bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive characterization of maternal, fetal, and neonatal microbiomes supports prenatal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Park Jee Yoon , Yun Huiyoung , Lee Seung-been , Kim Hyeon Ji , Jung Young Hwa , Choi Chang Won , Shin Jong-Yeon , Park Joong Shin , Seo Jeong-Sun
Published: March 2023

In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the microbiomes of various samples from pregnant women and their neonates, and to explore the similarities and associations between mother-neonate pairs, sample collection sites, and obstetrical factors. We collected samples from vaginal discharge and amniotic fluid in pregnant women and umbilical cord blood, gastric liquid, and meconium from neonates. We identified 19,597,239 bacterial sequences from 641 samples of 141 pregnant women and 178 neonates. By applying rigorous filtering criteria to remove contaminants, we found evidence of microbial colonization in traditionally considered sterile intrauterine environments and the fetal gastrointestinal track. The microbiome distribution was strongly grouped by sample collection site, rather than the mother-neonate pairs. The distinct bacterial composition in meconium, the first stool passed by newborns, supports that microbial colonization occurs during normal pregnancy. The microbiome in neonatal gastric liquid was similar, but not identical, to that in maternal amnionic fluid, as expected since fetuses swallow amnionic fluid in utero and their urine returns to the fluid under normal physiological conditions. Establishing a microbiome library from various samples formed only during pregnancy is crucial for understanding human development and identifying microbiome modifications in obstetrical complications.
Network-level analysis of ageing and its relationship with diseases and tissue regeneration in the mouse liver
Authors: Porukala Manisri , Vinod P. K.
Published: March 2023

The liver plays a vital role in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis, compound detoxification and has the unique ability to regenerate itself post-injury. Ageing leads to functional impairment of the liver and predisposes the liver to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mapping the molecular changes of the liver with ageing may help to understand the crosstalk of ageing with different liver diseases. A systems-level analysis of the ageing-induced liver changes and its crosstalk with liver-associated conditions is lacking. In the present study, we performed network-level analyses of the ageing liver using mouse transcriptomic data and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. A sample-wise analysis using network entropy measure was performed, which showed an increasing trend with ageing and helped to identify ageing genes based on local entropy changes. To gain further insights, we also integrated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between young and different age groups with the PPI network and identified core modules and nodes associated with ageing. Finally, we computed the network proximity of the ageing network with different networks of liver diseases and regeneration to quantify the effect of ageing. Our analysis revealed the complex interplay of immune, cancer signalling, and metabolic genes in the ageing liver. We found significant network proximities between ageing and NAFLD, HCC, liver damage conditions, and the early phase of liver regeneration with common nodes including NLRP12, TRP53, GSK3B, CTNNB1, MAT1 and FASN. Overall, our study maps the network-level changes of ageing and their interconnections with the physiology and pathology of the liver.
A mixed model of heat exchange in stationary honeybee foragers
Authors: Stabentheiner Anton , Kovac Helmut
Published: March 2023

During foraging honeybees are always endothermic to stay ready for immediate flight and to promote fast exploitation of resources. This means high energetic costs. Since energy turnover of foragers may vary in a broad range, energetic estimations under field conditions have remained uncertain. We developed an advanced model, combining the benefits of mechanistic and correlative models, which enables estimation of the energy turnover of stationary foragers from measurements of body surface temperature, ambient air temperature and global radiation. A comprehensive dataset of simultaneously measured energy turnover (ranging from 4 to 85 mW) and body surface temperature (thorax surface temperature ranging from 33.3 to 45 °C) allowed the direct verification of model accuracy. The model variants enable estimation of the energy turnover of stationary honeybee foragers with high accuracy both in shade and in sunshine, with SD of residuals = 5.7 mW and R2 = 0.89. Its prediction accuracy is similar throughout the main range of environmental conditions foragers usually experience, covering any combination of ambient air temperature of 14–38 °C and global radiation of 3–1000 W m−2.
Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid
Authors: de Queiroz Hernandez Paula Martins , Cotrin Paula , Valarelli Fabricio Pinelli , de Oliveira Ricardo Cesar Gobbi , Bispo Carina Gisele Costa , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Oliveira Renata Cristina , Cotrin Dra. Paula
Published: March 2023

To compare the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling in the view of laypersons, dentists, and specialists. The sample comprised close-up frontal and lateral photographs of the lips of 16 women who underwent lip filling procedure with hyaluronic acid and was divided into 2 groups. Group 1: eight women with thinner lips at pretreatment. Group 2: eight female patients with thicker lips at pretreatment. Photographs from before and 10 days after lip filling were used to assess attractiveness randomly displayed in a Google Forms questionnaire and then sent via a messaging app to the evaluators. The evaluators' groups were general dentists, dentists with degrees in facial aesthetics, and laypersons. The attractiveness was evaluated with scores from 0 to 10 (0: least attractive and 10 the greatest). T-tests were used for the statistical comparisons. The group with thinner lips showed significantly improved attractiveness after filling. The group with thicker lips showed a worsening attractiveness after filling. The group with thicker lips had significantly higher attractiveness scores than those with thinner lips. There was no significant difference in the preference between men and women. The group of laypersons was more rigorous, giving significantly lower lip attractiveness scores. Thinner lips showed a significant improvement in attractiveness after filling. Thicker lips showed a worsening of the attractiveness score after filling. Before and after filling, thicker lips had significantly higher attractiveness scores than thinner lips.

