bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Generation Planning in Multi-Energy Microgrids
Authors: Jothi E. , Abbas Ahmed H.R. , Bisht Deepa , Mani Anand , Velusudha N.T. , Dhabliya Dharmesh
Published: June 2024

This review focuses on Distributed Generation Planning within Multi-Energy Microgrids (MES), a transformative approach where various energy forms like electricity, heat, and cooling interact optimally. MES offers significant technical, economic, and environmental benefits, making it crucial to explore intricate modelling and assessment techniques for such systems, including microgrids, virtual power plants (VPPs), and energy hubs. Amid global energy challenges and environmental crises, renewable energy adoption is vital. Distributed Generation (DG) plays a pivotal role, but integrating it at scale poses challenges. Microgrids are a viable solution, and this review introduces their core concepts, emerging trends, and challenges, such as integrating more renewable energy sources, multienergy forms, complex architectures, demand-side management, and advanced storage. Furthermore, the paper delves into Multi-Energy Microgrid planning complexities, particularly in off-grid areas. It presents a stochastic investment model that minimizes costs and carbon emissions while optimizing the distributed energy resource mix, locations, and sizes. This model considers intricate energy flows and uncertainties associated with renewable generation and energy demands. Case studies confirm significant cost and emission reductions, establishing it as a promising multi-energy microgrid planning solution for the future.
Robust Control of Power System Frequency Regulation in Islanded Microgrids
Authors: Sjeyanthi MS. , Ashok V. , Alkkhayat A.H. , Rana Arti , Pandey Sandeep , Kumar R. Senthil , Bhalke D.G.
Published: June 2024

This paper reviews the work in the areas of robust control strategies for power system frequency regulation in islanded microgrids. One study delves into the challenges of accurate power sharing and voltage regulation in multi-feeder microgrid systems. It introduces an enhanced resilient control strategy that views the regulation and power balancing as a quadratic optimization problem. This strategy employs an impedance estimator and an optimal controller, focusing on voltage magnitude information transfer at each inverter’s controller. The approach is designed to be computationally efficient, especially for micro-networks with a large number of load feeders. Another area of focus is the development of a generalized central power management system and a decentralized, robust control strategy for autonomous operation of microgrids with multiple distributed energy resource (DER) units. These DER units, categorized into voltage-controlled and power-controlled units, operate based on independent internal oscillators synchronized by a GPS-based timereference signal. The power management system sets power and voltage points for each DER unit’s local controllers. A robust decentralized control system ensures fast tracking, zero steady-state error, and resilience against microgrid uncertainties. The performance of these strategies is validated through various simulation platforms and hardware-in-the-loop studies.
Hybrid Cloud Surveillance in Smart Grids: Optimising Solar Power with Dual-Mode Control
Authors: Yadav Santosh Kumar , Altalkany Ghassan Adnan , Chandramauli Awadhesh , R Srisainath , Dhabliya Dharmesh , Maheshwari A.
Published: June 2024

This article reviews the progress in the realm of Hybrid Cloud Surveillance in Smart Grids Optimising Solar Power with Dual-Mode Control, delving into the amalgamation of smart grid systems with modern communication and information technology methodologies. A pronounced focus is given to the employment of hybrid or private clouds for bolstered security, data categorisation, and storage sourced from the power grid. The research accentuates the necessity to establish a robust wireless sensor network for overseeing pivotal parameters within the power system grid, enabling automated decision-making during system disruptions or fault current situations by scrutinising the processed data. This approach enhances the power system design and fortifies its integration with renewable energy sources, improving storage capacity and dependability. Moreover, the paper probes into the workings of a solar hybrid power system, utilising an innovative fuzzy control method. By embedding a supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) into the solar hybrid power generation framework, there’s a marked increase in energy consumption, storage space, and power output. The research underscores the challenges presented by the nonlinear behaviour of photovoltaic devices and the necessity for advanced maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, with the integration of a dynamic power factor correction scheme and a conductance-fuzzy dual-mode control strategy emerging as a central solution for optimising the solar hybrid renewable energy system.
Enhancing Resilience in Distribution Systems through Dynamic Reconfiguration
Authors: Kozim Kudratov , Hussein Alawadi Ahmed , Radie Alawadi Ahmed Hussien , Kalyana Sundaram N. , Surulivelrajan T. , Ratna Raja Kumar Jambi
Published: June 2024

The resilience of power distribution systems is of paramount importance in ensuring consistent and reliable power supply. This review article delves into the recent advancements in enhancing the resilience of distribution systems through dynamic reconfiguration. The concept of islanding and dynamic reconfiguration for the resilience enhancement of active distribution systems is explored, highlighting the significance of these methods in modern power systems. Similarly, the role of proactive operational actions in elevating the resilience level of power distribution systems is emphasized. Through a comprehensive review of these studies, this article underscores the pivotal role of dynamic reconfiguration in bolstering the robustness of distribution systems against unforeseen disruptions. The findings suggest that integrating dynamic reconfiguration techniques can substantially mitigate the risks associated with power outages and system failures. This article serves as a testament to the ongoing research and innovations in the realm of power distribution, emphasizing the need for continuous advancements in dynamic reconfiguration methodologies.
Enhancing Power Grid Resilience Against Cyber Threats in the Smart Grid Era Using Bi-LSTM Model
Authors: Madhukar Haval Abhijeet , Chopra Taruna
Published: June 2024

