bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive and Preventive Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Yamori Yukio
Published: December 2008

The development of genetic models for research on hypertension and stroke, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke‐prone SHR (SHRSP), have contributed not only to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of hypertension‐related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but also to their prediction and prevention. Since both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and stroke in SHR and SHRSP, the detection of the genetic factors and the control of environmental factors have been proven to be useful as predictive and preventive measures against hypertension and related CVD. Early rise in blood pressure, sympathetic overre‐sponsiveness, early development of cardiovascular hypertrophy, increased salt sensitivity and membrane abnormalities detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from SHR and SHRSP, which are related to the pathogenesis of hypertension, have been examined for their applicability to the prediction of hypertension in man. Pathogenic mechanisms of stroke in SHRSP have been studied by electron microscopy, and VSMC degeneration and necrosis were noted to start at the outer media of intracerebral arteries which were exposed to local hypoxia and hyponutrition due to limited diffusion through the blood brain barrier. Macrophages are involved in the process of arterionecrosis with fibrin deposition in SHRSP, and their involvement has also been proven immunohistochemically in human autopsy cases. Moreover, reduction of regional cerebral blood flow, hypoxic vulnerability of the brain detected by the NMR techinique and additional cellular abnormalities such as membrane fragility and accelerated lipid incorporation may possibly be applied to the prediction of stroke and atherosclerotic diseases in man. On the other hand, experimental control of cellular, neural and vascular mechanisms of hypertension and stroke in these animal models have been proven to be effective for the prevention of CVD not only pharmacologically but also non pharmacologically by dietary sodium reduction, and increased intake of potassium, calcium, protein and dietary fiber. The applicability of dietary control of hypertension and stroke to humans has been supported by our epidemiological studies in Japan as well as by the WHO coordinated international cooperative study on cardiovascular diseases and alimentary comparison (WHO CARDIAC study). These new experimental and epidemiological findings are extending new horizons in medicine, where the main medical activity should be focused on the prediction of diseases by detecting genetic disposition as well as on prevention by the control of environmental factors. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 683‐705, 1989.
Incorporation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Alpha‐Subunit into Different Types of Granule in Stomach Endocrine Cells
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko , Fukayama Masashi , Shiozawa Yumiko , Koike Morio
Published: December 2008

In order to demonstrate the ultrastructural localization of the α subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the stomach mucosa, an immunoelectron microscopic study was performed using formalin‐fixed specimens. In pyloric glands, α hCG‐positive granules were irregular in outline, with a mean area and maximum diameter of 2.857 × 104 nm2 and 218.4 nm, respectively. In fundic glands, the granules had a smoother outline and were larger in both area and maximum diameter (3.943 × 104 nm2, 246.8 nm) than those of pyloric glands (p <0.001). In the atrophic fundic glands of non antral gastritis, the αhCG granules showed a differece in shape; more elliptical granules appeared to be increased, as indicated by the higher value of the axial ratio (1.452) and lower value of D (1.862) (log10 area ∞ D log10 perimeter) compared with those in pyloric (1.231, 1.968) and fundic glands (1.148, 1.979) (p< 0.001). The a‐subunit of hCG is thus Incorporated into different types of endocrine cell in pyloric and fundic glands, and the granule morphology appears to differ in hyperplastic αhCG cells of non‐antral gastritis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 737‐742, 1989.
An Electron Microscopic Study of Hepatic Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Okada Kazunari , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao , Tada Izuru , Kobayashi Michio
Published: December 2008

Three cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma, each composed of an intimate mixture of numerous abnormal blood vessels and various‐sized fat, spindle and/or epithelioid cells, are presented along with the findings of an electron microscopic study. The spindle cells were confirmed to be smooth muscle by immunohistochemical staining for des‐min and by their ultrastructural characteristics. The mature fat cells, smooth muscle cells, immature short spindle cells apparently intermediate or transitional between the former two cell types, and the epithelioid cells were observed adjacent to the endothelial cells. Ultra‐structurally, the epithelioid cells were characterized by unusual cytoplasmic organelles such as myofilaments having focal densities and dense attachments, numerous large electron‐dense bodies, and a large number of glycogen particles and lipid droplets. Therefore, it is considered that the immature short spindle and epithelioid cells in hepatic angiomyolipoma might be primitive mesenchymal cells having an ability to differentiate toward both smooth muscle and fat cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 39 : 743‐749, 1989.
Malignant Spindle Cell Tumor of the Pericardium
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Tachikawa Yosf Shinzo , Oguma Fumiaki , Sakashita Shi , Sakashita Isao
Published: December 2008

A case of malignant spindle cell tumor occurring in the pericardium in presented. The tumor arose from the pericardium of a 51‐year‐old Japanese woman with no history of exposure to asbestos. The tumor extended into the pericardial and left pleural cavities. The primary and metastatic tumors consisted of fusiform cells with frequent mitoses. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells possessed a discontinuous external lamina, cytoplasmic processes, microfilaments and desmosomal intercellular junctions. Immunohistochemical examination showed that most tumor cells were positive for Leu 7, and several for S 100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Unexpectedly, most of the tumor cells also expressed keratin. These findings favor a diagnosis of sarcomatous mesothelioma with aberrant antigenic expression or heterogeneous differentiation of neoplastic cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 750‐754, 1989.
Quantitative Analysis of Fiber Disarray Developing in Papillary Muscles Unloaded after Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Tezuka Fumiaki , Sato Ikuro , Mori Hiroki , Nomura Masuko , Hort Waldemar
Published: December 2008

