bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maori heads in French museum collections: A recent controversy illuminated by the works of a contemporary Maori artist
Authors: David-Ives Corinne
Published: May 2014

In late 2007, the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Rouen announced its intention to return to New Zealand a Maori head that was part of its South Pacific collection. Just a few weeks before the official ceremony, the Minister of Culture blocked the restitution through a court injunction, arguing that the head must be considered the property of the French State and that such procedures threatened museum collections nationally. This developed into a major controversy, which raised legal issues, as well as provoking debates on museology and ethics. The controversy was resolved in early 2012, with the restitution of twenty such heads through the Quai Branly Museum in Paris, an institution now in partnership with the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington. This article will explore the conflicting visions in France and in New Zealand and the political implications of the controversy. Then it will analyse the impact on the work of George Nuku, a leading New Zealand artist who was commissioned to work on the renovation of the Rouen Oceania Gallery. Nuku, whose creations have been integrated into the permanent collections of museums around the world, has produced a series of works inspired by the Maori heads, and in these works they are used as the basis for rethinking the colonial legacy and challenging politically correct reconciliation politics.
«Las otras» cuidadoras: mujeres inmigrantes en el servicio doméstico y trasvases generizados en el ámbito territorial del bienestar
Authors: Aguilar Idáñez María José
Published: May 2014

La paulatina incorporación de la mujer al mercado laboral y el éxodo rural femenino producen una nueva serie de necesidades socio-familiares relacionadas con el cuidado. Como no se produce el reparto efectivo de tareas en el seno de los hogares, y las políticas públicas necesarias para conciliar la vida familiar y laboral son muy insuficientes, las familias recurren a la externalización del trabajo de cuidado del hogar. Externalización que se produce siempre entre mujeres: abuelas y mujeres extranjeras principalmente. Por su proximidad con los papeles tradicionales de género, el servicio doméstico se configura como una puerta de entrada naturalizada a la inserción laboral de las mujeres inmigrantes y a la regularización de situaciones de ilegalidad. Este sector presenta unas características y circunstancias especialmente propicias a las condiciones de trabajo precarias, de abuso y explotación, por reproducir la posición de subordinación de género históricamente asignada a las mujeres. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de dos investigaciones en Castilla-La Mancha: la primera, centrada en el análisis de las condiciones de empleo y discriminación de las mujeres migrantes que trabajan en el servicio doméstico, y la segunda, referida a la actividad, ocupación, empleo, usos del tiempo, conciliación y reparto de tareas.
Kirchen, Staat und Gesellschaft in Europa
Authors: Hauschild Flavia
Published: May 2014

Großbritannien, Frankreich und Deutschland repräsentieren drei Grundtypen der rechtlichen Ordnung des Staat-Kirche-Verhältnisses in Europa: das staatskirchliche Modell, das Trennungsmodell und das modifizierte Trennungsmodell. Sie haben sich im Kontext unterschiedlicher historischer Konstellationen entwickelt. Die drei Ordnungsmodelle werden in ihren Grundzügen vorgestellt; dazu wird auf interessante regionale Varianten innerhalb der drei Länder hingewiesen.
Activation of membrane-bound proteins and receptor systems: a link between tissue kallikrein and the KLK-related peptidases
Authors: Dong Ying , Harrington Brittney S. , Adams Mark N. , Wortmann Andreas , Stephenson Sally-Anne , Lisle Jessica , Herington Adrian , Hooper John D. , Clements Judith A.
Published: May 2014

The 15 members of the kallikrein-related serine peptidase (KLK) family have diverse tissue-specific expression profiles and roles in a range of cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, differentiation, inflammation and angiogenesis that are required in both normal physiology as well as pathological conditions. These roles require cleavage of a range of substrates, including extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, cytokines as well as other proteinases. In addition, it has been clear since the earliest days of KLK research that cleavage of cell surface substrates is also essential in a range of KLK-mediated cellular processes where these peptidases are essentially acting as agonists and antagonists. In this review we focus on these KLK-regulated cell surface receptor systems including bradykinin receptors, proteinase-activated receptors, as well as the plasminogen activator, ephrins and their receptors, and hepatocyte growth factor/Met receptor systems and other plasma membrane proteins. From this analysis it is clear that in many physiological and pathological settings KLKs have the potential to regulate multiple receptor systems simultaneously; an important issue when these peptidases and substrates are targeted in disease.
Advances in preconcentration/removal of environmentally relevant heavy metal ions from water and wastewater by sorbents based on polyurethane foam
Authors: Teodosiu Carmen , Wenkert Rodica , Tofan Lavinia , Paduraru Carmen
Published: May 2014

