bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Новый авторитаризм в польском облачении
Authors: Глухова Александра , Савенков Роман
Published: July 2019

Авторы делятся размышлениями, пробужденными чтением книги польского социолога М. Гдулы “Новый авторитаризм” (Варшава, 2018). Важно, что феномен нового авторитаризма, привлекший внимание польских ученых, нельзя назвать сугубо польским явлением. Напротив, его черты обнаруживаются в разных странах и регионах, что в значительной степени объясняется реакцией общества и политических элит на болезненные процессы глобализации, модернизации и демократизации, характерные для последней трети XX – начала XXI вв. Новой эта разновидность авторитаризма называется потому, что он, в отличие от традиционных диктатур, взывает к демократическим практикам, к соревновательному электоральному процессу и к демократической имажинации. Народ как суверен власти вручает правительству мандат на неограниченное господство над нормами Конституции. Справедливость как выражение народной воли стоит выше права. Квинтэссенция этого авторитарного проекта заключается в солидарности, суженной до собственного национального сообщества, и в доминировании последнего над более слабыми – меньшинствами и чужаками. Пришедшая в 2015 г. к власти партия “Право и справедливость” во главе с Я. Качиньским обозначила движение страны в этом направлении как политику “правого поворота”, сделав акцент на социальную поддержку населения и новую культурную политику. Поддержка партии “Право и справедливость” со стороны большинства населения объясняется как частичной удовлетворенностью ее социально-экономической политикой, так и чувством принадлежности к “политической драме”, инсценируемой партийным лидером.
Influence of Rootstock and Variety on Leaf Nutrient Concentration of Pear Grown on a Nutrient-Sufficient Soil
Authors: ERDAL İbrahim , NAZLI İrfan
Published: July 2019

Study was aimed to investigate the effect of
rootstock, variety and their combination on mineral nutrition of pear.  For this reason, Deveci,
Santa Maria and Akca varieties grafted on Quince A, Quince C, BA 29 and OHF 333
rootstocks were used as plant materials. To compare nutritional status of
plants, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn Zn and B analysis were made on leaf
samples.  According to results, it was
seen that individual effect of rootstock and variety and their combinations had
significant effect on pear mineral nutrition generally. Although there was a
significant variation depending on rootstock and variety differences, we could
not reach a certain results which rootstock and variety or their
combinations were prominent on general mineral nutrient concentration of pear.
We assumed that this is due to preventing of the effectiveness of rootstock or
variety due to sufficient nutrient levels in the soil
THE RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN FEMALE UNEMPLOYMENT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTİON: THE CASE OF OECD COUNTRİES
Authors: TATLI Halim , BARAK Doğan
Published: July 2019

In
this study, the short- and long-term relationships between energy consumption
and women's unemployment in 29 OECD countries are investigated using panel data
for the period 1991-2015. For the empirical analysis, Panel ARDL method and
Granger causality tests are used. The results of the analyses reveal that both
short- and long-term energy consumptions have significant adverse effects on
female unemployment. That is to say; energy consumption has a negative and
statistically significant impact on the female unemployment rate. In addition,
according to the Granger causality test result, it is found that there is
bidirectional causality between energy consumption and female unemployment
rate.
MÜLKİYET HAKLARI VE REFAH İLİŞKİSİ: AB ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: ÇOBAN Mustafa Necati
Published: July 2019

Kurumsal yapı içerisinde mülkiyet hakları,
refahı olumlu yönde etkileyebilen bir kavram olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Korunaklı
mülkiyet hakları bireylerin ekonomik özgürlüklerini desteklemekte ve bireysel
yatırımların, teşebbüslerin önünü açmaktadır. Çalışmada Avrupa Birliği
ülkelerinde 2007-2014 yılları arasını kapsayan veriler kullanılarak dengeli
panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda mülkiyet hakları
göstergesi olarak Property Rights Alliance tarafından yayınlanan Uluslararası
Mülkiyet Hakları göstergesi kullanılmıştır. Refah göstergesi ve bağımlı
değişken olarak ise Legatum Institute tarafından yayınlanan Refah Endeksi ele
alınmıştır. Çalışmaya kontrol değişkenleri olarak ticari açıklık oranı,  kamu eğitim harcamalarının GSYİH içindeki payı,
işsizlik oranı ve enflasyon oranı eklenmiştir.  Çalışmada Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde mülkiyet
haklarının refah üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen panel veri analizi sonrasında Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde
mülkiyet haklarının korunaklılığının gelişmesinin bu ülkelerde refah seviyesini
olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN INFLATION AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES FOR THE NORTHERN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: KİRACI Arzdar , AKTUĞ Semih Serkant , AQRAWI Farhang Abdulkareem , DAĞ Mehmet
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation
between the inflation rate, foreign exchange rates of the major currencies used
in the northern region of Iraq (NRI), money supply and gross domestic product
(GDP) for the period 2008-2016. It is notable that the region suffers from high inflation rates and
there were fluctuations in foreign exchange rates after the fall of the former
Iraqi regime in 2003. This is the first article about this subject for NRI using
an error correction model and the results indicate that there is a long-run
relation between variables. The relation between US Dollar and inflation in the
region is positive and statistically significant. There is a negative relation
between Euro and inflation, which is also statistically significant. NRI
imports many goods and services from Turkey, but a surprising result is that
the Turkish Lira variable is not statistically significant. This may be due to
the fact that import payments are done with Dollars and not Turkish Liras. There
is also a negative long-run relation for the variables GDP and money supply,
which are not statistically significant. In the analysis, money supply by the
Iraqi Central Bank was used as the money supply variable, but the amount of
money supply in the NRI is not proportional to the amount offered by the
Central Bank, there is no advanced banking system in the region. The amount of
Dinar coming into the region consists of converting the oil export revenues
into Iraqi dinar and supplying these Dinars as payments to the market.
Therefore, the NRI money supply will depend on the oil revenues and the Dollar,
which makes money supply variable statistically insignificant.
Role of vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to escitalopram in patients of major depressive disorder: a 8 week prospective, randomized, interventional, clinical study
Authors: Singh Shivangna , Sharma Priyamvada , Gautam Vivek
Published: July 2019

