bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic Resilience: Linking Population Dynamics, the Environment, and Security
Authors: De Souza Roger-Mark
Published: May 2015

Demographic trends are important among the range of factors that motivate or deter political instability. Over the past several decades, countries with very young age structures—those in which at least 60 percent of the population is younger than thirty years of age—have been much more likely to experience outbreaks of conflict than those with a broader population distribution across different age ranges. Young people are a country’s key human resource and the embodiment of future potential for development. However, when individual insecurity combines with changing demographics, governance challenges, and other socioeconomic conditions, state security can also be threatened. Youth bulges, increasing urbanization, and violations of women’s rights, as with natural resource scarcities, can exacerbate or mitigate the direct factors that may trigger a conflict. This article examines the ways in which demographic trends influence security considerations, highlighting some key considerations in light of the reality of climate change and drawing policy implications for the security, humanitarian, and development communities. It suggests that when countries find ways to harness population dynamics they enhance their “demographic resilience” and find ways to plan for the shocks and stresses associated with climate change that may increase their conflict potential.
Antitheatricalism and the Interpretation of Tudor Allegorical Performance
Authors: Quinsland Kirk
Published: May 2015

The 1547 decision permitting lay scripture reading had the effect of reintroducing scriptural debates into the public realm. Legalized lay reading led to a crisis of interpretation; when anyone could read the Bible, unified interpretation became vulnerable. The anxiety this crisis created spilled into the theater, leading to anti-theatrical writing articulating a theory of performance centered on problems of interpretation and gaps between signs and referents. Allegorical plays from the mid-sixteenth century navigate this anxiety by embedding interpretation in the text. As playwrights direct spectators toward correct interpretation, instructing them to see through performance and allegorical signification and to recognize both the real bodies of actors and the moral lessons presented in the plays, their plays echo the larger problems of interpretation wrought by lay reading.
Allegorical Action and Elizabethan Staging
Authors: Dessen Alan C.
Published: May 2015

In this essay, I focus upon the ways in which the allegorical actions of moral plays persist into the 1590s and possibly influence a new generation of dramatic works. My first category of allegorical actions consists of situations in which an allegorical-symbolic action is visible to any reader. A second category consists of actions less visible to twenty-first century audiences but resonant for the original playgoers, as with the exit to Hell on the Devil’s back found in the late moral plays and invoked in 1 Henry IV . My third, more elusive category consists of less visible bits of staging that served as signifiers in the original theatrical vocabulary yet are no longer apparent to modern audiences. If our expectations are keyed solely to assumptions about realism and verisimilitude, are we losing sight of alternative ways in which ideas and emotions may have been conveyed to the original playgoers?
Embodied Thought and the Perception of Place in King Lear
Authors: Bozio Andrew
Published: May 2015

When Lear asks the blinded Gloucester if he can “see how this world goes,” there is a peculiar and haunting quality to Gloucester’s response: “I see it feelingly.” Through Gloucester’s claim to a touching-sight, Shakespeare’s King Lear invokes what might be called the protophenomenology of the early modern period, an alternative ontology wherein bodies, objects, and spaces are shaped through multiple, overlapping senses. Blending historical phenomenology with the emergent theory of cognitive ecology, I argue that Gloucester’s claim directs us toward a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between environment and embodiment in King Lear .
The Revenger’s Tragedy as Trauerspiel
Authors: Owens Margaret E.
Published: May 2015

This paper makes a case for the relevance of Walter Benjamin’s concept of baroque allegory to The Revenger’s Tragedy . I argue that the effigy, which appears in a number of guises in The Revenger’s Tragedy , warrants inclusion among the constellation of key allegorical objects that distinguish the genre of Trauerspiel and its English counterparts, chiefly revenge drama. By tracing the effigeal semiotics of The Revenger’s Tragedy , this paper demonstrates that the key images (corpse, skull, puppet, and ruin) from Benjamin’s corporeal lexicon of baroque allegory are also relevant to early Stuart revenge tragedy. The Benjaminian view of baroque mourning as a loyalty to the world of things and as a deep investment in ruins and evacuated objects helps to explain Vindice’s otherwise baffling acts of irreverence and betrayal to the remains of his beloved.
Taste, Theatrical Venues, and the Rise of English Tragicomedy
Authors: Kimbrell Garth
Published: May 2015

Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher’s tragicomedies exerted an enormous influence on the Jacobean and Caroline stage. This essay argues that tragicomedy developed as a response to London’s competing theatrical venues, particularly their attempts to acquire prestige. Tragicomedy alluded to a wide variety of different dramatic and literary works, and by combining texts in this way Beaumont and Fletcher could disparage the popular dramatic styles at competing playhouses. This underlying concern also explains the focus on aristocratic identity in the plays. Tragicomedy helped make the Blackfriars a place where audiences could gain cultural knowledge and acquire good taste.
Middleton’s A Game at Chess and the Making of a Theatrical Public
Authors: Wittek Stephen
Published: May 2015

