bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Indigenous health research capacity in northern Ontario through distributed community engaged medical education at NOSM: A qualitative evaluation of the community engagement through research pilot program
Authors: Maar Marion , Boesch Lisa , Tobe Sheldon
Published: December 2019

Background: The Community Engagement Through Research (CETR) program matches Indigenous communities interested in exploring their own health research questions with NOSM learners seeking experience in health services research, supervised by faculty experienced in community-based participatory research.Methods: Qualitative research was conducted using key informant interviews to examine outcomes of the matching of medical students with Indigenous distributed medical education (DME) communities in NOSM’s distributed curriculum, in particular improvements for capacity for Indigenous health research in Northern Ontario.Results: Interviews showed that community-centred research was appreciated by community, students and faculty and the social accountability aspect was acknowledged.  Students and community members found meaning in the immediate applicability of the research to real community problems and felt inspired by it. The challenges that were identified were mainly related to time and resource constraints, including providing sufficient research training for learners, and the time period required for research ethics board approvals.  Conclusions: The program successfully brought together communities interested in conducting their own health research, with medical students interested in learning about and conducting health research with Indigenous communities. It is therefore an example of successful community based participatory research supporting the social accountability mandate. Challenges are mainly administrative in nature. The program has the potential to be scalable and financially sustainable.
Evaluation of an evidence-based medicine educational intervention in a regional medical campus
Authors: Levesque Mylene , Gauthier-Boudreau Janie , Gagnon Paul , Bertulies-Esposito Bastian , Hatcher Sharon , Gagnon Louis
Published: December 2019

Background: Enhanced educational activities were developed by a regional medical campus (RMC) in order to incorporate evidence-based medicine (EBM) practice in the learning process of medical students. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of these activities.Methods: The experimental group was made up of third-year students from the RMC. The comparison group included students from the main campus of the medical school and another of its RMCs. The experimental group received additional training on EBM: one additional hour in class, plus skills development exercises throughout the semester. During the regular academic sessions, clinical questions requiring EBM literature searching skills were incorporated in the curriculum. Tests on knowledge and self-assessment of competencies were administered to all participants at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests for within and between groups comparison.Results: The Friedman test demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the intervention on knowledge (p <0.0001). The score of the knowledge test was significantly higher for the experimental group, when compared with baseline testing and with the comparison group (p <0.0001). Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the score of the self-assessment of competencies (p=0.032). The score for the self-assessment of competencies was significantly higher for the experimental group when compared to baseline score (p <0.0001), but not with respect to the comparison group.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of additional training and longitudinal integrated skills development leading to an increase in medical student knowledge and self-perception of competencies in EBM practice.
Correlation Between Hand Ischemia Questionnaire and Peak Systolic Velocity of Radial Artery and Ulnar Artery in Hemodialysis Patients with Upper Arm Native Fistula Arteriovenosa
Authors: Karundeng Billy Stephanus , Muradi Akhmadu , Kekalih Aria
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Steal syndrome that occurs due to vascular access is one of the most feared complications after making a fistula arteriovenous (FAV). It is necessary to develop an assessment for early detection. Hand ischemia questionnaire (HIQ) and measurement of peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the radial artery and the ulnar artery are a form of subjective and objective examinations used to detect steal syndrome. The aim is to determine the correlation between HIQ and PSV of the radial artery and ulnar artery in hemodialysis patients with upper arm’s native FAV to detect symptoms of steal syndrome.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital from March to May 2019. Patients undergoing hemodialysis using upper arm native access FAV with or without symptoms of ischemia in the hands were included. Patients were asked to fill HIQ by interview, and then continued with measurement of PSV of the radial arteries and distal ulnar arteries from the hands with FAV.

Results: A total of 80 samples were taken with 43 were women (53.8%), and 37 were men (46.2%). About 91.2% of the samples were FAV at the brachiocephalic level. The median age of the samples was 53 years. From the total HIQ score obtained, the results were a minimum of 0, maximum of 70, and a median value of 3. PSV of radial artery were minimum of 20 cm/s, maximum of 79 cm/s, and median 40 cm/s. The minimum PSV of the ulnar artery was 16 cm/s, the maximum was 70 cm/s, and the median was 41 cm/s. There was a significant correlation between the hand ischemia questionnaire and the peak systolic velocity of the radial artery and the ulnar artery in patients with native upper arm FAV (p <0.001), but after diagnostic testing, it was found that sensitivity was only 15% and specificity was 100%.

Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between hand ischemia questionnaire and peak systolic velocity of the radial artery and ulnar artery in patients with upper arm native FAV, but due to the low sensitivity, the hand ischemia questionnaire cannot be used as an initial examination to detect steal syndrome in patients with no symptoms of hand ischemia.

Keywords: steal syndrome, Peak Systolic Velocity, Hand Ischemia Questionnaire.
V-Possum Score as a Predictor of 30-Day Post-Mortality of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair – Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Procedure in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Mulyantara Irwan , Suhartono Raden , Kekalih Aria
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study aims to know the performance of the Vascular – Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (V-POSSUM) score as a predictor of 30-day mortality after the Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) – Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) procedure in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (TAA) patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from medical records. Data were taken according to the variables contained in the V-POSSUM scoring system in the patient who undergone EVAR – TEVAR procedure, on the period of 2013 to July 2018.

