bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method Of Baiting In Internet Journalism; Fear And Threat Journalism
Authors: İNCE Mustafa
Published: April 2019

With
the forced migration of traditional media to the internet environment, rating
competition in televisions and circulation competition in newspapers have
become the competition of being the most-clicked on the internet. In fact, this
competition was seen as a struggle to survive for news sites. However, this
approach worked up producing/making news with the “no matter how, as long as it
is clicked” logic in internet journalism. Especially headlines were started to
be created in a way which threaten, frighten and cause concern in the reader,
beyond arousing curiosity. Unfortunately, this understanding meant ignoring the
journalism principles and ethical orders as well as deceiving the readers. In
these kind of news reports which are produced with the concern of being widely
clicked and read, readers are literally forced to read those news reports since
an expectation is created for them by using titles that are more assertive than
it already is, which generally address to the feelings of the reader and
discuss subjects that are controversial in terms of newsworthiness. In the
news, frightening, worrisome, disconcerting and over-thrilling language and
wording are used as well as misleading information and noncompliance between
the title and the content. The news reports that are produced with this
understanding deceive the readers and discredit internet journalism and
internet news.

The
aim of this study is to put forward the creation of a new journalism
understanding which frightens, almost threatens and causes worry in the reader
(compels them to read) in internet journalism. Within the scope of the
research, 5 most followed internet sites in Turkey, according to the web
traffic measurements of Alexa (Top Sites in Turkey) for December 2018, were
monitored for 2 months. The compliance between the titles and news reports in
these news sites were analyzed along with the language and wording, by
examining certain news reports that are created and
published in a way which threatens, frightens, causes anxiety or worry in the
reader. The literature related to the subject was utilized as well.
A phylogenetic and taxonomic revision of sequestrate Russulaceae in Mediterranean and temperate Europe
Authors: Vidal J.M. , Alvarado P. , Loizides M. , Konstantinidis G. , Chachuła P. , Mleczko P. , Moreno G. , Vizzini A. , Krakhmalnyi M. , Paz A. , Cabero J. , Kaounas V. , Slavova M. , Moreno-Arroyo B. , Llistosella J.
Published: April 2019

A comprehensive morphological and genetic study of type material and new collections of sequestrate Russulales species formerly belonging to the genera Arcangeliella, Elasmomyces, Gymnomyces, Hydnangium, Hymenogaster, Macowanites, Martellia,
Secotium and Zelleromyces is here undertaken, for the purpose of providing a complete taxonomical revision of sequestrate Russulaceae species in the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Europe. As a result, seven distinct taxa in the genus Lactarius and 18 in
the genus Russula are identified. Six of them are new species: L. populicola, L. subgiennensis, R. bavarica, R. candidissima, R. hobartiae and R. mediterraneensis, and seven represent new combinations: L. josserandii (≡ Zelleromyces
josserandii), L. soehneri (≡ Hydnangium soehneri), R. candida (≡ Hydnangium candidum), R. cerea (≡ Hydnangium cereum), R. messapica var. messapicoides (≡ Macowanites messapicoides), R. meridionalis
(≡ Zelleromyces meridionalis) and R. neuhoffii (≡ Hydnangium neuhoffii). Twenty-two of the 25 taxa are illustrated, while descriptions, microscopy images, as well as extensive information on the ecology, chorology and phylogeny for all taxa are provided. A
key is further included to facilitate their identification.
Antiquité et traduction
Authors: Ballard Michel
Published: April 2019

La traduction est aujourd’hui omniprésente et indispensable pour permettre la communication entre les peuples et les cultures. C’est pourtant une activité multimillénaire, qui n’a pas toujours revêtu les mêmes formes ni connu les mêmes enjeux. L’histoire de la traduction, partie intégrante de la discipline que l’on appelle la traductologie, permet de mieux cerner les contextes culturels dans lesquels s’inscrit la traduction et de suivre l’évolution des réflexions concernant cet objet polymorphe.
Dans cet ouvrage publié à titre posthume, le chercheur internationalement reconnu qu’est Michel Ballard nous livre le fruit de ses dernières réflexions et apporte un nouvel éclairage sur la place de la traduction dans l’Antiquité, en tenant compte des publications récentes dans le domaine. La période examinée va de l’Égypte ancienne à saint Jérôme, en passant par la Mésopotamie, la Grèce, l’époque ptolémaïque et Rome.
La fourniture d’articles scientifiques : droit, technologie et marché
Authors: Schöpfel Joachim
Published: April 2019

L’article décrit l’environnement juridique de la fourniture de documents à distance en France. Après une explication du terme, un href historique et une introduction aux principes du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, l’étude présente les différents aspects qui sont déterminants pour l’application de ce droit.Les conditions légales pour la fourniture traditionnelle de documents (photocopies) sont expliquées, notamment par rapport au mandat du Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie, avant de passer à la.fourniture électronique de documents, qui nécessite une autorisation explicite de la part de l’ayant droit (éditeur nu auteur). L’étude souligne l’interdépendance entre technologie, marché et droit, et suggère une interprétation économique, voire technologique, du droit d’auteur.
Le droit des chercheurs à mettre leurs résultats de recherche en libre accès
Authors: Bosc Hélène
Published: April 2019

