bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The affective factors influencing students’ speaking ability
Authors: Illyin Illyin , Hanifah Gusti Nur , Yunianti Sofi
Published: March 2021

Considering speaking ability is one of the important abilities that students have to master in learning English. However, most of their speaking ability is low. It is caused by several factors, one of those factors is affective factors (motivation, anxiety, and self-confidence). The research aims to know what affective factors that mostly influence students’ speaking ability. This research applied quantitative design with simple linear regression analysis. The sample of the research is 39 students from two classes X science class and X social class at SMA Muhammadiyah 9 Surabaya. Questionnaire and speaking test used as the instrument of the research. The result of the speaking test showed that the students’ speaking ability is below average. It is proven by the scores of students speaking tests are mostly below the minimal completeness criteria that is said by the school. The result shows that among three affective factors, the most influential factor is self-confidence, and the second influential factor is motivation. Meanwhile anxiety is proven not to influence the students speaking ability. The findings show that the total significant value of motivation is 0,011, anxiety is 0.063, and self-confidence is 0.007. It shows that speaking ability is influenced by motivation and self-confidence, but the result of the regression test shows that anxiety does not influence students' speaking ability even though the data result of anxiety is appropriate with the theory of the research. It can be caused by various aspects such as students’ characteristics, class atmosphere during the speaking test, and teacher attitude. So, the teacher should be fun when setting up the atmosphere of speaking, no pressure, and make students less anxious, so they don’t feel to be tested and to be assessed.
The manifestation of death as seen in Paul Kalanithi’s When Breath Becomes Air: A psychological approach
Authors: Triyoga Arilia , Putri Apriyana Kartika
Published: March 2021

When Breath Becomes Air was written by Paul Kalanithi. Death is the major thing discussed in the novel. This research investigated the manifestation of death in the novel When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi. Perspective and attitude are the manifestation of death. It gives an impact on the main character’s life. The research proves that someone who is dying will experience a change of feeling and develop two attitudes (positive and negative). Negative attitudes include kind’s fear of death, and the positive attitudes are about what makes life worth living in spite of suffering and death anxiety.
Evolução dos livros de culinária brasileiros e sua relação com o cozinhar na contemporaneidade
Authors: Cordeiro Ester Pinter , Fonseca Luíza Reis Amaral , Ribeiro Rita De Cássia , Sathler Márcia Maia
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Publicações culinárias são fontes de materiais de pesquisa cuja avaliação permite identificar hábitos culinários e estudar aspectos culturais, biológicos, econômicos, sociais e de comensalidade de um povo. Objetivo: Com o objetivo de compreender quando e por que a sociedade brasileira contemporânea perdeu progressivamente o hábito de cozinhar suas refeições, adotou-se esse objeto de estudo sob o olhar da Alimentação e Nutrição. Foram selecionados sete autores relevantes da história da culinária brasileira, englobando o período de 1840 a 2019. Método: O estudo abrangeu a leitura técnica, que observou elementos visuais e textuais, conteúdo geral e apresentação das receitas culinárias; a análise geral, identificando proposta e público-alvo de cada livro para contextualização de aspectos socioeconômicos e culturais de cada época; e a análise do conteúdo, que estudou ingredientes, detalhamento das técnicas de preparo, utensílios utilizados e observação das modificações dos hábitos culinários sob a perspectiva da Nutrição. Resultados: Observou-se que as obras mais antigas possuíam menos elementos visuais, menor detalhamento das receitas, menor utilização de produtos industrializados e eletrodomésticos e maior quantidade de receitas por página. A comparação dos conteúdos entre as obras mais antigas e mais recentes, em conjunto com a literatura pertinente, sugere uma redução do hábito de cozinhar, que pode ser percebida pelo maior detalhamento das receitas e maior utilização de recursos visuais, mostrando uma tentativa de simplificar as receitas. Foram percebidas, ainda, alterações importantes no padrão alimentar da população, resultado da perda progressiva do hábito de cozinhar e aumento do consumo de refeições prontas produzidas pela indústria.
Ciclo do Marketing Digital como estratégia para otimizar a comunicação de informações ligadas à alimentação e nutrição, na mídia social Facebook
Authors: Santos Fernanda Ferreira dos , Pinto-e-Silva Maria Elisabeth Machado
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O Facebook é uma das mídias digitais mais utilizadas no mundo, sendo crescente o número de profissionais e instituições da área da saúde que a utilizam para promoção da saúde e autopromoção, porém, de modo intuitivo e sem planejamento. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou observar o impacto do emprego da ferramenta de marketing digital, “Ciclo do Marketing Digital”, em otimizar a comunicação de informações ligadas à alimentação e nutrição, na mídia social Facebook. Método: Foram acompanhadas as métricas (alcance, curtidas na página e em publicações, cliques em publicações, comentários e compartilhamentos) de  publicações efetuadas na página Dietécnica no Facebook em dois períodos distintos; entre 2013 e 2015, sem uso de ferramentas de marketing, e entre 2015 e 2017, com uso da mesma para planejar, produzir, executar e avaliar condutas. Resultados: O emprego da ferramenta contribuiu para a otimização do processo de comunicação de informações relacionadas à alimentação e nutrição, demonstrados pelo incremento de variáveis métricas, como alcance. Conclusão: Esta estratégia pode ser empregada por profissionais e instituições de saúde que buscam ocupar este ambiente para promoção da saúde de modo eficiente. Entretanto seu emprego, e das redes sociais como um todo, deve ser feito a partir do pensamento crítico quanto aos impactos que terá sobre o processo de comunicação em saúde e em sociedade, e como consequência para a promoção da saúde no cenário atual.
Frameworks that guide curriculum development in Australian higher education
Authors: Weber Anthony , Lawson Celeste , Williams Brett
Published: March 2021

Background:

In Australia, accrediting body competencies reflect paramedic professional practice rather than informing curriculum development for higher education institutions.

