bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sphere-forming cells from peripheral cornea demonstrate the ability to repopulate the ocular surface
Authors: Mathan Jeremy John , Ismail Salim , McGhee Jennifer Jane , McGhee Charles Ninian John , Sherwin Trevor
Published: June 2016

Background

The limbus forms the outer rim of the cornea at the corneoscleral junction and harbours a population of stem cells for corneal maintenance. Injuries to the limbus, through disease or accidents such as chemical injuries or burns, may lead to significant visual impairment due to depletion of the native stem cells of the tissue.

Methods

Sphere-forming cells were isolated from peripheral cornea for potential use as transplantable elements for limbal stem cell repopulation and limbal reconstruction. Immunocytochemistry, live cell imaging and quantitative PCR were used to characterize spheres and elucidate activity post implantation into human cadaveric corneal tissue.

Results

Spheres stained positively for stem cell markers ∆NP63α, ABCG2 and ABCB5 as well as the basal limbal marker and putative niche marker, notch 1. In addition, spheres also stained positively for markers of corneal cells, vimentin, keratin 3, keratocan and laminin, indicating a heterogeneous mix of stromal and epithelial-origin cells. Upon implantation into decellularized corneoscleral tissue, 3D, polarized and radially orientated cell migration with cell proliferation was observed. Cells migrated out from the spheres and repopulated the entire corneal surface over 14 days. Post-implantation analysis revealed qualitative evidence of stem, stromal and epithelial cell markers while quantitative PCR showed a quantitative reduction in keratocan and laminin expression indicative of an enhanced progenitor cell response. Proliferation, quantified by PCNA expression, significantly increased at 4 days subsequently followed by a decrease at day 7 post implantation.

Conclusion

These observations suggest great promise for the potential of peripheral corneal spheres as transplantable units for corneal repair, targeting ocular surface regeneration and stem cell repopulation.
Regenerative medicine in China: demands, capacity, and regulation
Authors: Cheng Biao , Lu Shuliang , Fu Xiaobing
Published: June 2016

Regenerative medicine (RM) is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research. Its clinical application focuses on the repair, replacement, and regeneration of cells, tissues, and organs by approaches including cell reprogramming, stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering, activating factors, and clone treatment. RM has become a hot point of research in China and other countries. China’s main and local governments have attached great importance to RM and given strong support in relevant policies and funding. About 3.5 billion RMB has been invested in this field. Since 1999, China has established about 30 RM centers and cooperates with many advanced countries in RM research and benefits from their cooperation. However, China needs to develop standards, regulations, and management practices suitable for the healthy development of RM. In this review, we focus on its great demand, capacity, and relative regulations.
Rethinking funding priorities in mental health research
Authors: Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Betts Virginia Trotter , Greenman Lisa , Essock Susan M. , Escobar Javier I. , Barch Deanna , Hogan Michael F. , Areán Patricia A. , Druss Benjamin G. , DiClemente Ralph J. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Jeste Dilip V. , Proctor Enola K. , Ruiz Pedro , Rush A. John , Canino Glorisa J. , Bell Carl C. , Henry Renata , Iversen Portia
Published: June 2016

Mental health research funding priorities in high-income countries must balance longer-term investment in identifying neurobiological mechanisms of disease with shorter-term funding of novel prevention and treatment strategies to alleviate the current burden of mental illness. Prioritising one area of science over others risks reduced returns on the entire scientific portfolio.
End-of-life care in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Waterman Lauren Z. , Denton David , Minton Ollie
Published: June 2016

Since the Liverpool Care Pathway has been withdrawn in the UK, clinicians supporting the palliative needs of patients have faced further challenges, particularly for patients with dementia who are unable to go to a hospice owing to challenging behaviours. It is becoming more important for different services to provide long-term palliative care for patients with dementia. Mental health trusts should construct end-of-life care policies and train staff members accordingly. Through collaborative working, dying patients may be kept where they are best suited. We present the case study of a patient who received end-of-life care at a psychiatric hospital in the UK. We aim to demonstrate how effective end-of-life care might be provided in a psychiatric hospital, in accordance with recent new palliative care guidelines, and highlight potential barriers.
Mind how you cross the gap! Outcomes for young people who failed to make the transition from child to adult services: the TRACK study
Authors: Islam Zoebia , Ford Tamsin , Kramer Tami , Paul Moli , Parsons Helen , Harley Katherine , Weaver Tim , McLaren Susan , Singh Swaran P.
Published: June 2016

Aims and method

The Transitions of Care from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services to Adult Mental Health Services (TRACK) study was a multistage, multicentre study of adolescents' transitions between child and adult mental health services undertaken in England. We conducted a secondary analysis of the TRACK study data to investigate healthcare provision for young people (n = 64) with ongoing mental health needs, who were not transferred from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services mental health services (AMHS).

Results

The most common outcomes were discharge to a general practitioner (GP; n =29) and ongoing care with CAMHS (n = 13), with little indication of use of third-sector organisations. Most of these young people had emotional/neurotic disorders (n = 31, 48.4%) and neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 15, 23.4%).

