bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practices on Home Medication Storage and Disposal in Syria: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Samha Raghad , Wali Azmi , Al-Qadri Saeed , Al-Assi Fatima , Al-Khalaf Aya , Al-Deeb Aya , Shibani Mosa , Alzabibi Mhd Amin , Khaddam Walid Issa , Al-Hayek Shahd
Published: August 2024

Background
Medications are commonly found in every household. Improper storage can alter their effectiveness and usability, while inappropriate disposal negatively impacts the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes and practices of Syrian individuals regarding the appropriate storage and disposal of home medications.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 22 to October 20, 2023, using an online survey distributed via social media apps (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram) in Syria. The questionnaire, adapted from a similar study in Saudi Arabia, was translated to Arabic using the forward-backward translation technique. A convenience sampling technique was used. Validity and reliability were confirmed through a pilot study with 50 participants (Cronbach's alpha = 0.7). Inclusion criteria were participants over eighteen with expired or unused medications at home. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 27, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05.
Results
A total of 2,217 responses were collected. The findings revealed that 87% of respondents dispose of expired medications in the garbage, and 95% keep medications in their original containers. Additionally, 30% consult pharmacists for storage instructions, and 64% read the storage information on medication leaflets. There was no significant difference in responses between medical professionals and the general population.
Conclusion
This study highlights a significant lack of awareness among the Syrian public regarding the proper storage and disposal of medications. Enhanced public education and awareness programs are essential to improve these practices.
Evaluating The Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Medicine on Swiss Albino Mice: An In-Vivo, In-vitro and In-Silico Insights
Authors: Alom Md. Murshid , Zamir Md. Rausan , Islam Nazmul , Khalekuzzaman Md. , Zaman Rashed , Islam Md. Asadul
Published: August 2024

Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine or phytotherapy, involves using different parts of plants for medicinal purposes, aiming to inhibit various medical conditions and promote overall safety. The adverse health effects and level of toxicity of herbal medicine are not proven by testing, manufacturing, and labeling standards and regulations according to FDA. This analysis was undertaken to examine the hepato-renal toxicity of Carmina, a well‑known Hamdard herbal formulation that is prescribed for balancing of gastric problem. Swiss albino mice considering between 20–25 gram were utilized for conducting this study. The solution of Carmina was given orally at two different doses (0.5 milliliter per kg and 2.5 milliliter per kg body weight) for fourteen consecutive days. Paracetamol for a single lethal hepato-renal toxic dose and allopathic drugs Maxpro were used for standard. Liver and kidney damage were assessed by measuring the levels of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride, total protein (TP), bilirubin, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urea. Besides, oxidative stress marker (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity) and histopathology analysis were evaluated. Finally, in-silico validation was done by applying Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model. Treatment with Carmina exhibited non-significant difference in enzyme levels and oxidative stress marker as compared with saline control group. Normal cellular level was found in the histopathology examination of liver and kidney tissue. There was a considerable toxicity level were found according to QSAR model validation (r2 & q2 value). Biochemical parameters from serum, histological evaluation, and oxidative stress parameters of liver and kidney tissue substantiated that the studied herbal medicine does not create the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic disorder on experimented animals. However, there was a considerable toxicity were found through in-silico validation, it was concluded that the studied herbal medicine is pharmacologically safe.
Distributed network of optically pumped magnetometers for space weather monitoring
Authors: Mrozowski Marcin S. , Bell Angus S. , Griffin Paul F. , Hunter Dominic , Burt David , McGilligan James P. , Riis Erling , Beggan Ciaran , Ingleby Stuart J.
Published: August 2024

Spatial variation in the intensity of magnetospheric and ionospheric fluctuation during solar storms creates ground-induced currents, of importance in both infrastructure engineering and geophysical science. This activity is currently measured using a network of ground-based magnetometers, typically consisting of extensive installations at established observatory sites. We show that this network can be enhanced by the addition of remote quantum magnetometers which combine high sensitivity with intrinsic calibration. These nodes utilize scalable hardware and run independently of wired communication and power networks. We demonstrate that optically pumped magnetometers, utilizing mass-produced and miniaturized components, offer a single scalable sensor with the sensitivity and stability required for space weather observation. We describe the development and deployment of an off-grid magnetic sensing node, powered by a solar panel, present observed data from periods of low and high geomagnetic activity, and compare it to existing geomagnetic observatories.
Forecasting COVID-19 Inpatient Mortality using Fundamental Parameters in Resource-Constrained Settings: a Countrywide Multi-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Hanafi Ibrahem , Hanafi Ibrahem , Alsalkini Marah , Almouhammad Alaa , Salhab Ghaya , Khoder Qamar , Azzam Taj , Hanafi Bayan , Sallam Sondos , Khamis Majd Abu , Alnabelsi Ola , Alzamel Lyana , Afif Zen , Jassem Manaf , Alsoudi Rahaf , Almousa Samaher
Published: August 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, resource constraints necessitated effective mortality prediction tools to guide decision-making. Tailoring these tools to diverse healthcare settings, particularly those with sparse resources, remains an unmet need. Addressing this challenge, our nationwide multicenter study from Syria introduces LR-COMPAK, a simplified scoring system utilizing six easily obtainable variables: age, comorbidities (kidney disease, malignancy), and vital signs (pulse rate, oxygen saturation, consciousness) to predict COVID-19 mortality during hospitalization. LR-COMPAK exhibited superior performance compared to established scores (AUC 0.88), explaining 52% of mortality variability in our sample (n = 3199), and demonstrated applicability extending to non-hospitalized patients. Regional and temporal disparities in severity scores and mortality rates underscored healthcare capacity variations. Furthermore, incorporating two blood tests (lactate dehydrogenase and bicarbonate), LR-ALBO-ICU, a modified ICU-specific score, effectively predicted ICU mortality. The practical implications of LR-COMPAK and LR-ALBO-ICU include aiding informed hospitalization decisions, optimizing resource allocation in resource-limited settings, and enhancing patient outcomes globally.
Advancing Resource Efficiency: Evaluation of Plastic Upcycling Methodologies and Their Applications in Sustainable Flooring Solutions
Authors: F Antony Leo , Ajith Navinjith , S Akaash
Published: August 2024

