bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ouvir falar o pensamento, aprender a falar o pensamento no interior da universidade: o testemunho dos “professores” Michel Certeau, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault e Roland Barthes
Authors: Ó Jorge Ramos do
Published: May 2019

RESUMO Conseguir levar o texto ainda em construção à cena da sala de aula, buscando e renovando com esse gesto corajoso a itinerância do pensamento apoiado em uma base plenamente dialógica - eis aquela que permanece há séculos como a grande questão pedagógica de uma universidade do saber por vir. Este artigo centra-se em um período de intensa crítica à conceção tradicional de universidade, assim como aos esforços de transformação das práticas de trabalho entre professores e alunos sob o signo da reciprocidade. Dá especial enfoque a declarações de Barthes, Certeau, Deleuze e Foucault quando as suas reflexões se acercaram dos domínios da pedagogia - a partir de uma experiência em Vincennes (Paris VIII) depois de 1968 e que se estendeu até ao termo dos anos de 1980 - e convergiram na necessidade de construir espaços de efetiva partilha comunitária com os estudantes tomando como base os princípios da incompletude do saber, da ativa singularização de quem o produz.
Sistema integrado com microalgas e wetland construído de fluxo vertical no tratamento de efluentes urbanos
Authors: Silveira Elizandro Oliveira , Wink Matheus , Zappe Ana Letícia , Kist Lourdes Teresinha , Machado Ênio Leandro
Published: May 2019

RESUMO O sistema integrado com microalgas (MA) e wetland construído de fluxo vertical (wetland construído pós-microalgas - WCPMA) foi aplicado para a realização de ensaios de tratamento de efluentes no campus da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul (UNISC-RS). Águas negras e amarelas foram alimentadas para esse sistema em regime de batelada a partir de um tanque equalizador da estação de tratamento de efluentes da universidade, considerando tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de três dias para cada unidade do sistema integrado. O comparativo de desempenho foi feito com unidades também envolvendo a sequência de tanque de armazenamento de efluentes (TAE) + sistema de controle (C), somente com suporte de areia e brita, em triplo estágio, bem como wetlands construídos de fluxo vertical, também em triplo estágio. O abastecimento utilizou fatores de carga em termos de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) de 2,4±0,9 g m-1dia-1 para o TAE e de 26,7±11,2 g m-1dia-1 para as unidades de wetlands construídos, de MA+WCPMA e de C (sem o cultivo da Hymenachne grumosa). Em relação à unidade TAE+MA+WCPMA, as reduções dos parâmetros de cargas poluentes foram mais significativas em termos de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5) (58%), fósforo total (63%) e, principalmente, nitrogênio amoniacal no sistema integrado, com redução de 100%. Em termos de toxicidade aguda com Daphnia magna, a detoxificação foi efetiva, com variações de valores de EC50 de 58 a 100%. O estudo obteve resultados expressivos que indicam que o sistema MA+WCPMA é uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de águas residuárias para unidades geradoras descentralizadas, possibilitando maior redução da ação eutrofizante.
Desestratificação de reservatórios por meio de aeração artificial
Authors: Lima Neto Iran Eduardo
Published: May 2019

RESUMO No presente trabalho, avaliou-se em escala de laboratório e por meio de modelagem matemática o processo de desestratificação da coluna d’água usando aeração por ar difuso. Foram identificados dois padrões de escoamento: um regime de pluma, no qual o escoamento induzido pelas bolhas penetra na interface entre as duas camadas de diferentes densidades e ascende à superfície da água; e um regime de fonte, no qual o escoamento penetra parcialmente na interface e colapsa para formar uma camada de densidade intermediária. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o regime de pluma promove mistura mais rápida da camada superior (epilímnio) do que o regime de fonte. Os tempos de mistura da camada inferior (hipolímnio), entretanto, foram praticamente os mesmos para os dois regimes. Após o ajuste de parâmetros do modelo que descreve a incorporação do fluido ambiente na pluma e na fonte, pôde-se simular o processo de desestratificação da coluna d’água com boa aderência aos dados experimentais obtidos nesta pesquisa e em trabalhos anteriores. Por fim, o modelo validado foi aplicado para a simulação do impacto de diferentes vazões de ar na evolução temporal do processo de desestratificação de reservatórios (escala real), sendo discutidos os custos com energia elétrica para bombeamento e as possíveis implicações na qualidade da água desses corpos hídricos.
Dolops carvalhoi as a vector of Epistylis sp. between cultivated and wild specimens of Oreochromis niloticus in Brazil
Authors: Pagliarini Cibele Diogo , Franceschini Lidiane , Ribeiro Cristiéle da Silva , Delariva Rosilene Luciana , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda , Ramos Igor Paiva
Published: May 2019

