bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of upper facial lines and psychological impact of crow's feet lines: content validation of the Facial Line Outcomes (FLO‐11) Questionnaire
Authors: Yaworsky Andrew , Daniels Selena , Tully Shannon , Beddingfield Frederick , Kowalski Jonathan , Fitzgerald Kristina , Somogyi Christine , Burgess Somali M
Published: November 2014

Background

Treatments for upper facial lines (UFL), the most visible sign of aging, are of interest to patients and clinicians alike. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are valuable in evaluating the impact of such treatments; however, regulatory recommendations have stipulated that the patient perspective be central in developing these assessments.

Objectives

(1) To evaluate the content validity of the Facial Lines Outcomes Questionnaire, a PRO instrument developed to assess upper facial line impacts, according to the regulatory guidance of the United States Food and Drug Administration and (2) assess whether it adequately measures the psychological impacts associated with crow's feet lines (CFL) (lateral canthal lines) from the patient perspective.

Methods

Two patient groups participated in face‐to‐face qualitative interviews. One group included patients with UFL (Group 1, n = 25 interviews), and the other included patients specifically with CFL (Group 2, n = 41 interviews). Each interview consisted of a concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing phase.

Results

Interviews with both groups elicited all key concepts of the instrument, including “bothered by facial lines”; “looking older”; “looking less attractive”; and looking “tired,” “stressed,” or “angry.” Most Group 2 patients (n = 35, 85%) agreed that the instrument adequately assessed the psychological impacts associated with CFL. During cognitive debriefing, the majority of patients in both groups agreed the instrument was understandable, comprehensive, and easy to complete.

Conclusions

The Facial Line Outcomes Questionnaire is an appropriate and valid tool to assess the impact of UFL and the psychological impacts associated with CFL.
Discourse in a Material World
Authors: Hardy Cynthia , Thomas Robyn
Published: November 2014

We challenge recent assertions that discourse studies cannot de facto address materiality. We demonstrate how a Foucauldian theorization of discourse provides a way to analyse the co‐constitutive nature of discursive and material processes, as well as explore the power relations implicated in these relationships. To illustrate our argument, we identify exemplary studies that have effectively combined a study of discourse and different aspects of materiality – bodies, objects, spaces, and practices. In doing so, we show how discourse scholars are able to study both materiality and power relations.
Resveratrol suppresses TPA‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression through the inhibition of MAPK pathways in oral cancer cells
Authors: Lin Feng‐Yan , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Yang Shun‐Fa , Chen Chang‐Tai , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Chou Ming‐Yung , Chuang Yi‐Ting , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chen Mu‐Kuan
Published: November 2014

Background

Naturally occurring agents, such as resveratrol, have been determined to benefit health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that resveratrol has antioxidative, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of resveratrol exerts on the metastasis of oral cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect the anti‐invasive activity of resveratrol on a human oral cancer cell line (SCC‐9) in vitro and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, whereas cell motility was measured by migration and wound‐healing assays. Zymography, reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and promoter assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression in oral cancer cells.

Results

We established that various concentrations (0–100 μM) of resveratrol inhibited the 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced migration capacities of SCC‐9 cells and caused no cytotoxic effects. Zymography and Western blot analyses suggested that resveratrol inhibited TPA‐induced MMP‐9 gelatinolytic activity and protein expression. In addition, the results indicated that resveratrol inhibited the phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 and extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 involved in downregulating protein expression and the transcription of MMP‐9.

Conclusion

In summary, resveratrol inhibited MMP‐9 expression and oral cancer cell metastasis by downregulating JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 signals pathways and, thus, exerts beneficial effects in chemoprevention.
Melatonin prevents cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction via a SIRT1‐dependent mechanism during ischemic‐stroke in mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Shuai , Dong Yushu , Fan Chongxi , Zhao Lei , Yang Xiangmin , Li Juan , Di Shouyin , Yue Liang , Liang Guobiao , Reiter Russel J. , Qu Yan
Published: November 2014

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a type of histone deacetylase, is a highly effective therapeutic target for protection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). Previous studies showed that melatonin preserves SIRT1 expression in neuronal cells of newborn rats after hypoxia–ischemia. However, the definite role of SIRT1 in the protective effect of melatonin against cerebral IRI in adult has not been explored. In this study, the brain of adult mice was subjected to IRI. Prior to this procedure, the mice were given intraperitoneal with or without the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527. Melatonin conferred a cerebral‐protective effect, as shown by reduced infarct volume, lowered brain edema, and increased neurological scores. The melatonin‐induced upregulation of SIRT1 was also associated with an increase in the anti‐apoptotic factor, Bcl2, and a reduction in the pro‐apoptotic factor Bax. Moreover, melatonin resulted in a well‐preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial Complex I activity, and mitochondrial cytochrome c level while it reduced cytosolic cytochrome c level. However, the melatonin‐elevated mitochondrial function was reversed by EX527 treatment. In summary, our results demonstrate that melatonin treatment attenuates cerebral IRI by reducing IR‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of SIRT1 signaling.
Melatonin attenuates D‐galactose‐induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via RAGE/NF‐KB/JNK signaling pathway in aging mouse model
Authors: Ali Tahir , Badshah Haroon , Kim Tae Hyun , Kim Myeong Ok
Published: November 2014

