bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing and synchronisation for high‐loss free‐space quantum communication with Hybrid de Bruijn Codes
Authors: Zhang Peide , Oi Daniel K. L. , Lowndes David , Rarity John G.
Published: August 2021

Satellite‐based, long‐distance free‐space quantum key distribution has the potential to realise global quantum secure communication networks. Detecting faint quantum optical pulses sent from space requires highly accurate and robust classical timing systems to pick out signals from the noise and allow for reconciliation of sent and received key bits. For such high‐loss applications, a fault‐tolerant synchronisation signal coding and decoding scheme based on de Bruijn sequences is proposed. A representative synchronisation timing system was tested in laboratory conditions and it demonstrated high fault tolerance for the error‐correction algorithm even under high loss. The performance limitations of this solution are also discussed, and the maximum error tolerance of the scheme and the estimated computational overhead are analysed, allowing for the possibility of implementation on a real‐time system‐on‐chip. This solution not only can be used for synchronisation of high‐loss channels such as channels between satellites and ground stations but can also be extended to applications with low loss, high bit error rate, but require reliable synchronisation such as quantum and non‐quantum communications over terrestrial free space or fibre optic channels.
Irradiation-driven escape of primordial planetary atmospheres
Authors: Caldiroli Andrea , Haardt Francesco , Gallo Elena , Spinelli Riccardo , Malsky Isaac , Rauscher Emily
Published: August 2021

Intense X-ray and ultraviolet stellar irradiation can heat and inflate the atmospheres of closely orbiting exoplanets, driving mass outflows that may be significant enough to evaporate a sizable fraction of the planet atmosphere over the system lifetime. The recent surge in the number of known exoplanets, together with the imminent deployment of new ground and space-based facilities for exoplanet discovery and characterization, requires a prompt and efficient assessment of the most promising targets for intensive spectroscopic follow-ups. For this purpose, we developed ATmospheric EScape (ATES), a new hydrodynamics code that is specifically designed to compute the temperature, density, velocity, and ionization fraction profiles of highly irradiated planetary atmospheres, along with the current, steady-state mass loss rate. ATES solves the one-dimensional Euler, mass, and energy conservation equations in radial coordinates through a finite-volume scheme. The hydrodynamics module is paired with a photoionization equilibrium solver that includes cooling via bremsstrahlung, recombination, and collisional excitation and ionization for the case of a primordial atmosphere entirely composed of atomic hydrogen and helium, whilst also accounting for advection of the different ion species. Compared against the results of 14 moderately to highly irradiated planets simulated with The PLUTO-CLOUDY Interface (TPCI), which couples two sophisticated and computationally expensive hydrodynamics and radiation codes of much broader astrophysical applicability, ATES yields remarkably good agreement at a significantly smaller fraction of the time. A convergence study shows that ATES recovers stable, steady-state hydrodynamic solutions for systems with log(−Φp)≲12.9 + 0.17 log FXUV, where Φp and FXUV are the planet gravitational potential and stellar flux (in cgs units). Incidentally, atmospheres of systems above this threshold are generally thought to be undergoing Jeans escape. The code, which also features a user-friendly graphic interface, is available publicly as an online repository.
Geometry and kinematics of the broad emission line region in the lensed quasar Q2237+0305
Authors: Hutsemékers D. , Sluse D.
Published: August 2021

Line profile distortions are commonly observed in gravitationally lensed quasar spectra. These distortions are caused by microlensing from the stars in the lensing galaxy, which produce differential magnification of spatially and kinematically separated parts of the broad line region (BLR). The quasi-simultaneous visible and near-infrared spectroscopy of the lensed quasar Q2237+0305 reveals strong microlensing-induced line deformations in the high-ionization C IVλ1549 Å and the low-ionization Hα emission lines. We use this effect to constrain the BLR size, geometry, and kinematics in Q2237+0305. For this purpose, we modeled the deformation of the emission lines for three representative BLR models: a Keplerian disk, an equatorial wind, and a biconical polar wind. We considered various inclinations with respect to the line of sight. We find that the observed microlensing effect, characterized by a set of four indices, can only be reproduced by a subsample of the considered BLR models. The microlensing analysis favors a Keplerian disk model for the regions emitting the C IV and the Hα emission lines. A polar wind model remains possible for the C IV BLR, although it is less likely. The equatorial wind model is totally excluded. A preferred inclination of the BLR of 40° is found, in agreement with expectations for a type 1 AGN and past constraints on the accretion disk inclination. The half-light radius of the BLR is r1/2 ≃ 47 ± 19 light-days, with no significant difference between the C IV and Hα BLRs. The size of the C IV BLR agrees with the radius-luminosity relation derived from reverberation mapping, while the size of the Balmer line BLR is one order of magnitude smaller, possibly revealing different quasar properties at high luminosities and high accretion rates.
Ayurveda bei zervikalen Schmerzen
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni
Published: August 2021

