bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of Topical Pre-operative Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Maintaining Mydriasis during Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hussain Md Emdad
Published: February 2023

A prospective, randomized, double masked, single centered comparative study done in the Bangladesh Naval Ship Patenga, Chattogram, Bangladesh, from July 2021 to June 2022, to assess the clinical benefits and effectiveness of prophylactic pre-operative topical administration of NSAIDs in maintaining mydriasis during small incision cataract surgery. Thirty patients underwent small incision cataract surgery with intra ocular lens implantation were randomized to compare the efficacy of topical NSAIDs drops (Group-A) and placebo drops (Group-B) in maintaining peroperative mydriasis. Balanced salt solution containing non preservative adrenaline was used in all patients. Pupil size was measured prior to the corneal incision and after the completion of the operation. The two groups were analyzed with respect to the changes in pupillary diameter at the beginning and at the end of the operation. The change in pupil size was significantly different among the two groups at the end of the surgery. The mean vertical and horizontal diameter of the two groups were near about similar at the beginning of the surgery. Significant differences were seen after IOL implantation with the NSAIDs group having the larger mean diameter in both vertical (P=0.003) and horizontal (P=0.008) pupillary measurements at the conclusion of surgery. Topical NSAIDs has been shown to be a more effective inhibitor of meiosis during per operative uncomplicated small incision cataract surgery and provides a more stable mydriatic effect during surgery compared to the placebo group.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 22-26
A Comparison of Palliative Radiotherapy Between 20 Gy in 5 Fractions and 30 Gy in 10 Fractions in Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Due to Carcinoma of Lung
Authors: Masud Md Rakibul Islam , Haque Md Nizamul , Khan Mojibur Rahman , Tuly Badrun Nahar , Husna Md Golam Zel Asmaul , Alam Saiful
Published: February 2023

A quasi-experimental study was conducted to compare palliative radiotherapy between 20 Gy in 5 fractions and 30 Gy in 10 fractions in superior vena cava syndrome due to carcinoma of lung. This study was done in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2017 to August 2018. A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study – 30 in each group. In Arm A, patients received 20 Gy in 5 fractions in 1 week, while in Arm B, patients received 30 Gy in 10 fractions in 2 weeks. Every patient was evaluated routinely to see the treatment outcome and toxicities. The mean age of Arm-A was 57.53±5.5 years and that of Arm-B was 57.40±5.4 years. After treatment, improvement of symptoms (e.g., edema, venous distension, dyspnea) of SVCS was observed. After 1 month of radiotherapy, complete resolution of venous distension occurred in majority of the patients (73.3% vs. 80%) and partial resolution occurred in rest of them (26.7% vs. 20%) in arms A and B respectively. Most of patients showed complete resolution of edema (83.3% vs. 86.7%), while few had partial resolution (16.7% vs. 13.3%) in arms A and B respectively. Symptoms of SVCS did not recur in any of the patients of both arms. Performance status also improved in all patients. Assessment of tumor response at the last follow-up showed partial response in 66.7% patients of Arm-A and 73.3% patients of Arm-B. Stable disease was observed in 33.3% patients of Arm-A and 26.7% patients of Arm-B. None of the patients showed disease progression. Toxicities included dysphagia (26.7% vs. 33.33%), fatigue (23.33% vs. 20%), nausea and vomiting (16.67% vs. 20%) and skin reaction (16.67% vs. 13.33%) in Arm-A and Arm-B respectively. All of those toxicities were grade-1 and easily controlled. There was no statistically significant difference between two treatment groups in terms of palliation of symptoms of SVCS, tumor response and toxicities. To summarize, although tumor response was not much satisfactory, both 20 Gy in 5 fractions and 30 Gy in 10 fractions are equally effective radiotherapy regimens in palliation of symptoms of SVCS due to lung cancer with tolerable toxicities. Hence, 20 Gy in 5 fractions can be a reasonable treatment choice in a resource-poor country like Bangladesh.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 33-40
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella Typhi isolated from Human Blood with Distribution of Virulence Genes and Sequencing
Authors: Dola Nigha Zannat , Shamsuzzaman SM , Islam Md Saiful , Rahman Asma , Mishu Nafisa Jabin , Nabonee Modina Ansary , Jalil Rafia Afreen
Published: February 2023

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020, to see the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella Typhi isolated from human blood with distribution of virulence genes and sequencing. Clinically suspected enteric fever patients irrespective of age and gender who attended either the Department of Microbiology or Medicine out-patient department (MOPD) in a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh for blood culture and sensitivity test were included in this study. The positive growth S. Typhi was identified by gram straining, colony morphology and biochemical test. Then Salmonella Typhi was identified by using Salmonella specific antisera. Final identification was done by using 16s Rrna by PCR. Virulence factors like hemolysin and siderophore was detected by siderophores production assay. PCR and sequencing of virulence genes were done. A total number of 50 isolated organisms were identified as Salmonella species of which Salmonella Typhi was detected in 40 (48.2%) isolates. Among 40 isolated Salmonella Typhi, no Salmonella Typhi produced hemolysin and 30 (75.0%) isolates have ability to produce siderophore. Among the isolated Salmonella Typhi all isolates 40 (100%) were positive for viaB and staA gene, 21 (52.5%) were positive for iroB. Sequencing of viaB and iroB were done for further validation. In conclusion all isolated Salmonella Typhi carried viaB and staA, iroB genes were responsible for S. Typhi pathogenicity.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 41-47
Knowledge, Attitudes of Preclinical Medical and Dental Students in Mymensingh towards “COVID-19”: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nazrina Sayeda , Naznin Rubiat
Published: February 2023

