bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging Guided Endogenic H2‐Augmented Electrochemo‐Sonodynamic Domino Co‐therapy of Tumor in Vivo
Authors: Qi Guohua , Yu Tengfei , Li Jianmei , Guo Zirui , Ma Kongshuo , Jin Yongdong
Published: December 2022

Precise and on‐demand release of sufficient hydrogen (H2) to tumor sites remains a key challenge for emerging H2‐oncotherapy, and little is known about the physiological effects of “abundant” H2 on complex tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, a highly efficient and cost‐effective imaging‐guided/‐assessed H2‐therapy of tumors based on a joint electrochemo‐sonodynamic treatment (H2‐EC/SD co‐therapy) with strong “domino effect” triggered by endogenous H2 generation at tumor sites is reported to speedily eliminate tumor tissue (≤80 mm3) within 1 day. Adequate H2 is controllably generated in tumor sites through mild electrochemistry in vivo due to acidic TME by using clinical acupuncture Fe needles as electrodes. Besides starvation damage due to gas blockage/destruction of vessels, nano‐/micro‐bubbles of H2 formed in situ can elevate the tumor's internal temperature and burst vessels to further destroy the tumor under ultrasound irradiation. Remarkably, vulnerable homeostasis of TME is disturbed as H2 also participates in the physiological activity of tumor cells, leading to tumor dysfunction. Last but not least, the body's inflammatory response to cancer is reduced after the treatment, which is beneficial for the body's immune system during post‐treatment recovery. Based on all of these merits, the H2‐EC/SD co‐therapy provides a potentially safe and viable therapeutic strategy for future clinical applications.
Fully Optical in Operando Investigation of Ambient Condition Electrical Switching in MoS2 Nanodevices
Authors: Symonowicz Joanna , Polyushkin Dmitry , Mueller Thomas , Di Martino Giuliana
Published: December 2022

MoS2 nanoswitches have shown superb ultralow switching energies without excessive leakage currents. However, the debate about the origin and volatility of electrical switching is unresolved due to the lack of adequate nanoimaging of devices in operando. Here, three optical techniques are combined to perform the first noninvasive in situ characterization of nanosized MoS2 devices. This study reveals volatile threshold resistive switching due to the intercalation of metallic atoms from electrodes directly between Mo and S atoms, without the assistance of sulfur vacancies. A “semi‐memristive” effect driven by an organic adlayer adjacent to MoS2 is observed, which suggests that nonvolatility can be achieved by careful interface engineering. These findings provide a crucial understanding of nanoprocess in vertically biased MoS2 nanosheets, which opens new routes to conscious engineering and optimization of 2D electronics.
High‐Temperature Oxidation‐Resistant Printed Copper Conductors
Authors: Khuje Saurabh , Alshatnawi Firas , Alhendi Mohammed , Yu Jian , Sheng Aaron , Huang Yulong , Zhuang Cheng‐Gang , Armstrong Jason , Zhou Chi , Poliks Mark , Ren Shenqiang
Published: December 2022

Advanced materials, electrically conductive and oxidation resistant, are frontrunners for technological advancements in cutting‐edge high‐temperature electronics. Rational design and manufacturing of hierarchical material structures is indispensable to achieve such disparate functionalities. Here, high‐temperature copper–graphene conductors, through additive manufacturing, which prohibits oxygen adsorbates and serves as the barrier for oxygen migration to enable electric stability and reliability at high temperatures, are reported. The combination of graphene and alumina surface passivation enables the electric stability of copper–graphene under thermal impact above 1000 °C. The findings shown here, the synergistic combination of high conductivity and oxidation resistance, enunciate the passivation capabilities for additively manufactured flexible electronics operating under harsh conditions.
Emulating Nociceptive Receptor and LIF Neuron Behavior via ZrOx‐based Threshold Switching Memristor
Authors: Yang Jia‐He , Mao Shi‐Cheng , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Chen Jen‐Sue
Published: December 2022

For the progress of artificial neural networks, the imitation of multiple biological functions is indispensable for processing more tasks in a complex working environment. Memristors, which possess these advantages such as uniformity, high switching speed, and smaller device scale, are the better candidates compared to conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology in artificial neural networks. In this work, an Ag/ZrOx/Pt threshold switching memristor (TSM) is designed to overcome the drawback of the large variation in the non‐volatile filament type memristor. The cycle‐to‐cycle and device‐to‐device variations are 5.6% and 4.9%. This device has mimicked the “nociceptive threshold,” “relaxation,” “no adaptation,” and “sensitization” features for the nociceptor which can prevent the artificial intelligence system from dangers in the external environment. Additionally, with the change in the strength of the external stimulus, the artificial neuron is also built by emulating “all‐or‐nothing,” “threshold‐driven‐spiking,” and “strength‐modulated” characteristics. The proposed threshold‐switching memristor allows the simultaneous emulation of the biological nociceptor and leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron for the first time, which represents an advance in the bioinspired technology adopted in future artificial neural networks and humanoid robots.
Extraordinarily Weak Temperature Dependence of the Drain Current in Small‐Molecule Schottky‐Contact‐Controlled Transistors through Active‐Layer and Contact Interplay
Authors: Bestelink Eva , Teng Hao‐Jing , Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Sporea Radu A.
Published: December 2022

