bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers for and barriers to the continued development of assistant practitioner roles
Authors: Wheeler Ian
Published: February 2017

The role of assistant practitioner (AP) was defined around 14 years ago. It is widely regarded as an innovative role, with the ability to work semi-autonomously and across conventional health boundaries, and between both the health and social care sectors. APs are non-registered, so are not subject to regulation like nurses. Their accountability, however, comes through working to locally agreed and defined protocols. They are able to undertake a wide range of technical tasks and work with a high degree of autonomy within a specified care plan.

The role is often cited as an effective means of helping the sector meet the productivity challenges that it is confronted with. APs are credited with being able to take on a wide range of tasks that are traditionally, but not necessarily, undertaken by registered professionals.

It is a role which many are happy to treat as a destination in its own right, and which others view as a stepping stone to move up to registered roles. Our own research at Skills for Health has seen that APs have become more successful in some areas than others.

And while the role has had some successes, there is a case for significant and ongoing action to improve not only training and development for support workers, but also to clarify and develop high-quality support worker roles, of which the AP is an important aspiration and legitimate channel.
Withdrawal of ICS treatment in primary care: A practical guide
Authors: Chalmers James , Bobak Alex , Scullion Jane , Murphy Anna
Published: February 2017

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently inappropriately prescribed for patients with COPD resulting in up to 70% of patients in current practice receiving them. ICS (prescribed as a combination inhaler with a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA)) are primarily indicated for patients with an FEV1<50% predicted and a history of frequent exacerbations. There is a consensus that they provide no benefit for patients with preserved lung function and no history of exacerbations. Safety concerns, particularly with regard to pneumonia, osteoporosis, bruising, adrenal suppression and diabetes have been reported in ICS users.

Withdrawal of ICS in these patients may therefore promote cost-effective prescribing, and reduce the risk of adverse effects. Nevertheless, in the absence of recognised national guidelines, removing a longstanding therapy from patients with COPD can be challenging.

Concerns and barriers reported by clinicians include the risk that patients may subsequently exacerbate or experience a worsening of symptoms, the risk of inadvertently removing ICS from patients with a diagnosis of asthma, and the risks of adrenal insufficiency.

Recent randomised controlled trials clearly demonstrate it is possible to remove ICS in a subgroup of patients with COPD and replace with bronchodilator therapies, and that such withdrawal does not result in clinically important increases in exacerbations or worsening of symptoms. In this article, we provide practical advice about when and how to withdraw ICS in patients with COPD.
Nurse prescribing in mental health: Does it still make sense?
Authors: Inman Paul
Published: February 2017

Several authors have previously identified the benefits of nurse prescribing in mental health care highlighting the establishment of a therapeutic relationship, empowering patients to make choices and modern ways of working. However, unlike other disciplines in nursing such as diabetes, tissue viability and respiratory care, registered mental health nurses (RMN) who have completed the non-medical independent prescribing qualification appear reluctant to prescribe. Some areas of mental health care provision such as memory clinics and substance misuse services have recognised nurse prescribing as a specialist role; however, within inpatient and community care settings the uptake of nurse prescribers actually prescribing remains low; therefore, this article will attempt to identify the possible reasons why.
From the Horn of Africa to the Middle East: Human trafficking of Eritrean asylum seekers across borders
Authors: Lijnders Laurie , Robinson Sara
Published: February 2017

Each month hundreds of men, women, and children flee Eritrea as a result of grave violations of human rights committed by the Eritrean government. Travelling across borders, an estimated 36,000 Eritreans have been smuggled to Israel over the past seven years. For 31 per cent of those interviewed for this research, their migration involved abduction and forced movement for extortion among other abuses. Migrants have been abducted in Eastern Sudan near the border with Eritrea and then sold to criminal gangs along the Sudan-Egypt border. The gangs forcibly hold the migrants captive in the Northern Sinai desert. Many who made the journey reported being held hostage and subjected to brutal treatment in Eastern Sudan and the Northern Sinai desert, including gang rape of men and women, whipping, and various other methods of physical and psychological torture. Although not a traditional trafficking scenario, this paper explores the phenomenon in relation to borders. Intricate trafficking networks have exploited refugee outflows from Eritrea, turning the area around the Sudanese side of the Eritrea-Sudan border into a breeding ground for abductions, aggravated smuggling, and trafficking. While crossing borders to claim asylum may facilitate some protection from abuses perpetrated by the Eritrean government, it has created a new set of challenges for Eritrean migrants who now must find protection and safety from kidnappers. While refugees must cross borders to find safety, those same borders create the circumstances for trafficking networks to operate. Unless the dynamics of those involved changes, human rights abuses such as extortion, torture and human trafficking in Eastern Sudan and Sinai are expected to continue.
Developing awareness and use of compliments in the Chinese homestay: A longitudinal case study
Authors: Lee Sheng-Hsun
Published: February 2017

