bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor Induce Deadhesion and Anoikis of Retinal Pericytes
Authors: Liu Haibo , Yang Ru , Tinner Babben , Choudhry Annam , Schutze Norbert , Chaqour Brahim
Published: January 2008

Loss of retinal pericytes is one of the distinctive features of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is characterized by retinal capillary obliteration. The matricellular proteins, cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), are aberrantly expressed in the retinal vasculature from the early stages of DR, but their effects on retinal pericytes are unknown. We show herein that rat retinal pericytes (RRPs) exposed to advanced glycosylation-end products, an important injurious stimulus of diabetes, express increased levels of both Cyr61 and CTGF, and concomitantly undergo anoikis, a form of apoptosis by loss of cell-matrix interactions. Adenovirus-mediated expression of Cyr61 and/or CTGF conferred an anoikis-prone phenotype to rat retinal pericytes, including decreased phosphotyrosine protein levels at focal adhesion points and formation of cortical actin rings. When used as substrates for pericyte attachment and compared with other matrix proteins (e.g. type IV collagen), recombinant Cyr61 and CTGF proteins exhibited antiadhesive and apoptogenic activities. Phosphatase inhibitors reversed these effects, suggesting that Cyr61 and CTGF promote dephosphorylation events. Furthermore, Cyr61- and CTGF-induced apoptosis was mediated through the intrinsic pathway and involved the expression of genes that have been functionally grouped as p53 target genes. Expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene, a known target of p53, was increased in pericytes overexpressing either Cyr61 or CTGF. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 had, at least in part, a protective effect against Cyr61- and CTGF-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings support the involvement of Cyr61 and CTGF in pericyte detachment and anoikis, implicating these proteins in the pathogenesis of DR.
Complex Role of the Mitochondrial Targeting Signal in the Function of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Revealed by Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Transgenesis in Vivo
Authors: Sasaki Goro , Ishii Tomohiro , Jeyasuria Pancharatnam , Jo Youngah , Bahat Assaf , Orly Joseph , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Parker Keith L.
Published: January 2008

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) stimulates the regulated production of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex and gonads by facilitating the delivery of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane. To explore key aspects of StAR function within bona fide steroidogenic cells, we used a transgenic mouse model to explore the function of StAR proteins in vivo. We first validated this transgenic bacterial artificial chromosome reconstitution system by targeting enhanced green fluorescent protein to steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads. Thereafter, we targeted expression of either wild-type StAR (WT-StAR) or a mutated StAR protein lacking the mitochondrial targeting signal (N47-StAR). In the context of mice homozygous for a StAR knockout allele (StAR−/−), all StAR activity derived from the StAR transgenes, allowing us to examine the function of the proteins that they encode. The WT-StAR transgene consistently restored viability and steroidogenic function to StAR−/− mice. Although the N47-StAR protein was reportedly active in transfected COS cells and mitochondrial reconstitution experiments, the N47-StAR transgene rescued viability in only 40% of StAR−/− mice. Analysis of lipid deposits in the primary steroidogenic tissues revealed a hierarchy of StAR function provided by N47-StAR: florid lipid deposits were seen in the adrenal cortex and ovarian theca region, with milder deposits in the Leydig cells. Our results confirm the ability of StAR lacking its mitochondrial targeting signal to perform some essential functions in vivo but also demonstrate important functional defects that differ from in vitro studies obtained in nonsteroidogenic cells.
Barriers to the provision of needle-exchange services: a qualitative study in community pharmacies
Authors: Hall Susan , Matheson Catriona
Published: January 2008

Objective

To investigate the attitudes of pharmacists to the provision of needle-exchange services (NES) at community pharmacies and, if barriers exist, explore means by which they may be overcome.

Setting

Twenty-one community pharmacies across Grampian in North East Scotland during May and June 2005.

Method

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted with 24 pharmacists.

Key findings

Newly identified barriers included the negative influence of security staff, a local policy against NES provision and a lack of awareness of other services available for drug users.

Conclusion

Training packages for all health professionals working with drug users and awareness training for security staff are required if the identified barriers are to be overcome. ‘Hands-on’ training and experience of NES for pharmacists and their staff should be available. Suggestions made by pharmacists for NES provision in general practitioner surgeries or community hospitals and the development of automated services should be considered.
Development, implementation and evaluation of a pilot project to deliver interventions on alcohol issues in community pharmacies
Authors: Fitzgerald Niamh , McCaig Dorothy J , Watson Hazel , Thomson David , Stewart Derek C
Published: January 2008

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the provision of brief interventions on alcohol misuse in community pharmacies. The objectives were to: train community pharmacists to initiate discussion of alcohol consumption with targeted pharmacy clients and screen, intervene or refer as appropriate; and to explore with pharmacists and clients the feasibility, acceptability and perceived value of screening and delivering the intervention.

Setting

Eight community pharmacies in Greater Glasgow.

Method

After a two-day training course for pharmacists (n = 9) and one day for pharmacy assistants (n = 13), the eight pharmacies recruited clients over 3 months. Standardised protocols were prepared to screen clients for hazardous or harmful drinking using the Fast Alcohol Screening Tool (FAST) and to guide the intervention. Clients were recruited from specific target groups and via posters highlighting the service. Following completion of the recruitment phase, pharmacists and clients were followed up by the research team, using a combination of focus groups and semi-structured telephone interviews.

