bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BANTU DIRI PADA ANAK GANGGUAN PERKEMBANGAN INTELEKTUAL DI DESA KEDUNG PUTRI
Authors: Dani Robik Anwar , Aryono Marcella Mariska , Leylasari Herdina Tyas
Published: April 2022

Keterampilan bina diri memanglah tampak sederhana, kegiatan yang biasa dilakukan ini ialah komponen dasar yang penting dan wajib dimiliki oleh tiap orang supaya mandiri. Tetapi, tidak tiap orang bisa terampil dalam melaksanakan kegiatan bina diri tersebut. Salah satunya ialah kanak-kanak yang hadapi intellectual developmental disorder. Pada anak dengan kendala pertumbuhan intelektual, keahlian bantu diri tidaklah perihal yang bisa dengan segera mereka kuasai. Pada anak dengan gangguan perkembangan intelektual yang sudah beranjak remaja kemampuan bantu diri menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Salah satu kemampuan bantu diri yang hendaknya harus segera dikuasai anak yang beranjak remaja adalah kemampuan dalam memakai BH. Hal itu dikarenakan pada usianya yang sudah beranjak remaja anak masih memerlukan bantuan untuk memakai BH. Padahal anak sudah mengalami pertumbuhan alat kelamin sekunder. Dengan demikian solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mitra adalah memberikan modifikasi perilaku teknik chaining untuk dapat meningkatkan kemampuan anak memakai BH serta memberikan psikoedukasi keluarga sehingga wawasan orang tua akan ‘keistimewaan’ anaknya meningkat serta pembuatan modul intervensi “Backward Chaining untuk Melatih Memakai BH Anak Gangguan Perkembangan Intelektual. Secara teknis kegiatan ABDIMAS ini akan dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahapan, yakni: persiapan, pelaksanaan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Dengan terselenggarakannya kegiatan ABDIMAS ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan bantu diri anak dengan gangguan perkembangan intelektual sehingga tidak terlalu bergantung pada orang lain. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ABDIMAS ini adalah meningkatnya kemampuan bantu diri anak KK dalam memakai BH secara mandiri.
PKM LITERASI PASAR MODAL BAGI MAHASISWA DI SURABAYA
Authors: Dwidjosumarno Bambang Hadi Santoso , Atmajawati Yayah , Agustin Sasi
Published: April 2022

Pasar modal dipakai sebagai alternatif bagi pemodal melakukan investasi selain melalui perbankan. Hal ini diharapkan mampu mengubah pola pikir masyarakat yaitu bahwa melakukan investasi tidak semata-mata melalui lembaga perbankan dengan cara membuka deposito dan/atau menabung. PKM (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) merupakan kegiatan dengan tujuan memberikan pengetahuan serta pemahaman awal pasar modal ke masyarakat semenjak usia muda, memberikan pengetahuan dan pem-bekalan dasar pasar modal ke masyarakat sejak muda serta memberikan pengetahuan praktis tentang investasi dan produk-produk investasi pasar modal kepada publik sejak usia muda, sehingga akan terjadi perubahan pola pikir dalam melakukan investasi yang selanjutnya dapat menambah jumlah pemodal pasar modal Indonesia, khususnya di Surabaya, dan di akhirnya mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Exploring the contributing factors to multiple chemical sensitivity in patients with migraine
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Okamura Madoka , Haruyama Yasuo , Suzuki Shiho , Shiina Tomohiko , Kobashi Gen , Hirata Koichi
Published: April 2022

Objective

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a form of chemical intolerance in which various systemic symptoms are triggered by exposure to a variety of chemical substances. Although migraine has been associated with central sensitivity syndrome, the relationship between MCS and migraine has not been studied. We assessed the frequency of MCS and its related factors in patients with migraine.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study that included 95 patients (14 M/81 F; age, 45.4 ± 12.4 years) out of 100 consecutive patients with migraine from our outpatient headache clinic. MCS was defined as having a combination of Q1 ≥ 30, Q3 ≥ 13, and Q5 ≥ 17 on the quick environment exposure sensitivity inventory (QEESI; Japanese version). Central sensitization inventory-A scores >40 were considered an indication of central sensitization. Headache-related disability and psychological distress were evaluated with the Migraine Disability Assessment score (MIDAS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), respectively.

Results

MCS was identified in 20% of patients with migraine; however, none had previously been diagnosed with MCS. The MCS-positive group had higher rates of photophobia, osmophobia, visual aura, sensory aura, and central sensitization and higher MIDAS and K6 scores than the MCS-negative group. A logistic regression analysis showed that osmophobia, sensory aura, and central sensitization were significant contributors to MCS.

