bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Triglyceride-Based Additives and Their Lubricity Properties for Low Sulfur Fossil Diesel: A Review
Authors: Firmansyah R. Arizal , Perry Burhan R. Y. , Zetra Yulfi , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: April 2022

Reducing the sulfur content in fossil diesel is recognized to create cleaner air. One of the efforts that can be made to reduce sulfur is involving the hydrodesulfurization process in the oil refinery. However, that process is responsible for decreasing the natural lubricating compounds in fossil diesel. Then, it results in the low lubricity of fossil diesel which increases friction and wears scars on the metal surface of machinery components. Therefore, it is necessary to use additives to improve the lubricity properties of fossil diesel. Additives can be derived from vegetable oil-based triglyceride compounds (bio-additives). The primary bio-additives class studied in lubricity improver is the ester group. Many challenges need to be addressed by researchers to obtain such a bio-additive to perform better. This paper focuses on bio-additives and their lubricity properties between 1995 and 2020. We review the bio-additives class and its effect on fossil diesel lubricity, the relationship between structure and lubricity, the bio-additives synthesis route, and the lubricity testing method. Finally, the challenges and future research direction in developing lubricity bio-additives for low sulfur diesel fossil are also highlighted (including the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis and its strategies briefly), which will be an essential consideration in synthesizing new lubricity improver bio-additives for low sulfur diesel.
Study on Anti-Scuffing Load-Bearing Thermoelastic Lubricating Properties of Meshing Gears With Contact Interface Micro-Texture Morphology
Authors: Ruan Jiafu , Wang Xigui , Wang Yongmei , Li Chen
Published: April 2022

In the process of gear meshing, it is an inevitable trend to encounter failure cases such as contact friction thermal behavior and interface thermoelastic scuffing wear. As one of the cores influencing factors, the gear meshing contact interface micro-texture (CIMT) morphology significantly restricts the gear transmission system (GTS) dynamic characteristics. This subject intends to the contact characteristic model and interface friction dynamics coupling model of meshing gear pair with different CIMT morphologies. Considering the influence of gear meshing CIMT on the distribution type of hydrodynamic lubricating oil film, contact viscous damping, and frictional thermal load, the aforementioned models have involved time-varying meshing stiffness and static transmission error. Based on the proposed models, an example verification of meshed gear pair (MGP) is analyzed to reveal the influence of CIMT on the dynamic characteristics of GTS under a variety of micro-texture configurations and input branch power and rated speed/shaft torque conditions. Numerical simulation results indicate that the influence of CIMT on gear dynamic response (including meshing interface frictional thermal load, malicious damping, and impact vibration in the off-line direction of the action) is extremely restricted by the transient contact regularity of the meshing gear surface. Meshing gears dynamic characteristics (especially vibration and noise) can be obviously and effectively adjusted by setting a regular MGP with CIMT morphology instead of random gear surfaces.
Shock Tube and Flame Speed Measurements of 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-Pentene: A Co-Optima Biofuel
Authors: Laich Andrew R. , Kim Gihun , Ninnemann Erik , Almansour Bader , Vasu Subith
Published: April 2022

The combustion of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (diisobutylene, C8H16), which is a biofuel and a component of surrogate fuels, is examined in this work. Carbon monoxide time–histories and ignition delay times are collected behind reflected shock waves utilizing a shock tube and mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. Measurements were obtained near 10 atm pressure during stoichiometric oxidation of 0.15%C8H16/O2/Ar. Simulated results from chemical kinetic models are provided, and sensitivity analyses are used to discuss differences between models for both ignition delay times and carbon monoxide formation. In addition, laminar burning speeds are obtained at 1 atm, 428 K, and equivalence ratios, phi, between 0.91 and 1.52 inside a spherical chamber facility. Measured burning speeds are found to be less than that of ethanol over the equivalence ratio span. Burning speed measurements are compared to predictions of chemical kinetic mechanisms and are in agreement for the richest conditions; however, at lean conditions, the model predicts a far slower-burning speed. The maximum burning speed occurs at an equivalence ratio of 1.08 with a magnitude of 0.70 m/s. The current work provides the crucial experimental data needed for assessing the feasibility of this biofuel and for the development of future combustion chemical kinetics models.
A Semi-Analytical Approach for Calculating Productivity Index in Vertical Flowing Well: High Gas-Oil Ratio Field Data as a Case Study
Authors: Fadairo Adesina , Ling Kegang , Rasouli Vamegh , Adeyemi Gbadegesin
Published: April 2022

