bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effective Factors on Shelf Currents in the Southern Caspian Sea
Authors: ShieaAli Maryam
Published: May 2019

The current and wind records and the physical parameter structures such as temperature and salinity in the southwestern part of the Caspian Sea adjacent to Anzali Port were investigated from November 2004 up to the end of January 2005. Results show that, despite the existence of relatively weak winds along the coast in the area, the measurements indicate strong long shore currents. However, when heavy wind tension is observed in the area, then strong currents are also present, which - from the perspective of direction – also have good coordination with the wind. The direction of dominated currents was parallel to the coast from the west to the east. In most cases, the flow rate was identical from the surface to the seabed, and in this condition - because the values of the measured temperature points were almost identical-barotropic currents were present. However, in the autumn at some region, a significant difference was observed between the surface currents and subsurface currents due to temperature differences that affected the density and caused the creation of barclinic currents. Due to the high velocity of currents compared to wind velocity, and the intense slope of the coast and low-frequency movements in the area, we can hypothesize the existence of motions such as Kelvin waves and conclude that the effect of the wind compared to the other factors of the coastal current in the area was weaker.
Pemeriksaan Ookista Toxoplasma gondii pada Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) dan Kubis (Brassica oleracea, L.) di Pedagang Ayam dan Ikan Goreng/Panggang
Authors: Sulistyawati Dewi , Tantya Defa Perwira
Published: May 2019

Masyarakat Surakarta banyak yang gemar kuliner. Jenis kuliner yang menjamur salah satunya adalah menu ayam dan ikan goreng/panggang dilengkapi lalapan. Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi lalapan yang kurang bersih merupakan salah satu resiko terinfeksi ookista Toxoplasma gondii. Salah satu jenis lalapan yang disajikan adalah kemangi dan kubis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa adanya kontaminasi ookista Toxoplasma gondii pada kemangi dan kubis di penjual ayam & ikan goreng/panggang di Kecamatan Banjarsari, Kota Surakarta, Provinsi Jawa Tengah.

Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dari 20 pedagang ayam dan ikan goreng/panggang di Kecamatan Banjarsari, Surakarta. Pemeriksaan ookista dilakukan dengan metode sedimentasi. Metode ini dipilih karena relatif mudah dan praktis. Dari hasil pemeriksaan diperoleh data bahwa dari 20 (dua puluh) sampel lalapan kemangi terdapat 1 sampel (5%) yang terkontaminasi ookista Toxoplasma gondii, sedangkan dari 20 sampel lalapan kubis tidak ada yang terkontaminasi ookista Toxoplasma gondii.

Kata kunci : Toxoplasma gondii, kemangi, kubis
Komparativni pristup određivanju pojma, koncepta i fenomena personalizma
Authors: Čulo Ivan , Šestak Ivan
Published: May 2019

U radu se prikazuju i analiziraju određenja personalizma u filozofskoj literaturi, osobito enciklopedistici i filozofskim rječnicima različitih jezičnih tradicija, filozofskih škola i razdoblja 20. stoljeća te iznosi pokušaj određenja tog filozofskog pravca kroz komparativnu perspektivu. Personalizam se u filozofskim, sociološkim, povijesnim i drugim tekstovima određuje kao filozofija, filozofski pravac, disciplina, škola, nauk, pokret, teorija, učenje i slično. Pri tome, govor o personalizmu ima različite konotacije, naglaske i obojanost, ovisno i o povijesnom, geografskom, ili ideološkom kontekstu. Iako se kroz povijest filozofije mogu pratiti korijeni personalizma do antičkog doba, ipak se pojam personalizam vremenski uobičajeno veže uz 20. st. Razvidno je da u povijesnoj i zemljopisnoj difuziji ideja u modernoj misli postoji više oblika personalizama. Spominju se američki idealistički personalizam, ruski personalizam, različiti europski personalizmi, komunitarni kršćanski personalizmi i sl. Svaki od tih oblika ima svoje razumijevanje o osobi i stavlja je u središte filozofskog razmatranja. Korijeni personalističke filozofije po nekima sežu do antike, iako je uobičajen stav da je koncept osobe razvijen u susretu grčke filozofije i novog, kršćanskog načina razmišljanja. Na europskom kontinentu personalizam se obično veže uz tri škole: francusku u Parizu, njemačku u Göttingenu i Freiburgu te poljsku u Lublinu. Personalizam je imao odjek i u drugim europskim državama. U Francuskoj personalizam nije bio samo filozofski pravac, već je imao brojne sljedbenike i u različitim personalističkim pokretima te se taj personalizam detaljnije obrađuje u drugom dijelu članku.
Karizmatska obilježja Franje Tuđmana – analiza dnevničkih zapisa (1982.-1984.)
Authors: Žižić Jakov
Published: May 2019

U ovom radu istražuje se postojanje karizmatskih obilježja kod Franje Tuđmana u razdoblju prije njegova dolaska na dužnosti predsjednika Hrvatske demokratske zajednice (HDZ) i predsjednika Republike Hrvatske. Autor analizira Tuđmanove dnevničke zapise nastale tijekom njegova boravka u zatvoru od 1982. do 1984. ispitujući je li Tuđman u spomenutom razdoblju iskazivao konstitutivna obilježja karizme – uvjerenje o posjedovanju posebnog dara te življenje za svoju stvar i slijeđenja svog djela. Analizom dnevničkih zapisa također se nastoji ustanoviti je li Tuđman iskazivao i konstitutivna obilježja »čiste karizme« – vjerovanje u vlastitu misiju i usmjerenost vlastite misije na određenu skupinu ljudi. Provedena analiza pokazuje da je u razmatranom razdoblju Tuđman iskazivao karizmatska obilježja koja će biti važna pretpostavka razvoja njegova karizmatskog vodstva početkom 1990-ih.
رِسَالَةٌ الْفِطْرِيَّة لفِطْرِيَّة حَنِيْفَةُ الزَّهْرَاءِ
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: May 2019

