bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of lysine and arginine on the properties of low‐salt mince gel from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Buamard Natchaphol , Javith Mohammad Akram , Balange Amjad Khansaheb , Krishna Gopal , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: August 2020

Effects of basic amino acids, lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg), at different levels (0%, 0.5%, and 1%, based on mince weight) on properties of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) mince gel containing low salt (LS) and high salt (HS) were investigated. Without Lys or Arg addition, HS gel had the higher textural properties including hardness, chewiness, as well as cohesiveness than LS gel (P < 0.05) and the highest values were achieved when 1% Arg was incorporated in both LS and HS gels (P < 0.05). Arg had no effect on acceptability of mince gel. However, whiteness was decreased in HS gel when Arg was applied. Autolysis of gel was lower in HS gel containing Arg. No differences in protein patterns among all gel samples were found. Addition of Arg could increase the gelling ability of both LS and HS mince during heating as evidenced by higher storage modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″). Mince gel added with Arg had orderly interconnected structure and their microstructure was finer than that without Arg. Therefore, Arg could be used in LS gel from striped catfish mince, in which quality of gel was equivalent to HS counterpart.

Practical Application

Basic amino acid, especially arginine (Arg) with guanidinium group, could increase repulsive force between protein molecules at low‐salt concentration (0.5%). This resulted in high solubilization of muscle proteins, whereas gel formation or gel strength was higher than that containing high salt (2.5% to 3.5%). Thus, Arg could be used for production of fish mince gel containing low salt with lowered health risk.
Acromioclavicular joint injuries: Imaging and management
Authors: Mantripragada Sravanthi , Bhagwani Sanjeev , Peh Wilfred CG , Lim Yeow Wai
Published: August 2020

Acromioclavicular joint injuries are commonly encountered in the setting of shoulder trauma. Knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the joint, grading of joint injuries, and understanding the capabilities and limitations of different radiological modalities will help in selecting the best management option and outcomes for affected patients.
Os intermetatarseum: An analysis of morphology and case reports of fracture
Authors: van Aswegen Timo , Low Ronny , Pass Bill
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The os intermetatarseum is an uncommon accessory ossicle of the foot located dorsally, between the bases of the first and second metatarsals that are usually asymptomatic. In the setting of trauma, this ossicle can clinically mimic a Lisfranc fracture–dislocation, a potentially disabling condition often requiring surgical intervention.

Methods

In this study, 47 cases of os intermetatarseum were reviewed across several Western Australian (WA) Hospitals and characterised based on morphology. Any fractures were recorded, and their cases were reviewed.

Results

The most common type of os intermetatarseum was freestanding at 63%, followed by the articulating type at 30%. Only 7% were of the fused type. Two acute fractures were identified on plain radiography and computed tomography (CT).

Conclusion

The distribution of os intermetatarseum subtypes in the WA population is consistent with previous radiological studies. The two cases of isolated acute os intermetatarseum fracture are described, the first to our knowledge, highlighting the need for increased awareness of this ossicle in the setting of foot trauma.
Tomographic Imaging of the India‐Asia Plate Collisional Tectonics and Mantle Upwelling Beneath Western Tibet
Authors: ZHENG Hongwei , LI Tingdong , HE Rizheng , YANG Hui , NIU Xiao , ZOU Changqiao
Published: August 2020

To better understand the lithosphere mantle collision tectonics between the India plate and Asia plate, we determine three dimensional P wave velocity structure beneath western Tibet using 27,439 arrival times from 2,174 teleseismic events recorded by 182 stations of Hi‐CLIMB Project and 16 stations in the north of Hi‐CLMB. Our tomographic images show the velocity structure significantly difference beneath northern and southern Qiangtang, which can further prove that the Longmu Co‐Shuanghu ophiolitic belt is a significant tectonic boundary fault zone. There are two prominent high velocity anomalies and two prominent low velocity anomalies in our images. One obvious high velocity anomalies subduct beneath the Tibet at the long distance near 34°N, whereas it is broke off by an obvious low velocity anomaly under the IYS. We interpret them as northward subducting Indian lithosphere mantle and the low velocity anomanly under IYS likely reflects mantle material upwelling triggered by tearing of the northward subduction Indian lithosphere. The other prominent high velocity anomaly was imaged at a depth from 50 km to 200 km horizontal and up to the northern Qiangtang with its southern edge extending to about 34°N through Hoh Xil block. We infer it as the southward subducting Asia lithosphere mantle. The other widely low velocity anomaly beneath the Qiangtang block lies in the gap between the frontier of India plate and Asia plate, where is the channel of mantle material upwelling.
Lung volume changes in Apnoeic Oxygenation using Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) compared to mechanical ventilation in adults undergoing laryngeal surgery
Authors: Forsberg Ida‐Maria , Ullman Johan , Hoffman Anton , Eriksson Lars I. , Lodenius Åse , Fagerlund Malin J.
Published: August 2020