The study abroad homestay enjoys a widespread reputation as a key context for language learning. However, a homestay advantage has been difficult to prove in large-scale quantitative studies. Few qualitative studies examine the long-term developmental processes that can take place in homestays at the micro-ethnographic level. This paper focuses on how one participant, John, gradually developed awareness of the role of compliments and ability to use them for various purposes. Drawing on Vygotskian sociocultural theory, this study analyzes qualitative changes in John’s use of compliments from informal interaction in two homestays across a year. Over time, John learned to use compliments for an array of purposes: expressing appreciation for food, maintaining his hosts’ positive face, developing cordial relationships, and defusing potential conflict. Development in John’s case is evident as he internalized this speech act that he once grappled with, and used it to mediate the behavior of the others when confronted with interactionally and emotionally challenging situations. This process led to John’s ability to participate appropriately as a guest at the Chinese homestay dinner table and to appreciate the subtleties of interpersonal communication that includes unstated expressions of affection.
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Using High Surface Area Activated Carbons from Local Coals Modified by KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 Agents
Authors: Toprak Atakan , Kopac Turkan
Published: February 2017

Activated carbons of various features were produced by the impregnation of local coal samples that were taken from Kilimli region of Zonguldak (Turkey) with chemical agents KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 at different temperatures (600–800 °C) and concentrations (1:1–6:1 agent:coal), for their evaluation in CO2 adsorption studies. BET, DR, t-plot and DFT methods were used for the characterization of carbon samples based on N2 adsorption data obtained at 77 K. The pore sizes of activated carbons produced were generally observed to be in between 13–25 Å, containing highly micropores. Mesopore formations were higher in samples treated with ZnCl2. The highest value for the BET surface area was found as 2,599 m2 g−1 for the samples treated with KOH at 800 °C with a KOH to coal ratio of 4:1. It was observed that the CO2 adsorption capacities obtained at atmospheric pressure and 273 K were considerably affected by the micropore volume and surface area. The highest CO2 adsorption capacities were found as 9.09 mmol/g (28.57 % wt) and 8.25 mmol g−1 (26.65 % wt) for the samples obtained with KOH and NaOH treatments, respectively, at ratio of 4:1. The activated carbons produced were ordered as KOH>NaOH>ZnCl2, according to their surface areas, micropore volumes and CO2 adsorption capacities. The low-cost experimental methods developed by the utilization of local coals in this study enabled an effective capture of CO2 before its emission to atmosphere.
Hetereogeneity in Neuronal Intrinsic Properties: A Possible Mechanism for Hub-Like Properties of the Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex during Network Activity
Authors: Adams Natalie E. , Sherfey Jason S. , Kopell Nancy J. , Whittington Miles A. , LeBeau Fiona E.N.
Published: February 2017

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is vital for a range of brain functions requiring cognitive control and has highly divergent inputs and outputs, thus manifesting as a hub in connectomic analyses. Studies show diverse functional interactions within the ACC are associated with network oscillations in the β (20–30 Hz) and γ (30-80 Hz) frequency range. Oscillations permit dynamic routing of information within cortex, a function that depends on bandpass filter–like behavior to selectively respond to specific inputs. However, a putative hub region such as ACC needs to be able to combine inputs from multiple sources rather than select a single input at the expense of others. To address this potential functional dichotomy, we modeled local ACC network dynamics in the rat in vitro. Modal peak oscillation frequencies in the β- and γ-frequency band corresponded to GABAAergic synaptic kinetics as seen in other regions; however, the intrinsic properties of ACC principal neurons were highly diverse. Computational modeling predicted that this neuronal response diversity broadened the bandwidth for filtering rhythmic inputs and supported combination—rather than selection—of different frequencies within the canonical γ and β electroencephalograph bands. These findings suggest that oscillating neuronal populations can support either response selection (routing) or combination, depending on the interplay between the kinetics of synaptic inhibition and the degree of heterogeneity of principal cell intrinsic conductances.
Resting-State Network Topology Differentiates Task Signals across the Adult Life Span
Authors: Chan Micaela Y. , Alhazmi Fahd H. , Park Denise C. , Savalia Neil K. , Wig Gagan S.
Published: February 2017

Brain network connectivity differs across individuals. For example, older adults exhibit less segregated resting-state subnetworks relative to younger adults (Chan et al., 2014). It has been hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity impact the recruitment of brain areas during task execution. While recent studies have described the spatial overlap between resting-state functional correlation (RSFC) subnetworks and task-evoked activity, it is unclear whether individual variations in the connectivity pattern of a brain area (topology) relates to its activity during task execution. We report data from 238 cognitively normal participants (humans), sampled across the adult life span (20–89 years), to reveal that RSFC-based network organization systematically relates to the recruitment of brain areas across two functionally distinct tasks (visual and semantic). The functional activity of brain areas (network nodes) were characterized according to their patterns of RSFC: nodes with relatively greater connections to nodes in their own functional system (“non-connector” nodes) exhibited greater activity than nodes with relatively greater connections to nodes in other systems (“connector” nodes). This “activation selectivity” was specific to those brain systems that were central to each of the tasks. Increasing age was accompanied by less differentiated network topology and a corresponding reduction in activation selectivity (or differentiation) across relevant network nodes. The results provide evidence that connectional topology of brain areas quantified at rest relates to the functional activity of those areas during task. Based on these findings, we propose a novel network-based theory for previous reports of the “dedifferentiation” in brain activity observed in aging.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSimilar to other real-world networks, the organization of brain networks impacts their function. As brain network connectivity patterns differ across individuals, we hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity would relate to differences in brain activity. Using functional MRI in a group of individuals sampled across the adult life span (20–89 years), we measured correlations at rest and related the functional connectivity patterns to measurements of functional activity during two independent tasks. Brain activity varied in relation to connectivity patterns revealed by large-scale network analysis. This relationship tracked the differences in connectivity patterns accompanied by older age, providing important evidence for a link between the topology of areal connectivity measured at rest and the functional recruitment of these areas during task performance.
Vitamin D induces myogenic differentiation in skeletal muscle derived stem cells
Authors: Braga Melissa , Simmons Zena , Norris Keith C , Ferrini Monica G , Artaza Jorge N
Published: February 2017

