bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Gas and Dust Heating in Active Galaxies: Growing Black Holes or Tidal Shocks?
Authors: Minsley Rebecca , Petric Andreea , Lambrides Erini , Diamond-Stanic Aleksandar M. , Merhi Maya , Chiaberge Marco , Flagey Nicolas
Published: May 2020

We investigate if and how growing supermassive black holes (SMBH) known as active galactic nuclei (AGN) and gravitational interactions affect the warm molecular gas and dust of galaxies. Our analysis focuses on the morphologies and warm ISM properties of 630 galaxies at z < 0.1. We use grizy images from the Pan-STARRS survey to classify the galaxies into mergers, early mergers, and non-mergers. We use MIR spectroscopic measurements of emission from rotational H2 transitions, dust, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features, and silicate emission or absorption lines at 9.7 μm to study how gravitational interactions impact the warm ISM in AGN and non-AGN hosts. We find that in AGN-hosts, the ISM is warmer, the ratios of H2 to PAHs are larger, the PAH emission-line ratios and silicate strengths have a wider range of values than in non-AGN hosts. We find some statistical differences between the H2 emission of mergers and non-mergers, but those differences are less statistically significant than those between AGN and non-AGN hosts. Our results do not establish a relation between the rate of BH growth and the warm ISM but point to highly statistically significant differences between AGN hosts and non-AGN hosts, differences that are not present with the same statistical significance between mergers and non-mergers. We speculate that the combination of triggering mechanisms, AGN orientations, and evolutionary stages that allow AGN to be classified as such in the MIR indicate that those AGN are energetically coupled on kiloparsec scales to their host galaxies’s warm ISM. Future optical and IR, spatially resolved spectroscopic studies are best suited to characterize this connection.
Late-phase Spectropolarimetric Observations of Superluminous Supernova SN 2017egm to Probe the Geometry of the Inner Ejecta
Authors: Saito Sei , Tanaka Masaomi , Moriya Takashi J. , Bulla Mattia , Leloudas Giorgos , Inserra Cosimo , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Kawabata Koji S. , Mazzali Paolo
Published: May 2020

We present our spectropolarimetric observations of SN 2017egm, a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) in a nearby galaxy NGC 3191, with the Subaru telescope at +185.0 days after the g-band maximum light. This is the first spectropolarimetric observation for SLSNe at late phases. We find that the degree of the polarization in the late phase significantly changes from that measured at the earlier phase. The spectrum at the late phase shows a strong Ca emission line and therefore we reliably estimate the interstellar polarization (ISP) component assuming that the emission line is intrinsically unpolarized. By subtracting the estimated ISP, we find that the intrinsic polarization at the early phase is only ∼0.2%, which indicates an almost spherical photosphere, with an axial ratio ∼1.05. The intrinsic polarization at the late phase increases to ∼0.8%, which corresponds to the photosphere with an axial ratio ∼1.2. A nearly constant position angle of the polarization suggests the inner ejecta are almost axisymmetric. By these observations, we conclude that the inner ejecta are more aspherical than the outer ejecta. This may suggest the presence of a central energy source producing aspherical inner ejecta.
Relative Magnetic Helicity Based on a Periodic Potential Field
Authors: Yang Kai E. , Wheatland Michael S. , Gilchrist Stuart A.
Published: May 2020

Magnetic helicity is conserved under ideal magnetohydrodynamics and quasi-conserved even under a resistive process. The standard definition for magnetic helicity cannot be applied directly to an open magnetic field in a volume, because it is gauge-dependent. Instead, the relative magnetic helicity is widely used. We find that the energy of a potential magnetic field in a rectangular domain with periodic lateral boundary conditions is less than that of the field with a fixed normal component on all six boundaries. To make use of this lower energy potential field in the analysis of relative magnetic helicity, we introduce a new definition for magnetic helicity for the magnetic field, which involves the periodic potential field. We apply this definition to a sequence of analytic solutions and a numerical simulation. The results show that our new gauge-invariant helicity is very close to the current-carrying part of the relative magnetic helicity of the original magnetic field. We find also that the ratio between the current-carrying helicity and the relative magnetic helicity for the original and our defined relative helicity show different behavior. It seems that the new helicity is more sensitive to the component of the field due to the electric current in the volume, which is the source for instabilities and solar eruptive phenomena.
A Systematic Study of Galactic Outflows via Fluorescence Emission: Implications for Their Size and Structure
Authors: Wang Bingjie , Heckman Timothy M. , Zhu Guangtun , Norman Colin A.
Published: May 2020

