bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Concepts and Subjects in Biology Perceived to be Difficult to Learn and Teach by the Pre-Service Teachers Registered in the Pedagogical Formation Program
Authors: Gungor Sema Nur , Ozkan Muhlis
Published: October 2017

This study examines the subjects and concepts in biology perceived to be difficult to learn and teach by 759 pre-service biology teachers registered in the pedagogical formation program at Uludag University Faculty of Education in the academic year of 2005-2016, as well as the associations that word “biology” first calls to their mind. The study was designed as a survey model, and a questionnaire of three scaled questions was used as a data collection tool. The data were classified into 10 different categories based on different branches of biology: Anatomy-Morphology, Biotechnology, Ecology, Evolution, Physiology, Genetics, Histology, Cytology, Systematics and Reproduction and Development. Following the classification, the data were analyzed using frequency and percentages. The subjects and concepts perceived to be difficult to learn by the pre-service teachers are respectively as follows: photosynthesis and its stages, genetics, circulatory system, aerobic respiration, respiratory system, anaerobic respiration, protein synthesis, phanerogams, DNA structure and function, cryptogams, mitosis, plant systematics, endocrine system, meiosis, ETC, urinary system, plant physiology, taxonomy, evolution and digestive system. The subjects and concepts perceived to be difficult to teach by the pre-service teachers are respectively as follows: photosynthesis and its stages, protein synthesis, circulatory system, endocrine system, meiosis, plant systematics, evolution, mitosis, reproduction, genetic crossing over problems, Latinization of names, urinary system, genetics, ecology, aerobic respiration, DNA structure and function, plant tissues, glycolysis and anaerobic respiration. These findings confirm the need for developing undergraduate programs in biology and promoting the research culture at the secondary education level.
Activity of the Calcineurin Pathway in Patients on the Liver Transplantation Waiting List: Factors of Variability and Response to Tacrolimus Inhibition
Authors: Noceti Ofelia , Pouché Lucie , Esperón Patricia , Lens Daniela , Vital Marcelo , Touriño Cristina , Gerona Solange , Woillard Jean-Baptiste , Marquet Pierre
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

We sought to evaluate, in patients on a liver transplantation waiting list, potential biomarkers of the base calcineurin pathway activity with use of a new model of nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and ex vivo response to tacrolimus (TAC).

METHODS

The calcineurin pathway activity was explored ex vivo in stimulated and nonstimulated PBMC from 19 patients. The inhibition of NFAT1 translocation to PBMC nuclei, expression of intracellular IL-2, and membrane CD25 in different T-cell subsets were measured by multiparametric flow cytometry before and after exposure to TAC. We also studied the influence on the individual response of polymorphisms in 3 key genes of the calcineurin pathway: PPIA, PPP3CA, and IL2RA.

RESULTS

All pharmacodynamics profiles closely fitted an I/Imax sigmoid model. Interindividual variability was higher in nonstimulated than in stimulated conditions, as well as in the presence of TAC. IL-2+CD8+ cells at TAC Imax showed the highest interindividual variability, suggesting its usefulness as a biomarker of individual TAC effects integrating many different sources of regulation and variability. Moreover, in the absence of TAC, patients with end-stage liver disease exhibited lower NFAT1 translocation and T-cell activation than healthy volunteers from a previous study under similar conditions. Multivariate statistical analysis showed strong and significant associations between TAC pharmacodynamic parameters and 2 polymorphisms in the gene-coding cyclophilin A (rs8177826 and rs6850).

CONCLUSIONS

We show the feasibility of using nonstimulated PBMCs to explore the calcineurin pathway under more physiologic conditions and point toward potential biomarkers for TAC pharmacodynamic monitoring. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01760356
La caliza de Espejón (Soria, España): caracterización arqueométrica
Authors: García-Entero Virginia , Garcia-M. Anna Gutiérrez , Royo Plumed Hernando , Vidal Álvarez Sergio
Published: October 2017

Presentamos los primeros resultados de la caracterización arqueométrica realizada a cuatro variedades litológicas de caliza de Espejón (Soria) utilizadas en época romana. Se han llevado a cabo análisis petrográficos de microscopía óptica de luz polarizada (MO), catodoluminiscencia (CL), espectrometría de energía dispersiva de rayos X (EDX) y espectrometría de masas de relaciones isotópicas estables de carbono y oxígeno (δ13C y δ18O) (IRMS) a muestras recogidas en cantera. Los resultados constituyen la base de referencia de estas calizas, imprescindible para llevar a cabo las comparaciones con materiales arqueológicos con el fin de determinar los usos y difusión de estas calizas en la Hispania romana.
Behavioral parent training for ADHD children: a mixed methods study
Authors: Nugroho Hari Wahyu , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Gamayanti Indria Laksmi
Published: October 2017

Background Management of ADHD requires multimodal treatments. Parental participation is one of the most important factors for effective ADHD treatment.Objective To investigate the effectiveness of behavioral parent training combined with routine clinical care, in reducing ADHD symptoms in children.Methods Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined in this study. This study was conducted at 3 growth and developmental clinics in Central of Java, on June-July 2016. The quantitative aspect was assessed by comparing ADHD quotient scores at pre- and post-intervention, while the qualitative aspect by intensive parental interviews. Parents of children with ADHD were randomized with block random sampling. In the treatment group, parents received behavioral training for 7 weeks, along with weekly routine clinical care for their children. The control group received only routine clinical care of the children. Six parents in the treatment group were randomly selected for intensive interviews.Results A total of 67 parents with their children were involved. Both groups’ ADHD quotient scores improved post-intervention. The treatment group ADHD quotient score was reduced from 120.53 to 116.41 (effect size Cohen’s d 0.68). The control group ADHD quotient score was reduced from 121.74 to 119.83 (effect size Cohen’s d 0.23). Mean difference post-intervention in both group was not significant (p=.161). After behavioral parent training, communication between parents and children increased and parents’ capability in directing their children’s daily activity increased.Conclusion Behavioral parent training can not enhacing effectiveness of routine clinical care to reduce ADHD symptoms in children.
Focused group discussion with health care staff improves breastfeeding rates in hospitalized infants
Authors: Sari Agnes Yunie Purwita , Roeslani Rosalina Dewi , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati
Published: October 2017