Le développement d’Internet a permis à la communauté scientifique de prendre conscience de sondroit: celui de mettre en libre accès ses propres résultats de recherche. En 2002, un groupe dechercheurs et éditeurs a lancé la Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI). Il a formulé le concept dulibre accès (LA) et les deux stratégies pour y parvenir : déposer dans une archive ouverte le doubled’un article publié dans un périodique payé par souscription (« LA Vert »), et/ou publier dans unerevue en libre accès (« LA Doré »). Le concept du libre accès s’est rapidement étendu mais il ad’abord été presque complètement assimilé au seul « LA Doré ». L’auto-archivage a été négligé en dépit du fait que cette voie verte représente la possibilité de croissance du LA la plus immédiate et laplus rapide.Les efforts déployés alors (analyses stratégiques, études, développement d’outilstechniques pour créer des archives institutionnelles et mesurer leur impact) ont permis de démontrerl’importance et les avantages de l’auto-archivage. De ce fait le nombre d’archives a augmenté, toutcomme l’obligation d’auto-archiver dans les universités, les institutions et les fondations derecherche. Dans quelques pays, une politique d’auto-archivage a été proposée au niveau gouvernemental. Cet engagement des hommes politiques commence à inquiéter certains éditeursscientifiques, qui s’organisent en lobby anti-LA et réussissent dans certains cas à ralentir ou arrêterla législation. C’est pour cette raison que la communauté scientifique, moins vulnérable au lobby deséditeurs - que peuvent l’être les politiciens - prend l’initiative d’organiser une politique de LA avecl’obligation d’auto-archivage au niveau de l’université.
Book Review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad
Published: April 2019

The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches— qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers.
Teaching Vocabulary Through Wiki to First Secondary Graders
Authors: Al-Johali Khalid Yahya E.
Published: April 2019

Vocabulary is a fundamental component of any language. Learning vocabulary plays a crucial role in learning English language. Whereas wiki is a promising Web 2.0 technology that can be used innovatively in EFL instruction. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of wiki-based instruction on vocabulary learning of first secondary graders. It was carried out in Sabya, Jazan, Saudi Arabia in 2018. It followed the quasi-experimental design of one experimental group. Fifty-seven Saudi teenage EFL students participated in a researcher-designed wiki-based vocabulary course in a random male school. The course consisted of twelve lessons to teach 80 words picked from the grade’s English Schoolbook (Mega Goal 2) to ensure their importance and benefit to students. Vocabulary pre-test and post-test along with a closed observation card were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, paired samples and one-sample t-tests were used for analysis. It was found that wiki had slight positive effect on vocabulary learning. Results demonstrated that students achieved significantly better marks in their post-test but with a very low effect size (0.32). In addition, wiki was observed as usable, motivating, vocabulary enlarging assistant, and can be perceived positively by students. In the contrary, it was observed that the students’ collaborative work level was low. Accordingly, wikis can be a good vocabulary teaching tool if well-designed and well-implemented after training both teachers and students.
Exploring Business English Talent Training Model under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Guo Guihang , Jin Haimei
Published: April 2019

After thirty years of rapid development, China has become the second largest economy in the world. In order to strengthen economic cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road and assume more responsibilities as a major power, China has put forward the Belt and Road Initiative, which puts great pressure on the demand for Business English talents in society. However, at present, there is a shortage of high-level Business English talents in China. The traditional Business English talent training model cannot meet the needs of the business industry, which results in the serious disconnection between the cultivation of business talents and the market demand. Under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, how to cultivate Business English talents has become a strategic issue. This research firstly combs the research of Business English talent training objectives and training model from the perspective of ESP Needs Analysis Theory, and then discusses the drawbacks of the current Business English training model from such aspects as curriculum setting, teaching system, and evaluation system, and gives suggestions in order to explore an appropriate Business English training model that meets the needs of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Language Blogging Community: Fostering the Learning Attitudes and Writing Skills of EFL Students
Authors: Lin Ming Huei
Published: April 2019

This paper empirically studies a group of first-year EFL college students in a blog-supported composition class in Taiwan. To improve their writing skills, the participants kept journal blogs within a language blogging community (LBC) where users could receive free help (e.g., corrections/comments) from native speakers regarding entries written in a second/foreign language (in this case, English). Students’ writing skills and learning attitudes (anxiety about writing) were assessed (by multifaceted examination) before and after the classes. The results show that over the sessions the participants formed active blogging patterns and expressed themselves better, using more linguistic information. These encouraging signs echoed the students’ improved compositional skills and reduced writing anxiety. The pedagogical suitability of blogging in EFL writing classes is discussed and topics are suggested for future studies.
The Metaphorical Use of Collocations: A Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Cheng Yanqin
Published: April 2019

