bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tiktok, Instagram and Presidential Election: A Study to Understand How Politainment in Indonesian Political Campaigns 2024
Authors: Kulau Febriansyah
Published: September 2024

The development of technology has brought about various transformations in the lines of people's lives, one of which is in political contestation. A political contestation in Indonesia has just passed namely the 2024 General Election. The Indonesian people elected 4 Legislative Members and 1 Pair of Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates in that election. There were three candidate pairs in the 2024 presidential election. Candidate Pair Prabowo-Gibran, Candidate Pair Anies-Muhaimin and Candidate Pair Ganjar-Mahfud. In the campaign process, something was interesting, namely that the discourse battle had shifted to a non-discourse battle. One is politainment, which the candidate pairs presents to the public on social media. Politainment itself refers to the equivalent of the words politics and entertainment. This is interesting because political contestation is very close to the battle of ideas and discourse in the campaign process. However, in the 2024 presidential election, this has shifted. Therefore, this is interesting to examine further. This study uses a qualitative approach to dig deeper into politainment in the 2024 Presidential Election political campaign. The data will be selected using purposive sampling techniques, and then the data that has been obtained will be analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis techniques. This study found that politainment is used by presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs to wrap messages in political campaigns
The fabrication of electric motorcycle trainers to eliminate automotive misconceptions
Authors: Ramdhani Ramdhani , Sriyono Sriyono , Munawar Wahid
Published: September 2024

This study aims to develop and implement learning media in the form of electric motorbike trainers to improve students' understanding of electric vehicle technology. The research method used is research and development (RD) with the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) approach, which is applied in the electric vehicle technology course curriculum in the Automotive Engineering Education study programme. The participants in this study were undergraduate students involved in the learning process using an electric motorbike trainer. The research instruments included observation, interviews, questionnaires, and practical assessment sheets. The results showed that the designed electric motorbike trainer can be used properly and is feasible to operate in the learning process if used in accordance with procedures. Based on the assessment of material experts and media experts, this learning media is considered feasible to implement in learning. A survey of 47 students showed that 63% of respondents strongly agreed that this electric motorbike trainer is an effective innovation in supporting learning. In conclusion, the development of this electric motorbike trainer not only enriches the learning experience but also has the potential to improve students' understanding of electric vehicle technology. This research contributes to providing innovative learning media that is relevant to today's technological needs and can be adopted more widely in various technical education institutions.
The relationship between self-control and academic achievement: A meta-analysis investigation
Authors: Cahyono Sulistio Mukti , Retnawati Heri , Mahmudah Fitri Nur , Pratama Galeh Nur Indiatno Putra
Published: September 2024

Many studies have reported a significant relationship between self-control and academic achievement, although the strength of this relationship varies across studies. Moderator factors that influence the relationship between the two variables have yet to be clearly defined. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims further to explore the relationship between self-control and academic achievement and investigate moderating factors that may affect the strength of the relationship. The study involved 70 samples drawn from 16 primary studies published between 2005 and 2018. Data analysis was conducted using a random effects model with a significance level of α = 5%. In addition to the main analysis, six moderator variables were analyzed, namely education level, geographical region, self-control measurement tool, academic achievement measurement tool, and publication year. All analyses were conducted with the help of JASP software. The analysis of the 70 samples showed a moderate positive relationship between self-control and academic achievement (r = 0.32, p 0.001). Analysis of the moderator variables showed that all of these variables had a significant effect on the strength of the relationship between self-control and academic performance. Based on education level, the positive relationship was stronger in studies involving mixed participants and weakest in studies involving university students. The relationship was also stronger in studies involving students in the United States compared to students in Africa and Europe, using the ISC scale to measure self-control compared to the BSCS and other scales and using grade point average (GPA) as a measure of academic achievement compared to other measures. Potential explanations and implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Implementation of flipped learning to increase student learning activeness in the combustion engine lecture
Authors: Ranto Ranto , Wulandari Antika , Rohman Ngatou
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the increase in learning activeness of Sebelas Maret University students in the mechanical engineering education study program through the implementation of a flipped learning model in the combustion engine lecture. This research is classroom action research. The action taken is to apply the flipped learning model in the combustion engine lecture. The subjects of this study were 42 students in the second semester of the mechanical engineering education study program. This classroom action research design refers to the Kemmis and Taggart model. The research was conducted in three cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection was done through observation, interviews, and documentation. The instrument validity test was carried out with construct validity using expert opinions. Data analysis was carried out in a comparative-descriptive way. The results of this classroom action research show that implementing the flipped learning model can increase the learning activeness of students in the combustion engine lecture. In the pre-cycle stage, student learning activeness only reached 45.24% of active learning students. In cycle 1, by implementing a flipped learning model, students learning activeness reached 81.99%, cycle 2 increased to 87.43%, and cycle 3 increased to 91.74%.  The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the flipped learning model can increase the learning activeness of the mechanical engineering education study program Sebelas Maret University students in the combustion engine lecture. Based on the results of this research, it is highly recommended to use the flipped learning model in lectures, especially in vocational education, increasing student learning activeness will have an impact on increasing student learning achievement.
Exploring Racial Disparities in Awareness and Perceptions of Oncology Clinical Trials: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data From the mychoice Study
Authors: Hoadley Ariel , Fleisher Linda , Kenny Cassidy , Kelly Patrick JA , Ma Xinrui , Wu Jingwei , Guerra Carmen , Leader Amy E , Alhajji Mohammed , D’Avanzo Paul , Landau Zoe , Bass Sarah Bauerle
Published: September 2024

