bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Its Regional Economic Growth
Authors: Chen Chunlai
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on its economic growth. By using a provincial‐level panel dataset and applying fixed‐effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the study finds that both OFDI from provincial firms and OFDI from state‐owned enterprises have a positive impact on China's provincial economic growth. The positive impact of OFDI on provincial economic growth may be the result of reverse knowledge spillovers from OFDI to the home provincial economy through demonstration and imitation, labor movement, and backward and forward industrial linkages, thus increasing the productivity and the efficiency of home firms and promoting the growth of the home economy.
Reinvestigating the Oil Price–Stock Market Nexus: Evidence from Chinese Industry Stock Returns
Authors: Fang Sheng , Lu Xinsheng , Egan Paul G.
Published: May 2018

The present study investigates the influence of international oil prices on China's stock market returns across 29 different industries. The paper attempts to account for any structural breaks and nonlinearity in this relationship. The results reveal that the effect of changes in the international price of oil on stock returns differs substantially across industries. The stock returns of the coal, chemical, mining and oil industries are found to be positively affected by crude oil price movements. Conversely, electronics, food manufacturing, general equipment, pharmaceuticals, retail, rubber and vehicle industries are found to be negatively affected by movements in the price of crude oil. The results of the estimations also suggest that the majority of Chinese industries have been significantly affected by oil prices since 2004. The influence of international oil prices on Chinese stocks also has a stronger effect in the presence of high volatility but the effect varies across industries.
Rise of Cross‐border E‐commerce Exports in China
Authors: Ma Shuzhong , Chai Yuxi , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: May 2018

China's cross‐border e‐commerce industry has demonstrated stable and rapid development thanks to the implementation of appropriate policy support and the progressive establishment of e‐commerce platforms. The industry's prosperity suggests unique advantages of cross‐border e‐commerce, which are a result of promoting industrial transformation and accelerating economic restructuring. Due to asymmetric information and insufficient data, little research has been conducted on the current status and the trends of the industry as well as the magnitude of risk in cross‐border e‐commerce. Using the cross‐border e‐commerce hosting service database of BizArk, the present study has constructed an index for China's export e‐commerce prosperity and magnitude of risk which reveals that the industry: (i) generally presents a tendency of solid growth; (ii) has had a relatively stable situation for logistics facilitation but a drastic fluctuation in customs facilitation; (iii) has gradually shifted to competing for cheaper and more efficient marketing techniques as well as channels; and (iv) has experienced a remarkable amelioration of risk magnitude.
Can Cultural Affinity Promote Trade ? HSK Test Data from the Belt and Road Countries
Authors: Xie Mengjun
Published: May 2018

As Chinese culture is “going out,” more and more non‐native Chinese speakers are beginning to study Mandarin and are taking the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) test. Mandarin has become a very important trade language for the Belt and Road countries. This paper uses the difference‐in‐difference model and the Mahalanobis distance and the nearest neighbor distance matching methods to study the internal relationship between culture “going out” and foreign trade. We find that cultural affinity is an important factor in promoting trade, and that the HSK project has expanded China's exports to the Belt and Road countries. Culture's promotion effect in Asia is stronger than that in Europe. Culture's promotion effect shows the characteristics of regional differences, a time‐lag and a fluctuating upward trend. Therefore, further enhancing the international influence of its culture would help China to find a new source of export growth.
S3‐Leitlinie zur Therapie der Psoriasis vulgaris Update – Kurzfassung Teil 1 – Systemische Therapie
Authors: Nast Alexander , Amelunxen Lasse , Augustin Matthias , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Dressler Corinna , Gaskins Matthew , Härle Peter , Hoffstadt Bernd , Klaus Joachim , Koza Joachim , Mrowietz Ulrich , Ockenfels Hans‐Michael , Philipp Sandra , Reich Kristian , Rosenbach Thomas , Rzany Berthold , Schlaeger Martin , Schmid‐Ott Gerhard , Sebastian Michael , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Weberschock Tobias
Published: May 2018

Die deutsche Psoriasis‐Leitlinie zur Behandlung der Psoriasis vulgaris wurde unter Verwendung der GRADE‐Methodik aktualisiert. Die Leitlinie wurde aufbauend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche (letzte Update‐Recherche am 01.12.2016) entwickelt und in einem formalen Konsensus‐ und Freigabeverfahren verabschiedet. Der erste Teil dieser Kurzfassung stellt die Empfehlungen zu den von der Expertengruppe als relevant befundenen und zum Zeitpunkt der Konsensuskonferenz zugelassenen Therapien dar (Acitretin, Adalimumab, Apremilast, Ciclosporin, Etanercept, Fumarsäureester, Infliximab, Methotrexat, Secukinumab, Ustekinumab). Die Leitlinie gibt Hinweise zu Management und Überwachung der eingeschlossenen Therapieoptionen.
Psycho‐oncological care of melanoma patients in certified skin cancer centers
Authors: Meiss Frank , Loquai Carmen , Weis Joachim , Giesler Jürgen M. , Reuter Katrin , Nashan Dorothée
Published: May 2018

Background

The establishment und certification of skin cancer centers (SCCs) in compliance with requirements issued by the German Cancer Society play a key role for quality‐assured treatment of skin cancer patients. These requirements also call for the implementation of a qualified psycho‐oncology program. When planning the present study, we assumed site‐specific differences in the way such programs were implemented at various SCCs.

