bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização de fitólitos de plantas e assembleias modernas de solo da caatinga como referência para reconstituições paleoambientais
Authors: Coe Heloisa Helena Gomes , Ricardo Sarah Fricks , Sousa Leandro De Oliveira Furtado de , Dias Raphaella Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

A Caatinga, quarto domínio fitogeográfico brasileiro em número de espécies de angiospermas, é composta por um mosaico de florestas secas e vegetação arbustiva, com enclaves de florestas úmidas montanas e cerrados. Entretanto, é o segundo bioma brasileiro com menos áreas protegidas e com poucos estudos paleoambientais. Buscando contribuir para a discussão sobre a evolução deste bioma durante o Quaternário, foram escolhidos como indicadores os fitólitos. Por ser um trabalho pioneiro com esse tipo de proxy na região, foi necessário investigar primeiro se as plantas da Caatinga produzem bastante fitólitos e se os mesmos se preservam nos solos. Foram coletadas na Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional amostras de 33 plantas de 16 famílias e 5 amostras superficiais de solo (Assembleias Modernas) sob diferentes formações vegetais (AM1 Caatinga Arbustiva Aberta, AM 2 Floresta de Caatinga Média, AM3 Floresta de Caatinga Alta, AM4 Floresta Ciliar e AM5 Caatinga Arbustiva Densa), para servir de referência para futuros trabalhos com assembleias fósseis. Constatamos que as plantas da Caatinga produzem uma grande quantidade e variedade de fitólitos, predominando os traqueídeos, poliédricos, globular granulate e tricomas. Foi encontrado um bom grau de preservação dos fitólitos, variando nos tipos e na quantidade de acordo com a vegetação sobrejacente e a granulometria do solo. A assembleia com maior quantidade de fitólitos classificáveis foi AM3 e a com menor porcentagem foi a AM1. Os maiores estoques de fitólitos foram encontrados nas AM 3, 2 e 5, e os menores nas 1 e 4. Os morfotipos fitolíticos predominantes foram o globular granulate, globular echinate e elongate, o que é esperado nesse tipo de vegetação. Os índices fitolíticos D/P (0,6 a 15), Bi (50 a 78%), Iph (53 a 87%) e Pa/P (0,1 a 8,9) são compatíveis com os tipos de formação vegetal analisados. Os fitólitos se mostraram ferramentas promissoras para o melhor conhecimento da vegetação da região, bem como para estudos paleoambientais no bioma.
Editorial volume 08 número 02
Authors: Angulo Rodolfo José
Published: February 2018

O presente volume contém os primeiros trabalhos aceitos para publicação referentes à chamada realizada através do XVI Congresso da Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Quaternário. A chamada redundou em significativo aumento das submissões à revista, pelo que os editores agradecem a Comissão Organizadora do Congresso.Os artigos foram e continuam sendo avaliados por parecerias ad hoc, e serão publicados na sequencia de sua aprovação, nas respectivas seções temáticas.
Efeito de reservatório marinho na costa do Brasil
Authors: Macario Kita , Alves Eduardo Queiroz
Published: February 2018

Em estudos cronológicos de processos ocorridos nos últimos 50 mil anos, a datação de carbono 14 é a abordagem mais utilizada em todo o mundo. Para permitir a correta interpretação das idades obtidas, faz-se necessária a calibração dos resultados com base em um robusto banco de dados produzido pela comunidade científica na área de radiocarbono. A calibração objetiva, principalmente, considerar as variações na produção e distribuição do 14C ao longo do tempo e, no caso do ambiente marinho, corrigir ainda que parcialmente o Efeito de Reservatório Marinho (Marine Reservoir Effect – MRE). De fato, dado que a magnitude do fenômeno aumenta com a profundidade e varia espacialmente em função da dinâmica oceânica, a simples calibração com uma curva marinha global é incapaz de lidar com a real variabilidade do efeito, rendendo resultados não acurados. Desse modo, considera-se também umacorreção local, denominada ΔR, com valores disponíveis na literatura para diversas regiões do globo. Assim, no procedimento que é atualmente o padrão adotado em estudos cronológicos, a correção local para o MRE antecede a calibração de uma idade de 14C marinha com a curva global. Aqui objetivamoselencar os valores de ΔR disponíveis para a costa brasileira, mostrando o impacto causado na calibração das idades de radiocarbono e a importância desse tipo de correção para estudos cronológicos baseados na datação de 14C de material marinho. Discutimos, finalmente, os problemas causados pela falta oupelo uso equivocado dessa correção
Psychopharmacological Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Naval Military Subjects
Authors: Diaz Perez Anderson , Aragón Elvis Eliana Pinto , Cataño Carmenza Leonor Mendoza , Rubio Moraima del Toro , Navarro-Quiroz Elkin
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric syndrome known since 1980 with multiple names in the military field. Its etiology is multicausal, whose predominant factor is the lack of adaptation and managing with events considered traumatic. Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics such as the type of psychological and pharmacological treatment received by the naval military with diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at the Psychiatric Unit of Cartagena’s Naval Hospital.METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study with an associative approach (Crosstabulation). The sample was 242 navy subjects with PTSD diagnosis. The information was collected with a data collection form of medical records. The information analysis was developed through the program SPSS ® 21.0. Chi2 and value of p≤0.05 calculation was applied through the crossing of variables.RESULTS: The most prevalent type of traumatic event was the one represented by combat with the presence of depressive disorders and anxiety with a value of p≤0.05.CONCLUSIONS: The PTSD severity is related to the severity of the event, in addition if the trumatic event was repetitive.
Household Water Supply Strategies in Urban Bandung, Indonesia: Findings and Implications for Future Water Access Reporting
Authors: Muntalif Barti Setiani , Nastiti Anindrya , Roosmini Dwina , Sudradjat Arief , Meijerink Sander V. , Smits Antoine J.M.
Published: February 2018