Background

Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) using high‐flow 100% oxygen during apnoea has gained increased use during difficult airway management and laryngeal surgery due to a slower carbon dioxide rise compared to traditional apnoeic oxygenation. We have previously demonstrated high arterial oxygen partial pressures and an increasing arterial‐alveolar carbon dioxide difference during THRIVE. Primary aim of this study was to characterise lung volume changes measured with electrical impedance tomography during THRIVE compared to mechanical ventilation.

Methods

Thirty adult patients undergoing laryngeal surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised to THRIVE or mechanical ventilation. Subjects were monitored with electrical impedance tomography and repeated blood gas measurement perioperatively. The THRIVE group received 100% oxygen at 70 l min−1 during apnoea. The mechanical ventilation group was intubated and normoventilated with an FiO2 of 0.4.

Results

Mean age were 48.2 (19.9) and 51.3 (12.3) years, and BMI 26.0 (4.5) and 26.0 (3.9) in the THRIVE and mechanical ventilation group respectively. Mean apnoea time in the THRIVE group was 17.9 (4.8) min. Mean apnoea to end‐of‐surgery time was 28.1 (12.8) min in the mechanical ventilation group. No difference in delta End Expiratory Lung Impedance was seen between groups over time. In the THRIVE group all but three subjects were well oxygenated during apnoea. THRIVE was discontinued for the three patients who desaturated.

Conclusions

No difference in lung volume change over time, measured by electrical impedance tomography, was detected when using THRIVE compared to mechanical ventilation during laryngeal surgery.
Identification and characterization of miRNAs during early pregnancy in domestic sheep
Authors: Pokharel Kisun , Peippo Jaana , Li Meng‐Hua , Kantanen Juha
Published: August 2020

MicroRNA resources in sheep are limited compared with those in other domesticated mammalian species. By sequencing small RNAs of sheep corpus luteum and endometrium, we have generated the largest amount of miRNA‐seq data and compiled the most comprehensive list thus far of miRNAs (n = 599) in sheep. Additionally, we observed a highly conserved maternally imprinted cluster of miRNAs on chromosome 18 homologous to that found on chromosome 14 in human and several other eutherian mammals.
Predicting persistence of atopic dermatitis in children using clinical attributes and serum proteins
Authors: Lauffer Felix , Baghin Veronika , Standl Marie , Stark Sebastian P. , Jargosch Manja , Wehrle Julius , Thomas Jenny , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Biedermann Tilo , Eyerich Stefanie , Eyerich Kilian , Garzorz‐Stark Natalie
Published: August 2020

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children, with 30% of all those diagnosed developing chronic or relapsing disease by adolescence. Such disease persistence cannot yet be predicted. The aim of the present study was to predict the natural course of AD using clinical parameters and serum proteins.

Methods

Sera of 144 children with AD (age 0‐3 years) were analyzed for IgE and 33 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Patient disease course until the age of 7 years was assessed retrospectively. Unsupervised k‐means clustering was performed to define disease endotypes. Identified factors associated with AD persistence at the age of 7 years were validated in children with AD in an independent cohort (LISA Munich; n = 168). Logistic regression and XGBoosting methods followed by cross‐validation were applied to predict individual disease outcomes.

Results

Three distinct endotypes were found in infancy, characterized by a unique inflammatory signature. Factors associated with disease persistence were disease score (SCORAD), involvement of the limbs, flexural lesion distribution at the age of 3 years, allergic comorbidities, and disease exacerbation by the trigger factors stress, pollen exposure, and change in weather. Persistence was predicted with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 82.4%. Factors with a high impact on the prediction of persistence were SCORAD at the age of 3 years, trigger factors, and low VEGF serum levels.

Conclusion

Atopic dermatitis in infancy comprises three immunological endotypes. Disease persistence can be predicted using serum cytokines and clinical variables.
Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in alpacas
Authors: O'Connor TW , Finlaison DS , Manning LK , Hazelton MS , Spiers ZB , Pinczowski P , Bolin EM , Kemsley PD , Horadagoda NU , Dart AJ , Cook RW , Kirkland PD
Published: August 2020

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection was detected by real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) in four adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from two properties on the Far North Coast of New South Wales (NSW) in April and May 2018 and in two adult alpacas from a third property on the Central Coast of NSW in October 2018. Viral RNA was detected in a range of samples, including blood, fresh body organs and mucosal swabs. EMCV was isolated from the blood and body organs of five of these alpacas.