In 2020, a new global pandemic Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged, which was caused by a new strain of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus (SARS-COV-2). This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 among preclinical medical and dental students of Community Based Medical College (CBMC,B) in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Data were collected in September 2020. The online questionnaire was created using Google Forms after reviewing previously conducted research and posted on several online platforms accessible by the students. Most of the students (93%) were medical students, and the rest 7% were studying Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS). The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 9.04 (SD: 2.107, Range: 0-12), suggesting an overall 75.33% correct rate. The results showed that knowledge scores are higher in male, MBBS students but the difference are not significant. Analyses showed that the knowledge scores of 1st-year participants were significantly higher than 2nd-year students. Increased knowledge score was noticed in those who were not in direct contact with COVID-19 patients and not infected by COVID-19 than others, though the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). Half of the participants (50.2%) agreed that this disease will finally be successfully controlled. One hundred and sixty-seven participants (65%) had confidence that Bangladesh would get a vaccine soon to prevent the COVID-19 virus. The overall knowledge level of students was generally good. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, improvement of knowledge and perceptions among healthcare students is essential.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 53-59
Type 1 Tympanoplasty by Interlay Technique for Management of Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Authors: Biswas Binoy Krishna , Khan Manjurul Karim , Gupta Subir
Published: February 2023

Tympanic membrane is the partition between the external ear and middle layer which is a vital component of the human ear. Neglected or maltreated earache, ear discharge and trauma lead to perforation of tympanic membrane. Tympanoplasty is the surgical procedure performed to repair a perforated tympanic membrane, with/without reconstruction of the ossicles, with the aim of preventing reinfection and restoring hearing ability. Type 1 tympanoplasty is the simple closure of the tympanic membrane perforation. To study the outcome of type 1 tympanoplasty operation by interlay technique, a descriptive longitudinal study was conducted among 200 patients in Community Based Medical College Hospital and in private clinics of Mymensingh from January 2012 to December 2021. Our inclusion criteria was population of age ranging from 15 to 55 yrs of both sexes having dry central perforation for at least 6 weeks and exclusion criteria was patient with active stage of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), ossicular discontinuity, sensory neural hearing loss. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Prevalence of taking graft was 96.00%. Measured by difference of preoperative air bone gap (ABG) and postoperative ABG of 15 decibel (dB) hearing improvement rate was 90%. Complication was minimal (1%). The complication was infection due to non-compliance with postoperative advice and treatment. Type 1 tympanoplasty done by interlay technique has excellent results both in terms of graft taken and hearing improvement with minimal complications.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 67-72
Effect of Pregabalin on Succinylcholine Induced Fasciculation, Myalgia and Hyperkalemia in Spine Surgery
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Jahid , Mahabuzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Gisan , Kabir Mohammod Humayan , Haider Md Ali , Bhowmick Lipon Kanti
Published: February 2023

A randomized control trial was done between January and December of 2018, in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative & Intensive Care Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, to evaluate the preventive effect of pregabalin on succinylcholine induced adverse effects, i.e., fasciculation, myalgia and hyperkaliemia in spine surgery. Sixty patients of elective spine surgery under general anaesthesia were selected and divided into two groups. Pregabalin 150 mg was given to one group and matching placebo was given to another group orally with sips of water one hour before surgery. Succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg was given after induction agent. Muscle fasciculation was observed just after succinylcholine administration. Serum potassium was measured 5 minutes before induction and 5 minutes after succinylcholine administration. After completion of surgery reversal was given. Time of first analgesic demand was recorded. Injection Morphine 0.15 mg/kg intramuscular was given when patient complained about pain. Myalgia (muscle pain not associated with surgery) was observed 24 hours after anaesthesia and total morphine consumption was recorded. Use of pregabalin 150 mg one hour before surgery reduced the severity of fasciculation and the incidence and severity of postoperative myalgia. It also reduced the rise of serum potassium concentration after succinylcholine administration though the rise was within normal limit. Pregabalin also reduced the total opioid consumption after surgery.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 73-80
Correlation of Serum Vitamin D and Calcium Levels between Outdoor and Indoor Working Professionals in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Tasrin Tarana , Ferdousi Shahnila , Sultan Md Kamal , Mozaffor Miliva
Published: February 2023