Galactic outflows play a major role in the evolution of galaxies, but the underlying physical processes are poorly understood. This is mainly because we have little information about the outflow structure, especially on large scales. In this paper, we probe the structure of galactic outflows in low-z starbursts using a combination of ultraviolet spectroscopy and imaging of the fluorescence emission lines (associated with transitions to excited fine-structure levels) and spectroscopy of the corresponding strongly blueshifted resonance absorption lines. We find that, in the majority of cases, the observed fluorescence emission lines are much weaker and narrower than the absorption lines, originating in the star-forming interstellar medium and/or the slowest-moving part of the inner outflow. In a minority of cases, the outflowing absorbing material does make a significant contribution to the fluorescence emission. These latter systems are characterized by both strong Lyα emission lines and weak low-ionization absorption lines (both known to be empirical signs of Lyman-continuum leakage). We argue that the observed weakness of emission from the outflow seen in the majority of cases is due to the missing emission arising on scales larger than those encompassed by the aperture of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. This implies shallow radial density profiles in these outflows, and suggests that most of the observed absorbing material must be created/injected at radii much larger than that of the starburst. This has important implications both for our understanding of the physics of galactic outflows and for our estimation of their principal properties.
Formation of Giant Planet Satellites
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Morbidelli Alessandro
Published: May 2020

Recent analyses have shown that the concluding stages of giant planet formation are accompanied by the development of a large-scale meridional flow of gas inside the planetary Hill sphere. This circulation feeds a circumplanetary disk that viscously expels gaseous material back into the parent nebula, maintaining the system in a quasi-steady state. Here, we investigate the formation of natural satellites of Jupiter and Saturn within the framework of this newly outlined picture. We begin by considering the long-term evolution of solid material, and demonstrate that the circumplanetary disk can act as a global dust trap, where s
• ∼ 0.1–10 mm grains achieve a hydrodynamical equilibrium, facilitated by a balance between radial updraft and aerodynamic drag. This process leads to a gradual increase in the system’s metallicity, and eventually culminates in the gravitational fragmentation of the outer regions of the solid subdisk into

km satellitesimals. Subsequently, satellite conglomeration ensues via pair-wise collisions but is terminated when disk-driven orbital migration removes the growing objects from the satellitesimal feeding zone. The resulting satellite formation cycle can repeat multiple times, until it is brought to an end by photoevaporation of the parent nebula. Numerical simulations of the envisioned formation scenario yield satisfactory agreement between our model and the known properties of the Jovian and Saturnian moons.
The Drivers of Active Region Outflows into the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Brooks David H. , Winebarger Amy R. , Savage Sabrina , Warren Harry P. , De Pontieu Bart , Peter Hardi , Cirtain Jonathan W. , Golub Leon , Kobayashi Ken , McIntosh Scott W. , McKenzie David , Morton Richard , Rachmeler Laurel , Testa Paola , Tiwari Sanjiv , Walsh Robert
Published: May 2020

Plasma outflows from the edges of active regions have been suggested as a possible source of the slow solar wind. Spectroscopic measurements show that these outflows have an enhanced elemental composition, which is a distinct signature of the slow wind. Current spectroscopic observations, however, do not have sufficient spatial resolution to distinguish what structures are being measured or determine the driver of the outflows. The High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) flew on a sounding rocket in 2018 May and observed areas of active region outflow at the highest spatial resolution ever achieved (250 km). Here we use the Hi-C data to disentangle the outflow composition signatures observed with the Hinode satellite during the flight. We show that there are two components to the outflow emission: a substantial contribution from expanded plasma that appears to have been expelled from closed loops in the active region core and a second contribution from dynamic activity in active region plage, with a composition signature that reflects solar photospheric abundances. The two competing drivers of the outflows may explain the variable composition of the slow solar wind.
3D Numerical Simulation of Kink-driven Rayleigh–Taylor Instability Leading to Fast Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Wongwaitayakornkul Pakorn , Li Hui , Bellan Paul M.
Published: May 2020

Fast magnetic reconnection involving non-MHD microscale physics is believed to underlie both solar eruptions and laboratory plasma current disruptions. While there is extensive research on both the MHD macroscale physics and the non-MHD microscale physics, the process by which large-scale MHD couples to the microscale physics is not well understood. An MHD instability cascade from a kink to a secondary Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the Caltech astrophysical jet laboratory experiment provides new insights into this coupling and motivates a 3D numerical simulation of this transition from large to small scale. A critical finding from the simulation is that the axial magnetic field inside the current-carrying dense plasma must exceed the field outside. In addition, the simulation verifies a theoretical prediction and experimental observation that, depending on the strength of the effective gravity produced by the primary kink instability, the secondary instability can be Rayleigh–Taylor or mini-kink. Finally, it is shown that the kink-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability generates a localized electric field sufficiently strong to accelerate electrons to very high energy.
A Fast Radio Burst Discovered in FAST Drift Scan Survey
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Li Di , Luo Rui , Miao Chenchen , Zhang Bing , Spitler Laura , Lorimer Duncan , Kramer Michael , Champion David , Yue Youling , Cameron Andrew , Cruces Marilyn , Duan Ran , Feng Yi , Han Jun , Hobbs George , Niu Chenhui , Niu Jiarui , Pan Zhichen , Qian Lei , Shi Dai , Tang Ningyu , Wang Pei , Wang Hongfeng , Yuan Mao , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xinxin , Cao Shuyun , Feng Li , Gan Hengqian , Gao Long , Gu Xuedong , Guo Minglei , Hao Qiaoli , Huang Lin , Huang Menglin , Jiang Peng , Jin Chengjin , Li Hui , Li Qi , Li Qisheng , Liu Hongfei , Pan Gaofeng , Peng Bo , Qian Hui , Shi Xiangwei , Song Jinyuo , Song Liqiang , Sun Caihong , Sun Jinghai , Wang Hong , Wang Qiming , Wang Yi , Xie Xiaoyao , Yan Jun , Yang Li , Yang Shimo , Yao Rui , Yu Dongjun , Yu Jinglong , Zhang Chengmin , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Shuxin , Zheng Xiaonian , Zhou Aiying , Zhu Boqin , Zhu Lichun , Zhu Ming , Zhu Wenbai , Zhu Yan
Published: May 2020

