bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A unicellular cyanobacterium relies on sodium energetics to fix N2
Authors: Tang Si , Cheng Xueyu , Liu Yaqing , Liu Lu , Liu Dai , Yan Qi , Zhu Jianming , Zhou Jin , Jiang Yuyang , Hammerschmidt Katrin , Cai Zhonghua
Published: November 2024

Diazotrophic cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen gas (N2) but are usually scarce in nitrogen-limited coastal waters, which poses an apparent ecological paradox. One hypothesis is that high salinities (> 10 g/L NaCl) may inhibit cyanobacterial N2 fixation. However, here we show that N2 fixation in a unicellular coastal cyanobacterium exclusively depends on sodium ions and is inhibited at low NaCl concentrations (< 4 g/L). In the absence of Na+, cells of Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (recently reclassified as Crocosphaera subtropica) upregulate the expression of nifHDK genes and synthesise a higher amount of nitrogenase, but do not fix N2 and do not grow. We find that the loss of N2-fixing ability in the absence of Na+ is due to insufficient ATP supply. Additional experiments suggest that N2 fixation in this organism is driven by sodium energetics and mixed-acid fermentation, rather than proton energetics and aerobic respiration, even though cells were cultured aerobically. Further work is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and whether our findings are relevant to other coastal cyanobacteria.
Thermal stability and coalescence dynamics of exsolved metal nanoparticles at charged perovskite surfaces
Authors: Weber Moritz L. , Jennings Dylan , Fearn Sarah , Cavallaro Andrea , Prochazka Michal , Gutsche Alexander , Heymann Lisa , Guo Jia , Yasin Liam , Cooper Samuel J. , Mayer Joachim , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Dittmann Regina , Waser Rainer , Guillon Olivier , Lenser Christian , Skinner Stephen J. , Aguadero Ainara , Nemšák Slavomír , Gunkel Felix
Published: November 2024

Exsolution reactions enable the synthesis of oxide-supported metal nanoparticles, which are desirable as catalysts in green energy conversion technologies. It is crucial to precisely tailor the nanoparticle characteristics to optimize the catalysts’ functionality, and to maintain the catalytic performance under operation conditions. We use chemical (co)-doping to modify the defect chemistry of exsolution-active perovskite oxides and examine its influence on the mass transfer kinetics of Ni dopants towards the oxide surface and on the subsequent coalescence behavior of the exsolved nanoparticles during a continuous thermal reduction treatment. Nanoparticles that exsolve at the surface of the acceptor-type fast-oxygen-ion-conductor SrTi0.95Ni0.05O3−δ (STNi) show a high surface mobility leading to a very low thermal stability compared to nanoparticles that exsolve at the surface of donor-type SrTi0.9Nb0.05Ni0.05O3−δ (STNNi). Our analysis indicates that the low thermal stability of exsolved nanoparticles at the acceptor-doped perovskite surface is linked to a high oxygen vacancy concentration at the nanoparticle-oxide interface. For catalysts that require fast oxygen exchange kinetics, exsolution synthesis routes in dry hydrogen conditions may hence lead to accelerated degradation, while humid reaction conditions may mitigate this failure mechanism.
Estimating countries’ additional carbon accountability for closing the mitigation gap based on past and future emissions
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Morfeldt Johannes , Höglund Robert , Karlsson Mikael , Fetzer Ingo
Published: November 2024

Quantifying fair national shares of the remaining global carbon budget has proven challenging. Here, we propose an indicator—additional carbon accountability—that quantifies countries’ responsibility for mitigation and CO2 removal in addition to achieving their own targets. Considering carbon debts since 1990 and future claims based on countries’ emission pathways, the indicator uses an equal cumulative per capita emissions approach to allocate accountability for closing the mitigation gap among countries with a positive total excessive carbon claim. The carbon budget is exceeded by 576 Gigatonnes of fossil CO2 when limiting warming below 1.5 °C (50% probability). Additional carbon accountability is highest for the United States and China, and highest per capita for the United Arab Emirates and Russia. Assumptions on carbon debts strongly impact the results for most countries. The ability to pay for this accountability is challenging for Iran, Kazakhstan and several BRICS+ members, in contrast to the G7 members.
Initiation of lumen formation from junctions via differential actomyosin contractility regulated by dynamic recruitment of Rasip1
Authors: Yin Jianmin , Schellinx Niels , Maggi Ludovico , Gundel Kathrin , Wiesner Cora , Kotini Maria Paraskevi , Lee Minkyoung , Phng Li-Kun , Belting Heinz-Georg , Affolter Markus
Published: November 2024

