bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributing factors for reduction in maternal mortality ratio in India
Authors: Tolani Himanshu , Neogi Sutapa Bandyopadhyay , Pandey Anuj Kumar , Khan Pijush Kanti , Mishra Sidharth Sekhar
Published: June 2024

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimates have been studied over time for understanding its variation across the country. However, it is never sufficient without accounting for presence of variability across in terms of space, time, maternal and system level factors. The study endeavours to estimate and quantify the effect of exposures encompassing all maternal health indicators and system level indicators along with space–time effects influencing MMR in India. Using the most recent level of possible -factors of MMR, maternal health indicators from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS: 2019–21) and system level indicators from government reports a heatmap compared the relative performance of all 19 SRS states. Facet plots with a regression line was utilised for studying patterns of MMR for different states in one frame. Using Bayesian Spatio-temporal random effects, evidence for different MMR patterns and quantification of spatial risks among individual states was produced using estimates of MMR from SRS reports (2014–2020). India has witnessed a decline in MMR, and for the majority of the states, this drop is linear. Few states exhibit cyclical trend such as increasing trends for Haryana and West Bengal which was evident from the two analytical models i.e., facet plots and Bayesian spatio- temporal model. Period of major transition in MMR levels which was common to all states is identified as 2009–2013. Bihar and Assam have estimated posterior probabilities for spatial risk that are relatively greater than other SRS states and are classified as hot spots. More than the individual level factors, health system factors account for a greater reduction in MMR. For more robust findings district level reliable estimates are required. As evident from our study the two most strong health system influencers for reducing MMR in India are Institutional delivery and Skilled birth attendance.
miR-124-3p downregulates EGR1 to suppress ischemia-hypoxia reperfusion injury in human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yang Qiaoke , Murata Kozue , Ikeda Tadashi , Minatoya Kenji , Masumoto Hidetoshi
Published: June 2024

Ischemic heart diseases are a major global cause of death, and despite timely revascularization, heart failure due to ischemia-hypoxia reperfusion (IH/R) injury remains a concern. The study focused on the role of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) in IH/R-induced apoptosis in human cardiomyocytes (CMs). Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CMs were cultured under IH/R conditions, revealing higher EGR1 expression in the IH/R group through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). Immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) showed an increased ratio of cleaved Caspase-3-positive apoptotic cells in the IH/R group. Using siRNA for EGR1 successfully downregulated EGR1, suppressing cleaved Caspase-3-positive apoptotic cell ratio. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that EGR1 is a plausible target of miR-124-3p under IH/R conditions. The miR-124-3p mimic, predicted to antagonize EGR1 mRNA, downregulated EGR1 under IH/R conditions in qRT-PCR and WB, as confirmed by IFA. The suppression of EGR1 by the miR-124-3p mimic subsequently reduced CM apoptosis. The study suggests that treatment with miR-124-3p targeting EGR1 could be a potential novel therapeutic approach for cardioprotection in ischemic heart diseases in the future.
Machine learning analysis of thermophysical and thermohydraulic properties in ethylene glycol- and glycerol-based SiO2 nanofluids
Authors: Akilu Suleiman , Sharma K. V. , Baheta Aklilu Tesfamichael , Kanti Praveen Kumar , Paramasivam Prabhu
Published: June 2024

The study investigates the heat transfer and friction factor properties of ethylene glycol and glycerol-based silicon dioxide nanofluids flowing in a circular tube under continuous heat flux circumstances. This study tackles the important requirement for effective thermal management in areas such as electronics cooling, the automobile industry, and renewable energy systems. Previous research has encountered difficulties in enhancing thermal performance while handling the increased friction factor associated with nanofluids. This study conducted experiments in the Reynolds number range of 1300 to 21,000 with particle volume concentrations of up to 1.0%. Nanofluids exhibited superior heat transfer coefficients and friction factor values than the base liquid values. The highest enhancement in heat transfer was 5.4% and 8.3% for glycerol and ethylene glycol -based silicon dioxide Nanofluid with a relative friction factor penalty of ∼30% and 75%, respectively. To model and predict the complicated, nonlinear experimental data, five machine learning approaches were used: linear regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting, and decision tree. Among them, the decision tree-based model performed well with few errors, while the random forest and extreme gradient boosting models were also highly accurate. The findings indicate that these advanced machine learning models can accurately anticipate the thermal performance of nanofluids, providing a dependable tool for improving their use in a variety of thermal systems. This study's findings help to design more effective cooling solutions and improve the sustainability of energy systems.
Underestimation of extremes in sea level surge reconstruction
Authors: Harter Ludovic , Pineau-Guillou Lucia , Chapron Bertrand
Published: June 2024

