bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of curcumin and copper acetate against Salmonella Typhimurium infection, intestinal permeability, and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens
Authors: Leyva-Diaz Anaisa A. , Hernandez-Patlan Daniel , Solis-Cruz Bruno , Adhikari Bishnu , Kwon Young Min , Latorre Juan D. , Hernandez-Velasco Xochitl , Fuente-Martinez Benjamin , Hargis Billy M. , Lopez-Arellano Raquel , Tellez Guillermo
Published: December 2020

Background: Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial resistance. One of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds, given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ions. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate (CA), curcumin (CR), and their combination (CA-CR) against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization, intestinal permeability, and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a laboratory Salmonella infection model. S. Typhimurium recovery was determined on day 10 post-challenge by isolating Salmonella in homogenates of the right cecal tonsil (12 chickens per group) on Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4 (XLT-4) with novobiocin and nalidixic acid. Intestinal integrity was indirectly determined by the fluorometric measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) in serum samples from blood obtained on day 10 post-S. Typhimurium challenge. Finally, microbiota analysis was performed using the content of the left caecal tonsil of 5 chickens per group by sequencing V4 region of 16S rRNA gene.Results: The results showed that in two independent studies, all experimental treatments were able to significantly reduce the S. Typhimurium colonization in cecal tonsils (CT, P< 0.0001) compared to the positive control (PC) group. However, only CA-CR was the most effective treatment in reducing S. Typhimurium counts in both independent studies. Furthermore, the serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) concentration in chickens treated with CR was significantly lower when compared to PC (P= 0.0084), which is related to a decrease in intestinal permeability and therefore intestinal integrity. The effect of dietary treatments in reducing Salmonella was further supported by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) since Salmonella was significantly enriched in PC group (LDA score > 2.0 and P<0.05) compared to the other groups. In addition, Coprobacillus, Eubacterium, and Clostridium were significantly higher in the PC group compared to other treatment groups. On the contrary, Fecalibacterium and Enterococcus in CR, unknown genus of Erysipelotrichaceae at CA-CR, and unknown genus of Lachnospiraceae at CA were significantly more abundant respectively.Conclusions: CR treatment was the most effective treatment to reduce S. Typhimurium intestinal colonization and maintain better intestinal homeostasis which might be achieved through modulation of cecal microbiota.
Comparative Plastid Genomics of Four Pilea (Urticaceae) Species: Insight into Interspecific Plastid Genome Diversity in Pilea
Authors: Li Jingling , Tang Jianmin , Zeng Siyuan , Han Fang , Yuan Jing , Yu Jie
Published: December 2020

Background: Pilea is a genus of perennial herbs from the family Urticaceae, and some species are used as courtyard ornamentals or for medicinal purposes. At present, there is no information about the plastid genome of Pilea, which limits our understanding of this genus. Here, we report 4 plastid genomes of Pilea taxa (Pilea mollis, Pilea glauca 'Greizy', Pilea peperomioides and Pilea serpyllacea 'Globosa') and performed comprehensive comparative analysis.Results: The four plastid genomes all have a typical quartile structure. The lengths of the plastid genomes ranged from 150,398 bp to 152,327 bp, and each genome contained 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Comparative analysis showed a rather high level of sequence divergence in the four genomes. Moreover, eight hypervariable regions were identified (petN-psbM, psbZ-trnG-GCC, trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA, accD-psbI, ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL-UAG, ndhA-intron and ycf1), which are proposed for use as DNA barcode regions. Phylogenetic relationships based on the plastid genomes of 23 species of 14 genera of Urticaceae resulted in the placement of Pilea in the middle and lower part of the phylogenetic tree, with 100% bootstrap support within Urticaceae.Conclusion: Our results enrich the resources concerning plastid genomes. Comparative plastome analysis provides insight into the interspecific diversity of the plastid genome of Pilea. The identified hypervariable regions could be used for developing molecular markers applicable in various research areas.
White Oak (Quercus fabri Hance) regenerated stump sprouts show few symptom of senescence during 40 years’ growth in the natural forest
Authors: Sun Honggang , Wu Sisheng , Wu Liwen
Published: December 2020