The concurrent transport of hydrocarbon, water, and most times solids ensues all through the production system concerned in transporting multiphase fluid from the producing reservoir zone to the wellbore and then to surface. The flow capacity of a well can be estimated through the inflow performance relationship (IPR) that essentially depends on productivity index (PI). Productivity index is a vital and indispensable oil and gas industry tool for forecasting the deliverability and helps in economic feasibility studies of the well. The lack of a correct model for bottom-hole flowing pressure calculation has always been a challenge and results in erroneous estimate of productivity index of a production well. Numerous models on bottom-hole flowing pressure in wells have been recounted in different literatures over the years. Many of the earlier works were based on steady-state flow assumption, likewise not all the constituent terms that practically influence flow behavior of fluid in pipe were considered in derivation of the past models. In the present work, an enhanced semi-analytical model for determining well bottom-hole flowing pressure is offered where all the constituent terms practically influence flow behavior of fluid in pipe and employed in building the new model for estimating productivity index in a vertical well. This article builds a semi-analytical model for predicting flowing pressure at every flow transition period evidencing the water hammer pressure fluctuations often experienced at the start-up operation. Subsequently, the time-dependent flowing pressure obtained from the newly derived model was used to estimate the productivity index using high gas-oil ratio surface data from Niger Delta field. The result of productivity index obtained at steady-state period shows that the average prediction percentage error of the current approach is reduced to 3.78% compared to previously derived steady-state-based model by Guo et al. (2007, “A Rigorous Composite-IPR Model for Multilateral Wells,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 100923, San Antonio, TX, p. 11), Guo (2001, “Use of Wellhead-Pressure Data to Establish Well-Inflow Performance Relationship,” SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Canton, OH, Oct., SPE 72372, p. 7), and Adesina et al. (2018, “A Realistic Model for Estimating Productivity Index of Vertical Well Using Wellhead Data,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE-193506-MS) that, respectively, report as 18.59%, 5.23%, and 3.96%. The factors that influence the magnitude of water hammer pressure fluctuation at the start-up period have been identified through the derivation. The semi-analytical model improves the prediction accuracy and aids the reliability of design to avoid incidence of pipe burst due to pressure peak and serves as a tool to analyze the well performance.
Simulating epidemics via the theory of dynamical systems
Authors: Mantica Giorgio
Published: April 2022

This paper describes a deterministic dynamical model of the epidemic spreading of disease. We introduce fundamental concepts from nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics, and use computer simulations that can be implemented by advanced undergraduate and by graduate students. It is shown that the model can describe real-world phenomena during an epidemic. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, the model is also a useful tool for research.
Atomic-scale quantum sensing based on the ultrafast coherence of an H
2
molecule in an STM cavity
Authors: Wang Likun , Xia Yunpeng , Ho W.
Published: April 2022

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) combined with a pump-probe femtosecond terahertz (THz) laser can enable coherence measurements of single molecules. We report THz pump-probe measurements that demonstrate quantum sensing based on a hydrogen (H
2
) molecule in the cavity created with an STM tip near a surface. Atomic-scale spatial and femtosecond temporal resolutions were obtained from this quantum coherence. The H
2
acts as a two-level system, with its coherent superposition exhibiting extreme sensitivity to the applied electric field and the underlying atomic composition of the copper nitride (Cu
2
N) monolayer islands grown on a Cu(100) surface. We acquired time-resolved images of THz rectification of H
2
over Cu
2
N islands for variable pump-probe delay times to visualize the heterogeneity of the chemical environment at sub-angstrom scale.
A Single Amino Acid Substitution in Elongation Factor G Can Confer Low-Level Gentamicin Resistance in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Holley Concerta L. , Dhulipala Vijaya , Balthazar Jacqueline T. , Le Van Adriana , Begum Afrin A. , Chen Shao-Chun , Read Timothy D. , Matoga Mitch , Hoffman Irving F. , Golparian Daniel , Unemo Magnus , Jerse Ann E. , Shafer William M.
Published: April 2022

The continued emergence of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates which are resistant to first-line antibiotics has reinvigorated interest in alternative therapies such as expanded use of gentamicin (Gen). We hypothesized that expanded use of Gen promotes emergence of gonococci with clinical resistance to this aminoglycoside.
Nutrient Limitation Magnifies Fitness Costs of Antimalarial Drug Resistance Mutations
Authors: Nair Shalini , Li Xue , Arya Grace A. , McDew-White Marina , Ferrari Marco , Anderson Tim
Published: April 2022

Drug resistance mutations tend to disrupt key physiological processes and frequently carry fitness costs, which are a central determinant of the rate of spread of these mutations in natural populations. Head-to-head competition assays provide a standard approach to measuring fitness for malaria parasites.
Evaluation of a Rapid and Accessible Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR Approach for SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Identification
Authors: Yeung Priscilla S.-W. , Wang Hannah , Sibai Mamdouh , Solis Daniel , Yamamoto Fumiko , Iwai Naomi , Jiang Becky , Hammond Nathan , Truong Bernadette , Bihon Selamawit , Santos Suzette , Mar Marilyn , Mai Claire , Mfuh Kenji O. , Miller Jacob A. , Huang ChunHong , Sahoo Malaya K. , Zehnder James L. , Pinsky Benjamin A.
Published: April 2022

The ability to distinguish between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) is of ongoing interest due to differences in transmissibility, responses to vaccination, clinical prognosis, and therapy. Although detailed genetic characterization requires whole-genome sequencing (WGS), targeted nucleic acid amplification tests can serve a complementary role in clinical settings, as they are more rapid and accessible than sequencing in most laboratories.
Interactions between Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein and Gene Segment Untranslated Regions Facilitate Selective Modulation of Viral Gene Expression
Authors: Diefenbacher Meghan , Tan Timothy J. C. , Bauer David L. V. , Stadtmueller Beth M. , Wu Nicholas C. , Brooke Christopher B.
Published: April 2022