Statistical models are an alternative to numerical models for reconstructing storm surges at a low computational cost. These models directly link surges to metocean variables, i.e., predictors such as atmospheric pressure, wind and waves. Such reconstructions usually underestimate extreme surges. Here, we explore how to reduce biases on extremes using two methods—multiple linear regressions and neural networks—for surge reconstructions. Models with different configurations are tested at 14 long-term tide gauges in the North-East Atlantic. We found that (1) using the wind stress rather than the wind speed as predictor reduces the bias on extremes. (2) Adding the significant wave height as a predictor can reduce biases on extremes at a few locations tested. (3) Building on these statistical models, we show that atmospheric reanalyses likely underestimate extremes over the 19th century. Finally, it is demonstrated that neural networks can effectively predict extreme surges without wind information, but considering the atmospheric pressure input extracted over a sufficiently large area around a given station. This last point may offer new insights into air-sea interaction studies and wind stress parametrization.
Outsourced carbon mitigation efforts of Chinese cities from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Xia Chengqi , Zheng Heran , Meng Jing , Shan Yuli , Liang Xi , Li Jin , Yin Zihua , Chen Minggu , Du Pengfei , Wang Can
Published: June 2024

Outsourced carbon mitigation between cities means that some cities benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities more than their own. This problem conceals the recognition of cities’ mitigation contributions. Here we quantify local and outsourced carbon mitigation levels from 2012 to 2017 and identified ‘outsourced mitigation beneficiaries’ relying on outsourced efforts more than their own among 309 Chinese cities by using a city-level input–output model. It found that the share of outsourced emissions rose from 78.6% to 81.9% during this period. In particular, 240 cities (77.7%) were outsourced mitigation beneficiaries, of which 65 were strong beneficiaries (their local carbon emissions still grew) and 175 cities were weak beneficiaries (with larger outsourced mitigation efforts than local mitigation efforts). Strong beneficiaries were often industrializing cities with more agriculture and light manufacturing, focusing on local economic growth. In contrast, weak beneficiaries were mainly at the downstream of supply chains with services and high-tech manufacturing, which have stronger connections with upstream heavy industry cities. The findings suggest the need for policies to manage outsourced mitigation of supply chains and encourage transformation, improving the fair acknowledgment of cities’ carbon mitigation efforts.
Selection of functional sperm by using hyaluronic acid modified magnetic microbeads and an electromagnetic manipulation system
Authors: Fan Jing , Chen Kexin , Cheng Yanjun , Kong Yanqing , Zhang Huakun , Wu Zhengzhong , Lei Chuan , Qin Chunrong , Li Xuemei
Published: June 2024

A functional sperm selection strategy was established based on hyaluronic acid (HA) modified magnetic microbeads (MBs) and a supporting two-dimensional electromagnetic manipulation device system.
Microsyringe-assisted visual volume detection based on phase separation: the case of chymosin milk-clotting activity study
Authors: Gao Shan , Li Ruotong , Tai Wenjun , Song Ping , Hu Qiongzheng , Yu Li
Published: June 2024

Schematic principle of the MiViD method based on phase separation for monitoring MCA of chymosin.
Ratiometric electrochemical biosensor based on hybridization chain reaction signal amplification for sensitive microRNA-155 detection
Authors: Ma Yan , Li Mengyao , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: June 2024

In this work, a sensitive ratiometric electrochemical biosensor for microRNA-155 (miRNA-155) detection is reported based on a hybridization chain reaction amplifying the electrochemical signal.
Research on online monitoring of aircraft skin laser paint removal thickness using standard curve method and PCA-SVR based on LIBS
Authors: Yang Wenfeng , Li Guo , Qian Ziran , Cao Yu , Lin Dehui , Li Shaolong , Zheng Xin , Zhu Dehua , Xie Minyue , Yang Yikai
Published: June 2024

This paper highlights a high-frequency nanosecond infrared pulsed laser paint removal LIBS monitoring platform and investigates the on-line monitoring of laser paint removal thickness on aluminium alloy panels coated with a double layer of paint.
Ru(0)-catalysed synthesis of borylated polyene building blocks by cross-dimerisation toward cross-coupling
Authors: Hirano Masafumi , Kiyota Sayori
Published: June 2024

A series of borylated polyenes is synthesised by cross-dimerisation as a synthetic building block for cross-coupling reactions.
Temperature-driven journey of dark excitons to efficient photocatalytic water splitting in β-AsP
Authors: Seksaria Harshita , Kishore Amal , De Sarkar Abir
Published: June 2024

The enhanced effect of electron-lattice interaction at high temperature proliferates long-lived dark excitons, facilitating efficient photocatalytic water splitting.
Nanosheet assembled microspheres of metal (Zn, Ni, and Cu) indium sulfides for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to methane
Authors: Ray Schindra Kumar , Dahal Rabin , Ashie Moses D. , Pathiraja Gayani , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad
Published: June 2024

Metal indium sulfides (ZnIn2S4, NiIn2S4, and CuInS2) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method for electrochemical reduction of CO2 in to methane.
A comprehensive review on liquid electrolyte design for low-temperature lithium/sodium metal batteries
Authors: Huang Zhenxin , Xiao Zichun , Jin Ruoshan , Li Zhen , Shu Chengyong , Shi Renyi , Wang Xiaowei , Tang Zexun , Tang Wei , Wu Yuping
Published: June 2024

