bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
d-Path Laplacians and Quantum Transport on Graphs
Authors: Estrada Ernesto
Published: April 2020

We generalize the Schrödinger equation on graphs to include long-range interactions (LRI) by means of the Mellin-transformed d-path Laplacian operators. We find analytical expressions for the transition and return probabilities of a quantum particle at the nodes of a ring graph. We show that the average return probability in ring graphs decays as a power law with time when LRI is present. In contrast, we prove analytically that the transition and return probabilities on a complete and start graphs oscillate around a constant value. This allowed us to infer that in a barbell graph—a graph consisting of two cliques separated by a path—the quantum particle get trapped and oscillates across the nodes of the path without visiting the nodes of the cliques. We then compare the use of the Mellin-transformed d-path Laplacian operators versus the use of fractional powers of the combinatorial Laplacian to account for LRI. Apart from some important differences observed at the limit of the strongest LRI, the d-path Laplacian operators produces the emergence of new phenomena related to the location of the wave packet in graphs with barriers, which are not observed neither for the Schrödinger equation without LRI nor for the one using fractional powers of the Laplacian.
Drogas e Sistema Nervoso Periférico II
Authors: Reis Roger Gomes , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle
Published: April 2020

Um grande número de drogas tem implicado dano muscular ou disfunção da transmissão neuromuscular. Apresenta-se uma revisão dos aspectos clínicos e dos variados mecanismos patofisiológicos, que envolvem tanto efeitos diretos quanto indiretos. Os autores discutem ainda três condições clínicas farmacogenéticas que dependem basicamente de drogas desencadeantes para se manifestarem: as porfirias, a síndrome neuroléptica maligna e a hipertermia maligna.
A mão como símbolo político nas artes gráficas e visuais
Authors: Silva Rubens Rangel
Published: April 2020

Este artigo traça um percurso dos gestos relacionados a imposição da mão e de suas representações pictóricas na história dos discursos religiosos e políticos. Traz um amplo estudo de casos, focando sobretudo na iconografia de conflitos sociais e políticos, que mostram a imagem da mão como um dos símbolos mais utilizados na arte gráfica de protesto. Este trabalho propõe, portanto, um estudo iconográfico da mão como símbolo político e poético. A partir das marcas de mãos nas cavernas, traçaremos um estudo sobre a imagem da mão em sua relação com a transformação do olhar. Recorre ainda a um recorte de uma ampla pesquisa sobre arte gráfica de protesto, com foco em cartazes de conflitos políticos e sociais.
3‑M Model for Uncovering the Impact of Multi‑level Identity
Issues on Learners’ Social Interactive Engagement Online
Authors: Charbonneau-Gowdy Paula , Chavez Jessica
Published: April 2020

Abstract: A growing trend in higher education institutions
(HE) to move course offerings to Blended Learning (BL) modes is
challenging many of our traditional views and practices of teaching
and learning. Part of the problem is that many of those working
within these institutions at the macro, meso and micro levels have
stubbornly resisted abandoning the view that knowledge is imparted
by the institution and that knowledge is consumed by students.
Advances in technology have upturned this positionality as learners
and institutions alike realize that roles are evolving in the
process of education. Tracking the scholarship on BL, for example,
reveals a major issue preventing successful learning outcomes is
reticence on the part of learners to be socially interactive and
engaged online. Through the lens of socialcultural and identity
theories and a conceptualization of engagement being composed of
behavioural, emotional and cognitive components, this paper aims to
respond to a call for greater insight into this pressing issue. With
findings from a recent qualitative longitudinal study of a BL
program in a large private‑for‑profit university in Chile we unravel
the complex social psychological aspects that contribute to
learners’ willingness, or unwillingness, to engage in interacting
with others and with content online – an essential determinant of
successful learning and quality BL programs. A critical discussion
of the findings from multiple qualitative data sources reveals that
the general lack of undergraduate students’ incentive to develop
agency and adopt empowered learner identities characteristic of
active participators online, is strongly influenced by the assumed
or imposed identities of teachers, academic leaders and
institutional decision makers that create a climate that fails to
nurture community building in these contexts. Abundant evidence
suggests a model for BL in HE that could lead to decisive, strategic
and coordinated action at each level and measurable improvement in
student online learning engagement and outcomes.
Cintakasih Pastoral sebagai Jiwa Spiritualitas Imam Menurut Pastores Dabo Vobis
Authors: Korain Yulianus
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini berfokus pada cintakasih pastoral sebagai jiwa spiritualitas imam. Refleksi saya terfokus pada cintakasih yang diungkapkan oleh Yesus dalam karya pelayanan-Nya yang dapat menjiwai spiritualitas imam. Spiritualitas sesungguhnya berarti hidup bersama Allah, roh manusia mendengarkan Roh Allah. Selanjutnya saya menganalisis spiritualitas imam tersebut berdasarkan dimensi-dimensi yang dirintis oleh Bartholomew Winters yaitu dimensi Kristologis, Eklesiologis dan Pastoral. Dari hasil analisis tersebut ditemukan bahwa spiritualitas imam sesungguhnya bersumber pada cintakasih Kristus sendiri. Cintakasih tersebut dibatinkan oleh para imam dalam menunikan pelayanannya. Semua persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapi para imam dalam pelayanan menjadi mudah dan menyegarkan apabila dikembalikan kepada sumber utama Yesus Kristus pusat pelayanan. Unsur-unsur yang memuat mengenai spiritualitas cintakasih Kristus yang digagas dalam artikel ini dapat dirangkum dalam dokumen Pastores Dabo Vobis. Dokumen tersebut amat kaya akan nilai-nilai spiritualitas yang menjadi pedoman hidup para imam. Akhirnya diskusi ini akan dikontekstualisasikan dalam persoalan-perosalan hidup dan pelayanan para imam dalam karya pastoral konkrit.
Carbon Steel Corrosion In The Atmosphere, Cooling Water Systems, And Hot Water
Authors: Subiyanto Gatot , Ngatin Agustinus
Published: April 2020