Results: The study involved 85 patients who met the study requirements. It was known that physiological scores, morbidity risk, and mortality risk could be used as a model to predict mortality outcomes because they had good accuracy and discrimination performance, while the severity of the operation score cannot. The result of the goodness of fit model’s physiological score, morbidity risk, and mortality risk was significant (p <0.001), while the severity score of the operation was 0.18 (p >0.05). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 94%, 93%, 93%, with the cut points at 31, 68.8, and 10.6 for the physiological score, morbidity risk, and mortality risk, respectively.

Conclusion: The V-POSSUM score had good accuracy and discrimination for the physiological score, morbidity risk, and mortality risk.

Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm, EVAR, TEVAR, V-POSSUM score, validation
Correlation of Hand Ischemic Questionnaire with Digital Brachial Index In Patient with Upper Arm Native Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Suhartono Raden , Sofiar Muhammad Relly , Kekalih Aria
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Steal syndrome is one of the most feared complications in maintaining arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. The incidence of steal syndrome in worldwide is estimated to be 0.5-5%. There are various non-invasive examinations to assess the degree of stealing, one of which is the digital brachial index (DBI). In this study, subjects with brachiocephalic AVF were assessed by the hand ischemic questionnaire (HIQ) to assess the manifestations of steal syndrome complained by the patient, which are the sensation of cold, pain, the decrease in sensation and strength, and cramps. The literature about the correlation of DBI with other assessment is still limited.

Method: The subjects of this study were all patients undergoing hemodialysis with upper arm AVF at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the period May – June 2019. Patients will be asked about various symptoms of stealing syndrome, the severity, and also frequency, according to HIQ. The scores were then calculated, followed by scores of DBI measurements using a plethysmograph. The DBI values that considered to be meaningful as stealing syndrome were <0.6. The correlation between the two parameters was then analyzed.

Results: From demographic data, characteristics of patients with native AVF by sex were 37 (46.2%) men and 43 (53.8%) women with an average age of 53 years. The minimum value of the HIQ score was 0, and the maximum value was 70, with a median value of 3. The correlation test between the total value of the HIQ questionnaire score and the DBI value found a significant correlation (r = -0.0798, p <0.001). A diagnostic tests was performed between HIQ scores using a cut-off value ≥50 with a DBI value <0.6 as a reference. It was obtained a sensitivity value of 15.3% and a specificity value of 100%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 58.75%.

Conclusion: There was a good correlation between HIQ and DBI in patients undergoing hemodialysis using upper arm native AVF. The use of HIQ as a screening tool in native upper arm AVF patients is less recommended, but its use for patients who are suggestive of stealing syndrome has good specificity results.

Keywords: digital brachial index, hand ischemic questionnaire, native arteriovenous fistula upper arm.
Aplikasi MIP Poli Vinil Alkohol (PVA)-Fe3O4 dalam Pengembangan Sensor Diazinon dan Monosodium Glutamat
Authors: Ramadani Dhody Pazar , Prasetya Desta Enggar Dwi , Krisnaniningrum Elvian Eka , Mulyasuryani Ani
Published: December 2019

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) dari poli vinil alkohol (PVA)-Fe3O4 telah dikembangkan sebagai reseptor pada sensor kimia untuk diazinon dan monosodium glutamat (MSG). MIP dibuat dari PVA menggunakan glutaraldehid sebagai crosslinker dan asam sitrat sebagai katalis. Reseptor adalah suatu template yang disesuaikan dengan sensornya; template diazinon untuk sensor diazinon dan template MSG untuk sensor MSG. Reseptor MIP PVA-Fe3O4 dilapiskan pada permukaan elektroda karbon tipe screen printed (SPE). Pada penelitian ini, telah dipelajari pengaruh asam sitrat dan glutaraldehid terhadap pembentukan MIP. Dipelajari juga pengaruh kadar diazinon dan MSG terhadap kinerja masing-masing sensor. Kadar diazinon dalam reseptor yang dipelajari adalah 0,01; 0,02; dan 0,03%, sedangkan kadar MSG adalah 0,5; 0,9; dan 4,5%. Berdasarkan spektrum FTIR, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada MIP PVA-glutaraldehid terdapat gugus fungsi C-O yang menunjukkan adanya ikatan silang antara PVA dan glutaraldehid; sedangkan pada MIP PVA-asam sitrat tidak menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi tersebut. Kinerja sensor diazinon dan MSG dipengaruhi oleh kadar/jumlah template dalam reseptor. Kinerja optimum sensor dihasilkan pada membran reseptor masing-masing adalah diazinon 0,02 %, dan MSG 0,5 %. Kepekaan sensor diazinon adalah  33,8 mV/dekade pada pH 2, dalam buffer fosfat-KCl, rentang konsentrasi 10-5-10-12 M, dan waktu respon 150 detik. Kepekaan sensor MSG adalah 33,25 mV/dekade pada kisaran konsentrasi 10-5-10-1 M,  dalam pH 5 dan waktu respon 180 detik.
Pengaruh Elektrolit Terhadap Sinyal Pada Sensor Pestisida
Authors: Mustaghfiroh Afifah Muhimmatul , Ramadani Dhody Pazar , Mulyasuryani Ani
Published: December 2019