Through structured interviews and statistical analyses, this study investigated access to water and strategies of 1227 vulnerable households in Bandung, Indonesia. The use of mixed water sources, household water treatment, and home storage suggest low trust in improved sources, and compromised safety and reliability of water. While official statistics suggest a high level of access to improved water sources, full-time access to such sources is overestimated. Integration of user behavior into the new monitoring approach for the water supply sector in the post-2015 development framework is proposed.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: February 2018

Erin AndersonSarah CarterShaina DestineAbbey ElderRosalie GartnerJasmine KirbyTurner MaslandCaitlin MoriartyRosie RoweHilary SmithKaitlin SpringmierCara StonePeter SuttonWesley TealMary WegmannRyan WolfslayerCharles YierZachary M. Baker
Washington Hotline
Authors: Baker Gavin
Published: February 2018

Legislation would bring greater access to research and dataOPEN Government Data ActCongressional Research Service reportsFair access to Science and Technology Research Act
Significados divergentes de lo “popular”. Sarmiento, Sastre y sus aliados en la educación primaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante el período liberal temprano (1852-1872)
Authors: Caruso Marcelo , Rodríguez Wehrmeister Marco
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo analiza las cambiantes políticas escolares de la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre la caída del régimen de Juan Manuel de Rosas en1852 y la consolidación de lineamientos curriculares para las escuelas de la ciudad en 1872. Las políticas escolares locales fueron erráticas, incluso conflictivas, en sus prioridades y estuvieron signadas por diversos grupos de actores sociales y educativos. Se interpretan las diversas estrategias y la creciente formación de facciones en la administración escolar local como resultado de un posicionamiento diferenciado de estos actores en torno a la cuestión de los significados de lo «popular», significados que afectaban tanto la esfera política como la esfera educativa. En este marco, la fracción liberal en torno a Sarmiento mantuvo una fuerte politicidad de lo popular, lo cual incluyó tanto una fuerte confianza en la participación social en la regulación y el mejoramiento de las escuelas como una preocupación consecuente por la expansión escolar. Una fracción diferenciada, ligada al liberalismo católico y que tuvo en el escritor y pedagogo Marcos Sastre su figura central, planteaba una visión distante de lo popular en relación al campo de la educación y se centró en cuestiones técnico-pedagógicas más que políticas.
Sujetos sociales, escuelas y comunidades rurales. Disputas de poder en el escenario de la campaña bonaerense (1810-1875)
Authors: Lionetti Lucía
Published: February 2018

¿Qué tipo de escuelas existieron en una sociedad de frontera signada por la ruralidad, la inestabilidad política y un fluido contacto inter e intra étnico? ¿Con qué propósitos fue pensada esa escolarización y que lugar ocupó en la conformación del orden político? ¿Qué tipo de relaciones se entretejieron entre las autoridades civiles, religiosas, los vecinos y preceptores? Estos interrogantes son los disparadores a partir de los cuales se analiza la presencia de las escuelas elementales en la campaña bonaerense (provincia de Buenos Aires) en el siglo xix. Bajo la iniciativa de extender la marca civilizadora de la alfabetización, sobre un mundo percibido como bárbaro y salvaje que habría promovido la «ruralización de la política », se proyectó esa voluntad alfabetizadora. Los conflictos, dificultades, tipos de prácticas educativas y el perfil de los preceptores serán explorados a partir de una valiosa bibliografía en diálogo con los repositorios documentales consultados —archivos locales, prensa y documentos oficiales—. Esa escolarización rural —antes de que se conformara en la provincia el sistema de educación común, gratuito y obligatorio en 1875—  puso en evidencia las tensiones pero también los acuerdos entre esa sociedad y sus «costumbres en común» y un orden político estatal que buscó consolidarse en la provincia.
Las lecciones de Tersites. Semblanza de una vida y una época, 1951-2016.
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Gustavo
Published: February 2018

Reseña del libro de Raimundo Cuesta Fernández, Las lecciones de Tersites. Semblanza de una vida y una época, 1951-2016.
La Escuela Azul de Falange española de las J.O.N.S. Un proyecto fascista desmantelado por implosión
Authors: Canales Serrano Antonio Francisco
Published: February 2018

