bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relevance of Biblical Exegesis to the Study of the Dynamics of the Educational Relationship in Contemporary Pedagogy. An Example of the Biblical Story of the Calling of Levi
Authors: Waga Leszek
Published: January 2025

Pedagogues analysing the role of theology in pedagogical sciences often see theology as the basis for making moral recommendations derived primarily from the Revelation contained in the Bible. This approach minimises the relevance of biblical sciences to pedagogy while narrowing the perspective of its research areas. Biblical exegesis is now revealing a number of issues of great importance for contemporary pedagogy. One of these is the dynamics of the educational relationship, especially themutual influence and role of the educator and the student in the educational process. The main focus of this article’s analysis is the Gospel story of the calling of Levi (Matthew) and Jesus’ subsequent meal with sinners and tax collectors. The interpretative possibilities of this story, or rather of the one sentence linking the calling with the description of the meal (Mark 2:15), will be presented in the light of contemporary possibilities of biblical exegesis. The results of biblical studies do not conclusively resolve the question of whether, after the calling, the disciple followed the Master or the Master followed the disciple. This issue may be a symbolic exemplification of the problem of the subjectivity of the educator and the student in their educational relationship. The article deals with the meta-theoretical issue of pedagogy, demonstrating new possibilities for the use of biblical teachings in pedagogy. The aim of the study is to show close links between the dilemmas of contemporary biblical exegesis and issues of education. Sources for the analyses carried out include publications in the field of biblical exegesis as well as monographs and articles from the field of general pedagogy (concerning interdisciplinary research as well as the language of pedagogy) and Christian pedagogy.
An Application Of Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model To Infant Mortality Rates In China
Authors:   College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China, Zhang Huiguo , Hu Xijian ,   College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China, Li Yitong ,   College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
Published: January 2025

High infant mortality rate is still a worldwide problem and
the situation is even worse in some developing countries or regions
with political instability, low economic levels and epidemic diseases.
In addition, some studies have shown that infant mortality rate affects
fertility rate, so it is important to reduce the infant mortality rate when
China’s population has already started to grow negatively in 2022. Infant
mortality rate is a discrete count data. This kind of data usually does not
follow the basic assumption of normality, so the use of ordinary linear
regression models on it may produce inconsistent or biased estimates.
Double hierarchical generalized linear model (DHGLM) are a class of
models that exist specifically for count data. They can model the mean
and proportion parameters hierarchically and specify random effects
for the mean and dispersion which is a good solution to the problem of
underestimating standard errors due to overdispersion of the data. This
paper proposes a double hierarchical generalized linear model combined
with the integrated nested laplace approximation within markov chain
monte carlo (MCMCINLA) to analyze the data of infant mortality rate
in China. At the same time, a spatial lag term is added to the model
to analyze the spatial correlation of the data. Finally, the influence of
economic or medical factors on infant mortality rate is analyzed and some
policy suggestions are given to reduce infant mortality rate according to
the analysis results.
Improving wavefront reconstruction performance with a binary phase hybrid Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor
Authors: Guan Hongli , Zhao Wang , Yang Kangjian , Zhao Chensi , Wang Shuai , Liu Shenghu , Xiang Chenye , Su Chunxuan , Yang Ping
Published: January 2025

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor’s wavefront reconstruction performance can be improved if more wavefront details over sub-apertures can be acquired. Based on this idea, we design a kind of binary phase hybrid Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (BPH-SHWFS) with binary phase modulation in each sub-aperture. After modulation, it’s easier to extract high-order aberration modes for each sub-aperture by a specially designed neural network. We modified the reconstruction matrix with more modes’ information, and then the wavefront reconstruction accuracy and resolution were improved. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the validity of the BPH-SHWFS. Experimental results have shown that the proposed sensor can accurately sense higher-order wavefront information compared to the conventional Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (C-SHWFS) with the same spatial sampling rate. In the case of strong atmospheric turbulence, the BPH-SHWFS’ spatial resolution is able to break the C-SHWFS’ limit and reconstruct the aberration precisely, even with sparse sub-apertures. Besides, the well-trained network is for a single sub-aperture, so once the training process is complete, the network still has universality after the number of sub-apertures changes.
Nonlinear optical detection of the orbital angular momentum of light
Authors: Kim Ju-Young , Cho Minhaeng
Published: January 2025

Optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have gained significant interest due to their unique properties, enhancing various communication systems and enabling applications such as the characterization of material or molecular chirality. Generating and detecting the OAM of light is thus crucial for numerous applications but poses challenges. This paper proposes a method utilizing stimulated Raman scattering to detect the magnitude of OAM. By exploring the strong Raman coupling between the pump and Stokes beams in higher-order Laguerre–Gauss modes, we demonstrate the discrimination of different optical vortex beams through nonlinear optical measurements. Numerical and experimental results support the feasibility of this approach, potentially advancing optical communication and sensing technologies.
Self-compressed to narrowband picosecond pulses generated by extremely large anomalous net cavity dispersion
Authors: Efremov V. D. , Wolf A. A. , Dostovalov A. V. , Kharenko D. S.
Published: January 2025