Die Therapie nach ayurvedischen Prinzipien als traditionelle Heilkunst basiert auf
den alten heiligen indischen Schriften und gilt als die älteste
überlieferte Heilkunde. Das Wort „Ayurveda“ bedeutet
wörtlich „Lebensweisheit“ oder „Wissen vom
Leben“ und setzt sich aus den Bestandteilen „Ayu“ (sanskrit:
Leben) und „Veda“ (sanskrit: Wissen, Weisheit) zusammen. Die
Behandlung beruht auf einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz und fußt auf diversen
Säulen im Sinne eines multimodalen Ansatzes. Sie konzentriert sich auf die
Prophylaxe, Früherkennung sowie Beseitigung pathogener Faktoren in der
Umgebung der Betroffenen und nicht auf beklagte Symptome. Die Diagnostik beruht auf
Beobachtung (Darshana), Abtasten (Sparshana) und Befragung (Prashna). Die Funktionen
des Körpers basieren in der Philosophie des Ayurveda auf der Einheit von 3
Lebensenergien bzw. Wirkkräften (Doshas). Die Doshas entsprechen am ehesten
in ihrer Gesamtheit dem Yin und Yang aus der TCM und basieren auf den 5
Grundelementen Erde, Feuer, Luft, Wasser und Raum im Gegensatz zur TCM mit den
Elementen Erde, Feuer, Holz, Metall und Wasser. Gesund ist ein Mensch im Ayurveda
dann, wenn sich die Lebensenergien im individuellen Gleichgewicht befinden. Analog
wird in der TCM davon ausgegangen, dass die Lebensenergie Qi frei durch die
Leitbahnen fließen muss, damit ein Mensch gesund ist und bleibt. Krankheit
bedeutet demnach im Ayurveda, dass es zu einem Ungleichgewicht der Doshas kommt,
während in der TCM die Stagnation bzw. der Mangel an Qi die Basis von
Symptomen bilden 6.
Familienhebammen ein hybrides Tätigkeitsfeld - gemeinsam mit Kinderärzten/-innen, Hebammen und Kliniken
Authors: Schaup Katrin
Published: August 2021

Die Familienhebammen und Familienkinderkrankenschwestern sind als präventives Angebot des Leipziger Gesundheitsamtes ein aufsuchender und für die Familien kostenloser Dienst von Beginn der Schwangerschaft bis zum dritten Lebensjahr der Kinder. Ihre Querschnittsaufgabe zwischen den unterschiedlichen Helferangeboten unterscheidet sich nicht nur dadurch maßgeblich von den Aufgaben der originären Hebammen. Die Finanzierung erfolgt aus Mitteln der Bundesstiftung Frühe Hilfen und wird vom Sächsischen Staatsministerium für Soziales und Gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt unterstützt.
Hör mal, wer da (nicht) spricht – Logopädie im interdisziplinären Kontext
Authors: Schulze Dorit
Published: August 2021

Eine funktionierende auditive Verarbeitung ist essenziell für den ungestörten Spracherwerb. Das in Deutschland etablierte Neugeborenenhörscreening ermöglich die Früherkennung angeborener Schwerhörigkeiten, doch auch erworbene Hörstörungen wie beispielsweise ein chronischer Paukenergusskönnen erhebliche negative Auswirkungen auf die Sprachentwicklung haben, sodass die frühzeitige Identifikation und Einleitung entsprechender Behandlungsmaßnahmen durch Pädiater und/oder HNO-Ärzte vor Beginn einer logopädischen Therapie essenziell sind. Nicht allein hörgeschädigte Kinder bedürfen einer logopädischen Unterstützung. Patienten mit myofunktionellen Defiziten, die zu Schluck-/Fütterstörungen führen, aber auch Kinder mit angeborenen Fehbildungen wie Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten und anderen komplexen syndromalen Erkrankungen oder Behinderungen benötigen nicht nur eine besonders intensive zielgerichtete logopädische Therapie: Vielmehr ist die Einschätzung durch geschulte erfahrene Logopäden unabdingbar im Erkennen diverser potenzieller Problemfelder dieser Kinder. Die Zusammenarbeit im therapeutischen Netzwerk zwischen Kinderarzt und Logopäden ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der optimalen Patientenversorgung.
Herausforderungen in der Kinderkardiologie
Authors: Wagner Robert , Paur Simon , Vollroth Marcel
Published: August 2021

In den letzten Jahren hat sich ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Therapie angeborener Herzfehler von »Überleben« zu »Überleben mit hoher Lebensqualität für Patienten und Familie« vollzogen, der nur als ganzheitlicher Behandlungsansatz wahrgenommen und erreicht werden kann. Dies erfordert im klinischen Alltag die Ergänzung des klassischen Behandlerteams aus Kinderkardiologen und Kinderherzchirurgen durch im stationären wie ambulanten Bereich tätiges, hochspezialisiertes ärztliches und pflegerisches Personal, Psychologen, Logopäden, Physio- und Ergotherapeuten, Sozialarbeiter und nachsorgende Einrichtungen wie beispielsweise auf Kinderkardiologie fokussierte Rehabilitationskliniken und sozialpädiatrische Zentren. Spezialisierte EMAH-Kardiologen betreuen eine zunehmende Anzahl überlebender Menschen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern bis ins hohe (Erwachsenen-) Alter nach. Der G-BA hat Anfang 2017 das standardisierte Pulsoxymetriescreening in Deutschland in die vorgeschriebenen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen aufgenommen (BAnz AT 27.1.2017 B5). Nicht nur für die hochspezialisierten Perinatalzentren, sondern für alle Geburts- und Kinderkliniken sowie Kinderärzte, die in die postnatale Versorgung von Neugeborenen eingebunden werden, sind Durchführung, Dokumentation, Interpretation und Einleitung entsprechender Konsequenzen dieser Screeningmaßnahme verbindlich. Dennoch sind Theorie und Praxis auch vier Jahre nach Einführung aufgrund organisatorischer und technischer Hürden (erfahrungsgemäß) noch nicht deckungsgleich und bedürfen weiterhin individueller Anstrengungen.
Schuleingangsuntersuchungen - Schuluntersuchungen fallen wegen Corona aus – soziale Benachteiligung nimmt zu
Authors:   Nach Angaben BVÖGD
Published: August 2021