فِطْرِيَّة حَنِيْفَةُ الزَّهْرَاءِ
"How does Austria sleep?" Self-reported sleep habits and complaints in an online survey
Authors: Blume Christine , Hauser Theresa , Gruber Walter Roland , Heib Dominik PJ , Winkler Thomas , Schabus Manuel
Published: May 2019

During the past years, the prevalence of sleep problems has been increasing steadily in industrial societies and represents a major social and socioeconomic burden. The situation in Austria has last been evaluated in 2007 by Zeitlhofer and colleagues in a representative sample of 1000 participants. We here sought to evaluate the sleep behaviour of the Austrian population in an (ongoing) online survey, where we have collected data from 986 participants (66.3% women, mean age 40.9 ±16.4 years) between March 2018 and May 2019. We find that sleep duration was appropriate in 52.4% of the respondents (i.e., 7-9 hours). However, we found an alarmingly high number of self-reported sleep problems (45.8%) and only 31.3% of the participants classified themselves as “good sleepers” on an established self-report questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Many participants moreover reported suffering from sleep problems for a very long time (86.1% >6 months; 37.2% >5 years) suggesting that currently available treatment options are either ineffective or not used by patients. Possible reasons for sleep problems could include irregular sleep-wake cycles, general subjective burden, and the use of electronic devices just before sleep.
Two new explicit formulas for the Bernoulli Numbers
Authors: Jha Sumit Kumar
Published: May 2019

We give two explicit formulas for the Bernoulli numbers, one in terms of the Stirling numbers of the second kind, and the other in terms of the Eulerian numbers. To the best of our knowledge, these formulas are new. We also derive two additional formulas that are likely already known.
Adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions by nano kaolinite: Thermodynamics and kinetics studies
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

An easy route for preparation emulsion of kaolinite (Al2Si2O5.4H2O) from Sweileh sand deposits, west Amman, Jordan by hydrochloric acid under continuous stirring for 4 h at room temperature was performed and nano kaolinite powder was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions. Nano kaolinite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM techniques. Effect of pH, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature on adsorption process was examined. The negative values of ΔGo and the positive value of ΔHo revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to metal ions adsorption data and the adsorption capacity. The kinetic data provided the best correlation of the adsorption with pseudo-second order kinetic model. In view of promising efficiency, the nano kaolinite can be employed for heavy metal ions adsorption.
Characterization of seawater reverse osmosis fouled membranes from large scale commercial desalination plant
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

The objective of this work is to study the ageing state of a used reverse osmosis (RO) membrane taken in Algeria from the Benisaf Water Company seawater desalination unit. The study consists of an autopsy procedure used to perform a chain of analyses on a membrane sheet. Wear of the membrane is characterized by a degradation of its performance due to a significant increase in hydraulic permeability (25%) and pressure drop as well as a decrease in salt retention (10% to 30%). In most cases the effects of ageing are little or poorly known at the local level and global measurements such as (flux, transmembrane pressure, permeate flow, retention rate, etc.) do not allow characterization. Therefore, a used RO (reverse osmosis) membrane was selected at the site to perform the membrane autopsy tests. These tests make it possible to analyze and identify the cause as well as to understand the links between performance degradation observed at the macroscopic scale and at the scale at which ageing takes place. External and internal visual observations allow seeing the state of degradation. Microscopic analysis of the used membranes surface shows the importance of fouling. In addition, quantification and identification analyses determine a high fouling rate in the used membrane whose foulants is of inorganic and organic nature. Moreover, the analyses proved the presence of a biofilm composed of protein.
Micelle-mediated extraction of cobalt and its spectrophotometric determination in rocks, soils, sediments and sea-bed polymetallic nodules
Authors: Int Chem
Published: May 2019

The surfactant sensitized bottle-green complex (1:2:1) formed of cobalt-thiocyanate-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is suitably extracted into an organic solvent, ethylacetate, at a pH range, 6-8 and the absorption measurements were carried out at 630 nm (ƛmax). The Beer’s law is obeyed in the range from 0.05 to 10 μg per mL. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the present system were found to be 2.2 x 103 L.mol-1cm-1 and 0.026 μg cm-2, respectively. No other element forms complex of similar colour with thiocyanate at this pH range. The method was applied to a number of samples like rock, soil, sediment, polymetallic nodules etc., as well as Certified Reference Materials and the values were found highly satisfactory. The interference of Fe3+ which formed a reddish complex at acidic pH (<7) was eliminated when the complex was extracted at pH 8.0. The method is highly useful for the determination of cobalt in geological samples having its concentration from μg/mL to percentage level. As the method has been made highly selective for spectrophotometric determination of cobalt, it might be applied to almost all types of geological sample of diverse matrices.
المشترك الدلالي في اللغة العربية دراسة لسانية تحليلية
Authors: lahbacha saber
Published: May 2019

