bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performing friendship in a lab setting: Advice in troubles talk between friends
Authors: Tovares Alla , Kulbayeva Aisulu
Published: July 2021

Interactions recorded in lab settings have been of little interest to sociolinguists who tend to favor “naturalistic” discourse. The focus on obtaining “natural” speech, however, has both limited the types of data used in sociolinguistic research and created methodological difficulties. This article demonstrates how lab‐recorded interactions—viewed as performance—can lend valuable insights into how research participants display (normative) behaviors and identities. Specifically, using a multimethod approach, we analyze advice‐giving in dyadic interactions between college‐age friends who engage in troubles talk. Being supportive, including offering advice, is essential in friendships. This study, by identifying the various linguistic realizations of advice and explicating how friends manage the power/solidarity tension, adds to our understanding of the important activity of advice‐giving in the context of friendship and illuminates friendship through the lens of advice. It also addresses the methodological question of how lab data fit into the landscape of sociolinguistic research.
Porphyromonasgingivalis survival skills: Immune evasion
Authors: Zheng Shaowen , Yu Shiwen , Fan Xiaomiao , Zhang Yonghuan , Sun Yangyang , Lin Li , Wang Hongyan , Pan Yaping , Li Chen
Published: July 2021

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth‐supporting tissues and eventually leads to tooth loss. As one of the most prevalent oral conditions, periodontitis endangers the oral health of 70% of people throughout the world. Periodontitis is also related to various systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, which not only has a great impact on population health status and the quality of life but also increases the social burden. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram‐negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can express various of virulence factors to overturn innate and adaptive immunities, which makes P. gingivalis survive and propagate in the host, destroy periodontal tissues, and have connection to systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade into and survive in host tissues by destructing the gingival epithelial barrier, internalizing into the epithelial cells, and enhancing autophagy in epithelial cells. Deregulation of complement system, degradation of antibacterial peptides, and destruction of phagocyte functions facilitate the evasion of P. gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can also suppress adaptive immunity, which allows P. gingivalis to exist in the host tissues and cause the inflammatory response persistently. Here, we review studies devoted to understanding the strategies utilized by P. gingivalis to escape host immunity. Methods for impairing P. gingivalis immune evasion are also mentioned.
Investigation of the association between gall bladder wall thickness and hypoalbuminaemia in dogs
Authors: Sparago J. , Rademacher N. , Dehghanpir S. , Post J. , Liu C. C. , Johnston A. N.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To assess the correlation between gallbladder wall thickness and serum/plasma albumin concentrations in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective searches of digital medical record databases were conducted to identify dogs that had either severely low serum/plasma albumin concentration (<1.5 g/dL) or ultrasonographic evidence of gallbladder wall thickening (>2 mm). Analysis of covariance models were used to analyze gallbladder wall thickness with sample type (serum vs plasma), age, etiology, albumin, and albumin ' etiology as the covariates.

Results

A total of 216 dogs met inclusion criteria. One‐hundred and forty‐six dogs had a thickened gallbladder wall (Group 1). Median serum/plasma albumin concentration for dogs in this group was 2.2 g/dL (1 to 5 g/dL), and 84 dogs (57.5%) had hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL). The search for dogs with severe hypoalbuminemia (< 1.5 g/dL) identified 70 dogs (Group 2). In this group, median gallbladder wall thickness was 1.3 mm (0.2 to 6.1 mm) and 17 dogs (24.3%) had a thickened gallbladder wall. Serum/plasma albumin concentration and gallbladder wall thickness were not significantly correlated for Group 1 (r = 0.0044, p = 0.9580) or Group 2 (r = ‐0.1137, p = 0.3487). A moderate negative correlation (‐0.64) was identified between gallbladder wall thickness and albumin concentration in dogs with immune‐mediated diseases (p = 0.03).

Clinical Significance

Gallbladder wall thickness and serum/plasma albumin concentration are independent variables in dogs.
CTfindings, management and short‐term outcome of dogs with pyothorax: 101 cases (2010 – 2019)
Authors: Eiras‐Diaz A. , Frykfors von Hekkel A. , Hanot E. , Stanzani G. , Florey J. , Miller R. , Llabres‐Diaz F.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To describe diagnosis, CT findings, management and short‐term outcome of a large population of canine pyothorax cases.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 101 canine pyothorax cases at two UK referral centres. Medical records and CT images were reviewed. Dogs were included if pre‐ and post‐contrast CT was performed within 48 hours of presentation.

Results

CT abnormalities included pleural thickening (84.1%), pannus (67.3%), pneumothorax (61.4%), mediastinal effusion (28.7%), pulmonary (13.8%) and mediastinal (7.9%) abscessation, foreign body presence (7.9%), foreign body tracts (6.9%) and pneumonia (6.9%). Seventy‐one percent of dogs were managed surgically, of which 90.2% survived, and 29% were managed medically, of which 72.4% survived. Overall mortality was 14.8% and 86.6% of these dogs died within 48 hours of admission. All dogs with evidence of a foreign body on CT underwent surgery.