Background: The relationship between the parental tree’ physiological age and the clonal offspring’s lifespan is unclear. White oak (Quercus fabri Hance) has a high sprouting capability after harvest, with the regenerated sprouts being typical clonal individuals. To determine whether regenerated sprouts undergo rapid senescence compared with the parent, the senescence levels of 5-, 10-, 20- and 40-year-old regenerated stump sprouts in a natural forest were evaluated. The antioxidative abilities and transcriptomes in these leaves and shoots were compared.Results: Older regenerated sprouts still had robust antioxidative systems, with 40-year-old sprouts having lower peroxidation product levels but similar antioxidative enzyme activity levels compared with 5-year-old sprouts. Older leaves had greater transcriptional activities in pathways related to cell growth and division than younger leaves. However, older sprouts had a few unhealthy characteristics, such as increased base excision repair levels and upregulated phagosome, proteasome and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways in 40-year-old leaves, indicating that DNA damage and tissue remodeling occurred more frequently than in younger leaves. Additionally, plant–pathogen interactions and MAPK signals pathways were upregulated in older shoots, indicating that older shoots suffered from more pathogen-related biotic stress.Conclusions: The 40-year-old sprouts still had the same vitality level as the 5-year-old sprouts, although the former had some unhealthy characteristics. We conclude that during their first 40 years of growth regenerated stump sprouts do not begin to senesce, and that the parental tree’s physiological age does not significantly affect its clonal offspring’s lifespan.
Increasing Profit Margins by Substituting Species in Floral Arrangements
Authors: Wu Xuan (Jade) , Knuth Melinda J. , Hall Charles R. , Palma Marco A.
Published: December 2020

Flower species is one of the key determinants of the aesthetic and economic value of floral products. This research study sought to evaluate whether consumer perceptions of the aesthetic appeal and monetary valuations of floral arrangements change by substituting high-cost species with low-cost species of similar appearance. In addition, the researchers explored consumer preferences for flower symmetry, which provides information to assist floral designers in choosing and using species to increase profit margins and improve the economic efficiency of the floral industry. Two experiments were administered through an online survey. For the first experiment, no difference was shown in both willingness to pay and attractiveness ratings for flowers in the high-dollar value vs. low-dollar value comparison groups. For the second experiment, roses (Rosa hybrida) were rated the highest on attractiveness, followed by dahlia (Dahlia hybrida), ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus), and anthurium (Anthurium sp.). Radial flowers were considered most appealing, followed by asymmetrical flowers, and last, bilaterally symmetrical flowers. The results of this study lend insight into how the general floral consumer does not differentiate between flower species that are similar in design features such as color, size, or symmetry. This information can be used by floral business operators to sell their bouquets at a higher margin by strategically using lower-cost flower inputs.
Codiseño de Objetos de Aprendizaje OA como estrategia de capacitación a docentes de Educación Superior
Authors: Diez-Martinez Evelyn , Morales-Velasco Rosa Alejandra
Published: December 2020

Los Objetos de Aprendizaje (OA) son una opción para crear contenido digital educativo. Diseñarlos implica procesos complejos requiriendo de los autores competencias que exceden las exclusivamente disciplinares. Para identificar las opiniones iniciales y finales de 12 docentes de universidad acerca de la dificultad o facilidad que diseñar un OA les implicaba, se les impartió un curso sobre cómo diseñar un OA, con una metodología específica (DICREVOA 0.2) y se les proporcionó acompañamiento  como codiseño de estos OA, lo anterior como estrategia para identificar posibles cambios en sus opiniones después del curso. Los resultados muestran que tareas relacionadas con aspectos pedagógicos ligadas a su praxis les son más fáciles que aquellas requiriendo de aspectos tecnológicos, ya que menos del 50% concretaron el guion del diseño de la interfaz. Sin embargo, ambos aspectos se beneficiaron del curso apareciendo diferencias entre las opiniones iniciales y finales de los docentes autores sobre sus competencias al diseñar un OA.  Esto manifiesta la necesidad de ofrecer en las instituciones de educación, programas de formación en estrategias de codiseño y diseño de recursos educativos digitales, para responder a las transformaciones actuales en la transmisión del conocimiento y apunta a la importancia de seguir realizando investigación al respecto.
Codiseño de problemas geométricos apoyados en TICs: estudio de un caso con estudiantes de maestros bajo un modelo de aprendizaje mixto
Authors: Piñero Charlo José Carlos , Costado Dios María Teresa
Published: December 2020

La particular obsesión por la formación en el conocimiento matemático puramente aritmético (una deformación particular del sistema español) produce estudiantes con marcadas dificultades en la resolución de problemas geométricos debido, en particular, a su escasa visión espacial. Sin embargo, en el afán de ir más allá en la implementación de estrategias de aprendizaje basado en problemas para  la enseñanza de conocimientos relacionados con el ámbito de la geometría, los enfoques para promover el aprendizaje digital se están volviendo cada vez más diversos, difundidos y generalmente bien aceptados. En particular, las estrategias de codiseño de procesos formativos es un campo de investigación que ofrece grandes posibilidades de desarrollo. En esta contribución presentamos los resultados obtenidos al desarrollar un módulo de aprendizaje mixto con actividades codiseñadas para trabajar el desarrollo de competencias ligadas al desarrollo del conocimiento geométrico en estudiantes de maestro. Este estudio se enmarca en un esfuerzo continuado por implementar metodologías de codiseño y aprendizaje mixto, presentando los resultados acumulados tras una experiencia y analizando, en particular, la utilidad de este tipo de estrategias para el estudio de la geometría.
Codiseño del curso TIACE en la formación inicial docente de educación preescolar ante la contingencia de la COVID-19
Authors: Colorado Aguilar Brenda Luz
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio se centró en valorar el codiseño del curso, la Tecnología Informática Aplicada a los Centros Escolares (TIACE) en la formación inicial docente de la licenciatura en educación preescolar, ante la contingencia provocada por la COVID-19. La investigación de corte mixto y alcance descriptivo, se realizó en una escuela normal del estado de Veracruz, México. Se utilizó el cuestionario escala Likert aplicado a una muestra de 27 docentes en formación, así como  la aplicación de 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas para el estudio fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se obtuvieron resultados favorables del codiseño del curso en cuanto a las estrategias de organización y dinámica,  aspectos pedagógicos, de contenido y tecnológicos. Con respecto a los factores que intervinieron para dar continuidad con las clases ante la pandemia, surgieron aspectos  de estados de ánimo y contingencias familiares como factores a tomarse en cuenta en la  modalidad de aprendizaje en línea.
From Reserve Currencies to Reserves of Critical Goods: Designing a New BRICS International Currency
Authors: Molodyko K.
Published: December 2020

