bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Calcium Hexaferrite as Microwave Absorbing Material: Review
Authors: Gahane N. M. , Choudhari Y.D. , Chaware P. J. , Rewatkar K.G.
Published: June 2023

Many studies have been conducted on Spinel, Garnet, and Hexa-ferrites in single and multi-doped concentrations. This article is an attempt to review the researcher's work on Ca, Ba, and Sr hexaferrite by substituting a variety of various ions such as Al, La, Sn, Zr, Co, Cr, and Ir. This review paper investigates M-type (Ca, Sr, Ba) Hexa-ferrites with a space group of P63/mmc that were synthesized using various techniques and characterized by XRD for crystallographic information, SEM and TEM for surface morphology, VSM for magnetic behaviour, and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for microwave absorption properties. Changes in a material's chemical composition affect features such as coercivity, saturation magnetization, and Curie temperature, as well as managing these properties and utilizing these compounds in the field of microwave absorption properties and magnetic field industry.
Effect of para-net shade level on plant microenvironment, growth, and yield of three strawberry varieties
Authors: SUMINARTI NUR EDY , SEBAYANG HUSNI THAMRIN , MAGHFOER MOHAMAD DAWAM , BULAN BULAN
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Suminarti NE, Sebayang HT, Maghfoer MD, Bulan. 2023. Effect of para-net shade level on plant microenvironment, growth, and yield of three strawberry varieties. Biodiversitas 24: 2149-2155. Plant environmental management through the application of para-net shade and the selection of adaptive varieties for strawberry plants has been carried out from March to June 2020 in Jatikerto.The study used a split-plotdesign by placing shade treatments on the main plot consisting of four types, namely without shade (0%), 25% shading, 50% shading, and 75% shading, while the variety treatment was placed in subplots consisting of three kinds, namely Sweet Charlie, California, and Earlibrite varieties.The 5% F test was used to determine the interaction or significant effect of the treatments, while the 5% HSD test was used to determine differences between treatments.The results showed that there was a significant interaction in observing fruit weight per hectare. In the treatment without shade and with 25% shade, the highest fruit weight was produced by the California variety, 1.06 t ha-1,and 0.80 t ha-1, respectively. Whereas at 50% shade, the highest fruit weight per hectare was found in the Sweet Charlie variety, namely 0.66 t ha-1, and at 75% shade, higher yields were found in the Sweet Charlie and Earlibrite varieties, each of 0.65 t ha-1and 0.55 t ha1. Conclusion: California is a fairly tolerant variety to be developed in the Jatikerto area.
The potential of five wild growing aromatic plants from Hemaq Beniung Customary Forest on antidiabetic activity
Authors: KUSPRADINI HARLINDA , PUTRI AGMI SINTA , KISWANTO KISWANTO , SA’ADAH HAYATUS , FAJRIANSYAH FAJRIANSYAH , RIZQULLAH MUHAMMAD AKMAL , LARASATI ANISA GIFTA , ZULFA NAJMIA AFIFAH , EGRA SAAT , YAMAUCHI KOSEI , MITSUNAGA TOHRU
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Kuspradini H, Putri AS, Kiswanto, Sa’adah H, Fajriansyah, Rizqullah MA, Larasati AG, Zulfa NA, Egra S, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. 2023. The potential of five wild growing aromatic plants from Hemaq Beniung Customary Forest on antidiabetic activity. Biodiversitas 24: 2156-2162. Several aromatic plants have been used for millennia across the globe for their hyperglycemic properties. The in vitro inhibitory activity of extracts from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn., Clausena excavata Burm.fil., Neouvaria acuminatissima (Miq.) AiryShaw, and Piper porphyrophyllum N.E.Br. were tested. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituent, total phenolic and flavonoid content of five aromatic plant extracts obtained from West Kutai, East Kalimantan as well as the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity via in vitro assays. Assays for total phenol and flavonoid content were based on Follin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. In this study, the antidiabetic activity was determined by measuring the inhibitory activity of ?-glucosidase enzyme, while the in vitro antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH scavenger method. The order of inhibition of DPPH free radical was P. porphyrophyllum ethanol extract > N. acuminatissima ethanol extract > B. balsamifera ethyl acetate extract, which was found to be directly proportional to their total phenolic content. On the other hand, the order of inhibition of ?-glucosidase enzyme was found to be N. acuminatissima ethanol extract > C. parthenoxylon ethanol extract > N. acuminatissima ethyl acetate extract. Out of the 10 extracts studied, only 3 showed inhibition activity on ?-glucosidase. These findings indicate the aromatic plant extract's potential as a natural therapy for preventing and treating carbohydrate metabolic problems. As a result, the N. acuminatissima ethanol extract, which exhibits both antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of functional foods and herbal medicines. This is our first report on N. acuminatissima as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent.
Pollination biology of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa) at typical Indonesian small-scale farming
Authors: PUTRA RAMADHANI EKA , WIBISANA GUNAWAN , KINASIH IDA , RAFFIUDIN RIKA , SOESILOHADI RC HIDAYAT , PURNOBASUKI HERY
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Putra RE, Wibisana G, Kinasih I, Raffiudin R, Soesilohadi RCH, Purnobasuki H. 2023. Pollination biology of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa) at typical Indonesian small-scale farming. Biodiversitas 24: 2179-2188. Yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa) has been considered one of the potential local fruits targeted as the export commodity of Indonesia. However, this fruit production level is relatively unstable, which lowers their potency as cash crops and makes them secondary fruits for small-scale farmers. One of the possible factors related to this condition is pollination success. This research aimed to study the pollination biology of yellow passion fruit in terms of flower interaction with insects and the morphological aspect of flowers. The observation was conducted in four sites at Kampung Organik Beji, Wonogiri Regency, between January-February 2022. Pollinators' census was done by scan sampling while flower-visiting insect activities were monitored by focal sampling. This study found 26 species of flower-visiting insects which can be grouped into 5 Ordo and 12 Families with moderate diversity index (H’=2.15), evenly distributed (J’=0.66), and low domination (D=0.32). Among identified insects, carpenter bees (Xylocopa latipes), stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps), and Asiatic honey bees (Apis cerana) were considered as pollinators in which X. latipes (Vt=11.81±7.44 second, Fvr=2.41±1.55) visited flower (Vt) on shorter times, and more flower visitation rate (Fvr) than T. laeviceps (Vt=12.36±8.32 second, Fvr=1.10±0.30). Furthermore, this study found that the benefit of natural pollination was better than hand cross-pollination. However, the benefit was hampered by a lack of plant protection and soil fertility management. This study may be applied as baseline information to create pollinator protection zones in the area near the plantation zone to ensure the pollination services for crops.
Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia
Authors: HERWATY SUSY , MALLAWA ACHMAR , NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN , ZAINUDDIN MUKTI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Herwaty S, Mallawa A, Najamuddin, Zainuddin M. 2023. Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2217-2224. Red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider 1801) is a fishery resource with export commodities, high market demand is suspected of causing overfishing and a decrease in stocks, thus threatening its sustainability. This study aims to analyze the red snapper's age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics. Fish samples were collected at the Oeba Fish Landing Base Kupang from April to June 2020. The data analysis were as follows: the descriptively analyzed size structure, age group using the Bhattacharya method, growth parameter values (L? and K) based on the von Bertalanffy equation, and natural mortality using the Pauly and Y/R using the Beverton and Holt methods. The results of the red snapper observation are as follows: the smallest size at 12.8 cm (FL), the largest size at 72.8 cm (FL), the average length at 42.03 cm (FL) ± 16.03, the growth parameter value (L?)=99.40 cm (FL), (K)=0.51 year-1, t0=-0.23018 year-1, the population consisted of two and three age groups, the total mortality value (Z) 1.98 year-1, natural mortality (M) 0.84 year-1, fishing mortality (F) 1.14 year-1, and exploitation rate (E) 0.58 year-1. The actual Y/R value was 0.049, and the relative Y/R was 0.060 grams recruit-year-1. The fishing mortality is higher than the natural mortality value; a high exploitation value (E>0.5) indicates that over-exploitation and stock conditions are unhealthy. The results of this study can be used as a reference in managing red snapper resources in the future.
Metabolomic and sensomic approach to characterize key aroma of aromatic mangoes from Indonesia
Authors: BELGIS MARIA , WITONO YULI , GIYARTO GIYARTO , SADEK NUR FATHONAH , MASRUROH ELOK LUTFI , HERLINA HERLINA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Belgis M, Witono Y, Giyarto, Sadek NF, Masruroh EL, Herlina. 2023. Metabolomic and sensomic approach to characterize key aroma of aromatic mangoes from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2242-2250. Garifta Merah, Garifta Orange, and Agri Gardina 45 are new mango cultivars with a strong aroma and attractive color from Indonesia. This study investigated aromatic constituents and sensory profiles using a combination of metabolomic and sensomic approaches of Garifta Merah, garifta Orange, and Gardina 45. Volatile compounds were extracted using Head Space-Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), then identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory descriptive Rate All That Apply (RATA) and hedonic tests were used for sensory attributes profiling and aroma-liking evaluation. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the predominant volatile compound in all cultivars; however, it was also accompanied by esters in Garifta Orange and Agri Gardina 45. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) classified those cultivars into different groups. Garifta Merah was characterized by higher ?-pinene, while Garifta Orange was characterized by high ethyl butanoate. Agri Gardina was in the separate group characterized by ?-trans ocimene, ethyl butanoate, and isopentyl butanoate. The identified compounds in all cultivars had Odor Active Value (OAV)>1 and correlated to their sensory profile described by assessors. Garifta Orange was perceived to have the highest overall aroma liking among all cultivars. It was presumably due to the high ethyl butanoate content related to the pineapple, mango, fruity, and fermented attributes.
The importance of DNA barcode reference libraries and selection primer pair in monitoring fish diversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: ROESMA DEWI IMELDA , TJONG DJONG HON , SYAIFULLAH SYAIFULLAH , NOFRITA NOFRITA , JANRA MUHAMMAD NAZRI , PRAWIRA FURQAN DWIKI LINTANG , SALIS VIOLA MUTIARA , AIDIL DYTA RABBANI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Roesma DI, Tjong DH, Syaifullah, Nofrita, Janra MN, Prawira FDL,Salis VM, Aidil DR. 2023.The importance of DNA barcode reference libraries and selection primer pair in monitoring fish diversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversitas 24: 2251-2260. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has become an alternative method used for biodiversity monitoring of an ecosystem. The eDNA metabarcoding has advantages compared to the conventional method because it is non-invasive, quick, and requires less cost. However, the effectiveness of the eDNA method is highly dependent on the coverage of the DNA barcode reference and primerpair. A study using the eDNA method was conducted for fish biodiversity monitoring in Singkarak Lake. Two-liter water samples were collected using sterile bottle samples at each sampling site (five sites). The universal primers (Fish FI and Fish R1) used for Next-generation sequencing (GRIDION, Nanopore, Oxford Technologies). The study detected 152 fish species using eDNA metabarcoding. Ten species out of the 30 originally reported in Singkarak Lake were detected using eDNA metabarcoding. The low percentage of fish detected is thought to be due to several factors; incomplete/unavailability of freshwater fish DNA barcodes in Indonesia registered in the database repository, inappropriate primer pair selection, low DNA quality, and the absence of target species DNA in collected water samples. The results demonstrated the significance of correctly registering DNA barcodes to the database and appropriate primer pair selection to identify eDNA metabarcoding. This study provides recommendations using eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring in future work.
Can cities provide butterfly-friendly habitats?
Authors: WINARNI NURUL L. , NURULIAWATI NURULIAWATI , ANUGRA BHISMA G. , JUNAID ACHMAD R. , WIDAYANTI SRI , ASLAN ASLAN , NUGROHO AGUNG , MIGA INDRAWAN , KURNIAWAN MUHAMMAD B. , LIESTANTI MELLISSA , LUTFIANI RIZKA A. , WULANDARI YULIA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Winarni NL, Nuruliawati, Anugra BG, Junaid AR, Widayanti S, Aslan, Nugroho A, Miga I, Kurniawan MB, Liestanti M, Lutfiani RA, Wulandari Y. 2023. Can cities provide butterfly-friendly habitats? Biodiversitas 24: 2334-2341. Cities are progressively changed over time, creating land use changes with reduced green space areas. On the other hand, urban habitats offer a range of opportunities for biodiversity including butterflies which also act as an ecological health indicator. In Indonesia, like Jakarta Greater Area, or the so-called Jabodetabek which comprised Jakarta and its satellite cities, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, is highly urbanized. However, its capabilities to support the butterfly community are still little known. Thus, this paper aims to identify Jakarta Greater Area’s potential as urban habitat for butterflies through a citizen science approach namely KupuKita. The data were collected from June 2021 to November 2022. The survey used KupuKita platform, an online questionnaire established in 2021, which focused on three families, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. Its species richness, diversity and community pattern were analyzed consecutively by using Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s Index. Next, the results were also analyzed towards the vegetation strata (grasses, shrubs, and trees) as observed during the data collection. The results suggested that Jakarta, Tangerang, and Bekasi have the least diverse butterfly community in comparison to Depok and Bogor. The butterfly community in Depok and Bogor was similar, both high in richness and diversity. Such similarity was potentially due to the wide arrays of remaining habitats that supported butterfly communities in three strata. The shrubs support more species richness rather than other strata. Bogor and Depok were potentially support more species in all three strata. Hence, because of the closely plant-butterfly relationships, vegetation interventions are crucial to increase the complexity of vegetation and create a butterfly-friendly habitat.