The meanings of collocations, which have been accepted as an abstraction at the syntagmatic level, may have been defined by the way human beings conceptualize the world. The patterns in the use of the English word “contain” are summarized using the British National Corpus and an attempt is made to use conceptual metaphors to interpret how these patterns came into being and how they could have derived from human beings’ earliest bodily experience in the physical world. Such insight into English collocations may help improve the teaching of collocations to EFL learners.
A Morpho-Syntactic Study of Contemporary Science Fiction Short Stories
Authors: Said Nadya Khairy Muhamed
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study is to research two morphological processes: acronym and compounding (phrasal compounds/circumlocution) and one syntactic category which are ‘existential sentences’ in science fiction short stories. The present paper identifies different types and rates of existential sentences. In this respect, ‘bare existential and locative’ read the high percentages and may be contrasted with other classifications of English existential sentences which have a verb other than ‘be’ and a definite expression. ‘Phrasal compounds’ vary in rates as they constitute notable percentage for those that involve ‘lexical means and lexical relations’ followed by ‘prepositional compounds’, ‘conjunctional compounds’, and those involve ‘a noun, pronoun, and an adjective’. Furthermore, ‘phrasal compounds’ containing a verb’ having the value of zero. Analysis of data has acknowledged that ‘atomic’ acronym constitutes the high percentage than ‘molecular’ and this explains the abundance of the unpronounceable acronym in science fiction. Generally, existential sentences, existential sentences may give the entire clause a fresh status.
A Corpus-Based Study of Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Linguistic Styles
Authors: Chen Xueliang , Yan Yuanle , Hu Jie
Published: April 2019

Since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, research on Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s linguistic styles has witnessed an exponential increase, with a lopsided focus on Trump in particular. This study compared Clinton’s and Trumps’ campaign speeches during the general election using a corpus-based approach. Discourse analysis of the corpora was conducted using the textual analysis software AntConc 3.2.4. The results showed that Clinton used a more diverse vocabulary compared with Trump, and that both candidates stuck to their core campaign messages in their speeches. Three major differences between Clinton’s and Trump’s linguistic styles were identified: 1) Clinton was inclined towards rational discussions of public policy, while Trump was adept at appealing to voters’ emotions; 2) Clinton was more positive and focused on her vision of the future, while Trump was more negative and fixated at depicting a dystopian reality; 3) Clinton aimed to find commonalities with the American people, while Trump aimed to highlight differences between himself and his opponents. By putting Clinton’s rhetoric on a par with Trump’s, this study highlighted their linguistic style differences as part of their grand campaign strategy, which could contribute to current understanding of the two candidates’ rhetorical preferences, political beliefs and strategies in their 2016 campaigns.
Humor in TV Talk Shows
Authors: Abbas Nawal Fadhil
Published: April 2019

Humor is considered a common element of human interaction. It is sometimes used to enhance the utterances so as to make them more comfortable. That is why it has been given a considerable attention by many scholars from different fields of knowledge such as linguistics, psychology and sociology. In linguistics, many scholars have tried to define humor and to show its functions and the factors that enable the humor act to be adequate and interesting. This led many theories and approaches to be formulated in order to study humor from different perspectives among which the incongruity theory by Kant (1790) and the relief theory by Moreal (1983). In addition, the non-observance of Grice’s conversational maxims (1975) can also be used to create humor. Accordingly, this study aims at analyzing humor as a strategic means by which participants achieve their goals in interpersonal interaction, in particular in TV Shows, namely, Oprah Winfrey Show and Piers Morgan Show. The study also aims at investigating the way by which participants shift the topic of interaction whenever they try to avoid a certain topic by shifting to a humorous style. It is concluded that there are many factors that affect humor in TV talk shows including the personality of the host and his/her interviewees, the topic of interaction and the way through which a character deals with a certain topic.
A Corpus-Based Analysis of Business Contract English Registers
Authors: Cao Miao , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2019

In trades between different countries, business English is the basic step and business contract is the guarantee. In this special transaction context, the wording of business contract English is fair and rigorous; the structure of it is clear; and the style of it is solemn. Based on the register theory in systemic functional linguistics, this paper analyzes the lexical, syntactic and textual rhetorical features of contract English. Some of the data are from business English Corpus established by University of International Business and Economics. It aims to promote the writing of business contract English.
The Role of an Instructor’s Asynchronous Feedback in Promoting Students’ Interaction and Text Revisions
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed Abdullah
Published: April 2019

