bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wewukiyepuh (10-NP-336): Contributions of an Early Holocene Windust Phase Site to Lower Snake River Prehistory
Authors: Sappington Robert Lee , Schuknecht-Mcdaniel Sarah
Published: May 2005

The July 1998 discovery of a 10,300 year old archaeological site in a fluvial setting near Lewiston, Idaho, enhances the current understanding of the Windust phase as defined for the lower Snake River region of the Columbia Plateau. This early Holocene site contained preserved faunal remains of elk ( Cervus elaphus) and grizzly bear ( Ursus horribilis) associated with a brief human occupation that included evidence of multiple activities ranging from mammal processing to lithic tool manufacture. A general description of the riverside occupation is presented, since this site is unlike any previously recorded in this region in terms of age, constitution, and preservation. Laboratory analyses have implications for immunological studies, radiometric dating, and faunal resources. Wewukiyepuh is interpreted in terms of a briefly occupied mid-latitude forager site.
Word Processing in Accountancy Training
Authors: Fatt James Poon Teng
Published: May 2005

Word processing has become increasingly important in today's world of information technology. The capabilities of new word processing packages have far reaching impact on information processing. Can accounting educators who are concerned over accounting packages afford to overlook the importance of basic word processing? What is the relevance of word processing to accounting students? This article will explore the far-reaching possibilities of word processing in accounting education in the context of its demand in the accounting world. It will also attempt to determine the overall value of word processing in communication for accounting professionals. A survey was also conducted on 103 first-year accountancy students from the Nanyang Technological University to determine their awareness of word processing. This information should help provide accounting educators with information on the entry behavior of accounting students. It was found that the students are not only aware of word processing but are enthusiastic about the editing features. It is encouraging to know that students have a positive attitude toward word processing. This is important especially in the Singapore context where high tech information processing is gaining importance. What remains to be discussed is how best educators can maximize accounting students' learning of word processing to meet the demands of the year 2020 and beyond.
Historical Perspective of Contemporary Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: Wittkower Eric D.
Published: May 2005

The great triumphs of 19th century scientific medicine in the fields of morbid anatomy, microbiology and biochemistry resulted also in a narrowly organic orientation which fostered increasing specialization and a neglect of the psychological aspects of medicine. Freud, Pavlov and Cannon paved the way for the introduction of the psychosomatic approach to medical practice and research. Their methods and theories offered potential tools for the measurement of emotions and access to repressed, unconscious, psychological content.

The psychosomatic movement which started in Germany and Austria was further elaborated through the psychosomatic research of American psychiatrists and particularly psychoanalysts, with psychologists increasingly entering the field. Gradually, interest in the psychodynamics and psychoanalytic treatment of patients with psychosomatic disorders yielded to a growing exploration of the place of environmental stress, consultation psychiatry and pharmacotherapy in psychosomatic disorders. As laboratory studies have burgeoned, occasional rifts have occurred between those in basic psychosomatic research and those in applied psychosomatic medicine. The numerous conceptual models of mind-body relationships in general and psychosomatic diseases in particular are summarized and discussed. While uncertainty abounds and initial hopes of finding an exclusive psychogenic explanation for puzzling diseases and methods of treating them easily by psychotherapy have not materialized, the psychosomatic approach has nonetheless had a profound impact on medicine.
Oral Health Practices, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Fijians
Authors: Studer Karen , Modeste Naomi N.
Published: May 2005

This descriptive study identifies oral health practices, attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about dental care among Fijians living in Vanua Levu. Using convenience sampling, people attending a free community dental clinic volunteered to complete a structured questionnaire. Oral health practices, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about dental care, identified included: more females (95%) than males (88%) practiced brushing their teeth after every meal; the majority (83%) had problems with their teeth and 56% were missing one to five teeth; and knowledge about dental health was higher in females than males. This study supports the need for ongoing education in dental care and will be used for planning future interventions in health education and prevention of caries and other preventable dental problems in this population.
Is Consumer Control Possible in Health Care Services?
Authors: Godbout Jacques
Published: May 2005

In the late 1960s, the Canadian province of Quebec carried out a major reform of its health and social service institutions. As a consequence of the ideology dominating that period, the reform placed great emphasis on citizen participation, establishing local community service centers (centres locaux de services communautaires—CLSC) with boards of directors composed principally of residents of the districts served. This article examines the possible changes brought about by the granting of formal power to health institution consumers. Does this formal power permit citizens to exercise any real control over the institutions? And if so, what does this consumer control modify in terms of the nature, quality, and adaptability of the services offered?