Reseña del libro de José Ramón López Bausela, La Escuela Azul de Falange  española de las J.O.N.S. Un proyecto fascista desmantelado por implosión
Las cláusulas suelo: un problema de transparencia y entendimiento
Authors: Pérez Vázquez Francisco María
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de las cláusulas suelo desde el momento en que su repercusión social lo hace recalar en el Senado hasta la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, de 25 de marzo de 2015. La síntesis efectuada ha recogido la interpretación realizada por la doctrina científica sobre disposiciones legales vigentes, en particular, la problemática originada por concretas modificaciones legislativas como consecuencia de la transposición de la Directiva 93/13/CEE al ordenamiento jurídico español. El tratamiento del asunto sería incompleto sin considerar la función y la doctrina vinculante del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) generada mediante el mecanismo de las cuestiones prejudiciales. El trabajo recoge los pronunciamientos más notorios de nuestros juzgados y audiencias, de cuya meritoria labor conjunta puede afirmarse, sin tacha de exageración, que ha producido el análisis de todo lo discutible, desde el punto de vista formal como material. Con la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo (TS) sobre la transparencia de las cláusulas suelo y la valoración que dicha construcción ha merecido a las voces más autorizadas pondremos fin a esta labor.The current work deals with the issue of floor clauses from the moment when it reaches the Senate, due to its social repercussions, until the High Court sentence March 25th 2015. The synthesis that has been carried out reflects the interpretation made by the most competent authorities doctrine about the current legal provisions, especially the problems caused by specific legal modifications and as consequence of the transposition of the EC Directive 93/13 to the Spanish legal system. The treatment of this matter would be incomplete if we don´t take into account the function and binding doctrine of the European Union Court of Justice, generated by the mechanics of preliminary issues. This work compiles the most remarkable pronouncements of our judges and magistrates whose commendable combined task can be said without exageration to have produced a complete analysis of every arguable matter from the formal point of view as well as from the material one. We will finish this work with the High Court doctrine about the transparency of floor clauses and the assesment that the most authorised voice have made about this.
Breve estudio comparado de la democracia participativa en Colombia y España
Authors: Ramírez Nárdiz Alfredo
Published: February 2018

La democracia participativa es una de las áreas más destacadas del Derecho en el presente. Su estudio comparado es de gran importancia para la comprensión de las instituciones de las que se compone en cada país. El presente texto analiza la regulación, principal jurisprudencia y fundamental práctica de la democracia participativa en Colombia y España desde la aprobación de sus Constituciones de 1991 y 1978. El objetivo es determinar los puntos en común y las diferencias entre ambos países y exponer los motivos de los mismos. Se concluye que, si bien la regulación colombiana es notablemente más rica que la española, sin embargo, la práctica de ambos países es igualmente escasa, siendo los motivos similares en algunos casos (regulación exigente) y distintos en otros (situación sociopolítica).Participatory democracy is one of the most outstanding Law areas nowadays. Its compared study has a special relevance for the better understanding of the institutions that has in each country. This paper analyses on that way the regulation, main jurisprudence and essential practice of the participatory democracy both in Colombia and Spain from the approval of their Constitutions of 1991 and 1978. The objective is to determinate the points in common, as well as the differences between both countries and to expose the reasons. It is concluded that, if Colombian regulation is notably richer than the Spanish one, however, the practice in both countries is equally limited, being the reasons similar in some cases (exigent regulation) and different in others (socio-politic situation).
Tratamiento jurídico de un binomio cohesionado en la nueva ley orgánica de protección de seguridad ciudadana; identificación y documentoscopia
Authors: Guillén Pérez Valentín , Prieto González Javier
Published: February 2018

La nueva regulación de la Ley Orgánica 4/2015, de 30 de marzo, de Protección de Seguridad Ciudadana, constituye, para la ciencia de la documentoscopia, una antesala jurídico-legal que facilitará a los funcionarios policiales examinar las medidas de seguridad de un documento identificativo, con el propósito de evitar, o más bien detectar, un fraude en el tráfico jurídico fiduciario. Por todo lo cual, el presente artículo, va a centrar su atención en la cohesión de la disciplina de la documentoscopia con los aspectos más controvertidos que contiene esta nueva Ley Orgánica concernientes a la práctica de la identificación, al traslado a efectos de identificación, y a la exhibición de un documento. En este sentido, el propósito esencial de este estudio no es otro sino para que las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad una vez requieran la identificación a un ciudadano, consigan, de forma eficaz e inequívoca, conocer la verdadera identidad del sometido a dicha práctica, guardando el justo equilibrio conque garantizar la protección de sus derechos fundamentales.The new regulation of Organic Law 4/2015, of 30 March, on the Protection of Citizen Security, constitutes, for the science of the documents, a prior legal step that will facilitate the police officers to examine the security measures of an identification document, with the purpose of avoiding, or rather detecting, a fraud in the fiduciary legal traffic. Therefore, the present paper will focus on the cohesion of the discipline of document examination with the most controversial aspects contained in this new Organic Law concerning the practice of identification, the transfer for identification purposes, and the documentary exhibition. In this sense, the essential purpose of this study is none other than for the Security Forces and Bodies once they require the identification of a citizen, to obtain, in an effective and unequivocal way, to know the true identity of the subject to that practice, keeping the right balance to ensure the protection of their fundamental rights.
El Tratado Trasatlántico de Comercio e Inversión: sus implicaciones en el ámbito del derecho a la protección de la salud
Authors: Pernas Elena , Marcos Ana María
Published: February 2018

