bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the sociology of sport: On world inequalities and unequal development
Authors: Földesi Gyöngyi S
Published: May 2015

On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, a key foundational scholar to the development of the sociology of sport in Eastern Europe and the internationalization of the ISSA, Gyongyi Foldesi, considers the development of the sociology of sport in Eastern Europe. Foldesi considers the struggles of the sub-discipline in this setting, noting in particular distinctions in development from “sport sociology” to “sociology of sport” as studies increasingly embraced the “sociological imagination”. The essay notes three challenges for the sociology of sport: (1) questions over the value of multidisciplinarity; (2) ongoing debates over the definition of sport; and (3) how non-English speaking scholars can have a meaningful voice in the sociology of sport. The essay closes with a look to the future for sociology of sport in Eastern Europe, noting reasons for optimism given theoretical developments and more engagement with scholarship across the world.
Assessing the sociology of sport: On age and ability
Authors: Pike Elizabeth CJ
Published: May 2015

On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, a leading scholar on ageing, sport and physical activity, ISSA President Elizabeth Pike, considers the increasing numbers of “Third Age Societies” and the trajectory, challenges and future directions of sociological research on sport, age and ability. Noting longstanding interest in sport and ageing dating back to the late 1800s, the trajectory of research in this area has accelerated with both longer life spans and evidence of a more “heroic” model of the possibilities of ageing. A continuing challenge for sociologists of sport is to critique dominant perceptions of ageing that suggest many activities are inappropriate for the ageing body. Future inquiry in the area of sport, age and ability needs to expand in coming years in recognition that people over 60 constitute the fastest growing segment of the population in many societies and many received conceptions about the roles and possibilities for physical activity and sport need more careful interrogation in companion with more nuanced understandings of both the populations and processes.
Silence in Court: From Common Sense to Common Law: Azzopardi
Authors: Leng Roger
Published: May 2015

The decision of the High Court of Australia in Azzopardi re-asserts the role of the common law in determining what inferences may be drawn from silence in court. It is argued that the current approach of UK courts to this issue breaches the right to a fair trial under the ECHR and that the Australian decision provides a guide to the development of the law in the UK and elsewhere.
The collateral evidence rule
Authors: Keane Adrian
Published: May 2015

The collateral evidence rule restricts the admissibility of evidence that undermines the credit of witnesses. Given the obvious importance of such evidence to accurate fact-determination, it is remarkable that the rule has been subject to so little academic scrutiny. This article, a critical analysis of the rule, argues for its abolition. In doing so, regard is had to other rules that impinge on its ambit and to the way in which it has been applied and modified in a number of jurisdictions.
Victim—Offender Mediation and the Gatekeeping Role of Police
Authors: Prenzler Tim , Hayes Hennessey
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on implications for the management of police discretion arising from a Victim—Offender pilot project in Queensland, Australia. The pilot was conducted with juvenile offenders and was highly successful on a range of key outcomes related to restorative justice. However, the project suffered from very low referrals from police, and there were no referrals from the courts, partly because of magistrates' deference to police decisions. As a consequence, many crime victims and young offenders and their caregivers had no opportunity to benefit from reparation. On this basis, a recommendation was made to curtail police discretion severely by building into the case disposition process mandatory consultation regarding mediation with all victims and offenders. This posed a direct challenge to the traditional wide discretionary powers held by police in their gatekeeping role.

This research was commissioned by the Queensland Department of Justice. The views expressed are those of the authors, not necessarily those of the Department.
Detecting Deception in Criminal Investigations: A Possible New Method
Authors: Miller Edgar
Published: May 2015

Lying or deliberate deception is a problem that can arise in criminal investigations. Research suggests that professional judgment is a far from reliable way of determining who is dissimulating. Special procedures have been developed, such as the polygraph and statement reliability analysis, but these have proved to be less than wholly accurate and typically produce an appreciable level of false positives. This paper explores how a method for the detection of malingering in clinical contexts, which can deliver highly reliable outcomes, might usefully be adapted for use with witnesses and suspects in criminal investigations.
Making Difficult Science Fun: An Interview with Professor Elizabeth F. Loftus
Authors: McKenzie Ian
Published: May 2015

In 1983, students at the University of Houston, Texas, were asked to list the names of eminent scientists they would like to have as guest lecturers at the University. They overwhelmingly chose Elizabeth F. Loftus; in second place was B. F. Skinner (Neimark, 1996). In July 1998, before an audience of close to 100 graduating psychology students, more than 150 police studies students and hundreds of guests, Elizabeth (Beth) Loftus was awarded by the University of Portsmouth the degree of Doctor of Science, in honoris causa. Her presence in Portsmouth to receive the honour provided the opportunity to ask her about significant events in her life and examine the underpinnings of her intellectual commitment to research into human memory, eyewitness testimony and courtroom procedure.
Reasons for Joining and Beliefs about the Police and Police Work among Slovenian Female Police Rookies
Authors: Pagon Milan , Lobnikar Branko
Published: May 2015

