bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covalent Heterobivalent Inhibitor Design for Inhibition of IgE-Dependent Penicillin Allergy in a Murine Model
Authors: Deak Peter E. , Kim Baksun , Koh Byunghee , Qayum Amina Abdul , Kiziltepe Tanyel , Kaplan Mark H. , Bilgicer Basar
Published: May 2019

Drug allergies occur when hapten-like drug metabolites conjugated to serum proteins, through their interactions with specific IgE, trigger allergic reactions that can be life threatening. A molecule termed covalent heterobivalent inhibitor (cHBI) was designed to specifically target drug hapten–specific IgE to prevent it from binding drug-haptenated serum proteins. cHBI binds the two independent sites on a drug hapten–specific Ab and covalently conjugates only to the specific IgE, permanently inhibiting it. The cHBI design was evaluated via ELISA to measure cHBI-IgE binding, degranulation assays of rat basophil leukemia cells for in vitro efficacy, and mouse models of ear swelling and systemic anaphylaxis responses for in vivo efficacy. The cHBI design was evaluated using two separate models: one specific to inhibit penicillin G–reactive IgE and another to inhibit IgE specific to a model compound, dansyl. We show that cHBI conjugated specifically to its target Ab and inhibited degranulation in cellular degranulation assays using rat basophil leukemia cells. Furthermore, cHBIs demonstrated in vivo inhibition of allergic responses in both murine models. We establish the cHBI design to be a versatile platform for inhibiting hapten/IgE interactions, which can potentially be applied to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic reactions to any drug/small-molecule allergy.
Atrial Myxoma and Williams-Beuren Syndrome. An Incidental Association?
Authors: Limongelli Giuseppe , Fratta Fiorella , Cirillo Annapaola , Fusco Adelaide , Marrazzo Tommaso , Tramonte Stefania , Caiazza Martina , Caianiello Giuseppe , Russo Maria Giovanna
Published: May 2019

We report the case of a 15 years old girl with Williams-Beuren syndrome and atrial mixoma.
Predicting transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: Asyary Al , Prasetyo Aries , Eryando Tris , Mahendradhata Yodi
Published: May 2019

This study aims to explain the current dispersion of tuberculosis (TB) and provide evidence that could help predicting its future transmission in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Province, Java Island, Indonesia. One hundred thirty-two adult (>14 years old) individuals, with TB diagnosed by health professionals using the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course strategy, were identified Their residential addresses and geographical patterns of movement were investigated by global positioning systems and descriptive spatial analysis using standard deviation ellipse analysis and kernel estimation. The dispersion of TB cases was studied by ellipse regression, which showed a pattern extending in a direction oriented from north-west to south-east centred on Kasihan District, Bantul Regency, DIY Province, located near Yogyakarta City. Levels of TB risk in the study area varied from non-existent to high as calculated by kernel estimation. We conclude that suburban communities, followed by densely populated residential areas, enabled by socio-economic factors, are more likely to see increased TB transmission in the future.
Good things come in small packages: New trends in acquisition of remotely-sensed data
Authors: Bergquist Robert , Amer Sherif
Published: May 2019

Not available.
High mosquito diversity in an Amazonian village of Ecuador, surrounded by a Biological Reserve, using a rapid assessment method
Authors: Duque P.L. , Liria J. , Enríquez S. , Burgaleta E. , Salazar J. , Arrivillaga-Henríquez J. , Navarro J.C.
Published: May 2019

This research represents a study in an Amazonian village that has similar structures to others Kichwa Amazonian villages of Ecuador. We evaluated the diversity, ecology, possibility of mosquitoes/ pathogens translocation from forest to urban area, and the vulnerability by potential mosquito vectors of diseases through an intensive and fast method done January 2017. Our analyses registered a high diversity of mosquitos in Limoncocha village (33 spp, H’ 2.76), which includes four new records of species for Ecuador. We propose the biological reserve and the lagoon are determinant environmental factors for the high mosquito diversity, plus the socio-economic characteristics related with a deficient water pipeline supply and lack of solid waste system. Furthermore, the high diversity of sylvan mosquitoes registered throughout the area, that include several potential vectors, suggest a moderate to high vulnerability for the transference of pathogens from the Biological Reserve to the urbanized area, which may increase the circulation of little-known arboviruses (Mayaro, Ilheus, St Louis encephalitis) across Ecuador.
Can exotic drosophilids share the same niche of the invasive Drosophila suzukii?
Authors: Amiresmaeili N. , Jucker C. , Savoldelli S. , Lupi D.
Published: May 2019