Conclusion

We showed that MCS was observed in 20% of patients with migraine, and our study results may indicate a possible association of MCS with central sensitization and hypersensitivity-related symptoms in patients with migraine.
miR‐126 downregulates CXCL12 expression in intestinal epithelial cells to suppress the recruitment and function of macrophages and tumorigenesis in a murine model of colitis‐associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Shuai , Yuan Wei , Luo Weiwei , Nie Kai , Wu Xing , Meng Xiangrui , Shen Zhaohua , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: April 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease, characterised by chronic relapsing‐remitting colitis, is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we showed that miR‐126 functions as a tumour suppressor in CRC and is inversely correlated with tumour proliferation, metastasis and patient prognosis. In the current study, we documented a protective role for miR‐126 in colitis‐associated CRC (CAC) and its underlying mechanism. We detected downregulated miR‐126 expression during colorectal tumorigenesis in the mouse CAC model and in specimens from patients with CRC. The deficiency of miR‐126 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) exacerbated tumorigenesis in mice. We identified CXCL12 as a direct target of miR‐126 in inhibiting the development of colitis and CAC. Moreover, miR‐126 regulated the recruitment of macrophages via CXCL12 and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐12 and IL‐23). In addition, IL‐6 secreted by macrophages, which were regulated by cocultured transfected CRC cells, altered the proliferation and migration of colon cells. Our data suggest that miR‐126 exerts an antitumour effect on CAC by regulating the crosstalk between IECs and macrophages via CXCL12‐IL‐6 signalling. Our study contributes to the understanding of cancer progression and suggests miR‐126 as a potential therapy for CRC.
The auto segmentation for cardiac structures using a dual‐input deep learning network based on vision saliency and transformer
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Shuyu , Liang Wei , Zhang Nan , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Accurate segmentation of cardiac structures on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) images is crucial for the morphological analysis, measurement, and functional evaluation. In this study, we achieve accurate automatic segmentation of cardiac structures on CCTA image by adopting an innovative deep learning method based on visual attention mechanism and transformer network, and its practical application value is discussed.

Methods

We developed a dual‐input deep learning network based on visual saliency and transformer (VST), which consists of self‐attention mechanism for cardiac structures segmentation. Sixty patients’ CCTA subjects were randomly selected as a development set, which were manual marked by an experienced technician. The proposed vision attention and transformer mode was trained on the patients CCTA images, with a manual contour‐derived binary mask used as the learning‐based target. We also used the deep supervision strategy by adding auxiliary losses. The loss function of our model was the sum of the Dice loss and cross‐entropy loss. To quantitatively evaluate the segmentation results, we calculated the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD). Meanwhile, we compare the volume of automatic segmentation and manual segmentation to analyze whether there is statistical difference.

Results

Fivefold cross‐validation was used to benchmark the segmentation method. The results showed the left ventricular myocardium (LVM, DSC = 0.87), the left ventricular (LV, DSC = 0.94), the left atrial (LA, DSC = 0.90), the right ventricular (RV, DSC = 0.92), the right atrial (RA, DSC = 0.91), and the aortic (AO, DSC = 0.96). The average DSC was 0.92, and HD was 7.2 ± 2.1 mm. In volume comparison, except LVM and LA (p < 0.05), there was no significant statistical difference in other structures. Proposed method for structural segmentation fit well with the true profile of the cardiac substructure, and the model prediction results closed to the manual annotation.

Conclusions

The adoption of the dual‐input and transformer architecture based on visual saliency has high sensitivity and specificity to cardiac structures segmentation, which can obviously improve the accuracy of automatic substructure segmentation.
Chemodivergent Spirocyclization of 2‐Sec‐Aminobenzilidene Imidazolones: Lewis Versus Brønsted Acids Catalysis
Authors: Ivanov Dmitrii S. , Zaitseva Elvira R. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Rustamova Dina A. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Sycheva Maria A. , Gluschenko Darya A. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: April 2022

Benzylidene imidazolones with ortho‐ secondary aminogroup undergo acid‐promoted chemodivergent spirocyclization. Strong Lewis acids provide access to spirocyclic tetrahydroquinolines via [1,5]‐hydride shift triggered cyclization despite of the presence of free secondary amino group. Brønsted acids promote unprecedented intramolecular umpolung hydroamination reaction with the formation of spirocyclic indolines. Each of the processes proceeds with exclusive atom‐economy.

magnified image
A Highly Durable Rubber‐Derived Lithium‐Conducting Elastomer for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shi Yongzheng , Yang Na , Niu Jin , Yang Shubin , Wang Feng
Published: April 2022

Elastomers offer attractive advantages over classical solid‐state electrolytes in terms of ensuring stable interfacial contact and maintaining fatigue durability, but the low ionic conductivity obstructs their practical applications in long‐life lithium metal batteries. In this work, rubber‐derived lithium‐conducting elastomer has been developed via sulfur vulcanization of nitrile butadiene rubber with a polymerizable ionic liquid to provide both high resilience and dramatically improved ionic conductivity. Owing to the chemically crosslinked network between rubber chains and ionic liquid fragments generated during vulcanization, the elastic lithium‐conductor achieves high resilience of 0.92 MJ m−3, superior cyclic durability of 1000 cycles at 50% strain, and high room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 2.7 × 10−4 S cm−1. Consequently, the corresponding solid‐state lithium/LiFePO4 battery exhibits a high capacity of ≈146 mAh g−1 with a high capacity retention of 94.3% for up to 300 cycles.
Efficient nickel‐based catalysts for amine regeneration of CO2 capture: From experimental to calculations verifications
Authors: Sun Qiang , Gao Hongxia , Mao Yu , Sema Teerawat , Liu Sen , Liang Zhiwu
Published: April 2022