Abstract Epistyliasis has been characterized as an emergent disease which has a great impact on fish farms, especially on Oreochromis niloticus production systems. Although epidemiological important, information about the dispersion of these parasites and their mechanical vectors is scarce. The present study reported the cooccurrence of Epistylis sp. as an epibiont of Dolops carvalhoi, a parasitic crustacean of cultivated/wild specimens (from accidental release) of O. niloticus from a cage fish farm area in the Ilha Solteira Reservoir, Grande River, SP, Brazil. The co-occurrence of Epistylis sp. and D. carvalhoi, and their epibiont relationship registered in this study suppose that the Epistylis may use the crustaceans for dispersion and as mechanical vectors for the dissemination of diseases in wild and cultivated hosts. Moreover, exchange of parasites between wild and cultivated hosts is possible, considering both organisms (protozoan and argulid). Furthermore, the results of the present study demonstrate the need to monitor the areas adjacent to cage fish farms as a preventive measure for the dispersion of pathogens. This is the first report of epibiosis between Epistylis sp. and argulid parasites of cultivated and wild O. niloticus, contributing to knowledge about host-parasite specificity, geographical distribution, dispersion of etiological agents and epidemiology in aquaculture.
Pupipara (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) in wild birds attended at a rehabilitation center in southern Brazil
Authors: Moreira Renata Fagundes , Farezin Laura de Campos , Souza Ugo Araújo , Silva Bruna Zafalon da , Amorim Derek Blaese , Girotto-Soares Aline , Surita Lívia Eichenberg , Alievi Marcelo Meller , Graciolli Gustavo , Soares João Fabio
Published: May 2019

Abstract The hippoboscids are cosmopolitan permanent obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of birds, domestic and wild mammals and, occasionally, humans. Some species may act as vectors or hosts of etiological pathogenic agents. The aims of this study were to report on the first cases of Hippoboscidae in Crax blumenbachii and Parabuteo unicinctus; to provide new reports from Brazil on Tyto furcata and Asio stygius parasitized by Icosta americana; to report on individuals of Bubo virginianus, Falco sparverius and Accipiter striatus parasitized by genera Ornithoctona; and to provide new reports on parasitism of O. erythrocephala in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The birds of prey and C. blumenbachii were attended at a rehabilitation center in Porto Alegre and at a veterinary hospital in Cruz Alta. These new records demonstrate the huge gap that exists regarding studies on avian ectoparasites and highlight potential vectors of hemoparasites for the bird species studied.
Von Hippel-Lindau Acts as a Metabolic Switch Controlling Nephron Progenitor Differentiation
Authors: Cargill Kasey , Hemker Shelby L. , Clugston Andrew , Murali Anjana , Mukherjee Elina , Liu Jiao , Bushnell Daniel , Bodnar Andrew J. , Saifudeen Zubaida , Ho Jacqueline , Bates Carlton M. , Kostka Dennis , Goetzman Eric S. , Sims-Lucas Sunder
Published: May 2019

Significance Statement

Nephron progenitors, the self-renewing cells that give rise to nephrons, are particularly metabolically active, relying primarily on glycolysis for energy generation early in development. As development progresses, nephron progenitors switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration for energy—mediated by an unknown mechanism—and undergo differentiation. To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell–specificVHLknockout mice. In addition to identifying VHL as a critical regulator of nephron progenitors’ metabolic switching, the authors’ findings demonstrate that this switch also plays a large role in the differentiation process, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development.

Background

Nephron progenitors, the cell population that give rise to the functional unit of the kidney, are metabolically active and self-renew under glycolytic conditions. A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. Studies have demonstrated that kidney formation is highly dependent on oxygen concentration, which is largely regulated by von Hippel-Lindau (VHL; a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex) and hypoxia-inducible factors (a family of transcription factors activated by hypoxia).

Methods

To explore VHL as a regulator defining nephron progenitor self-renewal versus differentiation, we bred Six2-TGCtgmice with VHLlox/loxmice to generate mice with a conditional deletion ofVHLfrom Six2+nephron progenitors. We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21.

Results

By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell–specificVHLknockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. Compared with controls,VHLknockout kidneys are smaller and developmentally delayed by postnatal day 1, and have about half the number of glomeruli at postnatal day 21.VHLknockout nephron progenitors also exhibit persistent Six2 and Wt1 expression, as well as decreased mitochondrial respiration and prolonged reliance on glycolysis.

Conclusions

Our findings identify a novel role for VHL in mediating nephron progenitor differentiation through metabolic regulation, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development.
Resisting the ‘Patient’ Body: A Phenomenological Account
Authors: Pini Sarah , Pini Ruggero
Published: May 2019

According to the biomedical model of medicine, the subject of the illness event is the pathology rather than the person diagnosed with the disease. In this view, a body-self becomes a ‘patient’ body-object that can be enrolled in a therapeutic protocol, investigated, assessed, and transformed.How can it be possible for cancer patients to make sense of the opposite dimensions of their body-self and their body-diseased-object? Could a creative embodied approach enable the coping with trauma tied to the experience of illness?By applying a phenomenological approach and auto-ethnographic analysis to the experience of cancer, this visual exploration provides support for rethinking the cancer event through a performative perspective. This work previews images and video material collected over ten years of onco-haematological treatments, video dance performances and physical explorations.This work displays how processes of healing can be set in motion by creative embodied practices, physical explorations and unexpected journeys. By resisting the biomedical model and allowing the emergence of new meanings, it illustrates how dance and performative practices offer ground for transformation.
Understanding the Critical Role of Applied Linguistics with Other Disciplines of 21st Century
Authors: Siddiqui Ali , Sartaj Shabana , Keerio Abdul Karim
Published: May 2019

