bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment among Malaysian Multi-Purpose Vehicle’s Driver
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd H. , Raja M. Raja M. , Mazlan Nor A. I. , Azinee S. N. , Mohamed Kamrol A. , Roslan Ummi N. , Che O. Che M. , Norsilawati N. , Awang Mohd E. , Basir Mohd H.
Published: March 2023

Conditions of comfort driving may be perceived differently by drivers with different physical built or gender where right sitting position plays a big element in maintaining body health. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze anthropometric data of Multi-Purpose Vehicle’s (MPV) driver using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique. RULA was performed on various MPVs seats.  The outcome of this study indicated that seating posture among the Malaysian MPVs driver are not fully fit into the MPVs driver’s seat and required further investigation. This outcome suggested for further advanced research be conduct in the future.
Foreign Body Ingestion - A Case of a Tablespoon in the Oesophagus of a 48-Year-old Man
Authors: Egbunu Emmanuel O. , Elendu Chukwuka , Chukwuonye Arinze F. , Okine Oghenemaro , Okine Denis , P. Amosu Opeyemi , Ogunlade Oluwatobi O.
Published: March 2023

Foreign body in the esophagus is a common emergency presentation. A thorough history and systematic examination are followed by relevant investigations in the treatment of a patient with a foreign body in the esophagus.  However, there is considerable disagreement about which treatment option is best for such patients. This review aims to develop a comprehensive approach towards patients presenting with foreign body ingestion by creating clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines, which are based on a review of the literature, cover not only the initial assessment of the patient but also the various management options and their benefits, limitations, and suitability for use in different situations.
Effect of Wheat Straw along with Different Botanicals on Growth and Yield of Pleurotus florida (Oyster Mushroom)
Authors: Annem Karthik Reddy , Kumari Kajol , Simon Sobita
Published: March 2023

The present investigation entitled “Effect of wheat straw along with different botanicals on the growth and yield of Pleurotus florida (Oyster mushroom)” was carried out in the Mushroom Crop Room and Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted by using wheat straw as base substrate with different leaves. The experiment’s objective was to evaluate the effect of cultivation, substrates viz., wheat straw, bamboo, jamun, beal, drumstick, maize and banana leaves respectively, for the growth and yield of Pleurotus florida (Oyster Mushroom) on different combinations of substrate. The Experiment was conducted during July 2021 in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD) with five replications and seven treatments. Spawn running, appearance of pinhead and formation of mature fruiting body took less time i.e. 16 days, 18 days and 20 days respectively on T6 (Wheat straw + Maize leaves) in comparision to other treatments. Width of pilus and length of stipe showed significant increase i.e. 9.46 cm and 7.67cm respectively, were recorded on T5 (Wheat straw + Banana leaves). Significant yield i.e. 469.87 gram was recorded on T5 (Wheat straw + Banana leaves). Wheat straw substrate with banana leaves were proven to be the best economical substrate with B:C of 1.73.
The death instinct
Authors: Nyemecz Monique , Appel Stephen
Published: March 2023

Freud's concept of the death instinct is revisited and related to current research in cell biology and psychoneuroimmunology. Freud argued that externalisation of the death instinct in the form of aggressive and destructive expression is necessary in order to protect against our primary impulse to self-destruction. The implications of suppression-repression for disease development and/or progression are discussed from a psychoanalytic and empirical research perspective.
Symptom and fantasy
Authors: Restivo Gustavo
Published: March 2023

The paper uses a clinical vignette to discuss Lacan's re-working of Freud's conceptualisation of "symptom." It traces the relationship of symptoms seen at the beginning of an analysis, and the original fantasy traversed in its final stages.
Blogging as self-therapy?
Authors: Tan Leon , Holmes Lucy
Published: March 2023

America Online's 2005 survey reported the startling finding that almost fifty percent of bloggers blog as a form of self therapy —a finding that went relatively un-noticed within the psychotherapeutic and psychological communities. Given the rather significant global population of bloggers and readers, and the seemingly intractable problem of mental illness worldwide (according to the World Health Organisation, the global burden of mental illness accounts for more than the burden of all cancers put together), the possibility of blogging as a self therapy deserves greater attention. Research investigating the health possibilities of blogs holds particular promise, at least for those disposed to writing and those working with patients who write. This paper addresses the question of how one might blog as a form of self therapy by constructing a portrait of a research participant blogging as self therapy, based on an interview conducted with the participant in May 2007.
To stand sitting!
Authors: Von Sommaruga Howard Teresa
Published: March 2023

