bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protecting car engines and controlling their temperature by using shape memory alloy as an automatic mechanical cooling sensor
Authors: H.Y. Imran  , D.L.A. Abdul Majid  , M.F. bin Abdul Hamid  , E.J. binti Abdullah  , S.E. Mohammed  , S. Karunakaran
Published: October 2023

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are smart materials with a dual function as a sensor as well as an actuator that can generate cyclic contraction and extension when exposed to an increasing and decreasing temperature. In this work, the potential of SMA in the form of spring as an actuator that activates a warning system for detecting high temperatures in vehicle engine is investigated. The working principle of SMA spring is it activates thermomechanically to generate linear reciprocating motion as a result of the contraction (heated) and extension (cooled). This unique feature is employed in the design of a new type of smart automatic switch that regulates and controls the temperature of the vehicle engine instead of using conventional sensors such as thermocouple. The smart automatic switch has two poles positive and negative, where the positive pole represents the SMA spring, which is completely immersed in the water of the engine. While the negative pole is the operating shaft that collects all the parts of the smart switch and is installed on the engine body. A lab scale experiment was conducted to analyse the displacements and results shown that contraction of 20 mm can be produced from the SMA spring due to pulling force when the temperature of the engine increases from 50 ℃ to 80 ℃ and the recovery of the SMA spring to the original position can be obtained by the pushing force 0.5 N from a bias spring when the temperature decreased. From this experiment, a design of the smart switch is that can be utilized the shape memory function is presented. The simplified design proposed demonstrates the shape memory alloy as having good potential in automotive applications such as this as it low cost, space saving, silent operation, and simple in design aspect.
Experimental investigation on the effect of process variables for the quality characteristics of AA 2024 processed in cold extrusion
Authors: K.A. Francy  , C.S. Rao
Published: October 2023

Extrusion process has many applications in manufacturing industries due to its ability to produce products of high quality. Extrusion process can be classified into hot extrusion and cold extrusion. The cold forward extrusion is carried out at ambient temperature and  has the additional benefit of improved mechanical characteristics. The metarial is compressed under intense pressure through a die orifice with a specific shape during the extrusion process. This process is effected by a few process variables, including die angle, punch speed, and lubrication are in greater extent towards the extrusion force requirement, microstructure and the product quality. Hence, the present experimental work focuses on extrusion of circular billet to produce cylindrical rod. Studying the behaviour of the material and the importance of the input process parameters during the cold extrusion process is the primary goal of this work. The experiments are carried out with AA 2024 alloy because of its wide applications in navy and  aircraft structures.  The varying die angles (10°, 20° & 30°) as well as punch speed (1.6 mm/min, 3.2 mm/min and 4.8 mm/min) and lubricants (molybdium sulphide (MoS2), zinc stearate and grease) chosen as input parameters. The  out put responses of this extrusion process are extrusion force, displacement, time and surface roughness. Extrusion forces are calculated based on flow stress curves at the locations of greatest elastic deformation. The results shows that increasing the punch speed and die angle increases the extrusion force. The microstructure evolutions and grain refinement at different die angles are examined using electron back scatter diffraction analysis.  At 30° die angle, the microstructure showed grain refinement. It is also noted that the damage is significant at 30° die angle with a punch speed  above  4.8 mm/min.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal and dynamic behavior of a heated vortex multijet system impacting a flat plate
Authors: A. Zerrout  , L. Loukarfi
Published: October 2023

This study concerns the experimental and numerical study of the thermal and dynamic behavior of a configuration of a system of vortex jets impacting a flat plate, The objective of this study is to study the behavior of the thermal and dynamic field of vortex blowing of hot air from a multi-jet system impacting a flat plate. The experimental test bench comprising a support of three diffusers of diameter D, impacting the perpendicular plate. A uniform inlet temperature (T, T, T) is imposed such that the impact height H = 4D. The vortex is obtained by a vortex generator made up of 12 fins arranged at 60° from the vertical, placed just at the outlet of the diffuser. A thermo-anemometer device, to measure the blowing temperature at the point in question. The system was numerically simulated by the fluent code using a k-ε RNG turbulence model. It should be noted that the multi-jet system first appears as a free jet: going from the injection orifice to the impact zone, the axial velocity weakens, the jet undergoes considerable deflection, this is the deflection zone the velocities become mainly radial and the thickness of the boundary layer increases radially: this is the parietal flow zone, the structure of the velocity field has two zones of intense deflection with a wall jet on both sides other, favoring a good development of the resulting jet. The results show that this configuration (T, T, T) gave a better optimized distribution of temperature and velocity on the surface of the plate. This homogenization of the temperatures results from a better thermal transfer of the plate.The k-ε RNG model gave acceptable results, which coincide with those of the experimental results.
Análisis comparativo de optimización de hiperparámetros por búsqueda en grilla y algoritmos genéticos para forecasting de XGBoost en ventas online
Authors: Pinzon Villanueva Leizy Melissa
Published: October 2023