Various liquid electrolyte designs for low-temperature LMBs/SMBs.
Rhizosphere regulation with cerium oxide nanomaterials promoted carrot taproot thickening
Authors: Zhao Mengjun , Chen Feiran , Li Xiaona , Wang Chuanxi , Cao Xuesong , Jiao Liya , Yue Le , Wang Zhenyu
Published: June 2024

Nanomaterials (NMs) provide great potential for sustainable development by regulating rhizosphere processes to improve crop productivity.
Chemical separation of polyurethane via acidolysis – combining acidolysis with hydrolysis for valorisation of aromatic amines
Authors: Bech Thomas B. , Donslund Bjarke S. , Kristensen Steffan K. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: June 2024

Neat acidolysis of flexible PU foam with succinic acid is demonstrated to give quantitative imide formation and high-quality polyols. The easily separable imides are further converted to anilines which may re-enter the PU-value chain.
Continuous-flow directed C–H amidation reactions using immobilized Cp*Rh(iii) catalysts
Authors: Saito Yuki , Konno Taro , Kobayashi Shū
Published: June 2024

A highly efficient heterogeneous Cp*Rh(iii) catalysts were developed for continuous-flow C–H amidation reactions of phenyl pyridines. The catalyst maintained the activity for 200 h continuous reaction without leaching of Rh species.
Ultra-low intensity light pulses for large cargo delivery into hard-to-transfect cells using an rGO mixed PDMS microtip device
Authors: Padma Hima Harshan , Illath Kavitha , Dominic Donia , Chang Hwan-You , Nagai Moeto , Ojha Rajdeep , Kar Srabani , Santra Tuhin Subhra
Published: June 2024

rGO-polymer microtip device for uniform and contactless highly efficient intracellular delivery.
Current status and prospects of MOFs loaded with H2O2-related substances for ferroptosis therapy
Authors: Deng Yu , Huang Sida , Jiang Guanming , Zhou Luyi , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza , Liu Jianqiang , Zhou Zhikun
Published: June 2024

Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism characterized by the accumulation of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides within cells.
Unveiling cutting-edge developments: architectures and nanostructured materials for application in optoelectronic artificial synapses
Authors: Khan Rajwali , Rahman Naveed Ur , Hayat Muhammad Faisal , Ghernaout Djamel , Salih Alsamani A. M. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas , Samad Abdus , Mahmood Muhammad Adil , Rahman Nasir , Sohail Mohammad , Iqbal Shahid , Abdullaev Sherzod , Khan Alamzeb
Published: June 2024

The significant achievements and progress in the field of biomimetic devices, including breakthroughs in research on neural function, neuron designs, prosthetic synapses, and artificial neural programming.
A dual-template synergistic assembly strategy towards the synthesis of extra-small nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres with large pores
Authors: Song Caicheng , Guo Yiwen , Wang Tianwei , Liu Kun , Zhao Pin-Yi , Liu Ying , Huang He , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Shufen
Published: June 2024

Based on the synergistic effect of the combination of surfactants, a dual-template synergistic assembly strategy was used to synthesize extra-small nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres with large pores.
Surface chemistry altering electronic behaviour of liquid metal-derived tin oxide nanosheets
Authors: Wei Xiaotian , Nguyen Chung Kim , Taylor Patrick D. , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Syed Nitu , Le Phuong Y. , Spencer Michelle J. S. , Daeneke Torben , Bao Lei
Published: June 2024

Interactions between solvents with surface Sn atoms are unravelled experimentally and theoretically for impacting the electronic properties of 2D SnO2 nanosheets.
Precision synthesis of a biobased myrcene thermoplastic elastomer by using an amphiphilic macro-RAFT agent via emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Guoyu , Zhang Youfang , Ding Jianyun , Liu Jie , Wang Runguo , Shi Dean , Lei Weiwei , Zhang Liqun
Published: June 2024

A poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(β-myrcene)-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) biobased thermoplastic elastomer was prepared by RAFT emulsion polymerization utilizing a precisely devised amphiphilic macro-RAFT agent and can be modified by hydrolysis.
Palladium(ii)-catalyzed 1,3-heteroaryl acyloxylation of propargylic electrophiles
Authors: Teng Shenghan , Liang Peiyao , Hu Lin , Chen Siyi , Wang Shoulei , Huang Wei
Published: June 2024

Here, we report a regio- and stereo-defined 1,3-heteroaryl acyloxylation of 3-substituted propargylic esters with readily available heteroarenes including indoles, pyrroles, furans and thiophenes under palladium catalysis.
Tracking the conical intersection dynamics for the photoinduced Jahn–Teller switch of a Mn(iii) complex
Authors: Phelps Ryan , Agapaki Eleftheria , Brechin Euan K. , Johansson J. Olof
Published: June 2024