This study explores the development of eco-friendly bricks using recycled plastic waste, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), quartz sand, and bitumen. The research demonstrates the potential for addressing plastic pollution while reducing construction costs. Key findings include: 1) a production cost of 0.092 euros per brick, approximately half that of traditional bricks; 2) enhanced structural integrity with a peak compression strength of 37.5 MPa at 2% bitumen content and a 3:2 plastic-to-sand ratio; 3) improved water resistance and reduced permeability; 4) minimal water absorption (less than 1% after 24 hours); 5) negligible efflorescence, particularly in bricks with higher plastic content; and 6) enhanced heat conduction resistance in plastic-rich bricks. The study highlights the viability of these innovative bricks in various construction applications, including structural frameworks, parking installations, and pathways. This research contributes to sustainable construction practices by offering an economically viable and environmentally responsible alternative to traditional bricks, while simultaneously addressing the global challenge of plastic waste management.
Memantine administration enhances glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways in human hippocampus of Alzheimer´s disease patients
Authors: Fabrik Ivo , Kupcik Rudolf , Horak Martin , Soukup Jiri , Manethova Monika , Rusina Robert , Matej Radoslav , Ryska Ales , Soukup Ondrej
Published: August 2024

Introduction: One of the traditional treatments in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is an administration of memantine, the NMDA receptor antagonist. However, molecular mechanism of memantine complex action and the impact on hippocampal proteome in humans is unknown.
Methods:Hippocampal proteins extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded post mortem tissues obtained from healthy donors (n=15), AD patients not treated by memantine (n=11), and AD patients treated with memantine (n=8) were investigated using TMT-based quantitative proteomics.
Results: The presented data show that memantine treatment has minor but characteristic effect on
protein expression. Memantine medication selectively induced levels of several mitochondrially-encoded proteins, mitigated proteomic pattern of activated phagocytes, and enhanced expression of synaptic components involved in both inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) neurotransmission.
Conclusions: The impact of memantine treatment exceeds its NMDA-blocking role. Memantine foremostly stimulates broad upregulation of proteins for which glutamate or GABA serve as ligands suggesting perturbation of glutamate/GABA signaling.
Experimental evolution of a mammalian holobiont: selection for herbivorous capability in bank voles yields distinct and robust gut microbial communities
Authors: Lipowska Małgorzata M. , Sadowska Edyta T. , Kohl Kevin D. , Koteja Paweł
Published: August 2024

Background
Symbiotic associations between animals and their microbiota are increasingly recognized as critical to the functioning of individuals and the evolution of complex adaptations, such as mammalian herbivory. This has led to the development of the "hologenome" theory of evolution, which proposes that natural selection and evolution can act through a conglomerate biological unit, the "holobiont" - the host and its associated microbiome. Although the concept is appealing, its merits are debated, and few attempts have been made to test its specific assumptions directly using the experimental evolutionary approach.
Results
Here, we fill this gap using lines of bank vole (Myodes = Clethrionomys glareolus) selected for enhanced ability to cope with a low-quality herbivorous diet and unselected control lines. In a 4-day test with the low-quality diet, juvenile voles from the "herbivorous" lines maintained or increased body mass better than those from the control lines and had an increased rate of food consumption. Results from a complex nature-nurture design, in which we combined dietary treatment with cohabitation between individuals from the distinct lines (to allow for horizontal bacterial transfer), showed that the "herbivorous" voles harbored a caecal microbiome with altered composition and structure, and altered abundances of several phyla and genera, regardless of the origin of the cohabitant. Although the differences were small, they were partially robust to changes in diet and housing conditions. Microbial characteristics also correlated with selection-related traits at the level of individual variation.
Conclusions
These results, combined with those of a complementary cross-fostering experiment, showed that microbial composition can be treated as an organismal functional trait, largely determined by genetic background and early maternal effects, which can change in response to selection acting on other organismal traits. Such results are consistent with the concept of hologenomic evolution.
Unravelling non-adiabatic pathways in the mutual neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide
Authors: Strasser Daniel , Bogot Alon , Poline Mathias , Ji MingChao , Dochain Arnaud , Rosén Stefan , Zettergren Henning , Schmidt Henning , Thomas Richard
Published: August 2024

