bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Role of Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer – A Review
Authors: Nagi Ravleen
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Medicinal plants and their extracts have been found to possess potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties that slow down the cellular proliferation and malignant transformation rate of orally potential malignant disorders such as oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral lichen planus. They are a potential source of antioxidants such as vitamin A, E, and C that neutralize the free radicals produced in various oral mucosal lesions thereby preventing the mucosal damage. They have been found to modulate cellular signalling pathways and, this activation influences the cellular defence mechanisms that protect the normal cells against reactive oxygen species or reactive metabolites and induces apoptotic death of cancerous cells, thus chemoprevention ensues to prevent, reverse or delay carcinogenesis. They have been studied to enhance tumour cell killing and inhibition of metastasis by increasing number of immunocompetent cells such as macrophages, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and by recruitment of antibodies at the tumour site. Now a days, natural herbs or phytochemicals are gaining attention due to side effects and increased antimicrobial resistance that often occur with prolonged use of chemotherapeutic agents. Therapeutic effect of phytochemicals in oral PMDs is very promising as they prevent the progression of dysplasia from mild to severe. Literature has revealed significant reduction in burning sensation, difficulty in swallowing and speech, and pain associated with the oral mucosal lesion. However, more research should be conducted in future to establish their use as an adjunctive therapy in oral potentially malignant disorders. By this review, an attempt has been made to highlight therapeutic potential of diverse herbs such as aloe vera, tulsi, neem, curcumin, lycopene, green and black tea, peppermint etc. in the reduction of clinical symptoms of burning sensation and pain associated with the oral mucosal lesions, and discusses their indispensable role in prevention of oral cancer. KEY WORDS Antioxidants, Chemoprevention, Phytochemicals, Oral Cancer
Ligament Balancing in Severe Osteoarthritis Knee with Large Cyst and Bursae - A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Lakhani Amit , Sharma Ena , Compos Martins Jose Antonio De , Alcada Rita
Published: April 2021

The main indication of total knee replacement (TKR) is pain and restricted range of motion of the knee. The key to a successful total knee replacement is correct alignment in flexion and extension. Here we report a case of TKR in severe osteoarthritis (O / A) knee with a large cyst on the medial side of the knee, resulting in the problem of ligament balancing and management with help of an Arthrex Internal brace. Proper diagnosis and treatment plan help to overcome the challenging cases of varus knee. The indication of total knee replacement is pain and restricted range of motion of the knee. Several authors have reported successful outcomes on patient satisfaction in the follow-up of almost ten to fifteen years. 1 Additionally, the results of surgery are satisfactiry with good implant survival. 2 But some patients indeed have poor results and some may require revision surgery in a short duration. The key to a successful total knee replacement is correct alignment and stability in flexion and extension.3 The ligament after balancing of the correctly aligned knee must consider the function of the resected ligaments in flexion and extension, because in TKR both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are usually sacrificed. In other words, total knee replacement is a soft tissue surgery in which bone is replaced. In the varus knee, medial side structures are tight and compensatory laxity on the lateral side. So knee stability should be managed by the remaining ligamentous structures that are both medial and lateral collateral and capsular ligaments. 4 The gap technique is the gold standard for ligament balancing in total knee replacement. 5 That is the execution of equal medial and lateral gaps as well as balanced flexion and extension gaps. This is usually obtained by medial side release in varus knee as the medial side is contracted and lateral side release in valgus knee accordingly. Here we report a case of TKR in severe osteoarthritis knee with a large cyst on the medial side of the knee, resulting in the problem of ligament balancing and management.
Apresentação
Authors: Medeiros Jucélia Linhares Granemann de , Oliveira e Silva Yara Fonseca de
Published: April 2021

A formação do professor é uma preocupação permanente de pesquisadores da área da Educação, não apenas por ser de interesse da sociedade contemporânea – que reivindica um profissional com formação sólida para acompanhar a complexidade deste momento histórico, que impõe inúmeros desafios –, mas também por ser uma discussão que contribui para a garantia da qualidade do ensino e da aprendizagem. Tais exigências tornam-se ainda mais prementes quando se trata da Educação Especial e seus atendimentos, perpassando todos os diferentes níveis e modalidades educativas. Por isso, o destaque deste dossiê é para o atendimento educacional em ambiente hospitalar ou domiciliar, uma nova área de estudo que já apresenta um expressivo número de trabalhos voltados para a educação de estudantes em estado de doença.
Impressões sobre o ensinar e o aprender em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Gomes Ana Lúcia
Published: April 2021