Background Improving breastfeeding in sick infants is essential. During the neonatal care, health care staff play an important role in promoting breastfeeding. Therefore, it is important to study in depth how healthcare staff can improve breastfeeding practice in sick neonates.Objective To compare breastfeeding rates in sick infants before and after a focused group discussion (FGD) of health care staff on how to improve breastfeeding.Methods This study was an operational study using FGD and in-depth interviews as an intervention. A fish bone diagram was used to assess problems that may prevent mothers from breastfeeding their sick infants. Breastfeeding achievement was compared before and after the FGD.Results Of 257 sick infants, 177 subjects were in the before FGD group and 80 subjects were in the after FGD group. Significantly more after FGD subjects were breastfed during hospitalization than before FGD subjects [97.5% vs. 82.9%, respectively; (x2 =9.43; P=0.002)]. Breastfeeding initiation within 0-4 hours of birth was also significantly higher in the after FGD group [10 (12.5%) vs. 6 (3.5%), respectively; (x2 = 52.5; P<0.001)]. The solutions for breastfeeding problems were: 1) support of hospital management, 2) support of healthcare workers for breastfeeding mothers, 3) support of husbands and families for breastfeeding mothers, 4) financial support, 5) other factors such as level of care and consistent FGD events, and 6) a prospective cohort study.Conclusion The FGD with health care staff significantly increases breastfeeding achievement during infant hospitalization, and accelerated breastfeeding initiation. A fish bone diagram is used to effectively assess the problems with breastfeeding programs for sick babies.
Procalcitonin vs. the combination of micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein for diagnosing neonatal bacterial sepsis
Authors: Ramadanti Afifa , Hiasinta Renya , Bermawi Herman , Bahar Erial
Published: October 2017

Background Given the high rates of mortality and morbidity in neonatal sepsis, rapid, easy-to-use, and inexpensive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are needed to diagnose neonatal sepsis. Procalcitonin is often used as a predictor in identifying neonatal sepsis, but C-reactive protein (CRP) and micro-erythrocte sedimentation rate (m-ESR) may also be valid biomarkers of neonatal sepsis.Objective To compare the accuracy of procalcitonin to the combination of CRP and m-ESR, as well as to find cut-off points for the three tests, in diagnosing bacterial neonatal sepsis.Methods Subjects were neonates hospitalized from July to October 2016 in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang with sepsis at clinical presentation and healthy neonates with sepsis risk factors. All subjects underwent complete blood counts, CRP, m-ESR, blood cultures, and  procalcitonin examinations.Results Ninety-four infants were included, of whom 26 had proven sepsis. The combined values of m-ESR and CRP had 85% sensitivity, 59% specificity, and 66% accuracy. A procalcitonin (PCT) cut-off point of 9.7ng/mL showed 100% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 97% accuracy level, which were significantly higher than the combined values of m-ESR and CRP.Conclusion The combined values of m-ESR (13 mm/hour) - CRP (17 mg/dL) and procalcitonin alone (2ng/mL) are both valid for the diagnosis of bacterial neonatal sepsis, but the accuracy of procalcitonin at 9.7ng/mL is significantly greater.
From Yemen to Eritrea and Back: A Twentieth Century Family History
Authors: de Regt Marina
Published: October 2017

At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, a large number of Yemeni men migrated to the Horn of Africa, and in particular to Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea. After the downfall of the Yemeni Imamate in the 1960s, and in particular after Mengistu came to power in Ethiopia in the 1970s, many Yemenis returned to Yemen with their African wives and children of mixed descent. Although the social status of Yemenis in Ethiopia was relatively high, their social status and the status of their wives and children in Yemen was much lower. In this article, I describe and analyze the family history of a Yemeni woman of Ethiopian-Yemeni descent in the city of Al-Hudaydah, Yemen. The story of Noura’s (grand)parents’ migration and work trajectories and her own life story form an excellent case to study the intersection of people’s lives with global developments, in general, and political and historical events, in particular. In addition, this case study shows the connection between macro- and micro-histories and gives insight into the relations between gender, migration, work, and social status. It also shows that an historical and intersectional approach is of utmost importance to understand current social and political dynamics. The article is based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Yemen, two in-depth interviews with Noura, and insider knowledge of her life over the past twenty years.
Reviving Islam: Neo-Salafism Traversing Saudi Arabia and Egypt
Authors: Abdelhalim Julten
Published: October 2017

