bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sammelrohr-Karzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Therapie des klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinoms große Fortschritte gemacht. Allerdings hat das metastasierte Sammelrohr-Karzinom der Niere (Ductus-Bellini-Karzinom, mCDC) als seltene und besonders aggressive Entität nicht davon profitiert. Die BONSAI-Studie untersuchte als erste prospektive Studie die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit des Multikinase-Inhibitors Cabozantinib beim unbehandelten mCDC. Cabozantinib erreichte den primären Endpunkt – das Gesamtansprechen (ORR), die Überlebensrate betrug nach 12 Monaten 43 %, ähnlich wie nach platinbasierten Chemotherapien. Der Multi-TKI verursachte allerdings deutlich weniger unerwünschte Ereignisse.
Immunstärkende Nahrungsergänzungsmittel
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat in den USA das Geschäft mit Nahrungssupplementen raketenartig beflügelt. Die Umsätze von immunstimulierend deklarierten Präparaten betrugen 2019 etwa 3,4 Milliarden US-Dollar und stiegen bis Ende 2020 auf jährlich fast 6 Milliarden. Eine aktuelle Fallstudie offenbart gravierende Mängel in der Deklaration. Nur 13 von 30 Produkten nannten korrekt die Inhaltsstoffe und erfüllten die Kriterien für wahrscheinliche Unbedenklichkeit.
Patientenversorgung bei Tumorerkrankungen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

Etwa 80 % der Patienten mit Malignomen sind mangelernährt mit negativen Folgen für die Morbidität und Mortalität. Depressionen und Angst sind ebenfalls häufige Phänomene, die sich mit den Symptomen einer Mangelernährung überlappen. Die Autoren der prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie bestätigen die Assoziation und stellen in der Diskussion fest: Obwohl psychische Probleme behandelbar sind, erhielten 3 von 4 Patienten mit Depression keine entsprechende psychiatrische Therapie.
Immuntherapie mit PD-1-/PD-L1-Antikörpern
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

Die Immuntherapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) hat die Prognose zahlreicher Tumorerkrankungen verbessert, aber nicht alle Patienten profitieren davon. In der retrospektiven Analyse mit 114 Patienten in einem Real-World-Setting eigneten sich Biomarker im Blut für die Vorhersage, vor allem, wenn sie gemeinsam betrachtet wurden.
Metastasiertes Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

Fortschritte in der Strahlentherapie, insbesondere die stereotaktische Radiatio (RT), spielen beim primär strahlenresistenten metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom (mRCC) eine wachsende Rolle. In der retrospektiven Studie erhielten Patienten mit mRCC eine Immuntherapie (IO) in der Erst- oder Zweitlinie. Eine zusätzliche RT war mit einem 38 % geringeren 2-Jahres-Überleben assoziiert. Allerdings hatte die Gruppe mit RT mehr Gehirn- und Knochenmetastasen und wahrscheinlich fortgeschrittenere Erkrankungen.
Wieder im Hier und Jetzt
Authors: Tilmann Psych Savina
Published: December 2022

Dysregulierte Zustände wie Dissoziation, Panik und Gedankenkreisen sind nicht zwingend an psychische Störungen geknüpft, sondern in einem gewissen Umfang menschliche Normalität. Der Bodyscan, die bewusste Veränderung der Körperhaltung, der Gedankenstopp oder die 5-4-3-2-1-Methode sind bewährte Entspannungs- beziehungsweise Stabilisierungsübungen. Menschen mit dauerhaft dysreguliertem Nervensystem profitieren von Übungen, die den Vagusnerv ansprechen. „Normale“ Entspannungsbemühungen können hier sogar paradox wirken.
Ein machtvolles Werkzeug
Authors: Tilmann Psych Savina
Published: December 2022

Ein achtsamer Umgang mit Sprache in Form von adäquater Wortwahl, weichem Sprachklang etc. ist im therapeutischen oder beraterischen Kontext unerlässlich. Das Modell der Stufen des Zuhörens kann therapeutisch und beratend Arbeitenden dabei helfen, ihren Zuhör-Stil zu reflektieren und gegebenenfalls eine noch konstruktivere Haltung einzunehmen. Das 4-Ohren-Modell beschreibt menschliche Kommunikation auf 4 Ebenen (Sach-Ohr, Apell-Ohr, Beziehungsohr, Selbsterfahrungsohr) und bietet Übungen zur Differenzierung dieser.
The Mini-TRH Test
Authors: Spoov Johan
Published: December 2022