High heat duty is an urgent challenge for industrial applications of amine‐based CO2 capture. The temperature (>110°C) of carbamate breakdown in amine regeneration requires large energy consumption. In this work, we report a novel, stable, efficient, and inexpensive Ni‐HZSM‐5 catalyst to improve the CO2 desorption rate and reduce the heat duty. The impregnation method was applied for varying nickel content in the catalysts from 2.16 to 9.80 wt% in HZSM‐5. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry, ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic performance was evaluated by CO2 desorption of rich amine solvent at 90°C. It was found that the introduction of nickel increased the acid sites of catalysts compared with parent HZSM‐5. This phenomenon plays a key role on improving the CO2 desorption rate. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations successfully explain the catalytic performance. The catalytic activity associates with the combined properties of MSA × B/L × Ni2+. The 7.85‐Ni‐HZ catalyst presents an excellent catalytic activity for the CO2 desorption: it increases the amount of desorbed CO2 up to 36%, reduces the relative heat duty by 27.07% with the same reaction time, and possesses high stability during five cyclic tests. A possible catalytic mechanism for the Ni‐HZSM‐5 catalysts through assisting carbamate breakdown and promoting CO2 desorption is proposed based on experimental results and theoretical calculations. Therefore, the results present that the 7.85‐Ni‐HZ catalyst significantly accelerates the protons transfer in CO2 desorption and can potentially apply in industrial CO2 capture.
CRS‐PRO and SNOT‐22 correlations with type 2 inflammatory mediators in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Racette Samuel D. , Schneider Alexander L. , Ganesh Meera , Huang Julia H. , Lehmann David S. , Price Caroline P.E. , Rodegherio Samuel G. , Reddy Abhita T. , Eide Jacob G. , Conley David B. , Welch Kevin C. , Kern Robert C. , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Kato Atsushi , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K.
Published: April 2022

The 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and 12‐item Patient Reported Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS‐PRO) instrument are validated patient‐reported outcomes measures in CRS. In this study we assess the correlation of these with type 2 (T2) biomarkers before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

Middle meatal mucus data were collected and the SNOT‐22 and CRS‐PRO were administered to 123 patients (71 CRS without nasal polyps [CRSsNP], 52 CRS with nasal polyps [CRSwNP]) with CRS before and 6 to 12 months after undergoing ESS. Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were measured using a multiplexed bead assay and enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Pre‐ and post‐ESS SNOT‐22 and CRS‐PRO were compared with T2 biomarkers.

Results

Before ESS neither PROM correlated with any biomarker. After ESS, CRS‐PRO showed a correlation with 2 mediators (IL‐5 and IL‐13: p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively) compared with none for the SNOT‐22. For CRSwNP patients, pre‐ESS CRS‐PRO and SNOT‐22 correlated with IL‐4 (p = 0.04 for both). However, after ESS, CRS‐PRO correlated with 3 biomarkers (IL‐5, IL‐13, and ECP: p = 0.02, 0.024, and 0.04, respectively) and SNOT‐22 with 2 biomarkers (IL‐5 and IL‐13: p = 0.038 and 0.02, respectively). There were no significant relationships between any of the T2 biomarkers pre‐ or post‐ESS among patients with CRSsNP. Exploratory analyses of the subdomains showed the SNOT‐22 rhinologic and CRS‐PRO rhinopsychologic subdomains correlated better with the T2 biomarkers. On individual item analysis, IL‐13 correlated significantly post‐ESS with 8 of 12 items on the CRS‐PRO vs 6 of 22 items on the SNOT‐22.

Conclusion

The CRS‐PRO total score showed a significant correlation with T2 biomarkers especially when assessed post‐ESS and among CRSwNP patients.
Erweiterung des Spektrums metastabiler Spezies in der durch H‐Bindungen gesteuerten supramolekularen Polymerisation
Authors: Matern Jonas , Fernández Zulema , Bäumer Nils , Fernández Gustavo
Published: April 2022

Einzigartige Wasserstoffbrückenbindungs‐ (H‐Bindungs‐) Muster werden aufgedeckt und ausgenutzt, um die Kinetik, Aggregationspfade und Länge von supramolekularen Polymeren (SPs) zu kontrollieren. Neue Monomere mit Bisamid‐Gruppen wurden entwickelt, um die Rolle konkurrierender intra‐ und intermolekularer H‐Bindungen bei der supramolekularen Polymerisation (SP) aufzuklären. Dabei wurden zwei polymerisationsinaktive, metastabile Zustände entdeckt. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Beispielen entwickelt sich das intramolekular H‐gebundene Monomer nicht durch Ringöffnung zu intermolekular H‐gebundenen SPs, sondern bildet zunächst ein metastabiles Dimer. In diesem Dimer sind alle H‐Bindungsstellen gesättigt, entweder intra‐ oder intermolekular, wodurch die Polymer‐Elongation gehindert wird. Die Dimere weisen jedoch auch eine vorteilhafte Präorganisation auf, die nach Öffnung des intramolekularen Teils des H‐Bindungsmotivs die SP in einem konsekutiven Prozess ermöglicht. Letztlich erlaubt die Verzögerung der spontanen Selbstorganisation durch die zwei metastabilen Zustände die Längenkontrolle der SPs durch Keim‐vermitteltes Wachstum.
Preparation of thermoplastic starch with comprehensive performance plasticized by citric acid
Authors: Li Jiqian , He Hezhi , Zhang He , Xu Mohong , Gu Qun , Zhu Zhiwen
Published: April 2022

