bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo transcriptome profiling and development of novel secondary metabolites based genic SSRs in medicinal plant Phyllanthus emblica L. (Aonla)
Authors: Kapoor Bhuvnesh , Sharma Megha , Sharma Rajnish , Zadokar Ashwini , Thakur Anamika , Sharma Parul , Kumar Suresh , Rozar K. Pung , Kumar Kewat Sanjay , Hegde Nagaraj , Pandey Devendra
Published: October 2023

Phyllanthus emblica (Aonla, Indian Gooseberry) is known to have various medicinal properties, but studies to understand its genetic structure are limited. Among the various secondary metabolites, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and tannins possess great potential for its pharmacological applications. Keeping this consideration, we assembled the transcriptome using the Illumina RNASeq500 platform, generating 39,933,248 high-quality paired-end reads assembled into 1,26,606 transcripts. A total of 87,771 unigenes were recovered after isoforms and unambiguous sequences deletion. Functional annotation of 43,377 coding sequences against the NCBI non-redundant (Nr) database search using BlastX yielded 38,692 sequences containing blast hits and found 4685 coding sequences to be unique. The transcript showed maximum similarity to Hevea brasilensis (16%), followed by to Jatropha curcas (12%). Considering key genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and various classes of terpenoid compounds, thirty EST-SSR primer sequences were designed based on transcriptomic data. Of which, 12 were found to be highly polymorphic with an average of 86.38%. The average value for marker index (MI), effective multiplicity ratio (EMR), resolution power (Rp) and polymorphic information content (PIC) was 7.20, 8.34, 8.64 and 0.80, respectively. Thus, from this study, we developed newly EST-SSRs linked to important genes involved in the secondary metabolites biosynthesis that will be serving as an invaluable genetic resource for crop improvement including the selection of elite genotypes in P. emblica and its closely related Phyllanthaceae species.
METTL3/IGF2BP2 axis affects the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating m6A modification of STAG3
Authors: Yi Jianmei , Peng Feng , Zhao Jingli , Gong Xiaosong
Published: October 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the commonest malignant tumors of humans. Existing evidence has linked the poor prognosis of CRC with high expression of stromal antigen 3 (STAG3), but, the exact biological effect of STAG3 in CRC is still unclear. The aim of this research is to reveal the biological function and molecular mechanism of STAG3 in CRC. To investigate the differential expression of STAG3 in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to normal colon tissues and cell lines, Western blot (WB) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques were utilized. STAG3 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification level were identified using m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP). Additionally, the functional roles of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in CRC were explored by manipulating their levels via knockdown or overexpression. Cell proliferation was evaluated through Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) and clone formation experiments, while cell migration was assessed through wound healing experiments. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry, and the protein expressions associated with proliferation and apoptosis were detected using WB. To identify the specific binding of target genes, RIP and pull-down assays were employed. Finally, the biological function of STAG3 in vivo was investigated through a xenotransplantation mouse tumor model. In CRC tissues and cell lines, STAG3 was up-regulated and accompanied by m6A methylation. Additionally, the expression of METTL3 was found to be upregulated in CRC tissues. Knocking down METTL3 resulted in a decrease in both the m6A level and protein expression of STAG3, inhibited cell proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis, which were restored through STAG3 overexpression. Furthermore, online prediction indicated the interaction between STAG3 mRNA and IGF2BP2 protein, which was further verified by RIP experiments. IGF2BP2 downregulation led to decreased STAG3 protein expression, cell proliferation, and migration, but increased apoptosis. However, these impacts were reversed by STAG3 overexpression. Finally, subcutaneous tumor experiments conducted in nude mice also confirmed that METTL3 regulated CRC progression through STAG3 in vivo. The METTL3/IGF2BP2/STAG3 axis affects CRC progression in an m6A modification-dependent manner. This may guide targeted therapy in CRC patients.
Arthrocentesis approaches to the phalangeal joints of the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Al Aiyan Ahmad , King Fransina Christina , Aldarwich Adnan , Kishore Uday , Shawaf Turke
Published: October 2023