These animals displayed a range of clinical signs, including inappetence, colic, recumbency and death. Necropsy findings included multifocal to coalescing areas of myocardial pallor, pulmonary congestion and oedema, hepatic congestion and serosal effusion. Histopathological changes comprised acute, multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis, with mild, neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammation (5/5 hearts) and mild, perivascular neutrophilic meningoencephalitis (1/3 brains).

This is the first report of disease due to EMCV in alpacas under farm conditions, and it identifies EMCV infection as a differential diagnosis for acute disease and death in this camelid species. In addition to the samples traditionally preferred for EMCV isolation (fresh heart, brain and spleen), blood samples are also appropriate for EMCV detection by qRT‐PCR assay.
Tryptophan–kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer
Authors: Lee Sze Han , Mahendran Ratha , Tham Sin Mun , Thamboo Thomas Paulraj , Chionh Billy Jianhao , Lim Yi Xin , Tsang Woon Chau , Wu Qing Hui , Chia Jun Yang , Tay Melissa Hui Wen , Goh Benjamin Yen Seow , Chen Kelven Weijing , Mallari Jeane Zepeda , Periaswami Revathi , Raman Lata , Choo Shoa Nian , Kioh Dorinda Yan Qin , Chiong Edmund , Esuvaranathan Kesavan , Chan Eric Chun Yong
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To investigate plasma and urinary kynurenine (KYN)–tryptophan (TRP) ratios in bladder cancer, expression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in relation to tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO2) in bladder tumour, and the correlation of KYN–TRP ratio with bladder tumour burden.

Methods

Metabotyping of the TRP–KYN metabolic axis was performed via a clinical case–control study. Expression of IDO1 and TDO2 was measured in human biopsied tissues. Correlational experiments between KYN–TRP ratio and bladder tumour were performed using a murine orthotopic prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐secreting MB49 bladder cancer model.

Results

We established for the first time that plasma TRP level was significantly decreased, while both plasma and urinary KYN–TRP ratios were significantly higher in bladder cancer patients, and expression level of IDO1 but not TDO2 was increased in human bladder tumour. We reported the positive correlation between IDO1 expression, KYN–TRP ratio, normalized PSA to creatinine, and bladder tumour burden in the murine model.

Conclusion

Kynurenine–tryptophan ratio is a promising surveillance biomarker for bladder cancer, but would require further validation before clinical translation.
Multilevel governance through a strategic lens: Innovation policy delivery in Ontario
Authors: Conteh Charles
Published: August 2020

The multilevel governance literature has matured into a widely used analytical framework for investigating policy processes that span multiple tiers of jurisdiction. However, there are still gaps in this literature. The main objective of this article is to address some of these gaps by proposing a strategic construct of multilevel governance that focuses on informal but longer‐time horizons of interjurisdictional cooperation. This strategic approach expands the frame of analysis from prevalent emphasis in the extant literature on limited instances of interjurisdictional coordination to a greater emphasis on sustainable strategic multiscalar partnerships facilitated by municipal‐level authorities and non‐state actors. The article uses this strategic construct of multilevel governance to analyze the key institutional features of Canada’s innovation policy delivery in southern Ontario. This study illustrates how a strategic construct provides a richer understanding of the highly adaptive and fluid processes of multilevel governance in federal systems.
Maternal thyroid disease and adiposity in mother and child
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Andersen Stig , Liew Zeyan , Vestergaard Peter , Lundbye‐Christensen Søren , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Olsen Jørn
Published: August 2020

Objective

Thyroid hormones are crucial developmental factors, and thyroid disease in pregnant women is a concern. Overweight and obesity are also important health concerns, and we hypothesized that in utero exposure to maternal thyroid disease could programme the foetus to development of adiposity.

Design

Cohort and case‐cohort studies.

Participants

Pregnant women from the Danish National Birth Cohort and their 7‐year‐old children.

Measurements

Maternal thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) was assessed from registrations of diagnoses and treatment (n = 71 706) or from the measurement of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) in a stored blood sample from the early pregnancy (n = 7624). Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and child BMI at 7 years of age were used to define overweight and obesity, and associations were evaluated using regression models adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

No association was found between maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy and child overweight (hyperthyroidism: adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58‐1.82); hypothyroidism: 1.31 (0.86‐1.97)) or obesity (hyperthyroidism: 0.96 (0.53‐1.75); hypothyroidism: 1.25 (0.76‐2.05)). On the other hand, pregnant women with hypothyroidism in early pregnancy had a higher risk of being overweight (aRR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03; 1.41)) and obese (1.45 (1.07; 1.96)), whereas women with hyperthyroidism had a lower risk of being overweight (0.79 (0.64; 0.98)).