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen that remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Escape from host immunity or emergence into new host species often requires mutations that modulate the functional activities of the viral glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), which are responsible for virus attachment to and release from host cells, respectively.
Meaningful Use of Pathogen Genomic Data
Authors: Azarian Taj
Published: April 2022

Population genomic analysis is a powerful tool to understand the evolutionary history of pathogens and the factors contributing to the success or failure of lineages. These studies have significant implications for human health, as evident from our ongoing tracking of SARS-CoV-2.
Plasma Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Is Necessary for Virulence of Candida albicans
Authors: Konopka James B.
Published: April 2022

Phosphatidylinositol lipids regulate key processes, including vesicle trafficking and cell polarity. A recent study identified novel roles for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI
4
P) in the plasma membrane of the fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
, including polarized hyphal growth and cell wall organization.
Consistency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Spoligotyping between the Membrane-Based Method and
In Silico
Approach
Authors: Genestet Charlotte , Hodille Elisabeth , Bernard Albin , Vallée Maxime , Lina Gérard , Le Meur Adrien , Refrégier Guislaine , Dumitrescua Oana
Published: April 2022

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has profoundly transformed the perspectives of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, providing a better discriminatory power to determine relatedness between
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) isolates. Previous genotyping approaches, such as spoligotyping consisting of an initial PCR step followed by reverse dot hybridization, are currently being replaced by WGS.
Long-Term Prognosis and Antimycobacterial Glycolipid Antibody as Biomarker in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Maekura Ryoji , Miki Keisuke , Tateishi Yoshitaka , Matsumoto Sohkichi , Kitada Seigo , Miki Mari , Kida Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

The natural history of MAC-PD is challenging to predict in immunocompetent patients at diagnosis, and the current multidrug chemotherapy options are not strong enough to eliminate mycobacteria from the lungs. Therefore, the diagnosis of MAC-PD does not necessarily lead to the decision to start chemotherapy.
Efficacy of Cathelicidin-Mimetic Antimicrobial Peptoids against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Benjamin Aaron B. , Moule Madeleine G. , Didwania Maruti K. , Hardy Jonathan , Saenkham-Huntsinger Panatda , Sule Preeti , Nielsen Josefine Eilsø , Lin Jennifer S. , Contag Christopher H. , Barron Annelise E. , Cirillo Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
resistance is a consistent problem with a large impact on the health care system. Infections with resistant
S. aureus
can cause serious adverse effects and can result in death.
Penicillin- and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Invasive Neisseria meningitidis Isolates from Japan
Authors: Saito Ryoichi , Nakajima Jun , Prah Isaac , Morita Masatomo , Mahazu Samiratu , Ota Yusuke , Kobayashi Ayuka , Tohda Shuji , Kamiya Hajime , Takahashi Hideyuki , Ohnishi Makoto
Published: April 2022

Although antibiotics such as penicillin and ceftriaxone can treat invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant
Neisseria meningitidis
have become a global concern. To provide effective treatment, including chemoprophylaxis to IMD patients and their close contacts, we highlighted the importance of recognizing the antibiotic resistance and genetic features of
N. meningitidis
isolates.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Carrying
qnrS
Gene Isolated from Chicken Feed in China
Authors: Cao Zhengzheng , Cui Luqing , Liu Quan , Liu Fangjia , Zhao Yue , Guo Kaixuan , Hu Tianyu , Zhang Fan , Sheng Xijing , Wang Xiangru , Peng Zhong , Dai Menghong
Published: April 2022

Enterobacter hormaechei
is an opportunistic pathogen. It can cause infections in humans and animals.
Supplemental Material: A tropically hot mid-Cretaceous North American Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Jones Matthew M. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Data tables, details on specimens, methodologies, additional plots, and evaluation of Δ47 burial reordering. 
Supplemental Material: Mechanism of crustal thickening and exhumation of southern Lhasa terrane during the Late Cretaceous: Evidence from high-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Yin Changqing , al. et
Published: April 2022

Table S1: Selected microprobe analyses for garnet-bearing amphibolite samples. Table S2: Bulk compositions of garnet-bearing amphibolite for phase equilibria modelling. Table S3: Th-U-Pb data of metamorphic zircons of garnet-bearing amphibolite samples. Table S4: REE contents (ppm) in zircon of garnet-bearing amphibolite sample. 
Supplemental Material: Sedimentology of the latest Permian to Early Triassic in the terrestrial settings of the North China Basin: Low-latitude climate change during a warming-driven crisis
Authors: Ji Kaixuan , Tong Jinnan , al. et
Published: April 2022