Currently, there is a need for reform of global monetary circulation and credit, which in a sense has stalled. The key is to restore the connection between monetary circulation and real production. In the first part of this study, I provide a brief analysis of the catastrophic consequences that the current design of reserve currencies has led to for the world economy. At the same time, the transition from the dollar to other reserve currencies operating on the same principles, the ethos of which is now being actively promoted in the West, will not improve the situation. In the second part, I demonstrate the efforts being made to de-dollarize settlements by both the BRICS, the EU, and the EAEU countries. The third part shows the successful historical experience of the transferable ruble as an international currency that functioned in 1960-1980 on non-discriminatory principles within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). In the fourth part, the international currencies already functioning in the world are described, as well as some existing proposals for the introduction of new international currencies. I argue that reliable physical access to reserves in basic food and medicines in controlled warehouses is becoming a matter of great importance. The transition is necessary from the ideology of reserve currencies to the ideology of reserves of critical goods. Such an incentive of a new BRICS currency on the demand side will be food and healthcare security. On the supply side, for all states that have established a currency, there should be a clear vision of how they can develop their exports using this currency. In order to secure currency, such goods must be pledged to international BRICS warehouses that correspond to the main export directions of the project countries and/or are critical for their import. These are basic foods such as grains, then medicines, fuel and energy resources, and metals.
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine Hydrolase: Its Inhibitory Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum and Development of Malaria Drugs
Authors: Chandra Girish , Patel Samridhi , Panchal Manoj , Singh Durg Vijay
Published: December 2020

:

Parasite Plasmodium falciparum is continuously giving a challenge to human beings by
changing itself against most of the antimalarial drugs and its consequences can be seen in the form of
a huge number of deaths each year especially in the poor and developing country. Due to its drug resistance
ability, new drugs are regularly needed to kill the organism. Many new drugs have been developed
based on different mechanisms. One of the potential mechanisms is to hamper protein synthesis
by blocking the gene expression.

:

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is a NAD+ dependent tetrameric enzyme, which is responsible
for the reversible hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and L-homocysteine, has been recognized
as a new target for antimalarial agents since the parasite has a specific SAH hydrolase. The inhibition
of SAH hydrolase causes the intracellular accumulation of S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, elevating
the ratio of SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferase
that catalyzes methylation of the capped structure at the 5′-terminus of mRNA, and other methylation
reaction which is essential for parasite proliferation. In other words, S-Adenosyl-Lhomocysteine
hydrolase regulates methyltransferase reactions. In this way, SAH hydrolase inhibitors
can be used for the treatment of different diseases like malaria, cancer, viral infection, etc. by ultimately
stopping the synthesis of protein. Many antiviral drugs have been synthesized and marketed
which are based on the inhibition of SAH hydrolase.

:

This review summarises the development of SAH inhibitors developed over the last 20 years and their
potentiality for the treatment of malaria.
Effect of Dietary Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula Crude Extract Suplementation on Carcass Quality of Broiler
Authors: Natsir Muhammad Halim , Sjofjan Osfar , Ardyansyah Reynaldy Hadi
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to examine Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extract using different solvents (water, ethanol, and methanol) on infrared spectroscopy absorbance during extraction and the impact on broiler carcass. Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extracts were scanned using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Each mushroom crude extract was chosen and applied into broiler diets as feed additive at 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and compared zinc bacitracin inclusion. Variable measured were final live weight, carcass yield, breast meat yield, and abdominal fat yield of broiler. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were randomly allocated into eight dietary treatments, each treatment was replicated three times with ten chicks for each pen. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. Methanolic extract showed monosaccharide absorption peak in fingerprint region at wavelength 890 cm-1, 930 cm-1, 1050 cm-1, 1150 cm-1 which indicates alpha and beta linkage than the others solvent. Even so, dietary inclusion of methanolic extracts of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula did not show any effect on final live weight and the yiled of carcass, breast meat and abdominal fat of broiler. In conclusion, methanolic extraction is effective to extract monosaccharides with α- and β- linkages from Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula, while the dietary inclusion of methanolic extracts of both edible mushroom and zinc bacitracin has no effect on carcass quality of broilerin broiler diets did not show differences between treatments as well as zinc bacitracin group.
Hubungan antara Komunikasi Ibu dan Anak, Pola Asuh Orang Tua, dan Sumber Informasi dengan Kesiapan Menghadapi Menarche pada Remaja Awal
Authors:   Midwifery Program, Universitas Brawijaya, Hanifah Diyah Risnanda Nur , Dewi Mustika ,   Midwifery Program, Universitas Brawijaya, Sariati Yuseva ,   Midwifery Program, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: December 2020