Clinical relevance: The amount of fillers applied to each patient must be individually evaluated.
Human memory T cell dynamics after aluminum-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Tavukcuoglu Ece , Yanik Hamdullah , Parveen Mubaida , Uluturk Sila , Durusu-Tanriover Mine , Inkaya Ahmet Cagkan , Akova Murat , Unal Serhat , Esendagli Gunes
Published: March 2023

This study evaluates the functional capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ terminally-differentiated effector (TEMRA), central memory (TCM), and effector memory (TEM) cells obtained from the volunteers vaccinated with an aluminum-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac). The volunteers were followed for T cell immune responses following the termination of a randomized phase III clinical trial. Seven days and four months after the second dose of the vaccine, the memory T cell subsets were collected and stimulated by autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) loaded with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1. Compared to the placebo group, memory T cells from the vaccinated individuals significantly proliferated in response to S1-loaded mDCs. CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell proliferation was detected in 86% and 78% of the vaccinated individuals, respectively. More than 73% (after a short-term) and 62% (after an intermediate-term) of the vaccinated individuals harbored TCM and/or TEM cells that responded to S1-loaded mDCs by secreting IFN-γ. The expression of CD25, CD38, 4-1BB, PD-1, and CD107a indicated a modulation in the memory T cell subsets. Especially on day 120, PD-1 was upregulated on CD4+ TEMRA and TCM, and on CD8+ TEM and TCM cells; accordingly, proliferation and IFN-γ secretion capacities tended to decline after 4 months. In conclusion, the combination of inactivated whole-virion particles with aluminum adjuvants possesses capacities to induce functional T cell responses.
Machine learning based combination of multi-omics data for subgroup identification in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Khadirnaikar Seema , Shukla Sudhanshu , Prasanna S. R. M.
Published: March 2023

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Identifying novel subtypes in cancer can help classify patients with similar molecular and clinical phenotypes. This work proposes an end-to-end pipeline for subgroup identification in NSCLC. Here, we used a machine learning (ML) based approach to compress the multi-omics NSCLC data to a lower dimensional space. This data is subjected to consensus K-means clustering to identify the five novel clusters (C1–C5). Survival analysis of the resulting clusters revealed a significant difference in the overall survival of clusters (p-value: 0.019). Each cluster was then molecularly characterized to identify specific molecular characteristics. We found that cluster C3 showed minimal genetic aberration with a high prognosis. Next, classification models were developed using data from each omic level to predict the subgroup of unseen patients. Decision‑level fused classification models were then built using these classifiers, which were used to classify unseen patients into five novel clusters. We also showed that the multi-omics-based classification model outperformed single-omic-based models, and the combination of classifiers proved to be a more accurate prediction model than the individual classifiers. In summary, we have used ML models to develop a classification method and identified five novel NSCLC clusters with different genetic and clinical characteristics.
Separation, reserve estimation and radioactivity responsibility of the economic heavy minerals of East El- Arish black sand, North Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Awad M. , El Mezayen A. M. , El Alfi S. M. , Ali H. H. , Sayyed M. I. , Hanfi M. Y.
Published: March 2023

Multi-heavy mineral separation techniques like density, magnetic, and electromagnetic techniques are followed by picking, grain counting, and mineralogical examinations conducted with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). These techniques have been applied to several drill hole (well) composite samples representing beach sand and dunes of East El-Arish area, North Sinai, Egypt. The results explain the remarkable enrichment in total heavy minerals (THM) of beach sand (4.4%) compared to sand dunes (2.6%): this is due to the natural concentration of the currents of the Mediterranean Sea. After characterizing the heavy minerals in terms of the abundance of each mineral species, the mean values of content relative to total economic heavy minerals (TEHM) were determined as 70.03% ilmenite, 3.81% leucoxene, 3.03% magnetite, 8.7% garnet, 10.6% zircon, 3.13% rutile, 0.37% monazite, and 0.31% titanite in the sand dune samples. The total economic heavy minerals in the beach samples were 64.08% ilmenite, 1.6% leucoxene, 2.84% magnetite, 18.16% garnet, 10.4% zircon, 2.18% rutile, 0.61% monazite, and 0.13% titanite. Monazite, thorite, zircon, and apatite are the main radioactive minerals in the study area. The combination of two specific characteristics of the studied monazite (relatively high Th-U content and high frequency) makes monazite the main contributor to radioactivity of the study area.
Environmental transmission of Pseudogymnoascus destructans to hibernating little brown bats
Authors: Hicks Alan C. , Darling Scott R. , Flewelling Joel E. , von Linden Ryan , Meteyer Carol U. , Redell David N. , White J. Paul , Redell Jennifer , Smith Ryan , Blehert David S. , Rayman-Metcalf Noelle L. , Hoyt Joseph R. , Okoniewski Joseph C. , Langwig Kate E.
Published: March 2023

