bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive destination image formation among first-time Chinese tourists
Authors: Nematpour Mohammad (Amir) , Ghaderi Zahed , Ghaffari Mohammad , Zare Hamid , Mohammadkazemi Reza
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study explores the formation process of cognitive destination image among first-time Chinese millennial tourists visiting Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a comprehensive mixed-method exploratory approach, blending qualitative and quantitative methodologies, we aim to construct a conceptual model explaining the complex process of tourists’ cognitive destination image development. In the qualitative phase, interviews with 15 Chinese millennials unveiled key factors such as perceived behavioral control, perceived product quality, on-site involvement, engagement, and prior destination image as fundamental influencers of tourists’ cognitive destination image. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase, involving a questionnaire survey with 229 first-time Chinese travelers, we proposed a conceptual model to validate our primary findings.

Findings

The results highlight the emergence of on-travel cognitive image as a developmental concept originating from tourists' on-site participation and pre-existing perceptions of the destination. Moreover, we identified perceived behavioral control as the primary antecedent of millennials’ image formation, directly affecting the destination’s image development. Furthermore, increased involvement and engagement were found to diminish perceived behavioral control. Additionally, perceived product quality prompted millennials to engage more with cultural attractions and activities, enriching their in-situ image.

Practical implications

The findings offer valuable insights for destination managers, enabling them to construct tailored strategies to augment the cognitive destination image.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel understanding of the cognitive destination image formation process among Chinese millennial tourists, highlighting the crucial role of perceived behavioral control, involvement, engagement, and perceived product quality. These insights can guide destination managers in enhancing the overall tourist experience and destination appeal.
The integration of entrepreneurial marketing processes and controls
Authors: Neill Stern , Dang Li
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the evolving relationship between entrepreneurial marketing (EM) processes and control mechanisms across three phases of opportunity development: exploration, evaluation and exploitation. By examining how control mechanisms respond to the uncertainties inherent in each phase, this research illustrates how controls emerge and adapt, enabling entrepreneurs to effectively navigate the challenges specific to each stage of their venture’s growth.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative, inductive approach, this study uses semistructured interviews with founders of nine high-growth, early-stage startups based in California. The selected ventures vary by industry and business model but share early market traction. The Gioia methodology, a structured inductive approach for theme development, guides data analysis, revealing how control mechanisms evolve to address the challenges of each EM phase.

Findings

Controls adapt across the EM phases, becoming progressively structured to manage uncertainties. In the exploration phase, controls are belief-driven and flexible, guiding resource allocation and framing opportunity spaces. During evaluation, controls become more structured, aligning market feedback with product-market fit. In the exploitation phase, controls focus on scalability and efficiency, supporting alignment between strategic objectives and operational capabilities.

Originality/value

This research provides novel insights by demonstrating that controls do not stifle opportunity development but rather evolve with it. The findings contribute to theory and practice at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface, offering a nuanced understanding of the role of controls in supporting the EM process.
Playing to win: enhancing programme success through more frequent use of competitive analysis
Authors: Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Competition is one of the least used social marketing principles. Yet, an assessment of direct competition is one of the key factors defining social marketing from other behavioural change approaches. This paper aims to synthesise literature from evidence reviews assessing the extent that competitive analysis has been undertaken. This paper contributes a new competitive analysis method that can be incorporated within the seven-step co-design process delivering an alternative tool that social marketers can consider. Competition assessment enables social marketers to identify cooperators, share resources and ultimately enhance social marketing programme success.

Design/methodology/approach

A synthesis on competition assessments reported in 30 evidence review studies is provided. This paper offers a new competition analysis method that can be applied to undertake competitive assessments demonstrating likes, dislikes and other ideas, which can be gathered during the sensitisation phase of co-design.

Findings

Out of the 1,795 papers suitable for title/abstract screening, 30 evidence reviews assessing extent of competition use or extracting detail on competition from selected studies in the review were included in this umbrella review. Heterogeneity was evident, with reviews concluding between 0% and 100% competition use. Social marketers generally lack resources and can benefit from an easy way of defining and examining competition and this can be done by considering only direct competition.

Research limitations/implications

This rapid review synthesises the author’s views and is limited to studies identified within the 30 evidence reviews considered. Future research directions are outlined.

Practical implications

Competitive assessments are akin to standing on the shoulders of giants. Competitive assessments allow you to identify what individuals like and do not likev and potential cooperators that can be partnered with to reduce noise, which can better support people to make choices that achieve intended programme outcomes and deliver benefits to individuals.

Social implications

Increased utilisation of the competition criteria will help to avoid costly failures ensuring that social marketers have improved odds of programme success. Through identifying programmes that are currently available, which people like, social marketers can establish partnerships to share resources driving more effort to delivering outcomes.

