bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral response of people in Belgrade to the bombing campaign during 1999
Authors: Djuric Marija , Popovic Djordje , Djonic Danijela
Published: May 2013

Introduction. In contrast to numerous reports on long-term psychological
consequences of disasters, the literature addressing the acute impact of
intentional collective disaster is limited. Objective. This research aimed to
examine the impact of the bombing campaign on the behavior of people living
in Belgrade during the air attacks in 1999. Methods. The questionnaire was
designed and administered to 231 participants. Psychological distress
symptoms were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R).
Results. Participants reported fear and anger as dominant feelings, and the
majority of them complained about sleep disturbance, body weight change, and
loss of interest for sexual activity. Regression analysis of the scores of
the SCL-90-R revealed significant effects of the duration of living under the
stress of air attacks, age and gender of the participants and living in the
risky areas of the city, upon the scores on Anxiety and Depression dimension.
Conclusion. The results of the study contributed to our understanding of the
processes through which individuals pass during a long lasting bombardment.
It can be beneficial for mental health services in evaluating which actions
of care and support could be most suitable.
Alcohol use among adolescents in Serbia
Authors: Lutula-Golo Dragana , Ciric­Jankovic Spomenka , Santric­Milicevic Milena , Simic Snezana
Published: May 2013

Introduction. European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs
(ESPAD), the largest international research project, was conducted for the
first time in Serbia in 2008. Objective. The objective was to analyze data
obtained by ESPAD research on alcohol use among secondary school first grade
students, and particularly the difference in the use of alcohol by gender,
type of school students attend, their place of residence and the territory
among secondary school students in Serbia in 2008. Methods. Attitudes and
practice related to alcohol use of 6,553 secondary school first grade
students were analyzed. A standardized, internationally approved
questionnaire, structured and designed for self?filling was used on a
stratified, one?stage sample of students. The data received from the ESPAD
research were processed by ?2 test to test the significance of differences
between the observed characteristics, with the conclusion level of p<0.01.
Results. Over three?quarters of students can easily buy beer or wine. More
than one half can buy spirits and alcopops. 89.1% of students drank alcoholic
beverages at least once in a lifetime and 78.2% in the last year. At least
once in a lifetime 42.2% of students were drunk and 29.7% in the last year.
At least once in the last month 32.0% of students had five or more drinks in
a row. Boys consumed alcohol more frequently and got drunk more often than
girls (p<0.01). Conclusion. This research emphasizes the need for creating a
prevention of alcohol use and alcohol abuse program among adolescents and
more consistent application of the existing regulations aiming to decrease
alcohol use among adolescents in Serbia.
Financial sustainability of home care in the health system of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Konstantinovic Dejan , Lazarevic Vesna , Milovanovic Valentina , Lapcevic Mirjana , Konstantinovic Vladan , Vukovic Mira
Published: May 2013

Introduction. Over the last several years, during the economic crisis, the
Ministry of Health and the Republican Health Insurance Fund (RHIF) have been
faced with new challenges in the sphere of healthcare services financing both
in the primary as well as other types of health insurance in the Republic of
Serbia (RS). Objective. Analysis of cost?effectiveness of two models of
organization of home treatment and healthcare in the primary insurance, with
evaluation of the cost sustainability of a single visit by the in?home
therapy team. Methods. Economic evaluation of the cost of home treatment and
healthcare provision in 2011 was performed. In statistical analysis, the
methods of descriptive statistics were employed. The structure of fixed costs
of home healthcare was developed according to the RS official norms, as well
as fixed costs of providing services of home therapy by the Healthcare Centre
"New Belgrade". The statement of account for provided home therapy services
was made utilizing the RHIF price list. Results. The results showed that the
cost of home healthcare and therapy of the heterogeneous population of
patients in the Healthcare Centre "New Belgrade" was more cost?effective in
relation to the cost of providing home therapy services according to the RS
official norms. Conclusion. Approved costs utilized when making a contract
for services of home therapy and healthcare with the RHIF are not financially
sustainable. It was shown that the price of 10 EUR for each home visit by the
in?home therapy team enables sustainability of this form of providing
healthcare services in RS.
Bullet embolism in a case of homicide: Case report
Authors: Zivkovic Vladimir , Jukovic Fehim , Nikolic Slobodan
Published: May 2013