An increased interest in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media is encountered due to their toxicity and negative impacts on ecosystems, human health and economic activities. A variety of processes may be used for the removal of heavy metal ions from water and wastewater, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, membrane processes, etc. However, the removal efficiencies of heavy metals by adsorption depend on several factors such as initial loads of heavy metals in the influent, purpose of treatment (drinking/industrial water production, wastewater treatment for disposal or recycling), costs of the overall process, and properties and conditions for regeneration of the sorbent materials. In this context, the use of polyurethane foams as heavy metal ion sorbents is of a special interest because they provide versatile applications in heavy metal effluent management. This study reviews relevant published researches that are concerned with new sorbents based on polyurethane foams applied in batch and dynamic systems for separation and/or preconcentration of heavy metal ions in environmental aqueous media. This review is divided into the following sections: synthesis of polyurethane foams; physical and chemical properties of polyurethane foams; preconcentration of pollutant metal ions from environmental aqueous media by different types of polyurethane foam (untreated, loaded, reacted and composite polyurethane foams); the applicability of sorbents based on polyurethane foams for water and wastewater treatment; comparison of sorbents based on polyurethane foam with other sorbents for heavy metal ion removal.
Big Data and Biomedical Informatics: A Challenging Opportunity
Authors: Bellazzi Riccardo
Published: May 2014

Big data are receiving an increasing attention in biomedicine and healthcare. It is therefore important to understand the reason why big data are assuming a crucial role for the biomedical informatics community. The capability of handling big data is becoming an enabler to carry out unprecedented research studies and to implement new models of healthcare delivery. Therefore, it is first necessary to deeply understand the four elements that constitute big data, namely Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Veracity, and their meaning in practice. Then, it is mandatory to understand where big data are present, and where they can be beneficially collected. There are research fields, such as translational bioinformatics, which need to rely on big data technologies to withstand the shock wave of data that is generated every day. Other areas, ranging from epidemiology to clinical care, can benefit from the exploitation of the large amounts of data that are nowadays available, from personal monitoring to primary care. However, building big data-enabled systems carries on relevant implications in terms of reproducibility of research studies and management of privacy and data access; proper actions should be taken to deal with these issues. An interesting consequence of the big data scenario is the availability of new software, methods, and tools, such as map-reduce, cloud computing, and concept drift machine learning algorithms, which will not only contribute to big data research, but may be beneficial in many biomedical informatics applications. The way forward with the big data opportunity will require properly applied engineering principles to design studies and applications, to avoid preconceptions or over-enthusiasms, to fully exploit the available technologies, and to improve data processing and data management regulations.
The History of the Data Systems AutoChemist® (ACH) and AutoChemist-PRISMA (PRISMA®): from 1964 to 1986
Authors: Ohlsén L. , Jungner I. , Peterson H. E.
Published: May 2014

Objectives: This paper presents the history of data system development steps (1964 – 1986) for the clinical analyzers AutoChemist®, and its successor AutoChemist PRISMA® (PRogrammable Individually Selective Modular Analyzer). The paper also partly recounts the history of development steps of the minicomputer PDP 8 from Digital Equipment. The first PDP 8 had 4 core memory boards of 1 K each and was large as a typical oven baking sheet and about 10 years later, PDP 8 was a “one chip microcomputer” with a 32 K memory chip. The fast developments of PDP 8 come to have a strong influence on the development of the data system for AutoChemist. Five major releases of the software were made during this period (1-5 MIACH).

Results: The most important aims were not only to calculate the results, but also be able to monitor their quality and automatically manage the orders, store the results in digital form for later statistical analysis and distribute the results to the physician in charge of the patient using thesame computer as the analyzer. Another result of the data system was the ability to customize AutoChemist to handle sample identification by using bar codes and the presentation of results to different types of laboratories.

Conclusions:: Digital Equipment launched the PDP 8 just as a new minicomputer was desperately needed. No other known alternatives were available at the time. This was to become a key success factor for AutoChemist. That the AutoChemist with such a high capacity required a computer for data collection was obvious already in the early 1960s. That computer development would be so rapid and that one would be able to accomplish so much with a data system was even suspicious at the time. In total, 75; AutoChemist (31) and PRISMA (44) were delivered Worldwide The last PRISMA was delivered in 1987 to the Veteran Hospital Houston, TX USA
The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology
Authors: Conway Gerard , Dewailly Didier , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Escobar-Morreale Héctor F , Franks Stephen , Gambineri Alessandra , Kelestimur Fahrettin , Macut Djuro , Micic Dragan , Pasquali Renato , Pfeifer Marija , Pignatelli Duarte , Pugeat Michel , Yildiz Bulent O
Published: May 2014

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian disorder associated with androgen excess in women, which justifies the growing interest of endocrinologists. Great efforts have been made in the last 2 decades to define the syndrome. The presence of three different definitions for the diagnosis of PCOS reflects the phenotypic heterogeneity of the syndrome. Major criteria are required for the diagnosis, which in turn identifies different phenotypes according to the combination of different criteria. In addition, the relevant impact of metabolic issues, specifically insulin resistance and obesity, on the pathogenesis of PCOS, and the susceptibility to develop earlier than expected glucose intolerance states, including type 2 diabetes, has supported the notion that these aspects should be considered when defining the PCOS phenotype and planning potential therapeutic strategies in an affected subject. This paper offers a critical endocrine and European perspective on the debate on the definition of PCOS and summarises all major aspects related to aetiological factors, including early life events, potentially involved in the development of the disorder. Diagnostic tools of PCOS are also discussed, with emphasis on the laboratory evaluation of androgens and other potential biomarkers of ovarian and metabolic dysfunctions. We have also paid specific attention to the role of obesity, sleep disorders and neuropsychological aspects of PCOS and on the relevant pathogenetic aspects of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, we have discussed how to target treatment choices based according to the phenotype and individual patient's needs. Finally, we have suggested potential areas of translational and clinical research for the future with specific emphasis on hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS.
Transcriptional analysis of endocrine disruption using zebrafish and massively parallel sequencing
Authors: Baker Michael E , Hardiman Gary
Published: May 2014

