bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOFRIMENTO INFANTIL CONTEMPORÂNEO: CONCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES DE PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Reis Carlos Eduardo Soares , Carvalho Lana Veras
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Diante das influências que o estilo de vida contemporâneo é capaz de imprimir na formação das subjetividades, questiona-se como as formas de sofrer das crianças podem ser reflexos dos vários pilares que sustentam a sociedade atual. Assim, o presente artigo objetiva descrever as concepções de estudantes de Psicologia de uma universidade pública do interior do Piauí sobre o sofrimento infantil contemporâneo. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas, que passaram pela análise de conteúdo, com cinco alunos em fase final de graduação. Emergiram quatro categorias que demonstraram que as concepções dos graduandos consideram os valores capitalistas, a cultura do consumo, a patologização da vida e a “ausência dos pais” como pontos-chave para o sofrimento infantil. Diante disso, percebeu-se uma visão crítica dos estudantes ao analisar o problema de maneira mais abrangente e não se restringir apenas à interpretação do sofrimento como desequilíbrio químico. Além disso, os resultados dão margem para reflexão das influências do estilo de vida atual e sua necessidade de mudança, como também, alertam quanto à necessidade de uma prática profissional que não se conforme acriticamente com a força do mercado. Palavras-chave: Infância. Contemporaneidade. Sofrimento.Abstract: Faced with the influences that the contemporary lifestyle is capable of imprinting on the formation of subjectivities, it is questioned how children's ways of suffering can be reflections of the various pillars that sustain today's society. Thus, this article aims to describe the conceptions of psychology students from a public university in the interior of Piauí about contemporary child suffering. For this, open interviews were carried out, which underwent content analysis, with five students in the final stage of graduation. Four categories emerged that showed that the undergraduates' conceptions consider capitalist values, consumer culture, the pathologization of life and the “absence of parents” as key points for children's suffering. In view of this, a critical view of the students was perceived when analyzing the problem in a more comprehensive way and not being restricted only to the interpretation of suffering as a chemical imbalance. In addition, the conceptions give scope for reflection on the influences of the current lifestyle and its need for change, as well as warning about the need for a professional practice that does not conform uncritically with the strength of the market.Keywords: Childhood. Contemporaneity. Suffering.
REPRESENTAÇÕES DA OBESIDADE ENTRE ADOLESCENTES DO SEXO FEMININO
Authors: Leal Graziely Cordeiro , Ferret Jhainieiry Cordeiro Famelli , Branco Braulio Henrique Magnani , Silva Tânia Maria Gomes
Published: June 2022

Resumo: A obesidade é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública da atualidade, atingindo diferentes classes, gênero e gerações. A sociedade contemporânea é lipofóbica e os adolescentes, que se encontram num momento de construção de identidade, podem ser muito afetados quando seus corpos não são socialmente aprovados. Em vista disso, o presente artigo teve como objetivo discutir as representações da obesidade de adolescentes do sexo feminino que integram um programa de emagrecimento do Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Intervenção em Promoção da Saúde, da Universidade Cesumar, em Maringá/PR. Foram realizadas e gravadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro delas. Utilizou-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais e a análise de conteúdo para interpretação dos dados. Evidenciou-se que as jovens sofrem pressões para o emagrecimento, numa confluência de discursos familiares e midiático. Observou-se, ainda, que, na escola, o bullying é uma prática comum a que se encontram expostas as pessoas que não têm o peso tido como ideal.Palavras chaves: Adolescência. Obesidade. Saúde. Representações sociais.Abstract: Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems nowadays, affecting different classes, genders and generations. Contemporary society is lipophobic and adolescents, who are in a moment of identity construction, can be very affected when their bodies are not socially approved. In view of this, the article seeks to discuss the representations of obesity in four female adolescents who are part of a weight-loss program, in the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Health Promotion Intervention, at Cesumar University, in Maringa/PR. Semi-structured and recorded interviews were conducted. The Social Representations Theory and content analysis for data interpretation were used. It was evident that young women suffer under pressure to lose weight, in a confluence of both family and media discourses. It was also observed that at school, bullying is a common practice to which people who do not have the ideal weight are exposed. Keywords: Adolescence. Health promotion. Obesity. Social representation.
TRIPLE HELIX SPACES IN BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Almeida Mariza , Liboreiro Karla Rocha , Santos Eduardo Ferro , Alves Marco Antonio Baleeiro , Carvalho Sergio Paulino Medeiros , Borin Elaine Cavalcante Peixoto , Baeta Adelaide , Terra Branca
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The advent of the 2019 Coronavirus disease – COVID-19 has placed the global spotlight on science, research, scientific knowledge and researchers, in the search for mitigating solutions at a time when some leaders in developed and developing countries are criticizing the role of science and its ability to overcome challenges. This article presents an analysis from the perspective of the triple helix model of significant initiatives introduced by Brazilian universities that enabled the identification of an effective response to the pandemic, highlighting the impact and adaptation to the adverse scenario, the rapid responses, the ability to establish forms of interaction that augmented the possibilities for intervention and collaboration with government, business and society in a time of crisis. The effectiveness of the triple helix (university-government-industry) movement, the spaces for consensus, knowledge and innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic, is presented in three case studies from the leading universities in the country.Keywords: Entrepreneurial university. Triple helix. Triple helix spaces. COVID-19. Brazil.Resumo: O advento da pandemia do COVID-19 colocou os holofotes globais em ciência, pesquisa, conhecimento científico e nos pesquisadores, na busca de soluções mitigadoras em um momento em que alguns líderes de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento estão criticando o papel da ciência e sua capacidade de superar desafios. Este artigo apresenta uma análise, na perspectiva do modelo de tríplice hélice de iniciativas significativas introduzidas pelas universidades brasileiras que possibilitaram a identificação de uma resposta efetiva à pandemia, destacando o impacto e a adaptação ao cenário adverso, as respostas rápidas, a capacidade de estabelecer formas de interação que aumentassem as possibilidades de intervenção e colaboração com o governo, negócios e sociedade em um momento de crise. A eficácia do movimento tríplice hélice (universidade-governo-indústria), os espaços de consenso, conhecimento e inovação durante a pandemia COVID-19, é apresentada em três estudos de caso das principais universidades do país. Palavras-chave: Universidade empreendedora. Hélice tríplice. Espaços da hélice tríplice. COVID-19. Brazil.
A Technique for Transferring Nests of Polybia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini) Wasps in Anthropized Environment
Authors: Prato Amanda , Carvalho da Silva Rafael , Mateus Sidnei , Santos do Nascimento Fabio
Published: June 2022