Background

Black/African American adults are underrepresented in oncology clinical trials in the United States, despite efforts at narrowing this disparity.

Objective

This study aims to explore differences in how Black/African American oncology patients perceive clinical trials to improve support for the clinical trial participation decision-making process.

Methods

As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, a total of 244 adult oncology patients receiving active treatment or follow-up care completed a cross-sectional baseline survey on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical trial knowledge, health literacy, perceptions of cancer clinical trials, patient activation, patient advocacy, health care self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and clinical trial intentions. Self-reported race was dichotomized into Black/African American and non–Black/African American. As appropriate, 2-tailed t tests and chi-square tests of independence were used to examine differences between groups.

Results

Black/African American participants had lower clinical trial knowledge (P=.006), lower health literacy (P<.001), and more medical mistrust (all P values <.05) than non–Black/African American participants. While intentions to participate in a clinical trial, if offered, did not vary between Black/African American and non–Black/African American participants, Black/African American participants indicated lower awareness of clinical trials, fewer benefits of clinical trials, and more uncertainty around clinical trial decision-making (all P values <.05). There were no differences for other variables.

Conclusions

Despite no significant differences in intent to participate in a clinical trial if offered and high overall trust in individual health care providers among both groups, beliefs persist about barriers to and benefits of clinical trial participation among Black/African American patients. Findings highlight specific ways that education and resources about clinical trials could be tailored to better suit the informational and decision-making needs and preferences of Black/African American oncology patients.
The Integrating Cultural Aspects Into Diabetes Education (INCLUDE) Study to Prevent Diabetes in Chinese Immigrants: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hu Lu , Lin Nelson F , Shi Yun , Cao Jiepin , Sevick Mary Ann , Li Huilin , Beasley Jeannette M , Levy Natalie , Tamura Kosuke , Xu Xinyi , Jiang Yulin , Ong Iris , Yang Ximin , Bai Yujie , Su Liwen , Chan Sze Wan , Yi Stella S
Published: September 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality for Chinese immigrants in the United States, exacerbated by social determinants of health (SDOH) barriers such as language barriers, limited access to healthy foods, and low health literacy.

Objective

The goal of the Integrating Cultural Aspects into Diabetes Education (INCLUDE) study is to test a social media–based intervention adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for Chinese immigrants alongside a culturally adapted, community-supported agriculture program. Here, we report the protocol for the INCLUDE study.

Methods

INCLUDE is a 3-year randomized controlled trial (n=150). Participants with prediabetes or at risk for T2D are enrolled and randomized into either the control or intervention group (n=75 each). Participants from the intervention group receive 2-3 culturally tailored, in-language DPP videos weekly for 12 weeks, as well as biweekly phone calls from bilingual study staff to review video content, support goal setting, and assess and address SDOH-related barriers such as food insecurity. Intervention participants will also be given produce for 10 weeks as part of the community-supported agriculture program. Weight (primary outcome), self-efficacy, diet, physical activity, and food insecurity (secondary outcomes) are measured at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month intervals. Splined linear mixed models will be used to examine group differences in longitudinal weight and other secondary outcomes. The INCLUDE study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine.

Results

Recruitment started in May 2023, with the first cohort of 75 participants enrolled and randomized into 2 groups in July 2023. The 3-month and 6-month assessment of the first-year cohort has been completed. We have recruited 75 participants for the second cohort as of July 2024.