Purpose:

This article will investigate frameworks that can be used to design curriculum development.

Method:

An initial focused discourse analysis of the grey literature was undertaken followed by a systematic review.

Findings:

Three of the 18 institutions in Australia and New Zealand that offer paramedic education identified some form of framework. Two theories were identified as applicable in supporting the development of curricula that are focused on the expanded scope of practice of paramedicine.

Discussion:

The current and future scope in paramedicine will define the development of curricula, especially in relation to a more primary-focused healthcare model.

Conclusion:

Further research is required to establish a consensus on what constitutes the essential core knowledge and skills required by graduate paramedics so that they are able to deliver patient care proficiently.
Prescribing issues in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: March 2021

Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Treatment of completely displaced distal radial fractures with a straight plaster or manipulation under anaesthesia
Authors: Marson Ben A. , Ng Jimmy W. G. , Craxford Simon , Chell Julian , Lawniczak Dominik , Price Kathryn R. , Ollivere Ben J. , Hunter James B.
Published: March 2021

Aims

The management of completely displaced fractures of the distal radius in children remains controversial. This study evaluates the outcomes of surgical and non-surgical management of ‘off-ended’ fractures in children with at least two years of potential growth remaining.

Methods

A total of 34 boys and 22 girls aged 0 to ten years with a closed, completely displaced metaphyseal distal radial fracture presented between 1 November 2015 and 1 January 2020. After 2018, children aged ten or under were offered treatment in a straight plaster or manipulation under anaesthesia with Kirschner (K-)wire stabilization. Case notes and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate outcomes. In all, 16 underwent treatment in a straight cast and 40 had manipulation under anaesthesia, including 37 stabilized with K-wires.

Results

Of the children treated in a straight cast, all were discharged with good range of mo (ROM). Five children were discharged at six to 12 weeks with no functional limitations at six-month follow-up. A total of 11 children were discharged between 12 and 50 weeks with a normal ROM and radiological evidence of remodelling. One child had a subsequent diaphyseal fracture proximal to the original injury four years after the initial fracture. Re-displacement with angulation greater than 10° occurred for 17 children who had manipulation under anaesthesia. Four had a visible cosmetic deformity at discharge and nine had restriction of movement, with four requiring physiotherapy. One child developed over- granulation at the pin site and one wire became buried, resulting in a difficult retrieval in clinic. No children had pin site infections.

Conclusion

Nonoperative management of completely displaced distal radial fractures in appropriately selected cases results in excellent outcomes without exposing the child to the risks of surgery. This study suggests that nonoperative management of these injuries is a viable and potentially underused strategy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):902–907.
Short Communication: Zooplankton as indicator of trophic status of lakes in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia
Authors: Mashkova Irina V. , Kostryukova Anastasiya , Shchelkanova Elena , Trofimenko Viktor
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Mashkova IV, Kostryukova AM, Shchelkanova EE, Trofimenko VV. 2021. Short Communication: Zooplankton as indicator of trophic status of lakes in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia. Biodiversitas 22: 1448-1455. Zooplankton is a potentially powerful tool for assessing the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems. The current paper studied taxonomic composition and biomass of zooplankton communities in ten lakes within Ilmen State Reserve, Chelyabinsk region, Russia and identified the influence of trophic status on its formation. Integrated samples were taken from epilimnion in the summer of 2016-2019. Several criteria were used to determine trophic status: the taxonomic structure and biomass of zooplankton; some hydroecological indicators some hydroecological indicators and the Carlson index. The trophic status of the studied lakes, determined based on the zooplankton biomass, revealed that most of the lakes were in the status of mesotrophic. The number of zooplankton species in the lakes was 44 with Pleuroxus laevis, Bosmina longirostris, Simocephalus vetulus were the most numerous species in mesotrophic lakes; while Chaetonotus ploenensis, Keratella quadrata frenzeli, Leptodora kindti are rare. Zooplankton communities of Bolshoye Miassovo and Maloye Miassovo Lakes were characterized by high species diversity and considered as one of the most significant among the foothill lakes of the eastern slope of South Ural. The study reveals that hydroecological assessment of the ecological status is not exactly precise, as values are not stable and can change not only under the anthropogenic influence but also due to many natural abiotic environmental factors. The research shows that species composition and biomass of zooplankton communities could provide a more accurate assessment of the trophic status of water-bodies.
Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Soleh Ismail Akhis , RIZAL YOSE , ARMENIA ARMENIA , KASIM ANWAR
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ismail AS, Rizal Y, Kasim A. 2021. Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1474-1480. Gambier liquid by-product (GLB) is a by-product of gambier production, alleged to contain similar flavonoid compounds. Currently, there is no available information on the active components of GLB. This study, therefore, aims to identify the active compounds in GLB using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and screen for active compounds using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupled the mass spectrometry time of flight (LC-MS/MS QTOF) positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) ionization modes. The results of the functional-group identification spectra showed 5 peaks, and the GLB was characterized by a hydroxyl group (OH) at 3423.22 cm-1 wavelength, indicating a phenolic compound. Meanwhile, CO2 was identified at 2360.92 and 2344.84, C=O at 1654.43 and C-H stretching at 1400.26 cm-1 wavelength. LC-MS/MS screening in ESI+ mode identified that the GLB contained 22 active compounds, while the ESI- mode confirmed that the GLB had 14 active compounds. Based on these two ionization modes, nine compounds, quercetin 3-glucoside, gallocatechin-4beta-OI, (-)-epi-afzelechin, quercetin-3-O-(2G-α-Lrhamnosyl)-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, epigallocatechin 3-O-P-coumarate, quercetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl-galactoside) 7-O-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-(4''-acetylrhamnoside) 7-rhamnoside were discovered. Therefore, GLB was discovered to contain 27 active compounds that all of these compounds are flavonoid group, and some of these substances are also present in the gambier product.
Wenn viele Wege aus dem Fenster führen - Konzeptuelle Variation im Bereich von Bewegungsereignissen
Authors: Berthele Raphael
Published: March 2021