To prepared thermoplastic starch (TPS) with good thermal plasticization processibility and resistance to retrogradation is important in this field. Herein, TPS plasticized with different plasticizers were successfully produced using a twin‐screw‐extruder. Effects of glycerol, xylitol, and citric acid on the retrogradation properties of TPS were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It showed that citric acid can improve the thermal plasticization processibility of TPS through three mechanisms, that is, chemical reaction between citric acid and starch, chain fragmentation of starch molecule due to the acidolysis of citric acid, and decrease of interaction between starch molecular chains. Since citric acid can be chemically fixed in the starch, excellent retrogradation resistance was achieved. After the accelerated retrogradation at 60°C/80RH for 48 h, the retrogradation and crystallinity of CA4TPS are 0.8% and 4.26%, respectively, which were lower than TPS without citric acid. In this work, a series of TPS samples with citric acid content from 0 to 8 wt% were prepared, and the DSC and XRD results showed that the TPS with 4 wt% citric acid yielded the least amount of retrogradation. The results of this investigation lay a solid foundation for the preparation and application of TPS with excellent performance.
Applications of nanopipettes in electrochemical analysis
Authors: Lv Jian , Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Zhang Shi‐Yi , Zhou Xin‐Yue , Li Da‐Wei , Qian Ruo‐Can
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, the application of glass nanopipettes in electrochemical analysis has attracted a lot of attention with the increasing demand for sensitive analysis and diagnostic tools for cellular biomolecules. The ultrasmall nanopipettes are becoming a bridge between the macro‐ and nanoworlds as they can transport very small volumes of liquids and materials as well as acting as electrochemical biosensors. In this minireview, we discuss the fabrication and characterization of nanopipettes and introduce our recent studies using nanopipettes for cell electroanalysis. The future application of nanopipettes has also been discussed.
Strategies to Control the Cis‐Trans Isomerization of Peptoid Amide Bonds
Authors: Kalita Debajit , Sahariah Biswajit , Pravo Mookerjee Surya , Kanta Sarma Bani
Published: April 2022

Peptoids are oligomers of N‐substituted glycine units. They structurally resemble peptides but, unlike natural peptides, the side chains of peptoids are present on the amide nitrogen atoms instead of the α‐carbons. The N‐substitution improves cell‐permeability of peptoids and enhance their proteolytic stability over natural peptides. Therefore, peptoids are ideal peptidomimetic candidates for drug discovery, especially for intracellular targets. Unfortunately, most peptoid ligands discovered so far possess moderate affinity towards their biological targets. The moderate affinity of peptoids for biomacromolecules is linked to their conformational flexibility, which causes substantial entropic loss during the peptoid‐biomacromolecule binding process. The conformational flexibility of peptoids is caused by the lack of backbone chirality, absence of hydrogen bond donors (NH) in their backbone to form CO⋅⋅⋅HN hydrogen bonds and the facile cis‐trans isomerization of their tertiary amide bonds. In recent years, many investigators have shown that the incorporation of specific side chains with unique steric and stereoelectronic features can favourably shift the cis‐trans equilibria of peptoids towards one of the two isomeric forms. Such strategies are helpful to design homogenous peptoid oligomers having well defined secondary structures. Herein, we discuss the strategies developed over the years to control the cis‐trans isomerization of peptoid amide bonds.
Multiplexed Covalent Patterns on Double‐Reactive Porous Coating
Authors: Das Supriya , Kumar Ravi , Yang Bingquan , Bag Sudipta , Sauter Eric , Hussain Navid , Hirtz Michael , Manna Uttam
Published: April 2022

We have conceptualized and demonstrated an approach based on the combination of hydrophobicity, a substrate‐independent dip coating as porous material with double residual chemical reactivities for implementing multiplexed, miniaturized and unclonable bulk‐infused patterns of different fluorophores following distinct reaction pathways. The embedded hydrophobicity (∼102°) restricted the unwanted spreading of beaded aqueous ink on the coating. The constructions of micropatterns on porous dip‐coating via ink‐jet printing or microchannel cantilever spotting offered orthogonal read‐out and remained readable even after removal of the exterior of the coating.
Investigation of the Effect of Temperature on Lithium‐Sulfur Cell Cycle Life Performance Using System Identification and X‐Ray Tomography
Authors: Shateri Neda , Auger Daniel J. , Fotouhi Abbas , Brighton James , Du Wenjia , Owen Rhodri E. , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R.
Published: April 2022

In this study, cycle life performance of a prototype lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) pouch cell is investigated using system identification and X‐ray tomography methods. Li−S cells are subjected to characterization and ageing tests while kept inside a controlled‐temperature chamber. After completing the experimental tests, two analytical approaches are used: i) The parameter variations of an equivalent‐circuit model due to ageing are determined using a system identification technique. ii) Physical changes of the aged Li−S cells are analyzed using X‐ray tomography. The results demonstrate that Li−S cell's degradation is significantly affected by temperature. Comparing to 10 °C, Li−S cell capacity fade happens 1.4 times faster at 20 °C whereas this number increases to 3.3 at 30 °C. In addition, X‐ray results show a significant swelling when temperature rises from 10 to 20 °C, correspondingly the gas volume increases from 13 to 62 mm3.
Attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs) through supply chain practices and business strategies: A systematic review with bibliometric and network analyses
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Majumdar Abhijit , Majumdar Kirty , Raut Rakesh D. , Narkhede Balkrishna E.
Published: April 2022