An all-fiber laser with passive mode-locking based on the NPE effect was realized with highly chirped Bragg grating (CFBG), which provides extremely large anomalous net cavity dispersion of −81.2 ps2. It provides pulses with a spectral width of 0.12 nm, a duration of 16 ps, and an energy of 0.6 nJ. Intracavity evolution of such narrowband pulses was investigated numerically. It revealed a key influence of the spectrum self-compression effect on the pulse formation in a laser cavity. We also showed that a resulting pulse spectral width is not affected by the CFBG bandwidth but by the negative chirp provided by the grating. At the same time, the pulse duration remains almost constant along the fibers in contrast to dispersion-managed fiber lasers. The work demonstrates the great potential of a spectrum self-compression effect for further research of picosecond pulse generation schemes.
Blind signal reconstruction for continuous-time photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converters
Authors: Guo Yuhang , Li Jingbo , Chen Jianping , Wu Guiling
Published: January 2025

Here, we propose a blind signal reconstruction scheme for continuous-time photonic time stretch (CT-PTS) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The dynamic envelope extraction is realized online through low-pass filtering avoiding the effect of system parameter fluctuation. Channel mismatch is blindly corrected by processing the overlapping segments between adjacent channels using the least mean squares algorithm. The proposed scheme is experimentally validated on a four-channel CT-PTS ADC. The spurious free dynamic range of the CT-PTS ADC has a more than 10.9 dB improvement after mismatch correction. Frequency measurement with an error of less than ±7 MHz is achieved in the frequency range of 1 GHz to 26.25 GHz. A 10 MHz frequency resolution is also validated through a dual-tone test at 10 GHz.
Acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YLF/KGW/LBO Raman yellow laser operating at 578 nm
Authors: Chen Peining , Xiao Zefeng , Nan Yaodi , Wang Yisen , Tan Weifeng , Xu Xiaoman , Zhu Siqi , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang , Dai Shibo
Published: January 2025

A high-power and high-energy nanosecond-pulsed solid-state pro-yellow laser at 578 nm is developed by intracavity second-harmonic generation of an acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YLF/KGW Raman laser in a type I critical phase-matching LBO crystal. The first-Stokes laser at 1156 nm driven by the 1047 nm Nd:YLF laser on the π polarization is firstly generated by accessing the Raman shift of 901 cm−1 in the KGW crystal and then turns into the pro-yellow laser at 578 nm in the LBO crystal. Substantial power and efficiency enhancements have been enabled by improving the thermal fracture pump limit with a multi-segmented Nd:YLF crystal and compensating the negative thermal lens effect of the π polarized beam with a spherical lens. Under the injected pump power of 51 W, the maximum average output power at 578 nm reaches 4.5 W with a repetition rate of 5 kHz and the pulse duration of 6.7 ns, and the resultant optical power conversion efficiency is 8.8%. Meanwhile, the pulse energy is elevated to 3.6 mJ at 1 kHz repetition rate, corresponding to the pulse duration of 5.6 ns and the peak power of up to 660 kW.
Strong nanophotonic quantum squeezing exceeding 3.5  dB in a foundry-compatible Kerr microresonator
Authors: Shen Yichen , Hsieh Ping-Yen , Sridhar Sashank Kaushik , Feldman Samantha , Chang You-Chia , Smith Thomas A. , Dutt Avik
Published: January 2025

Squeezed light, with its quantum noise reduction capabilities, has emerged as a powerful resource in quantum information processing and precision metrology. To reach noise reduction levels such that a quantum advantage is achieved, off-chip squeezers are typically used. The development of on-chip squeezed light sources, particularly in nanophotonic platforms, has been challenging. We report 3.7±0.2dB of directly detected nanophotonic quantum squeezing using foundry-fabricated silicon nitride (Si3N4) microrings with an inferred squeezing level of 10.2 dB on-chip. The squeezing level is robust across multiple devices and pump detunings, and is consistent with the overcoupling degree without noticeable degradation from excess classical noise. We also offer insights to mitigate thermally induced excess noise, which typically degrades squeezing, by using small-radius rings with a larger free spectral range (450 GHz) and consequently lower parametric oscillation thresholds. Our results demonstrate that Si3N4 is a viable platform for strong quantum noise reduction in a CMOS-compatible, scalable architecture.
Signals of propaganda—Detecting and estimating political influences in information spread in social networks
Authors: Sela Alon , Neter Omer , Lohr Václav , Cihelka Petr , Wang Fan , Zwilling Moti , Phillip Sabou John , Ulman Miloš
Published: January 2025