De novo lumen formation necessitates the precise segregation of junctional proteins from apical surfaces, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a zebrafish model, we develop a series of molecular reporters, photo-convertible and optogenetic tools to study the establishment of apical domains. Our study identifies Rasip1 as one of the earliest apical proteins recruited, which suppresses actomyosin contractility at junctional patches by inhibiting NMII, thereby allowing for the sustained outward flow of junctional complexes. Following the establishment of apical compartments, Rasip1 shuttles between junctions and the apical compartments in response to local high tension. Rasip1 confines Cdh5 to junctions by suppressing apical contractility. Conversely, the recruitment of Rasip1 to junctions is regulated by Heg1 and Krit1 to modulate contractility along junctions. Overall, de novo lumen formation and maintenance depend on the precise control of contractility within apical compartments and junctions, orchestrated by the dynamic recruitment of Rasip1.
Unified linear response theory of quantum electronic circuits
Authors: Peri L. , Benito M. , Ford C. J. B. , Gonzalez-Zalba M. F.
Published: November 2024

Modeling the electrical response of multi-level quantum systems at finite frequency has been typically performed in the context of two incomplete paradigms: (i) input-output theory, which is valid at any frequency but neglects dynamic losses, and (ii) semiclassical theory, which captures dynamic dissipation effects well but is only accurate at low frequencies. Here, we develop a unifying theory, valid for arbitrary frequencies, that captures both the small-signal quantum behavior and the non-unitary effects introduced by relaxation and dephasing. The theory allows a multi-level system to be described by a universal small-signal equivalent-circuit model, a resonant RLC circuit, whose topology only depends on the number of energy levels. We apply our model to a double-quantum-dot charge qubit and a Majorana qubit, showing the capability to continuously describe the systems from adiabatic to resonant and from coherent to incoherent, suggesting new and realistic experiments for improved quantum state readout. Our model will facilitate the design of hybrid quantum–classical circuits and the simulation of qubit control and quantum state readout.
An OpenStreetMap derived building classification dataset for the United States
Authors: F. de Arruda Henrique , Reia Sandro M. , Ruan Shiyang , Atwal Kuldip S. , Kavak Hamdi , Anderson Taylor , Pfoser Dieter
Published: November 2024

Building classification is crucial for population estimation, traffic planning, urban planning, and emergency response applications. Although essential, such data is often not readily available. To alleviate this problem, this work presents a comprehensive dataset by providing residential/non-residential building classification covering the entire United States. We developed a dataset of building types based on building footprints and the available OpenStreetMap information. The dataset is validated using authoritative ground truth data for select counties in the U.S., which shows a high precision for non-residential building classification and a high recall for residential buildings. In addition to the building classifications, this dataset includes detailed information on the OpenStreetMap data used in the classification process. A major result of this work is the resulting dataset of classifying 67,705,475 buildings. We hope that this data is of value to the scientific community, including urban and transportation planners.
Hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for parasite detection in white fish under industrial conditions
Authors: Syed Shaheen , Ortega Samuel , Anderssen Kathryn E. , Nilsen Heidi A. , Heia Karsten
Published: November 2024

Parasites in fish muscle present a significant problem for the seafood industry in terms of both quality and health and safety, but the low contrast between parasites and fish tissue makes them exceedingly difficult to detect. The traditional method to identify nematodes requires removing fillets from the production line for manual inspection on candling tables. This technique is slow, labor intensive and typically only finds about half the parasites present. The seafood industry has struggled for decades to develop a method that can improve the detection rate while being performed in a rapid, non-invasive manner. In this study, a newly developed solution uses deep neural networks to simultaneously analyze the spatial and spectral information of hyperspectral imaging data. The resulting technology can be directly integrated into existing industrial processing lines to rapidly identify nematodes at detection rates (73%) better than conventional manual inspection (50%).
Conservation units and the origin of planted individuals of an endangered endemic species Lobelia boninensis in the Ogasawara Islands
Authors: Hata Chikashi , Endo Chiharu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Hiruma Miho , Kumamoto Maiko , Takenaka Izumi , Makino Takashi , Niinaka Kento , Suyama Yoshihisa , Hirota Shun K. , Yamasaki Michimasa , Isagi Yuji
Published: November 2024

The Ogasawara Islands, one of the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site located about 1000 km south of Japan’s main island, harbor numerous endemic species, many of which are as endangered. One of the endemic plant species, Lobelia boninensis, found in the Mukojima, Chichijima, and Hahajima archipelagoes, is endangered due to predation. As part of conservation efforts, translocation is now underway, especially on Chichijima. However, we lack essential information, such as the genetic population structure, to develop appropriate translocation strategies for both wild and planted individuals. Here, we aimed to identify the conservation units and the origin of planted individuals by estimating the genetic population structure and phylogenetic relationships across all habitats of this species. We identified two distinct genetic clusters, indicating genetic differentiation between the northern and southern populations. The genetic population components detected at an isolated site on Chichijima showed a mixture of these distinct clusters, probably due to hybridization. The transplanted individuals in Chichijima were found to have originated from a population in Hahajima. These results suggest the presence of two distinct conservation units. Furthermore, the current translocation strategy poses a risk of genetic contamination between these units, highlighting the need for revised conservation management practices.
Striatal dopamine gene network moderates the effect of early adversity on the risk for adult psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidity
Authors: Barth Barbara , Arcego Danusa Mar , de Mendonça Filho Euclides José , de Lima Randriely Merscher Sobreira , Parent Carine , Dalmaz Carla , Portella André Krumel , Pokhvisneva Irina , Meaney Michael J. , Silveira Patricia Pelufo
Published: November 2024