Sustainable development goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, are gaining importance in all the industrial sectors. The attainment of SDGs will lead to simultaneous betterment of human lives, environment and economic prosperity. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of SDGs in the supply chain (SC) activities is the need of the hour. In this regard, there is a need to analyse the extant SC literature focussing on SDGs. This study reviews the articles on SDGs in SC published in last 6 years (2015–2021). A total of 144 articles are shortlisted for the analysis. Bibliometric and network analyses are performed to create an intellectual map of the field and to visualise the network among authors and keywords, respectively. Various emerging research themes are identified using bibliometric coupling analysis. The content analysis of the articles has been performed by considering different activities and stages of SC. Articles are also mapped on various dimensions of SDGs. The strategies associated with adopting sustainable practices in SC to achieve SDGs have also been elucidated. Finally, future research propositions have been presented which can help in achieving SDGs in the SC.
A novel NCI‐H69V small cell lung cancer functional mini‐tumor model for future treatment screening applications
Authors: van der Merwe Liezaan , Svitina Hanna , Willers Clarissa , Wrzesinski Krzysztof , Gouws Chrisna
Published: April 2022

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is aggressive and despite multiple clinical trials, its standard of care is unchanged for the past three decades. In vitro cancer models are crucial in chemotherapy development, and three‐dimensional (3D) models aim to bridge the gap between two‐dimensional (2D) flat cultures and in vivo testing. Functional 3D spheroids can better represent the in vivo situation and tumor characteristics than 2D models. An NCI‐H69V SCLC mini‐tumor model was developed in a clinostat‐based rotating bioreactor system. Spheroid growth and viability were characterized for 30 days, and the ideal experimental window with mature and metabolically stable spheroids was determined. Application of the model for anticancer treatment screening was validated with the standard chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan, for an exposure period of 72 h. The following parameters were measured: soluble protein content, planar surface area measurements, intracellular adenosine triphosphate and extracellular adenylate kinase levels, and glucose consumption. Histological morphology of the spheroids was observed. The established model proved viable and stable, while treatment with irinotecan caused a decrease in cell growth, viability, and glucose consumption demonstrating reactivity of the model to chemotherapy. Therefore, this NCI‐H69V SCLC functional spheroid model could be used for future anticancer compound screening.
Synthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide from Xylose via Coupling Engineered Escherichia coli and a Biocatalytic Cascade
Authors: Ngivprom Utumporn , Lasin Praphapan , Khunnonkwao Panwana , Worakaensai Suphanida , Jantama Kaemwich , Kamkaew Anyanee , Lai Rung‐Yi
Published: April 2022

β‐Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has recently gained attention for a nutritional supplement because it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In this study, we developed NMN synthesis by coupling two modules. The first module is to culture E. coli MG1655 ▵tktA ▵tktB ▵ptsG to metabolize xylose to generate D‐ribose in the medium. The supernatant containing D‐ribose was applied in the second module which is composed of EcRbsK‐EcPRPS‐CpNAMPT reaction to synthesize NMN, that requires additional enzymes of CHU0107 and EcPPase to remove feedback inhibitors ADP and pyrophosphate. The second module can be rapidly optimized by comparing NMN production determined by the cyanide assay. Finally, 10 mL optimal biocascade reaction generated NMN with a good yield of 84 % from 1 mM D‐ribose supplied from the supernatant of E. coli MG1655 ▵tktA ▵tktB ▵ptsG. Our results can further guide researchers to metabolically engineer E. coli for NMN synthesis.
Omicron: Understanding the Latest Variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Strategies for Tackling the Infection
Authors: Obireddy Sreekanth Reddy , Guntakanti Ujwala , Kowthalam Anitha , Marata Chinna Subbarao Subha , Lai Wing‐Fu
Published: April 2022

The new variant of concern of SARS‐CoV‐2, namely Omicron, has triggered global fear recently. To date, our knowledge of Omicron, particularly of how S glycoprotein mutations affect the infectivity of the virus and the severity of the infection, is far from complete. This hinders our ability to treat the disease and to predict the future state of SARS‐CoV‐2 threats to well‐being and economic stability. Despite this, efforts have been made to unveil the routes of transmission and the efficiency of existing vaccines in tackling Omicron. This article reviews the latest understanding of Omicron and the current status of the use of vaccines and drugs for infection control. It is hoped that this article can offer insights into the development of more effective measures to tackle the pandemic.
Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair of the tricuspid valve: The US experience
Authors: Sedhom Ramy , Megaly Michael , Saad Marwan , Elbadawi Ayman , Witzke Christian F. , Garcia Santiago , Latib Azeem , Gafoor Sameer A.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To examine the trends in utilization and outcomes of tricuspid valve (TV) transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER).

Background

Surgery for isolated tricuspid regurgitation is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is rarely performed. TV TEER is an attractive alternative.

Methods

The Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, procedure code for TV TEER for years 2016–2019. The main outcomes were trends in utilization and in‐hospital all‐cause mortality.

Results

We identified 918 hospitalizations for TV TEER. There was an uptrend in its utilization from 13 cases in the first quarter of 2016 to 122 cases in the last quarter of 2019 (p trend < 0.001). Concomitant mitral valve (MV) TEER was performed in 42.1% of admissions. The overall in‐hospital mortality was 2.1%. Surgical TV replacement was needed in 1.1% of admissions; none of them died during the index hospitalization. Unplanned rehospitalizations were common at 30 days (15.7%); 38.2% of those were due to heart failure. There was no difference in in‐hospital mortality between isolated TV TEER and combined MV and TV TEER (1.7% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.359). However, admissions receiving combined procedure had lower length of stay and urgent readmission rate.

