bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI MITIGASI RISIKO RANTAI PASOK PRODUK AVTUR (STUDI KASUS: PT MIGAS XYZ)
Authors: Sitaba Fandy Achmad , Profita Anggriani , Widada H. Dharma
Published: October 2022

Perusahaan minyak dan gas merupakan salah satu sektor bidang yang sangat besar di Indonesia. Seperti pada daerah Kalimantan yang menjadi pemasok 2/3 minyak dan gas  di Indonesia, dimana salah satu produknya yaitu Avtur. Dalam rantai pasok avtur memiliki bagian yang cukup kompleks dan berisiko tinggi terjadinya penurunan kinerja rantai pasoknya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa risiko kritis dan membuat strategi mitigasi risiko pada rantai pasok avtur PT MIGAS XYZ, guna meminimalisir risiko yang ada. Metode yang digunakan ialah simulasi Monte Carlo untuk melakukan penilaian risiko dengan aplikasi crystal ball, dan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) untuk memitigasi risiko yang paling kritis. Terdapat total 20 risiko yang dikategorikan menjadi 3 risiko kritis, diketahui risiko kritis dari proses eksplorasi adalah R4 (mesin/alat pengebor rusak). Risiko kritis pada proses produksi adalah R10 (kebakaran). Kemudian risiko kritis pada proses distribusi adalah R19 (terjadinya kecelakaan truck/kapal tangk. Selanjutnya disusun strategi mitigasi risiko dengan mempertimbangkan keterkaitan antar risiko pada metode FTA dan diperoleh mitigasi sebanyak 59 mitigasi.
The Making and Production Circumstances of Child Design Goryeo Celadon
Authors: Choi Hyejoo
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to reveal how and when child design celadon was produced in Goryeo and the circumstances under which the designs were created. As child design celadon vessels are discovered in kiln sites in Gangjin and Buan or at palace sites or tombs of royal family where they were used, it is likely that they were made for the ruling class. The design first appeared on celadon ware in the 12th century and was mainly produced and consumed in the 13th century. Its appearance decreased after the early 14th century as influences of the Yuan culture changed the culture of Goryeo. Child designs on Goryeo celadon could be categorized into two major types: type A, which combines child design with plant scroll motifs and type B, where child designs are drawn in picture-like detail. The type A is similar to Ding ware from Song and Jin dynasties, and the type B to paintings of Song dynasty. The influences to the child design were analyzed by examining images that had been popular in China, tracing how they were introduced to Goryeo, and studying related historical documents. Child designs on Goryeo celadon are the outcome of active cultural exchanges with surrounding countries and art works that traveled between them. It serves as an example that demonstrates how an image was introduced and accepted in medieval East Asian international relations.
“Comforting, reassuring, and…hot”: A qualitative exploration of engaging in BDSM and Kink from the perspective of autistic adults.
Authors: Pearson Amy , Hodgetts Sophie
Published: October 2022

Background: There is a lack of research on autistic intimacy, however a small body of research suggests that BDSM (bondage, domination, discipline, submission, sadism, and (sado)masochism)/kink may be appealing to autistic people. We aimed to explore how engagement in BDSM/kink related to autistic identity, using a phenomenological approach. Method: We recruited 6 autistic adults through purposive sampling on social media. All participants took part in a one-to-one spoken interview about their engagement in BDSM/kink and how it related to their sense of identity. Results: We used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to analyse the data and found 3 key themes. Theme 1, ‘Practicing safe ‘sex’’ highlighted how the clear communication and explicit focus on consent present in BDSM/kink facilitated a feeling of safety. Theme 2, ‘So many ways to touch and be touched’ was focussed on the sensory draw of BDSM/kink, and how it provided exciting ways to explore sensory joy (and sometimes revulsion). Theme 3 ‘Subverting (neuro)normativity’ showed how autistic people can find pleasure in intimate practices which transgress normative expectations. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the importance of exploring the perceptions of autistic adults in relation to their own intimate practices. Autistic intimacy is an emerging area of research, with very little focus on lived experience. Whilst engagement in BDSM/kink may appear niche, our findings suggest that there are aspects which are inherently appealing to autistic people. These findings can be used to destigmatise both autistic intimacy, and engagement in alternative intimate practices more broadly.
P3-like signatures of temporal predictions: a computational EEG study
Authors: Visalli Antonino , Capizzi Mariagrazia , Ambrosini Ettore , Kopp Bruno , Vallesi Antonino
Published: October 2022