Introduction. Bullet embolism is a special form of embolism, where embolus is
either a bullet or its fragment. Bullet penetrates through the injured part
of the body into circulation and then travels to a distant part of the body,
until it gets blocked in a vessel of the same diameter as the bullet. Case
Outline. We are presenting a case of gunshot injury in a 26?year?old male,
found unconscious on the passenger seat, with the gunshot injury of the right
hand and hemithorax, who died two hours after admission to hospital.
Post?mortem X?ray revealed the presence of a metallic foreign body - a
bullet, in the level of the left femoral neck. The autopsy revealed entrance
and exit gunshot wounds of the upper third of the right upper arm. There was
a second entrance gunshot wound, and the bullet passed through the right
hemithorax and the right lung, and then through the intervertebral disc
between the eighth and ninth thoracic vertebrae, and also making a complete
laceration of the wall of the thoracic aorta, in the right posterior
semicircumference. The slightly deformed bul? let, caliber 7.65 mm, was found
embedded in the lumen of the vessel at the bifurcation of the deep femoral
artery from the left femoral artery. Conclusion. Bullet embolism is a rare
complication of gunshot wounds. It should be suspected in any gunshot wound
victim without an exit wound, or the lack of a missile in the bullet pathway,
or if there are premortem signs or symptoms unexpected for the presumed
pathway of the bullet, such as distant ischemia or infection. In these cases,
some of postmortem imaging techniques should be used to save time in
diagnosis, treatment and at autopsy.
Idiopathic short stature
Authors: Vlaski Jovan , Katanic Dragan , Jovanovic-Privrodski Jadranka , Kavecan Ivana , Vorgucin Ivana , Obrenovic Milan
Published: May 2013

Growth is a complex process and the basic characteristic of child- hood
growth monitoring provides insight into the physiological and pathological
events in the body. Statistically, the short stature means departure from the
values of height for age and sex (in a particular environment), which is
below -2 standard deviation score, or less than -2 standard deviation, i.e.
below the third percentile. Advances in molecular genetics have contributed
to the improvement of diagnostics in endocrinology. Analysis of patients?
genotypes should not be performed before taking a classical history, detailed
clinical examination and appropriate tests. In patients with idiopathic short
stature specific causes are excluded, such as growth hormone deficiency,
Turner syndrome, short stature due to low birth weight, intrauterine growth
retardation, small for gestational age, dysmorphology syndromes and chronic
childhood diseases. The exclusion of abovementioned conditions leaves a large
number of children with short stature whose etiology includes patients with
genetic short stature or familial short stature and those who are low in
relation to genetic potential, and who could also have some unrecognized
endocrine defect. Idiopathic short stature represents a short stature of
unknown cause of heterogeneous etiology, and is characterized by a normal
response of growth hormone during stimulation tests (>10 ng/ml or 20 mJ/l),
without other disorders, of normal body mass and length at birth. In
idiopathic short stature standard deviation score rates <-2.25 (-2 to -3) or
<1.2 percentile. These are also criteria for the initiation of growth hormone
therapy. In children with short stature there is also the presence of
psychological and social suffering. Goals of treatment with growth hormone
involve achieving normal height and normal growth rate during childhood.
The role of regulatory T cells in the modulation of anti-tumor immune response
Authors: Radosavljevic Gordana , Jovanovic Ivan , Kanjevac Tatjana , Arsenijevic Nebojsa
Published: May 2013

It has been shown that the loss of regulatory function by deple? + Regulatory
T cells (Treg) represent a subset of CD4 T cells whose function is to
suppress immune responses. Treg lymphocytes can be divided into two subsets:
natural nTreg lymphocytes that are developed in the thymus and inducible
iTreg lymphocytes, which originate from conventional T lymphocytes on the
periphery. The majority of Treg lymphocytes express high levels of
interleukin?2 (IL?2) receptor ? chain (CD25) and transcription factor FoxP3
(critical for the development and suppressor activity of iTreg lymphocytes).
Cancer cells can modulate anti?tumor immune response indirectly, through the
activation of Treg lymphocytes. tion of tumor?induced Treg lymphocytes may
enhance effectors response, resulting in tumor rejection, while the increased
number of Treg lymphocytes effectively prevents tumor destruction. nTreg
lymphocytes express increasingly CTLA?4 and membrane? bound TGF??, which
inhibits cytokine production and responses of effectors lymphocytes. iTreg
lymphocytes secrete immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL?10 and TGF??. Treg
lymphocytes represent one of important obstruction in anti?tumor immunity.
The evolution of the female sexual response concept: Treatment implications
Authors: Damjanovic Aleksandar , Duisin Dragana , Barisic Jasmina
Published: May 2013

Sexual dysfunctions have been the most prevalent group of sexual disorders
and include a large number of populations of both sexes. The research of
sexual behavior and treatment of women with sexual distress arises many
questions related to differences in sexual response of men and women. The
conceptualization of this response in modern sexology has changed over time.
The objective of our paper was to present the changes and evolution of the
female?s sexual response concept in a summarized and integrated way, to
analyze the expanded and revised definitions of the female sexual response as
well as implications and recommendations of new approaches to diagnostics and
treatment according to the established changes. The lack of adequate
empirical basis of the female sexual response model is a critical question in
the literature dealing with this issue. Some articles report that linear
models demonstrate more correctly and precisely the sexual response of women
with normal sexual functions in relation to women with sexual dysfunction.
Modification of this model later resulted in a circular model which more
adequately presented the sexual response of women with sexual function
disorder than of women with normal sexual function. The nonlinear model of
female sexual response constructed by Basson incorporates the value of
emotional intimacy, sexual stimulus and satisfaction with the relationship.
Female functioning is significantly affected by multiple psychosocial factors
such as satisfaction with the relationship, self-image, earlier negative
sexual experience, etc. Newly revised, expanded definitions of female sexual
dysfunction try to contribute to new knowledge about a highly contextual
nature of woman?s sexuality so as to enhance clinical treatment of
dysfunctions. The definitions emphasize the evaluation of the context of
women?s problematic sexual experiences.
The Efficacy of Private Sector Providers in Improving Public Educational Outcomes
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Nisar Hiren
Published: May 2013