The present study describes the need and importance of Applied Linguistics in present world. It aims to explore all the areas of applied linguists, where it plays a major role. The introductory section describes applied linguistics with its definitions along and references to renowned authors. The second part discovers a brief historical view of applied linguistics that represents it as a distinct field to explore. It portrays about the emergence of this field that is changing with different periods by its professional and academic activities. The third part of a study demonstrates the scope of applied linguistics and its relation to other disciplines. It suggests the future development of applied linguistics with the emerging new scientific disciplines. The fourth section highlights a hot debate of a current scenario that shows the vitality of applied linguists with respect to Linguistic Human Rights (LHRs). The paper aims to explain the importance of applied linguistics around with current perspective of World. Later, it reveals the real situation to violation of Linguistic Human Rights (LHRs) that are specifically contextualized within states of Pakistan and India. Along with this, it also portrays the picture of the future World to a case if no sincere efforts are taken to protect the Linguistic Human Rights, it can prove fatal for researchers and teachers of applied linguistics in general. The final section concludes a study with an over view of applied linguistics to its historical perspective and its relation with other disciplines, specifically with Linguistic Human Rights.
A Corpus-based Analysis of TESOL EFL Students’ Use of Logical Connectors in Spoken English
Authors: Wu Hao
Published: May 2019

In the past several decades, the compilation of learner corpora and the application of corpus linguistics have been extensively employed to improve learners’ use of logical connectors. However, the use of logical connectors in EFL learners’ spoken discourse remains under-researched. To investigate this field, the researcher built an EFL TESOL student spoken English corpus consisting of 27 spoken English samples of 12,241 words in total. Then, this study adopts corpus-based contrastive analysis and computer-aided error analysis to compare the tokens and the frequencies of the logical connectors with those in the native spoken English corpus of MICASE. Finally, underuse, overuse, and misuse in the TESOL student corpus were exemplified and explained.Findings reveal that the TESOL students tended to use a smaller set of logical connectors but used them more frequently than the English native speakers. Additive coordinating conjunctions such as and, so, and but were the most overused logical connectors. Moreover, the underuse of if, when, so that, and though shows that adverbial clauses were less frequently employed in their spoken discourse. A detailed explanation and pedagogical implications are also listed to help learners understand how to contextualize logical connectors at both syntactic and discourse level.
Holoprosensefali’nin Prenatal Tanısında Ultrasonografi ve Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Kullanılması
Authors: ATIGAN Ayhan
Published: May 2019

Holoprosensefali (HPE), erken gestasyonel dönemde ön
beynin tamamen veya yetersiz ayrılmasıyla karakterli beynin yapısal bir
anomalisidir. HPE’lerin yaklaşık %80’nine, karakteristik kranyofasyal
anomaliler eşlik eder. HPE, yaklaşık 16.000 canlı doğumda ve 250 embryoda bir
ortaya çıkan, insanda sık görülen beyin defektidir. Sıklıkla, ilk kez gebelikteki
ultrason sırasında tanımlanır. Hafif ve orta derecede beyin anomalisi olan
infantlar ise yaşamın ilk yılının sonuna kadar tanı alamayabilirler.
Çalışmamızın amacı kliniğimizde HPE tanısı alan olguya eşlik eden ek
anomalileri incelemek ve bu bulguları literatür ile eşliğinde gözden
geçirmektir. Oldukça küçük başa sahip olan fetüslerde sonografik inceleme çok
zor olabilir ve HPE’ye ait bulgular kolaylıkla, ilk trimesterde gözden
kaçabilir. HPE’ye ait bulguların saptanabilmesi için ilk trimesterde fetusa ait
serebral yapıların çok dikkatli incelenmesi önemlidir.
APLICABILIDAD DE LOS MÉTODOS DE DEMIRJIAN Y CHAILLET EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LA EDAD DENTAL DE NIÑOS DEL ESTADO ZULIA, VENEZUELA
Authors: Ortega-Pertuz Ana Isabel , Espina-Fereira Ángela Irene , Fereira José Luis
Published: May 2019