In this contribution, different varieties of German (Swiss German dialects, Standard High German) are compared with regard to their conceptual and syntactic elaboration of spatial descriptions. The case study examines a particular scene from the informant's picture-book based narratives, a scene wich refers to a dog climbing onto a window sill and then falling out of the window. The analysis shows considerable variability with respect to the linguistic means used to describe the scene, and the author argues that there are corresponding differences in the cognitive construal of the spatial event. The data show consistently that the Swiss German dialects tend to be more detailed in their elaboration of the path of the moving figure (e.g., the dog can be construed as falling "into" the window "out"), whereas speakers of Standard High German tend to use a generic, semantically and syntactically simpler construction. The analysis of this particular scene is demonstrated to coincide with a generally observable tendency of Swiss German dialects: Within motion verb predicates, the constituents encoding spatial arguments tend to be both syntactically and semantically enriched.
Die Übersetzung des Historischen Lexikons der Schweiz. Ein Unternehmen von sprachpolitischer Bedeutung
Authors: Derron Corbellari Marianne
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the translation of the Swiss Historical Encyclopaedia and is mainly based on the experiences of three collaborators.
The Encyclopaedia is being published simultaneously in the three official languages German, French and Italian as well as in an abbreviated version in Rhaeto-Romance. The multilingual work concept implies considerable administrative planning and reveals terminological obstacles, as the different regions of Switzerland have been exposed to variable historical influences.
The article describes detailed and concrete problems of translating texts on historical topics the difficulties of which are generally underestimated. The translators need not only a solid linguistic knowledge, but also of Swiss and European history from the prehistoric period to present times. Comparing the different versions of the same article is an excellent quality control of the text's linguistic and scientific level.
The fact that the Encyclopaedia is written in the national languages is to strengthen the Swiss consciousness and identity in times where English seems to become the standard communication language. The translators work with traditional methods (including Internet!), but without referring to translation programmes.
Die Prosodie des Schweizerdeutschen - Erkenntnisse aus der sprachsynthetischen Modellierung von Dialekten
Authors: Häsler Katrin , Hove Ingrid , Siebenhaar Beat
Published: March 2021

After a focus on dialectal syntax in the 1990s, an increasing interest in dialectal prosody can be noted at the beginning of the new millennium. The following findings on Swiss German prosody are based on models for a speech synthesis for the dialects of Berne and Zurich. The differences between the dialects appear not only in the phonology of intonation but - analogously to segmental phonetics - also in suprasegmental phonetics. Thus, the focus of the method lies more strongly on global phonetic aspects than on local phonological aspects. In addition to the basic conception of speech synthesis, this article discusses aspects of the analysis and certain areas of the modelling. According to the goals of the research project "Development of basic knowledge for research on Swiss German prosody by means of speech synthesis modelling" from which this paper results, findings are presented in the use of pauses, phrasing, timing aspects and intonation.
A Cross-linguistic Perspective on Questions in German and French Adult Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Chilla Solveig , Bonnesen Matthias
Published: March 2021

