bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological changes on Splenomegaly induced in Experimental rats Wistar albino
Authors: K. Al-Malaak Maha
Published: January 2024

This study was aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in experimental rats with induced splenomegaly and liver fibrosis by administering thioacetamid (TAA). Liver fibrosis was clearly noticed in all experimental rats after intraperitoneally injected with a dose (200mg/kg) body weight for 8 weeks ,while control rats injected with buffered saline.The body , spleen and liver weight were recorded , also ratio of liver and spleen per body weight was estimated.Macroscopical changes including (colour, size, congested, signs of fibrosis, irregularity, nature of surface) regarded to liver and spleen were clarified.

The livers showed coarse granulation surface, fibrous (white) spots, pale color and congested with large size, while spleen appeared enlarged, reddish, with fibrous regions, twister and fragil easy to destruct.Biochemical results revealed to statistical difference (p<0.05) in the rate of albumin and total protein concentration in splenomegaly rats compared to control. Inhibition of both (Gpt and Got) enzymes was estimated in rats with splenomegaly up compared to control rats.There was statistical difference in the mean concentration of total bilirubin in splenomegaly rats in comparison to control rats. The results of microscopic investigation of tissue sections related to rats liver with enlarged spleen showed dilation in portal veins with an increased in (PV) diameter in relation to control rats, also significant increased with splenic lymph nodules diameter in splenomegaly rats compared to control rats.Results on liver sections stained with (PAS) reagent indicated to dense, coarse and red glycogen granules were deposit on hepatocytes also fibrosis, hyperplasia, fibrous septa, large amount of collagen fibers and destruction of normal lobules were observed.The results referred to swollen hepatocytes, pyknotic nuclei, vacuoles with lipid accumulation and moderate steatosis was obvious in all sections of livers with cirrhosis .Hyperplasia, dilated bile ducts and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Spleen sections of splenomegaly rats showed congested red pulp, some lymph nodule s appeared active and more than one aggregated together, thickening in fibrous trabecullae and numerous macrophages with hemosidrin deposite.Hemorrhage with large numbers of erythrocytes and platelets deposit in large blood vessels, thickening in capsule with more fibrous tissue compared with control rats.
Detection of Some SalmonellaEnteritidisVirulence Genes by Multiplex-PCR Assay Using Two Different DNA Extraction Methods
Authors: T. Al-Kaaby Kareem , H. Al-Dabhaw Ahmed , M.Samaka Hayder
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was screeningsome Salmonella genus-specific virulence genes by multiplex-PCR technique using a group of primers targeting InvA,SipB,SpiA,CdtB,PefA genes using two different DNA extraction methods. A total of fifteen Salmonella isolates from patient's stool samples were collected. Suspected colonies onHiChromeRajhans (HCR) Medium and XLD medium were selected, and biochemical and serological tests were then performed for identification of Salmonella. Identification of Salmonella serotypes was done in Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) with O and H antisera. Extraction of bacterial genome was down by boiling method and salting out method using commercial kit (WizardÂ® Genomic DNA purification Kit). The results showed that all screened genes (chromosomally and plasmid-mediated) were found in all tested SalmonellaEnteritidis strains except cdtB gene which is thought to be limited only to certain SalmonellaTyphi andS.Paratyphi A strains. Moreover,the presence of pefA gene could be depending on host-adapted serovars. Boiling extraction method and commercial kit both gave a good result in multiplex-PCR technique. In conclusion, the results from this study of occurrence of SPIs genes support previous studies suggesting that these virulence genes are widely distributed among Salmonella and required for full Salmonella virulence, in addition, the boiling method was good, easy and specific method for multiplex-PCR technique.
Stereological study of human placental barrier in pregnant women suffering from gestational diabetes
Authors: Mahdi Ali Saleh
Published: January 2024