Methods

In 2014, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of all SCCs certified at the time (n = 43), in which these institutions were asked to provide information on the structural and process quality of their psycho‐oncology programs.

Results

Overall, 81.4 % of certified SCCs (n = 35) participated in the survey. Thirty‐seven percent of SCCs directly employed personnel trained in psycho‐oncology. Nearly all facilities offered information/counseling, crisis intervention, one‐on‐one discussions, and palliative/end‐of‐life care as part of their psycho‐oncology program. Standardized screening tools were commonly used to evaluate patients’ need for psycho‐oncological support. Eighty‐three percent of psycho‐oncology programs primarily focused on inpatients. On average, 25.2 % of melanoma patients received psycho‐oncological support. Ninety‐seven percent of SCCs stated that the certification requirements had actually improved the psycho‐oncological care of their patients. Seventy‐one percent of SCCs reported to be satisfied with the implementation of the requirements.

Conclusions

The certification of institutions as SCCs has led to the implementation of personnel, structural, and content requirements relating to psycho‐oncological care. The majority of SCCs surveyed reported to be satisfied with the quality of care thus achieved.
Can the Wrongs be Righted? Prospects for Remedy in the Philippine Oil Palm Agro‐industry
Authors: Larsen Rasmus Kløcker , Dimaano Francisca R. , Pido Michael D.
Published: May 2018

State‐based and corporate remedies are increasingly offered as solutions to intractable issues provoked by land‐based investments, such as the oil palm agro‐industry. This article critiques this shift towards procedural governance fixes, drawing on theories of the legitimizing function of corporate responsibility and mechanisms of elite capture in agrarian states. The authors contrast the ambition of remedy with local reality in one controversial oil palm project in Palawan Province, the Philippines, showing that it was operated by companies, banks, agencies and politicians who either lacked the capacity to rein in the project once it became evident that it was causing harm to farmers, or showed no interest in doing so. As one of the first detailed examinations of the growing oil palm sector in the Philippines, the study adds to understandings of the shifting nature of elite capture through transnational agro‐industry. It also shows that the remedies discourse remains rooted in colonial doctrines and neoliberal constructs and thus tends to deflect attention away from more appropriate harm prevention strategies. The authors argue that functional remedies will only arise once states and companies confront competing land and resource claims and relinquish more control over new procedures to local and indigenous communities.
Disentangling Tourette syndrome heterogeneity through hierarchical ascendant clustering
Authors: Cravedi Elena , Deniau Emmanuelle , Giannitelli Marianna , Pellerin Hugues , Czernecki Virginie , Priou Tiphanie , Xavier Jean , Consoli Angèle , Hartmann Andreas , Cohen David
Published: May 2018

Aim

To explore the heterogeneity of Tourette syndrome as part of a neurodevelopmental spectrum.

Method

Using hierarchical ascendant clustering based on tic symptoms, developmental milestones, and neurodevelopmental comorbidities, we analyzed the heterogeneity of Tourette syndrome phenotypes in a sample of 174 children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome referred to a tertiary university clinic.

Results

The model yielded three distinct clusters characterized as follows. In cluster 1, we found many neurodevelopmental comorbidities (including intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and learning disabilities) and academic impairments. In cluster 2, patients had no other neurodevelopmental comorbidities. In cluster 3, patients had higher intelligence, a high frequency of attentional impairment, school problems related to both ADHD and unspecific attention difficulties, and handwriting problems related to the tics themselves. Interestingly, clusters did not differ in terms of family history or anxious‐depressive comorbidities. The only other differences that emerged were related to prenatal or perinatal risk factors (more represented in cluster 1) and treatment profiles (higher rates of stimulants in cluster 1).

Interpretation

We conclude that from a phenotypical perspective, Tourette syndrome is a heterogeneous syndrome with at least three main clusters that may help in addressing the etiological basis of Tourette syndrome and specific rehabilitative and therapeutic approaches.

What this paper adds

The clustering of Tourette syndrome based on comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental conditions reveals three clusters.

A group of patients with Tourette syndrome show school difficulties related to non‐specific attention and writing problems.