Social wasps are model organisms in studies related to evolution and social behavior origin. They show high degree of sinanthropism and due to their feeding habits, they play important ecological roles. However, wasps are considered dangerous, hence their nests are destroyed by humans. The aim of this study was to develop a technique for transferring the nests of some Polybia (Lepeletier, 1836) species located in human constructions to protected places. Nests were removed in the morning blowing ether into the nest entrance and closing them with cotton. They were separatedfrom the substrate with a spatula. Nests were immediately attached to the new substrate with hot silicone glue and installed in the new place. Transferred nests were monitored for one month to verify the efficiency of the technique. Following the transference, individuals kept foraging and repairing/constructing new cells. Workers performing colony tasks are evidence that the technique was efficient and that the colony was adapted to the new local.
The Newfoundland and Labrador Health Accord
Authors:   Memorial University, Bornstein Stephen
Published: June 2022

In February 2022, a task force appointed by the Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador submitted a report that he had commissioned 14 months earlier. The task force’s objective was to devise a 10-year strategy for modernizing and reforming the province's healthcare system and bringing health outcomes in the province up to Canada's high standards. The report will be followed this month (June 2022) by two more documents, an 'implementation blueprint' and an 'evidence report.' This commentary examines the report, summarizing both its devastating findings on the current health system and its comprehensive and ambitious proposals for reform.
Design and simulation of high-quality factor all-optical demultiplexers based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Moradi Dangi Milad , Mohammadzadeh Aghdam Anwar , Karimzadeh Rouhollah , Saghaei Hamed
Published: June 2022

The present study proposes a new type of wavelength division multiplexing as an optical demultiplexer with four, eight, and sixteen output channels. The proposed structure consists of a two-dimensional square array of dielectric rods. The wavelength selection is performed by two defect rods and one defect with a rectangular cross-section. The values of the parameters related to each defect are selected so that the resonant wavelength associated with each output channel is located in the third telecommunication window (1.55μm). It is observed that the proposed demultiplexers demonstrate a high transmission efficiency and low crosstalk. As it is wanted to see just one sharp wavelength at the output of each channel, the quality factor needs to be maximized. Based on the results, the maximum values for demultiplexers with four, eight, and sixteen channels are 19863.89, 14264.57, and 32304.46, respectively. Due to the device’s small size, it can be used for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems in photonic integrated circuits.
Prediction of the development of postoperative pain in patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis based on the expression of genes for degradation of the extracellular matrix, inflammation and apoptosis in the blood
Authors: Chetina E. V. , Glemba K. E. , Markova G. A. , Naryshkin E. A. , Taskina E. A. , Makarov M. A. , Lila A. M.
Published: June 2022