This essay considers Thomas Middleton’s politically controversial A Game at Chess in relation to recent scholarship that addresses the idea of a theatrical public in early modern London. This approach provides a more nuanced understanding of the political attitudes of Middleton and his contemporaries. Rather than presenting the dramatist as a spokesperson for a single political interest, the essay shows how A Game at Chess integrates diverse perspectives on matters of popular concern, thereby cultivating a forum wherein people could come together to think through issues on a collective basis.
Female Chastity and Commoditized Selfhood in Bartholomew Fair
Authors: Gillen Katherine
Published: May 2015

This essay argues that female chastity figures centrally in Bartholomew Fair ’s exploration of early capitalist subjectivity. In the play, Jonson suggests that the market compromises masculinity and posits Grace Wellborn’s self-conscious commoditization of her own sexual agency as a strategy for navigating commercial markets. Through Grace, Jonson revises dominant models of subject formation to account for the emergence of a bourgeois self in relation to early modern commercial forces that are often understood as compromising personal autonomy. Jonson then applies this model of commoditized subjectivity to the commercial playwright, linking his own agency as an author to his ability to negotiate the market.
Allegory Plays
Authors: Enders Jody
Published: May 2015

In this brief polemic, I draw upon two exemplary rhetorical treatises—the pseudo-Ciceronian Rhetorica ad Herennium and Quintilian’s Institutio Oratoria —in order to argue that moral allegory no longer plays and it needs to. Allegory plays in both senses of the term: it plays for the stage as good drama, and it plays in the sense that its authors, producers, directors, and actors had some fun with it. Over time, both senses have been lost in translation. Both can be recovered, however, once we reintegrate a bona fide, mnemotechnically inspired rhetoric of performance into the theory and practice of allegory. The rhetorical and mnemonic conception of allegory as prototheatrical or theatrical practice allows us to recuperate the patently ludic dimensions of allegorical theater and theatrical allegory.
Introduction: Staging Allegory
Authors: Campana Joseph
Published: May 2015

An overview of the cluster of essays with observations on the state of allegory and attention to the tensions between various ways of approaching the intersections of allegory and theater in Renaissance England.
Recent Studies in Tudor and Stuart Drama
Authors: Greene Roland
Published: May 2015

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of Tudor and Stuart Drama and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of works received by SEL for consideration follow.
Allegorical Causation and Aristotelian Physics in Henry Medwall’s Nature
Authors: Blake Liza
Published: May 2015

This article argues that Henry Medwall’s early interlude Nature (ca. 1495) reworks the typical staged allegory of the morality play, staging a struggle not over the fate of man’s soul but over two competing interpretations of Aristotelian physics. Medwall finds in theater the perfect way of investigating the role that allegorical drama can—and must—play in understanding not only how our ideas about nature are intimately connected to ideas such as causality, responsibility, and the place of the human within the natural world but also how staged allegory might be used to engage in debates about nature.
PERCEPÇÃO DAS MULHERES QUANTO AO LAZER: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO NO PARQUE NATURAL MUNICIPAL DO BOSQUE DA FREGUESIA, RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Rosa Anne Bastos Martins , Nogueira Elisa
Published: June 2015

Este artigo diz respeito ao envolvimento das mulheres com o lazer e encontrou motivação nas mudanças demográficas recentes no país e na maior participação da Classe Média nas atividades de lazer em geral. Especificamente no artigo, concentrou-se nas atividades físicas realizadas por um grupo de mulheres no Parque Natural Municipal Bosque da Freguesia, zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo foi levantar categorias que representem a percepção e o significado do lazer para as mulheres pertencentes à Classe Média. Para tal, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória, com base na epistemologia fenomenológica e de acordo com a abordagem qualitativa. A entrevista foi empregada como principal instrumento de coleta de dados. A partir dos relatos de campo, verificaram-se algumas categorias relacionais que moldam a percepção das mulheres quanto ao lazer: a autoestima, a socialização, o bem-estar, a qualidade de vida e o contato com a natureza. Verificou-se uma forte relação entre o lazer e a atividade física. O ganho de autoestima, saúde e bem-estar propiciado por esta prática levou estas mulheres a buscarem novas formas de lazer, tais como viagens. Nesse sentido, apresentam-se, ao final, algumas implicações para o setor de turismo. Palavras-chave: Lazer. Mulheres. Classe Média.
Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians
Authors: Bujoczek Leszek , Bujoczek Małgorzata , Banaś Jan , Zięba Stanisław
Published: June 2015

