bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SOSIALISASI PAJAK, SANKSI DAN KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM PEMBAYARAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI KELURAHAN PASIR PUTIH
Authors: Lubis Siti Abina , Sanulika Aris
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of tax socialization, sanctions and taxpayer awareness on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building taxes. This research uses a quantitative method with an associative approach, the population in this research is 15,939 PBB Taxpayers in Pasir Putih Subdistrict in 2022, with a sample size of 100 respondents calculated using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, the sampling technique uses a technique simple random sampling. Data analysis methods use validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumptions, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination tests, T statistical tests, and F statistical tests with the help of SPSS version 26 software. The results of this research show that Tax Socialization, Sanctions and Taxpayer Awareness simultaneously influence Taxpayer Compliance. Partially, the Sanctions and Taxpayer Awareness variables have an effect on Taxpayer Compliance, while the Tax Socialization variable has no effect on Taxpayer Compliance. So it can be concluded that the lack of socialization that taxpayers see or find out about does not affect taxpayers' awareness of the importance of paying their obligations so that taxpayers can avoid applicable sanctions.
PENGARUH FINANCIAL DISTRESS DAN INTENSITAS ASET TETAP TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PERUSAHAAN DENGAN LEVERAGE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DALAM PERIODE 2017-2021
Authors: Husada Era Vivianti
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to test and analyze the effect of financial distress, fixed asset intensity on tax avoidance with leverage as moderation. The sample for this research uses logistics and transportation companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The data analysis method uses multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 25 software by carrying out several testing stages. The results of the research show that financial distress has a significant effect on tax avoidance, while fixed asset intensity has no effect on tax avoidance, while Leverage Moderation on the Relationship between Financial Distress and Tax Avoidance and Leverage Moderation on the Relationship between Fixed Asset Intensity and Tax Avoidance have a significant influence. Simultaneously, the variables financial distress and fixed asset intensity simultaneously or jointly influence tax avoidance with leverage as moderation.
PENGARUH DISKRIMINASI PAJAK, PEMAHAMAN PERPAJAKAN, DAN SANKSI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP PERSEPSI PENGGELAPAN PAJAK PADA KPP PRATAMA SERPONG
Authors: Wulandari Liana Novi , Sanulika Aris
Published: January 2024

This research aims to examine the influence of tax discrimination, understanding of taxation, and tax sanctions on perceptions of tax evasion. This research uses quantitative methods with an associative approach. The population is known to be 49,019 taxpayers, which is determined by the Slovin formula. The research sample was 100 respondents registered at KPP Pratama Serpong using SPSS version 25. The sampling technique used probability sampling with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, it shows that tax discrimination, understanding taxes and tax sanctions influence the perception of tax evasion both partially and simultaneously.
PENGARUH TRANSFER PRICING, DEWAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN DAN KEPEMILIKAN ASING TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI PRIMER YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2018-2022)
Authors: Madani Dini Nur , Djohar Chaidir
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to determine or test the influence of Transfer Pricing, Independent Board of Commissioners and Foreign Ownership on Tax Avoidance in primary consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The population of this research is all primary consumer goods industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018 to 2022. The sample for this research was obtained using a purposive sampling method, where only 86 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange met the criteria, so that 7 data were obtained. which was used as a research sample. The data source in this research was obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange website. This research uses a multiple regression model to test the influence of each variable on tax avoidance. From this research the results show that Transfer Pricing, Independent Board of Commissioners and Foreign Ownership have an influence on Tax avoidance.
PENGARUH STRATEGI BISNIS, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN, DAN INVENTORY INTENSITY TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER NON CYCLICAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018 – 2022
Authors: Muhamad Ridwan  , Neneng Hasanah
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of Business Strategy, Sales Growth,and Inventory Intensity towards Tax Avoidance in companies consumer noncyclical 2018-2022. The population used in this research is the company consumernon cyclical listed on the IDX in 2018-2022. The sample used in this research was13 sample companies with a research observation period of 5 years in the 2018-2022 period and the number of financial reports sampled in this research was65.This research also analyzes data using panel data regression on EViews version12 software. The results of this research show that business strategy and salesgrowth influence tax avoidance. Temporary,inventory intensity has no effect on taxavoidance. However, simultaneously Business Strategy, Sales Growth,andInventory Intensity have a simultaneous effect on tax avoidance
Self-Confidence dan Kecemasan Komunikasi Interaktif Pada Siswi Putri yang Tinggal di Asrama
Authors: Siti Arifah
Published: January 2024