School districts required under No Child Left Behind (NCLB) to provide supplemental educational services (SES) to students in schools that are not making adequate yearly progress rely heavily on the private sector to offer choice in services. If the market does not drive out ineffective providers, students may not gain through SES participation. We estimate SES provider effects on students’ math and reading achievement in an urban school district that accounts for a significant share of participating students. We expect this research to inform education policy on the viability of policy interventions employing a private market model to improve public sector outcomes, including the reauthorization of Title I and district tutoring interventions under NCLB and after federal waivers from NCLB.
Teacher Motivation as a Factor in Language Teaching and Learning in Nigeria
Authors: Christopher Nkechi M
Published: May 2013

A survey was carried out to investigate the level of teacher motivation, the association between teacher motivation and language learning and teaching, as well as the factors that could impact on them in two states in the Nigeria federation. This study became necessary in order to assess the impact that government efforts, particularly the use of salary incentives, have made in restoring standards in the school system. The view is held that there has been no commensurate improvement in student performance in response to government’s gesture. However, this study indicates that most teachers are more intrinsically than extrinsically motivated in their exhibition of commendable classroom behaviours. Teachers’ claim that they are not motivated to teach is supported by negative assessment of several variables in the teaching/learning environment that are critical in raising and maintaining teacher motivation, teaching efficiency and effective language learning. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 17 No. 1-2, December 2012, Page 14-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8089
Developing Students’ Writing Skill through Peer and Teacher Correction: An Action Research
Authors: Sapkota Ashok
Published: May 2013

Writing is a form of an art and integral part of language learning. The present study concerns with development of writing skills through peer and teacher correction technique. As an action research in nature, the research aimed to test the progress of the students while writing an essay. After the analysis of data collected through test items, it was seen improvement in students writing in post test than in pre-test. The students (Ss1-Ss10) were found using the words in an increased order and grammatically correct sentences in their writing in each test made and committed less grammatical errors in post test than in pre and progress test. Regarding mechanics of writing, their writing was found systematic in case of punctuation, proper use of paragraphs, in coherence and cohesion in writing. The peer correction and teacher correction technique was found productive in teaching writing through action research as a whole. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 17 No. 1-2, December 2012, Page 70-82 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8094
The impact of reflective writing paper on non-English major learners’ autonomy in the context of Vietnam
Authors: Van Phan Thi Tuyet
Published: May 2013

The article aims to investigate the impact of the reflective writing paper on non- English major learners’ learning autonomy in a Vietnamese context. The data was collected by means of questionnaire, competence tests and interviews. The participants did two reflective writing papers as an intervention during the research. The research results show the possibilities for teachers to modify their teaching methods through analysis of feedback from the subjects. The findings showed that most participants appreciated the role of the reflective writing paper and they were aware of the significance of learning autonomy in their study process. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 17 No. 1-2, December 2012, Page 104-128 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v17i1-2.8102
Vertical seismic profiling of glaciers: appraising multi-phase mixing models
Authors: Gusmeroli Alessio , Murray Tavi , Clark Roger A. , Kulessa Bernd , Jansson Peter
Published: May 2013

We have investigated the speed of compressional waves in a polythermal glacier by, first, predicting them from a simple three-phase (ice, air, water) model derived from a published ground-penetrating radar study, and then comparing them with field data from four orthogonally orientated walkaway vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) acquired in an 80 m deep borehole drilled in the ablation area of Storglaciären, northern Sweden. The model predicts that the P-wave speed increases gradually with depth from 3700ms–1 at the surface to 3760ms–1 at 80m depth, and this change is almost wholly caused by a reduction in air content from 3% at the surface to <0.5% at depth. Changes in P-wave speed due to water content variations are small (<10 ms–1); the model’s seismic cold–temperate transition surface (CTS) is characterized by a 0.3% decrease downwards in P-wave speed (about ten times smaller than the radar CTS). This lack of sensitivity, and the small contrast at the CTS, makes seismically derived water content estimation very challenging. Nevertheless, for down-going direct-wave first arrivals for zero- and near-offset VSP shots, we find that the model-predicted travel times and field observations agree to within 0.2 ms, i.e. less than the observational uncertainties.
From Neural Plate to Cortical Arousal—A Neuronal Network Theory of Sleep Derived from in Vitro “Model” Systems for Primordial Patterns of Spontaneous Bioelectric Activity in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System
Authors: Corner Michael
Published: May 2013