Skeletal muscle wasting is a serious disorder associated with health conditions such as aging, chronic kidney disease and AIDS. Vitamin D is most widely recognized for its regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in relation to bone development and maintenance. Recently, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve muscle performance and reduce the risk of falls in vitamin D deficient older adults. However, little is known of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) or the role it plays in myogenic differentiation. We examined the effect of 1,25-D3 on myogenic cell differentiation in skeletal muscle derived stem cells. Primary cultures of skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated from the tibialis anterior, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of 8-week-old C57/BL6 male mice and then treated with 1,25-D3. The efficiency of satellite cells isolation determined by PAX7+ cells was 81%, and they expressed VDR. Incubation of satellite cells with 1,25-D3 induces increased expression of: (i) MYOD, (ii) MYOG, (iii) MYC2, (iv) skeletal muscle fast troponin I and T, (v) MYH1, (vi) IGF1 and 2, (vii) FGF1 and 2, (viii) BMP4, (ix) MMP9 and (x) FST. It also promotes myotube formation and decreases the expression of MSTN. In conclusion, 1,25-D3 promoted a robust myogenic effect on satellite cells responsible for the regeneration of muscle after injury or muscle waste. This study provides a mechanistic justification for vitamin D supplementation in conditions characterized by loss of muscle mass and also in vitamin D deficient older adults with reduced muscle mass and strength, and increased risk of falls.
STATUS KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERIKANAN PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI BEBERAPA LOKASI PULAU SUMATERA
Authors: Amri Khairul , Suman Ali , Umar Chairulwan
Published: February 2017

Penelitian kondisi kawasan konservasi perikanan di beberapa lokasi telah dilakukan mulai bulan Maret-Agustus 2007. Untuk Pulau Sumatera penelitian dilakukan di Propinsi Nangroeh AcehDarussalam, Sumatera Utara, Riau, dan Jambi. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kondisi kawasan konservasi perikanan perairan umum, khususnya suaka perikanan yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei lapangan, pada lokasi yang ditentukan dengan sengaja atau dipilih (purposive) di kawasan konservasi perikanan Danau Laut Tawar, Propinsi Nangroeh Aceh Darusalam, Sumatera Utara, Riau, dan Jambi. Di samping itu, juga dilakukan desk study, studi literatur, dan wawancara dengan petugas Dinas Perikanan Tingkat I dan II serta nelayan sekitar kawasan konservasi. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini, di antaranya jenis ikan, sistem pengelolaan, tipe perairan, dan kondisi sumber daya perikanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan konservasi di Sumatera sangat beragam dan pada umumnya belum didukung dengan perangkat hukum sebagai dasar pembentukkan. Namun demikian, upaya penetapan atau penyiapan calon kawasan konservasi sudah dilakukan. Kawasan konservasi yang dikelola secara adat oleh kelompok masyarakat seperti di Propinsi Riau (Danau Bakuok) berhasil baik sekali dan di Propinsi Jambi juga masuk katagori baik.
KAJIAN KUALITAS AIR DAN POTENSI PRODUKSI SUMBER DAYA IKAN DI DANAU TOWUTI, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Wijaya Danu , Samuel Samuel , Masak Petrus Rani Pong
Published: February 2017

Danau Towuti merupakan danau terbesar di kompleks Danau Malili, Sulawesi Selatan dan danau terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah Danau Toba. Danau Towuti termasuk danau dengan tingkat endemisitas tinggi untuk jenis ikan perairan umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan dan potensi produksi ikan di Danau Towuti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tiga kali survei di tahun 2008. Aspek ekologi yang diamati terdiri atas beberapa parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi perairan. Potensi produksi ikan dihitung berdasarkan pada hasil pengukuran produktivitas primer dari setiap stasiun penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan Danau Towuti, baik secara fisik, kimia, dan biologi mendukung kehidupan dan perkembangan ikan.Berdasaran pada nilai kandungan phosfat, nitrat, plankton, produktivitas primer dan kandungan khlorofil-a, Danau Towuti diklasifikasikan dalam oligo mesotrofik yaitu tingkat kesuburan rendah sampai sedang. Potensi produksi ikan Danau Towuti dari hasil pengukuran produktivitas primer adalah ±195 ton/tahun.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MATA PANCING GANDA PADA RAWAI TEGAK TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN LAYUR
Authors: Anggawangsa Regi Fiji , Murdiyanto Bambang
Published: February 2017

