bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: HOST‐GUEST COMPLEXATION. 20. CHIRAL RECOGNITION IN TRANSPORT AS A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR A CATALYTIC RESOLVING MACHINE
Authors: NEWCOMB M. , TONER J. L. , HELGESON R. C. , CRAM D. J.
Published: April 2016

Wie am Beispiel der drei chiralen Wirtsverbindungen (I) und der drei chiralen Gastverbindungen (II) gezeigt wird, ist auf der Basis von Zwei‐Phasen‐Systemen (wäßrig/organisch) optische Trennung durch Komplexbildung leicht erreichbar.
ChemInform Abstract: THE IMPORTANCE OF HYPERCONJUGATION IN NUCLEOPHILIC VINYLIC SUBSTITUTION
Authors: APELOIG Y. , RAPPOPORT Z.
Published: April 2016

Mit ab‐initio‐Methoden werden die Barrieren der inneren Rotation für Ethylanionen wie z.B. (I) berechnet, die von 16.7 kcal/mol für C1 auf ‐4.9 kcal/mol für BH2 abnehmen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN THE REACTION OF ALLYL PHOSPHATES WITH ORGANOALUMINUM REAGENTS
Authors: OZAWA S. , ITOH A. , OSHIMA K. , NOZAKI H.
Published: April 2016

Aus den isomeren Phosphaten (I) werden mit Dimethylaluminiumverbindungen (II) isomere Substitutionsprodukte erhalten, wobei die Konformation zu über 90% erhalten bleibt.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF CYCLOBUTANONE. A THERMAL TRIPLET REACTION
Authors: BACK R. A. , BACK M. H.
Published: April 2016

Die normalerweise fast ausschließlich zu Ethylen und Formaldehyd verlaufende Thermolyse von Cyclobutanon führt in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff mit steigender Temp zunehmend zu Cyclopropan + CO.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF 4‐(TETRAHYDROCARBAZOL‐9‐YL)‐ AND 4‐(TETRAHYDROCYCLOPENT(B)INDOL‐4‐YL)‐3‐BUTEN‐2‐ONE
Authors: TEUBER H.‐J. , GHOLAMI A. , REINEHR U. , BADER H.‐J.
Published: April 2016

N‐Alkylierung des Carbazols (I) mit dem Acetal (II) gibt das Derivat (III), das beim Stehenlassen in einer gesättigten methanolischen HCl‐Lösung bei 20°C (I), die Umlagerungsprodukte (IV) sowie das propellanartig verbrückte Butanocarbazolon (V) liefert; wird die Umsetzung bei ‐ l 5°C durchgeführt, so entsteht überwiegend (V).
ChemInform Abstract: QUEST FOR AN OBSERVABLE MODEL FOR THE SN2 TRANSITION STATE. PENTAVALENT PENTACOORDINATE CARBON
Authors: FORBUS T. R. JUN. , MARTIN J. C.
Published: April 2016

Nach Schema (ohne nähere Angaben) wird aus dem Anthrachinon (I) über das Diol (II) eine in flüssigem SO2 (oder SO2‐SO2ClF) bei Raumtemp. wochenlang stabile Verbindung erhalten, der aufgrund der Bildungsweise sowie der 1H‐ und 19F‐NMR‐Spektren die Struktur (III) mit einem pentavalenten, trigonal‐bipyramidalen C‐Atom zugeschrieben wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE REACTIVITY OF ARYL FLUOROSULFATES WITH RESPECT TO SECONDARY ALIPHATIC AMINES
Authors: HEDAYATULLAH M. , GUY A.
Published: April 2016

Die Fluorsulfonsäurearylester (I) liefern bei der Umsetzung mit sekundären Aminen (II) die Schwefelsäureesteramide (III), das Bisphenolschwefelsäureesterfluorid (IV) ergibt die Bisschwefelsäureesteramide (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐STEP JOINING REACTION OF THIOLATE ANIONS, ACTIVATED OLEFINS, AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: SHONO T. , MATSUMURA Y. , KASHIMURA S. , HATANAKA K.
Published: April 2016

Die bei der Reaktion von ogß‐ungesättigten Verbindungen mit Metallthiolaten intermediär entstehenden Anionen addieren Carbonylverbindungen unter Bildung (nach der üblichen Aufarbeitung) entsprechender gesättigter Alkohole.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME STABLE, NEW THIETES (THIACYLOBUTENES)
Authors: PATWARDHAN B. H. , PARKER E. J. , DITTMER D. C.
Published: April 2016

Die aus den Arylmethylketonen (I) und Dimethylamin (II) zugänglichen Enamine (III) liefern mit Methylsulfonylchlorid (IV)/Triethylamin (V) die cyclischen Aminosulfone (VI), die sich mit LiAlH4 zu den Thioethern (VII) reduzieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION OF 8‐STYRYLCYCLOHEPTA(B)PYRROLES WITH DIMETHYL ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE. FORMATION AND THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF THE 7H‐6A‐AZACYCLOBUTA(J)CYCLOPENTA(1,2,3‐CD)AZULENE RING SYSTEM
Authors: ABE N. , NISHIWAKI T.
Published: April 2016