Telah diteliti pengaruh elektrolit terhadap sinyal sensor pestisida menggunakan sensor diazinon dan sensor klorpirifos. Sensor menggunakan reseptor molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) poli vinil alkohol (PVA)-Fe3O4. Komposisi reseptor MIP PVA-Fe3O4 untuk sensor diazinon adalah PVA 70,19 %; Fe3O4 1,72 %; glutaraldehid 12,48 %; asam sitrat 15,59 % dan diazinon 0,02 %. Komposisi reseptor MIP PVA-Fe3O4 untuk sensor klorpirifos adalah PVA 82,8 %; Fe3O4 0,5%; glutaraldehid 7,4 %; asam sitrat 9,2 % dan klorpirifos 0,1 %. Reseptor dilapiskan pada permukaan screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Besaran sinyal yang terbaca adalah potensial listrik dimana pembacaannya dibandingkan terhadap Ag/AgCl. Pengukuran diazinon dilakukan pada pH 2 dan pH 6 untuk klorpirifos, keduanya dalam HCl, buffer fosfat dan buffer fosfat-KCl. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis elektrolit berpengaruh terhadap penurunan sinyal. Penurunan sinyal menyebabkan peningkatan kepekaan sensor. Kepekaan dari sensor diazinon adalah 33,8 mV/dekade pada pH 2, dalam buffer fosfat-KCl, rentang konsentrasi 10-5-10-12 M, dan waktu respon 150 detik. Kepekaan sensor klorpirifos adalah 24 mV/dekade pada pH 6, dalam buffer fosfat, rentang konsentrasi 10-6-10-13 M,  dan waktu respon 150 detik.
Pengaruh Penambahan Oksidatoor Pada Proses Pelindian Oksidatif Konsentrat Galena
Authors: Suryana  , Milandia Anistasia , Elwadi Amreza
Published: December 2019

Kebutuhan logam timbal di dalam negeri saat ini masih cukup besar, namun tidak diimbangi dengan kemampuan industri pemurnian timbal domestik. Sumber daya bijih timbal yang tersedia di Indonesia cukup besar sehingga memberikan peluang untuk pembangunan proses pengolahan timbal. Proses pemurnian timbal baik dari sumber mineral maupun daur ulang dari komponen aki bekas hingga saat ini umumnya menggunakan jalur pirometalurgi yang memberikan dampak buruk pada lingkungan, sehingga jalur hidro-elektro metalurgi menjadi solusi. Penelitian ini mencakup pemurnian timbal melalui proses hidrometalurgi dengan melakukan pelindian oksidatif konsentrat galena dalam media asam flosilikat dengan menggunakan oksidator berupa hidrogen peroksida dan timbal oksida (PbO2) dari katoda aki bekas. Penentuan parameter operasi pelindian seperti fraksi ukuran partikel konsentrat galena, jumlah penambahan oksidator PbO2 dari katoda aki bekas, kecepatan agitasi, temperatur pelindian, dan persentase padatan operasi pelindian dilakukan untuk menekan konsumsi reagen sehingga dicapai proses pelindian yang efisien. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses pelindian dengan memvariasikan penambahan Oksidator PbO2 dari katoda aki bekas sedangkan parameter lain pada kondisi konstan. Hasil pelindian menunjukkan bahwa persen ekstraksi timbal tertinggi diperoleh dengan melakukan pelindian pada penambahan oksidator PbO2 sebanyak 1,5 kali basis stoikiometri.
Analisis Perubahan Konseptual Mahasiswa Pada Materi Kimia Larutan Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PS-Trilogi Berorientasi Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Afadil  , Diah Anang WM
Published: December 2019

Jenis penelitian ini merupakan pre-experimental dengan One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan konseptual mahasiswa pada materi Kimia Larutan melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PS-TRILOGI berorientasi kearifan lokal. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang memprogramkan mata kuliah Kimia Dasar II pada Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP UNTAD. Teknik analisis konsepsi mahasiswa menggunakan Certainty of Response Index (CRI) berdasarkan pada suatu skala enam (0-5). Hasil analisis secara klasikal yang diperoleh bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran PS-TRILOGI berorientasi kearifan lokal mampu mereduksi Miskonsepsi (MK) mahasiwa pada materi Kimia Larutan sebesar 12,2%; mampu meningkatkan Tahu Konsep (TK) mahasiswa  sebesar 26,9%; dan mampu mereduksi Tidak Tahu Konsep (TTK) mahasiswa sebesar 16,6%.
Design optimization of semi-rigid plane steel frames with semi-rigid bases using biogeography-based optimization and genetic algorithms
Authors: Hamdy Osman
Published: December 2019

