bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabryki wyrobów tytoniowych w Bydgoszczy w drugiej połowie XIX wieku do ustanowienia Polskiego Monopolu Tytoniowego w 1922 roku
Authors: Wysocka Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie historii przemysłu tytoniowego w Bydgoszczy od połowy XIX w. do momentu ustanowienia w 1922 r. Polskiego Monopolu Tytoniowego. W badaniach korzystano z Akt Rejestru Handlowego, Akt miasta Bydgoszczy i Akt budowlanych miasta Bydgoszczy z lat 1850–1925. Informacje archiwalne uzupełniono o dane z prasy codziennej z okresu 1908–1924. Temat ukazano na tle sytuacji politycznej i gospodarczej miasta (do 1920 r. Bydgoszcz była pod zaborem pruskim, a po 1920 r. wróciła w granice państwa polskiego). Działalność zakładów w analizowanym okresie była ważnym elementem gospodarki miejscowej i państwowej.
IMPACT OF SCULPTURES IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN: CASE OF GREATER IQBAL PARK, LAHORE
Authors:   University of Home Economics, Farooq Sadia , Arif Kamal Mohammad ,   Aligarh Muslim University
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A landscaped area is always appealing when designed according to a certain theme and purpose, as is the case with the sculptures in the Greater Iqbal Park. Purpose of the study: We aimed to analyze the influence of ornamental sculptures on people visiting the Greater Iqbal Park situated in Lahore, Pakistan. The objective was to evaluate the importance of the sculptures’ presence in the park, to review the visitors’ opinions on the subject, and to analyze how the sculptures blend in with other elements of the park. Methods: An important aspect of the study is the combination of data collected through observations, pictures, and questionnaires. Results and discussion: 65% of visitors to the park are satisfied with the sculptures’ placement and the lighting around them. The sculptures depicting a bent tree, birds, musical instruments, and a peacock are aesthetically pleasing and alluring for the visitors. The reliefs reference art from the Mughal era, and the material is durable, tough, and weather-resistant. Conclusions: The visitors like to have sculptures in the park, which increases the park’s appeal, especially for children, who can learn visual lessons about shapes and history. The study will help designers with creating variety and inspiring interest through sculptures, especially those related to historical events and complementing their surroundings.
APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR BENDING BEAMS IN THE METHOD OF MOVEMENT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Karpov Vladimir , Kobelev Evgeny ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Panin Aleksandr ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Usually, to analyze statically indeterminate rod systems, the classical displacement method and preprepared tables for two types of rods of the main system are used. A mathematically correct representation of local loads with the use of generalized functions makes it possible to find an accurate solution of the differential equation for the equilibrium of a beam exposed to an arbitrary transverse load. Purpose of the study: We aimed to obtain analytical expressions for functions of deflection, rotation angles, transverse forces, and bending moments depending on four types of local loads for beams with different boundary conditions, so as to apply accurate solutions in the displacement method. Methods: We propose an analytical form of the displacement method to analyze rod structural models. For beams exposed to different types of transverse load (uniformly distributed force, concentrated force, or a couple of forces), accurate analytical solutions were obtained for functions of deflection, bending moments, and transverse forces at different types of beam ends’ restraint. This is possible due to the fact that concentrated load and load in the form of the moment of force can be specified by using unit column functions. By transforming Mohr’s integrals, using integration by parts, we show that the system of canonical equations of the displacement method was obtained based on the Lagrange principle. Results: Based on the analysis of a statically indeterminate frame, the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method is shown as compared with the classical displacement method.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORMAL REACTIONS ON THE QUANTOMOBILE WHEELS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kotikov Jurij
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The progress of science has made it possible to create new quantum engines (QEs) powered by physical vacuum energy. A QE will generate a vector-based propulsive force, or thrust, applicable to the vehicle body directly, with no transmission required. Traditional cars will be upgraded with QEs and thus converted into quantomobiles. QE thrust application at the point of the vehicle body, hovering above the bearing surface, introduces changes in the traditional diagram of forces acting on the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the influence of thrust on the longitudinal stability of the quantomobile. Methods: In the course of the study, we upgraded the diagram of forces acting on the traditional vehicle, by introducing QE thrust (bearing in mind vehicle hovering above the bearing surface). We also developed a corresponding mathematical model for the distribution of the normal reactions on the wheels, taking into account QE placement. Results: Among the developed calculation complexes to perform a qualitative analysis of the influence of force factors on the quantomobile chassis load, a complex representing the longitudinal thrust and the thrust height was distinguished. Discussion: These complexes may serve as the basis of calculation units for more detailed programming, analysis, and synthesis of the design of vehicles with QEs, assessment of the longitudinal stability of the vehicle, optimization of QE placement in the quantomobile body. Example: The method developed is presented using a quantomobile similar to a KamAZ-4326 automobile. Conclusion: The considered diagram of forces acting on a quantomobile, including QE thrust above the bearing surface, shall become generic for force diagrams of quantomobiles with additional thrusters intended to increase the longitudinal stability of the vehicle.
I Am
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