Background: Depression is a major public health problem and occurs in persons of all ages, and is associated with increased morbidity, soaring costs for treatment and reduced productivity and quality of life. Vitamin D is involved in numerous brain processes including neuroimmunomodulation, neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, regulation of neurotrophic factors, and making it biologically plausible to be associated with depression. Aim of the present study is to compare the therapeutic effects of vitamin D given along with escitalopram versus escitalopram given alone in patients with major depressive disorder.  Methods: In this prospective, randomized, interventional clinical study, 60 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on ICD-10 criteria were randomly assigned into two groups, one group received 60000IU vitamin D3 weekly plus 10 mg escitalopram OD daily while the other group received escitalopram10 mg OD daily alone for 8 weeks. Depression severity was assessed at 2-week intervals using the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were measured in all the patients at baseline and after intervention.Result: Fifty nine patients completed the trial. Depression severity based on HDRS decreased significantly after intervention, with a significant difference between the two groups. The vitamin D3+escitalopram combination was significantly better than escitalopram alone from the fourth week of treatment. Conclusion: Role of vitamin D in mood disorder and its dietary supplementation is effective as an adjuvant treatment along with SSRIs in depressive disorders, especially in vitamin D deficient patients.
Effect of age and sex on serum phenytoin concentration in epileptic patients: experience from therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Mir Shakeel Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Background: Phenytoin is a widely prescribed anticonvulsant drug. There is a wide interpatient as well as intrapatient variability in serum phenytoin levels despite standard doses. Phenytoin dosing is challenging because the drug exhibits nonlinear kinetics and interacts with a number of drugs. Children metabolize the drug faster as compared to adults. Ageing is also associated with progressive decline in phenytoin clearance. Many CYP450 enzymes show a sex-dependent difference in activity. The objective for this study was to find the effects of sex and ageing on serum phenytoin levels.Methods: The influence of sex and ageing on the serum phenytoin levels was evaluated retrospectively in 96 anonymized epileptic patients who had received phenytoin alone for more than four weeks. These patients were divided into three age groups, up to 18 years (children), 19-60 years (adults) and more than 60 years (elderly).Results: There were 6.25% children, 84.37% adults and 9.37% elderly. The majority (71.87%) of patients were males. Children achieved a mean phenytoin level of 15.71±4.85 µg/ml after a daily dose of 225.00±75.82 mg. Adults attained a mean serum phenytoin level of 16.12±3.90 µg/ml with a mean daily dose of 282.72±69.44 mg. The elderly achieved a mean serum phenytoin level of 15.85±2.19µg/ml after a mean daily dose of 266.67±70.71 mg. As compared to 77.77% females, 84.05% males had phenytoin levels in therapeutic range. 50.00% children, 82.71% adults, and 100.00% elderly had phenytoin levels in therapeutic range. There was a correlation between sex, age and serum phenytoin levels (r = 0.003 to 0.762).Conclusions: There was a correlation between sex, age and serum phenytoin levels in this study. A better understanding of the effects of sex and age on the clinical pharmacology of phenytoin would enhance the quality of prescribing.
Cost analysis of various topical eye preparations currently available in Indian market
Authors: Agrawal Shweta , Arya Neelesh , Agrawal Mehul
Published: July 2019

