bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Critical Factors Influencing the Resilience of the Prefabricated Construction Supply Chain
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Ma Li , Fu Hongwei
Published: January 2025

In this volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) era, resilient and sustainable construction methods, such as prefabricated construction, are essential for addressing the planet’s sustainability challenges. However, disruptions in the prefabricated construction supply chain (PCSC) frequently arise, seriously impeding the performance of prefabricated building projects. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors influencing the prefabricated construction supply chain (RPCSC) and analyze their intrinsic interconnections. Initially, an exhaustive literature review was conducted to identify the primary factors affecting the RPCSC. Subsequently, the Delphi technique was applied to validate and refine the list of factors, resulting in the identification of 11 key concepts. Finally, the impact of these concepts on the RPCSC, along with their interactions, was assessed using the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) approach. The results indicate that these factors can be ranked by their degree of effect on the RPCSC: information exchange/sharing, research and development, the performance of prefabricated components, decision alignment, the construction of prefabricated buildings, relationship quality among members, professional management personnel/labor quality, supply–demand consistency, cost/profit sharing, policies and regulations, and transport risk. Furthermore, this study elucidates both the individual and synergistic effects of these factors on the RPCSC by constructing a pathway map.
Post-Occupation Evaluation of Industrial Heritage Transformation into a Mixed-Mode Park Within the Context of Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Hebei, China
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Chen Yijing , Liu Yuchen
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the in-depth implementation of China’s “shifting from secondary industries to tertiary industries” policy, coupled with the accelerating pace of urban renewal, has positioned the transformation and reuse of industrial heritage as a pivotal approach to enhancing urban spatial quality and fostering cultural continuity. This paper focuses on three mixed-mode industrial heritage transformation parks in Hebei Province: Dahua, Miansan, and Shimeiji. Based on existing research and practical circumstances, an evaluation system encompassing six dimensions and 18 indicators is established. On this basis, a questionnaire survey was conducted, including two parts: a satisfaction questionnaire and a Kano model questionnaire. According to the obtained data, the use of the park after completion was evaluated and the existing problems of the mixed-mode industrial heritage renovation park were summarized comprehensively. The research finds out the shortcomings of the commonalities and differences of mixed-mode industrial heritage parks, finally putting forward optimization suggestions for the problems, in order to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the renovation projects of the same type of industrial heritage in the urban renewal stage.
Investigating Fire Collapse Early Warning Systems for Portal Frames
Authors: Xie Ming , Xu Fangbo , Wang Zhangdong , Yin Li’e , Wu Xiangdong , Xu Mengqi , Li Xiang
Published: January 2025

In recent years, firefighter accidents and people injured by the collapse of steel structures during a fire have occurred frequently, which has attracted the attention of the National Emergency Management Department and the Fire and Rescue Bureau. It is urgent to carry out research on early warning systems for building collapse during a fire. Existing early warning methods mainly use characteristic parameters such as temperature, vibration, and structural deformation. Due to the complexity of an actual fire, it is difficult to accurately predict the critical temperature of fire−induced instability in columns and the failure mode after the instability, and there are deviations in the collapse warnings. In this study, changes in ultrasonic transverse and longitudinal wave velocities at high temperatures are used to monitor the stiffness degradation of columns in fire in real time and improve the accuracy of early warning systems. In this study, four common collapse modes of portal frames are obtained by using the results of parametric numerical analysis. According to key displacements and the displacement rates of simple key measuring points, the elastic modulus threshold of a three−level early warning for portal frame collapse with different collapse modes is obtained. Combined with an ultrasonic experiment, the theoretical relationships between the transverse and longitudinal wave velocities and the elastic modulus of steel at high temperatures are verified, and the relationship between the transverse and longitudinal wave velocities and the overall damage of the portal frame is further constructed; then, a new early warning method for portal frame stability during a fire is proposed. Based on the change in wave velocity, a three-level early warning index for predicting portal frame stability during a fire is determined. When the collapse mode of a portal frame is an overall inward collapse, transverse and longitudinal wave velocities are reduced to 2635 m/s and 5308 m/s, respectively. At a second-level warning, they are reduced to 2035 m/s and 4176 m/s, respectively. At 1504 m/s and 3030 m/s, respectively, third-level warnings are issued. This research shows that the real−time monitoring of wave velocities provides an effective way for early warning systems to identify structural collapse. The proposed early warning method can be used as a quick and efficient early warning system for the collapse of portal frames during a fire, and its accuracy and applicability are verified by experiments.
Research on the Carbon Reduction Potential of the Life Cycle of Building Roofs Retrofit Designs
Authors: Mu Dawei , Dai Wenjin , Zhang Yixian , Shen Yixu , Luo Zhi , Fan Shurui
Published: January 2025