From ancient history to nineteenth century Islamic reform movements to the contemporary waves of labor migration, the Red Sea has acted as a medium where people travelled carrying their religious ideas as their cultural baggage. This article focuses on the later dynamics of synergy that evolved between Saudi Arabia and Egypt as the latter sought to introduce revivalist Islamic norms in 2012–2013. Based on ethnographic material collected in the period from the rise of the Islamists to power in the parliament and presidency in 2012 to the military takeover in July 2013 and its aftermath, in addition to literature review of primary sources of Saudi and Egyptian Islamic scholars’ fatwas and speeches, this article covers the multiple facets of the response to this wave among different groups in the Salafi movement. Focus is directed to the discussion of women’s role in the public sphere, and the transformation in the concept of obeying the ruler, where new constellations of what democracy means were pragmatically incorporated in new political settings.
Hnutí Camphill na pozadí sociálněpedagogické reformy počátku minulého století
Authors: Klímová Šárka
Published: October 2017

Abstrakt: Historicko-pedagogická studie pojednává o mezinárodním hnutí Camphill, důvodech jeho vzniku ve čtyřicátých letech 20. století, o úloze rakouského lékaře Karla Königa v roli nejen duchovního vůdce hnutí, stejně jako o motivaci zakladatelů hnutí k založení prvního společenství. Studie si klade za cíl seznámit čtenáře s myšlenkovými východisky hnutí Camphill v kontextu doby jeho vzniku a v kontextu základního ideového rámce, z něhož hnutí čerpalo – anthroposofe. Popisuje rovněž úlohu léčebné pedagogiky a sociální trojčlennosti jako základních pilířů camphillu. Klíčová slova: hnutí Camphill, anthroposofe, Karl König, Rudolf Steiner, léčebná pedagogika, idea sociální trojčlennosti.
Úvod do aproximálního numerického systému
Authors: Plassová Michala , Stuchlíková Iva , Vavrečka Michal
Published: October 2017

Abstrakt: V následující přehledové studii se snažíme shrnout základní poznatky o aproximálním numerickém systému (ANS) u člověka. V úvodu se věnujeme vymezení ANS, popisujeme jeho základní principy, mechanismy a neuroanatomickou lokalizaci systému. V další části studie identifkujeme průnik kognitivních funkcí ANS se základními kognitivními funkcemi, jež jsou nutné pro úspěšné zvládnutí školní i předškolní matematiky. Zaměřujeme se primárně na vzájemný vztah mezi ANS a matematickými schopnostmi a prostor věnujeme i kontroverzi, která v současné chvíli panuje v otázkách metodologického uchopení tohoto vztahu. V textu dále uvádíme poznatky z aktuálních studií, jež se pokoušejí o trénink ANS s cílem pozitivně působit na obecné matematické schopnosti. Poslední část patří možnostem využití ANS v pedagogické praxi, včetně zdůraznění klíčových mechanismů pro efektivní zařazení do praktické výuky.Klíčová slova: aproximální numerický systém, matematické nadání, neuropsychologie, intraparietální sulkus, kognice.
Formativní hodnocení v praxi české základní školy
Authors: Laufková Veronika
Published: October 2017

Abstrakt: Některé výzkumy či dokumenty vzdělávací politiky ukazují, že kvalita hodnocení je v českých školách neuspokojivá a že je potřeba posílit roli formativního hodnocení, tj. zajistit, aby si učitelé osvojili dovednosti, které jim umožní zjistit, jak žáci učivu rozumějí. Tento text si klade za cíl popsat funkční podobu formativního hodnocení ve výuce 2. stupně ZŠ na záměrně vybrané škole a zjistit postoje žáků k této podobě hodnocení. K naplnění tohoto cíle byla zvolena jako výzkumná strategie deskriptivní případová studie. Metodami sběru dat byly zvoleny: analýza způsobů hodnocení školy v příslušných dokumentech, přímé pozorování školy, žáků a učitelky při výuce, hloubkový individuální rozhovor s učitelkou, rozhovory v ohniskových skupinách s devíti žáky pozorované třídy, hloubkový individuální rozhovor s mentorkou dané školy a analýza učitelských a žákovských dokumentů. Z výsledků je zřejmé, že přístup k formativnímu hodnocení na této škole ovlivnil pětiletý projekt, jehož cílem bylo zajistit, aby se v každé vyučovací hodině každé dítě učilo a dosahovalo maxima svého rozvoje, a mentorka poskytnutá škole. Silná stránka sledované učitelky byla potom v komunikaci s žáky, ve stanovování kritérií hodnocení s indikátory, v podávání zpětné vazby popisným jazykem, propracovaný systém sebehodnocení žáků a využívání vrstevnického hodnocení. Žáci zapojení do výzkumu byli motivováni v učení, nebáli se komunikovat, vyjadřovat své názory a poskytovat si zpětnou vazbu navzájem. Škola by tak mohla být příkladem dobré praxe pro implementaci formativního hodnocení v našem školském systému.Klíčová slova: formativní hodnocení, případová studie, zpětná vazba, mentoring, konstruktivismus, ISCED 2.
Optimization of Drilling Process Parameters Via Taguchi, TOPSIS and RSA Techniques
Authors: Shunmugesh K. , Panneerselvam K.
Published: October 2017