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including plasticizers, pesticides, detergents, and pharmaceuticals, affect a variety of hormone-regulated physiological pathways in humans and wildlife. Many EDCs are lipophilic molecules and bind to hydrophobic pockets in steroid receptors, such as the estrogen receptor and androgen receptor, which are important in vertebrate reproduction and development. Indeed, health effects attributed to EDCs include reproductive dysfunction (e.g. reduced fertility, reproductive tract abnormalities, and skewed male:female sex ratios in fish), early puberty, various cancers, and obesity. A major concern is the effects of exposure to low concentrations of endocrine disruptorsin uteroandpost partum, which may increase the incidence of cancer and diabetes in adults. EDCs affect transcription of hundreds and even thousands of genes, which has created the need for new tools to monitor the global effects of EDCs. The emergence of massive parallel sequencing for investigating gene transcription provides a sensitive tool for monitoring the effects of EDCs on humans and other vertebrates, as well as elucidating the mechanism of action of EDCs. Zebrafish conserve many developmental pathways found in humans, which makes zebrafish a valuable model system for studying EDCs, especially on early organ development because their embryos are translucent. In this article, we review recent advances in massive parallel sequencing approaches with a focus on zebrafish. We make the case that zebrafish exposed to EDCs at different stages of development can provide important insights on EDC effects on human health.
Influence of cytokines on Dmt1 iron transporter and ferritin expression in insulin-secreting cells
Authors: Lortz S , Schröter S , Stückemann V , Mehmeti I , Lenzen S
Published: May 2014

Free intracellular ferrous iron (Fe2+) is essential for the generation of the extremely toxic hydroxyl radicals, which contribute to β-cell destruction by cytokines. Therefore the expression of the different divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) isoforms and ferritin (Ft) subunits, responsible for iron import and chelation, was analyzed under pro-inflammatory conditions (IL1β alone or together with TNFα+IFNγ). The Dmt1 isoforms (1A/1B and +IRE/−IRE) and the totalDmt1expression in insulin-producing cells (RINm5F and INS-1E), in primary rat islets and, for comparison, in the neuroendocrine PC12 cell line were quantified by qRT-PCR. In addition, the expression of the light (L-Ft) and heavyFt(H-Ft) subunits and the mitochondrialFtisoform (Mtft) in insulin-producing cells under control conditions and after cytokine treatment was estimated. The 1B isoform was the predominantDmt1mRNA in all insulin-producing cells, accounting for almost 100% of the 1A/1B isoform expression. For the IRE variants, +IRE expression was higher than −IRE expression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines accelerated the expression ofDmt1isoforms significantly with an overall 2.5- to 3-fold increase in the totalDmt1expression. In contrast, the expression of the iron-buffering ferritin subunits L- and H-Ftwas unaffected by IL1β and only slightly induced by the cytokine mixture.Mtftexpression was also not increased.Dmt1expression was significantly elevated through pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereasFtexpression was marginally increased. This imbalance between the increased iron transport capacity and the almost unaffected iron storage capacity can foster cytokine-mediated formation of hydroxyl radicals and thus pro-inflammatory cytokine toxicity through elevated free iron concentrations.
The fragility of the Palestinian Authority: Economic causes
Authors: Saleh Basel
Published: May 2014

The article examines the evolution of the Palestinian Authority as a paradigmatic case of state evolution from stable political regime to fragile and failing entity. By focusing on the performance of the Palestinian economy following the 1993/94 peace agreements, the study analyzes the forces that caused the fragility of the Palestinian Authority. These are: (1) Israel's chaotic closure policy; (2) the structural weaknesses in the Palestinian fiscal budget; and (3) the economic and trade sanctions imposed in 2000 and 2006. The article identifies some of the major obstacles that need to be overcome in any future peace agreement in order for the Palestinian Authority to be an effective entity that can promote economic progress, democracy, and ultimately be capable of enforcing peaceful coexistence with its neighbors.
Poverty and terrorism
Authors: Mitra Siddharta
Published: May 2014

On the basis of analytical reasoning and buttressed by case studies from Latin America and Northeastern India one can conclude that poverty can and does generate terrorist activity. But poverty alone is not a sufficient factor to generate terrorism. Other necessary and facilitating factors are needed, and terrorist activity will last only if perpetuating factors are present. If terrorism that owes its genesis to poverty has to be eliminated, it is necessary to alleviate poverty itself as its favorable companion factors, being cultural, geographical, or accidental in nature, are not suitable for policy manipulation.
Palestine - an economy in conflict: An introduction to the symposium
Authors: Perlo-Freeman Sam
Published: May 2014