In the early 1960s intrinsically generated widespread neuronal discharges were discovered to be the basis for the earliest motor behavior throughout the animal kingdom. The pattern generating system is in fact programmed into the developing nervous system, in a regionally specific manner, already at the early neural plate stage. Such rhythmically modulated phasic bursts were next discovered to be a general feature of developing neural networks and, largely on the basis of experimental interventions in cultured neural tissues, to contribute significantly to their morpho-physiological maturation. In particular, the level of spontaneous synchronized bursting is homeostatically regulated, and has the effect of constraining the development of excessive network excitability. After birth or hatching, this “slow-wave” activity pattern becomes sporadically suppressed in favor of sensory oriented “waking” behaviors better adapted to dealing with environmental contingencies. It nevertheless reappears periodically as “sleep” at several species-specific points in the diurnal/nocturnal cycle. Although this “default” behavior pattern evolves with development, its essential features are preserved throughout the life cycle, and are based upon a few simple mechanisms which can be both experimentally demonstrated and simulated by computer modeling. In contrast, a late onto- and phylogenetic aspect of sleep, viz., the intermittent “paradoxical” activation of the forebrain so as to mimic waking activity, is much less well understood as regards its contribution to brain development. Some recent findings dealing with this question by means of cholinergically induced “aroused” firing patterns in developing neocortical cell cultures, followed by quantitative electrophysiological assays of immediate and longterm sequelae, will be discussed in connection with their putative implications for sleep ontogeny.
Coupled Outdoor and Indoor Airflow Prediction for Buildings Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Mohamed Mohd , King Steve , Behnia Masud , Prasad Deo
Published: May 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for simultaneously predicting the outdoor and indoor airflows of single-cell and multi-storey buildings. Empirical models and two existing wind tunnel experimental data are used for validation. This study found that coupled CFD simulations provide sufficiently accurate airflow predictions and, in cases of buildings with complex façade treatments, accurately accounts for changes in ventilation performance, which may be impossible using empirical models. This study concludes that coupled CFD simulations can generally be used to predict ventilation performance in small and large buildings.
Analysis of Damage in Laminated Architectural Glazing Subjected to Wind Loading and Windborne Debris Impact
Authors: Shetty Mahesh , Wei Jun , Dharani Lokeswarappa , Stutts Daniel
Published: May 2013

Wind loading and windborne debris (missile) impact are the two primary mechanisms that result in window glazing damage during hurricanes. Wind-borne debris is categorized into two types: small hard missiles; such as roof gravel; and large soft missiles representing lumber from wood-framed buildings. Laminated architectural glazing (LAG) may be used in buildings where impact resistance is needed. The glass plies in LAG undergo internal damage before total failure. The bulk of the published work on this topic either deals with the stress and dynamic analyses of undamaged LAG or the total failure of LAG. The pre-failure damage response of LAG due to the combination of wind loading and windborne debris impact is studied. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based constitutive model is developed and implemented via an axisymmetric finite element code to study the failure and damage behavior of laminated architectural glazing subjected to combined loading of wind and windborne debris impact. The effect of geometric and material properties on the damage pattern is studied parametrically.
Targeting Neutrophil Apoptosis for Enhancing the Resolution of Inflammation
Authors: El Kebir Driss , Filep János
Published: May 2013

Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process that requires inhibition of further leukocyte recruitment and removal of leukocytes from inflamed sites. Emigrated neutrophils undergo apoptosis before being removed by scavenger macrophages. Recent studies using a variety of gene knockout, transgenic and pharmacological strategies in diverse models of inflammation established neutrophil apoptosis as a critical control point in resolving inflammation. Analysis of death mechanisms revealed distinct features in executing the death program in neutrophils, which can be exploited as targets for controlling the lifespan of neutrophils. Indeed, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators derived from essential fatty acids, such as lipoxin A4 and resolvin E1, autacoids and proteins, such as annexin A1 and TRAIL, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, can enhance the resolution of inflammation through induction of neutrophil apoptosis and promoting their removal by efferocytosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of these actions, highlighting the potential of therapeutic induction of neutrophil apoptosis for dampening neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and inflammation underlying a variety of diseases.
Deepening the Conception of Functional Information in the Description of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kosoy Michael
Published: May 2013