Pathogens with persistent environmental stages can have devastating effects on wildlife communities. White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has caused widespread declines in bat populations of North America. In 2009, during the early stages of the WNS investigation and before molecular techniques had been developed to readily detect P. destructans in environmental samples, we initiated this study to assess whether P. destructans can persist in the hibernaculum environment in the absence of its conclusive bat host and cause infections in naive bats. We transferred little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from an unaffected winter colony in northwest Wisconsin to two P. destructans contaminated hibernacula in Vermont where native bats had been excluded. Infection with P. destructans was apparent on some bats within 8 weeks following the introduction of unexposed bats to these environments, and mortality from WNS was confirmed by histopathology at both sites 14 weeks following introduction. These results indicate that environmental exposure to P. destructans is sufficient to cause the infection and mortality associated with WNS in naive bats, which increases the probability of winter colony extirpation and complicates conservation efforts.
Steady state oscillations of circular currents in concentric polariton condensates
Authors: Lukoshkin Vladimir , Sedov Evgeny , Kalevich Vladimir , Hatzopoulos Z. , Savvidis P. G. , Kavokin Alexey
Published: March 2023

Concentric ring exciton polariton condensates emerging under non-resonant laser pump in an annular trapping potential support persistent circular currents of polaritons. The trapping potential is formed by a cylindrical micropillar etched in a semiconductor microcavity with embedded quantum wells and a repulsive cloud of optically excited excitons under the pump spot. The symmetry of the potential is subject to external control via manipulation by its pump-induced component. In the manuscript, we demonstrate excitation of concentric ring polariton current states with predetermined vorticity which we trace using interferometry measurements with a spherical reference wave. We also observe the polariton condensate dynamically changing its vorticity during observation, which results in pairs of fork-like dislocations on the time-averaged interferogram coexisting with azimuthally homogeneous photoluminescence distribution in the micropillar.
Responsive fungal insoles for pressure detection
Authors: Nikolaidou Anna , Phillips Neil , Tsompanas Michail-Antisthenis , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: March 2023

Mycelium bound composites are promising materials for a diverse range of applications including wearables and building elements. Their functionality surpasses some of the capabilities of traditionally passive materials, such as synthetic fibres, reconstituted cellulose fibres and natural fibres. Thereby, creating novel propositions including augmented functionality (sensory) and aesthetic (personal fashion). Biomaterials can offer multiple modal sensing capability such as mechanical loading (compressive and tensile) and moisture content. To assess the sensing potential of fungal insoles we undertook laboratory experiments on electrical response of bespoke insoles made from capillary matting colonised with oyster fungi Pleurotus ostreatus to compressive stress which mimics human loading when standing and walking. We have shown changes in electrical activity with compressive loading. The results advance the development of intelligent sensing insoles which are a building block towards more generic reactive fungal wearables. Using FitzHugh-Nagumo model we numerically illustrated how excitation wave-fronts behave in a mycelium network colonising an insole and shown that it may be possible to discern pressure points from the mycelium electrical activity.
Establishing a prediction model of severe acute mountain sickness using machine learning of support vector machine recursive feature elimination
Authors: Yang Min , Wu Yang , Yang Xing-biao , Liu Tao , Zhang Ya , Zhuo Yue , Luo Yong , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2023

Severe acute mountain sickness (sAMS) can be life-threatening, but little is known about its genetic basis. The study was aimed to explore the genetic susceptibility of sAMS for the purpose of prediction, using microarray data from 112 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of 21 subjects, who were exposed to very high altitude (5260 m), low barometric pressure (406 mmHg), and hypobaric hypoxia (VLH) at various timepoints. We found that exposure to VLH activated gene expression in leukocytes, resulting in an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio that interacted with other phenotypic risk factors at the genetic level. A total of 2286 underlying risk genes were input into the support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) system for machine learning, and a model with satisfactory predictive accuracy and clinical applicability was established for sAMS screening using ten featured genes with significant predictive power. Five featured genes (EPHB3, DIP2B, RHEBL1, GALNT13, and SLC8A2) were identified upstream of hypoxia- and/or inflammation-related pathways mediated by microRNAs as potential biomarkers for sAMS. The established prediction model of sAMS holds promise for clinical application as a genetic screening tool for sAMS.
Seeing through the eyes of the sabertooth Thylacosmilus atrox (Metatheria, Sparassodonta)
Authors: Gaillard Charlène , MacPhee Ross D. E. , Forasiepi Analía M.
Published: March 2023

The evolution of mammalian vision is difficult to study because the actual receptor organs—the eyes—are not preserved in the fossil record. Orbital orientation and size are the traditional proxies for inferring aspects of ocular function, such as stereoscopy. Adaptations for good stereopsis have evolved in living predaceous mammals, and it is reasonable to infer that fossil representatives would follow the same pattern. This applies to the sparassodonts, an extinct group of South American hypercarnivores related to marsupials, with one exception. In the sabertoothThylacosmilus atrox, the bony orbits were notably divergent, like those of a cow or a horse, and thus radically differing from conditions in any other known mammalian predator. Orbital convergence alone, however, does not determine presence of stereopsis; frontation and verticality of the orbits also play a role. We show that the orbits ofThylacosmiluswere frontated and verticalized in a way that favored some degree of stereopsis and compensated for limited convergence in orbital orientation. The forcing function behind these morphological tradeoffs was the extraordinary growth of its rootless canines, which affected skull shape inThylacosmilusin numerous ways, including relative orbital displacement.
SB2301-mediated perturbation of membrane composition in lipid droplets induces lipophagy and lipid droplets ubiquitination
Authors: Jung Jinjoo , Park Jongbeom , Kim Mingi , Ha Jaeyoung , Cho Hana , Park Seung Bum
Published: March 2023

Lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in various biological events in cells along with their primary role as a storage center for neutral lipids. Excessive accumulation of LDs is highly correlated with various diseases, including metabolic diseases. Therefore, a basic understanding of the molecular mechanism of LD degradation would be beneficial in both academic and industrial research. Lipophagy, a selective autophagy mechanism/LD degradation process, has gained increased attention in the research community. Herein, we sought to elucidate a novel lipophagy mechanism by utilizing the LD-degrading small molecule, SB2301, which activates ubiquitin-mediated lipophagy. Using a label-free target identification method, we revealed that ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2) is a potential target protein of SB2301. We also demonstrated that although SB2301 does not modulate PCYT2 function, it induces the cellular translocation of PCYT2 to the LD surface and spatially increases the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) ratio of the LD membrane, causing LD coalescence, leading to the activation of lipophagy process to maintain energy homeostasis.
Converting CO2 to formic acid by tuning quantum states in metal chalcogenide clusters
Authors: Sengupta Turbasu , Khanna Shiv N.
Published: March 2023

The catalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals is an effective strategy for reducing its adverse impact on the environment. In this work, the formation of formic acid via CO2 hydrogenation on bare and ligated Ti6Se8 clusters is investigated with gradient-corrected density functional theory. It is shown that attaching suitable ligands (i.e., PMe3, CO) to a metal-chalcogenide cluster transforms it into an effective donor/acceptor enabling it to serve as an efficient catalyst. Furthermore, by controlling the ratio of the attached donor/acceptor ligands, it is possible to predictably alter the barrier heights of the CO2 hydrogenation reaction and, thereby, the rate of CO2 conversion. Our calculation further reveals that by using this strategy, the barrier heights of CO2 hydrogenation can be reduced to ~0.12 eV or possibly even lower, providing unique opportunities to control the reaction rates by using different combinations of donor/acceptor ligands.
Hydrogen absorption and desorption in the V–Al–H system
Authors: Habermann Franziska , Burkmann Konrad , Hansel Bastian , Störr Bianca , Schimpf Christian , Seidel Jürgen , Bertau Martin , Mertens Florian
Published: March 2023

Non-substitutional Al improves the hydrogenation behaviour of V by lowering the equilibrium pressures and increasing the hydrogen capacity. Attempts to synthesise the hypothetical V(AlH4)x were not successful indicating its instability.
Diosmetin alleviates benzo[a]pyrene-exacerbated H1N1 influenza virus-induced acute lung injury and dysregulation of inflammation through modulation of the PPAR-γ-NF-κB/P38 MAPK signaling axis
Authors: Zhou Beixian , Wang Linxin , Yang Sushan , Liang Yueyun , Zhang Yuehan , Pan Xiping , Li Jing
Published: March 2023

Diosmetin suppressed the enhanced pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis via inhibition of the augmentation of NF-κB and P38 kinase activation in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner, facilitating the alleviation of B[a]P-exacerbated H1N1 virus-induced respiratory illness.
Characterization and anti-aging effects ofOpuntia ficus-indica(L.) Miller extracts in ad-galactose-induced skin aging model
Authors: Abbas Eman Yasser , Ezzat Marwa I. , Ramadan Nehal M. , Eladl Amira , Hamed Walaa H. E. , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Teaima Mahmoud , El Hefnawy Hala Mohamed , Abdel-Sattar Essam
Published: March 2023

Opuntia ficus-indica(L.) Miller (OFI), belonging to the family Cactaceae, is widely cultivated not only for its delicious fruits but also for its health-promoting effects, which enhance the role of OFI as a potential functional food.
High-performance low temperature curable copolyimidesviamultidimensional modulation in alkaline environment and electronic effects of monomers
Authors: Lv Xialei , Huang Shan , He Zimeng , Li Jinhui , Qiu Siyao , Wang Tao , Bai Yun , Zhang Yao , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong
Published: March 2023

A new design strategy for the preparation of copolyimides (co-PIs) with low curable temperature (200 °C) for IC packages and liquid crystal displays is presented.
Facile utility of felumin, a biological dye for the first fluorimetric determination of l-tetramisole drug through an “on–off fluorescence” strategy
Authors: Hamad Ahmed Abdulhafez
Published: March 2023

The proposed fluorimetric system pathway and its on–off strategical response to the tested drug with the intrinsic fluorescence of the Felumin dye.
A facile approach to obtain super-hydrophobicity for cotton fiber fabrics
Authors: Li Zhengrong , Wu Junxin , Wang Yidi , Li Yuxin , Huang Gang , Fei Bin , Xu Zhixiong , Zhang Yong , Li Yangling
Published: March 2023

The process to simple obtain the microgel-coated cotton fabric with excellent superhydrophobic ability.
Synthesis, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy and molecular docking studies of 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol and its transition metal complexes
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Saeed , Siddique Abu Bakar , Khalid Muhammad , Ali Akbar , Shaheen Muhammad Ashraf , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Imran Muhammad , Irfan Ahmad , Khan Muhammad Usman , Paixão Marcio Weber
Published: March 2023