Kecemasan dalam Komunikasi Interaktif merupakan respon negatif berupa rasa cemas yang muncul saat seseorang berkomunikasi, khususnya pada tingkatan interpersonal. Individu ini seringkali gagal dalam mengantisipasi emosi negatif mereka, sehingga berupaya untuk menghindari komunikasi. Kepercayaan Diri (Self-confidence) dengan arah yang positif, membuat seseorang mampu membentuk penilaian baik tentang diri sendiri dan situasi atau lingkungan mereka. Hal ini dapat mengurangi perasaan cemas saat berkomunikasi secara interpersonal. Studi ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara Kepercayaan Diri dengan Kecemasan Komunikasi Interaktif pada siswi MAN 1 Jombang yang tinggal di asrama. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, Kepercayaan Diri menjadi Variabel Independen, sementara Kecemasan Komunikasi Interpersonal mendefinisikan Variabel Dependennya. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui instrumen skala Kepercayaan Diri dan skala Kecemasan Komunikasi Interpersonal. Hasil validitas item Kepercayaan Diri menunjukkan nilai validitas antara 0,349 hingga 0,744, dengan reliabilitas koefisien Alpha Cronbach sebesar 0,958. Sedangkan untuk hasil validitas item Kecemasan Komunikasi Interaktif, nilai validitasnya berkisar antara 0,349 hingga 0,801 dengan reliabilitas koefisien Alpha Cronbach juga sebesar 0,958. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan adanya hubungan negatif antara Kepercayaan Diri dan Kecemasan Komunikasi Interaktif pada siswi asrama MAN 1 Jombang (rxy = -0,608, sig.= 0.000 < 0.05), yang berarti semakin tinggi Kepercayaan Diri siswi, maka Kecemasan Komunikasi Interpersonalnya cenderung semakin rendah. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa siswi di asrama MAN 1 Jombang dengan Kepercayaan Diri tinggi adalah 15,94% (11 orang), sedang 68,12% (47 orang), dan rendah 15,94% (11 orang). Adapun untuk siswi yang memiliki Kecemasan Komunikasi Interaktif tinggi ada 9 orang (13,04%), sedang sebanyak 49 orang (71,02%) dan rendah 11 orang (15,94%).
Hafting of a Neolithic leister: Identification of adhesives from Lolland (Denmark)
Authors: Koch Tabea Joanna , Groß Daniel , Måge Bjørnar Tved , Little Aimée
Published: January 2024

Birch tar has been identified as the predominant adhesive used for hafting purposes in the European Mesolithic and Neolithic. Its role in the manufacture of composite tools and weapons comprising wooden, bone and flint components attests its importance during these periods. The discovery of birch tar lumps, some bearing tooth imprints, suggests a broader range of functions beyond its adhesive properties. In this study, we present an analysis of five residues from two sites (Syltholm II and Strandholm I) that have been excavated through the Femern project, with the aim to shed light on the adhesives used in relation to their functions. Through chemical analyses, we show that birch tar constitutes the main component of two lumps and one chewed piece. We also found that birch tar served to haft a bone point within leister prongs, providing new information on its previously unknown role in composite fishing tool technology. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the functional role and performance of birch tar in aquatic environments.
Strain modulation effect of superlattice interlayer on InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well
Authors: Cao Wen-Yu , Zhang Ya-Ting , Wei Yan-Feng , Zhu Li-Juan , Xu Ke , Yan Jia-Sheng , Zhou Shu-Xing , Hu Xiao-Dong ,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Technology, Hubei TECH Semiconductor Co., Ltd, Xiangyang 441021, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China,   State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: January 2024

