bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Authors: Yoon Jihyun , Yoon Wontae , Na Seung kwan , Lee Jihyun , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo , Cho Han Joo
Published: June 2021

To compare the long-term effectiveness of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (PCV/AT1), and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Forty-one eyes with PNV, 68 eyes with PCV/AT1, and 56 eyes with typical nAMD were retrospectively included for analysis. All patients were treatment-naïve and received a three-monthly loading injection of anti-VEGF, followed by further injections, as required. The visual and anatomical outcomes after treatment were evaluated up to 36 months from baseline. No significant intergroup difference was found in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and changes in central foveal thickness at 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline. In addition, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the proportions of improved or worsened (increased or decreased more than 3-lines) visual acuity. However, the PNV group participants received significantly fewer anti-VEGF injections (11.7 ± 6.9) than those in the PCV/AT1 (12.4 ± 7.0; P = 0.031) and typical nAMD groups (13.2 ± 7.4; P = 0.016). The incidence of macular atrophy (MA) development was also significantly lower for the PNV (4/41 eyes, 9.8%) than the typical nAMD (15/56 eyes, 26.8%; P = 0.033) eyes. There was no significant difference between PNV, PCV/AT1, and typical nAMD regarding visual acuity improvement after anti-VEGF treatment over 36 months. However, the number of injections for PNV was significantly lower compared to that for PCV/AT1 and typical nAMD, and the incidence of MA development was significantly lower than in typical nAMD.
Convergent NMDA receptor—Pannexin1 signaling pathways regulate the interaction of CaMKII with Connexin-36
Authors: Siu Ryan C. F. , Kotova Anna , Timonina Ksenia , Zoidl Christiane , Zoidl Georg R.
Published: June 2021

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) binding and phosphorylation of mammalian connexin-36 (Cx36) potentiate electrical coupling. To explain the molecular mechanism of how Cx36 modifies plasticity at gap junctions, we investigated the roles of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and pannexin1 (Panx1) channels in regulating Cx36 binding to CaMKII. Pharmacological interference and site-directed mutagenesis of protein interaction sites shows that NMDA receptor activation opens Cx36 channels, causing the Cx36- CaMKII binding complex to adopt a compact conformation. Ectopic Panx1 expression in a Panx1 knock-down cell line is required to restore CaMKII mediated opening of Cx36. Furthermore, blocking of Src-family kinase activation of Panx1 is sufficient to prevent the opening of Cx36 channels. Our research demonstrates that the efficacy of Cx36 channels requires convergent calcium-dependent signaling processes in which activation of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, Src-family kinase, and Pannexin1 open Cx36. Our results add to the best of our knowledge a new twist to mounting evidence for molecular communication between these core components of electrical and chemical synapses.
Construction of a zeolite A-type multivariate metal–organic framework for selective sensing of Fe3+ and Cr2O72−
Authors: Talha Khalid , Alamgir  , Ahmed Naeem , Xie Lin-Hua , Zhang Xin , Li Jian-Rong
Published: June 2021

A multivariant metal–organic framework (MTV-MOF) BUT-27 with a unique zeolite A structure was synthesized by post-synthetic linker exchange via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation.
Ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of PCl3 at 235 nm: three-dimensional ion imaging and theoretical analysis
Authors: Chichinin A. , Maul C. , Gericke K.-H.
Published: June 2021

Three-dimensional imaging and computational studies reveal the complex scheme of competing pathways in UV photodissociation of PCl3.
Small molecule-based supramolecular-polymer double-network hydrogel electrolytes for ultra-stretchable and waterproof Zn–air batteries working from −50 to 100 °C
Authors: Gu Chaonan , Xie Xiao-Qiao , Liang Yujia , Li Jingjing , Wang Hai , Wang Kaifang , Liu Junpeng , Wang Mengke , Zhang Yunfei , Li Manxing , Kong Huajie , Liu Chun-Sen
Published: June 2021

Herein, we present a highly stretchable (device-level elongation >1000%), waterproof, and wide temperature-tolerant (−50 to 100 °C) wearable Zn–air battery based on a well-designed supramolecular-polymer double-network hydrogel electrolyte.
Achieving highly efficient all-polymer solar cells by green-solvent-processing under ambient atmosphere
Authors: Liu Bin , Sun Huiliang , Lee Jin-Woo , Yang Jie , Wang Junwei , Li Yongchun , Li Bangbang , Xu Meng , Liao Qiaogan , Zhang Wei , Han Dongxue , Niu Li , Meng Hong , Kim Bumjoon J. , Guo Xugang
Published: June 2021

The nonhalogenated solvent o-XY-processed-all-PSCs achieved a highly-efficient PCE of 15.6% along with decent processability under ambient conditions.
Formation of S defects in MoS2-coated wood for high-efficiency seawater desalination
Authors: He Xuan , Zhang Lei , Hu Xiangang , Zhou Qixing
Published: June 2021