Irrespective of the exceptional adaptation of dromedaries to harsh environmental conditions, they remain highly susceptible to joint lameness resulting from a range of diverse factors and conditions. The joints most often affected by traumatic osteoarthritis in dromedaries are the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. A comprehensive understanding of joint anatomy and topography of the dromedary is required to perform arthrocentesis correctly on affected joints. Forty-two distal limbs were taken from 28 camels and studied by gross dissection, casting, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT). Representative three-dimensional models of the joint cavities, recesses, and pouches were obtained using different casting agents. This study provides a detailed description of dorsally, axially, and abaxially positioned joint recesses, as well as palmar/plantar positioned joint pouches. The safety and feasibility of the different arthrocentesis approaches were evaluated. The traditional dorsal arthrocentesis approach of the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints, has limitations due to the risk of damaging the tendon structures and articular cartilage, which can lead to joint degeneration. A lateral arthrocentesis approach via the proximal palmar/plantar pouches of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints is recommended. This approach eliminates the potential needle injury to the articulating joint cartilage and other surrounding joint structures, such as tendons, blood vessels, and nerves.
Modeling the potential global distribution of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis under climate change
Authors: ElShahed Sara M. , Mostafa Zahia K. , Radwan Marwa H. , Hosni Eslam M.
Published: October 2023

The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis is a highly invasive insect pest that causes extensive damage to many of the primary food crops. Considering the recent challenges facing global food production including climate change, knowledge about the invasive potential of this pest is essential. In this study, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the current global spatial distribution of the pest and the future distribution using two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 in 2050 and 2070. High AUC and TSS values indicated model accuracy and high performance. Response curves showed that the optimal temperature for the S.littoralis is between 10 and 28 °C. The pest is currently found in Africa and is widely distributed across the Middle East and throughout Southern Europe. MaxEnt results revealed that the insect will shift towards Northern Europe and the Americas. Further, China was seen to have a suitable climate. We also extrapolated the impact of these results on major producing countries and how this affects trade flow, which help decision makers to take the invasiveness of such destructive pest into their account.
Human peritoneal tight junction, transporter and channel expression in health and kidney failure, and associated solute transport
Authors: Levai Eszter , Marinovic Iva , Bartosova Maria , Zhang Conghui , Schaefer Betti , Jenei Hanna , Du Zhiwei , Drozdz Dorota , Klaus Günter , Arbeiter Klaus , Romero Philipp , Schwenger Vedat , Schwab Constantin , Szabo Attila J. , Zarogiannis Sotirios G. , Schmitt Claus Peter
Published: October 2023

Next to the skin, the peritoneum is the largest human organ, essentially involved in abdominal health and disease states, but information on peritoneal paracellular tight junctions and transcellular channels and transporters relative to peritoneal transmembrane transport is scant. We studied their peritoneal localization and quantity by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in health, in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on peritoneal dialysis (PD), with the latter allowing for functional characterizations, in a total of 93 individuals (0–75 years). Claudin-1 to -5, and -15, zonula occludens-1, occludin and tricellulin, SGLT1, PiT1/SLC20A1 and ENaC were consistently detected in mesothelial and arteriolar endothelial cells, with age dependent differences for mesothelial claudin-1 and arteriolar claudin-2/3. In CKD mesothelial claudin-1 and arteriolar claudin-2 and -3 were more abundant. Peritonea from PD patients exhibited increased mesothelial and arteriolar claudin-1 and mesothelial claudin-2 abundance and reduced mesothelial and arteriolar claudin-3 and arteriolar ENaC. Transperitoneal creatinine and glucose transport correlated with pore forming arteriolar claudin-2 and mesothelial claudin-4/-15, and creatinine transport with mesothelial sodium/phosphate cotransporter PiT1/SLC20A1. In multivariable analysis, claudin-2 independently predicted the peritoneal transport rates. In conclusion, tight junction, transcellular transporter and channel proteins are consistently expressed in peritoneal mesothelial and endothelial cells with minor variations across age groups, specific modifications by CKD and PD and distinct associations with transperitoneal creatinine and glucose transport rates. The latter deserve experimental studies to demonstrate mechanistic links.

Clinical Trial registration: The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01893710).
Neutralization against Omicron sublineages (BA.2/BA.5/BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5) in bivalent BNT162b2-vaccinated HCWs with or without risk factors, or following BT infection with Omicron
Authors: Amano Masayuki , Otsu Sachiko , Uemura Yukari , Ichikawa Yasuko , Matsumoto Shota , Higashi-Kuwata Nobuyo , Matsushita Shuzo , Shimada Shinya , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: October 2023