Korosi merupakan proses kerusakan material akibat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan yang korosif. Untuk mempelajari proses korosi di industri, maka dilakukan pengujian korosi di atmosfer, simulasi dalam skala lab untuk sistem air pendingin dan sistem air panas. Pengujian korosi dilakukan pada material baja lunak dengan metode Coupon dan laju korosi dihitung berdasarkan metode kehilangan berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan laju korosi di lingkungan atmosfer, air pendingin, dan air panas berdasarkan pengaruh waktu. Hasil pengujian korosi di atmosfer menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan sekitar laboratorium kimia (gedung A) masih sangat baik dengan laju korosi 0,39mpy, sistem air pendingin mencapai 3,52 mpy dan di sistem air panas mencapai 137,12 mpy. Produk korosi dari ke tiga sistem berupa lapisan berwarna coklat dari Fe2O3.xH2O atau FeO(OH) menempel di permukaan logam. Dari ketiga lingkungan yang menunjukkan laju korosi terbesar adalah di sistem air panas.Pengendalian dengan coating dan proteksi katodik anoda korban dapat menurunkan potensial baja sampai dibawah kriteria proteksi (<-850mV/CSE), untuk coating mencapai – 896 mV/CSE, proteksi katodik anoda korban Mg dapat mencapai – 1696 mV/CSE, sedangkan potensial baja telanjang -762 mv/CSE
Pengaruh Gelling Agent terhadap Pembentukan Oleogel Berbasis Canola Oil
Authors: Trirahayu Dhyna Analyes , Santoso Budi
Published: April 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan hayati tinggi. Salah satu hasil kehutanan yang melimpah di Indonesia adalah pulp. Selain sebagai kertas, pulp juga dapat diolah menjadi produk turunan lain yang memiliki nilai jual lebih tinggi, salah satunya selulosa. Kandungan selulosa dalam pulp cukup tinggi dapat mencapai lebih dari 90%. Dari selulosa ini banyak produk turunan yang dapat dihasilkan dengan nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dan sangat bermanfaat. Turunan selulosa dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai gelling agent salah satunya untuk membentuk oleogel. Oleogel adalah gel di mana fasa cairnya adalah minyak, berbeda dengan hidrogel, yang memiliki fasa cair air. Potensi aplikasi dari oleogel sangat beragam di industri makanan, farmasi, kosmetik, dan petrokimia. Salah satu produk turunan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai gelling agent adalah hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan observasi terhadap pembentukan oleogel berbasis minyak canola dengan menggunakan HPMC dan Xanthan Gum (XG) sebagai gelling agents. Pembentukan oleogel dilakukan menggunakan kombinasi HPMC dan XG dengan komposisi yang divariasikan menggunakan metode pengadukan. Oleogel terbaik diperoleh menggunakan kombinasi gelling agent HPMC : XG = 1 : 1 sebanyak 2 gr (2%  b/b).
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION SUPPORT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1990-2016
Authors: &Al-Hiyali Noori
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the production of wheat crop in Iraq for the period 1990-2016. The ARDL model was used to interpret the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables in the search. The research concluded that the continuous increases in the population would lead to increases in support to the wheat crop due to the increase in consumer demand for this crop, which prompts the state to try to encourage producers to achieve increases in production. The research also found that increases in inflation led to higher levels of support because rising inflation rates unfairly distribute income among individuals, therefore the government is moving to increase the volume of support to address this. The research recommended the need to determine the purchase prices in a way that guarantees a fair price for farmers to cover their costs and ensure a sufficient profit to stimulate production. All this will work positively to reduce imports and achieve self-sufficiency.
MICRO-MORPHOLOGY STUDY OF POLLEN GRAINS AND CYPSELA OF SEVEN SELECTED SPECIES, BELONG TO ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN AL-JADRIYA CAMPUS
Authors: & Aliwy Sadeq
Published: April 2020

