bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las dimensiones sociales de la percepción de la energía nuclear. Un análisis del caso español (1960-2015)
Authors: Espluga Trenc Josep , Medina Beatriz , Presas Albert , Rubio-Varas Mar , De la Torre Joseba
Published: December 2017

La energía nuclear es una tecnología compleja, que requiere un uso muy intensivo de recursos y una toma de decisiones muy centralizada, cuya gobernanza supone un auténtico reto para las sociedades democráticas. En el presente artículo se exploran las percepciones sociales sobre la energía nuclear en España a partir de un análisis de encuestas de opinión y de los argumentos de actores de tres estudios de caso (Vandellós I, Valdecaballeros y ATC). Los resultados muestran cómo las argumentaciones de unos y otros actores se basan en diferentes dimensiones del riesgo, a menudo ignoradas en las encuestas y por varios de los actores, lo cual supone una seria dificultad para superar las controversias suscitadas por este tipo de energía.
Semantic Analysis and Text Summarization in Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Rizun Nina
Published: December 2017

In this chapter, the authors present the results of the development the text-mining methodology for increasing the reliability of the functioning of Socio-technical System (STS). Taking into account revealed strengths and weaknesses of Discriminant and Probabilistic approaches of Latent Semantic Relations analysis in of the abstracting and summarization projection, the Methodology of Two-level Single Document Summarization was developed. The Methodology assumes the following elements of novelty: based on obtaining a multi-level topical framework of the document (abstracting); uses the synergy effect of consistent usage the combination of two approaches for identification of conceptually significant elements of the text (summarization). The examples demonstrating the basic workability of proposed Methodology were presented. Such approaches should help human to increase the quality of supporting the decision-making processes of STS in real time.
The Scholarship of Learning and Teaching in the Dynamic Discipline of Pharmacology and Chemistry
Authors: Karaksha Abdullah
Published: December 2017

The scholarship of learning and teaching (SoLT) involves research into practices of teaching, learning, and curriculum. SoLT's main principle is that effective teachers in higher education should engage in scholarly teaching practices as a matter of course by staying in touch with the latest research developments in their discipline, integrating these developments into their curriculum, and routinely gathering and using student feedback to guide curriculum review and improvement. SoLT research focuses on understanding student learning in order to improve the teaching and learning experience for participants. SoLT principles are particularly important in pharmacology and chemistry education because they entail rich content that is rapidly changing. Over the years, the discipline of pharmacology has undergone rapid expansion and advancement: the number of United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs has increased exponentially, patients have become more educated, and our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying many adverse drug events and interactions has evolved.
Modelling the Enablers of Supply Risk Management Using Interpretive Structural Methodology
Authors: Ganguly Kunal , Das Debabrata
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this paper is to develop a structural framework for supply risk management process (SRMP) and establish its link with Supplier Selection (SS). Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) approach is used to develop the structural framework. The enablers for SRMP are identified through extensive literature review and further discussion held with managers/ senior engineers in an Indian Automobile manufacturing company. In the second stage of the work, the structural framework is developed where the enablers are classified into four categories based on their driving power and dependence. The identification of enablers and their linkages for SRMP which influences SS sheds light on the problem of supply risk management efforts. This can enable managers in deciding the priority of various enablers and linkages between them. This can also help supply chain managers to take proactive steps in improving these enablers and consider Supply Risk for the SS process.
Smart Senior Residences
Authors: Bouchard Bruno , Bouchard Kevin , Gaboury Sebastien , Bouzouane Abdenour
Published: December 2017

Population aging is the most significant social transformations of our century. In this context, affordable senior housing with supportive services is a key component to the world's long-term care continuum. One of the main issues is how to cost-efficiently provide adapted (and increasingly complex) care services in senior residences to an exponentially growing number of people considering staff shortage. The rise in operating costs (energy, food, etc.) forces companies to find new ways to stay competitive. In that context, this chapter tries to propose avenues of solutions by giving some answers to a simple question: how to optimize the work of the staff to meet the growing demand considering the context of staff shortage. More precisely, this chapter studies methods and strategies to exploit Ambient Intelligence and Big Data to increase the number of residents an employee can support by automating a part of his daily work.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Four Types of Orthodontic Brackets with Different Base Technologies
Authors: Chaudhary Gaurang H. , Mattevi Gianina Salton , Gakunga Peter Thiuri
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets systems with four different base technologies.

Materials and Methods

Maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into four groups of thirty specimens each: (1) Master Series™ conventional twin, (2) T3™ self-ligating, (3) Victory series™ conventional twin, and (4) H4™ self-ligating brackets. Maxillary first premolars were bracketed using an acid-etch composite system, and the SBS measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. The ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were performed with significance predetermined at P ≤ 0.05.