Melatonin acts as a pleiotropic agent in various age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of melatonin against D‐galactose‐induced memory and synaptic dysfunction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. D‐galactose was administered (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for 60 days. After 30 days of D‐galactose administration, vehicle (same volume) or melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 30 days. Our behavioral (Morris water maze and Y‐maze test) results revealed that chronic melatonin treatment alleviated D‐galactose‐induced memory impairment. Additionally, melatonin treatment reversed D‐galactose‐induced synaptic disorder via increasing the level of memory‐related pre‐and postsynaptic protein markers. We also determined that melatonin enhances memory function in the D‐galactose‐treated mice possibly via reduction of elevated ROS and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Furthermore, Western blot and morphological results showed that melatonin treatment significantly reduced D‐galactose‐induced neuroinflammation through inhibition of microgliosis (Iba‐1) and astrocytosis (GFAP), and downregulating other inflammatory mediators such as p‐IKKβ, p‐NF‐KB65, COX2, NOS2, IL‐1β, and TNFα. Moreover, melatonin lowered the oxidative stress kinase p‐JNK which suppressed various apoptotic markers, that is, cytochrome C, caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and PARP‐1, and prevent neurodegeneration. Hence, melatonin attenuated the D‐galactose‐induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration possibly through RAGE/NF‐KB/JNK pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that melatonin could be a promising, safe and endogenous compatible antioxidant candidate for age‐related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Sexual Functioning in Women After Surgical Treatment for Endometrial Cancer: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Aerts Leen , Enzlin Paul , Verhaeghe Johan , Poppe Willy , Vergote Ignace , Amant Frédéric
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Endometrial cancer (EC) can affect sexual functioning based on anatomical, physiological, psychological, and relational mechanisms.

Aim

The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate sexual adjustment of women with EC during a follow-up period of 2 years after surgical treatment and to compare the results with women who underwent a hysterectomy for a benign gynecological condition and healthy control women.

Methods/Main Outcome Measures

In this prospective controlled study, participants completed the Short Sexual Functioning Scale, Specific Sexual Problems Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory Scale, World Health Organization-5 Well-being Scale, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale to assess various aspects of sexual and psychosocial functioning before undergoing a hysterectomy and 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery.

Results

Eighty-four women with EC, 84 women with a benign gynecological condition, and 84 healthy controls completed the survey. In EC survivors, no differences were found in sexual functioning during prospective analyses. In comparison with women with a benign gynecological condition, significantly more EC patients reported entry dyspareunia 1 year after surgical treatment. Moreover, compared with healthy women, pre- and postoperatively, significantly more EC patients reported sexual dysfunctions, including sexual desire dysfunction, arousal dysfunction, entry dyspareunia, and a reduced intensity of orgasm. Furthermore, compared with healthy controls, EC patients reported significantly lower overall well-being 1 year after surgical treatment. Nevertheless, consensus in the partner relationship was significantly higher in EC patients compared with healthy controls. Moreover, before treatment, quality of partner relationship was negatively associated with sexual arousal dysfunction and orgasm dysfunction.

Conclusions

In EC patients, no differences were found in sexual functioning when prospectively comparing the situation before surgery with the situation after surgery. However, when compared with healthy controls, EC patients are at high risk for sexual dysfunctions, both before and after surgical treatment.
Incidence of virological failure and emergence of resistance with twice‐daily vs every 8‐h administration of telaprevir in the OPTIMIZE study
Authors: Dierynck I. , Ghys A. , Witek J. , Luo D. , Janssen K. , Daems B. , Picchio G. , Buti M. , De Meyer S.
Published: November 2014

The OPTIMIZE study demonstrated noninferior efficacy between telaprevir (TVR) twice daily (bid) vs every 8‐h (q8h) administration. This analysis compared the selective pressure of both dosing regimens by characterisation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) variants emerging in genotype 1 (G1) HCV‐infected patients who did not achieve sustained virological response (SVR). HCV NS3•4A population sequencing was performed at baseline and time of failure (viral breakthrough, stopping rule or relapse). TVR‐resistant variants were classified by fold change in inhibitory concentration (IC50). Baseline TVR‐resistance was low (<5%) and did not preclude achieving SVR in either arm. The proportion of patients with TVR‐resistant variants at time of failure was similar in the bid (15%) and q8h (17%) dosing arms. The majority of variants and virological failures occurred in G1a patients, and mutations V36M, R155K and R155T (G1a), and V36A, T54A and A156S (G1b) were significantly enriched in both treatment arms. The number and type of emerging TVR‐resistant variants in non‐SVR patients were comparable between treatment arms and were consistent with previous observations. No differences in viral resistance profiles were observed between TVR‐based treatment arms in non‐SVR patients, indicating a similar selective pressure of TVR bid and q8h dosing.
Impacts of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics
Authors: Vinson C. C. , Kanashiro M. , Harris S. A. , Boshier D. H.
Published: November 2014