Social networks are a battlefield for political propaganda. Protected by the anonymity of the internet, political actors use computational propaganda to influence the masses. Their methods include the use of synchronized or individual bots, multiple accounts operated by one social media management tool, or different manipulations of search engines and social network algorithms, all aiming to promote their ideology. While computational propaganda influences modern society, it is hard to measure or detect it. Furthermore, with the recent exponential growth in large language models (L.L.M), and the growing concerns about information overload, which makes the alternative truth spheres more noisy than ever before, the complexity and magnitude of computational propaganda is also expected to increase, making their detection even harder. Propaganda in social networks is disguised as legitimate news sent from authentic users. It smartly blended real users with fake accounts. We seek here to detect efforts to manipulate the spread of information in social networks, by one of the fundamental macro-scale properties of rhetoric—repetitiveness. We use 16 data sets of a total size of 13 GB, 10 related to political topics and 6 related to non-political ones (large-scale disasters), each ranging from tens of thousands to a few million of tweets. We compare them and identify statistical and network properties that distinguish between these two types of information cascades. These features are based on both the repetition distribution of hashtags and the mentions of users, as well as the network structure. Together, they enable us to distinguish (p − value = 0.0001) between the two different classes of information cascades. In addition to constructing a bipartite graph connecting words and tweets to each cascade, we develop a quantitative measure and show how it can be used to distinguish between political and non-political discussions. Our method is indifferent to the cascade’s country of origin, language, or cultural background since it is only based on the statistical properties of repetitiveness and the word appearance in tweets bipartite network structures.
Experience of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for those with mild traumatic brain injury (ACTion mTBI): A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Faulkner Josh W. , Chua Jason , Voice-Powell Amabelle , Snell Deborah L. , Roche Maree , Moffat John , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Theadom Alice
Published: January 2025

Psychological interventions may make a valuable contribution to recovery following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and have been advocated for in treatment consensus guidelines. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a more recently developed therapeutic option that may offer an effective approach. Consequently, we developed ACTion mTBI, a 5-session ACT-informed intervention protocol. To establish the feasibility of this intervention, we wanted to understand participants’ experiences of ACTion mTBI, determine acceptability and identify any refinements needed to inform a full-scale effectiveness trial. We recruited adults (≥16 years of age) diagnosed with mTBI who were engaged in community-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation. After completing the ACTion mTBI sessions, 23/27 (85.2%) participants (mean time post-injury: 28.0 weeks) completed a semi-structured interview about their experience of the intervention. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a qualitative description approach. There were two overarching themes 1) attacking the concussion from a different direction and 2) positive impact on recovery which depicted participants’ overall experiences of the intervention. Within these overarching themes, our analysis also identified two subthemes: 1) helpful aspects of the intervention which included education and ACT processes (i.e., being present and being able to step back) and 2) “contextual factors that enabled intervention effectiveness” which included being equipped with tools, cultural and spiritual responsiveness, the therapeutic connection, and the intervention having a structured yet flexible approach to order of delivery to meet individual needs. Participants’ experiences support acceptability, cultural and spiritual responsibility of ACTion mTBI. Suggested refinements included enabling access to intervention over time, not just at one point during recovery and the addition of a brief check-in follow-up.
Tailoring anaesthetic strategies for diabetes research: Acepromazine vs. medetomidine in Aachen minipigs
Authors: Soares Sabrina , Wühl Elisabeth , Schlund Alexander , Schneider Tobias , Sohns Kyra , Rukwied Roman , Schmelz Martin , Kränzlin Bettina
Published: January 2025

Pre-established anaesthetic protocols in animal models might unexpectedly interfere with the main outcome of scientific projects and therefore they need to account for the specific research goals. We aimed to optimize the anaesthetic protocol and animal handling strategies in a diabetes-related-study exemplifying how the anaesthetic approach must be adjusted for individual research targets. Aachen minipigs were used as a model to test long-lasting skin glucose sensors for diabetic human patients. A total of 6 animals participated in two or three rounds of experiments. Each round lasted 2 months, with a maximum of 2 rounds per year. In each round, animals were anaesthetised 4 times: for glucose sensors insertion, twice for glucagon stress tests (GST), and a last time for removal of sensors. Acepromazine (ACE) was compared to medetomidine (MED) in association with butorphanol (BUT) and Ketamine (KET) and 4 parameters were analysed to define the optimum anaesthetic protocol including: sedation level, anaesthesia duration, effects on blood glucose and safety. ACE-BUT demonstrated a weaker sedative effect but reduced overall experimental time, minimized anaesthetic risk and minimally interfered with the glucose metabolism. The improvement obtained by animal conditioning and handling strategies applied in this study were not objectively estimated, although the aversion behavior was completely abolished. Based on the analysed parameters, the use of acepromazine is proposed to be superior when Aachen Minipigs are used specifically as a model for diabetes-related studies, albeit the recommendations for the anaesthesia of minipigs suggest otherwise.
Long-term engagement in smoking cessation campaign: A mixed methods randomized trial
Authors: Schwartz Robert , Borland Tracey , Shahid Maaz , Kuzmich Karen , Chaiton Michael
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A long-term engagement (LTE) intervention was embedded in a social marketing campaign aimed at motivating quit attempts among Canadian adult commercial tobacco users 35 to 64 years of age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and appeal of LTE within a marketing campaign.

Methods

3,199 Canadians who smoked cigarettes aged 35–64 recruited using Facebook and Instagram advertisements were randomized into Intervention and Control groups. Over the course of two years, Intervention Group participants received monthly emails connecting them to campaign news and activities, Mini Surveys to inform campaign refinement, feedback opportunities via focus groups and interviews, financial incentives, and proactive knowledge exchange presenting study findings. Both groups responded to a baseline and follow-up surveys every six months.

