bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of water-borne chemical cues in mediating social interactions of the Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni
Authors: Gabor Caitlin Rathie , Gonzales Jr. Reynaldo , Epp Kristen Joy
Published: April 2010

Association patterns and social interactions of salamanders vary given habitat heterogeneity and behavioural characteristics. Cave ecosystems are generally food limited and encountering mates may be rare. Little is known about the mode of social interactions and preferences in cave-adapted salamanders. We examined social interactions of the caveadapted, federally endangered, Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni, by examining sex-specific association patterns. We predicted that non-visual (chemical) cues would be an important mode of communication. We found no difference in association patterns between the sexes when presented with a single conspecific and no aggregative behaviours were detected. Interestingly, when given a simultaneous choice between a male or female, females preferred to associate with male conspecifics while males showed no clear preference. The results suggest that females of E. rathbuni use chemical cues to either seek males or avoid females and provide valuable insight into the little known social behaviour of this species and possibly other similar species.
Aspects of the breeding biology of the Omei mustache toad (Leptobrachium boringii): polygamy and paternal care
Authors: Zheng Yuchi , Li Shuqiang , Fu Jinzhong , Deng Duncan
Published: April 2010

The Omei mustache toad, Leptobrachium boringii, has a male biased sexual size dimorphism, which may be associated with either male-male combat behaviour or parental care. The breeding biology of this species was studied during the 2004, 2006, and 2007 breeding seasons in a population at Mount Omei in western China. The size and sex ratio of this breeding population fluctuated over the years. Males constructed nests under large rocks in mountain streams and a single “resident” male typically occupied one nest and remained in the same nest for the entire study periods with rare exceptions. Males with egg masses in their nests stayed in their nests for many days after oviposition, with few or no additional matings during this period, suggesting that males were possibly providing paternal care rather than waiting for more mating opportunities. Furthermore, males lost a significant amount (7.3%) of their body mass during the breeding season. In 2006 and 2007, we also found a positive correlation between the body size of the resident male and the number of egg masses in his nest. However, parentage analysis using microsatellite DNA loci indicated that resident males were not necessarily the fathers of all eggs in their nests. Both polygyny and polyandry occur in this species. Overall, evidence suggests that Omei mustache toads provide paternal care and larger males have higher mating success.
A hitherto overlooked type of colour change in frogs and its significance for the identification of species in the Australian genus Neobatrachus
Authors: Henle Klaus
Published: April 2010

Colour change is a well-known phenomenon in many amphibians. Most of these changes involve transient darkening, lightening, or attainment of breeding colours. Nuptial calosities may become lighter outside the main breeding season. Depigmentation as an extreme form of lightening has been documented also for keratinized structures of tadpole mouths. Here I report a hitherto overlooked type of colour change: darkening of metatarsal tubercles from white to almost black. At Kinchega National Park in New South Wales, individuals of the Australian borrowing frog Neobatrachus pictus emerging from their aestivation burrows after rains had white outer metatarsal tubercles. Within a few hours to two days the metatarsal tubercles had turned completely black. This indicates that the extent of black colouration of the outer metatarsal tubercle hitherto used to discriminate the species N. centralis from N. pictus and N. sudelli is unreliable.
Summer microhabitat use of the Greater Siren (Siren lacertina) and Two-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means) in an isolated wetland
Authors: Luhring Thomas , Crawford Brian , Schalk Christopher
Published: April 2010

Although the habitats of the Greater Siren (Siren lacertina) and Two-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means) have been described on a coarse scale; the microhabitat(s) of these species has not been examined. We trapped from 12 June 2008 to 1 July 2008 in an isolated wetland on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina where these two salamander species occur in sympatry. Traps were set in three different microhabitats; the water's surface and benthic zone in deep water, and in a littoral zone. Siren lacertina captures were highest in the benthic zone, while A. means were captured more in the littoral zone. This differentiation in microhabitat usage may reflect a difference in prey availability or habitat structure; alternatively, it may be a response to interspecific interactions between species.
Enmarcamiento y el rechazo o aceptación de los aspectos generales y específicos de la Ley de Igualdad de Género en España: representaciones sociales y regulaciones normativas
Authors: Valencia José-Francisco , de Montes Lorena Gil , Ortiz Garbiñe , Larrañaga Maider , Idoyaga Nahia
Published: April 2010

En los dos estudios presentados se analiza el rol de los elementos periféricos y centrales de las representaciones sociales en función de a) la inducción de la implicación del self con el objeto vs. la no implicación y b) el enmarcamiento del mensaje (eliminar la discriminación vs. promocionar la igualdad) en el caso de la Ley Igualdad de Género en España. El primer estudio, manipulando el contexto normal (tú mismo) versus sustitución (la sociedad en general), produce una aceptación diferencial de la ley en general: mayor en la condición normal y menor en la de sustitución. El segundo estudio, añadiendo la condición de enmarcamiento—restaurativo vs. promoter—encuentra que el enmarcamiento no influye en la aceptación de los aspectos generales de la ley, y sí lo hace, sin embargo, en los aspectos específicos de la ley. Finalmente, se defiende la pertinencia de la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales para explicar las diferentes lógicas que el meta-sistema induce en la actuación de las operaciones cognitivas.
John O’Malley on Vatican II and Bernard Lonergan’s Realms of Meaning
Authors: Curnow Rohan M.
Published: April 2010

