bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implantation accuracy of novel polyimide stereotactic electroencephalographic depth electrodes—a human cadaveric study
Authors: Kullmann Aura , Akberali Farida , Van Gompel Jaime J. , McGovern Robert A. , Marsh W. Richard , Kridner Debra , Diaz-Botia Camilo A. , Park Michael C.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses depth electrodes stereotactically implanted into brain structures to map the origin and propagation of seizures in epileptic patients. Implantation accuracy of sEEG electrodes plays a critical role in the safety and efficacy of the procedure. This study used human cadaver heads, simulating clinical practice, to evaluate (1) neurosurgeon's ability to implant a new thin-film polyimide sEEG electrode according to the instructions for use (IFU), and (2) implantation accuracy.

Methods

Four neurosurgeons (users) implanted 24 sEEG electrodes into two cadaver heads with the aid of the ROSA robotic system. Usability was evaluated using a questionnaire that assessed completion of all procedure steps per IFU and user errors. For implantation accuracy evaluation, planned electrode trajectories were compared with post-implantation trajectories after fusion of pre- and postoperative computer tomography (CT) images. Implantation accuracy was quantified using the Euclidean distance for entry point error (EPE) and target point error (TPE).

Results

All sEEG electrodes were successfully placed following the IFU without user errors, and post-implant survey of users showed favorable handling characteristics. The EPE was 1.28 ± 0.86 mm and TPE was 1.61 ± 0.89 mm. Long trajectories (>50 mm) had significantly larger EPEs and TPEs than short trajectories (<50 mm), and no differences were found between orthogonal and oblique trajectories. Accuracies were similar or superior to those reported in the literature when using similar experimental conditions, and in the same range as those reported in patients.

Discussion

The results demonstrate that newly developed polyimide sEEG electrodes can be implanted as accurately as similar devices in the marker without user errors when following the IFU in a simulated clinical environment. The human cadaver ex-vivo test system provided a realistic test system, owing to the size, anatomy and similarity of tissue composition to that of the live human brain.
Motion planning framework based on dual-agent DDPG method for dual-arm robots guided by human joint angle constraints
Authors: Liang Keyao , Zha Fusheng , Guo Wei , Liu Shengkai , Wang Pengfei , Sun Lining
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Reinforcement learning has been widely used in robot motion planning. However, for multi-step complex tasks of dual-arm robots, the trajectory planning method based on reinforcement learning still has some problems, such as ample exploration space, long training time, and uncontrollable training process. Based on the dual-agent depth deterministic strategy gradient (DADDPG) algorithm, this study proposes a motion planning framework constrained by the human joint angle, simultaneously realizing the humanization of learning content and learning style. It quickly plans the coordinated trajectory of dual-arm for complex multi-step tasks.

Methods

The proposed framework mainly includes two parts: one is the modeling of human joint angle constraints. The joint angle is calculated from the human arm motion data measured by the inertial measurement unit (IMU) by establishing a human-robot dual-arm kinematic mapping model. Then, the joint angle range constraints are extracted from multiple groups of demonstration data and expressed as inequalities. Second, the segmented reward function is designed. The human joint angle constraint guides the exploratory learning process of the reinforcement learning method in the form of step reward. Therefore, the exploration space is reduced, the training speed is accelerated, and the learning process is controllable to a certain extent.

Results and discussion

The effectiveness of the framework was verified in the gym simulation environment of the Baxter robot's reach-grasp-align task. The results show that in this framework, human experience knowledge has a significant impact on the guidance of learning, and this method can more quickly plan the coordinated trajectory of dual-arm for multi-step tasks.
Imaging features of ALK-positive histiocytosis with neurological involvement: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Juan , Zheng Yan , Xiong Ying
Published: February 2024

Background

ALK-positive histiocytosis is an exceptionally rare neoplasm of histiocytes that predominantly involves the nervous system and can also affect the skin and other parts of the body. Previous relevant literature has provided limited information regarding the imaging manifestations of this disease with neurological involvement.

Methods

We reported a case of ALK-positive histiocytosis with multisystem involvement. Together with a comprehensive literature review, the imaging characteristics of this disease in the nervous system were summarized.