This study examines existing buildings in Haikou in China under tropical island climate conditions. It presents three retrofit design models for greenhouses roofs (GHR), green roofs (GR) and photovoltaic roofs (PVR). The carbon cost of each retrofit roof model is calculated in the production and transportation phases of building materials, construction, and demolition. The changes in electricity consumption, water consumption, and plant carbon reduction are coupled to calculate the carbon reduction generated by each phase of the use of the retrofitted roofs. The carbon reduction per unit area for GHR, GR and PVR over the life cycle (20 years) is then comprehensively calculated. The life cycle carbon reduction per unit area is 262.57 kg·m−2 for GHR, 127.41 kg·m−2 for GR and 2567.12 kg·m−2 for PVR. Among the three retrofit methods, PVR has the greatest potential for reducing carbon emissions. The study can as a guide for implementing carbon reduction measures in tropical island areas. Domestic research on rooftop greenhouses also focuses on technology, yield, and energy consumption, mostly for northern regions with cold winters, and less research on rooftop greenhouses applied to regions with hot summers and warm winters. But domestic and foreign studies on the potential of rooftop greenhouses to reduce emissions have not yet been combined with plant cultivation of hydroelectric carbon emissions and plant carbon sequestration.
Initial Use Experience of Durvalumab Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer in a Japanese Territory Center
Authors: Shionoya Kento , Sofuni Atsushi , Mukai Shuntaro , Yamauchi Yoshiya , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tanaka Reina , Tonozuka Ryosuke , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Nagai Kazumasa , Matsunami Yukitoshi , Kojima Hiroyuki , Minami Hirohito , Hirakawa Noriyuki , Zhan Qiang , Itoi Takao
Published: January 2025

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including gallbladder and bile duct cancers, have a poor prognosis. Recent advances in chemotherapy, such as using targeted drugs for specific gene mutations, have improved outcomes. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy has been the standard of care for the primary treatment of BTCs, but secondary treatment had not been established until recently. In recent years, durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GCD) chemotherapy is emerging as a promising regimen, although more evidence is needed for its effectiveness. Methods: This retrospective single-center study involved 44 patients receiving GCD treatment between January 2023 and March 2024 with a median follow-up of 10 months. Outcomes focused on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rates, and adverse events (AEs). Results: The overall response rate (ORR) was 23%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 82%. The overall median OS and PFS were 15.3 and 8.0 months, respectively, with patients receiving primary chemotherapy experiencing longer survival compared to a control group. Patients who did not undergo bile duct drainage had statistically different better OS and PFS. Grade 3 or higher AEs occurred in 54.5% of patients, with neutropenia and biliary infections being common. Conclusions: GCD chemotherapy shows potential as an effective treatment for BTCs. The favorable treatment outcome was the response rate, particularly in primary therapy or those cases with no metastasis. Bile duct management is crucial for improving patient outcomes. GCD chemotherapy has a high response rate, PFS, and OS compared to other forms of chemotherapy.
From Genes to Clinical Practice: Exploring the Genomic Underpinnings of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Molefi Thulo , Mabonga Lloyd , Hull Rodney , Sebitloane Motshedisi , Dlamini Zodwa
Published: January 2025

Endometrial cancer (EC), a prevalent gynecological malignancy, presents significant challenges due to its genetic complexity and heterogeneity. The genomic landscape of EC is underpinned by genetic alterations, such as mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and ARID1A, and chromosomal abnormalities. The identification of molecular subtypes—POLE ultramutated, microsatellite instability (MSI), copy number low, and copy number high—illustrates the diverse genetic profiles within EC and underscores the need for subtype-specific therapeutic strategies. The integration of multi-omics technologies such as single-cell genomics and spatial transcriptomics has revolutionized our understanding and approach to studying EC and offers a holistic perspective that enhances the ability to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The translation of these multi-omics findings into personalized medicine and precision oncology is increasingly feasible in clinical practice. Targeted therapies such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have demonstrated the potential for improved treatment efficacy tailored to specific genetic alterations. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in terms of variability in patient responses, the integration of genomic data into clinical workflows, and ethical considerations. This review explores the genomic underpinnings of EC, from genes to clinical practice. It highlights the ongoing need for multidisciplinary research and collaboration to address the complexities of EC and improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes.
A Machine Learning-Based Radiomics Model for the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules in F-18 FDG PET/CT: External Validation in the Different Scanner
Authors: Lee Junchae , Lee Jinny , Song Bong-Il
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary procedures for thyroid incidentalomas (TIs). Advances in radiomics and machine learning applied to medical imaging offer promise for assessing thyroid nodules. This study utilized radiomics analysis on F-18 FDG PET/CT to improve preoperative differential diagnosis of TIs. Methods: A total of 152 patient cases were retrospectively analyzed and split into training and validation sets (7:3) using stratification and randomization. Results: The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm identified nine radiomics features from 960 candidates to construct a radiomics signature predictive of malignancy. Performance of the radiomics score was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and area under the curve (AUC). In the training set, the radiomics score achieved an AUC of 0.794 (95% CI: 0.703–0.885, p < 0.001). Validation was performed on internal and external datasets, yielding AUCs of 0.702 (95% CI: 0.547–0.858, p = 0.011) and 0.668 (95% CI: 0.500–0.838, p = 0.043), respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the selected nine radiomics features effectively differentiate malignant thyroid nodules. Overall, the radiomics model shows potential as a valuable predictive tool for thyroid cancer in patients with TIs, supporting improved preoperative decision-making.
Cardiovascular Involvement in SYNE Variants: A Case Series and Narrative Review
Authors: Ravera Francesco , Dusi Veronica , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Gobello Giulia , Giannino Giuseppe , Melis Daniele , Brach Del Prever Giulia Margherita , Angelini Filippo , Saglietto Andrea , Giustetto Carla , Gallone Guglielmo , Pidello Stefano , Cannillo Margherita , Cingolani Marco Matteo , Deaglio Silvia , Marra Walter Grosso , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Raineri Claudia
Published: January 2025