SARS-CoV-2-BA.4/5-adapted-bivalent-BNT162b2-vaccine (bvBNT), developed in response to the recent emergence of immune-evasive Omicron-variants, has been given to individuals who completed at least 2-doses of the monovalent-BNT162b2-vaccine (mvBNT). In the present cohort study, we evaluated neutralization-titers (NT50s) against Wuhan-strain (SCoV2Wuhan) and Omicron-sublineages including BA.2/BA.5/BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5, and vaccine-elicited S1-binding-IgG in sera from participants-vaccinated with 5th-bvBNT following 4th-mvBNT. The 5th-bvBNT-dose elicited good protective-activity against SCoV2Wuhan with geometric-mean (gMean)-NT50 of 1966–2091, higher than the peak-values post-4th-mvBNT with no statistical significance, and favorable neutralization-activity against not only BA.5 but also BA.2, with ~ 3.2-/~ 2.2-fold greater gMean-NT50 compared to the peak-values post-4th-mvBNT-dose, in participants with or without risk factors. However, neutralization-activity of sera post-5th-bvBNT-dose was low against BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5. Interestingly, participants receiving bvBNT following breakthrough (BT) infection during Omicron-wave had significantly enhanced neutralization-activity against SCoV2Wuhan/BA.2/BA.5 with ~ 4.6-/~ 6.3-/~ 8.1-fold greater gMean-NT50, respectively, compared to uninfected participants receiving bvBNT. Sera from BT-infected-participants receiving bvBNT had enhanced neutralization-activity against BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5 by ~ 3.8-fold compared to those from the same participants post-4th-mvBNT-dose, and had enhanced gMean-NT50 ~ 5.4-fold greater compared to those of uninfected-participants’ sera post-bvBNT. These results suggest that repeated stimulation brought about by exposure to BA.5’s-Spike elicit favorable cross-neutralization-activity against various SARS-CoV-2-variants.
Complement receptor type 1 and 2 (CR1 and CR2) gene polymorphisms and plasma protein levels are associated with the Dengue disease severity
Authors: Diep Nguy Thi , Giang Ngo Truong , Diu Nguyen Thi Thuy , Nam Nguyen Minh , Khanh Le Van , Quang Ha Van , Hang Ngo Thu , Mao Can Van , Son Ho Van , Hieu Nguyen Lan , Linh Phan Tung , Sklan Ella H. , Toan Nguyen Linh , Tong Hoang Van
Published: October 2023

The pathological outcome of dengue disease results from complex interactions between dengue virus (DENV) and host genetics and immune response. Complement receptor types 1 and 2 (CR1 and CR2) mediate complement activation through the alternative pathway. This study investigated the possible association of genetic polymorphisms and plasma levels of CR1 and CR2 with dengue disease. A total of 267 dengue patients and 133 healthy controls were recruited for this study. CR1 and CR2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, while plasma CR1 and CR2 levels were measured by ELISA. The frequency of the CR1 minor allele rs6691117G was lower in dengue patients and those with severe dengue compared to healthy controls. Plasma CR1 and CR2 levels were decreased in dengue patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001) and were associated with platelet counts. CR1 levels were lower in dengue patients with warning signs (DWS) compared to those without DWS, while CR2 levels were decreased according to the severity of the disease and after 5 days (T1) and 8 days (T2) of follow-up. CR2 levels were decreased in dengue patients positive for anti-DENV IgG and IgM and patients with bleeding and could discriminate DWS and SD from dengue fever patients (AUC = 0.66). In conclusion, this study revealed a reduction in CR2 levels in dengue patients and that the CR1 SNP rs6691117A/G is associated with the dengue severity. The correlation of CR2 levels with platelet counts suggests that CR2 could be an additional biomarker for the prognosis of severe dengue disease.
Enhanced detection of viruses for improved water safety
Authors: Hayes Emalie K. , Gouthro Madison T. , Fuller Megan , Redden David J. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: October 2023

Human viruses pose a significant health risk in freshwater environments, but current monitoring methods are inadequate for detecting viral presence efficiently. We evaluated a novel passive in-situ concentration method using granular activated carbon (GAC). This study detected and quantified eight enteric and non-enteric, pathogenic viruses in a freshwater recreational lake in paired grab and GAC passive samples. The results found that GAC passive sampling had a higher detection rate for all viruses compared to grab samples, with adenovirus found to be the most prevalent virus, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, norovirus, enterovirus, influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and rotavirus. GAC in-situ concentration allowed for the capture and recovery of viral gene copy targets that ranged from one to three orders of magnitude higher than conventional ex-situ concentration methods used in viral monitoring. This simple and affordable sampling method may have far-reaching implications for reducing barriers associated with viral monitoring across various environmental contexts.
Comparative analysis of pancreatic amylase activity in laboratory rodents
Authors: Böswald Linda F. , Kienzle Ellen , Matzek Dana , Schmitz Marion , Popper Bastian A.
Published: October 2023