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is the most preferred composite material due to its high strength, high modulus, corrosion resistance and rigidity and which has wide applications in aerospace engineering, automobile sector, sports instrumentation, light trucks, airframes. This paper is an attempt to carry out drilling experiments as per Taguchi’s L27(313) orthogonal array on CFRP under dry condition with three different drill bit type (HSS, TiAlN and TiN). In this research work Response Surface Analysis (RSA) is used to correlate the effect of process parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on thrust force, torque, vibration and surface roughness. This paper also focuses on determining the optimum combination of input process parameter and the drill bit type that produces quality holes in CFRP composite laminate using Multi-objective Taguchi technique and TOPSIS. The percentage of contribution, influence of process parameters and adequacy of the second order regression model is carried out by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of experimental investigation demonstrates that feed rate is the pre-dominate factor which affects the response variables.
Influence of Cutting Fluid Flow Rate and Cutting Parameters on the Surface Roughness and Flank Wear of TiAlN Coated Tool In Turning AISI 1015 Steel Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Moganapriya C. , Rajasekar R. , Ponappa K. , Venkatesh R. , Karthick R.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the influence of cutting parameters (Depth of cut, feed rate, spindle speed and cutting fluid flow rate) on the surface roughness and flank wear of physical vapor deposition (PVD) Cathodic arc evaporation coated TiAlN tungsten carbide cutting tool insert during CNC turning of AISI 1015 mild steel. Analysis of Variance has been applied to determine the critical influence of cutting parameters. Taguchi orthogonal test design has been employed to optimize the process parameters affecting surface roughness and tool wear. Depth of cut was found to be the most dominant factor contributing to high surface roughness (67.5%) of the inserts. However, cutting speed, feed rate and flow rate of cutting fluid showed minimal contribution to surface roughness. On the other hand, cutting speed (45.6%) and flow rate of cutting fluid (23%) were the dominant factors influencing tool wear. The optimum cutting conditions for desired surface roughness constitutes the following parameters such as medium cutting speed, low feed rate, low depth of cut and high cutting fluid flow rate. Minimal tool wear was achieved for the following process parameters such as low cutting speed, low feed rate, medium depth of cut and high cutting fluid flow rate.
Classification of Genus Acanthopanax in Korea and Genetic Diversity Using Allozymes
Authors: Huh M. K. , Huh H. W.
Published: October 2017

Genus Acanthopanax is a long-lived woody species that is primarily distributed throughout Asia. Many species of this genus are regarded as medically and ecologically important. We evaluated a representative sample of the nine taxa with allozymes to estimate genetic relationships within the genus. As some Korean populations were isolated and patchily distributed, they exhibited a low level of genetic diversity. The narrow geographic ranges, artificial distribution of habitats, and small population sizes are proposed as factors contributing to low genetic diversity. Acanthopanax seoulense was similar to A. sessiliflorus, while a cluster of the A. rufinerve population is distant from any other species. A. senticosus is closely related to A. seoulense and A. sessiliflorus, whereas other species (A. koreanum) are more distinct from the Korean populations. Korean species are clustered together and clearly differentiated from the Chinese and Russian Acanthopanax taxa, genus Acanthopanax
Identification of Species-Diagnostic ISSR Markers for Six Eucalyptus Species
Authors: Balasaravanan T. , Chezhian P. , Kamalakannan R. , Yasodha R. , Varghese M. , Gurumurthi K. , Ghosh M.
Published: October 2017

Eucalyptus is planted worldwide for raw material in paper and rayon industry. It is a potential out-crosser and the natural populations are highly heterogeneous displaying strong inbreeding depression. Eucalyptus hybrids have been intensively utilized for their vigor, higher wood quality and resistance to diseases. Identification of species for hybridization is predominantly based on morphological characters and is not always reliable. Hence, DNA marker based species identification and hybrid validation is an important and efficient tool in breeding programs. In the present study, attempts were made to identify species - diagnostic markers for six eucalypt species (E. camaldulensis Dehnh, E. citriodora Hook, E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, E. pellita F. Muell, E. tereticornis Sm and E. urophylla S.T. Blake) using ISSR-PCR fingerprints. PCR amplification using seven ISSR primers resulted in significant polymorphism among the population from different species. E. citriodora and E. tereticornis showed monomorphic frequency of maximum 37.5% and minimum 14.3% respectively. Twenty species-diagnostic markers were identified for E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. grandis and E. urophylla while no marker was detected for E. pellita and E. tereticornis. A maximum of eleven and a minimum of one species-diagnostic marker were recorded for E. citriodora and E. camaldulensis respectively. Among the twenty markers, nine were present in all the individuals of a particular species.
Identification of European and Japanese Larch and Their Interspecific Hybrid with Morphological Markers: Application to Young Seedlings
Authors: Pâques L. E. , Philippe G. , Prat D.
Published: October 2017

Open-pollinated hybridisation seed orchards of European and Japanese larches produce mixed progenies combining a highly variable proportion of hybrids along with pure parental species. For several reasons, it is desirable to identify and to sort out hybrids from pure species at the seedling stage. Taxa identification of 1-2 yr-old seedlings was attempted using non-destructive assessment of several traits, including morphology, phenology, growth and architecture parameters. Two sets of progenies originating from 10 open-pollinated hybridisation seed orchards were used, relying in a first step on taxa identification of individual seedlings with diagnostic molecular markers. Based on 21 traits assessed, some clear trends in pure species and hybrid features were apparent but due to the large and overlapping ranges of taxa characteristics, no single parameter allowed unambiguous identification of taxa. Combination of traits through linear discriminant analysis made possible correct classification of 90.2% to 98.6% of individuals depending on the orchard although there were a few problematic orchards. Two traits appeared particularly pertinent for discriminating young plants taxa, namely 1st-yr leaf retention (marcescence) and the bark colour of 2nd-year shoot increments. Results were corroborated using progenies from several orchards and over two experimental periods.
Field Evaluation of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. at Two Sites in Indo-gangetic Plains of India
Authors: Dhillon G. P. S. , Singh Avtar , Singh Pritpal , Sidhu D. S.
Published: October 2017