Seven plants species that belong to Asteraceae (Compositae) family have been investigated micro-morphology with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Plants were collected from University of Baghdad campus during January to May in 2017-2018 and the species are: Calendula persica C. M. May, Carduus pycnocephalus L., Erigeron canadensis L., Lactuca serriola L., Silybum marianum  (L.) Garth, Sonchus oleraceus L., Urospermum picroides (L.) Schmidt. The aim of this study was to describing the external morphology of seeds as well as a detailed study of pollen grains morphology. Special emphasis is given to the size, shape, polar and equatorial length, spines length, length and width of ora and colpi, tectum sclupturing, and the ornamentations on pollen surface, Sonchus oleraceus and Lactuca serriola pollen grains have a special exin sculpture, which is lophate and the other species used in this study is non-lophate, and all the pollen grains of the species used in this study are tri-zono- colporate, Calendula persica is only species that it is exin sculpture is echinate with spines length (3.8-4.3 um), and the exin sculpture of the other species is spinulose. Also special importance is given to the size, shape, pappus, beak length, primary and secondary sculpturing, carpopodium, as well as the surface of the seed (Cypsela), Seeds (cypsela) of the species used in this study were significantly different in morphology, The shapes of the 7 species were differed in each species and it showed 7 different shapes: narrowly-oblong, oblong, long-oblong, board-oblong, widely curved-oblong, narrowly-ellipitic, and narrowly-obovated.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM MINCED MEAT AND STUDIES THE PYOCYANIN EFFECTIVENESS ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Qasim D. A.
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to collected Minced meat from the local markets in Baghdad governorate during 2018, and examined for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in order to extract and purify pyocyanin and examined it as an antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in foods. Fifteen isolates were isolated from 50 samples and identified as P. aeruginosa using the API20E system and finally confirmed with PCR using 16SrRNA gene. Four tested media were used for the production of pigment after incubation within 72 h, One strain which given a vigorous pigmentation was chosen and extracted with chloroform and HCl then analyzed with Gas chromatography (GC-Mass) which showed a sharp peak at the time of acquisition of 27.13 minutes at the chromatographic analysis recognized with mass spectrometry as Hemipyocanin (alpha-hydroxy phenazine) which produced molecular ion with intensive peak at 205 m/z. Agar well diffusion technique was applied for estimating the antimicrobial activity of purified (pyocyanin) with variable concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) which monitored toward  Gram-negative and  Gram-positive bacteria that isolated of minced meat. Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was the most affected with pyocyanin were followed by Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella sp. at the same level. While Enterobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris showed intermediate sensitivity, the Pseudomonas fluorescens was shown low sensitivity to pyocyanin.
USING HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM IN THE TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSES
Authors: & Faisal Rahi
Published: April 2020

Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purpose can reduce high pressure on freshwater resources. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) system filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites Australia was used to treat the real wastewater at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant. Some characteristics of wastewater such as biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate and total suspended solids have been monitored from 15 January until 8 July 2018. The results proved that HSSF unit has a good efficacy in the reduction of previous parameters with removal of 84.2, 55.4 and 72.7% while sulphate and total dissolved solids were less removal efficiency with 3.3 and  0.99 % respectively. The measured values of these parameters were within the permissible limits suitable for irrigation purposes.
ROLE OF TENURE IN THE FESIBILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION PROJECTS IN DHI- QAR GOVERNORNORATE
Authors: & Izz al-Din Barbaz
Published: April 2020

Projects of various sizes and types are the most important factors for the success of economic development plans in general. Agricultural projects and agricultural cooperatives are also considered as the basis for agricultural development in the economies of many countries. One of the most important targets of development is to fight poverty and famine, and achieving that depends on how to deal with agricultural lands with good management and scientific methods. The aim of this research is to identify the economic feasibility of one of the agricultural activities in the province of Dhi Qar. The study included 132 farms specialized in the cultivation of wheat crop in the province of Dhi Qar for the agricultural season 2017-2018. The results of the research showed that the projects in the province have economic and technical efficiency and proved the results of the economic feasibility criteria of investment in such projects. The researchers found that the size of the possession 30-50 dunums has both productive and technical efficiency, while the farmers with holdings of more than 50 dunums has the best economic efficiency in the use of available resources, despite the low productivity if the return on investment about 188% in small farms, while the profitability of about 119% dinars, while the capital productivity amounted to about 2.081 dinars, and therefore the researchers recommended the need to encourage investment in the large plants given their ability to absorb technology, reduce average production costs and intensify other resources.
Successful treatment of infective endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a patient after previous open-heart surgery (clinical case)
Authors: Shamsiev Gufron A. , Khammud F.A. , Zakirov F.I. , Popov Dmitriy A. , Lazarev R.A. , Abdulloev O.K.
Published: April 2020

Listeriosis has a variety of clinical manifestations from febrile gastroenteritis to bacteremia, sepsis, meningoencephalitis and infective endocarditis with valvular heart disease. In this report, we present a rare case of successful treatment of infective endocarditis of the mitral valve due to Listeria monocytogenes after previous open-heart surgery.
VERTICAL FISCAL IMBALANCES IN INDIA:
CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT
Authors: Agrawal Aditi
Published: April 2020