Selective logging in Brazil allows for the removal of up to 90% of trees above 50 cm diameter of a given timber species, independent of a species’ life history characteristics or how quickly it will recover. The genetic and demographic effects of selective logging on two Amazonian timber species (Dipteryx odorata Leguminosae, Jacaranda copaia Bignoniaceae) with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics were assessed in the same forest. Genetic diversity and gene flow were characterized by genotyping adults and seed sampled before and after logging, using hypervariable microsatellite markers. Overall, there were no short‐term genetic impacts on the J. copaia population, with commercial application of current Brazilian forest management regulations. In contrast, for D. Odorata, selective logging showed a range of genetic impacts, with a 10% loss of alleles, and reductions in siring by pollen from trees within the 546‐ha study area (23–11%) and in the number of pollen donors per progeny array (2.8–1.6), illustrating the importance of the surrounding landscape. Asynchrony in flowering between D. odorata trees led to trees with no breeding partners, which could limit the species reproduction and regeneration under current regulations. The results are summarized with other published studies from the same site and the implications for forest management discussed. The different types and levels of impacts associated with each species support the idea that ecological and genetic information by species, ecological guild or reproductive group is essential in helping to derive sustainable logging guidelines for tropical forests.
The atypical response regulator HP1021 controls formation of the Helicobacter pylori replication initiation complex
Authors: Donczew Rafał , Makowski Łukasz , Jaworski Paweł , Bezulska Martyna , Nowaczyk Małgorzata , Zakrzewska‐Czerwińska Jolanta , Zawilak‐Pawlik Anna
Published: November 2014

The replication of a bacterial chromosome is initiated by the DnaA protein, which binds to the specific chromosomal region oriC and unwinds duplex DNA within the DNA‐unwinding element (DUE). The initiation is tightly regulated by many factors, which control either DnaA or oriC activity and ensure that the chromosome is duplicated only when the conditions favor the survival of daughter cells. The factors controlling oriC activity often belong to the protein families of two‐component systems. Here, we found that Helicobacter pylori oriC activity is controlled by HP1021, a member of the atypical response regulator family. HP1021 protein specifically interacts with H. pylori oriC at HP1021 boxes (5′‐TGTT[TA]C[TA]‐3′), which overlap with three modules important for oriC function: DnaA boxes, the hypersensitivity (hs) region and the DUE. Consequently, HP1021 binding to oriC precludes DnaA‐oriC interactions and inhibits DNA unwinding at the DUE. Thus, HP1021 constitutes a negative regulator of the H. pylori orisome assembly in vitro. Furthermore, HP1021 boxes were found upstream of at least 70 genes, including those encoding CagA and Fur proteins. We postulate that HP1021 might coordinate chromosome replication, and thus bacterial growth, with other cellular processes and conditions in the human stomach.
Crystal structure of Bacillus anthracis virulence regulator AtxA and effects of phosphorylated histidines on multimerization and activity
Authors: Hammerstrom Troy G. , Horton Lori B. , Swick Michelle C. , Joachimiak Andrzej , Osipiuk Jerzy , Koehler Theresa M.
Published: November 2014

The Bacillus anthracis virulence regulator AtxA controls transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and capsule biosynthetic operon. AtxA activity is elevated during growth in media containing glucose and CO2/bicarbonate, and there is a positive correlation between the CO2/bicarbonate signal, AtxA activity and homomultimerization. AtxA activity is also affected by phosphorylation at specific histidines. We show that AtxA crystallizes as a dimer. Distinct folds associated with predicted DNA‐binding domains (HTH1 and HTH2) and phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system‐regulated domains (PRD1 and PRD2) are apparent. We tested AtxA variants containing single and double phosphomimetic (His→Asp) and phosphoablative (His→Ala) amino acid changes for activity in B. anthracis cultures and for protein–protein interactions in cell lysates. Reduced activity of AtxA H199A, lack of multimerization and activity of AtxAH379D variants, and predicted structural changes associated with phosphorylation support a model for control of AtxA function. We propose that (i) in the AtxA dimer, phosphorylation of H199 in PRD1 affects HTH2 positioning, influencing DNA‐binding; and (ii) phosphorylation of H379 in PRD2 disrupts dimer formation. The AtxA structure is the first reported high‐resolution full‐length structure of a PRD‐containing regulator, and can serve as a model for proteins of this family, especially those that link virulence to bacterial metabolism.
Membrane‐binding mechanism of a bacterial phospholipid N‐methyltransferase
Authors: Danne Linna , Aktas Meriyem , Gleichenhagen Jan , Grund Nadine , Wagner Dominic , Schwalbe Harald , Hoffknecht Barbara , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Narberhaus Franz
Published: November 2014

The membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) is crucial for stress adaptation and virulence of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The phospholipid N‐methyltransferase PmtA catalyzes three successive methylations of phosphatidylethanolamine to yield PC. Here, we asked how PmtA is recruited to its site of action, the inner leaflet of the membrane. We found that the enzyme attaches to the membrane via electrostatic interactions with anionic lipids, which do not serve as substrate for PmtA. Increasing PC concentrations trigger membrane dissociation suggesting that membrane binding of PmtA is negatively regulated by its end product PC. Two predicted alpha‐helical regions (αA and αF) contribute to membrane binding of PmtA. The N‐terminal helix αA binds anionic lipids in vitro with higher affinity than the central helix αF. The latter undergoes a structural transition from disordered to α‐helical conformation in the presence of anionic lipids. The basic amino acids R8 and K12 and the hydrophobic amino acid F19 are critical for membrane binding by αA as well as for activity of full‐length PmtA. We conclude that a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces is responsible for membrane association of the phospholipid‐modifying enzyme.
Effect of ocular transverse chromatic aberration on detection acuity for peripheral vision
Authors: Cheney Frank , Thibos Larry , Bradley Arthur
Published: November 2014

Purpose

We examined the effect of transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) on detection acuity for white‐light interference fringes seen in Maxwellian view at various orientations and locations in the visual field.

Methods

A circular patch (3.5° diameter, 3.2 log Trolands) of nominally high‐contrast fringes was produced on the retina by a commercial instrument (the Lotmar Visometer, Haag Streit) mounted on a gimbal for controlled positioning of the stimulus in the visual field from 0° to 35° eccentricity.

Results

Detection acuity for white light fringes for all meridians and eccentricities ≥15° was maximum when fringes were oriented parallel to the visual meridian line. This meridional effect disappeared when a narrow‐band filter was used to eliminate TCA. The meridional effect also disappeared when the interferometric stimulator was displaced laterally to align the instrument with the eye's local achromatic axis.

Conclusions

Modelling confirmed that TCA is the major factor responsible for white‐light meridional bias, with minor contribution arising from higher‐order monochromatic aberrations and neural factors.
Petunia × hybrida floral scent production is negatively affected by high‐temperature growth conditions
Authors: CNA'ANI ALON , MÜHLEMANN JOELLE K. , RAVID JASMIN , MASCI TANIA , KLEMPIEN ANTJE , NGUYEN THUONG T. H. , DUDAREVA NATALIA , PICHERSKY ERAN , VAINSTEIN ALEXANDER
Published: November 2014

Increasing temperatures due to changing global climate are interfering with plant–pollinator mutualism, an interaction facilitated mainly by floral colour and scent. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analyses revealed that increasing ambient temperature leads to a decrease in phenylpropanoid‐based floral scent production in two Petunia × hybrida varieties, P720 and Blue Spark, acclimated at 22/16 or 28/22 °C (day/night). This decrease could be attributed to down‐regulation of scent‐related structural gene expression from both phenylpropanoid and shikimate pathways, and up‐regulation of a negative regulator of scent production, emission of benzenoids V (EOBV). To test whether the negative effect of increased temperature on scent production can be reduced in flowers with enhanced metabolic flow in the phenylpropanoid pathway, we analysed floral volatile production by transgenic ‘Blue Spark’ plants overexpressing CaMV 35S‐driven Arabidopsis thaliana production of anthocyanin pigments 1 (PAP1) under elevated versus standard temperature conditions. Flowers of 35S:PAP1 transgenic plants produced the same or even higher levels of volatiles when exposed to a long‐term high‐temperature regime. This phenotype was also evident when analysing relevant gene expression as inferred from sequencing the transcriptome of 35S:PAP1 transgenic flowers under the two temperature regimes. Thus, up‐regulation of transcription might negate the adverse effects of temperature on scent production.
Heritability and molecular genetic basis of antisaccade eye tracking error rate: A genome‐wide association study
Authors: Vaidyanathan Uma , Malone Stephen M. , Donnelly Jennifer M. , Hammer Micah A. , Miller Michael B. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G.
Published: November 2014

Antisaccade deficits reflect abnormalities in executive function linked to various disorders including schizophrenia, externalizing psychopathology, and neurological conditions. We examined the genetic bases of antisaccade error in a sample of community‐based twins and parents (N = 4,469). Biometric models showed that about half of the variance in the antisaccade response was due to genetic factors and half due to nonshared environmental factors. Molecular genetic analyses supported these results, showing that the heritability accounted for by common molecular genetic variants approximated biometric estimates. Genome‐wide analyses revealed several SNPs as well as two genes—B3GNT7 and NCL—on Chromosome 2 associated with antisaccade error. SNPs and genes hypothesized to be associated with antisaccade error based on prior work, although generating some suggestive findings for MIR137, GRM8, and CACNG2, could not be confirmed.
A case of primary choroidal malignant melanoma in a cat
Authors: Bourguet Aurélie , Piccicuto Virginie , Donzel Elise , Carlus Marine , Chahory Sabine
Published: November 2014