This brief article introduces a symposium on the Palestinian economy.
United Nations peacekeeping: Limitations and prospects
Authors: Sheehan Nadege
Published: May 2014

While the demand for U.N. peacekeeping operations increases, the production of these operations remains problematic. The inherent characteristics of peacekeeping make it difficult to efficiently produce U.N. peace missions. Importantly, a country's participation in a U.N. peacekeeping operation is based on its national interests for that mission. The system of discretionary contributions of national armies currently used by the United Nations, as well as the structure of the U.N. peacekeeping scale of assessment, may be favorable to developing countries. However, they do not help increase contributions. Under such systems, a nation's participation in a mission depends largely on cost/benefit calculations. This article explains that instead of fighting the free-riding problem, one might seek to more deliberately pursue and implement a system whereby nations concentrate their contributing efforts to missions in which they do have national interests. To that effect, the article presents and briefly assesses relevant suggestions made by various scholars on potential structures that would best produce U.N. peacekeeping.
Nurcholish Madjid: Memadukan Kesalehan dan Politik
Authors: Thaha Idris
Published: May 2014

Ann Kull, Piety and Politics: Nurcholish Madjid and His Interpretation of Islam in Modern Indonesia, Sweden: Lund University, 2005, xiv + 300 pp.This book is based on the dissertation of the author, Ann Kull, at the Department of History and Anthropology of Religion, Lund University, Sweden in November 2005. This book is one of a number of works that provide a thorough analysis of the thinking of one of Indonesia's foremost intellectuals Nurcholish Madjid (d. 2005) on matters concerning piety and politics. Kull's work, it could be said, is a reference work on Nurcholish's teachings.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i2.592
Improving Teaching Standards at Islamic Schools
Authors: Syafruddin Didin
Published: May 2014

The main purpose of this research project is to examine the implementation of Islamic Primary Teacher Education (IPTE) programs in Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia (i.e. UIN/IAIN/STAIN). More specifically this study seeks to look more closely at such issues as poLicy development of IPTE; Orientation of academic and institutional development of IPTE UIN, IAIN, and STAIN; academic standards, the student selection system for IPTE (including the number of student enrollments and admissions), the gender ratio (of both students and teachers), and the educational and socio-economic background of the students' parents; levels of satisfaction amongst teachers.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i3.587
Communism Debated Again: The Muslim Response to the Idea of Revoking the 1966 anti-Communism in Post-Soeharto Indonesia
Authors: Suhelmi Ahmad
Published: May 2014

This article analyses the responses of the Muslim political elite to President Abdurrahman Wahid's proposal of revoking MPRS Decree No. XXV/1966, which sought to stifle the spread of Communism and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). The proposal provoked controversy which divided the Muslim political elite into two groups; those who supported the President's proposal and those who opposed it.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i1.574
Al-Lughah al-‘Arabīyah fī Indūnīsīyā: Dirasah Taḥlilīyah ‘an Taṭawwurātihā wa Mushkilāt Ta’līmihā
Authors: Muhaiban Muhaiban
Published: May 2014

Arabic teaching in Indonesia started when Islam was introduced to this country in the 7th-8th Century. At that time Arabic was given merely for religious teachings and to teach student to read the HoIy Qur'an, say prayers, and read and understand religious books also known as "the yellow books". Those kinds of teachings were conducted in mosques, Moslem home, and religious schools. During the long period in history, Arabic teaching promoted the Arabic language into an important position in the cultural expressions of various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Arabic script was once also more prominent than the Latin alphabet in the written tradition in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i1.577
Al-Dirāsah fī Ta’addudīyah al-Mujtama’ al-Banjārī wa al-Ta’līm al-Ṣūfīyah li al-Shaykh Muḥammad Nafis al-Banjārī
Authors: Hasbi Artani
Published: May 2014

The book begins by looking at the development of democracy in Islamic countries in both the Arab and non-Arab world. One global trend that has become evident following the Cold War, as Azra points out, has been the gradual increase in the numbers of countries that have adopted democracy. This phenomenon is not exclusive to Muslim countries. In this study, Azra cites the report, Freedom in the World 2000: The Democracy Cap, which explains the growth of democracy in lslamic countries in the Arab world where the impact has been quite clear.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i1.578
Dawr al-Sulṭān Zayn al-‘Ābidīn fī Nashr al-Islām fī Sulṭānah al-Tarnātī fī al-Qarn al-Rābī’ ‘Ashr al-Mīlādīyah
Authors: Marasabessy Bunyamin
Published: May 2014

This article looks closely at the process of the growth and development of Islam in Malaku, focusing on the role of one of the rulers of Tarnate, Sultan Zainal Abidin, in this process. As the oldest son of the previous ruler, Kolano Marhum, Zainal Abidin was the logical choice to become the 19th Sultan of the Ternate Kingdom; this was bolstered by the fact that he inherited all of his father's good character traits. Zainal Abidin ruled the Kingdom of Ternate from 1468 until1500. The northern area of Maluku (Ternate-Halamahera) is a region which is rich in spices. It was this that brought merchants on masse from the Middle East to Maluku. Further to their business activities, the Arab merchants also carried out dakwah activities.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i3.562
Partai Keadilan Sejahtera: A Mawdudian-Meliorist Vision of Islamism in Post-New Order Indonesia
Authors: Hilmy Masdar
Published: May 2014