This article considers John O’Malley’s argument that the Second Vatican Council marks a break with the Catholic past. O’Malley contends that this discontinuity is most evident when one considers the nature of the genre of Vatican II’s documents. O’Malley argues that the shift from the use of the canon to the epideictic genre is representative of the intention of the Council Fathers to act more in a pastoral, than in a juridical, manner. This article is in substantial agreement with O’Malley; however, it introduces Bernard Lonergan’s notion of the realms of meaning as a means of understanding the theological relevance of the shift in genre that facilitates holding the canon and epideictic genre in a creative tension with each other.
Religion, Truth, Mystery and Morality
Authors: Hoose Bernard
Published: April 2010

In spite of protestations to the contrary, mere ideology is a large part of what is usually presented as a religion. Members of the faith group are told that they are obliged to acknowledge these ideas, hypotheses, conjectures and definitions, and perhaps even recite them in public. Such a state of affairs can lead, at best, to cosy feelings that spring from a supposed unity of belief, and, at worst, to appalling intolerance of anyone or any idea that threatens this unity. Other grave moral problems also arise when hypotheses are presented as ‘the faith.’ What follows is an attempt to confront some of the problems and to note how they arise, while, at the same time, arguing that real religion is about trust in Mystery.
Aquinas on Compassion: Has He Something to Offer Today?
Authors: Ryan Thomas
Published: April 2010

‘Compassion’—an engaging yet troublesome word? Recent studies on Thomas Aquinas prompt a reconsideration of the place of compassion as an emotion and a virtue in his treatment of the Christian moral life. Through an analysis of relevant texts in Thomas and in relation to contemporary authors such as Oliver Davies, it becomes evident that compassion has a more significant role in his spiritual/ moral theology than is often acknowledged. Despite the limits of his psychological model, Aquinas offers a carefully calibrated account of compassion as a defining emotion, of compassion’s development within the model of friendship, of the relationship between cognition, affectivity, and action, of divine compassion and mercy and, finally, of compassion and mercy within divinization through the differing modalities of the virtues and the gifts. After suggesting six ways we can learn from Aquinas, the article closes with a reflection on the impenetrable yet life-giving mystery of compassion.
Do More Boys Than Girls Have Reading Problems?
Authors: Wheldall Kevin , Limbrick Lisa
Published: April 2010

There is controversy within the research literature concerning the relative prevalence of reading problems in boys and girls. The authors report findings from very large and very representative samples of Australian students. Data from the New South Wales Basic Skills Test (BST) for reading, administered annually to third and fifth grade students in New South Wales schools, were analyzed for 1997 to 2006. Poor readers were defined as students who scored in the lowest BST bands, Bands 1 and 2. Average boy/girl ratios for third-grade students were 1.66:1 (Band 1) and 1.44:1 (combined Bands 1 and 2) and for fifth grade students were 2.26:1 (Band 1) and 1.99:1 (combined Bands 1 and 2). The findings of this study confirm earlier research that more boys than girls experience reading problems, but these differences in incidence may be more modest than previous research has suggested.
Spatial Working Memory and Arithmetic Deficits in Children With Nonverbal Learning Difficulties
Authors: Mammarella Irene Cristina , Lucangeli Daniela , Cornoldi Cesare
Published: April 2010

Visuospatial working memory and its involvement in arithmetic were examined in two groups of 7- to 11-year-olds: one comprising children described by teachers as displaying symptoms of nonverbal learning difficulties ( N = 21), the other a control group without learning disabilities ( N = 21). The two groups were matched for verbal abilities, age, gender, and sociocultural level. The children were presented with a visuospatial working memory battery of recognition tests involving visual, spatial-sequential and spatial-simultaneous processes, and two arithmetic tasks (number ordering and written calculations). The two groups were found to differ on some spatial tasks but not in the visual working memory tasks. On the arithmetic tasks, the children with nonverbal learning difficulties made more errors than controls in calculation and were slower in number ordering. A discriminant function analysis confirmed the crucial role of spatial-sequential working memory in distinguishing between the two groups. Results are discussed with reference to spatial working memory and arithmetic difficulties in nonverbal learning disabilities. Implications for the relationship between visuospatial working memory and arithmetic are also considered.
Stereotypes of Individuals With Learning Disabilities: Views of College Students With and Without Learning Disabilities
Authors: May Alison L. , Stone C. Addison
Published: April 2010