We report the discovery of a highly dispersed fast radio burst (FRB), FRB 181123, from an analysis of ∼1500 hr of drift scan survey data taken using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The pulse has three distinct emission components, which vary with frequency across our 1.0–1.5 GHz observing band. We measure the peak flux density to be >0.065 Jy and the corresponding fluence >0.2 Jy ms. Based on the observed dispersion measure of 1812 cm−3 pc, we infer a redshift of ∼1.9. From this, we estimate the peak luminosity and isotropic energy to be ≲2 × 1043 erg s−1 and ≲2 × 1040 erg, respectively. With only one FRB from the survey detected so far, our constraints on the event rate are limited. We derive a 95% confidence lower limit for the event rate of 900 FRBs per day for FRBs with fluences >0.025 Jy ms. We performed follow-up observations of the source with FAST for four hours and have not found a repeated burst. We discuss the implications of this discovery for our understanding of the physical mechanisms of FRBs.
Activation of HIV-Specific CD8+ T-cells from HIV+ Donors by Vesatolimod
Authors: Ram Renee R , Duatschek Paul , Margot Nicolas , Abram Michael , Geleziunas Romas , Hesselgesser Joseph , Callebaut Christian
Published: May 2020

Background

Vesatolimod (VES; GS-9620) is a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist that directly activates human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B lymphocytes resulting in direct and indirect production of cytokines and immune activation. VES is being evaluated in HIV-1-infected people as part of an HIV remission strategy. Here we investigated the potential of VES to trigger indirect activation of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells using immune cell cultures derived from HIV+ donors.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures derived from HIV+ donors virologically suppressed on stable antiretroviral therapy ( n=31) were isolated and treated with VES or vehicle for 24 h. Cells were stained with surface and intracellular fluorescent conjugated antibodies and HIV-specific pentamers, and analysed by flow cytometry.

Results

Treatment of PBMCs with VES resulted in all 31 donors demonstrating a concentration dependent increase in CD8+ T-cell activation (CD69+) of up to 88%. Of these donors, 20 of 31 donors displayed a concentration-dependent increase in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell activation due to VES with a maximum of 20.8%. Intracellular staining was performed in a subset of donors ( n=14), 5 of which displayed VES-induced activation of functional HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells as assessed by CD107a and/or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α upregulation.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that VES treatment can induce the activation of functional HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells in donor derived PBMCs. These data support the potential use of VES to activate functional HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells as part of an HIV remission strategy.
Chilling to the bone: Lower temperatures increase vertebrate predation by Tonatia bidens (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Carvalho Fernando , Bôlla Daniela A.S. , Mottin Viviane , Kiem Suelen Zonta , Zocche Jairo J. , Passos Fernando C.
Published: May 2020

The greater round-eared bat, Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823), is a medium-sized phyllostomid bat distributed in the north of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. The diet and foraging patterns of this species are poorly known. We analyzed the composition of the diet of a population of T. bidens and how the temperature influences the consumption of vertebrates and invertebrates. To describe diet composition, we conducted weekly collections of food scrap from two monospecific night-perches. Data of temperature for the study period were taken from the meteorological station installed 300 m from the collection perches. The influence of temperature was evaluated using generalized linear models (GLMs) with negative binomial distribution. Tonatia bidens consumed 28 taxons (204 records), being at least 17 Artropods and 11 Passeriformes birds. Temperature explained a greater proportion of vertebrate abundance (R2 = 0.23) than invertebrate (R2 = 0.16) or to both pooled (R2 = 0.11). The relation with temperature was positive with invertebrates and negative with the vertebrates. The diet of the population of T. bidens comprised mainly invertebrates, which were the most frequent and diverse taxa. Data suggests that T. bidens has a diverse diet, with proportion of the item’s consumption varying temporally. Environmental factors, such as the temperature presented on this work, seems to be good proxies for the dietary traits of this species.
Petrology of the late Triassic mafic volcanic rocks from the Antalya Complex, southern Turkey: evidence for mantle source characteristics during the Neotethyan rifting
Authors: BAĞCI Utku , RIZAOĞLU Tamer , ÖNAL Güzide , PARLAK Osman
Published: May 2020

