bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debris cover controls glacial thinning, lakes, and hazards in
High Mountain Asia
Authors: Anderson Leif , Scherler Dirk , McCoy Scott , McGrath Daniel , Kirkbride Martin , Zeller Lucas , Anderson Robert
Published: November 2023

Glaciers across High Mountain Asia (HMA) are thinning and retreating in widely varying patterns. The cause of this variability has been controversial for decades, hindering predictions of water resources and hazards for 800 million people downstream. We show that this heterogeneity is strongly affected by debris cover on glaciers. We propose a new mechanism: that debris cover, by reducing surface melt rates and glacier slopes, limits the dynamic propagation of thinning to glacier termini. The resulting patterns of thinning lead to new supraglacial and ice marginal lakes, which are capable of draining catastrophically. Explanation of this new physical mechanism for thinning allows prediction of emerging hazards in HMA in the face of rising temperature and a diminishing cryosphere.
Dynamic intraglomerular neuronal ensembles represent odor identity and concentration
Authors: Platel Jean-Claude , Angelova Alexandra , Cremer Harold , Loizeau Mathieu
Published: November 2023

The olfactory system has been extensively studied from an anatomical and functional point of
view, yet how and where certain basic odor characteristics such as identity and concentration
are represented in the brain remains poorly understood. The glomerular layer of the olfactory
bulb is the first brain region that integrates olfactory signals and enables a topographic
representation of odor identity. We investigated this odor encoding at the intraglomerular
network level using genetic labeling, in vivo imaging, and computational methods. Our
analyses demonstrated that glomerular glutamatergic neurons encode both odor identity and
concentration. Furthermore, in vivo structural and functional imaging of sister neurons revealed
the emergence of intraglomerular neuronal ensembles governed by odor identity and
concentration. These findings revealed a novel network mechanism that enables the
simultaneous coding of odor identity and concentration within glomerular modules, suggesting
a potential mechanism for odor decorrelation and a new model for odor information processing
in the olfactory bulb.
Moringa seed essential oil improves sedative and hypnotic effects by increasing GABA in the hypothalamus and reducing 5-HT levels in serum through the olfactory pathway in rats
Authors: Wei Shaofeng , Chen Ruijie , Liu Xiaoyi , Ma Haoran , Peng Yang , Wu Xiefei , An Yong , Wang Xinru , Luo Peng
Published: November 2023

Insomnia is a common frequently occurring disease, and the therapeutic drugs have dependence and side effects. Moringa is a kind of plant used for both medicine and food. Moringa seed (MS) is rich in volatile oil. Nowadays, MS has been initially used to treat nervous system disease; however, there are few reports on the treatment of insomnia with essential oil of MS by aromatherapy. Therefore, this study aimed to extract MS essential oil and analyze its effect of improving sleep through animal experiments. This study used petroleum ether thermal extraction abstract essential oil in MS. It was subjected to compositional analysis using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). SD rats were divided into seven concentration groups (Control, Model, Natural Recovery, Positive Control, High, Medium and Low). The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenyl alanine (PCPA) when the successful model establishment, the Positive Control group was injected with chloral hydrate solution; essential oil at concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% was used for aromatherapy in the High, Medium and Low groups; 1% Tween-80 was used for aromatherapy in the Natural Recovery group. The results of MS essential oil were analyzed by observing the general condition of rats in each group, open field test, pentobarbital sodium righting test, detecting the content of serum 5-HT and hypothalamic GABA. It was found to be rich in oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, stigmasterol, γ-Stigmasterol, and other substances by GC-MS in MS essential oil. Through the general condition of rats, behavioral tests as well as blood biochemical assays. It is known that MS essential oil aromatherapy can reduce the rat's reciprocal tear behavior, increase the rat's activity interest, and exploration ability and increase the content of 5-HT in rat serum and GABA in the hypothalamus. Therefore, MS have a sedative and hypnotic effect.
Genomic landscape of diffuse glioma revealed by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Kinnersley Ben , Jung Josephine , Cornish Alex , Chubb Daniel , Laxton Ross , Frangou Anna , Gruber Andreas , Sud Amit , Caravagna Giulio , Sottoriva Andrea , Wedge David , Booth Thomas , Al-Sarraj Safa , Lawrence Sam , Albanese Erminia , Anichini Guilio , Baxter David , Boukas Alexandros , Chowdhury Yasir , D'Urso Pietro , Corns Robert , Dapaah Andrew , Edlmann Ellie , Greenway Fay , Grundy Paul , Hill Ciaran , Jenkinson Michael , Krishna Sandhya , Smith Stuart , Manivannan Susruta , Martin Andrew , Matloob Samir , Mukherjee Soumya , O'Neill Kevin , Plaha Puneet , Pollock Jonathan , Price Stephen , Rominiyi Ola , Sachdev Bobby , Saeed Fozia , Sinha Saurabh , Thorne Lewis , Ughratdar Ismail , Whitfield Peter , Youshani Amir , Bulbeck Helen , Arumugam Prabhu , Houlston Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars
Published: November 2023