Clinical implications

GPs and CAMHS are left with the responsibility for the continuing care of young people for whom no adult mental health service could be identified. GPs may not be able to offer the skilled ongoing care that these young people need. Equally, the inability to move them decreases the capacity of CAMHS to respond to new referrals and may leave some young people with only minimal support.
Community treatment orders in the UK 5 years on: a repeat national survey of psychiatrists
Authors: DeRidder Ritz , Molodynski Andrew , Manning Catherine , McCusker Pearse , Rugkåsa Jorun
Published: June 2016

Aims and method

Community treatment orders (CTOs) are increasingly embedded into UK practice and their use continues to rise. However, they remain highly controversial. We surveyed psychiatrists to establish their experiences and current opinions of using CTOs and to compare findings with our previous survey conducted in 2010.

Results

The opinions of psychiatrists in the UK have not changed since 2010 in spite of recent evidence questioning the effectiveness of CTOs. Clinical factors (the need for engagement and treatment adherence, and the achievement of adherence and improved insight) remain the most important considerations in initiating and discharging a CTO.

Clinical implications

Given the accumulating evidence from research and clinical practice that CTOs do not improve outcomes, it is concerning that psychiatrists' opinions have not altered in response, particularly given the implications for patient care.
Little evidence for community treatment orders – a battle fought with heavy weapons
Authors: Heun Reinhard , Dave Subodh , Rowlands Paul
Published: June 2016

This editorial discusses the pros and cons of community treatment orders (CTOs) from the perspective of community general adult psychiatry. There is little scientific evidence supporting the application of CTOs. Preconditions of a CTO to work are likely to be met by few patients. The time for the application of a CTO may be better spent for patient-centred care until there is sufficient new and robust evidence that identifies the patients that might profit.
Potentially Curable Pancreatic Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Khorana Alok A. , Mangu Pamela B. , Berlin Jordan , Engebretson Anitra , Hong Theodore S. , Maitra Anirban , Mohile Supriya G. , Mumber Matthew , Schulick Richard , Shapiro Marc , Urba Susan , Zeh Herbert J. , Katz Matthew H.G.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

To provide evidence-based recommendations to oncologists and others on potentially curative therapy for patients with localized pancreatic cancer.

Methods

ASCO convened a panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, palliative care, and advocacy experts and conducted a systematic review of literature from January 2002 to June 2015. Outcomes included overall survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials met the systematic review criteria.

Recommendations

A multiphase computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis or magnetic resonance imaging should be performed for all patients to assess the anatomic relationships of the primary tumor and for the presence of intra-abdominal metastases. Baseline performance status, comorbidity profile, and goals of care should be evaluated and established. Primary surgical resection is recommended for all patients who have no metastases, appropriate performance and comorbidity profiles, and no radiographic interface between primary tumor and mesenteric vasculature. Preoperative therapy is recommended for patients who meet specific characteristics. All patients with resected pancreatic cancer who did not receive preoperative therapy should be offered 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy in the absence of contraindications. Adjuvant chemoradiation may be offered to patients who did not receive preoperative therapy with microscopically positive margins (R1) after resection and/or who had node-positive disease after completion of 4 to 6 months of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients should have a full assessment of symptoms, psychological status, and social supports and should receive palliative care early. Patients who have completed treatment and have no evidence of disease should be monitored. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/guidelines/PCPC and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Locally Advanced, Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Balaban Edward P. , Mangu Pamela B. , Khorana Alok A. , Shah Manish A. , Mukherjee Somnath , Crane Christopher H. , Javle Milind M. , Eads Jennifer R. , Allen Peter , Ko Andrew H. , Engebretson Anitra , Herman Joseph M. , Strickler John H. , Benson Al B. , Urba Susan , Yee Nelson S.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

To provide evidence-based recommendations to oncologists and others for treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods

American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, gastroenterology, palliative care, and advocacy experts and conducted a systematic review of the literature from January 2002 to June 2015. Outcomes included overall survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events.

Results

Twenty-six randomized controlled trials met the systematic review criteria.

Recommendations

A multiphase computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis should be performed. Baseline performance status and comorbidity profile should be evaluated. The goals of care, patient preferences, psychological status, support systems, and symptoms should guide decisions for treatments. A palliative care referral should occur at first visit. Initial systemic chemotherapy (6 months) with a combination regimen is recommended for most patients (for some patients radiation therapy may be offered up front) with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1 and a favorable comorbidity profile. There is no clear evidence to support one regimen over another. The gemcitabine-based combinations and treatments recommended in the metastatic setting (eg, fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin and gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel) have not been evaluated in randomized controlled trials involving locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. If there is local disease progression after induction chemotherapy, without metastasis, then radiation therapy or stereotactic body radiotherapy may be offered also with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 2 and an adequate comorbidity profile. If there is stable disease after 6 months of induction chemotherapy but unacceptable toxicities, radiation therapy may be offered as an alternative. Patients with disease progression should be offered treatment per the ASCO Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Guideline. Follow-up visits every 3 to 4 months are recommended. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/guidelines/LAPC and www.asco.org/guidelines/MetPC and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
HES factors regulate specific aspects of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy during cartilage development
Authors: Rutkowski Timothy P. , Kohn Anat , Sharma Deepika , Ren Yinshi , Mirando Anthony J. , Hilton Matthew J.
Published: June 2016