En el presente estudio, se plantea un análisis comparativo de la optimización de los hiperparámetros utilizados en el modelo XGBoost para el pronóstico de unidades de venta con una serie de tiempo de ventas de comercio electrónico, utilizando la búsqueda en grilla y algoritmos genéticos. La búsqueda en grilla se realiza con el fin de comparar el desempeño de ambos métodos de optimización en su rendimiento con la métrica R^2 y los tiempos de ejecución, tomando el conjunto de datos de ventas, tratándolo, e implementando el modelo XGBoost con sus hiperparámetros por defecto y luego aplicando las optimizaciones en 6 hiperparámetros definidos en dos grupos con diferentes valores, para proceder con la comparación. Los resultados muestran que la búsqueda en grilla funciona mejor para la optimización en el conjunto de datos utilizado, dando un resultado del 69.24%, mientras que el algoritmo genético no logra llegar a una predicción efectiva, lo que abre la puerta a explorar otras librerías de algoritmos evolutivos que puedan aportar a la investigación.
La pandemia en la vida de los jóvenes: efectos, perspectivas y prospectivas
Authors: Oswaldo Ochoa Oscar , Navarrete Flórez Diana Sofía
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico, llevada a cabo durante los últimos meses del 2021 que tuvo como objetivo comprender los principales efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre el empleo, la educación y la perspectiva del futuro, en los estudiantes de último grado de la Escuela Normal Superior Santiago de Tunja (ENSST). Este estudio muestra algunas soluciones a las problemáticas vivenciadas y que han sido planteadas para que puedan ser desarrolladas y disminuir las brechas existentes. Como resultados se pueden observar algunas perspectivas de los problemas sociales de los estudiantes, los efectos de salud mental en los jóvenes y la situación académica de diversas comunidades, para llegar a la conclusión de que la educación es un medio para mejorar la calidad de vida y disminuir los problemas del contexto a nivel nacional e internacional.
The Effects of Taxpayer Education Programs on Voluntary Tax Compliance amongst SMEs in the Fast Foods Industry in Zimbabwe: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Chigaga Billiat
Published: October 2023

This literature review critically assesses the impact of taxpayer education programs on tax compliance by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe's fast-food industry. Given the sector's economic importance, the study aims to synthesize existing research on how these programs affect SMEs' understanding of tax regulations, awareness of compliance benefits, and intentions to comply. It systematically analyses methodologies, findings, and limitations of prior studies, employing meta-analysis for quantitative research and qualitative assessment for deeper insights. This review highlights the potential of taxpayer education to enhance voluntary tax compliance among SMEs in Zimbabwe's fast-food industry. Its findings have implications for policymakers, tax authorities, and practitioners seeking to improve tax compliance strategies. These insights can inform more tailored and effective educational interventions, ultimately benefiting government revenue, business sustainability, and economic growth in Zimbabwe.
The Meaning of the Good Faith Principle
Authors: Kullolli Brunela
Published: October 2023

The definition of good faith, which is difficult to define since it is vague, is covered in this paper before giving a thorough summary of the idea. The next section of the essay summarizes Good Faith throughout history, noting how its meaning has changed through time. The problematic facets of the idea of "Good Faith" are discussed in the third section of the essay. This section examines how the difference between objective and subjective notions of trust, which poses a challenge in any society, is problematic for various legal systems. Similarly, the fourth part of the study examines the applicability of Good Faith in contract law and as a concept of contractual interpretation. In countries with civil law, it is maintained that there is a general need to bargain in good faith; however, the specifics of this requirement vary depending on the specific legal system. The centrality of the idea of good faith in numerous legal, philosophical, and moral situations is highlighted in this paper's conclusion. Acting in good faith is crucial for upholding trust and fairness in our interactions with others, despite much controversy surrounding its definition and understanding. In contrast to some professors' opinions that the word "in good faith" should be enforced in order to preserve precedent, it might be more appropriate to publicly authorize which the court may modify, supplement, and bolster the code as required. Despite the fact that there have been disagreements about it, Albania must further establish the good faith thesis. This calls for discussions between lawyers and academics as well as the development of civil procedure..
The Spectra and the Duration of Low Vowels in Standard Lithuanian and Latvian
Authors: Kaukėnienė Lidija
Published: October 2023