Background: topical eye preparations are very commonly used in India for different eye diseases hence their prices should not be much different in Indian pharmaceutical industry. The common man therefore has to shell out more money with medicine prices spinning out of his reach. Aim of this study was to compare the cost of drugs of the different brand of topical ophthalmic drugs.Methods: cost of various topical eye preparations was compared using “Current Index of Medical Specialties” (CIMS) January-April 2019 and cost variation was recorded. Drugs were categorized into anti-infective and antiseptics, topical corticosteroids, mydriatics, anti-glaucoma drugs, anti-inflammatory and lubricants.Results: That of the 26 drug formulations studied, the percentage cost variation of 10 drug formulations was more than 100%, out of which one formulation of moxifloxacin had more than 1000% variation. Cost ratio of 10 drug formulations were more than two. Moxifloxacin 0.5% eye drops had maximum percentage cost variation of 5610.66% and cost ratio of 57.11, followed by ofloxacin 0.30% eye drops (310.92%, 4.11), timolol 0.50% eye drops (263.64%, 3.64), ciprofloxacin 0.30% eye drops (142.42%, 2.42), tobramycin 0.30% eye drops (120.14%, 2.20).Conclusions: There is a significant variation in the price of various topical eye preparations. As most of the preparations being prescribed on an out-patient basis, which was not covered under most of the insurance program. Out of pocket expenditure adversely affects the drug compliance in the long run. There should be a comprehensive action from policymakers, regulatory authorities, government agencies, doctors, pharmacists, and the general public to solve this issue of cost variation of drugs.
Antibiotic sensitivity profile of Klebsiella isolates and it’s impact on clinical outcome
Authors: Damor Rahul R. , Kubavat Amita R.
Published: July 2019

Background: Antimicrobials are the greatest discovery of the twentieth century. To limit the emergence and spread of resistance, antibiotic therapy should be adjusted according to the results of microbiological culture. Klebsiella isolates causes various types of infections and the incidence of antibiotic resistance is also high in Klebsiella infections. So, Authors plan this study to analyze how the results of microbiological cultures influence the antibiotic use in the treatment of Klebsiella infections.Methods: It is a record based observational prospective study which assessed the impact of Klebsiella positive culture results on antibiotic prescribing pattern and its impact on clinical outcome. Patients with empirical antibiotic therapy and Klebsiella positive were included and patients with inadequate data were excluded in this study and the data were recorded. Recorded data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel-2013. Unpaired student t-test was used to compare the mean duration of hospital stay using Past software (version 3.20).Results: There were total 400 patients in our study. Amikacin was the most common drug (n=202) used as empirical therapy. Empirical antibiotic therapy was changed in 161(40.25%) patients. Meropenem was the most commonly used definitive drug. Mean duration of hospital stay is less in empirical sensitive antibiotic therapy as compared to empirical resistance antibiotic therapy having p value <0.0001 which shows significant difference between two groups showing better clinical outcome.Conclusion: Initial empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobials is a treatment strategy for severe Klebsiella infections.
Trigeminal neuralgia: recent approach in classification, diagnosis and management
Authors: Narwat Arvind , Sindhu Anjali , Kumar Suneel
Published: July 2019

Pain and fear of pain continue to be the commonest and strongest motivation for the people to seek facial pain treatment. Pain is a personal experience of the sufferer that cannot be shared and wholly belongs to the sufferer. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a notable facial pain disorder resulting in periodic severe pain that produces one of the most severe kinds of pain known to mankind. Treatment of this debilitating condition may be varied, ranging from medical to surgical interventions. However antiepileptic drugs are commonly used for its treatment. This article brings out the recent approaches in diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
Metabolic effects of oral vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy on subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tafseer Sana , Khan Irfan Ahmad , Roy Avijit , Goyal Pooja , Chhoker Virender K. , Singh Abhishek , Sharma Priyamvada
Published: July 2019

Background: It is common for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to have vitamin D deficiency. Aim of the study is to determine the metabolic effects of oral vitamin D supplementation in a cohort of T2DM subjects.Methods: Subjects with T2DM were divided into two groups. Group A (Control) included subjects who received the standard treatment (conventional antidiabetic drugs). Group B (Intervention), apart from the standard treatment (conventional antidiabetic drugs), was also supplemented with Vitamin D3. All the patients were followed up at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months.Results: Vitamin D deficiency was noted down in all the study subjects. Even after 18 months of supplementation, all subjects remained vitamin D deficient. There was a significant improvement in the circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Improvement in the lipid profile of subjects was observed as evidenced by a decrease in total cholesterol (5.0±0.92 mmol/l) as compared to baseline (5.5±1.6 mmol/l). HOMA-IR changed significantly after 18 months of supplementation from baseline (7.0±1.06 vs 10.8±1.96 nmol/l).Conclusions: Supplementation to achieve higher levels of vitamin D remains a promising adjuvant therapy for T2DM patients. Additionally, the intervention brought out a favourable change in HDL/LDL ratio among study subjects.
A study on management of type 2 diabetic patients with complications
Authors: Brahmbhatt Shruti Vihang , Sattigeri Bhagya M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Diabetes is a major public health problem both in developing and non-developing countries across the world. It is a chronic disease, which in long term causes several complications resulting in poly pharmacy for its management. Hence, this study was determined to analyze the drug utilization pattern for the management of type 2 diabetes with complications.Methods: A prospective, observational and non-interventional study was carried out in 100 diabetic patients with one or other complications admitted in medicine wards at Dhiraj Hospital. Patients who signed informed consent form were only included in the study. All the data were recorded from patients’ case files and analyzed.Results: Result of total 100 patients, maximum number 52 (52%) were falling in group of 61-70 kg and only 2 (2%) in 81-90 kg. Out of 100 diabetic patients, 40 (40%) were managed with insulin in addition to oral antidiabetic agents, 37 (37%) were managed with only Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHA) and 23 (23%) were managed with only insulin. The most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic group of drug was Biguanides in 60 (60%) and most prescribed insulin was short acting Insulin in 40 (40%) patients.Conclusions: The diabetic patients are more prone to cardiovascular and other complications leading to a co morbid condition. The poly pharmacy is likely to occur in diabetic patients suffering with secondary complications. Therefore, intense blood sugar control with proper education can prevent the co morbid state and finally helps in reducing the economic burden.
Prucalopride: novel drug for chronic idiopathic constipation
Authors: Dhull Pawan , Maggo Sachin , Angrish Piyush , Singh Anuj , S. Uthara K. , S. Akhila A.
Published: July 2019

Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC), defined as constipation in which the underlying cause is unknown, is a common medical illness with a profound negative impact on health-related quality of life and increased propensity for life threatening complications. Current treatment for CIC includes lifestyle modifications, over-the-counter medications, and prescription medications. Presently, the only approved, prescription products for CIC in the US are prosecretory agents. However, the current knowledge that serotonin plays an important role in colonic motility has opened new horizons in the treatment of CIC promoting use of prokinetic agents with a different mechanism of action. Prucalopride is a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist that enhances propulsive motor patterns in the large intestine due to a high affinity for 5-HT4 receptors in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues.  The onset of action of Prucalopride is fast, shows rapid absorption, oral bioavailability of 93% and linear pharmacokinetics. Most common adverse reactions seen are headache, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Clinical trials for Prucalopride have been positive, and results suggest that the drug may be a new safe and effective option for CIC treatment, especially for patient’s refractory to prosecretory agents. As a prescription drug for the management of constipation and given the virtual demise of other prokinetic agents for this indication, prucalopride competes primarily with another class of agents: those that stimulate secretion. With Shire Pharmaceuticals having already received US FDA approval in Dec 2018, Prucalopride may soon be a new addition to the mounting armoury of drugs against CIC.
Detection of the bone contours of the knee joints on medical X-ray images
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Institute of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Science, Mikhaylichenko А.A. , Demyanenko Y.М. ,   Southern Federal University, Institute of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Science
Published: July 2019

Detection of objects of interest is a crucial step in the automatic analysis of the medical X-ray images. However, medical X-rays are often characterized by the low contrast as well as great variability in range of colours, which makes it more difficult to be analysed by the common methods based on the regions homogeneity principles. In our paper, we present an alternative approach to the contours detection problem that does not require the homogeneity criteria to be satisfied. Our method is based on the identification of edge fragments and elimination of discontinuities between them. Moreover, we describe a numeric criterion for quality evaluation of contours detection. The obtained results can used for diagnosis of abnormalities and diseases, and also as an intermediate step for more sophisticated methods of image analysis.
Study of the classification efficiency of difficult-to-distinguish vegetation types using hyperspectral data
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Borzov S.M. , Guryanov M.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Potaturkin O.I. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the effectiveness research of methods of controlled spectral and spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral data. In particular, minimum distance, support vector machine, mahalanobis distance and maximum likelihood methods are considered on the example of vegetative cover types differentiation. Significant attention is paid to studying the dependence of the accuracy of data classification with listed methods on the spectral features number and their selection method. The perspectivity of complex processing of spectral and spatial features, considering the correlation of close pixels, is demonstrated. The experimental results obtained with various methods of forming training sets are presented.
New method for GIS vector data protection based on the use of secondary watermark
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Vybornova Y.D. , Sergeev V.V. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2019

The paper provides a study on the watermarking method for vector map data based on a cyclic shift of a polygon vertex list. We propose a method modification allowing to automate authentication procedure, as well as to increase robustness against map contents modification. The main idea of the improved method is to use a noise-like image as a secondary carrier for a watermark, represented in the form of a bit sequence. An algorithm for construction of a noise-like image carrying a watermark sequence, as well as an algorithm for extraction of such a sequence, are given. An experimental study explores the information capacity of the carrier image and its robustness against quantization and interpolation noise adding, i.e. distortions simulating the embedding into map objects. The efficiency of the method is also demonstrated on real cartographic data. Conclusions comprise recommendations for rational choice of embedding parameters depending on the number of polygons on the vector map.
The accuracy dependency investigation of simultaneous localization and mapping on the errors from mobile device sensors
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Myasnikov V.V. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Dmitriev E.A. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2019

Monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the most complex and well-known problems, affecting several scientific fields: robotics, computer vision, virtual reality. This paper aims to study the SLAM problem for the mobile device with a monocular camera and sensors: accelerometer, gyroscope and digital compass. The latter allow to obtain an additional estimation of a mobile device position and orientation. The aim is to assess the potential suitability and efficiency of using extra information from inertial sensors to improve the solution quality and to reduce the time to obtain the solution. The experimental part of the study, including both model and field experiments, allowed to determine the requirements for permissible errors introduced by the sensors of the mobile device. For a specific model of a mobile device, it is shown that the electronic compass meets these requirements, while the errors of the inertial sensors used to determine the movements are unacceptably large.
Orbital angular momentum of the spiral beams
Authors:   Samara Branch of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAN, Volostnikov V.G.
Published: July 2019