The density of [L.] Karst. regeneration on different microsites, the quantity and quality of woody microsites, and seedling occurrence probability on stumps and fallen deadwood were studied in a subalpine forest that has been under protection for approximately 30â40 years (Gorce Mountains in the western Carpathians). Thirty percent of seedlings and 29% of saplings grew on stumps and fallen deadwood, while the remaining regeneration occurred on soil surface and mounds created by uprooted trees. The occurrence probability of seedlings on fallen deadwood increased with deadwood diameter and decay stage and with the volume of living trees, and decreased with increased density of living trees, sapling density, and land slope. Furthermore, seedlings were more likely to grow on stumps with a greater diameter and in plots with higher sapling density, but less likely to grow on higher stumps. Stumps and fallen deadwood covered about 4% of the forest floor, but the material that is most important for promoting regeneration (strongly decomposed logs and those of a diameter exceeding 30Â cm) took up only about 22 m ha. We have concluded that in a subalpine forest that has been protected for 30â40 years regeneration processes take place mostly on soil surface and stumps. The role of fallen deadwood increases over time as a greater number of suitable logs (in terms of size and decay stage) become available.Picea abies Picea2-1
Study effect of IL-35 and some sex hormones in male patients who have multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Bidan Ali K. , A. Hamzah Nisreen
Published: May 2015

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination. Currently, the cause of MS is unknown. An early and accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is very important, since it allows early treatment initiation, which reduces the activity of the disease. The present study aimed to focus a light on the contribution of interlukin-35 (IL-35) and its relation to some hormones such as testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin (PRL) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Twenty two enrollers (samples) attended from Teaching hospital of Baghdad were divided into two groups. Ten enrollers were described as healthy subject as control group as group 1 (G1) in range ages (20-30) years. Twelve male patients as group 2 (2) have been relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) matched in age with group 1 (G1).
Effective instructional design for web-based English vocabulary learning: Under the light of theories
Authors: Biçer Dinçer , Akdemir Ömür
Published: June 2015

There has been exciting and serious progress in the field of computers for teaching English. Identification of the most effective methods is essential to make teaching and learning more efficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using multiple content forms in web-based instruction on students’ English vocabulary learning. The study was conducted at the Compulsory Preparatory Program of a state university located in the Black Sea region of Turkey with 106 students. The factorial research design was used to conduct the study. Thus, the effect of using multiple content forms in web-based instruction on students’ English vocabulary learning was analyzed.

The vocabulary level of students was measured with a web-based multiple choice English vocabulary achievement test. The measure of internal consistency of the English vocabulary achievement test was 0.966. The findings of this study indicate that, in vocabulary teaching, providing definitions in an audio format in English is more effective in teaching English vocabulary than providing the same definitions in an audio format in English accompanied with pictures. Mobile devices which eliminate the time and distance limitations can be used in further studies with developmental applications to investigate the effects on students’ English vocabulary learning.
Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Safieddin Ardebili Seyed Mohammad , Hashjin Teymor Tavakoli , Ghobadian Barat , Najafi Gholamhasan , Mantegna Stefano , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: June 2015

This work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.
Adolescent health in Asia: insights from Thailand
Authors: Areemit Rosawan , Manaboriboon Boonying
Published: June 2015

Background:

Adolescence in an age of opportunity in Thailand. The main health issues of this age group are related to pregnancy, injuries and poisoning, all which should be preventable.

Objective and methods:

This article presents the experiences of Thai physicians, who received adolescent medicine fellowship training in North America and brought their experience, knowledge, skills, and adolescent health care principles and practice back to Thailand. The anticipations and the facts faced in everyday practice, training, research, and collaboration in a place with their own culture and societal norms are described.

Results:

Currently, there are six adolescent medicine specialists who work with experienced specialist in the subcommittee of adolescent health under the Royal College of Pediatricians of Thailand. There has been collaboration with both the public sector and health care sector, government and non-government organizations with regards to health care service and promotion. Many hospitals especially residency training institutes have increased the cut-off age of patients to be seen by pediatricians to 15 or 18 years of age. Since 2011, adolescent medicine was made one of the mandatory rotations in all pediatric resident training programs.