India is a federation whose roots can be found in the colonial period. Indian federal setup is clearly divided between centre,
state and local government and likewise, the sources of revenue and responsibilities are also divided between them. The
decentralization process in India is asymmetrical in the sense that decentralization of expenditure has been much more
than the revenue decentralization as provided by the Constitution, thereby creating an imbalance in states’ income and
spending. When this mismatch between the two is measured at different levels of government, we call it Vertical Fiscal
Imbalance. In this paper, I have presented various definitions and measures of VFI given by several economists over the
years and tried to measure the extent of VFI that exist in India since 1990-91 to 2014-15. We have used twenty five years data
to make an analysis based on the data available in Finance Commission reports and Indian Public Finance Statistics. Our
results show that the amount of revenue that has been decentralized over the period of study falls much short of the
expenditure requirements that are expected to be met by the state governments. The situation is so intense that the state
governments are left with no option other than relying on central transfers for financing their needs and that where the
central government enjoys an upper hand and an authoritative power over the internal matters of the states.
KEYWORDS: Expenditure, Decentralization, Indian federation, Revenue, Vertical Fiscal Imbalance.
Effectiveness of The Active Cycle Breathing Technique on The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in Asthma Patient
Authors: Utama Julvainda Eka Priya
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is a person maximum expiratory airflow measurement. The active cycle breathing technique is a breathing exercise focus on release the abnormal lung secretion by increase the expiration power. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the active cycle breathing technique on the PEFR in asthma patient.

Methods: Design of this study was quasi-experimental with single pre-post test group. Study was conducted in the Kedungkandang Primary Health Care, Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. In total 25 asthma patients recruited into a single group. The participant asked to practice the breathing exercise for three times a week and being evaluated after one month. The PEFR was measured by Peak Flow Meter.

Results: The Wilcoxon test showed p grade < 0.05, which means there is a significant effect of the active cycle breathing technique on the PEFR grade. The increase of PEFR grade in asthma patients start to appear at the week third to the end of week fourth. Continuous treatment may increase the PEFR grade, however it was influenced by several factors such as age (years) and educational background.

Conclusion: The active cycle breathing technique increase PEFR in asthma patients. The PEFR expected to be evaluated simultaneously, to assess the stages of improvement for asthma patient.
İvesi koyunlarında besi performansı ve EAAP metoduna göre karkaslarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Gül Sabri , Biçer Osman
Published: April 2020

Amaç:
Bu çalışmada, İvesi toklularında besi performansı ve EAAP yöntemine göre karkas
özelliklerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular:
Çalışmada, toklular bireysel bölmelerde 91 günlük yoğun besiye alınmıştır.
Çalışma sonunda elde edilen karkaslar EAAP metoduna göre parçalanmış ve her bir
parça için ayrım yapılmıştır. Çalışmada besi başı ve sonu canlı ağırlıkları
sırası ile 34.7 ± 1.73 kg, 59.8 ± 1.84 kg, beside ortalama günlük canlı ağırlık
artışı, ortalama günlük yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranları sırasıyla
275.8 ± 14.60 g, 2067.1 ± 51.54 g, 6.4 ± 0.48 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Genel Yorum: İvesi toklularda uzun süre
yapılan besilerde, karkas kalitesi düşmekte ve yemden yararlanma oranı
yükselmektedir. Bu durum üretim ekonomikliğini düşürmektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Ülkemizin kırmızı et
ihracatında diğer ülkeler arasında yerini alabilmesi ve koyunlarda standart karkas
parçalama için EAAP uygulanabilecek bir yöntemdir.
Çarkıfelek (Passiflora spp L.) türlerinde çoğaltma teknolojisindeki gelişmeler
Authors: Mavi Kazım , Uzunoğlu Fulya
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu derleme
ülkemizde yeni bir bitki türü olarak farklı özellikleri nedeniyle gelişme
göstereceği düşünülen çarkıfelek türlerinin çoğaltma teknikleri konusunda
hazırlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu derleme ile çarkıfelek
türünün farklı çoğaltma yöntem ve uygulamaları konusunda bilimsel ve teknolojik
gelişmeler dikkate alınarak bilgi verilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Çarkıfelek türlerinde vejetatif
çoğaltma yöntemleri ve generatif çoğaltma yöntemi kendi içerisinde avantaj ve
dezavantajlara sahiptir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Neticede çok zengin bir tür
çeşitliliği olan ve gıda, süs bitkisi ve tıbbi bitki olarak kullanımı olan bu
cinsin, araştırma ve geliştirme faliyetlerine yönelik yeni talepler başarılı
bir şekilde çoğaltılabilmelerine bağlıdır. 
Bu derleme ile çarkıfelek çoğaltma teknikleri detaylı olarak
açıklanmıştır.
EFFECTIVE CREATIVE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF BUSINESS INTERACTION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Braslauskas Justinas
Published: April 2020

Although various aspects of intercultural communication have been addressed in the works of various authors,
there is still a lack of works that describe intercultural communication from the new viewpoint – in terms of effective intercultural
business interaction, theoretical analysis of models of the classification of cultures, and combination of theoretical and practical
insights in overcoming the obstacles of intercultural interaction. There is also a lack of works that highlight creativity as an integral
part of cross-cultural business communication. In the belief of the author of the article, without a close synthesis of these aspects,
it is impossible to understand in detail the meaning of effective intercultural business interaction. Purpose of the article – to analyse
theoretical and practical aspects of effective cross-cultural business communication based on creativity. In the article, through the use
of the models of the classification of cultures of various researchers from around the world (Richard R. Gesteland, Edward T. Hall,
Richard D. Lewis, Geert Hofstede, Gert Jan Hofstede, Michael Minkov, Shalom H. Schwartz), the aspects of multiculturalism in the context
of intercultural business interaction are highlighted. The work analyses creativity as an integral part of effective cross-cultural business
communication. The publication also describes the barriers in the intercultural interaction and ways to overcome it. Research methods used
in the work: systematic, comparative, logical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature.
THE CHANGE OF COORDINATE SYSTEM VERSUS THE AREA OF PARCELS
Authors: Novikova Elena , Palamar Alena , Yeropunova Iryna
Published: April 2020