At first sight, any rotation generates some angular momentum (it is true for a solid body). But these characteristics (rotation and orbital angular momentum) are rather different for optics and mechanics. In optics there are the situation when the rotation is important. On the other hand, there are the cases where the nonzero orbital angular momentum is necessary. The main goal of this article is to investigate a relationship between a rotation under propagation of spiral beam and its angular momentum. It can be done the following conclusion: there is no any relation between rotation under propagation of spiral beam and its OAM.
Diversity in tumor territory of meningioma: Protein expression in vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor
Authors: Mehdipour Parvin , Javan Firoozeh , Faghih-Jouibari Morteza , Khaleghi Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are involved in tumor development and progression. But, the classified-based data of protein expression (PE) in meningiomas is unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to explore the PE of VEGF and EGF in meningiomas by considering evolutionary strategy and the regional tumor-based assay.
Methods: PE was assayed using immunofluorescence (IF) within the peripheral, central, and basal sections of four meningioma tumors, and a lung metastatic brain tumor as a positive control.
Results: Diverse characteristics and harmonic cross-talk in the individual sections and between different tumor sections were traced. The mode of PE was puzzling and personalized issue. Co-expression had a key impact on tumor evolution and diverse PE profiles led to draw the heterogenic classification, as the personalized/complementary insight in the functional behavior of VEGF and EGF. D1853N polymorphism of ATM gene was mosaics in two patients with meningiomas.
Conclusion: The classified heterogeneity, harmonic co-expression, and diverse functional information in different regions of tumors may lead to predict the aggressiveness mode of tumors as a translational insight to the clinical managements including therapy in brain tumors.
Health-related quality of life and related characteristics of persons with spinal cord injury in Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Nasidi Munir , O. Akindele Mukadas , A. Ibrahim Aminu , Ahmad Ahmad Aisha , Musa Aliyu
Published: July 2019

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is impairment of the spinal cord resulting in numerous health problems that considerably affect the quality of life (QOL) of the patients. Moreover, a number of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics may influence the persons’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there is limited information on the HRQOL and related characteristics among affected persons living in Nigeria. This study explores the HRQOL and related characteristics of persons with SCI in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey of 41 subjects with SCI and 40 age and gender matched healthy subjects was conducted from January to December 2016. Subjects' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and HRQOL (using the SF-36 questionnaire) were collected and analyzed. Results: The majority of the subjects were men in both the SCI (85.4%) and healthy (82.5%) groups. The mean injury duration was 28.4 ± 20.2 months. Road traffic accident (46.3%) was the leading cause of injury with paraplegia (70.7%) being the most frequent level of injury. A greater number of the subjects (43.9%) had a complete impairment. Subjects with SCI had significantly lower HRQOL in the domains of general health, physical functioning, bodily pain, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health compared to healthy controls. Gender, level of injury, and severity of injury were commonly found to be related to lower HRQOL scores. Conclusion: Persons with SCI from Kano, Northwestern Nigeria have lower HRQOL across various domains compared to healthy controls. Common factors related to lower HRQOL scores were gender, level of injury, and severity of injury. There is a need for optimal rehabilitation for persons with SCI in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria.
The use of brain stimulation in the rehabilitation of walking disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized double-blind clinical trial study
Authors: Oveisgharan Shahram , Karimi Zahra , Abdi Siamak , Sikaroodi Hajir
Published: July 2019

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex of the lower limb has been exploited in the treatment of patients with stroke and spastic lower limb paresis. We examined this stimulation efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)-related walking disability. Methods: In a single-center randomized doubleblind clinical trial study, 13 patients with MS and walking disability and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 3 to 6 were randomized to the real and sham stimulation groups. In the real tDCS stimulation, 7 patients received anodal 2.5 mA stimulation at 1 cm anterior to the Cz point for 30-minute daily sessions in 7 consecutive days. The other group received sham stimulation with the same protocol. The primary outcome of the trial was change in the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25-FW) from before to after the stimulation. We also assessed the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12). We employed linear mixed effects model to examine the efficacy of tDCS stimulation on changing the outcomes. Results: On average, patients who received real tDCS stimulation walked faster after 7 sessions of stimulation [Estimate = -2.7, standard error (SE) = 1.3, P = 0.049], while walking speed of sham stimulation recipients did not change. For every session of stimulation, recipients of real tDCS stimulation spent 2.7 seconds less for walking the 25 feet. Real tDCS stimulation was not effective in improving MSWS-12 scores. Conclusion: tDCS stimulation of the lower limb motor cortex speeded up patients with MS in walking, but without improvement in patients’ mobility in daily activities.
A follow-up study on Guillain-Barre syndrome and validation of Brighton criteria
Authors: Boostani Reza , Ramezanzadeh Farveh , Saeidi Morteza , Khodabandeh Mina
Published: July 2019