El TTIP es un Tratado Internacional que pretende armonizar las legislaciones, europea y estadounidense, así como rebajar los aranceles y liberalizar los mercados. Prevé también la implantación de un mecanismo de Solución de Controversias entre Inversores y Estados. Sin embargo, existe una total opacidad tanto en las negociaciones como en el articulado, que sólo se conocen por filtraciones. La firma de este Tratado supondrá la privatización de servicios públicos, como la sanidad, el menoscabo de derechos sociales, laborales y ambientales y la pérdida de soberanía por parte de los Estados. El camino de este Tratado comenzó a mediados de la década de 1990, pero no ha sido hasta los últimos diez años cuando las negociaciones han tomado fuerza. Ha generado una gran controversia, lo que ha conseguido retardar su aprobación. En este trabajo queremos poner de manifiesto lo que implicaría su aprobación.TTIP is an International Treaty which claims to harmonize european and american regulations, as well as reducing duties and liberalising markets. It anticipates the implementation of a mechanism of Investor-State Dispute Settlement. However, there is a total opacity both in the negotiations and in the articles, which are known only by leaks. Treaty signature will mean the privatisation of public services, such as health service, the drop of social rights, labours and ambients, and the loss of States sovereignty. The way of TTIP started on 90’s, but negotiations did not get strength until last ten years. It generates a huge controversy, which gets to delay its approval. In this paper we want to show what would imply its approval.
Measuring Conduct in the Spanish Air Transport Industry
Authors: Gundelfinger Javier , Coto-Millán Pablo
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la industria del transporte aéreo en España. Este trabajo se ha centrado en el segmento de negocio y presentamos un modelo teórico de competencia oligopolística que puede ser empíricamente probado a través de tres ecuaciones: de demanda, de cuota de mercado y de precio. Contribuimos a desarrollar la creatividad y la innovación con la elaboración de una muestra que estudia 113 rutas durante 96 quincenas (2011-2015), donde se analiza cómo reaccionan los clientes tanto a los cambios estratégicos realizados por las líneas aéreas (frecuencias, capacidad, precios) como a cambios socio-económicos. El análisis se realiza aplicando la técnica econométrica de las variables instrumentales y los resultados muestran que la competencia en este mercado se produce a la Cournot.
L´on faict sçavoir que l´on vendra. El anuncio y catálogo impreso de la subasta de pinturas del Príncipe de Portugal (Bruselas, 1670)
Authors: Bouza Fernando
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: In 1670, in Brussels, a printed advertisement announced the auction of a valuable set of a hundred paintings, property of the late Fernando Alejandro de Portugal. A printed broadside announced the sale, and included the names of the artists and titles of the works, as well as their formats and the material form of the pieces, in some cases. Therefore, the advertisement is also an auction catalogue, one of the first to be printed in early modern Europe. This article seeks to tell the story of the print history of the humble broadside as advertisement and catalogue, as well as its content and information on the owners of this extraordinary collection of paintings.

KEYWORDS: Printed Auction Advertisements; Printed Sale Catalogues; Art Collecting; Portugal-Orange Family.

RESUMEN: En 1670 se imprimía en Bruselas el anuncio de la subasta de un centenar de valiosas pinturas que habían sido propiedad de Fernando Alejandro de Portugal. El impreso contenía los nombres de los autores y los títulos de las pinturas, así como, en ocasiones, su soporte y formato. Por ello, el anuncio es también un catálogo de subasta, uno de los primeros que se imprimieron en la Europa altomoderna. El artículo intenta acercarse a la pequeña historia de la impresión del anuncio-catálogo, así como de su contenido y de los propietarios de una extraordinaria colección de pinturas.

PALABRAS CLAVES: Anuncios de subastas impresos; catálogos de venta impresos; coleccionismo artístico; familia Portugal-Orange.
O'Malley, John W. (ed.) [2015]. Art, Controversy, and the Jesuits: The “Imago Primi Saeculi” (1640)
Authors: Campa Pedro F.
Published: February 2018

Recensión del libro:

O'MALLEY, John W., S.I, [2015]. Art, Controversy, and the Jesuits: The “Imago Primi Saeculi” (1640), Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts Series 12. Philadelphia: St. Joseph’s University Press, 771 pp.
Semblanza de Víctor Infantes (Madrid, 26 enero 1950 – Torrelodones, 1 diciembre 2016)
Authors: Martínez Pereira Ana
Published: February 2018

Fue en diciembre de 2009 cuando vio la luz el primer número de la revista IMAGO. El proyecto, liderado por el presidente de la SEE, Rafael García Mahíques, contó con los consejos y sugerencias de Víctor Infantes, quien ya acudió a la reunión anual de la SEE de 2008, celebrada en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, con el borrador de un número 0 que finalmente se transformó en el número 1 de la publicación. Su compromiso con esta revista quedó reforzado con la publicación de dos trabajos en la primera y segunda entrega, y en su abierta disponibilidad para acudir a cualquier llamada. La respuesta del director de la revista ante el fallecimiento del colaborador y amigo Víctor Infantes fue también inmediata, y hoy queda reflejada en este número 9 de IMAGO dedicado a su memoria.
Yildiz, Efrem, Bravo, Nuria [2017]. El Icono: Historia, simbología y técnica
Authors: Mocholí Martínez Mª Elvira
Published: February 2018

Recensión del libro:

Yildiz, Efrem, Bravo, Nuria [2017]. El Icono: Historia, simbología y técnica, Akkad Book.
García Mahíques, Rafael (dir.) [2017]. Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana, vol. 3. Los Ángeles II. Solicitud de los Espíritus celestes
Authors: Mocholí Martínez Mª Elvira
Published: February 2018