Results

A 3-year-old girl with abdominal pain and ambulation difficulty checked in at the Department of Pediatric Neurology. The initial diagnosis was “acute cerebellitis with ataxia” based on the elevated protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, despite 3 months of treatment, her condition deteriorated. MRI showed an oval-shaped, intradural extramedullary nodule at the T6–T7 level. The patient was ultimately diagnosed as ALK-positive histiocytosis, accompanied by cauda equina and skin involvement. The literature review showed a total of 23 patients who had involvement of the nervous system and provided imaging descriptions. Together with our case, the imaging features were summarized as follows: iso-dense or slightly hyperdense on computed tomography (CT), isointense or iso-hypointense on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), moderate homogeneous enhancement with mildly/markedly punctate enhancement or/and smooth ring enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), restricted diffusion on diffuse weighted imaging (DWI), and elevated fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Conclusion

The multimodal imaging findings of ALK-positive histiocytosis exhibit distinct characteristics, familiarity with which will enhance radiologists’ expertise and facilitate accurate diagnosis of this disease.
Update on ocular manifestations of the main monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Fonollosa Alex , Carreño Ester , Vitale Antonio , Jindal Ankur K. , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Pelegrín Laura , Santos-Zorrozua Borja , Gómez-Caverzaschi Verónica , Cantarini Luca , Fabiani Claudia , Hernández-Rodríguez José
Published: February 2024

Autoinflammatory diseases include disorders with a genetic cause and also complex syndromes associated to polygenic or multifactorial factors. Eye involvement is present in many of them, with different extent and severity. The present review covers ophthalmological lesions in the most prevalent monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, including FMF (familial Mediterranean fever), TRAPS (TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome), CAPS (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes), Blau syndrome, DADA2 (deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2), DITRA (deficiency of the interleukin-36 receptor antagonist), other monogenic disorders, including several ubiquitinopathies, interferonopathies, and the recently described ROSAH (retinal dystrophy, optic nerve edema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and headache) syndrome, and VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Among polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, ocular manifestations have been reviewed in Behçet’s disease, PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis) syndrome, Still’s disease and autoinflammatory bone diseases, which encompass CRMO (chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis) and SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) syndrome.
Significance of cervical secretion culture in predicting maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhenna , Xiu Xiaoyan , Zhong Liying , Wang Yi , Fang Zhuanji , Lin Shunhe , Huang Huihui
Published: February 2024

Background: To investigate the clinical value of cervical secretion culture in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in predicting maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of pregnant women who underwent obstetric examination and delivered in Fujian Maternal and Child Healthcare from December 2013 to December 2016. Pregnant women with a clear diagnosis of PROM, who underwent cervical secretion culture immediately after hospital admission were selected for the study. The primary outcome was the occurrence of chorioamnionitis. The secondary outcome was neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Correlation between maternal and fetal outcomes and the results of the cervical secretion culture was analyzed by one-way analysis and multifactorial analysis, respectively. The predictive efficacy of cervical secretion culture was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), area under the curve (AUC) and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results: A total of 7,727 pregnant women with PROM were included in the study. Of them, 1812 had positive cervical secretion cultures (635 positive for mycoplasma infection, 475 for bacterial, 637 for fungal, and 65 for chlamydial infections). Pregnant women with positive mycoplasma and bacterial cultures had higher rates of developing chorioamnionitis compared to women with negative cervical secretion cultures (9%, 12% vs. 1%, respectively). Similarly, positive mycoplasma and bacterial cultures were associated with higher rate of the preterm (before 34 weeks) labor (3%, 3% vs. 1% in women with negative cultures, respectively), and neonatal admission to the NICU (9%, 11% vs. 7%, respectively). After adjusting for various confounding factors, our analysis demonstrated that a positive cervical secretion culture for mycoplasma or bacterial pathogens remained an independent risk factor for chorioamnionitis. Cervical secretion culture outcome was less effective in predicting chorioamnionitis (AUC 0.569) compared to white blood count (WBC) (AUC 0.626) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (AUC 0.605). The IDI of the combined predictive model incorporating WBC, CRP, maternal fever and cervical secretion culture results was 0.0029.

Conclusion: Positive cervical secretion cultures, especially for mycoplasma and bacteria, are associated with higher incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the predictive value of this test is poor, and cannot be efficiently used for predicting chorioamnionitis.
Twice-daily rivaroxaban after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pan Yang-Qi , Jin Lu-Shen , Qian Sang , Jiang Ting , Wang Zhe-Ning , Chen Yi-Lian , Qiu Yi-Xuan , Wu Yi-Hao , Fu Jia-Yang , Li Ling , Lin Yuan-Nan , Li Yue-Chun
Published: February 2024

Background and aim: Rivaroxaban is an emerging oral anticoagulant for postoperative anticoagulation after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Because a once-daily dosing regimen of rivaroxaban causes fluctuations in the drug plasma concentration, we studied the feasibility and safety of twice-daily rivaroxaban as a postoperative anticoagulation regimen for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing LAAC.

Methods: This study involved patients with AF who underwent LAAC and took rivaroxaban postoperatively. A total of 326 patients who received a standard total dose (15 or 20 mg) of rivaroxaban based on their creatinine clearance rate were divided into the twice-daily (BID) rivaroxaban group (n = 208) and once-daily (QD) rivaroxaban group (n = 118) according to their anticoagulation strategy. Transesophageal echocardiography was recommended at 3–6 months postoperatively to check for device-related thrombosis (DRT). Clinical outcomes were evaluated during postoperative anticoagulation.