Clinical significance

Mortality in our population was low and most dogs that died did so within 48 hours of hospitalisation, regardless of management type.
Autoregressive spectral estimates under ignored changes in the mean
Authors: Demetrescu Matei , Hosseinkouchack Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Periodogram‐based‐40 estimators of the spectral density are known to exhibit distorted behavior in neighborhoods of the origin in case of so‐called low frequency contamination, mimicking long‐range dependence. This note quantifies the behavior of the estimator based on autoregressive approximations of order increasing with the sample size. Not surprisingly, the autoregressive spectral estimator is not consistent at the origin under ignored changes in the mean, but turns out to be consistent at non‐zero frequencies. We furthermore show how a specific trimming of the fitted long autoregression can be used to restore consistency in the vicinity of the origin.
Petrology and classification of A‐9003, A 09535, and Y‐82094: A new type of carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Kimura M. , Greenwood R. C. , Komatsu M. , Imae N. , Yamaguchi A. , Sato R.
Published: July 2021

Most carbonaceous (C) chondrites are classified into eight major groups: CI, CM, CO, CV, CK, CR, CH, and CB. However, some are ungrouped. We studied two such chondrites, Asuka (A)‐9003 and A 09535. The abundance of chondrules and matrix and chondrule sizes in these meteorites are similar to those in ordinary chondrites and unlike any known carbonaceous chondrite group. In contrast, they contain 4–6 vol% of refractory inclusions and have oxygen isotopic compositions within the range of CO and CV chondrites. Therefore, A‐9003 and A 09535 are classified as C chondrites. Petrologic subtypes of A‐9003 and A 09535 are 3.2. All these features closely resemble those of another ungrouped chondrite, Yamato (Y)‐82094, and differ from those of any C chondrites reported by now. A‐9003, A 09535, and Y‐82094 likely represent a new type of C chondrite. We provisionally call them CA chondrite after Asuka in Antarctica. Our study suggests a wider range of formation conditions for C chondrites than currently recorded by the major C chondrite groups.
Intracranial myxoid angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma with “classic” histology and EWSR1:CREM fusion providing insight for reconciliation with intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors
Authors: Tan Nicholas J.H. , Pratiseyo Patricia Diana , Wahjoepramono Eka J. , Kuick Chik Hong , Goh Jian Yuan , Chang Kenneth T.E. , Tan Char Loo
Published: July 2021

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm that can exhibit diverse morphological features, including myxoid change. Rarely, the tumor occurs intracranially and poses considerable diagnostic challenges to neuropathologists. This is compounded by a recently coined entity, referred to as intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor (IMMT). These tumors show significant overlaps with intracranial myxoid AFH from clinicopathological and molecular genetic viewpoints. We described an unusual intracranial tumor in a 30‐year‐old man. The tumor exhibited “classic” histological features of myxoid AFH and EWSR1:CREM fusion, a relatively novel variant of EWSR1:CREB family fusion, first identified in IMMT. We also performed a comprehensive literature review comparing the clinicopathological features of intracranial AFHs and IMMTs. Peritumoral lymphoplasmacytic cuffing appears to be the only morphological finding that is consistently absent in reported cases of IMMT while being present in most intracranial AFHs. Otherwise, both tumors showed considerable overlaps in clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features and have a common molecular genetic signature of EWSR1:CREB family fusion, including EWSR1:CREM fusion. Our case appeared to be the first described EWSR1:CREM‐fused intracranial tumor to show prominent peritumoral lymphoplasmacytic cuffing and myxoid change in addition to most of the other “classic” morphologic features of AFH. As such, while the current literature appears to be lacking when it comes to defining intracranial myxoid AFH and IMMT as separate nosological entities, they likely represent a morphological spectrum of a common entity characterized by EWSR1 rearrangement, akin to solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytomas with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene (STAT6) rearrangement.
Narrative review: Risk of eating disorders and nutritional deficiencies with dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Simons Madison , Taft Tiffany H. , Doerfler Bethany , Ruddy Johannah S. , Bollipo Steven , Nightingale Scott , Siau Keith , van Tilburg Miranda A. L.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims

Dietary treatments are growing in popularity as interventions for chronic digestive conditions. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often change their eating behaviors to mitigate symptoms. This can occur under the direction of their physician, a dietitian, or be self‐directed. Poorly implemented and monitored diet treatments occur frequently with considerable risks for negative consequences. We aim to review the literature related to dietary treatments and risks associated with nutritional deficiencies and disordered eating.

Methods

Searches were conducted from June to December 2020 on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, DARE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using relevant keywords based on the Patient, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome (PICO) format. Studies included both adult and pediatric populations. Results are synthesized into a narrative review.

Results

While dietary approaches are efficacious in many research studies, their translation to clinical practice has been less clear. Patients with IBS are at risk for nutritional deficiencies, disordered eating, increased anxiety, and decreases in quality of life in both adult and pediatric groups.