Analysing only children and adolescents helps to distinguish between developmental comorbid conditions and coexistent disorders.
Evolution of echocardiography in subclinical detection of cancer therapy–related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Moudgil Rohit , Hassan Saamir , Palaskas Nicolas , Lopez‐Mattei Juan , Banchs Jose , Yusuf Syed Wamique
Published: May 2018

Cancer therapies have resulted in increased survivorship in oncological patients. However, the benefits have been marred by the development of premature cardiovascular disease. The current definition outlines measurement of ejection fraction as a mean to diagnose cancer therapeutic–related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD); however, up to 58% of the patients do not regain their cardiac function after the CTRCD diagnosis, despite therapeutic interventions. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in the markers for early myocardial changes (ie, changes with normal left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]) that may predict the development of subsequent left ventricular ejection fraction reduction or progression to heart failure. This review will highlight the use of diastolic parameters, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and speckle tracking echocardiogram (STE) as emerging technologies which can potentially detect cardiac dysfunction thereby stratifying patients for cardioprotective therapies. The goal of this manuscript was to highlight the concepts and discuss the current controversies surrounding these echocardiographic imaging modalities.
Adult‐type ALCAPA syndrome: A rare coronary artery anomaly
Authors: Patrianakos Alexandros P. , Hatzidakis Adam , Marketou Maria , Parthenakis Fragiskos I.
Published: May 2018

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA or Bland–White–Garland syndrome) is a rare but serious congenital coronary artery anomaly, with a poor prognosis without surgical repair. There are two types of ALCAPA syndrome: infant type and adult type. We present a rare case of a 63‐year‐old female patient, with isolated left anterior descending artery origin from the pulmonary artery. Coronary computed tomography angiography revealed giant and tortuous coronary arteries with many collaterals between the left and right coronary system. The patient refused any surgical treatment.
Price formation on clandestine markets: the case of the Paris gold market during the Second World War
Authors: Gallais‐Hamonno Georges , Hoang Thi‐Hong‐Van , Oosterlinck Kim
Published: May 2018

Because of the scarcity of data, there are few quantitative analyses dealing with clandestine markets, despite their prime importance during wartime. This article exploits a unique database of daily prices of gold coins traded in occupied Paris in order to gain insights into the price formation on such a market. First, using data from Switzerland, we show that arbitrage took place, despite the costs and risks involved, and led to a gradual (but incomplete) convergence of gold prices. Furthermore, a study of price seasonality reveals that less strict borders controls during the weekends made the volatility of returns higher at the start of the following week. Second, on the basis of an event study, we provide evidence that laws related to black markets did not have a significant impact on the gold price, except for the most severe law passed on 8 June 1943 which greatly increased the sentences for involvement. Finally, we assess whether the so‐called coin premiums existed on this clandestine market, and show that the large price variations for one gram of fine gold contained in different coins were due to market participants’ preferences for specific gold coins.
Influence of contraindicated medication use on cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome and age at first afebrile seizure as a clinical predictor in SCN1A‐related seizure phenotypes
Authors: de Lange Iris M. , Gunning Boudewijn , Sonsma Anja C. M. , van Gemert Lisette , van Kempen Marjan , Verbeek Nienke E. , Nicolai Joost , Knoers Nine V. A. M. , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Brilstra Eva H.
Published: May 2018

Objective

Pathogenic variants in SCN1A can give rise to extremely variable disease severities that may be indistinguishable at their first presentation. We aim to find clinical features that can help predict the evolution of seizures into Dravet syndrome and clinical features that predict cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome. We specifically investigate the role of contraindicated medication (CIM) as a possible modifier of cognitive decline.

Methods

A cohort of 164 Dutch participants with SCN1A‐related seizures was evaluated. Clinical data were collected from medical records and semistructured telephone interviews. Cognitive function was classified by a child neurologist, neuropsychologist, and clinical geneticist. Several clinical variables, including duration of CIM use in the first 5 years of disease, were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A longer duration of CIM use in the first 5 years after seizure onset was significantly associated with a worse cognitive outcome at time of inclusion, and with lower interpolated intelligence quotient/developmental quotient scores after the first 5 years of disease in Dravet syndrome patients. CIM use remained a significant predictor for cognitive outcome in a multivariate regression model, as did age at the first observation of developmental delay and age at first afebrile seizure. Age at first afebrile seizure was the most accurate predictor for evolution of seizures into Dravet syndrome for the complete cohort.