The presence of the four exotic drosophilids Chymomyza amoena (Loew), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) and Zaprionus tuberculatus Malloch has been investigated in different orchards in Northern Italy for two consecutive years. The presence and the abundance of the population of the drosophilid flies were surveyed with apple cider vinegar traps, fruit baited traps, and fruit collection. Chymomyza amoena, Z. tuberculatus and D. suzukii have been identified in the Apple Cider Vinegar traps in both years. Only D. suzukii and Z. tuberculatus emerged from fruit baited traps. Except for D. suzukii, no other exotic drosofilid was captured from the fruit collection. Z. indianus was never observed. Analyses of the presence of the different species, seasonal occurrence and sex ratio are provided.
Feeding in the adult of Hermetia illucens (Diptera Stratiomyidae): reality or fiction?
Authors: Lupi D. , Savoldelli S. , Leonardi M.G. , Jucker C.
Published: May 2019

Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera Stratiomyidae) is a promising species as alternative protein source for animal feed, able to convert a wide range of organic materials. The knowledge on larval biology, development, nutritional needs, and nutritional composition is rich, while few information is available on adult traits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the adult nutrition on the survival, the longevity and the ovaries development of H. illucens. In detail, three food sources have been compared to starvation. Water, a sucrose solution and a protein solution were given to new emerged adults and data on longevity and ovary development were acquired. Trials were conducted on single specimen and on a cohort of adults. In all the trials, starved adults survived significantly shorter than all other thesis. When adults were maintained isolated, the survival was significantly influenced by the nourishment: longevity was longer when adults were fed with a sucrose solution, while the supply of a protein source provided a lifespan significantly higher than starvation but similar to water or to sucrose solution. In cages longevity was always shorter than in isolated adults for both males and females and the overall trend was similar to single individual trials with the exception of protein solution. Ovary development of females under different nourishment did not show differences. More studies are necessary to identify a correct nutrition considering the integration of different chemical compounds to obtain optimal adult performance in terms of longevity and reproduction.
Detection of polystyrene nanoplastics in biological tissues with a fluorescent molecular rotor probe
Authors: Gagné François
Published: May 2019

The release of nanoplastics (NPs) from the weathering and degradation of plastics is an important environmental concern. Given their small sizes and their invasiveness in cells, methods for the detection of NPs in biological tissues are urgently needed. A simple fluorescence-based methodology for the detection of polystyrene NPs in biological tissues is proposed. The commercially available molecular rotor probe 9- (dicyanovinyl)-julolidine (DCVJ) has the properties to detect changes in hydrophobicity and microviscosity and was used to detect NPs. Increasing concentrations of 50 and 100 nm NPs in water and in tissue extracts were mixed with the DCVJ probe and the emission spectra determined between 480-800 nm at 450 nm excitation. The data revealed that NPs induces a second emission peak at 620 nm that differed from the normal spectra of the biological extract at 500 nm. A significant linear relationship was obtained for NPs of both sizes (r=0.98; P<0.001) with a theoretical limit of detection of 65 ng/mL. A simple and rapid microplate spectrofluorometric method for the semi-quantitative detection of polystyrene NPs in biological tissues is thus presented.
A culture-sensitive palliative pastoral care with a focus on the African context
Authors: Brunsdon Alfred R.
Published: May 2019

This article engages the issue of a culture-sensitive palliative pastoral approach with the African context in mind. It contemplates palliative pastoral care from a dual-wisdom approach and denotes palliative pastoral care as an expression of Christian faith care towards patients and their relational networks, aimed at spiritual growth which enables meaning-making in the context of illness and possible loss. It also investigates the notions of illness, healing and dying in an African context and highlights the spiritual, systemic and communal nature of these concepts within African thinking. The implication for a culture-sensitive palliative pastoral approach is sought in the meaningful accommodation of these beliefs within the framework of Christian faith care. The coordinates of pastoral hospitality, an embodied pastoral care of presence, accommodation of the collective, the practice of respectful Christian discernment and inhabitation theology are suggested as some of the coordinates that could facilitate a culture-sensitive palliative pastoral approach.
Triangularization of Matrices and Polynomial Maps
Authors: Li Yueyue , Tian Yan , Du Xiankun
Published: May 2019

We present conditions for a set of matrices satisfying a permutation identity to be simultaneously triangularizable. As applications of our results, we generalize Radjavi’s result on triangularization of matrices with permutable trace and results by Yan and Tang on linear triangularization of polynomial maps.
Use of a Real-Time Location System to Understand Resident Location in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: D'Souza Travis , Rosen Michael , Bertram Amanda K. , Apfel Ariella , Desai Sanjay V. , Garibaldi Brian T.
Published: May 2019

Background

There is great interest in understanding how residents spend their time in the hospital, but traditional time and motion studies are resource intensive and limited in scale.

Objective

We determined whether a real-time location system (RTLS) that uses infrared emitting badges can be used to track resident time and location.