Conclusions

Physicians prescribing dietary treatment for IBS should be aware of nutritional and psychological risks and implement mitigation measures. These include using a combination of brief, validated questionnaires and clinical history, and collaboration with registered dietitians and/or psychologists. Recommendations for clinical decisions are provided.
Breaking boundaries: exploring short‐ and long‐distance mitochondrial signalling in plants
Authors: Welchen Elina , Gonzalez Daniel H.
Published: July 2021

Communication of mitochondria with other cell compartments is essential for the coordination of cellular functions. Mitochondria send retrograde signals through metabolites, redox changes, direct organelle contacts and protein trafficking. Accumulating evidence indicates that, in animal systems, changes in mitochondrial function also trigger responses in other, either neighbouring or distantly located, cells. Although not clearly established, there are indications that this type of communication may also be operative in plants. Grafting experiments suggested that the translocation of entire mitochondria or submitochondrial vesicles between neighbouring cells is possible in plants, as already documented in animals. Changes in mitochondrial function also regulate cell‐to‐cell communication via plasmodesmata and may be transmitted over long distances through plant hormones acting as mitokines to relay mitochondrial signals to distant tissues. Long‐distance movement of transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in crucial aspects of metabolism and retrograde signalling was also described. Finally, changes in mitochondrial reactive species (ROS) production may affect the ‘ROS wave’ that triggers systemic acquired acclimation throughout the plant. In this review, we summarise available evidence suggesting that mitochondria establish sophisticated communications not only within the cell but also with neighbouring cells and distant tissues to coordinate plant growth and stress responses in a cell nonautonomous manner.
The Phtheirospermum japonicum isopentenyltransferase PjIPT1a regulates host cytokinin responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Greifenhagen Anne , Braunstein Isabell , Pfannstiel Jens , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken , Schaller Andreas , Spallek Thomas
Published: July 2021

The hemiparasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum (Phtheirospermum) is a nutritional specialist that supplements its nutrient requirements by parasitizing other plants through haustoria. During parasitism, the Phtheirospermum haustorium transfers hypertrophy‐inducing cytokinins (CKs) to the infected host root. The CK biosynthesis genes required for haustorium‐derived CKs and the induction of hypertrophy are still unknown.

We searched for haustorium‐expressed isopentenyltransferases (IPTs) that catalyze the first step of CK biosynthesis, confirmed the specific expression by in vivo imaging of a promoter‐reporter, and further analyzed the subcellular localization, the enzymatic function and contribution to inducing hypertrophy by studying CRISPR‐Cas9‐induced Phtheirospermum mutants.

PjIPT1a was expressed in intrusive cells of the haustorium close to the host vasculature. PjIPT1a and its closest homolog PjIPT1b located to the cytosol and showed IPT activity in vitro with differences in substrate specificity. Mutating PjIPT1a abolished parasite‐induced CK responses in the host. A homolog of PjIPT1a also was identified in the related weed Striga hermonthica.

With PjIPT1a, we identified the IPT enzyme that induces CK responses in Phtheirospermum japonicum‐infected Arabidopsis roots. We propose that PjIPT1a exemplifies how parasitism‐related functions evolve through gene duplications and neofunctionalization.
A natural single‐nucleotide polymorphism variant in sulfite reductase influences sulfur assimilation in maize
Authors: Jiang Luguang , Wang Yan , Xia Aiai , Wang Qi , Zhang Xiaolei , Jez Joseph M. , Li Zhen , Tan Weiming , He Yan
Published: July 2021

Plants absorb sulfur from the environment and assimilate it into suitable forms for the biosynthesis of a broad range of molecules. Although the biochemical pathway of sulfur assimilation is known, how genetic differences contribute to natural variation in sulfur assimilation remains poorly understood.

Here, using a genome‐wide association study, we uncovered a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant in the sulfite reductase (SiR) gene that was significantly associated with SiR protein abundance in a maize natural association population. We also demonstrated that the synonymous C to G base change at SNP69 may repress translational activity by altering messenger RNA secondary structure, which leads to reduction in ZmSiR protein abundance and sulfur assimilation activity.

Population genetic analyses showed that the SNP69C allele was likely a variant occurring after the initial maize domestication and accumulated with the spread of maize cultivation from tropical to temperate regions.

This study provides the first evidence that genetic polymorphisms in the exon of ZmSiR could influence the protein abundance through a posttranscriptional mechanism and in part contribute to natural variation in sulfur assimilation. These findings provide a prospective target to improve maize varieties with proper sulfur nutrient levels assisted by molecular breeding and engineering.
PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport regulations in plant tropic responses
Authors: Han Huibin , Adamowski Maciek , Qi Linlin , Alotaibi Saqer S. , Friml Jiří
Published: July 2021

Tropisms, growth responses to environmental stimuli such as light or gravity, are spectacular examples of adaptive plant development. The plant hormone auxin serves as a major coordinative signal. The PIN auxin exporters, through their dynamic polar subcellular localizations, redirect auxin fluxes in response to environmental stimuli and the resulting auxin gradients across organs underlie differential cell elongation and bending. In this review, we discuss recent advances concerning regulations of PIN polarity during tropisms, focusing on PIN phosphorylation and trafficking. We also cover how environmental cues regulate PIN actions during tropisms, as well as the crucial role of auxin feedback on PIN polarity during bending termination. Finally, the interactions between different tropisms are reviewed to understand plant adaptive growth in the natural environment.
Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis
Authors: Miranda‐Rius Jaume , Brunet‐Llobet Lluís , Blanc Vanessa , Álvarez Gerard , Moncunill‐Mira Jordi , Mashala Elias I , Kasebele Yona , Masenga Gileard , Nadal Alfons , León Rubén
Published: July 2021

Aim

To investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status.