Cardiac laminopathies encompass a wide range of diseases caused by defects in nuclear envelope proteins, including cardiomyopathy, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and conduction system abnormalities. Two genes, namely LMNA and EMD, are typically associated with these disorders and are part of the routine genetic panel performed in affected patients. Yet, there are other markedly fewer known proteins, the nesprins, encoded by SYNE genes, that play a pivotal role in connecting the nuclear envelope to cytoskeletal elements. So far, SYNE gene variants have been described in association with neurodegenerative diseases; their potential association with cardiac disorders, albeit anecdotally reported, is still largely unexplored. This review focuses on the role of nesprins in cardiomyocytes and explores the potential clinical implications of SYNE variants by presenting five unrelated patients with distinct cardiac manifestations and reviewing the literature. Emerging research suggests that SYNE-related cardiomyopathies involve disrupted nuclear–cytoskeletal coupling, leading to impaired cardiac function. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for furthering insights into the broader implications of nuclear envelope proteins in cardiac health and for potentially developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, our data support the inclusion of SYNE genes in the cardiac genetic panel for cardiomyopathies and cardiac conduction disorders.
Effectiveness of an E-Nose Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors for Coffee Quality Assessment
Authors: Mutz Yhan S. , Maroum Samara Mafra , Tessaro Leticia L. G. , de Oliveira Souza Natália , de Bem Mikaela Martins , Alves Loyane Silvestre , Figueiredo Luisa Pereira , do Rosario Denes K. A. , Bernardes Patricia C. , Nunes Cleiton Antônio
Published: January 2025

Coffee quality, which ultimately is reflected in the beverage aroma, relies on several aspects requiring multiple approaches to check it, which can be expensive and/or time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and calibrate an electronic nose (e-nose) coupled with chemometrics to approach coffee-related quality tasks. Twelve different metal oxide sensors were employed in the e-nose construction. The tasks were (i) the separation of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species, (ii) the distinction between roasting profiles (light, medium, and dark), and (iii) the separation of expired and non-expired coffees. Exploratory analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) pointed to a fair grouping of the tested samples according to their specification, indicating the potential of the volatiles in grouping the samples. Moreover, a supervised classification employing soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) led to great results with accuracy above 90% for every task. The performance of each model varies with the specific task, except for the LS-SVM models, which presented a perfect classification for all tasks. Therefore, combining the e-nose with distinct classification models could be used for multiple-purpose classification tasks for producers as a low-cost, rapid, and effective alternative for quality assurance.
Intelligent Electrochemical Sensing: A New Frontier in On-the-Fly Coffee Quality Assessment
Authors: Grasso Simone , Di Loreto Maria Vittoria , Zompanti Alessandro , Ciarrocchi Davide , De Gara Laura , Pennazza Giorgio , Vollero Luca , Santonico Marco
Published: January 2025