Mit überschüssigem (II) bilden die Styrylcycloheptapyrrole (I) in siedendem Benzol die Cycloaddukte (III) und (IV), von denen letztere auch durch Erwärmen von (III) in siedendem Xylol erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF 2,2‐DIMETHYL‐5‐ARYL‐4‐BENZOYL‐1,3‐DIOXOLANES
Authors: BUBEL' O. N. , TISHCHENKO I. G. , STASEVICH G. Z. , ROMANKO I. L. , ABRAMOV A. F. , SKAKOVSKII E. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von trans‐3‐Aryl‐2‐benzoyl‐oxiranen (I) mit Aceton (II) führt in Gegenwart von Bortrifluoridetherat zu Gemischen von cis‐ und trans‐isomeren Dioxolanen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND RADIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF S‐DERIVATIVES OF MERCAPTOETHYLAMINOMETHYLNAPHTHALENES AND BENZO‐2,1,3‐THIADIAZOLES
Authors: SLAVACHEVSKAYA N. M. , TSEPOVA N. S. , STRELNIKOV YU. E. , BELEN'KAYA I. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung von Brommethyl‐Verbindungen (I) mit Ethylenimin (II) erhält man die Imine (III), die mit Bromwasserstof f zu den Bromethylarninomethyl‐Verbindungen (IV) umgesetzt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINOLINE AND ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES. V. REDUCTION OF 2‐, 3‐ AND 4‐QUINOLINECARBONITRILE AND 3‐ AND 4‐QUINOLINECARBONITRILE METHYL METHOSULFATES WITH TRIETHYLAMMONIUM FORMATE
Authors: FERLES M. , KOCIAN O.
Published: April 2016

Während 2‐Chinolincarbonsäurenitril von Triethylammoniumformiat nicht reduziert wird, geben 3‐Nitrilo‐chinolin (I) und das entsprechende Ammoniumsalz (V) bei hoher Temp. Gemische der Nitrile (II) bzw. (VI) (die bei niedri‐.
ChemInform Abstract: A TRIS(DIALKYLAMINO)PHOSPHINE WITH PYRAMIDAL NITROGENS
Authors: WHITE D. W. , KARCHER B. A. , JACOBSON R. A. , VERKADE J. G.
Published: April 2016

Die 1:1‐molare Umsetzung von l,4,7‐Triazacyclononan (I) mit Tris‐[dimethylamino]‐phosphin führt zu dem symm. tricyclischen Aminophosphin (II), das monomer nicht isolierbar ist.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOCOBALT CLUSTER COMPLEXES. 28. HIGHLY STABILIZED (NONACARBONYLTRICOBALT)CARBON‐SUBSTITUTED CARBONIUM IONS
Authors: SEYFERTH D. , WILLIAMS G. H. , ESCHBACH C. S. , NESTLE M. O. , MEROLA J. S. , HALLGREN J. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von konz. Schwefelsäure, Trifluoressigsäure oder Hexafluorphosphorsäure mit den Alkoholen (I) führt zur Bildung der Titelcarboniumionen.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIO‐ AND STEREOSELECTIVE CYCLIZATION OF LINALOOL AND NEROLIDOL WITH MERCURIC SALTS. SYNTHESIS OF IRIDANOLS AND CYCLONERODIOL
Authors: MATSUKI Y. , KODAMA M. , ITO S.
Published: April 2016

Bei Cyclisierung von Linalool (I) mit Quecksilbersalzen entstehen unterschiedliche Anteile an den Reaktionsprodukten (II)‐(VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CATENARIN AND ERYTHROGLAUCIN
Authors: BRAUN M.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation de Regioselektive Synthese von Catenarin und Anhydride (I) mit der Grignardverbindung (II) liefert die Addukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHANGE OF THE DIRECTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF THE ADE REACTIONS OF ARENESULFENYL CHLORIDES IN LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE
Authors: GYBIN A. S. , BOGDANOV V. S. , KRIMER M. Z. , SMIT V. A. , NOVGORODTSEVA L. A. , AKHMEDOVA R. SH. , SADOVAYA N. K. , ZEFIROV N. S.
Published: April 2016

1H‐NMR‐spektrometrisch wird die Bildung überwiegend der Markownikow‐Addukte (II) bei Additionen von Arensulfenylchloriden an die Olefine (I) in SO2 bei ‐50°C festgestellt; in schwach polaren Medien (CH2Cl2, C2H2Cl4, CHCl3) beträgt der Anteil der Addukte (II) am Prodtuktgemisch nur 12 bis 35%.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINONES AND QUINONE METHIDES. V. FURTHER REARRANGEMENTS OF THE DIMER FROM 5‐METHOXY‐2‐(4‐METHOXYPHENYLMETHYL)‐1,4‐BENZOQUINONE
Authors: JURD L. , ROITMAN J. N.
Published: April 2016

Das Dimere (I) des Chinons (III) dissoziiert in stark saurer Lösung in (III) und das o‐Chinon‐methid (II), das durch Rekombination unter Verlust von p‐Methoxy‐benzylalkohol in das Xanthyliumsalz (IV) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: A MACROCYCLIC TETRADISULFIDE FROM TETRAFLUORO‐1,4‐BENZENEDITHIOL
Authors: RAASCH M. S.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Oxidation mit Dimethylsulfoxid erhält man aus dem Tetrafluor‐l ,4‐benzol‐dithiol (I) das Tetramere (II).
ChemInform Abstract: BASIC METALS. 18. TRIPHENYL(THIOCARBONYL)THIOTRICOBALT, THE FIRST COMPLEX WITH A μ3‐THIOCARBONYL BRIDGE
Authors: WERNER H. , LEONHARD K.
Published: April 2016