Conclusions

Results provide no evidence that maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy programmes adiposity in the child, but corroborate an association between maternal thyroid disease and adiposity in the mother.
Mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement benefit from intervention
Authors: Adolfsson Päivi , Janeslätt Gunnel , Lindstedt Helena , Jöreskog Karin
Published: August 2020

Mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement need to be listened to and to receive help in understanding and dealing with their situation. A support programme for this group was developed in Australia and then adapted for use in a Swedish context and named ‘Mamma Trots Allt’ (MTA). The aim was to examine the experiences of these mothers regarding their mothering role after participation in MTA. An explorative and qualitative design was used. Inclusion criteria were mothers with cognitive limitations, a child in placement and participation in MTA. Nine mothers, eight of them from a previous study, gave their informed consent to participate. A study‐specific interview guide was adapted to people with cognitive limitations. The interviews took place after the final MTA session. The qualitative analyses resulted in a description of the mothers' experiences and how they changed after MTA, resulting in an overall theme, two subthemes, four categories and 11 subcategories. MTA facilitated the mothers' maturation and broadened their earlier, stereotypic life expectations. Offering a support programme benefits not only the mother but most likely the child as well.
Designing effective incentives for living shorelines as a habitat conservation strategy along residential coasts
Authors: Scyphers Steven B. , Beck Michael W. , Furman Kelsi L. , Haner Judy , Keeler Andrew G. , Landry Craig E. , O'Donnell Kiera L. , Webb Bret M. , Grabowski Jonathan H.
Published: August 2020

Shoreline armoring is a pervasive driver of habitat loss and ecosystem decline along coastlines. Nature‐based strategies for coastal protection, such as “living shorelines,” offer potential alternatives to armoring and are rapidly gaining traction among conservation scientists and practitioners. However, along residential coasts where armoring has often occurred at high rates, transitioning away from armoring has been generally slow. We studied the attitudes, beliefs, and decisions of waterfront homeowners with a goal of identifying effective incentives for living shorelines as a conservation tool for reversing coastal habitat loss. We show that while only 18% of homeowners with armored shorelines would willingly transition to living shorelines during a key window of opportunity, a modest economic incentive could increase the likelihood among 43% of all respondents and up to 61% of recent homeowners. Our study demonstrates potential pathways for navigating social, economic, and environmental influences on landowner decisions for coastal habitat conservation.
CEO education and the ability to raise capital
Authors: Gounopoulos Dimitrios , Loukopoulos Georgios , Loukopoulos Panagiotis
Published: August 2020

Research Question/Issue

Using a unique hand‐collected dataset, this study examines the role of chief executive officer (CEO) educational attainments in relation to newly public firms.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Using human capital, institutional and upper echelon theories, we hypothesize and demonstrate that CEO educational attainments do not unambiguously affect investors' perceptions of a firm's future prospects. Instead, their influence depends on the quality of CEO education as well as on the degree of uncertainty regarding the firm's future performance and the level of information asymmetry between issuers and prospective investors. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive treatment of the role of CEO education in the IPO context.

Research Findings/Insights

We find that initial public offering (IPO) firms led by CEOs with superior educational credentials—in terms of level and quality—are associated with lower levels of IPO underpricing. This association is mainly driven by CEOs that hold advanced degrees. Notably, a difference‐in‐differences approach based on two quasi‐natural experiments indicates that the impact of CEO education on IPO underpricing is more pronounced within environments characterized by lower information transparency. The baseline results also hold in the longer term, thereby confirming the value of signaling prestigious academic awards at the time of the IPO.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Our evidence on the importance of CEO education, and especially that CEOs with varying levels and quality of educational training might differentially affect newly listed firms, is useful to providers of financial capital and boards of directors interested in assessing the viability of new ventures. The implication of our study for IPO investors is that it is worth paying more to take an equity position in firms run by better educated CEOs.
THEIA™ development, and testing of artificial intelligence‐based primary triage of diabetic retinopathy screening images in New Zealand
Authors: Vaghefi E. , Yang S. , Xie L. , Hill S. , Schmiedel O. , Murphy R. , Squirrell D.
Published: August 2020

Aim

To develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence triage system with high sensitivity for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy, while maintaining high specificity for non‐referable disease, for clinical implementation within the New Zealand national diabetic retinopathy screening programme.