Conclusion

The current study showed that there was an increase in the utilization of TV TEER over 2016–2019 in the United States. TV TEER was associated with low rates of in‐hospital mortality; however, the rate of urgent readmission remains high, mainly due to heart failure.
Progress in Organocatalytic Dearomatization Reactions Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Zhen Guangjin , Jiang Kai , Yin Biaolin
Published: April 2022

Dearomative reactions allow for concise assembly of structurally complex, highly functionalized three‐dimensional molecules by breaking the plane of two‐dimensional aromatic starting materials. With the growing interest in N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis as a powerful strategy for synthesizing diversiform molecules, mainly by polarity‐reversal (umpolung) approaches, NHC‐catalyzed dearomatization reactions have recently been successfully used for the construction of the skeletons of natural products and drugs. By generating various key intermediates (i. e., Breslow intermediates, acyl azolium intermediates, homoenolate intermediates, enolate intermediates, and azolium dienolate intermediates), NHCs can readily destroy aromaticity by electrophilic or nucleophilic interactions with aromatic compounds. In this overview, progress in NHC‐catalyzed dearomative reactions is summarized; the reactions are grouped according to reaction modes and categories of intermediates, and representative mechanisms are provided. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for work in the emerging field of organocatalytic dearomatization.
Iridium‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Framework Nanocrystals Interconnected by Carbon Nanotubes Competent for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Chang Tzu‐En , Chuang Cheng‐Hsun , Chen Yu‐Hsiu , Wang Yi‐Ching , Gu Yu‐Juan , Kung Chung‐Wei
Published: April 2022

Nanocrystals of a zirconium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66, are grown on the surface of the carboxylic acid‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) at room temperature to synthesize the UiO‐66‐CNT nanocomposites with tunable MOF‐to‐CNT ratios. The porosity, crystallinity, morphology, and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite are characterized. Spatially dispersed iridium sites are thereafter installed on the defect sites presented within the entire UiO‐66 crystals in these nanocomposites by a self‐limiting solution‐phase approach. The resulting Ir‐functionalized UiO‐66, CNT, and UiO‐66‐CNT nanocomposites are served as the electrocatalysts for water oxidation in acidic aqueous solutions. By utilizing the redox‐hopping pathways to transport electrons within the Ir‐functionalized MOF crystals as well as the electronic conduction between MOF crystals provided by CNT, the nanocomposite with the optimal MOF‐to‐CNT ratio can outperform both the Ir‐functionalized UiO‐66 and CNT. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is utilized to probe the reaction kinetics occurring on the decorated iridium sites and the transporting behaviors of electrons/ions within these catalytic thin films. For the first time, the electrocatalytic kinetics and the transporting limitations within the MOF‐based thin film can be decoupled with the help of EIS technique. Post‐electrocatalysis characterizations of the nanocomposite after water oxidation are also performed.
Non‐oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methanol to Formaldehyde over Bulk β‐Ga2O3
Authors: Merko Mariia , Busser G. Wilma , Muhler Martin
Published: April 2022

The non‐oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde is considered a dream reaction compared with the classical oxidative route, because the valuable coupled product hydrogen is formed instead of water, and the produced anhydrous formaldehyde is highly suitable for the further synthesis of oxygenated synthetic fuels. This study reports on the high catalytic performance of pure β‐Ga2O3 in this reaction at temperatures between 500 °C and 650 °C. At 550 °C and a GHSV of 45500 h−1, an initial selectivity to formaldehyde of 77 % was obtained at a methanol conversion of 72 %. Performing the reaction at temperatures beyond this range and lower GHSV resulted in a lower formaldehyde selectivity. The catalyst suffered from deactivation caused by formation of carbon deposits, but it was possible to regenerate its initial activity at 500 °C and 550 °C completely by an oxidative treatment. Irreversible deactivation occurred at 650 °C due to partial volatilization of Ga2O3.
Research Progress on Postoperative Minimal/Molecular Residual Disease Detection in Lung Cancer
Authors: Wu Manqi , Shen Haifeng , Wang Ziyang , Kanu Nnennaya , Chen Kezhong
Published: April 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Approximately 10%–50% of patients experience relapse after radical surgery, which may be attributed to the persistence of minimal/molecular residual disease (MRD). Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a common liquid biopsy approach, has been demonstrated to have significant clinical merit. In this study, we review the evidence supporting the use of ctDNA for MRD detection and discuss the potential clinical applications of postoperative MRD detection, including monitoring recurrence, guiding adjuvant treatment, and driving clinical trials in lung cancer. We will also discuss the problems that prevent the routine application of ctDNA MRD detection. Multi‐analyte methods and identification of specific genetic and molecular alterations, especially methylation, are effective detection strategies and show considerable prospects for future development. Interventional prospective studies based on ctDNA detection are needed to determine whether the application of postoperative MRD detection can improve the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients, and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and robustness of different detection methods still require optimization and refinement.
Cyanobacterial metabolites as novel drug candidates in corona viral therapies: A review
Authors: Prabhu Srinivasan , Vijayakumar Subramaniyan , Praseetha Pabakaran
Published: April 2022