Auch in diesem Jahr muss die ärztliche Untersuchung für viele Schulanfänger voraussichtlich ausfallen. Grund ist, dass in den Ämtern zu wenige Ärztinnen und Ärzte für die Schuleingangsuntersuchungen zur Verfügung stehen. Das berichtet der Bundesverband der Ärztinnen und Ärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (BVÖGD). Auch im vergangenen Jahr konnten wegen der Corona-Pandemie und aufgrund Personalmangels viele Schuleingangsuntersuchungen nicht oder nur mit erheblichen Verzögerungen stattfinden.
Is There a Difference between the Preoperative and Postoperative Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Children Submitted to Adenotonsillectomy?
Authors: de Souza Jose Neto Ribeiro , de Castro Fernanda de Oliveira Feitosa , de Souza Camila Lemes , El Cheikh Mikhael Romanholo , Ramos Hugo Valter Lisboa , da Fonseca Simone Gonçalves , Costa Claudiney Candido
Published: August 2021

Introduction Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils are the first line of defense against pathogens. Clinically, two alterations may require surgical removal of the tonsils: hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis. The two conditions probably result from a dysfunction of the immune system.

Objective To evaluate possible differences in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients submitted to adenotonsillectomy.

Methods Prospective, longitudinal study with 25 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy separated into 3 different groups: recurrent tonsillitis (RT), composed of 7 patients; recurrent hypertrophy tonsillitis (RTTH), with 8 patients; and the tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) group, with 10 patients. Ten healthy control children (SD) were also included in the study. Peripheral blood was collected, and plasma was separated to measure the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.

Results The plasma level of IL-6 was higher in the RT (p = 0.0394) and TH (p = 0.0009) groups, compared with the control group. The TH group also had higher levels of IL-6 than the RT group (p = 0.039). The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was higher in the RT (p = 0.029) and TH (p = 0.0005) groups compared with the control group. Between the RT and RTTH groups, the IL-6/IL-10 ratio was higher in the RT group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0091).

Conclusion Patients with a history of chronic tonsillitis had higher levels of IL-6, compared with the control group.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Monotherapy as an Outpatient Salvage Treatment in Relapsed Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Compassionate Access
Authors: Radhakrishnan Vivek S. , Modak Ketan , Bhave Saurabh J. , Kumar Jeevan , Roychowdhury Mita , Ghosh Manik , Parihar Mayur , Arora Neeraj , Mishra Deepak K. , Nair Reena , Chandy Mammen
Published: August 2021

Relapsed and refractory (RR) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) poses unique and difficult challenges to a practicing clinician in India where access to novel immunotherapies is limited. Between 2017 and 2020, eight patients with B-cell ALL at our center received inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO) monotherapy on compassionate access, as salvage therapy after at least two lines of conventional therapy failure, and most often as outpatient infusion. Eight patients (21–60 years, three females) received IO. Three patients had morphologic relapse and five patients reported persistent measurable residual disease (MRD). The best response on IO therapy achieved was negative MRD in six of seven patients and complete response (CR) with persistent MRD in one. One patient died (intracranial hemorrhage) before completion of first cycle. All responding patients were transplant eligible and four patients (57%) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT). Median follow-up of this cohort is 9 months (4–29.6 months), four patients (57%) are alive as stable with negative MRD. No significant infusion reactions occurred during therapy. Three patients developed grades III and IV neutropenia, two patients showed grade III transaminitis, and two patients developed post-HCT severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS). IO is a feasible outpatient based salvage therapy to improve the remission status in RR B-cell ALL.
Liner implosion experiments driven by a dynamic screw pinch
Authors: Campbell Paul C. , Jones T. M. , Woolstrum J. M. , Jordan N. M. , Schmit P. F. , Velikovich A. L. , Greenly J. B. , Potter W. M. , Lavine E. S. , Kusse B. R. , Hammer D. A. , McBride R. D.
Published: August 2021