Incorporating communication technology into the Smart Grid (SG) is proposed as an optimal approach to address the requirements of the contemporary power system. Numerous vital sectors, including transportation, electric energy grids, and healthcare, are progressively integrating information and communication technology to boost their effectiveness and dependability. These systems, known as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), are now confronting a growing risk of cyberattacks. Malicious actors with advanced knowledge of these systems can exploit vulnerabilities, disrupt operations, and access sensitive information without detection. In this research, we present an innovative method aimed at identifying and countering both intelligent and malicious cyber-physical system attacks, thereby bolstering the resilience of these systems. Specifically, we implement this approach within power systems, which can be characterized by linear frequency dynamics in proximity to their standard operational state. Our approach harnesses the power of the Bi- LSTM model and taps into publicly accessible datasets pertaining to cyberattacks on power systems to uncover concealed internal system information, safeguarding against potential attackers. Furthermore, we conducted an extensive exploration of several well-established semisupervised anomaly detection algorithms to determine their effectiveness. Our comparative analysis, when pitted against commonly used supervised algorithms, demonstrates that semi-supervised algorithms surpass their supervised counterparts in terms of detecting and flagging potential attack incidents.
Multi-Level Energy Distribution Model for Efficient Power Distribution in Power Grids Using Tunnel Constraints
Authors: Verma Aloke
Published: June 2024

The problem of energy distribution in power grid environment has been well studied. There exist number of energy distribution models exist in literature which consider the available energy and rate of production as the key in distributing energy in the grid environment. However, the methods suffer to achieve higher performance in energy distribution as they do not consider the tunnel constrains and leads higher voltage loss. To handle this issue, a multi-level energy distribution model with tunnel constraints (MLEDMTC) is presented in this article. Unlike other methods, the method considers both the characteristics of power grids as well as tunnel constrains in distributing the energy to the external environment. The model has the data set about the tunnel characteristics and uses them to identify the suitable tunnel for the current state of requirement. Not all the grids are capable of tunneling required voltage and by choosing an optimal one, the performance of energy distribution can be improved. To perform this, the method monitors the voltage being produced at all the time cycle and based on that the method computes the Energy level Tunneling support (ELTS) for various energy grids. According to the ELTS value, an optimal grid and tunnel has been selected to distribute the energy to the environment. The proposed MLEDMTC improves the performance of energy distribution.
Design of a three level boost converter for fuel cell applications
Authors: Sahoo Girija Shankar , Meena Mansingh , Saha Ananya , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a simple 3 level DC-DC boost converter for fuel cell applications to boost voltage from 48 V DC to 210 V DC. The main advantages of this converter are its simple design, presence of a single switching element for easy controllability, compact size, low cost and high power density. It is basically a simple boost converter with 3 stage voltage multiplier connected to the output side. Simulation and Hardware results for a power level of 250 W are provided in this paper.
Novel Materials for High-Performance Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Ozodakhon Alimbaeva , Joshi Abhishek , Saritha G. , Alzubaidi Laith H. , Selvan K. Senthamil , Chaudhary Amit
Published: June 2024

The realm of energy storage devices is witnessing a paradigm shift, driven by the exploration of novel materials. This review delves into the transformative potential of unconventional materials in enhancing the performance and versatility of energy storage systems. We discuss the potential of a hierarchical carbon material derived from E. coli cells, graphene oxide, and iron ion, underscoring its green credentials and promising attributes. Further, we highlight the transformative impact of paper as a material platform, tracing its evolution from a historical medium to a contemporary game-changer in microfluidic devices and microelectronics. The integration of electronics on paper reveals the potential of paper-based devices in diagnostics, MEMS, and energy storage. Collectively, these innovations illuminate the vast potential of avant-garde materials in revolutionising energy storage solutions, bridging the gap between cost-effectiveness and high performance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these groundbreaking innovations, fostering a deeper understanding of the future trajectory of energy storage research.
Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolysers for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Mahima M. , Pant Ruby , Abbas Ahmed H.R. , M Shalini , Agarwal Manish , Javanjal Vijaykumar
Published: June 2024