After a brief description of the Quebec health and social service reform and the resulting CLSCs, this article evaluates consumers' power in these institutions and analyzes the conditions under which such power is exercised. The next section outlines changes that have taken place in the CLSCs, singling out three types of changes for further examination: innovations, adaptations, and transformations. The following section examines the consumers' role in bringing about these changes.

On the basis of this analysis, it is possible to conclude that consumer participation is necessary to effect certain types of changes which, otherwise, can deteriorate into bureaucratic processes. The analysis also indicates the existence of diverging and even antagonistic interests between providers (professional employees) and consumers. These contradictions may eventually call into question the classical models of producer self-management.
Secondary Science Teachers, the Internet, and Curriculum Development: A Community of Explorers
Authors: Saferstein Barry , Souviney Randall
Published: May 2005

The Community of Explorers Project studied how secondary-school science teachers applied desk-top access to Internet resources in their science curricula. During the project, high school teachers and students engaged in scientific problem solving using advanced network technology and innovative pedagogy. One of the lessons that the project offers is that a professional community involves adaptation to options and constraints encountered through interaction in everyday work settings. An initial research expectation was that the teachers would quickly adopt e-mail as an efficient means of communicating and collaborating with their colleagues. However, the use of e-mail for collaborative curriculum development did not follow expectations. The project resulted in the development of a different type of community than initially envisaged. While neither the researchers nor the teacher-participants could precisely control the nature of the community, their respective forms of participation distributed information useful for influencing the community's form and function. Analysis of CoE e-mail in the context of ethnographic research points out the important effects of organizational and occupational cultures on the application of technology in classrooms as well as on the development of a professional community oriented toward designing innovative curriculum.
The Relationship between Sexual Abuse and Drug Use: Findings from Houston's Safer Choices 2 Program
Authors: Peters Ronald J. , Tortolero Susan R. , Addy Robert C. , Markham Christine , Escobar-Chaves S. Liliana , Fernandez-Esquer Maru , Yacoubian George S.
Published: May 2005

Self-report drug use data were collected from 282 female alternative school students surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data collection took place between October 2000 and March 2001 via audio-enabled laptop computers equipped with headphones. Logistic regression analyses indicated that sexual abuse history was significantly associated with lifetime use (OR = 1.9, p ≤ 0.05). While the relationships tested in this study are exploratory, they provide evidence for an important connection between sexual abuse and substance use among female alternative school students.
Letter to Pope John Paul II
Authors: McMahon Jean
Published: May 2005

The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo are a group of women whose children disappeared during the Argentinian dictatorship. Their case has become internationally known, and the association has several times been put forward as candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. Several films have been made on specific cases of disappearances, and the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo have become a symbol of the enormous suffering under a repressive regime. The Journal is pleased to offer a forum for the expression of their protest. The Journal invited the Vatican to reply, but the invitation was declined.
Time on Task, Interaction, and Information Handling in Multimedia Learning Environments
Authors: Smeets Ed , Mooij Ton
Published: May 2005

Results are reported from a study of the effects of multimedia learning environments in the subject of geography in a school for secondary education. The study refers to a two-year pilot project in which four multimedia learning environments were developed and implemented in grades two and three of the pilot school, evolving from a structured to an open-learning environment. The assessment focused on time on task, interaction, and information handling skills. Data were collected by carrying out classroom observations, recording sessions on video, and testing information handling skills. The results show a significant increase of student-student and student-teacher interaction during multimedia lessons as compared to traditional lessons. More academic time on task is noted in traditional lessons, in comparison with multimedia lessons. Moreover, academic time on task decreases as the multimedia environment evolves toward an open ended learning environment. Finally, no differences are found with regard to gains in information handling skills in the multimedia groups as compared to students attending traditional geography lessons.
Some Effects of the Use of Ultrasonic Devices in Conservation and the Question of Standards for Cleaning Objects
Authors: Leo Caldararo Niccolo
Published: May 2005

This article discusses the implications of sonochemical research for the treatment of antiquities composed of organic or inorganic materials. It provides a review of some of the present uses of ultrasonic devices and contrasts these empirical applications with the scientific data on how the observed effects are interpreted as cleaning versus damage.
A Self-Observational Study of Spontaneous Hypnagogic Imagery Using the Upright Napping Procedure
Authors: Nielsen Tore A.
Published: May 2005