Conclusion:

There is still more work to be done – issues around policies for confidentiality and a lower age of consent, collaboration between other specialties to enable a large-scale youth-friendly one-stop services, and multicenter research opportunities are still awaiting.
Ultra-thin films for plasmonics: a technology overview
Authors: Malureanu Radu , Lavrinenko Andrei
Published: June 2015

Ultra-thin films with low surface roughness that support surface plasmon-polaritons in the infra-red and visible ranges are needed in order to improve the performance of devices based on the manipulation of plasmon propagation. Increasing amount of efforts is made in order not only to improve the quality of the deposited layers but also to diminish their thickness and to find new materials that could be used in this field. In this review, we consider various thin films used in the field of plasmonics and metamaterials in the visible and IR range. We focus our presentation on technological issues of their deposition and reported characterization of film plasmonic performance.
Superdiversity – a new concept for migrant health?
Authors: Zeeb Hajo , Makarova Nataliya , Brand Tilman , Knecht Michi
Published: June 2015

European populations are changing fast (Rechel B, Mladovsky P, Ingleby D, Mackenbach JP, McKee M. Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe. Lancet 2013;381:1235–45). Social categories such as ethnicity, migration background, country of origin, socio-economic status and gender exist alongside each other but need to be considered jointly in order to better capture the ever increasing complexity of communities and their inhabitants. In the last decade, the concept of “superdiversity” (Vertovec S. Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies 2007;30:1024–54) has emerged: it aims to capture the further diversification of diversity and refers specifically to urban communities where established immigrant groups mix with newly arriving immigrants, adding to the already existing social, ethnic and cultural diversity.
Finite element analysis of mechanical properties of woven composites through a micromechanics model
Authors: Khan Haris A. , Hassan Abid , Saeed M.B. , Mazhar Farrukh , Chaudhary Imran A.
Published: June 2015

In a woven fabric composite, arrangement and behavior of the fibers contained in the yarn and the yarns themselves lead to an intricate deformation mechanism. The current research, therefore, intends to propose a simplified mathematical micromechanics model for calculating mechanical properties of the plain weave composite using finite element analysis (FEA). A repetitive volume element (RVE) cell approach has been adopted for properties evaluation of plain weave composites. The FEA allows the modeling and portrayal of fabrics by taking into account various geometric parameters such as the yarn undulation, the probability of existence of consonances in a unit cell and interaction between warp and fill tows. These factors help in generating a mesh close to the actual fabric/composite. Additionally, a technique to represent the internal layout of composite structure employing actual dimensions of yarn geometry using conventional measurement devices, rather than using the demanding method of obtaining measurements from photomicrographs of sectioned laminates, is also proposed. The geometric symmetries as reported in the available literature were also incorporated during the model formulation. The theory of comparative displacements was then used to construe these symmetries into appropriate mechanical terms. Consequently, this leads to the formulation of boundary conditions for the RVE. The proposed finite element micromechanics model is different from the existing models in a way that it defines the yarn cross-sectional path based upon computational fluid dynamics technique rather than conventionally obtained photomicrographic results or the proposed sinusoidal paths by various researchers. Experiments were then performed on the laminates used for obtaining the geometric parameters with the aim of supporting the validity of the suggested model. The results of computational analysis were found to be in good agreement with the outcomes of experimental investigation.
Tensile strength of Z-pinned laminates in RTD and hot-wet environment
Authors: Li Chenghu , Guo Wei , Wu Zhe
Published: June 2015

Experiments and simulation analysis for tensile strength of Z-pinned laminates were conducted in both room temperature and dry and hot-wet environments. The results of the experiments show that the fracture of [0]6 specimen with Z-pins was longitudinally torn, and there was a row of Z-pins at the fracture of [(±45)/(0,90)]2S specimen with Z-pins. It could be observed that the hot-wet effect on the tensile strength of the Z-pinned laminates increased with percentage of 0-direction fibers decreasing in the laminates from the experiments of the unidirectional tape laminates and the woven cloth laminates. When the volume content of Z-pin increased, the hot-wet effect on tensile strength of Z-pinned [45/0/-45/90]2S laminates with Z-pins would become smaller and smaller. The simulation method of the hot-wet effect on tensile strength of the laminates was combined with the experiment and the finite element analysis. It used 14 nonlinear springs to simulate the longitudinal tearing of [0]6 specimen with Z-pins. The simulation results showed that Z-pin played a role of fulcrum, and because of the lever principle, the fiber bundles were torn at both tips in resin-rich area.
Linguistic Decolonization in Jamaican Radio
Authors: Westphal Michael
Published: June 2015

This article illustrates the value redistributions of Jamaican Creole (JC) and Standard English (StE) in the public sphere of radio by investigating changes in the discursive practices of language use, norms and other framework conditions of radio production, as well as listeners’ perception of linguistic variation on air. JC was marginalized and stigmatized in pre- and early post-independence Jamaican radio but has subsequently acquired an important role, mainly in dialogic and informal contexts. Despite its increased value, JC has not substantially challenged the prestige position of StE, which has remained the unmarked choice for formal broadcasting. However, there has been a localization of StE on the air away from exonormative standards and towards Jamaican English (JE) while British and American influences remain in place. In this linguistic decolonization process both JC and JE have acquired new values, but remnants of an unequal power distribution linger on.
Developmental Changes in Synaptic Distribution in Arcuate Nucleus Neurons
Authors: Baquero Arian F. , Kirigiti Melissa A. , Baquero Karalee C. , Lee Shin J. , Smith M. Susan , Grove Kevin L.
Published: June 2015