Many cognitive processes, ranging from perception to action, depend on the ability to predict the timing of forthcoming events. Yet, how the brain uses predictive models in the temporal domain is still an unsolved question. In previous work, we began to explore the neural correlates of temporal predictions by using a computational approach in which an ideal Bayesian observer learned the temporal probabilities of target onsets in a simple reaction time task. Because the task was specifically designed to disambiguate updating of predictive models and surprise, changes in temporal probabilities were explicitly cued. However, in the real world, we are usually incidentally exposed to changes in the statistics of the environment. Here, we thus aimed to further investigate the electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of Bayesian belief updating and surprise associated with incidental learning of temporal probabilities. In line with our previous EEG study, results showed distinct P3-like modulations for updating and surprise. While surprise was indexed by an early fronto-central P3-like modulation, updating was associated with a later and more posterior P3 modulation. Moreover, updating was associated with a P2-like potential at centro-parietal electrodes, likely capturing integration processes between prior beliefs and likelihood of the observed event. These findings support previous evidence of trial-by-trial variability of P3 amplitudes as an index of dissociable inferential processes. Coupled with our previous findings, the present study strongly bolsters the view of the P3 as a key brain signature of temporal Bayesian inference. Data and scripts are shared on OSF: osf.io/sdy8j/
Sexual Behaviour Among Adolescents Studying in Grade Eight to Ten of Government Schools in Kathmandu
Authors: Upadhyaya Shreeram , Chapagai Manisha , Dhungana S. , Pant Sagun Ballav , Tulachan Pratikchya , Ojha Saroj Prasad
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION Risky sexual behaviour among adolescents has been a major concern around the globe. In developing countries like Nepal such behaviours have cost a lot in terms of major social issues. The main objective of this study was to explore risky sexual behaviour among school students studying in grade eight to ten of government school in Kathmandu district.

METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among school students studying in grade eight to ten in government school. Data were collected using self-designed semi-structured proforma and Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance survey (YRBSS) developed by Centre for Disease Control (CDC) in 1990. Three Government schools randomly selected from two Resource centres were taken for the study. Among 620 students selected altogether,532 completed questionnaires were collected.

RESULT The percentage of participants who had sexual intercourse during their lifetime was 15.0%. Among them 20.5% male and 9.9% female had sexual intercourse during their lifetime (p-value 0.001). At the age of 13, 4.3% had sexual intercourse and 4.9% had sexual intercourse with two people during their lifetime. During the past 3 months, 2.8% had sexual intercourse with at least one person.

CONCLUSION This study showed the burden of risky sexual behaviours among school students. Proper interventional programs should be started promptly to address such issues by concerned authority and related stake-holders of this field.
Improving Population Services With Application of Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Laia Yonata , Hutagalung Naomi Br , Purba Imanuel , Sitopu Juli Rostianita
Published: October 2022

The computer system has now become one of the tools that can be used by everyone in doing work such as office work, managing family card applications, birth certificates, ID cards at the sub-district office. In this case, the problem that often occurs in the lurah office or sub-district office is the queue that is too long in the service of each community who will take care of submitting their file maker. So with that there needs to be a system that will help every employee who can minimize the performance of the person in charge of managing the file. In this research will use scheduling method with genetic algorithm. The results of the research succeeded in minimizing the waiting time by the community who would submit files at the Pancur Batu sub-district office. The time required for registration is 5 minutes per person.
Analysis Forecasting Sales With Single Exponential Smoothing Method
Authors: Manalu Abraham , Roito Dewi , Rizkiadina Eika , Laia Yonata
Published: October 2022

Currently, as we know that the use of computer-based systems, almost everyone's activities depend on computer-based systems. one that is currently very adequate in the use of the application is the sales system, in this research the problem faced by the company is the difficulty of determining the amount of inventory stock each month. The reason is because the number of types of goods is not small so this is the cause of the lack of fulfillment of consumer demand every day. Companies that do have a number of inventories whose stock or inventory is on a large scale, so it needs a special system in this control so that the required inventory is always met, the point is for the company's income to increase even more. Researchers as technology-savvy people provide ideas for companies to use a system that can minimize the lack of goods inventory. This is what the researcher wants to solve the problem with the single exponential smoothing method. Because the method used can do fortune-telling in the short term for example 1 month ahead. The results of this study succeeded in predicting the amount of inventory in stock every month.
Low Bit-Rate Parametric Coding
Authors: Sudaradjat Djadjat , Rosano Andi
Published: October 2022