Recensión del libro:

GARCÍA MAHÍQUES, Rafael (dir.) [2017]. Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana, vol. 3. Los Ángeles II. Solicitud de los Espíritus celestes, Madrid, Ediciones Encuentro.
SETLr: the semantic extract, transform, and load-r
Authors: McCusker James P , Chastain Katherine , Rashid Sabbir , Norris Spencer , McGuinness Deborah L
Published: February 2018

Semantic Extract, Transform, and Load-er (SETLr) is a flexible, scalable tool for providing semantic interpretations to tabular, XML, and JSON-based data from local or web files. It has been used by diverse projects and has shown to be scalable and flexible, allowing for the simplified creation of arbitrary RDF, including ontologies and nanopublications, from many different data formats. Semantic ETL scripts use best practice standards for provenance (PROV-O) and support streaming conversion for RDF transformation using the JSON-LD based templating language, JSLDT. SETLr also supports custom Python functions for remote APIs, entity resolution, external data lookup, or other tasks. We provide case studies for dynamic SETL scripts, ontology generation, and scaling to gigabytes of input and discuss the value and impact of this approach.
Biogeochemical decoupling: how, where and when?
Authors: Alvarez-Cobelas Miguel , Sánchez-Carrillo Salvador , Rojo Carmen
Published: February 2018

Research has dealt with coupling of chemical element cycles and feedback in recent years. Sometimes, this biogeochemical coupling is reversed through abiotic or biotic (including man-made) processes. It is then called biogeochemical decoupling and is a disconnection between two chemical elements whereby transformations of one affect cycling of the other, and results in asynchronical behavior of chemical elements. It appears to be more important and widespread than earlier reports suggest, and gives rise to important changes in element stoichiometry of resources. These changes in turn modify organismal stoichiometry that, if great enough, can affect biodiversity and food webs, thus altering community structure and function. Biogeochemical decoupling then impinges on ecosystem dynamics and may impair ecosystem services.
Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa , Al Dhafer Hathal M. , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. , Hita Garcia Francisco
Published: February 2018

We revise the taxonomy of the myrmicine ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group for the Arabian Peninsula. Six species are recognized: Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti, 1996, M. clavicorne André, 1881, M. exiguum Forel, 1894, M. holothir Bolton, 1987, M. mohammedi sp. n., and M. sarawatense Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013. On the basis of the worker caste, we describe Monomorium mohammedi sp. n. from the southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We designate a neotype for Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti and redescribe and illustrate the worker caste. Furthermore, we provide a worker-based species identification key, distribution maps for the treated species, and ecological and biological notes, if available. Monomorium holothir is recorded for the first time from the KSA. Also, we propose M. clavicorne var. punica Santschi, 1915a as a junior synonym of M. clavicorne, as well as M. dryhimi Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011 and M. montanum Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 to be treated as junior synonyms of Monomorium exiguum.
Unusual Differential Disease Entity of Right Lower Abdominal Pain, Ileal Diverticulitis Perforation: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Choi Pyong Wha , Joo Mee
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Small bowel diverticulum is a rare disease entity, and most cases are asymptomatic. However, diverticulitis can cause acute abdomen conditions like colonic diverticulitis. Depending on the location, various abdominal symptoms may ensue. Clinical manifestations of ileal diverticulitis may be similar to those of appendicitis and or colonic diverticulitis. Thus, making a diagnosis based on a physical examination alone may be challenging. Even though imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) may provide clues for a definite diagnosis, the majority of cases are confirmed through operation. Here, we present 3 cases of ileal diverticulitis perforation, which were not diagnosed preoperatively.

Case presentation:

A 71-year-old man, a 77-year-old woman, and a 78-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain. All 3 patients showed local peritoneal irritation signs in the right lower quadrant. Appendicitis or colonic diverticulitis was suspected, but CT scan results revealed free air and mesenteric fat infiltration around the terminal ileum, suggesting ileal perforation. During the operation in each case, terminal ileal perforation was confirmed, and ileocecal resection was performed. Subsequently, histologic examination revealed ileal diverticulitis perforation. Although the postoperative course was uneventful in the first and second patient, the third patient died of sepsis resulting from anastomosis leakage.

Conclusion:

These cases put forth unusual causes of right lower quadrant pain, which show physical findings similar to those of diverse inflammatory disease. Awareness of this disease is beneficial for making a differential diagnosis based on CT findings and eliciting prompt surgical management.
Peroxy Compounds, Organic
Authors: Uhl Agnes , Bitzer Mario , Wolf Hanno , Hermann Dominik , Gutewort Sven , Völkl Matthias , Nagl Iris
Published: February 2018