A prospective case control study conducted at Basrah maternity and child hospital and Basrah medical college. The study includes twenty samples of placental tissue from gestational diabetic pregnant women and ten samples of placental tissue from normal pregnant women ( control group). Tissue sections of all samples were stained by Haematoxylin and eosinand examined under light microscope with screen for stereological investigation to the placental barrier stereological quantitation of placental barrier; comparison between different placental barrier parameters of the placenta in normal and gestational diabetes. Although there is an increase in all means of placental barrier parameters in placenta of gestational diabetes pregnant women than placenta of normal pregnant women but there is no statistical difference at (P<0.05).There are only exception that (TDD,FBP and MBP are statistically differ at(P<o.05) tables (1,2). In addition: Qualitative (morphological observations and structural) changes are obtained as following:-Differences in thickness of the syncytiotrophoblast and basement membrane thickness in villi more marked in gestational diabetes. Thrombosis of fetal arteries and infracted villi more than normal some regions have extensive infraction than other regions. Villous vessels with multilayered and fibrinoid necrosis of villi more in gestational diabetes.Capillary proliferation and cellularity were increased in gestational diabetes. Fibrosis of villi in gestational diabetes.
The potential effects of short course of Statins on some platelets parameters in rats
Authors: H. Abboud Sameer , K. Abbas Majid , S. MehdyZaini Saadia , T. Naqi Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Background : Platelets play an important role in the process of homeostasis, specifically in atherosclerosis formation when low molecular weight lipoprotein deposit in the wall of blood vessels and plaques formation ,this associated with many inflammatory response one of them is Platelet activation subsequent to the adhesion of platelets to the vascular wall results in the release of mediators that promote platelet aggregation. Aim : Statins as most drugs used for treatment hyperlipidemia have multiple effects including anti inflammatory effects , stabilization of plugs and inhibits platelets activation during atherosclerosis of the blood vessels.Materials and Methods : To evaluate the platelets activation there are many simple parameters can be made like platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume. Platelets parameter considered as marker about platelets activation state. Twenty one males rats were enrolled in our research , divided into three group , each group contain seven rats .First group considered as control group , second group considered was given simvastatin , third group was given atorvastatin. The drug dosing continued for 15 days after that blood was withdrawn to measure platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume. Results : There was no significant differences among control and treatment groups in regard to their effects on platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume (P >0.05).Conclusion : Neither simvastatin nor atorvastatin affect platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume.
Significant of conventional serological tests in diagnostic of Brucellosis in AL-Diwaniyah province
Authors: .H. AL-Hamdani Adnan , J. AL-Zawadi Naser
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted on 351 serum samples from suspected cases brucellosis of human (125 ) (68 male and 57 female )of age distribution from (10-70) years and 100 sheep (84 females and 16 males) , goat (23 female and 17 male ) and cow (64 female and 22 male ) of different ages (1->3 years) suspected selected from October 2011 to August 2012 in Diwaniyah province. The Rose Bengal test, tube agglutination test and 2- mercaptoethanol test were used to determine the incidence of brucellosis. The highest infection rate of disease was recorded by Rose Bengal test 19.2%, 21% , 17.39% and 8.13% in human sheep ,goat and cow respectively . In human the high incidence was in male where as in livestock animal the highest incidence was in females in all serological tests and the highest incidence was in females at the age between 1-3 years whereas in males more than 3 years of age .The results of tube agglutination test revealed the titer 1/320 occurred mostly compared with other titers. Eight chronic cases were determined by 2-mercapto-ethanol test in human and 4 ,1 and 2 chronic cases in sheep , goat and cow respectively. The degree of agreement of negative samples with Rose Bengal test and tube agglutination, and 2- mercaptoethanol tests was 99%, 99% in human and 98.43% and 98.43% in sheep, as well as 100% in both test for goat and cow respectively .
Auditory brainstem evoked response in deaf children
Authors: Kalef M Rahi , Yaqoub Yousef Raid , Abd-almer jwad Ali
Published: January 2024

This study is designed to determine the degree , type of deafness, and site of lesion in the auditory pathway of deaf children by using Brainstem evoked response audiometry.This study is prospective in nature. It considerd 56 patients with deafness which were assessed between July and December 2010 in E.N.T outpatient clinic, department of otolaryngology, in Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital, AL-diwaniya city, Iraq.The study shows that The degrees of deafness are: out of 56 patients, 12 patients (N=12, 21.4%) have mild deafness (20db- 40db loss), 16 patients (N-16, 28.6%) have moderate defness (40db- 60db loss), 28 patients (N=28, 50%) have sever or profound deafness (60db- 100db loss). The type and site of deafness are: out of 56 patients, 11 patients (N=11, 20% have conductive deafness, 26 patients (N=26, 46.4%) have cochlear (sensory) deafness, 17 patients (N=17, 30%) have retrocochlear (neural) deafness, 2 patients (N=2, 3.6%) have cortical deafness.the brainstem evoked response audiometry valuable audiological test to assess the auditory pathway in children.
Effect of Topically â€“ Applied Carvedilol on Intraocular Pressure in Normal and Ocular Hypertensive Rabbits
Authors: A. Abdul-Hussein Baha'a , A. Alzubaidy Adeeb , M. Abbas Rafid
Published: January 2024