Abstrak - Dengan metoda pengkodean parametrik (parametric coding) sinyal suara manusia dapat menghasilkan kecepatan bit (bit-rate) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan metoda pengkodean bentuk gelombang (wave form coding). Contohnya pada metoda pengkodean bentuk gelombang akan dibatasi oleh batas minimal frekuensi cuplik (sampling frequency) yang menurut teorema Shannon-Nyquist menyatakan agar tidak ada informasi yang hilang ketika pencuplikan sinyal, maka kecepatan pencuplikan harus minimal dua kali dari lebar pita sinyal tersebut. Dengan demikian pada pengkodean bentuk gelombang kecepatan bit terendah yang dapat dicapai adalah oleh system Modulasi Delta (Delta Modulation) yaitu sebesar 8 Kbit/detik. Sedangkan pada pengkodean parametrik sinyal dapat dicapai kecepatan bit yang lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 2,4 Kbit/detik oleh system LPC (Linear Predictive Coding). Dengan kecepatan bit yang rendah akan diperoleh penghematan penggunaan lebar pita (bandwidth) saluran transmisi dan memori.
Grouping Data in Predicting Infant Mortality Using K-Means and Decision Tree
Authors: Ridwansyah Ridwansyah , Riyanto Verry , Hamid Abdul , Rahayu Sri , Purnama Jajang Jaya
Published: October 2022

Kematian merupakan hal yang tidak dapat kita hindari dimana, kapan dan bagaimana kematian itu datang, Tingginya angka kematian bayi merupakan hal yang utama dan harus pemerintah Indonesia prioritaskan, salah satu usaha pemerintah untuk menurunkan angka kematian bayi dengan melakukan program survilens yaitu PWS KIA dimana program tersebut memantau kesehatan ibu dan bayi di wilayah setempat, Kematian bayi pada dasarnya ada beberapa yang memiliki sebab dari ketika kandungan, kecelakaan, kena bencana, penyakit atau karena sudah takdir dari Tuhan, untuk itu dilakukan penelitian dalam mengelompokan data kematian bayi. Untuk pengelompokan data kematian bayi diperlukan suata metode K-Means untuk menganalisis data dengan melakukan proses pemodelan data tanpa supervisi atau yang biasa disebut juga unsupervised learning, Dalam penentuan centroid dalam tahap awal algoritma k-means sangat berpengaruh pada hasil cluster yang dilakukan pada dataset kematian bayi yang diambil dari data.go.id dengan hasil centroid yang berbeda, Hasil pola model clustering yang dapat dievaluasi oleh pihak pemerintah atau bagian Kesehatan guna mencegah kematian bayi, Dari hasil clustering didapatkan empat label yang diuji Kembali menggunakan algoritma decision tree
THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE-BASED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING ON SOCIAL SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Hartatik Sri , Istiningsih Galih , Purwandari Seprtiyati
Published: October 2022

This study aims at determining the effect of guided inquiry model based on multiple intelligence toward the social skills of elementary school students at Pasuruhan 1 State Elementary School, Mertoyudan District, Magelang Regency in Social Science learning of fourth grade. This research belongs to a Quasi-Experimental Design research with the Non-equivalent Control Group Design model. Research subjects were selected by Non-probability Sampling with saturation sampling model. The samples were 30 students consisting of 15 students in the experimental group and 15 students in the control group. The data collection methods were done by using a questionnaire and observation of social skills. The validity test of social skills questionnaire was done by using the product moment formula while the reliability test was done by using Cronbach Alpha formula with the help of the SPSS for windows version 25 program. Data analysis used in this research is a non-parametric statistical technique, namely the Mann-Whitney. The result of this study indicates that there is an effect of guided learning based on multiple intelligences on the social skills of elementary school students. This is proved by the results of the Mann-Whitney test analysis which shows Asymps value. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.003 < 0.05. By this result, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. Â Therefore, it can be said that there is social skills difference of the experimental class and the control class students. It is proved by a significant difference thus it shows that guided inquiry learning has a positive effect on studentâ€™s social skills
Discontinuity and sporadicity as species features
Authors: Krivokhatsky V.A.
Published: October 2022

Space and spatial dynamics of a taxonomic systems are described. Some species of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) and other taxa of insects are hold up as an examples.
Discrete adaptive norms: mechanisms and role in evolution
Authors: Khlebovich V.V.
Published: October 2022

In experiments with defensive morph formation in the clones of green algae Scenedesmus acutus, ciliate Euplotes aediculatus and crustacean Daphnia pulex was shown that actinomycin D (inhibitor of de novo transcription) inhibits both transformation of typical morph to the defensive one in the presence of enemies and the opposite transformation of the defensive morph to the typical one after removing of enemies or signals of their presence. From this it follows that each morph has the own gene program and forms capable to discrete adaptive norms formation have relatively more rich genome. The revision of the evolutional role of adaptive modifications were made.
Prevalence and Determinants of Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin among Febrile Patients Attending Naval Medical Centre Victoria Island, Lagos State
Authors: Mohammed Ahmadu Shehu , Odegbemi Odekunle Bola , Igwe Chinedu , Hussain Nurudeen AA , Abaye Biobelu , Adekanye Usman Oladipo
Published: October 2022