Material and Methods

Thirty‐six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Additionally, placenta specimens were analyzed histologically for chorioamnionitis by a single pathologist blinded to the clinical data.

Results

The greatest differences were observed in the group of mothers with periodontitis. The microbial load was low in all three groups of mothers. Periodontitis had a notable influence on the structure of the placental microbiota. Three phyla and 44 genera were associated with periodontitis, whereas only the Tenericutes phylum was associated with the adverse pregnancy variable. Streptococcaceae and Mycoplasmataceae families were associated with both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, although the differences for chorioamnionitis were not significant, this intra‐amniotic infection was more frequent in the placentas from mothers with periodontitis.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that bacteria from the oral cavity may involve the feto‐placental unit, and that periodontitis may be a modulating factor of the microbial community present in this niche.
“I have learned my lesson”: How clients' trust betrayals shape the future ways in which street‐level bureaucrats cope with their clients
Authors: Davidovitz Maayan , Cohen Nissim
Published: July 2021

Trust betrayal is a subjective feeling of a street‐level bureaucrat (SLB) that a client acted contrary to expectations, diminishing the former's belief in the latter's good intentions. How do SLBs experience a betrayal of trust by clients? How do such betrayals shape the future ways in which SLBs cope with clients? We investigate these questions empirically using semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews and focus groups with Israeli social service providers. The findings reveal four types of client trust betrayal: integrity‐based, previous impression‐based, legitimate behavior‐based, and category‐based. We identify five strategies SLBs employ to cope with clients following such betrayals. With specific clients who betrayed their trust, they adopt minimal, formal, and guarded behavior; they satisfy the client's demands; they sever the relationship with the client entirely. With future clients, they exhibit careful, less “naïve” behavior and adopt a boundary‐setting approach. The negative implications for public service delivery may be far‐reaching.
Discovery of proteinaceous moieties in Late Cretaceous dinosaur eggshell
Authors: Dhiman Harsha , Dutta Suryendu , Kumar Sumit , Verma Vishal , Prasad Guntupalli V. R.
Published: July 2021

The documentation of proteinaceous soft tissues in fossils from deep time remains controversial. Often this has been attributed to the laboratory or other modes of modern contamination. Here we provide incontrovertible evidence for the preservation of proteinaceous moieties in Maastrichtian dinosaur eggshell using pyrolysis‐GC×GC‐TOFMS. The presence of nitrogen‐bearing organic molecules along with diketodipyrrole suggests that the proteinaceous moieties can survive diagenesis. The preservation of these proteinaceous moieties has been attributed to deposition in a palustrine flat environment under subaerial conditions and entrapment of organic material by the eggshell calcitic units. The present study demonstrates that the preservation of nitrogen‐bearing macromolecules in Mesozoic fossil remains is not impossible provided that the depositional environments and diagenetic processes are propitious. The survival of nitrogen‐bearing macromolecules in deep time under subaerial depositional settings will open a new avenue of research on soft tissue preservation.
The Perceived Fairness of Active Representation: Evidence From a Survey Experiment
Authors: Van Ryzin Gregg G.
Published: July 2021

Representative bureaucracy has been investigated empirically and debated normatively, but there exists little evidence about how the general public views representative bureaucracy—especially the legitimacy of active representation. Using a survey experiment, this article explores people's fairness judgments of active representation in two important social and policy contexts: education and gender, and policing and race. Results from an online sample of U.S. adults show that, in the case of education, a female teacher helping a female student was judged to be unfair, with the negative effect mainly coming from the male respondents in the study. In the case of policing, a white officer acting favorably toward a white citizen was judged to be unfair, with the negative effect driven largely by black and Hispanic respondents in the study. Implications for representative bureaucracy theory and research, as well as policy and practice, are discussed.
An appraisal of the variable response of microalgal lipids to culture salinity
Authors: Cañavate José‐Pedro , Fernández‐Díaz Catalina
Published: July 2021