Physicochemical, thermal properties, and in vitro rumen fermentation of four different underutilized fruit by-products
Authors: FIDRIYANTO RUSLI , PRIADI GUNAWAN , RIDWAN RONI , NAHROWI NAHROWI , JAYANEGARA ANURAGA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Fidriyanto R, Priadi G, Ridwan R, Nahrowi N, Jayanegara A. 2023. Physicochemical, thermal properties, and in vitro rumen fermentation of four different underutilized fruit by-products. Biodiversitas 24: 2416-2425. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of selected agricultural wastes consisting of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel (MGP), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel (PGP), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Peel (KLP), and Melastoma candidum D.Don Fruit (MCF) as ruminant feeds and enteric methane mitigation. The samples were analyzed for proximate, phytochemical, enzyme inhibition activity, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and in vitro rumen fermentation. The study found that MCF had the highest protein content (105.69 g/kg DM), while KLP had the lowest crude fiber (115.89 g/kg DM). MCF extract had the highest total phenol and flavonoid, and PGP extract had the highest enzyme inhibition activity. XRD analysis showed that KLP had the highest crystallinity (18.23%), followed by MCF (17.95%). KLP had the highest potential gas production (147.78 mL), followed by PGP (62.20 mL), MCF (27.86 mL), and MGP (4.46 mL). In addition, rumen digestibility, post-rumen digestibility, and VFA followed a similar pattern. The lowest methane production was observed in MGP and MCF. In conclusion, kaffir lime peel is potentially used as ruminant feed due to its higher digestibility and VFA production. Although MCF has lower digestibility, it is potentially used as a source of phenolic compounds to reduce methane production due to its higher phenolic and flavonoid content.
Vegetation composition, diversity, stand structure, and carbon storage of Lolkisale Village Land Forest Reserve in the Northeastern part of Tanzania
Authors: MWAKALUKWA EZEKIEL EDWARD , MWAKISU ANDREW , MADUNDO SAMI , MALIONDO SALIM MOHAMMED SALIM
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Mwakalukwa EE, Mwakisu A, Madundo S, Maliondo SMS. 2023. Vegetation composition, diversity, stand structure, and carbon storage of Lolkisale Village Land Forest Reserve in the Northeastern part of Tanzania. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 79-90. Little is known about the effects of human activities on the condition of the Lolkisale Village land Forest reserve located in Monduli District, Arusha region, in the northeastern part of Tanzania. This study assessed the status of woody species diversity, composition, structure, and available potential of the forest on carbon storage. The vegetation data were collected from 33 concentric sample plots of 5 m, 15 m, and 20 m radius laid systematically across the forest area of 960 ha. A total of 58 plant species belonging to 30 families were identified. Diversity indices have indicated a high woody species diversity in the forest reserve. The most important species were Commiphora schimperi (O.Berg) Engl., Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch., Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, and Combretum molle R.Br. ex G. Don. Stand structure comprises 190 ± 117 stems ha-1, basal area of 7.68 ± 5.17m2ha-1 and standing volume of 64.04 ± 45.85 m3ha-1, while the mean above-ground carbon stocks and the mean below-ground carbon stocks were 19.55 ± 13.38 Mg C ha-1 and 3.91 ± 2.68 Mg C ha-1 respectively. Generally, the reserve was found to be in good condition. The observed high diversity of woody species signifies the importance of legally protecting this area as a village land forest reserve. In addition, quantifying other carbon pools, such as soil, dead wood, and surface litter, should be considered for estimating this forest's total carbon stock potential. In this regard, measures to control the use of the forest as a grazing area would be useful to allow new regrowth and young trees to attain maturity stages without being interfered with by the livestock.
Anti-nephrotoxic activity of aqueous extract of polyherbal mixture against renal toxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats
Authors: ABU MICHAEL SUNDAY , MASHI RUKAIYAT LAWAL , LAWAL JAMILA YAHAYA , SAMUEL OYEBISI SUNDAY
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Abu MS, Mashi RL, Lawal JY, Samuel OS. 2023. Anti-nephrotoxic activity of aqueous extract of polyherbal mixture against renal toxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 112-117. Medicinal plant materials as sources of therapeutic compounds continue to play an important role in maintaining human health for ages. This study investigated the effect of polyherbal extract (Carica papaya L., Allium sativum L., Curcuma longa L., and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) on urea, creatinine, sodium ion, potassium ion, and chloride ion concentrations, and body weight of Wistar rats intoxicated with paracetamol. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly distributed into six groups, with five in each group. Group 1 is the normal control group; Group 2 is the negative control group (paracetamol-induced but untreated); Group 3 received 140 mgkg-1 of silymarin; Groups 4, 5, and 6 received 100, 300, and 500 mgkg-1 body of the aqueous polyherbal extract respectively for seven days. Therefore, the blood samples were collected and evaluated for creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions concentrations to measure kidney function. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of the polyherbal mixture significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the kidney function test parameters that were analyzed by lowering their concentrations previously elevated by the paracetamol intoxication comparable with the normal control rats. Therefore, it can be concluded that the polyherbal mixture extract expressed an anti-nephrotoxic effect against renal toxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats.
Nanoscale plasmonic combinational logic circuits based on an elliptical resonator
Authors: Alali Mohammed J. , Raheema Mithaq Nama , Alwahib Ali A.
Published: June 2023