Background: Dengue fever, (df) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus. Infection with dengue virus is a major cause of morbidity in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. In about 60% of cases, it gives rise to undifferentiated fever which is clinically indistinguishable from other viral infections. Dengue fever is known to occur in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of df immunoglobulins (Ig) among patients attending a military hospital in Lagos.Methods: Systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants. Study participants were patients presenting with febrile illness at Naval Medical Centre, Victoria Island, Lagos. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and 3 millilitres venous blood was drawn from each participant. Anti-dengue IgM and IgG was determined from whole blood using lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay in line with manufacturer’s instructions. Thick blood film was used for malaria microscopy. Epi-info version 7.2 was employed for data analysis using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis at 5% level of significance.Results:  Mean age of study participants was 30.1 ± 13.6 years and 182 (59.9%) were males. The prevalence of df IgM and IgG was 8.5% and 18.0% respectively. Malaria-dengue fever co-infection was 10.8%. Individuals with malaria were twice less likely to have df (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27 - 0.78). Military personnel and their relations were about 3 times less likely to have df (OR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.18 - 0.66). Joint pain was significantly associated with df (OR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.05 - 2.99).Conclusions: A significant proportion of study population had both df IgM and IgG. Screening for df should be part of routine tests amongst patients that presents with febrile illness particularly those with joint pain.
Building Health System Resilience in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
Published: October 2022

Many essential health services have been paused because of the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure that adequate health delivery is not impeded during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to describe the strategies for building health system resilience in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. The integration of COVID-19 care into routine healthcare delivery across African countries should be prioritized. Investment in human and material resources for the health sector should be prioritized by policymakers. Adequate community engagement should be prioritized across all communities in Africa. Investment in leadership development training across all health sectors would promote initiative-driven decision making and promote infection control practices in health facilities.
An analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks in schools in South and Southwestern United States using open-source data
Authors: Chawla Deepti , Trent Mallory , Moa Aye , Stone Haley , MacIntyre C Raina
Published: October 2022

The reopening of schools for the 2020 fall academic session in the United States was linked to many cases of COVID-19 infection. This analysis utilized a dataset of school-related outbreaks created by National Education Association (NEA) to study attack rates and COVID-19 trends in schools located in the south and southwestern regions of the United States. The highest attack rate was observed in Mississippi for both students and teachers. In most states, the attack rate was higher for students in high schools than elementary schools, whereas the reverse was true for teachers. Most outbreaks had fewer than five cases, with only a small number of outbreaks that involved more than 10 cases in the duration under study. Outbreak size was found to be the highest in the state of Texas. Epidemic curves of new cases in most of these states showed features of a propagated outbreak. In some states, a rise in school-related cases coincided with rise in cases in the state. Findings related to size and pattern of school outbreaks may have significant implications for defining public health policies related to school functioning during infectious disease outbreaks.
Emergence of novel orthopox virus in Alaska, USA
Authors: Hutchinson Danielle , Kunasekaran Mohana
Published: October 2022

Alaskapox virus was first identified following the investigation of a lesion of the shoulder of a woman from Fairbanks, Alaska, USA in July 2015 . The vesicle was swabbed, and Orthopoxvirus-generic PCR assay testing was subsequently positive . Further sequencing confirmed a novel orthopox virus, AK2015, which was later named Alaskapox virus (AKPV) . There have been three further cases in the Fairbanks area, in 2020 and 2021, each presenting with a small lesion on an extremity, and positive testing for AK2PV. Symptoms common to each case were fever, lymphadenopathy, muscle pain and fatigue, lasting between four days and six months .
Unknown skin disease among Senegalese fishermen
Authors: Kunasekaran Mohana Priya , Hutchinson Danielle , Chen Xin , Stone Haley
Published: October 2022

About 80 fishermen affected by the mysterious skin disease in November 2021. A similar outbreak was identified around the same time, in the same area among fishermen the previous year. The seasonality (both outbreaks occurring during the same month of consecutive years), demographics of cases (fishermen in certain area), and spread (no household contacts) is not explained by viral infections with either monkeypox or chickenpox. This suggests a possibility of non-infectious cause such as toxin exposure. However, visual inspection of skin lesions and patient interviews may not be sufficient. Laboratory testing is required to rule out orthodox virus as a cause of this outbreak and further rigorous study of other causes beyond infection should be considered.
Demystifying COVID-19 pandemic modelling for policymaking
Authors: MacIntyre Raina , Heslop David James
Published: October 2022