Significance

Our data suggest that a longer CIM use in the first 5 years of disease can have negative effects on cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome. An early diagnosis is essential to avoid these drugs. Furthermore, we identified age at first afebrile seizure as an important predictor for evolution of seizures into Dravet syndrome and for the severity of Dravet syndrome, which can be used to counsel parents of young patients with SCN1A‐related seizures.
Dynamic efficiency evaluation of state‐level business incubators in China by using a slacks‐based measure approach
Authors: Sun Xiangyang , Cheng Yu , Lu Qicheng , Hu Miao
Published: May 2018

It is important to evaluate the efficiency of business incubators for their performance improvement. Because few enterprises can successfully graduate from the incubation process in one incubation period, the incubating enterprises will be carried over to the successive periods. In this context, the number of incubating enterprises can be regarded as a carry‐over variable linking different incubation periods, which can also be treated as an undesirable output in the current period. This paper proposes a dynamic slacks‐based measure model to evaluate the efficiency of China's state‐level business incubators during 2010–2012. The empirical results show that neglecting new entrants and the typical carry‐over variable may underestimate the incubation system's efficiency. Moreover, the operational efficiency of China's state‐level business incubators is relatively low, which is largely caused by the lower pure technical efficiency. There exist great disparities between pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency for all considered incubators in China. Some important insights and policy suggestions are presented.
Can Deficits in Emotional Intelligence Explain the Negative Relationship Between Abandonment Schema and Marital Quality?
Authors: O'Connor Peter , Izadikhah Zahra , Abedini Samaneh , Jackson Chris J.
Published: May 2018

Objective

To determine whether the harmful effects of abandonment schema on marital quality can be attributed to low trait emotional intelligence in a sample of Iranian couples.

Background

Research has demonstrated that maladaptive schemas are related to various indicators of marital quality; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these relationships. In this study, we use maladaptive schema theory to propose that the harmful effects of abandonment schema on marital quality can be attributed to low trait emotional intelligence.

Method

Data were collected from a sample of 123 married couples from Iran. Participants completed a series of questionnaires designed to measure maladaptive schemas, trait emotional intelligence, and marital quality. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the hypothesized indirect effect.

Results

Results indicate that abandonment schema is negatively associated with several indicators of marital quality via the mediating effects of trait emotional intelligence.

Conclusion

We conclude that trait emotional intelligence can account for the negative relationships between abandonment schema and spousal ratings of marital satisfaction, communication satisfaction, and conflict resolution satisfaction in a sample of Iranian couples.

Implications

Couple therapists should consider emotion‐focused techniques when treating couples where one or both partners present with abandonment schema.
Annual temperature variation as a time machine to understand the effects of long‐term climate change on a poleward range shift
Authors: Crickenberger Sam , Wethey David S.
Published: May 2018

Range shifts due to annual variation in temperature are more tractable than range shifts linked to decadal to century long temperature changes due to climate change, providing natural experiments to determine the mechanisms responsible for driving long‐term distributional shifts. In this study we couple physiologically grounded mechanistic models with biogeographic surveys in 2 years with high levels of annual temperature variation to disentangle the drivers of a historical range shift driven by climate change. The distribution of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides has shifted 350 km poleward in the past half century along the east coast of the United States. Recruits were present throughout the historical range following the 2015 reproductive season, when temperatures were similar to those in the past century, and absent following the 2016 reproductive season when temperatures were warmer than they have been since 1870, the earliest date for temperature records. Our dispersal dependent mechanistic models of reproductive success were highly accurate and predicted patterns of reproduction success documented in field surveys throughout the historical range in 2015 and 2016. Our mechanistic models of reproductive success not only predicted recruitment dynamics near the range edge but also predicted interior range fragmentation in a number of years between 1870 and 2016. All recruits monitored within the historical range following the 2015 colonization died before 2016 suggesting juvenile survival was likely the primary driver of the historical range retraction. However, if 2016 is indicative of future temperatures mechanisms of range limitation will shift and reproductive failure will lead to further range retraction in the future. Mechanistic models are necessary for accurately predicting the effects of climate change on ranges of species.
Shifts in priming partly explain impacts of long‐term nitrogen input in different chemical forms on soil organic carbon storage
Authors: Song Minghua , Guo Yu , Yu Feihai , Zhang Xianzhou , Cao Guangmin , Cornelissen Johannes H. C.
Published: May 2018