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the major cause of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Comprehensive classification and predictive measures need to be created for GBS. This study was conducted to evaluate GBS patients’ prognosis and Brighton criteria validity in Iranian population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of patients with GBS admitted to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. After collecting data from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, nerve conduction studies, and clinical examinations, Brighton criteria and GBS disability scores were calculated. Patients ultimately received follow-up telephone calls after 15 to 45 months of admission, checking on one’s clinical status and the ability to walk independently. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Patients were mostly men (78.0%) with the mean age of 48.58 years. GBS onset was reported more frequently in spring. According to Brighton criteria, 41.4%, 51.6%, and 7.0% of the patients were classified as levels 1, 2, and 4, respectively. For GBS disability score, 54.7%, 16.4%, 9.4%, and 6.2% of the patients had grades of 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. 37 patients (39.4%) restored the ability to walk within the first month, while 3 patients (3.2%) were unable to walk by the end of the second year. Significant relationship was observed between the ability of walking independently and GBS disability score (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In the Iranian GBS population, less than half of the patients met level 1 of Brighton criteria and more than half of them reached the GBS disability score of 4, and walking ability was correlated to GBS disability score.
Prognosis of fasting in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis using oral contraceptives
Authors: Ghiasian Masoud , Mansour Maryam , Moradian Nasrin
Published: July 2019

Background: There have been studies that showed a higher incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in Ramadan, a month in which people fast in Muslim countries, which was associated with increasing use of oral contraceptives (OCPs) in women. We aimed to evaluate the effect and prognosis of fasting in patients with CVT using OCPs. Methods: Consecutive patients with diagnosis of CVT in Sina hospital, Hamadan, West of Iran, from May of 2009 to June of 2016 were evaluated, and women using OCPs were included. Other risk factors except fasting were excluded. Clinical presentation and outcomes of CVT was assessed. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Results: 58 patients were included in this study. 31 of these patients had fasting simultaneously. Fasting in patients using OCPs caused significantly higher focal neurological deficit (64.5%, P = 0.018), and higher hemorrhage (66.7%, P = 0.042). At discharge, 51.6% and after three months, 25.8% of patients with fasting had disability [6 > modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >1]. In patients who used OCPs as sole risk factor, 25.9% at discharge and 11.1% after three months had disability. Conclusion: Fasting in patients with CVT using OCPs causes significant increase in focal neurological deficit and hemorrhage, which also increases the hospital stay and lengthens recovery. However, longterm prognosis and mortality of CVT is similar between the two groups.
Why should mentoring still be an issue on the future labour market?
Authors: Horváth-Csikós Gabriella
Published: July 2019

The participants of the future labour market are the present-day secondary school and university students. The question of knowledge-management has become a highlighted issue nowadays in the companies’ everyday life. Sharing of knowledge is necessary in the management practice of any competitive companies. Knowledge management has several forms and mentoring is one of them. The question may arise whether future jobs will require mentoring or automation will also solve this issue.
Az energiafüggőség vizsgálata a megújuló energiaforrások és az üvegházhatású gázkibocsátás tükrében az EU-28 országaiban
Authors: D. Németh Zsuzsanna , Székely László
Published: July 2019

A népesség növekedésével párhuzamosan, valamint az emberi tevékenységek változatosságát és intenzitásuk növekedését követően az emelkedő energiaigény maga után vonta az üvegházhatású gázok jelentős növekedését, mely a klímaváltozás első számú okaként ismert. A hagyományos energiák növekvő felhasználása mellett a jövőben a megújuló energiák növekedése is várható. A tanulmány a megújuló energiaforrások kapcsolatait vizsgálja az üvegházhatású gázkibocsátással valamint az energiafüggőséggel, a 2004-2014-ig tartó időszakban.
Study of biofilm formation in Salmonella species isolated from food
Authors: SOLTAN DALLAL Mohammad Mehdi , KHALİFEH-GHOLİ Mohammad , RAHMANİ Hojjat , SHARİFİ-YAZDİ Sara , HAGHİGHAT KHAJAVİ Shabnam , SHARİFİ YAZDİ Mohammad Kazem
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Biofilms
are defined as communities of organisms attached to a surface and producing an
extracellular matrix, in which the bacteria are imbedded. Infections with Salmonella species represent a major
health problem and a significant burden on food industry. Biofilm formation is
one of the causes of pathogenicity of Salmonella
species, especially in the food industry, which allows bacteria to bind to
different levels. Many outbreaks have been associated with biofilms, because
they quickly resist anti-microbial and cleansing agents. The aim of this
research was to study the capability of biofilm formation by Salmonella
species isolated from food. Methods: A
total of 8 Salmonella species were isolated from 400 samples of red
meat, chicken, eggs, and vegetables. Identification was carried out by
conventional biochemical tests and serotyping. The capability of biofilm
production was measured by titration in Crystal Violet microplate. Results: In
the phenotypic study of Salmonella isolates with turbidity method at 550
nm without acetic acid, only 2 (25%) of isolates were able to produce biofilm.
both of isolates belonged to the group D of Salmonella.