Methods

Residents rotating on an internal medicine service in January 2018 were given the option to wear an RTLS badge. RTLS data were compared to the call schedule for each participating resident in a deidentified manner. Rules were created to identify work periods to be manually reviewed for data integrity. Reviewed work periods where there were extended periods of time without RTLS badge movement (eg, greater than 300 minutes) were excluded from analysis.

Results

Data were collected from 18 residents and included 236 work periods (2922 hours). Based on prespecified rules, 146 work periods were included, representing 83% of total eligible residents (n = 15) and 82% of total hours recorded (2397 hours). Residents spent the highest percentage of their time in physician workrooms (44%, SD 15%), followed by ward hallways (25%, SD 7%) and patient rooms (17%, SD 7%). Several work periods were excluded because residents left their RTLS badge in physician workrooms after the work period ended.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential utility of RTLS to measure resident time and location in the hospital.
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (EESI-TOF): Part I, biogenic influences and day/night chemistry in summer
Authors: Stefenelli Giulia , Pospisilova Veronika , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Hüglin Christoph , Tong Yandong , Baltensperger Urs , Prevot Andre S. H. , Slowik Jay G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Improving the understanding of the health and climate impacts of PM1 remains challenging and is restricted by the limitations of current measurement techniques. Detailed investigation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is typically the dominating fraction of the organic aerosol (OA), requires instrumentation capable of real-time, in situ measurements of molecular composition. In this study, we present the first ambient measurements by a novel extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF). The EESI-TOF was deployed along with a high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) during summer 2016 at an urban location (Zurich, Switzerland). Positive matrix factorization (PMF), implemented within the Multilinear Engine (ME-2), was applied to the data from both instruments to quantify the primary and secondary contributions to OA. From the EESI-TOF analysis, a 6-factor solution was selected as the most representative and interpretable solution for the investigated dataset, including two primary and four secondary factors. The primary factors are dominated by cooking and cigarette smoke signatures while the secondary factors are discriminated according to their daytime (two factors) and nighttime (two factors) chemistry. All four factors showed strong influence by biogenic emissions but exhibited significant day/night differences. Factors dominating during daytime showed predominantly ions characteristic of monoterpene and sesquiterpene oxidation while the nighttime factors included less oxygenated terpene oxidation products, as well as organonitrates which were likely derived from NO3 radical oxidation of monoterpenes. Overall, the signal measured by the EESI-TOF and AMS showed a good correlation. Further, the two instruments were in excellent agreement in terms of both the mass contribution apportioned to the sum of POA and SOA factors and the total SOA signal. However, while the OOA factors separated by AMS analysis exhibited a flat diurnal pattern, the EESI-TOF factors illustrated significant chemical variation throughout the day. The captured variability, inaccessible from AMS PMF analysis, was shown to be consistent with the variations in the physiochemical processes influencing chemical composition and SOA formation. The improved source separation and interpretability of EESI-TOF results suggest it to be a promising approach to source apportionment and atmospheric composition research.
Rapid transition in winter aerosol composition in Beijing from 2014 to 2017: response to clean air actions
Authors: Li Haiyan , Cheng Jing , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Bo , Zhang Yuxuan , Zheng Guangjie , He Kebin
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The clean air actions implemented by the Chinese government in 2013 have led to significantly improved air quality in Beijing. In this work, we combined the in-situ measurements of the chemical components of submicron particles (PM1) in Beijing during the winters of 2014 and 2017 and a regional chemical transport model to investigate the impact of clean air actions on aerosol chemistry and quantify the relative contributions of anthropogenic emissions, meteorological conditions, and regional transport to the changes in aerosol chemical composition from 2014 to 2017. We found that the average PM1 concentration in winter in Beijing decreased by 49.5 % from 2014 to 2017 (from 66.2 μg m−3 to 33.4 μg m−3). Sulfate exhibited a much larger decline than nitrate and ammonium, which led to a rapid transition from sulfate-driven to nitrate-driven aerosol pollution during the wintertime. Organic aerosol (OA), especially coal combustion OA, and black carbon also showed large decreasing rates, indicating the effective emission control of coal combustion and biomass burning. The decreased sulfate contribution and increased nitrate fraction were highly consistent with the much faster emission reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) due to phasing out coal in Beijing compared to reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions estimated by bottom-up inventory. The chemical transport model simulations with these emission estimates reproduced the relative changes in aerosol composition and suggested that the reduced emissions in Beijing and its surrounding regions played a dominant role. The variations in meteorological conditions and regional transport contributed much less to the changes in aerosol concentration and its chemical composition during 2014–2017 compared to the decreasing emissions. Finally, we observed that changes in precursor emissions also altered the aerosol formation mechanisms. The decreased SO2 emissions suppressed the rapid formation of secondary sulfate through heterogeneous reactions. The observed explosive growth of sulfate at a relative humidity (RH) greater than 50 % in 2014 was delayed to a higher RH of 70 % in 2017. Thermodynamic simulations showed that the decreased sulfate and nitrate concentrations have lowered the aerosol water content, particle acidity, and ammonium particle fraction. The results in this study demonstrated the response of aerosol chemistry to the stringent clean air actions and identified that the anthropogenic emission reductions are a major driver, which could help to further guide air pollution control strategies in China.
Impacts of land-use change and elevated CO2 on the interannual variations and seasonal cycles of gross primary productivity in China
Authors: Jia Binghao , Luo Xin , Cai Ximing , Jain Atul , Huntzinger Deborah N. , Xie Zhenghui , Zeng Ning , Mao Jiafu , Shi Xiaoying , Ito Akihiko , Wei Yaxing , Tian Hanqin , Poulter Benjamin , Hayes Dan , Schaefer Kevin
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Climate change, rising CO2 concentration, and land use and land cover change (LULCC) are primary driving forces for terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), but their impacts on the temporal changes in GPP are confounded. In this study, the effects of the three main factors on the interannual variation (IAV) and seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) of GPP in China were investigated using 12 terrestrial biosphere models from the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project. The simulated ensemble mean value of China's GPP, driven by common climate forcing, LULCC, and CO2 data, was found to be 7.4 ± 1.8 Pg C yr−1, which was in close agreement with the independent upscaling GPP estimate (7.1 Pg C yr−1). In general, climate was the dominant control factor of the annual trends, IAV, and seasonality of China's GPP. The overall rising CO2 led to enhanced plant photosynthesis, thus increasing annual mean and IAV of China's total GPP, especially in northeastern and southern China where vegetation is dense. LULCC decreased the IAV of China's total GPP by ~ 7 %, whereas rising CO2 induced an increase of 8 %. Compared to climate change and elevated CO2, LULCC showed less contributions to GPP's temporal variation and its impact acted locally, mainly in southwestern China. Furthermore, this study also examined subregional contributions to the temporal changes in China's total GPP. Southern and southeastern China showed higher contributions to China's annual GPP, whereas southwestern and central parts of China explained larger fractions of the IAV in China's GPP.
Version 1 of a sea ice module for the physics based, detailed, multi-layer SNOWPACK model
Authors: Wever Nander , Rossmann Leonard , Maaß Nina , Leonard Katherine C. , Kaleschke Lars , Nicolaus Marcel , Lehning Michael
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Sea ice is an important component of the global climate system. The presence of a snowpack covering sea ice can strongly modify the thermodynamic behaviour of the sea ice, due to the low thermal conductivity and high albedo of snow. The snowpack can be strongly stratified and change properties (density, water content, grain size and shape) throughout the seasons. Fresh water percolation during snow melt can decrease the salinity of the underlying ice, while flooding of the snow layer by saline ocean water can strongly impact both the ice mass balance and the freezing point of the snow. To capture the complex dynamics from the snowpack, we introduce modifications to the physics-based, multi-layer SNOWPACK model to simulate the snow-sea ice system. This involves modifications to the model thermodynamics and to describe water and salt transport through the snow – sea ice system by coupling the transport equation to the Richards equation. These modifications allow the snow microstructure descriptions developed in the SNOWPACK model to be applied to sea ice conditions as well. Here, we drive the model with data from Snow and Ice Mass-balance Buoys installed in the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. The model is able to simulate the temporal evolution of snow density, grain size and shape and snow wetness. The model simulations show abundant depth hoar layers and melt layers, as well as superimposed ice formation due to flooding and percolation. Gravity drainage of dense brine is underestimated as convective processes are so far neglected. Furthermore, with increasing model complexity, detailed forcing data for the simulations is required, which is difficult to acquire due to limited observations in polar regions.