This paper performs optimization for plane steel frames with semi-rigid beam-to-column connections, in a company with fixed, semi-rigid and hinged base connections using a biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBO), along with a genetic algorithm (GA). In this paper, Kanvinde and Grilli [1] nonlinear model is used for simulating semi-rigid base connections, where this model considers all deformations in different base connection components under the applied loads to determine the relative spring rotation for the sake of getting accurate base rotational stiffness value. In addition, Frye and Morris [2] nonlinear model is used for simulating semi-rigid beam-to-column connections. The P-∆ effect and geometric nonlinearity are considered. The stress and displacement constraints of AISC-LRFD [3] specifications, together with size adjustment constraints, are considered in the design procedure.
Levels of leukocyte oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG), serum coenzyme Q10 and lipid peroxidation in the formation attacks of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: ÇOKLUK Erdem , MİLANLIOĞLU Aysel , HUYUT Zübeyir , ÇİLİNGİR Vedat , ALP Hamit Hakan , AYDIN Mehmet Nuri , ŞEKEROĞLU Mehmet Ramazan , BALAHOROĞLU Ragıp
Published: December 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease

of the nervous system. Evidence about oxidative stress plays an important role

in the pathogenesis of MS is increasing day by day. In our study, we aimed to

investigate the effect of oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in the

pathogenesis of MS disease. Blood samples were obtained from during an attack

(Group 1), between attacks (Group 2) of MS patients (20 male and 10 female) and

30 healthy volunteers (Group 3). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as indicator of

oxidized lipids were detected using fluorescence dedector with high pressure

liquid chromatograph (HPLC). DNA was extracted from leukocytes of control and

patients with MS and then we measured 8-hydroxy- 2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and deoxyguanosin (dG) by using HPLC method with electrochemical and

UV detector, respectively. Measurement of oxidized coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and

reduced CoQ (CoQ10H) was performed by using UV detector with HPLC method. Serum

MDA level of group 1 was significantly higher than those in group 2 and group 3

(p< 0.001). 8- OHdG/106 dG ratio

of group 1 was significantly higher than those in group 2 and group 3 (p<

0.001). CoQ10/CoQ10H rates of group 1 were significantly increased compared

with group 2 and group 3 (p<0.001). In conclusion, we observed that

oxidative DNA damage, lipid and mitochondria oxidative damage were high in

blood of patients with MS. It seems that oxidative stress acts a play role the

pathogenesis of MS patients as well as induces attacks.
A visual search asymmetry for relative novelty in the visual field based on sensory adaptation
Authors: Morgan Michael J. , Solomon Joshua A.
Published: December 2019

The ability to detect sudden changes in the environment is important for survival. However, studies of “change blindness” have shown that image differences are hard to detect when a time delay or a mask is imposed between the different images. However, when sensory adaptation is permitted by accurate fixation, we find that change detection is not only possible but asymmetrical: a single changed target amongst 15 unchanging distractors is much easier to detect than a target defined by its lack of change. Although adaptation may selectively reduce the apparent contrast of unchanged objects, the asymmetry in “change salience” cannot be attributed to any such reduction because genuine reductions in target contrast increase, rather than decrease, target detectability. Analogous results preclude attribution to apparent differences between (a) target onset and distractor onset and (b) their temporal frequencies (both flickered at 7.5 Hz, minimizing afterimages). Our results demonstrate a hitherto underappreciated (or unappreciated) advantage conferred by low-level sensory adaptation: it automatically elevates the salience of previously absent objects.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Astrocytic Tumors in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Abdulghani Mohanad Mundher , Abbas Mohamad Natiq , Mohammed Wafaa Redha
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Diffuse astrocytomas constitute the largest group of primary malignant human intracranial tumours. They are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three histological malignancy grades: diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and glioblastoma (grade IV) based on histopathological features such as cellular atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in a variety of normal and malignant cells regulating critical cellular processes. When activated, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers several signalling cascades leading to increased proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis and hence associated with aggressive progression of the tumour. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) level is known to be a strong indicator associated with the aggressive behaviour of the tumour and acts as a prognostic factor for evaluating the survival rate.
AIM: To evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in different grades of astrocytoma.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded astrocytic tumours of 44 patients were collected from the archival material of pathology department of Ghazi Al Hariri Teaching Hospital during the period from June to December 2018. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used to characterise the tumours histologically based on cellularity, nuclear hyperchromasia, polymorphism, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation and necrosis with or without pseudopallisading of tumour cells. Diagnosis and grading of astrocytic tumours in this study were made according to WHO criteria (2016). Using a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and immunohistochemical analysis, the expression and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours were examined.
RESULTS: The study included 1 case pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), 20 cases diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), 5 cases anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III) and 18 cases of glioblastoma (grade IV). Expression of EGFR was found in 38.88% of the glioblastoma samples (grade IV). However, none of the astrocytomas of WHO grades I, II and III showed immunoreactivity for EGFR protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas.
CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was restricted only to high-grade astrocytic tumours, namely glioblastoma, thus may use to predict glioblastoma.
Evaluation of Flexibility, Microstructure and Elemental Analysis of Some Contemporary Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments
Authors: Hamdy Tamer M. , Galal Manar , Ismail Amira Galal , Abdelraouf Rasha M.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Contemporary nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments had a revolutionary impact on the success of root canal treatment.
AIM: To evaluate the flexibility, microstructure and elemental analysis of four different recent NiTi rotary instruments, namely; Wave One Gold, TF adaptive, HyFlex EDM and Gr_Reciproc Blue compared to conventional Protaper Universal (F2).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The NiTi rotary files were subjected to cantilever bending test to evaluate their flexibility. The microstructural characteristics and elemental analysis were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).
RESULTS: The TF adaptive, HyFlex EDM and Wave One Gold endodontic files showed significantly lower cantilever bending values (i.e., higher flexibility) than Protaper F2 and Gr_Reciproc Blue (p < 0.05). The SEM micrographs showed that the bulk of all examined files showed multiple striations due to the cutting process, on the other hand, their external surfaces were different: The Protaper Universal F2 showed multiple voids, while the TF Adaptive surface exhibited more uniform structure. The Hyflex EDM had a crater-like surface, whereas Wave one Gold showed machining grooves with minimum defects, while Reciproc Blue displayed machining grooves with random scratch lines. There was a significant difference in bulk and surface elemental analysis of the various examined files, yet composed mainly of the same elements.
CONCLUSION: Chemical composition, heat treatment, manufacturing process and geometrical design of the NiTi rotary instrument have a great influence on their flexibility and microstructure.
Fighting injuries, fig exit, and dimorphism in two species of sycoryctine fig wasp (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)
Authors: Wong Da-Mien , Bain Anthony , Shiao Shiuh-Feng , Chou Lien-Siang
Published: December 2019