Quality control is mandatory in the food industry and chemical sensors play a crucial role in this field. Coffee is one of the most consumed and commercialized food products globally, and its quality is of the utmost importance. Many scientific papers have analyzed coffee quality using different approaches, such as analytical and sensor analyses, which, despite their good performance, are limited to structured lab implementation. This study aims to evaluate the capability of a smart electrochemical sensor to discriminate among different beverages prepared using coffee beans with different moisture content (0%, 2%, >4%) and ground in three sizes (fine, medium and coarse). These parameters reflect real scenarios where coffee is produced and its quality influenced. The possibility of optimizing coffee quality in real time by tuning these parameters could open the way to intelligent coffee machines. A specific experimental setup has been designed, and the data has been analyzed using machine learning techniques. The results obtained from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) show the sensor’s capability to distinguish between samples of different quality, with a percentage of correct classification of 86.6%. This performance underscores the potential benefits of this sensor for coffee quality assessment, enabling time and resource savings, while facilitating the development of analytical methods based on smart electrochemical sensors.
A Case of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Mutually Exclusive EGFR and KRAS Mutations
Authors: Tushir Abhimanyu , Akhtar Israh , Seth Anjali
Published: January 2025

Historically, EGFR and KRAS mutations were believed to be mutually exclusive. However, over the past few years, there have been emerging case reports showing the co-existence of both mutations in a single case. The majority of these co-occurring alterations were detected in samples collected from patients with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, indicating a potential functional role in driving resistance to therapy. These co-occurring tumor genomic alterations are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and evidence suggests that multiple clonal and sub-clonal cancer cell populations can co-exist and contribute to EGFR TKI resistance. We have reported such a case of concomitant EGFR and KRAS mutation in a 64-year-old female. This case highlights the importance of continuous molecular testing in managing NSCLC, especially in cases with rare mutation profiles. The emergence of new mutations during treatment can significantly impact the course of therapy and patient outcomes. In this case, the detection of both EGFR and KRAS mutations guided the selection of an appropriate targeted therapeutic strategy, including the use of Amivantamab.
A Newborn with Cleft Palate Associated with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Nestler Ulf , Gräfe Daniel , Strehlow Vincent , Jauss Robin-Tobias , Merkenschlager Andreas , Schönfeld Annika , Wilhelmy Florian
Published: January 2025

Background: PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) has evolved into an umbrella term for a range of syndromes, characterized by loss-of-function variants in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10q23.31. This can result in a lifelong tumor predisposition in patients. Often, the syndrome is diagnosed in early childhood because of macrocephaly, dermatological findings, or development delay. Since the correlation between phenotype and genotype is weak, and the penetrance is age-dependent, this poses the question of the appropriate timing of potentially invasive and burdensome examinations for early cancer detection. Case: The present report describes an infant with cleft palate associated with PHTS, a rare occurrence, though the initial report of Cowden syndrome already pointed to oromaxillofacial abnormalities. The recent pediatric literature is reviewed to assess which clinical symptoms should raise suspicion of PHTS and may then lead to early genetic counseling. Conclusion: Since the amount of prospective data remains limited, and the estimation of tumor risk during infancy and adulthood is very difficult, we advocate for early and broad genetic testing in suspected cases, to gain more insights into this rare disease and allow for better counseling for patients and their families.
Chitosan Coating Loaded with Spearmint Essential Oil Nanoemulsion for Antifungal Protection in Soft Citrus (Citrus reticulata) Fruits
Authors: Maswanganye Lebogang T. C. , Pillai Sreejarani Kesavan , Sivakumar Dharini
Published: January 2025

In this study, chitosan (CH) was loaded with spearmint (S) essential oil nanoemulsion (EO) to provide antifungal properties during the postharvest storage of soft citrus fruits. (S)-EO (2%) nanoemulsion–CH (0.8%) coatings inhibited 100% of Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum radial mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro. The (S)-EO (2%) nanoemulsion–CH coating (0.8%) enhanced the antifungal activity by achieving 100% inhibition of P. digitatum in soft citrus cultivars ‘Nova’ and ‘Tango’ compared to the control in vivo. However, P. italicum decay was reduced to 33% and 18% in ‘Nova’ and ‘Tango’ soft citrus compared to the control. The (S)-EO (2%)-CH nanoemulsion coating system prepared by high shear homogenization showed a particle size of 252.3 nm and zeta potential of +21.6 mV, indicating changes in molecular interactions and structural reorganization between EO and CH. The polydispersity index values indicated a stable system. pH remained acidic, antifungal activity was favored, and the incorporation of the EO nanoemulsion improved the thermal stability of the CH coating. The optical properties showed less transparency and more opacity. Despite cultivar differences affecting host specificity, the study recommends using a 2% (S)EO nanoemulsion–CH (0.8%) coating instead of synthetic chemicals to extend citrus fruit storage life.
Beam Plasma Source-Enhanced Deposition of Hydrophobic Fluorocarbon Thin Films
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Wang Keliang , Malhado Carson , Fan Qi Hua
Published: January 2025