Mathematical modelling is used widely to inform COVID-19 pandemic policy. Infectious diseases modelling is a long-established science used to estimate future outcomes under various conditions, that can inform policy decisions. Each model depends on assumptions made, the specific modelling methods used and the scenarios explored. Non-modellers can evaluate models using the following principles.
Re-emergence of poliomyelitis in the Ukraine, caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2)
Authors: Honeyman Damian Alexander , Moa Aye , Chen Xin , MacIntyre Raina
Published: October 2022

On October 2nd, 2021, a case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was notified to the World Health Organisation from the Rivne Oblast of Ukraine. The index case was a seventeen-month-old unvaccinated girl who had an onset of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) on September 1st, 2021. A second cVDPV2 case of an unvaccinated 2-year-old boy was reported from Transcarpathia Oblast on December 13th, 2021, who subsequently developed AFP on December 24th, 2021. A further 19 close contacts were identified with cVDPV2 that did not develop AFP that were all linked to the index case. Poliomyelitis outbreaks have occurred infrequently in the Ukraine since 2015, after being certified polio-free in 2002. The current outbreak has occurred against the backdrop of suboptimal vaccination coverage across the Ukraine since the previous outbreak saw a serious vaccine push across the country. However, the latest vaccine push in February 2022 has stalled due to the Russia-Ukraine war, leaving citizens displaced in shelters and border crossings, unable to access healthcare or routine immunisations.
Japanese Encephalitis Outbreak in South-Eastern Australia, 2022
Authors: Hutchinson Danielle , Kunasekaran Mohana , Chen Xin , Moa Aye
Published: October 2022

In February and March 2022, an outbreak of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) was detected in piggeries in southern Queensland, NSW, Victoria and South Australia. Subsequently, human cases of JEV have been confirmed in each of the affected states, with 35 confirmed or probable cases and 3 deaths as of 7 April 2022. This is the first JEV outbreak in mainland Australia. JEV has not been detected in mosquitos, animals or humans in south-Eastern Australia previously and question remain about how it became established, and whether it will become endemic to this region. The majority of cases are occurring around the affected piggeries where there is exposure to mosquitoes, particularly in the older age group, and vaccination has commenced in this population.
Global COVID-19 vaccine equity and the booster dose in low-resource countries: A decolonizing global health perspective
Authors: Rifat M. A. , Huda Md. Nazmul , Parray Ateeb Ahmad , Yadav Uday Narayan , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Ali ARM Mehrab , Mistry Sabuj Kanti
Published: October 2022

On July 30, 2021, the administration of a third (booster) dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was introduced to enhance immunity among vaccinated people. Many developed countries have introduced vaccine booster doses as additional protection for their population to mitigate the severity of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, this idea is currently being replicated by low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), where full vaccination coverage is, as of now, still below 45%, which is considerably lower than that of high-income countries (73%). This commentary focuses on the critiques of introducing booster dose strategy in low-income countries. We highlight different decolonizing global health perspectives, including vaccine equity, effective resource utilization, and priority setup, in this commentary.
Impact of climate change on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases in Pakistan
Authors: Jabeen Aliya , Ansari Jamil A , Ikram Aamer , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Safdar Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Climate change is a hard reality that has already started affecting air quality, food production, water supply, coastal settlements, and human health. There is increasing evidence about the effect of climate change on vector-borne diseases (VBDs). In this article, we have collected data from published articles, journals, reports, and books on VBDs in Pakistan and review the changing epidemiology of the most important VBDs i.e. Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Leishmaniasis, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), West Nile fever and Japanese encephalitis in Pakistan. We have summarized the district-wise VBDs outbreaks and developed maps. There is no proper surveillance of vectors and diseases available in Pakistan. Early warning system for preventing outbreaks are direly needed. No study has done not the effect of climate change on disease vectors in Pakistan. Long-term observational studies are needed to monitor climate-change effects on vector-borne diseases in Pakistan. A multidisciplinary effort is needed to handle the situation before the vector-borne diseases become an epidemic in non-endemic areas. It is essential to address issues related to the establishment of the vector surveillance system, integrated vector management (IVM), and climate change with the utmost priority for the prevention and control of VBDs in Pakistan.
Poliomyelitis Outbreak in Papua New Guinea, 2018
Authors: Raphael Mark , Adam Dillon C , Chughtai Abrar A , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Hutchinson Danielle , Lai Yi An , MacIntyre C.Raina
Published: October 2022

