bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ni-based catalysts supported on nanodiamonds for phenol hydrogenation: the effect of support surface treatment on the catalytic performance
Authors: Li Huafan , Zhou Nan , Zhu Tianli , Tang Hailian , Bai Guoyi
Published: March 2023

Here, we reported a Ni-catalyst supported on H2O2 modified nanodiamonds (NDs) which showed much improved catalytic activity and stability for the phenol hydrogenation reaction than the reference catalysts.
Evaluating the efficacy of nanosized CuZnAl and CuZnZr mixed oxides for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Mokhtar M. , Li Yining , Halawani Wael , Narasimharao Katabathini , Abdel Salam Mohamed , Alshehri Abdulmohsen A. , Khdary Nezar H. , Al-Faifi Sulaiman , Gu Lin , Dutta Chowdhury Abhishek
Published: March 2023

The increased awareness of carbon management has prompted the scientific community towards delivering sustainable catalytic technologies, preferably from CO2.
Strategies for improvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis via lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation
Authors: Pannerchelvan Sangkaran , Rios-Solis Leonardo , Faizal Wong Fadzlie Wong , Zaidan Uswatun Hasanah , Wasoh Helmi , Mohamed Mohd Shamzi , Tan Joo Shun , Mohamad Rosfarizan , Halim Murni
Published: March 2023

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid widely distributed in nature and extensively explored for its numerous physiological functions and effects on metabolic disorders.
Low-cost composite film triboelectric nanogenerators for a self-powered touch sensor
Authors: Fan Jie-Cheng , Tang Xin-Gui , Sun Qi-Jun , Jiang Yan-Ping , Li Wen-Hua , Liu Qiu-Xiang
Published: March 2023

The signal of a self-powered touch sensor based on a TENG is processed to control LEDs.
Dopamine-intercalated vanadate hollow microtube arrays with S-doping for high-performance zinc-ion batteries: disorder/defect-induced clusters and a reversible phase transition
Authors: Liu Yang , Gong Yun
Published: March 2023

DA-VO (S) hollow microtube arrays exhibit excellent Zn2+ storage behavior, which is associated with the disorders/defects and vanadate clusters induced by S-doping.
Low-cost and LiTFSI-free diphenylamine-substituted hole transporting materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells and modules
Authors: Su Shengli , Lv Pin , Hu Min , Zhang Yuxi , Yin Huiyu , Zhu Yanqing , Pan Junye , Wang Yulong , Li Wangnan , Rong Yaoguang , Ku Zhiliang , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Lu Jianfeng
Published: March 2023

A novel hole transporting material (SC-2) has been designed and synthesized. The pre-oxidized TFSI−salt has been synthesized and used as a p-dopant to achieve 21.3% power conversion efficiency for LiTFSI-free perovskite solar cells.
Synergistic catalysis over Ni/ZrOx for hydrogen production from hydrolysis of ammonia borane
Authors: Li Yong , Zhou Shijie , Yang Xingyue , Xu Enze , Ren Zhen , Wang Lei , Yang Yusen
Published: March 2023

The Ni/ZrOx-500 catalyst with a suitable metal–support interaction exhibited efficient hydrogen generation for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane.
PyrroTriPol: a semi-rigid trityl-nitroxide for high field dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: Halbritter Thomas , Harrabi Rania , Paul Subhradip , van Tol Johan , Lee Daniel , Hediger Sabine , Sigurdsson Snorri Th. , Mentink-Vigier Frédéric , De Paëpe Gaël
Published: March 2023

A semi-rigid trityl-nitroxide polarizing agent is introduced for magic angle spinning (MAS) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which significantly broadened the scope of solid-state NMR to study biomolecular systems and materials.
An artificial metallolyase with pliable 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad for stereoselective Michael addition
Authors: Matsumoto Ryusei , Yoshioka Saho , Yuasa Miho , Morita Yoshitsugu , Kurisu Genji , Fujieda Nobutaka
Published: March 2023

We repurposed the metal-binding site of a cupin superfamily protein into the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad, which is the common motifs in natural non-heme enzymes, to construct artificial metalloenzymes that can catalyze new-to-nature reactions.
Designing a membrane electrode assembly for weakly humidity-dependent proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Qiao Kangwei , Liu Huibing , Ren Kui , Sun Panpan , Yang Liu , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng
Published: March 2023

Designing a differentiation of varieties of interfaces in MEA and regulation of the PEM/CL interface to achieve weak humidity dependence.
A critical review of the production of hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acids as a sustainable method for chemical utilisation and fixation of CO2
Authors: Mohammad Omar , Onwudili Jude A. , Yuan Qingchun
Published: March 2023

The challenge is hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acids (HACAs) such as salicylic acids, hydroxynapthoic acids and their halogenated derivatives uses only about 41450 tonnes per year of CO2 which is just ≈0.00012% of the annual anthropogenic emissions.
Decreased spin-resolved anti-bonding states filling to accelerate CHO conversion into CH2O in transitional metal-doped Mo2C monolayers during CO2 reduction
Authors: Guo Liu , Li Rui , Jiang Jiawei , Fan Xueping , Zou Ji-Jun , Mi Wenbo
Published: March 2023