The paper reports a study of the reasons for joining and beliefs about the police and police work among the Slovenian female police rookies. Fifty-five female police trainees participated in a survey at the end of their basic police training. It was hypothesised that their beliefs about police and police work were the result of their experience during training, their level of cynicism, support and encouragement from their relatives and friends, as well as their femininity, self-esteem, and doubt about trustworthiness of people. The majority of the hypotheses were confirmed. The results were compared with the results obtained from a sample of 22 male police trainees. The comparison revealed different dynamics of male and female beliefs about police and police work, as well as some differences in reasons for joining the police. The results are discussed in terms of their practical value for police recruitment and training.
Marksmanship Skills of Female Police Recruits: Impact of Basic Firearms Training
Authors: Charles Michael T. , Copay Anne G.
Published: May 2015

Female police officers generally have a weaker grip strength and are less familiar with firearms than their male counterparts when they enter the police academy. The study examined whether the basic law enforcement firearms class adequately prepared female officers. Police recruits coming to the Police Training Institute (PTI) with no or little firearms training were selected. The grip strength and marksmanship scores of 216 police recruits (185 men and 31 women) were measured. Both male and female recruits significantly improved their marksmanship scores by the end of the training. The female scores remained slightly but significantly lower than the male scores due to their lower grip strength.
Inconsistent Role of the Media in Criminal Profiling in a Serial Murder Case
Authors: Yamamura Takehiko
Published: May 2015

An inspection of media articles about the Kobe serial murder case in 1997 suggests that the media may have several negative effects on criminal profiling in professional criminal investigations. The most worrying aspect of media responses to serious offending is the way they can shape social perception of a crime. In particular, the media focus on narrow aspects of a case and in so doing give a distorted picture of the criminal. Inspection of articles in some newspapers indicate that reporters see themselves as on-lookers rather than as professional investigative journalists. They cling to rumour and the tit-bits of information they can gather and are forced to enlarge them to make a story. By doing so they spread misleading and damaging information about a crime. In conclusion, it is argued that the way the media report serious crime, including serial murder, can be considered counter-productive to a criminal investigation.
False Memories in Children Created through a Series of Interviews. Who Took a Boy Away?
Authors: Takaoka Masako , Saito Kenichiro , Wakinaka Hiroshi , Yamamoto Toshiya
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the authors demonstrate how false eyewitness testimonies were created through a joint remembering between children and adult interviewers. Jen five-year-old children participated in an event at their kindergarten: a three-year-old boy came to the kindergarten and played with them, but left while they were watching a video. A week later, three pairs of interviewers interviewed children on the event. They repeated the interview five times on different days. The interviewers were misinformed beforehand that Taka, a female adult familiar to the children, took the boy away. Actually, however, the boy was taken away by a teacher. Although the interviewers conducted a fair interview without using leading question, false information was created. The interviewers seemed to pick up the information which was consistent with their knowledge. Also, children's testimonies changed in response to the interviewers' questions and responses. Furthermore, children filled in the gap using their own schema and script.
Disruptive Passengers at Manchester Airport: A Problem-Oriented Approach
Authors: Burgess Tim
Published: May 2015

Disruptive passengers are a great danger to the safety of air travellers. The terms ‘air rage’ and 'sky rage’ are used by the media, around the world, to report a perception that there is an increasing number of disruptive incidents on board aircraft in flight. The Greater Manchester Police (GMP) at Manchester Airport began the process of using a problem-oriented approach and enlisted the assistance of many partners who could affect the problem and its resolution.

The GMP believed it was possible to prevent incidents occurring if key service partners (a service partner includes anyone who delivers/provides a service to people using an airport) worked more closely together. The GMP began a wide-ranging strategy to provide better information; to provide a portfolio of preventative measures, and to develop strategies for enforcing the law.

The GMP believe that the very small number of incidents which take place at Manchester Airport is due to the preventative measures which have been put in place.
Police Culture, Women Police and Attitudes towards Misconduct
Authors: Waugh Linda , Ede Andrew , Alley Avril
Published: May 2015

It is frequently asserted that female police officers are less likely than their male counterparts to engage in misconduct or to approve of such behaviour by fellow officers. This paper assesses the extent to which such assumptions hold true in the case of Queensland police. The paper draws upon three sources of data: attitudinal surveys administered to serving police officers, police-initiated complaints, and public complaints against police. Attitudinal data showed few differences between male and female police officers in their views of ethical conduct and the stated willingness to report a fellow officer known to have behaved inappropriately. In addition, female recruits were found to be as likely as males to modify their views once they have spent some time ‘in the field’. Attitudinal results were supported by the finding that, regardless of gender, only a small number of officers below the rank of Sergeant were willing to initiate complaints of misconduct against a fellow police officer. Complaints against police data showed male officers were more likely than female officers to attract complaints, in particular, complaints of assault. Overall, the findings question the argument that female officers are inherently ‘more ethical’ in their outlook or that they are more willing to report misconduct than their male counterparts. While female police officers may not be inherently more ethical, their employment has some important organisational advantages, such as enabling a reduction in complaints, particularly those relating to the use of force, and a reinforcement of the principles of community policing.
Effectiveness and safety of nitrofurantoin in outpatient male veterans
Authors: Ingalsbe Michelle L. , Wojciechowski Amy L. , Smith Kelly A. , Mergenhagen Kari A.
Published: May 2015

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to assess both the safety and the effectiveness of nitrofurantoin in male veterans treated for urinary tract infections (UTIs) with varying degrees of renal impairment in the outpatient setting. Nitrofurantoin is an important oral option for treating UTIs given increasing resistance to commonly used agents. Nitrofurantoin is currently contraindicated in patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of < 60 ml/min, but the reason for this threshold has not been well documented.

