bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Self Care Pada Pasien Pasca Stroke di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu Semarang
Authors: Puri Ayu Martha , Setyawan Dody
Published: February 2021

Stroke merupakan suatu kegawatan yang menyerang neurologis secara mendadak yang menjadi salah satu penyebab kecacatan dan kematian tertinggi di dunia. Pasien pasca stroke harus melakukan self care untuk mencegah rehospitalisasi, komplikasi, dan stroke berulang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran self carepada pasien pasca stroke. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian survei deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Responden penelitian ini adalah 79 pasien pasca stroke yang berobat jalan di Puskesmas Kedungmundu Semarang. Data diambil dengan menggunakan Kuesioner Self Care Paska Stroke dan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari setengah responden memiliki self careyang baik (57%) dan kurang baik (43%).Peneliti menyarankan bahwa tenaga kesehatan harus secara aktif berkolaborasi dengan pasien pasca stroke untuk memberikan motivasi dalam melakukan perawatan diri.Stroke is a sudden onset of neurological attack which is one of the highest causes of disability and death in the world. Post-stroke patients must do self-care to prevent rehospitalization, complications, and recurrent stroke. The aim of this research is to know the overview of self care in post-stroke patients. This research used a quantitative descriptive survey research. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Respondents of this study were 79 post-stroke patients who outpatient in Puskesmas Kedungmundu Semarang. The data was taken by using the Questionnaire Self Care Post Stroke and was analyzed by using descriptive statistic. The result showed that more than half of the respondents have good self care (57%) and less good (43%). Researchers suggest that paramedics have to actively collaborate with post stroke patients to provide motivation in doing selfcar
PENGARUH INTERVENSI KEPERAWATAN BERBASIS MODEL KONSEPTUAL LEVINE TERHADAP KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN FRAKTUR
Authors: Siregar Henrianto Karolus , Tanjung Dudut , Sitepu Nunung Febriany
Published: February 2021