Rawai tegak merupakan salah satu alat penangkap ikan yang digunakan nelayan untuk menangkap ikan layur (Trichiurus sp.). Pengembangan metode dan teknologi dalam unit penangkapan rawai tegak ini sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan, salah satunya adalah dengan modifikasi mata pancing. Mata pancing yang digunakan nelayan rawai tegak adalah mata pancing tunggal. Selain mata pancing tunggal terdapat juga berbagai jenis mata pancing, salah satunyaadalah mata pancing ganda yang dipasang berangkai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Pelabuhanratu, Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan dua jenis rawai sebagai perlakuan yaitu rawaiyang menggunakan mata pancing tunggal dan rawai yang menggunakan mata pancing ganda yang dipasang berangkai. Kedua rawai tersebut terdiri atas 10 tali cabang yang diujungnya terdapat mata pancing. Mata pancing yang digunakan adalah mata pancing No.9 untuk mata pancing tunggal dan No.9 dan 12 untuk mata pancing ganda. Berdasarkan pada hasil uji peringkat bertanda Wilcoxon didapatkan perbedaan yang nyata antara hasil tangkapan rawai yang menggunakan mata pancingtunggal dan rawai yang menggunakan mata pancing ganda. Rawai yang menggunakan mata pancing ganda menghasilkan hasil tangkapan yang lebih baik dibandingkan rawai yang menggunakan mata pancing tunggal.
KOMPOSISI DAN FLUKTUASI HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN CUCUT DOMINAN YANG TERTANGKAP RAWAI TUNA PERMUKAAN
Authors: Dharmadi Dharmadi , Suprapto Suprapto , Widodo Agustinus Anung
Published: February 2017

Perikanan rawai tuna memiliki kontribusi cukup besar terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan cucut (Requiem shark sp.) di perairan Samudera Hindia. Hasil tangkapan rawai tuna sebagian besar didaratkan di 2 pendaratan ikan utama yaitu Pelabuhan Perikanan Pelabuhan Ratu dan Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap. Kegiatan penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi dan fluktuasi hasil tangkapan ikan cucut (Requiem shark sp.) dominan pada rawai tuna permukaan berbasis di 2 lokasi pendaratan ikan tersebut dilakukan pada tahun 2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi hasil tangkapan cucut (Requiem shark sp.) pada rawai tuna permukaan didominansi oleh jenis ikan cucut karet atau selendang (Prionace glauca) antara 40 sampai dengan 90%, sedangkan komposisi jenis ikan cucut lain seperti ikan cucut lanjaman (Carcharhinus falciformis dan Carcharhinus sorrah), cucut paitan (Alopias superciliosus), cucut tikusan (Alopias pelagicus), dan cucut mako (Isurus sp.) antara 3 sampai dengan 30%. Hasil tangkapan ikan cucut (Requiem shark sp.) terhadap hasil tangkapan total rawai tuna permukaan antara 5 sampai dengan 25% pada tahun 2004 dari rata-rata 85 unit kapal rawai tuna yang beroperasi di perairan Samudera Hindia. Hasil tangkapan ikan cucut (Requiem shark sp.) tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus. Hasil tangkapan ini berkaitan dengan kondisi cuaca (Requiem shark sp.) pada saat nelayan melakukan penangkapan ikan di laut. Tuna long lines fisheries have more contributed on the catch of shark (Requiem shark sp.) in the Indian Ocean. Most of catch from tuna long lines landed at two main landing sites of tuna long line which operated in the Indian Ocean were Pelabuhan Ratu and Cilacap. This study was conducted at that two landing sites during 2004. The result showed that shark (Requiemshark sp.) catch composition on tuna long line was dominated by blue shark, Prionace glauca (40 to 90%), while other sharks i.e. silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), spot tail shark (Carcharhinus sorrah), big eye thresher (Alopias superciliosus), pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus), and mako shark (Isurus sp.) between 3 to 30% from the total catch of shark (Requiem shark sp.). Percentage catch of sharks (Requiem shark sp.) againts total catch of tuna surface long line during 2004 was ranging 5 to 25% from everage of 85 unit of tuna long line boat that operated in the Indian Ocean. Catch fluctuation related with the weather conditon when the fishers are fishing activity at sea. The high catch of shark (Requiem shark sp.) was occur on July until August.
REPRODUKSI ASEKSUAL PADA Holothuria atra (ECHINODERMATA) DI TELUK MEDANA, LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Dwiono Sigit Anggoro Putro , Purwati Pradina , Fahmi Varian , Indriana Lisa F.
Published: February 2017