This article seeks to analyze how one group, that is, the Justice and Welfare Party (PKS), is attempting to clean up politics from within the political party system. This article argues that the existence of PKS has given a new but unique political nuance to the political party system in post-New Order Indonesia. The seemingly sudden rise of PKS has taken many by surprise, and it is for this that the party has become the topic of much discourse amongst scholars of Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i1.555
Komite Persiapan Penegakan Syariat Islam: A South Sulawesi Formalist Islamic Movement
Authors: Juhanis Hamdan
Published: May 2014

This article has examined the dynamics of the formation of KPPSI, its emergence and the character of its supporters. It can be concluded that the legacy of DI is clearly observable in the former DI followers - who supported the establishment of the movement. Aziz Kahar Muzakkar is the son of Kahar Muzakkar. However, the DI factor cannot wholly explain the emergence of KPPSI. This discussion has shown that there were many other Islamists in KPPSI who had no DI ties. This attests to the continuing influence of Islamic modernism, including the role of Muhammadiyah educational training in the radicalization of Islamism in the region. Furthermore, young Islamists have begun to be shaped by broader Islamist movements due to their access to global Islam. To some extent, KPPSI also attracted young activists with attitudes of intolerance to others.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i1.557
Change and Continuity: The Kompilasi and Indonesian Islamic Courts'
Authors: Nurlaelawati Euis
Published: May 2014

This paper takes a closer look at judicial practices and judgments in the Indonesian Islamic courts since the introduction of Kompilasi (full title: Kompilasi Hukum Indonesia, KHI). The Kompilasi covers Islamic legal rules, particularly family law, derived from various fiqh texts. The Kompilasi is divided into three books. Book One addresses marriage and divorce law. Book Two covers inheritance. Book Three is about endowment (waqf) . The material is subdivided by topic into books, chapters, and articles, beginning with a chapter addressing general provisions, followed by chapters treating specific subject areas in each book.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i1.559
Mengkaji Ulang Nisan Kuno Nusantara: Nisan Leran Berangkan Tahun 475 H/1082 M dan Nisan-nisan Terkait
Authors: Kalus Ludvik , Guillot Claude
Published: May 2014

This article presents a review of studies and theories regarding gravestones in Leran (near Surabaya), East Java. The gravestones in question are of significance because they contain old Islamic (Arabic) inscriptions, and for that reason have been regarded so far a representing the strongest and oldest evidence of the arrival of lslam in Southeast Asia in the eleventh century. Written on one gravestone are the words 'Bint Maymun bin Hibat Allah' who passed away in the year 475 A.H/1082 C.E. For historians, the date found on this gravestone helps determine the time at which Islam came to Indonesia, and this is indeed an extremely important information as the Leran inscription is the oldest Islamic inscription ever found in Indonesia, while the second oldest one in Java is the tombstone of Malik lbrahim, in the town of Gresik, dated 822 H / 1419 EC. Leran is located only a few kilometers away from Gresik.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i1.570
Religion, Politics, and Violence in Indonesia Learning from Banser's Experience
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: May 2014

Banser's history reflects an attempt by religiously minded people, namely the so-called traditionalist NU leaders, to use violence to serve their political interests. Two assumptions about the connection between violence, politics and religion are: (1) that violence is necessary to achieve political ends; and (2) that violence is religiously controllable. When they finally agreed to establish Banser during the colonial era, NU leaders generally accepted these two assumptions and acted accordingly because they were, along with other parts of Indonesian society, struggling to win independence. While independence was indeed won, the same assumptions remain. This is because the state's security apparatus is unable or unwilling to monopolize the use of violence, hence providing paramilitary organizations like Banser with the opportunity to operate.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i3.524
Youth and Pop Culture in Indonesian Islam
Authors: Saluz Claudia Nef
Published: May 2014

This article presents a picture of Indonesian pop culture which I believe transmits both a sense of complexity and of the detailed interrelations among its forms. As it has been shown, each element in the kaleidoscope has its own distinctive characteristics, styles and manners. In the different ways Islam is contemporarily expressed and lived, a hybridization process is reflected that shows the challenges Indonesian Muslims face in integrating, rejecting or adapting glob- al influences from the western world as well as from the Islamic Middle Eastern countries. The example of the trendy veil shows how these global influences are integrated in locality and how locality is assimilated with global trends.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i2.481
New Trend of Islamic Education in Indonesia
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: May 2014

The concept of modern pesantren introduced by Imam Zarkasyi has become a blueprint and genre for the development of the next modern pesantren. Zarkasyi's students who are now spreading all over Archipelago establish a number of similar pesantren pioneered by the kyai. During the period of 1970-80s, a couple of Gontor alumni established pesantrens in their own region. In Banten, PesantrenDaar El-Qalam was established in Gintung Balaraja; in MaduraPesantren Al-Amin was established in Prenduan Sumenep in Central Java Pesantren Pabelan was established in Pabelan; Pesantren Modern Assalaam was established in Solo; and many others. Those pesantrens are frequently called pesantren alumni (meaning the alumni of Gontor), the second generation which have influenced the model of other modern pesantren in their later development.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i2.482
Access and Equity in Family Law and Civil Status Issue for the General Courts of Indonesia
Authors: UIN Jakarta Tim PPIM
Published: May 2014