The mutual-neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide ions is a fundamental chemical reaction. Yet, there is very limited direct experimental evidence about its intrinsically non-adiabatic mechanism. By 3D-imaging of the coincident neutral products of isolated D3O+ and OD− reactions, we revealed two competing non-adiabatic pathways leading to distinct D2O+OD+D and 2OD+D2 product channels and substantial suppression of the proton-transfer mechanism due to a kinetic isotope-effect. Analysis of the 3-body momentum correlations revealed the electronic ground- and excited-state energies of the unstable D3O radicals, formed by e-transfer. Furthermore, we found that in reactions leading to the higher probability D2O+OD+D channel, e-transfer forms the neutral D3O ground state at a short ~4Å distance. In contrast, 2OD+D2 products are formed following e-transfer at ~10Å distance and proceed on an excited-state of the neutral D3O. The observed mechanisms are related to the recently reported spontaneous OH radical formation at the surface of pure water microdroplets.
γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B signaling drives glioblastoma in females in an immune-dependent manner
Authors: Bayik Defne , Pathak Asmita , Sra Palavalasa , Knott Maxon , Colon Bruno , Ciervo Erika , Zhou Yadi , Mitchell Jonathan , Pumar Oriana , Wong Harrison , Zhang Li , Susic Nikola , Shah Khushi , Kay Kristen , Chin Diana , Johnson Sadie , Cheng Feixiong , Lyssiotis Costas , Watson Dionysios , Ceccarelli Michele , Shah Ashish , Wahl Daniel , Lathia Justin
Published: August 2024

Sex differences in immune responses impact cancer outcomes and treatment response, including in glioblastoma (GBM). However, host factors underlying sex specific immune-cancer interactions are poorly understood. Here, we identify the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a driver of GBM-promoting immune response in females. We demonstrated that GABA receptor B (GABBR) signaling enhances L-Arginine metabolism and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in female granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs). GABBR agonist and GABA analog promoted GBM growth in females in an immune-dependent manner, while GABBR inhibition reduces gMDSC NOS2 production and extends survival only in females. Furthermore, female GBM patients have enriched GABA transcriptional signatures compared to males, and the use of GABA analogs in GBM patients is associated with worse short-term outcomes only in females. Collectively, these results highlight that GABA modulates anti-tumor immune response in a sex-specific manner, supporting future assessment of GABA pathway inhibitors as part of immunotherapy approaches.
Systematic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals dynamics of variant mutagenesis and transmission in a large urban population
Authors: Wrana Jeff , Aynaud Marie-Ming , Caldwell Lauren , Al-Zahrani Khalid , Barutcu Seda , Chan Kin , Obersterescu Andreea , Ogunjimi Abiodun , Jin Min , Zakoor Kathleen-Rose , Patel Shyam , Padilla Ron , Jen Mark , Veniegas Princess Mae , Dewsi Nursrin , Yonathan Filiam , Zhang Lucy , Ayson-Fortunato Amelia , Aquino Analiza , Mazzulli Tony , Krzyzanowski Paul , Simpson Jared , Bartlett John , Lungu Ilinca , Poutanen Susan , Pelletier Laurence , Gekas Michael , Wouters Bradly , Rini James
Published: August 2024

Highly mutable pathogens generate viral diversity that impacts virulence, transmissibility, treatment, and thwarts acquired immunity. We previously described C19-SPAR-Seq, a high-throughput, next-generation sequencing platform to detect SARS-CoV-2 that we deployed to systematically profile variant dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 for over 3 years in a large, North American urban environment (Toronto, Canada). Sequencing of the ACE2 receptor binding motif and polybasic furin cleavage site of Spike in over 70,000 patients revealed that population sweeps of canonical variants of concern (VOCs) occurred in repeating wavelets. Furthermore, we found that subvariants and putative quasi-species with alterations characteristic of future VOCs and/or predicted to be functionally important arose frequently, but always extinguished. Systematic screening of functionally relevant domains in pathogens could thus provide a powerful tool for monitoring spread and mutational trajectories, particularly those with zoonotic potential.
Unveiling the true nanostructure of carbon nitride-supported single-atom catalysts
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Allasia Nicolò , Xu Shuai , Jafri Sadaf Fatima , Borfecchia Elisa , Cipriano Luis A. , Terraneo Giancarlo , Tosoni Sergio , Mino Lorenzo , Liberto Giovanni Di , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: August 2024