RBPjκ-dependent Notch signaling regulates multiple processes during cartilage development, including chondrogenesis, chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix catabolism. Select members of the HES- and HEY-families of transcription factors are recognized Notch signaling targets that mediate specific aspects of Notch function during development. However, whether particular HES and HEY factors play any role(s) in the processes during cartilage development is unknown. Here, for the first time, we have developed unique in vivo genetic models and in vitro approaches demonstrating that the RBPjκ-dependent Notch targets HES1 and HES5 suppress chondrogenesis and promote the onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy. HES1 and HES5 might have some overlapping function in these processes, although only HES5 directly regulates Sox9 transcription to coordinate cartilage development. HEY1 and HEYL play no discernable role in regulating chondrogenesis or chondrocyte hypertrophy, whereas none of the HES or HEY factors appear to mediate Notch regulation of cartilage matrix catabolism. This work identifies important candidates that might function as downstream mediators of Notch signaling both during normal skeletal development and in Notch-related skeletal disorders.
Regional variability in diving physiology and behavior in a widely distributed air-breathing marine predator, the South American sea lionOtaria byronia
Authors: Hückstädt Luis A. , Tift Michael S. , Riet-Sapriza Federico , Franco-Trecu Valentina , Baylis Alastair M. M. , Orben Rachael A. , Arnould John P. Y. , Sepulveda Maritza , Santos Macarena , Burns Jennifer M. , Costa Daniel P.
Published: June 2016

Our understanding of how air-breathing marine predators cope with environmental variability is limited by our inadequate knowledge of their ecological and physiological parameters. Due to their wide distribution along both coasts of the sub-continent, South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) provide a valuable opportunity to study the behavioral and physiological plasticity of a marine predator in different environments. We measured the oxygen stores and diving behavior of South American sea lions throughout most of its range, allowing us to demonstrate that diving ability and behavior vary across its range. We found no significant differences in mass-specific blood volumes of sea lions among field sites and a negative relationship between mass-specific oxygen storage and size, which suggests that exposure to different habitats and geographical locations better explains oxygen storage capacities and diving capability in South American sea lions than body size alone. The largest animals in our study (individuals from Uruguay) were the most shallow and short duration divers, and had the lowest mass-specific total body oxygen stores, while the deepest and longest duration divers (individuals from Southern Chile) had significantly larger mass-specific oxygen stores, despite being much smaller animals.

Our study suggests that the physiology of air-breathing diving predators is not fixed, but that it can be adjusted, to a certain extent, depending on the ecological setting and or habitat. These adjustments can be thought of as a “training effect” as the animal continues to push its physiological capacity through greater hypoxic exposure, its breath holding capacity increases.
Monoclonal antibodies against muscle actin isoforms: epitope identification and analysis of isoform expression by immunoblot and immunostaining in normal and regenerating skeletal muscle
Authors: Chaponnier Christine , Gabbiani Giulio
Published: June 2016

Higher vertebrates (mammals and birds) express six different highly conserved actin isoforms that can be classified in three subgroups: 1) sarcomeric actins, α-skeletal (α-SKA) and α-cardiac (α-CAA), 2) smooth muscle actins (SMAs), α-SMA and γ-SMA, and 3) cytoplasmic actins (CYAs), β-CYA and γ-CYA. The variations among isoactins, in each subgroup, are due to 3-4 amino acid differences located in their acetylated N-decapeptide sequence. The first monoclonal antibody (mAb) against an actin isoform (α-SMA) was produced and characterized in our laboratory in 1986 (Skalli et al., 1986) . We have further obtained mAbs against the 5 other isoforms. In this report, we focus on the mAbs anti-α-SKA and anti-α-CAA obtained after immunization of mice with the respective acetylated N-terminal decapeptides using the Repetitive Immunizations at Multiple Sites Strategy (RIMMS). In addition to the identification of their epitope by immunoblotting, we describe the expression of the 2 sarcomeric actins in mature skeletal muscle and during muscle repair after micro-lesions. In particular, we analyze the expression of α-CAA, α-SKA and α-SMA by co-immunostaining in a time course frame during the muscle repair process. Our results indicate that a restricted myocyte population expresses α-CAA and suggest a high capacity of self-regeneration in muscle cells. These antibodies may represent a helpful tool for the follow-up of muscle regeneration and pathological changes.
PORTEFÓLIO REFLEXIVO DE MATEMÁTICA ENQUANTO INSTRUMENTO DE AUTORREGULAÇÃO DAS APRENDIZAGENS DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO
Authors: Dias Célia , Santos Leonor
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar aspectos del aprendizaje de las matemáticas de los estudiantes de secundaria en situaciones mediadas por un dispositivo para la evaluación para el aprendizaje. En concreto, se estudiaron los procesos que tres estudiantes utilizaron cuando se desarrolló un portafolio de matemáticas. El trabajo se centra en la actividad del estudiante, y la mayoría de las decisiones fueron transferidas al estudiante. El análisis del contenido del texto escrito en el portafolio aporta explicaciones sobre aspectos cognitivos y metacognitivos del pensamiento matemático del alumno durante la construcción de dicho portafolio. El portafolio es una manera efectiva y práctica de ejercer una diferenciación pedagógica y ofrece, en un modo continuo y sistemático, el desarrollo de procesos metacognitivos que permitan el desarrollo de un aprendizaje autorregulado.
Decision-making in the treatment of adult spinal deformity
Authors: Acaroglu Emre ,   European Spine Study Group
Published: June 2016

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a very diverse condition that affects the quality of life of the involved individuals deeply. There is an ongoing discussion as to whether treatment should be surgical (which is potentially dangerous) or non-surgical. In addition to a systematic review of literature on the surgical treatment of ASD with special emphasis on complications, a decision-analysis was performed using the patient information within a European multi-centric database of ASD. The probabilities of improvement and complications as well as associated disease burden (utility) were calculated at the baseline and at first-year follow-up. Decision-analysis suggests that the chances of clinical improvement are significantly higher with surgical treatment. Though surgical treatment is significantly more prone to complications, the likelihood of improvement remains higher than that offered by non-surgical treatment. Surgical treatment of ASD appears to be associated with a higher likelihood of clinical improvement. Future work needs to focus on refining the criteria for appropriate patient selection and decreasing the incidence of complications.