Conclusions

The INCLUDE study will serve as an innovative model for culturally adapted, multilevel interventions for underserved communities previously unable to access evidence-based diabetes prevention initiatives. Aligning with several national calls for multilevel interventions, the INCLUDE intervention will provide critical data that will inform how researchers and public health professionals address SDOH barriers faced by underserved populations and prevent diabetes.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05492916; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05492916

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/65455
Accuracy of a Commercial Large Language Model (ChatGPT) to Perform Disaster Triage of Simulated Patients Using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) Protocol: Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Micheal , Hertelendy Attila Julius , Cheng Lenard , Hata Ryan , Verde Manuela
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The release of ChatGPT (OpenAI) in November 2022 drastically reduced the barrier to using artificial intelligence by allowing a simple web-based text interface to a large language model (LLM). One use case where ChatGPT could be useful is in triaging patients at the site of a disaster using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) protocol. However, LLMs experience several common errors including hallucinations (also called confabulations) and prompt dependency.

OBJECTIVE

This study addresses the research problem: “Can ChatGPT adequately triage simulated disaster patients using the START protocol?” by measuring three outcomes: repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy.

METHODS

Nine prompts were developed by 5 disaster medicine physicians. A Python script queried ChatGPT Version 4 for each prompt combined with 391 validated simulated patient vignettes. Ten repetitions of each combination were performed for a total of 35,190 simulated triages. A reference standard START triage code for each simulated case was assigned by 2 disaster medicine specialists (JMF and MV), with a third specialist (LC) added if the first two did not agree. Results were evaluated using a gage repeatability and reproducibility study (gage R and R). Repeatability was defined as variation due to repeated use of the same prompt. Reproducibility was defined as variation due to the use of different prompts on the same patient vignette. Accuracy was defined as agreement with the reference standard.

RESULTS

Although 35,102 (99.7%) queries returned a valid START score, there was considerable variability. Repeatability (use of the same prompt repeatedly) was 14% of the overall variation. Reproducibility (use of different prompts) was 4.1% of the overall variation. The accuracy of ChatGPT for START was 63.9% with a 32.9% overtriage rate and a 3.1% undertriage rate. Accuracy varied by prompt with a maximum of 71.8% and a minimum of 46.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that ChatGPT version 4 is insufficient to triage simulated disaster patients via the START protocol. It demonstrated suboptimal repeatability and reproducibility. The overall accuracy of triage was only 63.9%. Health care professionals are advised to exercise caution while using commercial LLMs for vital medical determinations, given that these tools may commonly produce inaccurate data, colloquially referred to as hallucinations or confabulations. Artificial intelligence–guided tools should undergo rigorous statistical evaluation—using methods such as gage R and R—before implementation into clinical settings.
Knowledge Mapping and Global Trends in the Field of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis (2004-2023) (Preprint)
Authors: Ba Hongjun , Zhang Lili , He Xiufang , Li Shujuan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a pivotal tool for assessing health care professionals and plays an integral role in medical education.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to map the bibliometric landscape of OSCE research, highlighting trends and key influencers.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was conducted for materials related to OSCE from January 2004 to December 2023, using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed with VOSviewer and CiteSpace software tools.

RESULTS

Our analysis indicates a consistent increase in OSCE-related publications over the study period, with a notable surge after 2019, culminating in a peak of activity in 2021. The United States emerged as a significant contributor, responsible for 30.86% (1626/5268) of total publications and amassing 44,051 citations. Coauthorship network analysis highlighted robust collaborations, particularly between the United States and the United Kingdom. Leading journals in this domain—BMC Medical Education, Medical Education, Academic Medicine, and Medical Teacher—featured the highest volume of papers, while The Lancet garnered substantial citations, reflecting its high impact factor (to be verified for accuracy). Prominent authors in the field include Sondra Zabar, Debra Pugh, Timothy J Wood, and Susan Humphrey-Murto, with Ronaldo M Harden, Brian D Hodges, and George E Miller being the most cited. The analysis of key research terms revealed a focus on “education,” “performance,” “competence,” and “skills,” indicating these are central themes in OSCE research.

CONCLUSIONS

The study underscores a dynamic expansion in OSCE research and international collaboration, spotlighting influential countries, institutions, authors, and journals. These elements are instrumental in steering the evolution of medical education assessment practices and suggest a trajectory for future research endeavors. Future work should consider the implications of these findings for medical education and the potential areas for further investigation, particularly in underrepresented regions or emerging competencies in health care training.
Shifting our focus: the role of young people with lived experience of worry in the development of an online training to manage worry (Preprint)
Authors: Steward Jessica , Moulds Michelle , Hirsch Colette
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Many young people report high levels of worry, highlighting the need for brief, accessible and scalable interventions that can teach strategies to shift focus away from worrisome thoughts. We produced an online training, Shift Focus, which was developed, designed and tested with academic researchers, software developers and young people with lived experience of worry. We outline the invaluable role of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) members in the development of the Shift Focus mobile application.