We show that the relative phases of vibrational coherences can be used to observe the motion and timescales towards a conical intersection in the photoinduced Jahn–Teller switch of a Mn(iii) complex using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.
Untangling the catalytic importance of the Se oxidation state in organoselenium-mediated oxygen-transfer reactions: the conversion of aniline to nitrobenzene
Authors: Madabeni Andrea , Tanini Damiano , Capperucci Antonella , Orian Laura
Published: June 2024

Se(iv) seleninic acid is the active catalyst in aniline oxidation by H2O2 due to its favorable peroxide activation kinetics. The slow formation of Se(vi) selenonic acid and its poorer performance in H2O2 activation hinder its catalytic role.
Drop impact on wet granular beds: effects of water-content on cratering
Authors: Zhang Wei , Katsuragi Hiroaki , Yamamoto Ken
Published: June 2024

Drop impact experiments on wet/dry granular beds revealed that liquid splashing and crater morphology vary widely under identical impactor conditions. These differences are explained via substrate fracture and fluid motion timescales.
High sensitivity SnSe2/MWCNTs flexible pressure sensors based on a lotus leaf biomimetic microstructure for electronic skin
Authors: Yang Chunqing , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Bao , Liu Wenzhe , Zhang Hao , Zhang Dongzhi
Published: June 2024

Inspired by the surface microstructure of lotus leaves, a highly sensitive SnSe2/MWCNTs pressure sensor was constructed and used for motion detection and sensor array design.
Integer wavelet transform‐based secret image sharing using rook polynomial and hamming code with authentication
Authors: Charoghchi Sara , Saeidi Zahra , Mashhadi Samaneh
Published: June 2024

As an effective way to securely transfer secret images, secret image sharing (SIS) has been a noteworthy area of research. Basically in a SIS scheme, a secret image is shared via shadows and could be reconstructed by having the required number of them. A major downside of this method is its noise‐like shadows, which draw the malicious users' attention. In order to overcome this problem, SIS schemes with meaningful shadows are introduced in which the shadows are first hidden in innocent‐looking cover images and then shared. In most of these schemes, the cover image cannot be recovered without distortion, which makes them useless in case of utilising critical cover images such as military or medical images. Also, embedding the secret data in Least significant bits of the cover image, in many of these schemes, makes them very fragile to steganlysis. A reversible IWT‐based SIS scheme using Rook polynomial and Hamming code with authentication is proposed. In order to make the scheme robust to steganalysis, the shadow image is embedded in coefficients of Integer wavelet transform of the cover image. Using Rook polynomial makes the scheme more secure and moreover makes authentication very easy and with no need to share private key to participants. Also, utilising Hamming code lets us embed data with much less required modifications on the cover image which results in high‐quality stego images.
An extended and refined grid of 3D STAGGER model atmospheres
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Luisa F. , Lagae Cis , Amarsi Anish M. , Bigot Lionel , Zhou Yixiao , Aguirre Børsen-Koch Víctor , Lind Karin , Trampedach Regner , Collet Remo
Published: June 2024

Context. Traditional one-dimensional hydrostatic model atmospheres introduce systematic modelling errors into spectroscopic analyses of FGK-type stars.

Aims. We present an updated version of the STAGGER-grid of three-dimensional model atmospheres, and explore the accuracy of postprocessing methods in preparation for spectral synthesis.

Methods. New and old models were (re)computed following an updated workflow, including an updated opacity binning technique. Spectroscopic tests were performed in three-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium for a grid of 216 fictitious Fe I lines, spanning a wide range of oscillator strengths, excitation potentials, and central wavelengths, and eight model atmospheres that cover the stellar atmospheric parameter range (Teff, log g, and [Fe/H]) of FGK-type stars. Using this grid, the impact of vertical and horizontal resolutions, and temporal sampling of model atmospheres on spectroscopic diagnostics, was tested.

Results. We find that downsampling the horizontal mesh from its original size of 240 × 240 grid cells to 80 × 80 cells, in other words, sampling every third grid cell, introduces minimal errors on the equivalent width and normalised line flux across the line and stellar parameter space. Regarding temporal sampling, we find that sampling ten statistically independent snapshots is sufficient to accurately model the shape of spectral line profiles. For equivalent widths, a subsample consisting of only two snapshots is sufficient, introducing an abundance error of less than 0.015 dex.