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2018 to June 2019, to compare serum vitamin D levels and observe its correlation with serum calcium levels among the outdoor and indoor working professionals. A total of 101 indoor and outdoor workers of different sectors living in Dhaka city participated in this study. All study subjects were divided into two groups: outdoor workers were in group A (n=35) and indoor workers were in group B (n=66). Estimation of serum vitamin D3 was done by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, while serum calcium was measured using Arsenazo-III dye method. The mean age of the study participants was 38.72±6.88 years, ranging between 25 and 52 years. Among the study participants, 64(63.4%) were male and 37(36.6%) were female. Among outdoor workers, most were from Traffic Police Services (83%) and the rest were street hawkers (17%). Indoor workers were recruited from the hospital – nurses (32%), doctors (27%), administrative employees (21%), hospital ward assistants (12%) and medical technicians (8%). Serum vitamin D3 level was found higher in outdoor workers than that of indoor workers (19.35±5.67 ng/ml vs. 14.17±4.18 ng/ml) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Serum calcium level was lower in outdoor workers than that of indoor workers (8.82±0.54 mg/dl vs. 9.08±1.08 mg/dl); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between serum vitamin D and calcium levels in both outdoor (r= – 0.117; P=0.510) and indoor (r= – 0.163; P=0.196) groups.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 87-92
Mothers’ Experience and Perceived Barriers to Practice Healthy Feeding to Their School Going Children
Authors: Shahrin Tunazzina , Paul Bijoy Kumer , Sharmin Saida , Begum Munira , Jahan Nusrat , Nusrat Farzana , Rahman Moyeedur
Published: February 2023

A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December of 2018 in some randomly selected schools under Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, to examine mothers’ experience and their perceived barriers to practice healthy feeding to their school going children. We adopted convenient sampling technique. A total of 120 mothers participated in this study who had children aged between six and eight years. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Questionnaire was formatted in both Bangla and English language. However, the participants chose Bangla version for filling up the survey questionnaire. A modified Likert’s scale was used. Socio-demographic variables, mothers’ feeding practice and perceived barriers were analysed using descriptive statistics. 58.2% of the participants belonged to 30-35 years age group, while 41.8% to 36-40 years age group. Among them, higher secondary passed 3.4%, while 35.3% had their university graduation, and 61.3% completed postgraduation. 6.7% had poor economic status, while 73.3% were semi-elite and 20% were from elite income group. Among them, 75% were Muslim, 14.2% Hindu, 7.5% Christian and 3.3% Buddhist. 21.7% of the mothers found availability of healthy food as 'very easy' and 66.7% found it 'easy', while 9.2% found it 'difficult'; only 2.5% found it 'very difficult'. Only 11.6% of the mothers found preparation of healthy meal inconvenient, while 71.7% found it convenient and 16.7% found it very convenient. Regarding taste of a healthy meal, 2.5% reported as 'very monotonous', 37.5% as 'monotonous', 54.2% reported as 'charming' and only 5.8% stated it as 'very charming'. Preparation cost of a healthy meal was reported as costly by only 15.8% of the mothers, while cost effective by 76.7%, and very cost effective by the rest 7.5%. 42.4% of the mothers stated that their children have the habits of taking meal sitting with the family members, while 48.8% were fed while watching TV, and 8.8% reported that they fed their children while they were playing. Only 37.5% of mothers reported that their children found it pleasant taking healthy food. Regarding time spent on feeding the children, 17.5% stated 'very time consuming', while 68.3% stated 'time consuming', and only 14.2% found it 'timesaving'. Only 20.8% of mothers reported that they could conveniently feed their children healthy food. Difficulties experienced by the mothers were strong aversion (15.8%), fast food preference (22.5%), varieties of food preference (61.7%).

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 93-98
Comparison between Effects of Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine as Sedative in Elective Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Karim Md Enayet , Rashid RAM Mustafijur , Akram Mohammad Saleh , Ershad Reza
Published: February 2023

This randomized clinical trial compares midazolam and dexmedetomidine in terms of onset and recovery of sedation, haemodynamic effects, respiratory effects, and adverse effects of both the drugs in elective Caesarian section under spinal anaesthesia. The study included 60 ASA grade-I patients between age 20- and 40-years undergoing elective Caesarean sections under subarachnoid anaesthesia, from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups: midazolam group (Group-I, n=30), who received midazolam in a single dose of 0.10mg/kg and Dexmedetomidine group (Group-II, n=30), who received dexmedetomidine in a single dose of 2mcg/kg. Spinal anaesthesia was conducted by injecting a hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml through a 25G spinal needle at L3-4 level. All parameters were documented at 5-minute intervals until arousal of the patient. The onset of sedation i.e., time from IV (intravenous) injection of Midazolam or Dexmedetomidine to closure of eye lids (OAA/S score of 3) and the arousal time from sedation i.e., time from closing of the eye lids to OAA/S score of 5 (patient is awake clinically) were noted. Any complication during operation was documented. The patient’s satisfaction with the sedation was assessed by the 5-point ‘Likert verbal rating scale’. There was no significant difference of mean blood pressure and mean heart rate between the two groups at different time intervals (P>0.05). Time of onset of sedation was significantly delayed in dexmedetomidine group (P<0.05). Duration of sedation was comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Incidence of peroperative complications were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Haemodynamic effects and adverse effects of two drugs were comparable. Therefore, it is recommended that either midazolam or dexmedetomidine can be used for sedation in single dose technique during subarachnoid block for Caesarean section.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 99-106
When Small Bugs Cause Big Problems: Tropical Insect Bite Led to Myocarditis
Authors: Habib SM Ahsanul , Mohammad Taneem , Alam Mohammad Ashraful
Published: February 2023

Wasp bite induced allergic reactions or organ dysfunctions are not uncommon in tropical countries. Most people affected with insect bite hardly develop any signs or symptoms; however, about 30 percent of them may show signs of illness which is often overlooked and causes fatality. Among the fatal complications specially anaphylaxis and renal dysfunction have been reported; however, myocardial involvement in the form of myocarditis is very rare. Awareness about such complications is important as these affect the clinical course and outcomes of the patients. We have presented a case of wasp bite induced myocarditis and heart failure here, which was diagnosed at a later stage as patient did not improve being admitted in the emergency department and subsequently transferred to the critical care unit. 