Low saturation voltages and extremely high intrinsic gain can be achieved in contact‐controlled thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with staggered device architecture, enabled by the energy barrier introduced at the source contact. The resulting device, the source‐gated transistor (SGT), is limited in its usefulness by the high temperature dependence of the drain current induced by the source energy barrier. Here, the interaction between the thermal characteristics of the source contact and the semiconductor to show drastically reduced temperature dependence for SGTs based on organic semiconductors (OSGTs) is exploited. This extraordinarily weak temperature dependence of the drain current is observed regardless of the height of the source energy barrier (27.8% in OSGTs with Ti contacts compared to 22.1% when using Au contacts, over a 34 K range). The reduction in mobility of the semiconductor offsets an increase in thermionic‐field emission of charge carriers at the source. This is a first for SGTs and provides a route to removing one of the last hurdles to their wider adoption. The OSGTs with Ti contacts also demonstrate: drain‐current saturation at very low drain‐source voltages (saturation factor of 0.22); noteworthy stability after 70 days; and minimal drain‐current variation with channel length or illumination.
A Gate Multiplexing Architecture‐Based Artificial Visual Sensor and Memory System
Authors: Liao Cen , Wang Wei , Sun Yi , Wang Yongzhou , Liu Sen , Tong Peiwen , Li Qingjiang
Published: December 2022

The human visual system plays the most important role in information perception. Inspired by its structure and processing mechanism, novel optoelectronic memristor‐based artificial visual systems have emerged, thanks to the advantages of time latency and energy efficiency. However, the established systems lack a complete hardware supporting system to demonstrate the potential of large‐scale integration. Herein for the first time, a gate multiplexing architecture for optical signal sensor and memory integration is proposed, which can achieve multivalue storage of 3‐bit optical signal in the analog domain. Based on this novel structure, an artificial visual sensor and memory system (AVSMS) is implemented with a 5 × 6 photodiode array, an I/V conversion circuit, and a 32 × 32 1T1R memristor array for image sensor and memory integration. Furthermore, a parallel pipeline storage strategy is proposed to enable AVSMS to store 32 images with a size of 5 × 6 pixels and 3‐bit grayscale without erasing operation and achieve an ideal frame rate of more than 60 000 frames per second for high‐speed storage. Experimental results demonstrate that AVSMS can directly eliminate repeated background information in sequential images through peripheral hardware circuitry. The AVSMS provides a promising hardware solution for large‐scale image sensor and memory integration in artificial visual systems.
Atropoenantioselective Arylation of 5‐Amino‐Isothiazoles with Methyl p‐Quinone Carboxylate
Authors: Yan Yingkun , Li Min , Shi Quan , Huang Min , Li Wenzhe , Cao Lianyi , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: December 2022

Isothiazole units exist in many natural products and pharmaceutics. Up to now, construction of isothiazole‐containing axially chiral biaryls has not been reported yet. Herein we disclose a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed atropoenantioselective arylation of 5‐amino‐isothiazoles with methyl p‐quinone carboxylate. Various novel isothiazole‐containing axially chiral biaryls were achieved in moderate to good yields (up to 95%) with generally moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). In addition, the structure of one product was determined by an X‐ray crystal structural analysis and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Total Syntheses of h5‐HT2A Receptor Antagonist, FPTase Inhibitor, FGIN‐1‐27 and its Analog by Exploiting NHC‐Catalyzed Imine Umpolung as Key Step
Authors: Harish Battu , Reddy Manyam Subbi , Suresh Surisetti
Published: December 2022

The total syntheses of h5‐HT2A receptor antagonist, FPTase inhibitor, FGIN‐1‐27 and its analog have been accomplished from readily accessible starting materials such as ortho‐amino cinnamyl ester/amides and substituted benzaldehydes. The N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reaction enabled the synthesis of versatile intermediates, 2‐aryl indole‐3‐acetic acid derivatives. Further synthetic manipulations such as N‐alkylation, ester hydrolysis, amide bond formation, and carbonyl reduction delivered the titled biologically potent molecules in very good overall yields.
Prevalence of Mutations in Mendelian Stroke Genes in Early Onset Stroke Patients
Authors: Park Hong‐Kyun , Lee Keon‐Joo , Park Jong‐Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Han Moon‐Ku , Kang Jihoon , Kim Beom Joon , Park Tai Hwan , Park Moo‐Seok , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Jun , Hong Keun‐Sik , Cho Yong‐Jin , Lee Byung‐Chul , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Kim Joon‐Tae , Choi Kang‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Eog , Ryu Wi‐Sun , Choi Jay Chol , Kwon Jee‐Hyun , Kim Wook‐Joo , Shin Dong‐Ick , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong‐Ho , Lee Juneyoung , Lee Kyunghoon , Song Junghan , Bae Joon Seol , Cheong Hyun Sub , Debette Stéphanie , Bae Hee‐Joon
Published: December 2022

Objective

Heritability of stroke is assumed not to be low, especially in the young stroke population. However, most genetic studies have been performed in highly selected patients with typical clinical or neuroimaging characteristics. We investigated the prevalence of 15 Mendelian stroke genes and explored the relationships between variants and the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in a large, unselected, young stroke population.