Methods

The THEIA™ artificial intelligence system for retinopathy and maculopathy screening, was developed at Toku Eyes using routinely collected retinal screening datasets from two of the largest district health boards in Auckland, New Zealand: the Auckland District Health Board and the Counties Manukau District Health Board. All retinal images from consecutive individuals receiving retinal screening between January 2009 and December 2018 were used. Images were labelled as non‐sight‐threatening, potentially referable or sight‐threatening for New Zealand implementation, or as referable (potentially referable + sight‐threatening)/non‐referable (non‐sight‐threatening) for global comparison.

Results

Data from 32 354 unique people with diabetes (63 843 when including multiple visits) were available, of which 95–97%, 0.9–2.4% and 1.1–3.1% were categorized as non‐sight‐threatening, potentially referable and sight‐threatening, respectively. Using the referable/non‐referable categories, THEIA achieved overall sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 92–95) in the Auckland District Health Board and 95% (95% CI 92–97) in the Counties Manukau District Health Board datasets, while preserving specificity of 63% (95% CI 62–64) for the Auckland District Health Board and 61% (95% CI 60–62) for the Counties Manukau District Health Board. Implementing THEIA into a New Zealand national diabetic screening programme could significantly reduce the manual grading load.

Conclusion

THEIA, an artificial intelligence tool to assist in clinical decision‐making, tailored to the needs of the New Zealand national diabetic screening programme, delivered high sensitivity for detecting referable retinopathy within the multi‐ethnic New Zealand population with diabetes.
Traumatic dental injury and oral health–related quality of life among 15 to 19 year old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil
Authors: Comim Letícia Donato , Dalla Nora Ângela , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Racki Débora Nunes de Oliveira , Zenkner Julio Eduardo do Amaral , Alves Luana Severo
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims

The literature is scarce on the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents, and there is no study assessing this relationship using clinical criteria for the assessment of TDI in this age group. The aim of this study was to assess the association between TDI and OHRQoL among 15 to 19yearold adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil.

Materials and Methods

A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted including a representative sample of 1197 15 to 19yearold adolescents attending 31 public and private schools. The Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL, and clinical examinations were performed to diagnose TDI based on the O’Brien classification. Demographic information, socioeconomic status, and clinical characteristics (caries experience, malocclusion, and gingivitis) were also collected as adjusting variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between TDI and OHRQoL. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.

Results

The overall prevalence of TDI was 17%, mild trauma was 12%, and severe trauma was 5%. In the adjusted models, adolescents with TDI had poorer OHRQoL than those without TDI (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.05‐1.16). This negative effect was related to the psychological disability domain (RR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.02‐1.32), to the social disability domain (RR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.13‐1.59), and to the handicap domain (RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.10‐1.66).

Conclusions

Despite its low severity, TDI negatively affected the OHRQoL of 15 to 19yearold adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil.
Evaluation of conditioned medium from placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as a storage medium for avulsed teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Ji Ling‐Li , Song Ge , Jiang Li‐Ming , Liu Yao , Ding Zhen‐Jiang , Zhuang Xue‐Ying , Chen Xu
Published: August 2020

Background/Aim

The viability of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface is a major factor that influences the healing of replanted teeth. A suitable storage medium is necessary to preserve avulsed teeth before replantation. Conditioned medium from placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC‐CM) contains a variety of growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSC‐CM as a storage medium to maintain the cell viability of avulsed teeth.

Material and Methods

Extracted premolars from healthy humans were randomly stored in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and PMSC‐CM for 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, at room temperature, and then the ratio of apoptosis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was identified by flow cytometry. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were incubated with HBSS and PMSC‐CM, respectively, for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Then, the cell viability of PDLSCs was determined using the cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and a cell cycle assay was performed.

Results

The apoptosis rate of PDL cells in PMSC‐CM was significantly lower than that in HBSS at 24 hours (P < .001), while the two groups showed similar cell apoptosis rates at 6 and 12 hours (P > .05). The cell proliferation of PDLSCs treated with PMSC‐CM significantly increased compared with the HBSS group (P < .05). The cell cycle assay revealed that the PDLSCs treated with HBSS were arrested at the G1 phase, while there was no difference between the PMSC‐CM group and the control group (P > .05).

Conclusions

Compared with HBSS, PMSC‐CM showed better inhibition of apoptosis of PDL cells and promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs. Thus, PMSC‐CM could be a promising storage medium for avulsed teeth.
Service‐Learning in undergraduate dental education: Professional competence for clinical decision‐making
Authors: do Nascimento Camilla Ferreira , Warmling Cristine Maria
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The objective of the present study was to evaluate a Service‐Learning activity in a dental education programme and the clinical decision‐making in the development of professional competence of undergraduate dental students.