Fracture is the discontinuity of bone tissues according to their types and areas. Intervention for recovering fractured patients is done by using Levine theory. The objective of the research was to identify the influence of Levine conceptual model based-intervention on anxiety. The research used quasi-experimental method with equivalent control group design. The samples were 52 respondents, 26 of them were in the intervention group ad the other 26 of them were in the control group, taken by using consecutive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using paired t-test and independent t-test. The result of the research showed that there the influence of Levine conceptual model based-intervention program on anxiety before and after the intervention at p-value=0.000 (p<0.05). There was the difference of this type of intervention from hospital standard nursing intervention at p-value = 0.000 (p<0.5). The conclusion that there was the influence of Levine conceptual model based-intervention program on anxiety. It is recommended that this type of nursing intervention be used as a part of independent nursing intervention to help handle on anxiety of fractured patients.
Life Changes of the Elderly After Earthquake: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors:   Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khankeh Hamid Reza , Ahmadi Shokoufeh ,   Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sahaf Robab ,   Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Dalvandi Asghar ,   Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseini Seyed Ali ,   Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: The growth of the elderly population, on the one hand, and the increase in exposure to accidents and disasters, on the other hand, have highlighted the attention on the issues of the older adults in disasters. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the lives of the elderly after the earthquake. Materials and Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. The study data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In total, 26 participants were interviewed in this study, including 4 specialists (an accident and disaster specialist, an elderly specialist, a psychologist, a social worker), 18 older adults, and 4 caregivers of the older adults. The data collection and data analysis process were performed simultaneously, and the Granheim and Lundman approach was used in this regard. Results: In this study, two main categories were found about changes in the lives of the elderly after the earthquake: re-victimization and post-accident growth. Re-victimization category consisted of the subcategories of “increased dependency”, “declining physical and mental health”, “poverty and deprivation”, and “avoidance of work and family activities”, and post-accident growth included the subcategories of “individual growth”, “self-regulatory behaviors”, and “reinforcing the houses”. Conclusion: Clarifying the nature and life changes of the elderly after the earthquake can enhance the knowledge of service providers. This information helps them make the necessary plans to prevent and reduce the problems that the elderly face after the earthquak
International Agreements on Disaster Risk Management Based on World Conferences, Successful or Not: A Review Study
Authors:   Research Center of Health in Emergency and Disasters, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Delshad Vahid , Pourvakhshoori Negar ,   Research Center of Health in Emergency and Disasters, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rajabi Elham ,   Research Center of Health in Emergency and Disasters, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bazyar Jafar ,   Research Center of Health in Emergency and Disasters, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khankeh Hamid Reza ,   Research Center of Health in Emergency and Disasters, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: At the end of the 19th century, international communities have realized the necessity of global planning and cooperation. Accordingly, worldwide meetings have been organized for several years. This study aims to assess the achievement of predetermined objectives by international conferences in the field of risk management. Materials and Methods: The search for articles and documents was done using several keywords of "international meetings", "Sendai", "Hyogo", and "Yokohama" in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar databases. Also, the risk management domain websites such as FEMA, UNISDR, and EM-Date were searched. Results: Three Disaster World Conferences have been organized, hosted by Japan: Yokohama 1994, Kobe 2005, and Sendai 2015. They proposed strategies and prioritized actions for managing disaster risk, reducing the risk of disasters, and coping with disasters. In the second and third conferences, as requested by the United Nations (UN General Assembly), the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) helped as the coordinating body. Conclusion: Reducing the risks of disasters is a global issue, which needs international cooperation. Therefore, all countries should take steps to achieve disaster risk reduction goals. Since declaraions, documents, resolutions, and conferences do not impose an obligation on countries in this regard, the success rate of the programs is dependent on voluntary international cooperation. Moreover, while we do not expect that outcomes of these international agreements related to disaster risk reduction be achieved at the scheduled time plan, strengthening the international cooperation of the countries to facilitate the improvement of actions and programs would be effective.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Sperm Parameters in Men With Idiopathic Infertility
Authors:   Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mokhtari Gholam Reza , Esmaeili Samaneh ,   Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Zeinali Moghaddam Mahsa Mahsa ,   Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Ghanbari Atefeh ,   Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Several studies have reported that cigarette smoking affects sperm parameters, especially semen quality, but their results are contradictory. Objective: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the relationship of sperm parameters with smoking in men with idiopathic infertility. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1744 infertile men with at least one year of idiopathic infertility. They were divided into two groups of smokers (n=379) and non-smokers (n=1365) according to their smoking habits and based on their inclusion and exclusion criteria. The semen analysis was extracted from subjects’ medical records, and the collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 19 software. Results: Smoking significantly reduced semen volume in smokers (2.88±1.50 mL) compared to non-smokers (3.28±1.77 mL) (P=0.002). There was a significant decrease in sperm motility in smokers (36.1±21.9%) compared to non-smokers (34.4±19.6%) (P=0.009). However, the association of smoking with sperm motility between men with normal and abnormal semen volumes was not statistically significant, and there was no significant difference in sperm count and morphology between infertile smokers and non-smokers (P>0.05). Conclusion: Smoking causes a significant reduction in semen volume, but has no significant effect on sperm count, morphology, and motility in men with abnormal and normal semen volume.
Prioritizing the Healthcare Needs of Adolescent Girls in Iran
Authors:   Student Research Committee, school of nursing and midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Panjalipour Sepideh , Bostani Khalesi Zahra ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Rezaei Chamani Sedigheh ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Kazemnejad Leili Ehsan ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: February 2021