The half-adder (HA) and half-subtractor (HS) plasmonic combinational
logic circuits are explained using a finite element method with a
COMSOL software package. The combinational circuits are created using
insulator-metal-insulator technology with nanoscale plasmonic
structures. In order to achieve an excellent transmission value, the
phase angle of optical waves and the position of the control and input
ports are the more crucial elements. In this design, the nanoscale
combinational circuits are realized at a 35% transmission threshold to
distinguish between the logic “0” and logic “1” stand on the
interference between the input and control ports with 540nm×250nm dimensions and an 850 nm
resonant wavelength. The modulation depth, contrast ratio, and
insertion loss have 97.38%, and 11.84 and 3.3 dB for the HA,
and they have 92.38%, and 7.12 and −1.41dB for the HS, respectively.
Characteristics of textured polishing wheels (TPW) for dry fixed abrasive polishing fused silica
Authors: Yang Wei , Chen Chaoxu , Zhu Fanwei
Published: June 2023

Dry fixed abrasive process integrates chemical reaction and ductile removal into one process and shows advantages against the conventional loose abrasive polishing in efficiency, geometric controllability, and waste disposal. However, it is worth noting that the wear and cutting temperatures encountered during the dry fixed abrasive process are areas that require further improvement. This manuscript develops TPWs with 3 surface textures (spiral, linear, and radial) on the sintered polishing wheel. The influence of TPWs on material removal depth and surface roughness for fused silica during the polishing process is investigated. The results indicate that the TPWs have the comparable material removal depth of the non-grooved polishing wheel while slightly increasing the surface roughness. However, it not only alleviates wheel wear but also improves the thermodynamics of airflow and chip removal in the polishing wheel, thus preventing surface the wheel burning. Through experimental research, the TPW with spiral-shape demonstrates the best performance with a material removal rate of 4.2657 μm/h and a surface roughness of approximately 3.0 nm.
HAT: Hypergraph analysis toolbox
Authors: Pickard Joshua , Chen Can , Salman Rahmy , Stansbury Cooper , Kim Sion , Surana Amit , Bloch Anthony , Rajapakse Indika
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in biological technologies, such as multi-way chromosome conformation capture (3C), require development of methods for analysis of multi-way interactions. Hypergraphs are mathematically tractable objects that can be utilized to precisely represent and analyze multi-way interactions. Here we present the Hypergraph Analysis Toolbox (HAT), a software package for visualization and analysis of multi-way interactions in complex systems.
Gender and zoonotic pathogen exposure pathways in a resource-limited community, Mpumalanga, South Africa: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Oruganti Pallavi , Root Elisabeth , Ndlovu Violet , Mbhungele Philemon , Van Wyk Ilana , Berrian Amanda M.
Published: June 2023