Methods

The study consisted of a single holistic case study that involved quantitative and qualitative analyses. A total of 246 last‐semester students from a School of Dentistry in southern Brazil, between the years of 2013 and 2016, answered an anonymous online questionnaire with open‐ and closed‐ended questions (5‐point Likert scale). Two thematic axes were analysed: structural and pedagogical evaluation of the internship experience and development of professional competences (theory of Ergology). The SPSS program (16.0) was used to obtain means and standard deviations for a descriptive analysis of the data. Content analysis was performed for the qualitative data.

Results

The scores ranged from neutral to positive concerning pedagogical dynamics (mean scores between 3.08 and 3.82). The preceptors were evaluated with the best mean score (3.82). All the components used to assess professional competences obtained positive scores with the exception of teamwork (2.95). Adaptations to the clinical protocols learned in class were made by 44% of the students.

Conclusions

The data showed that undergraduate dental students in the Service‐Learning programme acquire competencies for clinical decision‐making under unusual reality conditions. Adaptation of protocols was not related to less or greater knowledge of the protocols, which would be a negative condition, but to the students’ ability to formulate connections between scientific knowledge and the clinical practice.
Driving CARs with alternative navigation tools – the potential of engineered binding scaffolds
Authors: Zajc Charlotte U. , Salzer Benjamin , Taft Joseph M. , Reddy Sai T. , Lehner Manfred , Traxlmayr Michael W.
Published: August 2020

T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have shown impressive clinical efficacy against B‐cell malignancies. In contrast to these highly potent CD19‐targeting CAR T cells, many of those directed against other tumor entities and antigens currently suffer from several limitations. For example, it has been demonstrated that many scFvs used as antigen‐binding domains in CARs show some degree of oligomerization, which leads to tonic signaling, T cell exhaustion, and poor performance in vivo. Therefore, in many cases alternatives to scFvs would be beneficial. Fortunately, due to the development of powerful protein engineering technologies, also non‐immunoglobulin‐based scaffolds can be engineered to specifically recognize antigens, thus eliminating the historical dependence on antibody‐based binding domains. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such engineered binding scaffolds, in particular with respect to their application in CARs. We review recent studies, collectively showing that there is no functional or biochemical aspect that necessitates the use of scFvs in CARs. Instead, antigen recognition can also be mediated efficiently by engineered binding scaffolds, as well as natural ligands or receptors fused to the CAR backbone. Finally, we critically discuss the risk of immunogenicity and show that the extent of nonhuman amino acid stretches in engineered scaffolds—even in those based on nonhuman proteins—is more similar to humanized scFvs than might be anticipated. Together, we expect that engineered binding scaffolds and natural ligands and receptors will be increasingly used for the design of CAR T cells.
Efficacy of mobile health care in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Choi Eun‐Mi , Park Bo‐young , Noh Hie‐Jin
Published: August 2020

Objectives

We performed a systematic review of studies that assessed the efficacy of mobile health care in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, in an attempt to obtain contemporary evidence on the clinical impact of mobile health care on the patients’ oral health and orthodontic treatment outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status up until 23 April 2019 to identify eligible studies.

Results

We included 11 unique studies. In this review, 9 of the 11 selected studies showed positive effects of mobile healthcare intervention, which resulted in reduced scores of oral hygiene and periodontal indices and white‐spot lesions, as well as decreased duration of treatment, sagittal distance and intensity of self‐reported pain.

Conclusions

Mobile health care can be utilized as an adjuvant intervention to improve treatment outcomes in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Oral healthcare experts should consider novel interventions using mobile devices in addition to the conventional mode of intervention.
Health counselling in dental care for expectant parents: A qualitative study
Authors: Lindvall Kristina , Koistinen Susanne , Ivarsson Anneli , van Dijken Jan , Eurenius Eva
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Interventions during pregnancy and early childhood have been shown to impact dental health. Thus, Antenatal Care and Dental Care collaborated in an intervention called Health Counselling in Dental Care (HCDC). HCDC was offered free of charge to first‐time expectant parents and was aimed at reducing the frequency of dental caries in children and their parents. However, the intervention reached less than 50% of the parents. The aim of this study was to explore facilitators of, barriers to, and suggestions for increased participation in HCDC.

Methods

Data were collected through semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with expectant parents. Participants were purposively sampled based on having been invited to HCDC and to achieve a variation in socio‐demographics. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis.

Results

In total, 16 interviews were conducted (10 women, 6 men). Six categories representing three facilitators and three barriers for participation emerged. The facilitators were the midwife’s crucial role for disseminating information about HCDC and motivating participation, that the parents perceived HCDC as valuable for themselves and their offspring, and a desire for new or more knowledge. The barriers included a shortage of information regarding the counselling, a perceived lack of value for the parents and offspring, and the timing of the counselling during pregnancy.