OBJECTIVE

To engage with young people who are experts by experience of worry, to help refine and tailor a new digital therapeutic app designed to help shift focus away from worry.

METHODS

PPI members with lived experience of worry were aged 16-25 and from diverse backgrounds across the UK. PPI members provided input during all four phases of app development: developing sessions, piloting sessions, developing user experience (UX) design and testing the app prototype.

RESULTS

PPI consultations revealed that the online platform needed to be simple to use, interactive, aesthetically pleasing and personalised to individual needs and preferences. It should also be accessible to all, track progress and provide a sense of community. Technical issues were highlighted as a barrier to engagement, and there was suggestion that we should include a reward system in a future iteration of the Shift Focus mobile application to promote engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

PPI members brought unique expertise and were highly valued members of the team. A highly iterative participatory design process enabled continuous feedback from PPI throughout, ensuring their input was meaningful and key messages and ideas were incorporated into the mobile application.

CLINICALTRIAL

Open Science Framework Study Registration
https://osf.io/gebjz
Digital Assessment of Cognitive Health in Outpatient Primary Care (Preprint)
Authors: Doerr Adam  J , Orwig Taylor A , McNulty Matthew , Sison Stephanie Denise M , Paquette David R , Leung Robert , Ding Huitong , Erban Stephen B , Weinstein Bruce R , Guilarte-Walker Yurima , Zai Adrian , Walkey Allan J , Soni Apurv , McManus David D , Lin Honghuang
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Screening for cognitive impairment in primary care is important, yet primary care physicians (PCPs) report conducting routine cognitive assessments for less than half of patients over 60 years of age. Linus Health’s Core Cognitive Evaluation (CCE), a tablet-based digital cognitive assessment, has been validated for the detection of cognitive impairment but is not yet used in clinical practice at UMass Memorial Medical Center.

OBJECTIVE

We explored the integration of CCE implementation in a primary care setting.

METHODS

A convenience sample was recruited from the upcoming schedules of participating PCPs at UMass Memorial Medical Center. Eligibility criteria included age ≥65 years; ability to read, write, and speak in English or Spanish; no prior diagnosis of cognitive impairment; and no known untreated hearing or vision impairment. Research coordinators consented participants and facilitated the screening process. PCPs reviewed reports in real-time, immediately before the scheduled visits, and shared results at their discretion. A report was uploaded to each participant’s REDCap record and linked to the encounter in the electronic health record. Feedback from patients and their caregivers (if applicable) was collected by a tablet-based survey in the clinic before and after screening. Participating PCPs were interviewed following the completion of the study.

RESULTS

The screened cohort consisted of 150 patients (mean age 74 ± 7 years, 65% female). The CCE identified 40 patients as borderline and 7 patients as positive for cognitive impairment. As a result of taking the CCE, only 1% of patients reported feeling sad or depressed, and 5% reported feeling worried or anxious. More than two-thirds of patients reported that taking the CCE was beneficial. All the 15 surveyed caregivers reported they would want to know if their loved one's brain health was declining. A majority of participating PCPs stated that the results of the CCE changed their patient care management (6 of 7), and all 7 PCPs reported they would continue using the CCE if made available following the study.

CONCLUSIONS

We explored the integration of the CCE into primary care visits, which showed minimal disruption to the practice workflow. Future studies will be warranted to further validate the implementation of digital cognitive impairment screening tools within primary care settings in the real world.

CLINICALTRIAL
Development of a Disability Prediction Model for the Elderly Population in China Based on Longitudinal Data from CHARLS 2015-2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Chu Jingjing , Li Ying , Wang Xinyi , Xu Qun , Xu Zherong
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Disability significantly impacts the quality of life in older adults and poses substantial challenges to healthcare systems and resource allocation in China's aging society. This phenomenon necessitates accurate predictive models of disability for early intervention and management.

OBJECTIVE

To built an accurate predictive models of disability for early intervention and management.

METHODS

Data from 2,450 elderly individuals in the 2015-2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. The dataset was randomly split into 70% training and 30% testing sets. LASSO regression with 10-fold cross-validation identified predictive variables, which were used to develop an XGBoost model. Model performance was assessed using ROC, calibration, and clinical decision and impact curves, with SHAP values interpreting variable importance.