This study focused on teacher asynchronous feedback and how it engaged 15 English as Foreign language (EFL) learners in revising their writing. The data was collected from (1) the teacher’s feedback, (2) students’ responses and, (3) students’ drafts of writing. The data analysis showed that the teacher provided a number of 832 items of feedback which were categorized into “question” as the most dominating category, followed by “statement”, “suggestion”, “directive” and “correction”. Three hundred and eighty (380;46%) of the feedback items were direct, while 452 (54%) were indirect. The feedback focused on content, organization, vocabulary, grammar, mechanics and more general/not specific comments. Teacher’s feedback (1) engaged the learners in text revisions (overall=1102 comments), (2) stimulated their responses (overall=1032 comments) and (3) extended their online asynchronous interactions. Of the total amount of text revisions (1102), 362 (33%) were made based on the teacher’s direct feedback, and 427 (38%) of them were based on the teacher’s indirect feedback, while 313 (29%) were based on peers’ and self-corrections. The learners revised their writing in terms of content, organization, vocabulary, grammar and mechanics. The findings have implications for teacher interactive feedback practices in writing and the role of asynchronous tools in facilitating such practices.
Keywords in Written Academic Legal Texts: A Corpus-Derived List
Authors: Alasmary Abdullah A.
Published: April 2019

This study presents the Written Academic Legal Vocabulary (WALV), a discipline-specific genre-focused list of keywords in a corpus of academic legal texts. To generate this list, a purpose-customized corpus of full-length academic texts is created and analyzed with the help of corpus-based analytical tools. Items on the list are chosen based on criteria such as frequency of occurrence, range and keyness. The keywords recur more frequently in a specialized corpus than in a general reference corpus, a finding that attests to the pedagogical utility of these expressions as possible focus of explicit instruction. The final list consists of 298 headwords and 219 families (lemmas). Findings also indicate that the list includes words belonging to different grammatical types, the most common of which are nouns. The list also incorporates a large number of abbreviations, shortenings and acronyms.
Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative in Chinese and American Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis Based on Self-Built Corpora
Authors: Xiao Ya , Li Yue , Hu Jie
Published: April 2019

The Belt and Road Initiative reflects China’s ascendance in the world arena. Since its inception, this initiative has received great attention from Chinese and American media. This study applies the critical discourse analysis (CDA) method to investigate the mainstream media construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Based on the “Lexis Advance” database, a sample of news reports dated between January, 2017 and November, 2018 were selected to build two corpora of China Daily (368 reports with 232 550 words) and The New York Times (154 reports with 106 401 words). Assisted by the two self-built corpora and the corpus software AntConc 3.2.4, the study probes into the similarities and differences between Chinese and American reports in terms of high-frequency words, collocation networks, concordance lines and concordance plots. The findings are (1) both the Chinese and American media pay great attention to the contribution of this initiative to the world economy. (2) Chinese media emphasize the concrete measures of this initiative, while American media focus on its political influence. (3) Chinese media use explicit positive vocabulary to appraise the achievement of this initiative, while American media use explicit negative vocabulary to express Trump administration’s skepticism about this initiative. (4) American government’s attitudes towards this initiative have gradually changed since Trump came to power. Though negative comments still exist, the positive voice has increased.
Intertextuality Between T. S Eliot and Al Sayyab’s Poetry
Authors: Ayasrah Mohamed Ayed , Azmi Mohd Nazri Latiff
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to shed light on ‘intertextuality’ as a cross cultural technique between modern Arabic and English poetry with reference to T. S Eliot and Al Sayyab. It aims to uncover the intertextual aspects of ‘allusion’, ‘symbols and myths’, ‘irony’, ‘the objective equivalent’, ‘conceptual metaphor’ and ‘impersonality’ between Eliot and Al Sayyab and the impact of Eliot’s thoughts, themes, expressions and style on Al Sayyab’s. However, the study reveals that the strategy of intertextuality takes a one-way direction, i.e., from Eliot to Al Sayyab, and Eliot’s fingerprints are quite manifest in Al Sayyab’s poetry. Moreover, although some of Eliot’s key expressions, ideas, symbols, myths and themes are borrowed by Al Sayyab, he could professionally use intertextuality and maintain his illustrious style.
Risicoaansprakelijkheid voor ongeschikte medische hulpzaken
Authors: Hiemstra J.T.
Published: April 2019

Risicoaansprakelijkheid voor ongeschikte medische hulpzaken

In haar recent verschenen proefschrift onderzoekt de auteur in hoeverre het risico dat voortvloeit uit het gebruik van ongeschikte medische hulpzaken voor rekening van de hulpverlener dient te komen. In dit artikel worden de belangrijkste bevindingen uit dit onderzoek uiteengezet. De auteur komt tot de conclusie dat het risico dat voortvloeit uit het gebruik van ongeschikte medische hulpzaken in beginsel voor rekening van de hulpverlener komt. De redelijkheid zal niet snel gebieden dat het risico dient te worden verschoven naar de patiënt.
Welke gevolgen kan deelfraude hebben voor de vordering van de claimant op de aansprakelijke partij en diens verzekeraar?
Authors: Keizer J.G.
Published: April 2019