Who are you? Where are you from? Where are going? Those are vital concerns for everyone during their growth and development. While I am in Maine, I am seeing beautiful mountains there, and I am also considering those vital concerns.
Nothing
Authors: Yu Anhuai , Yu Qingyi
Published: December 2021

Life is the process of experiences. Different experiences could make you know yourself from different parts, and answer those vital concerns for life, they are who you are, where you are from, and where you are going. You will make nothing until you find the answers for them.
Lao Tzu
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

Ancient China was a great country with tremendous philosophers, many their works are full of Chinese wisdom which last thousands of years, and still benefit people globally. Lao Tzu and his Tao Te Ching is a good example. It is priceless even tuned in the Ci title Qing Yuan Chun.
Tian Mi Mi
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

This is the Chinese translation for the second poem of Gitanjali, a collection of poems, written by Rabindranath Tagore, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
Prepare Manuscript for Songings
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

Authors of all types of articles should follow the general instructions give below. Please see Songings Manuscript Types and Instructions for word counts and detailed instructions. The following general instructions are in accordance with the Songings Editorial Policies and Evidence Based Communications (EBC) Publishing and Editorial Policies.
http://songings.com/EditorialPolicies.html
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

Besides Songings creates and keeps the Songings’s Standard (please see Songings Manuscript Types and Instructions) as the life saver standard for poems, Songings also creates and keeps the Songings’s Peer Review for all poems submitted and need entering the peer review process. For all Poem Reviews and Opinions, we take the experts peer review process the same as we take in our medical journals (please see EBC and EBC journals).
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Authors: Kotenko Oleksandr , Domashenko Maryna , Khomutenko Lyudmila , Domashenko Valeria
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the formulation of prospects for the development of social responsibility of enterprises in modern conditions; rethinking its essence through the inclusion of the uncertainty factor in the theory of sustainable development (basic for social responsibility); substantiation of directions of cooperation between supranational, state bodies, enterprises and academic science in the direction of increase of the efficiency of realization of projects on social responsibility in international and national business; formation of fundamental principles for the creation of uniform standards of social responsibility of international business in the form of methodological recommendations using the coefficient method. The article considers the main approaches to understanding the essence of corporate governance in the field of social responsibility, prerequisites that form the understanding of social responsibility in modern business, among which are: business ethics, ethical behavior, interaction with stakeholders, activities for society, achieving sustainable development. A list of subjective and objective problems that arise today in the implementation of social responsibility projects in international business, namely: individualized understanding of the essence of social responsibility; lack of systematicity and comprehensiveness; lack of consideration of the uncertainty factor when planning social responsibility projects and assessing its significance for the main activity; lack of supranational standards of social responsibility; inviolability of the concept of sustainable development, imperfect regulatory framework, financial capabilities of companies, is offered. Prospects for improving the system of relations in the field of social responsibility at global level and business level are proposed. A method of calculating the coefficient of social responsibility, which includes three main components: the mandatory group of factors, the sectoral part, the variable part, is proposed.
CONCEPT OF THE WORLD TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER: METHODOLOGY, PROBLEMS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Authors: Zagoruiko Ivan , Petkova Lesia
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the implementation of nonparameterized method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to the world’s economy as an array of countries with different levels of technological activity. The main purposes of this research are as follows: systematical presentation of methodological foundations of international technology frontier concept, presentation of the main controversial problems of this concept, presentation of the possible future development tendencies. Both the research itself and presented research materials are based on geometrical approach – plane geometry with the elements of projective geometry. This has allowed us to obtain important theoretical results.

Firstly, the possibility of “subsequent” usage of DEA method to any data that remain after the exclusion of points with the highest relative efficiency has been illustrated. In relation to the subject at hand this has made it possible to offer the concept of world’s technological frontier with different subtypes. Countries within specific frontier form sequential groups from the most efficient to the least efficient ones.

Secondly, the foundations of a new international technological frontier model (ITF model) of virtual countries have been presented. This model functions are the following: after determining the countries with the highest efficiency level, the frontier line modifies itself in a way that allows all country-leaders to move from an angular position to an intermediate position on the modified ITF section. These new sections named “national leaders’ sections” are interpreted as specific production functions that reflect conditions of ITF “neighboring” countries. Virtual countries instead of the real ones become angular points in the model. Based on the model of virtual countries, the known paradoxes, such as the paradox of equal efficiency of lateral frontier sections (which is immanent to any model based on the classical DEA method) and the paradox of technological regression arising from the intersection of ITF lines of different periods, are solved.