The decreased ICOHP will enhance the interaction between CH2O and TM-Mo2C and decrease the Gibbs free energies of *CHO → *CH2O (ΔG*CHO→*CH2O), where ΔG*CHO→*CH2O of Co/Cu/Cr/Mn/Ni-Mo2C has a linear relationship with the ICOHP.
Imitating the microenvironment of native biofilms using nanofibrous scaffolds to emulate chronic wound infections
Authors: Wächter Jana , Vestweber Pia K , Jung Nathalie , Windbergs Maike
Published: March 2023

Nanofibrous matrices have been successfully implemented as scaffolds in a novel in vitro biofilm model that enables the combination of bacterial biofilms with human tissue models for chronic infection research.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of ochratoxin-A using fluorescent CQDs@DNA-based nanoarchitecture assembly to monitor food safety and quality
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Singh Gagandeep , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: March 2023

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin formed by various fungi, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium species, is dangerous to human health.
Facile preparation of optically active helical polycarbenes with salicylate substituents and their postpolymerization modification
Authors: Zou Hui , Tai Shan , Zhao Shu-Yang , Zhou Li , Liu Na , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: March 2023

Optically active helical polycarbenes with methyl salicylate substituents were obtained by a helix-sense-selective polymerization strategy and their postpolymerization modification was investigated.
Expanding the ‘aplysinospin cascade’ through DNA-templated [2+2] photocycloaddition
Authors: Oger Samuel , Duchemin Nicolas , Bendiab Yara Mayssa , Birlirakis Nicolas , Skiredj Adam , Rharrabti Somia , Jullian Jean-Christophe , Poupon Erwan , Smietana Michael , Arseniyadis Stellios , Evanno Laurent
Published: March 2023

We report here a general and scalable method for the synthesis of cyclobutane-containing natural products and analogues thereof via a DNA-templated [2+2] photo-induced homo- and heterodimerization of aplysinopsins.
Pyroelectric effects in CdS phase junctions for dual-enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Huang Guangxue , Wang Yuebing , Lu Chunhua , Huang Hengming , Kou Jiahui
Published: March 2023

Phase junction and pyroelectric effect: the two regulation strategies for charge carriers can be efficiently compatible in the same photocatalytic material system.
A 5.3 nm giant metal–organic cage and its supramolecular gel for the formation of dye molecular ionic pairs
Authors: Li Kaixiu , Huang Jian , Wang Shi-Cheng , Li Zhengguang , Wang Jun , Li Yiming , Chen Mingzhao , Chan Yi-Tsu , Liu Die , Wang Pingshan
Published: March 2023

A giant terpyridine-based metal–organic cage with multiple ion pairs and intrinsic cavities was synthesized and the corresponding metal–organic gel displayed good adsorption performance via electrostatic and other non-covalent interactions.
Dietary gluten worsens hepatic steatosis by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Aguilar Edenil Costa , Fernandes-Braga Weslley , Leocádio Paola Caroline Lacerda , Campos Gianne Paul , Lemos Virginia Soares , de Oliveira Rafael Pires , Caetano de Faria Ana Maria , dos Santos Aggum Capettini Luciano , Alvarez-Leite Jacqueline I.
Published: March 2023

Gluten exacerbated hepatic lipid deposition and damage, inducing increased expression of NF-κB and AP1, which culminated in increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Gluten increased: blood neutrophils, and NK cells and Treg cells in the spleen.
A hollow viologen-based porous organic polymer for the catalytic cycloaddition of CO2
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Shun , Meng Xianyu , Yuan Gang , Song Xiaowei , Liang Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

Viologen-based porous organic polymers with a hollow structure were synthesizedviaa Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. They showed excellent catalytic performance for the carbon-dioxide cycloaddition reaction.
Ultralow diffusion barrier induced by intercalation in layered N-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Yundan , Xu Wangping , Zhao Wei , Cao Juexian
Published: March 2023

Layered 2H-phase CrN2 with Cs intercalation possesses many advantages including an ultra-low diffusion barrier (0.04 eV), high voltage platform (3.9 V), and high energy density (903 W h kg−1), and is a promising candidate for SIB cathode materials.
Solar-driven bistable thermochromic textiles based on supercooling and space constraint anchoring electron transfer
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Wang Jingwen , Zhang Liping , Fu Shaohai
Published: March 2023

Bistable thermochromic smart textile was designed based on supercooling of phase change materials and space constraint effect, which exhibit quick switching, energy efficiency, and excellent bistability, similar to brain learning-memory activities.
Single transition metal atom centered clusters activating semiconductor surface lattice atoms for efficient solar fuel production
Authors: Zhang Kai , Sun Chen , Chen Tao , Niu Fujun , Huang Zhiyi , Gao Qi , Xu Cuiping , Zhang Xingjian , Pian Qixiang , Che Kunhong , Gao Lei , Liu Xianglei , Xuan Yimin
Published: March 2023