The strong piezoelectric field in InGaN/GaN heterostructure quantum wells severely reduces the light emission efficiency of multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. To address this issue, a strain modulation interlayer is commonly used to mitigate the piezoelectric polarization field and improve the luminescence performance of the devices. To investigate the influence and mechanism of strain modulation in the InGaN/GaN superlattice (SL), epitaxial wafers with an n-type InGaN/GaN SL interlayer sample, and their corresponding control samples are prepared. The measured temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the epitaxial wafers, show that the introduction of an SL interlayer leads to a shorter-wavelength emission and enhancement of internal quantum efficiency. As the temperature increases, a blue shift of the PL peak is observed. However, for the sample with an SL interlayer, the blue shift of the PL peak with temperature increasing is relatively small. Electroluminescence (EL) experiments indicate that the introduction of an SL interlayer significantly increases the integrated intensity of the EL peak and reduces its full width at half maximum. These phenomena collectively indicate that the incorporation of a superlattice interlayer can partly suppress the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) that affects the light emission efficiency. Theoretical calculations show that the introduction of a superlattice strain layer before growing an active multiple quantum well can weaken the polarization-induced built-in electric field in the active quantum well, reduce the tilt of the energy band in the multiple quantum well active region, increase the overlap of electron and hole wave functions, enhance the emission probability, shorten the radiative recombination lifetime, and promote competition between radiative recombination and non-radiative recombination, thereby achieving higher recombination efficiency and improving light emission intensity. This study provides experimental and theoretical evidence that the strain modulation SL interlayer can effectively improve the device performance and offer guidance for optimizing the structural design of devices.
Empreendedorismo feminino: uma análise das mudanças ocorridas de 2009 e 2019
Authors: Dos Santos Karina Cassia Costa , Silva Stéffany Laynny dos Santos , Maciel Anne Caroline Furtunato Queiroga , De Oliveira Maria Eduarda Vasconcelos , Silva Rafaele Maria dos Santos , De Oliveira Rebeka Melo , Ferreira Maria Luiza Andrade , Ceolin Alessandra Carla
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: analisar as particularidades e mudanças ocorridas no empreendedorismo feminino no Brasil em dez anos, explorando para tal as informações apresentadas pela pesquisa Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) nos anos de 2009 e 2019. Design/metodologia/abordagem: pesquisa descritiva e exploratória utilizando dados secundários disponibilizados pela Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) nos anos de 2009 e 2019, comparando-os com dados apresentados pelo SEBRAE, IBGE e Instituto Rede Mulher Empreendedora (IRME), cujas análises ocorreram mediante auxílio de planilhas e gráficos do software Excel. Resultados: o Brasil apresentou crescimento nas principais taxas de empreendedorismo, sendo uma delas a Taxa de Empreendedorismo Total (TTE) cujo aumento foi de 10%, dando ao país boas colocações no ranking entre outros países. Foi observado que as mulheres apresentam percentual menor na taxa de empreendedorismo estabelecido, o que evidencia o pouco tempo de vida nos negócios liderados por mulheres, podendo ser explicado por inúmeros fatores que vão desde o social até o financeiro e destaca a necessidade de políticas de apoio e incentivo ao empreendedorismo feminino. Limitações da pesquisa: identificou-se que a maioria dos dados apresentados se refere ao empreendedorismo geral, demonstrando a ausência de dados mais específicos ao empreendedorismo feminino. Originalidade: o estudo promove a discussão sobre a necessidade de adoção de postura compromissada de estímulo e geração de condições favoráveis para o florescimento do empreendedorismo feminino no Brasil devido aos muitos entraves históricos relacionados à posição social da mulher.
Investigation of the Relationship between Sexist Language Use and Demographic Variables
Authors: Ozdemir Hulusi , Basbug Firat , Andic Sezin
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of language on gender roles. In particular, the study investigated the extent to which traditional masculinity roles are adopted and how this adoption process depends on demographic factors. The research sample consists of 239 female participants (65.7%) and 125 male participants (34.3%). The age range of the participants was determined as 18 to 40 years. The average age of the participants was 26.57 (SD= 5.57). Demographic information form and Masculinity Roles Scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, t-test for independent groups and correlation analyses were performed. The results of the research may indicate that while males adopt all traditional masculinity roles more than females, males may use a language that reflects a sexist attitude and this language may show more prominent features in daily communication. Mother and father education levels may play a determining role in the use of sexist language. If the mother's level of education is low, the use of sexist language may become more prominent and the opposition of status, masculinity and femininity may be more prominent in this language. Low level of father's education may emphasise sexism. While sexist identity decreased with increasing age, it was observed that this decrease became more evident as the level of education increased. This study emphasises the important role of language in the construction of gender roles and communication. According to the research, it establishes a complex relationship between language, thought and gender perceptions and this relationship can be influenced by demographic factors. Therefore, it is important to consider factors such as social influences and educational level in order to understand and reduce sexist language. Keywords: Gender roles, language, society
Evaluation of the Nutritional, Antioxidant and Physiochemical Properties of Rice Flour Fortified with the Nigeria Native "IGBEMO" Rice Bran Flour
Authors: Aluko Babatunde Olaoluwa , Awolu Olufemi Olugbenga , Bamidele Sekinat Olayemi
Published: January 2024

The study evaluate the physicochemical, functional and nutritional properties of rice flour fortified with Nigeria native rice bran flour. Response surface methodology was used and a total of thirteen runs was generated. The four best runs were selected from the thirteen based on the composition of their crude protein and fibre content viz: run (1, 4, 8 and 10). The proximate composition of the selected runs in protein (7.33-9.47%) and crude fibre (0.79-4.99%) respectively. The functional properties of the flours were WAC (77.72-84.95%), OAC (110.73-127.81%), foaming capacity (5.00-5.90%), swelling capacity (201.00-271.00 g/ml) has the best result obtained in run 8 respectively. The anti-nutritional factor of the flours were oxalate (0.270-1.305 mg/g), tannin (1.060-1.941 mg/g), alkaloid (6.813-10.413 mg/g) and phytate (9.476-19.364 mg/g). Further analyses on the mineral components of the flour blends showed high amount in potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron and also appreciable amount of both zinc and copper. More so, the antioxidant properties of the flour samples were Fe2+ chelation (0.270-1.305%), FRAP (3.261-8.689 mg AAE/g), DPPH (69-76%), ABTS (0.011-0.023%), total flavonoid (0.009-0.050%) and total phenol (2.310-4.544%). The flours also showed high amount of insoluble fibres against soluble fibres. Hence, the flour blends could serve as a wheat flour substitute. Bread was produced from the composite flour blends and subjected to sensory evaluation on a nine point hedonic scale with overall acceptability in the range of (5.80 -6.03), crumbiness (6.17 – 6.57) and crustiness (6.30 -6.63).
English Language Problems and Communication Competence of Students: The Mediating Role of Smartphone Apps in ESL Learning
Authors: Naparan Emman Clark P. , Bacasmot Jocelyn B.
Published: January 2024