Several studies have been conducted to try and understand and explain the morphological and syntactic aspects of adult second language acquisition (SLA). Two prominent hypotheses that have been put forward concerning late L2 speakers' knowledge of inflectional morphology and of related functional categories and their feature values are the Impaired Representation Hypothesis (IRH) and the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (MSIH).
The cross-linguistic comparison of the acquisition of questions in German and French provided in this study offers a new perspective to differences and similarities between first language acquisition (FLA) and adult SLA. Comparing a Germanic and a Romance L2, differing not only in their overall linguistic properties (such as i. e. OV/VO, V2, clitics), but explicitly in the formation and regularities of questions, we present striking similarities in adult SLA, and irrespective of the first and the second languages and of instructed versus non-instructed learning. The investigation of the adult SLA of morphological and structural aspects of questions in French and German strengthens the assumption that the acquisition of morphology and syntax is connected in French and German FLA but is disentangled in adult SLA. Our data reveal variability of question syntax, and with the syntactic position of the verb in particular. Instead of discovering the correct position of the verb at a certain stage of acquisition which can be accounted for by parameter setting in FLA, the adult learners gradually approach the target word order but still exhibit a great deal of variation after several years of exposure to the L2.
The findings provided here contradict the predictions of the MSIH (Prévost/White 2000; Ionin/Wexler 2002; among others), for not only morphological features, but syntactic finiteness of finiteness are problematic in adult SLA, and that the Impairment Representation Hypothesis (IRH) (Beck 1998; Eubank 1993/1994; among others) accounts for these differences in first and second language acquisition. IRH and FDH mirror our findings, by predicting the use of (domain-general) strategies instead of agreement or feature checking mechanisms.
Evaluation of the nutritional, sensory and microbial status of processed and preserved soft cheese types
Authors: Badmos Abdulhameed Abiodun , Adeyemi Kazeem , Yusuff Afolabi , Nabeel Uthman , Yusuf Abdulrashid , Oyedepo Helen , Oyeyinka Samson , Belewu Kafayat , Lawal Olusegun
Published: March 2021

The high nutrient value and the high demand for cheese worldwide has necessitated the adoption of cheese alternatives including Soybean cheese, and different methods of processing it. This study was designed to determine the replacement value of these cheese types by comparing the nutritional, sensory, economic and bacterial attributes of differently processed cheese from cow milk and soybean (cow cheese and soya cheese respectively). Thirty samples each of cow cheese (boiled and fried) and soya cheese (boiled, fried, pepper-coated and egg-coated) constituted six treatments (T1 to T6). The cheese values and bacterial attribute of these six treatments were compared using a Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed that protein was highest in fried soya cheese, then the egg coated soya cheese, but lowest in the pepper coated soya cheese. The sensory values of egg coated soya cheese sample was highest. The pepper coated soya cheese had the highest content of tannins, isoflavones, steroids and phenols, while the fried cow milk cheese had the highest content of alkaloids and terpenoids. The pepper coated soyabean cheese (T5) had lowest bacterial count for the first two days of storage on the shelf. The fried cow cheese (T2) was also low in bacterial count, but highest in cost. The widely prevalent bacteria species in the cheese samples studied include Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus plantarum. It was concluded that the freshly prepared cow cheese supplies calcium and sodium abundantly and is low in anti-nutritive factors, but the nutrients contained depreciates fast with storage while the highly nutritious and acceptable egg coated soya cheese and the phytochemicals-rich pepper coated soyabean cheese are highly recommended as lower cost cheese substitutes to enhance protein supply and bioavailability.
Gastric dilatation and volvulus (bloat) - A case report and mini review of literature
Authors: Elangovan Kalaiselvan , Shivaramu Shivaraju , Maiti Swapan K. , Padmanabha Sunil K.S. , Mohan Divya
Published: March 2021

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is a progressing bloat condition in dogs characterized as dilatation followed by rotation of stomach. A sevenyear old 18 kg black colour female non-descriptive dog presented, with history of difficulty in respiration within half an hour after feeding of curd meals. With the history and general clinical examination the case tentatively diagnosed as gastric dilatation. After unsuccessful advancement of oro-gastric tube, needle gastric paracentesis was performed on left side of the abdomen caudal to the last rib for decompression. Mid-ventral celiotomy and gastrotomy were performed after stabilization of heart rate and respiratory rate. After evacuating the whitish frothy content from the stomach, derotation and incisional gastropexy was performed. On 14thpostoperative day telecommunication confirmed the milk based meal induced GDV canine patient recovered uneventfully. Electrocardiogram monitoring done for first 24 hours period and ventricular arrhythmia was managed by using lidocaine (loading@2mg/ kg bw followed by 25mcg/kg/min for 30 min). It is concluded that on 14th postoperative day telecommunication confirmed the milk based meal induced GDV canine patient recovered uneventfully.
Visible wide-angle view imaging system for the first plasma on the HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Liu L. , He X. F. , Yu D. L. , Shi Z. B. , Lu J. , Xia F. , Zheng D. L. , Zhang N. , He X. X. , Wei Y. L. , Zang L. G. , Yang Z. C. , Yan L. W. , Liu Yi , Yang Q. W.
Published: March 2021

The wide-angle view imaging system, in terms of a tangential view diagnostic with field of view (FOV) of 56.8° and a downward-looking diagnostic from the top of the machine with FOV of 94.7°, has been newly constructed for the first plasma of the HL-2M tokamak achieved in December 2020. Its mission in this stage is to monitor the plasma evolution during its startup, sustainment, and disruption in the visible spectral range as well as the plasma–wall interaction. For the latter ultrawide view diagnostic, nearly three-quarters of the divertor region and half the area of the inner wall are in the view range. Both the diagnostics are characterized by a similar optical structure, i.e., the light emission from the plasma is collected by a front-end lens and transferred through an imaging fiber bundle to the camera. This optical structure is suitable for application in the complex tokamak environment mainly because the fiber bundle is flexible. Photos of glow discharges are acquired prior to the first plasma for testing the FOVs in the vacuum vessel. The spatial resolution is