Upright Napping is a procedure for observing and recording spontaneous hypnagogic imagery. It employs systematic self-observation and recording of imagery that occurs when one falls asleep in an upright seated position. Seventy-one hypnagogic images collected by the author over twenty-nine napping sessions were assessed for occurrence of illusory movements of the self and of other characters, for accompanying phasic and tonic neuromuscular events (NMEs), for isomorphic matches between illusory movements and NMEs, and for speaking and falling themes. The images were also subjected to an introspective analysis. Evidence was found for two types of illusory movement imagery and a distinctive progression in the quality of images as sleep ensues. With further trials and refinements, Upright Napping may prove to be a useful tool for investigating both the diversity and the microgenesis of dreamlike hypnagogic images.
Technical Writing Required of Graduate Engineering Students
Authors: West Gregory K. , Byrd Patricia
Published: May 2005

Technical writing required of employees in business and industry has been investigated, but the writing demands on graduate students have not been systematically surveyed. To find out what kinds of writing are required of graduate engineering students, twenty-five engineering faculty members from the Engineering College at the University of Florida listed the kinds of writing assigned to graduate classes during the academic year 1979–80. Since the faculty members were asked to rank-order the writing kinds from most frequent to least frequent, the Friedman analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used to test for differences in the rank ordering. The tests showed that faculty assigned examinations, quantitative problems, and reports most frequently, that they assigned homework and papers (term and publication) less frequently, and that they assigned progress reports and proposals least frequently.
Organizational Downsizing: Implications for the Health of Survivors
Authors: Campbell Richard , Pepper Lewis
Published: May 2005

Public health has a long-standing interest in the adverse consequences of unemployment and job loss upon the physical and emotional health of those who lose their jobs. In recent years, the emergence of organizational downsizing as a commonplace phenomenon directs attention to an entirely new area of concern: the impact of downsizing on those who keep their jobs and continue to work in the new work environment. In this article, we examine the multi-dimensional ways in which downsizing affects the survivors of downsizing and changes their working conditions, social relationships, and emotional well-being. We draw upon qualitative results from research with survivors of downsizing undertaken by the U.S. Department of Energy to highlight survivors' own accounts of the downsizing experience. These experiences suggest that a greater voice in workplace affairs is a critical public health intervention.
Plainer Legal Language: Definitions and Requirements in Acts
Authors: Jordan Michael P.
Published: May 2005

The prescriptive principles often used to improve writing in general genres have little relevance to the very complex legal prose found in acts or other technically legal documents. This article explores some of the stylistic complexities of definitions and requirements in a Canadian Provincial Act, and generates and justifies fifteen recommendations for creating a plainer legal language in acts. The recommendations range from orthographic presentation, referencing, and sentence arrangement to complex listing, clause separations and punctuation. Although only the English language version of the Act is studied in detail, reference is made to the French version where that is helpful.
The Chemical Jungle: Today's Beef Industry
Authors: Epstein Samuel S.
Published: May 2005

In the absence of effective federal regulation, the meat industry uses hundreds of animal feed additives, including antibiotics, tranquilizers, pesticides, animal drugs, artificial flavors, industrial wastes, and growth-promoting hormones, with little or no concern about the carcinogenic and other toxic effects of dietary residues of these additives. Illustratively, after decades of misleading assurances of the safety of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and its use as a growth-promoting animal-feed additive, the United States finally banned its use in 1979 some 40 years after it was first shown to be carcinogenic. The meat industry then promptly switched to other carcinogenic additives, particularly the natural sex hormones estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, which are implanted in the ears of more than 90 percent of commercially raised feedlot cattle. Unlike the synthetic DES, residues of which can be monitored and use of which was conditional on a seven-day preslaughter withdrawal period, residues of natural hormones are not detectable, since they cannot be practically differentiated from the same hormones produced by the body. The relationship between recently increasing cancer rates and the lifetime exposure of the U.S. population to dietary residues of these and other unlabeled carcinogenic feed additives is a matter of critical public health concern.
A Case Study in Evaluating Statistical Computer Programs: Comparison of Three Programs for Specifying and Testing Structural Equation Models
Authors: Brecht Mary-Lynn , Bentler Peter M. , Tanaka Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2005

Subjects in a course in structural equation modeling analyzed problems using three different computer programs. Measures of time and perceived ease of program use were recorded and compared in a repeated measures Latin square design. Within the instructional context, differences were found in how easy the programs were to use. The methodology can be useful in evaluations of other computer programs; and results can be useful in guiding design of instructional strategies and computer programs.
Perceived Interactions between the Dream and the Waking Divisions of Consciousness
Authors: Wasserman Ilene , Ballif Bonnie L.
Published: May 2005