Figure S1: Sedimentary logs of the sections at Baode, Xuecun and Haojiajin in Shanxi Province, Ordos Basin, developed in the uppermost part of the Sunjiagou Formation and base of the Liujiagou Formation. Figure S2: Field photographs of the Huagedaling section, Jiyuan County, Luoyang City, Henan Province. Figure S3: Log and field photographs of the Xiewan section, Yima City, Henan Province. Figure S4: Log and field photographs of the Sugou section, Dengfeng City, Henan Province. Figure S5: Channel sand bodies of FA3, Sunjiagou Formation. Arrows point the channels. Figure S6: Field photos of Qishuihe section, Shaanxi Province. Figure S7: Log and field photographs of FA5, Liujiagou Formation, Yuntouling section, Yuzhou City, Henan Province. Table S1: Channel dimensions of FA2. 
Supplemental Material: Depositional and diagenetic controls on the mechanical properties of rocks in the Monterey Formation of the Santa Maria Basin, California
Authors: Dunham John
Published: April 2022

Supplemental Files 1 and 2: Additional details on data and methods 
Plazomicin for the treatment of multidrug-resistantKlebsiellabacteraemia in a patient with underlying chronic kidney disease and acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy
Authors: Earle William , Bonegio Ramón G B , Smith Donald B , Branch-Elliman Westyn
Published: April 2022

A 75-year-old man presented with shortness of breath and somnolence and was found to have urosepsis. Blood and urine cultures subsequently grew multidrug-resistant (MDR)Klebsiella pneumoniae(Kp) with the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene. The patient was treated successfully with plazomicin and meropenem/vaborbactam combination therapy. The course was complicated by acute kidney injury temporarily requiring haemodialysis, gastrointestinal bleed requiring multiple transfusions and hospital readmission with blood cultures again positive with MDR Kp. Plazomicin drug levels were persistently high during treatment, suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring may be needed to safely use this drug in patients with severe renal dysfunction. This case marks the first use of plazomicin for bacteraemia in the literature outside of a clinical trial and demonstrates its safe and effective use in a patient with advanced renal disease, and provides important insights about dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring considerations in this patient population.
Associations between initial American Board of Internal Medicine certification and maintenance of certification status of attending physicians and in-hospital mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure: a retrospective cohort study of hospitalisations in Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Norcini John J , Weng Weifeng , Boulet John , McDonald Furman , Lipner Rebecca S
Published: April 2022

Objective

To determine whether internists’ initial specialty certification and the maintenance of that certification (MOC) is associated with lower in-hospital mortality for their patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or congestive heart failure (CHF).

Design

Retrospective cohort study of hospitalisations in Pennsylvania, USA, from 2012 to 2017.

Setting

All hospitals in Pennsylvania.

Participants

All 184 115 hospitalisations for primary diagnoses of AMI or CHF where the attending physician was a self-designated internist.

Primary outcome measure

In-hospital mortality.

Results

Of the 2575 physicians, 2238 had initial certification and 820 were eligible for MOC. After controlling for patient demographics and clinical characteristics, hospital-level factors and physicians’ demographic and medical school characteristics, both initial certification and MOC were associated with lower mortality. The adjusted OR for initial certification was 0.835 (95% CI 0.756 to 0.922; p<0.001). Patients cared for by physicians with initial certification had a 15.87% decrease in mortality compared with those cared for by non-certified physicians (mortality rate difference of 5.09 per 1000 patients; 95% CI 2.12 to 8.05; p<0.001). The adjusted OR for MOC was 0.804 (95% CI 0.697 to 0.926; p=0.003). Patients cared for by physicians who completed MOC had an 18.91% decrease in mortality compared with those cared for by MOC lapsed physicians (mortality rate difference of 6.22 per 1000 patients; 95% CI 2.0 to 10.4; p=0.004).

Conclusions

Initial certification was associated with lower mortality for AMI or CHF. Moreover, for patients whose physicians had initial certification, an additional advantage was associated with its maintenance.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare service use for non-COVID-19 patients in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoko , Okada Akira , Sunaga Shinji , Ikeda Kurakawa Kayo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Kadowaki Takashi
Published: April 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare service use by non-COVID-19 patients.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Hospital-based claims database from anonymised hospitals in Japan.

Participants

Patients (n=785 495) who visited and/or were hospitalised in 26 anonymised hospitals in Japan between January 2017 and November 2020.

Outcome measures

We compared changes in the monthly number of hospitalisations (overall or by diagnosis), outpatient visits, endoscopic fibrescopies (EFs), rehabilitations, outpatient chemotherapy treatments, maintenance haemodialysis treatments and outpatient prescriptions between pre-COVID-19 years and the same period in 2020.

Results

The overall number of hospitalisations and outpatient visits decreased by 27% and 22%, respectively, in May 2020, of which the most substantial decrease was observed in the paediatrics department (65% and 51%, respectively). The number of hospitalisations for respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms and digestive diseases decreased by a maximum of 55%, 32%, 10% and 26%, respectively, in 2020. The number of hospitalisations for non-COVID-19 pneumonia in patients aged <16 years, patients aged ≥16 years and patients with asthma decreased by 93%, 43% and 80%, respectively, in May 2020. EFs and outpatient rehabilitations decreased by >30%. In contrast, outpatient chemotherapy and maintenance haemodialysis treatments decreased by <10%, if at all. Outpatient prescriptions decreased by a maximum of 20% in 2020, with the largest decrease observed in drugs for obstructive airway diseases and cough and cold preparations.

