bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun dan Uji Hidrostatis Bubu MultifunnelUntuk Penangkapan Ikan Karang
Authors:   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Brawijaya, Sulkhani Y Eko , Pandu Prapto Izha , Khalwatu Rihmi Mihrobi , Arif Rahman Muhammad , Sukandar Sukandar , Gedhe Raka Wiadnya Dewa , Muntaha Ali , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: February 2022

Bubu merupakan alat tangkappaling memungkinkan untuk penangkapan ikan hias karang, selain itu alat tangkap inimempunyyai kelebihan selektif untuk spesies dan ukuran, hasil tangkapan berkualitas dan hidup, dampak terhadap lingkungan kecil, mudah dalam penyediaan bahan baku, serta murah. Namun diisisi lain sering terjadikegagalan saat pengoperasian, sebagai akibat hempasan arus dasar laut yang menyebabkan posisi bubu terbalik. Melalui rekayasa bubu lipat multifunnel, diharapkan menjadi solusi permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merekayasa bubu lipat multifunnel,menghitung nilai hidrostatis serta uji coba penangkapan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan ekperimental fishing. Bagian bubu lipat terdiri dari rangka besi, badan jaring, mulut bubu, tempat umpan serta pintu hasil tangkapan. Bubu didesain mempunyai enam mulut pada bagian sisi samping, bagian rangka hanya terdapat pada sisi atas dan bawahnya saja. Proses terbukanya bubu ketika dalam air karena adanya gaya apung pada rangka atas yang lebih besar dibandingkan gaya tenggelam pada rangka bawah, dan perbandingan gaya total antara rangka atas dan bawah lebih besargaya tenggelam. Besar gaya pada rangka atas -0,2344 kgf, rangka bawah 2,2753 kgf dan gaya total bubu sebesar 2,0409 kgf. Uji coba penangkapan memperoleh ikan kerapu, ikan kakatua dan morai.
Pendampingan Kegiatan Monitoring Kualitas Air Pada Pembudidaya Udang Vaname di Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors:   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Brawijaya, Maizar Suryanto Hertika Asus , Kilawati Yuni , Fajriani Sisca , Rosyidah Zahrotur , Anggraini Dini , Iswati Iswati , Rahmania  Nureka  Wasti Devi , Mifthakun Ni’mah Aprillia , Afandy Ilham , Apri Sembodo Punto , Gigih Purnama Hafish ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2022

Mitra pada kegiatan Doktor Mengabdi (DM) ini adalah petambak udang dari Desa Gending dan Desa Talang Kabupaten Probolinggo. Permasalahan yang dialami kedua mitra adalah kurangnya pengetahuan pembudidaya dalam mengelola kualitas air sehingga berdampak munculnya berbagai penyakit yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi kehidupan udang. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat Doktor Mengabdi (DM) LPPM UB akan menawarkan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut melalui sosialisasi penyuluhan dan wawasan tentang manajemen usahabudidaya ditunjang dengan sanitasi lingkungan budidaya dalam rangka menjaga mutu produksi dan peningkatan produksi. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalah penyuluhan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan hibah alat. Kegiatan ini melibatkan tujuh mahasiswa yang melakukan pengukuran kualitas air serta pengontrolan penyakit yang berada di tambak udang vaname pada masing-masing mitra di Desa Gending dan Talang. Kegiatan lainnya pada DM ini adalah dilakukan monitoring serta evaluasi dari kegiatan yang telah terlaksana. Hasil dari kegiatan pada kedua mitra telah secara rutin melakukan pengontrolan kualitas air menggunakan alat yang dihibahkan. Mereka menyampaikan sangat terbantu dengan kegiatan DM karena mereka sudah dapat memantau kualitas air dengan baik dan serangan penyakit dapat dicegah sehingga akan mendukung peningkatan produksi udang pada kedua mitra
Regularities and Principles of Training the Students for Future Professional Activities
Authors: Skrobach Nadiia , Shapoval Oksana , Vyshyvanyuk Vira , Petryna Vitalii
Published: February 2022

One of the most important results of the process of training students for future professional activity is the desired level of formation of their professional thinking. Thinking is a rational level and a way of forming cognitive, evaluative and practical actions. The peculiarity of this method is in the orientation of the subject to the objectivity, universality and productivity.

The approach to the concept of professional thinking as a special type of spiritual activity leads the researcher to work out the principle of monism of existence and thinking, and thus allows the derivation of forms of human spiritual activity from the laws of the material world, social practice, labor, social relations.

Training is performed on the basis of objective laws, according to which the class managers and those who study coordinate their actions. Education is a process of contradictory unity of reproductive and productive educational-cognitive activities of students.

Due to the fact that education involves the development of participants, it covers learning situations in which students study to master and manage the ways of professional productive activity.

Education – is a process of transition of a degree of educational-cognitive independence of participants of the classes into the quality of their material mastering.

This regularity draws attention to the existence of a connection between the educational-cognitive independence of the lessons participants and the quality of their material mastering. If the teacher evaluates only the results of the students’ actions as such, ignoring the fact that the class participant has no knowledge, skills, thus – he is wrong. The students must be given the opportunity to make up lost ground, enrich their fund with the new experience, inspire confidence in success.