The Mnisi community is a livestock-dependent community neighboring the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in South Africa. Here, zoonotic pathogens contribute to as many as 77% of cases of acute febrile illness. Previous gender-disaggregated analysis in the community has shown that men and women have different risks of zoonotic illness, suggesting that exposure routes for zoonotic infections should be further explored to inform gender-sensitive risk mitigation strategies. Using a One Health approach and ethnographic methodology, we examined interactions between community residents, domestic animals, and the built and natural environment to investigate potential exposure pathways for zoonotic infections from a gendered perspective. We combined data from direct household observations and focus group discussions on previously identified gendered tasks such as domestic animal care, water collection, and food preparation, and how and by whom these tasks were performed. We noted gender differences for household tasks, animal care duties, and environmental exposure. Both men and women access grazing land but for different tasks (water collection—females, cattle grazing—males), and both men and women experience more time in the bush in recent years due to decreased water availability. From observations, it was noted that men wore covered protective work clothes (such as long trousers and closed-toe shoes) more commonly than women did; women did not often wear these for household duties including water collection in the bush. We recommend that these gender-typed roles serve as critical control points for zoonotic pathogen exposure. For example, tick-bite exposure prevention should be directed at both men and women based on their daily activities, but prevention in men should target exposure from cattle and prevention in women should focus on personal protective measures during water and firewood collection. These findings can contribute to a more detailed understanding of the role of human behavior and critical control points for zoonotic disease—a significant contributor to acute febrile illness in this rural, resource-limited setting.
Spatial analysis of the epidemiological risk of leprosy in the municipalities of Minas Gerais
Authors: Bueno Isabela de Caux , Lages Daniele dos Santos , Lana Francisco Carlos Felix
Published: June 2023

Background

Leprosy remains a significant public health problem of high importance. This investigation aims to analyze the spatial distribution of the leprosy epidemiological risk in the municipalities of Minas Gerais.

Methods

This ecological study was conducted with new leprosy cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2019 in the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais. Based on the epidemiological indicators, a composite indicator called the leprosy epidemiological risk index was estimated, classifying municipalities as high, medium, low and very low risk. For the spatial analysis, the global and local spatial autocorrelation statistics were used to identify the spatial distribution of the leprosy epidemiological risk in the periods 2004–2011 and 2012–2019 and classified as High/High, Low/Low, High/Low and Low /High.

Results

Although leprosy is declining in the state of Minas Gerais, the Global Moran Index confirmed the spatial dependence between municipalities for the two analyzed periods, characterizing the formation of clusters. When performing the local spatial autocorrelation, it was found that the macroregions with the highest number of municipalities with high indices, surrounded by other municipalities with high indices (high-high), were Northwest, East, South East, North, and Northeast. The low risk macroregions were Southeast, Center, South-Center and South.