Conclusions

The use of healthcare services by non-COVID-19 patients was most affected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020. The number of hospitalisations for respiratory diseases, particularly non-COVID-19 pneumonia and asthma, drastically decreased, while the number of hospitalisations and outpatient chemotherapies for malignant neoplasms or maintenance haemodialysis was less affected.
LINC01857 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells via regulating miR-4731-5p/HOXC6
Authors: Chen Shudong , Dai Jundi , Wang Wei , Ren Chenglei
Published: April 2022

The great importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis has been acknowledged gradually. LINC01857 is previously reported to be highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC), while the regulatory mechanism of LINC01857 in GC is largely unknown. In this study, we detected high expression of LINC01857 from the GC microarray GSE109476. Additionally, LINC01857 expression is remarkably upregulated in GC cell lines (AGS, MKN-45, HGC-27, and SGC-7901) compared with the normal gastric mucosal cell line GES-1. Functionally, LINC01857 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of GC cells, while LINC01857 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of GC cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that LINC01857 targeted miR-4731-5p and subsequently increased the expression of HOXC6 in GC. Rescue experiments showed that miR-4731-5p inhibition and HOXC6 overexpression could reverse the biological behavior of GC cells induced by LINC01857 knockdown. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LINC01857 sponged miR-4731-5p to promote the expression of HOXC6 and eventually acts as an oncogene in GC.
Microbubble and nanobubble-based gas flotation for oily wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Shen Wanhua , Mukherjee Debjani , Koirala Narayan , Hu Guangji , Lee Kenneth , Zhao Min , Li Jianbing
Published: April 2022

Gas flotation for oily wastewater treatment is based on the attachment of gas bubbles to oil droplets to produce lighter aggregates that rise to the wastewater surface. It is a feasible, promising, and effective method for oily wastewater treatment due to its high separation efficiency with no secondary contamination, cost-effectiveness, and simple operation. This review focuses on separating oil from emulsions by gas flotation using microbubbles (MBs) and nanobubbles (NBs), which offer the advantages of small bubble size, large specific surface area, and slow rising velocity. The properties of different types of gas bubbles and their generation methods were discussed. Different gas flotation system designs and operational parameters were summarized for dissolved gas flotation, induced gas flotation, and electrolytic flotation (EF). The review illustrated that oil removal efficiency in MB- and NB-based gas flotation was affected by various factors including initial oil concentration, pH, temperature, flotation time, and oil droplet size.
Characterization of alpha and beta interactions in liquid xenon
Authors: Jörg Florian , Cichon Dominick , Eurin Guillaume , Hötzsch Luisa , Marrodán Undagoitia Teresa , Rupp Natascha
Published: April 2022

Liquid xenon based detectors have achieved great sensitivities in rare event searches. Precise knowledge of the scintillation and ionization responses of the medium is essential to correctly model different interaction types in the detector including both signal and background-like ones. The response of liquid xenon to low energy electrons and to alpha particles has been studied in the Heidelberg Xenon (HeXe) dual-phase xenon TPC. We determine the light and charge signal yields for keV-energy electrons and MeV-energy alpha particles as well as the electron drift velocity for electric drift fields between 7.5 and 1640 V/cm. A three dimensional simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics is used to characterize the applied drift field and its homogeneity.
Vlasov description of the beam response to noise in the presence of wakefields in high-energy synchrotrons: beam transfer function, diffusion, and loss of Landau damping
Authors: Furuseth Sondre Vik , Buffat Xavier
Published: April 2022

Noise can have severe impacts on particle beams in high-energy synchrotrons. In particular, it has recently been discovered that noise combined with wakefields can cause a diffusion that leads to a loss of Landau damping after a latency. Such instabilities have been observed in the Large Hadron Collider. This paper, therefore, studies the beam response to noise in the presence of wakefields, within the framework of the Vlasov equation. First, a wakefield beam eigenmode transfer function (MTF) is derived, quantifying the amplitude of a wakefield eigenmode when excited by noise. Then, the MTFs of all the wakefield eigenmodes are combined to derive the beam transfer function (BTF) including the impact of wakefields. It is found to agree excellently with multi-particle tracking simulations. Finally, the MTFs are also used to derive the single-particle diffusion driven by the wakefield eigenmodes. This new Vlasov-based theory for the diffusion driven by noise-excited wakefields is found to be superior to an existing theory by comparing to multi-particle tracking simulations. Through sophisticated simulations that self-consistently model the evolution of the distribution and the stability diagram, the diffusion is found to lead to a loss of Landau damping after a latency. The most important technique to extend the latency and thereby mitigate these instabilities is to operate the synchrotron with a stability margin in detuning strength relative to the amount of detuning required to barely stabilize the beam with its initial distribution.
Complete shrinking Ricci–Bourguignon harmonic solitons
Authors: Azami Shahroud , Pirhadi Vahid , Fasihi-Ramandi Ghodratallah
Published: April 2022