Atomically dispersed NiO6 clusters decorated on sulphide photocatalysts effectively activate the surface lattice atoms of sulphide semiconductors, resulting in a remarkable improvement in hydrogen production at a loading amount as low as 0.05 wt%.
Polythiophene-g-poly(methacrylic acid) and perylene diimide appended peptide conjugates with tuneable photoluminescence, OMEIC, and photo-switching properties
Authors: Hazra Soumyajit , Ghosh Radhakanta , Palui Arnab , Ghosh Aswini , Banerjee Arindam , Nandi Arun K.
Published: March 2023

Polythiophene-g-poly(methacrylic acid) conjugates with protonated perylene diimide appended dipeptide show both AIE and AIQ in fluorescence, enhancement of dc-conductivity, generate OMEIC property, and exhibit tuneable photo-switching behaviour.
O-Mucin-degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes and their possible implication in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Labourel Aurore , Parrou Jean-Luc , Deraison Céline , Mercier-Bonin Muriel , Lajus Sophie , Potocki-Veronese Gabrielle
Published: March 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are modern diseases, with incidence rising around the world. They are associated with perturbation of the intestinal microbiota, and with alteration and crossing of the mucus barrier by the commensal bacteria that feed on it. In the process of mucus catabolism and invasion by gut bacteria, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) play a critical role since mucus is mainly made up by O- and N-glycans. Moreover, the occurrence of IBD seems to be associated with low-fiber diets. Conversely, supplementation with oligosaccharides, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are structurally similar to intestinal mucins and could thus compete with them towards bacterial mucus-degrading CAZymes, has been suggested to prevent inflammation. In this mini-review, we will establish the current state of knowledge regarding the identification and characterization of mucus-degrading enzymes from both cultured and uncultured species of gut commensals and enteropathogens, with a particular focus on the present technological opportunities available to further the discovery of mucus-degrading CAZymes within the entire gut microbiome, by coupling microfluidics with metagenomics and culturomics. Finally, we will discuss the challenges to overcome to better assess how CAZymes targeting specific functional oligosaccharides could be involved in the modulation of the mucus-driven cross-talk between gut bacteria and their host in the context of IBD.
Carbohydrate esterases involved in deacetylation of food components by the human gut microbiota
Authors: La Rosa Sabina Leanti , Lindstad Lars J. , Westereng Bjørge
Published: March 2023

Non-carbohydrate modifications such as acetylations are widespread in food stuffs as well as they play important roles in diverse biological processes. These modifications meet the gut environment and are removed from their carbohydrate substrates by the resident microbiota. Among the most abundant modifications are O-acetylations, contributing to polysaccharides physico-chemical properties such as viscosity and gelling ability, as well as reducing accessibility for glycosyl hydrolases, and thus hindering polysaccharide degradation. Of particular note, O-acetylations increase the overall complexity of a polymer, thus requiring a more advanced degrading machinery for microbes to utilize it. This minireview describes acetylesterases from the gut microbiota that deacetylate various food polysaccharides, either as natural components of food, ingredients, stabilizers of microbial origin, or as part of microbes for food and beverage preparations. These enzymes include members belonging to at least 8 families in the CAZy database, as well as a large number of biochemically characterized esterases that have not been classified yet. Despite different structural folds, most of these acetylesterases have a common acid–base mechanism and belong to the SGNH hydrolase superfamily. We highlight examples of acetylesterases that are highly specific to one substrate and to the position of the acetyl group on the glycosyl residue of the carbohydrate, while other members that have more broad substrate specificity. Current research aimed at unveiling the functions and regioselectivity of acetylesterases will help providing fundamental mechanistic understanding on how dietary components are utilized in the human gut and will aid developing applications of these enzymes to manufacture novel industrial products.
Accounting for component condition and preventive retirement in power system reliability analyses
Authors: Toftaker Håkon , Foros Jørn , Sperstad Iver Bakken
Published: March 2023

Deteriorated power system components have a higher probability of failure than new components. Still, the reliability of supply analyses traditionally models all components of the same type with the same probability of failure, and thus neglects the effect of deteriorated components. This paper presents a methodology to integrate a condition‐dependent component probability of failure model into a power system reliability analysis. The component state is described by a semi‐Markov process, and the paper shows how this, under reasonable assumptions, can be approximated by a Markov process. The Markov assumption simplifies the analysis and allows the model to include preventive retirement and be calibrated to statistical data. A case study using statistical data for Norwegian power transformers shows that, in the Norwegian power system, the proportion of failures that are due to the poor condition is small, partly due to the common strategy of preventive retirement. However, if the condition of the transformers were worse, the impact of poor conditions can be considerable. The methodology further enables the identification of the transformers that contribute most to the risk to the reliability of supply. The paper thus highlights the importance of accounting for the component condition in strategic decisions such as long‐term renewal planning
Recent trends in nanocomposite packaging films utilising waste generated biopolymers: Industrial symbiosis and its implication in sustainability
Authors: Tabassum Zeba , Mohan Anand , Mamidi Narsimha , Khosla Ajit , Kumar Anil , Solanki Pratima R. , Malik Tabarak , Girdhar Madhuri
Published: March 2023