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Organic Hydroperoxides2.1.Definition2.2.Physical and Chemical Properties2.3.Production and Commercial Products3.Dialkyl Peroxides3.1.Definition3.2.Physical and Chemical Properties3.3.Production and Commercial Products4.Diacyl Peroxides4.1.Definition4.2.Physical and Chemical Properties4.3.Production and Commercial Products5.Peroxycarboxylic Acids5.1.Definition5.2.Physical and Chemical Properties5.3.Production and Commercial Products6.Peroxycarboxylic Acid Esters6.1.Definition6.2.Physical and Chemical Properties6.3.Production and Commercial Products7.Peroxycarbonates7.1.Definition7.2.Physical and Chemical Properties7.3.Production and Commercial Products8.Peroxyketals8.1.Definition8.2.Physical and Chemical Properties8.3.Production and Commercial Products9.Ketone Peroxides9.1.Definition9.2.Physical and Chemical Properties9.3.Production and Commercial Products10.Analytical Determination11.Uses11.1.Polymer Manufacture11.1.1.PVC11.1.2.LDPE (Low‐Density Polyethylene)11.1.3.cr‐PP (cr‐Polypropylene)11.1.4.PS (Polystyrene)11.1.5.Poly(meth)acrylates (PMMA)11.1.6.Others11.2.Polymer Processing11.2.1.UP Curing11.2.2.Cross‐Linking of Polymers (XL)11.3.Nonpolymer Applications12.Safety Hazards and Legal Aspects13.Transportation and Storage14.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Characterization by Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction of an Aggregate of Bridgmanite and Ferropericlase Deformed at HP‐HT
Authors: Nzogang B. C. , Bouquerel J. , Cordier P. , Mussi A. , Girard J. , Karato S.
Published: February 2018

Scanning precession electron diffraction is an emerging promising technique for mapping phases and crystal orientations with short acquisition times (10–20 ms/pixel) in a transmission electron microscope similarly to the Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) or Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) techniques in a scanning electron microscope. In this study, we apply this technique to the characterization of deformation microstructures in an aggregate of bridgmanite and ferropericlase deformed at 27 GPa and 2,130 K. Such a sample is challenging for microstructural characterization for two reasons: (i) the bridgmanite is very unstable under electron irradiation, (ii) under high stress conditions, the dislocation density is so large that standard characterization by diffraction contrast are limited, or impossible. Here we show that detailed analysis of intracrystalline misorientations sheds some light on the deformation mechanisms of both phases. In bridgmanite, deformation is accommodated by localized, amorphous, shear deformation lamellae whereas ferropericlase undergoes large strains leading to grain elongation in response to intense dislocation activity with no evidence for recrystallization. Plastic strain in ferropericlase can be semiquantitatively assessed by following kernel average misorientation distributions.
Storm Time Variation of Radiative Cooling by Nitric Oxide as Observed by TIMED‐SABER and GUVI
Authors: Bharti Gaurav , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Bag T. , Jain Puneet
Published: February 2018

The variation of O/N2 (reference to N2 column density 1017 cm−2) and nitric oxide radiative emission flux exiting the thermosphere have been studied over the Northern Hemisphere during the superstorm event of 7–12 November 2004. The data have been obtained from Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The NO radiative flux is observed to show an anti‐correlation with O/N2 on a global scale. Both NO radiative flux and O/N2 ratio show equatorward motion with maximum penetration in western longitude sectors. A local variation of O, O2, and N2 densities have been calculated using NRLMSISE‐00 model over a midlatitude location (55°N,180°E). On a local scale, model calculated O/O2 and O/N2 ratios are found to follow the observations made by GUVI. The collisional excitation of NO with atomic oxygen is the most dominant process for the total cooling rate. The SABER‐retrieved NO cooling rate (CR) at a local site suggests an enhancement during the storm period with the peak emission rate closely correlated to the progression of the storm. The peak emission altitude of NO CR moves upward during the main phase of the storm. The NO abundance has been calculated by using cooling rate and Nitric Oxide Empirical Model (NOEM) model. Both these suggest a vary large (3–15 times) increase in NO density during the storm, which is required to account the changes in NO radiative flux. A similar kind of enhancement in NO abundance is also noticed in Student Nitric Oxide Explorer observations during intense geomagnetic storms.
Seasonal Cycles of Oceanic Transports in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Gary Stefan F. , Cunningham Stuart A. , Johnson Clare , Houpert Loïc , Holliday N. Penny , Behrens Erik , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W.
Published: February 2018

The variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) may play a role in sea surface temperature predictions on seasonal to decadal time scales. Therefore, AMOC seasonal cycles are a potential baseline for interpreting predictions. Here we present estimates for the seasonal cycle of transports of volume, temperature, and freshwater associated with the upper limb of the AMOC in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic on the Extended Ellett Line hydrographic section between Scotland and Iceland. Due to weather, ship‐based observations are primarily in summer. Recent glider observations during other seasons present an opportunity to investigate the seasonal variability in the upper layer of the AMOC. First, we document a new method to quality control and merge ship, float, and glider hydrographic observations. This method accounts for the different spatial sampling rates of the three platforms. The merged observations are used to compute seasonal cycles of volume, temperature, and freshwater transports in the Rockall Trough. These estimates are similar to the seasonal cycles in two eddy‐resolving ocean models. Volume transport appears to be the primary factor modulating other Rockall Trough transports. Finally, we show that the weakest transports occur in summer, consistent with seasonal changes in the regional‐scale wind stress curl. Although the seasonal cycle is weak compared to other variability in this region, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in the Rockall Trough, roughly 0.5–1 Sv about a mean of 3.4 Sv, may account for up to 7–14% of the heat flux between Scotland and Greenland.
Diagnostic Characteristics of Submesoscale Coastal Surface Currents
Authors: Soh Hyun Sup , Kim Sung Yong
Published: February 2018