About 10–40% of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) are not satisfied with the results of total arthroplasty (TA) of large joints. At the same time, the most common complication associated with the ineffectiveness of TA is postoperative pain (PP).Objective: to identify genes whose expression in the peripheral blood before TA is associated with an increased risk of PP developing. Patients and methods. Before TA, the blood of 50 patients with late-stage knee OA was examined; the control group consisted of 26 healthy individuals. The level of pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the BPI short questionnaire, and the WOMAC index; the presence of neuropathic pain was assessed using the DN4 and PainDETECT questionnaires. The development of PP was determined 3 and 6 months after TA. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase protein (MMP) 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 were quantified by ELISA. Total RNA isolated from blood was used to determine the expression of caspase 3, MMP9, TIMP1, cathepsins K and S, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 1β, and cyclooxygenase 2 genes using a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. PP according to VAS ≥30 mm was noted in 17 patients. Before TA, these patients had significantly increased expression of cathepsins K and S, caspase 3, TIMP1, IL1β, and TNFα genes compared to other patients with OA. ROC analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the expression of these genes and the likelihood of developing pain after TA.Conclusion. High expression of genes associated with degradation of the extracellular matrix (catepsins S and K, TIMP1), inflammation (IL1β, TNFα), and apoptosis (caspase 3) can serve as an important biomarker for the development of PP in patients with knee OA. To confirm the value of preoperative gene expression testing in predicting the onset of PP, further studies involving large cohorts of patients are needed.
Rational use of recommendations for urate-lowering therapy: clinical examples
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Zhelyabina O. V.
Published: June 2022

The results of gout therapy in many patients remain unsatisfactory, despite the availability of drugs and recommendations for its treatment. In addition to poor adherence to treatment by patients, medical errors and other reasons influence this situation. The article considers several clinical cases demonstrating the possibilities of a rational choice of urate-lowering therapy.
Digitalization of Financial Reporting Through XBRL and the Cost of Equity
Authors: Tohang Valentina , Lusiana Silvi
Published: June 2022

This study aims to explore the relation between the pre and post adoption of the Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) adoption and the cost of equity capital in Indonesian-listed firms. The study examines 59 listed companies for four years, including two years before (2014-2015) and two years after (2016-2017) the adoption of XBRL in Indonesia. By comparing the pre and post adoption periods, the multiple regression analysis results will provide valuable information for the related stakeholders of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Furthermore, this paper examines the impact of the control variables, such as the firmâ€™s size, leverage, vari-ability of return, and price-to-book ratio to the relationship between XBRL and cost of equity (COE). The results show that XBRL adoption is significant in reducing the cost of equity and large-sized firms are more likely to enjoy greater reduction. This paper contributes to the research area by providing evidence on the relationship between XBRL adoption and COE in Indonesia that have mixed results in various countries and environments.
The Role of Commitment, Competence, Internal Control system, Transparency and Accessibility in Predicting the Accountability of Village Fund Management
Authors: Indriasih Dewi , Sulistyowati Wiwit Apit
Published: June 2022

Village fund management is an important challenge for village officials that can pose crucial potential in the use of such funds. Therefore, this study aims to test the accountability of village fund management reviewed from the commitment of village apparatus, competence of village apparatus, internal control system, transparency, and accessibility. The survey method through questionnaire instrument was con-ducted in 19 villages, with a total sample of 76 village apparatus. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, it shows that accessibility is the most important factor in realizing accountability of village fund management. In addition, internal control systems and transparency have a positive effect on the accountability of village fund management. While the commitment and competence of village apparatus has no effect on the accountability of village fund management. This study contributes to the literature of village fund management both theoretically and practically.
Outrage sur les plages. La constitution du port du burkini en problème public sous l’angle de la panique morale
Authors: Leconte Cécile
Published: June 2022

L’article étudie la controverse qui, à l’été 2016, entoure l’interdiction, de facto, du port du burkini sur les plages par une trentaine de communes françaises. En mobilisant le modèle de Cohen pour analyser les cadrages dont font l’objet les porteuses de burkini, cette étude entend montrer ce qui nous semble distinguer la panique morale d’autres configurations du débat public que sont la controverse, l’affaire ou le scandale : à savoir, le processus de construction du « folk devil » comme archétype social menaçant les conditions mêmes de possibilité du vivre ensemble, qui nous semble constituer l’apport central de StanleyCohen à la sociologie des problèmes publics. Si, dans le cas du burkini, ce processus est largement attribuable à une coalition d’acteurs rassemblant intellectuels médiatiques et professionnels de la politique, l’on ne saurait en faire une lecture purement stratégiste. D’une part, le cadrage des adeptes du burkini comme « folk devil » mobilise un certain nombre de représentations relatives au gouvernement des musulman·e·s dans l’espace public propres au contexte français. D’autre part, le cas du burkini permet de remettre au centre de l’analyse une dimension parfois négligée de la panique morale, à savoir sa topographie. Davantage qu’un élément de contexte, la plage apparaît ici comme un espace-enjeu, contesté, dont la territorialisation et la patrimonialisation participent pleinement du processus de constitution du « folk devil ».
La panique morale entourant les jeux vidéo violents : une perspective pragmatiste
Authors: Perret Michael
Published: June 2022