Uncontrolled waste generation and management difficulties are causing chaos in the ecosystem. Although it is vital to ease environmental pressures, right now there is no such practical strategy available for the treatment or utilisation of waste material. Because the Earth's resources are limited, a long‐term, sustainable, and sensible solution is necessary. Currently waste material has drawn a lot of attention as a renewable resource. Utilisation of residual biomass leftovers appears as a green and sustainable approach to lessen the waste burden on Earth while meeting the demand for bio‐based goods. Several biopolymers are available from renewable waste sources that have the potential to be used in a variety of industries for a wide range of applications. Natural and synthetic biopolymers have significant advantages over petroleum‐based polymers in terms of cost‐effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and user‐friendliness. Using waste as a raw material through industrial symbiosis should be taken into account as one of the strategies to achieve more economic and environmental value through inter‐firm collaboration on the path to a near‐zero waste society. This review extensively explores the different biopolymers which can be extracted from several waste material sources and that further have potential applications in food packaging industries to enhance the shelf life of perishables. This review‐based study also provides key insights into the different strategies and techniques that have been developed recently to extract biopolymers from different waste byproducts and their feasibility in practical applications for the food packaging business.
Visualised genotyping assay with oral swabs in a closed tube by nested invasive reaction assisted with gold nanoparticle probes
Authors: Li Yijun , Wei Wei , Ma Yi , Shan Jingwen , Chu Yanan , Zhang LiKun , Liu Danni , Ma Xueping , Zhou Guohua , Wu Haiping
Published: March 2023

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing is crucial for drug dosage and disease progression. Therefore, a simple and convenient genotyping assay is essential for personalised medicine. Herein, we developed a non‐invasive, closed‐tube, and visualised method for genotyping. In this method, oral swabs were lysed to directly perform PCR coupled with nested invasive reaction and visualisation based on gold nanoparticle probes in a closed tube. The strategy for genotyping assay depends on the single base recognition property of invasive reaction. This assay allowed quick and simple sample preparation and the detection of 25 copies/μL of CYP2C19*2 and 100 copies/μL of CYP2C19*3 within 90 min. Further, 20 oral swab samples for CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were correctly typed, which agreed with pyrosequencing, indicating that this method has great potential for SNP typing in source‐limited regions to guide personalised medicine.
AGN feedback in an infant galaxy cluster: LOFAR-Chandra view of the giant FRII radio galaxy J103025+052430 at z = 1.7
Authors: Brienza M. , Gilli R. , Prandoni I. , D’Amato Q. , Rajpurohit K. , Calura F. , Chiaberge M. , Comastri A. , Iwasawa K. , Lanzuisi G. , Liuzzo E. , Marchesi S. , Mignoli M. , Miley G. , Norman C. , Peca A. , Raciti M. , Shimwell T. , Tozzi P. , Vignali C. , Vitello F. , Vito F.
Published: March 2023

In the nearby universe, jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) are observed to have a dramatic impact on their surrounding extragalactic environment. The effect of jets at high redshift (z > 1.5) is instead much more poorly constrained. However, studying the jet impact at cosmic noon, the epoch in which both star formation and AGN activity peak, is crucial for fully understanding galaxy evolution. Here we present a study of the giant (∼750 kpc) radio galaxy 103025+052430 located at the centre of a protocluster at redshift z = 1.7, with a focus on its interaction with the external medium. We present new LOFAR observations at 144 MHz, which we combine with VLA 1.4 GHz data and 0.5–7 keV Chandra archival data. The new radio map at 144 MHz confirms that the source has a complex morphology, which can possibly fit the hybrid morphology radio galaxy classification. The large size of the source enabled us to perform a resolved radio spectral index analysis, a very unique opportunity for a source at this high redshift. This revealed a tentative unexpected flattening of the radio spectral index at the edge of the backflow in the western lobe, which might be indicating plasma compression. The spatial coincidence between this region and the thermal X-ray bubble C suggests a causal connection between the two. In contrast to previous estimates for the bright X-ray component A, we find that inverse Compton scattering between the radio-emitting plasma of the eastern lobe and cosmic microwave background photons can account for a large fraction (∼45%–80%) of its total 0.5–7 keV measured flux. Finally, the X-ray bubble C, which is consistent with a thermal origin, is found to be significantly overpressurised with respect to the ambient medium. This suggests that it will tend to expand and release its energy into the surroundings, contributing to the overall intracluster medium heating. Overall, 103025+052430 enables us to investigate the interaction between AGN jets and the surrounding medium in a system that is likely the predecessor of the rich galaxy clusters we all know well at z = 0.
Null controllability of strongly degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Benoit Antoine , Loyer Romain , Rosier Lionel
Published: March 2023

We consider linear one-dimensional strongly degenerate parabolic equations with measurable coefficients that may be degenerate or singular. Taking 0 as the point where the strong degeneracy occurs, we assume that the coefficienta=a(x) in the principal part of the parabolic equation is such that the functionx→x/a(x) is inLp(0,1) for somep> 1. After establishing some spectral estimates for the corresponding elliptic problem, we prove that the parabolic equation is null controllable in the energy space by using one boundary control.
Optimal Geometric Multigrid Preconditioners for HDG-P0 Schemes for the reaction-diffusion equation and the Generalized Stokes equations
Authors: Fu Guosheng , Kuang Wenzheng
Published: March 2023