Diffuse gliomas are the commonest malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Herein, we present the most comprehensive analysis of the genomic landscape of adult glioma to date, by whole genome sequencing of 403 tumours. We identify an extended catalogue of recurrent coding and non-coding genetic mutations that represents a source for future studies and provides the most complete high-resolution map of structural variants, copy number changes and global genome features including telomere length, mutational signatures and genomic complexity. Finally, we relate these to clinical outcome. As well as identifying new DNA level drug targets for treatment of glioma findings offer the prospect of improving treatment allocation with targeted therapies.
Morphological and molecular identification for four new species of wood-inhabiting Trechispora (Basidiomycota, Hydnodontaceae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, East Asia
Authors: Luo Kaiyue , Su Jiangqing , Zhou Hongmin , Cheng Lijun , Zhao Changlin
Published: November 2023

Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Trechispora albofarinosa, T. rhizomorpha, T. stipitata and T. wenshanensis spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Trechispora albofarinosa is characterized by the farinosa basidiomata with flocculence hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid, warted basidiospores. Trechispora rhizomorpha is characterized by the membranous basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, rhizomorphic sterile margin, barrelled basidia and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. Trechispora stipitata is characterized by the solitary or imbricate, laterally stipitate basidiomata, fan shaped pileus, radially striatecovered the surface with appressed scales, odontioid hymenophore surface, and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Trechispora wenshanensis is characterized by a cottony basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, thin-walled, warted basidiospores. Sequences of ITS, nLSU, mt-SSU, GAPDH, RPB1, RPB2 markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequences and the topology ITS + nLSU + mt-SSU + GAPDH + RPB1 + RPB2 dataset highlighted that four new species were grouped into the genus Trechispora.
The effect of Immersive Virtual Reality on balance – an exploratory study on the feasibility of head-mounted displays for balance evaluation.
Authors: Rosiak Oskar , Pietrzak Nikodem , Szczęsna Anna , Kulczak Izabela , Zwoliński Grzegorz , Kamińska Dorota , Konopka Wiesław , Jozefowicz-Korczynska Magdalena
Published: November 2023

Global interest in applying virtual reality (VR) in research and medicine has grown significantly, with potential benefits for patients suffering from balance disorders, instability, and a high risk of falling. This exploratory study assesses the impact of immersive VR (IVR) delivered through a head-mounted display (HMD) on balance and explores the feasibility of using the HMD VR unit as a standalone posturography tool. Using the Meta Quest 2 HMD and a mid-range Android smartphone equipped with standard sensors, the research employed a VR environment that simulated a ship at sea, with thirty-eight healthy participants with no otoneurologic abnormalities. Measurements were conducted in repeated trials, including static assessments on both stable ground and foam, as well as a 3-meter walk. This was conducted in two settings: one within a VR environment with three different intensity levels and the other in non-VR settings. Statistical analysis and clinical evaluation revealed that IVR with HMD influences head-level sway velocity, which correlates with increased visual disturbance, suggesting its potential as a low-risk standalone posturography tool.
Open-access database of kinetic parameters in the healthy human brain for existing CNS PET tracers
Authors: Miyajima Itsuki , Yoshikawa Ayano , Sahashi Kyosei , Seki Chie , Nagai Yuji , Watabe Hiroshi , Shidahara Miho
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Information about developed positron emission tomography (PET) tracers and obtained clinical PET images is publicly available in a database. However, findings regarding the kinetic parameters of PET tracers are yet to be summarized. Therefore, in this study, we created an open-access database of kinetic parameters for existing central nervous system (CNS) PET tracers in healthy human brains.
Method
Our database includes information on the kinetic parameters and compounds of existing CNS PET tracers. The kinetic parameter dataset comprises the analysis methods, VT, BPND, K parameters, relevant literature, and subject details. The list of PET tracers and kinetic parameter information was compiled through keyword-based searches of PubMed and Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). The kinetic parameters obtained, including VT, BPND, and K parameters, were reorganized based on the defined brain anatomical regions. All data were rigorously double-checked before being summarized in Microsoft Excel and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) formats.
Results
Of the 247 PET tracers identified through searches using on the PubMed and MICAD websites, 120 kinetic parameters were available. Among the 120 PET tracers, compound structures with chemical and physical properties were obtained from the PubChem website or the ChemDraw software. Furthermore, the affinity information of the 104 PET tracers was gathered from PubChem or extensive literature surveys of the 120 PET tracers.
Conclusion
We developed a comprehensive open-access database that includes both kinetic parameters of healthy humans and compound information for existing CNS PET tracers.
Weight Predicts ETV Success in Pediatric Hydrocephalus Patients
Authors: Black Hannah , Succop Ben , Stuebe Caren , Torres Andrea , Caddell Drew , Quinsey Carolyn
Published: November 2023