Der aus C5H5Co(PMe3)2 und CS2 leicht erhältliche Komplex (I) reagiert unter Carbondisulfidspaltung in CS und Smit dem Komplex (II) zu dem nur wenig luftempfindlichen Dreikernkomplex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOSUBSTITUTION OF CHLORIDE IONS IN Λ‐CIS‐(COCL2(EN)2)+ WITH CARBONATE OR HYDROXAMATE ANIONS FACILITATED BY SOLID STATE ADSORPTION ON SILICA GEL
Authors: BENDA F. , HAJEK B.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelreaktionen erfolgen unter Bildung der Produkte (I) und (II) in hohen Ausbeuten.
Analytical design 2 DOF IMC control based on inverted decoupling for non‐square systems with time delay
Authors: Jin Qibing , Du Xinghan , Wang Qi , Liu Liye
Published: April 2016

Non‐square systems which have more inputs than outputs are difficult to control because of their special structure. In this article, inverted decoupling is extended to non‐square systems and an effective dynamic decoupling effect is achieved. The method to obtain realizable and stable decoupler matrices is provided. Based on the decoupled processes, the 2 DOF (degrees of freedom) controllers consisting of feedback filters and reference controllers are designed and then the performances for the reference response and the disturbance response are improved simultaneously. The feedback filters are designed based on the trade‐off between robustness and performance for input disturbance rejection. The reference controllers are designed in line with the IMC principle. To restrain overshoot, a requirement on the system maximum singular is proposed and the parameters of the reference controllers are determined based on the requirement. Simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Can the careHPV test performed in mobile units replace cytology for screening in rural and remote areas?
Authors: Lorenzi Adriana T. , Fregnani José Humberto T. , Possati‐Resende Júlio César , Antoniazzi Márcio , Scapulatempo‐Neto Cristovam , Syrjänen Stina , Villa Luisa L. , Longatto‐Filho Adhemar
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be crucial for women who have limited access to traditional screening. The current study compared the results obtained through HPV DNA testing with those obtained through cytology‐based screening.

METHODS

A total of 3068 women aged 18 to 85 years were enrolled in an opportunistic cervical cancer screening program developed by the Barretos Cancer Hospital and performed by a team of health professionals working within a mobile unit from March to December 2012, followed by statistical analyses. For each patient, 2 different cervical samples were collected and preserved in a careHPV assay and SurePath medium, respectively.

RESULTS

High‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) DNA was detected in 10.0% of women, with the majority (86.7%) demonstrating no abnormal Papanicolaou test results. The following cytological samples were found to be hr‐HPV positive: 8.2% of the normal samples; 39.4% of the samples with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance; 38.5% of the samples with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance, cannot exclude high‐grade lesion; 55.3% of the samples with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; and 100% of the samples with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Colposcopy examinations were performed among 33.4% of the women with positive results on at least 1 of the tests (HPV DNA positive and/or cytology with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance, cannot exclude high‐grade lesion or high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions), and 59.5% of these women underwent biopsies. Among these samples, 18.2% were confirmed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

CONCLUSIONS

The careHPV test was demonstrated to be a feasible alternative to primary screening in low‐resource settings accessed through the use of mobile units. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:581‐8. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Prediction of Behavior of Low‐Power Noncontact Charger
Authors: YONETSU DAIGO , YAMAMOTO YASUSHI
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a method to predict the charging current, the output power, and the power transfer efficiency of a low‐power, noncontact charger with reasonable accuracy. The low‐power, noncontact charger model considered in this paper consists of a sinusoidal voltage source, a sending and receiving coil, a full wave rectifier circuit, and an AA nickel metal‐hydride battery. The capacitor that is connected in series in the sending coils of the low‐power noncontact charger model to improve the power factor was also examined. The self‐inductance, the mutual inductance, and the resistances of the coils were calculated using axisymmetric finite element analysis, and were substituted into the circuit equations. The circuit equations were solved by using the Runge‐Kutta method. The calculated charging current, output power, and power transfer efficiency were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Current Command Compensation for PM Servo Motor Considering Voltage Saturation Caused by Both Rapid Change in the Current Command and High‐Speed Rotation
Authors: EGASHIRA YOICHI , HARAKAWA MASAYA , OZAKI TAKAYUKI , TAKEI HIROTO , HAISHI ATSUO , NAGANO TETSUAKI , KOYAMA MASATO
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a new antiwindup method for PM (permanent magnet) servo motor control that compensates for the current commands based on both the amount of transient voltage saturation at high acceleration calculated from the proportional current control model and the amount of voltage saturation in the PI current controller at high speeds. Experimental results show that our proposed method can suppress the windup phenomenon and maintain stability under voltage saturation caused by high speed, high response, high acceleration, and severe voltage sag. Thus, the proposed method can improve the productivity of industrial machines, and is especially effective for PM servo motor control that has a large inductance, such as DDM (direct‐drive motors) and IPM (interior permanent magnet) motors.
Performance Evaluation of an Image‐Space Observer‐Based Visual Servoing System
Authors: OKIYAMA KO , MURAKAMI TOSHIYUKI
Published: April 2016