This paper expands upon recent experimental results [Campbell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 035001 (2020)], where thin-foil liner implosions were driven by a dynamic screw pinch (DSP) and found to have magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instability (MRTI) amplitudes up to three times smaller than in implosions driven by a standard z-pinch (SZP). The expanded discussion presented herein includes: (1) a detailed comparison of the MRTI growth measured in the experiment with that calculated from theory; (2) measurements of axial magnetic field injection into the liner interior prior to the implosion, as well as the subsequent compression of this field during the implosion; (3) an in-depth description of how the helical geometry of the DSP can result in earlier implosion and stagnation times relative to the SZP; and (4) particle-in-cell simulations showing different electron drift behavior in the anode–cathode gap of the DSP relative to the SZP, and how this difference may be related to the different current waveforms recorded during the experiments.
Sensitivity analysis on supersonic-boundary-layer stability subject to perturbation of flow parameters
Authors: Guo Peixu , Gao Zhenxun , Jiang Chongwen , Lee Chun-Hian
Published: August 2021

The compressible-boundary-layer stability can be considerably influenced by base flow distortion. The distortion may originate from perturbations of flow parameters, such as the Mach number. In this paper, sensitivities of the boundary layer stability to certain flow parameters are derived analytically by utilizing the homotopy analysis (with codes shared), in conjunction with a direct-adjoint stability theory. The sensitivities can be categorized according to the routes the distortion evolves. Route I is that parameters distort the base flow (Sensitivity A), which, in turn, affect the eigenvalue of the linear stability equation (Sensitivity B). Route II gives rise to the effects of flow parameters onto eigenvalues caused by direct perturbation of the linear operators (Sensitivity C). Results indicate that Sensitivity A is characterized by the only peak found on the sensitivity profile that corresponds to the maximum gradient of base flow; for Sensitivity B, production terms, e.g., the mean-shear terms, are found to be significant, while for Sensitivity C, which is rarely discussed in existing literature, the pressure gradient terms in the momentum equations are dominant in affecting the stability via route II. Furthermore, route II can be more significant than route I. Having examined the variation of the mean shear gradient, d(ρ¯du¯/dy)/dy, near the critical layer yc, it is proven that the sensitivity of the eigenvalue to the velocity or temperature distortion is negative at yc under certain assumptions, particularly for the temperature-relevant sensitivity that has hardly been discussed before.
Incentives can spur COVID-19 vaccination uptake
Authors: Klüver Heike , Hartmann Felix , Humphreys Macartan , Geissler Ferdinand , Giesecke Johannes
Published: August 2021

Recent evidence suggests that vaccination hesitancy is too high in many countries to sustainably contain COVID-19. Using a factorial survey experiment administered to 20,500 online respondents in Germany, we assess the effectiveness of three strategies to increase vaccine uptake, namely, providing freedoms, financial remuneration, and vaccination at local doctors. Our results suggest that all three strategies can increase vaccination uptake on the order of two to three percentage points (PP) overall and five PP among the undecided. The combined effects could be as high as 13 PP for this group. The returns from different strategies vary across age groups, however, with older cohorts more responsive to local access and younger cohorts most responsive to enhanced freedoms for vaccinated citizens.
The microbial one-hit wonder
Authors: Rusconi Brigida A. , Newberry Rodney D.
Published: August 2021

Intestinal inflammation, in the absence of infection, occurs from contributions by genetics and environment. Chen et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210324) challenge this concept by demonstrating that a dominant transmissible dysbiotic microbial community predisposes to intestinal inflammation in absence of genetic alterations.
Comparative analysis of variations in the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer under different heliogeophysical conditions at the Moscow station
Authors: Ivannikova A G , Kotonayeva N G
Published: August 2021

Results of the statistical analysis of variations of critical frequency of a layer of F2 of an ionosphere at various levels of solar and geomagnetic activity are presented by data from the station Moscow from 1957 to 2019. Optimum intervals of division into levels of geomagnetic activity are experimentally found. The need to divide solar activity into low and high in ionospheric research has been proved. The effect of solar and geomagnetic activity on the occurrence of periodic positive and negative deviations of the critical frequency of the ionosphere F2 layer from the median, calculated for 27 previous days in various seasons, is shown. It has been shown that the daily course of deviations at a high level of geomagnetic activity for negative deviations ceases to be pronounced, unlike positive deviations.
GPS L1 signals absorption in high-latitude lower ionosphere during severe geomagnetic storm in June 2015
Authors: Andreev V E , Gubenko V N , Kirillovich I A
Published: August 2021

Based on the results of an analysis of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements, the absorption of DM-radio waves (wavelength ∼19 cm) in the lower high-latitude ionosphere of the Earth was detected. The maximum absorption value is ∼3 dB in the range from ∼60 to ∼90 km and, in some cases, it reaches ∼10 dB at altitudes from ∼90 to ∼95 km. A method for determining the vertical profiles of the absorption coefficient by solving the inverse problem of radiosonding in the Earth’s lower ionosphere is proposed. The absorption layers, caused by powerful bursts of X-ray radiation and strong changes in geomagnetic conditions during the storm, were reliably identified in individual sessions. It was found that, at altitudes from ∼90 to ∼100 km, the value of the absorption coefficient of DM-radio waves reached values (5.69 ± 1.35)·10−3 dB/km.
Monitoring of Norilsk TPP-3 fuel tanks dynamics using Sentinel-1 SAR data
Authors: Zakharov A , Zakharova L
Published: August 2021