Results: The median CHA2DS2-VASc score (4 [3, 5] vs. 4 [3, 5], p = 0.28) and HAS-BLED score (2 [2, 3] vs. 2 [2, 3], p = 0.48) were not significantly different between the groups. During the anticoagulation period (4.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9 months, p = 0.58), 148 (71.2%) patients in the BID group and 75 (63.6%) in the QD group underwent follow-up transesophageal echocardiography. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of DRT (1.4% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.60), minor bleeding (8.2% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.39), thromboembolic events (1.0% vs. 0.8%, p = 1.00), major bleeding (0.5% vs. 0.8%, p = 1.00), or death.

Conclusion: A short course of twice-daily rivaroxaban following LAAC is a feasible alternative regimen with a low rate of major bleeding events, DRT, and thromboembolic events for patients with AF.
Neurovascular effects of cocaine: relevance to addiction
Authors: Clare Kevin , Park Kicheon , Pan Yingtian , Lejuez Carl W. , Volkow Nora D. , Du Congwu
Published: February 2024

Cocaine is a highly addictive drug, and its use is associated with adverse medical consequences such as cerebrovascular accidents that result in debilitating neurological complications. Indeed, brain imaging studies have reported severe reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cocaine misusers when compared to the brains of healthy non-drug using controls. Such CBF deficits are likely to disrupt neuro-vascular interaction and contribute to changes in brain function. This review aims to provide an overview of cocaine-induced CBF changes and its implication to brain function and to cocaine addiction, including its effects on tissue metabolism and neuronal activity. Finally, we discuss implications for future research, including targeted pharmacological interventions and neuromodulation to limit cocaine use and mitigate the negative impacts.
Silicon kerf loss as a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Søiland Anne-Karin , de Meatza Iratxe , Muguruza Ane , Xu Yijiang , Bellmann Martin
Published: February 2024

In this work, industrially processed silicon kerf loss (abbreviated to silicon kerf) from the photovoltaic industry is assessed as an anode material for the lithium-ion battery (LIB). The study includes both a characterization of processed silicon kerf from different sources and a comparison with commercially available nano-sized silicon (40 and 100 nm) in electrochemical testing. Such a direct comparison between these two silicon types in electrochemical testing provides a new insight into silicon kerf as an anode material. The silicon kerf particles are flake-like with varying lengths, with a mean particle size (d50) measured to ∼700 nm and a dimension of thickness of a few tens of nanometers. However, the specific surface area ranging from 20 to 26 m2/g is comparable to that of a silicon material of size ∼100 nm. The silicon oxide layer surrounding the particles was measured to 1–2 nm in thickness and, therefore, is in a suitable range for the LIB. In terms of electrochemical performance, the silicon kerf is on par with the commercial nano-sized silicon, further supporting the size evaluation based on the specific surface area considerations. Initial discharge capacities in the range 700–750 mAh/g (close to the theoretical value for the 12 wt% Si mixture with graphite) and first cycle efficiencies of 86%–92% are obtained. The cycling stability is comparable between the two materials, although the differential voltage analysis (DVA) of the galvanostatic data reveals that only the silicon kerf samples maintain silicon activity beyond 120 cycles. This study shows that industrially processed silicon kerf has characteristics similar to nano-sized silicon without reducing the size of the silicon kerf particles themselves. Considering its low carbon footprint and potentially lower cost, it can thus be an attractive alternative to nano-sized silicon as an anode material for the LIB industry.
Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in chronic pain patients
Authors: Vock Stephanie , Delker Anna , Rinderknecht Janna , Engel Felicitas , Wieland Sebastian , Beiner Eva , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Jarero Ignacio Nacho , Seidler Günter H. , Tesarz Jonas
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of chronic pain is increasing, and conventional pain therapies often have limited efficacy in individuals with high levels of psychological distress and a history of trauma. In this context, the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, is becoming increasingly important. EMDR shows promising results, particularly for patients with pain and high levels of emotional distress. Although group therapy is becoming increasingly popular in pain management, EMDR has mainly been studied as an individual treatment. However, a systematic review suggests that group therapy can be an effective tool for improving mental health outcomes, especially when trauma is addressed together. Based on these findings, an outpatient EMDR group program was developed for patients with chronic pain. The program consists of a total of four treatment days with 5–5.5 h therapy sessions each day and provides patients with a supportive environment in which they can learn effective pain management strategies and interact with other patients with similar experiences. Initial pilot evaluations indicate high efficacy and adequate safety for patients with chronic pain.
Lithuanian polyphonic songs sutartinės: the archaic nature of their musical language in the context of global music
Authors: Velička Eirimas
Published: February 2024