The Antalya Complex in southern Turkey comprises a number of autochthonous and allochthonous units that originated from the Southern Neotethys. Late Triassic volcanic rocks are widespread in the Antalya Complex and are important for the onset of the rifting stage of the southern Neotethys. The studied Late Triassic volcanic rocks within the Antalya Complex are exposed in the southern part of Saklıkent (Antalya) region. They are represented by pillow, massive, and columnar-jointed lava flows with volcaniclastic breccias and pelagic limestone intercalations. Spilitic basalts exhibit intersertal, microlithic porphyritic, and ophitic textures and are represented by plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. Secondary phases are characterized by serpentine, calcite, chlorite, epidote, zeolite, and quartz. Based on Zr/Ti vs. Nb/Y ratios, the volcanic rocks are represented by alkaline basalts (Nb/Y = 1.54–2.82). A chondrite normalized REE diagram for the volcanic rocks displays significant LREE enrichment with respect to HREE ([La/Yb]N = 15.14–19.77). Trace element geochemistry of the studied rocks suggests that these rocks are more akin to ocean island basalt (OIB) and were formed by small degrees (~2–4%) of partial melting of an enriched mantle source (spinel + garnet-bearing lherzolite). The volcanic rocks of the Saklıkent region exhibit similarities to the Late Triassic volcanics of the Koçali Complex in SE Anatolia and the Mamonia Complex (Cyprus) in terms of their geochemical features. All evidence suggests that the Late Triassic alkaline volcanics in Antalya, Mamonia (Cyprus), and the Koçali (Adıyaman) Complexes were formed in an extensional environment at the continent-ocean transition zone during the rifting of the southern Neotethyan Ocean.
Relationship between pelvic tilt control, horse-rider synchronisation, and rider position in sitting trot
Authors: Walker V.A. , Pettit I. , Tranquille C.A. , Spear J. , Dyson S.J. , Murray R.C.
Published: May 2020

Investigation of dressage riders suggests that the performance outcomes of riding can be enhanced by a rider correctly adapting the motion of their pelvis. The pelvis has been identified as an important component of the physical connection of the horse and the rider. This preliminary study aimed to assess whether riders with better control of their pelvic movement, had increased postural stability and horse-rider synchronicity. Twenty-six amateur riders competing in Novice to Grand Prix level dressage rode 35 mixed breed horses in active dressage training which they were used to riding. Riders were divided into two groups according to their ability to perform posterior pelvic tilt whilst sat on a Swiss ball. High-speed motion-capture was captured from the left and right sides and used to assess rider body position, angular measurements and horse-rider synchronicity whilst riding a pre-defined test at collected trot on an artificial surface. Appropriate statistical analyses were used to compare variables between groups. Differences between groups were compared using one-way ANOVA or independent samples t-tests; the significance level was set at P<0.05. No riders in the study were able to perform anterior or posterior pelvic tilt whilst seated on a ball without demonstrating mild or major compensations; the most common of these were inclusion of the lumbar spine or leaning forwards or backwards. The results suggest that riders who could not perform pelvic tilt without major compensations had a more leaning forward posture, were more asymmetrical between the left and right sides and more phase shifted during the swing and stance phases than riders who could perform pelvic tilt with mild compensations.
Effect of aerobic exercise on muscle structure and expression of proteins promoting hypertrophy and metabolism in aged rats
Authors: Isobe W. , Murakami S. , Saito T. , Kumagai S. , Sakita M.
Published: May 2020

Aging and physical inactivity lead to histochemical changes in muscles. The expression of many muscle proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1a), declines with age. However, the effect of aerobic exercise on muscle structure and the expression profile of these proteins in elderly rats is unknown. Here, we investigated whether short-term aerobic exercise improves muscle structure and increases BDNF, SIRT1, and PGC-1a levels in aged rats. Ten male Wistar rats (95-week-old) were assigned to sedentary (SED) or exercise (Ex) groups. The Ex group performed running on a treadmill for 1 h, 6 times per week, for 2 weeks. The extensor digitorum longus muscles were removed to examine the muscle fibre type composition, cross-sectional area, and capillary-to-fibre (C/F) ratio. BDNF, SIRT1, and PGC-1a levels were evaluated by western blotting. Relative to the SED group, the Ex group showed increased proportion of Type I fibres (P<0.05), cross-sectional area of all muscle fibre types (P<0.05), succinate dehydrogenase activity (P<0.001), C/F ratio (P<0.05), and expression of BDNF, SIRT1, and PGC-1a (P<0.05).Thus, 2 weeks of aerobic exercise is sufficient to improve muscle histology and hypertrophic marker protein expression, indicating that it could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in elderly rats.
Effects of Lactanase on the plasma lactate response to intense exercise in horses
Authors: Wallace S. , Rankins E.M. , McKeever K.H.
Published: May 2020