Results

The overall mean bond strengths were 8.49 ± 2.93, 10.85 ± 3.34, 9.42 ± 2.97, and 9.73 ± 2.62 for the Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 brackets, respectively. One-way ANOVA test gave an F = 3.182 with a P = 0.026. The Group 1 and Group 2 were observed to have statistically significant difference with a P = 0.014.

Conclusions

The T3 self-ligating one-piece design with microetched Quadra Grip™ base brackets had the highest bond strength. The SBS difference between Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 was not significant, but the difference between Group 2 and Group 1 was statistically significant.
Nemški Pavliha v primerjavi s svojo predlogo Tyll Eulenspiegels wunderbare und seltsame Historien
Authors: Javor Briški Marija
Published: December 2017

Upoštevajoč družbenozgodovinsko ozadje ciljnih bralcev, članek z vsebinskega, strukturnega, medijskega in frazeološkega vidika primerja slovenski prevod Nemški Pavliha z njegovo na novo odkrito predlogo Tyll Eulenspiegels wunderbare und seltsame Historien.
Web Resources and Tools for Slovenian with a Focus on the Slovenian-English Language Infrastructure: Dictionaries in the Digital Age
Authors: Šorli Mojca
Published: December 2017

The article begins with a presentation of a selection of electronic monolingual and bi/multilingual lexicographic resources and corpora available today to contemporary users of Slovene. The focus is on works combined with English and designed for translation purposes which provide information on the meaning of words and wider lexical units, i.e., e-dictionaries, lexical databases, web translation tools and various corpora. In a separate sub-section the most common translation technologies are presented, together with an evaluation of their role in the modern translation process. Sections 2 and 3 provide a brief outline of the changes that have affected classical dictionary planning, compilation and use in the new digital environment, as well as of the relationship between dictionaries and related resources, such as lexical databases. Some stereotypes regarding dictionary use are identified and, in conclusion, the existing corpus-based databases for the Slovenian-English pair are presented, with a view to determining priorities for the future interlingual infrastructure action plans in Slovenia.
Selecting and Installing Energy-Efficient Windows to Improve Dwelling Sustainability
Authors: Friedman Avi , Matheson Morgan
Published: December 2017