Originality/value

This paper offers a new competition assessment method for resource constrained social marketers that can be incorporated into the Trischler et al. (2019) seven-step co-design process. Increased application of competition will enhance social marketing effectiveness.
Digital uptake of small peripheral Australian businesses: facilitating and inhibiting factors
Authors: Burgess Jacqueline , de Klerk Saskia , Blake Jacqueline , Birch Dawn
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This research explores the skills, attitudes and knowledge of micro and small businesses in the peripheral high growth region of Moreton Bay in southeast Queensland that would enable these businesses to adopt and use new business technology.

Design/methodology/approach

Sixteen in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants recruited via snowball sampling and utilised in conjunction with the Queensland government’s Digital Scorecard survey data. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, NVivo 12 and a phenomenographic approach.

Findings

All micro and small business owners understood the value of new business technology and expressed a positive attitude towards its uptake but felt constrained by a lack of knowledge, time and resources. Thus, they require targeted and local guidance and tools to minimize the demands on their time of implementation, which has implications for policymakers, governments and educators.

Originality/value

Past studies on micro and small businesses adopting new technology have either looked at large regions or specific types of technology leaving the technological skills, attitudes and knowledge gaps of micro and small businesses in peripheral regions unexamined. This research aims to fill that gap by studying a specific high growth peripheral region, Moreton Bay, on the edge of the greater Brisbane city area. We recommend a phased approach to developing digital skills, adopting technology and appropriate support programs for each stage.
The decision to frisk: an exploration of the impact of suspect demeanor and demographic factors on pedestrian stops
Authors: Farrell Chelsea
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study explores how suspect demeanor impacts the decision to frisk a suspect during a pedestrian stop and whether the impact of demeanor on the decision to frisk varies by race/ethnicity and gender.

Design/methodology/approach

The2018–2023 NYPD stop, question and frisk data are used to examine the role of demeanor and suspect characteristics on the decision to frisk using a series of hierarchical logistic regression models.

Findings

Results indicate suspect demeanor (i.e. calm, nervous and aggression/noncompliance) impacts the decision to frisk, net of stop rationale. Demographic factors were found to moderate the effect of some demeanors on frisk decisions. For example, calm suspects are less likely to be frisked broadly, but interactions revealed that calm men are significantly less likely than calm women to be frisked and calm non-Hispanic Whites are less likely to be frisked than calm Black and Black Hispanic suspects.

Originality/value

Despite courts upholding suspect demeanor as a legitimate factor for police to consider when establishing reasonable suspicion, examinations of demeanor are missing from research on stop and frisks. This study highlights the importance of incorporating suspect demeanor in research on pedestrian stops to better understand assessments of reasonable suspicion that someone is armed and dangerous.
Police cynicism: a state-of-the-art literature review
Authors: Roberts Rhiannon , Castillo Isabella E. , White David R. , Schafer Joseph
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The level of cynicism officers experience can directly impact their day-to-day decisions, especially in policing’s currently strained climate. This paper provides an updated systematic review of the predictors, outcomes and conceptualizations of police cynicism within the relevant literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. Results from the 56 articles published after Langworthy’s 1987 systematic review are included. It was hypothesized that due to the current climate, police cynicism may be more discussed within the literature, especially when examined with the “Ferguson Effect.”

Findings

Researchers conceptualize police cynicism in various ways outside the traditional measures. Officers who were more cynical were more likely to maintain tougher law enforcement orientations and may have been more likely to engage in problem behaviors. Lack of internal support was related to organizational cynicism. Support for the Ferguson effect and demographic-related variables (tenure, racial identity and gender) on police cynicism yielded mixed findings despite the field’s inclination of their augmenting impact.

Research limitations/implications

More research needs to be conducted on operationalizing and conceptualizing police cynicism. Researchers should establish standardized measures of police cynicism to help disaggregate results, as well as recruit from multiple agencies to increase generalizability.

Originality/value

This review is the first literature review conducted on police cynicism since Langworthy’s 1987 review. Exploring data post-1987 illustrates contemporary conceptualizations of police cynicism and related significant findings.
Content validity of the Handwriting Assessment Battery (HAB‐v6) for use with adults with acquired brain injury (ABI): An international Delphi study
Authors: D'Cunha Christiana , Christie Lauren J. , McCluskey Annie , Cahill Liana S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Occupational therapists are responsible for assessing adult handwriting following stroke and other acquired brain injuries. The Handwriting Assessment Battery (HAB) was developed for use as a diagnostic assessment tool and outcome measure. The current study aimed to investigate the content validity of version six of the Handwriting Assessment Battery (HAB‐v6).