A severidade da pandemia do COVID-19 levou à adoção de medidas para diminuir o contágio entre as pessoas pelo vírus. Considerando a dinâmica escolar, que envolve interação próxima e aglomerações, decidiu-se pela suspensão das atividades escolares presenciais. Face a possíveis efeitos negativos na aprendizagem optou-se pela continuidade do ensino de forma remota. O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre as impressões que professores, alunos e pais têm a respeito do processo de ensino-aprendizagem remoto usado pelas escolas particulares da cidade do Rio de Janeiro ante a pandemia. O estudo de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, envolveu 36 participantes. Como metodologia usamos a entrevista não-estruturada. Os resultados sinalizaram especificidades de cada grupo e indicaram que apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas  eles desenvolveram uma nova postura diante do processo de ensino-aprendizagem como um todo e descobriram outras possibilidades para ensinarem e aprenderem no contexto do ensino emergencial a distância.
Práticas docentes inovadoras e insurgentes: interdisciplinaridade e contextualização como possíveis caminhos
Authors: Mattos Sandra Maria Nascimento de , Oliveira Keila Ferreira de
Published: April 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar práticas docentes inovadoras e insurgentes que buscaram, na interdisciplinaridade e na constextualização dos saberes por intermédio dos alunos, transgridir o que está posto. Essas práticas foram desenvolvidas com a implantação do Projeto “Espaço Horta na Escola”, visando modificar o olhar da comunidade escolar a respeito do trabalho desenvolvido na Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Cora Coralina, Cacoal – RO, Brasil. Adotamos como metodologia a observação participante e a realização de rodas de conversas para produzir os dados. Nessa perspectiva, a observação das práticas docentes inovadoras e insurgentes, que foram assim caracterizadas por demonstrarem ações originais ou não, mas que incorporaram renovação à intenção docente, são um caminho para ultrapassar o que está instituído nas salas de aula. Apontamentos que existem desafios, mas que podem ser superados quando são utilizadas estratégias de ensino e de aprendizagem diversificadas, promovendo práticas eficazes e significativas.
Interdisciplinaridade e Alfabetização Científica: um ensaio sobre os dois lados da mesma moeda
Authors: Camas Nuria Pons Vilardell , Lambach Marcelo , Souza Fernando Roberto Amorim
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho visa buscar nos fundamentos teóricos elementos para um diálogo entre a interdisciplinaridade e a alfabetização científica. Parte do pressuposto de que o ensino fragmentado em um currículo compartimentado em disciplinas se constitui como uma barreira para a construção do conhecimento, tendo em vista que, por via de regra, as disciplinas são fechadas em si, sem diálogo umas com as outras. O texto segue balizado por um questionamento: é possível a alfabetização científica sem a perspectiva interdisciplinar? Em face da natureza proposta para este trabalho, tenta-se um convite, sem convergência ao fim, a nos colocar em um estado dialético sobre nossa própria prática docente diante dos desafios na promoção da alfabetização científica. Conclui-se que, em virtude da compartimentação do currículo escolar, a alfabetização científica não logrará êxitos sem a perspectiva da interdisciplinaridade no ensino de ciências.
Atendimento educacional em ambiente hospitalar: visão do estudante portador de paralisia cerebral sobre direitos e formação
Authors: Medeiros Jucélia Linhares Granemann de , Oliveira e Silva Yara Fonseca de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada em 2020 e que investigou o olhar de cinco estudantes portadores de paralisia cerebral hospitalizados sobre o atendimento educacional que recebiam, os seus direitos, o espaço do hospital e o papel do professor. Para a investigação, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram levantados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e atividades mediadas pela pesquisadora, à luz de documentos legais e estudos sobre o atendimento educacional. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes reconheciam seus direitos a essa assistência pedagógico-hospitalar, mas acreditavam que esse atendimento precisava ser melhorado. No que diz respeito à atuação do professor, afirmaram que ele tem contribuído para dar continuidade a seus processos de aprendizagem, mas que, via de regra, carecem de formação de qualidade para o atendimento educacional hospitalar.
Planejamento Educacional Individulizado na Classe Hospitalar: apontamentos de professores em um curso de formação reflexiva colaborativa
Authors: Gonçalves Adriana Garcia , Pacco Aline Ferreira Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

A partir da necessidade de formação frente ao atendimento escolar hospitalar, bem como, a importância do planejamento frente a esse serviço, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os estudos de casos e Planejamentos Educacionais Individualizados (PEIs) desenvolvidos pelos 22 participantes de um curso de formação reflexiva colaborativa. A pesquisa se constitui em caráter colaborativo com abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma diretoria de ensino, onde ocorreu um curso de formação continuada colaborativa, em que foram realizados cinco encontros presenciais e foram disponibilizadas cinco unidades didáticas na plataforma online do Google Classroom. Ao se pensar nas possibilidades de desenvolvimento das atividades escolares dentro do ambiente escolar hospitalar, notou-se que o PEI se constitui como uma ação favorável tanto para o aluno, como para o professor, levando em consideração que esse tipo de planejamento evidencia as principais necessidades e potencialidades do aluno, algo que é imprescindível quando o mesmo se encontra hospitalizado.
You are Victim: The Depiction of Enemies in Japanese Super Hero Series
Authors: Hermawan Daniel
Published: April 2021