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), at doses lower than those needed to
stimulate prolactin secretion directly, can almost completely antagonize
dopamine inhibition of prolactin release. In normal men, prolactin increases
15 min following an i. v. bolus of 12.5 µg TRH
(the mini-TRH test), but not the maximal prolactin response to TRH or basal
prolactin, positively correlated with prolactin response to haloperidol and
negatively with 24-h urinary excretion of homovanillic acid (HVA). These results
suggest that the mini-TRH test is a better estimate of dopamine inhibition of
prolactin release than the maximal prolactin response or basal prolactin level.
A recent neuroimaging study suggested that in schizophrenia, there is a widely
distributed defect in extrastriatal dopamine release, but the patients were not
in the most acute phase of psychosis. The evidence is reviewed that this defect
extends to tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) and which symptoms are associated
with the test. In patients with acute nonaffective psychosis, the mini-TRH test
positively correlated with nonparanoid delusions and memory dysfunction,
indicating decreased dopamine transmission in association with these symptoms.
In patients with acute drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, the
mini-TRH test negatively correlated with negative disorganization symptoms and
with basal prolactin. The latter correlation suggests the contribution of
factors related to maximal prolactin stimulation by TRH; therefore, an
alternative dose of 6.25 μg TRH could be used for the mini-TRH
test in first-episode patients, allowed by increased sensitivity of the present
prolactin tests. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the mini-TRH
test could help in finding the optimal antipsychotic medication.
Rh(II)-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Cyclopropyl N-Tosylhydrazones to 1-Substituted Cyclobutenes
Authors: Huo Jingfeng , Wang Jianbo , Ouyang Wenbai
Published: December 2022

Cyclobutenes are highly useful synthetic intermediates as well as important motifs in functional molecules. Herein, we report a straightforward access toward monosubstituted cyclobutenes from cyclopropyl N-tosylhydrazone. 1,2-Aryl or -alkyl shift of the Rh(II) carbene intermediate plays the key role in this transformation.
Photoredox-Catalysis-Enabled Ring-Opening Functionalization of Aryl Cyclopropanes
Authors: Feng Chao , Li Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Chi
Published: December 2022

Cyclopropanes have long been recognized as privileged synthons in organic synthesis, providing access to 1,3-difunctionalized scaffolds. However, the synthetic potential of aryl cyclopropanes, one of the most important subclasses of cyclopropanes, is far less explored. Recently, we uncovered a visible-light-promoted strategy for the ring-opening functionalization of a series of aryl cyclopropanes through open-shell intermediates. By leveraging the activation of an aryl radical cation derived from an oxidative single-electron transfer, the C–C bond of the cyclopropane is weakened and cleaves upon a regio- and stereoselective nucleophilic attack with an exogenous nucleophile to provide a benzyl radical that can be readily elaborated to diverse functionalities.

1 Introduction

2 Core Concept of Our Design

3 Photoredox-Catalyzed Oxoamination of Aryl Cyclopropanes

4 Photoredox-Catalyzed Hydroheterofunctionalization of Aryl Cyclopropanes

5 Photoredox-Catalyzed Fluoroallylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes

6 Conclusion
Validation of the Mandarin Chinese Translation of the “Meaning of Life” in Patients with Hearing Loss or Tinnitus
Authors: Xie Yufei , Wang Yu , Pan Tao , Tyler Richard
Published: December 2022

Abstract Background There is an increasing need to evaluate the quality of life of individuals who are hearing impaired. However, most of the generic “quality of life” questionnaires do not include communication-related questions. Recently, a new
“Meaning of Life” (MOL) questionnaire was developed to measure quality of life based on everyday issues, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of tinnitus patients and cochlear implant users. A Mandarin Chinese version of this questionnaire for the Mandarin-speaking population is
needed. Many of the existing Mandarin Chinese questionnaires currently in use are not effectively assessing hearing-related conditions. Purpose We aimed to translate and validate the MOL questionnaire into Mandarin Chinese to make it applicable as a tool for measuring quality
of life in patients with hearing loss or tinnitus. Research Design For this study, the original version of the MOL questionnaire was translated into the Mandarin Chinese language. A prospective cohort study was then performed on adults with hearing loss or tinnitus to preliminarily
examine the reliability and validity of the Mandarin Chinese version. Study Sample A total of 206 Mandarin-speaking subjects with hearing loss or tinnitus were included in the study and divided into three groups according to their chief complaints: group B included patients
suffering from both hearing loss and tinnitus (N = 113), group T contained patients with tinnitus alone (N = 49), and group H was composed of patients with hearing loss alone (N = 44). Data Collection and Analysis The
Mandarin version of the MOL (C-MOL) was administered to the participants. The reliability of the C-MOL was evaluated using Cronbach's α and item total correlation coefficients. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the relationships among the questions. Correlations between
the patient characteristics and total scores were tested. Results The Cronbach's α coefficient of C-MOL was 0.921. Four factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis: (1) mental state and positive outlook; (2) friendship; (3) physical health; and (4) hearing
and negative experience. The total scores of groups B, T, and H were 76.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 13.5), 81.3 (SD = 10.6), and 82.4 (SD = 12.5), respectively. The total score was correlated with the affected ears (r = 0.179,
p < 0.05), age (r = 0.179, p < 0.05), hearing of the better ear (r = 0.188, p < 0.01), and educational background (r = 0.181, p < 0.01).
Conclusion The Mandarin Chinese version of the MOL questionnaire showed good reliability. It can be used to quantify the quality of life of patients with hearing loss or tinnitus.
Awake Cranioplasty in a Patient with Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Novel Approach
Authors: Depuru Aparna , Bhatia Nidhi , Bhagat Hemant , Singh Apinderpreet
Published: December 2022

Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure that restores the normal anatomy following craniectomy. Restoring the skull bone ensures protection and normalizes the physiology as well as the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This surgical procedure usually requires administration of general anesthesia for retrieving the bone placed in the abdominal region and thereafter placing it in the cranium. We report the anesthetic management of a high-risk case who had severe mitral stenosis and was scheduled for cranioplasty. The anesthetic management of a patient with rheumatic heart disease, with severe mitral stenosis, posted for cranioplasty, is extremely challenging. The presence of cardiac pathology necessitates the need to balance patient's hemodynamics in accordance with the cardiac grid and tests the limits of the anesthesiologist's preparedness. We describe our experience of conduct of this case in regional anesthesia using scalp block on the defect site with an oblique transverse abdominis plane block for abdominal bone retrieval.
Supralabial Site: An Alternative Site for Bispectral Index Monitoring: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dubey Jitendra K. , Goel Nitesh , Chawla Rajiv , Gupta Manish , Bhardwaj Manoj
Published: December 2022

Background Bi-spectral index (BIS) has been traditionally used to monitor the depth of anesthesia, with the forehead being the usual site for electrode placement. When the manufacturer-recommended site is itself an operative field or the placement interferes with the surgery, the search for an alternative position of electrode placement is warranted. In our endeavor to do so, we conducted this study to compare BIS scores derived from frontal and supralabial electrode placement.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 50 patients using two BIS Quatro sensors attached to the frontal and supralabial regions of each patient and connected to two different sets of monitors. BIS values, electromyography (EMG) values, and signal quality index (SQI) were noted from both sites every 15 min during the maintenance phase of anesthesia. Collected data were analyzed using the Bland–Altman analysis.

Results Data analysis of BIS values showed negative bias at most time points with a minimum negative bias of 0.2 with a limit of agreement of −3.67/3.27 and a maximum negative bias of 1.14 with a limit of agreement of −7.61/5.33. The overall 95% limit of agreement for pooled BIS data ranged from −6.63 to 6.1.

Conclusion BIS sensor placement at the supralabial site can be used as an alternative to the frontal placement in scenarios where the frontal position is the surgical site or is inaccessible during the maintenance of general anesthesia as in neurosurgery with particular emphasis on skin preparation and proper positioning of BIS electrodes to improve the signal quality.
The Colorectal Anastomosis: A Timeless Challenge
Authors: Gaidarski III Alexander A. , Ferrara Marco
Published: December 2022

Colorectal anastomosis is a sophisticated problem that demands an elaborate discussion and an elegant solution.

“Those who forget the past are condemned to repeat it.”

George Santayana, Life of Reason, 1905
Use of Telemedicine in Evaluation of Pediatric Surgical Patients in COVID-19 Time
Authors: Rai Rahul Kumar , Pandey Anand , Gupta Archika , Singh Gurmeet , Rawat Jiledar
Published: December 2022

Objective

The word “telemedicine” literally translates to “healing at a distance.” In the current scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and shut outpatient department, the patients are facing difficulty in consultation. This article evaluated the use of telemedicine in the management of pediatric surgical patients.

Materials and Methods

In this observational cohort study, from April 2020 to August 2020, all patients who took advice on phone/WhatsApp were assessed for addressing their complaints. The data was collected and analyzed.

Result

A total of 307 patients were provided consultation via telecommunication. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Fifty-six (18.2%) patients called on an emergency basis, while the remaining 251 (81.8%) patients called for nonemergency or routine problems. Of these, attendants of 25 (8.14%) patients were not able to state the situation adequately. They were called to the department. Of these, 11 (3.5% of total) patients were admitted. One-hundred and eighty-three (59.6%) patients were in the department's follow-up, while the remaining 124 (40.4%) were new patients. The attendants of 296 (96.4%) patients were satisfied by using this modality of consultation.

Conclusion

In the current scenario, telecommunication may help us to avoid unnecessary travel to the hospital. It may be helpful to deal with minor clinical complaints and evaluating for an emergency.
Ileocolic Anastomoses
Authors: Gleason Lauren , Gunnells Drew
Published: December 2022

Ileocolic anastomoses are commonly performed by surgeons in both open and minimally invasive settings and can be created by using many different techniques and configurations. Here the authors review both current literature and the author's preference for creation of ileocolic anastomoses in the setting of malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, and colonic inertia. The authors also review evidence surrounding adjuncts to creation of anastomoses such as use of indocyanine green and closing mesenteric defects. While many techniques of anastomotic creation have adapted with new evidence and technologies, several key principles still provide the foundation for current practice.
Pain Relief and Safety of Microwave Ablation Combined with Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Vertebral Metastasis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hu Ting-Ye , Zhang Gan , Ye Hong , An Cheng-Ling , Wang Kai , Xia Lei , Zhou Xiao-Xing , Zhang Shan-Shan , Lu Yu-He
Published: December 2022

Background We investigate the pain relief and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of metastatic vertebral tumors.