Similar to many vertebrate and invertebrate species, many fig wasp species are fighting other members of their species for mates. Fighting between the males of many non-pollinating fig wasp species involves injuries and fatalities. Studies have shown that large males fight for mates, whereas conspecific small males tend to adopt nonfighting, sneaky behaviors. To analyze male morphs in two non-pollinating fig wasps (Philotrypesis taida Wong & Shiao, 2018 and Sycorycteridea taipeiensis Wong & Shiao, 2018) associated with the fig tree Ficus benguetensis, the head and mandible allometry and injuries were examined as well as the morphologies of their heads and mandibles. Male fig wasps of these two nonpollinating species can be divided into two morphological groups according to their head and mandible shapes. Approximately 88% of the Philotrypesis and 62% of the Sycorycteridea males were injured and no males belonging to largest morphs were decapitated. Moreover, nearly 31% of the Philotrypesis and 45% of the Sycorycteridea males left their natal figs. No difference in injury level or male exit rate between the male morphs was observed. This study reveals slight morphological and behavioral differences that may hint towards different mating strategies among morphs.
Le trouble identitaire de l’enfant soldat désarmé : une observation clinique au Tchad
Authors: Noubarangar Rahmat , Hachet Amal
Published: December 2019

Dès le début de la deuxième guerre civile de Centrafrique, en 2012, de nombreux enfants ont été enrôlés par les différents groupes armés, en premier lieu le Séléka, avant de commencer à être démobilisés en 2015. C’est le cas des ex-enfants soldats placés au Centre de Réinsertion et d’Orientation du Tchad. Dans ce cadre institutionnel pourtant sécure, le programme éducatif se heurte à la survenue et la persistance de comportements opposants et agressifs. Ces enfants se cramponnent farouchement à leur identité de soldat. L’observation clinique de Bouba, 15 ans, qui fait preuve de violences répétées à l’égard des autres enfants du centre et de désobéissance systématique envers l’équipe, illustre ce phénomène. L’échec de cette prise en charge suggère que cet adolescent et ses camarades ont été psychiquement soumis à un processus d’identification à l’agresseur (Ferenczi, 1932, A. Freud, 1936), en l’occurrence aux chefs de guerre et aux miliciens. Le repérage et la mise au travail pluridisciplinaires de ce type d’aliénation identitaire sont indispensables pour relancer le processus de maturation affective de ces ex-enfants soldats.
« Partir, c’est souffrir »
Authors: Louis Matthieu
Published: December 2019

De nombreuses trajectoires migratoires contemporaines en Afrique de l’Ouest sont comprises à travers le langage commun local en tant qu’« aventure ». L’analyse des expériences restituées par les discours d’acteurs se qualifiant eux-mêmes d’« aventuriers » révèle que la vie d’aventure engendre la perte d’une fraction de soi. Cet article donne à penser le sens de ce deuil identitaire invariablement ressenti, en montrant qu’il ouvre un espace ontologique de liberté au sein duquel l’aventurier se produit au monde par l’exercice de son autonomie. Dès lors se dévoile, au-delà de l’argument économique, l’un des fondements sémantiques et culturels des pratiques d’aventure qui insiste particulièrement sur la quête initiatique de soi et son cheminement intérieur et solitaire.
La dimension de l’intime dans la relation tatoueur-tatoué
Authors: Similowski Clara
Published: December 2019