Key findings

During the study period 70 clients were recruited, 30 screened as drinking hazardously (42.9%) and 7 (10%) screened positive for harmful drinking. Interventions commonly included explanation of sensible drinking and units in clients' preferred drinks (n = 33), feedback on screening and risks to health (n = 27) and discussion of pros and cons of current drinking pattern and link with presenting issue (n = 23). Of the 40 clients agreeing to be followed up, 19 could be contacted and most were generally positive about the experience. On follow-up the pharmacists were positive and felt the project worthwhile and, importantly, noted no strong negative reactions from clients.

Conclusion

This project has been successful in training community pharmacists to discuss alcohol with 70 clients. Further work is required to test the generalisability of our findings and to measure the impact on alcohol consumption.
Selected Non-Ionic Biological Detergents Enhance Signal Intensity of Intact Bovine Serum Albumin by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Brinkworth Craig S. , Bourne David J.
Published: January 2008

Recently, we showed that the signal intensity of intact protein by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry measurement can be enhanced at least an order of magnitude by the addition of Tween80 to the analyte solution. We did not ascertain whether this effect was limited to Tween80 or if it was more universal of biological detergents. This paper discusses our investigations into this question. A variety of chemically diverse detergents were added to analyte solutions containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) to determine whether there was significant signal enhancement. The addition of Tween20, Tween80, Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 improved the attainable sensitivity of intact protein MALDI mass spectrometry compared to spectra acquired without detergent. In some cases there was considerable improvement in signal—for example, with Triton X-100 two charge states (the +1 and +2) of BSA (3.9 fmol) could easily be observed. Another advantage of this process is that the detergent can be added directly to the matrix solution reducing sample handling and preparation time. We propose this phenomenon results from the ability of these detergents to increase the solubility of the protein via hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between the detergent and protein. The increased solubility allows for more uniform deposition of the analyte/matrix mixtures producing an evenly distributed layer of analyte especially useful for data acquisition using an automated laser firing sequence.
RNA backbone: Consensus all-angle conformers and modular string nomenclature (an RNA Ontology Consortium contribution)
Authors: Richardson Jane S. , Schneider Bohdan , Murray Laura W. , Kapral Gary J. , Immormino Robert M. , Headd Jeffrey J. , Richardson David C. , Ham Daniela , Hershkovits Eli , Williams Loren Dean , Keating Kevin S. , Pyle Anna Marie , Micallef David , Westbrook John , Berman Helen M.
Published: January 2008

A consensus classification and nomenclature are defined for RNA backbone structure using all of the backbone torsion angles. By a consensus of several independent analysis methods, 46 discrete conformers are identified as suitably clustered in a quality-filtered, multidimensional dihedral angle distribution. Most of these conformers represent identifiable features or roles within RNA structures. The conformers are given two-character names that reflect the seven-angle δεζαβγδ combinations empirically found favorable for the sugar-to-sugar “suite” unit within which the angle correlations are strongest (e.g., 1a for A-form, 5z for the start of S-motifs). Since the half-nucleotides are specified by a number for δεζ and a lowercase letter for αβγδ, this modular system can also be parsed to describe traditional nucleotide units (e.g., a1) or the dinucleotides (e.g., a1a1) that are especially useful at the level of crystallographic map fitting. This nomenclature can also be written as a string with two-character suite names between the uppercase letters of the base sequence (N1aG1gN1aR1aA1cN1a for a GNRA tetraloop), facilitating bioinformatic comparisons. Cluster means, standard deviations, coordinates, and examples are made available, as well as the Suitename software that assigns suite conformer names and conformer match quality (suiteness) from atomic coordinates. The RNA Ontology Consortium will combine this new backbone system with others that define base pairs, base-stacking, and hydrogen-bond relationships to provide a full description of RNA structural motifs.
Building Brand Awareness in Dynamic Oligopoly Markets
Authors: Naik Prasad A. , Prasad Ashutosh , Sethi Suresh P.
Published: January 2008

Companies spend hundreds of millions of dollars annually on advertising to build and maintain awareness for their brands in competitive markets. However, awareness formation models in the marketing literature ignore the role of competition. Consequently, we lack both the empirical knowledge and normative understanding of building brand awareness in dynamic oligopoly markets. To address this gap, we propose an N-brand awareness formation model, design an extended Kalman filter to estimate the proposed model using market data for five car brands over time, and derive the optimal closed-loop Nash equilibrium strategies for every brand. The empirical results furnish strong support for the proposed model in terms of both goodness-of-fit in the estimation sample and cross-validation in the out-of-sample data. In addition, the estimation method offers managers a systematic way to estimate ad effectiveness and forecast awareness levels for their particular brands as well as competitors' brands. Finally, the normative analysis reveals an inverse allocation principle that suggests—contrary to the proportional-to-sales or competitive parity heuristics—that large (small) brands should invest in advertising proportionally less (more) than small (large) brands.
Financing the Entrepreneurial Venture
Authors: de Bettignies Jean-Etienne
Published: January 2008