Menarche is the first menstruation in women which indicates the maturity of a healthy women and not pregnant. The first menstruation occurs at the age of 10-13 years, even in some children occurs faster so that children need to be prepared early to face menarche. There are at least 24% students from 75 students who are not ready to face menarche. This unpreparedness can cause feelings of fear and confusion in the face of menarche. This study aims to find out whether there is a relationship between mother and child communication, parenting style, and sources of information with preparation for facing menarche in early adolescents. This study uses an observational analytic design with cross sectional approach. The sample used was adolescents aged 10-12 years in SD Negeri Model Kota Malang who lived with mothers and had not experienced menarche. Data collection using questionnaire sheets and analyzed using chi square test. The results of chi square analysis of communication variables mother and child obtained p value = 0.00, parenting styles variables obtained value p = 0.444, and information source variables obtained p value = 0.144. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between mother and child communication with readiness to face menarche in early adolescents and there is no relationship between parenting styles and the number of sources of information with readiness to face menarche in early adolescents.
Relationship Between Levels of Digital Health Literacy Based on the Taiwan Digital Health Literacy Assessment and Accurate Assessment of Online Health Information: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Peggy , Yeh Ling-Ling , Wang Jiun-Yi , Lee Shao-Ti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The increasing amount of health information available on the internet makes it more important than ever to ensure that people can judge the accuracy of this information to prevent them from harm. It may be possible for platforms to set up protective mechanisms depending on the level of digital health literacy and thereby to decrease the possibility of harm by the misuse of health information.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to create an instrument for digital health literacy assessment (DHLA) based on the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) to categorize participants by level of risk of misinterpreting health information into high-, medium-, and low-risk groups.

METHODS

This study developed a DHLA and constructed an online health information bank with correct and incorrect answers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to detect the cutoff value of DHLA, using 5 items randomly selected from the online health information bank, to classify users as being at low, medium, or high risk of misjudging health information. This provided information about the relationship between risk group for digital health literacy and accurate judgement of online health information. The study participants were Taiwanese residents aged 20 years and older. Snowball sampling was used, and internet questionnaires were anonymously completed by the participants. The reliability and validity of DHLA were examined. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with risk groups from the DHLA.

RESULTS

This study collected 1588 valid questionnaires. The online health information bank included 310 items of health information, which were classified as easy (147 items), moderate (122 items), or difficult (41 items) based on the difficulty of judging their accuracy. The internal consistency of DHLA was satisfactory (α=.87), and factor analysis of construct validity found three factors, accounting for 76.6% of the variance. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found 106 people at high risk, 1368 at medium risk, and 114 at low risk of misinterpreting health information. Of the original grouped cases, 89.6% were correctly classified after discriminate analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants with a high risk of misjudging health information had a lower education level, lower income, and poorer health. They also rarely or never browsed the internet. These differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

The DHLA score could distinguish those at low, medium, and high risk of misjudging health information on the internet. Health information platforms on the internet could consider incorporating DHLA to set up a mechanism to protect users from misusing health information and avoid harming their health.
Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Analysis of Public Attitudes on Facebook and Twitter Toward COVID-19 Vaccines in the United Kingdom and the United States: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hussain Amir , Tahir Ahsen , Hussain Zain , Sheikh Zakariya , Gogate Mandar , Dashtipour Kia , Ali Azhar , Sheikh Aziz
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Global efforts toward the development and deployment of a vaccine for COVID-19 are rapidly advancing. To achieve herd immunity, widespread administration of vaccines is required, which necessitates significant cooperation from the general public. As such, it is crucial that governments and public health agencies understand public sentiments toward vaccines, which can help guide educational campaigns and other targeted policy interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop and apply an artificial intelligence–based approach to analyze public sentiments on social media in the United Kingdom and the United States toward COVID-19 vaccines to better understand the public attitude and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines.