This study determined the mediating role of smartphone apps in ESL learning on the relationship between English language problems and students' communication competence. Using an adapted survey questionnaire implemented electronically through Google Forms, the data was gathered from the senior high students enrolled in the 1st-semester academic year 2023 – 2024 at three private academic institutions in Davao City. A descriptive-correlational design was utilized. Mean, Pearson r, Linear Regression Analysis, and Medgraph using Sobel z-test were used for the data analysis. Results revealed that students' English language problems were moderate (x̄=2.85). Students' communication competence was high (x̄=3.59), and their use of smartphone apps in ESL learning was high (x̄=4.15). There was a significant negative relationship between English language problems and communication competence (r=-.186, p<0.001) and a significant positive relationship between smartphone app use in ESL learning and communication competence (r=.328, p<0.001). However, the negative relationship between English language problems and smartphone apps use in ESL learning (r=-.034, p=.518) was not statistically significant. Furthermore, Medgraph and Sobel's z-test revealed that smartphone app use in ESL learning had no significant effect on the relationship between English language problems and communication competence (z= -.643, p>0.01). This study contributed significant insight to the discussion of the ubiquitous role of smartphone apps in ESL learning and its implications for communication competence.
Myeloprotective and Hematinic Influence of Harungana madagascariensis in Benzene-initiated Onco-hematologic Process in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ola Olaniyi Solomon , Nwamaka Clement-Iroh Favour , Fagbohun Funmilayo Deborah
Published: January 2024

Background: Harungana madagascariensis is a medicinal plant that is traditionally utilized for the treatment of anaemia. Benzene constitutes an occupational toxicant due to its adverse effect on hematology of exposed industrial workers leading to onco-hematology. Therefore, the efficacy of Harungana madagascariensis against benzene-induced pre-leukaemic condition was investigated in rat model.

Methodology: Hematological disturbance leading to pre-leukemic conditions was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of 400mg/kg of benzene in propan-2-ol:water (1:1 v/v) every other day for 28 days. Following benzene intoxication, 200 mg/ kg HM was administered orally for 14 days. Hematological parameters and blood cell morphology were compared between baseline control and benzene-intoxicated rats with or without HM extract treatment.

Results: BZ-induced hematologically disturbed rats exhibited anaemic symptoms marked by reduction in hemoglobin level, red blood cells, and packed cell volume with morphologic blast cell appearance, polychromasia, hypersegmented neutrophil, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. Moreover, there was an altered redox status depicted by a significant reduction in plasma level of total sulfhydryl content with concomitant increase in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) that were accompanied by increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and hypercellularity in the bone marrow of benzene intoxicated rats. However, treatment with Harungana madagascariensis restored blood hematology and alleviated the blood cell morphological alteration induced by benzene. It also improved plasma redox status, reduced the frequency of micronucleus and improve the architecture of bone marrow cellularity in treated intoxicated rats.

Conclusion: Harungana madagascariensis protected against benzene-induced hematological alterations leading to pre-leukemic conditions in Wistar rats.
Powering Ahead: Current Landscape of Electric Vehicles (EV) in India
Authors: Kailashkumar. B  , Elanchezhiyan. M
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles have gained widespread acceptance globally, driven by increasing awareness of environmental issues and government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation. The market for electric vehicles has witnessed exponential growth, with major automotive manufacturers investing heavily in research and development to bring innovative and competitive electric models to the market. The core technology of electric vehicles revolves around electric powertrains, which replace traditional internal combustion engines with electric motors powered by rechargeable batteries. This shift not only reduces reliance on fossil fuels but also significantly decreases greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the mitigation of climate change. Recent advances in battery technology, particularly in energy density and cost reduction, play a pivotal role in enhancing the range and affordability of electric vehicles. The transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) has gained significant momentum in India, in recent years. This paper examines the current status of electric vehicles in the Indian market, including government initiatives, infrastructure development, challenges, and future prospects. The analysis highlights the key factors driving the adoption of EVs, the state of charging infrastructure, policy framework, and the impact of electric mobility on the environment and the economy.
Growth and Yield of Sugarcane (Saccharam officinarum) as Influenced by Planting Materials and Plant Geometry
Authors: Sathiya K. , Thirumurugan A. , Ragavan T. , Sundaravadana S. , Vanitha C. , Harisudan C.
Published: January 2024