Salinity is a basic factor in microalgal aquaculture production that is easier to manage than other external factors. Optimized use of salinity is key to achieving widespread microalgal production that is more sustainable by avoiding freshwater inputs. Since salinity influences the content of many high‐value lipid compounds in microalgae, assessing how the diverse plasticity of salt metabolism in numerous marine and freshwater microalgae is reflected in their broad lipid repertoire is an important issue that has yet to be addressed. Current studies indicate that a low phylogenetic diversity has been covered, as well as a high variability in the effects of salinity on some specific lipid types. In cultured marine microalgae, hypersalinity affects lipid profiles more than hyposalinity. Growth restriction due to salt stress represents an important interaction that reduces productivity and often masks the direct effects of salinity on total lipid and triglyceride contents. Sulpholipids and phosphatidylglycerol are the lipid classes whose changes are most related to salinity, while knowledge about the response of phospholipids, betaine lipids and sterols is incipient. Among saturated fatty acids, salinity induces greater interspecific variability in 14:0 in comparison with 16:0 and 18:0. Monounsaturated fatty acids change the most with salinity. 18‐C polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to increase with salinity in marine microalgae and to decrease in freshwater species. Growing euryhaline microalgae in brackish water is a sustainable and favourable option to produce a variety of lipids of interest, including 20‐C and 22‐C polyunsaturated fatty acids with maximum nutritional value.
Exchange rate pass‐through to import prices: Evidence from a heterogeneous panel of West African countries
Authors: Kinda Mohamed Tidjane , Barry Hamidou
Published: July 2021

This study analyzes the effect of exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) on the import prices of West African countries. We used a heterogeneous dynamic panel over the period 1991–2018 and estimated the ERPT using the pooled mean group, mean group, and augmented mean group. The results show that an exchange rate appreciation of 1% in the short term leads to a decrease in the price of imports by 0.25% and 0.20%, respectively, for the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries and those outside the WAEMU zone. However, considering other countries, we find that the ERPT has a long‐term effect and causes a rise in import prices of 0.83%. This effect depends on the level of inflation. Thus, the pass‐through effect appears to be heterogeneous across countries.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPB1*1219:01 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Scherer Vanessa , Flesch Brigitte K.
Published: July 2021

The new allele differs from DPB1*296:01 by a c.292G>A substitution in exon 2.
Analyzing spatial mobility patterns with time‐varying graphical lasso: Application to COVID‐19 spread
Authors: Degano Iván L. , Lotito Pablo A.
Published: July 2021

This work applies the time‐varying graphical lasso (TVGL) method, an extension of the traditional graphical lasso approach, to address learning time‐varying graphs from spatiotemporal measurements. Given georeferenced data, the TVGL method can estimate a time‐varying network where an edge represents a partial correlation between two nodes. To achieve this, we use a COVID‐19 data set from the Argentine province of Chaco. As an application, we use the estimated network to study the impact of COVID‐19 confinement measures and evaluate whether the measures produced the expected result.
Comparing the space‐time patterns of high‐risk areas in different waves of COVID‐19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Kan Zihan , Kwan Mei‐Po , Huang Jianwei , Wong Man Sing , Liu Dong
Published: July 2021

This study compares the space‐time patterns and characteristics of high‐risk areas of COVID‐19 transmission in Hong Kong between January 23 and April 14 (the first and second waves) and between July 6 and August 29 (the third wave). Using space‐time scan statistics and the contact tracing data of individual confirmed cases, we detect the clusters of residences of, and places visited by, both imported and local cases. We also identify the built‐environment and demographic characteristics of the high‐risk areas during different waves of COVID‐19. We find considerable differences in the space‐time patterns and characteristics of high‐risk residential areas between waves. However, venues and buildings visited by the confirmed cases in different waves have similar characteristics. The results can inform policymakers to target mitigation measures in high‐risk areas and at vulnerable groups, and provide guidance to the public to avoid visiting and conducting activities at high‐risk places.
Impact of COVID‐19 and lockdown regarding blood transfusion
Authors: Delabranche Xavier , Kientz Daniel , Tacquard Charles , Bertrand Françoise , Roche Anne‐Claude , Tran Ba Loc Pierre , Humbrecht Catherine , Sirlin Florian , Pivot Xavier , Collange Olivier , Levy François , Oulehri Walid , Gachet Christian , Mertes Paul‐Michel
Published: July 2021

Background

The outbreak of a SARS‐CoV‐2 resulted in a massive afflux of patients in hospital and intensive care units with many challenges. Blood transfusion was one of them regarding both blood banks (safety, collection, and stocks) and consumption (usual care and unknown specific demand of COVID‐19 patients). The risk of mismatch was sufficient to plan blood transfusion restrictions if stocks became limited.

Study design and methods

Analyses of blood transfusion in a tertiary hospital and blood collection in the referring blood bank between February 24 and May 31, 2020.

Results

Withdrawal of elective surgery and non‐urgent care and admission of 2291 COVID‐19 patients reduced global activity by 33% but transfusion by 17% only. Only 237 (10.3) % of COVID‐19 patients required blood transfusion, including 45 (2.0%) with acute bleeding. Lockdown and cancellation of mobile collection resulted in an 11% reduction in blood donation compared to 2019. The ratio of reduction in blood transfusion to blood donation remained positive and stocks were slightly enhanced.