Perceived interactions between the dream division of consciousness and waking consciousness were investigated by asking subjects to attribute their moods to one of ten possible causes and to rate the influence of their dreams for twenty-eight days. Over time, some subjects occasionally evaluated dreams as the dominant cause of their moods. Across subjects and days, 11 percent of recalled dreams were perceived by subjects as the most influential cause of their moods as compared to other causes and 35 percent of recalled dreams were considered moderately influential. The present findings present preliminary evidence for modest perceived interactions between the dream division of consciousness and waking consciousness in natural settings as well as modest individual and sex differences in either the ability or practice of utilizing these perceived interactions.
An Elementary School Substance Abuse Prevention Program: Teacher and Administrator Perspectives
Authors: Flannery Daniel J. , Torquati Julie
Published: May 2005

Teachers and administrators from a large, diversified school district participated in a survey of perceived satisfaction, effectiveness, and degree of implementation of Project Pride, a substance abuse prevention program. As expected, degree of satisfaction with program content was consistently related to how beneficial and valuable teachers perceived the program to be for their students. The age appropriateness of materials and degree of difficulty in implementing activities were also significantly related to how much students benefitted from the program. Neither perceived support of administrators nor teacher participation in training was related to level of implementation or teacher satisfaction. The need to gather teacher and administrator perspectives about substance use prevention programs is discussed, as well as steps to be taken to maximize implementation of prevention curricula in elementary schools.
Managerial Theory and Technical Writing: Get a Job
Authors: Curley Stephen J.
Published: May 2005

We may discover the basis for a humanistic rhetoric of technical writing by examining managerial theories of human behavior. Complaints about the deficiencies of writers and their work correspond remarkably to complaints about the deficiencies of employees and their work. And both sets of complaints may actually be related to the traditional Theory X of human behavior, held by managers and teachers of writing. An alternative managerial theory proposed by Douglas McGregor, Theory Y, suggests ways to encourage an individual's initiative and to satisfy the organization's goals simultaneously. Since technical writing weds the worlds of writing and working, this managerial theory can provide a sound basis for a rhetorical theory that encourages a writer's initiative and satisfies the goals of writing simultaneously. The letter of application for employment illustrates how Theory Y works.
Micro-Computer Video Games and Spatial Visualization Acquisition
Authors: Lowery Bennie R. , Knirk Frederick G.
Published: May 2005

Children spend many hours of their free time “playing” computerized video games. This learner involvement may have significant educational implications. One area of impact is on the acquisition of spatial visualization skills. The general nature of spatial visualization and its educational and social relevance is presented. Skills development by student/video game interaction is also explored.
The “Ripple Effect” of a University Sponsored Death and Dying Symposium
Authors: Cook Alicia S. , Oltjenbruns Kevin A. , Lagoni Laurel
Published: May 2005

A follow-up study of a three-week, university sponsored death and dying symposium was conducted in order to measure attitudes of nonattendees toward the symposium and the impact that they felt the symposium had on them personally. The findings showed a declining taboo regarding death education. In addition, the results of the study indicate a “ripple effect” in which individuals are affected by a death education program even though they do not attend it. In the present study, these effects were different for students than for faculty and staff. Implications for death educators are discussed.
An Account of the Freudian Slip in Reading and Writing
Authors: Ruch Richard S.
Published: May 2005

In our efforts to more effectively communicate, the Freudian slip is one phenomenon that frequently reminds us that we are imperfect communicators. We don't always mean what we say or say what we mean. This paper is a sequel to “An Analysis of the Freudian Slip and Errors in Speech Communication,” which appeared in the October, 1972, issue of this journal. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the occurrence of the Freudian slip in reading and writing.
CMI Unit Test Item Presentation/Feedback and its Effect on Final Examination Performance: Staff Study
Authors: Jelden D. L.
Published: May 2005

The instructional benefits of computer managed test administration are not well defined. This study addressed the instructional characteristics of computer delivered unit tests administered with several types of item feedback in different modes of presentation. The PHOENIX CBT system was used to compare the levels of achievement on final exam scores to the modes of test presentation and the degree and types of feedback provided during the unit tests. The effects of immediate and delayed feedback as well as sequential and random course objective presentation were addressed in the study. The results of the study provide suggestions to computer managed authoring systems developers and testing personnel on how to structure their tests for most efficient presentation to the students.
An Evolutionary Leveled Model of the Main States of Consciousness
Authors: Kokoszka Andrzej
Published: May 2005

A rationale for a multileveled description of states of consciousness is presented, as a continuation of an integrated model of the main states of consciousness. The previous model described and distinguished four main states of consciousness: ordinary waking states of consciousness, differentiated waking states of consciousness, REM sleep, and non-REM sleep. These are considered now in a horizontal level. A vertical, developmental dimension is introduced. Five levels: instinctive, reflexively-conditioned, prelogical, logical, and supralogical are described specifically for each level of experiencing of consciousness in terms of anatomical localization, typical mechanisms of cognition, emotion, and decision making. It is suggested that different psychological approaches focus on different levels. This model enables an integration of some contemporary theories of altered states of consciousness, including sleep theories.
Experiences of Liaison Psychiatry on a Private Medical Service
Authors: Beigler Jerome S.
Published: May 2005