This article analyses the quantity and quality features of the stressed and unstressed short and long low vowel phonemes [a] and [e] in Standard Lithuanian and Latvian, focussing on Lithuanian and Latvian trisyllabic words. This choice was dictated by the need to analyse the vowels in different positions, i.e., stressed, pre-accented, and post-accented. The spectra and duration of pre-accented and post-accented [a] and [e] were compared with those of the corresponding stressed vowels. The analysis is based on empirical research methods including the method of variational statistics. The article embraces synchronic, experimental, descriptive, and comparative approaches.The results of the investigation showed that the stressed and unstressed [a] and [e] differ in the Lithuanian and Latvian languages. Among stressed vowels, [e] demonstrates the greatest differences in acoustic and articulatory characteristics. The stressed Lithuanian [e] demonstrates greater diffusion (it is closer), higher timbre, and more advanced frontness than the Latvian equivalents. The Lithuanian [e·] is of lower timbre and more retracted back; [a] is of higher timbre and more front than the equivalent Latvian sounds. The [a] variants are more compact (open) than the Latvian vowels.The Lithuanian unstressed [e·], [e], [a·] are more diffuse (closer), of higher timbre, and show more retracted front than the equivalent Latvian vowels. Among unstressed vowels of the investigated languages, it is [a] that differs least in its acoustic and articulatory characteristics. The averages of the formants of Lithuanian unstressed vowels are closer to the frequencies of the neutral [ǝ]; less distinct qualitative characteristics of all long and short unstressed vowels were observed. The qualitative characteristics of Latvian unstressed vowels are more distinct. Their articulation is more precise and clearer. In both languages, the long stressed vowels [a] and [e] almost do not differ in their duration. The Lithuanian stressed long vowels are a little longer. In Standard Latvian, in nearly all positions, the long unstressed variants [a] and [e] are considerably longer than in Standard Lithuanian.The qualitative reduction of Lithuanian unstressed long vowels is significantly greater than it is in the Latvian language. That is why, in Lithuanian, the duration contrast between long stressed and long unstressed vowels is stronger than in Latvian. The duration of the short stressed and unstressed vowels [a] and [e] differs imperceptibly.
“An Artist With Trauma” in Search of Identity: The Postmodernist Options in Ukrainian and Turkish Literatures
Authors: Halchuk Oksana
Published: October 2023

The article examines the typological features of the image of an artist with trauma and its correlation with the issue of identity. The subjet matter for the analysis are the novels My Name is Red by O. Pamuk and The City with Chimeras by O. Ilchenko. The article utilises historical-literary, comparative, and mythopoetic research methods and studies of traumatic writing and identity problems. The article defines the characteristic features of the image of a traumatised artist, such as the artist's stay in a traumatic situation of creative and personal crisis, fanatical worship of the idea of serving Beauty with a dominance of the aesthetic over the moral, willingness to justify death as a form of convincing opponents; the presence of a physical injury. The article also substantiates the expediency of Medusa Gorgona’s image as a mythos-archetypal counterpart of this image. The results of the comparative analysis prove that an artist with trauma is relevant primarily for the artistic understanding of the post-colonial experience as a type of trauma. Their heroes are in search of identity. It becomes their successful or unsuccessful attempt to overcome the trauma through creativity.
Klejnoty i odzież w świetle kobiecych testamentów szlacheckich z terenu Wielkopolski (XVII wiek)
Authors: Strojwąs Klaudia
Published: October 2023