Conclusions. We have computed 32 new model atmospheres and recomputed 116 old ones present in the original grid. The public release of the STAGGER-grid contains 243 models and the processed snapshots can be used to improve the accuracy of spectroscopic analyses.
Timing the Milky Way bar formation and the accompanying radial migration episode
Authors: Haywood Misha , Khoperskov Sergey , Cerqui Valeria , Di Matteo Paola , Katz David , Snaith Owain
Published: June 2024

We derived the metallicity profile of the Milky Way low-α disc population from 2 to 20 kpc from the Galactic centre in 1 Gyr age bins using the astroNN catalogue, and we show that it is highly structured, with a plateau between 4 and 7 kpc and a break at 10–12 kpc. We argue that these features result from the two main bar resonances, the corotation and the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR), respectively. We show that the break in the metallicity profile is most visible in stars having 7–8 Gyr, reaching an amplitude of about 0.4 dex, and it is the signpost of the position of the bar OLR. The bar formation was accompanied by an episode of radial migration triggered by it slowing down and it is responsible for spreading old metal-rich stars up to the OLR. The data show that the slowdown of the bar ended 6–7 Gyr ago. Based on numerical simulations that reproduce well the characteristic break observed in the metallicity profile, we argue that this implies that the bar formed in our Galaxy 8–10 Gyr ago. Analysis of the metallicity distribution as a function of radius shows no evidence of significant systematic outward radial migration after this first episode. We argue that the variation of the metallicity dispersion as a function of the guiding radius is dominated by the migration triggered by the bar, but also that the libration of orbits around the bar resonances induces a mixing that may have a significant impact on the observed metallicity dispersion. In contrast, the absence of a break in the metallicity profile of populations younger than ∼6 Gyr and the flattening of the gradient at younger ages is interpreted as evidence that the strength of the bar has decreased, loosening its barrier effect and allowing the gas and metals on both sides of the OLR to mix, erasing the break. Beyond the OLR, stars younger than 7 Gyr show very small metallicity dispersion, suggesting that no or limited mixing induced by the spiral arms has occurred in the outer disc.
Uncertainties of the dust grain size in protoplanetary disks retrieved from millimeter continuum observations
Authors: Li Dafa , Liu Yao , Wang Hongchi , Fang Min , Wang Lei
Published: June 2024

Context. Investigating the dust grain size and its dependence on substructures in protoplanetary disks is a crucial step in understanding the initial process of planet formation. Spectral indices derived from millimeter observations are used as a common probe for grain size. Converting observed spectral indices into grain sizes is a complex task that involves solving the radiative transfer equation, taking into account the disk structure and dust properties.

Aims. Under the assumption of vertically isothermal disks, the solution to the radiative transfer equation can be approximated with an analytic expression, with which the fitting procedure can be done very fast. Our work aims to investigate the applicability of this method to grain size retrieval.

Methods. We ran reference radiative transfer models with known disk properties, and generated four synthetic images at wavelengths of 0.8, 1.3, 3, and 7.8 mm, representing high-resolution continuum observations. Rings and gaps were considered in the setup. We fit the synthetic images using the analytic solution to investigate the circumstances under which the input grain sizes can be recovered.

Results. Fitting images at only two wavelengths is not sufficient to retrieve the grain size. Fitting three images improves the retrieval of grain size, but the dust surface density is still not well recovered. When taking all of the four images into account, degeneracies between different parameters are highly reduced, and consequently the best-fit grain sizes are consistent with the reference setup at almost all radii. We find that the inclination angle has a significant impact on the fitting results. For disks with low inclinations, the analytic approach works quite well. However, when the disk is tilted above ~60°, neither the grain size nor the dust surface density can be constrained, as the inclination effect will smooth out all substructures in the radial intensity profile of the disk.
Transition region response to quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs
Authors: Bhatnagar Aditi , Rouppe van der Voort Luc , Joshi Jayant
Published: June 2024

Context. Quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs) are key indicators of small-scale photospheric magnetic reconnection events. Recent high-resolution observations have shown that they are ubiquitous and that large numbers of QSEBs can be found in the quiet Sun.

Aims. We aim to understand the impact of QSEBs on the upper solar atmosphere by analyzing their spatial and temporal relationship with the UV brightenings observed in transition region diagnostics.

Methods. We analyzed high-resolution Hβ observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and utilized k-means clustering to detect 1423 QSEBs in a 51 min time series. We used coordinated and co-aligned observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to search for corresponding signatures in the 1400 Å slit-jaw image (SJI) channel and in the Si IV 1394 Å and Mg II 2798.8 Å triplet spectral lines. We identified UV brightenings from SJI 1400 using a threshold of 5σ above the median background.

Results. We focused on 453 long-lived QSEBs (> 1 min) and found 67 cases of UV brightenings from SJI 1400 occurring near the QSEBs, both temporally and spatially. Temporal analysis of these events indicates that QSEBs start before UV brightenings in 57% of cases, while UV brightenings lead in 36% of instances. The majority of the UV brightenings occur within 1000 km of the QSEBs in the direction of the solar limb. We also identify 21 QSEBs covered by the IRIS slit, four of which show emissions in the Si IV 1394 Å and/or Mg II 2798.8 Å triplet lines, at distances within 500 km of the QSEBs in the limb direction.