Fluorocarbon thin films are widely used in protective coatings due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties. However, their inherent lubricating nature often results in low scratch resistance and poor adhesion to substrates. In this study, a beam plasma source was employed to deposit fluorocarbon thin films, resulting in enhanced adhesion and scratch resistance while preserving optical transmittance and hydrophobicity. The beam plasma source can generate high-density plasma, resulting in the effective dissociation of the C4F8 source gas, as evidenced by the large ion current and high film deposition rates. A unique feature of this beam plasma source is that it can simultaneously emit a single broad beam of ions with independently controllable ion energy and flux to interact with the film. The fluorocarbon films exhibit high hydrophobicity with a contact angle of about 105°, a high optical transmittance of 85–90% in the visible wavelength range, and exceptional scratch resistance and durability.
First-Principles Study on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of BiOIO3 Doped with As, Se, and Te
Authors: Lang Fumei , Wen Xue , Liu Jibo , Huang Yineng , Zhang Lili , Lu Haiming , Jiang Kaiye , Zhang Baohua
Published: January 2025

This study calculates the electronic structure and optical properties of intrinsic BiOIO3 and X-BiOIO3 (X = As, Se, or Te) using PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof) and MBJ (Modified Becke–Johnson) functionals based on density functional theory, with MBJ showing better correlation with experimental values. The X-BiOIO3 systems exhibit relative stability under MBJ potential and show crystal lattice distortion compared to intrinsic BiOIO3, creating localized potential differences that enhance polarization and adjust the bandgap. Doping reduces the bandwidth and increases energy level density, promoting electron transitions. Consequently, based on the computational results presented in this paper, it can be inferred that both BiOIO3 and X-BiOIO3 facilitate water hydrolysis and oxygen generation due to their favorable energy band positions. Notably, Se-BiOIO3 exhibits the highest visible light absorption capacity, which may enhance photocatalytic efficiency by strengthening the built-in electric field and promoting charge carrier generation.
Numerical Simulation and Comprehensive Analysis of Double-Layer Elastic Acoustic Materials as Proppants for Sonic Logging
Authors: Guo Xiao , Lin Yanji , Guo Yujiang , Chen Zuo , Gao Yuan , Zhang Jianfu , Feng Pingfa , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive numerical and theoretical investigation into the acoustic scattering properties of double-layer elastic spheres, designed as functional particles for enhancing sonic logging accuracy in reservoir exploration. By analyzing the normalized maximum scattering sound field under various external conditions, the research identifies critical parameters influencing acoustic scattering performance, including incident wave frequency, outer particle radius, and the elastic modulus of the outer material. The results demonstrate that the normalized maximum scattering field for a single-layer elastic sphere is approximately 2.0, while the introduction of a double-layer configuration increases this value to around 2.5, representing a 25% improvement in scattering performance. This enhancement underscores the effectiveness of the double-layer structure in optimizing scattering characteristics, particularly under challenging operational conditions. These findings provide a robust theoretical framework for the design and application of intelligent acoustic materials, enabling precise acoustic field control and improved logging accuracy in complex reservoir environments. This work advances the interdisciplinary understanding of acoustics and materials science, offering innovative insights into the development of next-generation sonic logging technologies for demanding exploration scenarios.
Hot Corrosion Behavior of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia in the Presence of CMAS and CMAS + NaVO3 Mixture
Authors: Zhang Mourui , Feng Yang , Shang Yong , Peng Hui , Guo Lei , Pei Yanling , Gong Shengkai
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to study the corrosion mechanism of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) powder and CMAS + NaVO3 (hereafter referred to as CN) mixed powder on a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) block at different temperatures. In this paper, the CMAS and CN corrosion behavior of YSZ at 1200 °C and 1250 °C was studied. The results show that at 1200 °C, CMAS cannot completely melt, causing limited damage to YSZ. However, CN melts completely at this temperature, partially penetrating the YSZ interior and causing surface corrosion. At 1250 °C, both CMAS and CN melt completely. CMAS, characterized by high viscosity and shallow penetration, seriously damaged the YSZ surface layer. In contrast, CN, with its lower viscosity and enhanced penetration capability, induces internal corrosion of YSZ. Through the analysis of the corrosion mechanisms of CMAS and CN, it is concluded that CN poses a more significant threat to the integrity of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs).
Transient Diffusiophoresis of a Spherical Colloidal Particle
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

A general theoretical approach is introduced to analyze the time-dependent, transient diffusiophoresis of a charged spherical colloidal particle in a symmetrical electrolyte solution when an electrolyte concentration gradient is suddenly applied. We derive a closed-form approximate expression for the relaxation function R(t), which describes the time course of the diffusiophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical colloidal particle possessing a thin electrical double layer. The relaxation function depends on the mass density ratio of the particle to the electrolyte solution and the kinematic viscosity. However, it does not depend on the type of electrolyte (e.g., KCl or NaCl). It is also found that the expression for the relaxation function in transient diffusiophoresis of a weakly charged spherical colloidal particle with a thin electrical double layer takes the same form as that for its transient electrophoresis.
Spectral Representation and Simulation of Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Rybakov Konstantin
Published: January 2025