L’article propose une alternative à l’approche constructiviste des paniques morales. Il présente les grandes lignes de la sociologie pragmatiste, inspirée des travaux fondateurs de la philosophie pragmatiste et de l’ethnométhodologie, pour saisir à nouveaux frais les paniques morales comme des troubles partagés qui entourent le vivre-ensemble. Cette invitation s’appuie d’une part sur l’analyse de l’emploi de la panique morale comme a priori pour comprendre le problème des jeux vidéo violents, tel qu’il est présenté majoritairement dans la littérature académique des game studies. D’autre part, une enquête empirique montre qu’un tel problème public ne donne pas systématiquement lieu à une panique morale, comme l’indique le cas de l’interdiction des jeux vidéo violents en Suisse.
[Review] Mieke Roscher, André Krebber, and Brett Mizelle, editors. Handbook of Historical Animal Studies. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2021. 637 pp.
Authors: Herman David
Published: June 2022

[Review] Mieke Roscher, André Krebber, and Brett Mizelle, editors. Handbook of Historical Animal Studies. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2021. 637 pp.
Wild Dogs and Decolonization: Ivan Sen’s Mystery Road and Omar Musa’s Here Come the Dogs
Authors: Ralph Iris
Published: June 2022

Wild Dogs and Decolonization: Ivan Sen’s Mystery Road and Omar Musa’s Here Come the Dogs
Zoolondopolis
Authors: Castello Pablo
Published: June 2022

Zoolondopolis
Analysis of the Remaining Service Life of Flexible Pavement Based on Damage Prediction with MEPDG Method and Prediction of Pavement Condition Values
Authors: Cahyono Muhammad Wardan B. , Suparma Latif Budi , Mulyono Agus Taufik
Published: June 2022

The Remaining Service Life (RSL) of the pavement can be used to assist in determining the proper timing of maintenance work. This study aims to analyze the value of the remaining service life of flexible pavement based on the prediction of damage that occurs using the MEPDG method and based on the prediction of pavement performance conditions with the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) value. Three roads in D.I. Yogyakarta is used as the object of research, namely the Milir-Sentolo, Pakem-Prambanan, and North-West Arteries. Prediction of the remaining service life of the pavement is calculated based on the prediction of the amount of damage. The types of damage predicted were rutting, alligator cracking, and longitudinal cracking. The pavement response value is obtained from the results of the analysis using the Kenpave program with the modulus of elasticity of the material for each layer as input. The results of the analysis show that the Pakem-Prambanan road segment has the longest remaining service life, both based on the prediction of pavement damage (³ 14th year), and the predicted PCI value (7th year). This is because this section serves the least traffic compared to others
Neuroscience Approach In Understanding The Urban Spatial Form
Authors: Purwanto Edi , Ayuningtyas Rosyida
Published: June 2022

Heretofore, to understand the urban spatial form, observers usually use the spatial cognition ability to obtain an imaginary picture of the city structure in which there is a relationship between one physical element to another. This study offers a technique using the observer's brain ability called neuroscience thereby the understanding of urban spatial form is more than just an aesthetic physical element yet can greatly influence the feelings and emotions of the observer. This study aims to discuss a neuroscience approach in understanding the spatial form of the city to complement the use of spatial cognition that has previously been carried out by other researchers. The benefit of this research is that it is used as an instrument in evaluating the design of urban space based on the observer's perception. The data and information collection are using the technique of drawing maps by the observers that focuses on mastering urban areas and the physical elements within, followed by in-depth interviews. Research results show that the neuroscience approach in understanding the spatial form of the city has enriched the understanding the physical form of the city structure and the elements of its identity as well as including the emotional response and meaning of observers to the spatial form of the city.
Performance analysis of State-Estimator Implementation on Hardware-In-The-Loop of Ball and Beam System
Authors: Romdlony Muhammad Zakiyullah , Irsyadi Fakih , Rahmawati Dien , Kristiawan Handika Yulma
Published: June 2022

Ball and beam system (BBS) is a commonly used model to represent several complex and unstable systems. BBS is underactuated system. It is an ideal model to implement kind of control theory. Most of control design are done using simulation method. This method is not realistic because it is conducted on the ideal situation which implies that the result cannot be directly used to control the real system. Hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation is a method that can be used to solve these problems. The use of real controller makes the design experience more realistic and ready to implement. This paper proposes a design of full state feedback for BBS stabilization using HIL simulator. The contribution of this work is to design state estimator on the BBS setup to estimate position and velocity. The result shows that the proposed control and estimator are successfully implemented. The estimator can estimate the output position with time convergent about 1,32 second. The performance of the system is similar with simulation and real plant implementation. It shows that this method can represent the dynamic response of the system on full state feedback control.
The Analysis of Na and Ca Ions Addition on Cassava Hydrolysis on Reducing Sugar Concentration to Increase Enzyme Activity: Hydrolysis Kinetics Study
Authors: Hargono Hargono , Jos Bakti , Satriadi Hantoro , Zakaria Muhammad Fahmi
Published: June 2022