Cardiometabolic and psychiatric disorders often co-exist and share common early life risk factors, such as low birth weight. However, the biological pathways linking early adversity to adult cardiometabolic/psychiatric comorbidity remain unknown. Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the striatum is sensitive to early adversity and influences the development of both cardiometabolic and psychiatric diseases. Here we show that a co-expression based polygenic score (ePGS) reflecting individual variations in the expression of the striatal dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) network significantly interacts with birth weight to predict psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidities in both adults (UK Biobank, N = 225,972) and adolescents (ALSPAC, N = 1188). Decreased birth weight is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidities, but the effect is dependent on a striatal SLC6A3 ePGS, that reflects individual variation in gene expression of genes coexpressed with the SLC6A3 gene in the striatum. Neuroanatomical analyses revealed that SNPs from the striatum SLC6A3 ePGS were significantly associated with prefrontal cortex gray matter density, suggesting a neuroanatomical basis for the link between early adversity and psychiatric and cardiometabolic comorbidity. Our study reveals that psychiatric and cardiometabolic diseases share common developmental pathways and underlying neurobiological mechanisms that includes dopamine signaling in the striatum.
Mechanism insights and experimental feasibility of using boron nitride nanocones for rapid adsorption and degradation of SF6 decomposition compounds
Authors: Hadizadeh Mohammad Hassan , Hu Yongxia , Xu Fei , Wang Wenxing
Published: November 2024

Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) employs sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an insulating medium to shield electrical gadget. However, SF6 can decompose under sure situations, generating dangerous sulfur-based totally compounds which include SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2. These byproducts pose enormous dangers to both protection and environmental integrity. Efficiently adsorbing and disposing of those compounds is critical for ensuring operational reliability and reducing environmental dangers. This study investigates the adsorption and degradation mechanisms of SF₆ decomposition compounds (SO₂, SOF₂, and SO₂F₂) on boron nitride nanocones (BNNCs) using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Our comprehensive analysis covers five distinct systems, exploring individual and combined adsorption scenarios. The findings reveal that the apex of BNNCs plays a crucial role in the adsorption process, showing high efficiency in adsorbing SO₂ (adsorption energy − 1.22 eV) and facilitating the catalytic breakdown of SOF₂ (adsorption energy − 1.57 eV). The positively charged potential at the nanocone’s apex significantly influences the dissociation and subsequent adsorption of fluorine atoms, with an energy barrier for F dissociation at the apex (1.8 kcal/mol) much lower than at the sidewall (5.3 kcal/mol). In gas mixtures, SO₂ preferentially binds to the apex region of BNNCs, with a bond length of approximately 1.38 Å. BNNCs demonstrate superior adsorption capabilities for SO₂ and SOF₂ compared to other boron nitride nanostructures, with adsorption energies up to 89% higher. The electron transfer analysis reveals that BNNC complexes act as potent electron donors, particularly in the case of BNNC@3SO₂F₂. Additionally, BNNCs show significant potential as sensors for detecting SO₂F₂, with a rapid recovery time of 4.67 ps and a notable decrease in the Fermi level energy to -4.97 eV upon adsorption. The study also provides insights into the angular distribution and charge density difference profiles, offering a detailed understanding of the adsorption mechanisms. These findings have important implications for improving the safety and efficiency of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and contribute to the development of more effective environmental protection solutions in electrical power systems.
A survey of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors about evidence-based practice in physical therapists of Latin America: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Morales-Osorio Marco Antonio , Ordoñez-Mora Leidy T. , Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor , Araya-Quintanilla Felipe , Bays-Moneo Ana , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson
Published: November 2024

Evidence-based practice (EBP) refers to the integration of scientific evidence into the clinical setting. This study aimed to determine whether Latin American physiotherapists use EBP, analyze the associated factors, barriers, and facilitators, and examine the relationships between these elements in clinical practice. To conduct this cross-sectional study, the web-based questionnaire survey method was chosen. Survey was self-administered questionnaires to assess understanding of various EBP-related terms and determine their knowledge and ability to apply these concepts in clinical practice. The association between attitudes, awareness, and knowledge scores and the demographic data such as age group, years of experience, professional membership registry, and self-reported education was assessed. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 5000 physical therapists, of which 4099 (82%) responded from seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú, and Venezuela), between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2024. Overall, the physical therapists had positive attitudes, beliefs, and interests in EBP. Their educational background, knowledge, and skills related to assessing and interpreting information were associated to the use of EBP. In addition, 53% of respondents indicated that lack of time was the main obstacle to the use of EBP. The top 3 barriers included insufficient time (53%), lack of information resources (20.8%), and lack of research tools (13.6%). Among Latin American physical therapists, individual characteristics workplace, clinical experience, educational background, and demographic characteristics, may behave as facilitators or barriers when performing an EBP. Thus, identifying methods and strategies to support physical therapists in adopting EBP in the Latin American is necessary. The academization of physiotherapy training might change this in the future.
Protein phosphatase-1 regulates the binding of filamin C to FILIP1 in cultured skeletal muscle cells under mechanical stress
Authors: Kokot Thomas , Zimmermann Johannes P. , Schwäble Anja N. , Reimann Lena , Herr Anna L. , Höfflin Nico , Köhn Maja , Warscheid Bettina
Published: November 2024