Results

LTE Intervention Group participants engaged frequently with emails (unique opens, open rates, click rates, and total clicks). Compared with Control Group members, they had significantly higher rates of: unaided and aided campaign awareness; engagement with the social marketing campaign (website visits, social media visits, likes/shares); actions towards making quit attempts; quit attempts. Many participants expressed feelings of motivation, support, and a sense of belonging.

Conclusions

When embedded in a social marketing campaign, meaningful long-term engagement of adults who smoke cigarettes shows promise as an intervention to promote quitting behaviors.

Implications

Active long-term engagement can significantly amplify the effects of social marketing campaigns aimed at promoting quit smoking behaviours among adults. The active engagement approach applied indicates that frequent long-term engagement is more effective when done in a more holistic, empathetic manner. The intervention also allows for real-time learning to support campaign development.

Trial registration

ISRCTN94797633.
The effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation programs on post-acute ankle sprain: A randomized controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Gao Hang , Chen Xiao , Ren Jiayi , Zhang Xinglai , Hu Yuqian , Ma Zhao , Gu Yuanjia , Tao Jiming , Yuan Weian
Published: January 2025

Background

Ankle sprain is a common clinical disease, which has the highest incidence rate among joint and ligament injuries. And acute ankle sprains can easily develop into chronic ankle instability, thereby increasing the difficulty of treatment. The current clinical guidelines for post-acute ankle sprains are still controversial. Pain and functional impairment are the most significant symptoms after ankle sprain. The main purpose of this study is to explore the safety and effectiveness of the intervention of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation programs on post-acute ankle sprains.

Methods

This study is a single center, prospective, intervention randomized controlled trial with a control group. 174 patients of 18–35 years old with post-acute ankle sprain will be included. A randomized controlled study is conducted and divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group receive routine treatment, while the experimental group receive integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation programs. The intervention lasted for a total of 2 weeks. The main outcome measures are Visual Analog Scale and Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; the secondary outcome measures are the Foot Ankle Ability Assessment Scale, AOFAS Ankle Posterior Foot Scale, torque and gait. This study protocol aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation programs by comparing the results of two groups before and after treatment. This protocol will follow the SPIRIT guidance.

Discussion

At present, there is a lack of rehabilitation management for post-acute ankle sprains. Therefore, this study has the potential to improve the healthcare for post-acute ankle sprains patients and might be used for future standardized evidence-based rehabilitation concepts.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=234465 (Registration No.: ChiCTR2400087456). Date: 2024-07-29.
AMMI analysis of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) selections for genotype by environment interaction and stability of grain yield in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Liyew , Kebede Mesfin , Wada Eyasu
Published: January 2025

Smallholder wheat farmers of Ethiopia frequently use landraces as seed sources that are low yielders and susceptible to diseases due to shortage of seeds of adapted improved bread wheat varieties. Developing novel improved varieties with wider adaptability and stability is necessary to maximize the productivity of bread wheat. Hence, a multi-location field trial was conducted across four locations in south Ethiopia during the 2022/23 main cropping season with the objective of estimating the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, and determine the stable genotype among the 10 Ethiopian bread wheat advanced selections using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data recorded from all plots on 13 agronomic traits and the three wheat rust diseases were computed using appropriate statistical software. The results showed that individual and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited the presence of highly significant variability (P<0.01) among the locations, genotypes, and GEI effects for most of the traits including grain yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) ANOVA for main effects; location, genotype and GEI revealed significant variation among the selections with 82.0%, 8.7% and 9.3% share of sum square variation, respectively. The genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) bi-plot analysis explained 92.44% of the total variation observed. AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses indicated G11, G9, G10, and G8 as high yielders and well-adaptive in the favourable locations. AMMI stability value (ASV) and Yield stability index (YSI) showed G5 and G8 as highly stable and adaptive selections across locations. Overall, the study identified that G8 as the most stable and adaptive selection, while G11 was the top yielder cultivar across locations. Therefor it was suggested that seeds of G8 can be grown across all the locations, whereas G11, G9, and G10 can be grown in the favourable environments and similar agro-ecologies in the east African region.
Our histories sounding our futures
Authors: Middleton Ian , Patiño Alexandra , Zamora Moisés
Published: January 2025

The project ‘Our histories in the music of the barrio’, carried out in Cali (Colombia) 2020–21, elucidates music’s role in helping participants act for more sustainable futures. It was a collaboration between Ian Middleton (Universidad de los Andes), Alexandra Patiño and Moisés Zamora (Foundation SIDOC), in which members of Tambores de Siloé conducted ethnographic audio-visual research on their neighbourhood, using their findings for musical creation. We consider four central tenets: (1) participant research and narrative production, (2) collective composition, (3) holism and (4) popular education. Positive outcomes cluster around four aspects of civic action that are catalysed by community music in mutually reinforcing loops: empathy, trust, collaboration and critical reflection. ‘Our histories’ emerges as a dialogic educational experience, promoting creative play and agency that interpolate problems on local, national and global scales. It drew on local know-how, catalyzing participants’ capacity to resist capitalist violence and strengthen communities.
Tristura-tristezia-(tristizia): algunas notas en torno a un microcosmos de historia lingüística compartida
Authors: Echenique M.ª Teresa
Published: January 2025