Solar steam generation has attracted interest in water purification and seawater desalination as an efficient solar energy conversion method.
A sandwich-type ECL immunosensor for the sensitive determination of CEA content based on red emission carbon quantum dots as luminophores
Authors: Hu Yuefang , Chen Yuxin , Tang Quan , Liu Hanfu
Published: June 2021

A novel electrochemiluminescent immunosensor was constructed based on the quenching effect between red emission carbon quantum dots and aminated graphene.
Low dimensional materials for glucose sensing
Authors: Xu Linling , Zhang Xianfei , Wang Zhe , Haidry Azhar Ali , Yao Zhengjun , Haque Enamul , Wang Yichao , Li Gang , Daeneke Torben , McConville Chris F. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh , Zavabeti Ali
Published: June 2021

Biosensors are essential components for effective healthcare management.
Diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyridazines containing indole scaffolds via an inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Chen Taotao , Che Chao , Guo Zhefei , Dong Xiu-Qin , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: June 2021

A base-promoted and catalyst-free unprecedented inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels–Alder reaction between the in situ generated azoalkenes and 3-vinylindoles has been developed to afford tetrahydropyridazines containing indole scaffolds.
Site-selective binding of terpenoids within a confined space of metal–macrocycle framework: substrate-specific promotion or inhibition of cyclization reactions
Authors: Tashiro Shohei , He Wei , Hayashi Ryunosuke , Lin Yingjie , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: June 2021

Terpenoids, (S)-citronellal, nerol, geraniol and farnesol, were site-selectively adsorbed to binding pockets on the pore surface of a metal-macrocycle framework, and their cyclization reaction was controlled in a confined nanospace.
Direct synthesis of pentasubstituted pyrroles and hexasubstituted pyrrolines from propargyl sulfonylamides and allenamides
Authors: Ye Changqing , Jiao Yihang , Chiou Mong-Feng , Li Yajun , Bao Hongli
Published: June 2021

This method is a toolbox for the synthesis of valuable, but previously inaccessible, highly substituted pyrroles and pyrrolines.
Organizational Aspects and Outcomes of a Hearing Screening Program Among First-Grade Children in the Mazovian Region of Poland
Authors: Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Świerniak Weronika , Gos Elżbieta , Gocel Maria , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe and assess a hearing screening program of first-grade children in Poland. The program aimed to detect hearing disorders and increase awareness among parents of hearing problems.

Method

A hearing screening program was conducted in all elementary schools of the biggest region in Poland. A total of 34,618 first-graders were screened. The hearing screening protocol included video otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry. The program also included an information campaign directed to the local community and educational meetings between parents and medical staff.

Results

The estimated prevalence of hearing loss was 11%. Unilateral hearing loss was more common than bilateral hearing loss. Mild hearing loss was more frequent than moderate (or worse) hearing loss. In otoscopy, the most common positive result was otitis media with effusion. Parents and medical staff took part in 1,608 educational meetings, broadening the parents' knowledge of how to care for hearing.

Conclusions

A hearing screening program not only provides data on the prevalence of childhood hearing problems but is also an avenue for providing the local community with valuable knowledge about how to care for hearing. This study demonstrated the importance for systematic monitoring of children's hearing status and of increasing awareness among parents and teachers of the significance of hearing loss. The hearing screening of children starting school should become a standard part of school health care programs.
Disability in Speech and Hearing Sciences: Reflections on Representation
Authors: Donaldson Amy L.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This article reflects on a diversity and equity view of disability and offers a perspective on the representation of disability within speech and hearing sciences in terms of membership, research, and pedagogy.

Conclusions

All areas of representation can be improved to support American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's strategic objectives of increasing diversity of membership and improving cultural competence. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is encouraged to collect data regarding disability status to inform understanding of disability representation and potentially increase positive exposure, retention, and recruitment of disabled professionals. Research can be impacted through use of participatory models and focusing on community experiences, diversity issues, and increased understanding of the impact of ableism on clinical practice. Finally, curriculum specific to disability issues is needed to support students' understanding of the variability inherent within the disability community and their role as clinicians in partnering with the disability community.
Tackling Burnout in the School Setting: Practical Tips for School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Marante Leesa , Farquharson Kelly
Published: June 2021

Purpose

School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are responsible for providing services to about 55% of students with disabilities in the school setting across the nation. A shortage of qualified school-based SLPs continues to persist in the United States. Research has aimed to identify factors that lead to diminished career intentions, occupational stress, and ultimately, job burnout. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding the prevention of job burnout in the school setting. In this tutorial, we provide school-based SLPs with strategies that aim to reduce and prevent burnout symptoms related to occupational stress and satisfaction. We (a) define and describe burnout, (b) discuss the possible stressors and job-related challenges that are within SLPs' control of change, (c) provide evidence-based strategies that may alleviate occupational stress related to workload factors before and after burnout has occurred, and (d) provide examples of ways to advocate within the profession.