The subject area of the access and equity study in the General Courts will focus on family issues (divorce, child guardianship) and civil status issues (e.g. provision of letters to the Civil Registry authorizing the issuing of birth certificates in certain cases). The research may include the area of inheritance by disregarding the criminal issues filed at the courts.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i2.487
Marsūm al-Dawlah al-Indūnīsīyā fī Siyāq al-‘Alāqāt bayn al-Fi’āt al-Dīnīyah
Authors: Subhan Arief
Published: May 2014

This article discusses state regulations related to religious defamation and religious freedom, which are indeed controversial. Some people understand them as part of a larger e?ort to create harmonious and peaceful religious life, while others comprehend them as intervention and a violation of the freedom of religion. The latter groups proposed a judicial review to Law No 1/PNPS/1965. Although the Constitutional Court of Indonesia rejected it, at least it explicates the di?erences in society's views on how far the state is authorized to regulate religious life. The Indonesian Constitution formally acknowledges that freedom of religion is an integral part of civic live.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i3.477
Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée
Authors: Fogg Kevin W.
Published: May 2014

Book Review : (Eric Tagliacozzo, ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, working with NUS Press in Singapore, 2009). Viii + 392 pages.This book has brought together scholars from around the world to begin to fill this gaping hole. Especially with regards to the influence of the Middle East on Southeast Asian (Muslim) society, the various articles add significantly to our understanding. The book also aspires to go beyond a limited, brief, local perspective by bringing together essays from over a millennium of inter-regional connections. The appendage of longue durée to the subtitle, invocative of the Annales school of structural history emerging out of France several decades ago, indicates a focus to broader trends and forces at work shaping the relationship. The immediate e?ect of this longue durée framework is seen, though, in the broad range of time periods addressed in the volume, beginning with the dawn of Islam and running through the present.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i3.478
Praxis and Religious Authority in Islam: The Case of Ahmad Dahlan, Founder of Muhammadiyah
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of praxis in the formation of religious authority. Although not fully acknowledged in Islam, the separation of religious from non-religious domains has become sharper and more clearly discernable in modern society. Accordingly, it is relevant to ask how praxis in the politico-economic and socio-cultural domains is evaluated in Islamic terms and what roles it plays in accessing religious legitimacy and leadership. The focus of this study is on Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of an Islamic mass-organization in Indonesia, the Muhammadiyah. Examination of his background reveals that he was not equipped with the traditional sources of authority.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i1.468
The Elitist Premises of Snouck Hurgronje's Association Fantasy
Authors: Dijk Kees van
Published: May 2014

Thee results of Snouck Hurgronje's initial experiment are now public knowledge. Achmad Djajadiningrat (1877-1943) was appointed Regent of Serang in 1901. He was 'elevated to this position after having enjoyed a thoroughly European upbringing,' Snouck Hurgronje lost no opportunity in writing to Van Heutsz in October 1905 (SH to VH 27-10-1905, Gobee and Adriaanse 1957-1965:538). In 1924 he became Regent of Batavia and, at the end of 1929, a Member of the Council of the Indies. On the recommendation of Snouck Hurgronje, Hoesein Djajadiningrat would go on to study Oriental languages in Leiden in 1905. In 1913 he became the firrst Indonesian to defend a PhD thesis (Djajadiningrat 1913). He passed with credit. In 1920 he was appointed Adjunct Advisor of Native A?airs. In 1924 he became a professor at the Law School in Batavia, and from 1935 to 1939 he was a Member of the Council of the Indies.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i3.453
Is Indonesian Islam Different? Islam in Indonesia in a Comparative International Perspective
Authors: Testriono Testriono
Published: May 2014

Center for the Study of Islam and Society (Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat, PPIM) of the State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in cooperation with Leiden University, the Netherlands, the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands), and the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Indonesia, held an international conference called: ‘Is Indonesian Islam Different? Islam in Indonesia in a Comparative International Perspective’ on January 24-26, 2011 in Bogor, West Java.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i1.445
Yusman Roy and the Language of Devotion– ‘Innovation’ in Indonesian Islam on Trial
Authors: Fenwick Stewart
Published: May 2014

Artikel ini mengkaji bukti di pengadilan tentang isu kritis seputar shalat dwi-bahasa dan cara pengadilan merespons perbedaan-perbedaan dari kesaksian ahli. Pengadilan pada akhirnya tidak mendukung tuntutan penodaan agama, tapi keputusannya menunjukkan peran penting yang dimainkan oleh pengadilan dalam menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan seputar agama. Artikel ini memperlihatkan bawah pengadilan tersebut pada akhirnya adalah sebuah pertarungan antara kelompok Islam konservatif dan Islam liberal, sebuah perdebatan yang tampil di arena publik secara lebih luas selama beberapa tahun.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i3.427
Taqālīd “Ḥarb” Topat: Ramz al-‘Alāqah al-Silmīyah bayn al-Jamā‘āt al-Mukhtalifah ‘Ariqīyā wa-Dīnīyā fī Jazīrat Lombok
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto
Published: May 2014