Background: Adolescence is an important and vital period in the human lifespan. Adolescent girls’ health is affected by special cultural and social factors; investing in their health requires careful planning and effective intervention. For any planning, accurate knowledge of their needs is necessary. Objective: This study aims to assess the healthcare needs of adolescent girls in Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 female students who were studying in first- and second-grade high schools in Rasht, Iran. They were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique. In this study, a demographic form and the Female Adolescents Health Needs Questionnaire (FAHNQ) were used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 21 software using descriptive statistics. Results: According to the participants, the top priority healthcare need was related to the emotional need (23.47±12.22%), followed by social (21.02±11.68%), educational (18.63±16.01%), physical (15.12±10.34%) and spiritual needs (13.86±11.99%). Conclusion: The decision-makers in the health sector should pay more attention to the emotional needs of adolescent girls to promote their primary health.
Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Perceived Stress and Coping Skills of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors:   epartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Nourisaeed Azam , Ghorban Shiroudi Shohreh ,   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran., Salari Arsalan ,   Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the first and the most important leading cause of mortality in Iran. Psychological factors play a key role in the onset and exacerbation of this disease. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on perceived stress and coping skills of patients following AMI. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial with pre-test/ post-test/follow-up design conducted in 2018 on 30 patients with diagnosed AMI after discharge from Noor Heart Clinic in Rasht, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into intervention (5 females and 10 males) and control (8 females and 7 males) groups. Assessment tools included the Perceived Stress Scale and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire that were completed before and after intervention and during a 3-month follow-up period. The intervention group received DBT at 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week for 2 months. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni Post Hoc test. Results: The DBT had significant effects on the perceived stress (F=6.21, P<0.05), problem-focused coping strategy (F=5.00, P<0.05) and emotion-focused coping strategy (F=15.20, P<0.001). Conclusion: Dialectical behavior therapy can reduce the perceived stress and improve the coping skills of patients following AMI
A Machine Learning Approach to Analyse the Symptoms of Covid-19 for the Initial Diagnosis of a Patient
Authors: Reddy K. Anurag , Rath Susant Kumar , Manhar Advin
Published: February 2021

The recent outbreak of the respiratory ailment COVID-19 caused by novel corona virus SARS- Cov2 is a severe and urgent global concern. In the absence of vaccine, and also treatment of COVID- 19 WHO (World Health Organization) had informed that Social distancing is the only way to avoid this pandemic and also made clear that Prevention is better than Cure. The main containment strategy is to reduce the contagion by the isolation of affected individuals. Earlier stage this pandemic was declared as a sort of Pneumonia where an individual gets affected by cold, fever and headache. Later, some new symptoms are seen in affected people like sore throat, breathing problems, and sometimes constipation. To make rapid decisions on treatment, and isolation needs, it would be useful to determine which symptoms presented by suspected infection cases are the best predictors of a positive diagnosis. This can be done by analyzing patient's symptoms and its outcome. Here, we developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the certain features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnosis with high accuracy. Features examined includes details of the concerned individual, e.g., age, gender, observation of fever, breathing difficulty, and clinical details such as the severity of cough and incidence of lung infection and congestion. We had implemented some Machine Learning techniques with algorithms and found out the highest accuracy more than (50 %) of individual patient for all age groups. The following data is collected from COVID-19 positive patients, online survey and social survey done at testing centres. After that we had applied various methods as Data Preprocessing, Model Validation and Statistical analysis, etc. The probability and accuracy of a patient is shown in using various methods of Machine learning algorithm for a better understanding.
A Review on Different Types of Lossless Data Compression Techniques
Authors: Gupta Anshul , Nigam Sumit
Published: February 2021

This paper provides different kinds of techniques for lossless data compression and comparison between them. By eliminating redundant bits, data compression decreases the file size. In order to reduce the capacity needed for that data, it decreases the redundant bits in data representation and thus uses the bandwidth effectively to reduce the communication cost. Compression of data saves file volume, network bandwidth and speeds up the transfer speed as well. Lossless and Lossy are the two techniques for data compression. Lossless compression maintains the data properly.
Improving Accuracy of The Sentence-Level Lexicon-Based Sentiment Analysis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Eng Titya , Ibn Nawab Md Rashed , Shahiduzzaman Kazi Md
Published: February 2021