Conclusions

SLPs are encouraged to make minor adjustments in their work settings. Suggested strategies include recognizing overwhelm, incorporating broader and workload-specific changes to daily routines, and engaging in advocacy efforts. Two resources, one for evaluation and another for consolidating information about a caseload, are provided.
Performance of cache placement using supervised learning techniques in mobile edge networks
Authors: Mohammed Lubna , Anpalagan Alagan , Khwaja Ahmed S. , Jaseemuddin Muhammad
Published: June 2021

With the growth of mobile data traffic in wireless networks, caches are used to bring data closer to mobile users and to minimise the traffic load on macro base station (MBS). Storing data in caches on user terminals (UTs) and small base stations (SBSs) faces challenges with respect to the decision of cache contents. Here, a multi‐objective cache content strategy that aims to maximise the cache hit rate of SBSs in mobile edge networks (MENs) is proposed. The multi‐objective cache placement optimisation is formulated as a classification problem. Unlike previous work, mobility input attributes such as user locations, contact duration, communication ranges, contact probability between UTs and SBSs, etc. as well as content popularity and the correlation between these input attributes separating the decision space into two regions of cache and not cache are used. Stochastic gradient descent algorithm is used for the training of three supervised machine learning techniques: artificial neural network ANN, support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression LR to define the hyperplane that separates the cache content decision space. Simulation results show that compared with the weighted‐sum approach, the SBSs cache hit rates increase on the average by 18.58%, 18.52%, and 18.2%, and the total energy consumption values decrease on the average by 33.49%, 53.19%, and 49.9% for ANN, SVM, and LR, respectively.
An Improved, Scalable Synthesis of the Selective Serotonin 2A Receptor Agonist 25CN-NBOH
Authors: Kristensen Jesper L. , Märcher-Rørsted Emil , Nykodemová Jitka
Published: June 2021

4-{2-[(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]ethyl}-2,5-dimethoxybenzo­nitrile (25CN-NBOH) was first reported as a potent and highly selective serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist in 2014. The compound has since found extensive use as a pharmacological tool in a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies. In the present study, we present an improved and scalable synthesis of 25CN-NBOH making this compound readily available to the scientific community.
NiCl2 as a Cheap and Efficient Precatalyst for the Coupling of Aryl Fluorosulfonate and Phosphite/Phosphine Oxide
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Cai Hu , Yan Wenjie , Zhou Hongbo , Li Haoyuan , Hu Huimin , Yu Ying
Published: June 2021

Herein, NiCl2 is employed as a cheap precatalyst in the formation of C(sp2)–P bond via cross-coupling reaction of phenol derivatives and phosphine oxides/phosphites. This catalytic system allows a variety of phenols with diverse functional groups to transform into phosphates with good yields. No additional additive is used in this reaction.
Avoidance and Correction of Deformities in Body Contouring
Authors: Ferry Andrew M. , Chamata Edward , Dibbs Rami P. , Rappaport Norman H.
Published: June 2021

Body contouring procedures are highly impactful because of their potential to improve a patient's quality of life. These procedures, particularly when performed on patients following massive weight loss, may require secondary intervention to treat residual contour abnormalities. Presently, there is a paucity of information in the literature detailing the avoidance and correction of body contouring deformities. Herein, we will discuss the management of patients seeking revisional body contouring procedures.
Revisional Techniques for Secondary Cleft Lip Deformities
Authors: Sarrami Shayan M. , Skochdopole Anna J. , Ferry Andrew M. , Buchanan Edward P. , Hollier Larry H. , Dempsey Robert F.
Published: June 2021

Secondary deformities of repaired cleft lips are an unfortunate complication despite the meticulous approach of modern primary procedures. Most of these surgeries take place in the patient's early life and must be strategically planned to provide optimal cosmesis with minimal interventions. Depending on the level of severity, treatment of the secondary deformities ranges from noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques to complete revision cheiloplasty. Many novel topical, injectable, and laser therapies have allotted physicians more technical flexibility in treating superficial distortions. Nonetheless, surgical techniques such as diamond excision and adjacent tissue transfer remain popular and useful reconstructive modalities. Deformities involving the orbicularis oris must be completely taken down to allow full access to the muscle. Complete revision cheiloplasty requires recreation of the cleft defect and reconstruction similar to the primary repair. Due to the myriad of presentations of these secondary deformities, familiarity with the various treatments available is imperative for any cleft surgeon.
Experimental and on-site investigation of the in-line vertical axis water turbines for water pipelines
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Miao , Li Chun , Sun Li , Yang Liang
Published: June 2021