Sweet cassava is tuber that contains large amount of starch so that it can produce reducing sugars. The addition of metal ions can increase enzyme activity. The purpose was to study the addition of Na and Ca ions on reducing sugars concentration and to study the hydrolysis kinetics. Experiments were carried out at various concentrations of substrates (100, 200, and 300 g/L), enzyme concentrations (1 and 1.5% (w/w)), addition of Na and Ca ions of 60 ppm. The hydrolysis method was conducted at temperature of 30°C with the enzyme StargenTM 002 at pH 4, for 24 hours. The results showed that starch concentrations of 100-200 g/L were able to significantly increase the reducing sugars at enzyme concentration of 1.5% (w/w). The addition of Ca ions increased the concentration of reducing sugar by 64% while the addition of Na ions increased it by 18.9%. The best reducing sugar concentration (68.79 g/L) was obtained at starch concentration of 200 g/L and enzyme concentration of 1.5% (w/w) with the of Ca ions. Kinetic studies show that phenomenon follows Michaelis-Menten equation with Vmax valued of 6.053; 8,881; 15.106 g/L.hour, respectively. So that, addition of Na and Ca ion can increase the enzyme activity
Design of Personal Health Monitoring Devices for Early Detection of Silent Hypoxia
Authors: Kuswoyo Heri , Susana Ernia , Tjahjadi Hendrana
Published: June 2022

Silent hypoxia in Covid-19 patients and symptoms of severe hypoxemia require appropriate treatment. These cases often appear asymptomatic but risk fatal to life-threatening. One of the recommended devices is pulse oximetry. Embedded systems technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) can develop low-cost personal health monitoring devices. This study developed a pulse oximetry prototype integrated with a digital temperature sensor and equipped with the interpretation results of both "normal" and "hypoxic" conditions. It is called OxyTemp. IoT technologies monitor user conditions remotely using the Blynk application via mobile phones. This study used Research & Development with the Reverse engineering method. The OxyTemp has Different types of prototype testing are physical and functional inspection, electrical safety testing, and performance testing of each parameter using an appropriate calibrator. The working method refers to SK Direktur Jenderal Pelayanan Kesehatan Tahun 2018 No. 041-18 on Pulse Oximeter Testing Working Methods.
Girlhood in Verses
Authors: Du Yan
Published: June 2022

Few creative protagonists in girls’ coming-of-age fiction, especially those authored by women, have escaped the lure of poetry writing. And yet from introspective diarists to fervent letter-writers to passionate storytellers, what seems less visible in current scholarly conversation on girls’ literature are discussions surrounding girls as aspiring poets. My article considers representations of poetry writing in two landmark texts by women, Emily of New Moon (1923) by Lucy Maud Montgomery and The Poet X (2018) by Elizabeth Acevedo, paying special attention to how poetry writing serves particular purposes for the characters as they search for means of self-representation and self-expression to resist practices that undermine their voice. Despite being published in significantly different time periods, Montgomery’s and Acevedo’s works cross paths in terms of how they represent the power of poetry writing for adolescent girl protagonists: poetry operates as a means of negotiating conflicted identities or subjectivities, reconstructing their own notions of time, and performing their bodies. Whilst this article attempts to sketch a tentative case for the usefulness of poetry in girls’ texts then and now, it concludes with suggestions for future research that might shed more light on the continual appeal of poetry in narratives of girlhood.
The significance of PAK4 in signaling and clinicopathology: A review
Authors: Yu Xinbo , Huang Changwei , Liu Jiyuan , Shi Xinyu , Li Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

P21-activated protein kinases (PAKs) are thought to be at the center of tumor signaling pathways. As a representative member of the group II PAK family, P21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4) plays an important role in the development of tumors, with several biological functions such as participating in oncogenic transformation, promoting cell division, resisting aging and apoptosis, regulating cytoskeleton and adhesion, as well as suppressing antitumor immune responses. PAK4 is also crucial in biological processes, including the occurrence, proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and immune escape of tumor cells. It is closely related to poor prognosis and tumor-related pathological indicators, which have significant clinical and pathological significance. Therefore, this article offers a review of the structure, activation, and biological functions of PAK4 and its clinical and pathological importance. This overview should be of assistance for future research on PAK4 and tumors and provide new ideas for tumor treatment and prognostic evaluation of patients.
FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation
Authors: Asuquo Edeke Affiong , Nwodo Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo , Assumpta Anosike Chioma , Orizu Uchendu Nene , Oziamara Okoro Nkwachukwu , Solomon Odiba Arome
Published: June 2022

The Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to play an important role in developing obesity, manifesting in traits such as increased body mass index, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and the distribution of adipose tissues, which increases the susceptibility to various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit-based diets of Solanum melongena (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruits (SAF) on the FTO gene expression levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals. Our results showed that the mRNA level of the FTO gene was downregulated in the hypothalamus, and white and brown adipose tissue following three and six weeks of treatment with SMF- and SAF-based diets in the HFD-induced obese animals. Additionally, the Solanum fruit supplementation exhibited a curative effect on obesity-associated abrasions on the white adipose tissue (WAT), hypothalamus, and liver. Our findings collectively suggest the anti-obesity potential of SMF and SAF via the downregulation of the FTO gene.
Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach to optimize the photocatalytic conversion of rice straw hydrolysis residue (RSHR) into vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ghatak Himadri Roy , Ahuja S. M.
Published: June 2022

Effective use of waste lignin is always a challenging task, technologies have been applied in the past to get value-added compounds from waste lignin. However, the existing technologies are not economical and efficient to produce the value-added chemicals. Alkali soluble lignin from rice straw hydrolysis residue (RSHR) is subjected to photocatalytic conversion into value-added compounds. Photocatalysis is one of the multifarious advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), carried out with TiO2 nanoparticles under a 125 W UV bulb. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) confirmed the formation of vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. RSM and ANN techniques are adopted to optimize the process conditions for the maximization of the products. The response one (Y
1) vanillin (24.61 mg) and second response (Y
2) 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (19.51 mg) is obtained at the optimal conditions as 7.0 h irradiation time, 2.763 g/L catalyst dose, 15 g/L lignin concentration, and 14.26 g/L NaOH dose for alkali treatment, suggested by face-centered central composite design (CCD). RSM and ANN models are statistically analyzed in terms of RMSE, R
2 and AAD. For RSM the R
2 0.9864 and 0.9787 while for ANN 0.9875 and 0.9847, closer to one warrant the good fitting of the models. Therefore, in terms of higher precision and predictive ability of both models the ANN model showed excellence for both responses as compared to the RSM model.
Performance optimization of flywheel using experimental design approach
Authors: Abdallah Abdelbaki , Bendaoudi Seif Eddine , Bounazef Mokhtar
Published: June 2022

The flywheel is the simplest device for mechanical battery that can charge/discharge electricity by converting it into the kinetic energy of a rotating flywheel, and vice versa. The energy storage systems based on flywheel now arousing great interest, since this technology can offer great advantages in durability and lifetime. However, the flywheel performance rotation is limited by the strength of the materials, from which it is constructed, and the geometry. Greater control over those parameters could improve the development of high performance of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The main interest of this study is to demonstrate the influence degree of each parameter of geometry by using the mathematical method of design of experiments, in order to be able to optimize the adequate parameters for a high performed shape of the flywheel.
Nationalism in the ‘Nation of Immigrants’: Race, Ethnicity, and National Attachment
Authors: Tafoya Joe R. , Corral Álvaro J. , Leal David L.
Published: June 2022

This paper compares nationalist attitudes among Whites, Latinos, and African Americans. The research on nationalism and national attachment draws varied conclusions about how race and ethnicity structure such attitudes; some find that Whites have the strongest views, while others see more similarities than differences. Using the General Social Survey of 2014, we examine three separate dimensions of nationalism: American nationalism, American national identity, and American national pride. We test for differences across race and ethnicity as well as how such attitudes structure opinions about immigrants. Despite some expectations in the literature that views might vary by group, we generally find (albeit with some complexities) “minimal effects” of race and ethnicity. Latinos, Blacks, and Whites agree with the three nationalism measures at similar levels, despite the very different national histories of each group. This is consistent with work finding “a great deal of consensus on the norms, values, and behaviors that constitute American identity” (Schildkraut 2007. “Defining American Identity in the Twenty-First Century: How Much “There” Is There?”.”The Journal of Politicsv69 (3): 597–615, 605). In addition, while nationalism is associated with immigration opinions, such effects are predominantly among Whites and African Americans and relatively weak for Latinos.
Duplex Heat Treatment of a Precipitation Hardening Carburising Steel
Authors: Böhle S. I. , Strobl V. , Lechleitner J. , Schnitzer R.
Published: June 2022

This article reports the microstructural development of a molybdenum and copper alloyed steel by different thermochemical heat treatments for gears and shafts in automotive applications. The case hardening is compared to a duplex heat treatment consisting of carburising, ageing and plasma nitriding. This study evaluates the microstructure, the surface hardness and hardness profiles. For all applied heat treatment routes, the ageing conditions have a minor influence on the case and core hardness compared to the influence of the carbon concentration. Retained austenite fractions decreased to < 5 % in all duplex heat-treated samples without cryogenic treatment. Material characterisation with optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicate unwanted phases of nitrogen and carbon-rich precipitates at the grain boundaries after duplex heat treatment. Therefore, the sequence of duplex heat treatment is changed to carburising followed by solely plasma nitriding where the unwanted precipitates are detected only up to a depth of 15‒20 μm from the compound layer.
Corrigendum to: Calibration and Validation of Micromagnetic Data for Non-Destructive Analysis of Near-Surface Properties after Hard Turning
Authors: Wegener T. , Liehr A. , Bolender A. , Degener S. , Wittich F. , Kroll A. , Niendorf T.
Published: June 2022