Methods

We enrolled patients aged ≤55 years with stroke or transient ischemic attack from a prospective, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry. We identified clinically relevant genetic variants (CRGVs) in 15 Mendelian stroke genes (GLA, NOTCH3, HTRA1, RNF213, ACVRL1, ENG, CBS, TREX1, ABCC6, COL4A1, FBN1, NF1, COL3A1, MT‐TL1, and APP) using a customized, targeted next generation sequencing panel.

Results

Among 1,033 patients, 131 (12.7%) had 28 CRGVs, most frequently in RNF213 (n = 59), followed by ABCC6 (n = 53) and NOTCH3 (n = 15). The frequency of CRGVs differed by ischemic stroke subtypes (p < 0.01): the highest in other determined etiology (20.1%), followed by large artery atherosclerosis (13.6%). It also differed between patients aged ≤35 years and those aged 51 to 55 years (17.1% vs 9.3%, p = 0.02). Only 27.1% and 26.7% of patients with RNF213 and NOTCH3 variants had typical neuroimaging features of the corresponding disorders, respectively. Variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) were found in 15.4% patients.

Interpretation

CRGVs in 15 Mendelian stroke genes may not be uncommon in the young stroke population. The majority of patients with CRGVs did not have typical features of the corresponding monogenic disorders. Clinical implications of having CRGVs or VUSs should be explored. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:768–782
Ranking Peptide Binders by Affinity with AlphaFold**
Authors: Chang Liwei , Perez Alberto
Published: December 2022

AlphaFold has revolutionized structural biology by predicting highly accurate structures of proteins and their complexes with peptides and other proteins. However, for protein‐peptide systems, we are also interested in identifying the highest affinity binder among a set of candidate peptides. We present a novel competitive binding assay using AlphaFold to predict structures of the receptor in the presence of two peptides. For systems in which the individual structures of the peptides are well predicted, the assay captures the higher affinity binder in the bound state, and the other peptide in the unbound form with statistical significance. We test the application on six protein receptors for which we have experimental binding affinities to several peptides. We find that the assay is best suited for identifying medium to strong peptide binders that adopt stable secondary structures upon binding.
Collective Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Cyclobutanes Enabled by Enantioconvergent Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Cyclobutenones
Authors: Yan Min , Zhou Qiang , Lu Ping
Published: December 2022

Cyclobutenones provide a straightforward four‐carbon ring platform for further structural elaborations in that every carbon atom of the ring could be potentially functionalized. We report here a nickel catalyzed enantioconvergent Negishi coupling of 4‐iodocyclobutenones with an array of aryl or alkenyl zinc reagents to access enantioenriched 4‐substituted cyclobutenones, from which a modular approach to the synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes was demonstrated.
Recent Applications of Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Qin Qixue , Cheng Zengrui , Jiao Ning
Published: December 2022

Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride has been widely used in synthetic organic chemistry, not only for the conversion of various oxygen‐containing compounds to the triflates, but also for the electrophilic activation and further conversion of amides, sulfoxides, and phosphorus oxides. In recent years, the utilization of Tf2O as an activator for nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, nitriles and nitro groups has become a promising tool for the development of new valuable methods with considerable success. In addition, Tf2O has been used as an efficient radical trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation reagent due to the contained SO2CF3fragment, and significant progress has been made in this area. This review summarizes the recent progress in the applications of Tf2O in the above two aspects, and aims to illustrate the role and potential application of this reagent in organic synthesis.
An Anomalous Electron Configuration Among 3d Transition Metal Atoms
Authors: Tang Zhexin , Shang Tongtong , Xu Han , Lin Ting , Gao Ang , Lin Weiguang , Li Xinyan , Wang Shiyu , Yu Botao , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Xuefeng , Su Dong , Meng Qingbo , Wu Lijun , Gu Lin , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: December 2022

Physical properties of materials are mainly determined by valence electron configurations, where different valence shells would induce divergent phenomena. In compounds containing Sc2+, 3d electron occupancy is expected, the same as other transition metal atoms like Ti3+. But this situation still awaits experimental verification in inorganic materials. Here, we selected ScS to measure the valence electron density and orbital population of Sc2+ through delicate quantitative convergent‐beam electron diffraction. With the absence of 3d orbital features around Sc‐atom sites and the nearly bare population of t2g orbital, the unintuitive occupation of 4s orbital in Sc2+ is concluded. It should be the first time to report such a special electron configuration in a transition metal compound, in which 4s rather than 3d orbital is preferred. Our findings reveal the distinct behavior of Sc and probable ways to modulate material properties by controlling electron orbitals.
Synthesis of silver complexes with chelating bidentate N‐heterocyclic ligands, their application in catalytic A3 coupling, and as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Mateus Miguel , Kiss Anita , Císařová Ivana , Karpiński Tomasz M. , Rycek Lukas
Published: December 2022