Methods

A three round, online‐Delphi study was conducted with an international group of expert clinicians and academics experienced in adult handwriting assessment and/or retraining. In round one, participants rated the importance of HAB‐v6 domains and the six subtests and recommended modifications to administration and/or scoring procedures. In rounds two and three, participants were re‐presented with several HAB‐v6 domains where consensus was not reached and rated the importance of suggested modifications from round one. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.

Consumer and Community Involvement

Consumers and community members were not involved in this study.

Results

Fifteen participants from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, Israel, and Australia completed round one of the Delphi, 11 participants completed round two, and 15 participants completed round three. In round one, high consensus (>70% participant agreement) was achieved regarding the importance of 5/6 subtests of the HAB‐v6; suggestions were made to modify three subtests and add new subtests. In round two, high consensus (>70% agreement) was achieved on three proposed revisions: adding two subtests and modifying instructions for the copying subtest. In round three, low consensus regarding inclusion of the dots drawing subtest remained.

Conclusion

Based on the Delphi process, the content of five of six subtests of the HAB‐v6 are valid for use by occupational therapists and others to measure adult handwriting performance, with the exception of the dots subtest, where consensus was not reached.
Lower dry weight is associated with post‐hemodialysis hypokalemia
Authors: Sunagawa Daigo , Imamura Yoshihiko , Matsumura Saeko , Inoue Hiromitsu , Wakabayashi Hayato , Hayashi Toshihide , Takahashi Yasunori , Joki Nobuhiko
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Serum potassium levels <3 mEq/L at post‐hemodialysis (HD) are closely associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify high‐risk patients with post‐HD hypokalemia after regular HD using potassium (2 mEq/L) dialysate solution.

Methods

A total of 129 patients receiving HD and 1121 HD sessions were enrolled in this single‐center retrospective cross‐sectional study. The association of post‐HD hypokalemia less than 3 mEq/L with patient background, as well as each dialysis session was investigated.

Results

Approximately 16% of 129 patients and 10% of 1121 sessions showed post‐HD hypokalemia. In per‐patient analysis, more inpatients and lower dry weight were found in the hypokalemia group compared with the non‐hypokalemia group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that lower dry weight was significantly associated with higher risk of hypokalemia independent of inpatients (p < 0.01). To determine the best cut‐off value of pre‐HD potassium for identifying post‐HD hypokalemia, receiver operating curve analysis was performed in per‐session analysis. The results showed that the optimal pre‐HD potassium cut‐off value was 4.2 mEq/L. In the 250 sessions below the optimal cut‐off value for post‐HD hypokalemia development, 28.8% of sessions with potassium correction showed post‐HD hypokalemia, compared to 40.8% of sessions without potassium correction. Although numerically lower, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.125).

Conclusion

Our results indicated that a relatively lower dry weight was more likely to complicate post‐HD hypokalemia. Potassium supplementation for high‐risk patients during HD sessions may be needed to prevent post‐HD hypokalemia.
Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Alleviates Testicular Aging Induced by Disruption of Qprt‐Dependent NAD+ De Novo Synthesis in Mice
Authors: Xu Yining , Wang Huan , Li Hui , Wei Chenlu , Zhu Zhenye , Zhao Yanqing , Zhu Jiajia , Lei Min , Sun Yingpu , Yang Qingling
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have shown that disruptions in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) de novo synthesis pathway accelerate ovarian aging, yet its role in spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of the NAD+ de novo synthesis pathway on spermatogenesis by generating Qprt‐deficient mice using CRISPR‐Cas9 to target quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (Qprt), a key enzyme predominantly expressed in spermatocytes. Our results revealed that the deletion of Qprt did not affect NAD+ levels or spermatogenesis in the testes of 3‐month‐old mice. However, from 6 months of age onward, Qprt‐deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced NAD+ levels in the testes compared to wild‐type (WT) controls, along with a notable decrease in germ cell numbers and increased apoptosis. Additionally, these mice demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in spermatocytes, impaired progression through prophase I of meiosis, defective double‐strand break (DSB) repair, and abnormal meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Importantly, supplementation with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) in Qprt‐deficient mice restored NAD+ levels and rescued the spermatogenic defects. These findings underscore the critical role of NAD+ de novo synthesis in maintaining NAD+ homeostasis and highlight its importance in meiotic recombination and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in spermatogenesis.
Pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis: navigating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
Authors: Jassal Shalvin , Oza Ishani , Gibcus William C. , Crispin Melanie
Published: February 2025

Background

Pneumatosis intestinalis, characterised by the presence of intramural bowel gas, is a radiological finding with varied clinical implications, ranging from incidental detection to severe underlying pathology, including bowel ischaemia or perforation. Its association with systemic sclerosis, a connective tissue disorder, remains rare and poorly understood, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing 34 documented cases of pneumatosis intestinalis associated with systemic sclerosis, examining demographic profiles, clinical features, diagnostic findings, and outcomes of various management strategies.