The results of interferometric processing and analysis of European spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 acquired over the territory of Norilsk thermal power plant TPP-3 are presented. Radar interferograms created cover both cold season of 2019-2020 and warm season of 2020 including catastrophic event- the rupture of the tank with diesel fuel. Owing to high temporal stability of radar signals backscatter from the surface of TPP-3 territory on the time interval between repeated observations the monitoring of the stability of fuel tanks and adjacent territory using classical radar interferometry technique was conducted. It was discovered that the relative location of all four TPP-3 reservoirs and adjacent territory is stable within the 2-3 mm band on all the observation intervals. We may suppose that the fuel tank rupture was not caused by the dynamics of the study area as a consequence of permafrost thaw.
Improving the effectiveness of monitoring of dangerous meteorological phenomena
Authors: Ivannikov D A
Published: August 2021

Three approaches to improving the effectiveness of monitoring of dangerous meteorological phenomena are considered. The first one is based on the modernization of incoherent weather radar on the example of MRL-5 for the possibility of estimating the width of the doppler spectrum by implementing algorithms for pseudo-coherent frequency signal processing with subsampling. Mathematical modeling is carried out, confirming the technical feasibility of the algorithms. On the basis of mathematical analysis, expressions are obtained and graphs of the suppression coefficient of the moving target selection system are presented. The second approach offers a way to improve the efficiency of monitoring for turbulence. An algorithm for detecting zones of increased turbulence and estimating their parameters is proposed. Equations are obtained, on the basis of which algorithms for detecting and estimating the normalized width of the doppler spectrum of zones of increased turbulence, as well as determining the power level of the reflected signals, are synthesized. The third approach describes a way to improve the efficiency of thunderstorm detection and the accuracy of their localization by supplementing the MRL-5 with magnetometric equipment. An example of the implementation and brief technical specifications are given.
Preliminary analysis of experimental cross-polarization images from polarimetric aircraft synthetic aperture radar of P-band
Authors: Kalinkevich A A , Kutuza B G , Yu Manakov V , Egorov D P , Plyushchev V A
Published: August 2021

An analysis of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) space observations usage for measuring Faraday rotation angle of plane-polarized electromagnetic radiation on the satellite-Earth-satellite route and calibrating the radar is performed. It is shown that technical characteristics of SAR, the radar movement during the survey and features of electromagnetic waves reflection from the rough Earth’s surface, as well as small-scale ionospheric inhomogeneities affect the results of comparison the radar images at HV and VH cross-polarizations. As a result, there is a problem of SAR signal polarization plane Faraday rotation angle measuring accuracy, which is needed for proper calibration of linearly polarized polarimetric long-wave band SAR using methods proposed by soviet and foreign specialists. Currently, there are no studies of Earth’s surfaces reflection properties carried out by means of space-based long-wave band polarimetric synthesized aperture radars at HV and VH polarizations. At the same time, the authors are not aware of any works, in which the reciprocity principle of cross-polarized HV and VH radar images is analyzed. An attempt to use aircraft P-band radar images at HV and VH polarizations for studying the reciprocity principle is performed in this work.
Forming a short acoustic signal to study the underwater environment
Authors: Konovalov R S , Konovalov S I , Kuz’menko A G , Pavlov I V , Tsaplev V M
Published: August 2021

Piezoelectric transducers (PET) are widely used as emitters and receivers of acoustic signals to solve a great number of problems related to the study of the World Ocean. Providing the ability to operate the PET in the mode of short-sounding pulse radiation allows increasing the resolution of the remote sensing equipment of the aquatic environment. At the same time, a number of tasks require the use of non-directional emitters, for example, in the form of a thin-walled sphere. It is of interest to study the possibility of obtaining a short probing signal at the output of this type of PET. The paper considers the pulse mode of operation of a non-directional thin-walled spherical emitter excited by a short electrical signal. The research is based on the application of the method of equivalent circuits of the PET and the Fourier spectral method. The durations and amplitudes of the probing pulses emitted by the PEP are estimated. The results obtained may be applied to the design of equipment for underwater research.
Using Android smartphones with dual-frequency multi-GNSS receiver to measure the total electron content of the ionosphere
Authors: Kogogin D A , Nasyrov I A , Maksimov D S , Zagretdinov R V
Published: August 2021

The results of raw GNSS data recorded using a Xiaomi Mi 8 android smartphone equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS module BCM47755 capable of receiving and processing signals from the GPS, Galileo, QZSS systems in the L1 and L5 frequency sub-bands are presented in the paper. The indices of ionospheric activity that as variations in the relative slant total electron content, the rate of total electron content, the rate of total electron content index, root-mean-square deviation of relative slant total electron content on the base of raw GNSS data are calculated. A comparison study of the data obtained with the data from the KZN2 station of the International GNSS Service network, equipped with a professional GNSS receiver of a geodetic class is carried out. It is shown that the median value of signal strength at frequencies L1 and L5 for the data obtained from the satellites G08, G10, G27, G32, E09 on the Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone is ≈ 5-25% lower than data from the KZN2 station. The indices of ionospheric activity registered by the Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone have a higher signal-to-noise ratio in comparison with the data of the KZN2 station. Median levels of variations of the relative slant TEC, ROT, ROTI, and RMSTEC obtained by the Trimble Alloy receiver at KZN2 station were 45÷70% lower than that for the Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone. Nonetheless, the possibility of registering the indices of ionospheric activity such as relative slant total electron content and others based on dual-frequency raw GNSS measurements (primarily carrier-phase and pseudorange) of GNSS signals received by smartphones opens up prospects for attracting as wide a community as possible for collecting GNSS data and monitoring the ionosphere.
User Perception of the Existence of Arena Youth Park as a Green Open Space in Jambi City
Authors: Utami S , Hidayah R
Published: August 2021