Objective: Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) remains a significant barrier to global poliomyelitis eradication. Following 18 years of polio-free status, an epidemic of circulating VDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) occurred in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 2018. We describe the epidemiology of the 2018 cVDPV1 epidemic in PNG, and identify risk factors which may aid future policy and control efforts.Methods: Data pertaining to the 2018 PNG epidemic were extracted from EPIWATCH and supplemented with data from other sources, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), and published literature. Descriptive analyses were undertaken, and key risk factors identified.Results: 26 cases of cVDPV1 were confirmed throughout the duration of the epidemic (April to October 2018) in nine provinces. Of the 26 cases, 19 (73%) were males and 7 (27%) were females, and most of the cases (73%) occurred in children under the age of five. Population immunization coverage of three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV3) was found to fluctuate between 60- 80% between 2000 and 2018. Nonpolio Acute Flaccid Paralysis (NPAFP) surveillance rates were also found to be suboptimal over this period.Discussion: A combination of low routine immunization coverage, lacking supplementary immunization activities, and ineffective surveillance systems, in the context of a struggling health system, culminated in this epidemic. To prevent future poliomyelitis epidemics in PNG, emphasis must be placed on supporting the health system to maintain high vaccination coverage, in conjunction with robust and effective surveillance systems.
Challenges in Economic Education in Poland
Authors: Janusz Marcin , Bogdański Marcin , Lizińska Wiesława , Grzybowska-Brzezińska Mariola
Published: October 2022

This article presents the results of research on the knowledge and awareness of young adults related to making the first autonomous financial decisions, both in the short and long term. The survey was carried out during the project financed by the National Bank of Poland (NBP) for activities related to economic education. The project was carried out for 6 months (October 2021 – March 2022), and the surveyed sample included 458 young adults who were beneficiaries of the project and lived in the Warmia-Masuria Province in Poland. The aim of the article was to verify the knowledge and skills acquired during the project implementation based on the “after” self-assessment questionnaire together with a retrospective “before” assessment, being the basic tool for project evaluation. The results indicate the advisability of undertaking actions in the field of economic education in the face of the still unsatisfactory economic awareness observed especially among young people.
Impact of Direct Subsidies on Budgets of Agricultural Farms
Authors: Zielonka Jan , Przybysz Natalia , Kobzhassarov Tulegen , Witkowska-Dąbrowska Mirosława
Published: October 2022

The article investigates the impact of direct subsidies on the budget of agricultural farms and the level of investment in the farms. A questionnaire survey was made among clients of a company which provides services in farming in Nidzicki District (powiat nidzicki). The respondents were farmers who benefit from direct subsidies to agricultural production. The research confirmed the research working hypotheses, in which the direct subsidies constitute 1/3 of the profit generated by agricultural farms and have a significant influence on the level of investment. The research aimed to determine the impact of direct subsidies on the budget of agricultural farms and their investment in fixed assets.
Customer Manipulation in a Retail Outlet and the Customer’s Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Rudzewicz Adam , Kowalkowski Andrzej
Published: October 2022

The customer is one of the most significant participants of economic processes. However, not all purchasing decisions that consumers make can be deemed as rational ones. The irrationality that accompanies consumers when shopping arises from the human psyche and personality, where conscious acts of making choices merge with external stimuli (e.g. manipulations employed by retail outlets). The basic aim of this study has been to determine the awareness of manipulative techniques used in shops among consumers, and then to try and evaluate their effectiveness. The study is an example of survey research and it used an online survey as a research tool. The study was participated by 194 respondents. The research results show that according to the respondents the manipulations most often used are: psychological pricing (‘odd prices’), promoting a product by offering some tangible benefits (enhancing the appeal of a product) and placing products near checkouts in order to induce impulse buying. As for the effectiveness of the analysed techniques, it coincides with their intensity. Apart from the ones mentioned above (manipulating prices, promoting sales and checkout zone), a proper and interesting arrangement of the shop’s layout is worth attention. The respondents declared that fragrance marketing was demonstrably less effective. Most respondents do not consider manipulations targeting the behaviour of clients as unethical actions. There were no distinctly negative attitudes to the applied manipulative techniques. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that manipulations of customer behaviour in retail outlets are very common, if not standard actions. Customers understand how such manipulations work, are at least to some extent vulnerable to them and, most importantly, are satisfied with them. The respondents see manipulations in the context of benefits that can be gained rather than the costs they can incur.
1/2 Criteria on AI Uncertainty Based on Shannon Entropy and Its Applications in Pattern Classification and Medical Imaging
Authors: Zhou Mingyong
Published: October 2022