Introducción: la edad dental (ED) es empleada en disciplinas clínicas para evaluar si el individuo se encuentra avanzado o atrasado en su desarrollo dentario, o bien para asignar la edad de sujetos vivos o fallecidos sin documentos válidos de identificación, y es de utilidad en la práctica forense. Objetivo: estudiar la aplicabilidad de los métodos de Demirjian et al revisado (1976) y Chaillet et al en la estimación de la ED en una muestra de niños y adolescentes venezolanos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de campo; para ello se analizaron 516 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes de ambos sexos con edades cronológicas entre 6 y 18 años. El desarrollo dental fue evaluado en los siete dientes inferiores izquierdos mediante los estadios de maduración propuestos en el método de Demirjian et al, mientras que el cálculo de la ED fue realizado de acuerdo a las tablas de referencia proporcionadas por cada método. Se obtuvieron estadísticas descriptivas, así como diferencias de media entre la edad cronológica (EC) y la ED estimada mediante un test de Student. Resultados: se observó sobreestimación de la edad por el método de Demirjian hasta los 15 años de edad, así como subestimación de la edad con el método de Chaillet. Considerando el total de la muestra, ambos métodos subestimaron la edad (Demirjian 0,20 ± 1,46; Chaillet 0,34 ± 1,39), y la diferencia entre EC y ED fue significativa (Demirjian p = 0,0002; Chaillet p = 0,000). Conclusiones: ambos métodos pueden ser empleados en la muestra estudiada, teniendo en cuenta que la ED debe ser valorada en conjunto con otros indicadores de maduración para la evaluación del desarrollo del individuo.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE RAW MATERIAL MIXTURE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE CEMENT ON THE BASIS OF FUEL-CONTAINING COAL PREPARATION WASTE
Authors: RIAZANOV Anton A. , LATYPOV Valery M. , RIAZANOV Aleksander N. , RIAZANOVA Victoriia A.
Published: May 2019

The article presents a method for calculating the composition of a two-component raw material mixture for producing lime-clay cement based on fuel-containing technogenic waste - gravitational waste of coal enrichment. A method for determining the optimal ratio of components in the charge, taking into account the calorifi c properties of the waste, is given. The key parameter, in this case, is the energy effi ciency ratio. The purpose of the calculation is to determine the ratio of components in the charge, which ensures maximum economy of process fuel. The results indicate the possibility of complete elimination of process fuel from the production cycle at the steady-state thermal process through the use of coal preparation waste.
TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN THE MICROGRID BASED ON A GROUP OF AUTONOMOUS OPERATING SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS
Authors: ARTYUKHOV Ivan I. , STEPANOV Sergey F. , ZEMTSOV Artem I. , TULEPOVA Gulsim N.
Published: May 2019

The current level of development of power electronics allows the creation of microgrids based on synchronous generators operating at diff erent speeds of rotation of the shaft. The management of energy fl ows in such networks and the provision of the specifi ed parameters of the generated electricity is carried out using converter devices. The article presents the results of the study of transient processes in the microgrid, in which the energy fl ows are summed on the DC bus. Simulation of the microgrid is performed using the MATLAB software package with the Simulinlk expansion pack. It is shown that to ensure the stability of the system, it is necessary to carry out an operational correction of the parameters of the automatic controller.
TECHNIQUE OF MONITORING OF NETWORKS OF HEATING BOILER ROOM ACCORDING TO THE COMMERCIAL ACCOUNT
Authors: NEMCHENKO Vladimir I. , POSASHKOV Mikhail V. , GUBIN Pavel A.
Published: May 2019

The technique of monitoring of production and consumption of thermal energy according to commercial and technological account on border of thermal networks of a heating boiler room is developed. The off ered approach on the basis of systems analysis allows to compare thermal loading, an expense, temperature and pressure of the heat carrier with their contractual values and to estimate quality indicators of heat supply. As an example results of monitoring of operation of the closed system of heat supply from an independent boiler room for a heating season of 2014-2015 are considered.
ANALYSIS OF PREPAREDNESS OF TOURIST AGENCIES OF UKRAINE TO WORK WITH INCLUSIVE TOURISTS
Authors: Belousova Natalyа
Published: May 2019

Goal. Taking into account socio-economic factors, to give an analysis of the readiness of modern Ukrainian travel agencies for the purpose of creating adapted tourist routes for inclusive tourists taking into account their special needs and to identify the problems of providing tourist services to people with inclusions, especially those with a disability of different nosologies.

Method. Analytical, comparative-geographical and synthetic methods were used.

Results. Analyzing the state of work of modern Ukrainian travel agencies for the development and introduction of tourist routes for inclusive tourists, especially for people with disabilities, the reluctance of travel agencies to deal with this segment of tourists on economic, medical and purely social aspects was revealed.

Scientific novelty. The state of readiness of travel agencies for work with inclusive tourists is analyzed, reasons of low level of interest of tour operators in developing routes for inclusive tourists, especially people with disabilities are revealed.

Practical significance. Materials of publication can be used during the educational process in higher educational institutions that train specialists for the Ukrainian tourist industry, practical activities of tour operators and agencies.
Educación Inclusiva para la Ciudadanía Europea: el doble itinerario
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Fran J. , Lopez-Torrijo Manuel , Gozálvez Vicent
Published: May 2019