Results from clonal trials of Populus deltoides conducted in two distinct agroclimatic regions of Punjab in northwestern India are reported and discussed. Sixteen clones were evaluated at Hambran and Bathinda where commonly grown clone ‘G-48’ was considered as control. Significant differences among clones (P < 0.001) were observed for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and volume at the age of four and six years under both the site conditions. Clone ‘L-48’ ranked first for volume at six year age at both sites and was followed by clone ‘Ranikhet’. The respective superiority for volume of these clones over control was 44.8 and 23.2 per cent at Hambran and 72.5 and 30.7 per cent at Bathinda. All growth traits registered significantly higher values at Hambran in comparison to those at Bathinda. Clone x site interaction was also significant (P < 0.001). The clones ‘L-168’, ‘154/86’, ‘Solan-z’ and ‘170/88’ experienced huge fluctuation in ranking between sites for volume at 6-year age. The DBH and height showed significant and positive correlation with each other and with tree volume at all the age combinations. The clonal mean heritability was quite high both at Hambran (0.73-0.86) and Bathinda (0.80-0.95). The genetic advance were the highest for volume (33.34-64.26%) and the lowest (10.65-22.79%) in case of height.
Karyotypic Studies in Ecotypes of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. from Romania
Authors: Truţǎ Elena , Cǎpraru G. , Surdu Ş. , Zamfirache M.-M. , Olteanu Z. , Roşu C. M. , Opricǎ L.
Published: October 2017

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious Eurasian shrub or small tree with large morphological, biochemical and physiological variability, evidenced by the great number of studies. Cytogenetically, uncertainties exist on species basic number, ploidy level, and sex chromosomes. In this study, detailed cytogenetic measurements were carried out on six Romanian ecotypes belonging to Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp. carpatica Rousi, in order to establish the features and the symmetry degree of karyotypes, to evidence the sex chromosomes, and to construct the idiogram. The ecotypes have 2n = 24 metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. An intraspecific variation exists concerning the proportion of these two morphotypes. The karyotypes have similar symmetry patterns (R = 2.57-2.89; TF%= 38.54-42.70; AsI%= 57.99-61.41; A1=0.27-0.35; A2 = 0.26-0.36) and belong to 1B and 2B classes, being relatively high symmetric. Based on obtained results, we presume that the male sex chromosomes are heteromorphic, while in female plants are homomorphic. The Y chromosome is larger than X chromosome.
Effects of Different Simulated Management Intensities on The Genetic Diversity of a Heart-of-palm Tree Natural Population (Euterpe edulis Martius)
Authors: Silva Juliano Zago Da , Reis Maurício Sedrez Dos
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of selective logging on genetic diversity and inbreeding a heart-of-palm tree (Euterpe edulis), simulating different cutting intensities. To detect the effects of logging, we first performed the genetic characterization of the reproductive plants present in 24 plots that were allocated in Ibirama-SC, Brazil. For the genetic characterization we used allozyme markers, and for simulating the occurrence of different cutting intensities (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 150 seed-trees/ha) we performed 1000 resamplings within the total seed-tree group (599). Thus, it was possible to compare the genetic diversity among the different cutting intensities and the unmanaged population, through alterations to the allelic frequencies, heterozygosity, loss of alleles and increase in the inbreeding. The results of genetic indexes for different cutting intensity were variable, but all presented the same tendency towards genetic diversity reduction when the density of the seed-trees/ha was reduced. The results show that the density of 60 seed-trees/ha, or higher are the most indicated when the objective is to utilize this natural resource in a sustainable way as regards the management issues, because they did not present loss of alleles or reduction in the number of polymorphic loci, and also because they presented the lowest reductions in the observed and expected heterozygosity index and fixation index.
Transnacionalno vlasništvo i lokalna kultura: analiza sadržaja dvaju hrvatskih dnevnih listova
Authors: Zdravković Željka
Published: October 2017

Na temelju analize sadržaja, vrste i profila priloga u kulturnim rubrikama dvaju hrvatskih dnevnih listova, u članku se razmatra utjecaj promjene strukture vlasništva nad medijima na potencijal generiranja kritičke javne sfere i afirmaciju regionalnog karaktera kulture. Ovaj fokus analize odabran je u svjetlu teze da je uspješno uključivanje u globalizacijske procese moguće upravo natemelju postojanja snažnih lokalnih kulturnih identiteta. Analizirana su dva hrvatska regionalna dnevna lista s različitom vlasničkom strukturom, pri čemu je karakter priloga u području kulture poslužio kao indikator promjene uređivačke politike novina koja se događa s privatizacijom medija. Riječ je o prilozima u području kulture objavljivanim u splitskom dnevnom listu SlobodnaDalmacija godinu prije njegova prelaska u transnacionalno korporacijsko vlasništvo (2004.) i godinu nakon što se taj prelazak dogodio (2006.). U istim razdobljima analiziran je i riječki Novi list kao novina s drukčjim strukturom vlasništva.U slučaju Slobodne Dalmacije rezultati analize ukazuju na promjenu fokusa prezentiranih kulturnih tema s lokalno-regionalnog aspekta na teme nacionalnog i međunarodnog karaktera te smanjenje žanrova priloga s kritičkim potencijalom. U Novom listu koji nije promijenio vlasničku strukturu, u istraživanom je razdoblju uočen upravo obrnuti trend; promjena sadržaja s nacionalnim i međunarodnim kulturnim sadržajima na lokalne i regionalne teme, te zadržavanje kritičkog pristupa tim temama. Budući da je Novi list jedna od rijetkih dnevnih novina u Hrvatskoj koja nije u transnacionalnom korporacijskom vlasništvu, analizirani podaci upućuju na to da upravo izostanak takva vlasništva omogućava promicanje i razvoj kulturnih vrijednosti specifičnih za regiju te održavanje kritične lokalne javne sfere.
Tipovi intelektualnih praksi u opusu Esada Ćimića
Authors: Oštarić Željko
Published: October 2017