Muscle fiber disarray which developed in the papillary muscle released from its chordal attachment after mitral valve replacement (MVR) was analysed histometrically in 23 hearts. The degree of disarray, or how far the fiber arrangement deviated from an ideal condition in which the fibers are considered to be aligned in parallel, was evaluated in terms of the “disarray index”. This index corresponds to the ratio of the minor to major axes of a regression ellipse which can be obtained histometrically by plotting the reciprocal of the number of muscle fibers intersected by a test line of equal length in every direction on a polar coordinate system. The index can vary continuously in a range from 0.00 for a completely parallel fiber alignment to 1.00 for a completely random distribution. The estimated index showed a gradual increase from 0.05 to 0.68 according to the postoperative survival period after MVR with a significant positive correlation (r=0.793, p< 0.01). The index was inversely correlated with the mean muscle fiber diameter (r=‐0.433, p<0.05). These results indicate that the disarray which develops in the papillary muscle after MVR is a deformation of the normally parallel arrangement of fibers toward an isotropic texture under focal disruption of the normally longitudinally oriented tensile force. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 779‐785, 1989.
Diffuse Pleural Rhabdomyosarcoma with Persistent Pleural Effusion
Authors: Hamada Tetsuo , Tanimoto Akihide , Kaido Masanobu , Matsumoto Shigeru , Iribe Kaneshige , Koide Osamu
Published: December 2008

A unique case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising at the left pleura of a 7‐year‐old Japanese girl is reported. The present case was characterized by persistent pleural effusion, and the malignant cells incidentally found in it were the first diagnostic clue. The tumor showed a rare growth pattern involving diffuse thickening of the parietal pleura. Biopsy of the thickened parietal pleura upon thoracotomy revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma largely composed of immature mesenchymal cells. Immunohistochemical demonstration of creatinine phos‐phokinase MM was most helpful among several types of immunostain for the histopathological diagnosis. Ultra‐structurally, thin filaments with primitive Z bands could be seen in some tumor cells. Intensive clinical examination revealed only diffuse thickening of the parietal pleura, which was reduced by chemotherapy. This is the first documented case of rhabdomyosarcoma arising at the pleura. Previous reports of rhabdomyosarcoma arising at unusual sites are reviewed and the histogenesis of this tumor is briefly discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 803 809, 1989.
Immunohistological Studies of Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Testicular Tunica Vaginalis
Authors: Takebayashi Katsushige , Fujioka Yasunori , Nagashima Kazuo , Nagakawa Tatsuya , Kubota Michihiro
Published: December 2008

A fibrous pseudotumor of the testis from a 46 year old man was examined histologically and immunohisto‐chemically. The tumor, situated in the tunica vaginalis, appeared as multiple round nodules up to 2 cm in diameter, and was composed largely of fibrous tissue with scanty inflammatory cell infiltration. Besides mesothelial cells covering part of the tumor, foci of piled up cells were found among the fibrous tumor tissue. The cells in the foci were spindle and polygonal in shape, and contained oval nuclei. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for vimentin and keratin, but negative for CEA. Similar features have been found in pleural mesothelioma, supporting the concept that testicular fibrous pseudotumor could represent neoplastic growth of the mesothelium of the tunica vaginalis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 810813, 1989.
The Reactive Cellular Population and Expression of Blood Group Substance in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroto
Published: December 2008

The correlation between the expression of blood group substance (BGS) and the host's immune response was studied in 23 samples of human colorectal carcinoma tissue. Several monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte subsets and histiocytes were used for immunostaining of frozen sections, and MoAbs against BGS (A, B, H) for paraffin sections. In proximal colon cancers (10 cases), the cancer tissues showing expression of BGS revealed a greater increase in cells reactive for 0KT11, Leu‐7, and Leu M3 than those with deletion of BGS. However, in distal large bowel cancers (13 cases), there was no significant difference between the cancer tissues without BGS expression and those with BGS re expression. In all locations of the large bowel, cancer tissues showing expression of incompatible antigen revealed a greater reduction of reactive cells than those with expression of compatible antigen. These results suggest that there are disparities in the host's immune response to proximal colon and distal bowel carcinoma, and that factors other than BGS (A, B, H) might influence the immune response in cases with expression of incompatible antigen. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 313∼320, 1989.
Clear Cell Sarcoma. An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Hasegawa Tadashi , Hirose Takanori , Kudo Eiji , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