Cite this article: Acaroglu E, European Spine Study Group. Decision-making in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:167-176. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000013.
Chronic osteomyelitis: what the surgeon needs to know
Authors: Panteli Michalis , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: June 2016

Chronic osteomyelitis represents a progressive inflammatory process caused by pathogens, resulting in bone destruction and sequestrum formation. It may present with periods of quiescence of variable duration, whereas its occurrence, type, severity and prognosis is multifactorial. The ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis is the presence of positive bone cultures and histopathologic examination of the bone. Its management remains challenging to the treating physician, with a multidisciplinary approach involving radiologists, microbiologists with expertise in infectious diseases, orthopaedic surgeons and plastic surgeons. Treatment should be tailored to each patient according the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as to the clinical and radiological response to treatment. A combined antimicrobial and surgical treatment should be considered in all cases, including appropriate dead space management and subsequent reconstruction. Relapse can occur, even following an apparently successful treatment, which has a major impact on the quality of life of patients and is a substantial financial burden to any healthcare system.

Cite this article EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:128–135. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000017.
Management of ankle fractures in the elderly
Authors: Rammelt Stefan
Published: June 2016

The incidence and severity of ankle fractures in elderly patients is increasing steadily. These injuries are challenging to treat and prone to complications. Individual fracture treatment is tailored depending on bone quality, skin conditions, comorbidities, and functional demand of the patient. This article provides a review of current techniques to obtain stable fixation despite poor bone quality. To avoid complications, it is imperative to consider and treat comorbidities such as diabetes and osteoporosis. In the absence of severe systemic comorbidities, the results after open reduction and internal fixation of malleolar fractures in patients above and below 60 years of age are nearly identical, while nonoperative treatment of unstable fractures leads to significantly inferior outcomes. Therefore, the general indications for surgery in elderly patients should not differ from those in younger patients. However, it is essential to detect severe conditions such as Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy because these require a completely different treatment regime, and standard internal fixation will invariably fail in these patients.

Cite this article: Rammelt S. Management of ankle fractures in the elderly. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:239-246. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000023.
The greatest density of parenchyma inclusions in Karelian birch wood occurs at confluences of phloem flows
Authors: Novitskaya Ludmila , Nikolaeva Nadezhda , Galibina Natalia , Tarelkina Tatiana , Semenova Ludmila
Published: June 2016

The specific pattern of the wood of Karelian birch ( Roth var. (Merckl.) HÃ¤met-Ahti), is created mainly by dark-coloured inclusions of parenchyma tissue. Our study revealed that the greatest density of parenchyma inclusions in Karelian birch wood is observed above branch attachments to the trunk and below forks. In the place of branch attachment, phloem flows of photoassimilates (sucrose) from the branch and along the trunk merge into one pathway, causing a rise in sucrose content in tissues there. In the area below the fork, sucrose flows from two (or more) trunk axes are combined. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated sucrose level is associated with the differentiation of parenchyma. We believe that where large phloem fluxes merge a high level of sucrose promotes mass differentiation of parenchyma cells instead of fibers and vessels. As a result, the density of the figured pattern in the wood increases. The obtained data have a practical value and can be used in developing recommendations for Karelian birch cultivation.Betula pendulacarelica
Radical Leisure
Authors: Swidler Eva
Published: June 2016

Connections, both real and hoped for, between the labor movement and environmentalists have been news for at least fifteen years now. The possibility of such a connection came into wider view at the Seattle World Trade Organization protests in 1999, when alliances between trade unionists and other protest groups made headlines…. Despite the once-exciting and novel possibility being now institutionalized in such organizations as the Labor Network for Sustainability, the Blue-Green Alliance, and SustainLabour, the thrill seems to be gone for mainstream environmentalist discourse, and labor has largely faded from view.… [The struggle to reduce work hours is fertile ground for uniting the efforts of workers and environmentalists.]… That fight for time, however, came to an end decades ago. Now those with jobs demand higher wages instead, and perhaps even overtime work, while the many unemployed and underemployed fight to work at all. Today the dominant idea of a working-class agenda is to fight to be allowed to sell one's time.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
ESTIMATION OF SELECTION ACCURACY AND RESPONSES OF THE PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS USING DIFFERENT SELECTION INTENSITY IN MAGELANG DUCK
Authors: Purwantini D. , Ismoyowati I. , Santoso S. A.
Published: June 2016