Welke gevolgen kan deelfraude hebben voor de vordering van de claimant op de aansprakelijke partij en diens verzekeraar?. HR 6 juli 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:1103

De Hoge Raad heeft duidelijk gemaakt dat de regel uit het verzekeringsrecht dat (deel)fraude tot algeheel verval van het recht op uitkering kan leiden (art. 7:941 lid 5 BW), niet analoog toegepast kan worden in de personenschadepraktijk als de claimant tegenover de verzekeraar van de aansprakelijke partij (deel)fraude pleegt. Is een aan artikel 7:491 lid 5 BW verwante wettelijke regel voor de personenschadepraktijk daarom nodig en wenselijk, of bestaan er al voldoende mogelijkheden om (deel)fraude effectief te sanctioneren?
Aansprakelijkheidsrecht dient ook emotionele belangen
Authors: Opdam M.
Published: April 2019

Aansprakelijkheidsrecht dient ook emotionele belangen. Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 15 mei 2018, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2018:4396

Een moeder heeft recht op inzage in het obductieverslag van haar overleden zoon. Het beroepsgeheim wordt doorbroken op grond van een zwaarwegend belang. Daarbij speelt ook het emotionele belang van de moeder om opheldering te krijgen over de doodsoorzaak een rol. Het aansprakelijkheidsrecht dient volgens het hof niet alleen een vergoedingsbelang, maar kan ook bijdragen aan de bevrediging van emotionele belangen. In deze annotatie wordt de waarde van een (zuiver) emotioneel belang in het aansprakelijkheidsrecht besproken.
Molecular Characterization of Lactic Acid Organisms Isolated from Spontaneous Fermentation of Cassava- fufu and gari
Authors: Ayoade Femi, , Fayemi Scott , Olukanni Olumide , Ogunbiyi Tosin , Oluniyi Paul
Published: April 2019

Aim: The present work was aimed at ensuring the accurate taxonomic identification of the fermentation organisms previously isolated from spontaneously fermented cassava for the purpose of safety assessment and quality assurance.

Study Design: Purposive sampling method was used as all the five isolated organisms (from the previous study); 2 bacterial and 3 fungal organisms were characterized using molecular methods.

Place and Duration of Study:  The genotypically characterized organisms are from a previous study carried out in May 2016 where lactic acid bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated from spontaneously fermented cassava. 

Methodology: Genomic DNA was extracted from the lactic acid microorganisms and this was used as a template in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction. The 16s rRNA genes were amplified for the bacterial isolates while nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes were targeted for the fungal isolates. The amplicons were electrophoresed on 2% agarose gel prepared with Tris Borate Ethylenediamintetraacetate (TBE) buffers stained with ethidium bromide. The sizes of the corresponding amplicon captured on gel images were compared with that of the ladder to determine their sizes. Furthermore, sequences of the PCR products were analyzed and the chromatograms subjected to BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) analyses to identify the lactic acid organisms.

Results: The 3 fungal isolates were identified as Schizophyllum commune (MK 431022), Aspergillus oryzae (MK434151), Aspergillus sydowii (MK434152), while the bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus spp (MK450345) and Bacillus spp (MK 449018). A high level of discrepancies was observed when the results of identification of the same isolates by biochemical methods in an earlier report were compared with the results from the present study using molecular methods. 

Conclusion: The identification and characterization of the isolates and the discrepancies between the outcomes of the biochemical and molecular methods underscore the limitations of phenotypic (biochemical) methods in characterizing organisms that may eventually be used as starter organisms in food fermentation. The present result makes quality assurance and safety assessment of foods prepared using these organisms as starter organisms possible.
Microbial Quality and Safety of Traditional Fermented Camel Milk Product Suusac Sampled from Different Regions in North Eastern, Kenya
Authors: Maitha Isaac M. , Kaindi Dasel W. M. , Wangoh John , Mbugua Samuel
Published: April 2019

Aim: The study was carried out to assess the microbial quality and safety of fermented camel milk product (Suusac) from North Eastern Kenya.

Methodology: Twenty-eight samples (n=28) of Suusac from different areas of the region sold in informal markets at Eastleigh in Nairobi were aseptically collected at the sales points. The quality and safety of the Suusac with reference to selected pathogens namely E. coli, S. aureus, Shigella, and Klebsiella spp was evaluated using the standard analytical methods.

Results: Escherichia coli were detected in all the samples while Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 63.09% of the samples analyzed. Shigella spp was detected in 88.1% of the samples analyzed and Klebsiella spp was detected in 77.4% of the samples. The mean log10 counts for E. coli, S. aureus, Shigella, and Klebsiella spp were 3.135, 2.576, 2.784 and 3.138, CFUmL-1, respectively. There is a potential public health concern posed by Suusac which is sold for direct consumption due to the presence of the life-threatening bacterial pathogens.