In recent years, robots have come to be required to operate in various environments and situations. Therefore, robots have to recognize the environment they are in and adapt to any situations that present themselves. The purpose of this research is to increase the tracking speed and robustness of a visual servoing system. A 3‐link planar manipulator provided with a CCD camera is used to track the target. In order to track the target, an image‐based tracking method, suitable for high‐speed tracking, is used. This paper proposes an image‐space observer (IOB), which compensates disturbances in the image space. A zero‐order hold is introduced to the IOB to enhance the performance of the visual servoing system. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through experiments.
Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction for four phenolic environmental estrogens in water samples followed by determination using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Liu Junying , Lu Wenhui , Liu Huitao , Wu Xiaqing , Li Jinhua , Chen Lingxin
Published: April 2016

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with CE was successfully developed for simultaneous determination of four types of phenolic environmental estrogens (PEEs), namely hexestrol (HS), bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES) and dienestrol (DS). Several parameters affecting DLLME and CE conditions were systematically investigated including the type and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, extraction time, salt, pH value, surfactant, buffer solution and so on. Under the optimal conditions, DLLME‐CE exhibited strong enrichment ability, presenting high enrichment factors of 467, 241, 367 and 362 for HS, BPA, DES and DS, respectively, as well as low detection limits of 0.3, 0.6, 0.6 and 0.3 μg/L, respectively. Excellent linearity was achieved in the range of 2.0–150 μg/L for HS and DS, and 4.0–300 μg/L for BPA and DES, with correlation coefficients R>0.9983. Recoveries ranging from 70.4 to 108.1% were obtained with tap water, lake water and seawater samples spiked at three concentration levels and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, for n = 5) were 2.1–9.7%. This DLLME‐CE method with high selectivity and sensitivity, high stability, simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness was proved potentially applicable for the rapid and simultaneous determination of PEEs in complicated water samples.
Internal Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a (Nearly) Representative Dutch Community Sample
Authors: Barrada Juan Ramón , van Strien Tatjana , Cebolla Ausiàs
Published: April 2016

The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire is a widely used instrument for assessment of emotional, external and restrained eating. The aim of the present study is to (i) analyse its internal structure using exploratory structural equation modelling; (ii) to assess its measurement invariance with respect to sex, BMI, age and level of education; and (iii) to evaluate the relations of the factors with these variables. Except that women were slightly over‐represented, the sample (n = 2173) closely followed the sociodemographic characteristics of the overall Dutch population. The three theoretical factors that emerged from the analysis were in close correspondence with the three scales for emotional, external and restrained eating. Only two items (item 3 — ‘desire to eat when nothing to do…’ and item 21 — ‘resist delicious food...’) presented problematic loadings. The questionnaire showed satisfactory measurement invariance, and expected patterns of mean differences and relations were found. All in all, the results highlight the adequate psychometric properties of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Temporal Stability of Stated Preferences: The Case of Junior Nursing Jobs
Authors: Doiron Denise , Yoo Hong Il
Published: April 2016

With the growing use of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) in health workforce research, the reliability of elicited job preferences is a growing concern. We provide the first empirical evidence on the temporal stability of such preferences using a unique longitudinal survey of Australian nursing students and graduate nurses. The respondents completed DCEs on nursing positions in two survey waves. Each position is described by salary and 11 non‐salary attributes, and the two waves are spaced 15months apart on average. Between the waves, most final‐year students finished their degrees and started out as graduate nurses. Thus, the survey covers a long timespan that includes an important period of career transition. The relative importance of different job attributes appears stable enough to support the use of DCEs to identify key areas of policy intervention. There is virtually no change in the groupings of influential job characteristics. Conclusions regarding the stability of willingness‐to‐pay, however, are different because of unstable preferences for salary. The instability of preferences for salary was also found previously in the context of comparing alternative elicitation methods. This prompts us to push for further work on the reliability of stated preferences over monetary attributes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Syntheses of Some New Thiophene‐Based Heterocycles
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed , Habib Osman M. O. , Moawad Evelin B. , Abo‐Ouf Rehab M.
Published: April 2016

In this effort, 2‐aminothiophene‐3‐carboxylate (1) was prepared using Gewald's methodology. This 2‐aminothiophene derivative was diazotized and coupled with malononitrile to obtain the nitrile derivative (2), which was utilized as key synthon for the synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted heterocycles via its reactions with some nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles. On the other hand, a facile and convenient syntheses of thiazolidinone, pyrrolidinone, and chromene derivatives incorporating thiophene moiety via the versatile, readily accessible 2‐aminothiophene‐3‐carboxylate (1) were also described.
Quantitative measurement of global crosstalk for 3D display
Authors: Fan Hang , Wang Xiaolu , Liang Shaosen , Li Kunyang , Jian Ruiqing , Zhou Yangui , Wang Jiahui , Zhou Jianying
Published: April 2016

A photo‐detecting system based on photo‐detector with calibrated optical response is developed to characterize the global crosstalk of three‐dimensional (3D) displays over the entire display screen. Local screens areas are investigated, revealing that the crosstalk can be very inhomogeneous over the entire screens for typical stereoscopic display and autostereoscopic display. New quantification parameters for crosstalk, including average crosstalk and crosstalk uniformity, are introduced to give a panorama view of the display system. The crosstalk measurement and characterization method not only show good agreement with the practical visual experience, but also give a global quantitative description of crosstalk.
Impact of a mentored student clerkship on underrepresented minority diversity in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery
Authors: Nellis Jason C. , Eisele David W. , Francis Howard W. , Hillel Alexander T. , Lin Sandra Y.
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To describe the impact of a mentored clerkship initiative on underrepresented minority medical students interested in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS).