This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, histological lesions, and prognosis of a primary choroidal malignant melanoma in a 15‐year‐old cat. The animal was presented for unilateral blindness. On ocular examination, a raised pigmented mass protruding from the posterior pole into the vitreous body was observed by diffuse transillumination and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Ocular ultrasound and computer tomography (CT) scan confirmed localization of the tumor to the posterior segment. The diagnosis of primary choroidal melanoma was confirmed by histopathology after enucleation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a feline malignant melanoma with a primary choroidal localization without iris involvement.
English in Southeast Asia: Pedagogical and policy implications
Authors: KIRKPATRICK ANDY
Published: November 2014

The roles of English within and between the many of the countries which make up Southeast Asia are increasing, and English is constantly being used and negotiated as a mutual means of communication by Asian multilinguals for whom English is an additional language. It is timely, therefore, to consider ways in which these Englishes have been developing, along with the roles English is currently playing. Areas worthy of investigation include the influence of language contact and the motivations for the presence of non‐standard forms in these new varieties of English. Given the recent research reviewed in this paper, the criteria by which the use of non‐standard forms are classified as characteristic of the particular variety need to be revised. The paper will conclude by considering whether the role of English as a lingua franca in the region has reached its zenith and whether regional language education policy is likely allow the languages of Asia to thrive.
Research on English in Singapore
Authors: LOW EE‐LING
Published: November 2014

Research on English in Singapore has been the topic of many studies from the late 1970s to the present. Past surveys on the topic have tended to focus on the phasing of the study of Singapore English, rather than on the broader issue of English in Singaporeper se. From the late 1990s, we see the birth of a new generation of scholars on Singapore English whose doctoral dissertations have focused on Singapore English, and who have focused on the systematic, features‐based linguistic description of Singapore English as well as the broader consideration of English in Singapore in general. The present paper takes its reference from an up‐to‐date compilation of published works of English in Singapore and doctoral dissertations, and attempts a meta‐analysis via a systematic coding of all the works done. A critical evaluation of what existing research implies about the theoretical modelling of English in Singapore and areas requiring further research will be elucidated in the final section.
English language teaching in the Philippines
Authors: MARTIN ISABEL PEFIANCO
Published: November 2014

Research in world Englishes (WE) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) have long been promoting what Pakir describes as ‘common working axioms’ (2009: 228) which uphold the pluricentricity of English: the existence of varieties, the acceptance of language change and adaptation, and the highlighting of discourse strategies. These principles have had profound effects on our understanding of the English language and, consequently, on the teaching of the language. In this paper, I argue that, for all the benefits offered by varieties of English, it might not be appropriate to teach varieties explicitly as a model to non‐native learners of the language. I make this argument with the Philippine education context in mind, and propose a framework for Philippine ELT that recognizes both the identity and communication functions of the language.
English in higher education in Cambodia
Authors: HASHIM AZIRAH , CHEE LEONG YEE , TRA PICH PHEAK
Published: November 2014

This paper discusses a number of key issues in English education and research in Cambodia. Multiple studies on Cambodia often suggest that English is a key component required to transform the standard of life of common Cambodians (Clayton ). To understand the phenomenon of the ever‐increasing demand for English in the country, we conducted a series of semi‐structured interviews with teachers and students followed by a needs analysis of English language learners in a tertiary institution. Our findings suggest that these future employees have a great enthusiasm for learning English mostly mediated by economic imperatives, in a changing world that prioritizes proficiency in the English language. Moreover, it was also found that research in higher education in Cambodia has gained increasing interest among English lecturers and students in the Cambodian academic community.
Fabrication of Micro Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Photolithography and Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Yang Man , Xu Zhigang , Desai Salil , Kumar Dhananjay , Sankar Jag
Published: November 2014

This paper focuses on the fabrication of micro-coplanar interdigitated single chamber solid oxide fuel cell (μ-SC-SOFC) using a combination of micropatterning technique and thin-film deposition technology. Photolithography was used to generate the micro-interdigitated photoresist patterns on the substrates. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method was used to deposit thin films of microstructured electrolytes yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and electrodes (anode: YSZ + NiO and cathode: lanthanum strontium ferrous cobalt (LSCF)). Process parameters were optimized to obtain consistent functional microstructure and crystal morphology. This research shows good potential for combinatorial manufacturing methods to fabricate high quality and repeatable micro fuel cell components.
Design Considerations of Photovoltaic/Thermal Air Systems: Energetic and Exergetic Approaches
Authors: Gholampour M. , Ameri M.
Published: November 2014

Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) is an integrated panel simultaneously producing combined heat and electricity. In order to examine the effect of the dimensional, operational, and environmental parameters, energetic and exergetic analyses of solar PV/T air collector systems are investigated. A theoretical model has been developed and the differential equations of energy are numerically solved. To confirm the reliability and accuracy of the present solution, first, comparison studies are performed with the available data in the literature, where good agreement between the obtained values and those existing in the literature was achieved. Then by using the validated model, the effects of the presence of glass cover, packing factor, channel depth, mass flow rate, solar irradiance, collector length, and the fin’s parameters on the performance of the systems have been studied. The results show that exergy analysis is necessary for making better design decisions.
The Quartic Piecewise-Linear Criterion for the Multiaxial Yield Behavior of Human Trabecular Bone
Authors: Sanyal Arnav , Scheffelin Joanna , Keaveny Tony M.
Published: November 2014

Prior multiaxial strength studies on trabecular bone have either not addressed large variations in bone volume fraction and microarchitecture, or have not addressed the full range of multiaxial stress states. Addressing these limitations, we utilized micro-computed tomography (μCT) based nonlinear finite element analysis to investigate the complete 3D multiaxial failure behavior of ten specimens (5 mm cube) of human trabecular bone, taken from three anatomic sites and spanning a wide range of bone volume fraction (0.09–0.36), mechanical anisotropy (range of E3/E1 = 3.0–12.0), and microarchitecture. We found that most of the observed variation in multiaxial strength behavior could be accounted for by normalizing the multiaxial strength by specimen-specific values of uniaxial strength (tension, compression in the longitudinal and transverse directions). Scatter between specimens was reduced further when the normalized multiaxial strength was described in strain space. The resulting multiaxial failure envelope in this normalized-strain space had a rectangular boxlike shape for normal–normal loading and either a rhomboidal boxlike shape or a triangular shape for normal-shear loading, depending on the loading direction. The finite element data were well described by a single quartic yield criterion in the 6D normalized-strain space combined with a piecewise linear yield criterion in two planes for normal-shear loading (mean error ± SD: 4.6 ± 0.8% for the finite element data versus the criterion). This multiaxial yield criterion in normalized-strain space can be used to describe the complete 3D multiaxial failure behavior of human trabecular bone across a wide range of bone volume fraction, mechanical anisotropy, and microarchitecture.
Dermoid cyst of the auricle: a rare manifestation
Authors: Horikiri Masaru , Ueda Kazuki , Kato Motoi
Published: November 2014

Cases of dermoid cysts of the auricle are presumed to be quite rare. We report such a case and make references to 10 previously reported cases. It is important to treat a tumour in the auricular area at an early stage to prevent it from transforming into malignancy.
Left atrial cardiac myxoma. Two unusual cases studied by 3D echocardiography
Authors: Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda , Lozoya-Del Rosal Jose Juan , Colin-Lizalde Luis , Lupi-Herrera Eulo
Published: November 2014

We describe two patients with cardiac tumors in the left atrium, which by their association and histopathological lineage, are extremely rare. The clinical, echocardiographic and pathological findings were analysed. The first case was asymptomatic, but in the control studies of colon adenocarcinoma, an intracardiac mass was found by chest computed tomography (CT). A transesophageal 3D (TEE 3D) echocardiogram revealed a left atrial mass attached to the interatrial septum. The mass was surgically removed and histopathologic findings showed myxoma. The second had history of chronic intermittent diarrhea. A thoraco-abdominal CT showed a left atrial mass. The TEE 3D echocardiography reported an intracardiac mass attached to the roof of the left atrium. The mass was surgically removed and the histopathogical findings showed a myxoma, with dystrophic ossification and extramedullary hematopoiesis. TEE 3D echocardiography provides an acceptable morphological characterisation of intracardiac masses, with good correlation with surgery.
Successful treatment of primary cardiac lymphoma causing ST-elevation myocardial infarction by percutaneous coronary intervention combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Nagatomo Daisuke , Oyama Jun-ichi , Yoshihara Mari , Node Koichi
Published: November 2014

A 76-year-old immunocompetent woman presented to our hospital with general fatigue. Her blood pressure was 60/40 mm Hg and pulse rate was 110 bpm. An electrocardiogram showed ST-elevation in the II, III and aVF leads with complete atrioventricular block. An echocardiogram and CT revealed pericardial effusion and a 6 cm solid tumour lying anterior to the heart. The right coronary artery (RCA) ran through the centre of the tumour, which bulged into the right atrium for 35 mm and vibrated. Emergent coronary angiography revealed 99% stenosis with delay at the proximal RCA; however, intravascular ultrasound showed no atheromatous changes, and the RCA was compressed by the extravascular mass. Successful coronary stenting improved the coronary flow. The following day, a biopsy was performed via thoracotomy without any events, the results of which showed diffuse-type large B-cell lymphoma histologically. Chemotherapy gradually reduced the tumour size, and the patient became stable haemodynamically.
Preliminary economic appraisal of personal rapid transit (PRT) and urban gondola feeder systems serving a university campus and its surrounding major attractions
Authors: Tahmasseby Shahram , Kattan Lina
Published: November 2014