Methods:

Data were collected through a retrospective chart review from January 2004 to July 2013 of men who had received nitrofurantoin. Bivariate analyses followed by multivariate analyses were performed between patients experiencing clinical cure and those who did not, to determine factors significantly impacting effectiveness.

Results:

The Gram stain of the organism causing the UTI and CrCl were significant factors impacting effectiveness. For every 1 ml/min increase in CrCl, the odds of clinical cure increased by 1.3%. Patients with Gram-negative UTIs predictably had 80% cure rates with CrCl around 60 ml/min. Patients with Gram-positive UTIs required higher CrCl, nearing 100 ml/min, to establish an 80% cure rate. Adverse effects did not vary with CrCl.

Conclusions:

The odds of clinical cure varied with CrCl and with the type of organism causing the UTI, while adverse events did not differ based on renal function. A minimum CrCl of 60 ml/min is suggested for men to achieve an 80% cure rate for UTIs with the most common urinary pathogens.
The effectiveness of the Push Brace™ orthosis and corticosteroid injection for managing first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: A factorial randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Peters Susan E , Jha Bhavana , Couzens Gregory B , Walsh Wilma , Lisle David , Ross Mark
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Various conservative treatments for first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis have been reported. We aim to investigate the short-term effectiveness of conservative management interventions used to improve pain and function for adults with first carpometacarpal joint arthritis in a randomised controlled trial.

Methods

A pragmatic 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial will be conducted. This randomised controlled trial will have one control group (hand therapy) and three intervention groups. Interventions will include Push Brace™ orthosis and hand therapy, ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection and hand therapy and a combination of all three interventions. A total of 276 participants will be recruited for the trial. The primary outcomes will be pain (reported using a Visual Analogue Scale) and function (using the Patient Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation). Secondary outcomes will include osteoarthritis specific function, pinch strength, global change and quality of life. Adverse events and complications will be reported. Outcomes assessments will be completed prior to the intervention and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-intervention. The trial will be conducted at a private hand surgery clinic in Queensland, Australia.

Conclusions

Results from this trial will contribute to the evidence on conservative management of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.
Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cell and embryonic tendon progenitor cell response to embryonic tendon biochemical and mechanical factors
Authors: Brown Jeffrey P , Galassi Thomas V , Stoppato Matteo , Schiele Nathan R , Kuo Catherine K
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Advances in tendon engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hindered by a need for cues to direct tenogenesis, and markers to assess tenogenic state. We examined the effects of factors involved in embryonic tendon development on adult MSCs, and compared MSC responses to that of embryonic tendon progenitor cells (TPCs), a model system of tenogenically differentiating cells.

Methods

Murine MSCs and TPCs subjected to cyclic tensile loading, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF4) in vitro were assessed for proliferation and mRNA levels of scleraxis, TGFβ2, tenomodulin, collagen type I and elastin.

Results

Before treatment, scleraxis and elastin levels in MSCs were lower than in TPCs, while other tendon markers expressed at similar levels in MSCs as TPCs. TGFβ2 alone and combined with loading were tenogenic based on increased scleraxis levels in both MSCs and TPCs. Loading alone had minimal effect. FGF4 downregulated tendon marker levels in MSCs but not in TPCs. Select tendon markers were not consistently upregulated with scleraxis, demonstrating the importance of characterizing a profile of markers.

Conclusions

Similar responses as TPCs to specific treatments suggest MSCs have tenogenic potential. Potentially shared mechanisms of cell function between MSCs and TPCs should be investigated in longer term studies.
BioMAJ2Galaxy: automatic update of reference data in Galaxy using BioMAJ
Authors: Bretaudeau Anthony , Monjeaud Cyril , Le Bras Yvan , Legeai Fabrice , Collin Olivier
Published: May 2015

Background

Many bioinformatics tools use reference data, such as genome assemblies or sequence databanks. Galaxy offers multiple ways to give access to this data through its web interface. However, the process of adding new reference data was customarily manual and time consuming, even more so when this data needed to be indexed in a variety of formats (e.g. Blast, Bowtie, BWA, or 2bit).

BioMAJ is a widely used and stable software that is designed to automate the download and transformation of data from various sources. This data can be used directly from the command line, in more complex systems, such as Mobyle, or by using a REST API.

Findings

To ease the process of giving access to reference data in Galaxy, we have developed the BioMAJ2Galaxy module, which enables the gap between BioMAJ and Galaxy to be bridged. With this module, it is now possible to configure BioMAJ to automatically download some reference data, to then convert and/or index it in various formats, and then make this data available in a Galaxy server using data libraries or data managers.