This article presents a comprehensive review of the studies in the domain of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysers, highlighting their integral role in promoting green hydrogen production. Over the past three decades, SOFC technology has seen profound advancements, transitioning from its initial phases to the cusp of commercialisation. The progression of this technology is illuminated through the systematic evolution of international symposia dedicated to SOFCs. These events have chronicled pivotal breakthroughs in materials innovation, a deepened understanding of electrode reactions, intricate chemical interactions, and the design and efficacy of SOFC configurations, from individual cells to complex multi-cell assemblies and integrated power systems. Concurrently, the studies shed light on the potential of solid oxide electrolyser technology in addressing the challenges posed by the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. Operating at temperatures surpassing 600°C, these electrolysers adeptly decompose water and/or carbon dioxide into chemical fuels, capitalising on both thermodynamic and kinetic advantages. The review concludes with the findings of the exploration of nuclear power’s capability in championing high-temperature steam electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen production, encompassing a thorough analysis of material innovations, degradation mechanisms, and strategies to offset such deteriorations.
Novel MPPT algorithm with MIWO for PV Power Generation System under Partial Shading
Authors: Upadhyay Ramakant , Chaudhary Chetan , Sharma Mohit Kumar , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

A Modified Invasive Weed Optimization (EIWO) method has been created and combined with the perturb & observe (P&O) algorithm in order to maximize the power output of a photovoltaic (PV) system amidst sudden weather variations and instances of partial shading. Extracting the maximum power from photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions poses a challenge, as traditional P&O algorithms are unable to accurately identify the maximum power point (MPP) due to the presence of multiple MPPs. Evolutionary optimization techniques have the capability to attain the global maximum power point under such circumstances. The MIWO-based P&O algorithm adjusts the reference voltage in order to optimize the operation of the PV system at the maximum power point based on prevailing weather conditions. The boost converter is utilized to optimize power output from the PV system and supply it to DC loads. Rapid weather changes are considered for case studies. MATLAB results through OPAL-RT platform by using Hardwrein-Loop (HIL) are presented to validate the performance of the proposed method. Small signal analysis also reported in this paper for better analysis. The robustness of the loop design is also analyzed. Simulations for the small signal model and robustness studies are conducted for a specific set of system parameters to validate the findings.
Comparative Analysis of P&O and INC MPPT Algorithms for PV System under Variable Irradiance
Authors: Goswami Laxmi , Singh Daljeet Pal , Sharma Neeraj , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Applications of Photovoltaic (PV) panels are increasing day by day in worldwide. Electricity generation through PV panels is one of the best example for utilization of renewable energy sources i.e., solar energy. Hence, operating PV panels at their best utilization is must to make system cost effective. Due to nonlinear characteristics of a PV system, identifying a locations corresponding to operating condition at maximum power delivery is required to make system more efficient. In order to achieve the best utilization of PV panels, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique should be implemented. Hence, a MPPT method plays an important role in PV based power generation systems. However, an efficient algorithm is must to operate PV system at its MPPT level. In this paper a comparative performance analysis of two famous MPPT algorithms is presented in this paper. The Perturb and observed (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC) methods are developed in this paper for comparing their responses under variable irradiances. MATLAB/Simulink based results are presented in this paper under various operating conditions.
Smart Credit Card Approval Prediction System using Machine Learning
Authors: Babu K. , Prabhakaran S. , Marikkannu P. , Roobini M.S. , Rai Prakhar , Pratap Singh Aditya
Published: June 2024

This project focuses on automating the credit card application assessment process using advanced machine learning techniques, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, SVMs, Logistic Regression, Regularization Methods, and Hyperparameter Tuning. The objective is to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and fairness of credit card approval decisions. Historical credit card application data, comprising applicant demographics, financial history, and employment details, is collected and pre-processed. Feature engineering and exploratory data analysis (EDA) enhance the dataset’s predictive power. Three machine learning algorithms, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Gradient Boosting are applied. Regularization techniques (L1 and L2) and hyperparameter tuning are used to prevent overfitting and optimize model performance. The project assesses model performance by employing metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics, and conducts feature importance analysis to identify key factors influencing approval decisions. The project aims to deliver robust, accurate, and fair credit card approval models, benefitting both financial institutions and applicants
Harnessing Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence for Precision Agriculture in Smart Cities
Authors: Singh Swati , Jakhar Sunil Kumar , R Kavitha , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

This short review article, titled “Harnessing Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence for Precision Agriculture in Smart Cities,” delves into the fusion of nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and precision farming to drive sustainable agriculture in alignment with the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. It spotlights the transformative potential of nanotechnology, encompassing both natural and man-made nanoparticles, to enhance crop growth and mitigate environmental impacts. Nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides are unveiled as promising strategies for optimizing nutrient availability while minimizing harm to ecosystems. The integration of AI into precision farming, supported by cutting-edge nanoinformatics, emerges as a linchpin for the establishment of safe and sustainable agricultural practices, enabling smart and resilient agriculture. However, as this integrated approach accelerates progress and provides vital insights for addressing contemporary agricultural challenges, it also underscores the paramount importance of scrutinizing nanotechnology’s effects on soil microbial communities and plant health. The phytotoxicity of nanoparticles, contingent upon size, concentration, and plant species, necessitates further examination. In conclusion, this comprehensive article calls for interdisciplinary collaboration to fully exploit the potential of nanotechnology and AI in transforming agriculture, all the while ensuring the preservation of environmental and human health and advancing the global sustainability agenda for agriculture in smart cities by 2030.
Harnessing Ambient Energy for IoT: Improvements in Path Tools for Drive Collecting Structures
Authors: Mullangi Pradeep , Rinku Dhruva R. , Ramadevi B. , Chandra Jyothi B. , Kavitha J. , Prasanna Kumar G.
Published: June 2024