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 107-110
Renal Impairment in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report
Authors: Hasan Mahmud Javed , Ray Nitai Chandra
Published: February 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of cancer occurs due to malignant plasma cell that affects with various clinical manifestations including renal impairment, anemia, bone disease and infection. The most common renal presentation of multiple myeloma is myeloma cast nephropathy. We described a case of multiple myeloma along with renal impairment in a 62-year old male patient. His serum B2-Microglobulin was 19.18 mg/L, which is much higher than reference value. His serum creatinine was 2.58 mg/dL. After continuing medication, the patient’s renal function was restored. This case is being reported for clinical knowledge dissemination and building clinical insight.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 111-114
Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Cause of Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Rana Abunur Md Masud , Haque Taufiqul , Dew Kallol Chandra
Published: February 2023

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. The mutation is found in the serine threonine kinase (STK11)/ liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene on chromosome 19. It impacts 1 out of 50000–200000 individuals. Clinical menifestations include hyperpigmented lesion in oral cavity, lips, fingertips and perianal region. Abdominal pain, Anaemia, Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, GI polyp, Intestinal obstruction (mostly due to intussusception) and malignancy are closely interlinked with the disease. We present a 21 years old lady with characteristic hyperpigmented lesions in lips and fingertips with multiple polyps in the GI tract. The patient was presented in general emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. Detail workout revealed the diagnosis as PJS. We have plotted the diagnosis according to the WHO criteria due to the lacking of genetic analysis facility. Patients with PJS are at high risk of intestinal and extraintestinal malignancy. Early diagnosis and polypectomy along with surveillance for recurrence may prolong cancer free lifetime.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 115- 120
Erythema Induratum of Bazin: A Rare Finding in an Old Woman with Subcutaneous Nodules in the Lower Limbs
Authors: Islam Nahida , Islam Md Shahidul , Sharmeen Atia , Sarker Susthir
Published: February 2023

Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is a chronic nodular eruption that frequently occurs on lower legs of young or middle-aged women. The clinical manifestations of EIB revealed various dermatological disorders that can be easily leads to misdiagnosis. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman who initially presented with EIB. The histopathological specimen was collected from her medial aspect of let leg. The epidermis is unremarkable. The dermis shows fibro fatty tissue, skin adnexae and foci of granuloma with Langhans type of giant cells and some lymphocytic infiltration in the deep dermis which was suggestive of erythema induratum. Her lesions responded to antitubercular therapy (ATT). This case study may help extend the therapeutic regimens for cutaneous tuberculosis.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 121-123
Health Literacy: Intervention and Outcome in Child Healthcare in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmin Saida , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ashique Shamsi Sumaiya , Jahan Asmay , Begum Munira
Published: February 2023

Bangladesh made significant improvements in child healthcare and achieved its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 (to reduce child mortality). In 2010, the United Nations recognized Bangladesh for its exceptional progress towards MDG 4 to reduce child and maternal mortality in the face of many socioeconomic challenges. We are also committed to achieve our Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) by 2030. Health education department of Government of Bangladesh prioritized several essential health interventions over the past decades. There were focuses on expanding immunization, tackling diarrhoea and pneumonia, vitamin A campaign, prevention of blindness, iodine deficiency, and improving adolescent health. These programmes and strategies were scaled-up nationwide. The government along with its stakeholders promoted widespread availability and affordability of those health literacy interventions with an emphasis on community-based approaches. As a result, inequities in coverage of specific interventions declined; this may explain the improvements seen amongst even the most disadvantaged populations of the country. Media campaigns played a great role, which were undertaken in Bangladesh for decades and involved a nationally broadcast television supported by radio, television, newspaper, and billboard advertisements and local promotion activities. We expect that ongoing public private partnerships (PPPs) in which the government contracts NGOs and the private sector will enable us greater success and coverage of health information and literacy services throughout the country.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 124-128
A Review of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Developmental Stages and Immunization Challenges
Authors: Sarkar Santana Rani , Ray Nitai Chandra
Published: February 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been spreading rapidly within the range of infected patients, with an alarming fatality rate, so it has become a global pandemic and public health concern. As a result of this situation, an accelerated track for vaccine development has been set in motion. A vaccine, which is made from biological products, would be the ultimate weapon against the coronavirus and the best way to return to normal life. Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been identified in preclinical models and are currently being tested in clinical trials. SARS and the virus that causes Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, are nearly identical, and both use spike proteins to bind to a specific receptor found on cells in human lungs. Based on previous involvement in the development of SARS-CoV vaccines, the SARS-CoV-2 immunization is currently being developed instantly in a variety of ways. Shortcuts in any of the steps of the research and development process can result in significant health hazards as well as a decrease in social confidence in the benefits of a vaccine. The purpose of this comprehensive review was to represent the developmental stages and challenges of various vaccine varieties used in the COVID-19 disorder.