هذا تقديم لأطروحتي عن المشترك الدلالي في اللغة العربية: دراسة لسانية تحليلية، وقد ناقشتها في كلية الآداب والفنون والإنسانيات بجامعة منوبة عام 2012.
المعنى بين الوحدة والتّعدّد: مقاربة دلاليّة
Authors: lahbacha saber
Published: May 2019

لم تنقطع محاولات إيجاد منوال لمقاربة الاشتراك الدّلاليّ (تعدّد المعاني) في معظم الكلمات عن البروز ضمن منظورات دلاليّة ومعجميّة وعرفانيّة وتداوليّة متعدّدة. وبحسب مقتضيات كلّ فرع لسانيّ، يجري تنشيط الأبعاد المختلفة للظّاهرة ويتمّ التّركيز على مناحٍ دون أخرى. فإذا كانت المعالجة المعجميّة تضع أولويّة اهتمامها في توضيح التّمييز بين الاشتراك الدّلاليّ (مدخل واحد) والاشتراك اللّفظيّ (مداخل متعدّدة)، فإنّ المقاربة التّداوليّة تؤصّل مشاركة العوامل السّياقيّة غير اللّغويّة في تأسيس الاشتراك الدّلاليّ. أمّا المقاربة العرفانيّة فترى أنّ المفاهيم المعجميّة هي مجموعات من الفروق الدّلاليّة المتراكبة التي تقوم على الاشتراك الدّلاليّ ولا ترى أنّ التّمييز بين المعاني ممكن بل إنّ الحدود بين المفاهيم المعجميّة ضبابيّة.الكلمات المفاتيح: علم الدّلالة – الاشتراك الدّلاليّ – اللّسانيّات العرفانيّة – المعجميّة – الاشتراك اللّفظيّ. Meaning between unity and plurality: semantic approachSaber Lahbacha By:Arabic Department, College of Education, Zayed University, UAE Abstract:Not a few essays aiming at finding a model to study polysemy in most words have emerged in several semantic, lexical, cognitive and pragmatic perspectives. Diverse dimensions of this phenomenon are activated according to the requirements of each discipline. While lexical treatment gives priority to the distinction between polysemy (one entry) and homonymy (many entries), the pragmatic approach includes the contextual non-linguistic operators in building polysemy. The cognitive approach considers that lexical concepts are sets of subtle semantic nuances built on polysemy. It also considers that there can be no obvious distinction between (the) different (shades of) meanings and that the boundaries between them are not clearly demarcated.Key words: semantics – polysemy – cognitive linguistics – lexicology – homonymy.
Supervisi
Authors: beuty Sarah
Published: May 2019

Kualitas dari pembelajaran tergantung pada kualitas kinerja guru. Kinerja guru mempengaruhi prosess belajar memgajar. Dalam prosesnya kepala sekolah dapat melakukan supervisi terhadap guru untuk memabantu guru mengatasi kesulitan yang dihadapinya. Tugas dari seorang supervisor adalah mendorong, membantu, dan memberikan keyakinan kepada guru. Supervisi dilakukan melalui bayak tahap penyelesaian masalah belajar mengajar dan tujuannya adalah supaya dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran.
Konsep Dasar dan Proses Administrasi Pendidikan
Authors: mutiahanifah
Published: May 2019

Administration can be interpreted as an activity or series of activities in the form of a business management process in collaboration with a group of people who are members of an organization, to achieve a common goal previously set in order to be effective and efficient. Educational administration aims for administrative staff, management and to develop the knowledge that has been learned and practiced in school. the word "administration" can be interpreted as an activity or business to help, serve, direct, or regulate all activities in achieving a goal.
Cathryn Li Yuan Ling: déesse séduit Internet avec sa multi-maîtrise
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: May 2019

Les êtres humains sont pleins de potentiel latent car avec la discipline et la persévérance, nous pouvons apprendre tout ce que nous mettons à l’esprit. Cathryn Li Yuan Ling est une de ces personnes qui a travaillé dur pour acquérir de multiples compétences afin de s'améliorer. Elle continue de se dépasser car elle pense qu'il y a toujours place à l'amélioration. Cathryn Li a également été dotée de superbes traits du visage et a rassemblé de nombreux fans. Cathryn Li est une pianiste classique de formation et elle est titulaire d'une maîtrise en piano du Birmingham Conservatory of Music au Royaume-Uni. Elle s'essaie actuellement au jeu d'acteur et a figuré dans plusieurs films, dont le rôle principal dans Special Female Force, un film d'action à succès de Hong Kong. Cela dit, elle n'a pas oublié sa passion pour le piano et déplore que, lorsqu'elle est en train de filmer, il ne lui reste que peu de temps pour se livrer à sa passion. Elle publie régulièrement des extraits de ses pièces classiques en jouant sur sa page Instagram. Il est simplement fascinant de voir comment ses doigts glissent sur les touches alors qu’elle joue avec une telle ferveur. En harmonie avec tout ce qui est élégant et classique, Cathryn excelle également en ballet. Elle a commencé à pratiquer ce sport et cet art exigeants dès son plus jeune âge et continue à s'entraîner encore aujourd'hui. En plus d'être une pianiste exceptionnelle, une danseuse de ballet et une actrice talentueuse, Cathryn révèle également sa passion pour le fitness en postant régulièrement des vidéos de ses schémas d'entraînement sur sa page Instagram. Elle a progressivement développé sa force et a mis ses progrès en ligne pour inciter les gens à faire de même. Cathryn a maintenant un maigre 12% de graisse corporelle et le reste d’elle est constituée de muscles maigres pour lesquels elle a travaillé d'arrache-pied. C’est pour inspirer tout le monde à suivre ses traces et à continuer à travailler sur vous-même pour que vous puissiez être la meilleure version de vous.
Face Likeness Affects Face Learning
Authors: Balas Benjamin , Bailly Claire
Published: May 2019