We present a synthesis of novel silver complexes stabilized by bidentate ligands based on N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) linked with a bisamide linker. The ligand stabilizes the silver ion in a rare chelating mode. The synthesis of the complex depends on the equimolar ratio of the silver source and the ligand precursor. In case the excess of the silver source is used, the reaction leads to the formation of an unprecedented tetranuclear silver complex, stabilized by two equivalents of the ligand, where each of the silver atoms is coordinated by one NHC and one amide moiety. The silver complexes were applied as a catalyst in a multicomponent A3 coupling and proved to be a very efficient catalyst. The reaction provided desired products in yields up to 96%, and the use of low catalytic loading, as low as 0.1 mol%, was possible without significantly compromising the effectivity of the reaction. Moreover, the complexes showed broad spectra of antimicrobial activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range of 1 to 31 μg/ml against several Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi. Presented complexes represent synthetically challenging molecules, which show great applicability in catalysis and outstanding potential as antimicrobial agents.
Study on a new four‐fiber sensor signal processing algorithm of hydrodynamic characteristics in liquid–liquid two‐phase flow
Authors: Yan Ruihan , Xie Haiyan , Chen Shuang , Gao Yang , Jin Lei , Hou Hongguo , Jiao Caishan , Zhou Yu , Zhang Meng
Published: December 2022

In the process of two‐phase countercurrent flow in the extraction column, the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of dispersed phase droplets is crucial for the design and scaling up of the extraction column. In a pulsed extraction column with a liquid–liquid system, the four‐sensor optical fiber probe was used to assess the hydrodynamic characteristics of the dispersed phase droplets, including size, mean velocity, and holdup. 1 M HNO3 and 30% TBP/kerosene were used as continuous phase and dispersed phase, respectively. The effects of two‐phase superficial velocities and pulsation intensity were investigated on droplet size, mean velocity, and holdup. The findings show that aside from the local holdup, the pulsation intensity has the greatest impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics. A new and concise algorithm was used to deal with the light signals to determine the droplet size and mean velocity. This algorithm created two Cartesian coordinate systems, each with a separate z‐axis using the leading probe as the origin of the coordinate instead of using the vector approach. Compared to the previous algorithm, both the needed number of the time interval between the voltage peaks and that of the direction angles decrease. The relative error of the droplet size obtained by this improved algorithm is within 7%, and droplet velocity is almost the same, compared to the previous algorithm, which indicates that the new algorithm of the four‐sensor optical fiber signal processing is reliable to the measurement of the hydrodynamic characteristics.
Fabrication and characterization of chemical crosslinked cellulose fiber by dissolving cellulose in alkali urea aqueous solvent
Authors: Liu Xinglin , Zhu Xinhai , Peng Junwu , Song Dengpeng , Xu Weilin , Zhu Kunkun
Published: December 2022

Sustainable materials fabricated from natural polymers have attracted much attentions because of their multiple advantages like abundant renewable resource, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity, while their actually application often restricted by mechanical properties. Chemical crosslinking method was usually used to improve the mechanical properties of cellulose materials such as hydrogel, film, aerogel, and so forth. Here, cellulose fibers were fabricated from cellulose solution in alkali/urea aqueous solvent by chemical crosslinking with epichlorohydrin in a PVC hose. The chemical crosslinked cellulose fibers exhibited smooth surface and circular cross‐section. Their tensile strength increased from 128 to 368 MPa by adjusting cellulose concentration, ECH concentration, and draw ratio. The crystallinity of the fibers changed from 43.1% to 49.8% after drawing process. Meanwhile, the fibers exhibited a brighter color after dyeing than the viscose rayon. This work promising an avenue for preparation of mechanical strong cellulose fibers.
Artificial intelligence in the work context
Authors: Jarrahi Mohammad Hossein , Lutz Christoph , Boyd Karen , Oesterlund Carsten , Willis Matthew
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) reconfigures work and organization, while work and organization shape AI. In this special issue, we explore these mutual transformations and how they play out across industries and occupations. We argue that, to truly appreciate this transformative power, the use of AI should be understood in relation to key dimensions of the work context. In this editorial, we discuss the sociotechnical dynamics of AI implementation, the research landscape of AI in the context of work, and key contextual factors on the macro‐ and micro‐level that help understand the AI‐work nexus. We then provide directions for future research at the intersection of work and AI.
Revisiting the Relation Between the Stability of the LUMO of the Electrolytes and the Kinetics of Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation in Lithium‐ and Post‐Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Madhusudhanan Mithun C. , Kumar Sreelakshmi Anil , Nair Swetha , Srinivasan Nikitha , Buragohain Madhurja , Kunnikuruvan Sooraj
Published: December 2022