Lithuanian traditional polyphonic songs, known as sutartinės, are characterized by a distinctive musical language and have almost no analogues in world music. The aim of this article is to explore the peculiarities of their musical language and the socio-cultural context of their performance tradition in order to reveal their archaic origins. The archaic nature of sutartinės songs is shown not by individual features of their musical language, but by the totality of these features, the peculiarities of their poetics, and performance traditions. An examination of the musical elements and poetry of these songs, and their juxtaposition against examples of archaic vocal polyphony from other cultures, leads to the convergence of arguments in favour of the very ancient origins of these songs, possibly dating back to Old Europe (c. 3 millennium BC). A deeper insight into sutartinės songs significantly enriches our understanding of the origin and development of traditional vocal polyphony.
A review of the clinical characteristics and management of immunosuppressed patients living with HIV or solid organ transplants infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants
Authors: Song Yan , Lou Lixin , Zhang Kaiyu
Published: February 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron strain was first detected in South Africa in November 2021. Although clinical responses to SARS-CoV-2 depend on host immunity, it remains uncertain how immunosuppression affects subsequent coronavirus disease 2019-related (COVID-19-related) incidence, severity, and mortality, especially with respect to the omicron strain. Conversely, immunosuppressants are often thought to predispose to infection. To explore the associations between host immunity and infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, here we discuss two groups of immunosuppressed patients: organ transplant recipients, who generally receive exogenous immunosuppressants, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients, who often have disease-related immunosuppression. In summarizing the clinical features and prognoses of HIV-infected patients and human organ transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, we provide new insights into the pathogenesis of omicron SARS-CoV-2 and provide a framework for the management of these patients now and in the future.
Correlation analysis and clinical significance of changes in upper thoracic vertebra tilt and clavicle angle pre- and post-operation
Authors: Jiang Zhensong , Wang Haoyu , Cui Ran , Wang Xingpeng , Wang Yunhui , Sun Mingtong , Peng Fushuai , Li Tao , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Wen
Published: February 2024

The imbalance of the lateral shoulder is reflected by the clavicle angle (CA) in radiology. It remains unclear how to achieve postoperative lateral shoulder balance (LSB) after spinal deformity correction surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on AIS patients who underwent surgery by the same spine surgeon at our hospital from 2016 to 2020. A total of 110 patients with spinal deformity were included in the study to verify the correlation between the T1–T5 tilt angle and CA before and after surgery, as well as the relation-ship between the change in T1–T5 tilt angle before and after surgery and the change in CA before and after surgery. By comparing the correlation coefficients, it was found that there may not be a direct relationship between the pre- and postoperative tilt angles of T1–5 and CA, but their changes were closely related to the changes in CA. The change in T1 tilt angle after orthopaedic surgery was significantly correlated with the change in CA, with a correlation coefficient of 0.976, indicating a close relationship between T1 and the clavicle. As the vertebrae moved down, the correlation gradually decreased. In summary, this study suggests that there is a close relationship between T1–T5 and the clavicle and that the change in T1 tilt angle after spinal scoliosis correction surgery is significantly correlated with CA, which decreases as the vertebra moves down.
Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand
Authors: Arjkumpa Orapun , Wachoom Wanwisa , Puyati Bopit , Jindajang Sirima , Suwannaboon Minta , Premashthira Sith , Prarakamawongsa Tippawon , Dejyong Tosapol , Sansamur Chalutwan , Salvador Roderick , Jainonthee Chalita , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Thailand experienced a nationwide outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in 2021, highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in beef cattle herds across different regions of Thailand.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted in upper northeastern, northeastern, and central regions, where face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the factors associated with LSD outbreaks. A total of 489 beef herds, including 161 LSD outbreak herds and 328 non-LSD herds, were investigated.

Results and discussion

Results showed that 66% of farmers have operated beef herds for more than five years. There were very few animal movements during the outbreak period. None of the cattle had been vaccinated with LSD vaccines. Insects that have the potential to act as vectors for LSD were observed in all herds. Thirty-four percent of farmers have implemented insect control measures. The final mixed effect logistic regression model identified herds operating for more than five years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.53) and the absence of insect control management on the herd (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29–3.25) to be associated with LSD outbreaks. The implementation of insect-vector control measures in areas at risk of LSD, especially for herds without vaccination against the disease, should be emphasized. This study provides the first report on risk factors for LSD outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in Thailand and offers useful information for the development of LSD prevention and control programs within the country’s context.
Simulation Analysis and Optimization Design of Paddy Field Mud Spreader Blades for Uniform Dispersion
Authors: Ren Jinbo , Chen Chongcheng , Bao Difa , Wu Xinhui , Zheng Shuhe
Published: February 2024