Most of the medical and nonmedical research labs, all around the world, are racing against time to produce an effective vaccine or an antiviral medicine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Conventional medicines and novel nano‐materials including chemical and herbal‐based compounds are all into positive trials toward coronaviruses and other pandemic infections. Among them, natural immune boosters have attracted physicians because of their longevity and reliability for fewer side effects. This is a review article with a detailed picture of an unexplored antiviral source with maximum potency in curing viral infections. Cyanobacteriae have been known for centuries and are rich in secondary metabolites of proteins, biopeptides, and polysaccharides for prominent antiviral action against chest infections. But detailed exploratory research is required to purify, scale‐up, and commercialize the pharmacologically active agents from these drug reserves.
On the Fundamental Polymer Chemistry of Inverse Vulcanization for Statistical and Segmented Copolymers from Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Kang Kyung‐Seok , Iyer Krishnan A. , Pyun Jeffrey
Published: April 2022

In this concept review, the fundamental and polymerization chemistry of inverse vulcanization for the preparation of statistical and segmented sulfur copolymers, which have been actively developed and advanced in various applications over the past decade is discussed. This concept review delves into a discussion of step‐growth polymerization constructs to describe the inverse vulcanization process and discuss prepolymer approaches for the synthesis of segmented sulfur polyurethanes. Furthermore, this concept review discusses the advantages of inverse vulcanization in conjunction with dynamic covalent polymerization and post‐polymerization modifications to prepare segmented block copolymers with enhanced thermomechanical and flame retardant properties of these materials.
Superassembled Hierarchical Asymmetric Magnetic Mesoporous Nanorobots Driven by Smart Confined Catalytic Degradation
Authors: Yan Miao , Ma Ding , Qiu Beilei , Liu Tianyi , Xie Lei , Zeng Jie , Liang Kang , Xin Hui , Lian Zhexun , Jiang Lei , Kong Biao
Published: April 2022

Micro/nanoscale robotics has received great attention in many important fields. However, it is still a great challenge to construct nanorobots simultaneously possessing multifunctionality, well‐controlled directionality, and fast and durable motion as well as fully compatible and biodegradable components. Here, a hierarchical, asymmetric, hollow, catalytic, magnetic, and mesoporous nanorobot has been fabricated through a multistep interfacial superassembly strategy. The multilayer composites consist of hollow silica nanoflasks sequentially coated with a highly magnetic responsive Fe3O4 layer, a mesoporous silica layer with homogeneous vertical channels, and a layer of catalytic gold nanoparticles on both the inner and outer surfaces. Furthermore, para‐nitrophenol was used as a model pollutant to trigger self‐motility of the nanoflasks by confined catalytic degradation (CCD). We found that the bottleneck morphology and mesoporous surface both improved the catalytic nanoparticle loading capability and CCD effect, thus enabling efficient self‐motility and a durable movement capacity of ∼100 h. In addition, the catalytic performance was improved by 180 % compared with that of solid spherical nanoparticles.
Mesoionic Dithiolates (MIDts) Derived from 1,3‐Imidazole‐Based Anionic Dicarbenes (ADCs)
Authors: Ebeler Falk , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: April 2022

Mesoionic dithiolates [(MIDtAr)Li(LiBr)2(THF)3] (MIDtAr={SC(NDipp)}2CAr; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; Ar=Ph 3 a, 3‐MeC6H4 (3‐Tol) 3 b, 4‐Me2NC6H4 (DMP) 3 c) and [(MIDtPh)Li(THF)2] (4) are readily accessible (in≥90 % yields) as crystalline solids on treatments of anionic dicarbenes Li(ADCAr) (2 a‐c) (ADCAr={C(NDipp)2}2CAr) with elemental sulfur. 3 a‐c and 4 are monoanionic ditopic ligands with both the sulfur atoms formally negatively charged, while the 1,3‐imidazole unit bears a formal positive charge. Treatment of 4 with (L)GeCl2 (L=1,4‐dioxane) affords the germylene (MIDtPh)GeCl (5) featuring a three‐coordinated Ge atom. 5 reacts with (L)GeCl2 to give the Ge−Ge catenation product (MIDtPh)GeGeCl3 (6). KC8 reduction of 5 yields the homoleptic germylene (MIDtPh)2Ge (7). Compounds 3 a‐c and 4–7 have been characterized by spectroscopic studies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The electronic structures of 4–7 have been analyzed by DFT calculations.
Spatially Resolved Measurements of HNCO Hydrolysis over SCR Catalysts
Authors: Eck Mario , Lott Patrick , Schweigert David , Börnhorst Marion , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: April 2022

In order to understand deposit formation during urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) resulting from isocyanic acid (HNCO) formation, the present study investigates the potential of HNCO hydrolysis by spatially resolved gas phase concentration profiles along a single catalyst channel of commercial Cu‐zeolite and V‐based SCR catalysts. The spatially resolved profiles, obtained in a special hot gas test rig via capillary technique, provide information on reaction rates of HNCO hydrolysis, NH3 adsorption and NO conversion, hereby revealing a better performance of the standard V‐based catalyst regarding the HNCO hydrolysis, which is attributed to the TiO2 support.
Heart Team risk assessment with angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve determining the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel disease: Trial design and rationale for the DECISION QFR randomized trial
Authors: Miyata Kotaro , Asano Taku , Saito Akira , Abe Kohei , Tanigaki Toru , Hoshino Masahiro , Kobayashi Tomoaki , Takaoka Yoshimitsu , Kanie Takayoshi , Yamasaki Manabu , Yoshino Kunihiko , Wakabayashi Naoki , Ouchi Koki , Kodama Hiroyuki , Shiina Yumi , Tamaki Rihito , Nishihata Yosuke , Masuda Keita , Suzuki Takahiro , Nonaka Hideaki , Emori Hiroki , Katagiri Yuki , Miyazaki Yosuke , Sotomi Yohei , Yasunaga Motoki , Kogame Norihiro , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Reiber Johan H. C. , Okamura Takayuki , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Misumi Hiroyasu , Komiyama Nobuyuki , Matsuo Hitoshi , Tanabe Kengo ,   DECISION QFR investigators
Published: April 2022