Windows play a significant role in achieving comfort in buildings by letting in natural light, solar warmth, fresh air and permitting outdoor views. On the other hand, poor quality windows can be the source of overheating or unwanted infiltration or exfiltration of air. Quality windows, therefore, influence the dwelling’s energy consumption and consequently its sustainability. Heat losses through the building envelope can occur in any of three mechanisms: conduction, convection and radiation. In all cases, windows are the “weakest link”. As such, windows represent the most important investment in the construction or renovation of any dwelling. They are also highly variable in price, appearance and performance, making their selection an ambiguous and sometimes difficult process. This paper examines a window unit’s energy performance and provides guidelines for its selection, installation and integration into the home’s design.
Atenção à saúde da população em situação de rua
Authors: Schervinski Ana Carolini , Negrão Merry Carolina , Evangelista Isabelle Cristine , Cardoso Pachedo Vanessa
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo abordamos a compreensão que os moradores de rua da cidade de Joinville/SC têm sobre saúde, doença e cuidado, bem como os serviços prestados a essa população. Este estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a melhoria das práticas assistenciais de saúde voltadas à população em situação de rua e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas com oito homens e duas mulheres moradores de rua. As percepções de saúde da população em situação de rua estão diretamente relacionadas aos hábitos de vida de cada indivíduo, transcendendo assim o conceito da literatura.
Gradients of column CO2 across North America from the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network
Authors: Lan Xin , Tans Pieter , Sweeney Colm , Andrews Arlyn , Jacobson Andrew , Crotwell Molly , Dlugokencky Edward , Kofler Jonathan , Lang Patricia , Thoning Kirk , Wolter Sonja
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study analyzes seasonal and spatial patterns of column carbon dioxide (CO2) over North America, calculated from aircraft and tall tower measurements from the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network from 2004 to 2014. Consistent with expectations, gradients between the eight regions studied are larger below 2 km than above 5 km. The 11-year mean CO2 dry mole fraction (XCO2) in the column below  ∼  330 hPa ( ∼  8 km above sea level) from NOAA's CO2 data assimilation model, CarbonTracker (CT2015), demonstrates good agreement with those calculated from calibrated measurements on aircraft and towers. Total column XCO2 was attained by combining modeled CO2 above 330 hPa from CT2015 with the measurements. We find large spatial gradients of total column XCO2 from June to August, with north and northeast regions having  ∼  3 ppm stronger summer drawdown (peak-to-valley amplitude in seasonal cycle) than the south and southwest regions. The long-term averaged spatial gradients of total column XCO2 across North America show a smooth pattern that mainly reflects the large-scale circulation. We have conducted a CarbonTracker experiment to investigate the impact of Eurasian long-range transport. The result suggests that the large summertime Eurasian boreal flux contributes about half of the north–south column XCO2 gradient across North America. Our results confirm that continental-scale total column XCO2 gradients simulated by CarbonTracker are realistic and can be used to evaluate the credibility of some spatial patterns from satellite retrievals, such as the long-term average of growing-season spatial patterns from satellite retrievals reported for Europe which show a larger spatial difference ( ∼  6 ppm) and scattered hot spots.
The Strengthening Relationship between Eurasian Snow Cover and December Haze Days in Central North China after the Mid-1990s
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Wang Huijun
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades and imposes damage on society, ecosystems, and human health. In addition to anthropogenic emissions, climate change and variability were conducive to haze in China. In this study, the relationship between the snow cover over East Europe and West Siberia (SCES) and the number of haze days in December in central North China was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the SCES and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations. During 1998–2016, the SCES significantly influenced the soil moisture and land surface radiation, and then, the combined underlying drivers of enhanced soil moisture and radiative cooling moved the East Asia jet stream northward and induced anomalous, anti-cyclonic circulation over central North China. Modulated by such atmospheric circulations, the local lower boundary layer, the decreased surface wind and the more humid air were conducive to the worsening dispersion conditions and frequent haze occurrences. In contrast, from 1979 to 1997, the linkage between the SCES and soil moisture was negligible. Furthermore, the correlated radiative cooling was distributed narrowly and far from the key area of snow cover. The associated atmospheric circulations with the SCES were not significantly linked with the ventilation conditions over central North China. Consequently, the relationship between the SCES and the number of hazy days in central North China was insignificant before the mid-1990s but has strengthened and has become significant since then.
The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Abrantes Fátima , Rodrigues Teresa , Rufino Marta , Salgueiro Emília , Oliveira Dulce , Gomes Sandra , Oliveira Paulo , Costa Ana , Mil-Homens Mário , Drago Teresa , Naughton Filipa
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The Mediterranean region is a climate hot spot, sensitive not only to global warming but also to water availability. In this work we document major temperature and precipitation changes in the Iberian Peninsula and margin during the last 2000 years and propose an interplay of the North Atlantic internal variability with the three atmospheric circulation modes (ACMs), (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), east atlantic (EA) and Scandinavia (SCAND)) to explain the detected climate variability. We present reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST derived from alkenones) and on-land precipitation (estimated from higher plant n-alkanes and pollen data) in sedimentary sequences recovered along the Iberian Margin between the south of Portugal (Algarve) and the northwest of Spain (Galiza) (36 to 42° N). A clear long-term cooling trend, from 0 CE to the beginning of the 20th century, emerges in all SST records and is considered to be a reflection of the decrease in the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation that began after the Holocene optimum. Multi-decadal/centennial SST variability follows other records from Spain, Europe and the Northern Hemisphere. Warm SSTs throughout the first 1300 years encompass the Roman period (RP), the Dark Ages (DA) and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). A cooling initiated at 1300 CE leads to 4 centuries of colder SSTs contemporary with the Little Ice Age (LIA), while a climate warming at 1800 CE marks the beginning of the modern/Industrial Era. Novel results include two distinct phases in the MCA: an early period (900–1100 years) characterized by intense precipitation/flooding and warm winters but a cooler spring–fall season attributed to the interplay of internal oceanic variability with a positive phase in the three modes of atmospheric circulation (NAO, EA and SCAND). The late MCA is marked by cooler and relatively drier winters and a warmer spring–fall season consistent with a shift to a negative mode of the SCAND. The Industrial Era reveals a clear difference between the NW Iberia and the Algarve records. While off NW Iberia variability is low, the Algarve shows large-amplitude decadal variability with an inverse relationship between SST and river input. Such conditions suggest a shift in the EA mode, from negative between 1900 and 1970 CE to positive after 1970, while NAO and SCAND remain in a positive phase. The particularly noticeable rise in SST at the Algarve site by the mid-20th century (±1970), provides evidence for a regional response to the ongoing climate warming. The reported findings have implications for decadal-scale predictions of future climate change in the Iberian Peninsula.
High latitude Southern Hemisphere fire history during the Mid-Late Holocene (750–6000 yr BP)
Authors: Battistel Dario , Kehrwald Natalie M. , Zennaro Piero , Pellegrino Giuseppe , Barbaro Elena , Zangrando Roberta , Pedeli Xanthi X. , Varin Cristiano , Spolaor Andrea , Vallelonga Paul T. , Gambaro Andrea , Barbante Carlo
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Abstract. High latitude Southern Hemisphere fire history was reconstructed by determining the specific biomarker levoglucosan in ice cores from the TALos Dome Ice CorE drilling project (TALDICE) during the Mid-Late Holocene (750–6000 yr BP). Potassium was also analyzed in order to provide a comparison with another fire proxy to create a more robust biomass burning record. The levoglucosan record is characterized by a long-term increase with higher rates starting at ~ 4000 yr BP and higher peaks between 1500 and 2500 yr BP. Comparisons with charcoal syntheses help evaluate fire sources, showing a possible higher contribution from Patagonian fires rather than Australian biomass burning. We interpret the anomalous increase in levoglucosan centred at ~ 2000 yr BP as a combination of the atmospheric transport pathway and the interplay between climatic factors.
Notas sobre el uso de textos de literatura filipina en español en las clases de E/LE en Filipinas
Authors: Dominique Monsod Jean Auguste
Published: December 2017