Herein, a one-pot synthesis of tetra-substituted imidazole, 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (HL), is reported by the reaction of benzil, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, ammonium acetate and anisidine.
Multifunctional Exo III-assisted scalability strategy for constructing DNA molecular logic circuits
Authors: Zeng Chenyi , Liu Xin , Wang Bin , Qin Rui , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2023

We propose a multifunctional nuclease-assisted double-stranded separation strategy. It not only offers a way to reuse the waste signal but also effectively achieves the multi-pathway scalability of signals.
Nanostructured ionic hydrogel with integrated conductivity, stretchability and thermal responsiveness for a high-performance strain and temperature sensor
Authors: Pang Qian , Wu Kaihao , Jiang Zilian , Yang Fang , Shi Zewen , Gao Hanlin , Zhang Cuicui , Hou Ruixia , Zhu Yabin
Published: March 2023

A nanostructured ionic conductive hydrogel with dual strain and temperature responsiveness for real-time detection of human motion and skin temperature.
Design principles for the synthesis of platinum–cobalt intermetallic nanoparticles for electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Yu Siying , Yang Hong
Published: March 2023

This Feature Article provides a brief review on the preparation of platinum–cobalt intermetallic nanostructures as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in hydrogen-powered fuel cells, especially for improving the catalyst durability.
Teaching old tricks to new dogs – rational synthesis of multi-decker complexes featuring cyclo-P5 decks
Authors: Riesinger Christoph , Röhner David , Krossing Ingo , Scheer Manfred
Published: March 2023

The reaction of pentaphosphaferrocene [Cp*Fe(η5-P5)] with unsaturated cationic transition metal species is investigated as a systematic approach towards the synthesis of multi-decker complexes containing cyclo-P5 ligands.
The introduction of a base component to porous organic salts and their CO2 storage capability
Authors: Ami Takahiro , Oka Kouki , Tsuchiya Keiho , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Tohnai Norimitsu
Published: March 2023

The introduction of a base component to porous organic salts allows them to have CO2 storage capability.
Efficient radiative cooling of tetracene cations C18H12+: absolute recurrent fluorescence rates as a function of internal energy
Authors: Bernard Jérôme , Ji MingChao , Indrajith Suvasthika , Stockett Mark H. , Navarro Navarrete José E. , Kono Naoko , Cederquist Henrik , Martin Serge , Schmidt Henning T. , Zettergren Henning
Published: March 2023

High recurrent fluorescence rates of tetracene cations, C18H12, measured with two electrostatic ion rings, DESIREE and Mini-Ring, lead to much more effective radiative cooling than previously investigated PAH cations.
Splicing oxygen-rich multidentate ligands and characteristic metals to construct flame colorants: abundant structures and attractive colors
Authors: Dong Wen-Shuai , Mei Hao-Zheng , Yang Jun-Qing , Cao Wen-Li , Hu Yong , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: March 2023

Tetranitroethane is a potential eco-friendly energetic compound. Its alkali and alkaline earth metal salts show a visible flame color and good thermal stability, which may have good potential application in the field of novel eco-friendly flame.
Rediscovering the intrinsic mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline indium arsenide
Authors: Li Shuaiqi , Zhang Jiawei , Guan Shixue , Guo Ruiang , He Duanwei
Published: March 2023

The inverse Hall–Petch effect is observed in a bulk nanostructured material synthesized in one step using the reciprocating pressure-induced phase transition technique. Molecular dynamics simulation provides further evidence of its existence in InAs.
Regioselective C–H chalcogenylation and halogenation of arenes and alkenes under metal-free conditions
Authors: Li Bin , Hu Mingli , Ge Jun , Xu Wei , Wu Jinghan , Tong Yao , Zhao Zhengyi , Liu Xiuxiu , He Ling
Published: March 2023

The reactions of direct Csp2–H chalcogenylation and halogenation of N-arylpyrrolidone under the action of PIFA without a directing group and under metal-free conditions were reported in this paper.
Scalable synthesis of methacrylate-based vitrimer powders by suspension polymerization
Authors: Ballester-Bayarri Laura , Limousin Elodie , Fernández Mercedes , Aguirresarobe Robert , Ballard Nicholas
Published: March 2023

We describe how methacrylate-based vitrimer powders can be synthesized through a scalable suspension polymerization technique, leading to micron-sized polymer particles with controllable rheological properties.
Solvent-controlled amidation of acid chlorides at room temperature: new route to access aromatic primary amides and imides amenable for late-stage functionalization
Authors: Sivaraj Chandrasekaran , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: March 2023

Herein, we report a solvent-controlled highly selective amidation and imidation of aroyl chlorides using an alkali-metal silyl-amide reagent (LiHMDS), which serves as a nitrogen source at room temperature.
Radiolytic degradation of dodecane substituted with common energetic functional groups
Authors: Huestis Patricia L. , Lease Nicholas , Freye Chris E. , Huber Daniel L. , Brown Geoffrey W. , McDonald Daniel L. , Nelson Tammie , Snyder Christopher J. , Manner Virginia W.
Published: March 2023