The actin-binding protein filamin c (FLNc) is a key mediator in the response of skeletal muscle cells to mechanical stress. In addition to its function as a structural scaffold, FLNc acts as a signaling adaptor which is phosphorylated at S2234 in its mechanosensitive domain 20 (d20) through AKT. Here, we discovered a strong dephosphorylation of FLNc-pS2234 in cultured skeletal myotubes under acute mechanical stress, despite high AKT activity. We found that all three protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) isoforms are part of the FLNc d18-21 interactome. Enzymatic assays demonstrate that PP1 efficiently dephosphorylates FLNc-pS2234 and in vitro and in cells upon PP1 activation using specific modulators. FLNc-pS2234 dephosphorylation promotes the interaction with FILIP1, a mediator for filamin degradation. Altogether, we present a model in which dephosphorylation of FLNc d20 by the dominant action of PP1c prevails over AKT activity to promote the binding of the filamin degradation-inducing factor FILIP1 during acute mechanical stress.
AEBP1 is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle cell differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Okazaki Fumika , Yorozu Akira , Sekiguchi Shohei , Niinuma Takeshi , Maruyama Reo , Kitajima Hiroshi , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Ishiguro Kazuya , Toyota Mutsumi , Hatanaka Yui , Nishiyama Koyo , Ogi Kazuhiro , Kai Masahiro , Takano Kenichi , Ichimiya Shingo , Miyazaki Akihiro , Suzuki Hiromu
Published: November 2024

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer development. We recently reported that in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) is abundantly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), leading to CAF activation and inhibition of CD8 + T cell infiltration. In the present study, we investigated whether AEBP1 contributes to the destruction and atrophy of muscle tissues in OSCC. By analyzing human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs), we found that AEBP1 is downregulated during muscle cell differentiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that AEBP1 knockdown significantly upregulates myogenesis-related genes in HSMMs, and qRT-PCR and western blot analyses confirmed the induction of muscle-related genes, including MYOG, in HSMMs after AEBP1 knockdown. Conversely, ectopic expression of AEBP1 strongly suppressed myogenesis-related genes in HSMMs. Notably, indirect co-culture of HSMMs with OSCC cells led to AEBP1 upregulation and robust suppression of muscle-related genes in HSMMs. Treatment with TGF-β1 also upregulated AEBP1 and suppressed expression of muscle-related genes in HSMMs. Our findings suggest that AEBP1 is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle cell differentiation and that OSCC cells inhibit muscle cell differentiation, at least in part, by inducing AEBP1.
Exploring the ceRNA network involving AGAP2-AS1 as a novel biomarker for preeclampsia
Authors: Lu Fan , Zeng Ni , Xiao Xiang , Wang Xingxing , Gong Han , Lei Houkang
Published: November 2024

Preeclampsia (PE) is an important research subject in obstetrics. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of PE remain elusive. PE-related expression datasets (GSE96983, GSE96984 and GSE24129) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Firstly, the differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DE-mRNAs), DE-microRNA (DE-miRNAs) and DE-long non-coding RNA (DE-lncRNAs) between PE and control cohorts were identified, and the ceRNA network was constructed. Then candidate hub genes were obtained through five algorithms by the protein-protein intersection (PPI) network of the mRNAs. Further, five hub genes were identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and gene expression profiles: DAXX, EFNB1, NCOR2, RBBP4 and SOCS1. The function of 5 hub genes was analyzed and the interaction between drugs and hub genes was predicted. A total of 5 small molecule drugs were predicted, namely benzbromarone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, chembl312032, insulin and aldesleukin. AGAP2-AS1 was mainly located in exosome and cytoplasm. Agap2-as1-related regulatory subnetworks were extracted from ceRNA networks which included 41 mRNAs, 2 miRNAs and 1 lncRNA, including the regulated relationship pairs AGAP2-AS1-hsa-miR-497-5p-SRPRB, and AGAP2-AS1-hsa-miR-195-5p-RPL36. In summary, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to identify five potential biomarkers (DAXX, EFNB1, NCOR2, SOCS1 and RBBP4) of PE. The in-depth analysis of the AGAP2-AS1 regulatory network will help to uncover more important molecules closely related to PE and provide a scientific Reference.
Artificial intelligence assisted operative anatomy recognition in endoscopic pituitary surgery
Authors: Khan Danyal Z. , Valetopoulou Alexandra , Das Adrito , Hanrahan John G. , Williams Simon C. , Bano Sophia , Borg Anouk , Dorward Neil L. , Barbarisi Santiago , Culshaw Lucy , Kerr Karen , Luengo Imanol , Stoyanov Danail , Marcus Hani J.
Published: November 2024