The transition from one coordinate system to another creates many problems, one of which is the change in the area of land parcels. There are at least three reasons causing a change in the area of the parcels after transition from one coordinate system to another. 1. The change in area associated with the transition from one reference ellipsoid to another; 2. The change in area due to deformations caused by random and systematic errors of one of the coordinate systems; 3. The change in the area of the parcel associated with the properties of the projection of Gauss-Krüger. It is shown that the greatest change in the area of the parcel during the transition from CS-63 to UCS-2000 (the coordinate systems of Ukraine) is associated with the properties of the Gauss-Krüger projection. For the parcel of 1 hectare, extreme changes in the area at the borders between the zones of the coordinate systems, can reach the size of 1.95 sq. m. When using local coordinate systems based on UCS-2000, extreme area changes can reach 7.02 sq. m per 1 hectare. It is concluded that the difference in the areas of parcels caused by the properties of the Gauss-Krüger projection could have been avoided if the prime meridians of the zones in the UCS-2000 and CS-63 systems coincided.
Spacetime Tomography Using the Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Tiede Paul , Pu Hung-Yi , Broderick Avery E. , Gold Roman , Karami Mansour , Preciado-López Jorge A.
Published: April 2020

We have now entered a new era of high-resolution imaging astronomy with the beginning of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The EHT can resolve the dynamics of matter in the immediate vicinity around black holes at and below the horizon scale. One of the candidate black holes, Sagittarius A*, flares 1–4 times a day depending on the wavelength. A possible interpretation of these flares could be hotspots generated through magnetic-reconnection events in the accretion flow. In this paper, we construct a semi-analytical model for hotspots that includes the effects of shearing as a spot moves along the accretion flow. We then explore the ability of the EHT to recover these hotspots. Even including significant systematic uncertainties, such as thermal noise, diffractive scattering, and background emission due to an accretion disk, we were able to recover the hotspots and spacetime structure to sub-percent precision. Moreover, by observing multiple flaring events we show how the EHT could be used to tomographically map spacetime. This provides new avenues for testing relativistic fluid dynamics and general relativity near the event horizon of supermassive black holes.
Unified Simulations of Planetary Formation and Atmospheric Evolution: Effects of Pebble Accretion, Giant Impacts, and Stellar Irradiation on Super-Earth Formation
Authors: Ogihara Masahiro , Hori Yasunori
Published: April 2020

A substantial number of super-Earths have been discovered, and atmospheres of transiting super-Earths have also been observed by transmission spectroscopy. Several lines of observational evidence indicate that most super-Earths do not possess massive H2/He atmospheres. However, accretion and retention of less massive atmospheres on super-Earths challenge planet formation theory. We consider the following three mechanisms: (i) envelope heating by pebble accretion, (ii) mass loss during giant impacts, and (iii) atmospheric loss by stellar X-ray and EUV photoevaporation. We investigate whether these mechanisms influence the amount of the atmospheres that form around super-Earths. We develop a code combining an N-body simulation of pebble-driven planetary formation and an atmospheric evolution simulation. We demonstrate that the observed orbital properties of super-Earths are well reproduced by the results of our simulations. However, (i) heating by pebble accretion ceases prior to disk dispersal, (ii) the frequency of giant impact events is too low to sculpt massive atmospheres, and (iii) many super-Earths having H2/He atmospheres of ≳10 wt% survive against stellar irradiation for 1 Gyr. Therefore, it is likely that other mechanisms, such as suppression of gas accretion, are required to explain less massive atmospheres (≲10 wt%) of super-Earths.
Tipificación de dos nombres del género Verbascum incluidos en la subsect. Singuliflora (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. P. , Roselló R. , Laguna E. , Peris J. B.
Published: April 2020

Se designan los tipos nomenclaturales de Verbascum barnadesii y V. fontqueri (≡ Celsia valentina (Scrophulariaceae) a partir de especímenes conservados en los herbarios C y BC, respectivamente.
Effect of Hammer Impact on Wave Propagation Characteristics of Soil
Authors: Jayakrishnan Veena , Beena K S  , Unni Kartha G  , Vinod J. S.
Published: April 2020

Wave transmission through soil due to dynamic load causes many problems to civil engineers craving safe construction. In this article, a laboratory model study is conducted to investigate the vibration propagation characteristics of soil due to the falling masses at different depths. Different types of impact, soils, and relative densities are used to study the characteristics of vibration transmission and energy dissipation. It was found that the increase in relative density and decrease in the depth causes an increase in the Peak Particle Acceleration and wave velocity of soil. An attempt is also made to determine the dynamic properties of soil using wave velocity ratios. A simple laboratory arrangement discussed here can be used to predict the wave propagation in soil reasonably and can determine its elastic constants. From the studies, it was revealed that the wave travel in soil and the peak particle acceleration depends on many factors like density, particle gradation, impact energy, etc.
The Influence of the Application of Agile Practices in Software Quality Based on ISO/IEC 25010 Standard
Authors: Arcos-Medina Gloria , Mauricio David
Published: April 2020