Sentiment Analysis studies people's attitudes, opinions, evaluations, emotions, sentiments toward some entities such as products, topics, individuals, services, issues and classify them whether the opinion or evaluations inclines to that entities or not. It is getting more research focus in recent years due to its benefits for scientific and commercial purposes. This research aims at developing a better approach for sentiment analysis at the sentence level by using a combination of lexicon resources and a machine learning method. Moreover, as reviews data on the internet is unstructured and has much noise, this research uses different preprocessing techniques to clean the data before processing in different algorithms discussed in subsequent sections. Additionally, the lexicon building processes, how the lexicon is handled and combined with the machine learning algorithm for predicting sentiment is also discussed. In sentiment analysis, sentence's sentiment can be classified into three classes: positive sentiment, negative sentiment, or neutral. However, in this research work, we have excluded neutral sentiment for avoiding ambiguity and unnecessary complexity. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms compared to the baseline machine learning algorithms. We have used four distinct datasets and different performance measures to check and validate the proposed method's robustness.
Enacting the Code by effective national laws influence trends in exclusive breastfeeding: An analytical study from the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh  , Azza Abul-Fadl  , Nadia Fouad Farghaly
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The marketing of breast milk substitutes (MBMSs) is presumed to be associated with declines in breastfeeding practices. National laws to control the MBMS are expected to improve exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and continued breastfeeding (CBF) rates. Aim: This study aims to study the effect of national laws that control MBMS on EBF and CBF trends in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries. Methods: EMR infant feeding data for EBF and CBF were derived from the Global Database of the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund/World Health Organization (WHO). Data for the code of MBMS came from the WHO report in 2020. Percent change in EBF and CBF over the past 3 decades was correlated with scores given to the national laws according to their coverage of the provisions under the code. Results: Percent change in EBF correlated significantly with the total score given to national laws (r0.8; p<0.001) and with provisions for monitoring and enforcement, promotion to the general public, and engagement with health workers and health systems (p<0.05). CBF rates did not correlate with any of the scores for the national laws. Duration of the national law correlated with monitoring and enforcement (p<0.05). Conclusion: MBMS is the main drive for low EBF rates. National laws can directly influence early feeding practices only when all the provisions under the code are covered. National laws need to cover the code in its entirety.
Lipid profile in ?-thalassemia major children and its correlation with various parameters
Authors: Priya Daswani  , Kapil Garg
Published: February 2021

Background: Beta-thalassemia is considered to be the most frequent hereditary blood disorder worldwide. Lipid abnormalities have been detected in different types of beta-thalassemia thus pre-disposing them to pre-mature atherosclerosis. Objectives: To study the lipid profile in beta-thalassemia major (?-TM) children and establish its co-relation with various parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 diagnosed patients of ?-TM age 1–18 years and 100 subjects in the control group matched for age and sex were enrolled. For detecting a minimum difference of at least 20 mg/dl of triglyceride between the two groups, the required sample size was 81 subjects in each group, which was further, enhanced and rounded off to 100 subjects in each group. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was done to establish a correlation of lipid profile with various parameters. Results: Total cholesterol (TC) was lower in thalassemia patients as compared to controls 104.45 versus 117.97 (p<0.001). Triglycerides (TG) values were higher in thalassemia patients as compared to controls 155.96 versus 73.95 (p<0.001). Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed in thalassemia patients as compared to controls 36.33 versus 43.85 (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values between patients and controls 55.89 versus 54.53 (p<0.817). The pro-atherogenic TC: HDL ratio was significantly higher (3.21±0.88 vs. 2.91±1.06) in patients as compared to controls (p<0.001). By multivariate regression analysis, we observed that there was a significant decrease in TC with advancing age (p=0.002, ?=–0.283) and with a decrease in hemoglobin (p=0.028, ?=0.425) but TC was not related to hematocrit, gender, liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, chelating agents and serum ferritin. LDL cholesterol also had significant negative correlation with age (p = 0.015, ? = ?0.240) and positive correlation with hemoglobin (p=0.033, ?=0.211). HDL cholesterol and TG were not related to age, gender, hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver enzymes, chelating agents, and serum ferritin. Conclusion: ?-TM patients have hypertriglyceridemia and hypocholesterolemia. Thus, early detection of these abnormalities will help to prevent cardiovascular complications.
Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis among Children Younger than 5 Years of Age
Authors: Ranvijay Rana  , Ramdas Dahiphale  , Vijay Kalrao
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is on one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age. Among the various pathogens, rotavirus (RV) is responsible for 25–50% of all diarrheal hospitalizations. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess epidemiological and clinical features of RV among children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis and to compare it with RV negative diarrhea. Materials and Methods: A prospective descriptive hospital-based study was carried out among 162 children with acute gastroenteritis in a tertiary care teaching hospital from April 2017 to March 2018. Epidemiological profile, clinical features, and laboratory findings were recorded and compared between RV diarrhea (n=53) with non-RV (NRV) diarrhea (n=109) cases. Results: Mean age of patients was comparable between groups (RV-19.52±11.3 months; NRV-18.0±14 (p=0.47). Peak RV infection was observed during winters (66.03%) and NRV diarrhea occurred predominantly during summer months (38.53%). Comparison of clinical features of acute gastroenteritis between groups showed higher incidence of vomiting (p=0.006), diarrhea (p=0.049), and severity based on the Vesikari score (p=0.003) in RV group. Severe dehydration was observed in 5.6–7.3% in RV and NRV group, respectively (p=0.635). Around 26.41% incidence of dyselectrolytemia was seen in RV group. Conclusion: Studying the epidemiology and clinical profile of RV diarrhea will not only help in management of diarrhea, but will also provide useful information for indigenous vaccine development in India.
On scientiﬁc groundsof classiﬁcation of publicantitrust control
Authors: Samolysov P. V.
Published: February 2021