Objective: The use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus has higher failure rates in younger patients, notably less than 2.5 months of age. Here we investigated the impact of select perioperative variables, specifically gestational age, chronological age, birth weight, and surgical weight, on ETV failure rates.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients treated with ETV/CPC from 2010 to 2021 at a large academic center. Analyses included Cox regression for independent predictors and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for time to-event outcomes.
Results: 47 patients underwent ETV/CPC at our institution. Overall, 65.6% of the cohort experienced ETV failure with a median failure onset of 36 days postoperatively until failure occurred. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed weight at the time of ETV surgery was significantly inversely associated with ETV failure with a hazard ratio of 0.92 (95% CI 0.82, 0.99). Multivariate analysis redemonstrated the inverse association of weight at time of surgery with ETV failure with hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.60, 0.92) The associated ROC had an area under the curve of 0.7490 (95% CI 0.61, 0.89, p=0.02) demonstrating moderate validity in the value of surgery weight as a predictor for ETV failure. The weight cutoff with highest AUC was 4.9 kg (sensitivity: 74% specificity: 69%).
Conclusions: Low weight at time of surgery can be an independent predictor of ETV/CPC failure. Previous studies assessing the relationship between ETV/CPC failure and age may have been confounded by not accounting for surgical weight.
Analysis of amino acids in Meconopsis quintuplinervia by HPLC-MS and exploration of geographical distribution pattern
Authors: Feng Dan , Sun Jing , Long Ruolan , Luo Xi
Published: November 2023

The amino acids in Tibetan medicine herb Meconopsis quintuplinervia from sixteen different populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with derivative reagent 10-ethyl acridine-2-sulfonyl chloride (EASC). Among all the amino acids, phenylalanine was the most abundant, followed by glycine, tryptophan, and lysine. These results suggest that the use of EASC provided a fast and sensitive method for amino acid detection and that the concentrations of essential amino acids were relatively high. Mass spectrometry results verified the accuracy of the HPLC results. To reveal the influence of the ecological environment on the contents and type of amino acids, we analyzed the HPLC determination results in combination with environmental factors. Specifically, cluster analysis was used to classify groups, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis methods were used to quantify and analyse the influence of environmental factors on the types and contents of amino acids. The results show that the sixteen populations were divided into 4 groups, with the distribution of amino acid components in M. quintuplinervia affected by the content of total N (A-N), available K (S-K). Pearson correlation analysis shows that soil organic matter (OR), A-N, available P (S-P) and available N (S-N) in soil positive correlation between most amino acids, and negative correlation between A-K and most amino acids. The derivatization method established in this study can be used for rapid determination of various amino acids, and the influence of environmental factors on amino acid content in M. quintuplinervia was revealed. The research results can provide basic data for the protection, development, and utilization of M. quintuplinervia.
Decoding breast cancer Histopathology: Machine Learning-Enhanced Advanced Mathematical Models in Multi-B-Value MR Diffusion Imaging
Authors: Amini Behnam , Ghasemi Moein , Farazandeh Dorreh , Farzaneh Hana , Torabi Sarah , Sedaghat Mona , Jafarimehrabady Niloofar , Hajiabbasi Mobasher , Aziz Ashkan , Gorjestani OmidReza , Naviafar Anahita , Alaei Maryam , Hosseini Mohammad M. , Karimi Nastaran , Parsaei Amirhossein , Doshmanziari Reza , Vajihinejad Maryam , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Rikhtehgar Masih , Nokiani Alireza Almasi
Published: November 2023

This study aims to advance breast cancer (BC) subtype classification by employing machine learning algorithms to identify key diffusion parameters from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC0-800) histogram, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). A total of 148 newly diagnosed BC patients were enrolled, confirmed through core needle biopsy, and subjected to histopathological analyses to assess key molecular markers such as estrogen and progesterone receptors (collectively termed hormone receptors), HER2, and ki67. These markers were then used to classify BC subtypes. Utilizing advanced post-processing techniques on multi-b-value MR Images, the study employed a diverse set of machine learning (ML) algorithms (supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning techniques) to quantitatively assess their diagnostic utility and subsequently identify algorithmically refined diffusion signatures. Machine learning algorithms demonstrated varying efficacies in the classification of BC subtypes. Key diffusion parameters were prioritized based on feature importance values from the ML models with the highest mean AUC and were further validated using group comparison tests and univariate logistic regression. In conclusion, our findings underscore the importance of tailored ML algorithms in classifying BC subtypes and advocate for a synergistic approach in personalized oncology and precision medicine.
Improved nitrate-to-ammonia electrocatalysis through hydrogen poisoning effects
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Li Yuefei , Tan Yuan , zhang Mingkai , Hu Jun , Chen Zhong , Ma Yuanyuan , Qu Yongquan , Su Laisuo
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical nitrate-to-ammonia conversion affords an efficient approach for carbon-free ammonia production and nitrate pollutant removal. However, it suffers from low productive efficiency or high energy consumption due to lack of desired electrocatalysts. Here we report cobalt-doped nickel phosphides supported on carbon cloth for nitrate-to-ammonia electrocatalysis that display a record-high ammonia production rate of 88.4 g gcat−1 h− 1 and Faraday efficiency of ~ 100% at low energy consumption of 22.7 kWh kgammonia−1. In situ experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that these catalysts benefit from hydrogen poisoning effects on catalyst surface under low overpotentials, which leave behind the catalytically inert poisoned hydrogen atoms and in turn enable ideally reactive ones around them. The former blocks their nearby hydrogen-hydrogen dimerization for hydrogen evolution while the latter drives nitrate hydrogenation timely. With these catalysts, a profitable technology for continuous ammonia production and formaldehyde capture is further shown in an improved flow cell.
Practical Investigations of Wireless Multiple-Power Charging Unit for Electron Quench Detection Device in the Super High Field Superconducting Magnet
Authors: Chung Yoon Do , Chu Yong , Kim Jiseong
Published: November 2023