Infectious agents, their hosts, and relevant abiotic components are directly involved in the complex dynamic process of maintaining infectious diseases in Nature. The current tendency to focus on host-pathogen interactions at the molecular and organismal levels does not advance our knowledge about infectious diseases, as much as it potentially could, by ignoring the ecological context pivotal for understanding the biology of the diseases. A new model of investigation requires a dynamic shift of perspectives in the “simplicity-complexity” dimension: from virulence factors to multi-sided descriptions of the pathogens; from particular microbes to wide microbial communities; from clinical manifestations to a variety of infectious patterns; from findings of infectious agents to defining a natural focus of the infection as a self-regulated system; from single factors affecting host-parasite relations to the complex ecological context. Various aspects of interactions between hosts, vectors, pathogens, and environmental niches should be integrated at multiple spatiotemporal scales and at different levels of biological organization (molecular, genomic, organismal, population, and ecosystem).
Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack
Authors: Yang Yalian , Hu Xiaosong , Qing Datong , Chen Fangyuan
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a model-based cell-health-conscious thermal energy management method. An Arrhenius equation-based mathematical model is firstly identified to quantify the effect of temperature on the cell lifetime of a Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery pack. The cell aging datasets collected under multiple ambient temperatures are applied to extract the Arrhenius equation parameters. The model is then used as an assessment criterion and guidance for the thermal management design of battery packs. The feasibility and applicability of a pack structure with its cooling system, is then evaluated, and its design problems are studied by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The performance and eligibility of the design method is validated by both CFD simulations and experiments.
Dietary Fatty Acids and Immune Response to Food-Borne Bacterial Infections
Authors: Harrison Lisa , Balan Kannan , Babu Uma
Published: May 2013

Functional innate and acquired immune responses are required to protect the host from pathogenic bacterial infections. Modulation of host immune functions may have beneficial or deleterious effects on disease outcome. Different types of dietary fatty acids have been shown to have variable effects on bacterial clearance and disease outcome through suppression or activation of immune responses. Therefore, we have chosen to review research across experimental models and food sources on the effects of commonly consumed fatty acids on the most common food-borne pathogens, including Salmonella sp., Campylobacter sp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Altogether, the compilation of literature suggests that no single fatty acid is an answer for protection from all food-borne pathogens, and further research is necessary to determine the best approach to improve disease outcomes.
Appel-reagent-mediated transformation of glycosyl hemiacetal derivatives into thioglycosides and glycosyl thiols
Authors: Ghosh Tamashree , Santra Abhishek , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: May 2013

A series of glycosyl hemiacetal derivatives have been transformed into thioglycosides and glycosyl thiols in a one-pot two-step reaction sequence mediated by Appel reagent (carbon tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine). 1,2-trans-Thioglycosides and β-glycosyl thiol derivatives were stereoselectively formed by the reaction of the in situ generated glycosyl bromides with thiols and sodium carbonotrithioate. The reaction conditions are reasonably simple and yields were very good.
TRAMVAJUS IR (ARBA) METROPOLITENAS VILNIAUS URBANISTINĖJE STRUKTŪROJE. PASIŪLYMAI IR ARGUMENTAI /TRAM/METRO IN URBAN STRUCTURE OF VILNIUS. PROPOSALS AND ARGUMENTS
Authors: Juškevičius Pranciškus , Valeika Vidualdas , Jauneikaitė Kristina
Published: May 2013

Until now and continuously in future communication problems in Vilnius will be caused by residents’ mobility and chosen communication means as well as the way of living in urban structure, street network and other type of environment. Regulation (management) of such an entirety would be a clue for solving the problems. In nowadays discussions there are no mentions about such an entirety or tram/metro functional environment. Efforts to find proper development proportions of public and personal transportation systems are one of measures for real problem solution. With this purpose social and political communication system environment, flow de facto and transportation potency, mobility management and importance of urban structure were approached in this work in general and specifically for Vilnius case. Suggestions and arguments for tram system implementation are given in the paper.

Santrauka

Vilniaus susisiekimo problemas sukūrė ir toliau kurs gyventojų mobilumas ir pasirenkamos susisiekimo priemonės, taip pat ir gyvenimo būdas urbanistinės struktūros, gatvių tinklo ir kitokio tipo aplinkoje. Tokios visumos reguliavimas (valdymas) ir yra problemų sprendimo raktas. Dabartinėse diskusijose apie tokią visumą arba apie tramvajaus, metropoliteno funkcionavimo aplinką neužsimenama. Problemos sprendimui priskirtinos pastangos rasti tinkamas viešojo ir asmeninio susisiekimo sistemų išvystymo proporcijas. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama socialinė ir politinė susisiekimo sistemos aplinka, susisiekimo kokybė, faktinis transporto priemonių srautas ir vežimų galia, mobilumo valdymas, urbanistinės struktūros svarba apskritai ir konkrečiai Vilniaus atveju. Pateikiami pasiūlymai ir argumentai tramvajaus diegimo klausimu.
LIETUVOS URBANISTINIŲ SISTEMŲ TRANSFORMACIJOS IR MUTACIJOS
Authors: Juškevičius Pranciškus , Mozūriūnaitė Skirmantė , Motieka Saulius
Published: May 2013