We model financial contracting in entrepreneurial ventures. In our incomplete contracts framework, the entrepreneur can design contracts contingent on three possible control right allocations: entrepreneur control, investor control, and joint control, with each allocation inducing different effort levels by both the entrepreneur and the investor. We find that a variety of contracts resembling financial instruments commonly used in practice, such as common stock, straight and convertible preferred equity, and secured and unsecured debt, can emerge as optimal, depending on two key factors: entrepreneur/investor effort complementarity and investors' opportunity cost of capital. The results of our model are consistent with, and yield new explanations for, empirical regularities such as (a) the prevalence of equity-type contracts in high-growth ventures and of debt-type contracts in lifestyle ventures; (b) geographical and temporal differences in equity-type instruments used in high-growth ventures; and (c) the impact of firm and loan characteristics on the choice between secured and unsecured debt.
Public Evacuation Decisions and Hurricane Track Uncertainty
Authors: Regnier Eva
Published: January 2008

Public officials with the authority to order hurricane evacuations face a difficult trade-off between risks to life and costly false alarms. Evacuation decisions must be made on the basis of imperfect information, in the form of forecasts. The quality of these decisions can be improved if they are also informed by measures of uncertainty about the forecast, including estimates of the value of waiting for updated, more accurate, forecasts. Using a stochastic model of storm motion derived from historic tracks, this paper explores the relationship between lead time and track uncertainty for Atlantic hurricanes and the implications of this relationship for evacuation decisions. Typical evacuation clearance times and track uncertainty imply that public officials who require no more than a 10% probability of failing to evacuate before a striking hurricane (a false negative) must accept that at least 76%—and for some locations over 90%—of evacuations will be false alarms. Reducing decision lead times from 72 to 48 hours for major population centers could save an average of hundreds of millions of dollars in evacuation costs annually, with substantial geographic variation in savings.
Inventory Management with Auctions and Other Sales Channels: Optimality of (s, S) Policies
Authors: Huh Woonghee Tim , Janakiraman Ganesh
Published: January 2008

We study periodic-review inventory replenishment problems with fixed ordering costs, and show the optimality of (s, S) inventory replenishment policies. Inventory replenishment is instantaneous, i.e., the lead time is zero. We consider several sales mechanisms, e.g., auction mechanisms, name-your-own-price mechanisms, and multiple heterogeneous sales channels. We prove this result by showing that these models satisfy a recently-established sufficient condition for the optimality of (s, S) policies. Thus, this paper shows that the optimality of (s, S) policies extends well beyond the traditional sales environments studied so far in the inventory literature.
Nanoscale surface chemistry in self- and directed-assembly of organic molecules on solid surfaces and synthesis of nanostructured organic architectures
Authors: Tao Feng
Published: January 2008

This article briefly reviews the interplay of weak noncovalent interactions involved in the formation of self-assembled monolayers of organic molecules and the strong chemical binding in directed-assembly of organic molecules on solid surfaces. For a self-assembled monolayer, each molecule involves at least three categories of weak interactions, including molecule-substrate interactions, molecule-molecule interactions in a lamella, and molecule-molecule interactions between two adjacent lamellae. Basically, molecule-substrate interactions play a major role in determining molecular configuration. Molecule-molecule interactions, particularly the interactions of molecular ending functional groups between two adjacent lamellae, such as hydrogen bonds, play a dominant role in determining the molecular packing pattern in a monolayer. These weak interactions may induce or influence molecular chirality. This understanding at the atomic scale allows us to design 2D nanostructured organic materials via precisely manipulating these weak noncovalent interactions. Compared to the self-assembled monolayer formed via weak noncovalent interactions, the structure of directed-assembled monolayer/multilayers formed through strong chemical bonds is significantly dependent on the geometric arrangement and reactivity of active sites on the solid surface. In contrast to the significant role of weak intermolecular interactions in determining molecular packing in a self-assembled monolayer, strong chemical binding between molecules and reactive sites of a substrate plays a major role in determining the molecular packing pattern in a directed-assembly monolayer. Controllable chemical attachment between organic functional groups and reactive sites of the solid surface is crucial for the formation of a highly oriented organic monolayer and the following multilayer.
Mismatch Repair Protein Expression in Ovine Intestinal Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Munday J. S. , Frizelle F. A. , Whitehead M. R.
Published: January 2008

Sheep in New Zealand develop small intestinal adenocarcinomas more frequently than sheep elsewhere in the world. This high rate of neoplasm development could be due to a genetic predisposition or due to an environmental carcinogen. Differentiation between a genetic and an environmental factor is important as, if an environmental carcinogen is present, people could be exposed directly or by consuming sheep meat. In humans, germline defects in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Affected people are predisposed to neoplasm development, most commonly colonic adenocarcinomas. It was hypothesized that MMR defects are common within the New Zealand sheep flock, and these defects predispose New Zealand sheep to intestinal neoplasia. To investigate this, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of the MMR proteins MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 within 49 ovine intestinal adenocarcinomas. Neoplastic cells within all sheep tumors expressed MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1. Expression of PMS2 could not be assessed, most likely because of insufficient affinity of the anti-human PMS2 antibody to ovine PMS2. The consistent expression of MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1 within the ovine intestinal adenocarcinomas does not support the hypothesis that defects in the MMR genes are common in New Zealand sheep.
Malignant Nephroblastoma in a Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Zöller M. , Mätz-Rensing K. , Fahrion A. , Kaup F.-J.
Published: January 2008