METHODS

Over 300,000 social media posts related to COVID-19 vaccines were extracted, including 23,571 Facebook posts from the United Kingdom and 144,864 from the United States, along with 40,268 tweets from the United Kingdom and 98,385 from the United States from March 1 to November 22, 2020. We used natural language processing and deep learning–based techniques to predict average sentiments, sentiment trends, and topics of discussion. These factors were analyzed longitudinally and geospatially, and manual reading of randomly selected posts on points of interest helped identify underlying themes and validated insights from the analysis.

RESULTS

Overall averaged positive, negative, and neutral sentiments were at 58%, 22%, and 17% in the United Kingdom, compared to 56%, 24%, and 18% in the United States, respectively. Public optimism over vaccine development, effectiveness, and trials as well as concerns over their safety, economic viability, and corporation control were identified. We compared our findings to those of nationwide surveys in both countries and found them to correlate broadly.

CONCLUSIONS

Artificial intelligence–enabled social media analysis should be considered for adoption by institutions and governments alongside surveys and other conventional methods of assessing public attitude. Such analyses could enable real-time assessment, at scale, of public confidence and trust in COVID-19 vaccines, help address the concerns of vaccine sceptics, and help develop more effective policies and communication strategies to maximize uptake.
Seasonal Daytime Activity Budget of Mongolian Gobi Argali Sheep (Ovis ammon)
Authors:   Denver Zoological Foundation, 2300 Steele St., Denver, CO 80205 USA, Rosenbaum Barry ,   Altai Institute for Research and Conservation,   2076 Oak Avenue, Boulder Colorado 80304, USA, Amgalanbaatar Sukh ,   Ulaanbaatar State University, Peace Avenue, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, P. Reading Richard ,   Butterfly Pavilion, 6252 West 104th Avenue, Westminster, CO 80020, USA; Coalition for International Conservation, Denver CO 80220 USA
Published: December 2020

Activity patterns provide insight into the overall relationship between a species and its environment. Despite declines in populations of argali and some attention on ecological questions, limited information exists on argali behavior. We measured diurnal activity budgets of argali for 12 months by recording behavior (i.e., foraging, bedding, standing, traveling, other) with instantaneous scan sampling at 5-minute intervals. Argali exhibited seasonal differences in activity budgets. The greatest proportion of daytime in winter was spent foraging. The greatest proportion of daytime in summer was spent bedding. Argali reduced all other behaviors in winter in favor of foraging. In summer argali reduced their foraging to a seasonal low and increased bedding. Behavior was constrained by forage in winter and by temperatures in summer. Females fed more than males in all seasons. Other behaviors varied according to season and reproductive periods. Females demonstrated highest vigilance in spring and summer, while males exhibited highest vigilance during the autumn rut. These data are the first regarding detailed behavior of argali and are valuable to their management and conservation by providing information on constraints faced by the species.
Stārķis (vācu Storch) latviešu valodas leksikogrāfiskajos avotos
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Jansone Ilga
Published: December 2020

Rakstā sniegts ieskats 17.–19. gadsimta leksikogrāfiskajos avotos, kā arī K. Mīlenbaha un J. Endzelīna „Latviešu valodas vārdnīcā“ un tās papildinājumos iekļautajos stārķa nosaukumos. Ornitoloģiskajā literatūrā drošas liecības par stārķu klātbūtni Latvijas teritorijā rodamas no 18. gadsimta publikācijām, taču tiek minēts, ka melnais stārķis vismaz Kurzemē bijis sastopams arī iepriekš. 17.–19. gadsimta latviešu valodas vēsturiskajās vārdnīcās iekļauti 15 nosaukumi ar fonētiskajiem un morfoloģiskajiem variantiem, sākot ar G. Manceļa „Phraseologia Lettica”. K. Mīlenbaha un J. Endzelīna „Latviešu valodas vārdnīcā” un tās papildinājumos iekļauti gandrīz visi 17.-19. vārdnīcās minētie stārķa apzīmējumi, atsevišķos šķirkļos izdalot vairākus fonētiskos un morfoloģiskos variantus.
Influence of Emissions from the Stationary Heat Sources upon the Atmospheric Precipitation Pollution with Inorganic Nitrogen in the Sevastopol Region
Authors: Varenik A. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Purpose. Boiler houses are currently an indispensable and integral element of infrastructure in any settlement. They supply us with hot water; provide heating of living quarters, working areas etc. However, functioning of each stationary heat source has a significant drawback: harmful emissions to the atmosphere. These emissions via the atmospheric precipitations fall on the underlying surface contaminating water, especially coastal ecosystems, soils etc. The aim of the work is to study the effect of such emissions from the stationary heat sources upon pollution of the air and atmospheric precipitations with inorganic nitrogen. Methods and Results. To evaluate possible effect of emissions from the boiler houses upon the atmospheric precipitation pollution in Sevastopol, the results of chemical analysis of the nitrogen oxidized forms’ concentration in the precipitation samples were scrutinized, and the increased number of the boiler houses, their types and, hence, growth of their emissions in 2015–2018 were assessed. Conclusions. According to the data provided by the Office of Federal State Statistics Service for Sevastopol, in 2016 the number of the boiler houses increased sharply that resulted in growth of the nitrogen oxides emissions to the atmosphere. At the same time, our data showed a two-fold increase of the inorganic nitrogen flow with the atmospheric precipitations in a cold period. Having been analyzed, the oxidized nitrogen concentration in precipitations and the nitrogen oxides’ emissions from the boiler houses in Sevastopol, demonstrated close correlation. However, in 2018, despite the increased number of the boiler houses, a significant decrease in emissions from the stationary heat sources was observed; it is confirmed by our data on the inorganic nitrogen flow with the atmospheric precipitations.
When history repeats itself: Michael Osorgin’s “estates”
Authors:   A.S. Pushkin Leningrad State University, Demidova Olga R.
Published: December 2020