Skupovi, predavanja, tribine
Percepcija poštivanju prava djeteta u obitelji kod mladih – prikaz empirijskog istraživanja
Authors: Petani Rozana , Mijić Jerka
Published: October 2017

Ljudska prava su temeljni standardi koje država mora jamčiti i osigurati svakom pojedincu. Osim zadovoljavanja bioloških potreba ona uključuju i sve druge uvjete života koji svakom pojedincu omogućuju da u potpunosti razvije i rabi svoje potencijale te da zadovoljava svoje društvene potrebe. Ljudima je trebalo puno vremena da prihvate činjenicu kako se ljudska prava odnosena sva ljudska bića, bez iznimke. I dijete je ljudsko biće i kao takvo treba uživati sva prava kao i odrasla osoba; djeca ih ne moraju "posebno" zaslužiti, i ona im se ne moraju "posebno" dati. No s obzirom na tjelesnu i psihičku nezrelost nametnula se potreba isticanja posebnih prava djeteta na zaštitu koja proizlaze upravo iz te činjenice. Obitelj je bila i ostala primarna zajednica čija je zadaća osigurati optimalne uvjete za rast i razvoj djeteta. Otuda njena važnost i nezamjenjivost sa stajališta pojedinca, ali i sa stajališta čitave društvene zajednice. Naravno, iz toga proizlazi da je obiteljska uloga najvažnija i u dječjem oblikovanju stavova i uvjerenja o njihovim pravima. Da bi se razumjela ljudska prava, a time i osposobilo za bolji život, potrebno je obrazovanje za ljudska prava koje treba započeti od najranije dobi. U tome bi se trebalo krenuti od prava djeteta, s obzirom na to da su ta prava djeci i mladima bliža. Obrazovanje za ljudska prava, učenje je koje razvija znanje i vještine, kao i vrijednosti za ljudska prava. Samo osobe koje razumiju ljudska prava radit će na osiguranju i obrani svojih i tuđih ljudskih prava.Empirijski dio rada odnosi se na rezultate koji su dobiveni istraživanjem kako adolescenti procjenjuju poštivanje svojih prava u obitelji, i to na uzorku od 104 ispitanika polaznika Ekonomsko-birotehničke škole u Splitu. Ukupno gledajući, dobiveni su rezultati pokazali da su mladi zadovoljni razinom poštivanja njihovih prava u obitelji.
Obrazovni diskurs dječje računalne kulture u kontekstu konstrukcije društvene zbilje
Authors: Masiliauskiene Erika
Published: October 2017

Pod uvjetima širenja društva informacija računalo je postala ne samo radni alat nego i sredstvo ispunjavanja slobodnog vremena i komunikacije, ali i sredstvo koje mijenja ljudske aktivnosti i tradicionalni način života. Kao aktivni sudionici ovog društva djeca se kroz kreaciju ali i putem njenog razumijevanja integriraju u društvo. Djeca sama stvaraju računalnu kulture u skladu s povijesnim vremenu u kojem žive. Zbog toga je njihova kultura postmoderna, manje je normativna i sustavna. Unatoč prilično velikom broju istraživanja dječjih računalnih aktivnosti, premalo se pažnje posvećuje dječjoj računalnoj kulturi u cjelini isto kao i sociokulturnim obrazovnim fenomenima modernog društva. U pedagoškim istraživanjima problemu dječje računalne kulture najčešće se pristupa jednosmjerno gdje se najveća pažnja fokusira na pitanja o računalnoj pismenosti i opremljenosti škola s računalima. Kulturne posebnosti najčešće seidentificiraju prema jednoj pojavi – dječjem igranju kompjuterskih igara.Osnovni problem istraživanja odnosi se na proučavanje konteksta obrazovnog diskursa dječje računalne kulture kao fenomena modernog informacijskog društva koji teoretski može biti utemeljen i empirijski ispitan primjenom kvalitativne i kvantitativne istraživačke metode i teorije konstrukcije društvene stvarnosti.
Doprinos J. H. Newmana rješenju problema odnosa vjere i razuma
Authors: Dadić Borislav , Poljak Maja
Published: October 2017

Pitanje odnosa vjere i razuma spada među najstarija filozofska pitanja te su kroz povijest filozofije razni mislioci pokušali na nj dati odgovor. Neki su razum pretpostavljali vjeri, drugi vjeru razumu, dok su treći pak polazili od toga da je odnos vjere i razuma komplementaran i harmoničan odnos. Među mislioce posljednje filozofske tradicije ubrajamo i J. H. Newmana, velikog engleskog mislioca, čije ćemo shvaćanje i doprinos navedenom pitanju proučiti u ovomradu. Pitanje odnosa vjere i razuma, možemo slobodno reći, spada među najznačajnija pitanja Newmanove filozofske misli te ga je on prvenstveno obrađivao unutar dvije filozofske discipline: filozofije spoznaje i filozofije religije. Naš autor polazi od toga da vjera kao specifično ljudski čin ima racionalni karakter te da joj razum može poslužiti pri objašnjenju i jednim dijelom pri prihvaćanju nadnaravnih istina omogućavanjem čovjeku da uvidi da ne postoje nikakve racionalne prepreke koje bi ga spriječile u prihvaćanju objavljenih istina. U radu ćemo se također upoznati s Newmanovom shvaćanjem uloge razuma u shvaćanju i prihvaćanju misterija, te njegovom podjelom rasuđivanja na dvije vrste, formalnog i neformalnog. Unutar proučavanja posljednje vrste rasuđivanja susrest ćemo se s Newmanovim originalnim shvaćanjem posebne uloge koju neformalno ili implicitno rasuđivanje ima u pristanku na navedene istine, te njegovom jasnom distinkcijom između psihološke i logičke strukture procesa rasuđivanja zahvaljujući kojoj je pokazao da formalno rasuđivanje nije jedina racionalna vrsta rasuđivanja, pa samim time nije jedino mjerilo racionalnosti pristanka.
O realitetu vremena u filozofiji i fizici
Authors: Jakić Mirko , Poljak Dragan
Published: October 2017