Neurons coexpressing neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, and GABA (NAG) play an important role in ingestive behavior and are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. NAG neurons receive both GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic inputs, however, the developmental time course of synaptic input organization of NAG neurons in mice is unknown. In this study, we show that these neurons have low numbers of GABAergic synapses and that GABA is inhibitory to NAG neurons during early postnatal period. In contrast, glutamatergic inputs onto NAG neurons are relatively abundant by P13 and are comparatively similar to the levels observed in the adult. As mice reach adulthood (9–10 weeks), GABAergic tone onto NAG neurons increases. At this age, NAG neurons received similar numbers of inhibitory and EPSCs. To further differentiate age-associated changes in synaptic distribution, 17- to 18-week-old lean and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were studied. Surprisingly, NAG neurons from lean adult mice exhibit a reduction in the GABAergic synapses compared with younger adults. Conversely, DIO mice display reductions in the number of GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs onto NAG neurons. Based on these experiments, we propose that synaptic distribution in NAG neurons is continuously restructuring throughout development to accommodate the animals' energy requirements.
Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Links Social Impressions to Political Choices
Authors: Xia Chenjie , Stolle Dietlind , Gidengil Elisabeth , Fellows Lesley K.
Published: June 2015

Recent studies of political behavior suggest that voting decisions can be influenced substantially by “first-impression” social attributions based on physical appearance. Separate lines of research have implicated the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the judgment of social traits on the one hand and economic decision-making on the other, making this region a plausible candidate for linking social attributions to voting decisions. Here, we asked whether OFC lesions in humans disrupted the ability to judge traits of political candidates or affected how these judgments influenced voting decisions. Seven patients with lateral OFC damage, 18 patients with frontal damage sparing the lateral OFC, and 53 matched healthy participants took part in a simulated election paradigm, in which they voted for real-life (but unknown) candidates based only on photographs of their faces. Consistent with previous work, attributions of “competence” and “attractiveness” based on candidate appearance predicted voting behavior in the healthy control group. Frontal damage did not affect substantially the ability to make competence or attractiveness judgments, but patients with damage to the lateral OFC differed from other groups in how they applied this information when voting. Only attractiveness ratings had any predictive power for voting choices after lateral OFC damage, whereas other frontal patients and healthy controls relied on information about both competence and attractiveness in making their choice. An intact lateral OFC may not be necessary for judgment of social traits based on physical appearance, but it seems to be crucial in applying this information in political decision-making.
Goal-Directed Modulation of Neural Memory Patterns: Implications for fMRI-Based Memory Detection
Authors: Uncapher Melina R. , Boyd-Meredith J. Tyler , Chow Tiffany E. , Rissman Jesse , Wagner Anthony D.
Published: June 2015

Remembering a past event elicits distributed neural patterns that can be distinguished from patterns elicited when encountering novel information. These differing patterns can be decoded with relatively high diagnostic accuracy for individual memories using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data. Brain-based memory detection—if valid and reliable—would have clear utility beyond the domain of cognitive neuroscience, in the realm of law, marketing, and beyond. However, a significant boundary condition on memory decoding validity may be the deployment of “countermeasures”: strategies used to mask memory signals. Here we tested the vulnerability of fMRI-based memory detection to countermeasures, using a paradigm that bears resemblance to eyewitness identification. Participants were scanned while performing two tasks on previously studied and novel faces: (1) a standard recognition memory task; and (2) a task wherein they attempted to conceal their true memory state. Univariate analyses revealed that participants were able to strategically modulate neural responses, averaged across trials, in regions implicated in memory retrieval, including the hippocampus and angular gyrus. Moreover, regions associated with goal-directed shifts of attention and thought substitution supported memory concealment, and those associated with memory generation supported novelty concealment. Critically, whereas MVPA enabled reliable classification of memory states when participants reported memory truthfully, the ability to decode memory on individual trials was compromised, even reversing, during attempts to conceal memory. Together, these findings demonstrate that strategic goal states can be deployed to mask memory-related neural patterns and foil memory decoding technology, placing a significant boundary condition on their real-world utility.
Instrument validation for peripheral venous puncture with overthe- needle catheter
Authors: Oliveira Aminna Kelly Almeida de , Vasconcelos Quinidia Lucia Duarte de Almeida Quithe de , Melo Gabriela De Sousa Martins , Melo Marjorie Dantas Medeiros , Costa Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes , Torres Gilson De Vasconcelos
Published: June 2015