Ability of energy harvesting systems that make use of Internet of Things (IoT) offer sustainable and independent power sources for diverse applications. In order to power IoT devices, these systems make it possible to capture ambient energy from the environment, such as solar, wind, vibrations, and thermal gradients, and transform it into usable electrical energy. We provide growths in circuit technology for IoT-based energy harvesting devices in this research.With a focus on MPPT algorithms that exploit energy extraction efficiency since various sources, advancements in power management circuits are investigated. Energy harvesting devices can now function well even in low-energy environments thanks to the development of ultra-low-power circuits, which is discussed.Super capacitors and rechargeable batteries, two types of energy storage, are assessed for their potential for energy buffering and dependable power delivery to Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Dynamic charging algorithms and capacity estimate methods are two examples of more sophisticated battery management approaches that are also looked at.Voltage regulation is a crucial component of energy harvesting systems that guarantees a steady and reliable power supply to Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Low-dropout regulators (LDOs) and energy-efficient voltage converters, among other recent advancements in voltage regulation circuits, are described. Additionally, the integration of energy harvesting systems with IoT devices is covered, highlighting the benefits and obstacles in creating IoT applications that are energyaware. To reduce power consumption in IoT networks, the significance of energy-efficient communication protocols and adaptive data processing algorithms is emphasised.
Estimation and Analysis of NavIC Receiver Tracking Jitter due to Amplitude and Phase Scintillations
Authors: Swamy K.C.T. , Pandurangaiah Y. , Reddy Ammana Supraja
Published: June 2024

An independent, stand-alone satellite navigation system called Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) was created by an Indian space research organization (ISRO) for civilian position, navigation and time applications using mobile devices. Also, it is going to be introduced all smartphones in India to features of NavIC. However, because of ionospheric scintillation effect the NavIC system performance suffers greatly. The random changes in the signal’s amplitude and phase cause ionospheric scintillation. The scintillation cause jitter in receiver hardware while tracking the signal. In this paper by using carrier-to-noise ratio(C/No), Spectral parameters ‘p’(slope of phase PSD) and ‘T’(spectral strength of the PSD at 1HZ) we calculate receiver tracking jitter (σ2øJ) due to L5 band(1176.45 MHz) and S-band (2492.028 MHz) signal scintillations. The result is that L5 band was more affected by amplitude scintillation index S4 than that of S-band.
Object Detection with Audio Feedback
Authors: Sandhya Rani Abbi , Kiran Mai C.
Published: June 2024

One of the troublesome utilizations of PC vision is object acknowledgment, which has been generally utilized in different fields, for example, independent vehicles, mechanical technology, and security following, and directing outwardly hindered individuals. Various calculations were expanding the association between video investigation and picture understanding as profound learning progressed rapidly. With differed network models, every one of these procedures achieves similar assignment of numerous thing recognition in confounded pictures. The opportunity of development in an obscure climate is confined by the shortfall of vision disability, in this manner it is vital to utilize present day advancements and help them to help blind individuals at whatever point fundamental.
Assessing optical radiation exposure to opaque incandescent materials by picture analysis − Part 2: from pixel radiance to eye irradiance
Authors: Deniel J.-M.
Published: June 2024

Incandescent materials emit optical radiation that can cause cataracts, especially in industrial processes. This risk must be assessed to help employers choose an effective means of protecting workers. Where possible, this is done by software simulation. Otherwise, near-infrared irradiance must be measured at the worker’s eye. Since radiometers and spectroradiometers are too expensive for most preventers, a novel and virtually free method has been proposed. Using a photograph, it assesses irradiance by summing the irradiance corresponding to each pixel representing the opaque glowing materials in the image. Pixel irradiance is evaluated from the radiance of the colored body whose temperature and emissivity correspond to the pixel color, weighted by the geometric configuration associated with the pixel in the camera perspective. The first principle − converting pixel color to radiance − was the subject of a first paper. This paper presents the second principle: calculating irradiance at the eye from pixel radiance. This method is accurate enough to assess cataract risk, thereby helping employers to protect workers. An easy and inexpensive way to calibrate the camera is under investigation in view to making it widespread.
Medikamentöse Therapien des Ulcus cruris
Authors: Ronicke Moritz , Erfurt-Berge Cornelia
Published: June 2024