Necropsy of a 17-month-old male common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) with a history of increased abdominal girth resulted in the finding of a unilateral polycystic renal neoplasm. Detailed histopathologic and immunohistochemical investigations revealed different tissue types within the tumor including stromal connective tissue and fusiform mesenchymal cell formations surrounding blastemal cells as well as different developmental stages of organ-specific epithelial cells accompanied by extensive cyst formation. Metastases were not observed. In consideration of the macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was classified as a nephroblastoma closely resembling the so-called Wilms' tumor, a malignant embryonic renal tumor frequently observed in humans, especially in young children. In contrast, this tumor entity has rarely been observed in nonhuman primates. This report represents the first documented case of a cystic variant of nephroblastoma in a nonhuman primate.
My Career Chapter: Guidance Counsellors' Appraisal of Its Suitability for Adolescents
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Patton Wendy , Hoare P. Nancey
Published: January 2008

This article presents an investigation into the properties of a new narrative technique for career assessment and counselling, ‘My Career Chapter: A Dialogical Autobiography’. This technique is used to facilitate clients' construction of a meaningful career-related autobiography. Previous research indicates the usefulness of My Career Chapter for adult clients and its alignment with recommendations for the development and application of qualitative assessment and counselling techniques. This study specifically commences research into the technique's applicability for adolescents. A focus group, comprised of guidance counselling professionals whose work primarily pertained to the needs of adolescents, found that there is potential to develop a version of My Career Chapter that is suitable for adolescents.
A Decade After the Asian Financial Crisis: Regionalism and International Architecture in a Globalized World
Authors: Hellmann Donald C.
Published: January 2008

The China-driven rise of Asia to the center of the global political economy since the Asian financial crisis under systems of political economy manifestly different from those of the Washington Consensus poses a challenge that has been met by neither helter-skelter Asian regionalism nor by American strategic inattentiveness of the past decade.
The Politics of Economic Reform in South Korea: Crony Capitalism after Ten Years
Authors: Ha Yong-Chool , Lee Wang Hwi
Published: January 2008

The post-crisis economic reforms in South Korea have been uneven. While financial reform has been thoroughly carried out, corporate restructuring and labor market flexibility have not been successfully implemented to transform the micro-behavior of the chaebol and labor unions. The unevenness of economic reform is attributable to sociopolitical dynamics.
Dirty Birds, Filthy Immigrants, and the English Sparrow War: Metaphorical Linkage in Constructing Social Problems
Authors: Fine Gary Alan , Christoforides Lazaros
Published: January 2008

The role of metaphor in the construction of social problems has often been neglected. Yet we believe that the use of metaphorical linkage can help explain how social problems become defined. To explore the role of metaphorical linkage, we examine a controversy that shook the American ornithological world of the late 19th century: The Great English Sparrow War. English sparrows were originally imported to the major American cities of the East, in the early 1850s, to control the infestation of trees by dropworms. These birds adapted successfully, and by the mid‐1870s they began to be perceived as a menace to the American ecosystem. As a consequence, a vigorous debate began as to their usefulness or harmfulness, which often exceeded the bounds of scientific discourse. We argue that this controversy over the English sparrow was linked to the controversy over “the new immigration.” A post‐bellum America faced the task of rebuilding its moral boundaries after the disruption of the Civil War and in the face of millions of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and the Orient. The opponents of the English sparrow drew their imagery from the nativism (anti‐foreignism) of the day. They defined the bird as: (1) a foreigner, (2) that competes unfairly with native birds, (3) that has an immoral character, and (4) that needs to be eliminated from the American community of birds. Examining the metaphorical linkages among public concerns of the same period, we suggest, is a fruitful way of examining social problems.
Caregiver‐Child Interaction in the Development of Self: The Contributions of Vygotsky, Bruner, and Kaye to Mead's Theory
Authors: Winter J. Alan , Goldfield Eugene C.
Published: January 2008

A way of updating Mead's half‐century old formulations is suggested. It entails regarding Mead's formulations as one of a class of interactionist theories of the genesis of self. Such theories regard the internalization of symbols and social relations as the basis of self development and stress the role of the interaction between caregiver and child. Sensitizing concepts developed by other theorists, namely, zone of proximal development (Vygotsky), scaffolding (Bruner), and the child‐as‐apprentice (Kaye), are reviewed as heuristic devices which specify the nature of the interaction between caregiver and child which facilitates the latter's self development.
Reconsidering the Çatalhöyük Community
Authors: Düring Bleda S.
Published: January 2008

With an area of 13 ha and an estimated population running into the thousands, Çatalhöyük is one of the largest settlements of the Near Eastern Neolithic. On the basis of its size, the site has often been interpreted as a town or city, without due consideration whether the settlement has the characteristics associated with these concepts. Furthermore, the normative categorization of the settlement has led to a neglect of how the local community at Çatalhöyük was constituted. In this study my focus is on the ways in which the built environment at Çatalhöyük structured social interaction at various scales of social life. It is argued that the local community was constituted through a series of nested social collectivities central to the social life of people at Çatalhöyük. Finally, I consider the manner in which the Çatalhöyük community was related to other communities, on the basis of regional settlement data.
Archiving Ugandan Popular Music
Authors: Isabirye Joel
Published: January 2008