Conclusion: The Suusac being sold at Eastleigh market in Nairobi from North Eastern Kenya may be responsible for transmission of the pathogens to the consumers. Training on food hygiene, improving production technology, hygienic conditions and implementing the food legislations along the value chain can minimize the risk.
Microcredit and Farmers’ Productivity in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Obisesan Omobolaji Olubukunmi , Ojewumi Olusegun Bankole , Obisesan Adekunle Akintunde
Published: April 2019

The present work examined micro-credit and farmers’ productivity in Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 140 respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Tobit regression model. The research showed there was a significant relationship between household size (β=0.623), farming experience (β=0.858) and loan condition (β=1.29) on the acquisition of credit by farmers. Income generated was used as a proxy for productivity, and it was in the minimum of N20,000 per planting season. Interest rate had a negative relationship with credit acquisition which implied the majority of the farmers patronized the informal sources of credit. The research showed that loan conditions from informal sources was favorable compared to that from formal sources; and a reason for the high patronage. This, therefore, suggests that formal lending institutions should relax agricultural lending condition and provide credit for agricultural purposes to increase the productivity of farmers.
Assessment of Production and Utilization of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) at the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Wubeshet , Anshiso Dessalegn
Published: April 2019

Background and Objective: Black cuminseed for local consumption and other importance, such as oil and oil rosin for medicinal purposes, export market, crop diversification, income generation, reducing the risk of crop failure and others made it as a best alternative crop under Ethiopian smaller land holdings. The objectives of this study were to examine factors affecting farmer perception of the Black cumin production importance, and assess the crop utilization purpose by smallholder farmers and its income potential for the farmers in two Districts of Bale zone of Oromia regional state in Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from January to May 2018 in two Districts of Oromia region. Questionnaires, focus group discussion and field observation were used to collect data. A total of 180 Black cumin producers were selected randomly from 8 Kebele’s. The responses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Probit model in Stata version 13.

Results: The survey result indicated that the majority (95.56%) of the households perceived that production of Black cumin crop is important. The crop used as source of better income, medicinal crop and spice in the study area. From the total mean of agriculture income, Black cumin production contributes about 39.88% to the income the respondents. The  Probit model shows that producers perception of the importance of Black cumin production was found to be statistically and significant affected by age of households, education level, availability of labor for farm activities, access to credit facilities, average income from Black cumin, and its productivity level through time. Conclusion: The agricultural policy should give emphases at all operational level to exploit more benefit from this crop and on the production enhancement strategies, so as to bring foreseen change in the lives of the producers.
Play What, Like What! The Application of Psychodrama in the Business Management Education in Universities-Marketing Management as an Example
Authors: Lin Chih-Huang
Published: April 2019

The higher education is facing challenges and the learning is flipping. The teaching as a whole-person is one of the major mission of higher education. Psychodrama was developed for psychotherapy and it is used as a psychotherapy technique in group counseling, consultation, and even education in recent years. In business schools, psychodrama offers a creative and more experiential way for students to explore and solve the key issues in business and management practice. This study uses psychodrama in teaching in the real Business-Management course Marketing Management 」as the research context.

This study is an action research in Business-Management education. This study is bringing a new learning experience to Business education. Moreover, it also adds humanistic quality and social consideration to students. With the qualitative and quantitative data, the results demonstrates that psychodrama can improve learning outcomes, enhance learning satisfaction, and even enhance the ability of students to business decision-making. Furthermore, this study also provides managerial and practical implications for both higher education in business schools and real world business managers.
Phenylthiocarbamide Taste Perception among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Igbeneghu C. , Olisekodiaka J. M. , Onuegbu J. A. , Oyeyode O. H.
Published: April 2019

Aim: To determine whether Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste blindness is associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and possible relationship between intake of treatment medications and PTC taste sensitivity.

Methodology: The study participants consisted of 100 type 2 DM patients on treatment (group 1) and 100 newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients not on drugs treatment (group 2). Apparently healthy individuals (100) served as controls (group 3). Informed consent was obtained from each participant at the commencement of the study. Tasters and non-tasters were determined using phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste strips (0.0143 mg/strip).

Results: In group 1, 66% were non-tasters; in group 2, 60% were non-tasters while 37% in group 3 were non-tasters. Phenylthiocarbamide taste perception varied significantly among the 3 groups studied (p < 0.001). Non-tasters of PTC in groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different (p = 0.38). Non-tasters of PTC in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001; OR 3.30 and p = 0.001; OR 2.55 respectively) were significantly higher than non-tasters in the control (group 3).

Conclusion: This study shows that inability to taste PTC is associated with type 2 DM. However, intake of DM treatment medications does not appear to have any significant influence on PTC taste sensitivity.
Wild Edible Mushrooms Depict a Dissimilar Biogeographical Distribution in Humid Forests of Cameroon
Authors: Onguene A. N. , Kuyper Th. W.
Published: April 2019

For millennia, wild edible mushrooms (WEM) had always been considered as substantial food and medicinal sources, for local communities, both Bantu and indigenous peoples. However, few information and sparse data are available on useful mushrooms of Cameroon. A study was undertaken to update the checklist of WEM in humid forests of Cameroon. From mushroom excursions, surveys and inventories, thousand fungal specimens were collected in situ, described and identified using key features and references.