Chronische Wunden belasten viele Patienten in Deutschland sowie weltweit. Medikamentöse Therapien spielen aktuell bei den häufigeren Ursachen wie dem Ulcus cruris venosum oder dem Ulcus cruris arteriosum noch eine untergeordnete Rolle, obwohl für einzelne Therapien gute Daten vorliegen. Für seltenere Krankheitsbilder wie Kalziphylaxie, Necrobiosis lipoidica und Pyoderma gangraenosum mangelt es oft an belastbaren Studien. Medikamentöse Behandlungen sind hier jedoch für die Abheilung essenziell. Insgesamt mangelt es bei allen genannten Erkrankungen an zugelassenen Therapien. In diesem Artikel werden mögliche medikamentöse Therapieoptionen bei allen genannten Erkrankungen diskutiert.
Silylium-Ion-Initiated Twofold Halodealkylation of Fully Alkylated Silanes
Authors: He Tao , Oestreich Martin , Randt Tobias , Klare Hendrik F. T.
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of silanes starting from multifunctionalized precursors often suffers from low chemoselectivity due to the similar kinetic reaction profiles, leading to the formation of difficult to separate side products. The opposite approach, which is an access based on unreactive tetraalkylsilanes as starting materials, is far less developed. Making use of the silylium-ion-initiated chemoselective halodealkylation of tetraalkylsilanes recently developed by our laboratory, an extension of this protocol, namely the direct synthesis of dihalosilanes from tetraalkylsilanes, is reported. Following a sequence of halodehydrogenation and halodealkylation, trialkylhydrosilanes can also be converted into dihalosilanes. Commercially available 1,2-dihaloethane acts as the halogen source and is involved in the generation of the catalytically active arenium ion by an SEAr substitution of the benzene solvent. The formation of an uncommon halogen-substituted silylium ion as an intermediate is assumed, likely accounting for the need of an elevated reaction temperature.
Organisational Health Services Research in Germany: A Scoping Review
of Conference Abstracts
Authors: Nöst Stefan , Miedaner Felix , Anke Wagner , Beckmann Marina , Exworthy Mark , Götz Katja , Körner Mirjam , Mannion Russell , Pfaff Holger , Piotrowski Alexandra , Hammer Antje , Ansmann Lena
Published: June 2024

Background Health Services Research (HSR) is a growing field in Germany,
in which Organisational Health Services Research (OHSR) has emerged as a
subfield. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the field
of OHSR within HSR in Germany and to map systematically original contributions
by describing the organisational setting, the research design, the research
objectives and the theoretical underpinning.

Methods A scoping review examined published abstracts from the 19th German
Conference on Health Services Research 2020. Abstracts were included if (1)
health care organisations, subunits or organisational processes were mentioned
as research objects, and (2) if at least one out of five research perspectives
from a recent German definition of OHSR was addressed. After intensive pilot
screenings within a group of nine researchers, all abstracts were screened
independently in three review teams with three researchers each, and data from
included abstracts were extracted using content analysis based on a
self-developed detailed coding scheme.

Results Out of n=468 identified abstracts in German (84%) or English (16%)
language, n=138 (29.5%) abstracts were included. The majority of included
abstracts addressed acute care in hospitals (34.8%), reported results from
observational studies (59.4%) and collected primary data (69.6%). There was a
slightly higher use of quantitative (32.6%) than qualitative (24.6%) research
methods with a considerable number of studies using more than one method
(31.9%). An explicit reference to theory was made in 7.2% and 17.4% used the
term ‘organisation’ or related terms explicitly in their abstract.

Conclusion This review provides a systematic but preliminary overview of
the scope to which HSR in Germany addresses OHSR. The organisational perspective
is considered extensively in HSR abstracts, but mostly implicitly. The research
is reported largely free of theory which can reduce their explanatory power.
Therefore, a research agenda, more awareness as well as education and better
conceptualisation of OHSR topics within German HSR are needed.
Late-Onset Concurrent Infection of Vaccine Strain VZV and HSV-1 after Varicella Vaccination in a Child with Natural killer T Cell Deficiency
Authors: Kutlu Nurettin O , Karabey Mehmet , Alacam Sema , Tinastepe Tuba , Yalcin Suleyman , Aydogmus Cigdem , Karabulut Nuran
Published: June 2024

We describe a case with natural killer cell deficiency of late-onset Oka vaccine varicella zoster virus (VZV) strain and Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) dual infection resulting in fatal clinical course. An 18-month-old boy presented with a papulovesicular rash, mucocutaneous candidiasis, encephalopathy, and severe respiratory distress 6 months after receiving varicella vaccine. VZV and HSV-1 were analysed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Oka vaccine strain of VZV by gene sequencing. HSV-1 and VZV dual infection was detected in the blood and skin samples by RT-qPCR. Gene sequencing of VZV isolated from vesicular lesions was compatible with the Oka vaccine strain. Flow cytometry revealed a natural killer deficiency, but whole exome analysis failed to identify an associated genetic defect. Vesicular rashes in immunocompromised patients who were inadvertently vaccinated should be taken seriously, and antiviral therapy should be prompt and aggressive.
Heavy metal particle liftoff and compound droplet formation on a hydrophobic surface
Authors: Mohammed Niju K. , Tide P. S. , John Franklin R. , Kumar Ranjith S.
Published: June 2024