Field experiments were conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur, from 2010 to 2012, aiming to investigate the impact of plant geometry (5 x 2 ft single row, 5 x 1 ft double row) and various planting materials (single budded setts, double budded setts, and transplanting of sprouted seedlings). The results indicated that transplanting cane using chip bud seedlings exhibited significant establishment and vigor compared to direct planting of setts. In terms of planting geometry, the crop planted in a 5 x 1 ft double row configuration demonstrated a higher number of tillers and millable cane. However, when considering single cane weight, commercial cane sugar percentage, and benefit-cost ratio, the 5 x 2 ft planted crop outperformed, showcasing higher cane yield in comparison to other treatments.
Recognition and Prevention of Hospitalised Malnutrition: A Case Report
Authors: Elfagi Salima , Nouh Faiza , Boshofa Esra
Published: January 2024

Rationale: Poly-trauma post road traffic accident often induces a state of malnutrition due to the pathological changes and the insufficient protein and caloric intake for long time. If left unmanaged, malnutrition will have negative consequences on rehabilitation. Nutritional intervention provides caloric requirements and the nutritional support necessary to cover the daily nutritional needs and help contrast hospitalised infections. Our hypothesis is that integration of organised and continuous nutritional assessment and management can enhance prevent the state of malnutrition and increase rehabilitation outcomes.

Patient Concerns: We present the case of an adult man with Poly-trauma post caused by road traffic. The patient underwent tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) procedures, had severe consciousness disorder.

Diagnosis: He has severe consciousness disorder that necessitated the tracheostomy and the PEG.

Interventions: Our approach included regular nutritional assessment and caloric calculation and implementation of as well as the gradual introduction of diet from NPO to clear liquid, as well as using of supplements and enteral formulas.

Outcomes: The patient was followed for seven months during which the metabolic/nutritional pattern and the blood tests improved, normal weight restored, and consciousness regained.

Conclusion: Nutritional intervention integrated has prevented drastic loss in weight, a better recovery, and the stabilization of the metabolic-nutritional framework. Nutritional approach used has contributed to the reduction of recovery times, making the therapeutic path more effective and applicable.
Efficacy of Novel Fungicides against the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Causing Panama wilt of Banana
Authors: Shukla D. N. , Tiwari Pankaj , Singh S. K. , Tiwari Rohit
Published: January 2024

Panama wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 is considered as most devastating disease of bananas. In Bihar, this disease became a menace to banana growers of Bihar due to introduction of new highly virulent strains i.e.TR 4 strain B2. The objectives of this study were to evaluate newly available fungicides under in vitro and in vivo conditions for the efficient management of the Panama wilt of banana. Fourteen different fungicides and novel chemicals were tested in vitro as well as in vivo conditions. Native (tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25%) was found to exhibit 100% inhibition over control in vitro whereas in pot conditions 86.2% inhibition over control was observed against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR 4 strain B2 in cultivar Alpan (AAB).
Elucidation of Genetic Variability for Seed Yield and Its Component Traits, along with Association Studies in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh.]
Authors: Yadav Harikant , Panwar R. K. , Verma S. K. , Arora Anju , Singh N. K. , Gaur Amit Kumar , Bhatt Ashish , Rana Anupriya , Pragati Kumari
Published: January 2024

The experimental material consisted of fifty-five pigeonpea genotypes sown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during the kharif, 2020-2021 crop seasons at the N. E. B. Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The components of genetic variance, correlation, and path coefficient were estimated for seed yield and its component by using fifty five pigeonpea genotypes. The highest PCV (> 20%) was recorded for characters, viz. number of secondary branches per plant (62.34%), number of primary branches per plant (37.65%), number of pods per plant (33.00 %), and seed yield per plant (31.84%), and lowest estimates (< 10%) of PCV were found for days to 50% flowering (9.45%) and days to maturity (5.74%). The high estimates of GCV (> 20%) were recorded for traits viz., number of secondary branches (42.16%), number of pods per plant (32.65 %), and seed yield/plant (30.54%), and lowest estimates of GCV were (<10%) for days to 50% flowering (9.43%) and days to maturity (5.71%) number of seeds per pod (5.28 %) and 100-seed weight (9.51 %). The number of pods per plant, (0.858) had high positive direct effects on the seed yield per plant along with a positive and significant correlation (rp=0.77). Based on the present investigation, it is evident that delving into genetic variability, correlations, and path analyses provides a more effective approach for selection of superior cultivars for yield and related traits.
Heritability Studies in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Prajapati Pragati J. , Patel Jyotindra N. , Patel Parthik , Gowda Darshini , Solanki Ritesh
Published: January 2024

Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for fruit yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were examined at Main Vegetable Research Station (MVRS) of Anand Agricultural University, Anand, for the kharif-rabi season of 2022-23. The experimental material is made-up of six families developed for generation mean analysis from nine diverse parents viz., 2012/TODVAR-1, AVTOV 1007, GAT-5, 2015/TOLCV RES-1, 2014/TOOV-10, 2016/TOV-10, 2017/TOLV-4, and 2015/2016/TOLCV RES-4. The results show that family I, II, III, and family V exhibited higher values of broad sense heritability with higher genetic advance, was a positive indication of presence of additive gene action and suggests selection methods for improvement of this trait via selection procedures. Higher values of genetic advance were reported highest for lycopene content (452.67 %) for family I and (212.85 %) for family III, 1000 seed weight for family V. This study suggests that improvement of yield and associated traits in L. esculentum should be focused on character basis and requirement of breeding programs.
Integrating Remote Sensing Data and MODFLOW Modeling for Sustainable Groundwater Resource Management and Monitoring in the Guinea Region, West Africa
Authors: Akhtar Seemab , Rampurawala Abdul
Published: January 2024

Groundwater is vital in ensuring water security, supporting agriculture, and sustaining ecosystems in the Guinea region of West Africa. However, the region faces increasing challenges related to groundwater availability and quality due to population growth and climate change. This research presents pixel-based spatial-temporal trends assessment of groundwater mappings using an integrated approach that combines remote sensing data with MODFLOW modelling. The study focuses on the Guinea region, characterized by diverse topography and hydrogeological conditions. Remote sensing data, including satellite imagery of shallow groundwater storage (GWS), relative humidity, temperature, NDVI, and rainfall, provided valuable insights into observing hydrological cycles and climate changes. The MODFLOW modelling framework was employed to simulate groundwater flow (Hydraulic Heads) and variability of groundwater levels. It enabled the investigation of groundwater recharge and discharge processes, as well as the impact of climatic variations on groundwater dynamics. Furthermore, the trend modelling approach facilitated and revealed that the direction of the western to the northern part of the study area suffered from a depletion rate of groundwater level. The integrated analysis of remote sensing data and MODFLOW modelling highlights the complex interactions between climate change and groundwater resources. This research underscores the importance of proactive and informed groundwater management strategies to ensure the sustainable use of this invaluable resource. By combining remote sensing technology and groundwater modelling, it offers a holistic approach to support evidence-based decision-making for groundwater resource management and monitoring in the Guinea region of the West Africa.
A Current Update on Neospora caninum
Authors: Fayisa Wakgari Oljira
Published: January 2024

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, which was first identified as a cause of canine paralysis. This parasite is now recognized as an important cause of reproductive problems and abortion in cows.  Prior to its first recognition in Norwegian dogs in 1984 and consequential classification as a distinct species in 1988, many N. caninum infections were misdiagnosed as toxoplasmosis. Neospora has a complex life cycle and transmission routes. Carnivores probably become infected by ingesting tissue cysts containing bradyzoites, and herbivores probably become infected by the ingestion of food or drinking water contaminated by N. caninum sporulated oocysts from the feces of carnivores. During pregnancy it becomes activated again, breaks out of the tissue cysts and migrates to the placenta. Infection of the placenta may lead to abortion, which would provide a source of contaminated meat for definitive hosts. In addition, the parasite may be transmitted to the foetus, which can lead to the birth of congenitally and persistently infected calves. Most reports of neosporosis outbreaks have occurred in cows that are intensively managed; thus, the incidence increases as larger cattle farms with intensive feeding practices become more common. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histopathology of fetus are used for diagnosis. At present, there is no effective treatment for bovine neosporosis. Control of abortion in infected cattle depends on saving food and water sources and the grazing environment from feces of carnivores, properly discarding aborted feoutus and control of dog.
High speed puncture impact studies of three low pressure styrene thermoplastic structural foam plaques
Authors: Progelhof R. C. , Kumar S. , Throne J. L.
Published: April 2003

The constant velocity puncture impact characteristics of three polystyrene low pressure thermoplastic structural foam plaques manufactured at identical processing conditions were measured. The test results showed that the impact performance varied, significantly over the plaque but with less variation between plaques. However, the variation does illustrate the difficulty in predicting impact performance of TSF parts. The specimens failed in a brittle manner though some did exhibit ductile compression under the impactor before the plaque failed in a brittle manner. The energy to fracture was satisfactorily correlated with a power law relationship.
A new means of monitoring polymers on‐line
Authors: Orwoll Richard D.
Published: April 2003

Resin uniformity is crucial to the resin supplier and the processor. A new instrument has been developed by Rheometrics, Incorporated to assist the plastics industry. It allows the processors of polymer melts to apply powerful rheological techniques to polymer processing problems on a real‐time basis. The operation of the new Rheometrics On‐Line Rheometer (ROR) is described. The advantages and disadvantages of other approaches to real‐time measurements are given for comparison. Details of some very useful research with polypropylene are discussed.
“Structural web molding” a new development in low pressure smooth surface technology
Authors: Anderson Dave , Hunerberg Ed
Published: April 2003

Structural web molding has much to offer our industry by augmenting the structural foam process while at the same time creating new applications for structural plastic products. With future trends towards dwindling resources and ever increasing energy and labor costs, this new technology has the ability to meet these challenges head on; by reducing finishing costs, molding lighter weight parts without sacrificing performance and increasing productivity with shorter cycle times.