Health monitoring devices are critical for the safe and reliable operation of water supply systems, but their chemical batteries are easily depleted. Thus, this paper developed a micro-vertical axis water turbine that converts part of the water head into electrical energy and supplies power for the monitoring device. The performance of four groups of micro-turbines was investigated in detail through experimental testing. Different from our previous study, the entire performance curves of micro-turbines at different rotation speeds and flow velocities were obtained in order to consider the wide range of flow velocities inside the real water pipeline. The feasibility of the designed turbines in the power supply system was verified by on-site testing. The experimental results show that different types and opening sizes of blocks have a distinct influence on the output power of micro-turbines. Each type of block has the corresponding optimal opening size to gain the highest performance. Within a certain range, the maximum output power varies linearly with the increase in flow velocity. In a specific flow velocity, the optimal rotational speed of the micro-turbine generated the maximum output power can be predicted by the power curve. In addition, through the experimental data, it is found that among all the measured turbines, the 12-blade hollow shaft turbine with a 90% eye-shaped block is the best one, with an output power of 88.2 W and an efficiency of 15.76%. Finally, the results of an on-site test are consistent with that of the experiment properly, which verifies the reliability of the measured data in the laboratory.
Anomalous mechanosensitive ion transport in nanoparticle-blocked nanopores
Authors: Xu Yixin , Yazbeck Rami , Duan Chuanhua
Published: June 2021

Living organisms can sense extracellular forces via mechanosensitive ion channels, which change their channel conformations in response to external pressure and regulate ion transport through the cell membrane. Such pressure-regulated ion transport is critical for various biological processes, such as cellular turgor control and hearing in mammals, but has yet to be achieved in artificial systems using similar mechanisms. In this work, we construct a nanoconfinement by reversibly blocking a single nanopore with a nanoparticle and report anomalous and ultra-mechanosensitive ionic transport across the resulting nanoconfinement upon assorted mechanical and electrical stimuli. Our observation reveals a suppressed ion conduction through the system as the applied pressure increases, which imitates certain behaviors of stretch-inactivated ion channels in biological systems. Moreover, pressure-induced ionic current rectification is also observed despite the high ionic concentration of the solution. Using a combined experimental and simulation study, we correlate both phenomena to pressure-induced nanoparticle rotation and the resulting physical structure change in the blocked nanopore. This work presents a mechanosensitive nano-confinement requiring minimal fabrication techniques and provides new opportunities for bio-inspired nanofluidic applications.
Free-surface velocity measurements of opaque materials in laser-driven shock-wave experiments using photonic Doppler velocimetry
Authors: Nissim N. , Greenberg E. , Werdiger M. , Horowitz Y. , Bakshi L. , Ferber Y. , Glam B. , Fedotov-Gefen A. , Perelmutter L. , Eliezer S.
Published: June 2021

We present a novel photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) design for laser-driven shock-wave experiments. This PDV design is intended to provide the capability of measuring the free-surface velocity of shocked opaque materials in the terapascal range. We present measurements of the free-surface velocity of gold for as long as ∼2 ns from the shock breakout, at pressures of up to ∼7 Mbar and a free-surface velocity of 7.3 km/s with an error of ∼1.5%. Such laboratory pressure conditions are achieved predominantly at high-intensity laser facilities where the only velocity diagnostic is usually line-imaging velocity interferometry for any reflector. However, that diagnostic is limited by the lower dynamic range of the streak camera (at a temporal resolution relevant to laser shock experiments) to measure the free-surface velocity of opaque materials up to pressures of only ∼1 Mbar. We expect the proposed PDV design to allow the free-surface velocity of opaque materials to be measured at much higher pressures.
Mechanical properties of anionic asymmetric bilayers from atomistic simulations
Authors: Jiang Wenjuan , Lin Yi-Chun , Luo Yun Lyna
Published: June 2021

Mechanotransduction, the biological response to mechanical stress, is often initiated by activation of mechanosensitive (MS) proteins upon mechanically induced deformations of the cell membrane. A current challenge in fully understanding this process is in predicting how lipid bilayers deform upon the application of mechanical stress. In this context, it is now well established that anionic lipids influence the function of many proteins. Here, we test the hypothesis that anionic lipids could indirectly modulate MS proteins by alteration of the lipid bilayer mechanical properties. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we computed the bilayer bending rigidity (KC), the area compressibility (KA), and the surface shear viscosity (ηm) of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC) lipid bilayers with and without phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) at physiological concentrations in the lower leaflet. Tensionless leaflets were first checked for each asymmetric bilayer model, and a formula for embedding an asymmetric channel in an asymmetric bilayer is proposed. Results from two different sized bilayers show consistently that the addition of 20% surface charge in the lower leaflet of the PC bilayer with PIP2 has minimal impact on its mechanical properties, while PS reduced the bilayer bending rigidity by 22%. As a comparison, supplementing the PIP2-enriched PC membrane with 30% cholesterol, a known rigidifying steroid lipid, produces a significant increase in all three mechanical constants. Analysis of pairwise splay moduli suggests that the effect of anionic lipids on bilayer bending rigidity largely depends on the number of anionic lipid pairs formed during simulations. The potential implication of bilayer bending rigidity is discussed in the framework of MS piezo channels.
Electric field-induced oxygen vacancies in YBa2Cu3O7
Authors: Mariano A. Lorenzo , Poloni Roberta
Published: June 2021