The histogenesis of clear cell sarcoma was investigated by immunohistochemical examination of five tumors (two melanotic and three amelanotic) and electron microscopic examination of two of these tumors (one melanotic and one amelanotic). Melanin production was observed histologically in two of the tumors. The cytoplasm of ceils in both types of tumor contained various numbers of melanosomes. Melanoma‐specific antibody (HMB‐45), anti S 100 protein, and anti vimentin antibodies gave positive reactions in four tumors, while all tumors showed Leu 7 immunoreactivity. No cytokeratin or epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was detected immunohisto‐chemically in any tumor. The immunoreactivity of this type of tumor with HMB‐45 antibody strongly suggests melanocytic differentiation rather than schwannian or synovial differentiation. The reaction of the cells of one tumor with only Leu‐7 indicates the existence of undifferentiated clear cell sarcoma of neuroectodermal origin that does not show definite melanocytic differentiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 321 327, 1989.
An Autopsy Case of Tuberous Sclerosis Associated with Primary Pericardial Mesothelioma
Authors: Naramoto Atsuhiko , Itoh Nobuo , Nakano Masayuki , Shigematsu Hidekazu
Published: December 2008

Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville Pringle phacomatosis) has been known to be associated with cardiac rhabdomyoma, but apparently never previously with primary pericardial mesothelioma. We present an autopsy case of this condition in a 59 year old man, who had been diagnosed as having tuberous sclerosis in view of the presence of facial sebaceous adenoma, mental retardation, intracranial calcification, cerebral ventricular dilatation and renal tumor. During the clinical course, characterized by heart failure due to cardiac tamponade, cardiac sarcoma was diagnosed by imaging techniques. Autopsy revealed bi‐phasic type primary pericardial mesothelioma. As to the tuberous sclerosis, atypical giant cells in the tubers of the cerebral cortex and the lateral ventricular wall were found, which were considered to be derived from neurons rather than glial cells on the basis of staining with Bodian, Holzer, and antibodies against NSE, GFA and S 100 protein. In old tubers protruding into the lateral ventricles, fibrous glias were present with dense calcospherite deposits, coinciding with the CT findings. The renal tumors were angio‐myolipomas, which were present bilaterally and showed partially infiltrative growth, but seemed to have a benign nature because of the lack of metastasis and atypism of the leiomyocytes. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 400‐406, 1989.
An Autopsy Case of So‐called Midline Malignant Reticulosis Followed by Extensive Dissemination with Immunohisto‐chemical Evidence for Its T Cell Malignancy
Authors: Ohta Yoshihide , Shimamura Kazuo , Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Horiuchi Masatoshi , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of malignant midline reticulosis (MMR) is reported. The patient, a 42 year old Japanese male, died after a clinical course of 22 months. Autopsy revealed extensive infiltration of generalized organs by the tumor cells, suggesting that the disease was highly malignant in nature. Staining with monoclonal antibodies against T cell surface antigens Leu 4 on frozen sections and UCHL1 on paraffin embedded sections enabled us to examine the phenotype of the tumor cells with good morphological preservation and to verify the T cell nature of the tumor. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 446 450, 1989.
Primary Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency A Case Report and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Aida Shinsuke , Ogata Takesaburo , Kamota Tomohiro , Nakamura Norimasa
Published: December 2008

Histological and ultrastructural findings obtained upon examination of a liver biopsy specimen from a 2 year old girl with primary ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency are presented. The OTC activity in the hepatic tissue of the patient was 7% that of the normal level. Light microscopic observation showed diffusely swollen hepatocytes with pale or empty cytoplasm due to accumulation of glycogen. Neither fat degeneration nor necrosis was evident. Electron microscopy revealed strikingly abnormal hepatocyte mitochondria, which showed marked polymorphism with elongation and enlargement, ring or dumbbell shaped configurations, and irregular distribution and shortening of the cristae. Mitochondria showing degenerative alterations such as swelling and rarefaction, which have been reported in cases of Reye's syndrome, were present, but their number was very small. Other organelles showed no remarkable change. It is suggested that the mitochondrial changes seen in OTC deficiency are essentially different from those in Reye's syndrome, which otherwise is clinically and biochemibcally very similar to OTC deficiency. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 451 456, 1989.
Glycogen‐rich Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Breast An Autopsy Case
Authors: Okamoto Tsukasa
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCCC) which arose i n the right breast of a 72‐year‐woman is reported. Light microscopic examination of small finger‐tip‐sized tumor revealed solid alveolar proliferation of clear cells containing abundant glycogen. munohistochemically, most of the clear tumor cells were stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and alphalactalbumin, whereas a few eosinophilic tumor cells were positive for S‐100 protein, EMA and actin. Electron microscopically, aggregates of glycogen particles, numerous empty glycogen lakes, microvilli, tight junctions and basal lamina were identified. Autopsy disclosed marked metastases to the liver, lung, adrenal, skin and lymph nodes. Primary breast cancer was confirmed by exclusion of primary at any other site. It is suggested that although rare, GRCCC of the breast is as aggressive as usual invasive ductal carcinoma, and is associated with severe nodal and blood‐borne metastases, followed by death. Acta Pathol Jpn 39 : 469‐472, 1989.
Induction of Interstitial Nephritis in Rats by Basement Membrane of Human Origin
Authors: Joh Kensuke , Shibasaki Toshiaki , Ohkawa Kiyoshi , Aizawa Shigeo
Published: December 2008