The article studies the problems of classiﬁcation of the public antitrust control. The sci- entiﬁc grounds of criteria of differentiation of the public antitrust control by types, forms and methods is offered, speciﬁc features of separate types of the public antitrust control are revealed.The classiﬁcation of types of the public antitrust control offered by the author can used for the purposes of optimization of structure of antimonopoly authorities, their powers, system of objects of control, practice of control activity.
New opportunities of antitrust unit on the collection of proofs are an effective facility on struggle with cartels or excessive authorities?
Authors: Kulik Y. V. , Gavrilenko D. A. , Vodolazov A. I.
Published: February 2021

Nowadays there is not only an increase in the number of cartels in Russia but also their qualitative transformation in connection with the “digitalization” of public relations. In this regard, efforts of the FAS Russia to collect evidence on new types of cartels are becoming more complex. To solve the emerging difficulties, the FAS Russia drafted a law project aimed at expanding its full powers, including authorizing the antimonopoly authority to seize documents and items. In the article, the authors carry out a comparative analysis of the proposed innovations with the authority to seize from other state authorities and give a critical assessment of the current version of the draft law.
Antimonopoly aspects of “vertical” agreements in the online trade
Authors: Tarasova D. V. , Oganesyan A. A. , Ladeyshchikov A. A.
Published: February 2021

This article provides for a brief overview of certain antimonopoly aspects related to vertical agreements concluded in the area of sales through Internet. In Russia, the antimonopoly practice has started developing. The authors therefore suggest analyzing certain cases considered in foreign countries that may be interesting and useful for the companies engaged in sales through various Internet resources on the Russian market.
Measurement problems performance public policy on the development of competition
Authors: Zolotuhina I. A. , Rybachenko E. A.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents methodological aspects of measuring the results of the evaluation of state competition policy, as well as key approaches to deﬁne aspects and indicators of condition and change of competition environment in the commodity and service markets of federal subjects of the Russian Federation.
The concept of outdoor advertising
Authors: Kosirev E. V.
Published: February 2021

The article consideres the outdoor advertising signs and legislator approaches to it's deﬁnition. The article concludes that currently uniformity of outdoor advertising content conception for legislators, law applicators and experts community is absent. The article also includes the «outdoor advertising» original concept.
Competition among the Contract Research Organizations
Authors: Chernykh S. I.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the current theoretical and practical issues relating to the development of competition among contract research organizations (CRO), and the role of the State in the development of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the development science on a competitive basis. Concludes that the need for further improving the legal and institutional framework to successfully meet the challenges of scientiﬁc and technological development through the contract paradigm.
Russian intellectual immunities under the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Kuznetsova E. A. , Kot M. Yu.
Published: February 2021

The problem of the abolishment of “intellectual immunities” has remained relevant for many years. According to Russia’s Federal Antimonopoly Service, the lack of antitrust control over the disposal of exclusive rights makes the Russian market vulnerable before foreign holders of intellectual rights. In fact, the regulator is entitled to impose antitrust restrictions on exclusive rights. This power is expressly stipulated by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, which still provides for “intellectual immunities” for foreign holders of intellectual rights. Therefore, the removal of these immunities from the law is a prerequisite for improvement of the antitrust regulation, which must be followed by systemic modification of the antitrust laws, in the first place, by expansion of competition assessment techniques in the field of intellectual property and by setting boundaries in respect of antitrust control, preserving the powers conferred on holders of intellectual rights.
Problems of implementation of antitrust compliance in the company
Authors: Astanin A. N.
Published: February 2021