The depiction of Super-Villain in Japanese Super Hero series usually showing the western country as the main villain. The result of World War II primarily influences this. Nevertheless, recently there have been several Super Hero Series that depicted the minorities as the main villain. The purpose of this study is to present the issue of minorities in the Japanese Super Hero Series. Through the cultural study approach, this paper will discuss how minorities being represented by the antagonist character, Roimudde. This study had two aims (i) how does the Roimudde representing the minorities in Japanese society. (ii) how the characters Heart and Medic represent that minorities were victims of society. We found that the Roimudde was a different race from humans representing the minorities through content analysis of the Children television series Kamen Rider Drive. At the same time, Heart and Medic have painful memories that made them grudge toward humanity. It is also mean that this film was recognizing the minorities as the victim of prejudice by society. It is necessary to throw all prejudice to other people just because of physical or race differences to enter transnational society without prejudice.
Analysis of Development Patterns of Built Land and Spatial Structure in Bandung City Using Landsat 8 Image Data
Authors: Mukhoriyah Mukhoriyah , Arifin Samsul , Dewi Esthi Kurnia , Silvia Silvia
Published: April 2021

The development of an urban area and the increasing totally of population growth greatly affect the need for land. To satisfy these needs, the land changes into built land which causes the density of an area. This study aims to analyze the development pattern of built land and the spatial structure of Bandung City. The data used are the 2015-2020 Landsat 8 time series imagery, the 2019 SPOT-6 imagery, and the administrative boundary map. The analytical methods used to identify and differentiate between built and non-built land classes are NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the OTSU method with a threshold of 0.1. Based on the analysis, the results obtained are that the changes in the area of built and non-built land in 2015 amounted to 7,115.9 Ha and in 2017 it was 5,977.3 Ha and for 2 years the area decreased by 4%. Meanwhile, in 2017-2019 there was an increase of 2%, and in 2020 it decreased by 2% again. Based on the results of the analysis, the development pattern of land developed in the city of Bandung generally spreads from the city center to the suburbs, which are used as service / government centers, trade and service areas, and infrastructure. With this spreading pattern, the spatial structure is in the form of multiple nuclei or evenly distributed throughout the city of Bandung, where the City Center or CBD is used as a landmark for the surrounding areas. The high development pattern of built land has an impact on the surrounding environment, especially residential areas that have high building density causing the settlement area to become slum and reduce water catchment areas. The conclusion of this study is that the changes in the built-in land from 2015-2020 decreased by 3%, with the development pattern of the constructed land spreading out following the form of the road network, both arterial, collector and local roads.
Di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Syariat: Islam, Islamisme dan Demokrasi di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Adnan Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Kajian ini dikhususkan pada dimamika relasi Islam, Islamisme dan demokrasi di Surakarta. Kajian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap beberapa aktivis Islam dan aktivis Islam politik. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori sikap dan teori identitas untuk menjajagi sejauhmana sikap mereka terhadap praktik demokrasi, yaitu pemilihan kepala daerah dan pemilihan anggota legislatif. Seberapa kuat peran identitas ke-Islam-an mereka menyikapi pemilihan tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan,  aktivis Islam non-politik terbagi  dalam dua kelompok. Satu kelompok dapat menerima demokrasi secara utuh tanpa dikaitkan dengan persoalan syariat, bahkan demokrasi  diangggap sudah sesuai dengan syariat. Sebaliknya, kelompok kedua  menerima demokrasi tetapi menekankan pentingnya memiliki pemimpin Islam. Kalaupun yang terpilih non Muslim, mereka bisa menerima tetapi dengan kondisi terpaksa. Sikap ini juga berlaku untuk pemilihan anggota legislatif. Kelompok Islam politik juga terbagi menjadi dua sikap yaitu kelompok Islamis-idealis dan Islamis-realis. Kelompok yang idealis total menolak praktik demokrasi termasuk pemimpin non-Islam. Kelompok realis, masih bisa menerima demokrasi tetapi haram memilih pemimpin non Islam. Praktik demokrasi di Surakarta untuk waktu yang tidak bisa ditentukan akan senantiasa dibayang-bayangi tiga fenomema. Pertama, dominasi sikap aktivis Islam yang menggunakan standar syariat menurut interpretasi mereka dalam memilih pemimpin politik. Kedua, dominasi sikap aktivis Islam politik yang lebih total dalam menggunakan standar syariat yaitu menetapkan keharaman dalam memilih pemimpin non Islam. Ketiga, sikap Islamis-idealis yang total menolak sistem demokrasi, meskipun pemimpin yang terpilih beragama Islam.
Green synthesis of the plant assisted nanoparticles from Euphorbia neriifolia L. and its application in the degradation of dyes from industrial waste
Authors: Nayak Shubhada S , Wadhawa Gurumeet C , Pathade K B , Shivankar Vitthal S , Mirgane Nitin A
Published: April 2021

In the world industries are growing very rapidly resulting in fast development. Various industries are coming up such as that of dyes, paints, pharmaceuticals etc. Dyes are used in various industries and release pollutants in the environment. It is necessary to remove such pollutants from the environment. Euphorbia neriifolia L. grow as the weed in the forests of the konkan region in waste land area. This weed is a typical latex bearing plant. This latex can be converted into the powder under sun drying process. This powder can be used for the preparation of Fe nanoparticles. The plant assisted synthesized nanoparticles have good particle size, morphology and band gap. These nanoparticles used for the degradation of the dye like Methylene Blue and Methylene Red from the industrial waste. It gives very good results. We can develop new catalyst for the degradation of the dyes from the industrial waste. It act as good catalyst by the simple non form of the catalyst. This catalyst is derived from the plant Euphorbia neriifolia L. latex.
Effects of rhizome and root trimming on the growth and survival of Phyllospadix iwatensis transplants: a case study in Shandong Peninsula, China
Authors: Hou Xin , Cheng Ran , Song Jia , Zhong Chongfeng , Zhang Pei-dong , Kang Bin , Li Wen-Tao
Published: April 2021