La educación para la participación ciudadana es fundamental para Europa en este momento. La propia Comisión Europea y el Consejo lo reconocen en varios informes acerca de la hoja de ruta en materia educativa. Sin embargo, existen múltiples barreras de aprendizaje y de participación en los sistemas educativos de los estados miembros, lo que se dibuja un doble itinerario. Todos los ciudadanos europeos necesitan unos mínimos educativos que les permitan formar parte de proyectos comunes, pero esto implica una educación para todos, en equidad, con igualdad de oportunidades para desarrollarse y aportar a la sociedad las capacidades particulares que cada persona tiene. En otras palabras: esto requiere aceptar que la educación, o es inclusiva, o no es educación. A lo largo del artículo se revisa la literatura sobre este tema, realizando una interpretación crítica con el fin de argumentar cómo la Educación Inclusiva para la ciudadanía europea beneficia a todas las personas. De hecho, la segregación o dejar de tomar en consideración a determinados ciudadanos con ciertas limitaciones nos perjudica a todos y no conviene a nadie. El trabajo concluye con propuestas de mejora para implementar el modelo educativo europeo vigente.
Providing psychological support to pregnant women in childbirth by obstetrician service staff
Authors: Chernetskaya Nadezhda I. , Shumovskaya Olga A.
Published: May 2019

Aims of study. The aim of this study was to investigate the theoretical foundations of psychological support for women in childbirth during midwifery activities.

Results. An important condition for increasing the efficiency of the treatment process is not only taking into account the patient’s psychological peculiarities, but also providing psychological support to patients during medical care, in particular midwifery activity. Research on different aspects of psychological support is noted in the works of domestic and foreign psychologists who reveal the humanistic ideas of personal development interaction, requiring building a subject-subject relationship in the process of communication. A number of publications are presented in the modern literature concerning the role of psychological support in professional midwifery activities. According to the authors, this area is an important professional responsibility of obstetrician service staff. A special role is played by the psychological support of patients during childbirth. The relationship of the characteristics of the birth process with the emotional state of mothers is noted in modern literature. Psychological support for women in childbirth should be given with the knowledge of the patients’ specific psychological characteristics in this period. The state of consciousness of a woman in childbirth is one of the important psychological factors that require the attention of medical personnel. The altered state of consciousness (ASC) in childbirth, which has an adaptive role, is important for both active labor and reducing pain sensitivity in childbirth. A maladaptive ASC, on the contrary, interferes with the birth process and increase pain sensitivity. Depending on the activity, the psychological component of the generic dominant will manifest itself in an adaptive or maladaptive ASC, with psychological support for women during childbirth contributing to the activation of an  adaptive ASC.

Conclusion. Analysis of the psychological characteristics of women during childbirth showed the importance of considering the state of consciousness of the patient and the activity of the psychological component of the generic dominant when determining the strategy of psychological support.
Womenʼs professional sports: reproductive health, hormonal contraception, doping issues
Authors: Dzhemlikhanova Lyailya Kh. , Niauri Dariko A. , Safaryan Galina Kh. , Gzgzyan Alexander M.
Published: May 2019

The article presents an overview of current data regarding reproductive health in female athletes, rationale and possibility of hormonal contraception use, as well as the role of licit hormonal agent use in reproductive health maintenance and restoration among female athletes.
Examining Student Wellness for the Development of Campus-Based Wellness Programs
Authors: Franzidis Alexia F. , Zinder Steven M.
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite the many campus-based wellness programs and services offered through entities such as student services, many U.S. students lack the strategies, skills, or support systems to manage stress or change pre-existing behaviors, resulting in unhealthy behaviors and poor overall wellness. Since patterns developed during this time can form a solid foundation for future health behaviors, there is a need to develop and design wellness programs that stimulate positive health-behavior change.Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess student wellness of college students at a four-year public university to inform campus-based health programs, events, and services.Methods: An anonymous, single-structured survey was administered at an on-campus event (N = 225). The instrument covered six dimensions of wellness: physical wellness, social wellness, intellectual wellness, emotional wellness, spiritual wellness, and environmental wellness.Results: Significant differences for gender were found in the dimensions of social wellness, emotional wellness, and physical wellness.  Females reported higher levels of social and emotional wellness, while males reported higher levels of physical wellness. Differences in age for emotional wellness, and year of study for physical wellness were also found.Conclusions: Findings provide insight to direct interventions and programs that would enhance students' wellness knowledge and behaviors.
Online Dating and the Risk of Sexual Assault to College Students
Authors: Scannell Meredith Jean
Published: May 2019