Submesoscale kinetic energy (KE) spectra and fluxes at the length scales ranging from 2 to 25 km are estimated from hourly and O(1) km‐scale coastal surface current maps observed from shore‐based high‐frequency radars off southern San Diego. The one‐dimensional wave number‐domain KE spectra of the surface currents have decay slopes between
and
at a wave number (k) of 0.5 km−1. The KE spectra exhibit anisotropy associated with anisotropic circulation, which is constrained by the shoreline and bottom bathymetry. Moreover, the KE spectra exhibit weak seasonality related to the regional submesoscale eddies and low‐frequency circulation with weak seasonal variability. The estimated KE fluxes are categorized into four cases of purely forward cascades and inverse cascades at all wave numbers, inverse‐then‐forward cascades with a single zero‐crossing within the range of wave numbers (0.04 to 0.5 km−1), and residuals, which account for approximately 33%, 39%, 19%, and 9% of the total number of realizations, respectively. An injection scale where forward enstrophy cascade and inverse energy cascade occur is estimated to be 5 to 10 km from the cases of the inverse‐then‐forward cascade, which is consistent with the length scales of the regional submesoscale eddies. Thus, the regional submesoscale processes are initiated by surface frontogenesis due to the weak seasonal low‐frequency surface circulation and topography‐related currents, then maintained by baroclinic instabilities associated with the seasonal mixed layer and O(10) km‐scale submesoscale eddies with weak seasonal variability.
Copper (I) Selenocyanate (CuSeCN) as a Novel Hole‐Transport Layer for Transistors, Organic Solar Cells, and Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wijeyasinghe Nilushi , Tsetseris Leonidas , Regoutz Anna , Sit Wai‐Yu , Fei Zhuping , Du Tian , Wang Xuhua , McLachlan Martyn A. , Vourlias George , Patsalas Panos A. , Payne David J. , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: February 2018

The synthesis and characterization of copper (I) selenocyanate (CuSeCN) and its application as a solution‐processable hole‐transport layer (HTL) material in transistors, organic light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells are reported. Density‐functional theory calculations combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to elucidate the electronic band structure, density of states, and microstructure of CuSeCN. Solution‐processed layers are found to be nanocrystalline and optically transparent (>94%), due to the large bandgap of ≥3.1 eV, with a valence band maximum located at −5.1 eV. Hole‐transport analysis performed using field‐effect measurements confirms the p‐type character of CuSeCN yielding a hole mobility of 0.002 cm2 V−1 s−1. When CuSeCN is incorporated as the HTL material in organic light‐emitting diodes and organic solar cells, the resulting devices exhibit comparable or improved performance to control devices based on commercially available poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate as the HTL. This is the first report on the semiconducting character of CuSeCN and it highlights the tremendous potential for further developments in the area of metal pseudohalides.
Acute Oral Administration of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Increases Intestinal Permeability and Inflammatory Responses: Association with the Changes in Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Chen Hanqing , Zhao Ruifang , Wang Bing , Zheng Lingna , Ouyang Hong , Wang Hailong , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhang Dan , Chai Zhifang , Zhao Yuliang , Feng Weiyue
Published: February 2018

With the increasing production and widespread potential applications of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the possible impacts of oral administration of SWCNTs on gastrointestinal tract at currently occupational exposure limits and potential biomedical applications should be concerned. To address the concerns, mice are orally administrated of SWCNTs at doses of 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 mg kg−1 body weight per day for 7 d. The investigation shows that SWCNT treatment had promoted intestinal injuries at the acute dose of 2.5 mg kg−1 per day, including increase of histological lesion scores, intestinal permeability, and proinflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) secretion. Analysis of gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach reveals that acute oral administration of SWCNTs induces significant shifts of the predominant microbe phyla from Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increases abundance of proinflammatory bacteria Alitipes_uncultured_bacterium and Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4. These notable findings suggest that SWCNT‐induced intestinal injury is linked to SWCNT interaction with intestinal tract and gut bacteria and the consequent triggering of “metabolic inflammation” responses. Furthermore, the study has shown that oral administration of carbon nanomaterials, including SWCNTs, multiwalled CNTs, and graphene oxide, can lead to different inflammatory responses and specific alteration in gut microbiota in mice.
Self‐Assembly of Enzyme‐Like Nanofibrous G‐Molecular Hydrogel for Printed Flexible Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Zhong Ruibo , Tang Qian , Wang Shaopeng , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Feng , Xiao Mingshu , Man Tiantian , Qu Xiangmeng , Li Li , Zhang Weijia , Pei Hao
Published: February 2018

Conducting hydrogels provide great potential for creating designer shape‐morphing architectures for biomedical applications owing to their unique solid–liquid interface and ease of processability. Here, a novel nanofibrous hydrogel with significant enzyme‐like activity that can be used as “ink” to print flexible electrochemical devices is developed. The nanofibrous hydrogel is self‐assembled from guanosine (G) and KB(OH)4 with simultaneous incorporation of hemin into the G‐quartet scaffold, giving rise to significant enzyme‐like activity. The rapid switching between the sol and gel states responsive to shear stress enables free‐form fabrication of different patterns. Furthermore, the replication of the G‐quartet wires into a conductive matrix by in situ catalytic deposition of polyaniline on nanofibers is demonstrated, which can be directly printed into a flexible electrochemical electrode. By loading glucose oxidase into this novel hydrogel, a flexible glucose biosensor is developed. This study sheds new light on developing artificial enzymes with new functionalities and on fabrication of flexible bioelectronics.
Hybrid Perovskites: Prospects for Concentrator Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Qianqian , Wang Zhiping , Snaith Henry J. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M.
Published: February 2018