The subject distinctness of the professional thinking is that the subject of work (occupation, business) “dictates” the way it is understood, i.e., knowledge of the material becomes a form of thinking. When studying the impact of technology on the human consciousness, we should not only talk about the coincidence of the forms of objects with the forms of thinking, but definitely highlight the unity of professional actions and the logic of professional thinking.
Influence of Insulin Resistance and Obesity on the Autonomic Regulation of Rat Heart Rate under Conditions of Adequate and Limited Iodine Supply
Authors: Todoriv Tetiana
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases remain a major medical problems in most countries around the world, causing significant economic disbenefit. An important pathogenetic mechanism of the influence of insulin resistance and hypothyroidism on the cardiovascular system is the alteration in the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm.

Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) in rats with insulin resistance and obesity under the conditions of adequate and limited iodine supply.

Materials and Methods. Studies were performed on 90 nonlinear rats pandomized by random sampling. The response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was studied using a computer program to analyze HRV “Poly-Spectrum.NET” with the additional module “Poly-Spectrum.NET/Veterinary”.

Results. It was determined that the co-directed dynamics of geometric and statistical analysis of HRV and balance shift in the direction of the low-frequency component in spectrum analysis of the heart rate regarding control data were revealed in rats with isolated insulin resistance, obesity and combined endocrinopathy (insulin resistance and obesity under the conditions of limited iodine supply). 

Conclusion. The prevalence of sympathetic ANS activity under the conditions of insulin resistance and obesity can contribute to cardiac arrhythmias, the development of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and with a high probability to cause some cases of life-threatening arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular). Iodine deficiency contributes to the depletion of regulatory effects of ANS and limits the range of adaptive capabilities and resources of the organism.
Ontwikkeling van stotteren: Inleiding tot een praktijkmodel
Authors: Bast Bert , Oonk Leonoor C. , De Nil Luc , Eising Else , Koenraads Simone P.C. , Bouwen Jan , Franken Marie-Christine
Published: February 2022

Dit artikel is de inleiding op het direct hierna volgende (Oonk e.a. 2022) waar een nieuw praktijkmodel over het ontstaan en ontwikkeling van stotteren wordt voorgesteld.
In de dagelijkse praktijk van vooral Nederlandstalige logopedisten (-stottertherapeuten) is tot nu toe veel gebruik gemaakt van het klinische werkmodel van Bertens (1994; 2017). Dit model gaat uit van een primaire neuromusculaire timingsstoornis, welke zich niet alleen uit in het spreken, maar ook in algemene zin aanwezig is. Dit model echter, is aan revisie toe. Volgens de recente literatuur is de algemene aard van die timingstoornis niet bewezen, en zijn er veel vroegere (meer primaire) factoren aantoonbaar van belang bij het ontstaan van stotteren, met name in de genetica en in de neurologie. In dit artikel wordt deze literatuur kort samengevat, alsmede worden enkele recente modellen omschreven. Met name regulatie en terugkoppeling krijgen in recente modellen meer aandacht. Er is geen volledigheid nagestreefd, maar dit artikel is meer een tutoriale opmaat voor het hierna te presenteren model.
Clinical Features of Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Vagina During Late Pregnancy at a Primary Maternity Hospital
Authors: Oh Sumin , Park Joong Shin
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiologic and clinical features of maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in vagina during their third trimester.Methods: This study included 644 pregnant women who had undergone GBS culture test in their third trimester in 2018. We collected data from the primary level of care maternity hospital through the retrospective chart review. We compared patients’ demographics, maternal obstetrical complications and neonatal adverse events between GBS positive (n=41) and GBS negative (n=603) groups. To find out clinical predictors of GBS positive result, univariable chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: The colonization rate of GBS in maternal vagina was 6.4% in their third trimester. GBS positive group showed significant association with the third trimester anemia (hemoglobin level <10.5 g/dL) (p=0.013) and oligohydramnios (p=0.024; odds ratio, 7.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–41.31). All specimens were susceptible to penicillin G and cephalosporin. The antibiotic resistance to both erythromycin and clindamycin was 31%.Conclusion: The colonization rate of GBS in maternal vagina was 6.4% and third trimester maternal anemia was associated with the GBS carrying status.
Effectiveness of Vaccination: Hospital Admission and Length of Stay
Authors: Aldamen Tareq , Asad Majed , Yaqoub Mahmoud , Alhawaratt Mohammad , Aqel Ashraf , M Asad Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Background

COVID-19 vaccinations were first met with public hesitancy. There are some debates about the vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing hospital admissions or length of stay.

Objective

We aim to compare the effectiveness of different vaccine statuses and types with hospital admissions and length of stay.

Methods

Data related to hospital admissions, length of stay, the need for intensive care, and vaccination data were obtained from the Jordanian Ministry of Health.