Conclusion

Leprosy has a heterogeneous spatial pattern and remains concentrated in historically endemic areas of the state. It underscores the importance of intensifying actions to combat leprosy in these municipalities and macroregions. Promote improved access to health services and combat stigma and prejudice to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem.
Prevalence of HIV, risk behaviours and vulnerabilities of female sex partners of the HIV positive people who inject drugs (PWID) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Md. Masud , Rana A. K. M. Masud , Morshed Khan Mohammad Niaz , Safiullah Sarker Md. , Chowdhury Sujan , Uddin Md. Ziya , Rahman Lima , Chowdhury Mohammad Ezazul Islam , Taher Md. Abu , Khan Sharful Islam
Published: June 2023

Background

The HIV epidemic in Bangladesh is largely being driven by people who inject drugs (PWID) and mainly concentrated in Dhaka city. Intregrated biological and behavioural survey (IBBS) data of 2016 showed that a considerable percentage of the HIV positive PWID had unsafe sex with their female sex partners. Prevalence of HIV, risk behaviorus and vulnerabilities among the female sex partners of the PWID still remain unexplored.

Methods

To measure HIV prevalence, risk behaviours (drugs/injection/sexual) and vulnerabilities (treatment of and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/uptake of the routine HIV testing and HIV prevention services/physical and sexual violence), a quantitative survey was conducted among 227 female sex partners of the HIV positive PWID in Dhaka city in 2019 by adopting a take-all sampling technique.

Results

The median age of participants was 34.0 years. Prevalence of HIV was 16.7% (95% CI: 12.4–22.2). Only 6.8% to 18.7% of the participants used condoms consistently with different male sex partners; only 6.8%cto 18.7% during last year. Seventy five percent (95% CI: 69.2–80.8) had no knowledge on STI symptoms. Self-reported symptoms of STIs were reported by 26% (95% CI: 20.7–32.1) and half sought treatment during last year. Nineteen percent (95% CI: 14.7–25.1) had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. As part of the routine HIV prevention services by the PWID drop-in-centres (DICs), 42.7% (95% CI: 36.4–49.3) of the participants were tested for HIV and knew their result within the last year. One-third never received HIV prevention services. During the last one year preceding the survey, 46% (95% CI: 39.3–52.6) reported been beaten and 20.2% (95% CI: 15.3–26.1) been raped.

Conclusion

It is urgently necessary to consider the high-risk behaviours and vulnerabilities in designing or to strengthen targeted interventions for female sex partners of the HIV positive PWID in Dhaka city to ensure equality in accessing and utilization of services.
The influence of personality on psychological safety, the presence of stress and chosen professional roles in the healthcare environment
Authors: Grailey Kate , Lound Adam , Murray Eleanor , Brett Stephen J.
Published: June 2023

Healthcare teams are expected to deliver high quality and safe clinical care, a goal facilitated by an environment of psychological safety. We hypothesised that an individual’s personality would influence psychological safety, perceived stressors in the clinical environment and confer a suitability for different professional roles. Staff members were recruited from the Emergency or Critical Care Departments of one National Health Service Trust. Qualitative interviews explored participants’ experiences of personality, incorporating quantitative surveys to evaluate psychological safety and perceived stressors. The 16 Primary Factor Assessment provided a quantitative measure of personality. Participants demonstrated midrange scores for most personality traits, highlighting an ability to adapt to changing environments and requirements. There was a signal that different personality traits predominated between the two professional groups, and that certain traits were significantly associated with higher psychological safety and certain perceived stressors. Personality was described as having a strong influence on teamwork, the working environment and leadership ability. Our analysis highlights that personality can influence team dynamics and the suitability of individuals for certain clinical roles. Understanding the heterogeneity of personalities of team members and their likely responses to challenge may help leaders to support staff in times of challenge and improve team cohesiveness.
Nostalgia for utopia in the films of Theo Angelopoulos
Authors: Makriyannakis Vangelis
Published: June 2023

In this article, I examine the notion of nostalgia in relation to the films of Theo Angelopoulos. I argue that the image of nostalgia that pervades his films does not call for the restoration of the past but rather lends itself to a sense of hope which I approach as an image of utopia. Drawing a line of comparison between Angelopoulos and the Greek poet George Seferis (who had a pivotal role in the shaping of a modern Greek identity and whose images of melancholy were recurrent points of reference for the director), I claim that Angelopoulos’s films are haunted by an image of utopia which is registered as a possibility in the present rather than an abstract projection into the future. Unlike Seferis’s nostalgia which is directly related to the fate of the nation, in Angelopoulos’s work the past returns to foreshadow a utopia beyond the frame of the nation state and away from the figuration of a one-way future projected by the capitalist social relations of the present.
The ‘face(book)-ache’ of alternative media: Probing Greek grassroots media strategies in the age of the social web
Authors: Vatikiotis Pantelis , Milioni Dimitra L.
Published: June 2023