The relative radiolytic stability of dodecane functionalized with common energetic functional groups was explored with gamma irradiation and probed by various analytical techniques.
Strain-induced 3D-oriented crystallites in natural rubber/chitin nanofiber composites
Authors: Wu Jinghua , Yin Jin , Hu Jian , Wang Qiran , Zhang Hao , Xin Rui , Wang Shaojuan , Yan Shouke , Zhang Jianming
Published: March 2023

We show that unique 3D-oriented natural rubber crystallites can be tailored using bio-based chitin nanofiber added by a uniaxial-stretching process. Detailed analyses were applied to clarify the strain-induced crystallization and orientation relationship.
Defect-enrichment in porous interface of ultrathin CuO nanobelts realizes a novel CO2photoreduction pathway
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhou Yanan , Zhang Kaifu , Yu Yu , Luo Qiquan , Gao Shan , Xie Yi
Published: March 2023

Defect-enrichment in porous interface of ultrathin CuO nanobelts has been demonstrated in optimizing the formation energy of *CHO intermediates, thus customizing the unique reaction pathway of CO2 photoreduction to the desired CH3OH products.
Glassy and liquid Sb2S3: insight into the structure and dynamics of a promising functional material
Authors: Kassem Mohammad , Benmore Chris J. , Tverjanovich Andrey , Usuki Takeshi , Khomenko Maxim , Fontanari Daniele , Sokolov Anton , Ohara Koji , Bokova Maria , Kohara Shinji , Bychkov Eugene
Published: March 2023

High optical and electric contrast between the SET (crystalline) and RESET (amorphous) logic states is related to the different short and intermediate range order in orthorhombic and vitreous Sb2S3.
Hormonal regulation of metabolism—recent lessons learned from insulin and estrogen
Authors: Tao Zhipeng , Cheng Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

Hormonal signaling plays key roles in tissue and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulated evidence has revealed a great deal of insulin and estrogen signaling pathways and their interplays in the regulation of mitochondrial, cellular remodeling, and macronutrient metabolism. Insulin signaling regulates nutrient and mitochondrial metabolism by targeting the IRS-PI3K-Akt-FoxOs signaling cascade and PGC1α. Estrogen signaling fine-tunes protein turnover and mitochondrial metabolism through its receptors (ERα, ERβ, and GPER). Insulin and estrogen signaling converge on Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K in the joint regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism. Dysregulated insulin and estrogen signaling lead to metabolic diseases. This article reviews the up-to-date evidence that depicts the pathways of insulin signaling and estrogen-ER signaling in the regulation of metabolism. In addition, we discuss the cross-talk between estrogen signaling and insulin signaling via Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K, as well as new therapeutic options such as agonists of GLP1 receptor, GIP receptor, and β3-AR. Mapping the molecular pathways of insulin signaling, estrogen signaling, and their interplays advances our understanding of metabolism and discovery of new therapeutic options for metabolic disorders.
Refinement Co‐supervision network for real‐time semantic segmentation
Authors: Dong Yongsheng , Zhao Kaiyuan , Zheng Lintao , Yang Haotian , Liu Qing , Pei Yuanhua
Published: March 2023

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental technology for autonomous driving. It has a high demand for inference speed and accuracy. However, a good trade‐off between accuracy and latency is yet not present in existing semantic segmentation approaches. Due to the limitation of speed, the authors cannot increase the number of network layers without limit and cannot design modules like in the networks without real‐time. It is a challenging problem how to design a model with good performance under limited resources. To alleviate these issues, in this study, the authors propose a refinement co‐supervision network (RCNet), which is real‐time on a high‐resolution image (1024×2048). The authors first construct the context refinement module, which can provide low computation cost way for obtaining the large receptive field and context information. Furthermore, a boundary co‐supervision mechanism is proposed. It strengthens the optimisation of easily neglected boundaries and small targets. Experimental results reveal that the proposed RCNet outperforms seven representative semantic segmentation methods.
RRN: A differential private approach to preserve privacy in image classification
Authors: Shen Zhidong , Zhong Ting , Sun Hui , Qi Baiwen
Published: March 2023

The wide application of image classification has given rise to many intelligent systems, such as face recognition systems, which makes our life more convenient. However, the ensuing privacy leakage problem has become increasingly serious. The training of a deep neural network requires lots of data, which may contain sensitive information of users and may be exploited by data collectors. A perturbation algorithm named RRN is proposed for image data based on local differential privacy, which provides a rigorous privacy guarantee. Existing solutions have low accuracy due to the high sensitivity of an image; the authors' method combines the Randomized Response mechanism with the Laplace mechanism to solve this problem. Experiments were conducted on the MNIST and CIFAR‐10 datasets to show the effectiveness of the algorithm. Experimental results shows that the model is better than baseline models. The algorithm was also implemented on the commonly used model in deep learning, the VGG model, which can achieve 96.4% accuracy in the non‐private version on the CIFAR‐10 dataset. The accuracy of the differential private VGG model based on the RRN algorithm is 83% when , which is still excellent. The experimental results show that the RRN algorithm can both preserve privacy and data utility.
Arbitrarily fast delayed signal cancellation PLL for grid‐integration of renewable energy sources
Authors: Ahmed Hafiz , Ushirobira Rosane , Efimov Denis
Published: March 2023