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are gathering significant attention in chemistry due to their unique properties, offering uniform active site distribution and enhanced selectivity. However, their precise structure often remains unclear, with multiple models proposed in the literature. Understanding the coordination environment of the active site at the atomic level is crucial for explaining catalytic activity. Here, we present a comprehensive study of SACs made of carbon nitride (CNx) containing isolated nickel atoms. Using a combination of synthesis techniques and characterization methods including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have investigated the local environment of nickel active centres in CNx-supported SACs. Our results challenge conventional structural models and propose a new architecture that better aligns with current experimental evidence. This new structure serves as a foundational step towards a rational approach to catalyst development and can facilitate more precise design and application of these innovative catalysts.
Overview of perianeurysmal edema after the endovascular management of cerebral aneurysms. A pooled analysis of 48 cases.
Authors: Azab Mohammed A. , Hamid  , Atallah Oday
Published: August 2024

Background:
Perianeurysmal edema occurring after endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms is uncommon compared to surgical clipping. The clinical aspects and the exact explanation is poorly understood.
Methods:
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science. We used the following keywords “endovascular management of cerebral aneurysms” “perianeurysmal cerebral edema”, perianeurysmal cerebral edema after endovascular treatment endovascular treatment” “intracranial aneurysms with perianeurysmal edema” “vessel wall enhancement after endovascular therapy”. For each case, demographic, clinicopathological, therapeutic and follow-up data were gathered and analyzed.
Results:
Perianeurysmal edema after endovascular treatment has a clear female predilection, with a male: female ratio of (12 (25%):29 (60.41%)). The average time from EVT to the onset of edema ranged from one day to about eight years. The aneurysm dimension ranged from 6.8 to 25 mm as the largest size reported. Most patients were asymptomatic 18(37.5 %), and headache was the presenting symptom in 10 patients (20.8%). Aneurysmal wall enhancement was reported in (16 (33.3 %)) patients with perianeurysmal edema. About 12 patients (25%) developed post EVT hydrocephalus. The most common coil used was the platinum type 31 (64.58%). Most of the patients were treated expectantly with follow up 17 (35.41 %), while steroids were used only in 14 (29.16%) patients. Most of the patients have their edema resolved 29 (60.41%) or stable 9 (37.5%).
Conclusion:
There is growing evidence supporting the incidence of post embolization inflammatory reactions involving the vessel wall and the surrounding parenchyma, however, the exact clinical perspectives and the predisposing factors are not fully uncovered. This analysis highlights the possible presentations, and short term outcome of patients presenting with perianeurysmal edema after endovascular management of cerebral aneurysms.
Trends and Excess Risk of Place of Delivery for Under-five Mortality in Ethiopia: A Trend Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data from 2000-2019
Authors: Hailu Getachew , Abeje Gedefaw , Asemahagn Mulusew Andualem
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe place of delivery plays a crucial role in the survival of neonates. Following the recommendation that giving birth at a health facility is safer than giving birth at home, health facility delivery increased from 26% in 2016 to 48% in 2019. However, neonatal mortality increased from 29 in 2016 to 33 per 1,000 live births in 2019 in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the trends and disparities in risk differences according to place of delivery for mortality in children under five years of age in Ethiopia.MethodsThis study used five years of nationally representative demographic and health survey data. The Child and Birth Recode data files were accessed as electronic versions in STATA file format. A modified DHS_U5_rates shared code of chap08_CM was used to save the number of deaths and at-risk individuals for the eight age intervals. Then, we calculated the number of deaths, at-risks, and mortality rates for home- and facility-born children using the Stata command “collapse (sum)” for neonates, post-neonates, infants, children, and under-fives. The trends and disparities in mortality according to place of delivery are presented with line graphs and tables. The mortality difference (RD) at the place of delivery with a 95% uncertainty level was calculated using the “csi”STATAcommand.ResultsThe excess risk difference of 12.7 under five mortality rates [RD=12.66, 95%CI: 3.27, 22.05] in 2016, 7.24 child mortality rate (CMR) [RD=7.24, 95%CI: 1.53, 12.95] in 2019, 14 infant mortality rate (IMR) [RD=13.95, 95%CI: 8.39, 19.52] for all survey years in total, 11 post-natal mortality rate (PNMR) [RD=11.22, 95%CI:6.44, 16] in 2016, and 7 PNMR [RD=7.34, 95%CI: 1.13, 13.56] in 2019 per 1000 live births might be attributable to home birth. However, the negative risk difference of -16.02 neonatal mortality rate (NMR) [RD= -16.02, 95%CI: -29.20, -2.84] in 2011 and -8.51 NMR [RD= -8.51, 95%CI: -16.23, -0.79] in 2016 per 1000 live births might indicate neonates born at home had reduced risk of death than those born at health facility.ConclusionThe difference in the risk of excess U5MR, CMR, IMR, and PNMR per 1000 live births among children born at home might be attributed to their home delivery. These excess deaths would have been prevented if children born at home had the same risk of death as children born at health facilities. However, the difference in the risk of bias associated with NMR might indicate that neonates born at home have a lower risk of death than neonates born at health facilities; this possibility requires further investigation with contextual characteristics as well as access to emergency neonatal health care services.
Teacher Candidates’ Epistemic Reflexivity about Elementary Science Instruction
Authors: Foss James
Published: August 2024