This paper gives a new representation for the fractional Brownian motion that can be applied to simulate this self-similar random process in continuous time. Such a representation is based on the spectral form of mathematical description and the spectral method. The Legendre polynomials are used as the orthonormal basis. The paper contains all the necessary algorithms and their theoretical foundation, as well as the results of numerical experiments.
Lightweight Scheme for Secure Signaling and Data Exchanges in Intelligent Precision Agriculture
Authors: Kadhim Thekaa Ali , Abduljabbar Zaid Ameen , AL-Asadi Hamid Ali Abed , Nyangaresi Vincent Omollo , Ali Zahraa Abdullah , Abduljaleel Iman Qays
Published: January 2025

Intelligent precision agriculture incorporates a number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and drones to supervise agricultural activities and surroundings. The collected data are then forwarded to processing centers to facilitate crucial decisions. This can potentially help optimize the usage of agricultural resources and thwart disasters, enhancing productivity and profitability. To facilitate monitoring and decision, the smart devices in precision agriculture must exchange massive amounts of data across the open wireless communication channels. This inadvertently introduces a number of vulnerabilities, exposing the collected data to numerous security and privacy threats. To address these issues, massive security solutions have been introduced to secure the communication process in precision agriculture. However, most of the current security solutions either fail to offer perfect protection or are inefficient. In this paper, a scheme deploying efficient cryptographic primitives such as hashing, exclusive OR and random number generators is presented. We utilize the Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic to demonstrate the verifiable security of the negotiated session keys. In addition, we execute an extensive semantic analysis which reveals the robustness of our scheme against a myriad of threats. Moreover, comparative performance evaluations demonstrate its computation overheads and energy consumption efficiency.
AI-Powered Neuro-Oncology: EfficientNetB0’s Role in Tumor Differentiation
Authors: Aksoy Serra , Dasgupta Pritika
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Brain tumors are among the severe and life-threatening conditions, with timely and accurate detection being crucial for determining the appropriate course of treatment. These tumors can vary widely in their aggressiveness, location, and type, making early diagnosis and precise classification essential for improving patient outcomes and survival rates. The complexity of brain tumors, combined with the detailed nature of MRI scans, presents significant challenges in the diagnostic process, underscoring the need for advanced tools to support clinicians in making informed decisions. New Method: This study focuses on developing and evaluating a proposed model for brain tumor classification using MRI images. The model employs a transfer learning approach fine-tuned to the brain tumor dataset, explicitly utilizing the EfficientNetB0 architecture. Results: The proposed model achieved an outstanding overall accuracy of 0.99, with precision, recall, and F1 scores exceeding 0.98 across all tumor classes. Comparison with Existing Methods: These results demonstrate the model’s potential as a reliable tool for assisting clinicians in diagnosing and classifying brain tumors. Conclusions: This is particularly valuable in the early stages of tumor development, where detection can be challenging, and early intervention is critical for successful treatment.
Real-World Experience with CDK4/6 Inhibitors in the First-Line Palliative Setting for HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Patel Ram , Mathews John , Hamm Caroline , Kulkarni Swati , Gupta Rasna , Opperman Tarquin , Chiong John Dean , Nasser Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Introduction: CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer. Landmark trials have demonstrated a comparable progression-free survival (PFS) across CDK4/6 inhibitors, but the overall survival (OS) outcomes have varied. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world PFS and OS for palbociclib and ribociclib when combined with AIs in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of adult patients with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer treated at a single academic center between 1 January 2015 and 1 December 2022. The baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment details were extracted. A Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate the PFS and OS, and differences between the treatment groups were assessed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to adjust for confounding factors. Results: Seventy-five patients were included in the final analysis. The cohort was predominantly female (98.7%) and postmenopausal (77.3%), with 52.0% having de novo stage IV disease. Palbociclib was prescribed to 74.7% of the patients, and ribociclib to 25.3%. The patients receiving ribociclib were significantly younger (57.6 vs. 67.5 years, p = 0.013) and more likely to be premenopausal (42.1% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001). The real-world median PFS and OS for palbociclib were 20.3 months (95% CI: 14.8–46) and 37.2 months (95% CI: 20.3–not reached [NR]), respectively. For ribociclib, the median PFS and OS were not reached. The Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age and menopausal status found no significant differences between ribociclib and palbociclib for the PFS (HR = 0.92, p = 0.86) or OS (HR = 0.95, p = 0.92). Conclusion: In this real-world analysis, palbociclib demonstrated a median PFS consistent with the results from landmark trials, although the observed OS was shorter. The ribociclib-treated patients had a numerically longer PFS and OS compared with those treated with palbociclib, but the differences were not statistically significant. The discontinuation rates were similar between the two groups.