Conclusions. We conclude that a small fraction (15%) of the long-lived QSEBs contribute to the localized heating observable in transition region diagnostics, indicating they play a minimal role in the global heating of the upper solar atmosphere.
Modelling the connection between propagating disturbances and solar spicules
Authors: Skirvin S. J. , Samanta T. , Van Doorsselaere T.
Published: June 2024

Aims. Propagating (intensity) disturbances (PDs) have been extensively reported in observations of coronal loops and polar plumes, along with more recent links to co-temporal spicule activity in the solar atmosphere. However, despite their appearance in observations, PDs have yet to be studied or modelled in depth.

Methods. In this work, we present results from a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) numerical model. It features a stratified solar atmosphere perturbed by a p-mode wave driver at the photosphere, subsequently forming spicules described by the rebound shock model.

Results. We find the features of the detected PDs to be consistent with the co-temporal transition region dynamics and spicular activity resulting from non-linear wave steepening and shock formation. Furthermore, the PDs could be interpreted as slow magnetoacoustic pulses propagating along the magnetic field, rather than high-speed plasma upflows carrying sufficient energy flux to (at least partially) heat the lower coronal plasma. Using forward modelling, we demonstrate the similarities between the PDs in the simulations and those reported from observations with IRIS and SDO/AIA.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that in the model presented here, the dynamical movement of the transition region is a result of wave dynamics and shock formation in the lower solar atmosphere. We find that PDs are launched co-temporally with the rising of the transition region, regardless of the wave-generating physical mechanisms occurring in the underlying lower solar atmosphere. However, it is clear that signatures of PDs appear much clearer when a photospheric wave driver is included. Finally, we present the importance of PDs in the context of providing a source for powering the (fast) solar wind.
Dynamical friction in the quasi-linear formulation of modified Newtonian dynamics (QuMOND)
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Re Federico , Chiari Caterina
Published: June 2024

Aims. We explore the dynamical friction on a test mass in gravitational systems in the quasi-linear formulation of modified Newtonian dynamics (QuMOND).

Methods. Exploiting the quasi-linearity of QuMOND, we derived a simple expression for the dynamical friction in akin to its Newtonian counterpart in the standard Chandrasekhar derivation. Moreover, adopting a mean field approach based on the Liouville equation, we were able to obtain a more rigorous (albeit in integral form) dynamical friction formula that can be evaluated numerically for a given choice of the QuMOND interpolation function.

Results. We find that our results are consistent with those of previous works. We observe that the dynamical friction is stronger in MOND with respect to a baryon-only Newtonian system with the same mass distribution. This amounts to a correction of the Coulomb logarithmic factor via additional terms that are proportional to the MOND radius of the system. Moreover, with the aid of simple numerical experiments, we confirm our theoretical predictions and those of previous works based on MOND.
Numerical simulation of biomass syngas combustion
Authors: Demin Alexey , Demina Galina , Shakurov Rim
Published: June 2024

The aim of this work was to comparatively assess the environmental characteristics of combustion products in the combustion of synthetic gas with air compared to the combustion of methane with air. Such characteristics have been so far studied for the use of methane as a fuel to a greater extent than for synthetic gases. Syngas was represented by products of a steam biomass gasification (agricultural residues). Numerical simulation of combustion processes was carried out using the kinetic model of a perfectly stirred reactor. The influence of the residence time of the chemically reacting mixture in the reaction volume on the completion of combustion processes and the emission of CO2 and NOx was investigated. For the same thermal power of the energy device, CO2 and NOx emissions from the syngas combustion exceed those from the methane combustion. Mass emission ratios were the following: CO2(syngas)/CO2(metane)≈1.55-1.57; NOx(syngas)/NOx(metane)≈2.56-3.4. The greatest impact on NOx emissions during syngas combustion is caused by higher combustion temperatures compared to the temperatures during methane combustion. To reduce NOx emissions when using syngas, it is necessary to develop and implement technical solutions that are more effective than those currently used for organizing the processes of mixture formation and combustion in energy setups.
Development of a program code for calculating the flow paths of steam turbines with long blades
Authors: Popov Vitaliy , Kovalenko Daniil
Published: June 2024

Paper is devoted to the development of software code for calculating low-pressure cylinders of steam turbines. The program code divides the steam turbine compartment with a long blades into separate stages, and also calculates these stages by sections in height. The code is based on a 2D thermal design calculation technique, supplemented by refined coefficients of turbine cascade velocities. This approach makes it possible to significantly speed up the design and selection of optimal parameters for flow paths with long blades by reducing resource intensity. Thus, the developed code makes it possible to obtain the parameters necessary for profiling the blade apparatus of the flow path of the lowpressure cylinder of a steam turbine. The paper discusses the method of dividing the compartment by heat drops and the method of calculating the stage by cross-section. The flow path of the low-pressure cylinder is profiled. A calculation fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of the designed last stage was performed. The results of the CFD calculation showed the absence of separations in the stage profiled according to the parameters obtained in the developed program code. And a comparison of efficiency based on the results of these two calculations showed a good agreement.
Design and analysis of MPPT for PV system by perturb and observe algorithm
Authors: Ali Nisreen Kareem , Petrov Timur
Published: June 2024