Objective: to validate an instrument for the assessment of the peripheral venipuncture technique with over-the-needlecatheter. Methods: methodological, transversal study developed with 24 judge nurses, professors of the subject semiologyand/or physical examination techniques, with at least 1 year of experience in those disciplines in three stages: preparationof checklist; submission to the judges for evaluation; and content validation through the application of the Kappa index.Results: out of the 26 items of the instrument, only 2 did not have Kappa index and content validity index within theestablished parameters. Out of these 24 items, 7 showed perfect concordance index, 10 great and 7 good. Conclusion: theinstrument had representation and extension about the area of interest.
Quality of life of women with gynecologic and breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Ferreira Verônica Aparecida , Silveira Isis Do Nascimento Teixeira , Gomes Nathália Silva , Ruiz Mariana Torreglosa , Silva Sueli Riul da
Published: June 2015

Objective: analyzing the quality of life of women with gynecologic and breast cancer, undergoing antineoplasticchemotherapy for at least one year after treatment completion. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study conductedin a University Hospital. To analyze quality of life, a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire and WHOQOL-brefwere used. Results: 30 women with an average age of 52 years were interviewed; most were diagnosed with breast cancerand received adjuvant chemotherapy. Regarding quality of life, the most negatively affected domains were the physical andpsychological domains, followed by environmental and social domains. Conclusion: including quality of life measures inclinical practice appears to be crucial in promoting comprehensive care to patients and their families.
Long-term care facilities for the elderly: from legislation to needs
Authors: Lini Ezequiel Vitório , Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Doring Marlene , Santos Maria Izabel Penha de Oliveira
Published: June 2015

Objective: to analyze existing federal legislation on public policies that deal with the elderly’s rights, with emphasis onthe assistance provided in long-term care facilities for the elderly and the practical impact of these laws. Methods: this is adocumentary analysis of descriptive character. Results: one identified, among nineteen laws, decrees and ordinances in thelast 25 years, significant developments aimed at the elderly’s welfare, as well as structural proposals and the supervisionof long-term care institutions. Conclusion: the analysis conducted in the documents allowed the conclusion that the needspoint to the decentralization of institutions, increase of vacancies and bigger financial investment of public institutions.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Paediatric Cushing's disease
Authors: Storr Helen L , Savage Martin O
Published: June 2015

Cushing's disease (CD) is the commonest form of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and is a rare clinical diagnosis in paediatric and adolescent patients. CD is caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma and is associated with significant morbidity in children; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are critical for optimal therapeutic outcome. This review highlights the key clinical and biochemical features of paediatric CD and appraises current practices in diagnosis and management. A close liaison with adult endocrinology colleagues, particularly, for interpretation of investigations and definition of therapeutic strategy is strongly advised.
Variabilidad interspecífica de duraznos (Prunus pérsica L. Batsch.) y ciruelos (Prunus domestica) usando RAMs
Authors: Morillo Coronado Ana Cruz , Morillo Coronado Yacenia , González Mendoza Leonardo Ariel , Ávila Morales Iván Adiel
Published: June 2015

Título en inglés: Intraespecific variability of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) and plums (Prunus domestica) using RAMs
Resumen: Se seleccionó una muestra de 41 materiales de Prunus de la colección de caducifolios de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, para evaluar su variabilidad genética usando ocho marcadores Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAMs). Se generaron un total de 121 alelos con pesos moleculares entre 260 y 1000 Kb. Se formaron tres grupos, a un coeficiente de similitud de 0.75, de acuerdo a las características del fruto y a la especie, encontrándose en el grupo II a los materiales de ciruelo. El porcentaje de loci polimórficos varío entre 71 y 99% para los cebadores CGA y CCA, respectivamente. El valor promedio de heterocigosidad fue de 0.22, mucho más bajo que los encontrados en otros estudios de diversidad genética en el género Prunus. La técnica RAMs mostró ser una herramienta útil para evaluar la diversidad genética en frutales caducifolios, al discriminar a los materiales en tres grupos e identificar el alto grado de consanguinidad que existe entre las diferentes especies de Prunus lo cual debe ser aprovechado dentro de las estrategias de hibridación que busquen la obtención de nuevos y mejores materiales. 

Palabras claves: Prunus, Diversidad genética, Microsatélites RAMs, caducifolios.

Abstract: A sample of 41 Prunus materials from the deciduous collection of the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia was selected to evaluate its genetic diversity using eight primers for Random Amplified Microsatellite (RAMs). A total of 121 alleles were generated with molecular weights ranging between 260 and 1000 Kb. Three groups were formed, a similarity coefficient of 0.75, according to fruit characteristics and specie, found plum materials in group II. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 71 to 99% for the primers CGA and CCA, respectively. The average value of heterozygosity was 0.33, much lower than values found in other genetic diversity studies in the genus Prunus. The RAMs technique showed to be a useful tool for assessing genetic diversity in deciduous fruit, discriminate the materials into three groups and identify the high degree of consanguinity between different Prunus species which should be exploited in hybridization strategies looking for obtaining new and improved materials.