RESULTS

The key predictors identified were age, hand grip strength, balance, CS-5, pain, depression, cognition, respiratory function, and comorbidities. The XGBoost model achieved an AUC of 0.846 (95%CI:0.825-0.866) in training and 0.698 (95%CI:0.654-0.743) in testing. Decision and impact curves demonstrated significant clinical utility, with SHAP analysis highlighting pain, respiratory function, and age as top predictors. The SHAP summary plot illustrated the positive or negative impact of these features on disability risk. A web-based tool was developed for personalized risk assessment.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed a reliable model for predicting five-year disability risk in the Chinese elderly, integrating physical, cognitive, and psychological dimensions. This model effectively identifies high-risk individuals and helps allocate limited medical resources rationally. Future work will update the model with new CHARLS data and validate it with external datasets for broader applicability.
Performance of three conversational generative AI models for computing maximum safe doses of local anesthetics: a comparative analysis. (Preprint)
Authors: Suppan Melanie , Fubini Pietro Elias , Stefani Alexandra , Gisselbaek Mia , Samer Caroline Flora , Savoldelli Georges Louis
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is showing great promise as a tool to optimize decision-making across various fields, including medicine. In anesthesiology, accurately calculating maximum safe doses of local anesthetics (LAs) is crucial to prevent complications such as local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Current methods for determining LA dosage are largely based on empirical guidelines and clinician experience, which can result in significant variability and dosing errors. Generative AI models may offer a solution, as they could be capable of integrating all the relevant parameters and suggest adequate LA doses.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3 generative AI models—ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini—in calculating maximum safe LA doses, with the goal of determining their potential utility in clinical practice.

METHODS

A comparative analysis was conducted using a 51-question questionnaire designed to assess LA dose calculation across 10 simulated clinical vignettes. The responses generated by ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini were compared to reference doses calculated using a scientifically validated set of rules. Quantitative evaluations involved comparing AI-generated doses to these reference doses, while qualitative assessments were conducted by independent reviewers using a 5-point Likert scale.

RESULTS

All 3 AI models—Gemini, ChatGPT, and Copilot—completed the questionnaire and demonstrated a basic understanding of LA dose calculation principles, but their performance in providing safe doses varied significantly. Gemini frequently avoided proposing any specific dose, instead recommending consultation with a specialist. When it did provide dose ranges, they often exceeded safe limits by 140±103% in cases involving mixtures. ChatGPT provided unsafe doses in 90% of cases, exceeding safe limits by 198±196%. Copilot's recommendations were unsafe in 67% of cases, exceeding limits by 217±239%. Qualitative assessments rated Gemini as "fair" and both ChatGPT and Copilot as "poor".

CONCLUSIONS

Generative AI models like Gemini, ChatGPT, and Copilot currently lack the accuracy and reliability needed for safe LA dose calculation. Their poor performance suggests that they should not be used as decision-making tools for this purpose. Until more reliable AI-driven solutions are developed and validated, clinicians should rely on their expertise, experience, and a careful assessment of individual patient factors to guide LA dosing and ensure patient safety.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adoles-cents with anxiety disorders: Development and evalua-tion of the “CoolMinds” intervention (Preprint)
Authors: Sørensen Nikita Marie , Skaarnes Helene , Mathiasen Kim , Thastum Mikael , Jeppesen Lomholt Johanne
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital Mental Health Interventions (DHMIs) may help increase access to psychological treat-ment for adolescents with anxiety disorders. However, many clinical evaluations of digital treatments report low adherence and engagement, and high rates of drop-out, which remain challenges when implemented in routine care. Involving intended end-users in the development process by using user-centered design methods may help maximize user engagement and proof interventions for implementation.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to describe the methods used to develop a new Internet-based cognitive behavioral intervention (ICBT), CoolMinds, within a user-centered design framework.

METHODS

The initial outline of the intervention was conceptualized based on current literature in the field and expertise of senior researchers and experienced clinical psychologists. The development of intervention content progressed in three iterative design phases: 1) identifying needs and design specifications, 2) designing and testing prototypes, and 3) running feasibility tests with end-users. In phase 1, 24 adolescents participated in a user-involvement workshop exploring adolescents’ preferences on graphic identity and communication styles as well as adolescent help-seeking behavior. In phase 2, 4 adolescents attended individual usability tests where they were presented with a prototype of a psychoeducational session and asked to speak out loud about their actions in the platform. In phase 3, 7 families from the feasibility trial participated in a semi-structured interview about their satisfaction with and initial impressions of the platform and intervention content while in treatment. Activities in all three phases were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded. The intervention was continuously revised after each phase based on the feedback.

RESULTS

In phase 1, adolescent feedback guided the look and feel of the intervention content, i.e., color scheme, animation style, communication style etc. Participants generally liked content that was relatable, age-appropriate, and felt motivating. In phase 2, adolescents perceived the platform as intuitive and easy to navigate and the session content as easy to understand but lengthy. In phase 3, families were generally satisfied with the intervention content. Their feedback helped identify areas for further improvement such as editing down the material and including more in-session breaks.