During the Old Polish period, wills of the nobility were made to transfer property to the beneficiary heirs, revealing evident family relationships. The testators frequently included the record regarding movable possessions, e. g., such as jewels and clothing. The wills of noblewomen show that women had movable assets intended for children, grandchildren, husbands, or siblings. The jewels and clothing mentioned in the records to testified their financial standing. Among the most commonly traded precious items are gold and silver, including chains, pearls, rings, bracelets, and earrings. The wills included various types of outerwear such as coats, cloaks, yupkas, and undergarments such as dresses, skirts and alamodes. Headgear, including caps, hems, and clasps, were also often mentioned in testaments. The testators also had clothing accessories, such as belts, dress sleeves, aprons, cottons, and silver or gilded buttons.
Elvira Sastre’s Translation of 'milk and honey' (2015) by rupi kaur into Spanish: Considerations on Feminism and Ethos
Authors: Ferrero Sabrina Solange
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on Elvira Sastre’s Spanish translation of milk and honey (2015), a collection of poetry by the Indo-Canadian (Insta)poet, rupi kaur1. Our exploration is based on insights from various critics who have recognized the feminist force of kaur’s English original (Deka 2020). Approaching these verses through a gynocritical lens, we draw upon the perspectives of Tanvir Islam (2020) and the insights provided by Tarigan et al. (2021). Guided by a transnational feminist framework of translation (Castro and Spoturno 2020), our analysis extends to the examination of the ethos (Amossy 2010) associated with the enunciative subject responsible for the Spanish rendition, titled otras maneras de usar la boca (2017). Our investigation uncovers that while the translator’s ethos may be characterized as feminist based on the analysis of the prior ethos, the translated text unveils aspects of discursive modalities that challenge this characterization.
THE STUDY OF PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF microRNAs (miR-10b AND -155) AND CDKN2A/P16INK4A IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Kravets О. , Burtyn O. , Borikun T. , Rossylna O.
Published: October 2023

Background. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Disco- vering novel prognostic markers for OSCC can improve treatment outcomes by allowing for more effective therapy strategies. Aim. To identify the prognostic value of CDKN2A (p16INK4a) and miRNAs involved in its regulation as markers of OSCC. Materials and Methods. The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 70 patients with stage II—IV OSCC. miR-10b, -155, and CDKN2A mRNA expression in tumor samples was ana- lyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 proteins was determined immunohistochemically. Results. No association of CDKN2A mRNA and p16INK4a protein with Ki-67 expression in tumor tissue and clinical pathological parameters of OSCC patients was found. Most of the p16INK4a-positive cases were characterized by a high Ki-67 expression. We found a strong correlation of the studied miRNAs expression levels with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.56 for miR-10b and r = 0.59 for miR-155). Also, there was no difference in miR-10b and -155 expression between p16INK4a+ and p16INK4a– samples. The association of both miRNAs with lymph node metastases was not affected by p16INK4a status. Conclusions. The results indicate the relationship between miR-10b and -155 and the presence of lymph node metastases in OSCC patients, so these miRNAs can be considered as prognostic markers of the disease.
Integrated Studies of Electrophysical Processes in Steam Turbines
Authors:   Anatolii Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NAS of Ukraine, Tarelin Anatolii O. , Weres Oleh ,   Geobrinelab
Published: October 2023

The paper deals with comprehensive research in the field of electrization of wet steam flow in a turbine. The experience of the conducted studies on laboratory stands and full-scale objects (CHP and TPP) in Ukraine and the USA is introduced and generalized. It was shown that in the process of steam electrization, the charge density in the flow can reach very high values (an order of magnitude appears to be higher than in a thundercloud), and this phenomenon mainly has a negative effect on the turbine operation. Statistical data on the charge formation of the steam flow in the low-pressure cylinder of the turbine are presented. Results of the research to establish the main electrophysical factors of influence on the surface strength of the blade, such as electric fields, charge density and their polarity, are presented. The research results showed that such factors as the presence of a positively charged steam flow, constant and variable electric fields, which were most often recorded at operating turbines of CHPs and TPPs, significantly (by two or more times) intensify erosion-corrosion processes on the metal surfaces of the blades, thus reducing their working resource. Thermodynamic processes are studied both under conditions of natural electrification of a high-speed flow, which reduce the efficiency by about 0.3–0.35%, and under the influence of artificially created electric charges, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of the steam expansion process in the turbine by 2 or more percent. Various options of local input of electrical energy for steam ionization in the turbine are considered. At the same time, it is noted that for the practical implementation of these approaches, further careful design improvements and tests on model and full-scale installations are required. Water chemistry regimes are also considered in the context of their influence on the flow charge formation process, as well as on reliability and efficiency indicators of the turbine. Experimentally at an 800 MW turbine plant in the USA, it was shown that a change in the pH of the medium affects the intensity and polarity of the charge formation of the steam flow. The paper introduces the physical features of this phenomenon and notes the importance of these processes influence on the strength characteristics of the blades. Information on new methods and technologies that could lead to an increase in the operational efficiency and reliability of wet steam turbines, such as methods for input and removal of electrical energy into the flow; rational choice of water chemistry regimes; space charge neutralization, etc., is provided. These comprehensive electrophysical studies, considered in conjunction with thermal processes, can be characterized as a new scientific direction in the theory of steam turbines – thermal electrophysics.
Implementation of a Children’s Hospital Acute Care Behavior Response Team
Authors: Statile Angela M. , Schweer Michael , Herrmann Lisa , Warniment Amanda , Duncan Marykay , Demeritt Brenda , Keehn Krista , Daraiseh Nancy M. , Edwards Randall , Whitesell Kimberly , Lin Li , Brown D’arrell , Muth Alison , Sorensen Rena , Hill Adam , Simmons Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Pediatric patients with behavioral needs are frequently admitted to the hospital for medical care; when behavioral crises occur, patients and staff are at risk for injury. Our aim was to implement a behavior response team (BRT) to increase the days between employee injury due to aggressive patient interactions on the inpatient medical units from 99 to 150 over 1 year.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary team used quality improvement methods to design and implement the BRT system that includes 2 options: huddle to proactively plan for patients exhibiting early signs of escalation and STAT for immediate help for patients with imminent risk of harm to self or others. Using run and statistical process control charts, we tracked events per month, days between Occupational Safety & Health Administration-recordable events, and violent restraint use over time for 1 year after implementation. Staff pre and postimplementation surveys were compared to assess staff perception of safety and support provided by the BRT intervention.