A rapid and reliable quench detection is vital for high current superconducting magnet system to prevent irreversible damage to a magnet by the quench phenomenon. The method for detecting the occurrence of a resistive transition has been widely adopted in the superconducting magnet. In the case of the voltage monitoring by means of dedicated taps, the electron quench detection device (EQDD) conversion unit, which converts detected high voltages into voltage-drop signal, should be required in the superconducting high field magnet. The power source of traditional quench detecting system (QDS), which can monitor for superconducting magnet with middle power operation, is supplied through the power transformer since the transformer can provide galvanic isolation between circuits. On the other hand, in the case of the super high magnet systems such as Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) and International Thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), since the maximum operation current and voltage of the super high field magnet keep over 60 kA and 50 kV DC, a passive component, which has strong an isolation device and high dielectric resistor qualities, has been required in the super high field magnet. If the power transformer is adopted in the super high field magnet, it can cause high cost for volume capacity since it needs for higher dielectric resistance value over 500MΩ. Authors proposed the wireless resonance antenna and multi-receiver coils which can keep high level of dielectric resistance value with stability. As well as, the wireless power charging unit can reduce system volume due to multi-charging receivers for one antenna. In this study, authors investigate the electric field (EF) and magnetic field (MF) among the resonance coils under 300 W 370kHz RF power generator since the strong electromagnetic fields by the resonance coils can affect the electron devices inside of the EQDD module.
Diagnostic and prognostic efficiency of calculated complex prostate-specific antigen percentage (cPSA%) for prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Omer Sara Abdelmahmoud , Ismail Amar Mohamed , Altayb Hisham N. , Abdrabo AbdElkarim A.
Published: November 2023

Background
Serum cPSA% provides evidence for prostate cancer (PCa) staging and differential diagnosis from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study examined the effectiveness of the calculated cPSA% as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for PCa and to differentiate between PCa and BPH.
Methods
In a case-control study, serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) were measured in newly diagnosed PCa and BPH patients. The cPSA% and fPSA% were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the tPSA-faction isoforms were analyzed and evaluated in the study groups.
Results
In PCa, the average cPSA% was significantly higher and fPSA% was lower (86.0 ± 30.4% and 14.0 ± 3.50%, p < 0.001). In the all levels of tPSA, cPSA showed the highest sensitivity and fPSA higher specificity (69%, AUC: 0.723, and 72%, AUC: 0.253). In the tPSA range of 4–10 ng/ml, cPSA% and fPSA% have similar efficiency, whereas, at 10–50 ng/ml, cPSA noticed higher efficiency than fPSA (92%, AUC: 0.549 and 51%, AUC: 0.369).
Conclusion
The cPSA achieves the requirements of PCa biomarkers and has greater efficiency for the diagnosis of PCa and differentiating it from BPH in gray-zone and late stages.
Compartmental models with underlying renewal process: survival analysis and applications to SVIS epidemic models
Authors: Wanduku Divine
Published: November 2023

Compartmental models assuming exponentially distributed lifetime stages are limited because of a constant hazard rate. Here, a theoretical compartmental model for a system with general lifetime distributions is studied. The model represents the transition rates between jumps of a renewal process in the system. Applications are given for the SVIS disease epidemic model, to investigate the impacts of the hazard rate functions (HRFs) on disease control. The new SVIS model is a non-autonomous nonlinear system (NANLS) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), with coefficients that are HRFs. Moreover, for a class of lifetime distributions, the NANLS of ODEs is asymptotically autonomous. Four asymptotic behaviors of the HRFs: a monotonic, a bathtub, a reverse bathtub and a constant shape are explored to determine the asymptotic population for disease eradication. Also, analysis is conducted to determine the sensitivity of the epidemic system to the hazard rate behaviors over time. Numerical simulation results are given for different lifetime models representing hazard behaviors for vaccine efficacy and immunity.
2000 MSC: 92B15, 62N05, 60E05, 92D25
Uncovering physical activity tradeoffs in transportation policy: A spatial agent-based model of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Stankov Ivana , Meisel Jose D. , Sarmiento Olga Lucia , Delclòs-Alió Xavier , Hidalgo Dario , Guzman Luis A. , Rodriguez Daniel A. , Hammond Ross A. , Roux Ana V. Diez
Published: November 2023