Agile practices are activities or procedures that are applied during the software development process in order to improve its quality and productivity. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of agile practices on software quality. For this purpose, a model composed of 4 groups of agile practices and 8 quality characteristics according to the ISO/IEC 25010 standard has here been proposed. The results of 146 questionnaires addressed to people involved in the software development process show that the application of agile engineering and project management practices have a significant positive influence on the quality attribute functionality. On the other hand, project management practices have a low impact on the quality characteristics of compatibility, portability, security, and usability.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Designing End-User Interfaces Using Design Theories
Authors: Reynoso Juan Manuel Gómez , Romo Lizeth Itziguery Solano
Published: April 2020

Software systems are one of the most important technologies that are present in every task that humans and computers perform. Humans perform their tasks by using a computer interface. However, because many developers have not been exposed to one or more courses on Human Computer Interaction (HCI), they sometimes create software using their own preferences based on their skills and abilities and do not consult theories that could help them produce better outcomes. A study was carried out to identity whether software that is developed by using Gestalt Theory combined with interface development principles produces better outcomes compared to software developed using developers' current skills. Results show that participants perceived the system that was developed by a team that had been given training about Gestalt Theory and design guidelines had superior perceived quality compared to another team that did not receive the training. However, results should be taken cautiously.
Adjustable bulbourethral male sling: Experience after 30 cases of moderate to severe male stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Cotugno Michele , Martens Daniel , Pirola Giacomo , Maggi Martina , Destro Pastizzaro Carmelo , Potenzoni Michele , Rocco Bernardo Maria Cesare , Micali Salvatore , Prati Andrea
Published: April 2020