Uncertainty caused by resistances in evapotranspiration
Authors: Zhao Wen Li , Xiong Yu Jiu , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Gentine Pierre , Chen Baoyu , Qiu Guo Yu
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Quantifying the uncertainties induced by resistance parameterization is fundamental to understanding, improving, and developing terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models. Using high-density eddy covariance (EC) tower observations in a heterogeneous oasis in Northwest China, this study evaluates the impact of resistances on latent heat flux (LE) estimations, the energy equivalent of ET, by comparing resistance parameterizations with varied complexity under one- and two-source Penman-Monteith (PM) equations. We then discuss possible solutions for reducing such uncertainties by employing a three-temperature (3T) model, which does not explicitly include resistance-related parameters. The results show that the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) varied from 32 % to 39 % for the LE estimates from the one- and two-source PM equations. When only surface resistance (rs) was parameterized under the one-source network, then the uncertainty (defined as the difference between MAPEs) dropped to 12 %. When both rs and aerodynamic resistance (ra) were parameterized differently under the one- and two-source networks, then the uncertainties in the estimates were 11~23 %, emphasizing that multiple resistances add uncertainties. Additionally, the 3T model performed better than the PM equations, with MAPE of 19 %. The results suggest that 1) although prior calibration of the parameters required in resistance estimations can improve the PM-based LE estimates, resistance parameterization process can generate obvious uncertainties, 2) more complex resistance parameterizations leads to more uncertainty in the LE estimation, and 3) the relatively simple 3T model avoids resistance parameterization, thus introducing less uncertainty in the LE estimation.
Continuous in-situ monitoring of nitrate concentration in soils – a key for groundwater protection from nitrate pollution
Authors: Yeshno Elad , Arnon Shlomi , Dahan Ofer
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Lack of real-time information on nutrient availability in cultivated soils inherently leads to excess application of fertilizers in agriculture. As a result, nitrate, which is a soluble, stable and mobile component of fertilizers, leaches below the root zone through the unsaturated zone and eventually pollutes the groundwater and other related water resources. Rising nitrate concentration in aquifers is recognized as a worldwide environmental problem that contributes to water scarcity. Accordingly, developing technologies for continuous in-situ measurement of nitrate concentration in the soils are essential for optimizing fertilizer application and preventing water resource pollution by nitrate. Here we present a conceptual approach for a monitoring system that enables in-situ and continuous measurement of nitrate concentration in soil. The monitoring system is based on absorbance spectroscopy techniques for direct determination of nitrate concentration in soil porewater without pretreatment, such as filtration, dilution, or reagent supplementation. A new analytical procedure was developed to improve measurement accuracy while eliminating the typical measurement interference caused by soil dissolved organic carbon. The analytical procedure was tested at four field sites over 2 years and proved to be an effective tool for nitrate analysis in untreated soil. A soil nitrate-monitoring apparatus, combining specially designed optical flow cells with soil porewater-sampling units, enabled for the first time, real-time continuous measurement of nitrate concentration in the soil. The system provided outstanding and explicit data revealing the complexities of the temporal variations in soil nitrate concentrations in response to irrigation cycles and fertilizer-application pattern. Such real-time measurements of soil nitrate levels are crucial for optimizing fertilizer application to increase agricultural yield while reducing the potential threat of groundwater contamination by down-leaching of nitrate from the soil.
Double entry method for the verification of data a chromatography data system receives
Authors: Marehn David Thomas , Wilhelm Detlef , Pospisil Heike , Pizzoferrato Roberto
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The importance of software validation increases since the need for high
usability and suitability of software applications grows. In order to reduce
costs and manage risk factors, more and more recommendations and rules have
been established. In the field of pharmacy the vendors of so-called
chromatography data systems (CDSs) had to implement the guidelines of
the Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 (CFR 21) during the last few years
in order to fulfill the increasing requirements. The CFR 21 part 11 deals
with electronic records and signatures. This part is binding for each company
in the regulated environment that wishes to create, edit and sign electronic
information instead of printing them on paper. Subsection CFR 21 part
11.10(h) explains how to perform an input check for manual user entries as
well as for data that will be collected from an external device. In this
article we present an approach performing the double entry method on data
provided by the hardware instrument in order to investigate possible
influences on the raw data by the handling CDS. A software tool has been written which allows us to communicate with a
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detector and acquire data from
it. The communication is completely independent of a CDS which is started
separately and connected to the same system. Using this configuration we made
a parallel data acquisition of two instances at the same time possible. Two
CDSs have been tested and for at least one of them it has been shown that a
comparison of the acquired data can be done as with the double entry method
for the data verification. For the second CDS we checked whether it would be
applicable after a few modifications. The given approach could be either used
for a live data verification of produced raw data or as a single test during
a software operational qualification to verify the data acquisition
functionality of the software.
Investigating the relationship between volume transport and sea surface height in a numerical ocean model
Authors: Vermeulen Estee Ann , Backeberg Björn , Hermes Juliet , Elipot Shane
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Agulhas Current Time-series Experiment mooring array (ACT) measured transport of the
Agulhas Current at 34∘ S for a period of 3 years. Using along-track
satellite altimetry data directly above the array, a proxy of Agulhas Current
transport was developed based on the relationship between cross-current sea
surface height (SSH) gradients and the measured transports. In this study,
the robustness of the proxy is tested within a numerical modelling framework
using a 34-year-long regional hindcast simulation from the Hybrid Coordinate
Ocean Model (HYCOM). The model specifically tested the sensitivity of the
transport proxy to (1) changes in the vertical structure of the current and
to (2) different sampling periods used to calculate the proxy. Two reference
proxies were created using HYCOM data from 2010 to 2013 by extracting model
data at the mooring positions and along the satellite altimeter track for
the box (net) transport and the jet (southwestward) transport. Sensitivity
tests were performed where the proxy was recalculated from HYCOM for (1) a
period where the modelled vertical stratification was different compared to
the reference proxy and (2) different lengths of time periods: 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 34 years. Compared to the simulated (native) transports, it was found
that the HYCOM proxy was more capable of estimating the box transport of the
Agulhas Current compared to the jet transport. This was because the model is unable to resolve the dynamics associated with meander events, for which the jet transport algorithm was developed. The HYCOM configuration in this study
contained exaggerated levels of offshore variability in the form of
frequently impinging baroclinic anticyclonic eddies. These eddies
consequently broke down the linear relationship between SSH slope and
vertically integrated transport. Lastly, results showed that calculating the
proxy over shorter or longer time periods in the model did not significantly
impact the skill of the Agulhas transport proxy. Modelling studies of this
kind provide useful information towards advancing our understanding of the
sensitivities and limitations of transport proxies that are needed to improve
long-term ocean monitoring approaches.
Two superimposed cold and fresh anomalies enhanced Irminger Sea deep convection in 2016–2018
Authors: Zunino Patricia , Mercier Herlé , Thierry Virginie
Published: May 2019