RESULTS

The BRT was implemented across the inpatient system in July 2020, with an average number of 13 events per month. Days between Occupational Safety & Health Administration-recordable events remained stable with a maximum of 134 days. Restraint use remained stable at 0.74 per 1000 patient days. The perception of behavioral support available to staff increased significantly pre to postsurvey.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of a BRT can improve staff perception of support and confidence in safely caring for patients with behavior needs on the inpatient medical unit, although additional provider- and system-level improvements are needed to prevent employee injuries.
Tourism in Ukrainian frontline communities: trends, challenges, and development prospects
Authors: Reimann Mart , Kornus Olesia H. , Patsiuk Viktoriia S. , Venherska Natalia S. , Kholodok Valentyna D. , Palang Hannes
Published: October 2023

In Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s military aggression, tourism has suffered significant losses, and in regions close to or where hostilities are ongoing, it has ceased operations altogether. However, there are many examples in the world where countries have recovered quickly and successfully developed after armed conflicts. Given this, it is necessary to study foreign experience in restoring tourism and to develop the author’s own scientific and practical recommendations for further tourism development in wartime and post-war. The purpose of the article is to highlight new trends and peculiarities in the tourism sphere of the frontline communities of Ukraine (Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Sumy, Kharkiv, and Donetsk regions) during the war and to develop the author’s recommendations for its further development, taking into account the primary data of a sociological survey of tourism rep- resentatives. The study was based on the results of a sociological survey of tourism business owners, employees of tourist infrastructure and attractions, representatives of tourism NGOs, and executive authorities coordinating tourism activities in the frontline territories of Ukraine. The respondents were 144 people from 5 regions of Ukraine: Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, and Kharkiv regions. The sociological survey was conducted from February 2 to 15, 2023 by Estonian (Tallinn University) and Ukrainian scientists with the support of the Estonian Research Agency. The purpose of the survey was to identify the peculiarities of the state of Ukrainian frontline communities and the tourism business in the context of the war and prospects for the future. The sociological survey was conducted using the Google form tool on various areas of tourism business activity, such as the peculiarities of the tourism business before the war, the types of tourism practiced in the community before the outbreak of hostilities, changes in tourism after the outbreak of hostilities, problems and threats to the tourism business, prospects and opportunities for tourism development after the war, the greatest benefits for the community in terms of tourism business development during the war and the post-war period, participation in tourism clusters, and the development of tourism business in the community. The computer programs Microsoft Excel 2010, Adobe Photoshop 2021, and the program SPSS Statistics V21.0 were used for calculations, computations, and graphical constructions. Based on the results of the survey, we suggest ways to restore tourism in the frontline communities of Ukraine after the war.
STEAM Integration of Arts and Math in Kindergarten
Authors: Galabova Darinka , Ruseva Iskra
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the essence of the approach to the integration of arts and mathematics and its role in the formation of the universal 4K skills (creativity, communication, cooperation, criticality) in children of preschool age. A comparison of STEM and STEAM is made, describing their methods for forming the four groups of skills of the 4K system. Three types of curricula are distinguished in which art is used as an end or a means of learning. A model of the integration of arts and mathematics to develop creative and active personalities is presented. Ideas and examples of thematic projects for the integration of visual and theatrical activities in the teaching of mathematics in kindergarten are given.
Electronic money, cryptocurrencies and payment systems: some trends in the legal regulation in the context of digitalization of public finance
Authors: Alisov Ievgenii
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to certain legal aspects of the impact of the FinTech-industry on public finance. The emergence of new various financial services and instruments requires their appropriate legal assessment and effective legal regulation. Despite numerous publications and scientific studies of various aspects of the manifestation and application of FinTech, The Theory of legal regulation of digital finance is at the initial stage of its formation and is fragmented.