Knowledge of science and engineering practices remain a priority in the U.S. (NASEM, 2021) and internationally (Allen et al., 2021). Moreover, scientific thinking is recognized as necessary for a healthy and equitable society (NASEM, 2021). This positions educators to prepare students with a scientific skill set via complex methods (NSTA, 2020), yet research documents elementary teachers lack confidence in their training and knowledge necessary to teach science (Nowikowski, 2017). Therefore, pre-service training is an ideal context to introduce a practical heuristic for thinking critically about science instruction. Epistemic education recently established new directions to support teachers to engage in critical evaluation of knowledge that results in action. The construct of epistemic reflexivity offers a pathway to improving views of knowledge and interactions with knowing (Lunn Brownlee, Feucht, & Schraw, 2017). The extant record has not yet explored preservice teachers use of this conceptual frame for critical thinking. This paper reports the results of a pilot study where teacher candidates in a baccalaureate level teacher induction program engaged in epistemic reflexivity to consider the relationship between how knowledge is developed in science by experts and how these ideas may influence how children are taught. This was done through written prompts based on constructs from the (3R-EC) framework for epistemic reflexivity developed by Lunn Brownlee et al. (2019).
Laser de Baixa Potência como Terapia Protagonista em Alodinia Facial: Relato de Caso
Authors: Barbosa Stefany , Flores Francieli da Silva , Santos Anderson Maikon de Souza , Silva Mirela Caroline , Paludetto Letycia Carpaneji , Ragghianti Matheus Henrique Faccioli , Ávila Souza Francisley , Garcia Júnior Idelmo Rangel , Bassi Ana Paula Farnezi , Faverani Leonardo Perez
Published: August 2024

A alodinia é uma dor evocada por um estímulo inócuo, e pode ser causada por lesões no sistema de transmissão ou por danos do sistema de modulação, como hematomas após trauma em face, que podem agir com efeito de massa comprimindo terminações nervosas. A terapia com laser de baixa potência ou fotobiomodulação (FBM) é um método não invasivo e recomendado para dor e regeneração tecidual devido ao seu efeito biomodulador. O presente caso vem relatar o papel da laserterapia no tratamento de alodinia. Mulher de 30 anos que reportou dor exacerbada na região infraorbital e zigomática direita sem melhora, 13 dias após um acidente motociclístico. Ao exame físico notou-se hematoma na região infraorbitária e zigomática direita, e hiposfagma em olho direito, sem sinais clínicos e radiográficos de fratura em ossos da face. Realizou-se drenagem intraoral de hematoma, com prescrição de antibióticos e analgésicos, mantendo o dreno por 3 dias. No retorno para remoção do dreno e reavaliação, a paciente relatou pouca melhora na dor, após um novo exame notou-se que toda a região inervada pelo nervo infraorbital estava em um quadro de alodinia, de modo que qualquer toque sutil na região gerava uma intensa sensação dolorosa. A terapia com laser de baixa potência foi iniciado, por meio da luz infravermelha (808 nm, 100Mw, 28 segundos e 2,8 J por ponto), além da prescrição de complexo vitamínico B. Após duas sessões de laserterapia, a paciente referiu significativa melhora clínica, com redução da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) de 10 para 6. Apresentou melhora progressiva ao longo das sessões, com completa resolução da dor após 1 mês. Portanto, a fotobiomodulação mostrou ser uma terapia efetiva na resolução da alodinia facial e dever ser aplicado na clínica diária.
Screening Subtropical Lettuce Accessions for Heat Tolerance by Incorporating Accelerated Shelf Life Testing
Authors: Belisle Catherine E. , Sandoya Germán V. , Kreutz Gustavo F. , Sargent Steven A.
Published: August 2024