U radu se razmatra pitanje egzistencije vremena sa stanovišta filozofije i fizike. Naglašava sepovezanost entropije i smjera vremena od prošlosti prema budućnosti. Posebno se raspravljao poveznici McTaggartovih vremenskih nizova s nekim fizikalnim aspektima vremena kaošto je primjerice poveznica s Einsteinovom teorijom relativnosti. U radu se detaljno propitujeMcTaggartova konkluzija o nepostojanju vremena te se pruža dokaz da je ovaj filozofskidomišljen rezultat slučaj primjene onto-logičkoga contradictio in adjecto pravila racionalnosti.Konačno, u radu se navode neke novije filozofske i fizikalne hipoteze o prirodi vremena.
“There’s some colonial in my postcolonial”: Community Development Workers’ Perspectives on Faith-based Service Learning in a Guatemalan Context
Authors: Balzer Geraldine , Heidebrecht Luke
Published: October 2017

Faith-based relief and development organization Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) has been involved in the country of Guatemala since 1976 when they responded to relief needs in light of the devastating earthquake at the time. Since then MCC has invested in a number of communities throughout Guatemala in various capacities, one of which has been the development of service and learning opportunities aimed at exposing and connecting students/participants in the global north with the people and issues within the global south. As researchers of service learning, who are also committed to a faith tradition and have participated in or have been in relationship with MCC in some capacity, we are interested in evaluating how their faith tradition has helped to both construct their practice as well as critique it. One of the aims of our research is to collaborate with MCC practitioners in assessing and examining their current practice of service/learning in Guatemala in an effort to discover ways in which they are creating opportunities for positive societal change – both in the lives of the student/ participants and the communities in Guatemala, while critiquing the traditional colonial and neocolonial approaches to development.
Precariedad laboral en América Latina: contribuciones para un modelo para armar
Authors: Julián Vejar Dasten
Published: October 2017

Los estudios sobre la precariedad se han extendido ampliamente en la actualidad de las ciencias sociales. Su presencia en las publicaciones científicas, investigaciones, congresos, y otros ámbitos ha tenido eco en los estudios acerca del trabajo. Esta situación permite que se planteen interrogantes sobre las definiciones y las particularidades que presenta la precariedad, como concepto y relación, en la investigación, la comprensión y el análisis de la realidad latinoamericana. Si se toma en cuenta que este debate tuvo su origen, principalmente, en países europeos como Francia y Alemania, se hace necesario problematizar su pertinencia en contextos y configuraciones sociales en los que la protección y el bienestar social no han sido garantías históricas de la política estatal y que tampoco se encuentran asociados a procesos de industrialización o modernidades tempranas. En este artículo se revisan algunas de las propuestas para el estudio y conceptualización de la precariedad laboral en América Latina, articulada a diversas lecturas de las transformaciones del trabajo en el siglo XXI. Se hace un examen general a las propuestas de Enrique de la Garza, Ricardo Antunes, Minor Mora Salas y Diego Piñeiro referentes a los cambios en el trabajo y al diálogo de este proceso con la precariedad laboral en América Latina. Se tiene en cuenta la diversidad de sus enfoques, sus contextos geográficos y temáticos de referencia para poner en tensión la precariedad laboral. A partir de ello, se genera una propuesta de sistematización y de diálogo entre estos diversos enfoques para identificar las condiciones que expresan la particularidad de la realidad social latinoamericana en relación con el fenómeno del trabajo. Se incorporan los debates con respecto a la informalidad, la marginalidad y el trabajo autónomo, así como la colonialidad, el racismo, el patriarcado, la esclavitud y el trabajo forzoso, para dar cuenta de los nudos temáticos que permiten integrar una visión multidimensional de la precariedad. Finalmente, se exponen algunas conclusiones para el estudio empírico de la precariedad laboral en los actuales contextos de neoliberalismo, globalización y diversificación de las formas del trabajo.
O trabalho de músicos no Brasil: tensões identitárias e arranjos domésticos
Authors: Horta Nunes Jordão
Published: October 2017