∼

4

m
m

for the tangential view diagnostic and

∼

10

m
m

for the downward-looking diagnostic. The temporal resolutions, ranging from 90 to 360 Hz by changing the region of interest or binning acquisition mode of the color camera, are applied to record the plasma evolutions and/or dust creation events during the first plasma campaign.
Large-area, high-numerical-aperture multi-level diffractive lens via inverse design: comment
Authors: Lalanne Philippe , Chavel Pierre
Published: March 2021

The memorandum [Optica 7, 252
(2020).OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.388697; Optica 7,
1323 (2020).OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.408579] is devoted to the
design, fabrication, and characterization of an optimized multi-level
diffractive lens, emphasizing the advantages of the multi-level
approach compared to the metalens approach. While such advantages may
well exist, we feel that a number of statements in the memorandum
require clarification. We add some references on multi-level
diffractive lens optimization that place the memorandum’s
contributions in a more complete context.
Aggregation of Aβ40/42 chains in the presence of cyclic neuropeptides investigated by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wu Min , Dorosh Lyudmyla , Schmitt-Ulms Gerold , Wille Holger , Stepanova Maria
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the formation of toxic aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Despite tremendous efforts, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aggregation, as well as cofactors that might influence it, remains incomplete. The small cyclic neuropeptide somatostatin-14 (SST14) was recently found to be the most selectively enriched protein in human frontal lobe extracts that binds Aβ42aggregates. Furthermore, SST14’s presence was also found to promote the formation of toxic Aβ42oligomersin vitro. In order to elucidate how SST14influences the onset of Aβ oligomerization, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of model mixtures of Aβ42or Aβ40peptides with SST14molecules and analyzed the structure and dynamics of early-stage aggregates. For comparison we also analyzed the aggregation of Aβ42in the presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP), a different cyclic neuropeptide. We observed the formation of self-assembled aggregates containing the Aβ chains and small cyclic peptides in all mixtures of Aβ42–SST14, Aβ42–AVP, and Aβ40–SST14. The Aβ42–SST14mixtures were found to develop compact, dynamically stable, but small aggregates with the highest exposure of hydrophobic residues to the solvent. Differences in the morphology and dynamics of aggregates that comprise SST14or AVP appear to reflect distinct (1) regions of the Aβ chains they interact with; (2) propensities to engage in hydrogen bonds with Aβ peptides; and (3) solvent exposures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. The presence of SST14was found to impede aggregation in the Aβ42–SST14system despite a high hydrophobicity, producing a stronger “sticky surface” effect in the aggregates at the onset of Aβ42–SST14oligomerization.
An antibody targeting type III secretion system induces broad protection against Salmonella and Shigella infections
Authors: Sierocki Raphaël , Jneid Bakhos , Orsini Delgado Maria Lucia , Plaisance Marc , Maillère Bernard , Nozach Hervé , Simon Stéphanie
Published: March 2021

Salmonella and Shigella bacteria are food- and waterborne pathogens that are responsible for enteric infections in humans and are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the emerging countries. The existence of multiple Salmonella and Shigella serotypes as well as the emergence of strains resistant to antibiotics requires the development of broadly protective therapies. Recently, the needle tip proteins of the type III secretion system of these bacteria were successfully utilized (SipD for Salmonella and IpaD for Shigella) as vaccine immunogens to provide good prophylactic cross-protection in murine models of infections. From these experiments, we have isolated a cross-protective monoclonal antibody directed against a conserved region of both proteins. Its conformational epitope determined by Deep Mutational Scanning is conserved among needle tip proteins of all pathogenic Shigella species and Salmonella serovars, and are well recognized by this antibody. Our study provides the first in vivo experimental evidence of the importance of this common region in the mechanism of virulence of Salmonella and Shigella and opens the way to the development of cross-protective therapeutic agents.
Modifications of the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts by chemical treatments for a short duration
Authors: Inoue Tomoya , Kanda Keiichi , Yamanami Masashi , Kami Daisuke , Gojo Satoshi , Yaku Hitoshi
Published: March 2021

In vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts constructed in the subcutaneous spaces of graft recipients have functioned well clinically. Because the formation of vascular graft tissues depends on several recipient conditions, chemical pretreatments, such as dehydration by ethanol (ET) or crosslinking by glutaraldehyde (GA), have been attempted to improve the initial mechanical durability of the tissues. Here, we compared the effects of short-duration (10 min) chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of tissues. Tubular tissues (internal diameter, 5 mm) constructed in the subcutaneous tissues of beagle dogs (4 weeks, n = 3), were classified into three groups: raw tissue without any treatment (RAW), tissue dehydrated with 70% ET (ET), and tissue crosslinked with 0.6% GA (GA). Five mechanical parameters were measured: burst pressure, suture retention strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ultimate strain (%), and Young’s modulus. The tissues were also autologously re-embedded into the subcutaneous spaces of the same dogs for 4 weeks (n = 2) for the evaluation of histological responses. The burst pressure of the RAW group (1275.9 ± 254.0 mm Hg) was significantly lower than those of ET (2115.1 ± 262.2 mm Hg, p = 0.0298) and GA (2570.5 ± 282.6 mm Hg, p = 0.0017) groups. Suture retention strength, UTS or the ultimate strain did not differ significantly among the groups. Young’s modulus of the ET group was the highest (RAW: 5.41 ± 1.16 MPa, ET: 12.28 ± 2.55 MPa, GA: 7.65 ± 1.18 MPa, p = 0.0185). No significant inflammatory tissue response or evidence of residual chemical toxicity was observed in samples implanted subcutaneously for four weeks. Therefore, short-duration ET and GA treatment might improve surgical handling and the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular tissues to produce ideal grafts in terms of mechanical properties without interfering with histological responses.
Prevalence and distribution of multilocus sequence types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk and cows with mastitis in Pennsylvania
Authors: Thomas Asha , Chothe Shubhada , Byukusenge Maurice , Mathews Tammy , Pierre Traci , Kariyawasam Subhashinie , Luley Erin , Kuchipudi Suresh , Jayarao Bhushan
Published: March 2021

A total of 163 S. aureus isolates; 113 from mastitic milk (MM) and 50 from bulk tank milk (BTM) (2008, 2013–2015) submitted for bacteriologic analysis at the Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory were examined for their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis identified 16 unique sequence types (STs) which belonged to eight clonal complexes (CCs). Majority of the isolates were variants of CC97 (68.7%) and CC151 (25.1%). CC97 comprised of seven STs, of which two were new STs (ST3273, ST3274), while CC151 comprised of three STs of which ST3272 was identified for the first time. Several farms had more than one ST type that were either members of the same clonal complex or unrelated STs. On one farm, six different STs of both categories were seen over the years within the farm. It was observed that ST352 and ST151 were the two main clonal populations in cattle not only in Pennsylvania but also globally. Most isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics evaluated. 6.7% of isolates showed resistance to vancomycin and penicillin. Two isolates of ST398 showed multidrug resistance (>3 antibiotics) against clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin. It was noted that 59 of 163 (36.2%) isolates encoded for enterotoxigenic genes. Enterotoxin genes seg/sei accounted for ~85% of enterotoxin positive isolates. Toxic shock syndrome gene tsst-1 alone was positive in two isolates (ST352, ST 2187). 97.5% of CC151 isolates were enterotoxin seg/sei positive. Most isolates were positive for lukED (95%) and lukAB (96.3%) leukotoxin genes. Bovine specific bi-component leucocidin lukMF’ was present in 54% of isolates. A prominent observation of this study was the explicit association of lukMF’ with lineages ST151 and ST352. In conclusion, the findings of the study, suggest that small number of S. aureus STs types (ST352, ST2187, ST3028, and ST151) are associated with majority of cases of bovine mastitis in Pennsylvania dairy farms. It was observed that one ST of S. aureus predominated in the herd and this ST can coexist with several other ST types of S. aureus strains. When STs were interpreted along with virulence, leucocidin genes and antimicrobial resistance, ST-variants allowed better interpretation of the S. aureus molecular epidemiologic findings specifically for tracing recurrence or persistence of infections in cow over time, among cows in the herd, and between herds in Pennsylvania.
Percepción de familias y docentes sobre la modalidad de educación a distancia implantada en la Comunidad de Madrid durante la crisis por COVID-19
Authors: Martín Arántzazu de las Morenas
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo de investigación analiza el proceso que ha seguido la educación en la etapa de Primaria en la modalidad a distancia implantada, temporalmente, en la Comunidad de Madrid, a consecuencia de la crisis por Covid-19, desde la perspectiva de las familias y docentes de centros públicos, concertados y no concertados. La investigación se ha planteado haciendo llegar un cuestionario a las familias con hijos e hijas en Educación Primaria, consiguiendo una muestra de 120 respuestas y realizando entrevistas a dos docentes de diferente nivel educativo en la etapa señalada. Con los resultados obtenidos del cuestionario se ha realizado un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, a través de un análisis estadístico mediante SPSS, obteniendo información a partir del cruce de variables. El análisis cualitativo del contenido de las entrevistas se ha llevado a cabo mediante un sistema categorial mixto que ha permitido preestablecer categorías previas de las que se han extraído otras emergentes relacionadas con los aspectos de estudio. Los resultados muestran que una gran mayoría de alumnos ha continuado su educación de forma virtual, aunque el acceso a internet de las familias y su disponibilidad de recursos digitales para continuar con el aprendizaje desde casa se ha visto influido por su nivel económico. Además, los docentes evidencian un cambio de modalidad marcado por la ansiedad y la descoordinación, y la necesidad de replantear el sistema educativo español a partir de una digitalización que supla las carencias detectadas.
Kinek a feladata (lenne) a társadalmi innováció erősítése
Authors: Szűcsné Markovics Klára
Published: March 2021