Methods This prospective pilot study enrolled patients with metastatic vertebral tumors treated between January 2018 and October 2019. The participants were randomized to the PVP and MWA + PVP groups. Clinical parameters, pain visual analog scale (VAS), analgesic use scores (AUS), and quality-of-life score (QLS) were compared between groups.

Results Sixty-seven participants were enrolled (PVP: n = 35; MWA + PVP: n = 32). There were no differences in bone cement injection volume, extravasation, and X-ray exposure time between the two groups (p > 0.05), but treatment costs were higher for the MWA + PVP group (26,418 ± 194 vs. 15,606 ± 148 yuan; p < 0.05). There were no significant improvements in VAS from baseline to 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months in the two groups (p > 0.05); at 6 and 12 months after the operation, the improvement from baseline was significant in the two groups (p < 0.05). The VAS was lower at 6 months (2.7 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 0.7) and 12 months (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 4.0 ± 0.7) in the MWA + PVP group (both p < 0.01 vs. PVP). The AUS and QLS were improved with PVP at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05) and with MWA + PVP at 12 months (p < 0.05). The AUS was lower at 6 and 12 months in the MWA + PVP group (p < 0.05 vs. PVP).

Conclusion MWA combined with PVP might be a safe and effective palliative treatment for pain from metastatic vertebral tumors.
Case Report of Undifferentiated Hepatic Embryonal Sarcoma with Mesenchymal Hamartoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Jacob Dhanya , Pratap Thara , Yadav Abhishek , Jalal Muhammed Jasim Abdul , Mahadevan Pushpa , Unnikrishnan Reshmi
Published: December 2022

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) is a highly malignant hepatic neoplasm, which occurs mostly in pediatric population. There is a link between embryonal sarcoma and mesenchymal hamartoma as evidenced by clinicopathological overlap and similar genetic abnormality. Here, we report a case of UES in a young female in a background of mesenchymal hamartoma of liver.
Power of Heuristics to Improve Health Information Technology System Design
Authors: Roosan Don , Clutter Justin , Kendall Brian , Weir Charlene
Published: December 2022

Background Clinical decision-making can be prone to error if health system design does not match expert clinicians' higher cognitive skills. There is a gap in understanding the need for the importance of heuristics in clinical decision-making. The heuristic approach can provide cognitive support in designing intuitive health information systems for complex cases.

Objective We explored complex decision-making by infectious diseases (ID) clinicians focusing on fast and frugal heuristics. We hypothesized that ID clinicians use simple heuristics to understand complex cases using their experience.

Methods The study utilized cognitive task analysis and heuristics-based decision modeling. We conducted cognitive interviews and provided clinicians with a fast-and-frugal tree algorithm to convert complex information into simple decision algorithms. We conducted a critical decision method–based analysis to generate if–then logic sentences from the transcript. We conducted a thematic analysis of heuristics and calculated the average time to complete and the number of crucial information in the decision nodes.

Results A total of 27 if–then logic heuristics sentences were generated from analyzing the data. The average time to construct the fast-and-frugal trees was 1.65 ± 0.37 minutes, and the average number of crucial pieces of information clinicians focused on was 5.4 ± 3.1.

Conclusion Clinicians use shortcut mental models to reduce complex cases into simple mental model algorithms. The innovative use of artificial intelligence could allow clinical decision support systems to focus on creative and intuitive interface design matching the higher cognitive skills of expert clinicians.
Hallmarks of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors with Its Quick Emergence of Drug Resistance
Authors: Qiu Yong-Fu , Song Lian-Hua , Jiang Gang-Long , Zhang Zhen , Liu Xu-Yan , Wang Guan
Published: December 2022

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of the most popular targets for anticancer therapies. In the past decade, the use of anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), including crizotinib and ceritinib, has been a reliable and standard options for patients with lung cancer, particularly for patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. ALK-targeted therapies initially benefit the patients, yet, resistance eventually occurs. Therefore, resistance mechanisms of ALK-TKIs and the solutions have become a formidable challenge in the development of ALK inhibitors. In this review, based on the knowledge of reported ALK inhibitors, we illustrated the crystal structures of ALK, summarized the resistance mechanisms of ALK-targeted drugs, and proposed potential therapeutic strategies to prevent or overcome the resistance.
FAIR Aspects of a Health Information Protection and Management System
Authors: Delgado Jaime , Llorente Silvia
Published: December 2022

Background Privacy management is a key issue when dealing with storage and distribution of health information. However, FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles when sharing information are in increasing demand in several organizations, especially for information generated in public-funded research projects.

Objectives The two main objectives of the presented work are the definition of a secure and interoperable modular architecture to manage different kinds of medical content (xIPAMS [x, for Any kind of content, Information Protection And Management System] and HIPAMS [Health Information Protection And Management System]), and the application of FAIR principles to that architecture in such a way that privacy and security are compatible with FAIR.