This paper was written as a way of making sense of my experience as the conductor of the large group. In taking on this role I assume that I am expected to pay attention to all communications including receiving and digesting those that are not yet consciously acknowledged. The hope is that by taking this position, unacknowledged painful material can be contained until the group is ready to receive it in a less toxic form just as Winnicott described the 'good- enough' mother providing for her baby. Timing is essential to the process so is an ongoing relationship. In the large group the intention is that most people will eventually grasp the 'social soup' (Solomon, 2006, p. 56.) that unconsciously restricts and influences their lives.
In this conference the large group was a central experience and touched some deep and painful places. The aim was to provide an opportunity to weave our living stories together as a way of encountering our bicultural history together. As the time we had was so short, I found it difficult to make sense of what was happening there and then. Consequently it became almost imperative for me to find a way of understanding the experience afterwards. The more I thought and worked with the material, the clearer it became to me that this large group appeared to manifest aspects of the shameful colonial history of Aotearoa New Zealand. What emerged from what was said and enacted gave some clues about what Volkan has called 'the chosen trauma'. Strong feelings connected to what Māori 'thought they gave and what the coloniser claimed' has been unconsciously transmitted through the generations as a result of this original 'abyss' (Walker, 1990, p. 96) of misunderstandings inextricably linked to the Treaty of Waitangi.
As I describe this process, I introduce some theoretical ideas about projective identification and its role in transmitting trauma across the generations through the social unconscious, the role of the conductor in group-analytic large groups, scapegoating and some thoughts about our journey towards a more authentic bicultural position in NZAP. I am very aware that my role as both an outsider, coming from the UK, and an insider, having grown up in New Zealand as an immigrant, places me in a unique position symbolically. Throughout the paper I refer to myself as the 'Representative of the Crown'. In this symbolic role, I was enabled to take in three different experiences, how it feels to be an immigrant now, how it feels to be a colonised people in your own land and how it feels to be a descendent of those original colonising invaders. What emerged felt unspeakably painful so I hope this paper can be read as a step in acknowledging our 'difficult difference' (Wedde 2005).
From relational hunger to intimacy
Authors: Salisbury Robyn
Published: March 2023

This paper was first given as my "personal story" to a bicultural hui called "Weaving our Living Stories", facilitated by the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists (NZAP) and Awhina Maori healers in March 2007. There was also a sub theme — an exploration of ethical intimacy and erotic transference — that each story-teller was asked to address. With this combination, the personal is embedded within a synthesis of the current international expertise on the development of the capacity for intimacy in adult sexual relationship.
Rubber, Natural
Authors: Kawahara Seiichi
Published: March 2023

In this article, a newly discovered nanostructure, that is, island‐nanomatrix structure, of natural rubber is introduced after reviewing previous studies on the structure of natural rubber. The reason why the structures of ω‐ and α‐terminal groups of natural rubber have not been elucidated, yet, is described in relation to the island‐nanomatrix structure. In addition, the effects of the proteins and phospholipids that are constituents of the island‐nanomatrix structure on mechanical properties, degradation, crystallinity, and vulcanization of natural rubber are comprehensively described by comparing them with those reported in the literatures. Furthermore, the structures ofcis‐1,4‐polyisoprenes obtained from various plants and natural rubber prepared by various manufacturing processes are discussed in relation to their mechanical properties.
Linguistic Landscape Studies
Authors: Gorter Durk
Published: March 2023

Linguistic landscape research is an emerging field of applied linguistics. In recent years, increasing numbers of researchers have analyzed the texts on signs in public spaces in different sociolinguistic contexts around the world. These contexts are predominantly urban and multilingual. Current research covers a series of innovative empirical and theoretical studies that deal with important themes such as language policy, the spread of English, minority languages, multimodality, and other issues such as language ecology, tourism, graffiti, and economic analysis. Collecting data about the linguistic landscape has become a significant research tool as well as an important data source for studies of multilingualism. Overall, the various emerging perspectives in linguistic landscape studies are an additional source of information about multilingual and multimodal processes and can deepen our understanding of multilingualism, urban spaces, and language users. Linguistic landscape studies will certainly get more attention in the coming years as the results of several ongoing projects become available. Many questions are still open, and there is a need for further data, refinement of methodologies, foundation of theories, and useful applications.
Translation and Interpreting: Mixed‐Methods Research
Authors: Han Chao
Published: March 2023

Translation and interpreting (T&I) studies is interdisciplinary by nature, drawing on theories and methods from various fields to investigate T&I‐related phenomena. Mixed‐methods research (MMR) therefore has an important role to play in such interdisciplinary exploration. This entry focuses on the practice of MMR by T&I researchers. Importantly, it foregrounds and describes a number of prominent studies that analyze and review MMR in T&I. The general state of affairs is that MMR enjoys a relatively higher prevalence rate in T&I studies than expected, but its philosophical underpinnings and design rationales are rarely stated in an explicit manner. In addition, one particular MMR design—the conversion design—seems to be favored by T&I researchers, which typically involves transforming qualitative data into quantitative data (i.e., quantitizing). Furthermore, parallel mixed designs are more popular than sequential mixed designs. The potential downsides of these practices are then discussed, and suggestions are provided with the aim to raising awareness and enhancing future practice of MMR in T&I studies.
Humor and Irony
Authors: Bell Nancy D.
Published: March 2023