Study Design

Prospective observational study.

Methods

An outreach effort to recruit underrepresented minority students was initiated in 2008, consisting of either a 3‐month research clerkship or a 1‐month clinical rotation. Financial assistance and faculty mentorship was provided for students. Upon conclusion of the clerkship, students completed a post‐clerkship evaluation form. Students were followed regarding residency applications, match status, and publications. Evaluations were compiled and analyzed. The number of publications resulting from interaction with faculty mentors was calculated.

Results

Fifteen students participated in the clerkship from 11 medical schools. Of those, 10 students participated in the clinical clerkship, four in the research clerkship, and one in both clerkships. Evaluation (5‐point Likert scale) average scores and comments revealed high student satisfaction with the rotations (4.85), provided individual mentorship (4.85), and provided exposure to academic medicine (4.92). Participants indicated the rotation favorably impacted their decision to apply for OHNS residency training and increased their interest in academic medicine. The participants had an average number of 1.7 publications, with 1.18 publications in OHNS journals. Six publications resulted from direct interaction between students and faculty during the clerkship. Seven students applied for OHNS residency programs, and six matched successfully.

Conclusion

Mentored clerkships for underrepresented minority medical students increases interest in applying to OHNS residency training programs and is a successful approach to increasing physician diversity. It provides a pathway to expand research opportunities and increase student interest in academic medicine.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:2684–2688, 2016
In Vivo Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Embedded in an Injectable In Vivo‐Forming Hydrogel
Authors: Jang Ja Yong , Park Seung Hun , Park Ji Hoon , Lee Bo Keun , Yun Jeong‐Ho , Lee Bong , Kim Jae Ho , Min Byoung Hyun , Kim Moon Suk
Published: April 2016

In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are examined as a cellular source for bone tissue engineering using an in vivo‐forming hydrogel. The hDPSCs are easily harvested in large quantities from extracted teeth. The stemness of harvested hDPSCs indicates their relative tolerance to ex vivo manipulation in culture. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs is characterized using Alizarin Red S (ARS), von Kossa (VK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The solution of hDPSCs and a methoxy polyethylene glycol‐polycaprolactone block copolymer (PC) is easily prepared by simple mixing at room temperature and in no more than 10 s it forms in vivo hydrogels after subcutaneous injection into rats. In vivo osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in the in vivo‐forming hydrogel is confirmed by micro‐computed tomography (CT), histological staining, and gene expression. Micro‐CT analysis shows evidence of significant tissue‐engineered bone formation in hDPSCs‐loaded hydrogel in the presence of osteogenic factors. Differentiated osteoblasts in in vivo‐forming hydrogel are identified by ARS and VK staining and are found to exhibit characteristic expression of genes like osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. In conclusion, hDPSCs embedded in an in vivo‐forming hydrogel may provide benefits as a noninvasive formulation for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Analytical study of the accuracy of discrete element simulations
Authors: J. Hanley Kevin , O'Sullivan Catherine
Published: April 2016

The numerical errors was used to verify the correctness of key results. The truncation errors, which are larger than the round‐off errors by orders of magnitude, have a superlinear relationship with both the simulation time‐step and the interparticle collision speed. This remains the case regardless of the simulation details including the chosen contact model, particle size distribution, particle density or stiffness. Hence, the total errors can usually be reduced by choosing a smaller time‐step. Increasing the polydispersity in a simulation by including smaller particles necessitates choosing a smaller time‐step to maintain simulation stability and reduces the truncation errors in most cases. The truncation errors are increased by the dissipation of energy by frictional sliding or by the inclusion of damping in the system. The number of contacts affects the accuracy, and one can deduce that because 2D simulations contain fewer interparticle contacts than the equivalent 3D simulations, they therefore have lower accrued simulation errors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent developments in polymer applications of synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Sakurai Shinichi
Published: April 2016

Synchrotron radiation facilities have been established and become very familiar in the polymer community not only from academic but also industrial viewpoints. It is not so unusual now to conduct simultaneous measurements of small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) with other techniques such as wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, stress–strain, light scattering, and so forth. New techniques have also been established and have become more familiar in recent years. In this review, recent developments in polymer applications of synchrotron SAXS are summarized. Instrumental developments and progress in data analyses are reviewed from the following aspects: ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering, anomalous SAXS, X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy, new types of simultaneous measurements, grazing‐incidence SAXS, new trends in nanoparticle analyses and industrial applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionally integrated liquid crystalline photochromic triple block copolymer with locally light‐ and thermal‐controllable sub‐blocks
Authors: Bugakov Miron , Boiko Natalia , Shibaev Valery
Published: April 2016

Photoorientation and reorientation processes induced by illumination of the samples with oppositely directed polarized light and by the thermal treatment were studied for the films of triblock copolymer pAzo10‐b‐pPhM80‐b‐pAzo10 consisting of a nematic phenyl benzoate сentral sub‐block (PhM, DP = 80) with two terminal smectic azobenzene sub‐blocks (Azo, DP = 10). For amorphized films of triblock copolymer, illumination with polarized light (λ = 546 nm) is shown to be by orientation of only Azo‐containing groups, but upon following annealing of the film, PhM groups are adjusted to the orientation of Azo fragments. It was found, that the subsequent illumination of the block copolymer sample with oppositely directed polarized light changes the orientation of azobenzene groups, while the orientation of phenyl benzoate groups is remained unchanged. Thus, the cyclic illumination of the triblock copolymer samples by the linear polarized light and subsequent thermal treatment make it possible to control and fix orientation of azobenzene and phenyl benzoate groups located in different sub‐blocks in the desired and independent manner. The comparison of these results with the data on random p(Azo7‐ran‐PhM30) copolymer of the similar composition revealed, that in the random copolymer, both Azo and PhM mesogenic groups are involved in the orientational cooperative process regardless of films process treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1602–1611
Yersinia adhesins: An arsenal for infection
Authors: Chauhan Nandini , Wrobel Agnieszka , Skurnik Mikael , Leo Jack C.
Published: April 2016