Beberapa jenis timun laut secara alamiah memiliki kemampuan untuk berkembang biak secara aseksual melalui pembelahan (fission). Penelitian ini merupakan studi pertama tentang reproduksi aseksual alamiah timun laut di perairan Indonesia. Di Teluk Medana, Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat fenomena reproduksi aseksual ini ditunjukkan oleh populasi Holothuria atra. Untuk mengetahui intensitas, musim, dan peran reproduksi ini dalam memelihara populasi, dilakukan monitoring bulanan mulai bulan Pebruari 2007 sampai Pebruari 2008. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa reproduksi aseksual pada populasi Holothuria atra ini terjadi sepanjang tahun. Intensitas pembelahan (fission intensity) maksimum mencapai 32,69%, yang berarti bahwa 1/3 dari populasi melakukan pembelahan. Variasi laju pembelahan (fission rate) berkisar antara 1,79 dan 23,68%. Pada bulan Mei 2007, komponen individu hasil pembelahan hampir mencapai separuh (47,4%) dari jumlah individu keseluruhan. Ketiga indikator ini cukup untuk menyimpulkan bahwa reproduksi aseksual pada Holothuria atra di Medana berperan dalam memelihara populasi di habitat tersebut. Topik ini sangat penting diteliti mengingat peran reproduksi aseksual ini dalam mempertahankan keberadaan di alam. Several species of sea cucumbers are able to reproduce asexually through fission. This study is the first report on fission of holothurian populations in Indonesian waters. At Medana Bay,West Lombok, fission was demonstrated by Holothuria atra population. To determine the intensity, season, and the role of fission on the population maintenance, monitoring was conducted on monthly basis, from February 2007 until February 2008. This study revealed that fission occurred throughout the year. Maximum fission intensity was 32,69%, implying that one third of the population underwent fission. Fission rate which was illustrated by the frequency of fission products during 13 month of observations, varied between 1.79 and 23.68%. In May 2007, fission products composed nearly half (47.4%) of the population. These three indicators may be sufficient to conclude that asexual reproduction in Holothuria atra population at Medana Bay might contribute significantly in maintaining its population size. This research topic seems important to be carried out considering the role of asexual reproduction in maintaining its natural population.
To enable shared decision making we must understand healthcare statistics
Authors: Clifford Thomas , Anderson John
Published: February 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The concept of a society in which patients are properly informed about the risks and benefits of healthcare interventions and participate in a culture of shared decision making with their doctors is now more than 30 years old. For shared decision making to work in practice, doctors must have an adequate working knowledge of healthcare statistics so that they can provide patients with the accurate and up-to-date information they require to make informed decisions regarding their care.The first part of this paper argues that at present doctors lack this knowledge; it provides evidence for this in the form of previous studies conducted, which have specifically tested doctor's statistical literacy. Simple techniques that doctors can employ to improve their statistical literacy and reduce their susceptibility to inherent bias in the way data is presented are then described and evidenced.Patients too require a basic knowledge of healthcare statistics if they expect to make informed decisions, however, as outlined in this paper they too are easily confused by misleading risk communication practices, especially in relation to screening. To combat this, healthcare authorities and doctors have a responsibility to provide evidence in the most transparent way possible. Tools known as 'decision aids' have been developed to help in this regard, by assisting doctors in communicating healthcare statistics to patients at the consultation level. The second part of this paper critiques the evidence supporting the use of one such decision aid known as an Option Grid.™
Trajetória e perspectivas do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP (1964-2011)
Authors: Fleming Maria Isabel D'Agostino , Florenzano Maria Beatriz Borba
Published: February 2017

Este texto pretende apresentar uma breve história do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP, marcando alguns dos momentos mais importantes de sua trajetória na USP. Desde sua criação em 1964, passando pela estruturação de um novo projeto que unificou todas as coleções e pesquisas em arqueologia e etnologia em 1989 e chegando a 2010 com a sua independência como unidade de ensino, pesquisa e extensão no seio da Universidade.
Near-Infrared (NIR) Western Blot Detection (nitrocellulose membrane) v1
Authors: Biosciences LI-COR
Published: February 2017