The paper reviews special literature, devoted to the problems of legal regulation of virtual assets and related payment services. It emphasizes the need to observe a balanced conservative nature of legal regulation of financial relations in the context of the introduction of digital financial technologies, taking into account the tasks of protecting both public interests and ones of individuals. Based on the analysis of the current legislation, trends towards breaking the state issue monopoly due to the introduction of electronic money in the economy are revealed.

The conclusions and theoretical generalizations are presented, the main of which are: 1) cryptocurrencies as alternative units of account pose a threat to the dominance of public currencies, as they make competition between private financial agents and states and their associations possible; 2) the issue of legal assessment of cryptocurrencies has not yet been finally resolved, including their legal nature remains debatable; 3) in its essence, electronic money is a kind of "electronic bill", but does not meet the formal characteristics of such a security; 4) there is a tendency to weaken the imperativeness of legal regulation of the sphere of monetary circulation fundamental for public finances by ensuring local rule-making within individual payment systems
Mediation in diplomatic conflicts. Examples from Latin America
Authors: Zhomartkyzy Maria
Published: October 2023

Mediation plays a key role in resolving diplomatic conflicts, especially in regions where established relations between countries are of strategic importance. The article explores the importance and effectiveness of mediation in the region by looking at specific cases of their use.
Over the past decades, Latin America has faced many diplomatic disputes related to borders, trade, resources and other important issues. In such a context, mediation has shown its ability to resolve conflicts through third party mediation. The article analyzes successful examples of mediation, such as the resolution of border conflicts between Colombia and Venezuela, and the peaceful settlement of trade agreement disputes between Chile and Peru.
Special attention is paid to the role of mediators and their strategies in overcoming protracted and acute controversies. The importance of neutrality, trust and diplomatic skill in mediation processes is emphasized. In addition, the article analyzes the impact of mediation on long-term relations between countries, emphasizing the positive results in cooperation and reduction of tensions.
By analyzing case studies, the authors emphasize that mediation plays a key role in resolving complex tensions between countries. The article emphasizes the role of mediators and the strategies they use to achieve successful outcomes. Neutrality, trust and diplomatic skill are highlighted as important components of successful mediation.
In the context of Latin America, a region with many diplomatic disputes, the article analyzes examples of successful mediation, such as the resolution of border conflicts and trade disputes. These practical cases confirm mediation's ability to alleviate tensions and promote peaceful conflict resolution
Finally, the article emphasizes that mediation plays an important role in peace and stability in Latin America by facilitating the resolution of diplomatic conflicts. The article's examination of successful practical examples of mediation demonstrates that this method has great potential for resolving complex international disputes and enabling interaction and cooperation between states in the region and beyond.
The main conclusion of the article is that mediation has significant potential for application in diplomatic conflicts in Latin America. It helps to create conditions for cooperation between countries and supports stability in the region. Examining successful case studies and analyzing mediators' strategies makes the article relevant and informative for researchers, diplomats and anyone interested in international relations and conflict resolution
REGULATION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD. PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF POSTBIOTICS AS FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: Kapustian A. , Cherno N. , Naumenko K. , Gural L. , Osolina S.
Published: October 2023