The paper discusses several issues related to the formation of new Lithuanian urban practice and theory in the rapidly developing urban environment. Resulting urban mutations and urban implications with problematic areas of contemporary cities are discussed. The authors identify the issues of undetermined and officially unacknowledged aspects and consequences, such as urban mutations, transformations and urban blight, by the inflexible Lithuanian urban planning system. The issue of inertia, lack of ability to adapt to a rapidly changing need of urban, economic fluctuations, and social change of organized development and planning are discussed. Santrauka Straipsnyje aptariamas Lietuvos naujos urbanistinės praktikos ir teorijos kūrimosi procesas, kuris daugeliu atvejų yra nesėkmingas. Per 20 m. susiformavo 3 probleminės sritys: savaiminiai spontaniški procesai – miesto rūdijimas arba mutacijos – nėra oficialiai pripažinti; suplanuotos miestų struktūrų transformacijos – jos neturi įvertinimo ir įgyvendinimo priemonių; mokslinės ir profesinės veiklos devalvavimas. Nagrinėjamos urbanistinio planavimo ir jo įgyvendinimo per tam tikrą laiką ir tam tikroje erdvėje disproporcijos, darniosios plėtros principų ir realiai vykstančių urbanistinių mutacijų turinio vektorių esminis išsiskyrimas. Siūlomi esminiai pakeitimai: pripažinti realiai egzistuojančius procesus ir urbanistinių sistemų įvairovę bei procesų tikimybinį pobūdį; periodinį planavimą transformuoti į tęstinį lankstų procesą; planavimo sprendinių privalomumą – į rekomendacijas; pripažinti visuomenės dalyvavimo privačių ir viešų interesų atskyrimo pagrindimą planavimo procese, pripažinti transformacijų ir mutacijų visumos ryšius.
AN INVERSE DYNAMICS METHOD FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE SYSTEMS
Authors: Zhu Tao , Xiao Shoune , Yang Guangwu , Ma Weihua , Zhang Zhixin
Published: May 2013

The wheel–rail action will obviously be increased during the vehicles in high-speed operation state. However, in many practical cases, direct measurement of the wheel–rail contact forces cannot be performed with traditional procedures and transducers. An inverse mathematical dynamic model for the estimation of wheel–rail contact forces from measured accelerations was developed. The inverse model is a non-iteration recurrence method to identify the time history of input excitation based on the dynamic programming equation. Furthermore, the method overcomes the weakness of large fluctuations which exist in current inverse techniques. Based on the inverse dynamic model, a high-speed vehicle multibody model with twenty-seven Degree of Freedoms (DOFs) is established. With the measured responses as input, the inverse vehicle model can not only identify the responses in other parts of vehicle, but also identify the vertical and lateral wheel–rail forces respectively. Results from the inverse model were compared with experiment data. In a more complex operating condition, the inverse model was also compared with results from simulations calculated by SIMPACK.
MENAS VIEŠOSIOSE MIESTO ERDVĖSE: KŪRĖJO, UŽSAKOVO IR PUBLIKOS VERTYBIŲ SANDRAUGOS KLAUSIMAS
Authors: Lubytė Elona
Published: May 2013

Public urban spaces reflect the values of society (authors, customers and the public). During transition from the soviet state-planned economy towards market-driven relations, or, in other words, moving from the politically-determined way towards a democratic variety of creative expression, a system of centralized state contracts is being substituted by a more liberal way of contracting works of art in public spaces.

As a consequence, nowadays a public urban space should turn into a platform for representation of various artistic programs that are based on different world outlook values. However, in so far, relations between the authors of various artistic programs, their contracting authorities, and the public are undergoing rather the stage of “cold war” than democratic tolerance (those who are not with us are against us).

While examining the reasons of this phenomenon by research methodologies of social sciences (marketing, management), including PEST, SWOT, case analyses, the paper discusses links of the world outlook values of the author, customer and the public with expression of the contemporary sculpture in public urban spaces (starting with monumental representation and moving towards the site-specific art objects and socially engaged art). To this end, the focus is turned to the reasons of contradictions between values in various contemporary artistic programs and partnership patterns (post-soviet, liberal, new left-wing, learning from Las Vegas, political appropriation).

Santrauka

Viešosios miesto erdvės atspindi vertybines visuomenės (kūrėjo, užsakovo ir publikos) nuostatas. Pereinant iš sovietmečio planinės ekonomikos į rinkos santykius, nuo politiškai reglamentuotos link demokratinės kūrybinės raiškos įvairovės, centralizuotą valstybinių užsakymų sistemą keičia liberalesnė meno kūrinių viešosiose erdvėse užsakymo sistema. Todėl šiandien viešoji miesto erdvė turėtų tapti skirtingų pasaulėžiūrinių vertybinių meninių programų pateikimo platforma. Tačiau kol kas santykiams tarp skirtingų meninių programų kūrėjų, užsakovų ir publikos būdinga ne demokratinė tolerancija, o šaltojo karo (kas ne su mumis, tas prieš mus, t. y. mūsų priešas) pozicija. Ieškant šio reiškinio priežasčių, pasitelkus socialinių mokslų (vadybos, marketingo) tyrimų metodus (PEST, SSGG, stebėjimą ir atvejų analizę), pranešime aptariamos kūrėjo, užsakovo ir publikos pasaulėžiūrinių vertybių sąsajos su šiuolaikinės skulptūros viešosiose miesto erdvėse raiška (nuo monumentalios reprezentacijos link skirtų konkrečiai vietai meno objektų (site-specific art object) ir socialiai angažuotos (socially engaged) kūrybos). Tuo tikslu sutelkiamas dėmesys į skirtingų nūdienos meninių programų ir partnerystės modelių (jie yra tokie: posovietinis, liberalus, naujosios kairės, mokymosi iš Las Vegaso, politinės apropriacijos) vertybių prieštarų priežastis.
Propriété et classes populaires : des politiques aux trajectoires
Authors: Girard Violaine , Lambert Anne , Steinmetz Hélène
Published: May 2013