Biology of Blattodea and Dermaptera in the Continental Biogeographical Region and Adjacent Areas of European Russia
Authors: Aleksanov Victor V. , Ruchin Alexander B. , Shulaev Nikolai V. , Karmazina Inessa O. , Lukiyanov Sergey V. , Lobachev Evgeniy A. , Nikolaeva Anna M. , Esin Mikhail N.
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Blattodea and Dermaptera in the temperate forest zone include a limited number of species, some of which are widely distributed and common. However, digital data on their biology remains insufficient. (2) Methods: The surveyed area extends from Kaluga Oblast to Tatarstan and from Vladimir Oblast to Voronezh Oblast. Insects were sampled from 736 plots using various methods, including pitfall traps, beer traps, window traps, pan traps, and sweep nets. (3) Results: The dataset contains 2149 occurrences comprising 18,362 specimens belonging to 5 species of Blattodea and 4 species of Dermaptera. For most occurrences, we recorded the developmental stage (nymph or adult) and the sex (male or female for adults) of the specimens. (4) Conclusions: Three non-synanthropic species are widely distributed and common: Ectobius lapponicus, E. sylvestris, and Forficula auricularia. Ectobius sylvestris is characterized as a true forest species, while E. lapponicus inhabits both forest and grassland habitats. In contrast, F. auricularia is associated with gardens, urban habitats, and some meadows. Ectobius sylvestris exhibits a more pronounced sexual dimorphism concerning the effectiveness of different sampling methods compared to E. lapponicus. Seasonal dynamics of cockroaches and earwigs are described and discussed.
Impact of Extended Membrane Rupture on Neonatal Inflammatory Responses and Composite Neonatal Outcomes in Early-Preterm Neonates—A Prospective Study
Authors: Hincu Maura-Adelina , Gheorghe Liliana , Paduraru Luminita , Dimitriu Daniela-Cristina , Harabor Anamaria , Vasilache Ingrid-Andrada , Solomon-Condriuc Iustina , Carauleanu Alexandru , Scripcariu Ioana Sadiye , Nemescu Dragos
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Prolonged prelabour rupture of membranes (PROMs), and the resulting inflammatory response, can contribute to the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes, especially for early-preterm neonates. This prospective study aimed to measure neonates’ inflammatory markers in the first 72 h of life based on ROM duration. The second aim was to examine the relationship between PROMs, serum inflammatory markers, and composite adverse neonatal outcomes after controlling for gestational age (GA). Methods: Data from 1026 patients were analyzed considering the following groups: group 1 (ROM < 18 h, n = 447 patients) and group 2 (ROM > 18 h, n = 579 patients). These groups were further segregated depending on the GA at the moment of membranes’ rupture into subgroup 1 (<33 weeks of gestation and 6 days, n = 168 patients) and subgroup 2 (at least 34 completed weeks of gestation, n = 858 patients). Multiple logistic regressions and interaction analyses adjusted for GA considering five composite adverse neonatal outcomes and predictors were employed. Results: PROMs and high c-reactive protein (CRP) values significantly increased the risk of composite outcome 1 occurrence by 14% (95%CI: 1.03–1.57, p < 0.001). PROMs and high CRP values increased the risk of composite outcome 5 by 14% (95%CI: 1.07–1.78, p < 0.001), PROM and leukocytosis by 11% (95%CI: 1.02–1.59, p = 0.001), and PROMs and high PCT values by 21% (95%CI: 1.04–2.10, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The combination of PROMs and high CRP values significantly increased the risk of all evaluated adverse composite outcomes in early-preterm neonates and should point to careful monitoring of these patients.
Illuminating the Shadows: Innovation in Advanced Imaging Techniques for Myeloma Precursor Conditions
Authors: Cicero Kara I. , Banerjee Rahul , Kwok Mary , Dima Danai , Portuguese Andrew J. , Chen Delphine , Chalian Majid , Cowan Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), the asymptomatic precursors to multiple myeloma, affect up to 5% of the population over the age of 40. Bone involvement, a myeloma-defining event, represents a major source of morbidity for patients. Key goals for the management of myeloma precursor conditions include (1) identifying patients at the highest risk for progression to MM with bone involvement and (2) differentiating precursor states from active myeloma requiring treatment. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) have improved sensitivity for the detection of myeloma bone disease compared to traditional skeletal surveys, and such advanced imaging also provides this field with better tools for detecting early signs of progression. Herein, we review the data supporting the use of advanced imaging for both diagnostics and prognostication in myeloma precursor conditions.
First Clinical Experience of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Tertiary Cancer Center: Identifying Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Al-Ibraheem Akram , Abdlkadir Ahmed Saad , Al-Rasheed Ula , Al-Adhami Dhuha , Istatieh Feras , Anwar Farah , Abdulrahman Marwah , Amarin Rula , Mohamad Issa , Mansour Asem