The clinical experiences of successfully extending liaison psychiatry to a private patient medical service in a general teaching hospital are presented via brief case histories and discussions. Differences of setting compared to the service wards are illustrated. The prospect of the diminishing availability of service cases for teaching purposes emphasizes the timeliness of this program. Teaching strategy de-emphasized personality theory and concentrated on simple, practical tactics beneficial to patient, house officer and attending physician. Acceptance of the pilot program enabled extension of liaison psychiatry to a total of three private-patient medical services.
The Technical Communicator's Guide to Understanding Statistics and Research Design
Authors: Spyridakis Jan H. , Wenger Michael J. , Andrew Sarah H.
Published: May 2005

Technical communicators are faced daily with digesting the results of research reports; however, many technical communicators do not have the training that would facilitate their comprehension of such reports, particularly the sections of research reports that cite statistical terminology. This article addresses the need of technical communicators to become critical readers of empirical research. Specifically, we present simple definitions of selected research designs and statistical concepts and accompany these definitions with concrete examples related to the field of technical communication research.
Income Inequality, Social Cohesion, and Health: Clarifying the Theory—A Reply to Muntaner and Lynch
Authors: Wilkinson Richard G.
Published: May 2005

Statistical evidence suggests that social cohesion provides the link between income inequality and health, but it is not clear how it might do so. The vagueness of the concept of cohesion and the difficulty of seeing how something so apparently ephemeral could exert a major influence on health has led to skepticism about its role in the relation between income distribution and mortality. The author suggests that social cohesion is indicative of underlying psychosocial risk factors that are known to be closely associated with health. Attention is drawn to the strong inverse relationships between measures of social inequality and measures of the quality of social relations in numerous different data sets. Given that social status and social affiliations, in terms of population-attributable risks, are among the most powerful influences on population health in the developed world, this is a potentially potent mixture for health. An antipathy between hierarchical relations across inequalities of power, income, and status on the one hand, and supportive social relations between equals on the other, is likely to exert a powerful influence on health.
Predictors of Study Management and Performance on a First-Year Computer Course: The Significance of Students' Study Goals and Perceptions
Authors: Volet Simone E. , Styles Irene M.
Published: May 2005

This study investigated the significance of adult students' goals and perceptions in a first-year computer course, in relation to their study management and final performance. The relationship of goals to students' stable characteristics such as age, gender, levels of previous experience of computing and programs of study were examined. The results support the importance of personal goals with respect to achievement and the dynamic interactions between students' study goals and their subjective appraisals of their study. The best predictors of goals were students' perceptions of their interest in the course in the first half of the semester and of their competence in the second half. Background knowledge in computing was related to performance, but students' perceptions and goals were better predictors of performance. It is argued that students' cognitive and affective appraisals of their study and their individual goals are crucial factors in understanding individual differences in achievement in a first-year computer course.
Rip by the Roadside: A Comparative Study of Roadside Memorials in New South Wales, Australia, and Texas, United States
Authors: Clark Jennifer , Cheshire Ashley
Published: May 2005

The comparative study of roadside memorials in New South Wales, Australia, and Texas, United States, raises questions about the consistency in memorial form and practice between societies with diverse ethnic and religious profiles and different historical backgrounds. This article compares roadside memorials in two societies, and suggests that ethnic and sub-group affiliation accounts for local and individual differences in what is essentially an international phenomenon powered by developments in motoring culture, postmodernism, and globalization. The roadside memorial reclaims public space for the celebration of the individual in a period and place of overwhelming technological and cultural change.
A Strategy for Investment in Health
Authors: Wolf A. C.
Published: May 2005

Investment in health in developing countries is an indispensable concomitant of economic investment. Together with education, health forms the social infrastructure required for development. Investment in human capital alone is not determinant of improved living conditions in developing countries. It must be complemented by investments in agriculture, industry, and economic infrastructure in order to create jobs for a healthier, growing work force. Investments in health by external agencies are modest when measured by need, and by the investment efforts of the countries themselves. In order to optimize these external investments, an investment strategy is called for, consisting of these elements: 1. Health planning should be a prerequisite for the efficient use of external financial assistance. The health plan of a country should be part of a national development plan. 2. Preference in the allocation of resources should be given to those countries, or regions within countries, whose health situations are least satisfactory. 3. Availability of skilled health manpower needs to be assured for the implementation of health plans. 4. External investment should avoid structures and equipment of a prestige nature. Preference should be given to facilities designed to implement health plans. 5. Opportunities in the industrial infrastructure of health programs–pharmaceutical, biologic, nutritional, and medical equipment industries–should be encouraged. 6. Special concern should be exercised with respect to the health aspects of industrial and physical infrastructure projects. The overall goal of the investment strategy should be improved health for the greatest number.
From Structured Abstracts to Structured Articles: A Modest Proposal
Authors: Hartley James
Published: May 2005