Abstract. While Earth system models project a reduction, or even a shut-down, of deep convection in the North Atlantic Ocean in response to anthropogenic forcing, deep convection returned to the Irminger Sea in 2008 and occurred several times since then to reach exceptional depths > 1,500 m in 2015 and 2016. In this context, we used Argo data to show that deep convection persisted in the Irminger Sea during two additional years in 2017 and 2018 with maximum convection depth > 1,300 m. In this article, we investigate the respective roles of air-sea flux and preconditioning of the water column to explain this exceptional 4-year persistence of deep convection; we quantified them in terms of buoyancy and analyzed both the heat and freshwater components. Contrary to the very negative air-sea buoyancy flux that was observed during winter 2015, the buoyancy fluxes over the Irminger Sea during winters 2016, 2017 and 2018 were close to climatological average. We estimated the preconditioning of the water column as the buoyancy that needs to be removed (B) from the end of summer water column to homogenize the water column down to a given depth. B was lower for winters 2016–2018 than for the mean 2008–2015, including a vanishing stratification from 600 m down to ~1,300 m. It means that less air-sea buoyancy loss was necessary to reach a given convection depth than in the mean and once convection reached 600 m little additional buoyancy loss was needed to homogenize the water column down to 1,300 m. We showed that the decrease in B was due to the combined effects of a cooling of the intermediate water (200–800 m) and a decrease in salinity in the 1,200–1,400 m layer. This favorable preconditioning permitted the very deep convection observed in 2016–2018 despite the atmospheric forcing was close to the climatological average.
Calving event size measurements and statistics of Eqip Sermia,
Greenland, from terrestrial radar interferometry
Authors: Walter Andrea , Lüthi Martin P. , Vieli Andreas
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Calving is a crucial process for the recently observed dynamic mass loss changes of the Greenland ice sheet. Despite its importance for global sea level change, major limitations in understanding the calving process remain. This study presents calving event data and statistics recorded with a terrestrial radar interferometer at the front of Eqip Sermia, a marine terminating outlet glacier in Greenland. The data with a spatial resolution of several meters recorded at one-minute intervals was processed to provide source areas and volumes of 1700 individual calving events during a 6 day period. The calving front can be divided into sectors ending in shallow and deep water with different calving statistics and style. For the shallow sector, characterised by an inclined and very high front, calving events are more frequent and larger than for the vertical ice cliff of the deep sector. We suggest that the calving volume missing in our observations of the deep sector is removed by oceanic melt and subaquatic calving, which implies that subaqueous mass loss must be substantial for this sector with a contribution of up to 75 % to the frontal mass loss. The size distribution of the deep sector follows a power law, while the shallow sector is likely represented by a log-normal model. Variations in calving activity and style within the sectors seem to be controlled by the bed topography and the front geometry. Within the short observation period no clear relationship between environmental forcings and calving frequency or event volume could be detected.
Understanding the Current State and Future Directions of Hotel Sector Knowledge Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Voegeli Christoph
Published: May 2019