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Over the past four years, 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been established at a tertiary cancer care facility in Jordan. This retrospective study aims to explore tracer uptake metrics across various epithelial neoplasms, identify diagnostic pitfalls associated with 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT, and evaluate the influence of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT staging results on changes in therapeutic intent compared to gold standard molecular imaging modalities. Methods: A total of 48 patients with biopsy-confirmed solid tumors underwent 77 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT examinations for molecular imaging assessment, encompassing neoplasms originating from the gastrointestinal tract, head and neck, hepatobiliary system, pancreas, breast, and lung. Results: Notably, pancreaticobiliary tumors exhibited the highest tracer uptake, with mean maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) surpassing 10. A comparative sub-analysis of 68Ga-FAPI PET metrics in 20 treatment-naïve patients revealed a significant correlation between 68Ga-FAPI uptake metrics and tumor grade (Spearman’s rho 0.83; p = 0.00001). Importantly, the results from 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT influenced treatment decisions in 35.5% of the cases, primarily resulting in an escalation of management plans. A total of 220 diagnostic challenges were identified across 88.3% of the scans, predominantly within the musculoskeletal system, attributed to degenerative changes (99 observations). Conclusions: This comprehensive analysis highlights the potential significance of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in oncological imaging and treatment strategy, while also emphasizing the necessity for meticulous interpretation to mitigate diagnostic challenges.
Analysis of Factors Related to Early Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Hoang M. , Truong Hung P. , Tran Cuong C. , Vo Tuan M. , Nguyen Dung N. Q. , Dao Liem T.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the factors linked to early left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in hypertensive patients who have preserved ejection fraction (EF ≥ 50%) using speckle tracking echocardiography. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 579 outpatients recruited from City International Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City using a total sampling approach, where echocardiographic measurements and clinical data were gathered and analyzed. Results: The prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction among hypertensive individuals was found to be 45.25%, with 9.15% showing abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS). Factors such as being over the age of 60, having diabetes, concentric LV hypertrophy, concentric LV remodeling, and LV diastolic dysfunction were identified as correlating with abnormal GLS (p < 0.05). In contrast, other cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking and dyslipidemia, did not significantly influence the GLS index (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Key factors including diabetes, diastolic dysfunction, concentric hypertrophy, and concentric remodeling of the LV are significant predictors of abnormal GLS. These results are important for the management of hypertensive patients aimed at enhancing cardiac function.
Machine-Learning Parsimonious Prediction Model for Diagnostic Screening of Severe Hematological Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Retrospective Observational Study by Using the Common Data Model
Authors: Park Seok Jun , Yang Seungwon , Lee Suhyun , Joo Sung Hwan , Park Taemin , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Hyeonji , Park Soyun , Kim Jung-Tae , Kwack Won Gun , Kang Sung Wook , Song Yun-Kyoung , Cha Jae Myung , Rhee Sang Youl , Chung Eun Kyoung
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Earlier detection of severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) in cancer patients treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is critical to improving treatment outcomes. The study aimed to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model for predicting irHAEs associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Methods: We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership–Common Data Model based on electronic medical records from a tertiary (KHMC) and a secondary (KHNMC) hospital in South Korea. Severe irHAEs were defined as Grades 3–5 by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). The predictive model was developed using the KHMC dataset, and then cross-validated against an independent cohort (KHNMC). The full ML models were then simplified by selecting critical features based on the feature importance values (FIVs). Results: Overall, 397 and 255 patients were included in the primary (KHMC) and cross-validation (KHNMC) cohort, respectively. Among the tested ML algorithms, random forest achieved the highest accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.88 for both cohorts). Parsimonious models reduced to 50% FIVs of the full models showed comparable performance to the full models (AUROC 0.83–0.86, p > 0.05). The KHMC and KHNMC parsimonious models shared common predictive features including furosemide, oxygen gas, piperacillin/tazobactam, and acetylcysteine. Conclusions: Considering the simplicity and adequate predictive performance, our simplified ML models might be easily implemented in clinical practice with broad applicability. Our model might enhance early diagnostic screening of irHAEs induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, contributing to minimizing the risk of severe irHAEs and improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.