Conclusions

The midwives were crucial in providing information and motivation for HCDC participation. To increase attendance, sufficient information regarding the benefits of counselling is required, and the timing needs to be flexible and family‐centred.
Interventions stimulating prosocial helping behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Laguna Mariola , Mazur Zofia , Kędra Michał , Ostrowski Karol
Published: August 2020

This systematic review of the literature aims to identify, analyze, and synthesize studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions stimulating prosocial behavior. It concentrates on helping behavior and covers experimental and quasi‐experimental research concerning interventions carried out in different settings. This review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Of the initial sample of 4,653 publications found in databases, 49 articles met our inclusion criteria and were classified as eligible for data extraction and narrative synthesis. The studies included in the review assessed 63 interventions, most of them targeted at children and adolescents. We distinguished three strategies stimulating prosocial behavior: behavioral, cognitive, and emotional. This review is informative for both researchers and practitioners. It provides researchers with methodological guidelines concerning how to conduct studies on the effectiveness of prosocial interventions, and it provides practitioners with guidelines on empirically tested strategies for stimulating prosocial helping behavior.
Simulation of hot air infrared‐assisted green peas drying using finite element method
Authors: Zare Dariush , Akbarzadeh Saeed , Nematollahi Mohammad Amin , Loghavi Mohammad
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to simulate the drying kinetics of green peas in a hot‐air infrared‐assisted dryer using an appropriate finite element method (FEM). To achieve the aim of the study, the axisymmetric FEM with the Galerkin approach was employed to model and predict the drying behavior. One of the key physical properties required for the modeling was to determine the effective moisture diffusivity obtained from previous study on green peas drying in a lab‐scale hot‐air infrared‐assisted dryer. To compare the simulated moisture transfer results with those of experiments several experiments consisting of combination of main factors namely drying air temperatures (30°C, 40°C, and 50°C), infrared power intensity (0 as a control, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 W cm−2), and drying air flow velocity (0.5, 1, and 1.5 ms−1) were conducted in three replications. The predicted average moisture contents by the proposed mathematical model showed reasonably a good agreement with the experimental data (maximum error value: RMSE = 2.18 and MARE = 5.08%). The simulation was also compared by two‐dimensional FEM. The results demonstrated that the accuracy of the axisymmetric FEM was higher than two‐dimensional FEM. Based on the results, the developed FEM model has reasonable accuracy and can be applied to provide more information on the dynamics of moisture movement without running any experiments. Furthermore, the useful information about optimum design of industrial dryers and drying behavior can be achieved by simulation of the drying process.

Practical Applications

Food security is an important issue for every developing country. Fruits are a major source of nutrients that widely used as fresh or processed. Drying process is widely used to improve the security, quality, shelf time, and also the packaging and transportation of the foodstuff. Design of dryer requires a high degree of attention. The useful information about optimum design of dryer and drying behavior can be achieved by simulation of the drying process. In this study, the finite element method is used to model and simulate the drying process of green peas (Pisum sativum L.). Green peas are one of the ancient cultivated and nutritious popular vegetables with a most useful amount of fiber that enjoy the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory benefits.
Impact of seasonal changes in vegetation on the river model prediction accuracy and real‐time flood control performance
Authors: Vermuyten Evert , Meert Pieter , Wolfs Vicent , Willems Patrick
Published: August 2020

The vegetation along a river reach varies throughout a year. Seasonal vegetation affects the hydrodynamic behaviour of the river system. Accordingly, flood studies should take this temporal variation into account. This also applies to real‐time flood forecasting and control. This paper studies the impact of seasonal vegetation when considering real‐time flood control performance, based on a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. The scheme makes use of a conceptual river model to limit the computational times, as well as a reduced genetic algorithm (RGA) for the optimization of the flood control gates. The impact of seasonal vegetation on the conceptual model accuracy was analysed and a flexible data assimilation approach developed, to adjust the model predictions to different vegetation scenarios. This method can successfully improve the efficiency of a control strategy, by strongly predicting and reducing the impact of seasonal vegetation changes on river conditions.
The evolution of the pectoral extrinsic appendicular and infrahyoid musculature in theropods and its functional and behavioral importance
Authors: Klingler Jeremy J.
Published: August 2020