Methods We propose the concept of xIPAMS as a modular architecture, following standards for interoperability, which defines mechanisms for privacy, protection, storage, search, and access to health-related information.

Results xIPAMS provides FAIR principles and preserves patient's privacy. For each module, we identify how FAIR principles apply.

Conclusions We have analyzed how xIPAMS, and in particular HIPAMS (Health content), support the FAIR principles focusing on security and privacy. We have identified the FAIR principles supported by the different xIPAMS modules, concluding that the four principles are supported. Our analysis has also considered a possible implementation based on the concept of DACS (Document Access and Communication System), a system storing medical documents in a private and secure way. In addition, we have analyzed security aspects of the FAIRification process and how they are provided by xIPAMS modules.
Anastomotic Considerations in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Kann Brian R.
Published: December 2022

A number of factors should be considered when performing an intestinal anastomosis in the setting of surgery for Crohn's disease. Preoperative risk factors, such as malnutrition, abdominal sepsis, and immunosuppressive medications, may increase the risk of postoperative anastomotic complications and alter surgical decision-making. The anatomical configuration and technique of constructing the anastomosis may have an impact on postoperative function and risk of recurrence, particularly in the setting of ileocolic resection, where the Kono-S anastomosis has gained popularity in recent years. There may be circumstances in which it may be more appropriate to perform an ostomy either without an anastomosis or to temporarily divert an anastomosis when the risk of anastomotic complications is felt to be high. In the setting of total abdominal colectomy or proctocolectomy for Crohn's colitis, restorative procedures may appropriate in lieu of a permanent stoma in certain scenarios.
Modelling and predicting enterprise-level cyber risks in the context of sparse data availability
Authors: Zängerle Daniel , Schiereck Dirk
Published: December 2022

Despite growing attention to cyber risks in research and practice, quantitative cyber risk assessments remain limited, mainly due to a lack of reliable data. This analysis leverages sparse historical data to quantify the financial impact of cyber incidents at the enterprise level. For this purpose, an operational risk database—which has not been previously used in cyber research—was examined to model and predict the likelihood, severity and time dependence of a company’s cyber risk exposure. The proposed model can predict a negative time correlation, indicating that individual cyber exposure is increasing if no cyber loss has been reported in previous years, and vice versa. The results suggest that the probability of a cyber incident correlates with the subindustry, with the insurance sector being particularly exposed. The predicted financial losses from a cyber incident are less extreme than cited in recent investigations. The study confirms that cyber risks are heavy-tailed, jeopardising business operations and profitability.
Secondary school students’ attitude towards mathematics word problems
Authors: Wakhata Robert , Mutarutinya Védaste , Balimuttajjo Sudi
Published: December 2022

Students’ positive attitude towards mathematics leads to better performance and may influence their overall achievement and application of mathematics in real-life. In this article, we present the findings of an investigation on students’ attitude towards linear programming (LP) mathematics word problems (LPMWPs). An explanatory sequential quasi-experimental design involving a pre-intervention-intervention-post-intervention non-equivalent control group was adopted. A sample of 851 grade 11 Ugandan students (359 male and 492 female) from eight secondary schools (public and private) participated. Cluster random sampling was applied to select respondents from eight schools; four from central Uganda and four from eastern Uganda. The attitude towards mathematics inventory-short form (ATMI-SF) was adapted (with α = 0.75) as a multidimensional measurement tool for measuring students’ attitude towards LPMWPs. The results revealed that students’ attitude towards LPMWPs was generally negative. Enjoyment, motivation, and confidence were weekly negatively correlated while usefulness was positively correlated. Additionally, the results found no significant statistical relationship between students’ attitudes towards LPMWPs and their age, gender, school location, school status, and school ownership. The discrepancy is perhaps explained by both theoretical and/or psychometric limitations, and related factors, for instance, students’ academic background, school characteristics, and transitional beliefs from primary to secondary education. This study acknowledges the influence of and supplements other empirical findings on students’ attitude towards learning mathematics word problems. The present study provides insight to different educational stakeholders in assessing students’ attitude towards LPMWPs and may provide remediation and interventional strategies aimed at creating students’ conceptual change. The study recommends that teachers should cultivate students’ interests in mathematics as early as possible. Varying classroom instructional practices could be a remedy to enhance students’ understanding, achievement, and, motivation in learning mathematics word problems. The teachers’ continuous professional development courses should be enacted to improve instruction, assessment, and students’ attitude. Overall, the study findings support the theoretical framework for enhancing the learning of mathematics word problems in general and LP in particular.
Designing fair annual bonus formulations for workers: A case study of the state-owned enterprise cement holding in Indonesia
Authors: Subiyanto Effnu , Kurniawan Roy
Published: December 2022