Results

Pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis predominantly occurs in older female patients and is associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility and microvascular damage. Symptoms range from asymptomatic presentations to severe abdominal pain with obstructive symptoms, with the latter increasing the likelihood of surgical intervention. Non‐operative management, encompassing antibiotic therapy, oxygen supplementation, and dietary modifications, was associated with favourable outcomes and the lowest mortality. In contrast, surgical intervention, often necessitated by suspected ischemia or perforation, was associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion

Pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis is a complex clinical entity demanding a nuanced, multi‐disciplinary approach to management. Non‐operative management should remain the cornerstone of treatment for clinically stable presentations, with surgery reserved for those with clear indications. The absence of standardised guidelines underscores the need for further research to refine diagnostic criteria and therapeutic protocols, ultimately improving long‐term outcomes in this complex intersection of gastrointestinal and systemic disease.
How protective are border carbon taxes for Canadian industry? The critical role of US emissions pricing
Authors: Böhringer Christoph , Rutherford Thomas F. , Stewart Eric
Published: February 2025

Border carbon taxes are considered as an important instrument to promote sustainable practices abroad and to level the playing field for domestic emission‐intensive and trade‐exposed (EITE) industries. We find that US emissions pricing plays a critical role in the effectiveness of border carbon taxes in protecting the international competitiveness of Canadian EITE producers. Border carbon taxes are more effective when the US follows the other OECD countries with stringent CO2 emissions pricing than when the US abstains from emissions pricing. In the latter case, border carbon taxes reduce the competitiveness of Canadian EITE export supply to the US (Canada's most important export destination), weakening the initial protective effect of border carbon taxes on the Canadian domestic market.
Colorimetry in food analysis using digital imaging system
Authors: Sabat Mousumi , Shelake Pramod , Kotwaliwale Nachiket
Published: February 2025

A non‐destructive, user‐friendly, portable colour measurement system was developed using the MATLAB interface that gives acceptable results with any imaging sensor. Digital images captured by the imaging sensor were used to obtain quantitative colour information in three formats, namely, RGB, XYZ and CIELAB. The zoom‐in feature is useful for obtaining detailed colour features of the image, while cropping of the region of interest aids in reducing the image matrix and, ultimately, the computational power required. Quantitative information on the colour value of the product (both average and region to region) can be obtained in all three formats (i.e., RGB, XYZ and CIELAB). It also gives the three closest Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) values of the product. The accuracy of the measurement system was first validated against a standard colour chart then it was tested using three image sensors of different configurations. Coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error values of 0.983 and 3.391 for L*, 0.994 and 1.851 for a* and 0.996 and 2.042 for b*, respectively, were obtained during performance evaluation. Similarly, when different imaging sensors were used for colour determination, the colour values showed no significant variation for all tested samples (i.e., various fruits and vegetables of different chroma/hues).
Sexual minority women's perceptions of sober curiosity: Lessons learned from a US pilot study
Authors: Bochicchio Lauren , Drabble Laurie A. , Riggle Ellen D. B. , Lunnay Belinda , Hughes Tonda L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Sexual minority women (SMW) are more likely than heterosexual women to meet criteria for hazardous drinking (HD). Sober curiosity, which centres on non‐pathologising approaches such as mindfulness and support for questioning norms that encourage heavy/hazardous alcohol use, may be a particularly salient non‐stigmatising option for SMW to reduce alcohol consumption. However, SMW's perceptions of sober curiosity as a strategy for changing drinking behaviours have not been explored.

Methods

We conducted in‐depth individual interviews with a purposive sample of 17 SMW from the United States who self‐reported moderate to heavy alcohol consumption or a desire to reduce their drinking. Questions explored the socio‐cultural contexts of SMW's drinking, their desire to examine and/or to reduce their drinking and perceived supports and barriers for doing so.

Results

SMW described heavy drinking norms, the centrality of alcohol in social spaces and events (both queer and non‐queer) and alcohol use as a way to reduce stress, as factors that contribute to HD. Although some participants had mixed opinions about the term ‘sober curiosity’, they described feeling motivated to evaluate their alcohol consumption. Barriers to reducing alcohol use included fear of social rejection and loss of social connections.