Learning to recognize new faces depends critically on learning to cope with the substantial appearance variability that faces are subject to: The same individual can look very different under different viewing conditions. When attempting to match or discriminate between unfamiliar faces, observers tend to misinterpret instances of within-person variability as different exemplars. Exposure to high variability during face learning tends to support better performance in subsequent recognition tasks, and idiosyncratic face variability becomes a part of representations that support accurate face recognition. Though it is clear that the amount of variability is important for learning, it remains an open question whether or not different types of variability support more robust recognition abilities after training. In the present study, we addressed this question by asking observers to complete an incidental learning task in which they were either presented with good likenesses or poor likenesses of target faces. Following this training task, all participants were tested with a novel set of face images including new exemplars of the individuals presented during training. We found that the quality of face likenesses affected performance during the training task, but did not lead to different outcomes at test. Both kinds of training improved different aspects of performance relative to a control group that received no training at all, however, suggesting that both good and poor examples of an individual’s appearance are useful for establishing representations for recognition.
Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeologists: Part 1 of 3
Authors: Romanowska Iza , Crabtree Stefani , Harris Kathryn , Davies Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Formal models of past human societies informed by archaeological research have a high potential for shaping some of the most topical current debates. Agent-based models, which emphasize how actions by individuals combine to produce global patterns, provide a convenient framework for developing quantitative models of historical social processes. However, being derived from computer science, the method remains largely specialized in archaeology. In this paper and the associated tutorial, we provide a jargon-free introduction to the technique, its potential and limits as well as its diverse applications in archaeology and beyond. We discuss the epistemological rationale of using computational modeling and simulation, classify types of models, and give an overview of the main concepts behind agent-based modeling.
The value of toys: 6–8-year-old children's toy preferences and the functional analysis of popular toys
Authors: Mertala Pekka , Karikoski Hannele , Tähtinen Liisa , Sarenius Vesa-Matti
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the kinds of toy preferred by 6–8-year-old children, asking: how, and on what basis, do children rationalize their preferences for particular toys? Data were collected by interviewing children in their homes. Children chose eight toys from a tailored catalog and explained why they wanted those particular items. Toys were analyzed with the aid of a framework designed to test their functional manipulation potential. The children's reasoning was analyzed by means of inductive content analysis. Two kinds of values were found: (1) those which reside in the toy itself and (2) those which children give to toys. Sub-categories relating to material, social, and personal values were identified from the given values. The present paper deepens knowledge of the value of toys not only as playthings but also as cultural artifacts which children use as one form of their voice.
Everyday Nationalism and Making Identity Count
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan , Hopf Ted
Published: May 2019

The literature on everyday nationalism foregrounds constructivist practice theory as well as interpretivist methodologies. Our project Making Identity Count does something similar but with an aim to advance the study of International Relations rather than the study of nationalism. Here we suggest that these two approaches are basically complementary, and that a theoretical and methodological cross-fertilization between them has a real potential to yield new insights in both fields.
Fun and games - Finnish children’s ideas for the use of digital media in preschool
Authors: Mertala Pekka
Published: May 2019

This study has used drawings from and interviews with 5–6 year-old Finnish children (N=103) to explore their ideas for the use of digital media in preschool. The main findings, based on data driven analysis, were the following: Playing commercial digital games was the most popular activity followed by media production, mainly photographing. Computers, tablets and cameras were the most popular devices. Digital media was understood to be more about leisure than learning. Pedagogical implementations are discussed.
Reconsidering 1969: TheWhite Paperand the Making of the Modern Indigenous Rights Movement
Authors: Nickel Sarah
Published: May 2019