The microscopic doping mechanism behind the superconductor-to-insulator transition of a thin film of YBa2Cu3O7 was recently identified as due to the migration of O atoms from the CuO chains of the film. Here, we employ density-functional theory calculations to study the evolution of the electronic structure of a slab of YBa2Cu3O7 in the presence of oxygen vacancies under the influence of an external electric field. We find that, under massive electric fields, isolated O atoms are pulled out of the surface consisting of CuO chains. As vacancies accumulate at the surface, a configuration with vacancies located in the chains inside the slab becomes energetically preferred, thus providing a driving force for O migration toward the surface. Regardless of the defect configuration studied, the electric field is always fully screened near the surface, thus negligibly affecting diffusion barriers across the film.
Negative ion sources
Authors: Bacal M. , Sasao M. , Wada M.
Published: June 2021

In this Tutorial, surface and double charge exchange negative ion sources for producing negative ion beams of different ion species will be described. The need for negative ions as the beam particles of tandem Van de Graaf accelerators and that for charge exchange injection of hydrogen negative ions into high-energy proton accelerators requires the development of these ion sources, which are then enlarged to generate ampere level broad beams to heat up, after neutralization, the fusion experiment plasmas confined in magnetic field. The physical mechanisms leading to the formation of various negative ion species, such as hydrogen, helium, alkali metals, and halogens will be presented, and the ion source designs are analyzed based on the knowledge of fundamental processes related to negative ion formation and destruction. The use of negative ion sources in accelerators, nuclear fusion research, technology, and medicine will also be presented.
The discovery of the depletion force
Authors: Kurihara Kazue , Vincent Brian
Published: June 2021

This Editorial reports how the depletion force theory was originally developed by Sho Asakura and Fumio Oosawa and how their one-page paper was “rediscovered” about 20 years after the paper was published. The first part of this Editorial is mostly based on the lecture by Oosawa and his autobiographies, and the second part is written by one of two scientists who found the paper. The aim of this Editorial is to record the background of the discovery of the depletion force. We believe that this Editorial presents an interesting story showing how science develops. The story reminds us of the importance of basic education and continuous interests in unknown phenomena and interactions between people of different disciplines, although they are sometimes considered as separate elements of research.
A reciprocal-space formulation of mixed quantum–classical dynamics
Authors: Krotz Alex , Provazza Justin , Tempelaar Roel
Published: June 2021

We derive a formulation of mixed quantum–classical dynamics for modeling electronic carriers interacting with phonons in reciprocal space. For dispersionless phonons, we start by expressing the real-space classical coordinates in terms of complex variables. Taking these variables as a Fourier series then yields the reciprocal-space coordinates. Evaluating the electron–phonon interaction term through Ehrenfest’s theorem, we arrive at a reciprocal-space formalism that is equivalent to mean-field mixed quantum–classical dynamics in real space. This equivalence is numerically verified for the Holstein and Peierls models, for which we find the reciprocal-space Hellmann–Feynman forces to involve momentum-derivative contributions in addition to the position-derivative terms commonly seen in real space. To illustrate the advantage of the reciprocal-space formulation, we present a proof of concept for the inexpensive modeling of low-momentum carriers interacting with phonons using a truncated reciprocal-space basis, which is not possible within a real-space formulation.
Temperature and population density influence SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Smith Thomas P. , Flaxman Seth , Gallinat Amanda S. , Kinosian Sylvia P. , Stemkovski Michael , Unwin H. Juliette T. , Watson Oliver J. , Whittaker Charles , Cattarino Lorenzo , Dorigatti Ilaria , Tristem Michael , Pearse William D.
Published: June 2021

Significance

There is still much to be understood about the factors influencing the ecology and epidemiology of COVID-19. In particular, whether environmental variation is likely to drive seasonal changes in SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is largely unknown. We investigate the effects of the environment on SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates across the United States and then incorporate the most important environmental parameters into an epidemiological model. We show that temperature and population density can be important factors in transmission but only in the absence of mobility-restricting policy measures, although particularly strong policy measures may be required to mitigate the highest population densities. Our findings improve our understanding of the drivers of COVID-19 transmission and highlight areas in which policy decisions can be proactive.
Pseudotheraptus wayi (coconut bug).
Authors: Schoeman Schalk
Published: June 2021