Conclusions

The developments presented in this paper allow us to integrate the reference data in Galaxy in an automatic, reliable, and diskspace-saving way. The code is freely available on the GenOuest GitHub account (https://github.com/genouest/biomaj2galaxy).
Little Monsters
Authors: Nyong'o Tavia
Published: May 2015

This essay uses the 2012 film Beasts of the Southern Wild to investigate the lingering investments in race and sovereignty that one encounters in fables of queer rewilding. Exploring the genealogy of the mythical aurochs as it is reanimated in both dramatic and eugenic contexts, the essay queries the burden of fabulation that the film places on its youthful protagonist. This burden restages the scene of engulfment through which racialized bodies and indigenous territories are dispossessed by and for white settlement.
Feelings and Fractals
Authors: Vaccaro Jeanne
Published: May 2015

The public artwork Crochet Coral Reef and the ecocatastrophe of coral erosion are a prompt in this essay to examine the geometric shapes and patterns of harm for transgender life. Connecting the handmade labor of making identity to markets of environmental crisis, the essay conceptualizes how diverse bodies of land, water, animals, and flesh shape the administration of survival, distribution of life, political economy, and our biosocial landscape of sex and gender.
Cramping an Alkyl Group by Rigid Macrocyclic Framework
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Oki Tomohiro , Inoue Masataka , Wakamatsu Kan , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: May 2015

An anthracene–acetylene cyclic dimer with an intra-annular ethyl group was synthesized as a sterically congested π-conjugated compound by cyclization with Sonogashira coupling. The ethyl group was conformationally cramped by the rigid macrocyclic framework because of the severe steric interactions, as revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation.
Side effects and occlusion rate after tumescentless treatment of the great saphenous vein with EVLA
Authors: Schuller-Petrović S. , Schuller S. , Schuller-Lukić B. , Pavlović M. D.
Published: May 2015

We have performed a retrospective analysis of side-effect profile of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of great saphenous veins in patients operated on in general sedation or general/regional anesthesia with or without tumescence solution injection. The results confirmed our initial assumptions that omitting tumescence (and in addition, avoiding any external compression and cooling) may actually significantly reduce the incidence of moderate/severe postoperative pain and brusing without compromising closure rates. As these are probably caused by vessel wall perforations they seem to be more common in the tumescence cohort. The results are in line with recent basic research which showed that fiber tip centering may reduce perforations (easier to perform in vessels filled with blood), that blood itself does not either reduce or enhance laser‘s effect, and that various lasers over a wide range of wavelengths (from hemoglobin-absorbing to water-absorbing) have comparable clinical efficacy. Hence, omitting tumescence and external compression probably reduces the incidence of postoperative pain and brusing in patients treated with EVLA.
Active Nutrient acute and active for the prevention of calf muscle cramps
Authors: Kiesewetter H.
Published: May 2015

Hintergrund: Spontane, meist nächtliche Krämpfe der Muskulatur der Füße und Waden treten gelegentlich bis häufig bei ca. 40 % der Bevölkerung in Deutschland auf. Ursache sind meist lokale Durchblutungsstörungen als Folge einer Grunderkrankung, Trinkschwäche, Ernährungsstörungen, wie mangelnde Elektrolyt- oder Vitaminzufuhr.

Eine abendliche Physiotherapie, wie Dehnungsübungen oder Anwendung eines Massagerollers zum Ausstreichen von Ödemen haben sich als wirksam erwiesen.

Methode: Eine medikamentöse Prophylaxe, z. B. mit Chininsulfat, sollte nur dann zur Anwendung kommen, wenn alle anderen Maß-nahmen ausgeschöpft sind, im Übrigen sollte sorgfältig vorher das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis abgewogen werden, da es selten zu gefährlichen unerwünschten Reaktionen kommen kann. Neu ist der Ansatz, das Säure-Basen-Verhältnis zu beeinflussen, um einer Übersäuerung des Muskels vorzubeugen. 70 Probanden wurden in die Anwendungsbeobachtung eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse: Die ersten Ergebnisse veranlassen zu einer optimistischen Beurteilung, um über die Aufnahme von Citrat- und Carbonatsalzen sowie Vitamin-B-Krämpfen vorzubeugen.
F1000Prime: an analysis of discipline-specific reader data from Mendeley
Authors: Haunschild Robin , Bornmann Lutz
Published: May 2015

We have used the F1000Prime recommended paper set (n= 114,582 biomedical papers) to inquire the number of Mendeley readers per (sub-) discipline via the Mendeley Application Programming Interface (API). Although the (sub-) discipline of Mendeley readers is self-assigned and not mandatory, we find that a large share (99.9%) of readers at Mendeley does share their (sub-) discipline. As expected, we find most readers of F1000Prime recommended papers work in the disciplines of biology and medicine. A network analysis reveals strong connections between the disciplines of engineering, chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine.
The Ways to Create Geometric Patterns Automated Layout
Authors: Маркин  , Markin Leonid
Published: May 2015

Improving the quality of products associated with

improving the quality of their design, which is achieved by using

modern information technologies. Considering the high density

layout of a modern transport technology, is an urgent development

of mathematical software and automated layout system. The basis

for the creation of mathematical development and software development

need the steps to geometric modeling as placed objects,

and the allocating process.

The article discusses the layout automation products with a

high density layout (especially means of transport). Since the problem

of accommodation is a classical geometrical problem, then it

is necessary to develop solutions appropriate geometric models.

The article describes the main types of geometric models describing

the shape of composable objects, their classification and application.