To explore possible reasons for low self-identification rates among undergraduates with learning disabilities (LD), we asked students (38 with LD, 100 without LD) attending two large, public, research-intensive universities to respond to a questionnaire designed to assess stereotypes about individuals with LD and conceptions of ability. Responses were coded into six categories of stereotypes about LD (low intelligence, compensation possible, process deficit, nonspecific insurmountable condition, working the system, and other), and into three categories of conceptions of intelligence (entity, incremental, neither). Consistent with past findings, the most frequent metastereotype reported by individuals in both groups related to generally low ability. In addition, students with LD were more likely to espouse views of intelligence as a fixed trait. As a whole, the study’s findings have implications for our understanding of factors that influence self-identification and self-advocacy at the postsecondary level.
Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Extra time as a Test Accommodation for Transitioning Adolescents With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Gregg Noel , Nelson Jason M.
Published: April 2010

The accommodation of students with learning disabilities (LD) on mandatory high stakes tests continues to heighten concern over the equity and effectiveness of current practices. As students transition from high school, they are required to complete timed graduation tests and postsecondary entrance examinations. The most common accommodation accessed by transitioning adolescents with LD is extended time. In order to inform test accommodation practices, a meta-analysis was conducted to address whether test scores from accommodated (i.e., extended time only) and standard test administrations are comparable for transitioning adolescents with LD as compared to their normally achieving peers. The results of the meta-analyses raised more questions than answers and highlighted the need for future research in this area.
Looks and Lies: The Role of Physical Attractiveness in Online Dating Self-Presentation and Deception
Authors: Toma Catalina L. , Hancock Jeffrey T.
Published: April 2010

This study examines the role of online daters’ physical attractiveness in their profile self-presentation and, in particular, their use of deception. Sixty-nine online daters identified the deceptions in their online dating profiles and had their photograph taken in the lab. Independent judges rated the online daters’ physical attractiveness. Results show that the lower online daters’ attractiveness, the more likely they were to enhance their profile photographs and lie about their physical descriptors (height, weight, age). The association between attractiveness and deception did not extend to profile elements unrelated to their physical appearance (e.g., income, occupation), suggesting that their deceptions were limited and strategic. Results are discussed in terms of (a) evolutionary theories about the importance of physical attractiveness in the dating realm and (b) the technological affordances that allow online daters to engage in selective self-presentation.
Processes Underlying the Effects of Adolescents’ Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material: The Role of Perceived Realism
Authors: Peter Jochen , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: April 2010

Although research has repeatedly demonstrated a link between adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) and sexual attitudes, the processes underlying this association are not well understood. More specifically, studies have pointed to a mediating role of perceived realism, but internally valid evidence is missing. To address these problems, the authors used data from a three-wave panel study among 959 Dutch adolescents.They investigated whether two dimensions of the perceived realism of SEIM— social realism and utility—mediated the impact of SEIM on adolescents’ instrumental attitudes toward sex (i.e., the notion of sex as primarily physical and casual rather than affectionate and relational). Structural equation modeling showed that more frequent use of SEIM increased both the perceived social realism and the perceived utility of SEIM. In turn, these two perceptions led to more instrumental attitudes toward sex. No evidence of reverse causality emerged.
Army and Politics in the Czech Republic Twenty Years after the Velvet Revolution
Authors: Kříž Zdeněk
Published: April 2010

This article focuses on relations between army and politics in the Czech Republic after the 1989 Velvet Revolution. This article concludes that these relations in the Czech Republic achieved the parameters typical of consolidated democracies. The many problems that continue to exist in this area in the Czech Republic do not in any significant way deviate from what is typical of consolidated democracies. Therefore, the transformation of civil —military relations can be regarded as successful.
Mobility and Cash Compensation: The Moderating Effects of Gender, Race, and Executive Search Firms
Authors: Dreher George F. , Lee Jeong-Yeon , Clerkin Thomas A.
Published: April 2010

This study addresses a phenomenon observed in past research on career success and attainment in which White male managers and executives seemingly gain more from external labor market mobility than do their female and minority male counterparts. Focusing on the executive search industry, the authors found that executive search firm representatives are more likely to contact White males than females and minority males, that the compensation advantage resulting from an external labor market strategy is strongest among White male managers and executives, and that search firm—initiated contacts moderate the relationship between compensation and mobility in an external labor market. Implications for management research, theory, and practice are discussed.
Study of two graphic symbol-teaching methods for individuals with physical disabilities and additional learning difficulties
Authors: Emms Laila , Gardner Hilary
Published: April 2010