Discussion

Reduction of admissions due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic results only in a moderate decrease of blood transfusion. Incompressible blood transfusions concern urgent surgery, acute bleeding (including some patients with COVID‐19, especially under high anticoagulation), or are supportive for chemotherapy‐induced aplasia or chronic anemia. Lockdown results in a decrease of blood donation by cancellation of mobile donation but with little impact on a short period by mobilization of usual donors. No mismatch between demand and donation was evidenced and no planned restriction to blood transfusion was necessary.
Effect of environmental factors on rhizome bud germination and shoot emergence of invasive Imperata cylindrica
Authors: Hamidavi Haidar , Eslami Seyed Vahid , Jami‐Al‐Ahmadi Majid
Published: July 2021

Imperata cylindrica causes severe damage to the date palm and sugarcane fields of Iran. As the aggressive and invasive nature of this species is chiefly attributed to its rhizomes, a better understanding of the effect of environmental factors on rhizome sprouting and emergence can be very helpful for its management. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of environmental factors on Imperata cylindrica rhizome sprouting and emergence. Imperata cylindrica rhizomes showed greater sprouting (82.5%) under a light/dark regime compared with only 10% sprouting in continuous darkness. Exposure to a range of salinity levels showed that I. cylindrica rhizome sprouting was greater than 50% at 6 dS/m but only reached 15% at 15 dS/m, indicating the sensitivity of I. cylindrica rhizomes to salinity stress at sprouting stage. Sprouting was greater than 50% up to −0.9 MPa osmotic potential and even approximately 5% of buds sprouted at −1.2 MPa. Experiments on soil water availability in the greenhouse also showed that I. cylindrica plants even survived irrigation intervals as long as 24 days, indicating I. cylindrica has a greater tolerance to drought stress conditions than many crop and weed species. The viability of rhizomes was significantly reduced when exposed to temperatures ≥40°C, although complete rhizome mortality required temperatures >80°C. No shoot emergence was observed from rhizomes buried at depths ≥20 cm, which suggests that mouldboard ploughing to bury the rhizomes at greater depths is required to prevent I. cylindrica emergence and growth. Based on these results, managing depth placement of I. cylindrica rhizomes so they are either near the soil surface or buried >20 cm deep may assist in controlling its spread.
Arte e tecnodiversidade na ativação da cultura indígena kaingáng
Authors: Mallmann Kalinka , Machado Oliveira Andreia , Sirai Sales Joceli
Published: July 2021

Este artículo aborda una práctica artística colaborativa con las comunidades indí- genas Kaingángs en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, denominada “DNA: Afetivo Kamê e Kanhru”, que propone acciones en arte y tecnología que dialogan directamente con la cultura indígena Kaingáng. Dicha práctica dio origen a un juego digital que tiene como objetivo activar los saberes indígenas tradicionales en medio de los procesos contemporáneos globales. De este modo, buscamos reflexionar sobre el papel de las tecnologías emergentes en las culturas minoritarias en la actualidad y la urgencia de un discurso que proponga un avance tecnológico no universal y generalista. En este punto, traemos el concepto de cosmotécnica, del filósofo chino Yuk Hui, que propone reflexionar sobre cómo las tecnologías actuales corren el riesgo de ser opresivas y verticalizadas, replicando los procesos invasivos de colonización y civilización de nuestros pueblos originarios. El presente artículo también se apoya en conceptos de autores como Gilbert Simondon, filósofo de la tecnología, Grant H. Kester, teórico del arte socialmente comprometido, y con contribuciones de autores de la etnia Kain- gáng, que describen la cosmología Kaingáng de una manera única y enriquecedora. A partir de los discursos establecidos entre el arte colaborativo, la tecnología, la cultura y la cosmología Kaingáng, se entiende que las prácticas en el arte, que se desarrollan de manera colaborativa en la comunidad, sugieren el protagonismo de estos grupos, ligados a su cultura específica. Por tanto, es posible que tales prácticas ligadas al uso de tecnologías puedan estar contribuyendo a una tecno diversidad, es decir, una tecnología más inclusiva, múltiple y democrática
Discusiones sobre políticas de etnicidad, procesos culturales y apropiación audiovisual en comunidades Amerindias en Colombia
Authors: Triana Gallego Laura Ximena
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo introducir algunas discusiones sobre procesos audiovisuales de comunidades amerindias en Colombia a la luz del cada vez más extenso repertorio latinoamericano en contextos políticos diversos. Esta es una investigación en proceso para la cual he venido utilizando distintas herramientas metodológicas como la etnografía y otros métodos no textuales recientes como la elicitación fotográfica. En primer lugar, presento la manera en que las políticas de la etnicidad en la región y en particular en Colombia, que se expresan a través de conceptos estáticos y homogeneizantes, tienen un alcance limitado para la pluralidad de experiencias de la indigenidad, por lo que las comunidades han venido construyendo procesos culturales para la revitalización de sus saberes particulares fuera de los límites espacio-temporales y para el ejercicio de sus agencias en el aquí y el ahora. Dentro de estas iniciativas culturales, se han venido apropiando herramientas audiovisuales que, en principio, fueron transferidas a través de instituciones y actores ex- ternos, pero que hoy se despliegan en diversos escenarios de interacción y negociación. En Colombia, a pesar de que el movimiento audiovisual de la indigenidad oscila entre fisuras y alianzas, existe actualmente una afluencia de experiencias locales en que la cámara ejerce un rol en procesos socioculturales y políticos concretos. Luego, de acuerdo con algunos avances de mis casos de investigación en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y en Bogotá, concluyo que la comunicación audiovisual es más bien un medio para la preservación de memoria cultural y para fomentar diálogos sobre el territorio rural, así como para establecer nuevos espacios simbólicos de participación e inclusión en la ciudad, respectivamente.
Procesos de invención decoloniales sobre visualidades indígenas. Hacia una reconfiguración de los imaginarios hegemónicos en el nordeste argentino
Authors: Reyero Alejandra , Navas Maia
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo es discutir la potencialidad de prácticas artísticas contemporáneas que plantean ejercicios decoloniales al desestabilizar las matrices perceptivas eurocéntricas sobre grupos étnicos latinoamericanos. Desde la perspectiva de los estudios visuales, aborda la tentativa de demolición crítica de la cultura visual y los regímenes de visibilidad regidos por la lógica de la hipercomunicación y las tecnologías digitales. El punto de partida es el análisis del videoensayo Ashipegaxanacxanec iniciado en 2020 a partir de las acciones de control implementadas en la pandemia de covid-19. La producción se inscribe en las líneas de investigación del Núcleo de Estudios y Documentación de la Imagen (Nedim), Conicet-UNNE, con la finalidad de resignificar el acervo fotográfico del antropólogo alemán Lehmann Nitsche obtenido en el contexto de la masacre indígena en la Reducción de Napalpí, Chaco, en 1924. Metodológicamente, la propuesta explora la configuración experiencial de visualidades expandidas en la escena contemporánea, a partir de un anclaje en la dimensión especulativa en sintonía con un acercamiento contextual situado en las relaciones de convergencia entre pro- cedimientos, materiales, formatos, dispositivos e instancias disruptivas de prácticas y trayectorias estéticas. Ello supone la activación de procesos heurísticos y poéticos mediados por el ensayo y la escritura como montaje. Propuestas como el videoensayo analizado instauran la pregunta por el archivo y la memoria a través del montaje de temporalidades contradictorias. Su lugar de enunciación se posiciona como posibilidad de insurgencia estética que clausura tentativas de exotización hegemónica por parte de los dispositivos de control contemporáneos.
Migraciones hacia adentro: el canibalismo audiovisual desde la perspectiva de dos realizadores indígenas colombianos
Authors: Alegría Vallejo César
Published: July 2021