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is grown worldwide, from temperate to subtropical climates. Spring season production in humid, subtropical regions, such as southern Florida, is characterized by rising ambient temperatures that can stress lettuce to prematurely bolt and lose shelf life. The objectives of this research were 1) to identify genetic variability in heat tolerance and shelf life among lettuce types and accessions grown under humid, subtropical conditions, and 2) to understand the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction to estimate shelf life of these lettuce accessions. Five lettuce types (romaine, crisphead, butterhead, leaf, and Latin) were grown under commercial conditions in the Everglades Agricultural Area near Belle Glade, FL, USA, for five field experiments over two seasons. Lettuce heads were evaluated at harvest, and subsets were transported to a local commercial grower/shipper for vacuum-cooling and storage at 15 °C according to previously determined protocols for accelerated shelf life testing. Visual appearance ratings were made across harvests and storage time points to segregate lettuce accessions with an estimated marketable shelf life >14 days. The breeding lines tested in this research had head weight and marketability comparable to commercial cultivars. Notably, the crisphead accessions 50113, 60157, 60159, and H1098 had the highest estimated and actual shelf life of more than 21 days, with no presence of bolting or tipburn. Meanwhile, romaine, butterhead, leaf, and Latin types had accessions with estimated and actual shelf life ranging from 14 to 28 days and no presence of bolting or tipburn. A G × E analysis indicated that this interaction is significant; therefore, breeders should consider analyzing G × E when developing new cultivars with good horticultural characteristics, longer shelf life, and most importantly, adaptation to warmer humid, subtropical conditions.
Influence of Controlled Condition Ice Encasement of Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass on Plant Recovery, Gas Evolution, and Metabolites
Authors: Gendjar Megan , Chalise Devendra Prasad , Beaudry Randolph , Merewitz Emily
Published: August 2024

Two cool-season putting green turfgrass species, annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass, are differential in ice encasement tolerance. Physiological mechanisms associated with creeping bentgrass ice encasement tolerance and annual bluegrass susceptibility are not understood. The objectives were to evaluate oxygen, ethylene, and CO2 content within the upper soil space of the plants while frozen and immediately after ice melt after 0, 5, 10, 20, and 28 days of ice encasement (2.54 cm of ice) in growth chamber conditions. Following ice melt, plant samples were separated into leaf, crown, and root tissues and used to evaluate carbohydrate and amino acid content. Annual bluegrass exhibited higher damage (slower recovery rates) on most sampling days compared with creeping bentgrass. The organs that were most damaged and exhibited a differential principal component analysis snapshot, were the leaf and crown tissues. Creeping bentgrass may preserve leaf and crown tissues for postwinter recovery whereas significant metabolic changes occur in annual bluegrass leaves and crowns. Creeping bentgrass retained total amino acids in leaves following ice encasement whereas total leaf amino acid levels declined in annual bluegrass. Specific carbohydrates and amino acids such as the ability to maintain high levels of fructose, asparagine, and proline may be important indicators of the tolerance to ice encasement stress. On the basis of more prominent carbohydrate and amino acid loss in leaves and crowns and higher levels of CO2 evolution, annual bluegrass may exhibit a higher metabolism and/or tissue damage during ice encasement compared with creeping bentgrass, which could reduce spring recuperative potential.
Genome-wide Identification and Functional Analyses of the 5-O-Glucosyltransferase Family Reveal Its Potential Roles in Anthocyanidin Diglucosides Synthesis of Grape Skins with Vitis amurensis Pedigree
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chen Yunhua , Liu Yunqing , Li Dandan , Yang Yiming , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Yunting , Wang Mingjie , Xu Jingyu , Hu Xixi
Published: August 2024

Vitis amurensis grape cultivars and hybrids are mainly used to make wines in Northeast Asia with a cold winter. Anthocyanidin glucosylation at 5-O position catalyzed by 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) in grape skins is crucial for color stability of red wines. To study 5GT functions in anthocyanidin diglucosides synthesis of V. amurensis, 20 5GTs were preliminarily identified from a genome-wide characterization of the UDP-glycosyltransferase family according to the reported 5GTs, which were also performed phylogenetic and bioinformatics analysis. Two important 5GTs, Vitvi0900582.t01 and Vitvi05g01269.t01, were screened through analyses of anthocyanidin diglucosides accumulation and gene expression in berry skins of three representative grape cultivars with significant differences in anthocyanin glycosylation. Fourteen alleles of each of the 5GTs were cloned from 14 V. amurensis cultivars and hybrids as well as from V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and sequence analysis and functional prediction were performed. From three perspectives of phenotype, transcriptional level, and genotype, it has been found that the functional allele at the Vitvi0900582.t01 locus of Chr 9 played a decisive role in the synthesis of abundant anthocyanidin diglucosides in V. amurensis. In addition, the trace anthocyanidin diglucosides detected in V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ were led by the functional allele at the Vitvi05g01269.t01 locus of Chr 5. This study provides preliminary data for further research on the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanidin diglucosides in the grapes with the V. amurensis pedigree to improve their wine quality in future breeding efforts.
Transcriptome Profiles Reveal That Phytohormone Signal Transduction-related Genes Involved in Regulating Xenia in Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Yang Qin , Xu Zhichao , Gao Zhihong
Published: August 2024