Thirdly, based on the simultaneous analysis of countries’ states on two sections – the “capital and labor intensity” section and the section of manufacturing function parameters – the method of ITF composition as an envelopment of national manufacturing functions has been created. Comparative analysis of ITF models created with the help of this method and the ITF models based on traditional method of national technological state envelopments has been made.
ECONOMIC SPACE IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE
Authors: Polishchuk Andrii
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the definition of economic space in modern scientific discourse. The urgency of the article is substantiated by the necessity to improve the methodology and practice of regional governance due to the global markets’ trends. Also the actuality of the work is determined by the specific of Ukraine regional management and necessity to modernize its methodological bases due to needs for the development of the economic space of Ukraine in terms of global competition. The aim of the study is to generalize, critically analyze and develop theoretical bases for defining the concept of "economic space". The study has used dialectical, monographic and analytical methods, and also the method of comparative analysis, system and process approaches. The comparative and critical analysis of existing theories of productive forces development has been made. Various definitions of economic space have been systematized and analyzed. It is substantiated that the system approach is the most suitable for use in the process of defining the concept of economic space. Economic space is a territory in which economic agents operate and interact within the available resource, institutional, social, infrastructural and other constraints. The concept of economic space reflects the functioning of the system, in which the object of management for a certain period keeps the structure and properties unchanged. The region is defined as a stable set of elements interconnected by socio-economic conditions, common interests, strategic goals and a single value system. The development of this system is provided by available resource potential, cross-sectoral and interregional cooperation, and active participation of public institutions in regional socio-economic processes. The relative independence of the region as a system is determined by its socio-economic unity with the national economy (quasi-state). At the same time region is a system with competitive advantages and the ability to self-development (quasi-corporation). It isn’t only a territorial unit; also it is a social basic unit of economic space due to the fact that the population, differentiated by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, is the central element of the territorial system and a single territorial community.
The Strategy of Power Politics of the Philippines in Facing China in the South China Sea Conflict
Authors: Imanuddin Ahmad Fauzi , Sugito Sugito
Published: December 2021

The South China Sea conflict has involved many parties, including the Philippines. In defending one of the most strategic islands, the Spratly Islands, the Philippines has exerted its hard power by increasing its military power strategy. By engaging the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and working with the U.S., the Philippines can increase its military power. The prior studies have only explored how the dispute in SCS is caused by maritime growth, and some have found the effective way to solve the issue is from the liberal perspective. This study uses a power politics approach to the Philippines' strategy to defend the Spratly Islands and its surroundings in the South China Sea dispute. It analyzes the Philippines' interests in the Spratly islands. The research was conducted using qualitative methods through literature study, and the data were analyzed, then described to obtain a complete picture of the answers to the problems studied. This finding explores how the Philippines' defense strategy works and how it is generated. The results of this study indicate that the defense strategy in the Spratly Islands is generated by the national interests of the Philippines, especially in the economic field.
India’s Withdrawal from Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
Authors: Wicaksono Abraham Hugo Pandu
Published: December 2021

The Sino-US competition in the Indo-Pacific has become a central issue in international relations and how the competition of both countries affects state behavior. This article attempts to provide explanations of India's behavior in deciding to leave the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement by using the neoclassical realism theory. Neoclassical realism believes that the actors' behavior is influenced by the constellation of international structures and domestic constellations. India's exit from RCEP was influenced by structural changes in the Indo-Pacific region, with the loss of China's balance of power marked by the withdrawal of the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Moreover, the condition has been exacerbated by the pressure received by Narendra Modi at the domestic level with the emergence of rejection of India's involvement in RCEP. It has influenced Narendra Modi's perception, who was active in the region with the two factors above, decided to resign from RCEP.
Body Shaming dalam Al-Qur’an Perspektif Tafsir Maqasidi
Authors: Mundzir Muhammad , Aulana Arin Maulida , Arizki Nunik Alviatul
Published: December 2021

Covid-19, Emotional Mental Conditions, Quarantine, Memorizing the Qur'an. This research derives from academic problems such as. Firstly, body shaming is an actual phenomenon, and it is widely discussed. Secondly, the phenomenon of body shaming has occurred in the past until now, but it has different terms these days. Thirdly, the interpretations related to the verse on the term body shaming have not touched the maqasidi aspect and only discussed the prohibition. In this study, the author uses a type of library research and a descriptive method with the Tafsir Maqasidi approach. This approach serves to explore the interpretation of the verse along with the analysis. Maqasidi and its contextualization in the present. This study produced several findings, such as the value of benefit including the value of humanity (speaking human words), the value of justice (every disgraceful behavior will have consequences), and the value of moderation: (saying with respect for the feelings of others). The Maqasidi aspects contained in the prohibition of body shaming are in the form of hifz al-nafs, hifz al-din, and hifz al-‘aql.
Proposta de Indicador de Nível Socioeconômico dos Educandos
Authors: De Freitas Barros Gabriela Thamara , De Oliveira Adolfo Samuel
Published: December 2021