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 129-135
New record of slipper lobster Thenus indicus Leach, 1816 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) from Bangladesh waters
Authors: Ahmed Md Sagir , Datta Sujan Kumar , Saha Tonmoy , Antu Durjoy Raha , Barua Anindita , Ahmed Sumaiya
Published: February 2023

Slipper lobster Thenus indicus Leach, 1816 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) has been recorded for the first time from Cox’s Bazar coast of the Bay of Bengal. The species was taxonomically identified by using the traditional morphometric method which was further validated by molecular approach based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA gene sequences (DNA barcodes). The key characteristics of this species are spotless pereiopods, 1st pereiopod merus width less than 7% of carapace length, and 3rd pereiopod merus length more than 45% of carapace length.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 11-19, 2023 (January)
A Brief Account on Protozoan Infection in Asian Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes Fossilis (Bloch, 1794) In Different Seasons of Bangladesh
Authors: Jhinu Zannatun Nahar , Parveen Rita , Bhuiyan Md Aminul Islam , Howlader Abdul Jabber
Published: February 2023

The study was conducted to identify the protozoan parasites in a freshwater indigenous air breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794). The host fish was collected during mid of the April 2018 to end of the March 2019 from freshwater bodies of Mymensingh, Kishoregonj, Faridpur, Jashore, Manikganj and Bogura districts of Bangladesh. Three species of phylum myxozoa namely Henneguya singhi, Henneguya qadrii, Henneguya mystusia, one species of phylum ciliophora namely Trichodina siddiquae and two species of phylum mastigophora namely Trypanosoma singhii and Piscinoodium pillulare were identified in H. fossilis. The parasites of all infected hostswere observed in gill, body slime and blood, however gillswere commonly infected by parasites rather than body slime and blood. Three species of parasite Piscinoodium pillulare, Henneguya qadrii and Henneguya mystusia were first recorded in this host fish and novel locality record in Bangladesh. H. fossilis was found to be infected over the three major (p<0.05) (summer, rainy and winter) seasons and demonstrated a strong significant association (P0<05) with season during the study period. In H. fossilis, highest variety and highest number of parasites were found in winter season, prevalence and intensity was found 78.31% and 5.17 respectively. Lowest prevalence and intensity were found in rainy season respectively 45.87 and 4.72. Among all the parasites Henneguya singhi was common in all the three seasons and its rate of infection was found elevated in summer (20.69%) and rainy season (19.27%). In H. fossilis prevalence of female fish were highest in all the three seasons, summer (55.22%), rainy (50.75%) and winter (85.57%) than their male counterparts 38.76%, 38.09% and 68.12%, respectively.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 21-32, 2023 (January)
Impacts of marine fishing ban on the ecology of hilsa In the Nijhum Dwip Seascape in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Makidul Islam , Smith Albert , Yeasmin Most Nilufa , Islam Md Monirul
Published: February 2023

Bangladesh government has imposed a 65-day marine fishing ban since 2015 to conserve marine fisheries, particularly to boost hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) production. However, the ecological impacts of the marine fishing bans on water quality and hilsa’s growth are not assessed yet. Thus, this study aims to contribute here using data from coastal waters and fish from pre-contacted fishers in the Nijhum Dwip seascape during and outside the fishing ban in 2021 – 2022. Data were analyzed using R software. The measured mean dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and transparency of the sample water were 7.1 ± 1.13 mg/l, 31.1 ± 0.71°C, 8.45 ± 0.07, 40000 ± 2828 μS/cm, 18000 ± 1414 mg/L and 63.5 ± 2.12 cm at 1 week prior to the ban ends (July) and 8.45 ± 0.21 mg/l, 22.35 ± 0.49°C, 8.45 ± 0.07, 20500 ± 1060.66 μS/cm, 10350 ± 212.13 mg/l and 63.5 ± 7.78 cm before the ban starts (February). The values might be varied due to seasonal differences. The mean length (38 cm) and weight (601 g) of sampled hilsa during the ban periodwere comparatively larger than the mean length (29 cm) and weight (229 g) of hilsa which were sampled during the outside fishing ban period. Therefore, this study concludes that the marine fishing ban has positive impact on the growth and size of hilsa. This study suggests that further research is required to assess the fishing ban’s impact on the growth and production of other coastal and marine fish species across the Bay of Bengal.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 33-43, 2023 (January)
Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Dhaka University Students
Authors: Rabby Md Reza a , Naher Roufun
Published: February 2023