The present study explores the broad alternative media realm, employing the metaphor of media ecology to address the intersection between varieties of activism and different media, and draws on the mediation paradigm to explore the appropriation of digital media by diverse alternative media producers. At the empirical level, the study evaluates the positions and tactics of Greek grassroots media in the age of the social web probing grassroots media producers’ discourses and concerns over the employment of digital technologies. It reflects on controversial issues raised in regard to the enhancement and enrichment of the media-locus of resistance in the digital era, and discusses challenges and limitations raised by the employment of corporate social media in the Greek alternative mediascape.
Agnosti Chora: Ellada kai Dysi stis Arches tou 20ou Aiona (‘Unknown country: Greece and the west at the beginning of the twentieth century’), Effi Gazi (2020)
Authors: Pateridou Georgia
Published: June 2023

Review of: Agnosti Chora: Ellada kai Dysi stis Arches tou 20ou Aiona (‘Unknown country: Greece and the west at the beginning of the twentieth century’), Effi Gazi (2020)

Athens: Polis, 354 pp.,

ISBN 978-960-435-735-2, p/bk, €20
Atovaquone exerts its anticancer effect by inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase ion transport in canine cancer cells
Authors: Alharbi Yousef
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: New anticancer drugs are being developed to avoid the toxicity and chemoresistance of the currently available drugs. The Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-malarial drug atovaquone is known to act as a selective oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor in the mitochondria by competing with CO Q10 (mitochondrial complex II and III). This study aimed to investigate the effect of atovaquone by examining the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in various canine cell lines.

Materials and Methods: Canine cell lines were treated with various concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM) of atovaquone for 24, 48, and 72 h. Human cell lines were used as a control to validate the canine cancer cell lines. The activities of the drugs against the cancer cell lines were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl- 2H-tetrazolium bromideassay. The cell metabolic activity was determined by measuring the activities of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes. The NKA activity was measured using the single-cell patch clamping assay.

Results: Atovaquone-induced apoptosis by elevating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor cells, leading to cell death. Treatment of canine cancer cells with N-acetylcysteine (ROS inhibitor) reduced the activity of the drug. Furthermore, atovaquone inhibited more than 45% of the NKA ion current.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated effects of atovaquone against canine cancer cell lines. The data may prove beneficial in repurposing the drug as a new anticancer agent in canine clinical trials, which might aid in fighting human cancer.

Keywords: atovaquone, electrophysiology, Na+/K+-ATPase, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, plumbagin.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a University Population: Differences Between Faculty, Administrative Staff and Students.
Authors: Lozano-Casanova Mar , Martinez-Sanz Jose Miguel , Sospedra Isabel , Hurtado José Antonio , Ortiz-Moncada Rocío , Laguna-Pérez Ana , Norte Aurora
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Globally, 31% of deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are many factors that can influence CVD that can be useful for determining if a population is at risk; these factors include stress, occupation, and lifestyle. Objective: to identify and compare the prevalence of CVD risk factors among those attending a university clinic for nutritional advice.
Methodology: the sample of this cross-sectional study included the teaching and research staff (Faculty), people working in administration and services (ASS) and students. The risk factors of obesity/overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes type 2, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking were quantified for 98 university students, faculty and staff.
Results: It was found that 80% of the sample had one or more of the CVD risks, furthermore, more than 50% had over three of the risk factors. Those particularly at risk were the individuals within the Faculty group with a (p<0.05) prevalence of having three of the risk components compared to the rest of the population. However, those within the ASS group were identified to live a more sedentary lifestyle compared to the Faculty (p<0.05). Within this sample population differences could be found for the prevalence of CVD risk factors.
Conclusions: To be able to provide preventative measures and protect those who are most vulnerable it is crucial to be able to pinpoint these differences within a population.
Funding. M. Lozano-Casanova are supported by a FPU grant number: FPU21/04232 by the Ministerio de Universidades.
Latent Classes of Basic Psychological Need Changes of Elementary School Students and Their Differences in Learning
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, OH Donghyuk , Kim Jihye , Lee Woogul
Published: June 2023