Wild edible mushrooms were recruited in three trophic groups. They denoted a dissimilar national biogeographical distribution. Saprophytes and Termitomyces were encountered throughout the country; ectomycorrhizal mushrooms occurred in forest clumps, only in three regions: South, Southeast and Southwest. 117 WEM were listed belonging to 17 families and 43 genera, including nearly 22 Termitomyces, 32 ectomycorrhizal and 63 saprophyte species. 15 WEM were also claimed to have medicinal properties. This vast mushroom diversity related to various specific habitats and ecological niches. Five fungal groups were considered as excellent edible. Amanita and Boletus species were seldom consumed. Most mushroom species were harvested solely for home consumption, with the exception of Termitomyces, the only marketed mushroom. In fine, the diversity of WEM was high but poorly known and valorized. To fulfill the Nagoya convention, it is recommended to pursue mycological inventory of macrofungi in Cameroon, including the use of molecular tools and to cultivate local wild edible saprophyte mushrooms.
Effect of Microbial Phytase on Nutrient Availability and Growth of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soyabean and Groundnut-based Diets
Authors: Uzezi Akpoilih Benjamin , Kolawole Ajani Emmanuel , Oluwarotimi Omitoyin Bamidele
Published: April 2019

Several studies have shown the positive effect of phytase on phosphorus utilization by fish and animals, with the use of phytase sources determined for different fish species. Few studies have  tested phytase response to different diets, which may affect nutrient availability for optimum growth due to differences in phytate location. The research, therefore, studied the effect of phytase to diets based on soya bean and groundnut meal for Clarias gariepinus on nutrient availability and growth. In trial 1, four groups of soya bean S1, S2, S3 and S4 replaced fish meal at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and supplemented with 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU/g phytase, respectively. In trial 2, four groups of groundnut meal diet G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6, were similarly supplemented with the same phytase levels used in experiment 1. Fish meal control (S0=G0) was not supplemented with phytase. Result showed that 250 FTU/g phytase showed the highest mean weight gain for both plants. In conclusion, the research has shown that the chemical nature of phytate, rather than its concentration and location, may influence the utilization of phosphorus for optimum growth in the fish by supplementing 250 FTU/g, with a range of available phosphorus requirement of between 0.75% (Y = 0.363 + 4.155X - 2.772X2, R2 = 0.759) and 0.80% (Y = 0.307 + 3.303X - 2.059X2, R2= 0.210)
Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Patterns in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Itiowe T. , Hassan S. M. , Agidi V. A.
Published: April 2019

Rainfall in Nigeria is highly dynamic and variable on a temporal and spatial scale. This has taken a more pronounced dimension due to climate change. In this paper, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Coefficient of Variability statistical tools were employed to analyse rainfall trends and patterns in Abuja between 1986 and 2016. Daily rainfall data of 31 years was used for the study. The daily rainfall data was subjected to several analyses. The result obtained indicated that there is a downward trend in the rainfall amount received in Abuja over the last 31 years. Also, a gradual decadal decline in rainfall was observed using the SPI to compare the three decades under review. Recommendation to build more weather observatories which is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa for sufficient climatic data representation especially in the study area as data from one synoptic station was not sufficient for the study was proffered. Mitigation and adaptation strategies especially for meteorological drought should be considered with a view to reducing the effects of climate change.
Impacts of Social-Cultural Factors on the Management of Deep Pools of Likangala River, Malawi
Authors: Makwinja Rodgers , Chipofya Victor
Published: April 2019

The study was conducted to analyse the impact of social cultural factors on the management of deep pools in Likangala River during Lake Chilwa recession period. A comprehensive survey which covered 120 households was carried out. Using logit analysis,  the study showed that the use of local leaders, indigenous knowledge, initiation ceremony, age of the household heads, culture and traditional beliefs were significant factors affecting the management of the water resource in the pools. The study concluded that the sustainable management of water resource in the pools can be achieved by integration of scientific principles with indigenous knowledge, traditional beliefs and culture of the communities. The study further recommended the involvement of local leaders in policy formulation regarding integrated water resource management in order to achieve sustainable use and management of the water resource in Likangala River.
A Late Presenting Urachal Remnant Tumour: Rare Adenocarcinoma Originated from Developmental Defect
Authors: Dey Ipsita , Roy Chhaya , Kanti Das Tushar
Published: April 2019

Occupying only 0.01% of all adult cancer patients, the rare entity urachal adenocarcinoma constitutes 22-35% of adenocarcinomas originating from urinary bladder. Though with the gradual descend of the bladder in the course of development urachus should turn into median umbilical ligament, exceptional persistence of it can give rise to urachal cyst or urachal adenocarcinoma in adulthood. With only 43% of survival rate for 5 years and mean survival between 12 and 24 months urachal carcinoma is a devastating disease. Diagnosis of it is based on the MD Anderson Cancer Centre (MDACC) criteria. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan of abdomen and pelvis are the major imaging modalities to proceed towards diagnosis and staging. Not only histopathological examination but also immune-histochemical expression of both CK7 and CK20 suffice to clinch the diagnosis. Though surgical intervention forms the mainstay of treatment, several regimens of chemotherapy have also been tried to fight against unresectable, residual, extensive urachal carcinomas.