The Yersiniae are a group of Gram‐negative coccobacilli inhabiting a wide range of habitats. The genus harbors three recognized human pathogens: Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, which both cause gastrointestinal disease, and Y. pestis, the causative agent of plague. These three organisms have served as models for a number of aspects of infection biology, including adhesion, immune evasion, evolution of pathogenic traits, and retracing the course of ancient pandemics. The virulence of the pathogenic Yersiniae is heavily dependent on a number of adhesin molecules. Some of these, such as the Yersinia adhesin A and invasin of the enteropathogenic species, and the pH 6 antigen of Y. pestis, have been extensively studied. However, genomic sequencing has uncovered a host of other adhesins present in these organisms, the functions of which are only starting to be investigated. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the adhesin molecules present in the Yersiniae, and their functions and putative roles in the infection process.
Consistently faster and smaller compressed bitmaps with Roaring
Authors: Lemire Daniel , Ssi‐Yan‐Kai Gregory , Kaser Owen
Published: April 2016

Compressed bitmap indexes are used in databases and search engines. Many bitmap compression techniques have been proposed, almost all relying primarily on run‐length encoding (RLE). However, on unsorted data, we can get superior performance with a hybrid compression technique that uses both uncompressed bitmaps and packed arrays inside a two‐level tree. An instance of this technique, Roaring, has recently been proposed. Due to its good performance, it has been adopted by several production platforms (e.g., Apache Lucene, Apache Spark, Apache Kylin, and Druid). Yet there are cases where run‐length‐encoded bitmaps are smaller than the original Roaring bitmaps—typically when the data are sorted so that the bitmaps contain long compressible runs. To better handle these cases, we build a new Roaring hybrid that combines uncompressed bitmaps, packed arrays, and RLE‐compressed segments. The result is a new Roaring format that compresses better. Overall, our new implementation of Roaring can be several times faster (up to two orders of magnitude) than the implementations of traditional RLE‐based alternatives (WAH, Concise, and EWAH) while compressing better. We review the design choices and optimizations that make these good results possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: The Deletion of the Phosphatase Regulator NIPP1 Causes Progenitor Cell Expansion in the Adult Liver
Authors: Boens Shannah , Verbinnen Iris , Verhulst Stefaan , Szekér Kathelijne , Ferreira Monica , Gevaert Thomas , Baes Myriam , Roskams Tania , van Grunsven Leo A. , Van Eynde Aleyde , Bollen Mathieu
Published: April 2016

The Ppp1r8 gene encodes NIPP1, a nuclear interactor of protein phosphatase PP1. The deletion of NIPP1 is embryonic lethal at the gastrulation stage, which has hampered its functional characterization in adult tissues. Here, we describe the effects of a conditional deletion of NIPP1 in mouse liver epithelial cells. Ppp1r8−/− livers developed a ductular reaction, that is, bile-duct hyperplasia with associated fibrosis. The increased proliferation of biliary epithelial cells was at least partially due to an expansion of the progenitor cell compartment that was independent of liver injury. Gene-expression analysis confirmed an upregulation of progenitor cell markers in the liver knockout livers but showed no effect on the expression of liver-injury associated regulators of cholangiocyte differentiation markers. Consistent with an inhibitory effect of NIPP1 on progenitor cell proliferation, Ppp1r8−/− livers displayed an increased sensitivity to diet-supplemented 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine, which also causes bile-duct hyperplasia through progenitor cell expansion. In contrast, the liver knockouts responded normally to injuries (partial hepatectomy, single CCl4 administration) that are restored through proliferation of differentiated parenchymal cells. Our data indicate that NIPP1 does not regulate the proliferation of hepatocytes but is a suppressor of biliary epithelial cell proliferation, including progenitor cells, in the adult liver.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Trials Using Companion Animal Disease Models
Authors: Hoffman Andrew M. , Dow Steven W.
Published: April 2016

Studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells in humans would benefit from more realistic animal models. In veterinary medicine, companion animals naturally develop many diseases that resemble human conditions, therefore, representing a novel source of preclinical models. To understand how companion animal disease models are being studied for this purpose, we reviewed the literature between 2008 and 2015 for reports on stem cell therapies in dogs and cats, excluding laboratory animals, induced disease models, cancer, and case reports. Disease models included osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, dilated cardiomyopathy, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's fistulas, meningoencephalomyelitis (multiple sclerosis-like), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren's syndrome-like), atopic dermatitis, and chronic (end-stage) kidney disease. Stem cells evaluated in these studies included mesenchymal stem-stromal cells (MSC, 17/19 trials), olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC, 1 trial), or neural lineage cells derived from bone marrow MSC (1 trial), and 16/19 studies were performed in dogs. The MSC studies (13/17) used adipose tissue-derived MSC from either allogeneic (8/13) or autologous (5/13) sources. The majority of studies were open label, uncontrolled studies. Endpoints and protocols were feasible, and the stem cell therapies were reportedly safe and elicited beneficial patient responses in all but two of the trials. In conclusion, companion animals with naturally occurring diseases analogous to human conditions can be recruited into clinical trials and provide realistic insight into feasibility, safety, and biologic activity of novel stem cell therapies. However, improvements in the rigor of manufacturing, study design, and regulatory compliance will be needed to better utilize these models.
Applicability of one-stage partial nitritation and anammox in MBBR for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater
Authors: Kouba Vojtech , Widiayuningrum P , Chovancova L , Jenicek P , Bartacek J
Published: April 2016