Though single droplet impact dynamics was extensively investigated, the complex hydrodynamics involved in the simultaneous interaction of droplets with a loosely held dense solid particle on a hydrophobic substrate has received less attention. In this paper, the authors report the impingement response of a water droplet colliding on a non-fixed spherical steel particle placed on a hydrophobic surface and the subsequent creation of a particle-laden compound droplet. Utilizing the kinetic energy of the water drop, the heavy metal bead is picked up from the surface during the droplet bouncing. Here, a dense metal spherical mass is located on a hydrophobic substrate having contact angle, θc=140° and drop collides with a Weber number range of 8.20 ≤We≤ 38.07. During the droplet spreading, a thin film is developed between the particle and the hydrophobic plate due to capillary action and the particle is engulfed inside the droplet while it recoils, thereby a compound droplet is created. For instance, during the rebound of a composite drop, the metal bead, having one-third the mass of the droplet, is elevated to a height of 2.5 times its diameter at We = 24.5. Phenomenological models are developed for the prediction of compound droplet rebound height and the minimum Weber number required for the composite drop creation, and it exhibited good accord with experimental observations. These results shed more light on the self-cleaning mechanism involving dense particles and provided a promising strategy for the production of a solid–liquid composite droplet.
A comprehensive investigation on Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine performance and self-starting capability improvement by implementing a novel semi-directional airfoil guide vane and rotor solidity
Authors: Mirmotahari Seyed Reza , Ghafoorian Farzad , Mehrpooya Mehdi , Hosseini Rad Sina , Taraghi Morteza , Moghimi Mahdi
Published: June 2024

Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine is classified as a lift-based power generation turbomachine. However, it is burdened with the limitations of mid-range efficiency and requiring initial torque for startup. The quest to improve the turbine's performance has focused on enhancing its aerodynamic performance and self-starting ability. One of the most effective approaches is to flow control and injection toward the rotor blades. This computational fluid dynamics research study utilizes a novel geometry known as the “Semi-Directional Airfoil Guide Vane” (SDAGV) to inject airflow smoothly and effectively toward the rotor blades at the upstream section. The investigation found that using a two-passage SDAGV increased rotor efficiency by up to 55% at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 2.5. The pressure distribution analysis showed that azimuth angles between 90° and 135° significantly impacted the rotor's self-starting ability. Additionally, studying the turbine solidity revealed that a five-bladed rotor with SDAGV had a higher self-starting capability and efficiency than a two-bladed rotor with SDAGV. This was because its power coefficient (Cp) was approximately 160% greater at TSR = 1.4. Due to blade-to-blade interaction, high-solidity turbines from TSR = 2 onwards face performance challenges, which means their efficiency drops in the low-TSR range.
A novel wall model for large-eddy simulation of the flow around a circular cylinder
Authors: Wu Qiangheng , Chen Zuogang , Xu Hui , Cai Youlin
Published: June 2024

The massive flow separation in the flow around a circular cylinder is challenging for the large-eddy simulation (LES) using the traditional equilibrium wall model (EQWM) for accurate prediction. To address this problem, a data-driven-non-equilibrium wall model (DNEQWM) was developed based on the result of the high-fidelity wall-resolved LES (WRLES) and the theoretical analysis. A hybrid modeling strategy was adopted in DNEQWM to deal with different flow regions. An empirical formula based on the analysis of the WRLES result was used to compute the wall shear stress in the attached region while the integration of the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation was used in the separated region. Both EQWM and DNEQWM were applied to the LES of the flow around a circular cylinder at a classical Reynolds number of 3900 to evaluate the performance of the new model. It was found that DNEQWM was significantly superior to EQWM based on the analyses of the results of global flow quantities, surface pressure distributions, and flow details of mean and fluctuation velocities and the Reynolds stress in the wake. Flow visualizations indicated that DNEQWM can effectively reproduce the phenomenon of alternative periodic vortex shedding in the wake. The computational cost of DNEQWM was slightly lower than that of EQWM and significantly less than that of WRLES. This study presents a practical methodology for the wall model for the LES of the flow around the bluff body with smooth curved surfaces.
Strong electron–phonon coupling and multigap superconductivity in 2H/1T Janus MoSLi monolayer
Authors: Xie Hongmei , Huang Zhijing , Zhao Yinchang , Huang Hao , Li Geng , Gu Zonglin , Zeng Shuming
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) Janus transition metal dichalcogenides MXY manifest novel physical properties owing to the breaking of out-of-plane mirror symmetry. Recently, the 2H phase of MoSH has been demonstrated to possess intrinsic superconductivity, whereas the 1T phase exhibits a charge density waves state. In this paper, we have systematically studied the stability and electron–phonon interaction characteristics of MoSLi. Our results have shown that both the 2H and 1T phases of MoSLi are stable, as indicated by the phonon spectrum and the ab initio molecular dynamics. However, the 1T phase exhibits an electron–phonon coupling constant that is twice as large as that of the 2H phase. In contrast to MoSH, the 1T phase of MoSLi exhibits intrinsic superconductivity. By employing the ab initio anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg formalism, we have revealed the two-gap superconducting nature of 1T-MoSLi, with a transition temperature (Tc) of 14.8 K. The detailed analysis indicates that the superconductivity in 1T-MoSLi primarily originates from the interplay between the vibration of the phonon modes in the low-frequency region and the dz2 orbital. These findings provide a fresh perspective on superconductivity within Janus structures.
Wicking dynamics of two-ply channels in porous medium-based microfluidic devices
Authors: He Guan-Yu , Wang Yung-Ching , Tsao Heng-Kwong , Sheng Yu-Jane
Published: June 2024