A bonus is an additional annual incentive for labour, as part of remuneration package systems, that goes hand-in-hand with a tantième for boards of commissioners and directors. This practical business is common in industrial relations for maintaining a spirit of productivity and loyalty. However, practices to distribute bonuses remain undisclosed and unknown, according to the views of labour. Without an earlier mutual agreement between parties, consisting of labour representatives and management, management unilaterally decides a specific bonus formulation that takes effect immediately. The management ignored suggestions and advice from labour as its partner; worse, there were no discussions between parties in advance. There are no equal labour and management rights to build a better industrial relations climate. We employed mixed methods and conducted multidisciplinary studies to determine cluster and bonus pool allocation with relevant peers to investigate how to build a fair bonus formulation. We adopted a target-based method rather than an outcome-based framework after several exercises. The most important finding is that the bonus formulation, configured from the annual bonus, utilised three underpinning percentiles (P): P-25, P-50, and P-75 implying the lowest, medium, and highest total remuneration for labour, respectively. We determine that success indicators in developing fair bonus formulation stand on how high total remuneration has been achieved by labour towards the median level of peers. The higher the value passed over the median line, the higher the success rate. The present findings contribute to building fair annual bonus formulations in the cement sector; however, other industrial sectors can use them with adequate adjustments.
Spontaneous imbibition dynamics in two-dimensional porous media: A generalized interacting multi-capillary model
Authors: Ashraf Shabina , Méheust Yves , Phirani Jyoti
Published: December 2022

The capillary bundle model, wherein the flow dynamics of a porous medium is predicted from that of a bundle of independent cylindrical tubes/capillaries whose radii are distributed according to the medium's pore size distribution, has been used extensively. However, as it lacks an interaction between the flow channels, this model fails at predicting a complex flow configuration, including those involving a two-phase flow. We propose here to predict spontaneous imbibition in quasi-two-dimensional porous media from a model based on a planar bundle of interacting capillaries. The imbibition flow dynamics, and in particular, the breakthrough time, the global wetting fluid saturation at breakthrough, and which capillary carries the leading meniscus are governed by the distribution of the capillaries' radii and their spatial arrangement. For an interacting capillary system consisting of 20 capillaries, the breakthrough time can be 39% smaller than that predicted by the classic, non-interacting, capillary bundle model of identical capillary radii distribution, depending on the spatial arrangement of the capillaries. We propose a stochastic approach to use this model of interacting capillaries for quantitative predictions. Comparing bundles of interacting capillaries with the same capillary diameter distribution as that of the pore sizes in the target porous medium, and computing the average behavior of a randomly chosen samples of such interacting capillary bundles with different spatial arrangements, we obtain predictions of the position in time of the bulk saturating front and of that of the leading visible leading front, which agree well with measurements taken from the literature. This semi-analytical model is very quick to run and could be useful to provide fast predictions on one-dimensional spontaneous imbibition in porous media whose porosity structure can reasonably be considered two-dimensional, e.g., paper, thin porous media in general, or layered aquifers.
Some exact solutions that describe an ideal fluid flow with a free boundary
Authors: Zhuravleva Elena
Published: December 2022

The study is aimed at constructing exact solutions that describe unsteady flows of an ideal fluid with a free boundary. Currently existing examples of solutions of this kind have a linear or quadratic initial field of velocities. The object of the present study is flows with a cubic initial velocity field. Several exact solutions are obtained by using a method based on the complex Hopf equation for the complex velocity. One of the main problems in solving the Euler equations in the domain with a free boundary is to study the positions of singular points because these points can reach the free boundary with time, which may lead to solution destruction. In the present case, singularities can be found explicitly. However, as the initial velocity field is defined by a third-power polynomial, one has to study the Riemann surfaces for the function of complex velocity in order to determine the mutual positions of the singularities and flow domain. It is shown that any initial velocity field defined by a cubic polynomial yields one of seven flows described in the paper with time. It is of interest that there are examples of flows that exist for a finite time and break down when the singularities reach the free boundary. Using a certain modification of the Hopf equation, we obtain a two-parameter family of exact solutions that describe fluid flows with a free boundary. Two examples of this family are considered. In one of them, the solution breaks down within a finite time. The second example is of interest because the motion of a singular point in the fluid leads to the formation of a narrow channel with free boundaries.
Experimental investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the flow generated by a sliding dielectric barrier discharge in the flat plate boundary layer flow
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Li Zheng , Chen Kun , Geng Xi
Published: December 2022

The sliding dielectric barrier discharge (SL-DBD) has attracted attention due to its ability to suppress flow separation. This paper investigated the effect of SL-DBD on the flow field in the flat plate boundary layer by time-resolved particle image velocimetry. We obtained the finite-time Lyapunov exponent field and the Lagrangian coherent structures of the flow field through the velocity field. The results show the effect of SL-DBD has spatial differences, and SL-DBD will produce a “strong–weak–strong” spatial effect on the flow field. The directionality of the flow structure induced by SL-DBD is the main reason for the difference. SL-DBD will induce a large number of vortex structures in the local downstream area of the electrode. The vortex structure enhances the mixing and squeezing effects between the upper and lower flow fields. The upper flow field moves the lower flow field downward by about 0.1 mm through the squeezing effect. In addition, at the downstream region adjacent to the electrode, the oblique momentum injection of the SL-DBD is the dominant effect. At one electrode distance from the electrode, the SL-DBD induces a large number of vortex structures. However, when the distance from the electrode is twice the electrode spacing, the number of vortex structures decreases, and the structure becomes larger. The results show spatial differences in the perturbation of the flow field by SL-DBD, which cannot be ignored when SL-DBD is used to suppress flow separation.
Quantum chemical and photovoltaic modeling of D-π-A organic dyes based on substituted arylamine electron donors in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Hosseinnejad Tayebeh , Omrani-Pachin Marzieh
Published: December 2022