Green Open Space (GOS) is one of the conditions for the formation of a good and healthy city that is beneficial for humans and the environment around the city. In Jambi City Arena Youth Park is one of the GOS and a place for people to do activities such as sports, picnics with family, playgrounds and other activities in Jambi City. This paper aims to determine the user’s perception of Arena Youth Park as a green open space. The method used in this research is quantitative qualitative. The results showed that the typology of green open space in Arena Youth Park was optimal, most of them had met the standards in the Minister of Public Works Regulation No.05/PRT/M/2008. Users of Arena Youth Park tend to engage in recreational activities with a proportion of 49.1%. The variable that has a significant effect on the existence of Arena Youth Park as GOS is Arena Youth Park which affects air quality in cities. As many as 73% of Arena Youth Park users agree that Arena Youth Park is a green open space in Jambi City. With three aspects, namely ecological (72%), socio-cultural (73%) and economic (75%).
Philanthropy in Settlement Infrastructure Development
Authors: Rochani A , Yuliastuti N , Sudarwanto B
Published: August 2021

Current settlements development face problems of funding sources for limited infrastructure construction. Especially during the Covid 19 pandemic, where state revenue as the main basis for infrastructure funding could not reach the expected target. It requires blended financing sources that do not only rely on the ability of state funding but also alternative sources of funding, one of which is in the form of philanthropy, an effort to help others which are manifested by a social charity in the form of funds or something else. This research applied a descriptive-analytic method to explore various philanthropic phenomena developed in Indonesia. The results show that philanthropy has been developing for a long time and has become one of the roots of the social life of the Indonesian people. Philanthropy grows from the spirit of togetherness in the community and encourages outcomes in the form of an increased sense of belonging, the community in socializing, and community initiatives in caring for and managing the built network system. The sustainability of infrastructure development on a community scale will be more guaranteed with the existence of philanthropy in the community.
A Proposal for Implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) to Manage the Prerequisite Activities in Construction Projects
Authors: Handayani T N , Putri K N R
Published: August 2021

The common practice of construction planning may not formulate the schedule at the appropriate level of detail. Some prerequisite activities such as material supply, plant installation, and document preparation are unorganized. Failure in managing prerequisite activities may increase the risk of delay. Thus, an improvement of the current scheduling practice is substantial which can be performed by adopting technologies. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an innovative concept that allows us to integrate the schedule and the building element with the ability to control the information systematically. Considering the implementation of BIM is still limited, this paper aims to investigate the potential of BIM to improve the project schedule by detailing the prerequisite activities. The study is started by an extensive literature review to define the status of the current studies and the research gaps. The state of BIM implementation as a tool to improve the project schedule is examined. Lastly, the potential merge between BIM and the utilization of the prerequisites activities is elaborated. The proposal is an initial step to develop a BIM-based system which can automatically assign the prerequisite activities to every building element. It enhances the scheduling practices and minimizes the risk of delay.
Mechanical Behavior of Corroded Steel in Lightweight Concrete: A Review
Authors: Zaki A , Putri O , Yadi S , Rommel E
Published: August 2021

There is an immediate need for reinforced concrete (RC) construction to protect natural resources and environmental sustainability due to a gradual decline in natural resources and a problem in many waste disposal sites used. Reducing natural stones as aggregates in concrete using agriculture waste as aggregate to produce lightweight concrete is an effective way to reduce this problem. Lightweight concrete applications for structural design have long been applied because they significantly benefit design and construction costs. However, limited information about the structural performance, such as the bond strength, the compressive strength can be a barrier to applying lightweight concrete in the construction industry, as inadequate bond strength can result in structural deficiencies in RC structures. Therefore, to launch the use of lightweight concrete as a general material of construction, this research was conducted to review the current information on the mechanical behaviour of corroded lightweight concrete structures, while agricultural solid wastes were used as a lightweight aggregate in the concrete mixture.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on Road Infrastructure Projects: a Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Lendra  , Wibowo M A , Hatmoko J U D
Published: August 2021

LCA has been utilized over the past two decades to estimate the environmental impacts of pavement in infrastructures. The purpose of this study is to systematically map research on the use of LCA to calculate energy and emissions in road infrastructure projects. The research method is carried out by a literature review, in terms of systematic mapping study of a number of previous scientific publications, in the form of documents that have been published in international and national journals and proceedings, etc., in the last thirty years. The results show that: The topic of LCA is still an interesting area of research, and the trend from year to year shows an increase in the publication of articles in reputable journals. As much as 57.8% research, using the process based calculation method. Only 15.6% of research calculated energy and emissions in the four completed stages of the project life cycle. As much as 37.5% research compared the flexible and rigid pavement as research objects. There is a chance to research the development of the energy optimization model for road infrastructure projects using cradle to cradle system boundary, from initiation to the end of life as a whole project life cycle.
Performance Study of Gendengan Intersection with the Implementation of a One-way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane
Authors: Yulianto B , Setiono  , Marwoto S , Kuswanto  , Sugiyarto
Published: August 2021