Once seen as peripheral, the study of humor and irony has become well established in applied linguistics. The pervasiveness of humor across most types of interaction is now well acknowledged, which has led to a body of rich descriptions of its mechanisms and uses. The aim of this entry is to review these findings and to examine how these foundational descriptions are currently being expanded into new contexts, languages, and types of interaction. Furthermore, the functions of humor in the second language (L2) classroom, as well as their use and understanding by emergent bilinguals, are reviewed.
Identity in Second Language Pragmatics Research
Authors: Ishihara Noriko
Published: March 2023

Under the influence of identity scholarship in applied linguistics, investigations of the role of identity in L2 pragmatics have been underway since the mid‐1990s. Most prominent is the poststructuralist orientation, which views identity as dynamic, fluid, complex, and multifaceted, sometimes even contradictory, and discursively constructed under the influence of power. The relationship between identity and pragmatics has now been documented in a growing body of research showing that identities and pragmatic language uses are mutually constitutive, with identity influencing pragmatic choices, while pragmatic and discursive negotiation simultaneously shapes identity enactment. Learners exercise agency, even if they also experience identity struggles in relation to power, by accepting or being coerced into accepting the positionings imposed by the sociocultural structure. As a result of multilingual turns in applied linguistics, learners and nonnative speakers, conventionally constructed through deficient characteristics, can be reconceptualized as translinguals who mix and mesh named languages through translanguaging, interweaving their resources in their repertoire for unique rhetorical effects and intricate meaning‐making as part of their hybrid identity negotiation. This entry also discusses implications of this development for pedagogy and teacher education in order for learners and teachers to strategically deploy their multilingual agency in intercultural interactions and language education.
Prosody and Pragmatics in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Kostromitina Maria , Kermad Alyssa
Published: March 2023

Prosodic properties of a language bear multiple functions. One of such functions is to signal pragmatic meaning in spoken discourse. Speakers produce various prosodic patterns to achieve communicative goals by placing prominence onto selected syllables; changing the speed of their speech; or using rising, falling, or level tones. This relationship between prosodic patterns and discourse is fundamental to interpreting pragmatic meaning and, as such, has been observed in several pragmatic discourse elements including speech acts, (dis)agreements, and feedback markers by first (L1) and second (L2) language speakers across languages. This entry defines the relationship between prosody and pragmatics in discourse and provides a brief overview of the current research at the pragma–prosodic interface. It focuses on the prosody of speech acts, highlighting the differences in L1 and L2 perception and production of prosody. Important constructs related to pragma–prosodic success are highlighted. The entry concludes with an appraisal of the current literature and an outline of directions for future research and pedagogical applications for L2 instruction.
English in Korea—Korean English—A World Englishes Perspective
Authors: Rüdiger Sofia
Published: March 2023

English is learned in South Korea as a foreign language and does not fulfill official functions. Nevertheless, English is widely used in various sectors of the society and plays an important role in the education system. Tourism, pop culture, (return) migration, and Anglicisms provide additional grounds for language contact between English and Korean. Attitudes toward English and Korean(ized) English are complex and contradictory and reveal the tensions experienced by Korean speakers of English. This entry discusses the role of English in Korean society as well as the functions and forms of Korean English. Evidence from extensive corpus‐based research suggests that Korean English should be considered a codified variety of English in its own right
—
an insight that also has important implications for variety naming and modeling.
English‐Medium Instruction as an Educational System
Authors: Lasagabaster David
Published: March 2023

The implementation of English‐medium instruction (EMI) programs has become one of the main courses of action pursued by universities around the world in their attempt to attain a high ranking in a competitive and globalized academic world. However, the provision of EMI programs has caused strains in many higher education institutions due to two main reasons. First, because the overwhelming predominance of English is seen as a risk to the presence and development of the local language (especially at postgraduate level), and second, because some voices have warned that lecturers' English proficiency and pedagogical skills may not be good enough to meet the challenge of teaching in a foreign language. With these qualms in mind, the concept of language ecology (i.e., how to facilitate the coexistence of different languages in contact) will be introduced. In addition, in this entry, I will briefly analyze what the main drivers for EMI implementation have been so far, including the alleged benefits for students regarding their English language development and content learning in a foreign language. A key element in creating successful EMI programs is the provision of professional development or teacher training programs for the lecturers involved in these programs. However, surveys reveal that such training is thin on the ground. Since teacher training is a key aspect, the possibility of fostering collaboration between language specialists and content lecturers will be considered as a way to ensure EMI programs' quality.
Collaborative Writing as a Pedagogical Technique
Authors: Storch Neomy
Published: March 2023