In the advancement of paper-based microfluidic devices, it is reported that the two-ply channel transports fluid noticeably faster than traditional single-ply channels. In this work, the capillary flows in two-ply channels, consisting of a gap of width w between two porous sheets with porosity ε and thickness d, are investigated through many-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The advancing meniscus varies with position, characterized by the penetration lengths in the gap (Lg), the porous sheet (Lp), and the maximum value (Lmax). Lmax is always located within the porous sheet but near the gap. The time evolution of the penetration lengths can be described by Washburn's expression, L2 = (S)t, and the imbibition rates Sp, Sg, and Smax depend on ε, d, and w, differing from each other. Two distinct imbibition characteristics are identified: Sg > Sp for low porosities and Sg < Sp for high porosities. Both Sg and Sp decrease with d but increase with w. As ε increases, a minimum of Smax occurs due to the synergistic competition between Sp and Sg. Compared to the single-ply channel, which consists of a single porous sheet, the imbibition rate of the two-ply channel is significantly enhanced by at least four times due to side-imbibition from the gap (acting as a reservoir) toward the porous sheet.
A coupled local smoothing finite element method for diminishing dispersion error in underwater noise problems
Authors: Zhou Xi-dong , Wu Shao-wei , He Jin-chao
Published: June 2024

A standard finite element method (FEM) is hindered by numerical dispersion error and fails to achieve accurate solutions for underwater noise prediction at large wave numbers. This study develops an advanced FEM known as the coupled local smoothing FEM (CLS-FEM) to address this issue. This methodology integrates the local smoothing FEM (LS-FEM) with the modified Dirichlet-to-Neumann boundary condition (MDtNBC). The MDtNBC is applied to an artificial boundary in CLS-FEM to ensure sound traveling outward and the solution's uniqueness. A hybrid acoustic stiffness is established to mitigate the dispersion error by combining the “overly stiff” FEM and the “overly soft” node-based smoothed FEM (NS-FEM) models. A key feature of CLS-FEM is its ability to significantly improve accuracy by appropriately softening acoustic stiffness without adding extra degrees of freedom. The performance of CLS-FEM is investigated numerically. Numerical examples are conducted to assess the characteristics of the approach. These simulations demonstrated that the proposed CLS-FEM significantly reduces the numerical dispersion error, achieving greater precision than both FEM and NS-FEM at large wave numbers. Hence, the developed method proves competitive for computing underwater noise.
Generalized scaling law of equilibrium scour depth at a cylinder embedded in an erodible bed
Authors: Ali Sk Zeeshan , Dey Subhasish
Published: June 2024

Turbulent stream approaching a cylinder embedded in an erodible bed triggers significant erosion to form a scour hole. We present a generalized scaling framework for the equilibrium scour depth at a circular cylinder by means of the similarity principle and discover that the similarity exponent can be uniquely determined through the turbulence phenomenology. We assess the veracity of our approach aided by the experimental and field data covering wide ranges of key parameters. The scaling law offers insight into how the dimensionless scour depth relates to the inertia, drag, shear, and threshold shear forces.
Waning and waxing
Authors: Lu Man , Ma Yu , van de Weijer Jeroen , Yi Zhen
Published: June 2024

This paper provides a preliminary description of the comparative construction in Tujia1 (northern dialect; NT), an endangered ergative Tibeto-Burman (TB) language spoken in China, in the context
of the typologically diverse ways in which comparative meaning is expressed. In mono-clauses in NT, comparative marking depends on
the position of the standard (i.e., that which is compared to). The standard may be marked with an ablative marker, or a topic
marker if it appears in sentence-initial position due to left dislocation; otherwise, the comparandum (i.e., that which is to be
compared) is assigned an ergative marker. Ergative on the comparandum and ablative on the standard can both occur but this is not
obligatory. We propose that the ablative is the primary comparative marker in NT. However, this construction is subject to
variation: the ablative marker is being replaced by a topic marker on the standard or by an ergative marker on the comparandum. We
analyze this as change in progress (partly as a result of language contact); specifically, we propose that an ergative marker on
the comparandum is starting to function as a focus marker, and in which the comparative meaning is derived from reanalysis. On the
other hand, the comparative meaning in constructions where the standard is marked with a topic marker is proposed to result from
the functional extension of the topic structure to comparative constructions. Both ergative marking on the comparandum and topic
marking on the standard are typologically rare. Thus, the analysis of comparison marking in Tujia contributes to the typological
understanding of comparative constructions in general.
Competence-in-performance in China’s ESL teaching
Authors: Guo Yijing
Published: June 2024