Results

A total of 17,182 hospital admissions were recorded from February 2, 2021, the earliest date a vaccinated individual who has passed the 20-day mark on the first dose was admitted with relation to COVID-19, to August 15, 2021. The mean age admitted was 53 years. From all those who were admitted, the unvaccinated group was the majority in both overall admissions (93.7% with the length of stay of 6.9 days for older groups and 8.3 days for the younger) and intensive care unit admissions for both the older and younger age groups (91.23% and 93.3%, respectively), followed by those fully vaccinated (3.4% with the length of stay by vaccine type: Pfizer 4.9-6.1 with 115 admissions; AstraZeneca 10.8-5.1 with 26 admissions; Sinopharm 5.3-6.7 with 440 admissions; Sputnik 2-4 with 4 admissions) and those with only the first dose (2.5% with the length of stay by vaccine type: Pfizer 7.05-7.25 with 133 admissions; AstraZeneca 7.73-7.53 with 109 admissions; Sinopharm 6.5-7.9 with 253 admissions; Sputnik 4 with 1 admission). The time between the vaccination and admission was noticeably longer after the second dose of each vaccine compared to only the first dose with the exception of AstraZeneca (Pfizer 35.4-35.73 to 46.8-79.85; AstraZeneca 48.3-50.7 to 33.4-43.4; Sinopharm 22.65-24.86 to 54-62.9; Sputnik 28 to 99.5-101.5).

Conclusions

The study showed a lower admission and shorter stay at the hospital for those who are vaccinated, indicating the ability of vaccines to reduce the burden on the health care system.
The Clinical Characteristics of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Fu Chengcheng , Wang Xiaohong , Cao Xian , Xu Lingjie , Liu Wang , Pi Jingnan , Wang Bin , Chen Wenming
Published: February 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis.
Experimental Design: searches were made in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI. Articles (interventional and non-interventional) that reported Chinese patients with AL Amyloidosis were included in this study. The included characteristics were age, gender, λ type or κ type, body mass index (BMI), the time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, Mayo cardiac staging, primary or secondary, organ involvement etc.
Results: Sixty-seven articles reporting 5022 patients were included. The weighted average age of Chinese patients with AL amyloidosis was 57 years, and 61.2% of patients were males. 80.0%, 14.1% and 5.9% of patients were λ type, κ type and type unclear, respectively. The mean BMI was 22.82 ± 3.24 kg/m2. The time range from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was between 6 and 12 months. The proportion of patients at Mayo (2004) stage I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 24.6%, 34.3% and 41.1% (respectively). The proportion of patients at Mayo (2012) stage I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 33.6%, 24.7%, 25.2% and 16.6% (respectively). 31.3% of patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade III-IV. 20.1% of patients were AL amyloidosis with concurrent multiple myeloma. 79.3% of patients were categorized as having more than one organ involvement. The involvement of the kidney, heart, skin/soft tissue and digestive system accounted for 84.3%, 62.5%, 41.5%, and 34.4% of patients, respectively.
Conclusions: This scoping review suggests that most patients with AL amyloidosis were at an advanced stage when diagnosed in China. Epidemiological studies with a larger sample size are needed to comprehensively investigate the AL amyloidosis patients’ characteristics in the Chinese population.
Retention and Engagement of Rural Caregivers of Adolescents in a Short Message Service Intervention to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake: An Exploratory Process Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yuhas Maryam , Brock Donna-Jean , Ritterband Lee , Chow Philip , Porter Kathleen , Zoellner Jamie
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Rural caregivers and their adolescents consume excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) that increase their risk for health issues. Short message service (SMS) interventions show promise for changing health behaviors. Yet, engagement of rural populations in SMS interventions is understudied. This exploratory process evaluation study is part of a larger school-based trial targeting SSB intake in adolescents and their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose is to describe caregiver retention and engagement in a six-month SMS strategy and explore differences by caregiver characteristics.

METHODS

Caregivers completed a baseline survey. Messages were sent up to two times per week and contained SSB intake assessments, educational information and infographics, and personalized strategies. In addition to retention, engagement indicators included assessment completion, total assessment completion reminders, total chosen strategies, and opened infographics.

RESULTS

Caregivers (n=357) were mostly between 35-44 years of age (52%), female (91%), White (95%), had an income >$50,000/year, had at least some college education (68%), and had high health literacy (86%). Average baseline SSB intake was 23.9 (SD=26.8) oz/day. Of those enrolled, 316 (89%) were retained. Caregivers with a greater income and education were retained at a higher rate (P<.05), yet no other demographic characteristic were related to retention. Among those retained, average engagement included: 4.1 (SD=1.3) of 5 assessments completed and with few reminders needed [4.1 (SD=3.7) out of 14 possible], 3.2 (SD=1.1) of 4 strategies selected, and 1.2 (SD=1.6) of 5 infographics opened. Several engagement indicators statistically varied by demographic characteristics, including 1) age: younger caregivers were less likely to complete assessments and older caregivers were more likely to click on an infographic 2) education: caregivers with a high school education or lower completed fewer assessments, and 3) health literacy: caregivers with lower health literacy completed fewer assessments and chose fewer strategies (all P <.05). Related to SSB, caregivers with a greater intention to change behaviors needed less reminders (P =.04). Also, higher baseline SSB intake were associated with lower engagement across all indicators except clicks on infographics (P <.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, rural caregivers engaged with assessment messages at a relatively high rate, demonstrating the practicality of using SMS-based approaches in rural areas. Future research should develop targeted retention and engagement strategies for identified demographic subsets and examine how engagement influences changes in SSB intake.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clincialtrials.gov: NCT03740113
Зуболікарська освіта в Україні: історичні нариси
Authors: Shymilina V.V. , Khlebas S.V. , Slobodyanik M.V.
Published: February 2022