A description of the Popular Culture Archive Project, launched in 2002, which aims to establish a permanent archive material relating to Uganda's popular culture. At the time of writing, 1,056 songs from various artists, eras and genres have been collected and stored in MP3 format.
Finalidades e função da avaliação na formação de enfermeiros
Authors: Laluna Maria Cristina Martinez Capel , Ferraz Clarice Aparecida
Published: January 2008

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os sentidos da avaliação na formação de enfermeiros orientada por competência, utilizando-se o referencial de análise das práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos no cotidiano. Os dados foram coletados em grupo focal, composto por sete professores do Curso de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Na análise, observou-se que a maioria dos repertórios lingüísticos utilizados reporta-se à avaliação tradicional, voltada à classificação, servindo ao sistema social vigente. Entretanto, também observamos a presença de repertórios que indicam sentidos de uma prática direcionada ao compromisso com a aprendizagem de todos, baseada na avaliação democrática para inclusão e transformação da realidade social.
Terapias utilizadas no Hospital Colônia Sant'Ana: berço da psiquiatria catarinense (1941-1960)
Authors: Borenstein Miriam Süsskind , Padilha Maria Itayra Coelho de Souza , Ribeiro Anesilda Alves de Almeida , Pereira Valdete Preve , Ribas Dorotéa Loes , Costa Eliani
Published: January 2008

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza sócio-histórica cujo objetivo foi historicizar o tratamento prestado aos pacientes psiquiátricos internados no antigo Hospital Colônia Santa'Ana (HCS), no período de 1941 a 1960. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com cinco funcionários que trabalharam no Hospital no período, utilizando-se o Método de História Oral (HO). Após a análise das entrevistas utilizando-se da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, chegou-se aos seguintes resultados: os doentes psiquiátricos internados faziam uso de algumas terapias como: eletrochoque, insulinoterapia, cardiazol, psicofármacos, praxiterapia e assistência heterofamiliar. Embora muitas destas terapias atualmente estejam em desuso, e sejam criticadas por diversos segmentos sociais, estavam na época, em consonância ao preconizado pela psiquiatria mundial.
O cuidar no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro: visão dos professores
Authors: Tanaka Luiza Hiromi , Leite Maria Madalena Januário
Published: January 2008

Objetivou-se compreender o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro - cuidar, e verificar as competências - do aprender a fazer, conhecer e ser - desenvolvidas na formação dos graduandos na visão dos sujeitos. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo, a técnica de coleta de dados foi o grupo focal e o método de análise de conteúdo. O resultado foi expresso em seis categorias: A técnica é essencial para o cuidar do enfermeiro; A complexidade da técnica e do cuidado no trabalho do enfermeiro; Diferentes expressões do processo de cuidar; As competências do aprender a conhecer e fazer são essenciais no processo do cuidar; O aprender a ser é compreendido por diferentes vertentes; Necessidade de os professores discutirem sobre o cuidado técnico do enfermeiro.
Gerentes do território na Estratégia Saúde da Família: análise e perfil de necessidades de qualificação
Authors: Ximenes Neto Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães , Sampaio José Jackson Coelho
Published: January 2008

O estudo objetivou elaborar o perfil sócio-demográfico e educacional dos gerentes de território da ESF e identificar os tipos de qualificação ou processo de educação permanente que tem ou estão inseridos os gerentes, o desenvolvimento científico-cultural dos mesmos. A pesquisa é do tipo exploratório-descritiva, realizada em Sobral - Ceará, com 28 gerentes de território da Estratégia Saúde da Família no período de novembro de 2006 a junho de 2007. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. O perfil sócio-demográfico dos gerentes mostra que: 57,2% estão na faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos; 92,9% são do sexo feminino; 78,6% são casados; 57,2% têm renda mensal na ESF de R$ 1.800,00 a 2.000,00; 100% são enfermeiros; 71,4% possuem Especialização na modalidade de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e 57,1% apresentam necessidade de qualificação em gestão em saúde e gestão de pessoas. Sugere-se que a Secretaria Municipal da Saúde e Ação Social poderá estabelecer as atribuições dos gerentes e avaliar o perfil dos gerentes durante a nomeação, e confrontá-lo com o perfil que o sistema exige.
Hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Lana Francisco Carlos Félix , Amaral Evaldo Pinheiro , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Lima Paula Lamounier , Carvalho Ana Cláudia Nascimento de , Diniz Letícia Gonçalves
Published: January 2008

A hanseníase é uma doença de evolução lenta que acomete principalmente a população adulta. A detecção de casos em crianças indica a manutenção da endemia e a precocidade da exposição da população ao bacilo. Este é um estudo ecológico cujo objetivo é analisar a ocorrência da hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no Vale do Jequitinhonha através de indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais. Os resultados apontam para a manutenção da endemia na região, evidenciando uma passividade dos serviços de saúde e a necessidade de implementação de medidas de prevenção e controle específicas para essa faixa etária, a fim de diminuir a transmissão da doença e os eventuais prejuízos que ela pode acarretar à vida do indivíduo, principalmente, ao acometê-lo na infância.
Distúrbios musculo-esqueléticos em trabalhadores de enfermagem: associação com condições de trabalho
Authors: Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Lisboa Márcia Tereza Luz , Souza Ivis Emilia de Oliveira , Moreira Marléa Chagas
Published: January 2008