To improve the distribution of mud particles collected in the tray during the operation of paddy field mud spreader blades, the optimal combination of parameters for the blades that results in the best uniformity of mud dispersion needs to be identified. In this study, a thorough force analysis was conducted on the spreading process, and computational equations were formulated to describe the motion of mud particles. By utilizing the discrete element simulation technique, a simulation model was developed to accurately represent the intricate interaction between the blades and mud particles. Through the single-factor simulation experiments, the ranges of key parameters such as the rotation radius, bending angle, sub-blade tilt angle, forward velocity, and rotational speed of the blade were determined. A secondary orthogonal rotational combination design was employed to establish a regression prediction model between the non-uniformity of mud dispersion and the key blade parameters. Subsequently, a multivariate single-objective optimization method was used to develop an optimization model for the non-uniformity of mud dispersion. The results indicate that the hierarchical order of factors influencing the non-uniformity of mud dispersion is as follows: rotation radius > rotation speed > bending angle > forward velocity > sub-blade tilt angle. To achieve a minimum spreading non-uniformity of 29.63%, a specific configuration is required, which includes a blade rotation radius of 188 mm, a bending angle of 121°, a sub-blade tilt angle of 30°, a forward velocity of 400 mm/s, and a rotation speed of 191 r/min. Finally, the accuracy of the optimization results was verified by means of bench tests. The research results provide a crucial reference for enhancing the uniformity of mud dispersion in paddy field mud spreader blades.
Response of Yield Formation of Maize Hybrids to Different Planting Densities
Authors: Mandić Violeta , Đorđević Snežana , Brankov Milan , Živković Vladimir , Lazarević Marina , Keškić Tanja , Krnjaja Vesna
Published: February 2024

Crop density is a means that controls grain yield establishment. This study was focused on evaluating the effect of four crop densities (CD1—50,125 plants ha−1, CD2—59,523 plants ha−1, CD3—69,686 plants ha−1, and CD4—79,365 plants ha−1) on yield components, grain yield, sustainable yield index (SYI), and rain use efficiency (RUE) of the maize hybrids ZP 500, NS 5010, and AS 534 during 2016–2018. In 2017, due to unfavorable meteorological conditions, ear length, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, SYI, and RUE were low compared to 2016 and 2018. The hybrid NS 5010 had the lowest ear length, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and SYI. Increasing crop density significantly decreased yield components and increased grain yield, SYI, and RUE. The lowest ear length was recorded in treatments CD3 and CD4, the lowest number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, and 1000-grain weight in treatment CD4. However, the highest grain yield, SYI, and RUE were recorded in the CD4 treatment because the number of plants per unit area is an essential determinant of the final grain yield.
Soil Microbiome of Abandoned Plaggic Podzol of Different-Aged Fallow Lands and Native Podzol in South Taiga (Leningrad Region)
Authors: Lavrishchev Anton , Litvinovich Andrey , Abakumov Evgeny , Kimeklis Anastasia , Gladkov Grigory , Andronov Evgeny , Polyakov Vyacheslav
Published: February 2024

The soil microbiome is composed of various communities that play an important role in the existence of ecosystem services and the sustainable functioning of ecosystems under high anthropogenic loads. The transition of soils to a fallow state and their subsequent transformation lead to a notable alteration in the taxonomic composition of the soil microbiome, impacting the biochemical processes within the soil and its fertility levels. The object of this study comprised different-aged fallow soils of the southern taiga in the vicinity of Ban’kovo village, Leningrad region. The method comprising the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments using an Illumina MiSEQ sequencer was used to analyze the microbial community. The general processing of sequences was carried out with the dada2 (v1.14.1) package. It was found that the morphological organization of fallow soils has significant differences from the native podzol. In fallow soils, there are signs of leaching expressed in the accumulation of leached mineral particles, which indicates the degradation of the fallow–arable horizon. At the same time, there is a decrease in the content of P2O5 and K2O and an increase in the content of N-NH4 and N-NO3 in fallow soil. The analysis of alpha diversity index values showed that the highest level of alpha diversity in the microbial community is characteristic of 40-year-old soil, the alpha diversity index decreased with the increasing time of the fallow state, and the lowest alpha diversity index was observed in the native podzol. According to the values of the beta diversity index, a high correlation between the soil microbiome and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil was revealed, which indicates the formation of functional specialization in the studied microbial communities. As a result of the study of the taxonomic composition of microbial communities in fallow soils, it was found that the most represented microbial communities in fallow soils belong to Nitrosomonadaceae (Pseudomonadota), Mycobacterium (Actinobacteria), Nitrospira (Nitrospirota), and Luteolibacter (Verrucomicrobiota). The duration of post-agrogenic transformation is the leading factor influencing the changes in microbial communities; so, with an increase in the time that soils were in a fallow state, an increase in the oligotrophic microbial community was observed.
In Vitro Antiviral and Virucidal Activity of Ozone against Feline Calicivirus
Authors: Catella Cristiana , Pellegrini Francesco , Carbonari Alice , Burgio Matteo , Patruno Giovanni , Rizzo Annalisa , Trombetta Claudia Maria , Palmisani Jolanda , Martella Vito , Camero Michele , Lanave Gianvito
Published: February 2024

