comparative-historical and linguistic-geographical analysis of the Rusin synonymous series has revealed that the core part of the linguistic expression of the concept under study includes nouns with the root vad- (zvada, vada, izvada, svazha), as well as their single-root native vocabulary. The dominant of the analyzed synonymous series of nouns is the prefixed substantive zvada. The center of the concept is the words close to the core kotora ‘ssora, razdor’, ‘dryazgi’ and prya ‘infighting, discord’, ‘squabble’, ‘battle’. On the periphery there are gnivy, kolotnya, nezgodiny, nezlagoda, which have the meaning ‘quarrel’ as figurative and reflecting mainly minor squabbles. From the Proto-Slavic and East Slavic periods, i/z/vada, prya, having the original meaning of ‘quarrel’, are preserved, later inherited as a result of diglossia from the from Church Slavonic. The latest areal layer with the figurative meaning ‘quarrel’ are kolotnya, nezlagoda, nezgodiny and gnivy.
The variability of anthroponyms in epitaphs in the minority languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pilipenko Gleb P. , Borisov Sergej A. ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses the peculiarities of the anthroponyms in memorial inscriptions, which have not been analyzed by linguists and ethnographers before. The authors colleted data for the study during their field research in 2016–2023 in the northern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the area of Banja Luka, Prnjavor, Gradiška, and Prijedor. The authors documented the cemeteries in the places of compact settlement of minority communities who have been living in a South Slavic environment since the end of the 19th century, namely Ukrainian, Czech, and Italian settlements and cemeteries. The epitaphs are an example of “naive writing”: their authors often do not know the norms of the corresponding literary language, so the epitaphs contain the features of the first settlers’ original dialects. In particular, Ukrainian inscriptions contain prostheses, transmission of [γ] as X, variability in the writing of etymological I and E, the writing of feminine adjectival surnames with the masculine ending; Czech inscriptions demonstrate variability in the spelling of Y and I; Italian inscriptions show the simplification of double consonants. Such memorial inscriptions with anthroponyms indicating national specificity make visible the presence of these minority communities in the linguistic landscape. In addition, the dialect features in anthroponyms allow communities to relate themselves to the original migration zone. In the future, the authors plan to analyze the dialect and contact phenomena of all the items of the epitaphs.
Political neologisms in the Internet
Authors:   Catholic University in Ružomberok, Sabolova Drahomira
Published: November 2024

The article analyses some new lexical units related to the politics. Since politics attracts a great deal of public interest, some phenomena are commented on not only by politicians, but also by non-politicians. The author focuses on new vocabulary that appeared to reflect the mood and situation in contemporary Slovakian society (mainly in the last decade). Most of the studied new forms, especially those formed on the basis of anthroponyms, refer to the period of the coronavirus pandemic and result from the critical attitude of the public to the measures taken (which were much stricter than in other countries). New lexical units with their semantics convey a changing attitude to separate manifestations of ideology, politics, and new reality. The author analyzes the lexicon of the Slovak language and, if there are equivalents of Slovak units in the Czech language, provides units of the Czech language with comments and examples of the use. The article discusses not only the identification of new units, but also the possibility of transferring new forms by means of the Russian language. The author identifies two groups of units: names of the first group are based on common nouns and generally are not difficult to translate. Names of the second group, mainly nonce-words, may cause problems in translation. The author comes up with possible variants of Russianlanguage equivalents for such nonce-words and concludes that when translating this kind of new forms, it is necessary to take into account their context, where words and expressions may acquire completely opposite meanings. The importance of taking background knowledge into account when analysing and translating vocabulary is also emphasized.
Interethnic division of labor in Volhynia according to the 1897 census*
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Zinoviev Vasiliy P. , Sulyak Sergey G. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Semenov Juriy V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: November 2024