Studying self-similar solutions of geometric flows on manifolds plays an important role in understanding geometrical and topological properties of underlying manifolds. In this paper, we prove that a complete shrinking Ricci–Bourguignon harmonic flow soliton [Formula: see text] is compact if and only if [Formula: see text] is bounded on [Formula: see text]. Also, we show that a complete shrinking Ricci–Bourguignon harmonic flow soliton has finite fundamental group.
End-to-End Deep Policy Feedback-Based Reinforcement Learning Method for Quantization in DNNs
Authors: Logesh Babu R. , Gurumoorthy Sasikumar , Parameshachari B. D. , Christalin Nelson S. , Hua Qiaozhi
Published: April 2022

In the resource-constrained embedded systems, the designing of efficient deep neural networks is a challenging process, due to diversity in the artificial intelligence applications. The quantization in deep neural networks superiorly diminishes the storage and computational time by reducing the bit-width of networks encoding. In order to highlight the problem of accuracy loss, the quantization levels are automatically discovered using Policy Feedback-based Reinforcement Learning Method (PF-RELEQ). In this paper, the Proximal Policy Optimization with Policy Feedback (PPO-PF) technique is proposed to determine the best design decisions by choosing the optimum hyper-parameters. In order to enhance the sensitivity of the value function to the change of policy and to improve the accuracy of value estimation at the early learning stage, a policy update method is devised based on the clipped discount factor. In addition, specifically the loss functions of policy satisfy the unbiased estimation of the trust region. The proposed PF-RELEQ effectively balances quality and speed compared to other deep learning methods like ResNet-1202, ResNet-32, ResNet-110, GoogLeNet and AlexNet. The experimental analysis showed that PF-RELEQ achieved 20% computational work-load reduction compared to the existing deep learning methods on ImageNet, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and tomato leaf disease datasets and achieved approximately 2% of improvisation in the validation accuracy. Additionally, the PF-RELEQ needs only 0.55 Graphics Processing Unit on an NVIDIA GTX-1080Ti to develop DNNs that delivers better accuracy improvement with fewer cycle counts for image classification.
Cosmological dynamics of dark energy in teleparallel gravity
Authors: Motavalli Hossein , Nouri Elham
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study a cosmological model governed by a generalized scalar field nonminimally coupled to scalar torsion in the framework of teleparallel gravity. By applying the Noether symmetry approach, we attempt to explore the explicit forms of the coupling function and the scalar field potential in the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) flat spacetime. The existence of such symmetry permits the equations of motion to take a simpler form and provides an exponential form cosmological solution for both the scale factor and scalar field. It is shown that the tachyon field behaves as the origin of inflation and contributes significantly to the accelerating expansion of the universe in the early times. While, in the late times, gravitational sources are a pressureless matter field together with the tachyon field, which plays the essential role of dark energy and is the origin of deceleration-acceleration phase transition. Later on, it is also shown that the present model contains a cosmological degeneracy in the sense that different coupling parameters and tachyonic potentials can contribute to the same cosmological behaviors such as the cosmic acceleration, age, equation of state and mean Hubble of FLRW universe.
ASSOCIATION AMONG FUNCTION-RELATED TESTS, PAIN, AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SHOULDER DISORDERS
Authors: Sakulsriprasert Prasert , Adisaiphaopan Rachaneewan , Suwannarat Sarawut , Sa-ngounsak Thachakorn , Junsiri Pathtarajaree , Praoprirtpirom Kamonwan , Suwanasri Chompunoot
Published: April 2022

Background: Function-related tests for shoulder disorders are probably related to pain and demographic data which need to be investigated. This paper aimed to study the associations among function-related tests, pain, and demographic data in individuals with shoulder disorders. Methods: The demographic data, pain by numerical rating scale (NRS), and function-related tests which are hand behind neck (HBN) and hand behind back (HBB) tests were collected. The associations were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and point-biserial correlation. Results: Five hundred sixty-six individuals with shoulder disorders participated. High significant association was reported between HBN and HBB ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Also, NRS ([Formula: see text] –0.196, [Formula: see text] –0.237), age ([Formula: see text] –0.258, [Formula: see text] –0.241), number of underlying diseases ([Formula: see text] –0.161, [Formula: see text] –0.171), and diabetes mellitus (DM) ([Formula: see text] –0.124, [Formula: see text] –0.143) had significant correlations with HBN and HBB tests. Conclusion: The association among HBN, HBB, NRS, age, number of underlying diseases, and DM reflected the importance of pain management and the considerations of the patient’s background involving age and underlying diseases.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INFRAPATELLAR FAT PAD DURING KNEE EXTENSION
Authors: Kawaji Hayato , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Yamane Masahiro , Kataoka Yoshiaki
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To investigate morphological changes in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) during active knee extension using ultrasonography.

Methods: IPFP deformity from 30∘ knee flexion to full extension was recorded using ultrasonography. IPFP thickness and patellar tendon-tibial angle were evaluated on 26 healthy knees in the first session and nine knees in the second session. Intra-rater and inter-rate reliability were evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of types (1, 3) and (2, 3), respectively. Absolute reliability was assessed using the standard error of measurement (SEM). Changes in the patellar tendon-tibial angle and IPFP thickness were analyzed using paired [Formula: see text]-test.