The Caliciviridae family includes several viral pathogens of humans and animals, including norovirus (NoV), genus Norovirus, and feline calicivirus (FCV), genus Vesivirus. Due to their resistance in the environment, NoV and FCV may give rise to nosocomial infections, and indirect transmission plays a major role in their diffusion in susceptible populations. A pillar of the control of viruses resistant to an environment is the adoption of prophylaR1.6ctic measures, including disinfection. Since NoVs are not cultivatable in common cell cultures, FCV has been largely used as a surrogate of NoV for the assessment of effective disinfectants. Ozone (O3), a molecule with strong oxidizing properties, has shown strong microbicidal activity on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. In this study, the virucidal and antiviral activities of an O3/O2 gas mixture containing O3 were tested at different concentrations (20, 35, and 50 μg/mL) for distinct contact times against FCV. The O3/O2 gas mixture showed virucidal and antiviral activities against FCV in a dose- and contact time-dependent fashion. Ozonation could be considered as a valid strategy for the disinfection of environments at risk of contamination by FCV and NoV.
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Rabbit Cadavers: Anatomical Description and Measurements of Injectate Spread Using One- and Two-Point Approaches
Authors: Serino Federica , Pennasilico Luca , Galosi Margherita , Palumbo Piccionello Angela , Tambella Adolfo Maria , Di Bella Caterina
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to describe one-point (preiliac approach) and two-point (preiliac and retrocostal approach) blocks of the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) on a cadaveric model. For this purpose, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles was performed and, after dissection of tissues, the areas and percentage of nerve fibers involved were analyzed. Injection into the TAP plexus of a 1 mL/kg solution of 2% lidocaine and 1% methylene blue (1:1) was performed in 30 rabbit cadavers. In fifteen rabbits (group S), the solution was inoculated at the preiliac level. In the other 15 rabbits (group D), the solution was divided into two inoculations (0.5 mL/kg at the retrocostal level and 0.5 mL/kg at the preiliac level). All cadavers were then dissected and stained spinal nerve branches were measured. Moreover, the percentage of length, height and the total area of the stained tissue were calculated. In the S group, T10, T11 and T12 nerve eminences were successfully stained in 18%, 52% and 75% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, L1, L2, L3 and L4 were stained in 95%, 100%, 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. In group D, the ventromedial eminence of T10, T11 and T12 were stained in 68.1%, 100% and 98% of cases, respectively, and L1, L2, L3 and L4 were stained in 88%, 100%, 62% and 31% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, a two-point TAP block is more effective in covering the nerve eminences of the cranial abdomen than the preiliac approach alone.
Establishment and Characterization of a Primary Fibroblast Cell Culture from the Amazonian Manatee (Trichechus inunguis)
Authors: Tavares Flávia dos Santos , Martins Cesar , Delella Flávia Karina , Nascimento Luís Adriano Santos do , Rodrigues Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo , Moreira Sávia , Cardoso Adauto Lima , Noronha Renata Coelho Rodrigues
Published: February 2024

The vulnerable status of the Amazon manatee, Trichechus inunguis, indicates the need to seek measures to guarantee its conservation. In this context, the cultivation of cells in vitro is a strategy that should at least guarantee the preservation of their genetic material. Thus, we established for the first time a primary culture of Amazonian manatee fibroblasts (TINsf) from a skin biopsy of a young male. Karyotypic analysis of the 3rd, 7th, and 12th passages confirmed the taxonomic identity of the species T. inunguis (2n = 56/NF = 92) and indicated that this culture presents genomic stability. Gene and protein expression of vimentin at the 13th passage show the predominant presence of fibroblasts in TINsf. To test the cell line’s responsiveness to materials and demonstrate a possible application of this culture, it was exposed to andiroba seed oil (ASO), and its viability and proliferative capacity were evaluated. ASO demonstrated toxic effects at the highest concentrations and longest exposure times tested, reproducing results observed in human cultures, indicating the applicability of TINsf in toxicological and biotechnological studies. After cryopreservation, the TINsf line maintained its proliferative potential, indicating the establishment of a new culture available for future studies.
Current State of Mugger Populations
Authors: Bors Milena Sylwia , Gowri Shankar Pogiri , Gruszczyńska Joanna
Published: February 2024