Jelen tanulmány egy 2018-as kérdőíves felmérés eredményeire alapozva arra keresi a választ,
hogy a hazai vállalkozások hogyan viszonyulnak a társadalmi problémákhoz, illetőleg azok
megoldásához. Az eredmények alapján a vezetők fele úgy gondolja, hogy a vállalatoknak csak
azokkal a társadalmi problémákkal kell foglalkozniuk, amelyeket ők maguk idéztek elő. A
válaszadó vezetők háromnegyede szerint a társadalmi innováció elsősorban az állam és az
önkormányzatok feladata, hasonló arányban vannak azok, akik szerint a nonprofit szféra és a
társadalmi vállalkozások feladata, és csak a vezetők fele véli úgy, hogy elsősorban a vállalati,
üzleti szféra feladata. A válaszadók döntő többsége ugyanakkor egyetért azzal, hogy a
társadalmi innováció sikere érdekében szükség van az egyes szereplők, úgy mint az állami,
vállalati, üzleti, nonprofit és civil szféra összefogására.
A hazai méztermelés helyzete és változása 2000 és 2017 között
Authors: Oravecz Titanilla , Mucha László , Totth Gedeon , Illés Bálint Csaba
Published: March 2021

A méhészet a gazdaság bruttó termelési értékéhez való hozzájárulásán, az ökológiai egyensúly fenntartásán és a biológiai sokféleség megőrzésén túl, Magyarországon több, mint húsz ezer család megélhetését biztosítja kiegészítő vagy fő jövedelemforrásként, így az ágazat közvetve hozzájárul a vidék népességmegtartó képességéhez. A méhészet fontos pillére a nemzeti fejlődésnek, a biodiverzitás megőrzésében is meghatározó szerepe van. Mindezek ellenére a méhészeti ágazat helyzetével kapcsolatban kevés információ áll a rendelkezésünkre, mind közgazdasági és termelési tényezők, mind értékesítési adatok tekintetében, amelyek hátrányosan érintik a szektor szereplőit az ágazati problémák feltárása és fejlesztési lehetőségei tekintetében. Jelen tanulmány célja a hazai méztermelés helyzetének és változásának bemutatása 2000 és 2017 között.
Az Airbnb szállásárait meghatározó tényezők a Balaton turisztikai régióban
Authors: Dudás Gábor , Boros Lajos , Vida György
Published: March 2021

Az elmúlt évtizedben a peer-to-peer elven működő online szállásmegosztó platformok (pl. Airbnb, HomeAway stb.) a turizmus egyik legfontosabb szereplőjévé váltak komoly versenytársat teremtve a hagyományos szállásadó szektornak. Ennek következtében az online szállásmegosztó platformokon hirdetett szállások árképzésének megértése mind gyakorlati, mind elméleti szempontból kritikus jelentőségűvé vált. Tanulmányunk célja annak a vizsgálata, hogy a különféle szállástulajdonságok és szolgáltatások, hogyan, és milyen mértékben befolyásolják az Airbnb-n kiadott szállások árait. Kutatásunk során lineáris és kvantilis regressziót alkalmaztunk a 2417 elemből álló mintánkon, amelyet a Balaton Turisztikai Régió településeiről gyűjtöttünk le web-scraping technológia alkalmazásával. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy az ingatlanok tulajdonságai (pl. férőhelyek száma, fürdőszobaszám, stb.) jelentősen befolyásolják az Airbnb árait, bár ezeknek a hatásoknak a nagysága nagyon változatos és összetett képet mutat.
A lengyel export technológiai igényessége
Authors: Czarny Elżbieta , Folfas Paweł , Molendowski Edward
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány célja a lengyel áruexport 2004 és 2017 közötti változása elemzése eredményeinek a bemutatása, különös figyelemmel technológiai igényességére Az elemzés tárgya a lengyel kivitel nagyságának, valamint földrajzi- és áruszerkezetének változása. Ez a tanulmány megmutatja, mennyire sikerül Lengyelországnak felzárkóznia az Európai Unió vezető gazdaságaihoz, és mennyire messze van tőlük gazdaságilag. Az elemzést azzal az évvel kezdjük, amelyikbenr Lengyelország csatlakozott az Európai Unióhoz, és azzal az évvel fejezzük be, amelyről statisztikai adatok állnak rendelkezésre. A tanulmány korlátozott terjedelme miatt az áruk exportjára összpontosítunk, nem véve figyelembe a szolgáltatások exportját. Lemondunk az import elemzéséről is, csak arra korlátozzuk a vizsgálatát, hogyan változott a kereskedelmi mérleg egyenlege, amely – közvetett módon – megmutatja a lengyel export helyzetét.
Cluster Headache - Incidence and Its Association with Age, Gender and Triggers
Authors: Suresh Abinayaah , Narendran Gitanjali , Paramasivan Sambandhan Alandur , Lakshmanasamy Haribalan
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Cluster headache is an unusual but particularly painful and crippling primary headache disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 making study of the disease process a difficult task to master. These headaches are always unilateral characterised by recurrent short-lasting attacks of 15 - 180 minutes associated with ipsilateral autonomic signs. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, and it continues to be managed sub optimally as the chance of coming across such a condition is few and far between. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of cluster headache in a hospital population and study its association with age, gender and triggers. METHODS This is a cross sectional study of a total of 100 patients attending our Otorhinolaryngology department from June 2017 to June 2018 at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital & Research Centre with primary complaints of headache. Prior ethical committee clearance was obtained. Patients with chronic debilitating illness, chronic rhino sinusitis, headache following trauma or the presence of fever or any other acute illness were excluded from this study. The results were interpreted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. RESULTS Out of the total number of 100 patients with headache, only one patient, a 40-yearold male was diagnosed with cluster headache. CONCLUSIONS Hence, we conclude that the incidence of cluster headache in the total of 100 patients is only 1 % which makes it a quite rare condition. Diagnosis is clinical, hence effective history taking is mandatory. KEY WORDS Cluster Headache, Primary Headache, Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia, Cluster Attacks
A kapitalista vállalat gazdaságtörténeti és vállalatelméleti magyarázatai: áttekintés és kritika
Authors: Kapás Judit
Published: March 2021