The central government plans to provide operational funding for urban public transport in the form of a Buy the Service (BTS) scheme in order to anticipate the degradation of the Batik Solo Trans (BST) public transport performance. One of the efforts to improve BST public transport services is by providing BST public transport a special lane facility on Brigjend Slamet Riyadi road from East to West direction called One-Way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane. This study discusses the design of traffic signal timing settings at Gendengan Intersection with implementation of One-Way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane on Brigjend Slamet Riyadi road. The signalized intersection performance is calculated by using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997 method. Several scenarios of traffic signal timing for the signalized intersection are used to find out the best scenario. The results of signalized intersection performance analysis show that with implementation of One-Way System with Contra Flow Bus Lane, the level of service Gendengan intersection has decreased from D to F in the afternoon peak hours for Protected Scenario case, while in the morning and afternoon peak hours remain constant for all scenarios.
The Performance of Demand Responsive Pelican Crossing at Midblock Pedestrian Crossing Facility
Authors: Yulianto B , Putri Salsabila N
Published: August 2021

Pedestrians are travellers who are the most vulnerable to traffic accidents. In general, pedestrian safety in urban areas tends to be neglected. Lack of adequate pedestrian facilities, especially midblock pedestrian crossing facilities, has an impact on pedestrian safety. In order to improve pedestrian safety, therefore the Surakarta city government provides a pedestrian crossing facility, namely Pelican crossing. The existence of a Pelican crossing has an impact on road performance where the traffic and pedestrian flow is regulated by signal timing. The existing Pelican crossing is a type of pedestrian-actuated control logic with fixed-time operation. This study aims to design demand responsive Pelican crossing based on Vehicle Actuated Control Extension Principle (VAC EP) logic, where signal timing is based on real time traffic conditions. The performance of Pelican crossings at midblock pedestrian crossing facility is analysed by using a calibrated and validated VISSIM simulation model. The performance of the proposed Pelican crossing (VAC EP) is compared to the existing Pelican crossing. The simulation analysis results show that the proposed Pelican crossing (VAC EP) performance is better than the existing Pelican crossing, in terms of average pedestrian delay.
Potential Tsunami Hazard on the Coast of the Indonesia’s New Capital Candidate
Authors: Karima Shofia , Kongko Widjo , Khoirunnisa Hanah , Hendriyono Wahyu , Wibowo Mardi
Published: August 2021

On the 26th of August 2019, the Indonesian government announced the location of the new nation’s capital city. The plan to move the capital city raises various pros, cons, and several challenges, including those from natural disaster aspects. East Kalimantan’s coastal area faces the Makassar Strait waters which have the potential for tsunamis, either originating from landslides or from the megathrust. The megathrust earthquake that has the potential to cause a tsunami in the area is the megathrust of North Sulawesi. In 1997, an earthquake measuring 7.9 Mw originating from the megathrust caused a catastrophic tsunami. According to Peta Gempa (Pusgen, 2017), the North Sulawesi Megathrust has the worst potential for an earthquake of magnitude 8.5. In this research, the tsunami wave height and the estimated time of arrival will be simulated using the TUNAMI numerical model. In addition, analyses from the simulation results are also made for coastal areas with high activity and large population (Palu, Toli-toli, Donggala, Mamuju, Samarinda, Berau, Kutai, and Bontang). The simulation results of this model show that the maximum height of the tsunami waves on the coast of East Kalimantan is 0.83 meters and the arrival time is around 1.6 to 2 hours.
Analysis of Floodwater Level and Periodic Maintenance of Celeng River, Bantul
Authors: Ammara N D , Maryono A , Sulaiman M
Published: August 2021

Flooding in the Celeng River usually occurs after high-intensity rains. The Celeng River cannot accommodate any water from the hills around Imogiri and Dlingo. Channel modeling was carried out using HEC-RAS 5.0.7 simulations to determine the river capacity and floodwater level as a control design for periodic maintenance planning. The results of HEC-RAS 5.0.7 modeling in the existing conditions show that there were floods at several points. The usual effort is to make retaining walls. The river morphology, which is changed by the construction of the retaining wall, will accelerate the water rate so that the volume of water in the downstream part is high and will only move the flood to another place. This destructive to the environment, so flood mitigation using bio-engineering methods is proposed to answer the problem.
Design of Microhydro Power Plant Prototype Based on Kelekar River Flow Discharge
Authors: Indrayani  , Renny Citra Ramadhani
Published: August 2021