Este texto objetiva contribuir para a construção de um Indicador de Nível Socioeconômico dos Educandos (Inse) que possa orientar a distribuição dos recursos do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb), bem como subsidiar a contextualização dos resultados das avaliações e dos exames da educação básica; a focalização em determinadas políticas educacionais; e a disponibilização de dados socioeconômicos para pesquisas acadêmicas, no âmbito das informações oficiais produzidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep). Não obstante, foram enfatizados, neste trabalho, o cálculo e a disponibilização do indicador para o nível municipal e estadual, desagregando-o por redes (total, pública, federal, estadual, municipal e privada). O indicador tem sua fundamentação teórica amparada na literatura da área de estratificação social e educacional, e sua metodologia se apoia na Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) e na análise hierárquica de cluster. Os resultados contemplam a discussão de alguns problemas relativos à construção e à compreensão do Inse, apontando formas de superá-los. O estudo apresenta uma proposta de indicador que visa não só contextualizar as avaliações e os exames do Inep e fornecer dados socioeconômicos para a pesquisa educacional, mas também subsidiar a distribuição dos recursos do Fundeb; tece um conjunto de recomendações para a construção do Inse oficial do Instituto; e disponibiliza uma planilha com os resultados do indicador para municípios e estados, desagregados por redes.

Download da planilha de Indicadores de Nível Socioeconômico
A educação infantil e sua vinculação à nova complementação da União ao Fundeb
Authors: Amorim Simões Armando , De Assis Alves Fabiana
Published: December 2021

O artigo situa a educação infantil no contexto da nova legislação, que torna o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb) um mecanismo permanente para o financiamento da educação básica. Analisa o aspecto redistributivo da nova parcela de complementação-Vaat da União ao Fundeb e sua vinculação de 50% à educação infantil, argumentando que tal vinculação é frágil dada a finalidade originariamente voltada à equalização da capacidade de financiamento das redes públicas de ensino da nova complementação da União. Finalmente propõe um indicador que atenda às exigências da Emenda Constitucional nº 108, de 26 de agosto de 2020, e da Lei nº 14.113, de 25 de dezembro de 2020, simulando em uma análise ex-ante seus resultados com base em dados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica de 2020, do Indicador de Nível Socioeconômico dos Educandos (Inse) de 2019, das redes municipais de ensino, e dados da complementação-Vaat da União, tomando como referência o ano de 2021.
UNDERSTANDING CONFLICT MATERIALS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH PICTURED E-MODULES FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Dewi Susi Fitria , Fatmariza Fatmariza , Angraini Nosy Mutia , Karmila Susi
Published: December 2021

There has been an increase in teacher creativity to develop various learning media during the pandemic. This paper has the aim of showing one form of developing high school Civics teaching materials, namely conflict and conflict resolution in the form of a Picture E-Module. There are two problem formulations, namely (1) what is the form of the illustrated E-Modul on Conflict and Conflict Resolution material for high school students? (2) how is the validity of the media and the validity of the illustrated E-Module material? Using the Research and Development (R&D) research method of the Bord and Gall model, the E-Modul trial was conducted on class XII students in four high schools in the city of Padang, with a total of 203 students as respondents. The feasibility of this E-Module in terms of media validity has been tested by two experts with a validity result of 79.1% (Valid). For the validity of the material has been tested by 203 students obtained a validity value of 73.8% (good). The results of the media test and validity test show that this E-Module is quite effective in being used as a learning medium to improve students' understanding of Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects, especially Conflict and Conflict Resolution materials
NEW MEDIA AND MODEL OF NEWS REPORTING IN NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Harahap Hendra , Sabarina Yovita , Lubis Fatma Wardy
Published: December 2021

Studies in the presence of new media and its relationship with conventional media recently could be mapped into three trends. Firstly, studies in media competition between traditional and online media. These studies, generally put online media both in a position that is superior to traditional media, and also as a complement to the existence of traditional media. Second, studies that explore patterns of online and print media consumption that show dualism in the use of media by the public. These study highlight how consumers use online and print media together and are complementary (complementary models). Third, studies that look at the impact of social media on journalism practices that give a new character to the system and mechanism of media work. This article will explain the relationship between the growth of new media, media competition and its impacts on the mode of news reporting in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This article starts with the assumption that the massive expansion of new media can also have a positive impact on the industry and media organizations.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ARCHIEVEMENTS IN IMPROVING ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES IN THE GOVERNMENT SECTION IN THE OFFICE OF THE REGENT OF THE REGENCY OF BATU BARA
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati , Mardiana Siti , Sinaga Rudi Salam
Published: December 2021