We present the lowest-order hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin schemes with numerical integration (quadrature), denoted as HDG-P0 for the reaction-diffusion equation and the generalized Stokes equations on conforming simplicial meshes in two- and three-dimensions. Here by lowest order, we mean that the (hybrid) finite element space for the global HDG facet degrees of freedom (DOFs) is the space of piecewise constants on the mesh skeleton. A discontinuous piecewise linear space is used for the approximation of the local primal unknowns. We give the optimal a priori error analysis of the proposed HDG-P0 schemes, which hasn’t appeared in the literature yet for HDG discretizations as far as numerical integration is concerned. Moreover, we propose optimal geometric multigrid preconditioners for the statically condensed HDG-P0 linear systems on conforming simplicial meshes. In both cases, we first establish the equivalence of the statically condensed HDG system with a (slightly modified) nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart (CR) discretization, where the global (piecewise-constant) HDG finite element space on the mesh skeleton has a natural one-to-one correspondence to the nonconforming CR (piecewise-linear) finite element space that live on the whole mesh. This equivalence then allows us to use the well-established nonconforming geometry multigrid theory to precondition the condensed HDG system. Numerical results in two- and three-dimensions are presented to verify our theoretical findings.
Protection architecture of endogenous safety and security for industrial control systems
Authors: Xin Yaozhong
Published: March 2023

According to the essential characteristic of industrial control system (ICS), endogenous safety and security (ESS) can be achieved by merging cyber security (CS) into functional safety (FS). In this paper, the basic principles, functional requirements and protection architecture (TEMt) of ESS are proposed, and the successful experience of an electric power control system is introduced.
Analysis of the retention of women in higher education STEM programs
Authors: Ortiz-Martínez Gabriela , Vázquez-Villegas Patricia , Ruiz-Cantisani María Ileana , Delgado-Fabián Mónica , Conejo-Márquez Danna A. , Membrillo-Hernández Jorge
Published: March 2023

Gender equity and quality education are Sustainable Development Goals that are present when a culture of equity and inclusion is pursued in society, companies, and institutions. Particularly in undergraduate programs in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), there is a noticeable gender gap between men and women. The objective of this study was to find out the causes of permanence in STEM careers of women, as well as the possible causes of career abandonment towards another STEM or non-STEM career. This was done by analyzing historical data for admission to STEM careers and using an instrument (survey) for data collection carried out in a private university in Mexico. Historical data indicates that only 17% of the total population were women choosing a STEM career. A survey was carried out for 3 months to obtain information on the factors that affect the decision to opt for a STEM career or to remain in it. It was found that men and women prefer inspiring Faculty who motivate them to continue their careers. Factors such as the competitive environment and the difficulty of teaching with less empathetic Faculty were negative and decisive aspects of decision-making. School achievement did not influence the dropout rate of women in STEM careers. The factors of choice and desertion of women in STEM careers were determined, and actions of educational innovation such as mentoring and timely monitoring of already enrolled female students, digital platforms for students and Faculty, awareness workshops for Faculty, and talks with successful women in STEM areas were proposed.
Realizations of vascularized tissues: From in vitro platforms to in vivo grafts
Authors: Ren Bing , Jiang Zhihua , Murfee Walter Lee , Katz Adam J. , Siemann Dietmar , Huang Yong
Published: March 2023

Vascularization is essential for realizing thick and functional tissue constructs that can be utilized for in vitro study platforms and in vivo grafts. The vasculature enables the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes and is also indispensable to organ functional units such as the nephron filtration unit, the blood–air barrier, and the blood–brain barrier. This review aims to discuss the latest progress of organ-like vascularized constructs with specific functionalities and realizations even though they are not yet ready to be used as organ substitutes. First, the human vascular system is briefly introduced and related design considerations for engineering vascularized tissues are discussed. Second, up-to-date creation technologies for vascularized tissues are summarized and classified into the engineering and cellular self-assembly approaches. Third, recent applications ranging from in vitro tissue models, including generic vessel models, tumor models, and different human organ models such as heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and brain, to prevascularized in vivo grafts for implantation and anastomosis are discussed in detail. The specific design considerations for the aforementioned applications are summarized and future perspectives regarding future clinical applications and commercialization are provided.
Large eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flow over complex terrain in comparison with RANS simulation and on-site measurements under neutral stability condition
Authors: Han Yi , Stoellinger Michael Karl , Peng Huaiwu , Zhang Lihui , Liu Wei
Published: March 2023