Energy consumption of municipal wastewater treatment plants can be reduced by the anaerobic pre-treatment of the main wastewater stream. After this pre-treatment, nitrogen can potentially be removed by partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A). Currently, the application of PN/A is limited to nitrogen-rich streams (>500 mg L−1) and temperatures 25–35 °C. But, anaerobically pretreated municipal wastewater is characterized by much lower nitrogen concentrations (20–100 mg L−1) and lower temperatures (10–25 °C). We operated PN/A under similar conditions: total ammonium nitrogen concentration 50 mg L−1 and lab temperature (22 °C). PN/A was operated for 342 days in a 4 L moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). At 0.4 mg O2 L−1, nitrogen removal rate 33 g N m−3 day−1 and 80 % total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved. The capacity of the reactor was limited by low AOB activity. We observed significant anammox activity (40 g N m−3 day−1) even at 12 °C, improving the applicability of PN/A for municipal wastewater treatment.
Effect of Agro‐Environmental Factors on the Mineral Content of Olive Oils: Categorization of the Three Major Portuguese Cultivars
Authors: Gouvinhas Irene , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl , Machado Nelson , Carvalho Teresa , Matos Carlos , Barros Ana I. R. N. A.
Published: April 2016

The nutritional properties and safety of olive oil are strongly dependent on the content of mineral nutrients and trace elements. Hence, this work assesses the content for quality and toxic metals of olive oils from three major Portuguese cultivars (‘Galega’, ‘Cobrançosa’ and ‘Picual’) obtained from olives in different ripening stages. This evaluation was achieved by flame atomic spectrometry and atomic absorption in a graphite furnace, depending on the metal to be analysed. The results showed mean concentrations of the mineral nutrients Ca and Mg of 20.00 µg g−1, and K and Na of 40.00 and 170.00 µg g−1, respectively, while the trace elements Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni had mean values of 0.53, ≤ 0.01, 0.33, 0.10, 1.09 and 0.64 µg g−1, respectively. The mean content of the toxic metals Al, Cd, Pb and As were 27.46, 0.03, 0.09 and 0.36 µg g−1, respectively, which were according to the values proposed by European regulations. The evaluation of the data obtained by partial least square regression allowed the identification of the minerals with the strongest potential to discriminate between the season (Na, Cu, Zn and Ni) and the cultivar employed in the olive oil performance (Fe and Mn).
Are Smart Beta strategies suitable for hedge fund portfolios?
Authors: Hitaj Asmerilda , Zambruno Giovanni
Published: April 2016

In the equity context different Smart Beta strategies (such as the equally weighted, global minimum variance, equal risk contribution and maximum diversified ratio) have been proposed as alternatives to the cap‐weighted index. These new approaches have attracted the attention of equity managers as different empirical analyses demonstrate the superiority of these strategies with respect to cap‐weighted and to strategies that consider only mean and variance. In this paper we focus our attention to hedge fund index portfolios and analyze if the results reported in the equity framework are still valid. We consider hedge fund index and equity portfolios, the approaches used for portfolio selection are the four ‘Smart Beta’ strategies, mean–variance and mean–variance–skewness. In the two latter approaches the Taylor approximation of a CARA expected utility function and the Polynomial Goal Programing (PGP) have been used. The obtained portfolios are analyzed in the in‐sample as well as in the out‐of‐sample perspectives.
A Novel Approach for Obtaining Assembly Modes of a 3UPS-S Fully Spherical Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Enferadi J.
Published: April 2016

The 3(UPS)-S fully spherical parallel manipulator is the most famous fully spherical parallel manipulator (FSPM). In this paper, we propose a novel approach to model the forward displacement analysis of the manipulator to obtain its assembly modes. Rodrigues’ formula is used as a mathematical tool to perform the proposed modeling. Utilizing geometry of the manipulator, two coupled trigonometric equations are obtained. Using Bezout's elimination method, the two coupled equations are transformed to one polynomial of degree eight. Finally, an example is given with eight real solutions. Therefore, the degree of the polynomial is minimal and the introduced modeling method is optimal. This is very important to control modelling and dynamics simulation. Also, the proposed method can be extended to the other FSPMs (e.g., 3(RPSP)-S, 3(RPSP)-S and 3(RSS)-S).
NAMING THE ROMAN STARS: CONSTELLATION ETYMOLOGIES IN CICERO'S ARATEA AND DE NATVRA DEORVM
Authors: Bishop Caroline
Published: April 2016