The White Paper of 1969, which proposed to eliminate the legislated difference between Indigenous peoples and other Canadians promised a dramatic break from the settler status quo but became, instead, synonymous with continued assimilatory policies, an out-of-touch federal government, and (somewhat ironically) a catalyst for the modern Indigenous rights movement. Indigenous criticism of the paper was swift, with several Indigenous political organizations producing policy papers decrying the White Paper and demanding its retraction. And discussions would not stop there. In the ensuing decades, scholars have taken up the policy as a turning point for Indigenous politics. This article questions what this White Paper dominance has done for our understandings of the modern Indigenous movement and suggests that the policy has been mobilized in ways that separate the movement into pre- and post-eras, effectively erasing, or at least minimizing, pre-1969 political work and overemphasizing provincial and national unity after 1969.
Evaluation Literacy: Perspectives of Internal Evaluators in Non-Government Organizations
Authors: Rogers Alison , McCoy Alicia , Kelly Leanne M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract: While there is an abundance of literature on evaluation use, there has been little discussion regarding internal evaluators’ role in promoting evaluation use. Evaluation can be undervalued if context is not taken into consideration. Evaluation literacy is needed to make evaluation more appropriate, understandable, and accessible, particularly in non-government organizations (NGOs) where there is a growing focus on demonstrable outcomes. Evaluation literacy refers to an individual’s understanding and knowledge of evaluation and is an essential component of embedding evaluation into organizational culture. In recognition of the value of the internal perspective, a small exploratory exercise was undertaken to reveal internal evaluator roles and ways of engaging with colleagues around evaluation. Th e exercise examined a key question: What is the role of evaluation literacy in internal evaluation in the non-government sector? Three Australian auto-narrative examples from internal evaluators highlight evaluation literacy and locate it among the multiplicity of roles required for optimal evaluation uptake. Analysis of the narratives revealed the underlying issues affecting evaluation use in NGOs and the skills needed to motivate and enable others to access, understand, and use evaluation information. Responding to the call for expanded research into internal evaluation from a practice perspective, the authors hope that the findings will stimulate a wider conversation and further advance understanding of evaluation literacy.
Evaluating Youth Drop-In Programs: The Utility of Process Evaluation Methods
Authors: Chechak Derek J. , Dunlop Judith M. , Holosko Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Abstract: In North America, neighbourhood youth centres typically offer essential community-based programs to disadvantaged and marginalized populations. In addition to providing pro-social and supportive environments, they provide a host of educational and skill-development opportunities and interventions that build self-esteem, increase positive life relationships and experiences, and address social determinants of health. However, evaluators of such centres often have to work with moving changes in temporal components (i.e., service users, services, programs, and outcomes) that are unique and idiosyncratic to the mandate of the centre. Although there is an abundance of research on youth programs in general, there is a void in the literature on drop-in programs specifically, which this study aims to address. The lack of empirical research in this area inhibits knowledge about the processes of these centres. For this reason, the article concludes that process evaluation methods may be effectively used to substantiate the practice skills, knowledge, and managerial competencies of those responsible for program implementation.
Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Evaluative Thinking in a Small Development NGO
Authors: Lu Stephanie K. , Elliott Susan J. , Perlman Christopher M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract: The Global Goals come with challenging implications for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in international development and their capacity for high-quality evaluation practice and evaluative thinking. NGOs are pressured to work efficiently, be accountable to donors and beneficiaries, and demonstrate impact. They must also critically examine the underlying assumptions behind their work, or else the sustainability of their work becomes jeopardized. Using previously collected evaluation data from a small NGO in water-based development, this paper highlights perceived facilitators and barriers to evaluative thinking and where they might occur in the evaluation process for an NGO constrained by time and resources.
Catastrophic Failure of a Fan in a Diesel Engine Cooler
Authors: Krishna B.V. , Sidhu R.K.
Published: May 2019

The fan used to cool a diesel engine fractured catastrophically after approximately 100 h of operation. The fan failed at a spider, which was resistance spot welded to a shim placed between two circular spiders of 3 mm thickness. The detailed analysis of the fracture indicated that the premature failure of the fan was due to inadequate bonding between the sheets at the weld nugget. The fracture was initiated from the nugget-plate interface. The inadequate penetration and lack of fusion between the steel sheets during resistance spot welding led to poor weld strength and the fracture during operation. The propensity to crack initiation and failure was accentuated by improper cleaning of the surfaces prior to welding and to inadequate nugget-to-sheet edge distance.
Failure Analysis of Door Lock Assemblies Illustrating the Statistical Aspects of Failure Analysis
Authors: Forgione J.
Published: May 2019

Statistical techniques provide the design engineer with a powerful tool for the analysis of failure data. By means of an actual case study, steps required to design a test yielding statistically meaningful data and procedures used in graphical analysis of results are presented. The Weibull distribution is the statistical model used as a basis for these techniques. This method of failure analysis provides the engineer with clear, positive design direction.
Cracking at a Superheater Header Connection
Authors: da Silveira T.L. , Le May I.
Published: May 2019

Examination of the header of the third superheater of a boiler producing 150 t/h of steam at 525 deg C and 118 kPa, disclosed extensive internal cracking at the connection to the tube joining this to a safety valve. Cracking was observed within the tube and in the thickness of the shell wall itself. The boiler had been in operation for approximately 160,000 h and was shut down for inspection when the cracking was detected. The material involved was 2.25 Cr, 1 Mo steel, and the unit had been subjected to 115 shutdowns. Initiation of the cracks was attributed to thermal shock, caused by the periodic return of condensate along the long connecting line (some 9 m long). Propagation of the cracks was due to thermal cycling, together with periodic pressure cycles, producing growth by low cycle fatigue. This was aided by corrosion within the cracks and by the wedging action caused by corrosion deposits at their tips. The failure suggests control of dissolved solids in the boiler feedwater may have been inadequate.
Analysis of Failed Nuclear Plant Components
Authors: Diercks D.R.
Published: May 2019

Argonne National Laboratory has conducted analyses of failed components from nuclear power-generating stations since 1974. The considerations involved in working with and analyzing radioactive components are reviewed here, and the decontamination of these components is discussed. Analyses of four failed components from nuclear plants are then described to illustrate the kinds of failures seen in service. The failures discussed are (1) intergranular stress-corrosion cracking of core spray injection piping in a boiling water reactor, (2) failure of canopy seal welds in adapter tube assemblies in the control rod drive head of a pressurized water reactor, (3) thermal fatigue of a recirculation pump shaft in a boiling water reactor, and (4) failure of pump seal wear rings by nickel leaching in a boiling water reactor.
Cracked Disks of Fan Made of Heat Resistant Steel
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand
Published: May 2019