Cette note de recherche dévoile les spécificités de la relation clientèle du tatouage et ses rapports à l’intime. L’encrage comme rite de passage représente une intrusion dans l’intimité physique et sociale de l’individu. Ainsi, l’enjeu de la relation tatoueurtatoué est d’installer un climat de confiance propice aux négociations des modalités d’encrage. Pour ce faire, les professionnels aménagent l’espace des salons ainsi que leur décoration et ont recours à différentes stratégies d’approche. Celles-ci témoignent du jeu ambigu auquel se livre le tatoueur pour se donner une double image : celle de l’expert qui se conforme aux règlementations de sa profession et celle d’un artiste singulier et rebelle qui exerce une pratique marginale. La combinaison de ces deux aspects paradoxaux du tatoueur offre la confiance nécessaire à l’établissement de sa relation avec le client. Les projets d’encrage sont confrontés à des normes plus ou moins implicites selon le degré d’appartenance du client à la communauté des tatoués. Les négociations quant aux modalités d’encrage s’exercent à plusieurs niveaux. D’une part, au niveau du motif avec la recherche d’originalité et l’empreinte du tatoueur et, d’autre part, à celui de la séance d’encrage avec la gestion de la douleur et des postures. Enfin, les traces de la relation tatoueur-tatoué perdurent, au-delà de la séance d’encrage, à travers les implications quotidiennes du tatouage.
La sagesse du futur contre la déraison du présent ; la pensée de l’enfance dans le Romantisme allemand
Authors: Moreau Didier
Published: December 2019

La pensée du Romantisme allemand s’est souvent centrée sur l’enfance et la formation de l’homme. Cette étude soutient l’hypothèse que loin d’être anecdotique, si l’on abandonne la vision caricaturale qu’on en a trop souvent, l’intérêt pour l’enfant a une fonction épistémologique importante. Par l’analyse du projet artistique total de Philipp Otto Runge et la lecture du premier roman de formation de Jean Paul Richter, La loge invisible , elle montre que le rapport à l’enfance est la source de notre incapacité à l’achèvement et à la complétude, et structure ainsi un rapport au monde oscillant entre vérité et chaos. L’éducation devient alors la fragile possibilité d’accueillir encore la sagesse du futur que porte l’enfance.
Des âmes ayant déjà vécu plusieurs vies. Réflexions sur les conséquences pédagogiques d’une conviction métaphysique à partir de la pensée de Rudolph Steiner
Authors: Husser Anne-Claire
Published: December 2019

Formulées au tout début du XX e  siècle et mises en œuvre à partir de 1919 avec la fondation de l’ école libre Waldorf de Stuttgart, les idées éducatives de Rudolph Steiner sont largement méconnues en France, où elles sont le plus souvent associées au mouvement de l’éducation nouvelle, aux côtés de Montessori ou de Freinet. Ce prisme de lecture escamote cependant la métaphysique qui fonde cette pédagogie et dont ne peuvent être tout à fait dissociées les pratiques qu’elle autorise. Cet article étudiera la conception steinerienne de l’enfant en prenant au sérieux son rapport avec l’anthroposophie. Tenir l’enfance pour une réincarnation, est-ce reconnaître en elle une sagesse spécifique, ou reconduire un projet d’assagissement du sujet de l’éducation ?
Innoxious Removal of Suction Drains
Authors: Yiannakopoulos Christos K , Kanellopoulos Anastassios D
Published: December 2019

abstract

Suction drains are commonly used in orthopedic elective and trauma surgery; however, drain tube removal causes pain, discomfort, and anxiety. A method of drain tube removal is described in patients who underwent total hip replacement and in adolescents who underwent lower extremity surgery. Ten milliliters of lidocaine was injected through the skin wound around the drain tube. The efficiency of this practice was evaluated using a visual analog scale score in two patient groups. Pain during tube removal and pain on post-removal were significantly decreased in the study group compared to the placebo group. Using this technique drain tube removal was painless, comfortable, and safe.
Lateral Femoral Line: A Technique for Easy Insertion of Newer Femoral Reconstruction Nails
Authors: Kumar G , Ramakrishnan M
Published: December 2019

The lateral femoral line technique identifies the correct femoral entry portal for the insertion of second-generation femoral reconstruction nails.
CT-Free Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Versus the Conventional Technique: Radiographic Results of 100 Cases
Authors: Bäthis Holger , Perlick Lars , Tingart Markus , Lüring Christian , Grifka Joachim
Published: December 2019

Computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty leads to better restoration of leg alignment and component orientation compared with the conventional technique.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Ahmad Christopher S , Levine William N , Bigliani Louis U
Published: December 2019