Large eddy simulation (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow over complex terrain is presented with a validation using meteorological tower (met-tower) data through an improved neutral stability sampling approach. The proposed stability sampling procedure includes a condition based on the most-likely occurrence time-periods of the neutral ABL and reduces the variabilities of the conditional wind statistics calculated at the met-towers in comparison to our previous work. The ABL flow simulations are carried out over a potential wind site with a prominent hill based using the OpenFOAM-based simulator for on/off-shore wind farm applications by applying the Lagrangian-averaged scale-invariant dynamic sub-grid scale turbulence model. A low-dissipative scale-selective discretization scheme for the non-linear convection term in the LES governing equation is adopted implicitly to ensure both the second-order accuracy and bounded solution. The LES inflow is generated through a precursor method with a “tiling” approach based on the flow driving parameters obtained from a corresponding Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation. Overall, the averaged wind velocity profiles predicted by the LES approach at all met-tower locations show a similar tendency as the RANS results, which are also in reasonable agreement with the met-tower data. An obvious difference in wind speed standard deviation profiles is seen between LES and RANS, especially at regions downstream of the hill edge, where the LES shows under-predicted results at the highest measurement levels in comparison to the tower data. The computational costs of the LES are found to be about 20 times higher than the RANS simulations.
Methodologies, technologies, and strategies for acoustic streaming-based acoustofluidics
Authors: Stringer Mercedes , Zeng Ziming , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chai Yanyan , Li Wen , Zhang Jikai , Ong Huiling , Liang Dongfang , Dong Jing , Li Yiming , Fu Yongqing , Yang Xin
Published: March 2023

Acoustofluidics offers contact-free manipulation of particles and fluids, enabling their uses in various life sciences, such as for biological and medical applications. Recently, there have been extensive studies on acoustic streaming-based acoustofluidics, which are formed inside a liquid agitated by leaky surface acoustic waves (SAWs) through applying radio frequency signals to interdigital transducers (IDTs) on a piezoelectric substrate. This paper aims to describe acoustic streaming-based acoustofluidics and provide readers with an unbiased perspective to determine which IDT structural designs and techniques are most suitable for their research. This review, first, qualitatively and quantitatively introduces underlying physics of acoustic streaming. Then, it comprehensively discusses the fundamental designs of IDT technology for generating various types of acoustic streaming phenomena. Acoustic streaming-related methodologies and the corresponding biomedical applications are highlighted and discussed, according to either standing surface acoustic waves or traveling surface acoustic waves generated, and also sessile droplets or continuous fluids used. Traveling SAW-based acoustofluidics generate various physical phenomena including mixing, concentration, rotation, pumping, jetting, nebulization/atomization, and droplet generation, as well as mixing and concentration of liquid in a channel/chamber. Standing SAWs induce streaming for digital and continuous acoustofluidics, which can be used for mixing, sorting, and trapping in a channel/chamber. Key challenges, future developments, and directions for acoustic streaming-based acoustofluidics are finally discussed.
Electromagnetoelastic transport through a piezoelectric slab: Selective parity interplay of electromagnetic and acoustic resonances
Authors: Konovalenko A. , Makarov N. M. , Pérez-Rodríguez F.
Published: March 2023

We present the complete solution concerning to transport properties of coupled transverse electromagnetic and shear acoustic waves propagating via a piezoelectric slab embedded into a homogeneous dielectric medium. Since the electroacoustics of our setup is governed by four electromagnetoelastic eigenmodes, we had to succeed in developing a 4 × 4 transfer matrix method to analytically resolve the problem. As a result, the exact frequency spectra of the transmission, reflection, and transformation transport coefficients were obtained and analyzed in detail for two basic cases where the piezoelectric slab subjected by electromagnetic/acoustic perturbation generates acoustic/electromagnetic response. We establish that wave transformation is effectively realized in vicinities of electromagnetic and acoustic Fabry–Pérot resonances. Surprisingly, as a consequence of the problem geometry and accepted 4 mm symmetry of the piezoelectric medium, the phenomenon of the resonant parity selection arises: in the vicinity of an electromagnetic Fabry–Pérot resonance of the given (odd/even) parity, only acoustic Fabry–Pérot resonances with opposite (even/odd) parity are excited in the coefficient of generation. The piezoelectric coupling vanishes when the parities of both resonances coincide. The changes in transmission and reflection spectra turn out to be more sophisticated. The phenomenon is observed due to quite great distinction between electromagnetic and acoustic wave numbers provided by the fundamental difference between light and sound velocities. In our analysis, particular attention is also paid to the ability of increasing the mutual transformation of electromagnetic and acoustic fluxes.
Edible fungi crops through mycoforestry, potential for carbon negative food production and mitigation of food and forestry conflicts
Authors: Thomas Paul W. , Jump Alistair S.
Published: March 2023

Demand for agricultural land is a potent accelerating driver of global deforestation, presenting multiple interacting issues at different spatiotemporal scales. Here we show that inoculating the root system of tree planting stock with edible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can reduce the food-forestry land-use conflict, enabling appropriately managed forestry plantations to contribute to protein and calorie production and potentially increasing carbon sequestration. Although, when compared to other food groups, we show that EMF cultivation is inefficient in terms of land use with a needed area of ~668 m
2
y kg
−1
protein, the additional benefits are vast. Depending on the habitat type and tree age, greenhouse gas emissions may range from −858 to 526 kg CO
2
-eq kg
−1
protein and the sequestration potential stands in stark contrast to nine other major food groups. Further, we calculate the missed food production opportunity of not incorporating EMF cultivation into current forestry activities, an approach that could enhance food security for millions of people. Given the additional biodiversity, conservational and rural socioeconomic potential, we call for action and development to realize the sustainable benefits of EMF cultivation.
Septin-mediated RhoA activation engages the exocyst complex to recruit the cilium transition zone
Authors: Safavian Darya , Kim Moshe S. , Xie Hong , El-Zeiry Maha , Palander Oliva , Dai Lu , Collins Richard F. , Froese Carol , Shannon Rachel , Nagata Koh-ichi , Trimble William S.
Published: March 2023