Corrigendum to

T. Wegener, A. Liehr, A. Bolender, S. Degener, F. Wittich, A. Kroll, T. Niendorf: Calibration and Validation of Micromagnetic Data for Non-Destructive Analysis of Near-Surface Properties after Hard Turning. HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 77 (2022) 2, pp. 156-172, DOI:10.1515/htm-2021-0023.
Attempting to Mitigate COVID-19: Does the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act Provide Patent Infringement Immunity?
Authors: Higgs Samuel E.
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes various legal defenses and immunities against patent infringement liability during COVID-19 under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (“PREPA” or “Act”). Although initially enacted in response to the 2001 Anthrax attacks, PREPA was once again invoked in response to COVID-19 under the authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the “Secretary”). Through declarations issued by the Secretary, the scope of the original Act inferably expanded in a pursuit to mitigate the public health emergency of COVID-19. The nature of this review primarily focuses on the uncertainties surrounding the extent and practical legal applications of this expansion.
Contact Tracing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Digital Contact Tracing Affects Our Individual Rights
Authors: Sherer Ryan
Published: June 2022

Amid public health crises, contact tracing becomes an imperative mechanism in combatting the threat at hand. In today’s day and age, technology has exploded, leaving the legal world to determine technologies’ effect on the law. As the COVID-19 pandemic wreaks havoc upon the world, how is contact tracing affected by the advent of modern technology, and how does the use of technology such as geolocation, artificial intelligence (AI), and facial recognition technology (FRT) comport with the rights to privacy, association, free exercise of religion, and equal protection? This paper will examine the current constitutional precedents to provide insight as to how the use of digital contact tracing would influence the rights of everyday citizens. Constitutional implications of digital contact tracing using geolocation, AI, and FRT are considered against the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments (more specifically, against freedom of religion, freedom of association, the right to privacy, and the right to equal protection). Given the novel aspects of geolocation, AI, and FRT, digital contact tracing could result in potential constitutional violations under certain circumstances. This research shows that while digital contact tracing using novel technology could be done in a legal way, there are just as many concerns to be had about potential constitutional abuses that could affect each and everyone’s lives.
Signalling conditional relations
Authors: Egg Markus , Das Debopam
Published: June 2022

We investigate how discourse relations and their subtypes are signalled, extending the set of discourse signals from connectives and lexical cue phrases to the wide range of semantic, syntactic, and orthographic signals of the RST Signalling Corpus (Das, Debopam & Maite Taboada. 2018. RST signalling corpus. Language Resources and Evaluation 52. 149–184). This extension requires re-evaluating previous predictions on discourse signalling, in particular, those of Sanders, Ted. 2005. Coherence, causality and cognitive complexity in discourse. In M. Aurnague, M. Bras, A. Le Draoulec & L. Vieu (eds.), Proceedings/Actes SEM-05, first international symposium on the exploration and modelling of meaning, 105–114. Biarritz causality-by-default hypothesis, the hypothesis of uniform information density (Frank, Austin & Florian Jaeger. 2008. Speaking rationally: Uniform information density as an optimal strategy for language production. In Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 933–938. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d08h6j4 (accessed 18 May 2022)), and the hypothesis that discourse is continuous by preference (Segal, Erwin, Judith Duchan & Paula Scott. 1991. The role of interclausal connectives in narrative structuring. Discourse Processes 14. 27–54; Murray, John. 1997. Connectives and narrative text. Memory and Cognition 25. 227–236). We evaluate the predictions of these theories on the conditional relations in the RST Discourse Treebank (Carlson, Lynn, Daniel Marcu & Mary Ellen Okurowski. 2002. RST Discourse Treebank. LDC2002T07. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium), using causal relations as a control group. Informativity and continuity are operationalized in terms of semantic complexity and Givón, Talmy. 1993. English grammar: A function-based introduction, vol. 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins dimensions of deictic shift. Our results show that the hypotheses make accurate predictions only for the relation groups in their entirety but not for the observed in-group variation, in particular, the low amount of marking for the hypothetical subtype of conditional relations. We attribute this difference to the distribution of intra- and inter-sentential occurrences across the conditional subtypes: intra-sentential relations are consistently more marked than inter-sentential ones, and hypothetical relations are special in that they appear predominantly inter-sententially.
Annotations on the taxonomy of the opossums (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) of Honduras
Authors: Bautista Alcantara Lizbeth Fabiola , Wilson Don E. , Turcios-Casco Manfredo A.
Published: June 2022

Information about opossums in Honduras has been scarce. Although there have been sporadic records of species, it was not clear which and how many species were occurring in the country because of taxonomic discussions and the group being understudied. Over the years, different authors studying mammals in Honduras have accepted or rejected the occurrence of some didelphid species. Herein we discuss the species of opossums occurring for Honduras based on taxonomic and distribution changes according to Voss, R.S. and Jansa, S.A. Opossums: an adaptive radiation of new world marsupials. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (2021) latest reviews for opossum species.
For a Dialectic-First Approach to Kant’sCritique of Pure Reason
Authors: Kreines James
Published: June 2022