Pituitary tumours are surrounded by critical neurovascular structures and identification of these intra-operatively can be challenging. We have previously developed an AI model capable of sellar anatomy segmentation. This study aims to apply this model, and explore the impact of AI-assistance on clinician anatomy recognition. Participants were tasked with labelling the sella on six images, initially without assistance, then augmented by AI. Mean DICE scores and the proportion of annotations encompassing the centroid of the sella were calculated. Six medical students, six junior trainees, six intermediate trainees and six experts were recruited. There was an overall improvement in sella recognition from a DICE of score 70.7% without AI assistance to 77.5% with AI assistance (+6.7; p < 0.001). Medical students used and benefitted from AI assistance the most, improving from a DICE score of 66.2% to 78.9% (+12.8; p = 0.02). This technology has the potential to augment surgical education and eventually be used as an intra-operative decision support tool.
Mevalonate pathway inhibition reduces bladder cancer metastasis by modulating RhoB protein stability and integrin β1 localization
Authors: Wang Gang , Peng Tianchen , Chen Liang , Xiong Kangping , Ju Lingao , Qian Kaiyu , Zhang Yi , Xiao Yu , Wang Xinghuan
Published: November 2024

The progression and outcome of bladder cancer (BLCA) are critically affected by the propensity of tumor metastasis. Our previous study revealed that activation of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway promoted migration of BLCA cells; however, the exact mechanism is unclear. Here we show that elevated expression of MVA pathway enzymes in BLCA cells, correlating with poorer patient prognosis by analyzing single-cell and bulk-transcriptomic datasets. Inhibition of the MVA pathway, either through knockdown of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) or using inhibitors such as zoledronic acid or simvastatin, led to a marked reduction in BLCA cell migration. Notably, this effect was reversed by administering geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), not farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or cholesterol, indicating the specificity of geranylgeranylation for cell motility. Moreover, we found that RhoB, a Rho GTPase family member, was identified as a key effector of the impact of the MVA pathway on BLCA metastasis. The post-translational modification of RhoB by GGPP-mediated geranylgeranylation influenced its protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, overexpression of RhoB was found to block the membrane translocation of integrin β1 in BLCA cells. In summary, our findings underscore the role of the MVA pathway in BLCA metastasis, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets of this malignancy.
Greening of India and revival of the South Asian summer monsoon in a warmer world
Authors: Clément Charlotte , Martinez Philippe , Yin Qiuzhen , Clemens Steven , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Prasad Srinivasan , Anupama Krishnamurthy , Su Qianqian , Lyu Anqi , Grémare Antoine , Desprat Stéphanie
Published: November 2024

While it is accepted that the tropical hydrological cycle has intensified during past interglacial periods due to changes in insolation, greenhouse gases and ice volume, their respective influences are uncertain. Here we present a pollen record from Bengal Bay to reconstruct vegetation changes in India’s core monsoon zone during two warm periods, the current and last interglacial, comparing the data with numerical model simulations to assess the influence of different forcing mechanisms. Results show tropical forest expansion between 11.7-5 ka and 127-120 ka, defining two Indian humid periods, with the last interglacial showing the strongest monsoon activity, consistent with salinity reconstructions. Model-data comparison highlights boreal summer insolation as the primary driver of vegetation dynamics and monsoon intensity during interglacial periods, with CO2 and ice-sheets having a limited effect. Vegetation remains unaffected by pre-industrial CO2 variations above 250 ppmv, a threshold value that characterizes most interglacials of the last million years.
JAK-STAT1 as therapeutic target for EGFR deficiency-associated inflammation and scarring alopecia
Authors: Strobl Karoline , Klufa Jörg , Jin Regina , Artner-Gent Lena , Krauß Dana , Novoszel Philipp , Strobl Johanna , Stary Georg , Vujic Igor , Griss Johannes , Holcmann Martin , Farlik Matthias , Homey Bernhard , Sibilia Maria , Bauer Thomas
Published: November 2024

The hair follicle stem cell niche is an immune-privileged microenvironment, characterized by reduced antigen presentation, thus shielding against permanent immune-mediated tissue damage. In this study, we demonstrated the protective role of hair follicle-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) against scarring hair follicle destruction. Mechanistically, disruption of EGFR signaling generated a cell-intrinsic hypersensitivity within the JAK-STAT1 pathway, which, synergistically with interferon gamma expressing CD8 T-cell and NK-cell-mediated inflammation, compromised the stem cell niche. Hair follicle-specific genetic depletion of either JAK1/2 or STAT1 or therapeutic inhibition of JAK1/2 ameliorated the inflammation, restored skin barrier function and activated the residual stem cells to resume hair growth in mouse models of epidermal and hair follicle-specific EGFR deletion. Skin biopsies from EGFR inhibitor-treated and cicatricial alopecia patients revealed an active JAK-STAT1 signaling signature along with upregulation of antigen presentation and downregulation of key components of the EGFR pathway. Our findings offer molecular insights and highlight a mechanism-based therapeutic strategy for addressing chronic folliculitis associated with EGFR-inhibitor anti-cancer therapy and cicatricial alopecia.
Separation of Rare Earth Elements and Nickel Harnessing Electrochemistry and Reactive CO2 Capture and Mineralization
Authors: Srivastava Akanksha , Jain Prarabdh , Gadikota Greeshma , Ochonma Prince , Noe Christopher , Yin Tianhe
Published: November 2024