The article is based on M.A. Osorgin’s memorial and autobiographical texts written in Russia and in emigration during the periods of historical catastrophes of 1917 — the 1940s, as well as on his letters to A.A. Poliakov written in 1940–1942, the last two years of his life, from the little French town Chabris in the so called «free zone» during the time of the Nazi occupation of France. The comparative semiotic and hermeneutic analysis undertaken in the article makes it possible to reconstruct the “estate” phenomenological paradigm and the evolution of the estate topos (from the estate per se to the villa, “small house”, dacha, peasant hut) in Osorgin’s life philosophy and writings based on his understanding of “the estate” as the “existential space” of escape from the outer to the inner world proved the only possible one in the periods of historical cataclysms.
“Houses are alive. No?”The image of a “revived” house in English literaturein the late XIX — early XX century
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of Russian Academy of Sciences, Veligorsky Georgy A.
Published: December 2020

In this article we will talk about the unusual topos that occurs in Victorian and Edwardian literature — the “revived” estate. Indirectly going back to Gothic literature and the “horror literature” that inherited it (where the house can come to life literally, become harmful, frightening and even mortally dangerous for the inhabitant), however, it develops in a completely different way. The ghosts that inhabit the rooms of such a mansion are the guardians of a good and bright memory, “hidden joy”; embodied by the past, who lives in a shaky, invisible world. These ghosts have many hypostases: sometimes they turn out to be just a figment of the tenant’s imagination, and sometimes they are a real poltergeist, but not frightening, but protecting and preserving (W. Woolf, “A Haunted House”). Another manifestation of this topos can be called a house that comes to life, when the hero distinguishes between the beating of his heart (as happens in the novel by E.M. Forster “Howards End”) or hears a whisper of voices in the curtains shaken by the wind. The combination of these two motives (poltergeist and living house) is also found in the works of modernists (W. Woolf, “Orlando: A Biography”). Of particular interest is the image of a revived estate house in children’s literature; in this vein, we will consider the novel by Ph. Pierce, “Tom’s Midnight Garden”.
Topos and chronos of English country houseat the beginning of the XXth century in literature and cinema(the novel “The Remains of the Day” by Kazuo Ishiguro and a film by James Ivory)
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sholokhova Anna S.
Published: December 2020

The Stately-house novel takes a special place in the English classical literature. The estate here is of key importance in the image-structure of the work. The world of an English estate is reflected as a multi-faceted text, extremely enriched with cultural signs. Novel by Kazuo Ishiguro “The Remains of the Day” can be regarded as one of the examples of typical British aristocratic prose. The narrator and protagonist of the novel is a butler, who serves in the large English Stately home Darlington Hall. The family estate is considered by the hero as a symbol of order and harmony, and at the same time it personifies the ideal world of the past that is gradually fading away. In 1993 the director James Ivory made a film based on the Ishiguro’s novel. He created different visual images of an English estate on the screen with particular accuracy. Fictional Darlington Hall is a combination of several Stately homes located in the southwest of England. The novel by Kazuo Ishiguro and the film by J. Ivory are memories of a bygone era of British Empire, ended with the Second World War.
Return to the estate as a recurring motifin the works of I.A. Bunin and B.A. Pilnyak
Authors:   University of Bergamo, Discacciati Ornella
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the novel “The Life of Arseniev” and the novella “Mahogany” by contemporaries-authors Ivan Bunin and Boris Pilnyak, respectively. Although written in the same period, these two multi-faceted literary works were produced in different historical and cultural contexts. The purpose is to identify the underlying characteristics that they share in order to define an invariant model of the “topos of the country estate” in Russian literature on the cusp of the 1920s and 1930s. The conclusion that can be drawn is that, despite the diametrically opposed political milieus in which the two authors operated — Bunin was an émigré writer of the first wave; Pilnyak was a Soviet writer — in both works the country estate posits itself not only as the cultural space encompassing the history of the Russian state as a whole, but also as the chronicle of the private lives of the people who lived in it, the very quintessence of their being and a covenant for future generations.
Condições de deformação, metamorfismo e fusão parcial do Complexo Porto Belo a sul da Zona de Cisalhamento Major Gercino, Bombinhas (SC)
Authors: ANDRES Franciele , BITENCOURT Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2020