This research was aimed to estimate selection response and accuracy of hatching weight, growth and egg production using different selection intensities in Magelang duck. A nested design was used in this study with experimental material was Magelang duck consisted of 8 male (treatments), 40 female (sub-treatments) and 360 offspring (replicates) and the observed parameter was productive characteristics. Nine DOD from each female were measured for hatching weight and growth up to 8 weeks old. The measured Hen Day Production (HDP) at initial laying for within days. Result showed that different selection intensities (25, 50 and 75%) led to response in 2.968; 1.870 and 0.982 g hatching weight; respectively; 0.00221, 0.00139 and 0.00073 g growth, respectively; and 1.728, 1.088 and 0.571% egg production, respectively. Selection accuracy for hatching weight, growth and egg production was 0.70, 0.76 and 0.51, respectively. Conclusively, the less preserved female proportion, the higher selection intensity value thus the higher selection response. Selection accuracy of production characteristics was based on its heritability value.
LEAF QUALITY AND YIELD OF Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Steud UNDER DIFFERENT POPULATION DENSITY AND CUTTING INTERVAL IN COCONUT PLANTATION
Authors: Anis S. D. , Kaligis D. A. , Tulung B. , Aryanto A.
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate leaf quality of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Steud and vegetative growth under different population density and cutting interval in coconut plantation. Plant material of 30 cm length with diameter of 2-3 cm were planted in the poly-bag of 15 x 25 cm size. The area were fertilized using Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) and Kalium Cloride (KCl) fertilizer at 75 kg/ha during land  plough and using N fertilizer (Urea) at 100 kg/ha applied at two months age of plant. Treatment of population density of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Steud at 20, 30 and 40 plants per area of 9 m2 combined with cutting interval of 3; 6; 9 and 12 weeks were conducted in this study. Treatments were set in factorial arrangement based on block randomized design. Variables measured were including quality of leaf, dried matter production rate and vegetative growth. Results showed that nutrient content of the leaf of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Steud dictated by cutting interval, and vegetative performance influenced by the interaction of population density and cutting interval. In conclusion, to sustain high dry matter leaf production and quality of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Steud underneath coconut plantation management should be focused on the planting and defoliation regimes.
COLOR, PIGMENT AND RESIDUAL NITRITE OF DENDENG SAPI NATURALLY CURED AT VARIOUS LEVEL OF CELERY LEAVES AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURES
Authors: Saputro E. , Bintoro V. P. Priyo , Pramono Y. B. Budi
Published: June 2016

his study was conducted to analyze the effect of natural curing by various levels of fresh celery leaves (FCL) and various levels of incubation temperature. The incubation temperature was room temperature (RT) and temperature of 40.6oC (40.6) for 2 hours. These incubation temperatures for creating dendeng sapi were designed to provide the similar curing characteristics of the control (by addition of 50 ppm of NaNO2). Four naturally cured dendeng sapi treatments were A1 = 22 g FCL/kg of beef, RT; A2 = 36 g FCL/kg of beef, RT; A3 = 22 g FCL/kg of beef, 40.6; A4 = 36 g FCL/kg of beef, 40.6 and a treatment of conventionally cured dendeng sapi by addition of 50 ppm NaNO2 as a control (A0 ). All of the naturally cured dendeng sapi (A1-A4) showed color, cured pigment, total pigment and residual nitrite which were not significantly different compared with A0 . The FCL used in this study was an effective replacement for sodium nitrite at the test levels in manufacturing natural cured dendeng sapi. These results indicated that at fewer FCL levels (22 g/kg of beef) and a more practical of the incubation for 2 hours at room temperature were more effective to create naturally cured dendeng sapi.
Ovule Structure of Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium L. (Cynareae, Asteraceae)
Authors: Kolczyk Jolanta , Stolarczyk Piotr , Płachno Bartosz J.
Published: June 2016

Studies concerning the ultrastructure of the periendothelial zone integumentary cells of Asteraceae species are scarce. The aim was to check whether and/or what kinds of integument modifications occur inOnopordum acanthium. Ovule structure was investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. For visualization of calcium oxalate crystals, the polarizing microscopy was used. The periendothelial zone of integument inO. acanthiumis well developed and composed of mucilage cells near the integumentary tapetum and large, highly vacuolated cells at the chalaza and therefore they differ from other integumentary cells. The cells of this zone lack starch and protein bodies. Periendothelial zone cells do not have calcium oxalate crystals, in contrast to other integument cells. The disintegration of periendothelial zone cells was observed in a mature ovule. The general ovule structure ofO. acanthiumis similar to other members of the subfamily Carduoideae, although it is different to “Taraxacum”, “Galinsoga” and “Ratibida” ovule types.
The Influence of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid on Secondary Metabolite Production in Rehmannia Glutinosa Libosch. Hairy Root Culture
Authors: Piątczak Ewelina , Kuźma Łukasz , Wysokińska Halina
Published: June 2016