Integrating renewable energy sources into an unbalanced distribution network requires fast and accurate extraction of fundamental frequency positive‐ and negative‐sequence components from the unbalanced three‐phase grid voltage signals. For this purpose, various methods are already available in the literature. Out of them, delayed signal cancellation (DSC) is prevalent. Conventional DSC can separate the sequence components using a quarter‐cycle delay. Fast DSC tools can achieve the same with less than a quarter‐cycle delay. However, neither conventional nor fast DSC can handle DC offset without requiring additional delayed signals. This article addresses this issue by proposing a modified DSC to estimate the sequence components with DC offset rejection and having arbitrarily fast convergence speed, that is, low memory requirement. Two equidistant delayed samples of the measured grid voltages/currents are required to implement the proposed technique and can easily be applied in a phase‐locked loop (PLL). Comparative experimental results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed approach over other DSC methods.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Eyer L. , Audard M. , Holl B. , Rimoldini L. , Carnerero M. I. , Clementini G. , De Ridder J. , Distefano E. , Evans D. W. , Gavras P. , Gomel R. , Lebzelter T. , Marton G. , Mowlavi N. , Panahi A. , Ripepi V. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Nienartowicz K. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Lecoeur-Taibi I. , Rohrbasser L. , Riello M. , García-Lario P. , Lanzafame A. C. , Mazeh T. , Raiteri C. M. , Zucker S. , Ábrahám P. , Aerts C. , Aguado J. J. , Anderson R. I. , Bashi D. , Binnenfeld A. , Faigler S. , Garofalo A. , Karbevska L. , Kóspál Á , Kruszyńska K. , Kun M. , Lanza A. F. , Leccia S. , Marconi M. , Messina S. , Molinaro R. , Molnár L. , Muraveva T. , Musella I. , Nagy Z. , Pagano I. , Palaversa L. , Plachy E. , Prša A. , Rybicki K. A. , Shahaf S. , Szabados L. , Szegedi-Elek E. , Trabucchi M. , Barblan F. , Grenon M. , Roelens M. , Süveges M.
Published: March 2023

Context.Gaiahas been in operations since 2014, and two full data releases (DR) have been delivered so far: DR1 in 2016 and DR2 in 2018. The thirdGaiadata release expands from the early data release (EDR3) in 2020, which contained the five-parameter astrometric solution and mean photometry for 1.8 billion sources by providing 34 months of multi-epoch observations that allowed us to systematically probe, characterise, and classify variable celestial phenomena.

Aims.We present a summary of the variability processing and analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic time series of 1.8 billion sources carried out forGaiaDR3.

Methods.We used statistical and machine learning methods to characterise and classify the variable sources. Training sets were built from a global revision of major published variable star catalogues. For a subset of classes, specific detailed studies were conducted to confirm their class membership and to derive parameters that are adapted to the peculiarity of the considered class.

Results.In total, 10.5 million objects are identified as variable inGaiaDR3 and have associated time series inG,GBP, andGRPand, in some cases, radial velocity time series. The DR3 variable sources subdivide into 9.5 million variable stars and 1 million active galactic nuclei or ‘quasars’. In addition, supervised classification identified 2.5 million galaxies thanks to spurious variability induced by the extent of these objects. The variability analysis output in the DR3 archive amounts to 17 tables, containing a total of 365 parameters. We publish 35 types and subtypes of variable objects. For 11 variable types, additional specific object parameters are published. Here, we provide an overview of the estimated completeness and contamination of most variability classes.

Conclusions.Thanks toGaia, we present the largest whole-sky variability analysis based on coherent photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic data. FutureGaiadata releases will more than double the span of time series and the number of observations, allowing the publication of an even richer catalogue.
Star formation in a massive spiral galaxy with a radio-AGN
Authors: Drevet Mulard M. , Nesvadba N. P. H. , Meenakshi M. , Mukherjee D. , Wagner A. , Bicknell G. , Neumayer N. , Combes F. , Zovaro H. , Janssen R. M. J. , Bagchi J. , Dabhade P. , Prunet S.
Published: March 2023

We present an analysis of new VLT/MUSE optical imaging spectroscopic data of 2MASX J23453268–0449256 (J2345–0449), a nearby (z = 0.0755) massive (Mstellar  =  4 ×  1011 M⊙) spiral galaxy. This is a particularly interesting source for a study of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback since it hosts two pairs of bright, giant radio jets and a massive, luminous X-ray halo, but it has no massive bulge. The galaxy has a 24 kpc wide ring of molecular gas, and a source-averaged star formation rate that is factors 30 to 70 lower than expected from the Kennicutt-Schmidt law. With MUSE, we have analyzed the stellar continuum and bright optical line emission and have constrained the spatially resolved past and present star formation on scales of approximately 1 kpc. More than 93% of the stellar mass formed ≥10 Gyrs ago including in the disk. Optical emission from the AGN is very faint and contributes 2% of the continuum around the nucleus at most. Most line emission is predominantly excited by shocks and old stellar populations except in 13 young star-forming regions that formed ≤11 Myrs ago, of which only seven are associated with the molecular ring (the others are at larger radii). They avoid a region of high electron densities aligned with the radio source, and form stars at efficiencies that are comparable to those in normal spiral galaxies. We discuss the implications of our findings for the regulation of star formation in galaxies through AGN feedback in the absence of competing mechanisms related to the presence of a massive stellar bulge, such as morphological quenching.
The Awareness of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) Regimes on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Agricultural Products Processing at Malang Area, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Winaya Aris , Maftuchah Maftuchah , Arif Sofyan , Neimane Leila , Ekawati Ida
Published: March 2023