A kapitalista vállalat első formája a gyárüzem (factory) volt, amely az angol ipari forradalom nyomán fejlődött ki és terjedt el. A gyárüzem kialakulására vonatkozó magyarázatok két, egymástól elkülönült diszciplína, a gazdaságtörténet és a vállalatelmélet keretében fejlődtek. A tanulmány bemutatja ezeket az elméleteket, majd kritikájukon keresztül a történeti vállalatelmélet szükségessége mellett érvel. A történeti vállalatelméleti perspektíva a gyárüzem tanulmányozása során nemcsak abban segít, hogy magyarázatot adjunk arra, miért alakult ki a kapitalista vállalat, de abban is, hogy feltárjuk a kapitalista vállalat megkülönböztető jegyét. A tanulmány felvázolja e megközelítés kereteit is.
Kutatás a közbeszerzési korrupcióról
Authors: Papanek Gábor
Published: March 2021

A GKI Gazdaságkutató Zrt. a Közbeszerzések Tanácsa (KT) megbízásából 2008–2009-ben kutatást végzett a hazai közbeszerzések területén kialakult korrupcióról. A cikkben a vizsgálatok néhány, a vállalati szféra számára fontos eredményét mutatja be a szerző. Kiemeli, hogy a közbeszerzési korrupció mai gyakorisága a társadalom számára elfogadhatatlan mértékű károkat okoz, s a visszaélésekben részt vevő cégek számára is veszélyes, majd áttekinti a védekezés főbb lehetőségeit.
Twenty-First Century Middle Schooling in New York: Teachers Share Experiences and Perspectives on Remote Teaching and Learning Early in the Global Pandemic
Authors: Stacki Sandra , Bay Zerin , FlynnDavis Andrew , Hermann Jessica
Published: March 2021

In early 2020, the Covid-19 virus hit many places, including New York City, with such a force that nobody could have foreseen the events following its spread. The education system was pushed to transition itself to meet with 21st century technology. This study explores this disruption in the education system and how middle school teachers in several New York counties responded. What are middle school teachers’ perspectives and practices during the rapid switch to remote teaching? Professor and graduate students in a Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment class on middle level schooling designed the interview protocol focused on five related areas of the remote learning endeavor: 1) Preparation, 2) Teaching, Learning, and Participation, 3) Social and Emotional effects on Students, 4) Monitoring and Assessment, 5) Looking forward. The findings demonstrate a primarily reactive response and limited preparation. Teachers express a mixed review of successes and struggles with online teaching and the challenges of engagement, participation, and meeting the social emotional needs of restless students who sometimes do not have the parent support or the technological devices that could further assist their success with online learning. Each teacher had their own unique experiences and challenges teaching students through a computer screen.
Technical feasibility of conventional and nonconventional vegetables’ intercropping under organic fertilization
Authors: Telles Camila Cembrolla , Junqueira Ana Maria Resende , Fukushi Yumi Kamila de Mendonça
Published: March 2021

This work aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of lettuce, Indian spinach and taro intercropping under organic fertilizer. The experiment was performed at Água Limpa Farm, belonging to the University of Brasília, located in Brasília - DF, from October 2014 to June 2015. A completely randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used. Each experimental plot had 18 m2 (4.5 m x 4.0 m), totaling 28 plots. The following treatments were assessed: lettuce monoculture, Indian spinach monoculture, taro monoculture, lettuce/Indian spinach intercropping, lettuce/taro intercropping, Indian spinach/taro intercropping, and lettuce/Indian spinach/taro intercropping. In all treatments, the following spacings were used: 0.25 x 0.25 m (lettuce), 1.0 x 0.6 m (Indian spinach), and 1.0 x 0.3 m (taro). Crop production was evaluated from sample plants taken from the central part of each plot. Two harvests of lettuce, two of Indian spinach and one of taro were carried out during intercropping.  In the first cycle, lettuce highest mean yield values were observed in the lettuce monoculture (3.5 kg m-2) and lettuce/Indian spinach intercropping (3.4 kg m-2). The crop reached the commercial size in both production cycles, except when intercropped with Indian spinach in the second cycle. The highest Indian spinach mean fresh mass was recorded in the lettuce/Indian spinach intercropping (974.7 g plant-1; first harvest) and monoculture (327.5 g plant-1; second harvest). The yield of taro rhizomes was significantly higher when intercropped with lettuce, showing a mean value of 16.8 kg m-2. The intercropping arrangements with lettuce increased yield of nonconventional vegetables. The conventional and nonconventional vegetables’ intercropping technique increased species diversity in the area without interfering in the agronomic performance and quality of the crops.