Rehmannia glutinosa hairy roots were used to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and salicylic acid (SA) on increase of root biomass and production of iridoids (catalpol, harpagide) and phenylethanoids (verbascoside and isoverbascoside). The elicitors were added to 23-day-old culture separately at concentrations between 50 and 200 μM or in combinations at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM. Roots were harvested 72 h and 120 h after elicitation. The type of elicitor, its concentration and exposure time were found to strongly affect the content of each analyzed compound. A 72-hour treatment with 200 μM MeJa was the most effective in increase of verbascoside content (60.07 mg·DW−1 equivalent to 845.45 mg·L−1) and isoverbascoside (1.77 mg·DW−1 equivalent to 24.94 mg·L−1): these respective amounts were roughly 10- and 6.4-fold higher than the control values (unelicited roots). Exposure to 150 μM MeJa provided optimal harpagide content after 72 hours (0.136 mg·DW−1; 7.5-fold increase compared to the control), and catalpol content after 120 hours (up to 2.145 mg·DW−1). The combination of MeJa and SA also resulted in higher levels of secondary metabolites compared to the control culture, although these levels were lower than those observed for MeJa alone at the optimal concentration and exposure time. SA alone was less efficient in enhancing metabolite production than MeJa.
Roughness Prediction Based on a Model of Cochlear Hydrodynamics
Authors: Vencovský Václav
Published: June 2016

The term roughness is used to describe a specific sound sensation which may occur when listening to stimuli with more than one spectral component within the same critical band. It is believed that the spectral components interact inside the cochlea, which leads to fluctuations in the neural signal and, in turn, to a sensation of roughness. This study presents a roughness model composed of two successive stages: peripheral and central. The peripheral stage models the function of the peripheral ear. The central stage predicts roughness from the temporal envelope of the signal processed by the peripheral stage. The roughness model was shown to account for the perceived roughness of various types of acoustic stimuli, including the stimuli with temporal envelopes that are not sinusoidal. It thus accounted for effects of the phase and the shape of the temporal envelope on roughness. The model performance was poor for unmodulated bandpass noise stimuli.
Analysing Sound Environment and Architectural Characteristics of Libraries through Indoor Soundscape Framework
Authors: Dokmeci Yorukoglu Papatya Nur , Kang Jian
Published: June 2016

This study presents the indoor soundscape framework in detail by describing the variables and factors that form an indoor soundscape study. The main objective is to introduce a new indoor soundscaping framework and systematically explain the variables that contribute to the overall evaluation of an indoor soundscape. Hence, the dependencies of physical and psychoacoustical factors of the sound environment and the spatial factors of the built entity are statistically tested. The new indoor soundscaping framework leads to an overarching evaluation perspective of enclosed sound environments, combining objective room acoustics research and noise control engineering with architectural analysis. Therefore, it is hypothesised that case spaces with certain plan organisations, volumetric relations, and spatial referencing lead to differentiated sound pressure level (SPL) and loudness (N) values. SPL and N parametric variances of the sound environments are discussed through the statistical findings with respect to the architectural characteristics of each library case space. The results show that the relation between crowd level variances and sound environment parametric values is statistically significant. It is also found that increasing the atrium height and atrium void volume, the atrium’s presence as a common architectural element, and its interpenetrating reference and domain containment results in unwanted variances and acoustic formations, leading to high SPL and N values.
Simultaneous Analysis of Vibrations and Noise in the Task of Minimizing Vibroacoustic Activity of Machines
Authors: Dąbrowski Zbigniew , Dziurdź Jacek
Published: June 2016

Simultaneous propagation of vibrations and noise has an important role in the task of minimizing vibroacoustic hazards on the station of operator of the construction machinery. In many cases vibrations transferred by the construction are processed to noise in different points of the machine. As a result, they may increase the level of noise at the workplace. The paper presents the proposition of a simple estimation of noise and vibration propagation paths of the machine. On the basis of the analysis of hydraulic excavator an effectiveness of a proposed procedure was shown. This procedure helps to minimize the transfer of vibrations of power unit in selected frequency ranges which led to the change of overall noise level in operator’s cab about 5 dB.
On the Noise Hazard Assessment within the Intermediate Range of the High Audible and the Low Ultrasonic Frequencies
Authors: Śliwiński Antoni
Published: June 2016

In parallel to the ultrasonic noise assessment procedures and research activity in the field there have appeared several papers in the domain of so called high-frequency audiometry which covers the range of frequencies 8-20 kHz. They are important for recognizing the harmfulness and hazard of the audible high frequency sound components in the same range as the one of the low frequency ultrasonic noise. On the other hand there exists a certain inconsequent situation in the general approach to the problem of ultrasonic noise hazard assessment in work places environment which concerns the convention to include the frequency range of 10-20 kHz to the domain of ultrasonics. The range consists of one third octave bands of central frequencies: 10, 12.5, 16, 20 kHz and conventionally is called low frequency ultrasonic noise though at least the components of the two lowest bands are naturally audible by a majority of population (mainly young people).The paper presents a discussion related to some achievements of the two domains and some conclusions which could be useful for a more consequent description of the subject and could be taken into account in the future regulations for the ultrasonic noise assessment in work places environment.
Lernanforderungen von Arbeitsaufgaben und Kompetenzentwicklung
Authors: Bergmann Bärbel , Pietrzyk Ulrike
Published: June 2016