Conclusions: The
capability of the isolates to form biofilm reveals the potential ability to
resist antimicrobial chemotherapy, therefore higher levels of hygiene in production,
packaging, and supply are necessary.
Risk Assessment of Cardiac Events in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Accompanied by Myocardial Damage
Authors: Vorobyova A. V. , Bondarenko B. B. , Bart V. A. , Malgina M. P. , Dorofeykov V. V. , Kuleshova E. V.
Published: July 2019

Background.Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is followed often by myocardial injury. Up to now there is no mutual agreement to the inﬂ uence of the perioperative myocardial injury on the long-term prognosis of the IHD patients.

Objective.The aim of study was to assess the risk factors for the development of cardiac events in the long-term period in patients with stable coronary artery disease with myocardial damage after PCI.

Materials and methods. The study included 113 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent planned PCI. Serum troponin levels were determined before and 24 hours after the intervention. Re-examination of patients was carried out after 12–18 months (average 15 months).

Results. The post PCI Tn I level over a reference one was registered in 25 patients (22,2 %). During the follow-up period the cardiovascular events took place in 25,6 % patients: acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 3 (2,6 %), angina occurred in 23 %. One-way ANOVA revealed a signiﬁ cant value for cardiac risk events of the patient age, number of stenosed arteries, summary degree of stenosis, and their complicity, number of implanted stents. The ﬁ rst three of them were included in the ﬁ nal combination of the stepwise discriminant analysis. The general linear model of the latter detected additionally statistical signiﬁ cance of the variables “MI in the past” (before PCI) and “number of postdilatations“.

Conclusion. In patients with stable ischemic heart disease, included in the study, the determining risk factors for the development of cardiac events were the prevalence and nature of the obstructive lesion of the coronary bed, age, previous myocardial infarction, and especially the performance of PCI. Myocardial damage was not identiﬁ ed as a risk factor for recurrent angina or myocardial infarction.
Valuation of Activation Capabilities of SolidPhase Surfaces by the Rate of Adhesion of Blood Cells
Authors: Kirichuk O. P. , Burkova N. V. , Romanchuk E. V. , Litvinenko E. V. , Kiseleva A. D. , Kuznetsov S. I.
Published: July 2019

When using the method of low-volume hemoperfusion (MOG) in the clinic, the therapeutic effect of which is to implement the mechanisms of hemomodulation and activation of the sorption procedure, it is important to take into account the activation properties of solid-phase granular drugs. Blood-contact interaction was carried out in bench conditions with the use of donated blood in rotary mode. Blood samples were taken before the experiment and after 5, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Changes in blood cell and subcellular populations were evaluated using the Sysmex XT 1800i hematological analyzer (26 parameters), which made it possible to indirectly judge the activation of blood cells. 20 experiments were conducted. To analyze the activation functions of the hemocontact preparation SCT 6A HP, the speed-time adhesive proﬁ le of blood cells on the sorbent was used. The maximum rate of adhesion was noted in the period of “5 min” from the beginning of contact. The rate of adhesion of granulocytes in all time intervals was signiﬁ cantly higher than that of agranulocytes. The adhesion process can be an indicator of the activation of blood cells in contact with foreign surfaces, and serve as an evaluation criterion for the activation capabilities of these surfaces.
Prozdrowotne motywacje biegaczy-amatorów z województwa łódzkiego
Authors: Dobrosz Sara
Published: July 2019

W artykule zostały przedstawione wyniki badania własnego, przeprowadzonego na próbie biegaczy-amatorów z województwa łódzkiego. W badaniu sprawdzano, jakimi motywacjami kierowali się biegacze, rozpoczynając przygodę z tym sportem oraz jak bieganie zmieniło ich życie i stan zdrowia. Badanie zostało wykonane z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety on-line, objęło 101 respondentów, należących do klubów biegacza i społeczności biegaczy z województwa łódzkiego. Wyniki badań wykazały, iż ankietowani, gdy rozpoczynali treningi biegowe, kierowali się głównie przesłankami zdrowotnymi. Bieganie stało się łatwym sposobem na poprawę zdrowia, kondycji czy zredukowanie stresu. Rozpoczęcie przygody z bieganiem zmieniło także ich pozasportową sferę codziennego życia, zmieniły się ich nawyki i przyzwyczajenia; bieganie wniosło do ich życia wiele pozytywnych zmian.
Uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego w obszarze tworzyw sztucznych
Authors: Posłuszny Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