Work with structured abstracts—which contain sub-headings in a standard order—has suggested that such abstracts contain more information, are of a higher quality, and are easier to search and to read than are traditional abstracts. The aim of this article is to suggest that this work with structured abstracts can be extended to cover scientific articles as a whole. The article outlines a set of sub-headings—drawn from research on academic writing—that can be used to make the presentation of scientific papers easier to read and to write. Twenty published research papers are then analyzed in terms of these sub-headings. The analysis, with some reservations, supports the viability of this approach.
Future Directions in Late Life Suicide Prevention
Authors: Fiske Amy , Arbore Patrick
Published: May 2005

Late life suicide is characterized by less warning, higher lethality, and greater prevalence of depression and physical illness than suicide earlier in the lifespan. Suicidal older adults are more likely to seek help from a physician than through mental health channels, and suicide risk often remains undetected. Hopelessness is a prominent feature in older adult suicide. Traditional suicide hotlines receive few calls from older adults, and staff lack training in working with this age group. Despite the difficulties in preventing older adult suicide, however, opportunities exist. Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatments for depression may be effective in suicidal older adults, although they have not yet been widely tested. Community agencies with specialized programs for older adults show promise. Results are presented from the evaluation of one such agency, the Center for Elderly Suicide Prevention. After receiving agency services, hopelessness improved among clients but not in a comparison group. There were no significant changes in depressive symptoms or life satisfaction. Recommendations for future preventive efforts include: use of medical contacts to screen for depression and suicide; assessment of suicide risk with even small elevations in depressive symptoms; consideration of physical health status and level of hopelessness in assessing suicide risk; research on effective psychotherapies with suicidal older adults; and support of innovative community outreach and intervention programs.
Chronic Pain Presenting as Major Depression in a Cross-Cultural Setting
Authors: Alberque Christel , Eytan Ariel
Published: May 2005

We report on a female African immigrant who developed chronic pain as a consequence of osteomalacia. Due to cultural particularities in pain expression, her symptoms were first attributed to a major depressive episode. Cultural factors influencing pain perception and expression are reviewed. The importance of working with competent interpreters in cross-cultural settings is emphasized.
The Value of Pismo Clam Tube Beads in California: Experiments in Drilling
Authors: Arnold Jeanne E. , Rachal Diana
Published: May 2005

Shell beads have long been a topic of interest in North American Pacific Coast archaeology. Studies by Gifford (1947), Gibson (1975, 1976, 1987, 1992), King (1974, 1978, 1990), Macko (1984), Bennyhoff and Hughes (1987), Arnold (1992a), Arnold and Munns (1994), and Arnold and Graesch (2001) have established the temporal sensitivity of shell bead assemblages in California and explored their socioeconomic importance among several groups on the coast and in the interior. Somewhat less attention has been directed toward elucidating shell bead production techniques (but see Arnold and Graesch, 2001; Macko, 1984). Here, we experiment with an often reported but unusual drilling technique attributed to the coastal Chumash, among others, for the manufacturing of Pismo clam (Tivela stultorum) tube beads. We also place Tivela stultorum bead manufacturing in a broader cultural and manufacturing context, including implementing systematic Moh's hardness testing of Tivela and nine other widely used shell species. Ethnographic, archaeological, and experimental evidence suggests that Tivela tube beads were among the most labor-intensive and valuable of the many bead types made and used by Native Californians.
Prudence in International Comparisons: Insights for the United States from the Canadian Health Insurance Experience
Authors: Roemer Milton I.
Published: May 2005