Classification problems are important in medical diagnosis. In this workshop, we present and summarize our recent insights into AI uncertainty through classification problems from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. First a concept and a theory are proposed aiming at zero-error AI system. We show in fact they can be derived from Shannon communication theory based on entropy concept. Classical Rademacher complexity and Shannon entropy is shown to be closely related by quantity by definitions. Based on this observation, we are able to derive a 1/2 criteria in terms of Shannon entropy that guarantee an AI zero-error accuracy in classifications problems. Last but not the least, we show both a relaxing condition and a stricter condition in real applications that can guarantee zero-error accuracy in AI classification problems. We provide examples to show in applications how to apply our derived 1/2 criteria into AI applications by “coding” methods.
The Impact of Scenario Planning and Leadership on Non-Financial Performance in the Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) Industry
Authors: Yu Chuan Yun
Published: October 2022

This study explores the impact of strategic management and leadership styles on non-financial performance in multi-level marketing companies. This study was carried out in Penang and Kuala Lumpur, using judgmental and snowball sampling methods. A total of 155 valid samples were gathered, and the data were analyzed using SPSS.The findings indicate that macro scenario, micro scenario, and transformational leadership significantly positively impact non-financial performance, whereas transactional leadership negatively influences non-financial performance. The industry scenario does not have a significant relationship with non-financial performance. These findings assist researchers and management teams in the MLM industry in better understanding factors contributing to better non-financial performance. Keywords: Industry Scenario, Macro Scenario, Micro Scenario, Multi-level Marketing (MLM), Scenario Planning, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership.
Pos Express Delivery Services in Manado City Using Servqual Method
Authors: Angmalisang Stefani Irene
Published: October 2022

This study aims to measure the level of quality of Pos Express delivery services in Manado city during the pandemic of Covid19. The study using Servqual theory measurement method by Parasuraman (1985), by distributing questionnaires to consumers. Its asking their expectations and perceptions about the quality of Pos Express services in Manado city, then calculating the difference between both. The results show the magnitude of service quality. The research sample is 100 respondents, who have met the research requirements, which is at least 2 times using these services. The results obtained are the overall servqual value is -0.31, meaning that the quality of Pos Express services in Manado city still does not meet consumer expectations.
Ecotourism Development in the Tanjung Papuma Area, Jember Regency to Attract Generation Zs Visiting Interest
Authors: Satrya I Dewa Gde
Published: October 2022

Tanjung Papuma is a beach that has become a tourist spot in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Tanjung Papuma is located in a protected forest area managed by Perhutani. This forest is still natural in which it is a habitat for various flora and fauna such as deer, partridges, to Javanese langurs. Considering the Tanjung Papuma area which is a protected forest, it is necessary to develop ecotourism-based tourism. The ecotourism development that has been carried out will be linked to attracting visiting interest for Generation Z. Generation Z was chosen as the research subject because sustainable tourism behavior is increasingly being recognized as a popular topic among young tourists. The research method used is qualitative with the type of case study research. In extracting data, it is done through observation and interview methods. Interviews were conducted directly by researchers with key informants from tourism object managers, residents, and generation Z. The results showed management of the Tanjung Papuma has carried out tourism development by paying attention to ecotourism principles. However, some aspects are not optimal and need to be improved.
Brand Attitude, Brand Experience, Brand Love and Word of Mouth: Evidence from China and Malaysia's IKEA
Authors: Elanchelian Pavitra A/P
Published: October 2022

IKEA is a fast-growing multinational home furnishings company started in 1943 in Sweden. Using a comparative analysis of the IKEA brand in Malaysia and China, this research intends to analyze the relationship between brand attitude, brand experience, brand love, and word of mouth. The data collected from China (N=100) and Malaysia (N=100) revealed that brand attitude, brand experience, and brand love impact word of mouth. This paper contributes to the fast-growing consumer-brand relationships literature by exploring the role of brand attitude, brand experience, and brand love in retail brands in China and Malaysia. It also intends to understand better how to build and nurture effective brand attitude, brand experience, and brand love to elicit intense and passionate feelings towards retail brands. Keywords: Brand Attitude, Brand Experience, Brand Love, China, IKEA, Malaysia, Word of Mouth
Predicting the Delamination Mechanisms of Multidirectional Laminates Using the Energy Release Rate Obtained from AE Monitoring
Authors: Liu Yinghonglin , Jiang Peng , Li Wei , Yang Chang , Sun Ping , Yan Xiaowei
Published: October 2022