The primary purpose of this study was to establish whether contrasting teaching methods had an effect on performance accuracy in the recall of graphic symbols. The secondary purpose was to establish whether the iconicity of symbols had an effect on performance accuracy. A direct symbol-teaching method and a contextual symbol-teaching method were investigated using a total of 72 Picture Communication Symbols (PCSs; Johnson, 1985). Fourteen children with physical disabilities and additional learning difficulties took part in the study. Ten participants had little or no functional speech. The results showed that, averaging across all other factors, the direct-teaching method produced better results than the contextual-teaching method and that performance accuracy was greater with transparent symbols. Results also showed a significant interaction between the direct-teaching method and translucent/opaque symbols. Further analysis of the descriptive data suggests that age, rather than educational or language ability, was a significant factor. Implications for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices are discussed.
Improving children’s formal word definitions: A feasibility study
Authors: Marinellie Sally A.
Published: April 2010

The ability to define a word with accuracy and precision is an important skill that has been associated with academic achievement. This study investigated the feasibility of conducting a lesson on formal word definitions to improve children’s definitional production. The participants were 18 children in grade 4 (mean age: 9 years; 8 months) who were delayed readers by one grade level. Initially, the children wrote definitions for high- and lower-frequency nouns and verbs. Subsequently, a definitional lesson was delivered, which focused on the formal structure of noun and verb definitions and accuracy/precision of meaning. Lastly, the children were given a written post-test, which also contained high- and lower-frequency nouns and verbs. Words were controlled for frequency, imageability, difficulty, and familiarity. Noun and verb definitions were coded and scored for level of structure (form). Nouns were coded and scored for content (expressed meaning). Results indicated that post-test scores were significantly higher for form for nouns and verbs. For content, noun scores were significantly higher in post-test. Findings indicated that a one-time lesson on formal definitional production can positively influence children’s definitions. Limitations of the study and future research ideas are discussed.
‘It’s just so lovely to hear him talking’: Exploring the early-intervention expectations and experiences of parents
Authors: Lyons Rena , O'Malley Mary Pat , O'Connor Patricia , Monaghan Una
Published: April 2010

Little research to date explores parental experiences of early intervention. This study uses action research over a six-month period to explore the expectations and experiences of parents whose children attended an early-intervention group for speech/language impairments. This intervention programme was facilitated by a speech and language therapist and a psychologist and took place in the West of Ireland. Two focus groups were conducted with the parents of these children: one pre-intervention and one post-intervention. The focus groups were facilitated by two of the authors who were unfamiliar to the participants. Following each focus group, a summary of themes that emerged from the discussion was discussed with the clinical staff. Two changes were subsequently implemented: the timing of the group and clarification of parents’ roles. Thematic network analysis was conducted in accordance with the processes outlined by Attride-Stirling (2001). Three global themes of progress, uncertainty and dissatisfaction emerged from the analysis pre- and post-intervention. In addition the global theme of certainty emerged pre-therapy and the global theme of satisfaction emerged post-therapy. The findings of this study highlight the importance of both service users and clinical staff co-constructing a shared frame of reference so that they can engage more fully in the therapy process.
A Demonstration of ‘‘Less Can Be More’’ in Risk Graphics
Authors: Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Fagerlin Angela , Ubel Peter A.
Published: April 2010

Background. Online tools such as Adjuvant! provide tailored estimates of the possible outcomes of adjuvant therapy options available to breast cancer patients. The graphical format typically displays 4 outcomes simultaneously: survival, mortality due to cancer, other-cause mortality, and incremental survival due to adjuvant treatment. Objective. To test whether simpler formats that present only baseline and incremental survival would improve comprehension of the relevant risk statistics and/or affect treatment intentions. Design. Randomized experimental manipulation of risk graphics shown included in Internet-administered survey vignettes about adjuvant therapy decisions for breast cancer patients with ER + tumors. Participants. Demographically diverse, stratified random samples of women ages 40 to 74 y recruited from an Internet research panel. Intervention. Participants were randomized to view either pictographs (icon arrays) that displayed all 4 possible outcomes or pictographs that showed only survival outcomes. Measurements. Comprehension of key statistics, task completion times, graph evaluation ratings, and perceived interest in adjuvant chemotherapy. Results. In the primary study (N = 832), participants who viewed survival-only pictographs had better accuracy when reporting the total chance of survival with both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy (63% v. 50%, P < 0.001), higher graph evaluation ratings (x = 7.98 v. 7.67, P = 0.04), and less interest in adding chemotherapy to hormonal therapy (43% v. 50%, P = 0.04; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.68, P = 0.008). A replication study (N = 714) confirmed that participants who viewed survival-only graphs had higher graph evaluation ratings (x = 8.06 v. 7.72, P = 0.04) and reduced interest in chemotherapy (OR=0.67,P=0.03). Limitations. Studies used general public samples; actual patients may process risk information differently. Conclusions. Taking a ‘‘less is more’’ approach by omitting redundant mortality outcome statistics can be an effective method of risk communication and may be preferable when using visual formats such as pictographs.
The Cost Effectiveness of a Randomized Controlled Trial to Establish the Relative Efficacy of Vitamin K1 Compared with Alendronate
Authors: Stevenson Matt D. , Jones Myfanwy Lloyd
Published: April 2010