Veränderungen in der Arbeitswelt begründen, dass Lernen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil von Berufsarbeit ist. Die in der Berufsarbeit erforderliche Qualität des Lernens wird in jüngerer Zeit mit Kompetenzentwicklung bezeichnet. Unter Kompetenz wird die Befähigung zu selbst organisiertem Lernen verstanden. Kompetenzentwicklung findet zum großen Teil im Prozess der Arbeit durch die Auseinandersetzung mit Aufgaben statt. Eine Stichprobe Erwerbstätiger mit einer Qualifikation auf technischem Gebiet wird in Personen mit stabilen, qualifikationsgerechten Berufsbiografien und in Berufsbiografien mit Brüchen klassifiziert. Deutliche Effektunterschiede im Selbstkonzept beruflicher Kompetenz können mit dem Umfang an Lernanforderungen in den Arbeitsaufgaben in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Mit linearen und hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen wird geprüft, in welchem Umfang eine Varianzaufklärung im Selbstkonzept beruflicher Kompetenz durch die Lernanforderungen in der Arbeit gelingt.
System- und Subjektperspektive in der Organisationsberatung
Authors: Pongratz Hans J.
Published: June 2016

Während die soziologische Diskussion von Organisationsberatung bisher vor allem auf systemtheoretische Ansätze Bezug nimmt, wird hier versucht, eine ergänzende subjektorientierte Perspektive unter Berücksichtigung herrschaftskritischer Positionen zu entwickeln. Denn typischerweise überlagern sich betriebliche Hierarchie und Beratungsauftrag in der Form, dass die Auftraggeber zugleich Vorgesetzte der zu beratenden (oder von Beratung betroffenen) Mitarbeiter sind. Um die Kooperation dieser Mitarbeiter im Beratungsprozess zu erreichen, werden in den vorherrschenden Beratungsansätzen verschiedene Strategien vorgeschlagen: Autorität, Motivation, Partizipation, Neutralität. Angesichts der unvermeidbaren Verstrickung der Berater in Machtdynamiken wird hier hingegen für eine Verhandlungsstrategie plädiert, mit welcher - zusätzlich zum ‚Rahmenauftrag‘ der Auftraggeber - mit den betroffenen Mitarbeitern konkretisierende ‚Kernaufträge‘ ausgehandelt werden.
Digitale Signaturen und Vertrauen
Authors: Kumbruck Christel
Published: June 2016

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit einem besonderen Aspekt elektronisch vernetzter Organisationen, nämlich der Materielosigkeit der Kooperation und der damit verbundenen zentralen Frage: Wie können wechselseitige Verbindlichkeiten in Organisationen abgesichert werden, wenn die zur Kommunikation und Kooperation benutzten elektronischen Medien die getauschten Informationen nur immateriell und dadurch flüchtig festhalten? Zum Zwecke rechtsverbindlicher Kooperation nutzen Menschen bisher eigenhändige Unterschriften. Es handelt sich dabei um einen psychosozialen Mechanismus, der Kooperationspartner moralisch verpflichtet und auf personalem Vertrauen basiert. In der elektronisch mediierten Welt bedarf es technischer und organisatorischer Hilfsmittel, insbesondere der digitalen Signatur, die sich in vieler Hinsicht von der eigenhändigen Unterschrift unterscheidet. Die Autorin diskutiert die mit der digitalen Signatur einhergehenden Veränderungen in der Ausbildung von Vertrauen, nämlich der Ersetzung von personalem durch Systemvertrauen. Anhand empirischer Beispiele aus Simulationsstudien werden diesbezügliche Irritationen der Nutzer aufgezeigt und daraus abgeleitete technische und organisatorische Bedingungen, die es ermöglichen, das technische Mittel zum Aufbau von Systemvertrauen an den sozialen und personalen Vertrauensentwicklungsprozess rückzubinden.
Rückkehrgespräche: Ein wirksames Instrument des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements (?)
Authors: Piorr Rüdiger , Heller Elke , Taubert Rolf
Published: June 2016

Rückkehrgespräche finden im Rahmen betrieblicher Gesundheitsmaßnahmen eine große Verbreitung. Ihre Wirksamkeit wird vielerorts geschätzt. Gleichwohl liegt ihr Wirkmechanismus nach wie vor im Verborgenen. Der Artikel referiert Implikationen und Vorstellungen unterschiedlicher Gesprächsmodelle und skizziert das Konzept eines nichtrepressiven Gesprächs, das bei den Wirtschaftsbetrieben Oberhausen zur Anwendung gekommen ist und auf die Etablierung sozialer Verbindlichkeiten abzielte. Die begleitende Evaluation der Rahmenbedingungen des Gesprächs wird in ihren wichtigsten Ergebnissen skizziert: Nichtrepressive Rückkehrgespräche können dazu beitragen, die Beziehung von Mitarbeitern und Führungskräften zu stärken, während ihr Beitrag im Gesundheitsmanagement zu diskutieren bleibt.
Teleservice im Werkzeugmaschinenbau
Authors: Pfeiffer Sabine
Published: June 2016

Im Mittelpunkt von Forschungsprojekten und Praxisberichten zum Thema Teleservice stehen meist technische, vertragsrechtliche oder ökonomische Aspekte. Der ‘Faktor’ Mensch sowie Fragen der Arbeitsorganisation und Qualifikation spielen dabei meist eine untergeordnete Rolle. So findet der bei Servicetätigkeit traditionell hohe Anteil von Erfahrungswissen und -handeln bei der Umsetzung auf Teleservice keine Berücksichtigung. Der nachfolgende Beitrag fasst dazu erste Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen bei deutschen Werkzeugmaschinenherstellern vor dem Hintergrund von Innovationsparadoxien zusammen, identifiziert Mankos und Hemmnisse und versucht daraus Schlussfolgerungen und Forschungsperspektiven abzuleiten.
Frauen in Führungspositionen - Ist die “gläserne Decke” diskriminierend?
Authors: Littmann-Wernli Sabina , Schubert Renate
Published: June 2016

Häufig endet die berufliche Karriere von Frauen an einer sogenannten “gläsernen Decke”. Bei Männern scheint dies eher nicht der Fall zu sein. Dies ist erstaunlich, da sich heutzutage die Qualität der Berufsausbildung von Frauen und Männern stark ähnelt. Es stellt sich daher die Frage nach Gründen für Existenz und Persistenz der “gläsernen Decke” - und zwar gerade auch für Frauen in Führungspositionen.