La lengua y la cultura están interrelacionadas. En Filipinas, el español constituye el núcleo de la identidad cultural poscolonial filipina. Esto se ve representado en la literatura filipina escrita en español. Sin embargo, las cambiantes relaciones de poder ya han revaluado el español en el país: aunque era una de las lenguas oficiales, ahora se enseña como lengua extranjera. Además, la literatura filipina escrita en español se ha quedado desconocida y poco leída. Este trabajo es un acercamiento teórico a la posibilidad de integrar textos de literatura filipina en español en las clases de E/LE en Filipinas. Proponemos actividades didácticas que luego vamos a estrenar en la Universidad de Filipinas Diliman. Para racionalizar tal posibilidad, partimos de dos premisas: que la universidad ofrece un programa de grado en estudios hispánicos y que siendo el español un patrimonio tanto cultural como lingüístico en el país, los estudiantes filipinos pueden aprovechar la oportunidad de aprender el español con un componente cultural más personal y experiencial. Este trabajo pretende contribuir al desarrollo de actividades y materiales que promueven el aprendizaje de español en Filipinas no como una lengua extranjera sino como una clave importante para conocer la identidad filipina en el mundo moderno.
¿Nuevas socializaciones, viejas cuestiones? Adolescencia y género en la era audiovisual
Authors: Pibernat Vila Marina
Published: December 2017

La familia y la escuela, con sus cambios históricos, han llevado el peso de la labor de la socialización y transmisión cultural de las nuevas generaciones. La reciente llegada de los medios de comunicación de masas y los avances tecnológicos ha alterado los antiguos esquemas de este proceso humano. Ha surgido una generación de adolescentes capaces de producir y consumir sus propios contenidos audiovisuales, además de los propuestos por la industria mediática. Sin embargo, cabe preguntarse si todos estos cambios, substanciales en muchos aspectos, han producido un verdadero cambio en las representaciones tradicionales de los roles de géneros.
Autenticidad, marca personal y agencia sexual: el posfeminismo lésbico en youtube
Authors: Caballero Gálvez Antonio , Tortajada Iolanda , Willem Cilia
Published: December 2017

Youtube, espacio mediático postelevisivo por excelencia, modifica los códigos de representación y comunicación entre jóvenes sobre temas como la identidad y la orientación sexual. Así, la plataforma de vídeo se ha convertido en el arma definitiva del activismo LGTBQ (Polo, 2016) donde gays, lesbianas, bisexuales y queers se abren paso en la red. Esto ocurre mientras el posfeminismo se consolida en los medios mainstream como lo que parece la única vía de representación femenina: ostentado en numerosas ocasiones por iconos de la cultura popular, el posfeminismo se caracteriza por un efecto ‘rebote’ contra el feminismo histórico, reivindicando una mujer liberada, asertiva y auténtica, obviando así las injusticias del patriarcado que siguen existiendo (Tasker y Negra, 2005; Gill, 2007). Los patrones de estas representaciones posfeministas están vinculadas por una parte con la autenticidad, el éxito, la libertad de elección y el empoderamiento femenino y, por otra parte, con la agencia sexual de las mujeres y el uso que éstas hacen de su cuerpo para conseguir privilegios. Este estudio indaga en cómo las representaciones de youtubers lesbianas, por una parte, reproducen y, por otra parte, se resisten a este posfeminismo mainstream. Con este objetivo hemos seleccionado una muestra de cinco youtubers lesbianas españolas con un gran número de suscriptores (YellowMellow, Dulceida, Xuri Fenton, Gominuke, Koala Rabioso). Los resultados muestran, por un lado, la gestión del propio cuerpo principalmente situada fuera de la mirada masculina y generadora de nuevos imaginarios - en este caso, lésbicos. Esto otorga a las youtubers lesbianas una agencia sexual que no está enmarcada en el posfeminismo, sino que desarrolla su propio lenguaje. Por otro lado, estas youtubers ostentan una autenticidad más reflexiva (Giddens, 1994) y más comprometida que la de las representaciones posfeministas, generalmente vacías de contenido político. Aunque cada una de ellas crea una marca personal exitosa - más o menos vinculada a grandes marcas o el cosmetismo -, reclaman la autenticidad como valor principal y consiguen mantener una credibilidad a través de la gestión de sus fracasos en clave humorística.
La cultura mediática y el discurso posmachista: análisis retórico de facebook ante la violencia de género
Authors: Etura Hernández Dunia , Gutiérrez Sanz Víctor , Martín Jiménez Virginia
Published: December 2017