Background: Transportation policies can impact health outcomes while simultaneously promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the impacts of fare subsidies and congestion taxes on commuter decision-making and travel patterns.
We report effects on mode share, travel time and transport-related physical activity (PA), including the variability of effects by socioeconomic strata (SES), and the tradeoffs that may need to be considered in the implementation of these policies in a context with high levels of necessity-based physical activity.
Methods: The ABM design was informed by local stakeholder engagement. The demographic and spatial characteristics of the in-silico city, and its residents, were informed by local surveys and empirical studies. We used ridership and travel time data from the 2019 Bogota Household Travel Survey to calibrate and validate the model by SES. We then explored the impacts of fare subsidy and congestion tax policy scenarios.
Results: Our baseline model reproduced commuting patterns observed in Bogotá. Its outputs were also robust to sensitivity analyses. At the city-level, congestion taxes fractionally reduced car use, including among mid-to-high SES groups but not among low SES commuters. Neither travel times, or physical activity levels were impacted at the city-level or by SES. Comparatively, fare subsidies promoted city-level public transit (PT) ridership, particularly under a ‘free-fare’ scenario, largely through reductions in walking trips. ‘Free fare’ policies also led to a large reduction in very long walking times, and an overall reduction in the commuting-based attainment of physical activity guidelines. Differential effects were observed by SES, with free fares promoting PT ridership primarily among low-and-middle SES groups. These shifts to PT reduced median walking times among all SES groups, particularly low-SES groups. Moreover, the proportion of low-to-mid SES commuters meeting weekly physical activity recommendations decreased under the free fare policy, with no change observed among high-SES groups.
Conclusions: Transport policies can differentially impact SES-level disparities in necessity-based walking and travel times. Understanding these impacts is critical in shaping transportation policies that balance the dual aims of reducing SES-level disparities in travel time (and time poverty) and the promotion of choice-based physical activity.
Lapatinib-induced ErbB1 Inhibition Modulates Caco-2 Intestinal Permeability Through Tight Junction Alteration
Authors: Zain Wan Nor I'zzah Wan Mohamad , Sharin Raja Nur Firzanah Syaza Raja , Khan Jesmine , Ibahim Mohammad Johari , Bowen Joanne
Published: November 2023

Lapatinib (LAP), a dual ErbB1 and ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is effective in ErbB2-positive breast cancer treatment but is associated with diarrhoea. ErbB1 is expressed in the intestine; thus, it is hypothesised that lapatinib inhibits normal ErbB1 function, causing diarrhoea. This study investigated the possible involvement of ErbB1 inhibition in the underlying mechanism of lapatinib-induced diarrhoea. Caco-2 intestinal monolayers were treated with LAP and LAP in combination with recombinant epidermal growth factor (LAP+rEGF). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the Caco-2 monolayer and paracellular transport of Lucifer yellow were measured, while the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJPs) claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. LAP significantly decreased TEER compared to the control untreated monolayer (p < 0.05) at 96 hours. Higher Lucifer yellow permeability was observed in the LAP group but was not significantly different from that in the control group. LAP suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of TJPs, whereas cotreatment with rEGF counteracted LAP inhibition (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the LAP group. Surprisingly, rEGF treatment increased IL-6 mRNA expression (p < 0.01). However, it is suggested that IL-6 is involved in intestinal epithelial proliferation induced by rEGF rather than inflammation. Lapatinib increased Caco-2 intestinal monolayer permeability and reduced tight junction expression by inhibiting ErbB1 expression, suggesting a mechanism of lapatinib-induced diarrhoea.
Implantable Trilayer Microneedle Transdermal Delivery System to Enhance Bioavailability and Brain Delivery of Rivastigmine for Alzheimer Treatment: a Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Aulia Nur Rezky , Putri Aprilia Paramitha Dwi , Pratama Febriansyah Anandha , Abdullah Dian Arnita Putri , Azzahra Kanaya Shafi , Permana Andi Dian
Published: November 2023

Rivastigmine (RV), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease (ALZ). Regrettably, RV is available in the capsule form, associated with reduced drug bioavailability, and in patch form, which may cause skin irritation after repeated use. A controlled RV release implantable trilayer dissolving microneedle (TDMN) was developed in this study to address the issue of RV administration. RV encapsulated in slow-biodegrading polycaprolactone (PCL) that is used for needle implantation in the first layer. After selecting the best formulation, it was tested for in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics to ensure its dependability. The mechanical strength and penetration of TDMN allow for cutaneous administration of RV. TDMN penetrated up to 4 layers of parafilm® and needle reduced < 10%, indicating strong mechanical strength. In in vitro and ex vivo drug release, TDMN distributes RV more continuously than the dissolving microneedle (DMN) as a control. After 168 hours, TDMN released 91.34 ± 11.39% RV, while control was 99.40 ± 0.47%. In ex vivo permeation, TDMN provides 2.606 ± 58.9 µg/cm2 RV, while control provides 32.111 ± 782.54 µg/cm2. TDMN sustained RV values of 0.54 ± 0.09 µg/mL and 1.23 ± 0.26 µg/g in plasma and brain throughout 168 hours of in vivo pharmacokinetic testing. Transdermal delivery using TDMN resulted in a 2-fold increase in brain concentration compared to oral administration in pharmacokinetic study, TDMN treatment showed significantly greater area under curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) values than DMN, patch, and oral administration (p < 0.05).
Discovery of a novel DYRK1A Inhibitor with neuroprotective activity by virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation
Authors: Si Xinxin , Qian Chenliang , Qiu Nianzhuang , Wang Yaling , Yao Mingli , Wang Hao , Zhang Xuehui , Xia Jie
Published: November 2023

Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is implicated in accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), phosphorylation of Tau proteins, and may eventually cause neurodegenerative diseases. Though many DYRK1A inhibitors have been discovered, there is still no marketed drug targeting DYRK1A. This is partly due to the lack of effective and safe chemotypes; therefore, it is still necessary to identify new classes of DYRK1A inhibitors. By the design of a virtual screening workflow composed of pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking and the following practical application, we identified compound L9, ((Z)-1-(((5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-amino)-1H-tetrazol-5-amine), as a moderately active DYRK1A inhibitor (IC50: 1.67 μM). This compound was structurally diverse compared with the known DYRK1A inhibitors, showed a unique binding mode to DYRK1A, and was not toxic to either SH-SY5Y cells or HL-7702 hepatocytes (IC50＞100 μM). Furthermore, compound L9 showed neuroprotective activity by regulating the expression of Aβ and phosphorylation of Tau protein. In conclusion, we have identified a novel DYRK1A inhibitor through virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation, which holds the promise for further study.
PERFORMANCE AND CHALLENGES OF CURRENT HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ABOMEY-CALAVI DISTRICT IN BENIN
Authors: Memevegni Grace Floriane Chidikofan Djonoumawou , Lea Yatakpo Gatienne ,   EcoleNationaleSuperieureduGenieEnergetiqueetProcede,UniversiteNationaledesSciences,Technologies,Ingenierieet Mathematiques(UNSTIM),Benin., Kple Melhyas ,   DepartementdeGeniedelEnvironnement,EcolePolytechniquedAbomey-Calavi,UniversitedAbomey-Calavi,Cotonou, Benin., Nonviho Guevara ,   LaboratoiredeGenieRural, UniversiteNationaledAgriculture(UNA),Benin., Jacques Adjakpa Boco ,   EcoleNationaleSuperieuredeTechnologieET- Lokossa,UniversiteNationaledesSciences,Technologies,Ingenierie et Mathematiques(UNSTIM),Benin.
Published: November 2023

Since 2020, the Beninese government has been experimenting with anewhouseholdsolidwastemanagementsysteminfivemunicipalitiesinsouthernBenin.Thepresentstudyaimstoassesstheperformanceofthiscurrent management system in the central district of Abomey-Calavi. Asurveywith236householdsandstakeholders,acharacterizationofsolidwasteaccordingtohouseholdstandingandseasons,andSWOTanalysiswerecarriedout.Theresultsshowthatthenoveltyofthecurrentmanagementsystemliesinthestructuringoftheinterventionandresponsibilities of the various actors. The coordination of the system istheentireresponsibilityofanewactor,theSGDS(WasteandSanitationManagement Company). At total, 23505 tons of waste are pre-collectedin 2022, representing 80% of pre-collection rate. However, the recoveryrateisverylow.Itwasconcludedthatthecurrentsolidwastemanagement system is neither optimal nor sustainable again. Publicâ€“privateâ€“governmentpartnershipandcollaborationwithhouseholdsdeservestobereinforced.Aformalizedpolicyofoptimalwasterecoveryforeachcomponentalsodeservestobedeveloped.Thisresultscanserveasanefficientdecision-makingtool.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE PROCESS OF INCREASING THE SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors:   Senior Teacher of the English Language Sector Center for Teaching Uzbek and Foreign Languages Tashkent State University of Economics Islam Karimov Street 49., Ziyoda Abdumalikovna Pulatova
Published: November 2023

This abstract explores the pedagogical opportunities for enhancing the social activity of students in the context of learning English. In an increasingly interconnected and diverse world, the importance of English proficiency extends beyond linguistic competence it encompasses effective communication, cross-cultural understanding, and the ability to participate actively in social and professional networks. This study delves into the various strategies, methods, and approaches that educators can employ to foster greater social engagement among English language learners. The literature review section of this abstract examines seminal theories such as Vygotskys sociocultural theory and Krashens input hypothesis, emphasizing the pivotal role of social interaction in language acquisition. Additionally, it discusses the influence of technology, including social media and virtual platforms, in reshaping language learning and promoting social activity. The pedagogical strategies section highlights the practical classroom methods to facilitate social engagement, including collaborative learning, group activities, and project-based learning. Creating an inclusive and supportive classroom environment emerges as a crucial factor in encouraging students to engage socially in English learning. Furthermore, this abstract underscores the impact of technology-enhanced learning, addressing the use of online forums, language learning apps, and virtual reality simulations in fostering social interaction among learners. It also considers the significance of cultural awareness and diversity, advocating for multicultural classrooms and culturally relevant content integration to enhance social activity. Assessment and evaluation methodologies for measuring students social activity in English language learning are explored, including rubrics, self-assessment, peer evaluation, and teacher feedback. In conclusion, this abstract highlights the multifaceted nature of pedagogical support in increasing the social activity of students learning English. It calls for a comprehensive and dynamic approach that combines traditional pedagogy with technology, cultural sensitivity, and effective assessment strategies to equip learners with not only language skills but also the social competence needed in a globalized world.
ASSOCIATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL ROLE STRESS: A STUDY AMONG POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Karmani Vishal , Balasubramanian Swaathi , Panchamia Jallavi
Published: November 2023