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to classify elementary school students considering the changes in basicpsychological need satisfaction and to examine the differences in achievement emotions, self-monitoring,and academic achievement depending on the classification. We sought to identify what basic psychologicalneeds are critical in classifying these students and how the students classified into each class were differentin styles of learning. Methods: We analyzed the data of 179 sixth graders, which was collected once a week for fiveweeks during science classes in the spring semester of 2019. We classified the students simultaneouslyconsidering the changes in autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction using multidimensionalgrowth mixed modeling. We also examined predictive and outcome variables. Results: Students were classified into three latent classes named Class 1 (normal level/stable; 70%),Class 2 (high level/increasing; 22%), and Class 3 (normal level/decreasing in competence; 8%). Thestudents showed stable, increasing, or decreasing patterns in competence satisfaction depending ontheir latent class, while all students showed relatively high levels of autonomy and relatednesssatisfaction. The students of Class 2 generally showed positive patterns in terms of achievementemotions and self-monitoring. Though the differences between Class 1 and Class 3 were minimal,at some time points, Class 3 was worse in terms of achievement emotions while Class 1 was worsein terms of self-monitoring. Conclusion: This study showed that changes in competence satisfaction were critical in classifyingelementary school students. This could be because of the characteristics of science classes in the uppergrades of elementary school when this study was conducted. In the light and lens unit, because therewere many group activities and student-led experiments, students could experience high levels ofautonomy and relatedness. However, because of these characteristics, some students could perceivethis type of classes as being difficult and burdensome and therefore experience persistent competencefrustration. Appropriate guidance and feedback are thus important to have those students experiencecompetence satisfaction.
A Study on Moral Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Focusing on the Distinction and Application of Ethics of Artificial Moral Agent (AMA)
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Sin Dong Eui
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultimate difference and limitations between humans and machines while addressing the most heated controversy in the era of artificial intelligence, particularly the question of “Can machines think?”, which is considered a critical issue in moral education in the age of artificial intelligence. Methods: To this end, the direction of moral education in the AI era is sought through analysis and reflective discourse on literature materials related to digital technologies such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence (AI), big data and machine learning. Results: From the perspective of moral education in the era of artificial intelligence, this study discusses the classification of Artificial Moral Agents (AMA) and the application of ethics, focusing on reflective discourse on science and technological civilization. In other words, it examines three principles of machine construction based on Stuart Russell’s belief in “beneficial machines” from the perspective of “preference”, presents Moors four stages of AMAs, and addresses the concept of explicit ethical agents in the third stage. Additionally, it explores Heidegger's critique of technological civilization and discusses creativity in relation to the controversies surrounding artificial intelligence. Conclusion: Based on this, the present study explored the potential application of moral education in artificial intelligence through the question “Can machines think?”, which can be a core topic in the field of artificial intelligence.
Comparative analysis of achievement standards related to digital citizenship in the 2015 and 2022 revised special education curriculum
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Chol Jeehae , Kim Minkyeong , Ju Soyeong
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore educational implications by comparing and analyzingachievement standards related to digital citizenship in the 2015 and 2022 special education curriculumand to present directions for digital citizenship education for special need students in the future. Methods: In this study, digital citizenship-related subjects of the 2015 and 2022 revised specialeducation curriculum were selected and analyzed using the analysis framework of previous studiesrelated to digital citizenship. In addition, in order to confirm the reliability and validity of the analysisresults, reliability between analysts and expert content validity were executed. Results: It was found that the achievement standards related to digital citizenship increased in the2022 revised basic special education curriculum compared to the 2015 revised special educationcurriculum. According to the analysis results by subject, the Korean language department was themost frequent in the 2015 revised special education curriculum, but the information and communicationutilization department was the most frequent in the 2022 revised special education curriculum. Asfor the results of the analysis by school level, the high school level was the highest in both the 2015and 2022 revised basic curriculum of special education. The results of the analysis by digital citizenshiparea showed a high proportion of functional areas in both the 2015 and 2022 special educationcurriculum, and the results of the analysis by subtype showed the highest rational digital communicationability in the functional area. Conclusion: First, special teachers should recognize the digital society, be interested in preventingpeople with developmental disabilities from being alienated from the digital world, and develop theireducational capabilities. Second, in special education, it is necessary to conduct basic research ondigital citizenship by life cycle, such as a study on selecting digital citizenship education contentssuitable for the characteristics of special education subjects from elementary school level to adults. Third, special teachers should design classes so that they can become holistic digital civic education.
Public Subsidies and Cooperation in Research and Development. Evidence from the LAB
Authors: Acconcia Antonio , Beraldo Sergio , Capuano Carlo , Stimolo Marco
Published: June 2023

We implement an experimental design based on a duopoly game in order to analyse the impact of public subsidies on the willingness to cooperate in research and development (R&D) activities. We first implement six experimental markets by exogenously varying the level of knowledge spillovers (low or high) and the intensity of competition in the product market (low, intermediate, or high). We find that the probability of cooperation increases in the level of spillovers and decreases in that of market competition. We then replicate the six experimental markets by subsidising subjects who cooperate. Whenever they are sufficient to change the incentive structure of the game, subsidies substantially increase the probability of cooperation, causing, however, a reduction of R&D investments. Overall, our evidence suggests that, depending on the characteristics of the market, the provision of subsidies is not always desirable. These might be redundant because firms have sufficient private incentives to invest cooperatively in R&D, or even counterproductive, as they might induce firms to significantly reduce R&D investments compared to the noncooperative scenario.
Predicting buoyant jet characteristics: a machine learning approach
Authors: Hassanzadeh Hossein , Joshi Saptarshi , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad
Published: June 2023

We study positively buoyant miscible jets through high-speed imaging and planar laser-induced fluorescence methods, and we rely on supervised machine learning techniques to predict jet characteristics. These include, in particular, predictions to the laminar length and spread angle, over a wide range of Reynolds and Archimedes numbers. To make these predictions, we use linear regression, support vector regression, random forests, K-nearest neighbour, and artificial neural network algorithms. We evaluate the performance of the aforementioned models using various standard metrics, finding that the random forest algorithm is the best for predicting our jet characteristics. We also discover that this algorithm outperforms a recent empirical correlation, resulting in a significant increase in accuracy, especially for predicting the laminar length.