We describe an automated layout problem as a problem

of placement of a certain group of objects of specified sizes and

shapes in a confined space. The paper shows that with an abundance

of models used in modern applied geometry, allowing to describe

the geometric shape of objects of any complexity, their use in

computer-aided layout does not provide a solution to the problem

of automated layout. The article shows the possibilities of modern

software and reasons that do not allow its direct use in tasks of

automated layout. The mathematical formulation of the problem

as a layout optimization problem, indicating its objective function,

constraints and performance criteria. An approach (unit normal

equations), which allows the creation of geometric models of automated

layout, move from exhaustive search of accommodation

options composable objects to intelligent automated placement

algorithms.
Coalitional Bargaining in Networks
Authors: Nguyen Thành
Published: May 2015

We analyze a noncooperative bargaining game with a general coalition structure. In each period an opportunity for a feasible coalition to form arises according to a stochastic process, and a randomly selected agent in the coalition makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer to the other agents in the coalition. We develop a new technique based on convex programming to characterize the unique stationary equilibrium payoff of the game. We apply the framework to various settings including trading networks with middlemen and cooperation networks with overlapping communities. In these applications, feasible coalitions are determined by an underlying network structure. We study the effect of the underlying network on the pattern of trade and show how an agent’s payoff is related to her position in the network.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2015

Mark Greener rounds up key studies published in healthcare journals
Silver nanoparticles and their orthopaedic applications
Authors: Brennan S. A. , Ní Fhoghlú C. , Devitt B. M. , O’Mahony F. J. , Brabazon D. , Walsh A.
Published: May 2015

Implant-associated infection is a major source of morbidity in orthopaedic surgery. There has been extensive research into the development of materials that prevent biofilm formation, and hence, reduce the risk of infection. Silver nanoparticle technology is receiving much interest in the field of orthopaedics for its antimicrobial properties, and the results of studies to date are encouraging. Antimicrobial effects have been seen when silver nanoparticles are used in trauma implants, tumour prostheses, bone cement, and also when combined with hydroxyapatite coatings. Although there are promising results with in vitro and in vivo studies, the number of clinical studies remains small. Future studies will be required to explore further the possible side effects associated with silver nanoparticles, to ensure their use in an effective and biocompatible manner. Here we present a review of the current literature relating to the production of nanosilver for medical use, and its orthopaedic applications.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:582–9.
A prospective comparative study of cementless total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing in patients under the age of 55 years
Authors: Haddad F. S. , Konan S. , Tahmassebi J.
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ten-year clinical and functional outcome of hip resurfacing and to compare it with that of cementless hip arthroplasty in patients under the age of 55 years.

Between 1999 and 2002, 80 patients were enrolled into the study: 24 were randomised (11 to hip resurfacing, 13 to total hip arthroplasty), 18 refused hip resurfacing and chose cementless total hip arthroplasty with a 32 mm bearing, and 38 insisted on resurfacing. The mean follow-up for all patients was 12.1 years (10 to 14).

Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically at one year, five years and ten years. Outcome measures included EuroQol EQ5D, Oxford, Harris hip, University of California Los Angeles and University College Hospital functional scores.

No differences were seen between the two groups in the Oxford or Harris hip scores or in the quality of life scores. Despite a similar aspiration to activity pre-operatively, a higher proportion of patients with a hip resurfacing were running and involved in sport and heavy manual labour after ten years.

We found significantly higher function scores in patients who had undergone hip resurfacing than in those with a cementless hip arthroplasty at ten years. This suggests a functional advantage for hip resurfacing. There were no other attendant problems.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:617–22.
Sustained five-year benefit of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis for femoral acetabular impingement-induced chondral lesions compared with microfracture treatment
Authors: Fontana A. , de Girolamo L.
Published: May 2015

The repair of chondral lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement requires specific treatment in addition to that of the impingement. In this single-centre retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients we compared treatment with microfracture (MFx) with a technique of enhanced microfracture autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC).

Acetabular grade III and IV chondral lesions measuring between 2 cm2 and 8 cm2 in 147 patients were treated by MFx in 77 and AMIC in 70. The outcome was assessed using the modified Harris hip score at six months and one, two, three, four and five years post-operatively. The outcome in both groups was significantly improved at six months and one year post-operatively. During the subsequent four years the outcome in the MFx group slowly deteriorated, whereas that in the AMIC group remained stable. Six patients in the MFx group subsequently required total hip arthroplasty, compared with none in the AMIC group

We conclude that the short-term clinical outcome improves in patients with acetabular chondral damage following both MFx and AMIC. However, the AMIC group had better and more durable improvement, particularly in patients with large (≥ 4 cm2) lesions.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:628–35.
Can local recurrence of a sacral chordoma be treated by further surgery?
Authors: Xie C. , Whalley N. , Adasonla K. , Grimer R. , Jeys L.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with a sacral chordoma and the surgical management of locally recurrent disease.

Between October 1990 and August 2013 we operated on 54 consecutive patients with a sacral chordoma. There were 34 men and 20 women with a mean age of 60 years (25 to 86). The mean maximum diameter of the tumour was 9.3 cm (3 to 20).

The mean follow-up was 7.8 years (2 months to 23.4 years). The disease-specific survival was 82% at five years, 57% at ten years and 45% at 15 years. The local recurrence-free survival was 49% at five years, 37% at ten years and 20% at 15 years. Local recurrence occurred in 30 patients (56%) at a mean of 3.8 years (3 months to 13 years) post-operatively.

Survival after the treatment of recurrence was 89% at two years, 56% at five years and 19% at ten years. Of nine patients who had complete resection of a recurrence, one died after 72 months and eight remain disease-free. Incomplete resection of recurrent disease resulted in a survival of 54% at two years and 36% at five years.

For 12 patients with a local recurrence who were treated palliatively, survival was 81% at two years and 31% at five years.