This article discusses about perang topat tradition in West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Perang topat is one of the annual ceremonies attended by thousands of people of the two different ethnic and religious communities: the Hindu Balinese and the Muslim Sasak. The location of performing this tradition is concentrated in a sanctum (Hindus called it Pura Lingsar and Muslim named it Taman Lingsar) which is located near to Selaparang airport, Mataram. Pura Lingsar is built by the King Anak Agung Gede Ngurah of Karang Asem, Bali. Pura Lingsar is a Hindus' house of worship which, aside from a place of worship, it also has a building named kemalik that is considered as a sacred place by Sasak people.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i3.428
Memahami Spektrum Islam di Jawa
Authors: Sila Muhammad Adlin
Published: May 2014

Book Review: Timothy Daniels, Islamic Spectrum in Java, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2009. Ashgate e-book.Islam in Java has been a dominant theme within Indonesia's Islamic studies. For decades, the study on Islam in Java has indebted to the influential work of Clifford Geertz's The Religion of Java (1960). The work has become main reference for scholars and students interested in studying Islam in Java. Despite of many criticisms that have been addressed to Geertz's work, the typologies of socio-religious of Javanese Muslim-santri-priyayi-abangan-that was introduced by Geertz has stimulated other recent works on Javanese Islam. One of Geertz's celebrated argument is that Javanese Islam is syncretic. Mark Woodward (1989), another American anthropologist, concluding conversely, arguing that Javanese Islam is not syncretic but, it is a sufi Islam. In line with Woodward, Andrew Beatty (1999) added that those Javanese who involve in the traditional slametan ceremony participated in the ceremony because of the presence of brotherhood, not because of the similarity of their religious affiliation. The recent work of Timothy Daniels', the Islamic Spectrum in Java (2009) examines the variant of Javanese Islam much further.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i3.430
Islam and Modern School Education in Journal Pengasuh: Review of the Kaum Muda - Kaum Tua Dichotomy
Authors: Kushimoto Hiroko
Published: May 2014

This study analyzes the articles on education that appeared in a journal titled Pengasuh to discover the ideas on education in early 20th century Malaya. It explores the thinking on education that motivated Islamic leaders to establish modern religious schools called madrasah. The example of the Pengasuh shows that new ideas of Islamic learning that supported the spread of new madrasah had been shared regardless kaum muda – kaum tua dichotomy, contrary to the assumption of previous studies. The main difference between the kaum muda and their opponent kaum tua is their attitude toward knowledge accumulated in the schools of Islamic law. The discussions in the Pengasuh shows strong support for the development of modern Islamic education, without denigrating the old style of Islamic learning.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i2.361
Ikhtilāf al-Ṭabī‘ah al-‘Ilmīyah al-Islāmīyah bayna Manāṭiq al-Sāḥil al-Shimālī wa al-Manāṭiq al-Dākhilīyah li Jāwah al-Wusṭá fi al-Qarn 15-17 al-Mīlādī
Authors: Ismawati Ismawati
Published: May 2014

The propagators of Islam in the north coast of Central Java in the 15th - the 17th centuries have successfully demonstrated legalistic character of the Islamic knowledge. However, the influence of Shaykh Siti Jenar’s teachings and the Hinduism that deeply rooted among the Javanese as well as the slowly spread of Islamic knowledge in the rural Central Java have contributed to the inequalities of Islamic understanding. Therefore, the Islamic knowledge in this area becomes more syncretistic and heterodox or it is known as kejawen. With the increase of Muslims in the archipelago who study Islam to the center of Islam in Mecca, Madina, and Egypt, the universal Islam is more understood and disseminated in the translation works of the scholars. This further reduces the local character of Java contained in kejawen teachings and in contrary strengthens the orthodox Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i2.364
Makhṭūṭat Butuhaning Manusya Mungguhing Sarak: Mi‘yārīyat al-Islām fī al-Manāṭiq al-Dākhilīyah bi Jawa
Authors: Iswanto Agus
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the manuscript of Butuhaning Manusya Mungguhing Sarak as an evidence of the acceptance of Islamic texts in the cultural context of inland Java, particularly in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, which is often considered to be more concerned with the mystical or hakikat aspects of Islam. Its analysis focuses on the way of Javanese receive the orthodox Islamic texts in the cultural context of Java and the functions of the texts in the religious life of Javanese. The existence of the Kitab Butuhaning in Yogyakarta asserts that sharī‘ah aspects have been accepted among the people in countryside Java. It also confirms that Islam in Yogyakarta seeks to balance the sharī‘ah and mystical aspects. This article argues that translations or adaptations of Arabic Islamic texts into Javanese culture and language become one of the Islamization routes in Java.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i2.365
Indonesia’s Democratic Venture: History, Practice and the Challenge Ahead
Authors: Effendy Bahtiar , Pertiwi Mutiara
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the democratic transition in Indonesia since 1998 until the end of the brief leadership of President Habibie, including previous analysis of the history and practice of democracy in Indonesia since 1945. The transfer of power from Soeharto to Habibie happened on May 21, 1998. In the 18 months of his leadership, Habibie was able to carry out important efforts in setting a foundation for democratic transition. Public freedom, freedom of the press, freedom of expression, and free speech were among Habibie’s achievements in opening the way for the process of democratization to continue. In the midst of the threat of the country’s collapse during that transition period, Habibie was relatively well able to defend the integrity of the Indonesian nation-state. His successors gained advantage from what had been put in place by Habibie. However, they have faced a number of problems, such as the procedural biases within democratic practice, incompatibility of presidential governance with the presence of many political parties, and gaps between the structure and function of high state institutions.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i3.356
Al-Siyāsah al-Qanūnīyah li Ḥizb al-‘Adālah wa al-Rafāhīyah (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera/PKS) fi al-Fatrah 1998-2004 al-Mīlādī: Dirāsah li Qaḍīyat Qānūn Idārat al-Zakāh
Authors: Marzuki Ismail
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the politics of Islamic law of Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperity and Justice Party, PKS) 1998–2004 by analyzing the formulation of Law No. 38/ 1999 on Zakat Management, and Law No. 23/2011 on Zakat Management. It shows that there has been a shifting ideological expression in the evolution of the PKS that began to appear when this party morphed from Partai Keadilan (Justice Party) to PKS in 2002 because it had failed to pass the parliamentary threshold for the 1999 election, and had a practical political agenda for obtaining an increase of electoral votes. The ideological shift, among others, is shown through the process of the formulation of the Zakat Management Law which was influenced by several motives, among others ideological and practical political interests. PKS’s politics on Islamic law show that if its ideological interests contradict with its practical political interests, then the party opts for practical political interests.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i3.357
Memahami Pribumisasi Islam Melalui Kitab Seribu Masalah
Authors: Fathurahman Oman
Published: May 2014