Background: Advances in technology have created different platforms, such as online dating, where college students can meet other people. One serious risk factor of using online dating is the risk of sexual assault. Many sexual predators will use online dating as a method to connect with potential victims who are often vulnerable and trusting.Aim: This paper discusses the risk of sexual assault among college students who use online dating sites. Faculty can be pivotal in educating students on the dangers of online dating and sexual assault. In addition, faculty members are in a position to recognize signs students may be exhibiting after a sexual assault, offer advice, and provide linkage to necessary services.Results: Risk factors of sexual assault are explored in depth, including predatory tactics and the vulnerability specific to college students. Provided are key safety tips for online dating as well as recommendations regarding resources and reporting to law enforcement.Conclusions: Online dating is popular among college students. Educating students in safety factors will enable them to consider the potential dangers and risk of sexual assault. In addition, higher education institutions must consider the needs of students and provide links to resources, support systems and reporting mechanisms.
Board of Directors
Authors: BHAC Journal Building Healthy Academic Communities
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
Urinary brush border enzymes for early diagnosis of tubular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: T. Sasikala , Bitla Aparna R. , Sachan Alok
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of premature morbidity and mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hence new markers with better sensitivities are being investigated. The study was taken up to investigate whether urinary activities of N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase LDH) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) can be used as screening markers of renal dysfunction in patients suffering from T2DM.Methods: One hundred and four patients with T2DM along with 30 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their u-MA levels i.e. normoalbuminuric (group1), micro albuminuric (group 2) and macroalbuminuric (group 3).Results: Urinary enzymes activity was significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (p<0.05). NAG, ALP, LDH, and GGT were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group1 and group 2 (p<0.0001). NAG, ALP, LDH and GGT showed significant positive correlation with MA (p=0.0001, r=0.308; p=0.0001, r=0.369; p=0.002, r=0.304, p=0.044, r=0.202 respectively). GGT and LDH showed highest sensitivity (86.21%, 84.00% respectively) and specificity (78.57%,53.49% respectively) for diagnosing renal dysfunction in patients with normoalbuminuria.Conclusions: The study suggests that u-GGT and LDH can be useful markers for assessing renal dysfunction in T2DM patients even before microalbuminuria manifests.
Evaluation of cepheid GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection and rifampicin resistance in clinical specimen
Authors: Zahoor Danish , Wani Shameem , Wani Zaffer Nowshad
Published: May 2019

Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is important to treat the disease and to reduce transmission. The WHO recommends using GeneXpert MTB in developing, high-burden countries.  A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Xpert assay for the detection of M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in clinical specimen.Methods: About 615 consecutive samples were simultaneously subjected to culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility test for M. tuberculosis and analysis by GeneXpert assay. Confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a positive culture was used as a reference standard for TB diagnosis.Results: The assay achieved a sensitivity of 96.75% (268/277) and 76.47% (26/34) for smear positive and smear negative pulmonary specimen respectively. In extrapulmonary specimen, the sensitivity was 50% (1/2) and 42.8% (3/7) for smear positive and smear negative specimen respectively. An additional 48 M. tuberculosis were detected by Xpert assay which were smear and culture negative. The Xpert assay identified 100% of the phenotypic rifampicin susceptible isolates and 74.19% of the phenotypic rifampicin resistant isolates. Discordant results were seen in 8 (2.76%) isolates. 6 of these isolates were confirmed to be rifampicin resistant by the reference lab.Conclusions: Present study indicates that Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an effective and rapid tool for the rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sensitivity is comparable to culture in smear positive specimen but less sensitive than culture for smear negative specimen. In cases with high index of suspicion or discordance for rifampicin results, confirmation should be done by other methods due to false negative results on Xpert assay.
Prevalence of hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease at a tertiary care hospital in north India: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Dhar Amrit , Chandail Vijant S. , Sambyal Viney , Jamwal Vinu
Published: May 2019

Background: Hepatitis C and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both present an unsolved public health problem Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is easily transmitted in haemodialysis units and by kidney transplantation. HCV leads to increased mortality and morbidity due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, while accelerating the progression of CKD. The aim of the  study was to describe the demographic, clinical/biochemical profile and prevalence of patients with CKD who have HCV infection.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients with CKD who presented to out/in patient department of medicine in a tertiary care center in Jammu from a period of Feb 2016 to Nov 2018. Detailed clinical history along with previous lab reports were noted and tests for HCV infection were conducted in all patients. Diagnosis of HCV was made via HCV RNA(RT PCR) and positive  Anti HCV IgG serology.Results: Total 67 patients were included with median age of 54 years (range 43-72 years) with majority 76.1% being males, and 71.6% within 41-60 years age group. 31.4% were HCV positive out of which 81% were males. 7 patients were found to have co-infection with HIV and HBsAg. Genotype 1 (72%) was found to be more common than Genotype 3. Ultrasonography and Upper GI endoscopy showcased 57% with dilated spleenoportal axis  and oesophageal varices respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of HCV infection in CKD patients is high with genotype 1 being commonest. False negative Anti HCV antibody is common hence screening with HCV RNA is recommended. Strict universal precautions should be employed in hospitals and dialysis units to prevent transmission.
Fluorosis and its impact on thyroid hormones: a cross-sectional study in Bankura District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sinhamahapatra Prasanta , Banerjee Sumanta , Lahiri Subhayan
Published: May 2019

Background: Fluorosis is an important public health problem in India. Fluoride ions can interact with iodide which can leads to abnormal thyroid function.Methods: The present descriptive, community based study was conducted over a period of 1 year and 6 months in the endemic and non-endemic areas of Bankura district with the sample size of 200. High serum fluoride level (≥0.02 mg/L) was also noted in fluorosis endemic areas (39%) with respect to non-endemic areas (3%). Thyroid profiles were investigated among the participants.Results: Hypothyroidism was found to be higher in proportion in endemic regions (34%) with respect to non-endemic regions (20%). The levels of serum TSH, fT4 and fluoride in endemic areas were correlated significantly with non-endemic areas. Fluoride level was found to be in significant positive correlation with TSH level and in negative significant correlation with fT4 and fT3.Conclusions: High fluoride level could produce hypofunctioning of thyroid gland and so hypothyroidism was found to be higher in proportion in fluorosis endemic areas in respect to non-endemic areas.
Urinary calcium: a promising predictive biomarker for early recognition of environmental lead exposure in children
Authors: Nwobi Nnenna L. , Adedapo Solomon K. , Oyinlade Opebiyi A. , Olukolade Olugbemi , Lagunju Ikeoluwa A. , Atulomah Nnodimele O. , Nwazuoke Ikechukwu A. , Anetor John I.
Published: May 2019