Writing in the language classroom is generally perceived as a solitary activity where writers produce a text individually and are assessed on the quality of their text. Collaborative writing—the co‐authoring of a single text by multiple authors—is a novel pedagogical activity that has drawn research interest particularly following the proliferation of collaborative writing platforms in the internet such as wikis and Google Docs. These technologies have prompted implementation of collaborative writing activities with groups within a class and even beyond the physical confines of the classroom. This entry begins with a definition of collaborative writing that identifies the key elements of this activity. It proceeds to briefly review the theoretical issues and research findings providing support for collaborative writing as a pedagogical activity in second language (L2) classes. The entry then discusses some of the challenges that have been identified when implementing such an activity and possible strategies to address these challenges. The entry concludes by identifying additional areas that require further investigation, including how best to assess learners' success in collaborative writing activities and the need to gain a greater understanding of teachers' views and experiences of implementing collaborative writing activities.
Formation Energy Profiles of Oxygen Vacancies at Grain Boundaries in Perovskite‐Type Electroceramics
Authors: Mutter Daniel , Tao Cong , Urban Daniel F. , Elsässer Christian
Published: March 2023

Oxygen vacancy formation energies play a major role in the electric field‐assisted abnormal grain growth of technologically relevant polycrystalline perovskite phases. The underlying effect on the atomic scale is assumed to be a redistribution of cationic and anionic point defects between grain boundaries (GBs) and the bulk interior regions of the grains due to different defect formation energies in the structurally different regions, accompanied by the formation of space charge zones. Using atomistic calculations based on classical interatomic potentials, optimized structures of the symmetric tilt GBs Σ5(210)[001] and Σ5(310)[001], and of the asymmetric tilt GB (430)[001]||(100)[001] in the electroceramic perovskite materials SrTiO3, BaTiO3, and BaZrO3, are derived and discussed. Profiles of oxygen vacancy formation energies across those GBs are presented and their dependence on composition and GB type is discussed.
Indirect Exciton–Phonon Dynamics in MoS2 Revealed by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
Authors: Hu Jianbo , Xiang Yang , Ferrari Beatrice Matilde , Scalise Emilio , Vanacore Giovanni Maria
Published: March 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenides layered nano‐crystals are emerging as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic and quantum devices. In such systems, the interaction between excitonic states and atomic vibrations is crucial for many fundamental properties, such as carrier mobilities, quantum coherence loss, and heat dissipation. In particular, to fully exploit their valley‐selective excitations, one has to understand the many‐body exciton physics of zone‐edge states. So far, theoretical and experimental studies have mainly focused on the exciton–phonon dynamics in high‐energy direct excitons involving zone‐center phonons. Here, ultrafast electron diffraction and ab initio calculations are used to investigate the many‐body structural dynamics following nearly‐ resonant excitation of low‐energy indirect excitons in MoS2. By exploiting the large momentum carried by scattered electrons, the excitation of in‐plane K‐ and Q‐ phonon modes are identified with 𝑬′ symmetry as key for the stabilization of indirect excitons generated via near‐infrared light at 1.55 eV, and light is shed on the role of phonon anharmonicity and the ensuing structural evolution of the MoS2 crystal lattice. The results highlight the strong selectivity of phononic excitations directly associated with the specific indirect‐ exciton nature of the wavelength‐dependent electronic transitions triggered in the system.
A “Nano‐Courier” for Precise Delivery of Acetylcholine and Melatonin by C5a‐Targeted Aptamers Effectively Attenuates Reperfusion Injury of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xiao Xinyu , Gao Yu , Liu Shanshan , Wang Meijiao , Zhong Min , Wang Jianwei , Jiang Ning , Peng Qiling
Published: March 2023

Overactive inflammatory response and excessive oxidative stress are the main pathophysiological culprits for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) that arouse neuronal damage . The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) exerts anti‐inflammatory roles by stimulating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on microglia to activate the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. Simultaneously, as a circadian rhythm‐dependent hormone , melatonin (MT) possesses promising neuroprotective effects that eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic region. Relying on these, a biocompatible fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled SiO2@PAA‐MT/ACh nanospheres are constructed to effectively alleviate oxidative stress and polarize microglial phenotype to suppress inflammatory response in cerebral IRI. Despite of biosafety and curative effects of ACh and MT, the poor aggregation in ischemic penumbra hinders their neuroprotection. To address that, complement component 5a (C5a) is used as a molecular target for delivery of ACh and MT. C5a conspicuously exists at local inflammatory sites of cerebral IRI, recruits immune cells, and mediates further release of inflammatory cytokines. Upon binding of anti‐C5a (aC5a) aptamers onto FITC‐labeled SiO2@PAA‐MT/ACh nanospheres, they can effectively target the ischemic penumbra and promote neurological recovery. Taken together, the current study suggests that the FITC‐labeled SiO2@PAA‐MT/ACh‐aC5a nanospheres after intravenous (i.v.) administration can act as an effective targeted nanotherapy to salvage neurons in cerebral IRI.
Pure‐Iodide Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells by Crystallization Control
Authors: Zhang Ruike , Li Lingcong , Wang Wenran , Wu Zhujie , Wang Yao , Hong Jin , Rao Huashang , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua
Published: March 2023