This study investigates delamination damage mechanisms during the double cantilever beam standard test using the strain energy release rate. The acoustic emission parameter is used to replace the original calculation method of measuring crack length to predict delamination. For this purpose, 24-layer glass/epoxy multidirectional specimens with different layups, and interface orientations of 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, were fabricated based on ASTM D5528 (2013). Acoustic emission testing (AE) is used to detect the damage mechanism of composite multidirectional laminates (combined with microscopic real-time observation), and it is verified that the strain energy release rate can be used as a criterion for predicting delamination damage in composite materials. By comparing the AE results with the delamination expansion images observed by microvisualization in real time, it is found that the acoustic emission parameters can predict the damage of laminates earlier. Based on the data inversion of the acoustic emission parameters of the strain energy release rate, it is found that the strain energy release rate of the specimens with different fiber interface orientations is consistent with the original calculated results.
Born-Inversion Procedure for Shape Reconstruction of Eccentric Defects in Cylindrical Components
Authors: Zheng Gangfeng , Li Ze , Liu Songfeng , Dong Hao , Hao Feng , Hu Feng , Bao Yuanchao
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a cylindrical aluminum specimen with an eccentric circular hole is prepared and ultrasonic measurements are carried out by experimental means. The measurement area is restricted to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical component. The measured wave data are fed into the approximate correction method formula—the Born inversion procedure—and cross-sectional images are obtained. Next, a 3D shape reconstruction of the defect in the aluminum specimen is performed by stacking the cross-sectional images. After correcting the defect’s echo amplitude, the defect reconstruction effect of the 2D section and 3D defect reconstruction effect improves remarkably.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Coating Defects and Uniformity Based on Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Zenghua , Man Runxin , Wang Kexin , Wu Yuheng
Published: October 2022

Structural coatings are widely used because of their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. To evaluate defects and uniformity in coatings, both qualitatively and quantitatively, a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) detection technique is proposed. The thermal barrier coating is selected as a typical single-layer coating structure for quantitative defect detection. A wavelet noise reduction method is used on the acquired raw signals to eliminate noise while retaining detailed information. The peak value of the preprocessed signal is used as a feature parameter for imaging, and the automatic binarization threshold segmentation technique is used to describe the defects quantitatively. The automotive coating is selected as a typical multilayer coating structure for uniformity detection. The time-frequency characteristics of a strongly superimposed signal are analyzed; the peak-to-peak value is used as a feature parameter for imaging, and the peak-to-peak 3D imaging is then used to characterize the coating uniformity, enabling fast and intuitive acquisition of the coating state. The statistical characteristics of the standard deviation and range are used to evaluate the uniformity of each layer of the automotive coating. The results show that the uniformity of the clean coating is optimal. The results of a subsequent thickness inspection using an eddy current gauge are consistent with those of the terahertz technique. The results demonstrate that THz-TDS can effectively detect defects and uniformity in coatings.
Assessing Mottled Indications When Digitally Radiographing Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds
Authors: Wenzig Albert M
Published: October 2022

When radiographing an austenitic stainless steel weld with an appreciable weld deposit size, selecting a low radiographic kilovoltage (keV) can contribute to producing a radiographic indication that is not an imperfection. The contributors to this mottled condition are both radiographical and metallurgical. Electrons from low keV can diffract or absorb when penetrating through the dendritic grain structure of a weld. The increase in keV, or using gamma ray–equivalent isotopes, produces a marked change in electron output and penetration in material.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ФАКТОРИ КОНТРОЛІНГУ В СИСТЕМІ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors:   International Scientific and Technical University of Academician Yuri Bugay, Kyiv, Bazhenkov Ievhen
Published: October 2022

The article considered the conceptual factors of controlling in the educational management system. The concept of "Strategic management in the field of education" was defined. One of the ways of effective strategic management in the educational sector was determined. The concept of "Controlling" was defined. The factors on which controlling should be formed were listed. Such factors are diagnostics, analysis, evaluation and control of activities in the intra-industry environment. The importance of using controlling in the educational field was analyzed. Concepts were listed that visualized approaches to the essence of controlling in the educational field. The concept of "System" was defined. The essential features of the controlling system were singled out. The structure of the controlling system in the educational field was illustrated. The goals that the controlling system in the educational field should contribute to were listed. The instrumental provision of controlling in the system of strategic management of the educational sector was illustrated. The tools to be used in strategic planning in the strategic management system were listed. The advantages of SWOT analysis were highlighted. The GAP analysis was analyzed as a strategic tool that explores the gaps between the opportunities and goals of the educational sector. The formula for evaluating the effectiveness of controlling in the educational field was presented. The factors on which the effectiveness of the application of controlling in the system of strategic management of the educational sector depends are singled out. Such a factor is intra-branch management, which is interested in implementing this tool. The competency approach was analyzed as the ability of employees to effectively apply knowledge and skills both in interpersonal relationships and in professional situations. The elements of methodological support of controlling in the system of strategic management of the educational sector were listed. The main needs for the creation and functioning of the controlling system in the educational sector were highlighted. Conclusions were made regarding controlling in the system of strategic management of the educational sector, its importance and role.