Product development programs are just beginning, with specific goals for determining detailed knowledge of process conditions and cost data. In the near future, we hope to report on the first commercial application of the structural web process.
A finite element computer simulation of a pvc pipe extrusion process
Authors: Calhoun Philip R.
Published: April 2003

This paper discusses the development and verification of a finite element heat transfer computer program which can simulate a PVC pipe extrusion process. The simulation is broken down into seven phases which represent various thermal conditions throughout the process.
Single‐Screw devolatilizer for polymer melts
Authors: Scharer Hans R. , Rizzi Marc A. , Hold Peter
Published: April 2003

Changes in air quality standards and new polymer manufacturing technologies have renewed interest in polymer melt devolatilizing. Unfortunately, little data is available to aid in the design and scale up of melt devolatilizing single‐screw extruders.

As part of the ongoing development activities of Farrel Company, melt devolatilizing in various devices has been under study for a number of years. In order to be able to develop analytical methods of predicting performance and scaling up from small scale test stands, some elementary devolatilizing studies were carried out. Theoretical predictions based on classical diffusion theory were compared with actual results, leading to a revised model of the actual melt devolatilizing process. Based on this revised model, several novel single screw devolatilizing concepts were proposed, built and tested. In this paper, we are presenting some of the theoretical work underlying these studies as well as test results on conventional single‐screw devolatilizing sections. We hope to be in a position to divulge additional information on some of the novel devolatilizing devices at the time of the presentation of the paper.
Using ram velocity to control IMM part quality
Authors: Aloise A. C. , Notte A. J. , Rizzi M. A.
Published: April 2003

One of the primary factors to consider during an injection molding cycle is the judicious switch‐over from HIGH to HOLD injection pressure setting. Historically, this switchover was effected either as a function of time or ram position. Unfortunately, neither of those parameters correlated satisfactorily to the processing event that was supposed to be detected, i.e., the “packing” of molten polymer in the mold. There are several IMM Process Controllers that directly sense rate of change of cavity pressure, but these require special transducers to be inserted in the mold. This paper describes a scheme that uses the feedback of injection ram velocity to determine mold packing and the resulting optimum point at which pressure switchover should be initiated.
Computer integrated manufacturing for plastic parts
Authors: Singh Kamar J.
Published: April 2003

Productivity gains from a CAD/CAM system through integration with other factory automation systems have shown tremendous benefits for the plastics industry. For successful utilization of CAD/CAM systems, companies have to maximize the use of electronic data base and communication with other systems. General Electric, through its Calma operation, is aggressively addressing these integration opportunities in the plastics industry. The importance of the Computer Integrated Manufacturing system along with design and engineering tools available for increased productivity, are described in this paper.
Experimental techniques for analyzing distributive laminar mixing in continuous flows
Authors: Strasser Rolland A. , Erwin Lewis
Published: April 2003

This paper addresses experimental techniques for evaluating distributive laminar mixing in continuous flows. Analysis of mixing performance for arbitrary mixers and fluids is too complex to be solved from first principles for all but the simplest systems. Procedures for the acquisition and interpretation of mixing data from modelled mixers under laboratory analysis are reviewed, and guidelines for future mixing experimentation are presented.
Microcomputers in small injection molding machines—operation and design
Authors: Klein H. , Morell H.‐J.
Published: April 2003

Modern, trend‐setting small injection molding machines should be designed so that they open up new applications to the plastics processor through utilization of microelectronics. In the sector of control, it would be equivalent to stagnation if only the familiar functions were realized with modern control circuits of a higher integration level and if the possibilities of these modules were not utilized to simplify operation, to expand the technological possibilities, and to illustrate the sequences of processes. The mechanical and hydraulic designs should be adjusted to these requirements.

The design and extent of the electronic control system should be such as to ensure an economically reasonable relation between extra price and additional benefit—a basic requirement for offering standard supplies.
Basis for the design of single‐screw devolatilizing extruders
Authors: Potente H.
Published: April 2003

The mathematical treatment of single‐screw devolatilizing extruders has been based up until now on the Newtonian law of flow. Only very recently have mathematical models been developed that take into account the intrinsically viscous behavior of plastic melts. Here, however, solutions are possible only by using numerical procedures.