Wide‐bandgap perovskite is a vital part of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. Currently, wide‐bandgap perovskites are typically based on mixed‐halide (I/Br) materials, but suffer from photoinduced phase separation. The pure‐iodide formamidine/cesium (FA/Cs) based FAxCs1−xPbI3 perovskites with high Cs content are good candidates, whereas the control of crystallization is challenging due to the complex crystallization kinetics. Here, pure‐iodide FA0.5Cs0.5PbI3 wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells is reported. As an acidic diammonium salt, methylenediaminium dichloride (MDACl2) is applied as an additive to control the whole crystallization process of perovskite films, including both nucleation and crystal growth. Starting from the solution chemistry, the MDACl2 additive with acidity and strong solvation properties can effectively regulate the chemical composition of perovskite precursor, thus inhibiting the growth of undesired 1D intermediates during the nucleation process. Besides, the incorporation of larger‐sized MDA2+ into the lattice compensates for the tolerance factor and accelerates the ion exchange reaction between FA+ and Cs+ in the crystal growth process. As a result, the crystallinity of the perovskite films is significantly improved, benefitting from the dual function of MDACl2. Finally, the efficiency of hole transport layer‐free carbon electrode‐based wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells reaches 18.52%, which is the highest reported so far.
Supporting Trimetallic Metal‐Organic Frameworks on S/N‐Doped Carbon Macroporous Fibers for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Lu Xue Feng , Wu Zhi‐Peng , Pei Zhihao , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: March 2023

Hybrid materials, integrating the merits of individual components, are ideal structures for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the rational construction of hybrid structures with decent physical/electrochemical properties is yet challenging. Herein, a promising OER electrocatalyst composed of trimetallic metal‐organic frameworks supported over S/N‐doped carbon macroporous fibers (S/N‐CMF@FexCoyNi1‐x‐y‐MOF) via a cation‐exchange strategy is delicately fabricated. Benefiting from the trimetallic composition with improved intrinsic activity, hollow S/N‐CMF matrix facilitating exposure of active sites, as well as their robust integration, the resultant S/N‐CMF@FexCoyNi1‐x‐y‐MOF electrocatalyst delivers outstanding activity and stability for alkaline OER. Specifically, it needs an overpotential of 296 mV to reach the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 53.5 mV dec−1. In combination with X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, the post‐formed Fe/Co‐doped γ‐NiOOH during the OER operation is revealed to account for the high OER performance of S/N‐CMF@FexCoyNi1‐x‐y‐MOF.
Monolayer Superconductivity and Tunable Topological Electronic Structure at the Fe(Te,Se)/Bi2Te3 Interface
Authors: Moore Robert G. , Lu Qiangsheng , Jeon Hoyeon , Yao Xiong , Smith Tyler , Pai Yun‐Yi , Chilcote Michael , Miao Hu , Okamoto Satoshi , Li An‐Ping , Oh Seongshik , Brahlek Matthew
Published: March 2023

The interface between 2D topological Dirac states and an s‐wave superconductor is expected to support Majorana‐bound states (MBS) that can be used for quantum computing applications. Realizing these novel states of matter and their applications requires control over superconductivity and spin‐orbit coupling to achieve spin‐momentum‐locked topological interface states (TIS) which are simultaneously superconducting. While signatures of MBS have been observed in the magnetic vortex cores of bulk FeTe0.55Se0.45, inhomogeneity and disorder from doping make these signatures unclear and inconsistent between vortices. Here superconductivity is reported in monolayer (ML) FeTe1–ySey (Fe(Te,Se)) grown on Bi2Te3 by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Spin and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SARPES) directly resolve the interfacial spin and electronic structure of Fe(Te,Se)/Bi2Te3 heterostructures. For y = 0.25, the Fe(Te,Se) electronic structure is found to overlap with the Bi2Te3 TIS and the desired spin‐momentum locking is not observed. In contrast, for y = 0.1, reduced inhomogeneity measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and a smaller Fe(Te,Se) Fermi surface with clear spin‐momentum locking in the topological states are found. Hence, it is demonstrated that the Fe(Te,Se)/Bi2Te3 system is a highly tunable platform for realizing MBS where reduced doping can improve characteristics important for Majorana interrogation and potential applications.
Unusual Temperature Dependence of Water Sorption in Semicrystalline Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Zhang Lenan , El Fil Bachir , Díaz‐Marín Carlos D. , Zhong Yang , Li Xiangyu , Lin Shaoting , Wang Evelyn N.
Published: March 2023