The article reveals the practical aspects of implementation of antitrust compliance in a company. The author describes in detail the main stages of the implementation of antitrust compliance, focuses on the problems that may arise at each stage. The article covers the processes of internal investigations, and contains practical advice on how to conduct effective employee training.
Gasoline prices in Russia — conscious upward movement?
Authors: Belyaev S. G. , Kapitonov I. A.
Published: February 2021

Today, the rise in fuel prices becomes more and more notorious, and at the same time it increases the potential explosive power of the discontented of consumers masses, which notes that growth. Simultaniously, in the conditions of globalization it is impossible to consider prices and price processes in one, separately taken economy since it exists in the conditions of the global economy which provides flows of the capital, goods, labor resources. Thus, in this article, to answer the question whether the level of good prices (in this case — gasoline) in the economy is high, the authors offer a comparison of countries key macroeconomic indicators with similar levels of gasoline prices.
Intersectoral approach to the study of the concept of "competition"
Authors: Danilovskaia A. V.
Published: February 2021

Competition, as one of the system-forming factors for the development and existence of a market economy, is of interest among representatives of various scientific fields. The article provides a comparative analysis of the economic, sociological, psychological and philosophical understanding of the nature of competition and its related phenomena. The results of the inter-sectoral competition research and the conclusions based on them provide deeper knowledge of competition and its significance for the country's economy and society.
Goals and objectives of the state competition policy and competition law at the present stage
Authors: Varlamova A. N. , Molchanov A. V.
Published: February 2021

The achievement of national goals is inextricably linked to the development of competition provided by state competition policy and competition law. Dialectics of interrelation of national projects, state policy on development of competition and competition law is capable to provide achievement of the national purposes directed on complex development of social and economic relations in interests of society and the state.
Historical lessons on the protection and development of competition
Authors: Golomolzin A. N.
Published: February 2021

The analysis of historical experience of development and protection of competition is carried out in the context of history of development of economic relations, formation and development of the Antimonopoly legislation and practice of its application. Ensuring the development and protection of competition is evaluated taking into account the values and philosophies, the development of economic doctrines, based on the ongoing changes in the economy and technological shifts. More than a thousand years of experience of antimonopoly regulation in India, the Roman Empire and Byzantium is summarized. The antitrust experience of the United States revealed based on the analysis of history of development of economic relations in the country studies of the background of the U.S. antitrust laws in the late XIX century describes the main conditions and precedents of the application of the antitrust laws of the United States, the major structural changes in the economy in the XX century. Examples of adjustment of priorities of antitrust policy of the USA in the conditions of dynamic changes in the XXI century are given. The main stages of the millennial history of market relations in Russia are considered, including the analysis of the most important monuments of Russian history (Russkaya Pravda 1016, Kormchaya kniga 1274, the Cathedral Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich 1649). The basic Antimonopoly provisions of the decrees of the Peter I era, which initiated the formation of the Antimonopoly legislation and the development of competition, the Antimonopoly norms of the Criminal and Correctional Penalties Act of 1845, approved by Nikolay I for half a century of the appearance of antitrust legislation in the United States, are investigated. The history of the development of organized trade during the development of the Russian North, Siberia and the Far East, the practice of countering the monopolization and cartelization of the economy of pre-revolutionary Russia are studied. The reasons and mechanism of monopolization and cartelization of the Russian and the Soviet economy after 1917 are revealed. The ideologies of socialism and capitalism and the reasons for their isolation from the practice of economic development are assessed. The practice of formation and development of economic relations in the Soviet period is investigated.
Administrative prejudice as an instrument of criminalization and decriminalization (on art. 178, 180, 2121 of the Russian Federation Criminal Сode)
Authors: Avetisian S. V.
Published: February 2021

The article questions it is valid to use the Institute of administrative prejudice by the legislator in the corpus delicti construction. While some scientists and lawyers argue that administrative prejudice is a «full-fledged» instrument of criminal policy, others believe that this institution violates non bis in idem principle, unreasonably increases the influence of the offender's personality traits on the basis of criminal responsibility and «blurs» the boundaries between crime and administrative offense. The author proves the inadmissibility of using the Institute of administrative prejudice in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Correlation between private and public interests in antitrust regulation (as demonstrated by the pharmaceutical market)
Authors: Numerova A. A. , Denchenkova O. E.
Published: February 2021