Purpose. The authors aimed to evaluate whether vitamin K1 or alendronate (the recommended treatment in England and Wales for postmenopausal women with a previous fracture) appeared to be the more cost-effective treatment for fracture prevention. Furthermore, expected value of sample information (EVSI) analyses were undertaken to estimate whether a head-to-head trial of alendronate and vitamin K1 would be considered cost effective. Method. A published osteoporosis model structure, populated with data from literature reviews, was used to evaluate the costs and quality-adjusted life-years associated with each intervention being provided to women at high risk of fracture, given current information. A lifetime horizon and a national health service and personal social services cost perspective were used. Observed outcomes from head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of predetermined sizes were simulated and synthesized with existing data to formulate posterior distributions, which were used to estimate the more cost-effective treatment given these additional data. The EVSI was estimated and the expected net benefit of sampling (ENBS) calculated by subtracting the proposed trial costs. Results. Given current information, vitamin K1 is expected to dominate alendronate. However, this was subject to a considerable degree of uncertainty; dominance was reversed when it was assumed that vitamin K1 had no effect on hip fractures. EVSI analysis indicated that an RCT of 2000 or 5000 women per arm produced high, and comparable, ENBS. These results were maintained in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions. It is concluded that an RCT recruiting between 2000 and 5000 women per arm to evaluate the relative efficacy of alendronate and vitamin K1 appears to be cost effective for informing decision making in England and Wales.
Bodies of Desire, Terror and the War in Eurasia: Impolite Disruptions of (Neo) Liberal Internationalism, Neoconservatism and the ‘New’ Imperium
Authors: Agathangelou Anna M.
Published: April 2010

The leaders of the neoliberal world order are now intensifying their interventions by unleashing force with impunity while slaughtering people in the name of liberal internationalism’s peace, freedom, democracy and security. Their calls, interventions of imperial violence, push us to ask: how do we disrupt these dominant processes guided by ontological antagonisms and existential wars whose ultimate goal becomes ‘bringing life back’? In this article, I draw on Foucault’s biopolitics and articulate beyond his theorisations that imperial processes such as liberal internationalisms, neoliberal entrepreneurships and neoconservative politics are intimately converging and diverging in the reassembling and reconstructing of international life. More concretely, an analysis of the CPA planners and forces in Iraq points to those processes and terrains of antagonism that are foundational to the reassembling and reconstructing of this order: the direct use of force and the racial and gendered corporeal reconstructions (i.e. which bodies are deemed structurally impossible and ontologically dead) to engineer this universal/global order.
Human Rights, Liberal Ontogenesis and Freedom
Authors: Odysseos Louiza
Published: April 2010

Taking liberalism as a technology of government characterised by its signature impulse — what Michel Foucault called ‘the internal rule of maximum economy’ — the article interrogates the ways in which human rights produce a distinct subjectivity, homo juridicus, which is a subject amenable to self-government and, as such, acts as a partner, indeed a predicate, to neoliberal governmentality. Taking its impetus from Foucault’s discussion of homo oeconomicus , the article traces human rights’ relations of subjectification, that is, the ways in which human rights call homo juridicus into being as a distinct type of subjectivity that, in parallel to homo oeconomicus, makes possible the contraction of the state and its governmentalisation. The article calls such subjectification liberal ‘ontogenesis’ and argues that it takes four distinct but related forms: rhetorical, epistemic, performative and structural ontogenesis. It provides an illustration of how each of these forms of ontogenesis produce, and produce globally — through their discourses, knowledge production, law-making and restructuring of the ‘conditions of freedom’ — a necessary subject for neoliberalism. The article thereby shows that human rights assist in the evolution of government as the conduct of conduct, and irrevocably recast the very meaning of freedom and the possibilities for agonism.
Beyond Bureaucracies?
Authors: Bryer Alice
Published: April 2010

■ Can workers run socially responsible enterprises or are they doomed to bureaucratization and self-exploitation under the pressures of the prevailing socio-economic system? This article focuses on the empresas recuperadas (ERs), workers’ cooperatives established during Argentina’s 2001 social and economic crisis. Combining ethnography and a critical political economy of accounting, it provides a worker-centred approach to ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR), which recognizes the politico-cultural complexities of class and state formation as constitutive social processes. Responding to the effects of neoliberal restructuring, thousands of Argentine workers occupied, revived and operated bankrupt or abandoned companies, often using assembly-based decision-making. Challenging idealistic or deterministic approaches, the article identifies links between the everyday politics of profitability, wider processes of state formation and workers’ social understandings. It reveals that while some ERs used accounting as a bureaucratic tool of moral and political leadership that constrained social goals, others democratized their accounts to promote social responsibility centred on self-empowerment. My findings suggest the possibilities for qualitative innovations in political economy by demonstrating that objectivity in accounting needs grounding in intersubjectivity, in the ethnography of communication between subjects relating to a shared world. They support Marx’s theory of determination by identifying the practical possibilities for worker-run companies to control capital as a social relation and promote human-centred CSR through their accounting control, rather than simply imposing the usual productivity targets.
Karen Brodkin and the Study of Social Movements
Authors: Stephen Lynn
Published: April 2010