Modern readings of Cicero's reception of Greek culture tend to reflect the way we frame the larger question of Roman reception of Greek culture. In the nineteenth century, and indeed well into the twentieth, when Hellenism was in the ascendant and Latin awarded a decidedly second place, Cicero was often read as a slavish copyist in thrall to the Greek classics. Recent work, however, has emphasized Cicero's sense of control over and entitlement to the cultural capital of this conquered province, and his manipulation of it in ways that position Rome (and himself) as a cultural and intellectual rival to Greece.
MIND YOUR TONGUES: HORACE (WORD)PLAYS APOLLO (CARM. 3.1.1–4)
Authors: Sullivan Michael B.
Published: April 2016

odi profanum uulgus et arceo.fauete linguis: carmina non priusaudita Musarum sacerdosuirginibus puerisque canto.I hate and spurn the unversed crowd.Mind your tongues: songs yet unheardI sing to boys and virgin girls,the Muses' priest.
The Politics of Related Lending
Authors: Halling Michael , Pichler Pegaret , Stomper Alex
Published: April 2016

We analyze the profitability of government-owned banks’ lending to their owners, using a unique data set of relatively homogeneous government-owned banks; the banks are all owned by similarly structured local governments in a single country. Making use of a natural experiment that altered the regulatory and competitive environment, we find evidence that such lending was used to transfer revenues from the banks to the governments. Some of the evidence is particularly pronounced in localities where the incumbent politicians face significant competition for reelection.
Religion, Society and Secular Values
Authors: Charlton William
Published: April 2016

Our paradigm for religion is Christianity, which appeared as a sub-society, the culture of which differed both from Jewish culture and from that of the Greeks and Romans. Human beings are essentially social, depending upon society for all rational thought and activity. As social beings we live with regard to customs we think good on the whole. Customs are rationalised by theoretical and moral beliefs. They contrast with nature and also with convention and habit. Religions, like families, are societies intermediate between individuals and states. So-called secular values concern the same things as religious and have comparable practical consequences.
Two Conceptions of Common-Sense Morality
Authors: Krishna Nakul
Published: April 2016

Many moral philosophers tend to construe the aims of ethics as the interpretation and critique of ‘common-sense morality’. This approach is defended by Henry Sidgwick in his influential The Methods of Ethics and presented as a development of a basically Socratic idea of philosophical method. However, Sidgwick's focus on our general beliefs about right and wrong action drew attention away from the Socratic insistence on treating beliefs as one expression of our wider dispositions.

Understanding the historical contingency of Sidgwick's approach to ethics can help us reflect on whether there are other ways in which modern ethics can be Socratic.
Playing Political Philosophy
Authors: Blattberg Charles
Published: April 2016

Ronald Beiner wants to have it both ways. We know this because, near the end of his book, he tells us that he is a “dualist,” someone for whom “philosophy and citizenship are defined by radically distinct purposes: the job of philosophy is to strive unconditionally for truth, and the job of citizenship is to strive for good and prudent judgment about the common purposes of civic life, and each should focus strictly on fulfilling its own appointed end without worrying too much about the other.” So there needs to be “a steady appreciation of the fundamental chasm between what we (as citizens) need in the world of practice and what we (as human beings) need from the world of theory” (224). This, however, would be abhorrent to most of the political philosophers Beiner covers. Because they are not dualists but monists; to them, theory and practice should be one.
‘Pardon me, I'm very drunk’: alcohol, creativity and performance anxiety in the case of Robert Wyatt
Authors: O'Dair Marcus
Published: April 2016

Robert Wyatt's relationship with alcohol is multifaceted. He acknowledges its deleterious effect on aspects of his personal life, most notably on his relationship with wife and creative partner Alfreda Benge, and he has been teetotal since attending Alcoholics Anonymous in 2007–8. In professional terms, however, Wyatt continues to view alcohol positively: as a means to overcome anxiety as a performer and recording artist and as an aid to writing. From this perspective, the fact that Wyatt has not released a solo album since sobering up may be more than mere coincidence. This paper aims to answer two questions. First, what is the evidence that alcohol can reduce anxiety for a performer and recording artist, and increase creativity for a songwriter? Secondly, what is the evidence that this is so in Wyatt's specific case? In answering these questions, the author will draw on secondary research, as well as interviews conducted with Wyatt and various associated musicians and family members between 2008 and 2013.
‘One bourbon, one scotch, one beer’: alcohol sponsorship at Glasgow Jazz Festival, 1987–2001
Authors: Eales Alison C.
Published: April 2016

This article examines the relationship between music and sponsorship by drinks companies. Glasgow Jazz Festival has taken place annually since 1987 and is the city's longest running music festival. In its early years, the Festival enjoyed both cash and in-kind sponsorship from a wide range of organisations, including breweries and distilleries along with companies specialising in non-alcoholic drinks. In 2015 sponsorship was more difficult to secure, with cash sponsorship proving to be particularly elusive. The article focuses on cash sponsorship from drinks companies from 1987 to 2001, arguing that the decline in this form of sponsorship is a result of a shifting commercial and cultural landscape. Changes in Glasgow's festival calendar have resulted in a crowded marketplace which not only makes it harder for arts organisations to secure funds, but also makes relationships with sponsors more challenging to manage. Meanwhile, legislative and social changes have meant that the role of alcohol in the city's cultural life has been subject to adjustment throughout the Festival's history.
Formation control of networked mobile robots with guaranteed obstacle and collision avoidance — ERRATUM
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Yamchi Mohammad , Mahboobi Esfanjani Reza
Published: April 2016

In the original version of this paper the email of the corresponding author, Reza Mahboobi Esfanjani, was given incorrectly. The correct email is mahboobi@sut.ac.ir.

The publisher apologises for this error.