Water vapor sorption is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and plays an important role in various applications, including humidity regulation, energy storage, thermal management, and water harvesting. In particular, capturing moisture at elevated temperatures is highly desirable to prevent dehydration and to enlarge the tunability of water uptake. However, owing to the thermodynamic limit of conventional materials, sorbents inevitably tend to capture less water vapor at higher temperatures, impeding their broad applications. Here, an inverse temperature dependence of water sorption in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, where their water uptake can be doubled with increasing temperature from 25 to 50 °C, is reported. With mechanistic modeling of water–polymer interactions, this unusual water sorption is attributed to the first‐order phase transformation of PEG structures, and the key parameters for a more generalized strategy in materials development are identified. This work elucidates a new regime of water sorption with an unusual temperature dependence, enabling a promising engineering space for harnessing moisture and heat.
Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bubble Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Changzheng , Zhang Hongrui , Wang Yaofeng , Liu Xuyang , Ali Asad , Tian Zhi Qun
Published: March 2023

Bubbles, widely distributed in nature and industry, have been extensively explored as important energy carriers. Despite notable progress, how to harvest the energy inherent in small bubbles remains a significant challenge. Herein, a bubble driven triboelectric nanogenerator (BD‐TENG) that can scavenge energy directly and efficiently from bubbles is explored. The BD‐TENG can generate sustained voltages of up to −120 V when small air bubbles rise in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube filled with deionized water. Furthermore, the effects of the tube diameter, electrode length, and bubble volume based on the harvest activity are also investigated. As a proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the BD‐TENG can be utilized to illuminate four blue LEDs. Notably, the conclusion of this research work demonstrates an innovative roadmap for bubble energy harvesting in liquid media.
Structural Water in Amorphous Tungsten Oxide Hydrate Enables Fast and Ultrastable Regulation of Near‐Infrared Light Transmittance
Authors: Zhao Wuxi , Wang Junyi , Tam Brian , Zhang Hewei , Li Fuzhong , Du Anyue , Cheng Wei
Published: March 2023

Amorphous tungsten oxides typically show low near infrared (NIR) light selectivity owing to the overlapped modulation of visible and NIR light originating from ion insertion induced polaronic adsorption, and poor cycling stability due to the ion trapping effects during the repeated ion insertion/extraction. Here it is reported that the structural water in amorphous tungsten oxide hydrate can induce selective and fast modulation of NIR light with extremely high cycling stability. The enhanced NIR electrochromic (EC) capability is found to be associated with the dominant pseudocapacitive behavior promoted by the structural water. The pseudocapacitive EC process avoids the deep ion insertion, slow ion diffusion kinetics, and ion trapping effects that typically occur in conventional diffusion‐controlled EC process, leading to high NIR light selectivity, fast response speed, and exceptional cycling stability. By tuning the amount of structural water, it is found that WO3·0.9H2O films show the optimum NIR EC performance with optical modulation of 69%, response times <3 s, coloration efficiency of 312 cm2 C−1, and cycling stability of 12 000 cycles at the wavelength of 1100 nm, which represents the state‐of‐the‐art NIR EC performance for the tungsten oxide‐based EC materials, making it a promising material for managing solar heat.
Development of a Novel Pt3V Alloy Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Durable Industrial Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acid Environment
Authors: Da Yumin , Jiang Rui , Tian Zhangliu , Chen Ganwen , Xiao Yukun , Zhang Jinfeng , Xi Shibo , Deng Yida , Chen Wei , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin
Published: March 2023

Alloying platinum with early transition metals is a promising approach to optimize the adsorption behaviors of catalysts. Nevertheless, the large negative redox potential between early transition metals and Pt hinders the fabrication of such alloys. Herein, a strategy combining the thermal shock technique with electrochemical activation to prepare Pt3V alloy as a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst is reported for the first time. Electrochemical tests show that the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic activity and durability in 0.5 m H2SO4, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art 20 wt.% Pt/C. The catalyst can maintain its activity after 100 h tests without evident decay under the current density of 500 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the optimized hydrogen absorption and high vacancy formation energy of Pt3V contributes to the enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability. This work may spur future research for other Pt‐based early transition metal alloy catalysts for electrocatalysis.
Rye–vetch residue quality and plastic mulch affect soil nitrogen dynamics in vegetable production systems
Authors: Hayden Zachary D. , Ngouajio Mathieu , Brainard Daniel C.
Published: March 2023

Cover crops can be an important source of nitrogen (N) for organic vegetable production, but N availability depends on the characteristics of the cover crop residues and crop management practices following termination. A 2‐year field experiment in Michigan investigated (1) how the proportion of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) sown in a cover crop mixture (seven treatments ranging from 100% rye to 100% vetch plus a no‐cover‐crop control) influences cover crop residue quantity and quality and (2) how rye–vetch residue characteristics and the use of black polyethylene mulch (PM) interact to affect soil N dynamics, crop quality, and yield in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and slicing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production. Positive correlations among pepper marketable yield, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), and average soil inorganic N support that N fertility was a key driver of treatment effects. Higher sown proportions of vetch and the use of PM were generally associated with higher vegetable yields and soil N. The magnitude of yield response to PM was greater in a year with higher precipitation and greater for pepper than cucumber. Percentage of nonmarketable fruit decreased (pepper) and increased (cucumber) with PM. Pore water nitrate concentration below the root zone reflected plow layer N under PM but was more responsive to precipitation under bare ground. Our results demonstrate that PM can be an important tool for preserving N fertility benefits from high N cover crop residues for vegetable production, particularly on sandy soils.
Human migration in the eastern Tianshan Mountains between the 7th and 12th centuries
Authors: He Letian , Cao Huihui , Wang Yongqiang , Liu Ruiliang , Qiu Menghan , Wei Wenbin , Dong Guanghui
Published: March 2023