Indonesia is a country that has a very large water source, so it has the potential to develop hydro power plant as a superior resource. One of the rivers in the province of South Sumatra has the potential to be developed as a source of micro-hydro power plants, namely the Kelekar River in Ogan Ilir Regency. The existence of the Sriwijaya University Embung which is located on the Kelekar River can certainly support the use of Kelakar River water as a micro hydro power plant. The design of a prototype for a micro-hydro power plant aims to obtain a model of the tool as a reference in making a power plant tool in the field. Making prototypes of the tool refers to the results of previous research on the characteristics of the Kelekar River, namely the design discharge (Qd) of 0.45m3/sec, the effective fall height (Heff) at the embung is 3.475792 m, the water flow power is 15,344 kW, and the power (pt) produced by the turbine is 11,508 kW with the turbine efficiency (ŋt) of 0.75. The resulting discharge is 0.000145 m3/s with a transmission speed of 23.078 m/s, and the resulting energy is 4.944 Watt.
MA Filter-based Modeling and Control of Smoothing Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations by Inverter Air Conditioners
Authors: Xu Lizhong , Xie Kang , Lu Chunliang , Qi Taoyi , Ma Xiang , Lv Leiyan , Yao Yu
Published: August 2021

Renewable energies (RES) will receive higher attention in the future, and continuously increase the penetration rate in the power system to achieve low carbon goal. However, the volatility and intermittent nature of RES generation caused by the uncertainty of the weather have brought huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power system. IACs have become a substitute for traditional power plants to accommodate RES by changing their operating power. This paper proposes a control method based on the MA filter to smooth photovoltaic generation power fluctuations utilizing inverter air conditioners (IACs). The photovoltaic power data is filtered by the MA filter in real time firstly. An output power with little fluctuations and one power deviation with high frequency fluctuations are obtained. The power deviation with high frequency fluctuations will be smoothed by IACs, while the remaining power deviation will be smoothed by ESSs. The case studies show a smooth power output is obtained for the power system after filtering.
Global Poetry and Provincial Poetics
Authors: Nersessian Anahid
Published: August 2021

This review of three books—two works of contemporary literary criticism and one anthology—considers how ideals of multiculturalism and linguistic hybridity have informed recent thinking about poetry and its political ends. Jahan Ramazani’s Poetry in a Global Age is praised for its formal attentiveness and Jen Hedler Phillis’s Poems of the American Empire for its inventive incorporation of Virgil’s Aeneid into its understanding of modern poetry’s vacillation between lyric and epic registers. Meanwhile, the anthology American Poets in the 21st Century: Poetics of Social Engagement, edited by Michael Dowdy and Claudia Rankine, is described as a book well-suited for students interested in various strains of and controversies within contemporary poetics. Several contemporary poets (Cathy Park Hong, Allison Adelle Hedge Coke, Raquel Salas Rivera, Bhanu Kapil) are discussed as well as some modernist poets, particularly those who, like Ezra Pound, offer examples of a multilingual poetics from earlier in the twentieth century.
Lemon myrtle extract inhibits lactate production by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Yabuta Yukinori , Sato Yui , Miki Arisu , Nagata Ryuta , Bito Tomohiro , Ishihara Atsushi , Watanabe Fumio
Published: August 2021

Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) extract has been found to inhibit glucansucrase activity, which plays an important role in biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In addition to glucansucrase, various virulence factors in S. mutans are involved in the initiation of caries. Lactate produced by S. mutans demineralizes the tooth enamel. This study investigated whether lemon myrtle extract can inhibit S. mutans lactate production. Lemon myrtle extract reduced the glycolytic pH drop in S. mutans culture and inhibited lactate production by at least 46%. Ellagic acid, quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin, major polyphenols in lemon myrtle, reduced the glycolytic pH drop and lactate production, but not lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, these polyphenols reduced the viable S. mutans cell count. Thus, lemon myrtle extracts may inhibit S. mutans-mediated acidification of the oral cavity, thereby preventing dental caries and tooth decay.
Sleep and future cognitive decline
Authors: Coulthard Elizabeth , Blackman Jonathan
Published: August 2021

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Sleep and longitudinal cognitive performance in preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer disease’ by Lucey et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awab272).
Combining First and Second-Tier Newborn Screening in a Single Assay Using High-Throughput Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Austin Pickens C , Isenberg Samantha L , Cuthbert Carla , Petritis Konstantinos
Published: August 2021

Background

Most first-tier newborn screening (NBS) biomarkers are evaluated by a 2-min flow injection analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) assay. The absence of separation prior to MS/MS analysis can lead to false positives and inconclusive results due to interferences by nominal isobars and isomers. Therefore, many presumptive positive specimens require confirmation by a higher specificity second-tier assay employing separations, which require additional time and resources prior to patient follow-up.

Methods

A 3.2-mm punch was taken from dried blood spot (DBS) specimens and extracted using a solution containing isotopically labeled internal standards for quantification. Analyses were carried out in positive mode using a commercially available microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (CE) system coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS).

Results

The CE-HRMS platform quantified 35 first- and second-tier biomarkers from a single injection in <2-min acquisition time, thus, successfully multiplexing first- and second-tier NBS for over 20 disorders in a single DBS punch. The CE-HRMS platform resolved problematic isobars and isomers that affect first-tier FIA-MS/MS assay specificity, while achieving similar quantitative results and assay linearity.

Conclusions

Our CE-HRMS assay is capable of multiplexing first- and second-tier NBS biomarkers into a single assay with an acquisition time of <2 min. Such an assay would reduce the volume of false positives and inconclusive specimens flagged for second-tier screening.