Canadian social insurance for medical care started in the province of Saskatchewan in 1946, when conditions were very different from those in the United States today. The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation political party has no counterpart in the United States today. Voluntary insurance was weak in the Canadian prairies, but currently strong in the United States. The U.S. Medicare and Medicaid programs help elderly and poor people, but Saskatchewan lacked such programs. Separation of executive and legislative powers in the United States differs from unified powers in Canada. However, there are several similarities between the U.S. federation of states, and the Canadian provinces. The U.S. Democratic Party has a progressive wing. Voluntary insurance in the United States grew weaker in the 1980s. The U.S. health care crisis on costs today is equivalent to post-Depression conditions in Canada. Both countries are dominated by private fee-for-service medical care, but access to that care has been promoted by compulsory insurance laws in several U.S. states. Therefore, the United States could well emulate Canada by action of the states, which would lead eventually to federal action. Coverage should be universal, with limited benefits initially; gradually, benefits would be broadened.
The Contribution of a Decision Support System to Educational Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Klein Joseph , Ronen Herman
Published: May 2005

In the light of reports of bias, the present study investigated the hypothesis that administrative educational decisions assisted by Decision Support Systems (DSS) are characterized by different pedagogical and organizational orientation than decisions made without computer assistance. One hundred and ten high school teachers were asked to suggest solutions to problems that arose in two school incidents. After reaching decisions, respondents were asked to rank, in order of importance, the considerations that guided them. The data were processed by DSS software, which calculated the highest-scoring option for each incident. This option was compared with the one chosen by the respondents, taking into account variables of seniority, educational level, specialization, and self-efficacy. DSS-aided decisions promoted greater moderation and enhanced cooperation among interested parties in comparison to decisions made without computer aid. The implications of these findings for future division of decision-making tasks between people and computers is discussed.
Isotope Radiography of the Largest Prehistoric Copper Celt
Authors: Neiburger E. J.
Published: May 2005

A large 61 × 13 × 4.5 cm copper celt was found in an American Hopewell Indian mound in Ross County, Ohio. It weighs 17.7 kg and theories concerning the manner of its manufacture by technologically “primitive” prehistoric natives have been suggested. Because of its great size and density, normal X-ray analysis could not be used. This celt was analyzed (non-destructively) using Iridium 192 isotope as a gamma ray source for radiography. The radiographs show the celt was relatively solid in construction, not laminated nor cast, but manufactured by wrought working the metal.
Therapy-Resistant Depressions: Biochemical and Pharmacological Considerations
Authors: van Praag H. M.
Published: May 2005

Two statements are presented here: 1) antidepressants increase the amount of MA at the central receptors, and 2) antidepressants are effective in some, but quite ineffective in other patients, even if they belong to the same diagnostic category. Three questions result from these statements: 1) Does a central MA deficiency occur in depressive patients? 2) If so, is this disorder present in only a proportion of the patients? 3) If so, can this explain the apparent selectivity of antidepressants in the sense that particularly MA-deficient patients benefit from this type of therapy?

A tentative answer is given to these three questions. In depressive patients the cerebral MA turnover can be diminished. These disorders do not occur in all patients but seem to be confined to certain categories of depression. Diminution or non-diminution of the central MA turnover is a (not the) factor which determines whether antidepressant medication will succeed or fail. The theoretical and practical implications of these answers are discussed.
Use of Group Discussion and Learning Portfolio to Build Knowledge for Managing Web Group Learning
Authors: Chen Gwo-Dong , Ou Kuo-Liang , Wang Chin-Yeh
Published: May 2005

To monitor and enhance the learning performance of learning groups in a Web learning system, teachers need to know the learning status of the group and determine the key influences affecting group learning outcomes. Teachers can achieve this goal by observing the group discussions and learning behavior from Web logs and aanlyzing the Web log data to obtain the relevant information. However, Web logs are not systematically organized and the discussions are extensive. Consequently, teachers must struggle to extract information from logs and intuitively apply teaching rules based on experience when managing the groups. Rather than using statistics packages to evaluate hypotheses, this work presents a methodology of applying existing data and text mining tools to automatically gather learning status and predict performance of learning groups from the contents of discussions and from log records of learning behaviors. Meanwhile, the methodology infers a causal network exists between learning features and learning performance. Knowledge is inferred based on statistics and probability reasoning and social interdependency theory. The causal network can suggest means of enhancing learning performance to teachers. Simultaneously, teachers can use the knowledge of learning groups obtained to manage group learning process on the Web. Experimental results of applying the novel methodology to manage a group learning class organized over the Web and containing 706 students are also presented.
Case Studies of Violations of Workers' Freedom of Association: Migrant Agricultural Workers
Authors: McMahon Jean
Published: May 2005

As part of its report “Unfair Advantage: Workers' Freedom of Association in the United States under International Human Rights Standards,” Human Rights Watch conducted a series of case studies in a dozen states, covering a variety of industries and employment sectors, analyzing the U.S. experience in the light of both national law and international human rights and labor rights norms. Presented here are the case studies of migrant agricultural workers.
Preference for Proportions as a Function of Context
Authors: Benjafield John , McFarlane Keith
Published: May 2005