A study was conducted to investigate nephritogenic tubular basement membrane antigens common to human and rat kidneys. Brown Norway (BN) rats were immunized with human renal basement membrane in complete Freund's adjuvant simultaneously with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. The immunized rats developed polyuria and increased levels of serum creatinine one week after the second immunization. Renal histology at this time revealed marked, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with linear deposition of IgG and C, along the tubular basement membrane and Bowman's capsule, but not along the glomerular basement membrane. Rats with this tubulointerstitial nephritis rapidly developed antibodies against renal antigens from normal BN rats such as tubular basement membrane and proximal tubule brush border, however antibodies to glomerular basement membrane appeared later. Western blotting using the same rat sera detected a 145 kDa antigen from 8 M ufea solubilized human renal basement membrane and 120‐kDa, 135 kDa and 145 kDa antigens from 8M urea solubinzed BN rat renal basement membrane. This suggests that renal basement membranes of human and rat origin have common antigens involved in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 551 557, 1989.
Cytofluorometric Determination of Nuclear DNA in Heart Muscles of Patients with Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Kuwamura Yasuko , Shono Masayuki , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

The degree of DNA polyploidy of cardiac muscle cells was investigated by cytofluorometry in 4 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy (DMP) and 2 cases of myotonic dystrophy (DM), and the results were compared with those for non dystrophic hearts of normal or increased weight. The heart muscle cells from all patients with these forms of dystrophy showed marked nuclear DNA hyperploidy reaching 16c, irrespective of cardiac hypertrophy or atrophy. In the non dystrophic group, DNA hypertrophy corresponding to that of dystrophy was only detected in cases of marked cardiac hypertrophy exceeding a weight of 400 g. The wasting of the respiratory musculature, deformity of the thorax and cardiac muscular atrophy appeared to be the principal factors causing DNA polyploidy in patients with muscular dystrophy. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 566 572,1989.
Comparative Study of Neuroectodermal Tumor and Ewing's Sarcoma of the Bone
Authors: Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Yokoyama Ryohei , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: December 2008

We carried out a histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 19 tumors, previously classified as Ewing's sarcoma of the bone (ESB). The tumors were categorized histologically into four groups according to the presence or absence and the distribution of Homer‐Wright rosettes, together with the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features: 1) neuroectodermal tumor of bone (NTB) with diffusely dispersed rosettes (4 cases), 2) conventional ESB totally lacking the rosettes (9 cases), 3) intermediate type tumor with characteristics of both NTB and ESB (4 cases), and 4) spindle cell type tumor with focal rosettes (2 cases). Ultrastructurally, NTB contained neurotubules and neurosecretory granules, whereas ESB consisted of only undifferentiated cells. Immunoreactivity with antineural antibodies, such as Leu 7, and those against synaptophysin, NSE, neurofilament, and chromo‐granin, was detected in the majority of NTB, in intermediate and spindle cell‐type tumors and in two of the nine cases of ESB. In view of these findings, we propose that use of the term “neuroectodermal tumor of the bone” should be restricted to tumors with an extensive distribution of rosettes, and that those without unequivocal rosettes should be classified as ESB, although ESB may be the most undifferentiated form of NTB and some overlap may occur between the two tumor types. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 573 581, 1989.
Gallstones in Gallbladder Diseases
Authors: Yamamoto Masami , Nakajo Susumu , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

The correlation between gallbladder stones (gallstones) and various gallbladder diseases was examined. The incidence of gallstones was 47.1% in cases of nonneoplastic epithelial polyp, 48.0% in adenoma, and 59.1% in adenocarcinoma. There was no relation between the incidence of gallstones and sex. The incidence of gallstones in cancer cases showed no difference among histological gradings. Non neoplastic epithelial polyps, adenomas and carcinomas were divided into metaplastic type and non metaplastic type based on the presence or absence of metaplastic changes. Comparison of the incidence of gallstones showed that cases of metaplastic type polyp and adenoma had a higher incidence of gallstones than non metaplastic type polyp and adenoma. In the cases of cancer, no differences were observed in the incidence of gallstones between metaplastic type and non metaplastic type carcinomas. However, comparison among early carcinomas showed that metaplastic type carcinoma had a significantly higher incidence of gallstones than the non metaplastic type. These results suggest that gallstones may play an important role in the histogenesis of gallbladder diseases of the metaplastic type. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 582 585, 1989.
Secretory Carcinoma Coexistent with Mucinous Carcinoma in the Breast
Authors: Tamura Gen , Mikawa Sumiko , Monma Nobuhiro
Published: December 2008