This article aims at identifying the phenomenon of interethnic division of labor in Volhynia. Based on the 1897 census data, the authors prove that though the interethnic division of labor, based on different ways of life support for ethnic groups, was essential for the eastern regions of the empire, it was an insignificant phenomenon for Volhynia. The 1897 census recorded a total of 2,989,482 people in the province, including 703,477 economically active persons and 2,286,005 persons living at their expense. The main occupation in the province was agriculture, which ensured the expanded reproduction of the workforce: 407,215 (57.9% of all those employed in the national economy) independent farmers provided for themselves and 1,812,773 family members (dependents), or in other words, one fed another 4.5 people. Farmers covered the shortage of personnel in other industries in both rural and urban areas. In addition to agriculture, 74,952 (10.7%) were engaged in industry, 63,956 (9.1%) in services, 42,002 (6.0%) in trade, and 9,195 (1.3%) in transport. 5,329 people or 0.8% of all workers were employed in regional administration, and 8,446 or 1.2 % – in cultural institutions, education, science, and medical care; 6,088 people or about 0.9 % in religious cults, 49,793 people or 7.1% of all employed in the armed forces. By the end of the 19th century, the interethnic division of labor in Volhynia was formed as a result of political and economic factors. The Slavic, Turkic, and German population had similar employment structures, with agriculture predominant. Germans, Czechs, and Belarusians were poorly integrated into the urban community. Little Russians, who made up 2,095,579 people, that is, the majority of the population of the province, played secondary roles in the cities, numbering 46,060 people or about 20% of the city dwellers. Jews, limited in their ability to engage in agriculture, made up half of the population of the cities, and were also concentrated in shtetls that did not have city status; their main occupations were crafts (34.9%), trade (32.8%), services (11.7%), education and culture (9.7%). The Great Russian population performed the main connecting economic, cultural, and administrative functions.
From paper to online dictionary: Development of user’s lexicographical culture
Authors:   RUDN University, Sheypak Svetlana A.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the structure of the digital lexicographical culture and contrasts two perspectives: the perspective of a lexicographer of a digital dictionary and the perspective of a user of this dictionary. The digital dictionary culture is examined from a user’s perspective, and dictionary skills are considered as a response to the expansion of the functionalities of digital resources. If lexicographers increase the number of open access online dictionaries and deliberately overload their entries with additional content, one needs to understand what competences users should master to select a reliable dictionary and to retrieve required information effectively. In the current literature on dictionary use, the most important criteria of a good dictionary for users are authority, reliability, and up-to-date content. Integration of multimedia features in the dictionary entry is less important for users. These criteria are discussed in the article for eight open-access French dictionaries with different types of online interface: bilingual (Yandex, Google, Multitran, Reverso) and monolingual (Wiktionnaire, Larousse, Robert, Trésor de la langue française informatisé). The criterion of reliability as the most valued is specified in the article for French dictionaries. A comparative analysis of the microstructure of these dictionaries reveals that five dictionaries satisfy the criteria of authority and reliability. If these criteria are not sufficient for selecting a dictionary, the reasons for selection might be based on expanding affordances of digital dictionaries. The entry in an authoritative online dictionary with reliable and up-to-date content includes optional elements or elements that are not characteristic for printed dictionaries. By expanding their functionalities, online dictionaries are becoming more than only a reference tool, as they have been in print-only days, but are turning into educational resources and resources for linguistic research. Exhaustive examples and hyperlinks to external resources included in a dictionary entry allow the users to form linguistic corpora for synchronic and diachronic studies. Expanding affordances that digital dictionaries give to users entails expanding the digital lexicographical culture. Users need linguistic competences to select a reliable digital dictionary, and pragmatic competences enable them to successfully deal with the reference as well as educational or research dictionary resources for diverse tasks they require. The article concludes that digital dictionary skills are necessary for users in order to use all affordances provided by lexicographers, and these skills should be purposefully taught. The complexity of dictionary functionalities requires a mediator that would engage in the dialogue between the lexicographer and the user, and would share with them the responsibility for the effective dictionary use.
Biblical expressions of the East Slavic languages in a comparative lexicographic representation
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mokienko Valery M. , Nikitina Tatiana G. ,   Pskov State University
Published: November 2024

The article presents the concept of a comparative dictionary of biblical expressions of the East Slavic languages. The dictionary research project is being implemented by the members of the phraseological seminar of St Petersburg University under the guidance of Professor Valery Mokienko. The purpose of the designed dictionary is to reflect the international character of most biblical winged words and expressions, as well as the specifics of the phrases that arose in each of the East Slavic languages on the basis of biblical plots and images. At the moment, this material has been only fragmentarily studied in a comparative aspect and requires large-scale lexicographic development. Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian Christian texts (Old and New Testaments, non-canonical apocrypha and legends), monolingual (East Slavic) and multilingual dictionaries of biblical texts were sources of material for a comparative dictionary; examples of the use of these units in modern speech were selected in the national corpora of Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian languages, on Internet media sites, on social networks, in messengers (2020– 2024). The formed material bank includes more than 2 thousand correlative biblical words and expressions in three East Slavic languages. The results of the historical-typological, structural-semantic and contextual analyses of this material are presented in the corresponding parametric zones of dictionary entries, which is shown by examples. The comparative method made it possible to state the similarities and differences of the correlative units in the three languages, which are reflected in the dictionary entry by particular graphic signs. Special attention is paid to the semantic development of biblical expressions: the article presents a lexicographic model of the comparative reflection of their polysemy. The authors’ point of view on the issue of innovative parameters of the dictionary is argued: the expediency of including records of dialect speech reflecting folk interpretations of the biblical text in the illustrative zone of the entry is proved. The possibilities of placing and commenting on biblical expressions’ modern transformations, which are ambiguously evaluated by linguists, in a special parametric zone of the entry are also shown. It is emphasized that the projected dictionary will fill a gap in the East Slavic biblical lexicography, provide valuable linguistic and cultural material to researchers of the East Slavic language space, and also become a useful reference source that will serve to enhance the culture of speech and a deep understanding of the biblical linguistic heritage by native speakers of the East Slavic languages.