Blueberries are small perennial evergreen or deciduous shrub berries of the genus Vaccinium in Ericaceae family. Pollination with different parental genotypes has significant effects on fruit size, fruit harvest time, fruit firmness, and chemical composition, such as soluble solids, titratable acids, anthocyanins, fructose, sucrose, glucose, flavonoids, and total phenols, showing an evident xenia effect. To understand the molecular mechanism and biosynthetic pathways involved in the xenia effect in rabbiteye blueberry, we employed transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during fruit development of the variety ‘Premier’ produced by self and cross-pollination with ‘Brightwell’ and ‘Powderblue’. On the basis of the transcriptomic sequences, DEGs related to plant hormone signal transduction were identified through bioinformatics analysis, screening of DEGs, and functional enrichment analysis. The results showed that the single fruit weight and the contents of anthocyanins fructose, glucose, and sucrose showed significant differences between self- and cross-pollinated fruits, demonstrating a distinct xenia effect. High-throughput sequencing was conducted on the transcriptomes of young fruits harvested at six developmental stages (at 10-day intervals from 40 to 90 days after self- and cross-pollination). After screening and identification, 16.37 million to 25.52 million raw reads were generated and 4,937,201,302 to 7,709,896,920 clean bases were obtained. The comparison group of 80-day-old fruits generated through self-pollinated ‘Premier’ and those crossed with ‘Brightwell’ (PBR-80 vs. PPR-80) showed the largest number of DEGs (6377), of which 3052 were upregulated and 3325 were downregulated. Through further screening, 174 DEGs were found related to plant hormone signal transduction, comprising 147 known genes and 27 new genes and that 76 genes were downregulated and 98 genes were upregulated. Of the eight DEGs randomly selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction verification, their expression patterns were consistent with those revealed by high-throughput sequencing. The results elucidated the underlying mechanism of xenia, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation for the targeted breeding, quality control, and improvement of economic benefits of blueberry, which are of important theoretical value and practical significance.
Determinants of Tobacco Use among Immigrant Workers Around a University in South India – A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Swati Roy Arora , Roy Kallol
Published: August 2024

Background: According to the global adult tobacco survey – prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in India is highest in the world and 60% of tobacco users in India currently use SLT products. The prevalence of SLT use among women in Karnataka is 14.7%, among immigrant women daily wage workers is 87.2%. There is paucity of information about tobacco consumption among females, especially which calls for an urgent need to address the issue. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine underlying factors which initiated SLT use and their knowledge levels about its ill effects among immigrant daily wage workers in a University setting of South India. Settings and Design: This was a qualitative study conducted at office sites (n = 6) within University Premises of Manipal, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The focus group and interview guides were semi-structure in nature and developed in the context of a guide to a conversation/discussion. It covered all research questions that could be answered by this qualitative approach. Statistical Analysis: Thematic analysis was used to report and interpret the findings. Results and Conclusion: A total of six focus group discussion’s (n = 55 participants) and 20 in-depth interview’s (n = 20 participants) were conducted. Themes emerged – “Factors for uptake of SLT use,” “Poor knowledge on adverse effects of SLT use,” “Easy Availability and Accessibility,” and “Thoughts and Suggestions on quitting.” Reappraising social determinants in access to tobacco prevention and cessation support services to migrant construction workers may be a promising strategy to reduce health harms of SLT use.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure in Turkish Female University Students
Authors: Comert Tugba Kucukkasap , Turker Duygu , Ugurlu Meltem , Adiguzel Kubra Tel , Saunders Jessica F. , Fitzsimmons Craft Ellen
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Body comparison intervention may be a key way of preventing the risk of eating disorders; however, no validated measure exists to evaluate this construct in Turkey. This study translates the body, eating, and exercise comparison orientation measure (BEECOM) into the Turkish language and assesses its reliability and validity among Turkish university students.Methods: This study was conducted with 388 female university students in a single center in Ankara, Turkey, between November 2018 and March 2019. Participants with a diagnosis or history of eating disorders were excluded. Reliability, validity, and test-retest relationships were examined. Cronbach’s alpha analysis was performed to evaluate reliability and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine the test-retest reliability. The validity of the scale was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the BEECOM was 0.841 and the test-retest reliability was 0.716. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 0.828) and satisfactory model fit statistics (RMSEA = 0.000, GFI = 0.991) were sufficient. When the confirmatory factor analyses are examined, all subscales, body, eating, and exercise, are statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Turkish version of the BEECOM is a valid and reliable measurement and can be used to investigate social comparisons related to body, eating, and exercise among Turkish women.
Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties from Piper peepuloides Roxb and Piper schmidtii Hook. F. – An in vitro Approach
Authors: Kumar S. Vishnu , Jemima D.K. , Dharani S. , Bharathi G. Divya , Narayanan N. , Priyadharshini G.
Published: August 2024