This case took place in a 52 years old male patient who was presented with a gradually enhancing infra-umbilical swelling with slow growing urinary symptoms. By dint of Ultrasonography (USG) and Contrast Enhanced CT (CECT) scan of whole abdomen the tumour was detected involving the bladder wall and the anterior abdominal wall. Cystoscopy was followed by upfront cytoreductive surgery. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma which was further confirmed to be an urachal remnant carcinoma with the help of immunohistochemistry. Post-operative CT scan showed residual disease involving bladder wall and was treated with an adjuvant platin based chemotherapy regimen.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiazolo Pyridin-2-Amine and Their Schiff Bases
Authors: Sonawane Mangesh Vijay , Chaudhari Sandip Balu , Sonawane Jaywant Prakash , Patil Suryakant Sudhakar , Sonawane Mahesh Rajendra , Patil Anil Vinayak
Published: April 2019

The efficient synthesis of thiazolo pyridine 2-amine(3) by reaction of 2-amino pyridine with ammonium thiocyanate(2). The reaction carried out in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate and Dimethyl Sulphoxide as a solvent. The aromatic aldehyde reacts with synthesized compound thiazolo pyridin-2-amine (3) by using catalytic amount of Ni (NO3)2 .6H2O at room temperature. Advantages of this protocol are its very good yields.
Occurrence, Distribution and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Some Selected Fishes Sold in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun O. B. , Ogunsanmi O. , Olutimehin I. O.
Published: April 2019

Fish constitutes the cheapest source of animal protein in the world. The nutritional qualities and the shelf ability of fish can be affected due to microbial contamination after harvesting. Hence, this study is designed to investigate the microbiological analysis of fish and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated bacteria from some selected fish sold in Bodija Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three different fish samples: Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Sabalo fish (Prochilodus lineatus) and Tadpole fish (Raniceps raninus) were bought from Bodija market in an ice packed bag and then transported to Microbiology laboratory for further analyses. Microbial analysis were carried out using serial dilution and pour plate methods. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern on the bacteria isolates were carried out using commercial antibiotics. E. coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp were isolated. Gram negative bacteria were more susceptible to most of the antibiotics used than gram positive bacteria. E. coli showed the highest susceptibility to all the antibiotics with varied zone of inhibitions. Salmonella spp show the highest susceptibility to septrin with the lowest zone of inhibition to pefloxacin. Shigella spp had the lowest zone of inhibition to gentamycin, rocephin, septrin and erythromycin when compared to other bacterial isolates. Serratia spp exhibited highest zone of inhibition to gentamycin. Fish contamination can be averted by employing good environmental conditions and preservation methods to avoid spoilage. The antibiotics sensitivity showed that all the bacteria isolated were more susceptible to antibiotics, thereby developing a resistant strain.
Face Recognition Using 2D-FLDA Based on Approximate SVD Obtained with Kronecker Products with One Training Sample
Authors: Turhal Ümit Çiğdem
Published: April 2019

Aims: In a face recognition task, it is a challenging problem to find lots of images for a person. Even, sometimes there can be only one image, available for a person. In these cases many of the methods are exposed to serious performance drops even some of these fail to work. Recently this problem has become remarkable for researchers. In some of these studies the database is extended using a synthesized image which is constructed from the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the single training image. In this paper, for such a method, SVD based 2 Dimensional Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (2D-FLDA), it is proposed a new approach to find the SVD of the image matrix with the aim of to increase the recognition performance.

Study Design: In this paper, in a face recognition task with 2D-FLDA, in one training sample case, instead of original SVD of the image matrix, the approximate SVD of its based on multiple kronecker product sums is used. In order to obtain it, image matrix is first reshaped thus it is to be lower dimensional matrices and, then the sum of multiple kronecker products (MKPS) is applied in this lower dimensional space.

Methodology: Experiments are performed on two known databases Ar-Face and ORL face databases. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated when there are facial expression, lightning conditions and pose variations.

Results: In each experiment, the approximate SVD approach based on multiple kronecker product sum gets approximately 3% better results when compared with the original SVD.

Conclusion: Experimental results verify that the proposed method achieves better recognition performance over the traditional one. The reason for this is the proposed approximate SVD has the advantages of simplicity, and also as the kronecker factors possess additional linear structure, kronecker product can capture potential self-similarity.