Input of labile organic carbon can enhance decomposition of extant soil organic carbon (SOC) through priming. We hypothesized that long‐term nitrogen (N) input in different chemical forms alters SOC pools by altering priming effects associated with N‐mediated changes in plants and soil microbes. The hypothesis was tested by integrating field experimental data of plants, soil microbes and two incubation experiments with soils that had experienced 10 years of N enrichment with three chemical forms (ammonium, nitrate and both ammonium and nitrate) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Incubations with glucose–13C addition at three rates were used to quantify effects of exogenous organic carbon input on the priming of SOC. Incubations with microbial inocula extracted from soils that had experienced different long‐term N treatments were conducted to detect effects of N‐mediated changes in soil microbes on priming effects. We found strong evidence and a mechanistic explanation for alteration of SOC pools following 10 years of N enrichment with different chemical forms. We detected significant negative priming effects both in soils collected from ammonium‐addition plots and in sterilized soils inoculated with soil microbes extracted from ammonium‐addition plots. In contrast, significant positive priming effects were found both in soils collected from nitrate‐addition plots and in sterilized soils inoculated with soil microbes extracted from nitrate‐addition plots. Meanwhile, the abundance and richness of graminoids were higher and the abundance of soil microbes was lower in ammonium‐addition than in nitrate‐addition plots. Our findings provide evidence that shifts toward higher graminoid abundance and changes in soil microbial abundance mediated by N chemical forms are key drivers for priming effects and SOC pool changes, thereby linking human interference with the N cycle to climate change.
Potential risk factors for dental caries in Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Almusawi MA , Gosadi I , Abidia R , Almasawi M , Khan HA
Published: May 2018

Background

Diabetic patients are known to be at higher risk for dental caries. However, the role of potential risk factors such as blood glucose, salivary glucose and glycaemic control in the occurrence of dental caries in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clearly understood so far, and therefore, it was evaluated in this study.

Materials and methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 100 T2D patients from Saudi Arabia. The caries risk assessment was evaluated using the guidelines of Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). Cariogenic bacteria load in saliva was determined by a chair‐side test kit. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), salivary glucose and HbA1c were analysed.

Results

Majority of the patients had dental caries (84%), exposed root surfaces (92%) and heavy plaque (73%), whereas 66% of patients suffered from xerostomia. The frequency of patients with high counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli (LB) were 78% and 42%, respectively. There were significant associations between dental caries risk and FBG, HbA1c and salivary glucose. After categorizing the patients into 3 categories of glycaemic control, we observed a significant association between glycaemic control and dental caries risk.

Conclusion

Type 2 diabetes patients are at high risk for dental caries, which is directly associated with FBG, HbA1c and salivary glucose. This is the first study measuring dental caries and its risk factors in T2D patients from Saudi Arabia.
Political transition in resource economies
Authors: Atallah Samer
Published: May 2018

This paper explains the lack of democratization in resource‐ exporting countries using a two‐period resource extraction model. There are two classes of agents: the elite who own capital and natural resources, and citizens who own labor. Government policies are designed to ensure that the elite remain in power and that citizens do not have the incentive to revolt. On the other hand, policies in the democracy case are not constrained by the threat of revolution. Compared to the democratic case, the resource is over‐extracted and the investment is lower. Non‐democratic institutions are the rational choice of the elite.
The impact of organic links in position auctions with popular versus niche keywords
Authors: Arnold Michael , Darmon Eric , Penard Thierry
Published: May 2018

We analyze a game‐theoretic model to explore the impact of organic links (links generated by the search engine algorithm) and popular versus niche keywords on bidding strategies in sponsored link position auctions. In contrast to results in earlier literature, we find that with organic links the firm with the highest value per click does not necessarily win the first sponsored position; it may be optimal for a firm to bid an amount greater than the expected value from a click; and firms may choose not to bid even if they would incur no cost for clicks on the sponsored link.
Ségrégation professionnelle selon la durée du travail en Europe
Authors: SPARREBOOM Theo
Published: May 2018

L'auteur évalue la ségrégation professionnelle selon la durée du travail dans quinze pays européens, à partir de données de l'Enquěte européenne sur les forces de travail. Il recherche les déterminants de cette ségrégation par une analyse de régression reposant sur trois groupes d'indicateurs (quantité d'emploi, qualité de l'emploi et institutions). De façon générale, la ségrégation observée est plus forte chez les hommes que chez les femmes, et chez les jeunes que chez les adultes. Elle est plutôt corrélée avec la quantité d'emploi chez les hommes, alors que des variables des trois groupes d'indicateurs interviennent chez les jeunes et les femmes adultes.
Les écarts salariaux dans une profession à prédominance féminine: le travail domestique informel et flexible au Portugal
Authors: SULEMAN Fátima , FIGUEIREDO Maria da Conceição
Published: May 2018

Les auteures étudient les effets des arrangements informels et flexibles sur les salaires des travailleurs domestiques employés par des personnes privées au Portugal. Les estimations indiquent que l'emploi formel est bénéfque aux travailleurs, que leur contrat soit stable ou fexible. Toutefois, les mécanismes du marché du travail et des fonctionnements sociaux favorisent la persistance des inégalités, surtout au détriment des travailleurs migrants. Les qualifcations ne sont ni valorisées ni rétribuées, et on observe des salaires supérieurs chez les travailleurs occasionnels et ceux qui ont plusieurs employeurs ou s'occupent de personnes âgées. Cependant, ces travailleurs restent exposés à l'exploitation et à l'insécurité.
Recesión, austeridad y género. Análisis comparado de ocho mercados de trabajo europeos
Authors: PÉRIVIER Hélène
Published: May 2018