Este artículo estudia la presencia del discurso posmachista en la red social Facebook mediante el análisis de evento comunicativo particular. Concretamente, la investigación se centra en las interacciones generadas en dicha red social tras el anuncio que realizó el periodista español Jordi Évole de la futura emisión de un reportaje titulado “El machismo mata”, enmarcado dentro del espacio televisivo líder de audiencia Salvados, que finalmente se emitió el 7 de febrero de 2016. Así pues, se ha seleccionado un corpus de estudio conformado por los comentarios que el 31 de enero de 2016 (hasta las 0:00 horas) recibió el primer post que publicó Salvados - y que su director Jordi Évole compartió en su perfil- y que recibió más de 4000 reacciones y 98 comentarios. Mediante el estudio de esta muestra discursiva, se ha analizado (desde la teoría feminista y el análisis del discurso con base retórico-argumental) la respuesta de los distintos usuarios ante el anuncio de Salvados, con el objetivo de describir el marco ideológico subyacen a los ataques que se lanzaron hacia el programa cuando comunicó su interés por arrancar la nueva temporada con un especial sobre violencia de género y el discurso posmachista que a partir de ese anuncio se desarrolló en Facebook. Entre las principales conclusiones de esta investigación, destaca la definición de un patrón discursivo común del prosumidor en la Red vinculado a una cultura mediática posmachista y un comportamiento diferencial por géneros en el posicionamiento frente a la violencia contra las mujeres.
Max Scheler: educar é humanizar
Authors: Schulz Almiro
Published: December 2017

A educação foi e é objeto de estudo, de análise, de reflexão e de interesse de agentes de múltiplos setores e áreas de saberes, seja no âmbito das políticas públicas, da economia, seja no acadêmico, em especial, das áreas de sociologia, história, psicologia e filosofia. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um aspecto central da visão

da filosofia da educação de Max Scheler, segundo o qual educar significa humanizar. O texto é resultado de um projeto de pesquisa sobre Max Scheler, com base em uma revisão bibliográfica de textos primários e de comentadores. Mesmo que Scheler não tivesse a educação como problema originário de seus estudos e pesquisas, pois é mais conhecido por suas preocupações e elaborações no campo da ética, em especial sobre os valores, ele desenvolveu um sistema axiológico; tratou da filosofia da religião; e, posteriormente, voltou-se para a antropologia

filosófica. Essas questões acabaram gerando a necessidade de inserir em suas abordagens e discussões a educação como processo de humanização, que é uma de suas concepções-chave na visão educativa. Parte, portanto, de uma antropologia, tendo como ponto central a indagação: quem é o homem? Humanizar significa desenvolver o espírito, o que é peculiar ao homem e distingue-o dos outros seres vivos. É um processo, um vir a ser, um ir e vir, um avançar e retroceder. Educar é humanizar.
Nursing care of the patient undergoing lumbar spinal fusion
Authors: Lall Maureen P.
Published: December 2017