Organizing archives needs to be done with good management. However, the Governance Section of the Batu Bara Regency Regent's Office still has weaknesses, especially in terms of archive management work procedures. The purpose of this study was to find out how the effectiveness of the archives in improving the administrative services of the Governance Section at the Regent's Office of Batubara Regency. and what are the factors that hinder archives in improving the administrative services of the Governance Section at the Batubara Regency Regent's Office? This study uses a descriptive method with qualitative analysis techniques. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study found job satisfaction has not been effective because employees have not participated in education and training evenly.
OEANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA PROVINSI SUMATERA (ORIPS) PEMATANG SIANTAR DALAM PERJUANGAN KEMERDEKAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA DI SUMATERA PADA TAHUN 1947-1949
Authors: Utami Sri , Lukitoyo Pristi Suhendro
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan Provinsi Sumatera mencetak ORIPS, proses pencetakan ORIPS, dan peranannya dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan RI di Sumatera. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka (library research). Teknik pengumpulan data diambil dari wawancara, observasi dan sumber-sumber buku atau literatur tentang uang. Paska proklamasi kemerdekaan RI kondisi perekonomian Indonesia sangat kacau, diperparah dengan kedatangan tentara NICA yang ingin menguasai wilayah Indonesia kembali. Taktik Belanda untuk menguasai Indonesia dengan menyebarkan uang NICA dan melakukan blokade ekonomi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut pemerintah Indonesia membuat kebijakan untuk mencetak uang sendiri. Indonesia menerbitkan uang kertas pertama yang bernama Oeang Republik Indonesia (ORI). ORI hadir untuk menolak uang NICA, uang Jepang, dan Dejavasche Bank yang masih beredar setelah Indonesia merdeka. Dalam peredaran ORI mengalami banyak kendala akibat dari aksi polisionil, blokade dan kondisi geografis sehingga uang ORI tidak tersebar merata ke seluruh daerah termasuk Pulau Sumatera. Agar kegiatan perekonomian tetap berjalan melalui peraturan pemerintah No. 19/1947 tertanggal 26 Oktober 1947 Pemerintah memberikan wewenang kepada pemerintah Daerah tingkat Provinsi untuk mencetak uang daerah (ORIDA). Provinsi Sumatera mencetak uang bernama ORIPS yang terbit pada 11 April 1947 di Pematang Siantar. ORIPS terdiri dari pecahan 1, 5, 10, dan 100 roepiah. Bahan kertas yang digunakan adalah kertas HVS. Proses pencetakan ORIPS dilaksanakan di Percetakan Negara II (Percetakan Deli) yang sebelumnya telah dipidahkan dari Kota Medan ke Kota Pematang Siantar. ORIPS menjalankan peranannya sebagai alat perjuangan karena dapat membiayai segala keperluan negara yang baru berdiri, Seperti membiayai gaji pegawai, polisi, tentara, dan menanggulangi perekonomian rakyat .
TRADISI UPACARA KEMATIAN PADA ETNIS KARO DI DESA SUKANDEBI KECAMATAN NAMANTERAN KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Bukit Indah Permata Sari , Lubis Hafnita Sari Dewi
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan Tradisi Upacara Kematian Pada Masyarakat Karo di Desa Sukandebi Kecamatan Namanteran Kabupaten Karo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian digital, dimana penulis melihat dan mengamati melalui kaset CD, kemudian penelitian lapangan untuk melakukan wawancara dengan narasumber dan didukung dengan penelitian Library research. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dalam melaksanakan tradisi upacara kematian, hal pertama yang akan dilakukan oleh masyarakat Karo adalah Runggu (musyawarah) oleh kalimbubu, sukut dan anak beru. Kemudian acara yang dilaksanakan selanjutnya adalah pembayaran utang adat, Utang adat pada kematian cawir metua dinamakan “maneh-maneh” dan barang yang diberikan kepada kalimbubu berupa beka buluh dan kain jongkit. Pada jenis kematian tabah-tabah galuh, utang adat nya dinamakan “morah-morah” dan barang yang diberikan kepada kalimbubu berupa baju jas atau kebaya ataupun pakaian sehari-hari selama hidupnya. Dan pada upacara kematian mati muda dinamakan sebagai “sapu-sapu iluh” barang yang diberikan kepada kalimbubu adalah baju yang dipakai semasa hidupnya. Kemudian acara gendang (menari) sekaligus pemberian kata penghiburan kepada keluarga yang ditinggalkan. Dalam pelaksanaan pembayaran utang adat akan dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kesepakatan dan kesanggupan perekonomian dari keluarga yang mengalami kematian tersebut. Barang serta benda yang dijadikan sebagai utang adat juga dapat disesuaikan dengan kesanggupan keluarga, oleh karena itu biasanya utang adat harus dibayar meskipun barang yang diberikan hanya berupa baju sehari-hari yang dipakai oleh orang yang meninggal tersebut. Jika utang adat orang yang meninggal tersebut tidak dibayar, maka dikemudian hari juga harus dibayar kan oleh anak-anaknya. Karena utang adat merupakan suatu kewajiban bagi masyarakat Karo untuk dijalankan.
PERANAN DR. T.D. PARDEDE DALAM PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT SUMATERA UTARA (1923-1991)
Authors: Hutabarat Supriadi Hartawan , Sinaga Rosmaida
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehidupan masa kecil DR. T.D. Pardede dan mengetahui peranan DR. T.D. Pardede dalam pembangunan baik dalam bidang ekonomi, bidang pendidikan, bidang kesehatan, bidang kerohanian bagi masyarakat Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sejarah dengan pendekatan heuristik,kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi yang berkaitan dengan konsep-konsep sejarah.Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan menggunakan studi pustaka atau buku-buku yang mendukung penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan masa kecil T.D. Pardede sangat sederhana semenjak kehilangan ayah tercintanya, sehingga beliau dituntut hidup mandiri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dan ibunya. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya beliau meminta izin kepada ibu dan pamannya untuk memasuki kehidupan pasar setelah selesai jam sekolah dan ibunya memperkenankan beliau berjualan di pasar secara kecil-kecilan. Berjalannya waktu T.D Pardede semakin dewasa, beliau sempat bekerja di perkebunan milik pemerintahan Belanda di Dolok Ilir, namun pendapatan dari perkebunan tersebut dirasa tidak cukup sehingga beliau juga meneruskan usahanya dengan berjualan gula aren dan membuka kedai tuak (minuman khas batak). Upah yang diterimanya dari perkebunan dan usahanya sudah cukup, sehingga beliau membuka industri tekstil yang berhasil membuat dirinya dikenal banyak masyarakat Sumatera Utara dan menciptakan lowongan pekerjaan yang besar. Tidak hanya berkutat di dunia pertekstilan, beliau juga aktif dalam pembangunan pendidikan dengan membangun sekolah-sekolah dan yayasan perguruan, pembangunan perhotelan, rumah ibadah, pembangunan kesehatan berupa pembangunan akademi keperawatan dan Rumah Sakit Herna, dan pembangunan-pembangunan lainnya.
BIOGRAFI PAYUNG BANGUN: PENDIDIK DAN PENGAJAR YANG KONSISTEN BERKARYA
Authors: Simatupang Risa Christina , Tanjung Yushar
Published: December 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas intelektual seorang guru besar Antropologi Sosial,kontribusinya berupa karya-karya di bidang pendidikan, kebudayaan dan sejarah tokoh. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deksriftif kualitatif melalui penelitian lapangan dan kepustakaan.Kajian lapangan dilaksanakan dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap keluarga dan kerabat  sedangkan penelitian kepustakan dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan karya-karya tertulisBeliau yang dapat mendukung kajian guna dianalisis kemudian disajikan dalam pembahasan. Hasil kajian diperoleh bahwa aktivitas intelektual Payung Bangun sangat dipengaruhi pemikiran beliau ketika sebagai mahasiswa dan menjadi asisten  Prof.M. Yamin dalam membantu mata kuliah Sejarah Indonesia dan sejarah Asia Tenggara. Ini membawa Payung Bangun terus berdedikasi di dunia pendidikan,dan pengajaran sebagai Dosen dan membimbing mahasiswa hingga menyelesaikan perkuliahan. Karya-karya tertulis yang disumbangkan untuk pengembangan akademik khususnya Sejarah adalah buku Kolonel Maludin Simbolon,Pendidik dan Pejuang Melanchton Siregar, Dari Medan Area ke Sipirok Area,Terang itu Sudah Menyinari,Pelapisan Sosial di Kabanjahe.Dari tulisannya dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsistensi beliau dalam pendidikan dan pengajaran tertuang dalam tulisan beliau di buku-buku dan artikel yang dibuatnya bahwa Pendidikan Pengajaran Sejarah dalam menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan Nasionalisme.
PENGEMBANGAN LITERATUR SEJARAH AMERIKA BERBASIS ECOPEDAGOGY DI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH
Authors: Nasution Abd Haris , Tanjung Flores , Diansyah Arfan
Published: December 2021