Surfgrass Phyllospadix iwatensis has been declining in the past decades. Transplantation is considered to be the best option to restore the degraded surfgrass beds due to its low seed production. To develop a surfgrass transplanting strategy to increase transplant survival rate and also to minimize damage to donor beds when harvesting transplants, an experiment was conducted to assess the effects of rhizome and root trimming on transplant survival and growth. P. iwatensis shoots with different rhizome and root trimming treatments were planted in a subtidal area in Mashanli at the east end of Shandong Peninsula, China in September 2018, and after the transplantation, a bi-monthly sampling had been conducted for one year. The results showed that, at the early stage of transplantation, the transplant survival rates of all four treatment groups decreased to the lowest at four months after transplantation, and then gradually increased until reaching at least 103.2% in all the treatment groups at the end of the experiment, and the transplants with roots on both short and long rhizomes had a significantly higher survival rate than those without roots. The results also showed that, although the morphological measurements, as well as the above- and below-ground productivity varied greatly with time and among different treatments during the study period, most of them showed no significant differences between treatments at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that surfgrass shoots with roots and a short rhizome are the most strongly recommended transplant candidates, and those with a short rhizome without roots are also good candidates, which might help make full use of harvested plants, optimize transplant harvesting strategies, and hence minimize damage to donor meadows.
Communities Beyond Society: Divergence of Local Prehistories on the Bothnian Arc, Northern Europe
Authors: Hakonen Aki
Published: April 2021

This article presents a comparison of material records of two nearby regions on the coast of the Bothnian Bay. The timeframe is 5300–2000 BCE. The focus is on regional differences, which indicate a schizmogenesis of communal identities. The study calls for a reorientation of research concerning Fennoscandian prehistory. More attention should be paid to localized prehistories. It is argued that when prehistoric society is used as a fundamental group category, especially in the context of forager communities, the modern concept of state society distorts the underlying framework. Focusing on the regional level by constructing local prehistoric narratives limits the anachronistic effect and allows the proliferation of local communal identities. Such local prehistories, when collated and compared, offer a pathway to understanding prehistoric stateless societies, which are misrepresented by simplistic material cultural zones and the inherent homogeny ingrained within the concept of society. In this paper, the analysis is focused on practices representing local traditions. Two divergent themes that arise from the local prehistoric narratives are the Late Mesolithic use of local stone materials and regional changes in Neolithic dwelling forms.
Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde: Seminarbuch für Medizinstudenten an der Pécs Universität
Authors: Lujber László
Published: April 2021

In diesem Buch werden die genauen diagnostischen Bewertungen der verschiedenen Erkrankungen in der Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde behandelt, die Kopf- und Halschirurgie erfordert besondere praktische Fähigkeiten. Lujber‘s Seminarbuch zu Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde beschreibt ausführlich die Standard-HNO-Verfahren wie die Untersuchung des Ohrs, der Nase, des Rachens, der Mundhöhle und des Halses. Es liefert Informationen über die damit verbundene Anatomie und mögliche pathologische Befunde. In jedem Kapitel sind Abbildungen, Fotos und Videos zu finden, um das Lernen und Abrufen zu erleichtern. Es ist ein wesentlicher praktischer Leitfaden und ein wertvolles Instrument für Studenten, die Medizin studieren und sich auf die HNO-Prüfung an der Universität Pécs in Ungarn vorbereiten, aber auch für Auszubildende, Assistenzärzte und Fachärzte. Außerdem behandelt das Buch die Verfahren der künstlichen Ernährung, der Entfernung von Fremdkörpern, der Myringotomie und der Behandlung des Nasenblutens. Die praktischen Videos sind leicht zugänglich und können mithilfe von QR-Codes direkt auf das Mobiltelefon des Lesers heruntergeladen werden. Die deutschsprachige Version wurde von Medizinstudierenden, der Universität Pécs, mitherausgegeben und übersetzt. Die schnelle Ausgabe und Veröffentlichung des Buches waren nur mit ihrer wertvollen Hilfe, ehrenwerte Einstellung und Professionalität möglich.
Spatial Injustice in Johannesburg in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Kihato Caroline Wanjiku , de Villiers Sarah , Mohamed Sumayya , Mohulatsi Bonolo
Published: April 2021

Densely populated informal housing has mushroomed in formerly segregated South African townships, attracting migrants who survive on the edges of the economy, excluded from basic services. In the pandemic, they have been even more vulnerable, unable to practice social distancing and forced to continue with marginal work such as scavenging to eke out a living. Drawing on interviews with residents of a Johannesburg settlement, the authors emphasize how urban space structures inequalities in every aspect of everyday life, requiring a new approach to city planning and governance with a focus on justice.
La protección penal de la vida, salud e integridad física de los trabajadores ante el SARS-COV-2 y la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Rodríguez Vázquez Virxilio
Published: April 2021