Este artículo ofrece datos y consideraciones sobre las relaciones históricas entre la lengua vasca y las lenguas latino-románicas en las diferentes etapas de su diacronía en el campo léxico. La autora reflexiona sobre todo ello sobre la base de investigaciones previas, y también actualizadas, en torno a la lengua vasca y las lenguas románicas con la ayuda adicional de corpus electrónicos. La aplicación del método filológico a la hora de analizar la evolución de palabras como tristura y tristeza en los diferentes dialectos de la lengua vasca permite reconstruir el proceso de dialectalización vasca y románica a la luz de su evolución diacrónica compartida.
Lapurdiko mintzoen aurkezpen dialektologikoa
Authors: Camino Iñaki
Published: January 2025

Lapurdi inguratzen duten berrikuntzen konstelazio franko dago euskararen geografian, baina lapurtar guztiak ez dira berdin mintzatzen, eskualde batetik bestera aldea dago, badira berrikuntza-eremuak Lapurdi barrenean ere, eta horien eskema aurkezten dut saio honetan. Ikuspegi xehea dakart Lapurdiko berrikuntzez eta erakusten dut zein berrikuntza-eremutakoak diren Lapurdiko hainbat eta hainbat hizkuntza-aldaera berri: batzuk hedadura handikoak dira, baina beste batzuk eskualde ttipiagoan baliatzen dira. Nafar-lapurtarra deitu ohi den euskalkiaren ezaugarrien kronologiaz ere mintzo naiz llabur.
Revisiting Argentine Spanish intonation: Córdoba and San Luis
Authors: Colantoni Laura
Published: January 2025

Pretonic lengthening has been reported as the most salient characteristic of Córdoba Spanish (Lang-Rigal 2014; Lenardón 2017). If the relative duration of the pretonic to the tonic is a cue to stress in Spanish (Ortega & Prieto 2011; Hualde 2015), it is worth exploring what the cues are in a variety in which pretonic syllables are longer than tonic ones. I analyze the production of oxytones, bi- and trisyllabic paroxytones and proparoxytones by six speakers from Córdoba and three from the neighbouring province of San Luis. An analysis of relative duration and intensity, as well as pitch accent types, revealed that pretonic lengthening was more prominent in and near the capital of Córdoba than in the rest of the province but was also attested in San Luis. Consistent with previous studies (Requena et al. 2013; Lang-Rigal 2014), participants from Córdoba showed a tendency to align the f0 peak within the stressed syllable but varied in the alignment of the peak depending on the type of word and the location. Overall results support the existence of a geographical continuum in the use of relative duration of tonic, pretonic and posttonic syllables (Vidal de Battini 1964) and reveal the need of more systematic explorations of the correlate of stress in different word types and across Argentine varieties.
/h̃/ hasperen sudurkarituaren inguruan
Authors: Egurtzegi Ander
Published: January 2025

Lan honetan euskarazko /h̃/ segmentuaren inguruan orain arte aurrera eraman diren hainbat ikerketaren emaitzak biltzen dira, segmentu honen ezaugarri nagusiak aurkeztuz. Alderdi tipologiko orokorretatik hasita, segmentu honen arrarotasuna gogorarazten da, eta baita bi hasperenen arteko sudurkaritasunean oinarritutako oposaketarena. Euskararen barnean izan duen garapena lantzean, Mitxelenak sutsu aldeztu zuen bokal arteko *n > /h̃/ bilakabide zuzena azalpen bezala gailendu dela aipatzen da, eta v. eta viii. mendeen arteko tartean kokatu daitekeela iradoki. Azkenik, alderdi fonetiko eta fonologiko sinkronikoak ekartzen dira: hots honen egitura fonetikoaren deskribapen zehatza eta bere ezaugarri fonologikoen, bere banaketaren, eragindako prozesuen, eta /h/ ahokariarekiko duen oposaketaren berri ematen da, Hualdek ekarritako /h̃/ sudurkarituaren proposamena aldeztuz, /ṼhṼ/ analisiaren aurka.
Osserda o acaso Olerda, posible topónimo en la inscripción de Irulegi
Authors: Gorrochategui Joaquín
Published: January 2025

En esta breve nota se ofrece una interpretación como topónimo del término oTiŕtan de la recién hallada inscripción paleohispánica procedente del castro de Irulegi (Aranguren, Navarra), que se justifica tanto por su estructura léxica como por la identificación de un sufijo de valor locativo. Se discute el valor del signo T, conocido hasta ahora en varias monedas vasconas, y la posibilidad de que corresponda al dígrafo -lt- habitual en la epigrafía ibérica. Se trataría, en definitiva, de un topónimo de origen ibérico con morfología flexiva vascona.
Palatal assibilation before [w]? The case of Armenian, Saka, and Luwian
Authors: Hock Hans Henrich
Published: January 2025