The study aims to evaluate the association of Emotional Intelligence (EI) with Organizational Role Stress (ORS) among post-graduate students of public health and healthcare management at various institutes in India. Evidence indicates a depletion and exhaustion of mental and physical energies due to the numerous demands on both post-graduate students personal and professional fronts. Long-term exposure to such demands has been shown to have dysfunctional consequences on students, which can cause stress in their roles. Individuals with higher emotional Intelligence have been perceived to use stress-coping mechanisms effectively.A total of 157 students in post-graduate degree programs in public health and healthcare management were surveyed for data. The 50-item Organizational Role Stress scale and 33-item emotional intelligence scale were used to collect the required data. The findings demonstrate an insignificant correlation between organizational stress and emotional Intelligence. However, among the ten role stressors, inter-role distance and role erosion exhibit a significant positive correlation with emotional Intelligence.
GROWTH RESPONSES OF PLANTS UNDER WATER STRESS: INVOLVEMENT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS)
Authors:   Department of Botany, Raghunathpur College, Raghunathpur, Purulia, Pin 723133, West Bengal., Das Satyajit
Published: November 2023

Plant growth is a vulnerable process being affected by several factors under natural conditions. All types of stresses encountered in natural environment affect plant growth and ultimately reduce productivity of crop plants. Recent global climatic changes made the situation more serious by causing problems like water deficit, high salinity, heat stress and different diseases caused by fungi, pest or bacteria as fallout. Water stress is considered as one of the major abiotic stress factors that limit plant growth and ultimately reduces the productivity of crop plants up to 80% of total production. A huge amount of land of our country is suffering from poor irrigation or irregular rainfall. Such problem calls for a demand for water use efficient or water resistant varieties of crop plants. To develop water resistant varieties, it is important to understand the growth mechanism of crop plants under water limited condition. Keeping in view of these problems this review work is focused light to the understanding of the role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in growth responses of plant under normal as well as water stress condition.
HT TEMNOGRAPHY INTHEEARLY DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN LESIONS DUE TO ISCHEMIC OR HEMORRHAGIC SROKE
Authors:   Casa di Cura Villa delle Magnolie., Vaia Sebastiano , Iavarone Alessandro ,   UOC di Neurologia, Ospedale CTO, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Napoli., Caterino Francesca ,   Casa di Cura Villa delle Magnolie., Strube Carlo ,   Istituto Neurodiagnostico Vaia., Garofalo Elisabetta ,   UOC di Neurologia, Ospedale CTO, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Napoli., Sannino Maria ,   UOC di Neurologia, Ospedale CTO, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Napoli., Gamboz Nadia ,   Universita Suor Orsola Benincasa., Rigatti Daniela ,   Universita Suor Orsola Benincasa., Senese Alessia ,   Universita Suor Orsola Benincasa.
Published: November 2023

Background and aim: The efficacy of treatment in brain stroke is strictly time-dependent, and the development of rapid and non-invasive neurodiagnostic tools for the identification of brain lesions is crucial. Here we assess sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and safety of a new technology, the TESHT temnograph, in the identification of brain lesions in comparison to traditional CT and MRI scans. The temnograph is based on microwave emissions and requires the use of a light headset, representing a significant advancement in non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness of neuroimaging diagnostics. Methods: Ninety-eight nursing home patients (48M, 50F, age:30-85) with ischemic or hemorraghic stroke and a recent MRI and/or TC scan underwent a TESHT scan. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity of brain lesions identification was compared between the 3 scans. Results: In relation to the previous CT or MRI scans, TESHT showed 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the detection of prior and recent brain lesions. Moreover, the absolute safety of the tool was confirmed (100%), with no adverse events reported either by patients or technicians. Conclusions: The TESHT temnograph appears to be a highly promising tool for the faster and less invasive diagnosis of brain lesions secondary to stroke, compared to traditional neuroimaging tools such as MRI and CT. Its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis indicates TESHT as a significant advancement in neuroimaging technology, allowing earlier and safer diagnosis in of cerebrovascular diseases.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY EVALUATING THE ASSOCIATION OF PATIENT LITERACY WITH THE STAGE OF PENILE CARCINOMA
Authors:   Associate Professor, Institute of Urology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India., G. Chengalvarayan , T.B Patravale ,   Resident, Institute of Urology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India.
Published: November 2023