CONCLUSIONS

Utilizing user-involvement practices in the development of interventions helps ensure continued alignment of the intervention with end-user needs and may help proof the intervention for implementation in routine care practice.
Phytochemical, Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Aspects of the Philippine native Acalypha angatensis Blanco, Fl. Filip.
Authors: Hipol Regina Lourdes , Wayas Hilda , Bacuyag Florence Mae , Daquigan Madonna , Hipol Roland , Cabanlong Jedida
Published: September 2024

The genus Acalypha has valuable species that have significant pharmaceutical applications. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of Acalypha pulogensis Sagun & G.A. Levin, an endemic species in the Philippines. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Nutrient analysis showed that potassium and calcium content were at 1499 mg/100 g and 1380 mg/100 g, respectively. The determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) showed that this species has an average of 282.24 ± 3.56 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 36.24 ± 3.77 mg QE/g of dried extract. These values were found to be higher than those of other Acalypha species. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH antioxidant assay, and the extract showed a concentration-dependent radical scavenging effect with an IC50 of 34.02 µg/mL. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using various concentrations against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a resazurin-based assay. The ethanolic extract exhibited substantial antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium (NCTC 12204) and MRSA (ATCC 33592), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 mg/mL. Higher concentrations (>20 mg/mL) were needed for inhibition of the Gram-negative strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae). These results suggest that A. pulogensis has good antioxidant and antibacterial activities that support its use in traditional medicine.
The Role of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in the Diagnosis of Patients with Chronic Angina Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Butti Aseel , Abbas Wassan Abdul Kareem , Hasan Ahmed Yousif
Published: September 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered the most prevalent leading cause of myocardial ischemia and mortality worldwide and can lead to angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI). Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) is usually measured together with other biomarkers to predict all-cause mortality. During stressful conditions associated with tissue injury and inflammation like myocardial ischemia, it is released into circulation and detected at high concentration in foam cells of the atherosclerotic plaque. Its circulating levels are associated with chronic diseases rather than acute diseases mainly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like CAD and chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of the current study was to detect the role of GDF-15 as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of stable angina patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction who were presented as having stable chest pain, so that to avoid endangering them to the invasive coronary angiography. Fasting venous blood samples were taken from 90 participants who were presented as having chest pain. They were all subjected to echocardiography, electrocardiography and coronary angiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated using the biplane M mode method. GDF-15 serum level was measured by using Human GDF-15 Sandwich ELISA Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions.The current study detected a high significant difference in the serum levels of GDF-15 and serum creatinine between the patients and the control group (P≤0.01). On the other hand, there were significant differences in the serum levels of triglycerides and VLDL-C between both study groups (P≤0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that GDF-15 had AUC= 1.00, the best cut off= 254.16 with sensitivity and specificity of 100%. So, it can be concluded that GDF-15 could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of stable angina patients with obstructive atherosclerotic plaque and normal LV ejection fraction.
Physico-Chemical and Structural Characterization of Mixed Natural Polymer Hydrogels Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluid
Authors: Hastuti Agustina Ari Murti Budi , Zai Khadijah , Risdanareni Puput , Karolina Rahmi , Mustafa Irfan
Published: September 2024

The gastrointestinal track has a varied pH, from an acidic pH in the stomach to a slightly basic pH in the intestine. The pH difference creates problems for the delivery of drugs and nutrients, as the active compounds may not survive the changing pH. Incorporating active ingredients into hydrogels can protect the compounds from degradation. Natural polymer hydrogel is preferable because of its safety and compatibility. However, a suitable formula should be optimized to facilitate suitable delivery in the gastrointestinal track. In this study, we produced hydrogels with 10 different formulas of mixed natural polymers: CMC (C), alginate (A), chitosan (X), and/or guar gum (G). The resulting hydrogels were characterized using swelling performance tests at pH 2 and 6.8, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydrogels with the formula of C50A25X25, C25A50X25, C25A50G25, C25A25G50, C25A50X12.5G12.5, and C25A25X25G25 are not digested at pH 2, but those hydrogels are digested at pH 6.8. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogels show functional groups of O–H, C=O, C–O, and C–H. Meanwhile, the SEM results show cracking phenomena on the surface of the hydrogels C50A25X12.5G12.5, C25A50X12.5G12.5, and C25A25X25G25. This study offers a general guide for the development of a natural polymer hydrogel as a suitable nutrient vehicle in the gastrointestinal track. Formulation of each type of nutrient should be optimized for optimum delivery to the designated part of the gastrointestinal track.
Frontera entre la vida y la muerte por suicidio en jóvenes del estado de Yucatán
Authors: Hernández Ruiz Laura
Published: September 2024