Birds have lost and modified the musculature joining the pectoral girdle to the skull and hyoid, called the pectoral extrinsic appendicular and infrahyoid musculature. These muscles include the levator scapulae, sternomandibularis, sternohyoideus, episternocleidomastoideus, trapezius, and omohyoideus. As non‐avian theropod dinosaurs are the closest relatives to birds, it is worth investigating what conditions they may have exhibited to learn when and how these muscles were lost or modified. Using extant phylogenetic bracketing, osteological correlates and non‐osteological influences of these muscles are identified and discussed. Compsognathids and basal Maniraptoriformes were found to have been the likeliest transition points of a derived avian condition of losing or modifying these muscles. Increasing needs to control the feather tracts of the neck and shoulder, for insulation, display, or tightening/readjustment of the skin after dynamic neck movements may have been the selective force that drove some of these muscles to be modified into dermo‐osseous muscles. The loss and modification of shoulder protractors created a more immobile girdle that would later be advantageous for flight in birds. The loss of the infrahyoid muscles freed the hyolarynx, trachea, and esophagus which may have aided in vocal tract filtering.
Evidence that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway aggravates atherosclerotic disease in humans
Authors: Baumgartner R. , Berg M. , Matic L. , Polyzos K. P. , Forteza M. J. , Hjorth S. A. , Schwartz T. W. , Paulsson‐Berne G. , Hansson G. K. , Hedin U. , Ketelhuth D. F. J.
Published: August 2020

Background

The metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenine pathway has been shown to carry strong immunoregulatory properties. Several experimental studies indicate that this pathway is a major regulator of vascular inflammation and influences atherogenesis. Knowledge of the role of this pathway in human atherosclerosis remains incomplete.

Objectives

In this study, we performed a multiplatform analysis of tissue samples, in vitro and in vivo functional assays to elucidate the potential role of the kynurenine pathway in human atherosclerosis.

Methods and results

Comparison of transcriptomic data from carotid plaques and control arteries revealed an upregulation of enzymes within the quinolinic branch of the kynurenine pathway in the disease state, whilst the branch leading to the formation of kynurenic acid (KynA) was downregulated. Further analyses indicated that local inflammatory responses are closely tied to the deviation of the kynurenine pathway in the vascular wall. Analysis of cerebrovascular symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis data showed that the downregulation of KynA branch enzymes and reduced KynA production were associated with an increased probability of patients to undergo surgery due to an unstable disease. In vitro, we showed that KynA‐mediated signalling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a major regulator of human macrophage activation. Using a mouse model of peritoneal inflammation, we showed that KynA inhibits leukocyte recruitment.

Conclusions

We have found that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway is associated with an increased probability of developing symptomatic unstable atherosclerotic disease. Our study suggests that KynA‐mediated signalling through AhR is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of vascular inflammation.
Mental health nursing in the 1960s remembered
Authors: Nolan Peter
Published: August 2020

Accessible summary

What is known on this subject?

A growing literature is revealing the historical roles of nurses, their work and the various treatments with which they were involved.

Remarkably little, however, has been written by nurses themselves about the culture in which they worked and the beliefs and values they held.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

In providing a personal account of psychiatric nurse training in the 1960s, this paper seeks to show the ways in which hospital culture and clinical practices shaped nursing identities and the attitudes of nurses towards their work.

What are implications for practice?

This paper contributes to understanding the influence of cultural, managerial and attitudinal factors in shaping the work of mental health nurses and the quality of clinical outcomes they can achieve.

For more than a century, mental hospitals were bedevilled by political disinterest, under‐resourcing, patient neglect and over reliance on medication and ECT to ensure compliance. Labelling mental health problems as illnesses silenced patients while empowering doctors. In the 1960s, social revolution brought about major changes for mental health care including a reduction in hospital beds, the growth of community services, improved pharmacological and psychological interventions and the rise of patient activism. Tensions between biomedical and psychological models of mental illness arose which persists to the present day. Although historians have studied this period from different perspectives, relatively little has been written by nurses. This is a personal account of nursing in a large psychiatric hospital between 1962 and 1965.
Sibling Participation in Service Planning Meetings for Their Brothers and Sisters With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Burke Meghan M. , Arnold Katie
Published: August 2020

Siblings have the longest lasting familial relationship. When a disability is present, siblings fulfill unique roles for their brothers and sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Given their roles, siblings want to be included in service planning; however, it is unclear the extent to which siblings are involved in service planning. The purpose of this study was to examine sibling involvement in service planning meetings. In this study, 422 siblings of individuals with IDD in the United States responded to a national, web‐based survey. Only 36% of siblings had attended a service planning meeting for their brother/sister with IDD. Further, sibling involvement was positively correlated with sibling age, advocacy, future planning activities, and less functional abilities of individuals with IDD. Siblings reported needing certain supports to better participate in service planning; an improved service delivery system, information about navigating adult services, family–professional partnerships, access to support from others, and logistical supports. In this study, siblings reported wanting more support to advocate for their brothers and sisters with IDD. To support these siblings, professionals need to encourage sibling attendance at service planning meetings and provide advocacy supports.