Regimes transpressivos, típicos de colisões oblíquas, são caracterizados por uma tectônica de baixo ângulo que precede e se superpõe à tectônica de alto ângulo nas fases iniciais da colisão. Na porção centro-leste do Escudo Catarinense, o Complexo Porto Belo (CPB) constitui o embasamento da Zona de Cisalhamento Major Gercino, de cinemática transcorrente destral e direção NE-SW, que controla a ascensão e posicionamento de magmas graníticos no estágio pós-colisional do Ciclo Brasiliano. A área estudada está situada a sul desta zona, onde o CPB preserva estruturas relacionadas à tectônica de baixo ângulo. Uma abordagem integrada de geologia estrutural e petrografia foi utilizada a fim de estabelecer as condições de deformação e metamorfismo nas rochas do complexo. O estudo identificou uma associação de gnaisses tonalíticos a dioríticos, granodioritos e anfibolitos, com ocorrência subordinada de migmatitos. Os anfibolitos são finamente laminados e formam camadas boudinadas. Os ortognaisses têm bandamento (Sb) milimétrico, de direção NE-SW com baixo ângulo de mergulho para SE. Os granodioritos são porfiríticos, com foliação magmática (S0) de direção N-S e mergulho de médio ângulo para leste. Essas litologias são afetadas por dobras isoclinais recumbentes e horizontais inclinadas, com vergência para SW. Indicadores cinemáticos como xenólitos deformados e porfiroclastos assimétricos demonstram transporte tectônico de topo para NW. Feições migmatíticas são encontradas em todas as litologias, mas geram apenas pequenos volumes de leucossoma in situ e in source. As condições de metamorfismo e deformação sugerem temperaturas compatíveis com as da fácies anfibolito médio a superior para a geração dos ortognaisses e cristalização sintectônica do granodioritos.
COVID-19 Associated Bronchiectasis and its Impact on Prognosis.
Authors: Suliman Aasir , Bitar Bassel , Farooqi Amer , Elarabi Anam , aboukamar mohamed , Abdulhadi Ahmad Salih
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 associated bronchiectasis is an atypical finding and it’s not
commonly described sequel of the disease. Here, we present a previously
healthy middle-aged man who developed progressive bronchiectasis evident
on serial chest CT scans with superimposed bacterial infection following
COVID-19 pneumonia.
First successful treatment of Legionella pneumonia in patient with hemoblastosis in Kazakhstan: A case report
Authors: Merenkov Yevgeny , Saparbay Jamilya
Published: December 2020

A 55 years old woman with multiple myeloma was referred to us for
autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient
developed Legionella pneumonia while mobilization of hematopoietic stem
cells.we report a case of successful treatment Legionella pneumonia in
patient with multiple myeloma.
Classical University Crisis: New Challenges and Prospects of Russian Higher Education
Authors: Abrossimova Larisa , Bogdanova Marina , Snezhko Galina ,   Institute of Philology, Journalism and Intercultural Communication,   Southern Federal University; Institute of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences; Department of the History of Russian and foreign Philosophy, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The objective of the paper is to discuss the most crucial problem, related to “winding down” of the Russian Liberal Arts education due to its economic inefficiency. The methodology includes the descriptive scientific-research method, which involves the analysis of scientific sources, official provisions, mass-media publications and the students’ questionnaire. The authors came to the following conclusions: 1. The model of education, which is guided by the logic of economic growth, and not by the logic of human development, leads to a general dehumanization of education and society. 2. The process of education “dehumanizing” is manifested in the following destructive trends: pragmatic utility and convenience of gaining knowledge; the dominance of technical knowledge and the transfer of humanitarian disciplines into optional courses; the advance of online education; the imperfection of university lecturers’ ratings and their transformation into a bureaucratic evaluation system; new types of inequality in education. 3. In Russia, the above-mentioned trends are aggravated by the abnormal establishment of market economy; the verticalization of power and the lack of professionalism in university management; social sphere underfunding; the aggressive implementation of the Bologna system. 4. The current crisis in education is accompanied by the large-scale emigration of gifted students and lecturers. The authors recommend to consider the University as a classical “home” of formation, preservation and transfer of culture; online courses should be seen as a new format of teaching aids, as well as a technological tool for retraining and for people with disabilities.
Creativity Formation in the Context of Social and Psychological Adaptation of Preschoolers Aged 5-6 Years
Authors: Zdanevych Larysa V. , Buchkivska Galyna V. , Greskova Valentyna V. , Аndriievskyi Borys M. , Perminova Liudmyla A.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research is to analyze the creativity manifestation in the early stages of ontogenesis; to verify the relationship between creative abilities and social adaptation of preschoolers. The importance of the topic under consideration is determined by the fact that preschoolers’ childhood is the main sensitive period for the formation of creativity as the person’s adaptive re-source. The deficiency of development during this period cannot be compensated later. The examination of the creative abilities of 115 children aged 5-6 years has been conducted. Based on the total result of seven subtests Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, three groups of children have been distinguished. They include children with high (N=20), medium (N=79), and low (N=16) creative potential. Data on behavior have been collected from 142 parents and 24 teachers who supervised children during communication situations. The adaptation of preschoolers have been analyzed on three sides: as a set of individual be-havioral reactions conditioning cooperation with the environment (A questionnaire of children’s temperament Thomas and Chess); as a social competency – skills in communication with children and adults (expert assessments of teachers based on the open structured supervision), and as an emotional adaptation to life situations (the projective technique of anxiety diagnostics “Choose a face”). In all cases, children with high creative potential demonstrated particular differences. The positive reaction of “approaching” in response to new stimuli, a low sensory threshold, and high speed of adaptation to the change of external terms are a typological profile of a “creative” temperament. Related problems of emotional reaction and the increased anxiety of pre-schoolers have been detected. The development of skills for social competence lags significantly in the group with a low level of creativity. The factorial structure of creative abilities, which presents three types of creativity (subject, verbal, and figurative), and three leading abilities (productivity, originality, and fluency) have been suggested. The particular parameters of creativity corre-late in different ways with the adaptability of preschoolers: the readiness is more successful, and originality is associated with disturbances of emotional regulation. In conclusion, creativity is presented as a natural condition for a child’s adaptation.
On the Issue of Differentiation of Modes for Deflagration Combustion and Explosion
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia, Vogman L.P. , Bolodyan I.A. ,   FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia, Britikov D.A. ,   Rostechnadzor
Published: December 2020