Secretory carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma were found to coexist in the breast of a 67 year old post menopausal woman, although the tumors were separated by a thin fibrous septum. Histochemically, intra‐ and extracellular secretory materials in both carcinomas were strongly positive for alcian blue, PAS and mucicarmine staining, but immunohistochemically negative for α‐ lactalbumin and CEA. Membrane‐bound intracytoplasmic vacuoles showing emiocytosis were observed in both the secretory and mucinous carcinomas by electron microscopy. No differences were observed between the tumor cells of secretory carcinoma and those of mucinous carcinoma by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. However, there were definite statistically significant differences in the results of morphometry of tumor cell nuclei. Secretory carcinoma is considered to be an anaplastic variant type of mucinous carcinoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 593 598, 1989.
Peroxidase Activity in Benign Nodular Lesions and Carcinoma in the Rat Thyroid Induced by N‐nitrosobis (2‐hydroxypropyI) amine and Phenobarbital
Authors: Kato Shigeru , Yamashita Hiroto , Nakayama Lwao
Published: December 2008

Nodular lesions induced by N‐nitrosobis (2‐hydroxypropyl) amine (BHP) and phenobarbital (Pb) in F344 rat thyroid were histologically divided into 2 categories, benign lesions and carcinoma. Benign lesions were subclassified into 3 types mainly based on histological characteristics and localization of peroxidase (PO). The type 1 lesion showed localization of PO almost identical with that of the group 1 rat thyroid. Type 2 was characterized by an intense reaction product of PO in the cytoplasm but a weak one on the surface of the microvilli, and type 3 exhibited localization of PO opposite to that of type 2. Carcinoma proliferated in papillary, follicular and poorly differentiated patterns and developed as de novo carcinoma with the highest incidence, although a considerable number of carcinomas coexisted with benign type 3 lesions. A majority of these carcinomas lacked the reaction product for PO. These results suggest that benign nodular lesions, especially types 2 and 3, show hyperactivity of PO synthesis reflecting their response to excessively secreted TSH, whereas carcinoma is autonomous, because of marked inhibition of PO synthesis even in the presence of TSH hypersecretion. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 1–8,1990.
Influence of Strain and Sex on the Local Development of Mammary Tumors Induced by Direct Application of DMBA Powder to Rat Mammary Glands
Authors: Tsubura Airo , Izuno Yoshio , Shoji Tetsuji , Kusunose Naotaka , Morii Sotokichi
Published: December 2008

In order to determine the influence of strain and sex on local carcinogenesis in rat mammary tissue, 1 mg of 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was dusted directly onto the exposed mammary gland of 30‐day‐old Long‐Evans (L‐E) rats and Sprague‐Dawley (S‐D) rats. The experiment was terminated 28 weeks after application of the carcinogen. Tumors measuring between 1 and 2 cm in diameter were harvested from female L‐E rats with high frequency (85%) and long latency (mean: 23.7 weeks after DMBA dusting), and from female S‐D rats with extremely high frequency (98%) and short latency (16.7 weeks). Male rats of both strains were almost identically much less susceptible to DMBA (L‐E; 55%, 25.0 weeks, S‐D; 53%, 23.9 weeks). Ovariectomized S‐D (47%, 24.9 weeks) and orchiectomized S‐D (30%, 24.8 weeks) rats, which were gonadectomized at 30 days of age, respectively, were also much less susceptible. A variety of histologies, mostly malignant epithelial, mesenchymal or mixed tumors, were noted in each group. The carcinomatous response in the mammary tissue was much higher in female S‐D (96%) than in female L‐E (50%) rats, and very low in male and gonadectomized rats (10‐20%). In contrast, the sar‐comatous response in the mammary tissue was moderate in female and male L‐E and male S‐D (43‐50%) rats, and low in the other groups (15‐29%). Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 9–13, 1990.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Estrogen Receptors in Human Gallbladder
Authors: Yamamoto Masami , Nakajo Susumu , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

Estrogen receptors (ER) in human gallbladders were examined immunohistochemically using a specific monoclonal antibody against human ER. ER immunoreactivity was positive in 6 (19.4%) of 31cases of cholelithiasis, 6 (33.3%) of 18 cases of epithelial polyp, 14 (53.8%) of 26 cases of adenoma, and 26 (22.8%) of 114 cases of adeno‐carcinoma. ER immunoreactivity was located at the nucleus of the epithelium of both non neoplastic and neo‐plastic tissues, although the number of ER‐immunoreactive cells was small. There was no sex difference in the incidence of ER immunoreactivity. No significant difference in survival rates could be demonstrated between ER‐positive and ER‐negative carcinomas. Epithelial polyps, adenomas and carcinomas were divided into metaplastic type and non‐metaplastic type based on the presence or absence of metaplastic changes for comparison of the incidence of ER immunoreactivity. The incidence of ER immunoreactivity in the metaplastic type was significantly higher than that in the non‐metaplastic type. We conclude that ER are present in the gallbladder mucosa in various disease states and suggest that the presence of ER is related to metaplasia of the gallbladder mucosa. Acta Pathol Jpn40: 14–21, 1990.
ImmunohistochemicaI and UItrastructuraI LocaIization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Liver and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues
Authors: Fukusato Toshio , Mori Shigeo , Kawamoto Tomoyuki , Taniguchi Shigehiko , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma and non‐cancerous liver tissues was investigated immuno‐histochemically in order to evaluate the possible role of EGF‐R expression in neoplastic transformation of he‐patocytes. lmmunoreactive EGF‐R molecules were identified on frozen sections by means of the avidin‐biotin im‐munoperoxidase complex technique using a monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope of the external domain of human EGF‐R. Linear positive staining was present on the surface of carcinoma cells in one hepatoblastoma and in 9 of 11HCCs. In addition, an enhanced level of surface EGF‐R expression was observed on the tumor cells in 9 of 12 cases in comparison with that on hepatocytes in surrounding non‐cancerous liver tissue, which in most cases showed chronic inflammation, hepatocyte injury or regeneration. No positive staining in the form of coalescent cytoplasmic granules was present in HCC or hepatoblastoma cells, nor in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in normal or non‐cancerous diseased liver tissue. Little or no reactivity was present on the surface membrane of hepatocytes in the normal liver tissues of 8 control cases. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy revealed the localization of this immunoreactive EGF‐R molecule on the plasma membrane. Considering that the functional form of EGF‐R could be localized on the plasma membrane, the enhanced expression of immunoreactive EGF‐R on the tumor cell surface demonstrated here may suggest a possible role of EGF‐R in the development or progression of human HCC as well as in hepatocyte regeneration. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 22–29, 1990.
Studies on Pulmonary Anthracosis With Special Reference to the Mineral Constitution of Intrapulmonary Particulate Pollutants in the Human Lung
Authors: Ohshima Susumu
Published: December 2008