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair offers less pain, quicker recovery, and less stiffness compared with mini-open repair techniques.
Intraoperative Blood Management in Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Tenholder Mark , Cushner Fred D
Published: December 2019

abstract

Interest is growing in blood conservation and avoidance of transfusion in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, especially in the field of joint replacement. Several methods have proven successful in reducing intraoperative blood loss, which can translate into lessened allogeneic and autologous transfusion requirements. Available techniques include acute normovolemic hemodilution, hypotensive anesthesia, intraoperative blood salvage, specialized cautery, topical hemostatic agents, and pharmacologic agents given in the perioperative period. The greatest potential benefit arises in operations with greater expected blood loss or in special situations such as in patients with religious issues, bilateral joint replacement, coagulation disorders, or significant preoperative anemia.
Calculation and Correction of Secondary Translation Deformities and Secondary Length Deformities
Authors: Gladbach Bruno , Heijens Etienne , Pfeil Joachim , Paley Dror
Published: December 2019

abstract

External fixation correction of angular deformities leads to secondary translation deformities when occurring around an axis located proximal or distal to the center of rotation of angulation (CORA); secondary length deformities result when correction occurs around an axis concave or convex to the CORA. With circular fixation, the hinge axis can be matched to the CORA. With monolateral fixation, the level of the hinge/angulator is not easily controlled. Axis of correction of angulation can be plotted graphically and secondary deformities calculated trigonometrically. Location of the hinge/angulator can be accurately planned and adjustments incorporated to compensate for expected secondary deformities.
Appreciative Inquiry and Mental Health Improvement
Authors: Tripathi Malabika
Published: December 2019

Appreciative inquiry is an ‘asset-based' approach that focuses on the positive things of life. Through its 4D cycle and principles it generates transformation of organization. AI when practiced goes through 4D cycle of discovery, dream, design, and destiny. An individual gets the scope to rediscover and reorganize when passing through these four phases. This liberates the mind through exploration and introspection. Interventions of AI even clarify the ‘shadow' area of the human mind. The chapter tries to establish AI as a potential tool that can be used at individual level to aid in up gradation of mental health awareness through reviewing existing literature in this field.
Appreciative Leadership
Authors: Gohain Tiny Tanushree
Published: December 2019

The 21st century world is connected through a complex web of different technologies where there are lots of complexities faced by various organizations worldwide. There are challenges in terms of employee attrition, uncertain future, and complex and dynamic policies and procedures. We are also constantly bombarded with cutthroat competition and huge challenges in terms of social, economic, political, and environmental factors. We also see workplace diversity, which has become an area of organizational culture. These varied challenges require another revolution in the domain of management and organization at large wherein newer leadership practices would be called forth. This chapter introduces appreciative leadership as the new and the most powerful approach of leadership that addresses all possible challenges of the new world.
Role of Appreciative Leadership in Organizational Development
Authors: Ganguly Madhurima , RoyBardhan Mithila
Published: December 2019

This chapter discusses the concept of appreciative leadership with emphasis on the formative stages of it and the five strategies, namely inquiry, inclusion, inspiration, illumination, and integrity. It also touches upon the characteristics needed to emerge as an effective appreciative leader, some of them being optimistic, compassionate, innovative, respectful, and treating everyone as equal. The chapter concludes by highlighting the role of appreciative leadership in organizational development.
Appreciative Inquiry and Graduate Students' Professional Development
Authors: Falk Audrey Faye , Berthelsen Christina M. , Meccouri Linda
Published: December 2019

This chapter focuses on the use of appreciative inquiry in higher education and community contexts, providing an extensive review of this literature. Furthermore, the chapter describes how appreciative inquiry has been applied within the Community Engagement Program at Merrimack College. Jointly written by the program director, a graduate student, and an adjunct instructor, the chapter includes all three voices and perspectives. It includes lessons learned that may be generalizable to business and organizational contexts.
State Estimation of Active Distribution Networks
Authors: Al Rhia Razan , Daghrour Haithm
Published: December 2019

Monitoring and controlling the electrical distribution system for real time is becoming very important to improve its operating performance after transition to active distribution systems. So, many sensors are needed to monitor all parts in the systems. But if sensors are installed at all buses, investment cost becomes huge. To reduce the number of sensors, state estimation approach can be used to estimate the voltage of buses, which do not have sensors. State Estimation (SE) algorithms are broadly classified into Static State Estimator (SSE) and Dynamic State Estimator (DSE). This chapter classifies most algorithms used in active distribution networks, also State estimation in unbalanced distribution systems, and Role of PMU in Distribution System State Estimation.
Advantages, Disadvantages, and Future Trends on the Use of Design of Experiments in Cross-Over Trials in Nutritional Clinical Investigation
Authors: Miranda Jose Manuel , Portocarrero Alicia del Carmen Mondragon , Freire Alexandre Lamas , Abuin Carlos Manuel Franco , Saez Alberto Cepeda
Published: December 2019

The use of clinical trials to demonstrate effect of foods consumption on human health has increased significantly in recent years at the global level. As in other areas of human health, some authors choose to use parallel trial designs, while others prefer to use crossover designs for these trials. Because crossover trials have the advantage of reducing the number of subjects needed and the economic cost to be performed, they have many advocates within the scientific community. However, these types of tests also have numerous drawbacks, due to the difficulty of carrying out adequate statistical analyses, the lack of reliable standards adapted to them or confounding factors. In this chapter, the advantages and disadvantages of crossover designs and whether they are a recommended option for human nutrition research are shown. The usefulness of design of experiments coupled to crossover trials, especially when comparing various levels of the dependent variable, are also discussed.
An Overview of the Design of Experiment Workflow
Authors: Miranda-Ackerman Marco A. , García-Lechuga Alejandra
Published: December 2019