Idea gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego jest jednym z nowych kierunków zmian w dziedzinie zarządzania zorientowanego na poszanowanie środowiska. Szacuje się, że obecnie 95% opakowań z tworzyw sztucznych, wartych około 100 mld USD, jest traconych po pierwszym użyciu. Zamknięcie obiegu tworzyw i wzrost poziomu recyklingu sprzyjać będzie redukcji obciążeń środowiskowych i racjonalizacji kosztów. Gospodarka zamknięta w obszarze tworzyw sztucznych ma jednak dalej idące konsekwencje, dotyczące zmian strukturalnych wśród producentów, przekształceń w łańcuchach tworzenia wartości, procesów substytucji, kierunków inwestycji w zakresie surowców petrochemicznych i struktury handlu zagranicznego. W artykule przedstawiono prognozy i oszacowania najbardziej istotnych skutków – zarówno kosztów, jak i korzyści – implementacji zasad gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego dla podstawowych tworzyw sztucznych oraz dla ich producentów i użytkowników.
Odpowiedzialna konsumpcja w świetle wyników badań
Authors: Teneta-Skwiercz Dorota
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu była identyfikacja postaw wobec ochrony środowiska naturalnego oraz praktykowanych działań prośrodowiskowych. W opracowaniu starano się odpowiedzieć na następujące pytania: Jaki jest poziom świadomości ekologicznej respondentów? W szczególności, czy posiadają wiedzę i wyobraźnię ekologiczną? Jakie jest ich poczucie sprawczości w zakresie indywidualnie podejmowanych działań na rzecz środowiska? Jakie są najważniejsze kryteria dokonywania zakupów? Jakie pozycję w tym zbiorze zajmują kryteria prośrodowiskowe i prospołeczne? Jakie działania na rzecz środowiska podejmują respondenci nw swoim codziennym życiu? Aby odpowiedzieć na powyższe pytania, przeprowadzono badanie sondażowe bezpośrednie ze źródeł pierwotnych wśród studentów trzech wydziałów Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. Badania pokazały, że respondentów cechuje średni poziom świadomości ekologicznej, przy czym u mężczyzn zarówno poziom tej świadomości, jak też poczucie sprawczości indywidualnych działań proekologicznych, są nieznacznie niższe niż u kobiet. I badane kobiety, i mężczyźni podobnie hierarchizują kryteria nabywania produktów. Kryteria prośrodowiskowe postrzegane są przez nich jako mniej istotne. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic miedzy kobietami i mężczyznami w zakresie podejmowanych na rzecz środowiska działań.
Wokół problemów semantycznej kategorii określoności/nieokreśloności i struktury tematyczno-rematycznej w języku bułgarskim i polskim
Authors: Banasiak Jakub
Published: July 2019

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Tłumacz-dokumentalista wobec wyzwań współczesności
Authors: Karpińska Hanna
Published: July 2019

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Znaczenie „Historii Słowianobułgarskiej” Paisija Chilendarskiego dla krytyki historiograficzno-literackiej i jej recepcja w perspektywie diachronicznej
Authors: Zatylnyy Vitaliy
Published: July 2019

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Документи и дела. Една книга за България, издадена в Полша
Authors: Иванова Мая , Ковачева Адриана
Published: July 2019

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Съвременни нагласи към съотношението писмен: устен български език
Authors: Алексова Красимира
Published: July 2019

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Членуването на имената в българския език във функционална перспектива (идеи за преподаването му на чуждестранни студенти българисти)
Authors: Савова Димка
Published: July 2019

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За „българските мозайки” и княгиня Венцислава-Виола в полската литературна и културна памет
Authors: Cимеонова-Конах Галя
Published: July 2019

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Приносът на Иван Богоров към оформянето на българската преса през XIX век
Authors: Церан Лех
Published: July 2019

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Takotsubo syndrome after induction of general anesthesia: three clinical cases
Authors: Klimov A. A. , Buldakov M. Yu. , Gritskevich M. V. , Zabaluev D. A. , Kamnev S. A. , Malakhova A. A. , Novikova E. V. , Osokin Ya. A. , Subbotin V. V.
Published: July 2019

Takotsubo syndrome (stress-induced cardiomyopathy, or apical ballooning syndrome) is a  rare critical condition with approximate incidence of 0.00006% and relatively favorable prognosis. It is characterized by electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia, as well as by severe left ventricular failure with intact coronary vessels. The literature on postoperative development of this disease is scarce. This paper presents three documented cases of takotsubo syndrome with favorable outcomes that developed just after the induction of general anesthesia.
Metatarsalgia as osteoarticular cause of foot dysfunction
Authors: Jastrzębski Paweł , Kaczor Tomasz , Żłobiński Tobiasz , Stolecka-Warzecha Anna , Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara
Published: July 2019

Metatarsalgia – bolesność przodostopia – to określenie, które odnosi się do wszystkich zmian w obrębie śródstopia mających przyczyny anatomiczne lub/i biomechaniczne. Przodostopie (obszar rozciągający się między linią stawów śródstopno-paliczkowych a linią stawów stępowo-śródstopnych) to najczęstsze miejsce występowania objawów bólowych w obrębie stopy. Jest to obszar, w którym może występować kilka objawów powiązanych ze sobą, jak i występujących niezależnie od siebie – od bardziej powierzchownych zmian skórnych, przez stany zapalne tkanek miękkich, po bóle
wywołane uszkodzeniami kości śródstopia lub zmianami w obrębie stawów tej okolicy i ograniczenia funkcji stopy. To jeden z trudniejszych obszarów diagnostycznych z powodu mnogości mogących tu wystąpić schorzeń – od problemów błahych, niewymagających skomplikowanego leczenia, po zmiany wymagające zaopatrzenia ortopedycznego, leczenia onkologicznego, a w niektórych przypadkach nawet amputacji stopy. Skuteczne leczenie pacjenta z metatarsalgią wymaga postawienia trafnej diagnozy, a co za tym idzie często kooperacji całego zespołu terapeutycznego.