Наприкінці ХІХ століття в Україні засновано приватні зуболікарські школи в Києві, Одесі, Харкові та Катеринославі. У 1920 році з формуванням нової організаційної моделі надання стоматологічної допомоги на засадах соціальної медицини підвищується потреба у забезпеченні системи охорони здоров’я стоматологічними кадрами. Реформування зуболікарської освіти в Україні має свої відмінності: з формуванням вищої стоматологічної освіти на одонтофаках медичних інститутів зберігаються та суттєво реформуються зуболікарські школи, що готують зубних лікарів, спеціалістів із середньою професійною медичною освітою. У статті подано архівні матеріали щодо реформування зуболікарських шкіл і особливості підготовки зубних лікарів на початку ХХ століття.
Treatment and Characterization of Wastewater from Tissue Paper Making Industry Using Bamboo as Raw Material
Authors: Achadu Abah M. , Akpan Idara-Obong. E.
Published: February 2022

This article focused on the treatment and characterization of wastewater from tissue paper making industry located in AkwaIbom State which uses bamboo as raw material. The wastewater samples generated during the pulping and bleaching processes were collected, analyzed to determine the pollution loads and thereafter treated to ascertain its suitability for disposal into the environment using standard methods by American Public Health Association (APHA). The results obtained before treatment were pH (7.42 and 4.49), EC (316µS/cm and 47µS/cm), TDS (158mg/l and 24mg/l), Turbidity (19.3NTU and 28.7NTU), BOD5 (74.02mg/l and 62.00mg/l), COD (140.30mg/l and 120.40mg/l), TOC (10.3% and 7.1%), selected heavy metals like, Pb (0.281mg/l and 0.273mg/l), Ni (0.115mg/l and 0.117mg/l), and Co (0.193mg/l and 0.208mg/l). The corresponding values after treatment were pH (8.08 and 7.88), EC (4.00µS/cm and 4 µS/cm), TDS (2.00mg/l and 2mg/l), Turbidity (9.6NTU and 5.1NTU), BOD5 (4.06mg/l and 4.11mg/l), COD (14.20mg/l and 12.80mg/l), TOC (0.1% and 0.1%), with selected heavy metals like Pb (0.040mg/l and 0.041mg/l), Ni (0.003mg/l and 0.005mg/l) and Co (0.011mg/l and 0.015mg/l). The average extent of treatment was slightly above 70% for the pulping unit sample and about 80% for that from the bleaching unit. The study recommends wastewater treatment before disposal.
Republic of Kalmykia: Educational Migration of Rural Youth
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Badmaeva Nogan
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The problem of educational migration among Kalmykia’s rural youth is grave enough. The former tends to further evolve into labor one and directly results in rural population decrease. The oppressive outflow of school leavers leads to losses of intellectual and demographic resources within the region. Goals. The study aims at analyzing different aspects of educational migration among rural youth and revealing specific features observed therein. Materials and Methods. The article summarizes indepth interviews with young rural residents to have left for Elista and other federal subjects to get education and skills. It also introduces opinions of experts employed by rural municipal agencies for education and youth. Results. The study confirms the educational migration of rural school leavers is determined by their intention to minimize future life risks and is directly related to the transition to another educational stage. The in-depth interviews and expert polls do show that the youth migration is structured by age clusters tied to certain stages or levels of education proper. One specific feature revealed in the Republic of Kalmykia is that in fact the whole process begins earlier — before they leave school at all. And in most cases the migration is irreversible and later transforms into labor one.
Tuvan Ethnicity as an Object of Research
Authors:   Tuvan State University, Dongak Venera , Mongush Dolaana ,   Tuvan State University
Published: February 2022

Introduction. This article attempts to review and analyze domestic and foreign scientific works on the history of the study of Tuvan ethnicity covering such aspects as language, religion, traditional spiritual culture, material culture of the people, national character, history of Tuvan ethnicity, ethnic identity of Tuvans and other factors characterizing the Tuvan people as a unique ethnic group among the peoples of Central Asia. Goals. The article examines scientific works of domestic and foreign authors including scientists – members of the Tuvan culture. Materials and Methods. The review and comparative analysis of various theoretical and methodological approaches of foreign and domestic researchers to the study of the concept of ethnicity clarifies the diversity of interpretations and understandings of this phenomenon. Results. The basic concepts and representations of the national character of the Tuvan people, peculiarities of Tuvan mentality in many scientific works of leading scientists with expertise in this field of knowledge have been studied. It was revealed that the national character of Tuvans is specific, various characteristics of the ethnos are traced, sometimes quite contradictory: from hospitality and creativity to envy and laziness. In addition, the historical formation and development of the Tuvan language, and its current position were considered. Obviously, the article also provides a brief overview of scientific works dealing with the spiritual and material culture of Tuvans. The ethnic identity of Tuvans is revealed in all its aspects in the fundamental scientific works of modern researchers, on the basis of which this scientific review was made.
Natural Objects in the Ethnocultural Landscape: Historical Legends of the Gurvan Tulga Area in Bayangol
Authors:   Nankai University, School of Literature, Sarina Sarina
Published: February 2022