Results: At each knee angle, ICC (1, 3) was [Formula: see text] for the patellar tendon-tibial angle and IPFP thickness (CV [Formula: see text]). Compared to 30∘ knee flexion, the patellar tendon-tibial angle increased significantly from 33.3∘ to 38.9∘ ([Formula: see text]). The IPFP thickness significantly increased from 4.4[Formula: see text]mm to 5.3[Formula: see text]mm with active knee extension ([Formula: see text]), without overlap of the 95% CI of SEM. For inter-rater reliability, ICC (2, 3) was [Formula: see text] for each variable (CV [Formula: see text]).

Conclusions: Increased IPFP thickness during active knee extension indicates IPFP deformity in the anterior interval. Ultrasonography may help evaluate morphological changes and estimate IPFP scarring.
Understanding the Coupling Mechanism of Gold Nanostructures by Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
Authors: Sahu Aditya K. , Raj Satyabrata
Published: April 2022

Gold nanoparticle assemblies show a strong plasmonic response due to the combined effects of the individual nanoparticles’ plasmon modes. Increasing the number of nanoparticles in structured assemblies leads to significant shifts in the optical and physical properties. We use finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to analyze the electromagnetic response of structurally ordered gold nanorods in monomer and dimer configurations. The plasmonic coupling between nanorods in monomers or dimers configurations provides a unique technique for tuning the spectrum intensity, spatial distribution and polarization of local electric fields within and surrounding nanostructures. This study shows an exponential coupling behavior when two gold nanorods are assembled in end-to-end and side-by-side dimer configurations with a small separation distance. The maximum electric field in the gaps between adjacent nanorods in end-to-end dimer configuration describes a more significant enhancement factor than the individual gold nanorod. Our FDTD simulation on dimer in end-to-end assembly for small separation distance up to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm can well explain the observed experimental growth dynamics of gold nanorods.
Quantum black holes and resolution of the singularity
Authors: Casadio Roberto
Published: April 2022

Astrophysical objects and the surrounding geometry must be described by suitable states in the complete quantum theory of matter and gravity. We attempt at reconstructing such a state for a Schwarzschild black hole from the analysis of a collapsing ball of dust and describing the outer geometry by means of a coherent state.
Single-traveling-wave and double-wave polynomial solutions of the generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Wang Lingyu , Gao Ben
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we explore the generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations with variable coefficients, which are usually used in the fields of ferromagnetism, magneto-optics, plasma physics and fluid mechanics. For the sake of uncovering more physical phenomena related to this system, we consider the single-traveling-wave polynomial solutions in the light of the unified method and the double-wave polynomial solutions in line with the generalized unified method. Remarkably, the solitary-, soliton- as well as elliptic-type solutions are all discussed in these two kinds of solutions. Furthermore, the physical explanations of the solutions are given graphically and analytically for different choices of the free parameters (especially of the nonlinear coefficients of the equations that related to the physical insights). By discussing the wave propagation of each solution that we procured from the perspectives of amplitude, shape, symmetry or periodicity, we are capable of realizing the inherent characteristics of this equation commendably and discovering the correlative physical world more efficiently.
The influence of Aharonov–Casher effect on the generalized Dirac oscillator in the cosmic string space-time
Authors: Chen Hao , Long Zheng-Wen , Long Chao-Yun , Zare Soroush , Hassanabadi Hassan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we investigate the influence of the Aharonov–Casher (A–C) effect on the generalized Dirac oscillator containing the Coulomb-type potential function related to a relativistic neutral particle having a permanent magnetic dipole moment interacting with the external electromagnetic fields in (1 + 2)-dimensional cosmic string space-time. The eigenfunctions and energy eigenvalues of such a Dirac oscillator are derived by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. We indicate that implementing the scenario gives the relativistic modified exact analytical solutions. In this way, we can see that the degeneracy of the relevant relativistic energy eigenvalues is broken by depending on the Coulomb strength parameter under the influence of the curvature effect and the A–C effect.
Research on Site Selection of Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Railway Logistics Center Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Chen Xin , Xiao Chenxi , Shi Huiwen , Hong Fangyu
Published: April 2022

With the realization of China’s strategic concept of “The Belt and Road Initiative”, all countries have actively carried out the planning and construction of the Trans-Asian Railway Network, and railway freight has ushered in new development opportunities. As the core cities of Hunan, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan also actively respond to the development trend of railway freight to logistics direction. In this paper, grey wolf optimization algorithm is used for the railway logistics center location in Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan. Some data of railway freight supply points and existing freight stations in this area are used for experimental simulation, so as to reduce the investment cost of the construction of railway logistics center and provide scientific decision-making basis.
Stability analysis of proportional delayed projection neural network for quadratic programming problem
Authors: Song Xiehui , Zhou Liqun , Wang Yu , Zhang Shiru , Zhang Yuji
Published: April 2022