The mugger (Crocodylus palustris) is a medium-sized crocodilian inhabiting South Asia. As a result of intensive hunting, its range declined drastically up till the 1970s. Currently, the world mugger population is fragmented and threatened mainly by habitat loss and the consequences of human–crocodile conflict, being classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. The goal of this paper is to comprehensively determine the mugger’s current range, and assess risks in notable habitats of the species across its range. To determine the range and notable habitats, extensive literature covering surveys, monitoring, population studies and reports of human–crocodile conflict was examined. Habitat suitability and risk assessment were performed by evaluating selected habitats using eight factors: the legal status of the area, elevation, surface water availability, water quality, salinity, availability of nesting and basking sites, interaction with humans and interspecific competition. Based on our findings, the chances of the mugger’s survival varies greatly across its range and the threats they face are complex and often site-specific. Defining these threats is the first step for determining suitable risk mitigation efforts, some of which are explored in this review.
Research on Kinematics and Efficiency Calculation of Binary Logic Planetary Gearbox Based on Graph Theory
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wu Zhe , Shen Jingtao , Cui Suxiao , Cui Yanping
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the graph theory model of the kinematics of the double internal meshing planetary gear is established by splitting the k value of the planetary gear, the system matrix of the dual-state logic planetary gear transmission is assembled, the logic characteristics of the dual-state logic planetary gear transmission control are analyzed, the logic characteristic table of the 32-gear control is established, and the system model of the kinematics analysis and calculation of the entire planetary gear transmission is established. The expressions of rotational speed and transmission ratio of each component (including planetary gear) of the planetary gear in 32 gears are solved and obtained. The efficiency expression of each gear is derived through the Kleinas method, the calculation of the transmission ratio and efficiency of the 32 gears is completed, and the system efficiency diagram is drawn, which provides a reliable basis for the structural design, shift dynamic simulation analysis, and test verification of the dual-state logic planetary transmission.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Bone Healing and Joint Preservation: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Caruso Gaetano , Massari Leo , Lentini Sebastiano , Setti Stefania , Gambuti Edoardo , Saracco Achille
Published: February 2024

Background: Biophysical stimulation therapy, Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) and Capacitively Coupled Electric Fields (CCEFs) have significantly increased in the last twenty years. Due to this, it is necessary to have clear information regarding their efficacy, therapeutic indications and expected objectives. Application fields: There is a unanimous opinion regarding the usefulness of applying biophysical therapy on the bone compartment both in terms of the tissue-healing process and the symptoms associated with this situation. Differently, but no less important, positive results were observed in the joint compartment, especially with regard to the inhibition of the inflammatory process. Good results for chondroprotection were obtained in vitro and after a surgical procedure. New studies have shown the effectiveness also in cases of osteoporosis. Conclusions: The effectiveness of PEMFs and CCEFs on the bone-healing process and on joint preservation in the orthopedic and traumatology fields has consolidated evidence in the literature. We have also found positive results for symptoms and patient compliance with rehabilitation therapies. Therefore, their notable applications can be envisaged in the fields of prosthetic surgery and sports medicine.
Immune-Enhancing Effects of Marine Algae Extracts: Modulation of Macrophage Activation by Sargassum horneri, Sargassum fusiforme, and Undaria pinnatifida
Authors: Sanjay  , Yoon Na Young , Park Eun-Jung , Lee Hae-Jeung
Published: February 2024

The immune system acts as a defense mechanism against foreign antigens. Impairment of the immune system leads to the development of chronic diseases such as respiratory infections, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Macrophages, natural scavengers that are part of innate immunity, are known to directly participate in scavenging foreign antigens. The functional modulation of macrophages could be an effective treatment for pathogens. Seaweeds are marine macroalgae known to exhibit multiple bioactive properties. Thus, this study evaluated the immune-enhancing properties of marine brown algae extracts of Sargassum horneri (SH), Undaria pinnatifida (UP), and Sargassum fusiforme (SF) on murine macrophage cells. The results showed that all three algal extracts stimulated cell proliferation. SH and UP outshined SF in enhancing the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 at almost all the concentrations tested as compared to SF which showed similar effects only at 200 or 400 μg/mL. A similar trend was seen in TNF-α, NO, and PGE2 production. Additionally, only SH and SF could enhance the mRNA expression levels of IL-12, and only SH upregulated the mRNA expression level of IL-10. The algal extracts also enhanced the phagocytosis activity of macrophages at 50–400 μg/mL for SH and 100–400 μg/mL for UP and SF. In conclusion, we found that these algal extracts could be considered immunomodulators that enhance the functional activity of macrophages.
Analysis of Head Micromovements and Body Posture for Vigilance Decrement Assessment
Authors: Rossi Dario , Aricò Pietro , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Ronca Vincenzo , Giorgi Andrea , Vozzi Alessia , Capotorto Rossella , Inguscio Bianca M. S. , Cartocci Giulia , Babiloni Fabio , Borghini Gianluca
Published: February 2024