The aim is to probe the chemical mechanisms underlying the use of multifunctional solvents to simultaneously capture and convert CO2 into insoluble Rare Earth Element (REE)-carbonates, while forming soluble complexes...
A first principles study on the stability and electronic and optical properties of 2D SbXY (X = Se/Te and Y = I/Br) Janus layers
Authors: Sudheer A. E. , Kumar Amrendra , Tejaswini G. , Vallinayagam M. , Posselt M. , Zschornak M. , Kamal C. , Murali D.
Published: November 2024

Exploring optoelectronic properties of SbXY (X = Se/Te and Y = I/Br) Janus layers.
Reinforcement of aluminum metal matrix composites through graphene and graphene-like monolayers: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Ellie , Luo Xuan
Published: November 2024

Silicon carbide and phosphorus-doped graphene reinforce aluminum composites with enhanced binding and fracture energies, preserving strength and conductivity crucial for aerospace applications.
Chemical bonding in Swedish upper secondary school education: a force-based teaching model for enhanced understanding
Authors: Koro Arvidsson Catalin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates if a force-based teaching approach, based on quantum mechanical principles and developed in a lesson study, would enhance the understanding of chemical bonding among upper secondary school students. The teaching approach was based on research on the teaching and learning of chemical bonding. The study included first-year students in upper secondary school in a pretest–intervention–posttest design. During four lessons the students were introduced to the underlying forces leading to the formation of all chemical bonds, specifically focusing on ionic- and covalent bonds. The first lesson, which included a presentation of coulombic interaction as a common basis of bond formation, was developed and improved through a lesson study. The lesson was revised based on feedback from 75 students describing why chemical bondings occur. After the four-lesson series about chemical bonding, a total of 67 of the 75 enrolled students had completed both a pre- and a posttest. The students’ answers to the tests were analyzed based on Bernstein's theory of vertical hierarchical and vertical horizontal discourse. The results of the posttests show that 60% of the students demonstrated solely or predominantly vertical hierarchical knowledge structure. These results indicate that most of the students could understand the force-based approach of chemical bonding by using a general theory, spanning over a wide range of the natural science field, with an abstract and specialized language. Moreover, the students who internalized a hierarchichal knowledge discourse about chemical bonding earned higher final grades in the upper secondary school chemistry when compared to students using a horizontal knowledge discourse, indicating that a force-based approach might facilitate a deeper understanding of other subareas within chemistry. In chemistry education research, the effect of using a force-based approach to teach chemical bonding has not previously been widely tested among upper secondary school students. This study responds to the need to test alternative teaching models to facilitate students’ understanding of chemical bonding.
Pyroelectric effects inducing negative feedback boiling heat transfer
Authors: Ma Miaoxin , He Hui , Chai Xiang , Zhang Tengfei , Xiong Jinbiao , Liu Xiaojing
Published: November 2024

Pyroelectric coatings manipulate boiling via temperature-dependent wettability, enhancing HTC at low fluxes and safety margins at high fluxes without extra input.
Viscosity solutions of centralized control problems in measure spaces
Authors: Aussedat Averil , Jerhaoui Othmane , Zidani Hasnaa
Published: November 2024

This work focuses on a control problem in the Wasserstein space of probability measures over ℝd. Our aim is to link this control problem to a suitable Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. We explore a notion of viscosity solution using test functions that are locally Lipschitz and locally semiconvex or semiconcave functions. This regularity allows to define a notion of viscosity and a Hamiltonian function relying on directional derivatives. Using a generalization of Ekeland’s principle, we show that the corresponding HJB equation admits a comparison principle, and deduce that the value function is the unique solution in this viscosity sense. The PDE tools are developed in the general framework of Measure Differential Equations.
Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compounds in Pregnancy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Farghaly Mohsen A.A. , Abuelazm Somaya , Farrell Ruth M. , Elgendy Marwa M. , Grove David , Abu-shaweesh Jalal M. , Dweik Raed A. , Aly Hany
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the volatile organic compounds (VOC)s in breath samples collected noninvasively from pregnant women during pregnancy and postpartum and compare it with nonpregnant controls.

Study Design This pilot study included 50 subjects: 10 pregnant patients in their first trimester, 10 in second trimester, 10 in third trimester, 10 in the first postpartum week, and 10 nonpregnant subjects as a control. We collected exhaled breath from subjects who reported to be healthy and free of any respiratory symptoms. Clinical and demographic data were collected. The samples were analyzed for VOCs using a selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometer.

Results The VOCs monitored were 22 compounds selected for their common presence in exhaled breath. During pregnancy and postpartum period, there were differences in five compounds mainly: 2-propanol, acrylonitrile, 1-nonene, 2-nonene, and hydrogen sulfide. Significant differences in VOCs were identified during each trimester compared with controls.