Key words: Prunus, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites RAMs, deciduous.
Viabilidad de una bacteria láctica encapsulada e incorporada en una matriz de cobertura de chocolate
Authors: García Gonzalez Estefania , Serna Cock Liliana
Published: June 2015

Título en ingles: Viability of encapsulated lactic bacteria added in a matrix of chocolate coverage
Título corto: Cobertura de chocolate probiótica

Resumen: Se evaluó la viabilidad durante el almacenamiento de Weissella confusa incorporada en una matriz de cobertura de chocolate. La bacteria probiótica se encapsuló empleando tres materiales de pared, gel de Aloe vera, gel Aloe vera + Almidón al 10 % y gel de Aloe vera + Almidón al 15 % y células libres como control. Posteriormente se liofilizó. La bacteria probiótica encapsulada, se incorporó en una matriz de cobertura de chocolate. Los chips se empacaron y almacenaron durante 5 semanas a 4 °C, cada semana se midieron cambios en la viabilidad de la bacteria probiótica y en la actividad de agua. En la quinta semana, los chips se sometieron a condiciones simuladas de jugos intestinales. Durante el almacenamiento los chips mantuvieron su carácter probiótico (>106 UFC/g), sin embargo, cuando la bacteria probiótica se encapsuló en gel aloe vera, se obtuvo mayor número de bacterias probióticas vivas dentro de la matriz sólida (2,1x108 UFC/g). La actividad de agua varió de 0,470 a 0,810. La bacteria probiótica permaneció viva por 2 horas en medios simulados de jugos intestinales, lo cual ratifica que la matriz sólida y los medios de encapsulación seleccionados son adecuados para el desarrollo de productos sólidos probióticos ricos en grasa vegetal.

Palabras clave: probiótico, chip, encapsulación, Aloe, almidón, viabilidad celular.

Abstract: Viability during storage of Weissella confusa incorporated in a chocolate coating matrix was evaluated. Probiotic bacteria was encapsulated using three wall materials, Aloe vera gel, Aloe vera gel + 10 % starch and aloe vera gel + 15 % starch and free cells as control. Subsequently lyophilized. Probiotic bacteria encapsulated, was incorporated into a chocolate coating matrix. The chips were packed and stored for 5 weeks at 4 °C, were measured weekly changes in viability of the probiotic bacteria and water activity. In the fifth week, the chips were subjected to simulated conditions of intestinal juices. During storage chips remained probiotic character (>106 CFU/g), however, if the probiotic bacteria are encapsulated in aloe vera gel, the greater number of living probiotic bacteria was obtained within the solid matrix (2,1x108 CFU/g ). Water activity ranged from 0.470-0,810. Probiotic bacteria remained alive for 2 hours in simulated intestinal fluid media, which confirms that the solid matrix and the selected encapsulation means are suitable for the development of solid product rich in vegetable fat probiotics.

Key words: probiotic, chip, encapsulation, Aloe, starch, cellular viability.

Recibido: septiembre 16 de 2014   Aprobado: abril 20 de 2015
La importancia de llamarse Lilia
Authors: Fallas Arias Teresa
Published: June 2015

En esta indagación sobre la autobiografía y el curriculum operis de la escritora costarricense Lilia Ramos se vislumbra que el cambio de nombre, agenciado por Lilia desde su infancia, es una especie de conjuro con el que se autoafirma y reinventa desde niña, para resplandecer intelectual, académica y profesionalmente de adulta, cuando logra trasmutar su complejo de “fealdad” en resistencia vital. Esta lectura se realiza desde la perspectiva expuesta por Judith Butler en el libro Lenguaje, poder e identidad, texto donde la teórica se refiere a la acción violenta e injuriosa de los nombres y su relación con la propia identidad.
Neurokognitív zavarok diagnosztizálási és kezelési lehetőségei Parkinson-kórban
Authors: Lucza Tivadar , Karádi Kázmér , Komoly Sámuel , Janszky József , Kállai János , Makkos Attila , Kovács Márton , Weintraut Rita , Deli Gabriella , Aschermann Zsuzsanna , Kovács Norbert
Published: May 2015