La caída del PIB con la crisis mundial en 2008 afectó menos al empleo femenino que al masculino, mientras que la austeridad ha sido más perniciosa para las mujeres, una disparidad de género descrita como el escenario «de la recesión masculina a la austeridad para las mujeres» (he‐cession to she‐austerity). Se analizan las tendencias de género en los mercados de trabajo de ocho países europeos, descomponiendo las variaciones trimestrales en la participación y en el empleo por sectores. El escenario mencionado no se observa en todos los países. Se identifican otros cauces por los que las distintas políticas de austeridad comprometen la igualdad de género y los derechos de las mujeres.
La polarización del empleo en Europa desde una perspectiva sectorial
Authors: CIRILLO Valeria
Published: May 2018

La autora se centra en la polarización del empleo y proporciona evidencia para explicar los patrones de variación ocupacional sobre la base de cuatro macrogrupos de la CIUO según el nivel de calificación. Adoptando un enfoque estructural y sectorial, y mediante un análisis shift‐share, pone de relieve diferencias entre las manufacturas y los servicios, así como entre países. La polarización se observa más bien en los servicios, y en algunos países europeos conduce a rechazar la teoría del sesgo del cambio tecnológico hacia el trabajo calificado.
Nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2–related factor 2 activates glutathione S‐transferase expression in the midgut of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to phytochemicals and insecticides
Authors: Chen S. , Lu M. , Zhang N. , Zou X. , Mo M. , Zheng S.
Published: May 2018

Detoxication enzymes play an important role in insect resistance to xenobiotics such as insecticides and phytochemicals. We studied the pathway for activating the expression of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) in response to selected xenobiotics. An assay of the promoter activity of GST epsilon 1 (Slgste1) of Spodoptera litura led to the discovery of a cis‐regulating element. An antioxidant response element was activated in response to indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) and was able to bind with the xenobiotic sensor protein nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2–related factor 2 (SlNrf2). SlNrf2 and Slgste1 were responsive to reactive oxygen species induced by I3C and CPF in a S. litura cell line, as well as in S. litura midguts. SlNrf2 RNA interference (RNAi) reduced the message RNA levels of Slgste1 and the peroxidase activity of GSTs in response to I3C, xanthotoxin, CPF and deltamethrin. SlNrf2 RNAi and inhibitor treatment of GST activity decreased the viability of I3C‐treated cells. These results indicate that SlNrf2 activates the expression of GSTs in response to oxidative stresses caused by exposure to xenobiotics.
MicroRNA signature of central nervous system‐infiltrating dendritic cells in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hoye Mariah L. , Archambault Angela S. , Gordon Taylor M. , Oetjen Landon K. , Cain Matthew D. , Klein Robyn S. , Crosby Seth D. , Kim Brian S. , Miller Timothy M. , Wu Gregory F.
Published: May 2018

Innate immune cells are integral to the pathogenesis of several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS). Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent CD11c+ antigen‐presenting cells that are critical regulators of adaptive immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases such as MS. The regulation of DC function in both the periphery and CNS compartment has not been fully elucidated. One limitation to studying the role of CD11c+ DCs in the CNS is that microglia can upregulate CD11c during inflammation, making it challenging to distinguish bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) from microglia. Selective expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to distinguish populations of innate cells and regulate their function within the CNS during neuro‐inflammation. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS, we characterized the expression of miRNAs in CD11c+ cells using a non‐biased murine array. Several miRNAs, including miR‐31, were enriched in CD11c+ cells within the CNS during EAE, but not LysM+ microglia. Moreover, to distinguish CD11c+ DCs from microglia that upregulate CD11c, we generated bone marrow chimeras and found that miR‐31 expression was specific to BMDCs. Interestingly, miR‐31‐binding sites were enriched in mRNAs downregulated in BMDCs that migrated into the CNS, and a subset was confirmed to be regulated by miR‐31. Finally, miR‐31 was elevated in DCs migrating through an in vitro blood–brain barrier. Our findings suggest miRNAs, including miR‐31, may regulate entry of DCs into the CNS during EAE, and could potentially represent therapeutic targets for CNS autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Foreign exchange intervention revisited: A new way of estimating censored models
Authors: Ordoñez‐Callamand Daniel , Villamizar‐Villegas Mauricio , Melo‐Velandia Luis F.
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we investigate a long‐standing issue in the international finance literature: namely, how to capture the behaviour of central banks when deciding foreign exchange policies. Essentially, the main empirical problem is that a researcher observes numerous large‐scale purchases of foreign currency but a general absence of sales. This asymmetry has motivated the use of heavily dependent parametric models. We take a fresh look at this problem by allowing for a more flexible estimation, robust to various model specifications. Our results indicate that our method outperforms some of the standard models used to date. Hence, our main contribution is to provide policymakers with an improved and readily accessible toolkit to evaluate their actions. To shed some light on this, we estimate policy functions for the cases of Turkey and Colombia and highlight marked differences with the related literature.
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by electrophoretically deposited titania‐halloysite nanotubes coatings
Authors: Farrokhi‐Rad Morteza , Mohammadalipour Mehrdad , Shahrabi Taghi
Published: May 2018