Conclusion VOCs could be measured safely and noninvasively in pregnant women. VOCs differed significantly among nonpregnant, pregnant women, and postpartum period. The utilization of this novel assay to identify fetal conditions or identifying women at risk of premature delivery, which should be further investigated in future studies.

Key Points
The PPP - Perineal Body Preserving PSARP (Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty) for Anorectal Malformation with Rectovestibular Fistula in Females—Report of Early Outcomes
Authors: Xu Thomas O. , Ryan Julia Ann , Feng Christina , Badillo Andrea , Sandler Anthony , Levitt Marc A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction The perineal body preserving posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) (PPP) is a novel modification of the original PSARP for female patients with rectovestibular fistulas designed to eliminate the risk of perineal body dehiscence. This study aims to examine the outcomes following PPP.

Methods A retrospective, single-institution study was performed examining female patients with rectovestibular fistula who underwent PPP between January /2020 and December 2023. Exposure was done through the intended anoplasty only. Perineal body or posterior sagittal incision was not utilized. No routine postoperative dilations were performed. The postoperative outcomes, day of discharge, time to first feeding, and early stooling patterns were assessed.

Results A total of 15 patients underwent a PPP at a median age of 6 months (range 2 days to 19 months) with median follow-up of 11 months (range 1–36). Three (20%) patients underwent repair within the first 3 months of life. Five (33%) had diverting ostomies prior to referral to our team. There was no incidence of dehiscence or rectal prolapse. Two (13%) patients developed an anal stricture which required revision. Fourteen (93%) patients resumed normal feeds on postoperative day 1. Eleven (73%) were discharged on postoperative day 1. All patients were stooling spontaneously at their most recent clinical encounter with 11 (73%) utilizing laxatives.

Conclusions PPP eliminates the risk of perineal body dehiscence and has a quick return to regular diet and home. There is a 13% stricture rate which could relate to a difference in the distal rectal mobilization compared with the traditional PSARP.
Facile Synthesis of 2- and 3-Substituted Indoles Using a Catalytic Amount of Pd/C and 1-Octene System
Authors: Hayashi Masahiko , Dong Xu , Matsubara Ryosuke
Published: November 2024

A novel and efficient synthesis of 3- and 2-substituted indoles starting from 2-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl or 2-nitro-1-alkyl)cyclohexanones and 1,4-diketones, respectively, using a catalytic amount of Pd/C and 1-octene system is reported.
Neoteric Solvents for Metal-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Authors: Langellotti Vincenzo , Melchiorre Massimo , Ruffo Francesco , Cucciolito Maria Elena , Esposito Roberto
Published: November 2024

Catalysis is a green methodology aimed at optimizing synthetic procedures by simplifying the design of target molecules and reducing energy and material consumption. However, catalytic reactions often rely on polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetonitrile, which present environmental and health issues. In response, manufacturers and researchers are exploring greener alternatives derived from residual biomass, which reduce the negative environmental impact of traditional solvents. These new classes of solvents are termed ‘neoteric’ in order to distinguish them from traditional solvents with well-established applications. This graphical review highlights key findings on the use of these new solvents in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Resveratrol-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles: Fabrication and in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Xing Banghuai , Luo Qian , Gan Tiantian , Jin Yi , Feng Jianfang , Cheng Meng , Tu Liangxing
Published: November 2024

Resveratrol (Res), an active ingredient derived from a multitude of plants, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability present significant challenges to its clinical application. Our study aimed to improve the transdermal absorption of Res using dissolving microneedle (MN) technology, which could effectively overcome the stratum corneum barrier. Res-loaded dissolving microneedles (Res-MNs) were fabricated using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K90 (PVP K90) as the matrix material, and a two-step casting procedure was employed. The process was optimized using the Box–Behnken experimental design approach. The characteristics of Res-MNs in vitro, including morphology, solubility, safety evaluation, and skin permeation, were studied. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of Res-MNs were a centrifugation time of 10 minutes, a solvent concentration of 25%, and a prescription ratio (Res: matrix) of 0.375. The skin permeability of the Res-MNs was enhanced compared with Res suspension and Res gel. The cumulative release of Res-MNs in vitro was 75%, which was approximately 5 and 3 times that of the Res suspension group and Res gel group. These results suggest that dissolving MNs may represent a potential approach for enhancing the transdermal delivery of poorly absorbed drugs such as Res.
Arthroscopic Management of Metacarpophalangeal Joint Synovial Chondromatosis
Authors: Mekki Yosra Magdi , Sandon Alexander , Hagert Elisabet
Published: November 2024

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition where cartilaginous nodules form within the synovium, which can detach and cause loose bodies within the joint. While it typically affects larger joints, involvement of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints is rarely described. We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient who had a slow-growing mass in her right third MCP (MCP III) joint, associated with limited finger motion, swelling, and pain. The diagnosis was confirmed using imaging studies. The patient underwent arthroscopic excision of multiple tumors and synovectomy via dorsal radial and ulnar MCP III portals. Postoperatively, there was rapid improvement in hand function, including normal and pain-free range of motion. This case highlights the benefits of arthroscopic management for synovial chondromatosis in the MCP joint, as it offers advantages like minimal invasiveness, reduced tissue damage, faster recovery times, and lower infection risk compared with traditional open methods.
PRC with Double Interposition Arthroplasty for Failed Partial Wrist Arthrodesis
Authors: Cantwell Sean R. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: November 2024

Background In patients with lunate fossa and proximal capitate degeneration, or failed scaphoid excision and partial wrist arthrodesis, double allograft interposition arthroplasty may allow patients to maintain wrist motion and improve pain.