The article deals with toponymic stories and legends of the Oirat people inhabiting the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. The work is based on the author’s field materials and some literary sources. Toponymic legends and tales belong to the genre of oral non-fictional prose. Those are stories about geographical objects and natural monuments of a particular area. The main feature of toponymic tales and legends is that they reliably explain the nature, origin or names of natural objects. They are often associated with the names of historical characters and deeds attributed to them. Their main purpose is to preserve the memory of important events and figures in history. The dominant function of legends and fables is recognized as a cognitive one. Reference to the toponymic stories and legends of the Oirat people of Xinjiang makes it possible to peer into the distant past and better study the peculiarities of life and household activities of the Oirat people. The former reflect many aspects of spiritual and material life of the people. This article for the first time examines and analyzes the local originality of subjects, and motifs of toponymic tales and legends of the Bayangol Oirat, associated with the name of the Oirat warrior and commander Galdama. New field materials which are the witnesses of the historical memory of the people are introduced into scientific discourse.
Ethnic Kalmyks That Lived in Mongolia during the Revolution of 1921: Names and Numbers Specified
Authors:   Tod Nomyn Gerel Center for the Study of Oirat Language, History and Culture, Norovsambuu Naranjargal
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The contacts between Mongolia and Kalmykia were intensive enough in the 1920s. In 1921, a group of Kalmyks arrived in Mongolia to further participate in the revolutionary events. So far there have been no essential doubts as for numbers of ethnic Kalmyks to have been involved into the revolutionary movement. There is available data on 130 Kalmyks the bulk of whom were serving in the Mongolian People’s Army and also functioned as translators. Goals. The article aims at analyzing newly discovered archival materials to specify data on the participation of Kalmyks in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Results. The paper introduces new data on Kalmyks that arrived in Mongolia in 1921, clarifies their numbers, and concludes the Mongolian events of the early 1920s were attended by a total of 136 ethnic Kalmyks.
About I. I. Popov’s manuscript No. 13805 from the State Archive of the Rostov region
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Ubushieva Danara
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The Inédites of Kalmyk Folklore from I. I. Popov’s Archive project aims at introducing into scientific circulation some 19th-century folklore materials recorded by Ivan I. Popov, collector of oral folklore of the Don Kalmyks. Goals. The article attempts an archaeographic description of the handwritten book Folktales of the Don Kalmyks (Russian translations) by I. Popov. Materials and Methods. The study analyzes the collector’s handwritten book containing forty two fairy tales and stored at the State Archive of Rostov Oblast. The main methods employed are those of archaeographic and textual description. Results. The archaeographic insight into the handwritten book reveals that its compilation meets some basic principles for such handwritten books — notes and drawings were made by hand. In his books, I. Popov tended to use and combine traditions of ancient Russian and Mongolian manuscript books. So, in accordance with the Mongolian book tradition, the folklorist uses frames and the birga sign in the design. Following the patterns of ancient Russian books, I. Popov duly designs titles of parts of the book, beginnings and endings of each fairytale distinguished with headpieces and closing elements, capital letters painted and enlarged. The afterword to the book was also written in accordance with the rules. Moreover, this handwritten book has postscripts containing valuable data on the collector’s biography.
Revisiting a Sanskrit Translation of One Tibetan Text
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Mitruev Bembya
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Sanskrit was always perceived by followers of Tibetan Buddhism as the language of sutras and shastras, language of knowledge and culture. This resulted in that Sanskrit used to be extensively studied and taught. Tibetan clerical scholars could not only read Sanskrit but would make repeated attempts of composing original texts in this language. The to be examined Hundred Deities of Tushita guru yoga, a liturgical address to Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), is a rare phenomenon in Tibetan Buddhist literature — Tibetan-to-Sanskrit translation. This anonymous text was created approximately in 18th–19th centuries to further be transmitted in a number of xylographic editions across Mongolia and Buryatia up to the early 20th century. Goals. The article seeks to show the Tibetan-to-Sanskrit translation pattern and introduce it into scientific discourse along with due analysis. Materials. The study explores one xylographic Tibetan-to-Sanskrit edition of Hundred Deities of Tushita from Buryatia submitted by A. Kocharov. Results. The work concludes the Tibetan-to-Sanskrit guru yoga text contains multiple grammatical mistakes and inaccuracies when viewed from the perspective of standard Sanskrit. In some sentences the anonymous author does follow rules of Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit, while in others observes no established Sanskrit declension and conjugation norms.
Comprehensive Research Expedition. Materials of Kalmykia Detachment from Archives of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (RAS): Reports, Photographs, 1959–1963
Authors:   Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the RAS, Zhukovskaya Natalia
Published: February 2022

Goals. The article introduces some new data on the history of 1959–1963 ethnographic research among rural Kalmyk population of the restored Kalmyk ASSR. The research was conducted by Kalmykia detachment of the Comprehensive Research Expedition at the Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnography (USSR Academy of Sciences; currently – Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the RAS). Results. The paper is the first to review efforts of academic ethnographers to have explored culture and household life of Kalmyks that had just returned to the restored autonomy of theirs after the unlawful Siberian deportation of 1943–1957. The work publishes preliminary reports and unique photographs from archives of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (RAS).
Craniological Materials at Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS): A Primary Analysis
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Bembeeva Lyubov
Published: February 2022