El 11 de marzo de 2020 la OMS declaró la alerta por pandemia internacional debido al SARS-CoV-2 y la enfermedad derivada, COVID-19. El Gobierno español decretó el estado de alarma por crisis sanitaria el 14 de marzo de 2020. Tras sucesivas prórrogas, el estado de alarma finalizó el día 21 de junio de 2020. No obstante, el virus no está erradicado, permaneciendo el riesgo de contagio, de desarrollo de la enfermedad y, consecuentemente, la necesidad de mantener medidas estrictas de protección. En este contexto, este trabajo plantea dos preguntas. La primera es si la infracción de normas de prevención de riesgos laborales derivados del SARS-CoV-19 y la enfermedad asociada, puede dar lugar a responsabilidad penal. En caso de que la respuesta sea afirmativa, la segunda pregunta sería quién puede ser responsable penalmente de dicha infracción.
Use of Negative Apical Pressure Technique for Removal of Apically Extruded Gutta-percha Fragment
Authors: ARSLAN Hakan , DOĞANAY YILDIZ Ezgi , KARATAŞ Ertuğrul
Published: April 2021

The aim of this case report was to present using
negative apical pressure technique for removal of apically extruded
gutta-percha during retreatment procedures. A 22 year-old female patient was
referred to the clinic with severe pain, swelling, and tenderness to percussion
and palpation in the tooth of #26. Periapical radiograph showed previous root
canal treatment of tooth #26 with incomplete root canal fillings. During
retreatment procedures gutta-percha apically extruded from mesial root canal. The
patient was recalled after one day. At the second session, it was observed that
the swelling was increased. One of the tips for calcium hydroxide paste
application was adjusted to suction of dental unit. Tip was placed into the
canal as deep as possible. After a few attempts, apically extruded gutta-percha
was removed and the patient was recalled after one day. At one day from the
fragment removal, the swelling was decreased. Calcium hydroxide paste was
placed into the canals for one week. At the fourth session, the patient was
asymptomatic and the treatment was completed at this session. Keywords: gutta-percha, negative
apical pressure, retreatment
Análisis crítico de las políticas públicas que garantizan la propiedad de la tierra de la mujer rural
Authors: Tascón Rodríguez Martha Liliana
Published: April 2021

Colombia ha atravesado, en los últimos años, por diversos acontecimientos sociohistóricos generados por el conflicto armado, que a su vez se ha derivado de la desigualdad social, especialmente en lo referente a la propiedad de la tierra. Se han adelantado varios procesos con grupos al margen de la ley durante diferentes gobiernos, que han pretendido alcanzar la tan anhelada paz, inclinándose por concebir un espacio sociopolítico ajustado a una nueva realidad social, que permita la participación política de nuevos actores y, de esta manera, generar una política más incluyente. Algunos grupos armados, como las disidencias de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) y el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), han participado de manera activa en estos procesos; sin embargo, y pese a los logros alcanzados con los Acuerdos, el fenómeno del conflicto armado en el país se ha trasformado, impactando así diferentes esferas de la sociedad. Estas luchas oscilan desde la disputa por el poder político hasta el control y la tenencia de la tierra, lo que hace que el territorio se considere un elemento esencial de la lucha armada, por lo que esta propende por una nueva redistribución de la tierra, es decir, una reforma agraria. El Gobierno nacional ha implementado políticas públicas con un enfoque de género, acción que tiene por objetivo asegurar el retorno de la familia a la zona rural y, así, garantizar, entre otras exigencias, el autoabastecimiento que brinde condiciones de vida digna para la familia y, en especial, para la mujer.
Tropas extranjeras, tránsito de tropas y operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz
Authors: Vásquez Hincapié Daniel José
Published: April 2021

Este artículo pretende dar claridad a conceptos fundamentales como tropa, tropa extranjera y tropa en tránsito, entre otros términos, al igual que explicar algunos temas relacionados con la misión de las tropas extranjeras en operaciones de paz, toda vez que la llegada al país de una brigada norteamericana de Asistencia de Fuerza de Seguridad (SFAB), con el fin de ayudar a Colombia en su lucha contra el narcotráfico, ha causado diversas controversias en el Senado, principalmente porque no se tiene claridad sobre los conceptos en cuestión. Se considera que se debe hacer una distinción legal del concepto de tropas y, en equivalencia, hacer una definición de tropas extranjeras.
Linguistic Awareness of the Prepositional Phrase Complexities in the English as a Foreign Language Context
Authors: Zapata-Leal Chinger Enrique , Ávila-Portuanto María Cecilia
Published: April 2021

This essay focuses on a description of the complexities of Prepositional Phrases (PPs) and their challenges for EFL learners. The rationale is to raise language awareness of the multifaceted nature of the PP in teachers and students. The grammatical explanations offered in the literature review are based on Functional Grammar. Moreover, previous research conducted addressing the issues of EFL learners facing problems with PPs are proposed in four configurations: semantic, syntactic, lexical and socio-cultural. Such configurations address scenarios for the identification of multiple meanings, different syntactic functions and structures, regional variations, typology, formal and informal language usage, among others, which represent obstacles and difficulties in the comprehension of the topic by EFL learners. Finally, we conclude that the limited use of syntactic functions, poor internal configuration of PPs, as well as the high frequency of errors reported by previous research indicate PPs are complex to use. Thereby, explicitly reinforcing the teaching of all the configurations of PPs is suggested.
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GIVEN THE NATURAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND THE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT OF UKRAINE
Authors: Nakonechna Katerina , Samsonova Viktoriya
Published: April 2021