This paper endeavours to explain why Weigand’s dialogic theory – the Mixed Game of human
competence-in-performance – should be considered in improving Chinese College English language teaching. This paper will review
several of Weigand’s key publications and research and analyse current Chinese College English language textbooks and teachers’
attitudes toward teaching English speaking. The results suggest that teachers refuse to be involved in teaching English speaking
because they lack adequate training and need a theory to guide them. Therefore, based on Weigand’s theory of human
competence-in-performance, the paper proposes several suggestions for improving oral English teaching. This article hopes to
contribute to the further study of dialogic pragmatics in Chinese English language-speaking teaching.
football club is family
Authors: Theodoropoulou Maria
Published: June 2024

This is a corpus-based study with data from football fans’ comments on Facebook, which seeks to explore the
contribution of metaphor to the construction of collective identity. The main question it addresses is the following: in as much
as collectivity is constructed by typical means, e.g., the use of the first person plural and analogous expressions, what is it
that a metaphor attributes to an already constructed collectivity? Furthermore, as the shared love of the team is considered to be
the basis of a football fans’ group formation, this study also explores the role of emotion in the emergence of metaphor.
Cross-scale mechanobiological regulation of cylindrical compressible liquid inclusion via coating
Authors: Ti Fei , Yu Chenlei , Li Moxiao , Liu Shaobao , Lu Tian Jian , Chen Xin
Published: June 2024

The double-bag theory in modern anatomy suggests that structures with coatings are commonly found in human body at various length scales, such as osteocyte processes covered by pericellular matrix and bones covered by muscle tissue. To understand the mechanical behaviors and physiological responses of such biological structures, we develop an analytical model to quantify surface effects on the deformation of a coated cylindrical compressible liquid inclusion in an elastic matrix subjected to remote loading. Our analytical solution reveals that coating can either amplify or attenuate the volumetric strain of the inclusion, depending on the relative elastic moduli of inclusion, coating, and matrix. For illustration, we utilize this solution to explore amplification/attenuation of volumetric strain in musculoskeletal systems, nerve cells, and vascular tissues. We demonstrate that coating often plays a crucial role in mechanical regulation of the development and repair of human tissues and cells. Our model provides qualitative analysis of cross-scale mechanical response of coated liquid inclusions, helpful for constructing mechanical microenvironment of cells.
Dye-sensitized solar cells based on anatase- and brookite-TiO2: enhancing performance through optimization of phase composition, morphology and device architecture
Authors: Khazaei Mobina , Mohammadi M R , Li Yuning
Published: June 2024

Herein, we demonstrate an optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) through the development of single-layer and double-layer configurations. Focusing on the incorporation of brookite and anatase phases in varying ratios, the study aims to determine the optimal composition for enhanced photovoltaic performance. The active layer, composed of anatase- and brookite-TiO2 nanoparticles, is further modified with a scattering layer comprising a mixture of anatase nanoparticles and brookite-TiO2 in the form of nanocube or rice-like particles. The synthesis of TiO2 nanostructures with various morphologies and phase compositions and their subsequent application in single-layer and double-layer DSSCs are presented. The results highlight the superior light-harvesting capabilities achieved through the strategic incorporation of brookite phase into the anatase phase, emphasizing the importance of optimizing the anatase: brookite ratio. The single-layer DSSCs exhibit a peak efficiency of 8.73%, achieved with a composition of 30 wt.% brookite and 70 wt.% anatase at a thickness of 15 μms. In the context of double-layer DSSCs, the combined optimization of the active layer composition, scattering layer morphology, and utilization of anatase nanoparticles leads to a remarkable efficiency of 9.18%. These findings underscore the critical role of composition and morphology in enhancing the performance of DSSCs, showcasing the potential for brookite-based DSSCs in solar energy conversion.
Limits of the harmonic approach for the Morse potential
Authors: Perá Leonan Augusto Massete , Stella Guilherme Barbosa , Campos José Renato , da Silva Josimar Fernando
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the solution of the Morse potential via the Variational Method using a trial eigenfunction based on the harmonic oscillator and without variational parameters. The first fundamental state and the first nine excited states for the diatomic molecules of hydrogen, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, oxygen, carbon monoxide and silicon monoxide are calculated. The results obtained by the variational method are compared with the values obtained by the exact solution of the same potential in order to establish a percentage error for each energy level of the molecules analyzed and to verify up to which level the chosen trial eigenfunction describes the original system well. That shows that the approximation of the trial eigenfunction is reasonable for the first excited states. From the fourth or fifth excited state, depending on the molecule, the discrepancy no longer reasonable.