Discussion and Conclusion

Overall, findings suggest sexual identity‐specific online support and resources reflecting the sober curious philosophy have the potential to be useful for SMW seeking to reduce alcohol consumption. Key facilitators may include access to opportunities for connection in alcohol‐free settings, social support and educational resources regarding alcohol and its impact on health.
Upcycling of industrial by‐product gypsum for the synthesis of short columnar α‐hemihydrate gypsum using erythritol
Authors: Liu Zekai , Yi Guoqiang , Luo Ping , Chang Ying , Wei Zhishun , Li Jian , Yang Yisong , Yang Ran , Xiong Yan , Chen Sha
Published: February 2025

Alcohol–water systems, extensively used for converting waste gypsum into alpha‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α‐HH), typically take over 2 h to yield high‐quality α‐HH. This work developed an innovative erythritol–water medium, supplemented with trace mixed organic acids, which expedited the conversion of industrial by‐product gypsum into high‐quality α‐HH within just 1 h, outpacing the majority of documented alcohol–water systems. The resultant α‐HH exhibited a large‐size and short columnar form with an aspect ratio of 2.32, marking a significant advancement for the industrial‐scale production of α‐HH. Importantly, α‐HH synthesized using erythritol showcased higher crystallinity compared to commonly employed medium such as glycerol and ethylene glycol, due to the fact that the hydroxyl groups of erythritol adhered to facets of α‐HH, occupying the vacancies at Ca sites and thereby inhibiting the active growth sites. Further investigations revealed that erythritol fostered favorable thermodynamic conditions for the dissolution of dihydrate gypsum, and established a homogeneous supersaturated surrounding for the nucleation and growth of α‐HH, thereby resulting in the formation of α‐HH with reduced aspect ratio and improved dispersibility. This study provides a cost‐effective alternative to the common glycerol–water system and chloride salt solution for waste gypsum conversion to α‐HH.
Computational Sociolinguistics: An Emerging Multidisciplinary Research Area
Authors: Perez‐de‐Arriluzea‐Madariaga Amaia
Published: February 2025

This article explores the multidisciplinary field of computational sociolinguistics (CSLX). A social network analysis through a bibliometric approach is employed to investigate the landscape of scholarly publications through a series of keyword queries related to ‘Computational Sociolinguistics’. The study analyses publications contributing to this research area, focusing on semantic content analysis. The methodology involves the extraction and processing of data from the database Web of Science followed by semantic similarity assessments and classifications of abstracts using advanced natural language processing techniques to map the thematic clusters within the field as well as co‐authorship analysis. Key findings reveal significant multidisciplinarity in CSLX characterised by the integration of computational methods into sociolinguistic inquiries. The study identifies central topics and collaborative patterns, highlighting the influence of the computational profile over the sociolinguistic one. Conclusively, CSLX is positioned as an emerging field, with its development influenced by technological advancements and the increasing complexity of social interactions in computer‐mediated communication.
Cell Population Data Parameters in Dengue—Is There Any Significance? A Single‐Center Study
Authors: Hassan Jawad , Javed Sarah , Ahmed Shakir , Javeed Waqas , Abid Madiha
Published: February 2025

Objective

To assess the significance of cell population data parameters (CPD) in dengue positive individuals.

Methodology

A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD and BMT), Karachi, Pakistan from July 2022 to September 2022 (in a period of 3 months of peak dengue fever outbreak). Dengue fever is a viral infection that is transmitted from mosquitoes to humans. It is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical environments. A total of 389 individuals, who presented with febrile illness at the NIBD clinics, were screened for dengue and malaria with Complete Blood Count (CBC), Dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen test and Malaria Parasite Immunochromatographic test (MP‐ICT). Whole blood samples were collected and analyzed for CBC on Sysmex XN hematology analyzers. All 65 CPD and standard CBC parameters were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive analysis of all the parameters was performed and a p value < 0.001 was considered significant. Positive and negative correlation was also evaluated within the parameters to assess their significance. Furthermore, cut‐off values of CPD parameters were evaluated plotting their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Out of the 389 febrile patients, 137 were diagnosed as dengue‐positive. Descriptive analysis for mean and median values of parameters revealed statistically significant difference for seven parameters (namely WBC, PLT‐F, NEUT, LYMP, MONO, HFLC, and LY‐WY) in the comparison of the two groups which were then further assessed for positive and negative correlation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed High Fluorescence Lymphocyte Count (HFLC) to be the distinguishing parameter among dengue positive and negative cases. Compared to all the CPD parameters of our data set, the area under curve for lymphocytes cell size and the width of dispersion (LY‐WZ) displayed a borderline value of 0.582.