Functional food allows to individualize the characteristics and necessities of each person. Over the past few decades, the demand for products that have a positive impact on human health has exploded worldwide. The market for functional foods in developed countries is estimated at USD 300 billion, which makes this sector attractive for investment. Accordingly, the production of functional foods and ingredients needs to be regulated at the state level. There is no harmonization in the definitions of functional foods and their classification at both the global and state levels. Despite the fact that the concept and terminology of functional food and the means of achieving it is well-established, the term “functional food” is often absent in the legislative acts of countries that actively produce functional foods, and the term “health-related food” is used instead. As a rule, health-related foods are subject to quality and safety requirements that are identical to those of conventional food products. Exceptions are regulations that establish rules for labeling FFPs and statements regarding their physiological effects or the content of a particular ingredient that may affect physiological aspects. In Europe and the USA, much attention is paid to the safety of “health-related food” and the novel food products. European Food Safety Authority and the US Food and Drug Administration require sponsors to submit information on the composition of multiple batches of a product to support safety evaluations for novel foods and Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) ingredients. In Ukraine, the legal status of the terms “functional food product” and dietary supplement was regulated by Law of Ukraine 771 “On Basic Principles and Requirements for Food Safety and Quality”, but in the version of this law dated 16.01.2020, this term was excluded, the term “dietary supplement” was edited and the term “novel food product or ingredient” was included, which is related to the process of harmonization of Ukrainian and European legislation in the food sector. In 2020, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine approved Order No. 1145 “On Approval of the Requirements for Nutrition Claims and Health Claims for Food Products”, which regulates the following concepts: claims and conditions for their use; health claims allowed to be used in food labeling and advertising, except for claims about reducing the risk of diseases and claims related to the development and health of children; claims about reducing the risk of diseases and claims related to the development and health of children. Unfortunately, Ukrainian regulations do not contain claims and conditions for the use of claims about pro- and prebiotics that have GRAS status worldwide. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of using postbiotics as functional food ingredients with immunological activity.
Approbation of Emergency Education Strategies for Internally Displaced Ukrainian Children under the Martial Law Conditions
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Kolomiiets Alla M. , Gromov Ievgen V. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Brovchak Liudmyla S. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Babchuk Yuriy M. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Tertychna Taisiia D. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to test the first two stages of the simplified model of emergency education (elaborated by P. Aguilar, G. Retamal, and K. Triplehorn) under martial law conditions on the relatively safe territory of Ukraine. The study embraced 52 children from internally displaced families, 6 teachers, 3 practical psychologists and 12 pedagogical university students. Work with children was organised by students’ self-government members under the guidance of pedagogical teachers and professional psychologists. Based on the emergency education model, the authors developed a method of organising recreational therapy for internally displaced school-aged children evacuated from war zones. In order to assess the effectiveness of the organised activities, the «Test of differential self-assessment of functional state» was used to determine the level of children’s indices of well-feeling, activity and mood (WAM-questionnaire). The results of the surveys before and after the experiment showed that the developed method of organising the recreational therapy of internally displaced children contributed to significant positive changes in their emotional, psychological and functional state. The reported redistribution of indices clearly illustrates the significance of those changes.
Consequences of Restrictive Measures , and Not the Illness Itself, Predict Perceived Deterioration in the Quality of Daily Lives Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Parents of School-Aged Children
Authors:   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia, Brkljačić Tihana , Topić Marina Kotrla ,   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia, Brajša-Žganec Andreja ,   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia, Džida Marija ,   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia, Lipovčan Ljiljana Kaliterna ,   Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyse parents’ perception of the pandemic’s impact on their daily lives, considering experienced stressful COVID-19-related events, and effect on the condition of family members. A total of 1072 triads (mother, father, and child) participated in the study. We assessed the perceived changes in daily lives due to the pandemic and the occurrence of seven stressful COVID-19 events (for both parents) and positive and negative affective states experienced in the last few weeks (for both parents and their children). Fathers who were prohibited from doing their job or experienced a decrease in income during the pandemic were more likely to perceive greater negative changes in the quality of their daily lives. Mothers’ perception of negative changes was associated with decreased income, death of a close person, self-isolation and the father’s negative affect. Personal or child experience of the COVID-19 infection did not contribute to the explanation of the variance of perceived deterioration in daily lives in none of the samples.
Self-Concept as a Correlate of Aggressive Behaviour among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Ajiboye Samuel Kolawole
Published: October 2023

Aggressive behaviour is a menace that has lasting consequences on the victims and the perpetrator, which could result in school avoidance, poor academic performance, dropout, and others. Thus, the study investigated the correlation between self-concept and aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 720, with 386 male and 334 female participants. An instrument titled “Self-concept and Aggressive Behaviour Questionnaire (SABQ)” was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was subjected to test-retest reliability, and a value of r=77 was obtained. The research questions were answered using mean summation and average, while the hypotheses were tested with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and the t-test statistics. The results revealed a low level of self-concept among respondents; males have a lower self-concept than female undergraduate students. There was a high level of aggressive behaviour among respondents; males have more aggressive behaviour than females. There was significant mean difference between male and female respondents in their self-concept and aggressive behaviour. It was recommended that school guidance counsellors design and implement programmes that could enhance self-concept and reduce aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students of universities.
Exploring the Effects of Metacognitive Strategy on EFL Students’ Listening Performance in Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia, Episiasi  , Mujiyanto Januarius ,   Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia, Suwandi  ,   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Indonesia, Hartono Rudi ,   Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