En el artículo se presenta un estudio de caso realizado en Tizimín, municipio del estado de Yucatán, México, donde se ha registrado una tasa alta de muertes por suicidio. Los objetivos de la investigación fueron develar los factores que imperan en la vida de los adolescentes yucatecos, determinar los condicionantes que les afectan de manera negativa y plantear, o por lo menos motivar, algunos cambios, para tratar de disminuir el índice de muertes por suicidio en el estado. Al final se discuten los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de la «Escala sobre estilo de vida para adolescentes mexicanos» a 252 estudiantes, así como de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 28 de ellos.
Ordenamiento territorial. Teorías y políticas con inclusión, innovación social y sostenibilidad
Authors: Martínez Pellegrini Sarah Eva
Published: September 2024

El Volumen IV aborda una amplia gama de temas relacionados con la democracia, políticas públicas y ordenamiento territorial. En cuanto al ordenamiento territorial y el espacio público, se exploran cambios en el paradigma del ordenamiento territorial y se presentan análisis estratégicos de ciudades en Oaxaca y Chilpancingo. Se discuten desafíos en la gestión del espacio público en la Ciudad de México. También aborda temas de riesgo y vulnerabilidad en la Región XIII de Toluca, proponiendo medidas preventivas. Se destaca la necesidad de rediseñar políticas hídricas con la participación de la comunidad. Además, se analiza el ordenamiento ecológico territorial, la industria minera y los Scouts. Políticas de vivienda y planeación urbana son otro foco de atención. Se propone la creación de un índice prospectivo de vivienda y se evalúa la satisfacción residencial en usuarios de vivienda de interés social en Baja California. También se analiza la planeación urbana en la Región Norte del Valle de México en 2023 y se reflexiona sobre los efectos de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1968 en la Ciudad de México. La participación comunitaria se destaca como estrategia para mejorar la movilidad peatonal de personas mayores. Además, se discute la política pública desde la perspectiva de pueblos originarios, se analiza la movilidad urbana en Ixtulco, Tlaxcala, y se explora la percepción de vecinos en mercados municipales de Guadalajara. Se analiza la educación de mujeres en Chiapas y el impacto de transferencias condicionadas en educación en Bogotá, Colombia. También se resalta la importancia de abordar la salud integral masculina en políticas públicas de salud. Políticas de desarrollo inclusivo y sustentable son discutidas en relación con asociaciones público-privadas, sustentabilidad en la producción de leche y generación de residuos peligrosos biológico infecciosos. Se enfatiza la importancia de artesanías sustentables y se analiza la acción climática a escala metropolitana. Se analiza la influencia del capital relacional en las PYMEs manufactureras y se discute la falta de acceso a financiamiento para emprendedores en México. También se explora la relación entre la estructura policial y el ambiente social en Acapulco, además de evaluar el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en el Ayuntamiento de Acapulco y reflexionar sobre la falta de semiconductores en la región de Asia Pacífico en Nissan.
Fondo Especial de Asistencia Técnica y Garantía para Créditos Agropecuarios y los servicios financieros
Authors: Banda Ortiz Humberto , Cruz Lázaro Luis Miguel , Vivanco Vargas Martín
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación, fue analizar el impacto del Fondo Especial de Asistencia Técnica y Garantía para Créditos Agropecuarios (FEGA) en la cartera total de créditos otorgados al sector agropecuario, silvícola y pesquero, en la población ocupada del sector primario y en el Indicador Trimestral de la Actividad Económica Estatal (ITAEE), durante el periodo 2015 a 2017. Para cumplir con el objetivo, se estimaron tres modelos de paneles de datos, tanto de efectos fijos como de efectos variables, de los cuales, dos analizan el impacto del FEGA en la cartera total de los créditos otorgados al sector agropecuario, silvícola y pesquero a nivel Estatal, dos examinan el impacto del FEGA en la población ocupada del sector primario y dos analizan el impacto del FEGA en el ITAEE. Los resultados indican que el FEGA, no tiene impacto en el ITAEE en la población ocupada del sector primario y en la cartera total de los créditos otorgados al sector agropecuario, silvícola y pesquero a nivel Estatal. Se concluye, que las estrategias que emplea el FEGA para facilitar los servicios finan­cieros, no impactan en los sectores de la agricultura, la ganadería, la avicultura, la agroindustria, la pesca y otras actividades relacionadas con en el medio rural.
Utilization of the intersection of ABC and XYZ analysis in stock planning in the warehouse by Covid period
Authors: Kubasakova Iveta , Kubanova Jaroslava
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to find the most appropriate inventory storage strategies in a new warehouse according to the Covid period. Based on the company's analysis and preferences, we have concluded that the most suitable inventory storage strategy will be ABC, XYZ and penetration analysis according to which the inventory will be produced to the company's warehouse. The result of the paper is the intersection of these analyses. Based on the penetration analysis, we found that AAXX group has 27% of the product items. The CXX group of manufactured items has a high turnover, but accounts for only 1% of the total items. The AA category has a low turnover but accounts for only 0.63% of the product items. As a result of the penetration analysis, we concluded that the categories AAXX, AAX, AXX, AX and BXX are suitable to be produced in large quantity in stock. For categories AAY, AY, BX and BY, it is recommended to plan the production of items for stock with caution and not to produce them in such large quantities. The regularity of the analysis of these methods is very important. The intersection of ABC and XYZ analyses indicates the regularity of applying these methods due to the existence of excess or non-replenishable stocks.
Articulación de procesos de diseño, computación, Cibernética y BIM: Una retrospectiva
Authors: Bonilla-Vallejo Mario Andres , Tramontano Marcelo
Published: September 2024