Conclusion

Sysmex XN hematology analyzers can provide extensive information about CPD parameters, allowing for the prompt differentiation among febrile illnesses and dengue infection. HFLC and other significant parameters demonstrate promise as rapid, adjunctive diagnostic tools. Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize the clinical utility of CPD parameters in dengue management.
Why Participant Perceptions of Assessment Center Exercises Matter: Justice, Motivation, Self‐Efficacy, and Performance
Authors: Roch Sylvia G. , Devon Kathryn
Published: February 2025

Despite expectations, assessment center (AC) participants' performance ratings often are not strongly correlated over AC exercises. Why is a puzzle? Perhaps one piece of the puzzle is that participants view AC exercises with varying levels of motivation, justice, and self‐efficacy, which relate to exercise performance, the topic of the current research. Based on 123 participants completing an AC consisting of six exercises (two leaderless group discussions, oral presentation, written case analysis, personality assessment, and cognitive ability exercise), results showed that motivation, self‐efficacy, and procedural justice levels differed among exercises, which generally related to exercise performance. Two interventions designed to improve how participants perceive AC exercises (one focusing on self‐efficacy and the other on justice) were not successful. Implications are discussed.
Refugee return, reintegration, and citizenship practices in post‐conflict Syria
Authors: Dinçer Osman Bahadır , Şahin‐Mencütek Zeynep
Published: February 2025

The return of Syrian refugees and internally displaced persons is occurring despite the absence of economic, political, social, and security infrastructures necessary for a voluntary, safe, and dignified return. Drawing from desk research and interviews conducted with 87 returnees in 2024, this paper explores the interactions between return processes and the Syrian government's citizenship policies. The evidence suggests that the Syrian regime has strategically promoted the right to return and selective readmission of Syrian refugees to gain international legitimacy and facilitate post‐war reconstruction. Empirical findings indicate that returnees have not yet attained all citizenship rights, particularly in ensuring safety, accessing government services, participating in cultural and political life, and fostering a sense of belonging. Furthermore, the lack of conducive conditions for the reintegration of returnees, coupled with the persistent characteristics of the pre‐war and conflict‐era concentric citizenship regime and a lack of political trust, impedes enjoying the rights and protections that should be afforded to them as citizens. This paper contributes to discussions on the politics of repatriation in origin countries and the diverse, path‐dependent factors shaping the reintegration of displaced persons in complex post‐conflict situations.
Dislocation plasticity in c$c$‐axis nanopillar compression of wurtzite ceramics: A study using neural network potentials
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Ogata Shigenobu
Published: February 2025

Ceramics typically exhibit brittle characteristics at room temperature. However, under high compressive stress conditions, such as during nanoindentation or compression tests on nanopillars, these materials can reach the necessary shear stress for dislocation nucleation and glide before fracture occurs. This allows for the observation of plastic deformation through dislocations even at room temperature. Yet, detailed insights into their atomic‐scale dislocation plasticity remain scarce. This study employs atomistic simulations to explore the dislocation plasticity in ‐oriented nanopillars of wurtzite ceramics (i.e., GaN and ZnO) under uniaxial [0001] compression, utilizing a specially developed first‐principles neural network interatomic potential. We observed activation of and dislocations, corroborating experimental findings from in‐situ compression tests. Moreover, a wurtzite‐to‐hexagonal phase transformation begins at facet edges and extends inward, forming wedge‐shaped regions. As compression progresses, dislocations nucleate at the wurtzite‐hexagonal phase boundary and spread throughout the nanopillar, contributing to a rougher surface texture. These quantitative results offer new insights into the plastic deformation behaviors of nanopillars under compressive loading, highlighting the potential of dislocation engineering in these ceramics.
The Oncopromoting Gene RBM6 Inhibits Prostate Tumour Cell Migration During Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Liu Ruoyang , Liu Yu , Zhang Long , Li Xiang , Li Ningyang , Lu Fubo , Gao Wansheng , Jia Zhankui , Huang Zhenlin , Yang Jinjian
Published: February 2025

RBM6, implicated in the progression of multiple tumour types but unexplored in prostate tumours, was found to indicate potential therapeutic implications due to its elevated expression in prostate tumours. To elucidate its molecular function, scratch tests, transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted, with PCR and western blot analyses verifying molecular regulatory relationships. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation tests were also employed to investigate underlying mechanisms. Results indicate that RBM6 enhances prostate cell migration by suppressing CDH1, yet ZEB1 overexpression alleviates this suppression. Notably, under these conditions, RBM6's inhibitory effect on MMP16 becomes more pronounced, reducing cell migration ability. Thus, under normal conditions, RBM6 promotes prostate tumour cell migration, but in the context of high ZEB1 expression, it inhibits migration. This shift in RBM6's regulatory capacity towards downstream genes underscores the importance of considering objective conditions in studying RBM6 molecules.
GPX3 Overexpression Ameliorates Cardiac Injury Post Myocardial Infarction Through Activating LSD1/Hif1α Axis
Authors: Jiang Qi‐Qi , Du Chong , Qian Ling‐Ling , Shan Tian‐Kai , Bao Yu‐Lin , Gu Ling‐Feng , Wang Si‐Bo , Yang Tong‐Tong , Zhou Liu‐Hua , Wang Ze‐Mu , He Ye , Wang Qi‐Ming , Wang Hao , Wang Ru‐Xing , Wang Lian‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