Environmental intelligence or ecopedagogy today is important to be internalized in students as part of the environment. History records that increasing environmental intelligence / ecopedagogy is one of the solutions that have been implemented by the Americans in dealing with various pandemics such as the Blackdeath plague (14-15 century), smallpox epidemic (15 century), Yellow Fever (18 century), Spanish Flu (century 20). When the world is hit by the Sars, Mers and Covid-19 Pandemic in the 21st century, ecopedagogy is an important solution in terms of prevention. This study purpose is  producing an ecopedagogy-based American History literature that can be used as a guideline / solution for the prevention of the Covid-19 pandemic against the background of the past experiences of Americans in overcoming various kinds of pandemics. This study uses the Research and Development method of the Borg and Gall model which consists of 4 stages, namely Preliminary Study, Development, Field Testing, Dissemination and Product Socialization. The results of this study indicate that as a medium of literature this is in the Good category with a mean score of 4.14 from the results of the validity test. While the material content obtained a score of 4.14 from the validity test results and entered into the good category. The limitation of this research is until the stage of product dissemination and socialization. This research has a novelty value in the form of American Green History literature products.
Viscous Liquid Breakdown Voltage Measurements
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, KIESEWETTER Dmitry V. , TRUBIN Denis A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, KULKAEV Alan E. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: December 2021