Three radially-cracked disks that circulated the protective gases in a bell-type annealing furnace were examined. During service they had been heated in cycles of 48 h to 720 deg C for 3 h each time, then were kept at temperature for 15 h followed by cooling to 40 deg C in 30 h, while rotating at 1750 rpm. Two disks were cracked at the inner face of the sheet metal rim while the rim of the third was completely cracked through. An analysis of the sheet metal rim of one of the disks showed the following composition: 0.06C, 1.98Si, 25.8Cr, and 35.8Ni. A steel of such high chromium content was susceptible to s-phase formation when annealed under 800 deg C. The material selected was therefore unsuitable for the stress to be anticipated. In view of the required oxidation resistance, a chromium-silicon or chromium-aluminum steel with 6 or 13% Cr would have been adequate. If the high temperature strength of these steels proved inadequate, an alloy lower in chromium would have been preferable.
Arterial wall contrast enhancement in progressive moyamoya disease
Authors: Roder Constantin , Hauser Till-Karsten , Ernemann Ulrike , Tatagiba Marcos , Khan Nadia , Bender Benjamin
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate chronological patterns of arterial wall contrast enhancement in contrast-enhanced high-resolution MRI (CE-HR-MRI) in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).

METHODS

The authors performed a blinded analysis of clinical and imaging data from MMD patients. Data were analyzed chronologically for each patient and the intensity of arterial wall enhancement was correlated with the clinical and imaging-based progression status of the disease.

RESULTS

A total of 31 MMD patients and 61 imaging time points were included. CE-HR-MRI results were available for 56 time points, representing 112 hemispheric analyses. No arterial wall contrast enhancement (grade 1) was seen in 54 (48%) of the analyses, mild enhancement (grade 2) in 24 (21%), moderate enhancement (grade 3) in 15 (13%), and strong (grade 4) mainly concentric arterial wall contrast enhancement in 19 (17%). Grade 4 contrast enhancement was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with clinical disease progression within 6 months (before or after the MRI) compared to grades 1–3, with positive and negative predictive values of 0.8 and 0.88, respectively. Grades 1 and 2 (no contrast enhancement and only mild contrast enhancement) were highly predictive for stable disease (negative predictive value: 0.95).

CONCLUSIONS

A specific chronological increasing and decreasing pattern of arterial wall contrast enhancement associated with “beginning” as well as progression of angiopathy occurs in MMD patients. In clinical practice, CE-HR-MRI of the arterial wall may help to identify patients at risk of new strokes caused by disease progression and hence impel early treatment for future stroke prevention. Understanding of this temporary enhancement of the arterial wall might also bring new insights into the etiology of MMD.
PENGARUH MODEL THINK PAIR AND SHARE BERBASIS MEDIA TREE CHART TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF PADA MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI
Authors: Queen Yolanda Ave , Supiandi Markus Iyus , Ege Benediktus
Published: May 2019

Hasil belajar kognitif adalah salah satu dari tiga jenis hasil belajar yang diukur pada suatu proses pebelajaran.  Hasil belajar kognitif siswa akan lebih baik apabila menerapkan berbagai model maupun media pembelajaran salah satunya adalah model pembelajaran Think, Pair and Share (TPS) berbasis media Tree Chart. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model TPS berbasis media Tree Chart terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Silat Hulu pada materi Keanekaragaman Hayati. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini berupa pendekatan kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian Quasi Eksperimental Design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Silat Hulu terdiri dari 129 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan total sampel 58 siswa, 29 siswa untuk kelas eksperimen dan 29 siswa untuk kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengukuran. Instrumen untuk mengukur hasil belajar kognitif siswa berupa soal pilihan ganda sebanyak 30 item. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis pada posttest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai sig. (2–tailed) sebesar 0,00 dan α = 0,05. Pengujian hipotesis membuktikan bahwa nilai sig. (2–tailed) < α (0,002< 0,05) yang artinya Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, yakni terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif siswa antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada pengukuran akhir posttest.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SOSIAL E-LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PADA SISTEM PENCERNAAN
Authors: Zakia Auva Rusyda , Djamahar Refirman , Rusdi Rusdi
Published: May 2019

PBL adalah pembelajaran yang menggunakan masalah dunia nyata sebagai konteks pembelajaran, sementara E-Learning adalah kegiatan pembelajaran yang memungkinkanya tercapai bahan ajar ke peserta didik dengan menggunakan media internet, salah satunya dengan social media LINE. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PBL menggunakan social media E-Learning terhadap hasil belajar Sistem Pencernaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada November 2018 di SMPIT Asy-syukriyyah, Tangerang, dimana dua kelompok masing-masing memiliki sampel 25 peserta didik yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Rancangan perlakuan adalah  non-equivalent control group design. Hasil uji prasyarat menunjukkan data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Uji hipotesis mendapatkan thitung sebesar 2.57 yang lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 2.44, maka Ho ditolak yang berarti terdapat pengaruh PBL menggunakan social media E-Learning terhadap hasil belajar Sistem Pencernaan. Hasil terlihat pada selisih rata-rata kelas eksperimen lebih besar 7.88.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh PBL menggunakan  social media E-Learning terhadap hasil belajar Sistem Pencernaan peserta didik SMP.
KEMAMPUAN KETERAMPILAN GENERIK SAINS SISWA MELALUI MODEL LEARNING CYCLE 7E PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Ratnasari Anilia , Maulidah Risti
Published: May 2019