This review highlights the huge opportunity provided by leveraging knowledge management principles across the hotel industry. By way of context, the author has over 20 years of international experience in the hotel industry (at executive level, including managing privately-owned and single hotels, some as part of a medium-sized brand, with others as part of a very large [global] hotel brand). When he transitioned from a hotel company of medium size to one of the largest (about 10 years ago), he observed significant differences in business processes, structure, resources, and culture. Wondering about these differences, he examined them more closely and started to read broadly about strategy, competitive advantages, and capabilities. Gaining a deeper understanding, he realized that the observed differences were related to knowledge management. In his research, many organizations were found to have used knowledge management to extract, recycle, harness, share, and leverage knowledge for improved performance and competitive advantage. In some cases, millions of US dollars were saved. Furthermore, from knowledge management practices in consultancy, healthcare, and manufacturing, the expectation was that rich, in-depth research would be found on hotel-(specific) knowledge management. Logically, it was expected that top executives (and other stakeholders holding hotel portfolios, such as real estate/investment funds/investment bankers and hotel operators) would be extremely keen to learn about and use knowledge management to leverage their companies’ performance. Surprisingly, the opposite seems to be the case. This thorough review demonstrates that little research has been conducted on hotel knowledge management, and that even in hotel-(specific) knowledge management, “secrecy” (operating in a vacuum) can be experienced. The premise is that top executives (C-level executives) constantly search for the latest insights (knowledge) and best practices to find implementable concepts so their organizations can remain ahead of the competition. This paper reviews and establishes the current state of the existing body of hotel-(specific) knowledge management literature and highlights gaps and possible opportunities for the future. Through adding to the depth of hotel-(specific) knowledge management research, refreshed interest can be generated in this field, possibly stimulating a better understanding of how hotel-(specific) knowledge management can be used to maximize its benefits.
Responsibility for Assisted Living Technologies
Authors: Thorstensen Erik
Published: May 2019