Goals. The article attempts a general review of craniological materials contained in the Anthropological and Archaeozoological Collection of Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS). Results. The paper describes procedures employed for scientific registry of materials, outlines a structure of the original table titled ‘Craniological Materials’. The counting system defines the term ‘anthropological item’. There are additional insights into proportions of registered skulls and bones, postcranial remains, complete and fragmented skulls of adults and children. Special attention is paid to degrees of preservation of bone tissue and its applicability for genetic investigations. Further interest to anthropological, genetic and other studies may be excited by a number of cranial specificities, such as artificial deformations, pathologies, and varying discrete features to be identified across the available collection. A description of each item (skull) contains archaeologically determined data as to the mound group and archaeological culture the burial belongs to. The conducted work is to precede the creation of a database of anthropological materials for the latter’s inclusion in state registers.
The Song of His Majesty Bogdo Jangar’s Campaign: A Latin Transliteration of One Authentic Text from the Baga Tsokhor Cycle
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Ubushieva Danara
Published: February 2022

Goals. The article introduces an Oirat-to-Latin transliteration of one authentic text of The Song of His Majesty Bogdo Jangar’s Campaign integral to the Baga Tsokhor cycle of the Jangar currently known under the title The Song of How Ulan Khongor the Mighty and Savar the Heavy-Handed Defeated Seven Irrepressible Boars [Warriors] of Khan Zambal the Furious. Materials and methods. The study explores an original Clear Script manuscript stored at the Scientific Archive of the Russian Geographical Society. The main research method is that of transliteration. Results. Scientific description of written monuments contained in manuscript collections and archives of Mongolist centers is undoubtedly of great importance. Latin transliteration of Kalmyk folklore samples and their introduction into scientific circulation shall make them available to a wider circle of specialists.
To Mighty Lord Genghis Khan, the Son of Yesükhei, I Pray Nine Times: An Üres Sara Text Recorded by Ivan I. Popov
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Mirzaeva Saglara
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Üres Sara, a holiday marking the beginning of summer, is one of traditional celebrations still observed among some Mongolic peoples, including Kalmyks. The celebration includes a whole range of ritual actions accompanied by recitation of special prayers. Goals. The paper introduces one such texts from the Don Kalmyk tradition that was recorded at the turn of the 20th century by Kalmyk folklore collector Ivan I. Popov to be further included into the 2nd volume of his handwritten collection of Kalmyk folklore and literature samples nowadays stored at the State Archive of Rostov Oblast. Results. The text entitled by Popov as ‘Ürsin Bičig’ (Kalm. ‘Text on Üres Sara’), according to his own description, was recited by the eldest family member at dawn. The incantation accompanied the process of kumiss libation (sprinkling), a ritual aiming at bestowing blessings to children and young cattle. In addition, Popov includes in the manuscript another text of aspiration prayer — Γadasuni Irügel (‘An Aspiration Prayer on the Stake [for Cattle]’). Probably, this prayer also belonged to the group of ritual texts accompanying the Üres Sara celebration and had some important functions in the ritual. Ürsin Bičig recorded by Ivan I. Popov is a unique sample of the ritual text accompanying the Üres Sara celebration. Due to historical circumstances, this type of literature has been almost lost by Kalmyks nowadays. This, in turn, determines the main aim of the article as to introduce the text of Ürsin Bičig recorded by Popov.
El turismo idiomático en la oferta educativa del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros de la UNAM
Authors: Samperio Sánchez Luis Miguel
Published: February 2022

En este documento se ubica al turismo idiomático como parte de las industrias culturales y de las industrias de la lengua y, se describe la contribución del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros (CEPE) de la UNAM, a esta industrias y al turismo idiomático en México, a través de la actividad académica que realiza el CEPE desde hace casi 100 años. Para ello se presentan las características de su oferta educativa, organizada con la intención de brindar a los estudiantes que aprenden español como lengua extranjera en la UNAM, una experiencia que les permita acceder al conocimiento de las expresiones de la cultura mexicana que a su vez refuerzan su dominio del español, además de los servicios que se les ofrecen a los estudiantes para facilitarles su estadía en la Ciudad de México y el resto del país.
Decires
Authors: Escobar José Carlos
Published: February 2022

Son muchos los años, 22 para ser exactos, en los que Decires, la revista académica del CEPE, ha estado vigente gracias al entusiasmo de quienes la han visto como el espacio ideal y propio para publicar sus ideas, estudios, investigaciones y descubrimientos. Además, ha sido una revista que ha ayudado a cohesionar la teoría con la práctica en lo que se ha denominado “enseñanza del español a extranjeros”. En el área de español, ha sido un baluarte en la formación continua de sus profesores y profesoras, y se ha constituido en una fuente de referencia y en un instrumento de socialización del conocimiento entre el claustro de profesores sobre los temas más diversos. Surgida en respuesta a la labor universitaria de la difusión del conocimiento, tuvo como antecedentes las revistas Mascarones (de 1982 a 1988) y El Boletín (de 1989 a 1992), lo cual significa que es ahora una tradición académica, con un acervo de artículos que muestra las capacidades e intereses del CEPE.