P. wayi is a serious pest in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zanzibar on coconut, but actual crop loss is difficult to assess, partly because of the natural nut-fall. Over 70% of young nuts will fall naturally and so many of the bug-damaged nuts would fall anyway. In certain areas of Zanzibar, crop losses of up to 100% can occur (Way, 1951).
Run-and-tumble motion in a harmonic potential: field theory and entropy production
Authors: Garcia-Millan Rosalba , Pruessner Gunnar
Published: June 2021

Run-and-tumble (RnT) motion is an example of active motility where particles move at constant speed and change direction at random times. In this work we study RnT motion with diffusion in a harmonic potential in one dimension via a path integral approach. We derive a Doi-Peliti field theory and use it to calculate the entropy production and other observables in closed form. All our results are exact.
Soil Water Content Estimation using Pedotransfer Functions in Drylands of Sumbawa Regency
Authors: Ayu I W , Lestari N D , Gunawan G , Soemarno S
Published: June 2021

The research aims to estimate soil moisture content using pedotransfer functions in drylands of Sumbawa Regency from March to July 2019. The research method used is descriptive-comparative design against the soils’ physical properties in three different locations. Soil sampling is conducted through undisturbed soil sampling using sample rings for soil analysis and file input assembly and simulation using the Soil, Plant, Atmosphere, Water Field and Pond Hydrology Model (SPAW) program of Version 6.02.75. The soil sample analysis for soil physical properties is conducted at the Soil Physics Laboratory of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The analysis results indicate that soil moisture characteristic values using PTFs method with minimum parameter inputs that include soil texture (sand and clay) and organic matter could be implemented in drylands. There are differences in the available moisture content between measurement at the laboratory and simulation. The available moisture values from the field result measured at the laboratory are far smaller than those of the simulation results. The values indicate a variation of 0.31-0.47 cm3/cm3(KL) and 0.05-0.32 cm3/cm3(TLP), AWC (0.11-0.17 cm3/cm3), and hydraulic conductivity (soil permeability) (0.19-6.45mm/hr) for all locations.
An Impact of Climatic Change on Water-borne Diseases: A Review
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad , Ruswan  , Ismail Mutia , Helyani  , Tosepu Ramadhan
Published: June 2021

Climatic change has a great impact on the water cyclus, impacts on water resources, the frequency and intensity of floods because of high rainfall, the natural environment and human health. In this article, a survey of the effect of climatic change on waterborne diseases. Materials and Methods The keywords “climate change”, “waterborne diseases” were used in combination with “or” and “and” by performing electronic searches on Google and Google Scholar. The search was operated with a publication year insulate among January 2019 and October 2020. Results: Of the 34 articles collected, 19 articles were excluded because they had no correlation, while 15 articles were submitted and met the inclusion criteria. The literature reviewed shows that, most of the research has been carried out in wealthy countries, and approximation of the effect of climatic change on waterborne diseases are uncertain for the following reasons: 1) Hesitation about the spread of disease through climate change due to changing rainfall patterns 2) Hesitation about direct and indirect connection among climatic and human health 3) Hesitation about the connection among climatic and waterborne diseases as a consequence of changes in health. Conclusion: The hesitation in this estimate has led to little research in this regard.
The physical factors affected settlement preferences in peri-urban area of Medan City
Authors: Sinurat D A , Aulia D N , Marpaung B O Y
Published: June 2021

Preference settlement is a person’s willingness to live or not in a place that influenced by various factors and variables. The policy of housing development in the suburban is an attempt to divert the population in Medan City to the peri-urban area. This causes more people to choose the peri-urban area as a residential location. Based on observations, the location in Medan City with the amount of housing that tends to increase is Namorambe District. This research is analyzed based on the following variables: accessibility, environmental conditions, and the completeness of facilities and infrastructure. This research aims to examine the physical factors that become settlement preferences in peri-urban areas. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive by grouping data that have similarities with each other. The results of the research showed: in terms of accessibility, the large number of streets and the availability of many alternative routes; in terms of environmental factors, the condition of residential street frame, drainage systems, the vegetation, and the cleanliness of the; in terms of the condition of the facilities and infrastructure, the electricity facilities, garbage disposal, the sanitation network and worship facilities are the reasons respondents choose to live in Namorambe District.
Mapping the housing needs of the urban middle class in greater Jakarta
Authors: Tafridj I
Published: June 2021