Objective: To report our experience using the Argus perineal sling from July 2015 to April 2018 for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after prostatic surgery. To evaluate the safety, efficacy and healthrelated quality of life in patients undergoing this procedure. Patients and methods: The positioning of an adjustable bulbourethral male sling provides a perineal incision, exposure of the bulbospongiosus muscle and the application of the sling bearing on it with transobturator passage of the two extremities with out-in technique. To modulate the bearing tension on the urethra, with a rigid cystoscope the Retrogade Leak Point Pressure is measured, increasing it by 10-15 cm of H20 from baseline. We retrospectively evaluated the results of this implant performed by the same operator on 30 patients who presented post-operative SUI from medium to severe (> = 2 pads/day, pad test at one hour > = 11 g). Mean operative time and possible intra and postoperative complications were evaluated. Postoperatively each patient was reassessed according to the following parameters: number of pads consumed/ die, pad tesy at one hour, ICQS-F, any related side effects. Results: After the intervention, 21 of 30 patients (70% of the total) were totally continent (< 1 pad / day, pad test at 1 h < 1-2 g, ICQS-F < 11), out of them 4 required a single adjustment at 3 months in order to achieve this result. 9 of 30 patients (30 %) achieved a clinically significant improvement without obtaining total continence (mean reduction of the n° pads/day: -2.5 ± 1 DS; average reduction of the pad test at 1 h: -20 g ± 4 DS; ICQS-F average reduction: -6 points ± 2 DS), out of them 5 required a 3 month adjustment to obtain these improvements resulting, 4 needed 2 adjustments resulting because the first adjustment was not satisfactory and one who ameliorated from severe to moderate incontinence decided to live in this clinical condition. Conclusions: The results of our study show that the positioning of this sling represents a valid treatment for the moderate and severe post-surgical male SUI. The possibility of adjusting the tension of the sleeve in a "second look" makes the intervention adaptable according to the results obtained. Only multicentric clinical trials on larger series would clarify and eventually confirm the clinical benefits of this sling in post-surgical male SUI.
Peer Instruction e Vygotsky: uma aproximação a partir de uma disciplina de astronomia no ensino superior
Authors: De Paula Jamili , Figueiredo Newton , Ferraz Denise Pereira de Alcantara
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo é decorrente de uma pesquisa de mestrado, cujo objetivo centrou-se em analisar as aproximações entre a teoria sociointeracionista de Vygotsky e a metodologia ativa Peer Instruction. Nesse sentido, por meio da aplicação da metodologia em uma disciplina de astronomia no Ensino Superior, o estudo em questão foi realizado. Por sua extensão e complexidade, aqui é apresentado um recorte voltado para a aproximação entre prática e teoria, focando nos pontos convergentes encontrados na aplicação da proposta. É apresentada, também, uma análise da avaliação feita pelos alunos sobre o uso da metodologia na disciplina, em que as aproximações entre os pressupostos das metodologias e os principais conceitos da teoria de Vygotsky foram feitas. Denota-se que, ainda que na gênese do Peer Instruction não se encontrem tais embasamentos teóricos, a eficácia da metodologia pode ser respaldada pela teoria de aprendizagem desenvolvida por Vygotsky.
Rainfall intensification increases the contribution of rewetting pulses to soil respiration
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Chakrawal Arjun , Fischer Thomas , Schimel Joshua P. , Porporato Amilcare , Vico Giulia
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Soil drying and wetting cycles promote carbon (C) release through large heterotrophic respiration pulses at rewetting, known as Birch effect. Empirical evidence shows that drier conditions before rewetting and larger changes in soil moisture at rewetting cause larger respiration pulses. Because soil moisture varies in response to rainfall, also these respiration pulses depend on the random timing and intensity of precipitation. In addition to rewetting pulses, heterotrophic respiration continues during soil drying, eventually ceasing when soils are too dry to sustain microbial activity. The importance of respiration pulses in contributing to the overall soil respiration flux has been demonstrated empirically, but no theoretical investigation has so far evaluated how the relative contribution of these pulses may change along climatic gradients or as precipitation regimes shift in a given location. To fill this gap, we start by assuming that rewetting pulses and respiration rates during soil drying can be treated as random variables dependent on soil moisture fluctuations, and develop a stochastic model for soil heterotrophic respiration rates that analytically links the statistical properties of respiration to those of precipitation. Model results show that both the mean rewetting pulse respiration and the mean respiration during drying increase with increasing mean precipitation. However, the contribution of respiration pulses to the total heterotrophic respiration increases with decreasing precipitation frequency and to a lesser degree with decreasing precipitation depth, leading to an overall higher contribution of respiration pulses under future more intermittent and intense precipitation. Moreover, the variability of both components of soil respiration is also predicted to increase under these conditions. Therefore, our results suggest that with future more intermittent precipitation, respiration pulses and the associated nutrient release will intensify and become more variable, contributing more to soil biogeochemical cycling.
Permafrost distribution and conditions at the headwalls of two receding glaciers (Schladming and Hallstatt glaciers) in the Dachstein Massif, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Authors: Rode Matthias , Sass Oliver , Kellerer-Pirklbauer Andreas , Schnepfleitner Harald , Gitschthaler Christoph
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Permafrost distribution in rock walls surrounding receding
glaciers is an important factor in rock stability and rock wall retreat. We
investigated bedrock permafrost distribution in the Dachstein Massif,
Austria, reaching up to 2995 m a.s.l. The occurrence, thickness and thermal
regime of permafrost at this partly glaciated mountain massif are scarcely
known. We applied a multi-method approach with continuous ground surface and
near-surface temperature monitoring (GST), measurement of the bottom temperature
of the winter snow cover (BTS), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT),
airborne photogrammetry, topographic maps, visual observations, and field
mapping. Our research focused on several steep rock walls consisting of
massive limestone above receding glaciers exposed to different slope aspects
at elevations between ca. 2600 and 2700 m a.s.l. We aimed to quantify the distribution
and conditions of bedrock permafrost particularly at the transition zone
between the present glacier surface and the adjacent rock walls. According to our ground temperature data, permafrost is mainly found at
north-facing rock walls. At south-east-facing rock walls, permafrost is
probable only in very favourable cold conditions at radiation-sheltered
higher elevations (>2700 m a.s.l.). ERT measurements reveal high
resistivities (>30 000 Ω m) at ≥1.5 m depth at
north-exposed slopes (highest values >100 kΩ m). Deducted from
laboratory studies and additional small-scale ERT measurements, these values
indicate permafrost existence. Permafrost bodies were found at several
rock walls independent of investigated slope orientation; however,
particularly large permafrost bodies were found at north-exposed sites.
Furthermore, at vertical survey lines, a pronounced imprint of the former Little Ice Age
(LIA) ice margin was detected. Resistivities above and below the LIA line are
markedly different. At the LIA glacier surface, the highest resistivities and
lowest active-layer thicknesses were observed. The active-layer thickness
increases downslope from this zone. Permafrost below the LIA line could be
due to permafrost aggradation or degradation; however, the spatial patterns
of frozen rock point to permafrost aggradation following glacier surface
lowering or retreat. This finding is significant for permafrost and cirque
erosion studies in terms of frost-influence weathering in similar
high-mountain settings.
Envisioning Public Scholarship for Our Time: Models for Higher Education Researchers Book Review
Authors: Harrington Christine
Published: April 2020

-
Het fideicommis, (meer) temporele problemen bij de benoeming van verwachters en de toepassing van de vruchtgebruikbepalingen
Authors: Brinkman R.E.
Published: April 2020

Het fideicommis, (meer) temporele problemen bij de benoeming van verwachters en de toepassing van de vruchtgebruikbepalingen

In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op temporele problemen die kunnen ontstaan bij (de formulering van) plaatsvervullingsclausules voor verwachters, naar aanleiding van een recent vonnis van de rechtbank Noord-Nederland. De vraag rijst namelijk ‘wie’ verwachters zijn als de benoeming tot verwachters ‘temporeel’ is geformuleerd. Anders dan de rechtbank betoogt, wordt hier beargumenteerd dat er bij een fideicommis (op één uitzondering na) hangende de voorwaarde altijd (primaire en soms subsidiaire) verwachters aanwezig zijn, die bevoegdheden moeten kunnen uitoefenen en jegens wie de bezwaarde zijn verplichtingen moet kunnen vervullen.
Canadian Guidelines on Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist Use Disorder Among Older Adults
Authors: Conn David K. , Hogan David B. , Amdam Lori , Cassidy Keri-Leigh , Cordell Peter , Frank Christopher , Gardner David , Goldhar Morris , Ho Joanne M-W , Kitamura Christopher , Vasil Nancy
Published: April 2020

Background

Benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use disorder among older adults is a relatively common and challenging clinical condition.