In the present review the recent developments in the definitions of neurocognitive disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease are summarized including the possibilities for screening and treating. For a long time, the recognition of neurocognitive disorders associated in patients with Parkinson’s disease was unsatisfactory due to the heterogeneity of definitions. The recently developed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) introduced the definitions of mild and major neurocognitive disorders instead of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The new DSM-5 definitions are clinically well applicable; therefore, the validation of the most frequent screening tests (Mini-Mental State Examination; Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Mattis Dementia Rating Scale) is warranted. Based on a Hungarian sample of 295 patients with Parkinson’s disease, the cut-off scores having the best discriminative values are highly dependent on education years (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination: 0–8 years of education: 82.5 points, 9–12 years of education: 83.5 points, and ≥13 years of education: 84.5 points; Mini-Mental State Examination: 26.5–27.5–28.5 points, Montreal Cognitive Assessment: 23.5–24.5–24.5 points, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale: 138.5–139.5–139.5 points, respectively). Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(23), 915–926.
Eosinophil oesophagitis étrendi és gyógyszeres vonatkozásai
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya , Tulassay Zsolt , Juhász Márk
Published: May 2015

Eosinophilic esophagitis is considered to be a chronic antigen-driven disease whereby food and/or aeroallergens induce a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the esophagus leading to pathological hyperplasia of the epithelial and muscular layers, fibrosis of the lamina propria and symptoms of dysphagia and food impaction. Eosinophilic esophagitis is often associated with other allergic diseases such as asthma or atopic dermatitis. Current first line treatments of the disease include strict dietary modification and topical anti-inflammatory steroids. In this review the authors summarize currently available treatment strategies of eosinophilic esophagitis. Orv. Hetil, 2015, 156(23), 927–932.
Tünetek, laboratóriumi paraméterek és a betegségpercepció eltérései irritábilis bél szindróma és gyulladásos bélbetegség esetén. Segíthetnek-e a kérdőívek a két betegség elkülönítésében?
Authors: Bor Renáta , Balanyi Zsolt , Farkas Klaudia , Bálint Anita , Rutka Mariann , Szűcs Mónika , Milassin Ágnes , Szepes Zoltán , Nagy Ferenc , Molnár Tamás
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Symptoms-based differential diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease is often difficult. Aims: To determine the differential diagnostic ability of clinical activity indexes and psychological questionnaires in these conditions, which have never been simultaneously analyzed. Method: 37 irritable bowel syndrome, 54 Crohn’s disease and 41 ulcerative colitis patients were enrolled in the study. The patients completed the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index test, Illness Perception Questionnaire and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. Hematocrit and C-reactive protein level of patients were also analyzed. Results: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome felt their abdominal pain more severe than the other two groups (p = 0.005), while the quality of life was the worst in Crohn’s disease (p = 0.0000001). Significantly more patients with inflammatory bowel disease considered that their condition is lifelong (p = 0.000781). The knowledge about disease was more appropriate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.00629). No significant difference was found in hematocrit levels, but the C-reactive protein level was significantly lower in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Illness perception questionnaires and C-reactive protein can help in the differentiation of inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(23), 933–938.
Személyre szabott kezelés szinkrón, nyirokcsomó-pozitív petefészek- és vastagbéldaganatban
Authors: Deme Dániel , Bishr Abdulfatah M. , Nizar Jamool , Telekes András
Published: May 2015

A 71-year-old female patient underwent urgent laparotomy due to severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain and fever. Macroscopically duplex coecal and transverse colon cancer as well as a sigmoid or left ovarian cancer were suspected. Pathological findings revealed synchronous left ovarian and transverse colonic neoplasms. Both primaries metastatized to their regional lymph nodes. Furthermore, the ovarian cancer infiltrating the sigmoid colon gave distant metastasis in the coecum, too. Ovarian cancer histology showed papillary adenocarcinoma, and transverse colon cancer was a tubular adenocarcinoma. The affected lymph nodes were clearly distinguished by immunohistochemistry staining: ovarian metastases were CK7 positive, and colonic metastases were CK20 and CEA positive. The patient was treated with combinated chemotherapy: FOLFOX-4 two weekly and paclitaxel monotherapy every other week. The patient tolerated this combined treatment well. The authors conclude that multiple synchronous neoplasms can be treated with individualized chemotherapeutic protocol with good efficacy and few adverse reactions. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(23), 939–943.
First record of Plantago commersoniana (Plantaginaceae), a rare and threatened species, in the Central-West region of Brazil
Authors: Hassemer Gustavo , Ribas Osmar Dos Santos , Rønsted Nina
Published: May 2015

Plantago commersoniana is a rare and threatened species, with a highly disjunct distribution, mainly in southern Brazil. This study expands its distribution to Mato Grosso do Sul state, in the Central-West region of Brazil, due to the discovery of a collection of this species from rocky grasslands in Ponta Porã. This new record is ca. 285 km distant from the nearest known population, in Yhú, Caaguazú department, eastern Paraguay. This is also the first record of a native Plantago species in Mato Grosso do Sul. Its conservation status according to the IUCN criteria is Endangered (EN).