Three branches of Indo-European ­—Luwian, Armenian, and East Iranian (Khotanese) Saka— seem have undergone asssibilation of PIE palatal-prevelar stops before [w], a development contrasting with the general outcome of these stops in Armenian and Saka, and with their apparent outcome before [- front] vocalic segments in Luwian. So far, no principled phonetic or phonological explanations for this behavior have been proposed. I show that the developments in Saka and Armenican can be accounted for in terms of a crosslinguistic tendency for the high-vocalic labiovelar glide w, whether full segment w or nonsegmental offglide w, to assimilate to a following y or front vowel by becoming labiopalatal segmental ɥ or offglide ɥ, which following a common trend is unrounded to y or y and then palatalizes and assibilates the preceding stop. This account is not applicable to Luwian for which a general assimilation of palatal-prevelar before non-low vowels seems the best solution. The similarity between Armenian and Saka on one hand and Luwian on the other, thus, is accidental, and we must conclude that similar outcomes can be produced by very different historical developments.
Akitaniera, Euskara Batu Zaharra eta euskararen biziraupena. Zer gertatu zen “mende ilunetan”?
Authors: Martínez Areta Mikel
Published: January 2025

Mitxelenak (1981) euskalki guztiek abiapuntua v.-vi. mendeetan kokatu beharreko éuscaro batean zutela proposatu zuenetik, oparoa izan da EBZ honen ezaugarriak berreraikitzen jardun duten ekarpenak. Lan honetan, Hualderen (2015: 131) diagrama ezagunetik abiatuz, auzi honen kanpoko aspektuei ekingo zaie. Elementu historikoen eta linguistikoen korrelazioen bidez, EBZa eta MEZa prozesu historikoekiko loturak ezartzeko saio bat egingo da. EBZa eta akitanieraren arteko harremana ere eztabaidatuko da.
Fent un tomb amb aquí (català), ahí (castellà) i hor (basc) pel paradigma
Authors: Pérez Saldanya Manuel
Published: January 2025

En aquest treball s’analitzen els principals canvis que s’han produït en el sistema de demostratius del català i el castellà. L’anàlisi se situa dins el marc de les llengües romàniques i es pren com a base per avaluar algunes de les propostes formulades sobre la reconstrucció dels demostratius en basc. En el treball es presta una especial atenció al canvi cíclic dels sistemes de dixi espacial i, més concretament, a la tendència a convertir els sistemes ternaris en binaris i aquests, de nou, en ternaris.
Burundako euskararen fonologia egitura
Authors: Zuazo Koldo
Published: January 2025

Burunda eskualdea Nafarroako mendebalean dago, Arabaren eta Gipuzkoaren mugan. Hango hizkeran ere ezagun da kokagune horren eragina, baina badira, gainera, bertako bereizgarriak. Hizkera horren fonologia egitura erakutsiko dut, fonologiaren alor horretan hainbeste lan, eta hain ona, egin duen Jose Ignacio Hualde irakaslearen omenez.
"Yru ocaran mardoq Errebalean": Edición y análisis de las coplas de Eibar (1668)
Authors: Zuloaga San Román Eneko , Zulaika Josu M.
Published: January 2025

En el año 1668, la joven Antonia de Zavala cantó en Eibar unas coplas con contenido ofensivo que había compuesto el estudiante eibarrés Antonio de Elzarzaga. Producto de este hecho, se inició en la villa armera un proceso criminal por injurias en el cual diversos testigos refirieron al escribano encargado del pleito hasta cuatro diferentes versiones de dichas coplas, transcribiéndolas este en el legajo, sin traducción, en el euskera en el que habían sido cantadas.
Aunque conocida su existencia desde el año 2009 y pesar de su notable importancia, estas coplas no habían sido estudiadas hasta ahora, muy probablemente por el mal estado del legajo que las contiene. Tratando de vencer esta y otras dificultades, afrontamos en este trabajo la edición crítica de las ziri-koplak eibarresas de 1668, acompañándola del análisis lingüístico del euskera de las mismas y del estudio de su modelo métrico.
Más testimonios sobre xorguinas en la Navarra del siglo XV
Authors: Fernández de Larrea Rojas Jon Andoni
Published: January 2025