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da produção de artigos científicos nacionais que investigam os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em trabalhadores de enfermagem. Foram analisadas pelas autoras publicações das bases de dados do sistema Bireme (Medline, Lilacs e BDEnf), no período de 1996 a 2005. Como critérios de seleção, os artigos deveriam apresentar: desfecho "músculo-esquelético"; população de trabalhadores de enfermagem e, ainda, estar publicado em periódicos nacionais indexados no sistema Bireme. Quinze artigos preencheram tais critérios de inclusão. Na maioria dos estudos, as condições inapropriadas de trabalho foram identificadas pelos autores como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos. Neles, os autores discutem não só a necessidade de aprofundar os métodos de investigação dos distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos relacionados ao trabalho da enfermagem, como a de re-pensar a organização desse trabalho.
Tecnologia e humanização: desafios gerenciados pelo enfermeiro em prol da integralidade da assistência
Authors: Arone Evanisa Maria , Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm
Published: January 2008

Este ensaio aborda as temáticas tecnologia e humanização nas organizações hospitalares, enfatizando aspectos conceituais e estratégicos dessas duas áreas no universo da Enfermagem, onde a forte presença da dimensão tecnológica necessita ser revigorada por meio da valorização da natureza humana, quer no uso de um produto ou de um processo no cuidar, agregando outras ênfases mais integradoras, uma vez que ambas sofreram historicamente uma dicotomia e, hoje se apresentam indissociáveis e complementares, como desafios, a serem gerenciados pelo enfermeiro, em prol da integralidade da assistência.
Enfermagem e práticas esportivas: aprendendo com os dilemas éticos
Authors: França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Baptista Rosilene Santos , Brito Virgínia Rossana de Souza , Souza Jeová Alves de
Published: January 2008

Objetivou-se descrever as dificuldades relacionadas aos primeiros socorros durante uma olimpíada estudantil e correlacionar a experiência vivida com aspectos técnicos, científicos e éticos recomendados para a atuação do enfermeiro quando da prestação de primeiros socorros. O relato tomou por base a produção de dados no contexto da atuação dos socorristas e de uma oficina de consenso para solucionar dilema ético. Descreve-se o processo de tomada de decisão ética, os recursos materiais disponíveis, os agravos à integridade física dos atletas e as intervenções executadas. Conclui-se que o esporte tem caráter de medicina preventiva e curativa que exige o compromisso moral dos organizadores de prover os recursos materiais necessários às possíveis intervenções médicas por ocasião de algum dano sofrido pelos atletas.
Hydatidosis cases in one of Mar del Plata City hospitals, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Dopchiz Marcela Cecilia , Elissondo María Celina , Rossin María Alejandra , Denegri Guillermo
Published: January 2008

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution produced mainly by the metacestode Echinococcus granulosus. In Argentina, its distribution reaches endemic levels. The aims of this investigation were to contribute to the knowledge of hydatidosis in the southeast of Buenos Aires province, study its evolution at the Interzonal General Hospital for Acute Diseases between 1992 and 2002 and discuss its importance. Clinical records of operated and/or diagnosed patients were reviewed with regard to this disease. One hundred and twenty cases were analyzed. Among the patients, 56.7% were women. The average age was 42.2+16.8 years. 68.3% lived in urban areas. In 75% of the cases, ultrasonography was used. Hepatic location was most frequently seen. 89.2% received surgical treatment. Albendazole was used for 19 patients. The mean length of hospital stay was 16 days. We conclude that this zoonosis is a disease that generates high costs in medical care and for this reason more epidemiological studies should be carried out and public health authorities should implement control and prevention strategies in the region.
Microbiota intestinal de indivíduos que sofreram acidente ocupacional com materiais biológicos e que realizaram profilaxia anti-retroviral
Authors: Souza Micheli Evangelista de , Pereira Paulo Câmara Marques
Published: January 2008

Avaliar a microbiota intestinal de indivíduos que sofreram acidente ocupacional com materiais biológicos e receberam anti-retrovirais foi o objetivo deste estudo. O grupo de estudo constou de 23 indivíduos com idade entre 18-45 anos, sendo 13 doadores de sangue e 10 que sofreram acidente ocupacional. Foram avaliados a microbiota intestinal, antropometria e exames laboratoriais pré, pós e 30 dias após o término da medicação. Zidovudina mais lamivudina foi utilizada em 70% dos indivíduos associado ao nelfinavir, 20% ao efavirenz e 10% ao ritonavir. As alterações nutricionais e dietéticas-laboratoriais e de microbiota intestinal foram analisadas em três momentos. M1: até dois dias do início da profilaxia; M2: no último dia da profilaxia e M3: 30 dias após o término da profilaxia. Náuseas, vômitos e diarréia estiveram presentes em 50% no segundo momento do estudo. Sobrepeso em 70%, desnutrição e eutrofia em 10%, dos indivíduos, não se modificaram durante o estudo. Transaminases, triglicérides, LDL-colesterol se elevaram no segundo momento e normalizaram 30 dias após término da medicação. Houve redução significativa dos Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium e Bacteróides nos três momentos. Uso de anti-retrovirais provocou impacto significativo na microbiota intestinal dos indivíduos, sem recuperação em 30 dias.
Hanseníase no município de Buriticupu, Estado do Maranhão: busca ativa na população estudantil
Authors: Silva Antonio Rafael da , Portela Édson Gustavo Lima , Matos Wilma Batista de , Silva Camila Cristina Bastos , Gonçalves Eloisa da Graça do Rosario
Published: January 2008

O estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o coeficiente de detecção da hanseníase na população estudantil do município de Buriticupu, Estado do Maranhão. Empregou-se o método de busca ativa de casos, abrangendo-se uma população de 14.653 estudantes, em 53 escolas da rede de ensino municipal. O exame clínico definiu o diagnóstico de hanseníase em 20 estudantes, o que representa um coeficiente de detecção de 13,6/10.000 estudantes. Em todos foi realizada baciloscopia de linfa cutânea, a qual foi positiva em 2 amostras. A forma clínica predominante foi a indeterminada com 12 (60%) casos, seguida da tuberculóide com 5 (25%) e da dimorfa com 3 (15%). Procedeu-se a realização de biópsia da lesão em 11 pacientes, tendo o estudo histopatológico revelado achados comuns de hiperceratose, infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear, vasos ectásicos e músculo eretor de pêlos, isolado. O estudo permitiu, ainda, a identificação de outras doenças infecciosas da pele: pitiríase versicolor em 793, escabiose em 361 e dermatofitoses em 119 indivíduos. Condições diversas e inespecíficas como cicatrizes, nevos e escoriações foram detectadas em 1.020 estudantes.
Freqüência de anticorpo anti-Toxocara canis em comunidade do Rio Uatumã, no Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Damian Márcia Melo , Martins Marilaine , Sardinha José Felipe , Souza Luciana Orêncio de , Chaves Andreza , Tavares Antonio de Matos
Published: January 2008

Um estudo seccional foi realizado nas Vilas Waimiri e Atroari em Balbina, entre julho e outubro de 2006, com o objetivo de estimar a freqüência de anticorpo antiToxocara canis da classe IgG e avaliar as variáveis epidemiológicas e socioculturais. Foram estudadas 34 famílias e incluídos 100 indivíduos, o que correspondeu a 5% (100/2.000) da população das vilas. A idade variou de zero a 76 anos (M=22,9 Dp=18). Quanto ao gênero, 53% eram femininos e 47% masculino; 52% das amostras foram positivas para Toxocara canis, 44,5% negativas e 3,2% inconclusivas. Observou-se menor número de indivíduos com sorologia negativa na Vila Atroari 29,5% (13/44) em comparação com a Waimiri 46,4% (26/56). Com relação ao contato com cães, dos 55 indivíduos com contato domiciliar 60% (33/55) foram positivos para anticorpo antiToxocara canis Apresentaram sorologia positiva 66,6% (10/15) dos indivíduos que tinham contato domiciliar com filhotes de cão (chi²22,149 p=0,008). A existência de contato domiciliar com cães e filhotes mostrou associação com a presença de anticorpo anti-Toxocara canis na população estudada.
Scorpionism due to Tityus neoespartanus (Scorpiones, Buthidae) in Margarita Island, northeastern Venezuela
Authors: De Sousa Leonardo , Boadas Jenny , Kiriakos Demetrio , Borges Adolfo , Boadas Jesús , Marcano Jenny , Turkali Iván , De Los Ríos Miguel
Published: January 2008

The first two cases of scorpion envenoming caused by Tityus neoespartanus (Buthidae) are described. The accidents took place within human environments (one inside a home and the other inside a school), in the village of La Sierra, Margarita Island, State of Nueva Esparta, northeastern Venezuela. Both cases were moderately severe and developed pancreatic involvement and electrocardiographic abnormalities. This report allows inclusion of Margarita Island among the endemic areas of scorpionism in Venezuela.
Fatores de risco que favorecem a recaída no alcoolismo
Authors: Álvarez Armando M. Alonso
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Existe uma prevalência estimada de 11,2% de alcoolismo no Brasil. As tentativas de muitos alcoolistas para abandonar o consumo resultam fracassos e recaídas. A freqüência de recaída, segundo estudos, oscila entre 10% e 30%, assinalando-se diferentes causas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é conhecer os fatores que favorecem as recaídas. MÉTODOS: Aplicaram-se entrevistas e questionários "Fatores de Recaída" e "Razões para Beber" a 105 alcoolistas primários de ambos os sexos, e com predomínio de alcoolismo puro. RESULTADOS: Os principais fatores de recaída são a pressão social, os conflitos interpessoais, os estados emocionais negativos, assim como a própria dependência fisiológica e psicológica. CONCLUSÕES: De maneira geral, os sujeitos apresentaram grande quantidade de fatores e razões que atuam simultaneamente favorecendo a recaída.
Conflitos conjugais e familiares e presença de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) na prole: revisão sistemática
Authors: Guilherme Priscilla Rodrigues , Mattos Paulo , Serra-Pinheiro Maria Antonia , Regalla Maria Angélica
Published: January 2008