A commonly held belief is that lactate production during exercise limits performance via fatigue. The current study aimed to assess the effects of a supplement marketed as performance enhancing (Lactanase®) on equine exercise performance and plasma lactate concentrations. Lactanase was expected to alter exercise performance and plasma lactate. Eight healthy, unfit Standardbred horses (four geldings and four mares, 9±3 years, 489±33 kg, mean ± standard error) were administered Lactanase (5 doses of 25 g) top-dressed on a commercial pelleted ration or unsupplemented pellets (Control) in a cross-over design experiment. Doses were administered over a four-day period and horses performed a graded exercise test on the fourth day following the final dose of either Lactanase or control. Blood samples (20 ml) were obtained via jugular catheter 30 min prior to exercise, immediately prior to exercise, in the last 10 s of each incremental exercise step, and 5 and 60 min post-exercise. Samples were frozen at -80 °C until further analysis. Data were analysed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Statistically different means were separated using Student-Newman-Keuls and Dunnetts. No differences (P>0.05) in total run time were observed following Lactanase administration. Plasma lactate increased (P<0.05) when horses reached a speed of 7 m/s and remained elevated through 60 min post-exercise. There was no effect (P>0.05) of Lactanase on the plasma lactate response during exercise. Similarly, supplementation did not affect (P>0.05) plasma glucose or total protein at any time point. Exercise did increase plasma total protein (P<0.05), but it returned to baseline levels by 60 min post-exercise. Plasma glucose was elevated (P<0.05) post-exercise. These results indicate Lactanase administration does not alter the lactate response or the total run time to fatigue during intense incremental exercise in horses.
Phase-adjusted estimation of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea under multi-source data and adjustment measures: a modelling study
Authors: Feng Xiaomei ,   School of Mathematics and Informational Technology, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China, Chen Jing , Wang Kai , Wang Lei , Zhang Fengqin , Jin Zhen , Zou Lan , Wang Xia ,   Shanxi Applied Mathematics Center, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33314, USA,   Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China,   Complex System Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Shanxi Key Laboratory of Mathematical Techniques and Big Data Analysis on Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030006, China,   School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China,   School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
Published: May 2020

Based on the reported data from February 16, 2020 to March 9, 2020 in South Korea including confirmed cases, death cases and recovery cases, the control reproduction number was estimated respectively at different control measure phases using Markov chain Monte Carlo method and presented using the resulting posterior mean and 95% credible interval (CrI). At the early phase from February 16 to February 24, we estimate the basic reproduction number R0 of COVID-19 to be 4.79(95% CrI 4.38 - 5.2). The estimated control reproduction number dropped rapidly to Rc ≈ 0.32(95% CrI 0.19 - 0.47) at the second phase from February 25 to March 2 because of the voluntary lockdown measures. At the third phase from March 3 to March 9, we estimate Rc to be 0.27 (95% CrI 0.14 - 0.42). We predict that the final size of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea is 9661 (95% CrI 8660 - 11100) and the whole epidemic will be over by late April. It is found that reducing contact rate and enhancing the testing speed will have the impact on the peak value and the peak time.
Los viajes del doctor Vellard
Authors: Villar Diego
Published: May 2020

Para la mayoría de los americanistas Jehan A. Vellard (1901-1996) es un desconocido. Para muchos es apenas una referencia bibliográfica más, y para otros tan solo el médico que acompañó al Mato Grosso a Claude Lévi-Strauss. Definitivamente Vellard no es un contemporáneo: su obra resulta anticuada, poco glamorosa y carece de potencia heurística, mientras que su autor se presenta como un ancestro incómodo, antipático, que nadie reivindica. Sin embargo, contentarse con este diagnóstico sería demasiado fácil. El descarte disciplinar de la figura de Vellard deja escapar una personalidad polifacética, testigo de tiempos críticos para el Chaco, los Andes o la Amazonía, y al mismo tiempo una obra que combina la etnografía, la antropología física, la lingüística, la arqueología y la biología. Se trata, entonces, de revisar desapasionadamente algunas de las expediciones científicas que Vellard realiza para el Museo del Trocadero en la década de 1930, en particular los viajes al Paraguay (1931-1932) en vísperas de la guerra del Chaco y al Mato Grosso (1938) en la famosa expedición con Lévi-Strauss, y de repasar las circunstancias específicas en las cuales se conformó una parte de las colecciones del museo. Al mismo tiempo, el análisis permite echar luz sobre las ambigüedades del legado personal y científico de Vellard
Juego verbal, metáfora y sexualidad. El discurso de humor (nayakyaGak) entre los tobas (qom) del Gran Chaco sudamericano
Authors: Cúneo Paola , Tola Florencia
Published: May 2020

El propósito de este artículo es analizar un tipo de discurso de humor (nayakyaGak) que forma parte del repertorio verbal de los tobas del Chaco argentino: las bromas sexuales. Integrando perspectivas lingüísticas y etnográficas, nos centramos tanto en los recursos léxicos y morfosintácticos utilizados en este tipo de nayakyaGak así como en sus contextos de interacción, con especial in­terés en las claves de contextualización que permiten construir el marco de juego de las bromas. Profundizaremos en las construc­ciones metafóricas que se encuentran en uso en las bromas sexuales y mostraremos posibles vínculos entre el campo semántico de la marisca (cacería) y el de la sexualidad. Así también, daremos cuenta de que el humor presente en las bromas que transcribiremos conforma una práctica discursiva que permite hablar de la sexualidad y la afectividad. El trabajo constituye un aporte al estudio del repertorio discursivo toba, así como también a las reflexiones antropológicas en torno a la sexualidad.
Batallas de custodia trans-especie y la reformulación de lazos de familia
Authors: Brandes Stanley
Published: May 2020