Background: In glaucoma, as optic neuropathy gradually proceeds unnoticed by the patient, early detection and treatment is of paramount importance in arresting or controlling the progress of damage.Aim of the study: To explore effects of topical carvedilol on intraocular pressure (IOP) in each of normotensive and ocular hypertensive eyes of rabbits, with assessment of drug safety.Material and methods: A group of 54 males rabbits were included in this study. Induction of ocular hypertension was achieved by injection of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose in the anterior chamber of rabbits right eye. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial therapeutic effect (part I) and both prophylactic as well as therapeutic effect (part II). The included rabbits were divided into distilled water group, timolol (0.25% and 0.5%) groups, and carvedilol (0.25% and 0.5%). Each of drug eye drops (including distilled water) were instilled into right eyes 3 times/day for 4 days prophylactically and for 10 days therapeutically. The rabbits had been examined for the IOP, pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex, and conjunctival redness prior to instillation of drugs and along the trial period.Results: Ocular hypotensive effects of carvedilol (0.25%) and (0.5%) eye drops were more efficient than that of distilled water (P<0.01). Furthermore, carvedilol (0.25%) eye drop simulated timolol (0.25%) eye drop (P>0.05) in its ocular hypotensive effect along the trial period .Carvedilol eye drop required 4 days of instillation into normotensive eyes to achieve highly significant (P<0.01) ocular hypotensive effect whereas 10 days were needed to do so in ocular hypertensive eyes; such ocular hypotensive effect was more efficient than that of distilled water, but less efficient than that of timolol eye drop.In both parts of the present study and regarding each of mean pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex and conjunctival redness, carvedilol (0.25% or 0.5%) eye drops had no significant adverse effect (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Carvedilol eye drops instilled 3 times / day had an obvious prophylactic role in normotensive and a beneficial, safe, and tolerable therapeutic ocular hypotensive effects on hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose - induced ocular hypertension in rabbits .
The local Propolis as protective and therapeutic modulator on some biochemical parameters in diabetic nephropathic rats
Authors: K. jabar Nawal , A. Jabir Ferdous
Published: January 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of daily oral administration of local Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EPP) on blood glucose, antioxidant defense system and kidney function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats to show the ameliorating and partly curative effects in STZ-induced rats(60mg/kg) intrapretonial (i.p). Seventy five rats (150-160gm) were divided into 5 groups, normal rats, diabetic rats, normal treated with local EEP for 6 weeks, pretreated with local EEP for 3 weeks then induced diabetic in rats for 3 weeks and the last group, after 3 weeks(normal) induced diabetic in rats then post- treated with local EEP for 3 weeks. The dose of EEP 200mg/kg for the last three groups, and groups 2, 4 and 5 were induced diabetes in the same time at the end of the first 3 weeks.After 6 weeks , serum of samples were collected from anesthetic rats to determined the biochemical alterations.Antioxidant status in rats were estimated by determined the Glutathione(GSH) concentration, and Glutathion peroxidase (GPx) activity, and also measured renal function by the tests of Serum Urea and Creatinine concentrations, the result of this research indicated the effect of local EEP as protective or therapeutic in this experiment, the diabetic group showed decreased significantly(p<0.05) in body weight gain, increased(p<0.05) blood glucose, decreased significantly(p<0.05) activity of GPx and GSH concentration and increased significantly(p<0.05) serum Urea and Creatinine concentrations, as well as local EEP was moderated and effected significantly decrease(p<0.05) glucose level, Urea and Creatinine concentrations, increased significantly(p<0.05) activity of GPx and GSH concentration, as a result, it led to protect the kidney from damage by moderated their functions.
Isolation of Enterobacteraerogenes from urine of patient with urinary tracts infection and studying pathogenicity of Enterobacteraerogenes in mice
Authors: AbdulHassan Mohamed Liath , Rafat AbdulHassan Mohamed Jawad , Ali Anok Najum Jawad
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to isolate Enterobacteraerogenes from urine of patient with UTI and showing its pathogenicity in mice, a total 150 urine specimens were collected and cultured on MacConky agare then tested biochemically and with API- 20 to confirm diagnosis of Enterobacter aerogenes, after that injected 4 groups of mice with (108,109 and 1010 CFU/ml) respectively, while fourth group consider as a control group, also extracted the cell wall from Enterobacteraerogenes and used four groups of mice to injected with different concentration(300, 200 and 150 Î¼/ml) of extracted cell wallrespectively, while fourth group consider as a control group. Results shows that 11 isolates of Enterobacter were obtained from urine and out of 11 isolates 8 isolates were belong to Enterobacter aerogenes. Bacterial isolation from internal organs showed very heavy isolation of Bactria in dose 1010 CFU/ml as compared with other dose, histopathological changes of organs for mice injected with live bacteria and extracted cell wall revealed same the tissue damage as compared with control groups.
Tinnitus in Al-Diwania city
Authors: Rajeh Jaber Mazin
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Tinnitus is a sound perceived for more than five minutes at a time, in the absence of any external acoustical or electrical stimulation of the ear and not occurring immediately after exposure to loud noise. It is either subjective, audible only to the patient, or objective, audible to the examiner as well. It is a complex symptom, as it is usually associated with other neurotological complaints.Aim of study : To evaluate the distribution and the possible causes of tinnitus in Al-Diwania city.Method: This is a randomized analytic descriptive study, consisted of 200 patients. They were 110 males and 90 females . They had been assessed at the otolaryngology department in Al-Diwania teaching hospital, in Al-Diwania city in Iraq, during the period between April 2013 to September 2014, the age ranged from 10-80 years .We asked every patient about any sound in the ear or head lasting 5 minuts or longer, and whether it was unilateral or bilateral, followed by The clinical examination which included neurological, otorhinolaryngological assessment and audiological evaluation. In the patients with suspected neurological problem we did magnetic resonance imaging. For assessment of hearing loss we did pure tone audiometry and tympanometry.Results:most of our the patients ( 86 %) were above 40 years old, the most common causes were otological diseases (98%),while the non otological diseases found in ( 2%) in form of temporo-mandibular joint disorders . The most common otological causes were noise-induced hearing loss (include acoustic trauma) (30%) followed by presbyacusis (21%)and wax impaction (15%). The other otological causes were: otitis media with effusion(13.5%), followed by chronic otitis media(7.5%), sudden hearing loss(5%), acute otitis media (3.5%), meniere's disease (1.5%),and ototoxicity (1%.)Conclusion: The incidence of tinnitus increased with age,and the majority of the patients were above 40 years old. The most common causes were otological diseases. The most common otological causes were noise-induced hearing loss followed by presbyacusis and wax impaction.
Incidence Rate of Musculoskeletal Congenital Anomalies of Neonates in Muthanna Province From 1/1/2008 to 1/1/2009
Authors: Taha Hassan Al-Azzawi Ali
Published: January 2024