Las naciones indígenas en Colombia se “alzaron en cámaras de video” pasando de representados a agenciar su representación. Pueblos e individuos han delineado estrategias de apropiación y comunicación. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un análisis sobre la apropiación audiovisual por parte de dos realizadores independientes: Mileidy Orozco Domicó del pueblo emberá-eyabida y Luis Tróchez Tunubalá del pueblo misak. Estas formas de incorporación se estudian a la luz de la perspectiva teórica antropofágica de Oswald de Andrade en relación con la trayectoria del video indígena, analizada por medio de fuentes secundarias y en correspondencia con la experiencia de los realizadores, cartografiada a partir de entrevistas abiertas y comunicaciones personales, de acuerdo con las posibilidades de interacción investigador/autores. Lo anterior permite comprender cómo se fagocita al otro y se apropia lo ajeno, se adquiere un punto de vista y unas formas de operar con el video, cuyo resultado son productos mestizos, enunciados en primera persona, que responden a las necesidades políticas y afectivas de los autores, quienes reflexionan en su obra y discurso sobre temas como el exilio, la migración y el racismo en un espacio-tiempo globalizado, permitiendo comprender la experiencia indígena contemporánea por medio de un lenguaje secular, el video, que posibilita no solo producir obras sino dialogar con ellas.
Model Predictive Control of Melt Pool Size for the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Under Process Uncertainty
Authors: Xi Zhimin
Published: July 2021

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is one of popular additive manufacturing techniques for building metal parts through the layer-by-layer melting and solidification process. To date, there are plenty of successful product prototypes manufactured by the LPBF process. However, the lack of confidence in its quality and long-term reliability could be one of the major reasons prevent the LPBF process from being widely adopted in industry. The existing LPBF process is an open loop control system with some in situ monitoring capability. Hence, manufacturing quality and long-term reliability of the part cannot be guaranteed if there is any disturbance during the process. Such limitation can be overcome if a feedback control system can be implemented. This article studies the control effectiveness of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and the model predictive control (MPC) for the LPBF process based on a physics-based machine learning model. The control objective is to maintain the melt pool width and depth at required level under process uncertainties from the powder and laser. A sampling-based dynamic control window approach is further proposed for MPC as a practical approach to approximate the optimal control actions within limited time constraint. Control effectiveness, pros, and cons of the PID control and the MPC for the LPBF process are investigated and compared through various control scenarios. It is demonstrated that the MPC is more effective than the PID control under the same conditions, but the MPC demands a valid digit twin of the LPBF process.
A Transfer Learning-Based Multi-Fidelity Point-Cloud Neural Network Approach for Melt Pool Modeling in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Huang Xufeng , Xie Tingli , Wang Zhuo , Chen Lei , Zhou Qi , Hu Zhen
Published: July 2021