Student mental health in the university setting has been an expanding concern. The COVID-19 pandemic could be detrimental to the psychological wellness of university students. The aim of this investigation was to see the mental health outcomes of Dhaka University students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A crosssectional survey using a convenient sampling technique was conducted among 193 students of the University of Dhaka within a time duration of 1 month. Data was gathered by utilizing the web survey including DASS-21BV, demographic questions, and health-related queries with respect to COVID-19. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was 64.2 % and 66.9%, respectively, and 51.8% of students reported mild to extremely severe levels of stress. Age group was significantly associated with DASS-21 depression subscale scores (χ2 (2)> =14.179, p= .007). Hall status was also significantly associated with DASS-21 anxiety subscale scores (χ2 (2)> =10.001, p= .040). Sleep-related queries with respect to COVID-19 were significantly associated with DASS-21 anxiety subscale scores (χ2 (2)> =24.135, p= .002). COVID-19-related queries on attention, enthusiasm, mental state, and self-confidencewere also significantly associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress levels (p<.001). The COVID-19 outbreak seems to have had a considerable psychological impact on Dhaka University students and would be benefited greatly through adequate support from the relevant authorities to cope with the situation mentally.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 45-55, 2023 (January)
The relationship between autonomy and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescents
Authors: Antu Antara Das , Bakul Fariea
Published: February 2023

Autonomy and cognitive emotion regulation both are important aspects of adolescent years. Previous research also indicates that an individual’s cognitive emotion regulation (CER) and autonomy is correlated. The present study aimed to gain more insight into the relationship between autonomy and cognitive emotion regulation of Bangladeshi adolescents. Cross sectional survey design was used covering 100 adolescents having an age range of 12-15 years of age for data collection. Participants completed the questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, adolescent autonomy questionnaire and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Correlation analysis suggests that autonomy support showed an increase in the adaptive emotion regulation. Regression analysis models revealed that adolescent autonomy significantly explained 14.6% of variance for adaptive emotion regulation, and 4.6% of variance for less adaptive emotion regulation. Findings from the present study embodied that Bangladeshi adolescents use more adaptive cognitive regulation than maladaptive emotion regulation. These findings have implications for parents, primary caregivers, child psychologists, and other relevant professionals who are and will be working with children/ adolescents in helping them to learn and enhance their autonomy for their future and effective cognitive regulation of emotion.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 57-64, 2023 (January)
Isolation of biotechnologically important enzyme producing Rhizobacteria from seasonal flower beds
Authors: Yeasmin Rahana , Saha Mihir Lal
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to isolate biotechnologically important enzyme like amylase and protease producing rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soil. Soil samples were collected from the rhizospherc of five different flowering plants from Curzon hall, University of Dhaka. A good number of bacteria were isolated. Among them 12 bacterial isolates were selected for detailed study based on their amylolytic and proteolytic activity. Starch hydrolysis ratio (SHR) of the studied isolates ranged in between 2.06 and 4.67, casein hydrolysis ratio (CHR) ranged in between 2.27 and 3.92. All the selected isolateswere Gram positive and rod shaped and provisionally identified as the member of the genus Bacillus with five different species viz. Bacillus alcalophilus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. firmus and B. lentus. Amylase and protease production of the studied bacteria were estimated and it was ranged in between 29.11±9.57 to 35.78 ± 9.05 and 230.27±37.08 to 276.47 ± 55.01 U/ml. The highest amylase and protease producer were Bacillus alcalophilus (Ce104/S9/L) which could produce 35.78 ± 9.05 U/ml and Bacillus subtilis (Ca71/S5/L) could produce 276.47 ± 55.01 U/ml of protease, respectively. Maximum production of both amylase and protease was achieved in 24 h of incubation period at 37°C and pH 7.0.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 65-71, 2023 (January)
Growth and yield performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by cow dung and NPK fertilizers
Authors: Alauddin Md , Rahman MK , Ali AHMZ
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, Bangladesh in rabi season in 2015-2016 to evaluate the effect of cow dung and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). Highest plant height (208.4 cm), leaf area (410.5 cm2) and leaf area index (12.75) were recorded in T16 (7.5 ton CD ha-1 +N120P90K150kg ha-1). Highest dry matter yield viz. stem (60.67g plant-1) found in treatment T16 (7.5 ton CD ha- 1+N120 P90K150kg ha-1). Maximum dry weight of leaf (25.33g plant-1) and dry weight of root (12.83g plant-1) were found in treatment T15 (7.5 ton CD ha-1 +N80P60K100kg ha-1). Highest dry weight of seed (64.7 g plant-1) and dry wt. of 100 seed (9.8 g) were found in treatment T15 (7.5 ton CD ha-1 +N80P60K100kg ha-1) but the highest number of seed (735.7plant-1) and florescence diameter (52.67 cm) were observed in treatment T13 (5 ton CD ha-1 +N120P90K150kg ha-1). Maximum total dry matter yield per plant was 92.01 g and per hectare was 5.75 ton in T16 (7.5 ton CD ha-1+N120P90K150kg ha-1). Results revealed that the combined application of cow dung and NPK fertilizers produced better growth and yield of sunflower in field condition at the coastal belt of Bangladesh.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 83-90, 2023 (January)
Influence of land type and cropping on the distribution of micronutrients in Ganges river floodplain soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sajidur , Hoque Sirajul , Jahiruddin M , Hossen Mohammad Sabbir
Published: February 2023