■ This article highlights the intellectual contributions of Karen Brodkin in the analysis of gender and social movements through drawing on some of her key concepts and ideas, joining them with others, and applying them to the specific analysis of the pluralistic social movement in Oaxaca which emerged in 2006 and continues to this day. The article’s theoretical inquiry centers on two primary questions that are followed by specific concepts explored in the analysis of the Oaxaca social movement.

1. How does collective action operate in daily life through interlinked networks? What are the leadership styles and models that may be unique to women? (center women, interlinked activist networks, meshworks, and the values and ties of daily life)

2. How do individual and collective political identities develop, shape the politics of particular social movements, and participate in performing ideological work that shifts public political discourses and perceptions? (individual and collective identity development, public political ideologies, and political presence).
Ethnographic Representation and the Politics of Violence in West Papua
Authors: Kirsch Stuart
Published: April 2010

■ This article examines how ethnographic representations of violence inflect contemporary understandings of West Papua and influence its politics. It describes how colonial depictions of perpetual warfare in the highlands became paradigmatic for the region. Recent forms of extreme tourism draw on these images in offering encounters with ‘lost tribes’ that undermine the credibility of West Papuan political actors. Similarly, an American mining company paid the Indonesian military for protection against the West Papuan resistance movement while ignoring the violence of state actors. However, the collapse of Suharto’s New Order Indonesia has facilitated the reinterpretation of merdeka (freedom) as social justice, suggesting alternative ways to conceptualize West Papua’s relationship to the Indonesian state. Recent efforts by West Papuan activists to mobilize the discourses of human rights and indigenous politics are contingent on displacing the narratives of violence that dominate popular understandings of West Papua. This article shows how ethnographic representations may have negative consequences for indigenous politics.
Stress and tension-type headache mechanisms
Authors: Cathcart Stuart , Winefield Anthony H , Lushington Kurt , Rolan Paul
Published: April 2010

Stress is widely demonstrated as a contributing factor in tension-type headache (TTH). The mechanisms underlying this remain unclear at present. Recent research indicates the importance of central pain processes in tension-type headache (TTH) pathophysiology. Concurrently, research with animals and healthy humans has begun to elucidate the relationship between stress and pain processing in the central nervous system, including central pain processes putatively dysfunctional in TTH. Combined, these two fields of research present new insights and hypotheses into possible mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive review of this literature. The present paper provides such a review, which may be valuable in facilitating a broader understanding of the central mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH.
Central nervous system dysregulation extends beyond the pain-matrix network in cluster headache
Authors: Rocca Maria A , Valsasina Paola , Absinta Martina , Colombo Bruno , Barcella Valeria , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo
Published: April 2010

Introduction: In this study, we investigated whether abnormalities of the brain resting-state networks (RSNs) occur in patients with episodic cluster headache (CH), outside the attacks of the disease.

Patients and methods: RS fMRI scans were acquired from 13 CH patients and 15 healthy controls. RS fMRI data were analyzed using both independent component analysis (ICA) and a seed correlation analysis, starting from the hypothalamus and the thalamus.

Results: The seed correlation analysis revealed increased functional connectivity within the networks identified starting from the hypothalami and thalami in CH patients versus controls. ICA analysis detected 11 RSNs with potential functional relevance. Among these networks, CH patients had decreased fluctuations within the sensorimotor and the primary visual network compared to controls ( P-values 0.03–0.007). RSN abnormalities were significantly correlated with disease duration.

Conclusions: In CH patients a diffuse abnormality of brain functional connectivity is present, which extends beyond the antinoceptive system.
Efficacy and tolerability of a new powdered formulation of diclofenac potassium for oral solution for the acute treatment of migraine: Results from the International Migraine Pain Assessment Clinical Trial (IMPACT)
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Grosberg Brian , Singer Richard P , Pearlman Starr H , Sorrentino James V , Quiring John N , Saper Joel R
Published: April 2010

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of diclofenac potassium for oral solution, a novel water-soluble buffered powder formulation, versus placebo for the acute treatment of migraine. Diclofenac potassium for oral solution has a time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of 15 minutes, suggesting the potential for a rapid onset of therapeutic effects.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study conducted in 23 US centers. Adult sufferers with an established migraine diagnosis according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD-II), treated one moderate or severe attack with 50 mg diclofenac potassium for oral solution (dissolved in approximately 2 ounces of water; N = 343) or matching placebo ( N = 347). Four co-primary endpoints included the percentage of subjects who at two hours post-treatment reported no headache pain, no nausea, no photophobia and/or no phonophobia.