Este artículo es una contribución a la creciente literatura antropológica sobre las relaciones hombre-animales y las familias trans-especie. Cada vez más, las mascotas domésticas en los Estados Unidos se consideran miembros de la familia. De hecho, estos animales a menudo son tratados como parientes reales o sustitutos, ya sea cónyuge, hijo o hermano. Una conse­cuencia de esta tendencia es la aparición de batallas legales entre parejas que se separan por la custodia del perro o gato. A pesar de los códigos legales formales, que definen a los animales domésticos como propiedad personal, la separación de las pa­rejas en la actualidad introduce criterios subjetivos en argumentos a favor o en contra de la custodia de los animales. Estos inclu­yen, por ejemplo, el tiempo que cada compañero pasa con el animal, que parece más dedicado al animal, o que ocupa un hogar que sería más ventajoso para el bienestar del animal. Los casos examinados en este artículo muestran que, si bien la mayoría de los jueces reconocen la presencia de factores impulsados por las emociones en cualquier batalla por la custodia, siguen cumplien­do con la definición de animales de compañía como propiedad. Sin embargo, los abogados de hoy en día sostienen que la nueva definición de familia trans-especie, junto con el papel social y afectivo mejorado de los animales, son apropiados para la consideración judicial en los juicios de custodia de mascotas.
Multiple Signals and Consumer Behavior in the Digital Economy
Authors: Troise Ciro
Published: May 2020

The digital economy shows a challenging environment, and three main players have entered the arena (digital platforms, online communities, new technologies). The aim of this chapter is to provide a new multidimensional framework for exploring multiple signals. The study leverages the signaling theory, since signals help companies and sellers to mitigate information asymmetries. In the virtual context of the digital economy, credible and observable information improve the decision-making process of consumers. The work opted for a multidimensional framework and proposes that four types of signals (social network, social capital, certification, social identity) influence consumer behavior. Furthermore, the study suggests that also the interactions/combinations between these signals could affect consumer behavior. This contribution offers a conceptual framework without testing empirically the propositions; thus, it offers the opportunity of further research. This work has interesting implications for several actors of the digital ecosystem (firms, entrepreneurs, platform managers, consumers, etc.).
Social Media, Marketing Practices, and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Erragcha Nozha , Babay Hanene
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks at the phenomenon of social media and its consequences on marketing and consumer behavior. To express an opinion, the authors first define the notion of “social media,” review their different types as well as the decisive moments that marked their history. Then, they focus on the influence of these media on marketing practices by referring to the changes that have affected the marketing approach from the stage of the market study to the stage of control of marketing actions companies. Finally, they are very interested in the changes that have affected the traditional decision-making process and are announcing useful recommendations to respond to this set of changes.
Understanding Cultural Hybridization and Globalization Through the Benefits and Risks on Economic Growth
Authors: Mahtar Dzulfikar , Suki Norbayah Mohd
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this writing is to critically examine various issues and understand the main talking point in globalization, which is the impact it brings to the economic growth and the benefits and risks associated with it. In a fast-paced world, where information and communication is power, globalization in a nutshell is a worldwide agenda that is primarily targeted to bring the best out of each and every member of the economic cycle. Globalization in the world's business is undeniably known as a catalyst that paved the way for aspiring entrepreneurs and business entities to acquire new wealth elsewhere by venturing into a new territory. The development of an ascending trend of integrated and holistic global economy has made globalization a worldwide agenda that implies the opening of a border for foreign business to come in and vice versa.
Proactive and Responsive Export Market Orientation Behaviours, Antecedents, and Firm Performance
Authors: Abdul-Talib Asmat Nizam , Abd-Razak Ili-Salsabila
Published: May 2020

This paper details about the qualitative study of proactive and responsive export market orientation. An interview series was conducted to assess whether the issue of proactive and responsive export market orientation exist among exporters, identification of the exporters' characteristics (antecedents) and understand the behaviors effect on performance consequences. Findings from the interview were recorded in a qualitative codebook. Discussions and conclusion made on the qualitative findings revealed that the issue of proactive and responsive export market orientation is present, different characteristics lead to different behaviors, and the behaviors affect the exporters' performance consequences differently.
Bifurcation and Chaos in a Discrete Fractional-Order Prey-Predator System Involving Allee Effect
Authors: Selvam A. George Maria , R. Janagaraj
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers the discrete counterpart of a fractional order prey-predator ODE system involving Allee effect. Several more realistic models were proposed to describe nonlinear interactions between species by introducing different types functional responses and Allee effect. Non-local property of fractional differential equations is useful in modeling population interactions possessing memories. The model under investigation has three steady states, and the positive steady state exists under certain condition. Dynamic nature of the model is discussed through local stability analysis. Enquiry into the qualitative behavior of the model reveals rich and complex dynamics exhibited by the discrete-time model. Moreover, this model undergoes Neimark Sacker bifurcation when the chosen parameter passes through a critical value. The analytical results are strengthened with appropriate numerical examples. The computation of maximal Lyapunov exponents confirms the existence of chaos. Chaos control is achieved by linear feedback control and hybrid control methods.
Dynamics of Some Discretized Fractional-Order Differential Equations
Authors: Salman Sanaa Moussa , El-Sayed Ahmed M. A.
Published: May 2020