Infrared fluorescence detection with Odyssey Family Imaging Systems provides a quantitative two-color detection method for Western blots. This protocol is designed to help you achieve success with NIR Western blot detection methods, using the nitrocellulose membrane. Read the entire protocol carefully before beginning your optimization experiments.
Physico Chemical Characteristic of Kappa Carrageenan Degraded Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Siregar Rizky Febriansyah , Santoso Joko , Uju Uju
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Kappa carrageenan is polysaccharide that widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and printing industries as coagulate agent, stabilizer and gelling agent. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is strong oxidator to degrade polysaccharide. Hydrogen peroxide has some advantades such as cheap, easy to get and savety environment. Degradation method using hydrogen peroxide is a technology based on establishment radical hydoxile reactive that attack the glycosidic of polysaccharides as a result reducing in molecular weight of polysaccharide. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and degradation time to molecular weight of refined kappa carrageenan. Structural changes on kappa carrageenan degradation were characterized by viscometer, SEM and FTIR. Hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and degradation time were significantly reducing molecular weight and changes in the structural function of refined kappa carrageenan. The lowest molecular weight of refined kappa carrageenan degraded was obtained from the treatment 3% of hydrogen peroxide at temperature 80°C and degradation time for 4 hours.
Heavy Metal Contain Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu in Whiting Fish (Sillago sihama) Muscle in Estuary of Donan River, Cilacap, Central Java
Authors: Cah yani Nica , Lumban Batu Djamar T. F , Sulistiono Sulistiono
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Waste produced by industrial activities in Donan River can be a heavy metal which is one source of harmful pollutant to the aquatic environment. This study was conducted monthly from August 2015 to January 2016 at the waters of the Donan River estuary. The aims of this study were to analyze the content of heavy metals Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu in whiting fish muscle and determine the tolerance limit to consume fish containing the heavy metals. Commonly, the average content of heavy metal in the whiting fish muscle based on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) reading exeded the standard limit determined, but there are also some fish whose heavy metal still below the standard limit. The values of heavy metal in the fish muscle range <0,005-9,19 ppm (Pb); 304,50-4535,22 ppb (Hg); 0,11-0,56 ppm (Cd); and 0,36-1,39 ppm (Cu). The maximum weight limit of fish muscle for adults (50 kg) and children (15 kg) are 17,64 g muscle per week and 5,29 g muscle per week, respectively.
Rusip with Alginate Addition as Seasoning
Authors: Koesoemawardani Dyah , Ali Mahrus
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Rusip was a fermented food of fish that have a distinctive aroma so that potential to be developed into instant seasoning. This research was aimed to optimize powder processing of rusip with the addition of alginate. The treatments were concentration of alginate (5% , 10% , 15% and 20% w/w) and the heating temperature (50oC, 60oC , 70oC and 80oC). Data was analyzed using advanced test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) at 5% level. The results showed that the best rusip powder was alginate 5% with heating at 50oC and 70°C . The character were 5.98% and 7.57% water content; pH 5.69 and 5.85; 7.77% and 8.77% salt content; 28% and 27.65% protein content, respectively. This study proves that the addition of alginate 5% (w/w), heating at a temperature of 50oC and 70°C can trap volatile compounds formed during fermentation in rusip processing into powder.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biocomposite BCP/Collagen for Bone Material Scaffold
Authors: Anjarsari Anjarsari , Dahlan Kiagus , Suptijah Pipih , Kemala Tetty
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) widely used as implants and scaffolds in different orthopedic and dental application. The aim of this study was to determine synthesis and characteristics of biocomposite BCP/collagen as bone scaffold material. BCP/collagen was classified into three groups: 1) BCP/K5 (5% collagen in scaffold), 2) BCP/K10 (10% collagen in scaffold), and 3) BCP/K15 (15% collagen in scaffold). The samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. Overall, concentration of collagen was not significantly different to the spectrum. However, FTIR analysis shows the change intensity in bio-composite BCP/collagen. Collagen intensity Higher concentration when collagen concentration in scaffold higher. Morphology analysis of the scaffold showed significant differences in pore formation. BCP/K15 was showed pores formed in scaffold. Synthesis of composite BCP/collagen does not affect the spectrum of functional groups, but affects the formation of pores in the bone scaffold material.
Isolation Of Compounds Of Steroids Teripang Gamat (Stichopus variegatus) With Various Types Of Solvents
Authors: Meydia Meydia , Suwandi Ruddy , Suptijah Pipih
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sea cucumber is one of the fisheries commodity that has an important economic value. Generally is traded in dried form (beche-de-mer). One of thebioactive substances contained in sea cucumber is steroid compounds that serves as an aphrodisiac and sex reversal. The purpose of this study was to extract the steroid of the gamma sea cucumber by using three types of solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and get the best solvent in producing the highest yield of the steroids. The study revealed that steroid of gamma sea cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) dissolved completely ethyl acetate (semi-polar solvent) during the first phase, second phase and the third phase of extraction. In the methanol (polar solvent) steroids only dissolved in the first extraction phase, while using the hexane (non polar solvent) steroid was undetectable. Fractionation by thin layer chromatography was obtained two fractions that identified as cholesterol (Rf = 0.96) and testosterone (Rf = 0.91).
Ratio of Seaweed Porridge Eucheuma cottonii and Sargassum sp. as a Sunscreen Cream Formula
Authors: Luthfiyana Novi , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Nurilmala Mala , Anwar Effionora , Hidayat Taufik
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The use of sunscreen is highly recommended to protect the health of the skin from ultraviolet radiation.
The aim of this study were to get the best ratio sunscreen preparation of porridge E. cottonii and Sargassum
sp. through the total test microbes, antioxidants and SPF value, get a stable cream preparations physically
through sensory test, pH, consistency, Cycling test and centrifugal test. The main materials used were E.
cottonii, Sargassum sp. and raw materials stocks cream. This study used a completely randomized design
(CRD), which consisted of four treatments with two replications.The results showed that the best ratio of
sunscreen cream was cream with the addition of E. cottonii and Sargassum (1:1). The result obtained was
the absence of microbs at creams and porridge E. cottonii and Sargassum sp. The antioxidant activity of E.
cottonii porridge 127.23 ± 2.77μg/mL, Sargassum sp. 119.66 ± 0.25 μg/mL, and cream 83.4 ± 0.03 μg/mL.
Cream SPF value was 7.03 ± 0.01. Consumer acceptance of the products through sensory test ranged from
normal to like. Sunscreen creams had good physical stability and the cream has a shelf life preparation one
year.
Antidepressant effect of atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone in albino rats
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Kumar Hansraj , Keshri U. S. P. , Gari Manju
Published: February 2017