Septins are filamentous GTPases that play important but poorly characterized roles in ciliogenesis. Here, we show that SEPTIN9 regulates RhoA signaling at the base of cilia by binding and activating the RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, ARHGEF18. GTP-RhoA is known to activate the membrane targeting exocyst complex, and suppression of SEPTIN9 causes disruption of ciliogenesis and mislocalization of an exocyst subunit, SEC8. Using basal body-targeted proteins, we show that upregulating RhoA signaling at the cilium can rescue ciliary defects and mislocalization of SEC8 caused by global SEPTIN9 depletion. Moreover, we demonstrate that the transition zone components, RPGRIP1L and TCTN2, fail to accumulate at the transition zone in cells lacking SEPTIN9 or depleted of the exocyst complex. Thus, SEPTIN9 regulates the recruitment of transition zone proteins on Golgi-derived vesicles by activating the exocyst via RhoA to allow the formation of primary cilia.
Large low background kTon-scale liquid argon time projection chambers
Authors: Bezerra T , Borkum A , Church E , Djurcic Z , Genovesi J , Haiston J , Jackson C M , Lazanu I , Monreal B , Munson S , Ortiz C , Parvu M , Peeters S J M , Pershey D , Poudel S S , Reichenbacher J , Saldanha R , Scholberg K , Sinev G , Westerdale S , Zennamo J
Published: March 2023

We find that it is possible to increase sensitivity to low energy physics in a third or fourth Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)-like module with careful controls over radiopurity and targeted modifications to a detector similar to the DUNE Far Detector design. In particular, sensitivity to supernova and solar neutrinos can be enhanced with improved MeV-scale reach. A neutrinoless double beta decay search with 136Xe loading appears feasible. Furthermore, sensitivity to Weakly-Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) Dark Matter becomes competitive with the planned world program in such a detector, offering a unique seasonal variation detection that is characteristic of the nature of WIMPs.
A robust index-guided GSR approach to improve the efficiency of bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Ruoqi , Chen Kehan , Wang Huiqi
Published: March 2023

Stochastic resonance has been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis due to the enhancement principle of energy conversion from noise to weak signals. However, the diagnosis efficiency and robustness is still challenging. Under the mechanism of generalized stochastic resonance (GSR), in this paper we propose a scale-transformed linear oscillator (SLO) and obtain the analytical expression of fault feature amplification (FFA) to replace the numerical implementation of output signal-to-noise ratio in the multi-parameter optimization. This brings a substantial benefit to the reduction of time complexity in fast fault diagnosis, which is verified in both theory and simulations. In the experimental diagnosis for some typical cases, the results show that the proposed method is valid and exhibits superiority in diagnostic performance, efficiency and robustness, demonstrating that the FFA-guided GSR-SLO method has great potential in engineering applications, especially for real-time fault diagnosis in complex operating environments.
In Search for Infall Gas in Molecular Clouds: A Catalogue of CO Blue-Profiles
Authors: Jiang Zhibo , Zhang Shaobo , Chen Zhiwei , Yang Yang , Yu Shuling , Feng Haoran , Yang Ji
Published: March 2023

We have started a systematic survey of molecular clumps with infall motions to study the very early phase of star formation. Our first step is to utilize the data products by MWISP to make an unbiased survey for blue asymmetric line profiles of CO isotopical molecules. Within a total area of ∼2400 square degrees nearby the Galactic plane, we have found 3533 candidates showing blue-profiles, in which 3329 are selected from the 12CO&13CO pair and 204 are from the 13CO&C18O pair. Exploration of the parametric spaces suggests our samples are in the cold phase with relatively high column densities ready for star formation. Analysis of the spatial distribution of our samples suggests that they exist virtually in all major components of the galaxy. The vertical distribution suggest that the sources are located mainly in the thick disk of ∼85 pc, but still a small part are located far beyond Galactic midplane. Our follow-up observation indicates that these candidates are a good sample to start a search for infall motions, and to study the condition of very early phase of star formation.
An analytical envelope model for space charge in cyclotrons
Authors: Kleeven Wiel
Published: March 2023

The statistical σ-matrix approach is used to derive
general envelope equations for ellipsoidal bunches with space charge
in isochronous and non-isochronous fixed-field accelerators (FFAs)
These accelerators couple the radial and longitudinal phase spaces
due to momentum dispersion induced by the space charge effect. This
generates a rotation of the bunch around the local vertical axis
which is known in the field as the vortex effect. A special
invariant of the vortex is found which represents its total angular
momentum with respect to its center. For the isochronous cyclotron,
a special solution of the envelope equations is found which
describes a circular bunch with equal radial and longitudinal RMS
sizes. The existence of this solution is a direct consequence of
the circular symmetry of the single particle Hamiltonian in a
co-moving coordinate frame. The stationary solution of the circular
bunch fixes the relation between bunch sizes and accelerated current
(or the total charge per bunch) for given emittances. The general
envelope equations may easily be implemented in existing numerical
envelope codes.
Intensity limit in compact H- and H+
2 cyclotrons
Authors: Planche Thomas , Baartman Richard A. , Koay Hui Wen , Rao Yi-Nong , Zhang Lige
Published: March 2023