In order to investigate anthracosis of the human lung, especially its causal relationship with atmospheric pollution and the occurrence of lung cancer, intrapulmonary particulate pollutants (IPP) from autopsy cases and patients lobectomized because of lung cancer were separated by alkali digestion of the lung tissue, and their elemental constitution was analyzed by a wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer. Silicon was the most abundant mineral constituent of non‐carbonaceous fraction of IPP, followed by calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and other trace elements. The levels of silicon and aluminum in IPP were significantly higher in individuals treated at Saitama Medical School Hospital than in those from Tokyo. Farmers showed higher levels of silicon and aluminum than other occupational categories, whereas male blue‐collar workers showed higher levels of calcium and lead than farmers. The level of iron in IPP of male smokers tended to be higher than in non‐smokers. In cases of lung cancer, especially of the hilar type, the levels of iron, calcium, copper, lead, chromium and nickel in IPP tended to be higher than in non‐lung cancer cases, whereas the levels of silicon and aluminum were lower than in non‐lung cancer cases. On the basis of these results, pulmonary anthracosis was considered to be etiologically related to the occurrence of lung cancer. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 41–49, 1990.
Ganglioglial Differentiation in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Kudo Motoshige , Shimizu Masakuni , Akutsu Yasuhiko , Lrnaya Hisatoshi , Chen Mau Nan , Miura Myota
Published: December 2008

A case of cerebellar medulloblastoma with clusters of mature ganglion cells and glial cells is described. The patient, a 15 ‐year ‐old girl, underwent three operations followed each time by radiation and chemotherapy during the four‐year clinical course. Histologically, the ganglion cells were clearly identifiable by their abundant eosino‐philic cytoplasm, round nuclei with prominent nucleoli, tigroid granules, and argyrophilic fibrils and axons. Im‐munohistochemically, the cells were NSE‐ and NF positive, and ultrastructurally they contained abundant tubules and filaments, neurosecretory granules and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. There were many cells transitional in appearance between primitive cells and mature ganglion cells. The tumor also had many mature yet atypical astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The exact mechanism of the extensive neuronal and glial maturation of medulloblastoma cells is unclear, but the repetitive surgical interventions, radiation and chemotherapy might have had certain cytostatic effects on rapidly dividing medulloblastoma cells, giving them a chance to mature into postmitotic cells with potential for neuronal and glial differentiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 50–56, 1990.
Massive Ovarian Edema Associated with Polycystic Ovary
Authors: Sageshima Masato , Masuda Hirotake , Kawamura Koichi , Shozawa Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A 14‐ year ‐old girl with massive ovarian edema (MOE) of the right ovary and a polycystic ovary is presented. The right ovary was moderately enlarged and incompletely twisted. Histologically, it showed diffuse interstitial edema and multiple cysts, frequently surrounded by a line of luteinized cells. Such cysts are suspected to consist of highly degenerative ovarian follicles, in addition to an edematous corpus albicans and cystic change in the edematous stroma. Focal edematous change and occasional indefinite cystic structures, as seen in the left polycystic ovary of our patient, indicate an early stage of MOE. The pathogenesis of MOE in the present case was therefore suspected to be based on the underlying state of bilateral polycystic ovary. The luteinized cells would have been derived from granulosa cells and from the internal theca cells of the follicles in addition to stromal cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 73–78, 1990.
Changes in Clinico‐pathological Features of Hodgkin's Disease and Follicular Lymphoma in Nagoya, Japan, over a 21‐year Period (1965‐85)
Authors: Tajima Kazuo , Suchi Taizan , Oyama Atsushi
Published: December 2008