Despite their high theoretical capacity, the practical application of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) and post‐LIBs with metal anodes are limited due to their poor safety and electrochemical performance. Solid electrolyte interface (SEI) was found to have an important role in this. It was found that SEI on metal anodes is overgrown and non‐uniform owing to their high reactivity, which in turn affects the performance of metal anode‐based batteries. Recent studies indicate that modulating the properties of the SEI is a good strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries. In this regard, identifying the critical reactivity descriptors that can provide insights into the SEI formation kinetics is of large importance. Herein, we performed computational studies involving 53 selected ion‐solvent complexes that represent 53 commonly used electrolytes and 12 salt molecules in LIBs and post‐LIBs. Unlike previous studies which considered the LUMO energy of the electrolyte as the suitable chemical reactivity descriptor, this study shows that electron affinity and electrophilicity of the individual ions and solvents that constitute the electrolytes are more suitable and general chemical reactivity descriptors for predicting the SEI formation kinetics. In addition to suggesting suitable approaches to modulate the SEI formation kinetics, this study also brings light to the critical role of the ion‐solvent combination in determining the SEI formation kinetics.
Effects of online brain training on self‐reported mental health symptoms for generally healthy adults during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Laane Sarah A. , Cook Lori G. , Spence Jeffrey S. , Harris Michelle N. , Chapman Sandra Bond
Published: December 2022

Background

The cognitive training Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) has been shown to improve symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress when completed using in‐person delivery, but mental health outcomes have not yet been studied for online delivery of SMART.

Methods

Data was analyzed from 145 generally healthy adults participating in the BrainHealth Project pilot study who had access to 12 weeks of online self‐paced SMART and self‐reported mental health symptoms on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21) pre‐ and post‐training. We utilized linear models to examine the change in self‐reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress following the 12‐week training period and to explore the influence of age, gender, and education on changes in symptomatology. Data from 44 participants who completed a follow‐up DASS‐21 6 months after completing SMART was used to explore the lasting impact of the training.

Results

Improvements in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were observed following online SMART, evidenced by a significant decrease in self‐reported symptoms on the DASS‐21. Improvement in self‐reported mental health symptomatology was maintained or continued to improve 6‐month post‐training. No significant effect of gender was observed, but findings motivate additional exploration of the effects of education and age.

Conclusion

Online SMART should be considered a low‐cost, high‐impact approach for supporting public mental health for generally healthy adults.
Enzyme‐responsive macrocyclic metal complexes for biomedical imaging
Authors: Le Quoc‐Viet , Lee Jaiwoo , Ko Seungbeom , Kim Hyunjung , Vu Thien Y , Choe Yearn Seong , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Shim Gayong
Published: December 2022

Metal chelator‐based contrast agents are used as tumor navigators for cancer diagnosis. Although approved metal chelators show excellent contrast performance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), large doses are required for cancer diagnoses due to rapid clearance and nonspecific accumulation throughout the body, which can compromise safety. The present study describes an enzyme‐responsive metal delivery system, in which enzyme overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment selectively activates the tumor uptake of gadolinium (Gd). Gd was loaded into enzyme‐responsive macrocyclam (ErMC) modified with a PEGylated enzyme‐cleavable peptide resulting in Gd@ErMC. The PEGylated shell layer protected Gd@ErMC from nonspecific binding in the blood, increasing the half‐life of the contrast agent. Specific cleavage of the PEGylated shell layer by the enzyme selectively liberated Gd from Gd@ErMC at the tumor site. Evaluation of the in vivo distribution of Gd@ErMC in tumor‐bearing mice by MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) showed that Gd@ErMC had an extended half‐life and was highly specific. Histological and serological analysis of Gd@ErMC‐treated mice showed that this agent was safe. This novel enzyme‐responsive contrast agent delivery system shows promise as specific theranostic agent for MR‐guided radiotherapy.
Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and prognosis of patients with solitary large hepatocellular carcinomas (≥5 cm): Multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Mo Ali , Zhang Qiao , Xia Feng , Huang Zhiyuan , Peng Shasha , Cao Wenjing , Mei Hongliang , Ren Li , Su Yang , Gao Hengyi , Chen Weiqiang
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Large hepatocellular carcinoma (LHCC) is prone to short‐term recurrence and poor long‐term survival after hepatectomy, and there is still a lack of effective neoadjuvant treatments to improve recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in solitary LHCC (≥5 cm).

Materials and Methods

A multicenter medical database was used to analyze preoperative TACE's effects on RFS, OS, and perioperative complications in patients with solitary LHCC who received surgical treatment from January 2005 to December 2015. The patients were divided into Group A (5.0–9.9 cm) and Group B (≥10 cm), with 10 cm as the critical value, and the effect of preoperative TACE on RFS, OS and perioperative complications was assessed in each subgroup.

Results

In the overall population, patients with preoperative TACE had better RFS and OS than those without preoperative TACE. However, after stratifying the patients into the two HCC groups, preoperative TACE only improved the survival outcomes of patients with Group B (≥10 cm). Multivariate Cox‐regression analysis showed that lack of preoperative TACE was an independent risk factor for RFS and OS in the overall population and in Group B but not in Group A.