The debate over the aesthetic pleasingness of the golden section is still ongoing, over 100 years after Fechner's pioneering investigations. The present study attempts to advance the debate by investigating the role of context in determining which rectangular proportions are preferred. Participants were shown three different ranges of proportions in three different orders. The order of presentation of ranges influenced aesthetic preferences most when the first range presented contained relatively “thin” rectangles. However, when the first range presented contained relatively “thick” rectangles, or had the golden section as its mid-point, then the most preferred proportion was in the vicinity of the golden section. These results are discussed in relation to the current controversy concerning the aesthetic significance of the golden section.
Factor Structure of the 28-Item General Health Questionnaire in a Sample of Antenatal Women
Authors: Aderibigbe Yekeen A. , Riley William , Lewin Terry , Gureje Oye
Published: May 2005

Objective:

The factor structure of responses to the twenty-eight-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a sample of 277 Nigerian antenatal women was examined.

Method:

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation were used.

Results:

A four factor structure interpretable as social dysfunction, somatic-anxiety, depression-anxiety, and severe depression was obtained.

Conclusion:

Although the factor structure in this sample is similar to that previously reported with this instrument, the factor loadings, particularly for the anxiety subscale differed. Thus, the factor structures of the GHQ may differ depending on the cultural background of the sample.
Mobile Nutrition Program to Improve Nutritional Status of Mothers and Children in Rural Areas in Bahrain
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O.
Published: May 2005

This article highlights the implementation and evaluation of a unique health education program in the Arab Gulf countries, the mobile nutrition education unit in rural areas of Bahrain. The idea of this program is to reach the rural mothers in their communities through a mobile unit. The evaluation process showed that the nutrition program has a good impact on the health and nutrition knowledge and practices of mothers. However, several activities are needed to strengthen this program.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Hartmann's Boundary Questionnaire and an Empirically-Derived Short Version
Authors: Rawlings David
Published: May 2005

The Boundary Questionnaire (BQ) of Ernest Hartmann measures individual differences in the “thinness” of the mental boundaries presumed to separate the contents of consciousness. We report a study in which 300 undergraduates completed the 145-item BQ. Their scores were factor analyzed using Maximum Likelihood factor analysis followed by Promax rotation. Seven substantially uncorrelated factors emerged from the rotation. Subsequent analyses aimed at developing an empirically-derived short version of the questionnaire (abbreviated BQ-Sh) produced six subscales labeled Unusual Experiences, Need for Order, Trust, Perceived Competence, Childlikeness, and Sensitivity, with the Trust subscale omitted from calculation of the total score. Subscales of the 46-item BQ-Sh varied in reliability (alpha) from .80 to .65. It had a full-scale reliability of .74 and correlated strongly with the original BQ ( r = .88). It is compared with an alternative, rationally-derived short version with which it showed a correlation of .77.
Close Friends as Survivors: Bereavement Patterns in a “Hidden” Population
Authors: Sklar Fred , Hartley Shirley F.
Published: May 2005

In a departure from traditional bereavement research, which concentrates on the impact of familial death upon surviving family members, this article explores the bereavement of persons who have experienced the death of a close friend. Identifiable subgroups of “survivor-friends” include adolescents and young adults, dyadic partnerships similar to conjugal partnerships, and elderly adults. Evidence for the existence of grief among survivor-friends comes from two small-scale studies we conducted. One consisted of twelve open-ended interviews with and twenty-three essays by college students; the other was a constructed mutual-support group with thirteen participants. Our findings indicate parallel survivor-friend and family member bereavement patterns. We argue that although survivor-friends are a large and growing population due to increases in delayed marriage, cohabitation, single-person households, and the increasing numbers of elderly adults, they are rarely incorporated into American death and dying organizational considerations. Suggestions are made on how to bring these observations to the attention of a wider audience.
Build Quality into your Systems Effort
Authors: Fleischhauer F. W.
Published: May 2005

People programming, the design and documentation of administrative systems for use as a management tool, has been on the rise for some time now, but not so the quality. That seems to remain at a low level. Not only do systems designers still take too much time to design, but the document that they finally do publish is barely communicative. Quality in this case is paradoxical: it is sorely needed, yet it cannot be measured. Grumman, however, solved the problem by taking the approach of building quality into the design effort, providing writing mechanics to do so. Neither the approach nor the mechanics were easy to specify.

A philosophy to establish the basics and define the terms was first in order. The mechanics were developed from that philosophy. The results were more than anticipated because, in three years' use, the mechanics have not yet failed to cope with the many systems writing requirements.