Introduction. There is a need to develop fundamentally new theoretical methodological approach that wouldsuccessfully solve the problems of economy and management in the field of government support for agricultural production.Problem Statement. Recommendations in favor of expediency of government support measures for agricultural production are questioned in Ukraine and in other world countries. The importance of agricultural production for the economy of Ukraine and the importance of government support for its development are drivers offurther research.Purpose. The purpose is to substantiate the expediency of government support of agricultural production on the basis of the analysis of natural climatic and production factors to ensure reproduction, efficient use of budget funds, and growth of agricultural production.Materials and Methods. The following methods have been used: monographic, scientific abstraction and constructive (while forming the basics of general methodology); structurally-functional connections (during the study of variational diversity of natural climatic and productive conditions of Ukraine as the main criterion for the creation and functioning of government support for agricultural production); a combination of quantitativeand qualitative analysis (while forming relationships among the cost parameters of the “green”, “yellow”, and “blue boxes”).Results. The situation regarding government support in Ukraine has been analyzed through the prism of natural climatic and productive factors. Ukraine is characterized by a rather large spatial and geographical diversity. To estimate the intensity and trends in the production development, the indicator of agricultural production output has been used.Conclusions. We suggest that as the synthetic soil quality index of regional lands increases, the budget expenditure shall decrease, and vice versa.
ПРО СУТНІСТЬ ІНСТИТУТІВ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТА ЇХ РОЛЬ В ІННОВАЦІЙНІЙ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Lyashenko V. , Soldak M.
Published: April 2021

Вступ. В умовах сучасної промислової революції Україні потрібна реіндустріалізація на засадах інноваційної модернізації, яка неможлива без створення відповідних інститутів.Проблематика. Формування та реалізація сучасної політики регіонального розвитку, яка спрямована за активізацію інноваційної діяльності, вимагає пошуку нових можливостей через створення та ефективну дію інститутів регіонального розвитку. Мета. Обґрунтування теоретичних підходів до розуміння сутності інститутів регіонального розвитку та їхньої ролі в інноваційній модернізації економіки.Матеріали й методи. Використано теоретичне надбання економічного вчення провідних учених з проблем інституційної обумовленості інноваційних процесів. Дослідження базується переважно на інституціональній парадигмі тапередбачає синтез інституціонального та еволюційного підходів.Результати. Інститути регіонального розвитку запропоновано розглядати у широкому розумінні як диференційовані регуляторні режими, які створюють умови для досягнення бажаного соціально-економічного стану системи вцілому через надання можливості господарюючим суб’єктам вилучати інноваційну ренту; у вузькому розумінні, інститути регіонального розвитку — це організації різної організаційно-правової форми, які є елементами регіональноїінноваційної інфраструктури і забезпечують розвиток і підтримку всіх стадій інноваційного процесу, мінімізуючи трансакційні витрати.Висновки. Висунуто гіпотезу що інститути регіонального розвитку — це не тільки організації, механізми, інструменти й норми поведінки, які створені державою, а й результати інституціоналізації на мезорівні правил, вироблених колективом господарюючих суб’єктів. Подальші дослідження полягають у визначені можливостей формування інститутів регіонального розвитку в результаті здійснення колективних спроб подолання умов невизначеності та мінімізації трансакційних витрат в процесі інноваційної активності.
Caudate nucleus volume mediates the link between glutamatergic neurotransmission and problematic smartphone use in youth
Authors: Yoo Jae Hyun , Chun Ji-Won , Choi Mi Ran , Cho Hyun , Kim Jin-Young , Choi Jihye , Kim Dai-Jin
Published: April 2021

Background and aims

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is growing rapidly among teens. It has similar presentations as other behavioral addictions in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain undiscovered. We hypothesized that structural changes in the striatum might serve as an important link between alteration in glutamate signaling and development of PSU.

Methods

Among 88 participants, twenty (F:M, 12:8; age 16.2 ± 1.1) reported high scores in the smartphone addiction proneness scale (SAPS) with a cut-off score of 42; the other 68 (F:M, 19:49; age 15.3 ± 1.7) comprised the control group. Sociodemographic data and depression, anxiety, and impulsivity traits were measured. Striatal volumes (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) were estimated from T1 imaging data. Serum glutamate levels were estimated from peripheral blood samples. Group comparisons of each data were performed after controlling for age and gender. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the indirect effects of glutamate level alteration on PSU through striatal volumetric alteration.

Results

The PSU group showed a decrease in both caudate volumes than the control group. Left caudate volume was positively correlated with serum glutamate level, and negatively with impulsivity traits and SAPS scores. The mediation model revealed a significant indirect effect of serum glutamate on SAS scores through the reduced left caudate volume.