The article addresses the conflict of private and public interests on the pharmaceutical market arising in the antitrust regulation. The authors suggest assessing antitrust interventions in establishment of rights and enforcement of laws in terms of potential errors known in economics as type I and type II errors, and negative implications of type I errors, where the innocent are punished. The examples of governmental regulation of the pricing of essential drugs, the practice of state procurement of medicines, the use of compulsory licensing institute are used to address the problem of balance between the private and the public interests, to suggest principles and mechanisms meant to reduce the number of errors in establishment of rights and enforcement of laws in order to develop more efficient model of antitrust regulation.
Criminal liability for anticompetitive crimes in the EAEU member states: prospects for harmonization
Authors: Utarov K. A.
Published: February 2021

The limits and severity of criminal liability for anti­competitive crimes in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have significant differences, despite the fact that the EAEU combines a common (single) economic space, the Model Law "On Competition" has been adopted, a single administrative responsibility for anti-competitive offenses committed in cross-border markets.

These differences are manifested, first of all, in the fact that in different EAEU member states the issues of criminalization of anticompetitive socially dangerous behavior have been resolved differently, and for similar anticompetitive crimes, punishments significantly differing in nature and gravity have been established.

The unsolved problem in the conditions of free movement of goods, finances and labor resources in the EAEU, according to the author, not only contradicts the principles of justice and equality of citizens before the law, which are enshrined in the criminal codes of all EAEU member states, but also hinders the successful economic development of the EAEU. In particular, significant differences in antitrust criminal policy can stimulate the “flow” of monopolistic criminal activity into the least rigid national jurisdictions within the EAEU.

To solve the corresponding problem, the author proposes to supplement the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union with provisions on the implementation of an agreed EAEU policy in order to harmonize administrative and criminal liability for violations of the antitrust laws of EAEU member states.
Special antimightans of different tipes of market
Authors: Kleeva L. P.
Published: February 2021

The article contains a critical analysis of the course of economic theory for distance learning at the British Open University. The article shows that different types of markets should use different approaches of antitrust regulation.
Arctic Zone of Russia: promising business regulation model and problems of competition development
Authors: Bashlakov-Nikolaev I. V.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the problems of limiting and developing competition in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation related to the use of a specific model for regulating entrepreneurial activity. According to the author, this model, on the one hand, requires the provision of benefits and preferences for business entities planning and carrying out investment activities in the Arctic zone, and on the other hand, the introduction of various administrative barriers that limit the choice of the order and method of doing business. The indicated barriers and restrictions in the ways of conducting business can lead to restriction of competition between participants in the same product markets (competitors). In addition, restrictions on the methods of entrepreneurial activity cannot be considered justified from the point of view of constitutional norms governing the freedom of economic activity and the grounds for introducing its restrictions.

In order to prevent the negative consequences of the implementation of the proposed model for the regulation of entrepreneurial activity by the Ministry for the Development of Russia, it is proposed to switch from an organizational and structural approach to a functional one based on the increasing ability to process large amounts of information and effective interaction with tax and other bodies.
Analytical review of judicial cases considered with the participation of an antimonopoly body
Authors: Vovkivskaya L. V. , Savostina E. V.
Published: February 2021

The review contains an analysis of the legal positions of the arbitration courts in cases of violation of the antimonopoly legislation regarding the consideration of the following issues: an order of the antimonopoly body on transferring to the budget the income received as a result of violation of the antimonopoly law; non-payment of services received under the contract as an abuse of a dominant position; trust agreement as a condition for the admissibility of an anti-competitive agreement; claims of the antimonopoly body on forcing an economic entity to comply with the instructions of this body.