Background: Penile carcinoma is a rare and often late-diagnosed malignancy associated with advanced-stage presentation and poor prognosis. Health literacy, the ability to understand and apply health information, is crucial in healthcare-seeking behavior and early diagnosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted over 12 months at a tertiary care center, included 150 patients diagnosed with penile carcinoma. Patient literacy was categorized into four levels based on educational background. Data on demographic and clinical variables, such as age, smoking status, circumcision status, HPV infection, and the time to medical consultation, were collected. The TNM classification system was used to determine the disease stage. Results: Lower patient literacy levels were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of advanced-stage penile carcinoma presentation (p < 0.001). Patients with limited literacy, particularly those with "No Education," exhibited longer delays in seeking medical attention, contributing to the advanced stage at diagnosis. Additional factors, such as circumcision status and the time to medical attention, were also linked to disease stage. Discussion: This study underscores the critical role of health literacy, categorized into distinct educational levels, in penile carcinoma presentation. Patients with lower literacy levels face barriers to recognizing symptoms and seeking timely medical attention, ultimately resulting in advanced-stage diagnosis. The findings highlight the need for tailored health education and awareness campaigns, especially in communities with varying educational backgrounds. Conclusion: Patient literacy is associated with advanced-stage penile carcinoma presentation. Addressing disparities in health literacy and promoting awareness of penile carcinoma symptoms may enhance early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The study emphasizes the multifaceted nature of cancer risk factors, underlining the importance of considering cultural and healthcare-related elements in future research and public health efforts.
O que direciona a cooperação em cooperativas agropecuárias?
Authors: Binotto Erlaine , Holgado-Silva Heloiza Cristina , Siqueira Elisabete Stradiotto , Cremon Thais
Published: November 2023

A proposta deste artigo é analisar como os fatores demográficos, econômicos e a confiança afetam as atividades de cooperação em três regiões brasileiras. As atividades de cooperação foram analisadas tomando como referência uma adaptação do modelo de Muriqi, Fekete-Farkas e Baranyai, (2019). Para coleta de dados utilizou-se de questionários e grupos focais com produtores vinculados às cooperativas em Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul e Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se de estatística descritiva e teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, bem como análise de conteúdo. Os dados não revelam fatores predominantes que conduzem a um perfil de cooperação, mas a um conjunto de variáveis singulares (localidade, etnia, tamanho da propriedade, tipos de produtos) que produzem estruturas de cooperação e confiança semelhantes nos três Estados, com ênfase em fatores negativos relacionados à ineficiência e desconfiança na gestão. A cooperação mostrou-se um constructo complexo, pois não foram encontradas relações causais que evidenciam maior cooperação. Os Estados têm condições demográficas e econômicas diferenciadas, contudo apresentam um perfil semelhante na confiança. Nós contribuímos com o modelo de Muriqi, Fekete-Farkas e Baranyai (2019) com inclusão de variáveis de análise e indicativos de novas.
Perceptions of Science Teachers towards Some Concepts Related to Inclusive Education: Metaphor Study
Authors: Gün Nazlı , Zorluoğlu Seraceddin Levent
Published: November 2023

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the science teachers' perceptions towards the concepts of inclusive education, inclusive students, and individualized education programs (IEP) related to inclusive education.
Method: 234 science teachers participated in the study, which was carried out in the phenomenological design. The metaphorical form developed by the researchers was used to collect the data within the scope of the research, and the obtained data were analyzed by the content analysis method.
Findings: In the study, "integrative", "practice competence", "negative connotation", "fulfillment of needs", "difference", "supporting effect", "process" and "other" categories were created for the concept of inclusive education; "externally dependent", "promising", "positive connotation", "negative connotation" and "other" categories for the concept of inclusion student; and "supporting effect", "content", "formality" and "fulfillment of needs" categories for the concept of IEP.
Discussion: The metaphors created by the teachers for the concept of inclusive education were mostly collected under the "integrative" category; the metaphors created for the inclusive student mostly under the "external dependent" category, and the metaphors created for the concept of IEP mostly under the "supporting effect" category. It has been concluded that inclusive education generally provides integration and is perceived positively by teachers, inclusive students are perceived as needy and demanding more as externally dependent individuals, and IEP has a guiding perception by providing overall support to both teachers and students in the education and training process.
RESERVA DE VAGAS NAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS E DESEMPENHO ESTUDANTIL: OS IMPACTOS DA LEI 12.711/2012
Authors: Bielschowsky Carlos Eduardo , Minhoto Maria Angélica Pedra , Dias André Luiz Vieira , Silva Cláudia Guedes de Araújo
Published: November 2023

O objetivo do artigo é avaliar o impacto da Lei 12.711/2012 – a Lei de Cotas. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento da literatura, comparado o desempenho de cotistas e não cotistas no Enade e analisadas a permanência e a diplomação desses estudantes em diferentes cursos. Os resultados apontam que o desempenho de cotistas é bem próximo ao de não cotistas e superior ao de estudantes de instituições privadas. A permanência e a diplomação entre cotistas e não cotistas variam de acordo com o curso, mas se assemelham.