At present, projection neural network (PNN) with bounded time delay has been widely used for solving convex quadratic programming problem (QPP). However, there is little research concerning PNN with unbounded time delay. In this paper, we propose the proportional delayed PNN to solve QPP with equality constraints. By utilizing homeomorphism mapping principle, we prove the proportional delayed PNN exists with unique equilibrium point which is the optimal solution of QPP. Simultaneously, delay-dependent criteria about global exponential stability (GES) and global polynomial stability (GPS) are also acquired by applying the method of variation of constants and inequality techniques. On the other hand, when proportional delay factor [Formula: see text] is equal to 1, the proportional delayed PNN becomes the one without time delay which still can be utilized for solving QPP. But in most situations, [Formula: see text] is not equal to 1, and time delay is unpredictable and may be unbounded in the actual neural network, which causes instability of system. Therefore, it is necessary to consider proportional delayed PNN. A numerical example demonstrates that, compared with the proportional delayed Lagrange neural network, the proportional delayed PNN is faster in terms of convergence rate. The possible reason is that appropriate parameters make the model converge to the equilibrium point along the direction of gradient descent.
Rational structure design of FeCo-based materials as efficient electrodes for overall water-splitting
Authors: Yang Tongxin , Zheng Weikang , Yang Zuguang , Xu Chaohe
Published: April 2022

Rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential to promote the performance of overall water-splitting. In this work, we demonstrate the high performance electrolyzer by using Fe–Co phosphide grown on Ni foam (FeCoP/NF) as HER electrode and self-supported FeCo2O4@FeCo2S4/NF heterostructure as OER electrode. Thanks to the more active sites and faster charge transfer capability, the FeCoP/NF electrode can deliver low HER overpotentials of 59.6 and 233.6 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the synergistic effect at interfaces also endows low overpotentials of FeCo2O4@FeCo2S4/NF at specific current densities. As a result, the designed FeCoP/NF——FeCo2O4@FeCo2S4/NF device just needs a voltage of 1.52 V to afford 10 mA cm[Formula: see text], indicating greatly potential in practical application.
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS)
Authors: Champey P. R. , Winebarger A. R. , Kobayashi K. , Athiray P. S. , Hertz E. , Savage S. , Beabout B. , Beabout D. , Broadway D. , Bruccoleri A. R. , Cheimets P. , Davis J. , Duffy J. , Golub L. , Gregory D. A. , Griffith C. , Haight H. , Heilmann R. K. , Hogue B. , Hohl J. , Hyde D. , Kegley J. , Kolodzieczjak J. , Ramsey B. , Ranganathan J. , Robertson B. , Schattenburg M. L. , Speegle C. O. , Vigil G. , Walsh R. , Weddenorf B. , Wright E.
Published: April 2022

The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a sounding rocket instrument that flew on July 30, 2021 from the White Sands Missile Range, NM. The instrument was designed to address specific science questions that require differential emission measures of the solar soft X-ray spectrum from 6 – 25[Formula: see text]Å(0.5 – 2.1[Formula: see text]keV). MaGIXS comprises a Wolter-I telescope, a slit-jaw imaging system, an identical pair of grazing incidence paraboloid mirrors, a planar grating and a CCD camera. While implementing this design, some limitations were encountered in the production of the X-ray mirrors, which ended up as a catalyst for the development of a deterministic polishing approach and an improved meteorological technique that utilizes a computer-generated hologram (CGH). The opto-mechanical design approach addressed the need to have adjustable and highly repeatable interfaces to allow for the complex alignment between the optical sub-assemblies. The alignment techniques employed when mounting the mirrors and throughout instrument integration and end-to-end testing are discussed. Also presented are spatial resolution measurements of the end-to-end point-spread-function that were obtained during testing in the X-ray Cryogenic Facility (XRCF) at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. Lastly, unresolved issues and off-nominal performance are discussed.
The Go programming language and environment
Authors: Cox Russ , Griesemer Robert , Pike Rob , Taylor Ian Lance , Thompson Ken
Published: April 2022

Released as open source in November 2009, Go has become the foundation for critical infrastructure at every major cloud provider. Its creators look back on how Go got here and why it has stuck around.
Artificial intelligence for synthetic biology
Authors: Eslami Mohammed , Adler Aaron , Caceres Rajmonda S. , Dunn Joshua G. , Kelley-Loughnane Nancy , Varaljay Vanessa A. , Martin Hector Garcia
Published: April 2022

The opportunities and challenges of adapting and applying AI principles to synbio.
Synthesis of Longitudinal Human Location Sequences: Balancing Utility and Privacy
Authors: Benarous Maya , Toch Eran , Ben-gal Irad
Published: April 2022

People’s location data are continuously tracked from various devices and sensors, enabling an ongoing analysis of sensitive information that can violate people’s privacy and reveal confidential information. Synthetic data have been used to generate representative location sequences yet to maintain the users’ privacy. Nonetheless, the privacy-accuracy tradeoff between these two measures has not been addressed systematically. In this article, we analyze the use of different synthetic data generation models for long location sequences, including extended short-term memory networks (LSTMs), Markov Chains (MC), and variable-order Markov models (VMMs). We employ different performance measures, such as data similarity and privacy, and discuss the inherent tradeoff. Furthermore, we introduce other measurements to quantify each of these measures. Based on the anonymous data of 300 thousand cellular-phone users, our work offers a road map for developing policies for synthetic data generation processes. We propose a framework for building data generation models and evaluating their effectiveness regarding those accuracy and privacy measures.