Purpose: the formation of uniform approaches in law enforcement practice in cases of violation of antitrust laws.
Antitrust compliance: background to the legislative novel
Authors: Danilenko A. O.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept and prerequisites of consolidating the institution of antitrust compliance in the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition”. The history and problems of the development and adoption of the Federal Law of 01.03.2020 No. 33-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law” On the Protection of Competition “, which defines the legal basis of antitrust compliance, is examined.
Problems of implementing antitrust compliance in Russia (applicability of foreign experience)
Authors: Kairova D. Z.
Published: February 2021

The concept of antitrust compliance, the prospects for its implementation in the activities of legal entities of Russia (taking into account the relevant experience of individual foreign countries) are considered. It also analyzes the possibility of classifying the presence of an antitrust system in companies as extenuating circumstances in case of violations of the relevant legislation. Factors that can increase the productivity of this system are investigated.
COVID-19 pandemic as the call for the economic competition (The state-of-the-art review of measures of rapid response of antimonopoly regulators in the spring of 2020)
Authors: Knyazeva I. V.
Published: February 2021

In this article, the author presents an operational summary and analysis of the most important decisions made by competition agencies in the short-term period of the COVID-19 pandemic (march—may 2020) and aimed at ensuring the functioning of markets and maintaining competition, as well as expert opinions of some analysts on the facts of the decisions made. The main approaches that are presented on the on-line platforms of the Organization for economic cooperation and development, the European Commission, the site CONCURRENCES: Antitrust Publication & Events, as well as materials of the FAS of Russia on taking operational measures to counter COVID-19 are described.
Analysis of the russian market of mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Voskanian R. O.
Published: February 2021

The subject of the research is the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions in the period from 2009 to 2019. The author has examined the economic essence of mergers and acquisitions, analysed the number of transactions of both types on the Russian market. The article analyses foreign participation in the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions reveals a tendency to its linear decline from 2011 to the present. Also were identified three sectors of the Russian economy leaders in the number of target companies (banks, agriculture, transport and infrastructure). A conclusion has been formulated on the negative impact of the current economic situation on the Russian and global market for mergers and acquisitions, suggesting a decrease in the number and amount of mergers and acquisitions in the coming years.
Russian competition law: history, current state and development prospects
Authors: Seregin D. I.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of prerequisites for the codification of competition protection legislation.

The author starts from the history of competition law, which is divided into four stages, and comes to the conclusion that Russian competition law was formed after the transition of the Russian economy to the market and does not have continuity with pre-existing legislation.

The study of the current state of competition law allowed the author to draw a conclusion about the relevance of its codification. This conclusion is justified, in particular, by the considerable volume of regulatory material that is devoted to the protection of competition, its distribution on different legislative acts, as well as the presence of internal conflicts and inconsistencies in it.
Keadilan dan Pemerataan Ekonomi Melalui Konsep Baitul Mal wat Tamwil (BMT)
Authors: Muhammad Pauzi
Published: February 2021

Baitul Mal wat Tamwil (BMT) is a sharia microfinance institution that is conceptually held for non-profit muslims. In collecting funds and channeling based on sharia principles, the problems are resolved in the religious court. Judging from the aspect of economic justice, it is not very different from other financial institutions, only the BMT management target dives more on the potential of zakat, infaq and sedeqah that favor the helpless dhu'afa to be empowered, from consumptive to productive and having resilience with populist based financial management and amaliyah value.
Aspects of Ukraine’s Economic Security Development and Its Impact on the Economic Development
Authors: Hromyka R. P.
Published: February 2021

In today’s global conditions of functioning, the national economy is accompanied by the influence of both internal and external destructive factors. Consequently, the issues of increasing the level of economic security of both the country in general and the business environment and citizens in particular are being actualized. Achieving the the proper level of economic security will create favorable conditions for the stable functioning of the State. The article is aimed at analyzing the main factors of influence on the economic security of the country and their signs on the basis of systematization of indicators of economic activity results together with determination of their characteristic features. The scheme of the hierarchical structure of economic security of the country is provided, from which it can be traced that each higher level of the system of economic security management of the State should properly create favorable conditions for the development of the economy, form the prerequisites for ensuring the security of the lower level of the economic security. The tendency of the economic security risks of the country at both the international and the national levels is covered. Considering the nature of the relationship between the levels of economic security, it is proved that the key to achieving the economic security at the highest levels of the hierarchy is its provision precisely at the level of the business environment. It is identified that the economic security of the country consists in providing conditions for the effective functioning and strategic development of business in the conditions of influence of threats of a diverse nature. Based on the analysis and systematization of statistical data of the author’s approach, the factors of threats to the economic security of the country are analyzed, which include the level of GDP growth, tax revenues to budgets of different levels, dynamics of public debt, competitiveness, sustainable economic development, and harmonious interaction at the international level of the business environment.