Results: Significantly more subjects treated with diclofenac potassium for oral solution ( N = 343) achieved a two-hour pain-free response (25% vs. 10%, p < .001), no nausea (65% vs. 53%; p = .002), no photophobia (41% vs. 27%; p < .001) and no phonophobia (44% vs. 27%; p < .001) compared to placebo. Pain intensity differences between treatments were significantly lower in the diclofenac potassium oral solution group, starting at 30 minutes post-treatment ( p = .013) with significant differences at all time points thereafter ( p < .001). Twenty-four-hour sustained pain-free response favored diclofenac potassium oral solution treatment versus placebo (19% vs. 7%, p < .0001). The most common adverse event considered to be treatment related was nausea (diclofenac potassium for oral solution [4.6%]; placebo [4.3%]).

Conclusions: This study shows that this formulation of diclofenac potassium for oral solution is effective in reducing pain intensity within 30 minutes, which may be related to the 15-minute Tmax associated with this formulation. The rapid-onset benefits were sustained through 24 hours post-treatment.
Fatma Aliye’s Stories: Ottoman Marriages Beyond the Harem
Authors: Akşit Elif Ekin
Published: April 2010

The harem image has dominated the conceptualizations of the family and the private sphere in the Ottoman empire at the turn of the century. This essay aims to review these conceptualizations and locate family life in both public and private spheres. The main source of inquiry will be the literary writings of Fatma Aliye (1862—1936) who wrote about women, marriage, education, poverty, and slavery. In these works, she outlined common dreams for Eastern and Western women, such as the love and companionship of an honest, monogamous man. These dreams envisioned Muslim women performing a variety of roles and thus transcended the given expectations from the family and from Muslim women as a monolithic category. In this light, this essay seeks to contextualize Aliye’s works within the history of the family by evaluating Aliye’s views particularly on marriage.
Chondral Resurfacing and High Tibial Osteotomy in the Varus Knee
Authors: Sterett William I. , Steadman J. Richard , Huang Michael J. , Matheny Lauren M. , Briggs Karen K.
Published: April 2010

Background: Active patients with arthritic malalignment of the knee are difficult to manage. Arthroplasty, unicompartmental or total knee replacement, may not be appropriate in patients who desire to remain highly active. High tibial osteotomy has been recommended for the treatment of varus osteoarthritis to decrease pressure on the damaged medial compartment.

Purpose: To determine the length of time patients with varus gonarthrosis can avoid knee arthroplasty with chondral resurfacing (microfracture) and medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: From 1995 to 2001, the senior authors performed a medial opening wedge HTO/microfracture in 106 knees (mean age, 52 years; range, 30-71 years). Survivorship was defined as not requiring knee arthroplasty after microfracture and HTO.

Results: At 5 years, survivorship was 97%. At 7 years, survivorship was 91%. Twelve patients proceeded to arthroplasty at a mean of 81 months (range, 19-116 months). Follow-up was obtained for 90% of patients. At most recent follow-up, the mean Lysholm score was 71 (range, 5-100). At 3 years, the mean Lysholm score was 73, Tegner score was 2.8, and patient satisfaction was 7.9. At 5 years, the mean Lysholm score was 73, Tegner score was 3.8, and patient satisfaction was 7.5. At 9 years, the mean Lysholm score was 67, Tegner score was 3.1, and patient satisfaction was 7.5. Patients with medial meniscus injury at surgery were 9.2 times more likely to undergo arthroplasty than patients without (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-13.5; P = .015).

Conclusion: With 91% survivorship at 7 years, microfracture/HTO seems to contribute to a delay of knee replacement in active patients with varus gonarthrosis. Patients who proceeded to knee arthroplasty after combined HTO/microfracture had a mean delay of 81.3 months.
Characterization and thermal behaviour of textile waste from the industrial city of Aleppo in Syria
Authors: Majanny Abdulkader , Nassour Abdallah , Gose Sven , Scholz Reinhard , Nelles Michael
Published: April 2010

This paper describes the present waste management practices in the industrial city Alsheikh Najjar of Aleppo, mainly with regard to textile waste materials, and provides some insights into future prospects. As a first exploration for energy recovery from textile waste materials, the thermal behaviour of seven different types of textile waste were studied by thermogravimetry. There were assorted differential thermogravimetry peaks found over a particular range of temperatures. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out to identify the pyrolysis products such as gas, liquid, and solid residues known as char. In a subsequent analysis, the combustion behaviour of textile waste was determined and analysed. Typical parameters — reaction front velocity, ignition rate — were considered for the evaluation of the combustion behaviour and the results were compared with values observed for waste wood.
Striving for Balance Between Family and Work Demands Among Iranian Nurses
Authors: Lagerström Monica , Josephson Malin , Arsalani Narges , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud
Published: April 2010