The IPRs are dealing with the ethics of trading activities. Thus, it can affect the sustainability of business activities. The objective of this study was to identify the awareness and the knowledge of the IPRs regimes on the SMEs of agricultural products processing. The survey method was conducted on the SMEs that related to processing agricultural products, like fruit and vegetable chips, potato and tubers chips, beverages, herbs, meatballs, fried chicken, dodol, and others at Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The qualitative method was applied for the collected data and analysis. The results showed that the SMEs employed around one to four people and the business specifications were on processed foods (77 %), beverages (5 %), and medicinal and herbal products (14 %). All SMEs agriculture processing products have a trademark/brand (100 %) for their products and 86% of the brand names were a new design made by the SMEs owners (50 %). But, unfortunately, around 64 % have not officially registered as the officer of the Directorate General Intellectual Property Rights, Republic of Indonesia. Hence, in the future need to encourage the SMEs for registering their IPRs to avoid IPRs problems and protected their innovation from infringements.
The Effect of Pod Storage on Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Organic and Non–organic Balinese Cacao Pulps
Authors: Mumpuni Erawati Christina , Chrisnasari Ruth , Soni Peeyush
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Organic and Non-Organic Balinese Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) storage duration on chemical and microbiological levels in order to know the exact storage period to get a good substrate for fermentation. This research is the first step in preparing Specialty Cocoa. Chemical parameters such as reducing sugar, total sugar, protein content, moisture content, and pH along the pod storage were determined in this study. The ideal substrate condition for cocoa fermentation was suggested on the 4th d, in which the pulp contained total sugar of 12.5 % and moisture content of 86 %. Meanwhile, the statistical analysis was done to test whether the duration of pod storage has a significant effect on the presence of bacteria related to fermentation. The test showed that the duration of pod storage did not have a significant effect on either lactic acid bacteria or acetic acid bacteria content (P value > 0.05). Nevertheless, the research found that lactic acid bacteria content was up to 1.9 log CFU mL–1 and acetic acid bacteria content was up to 2.72 log CFU mL–1 during the 5 d of pod storage.
The Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Potamocorbula faba Hinds., 1843 in the Permisan Bay, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hariyadi Hariyadi , Winaya Aris , Zainuri Muhammad , Afiati Norma , Sya’rani Lachmudin , Anne Olga
Published: March 2023

The objective of the study was to determine the growth pattern of clam Potamocorbula faba inhabited the estuarine of Permisan Bay, Indonesia by using the Linear Allometric Model (LAM). Its also evaluated by using the length-weight relationships (LWR) and Fulton’s condition factor (K–value). A total of 7 996 specimens with length intervals of 3.5 mm to 17 mm and weight intervals of 0.013 g to 0.636 g were collected from nine sites in Permisan Bay. Based on the length-weight relationships (LWR), equations in ST–1 (0.000886870 L2.17379); ST–2 (0.000884219 L2.15471); ST–3 (0.000832626 L2.18971); ST–4 (0.000746758 L2.21150); ST–5 (0.000687148 L2.28593); ST–6 (0.000765876 L2.23830); ST–7 (0.000657461 L2.31064); ST–8 (0.000379673 L2.52229); and ST–9 (0.000799816 L 2.22922) were obtained. Regarding the b–value, almost all sites showed b < 3, and thus the growth pattern could be categorized as negative allometric. Condition factor (K-value) in all nine sites ranged between 1.1101 to 1.1552. The highest K-value was from ST–7 while ST–2 showed the lowest. During the study period (September 2014 to April 2015), Fulton’s condition factor (K–value) of all nine sites was not significantly different (P > 0.05).
Population Development and Disease Incidence of Virus Disease Transmitted by Brown Planthopper on the Paddy Field Applied with Biofertilizers and Biopesticides
Authors: Widiarta I. Nyoman , Pratiwi Etty , Wardana I. Putu , Purwanto Oky Dwi
Published: March 2023

Demand for biofertilizers and biopesticides are increasing in line with rising public consent on healthy food and environmental safety. Biofertilizer and biopesticide for rice have been formulated and those necessary to be tested in the field. The objectives of this field experiment were to test the effect of the formulation on the population development of brown planthopper (BPH) - Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1854) and the virus they transmitted. Split-plot design experiment was conducted in the farmer paddy fields. The main plot was varieties and biofertilizer and biopesticide were used as subplot. The population of BPH and natural enemies were surveyed using sweep net. The viral infected plant was checked by using iodine-test, while virus disease symptom was observed visually parallel with population census. The results showed that BPH utilized rice nursery as refugee during pre-rice transplanting. Reproduction rate of invading generation to the first generation on the Prb and Agm treated plots were lower than other treatments. The Agm application reduced virus disease symptom during the vegetative stage and kept virus-infected lower than other treatments in the early generative stage. Inpari 42 variety has a high ability to suppress the level of viral infection to be disease symptoms. It indicated that Agm was not only function as a biofertilizer but also biopesticide and can be integrated with Inpari 42 to manage rice virus diseases transmitted by BPH.