In this paper, a different approach is taken. On the basis of known numerical solutions and experimental investigations, approximation equations are presented that enable devolatilizing extruders to be designed by relatively simple means. There is good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.
The DISKPACK plastics compounder
Authors: Valsamis Lefteris N. , Donoian Gary S.
Published: April 2003

The design and operation of a 150mm multistage co‐rotating disk polymer compounder (DISKPACK

Trademark of Farrel Company

) are presented and discussed. The processor consists of five parallel fed melting chambers followed in series by four mixing, one venting, and one pumping chamber. The experimental operational characteristics, specifically melting, mixing, degassing, and pumping of the processor for a variety of polymer compounds are presented and discussed. Examples of extensive and intensive mixing are presented.
Expandable polystyrene beads: Preexpansion processing
Authors: Tock Richard Wm. , Fuller Robert , Barron Jerry
Published: April 2003

Because the expansion of expandable polystyrene beads (EPS) results in a reduction in bulk density of more than one‐thirtieth, the beads require a pre‐expansion step prior to the final molding operation. Hence, the pre‐expansion process has become an important unit operation for foamed bead molders. This article presents some of the design concepts used for EPS pre‐expansion processing. Included are the characteristics of startup, temperature control and agitation during operation, and shutdown procedures. By following the suggestions outlined, the pre‐expansion process should deliver a uniform product, regardless of the raw bead supplier, and thereby help eliminate waste due to poor foam structure.
The effect of compounding on the conductive properties of EMI shielding compounds
Authors: Bigg D. M.
Published: April 2003

Conductive fillers are currently being evaluated for their ability to produce conductive plastic parts which shield electromagnetic interference (EMI). These fillers all have a geometrical characteristic to them which makes them susceptible to damage during compounding and processing. In this paper the effects of compounding and processing on the electrical properties of compounds produced from a variety of conductive fillers are presented. These fillers include carbon black, carbon fibers, aluminum‐coated glass fibers, stainless steel fibers, and aluminum flakes. Thermoplastic polymers were used as matrices in the preparation of the conductive compounds. This study shows that a balance must be reached between dispersive mixing requirements and minimizing damage to the filler particles.
PET beverage bottles: Carbonation losses in perspective
Authors: Tock Richard Wm. , Woo Christy , Watson Jim , Schwarz Richard
Published: April 2003

Plastic bottles for carbonated beverages have many advantages over glass and metal containers. However, plastic bottles are also known to be imperfect barriers for gaseous fluids; i.e., they are semipermeable. This characteristic results in serious carbon dioxide transmission losses, particularly on the ½‐L or smaller single‐service bottles which have high area‐to‐volume ratios. Shelf life of these smaller beverage containers is therefore reduced. This article combines literature data and a simple diffusion model to predict shelf life for PET beverage bottles. As anticipated, the model shows that the smaller bottles have an unacceptable shelf life based on industrial standards. Moreover, while refrigerated temperatures increase shelf life to acceptable levels, temperatures for storage above 100°F can also reduce the 2‐L bottle to less than acceptable levels. The shelf life predictions developed with the model are close to those observed in practice. Further manipulation with the model shows that a hypothetical multilayered barrier wall could be constructed which would give an acceptable shelf life at any reasonable temperature.
On the methods of measurement of the flow properties of polyethylenes and their blends
Authors: Utracki L. A.
Published: April 2003

Samples of commercial LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, and their blends were tested in the steady state (rotational and capillary), dynamic, and extensional modes. The steady state data at low rates of deformation followed the dynamic viscosity, η = η′, and at higher rates the complex viscosity η ≃ η*. In elongational tests strain hardening was observed for LDPE and some for HDPE. There was no strain hardening in flow of a standard LLDPE, and the equilibrium extensional viscosity η ≃ 3η′ in full range of deformation rates. In blends with ultrahigh molecular weight PE and with LLDPE strain hardening and an increase of the maximum strain at break, εb, were found. Some newer types of LLDPEs and their homologous blends show the strain hardening behavior. A brief review of the methods of measurement of the flow properties of polyethylene (PE) melt is provided. The text is divided into three parts: (1) types of melt flow; (2) comparative rheology of polyethylenes; and (3) linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends. In the first part, the methods of measurement and correlation between the measured values are discussed. The steady state shearing, dynamic deformation, and uniaxial extensions are considered. In the second part rheological behavior of the three principal types of PEs, low density PE (LDPE), high density PE (HDPE), and LLDPE are presented. In part 3, the flow of four different types of LLDPE blends is reported on.
In line compounding and extrusion of PP with talc and chalk
Authors: Cormont J. M.
Published: April 2003

Close cooperation between DSM, Werner & Pfleiderer, and Reifenhäuser has resulted in the development of a continuous process in which a filled copolymer polypropylene (40% talc and 40% chalk) is compounded and extruded to sheets which, whether or not bonded to carpet (semifinished product), are ready for subsequent deep drawing. Addition of recycled material (up to 100%) is possible: the stability of the material is sufficient when some fresh stabilizer is added to the PP copolymer and when a suitable talc is chosen. Mixing and degassing are guaranteed and temperature level, temperature distribution, constancy of throughput, and pressure buildup capacity of the ZSK are sufficient for a continuous, direct process, yielding a uniform quality. Flexibility and economy are the result.