The approach to innovations known as Responsible research and innovation (RRI) aims to move the innovation system towards creating products that strive to realize social values along with economic benefits. This paper discusses the systematic assessment of assistive technologies in order for them to meet the aims expressed in RRI. A central issue in the discussion is how to facilitate an integration of insights from the discourse on RRI with more established assessment approaches such as Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Based on the literature on existing socio-ethical assessment tools, I investigate how these tools can be combined with HTA and how they can add perspectives from RRI that might increase the socio-ethical value of assistive technologies. Through a discussion on how to understand RRI, HTA, assessment and integration, I suggest a list of four possible approaches that have the potential to be applied as assessment approaches that integrate insights from RRI and HTA. These are then evaluated on their ability to address issues that have emerged from a literature review on RRI and assistive technologies, on empirical studies in this technology field and on their product focus. In conclusion, I argue that the Ethical Impact Assessment, the Socratic approach, the Ethical Matrix, and the HTA Core Model seem to be the most promising methodologies, but that these need adjustments to cover substantive themes from RRI.

Keywords: energy scenarios, justice, future generations, capabilities approach
Finding balance in normative toolkits
Authors: Alvarez Allen , Thorseth May , Carson Siri Granum
Published: May 2019

This issue provides readers the opportunity to broaden understanding of methods used in applied ethics. We hope you will be inspired to decide on which method, or a combination of different ones, to use towards achieving reflective balance that can enhance understanding of all considerations relevant to deciding what should be done. Like tools, methods are used because they are well suited to the task we seek to accomplish.
Limitation of Computed Tomography in Identifying Intranasal Porcupine Quills in a Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: Captanian Nicole , Palma Douglas
Published: May 2019

A 6 yr old, spayed female, Rhodesian ridgeback was presented for a 6–8 wk history of serous nasal discharge after being quilled by a porcupine. Physical exam revealed mid dorsal maxilla sensitivity. Computed tomography showed a normal nasal cavity. Rhinoscopy revealed three porcupine quills which were removed from the nasal cavities. The patient’s clinical signs had improved dramatically at 1 wk follow-up. This case demonstrates the limitations of computed tomography for diagnosing intranasal porcupine quills and the importance of pursuing rhinoscopy in patients with clinical signs of nasal disease.
Proteomic changes in the grains of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beau) under drought stress
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xia , Yang Qinghua , Luo Yan , Gong Xiangwei , Zhang Weili , Hu Yingang , Yang Tianyu , Dong Kongjun , Feng Baili
Published: May 2019

Drought has become a serious problem that threatens global food security. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) can be used as a model crop for drought-resistant research because of its excellent performance in drought tolerance. In this study, the typical drought-tolerant foxtail millet landrace ‘Huangjinmiao’ was grown in a field under control and drought stress conditions to investigate its response to drought stress. The proteins in the harvested grains were analysed through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis to characterize the response of foxtail millet under drought stress at a proteomic level. A total of 104 differentially abundant protein spots (DAPs) were identified; among them, 57 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated under drought treatment. The identified proteins were involved in an extensive range of biological processes, including storage proteins, protein folding, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, detoxification and defense, protein degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, transporter, pentose phosphate pathway, and signal transduction. Post-translational protein modifications might also occur. Moreover, the albumin content greatly decreased under drought stress, whereas the gliadin content considerably increased (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study provides new information on the proteomic changes in foxtail millet under drought stress and a framework for further studies on the function of these identified proteins.
A View on the Future of Judicial Review of Constitutional Amendments in Turkey
Authors: Acar Ali
Published: May 2019