Background: Electrical injuries, though uncommon and largely preventable ,they usually have serious consequences including death .Objectives: To study the pattern of electric injuries, and recognize the factors that increase their mortality so that we can reduce it .Materials & Methods :A retrospective study of sever electrically injured cases in Babil Governorate during a period of 15 months, from January 2006 to March 2007 (included) was carried out. From the records of the burn wards of Hilla Teaching General Hospital and the autopsy records of Forensic Pathology Department of Babil Health Directorate, sever electrically injured victims were retrospectively studied according to the type of electric injury, the voltage, associated secondary traumatic injury and whether it is work related or not. .The age ,sex , location of entry and/or exit of the electric current and the emergency resuscitative measures applied in the Emergency Departments (EDs)were considered.Results:. The total number of electrically injured victims ( both hospitalized and non hospitalized ) were 33, 30(90.9%) cases due to contact with low voltage, 2(6.7%) due to high voltage and 1 (3.3%) due to lightning strike. Out of 28 cases for whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was indicated, only in 14(50%) cases ,its application was recorded in the cards of Emergency Departments .Conclusions: The mortality rate following electrocution ,in Babil, was 93.93% which is too high in comparison with the international studies rate of 3-15%
Depression Among Internally Displaced People After February 22,2006 In Al-Diwaniya Governorate
Authors: Mohammed Alkhafaji Abdulzahra , Rajii Jallab Hassan , Mahdi Yassien Salah
Published: January 2024

Background Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are those who have been forced from their home but, unlike refugees, remain within the borders of their own countries. Mental health is recognized as a key public health issue for conflict-affected populations. Studies revealed high levels of depression among IDPsAims of the studyThis study aims to identify the prevalence rate of depression among IDPs who left their homes after the bombing of the Al-Askari Shrine in Samara and now are resettled in AL-Diwaniyah governorate.Also to study the prevalence rate of depression in relation with some socio- demographic variables (such as age, sex, marital status, occupation, and education).Also measuring the severity of depression among those people.MethodsOne hundred ten IDPs have been randomly selected in one area of Al-Diwaniya governorate (Insaf village) from a period of august 2nd, 2012 to January 2nd,2013. The presence of depression was diagnosed by using a semi â€“structured interview schedule based on ICD-10, diagnostic criteria for depression ,and its severity was rated by Beck depression inventory. The patients group was matched for age and sex with control group to achieve comparability.ResultsThe result showed that the prevalence rate of depression in IDPs was 34.5% compared with 16.4% among their matched control group and this result was statistically significant. The rate of depression was higher for females than males ,with some differences in depression rate among socio-demographic variable. And According to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) , the majority of our depressive patients(60%) were of moderate severity of depressionConclusionsDepression is common in IDPs .
Immunological Status of Hepatitis vaccin among B-Thalassemia major patients in Diwaniya
Authors: A. Al-Hilaly Hummady , H. Al-Zamili Aalan , F. Al-Hamzawi Sarah
Published: January 2024

Sixty two thalassemic patients who were regularly attending maternity and obstetrics teaching hospital Al- Diwaniya ,(22) who were apparently healthy, all have enrolled for serological screening during the period ( January 2013- March 2013)The ELISA is used to evaluat the load of HBs-Ag, HBC and HBs-Ab.Only one case has given positive for HbsAg test , while (2) of the patients showed positive test for HCV .Moreover,4(6.5%) patients had no HBs-Ab in their serum and at high risk of contract infection . The titer of these antibodies has shown to be negatively correlated with number of blood transfusions .A regular screening for Hepatitis immunologic status is recommended.Aims of the study to detect and clarify the immunologic status of Î²-thalassemia patient by evaluation of hepatitis B and C , antigens and antibody using ELISA.
The validity of Sonography in distinguishing benign solid breast mass from malignant
Authors: Ayad Abdulsattar Osamah
Published: January 2024

Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV)of ultrasonography (US) in distinguish benign solid breast mass from malignant one.Patients and methods: Between April 2009 and October 2012 , 243 female patients with breast lesions diagnosed by their managing surgeons, were sonographically assessed .Those who had solid lesions were selected for a prospective study through comparison with the histopathological finding of the open biopsies taken from the lesions . US features that most reliably characterize masses as benign or malignant had been strictly applied for diagnosing these cases. Sonographic classifications were compared with histopathological reports of the biopsies . The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of the sonography were calculated.Results:Sonographically ,108(44%) cases were classified as benign and 135(56%) were malignant . 12 (11%) lesions classified as benign sonographically, were found to be malignant histopathologically. 33 (24%) lesion classified as malignant were found to be benign histopathologically . Thus, the classification scheme had a negative predictive value of 89% and positive predictive value 75%.Conclusion: Sonography could help in distinguish benign solid mass and can be follow up .
Analysis of Suprapubic ultrasonographic measurements in Assessment of Prostate dimensions and Volume
Authors: R. Akal Hazim , H. Fahad Ali
Published: January 2024

Objective: As far the prostate size is an important parameter to determine the way to treat the patient with BPH and the type of surgery used, so the objective of our study was to compare and evaluate the ultrasonographic size of the prostate by suprapubic rout with the real postoperative prostate size .Materials and Methods: between July 2011 and May 2012 forty three patients underwent both preoperative suprapubic ultrasonography (SPUS) and either transvesical or retropubic prostatectomy for BPH was included in this study. Using ellipse volume calculation (height, length and width), SPUS prostate volume was determined, and was compared with the measured volume of the specimen post-operative.Results: Prostate volume measured by SPUS, correlated closely with real specimen volume. The study revealed no significant difference between SPUS prostate volume and real post-operative specimen volume.Conclusion: Prostate volume measured by SPUS closely correlates with real prostate volume. Furthermore, we suggest that when measuring prostate volume in this way, itâ€™s more comfortable to the patients and noninvasive procedure.
Postoperative ketamine infusion in comparison with tramadol infusion for postoperative pain relief
Authors: Hrez Ali Al-Sudani Basim , Swadi Raheem Sahar
Published: January 2024

Background:Systemic narcotics commonly used for postoperative analgesia are associated with many side effects.Many studies regarding the best postoperative analgesic regimen with minimum side effects have been done over the last 20 years.In this study we compare between the postoperative intravenous infusion of tramadol with the postoperative intravenous infusion of ketamine .Method : This stidy was carried out on 120 parturients prepared for an elective caeserian section under general anaesthesia . All patients subjects according to American Society Of Anaesthesiologist ( ASA) classification were grade 1 & 2 between 20 â€“ 40 of age. Subject were allocated into two groups ( 60 patients in each group ):Group A ( Ketamine group ) ( n = 60 ) patients received a bolus dose of ketamine( 0.3 mg/kg) followed by an intravenous infusion at 0.1 mg â€¢ kgâˆ’1 â€¢ hâˆ’1) postoperatively .Group B (Control group) ( n = 60 ) patients received a bolus dose of tramadol ( 2 mg/kg ) followed by an intravenous infusion (0.2 mg â€¢ kgâˆ’1 â€¢ hâˆ’1) postoperativelyDiclofenac suppositories were given to both groups postoperatively.Results: The ketamine group had less pain at rest and with movement , required less diclofenac suppositories throughout the 24 h study period. Ketamine, improved subjective analgesic efficacy . Hallucinations were more common in ketamine patients, but other side effects were similar .Conclusion: Small doses of postoperative intravenous infusion of ketamine is a better choice for postoperative analgesia than an intravenous infusion of tramadol.
The impact of educational level on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices toward breast cancer among women attending primary health center in Kufa city
Authors: Ghazi Hamid Huda
Published: January 2024