Myocardial infarction (MI) often results in significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), contributing to adverse ventricular remodelling and heart failure. Therefore, promoting CM survival during the acute stage of MI is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of GPX3 in cardiac repair following MI. First, plasma GPX3 levels were measured in patients with acute MI (AMI), and myocardial GPX3 expression was assessed in a mouse MI model. Furthermore, the effects of GPX3 on MI were investigated through CM‐specific overexpression or knockdown in vitro and in vivo models. RNA sequencing and subsequent experiments were performed to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying GPX3‐related effects. Multi‐omics database analysis and experimental verification revealed a significant upregulation of GPX3 expression in ischemic myocardium following MI and in CMs exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). Immunofluorescence results further confirmed elevated cytoplasmic GPX3 expression in CMs under hypoxic conditions. In vitro, GPX3 overexpression mitigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhanced CM survival during hypoxia, while GPX3 knockdown inhibited these processes. In vivo, CM‐specific GPX3 overexpression in the infarct border zone significantly attenuated CM apoptosis and alleviated myocardial injury, promoting cardiac repair and long‐term functional recovery. Mechanistically, GPX3 overexpression upregulated LSD1 and Hif1α protein expression, and rescue experiments confirmed the involvement of the LSD1/Hif1α pathway in mediating the protective effects of GPX3. Overall, our findings suggest that GPX3 exerts a protective role in ischemic myocardium post‐MI, at least partially through the LSD1/Hif1α axis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for MI treatment.
Air Pollution and the Adoption of Industrial Robots in Firms
Authors: Li Weibing , Li Mingyang
Published: February 2025

We document that air pollution can explain the adoption of industrial robots in firms. By leveraging the spatial discontinuity of air pollution caused by the Huai River policy along the Huai River and Qinling Mountains, the research applies a regression discontinuity design to accurately identify the positive impact of air pollution on the adoption of industrial robots in firms. Results obtained from various tests reveal that the relationship between the two is casual. From a mechanistic perspective, this paper posits that air pollution has an adverse effect on labor allocation. However, it also increases labor costs and environmental regulation intensity, thereby inducing firms to adopt more industrial robots. Furthermore, this study finds that industries vulnerable to light pollution, low energy consumption, and labor intensity exhibit a more pronounced positive relationship between air pollution and industrial robot adoption.
Amino acid δ15N in eye lens laminae reveals life‐time ontogenetic trophic shifts of a highly migratory species
Authors: Ruiz‐Cooley Rocío I. , Ordiano‐Flores Alfredo
Published: February 2025

Investigating the feeding ecology through the ontogenesis of highly migratory species such as the Pacific Bluefin tuna (PBFT; Thunnus orientalis) is difficult due to its extensive home range and cross‐oceanic migration. Here, we show the potential of conducting nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) analyses in bulk tissue and amino acids (AAs) in consecutive eye lens laminae of PBFT to reconstruct the trophic life history for an individual tuna. The δ15Nbulk profiles between individuals caught in the wild and pen‐raised were compared. For all individuals, δ15Nbulk values increased with increasing eye lens diameter or fork length, and exhibited low variation among individual profiles despite tuna being captured in different months. Large δ15Nbulk shifts (6.8‰–8.5‰) were quantified between the first and last deposited laminae for each individual, suggesting major ontogenetic changes in either foraging areas or trophic position. AA δ15N values indicate that this highly migratory schooling predator switches feeding areas from lower to higher δ15N baseline values, reflecting feeding on both sides of the north Pacific, and tends to feed on prey of higher trophic position as it grows. Together, stable isotope analysis in bulk tissue and individual AAs in eye lens laminae could be a powerful approach to investigate changes in the foraging habitat and trophic status of highly migratory species.
Reproductive timing and spawning dynamics of European barracuda Sphyraena sphyraena in eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mouchlianitis Foivos A. , Charitonidou Katerina , Tsavdari Maria , Minos George , Ganias Kostas
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the reproductive timing and spawning dynamics of the European barracuda Sphyraena sphyraena in the Thermaikos Gulf, northern Aegean Sea, where the species is predominantly harvested using gillnets. The study was conducted over 2 years, from May to October, coinciding with the period when the local gillnet fishery targets surmullet Mullus surmuletus. The timing of reproduction was examined by the gonado‐somatic index, the macroscopic assessment of the ovarian stage, and the microscopic examination of the ovarian developmental stage. All three indices demonstrated that spawning‐capable females were caught in May and June and that spawning ceases by late July to August. Regarding spawning dynamics, the European barracuda is a multiple spawner; the oocyte size frequency distributions of all spawning‐capable and actively spawning females were continuous, and postovulatory follicle cohorts from different daily spawning events co‐occurred in the ovaries of many of those females. Relative batch fecundity was rounded off to 197 ± 108 oocytes per gram and relative total fecundity at 1263 ± 513 oocytes per gram. The somatic condition increased in postspawning individuals, suggesting a capital breeding reproductive strategy.
Overexpression of miR‐155 Modulates Interferon Response and Inhibits Viral Replication of IHNV and IPNV in EPC Cells
Authors: Abdellaoui Najib , Park Ik‐Jun , Choi Subin , Kim Minji , Kim Min Sun
Published: February 2025