Background: Depression is a common psychiatric illness but conventional antidepressants are often shows unpredictable response. Pharmacological profiles of many atypical antipsychotics have potential antidepressant effect. Ziprasidone is an atypical antidepressant with 5HT1A agonistic activity and 5HT1D, 5HT2A and D2 receptors antagonistic activity. It’s a potential candidate for evaluating possible antidepressant activity.Methods: Behavioural despair test are widely used for evaluation of potential antidepressant molecule. Tail suspension test is a variant of behavioural despair test. Healthy male Wistar albino rat 18 in number and weighing between of 150-200 grams were divided in 3 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group A was treated with 0.9% Normal Saline, Group B with Fluoxetine and Group C with Ziprasidone for 28 days. Tail suspension test was done on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.Results: In comparison to Normal saline both the drugs shows significant antidepressant activity after 28 days of treatment. While antidepressant activity of fluoxetine started to appear from day 7; that of ziprasidone started to appear from 14th day.Conclusions: Ziprasidone can be suitable candidate for clinical trials of Major Depressive Disorders not responding to conventional antidepressant.
Contribuciones de los agentes de desarrollo infantil en la atención primaria a la salud
Authors: Faustino Regina Lúcia Herculano , Meira Maria Dyrce Dias , Abdala Gina Andrade
Published: February 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o trabalho das Agentes de Desenvolvimento Infantil (ADIs), a partir dos relatórios de visita domiciliar, identificando resultados no acompanhamento de gestantes e crianças em unidades da Atenção Básica como projeto de desenvolvimento infantil. Trata-se de um relato de experiência que utilizou também a análise documental dos registros feitos pelas ADIs. Foram analisados 179 relatórios de visitação domiciliar que apontaram ações direcionadas às gestantes e às crianças de 0-3 anos. A análise apontou contribuições importantes relacionadas à identificação de riscos precoces em crianças e famílias, com direcionamento às equipes técnicas competentes para dar seguimento. As intervenções realizadas pelas ADIs foram consideradas efetivas para a promoção da saúde, uma vez que, as famílias e cuidadores das crianças poderão ser orientados sobre as bases do desenvolvimento adequado dos seus filhos.
Organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests of artificial feed for milk fish substituted by earthworm meal (Lumbricus sp.)
Authors: Aslamyah Siti , Karim Muh. Yusri
Published: February 2017

﻿Earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) is very prospective as milkfish feed raw materials to substitute fish meal. Type of raw material and the exact composition will generate artificial feed quality with high levels of water stability, desirable, and safe for the fish. The purpose of this study to evaluate the quality of milkfish feed at different levels of fish meal substitution with earthworms (Lumbricus sp.) based on organoleptic, physical, and chemical tests. The treatments tested levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal in artificial feed milkfish, namely: feed A (0%); feed B (34,62%); feed C (65,38%) and feed D (100%). The organoleptic and physical test showed that all the feed has a smooth texture, pungent aroma, and brown in color, with good water stability (rupture velocity ranged from 91,25±1,47 up to 92,87±1,67 minutes and dispersion of solids 11,14±1,55 up to 11,87±1,3%), hardness 84±0,18 up to 84,71±1,24%, sinking velocity 5,07±0,68 up to 5,64±0,17 cm/sec, the level of homogeneity of 81,34±0,17 up to 85,68±1,85%, the allure of 0,62±0,58 up to 0,65±0,12 cm/sec and delicious power of 0,059±0,024 up to 0,067±0,032 g/fish weight/day. The quality of feed is chemically with moisture content ranging from 8,4–9,1%, 16,7–19,46% ash, 31,07–32,37%, protein, 6,67–7,58% fat, crude fiber 7,45–7,87%, NFE (nitrogen free extracts) 35,35–35,48%. Results show that different levels of substitution of fish meal with earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) produces the same feed quality and contains nutrients in a range requirement milkfish. Accordingly, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.) can be substituted for fish meal in fish milk feed artificial up to 100%.

Keywords: substitution, fish meal, earthworms meal (Lumbricus sp.), artificial feed, milkfish
Reproduction of tank goby(Glossogobius giuris) in Ujung Pangkah Waters, East Java
Authors: Sulistiono .
Published: February 2017

Tank goby (Glossogobius giuris) is a commonly fish found in coastal area. This study was aimed to investigate reproduction of the fish. Samples were collected from July to December 2005 from fish caught by fishermen using gill net and trap net in Ujung Pangkah Waters. Analysis was done to estimate sex ratio, gonad maturity, gonado somatic index, fecundity, and oocyte diameter. During the observation, the tank goby fish was 198 individual consisted of 112 male and 86 female fish varied 63‒230 mm in total body length. Sex ratio was around 1:1.1. First maturity gonad of male was 111‒134mm and female was 87‒110 mm total body length, respectively. According to gonad maturity stage and gonado somatic index, the fish was estimated to spawn from July to December. During July and August, the gonad maturity stage and gonado somatic index were higher indicating a lot of spawning fish during those months. Fecundity was 10,640‒150,639eggs and oocyte diameter was 49‒372 µm. Based on the oocyte distribution, the fish was estimated apartial spawner.