A wide margin of resection gave the best chance of long-term survival and complete resection of local recurrence the best chance of control of disease.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:711–15.
Unstable paediatric pelvic injuries
Authors: Kenawey M. , Krettek C. , Addosooki A. , Salama W. , Liodakis E.
Published: May 2015

Unstable pelvic injuries in young children with an immature pelvis have different modes of failure from those in adolescents and adults. We describe the pathoanatomy of unstable pelvic injuries in these children, and the incidence of associated avulsion of the iliac apophysis and fracture of the ipsilateral fifth lumbar transverse process (L5-TP). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 children with Tile types B and C pelvic injuries admitted between 2007 and 2014; their mean age was 12.6 years (2 to 18) and 12 had an immature pelvis. Those with an immature pelvis commonly sustained symphyseal injuries anteriorly with diastasis, rather than the fractures of the pubic rami seen in adolescents. Posteriorly, transsacral fractures were more commonly encountered in mature children, whereas sacroiliac dislocations and fracture-dislocations were seen in both age groups. Avulsion of the iliac apophysis was identified in eight children, all of whom had an immature pelvis with an intact ipsilateral L5-TP. Young children with an immature pelvis are more susceptible to pubic symphysis and sacroiliac diastasis, whereas bony failures are more common in adolescents. Unstable pelvic injuries in young children are commonly associated with avulsion of the iliac apophysis, particularly with displaced SI joint dislocation and an intact ipsilateral L5-TP.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:696–704.
The prevalence of acetabular labral tears and associated pathology in a young asymptomatic population
Authors: Lee A. J. J. , Armour P. , Thind D. , Coates M. H. , Kang A. C. L.
Published: May 2015

Acetabular labral tears and associated intra-articular pathology of the hip have been recognised as a source of symptoms. However, it is now appreciated that there is a relatively high prevalence of asymptomatic labral tears. In this study, 70 young asymptomatic adult volunteers with a mean age of 26 years (19 to 41) were recruited and underwent three tesla non-arthrographic MR scans. There were 47 women (67.1%) and 23 men (32.9%).

Labral tears were found in 27 volunteers (38.6%); these were an isolated finding in 16 (22.9%) and were associated with other intra-articular pathology in the remaining 11 (15.7%) volunteers. Furthermore, five (7.1%) had intra-articular pathology without an associated labral tear.

Given the high prevalence of labral pathology in the asymptomatic population, it is important to confirm that a patient's symptoms are due to the demonstrated abnormalities when considering surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:623–7.
Pop
Authors: Hecken Thomas
Published: May 2015

Pop ist weit mehr als ein Kürzel für »populär«. Der Pop-Begriff führt gleich in mehrere Bereiche hinein, die für die Kultur der westlichen Welt von großer Bedeutung sind. Pop steht für die bunte, reizvolle Ästhetik des alltäglichen und medialen Konsums, Pop steht für wichtige Tendenzen im Unterhaltungssektor und in der modernen Kunst. Zudem wird unter dem Zeichen von Pop oft sogar für eine hedonistische Form der Gegenkultur gestritten. Die publizistischen und intellektuellen Debatten rund um die Popkultur, um Popmusik, Pop-art, Pop-Theorie und um Camp, Underground, New Journalism, Postmoderne und Lifestyle zeichnet »Pop. Geschichte eines Konzepts« erstmals international umfassend nach. Damit liegt nicht mehr und nicht weniger als ein Standard- und Nachschlagewerk zur Geschichte des Pop-Diskurses vor.
Unbedachtes Wohnen
Authors: Hasse Jürgen
Published: May 2015

»Als ob wir das Wohnen je bedacht hätten.« - Diese Diagnose von Martin Heidegger gilt auch heute noch. Mehr denn je! Das Buch setzt am Leerlaufen des Denkens über das Wohnen an. Was meinen wir, wenn wir über unser Wohnen sprechen? Zur Vertiefung des Verständnisses reflektiert die Studie vor dem Hintergrund qualitativer Fallstudien Formen nicht alltäglichen Wohnens als Ausdruck besonderer Lebenssituationen (im Gefängnis, in der Seemannsmission, im Kloster, in der Obdachlosigkeit etc.). Die Illustrationen und historischen Rekonstruktionen verschaffen Zugänge zu einem geisteswissenschaftlichen Nach-Denken über das Wohnen.
Zwischen Problemorientierung und Disziplin
Authors: Schützenmeister Falk
Published: May 2015

Diese Studie zeigt am Beispiel der Ozonforschung und der atmosphärischen Chemie, dass eine Entgegensetzung von Interdisziplinarität und Disziplinarität inadäquat ist. Vielmehr treibt die Spannung zwischen der problemorientierten, meist interdisziplinären Forschung und den Disziplinen die wissenschaftliche Dynamik an. Mit der Unterscheidung von Wissenschaft und Forschung wird ein Programm vorgeschlagen, in dem die vielfältigen Kopplungen zwischen den beiden Sphären empirisch analysiert und in ihrem gesellschaftlichen Umfeld betrachtet werden können. Dieser koevolutionäre Ansatz bietet die Lösung zentraler Probleme der Wissenschaftsforschung an.
Die Türkei und das andere Europa
Authors: Küçük Bülent
Published: May 2015