Method

The Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health, with financial support from Health Canada, has produced evidencebased guidelines on the prevention, identification, assessment, and management of this form of substance use disorder.

Results

Inappropriate use of BZRAs should be avoided by considering non-pharmacological approaches to the management of late life insomnia, anxiety, and other common indications for the use of BZRA. Older persons should only be prescribed BZRAs after they are fully informed of alternatives, benefits, and risks associated with their use. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for the presence of BZRA use disorders. The full version of these guidelines can be accessed at www.ccsmh.ca

Conclusions

A person-centred, stepped care approach utilizing gradual dose reductions should be used in the management of BZRA use disorder.
Herausforderung CO2-Neutralität: Klimaschutz in Einrichtungen und Diensten der Wohlfahrtspflege
Authors: Lembke Steffen
Published: April 2020

Die gesellschaftlichen und politischen Debatten überbieten sich derzeit in Extremen, wenn es um den Handlungsbedarf hinsichtlich des Klimaschutzes geht. »Überlebenswichtig« war die jüngste Bezeichnung von Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel. Das scheint kaum noch steigerungsfähig und ist dennoch keinesfalls übertrieben. Vor dem Hintergrund einer sich rasant verschärfenden Klimakrise, müssen sich alle gesellschaftlichen Akteure nach ihrem Beitrag zu deren Bekämpfung fragen - auch Einrichtungen und Dienste der Wohlfahrtspflege.
Ansätze zur Stärkung der Teilhabemöglichkeiten von Menschen mit Demenz im Quartier
Authors: Schacke Claudia
Published: April 2020

Inklusion ist das erklärte Ziel des Übereinkommens der Vereinten Nationen über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen, das auch von Deutschland ratifiziert wurde. Menschen mit Behinderungen, darunter auch Menschen mit Demenz, haben demzufolge ein Recht auf Selbstbestimmung, Diskriminierungsfreiheit, Chancengleichheit und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe.
Mütter-Stress
Authors: Kellner-Zotz Bianca
Published: April 2020

Die Zahl der Mütter mit Erschöpfungssyndrom ist in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegen. Die Ursachen: Zeitdruck, hohe gesellschaftliche Erwartungen bei fehlender Anerkennung und die schwierige Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf.
Intersektorale und Nonprofit-Kooperationen: Bedeutung, Bewertung und Wirkung: Nachweisführung anhand der Spieltheorie und Erweiterung um einen Impact-Parameter
Authors: Schunk Martin
Published: April 2020

Über 70 % der Non-Profit-Organisationen (NPOs) in Deutschland kooperieren regelmäßig mit anderen NPOs. Darüber hinaus rücken die volkswirtschaftlichen Sektoren Staat, Wirtschaft und Dritter Sektor immer näher zusammen. Das 13. Internationale NPO-Colloquium etwa beschäftigte sich im April 2018 explizit mit dem Themenkomplex „Intersektorale Kooperationen“. Die Spieltheorie gibt ein Modell vor, um die Folgen von Wettbewerbs- und Kooperationsverhalten mathematisch zu berechnen. Es handelt sich um eine der bedeutendsten betriebswirtschaftlichen Kooperationstheorien. Eine Anwendung der Spieltheorie auf gemeinwohldienliche, gesellschaftsfördernde Kooperationen bedingt die Erweiterung um einen Parameter, der die intendierte gesellschaftliche Wirkung der Kooperation erfasst und zugleich die Bedeutung solcherart Kooperationen herausstellt. Dieser Impact-Parameter kann auch, losgelöst von der individuellen Einschätzung der Spieler, für das Projekt in Gänze sowie für eine Bündelung gleichartiger Projekte genutzt werden. Eine Möglichkeit zur Bündelung bieten Social Impact Cluster, welche die in den Einzelprojekten besonders schwer zu erfassenden gesellschaftlichen Wirkungen messen und an die Einzelprojekte sowie die Öffentlichkeit zurückmelden.
Legal Education in Spain: The struggle between tradition and modernization
Authors: Boto José Maria Miranda , Otero Lidia Gil
Published: April 2020

Der Artikel widmet sich der curricularen Struktur des rechtswissenschaftlichen Studiums in Spanien und der Bedeutung der Lehre. Letztere wird sowohl im Hinblick auf den Aspekt der Veranstaltungsformate und Lehrmethoden, als auch auf den Berufszugang für Hochschullehrende und deren Qualifikation behandelt. Schließlich werden aktuelle Herausforderungen der Juristenausbildung und des didaktischen Designs kritisch diskutiert.
Fly Ash as a Cementitious Material for Concrete
Authors: Bouaissi Aissa , Yuan Li Long , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Ahmad Romisuhani , Abdul Razak Rafiza , Yahya Zarina
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area.