Two‐component suspensions of titania and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were prepared in ethanol with 0.5 g/L (optimum concentration) of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and different wt% of HNTs. Kinetics of Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) decreased with increasing the HNTs content in suspensions due to their less mobility compared with titania particles. HNTs reinforced the microstructure of coatings and reduced or completely prevented from cracking during drying and heat‐treatment steps. Removal of methylene blue (MB) via adsorption by HNTs coatings was faster than its photocatalytic degradation by titania coating. Dispersion of HNTs (up to ≈30 wt%) in the matrix of titania resulted in the synergistic catalytic effect in MB removal. The synergistic effect was because of the shorter traveling distance of MB molecules adsorbed on HNTs toward the photocatalytic active site of titania particles in composite coatings. However, the synergistic effect was destroyed with increasing the HNTs content in coating. Difference between the amount of MB removed by titania and composite coatings increased at longer times (≥60 minutes). Mass transfer of MB adsorbed on HNTs toward the photocatalytic active sites of adjacent titania particles can compensate the decline in the mass transfer from solution at longer times.
Structure of Se–Te glasses by Raman spectroscopy and DFT modeling
Authors: Tverjanovich Andrey , Cuisset Arnaud , Fontanari Daniele , Bychkov Eugene
Published: May 2018

For the first time, the Raman spectra of bulk SexTe1‐x glasses, 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, have been measured over the entire glass‐forming range. The spectra exhibit three broad spectral features between 150 and 300 cm−1, attributed to Te–Te, Se–Te, and Se–Se stretching modes according to DFT simulations. The observed weak chemical ordering in the glasses is discussed on the basis of heteropolar and homopolar bond fractions derived from integrated intensity of the Raman modes and DFT cross‐sections. The underlying structural model of the glasses suggests a random distribution of the Se–Se, Se–Te, and Te–Te chemical bonds with some preference for heteropolar bonding within Se–Te–Se structural units.
Dressed to impress: breeding plumage as a reliable signal of innate immunity
Authors: Pardal Sara , Alves José A. , Mota Paulo G. , Ramos Jaime A.
Published: May 2018

Animal signals involved in sexual selection are often indicators of individual quality. The assumption that sexual characters such as breeding plumage may indicate immune state has rarely been tested in free‐living migratory birds, particularly in relation to innate immunity. If sexual characters indeed reflect immune condition, then these could be used to evaluate individual quality. Melanin is a common pigment used in animal communication that mitigates the effects of oxidative stress and has positive effects on energy homeostasis, important functions during the strenuous activity of long‐distance flights. However, melanin is also immunosuppressive, and the melanised patches of breeding plumage may to some extent compromise immune responsiveness. We studied melanin‐based secondary sexual characters (SSC) in a long‐distance migratory wader, the black‐tailed godwit Limosa limosa, and found that breeding plumage features of male and female godwits are linked to components of innate immunity. Males with a larger colour extension had higher circulating levels of haptoglobin and hemolysis activity, while they also presented a lower body condition; whereas females presented a negative trend between colour and bar extension and hemolysis activity, and a positive trend for natural antibodies. The association between signal, immune state and physical condition in males suggests a cost for signal production and immune condition during prenuptial migration. Sex differences in how signals relate with immune capacity are a likely consequence of sex‐specific signalling roles and energy demands. Our results indicate that male godwit breeding plumage reflects innate immunity state, and is therefore a likely signal for females to use during mate choice as an honest indicator of male's capacity to allocate energy/resources to both expensive traits during periods of energetic constraint.
Early singers attend to conspecific but not heterospecific behavioural cues at dawn
Authors: Hodgson L. , Waas J. R. , Foote J. R.
Published: May 2018