Se transcriben dos documentos procedentes del Archivo General de Navarra que testimonian el empleo del vocablo xorguina.
MERCURY FISH CONSUMPTION WITH NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDONESIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Hasudungan Sinaga Davod Boanarges , Afifah Niana Nur , Muniroh Muflihatul
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMercury poisoning is a global health issue that can be found in fish, and it is a source of concern in Indonesia, where fish consumption is on the rise due to small-scale gold mining and steam power plants. A literature review was conducted to see the distribution of mercury issues observed from the nutritional aspect in Indonesia. The literature review study analyzed previous research results using Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed, and Semantic Scholar databases. Keywords were mercury fish consumption, nutrition, Indonesia/konsumsi ikan bermerkuri, gizi, and Indonesia. Three experimental research articles were obtained, which were conducted in Indonesia. The study by Sofia et al. (2016) showed variations in mercury concentrations in seafood and human hair. Exposure to mercury was linked with noticeable symptoms and a decrease in body weight. Reza et al. (2016) found a correlation between the frequency of fish eating and the risk of mercury exposure. Research by Muflihatul Muniroh (2022) showed the exposure to mercury in pregnant women is due to the intake of seafood but had no significant effect on infant birth weight or length. Consumption of mercury-containing seafood affects weight loss and decreases body mass index (BMI). It is hoped that more research will be conducted on the nutritional implications of mercury fish consumption in Indonesia.Keywords: Mercury; fish consumption; nutritional status; Indonesia; heavy metal
REVOLUTIONIZING MASS FOOD PRODUCTION:THE POTENTIAL OF 3D FOOD PRINTING
Authors: Sanyoto Gelbert Jethro , Yudiar Haniel , Ananingsih Victoria Kristina , Nugrahedi Probo Y
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT3D food printing has the potential to revolutionize mass food production by enabling the production of highly customized food products, from simple to complex structures and food products tailored to individual nutritional needs. This review explores various critical aspects of this technology, encompassing integration methods, customization possibilities, prospects, and the challenges it faces. Integration demands multidisciplinary collaboration, with a particular emphasis on optimizing parameters like ingredient and printing techniques to ensure flawless operation. The customization potential spans from tailored nutrition to intricate designs, effectively addressing diverse preferences and specific dietary needs. Advancements in the field hold the promise of improved speed, precision, and material diversity, with the potential to address sustainability issues through the utilization of by-products to further expand their capabilities. However, despite the optimistic outlook, significant challenges persist, including issues related to scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance. Overcoming these hurdles demands substantial investment in research and consumer education to facilitate broader adoption and acceptance. Nonetheless, the transformative potential of 3D food printing remains unquestionable, offering avenues for enhanced efficiency, sustainability, and the creation of entirely novel culinary experiences that align with evolving consumer demands and preferences.Keywords: 3D food printing; mass food production; customization; integration methods
Management of weeds in summer maize (Zea mays L.) by pre and post emergence herbicides
Authors: Yoshitha Sibbala , Sagar Lalichetti , Reddy M. Devender
Published: January 2025

Maize (Zea mays L.) is highly sensitive to weed infestation and management of weeds is the most difficult aspect of summer maize cultivation, leading to significant yield losses of maize fields. The lack of weed management in critical period of growth results in major losses. To address these issues, reducing actively growing weeds at various stages and improving the bio efficacy of herbicides is beneficial. In addition, due to the scarcity of farm labour and rising labour costs during crop growth, this study aims to investigate the impact of chemical weed management, specifically pre and post emergence herbicides, on maize. In this context, a study was conducted with 8 treatments viz., with 2 pre-emergence and 4 post emergence herbicides, as well as hand weeding and a weedy check (control), with each treatment replicated 3 times in randomized block design. The results revealed that weed density and weed dry matter were considerably lower and weed control efficiency was higher, with the application of Atrazine at 1 kg a.i. ha-1 as Pre-emergence (PEA). The highest treatment remained on par with Tembotrione + Atrazine (1:10) at 750 g a.i. ha-1 during 20 and 40 DAS as Post emergence (PoETA) compared to other treatments except for manual weeding (MW). The higher growth, yield attributes and grain yield were obtained with application of Atrazine at 1 kg a.i. ha-1 as Pre-emergence (PEA) application and the highest treatment was comparable with Tembotrione + Atrazine (1:10) at 750 g a.i. ha-1 during 20 and 40 DAS as Post emergence (PoETA) over other treatments. This paper relates to the SDG of UN 1, 2, 4 and 15.
Morpho-anatomy of cape gooseberry flowers (Physalis peruviana L.) at various stages of development
Authors: Utaminingsih  , Nugroho Laurentius Hartanto , Nuringtyas Tri Rini , Maryani
Published: January 2025

As an indigenous remedy for a variety of ailments, cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a member of the Solanaceae family, has historically contributed significantly to health promotion. The metabolites contained in Physalis fruit have been used traditionally by some Chinese communities to treat and prevent various diseases, such as cancer and hepatitis. Research related to the analysis of secondary metabolites in cape gooseberry fruit has been widely conducted, but studies on the morphology and anatomy of flower development, especially in P. peruviana have not been carried out. This study aimed to examine the morphological and anatomical structure of P. peruviana flowers at various stages of development. The procedures included: collection of flower morphology data, preparation of anatomical slides of flowers using the paraffin embedding method and qualitative analysis. The observation results demonstrate that P. peruviana has a complete and perfect flower, which grows as a single axillary type with 5 sepals, attached to each other and is conventionally green with a purple tinge. The corolla is sticky and yellow, with a purple tinge on the neck. The stamen comprises 5 pale yellow anthers and a purple filament. From the bud initiation to anthesis, the development takes 13 days. The anther has 2 lobes or 2 thecae (dithecous) with four microsporangia (tetrasporangiate). The anther wall consists of 4 layers in stages I-V and 2 layers in stages VI and VII. Isobilateral microspores are of the tetrad type. The ovary comprises 2 carpels, while the ovule is anatropus type and has bitegmic structure. This study detailed the reproductive characteristics of P. peruviana and provided a reference framework for subsequent studies by aligning the floral reproductive development perspective to a phenological scope.
Effect of home‐based hot bathing on exercise‐induced adaptations associated with short‐term resistance exercise training in young men
Authors: Takeda Ryosuke , Amaike Tsubasa , Nishikawa Taichi , Watanabe Kohei
Published: January 2025