La propriété populaire d’occupation constitue un mot d’ordre politique mobilisé dans des contextes nationaux et historiques variés. Si les classes populaires ont très souvent été associées au logement social, ce dossier porte le regard sur la fabrique des politiques de promotion de l’accession populaire et sur leurs effets en termes de stratification sociale. Parce que les logiques socio-politiques et institutionnelles de production de l’accession populaire comme les trajectoires sociales des accédants, participent à la redéfinition des hiérarchies sociales, ce dossier souhaite ainsi contribuer à la réflexion sur le renouvellement des rapports sociaux de classe.
Les Chalandonnettes
Authors: Steinmetz Hélène
Published: May 2013

Cet article traite de la contribution de l’action publique à la genèse et à la dévalorisation des formes de la propriété populaire, en interrogeant la construction politique des marchés du logement. Il analyse précisément la manière dont le ministère de l’Équipement suscite, au début des années 1970, une offre de maisons individuelles à bas prix, à travers la construction de près de 70 000 pavillons connus sous le nom de « chalandonnettes ». En se fondant sur les archives du ministère, ce texte analyse le rôle des hauts fonctionnaires de l’Équipement dans la genèse de cette politique. À la fin des années 1960, la nécessité d’une intervention directe et centralisée de l’État dans la production de maisons « bas de gamme », pour encadrer le développement spontané de l’habitat pavillonnaire, s’impose parmi eux comme une évidence. Toutefois, les transformations des rapports de force dans le champ des politiques du logement, au cours des années 1970, contribuent à la perte de légitimité de cette forme d’action publique, au profit d’une intervention étatique plus indirecte sur le marché de la maison à bas prix, qui contribue à redessiner l’espace des possibles de la propriété populaire.
Une maison pour le peuple portugais
Authors: Borges Pereira Virgílio , Queirós João
Published: May 2013

À partir d’une caractérisation générale de la « question du logement » dans la première moitié du XX e  siècle au Portugal, cet article propose une analyse du processus de mise en œuvre de la première grande politique de logement de l’État portugais : le programme des maisons économiques ( programa das casas económicas ), la réponse de l’ Estado Novo à la crise du logement qui sévit à l’époque dans le pays, organisée en 1933 autour de la promotion de la propriété de la maison. En s’appuyant sur l’étude de la législation, sur des données issues d’archives et tirant parti des mémoires de résidents âgés, le texte reconstitue les processus de sélection sociale, de ségrégation spatiale et de contrôle moral qui organisaient le quotidien du plus grand quartier de maisons économiques de la ville de Porto – le quartier d’Amial , construit en 1938 et étendu en 1958.
Devenir propriétaire en cité HLM
Authors: Gilbert Pierre
Published: May 2013

La différenciation croissante à l’intérieur des classes populaires se manifeste notamment par un clivage entre fractions précaires des cités HLM et fractions stables propriétaires des zones pavillonnaires. En promouvant l’accession à la propriété au cœur des cités, la politique de rénovation urbaine est susceptible de modifier les logiques à l’origine de ce clivage résidentiel. À partir d’une monographie de quartier, cet article souligne que, au lieu des classes moyennes attendues, les accédants à la propriété appartiennent aux fractions stables des classes populaires. Devenir propriétaire en cité HLM leur permet de connaître une petite mobilité résidentielle tout en préservant les liens familiaux et de proximité essentiels à leur équilibre domestique. Leur trajectoire et les efforts imposés par ce nouvel habitat les conduisent à investir intensément leur monde privé et à mettre à distance le quartier et ses habitants les moins « respectables ». Si la rénovation urbaine modifie le peuplement des cités en freinant les logiques centrifuges qui suscitaient jusque-là le départ des catégories stables, la cohabitation de celles-ci avec les plus précaires ne se traduit donc pas par leur rapprochement social.
La gauche et le périurbain
Authors: Lambert Anne
Published: May 2013