This study is aiming at exploring breast cancer related knowledge, attitude and practices toward breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) and to evaluate the effects of educational level on them. For this a cross sectional study covering 234 women attending Primary Health Care center in Kufa city, Najaf governorate was carried out during the period of 1st of November 2012 to the 1st of February 2013, data collection was done by using questionnaire forms containing demographic and, questions related to the symptoms and signs of breast cancer, questions about the risk factors, questions related to BSE practice. Results showed that 48.7% of the participant had a low level of education,38.8%, 12.4% had moderate and high levels respectively with no significant statistical association (p=0.322). Although 74.4% of the participants had been heard about BSE only 21.8% of them practiced it regularly. The main causes for non-practicing BSE were afraid to find out a lump and lack of information about it. Only 24.4% knew the correct time of BSE for postmenopausal women while 42.3% knew the correct time for premenopausal women. The main source of information was from television. Results also showed that 74.4% of the participants knew that breast cancer can be prevented through early diagnosis by BSE and mammogram. These results indicate that women have poor knowledge of breast cancer and minority practice BSE .although, education must be the major determinant of level of knowledge and health behavior among the community but in this study e was no relation between educational level and the overall knowledge level.
Correlation between Angiographic in-Stent Restenosis and Post-procedural Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in Diabetic Patients underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug eluting Stent
Authors: Z. Alshibani Mazin , Mutasher Swadi Tariq , Fawzi Alzamily Ali
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common, complex, and chronic metabolic disorder act as an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has been shown to be an independent predictor for in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.Objectives: To determine the influence of HbA1c level on the frequency of in-stent restenosis in diabetic patients after elective percutaneous coronary intervention.Patients and Methods: 89 diabetic patients with recurrent ischemia had history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention and stented coronary arteries with drug eluting stent were admitted to the Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases for elective coronary catheterization with or without percutaneous coronary intervention in period between April 2013 and March 2014. All patients were evaluated thoroughly. 26 patients were excluded for different reasons. 63 patients were assessing for stent patency during catheterization. 29 patients with patent stents. 34 patients with in-stent restenosis were investigated with HbA1c level. Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting blood sugar concentration â‰¥126 mg/dl, random blood sugar â‰¥200 mg/dl with suggestive symptoms or positive history of diabetes mellitus with diet control or use an oral hypoglycemic agent(s) or insulin at the time of admission. Patients with in-stent restenosis were categorized into two groups based on their HbA1c level, good glycemic control (HbA1c â‰¤ 7%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c>7%).Results: Males represent 19 (55.9%) and females represent 15 (44.1%) of diabetic patients with in-stent restenosis. In table 2, 27 (79.45%) diabetic patients with poor glycemic control more likely to have in-stent restenosis than 7 (20.6%) patients with good glycemic control, P.value < 0.005. In table 4 in-stent restenosis more likely to occur in non-proximal left anterior descending artery after elective PCI in 20 out of 27 patients with poor glycemic control, P.value < 0.005.Conclusions: Our study reveals that there is a correlation between poor glycemic control and increased frequency of in-stent restenosis of drug eluting stents in diabetic patients. Poor glycemic controlled diabetic patients are more liable for in-stent restenosis of drug eluting stents after intervention in non-proximal left anterior descending artery.
Factors Associated With spectacle-wear compliance among hypermetropic pre-school children in Al-diwaniya Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Abbas. Al-Shamarti Saif
Published: January 2024

Background: Uncorrected refractive error are community health problem among pre-school children. It's also considered as the most common cause of avoidable visual impairment in children worldwide. Objective: This study intended to measure the extent of compliance of hypermetropic preschool children with spectacle wear and the factors connected with non-compliance.Method: The study was carried out in my ophthalmology private clinic. One hundred and fourteen patients (114 patients) below 6 years old were enrolled this study. Each was interviewed by the author of correspondence. the possible factors associated with non-compliance with spectacle wear were identified.Results: The total number of patients enrolled in this study was 114 among them 36% were compliance with spectacle wear while 73% were non compliance. The results also revealed that children less than 2 years were 12 and 35 in compliant and non compliant respectively. For gender distribution, there were 15 male and 26 female in complaint children while there were 39 male and 34 female in those who non complaint. Urban children showed high compliant for spectacle wear than rural one.Conclusion: One of the risk factor for noncompliance with in the present study were region distribution and ignorance by family. More population based studies with larger sample should be conducted to assess the determinants of the spectacle use and the barriers to spectacle use should be addressed.
Incidence and methods of diagnosis of postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in A symptomatic patients
Authors: Ali Hussein Al Sultani Dheyaa
Published: January 2024

This is prospective study which was carried on( 100) patients with one or more of risk factor for the development of DVT who were admitted in the surgical units in Hilla General Teaching Hospital during the period from of January 2010 to the december 2012. The Aim of the study was to identify the incidence of DVT in postoperative patients, To identify the clinicl presentation of patients with DVT, and to verify the best methods of diagnosis of the DVT.This study was done on 100 patients who were divided into 3 groups according to the most common presentation .All patients with one or more risk factor for the development of DVT who were subjected postopretively for duplex study of lower limb veins and D.D.protein assay.The incidence of development of postoperative DVT increase with age,weight,majorsurgery,long duration of surgical procedure, long period of hospitalization and in urgent surgeries.The most common presentation were unilateral leg swelling ,calf pain , tenderness and homan"s sing.There is a statistically significant correlation between the duplex study and D.D. protein and incidence of DVT.The combination of the D.D. protein estimation and duplex study of lower limb vessels in patients with clinical features suggestive of DVT is the mainstay of diagnosis of DVT.
Diagnosis and Assessment of Severity of Neonatal HyperbilirubinÃ¦mia in Babylon Governorate, Incorporating Serum Albumin Level As A Sensitive Predictor of Outcome
Authors: MA Al Hassan Ameerah , J. Mousa Mazin , W. Azeez Safa , MA. Al-Kufaishi Ali
Published: January 2024