Description of Technique Following dorsal exposure of the carpus, a completion proximal row carpectomy is performed. Suture anchors are placed evenly along the perimeter of the distal radius and used to secure a precut sheet of allograft. Additional suture anchors are placed at the proximal aspect of the distal carpal row, securing a second piece of allograft to the proximal capitate and hamate.

Patients, Methods, and Results We present the case of a female with osteogenesis imperfecta who failed prior partial wrist fusion for treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse. She declined wrist arthrodesis and was not a candidate for total wrist arthroplasty. Proximal row carpectomy with double interposition arthroplasty provided resolution of her pain and preserved her wrist range of motion.

Conclusions Double interposition arthroplasty may provide reliable pain relief and wrist range of motion for patients with advanced wrist arthritis in whom traditional salvage procedures are contraindicated or have failed. Use of this technique offers benefits that may minimize complications and improve longevity compared with previously described allograft interposition techniques.
Isolated Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Atallah Oday , Badary Amr , Sanker Vivek , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Ergen Anil , Kandasamy Regunath , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: November 2024

Background Pituitary apoplexy is an acute clinical syndrome constituted by headache, visual impairment, ophthalmoplegia, and altered mental status. Abducens nerve palsy due to pituitary apoplexy is a significant clinical manifestation in pituitary apoplexy cases.This study aims to investigate the rare occurrence of isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients with pituitary apoplexy, a condition characterized by sudden hemorrhagic or ischemic infarction of the pituitary gland.

Methods A search was conducted on major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, to identify cases of isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients with pituitary apoplexy. Only six cases were found in the available literature. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and relevant clinical features were compared between the cases.

Results Among the six identified cases, isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients with pituitary apoplexy predominantly affected middle-aged adults, with a prominent male preponderance. Clinical manifestations included acute-onset diplopia and headache, with the most common radiologic finding being pituitary gland enlargement or hemorrhage. Laboratory investigations revealed hormonal dysregulation in some cases. Treatment approaches varied and included conservative management and surgical intervention. Outcomes were generally favorable, with most patients experiencing partial or complete resolution of their cranial nerve palsy.

Conclusion Isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients in the context of pituitary apoplexy is an exceptionally rare occurrence, with only six documented cases in the available literature. Further research and case reporting are essential to better understand this rare clinical entity and guide optimal management strategies.
Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Adolescent Girls on Pubertal Changes in a Selected Schools, Mangaluru
Authors: Fernandes Sumitha , Zacharias Roselin , Noronha Wilma Shalini , Dsouza Deepthi Gladsy
Published: November 2024

Background Adolescence represents a pivotal stage marked by various physical, psychological-emotional, and social transformations. Among these changes, puberty stands out as a significant characterized by hormonal shifts, physical alterations, and emotional fluctuations.

Objectives The present study was aimed to assess perceived stress and coping strategies and find the relationship among adolescent girls on pubertal changes in a selected school in Mangaluru.

Materials and Methods The study adopted the descriptive survey design among 205 adolescent girls recruited by using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using self-developed stress rating scale and standardized brief-COPE.

Results The study findings showed that the majority of the adolescent girls attained menarche at the age of 12 to 13 years and 72.7% of the adolescent girls perceived less level of stress, while 98% of the adolescent girls employed ineffective coping strategies on pubertal changes. The study findings also found that there was a moderate positive correlation between perceived stress and coping strategies (r = 0.480) among adolescent girls on pubertal changes.

Conclusion The study concluded that adolescent girls have less stress on pubertal changes and employ ineffective coping strategies during pubertal changes.
The Use of a Resurfacing Capitate Pyrocarbon Implant in Conjunction with a Proximal Row Carpectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rooney Aaron , Maling Lucy C.
Published: November 2024

Degenerative wrist disease may have varying etiologies, but solutions to deal with this debilitating condition center around several common management pathways. Once nonoperative measures have been exhausted, generally there is a choice between motion sparing procedures or a total wrist arthrodesis. The appropriateness of motion sparing procedures will be dictated by the extent and pattern of degeneration, and midcarpal arthrosis is typically a contraindication to a proximal row carpectomy. One solution to this problem is to employ a Resurfacing Capitate Pyrocarbon Implant. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and effectiveness of this operation by systematically reviewing the literature. The findings of this review support the use of this implant in the setting of degenerative wrist disease, with reported outcomes comparable to similar operations. However, this is based on overall low numbers of reported outcomes with a reasonable chance of bias.

Level of Evidence III.