To study changes in the clinico‐pathological features of malignant lymphomas in Japan, the histopathological and clinical features of 71 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 49 cases of nodal follicular lymphoma occurring in Nagoya were compared in three different periods (1965 71,1972 78 and 1979‐85). The proportional frequency of Hodgkin's disease among total lymphomas (10%) and that of follicular lymphoma among non Hodgkin's nodal lymphomas (18%) did not vary over the study period. As to the histological patterns of Hodgkin's disease, the relative frequency of the nodular sclerosis (NS) type, which is relatively common in young women, increased, but that of other types decreased in the more recent periods. For follicular lymphoma, the relative frequency of the completely follicular type, which is more common in the United States than in Japan, increased. The five‐year survival rate in patients with follicular lymphoma improved more recently even after adjusting for the effects of other prognostic factors. This recent increase in survival rates may be due partly to the recent improvement in cancer treatment, but is also related to the recent increase in patients with better prognostic features, i.e. the NS type of Hodgkin's disease. These variations over time suggest that the patterns of malignant lymphomas in Japan might be gradually changing, probably because of westernization, as seen in cancers of other organs. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 713 721, 1990.
Immunoglobulin Deposits in Diabetic Microangiopathy Observations in Autopsy Materials
Authors: Zhao Jing‐Bo , Mikata Atsuo , Azuma Kazuhiko
Published: December 2008

Non‐enzymatic glycosylation of vascular wall collagen is considered to be most important in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy, and glycosylated collagens are reported to bind immunoglobulins in vivo. We investigated the occurrence of IgG or IgM deposits in the micro vasculature of certain organs of diabetics using routine autopsy materials. Glomerular capillary basement mem‐brane/endothelium was often positive for IgM in diabetics. Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries were positive for HLA‐DR in 6 of 16 diabetics and in 2 of 11 controls. This was associated with IgM or IgG deposits in 5 cases. In the esophagus and/or tongue of diabetics, IgG was frequently deposited in the microvasculature. In total, IgG deposits were found in 13 of 16 diabetics, either in the esophagus or the tongue, but in only 3 of 16 controls. The difference was significant at p<0.005. These observations suggest that deposition of immunoglobulins is a component of diabetic microangiopathy. Differences in expression of HLA‐DR in glomeruli betweeen diabetics and non diabetics remain to be explored. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 729‐734, 1990.
Necrotizing B‐cell Lymphoma
Authors: Fujita Miri , Fujimoto Nozomu , Fujioka Yasunori , Nagashima Kazuo
Published: December 2008

We describe a case of massively necrotizing B‐cell lymphoma, involving both axillary and cervical lymph nodes. Histologically, no vascular lesions were noted, and the necrosis was manifested by death of the tumor cells themselves. These cells were surrounded by macrophages, simulating the features of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Immunostaining was a useful method of defining the origin not only of viable cells, but also of necrotic cells in the lymphoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 770 774, 1990.
Ameloblastoma with Prominent Stromal Ossification
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kuroda Masafumi , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: December 2008

A large ameloblastoma with prominent stromal ossification is reported. The patient was a 39 year old Japanese male with diffuse swelling of the mandible from the left molar to the right premolar region. Radiographic examination showed a radiopaque lesion suggestive of a fibro osseous lesion. However, histologic examination revealed the lesion to be a variant of follicular ameloblastoma. Most of the tumor cells appeared to be squamous metaplasia. The stroma was abundant, with prominent formation of bone trabeculae rimmed by osteoblasts. Differentiation of mesenchymal cells into active osteoblasts with formation of new bone trabeculae was frequently found in the stroma. The prominent stromal bone formation appeared to be reactive in nature, although it remains uncertain whether this type of ameloblastoma can be regarded as a discrete clinicopathologic entity. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 780 784, 1990.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Nonspecific Cross‐reacting Antigen in Normal and Neoplastic Human Tissues Using a Monoclonal Antibody: Cornparison with Carcinoembryonic Antigen Localization
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Onoda Noboru , Misawa Mitsuko , Kuroki Masahide , Matsuoka Yuji
Published: December 2008

Nonspecific cross‐reacting antigen (NCA) immunoreactivity was localized in normal and neoplastic human tissues using a monoclonal antibody to 55, 90 and 95 kDa molecules of NCA. This was compared to the localization of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as demonstrated by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In frozen sections, CEA was localized in normal surface epithelium of the stomach and colon where NCA was only weakly detected. Type 1 and type 2 like pneumocytes were positive for NCA, while CEA was localized only in type 2‐like pneumocytes. CEA and NCA were both demonstrated in ductal cells of frozen pancreatobiliary and mammary tissues. The antigenicity of CEA and NCA in normal tissues was significantly lost after paraffin embedding as compared to frozen sections. NCA was consistently demonstrated in eccrine sweat glands embedded in paraffin. In various tumor tissues, CEA and NCA were colocalized and expression increased sufficiently to be detected in paraffin sections. Adenocarcinomas of the stomach and colon and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas, as well as neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and thyroid, showed a CEA predominance over NCA. In ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and breast and in cholangiocarcinoma, NCA reactivity was greater than CEA. Keratiniring foci of most squamous cell carcinomas of mucosal origin and some adenocarcinomas equally expressed both. Hepatocellular carcinoma, lobular mammary carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma were positive only with unabsorbed polyclonal antibody which widely recognizes CEA‐related substances. Renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinomas, choriocarcinoma and basal cell carcinomas showed little or no immunoreactivity. Hence the relative ratio of CEA/NCA expression in tumors was dependent on the tissue of origin and histologic type. The cytoplasmic granular staining of NCA in cancer cells was a noteworthy difference from the plasma membrane‐associated localization of CEA. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 85–97, 1990.
An Occupational Hazard for Pathologists and Pathology Technicians in Japan
Authors: Sugita Minoru , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Suchi Masashi , Kasuga Hitoshi , Ishiko Toshitaka
Published: December 2008