The soils of Ganges River Floodplain (GRFP), an important crop growing zone of the country, are known to be widely deficient in micronutrients. The study was conducted to relate the distribution and the fate of soil micronutrients in relation to land type, soil properties and cropping practices in GRFP.A total of 52 locations were selected for sample collection from across GRFP, varied in land type, soil series and cropping pattern, and analysed for DTPA extractable iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and hot water soluble boron (B). Most of the samples were found deficient in Zn and B, while a moderate number of samples were Fedeficient. The major reason of micronutrient deficiency was found to be high soil pH. Among the four soil series studied, Ghior series was most deficient in Zn and B, implying pedogenic differences among the soils. Significant effect of contrasting land types on the distribution of soil micronutrients was observed although the effect was not consistent. The rice-rice cropping pattern was found to have slightly higher contents of Mn, Zn and B compared to rice-non-rice pattern which might be due to longer submergence period in the soils under rice-rice pattern.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 91-105, 2023 (January)
Magnitudes of basic slag on iron dynamics in Two acid sulfate soils during 30-months of incubation under various moisture regimes
Authors: Khan Md Harunor Rashid
Published: February 2023

The magnitudes of basic slag (BS) at 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1 on iron dynamics in two acid sulfate soils (ASSs) under moisture at field capacity, saturated condition and wetting-drying cycle were studied during 30 months of incubation (25-30 0C). The impacts of BS in Sarisabari ASS were almost similar as those obtained in Purbapukuria ASS under various treatments, but the increments of pHs in Sarisabari ASS were not as pronounced as those observed in Purbapukuria ASS. The pH values were increased by about 1.0, 1.5 and 1.2 units in Sarisabari and 2.0, 1.7 and 1.5 in Purbapukuria ASSs, those received BS30 at field capacity, saturated condition and wetting-drying cycle, respectively and followed by BS20 > BS10 treatments. The contents of basic cations in the studiedASSswere low to medium, while acidic cations were very high in relation to the amounts found in the ASSs elsewhere. Magnesium contents were about 2 to 3 -folds than those of Ca but Fe contents were very high. The application of basic slag in the ASSs was found to reduce the acidity problems noticeably and decreased the Fe contents remarkably. Neutralization of acidity by BS30 at saturation moisture level was determined to be the best for both the ASSs followed by moisture at field capacity and wetting-drying cycle. The soil pH was found to have strong positive relationship with time, while the Fe contents showed strong negative relationship with the corresponding pHs of the ASSs. These indicate that the amelioration of ASSs by the application of BS is a sustainable reclamation and improvement measures regarding Fe toxicity of the soils.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 107-118 2023 (January)
Integrated effects of vermicompost, climatic factors and soil mixing on selected soil fertility indicators
Authors: Saha Mithun Kumar , Khan Md Harunor Rashid , Akter Suma , Hossain Md Bayazid
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of vermicompost (0, 10, and 15 tha-1), climatic elements i.e. soil moisture (50%, 70%, and 100%) and elevation of soil temperature (1 to 20C) on the physico-chemical properties and nutrient availability of post-harvest calcareous-acid mixed soils after rice production. A total of 18 treatments assembling the afore-mentioned doses was applied. The analyses of the soils demonstrated significant variation in effects (p ≤0.05) of the treatments on both the available nutrient status and the physicochemical properties of soils. Except for available sulfur; soil pH, EC, organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and sodium were detected in the higher amounts in 1:1 (calcareous : acid-soils) mixed soils than those of 1:3 mixed counterpart both in initial and post-harvest soil conditions. The highest levels of soil pH, OC, available P and Zn were determined in the treatment T13. Whereas, treatment T6 proved to be the best dose for the highest availability of Ca and Mg. The treatments T1, T2, T11, and T16 were recorded to have the lower OC, available N, P, Ca, Mg, Zn and S contents in soils. In particular, the availability of Na was found to be in lesser amounts in all the subplots. In a nutshell, most of the treatments exerted favourable influence in maintaining a healthy level of soil physico-chemical parameters owing to their inherent characteristics.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 119-134, 2023 (January)
Moniammatillisen yhteistyön kirjaaminen ja yhteistyötahojen asemointi esi- ja perusopetuksessa laadituissa oppimissuunnitelmissa ja HOJKS-asiakirjoissa
Authors: Kantele Pauliina , Vehkakoski Tanja
Published: February 2023

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, miten moniammatilliset yhteistyötahot asemoidaan esi- ja perusopetuksessa laadituissa oppimisen ja koulunkäynnin tuen asiakirjoissa. Tutkimusaineisto koostui 114 oppimissuunnitelmasta ja henkilökohtaisesta opetuksen järjestämistä koskevasta suunnitelmasta (HOJKS), jotka analysoitiin diskurssianalyyttisesti. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että yhteistyötahot asemoitiin asiakirjoissa viiteen eri positioon: äänetön läsnäolija, täydentävä tuentarjoaja, asiantuntija, auktoriteetti ja kumppani. Moniammatillisen yhteistyön kirjaaminen vaihteli pedagogisissa asiakirjoissa, eivätkä yhteistyötahojen vastuiden kirjaamiselle valtakunnallisissa opetussuunnitelmissa määritellyt tavoitteet täyttyneet kaikissa asiakirjoissa. Asiakirjojen laadun varmistamiseksi varhaiskasvatuksen ja perusopetuksen opettajien tietoisuutta asiakirjojen hyödyistä ja vaikuttavista kirjaamisen tavoista olisi lisättävä. Lisäksi kirjaamista raamittavien lomakepohjien olisi hyvä ohjata opettajia yhteistyötahojen vastuunjaon sekä tuen tarjoamiseen ja pedagogisiin ratkaisuihin liittyvien sopimusten yksityiskohtaiseen kirjaamiseen.
Opettajaksi opiskelevien erilaisia käsityksiä arviointitavoista
Authors: Kyttälä Minna , Björn Piia M.
Published: February 2023