The housing affordability discourses have long been focusing on the low income community. However, the middle class in Indonesia are beginning to experience their own brand of affordability problems, fuelled by the skyrocketing house market price and the wage stagnancy issue. This research expects to map the housing needs of the middle class, including the average combined income and desired house price for middle class families in Greater Jakarta. The survey also inquired current residencies and aspirational location of the respondents, which was used to create a mapping as evidence for future housing policies. This data was analysed quantitatively and elaborated descriptively with consideration to the socio-economic condition of the middle class. The result shows that middle class families with combined income of more than seven million rupiah aspire to buy houses out of Jakarta Province with proper surrounding facility, and are willing to allocate housing budget of more than five hundred million rupiah. This research recommends an improvement to the housing development policies in greater Jakarta and reiterates the importance of new regulation on long term rent as a secure tenure alternative.
Unpacking The Act No 1 of 2011: Does Indonesia in the right pathways towards sustainable housing development?
Authors: Werdiningtyas R
Published: June 2021

The government intervention to fulfil housing demand cannot compensate the concomitant issue of urban sprawl, traffic, patchy infrastructure and physical environmental degradation. The government intervention to cope with challenges and problems are leading to a specific policy which the fact it is often confined to a single focal perspective: one intervention to cope with one specific problem at one moment. This limited vision in intervention tends to underestimate interdependencies and complexity of problems. There are many cases where government interventions have resulted in considerable negative consequences instead of promoting improvement or urban conditions. There is little knowledge on how governance and its policy instruments need to be improved to steer onto desirable pathways. Governments need guidance to improve its capacities to cope with intertwined interdependencies problem as opposed to responsive policy to cope with specific problems or targeted goals at a point in time. To better analyse the capacity of Indonesia governance system related to housing development, we used framework in which the structure of governance system can be portrayed by its policy instrument configuration. Using framework, the study aims to investigate the capacity of Indonesian Housing and Settlement Law, The Act No 1 of 2011 to achieve sustainable condition. The study indicates that that the tone of interaction among actors and their actions in dealing with resources (Rs) has been directed by government concerns through national to municipal or city plan (authority regimes). The capacity of policy instrument in in directing housing development in Indonesia is limited to cope with a specific problem and achieve specific targeted goal instead of manager of interactions among interdependent actions conducted by multiple actors in dealing with multiple resources related to housing and settlement. This is crucial to prevent the occurrence of intertwined problems and steer the development housing and settlement in Indonesia toward sustainable condition.
Energy efficiency through façade design model of Nobel house building
Authors: Lahji K , Walaretina R
Published: June 2021

One of the triggers to global warming is the increase of CO2 trace caused by fossil energy consumption. The escalation of fossil energy consumption in urban area comes from industrial sector, housing sector, and commercial sector. Commercial buildings in urban area play a major contribution in CO2 production level. That is why, electricity efficiency efforts are needed. The high energy consumption in commercial buildings are commonly caused by less precise façade construction, either on its design, material, and orientation. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of façade design on energy efficiency level at Nobel House Building. The participation of Nobel House to lower CO2 is actually an effort to improve GBCI green building certification valuation result, from Gold to Platinum. Energy aspect is a priority in certification valuation to improve their rank. The research method utilized in this research is a descriptive qualitative method with OTTV analysis on 15 Nobel House Building façade models. The research is further narrating the initial 15 models with gold certifications. The result of this research is used to determine 4 façade model with energy efficiency below the base line. (SNI 6389-2011, GBCI,2013) with two main considerations which are easy in construction and maintenance work.
The utilization of Surfactant on enhanced oil recovery chemical injection to maintain energy in Indonesia
Authors: Andriyan R , Pratiwi R , Setiati R
Published: June 2021

The needs of oil in the world for the transportation, industry, power plant and other fields drive us to be more consumptive in the utilization. Oil needs in Indonesia that keeps on increasing along the years is unequal with the number of oil exploration activity, which further create a scarcity on fossil energy fuel source availability. If Indonesia is unable to discover new oil sources as soon as possible, Indonesia is predicted to become oil importer in 2025. Oil production is known to be practiced through three steps which are primary recovery, secondary recovery, and tertiary recovery. At this moment, several oil wells in Indonesia have reached final stages of secondary recovery. If the production activity on these wells is continued, the recovered oil will never be able to reach optimum result and will unable to cover the production cost. Because of that, oil development and production management projects will never be able to run. The offered solution to fulfill this energy needs is by conducting tertiary recovery method known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). EOR method is known to be able to optimize oil recovery as much as 30% of total remaining reserve on an oil or gas field. One of EOR method that will be the focus in this research is chemical injection or chemical flooding, where a certain chemical compound is injected into the reservoir with an objective of reservoir physical or chemical manipulation to facilitate oil production to the surface. The material required for chemical flooding are surfactant, alkali, and polymer. On the previously conducted research at EOR Laboratory Universitas Trisakti is aimed to observe the impact of surfactant concentration on water formation salinity on phase and interfacial tension (IFT) tests to improve surfactant performance on EOR process to optimize recovery factor (RF) or oil production. Chemical ingredients used in this research are anionic surfactants which are Alpha Olein Sulfonate (AOS) and paraffin oil. The utilization of surfactant solution concentration is 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Meanwhile formation salinities are at 10,000 ppm, 15,000 ppm, and 20,000 ppm. The emulsion formed from the phase test is an upper phase. The factor of emulsion phase formation is high interfacial tension and the utilized surfactant basic ingredient is a petroleum based ingredient. The result of IFT measurement on surfactant solution possess a value range of 16 dyne/m to 41 dyne/m. Based on the research result and conducted analysis, the utilized AOS surfactant in this research is proven to be able to lower significant IFT of water and oil on emulsion percentage formed and stable at 18.75% on 1.5% concentration with water salinity of 15,000 ppm.
Production capability prediction of a reservoir gas by using gas deliverability analysis to supply gas energy in Indonesia
Authors: Putri N A , Fattahanisa A , Ristawati A , Setiati R
Published: June 2021