In patients with multivessel disease (MVD), functional information on lesions improves the prognostic capability of the SYNTAX score. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR®) is an angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) that does not require a pressure wire or pharmacological hyperemia. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of QFR‐based patient information in Heart Teams' discussions to determine the optimal revascularization strategy for patients with MVD. We hypothesized that there is an acceptable agreement between treatment recommendations based on the QFR approach and recommendation based on the FFR approach. The DECISION QFR study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial that will include patients with MVD who require revascularization. Two Heart Teams comprising cardiologists and cardiac surgeons will be randomized to select a revascularization strategy (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft) according to patient information either based on QFR or on FFR. All 260 patients will be assessed by both teams with reference to the anatomical and functional SYNTAX score/SYNTAX score II 2020 derived from the allocated physiological index (QFR or FFR). The primary endpoint of the trial is the level of agreement between the treatment recommendations of both teams, assessed using Cohen's κ. As of March 2022, the patient enrollment has been completed and 230 patients have been discussed in both Heart Teams. The current trial will indicate the usefulness of QFR, which enables a wireless multivessel physiological interrogation, in the discussions of Heart Teams to determine the optimal revascularization strategy for MVD.
Strongly Bound π‐Hole Tetrel Bonded Complexes between H2SiO and Substituted Pyridines. Influence of Substituents
Authors: Bhattarai Sumitra , Sutradhar Dipankar , Chandra Asit K.
Published: April 2022

Ab initio calculation at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level has been performed on the π‐hole based N…Si tetrel bonded complexes between substituted pyridines and H2SiO. The primary aim of the study is to find out the effect of substitution on the strength and nature of this tetrel bond, and its similarity/difference with the N…C tetrel bond. Correlation between the strength of the N…Si bond and several molecular properties of the Lewis acid (H2SiO) and base (pyridines) are explored. The properties of the tetrel bond are analyzed using AIM, NBO, and symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory calculations. The complexes are characterized with short N…Si intermolecular distances and high binding energies ranging between −142.72 and −115.37 kJ/mol. The high value of deformation energy indicates significant geometrical distortion of the monomer units. The AIM and NBO analysis reveal significant coordinate covalent bond character of the N⋅⋅⋅Si π‐hole bond. Sharp differences are also noticed in the orbital interactions present in the N⋅⋅⋅Si and N⋅⋅⋅C tetrel bonds.
Selective Conversion of HMF into 3‐Hydroxymethylcyclopentylamine through a One‐Pot Cascade Process in Aqueous Phase over Bimetallic NiCo Nanoparticles as Catalyst
Authors: Hurtado Beatriz , Arias Karen S. , Climent Maria J. , Concepción Patricia , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara
Published: April 2022

5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been successfully valorized into 3‐hydroxymethylcyclopentylamine through a one‐pot cascade process in aqueous phase by coupling the hydrogenative ring‐rearrangement of HMF into 3‐hydroxymethylcyclopentanone (HCPN) with a subsequent reductive amination with ammonia. Mono‐ (Ni@C, Co@C) and bimetallic (NiCo@C) nanoparticles with different Ni/Co ratios partially covered by a thin carbon layer were prepared and characterized. Results showed that a NiCo catalyst, (molar ratio Ni/Co=1, Ni0.5Co0.5@C), displayed excellent performance in the hydrogenative ring‐rearrangement of HMF into HCPN (>90 % yield). The high selectivity of the catalyst was attributed to the formation of NiCo alloy structures as hydrogenating sites that limited competitive reactions such as the hydrogenation of furan ring and the over‐reduction of the formed HPCN. The subsequent reductive amination of HPCN with aqueous ammonia was performed giving the target cyclopentylaminoalcohol in 97 % yield. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited high stability maintaining its activity and selectivity for repeated reaction cycles.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural with Primary Alcohols over Skeletal CuZnAl Catalysts
Authors: Huang Yao‐Bing , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jilong , Chen Haoze , Wang Tipeng , Lu Qiang
Published: April 2022

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) with alcohols has been increasingly employed as effective tool for biomass upgrading, however, relying predominantly on secondary alcohols. Herein, for the first time skeletal CuZnAl catalysts were employed for the activation of a primary alcohol, ethanol, for the hydrogenation 5‐hydroxymethylfurfual (HMF) to 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) under a mild condition. The catalysts were extensively characterized to reveal the structure characteristics and surface compositions. Over 90 % yield of BHMF were obtained over the optimal CuZnAl‐0.5 catalyst at the reaction temperatures of 100–120 °C. Reaction kinetics indicated a competitive adsorption between HMF and ethanol on the catalyst surface, with the activation of ethanol being the rate‐determining step (apparent activation energy Ea=70.9 kJ mol−1). Preliminary adsorption investigation using combined attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation proposed a η2‐(O,O)‐aldehyde, furoxy perpendicular configuration of HMF on catalyst surface. The catalyst was further applied to the CTH of various aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols with high yields, demonstrating the broad applicability of the current system.