Conclusions

Preoperative TACE is beneficial for patients with solitary HCC (≥10 cm).
Developing a comorbidity score in cancer patients using healthcare utilization databases during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An experience from Italy
Authors: Lasalvia Paolo , Trama Annalisa , Botta Laura , Franchi Matteo , Bernasconi Alice
Published: December 2022

Background

A strong relationship has been observed between comorbidities and the risk of severe/fatal COVID‐19 manifestations, but no score is available to evaluate their association in cancer patients. To make up for this lacuna, we aimed to develop a comorbidity score for cancer patients, based on the Lombardy Region healthcare databases.

Methods

We used hospital discharge records to identify patients with a new diagnosis of solid cancer between February and December 2019; 61 comorbidities were retrieved within 2 years before cancer diagnosis. This cohort was split into training and validation sets. In the training set, we used a LASSO‐logistic model to identify comorbidities associated with the risk of developing a severe/fatal form of COVID‐19 during the first pandemic wave (March–May 2020). We used a logistic model to estimate comorbidity score weights and then we divided the score into five classes (<=−1, 0, 1, 2–4, >=5). In the validation set, we assessed score performance by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots. We repeated the process on second pandemic wave (October–December 2020) data.

Results

We identified 55,425 patients with an incident solid cancer. We selected 21 comorbidities as independent predictors. The first four score classes showed similar probability of experiencing the outcome (0.2% to 0.5%), while the last showed a probability equal to 5.8%. The score performed well in both the first and second pandemic waves: AUC 0.85 and 0.82, respectively. Our results were robust for major cancer sites too (i.e., colorectal, lung, female breast, and prostate).

Conclusions

We developed a high performance comorbidity score for cancer patients and COVID‐19. Being based on administrative databases, this score will be useful for adjusting for comorbidity confounding in epidemiological studies on COVID‐19 and cancer impact.
Look to recent soccer tragedy for emergency management lessons
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: December 2022

In October 2022, Persebaya soccer club won a 3–2 match over rival Arema in Malang, Indonesia. It was the first time Arema lost to Persebava in 23 years; incensed fans stormed the pitch in a stampede that ended with tear gas and at least 125 dead.
Creating law on states’ registered sex offender registries
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: December 2022

By now I hope you have looked at your state's sex offender registry, or better yet, reviewed several states’ registries. These websites do provide consistent information on registered sex offenders. However, obtaining that information on each website is somewhat different.
A 3‐year analysis of the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on NSTEMI incidence, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes
Authors: Hyder Syed A. , Schoenl Samantha A. , Kesiena Onoriode , Ali Syed H. , Davis Kathryn , Murrow Jonathan R.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with decreased incidence of acute coronary syndrome with worsened outcomes. Few studies have addressed the effects beyond the initial phases of the pandemic. This study elucidated the incidence, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of NSTEMI at a tertiary referral center from sample time periods of 2019–2022.

Methods

This study included consecutive NSTEMI patients from March 14–May 9, 2019–2022. Variables included baseline characteristics, clinical features on arrival, management strategy, time parameters, and adverse outcomes. The primary outcome was defined as death, heart failure requiring diuretics, and/or sustained ventricular arrhythmia.

Results

This study comprised 250 patients of whom 181 who were admitted during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Baseline characteristics were similar among groups. There was a reduction in door‐to‐angiography time from 29 h in 2019 to 19 h in 2020 [p = 0.01] and 20 h in 2021 [p = 0.02]. PCI intervention increased from 31.8% in 2019% to 50.0% in 2020 [p = 0.05] and 54.7% in 2021 [p < 0.01]. Median length‐of‐stay (LOS) was reduced from 3 days in 2019 to 2 days in 2020 [p = 0.03]. There was no significant change in outcomes in COVID‐19 cohorts compared to control year.

Conclusions

NSTEMI patients during the first 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with reduced door‐to‐angiography times and increased percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and patients in year one were associated with reduced LOS. This study suggests that NSTEMI may be managed more efficiently thus reducing hospital bed utilization and potential costs.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfinative Cross‐Coupling of Polyhalogenated Aryl Triflates with Aryl Sulfinate Salts: Inversion of Traditional Chemoselectivity†
Authors: Wang Miao , Yuen On Ying , So Chau Ming
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary

This paper presents the first general examples of palladium‐catalyzed desulfinative cross‐coupling reaction of polyhalogenated aryl triflates with aryl sulfinate salts showing an inversion of the conventional reactivity order of C—Br > C—Cl > C—OTf. The catalyst system, comprising of Pd(OAc)2 and tBuPhSelectPhos, exhibited excellent catalytic reactivity and chemoselectivity toward this reaction. This reaction had a wide range of substrate scopes and provided a simple and efficient method for the construction of functionalized biaryl motifs. Notably, the C—H···Pd interaction from the methine hydrogen of the C2‐cyclohexyl group of the indolyl phosphine ligand with the Pd center may contribute a key factor in reactivity and chemoselectivity. Assisting with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the results revealed that the oxidative addition step in this reaction was a controlling‐chemoselectivity step.
The mystery of posttreatment cancer surveillance
Authors: Cho Clifford S.
Published: December 2022