Lumbar spinal fusion is a surgical procedure performed to join—or fuse—2 or more vertebrae in the low back. The procedure is done to stabilize the spine and prevent damage to the cauda equina and emanating nerve roots. Lumbar fusion is commonly indicated for patients with vertebral fractures, infection, or spinal tumors, and it may be appropriate for select patients with degenerative disorders and spinal stenosis. Nurses who care for patients undergoing lumbar fusion require an understanding of lumbar spinal anatomy, spinal pathology, surgical indications, and diagnostic modalities. Knowledge of the distinct surgical approaches and their respective advantages and disadvantages allows nurses to individualize patient care and be alert to postoperative complications. This article reviews clinical and research literature regarding lumbar fusion, with an emphasis on the role of the nurse in promoting a safe perioperative course.
PrEP: AIDS-Free Hope in Namibia?
Authors: Namhindo Eben-Eser Ndaamenwa , Mei Fanghua , Cao Rui , Lai Shenghai , Dai Yufan , Lai Hong , Zhu Meng , Fu Huimin , Huang Huang , Wang Jun
Published: December 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes infections and over time leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV causes a loss of immune function in human and subsequent development of opportunistic infections. Namibia, one important country in West Africa, has been suffering HIV/AIDS incidence over years. Among people between 15 to 49 years old, the national HIV prevalence rate is more than 10%, which causes huge health and economic loss. Recently, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been approved in Namibia for better prevention of HIV/AIDS. In this paper, we will review the current epidemic condition of HIV and the role played by PrEP in Namibia.
The Implementation and Evaluation of an Instructional Design Based on the Interdisciplinary Approach: Conscious Consumer Education
Authors: Karakus Memet , Yesilpinar Uyar Melis
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate the instructional design prepared as consumer-oriented and based upon interdisciplinary curriculum. In this study, case study approach, which is one of the qualitative research patterns, was employed. Observations, interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. For analyzing the data, inductive and deductive content analysis methods in the scope of the content analysis were used in combination. Consequently, it was indicated that instructional design which was developed with an interdisciplinary approach contributed to gain interdisciplinary knowledge and skills and develop consumer consciousness. In the light of these results we may conclude that this design is implementable. However, it was clear that the students had difficulties in points such as performing mathematical operations and expressing warrants. These situations made the implementation process more difficult. These results will contribute to the development of various approaches in mathematics instruction and the diversification of the implementations regarding mathematics use in real life.
Rotina de exames na atenção ao pré-natal após a implantação do Programa Rede Mãe Paraense
Authors: Ferreira Helder , Novelli Inês Angelica , França Andrea Ferreira Ouchi , Caldeira Sebatião , Silva Rosane Meire Munhak
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: conhecer as percepções de profissionais de saúde e gestores acerca das rotinas de exames na atenção ao pré-natal, após a implantação do Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no primeiro semestre de 2015, por meio de entrevistas com 19 profissionais atuantes em serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde de municípios da nona Regional de Saúde do Paraná, Brasil. Para análise dos resultados utilizou-se análise temática. Resultados: o enfermeiro é o principal responsável por solicitar os exames, as gestantes tem acesso aos exames laboratoriais, mas o desafio permanece na liberação dos exames de imagem. As dificuldades centraram-se na atenção às brasiguaias, na contrarreferência por parte do hospital de alto risco, custeio dos exames, resistência médica em solicitar alguns exames, falta de recursos e organização do trabalho. Considerações finais: o programa possibilitou melhorias nas rotinas de exames, contudo, as dificuldades apontadas poderão comprometer a atenção ao pré-natal.
How do different aspects of spatial skills relate to early arithmetic and number line estimation?
Authors: Cornu Véronique , Hornung Caroline , Schiltz Christine , Martin Romain
Published: December 2017

The present study investigated the predictive role of spatial skills for arithmetic and number line estimation in kindergarten children (N = 125). Spatial skills are known to be related to mathematical development, but due to the construct’s non-unitary nature, different aspects of spatial skills need to be differentiated. In the present study, a spatial orientation task, a spatial visualization task and visuo-motor integration task were administered to assess three different aspects of spatial skills. Furthermore, we assessed counting abilities, knowledge of Arabic numerals, quantitative knowledge, as well as verbal working memory and verbal intelligence in kindergarten. Four months later, the same children performed an arithmetic and a number line estimation task to evaluate how the abilities measured at Time 1 predicted early mathematics outcomes. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that children’s performance in arithmetic was predicted by their performance on the spatial orientation and visuo-motor integration task, as well as their knowledge of the Arabic numerals. Performance in number line estimation was significantly predicted by the children’s spatial orientation performance. Our findings emphasize the role of spatial skills, notably spatial orientation, in mathematical development. The relation between spatial orientation and arithmetic was partially mediated by the number line estimation task. Our results further show that some aspects of spatial skills might be more predictive of mathematical development than others, underlining the importance to differentiate within the construct of spatial skills when it comes to understanding numerical development.
Space in numerical and ordinal information: A common construct?
Authors: Schroeder Philipp Alexander , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Plewnia Christian
Published: December 2017

Space is markedly involved in numerical processing, both explicitly in instrumental learning and implicitly in mental operations on numbers. Besides action decisions, action generations, and attention, the response-related effect of numerical magnitude or ordinality on space is well documented in the Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. Here, right- over left-hand responses become relatively faster with increasing magnitude positions. However, SNARC-like behavioral signatures in non-numerical tasks with ordinal information were also observed and inspired new models integrating seemingly spatial effects of ordinal and numerical metrics. To examine this issue further, we report a comparison between numerical SNARC and ordinal SNARC-like effects to investigate group-level characteristics and individual-level deductions from generalized views, i.e., convergent validity. Participants solved order-relevant (before/after classification) and order-irrelevant tasks (font color classification) with numerical stimuli 1-5, comprising both magnitude and order information, and with weekday stimuli, comprising only ordinal information. A small correlation between magnitude- and order-related SNARCs was observed, but effects are not pronounced in order-irrelevant color judgments. On the group level, order-relevant spatial-numerical associations were best accounted for by a linear magnitude predictor, whereas the SNARC effect for weekdays was categorical. Limited by the representativeness of these tasks and analyses, results are inconsistent with a single amodal cognitive mechanism that activates space in mental processing of cardinal and ordinal information alike. A possible resolution to maintain a generalized view is proposed by discriminating different spatial activations, possibly mediated by visuospatial and verbal working memory, and by relating results to findings from embodied numerical cognition.
Can working memory training improve preschoolers’ numerical abilities?
Authors: Honoré Nastasya , Noël Marie-Pascale
Published: December 2017