Discussion and conclusions

This study suggests that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may be associated with PSU among teens, possibly through reduced left caudate volume. Current findings might support neural mechanisms of smartphone addiction.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AMONG SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE PINETOWN DISTRICT, DURBAN
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, South Africa, Nkosi Thandi Priscillia , Adebayo Rufus Olufemi ,   Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Published: April 2021

Empirical studies have shown a positive correlation between learners’ academic success and parental involvement. This notion is widely acknowledged by teachers and society at large as a remedy in addressing some of the most predominant educational challenges. A formidable alliance between schools and parents as a strategy to promote learners’ educational success has been the highlight of different departmental policies. This advocacy equally possesses a longstanding basis in research. The purpose of this article is to investigate teachers’ perceptions of parental involvement in selected underperforming secondary schools within the Pinetown District, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Arguably, parental involvement is seen as a crucial success factor in students’ academic achievement, while the level of communication between the parents and schools can be perceived as influential in their communicative meetings. The challenge that emerges from a lack of parental involvement can be attributed to ineffectual or noncommunication amongst parents and schools. Invariably, when a learner underperforms in school, parents and teachers blame each other for learners’ poor performance. The study stresses the need for active involvement of parents in their children’s education so necessary and timely interventions may be applied if need be. The findings also suggest that parents from underprivileged schools show less concern for learners’ educational endeavors, while some are concerned and make concerted efforts to be involved in their children’s academic activities, but their social and educational background limits their level of involvement. However, at the secondary school level, research evidence is less supportive. Lastly, teachers also assert that mutually beneficial collaboration between parents and teachers is of great importance in children’s learning and success in school.
DIFFERENT VIEWS ABOUT JOB OPPORTUNITIES AMONG BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS STUDENTS DEPENDING ON PERSONALITY TRAITS
Authors:   Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, Opstad Leiv
Published: April 2021

Many students attend business and economics studies in Norway. Several skilled students with engineering background choose specialization in economics and business administration. This education provides many opportunities. The aim of this paper is to learn more about what these students emphasize in choice of jobs and career opportunities. This article provides support for the assumption that gender and personality traits (the Big Five) are linked to salary and career opportunities for business and economics students. Personal characteristics matter in students’ consideration of career possibilities, future wages, entrepreneurship, and contributions to society. Financial rewards are positively connected to the personality trait conscientiousness and negatively to agreeableness. Individuals with high score in the agreeableness want to help others. The trait openness is a good predictor for starting own business. There is still a gender gap. Women are not as concerned with high wages as men. Instead, the female students want to contribute more to society. The suggestions appear from a quasi-experiment involving 119 undergraduates from a university in Norway by asking them about their preferences and attitudes. The selected methods are factor analysis and linear regression modeling. The findings provide useful knowledge and information in the design and development of various study topics.
Host-bacteria metabolic crosstalk drives S. aureus biofilm
Authors: Tomlinson Kira L. , Riquelme Sebastián A.
Published: April 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent pathogen that can cause intractable lung infections in humans. S. aureus persists in the airway despite inflammation and immune cell recruitment by adapting to host-derived antimicrobial factors. A key component of the immune response to infection are host metabolites that regulate inflammation and bacterial survival. In our recent paper (Tomlinson et al., Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21718-y), we demonstrated that S. aureus induces the production of the immunoreglatory metabolite itaconate in airway immune cells by stimulating mitochondrial oxidant stress. Itaconate in turn inhibited S. aureus glycolysis and growth, and promoted carbon flux through bacterial metabolic pathways that support biofilm production. These itaconate-induced metabolic changes were recapitulated in a longitudinal series of clinical isolates from a patient with chronic staphylococcal lung infections, demonstrating a role for host immunometabolism in driving bacterial persistence during long-term staphylococcal lung infections.
POST-DISHCARGE SURVEILLANCE IN SURGICAL SITE INFECTION: VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT
Authors: Guatura Gabrielle Meriche Galvão Bento da Silva , Poveda Vanessa de Brito
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to create and validate an instrument for detecting potential cases of surgical site infection through post-discharge telephone surveillance. Method: a methodological study using psychometric analyzes to develop and validate an instrument for conducting post-discharge surveillance of surgical site infection. Results: the instrument had a total content validity coefficient equal to 0.87. It was applied to a sample of 100 patients and compared to a medical and nursing physical examination to detect surgical site infection, resulting in satisfactory Cohen’s kappa (0.83), Cronbach’s alpha (0.87) and Comparative Fit Index (0.998). The difference between the time spent on telephone calls for patients positive for surgical site infection was statistically greater than the time spent on calls for patients negative for surgical site infection (p <0.001). Sensitivity was 76.4%, with specificity of 100%, negative predictive values of 92.5%, positive values of 100% and accuracy of 94%. Conclusion: the instrument was validated in content, criteria and constructo stages.
Expression of Megsin mRNA, a Novel Mesangium-Predominant Gene, in the Renal Tissues of Various Glomerular Diseases
Authors: SUZUKI DAISUKE , MIYATA TOSHIO , NANGAKU MASAOMI , TAKANO HIDEO , SAOTOME NOBORU , TOYODA MASAO , MORI YASUO , ZHANG SHAO-YU , INAGI REIKO , ENDOH MASAYUKI , KUROKAWA KIYOSHI , SAKAI HIDETO
Published: April 2021