Personal rapid transit (PRT) and urban gondolas are two types of driverless transit vehicles that are increasingly attracting attention as viable mass transit alternatives in urban environments. Both systems are identified with high reliability of travel time, as they have their own right of way and, thus, do not interact with vehicular traffic. They are also associated with environmental benefits, resulting from their low emissions, energy use, and noise pollution. The objective of this study is the investigation of the potential economic viability of the implementation a PRT feeder line linking the University of Calgary to its surrounding major attraction centres, compared to that of two types of urban gondola systems. The main focus of the research is the examination of the thresholds and feasibility of these emerging urban transit systems relative to certain important inputs, such as capital costs, ridership levels, and modal shift from other modes. The VISSIM microsimulation tool was used to simulate the operation of these systems to replicate more closely the on-demand nature of PRT and to get better estimates of the operating speed, reliability, and passengers waiting, boarding and alighting times for both types of examined systems. The project efficiency was analyzed given the calculated economic cash flow for a certain period (e.g., 30 years). The results indicate that the three examined systems differed widely in terms of their capital cost, maintenance and operating cost, capacity, and their anticipated benefits.
Wood placement in river restoration: fact, fiction, and future direction
Authors: Roni Philip , Beechie Tim , Pess George , Hanson Karrie
Published: November 2014

Despite decades of research on wood in rivers, the addition of wood as a river restoration technique remains controversial. We reviewed the literature on natural and placed wood to shed light on areas of continued debate. Research on river ecology demonstrates that large woody debris has always been a natural part of most rivers systems. Although a few studies have reported high structural failure rates (>50%) of placed instream wood structures, most studies have shown relatively low failure rates (<20%) and that placed wood remains stable for several years, though long-term evaluations of placed wood are rare. The vast majority of studies on wood placement have reported improvements in physical habitat (e.g., increased pool frequency, cover, habitat diversity). Studies that have not reported improvements in physical habitat often found that watershed processes (e.g., sediment, hydrology, water quality) had not been addressed. Finally, most evaluations of fish response to wood placement have shown positive responses for salmonids, though few studies have looked at long-term watershed-scale responses or studied a wide range of species.
Nematode parasites and leukocyte profiles of Northern Leopard Frogs,Rana pipiens: location, location, location
Authors: Shutler Dave , Gendron Andrée D. , Rondeau Myriam , Marcogliese David J.
Published: November 2014

Globally, amphibians face a variety of anthropogenic stresses that include exposure to contaminants such as agricultural pesticides. Pesticides may negatively affect amphibian immune systems, concomitantly increasing susceptibility to parasitism. We quantified nematodes and evaluated leukocyte profiles of Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber, 1782) collected from five wetlands in southwestern Quebec, Canada, that spanned a gradient of pesticide exposure. Three taxa of nematode parasites (Rhabdias ranae Walton, 1929, genus Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917, and genus Strongyloides Grassi, 1879) were sufficiently numerous for detailed evaluation. When all frogs were pooled, frog size was negatively correlated with nematode species richness, abundances of each of the three nematode species, and densities of three different leukocytes. When all frogs were pooled, there was strong evidence of both negative and positive associations between pairs of parasite species. However, none of the previous relationships was significant within wetlands. Our results reveal strong spatial organization of amphibian–parasite communities and illustrate the importance of controlling for sampling locale in evaluating host–parasite associations. Finally, although several response variables varied significantly among wetlands, causes of this variation did not appear to be related to variation in nematode parasitism or pesticide exposure.
Biotransformation of Indigo Pigment by Indigenously Isolated Pseudomonas sp. HAV-1 and Assessment of Its Antioxidant Property
Authors: Dua Aditi , Chauhan Kishor , Pathak Hilor
Published: November 2014

Chemical synthesis of indigo poses harsh environmental hazards and adverse human health effects. This necessitates an environment-friendly and producer-friendly approach for indigo production. The present study was thus significant as it reports an indigenously isolated potential indigo pigment producing culture identified as Pseudomonas sp. HAV-1 with noteworthy antioxidant property. The bioindigo pigment was characterized using various analytical techniques. The pigment production was enhanced from 412 μg mL−1 to 700 μg mL−1 by optimizing the growth parameters. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of indigo pigment is hitherto unexplored. This property can significantly append to its therapeutic potential. The bioindigo pigment produced by Pseudomonas sp. HAV-1 depicted 2.2 μM ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant property. More to the point, the present work addresses a footstep towards green production of indigo.
Canine Fecal Contamination in a Metropolitan Area (Milan, North-Western Italy): Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Evaluation of Health Risks
Authors: Zanzani Sergio Aurelio , Di Cerbo Anna Rita , Gazzonis Alessia Libera , Genchi Marco , Rinaldi Laura , Musella Vincenzo , Cringoli Giuseppe , Manfredi Maria Teresa
Published: November 2014