El mercado de trabajo de músicos en Brasil es heterogéneo en diversos aspectos. Se caracteriza por la informalidad y la precarización, además de la segmentación de género, tanto en sentido de formas musicales como en el de relaciones sociales de sexo y construcción de representaciones sociales correlativas. El propósito del texto es analizar el trabajo de músicos en Brasil destacando el reciente desplazamiento ocupacional que afecta las identidades profesionales y las prácticas de conciliación y los arreglos domésticos en domicilios donde viven los músicos. La metodología utiliza una aproximación cuali-cuantitativa y triangulación de fuentes: bases de datos gubernamentales, survey que emplea perfiles en internet seleccionados por web scraping y entrevistas. El análisis factorial exploratorio con base en variables relacionadas al trabajo doméstico y al trabajo musical identificó cinco factores: arreglo tradicional de delegación, trabajo musical competitivo, arreglo de conciliación societaria, conciliación interna, conciliación comunitaria. Se encontró que el tipo de delegación tradicional, con empleo doméstico, no se explica solo por la relación entre el trabajo reproductivo y el productivo, con la tradicional desvaloración o subalternización del primero, pero por una construcción de género que resulta destinando a las mujeres, minoritarias en la ocupación, a las actividades de enseñanza en educación superior y a la ubicación en formaciones estables, generalmente con rendimientos más altos y formas de contratación menos flexibilizadas. Las estrategias de conciliación que involucran el trabajo musical refleten la distinción, en un contexto de rasgos culturales y sociales específicos, entre orientarse por una asistencia disponible en el mercado de servicios, por el Estado o por arreglos familiares, vistas como tipos ideales, ya que estas prácticas se interpenetran. Sin embargo, el panorama actual, si considerado desde los factores extraídos, revela un desequilibrio en relación con la experiencia y la teorización en países con políticas públicas de conciliación entre familia y trabajo más consolidadas, como una articulación que sería indicada, por ejemplo, en la combinación, en un mismo factor, de prácticas conciliatorias internas o comunitarias y recurso a instituciones societarias de servicios sociales.
La ausencia de capabilities: común denominador de las trayectorias laborales de las mujeres en los mercados de servicios a las personas
Authors: Santos Pérez María Lourdes , Valencia Olivero Nelcy Yoly
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se presentan los resultados más relevantes obtenidos en una investigación en la que se examinaron críticamente las trayectorias laborales de algunas mujeres colombianas que participaron en los mercados laborales globalizados de los denominados “servicios a las personas”, específicamente en el mercado laboral español, en el periodo comprendido entre el 2000 y el 2007. Se emplea esta denominación para designar un conjunto de actividades relacionadas con los trabajos domésticos y de cuidado que, sin embargo, una reflexión más detenida lleva a considerar que se hallan en los intersticios o en la zona de penumbra del significado del concepto de trabajo, pues en el comportamiento cotidiano de quienes intervienen en su configuración se advierten múltiples tensiones entre lo formal y lo informal, lo visible y lo invisible, lo regular y lo irregular, y lo privado y lo público. Aunque la investigación se llevó a cabo empleando una metodología mixta, que combinaba investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, el estudio se centró, específicamente, en analizar los resultados de la parte cuantitativa. Con este propósito, se anudó a nuestra indagación empírica, concretada en un ejercicio de regresión logística, un conjunto de consideraciones teóricas que se han introducido en forma de notas, para explorar el potencial heurístico que presenta la noción de capacidades (capabilities) seniana, revisada desde la perspectiva de género por autoras feministas como Martha Nussbaum. Algunas de las conclusiones más sobresalientes de este trabajo son: 1) en cada uno de los casos de las mujeres de esta investigación están presentes las desigualdades estructurales de las que proceden, la falta de oportunidades y la representación de inequidades de género, en el momento de ofrecer su fuerza de trabajo en el mercado; 2) dichos elementos coadyuvan en la formación de un perfil para el trabajo; y 3) su inserción en el mercado de servicios a las personas comporta simultáneamente continuidad y ruptura en términos de capacidades. En este sentido, sus trayectorias laborales se configuran tomando como referentes las circunstancias de origen, así como toda una suerte de discursos e imaginarios que les sirven para construir un sentido a su decisión con respecto a en qué trabajar, cómo y dónde hacerlo
Precarización laboral y revitalización sindical en Uruguay: los trabajadores de comercio y servicios
Authors: Marrero Nicolás Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Este artículo aborda las transformaciones del mundo del trabajo y el sindicalismo en Uruguay, para ello se estudia el caso de la Federación de Empleados de Comercio y Servicios (Fuecys). El texto centra su atención en la percepción del actor sindical sobre los cambios vinculados a las formas de organización del trabajo. Se analizan las propuestas programáticas y las acciones sindicales vinculadas al mundo del trabajo. Con esto, se constata que los cambios del mundo del trabajo y la intervención del Estado en la relación capital-trabajo configuran escenarios que limitan y posibilitan la acción del sujeto sindical. La acción de la Fuecys se desarrolla en medio de dos tensiones: por una parte, se lleva a cabo en un mundo del trabajo cuya característica sobresaliente para el sector de comercio y servicios es la emergencia estructural de la precariedad laboral y su origen se ubica en los cambios de la organización del trabajo, que operan como una fuente de debilitamiento de la organización sindical. Por otra parte, a partir de las transformaciones político-institucionales que resultan del cambio de gobierno en Uruguay desde el 2005, se configura un nuevo marco de relaciones laborales que reinstala los Consejos de Salarios como un mecanismo fundamental para la regulación del conflicto entre capital y trabajo y deja al Estado la tarea de mediador en esta relación. El aprovechamiento continuo de las libertades sindicales y de los mecanismos de negociación colectiva por parte de la Fuecys ha significado un aumento del número de sus integrantes así como mayor capacidad de movilización y organización colectivas. La estrategia metodológica se basa en el estudio de caso y las técnicas de recolección y análisis de información corresponden a entrevistas en profundidad, revelamiento de documentos y de material de propaganda de los sindicatos, observación directa y análisis de datos secundarios. El estudio se enfoca en cuatro sectores que agrupan a más de la mitad de los afiliados de Fuecys: supermercados, seguridad privada, empresas de limpieza y call centers.