Infections caused by RNA viruses, including infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), result in substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), particularly miR‐155, play crucial roles in regulating host immune responses and viral infections. In this study, we investigated the overexpression effect of miR‐155 in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells infected with IHNV and IPNV and analysed the mechanisms underlying these antiviral activities. EPC cells were transfected with miR‐155 at 40 pmol and then infected with IHNV or IPNV at an MOI of 0.01. The cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was observed for 5 days post‐infection. The cells transfected with miR‐155 did not show any signs of CPE or exhibit any viral growth over time after infection with both viruses. Additionally, real‐time qPCR of type I interferon‐related immune genes (ISG15 and Mx1) showed upregulation at 0, 24, and 48 h.p.i in cells transfected with miR‐155. At 48 h post‐infection, the cells transfected with miR‐155 did not show any bands of viral protein by western blot. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR‐155 in EPC cells significantly enhanced the expression of interferon response genes by targeting BCL2 and CYLD and suppressed the viral replication through directly targeting viral genes, including the L gene of IHNV and the VP2 gene of IPNV. These findings elucidate the dual mechanism of miR‐155's antiviral effect through immune modulation and direct viral gene targeting, offering insights for developing novel antiviral strategies in aquaculture.
Challenges and Opportunities in Exploring Non‐Motor Symptoms in 6‐Hydroxydopamine Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prates‐Rodrigues Mateus , Schweizer Beatriz Lage Araújo , de Paula Gomes Clara , Ribeiro Ângela Maria , Padovan‐Neto Fernando E. , Masini Debora , Lopes‐Aguiar Cleiton
Published: February 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Non‐motor symptoms, including depression, hyposmia, and sleep disturbances, often emerge in the early stages of PD, but their mechanisms remain poorly understood. The 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) rodent model is a well‐established tool for preclinical research, replicating key motor and non‐motor symptoms of PD. In this review, we systematically analyzed 135 studies that used 6‐OHDA rodent models of PD to investigate non‐motor symptoms. The review process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our analysis highlights the growing use of 6‐OHDA PD models for experimental research of non‐motor symptoms. It also reveals significant variability in methodologies, including choices of brain target, toxin dosage, lesion verification strategies, and behavioral assessment reporting. Factors that hinder reproducibility and comparability of findings across studies. We highlight the need for standardization in 6‐OHDA‐based models with particular emphasis on consistent evaluation of lesion extent and reporting of the co‐occurrence of non‐motor symptoms. By fostering methodological coherence, this framework aims to enhance the reproducibility, reliability, and translational value of 6‐OHDA models in PD non‐motor symptom research.

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Nanocomposites soft and hard denture liners containing ZrO2 nanoparticles: An in vitro evaluation of surface roughness and Candida albicans adhesion
Authors: Alshahrani Faris A. , Albazroun Zainab , Alabdullatif Atheer , Aldehaileb Sarah , Khan Soban Q. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Balhaddad Abdulrahman A. , Abdelfattah Mohamed Y. , Gad Mohammed M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To investigate the impact of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐ZrO2) addition to hard and soft liners on the surface roughness and Candida albicans adhesion.

Materials and Methods

Nano‐ZrO2 was added to hard and soft chairside reline material in two concentrations (2% wt. and 4% wt.) while an unmodified group of each liner acted as a control, (n = 10). Disc‐shaped (10 × 1.3 mm) specimens of hard denture reline (N = 60) and soft denture reline (N = 60) materials were prepared (30/test). A noncontact profilometer was used for surface roughness measurement. A colony‐forming unit (CFU/mL) was used to evaluate Candida albicans adhesion. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results

No significant change in surface roughness was observed with nano‐ZrO2 addition; however, the control groups showed the highest value while 2% nano‐ZrO2 showed the lowest value. In comparison to the control groups, nano‐ZrO2 addition to the hard and soft liners significantly reduced Candida albicans adhesion (p < 0.001), regardless of the concentration.

Conclusion

Incorporating nano‐ZrO2 into hard and soft liner had no effect on surface roughness while its addition reduced Candida albicans adhesion. Using chairside soft and hard liners containing nano‐ZrO2 is recommended to reduce the incidence of denture stomatitis (DS) among denture wearers.