Objective

Mid‐ to late‐Holocene large‐scale population migration profoundly impacted the interaction of ethnic groups and cultures across Eurasia, notably in Central Asia. However, due to a lack of thorough historical documents, distinctive burial items, and human remains, the process of population migration during this historical era in the area is still unclear. Using an interdisciplinary approach at the Lafuqueke (LFQK) cemetery, this study investigates the spatiotemporal processes and explores the factors that influenced human migration in the eastern Tianshan Mountains between the 7th and 12th centuries.

Materials and Methods

In this study, tooth enamel from 56 human remains found in the LFQK cemetery in Hami Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains, is examined for strontium and lead isotopes.

Results

The early, middle, and late phases of migration might potentially be represented by a three‐phase migration model, according to the isotopic study. The highest proportion of the early phase (ca. 7th–mid 7th century) comprised non‐locals (54.55%), although this percentage decreased in the middle phase (mid 7th–mid 8th centuries, 30.77%). After the 10th century, the proportion of non‐locals again fell (16.13%).

Conclusion

In this study, the interdisciplinary approach was employed to propose a new model for the diachronic changes that accompanied human migration and cultural interaction in the eastern Tianshan Mountains and identified geopolitics as a significant factor influencing the migratory behavior of LFQK population in this region between the 7th and 12th centuries.
Usefulness of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta compared to aortic cross‐clamping in severely injured trauma patients: Analysis from the Japan Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Haruta Koichi , Endo Akira , Shiraishi Atsushi , Otomo Yasuhiro
Published: March 2023

Aim

To compare in‐hospital mortality of severely injured trauma patients who underwent resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) or aortic cross‐clamping (ACC).

Methods

In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study using data from a nationwide trauma registry of tertiary emergency medical centers in Japan (n = 280), trauma patients who underwent aortic occlusion at the emergency department from 2004 to 2019 were divided into two groups according to the treatment they received: patients treated with ACC and patients who underwent placement of a REBOA catheter. Multiple imputations were used to handle the missing data. In‐hospital mortality of the patients who underwent REBOA or ACC was compared using a mixed‐effect logistic regression analysis and a propensity score‐matching analysis, in which the confounders, including baseline patient demographics and severity, were adjusted.

Results

Of 1,670 patients (1,137 with REBOA and 533 with ACC), 66% were male. The median age was 56 years, and the mortality rate was 55.2% in the REBOA group and 81.6% in the ACC group. The mixed‐effect model regression analysis showed a significantly lower odds ratio for in‐hospital mortality rate in the REBOA group (odds ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.26). A similar odds ratio was observed in the propensity score matching analysis (odds ratio 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.40).

Conclusion

Compared with ACC, REBOA use was associated with decreased mortality in severely injured trauma patients.
Remote Control of One‐Handed Helicity in Polyacetylenes through Flexible Spacers in Water: Impact of the Spacer Length
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Nakamura Koshi , Mizumoto Kosuke , Oki Kosuke , Yashima Eiji
Published: March 2023

We report the unprecedented sergeants and soldiers (S&S)‐type remote control of one‐handed helicity in copolymers of chiral/achiral biphenylylacetylenes bearing amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains. A small amount of chiral binaphthyl residues (≤10 mol %) introduced at the terminal of the achiral OEG spacers as many as 80 bonds away from the polymer backbones induced a complete one‐handed helix in water through preferential intramolecular encapsulation of the binaphthyl groups within a cavity of the copolymers. A fully one‐handed helix can be induced virtually independent of the OEG spacer length and concentrations. At a specific spacer length, however, its helix‐sense was inverted. The copolymers also form an excess one‐handed helix in organic solvents in an OEG spacer‐length dependent manner, yet far from the polymer backbones. We show the superiority of the present covalent‐bond driven S&S‐type remote helicity control over the corresponding noncovalent helicity induction approach.
Ligand‐Dictated Regiodivergent Allylic Functionalizations via Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote Substitution
Authors: Wang Xin , Miao Han‐Zhe , Lin Guo‐Qiang , He Zhi‐Tao
Published: March 2023