En esta contribución se presenta una relatoría comentada de lo publicado en Decires, que se inició en 1998 y transitó a lo digital en 2005 para facilitar el acceso a esta revista académica en beneficio de un público amplio, además de contribuir así al ahorro de papel y de espacio. Se reseñan las contribuciones hechas en 22 años y se deja constancia de lo publicado, lo cual sin duda es de interés no solo para los profesores del CEPE, sino para el público interesado.
La Historia en Decires: transformaciones y nuevas rutas
Authors: Vivaldo Juan Pablo
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo examina el recorrido de la sección de Historia en Decires, revista del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros, desde su surgimiento hasta nuestros días. El principal interés consiste en mostrar las transformaciones que tuvo en sus primeros años, así como plantear posibles rutas a seguir en la nueva etapa que iniciará en la próxima entrega.

Para comenzar, se elaboró una base de datos en Excel con la información de todos los artículos del área de Historia que han sido publicados en la revista hasta la fecha. Se presentan algunas gráficas que muestran con claridad la naturaleza de los artículos publicados, así como los periodos históricos que han recibido mayor atención por parte de los colaboradores de Decires. Se incluye también una tabla con las referencias hemerográficas de los artículos que aparecieron en la sección de Historia durante la primera etapa de la publicación.
Teaching Russian With Innovative Approach
Authors: Nishanov Shavkat Turabovich
Published: February 2022

Annotation: In the field of modern education, the Russian language teaching system is also developing as a result of the progressive achievements of the 21st century. This article outlines the essential features and substantiated results of using distance learning and its means in the system of teaching the Russian language in the field of education in Uzbekistan. The advantages of forming the process of continuous education on a theoretical and practical basis are also presented. Keywords: Russian language, education, teaching, language, orientation, innovations, skills, approach, pedagogy.
Transitional Characteristics of Lung TB in Children with Helmintosis
Authors: Nargiza Mamatova
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Children and adolescents are most susceptible to the development of tuberculosis, especially when they have concomitant diseases, which lead to a decrease in both humoral and cellular immunity. One of these co-morbidities is helminthiasis. It has been proven that the body’s immune response to worm infestation is reduced, which in turn contributes to the addition of various infections, including tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to study the specifics of the clinical course of primary tuberculosis in children with helminthiasis treated at the Samarkand Regional Center for Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, the patient's medical history and archival history. The most common types of helminthiasis are hymenolepidosis - 40%, enterobiosis - 33%, less - giardiasis (22%) and ascariasis (5%). Signs of intoxication and damage to the bronchopulmonary system are detected when worm infestation is observed in patients with primary tuberculosis. The presence of a worm infestation adversely affects the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, so treatment measures should be appropriate for the course of both diseases. Keywords: primary tuberculosis, helminthiasis, children, patient, chemotherapy.
Relationship between empirical laws of turbulent combustion of dust/air mixtures
Authors: Poletaev N. L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. An array of known experimental data, mainly obtained in a standard 1 m3 chamber, is considered in the article. It allowed to identify the nature of three dependences of the turbulent combustion of dust, including the dependences of limited oxygen concentration (LOC) and explosive index Kst on the energy of ignition source Eig (on a logarithmic scale) and the dependence of Kst on the initial oxygen content in the air Cox.Empirical dependencies. The analysis showed that all considered dependences, having a relative accuracy of about 20 % can be represented as linear functions of an argument varying within the following limits: Eig varies from minimum ignition energy Emin to 10 kJ; Cox ranges from LOC to 21 % vol. According to the nature of dependence of Kst on Eig, all dusts are divided into two types. For the first type of dust, Kst does not depend on Eig. For the dust of the second type, Kst ∝ (Eig – Emin).Relationship of empirical dependencies. It is shown that the considered empirical dependences should be interrelated for the dust of the second kind. Namely, slopes Cn (n = 1, 2 or 3 as the number of the dependence) of linear functions, approximating the empirical dependences for a particular dust sample, satisfy the relationship: С2(21 vol. %) = –С1∙С3(10 kJ). Due to the absence of a dust sample, for which data on all three dependences are available, the obtained relationship was confirmed for the average values of parameters: <С2(21 vol. %)> = =–<С1>∙<С3(10 kJ)>.Discussion of the result. The satisfactory accuracy of the relationship between C1, C2 и C3 gives rise to the confidence in the objectivity and relationship of the considered empirical dependences of the turbulent combustion of dust.