Design of Experiments as a subfield of statistics has its origins trying to understand systems and making decisions. In the context of food supply chains where agricultural and farm systems, packaging and processing plants, cold chains and food logistics, product design, warehousing, retailing, among many other steps and actors, come together to produce safe, healthy, nutritious, reliable, affordable, and sustainable food products. At each stage, many problems have to be solved and decisions have to be made from agricultural practices, scheduling, land use, costing, and pricing, at the farm and orchard level. A general outline is presented on the general workflow; illustrated through examples and a current review of some of the applications of design of experiments in the context of food production help provide some directives and guidelines. Global trends and challenges that influence both the food industry and the practice of design of experiments are discussed.
Optimization of Injection Molding Process Parameters via Design of Experiments
Authors: Arredondo-Soto Karina Cecilia , Realyvasquez-Vargas Arturo , Jiménez-Zaragoza Alejandro
Published: December 2019

The validation of processes is an innovative methodology where a process has been submitted to scrutiny to guarantee the products comply with the specifications of the company and the norms of the country of consumption. In the medical industry, this process is considered as a regulatory requirement, however, this also helps to improve quality, eliminate waste, and reduce costs, among other things. This chapter applied the methodology of process validation in a medical device company; the engineering tests were used in the company's clean room, using an injection molding machine and tests of several parameters were used even without being validated to know which are the best run and the best parameters, for its daily use. This project addresses the validation of the blood filter process by injection molding. The Design of Experiments applied was a 2K factorial design with central points where the replicas consisted of five of 45 in total for the three dimensions. The pieces are shared for those three dimensions that are being evaluated.
Application of the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Algorithm for Process Optimization
Authors: Garcia Juan Carlos Castillo , Tiznado Jesús Everardo Olguín , Wilson Claudia Camargo , Barreras Juan Andrés López , Martínez Rafael García
Published: December 2019

There are different techniques for the optimization of industrial processes that are widely used in industry, such as experimental design or surface response methodology to name a few. There are also alternative techniques for optimization, like the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approaches (SPSA) algorithm. This chapter compares the results that can be obtained with classical techniques against the results that alternative linear search techniques such as the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approaches (SPSA) algorithm can achieve. Authors start from the work reported by Gedi et al. 2015 to implement the SPSA algorithm. The experiments allow authors to affirm that for this case study, the SPSA is capable of equalizing, even improving the results reported by the authors.
Usage of BIM in Smart Cities
Authors: Ugurlu Didem , Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: December 2019

Rapid urbanization and overpopulation in the cities create a demand for the efficient usage of resources for the cities of the near future. Correspondingly, the need for more effective urban management strategy rises up as a current issue. The understanding behind smart cities can fulfil this need for providing a strategy model for urban management. Based on the literature review, this paper researches BIM usage throughout the lifecycle of the smart city (SC) project. This article focuses on the IoT, GIS and BIM integrated SC project model. This model aims to enhance BIM model by providing real time information from built environment to IoT sensors and geographical data to GIS in BIM model. Utilization of this SC project model can be beneficial for the industry to design and construct the smart city as well as for municipality and city government entities to manage the city.
The Role of ICT in the Economic Recovery Plan of Malawi a Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Makoza Frank
Published: December 2019

This article presents a critical analysis of the role of ICT in economic recovery plan of a low-income status country. The study analysed the case of Malawi using critical discourse analysis to unravel assumptions and issues in the text of the Economic Recovery Plan. The findings showed a lack of a holistic approach to the proposed solutions in the Economic Recovery Plan. The assumptions on the role of ICT concentrated on ICT infrastructure, liberalization of the telecommunications sector and reforms in regulatory frameworks. Thus, issues from the demand side of the ICT value chain were silent in the solutions e.g. high cost of ICT services, ICT access for the rural dwellers and ICT skills of users in integrating ICTs in their economic and social activities. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of ICT in the economic recovery of countries under crisis.
Movie Video Summarization- Generating Personalized Summaries Using Spatiotemporal Salient Region Detection
Authors: Kannan Rajkumar , Swaminathan Sridhar , Ghinea Gheorghita , Andres Frederic , Anbananthen Kalaiarasi Sonai Muthu
Published: December 2019

Video summarization condenses a video by extracting its informative and interesting segments. In this article, a novel video summarization approach is proposed based on spatiotemporal salient region detection. The proposed approach first segments a video into a set of shots which are ranked with spatiotemporal saliency scores. The score for a shot is computed by aggregating the frame level spatiotemporal saliency scores. This approach detects spatial and temporal salient regions separately using different saliency theories related to objects present in a visual scenario. The spatial saliency of a video frame is computed using color contrast and color distribution estimations and center prior integration. The temporal saliency of a video frame is estimated as an integration of local and global temporal saliencies computed using patch level optical flow abstractions. Finally, top ranked shots with the highest saliency scores are selected for generating the video summary. The objective and subjective experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.