Neonatal jaundice is a common health problem in Iraqi neonates and oriental populations in general. Proper diagnosis and management is crucial to prevent brain damage by high concentrations of bilirubin (kernicterus). Neonatal jaundice is also regarded as the most common cause of hospitalization of neonates. It is widely agreed that the causes of neonatal jaundice is alteration of a panel of physiological factors including rapid postnatal destruction of excess red blood cells, derangement of liver clearance function and prematurity.This study was designed to reveal the importance of determining serum albumin level as a predictor of liver function in neonates with jaundice. Sixty-four patients were included in this study during a period of four months. A ratio between bilirubin and albumin levels (B/A ratio) was depicted. A B/A ratio of < 2 showed no risk of exchange transfusion as a treatment modality in all four patients aged 5-12 days, noting that there are no neonates aging 2-5 days with a B/A ratio of < 2, reflecting the accelerated course in this age group. A ratio > 4 carried a high risk of exchange transfusion (18 out of 23 in those aging 5-12 days). The grey zone of B/A ratio lying between 2-4 needed further follow up and more clinical determinants to be treated properly, only 5 out 21 were treated by exchange transfusion aging 5-12 days, while only 1 out of 8 aging 2-5 days was subjected to exchange transfusion. It is clear that the B/A ratio is a good indicator of the severity of neonatal jaundice, predicting the modality of treatment options.
External fixation of type I intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with high risk comorbid conditions
Authors: J. kadhim Raad
Published: January 2024

In Al- diwaniya city as part of adeveloping country we have only one hospital and we have high number of intertrochanteric fracture patients which usually occurres in patients having medical illnesses which make them unfit for general anaesthesia or lengthy operation or keeping them for long time on conservative treatment in hospital. So due to these factors the treatment of high risk patients with intertrochanteric fracture is a challenge.In this study we aim to evaluate the results of treatment of intertrochnanteric fractures of the femur by external fixation in a group of high risk geriatric patients in Al-diwaniya city /Iraq.Our study involves 40 patients with mean age of 73.5 years, and type I kyle classification with the average follow up time of 12 months.Good fixation and early ambulation was achieved in most of the patients.Complete fracture healing was achieved in all patient and the fixator was removed after an average of 95 days.Twenty five patients developed superficial pin tract infection and six patients had an average shortening of 2cm due to varus angulation by impaction at fracture sites during weightbearingOur study demonstrates that treatment of intertrochanetric fractures by external fixation is simple and can be done under local anaesthesia with or without narcotic analgesia and we think it is good alternative to internal fixation in medically high risk patients.
The Effect Of Maintaining Normal Mean Arterial Blood Pressure On The Incidence Of Intraoperative Emetic Episodes During Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Hrez Ali Al-Sudani Basim
Published: January 2024

Objective : To evaluate the effect of maintaining normal mean arterial blood pressure on the incidence of intraoperative emetic episodes in patient undergoing lower limbs orthopaedic surgeries under spinal anaesthesia .Method : .60 Patients were randomly divided into two groups each composed of 30 patients . Group( A) received ephedrine 15 mg intravenously immediately after spinal anaesthesia with 2ml Bupivacaine 0.5% while group ( B ) received normal saline instead of ephedrine immediately after spinal anaesthesia with the same local anaesthetic . Baseline and frequent subsequent reading of mean arterial blood pressure , pulse rate , oxygen saturation , number and severity of intraoperative emetic episodes were noted .Results : No significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of emetic episodes that need a treatment with an anti-emetics . However the total number of cases associated with an intraoperative emetic episodes is obviously less in group (A) than group ( B) .Conclusion : the anti-emetic drug(s) as a prophylactic for intraoperative emetic episodes is necessary even when the mean arterial blood pressure is maintained during spinal anaesthesia .Further studies in this aspect is needed .
Psychiatric Comorbidity among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Najaf Province
Authors: H. Al-Dujaily Arafat
Published: January 2024

Background:Compared with several other chronic childhood disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious and disabling group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Relatively little attention has been given to its early identification and comorbid psychiatric disorders especially in the Arab world.Objectives: The present study was conducted with the main aim to identify comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to find out the sociodemographic factors in relation to ASD.Methods: The study was conducted from 1st January 2013 to 30th December 2013. Participants were clinically referred children aged 3â€“12 years (n = 100) at psychiatric unit of AL Hakeem General Hospital in Najaf. A semi-structured questionnaire included the various demographic and academic characteristics including age, gender, parental educational and occupational status etc. DSM-IV classifications were used for the primary diagnosis (ASD), while comorbid psychiatric disorders were assessed using a structured diagnostic interview, the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, childhood diagnoses (KID-SCID). Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: The majority of the patients were aged 5â€“10 years. Statistically significant proportion of children diagnosed with an ASD was male who live in an urban area and had satisfactory family income with small family size, they also had well educated parents but their mother was housewife. Fifty-nine children with ASD (59%) were classified as having at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. However, children with ASD had more comorbid internalizing disorders (39%) compared to comorbid externalizing disorders (ODD and/or CD) (20%). More specifically, children with ASD had higher rates of anxiety disorders (31%), but not mood disorders.Conclusions: This study confirms the frequent co-occurrence of ASD with other psychiatric disorders, so it is important for clinicians to always be aware of, and screen for, comorbidity, and to consider treatment for these comorbid disorders. In addition, more research is needed on the epidemiology of autism-related medical and psychiatric disorders and outcome.
The Role of Protamine 1 Gene Polymorphism and Anti FSH Antibody in Infertile Couples
Authors: M. Khadhim Manal , S. Al-quizwini Taghreed , A. Hussian Thaer
Published: January 2024