The study reported here explored Iranian nurses’ experience of managing work and family roles. Grounded theory method guided the data collection and data analysis from both individual and focus group interviews. Five categories emerged: family role, working conditions, seeking support, perceiving dissatisfaction, and perceiving threats to health. The core concept that emerged was striving for balance between family and work demands. In the work–family role the Iranian nurses faced significant pressures, and they mostly relied on their own capabilities to create balance, often neglecting their own needs. This resulted in perceived dissatisfaction and health threats.
Boundaries and the Culture of Theorizing in Nursing
Authors: Doane Gweneth Hartrick , Varcoe Colleen
Published: April 2010

In this dialogue we direct attention to the way in which each of us (including you the reader) is a knowing practitioner, examining how our ontologies and the cultures we live and create are (and are not) shaping theorizing and ultimately family nursing practice. Questions we explore include: How might closer attention to ontology enhance theorizing in family nursing and healthcare? How might we enlist boundaries and differences as potential lines of joining? How might we engage in theorizing as a unitary act—living the values and ideals we espouse and aspire toward?
Family Healthcare With King’s Theory of Goal Attainment
Authors: Alligood Martha Raile
Published: April 2010

King’s conceptual system and theory of goal attainment provide a systematic approach to the thought and action of nursing that has stood the test of time with continuing utility for organizing the complex factors of healthcare. Following a brief overview of the conceptual system and theory of goal attainment, application to family healthcare is discussed and illustrated with the programs of research of three exemplar King scholars: family healthcare with a mentally-ill child, family healthcare with children with type 1 diabetes or asthma, and family healthcare when a family member has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The scientific benefit and developmental progression of a theory-driven program of research for practice is noted. Future studies are presented as well as additional sources for King’s conceptual system and theory of goal attainment.
Dosing Low Molecular Weight Heparins in Kidney Disease
Authors: Saltiel Manny
Published: April 2010

The low molecular weigh heparins (LMWHs) are primarily eliminated renally, and current literature indicates that there is a reduction in clearance and an increase in half-life of LMWHs in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with elevated anti-Xa levels and an increased risk of bleeding. It therefore becomes clinically prudent to evaluate dosing adjustments in CKD. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), in its 2008 consensus statement, recommends 5 possible approaches to dosing LMWH in patients with severe CKD. In evaluating the individual compounds, enoxaparin, dalteparin, and tinzaparin, this article attempts to address the preferred dosing strategies.
When Going on a Heavenly Journey, Travel Light and Dress Appropriately
Authors: Sulzbach Carla
Published: April 2010

How is it that when people on earth encounter heavenly beings these consistently appear in human guise; yet, when, in turn, humans enter the celestial world these selfsame human visitors seem to take on qualities of angelic beings? Could it be that the properties of the very different environments profoundly affect the nature of both residents and visitors? To answer these questions this article looks at the various texts dealing with epiphanies and heavenly journeys and descents from the perspective of the spaces that form the settings of these narratives. The sample texts will shed light on the correlation between the nature of heavenly angelic/divine and earthly human beings, on the one hand, and the substances that both realms are thought to consist of, on the other. The analysis of the texts will enable us to indicate a structure through which to create a paradigm by which other narratives of human—divine encounters may be tested and understood. In addition, this paradigm will be able to better explain the mechanics of both boundary crossings and transgressions.
The Enochic Son of Man, Psalm 45, and the Book of the Watchers
Authors: Bertalotto Pierpaolo
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discussion around the nature of the Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch. This character was constructed on the base of various texts from the scriptural tradition, among which Ps 45 definitely played a central role, interpreted as prophecies of the coming of a superhuman eschatological protagonist. These texts were combined on the background of the typical elements of the Enochic ideology and of its mythical representation, as they can be inferred especially from the Book of Watchers. The result is an hybrid figure who shares the nature of the archangels and of men. He is therefore represented as a positive counterpart of the Giants, the monstrous offspring of the sinful intercourse between the watchers and the daughters of men and, as a legitimate revealer of the heavenly wisdom, he also appears as a specular opposite of the watchers themselves.
‘ZR’L, The Angel of Death and the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Peter
Authors: Burge S.R.
Published: April 2010

While the angel ‘!Ezrā’ēl, an angel of Hell, appears in the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Peter, the name ‘!Ezrā’ēl remains obscure. Where did this name come from? Islamic tradition may provide the answer, since the same angelic name ‘!Azrā’īl or ‘!Izrā’īl, is a common name for the Angel of Death. This article assesses the history of the use of this name and asks whether Islamic tradition influenced its use in the Ethiopic version of the Apocalypse of Peter. In addition, this study asks whether it is possible also to use the inclusion of the name ‘!Ezrā’ēl as a means of dating the text.