Compact H- cyclotrons are used all across the globe to
produce medical isotopes. Machines with external ion sources have
demonstrated average extracted currents on the order of a few mA,
although reported operational numbers are typically around 1 mA or
below. To explore the possibility of extracting even more current
from such cyclotrons, it is important to understand the mechanisms
that drive intensity limits and how they scale. In this paper we
review some of the key aspects of the beam dynamics in the central
region of compact cyclotrons, including rf electric focusing and
space charge effects. We derive the scaling of the phase acceptance
with the rf gap voltage, harmonic number, etc. We also explore the
scaling with different types of ions such as H-, H+
2 and
H+
3. We discuss the impact of mechanical erosion of the central
region electrodes. Thoughout the paper, we use examples and
experimental data from two compact H- cyclotrons for reference:
the TR-30 series and the TRIUMF 500 MeV machine.
On the energy limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons
Authors: Kleeven Wiel
Published: March 2023

Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in
isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for
relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models
lies in the fact that cross-terms between derivatives of the average
magnetic field and the azimuthally varying components cannot be
neglected at higher energies. Taking such cross-terms rigorously
into account results in an even larger number of terms that need to
be included in the equations. In this paper, a method is developed
which is relativistically correct and which provides results that
are practical and easy to use. We derive new formulas, graphs and
tables for the radial and vertical tunes in terms of the flutter,
its radial derivatives, the spiral angle and the relativistic
gamma. Using this method, we study the 2νr
= N structural
resonance (N is number of sectors) and provide formulas and graphs
for its stopband. Combining those equations with the new equation
for the vertical tune, we find the stability zone and the energy
limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons for any value of N. We
confront the new analytical method with closed orbit simulations of
the IBA C400 cyclotron for hadron therapy.
Computational models for high-power cyclotrons and FFAs
Authors: Adelmann Andreas , Rogers Chris T.
Published: March 2023

A summary of numerical modeling capabilities regarding high
power cyclotrons and fixed field alternating gradient machines is
presented. This paper focuses on techniques made available by the
OPAL simulation code.
Stoichiometry on the edge—humans induce strong imbalances of reactive C:N:P ratios in streams
Authors: Wachholz Alexander , Dehaspe Joni , Ebeling Pia , Kumar Rohini , Musolff Andreas , Saavedra Felipe , Winter Carolin , Yang Soohyun , Graeber Daniel
Published: March 2023

Anthropogenic nutrient inputs led to severe degradation of surface water resources, affecting aquatic ecosystem health and functioning. Ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and ecosystem metabolism are not only affected by the over-abundance of a single macronutrient but also by the stoichiometry of the reactive molecular forms of dissolved organic carbon (rOC), nitrogen (rN), and phosphorus (rP). So far, studies mainly considered only single macronutrients or used stoichiometric ratios such as N:P or C:N independent from each other. We argue that a mutual assessment of reactive nutrient ratios rOC:rN:rP relative to organismic demands enables us to refine the definition of nutrient depletion versus excess and to understand their linkages to catchment-internal biogeochemical and hydrological processes. Here we show that the majority (94%) of the studied 574 German catchments show a depletion or co-depletion in rOC and rP, illustrating the ubiquity of excess N in anthropogenically influenced landscapes. We found an emerging spatial pattern of depletion classes linked to the interplay of agricultural sources and subsurface denitrification for rN and topographic controls of rOC. We classified catchments into stoichio-static and stochio-dynamic catchments based on their degree of intra-annual variability of rOC:rN:rP ratios. Stoichio-static catchments (36% of all catchments) tend to have higher rN median concentrations, lower temporal rN variability and generally low rOC medians. Our results demonstrate the severe extent of imbalances in rOC:rN:rP ratios in German rivers due to human activities. This likely affects the inland-water nutrient retention efficiency, their level of eutrophication, and their role in the global carbon cycle. Thus, it calls for a more holistic catchment and aquatic ecosystem management integrating rOC:rN:rP stoichiometry as a fundamental principle.
Percolation of fully penetrable disks using the three-leg cluster method
Authors: Koza Zbigniew , Brzeski Piotr , Kondrat Grzegorz
Published: March 2023

The three-leg cluster method is a relatively new approach to computing the percolation thresholds. To date, it has only been applied to lattice models. It is characterized by high versatility in choosing the shape of the system and by the universal probability

1

/

2

that, at the phase transition, a three-leg cluster exists that spans three segments of the system border. We applied it to the problem of continuous percolation of discs, for which we estimated the critical filling factor to be

1.128
 
086
 
7
(
5
)

. This confirms that the three-leg cluster method is applicable to continuous percolation models.