This chapter deals with fractional-order differential equations and their discretization. First of all, a discretization process for discretizing ordinary differential equations with piecewise constant arguments is presented. Secondly, a discretization method is proposed for discretizing fractional-order differential equations. Stability of fixed points of the discretized equations are investigated. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the dynamic behavior of the resulting difference equations such as bifurcation and chaos.
Generalized Brinkman Type Dusty Fluid Model for Blood Flow
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Shafie Sharidan , Khan Ilyas
Published: May 2020

This chapter is dedicated to studying the magnetic blood flow with uniformly distributed magnetite dusty particles (MDP) in a cylindrical tube. For this purpose, the two-phase fractional Brinkman type fluid model is considered. The fractional governing equations are modeled in the cylindrical coordinate system taking into consideration the magnetization of the fluid due to the applied magnetic field. The fractional governing equations are subjected to physical initial and boundary conditions. The joint Laplace and Hankel transform is employed to develop exact analytical solutions. The obtained solutions are computed numerically and plotted in different graphs. It is noticed that for a long time the blood and MDP velocities increase with increasing values of the fractional parameter. In contrast, this effect reverses for a shorter time. In the case of the magnetic parameter, both velocities are decreased with increasing values of the magnetic parameter.
Fractional-Order-Based Inferential Control
Authors: Nasir Abdul Wahid , Kasireddy Idamakanti , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents the application of fractional differential operator in modelling and control of a three-tank interacting level process. In cases where the usage of sensors for the measurement of primary variable, which is the level of third tank in present case, is physically or economically not feasible, the measurement of secondary variable (i.e., second tank level) is used to determine the level of third tank for control purpose, known as inferential control scheme. The process is modeled and linearized around the operating points, resulting in third order plant, which is approximated to lower order integer and non-integer model. Both conventional integer order PI (IO-PI) & PID (IO-PID) and fractional order PI (FO-PI) & (FO-PID) controllers are implemented for this inferential control. Extensive simulation studies performed using MATLAB validate the supremacy of non-integer order model and controller over integer order model and controller. Genetic algorithm (GA) is being applied for both, firstly for reduced order model approximation and secondly for controller tuning.
“That's What Google Is For”
Authors: Flockhart Tyler Ross , Elliott Sinikka
Published: May 2020

Through in-depth interviews, this chapter examines the ways 25 LGB young adults (18-35 years old) used digital technologies as they do emotion work to preserve relationships with heterosexual parents. Findings demonstrate that, with the aid of technology (especially texting, Skyping, social media, YouTube, television, and various informational websites), LGB young adults engaged in personal and interpersonal forms of “preventive” and “palliative” emotion work. The former's aim was to prevent noxious feelings and the latter to preserve familial relationships despite emotional pain. These forms of emotion work allowed LGBs to maintain relationships with their parents, but by privileging the emotional wellbeing of heterosexual parents above those of LGBs. The authors conclude by suggesting that digital technology can be a dual-edged sword. Access to these technologies may allow LGBs to connect with queer communities and to obtain information about queerness, yet utilizing these technologies as a way to preserve familial relationships was an adaptation to--rather than disruption of--heterosexism and homophobia.
Culturally Responsive Practices
Authors: Crosby-Cooper Tricia , Ferrell Natasha
Published: May 2020

Achieving positive mental health is a worthy desire as positive mental health leads to better success in all aspects of life. Unfortunately, for some youth, achieving positive mental health is a struggle. African Americans demonstrate mental health difficulties approximately 20% more than their White counterparts. To address mental health concerns, schools have increasingly implemented multi-tiered supports to better identify and support students. Unfortunately, interventions implemented in schools have largely ignored the impact that race, culture, and behavioral expectations have on the mental health of African American youth. African American youth exhibit symptoms and behaviors of mental health similar to youth of other cultures and races, yet they experience lower levels of mental health services. To help African American youth experiencing mental health difficulties, stakeholders must implement culturally responsive, evidence-based interventions.
The Culturally Connected School Counselor
Authors: Peed Tracy Ann , Stevens Helena
Published: May 2020