Vigilance refers to the capability of humans to respond accordingly to relevant and unpredictable tasks and surrounding environment changes over prolonged periods of time. Identifying vigilance decrements can, therefore, have huge and vital impacts on several operational environments in which a simple slip of mind or a deficit in attention can bear life-threatening and disastrous consequences. Several methodologies have been proposed to assess and characterize vigilance, and the results have indicated that the sole measure of performance and self-reports are not enough to obtain reliable and real-time vigilance measure. Nowadays, monitoring head and body movements to obtain information about performance in daily activities, health conditions, and mental states has become very simple and cheap due to the miniaturization of inertial measurement units and their widespread integration into common electronic devices (e.g., smart glasses, smartwatches). The present study aimed to understand the relationship between head micromovements and body posture changes to vigilance decrease while performing the psychomotor vigilance task. The results highlighted that head micromovements can be employed to track vigilance decrement during prolonged periods of time and discriminate between conditions of high or low vigilance.
Design of Conical Foundations with Increased Bearing Capacity in Areas of Undermined Soils
Authors: Zhussupbekov Askar , Sarsembayeva Assel , Bazarov Baurzhan , Omarov Abdulla
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the foundations of a conical shape directed with their apex downwards to increase the cross-sectional area and, accordingly, the bearing capacity during settlement and under the influence of horizontal tensile strains in undermined areas. To simulate the deformability of undermined and seismically exposed foundations, a three-dimensional expandable box was manufactured and assembled. Models of a conical foundation with an aperture angle of the cones at 90° and 80° were buried into the soil at 0.75 of its height, in order to provide a safety margin for further loading due to an increase in the bearing area when the cone is immersed deeper into the ground. Laboratory and field tests were performed on the vertical loading of single cones before and after horizontal soil displacement. Numerical modeling of the interaction between soil and foundation was carried out for conical foundation models that were considered for laboratory and field testing using the Plaxis 2D (Version 8.2) program. To compare the bearing capacity, isolated shallow foundations with a diameter equal to the cross section of the conical foundation at the intersection with the ground surface were tested. The isolated shallow foundations lost their bearing capacity after 0.15 kN in laboratory tests and after 75 kN in the field tests, while the ultimate bearing capacity of conical foundations with the similar cross section at the soil surface was not achieved, even after 0.2 kN during laboratory tests with horizontal soil displacement and at a load of 100 kN in field tests.
Influence of Wind Flows on Surface O3 Variation over a Coastal Province in Southeast China
Authors: Shen Yukun , Liu Jane , Chen Zhixiong , Yang Mengmiao , Shu Lei , Gai Chende , Jiang Yongcheng
Published: February 2024

Surface ozone (O3) is influenced not only by anthropogenic emissions but also by meteorological factors, with wind direction being one of the most overlooked factors. Here, we combine the observational data of both O3 and wind flow to compare the variation in surface O3 with wind direction between coastal and inland regions of Fujian, a province in the southeast coast of China with complicated topography. We further conduct a numerical simulation using a global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, to interpret the observational results, explore the linkages between these O3 variations and wind flows, and identify the dominant processes for the occurrence of high O3 that varies with wind flows. The results from the observations over 2015–2021 suggest that, over coastal regions, surface O3 concentrations show a strong dependence on wind flow changes. On average, during the daytime, when southeasterly winds prevail, the mean of O3 concentrations reaches 83.5 μg/m3, which is 5.0 μg/m3 higher than its baseline values (the mean O3 concentrations), while the northwesterly winds tend to reduce surface O3 by 6.4 μg/m3. The positive O3 anomalies with southeasterly wind are higher in the autumn and summer than in the spring and winter. During the nighttime, the onshore northeasterly winds are associated with enhanced O3 levels, likely due to the airmass containing less NO2, alleviating the titration effects. Over inland regions, however, surface O3 variations are less sensitive to wind flow changes. The GEOS-Chem simulations show that the prevailing southeasterly and southwesterly winds lead to the positive anomaly of chemical reactions of O3 over coastal regions, suggesting enhanced photochemical production rates. Furthermore, southeasterly winds also aid in transporting more O3 from the outer regions into the coastal regions of Fujian, which jointly results in elevated surface O3 when southeasterly winds dominates. When affected by wind flows in different directions, the chemical reaction and transport in the inland regions do not exhibit significant differences regarding their impact on O3. This could be one of the reasons for the difference in O3 distribution between coastal and inland regions. This study could help to deepen our understanding of O3 pollution and aid in providing an effective warning of high-O3 episodes.