Different from classical allylic substitutions that require a vicinal leaving group, an olefin bearing a remote leaving group is scarcely viewed as a potential allylation substrate. Herein, we describe feasible protocols to achieve regiodivergent allylic C−H functionalizations via palladium‐catalyzed remote substitution, which provides a novel strategy for the seldomly studied migratory Tsuji–Trost reaction. Dictated by a suitable ligand, a process that involved 4,3‐hydrofunctionalization of the generated conjugated diene intermediate via metal walking is observed in generally >20 : 1 regioselectivity. Unexpectedly, a related 1,4‐hydrofunctionalization pathway is found to be a major route with a newly synthesized electron‐rich bisphosphine ligand, which challenges the conventional viewpoint on the potential regioselectivity of hydrofunctionalizations of linear internal conjugated dienes via η3‐substitution. A series of deuterium experiments and kinetic studies provide a preliminary insight into the potential catalytic cycle.
C64 Nanographene Tetraimide—A Receptor for Phthalocyanines with Subnanomolar Affinity
Authors: Niyas M. A. , Shoyama Kazutaka , Würthner Frank
Published: March 2023

Phthalocyanines are extensively used by the dye and pigment industry and in photovoltaic and photodynamic therapy research due to their intense absorption of visible light, outstanding stability, and versatility. As pigments, the unsubstituted phthalocyanines are insoluble owing to strong intermolecular π‐π‐stacking interactions, which causes limitations for the solution chemistry for both free base and metalated phthalocyanines. Here we show a supramolecular host–guest strategy to dissolve phthalocyanines into solution. C64 nanographene tetraimide (1) binds two free base/zinc/copper phthalocyanines in a 1 : 2 stoichiometry to solubilize phthalocyanines as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Binding studies using a tetra‐tert‐butyl‐substituted soluble phthalocyanine revealed binding affinities of up to 109 M−1 in tetrachloromethane, relating to a Gibbs free energy of −52 kJ mol−1. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that complexes between 1 and phthalocyanines are stabilized by dispersion interactions followed by electrostatics as well as significant charge‐transfer interactions.
Navigating post‐trauma realities in family systems: Applying social constructivism and systems theory to youth and family trauma
Authors: Eads Ray
Published: March 2023

Trauma affecting youth and families takes a variety of forms, from random one‐time events such as accidents and natural disasters to chronic and highly personal trauma from child abuse or intimate partner violence. Though trauma has received increasing attention in theory and intervention research over the last several decades, the prevailing theories and treatments have limitations due to a linear perspective focused on the trauma problems of the individual. This is particularly concerning given the high dropout rates for trauma‐focused treatments and the complexities of intergenerational trauma that cannot be adequately conceptualised at the level of the individual. To inform and improve family‐based treatment of youth and family trauma, this paper proposes a theoretical framework informed by social constructivism and systems theory. Social constructivism upholds that reality is constructed through communication as an adaptive process for survival, with multiple potential realities possible. Systems theory promotes a non‐linear view of causality within a system, such that the structure and properties of a system determine outcomes more than the inputs that go into the system. Together, the principles of these meta‐theories contradict the orthodox focus on traumatic events causing trauma symptoms, and instead imply that family‐based treatment should focus on helping families shift assumptions and dynamics that sustain the problem in the present. The joint application of a social constructivism–systems theory framework for trauma introduces several new principles to inform family‐based treatment: (a) post‐trauma realities; (b) mutual survival; (c) power–justice balance; and (d) adaptive reorganisation. The implications of these principles for youth and family trauma treatment will be discussed. Future intervention development and research should consider these principles in the ongoing effort to improve family therapy for youth and family trauma.
Statistical optimization of process parameters for ultrafast uptake of anionic azo dyes by efficient sorbent: Zn/Cu layered double hydroxide
Authors: Pandey Bhamini , Singh Poonam
Published: March 2023

The extensive use and release of synthetic dyes by various industries is a primary cause of contamination of water resources. Herein, the adsorption efficiency of Zn/Cu layered double hydroxide (LDH) was estimated for the uptake of a series of anionic dyes, out of which maximum removal efficiency was observed for Congo red (CR) dye. The effect of processing parameters, mainly adsorbate and adsorbent concentration, contact time, and pH on the adsorption capacity of CR dye, was analyzed by making use of response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the analysis of variance and experimental results, the modified quadratic regression model was found to be statistically acceptable. Further, the ultrafast removal efficiency of the synthesized material was observed with the maximum percentage removal of dye (>99%) within 4 min of contact time. In addition, batch adsorption experiments were conducted under the optimized reaction conditions for equilibrium and kinetic studies. Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9965) and pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 1.0) were found to be the best‐fitted isotherm and kinetic models, respectively. Using Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the sorbent was calculated to be 167.22 mg/g. Furthermore, the adsorbent exhibited excellent regeneration capability and can be used efficiently for up to three cycles with >90% dye removal. The adsorption behavior of Zn/Cu LDH in different water matrices, that is, tap water, groundwater, and textile wastewater, was also investigated suggesting it to be an excellent adsorbent for real‐time applications.