Book Review: Ronit Ricci, Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, xxii + 316 halaman, 2011.For the time when Islam spread, was adopted and also translated into a variety of traditions and cultures, a comparative studies model such as the one done by Ronit Ricci in Islam Translated has became a very important contribution. The long history of Islamization and conversion has given birth to many Islamic civilizations, including in Southeast Asia. A monolithic view or endless debate related to the origin of sources for the coming of Islam to this region, or the central–periphery perspective that dichotomizes Islam at Mecca and Medina as the ‘original’ and Islam in other places as ‘not pure’, has become not relevant anymore. For understanding the phenomena of Islam in Southeast Asia, the author of this book provides discourse on the processes of communication, contacts, networks, diasporas, interaction and transmission that happened in Muslim circles through a variety of different texts in Kitab Seribu Masalah.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i3.359
The Missing Minister of Religion and the PSII: A Contextual Biography of K.H. Ahmad Azhary
Authors: Fogg Kevin W.
Published: May 2014

This article provides a contextual biography of K.H. Ahmad Azhary, who was appointed as the Minister of Religion in the first Amir Sjarifuddin cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia in 1947. The life of this man provides insight into Islamic activity in South Sumatra and its connections with the Middle East, as well as with the rest of Indonesia. Most importantly, the examination of Azhary’s appointment to the Indonesian cabinet — to a position that he was never able to hold — shines light onto the circumstances of the exit of Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia (PSII, Indonesian Islamic Union Party) from Masjumi. Contradictory evidence about the reasons for the exit as presented in PSII and Masjumi sources are evaluated in light of Azhary’s appointment and inability to join the cabinet. The article finds that PSII’s rhetoric about initiative from the provinces to split from Masjumi was probably based on truth.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i1.348
A Textual Approach to Understanding Nusantara Muslims
Authors: Fathurahman Oman
Published: May 2014

The Islamic Manuscripts Unit (ILMU) at Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM, Center for the Study of Islam and Society) at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN, State Islamic University) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, in co-operation with the Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusantara (Manassa, Indonesian Association for Nusantara Manuscripts), held a short course program on the methodology of philological research with the topic ‘Accumulating Various Perspectives: A Textual Approach to Understanding Nusantara Muslims’. This program, funded by the Directorate of Islamic Higher Education at the Ministry of Religious Affairs, took place from July–September 2012 at UIN Jakarta.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i1.353
Southeast Asian Sharī‘ahs
Authors: Hooker M.B.
Published: May 2014

The Southeast Asian materials show that the sharī‘ah’s providing various pathways (through time and place) for individual Muslims to follow when doing their duty to God, which is fidelity to Revealed Truth. There are many paths and it is pointless to insist upon an historical ‘purist’ mono-legacy, however attractive this might appear theoretically. The realities of life (economics, social structure, alternative philosophies, and so on) dictate otherwise. Local sharī‘ahs adapt realities to Revelation irrespective of whether sources of legislation or forms of government are Muslim or non-Muslim this was never an issue in Southeast Asia. The localized sharī‘ahs were achieved via an acceptance of legal pluralism and hybridization of laws. The result is that Revealed obligations are phrased in local terms, change over time is allowed for, and the end result is a truly original and unique set of ‘Southeast Asian’ sharī‘ahs.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i2.387