This study aims to describe the effects of metacognitive strategy on students’ listening performance. The quasi-experimental design was employed. The participants were Indonesian undergraduate learners majoring in English education programs. Listening tests and close-response questionnaires were used for collecting the data. The results revealed a significant effect on listening performance after being tutored by using a metacognitive strategy. It also revealed that seven factors affecting students’ difficulties in the listening comprehension process covered comprehension process, linguistic features, psychology, lack of concentration, listeners’ problem, speakers’ problem, and environmental factors. Findings underlined that metacognitive strategy effectively increased EFL students’ listening performance.
Reception of History in the Poem of D. Tumanny (N. N. Panov) The House in Sverdlovsk (1926)
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Podlubnova Yulia S.
Published: October 2023

This article examines the poem The House in Sverdlovsk (1926) by the futurist presentist and constructivist Dir Tumanny (pseudonym of Nikolai Nikolayevich Panov) as a fact of reception of the death of the Russian Emperor Nicholas Romanov and his family in the summer of 1918 in Ekaterinburg. Also, the author of the article considers the poem as a complex artistic statement reflecting and scaling the sense of history inherent both in the hero of the poem and the lyrical epic narrator and the author himself. In the space of the “Romanov text”, D. Tumanny’s poem is a unique precedent starting from the death of the tsar and his family but focusing not so much on it as a historical fact only but on the present modeled according to the Komfut ideals as a combination of the technocratic utopia of futurism and the social utopia of socialism and endowed with historical significance. However, the true content of The House in Sverdlovsk is the author’s dialogue with the powerful artistic tradition. Characteristic of the lyrical epic poem of Pushkin’s time and a completely outdated Byronic hero makes a pilgrimage to the Ipatiev House and is immediately replaced by pictures of Sverdlovsk being built (which becomes another hero of the poem). The features of a novella are combined with the optics of a travelogue essay, and Pushkin’s abundant intertext (the epigraph, allusions, and specific stylistic devices including the usage of the octave and referring to The House in Kolomna, Eugene Onegin, The Stone Guest, and The Fountain of Bakhchisarai) is only the upper layer of a deeper poetic adherence to Pushkin’s tradition. It is the playful focus of the author of the poem who presented the pilgrimage as an anecdote that reduces the reception of a historical event and in some way deprives it of historical status and even more so than the ideological guidelines of Soviet historiography which D. Tumanny undoubtedly adopted.
“Union of Earth and Water”: Blocking of the Scheldt by the Republic of the United Provinces in 1587–1795
Authors:   Institute of World History Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shatokhina-Mordvintseva Galina A.
Published: October 2023

This article considers the blocking of the Scheldt River mouth, i.e., the blockade of navigation on the Lower Scheldt between Antwerp and the sea. Organized by the Republic of the United Provinces during the war between the Netherlands and Spain in the late sixteenth century, it continued throughout the entire existence of the Republic. The blockade had a significant impact on the development of the United Provinces’ (first of all, on the province of Zeeland) economy and affected the economy of the Southern Netherlands, mainly Antwerp, becoming one of the reasons for the decline of this once powerful centre of trade. At the turn of the twenty-first century, studying new materials, Dutch and Belgian researchers gradually returned to examining the blockade of the Scheldt, which had not been sufficiently studied so far. As for national historiography, this article is the first attempt at covering this topic. The author briefly outlines the background of the “blockade” of the Scheldt and traces how it was legally formed based on contractual acts of the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries. She describes the purpose of the blockade of the river mouth and the mechanism for regulating navigation in its lower part. The blockade of the Scheldt mouth prevented vessels from freely passing the Lower Scheldt to and from the southern Dutch ports, but this did not mean the blockade of trade. It was about changing its rules: the introduction of mandatory transshipment of goods in the ports of Zeeland from ships of the Southern Netherlands to Dutch lighters that delivered goods along the Scheldt to Antwerp. The Dutch forts of Lillo and Liefkenshoek played an important role in admitting ships to Antwerp and levying taxes for the Republic’s treasury. Using visual material — a map of the first half of the seventeenth century by Willem Blaeu — the article gives an idea of the Scheldt near Antwerp and the South Dutch fortifications located along the banks.