This work raises the issues of feasibility of developing a conceptual approach to the detailed differentiation of combustion modes. Its goal is to try to characterize the modes of combustion for gas-, vapor- and dust-air mixtures as an explosion or deflagration (clap), calculated dependences, allowing to identify an explosion and a higher deflagration (clap) in accordance with the fire and explosion hazard indicators and criteria that characterize their consequences. Although these processes are close to each other, they run at different speeds, are implemented at different pressures and are characterized by certain, different level of injury to people, the level of damage and (or) destruction of building structures, i.e., the consequences of an accident. This paper defines the indicators and criteria that allow to identify the combustion mode as a deflagration (clap) or as an explosion of flammable gas-, vapor-, and dust-air mixtures based on the fire and explosion hazard indicators of mixtures determined by calculation and data describing their consequences. Definitions (terms) and criteria are proposed that allow to identify the concepts as an explosion and as an increased deflagration (clap). Increased deflagration (clap) — ignition and subsequent combustion of combustible gas-, vapor-, dust-air mixtures with an apparent speed from 10 to 60 m/s without the formation of a shock wave, with a pressure increase of no more than 5 kPa and not accompanied by damage and destruction of load-bearing structures.
Investigation of the Use of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Oil Refining Process Unit
Authors:   FGAOU VO «RGU of Oil and Gas (NIU) named after I.M. Gubkin», Glebova E.V. , Volokhina A.T. ,   FGAOU VO «RGU of Oil and Gas (NIU) named after I.M. Gubkin», Polikakhina E.A. ,   FGAOU VO «RGU of Oil and Gas (NIU) named after I.M. Gubkin»
Published: December 2020

It is known that changes in the flow rate of the medium can directly affect the safety of the process of refining oil and petroleum products. Therefore, the use of high-precision flow meters is one of the safety barriers to prevent possible accidents and incidents. Unfortunately, the task of parametric measurement of the consumption of oil and petroleum products before and after their processing in most cases causes certain difficulties. For this reason, each specific measurement task should be approached from a different perspective, offering different means and methods of measurement, allowing to achieve the most reliable and accurate data on the measured flow rate. Operating conditions at the oil refineries place high demands on flow meters. Conventional orifice flow meters, which are often used to measure flow in the oil refineries, have certain disadvantages: they require frequent maintenance, process interruptions during installation, cause pressure losses in the pipe. Based on the experience of foreign companies in replacing insertion flow meters with clamp-on flow meters, it was decided to use non-invasive (non-contact) flow meters for medium measurement. The advantages of these flow meters are that there is no need to cut pipes, which practically eliminates the risk of leaks occurrence during installation. Also, the ultrasonic flow meter does not have direct contact with the measured medium, which allows avoiding contamination of both the flow meter itself and the medium, as a result, increasing the accuracy and durability of flow measurement at the site. Research objectives: substantiation of the possibility of operation of an ultrasonic flow meter at the oil refining site, recommendations for the use of various sensors, as well as selection of the optimal installation site for the device. The flow rate readings matched the previously established readings taken from the orifice meters. As a result, it is concluded that the ultrasonic flow meters can be used to measure the flow rate of stripped oil.