In this article, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Piper peepuloides and Piper schmidtii are discussed. The study was focused on the secondary metabolites, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of the extracts from the successive solvent extractions. The ethanol extract of P. peepuloides was the most active in the total phenolic (783.91 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/100 g extract), tannin (597.81 mg GAE/100 g extract), and flavonoid (52.23 mg RE/100 g extract). Ethanol extract of leaves responded well against diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC5010.16 μg/mL), ABTS (55763.89 μg TE/g extract), superoxide (42.94%), and phosphomolybdenum (751.46 mg AAE/100 g extract) antioxidant assays. The P. schmidtii leaf extract was found to be good at getting rid of free radicals. The ethanol extract of P. peepuloides leaves also had a lot of antioxidant power. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the ethanol extract of P. peepuloides showed a high level of inhibition (69.59%). P. peepuloides and P. schmidtii leaf extracts have a lot of antioxidant power and could be used as a good source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammation.
Conceptual Analysis of Marma Related to Shalakya Tantra - A Review and its Anatomical Significance
Authors: Satyavati Satyavati , Fiaz Shamsa , Hanifa Nasreen
Published: August 2024

Background: Ayurveda the ancient a science of life deals with all aspects of human life in a complex way. The knowledge of the Marmas or vital parts is explained in the Sharira Sthana chapter in the three major texts (Samhita) such as Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata. All Acharyas emphasized on the Marmas but Acharya Sushruta has described them in detail. Marma vigyana is one of Ayurveda’s unique theories wherein there is direct stimulation of Prana at Marma Stana. The body’s Urdhvajatrugata Bhaga with respect to Shalakya Tantra has numerous Marma, which is crucial anatomical places located above the clavicle since damage to this area could be fatal to the body and its sensory organs. Methods: The data for this study were gathered from classical Ayurvedic texts, publications of research work, and review articles from indexed journals. Results: Systematic review revealed thorough understanding of anatomical basis of Marmas related to Shalakya Tantra and its potential applications in clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic fields. Conclusion: Based on this literature review, it can be concluded that knowledge of regional anatomy allows better understanding of lesions with Marma since Shalakya Marmas can prove to be fatal if not dealt with utmost care.
A Study to Assess the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults of Age 18–30 Years in Vengara Panchayath of Malappuram District, Kerala
Authors: Parangodath Asif Asfan , Payyappallimana Unnikrishnan
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit India in 2020. The first case of infection was reported in the State of Kerala on January 27, 2020, and the continuous surge of cases, variants of concern, lockdown restrictions, social distancing, and economic impacts were increasingly testing the psychological resilience of the masses. When the global focus has been chiefly on testing, preventing transmission, and vaccination, people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to their current lifestyles and fear of the disease. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted using principles of convenience sampling and by invitation through text messages to participants. The survey collected data on socio-demographic details and specific incidents that triggered participants’ mental health and measured psychological impact with the help of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scale. Results: There were 275 responses from the Vengara Panchayath of Malappuram district, Kerala. The respondents’ ages ranged from 18 to 30. Overall, 93.54% of respondents had an extended psychological impact (IES-R score>24). Using the Chi-square test, there is no significant association between the demographic variables and the psychological impacts of COVID-19. Financial hardship during COVID-19 triggered respondents’ mental health (Male-62.67%, Female-58.4%). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic in India, almost one-third of respondents had a significant psychological impact. This shows a need for a more longitudinal and systematic assessment of the psychological needs of the population, which can help the government formulate holistic interventions for affected individuals.
The Perception of Medical Students on the Usefulness of the Respiratory Ventilatory Augmented Reality (ResVAR) Application for Learning the Respiratory System
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Saat Azmah , Rahmat Rahmita Wirza O.K. ,   Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Ab Razak Nur Izah ,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Abas Razif ,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd. Thani Suryati ,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2024

Augmented reality (AR) is a revolutionary technology with potential educational applications. When contemplating use of AR applications in educational settings, the ease of use of the application should be considered. Here we assessed students’ perceptions regarding use of the Respiratory Ventilatory Augmented Reality (ResVAR) application in the context of learning a respiratory module. Clinical and preclinical students enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) participated in a cross-sectional study. Study participants were first- to fifthyear medical students at UPM who were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A total of 173 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Data for the responses in this descriptive study were analysed using SPSS version 27. The data indicated that nearly all preclinical students (97%) and clinical students (94%) found the ResVAR are easy to use. In addition, nearly all preclinical students (98%) and most clinical students (88%) found the ResVAR are easy to read and understand. Nearly all (98% and 96% of clinical students and preclinical students, respectively) could use the application’s tools on their own and nearly all (98% of preclinical students and 99% of clinical students) said that the application helped them learn more about the respiratory system. About 88% of clinical students and 98% of preclinical students said that the ResVAR helped them better focus on the subject, and in turn they gained a better understanding and image of the respiratory system. The large majority of students (almost 96% of preclinical students and 86% of clinical students) said that the ResVAR could increase the likelihood that they would pass a test about the respiratory system. Overall, both preclinical and clinical students thought that the ResVAR was a useful teaching tool that helped them better understand the respiratory system. The findings of this study suggest that integration of the ResVAR and other similar applications and software into medical curricula could yield significant advantages for students in terms of enhanced comprehension and study of the respiratory system.