The national standards on measuring the breakdown voltage of liquid dielectrics are considered, in particular, the measurement procedure and the measuring cell main parameters. The breakdown voltage of PDMS-1000, PDMS-12500 and PDMS-30000 liquids produced by various manufacturers was measured, and the main problems faced in carrying out measurements were identified. It is shown, using the example of polydimethylsiloxane liquid dielectrics, that after breakdown of viscous liquids, a channel is produced in them, which consists of gas bubbles held by the surface tension force, due to which the channel may in many cases persist for a long time. Theoretical calculations confirmed by an experiment were performed, based on which the velocity of air bubbles in polydimethylsiloxane liquids can be estimated. A conclusion has been drawn about the necessity to increase the time intervals between individual measurements, as well as the time interval before the start of measurements after pouring the test liquid into the measurement cell. It is shown that visual control of the interelectrode region and a special method of mixing the liquid are also necessary. It can be stated based on the accomplished study that the existing standards for breakdown voltage measurements in viscous liquids need to be refined.
On the 140th Anniversary of the International Exhibition of Electricity, Paris, 1881. Part 2: The Most Understandable Lesson
Authors:   LLC «Engineering Center «Ruselprom», BORODIN Dmitry A.
Published: December 2021

This exhibition, which was dedicated solely to electricity, pursued primarily scientific, technical and educational goals. The commercial component was in the second place. Under the banner of the new science, thousands of scientists, engineers, inventors, entrepreneurs, and enthusiasts from different countries and continents succeeded to unite for the first time and clearly show the whole world the prospects for development in the near future. The First International Congress of Electricians, held within the framework of the exhibition, overcame scientific and state differences and developed a unified approach to electrical units. The International Electrical Exhibition was a kind of the electrical engineering community crystallization point, a platform for its consolidation, the unity of which the time was unable to destroy. The first part of the article [1] shows the great efforts done by the organizing committee on preparing the electrical exhibition. Special attention is paid to the exhibition expositions, its main halls and pavilions. Testimonials of eyewitnesses of those events are given. The second part is devoted to the 1st International Congress of Electricians, its main objectives and results. It tells about Thomas Edison's lighting system, which became the central event of the exhibition. The final event of the exhibition on awarding participants is described.
Ambiente virtual de aprendizaje colaborativo para la Educación Vial y Construcción de la Ciudadanía
Authors: Silva Monsalve Alexandra María , Gómez Luis Fernando , Fuquene Adriana
Published: December 2021

La incorporación de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje colaborativo en la enseñanza de la educación vial y construcción de la ciudadanía surgió como iniciativa para contrarrestar los altos índices de accidentalidad de los ciudadanos en etapa escolar. Su diseño se realizó mediante la técnica de secuenciación de los contenidos de enseñanza. Metodológicamente la investigación se adelantó desde el enfoque cualitativo, mediante un estudio centrado en la investigación acción, teniendo como punto de partida las bases del modelo de constructivismo virtual y sociocultural para el aprendizaje en red. El proyecto se desarrolló en 4 fases: revisión, producción, implementación y pos implementación. Durante estas, se aplicaron instrumentos de recolección de información: evaluación de contenidos, la encuesta diagnóstica, la entrevista semi-estructurada y la observación participante. Esta información fue codificada, clasificada y categorizada a partir del análisis crítico de discurso y análisis descriptivo. Posterior a la implementación del proyecto, se pudo evidenciar que los estudiantes aumentaron su nivel de conocimientos acerca de la educación vial y construcción de la ciudadanía. Además, se generó la expectativa en los docentes sobre la técnica de análisis de contenidos, los cuales contribuyeron a la construcción de un ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo transversal mediante la integración de diferentes áreas.
Potencialidades didácticas de la Inteligencia Artificial. Mediaciones tecnológicas para una enseñanza disruptiva.
Authors: Dellepiane Paola
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro Potencialidades didácticas de la Inteligencia Artificial. Mediaciones tecnológicas para una enseñanza disruptiva. Silvia Coicaud
1a ed. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Centro de Publicaciones Educativas y Material Didáctico, 2019. 128 pp. 
ISBN: 978-987-538-679-2
La Realidad virtual como mediadora de aprendizajes. Desarrollo de una aplicación móvil de Realidad Virtual orientada a niños
Authors: Chirinos Delfino Yesica
Published: December 2021

Las investigaciones hasta el momento, han demostrado que las aplicaciones de RV son efectivas en múltiples niveles de educación y formación, con un alto grado de aceptación por parte de los estudiantes. Una característica importante en las aplicaciones de RV, es la interacción por parte de usuario con el mundo virtual. Esta interacción fomenta el compromiso activo, que es deseable para el aprendizaje. Las propiedades intrínsecas y el mecanismo cognitivo de la RV, permiten a los estudiantes concentrarse conscientemente en lo que están experimentando y participar en un aprendizaje más significativo. Las aplicaciones de RV pueden permitir a los estudiantes explorar y aprender a su propio ritmo y repetir las experiencias tantas veces como lo deseen. Esto resulta atractivo tanto para los estudiantes como para los educadores, a quienes les permite enseñar diferentes habilidades. De las tecnologías educativas que se utilizan actualmente, la RV es considerada prometedora debido a su capacidad de “sumergir” a los alumnos en el entorno que están estudiando. El valor agregado de la RV es involucrar al estudiante en contextos de aprendizaje que son difíciles de comprender debido a su abstracción, dificultad o incluso debido a que son peligrosos.De acuerdo con lo anteriormente expuesto, y del interés por buscar mecanismos alternativos en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, surge la motivación de esta tesis, de investigar sobre estas temáticas y del desarrollo de una aplicación móvil educativa de RV, basada en diversas experiencias obtenidas de la investigación previa y un análisis exhaustivo de distintas aplicaciones de RV. A partir de estas motivaciones se plantean, los objetivos de esta tesis.
Una Propuesta para el Desarrollo de Pensamiento Computacional en Niños y Jóvenes
Authors: García Angarita Maritza , Deco Claudia , Bender Cristina , Collazos Cesar A.
Published: December 2021