In the present research, we designed four tunable triphenylamine (TPA) based organic dyes by applying various aminated electron donor groups and screened their electron donating effects on the electronic, optical and photovoltaic properties of the dyes for application in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this respect, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approaches were applied to investigate the enhanced electron donating effect of substituted TPA dyes on the strength of conjugation with thiophene and a C–C triple bond in the π-spacer fragment that led to a considerable effect on absorption properties, light harvesting efficiency and panchromatic sensitization of the designed dyes in DSSCs. In fact, since the most significant impediment of TPA-based organic dyes for high photovoltaic performance in DSSCs is their low absorption in the near-infrared spectrum, we aimed our modeling to introduce molecular dyes with reduced frontier molecular orbital energy gaps and hence, the favoured red-shift absorption spectra. Moreover, we have computationally concentrated on the photovoltaic performance of our novel dyes in DSSCs and demonstrated that employing aminated electron donating groups in TPA based organic dyes notably tunes the electron injection and regeneration driving forces and hence leads to higher power conversion efficiencies.
The Association Between Work Climate and Group Climate in a Secure Forensic Treatment Setting for Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning
Authors: Neimeijer E. G. , Roest J. J. , Van der Helm G. H. P. , Didden R.
Published: December 2022

We examined associations between group climate as perceived by 212 individuals with mild intellectual disability and work climate as experienced by 262 sociotherapists in a forensic setting. Results showed that if sociotherapists experienced more job satisfaction, they experienced less negative team functioning. Also, more positive team functioning was related to less repression. Workload and negative team functioning were related to less possibilities for growth by clients. No significant associations were found between other work climate and group climate dimensions. This study emphasized the importance of being aware of parallel processes between work climate and group climate in secure settings.
Realization of homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure argon and the effect of beads on its characteristics
Authors: RAN Junxia , ZHANG Xuexue , ZHANG Yu , WU Kaiyue , ZHAO Na , HE Xingran , DAI Xiuhong , LIANG Qihang , LI Xuechen
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the realization of a homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in argon at atmospheric pressure. The effect of the morphology of the dielectric surface (especially the dielectric surface covered by hollow ceramic beads (99% Al2O3) with different diameters) on discharge is investigated. With different dielectrics, the argon DBD presents two discharge modes: a filamentary mode and a homogeneous mode. Fast photography shows that the filamentary mode operates in a streamer discharge, and the homogeneous mode operates in a Townsend discharge regime. It is found that a homogeneous discharge can be generated within a certain voltage range. The voltage amplitude range decreases, and the breakdown voltage increases with the increase in the mean diameter of the ceramic beads. Waveforms of the total current and optical emission signal present stochastic pulses per half voltage cycle for the filamentary mode, whereas there is one single hump per half voltage cycle for the homogeneous mode. In the homogeneous mode, the intensity of the optical emission decreases with the mean diameter of the ceramic beads. The optical emission spectrum is mainly composed of atomic lines of argon and the second positive system of molecular nitrogen. It reveals that the electron density decreases with the increasing mean diameter of the ceramic beads. The vibrational temperature increases with the increasing mean diameter of the ceramic beads. It is believed that a large number of microdischarges are formed, and smaller ceramic beads have a larger activation surface area and more point discharge. Electrons liberated in the shallow well and electrons generated from microdischarges can increase the secondary electron emission coefficient of the cathode and provide initial electrons for discharge continuously. Therefore, the breakdown electric field is reduced, which contributes to easier generation of homogeneous discharge. This is confirmed by the simulation results.
Symbiotic Fungi Associated With Xyleborine Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and the Imperative of Global Collaboration
Authors: Osborn Rachel K , Castro Jessenia , Duong Tuan A , Hulcr Jiri , Li You , Martínez Malena , Cognato Anthony I
Published: December 2022

Ambrosia beetles from the tribe Xyleborini are part of nearly all forest ecosystems. Because of their small size, haplodiploid mating structure, and protected lives inside the sapwood of woody plants, they have a unique ability to expand into new regions via inadvertent human transport. A small number of invasive xyleborines cause significant damage to forests, lumber concerns, and agricultural systems. Most ambrosia pests damage or kill trees by the accumulation of beetle attacks, one is known to cause tree death through the introduction of pathogenic fungus into susceptible Lauraceae trees. The relationships between ambrosia fungi and their beetle vectors range from mutualistic symbiosis to facultative association, but most remain unstudied. Unresolved taxonomies, convergent morphologies, and the difficulty of sampling ambrosia fungi over their entire global ranges make comprehensive surveys of ambrosia fungi difficult to achieve. Ambrosia fungi from Europe and North America are moderately well documented, however, we have yet to sufficiently document those from Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. Worldwide cooperation to improve and standardize scientific study of the ambrosia symbioses is needed to better understand these impactful organisms.
Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis (SRIF) in Patients Presenting With Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
Authors: Vehar Susan J , Yadav Ruchi , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Nathani Avantika , Tolle Leslie B
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in cases where smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) was diagnosed in surgical lung biopsy specimens from patients with clinical and imaging features of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD).