The biggest issue facing the solar system is maximizing the power production of photovoltaic (PV) panels under variable sun radiation and temperature conditions. Maximum power point tracking, or MPPT, is essential to solar systems because it maximizes the power output under particular circumstances, reducing system costs and improving array efficiency. Because the peak power point (MPP) varies with irradiation and cell temperature, suitable techniques must be utilized to track the MPP and sustain system operation in it. The acquired results demonstrate that, in the presence of oscillation, the P & O performance near MPP under constant test circumstances (STC) is superior to that under variable settings. Using MATLAB/Simulink, the way they perform is assessed and compared via digital simulation and theoretical analysis depending on reaction time and effectiveness in diverse temperature and irradiance conditions.
Thermal stabilization of buried storage facilities based on air compression as an alternative refrigerant
Authors: Ivanov Pavel , Asmankin Evgeny , Ushakov Yuriy , Tarasova Saria , Neifeld Elena , Boyko Irina
Published: June 2024

At the present stage, vegetable growing is one of the promising areas of crop production development due to the consistently high yearround demand for fresh vegetables and their processed products. In this regard, it is necessary to pay special attention to measures for post-harvest refinement of the crop, extending the period of its sale and processing, which requires the creation of appropriate storage conditions. The publication discusses the prerequisites and specifics of designing technological systems for small businesses based on the development of deep-seated spherical vegetable storages operating using alternative energy sources.
Lightweight plastering compound using volcanic tuff
Authors: Zhukov Alexey , Ushakov Andrey , Zhuk Peter , Demissie Bekele Arega
Published: June 2024

Lightweight reinforced plaster coatings include a group of special types of textile concrete, which also includes concrete sheets and reinforced plaster coatings, including lightweight and heat-insulating ones. Any type of textile concrete starts with a modified binder, whose composition is currently under development by international and domestic research institutions. Active mineral additives (both natural and by-products of other industries) can be used in the binder, and it is also possible to use construction waste prepared accordingly. Development of the scientific basis for selecting the composition and the formation of a methodology for selecting the composition of the modified binder as the main component of textile concrete, including the use of finely ground construction waste obtained during the dismantling of construction projects, including within the framework of the housing renovation program. The article talks about research that aimed to create a way to choose the binder's ingredients, guess its properties, and get the best light plaster coatings using a new hydraulic binder, volcanic tuff, and construction waste. The use of a composite binder will expand the possibilities of using these materials, and the introduction of finely ground waste will reduce the consumption of Portland cement clinker, which also increases the energy efficiency of such materials.
Assessment of the feasibility of a conservative forecast of changes in the black sea level, taking into account the prehistory of the hydrothermal regime of its catchment area
Authors: Kholoptsev Alexander , Dyakov Nikolay , Lipchenko Alexander
Published: June 2024

Changes in the water surface level at any part of the World Ocean coast significantly affect the intensity of coastal destruction, and can cause considerable damage to the population and ecosystems of coastal zones. When planning measures to protect the Black Sea coast from the dangerous consequences of further sea level rise, its forecast is necessary, which has satisfactory justification and sufficient advance time. Existing predictive models ensure the development of forecasts with the required advance time, but often their justifiability is low. Therefore, the assessment of the feasibility of forecasts of sea level changes corresponding to various scenarios of further changes in the regional climate is an urgent problem of climatology, environmental safety and environmental management. The scenario of further changes in the indicator under consideration, which assumes that their statistical properties will remain the same in the future as they were in the past, is among the likely ones. To develop a forecast of the process under study that corresponds to this scenario and is optimal by the criterion of minimum standard error, the method of linear multiple regression can be applied. The main factors determining changes in the Black Sea level are water balance characteristics, in particular river runoff, whose contribution to the total volume of water entering the sea is significant and depends on the area of the catchment area and the amount of precipitation. The purpose of this work is to develop forecasts of sea level changes based on taking into account changes in the hydrothermal regime of the catchment area, and to assess their feasibility with a 1-year lead time. When assessing the feasibility of forecasts, the prehistory of changes in the Black Sea level according to measurements from the Yalta and Sevastopol marine hydrometeorological stations and the hydrothermal regime of its catchment area are taken into account. The composition of predictors of predictive models has been determined, which ensures satisfactory justification of their forecasts. It has been established that the suspension of the Black Sea level rise in 2011-2023 was largely caused by changes in the hydrothermal regime of its basin.
Study of heat protection of external envelopes of a residential building in the cold period
Authors: Zhangabay Nurlan , Giyasov Adham , Ybray Sultan , Tursunkululy Timur
Published: June 2024