En la actualidad existen muchas instituciones, tanto públicas como privadas, preocupadas por las múltiples dificultades que tienen los estudiantes universitarios al enfrentarse con materias como física, matemática, programación, entre otras. Para esto, en Colombia se han propuesto diferentes estrategias a nivel universitario como ser semilleros y clubes académicos, y también a nivel de educación básica secundaria con propuestas de la Secretaría de Educación y de empresas privadas. Algunas de las propuestas son Innobótica, Ingenierían e Interchange. Estas propuestas promueven el aprendizaje significativo en varias áreas del conocimiento tales como física, electrónica, matemática, programación, mecánica, entre otras. En este artículo se presenta una propuesta institucional para la Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, que propone crear un club enfocado en los más niños, hacia el aprendizaje de software específico para el logro de pensamiento computacional.
Desenvolvimento de uma plataforma educacional baseada em realidade virtual para treinamento profissional
Authors: Valerio Netto Antonio
Published: December 2021

O artigo descreve o desenvolvimento técnico de uma plataforma educacional baseada em realidade virtual, para promover um melhor engajamento dos profissionais da área de segurança em seus treinamentos operacionais. A geração dos conteúdos dos módulos dos treinamentos desse simulador foi baseada em metodologia ativa, mais especificamente PBL (Problem Basead Learning). A proposta da simulação virtual é expor o profissional em situações simuladas da sua própria rotina de trabalho. E com isto acompanhar sua forma de reagir e quais são suas reais atitudes perante uma ação espontânea. A proposta do sistema é que seja possível identificar ações inadequadas e orientar o profissional para uma mudança de postura para aprimorar sua competência.
La habilidad de modelar conectivas lógicas en diferentes dominios
Authors: D'Angelo Verónica Sofía
Published: December 2021

En lógica proposicional, las conectivas de disyunción o conjunción en proposiciones simples se comprenden de manera intuitiva. La dificultad de algunos estudiantes de programación estriba en identificar una red de proposiciones compuestas y conectivas lógicas que subyacen a una situación problemática. Una técnica muy utilizada para contextualizar conceptos es la provisión de ejemplos ilustrativos. Propusimos investigar el efecto que produce la generación de ejemplos (inventados por los alumnos), con posterioridad a la recepción de ejemplos del docente. Observamos que al recibir problemas que pertenecen a un mismo dominio temático se promueve la comprensión y la transferencia intra dominio, pero es improbable la transferencia a dominios distantes. En el primer experimento comprobamos que contextualizar con un único ejemplo es suficiente para promover la comprensión (realizar los ejercicios y tablas) pero no facilita en los estudiantes la posibilidad de imaginar escenarios distintos para la aplicación de las mismas reglas. En un segundo experimento, presentamos dos situaciones consecutivas en contextos distintos, el grupo experimental recibió ejemplos acompañados de un conjunto de instrucciones de comparación, y el grupo control sólo recibió los ejemplos sin instrucciones para compararlos. Observamos que en la condición de comparación, los estudiantes proponen ejemplos más alejados de los dominios temáticos propuestos. Inferimos que la comparación de ejemplos es un potente mecanismo para promover la transferencia en el aprendizaje de reglas de lógica proposicional aplicadas a situaciones concretas.
Educação em Algoritmos e Estruturas de Dados no Contexto do Ensino Baseado em Jogos Digitais
Authors: Telinski Wiedermann Agner Luciane , Ferreira Thomen Marieli Aparecida , Utzig Gabriel Mauricio , Wisniewski Soares Inali
Published: December 2021

Em Ciência da Computação a disciplina de Algoritmos e Estruturas de Dados visa fornecer aos alunos a compreensão de tipos de dados abstratos, incluindo sua especificação, implementação e aplicação. Um dos maiores desafios no ensino é demonstrar a natureza dinâmica dos conceitos relacionados. Introduzir o desenvolvimento de jogos em disciplinas que envolvem lógica, algoritmos e programação como tópico para uma tarefa ou projeto é uma abordagem que permite aplicar os conceitos em problemas reais. Os requisitos e as características dos jogos possibilitam a realização de diversas atividades de programação e lógica, bem como o uso de estruturas de dados. Este artigo apresenta um jogo de lógica digital baseado em estruturas de dados. O jogo proposto visa aprimorar habilidades cognitivas de forma lúdica e foi desenvolvido no contexto da Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos. Como resultado foi possível aplicar um importante conceito da computação em um exemplo real no contexto da gamificação.