Methods

Cases were included in this study if patients had clinical and imaging evidence of DPLD and surgical lung biopsy specimens revealed SRIF. A dedicated multidisciplinary conference was held to correlate clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings.

Results

Six cases met inclusion criteria; all six (five women/one man, aged 42-57 years, mean age 47 years) were either current smokers (five of six) or ex-smokers (one of six) and were evaluated for respiratory symptoms and abnormal pulmonary function tests, most commonly reduced forced vital capacity (n = 3) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (n = 6). The most common imaging abnormalities were bilateral ground-glass opacities, which correlated with histopathologic SRIF. Follow-up of up to 10 years showed stable or improved clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and radiologic findings with smoking cessation (three patients) or a decrease in smoking (three patients). No specific treatments were given, and those treated with empiric corticosteroid tapers did not show discernible responses.

Conclusions

SRIF can present as clinically meaningful diffuse parenchymal lung disease in relatively young heavy smokers, characterized by bilateral ground-glass opacities and a stable clinical course.
Hyaline Protoplasmic Astrocytopathy in the Setting of Epilepsy
Authors: Alzoubi Hiba , Nobile Giulia , d’Amati Antonio , Nobili Lino , Giacomini Thea , Tortora Domenico , Gaggero Gabriele , Gianno Francesca , Giangaspero Felice , Antonelli Manila , Consales Alessandro
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Cerebral hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy (HPA) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions within astrocytes. It has been observed in a subset of patients with early-onset epilepsy, brain malformations, and developmental delay. The exact association of this entity with epilepsy is still unknown. This report, with its review of the literature, aims to summarize HPA features to raise awareness regarding this entity.

Methods

We report on 2 HPA cases and critically review the literature.

Results

Approximately 42 cases of HPA have been reported, including the 2 cases presented here, consisting of 23 female and 19 male patients. Patient age ranged from 3 to 39 years. All patients had early-onset seizures (3-20 months of age), ranging from partial to generalized, that were refractory despite treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Postoperative follow-up intervals ranged from 2 to 93 months, and the clinical outcome was graded according to the Engel classification, showing variable results.

Conclusions

Clinicians should consider HPA in differential diagnosis in patients with intractable seizures, especially when they are associated with developmental delay and brain malformations. Increasing awareness of this entity among pathologists may promote better understanding of this condition as well as better diagnosis and treatment for these patients.
Computer-Based Natural Language Search Applied to the Electronic Medical Record for Tonsil Triage
Authors: Pacheco M Cristina , Hiraiwa Paul , Finn Laura S , Kapur Raj
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To determine significant histologic findings in tonsils and categorize clinical settings in which they occur to identify cases benefiting from histopathologic examination using a computer-based natural language search (NLS) applied to the electronic medical record.

Methods

The pathology database was queried for tonsillectomy cases accessioned between 2002 and 2018. Tonsils with microscopic examination were reviewed, and indication for examination and diagnoses were tallied. Clinical risk of malignancy was correlated with findings. A NLS was used to interrogate preoperative clinical records of the same group of patients. The search identified cases at risk of significant histologic findings and was implemented as part of standard practice.

Results

Of the 18,733 bilateral tonsillectomies identified in the pathology database, 494 were palatine tonsils that underwent microscopic examination, 134 had indications concerning for malignancy, and 14 had significant findings on histologic examination. When the NLS was applied to the medical record of the same group, 223 cases were identified as having risk of malignancy, including all flagged by surgeons and pathologists and 89 additional cases. Clinical implementation resulted in identification of all cases benefiting from examination.

Conclusions

A NLS applied to the electronic medical record to select tonsils for examination was superior to relying on surgeons and pathologists.
Destabilizing Racial Discourses in Casual Talk-in-interaction
Authors: Blain Hayden , Diskin-Holdaway Chloé
Published: December 2022

Racialized descriptions are a constant practice in our societies and a fundamental aspect of racial discourses. This paper uses conversation analytic tools within a Foucauldian perspective on discourse to investigate how discourses of race are (re)produced, and consequently navigated, in talk-in-interaction among speakers of Chinese. Four instances of racialized person description, taken from a larger corpus of 16 hours of casual conversation among Chinese migrants in Melbourne and their acquaintances, are explored in detail. The analysis identifies two interactional sequences, joking and accounting sequences, which allow participants to resist racialized descriptions while still orienting to the interactional preference for sociality in casual conversation. The paper argues that casual and friendly interaction may provide empirical evidence for how discourses of race are destabilized at the level of talk-in-interaction.