O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) é um dos transtornos neurobiológicos com maior prevalência na infância e pode implicar dificuldades no funcionamento conjugal dos pais das crianças afetadas, bem como sofrer influência do mesmo. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca dos aspectos conjugais em famílias de crianças com TDAH, relacionando-os com outras variáveis, como a presença de comorbidades, aspectos socioeconômicos e saúde mental dos pais. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática de literatura por meio do PubMed entre os anos de 1996 e 2006, utilizando os termos "ADD", "ADHD", "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder", "Attention-Deficit", "marital conflict" e "family". RESULTADOS: Dezesseis estudos dentre 628 publicações iniciais e 55 artigos posteriormente incluídos pelas referências bibliográficas foram avaliados. O relacionamento conjugal aparece comprometido em grande parte da literatura, principalmente nos pais daquelas crianças que apresentam distúrbio desafiador e de oposição (DDO) ou distúrbio de conduta comórbidos. Contudo, resultados opostos também são encontrados em diversas pesquisas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados de pesquisas referentes ao funcionamento conjugal de pais destas crianças são heterogêneos. É preciso que sejam feitos estudos longitudinais, que possam esclarecer o impacto do transtorno nos conflitos conjugais de pais de portadores, bem como a influência destes últimos na expressão clínica do transtorno.
Estaremos cegos pelo ciclo da inteligência tradicional? Uma releitura a partir das abordagens de monitoramento ambiental
Authors: Castro José Márcio , Abreu Paulo
Published: January 2008

Procura-se identificar a extensão da utilização de abordagens de monitoramento ambiental entre profissionais de inteligência competitiva (IC) e como tais abordagens afetam os ciclos de inteligência. Este estudo é de natureza quantitativa com dados obtidos por meio de questionários junto aos profissionais de IC, a maioria deles, associada à SCIP (Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals). Como resultado, verificou-se que diferentes abordagens de monitoramento demandam diferentes ciclos de inteligência, sendo o ciclo tradicional adequado apenas a uma das abordagens. Como conseqüência, propõem-se novos ciclos de inteligência para atender a todas as abordagens de monitoramento utilizadas pelas organizações.
Comportamento informacional de crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão da literatura estrangeira
Authors: Fialho Janaina Ferreira , Andrade Maria Eugênia Albino
Published: January 2008

Apresenta revisão de literatura sobre o comportamento informacional de crianças e adolescentes, enfatizando estudos estrangeiros. Introduz com descrição do campo do comportamento informacional humano, de forma mais geral. Destaca principalmente estudos norte-americanos, além de outros da literatura européia, canadense e australiana. As pesquisas analisadas estão reunidas nos seguintes tópicos ou linhas de pesquisa: o aprendizado dos estudantes através da biblioteca escolar; crianças e adolescentes; a Internet e a busca de informação no cotidiano. Os estudos foram selecionados em virtude do intercâmbio entre pesquisadores estrangeiros e a Escola de Ciência da Informação da UFMG e também do estágio doutoral realizado no Centro para Estudos Internacionais em Bibliotecas Escolares, em New Jersey, Estados Unidos. Além da descrição dos estudos, apresenta suas principais conclusões e/ou recomendações.
Biblioteca escolar para la sociedad del conocimiento en España
Authors: García-Quismondo Miguel , Cuevas Cerveró Aurora
Published: January 2008

El objetivo del artículo se dirige a describir la transformación de las bibliotecas escolares en CREA (Centros de Recursos para la Enseñanza y Aprendizaje), como modo de cumplir una función eficaz en la Educación para la Sociedad del Conocimiento. El estudio se realiza en el caso español, por lo que se aborda el desarrollo legislativo para comprender la situación actual de las bibliotecas escolares en España, como un estado del arte, para presentar luego el modelo teórico, la definición y aspectos organizativos del CREA. El gran reto es la conversión de la biblioteca escolar en una biblioteca digital educativa, por lo que el artículo analiza las disfunciones de la biblioteca escolar en los nuevos entornos tecnológicos, los problemas que se plantean en la transformación, los elementos sobre los que descansará la transformación, para finalmente presentar una propuesta de los instrumentos actualmente existentes y eficaces para la gestión de contenidos digitales educativos y la organización del conocimiento en la biblioteca digital educativa que será el CREA.
Normativas sobre patentes en las universidades españolas
Authors: González-Albo Manglano Borja , Zulueta García Maria Ángeles
Published: January 2008

El artículo 20 de la ley 11/86 está dedicado a la regulación de las patentes académicas. En él se establecen los derechos y obligaciones de los inventores y las universidades en relación a las invenciones patentables que surjan dentro de las instituciones españolas de enseñanza superior. Sin embargo, cada universidad puede elaborar un reglamento en el que se adapten las disposiciones de la ley de Patentes a sus propias circunstancias y en el que se regulen la gestión de las solicitudes y posteriores patentes. Este trabajo compara las distintas normativas de patentes de las universidades españolas para tener una visión completa de la regulación interna de este tipo de derechos. Se tratan aspectos tales como los actores implicados, la gestión de las solicitudes, determinación de los gastos, explotación de los derechos, reparto de beneficios, cesión de las patentes y reserva de licencias, etc.