Diese Studie analysiert das dialogische Zusammenspiel zwischen den europäischen und türkischen Diskursen um den möglichen EU-Beitritt der Türkei. Die Differenzen stellen in der Perspektive postkolonialer Theorien ein ambivalentes und formatives Moment für die Bildung einer europäischen Identität dar: Die Europäer nehmen die Beitrittsverhandlungen zum Anlass, über ihr Selbstverständnis zu reflektieren, wobei diverse Ost-West-Repräsentationen kommuniziert und strukturiert werden. Die muslimischen Migranten in Europa und die Minderheiten in der Türkei fungieren dabei als interne Symptome, die die Unvollständigkeit der europäischen bzw. türkischen Identitäten sichtbar machen.
Macht die Gesellschaft depressiv?
Authors: Summer Elisabeth
Published: May 2015

Die häufigste psychische Krankheit ist gegenwärtig laut WHO und EU die Depression, die in ihren Konsequenzen noch vielfach unterschätzt wird. Zu ihren Folgen zählt nicht selten der Suizid. Ihren Ursachen auf den Grund zu gehen, ist also dringlich. Gleichwohl fehlt in Psychologie und Medizin noch immer ein einheitliches Verständnis dieser affektiven Störung, und eine Erklärung ihrer Genese steht noch immer aus. Der französische Soziologe Alain Ehrenberg durchbricht nun mit seiner viel diskutierten Studie »Das erschöpfte Selbst, Depression und Gesellschaft in der Gegenwart« (deutsch 2004) die binnensystemische psychologische Betrachtung der zahlreichen Erscheinungsformen von Depression und bietet stattdessen eine einheitliche gesellschaftstheoretische Erklärung der Krankheit an. Ehrenbergs These, die depressive Verstimmung sei als Zeitkrankheit vom gesellschaftlichen Weltsicht- und Selbstverwirklichungsdiskurs verursacht, wird in diesem Buch auf ihre Stichhaltigkeit hin überprüft - zum einen anhand eigener therapeutischer Praxisfälle, zum anderen durch Korrelation mit der aktuellen Wissenschaftsdebatte.
Kreolische Identität
Authors: Möllers Nina
Published: May 2015

Frei, wohlhabend und ›rassengemischt‹ - die kreolischen Free People of Color waren eine Anomalie innerhalb des bipolaren amerikanischen ›Rassensystems‹ des 19. Jahrhunderts. Dieser Band untersucht die Konstruktion ›rassischer‹, geschlechtlicher und klassenspezifischer Identitäten und zeigt, in welch bisher unbekanntem Ausmaß es den Free People of Color gelang, alternative Identitätsentwürfe zu entwickeln und in Politik, Kultur und Recht zu verankern. Indem die Studie zurückgeht zu anderen Orten und Zeitpunkten, wirft sie einen neuen Blick auf das vermeintlich klare Verhältnis der ›Rassen‹ in den Südstaaten der USA und revidiert die Vorstellung von der afroamerikanischen Bevölkerung als homogene Gruppe.
Workfare in den USA
Authors: Grell Britta
Published: May 2015

Das »Sozialhilfeproblem« scheint in den USA - anders als in Europa - gelöst, worauf anhaltend hohe Beschäftigungsquoten verweisen. Die Studie stellt diesen Konsens in Frage. Sie untersucht die bislang nur unzureichend verstandenen Hintergründe und Konsequenzen der US-Sozialhilfereform von 1996, die einen radikalen Arbeitszwang für alle Bedürftigen einführte. Es wird erklärt, warum sich mit dieser ›Workfare-Politik‹ die Armut noch verschärft hat. Zudem wird gezeigt, wie Gewerkschaften und soziale Bewegungen auf diese Politik reagiert haben und vor welchen sozialpolitischen Herausforderungen Städte wie New York und Los Angeles zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts stehen.
Neue Technik auf alten Pfaden?
Authors: Wieland Thomas
Published: May 2015

Das Konzept der Pfadabhängigkeit erklärt, weshalb sich suboptimale Technologien trotz besserer Alternativen dauerhaft auf dem Markt durchsetzen können. Was bedeutet das für die Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik? Auf der Grundlage eines theoretisch abgeleiteten Modells untersucht der Autor diese Frage am Beispiel der bundesdeutschen Förderung von Spitzentechnik. Das Buch behandelt zivile Kerntechnik, elektronische Datenverarbeitung und Biotechnologie als historische Fallbeispiele und bietet so neben theoretischen Einsichten auch eine Geschichte der Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik der Bonner Republik.
Tourismuskrisen und organisationales Lernen
Authors: Steiner Christian
Published: May 2015

Der Tourismus in der Arabischen Welt sieht sich nach dem 11. September 2001 schweren Krisen und strukturellen Veränderungen gegenüber. Doch mit welchen organisationalen Lernprozessen reagiert die Tourismuswirtschaft hierauf? Aus Perspektive einer Pragmatischen Geographie und anhand empirischer Studien in der transnationalen Hotelwirtschaft zeigt der Autor, wie Lernprozesse durch die sozio-kulturelle Einbettung und Wirklichkeitskonstruktion der Unternehmen gefördert oder begrenzt werden. Das Buch leistet damit einen empirisch fundierten Beitrag zur theoretisch-konzeptionellen Weiterentwicklung der Theorien organisationalen Lernens.
Jenseits des Raums
Authors: Frahm Laura
Published: May 2015