Conclusions. It is shown that the considered empirical dependences of the turbulent combustion of dust in a 1 m3 chamber are interrelated and the form of this relationship is identified.
On fire safety in rural areas of Russia
Authors: Bruslinskiy N. N. , Sokolov S. V. , Grigorieva M. P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article addresses the fire situation in rural areas of the Russian Federation and estimate the number of fire brigades that assure fire safety there. The purpose of the study is to analyze integral fire risks and a composite indicator of the fire hazard in Russia’s rural areas and federal districts. The scope of research is the probability of fire occurrence in the territory of the Russian Federation. The focus of research encompasses values of integral fire risks in rural settlements and a composite rural fire hazard indicator, calculated using these values.Methodology. The theory of integral fire risks serves as the methodological framework for the study.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the values of principal integral fire risks in rural areas of Russia are 2–3 times higher than those in urban areas. Similar results are obtained in other countries, in particular, in the United States. Values of the same fire risk are provided for urban and rural areas of the United States.Conclusions. The results obtained in the study can be used to solve problems of fire safety management in rural areas. The objective level of the fire hazard in rural areas of Russian federal districts was identified. It is advisable to conduct a similar study of the fire situation in rural areas of subjects of the Russian Federation.
O olhar estereoscópico para a ontogênese: desafiando o professor
Authors: Gorlova Elena
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo examinar como é possível ao professor – ou ao adulto-educador – estruturar um sistema de meios culturais conjugado com a idade psicológica da criança que possa operar sobre a zona de desenvolvimento iminente da criança. Para tanto, analisa-se o potencial metodológico da abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski para o diagnóstico e a promoção do desenvolvimento psíquico de crianças no início da vida escolar. Argumenta-se que, para o diagnóstico do desenvolvimento e a definição de estratégia do trabalho corretivo, é importante manter um olhar estereoscópico em que os eixos das coordenadas da visão ampla da criança sejam: o conteúdo da relação de convivência com os adultos e coetâneos, as especificidades da neoformação psicológica da idade como o conteúdo da vontade e do desenvolvimento cultural e, finalmente, a função psíquica central e a atividade-guia. São descritos dois exemplos que permitem indicar os aspectos corretivos centrais do adulto-educador e delinear prognósticos.
Transferência entre a crença e a certeza: contribuições ao diagnóstico
Authors: Brito Bruna Pinto Martins
Published: February 2022

Freud insistia no papel do analista como aquele capaz de “pôr em movimento” um trabalho que aposta no inconsciente. Muito se discute sobre este papel da transferência, mas pretendemos abordá-la como uma ferramenta útil ao diagnostico diferencial, a partir do binômio crença/certeza. Sob a compreensão de que o diagnóstico em psicanálise se refere a mecanismos próprios a cada estrutura, nossa proposta é demonstrar este valor de ferramenta na clínica da neurose e da psicose, a partir do binômio crença/certeza. Logo, este artigo se propõe a realizar uma investigação que visa esclarecer as posições de crença e certeza, desveladas sob transferência, como aportes ao diagnostico diferencial. Desse modo, iremos percorrer as obras de Freud e de Lacan, auxiliados por seus comentadores e por autores contemporâneos que se dedicam ao tema. Nossa investigação permite-nos considerar que a relação do sujeito com o saber pode nos servir como importante índice clínico para a realização do diagnóstico diferencial. Em uma época marcada pela “descrença no saber inconsciente”, cabe ao analista investigá-la em busca da distinção entre uma vacilação da crença, própria à neurose, e uma impossibilidade de crença, própria à psicose.
A Cartografia como estratégia metodológica à produção de dispositivos de intervenção na Psicologia Social
Authors: Cavagnoli Murilo , Maheirie Katia
Published: February 2022

O artigo propõe desdobrar questões acerca da pesquisa-intervenção cartográfica visando contribuir para a construção de dispositivos de intervenção no trabalho da psicologia social. Considerando os desafios contemporâneos à psicologia, apresenta a cartografia como metodologia que engendra processos dialógicos, envolvendo pesquisadores e pesquisados na negociação de sentidos e ações que apreendam a complexidade do cotidiano. Desenvolve a possibilidade de que a cartografia contribua para a criação de dispositivos de intervenção singulares, potencializando uma ética dos encontros. Deste modo, afirmamos que os dispositivos cartográficos oferecem vias consistentes à elaboração de experiências relacionais que sustentam, caso a caso, um plano compartilhado de afecções, com o objetivo de dar vazão a movimentos de subjetivação criadores, problematizadores e transformadores da realidade, ao investir na potência do coletivo. As sínteses aqui produzidas reafirmam a indelével relação entre pesquisar e intervir, explorando conexões entre o método cartográfico, seus dispositivos e o compromisso social da psicologia, em uma perspectiva crítica.
Entrevistas preliminares: o caso da “jovem homossexual” de Sigmund Freud
Authors: Nogueira Anamaria Batista
Published: February 2022

Ao pesquisarmos sobre o tema das entrevistas preliminares, somos automaticamente levados a pensar na posição do analista e no seu manejo clínico. Alguns pacientes demandam o próprio tratamento, outros nos procuram pelo intermédio de terceiros. É preciso pensar na posição do analista diante da demanda daquele que o procura, ou mesmo se é possível ao analista fazer surgir a demanda em um paciente que foi induzido a seu encontro. A esse respeito, Freud nos apresenta um trabalho clínico publicado sob o título “A psicogênese de um caso de homossexualismo numa mulher”. A psicanálise freudiana se apresenta muito à frente de seu tempo ao romper com um discurso heteronormativo diante da temática sobre a escolha por um objeto amoroso, o que nem sempre é benquisto, inclusive nos tempos atuais. O autor foi de extrema generosidade ao expor um caso clínico em que a sua posição, como analista, pode ser contestável.