Keterampilan generik sains siswa masih jarang diukur oleh guru dan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 7E masih jarang diterapkan oleh guru sebagai model pembelajaran di sekolah, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model learning cycle 7E terhadap keterampilan generik sains siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMP Negeri 1 Balongan Indramayu. Penelitiian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain True-Experimental Design dengan rancangan Posttest-Only Control Group. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Balongan indramayu yang terdiri dari 11 kelas dengan jumlah keseluruhan 352 siswa. Teknik sampling menggunakan teknik Probability Sampling jenis Cluster Random Sampling diperoleh kelas VII H sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII A sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa tes uraian keterampilan generik sains siswa yang berjumlah 5 soal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata pada kelas eksperimen yaitu 74 dan pada kelas kontrol yaitu 63,75. Dengan taraf signifikan (α) = 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan (db) 62 diperoleh thitung = 28,29 dan ttabel = 2,000. Karena thitung > ttabel, maka tolak Ho. Hal ini berarti model learning cycle 7E berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan generik sains siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMP Negeri 1 Balongan Indramayu.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DAYA LEDAK OTOT LENGAN DAN KOORDINASI MATA-TANGAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN SHOOTING BOLA BASKET PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Subekti Muhammad Rian
Published: May 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara daya ledak otot lengan dan koordinasi mata tangan dengan kemampuan shooting bola basket putra kelas XI sekolah menengah atas negeri 1 sintang. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah interrelationship studies dengan sampel penilitian adalah siswa kelas XI Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Sintang sebanyak 52 siswa . Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pengukuran yang mencakup tes dan pengukuran dan jenis alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini untuk tes dan mengukur daya ledak otot lengan menggunakan two hand medicine ball, untuk tes dan pengukuran koordinasi mata tangan menggunakan tes lempar tangkap bola dan untuk tes dan pengukuran shooting bola basket menggunakan alat ukur tes menembak bola ke keranjang basket. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian tentang daya ledak otot lengan, diperoleh skor terendah 4.07 dan skor tertinggi 6.33. dari 52 siswa yang dijadikan sampel penelitian 16 siswa (30.7%) memperoleh skor kelompok dibawah rata-rata, 17 siswa memperoleh skor kelompok rata-rata (32.5%) dan 19 siswa berada diatas kelompok rata-rata (36.7%). Untuk koordinasi mata-tangan diperoleh skor terendah 9 dan skor tertinggi 14. 14 siswa (26.9%) memperoleh skor rata-rata, 24 siswa (46.2%) berada pada kelompok rata-rata dan 14 siswa (26.9%) berada diatas kelompok rata-rata. Kemampuan shooting bola basket diperoleh skor terendah 2 siswa dan tertinggi 7 siswa. 21 siswa (40.4%) memperoleh skor dibawah rata-rata, 26 siswa (50.0%) berada pada kelompok rata-rata dan 5 siswa (9.6%) berada diatas kelompok rata-rata. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara daya ledak otot lengan dan koordinasi mata-tangan dengan kemampuan shooting bola basket pada siswa putra kelas XI SMAN 1 Sintang.Kata kunci: Daya Ledak Otot Lengan, Koordinasi Mata-Tangan, Shooting Bola Basket
Oral History und Digital Humanities
Authors: Pagenstecher Cord
Published: May 2019

Digitale Technologien ermöglichen die softwaregestützte Sicherung, Erschließung und Bereitstellung von Interviewsammlungen und ihre sammlungsübergreifende Recherche und Analyse. Nach einem Forschungsüberblick skizziert der Artikel die an der Freien Universität zugänglichen digitalen Interviewsammlungen, insbesondere das Visual History Archive der Shoah Foundation und das Online-Archiv Zwangsarbeit 1939-1945 und ihre Nutzungsmöglichkeiten. Während Oral Historians traditionell meist wenige Interviews anhand der Transkripte analysierten, unterstützen digitale Interviewarchive nun vergleichende Untersuchungen anhand der originalen Audio- und Videoaufzeichnungen. Allerdings steht die digitale Aufbereitung von Oral History-Sammlungen vor großen Herausforderungen. Die Digital Humanities stellen dafür einige Ansätze bereit, etwa in den Bereichen Spracherkennung und Named Entity Recognition, Erschließungssoftware und Metadatenstandards, Persönlichkeitsschutz und Langzeitarchivierung, die der Artikel kurz vorstellt und diskutiert. Abschließend demonstriert ein Kurzvergleich von zwei Interviews prototypisch die Möglichkeiten einer digital unterstützten Interviewanalyse im Hinblick auf Multiperspektivität, Multimodalität und Multilingualität. Deutlich wird, dass die Digital Humanities der Oral History neue und faszinierende Forschungsperspektiven eröffnen.
Informationstechnologische Unterstützung der Archivierung biographischer Interviews und Erinnerungszeugnisse
Authors: Salman Munir , Engel Felix , Leh Almut , Hemmje Matthias
Published: May 2019

Traditionelle Gedächtnisinstitutionen – Archive, Bibliotheken und Museen – stehen vor der Herausforderung der digitalen Transformation. Insbesondere, da Inhalte aus unterschiedlichen Gründen nur zum Teil online verfügbar sind, während die externe Nachfrage nach der Nutzung der vorhandenen Archivinhalte ständig steigt. Dr beitrag befasst sich daher mit Ansatzpunkten und Zielen eines künftigen Arbeitsprogramms, das die genannten Herausforderungen adressiert.
Die zweite Generation der Grünen
Authors: Becker-Schaum Christoph , Surkov Anastasia
Published: May 2019