Background: Infertility is a worldwide problem which affects approximately 15% of all couples, and is defined as, inability to conceive after twelve months of contraceptive-free unprotected intercourse. Materials and methods: Optical density of anti follicle stimulation hormone antibody in the serum was detected by enzymeâ€“linked immunosorbent assay technique and from which anti follicle stimulation hormone antibody concentrations were evaluated according to cut-off. One polymorphic sites of Protamine 1 Gene was genotyped on 72 couples suffering from infertility. Another group consist of 20 couples apparently healthy individuals. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: Anti FSH antibody result demonstrated differences in antibody values between the patients and the control group with significant statistically, the frequency of the reported SNP was no significantly different compared to normal fertile males, which suggest that such SNP may not serve as a good molecular marker for genetic diagnosis of male infertility. Conclusion: The SNP G197T are completely absent and are not associated with male infertility with aforementioned, therefore these SNPs may not represent as a molecular marker for the diagnosis of genetic cause of male infertility in our studied population.
Deliberate Self Harm Cases Presented to the Emergency Unit of Al-Hussein General Teaching Hospital in Karbala/ Iraq
Authors: Al-Haidary Amir , Al-Badri Sami
Published: January 2024

Aim:To study the socio-demographic characteristics of deliberate self harm (DSH)of patients presented to the emergency unit of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Karbala governorate in Iraq and to study the methods they used and inquiring about the cause.Subject and Method: From the period (1st of May 2011) to (1st of January 2012) all patients with DSHwho were presented to the emergency unit of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital were referred to a psychiatrist to assess them. We collected 113 patients.Registering the socio-demographic variables and the methods of use, patients then were assessed for the presence of a mental illness. Mental illness diagnosis was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - IV (DSM-IV).Patients were also asked about their motives from the act.Results:DSHwas more common in femalesthan in males in about four folds. The average age of patients was 24.68 years. DSH was more common in those with urban residency than those with rural residency in 3.3 folds. DSH was more common in the single, followed by the married, followed by the divorced. The two most common methods used were ingestion of drugs and ingestion of poisons.DSH in males was found to be associated with mental illness more than in females, while DSH in females was found to be associated with family problems more than in males.Conclusion:DSH is more common in young females. The most method used by both sexes was ingestion of drugs or poisons. Males got a tendency to use more violent methods except self-burning which is more common in females. DSH in males is more associated with a mental illness than in females. DSH in females is more associated with problems in the family. This goes well with previous studies that were done in our country.
Interleukin-6 Level among Iraqi Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia from Babil Province
Authors: B. Alawadi Najlaa
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. The exact role of IL-6 in CLL is still contraversial and needs alot of research.

Aim of the study: To measure serum level of interleukin-6 among Iraqi patients from Babil province with a newly diagnosed untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and to assess it's association with the stage of the disease and peripheral blood indices.

Materials and methods: This is a case-control study included 106 Iraqi patients with a newly diagnosed untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). They were from Babil province and attended the hospital during the period from 1st of November 2012 to 30th of October 2015, while the control group included 106 age and sex matched healthy individuals. CBC, blood film and serum IL-6 (Human IL-6 ELISA kit ) were done for both groups, and bone marrow exam was performed for the patients only.

Results: The age of the patients ranged from 44 to 82 years with mean age of 61.8 Â±6.14 years. Male:Female ratio was 1.8:1 and 57.5% of them were asymptomatic. Serum IL-6 was undetected in 39.6% (42/106) of the control cases and in 13.2% (14/106) of the patients; all of them were in CLL stages 0 and 1. Mean serum IL-6 in the patient group was 12.6 Â±5.1 pg/ml, while it was 6.2 Â±2.3 pg/ml in the control group (P-value was 0.001). Higher levels were documented in stages 3 and 4 (P-value 0.0001).

     Conclusion and recommendations: Elevated serum IL-6 was found among Iraqi patients with newly diagnosed untreated CLL, and higher levels were documented in advanced stage disease. Further studies are needed to assess exact role of IL-6 in CLL as it may have prognostic and/or therapeutic implications.