The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among pathology workers in Japan is elevated, presumably due to frequent exposure to tubercle bacilli in the work place. To demonstrate the etiological significance of the association between this disease and occupation epidemiologically, a questionnaire survey was performed to assess the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among 1,201 pathologists and 1,187 pathology technicians throughout Japan. Pathology department workers other than pathologists and technicians, such as secretaries (n = 207), and workers in university departments of preventive medicine and public health (n = 732) served as control groups. While non‐occupation‐related tuberculosis was found in both departmental groups with nearly equal incidence, the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among pathologists and pathology technicians after engagement in their current specialist work was significantly higher than that in the control groups (odds ratio = 6.08–10.98). The incidence of disease among pathology technicians who assisted in autopsies was markedly higher than among those not involved in autopsies (odds ratio = 6.65). This elevated incidence was significantly related to the duration of work in pathology activities, and showed little change over the last decade. These findings indicate that specific environmental conditions in pathology departments, particularly autopsy of cadavers harboring active tuberculosis, constitute a serious occupational hazard. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 116–127, 1990.
True Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Yamashita Tomoyuki , Kameda Noriaki , Katayama Kenji , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Nakada Masahiro , Takeda Yasushi
Published: December 2008

A case of true malignant mixed tumor of the submandibular gland is reported. The submandibular tumor, occurring in a 52‐year‐old man, started to grow rapidly after a long history without any change in size. Surgical resection was carried out and the resected tumor measured 5.5 cm with a cut surface showing mixed solid structures. Microscopically, the tumor had both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, the former consisting of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with squamous cell differentiation and the latter consisting of osteosarcoma with chondrosarcomatous and fibrosarcomatous elements. A remnant of benign pleomorphic adenoma could also be identified. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated keratin and epithelial membrane antigen in the carcinoma cells and vimentin in all elements of the osteosarcoma. It is assumed from these clinical and histological findings that the tumor had transformed from a pre‐existing benign pleomorphic adenoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 137–142, 1990.
Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland in a 10‐Month‐old Child
Authors: Ito Masafumi , Nakagawa Atsuko , Nakayama Atsuo , Uno Yutaka , Takahashi Izumi , Asai Junpei
Published: December 2008

Malignant salivary gland tumors in children are very rare. This report describes the autopsy of a child with parotid gland cancer. The patient, a 10 month old girl, was admitted to the Nagoya First Red Cross Hospital with facial nerve palsy. lncisional biopsy of a post‐auricular tumor was performed, and undifferentiated carcinoma was diagnosed. The patient died 6 months later of respiratory failure due to pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis. Light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations of the tumor tissue were performed. The tumor cells were arranged in a medullary, sheet‐like manner. Keratinization or mucus lakes were not observed. PAS‐alcian blue staining demonstrated intracytoplasmic mucus as granules, and also small intercellular droplets of mucus that might otherwise have been unnoticed. Ultrastructurally, some of the tumor cells had tonofilament‐like keratin filaments, and also small hollow spaces bounded by microvilli and containing secretory particles. These were stained by antisera against CEA and keratin. These findings are suggestive of differentiation to mucoepider‐moid carcinoma. We also review and discuss malignant salivary tumors of epithelial origin in children. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 149–152, 1990.
Reactive Proliferative Lesions in Lymph Nodes from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kojima Masaru , Hosomura Yasuo , Itoh Hideaki , Johshita Takashi , Yoshida Katsue , Nakamura Shigeo , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

In 22 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including 4 cases of malignant RA (MRA), reactive proliferative lymph node lesions were studied clinicopathologically and immunohis‐tochemically. This series included 5 males and 17 females. The period between disease onset and lymph node biopsy ranged from 3 months to 41 years. Generalized lymphadenopathy was noted in 13 cases and constitutional symptoms in 8. The histological findings characteristic of RA were 1) follicular hyperplasia with active germinal centers and 2) polyclonal plasma cell infiltration in the interfollicular area. Studies of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin showed that γ‐heavy chain‐expressing plasma cells were a major component in the interfollicular area in 17 RA cases. However, in 4 MRA cases, a prominent increase of μ chain‐expressing plasma cells was recognized in the same area. In the 3 cases for which fresh tissue sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against lymphocytes, we found that the majority of T cells in the interfollicular area had helper/inducer markers. The identical locations of the T cell population and plasma cells indicated that both played a role in the proliferation and/or differentiation of B cells in lymph nodes in RA.