To judge by the title, one would expect that interpretations of theCritique of Pure Reasonwould prioritize the division of the book most about reason and its critique: The Transcendental Dialectic. But the Dialectic is surprisingly secondary in the most established interpretive approaches. This article argues as follows: There is a problem that contributes to explaining the lack of popularity: The problem of how arguments really based in the Dialectic itself really promise to ground a broader project in theoretical philosophy, of the scope of the Critique. But the problem can be solved: One aim important in the critique is critical argument against rationalist metaphysics. The Dialectic must play a central role in such critique, given a difficulty concerning begging the question. The positive claims of the Dialectic, about reason and the unconditioned, are necessary for such an argument, and the Dialectic gives them enough defense for that purpose. Finally, there are reasons to take seriously Kant’s promises that the Antinomy of the Dialectic can support the weight in such an argument, without begging the question. The article concludes that a Dialectic-first approach to theCritiqueis viable and worth further development.
Vaccination with Melanoma Cells Infected with Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Suppresses Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Kishida Shigefumi , Nakaya Takaaki , Hagiwara Katsuro
Published: June 2022

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an RNA virus, which infects several tumor cells and shows cellular toxicity towards them. The antitumor activity of NDV has been reported in several tumors. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of a NDV-infected melanoma cell vaccine on lung metastasis based on tumor-specific immune responses in a mouse model. B16 mouse melanoma cells were infected with the GFP-expressing recombinant NDV (rNDV) to prepare the vaccine (rNDV-BV). C57BL/6 mice were then immunized twice with rNDV-BV and intravenously inoculated with B16 cells, and the number of metastasis dots in the lungs was evaluated 21 days later. The mice were divided into three groups: pre-inoculation (mice were vaccinated before inoculation with B16 cells), post-inoculation (mice were vaccinated after inoculation with B16 cells), and control (mice were inoculated with DMEM) groups. To evaluate the immune responses, the mouse splenocytes were monitored for lymphocyte subsets and dendritic cells, and IFN-γ and IL-10gene expression after metastasis was measured. The mice receiving rNDV-BV showed prolonged survival and a lower number of metastasis dots. Furthermore, lung metastasis was significantly decreased upon post-metastasis vaccination with rNDV-BV. In pre-inoculation group, cytokine responses against tumor antigens were also significantly affected: IFN-γ levels were increased, but IL-10 levels were decreased. The vaccination also increased the T cell population along with the number of CD8+ dendritic cells during early metastasis. These results indicated that rNDV-BV induced an IFN-γ response against the tumor antigen and suppressed metastasis in the mouse model. Keywords: Autologous-tumor Vaccine; Newcastle Disease Virus; Melanoma Lung Metastasis Mouse Model; Cell-Mediated Immunity; IFN-γ; Abbreviations: NDV: Newcastle Disease Virus; rNDV: Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus; rNDV-BV: Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus to Prepare the Vaccine; B16: B16 Mouse Melanoma Cell; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Hepatitis B Vaccines Sold in Open Markets in South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Okafor UU , Ugwu MC , Nworu CS , Ugwu BC , Ejikeugwu CP , Nwanegbo EC , Esimone CO
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to determine the compliance of different brands of Hepatitis B vaccines marketed in open markets across South-Eastern Nigeria with Pharmacopoeial standards for safety and immunogenicity. Four different commercial brands of hepatitis B vaccines (Hepavax, Euvax, Sii and Engerix brands) were purchased from open markets across the five states of South-Eastern Nigeria. The toxicity and immunogenicity of the different vaccine brands were evaluated using animal model. Using 70 mice, the immunogenicity of the vaccines was evaluated by quantifying Hepatitis B-specific antibody levels after immunization. Similarly, safety of these vaccines was evaluated by investigating the sterility, endotoxin levels, and changes in the weight, liver enzymes (ALT) and white blood cell count (WBC) The various brands of hepatitis B vaccines appeared sterile and conformed to Pharmacopeial requirements for parenteral products. All the vaccine samples were all endotoxin-free and nontoxic. The total white blood cell (WBC) count showed no significant increase at 18 and 72 hours in the test animals after administration of the vaccines. Except in animals immunized with Euvax 1 brand, there was no significant change (P < 0.05) in the weights of the test animals at Day 8 after immunization compared to the control. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the ALT levels produced by various vaccine brands. All the vaccines induced the production of Hepatitis B specific antibodies. All the tested brands appeared immunogenic. However, while three brands conformed to the Pharmacopeial safety profile, more studies are needed to further evaluate the safety of Euvax because on unsatisfactory weight changes observed in this study. Keywords: Hepatis B Vaccines; Nigeria; Commercially Available; Efficacy; Immunogenicity; Safety;