A View on the Future of Judicial Review of Constitutional Amendments in Turkey: An Invitation to Judicial Dialogue

In this article, I discuss and analyse the Turkish case concerning judicial review of constitutional amendments in light of a recent decision by the Constitutional Court of Turkey (CCT). In the said decision, the CCT rejected carrying out judicial review over a controversial constitutional amendment, which lifted MPs’ parliamentary immunity. This decision urges to consider its implications for the possible future cases. I refer to comparative constitutional law with the hope to shed more light on the Turkish example and grasp it comprehensively. In this respect, I illustrate the most crucial arguments developed by the Supreme Court of India (SCI), the Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVG), and the Conseil Constitutionnel (FCC) in their case law. Based on the comparative account, I draw some lessons for the CCT and invite it to get into a judicial dialogue with other supreme/constitutional courts with regard to the issue.
On semi-symmetric metric connection in sub-Riemannian manifold
Authors: Han Yanling , Fu Fengyun , Zhao Peibiao
Published: May 2019

The authors firstly in this paper define a semi-symmetric metric non-holonomic connection (in briefly, SS-connection) on sub-Riemannian manifolds. An invariant under a SS-connection transformation is obtained. The authors then further give a result that a sub-Riemannian manifold $(M,V_{0},g,\bar{\nabla})$ is locally horizontally flat if and only if $M$ is horizontally conformally flat and horizontally Ricci flat.
Interdisciplinary education by art from an early age
Authors: Minchberg Małgorzata
Published: May 2019

The author tries to answer the question: how to teach by art in the context of new, connective trends in
education. On the basis of her pedagogical experience and conducted research, she describes the effectiveness
of education consisting in combining different subjects and activities in creative action, especially
at the level of development of a small child. Creative education and learning through art nowadays
replace academic teaching methods, and in this light the role of the teacher is changing signifi cantly; the
teacher becomes a guide showing ways to acquire knowledge and creates the conditions for acquiring
various skills through real experience. Preliminary results of experimental research conducted together
with the educative staff in the Crèches Complex in Warsaw [Zespół Żłobków Warszawy] show the sense
of introducing education by art from an early age. Nurturing creative attitudes of children and carers in
the education process positively affects the overall aesthetic environment of education.
Therapeutic fairy tale as a tool supporting educational work of the teacher
Authors: Witkowska-Tomaszewska Anna
Published: May 2019

Use of fairy tales as a therapeutic tool dates back to ancient times because Greeks already used fairy tales as a tool to impact human emotions, attitudes and behavior. By fairy tales, children make a parallel
between themselves and the protagonists and through the protagonists’ experiences they develop their own cognitive, emotional or social competencies necessary to deal with specifi c situations in their
own lives. Interestingly – as stressed by B. Bettelheim – children select from fairy tales things they are ready for, what they can handle at a given moment, at the level they need. Fairy tales are therefore an
important tool for children to learn about the world and I would even say that they are “tools for social and cultural decoding” which help children to get to know and understand the adult world. On the
other hand, they are tools that enables adults to discover what is happening in the children’s minds of. Thus, a question arises, what kinds of therapeutic fairy tales exist. How to prepare a fairy tale? How
can they be used in everyday educational work? This article presents a method of preparing a therapeutic fairy tale and examples of using fairy tales in educational work with children.
Common conceptions of the younger school-age children about the selected conditions of the learning process
Authors: Ostaszewska-Tylenda Joanna
Published: May 2019

The article touches upon the issues of the conditions of learning which play a signifi cant role in acquiring and developing knowledge by younger school-age children. The aim of the research was to recognize the common concepts of younger school-age children about the factors which facilitate or hinder the learning process. The article presents the assumptions of qualitative research carried out on several focus groups consisting of 135 younger school-age children. The analysis of data acquired during the focus interview shows that the knowledge of the younger school-age children on the conditions of learning process is really extensive and touches upon numerous aspects pertaining to the process itself. Children are able to recognize and name, in a colloquial language, the factors which either hinder or support their learning process. The presented analysis is the basis to form the conclusions in the fi nal part of the article.
Profi le of musical activity of students at the beginning of their adolescence in the perspective of the years 2007–2017
Authors: Weiner Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

The author undertakes a comparative analysis of the multi-dimensional musical activity of Grade 1–3 students, in a temporal perspective which consists of a two-fold study at an interval of 10 years.
The interpretation of the captured change, in terms of the profi le of the behaviors preferred by of young Poles, leads to the conclusion that typical activity for that age group is disappearing, what may
undoubtedly serve as an inspiration for new, interdisciplinary research initiatives. The functioning of children in a virtual environment, which modifi es patterns of behavior has a special meaning for the
generated change.