A large number of studies have pointed out the role of working memory throughout numerical development. Working memory capacities seem to be improved after training and some studies have observed an impact of working memory training on academic performance. In our study, we examined whether training visuo-spatial working memory (with Cogmed) enhances working memory abilities and numerical development in the short and middle term in 5-6 year-old children. Fourty six children were randomly assigned to the experimental condition (adaptive working memory training) or the control condition (non-adaptive, demo version). The program was implemented daily for a period of five weeks in both groups. We observed an immediate impact of the adaptive version on visuo-spatial sketchpad and visuo-spatial central executive abilities and a small impact on Arabic number comparison. No training effect was observed in verbal working memory, in counting, collection comparison and addition. Furthermore, the observed effects were not sustained ten weeks later. These results are discussed in the context of specific and general cognitive factors that support numerical development and we argue against the idea of developing general cognitive factors to efficiently boost numerical development.
Distribusi dan kelimpahan parasitoid telur, Telenomus spp. di sumatera barat: status dan potensinya sebagai agens pengendali hayati
Authors: Susiawan Eddy , Yuliarti Netti
Published: December 2017

Exploration of egg parasitoids was conducted by collecting host eggs from soybean, vegetable crops, peas, corn and rice fields in West Sumatra. We found six species Telenomus distributed throughout studied locations in West Sumatera. Four species have been identified, namely T. remus Nix., T. rowani Gah., T. dignus Gah., T. dignoides Nix., whereas two others have not been identified yet because there is no appropriate identification key. The results showed that the both T. rowani Gah. and T. dignus Gah were distributed in all studied locations with different individual number, but they could be potentially be used as biocontrol agents in the future. The highest numbers of species was found in Tanah Datar and Solok with different abundance, whereas the lowest number of species were in Agam and Lima Puluh Kota.
Perbandingan keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan arthropoda predator penghuni tanah di sawah lebak yang diaplikasi dan tanpa aplikasi insektisida
Authors: Herlinda Siti , Waluyo Waluyo , Estuningsih S. P. , Irsan Chandra
Published: December 2017

Studies on soil-dwelling predatory arthropods were carried out in lowland areas of South Sumatra, with objectives to analyze the species diversity and abundance of the predatoryarthropods inhabiting fields applied by synthetic insecticide, bioinsecticide, and without insecticide application. The predatory arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps. Indices of diversity and community similarities were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that the arthropods inhabiting field without insecticide application had the highest diversity and abundance compared to other treatments. Predatory community similarities between those on the field without insecticide application and applied by bioinsecticide were higher compared to the fields applied by synthetic insecticide.
Perkembangan dan Kandungan Nutrisi Larva Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) pada Bungkil Kelapa Sawit
Authors: RACHMAWATI RACHMAWATI , BUCHORI DAMAYANTI , HIDAYAT PURNAMA , HEM SAURIN , FAHMI MELTA R.
Published: December 2017

Hermetia illucens, is used as a reducing agent of palm kernel meal (PKM), as well as one of alternative protein sources for aquaculture purposes. Information about biology of H. illucens is absolutely required in mass production. The objectives of these researches were to study the development of H. illucens including the effect of supplementary food to the adult, and nutrient content of the immature stage. The sample of 20 larvae from each 3 replicates were measured and weighed on 0-19th day (larva) and 24th day (pupa) from egg hatching. H. illucens adults were fed by water and honey 5% (v/v). Eggs were collected and counted. Nutrient content of immature stage: 5, 10, 15, 20 days old (larvae), and 25 days old (prepupae) reared on PKM were analyzed proximately. Dry matter was determined by weight loss on drying at 105 oC during overnight. Crude protein was determined by Kjeldahl procedure (N x 6.25), crude fat by soxhlet (ether extract), crude ash by determining the residue after heating at 550 oC for 4–5 h. Data were analyzed descriptively by average from triplicate. The development of H. illucens was shorter than those in previous studies as the differences of abiotical factor. PKM was a suitable medium for development. It was better, however, to fed the adult with honey since it could enhance the fecundity. The young larva certainly contained the best quality of nutrition. To meet the quantity of mass production, however, the use of the elder larva (bigger) was suggested.
Preferensi dan Kecocokan Inang Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) terhadap Berbagai Varietas Pisang
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Setyawaty Anita
Published: December 2017

Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) adalah vektor penyakit kerdil pisang (banana bunchy top virus, BBTV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari preferensi dan kesesuaian  P. nigronervosa terhadap13 varietas pisang.  Penelitian dilakukan di Talang Betutu, Sumatera Selatan dari bulan Februari hingga April 2010. Uji preferensi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kurungan kasa berukuran 200 cm x 200 cm x 150 cm sebagai tempat isolasi untuk 13 jenis pisang dan kemudian diinvestasikan kutu P. nigronervosa. Setelah 30 hari, dilakukan pengamatan jumlah kutu pada masing-masing varietas pisang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. nigronervosa lebih menyukai pisang kepok dibanding varietas pisang yang lain. Kecocokan tersebut ditunjukkan dengan populasi yang lebih tinggi, laju pertumbuhan populasi yang lebih cepat, mortalitas yang lebih rendah dan jumlah imago bersayap yang lebih banyak. Pisang kepok yang pada awal penelitian diinvestasi dengan 20 ekor P. nigronervosa, terjadi peningkatan populasi sampai 324 ekor dalam waktu 24 hari  dengan laju pertumbuhan populasi 8,27% per hari serta menghasilkan 1,9% imago bersayap yang mulai muncul pada hari keenam.
Thrips parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pada Tanaman Cabai: Perbedaan Karakter Morfologi pada Tiga Ketinggian Tempat
Authors: Sartiami Dewi , Magdalena Magdalena , Nurmansyah Ali
Published: December 2017

Salah satu hama penting pada tanaman cabai adalah Thrips parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Keberadaannya terdeteksi mulai dari dataran rendah sampai dataran tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi T. parvispinus pada tiga ketinggian tempat yang berbeda yakni:  Cirebon (<30 mdpl), Bogor (300-400 mdpl), dan Cianjur (>1200 mdpl). Pada masing-masing lokasi dikoleksi 60 ekor trips betina dan kemudian diawetkan dalam preparat mikroskop dengan media Hoyer. Karakter morfologi T. parvispinus yang diamati adalah ukuran panjang tubuh, lebar kepala, lebar toraks, panjang sayap, dan warna tubuh. Perbedaan karakter morfologi tubuh trips pada ketiga ketinggian tempat dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan uji kisaran berganda Duncan. Korelasi antara ketinggian tempat dan perubahan warna tubuh trips dianalisis dengan uji khi kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang tubuh, lebar toraks, dan panjang sayap trips yang berasal dari dataran tinggi lebih panjang daripada dataran sedang dan rendah. Ketiga karakter morfologi tersebut menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antara dataran sedang dan dataran rendah dengan dataran tinggi, kecuali karakter lebar kepala. Perubahan warna kepala, toraks, dan abdomen berkorelasi dengan ketinggian tempat.
Evolutionary dynamics of incubation periods
Authors: Ottino-Loffler Bertrand , Scott Jacob G , Strogatz Steven H
Published: December 2017

The incubation period for typhoid, polio, measles, leukemia and many other diseases follows a right-skewed, approximately lognormal distribution. Although this pattern was discovered more than sixty years ago, it remains an open question to explain its ubiquity. Here, we propose an explanation based on evolutionary dynamics on graphs. For simple models of a mutant or pathogen invading a network-structured population of healthy cells, we show that skewed distributions of incubation periods emerge for a wide range of assumptions about invader fitness, competition dynamics, and network structure. The skewness stems from stochastic mechanisms associated with two classic problems in probability theory: the coupon collector and the random walk. Unlike previous explanations that rely crucially on heterogeneity, our results hold even for homogeneous populations. Thus, we predict that two equally healthy individuals subjected to equal doses of equally pathogenic agents may, by chance alone, show remarkably different time courses of disease.
Ambient Air Quality in the Vicinity of a Herder Mediated In-Situ Burn Field Test in Alaska
Authors: Sartz Patrik , Aggarwal Srijan
Published: December 2017

In-situ burning (ISB) is an efficient and important response tool in a wide range of conditions from open water and very open drift ice (herders) to consolidated ice (self-contained). Herding agents provide a means to thicken and then burn uncontained slicks that would otherwise be too thin to ignite. In this project we assessed the impacts on ambient air quality in the vicinity of the location following ISB tests on crude oil herded and ignited from the air in a large purpose built test pond outside of Fairbanks Alaska. We measured downwind and in-the-smoke-plume, concentrations of respirable particulate matter sizes (PM2.5) and seven different combustion gases (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, & VOCs) during five ISB tests, with sampling instruments placed 6–12 m away from the source area. It was also investigated if the herding agent was detectable in the air borne plume. Although in this study we did not use instrument and methods specifically approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), to provide a context the study results were compared with exposure limits provided by these agencies. From our results downwind, in the smoke plume, concentrations of particulate matter and SO2 were found to significantly exceed (P <0.01) NIOSH and OSHA exposure limits, while the remaining compounds measured were significantly below (P <0.01) established NIOSH and OSHA exposure limits. In addition, GC/MS Analysis of aerosol samples collected utilizing a flow meter and carbon sorbent tubes in the smoke plume, the silicone based functional group of the applied OP-40 herding agent was not detected in the collected samples. The concentrations measured in this study in the vicinity of the ISB site, lasted for less than ten minutes, before drifting downwind and becoming greatly diluted. These results provide information which might be helpful towards developing guidelines for worker safety in spill response situations.