This study investigated whether home‐based bathing intervention (HBBI) improve muscle strength gain and protect cardiovascular function by short‐term resistance training (RT). Thirty‐one healthy young men measured the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of knee extensor, electrically evoked knee extension torque, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Then, participants were divided into three groups with matching MVC: shower without bathing (control, n = 10), thermoneutral bathing (36°C‐bathing, n = 10), and hot bathing (40°C‐bathing, n = 11), and conducted 2 weeks of HBBI. Following familiarization for HBBI, participants completed 2 weeks of HBBI and acute RT (five sessions of three sets of 10 isometric knee extension at 60% MVC). Baseline neuromuscular and cardiovascular function was assessed again following completion of the 2 weeks of intervention. MVC was non‐significantly increased after the RT period in 40°C‐bathing with large effect size (partial η2 = 0.450). The electrically evoked knee extension torque (10/100‐Hz ratio) was significantly increased after the RT period in control (p = 0.020). MAP did not alter due to bathing intervention and RT (all p > 0.05). HBBI improved muscle strength without RT‐induced alteration of peripheral muscle condition. Shower without bathing reduced muscle strength gain but increased peripheral muscle condition. Short‐term RT does not adversely affect the cardiovascular function, regardless of HBBI.
Laryngealized vowels in Yánesha’: a phonetic description and subsegmental analysis
Authors: Robertson Molinaro Allegra
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the phonetic and phonological status of laryngeals in Yánesha’(Arawakan), showing that they are features associated with vowels, rather than following consonants or free-standing segments. Based on phonetic findings, I propose that [+spread glottis] and [+constricted glottis] are contrastive features associated with the rightmost subsegments of aspirated and glottalized vowels, respectively, within a Q-Theoretic framework. This analysis is supported by distributional and durational patterns and interactions between weight and stress, as quantified in the phonetics description. Yánesha’s laryngealized vowels are subsequently considered in light of areal trends, and an analytical extension to closely related Chamicuro is proposed. This paper contributes to our empirical understanding of a typologically rare segment type in an understudied language.
Crisis and Institutional Collapse in Haiti
Authors: Fatton Robert
Published: January 2025

The assassination of President Jovenel Moise in July 2021 plunged Haiti into accelerated institutional decay. Armed groups took control of 80 percent of the capital city and gained autonomy from the powerful political and private actors that had initially funded and controlled them. The state’s failure to stop the gangsterization of Haitian society reflects the predatory nature of its ruling class. Moreover, neoliberal policies imposed by Western powers have widened the chasm between the privileged elite and the majority trapped in poverty, contributing to a series of cumulative and worsening social and political crises.
Mining, Water Conflicts, and Climate Change in Chile’s Atacama Desert
Authors: Akchurin Maria
Published: January 2025

Global demand for lithium and copper is rising, fueled by the renewable energy transition. Chile is the top producer of copper and the second-largest producer of lithium in the world. It is also recognized as the most water-stressed country in the Americas. Socio-environmental conflicts around water, more visible over the past several decades, are intensifying. While some view water primarily as a productive resource that will enable Chile to keep growing its economy, civil society groups are calling for environmental justice and arguing that local communities also deserve to benefit from the renewable energy transition rather than becoming green sacrifice zones.
The Legacies of the Stroessner Dictatorship in Paraguay
Authors: Nickson Andrew
Published: January 2025

Alfredo Stroessner ruled Paraguay for three and a half decades; his dictatorship has continued to overshadow the country since his ouster in 1989, despite its formal democratization. His Colorado Party has retained firm control over the state through clientelistic practices. Civil society remains weak after being subjected to “preventive repression” under the dictatorship. Corruption is widespread, with senior political figures linked to organized crime; smuggling and drug trafficking are flourishing. Another Stroessner legacy is neighboring Brazil’s dominant position in Paraguay’s economy, especially in the agriculture sector.
Mexico’s Structures of Violence
Authors: Alonso Alexandra Délano
Published: January 2025

Confronted with a plague of criminal violence, the Mexican state has denied responsibility and taken to blaming the victims, claiming that a breakdown in morality is the cause of a ruptured social fabric.
Enhancing MSMEs Business Performance Using Behavioral Intention and Use Social Media Marketing: The Moderating Role of Resistance to Change
Authors: Rihan Hafizni  , Ratni Prima Lita  , Yulia Hendri Yeni  , Syafrizal
Published: January 2025

This study aims to enhancing msmes business performance using behavioral intention and use social media marketing with the moderating role of resistance to change. Social media marketing is a strategic factor in business performance. Behavioral intention and use social media marketing have received special attention in the context of use social media marketing due to its important role in enhancing business performance. This study used a survey method with 300 respondents. For analyzing  the data using Smart-PLS (Partial Least Square) for Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results show that behavioral intention positively affect on use social media marketing and use social media marketing positively affects on employee performance. Furthermore, resistance to change acts as a negatively moderation between the relation behavioral intention on use social media marketing them. This research provides further suggestions on how behavioral intention can improve use social media marketing and enhancing business performance in their working area.