Perovskite solar cells have shown a meteoric rise of power conversion efficiency and a steady pace of improvements in their stability of operation. Such rapid progress has triggered research into approaches that can boost efficiencies beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit stipulated for a single‐junction cell under normal solar illumination conditions. The tandem solar cell architecture is one concept here that has recently been successfully implemented. However, the approach of solar concentration has not been sufficiently explored so far for perovskite photovoltaics, despite its frequent use in the area of inorganic semiconductor solar cells. Here, the prospects of hybrid perovskites are assessed for use in concentrator solar cells. Solar cell performance parameters are theoretically predicted as a function of solar concentration levels, based on representative assumptions of charge‐carrier recombination and extraction rates in the device. It is demonstrated that perovskite solar cells can fundamentally exhibit appreciably higher energy‐conversion efficiencies under solar concentration, where they are able to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limit and exhibit strongly elevated open‐circuit voltages. It is therefore concluded that sufficient material and device stability under increased illumination levels will be the only significant challenge to perovskite concentrator solar cell applications.
Hand‐Drawn Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, and Circuits for a Pressure Sensor System on Paper
Authors: Costa Júlio C. , Wishahi Amir , Pouryazdan Arash , Nock Martin , Münzenrieder Niko
Published: February 2018

Hand‐written fabrication techniques offer new ways of developing customizable, biodegradable, and low‐cost electronic systems. In this work, a new level of complexity is demonstrated for hand‐written electronics by fabricating passive components, circuits, and a sensor system on paper. The system comprises a pencil‐written graphite force‐sensitive resistor, a pencil‐drawn RC filter, a pen‐written half‐wave rectifier, and a commercial front‐end voltage amplifier. The sensor system exhibits a linear response for pressures up to 1.2 kPa, and a sensitivity of 51 mV kPa−1. Furthermore, the electrical and mechanical performance of the single components and circuits is studied. Diodes fabricated through pen‐written deposition of silver and nickel contacts on amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide coated paper show rectification ratios up to 1:8. Tensile and compressive bending measurements applied to all pencil‐written components for radii down to 0.1 mm indicate minor influence of strain. Similar results are obtained for circuits created from these individual components. Diodes and half‐wave rectifiers show a stable behavior when bent to a radius of 5 mm. The presented techniques can enable the development of flexible and eco‐friendly wearables and sensors for consumer and healthcare applications, and are an effective way for school pupils to explore the world of electronics.
Risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with severe multiple injuries and blunt chest trauma: a single center retrospective case–control study
Authors: Okabe Yasuyuki
Published: February 2018

Aim

Blunt chest trauma is common and is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple injuries, frequently requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to elucidate risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV).

Methods

Consecutive adult patients with multiple severe injuries and blunt chest trauma who treated in Chiba Emergency Medical Center (Chiba, Japan) between January 2008 and December 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective chart‐review study. According to ventilatory time, the patients were divided into PMV (≥7 days) and shortened mechanical ventilation (SMV; <7 days) groups. Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) was calculated. To identify risk factors for PMV, univariate and multivariate logistic analyses and receiver operating characteristic analysis were carried out.

Results

Eighty‐four and 49 patients were assigned to PMV and SMV groups, respectively. Compared with the SMV group, the PMV group had a significantly larger number of fractured ribs (P < 0.01), higher rate of severe Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS ≤8) (P < 0.05) and flail chest (P < 0.001), higher TTSS (P < 0.001), or longer intensive care unit and hospital stay (both P < 0.001). Logistic analysis showed that severe GCS (odds ratio [OR] = 4.6, P < 0.01), flail chest (OR = 3.0, P < 0.05), and TTSS (OR = 1.2; P < 0.01) were independent significant risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that the area under the curves for TTSS, flail chest, and severe GCS were 0.74, 0.70, and 0.58, respectively. When the three factors were combined, the area under the curve increased to 0.8.

Conclusion

Severe GCS (≤8), flail chest, or TTSS may be independent risk factors. Combining the three risk factors could provide high predictive performance for PMV.
Alkynes From Furans: A General Fragmentation Method Applied to the Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Aglatomin B
Authors: Deng Jiachen , Wu Jingjing , Tian Hailong , Bao Jiajing , Shi Yong , Tian Weisheng , Gui Jinghan
Published: February 2018

Furans are versatile synthons in organic chemistry. Described is a general method for transforming furans into alkynes by dual C−C double‐bond cleavage. The reaction is proposed to proceed by sequential [4+2] cycloaddition between furan and singlet oxygen and a formal retro‐(3+2) fragmentation of the endoperoxide intermediate. A wide array of furans, including those derived from sapogenins, are amenable to this reaction, thus providing the corresponding alkynoic acids in up to 88 % yields. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by a seven‐step synthesis of the proposed structure of a pregnane natural product, aglatomin B, from a known intermediate.