Ein wesentlicher Grund scheint darin zu liegen, dass Arbeitnehmer aufgrund von Erwartungen über ihre künftige Arbeitsproduktivität eingestellt und in unterschiedliche Positionen gebracht werden. Erwartungen über die Produktivität von Managerinnen sind maßgeblich von Stereotypen über den Durchschnitt der Frauen geprägt und können in den meisten Fällen empirisch nicht untermauert werden. Ein wichtiges derartiges Stereotyp ist etwa die Auffassung, Frauen würden häufiger als Männer und vor allem familienbedingt ihre Arbeitsstelle verlassen. Ein weiteres Stereotyp ist das einer höheren Risikoaversion von Frauen. Beide Stereotype sind insbesondere für Managerinnen nicht haltbar. Eine “gläserne Decke” ist daher als diskriminierend anzusehen.
Stabilität und De-Stabilität am betrieblichen Arbeitsmarkt
Authors: Struck Olaf , Simonson Julia
Published: June 2016

Erwerbsarbeit wird in der Literatur durch eine gesteigerte Formenvielfalt gekennzeichnet. Anknüpfend an diese Diskussion soll gezeigt werden, welche Beschäftigungsmuster west- und ostdeutsche Unternehmen heute bevorzugen.

Hierfür wird anhand qualitativer Betriebsfallanalysen die Rolle der Unternehmen, d.h. konkret die Bedeutung ihrer Übergangspolitik hinsichtlich des Einflusses auf unterschiedliche Ein-, Auf- und Ausstiegswege im Kontext arbeitsmarkttheoretischer Annahmen untersucht.

Dabei wird im Ergebnis deutlich: Zum Erhalt der Qualifikation und Motivation der Beschäftigten richten personal verantwortliche Entscheidungsträger ihre Handlungen an der Fortexistenz dauerhafter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse aus. Hierbei zeigt sich, das Beschäftigungsstrukturen als Ergebnisse früherer Handlungen Entscheidungsspielräume erheblich beeinträchtigen können.
„Volunteering” und „Bürgerarbeit” in Gemeinwohl- Konzepten
Authors: Reichert Ramón
Published: June 2016

Im Dritten Sektor werden allgemein bisher nicht erschlossene Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten vermutet. Schlagworte wie „Neues Ehrenamt”, „Bürgerarbeit" oder „Volunteering” kennzeichnen die Suche nach „brachliegendem” Humankapital. Als Musterbeispiel des organisierten „Volunteering” gelten die USA. Aber auch innerhalb der Europäischen Union wurde im letzten Jahrzehnt die Bewirtschaftung des “Engagementpotentials” als arbeitsmarktpolitisches Regulativ forciert.

Am Beispiel der aktuellen Diskussionen über den Beitrag zivilgesellschaftlicher Arbeit zur Erhaltung der demokratischen Ordnung wird untersucht, wie die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit von Individuen und Gruppen mit ökonomischer Profitmaximierung und gesellschaftspolitischen Zielen verknüpft werden. Der Beitrag geht davon aus, dass in den Debatten um den Stellenwert sozialer Anerkennung von unbezahlter Arbeit gleichermaßen ein neues Subjekt der Arbeit konstruiert wurde, darin wirtschaftlicher Wohlstand und persönliches Wohlsein miteinander gekoppelt sein sollen. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Untersuchung der Genese und der argumentativen Rechtfertigung der Beziehungen zwischen dem Abbau sozialstaatlicher Leistungen und dem zunehmenden Appell an „Eigenverantwortung” und „Selbstsorge”.
Regulierung europäischer Arbeitsbeziehungen
Authors: Keller Berndt
Published: June 2016

Der Beitrag schließt eine wesentliche Lücke in der vorliegenden Literatur zur Europäischen Aktiengesellschaft (SE), indem die bislang dominierenden, rein juristischen Beschreibungen durch eine industrial relations-Perspektive ergänzt.

Nach der Einleitung zu nationalen Unterschieden der Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung wird zunächst zum besseren Verständnis der SE, vor allem der wesentlichen Probleme ihrer Regulierungsmaximen, die aktuellere Entwicklung im Sinne „stilisierter Fakten“ analysiert. Anschließend werden die Richtlinien zu Europäischen Betriebsräten sowie zur SE verglichen, wobei trotz vorhandener Gemeinsamkeiten die offensichtlichen Hauptunterschiede im Mittelpunkt stehen. Weiterhin wird belegt, dass die SE das prototypische Beispiel für einen neuen, gegenwärtig dominierenden Modus „europäischer“ Regulierung darstellt. Der Beitrag schlussfolgert, dass die Zukunftsaussichten europäischer Arbeitsbeziehungen nach wie vor pessimistisch zu beurteilen sind.