Intestinal parasites of dogs represent a serious threat to human health due to their zoonotic potential. Thus, metropolitan areas presenting high concentrations of pets and urban fecal contamination on public areas are at sanitary risk. Major aim of this survey was to determine prevalence of zoonotic parasites in dog fecal samples collected from public soil of Milan (north-western Italy). Differences in parasites prevalence distribution were explored by a geographical information system- (GIS-) based approach, and risk factors (human density, sizes of green parks, and dog areas) were considered. The metropolitan area was divided into 157 rectangular subareas and sampling was performed following a 1-kilometer straight transect. A total of 463 fecal samples were analyzed using centrifugation-flotation technique and ELISA to detectGiardiaandCryptosporidiumcoproantigens. A widespread fecal contamination of soil was highlighted, being fecal samples found in 86.8% of the subareas considered. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 16.63%. Zoonotic parasites were found, such asTrichuris vulpis(3.67%),Toxocara canis(1.72%),Strongyloides stercoralis(0.86%), Ancylostomatidae (0.43%), andDipylidium caninum(0.43%).Giardia duodenaliswas the most prevalent zoonotic protozoa (11.06%), followed byCryptosporidium(1.10%). Faeces from subareas characterized by broad green areas showed to be particularly prone to infection.
A Proposed Methodology to Control Body Temperature in Patients at Risk of Hypothermia by means of Active Rewarming Systems
Authors: Costanzo Silvia , Cusumano Alessia , Giaconia Carlo , Mazzacane Sante
Published: November 2014

Hypothermia is a common complication in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. It has been noted that, during the first hour of surgery, the patient’s internal temperature (Tcore) decreases by 0.5–1.5°C due to the vasodilatory effect of anesthetic gases, which affect the body’s thermoregulatory system by inhibiting vasoconstriction. Thus a continuous check on patient temperature must be carried out. The currently most used methods to avoid hypothermia are based on passive systems (such as blankets reducing body heat loss) and on active ones (thermal blankets, electric or hot-water mattresses, forced hot air, warming lamps, etc.). Within a broader research upon the environmental conditions, pollution, heat stress, and hypothermia risk in operating theatres, the authors set up an experimental investigation by using a warming blanket chosen from several types on sale. Their aim was to identify times and ways the human body reacts to the heat flowing from the blanket and the blanket’s effect on the average temperatureTskinand, as a consequence, onTcoretemperature of the patient. The here proposed methodology could allow surgeons to fix in advance the thermal power to supply through a warming blanket for reaching, in a prescribed time, the desired body temperature starting from a given state of hypothermia.
Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model
Authors: Chang Chih-Zen , Lin Chih-Lung , Wu Shu-Chuan , Kwan Aij-Lie
Published: November 2014

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in a SAH model. A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested to examine HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression (Western blot). CSF samples were to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α(rt-PCR). Deformed endothelial wall, tortuous elastic lamina, and necrotic smooth muscle were observed in the vessels of SAH groups but were absent in the purpurogallin group. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αin the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups were significantly elevated(P<0.01). Purpurgallin dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression. Likewise, high dose purpurogallin reduced TNF-αand HMGB1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, purpurogallin exerts its neuroinflammation effect through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-αmRNA expression and reducing HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression. This study supports purpurogallin could attenuate both proinflammatory cytokines and late-onset inflammasome in SAH induced vasospasm.
Numerical Solutions of the Nonlinear Fractional-Order Brusselator System by Bernstein Polynomials
Authors: Khan Hasib , Jafari Hossein , Khan Rahmat Ali , Tajadodi Haleh , Johnston Sarah Jane
Published: November 2014

In this paper we propose the Bernstein polynomials to achieve the numerical solutions of nonlinear fractional-order chaotic system known by fractional-order Brusselator system. We use operational matrices of fractional integration and multiplication of Bernstein polynomials, which turns the nonlinear fractional-order Brusselator system to a system of algebraic equations. Two illustrative examples are given in order to demonstrate the accuracy and simplicity of the proposed techniques.
Assessment of the Potential of CDK2 Inhibitor NU6140 to Influence the Expression of Pluripotency Markers NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 in 2102Ep and H9 Cells
Authors: Kallas Ade , Pook Martin , Trei Annika , Maimets Toivo
Published: November 2014

As cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression and RNA transcription, CDKs are attractive targets for creating cancer cell treatments. In this study we investigated the effects of the small molecular agent NU6140 (inhibits CDK2 and cyclin A interaction) on human embryonic stem (hES) cells and embryonal carcinoma-derived (hEC) cells via the expression of transcription factors responsible for pluripotency. A multiparameter flow cytometric method was used to follow changes in the expression of NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 together in single cells. Both hES and hEC cells responded to NU6140 treatment by induced apoptosis and a decreased expression of NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 in surviving cells. A higher sensitivity to NU6140 application in hES than hEC cells was detected. NU6140 treatment arrested hES and hEC cells in the G2 phase and inhibited entry into the M phase as evidenced by no significant increase in histone 3 phosphorylation. When embryoid bodies (EBs) formed from NU6104 treated hES cells were compared to EBs from untreated hES cells differences in ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal lineages were found. The results of this study highlight the importance of CDK2 activity in maintaining pluripotency of hES and hEC cells and in differentiation of hES cells.