Melt pool modeling is critical for model-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) and quality control in metallic additive manufacturing (AM). Finite element (FE) simulation for thermal modeling in metal AM, however, is tedious and time-consuming. This paper presents a multifidelity point-cloud neural network method (MF-PointNN) for surrogate modeling of melt pool based on FE simulation data. It merges the feature representations of the low-fidelity (LF) analytical model and high-fidelity (HF) FE simulation data through the theory of transfer learning (TL). A basic PointNN is first trained using LF data to construct a correlation between the inputs and thermal field of analytical models. Then, the basic PointNN is updated and fine-tuned using the small size of HF data to build the MF-PointNN. The trained MF-PointNN allows for efficient mapping from input variables and spatial positions to thermal histories, and thereby efficiently predicts the three-dimensional melt pool. Results of melt pool modeling of electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) of Ti-6Al-4V under uncertainty demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Effect of Cyclic Stress on Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of SAC305 Solder
Authors: Chen G. , Wang Y. Y. , Wang X. H. , Cui Y. , Shi S. W. , Yang J. , Xu W. L. , Lin Q.
Published: July 2021

The effects of cyclic stress on the polarization curve of SAC305 lead-free solder are investigated. It is found that stress increases the corrosion tendency of the material. The cyclic loading affects the corrosion current density response, which is manifested by the instantaneous surge of stress-induced current density. The cyclic stress with peak stress above yield strength significantly increases the stress-induced current density and promotes the occurrence of corrosion events. Furthermore, the effect of strain accumulation on passive film is in situ characterized by real-time observation and digital image correlation (DIC) technique, which provides effective evidence for failure.
A Smart Temperature-Regulating Garment for Portable, High-Efficiency and Comfortable Cooling
Authors: Shu Weicheng , Zhang Xinfeng , Yang Xuan , Luo Xiaobing
Published: July 2021

In a conventional liquid cooling garment (LCG), overcooling of the water inlet temperature shortens the working time and worsens thermal comfort. Such problems have not been well solved so far. In this study, we propose a smart cooling garment with a developed temperature regulation system, effectively reducing un-necessary loss of power consumption and hence extending the work duration. Testing on a thermal manikin was conducted to evaluate the performance of temperature-regulating LCG. The results showed that, compared to the conventional LCG, the proposed system achieved the rapid and accurate adjustment of water temperature, improved the working time by more than 37% with the total weight barely increased, and ensured the thermal comfort of the wearers. The developed LCG opens the possibility for the smart control of the temperature, fitting for the user's preferences regarding the working time and thermal comfort sensations.
Performance Analysis of Wave Rotor Based on Response Surface Optimization Method
Authors: Liu Peiqi , Feng Mingyu , Liu Xinyu , Wang Haitao , Hu Dapeng
Published: July 2021

An optimized wave rotor refrigerator (WRR) that can convert part of the expansion work into shaft work to improve the refrigeration performance is obtained by the optimization method. Bézier curve is used to establish a two-dimensional simplified model, and response surface method and Non-linear Programming by Quadratic Lagrange (NLPQL) optimization algorithm are used to search for the optimal wave rotor structure. The results show that the optimized wave rotor shape is rear-back bending. Compared with the original rotor, the isentropic expansion efficiency of the optimized rotor is higher under different pressure ratios and relative velocity, and changes more gently under different pressure ratios. Moreover, the expansion power of the optimized rotor is mainly converted into shaft power, while the pressure energy and thermal energy increase at the hot end are relatively small. The pressure fluctuations on the inlet and outlet sides of the optimized rotor are smoother, and the compression waves that are constantly reflected during the low-temperature exhaust stage have a smaller intensity, which helps to improve the performance of WRR. The optimized rotor can significantly reduce the entropy production in the refrigeration process, especially the entropy production by velocity gradients. When the pressure ratio is 2.0 and relative velocity is 23 m/s, the isentropic expansion efficiency increases from 56.8% of the original rotor to 62.08% of the optimized rotor.
Heat Transfer Performance of Green Bioglycol-Based TiO2–SiO2 Nanofluids
Authors: Zainon S. N. M. , Azmi W. H.
Published: July 2021

The dispersion of nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids has been proven to improve the performance of the fluids. However, the study on the heat transfer performance of hybrid nanofluids in the mixture of water and green bioglycol (BG) is limited in the literature. This paper presents the heat transfer performance and friction factor of green BG-based TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids. The TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the mixture of 60:40 water: bioglycol (W/BG) and prepared at various concentrations up to 2.5% and composition ratios of 20:80. The experimental study on forced convection heat transfer was done under turbulent flow at constant heat flux for operating temperature of 70 °C. The heat transfer enhancement increased significantly with volume concentrations. The maximum heat transfer enhancements of the TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids at bulk temperature of 70 °C were observed to be up to 67.81% for 2.5% volume concentration. A slight friction factor escalation of the nanofluids was observed with 12% maximum increment. New correlations were developed to estimate the Nusselt number, and friction factor with average deviations of less than 4.3%. As a conclusion, the employment of the ecofriendly coolant nanofluids in improving thermal performance is proven and applicable for turbulent forced convection heat transfer applications.