Background: In the continuous search for accessible, reliable and sensitive biomarkers for early detection of environmental lead exposure, authors determined the interaction between blood lead level (BLL), the conventional marker of lead exposure, and the indices of calcium and bone metabolism in children.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 309 apparently healthy children from eight public primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria who were classified as Elevated BLL (EBLL) and control based on standard cut-off for childhood BLL. BLL, serum Ca (tCa), phosphate, magnesium (Mg), 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urinary calcium (uCa) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (uDPD) were determined using AAS, HPLC and ELISA as appropriate. Bone-specific ALP (B-ALP) and ionized calcium (iCa) were calculated using standard formulae. Data analyses involved Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: BLL and 25-OH-Vitamin D levels were increased in EBLL (0.4±0.1 µmol/L and 60.1±10.7 mmol/L) compared with control (0.2±0.0 µmol/L and 55.1±14.3 mmol/L) p <0.05. No significant differences existed in the levels of ALP, B-ALP, uCa, uDPD, tCa, iCa, phosphate and Mg in both groups (p>0.05). BLL had significant positive correlation with uCa (r=0.176, p=0.002) (p<0.05) but no significant correlation with uDPD, ALP, B-ALP, tCa, iCa, phosphate, Mg and 25-OH-Vitamin D (p>0.05). BLL could be accounted for by uCa by applying the equation, BLL=0.329+0.324uCa.Conclusions: Urinary calcium could be a promising predictive biomarker for early recognition of significant environmental lead exposure in children.
Emerging trends of traumatic brain injury in Western Uttar Pradesh, India: diagnosis and rehabilitation
Authors: Arfat Mohd. , Verma A. P. , Shukla Arvind , Mittal Kailash K.
Published: May 2019

Background: To study the various advance technology for the diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and find out Emerging trends occur in TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) patients.Methods: The present study was conducted with 500 patients, age between 02 year to 70 years mean age (36 Years) presenting to emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, with a history of acute head trauma from January 2016 to December 2018. All patients were examined using 64 slices MDCT and 1.5T MRI Scanner also.Results: Traumatic brain injury caused by various reasons like 62.1% road traffic accidents (RTA) and 25.1% fall from height (FFH) being and 11.83% Assault/hit by hard object and 0.88% are gunshot injury. Loss of consciousness was the most common complaint of the 59.1% TBI patients followed by 17.75% Vomiting and headache, 11.83% facial injury and 11.24% scalp injury. All TBI patients were diagnosed by MDCT 64 Slices Somatom Sensation Scanner who was observed 41.42% skull fractures, 29.28% extra dural hematoma, 27.21% sub dural hematoma, 23.96% sub archnoid haemorrhage, 13% intra cerebral hematoma, 30.17% brain contusions and 24.26% diffuse cerebral edema.Conclusions: Road traffic accidents remain the leading cause of trauma in our country. MRI and MDCT are well recognized method to know the extent and various types of hemorrhages and skull fractures in TBI patients. The present study data is indicated 62.1% majority of TBI patients are suffered by Road traffic accidents mainly young males with alcoholism.
An evaluation of proper inhaler technique and adherence to treatment in asthma patients
Authors: P. Abdul Hashim K. , Ayoob Muhammed Anas
Published: May 2019

Background: Medications used to manage Asthma is delivered via inhaler devices. Proper usage of these devices are required for effective medication delivery. Aim of this study is assess the degree of proper inhaler technique and adherence to treatment among adult asthma patients.Methods: Patients using inhalers were identified and interviewed regarding inhaler use. Checklists were used to document the adherence to manufacturers’ directions for each respective inhaler, and data were then tabulated and assessed for the types of inhalers used, incorrectly performed steps in using the inhalers, as well as demographic information of patients.Results: Out of 120 patients that taken as subjects, twenty-four percent of inhalers (29/120) used incorrectly, with the most common errors being improper priming, lack of proper exhalation prior to inhaling the medication, and absence of rinsing mouth following the use of inhaled corticosteroid. Furthermore, only 60% of the patients are adherent to asthma medications.Conclusions: Inhaler technique among adult patients is substandard and is considered a key area for physicians to more proactive in educating patients. For obtaining most accurate therapeutic advantage among patients with inhalers, proper instruction and demonstration regarding inhaler use need to be given to all patients, particularly elderly patients.
Effectiveness of administration of bronchodilator by spacers, home-made spacers and nebulizers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lesmana Andrean , Tarigan Amira Permatasari , Syarani Fajrinur
Published: May 2019

Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchodilator therapy using dry powder inhaler (DPI) or a measured dose inhaler (MDI) is more convenient at a lower cost than nebulizer therapy. Mistakes in the use of MDI often occur due to lack of coordination but with the addition of spacers, drawbacks in the use of this MDI can be overcome so that it does not require coordination. Commercial spacers are relatively expensive and not available anywhere while home-made spacers made from bottles of mineral water are very cheap and can be made alone. Study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of each device, namely a spacer, a home-made spacer and nebulizer.Methods: This study is an experimental study of 62 COPD patients who received bronchodilators using spacers, home-made spacers, and nebulizers. Spirometry is performed for each sample before and after bronchodilator administration to assess FEV1, KVP and changes in VAS dyspnea. The difference in the effectiveness of bronchodilators for various devices in COPD patients was statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test.Results: There were significant differences in the values of VEP1, KVP and VAS dyspnoea after bronchodilator administration through the spacer, home-made spacer and nebulizer (p<0.001), (p=0.002), (p<0.001). The increase in% VEP1 with a nebulizer device was higher than that of a spacer (p=0.001) and the increase in% VEP1 with the nebulizer device was also significantly significant compared to home-made spacer (p<0.001). The increase in% KVP with the nebulizer device was higher than that of home-made spacer (p<0.001), as well as between spacers and home-made spacers and this was significant (p=0.038). The decrease in VAS dyspnoea in patients using nebulizer device than the spacer (p<0.001). Decreasing VAS dyspnoea with nebulizer devices is higher compared to home-made spacers, also gives significant results (p<0.001). There were no differences in the decrease in VAS dyspnoea between spacers and home-made spacers.Conclusions: The administration of bronchodilators by use of three devices (spacers, home-made spacers and nebulizers) can significantly increase the values of FEV1, KVP and VAS dyspnoea. On the use of spacers and home-made spacers, the increase of pulmonary physiological values is not significantly different.
Assessment of respiratory morbidity among loading and unloading workers exposed to cement dust
Authors: Krishna Lalu , Pandarikkal Jagadees R. , Sreedharan Ranjith , Sampson Ursula , Annamala P. T. , Unni Kumudam M.
Published: May 2019

Background: A higher incidence of occupational diseases has been reported recently compared to the past years. One of the industries where workers are remarkably exposed to dust is cement industry. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate pulmonary functions and biochemical parameters of workers exposed to cement dust in factories and construction sites, but few were concentrated among loading and unloading workers of warehouses. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the effect of cement dust among loading and unloading workers of cement warehouses.Methods: This study was conducted among 82 exposed (cement dust) and 82 non-exposed individuals. Frequency of symptoms, biochemical parameters and spirometric values were taken from all subjects. Spirometric parameters recorded were, forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume (FEV1), FEV1/FVC% and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).Results: Out of exposed group, 51.2% had cough, 46.3% had rhinitis 45.2% had breathlessness. FEV1 and FVC showed significant reduction while FEV1/FVC values were normal. No significant changes were seen in renal function tests or liver function tests. Mean value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was found to be significantly increased.Conclusions: Compared to normal healthy adults the loading and unloading workers in cement warehouses showed restrictive lung disease and an increase in ESR representing a non-specific inflammatory change. A continuous bio monitoring of health status must be initiated for these employees and awareness campaigns regarding the exposure and use of standardized protective devices must be mandated.
Study of various reasons for interruption of anti-tubercular treatment in patients of tuberculosis reporting to tertiary care center of west Rajasthan
Authors: Yadav Gulab S. , Jangid Vinod K. , Mathur Brij B.
Published: May 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is a major cause of death in India. Premature cessation of treatment in tuberculosis patient is a leading cause for developing MDR (multidrug resistant tuberculosis) as well as a major threat to control programs. Despite the easy approach and free of cost, availability to antitubercular medicines the interruptions of the treatment are still on a high. So, we analyzed  such various reasons  leading to interrupt the antitubercular treatment.Methods: Total 150 patients who interrupted the antitubercular treatment, were interviewed with a predesigned questionnaire and the result was analyzed.Results: Out of total 150 patients 115 (76.7%)  male and 35 (23.3%)  female were interviewed, who were  having  history of antitubercular treatment interruption. Out of 150 patients, 79 (52.7%) patients stopped their treatment because of improvement. Total 25 (16.7%) patients had stopped their treatment because of high cost, 16 (10.7%) due to personal/family reason, 17 (11.4%) patients had stopped their treatment due to nausea/vomiting/anorexia, 5 (3.3%) due to alcoholism/drug or other addiction, 2 (1.3%) patients  had stopped their treatment because they were advised to stop it  by health personnel and long distance travelled to take drugs.Conclusions: Improvement of symptoms was  the most common reason  in patients who received DOTS treatment and high cost of treatment in patients who received non DOTS treatment. Poor education and socioeconomic status of society are the other reasons for possible treatment interruptions because as soon as the patient improves, they move out to earn their wages to run the family with the unavoidable default from the treatment.