GALUR HARAPAN TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PRODUKSI TINGGI DAN TAHAN PENYAKIT LINCAT
Authors: ROCHMAN FATKHUR , SUWARSO SUWARSO , A.S. MURDIYATI A.S. MURDIYATI 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Masalah  utama  tembakau  Temanggung  adalah  rendahnya<br />produktivitas yang disebabkan oleh mundurnya daya dukung lahan karena<br />erosi dan endemi penyakit lincat (kompleks nematoda Meloidogyne spp,<br />bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum, dan cendawan Phytophthora nicotianae).<br />Saat ini telah diperoleh enam galur hasil persilangan dari varietas Sindoro<br />1 (moderat tahan terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum tetapi rentan terhadap<br />Meloidogyne spp. dan sangat rentan terhadap Phytophthora nicotianae)<br />dengan tembakau virginia yang tahan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut.<br />Evaluasi terhadap hasil, indeks mutu, indeks tanaman dan ketahanan<br />terhadap ketiga patogen telah dilakukan di 3 lokasi selama tiga tahun<br />dengan rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa ada dua galur harapan yaitu (1) Galur A dengan rata-<br />rata produktivitas : 0,880 ton rajangan kering per ha dan indeks mutu<br />40,28 indeks tanaman 35,47 dan kadar nikotin 5,52%. Produktivitas galur<br />A meningkat 48,08%, indeks mutu meningkat 4,87% dan indeks tanaman<br />meningkat 53,73% serta kadar nikotin menurun 15,06% dibanding varietas<br />standar. Galur A memiliki sifat moderat tahan terhadap bakteri Ralstonia<br />solanacearum dan toleran terhadap nematoda Meloidogyne spp. (2) Galur<br />E dengan rata-rata produktivitas : 0,869 ton rajangan kering per ha, indeks<br />mutu 36,01 indeks tanaman 31,87 dan kadar nikotin 6,00%. Produktivitas<br />galur E meningkat 46,23%, indeks mutu menurun 6,25% dan indeks<br />tanaman meningkat 38,12% serta kadar nikotin menurun 2,56% dibanding<br />varietas standar. Galur E memiliki sifat moderat tahan terhadap bakteri<br />Ralstonia solanacearum dan toleran terhadap nematoda Meloidogyne spp.<br />Kata kunci : Tembakau,  Nicotiana  tabacum,  Temanggung, galur<br />harapan, Ralstonia solanacearum, Meloidogyne spp,<br />Phytophthora nicotianae, lahan lincat, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Temanggung tobacco promising lines with high producti-<br />vity and resistant to lincat diseased<br />The main problem in Temanggung tobacco cultivation is low<br />productivity which is caused by increasing land erosion and invasion of<br />endemic disease called ‘lincat’. Lincat is a disease caused by a complex<br />invasion of three pathogens i.e. Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode),<br />Ralstonia solanacearum (bacteria) and Phytophthora nicotianae (fungus).<br />Hybridization between variety Sindoro 1 (moderately resistant to R.<br />solanacearum but susceptible to Meloidogyne spp. and highly susceptible<br />to P. nicotianae) and virginia tobacco (resistant to these three pathogens)<br />has resulted in six lines. These lines were planted in three locations for 3<br />years and were evaluated for their yield, grade index, crop index, and<br />resistance intensity to these three pathogens, using randomized block<br />design with 3 replications. Two promising lines were resulted from this<br />evaluation i.e. (1) Line A, that has productivity of tobacco sliced : 0.880<br />ton per hectare, grade index: 40.28 crop index: 35.47 and nicotine content:<br />5.52%. In comparison to standard variety, the productivity, grade index,<br />and crop index of this line increased of 48.08%, 4.87%, and 53.73%,<br />respectively, and nicotine content decreased of 15.06%. Moreover, this<br />line is moderately resistant to R. solanacearum and tolerant to<br />Meloidogyne spp. (2) Line E, that has productivity of tobacco sliced:<br />0.869 ton per hectare, grade index: 36.01 crop index: 31.87 and nicotine<br />content: 6.00%. This line also has increase productivity, and crop index of<br />46.23% 38.12%, respectively, and has decrease grade index and nicotine<br />content of 6.25% and 2.56%, respectively compared to standard variety.<br />This line is moderately resistant to R. solanacearum and tolerant to<br />Meloidogyne spp.<br />Key words : Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, Temanggung, promising line,<br />Ralstonia solanacearum, Meloidogyne spp., Phytophthora<br />nicotianae, lincat land, East Jav