Keywords: Ujung Pangkah Waters, reproduction,tank goby,Glossogobius giuris
Efikasi daun sembukan Paederia foetida untuk pencegahan infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan nila
Authors: Wahjuningrum Dinamella , Hasanah Mulyati , Rahman ,
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum dosage of skunkvine leaves Paederia foetida to prevent infection caused by bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. This study consisted of five treatments. They were negative control, positive control, and  prevention treatment with the dosages of 0.8%, 1% and that 1.2% that consisted that of three replications in each treatment. Addition of skunkvine leaves on feed performed by coating method. Feed was given at satiation with a frequency of three times a day. The results of this study showed that there were significant effect (P<0.05) between the positive control (37.03%) and preventive treatment dosages of 0.8% (88.89%), 1% (74.08%), and 1.2% (74.08%). The optimum dosage for prevention of A. hydrophila infection in tilapia was 0.8%. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Paederia foetida, tilapia  ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dosis daun sembukan Paederia foetida yang tepat dalam mencegah infeksi akibat Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, perlakuan 0,8%, perlakuan 1%, dan perlakuan 1,2% dengan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Metode penambahan sembukan pada pakan dilakukan dengan metode coating. Pakan diberikan secara at satiation dengan frekuensi pemberian sebanyak tiga kali sehari. Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 20 hari dan pada hari ke-11 dilakukan uji tantang dengan menggunakan bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebelum uji tantang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), sedangkan setelah uji tantang diperoleh hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antara kontrol positif (37,03%) dengan perlakuan 0,8% (88,89%), perlakuan 1% (74,08%), dan perlakuan 1,2% (74,08%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian daun sembukan melalui pakan efektif untuk pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila pada ikan nila dengan dosis terbaik yaitu 0,8%. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, Paederia foetida, ikan nila
Evaluasi penggunaan tepung cangkang rajungan sebagai bahan baku pakan juwana udang windu Penaeus monodon
Authors: Kurnia Agus , Muskita Wellem H , Astuti Oce , Asnani , , Harahap Wulandari
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary level of the crab shell meal (CSM) for replacement of fish meal (FM) for growth and survival rate of black tiger shrimp larvae. The shrimp (initial weight: 0,0134±0,02 g) were fed with six experimental diet for six weeks which were formulated to replace FM protein by with CSM at various substitution levels: diet A (0% CSM substitution level), diet B (25% CSM substitution level), diet C (50% CSM substitution level), diet D (75% CSM substitution level), diet E (100% CSM substitution level), diet F (commercial diet). Results from the feeding trial indicates that the shrimp fed with all treatment diet were not significantly different in weight gain and FCR. However, survival rate on the shrimp fed with diet F was significantly different to the other groups. The present study conclude that CSM could be used as protein ingredient in the diet of monodon shrimp juvenile. Keywords: replacement, crabs shell meal, fish meal, black tiger shrimp, survival rate  ABSTRAK Penelitian pakan dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis optimum tepung cangkang rajungan (TCR) untuk mengganti tepung ikan (TI) dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva udang windu. Udang windu (berat awal: 0,00134±0,02 g ) diberi pakan uji selama enam minggu yang diformulasi untuk mengganti TI dengan tingkat persentasi penggantian TCR dengan desain formulasi pakan A (0% substitusi TCR), pakan B (25% substitusi TCR), pakan C (50% substitusi TCR), pakan D (75% substitusi TCR), pakan E (100% substitusi TCR), dan pakan F (pakan komersial) sebagai pakan kontrol. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa udang yang diberi pakan untuk semua perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan laju pertumbuhan harian. Akan tetapi kelompok udang yang diberi pakan F berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup dibanding dengan perlakuan lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tepung cangkang rajungan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pakan sumber protein dalam pakan juvenile udang windu. Kata kunci: penggantian bahan, tepung cangkang rajungan, tepung ikan, udang windu
Evaluasi pemberian ekstrak daun kayu manis Cinnamomum burmannii pada pakan terhadap kandungan lemak daging ikan patin Pangasianodon hypopthalmus
Authors: Setiawati Mia , Jusadi Dedi , Rolin Febrina , Vinasyiam Apriana
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamon Cinnamomum burmannii leaves extract addition with different doses in diet for the lipid muscle content of catfish Pangsianodon hypophthalmus. The cinnamon leaves extract was mixed in to the diet with five doses i.e: 0 (control); 0.5; 1; 2; and 4 g/kg diet. Catfish (7.43±0.01 g) were reared in 15 aquariums (160 L volume) with density of 30 fishes in each aquarium for 60 days. Fish were fed until apparent satiation three times daily at 08.00, 12.00, 16.00 WIB. The addition of cinnamon leaves extract at 1 g/kg of diet showed the optimal dose because it could lower flesh fat content, cholesterol, and triglycerides of catfish. Keywords: Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, Cinnamomum burmannii, fat, flesh  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis Cinnamomum burmannii dengan dosis berbeda pada pakan terhadap kandungan lemak daging ikan patin Pangsianodon hypopthalmus. Ekstrak daun kayu manis dicampurkan ke dalam pakan dengan lima dosis yaitu: 0 (kontrol); 0,5; 1; 2; dan 4 g/kg pakan. Ikan patin (7,43±0,01 g) dipelihara dalam 15 akuarium (volume 160 L) dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/akurium selama 60 hari. Ikan diberi pakan secara at satiation sebanyak tiga kali sehari pada pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 16.00 WIB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun kayu manis sebanyak 1 g/kg pakan memberikan hasil yang optimal karena dapat menurunkan kandungan lemak daging, kolesterol, dan trigliserida ikan patin. Kata kunci: Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, Cinnamomum burmannii, lemak, daging