Comment les élus des petites communes périurbaines se saisissent-ils des politiques nationales de logement – entre soutien à la propriété et promotion de la mixité sociale – pour tenter d’agir sur le bâti et le peuplement de leur territoire ? C’est la question que pose cet article à partir de l’étude d’une commune pavillonnaire en forte croissance et passée à gauche en 1983, un contexte dans lequel la question de la mixité sociale n’est que très rarement posée. L’analyse des logiques socio-politiques et institutionnelles qui sous-tendent, localement, la production des lotissements révèle, dès lors, leur ambiguïté : les grands lotissements « à l’américaine » visent à attirer les familles de classes moyennes lyonnaises, tandis que l’imposition de quotas de logements sociaux dans les nouveaux programmes doit permettre de loger les ménages modestes de la commune, majoritairement ouvriers et employés. Toutefois, la politique des élus se trouve largement infléchie par les promoteurs immobiliers, en particulier en période de crise économique. L’analyse statistique du peuplement des lotissements montre en effet l’écart qui sépare le projet politique de sa réalisation, avec l’apparition de processus de micro-ségrégation sociale et raciale à l’échelle des lotissements.
Enhancing the Access to Public Procurement Notices by Promoting Product Scheme Classifications to the Linked Open Data Initiative
Authors: Rodríguez Jose María Alvarez , Paredes Luis Polo , Azcona Emilio Rubiera , González Alejandro Rodríguez , Gayo José Emilio Labra , Ordoñez de Pablos Patricia
Published: May 2013

This chapter introduces the promotion of existing product scheme classifications to the Linked Open Data initiative in the context of the European Union and other official organizations such as United Nations. A common data model and an enclosed conversion method based on Semantic Web vocabularies such as SKOS are also presented to encode data and information following the W3C standards RDF and OWL. This work is applied to the e-procurement sector, more specifically, to enhance the access to the public procurement notices published in the European Union. Finally, an evaluation of the gain, in terms of expressivity, is reported with the objective of demonstrating the advantages of applying Linked Data to retrieve information resources.
Providing Information from Brazilian Politicians Using Linked Data
Authors: Francisco de Souza Jairo , Siqueira Sean Wolfgand M. , Araújo Lucas de Ramos , Melo Rubens Nascimento
Published: May 2013

Since its inception, the Web has undergone continuous evolution in order to improve itself as a means of global communication and information sharing. Open Government Data are increasingly being published on the Web, contributing to the transparency and the reusability of public data. At the same time, the use of Linked Data has been increasing in recent years, enabling the development of better and smarter applications. This chapter presents a case on the publication of Open Government Data using the Linked Data practices, by creating a data set of Brazilian politicians with information collected from different sources. This is the first dataset providing Brazilian linked data.
A Semantic Framework for Touristic Information Systems
Authors: Lima Salvador , Moreira José
Published: May 2013

The Web is a crucial means for the dissemination of touristic information. However, most touristic information resources are stored directly in Web pages or in relational databases that are accessible through ad-hoc Web applications, and the use of automated processes to search, extract and interpret information can hardly be implemented. The Semantic Web technologies, aiming at representing the background knowledge about Web resources in a computational way, can be an important contribution to the development of such automated processes. This chapter introduces the concept of touristic object, giving special attention to the representation of temporal, spatial, and thematic knowledge. It also proposes a three-layered architecture for the representation of touristic objects in the Web. The central part is the domain layer, defining a Semantic Model for Tourism (SeMoT) to describe concepts, relationships, and constraints using ontologies. The data layer supports the mapping of touristic information in relational databases into Resource Description Framework (RDF) virtual graphs following the SeMoT specification. The application layer deals with the integration of information from different data sources into a unified knowledge model, offering a common vocabulary to describe touristic information resources. Finally, we also show how to use this framework for planning touristic itineraries.
Variables Performance for E-Services Acceptance
Authors: Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: May 2013

This case study examines the Web Electronic Service framework for a University in Australia. The department is in the process of developing and implementing a Web-based e-service system. The user experience to use e-services requires insight into the attributes that shape the experience variable. The descriptive data about the attributes that form the experience variable is provided in this study.
World Energy Outlook and Impact of Oil Prices on Financial Crisis
Authors: Kolbay Altan
Published: May 2013

In this chapter, the correlation of growth in population, economic welfare, and increase in the energy demand is evaluated with examples. The biggest concern of mankind is which sources cover the immense energy demand. It is obvious that fossil fuels are the base energy source, and in order to supply developing energy needs, serious investments are needed in the energy sector. That is why the results of monetary aspects in energy prices and the conditions in leading supplier countries are also evaluated.
Crisis Management in the Public Sector
Authors: Sigri Unsal
Published: May 2013

The practice and study of public administration has long included questions of efficiency and effectiveness in crisis management. There are some misunderstandings of the problems faced, like the recent global economic crisis from the public management perspective. These misunderstandings in the public sector may cause different perceptions of the crisis, which lead people and organizations to some misunderstandings and ineffective reactions of crisis management, which bring slower and ineffective results. In light of this rapidly changing environment, “new public management” requires quick, flexible, and adaptive decision making systems and structures. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the usage of “systems thinking” in “new public management” to provide a dynamic approach to crisis management. In that respect, a structural analysis of the global and local crisis and systems thinking modeling is discussed in the scope of crisis in the first section. In the second section, the relationship between new public management and systems thinking within crisis management in the public sector is studied. In the conclusion, the necessity of usage of the new tools and decision support systems by public management in crisis management is emphasized in light of the developments brought by New Public Management.