This article explores the historical and theoretical developments of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the associated design processes. The study stems from ongoing doctoral research and aims to build an expanded understanding of the informatization process of architectural thought that led to BIM, considering contributions from the Cybernetics and Computing fields. The paper looks into the historical context of the 20th century and highlights the parallel and interdependent developments in Architecture, Cybernetics, and Computer Science. Based on a bibliographic review, retrospective, and theoretical analysis, this article emphasizes the contributions of works that systematized design processes and introduced systemic methodological approaches. Those works acknowledge the value of declaration and structuring of design information and contribute to incorporating computing into design processes and their development. The work presents the contributions of research institutions from the United Kingdom and the United States in developing computer programs for architecture, emphasizing that the geographical diversity of advancements in the field goes beyond these two lines. These computer programs were influenced by cybernetic theories, which were crucial for BIM development, and were created to produce models and systems to describe information. Finally, the importance of translating architectural thought into structured data that might be processable through computer programs, including BIM software, is highlighted, concluding that although BIM and developments of the current digital design processes followed the goal of assisting the production of North Atlantic architectural models, they originated from a broad and diverse historical and geopolitical context of the 20th century, involving theoretical, military, and professional research.
A arquitetura Art Déco em instituições de ensino: a dicotomia entre uma escola privada e religiosa e uma escola pública e laica
Authors: Kremer-Cabral Lisiê , Carlucio-Cordeiro José Henrique
Published: September 2024

In 1930s Brazil, new design guidelines were introduced to educational institutions, highlighting health and nationalist issues, which represented progress. Within this social, educational, and political context, it was necessary to build new schools that included a new program with a new architectural language, both in public and private educational buildings. Knowing that the constructive characteristics of a school building exert influences on individuals, this work aims to compare and identify the variations and proximities there are between the designs of a private and a public school through a bibliographic, documentary, and architectural analysis, in a comparative case study between the Ginásio Santa Margaria (1935) and the Instituto Estadual de Educação Assis Brasil (1942), located in the South of Brazil, in the city of Pelotas/RS. Through this paper, it can be observed that although the use of language is related to the materialization of the construction, its interpretation depends on the sociocultural context where the work is located.
The experience of sexual harassment victims in accessing counseling services at higher education institutions in Samarinda
Authors: Irawan Andi Wahyu , Hidayati Diajeng Laily , Dwisona Dwisona
Published: September 2024

This study aims to understand the experiences of sexual harassment victims in accessing counseling services at higher education institutions in Samarinda. The research addresses a gap in the literature, as most previous studies have focused more on the legal, sociological, and psychological aspects of sexual harassment but have not deeply explored the experiences of victims in accessing counseling services at the university level. This qualitative phenomenological research employed the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. The participants consisted of four sexual harassment victims from two universities, one public and one religious-based institution. The findings of this study identified three main barriers. First, a lack of information regarding the counseling services available on campus led to delays in seeking help by the victims. Second, feelings of shame prevented victims from accessing counseling services as they were reluctant to share their traumatic experiences. This sense of shame was often exacerbated by fear of being blamed or perceived as overreacting by others, causing victims to keep their experiences to themselves. Third, the fear of social and academic stigma, including concerns about negative judgment from peers and lecturers, particularly if the perpetrator was a faculty member, became a significant obstacle for victims seeking help. Some victims even expressed concerns about the impact on their academic achievements if the incident became public. The study emphasizes the importance of policies that ensure easy access and clear information about counseling services, as well as efforts to reduce stigma, to encourage victims to seek help.