The aim of this chapter is to facilitate knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to cultural awareness and multicultural competence for professional school counselors (PSCs) who serve various stakeholders in K-12 schools (students, teachers, administrators, staff, caregivers, and community members). While reading the chapter, PSCs with assess their own self-awareness and understanding related to their own multifaceted cultural identities and consider cultural intersections with, and differences from, those they serve. As a result of this exploration, they will be better able to plan culturally alert interventions at a myriad of levels with; individuals, small groups, classrooms, and school wide. Furthermore, by developing a keen social justice lens they will increase their ability to recognize oppression in K-12 school; be better equipped to facilitate dialogue between various groups; plan culturally aware interventions with students, staff, and community; and engage in advocacy on various levels (individual, system, and public arenas) to create systemic change.
Studies of Heat Insulation Concrete
Authors: Elesin M. , Mashkin N.A. , Bartenjeva E.A. , Larichkin V. , Nikolaeva M.
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the properties changes of non-autoclave foam on a protein foaming agent with the introduction of dispersed wollastonite and diopside. A decrease in the density of foam concrete (to the grade D300, D400), frost resistance of the material, as well as shrinkage deformations was noted. The optimal technological parameters have been determined, allowing to obtain more stable properties and structure of heat-insulating cement-ash non-autoclave foam concrete. The flow chart of the production of foam concrete of natural hardening in the separate preparation of foam and mortar is presented. The studies were performed at NSTU and NGASU (Novosibirsk) and the NII (Norilsk).
Experimental Investigation on Flexural Behavior of Cold Formed Beams with Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Ghareb AL-Hasnawi Yasser Sami , Alhashimi Omar Ismael , Shevchenko Andrey V. , Shoja Nowruzi Mohammad
Published: May 2020

In recent years, thin-walled, cold-formed steel (CFS) structural members have gained expanding use in building construction and various sorts of structural systems [1,2,3].The utilization Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) structures has become progressively popular in different fields of building technology. The reasons behind the developing popularity of these products include their ease of fabrication, high strength/weight ratio and suitability for a wide range of applications. These advantages can result in more economic designs, as compared with hot-rolled steel, especially in short-span applications. In this project work attempt has been made to use Cold formed steel section as replacement to conventional steel reinforcement bar.
How Formula and Technology Affect the Generation and Improvement in the Porous Structure of Foam Concrete
Authors: Aksenova S.M.
Published: May 2020

Review of literature on heat insulation materials shows that despite significant advancements in the developing new construction materials and methods for making them, the search for, and theoretical substantiation of, novel production methods and uses in construction in line with the today’s requirements and norms remains relevant. This paper dwells upon the general patterns in creating a porous structure in a material: foaming, aggregate grouting. It presents a study of how the formula and the technology affect the properties of foam glass concrete; experimental studies described herein are designed mathematically. Emphasis is made on the materials and products made of lightweight concrete based on porous aggregates; the paper also theorizes upon making durable high-quality products and structures from those materials: blocks, stones, partitions, panels, etc.
Winter Concreting of Wall Fragments on Previously Constructed Floor Slabs with Unconventional Methods of Concrete Heat Treatment
Authors: Turantaev G.G. , Mestnikov A.E. , Fedorov V.I.
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the possibility of using an unconventional method of heat treatment of a wall structure in winter. The methods of introducing concrete work at a negative outside temperature are analyzed. The basis of the article is the derivation of systems of differential equations characterizing thermal processes during concreting of a wall fragment to previously constructed sections and floor slabs. A mathematical model has been developed that describes heat transfer processes based on the differential heat equation. In compiling the mathematical model, the classical equations of thermophysics are used, which do not require proof of reliability. The article also discusses the classical boundary conditions of the first, second, third, and fourth genera. The reliability of the calculation results was estimated by the experimental method on a fragment of a concrete wall with a given shape thickness. Processing of experimental data was performed using standard methods of mathematical statistics.
Processing Methods Used to Create High-Quality Porous Structure of Aerated Concrete
Authors: Suleymanova L.A. , Kolomatsky A.S. , Marushko M.V.
Published: May 2020

The efficiency of porous structure formation in aerated concrete can be improved by including the methods of thermal vacuum compaction or thermal vacuum compaction with vibration into the process as a means of creating high-quality composite cellular concrete. A graphic model of a phase composition change in the aerated concrete mix was developed allowing for an evaluation of the recipe and the mode of bubble porosity generation during hardening. This provides a control over the manufacturing processes and helps to produce aerated concrete with the specified porosity balance, which defines product properties.The effect of temperature and vacuum on molding sand during the initial stage of manufacture is proportional to the bubble porosity volume, which is important for a high-quality porous structure formation. In addition to the above, account must be taken of the combined effect of temperature, vacuum and volume ratio of phases in the base mix when using the proposed methods.Introduction of the developed processing methods into the manufacturing process improves the technology of aerated concrete production and allows for a fabrication of the finest advanced heat insulating and structural and heat insulating products.
Improving the Bitumen Quality through the Comprehensive Polymer-Based Modification
Authors: Yadykina V.V. , Navolokina Svetlana N. , Gridchin Anatoliy M.
Published: May 2020

One of the ways to improve the qualities of asphalt and concrete mixes is to modify the binding agent in its composition with polymer additives. The article presents rubber with polyethylene and vinyl acetate (sevilen) as a modifying additive to the road construction bitumen. The impact of rubber on the properties of the polymer bitumen binding agent (PBBA) was analysed. The mode of action of the complex additive was explained, the evidence-based concentration of rubber in PBBA was identified.