Die Studie zeichnet das Gruppenportrait von acht der jüngsten Bundestagsabgeordneten von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen in der Wahlperiode von 1994 bis 1998. Für die Studie wurden biographische Interviews geführt. Das Gruppenportrait besteht aus drei Teilen. Der erste enthält die Motivationen und Wege, warum und in welchen Kontexten die Interviewten den Grünen beigetreten sind. Der zweite Teil verfolgt in acht Etappen den Weg in die Bundestagsfraktion, von der Entscheidung für die Kandidatur, die Listenparteitage ihrer Landesverbände, den Wahlkampf und den Wahltag, die Ankunft in Bonn, die konstituierende Sitzung der neuen Fraktion mit der Wahl des Fraktionsvorstandes, der Verteilung der Ausschüsse und der ersten Pressekonferenz des Vorstandes bis zum Beginn der politischen Arbeit der Fraktion. Der dritte Teil beschreibt ihre Haltung zum Bundeswehreinsatz in Bosnien. Dabei wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich ihre Position zum zentralen Konflikt der Bundesgrünen während der Wahlperiode wandelte. Zum Fazit gehört, dass die Unterschiede der Herkunft – sechs Abgeordnete kamen aus der alten Bundesrepublik, zwei aus der ehemaligen DDR – in einigen Punkten sehr ins Gewicht fallen. Auch bildeten die acht Abgeordneten keine Gruppe in dem Sinne, dass sie eine gemeinsame Haltung vertreten hätten. Wohl aber gab es eine Gemeinsamkeit hinsichtlich ihres Politikstils. Anstelle der früheren Symbolpolitik der Grünen ist ihr Politikstil pragmatischer und professioneller geworden. Insofern waren sie Protagonisten des beginnenden Generationswechsels bei den Bündnisgrünen.
Zwei Algerienkriege im Saarland?
Authors: Hardt Lucas
Published: May 2019

Der algerische Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1954-1962) war eine komplexe Konfliktkonstellation, die neben Frankreich und Algerien teilweise auch auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik und insbesondere im Saarland ausgefochten wurde. Dies galt vor allem seit Beginn des Jahres 1958, als zahlreiche Algerier unter den Einwirkungen des Kolonialkrieges in die europäischen Nachbarländer Frankreichs flohen. Auf der Grundlage der Erfahrungsberichte von zwei algerischen Zeitzeugen widmet sich dieser Aufsatz den Migrations- bzw. Fluchterfahrungen der Betroffenen. Zudem werden unmittelbare Konfrontationen mit dem Kolonialkrieg im Saarland und die jeweiligen Alltagserfahrungen miteinander verglichen. Dabei wird neben einer hohen Diversität der Anreise- und Aufenthaltsbedingungen algerischer Migranten im Saarland auch verdeutlicht, dass die treibende Kraft der algerischen Rebellion, der FLN, bereits vor dem Krieg bestehende soziale Ungleichheiten um den Preis der politischen Unabhängigkeit von Frankreich perpetuierte.
Methodische Problemfelder und ethische Implikationen der zeitzeugenbasierten Historiographie
Authors: Söhner Felicitas
Published: May 2019

Basierend auf forschungspraktischen Erfahrungen in mehreren Zeitzeugenprojekten betrachtet die Autorin methodische Problemfelder mit Blick auf ethische Implikationen der historischen Zeitzeugenarbeit. Diskutiert werden Chancen und Risiken des methodischen Ansatzes sowie ethische Leitlinien in der Oral History. Reflexion und Ausblick verweisen auf eine notwendige Ethikkultur in der Zeitzeugenarbeit.
Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogels Formed from Polymer Solutions in Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Tetramethoxysilane Additives
Authors: Bakeeva I. V. , Orlova M. A. , Lozinsky V. I.
Published: May 2019

Organic–inorganic hybrid cryogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing silica inclusions (SiO2) were obtained and studied. Such inclusions were formed in the course of hydrolytic polycondensation (sol-gel process) of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) introduced into concentrated polymer solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PVA concentration in these solutions was 60, 80 or 100 g/L; while the concentration of TMOS was varied in a range of 0.15–0.61 mol/L. The polymer solutions were subjected to the cryogenic treatment at temperatures by 40 °С lower than DMSO crystallization temperature (+18.4°C). The frozen samples were thawed out at a heating rate of 0.03°/min. It is shown that moderate freezing at −21.6 °C, then frozen storage and subsequent thawing of the initial reaction mixture PVA/DMSO/TMOS/acid catalyst resulted in the formation of strong macroporous PVA/SiO2 cryogels. Such cryogel materials are hybrid systems, because the gel-forming polymer and the silica containing moieties belong to the content of the gel phase. The basis of this intermolecular interaction is hydrogen bonding between OH groups of the adjacent chains. This leads to the formation of modified microcrystallinity zones that perform as the nodes of the three-dimensional network of cryogels. The effects of significant increase in their rigidity and heat-resistance with increasing PVA and TMOS concentration in the initial feed were also observed. It was shown that the success of the synthesis of transparent elastic and heat-resistant PVA/SiO2 cryogels depends on the choice of the optimal ratio between the precursors and the combined effect of the liquid (methanol and water) and silicon-containing components on the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds and microcrystallites.