The survival benefit of posttreatment cancer surveillance remains a mystery. In this issue of Cancer, Fu and coauthors present a rational, data‐driven approach by which the true impact of surveillance could be measured for patients following surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Research on frequency band sparse optimization algorithm in health index of rolling bearing
Authors: Song Ren‐wang , Yang Lei , Chen Lin‐ying , Dong Zeng‐shou
Published: December 2022

The construction of health indicators of rolling bearing is significant for the monitoring of its health condition and residual life prediction. The main work is based on the frequency band sparse optimization algorithm in the rolling bearing health index. On the one hand, the index construction method based on machine learning model has poor interpretability; on the other hand, there are many interference components in the original vibration signal, extracting statistical features directly based on the original signal as a poor health indicator. For the above problems, this paper proposes a rolling bearing health index construction method based on sparse frequency band characterization. First, the signal including each independent sub‐band has been obtained by wavelet packet decomposition. Second, a sparse model is constructed by combining the sub‐band amplitudes and matrices decomposed by the wavelet packet in the fault state and the normal state, so as to select the frequency band sensitive to the fault information. Thereafter, the spectral amplitude sum of sensitive frequency band (SASSFB) is calculated as a health indicator that reflects the degradation information during the complete life operation of the rolling bearing. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by utilizing the published bearing accelerated life experimental data set.
Uncertainty‐aware scheduling of real‐time workflows under deadline constraints on multi‐cloud systems
Authors: Xu Jin , Yu Huiqun , Fan Guisheng , Zhang Jiayin
Published: December 2022

The elasticity and pay‐as‐you‐go features of cloud computing are popular with customers, and more and more workflow applications are migrating to cloud platforms. Many workflow scheduling algorithms aim to obtain minimal rental costs. However, most of the existing research assumes that task execution time is deterministic. In fact, due to the performance fluctuations of VMs, the task execution time is uncertain before scheduling. Furthermore, many works ignore the cost savings given by multi‐cloud systems. To this end, this paper provides a scheduling framework for real‐time workflows. The framework includes four main components: the workflow analyzer, task pool, task allocation controller, and resource manager. Then based on the framework, we propose the RWSMC heuristic algorithm. The algorithm's goal is to minimize the total rental cost while satisfying the deadline constraints and ensuring the reliability of task execution. The RWSMC algorithm reduces the cost by selecting the appropriate billing mechanism based on the task's execution time and mitigates the impact of uncertain execution time by scheduling the task to the VM with the shortest predicted start time. Simulation experiments demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms three recent state‐of‐the‐art scheduling algorithms in the total rental cost, deadline violation rate, and VM resource utilization.
Girl's and women's experiences of seeking mental health support for symptoms associated with psychosis. A narrative review
Authors: Roberts Sarah , Parry Sarah
Published: December 2022

Background

Women are more likely than men to experience symptoms associated with psychosis, such as voice hearing, and more likely to seek mental health support. However, little is known about the emotional experiences of girls and young women who seek help for symptoms of psychosis to inform gender sensitive services and access routes. The current review offers the first focused insights into barriers and facilitators relating to help seeking for girls and women experiencing symptoms of psychosis.

Methods

OneSearch, PubMed, and PsychINFO databases were searched for suitable papers in relation to the research question between November 2021 and February 2022; 139 papers were found, of which eight met the inclusion criteria for review.

Results

Across the eight papers reviewed, participants were aged 15‐ to 71‐years‐old. From the participant numbers available, data from a total of 54,907 participants from a range of demographic groups were included in the review. Results and findings sections from the eight papers were reviewed for themes, and four overarching themes emerged: (1) The emotional cost of seeking help, (2) voice hearing for girls and women, (3) side effects of treatment, and (4) facilitators to accessing support.

Discussion

Engagement in talking therapies can be difficult when services minimize the experience of psychosis‐related symptoms. Women may be more likely to have their symptom‐related distress diagnosed as a mood disorder, rather than symptoms of psychosis being identified, preventing timely tailored intervention. Normalization, psychoeducation, social support, and validation were recommended as helpful interventions.
A guideline for the appropriate recognition of shared resource laboratories in publication
Authors: Ferrer‐Font Laura , Schmidt Alfonso , Ronchese Franca , Price Kylie M.
Published: December 2022