During the dawn chorus songbirds initiate singing activities just prior to sunrise. Environmental factors affect the timing of the dawn chorus, but relatively little is known about how behavioural cues influence chorus timing. We assessed whether early playback of conspecific and heterospecific song influenced chorus start times in two early‐singing temperate species, hermit thrush Catharus guttatus and veery C. fuscescens. We used arrays of GPS time‐synchronized recorders to record the dawn chorus at 30 locations. In each location, thirty minutes prior to natural chorus initiation, we broadcast: 1) an early singing species (hermit thrush or veery), 2) a late singing species (black‐throated green warbler Setophaga virens or Nashville warbler Oreothlypis ruficapilla), 3) a noise control, and 4) also recorded without playback (silent control). Playback treatments were separated by two‐three days at each location. Both hermit thrush and veery sang significantly earlier in response to conspecific playback compared to noise or silent controls. Both species also sang earlier in response to conspecific playback compared to the day before or the day after playback. Neither species sang earlier in response to heterospecific playback (regardless of whether the broadcast species was a naturally early or late song initiator) compared to noise or silent controls. Our results support the theory that the dawn chorus is a communication network where individuals attend primarily to conspecific cues; heterospecific song appears to have minimal impacts on the chorus start times of the two early‐singing species we investigated.
Effects of Motor Carriers’ Growth or Contraction on Safety: A Multiyear Panel Analysis
Authors: Miller Jason W. , Schwieterman Matthew A. , Bolumole Yemisi A.
Published: May 2018

Motor carrier safety remains a highly relevant issue for supply chain managers and scholars because carriers’ safety affects supply chains as well as the welfare of the motoring public. This article enriches understanding regarding this topic by investigating how motor carriers’ growth or contraction since the start of the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) program in 2010 affects their safety performance. Drawing on core principles from theories regarding internal adjustment costs from economics and nonscale free capabilities from management, we explain why carriers’ growth or contraction should differentially affect various safety metrics tracked by the CSA program. To test our theory, we assemble a multiyear panel data set for over 1,000 of the largest for‐hire motor carriers operating in the United States by melding together several different governmental data sources. We fit a series of multivariate seemingly unrelated regression models to test our hypothesized effects. Our results corroborate our theorized predictions and are robust to alternative model specifications. We conclude by detailing how this work contributes to extant theory, summarizing managerial and policy implications, highlighting limitations, and suggesting directions for further pursuit.
Selling through referrals
Authors: Condorelli Daniele , Galeotti Andrea , Skreta Vasiliki
Published: May 2018

We endogenize intermediaries' choice to operate as agents or merchants in a market where there are frictions due to asymmetric information about consumption values. A seller has an object for sale and can reach buyers only through intermediaries. Intermediaries can either mediate the transaction by buying and reselling—the merchant mode—or refer buyers to the seller for a fee—the referral mode. When the seller has a strong bargaining position and can condition the asking price to the intermediaries' business model choice, all intermediaries specialize in agency. The seller's and intermediaries' joint profits equal the seller's profits when he has access to all buyers. When the seller does not have such bargaining power, the level of the referral fee and the degree of competition among intermediaries determine the business mode adoption. A hybrid agency–merchant mode may be adopted in equilibrium. Banning the referral mode can decrease welfare because the merchant mode is associated with additional allocative distortions due to asymmetric information.
Examining Multiple Rhythms of Military and Veteran Family Life
Authors: Marini Christina M. , Collins Christina L. , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley M.
Published: May 2018

This review considers existing literature about military and veteran families' deployment‐related experiences in relation to three separate, yet related, temporal rhythms. First, we consider military family functioning within a short‐term rhythm focused on dynamic family interactions (e.g., communicative exchanges) that occur daily. Next, we consider medium‐term rhythms characterized by more temporal stability. Examples of such rhythms include established marital and parenting patterns that likely have bidirectional associations with adjustment to deployments or other experiences connected to military service. The final rhythm focuses on long‐term implications of wartime service for military and veteran families. We conclude by considering examples of ways these different rhythms of individual and family functioning may intersect. Our main purpose in highlighting these rhythms is to generate fruitful directions for future research about the conditions under which deployment‐induced transitions may produce periods of dysfunction, promote positive growth, or leave individuals and families relatively unchanged.
Contribution of parenting to complex syntax development in preschool children with developmental delays or typical development
Authors: Moody C. T. , Baker B. L. , Blacher J.
Published: May 2018

Background

Despite studies of how parent–child interactions relate to early child language development, few have examined the continued contribution of parenting to more complex language skills through the preschool years. The current study explored how positive and negative parenting behaviours relate to growth in complex syntax learning from child age 3 to age 4 years, for children with typical development or developmental delays (DDs).

Methods

Participants were children with or without DD (N = 60) participating in a longitudinal study of development. Parent–child interactions were transcribed and coded for parenting domains and child language. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify the contribution of parenting to complex syntax growth in children with typical development or DD.

Results

Analyses supported a final model, F(9,50) = 11.90, P < .001, including a significant three‐way interaction between positive parenting behaviours, negative parenting behaviours and child delay status. This model explained 68.16% of the variance in children's complex syntax at age 4. Simple two‐way interactions indicated differing effects of parenting variables for children with or without DD.

Conclusions

Results have implications for understanding of complex syntax acquisition in young children, as well as implications for interventions.