Mesangial cells play an important role in maintaining a structure and function of the glomerulus and in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. Recently, we discovered a new mesangium-predominant gene termed “megsin.” Megsin is a novel protein that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. To elucidate the pathophysiologic role of megsin in the kidney, the expression and localization of megsin mRNA in renal tissues of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA-N), diabetic nephropathy (DN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and normal human kidney (NHK) was evaluated by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide. Individual cells positive for megsin mRNA were observed only in glomeruli in all renal tissues. Their localization coincided with those of mesangial cells. The percentage of positive cells for megsin mRNA in total glomerular cells was significantly greater in IgA-N than in MCNS, MN, and NHK. It was also significantly greater in DN than in MCNS and NHK. In IgA-N, the percentage of megsin mRNA-positive cells was greater in tissues from those with mesangial cell proliferation and slightly mesangial matrix expansion (periodic acid-Schiff-positive area in the total glomerulus area, <30%; cell number in mesangial matrix area, >30; assessed in cross-sections through their vascular poles) than in tissues from those with severe mesangial matrix expansion (periodic acid-Schiff-positive area in total glomerulus area, >30%; cell number in mesangial matrix area, <30). In conclusion, megsin mRNA was predominantly expressed in glomerular mesangial cells in all renal tissues. The expression of megsin mRNA was upregulated in IgA-N and DN, both of which are diseases accompanied with mesangial cell proliferation and/or mesangial matrix expansion. These data suggest a link of megsin expression to the pathogenesis of IgA-N and DN, two major causes of end-stage renal failure.
Contrasting Effects of Vasodilators on Blood Pressure and Sodium Balance in the Hypertension of Autonomic Failure
Authors: JORDAN JENS , SHANNON JOHN R. , POHAR BOJAN , PARANJAPE SACHIN Y. , ROBERTSON DAVID , ROBERTSON ROSE-MARIE , BIAGGIONI ITALO
Published: April 2021

Supine hypertension, which is very common in patients with autonomic failure, limits the use of pressor agents and induces nighttime natriuresis. In 13 patients with severe orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure (7 women, 6 men, 72 ± 3 yr) and supine hypertension, the effect of 30 mg nifedipine (n = 10) and 0.025 to 0.2 mg/h nitroglycerin patch (n = 11) on supine BP, renal sodium handling, and orthostatic tolerance was determined. Medications were given at 8 p.m.; patients stood up at 8 a.m. Nitroglycerin was removed at 6 a.m. Compared with placebo, nifedipine and nitroglycerin decreased systolic BP during the night by a maximum of 37 ± 9 and 36 ± 10 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). At 8 a.m., supine systolic BP was 23 ± 7 mmHg lower with nifedipine than with placebo (P < 0.05), but was similar with nitroglycerin and placebo. Sodium excretion during the night was not reduced with nitroglycerin (0.13 ± 0.02 mmol/mg creatinine [Cr] versus 0.15 ± 0.03 mmol/mg Cr with placebo), but it was increased with nifedipine (0.35 ± 0.06 mmol/mg Cr versus 0.13 ± 0.02 mmol/mg Cr with placebo, P < 0.05). Nifedipine but not nitroglycerin worsened orthostatic hypotension in the morning. It is concluded that nifedipine and transdermal nitroglycerin are effective in controlling supine hypertension in patients with autonomic failure. However, nifedipine has a prolonged depressor effect and worsens orthostatic hypotension in the morning. The decrease in pressure natriuresis that would be expected with the substantial decrease in BP obtained with nitroglycerin and nifedipine may be offset by a direct effect of both drugs on renal sodium handling.
Human Mesangial Cells in Culture and in Kidney Sections Fail to Express Fc Alpha Receptor (CD89)
Authors: WESTERHUIS RALF , VAN ZANDBERGEN GER , VERHAGEN NICOLE A. M. , KLAR-MOHAMAD N. , DAHA MOHAMED R. , VAN KOOTEN CEES
Published: April 2021

The mechanism of deposition of IgA in the renal mesangium in primary IgA-nephropathy is poorly understood. It has been suggested that membrane receptors for IgA on mesangial cells (MC) of the kidney may be involved. To obtain more insight in the occurrence of the myeloid receptor for IgA (CD89) on MC, both in situ and in culture, rabbit and goat polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibody against recombinant CD89 were raised. Kidney sections from five control subjects and five patients with primary IgA-nephropathy failed to be positive for CD89 in the mesangium, using our polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Also, five primary human MC cultures assessed for CD89 expression showed no protein expression of CD89. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR failed to detect mRNA expression of CD89 in the cultured MC. It was demonstrated that all five human primary MC bound human IgA in a dose-dependent manner, which was not inhibitable by blocking monoclonal anti-CD89 antibody (My43). In contrast, binding of IgA to U937 cells was blocked efficiently by My43. Finally, incubation of human MC with either human or rat IgA led to increased interleukin-6 production, whereas only human IgA, but not rat IgA, was able to bind to human CD89. Therefore, it is concluded that human MC do not express CD89 (to a significant extent). These results strongly suggest that binding of IgA to human MC occurs via an IgA receptor distinct from CD89.