The issue of what level of contribution warrants authorship, determining a fair order of authors and when and whom to acknowledge in publications is often a cause of debate, and in some instances, has also been a focus of conflict at certain institutions. Shared resource laboratories (SRLs) play a fundamental role in supporting publications, and SRL staff scientists can contribute to numerous areas such as experimental design, sample preparation, data acquisition, data analysis and manuscript drafting and review. However, SRL staff scientists are often unfairly omitted from the author list. To avoid SRLs and SRL staff scientist contributions going unnoticed, the authors have formulated a set of guidelines to aid in the conceptualization and recognition of the technical and intellectual contributions of SRLs. As a better understanding of the role SRL staff scientists play in the achievement of the scientific lead's experimental aims will foster a positive feedback loop, where acknowledgements can lead to more support and funding for SRLs and more engaged SRL staff capable of supporting discoveries and technological innovations that underpin major advancements in the field of life sciences.
Photoinduced α‐Alkylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Organoboron Reagent Enabled by Organic Photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Pu , Meng Ke , Guo Shi‐Huan , Wang Meng‐Yue , Gao Ya‐Ru , Wang Yong‐Qiang
Published: December 2022

We describe an efficient method for α‐functionalization of N‐aryl‐tetrahydroisoquinolines under visible‐light‐irradiation catalyzed by organic photocatalyst. This protocol provides a concise and environmental approach for the rapid allylation and benzylation of N‐aryl‐tetrahydroisoquinolines, and shows broad substrate scope. Stable organoboron reagents have shown their ability in the construction of challenging Csp3−Csp3 bond. The load of the photocatalyst is low and the oxidant is inexpensive and less toxic.
Accounting for earthquake‐induced ground‐motion duration in building‐portfolio loss assessment
Authors: Otárola Kenneth , Gentile Roberto , Sousa Luis , Galasso Carmine
Published: December 2022

Earthquake‐induced ground‐motion duration can have a non‐negligible impact on the nonlinear seismic performance of structures. However, in current seismic risk assessment practice, hazard and vulnerability analyses generally only consider ground motion's amplitude and frequency‐content features, often relegating duration to implicit considerations. This study introduces a simulation‐based framework to explicitly quantify the impact of ground‐motion duration on building‐portfolio direct economic losses. Case‐study synthetic building portfolios located at different distances from a case‐study seismic source (i.e., fault) are assembled considering – individually and in combination – three building typologies representing distinct vulnerability classes in Southern Italy. Such typologies correspond to non‐ductile moment‐resisting reinforced concrete (RC) infilled frames designed to only sustain gravity loads (i.e.,pre‐codeinfilled frames), and ductile moment‐resisting RC infilled and bare frames designed considering seismic provisions for high‐ductility capacity (i.e.,special‐codeinfilled and bare frames). Event‐based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is performed explicitly simulating duration jointly with spectral‐shape‐related intensity measures (IMs), accounting for their spatial and cross‐correlation. Sets of ground‐motion records are selected to conduct cloud‐based nonlinear time‐history analyses (NLTHAs) and derive fragility models for each considered building typology through archetype structures, simulating their structural response using computational models that account for stiffness and strength cyclic and in‐cycle deterioration as well as destabilising effects. Fragility models are derived using average pseudo‐spectral acceleration (in a range of periods of interest) as the primary IM and alternatively: (1) the dissipated hysteretic energy as an engineering demand parameter (EDP), implicitly accounting for duration given the cumulative nature of such an EDP and the adopted nonlinear modelling strategy, in a scalar format; (2) the dissipated hysteretic energy as an EDP, as before, explicitly considering duration as an IM together with spectral shape, in a vector‐valued format. Vulnerability models are then derived using the fragility models and appropriate building‐level damage‐to‐loss models. The portfolio loss exceedance curves and expected annual losses computed for each combination of exposure, hazard, and vulnerability models are critically assessed and discussed. Depending on the portfolio's size, exposure composition, location relative to the fault, site conditions and the seismic source model, the impact of duration on the loss estimates can be significant. For the considered settings, relative variations up to 200% between the scalar‐ and vector‐valued‐based portfolios expected annual losses are observed, attaining the highest discrepancies as the fault‐to‐portfolio distance increases.
Identifying discontinuities of flood frequency curves
Authors: Miniussi Arianna , Merz Ralf , Kaule Lisa , Basso Stefano
Published: December 2022

Discontinuities in flood frequency curves, here referred to as flood
divides, hinder the estimation of rare floods. In this paper we develop
an automated methodology for the detection of flood divides from
observations and models, and apply it to a large set of case studies in
the USA and Germany. We then assess the reliability of the
PHysically-based Extreme Value (PHEV) distribution of river flows to
identify catchments that might experience a flood divide, validating its
results against observations. This tool is suitable for the
identification of flood divides, with a high correct detection rate
especially in the autumn and summer seasons. It instead tends to
indicate the emergence of flood divides not visible in the observations
in spring and winter. We examine possible reasons of this behavior,
finding them in the typical streamflow dynamics of the concerned case
studies. By means of a controlled experiment we also re-evaluate
detection capabilities of observations and PHEV after discarding the
highest maxima for all cases where both empirical and theoretical
estimates display flood divides. PHEV mostly confirms its capability to
detect a flood divide as observed in the original flood frequency curve,
even if the shortened one does not show it. These findings prove its
reliability for the identification of flood divides and set the premises
for a deeper investigation of physiographic and hydroclimatic attributes
controlling the emergence of discontinuities in flood frequency curves.