The production of a gas reservoir is different from an oil reservoir. The production of recoverable gas is not constant. Therefore, the capability of a well or a gas field to produce needs to be predicted. By knowing the well’s production capacity, it can also be estimated that steps can be taken to increase the flow rate of gas production so that the existing reserves can be taken to the optimum. The purpose of this study was to determine the production capacity of the gas field. Gas well deliverability tests are conducted to determine the production capability of gas wells. The deliverability test performed on this layer uses the modified isochronal test method. AOFP analysis was carried out using conventional methods. This deliverability test is carried out in the “X” layer which is classified as a dry gas reservoir. Based on the deliverability test analysis, it can be seen that this layer has gas reserves of 2420425 MMSCF and has five wells still in production. The gas well has a value of n = 0.645810875 and a value of C = 0.014353581 MMSCFD / psi2. From the results of the discussion it can be concluded that the gas well in the field has a good productivity with an AOFP 38.34201321 MMSCFD. This shows that the potential for gas reserves in the area is still quite large.
Identification of information and communication media in multi-team working relationship on construction project continuity
Authors: Renalda R , Raflis R , Damayanti J , Prasetyo R F , Yassar A S
Published: June 2021

The construction project has a high complexity of work due to the many parties involved in it. In project construction the parties who involved must be able to manage and distribute construction materials properly, it can be realized if the parties who involved can establish good coordination and communication to complete the work. In the flow of information contained in supply chain management must also pay attention to the types of communication media that used so that coordination and communication run effectively. This study aims to determine the pattern of information flow that occurs and the role of communication media in the information flow. This research was conducted by interview method, followed by the distribution of questionnaires using the Delphi method to obtain consensus on what types of communication media have the potential to become an effective communication media in project supply chain management. In this study, information flow patterns formed in 3 projects carried out by state-owned corporation and the communication media used were very diverse and the telephone became the highest ranked communication media and included 3 types of information flow namely general information flow, material information flow, and financial information flow.
Smart tourism village, opportunity, and challenge in the disruptive era
Authors: Rudwiarti L A , Pudianti A , Emanuel A W R , Vitasurya V R , Hadi P
Published: June 2021

Tourism villages in the disruptive era inevitably have to adapt to technological advancements and the needs of millennials. The speed and clarity of information is a demand for the development of tourism villages today in addition to the innovation and uniqueness of tourist attractions. Efforts to build a model that is in line with these demands have begun to involve relevant stakeholders, i.e., village tourism managers, local governments, and tourists. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies are needed regarding the local wisdom of rural communities who are key actors in the development of tourism villages. This paper aims to explain the initial research in formulating a development model of smart tourism village based on information and communication technology. The case taken is tourism villages in Sleman district. A sampling of study cases in the form of tourism villages following the categories that have been determined by the Sleman Regency tourism office Initial search results show that there is no integration between village potential, systematic management, and meeting the needs of balanced tourists. This finding is the first step to formulate an ICT-based intelligent tourism village development model that is effective and efficient while still based on local wisdom in the effort to preserve nature and culture as a determining factor for the sustainability of tourism villages.
The existence of additional building in Sindangbarang Cultural Village in the disruptive era
Authors: Puspatarini R A , Handjajanti S , Utami L
Published: June 2021

Sindangbarang cultural village is a village that is still preserving Sundanese culture. Not many people know the existence of this village therefore through the trend of self portrait spot on social media, Sindangbarang cultural village has created additional buildings as self portrait spot in experiencing the Sundanese atmosphere. The additional buildings are not part of the Sundanese village but their existence reflect the Sundanese appearance. This changing phenomenon is seen as an opportunity in promoting’s Sindangbarang cultural village. In understanding the phenomenon, this article aims to explore how far Sundanese appearance exist on the additional buildings in Sindangbarang Cultural Village. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The study shows that additional buildings create changes to the original appearance of Sindangbarang Cultural Village. The result also suggested that in making collaboration between new and heritage context requires collaboration without having it off track from the main purpose of Sindangbarang Cultural Village.