In the study a full-scale thermovisional survey was carried out in the cold period of time of a multi-apartment residential building located in the Northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The result of the survey showed the presence of significant problems on heat protection, where according to the analysis of thermograms of external wall envelopes it was revealed that almost all living rooms have envelopes with a negative value of heat protection, which does not meet existing standards. The analysis of thermograms of all rooms showed the existing problems on thermal stability of external wall envelopes, as the temperature difference between the inner surface of the external envelope and the internal air temperature ranged from 5.5 °C to 19.7 °C, where the difference reached 49 times in some places, depending on the living room. Analysis of thermograms of window openings also showed a lot of deviations. Thus, thermograms of window apertures showed deviations from sanitary-hygienic norms on dew point value from 12°C to 26.2°C depending on the living room. The revealed deviations on thermal protection of external envelopes are the main sources of heat energy loss and indicate the presence of problems on thermal stability of external envelopes in the cold period, which require special attention. In this regard, the obtained results of this study will be further taken into account in the development of new and optimization of existing wall envelope structures, taking into account the climatic features of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Determination of effective temperatures through affordable concurrent techniques in CANS
Authors: Dawidowski Javier , Palomino Luis Rodríguez , Robledo José Ignacio , Schmidt Norberto
Published: June 2024

Experimental techniques involving epithermal neutrons can be used to study the kinetic energies of the atoms that make up the sample material. From the point of view of Nuclear Engineering, this is the range of energies that is necessarily traversed in the moderation process. From the point of view of applied physics, it is an essential range for the design of neutron sources associated with compact accelerators. It is also worth mentioning that experimental access to this energy range is a distinctive feature of accelerator-based sources as opposed to reactor-based sources. The atoms that compose the matter perform motions characterised by a kinetic energy, determined not only by the temperature of the medium, but also by interactions resulting in vibrational modes. We can thus define a parameter that we call effective temperature, linked to this effect. The knowledge of the densities of the vibrational states allows its evaluation, so that spectroscopic techniques aimed at its measurement allow an indirect assessment of it. Yet, there are techniques that allow direct experimental access to these quantities which are Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering (DINS) and Neutron Transmission (NT). The VESUVIO spectrometer (ISIS, UK) allows both techniques to be performed simultaneously in the same experiment. Although ISIS is a large neutron source, such experiments were previously carried out at the defunct LINAC in Bariloche (Argentina), making these techniques affordable for small sources. In this work we show this capability through combined DINS and transmission experiments in a molecular liquid. We also discuss different prospects for future use, extending the possibilities to other techniques.
The JULIC Neutron Platform, a testbed for HBS
Authors: Zakalek Paul , Baggemann Johannes , Li Jingjing , Rücker Ulrich , Gutberlet Thomas , Brückel Thomas
Published: June 2024

The JULIC Neutron Platform was set up at the COSY facility in Jülich as a testbed for the HBS project. Its center is a target station prototype using a tantalum target and a 45 MeV proton beam with a maximum beam power of a few watts. Eight extraction ducts allow the extraction of neutron beams in the fast, epithermal, thermal and cold energy range from the moderator-reflector assembly. Reflectometry and diffractometry measurements, fast and thermal neutron imaging, detector tests and moderator/reflector tests were performed at the JULIC Neutron Platform to show technological feasibility of HBS components and concepts.
Development status of 30 MeV cyclotron-based neutron source in Korea
Authors: Lee Dong Won , Lee Kihyun , Jung Bongki , Lee Jongchul , Park Jeong Hoon , Kim Jongyul , Moon Myung Kook , Lee Chang Hee
Published: June 2024

KAERI has developed plasma heating systems and fusion engineering technologies such as blanket first wall and breeding blanket for nuclear fusion reactor development, as well as nuclear data production. Based on these technologies, we have successfully developed various ion sources-based D-D compact neutron generators and are developing a 30 MeV cyclotron-based neutron source for on-site neutron radiography service. Final construction and phase-1 licensing have been completed, and preliminary tests have demonstrated neutron yield of a 1.6x1012 n/s at 30 MeV and 0.01 mA. Under these conditions, neuron images were acquired at a resolution of 0.3 mm with an exposure time of 5 minutes.
Osteopathische Behandlung eines Hundes nach
Schlangenbiss
Authors: Firnkäs Nina
Published: June 2024

Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt die osteopathische Behandlung einer 3-jährigen Flat
Coated Retriever Hündin mit reduziertem Allgemeinbefinden und Bewegungsunlust
nach einem Schlangenbiss. Die Hündin war sieben Monate vor Behandlungsbeginn von
einer Kreuzotter gebissen worden und zeigte nach erfolgreicher symptomatischer
Therapie der akuten Intoxikation ein dauerhaft reduziertes Allgemeinbefinden.
Nach mehrmaliger osteopathischer Behandlung erfolgte eine vollständige
Genesung.
Die Bindegewebsschwäche beim Hund
Authors: Hohmann Mima
Published: June 2024

Bindegewebe ist ein anpassungsfähiges, dynamisches, lebendiges Gewebe. Doch aus was
besteht Bindegewebe eigentlich und welche unterschiedlichen Aufgaben hat es? Wie
erkennen wir eine Bindegewebsschwäche beim Hund und was sind ihre Ursachen und
Folgen? Welche diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten gibt es?