Tarkastelemme, minkälaisia arviointitapoja opettajaksi opiskelevat nimeävät ja minkälaisia arviointivalmiustyyppejä he sen perusteella edustavat sekä miten eri arviointivalmiustyyppejä edustavat opiskelijat eroavat suoritettujen opintojen ja opetuskokemuksen suhteen. Aineisto (N=294) koostui sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella kerätyistä avoimista vastauksista. Se analysoitiin aineistolähtöisesti laadullista ja määrällistä sisällönanalyysia käyttäen ja sen jälkeen määrällisellä dikotomisten muuttujien latenttien luokkien analyysilla havainnollisiin tyyppeihin tiivistäen. Opiskelijat tuottivat monenlaisia arvioinnin tarkoituksiin ja arviointitiedon tuottamisen tapoihin liittyviä mainintoja, mutta monilla oli vielä hyvin kapea-alainen käsitys arviointitavoista. Opiskelijoissa oli neljä arviointivalmiustyyppiä, jotka erosivat suoritettujen opintojen, opetusharjoittelujen ja opetuskokemuksen suhteen.Tuntemus arvioinnin tarkoituksista oli laajempaa opiskelijoilla, joilla oli enemmän opintoja. Arviointitiedon tuottamisen tapojen tuntemus oli laajempaa opiskelijoilla, joilla oli enemmän opetuskokemusta. Tuloksia voidaan soveltaa opettajankoulutuksen arviointiin liittyvien opintosisältöjen ja -käytäntöjen kehittämistyössä sekä mietittäessä toimintamalleja uransa alkuvaiheessa olevien opettajien tukemiseen.
Vanhanaikainen, joustamaton ja välinpitämätön koulutus? Koulutusmarkkinat ja yritykset nuorten koulutuksen pelastajina Suomessa
Authors: Mertanen Katariina , Brunila Kristiina
Published: February 2023

Yksityisen sektorin merkitys nuorten koulutuksen järjestämisessä on vahvistunut Suomessa viime vuosikymmenien aikana merkittävästi. Valmennuskursseja, koulutusteknologiaa ja erilaisia hyvinvointi- ja opiskelijapalveluita tarjoavien yritysten verkosto vahvistaa jatkuvasti asemaansa koulutusta määrittelevissä ja rakentavissa keskusteluissa. Analysoimme tässä artikkelissa nuorten koulutusta tarjoavien yksityisten yritysten markkinointitekstejä ja tavoitelausumia koulutuksen markkinoitumisen näkökulmasta. Kysymme, minkälaisia ratkaistavia ongelmia yksityiset yritykset tuottavat materiaaleissaan ja minkälaisia oletuksia näiden ongelmien taustalla on. Yksityinen sektori rakentaa käsitystä koulutuksesta yksilöllisenä ja dekontekstualisoituna tietojen, taitojen, kykyjen sekä kompetenssien oppimisena ja perustelee omaa olemassaoloaan perinteisen koulutusjärjestelmän tehottomuudella, joustamattomuudella ja vanhanaikaisuudella.
Substituintes da farinha de trigo na elaboração de produtos de panificação sem glúten - uma revisão
Authors: Moraes Etiara de Mattos , Silva Leomar Hackbart da
Published: February 2023

A farinha de trigo é o principal ingrediente utilizado na fabricação de produtos de panificação, devido à capacidade de formar uma rede viscoelástica, capaz de reter o gás durante a etapa de fermentação da massa. No entanto, existe uma demanda por produtos sem glúten para atender a populações que apresentam restrições de consumo alimentar, como alergias, intolerâncias ou sensibilidade aos componentes do trigo. Objetivou-se nesta revisão apresentar as principais matérias-primas que têm sido utilizadas como alternativas a farinha de trigo para a elaboração de produtos de panificação sem glúten. Desta forma, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas principais bases de dados, Google Acadêmico, SciElo, Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science, utilizando-se termos relacionados ao assunto como: intolerância ao glúten, celíaco, alergia ao trigo e farinhas sem glúten. Foram selecionados 53 estudos, publicados no período de 2012 a 2022. A partir deste levantamento observou-se que a maioria dos estudos são direcionados ao desenvolvimento de formulações de biscoitos e pães sem glúten. Os principais materiais utilizados foram as farinhas de arroz, ervilha, amaranto e soja, geralmente utilizadas em combinações, sendo estas dependentes da finalidade, como, por exemplo, conferir crocância (textura) em biscoitos ou maciez em pães e bolos. Além disso, observou-se que a escolha das matérias-primas considera também o balanço nutricional, pois na maioria dos estudos as formulações foram desenvolvidas utilizando-se combinações entre fontes proteicas, amiláceas e fibrosas.