Filmische Räume entfalten sich jenseits bekannter Raumkoordinaten. Sie erschließen einen Grenzbereich, in dem sich bildräumliche Fixierungen und ein bewegtes, transformierendes Raumdenken überkreuzen. Dieses Buch fasst die Räumlichkeit des Films anhand des Konzepts der filmischen Topologie neu. Das theoretische Fundament hierzu wird im Rekurs auf zentrale Positionen der Raum- und Filmtheorie gewonnen, während Raumdynamiken im Zuge einer Historiographie der filmischen Metropole im frühen Stadtfilm, im Film noir sowie im Episodenfilm punktuell beleuchtet werden. In der aktuellen Raumdebatte setzt die filmische Topologie neue Impulse und öffnet zugleich den Blick auf die Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten einer medialen Raumtheorie.
Subjekte des Begehrens
Authors: Strube Miriam
Published: May 2015

Sex und Sexualität sind schon immer wichtige Themen in den Künsten gewesen. Wurden sie lange Zeit vor allem aus männlicher Perspektive dargestellt, so haben mittlerweile auch viele Künstlerinnen das weibliche Begehren zum Ausdruck gebracht. Miriam Strube legt die erste facettenreiche Analyse hierzu vor. Sie untersucht die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung der Frau in verschiedenen Medien von der Popkultur bis zum Literaturkanon und ordnet diese in unterschiedliche historische, ethnische und schichtspezifische Kontexte ein. Dieser für die »Cultural Studies« seltene Panoramablick zeigt ein differenziertes Bild der weiblichen Sexualität und ihrer relationalen Autonomie in den Künsten.
Intersektionalität
Authors: Winker Gabriele , Degele Nina
Published: May 2015

Das Thema soziale Ungleichheit steht nach wie vor im Zentrum der Soziologie. Die mehrdimensionale Analyse sozialer Ungleichheit stellt unter dem Begriff der »Intersektionalität« in den letzten Jahren die wohl größte Innovation in diesem Feld dar und gewinnt auch in der Lehre zunehmend an Bedeutung - insbesondere in den Modulen zur Soziologie sozialer Ungleichheit, zur Sozialstrukturanalyse und zu den Gender Studies. Erstmals im deutschsprachigen Raum liegt nun eine kompakte Analyse dieses zentralen Ansatzes der Soziologie sozialer Ungleichheit vor. Die Ausarbeitung einer klaren forschungsanleitenden Theorie und Methodik machen den Band zu einem wertvollen Begleiter in Lehre und Forschung.
Film und Multikulturalismus
Authors: Seipel J.
Published: May 2015

Wie sind Geschlecht und Ethnizität miteinander verflochten? Anhand einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Filmanalyse setzt J. Seipel diese Frage in Beziehung mit Theorien zu Nation und Multikulturalismus und kann so die Bedeutung der Repräsentation von Migrantinnen und Migranten für gesellschaftliche Prozesse der Konstruktion und für das Selbstverständnis eines multikulturalistischen Nationengebildes aufzeigen. Der Fokus auf Australien liefert dabei einen im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher wenig diskutierten sozialen und kulturellen Hintergrund. Damit bietet der Band die Möglichkeit für Reflexionen und eine Erweiterung des eigenen Blicks.
Queere Tracks
Authors: Leibetseder Doris
Published: May 2015

In dieser spannenden Pionierarbeit werden erstmals Schlüsselkonzepte der aktuellen Gender-Politik und Queer Theorie wie Ironie, Parodie, Camp, Maske/Maskerade, Mimesis/Mimikry, Cyborg, Transsexualität und Dildo wissenschaftlich aufbereitet. Mit Hilfe einer neuen Art der Wissensvermittlung verbindet die Autorin anspruchsvolle sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Theorien mit praktischen Beispielen aus den Cultural Studies. Der subversive Charakter queerer Motive wird am Beispiel zeitgenössischer Rock- und Popmusik aufgezeigt und in Beziehung zu klassischen Diskursen der abendländischen Philosophiegeschichte gesetzt.
Futuristen auf Europa-Tournee
Authors: Weissweiler Lilli
Published: May 2015

Am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkriegs gingen die Futuristen auf große Europa-Tournee, um ihre Bilder international bekannt zu machen. Dieses Buch zeichnet die Stationen ihrer Reise in Paris, London und Berlin vor dem Hintergrund der Künstlerbiographien nach. Es umfasst die Vorbereitung von der ersten Idee an, den erbitterten Kampf um die Realisation und die teils inspirierende, teils schockierende Wirkung auf Zeitgenossen aus den Bereichen Kunst und Literatur. Fundierte Bildanalysen ergänzen die Rezeptionsgeschichte und lassen die futuristischen Bilder - die sonst eher textlastig durch den Filter der Manifeste betrachtet werden - für sich sprechen.
Anerkennung, Integration und Geschlecht
Authors: Fischer Ute Luise
Published: May 2015

Gesellschaftliche Krisenlagen - etwa des Arbeitsmarktes oder der Familie - werden in diesem Buch als Sinnkrisen interpretiert. In Biografien von Männern und Frauen spürt die Untersuchung den sinnstiftenden Momenten der persönlichen Lebensführung nach. Die hier verfolgte subjekttheoretische Wendung der Geschlechterdifferenzforschung zeigt geschlechtsspezifische biografische Widersprüche vor allem als Effekt der Anerkennungsordnung. Mit ihrem Ausblick auf eine »Kultur der Bewährung« wirft die Autorin ein neues Licht auf das aktuelle und brisante Thema der Integration.