Alpha-amylase is the main enzyme for starch digestion in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. There are species differences in the enzymatic activity of pancreatic amylase that are related to the digestive strategy and natural diet of a species. This aspect is well investigated in pet and farm animals, while in common laboratory animal rodents, information is scarce. In the context of the 3R concept, detailed knowledge of the digestive physiology should be the basis of adequate nutrition, experimental planning and data interpretation. The present study aimed to obtain reference data on amylase activity in pancreatic tissue and duodenal digesta in laboratory mice, rats and hamsters. In addition, digesta was stained with Lugol’s iodine to visualize starch in the process of degradation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Amylase activity in pancreatic tissue and duodenal digesta was significantly lower in hamsters than rats and mice. The Lugol staining showed intense starch degradation in the hamsters’ forestomachs, presumably by microbial fermentation. A possible explanation is that the prae-duodenal microbial starch fermentation enhances digestibility and reduces the need for pancreatic amylase in hamsters. Rats and mice may rely more on pancreatic amylase for prae-caecal starch digestion, while the microbial fermentation is mainly located in the caecum. The results clearly show species differences in the digestive capacity for starch in mice, rats and hamsters that need to be considered in the feeding of these species in the laboratory setting as well as in the use of rodents as translational animal models.
Increased Ca2 + transport across the mitochondria-associated membranes by Mfn2 inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in ischemia/reperfusion kidney injury
Authors: Wang Shun , Sang Xiaohong , Li Suhua , Yang Wenjun , Wang Shihan , Chen Haixia , Lu Chen
Published: October 2023

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in a variety of clinical situations. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of Mfn2 during renal I/R injury. Overexpression of Mfn2 in NRK-52E rat renal tubular epithelial cells and rats, then we constructed hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) cells and I/R rat model. Apoptosis, ROS, ATP, Ca2+ levels in cells and rats, as well as renal tissue and functional injury in rats were detected respectively. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was further examined in cells and rats. The morphological changes of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) were also detected. Mfn2 expression is reduced in H/R-treated NRK-52E cells and renal tissue of I/R rats. At the cellular level, overexpression of Mfn2 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, attenuated mitochondrial damage and Ca2+ overload, and ER stress. In addition, Mfn2 also restored the MAMs structure. In vivo experiments found that overexpression of Mfn2 could improve renal function and alleviate tissue injury. Concomitant with elevated Mfn2 expression in the kidney, reduced renal cell apoptosis, restored mitochondrial function, and reduced calcium overload. Finally, ER stress in rat kidney tissue was alleviated after overexpression of Mfn2. These results reveal that Mfn2 contributes to ER stress, mitochondrial function, and cell death in I/R injury, which provides a novel therapeutic target for AKI.
Feasibility of a novel neurofeedback system: a parallel randomized single-blinded pilot study
Authors: Horváth Dávid , Négyesi János , Rácz Melinda , Győri Tamás , Matics Zsolt , Puskin Artyom , Csipor János , Rácz Levente
Published: October 2023

Neurocognitive assessment tools have been proposed to optimize, maintain, and improve perceptual-cognitive performance. Here, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a novel neurofeedback system, neuroMoon (nM), on cognitive abilities compared with one of the most popular perceptual-cognitive training (PCT) tools both in sports and rehabilitation called NeuroTracker (NT). Thirty-one young athletes performed a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests from the Vienna Test System before and after a 12-session computer-based cognitive training program using nM (n = 11, age 22.6 ± 3.8 years), nM sham (CON, n = 10, age 20.3 ± 1.2 years) or NT (n = 10, age 20.5 ± 1.7 years) device. A series of repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to detect changes in cognitive abilities in response to the training. Participants had faster median reaction time in both the color-naming and word-reading conditions of the Stroop test (all p < 0.005), regardless of group. Regarding the task switching test, statistical analysis indicated faster working time and mean reaction time of the incongruent stimuli, repetition task, and shifting task (all p < 0.005), nevertheless, these changes were also regardless of group. In addition, we found fewer omitted (pre: 17.5 ± 8.3, post: 6.4 ± 1.5, d = 1.311) and more correct (pre: 261.6 ± 36.1, post: 278.6 ± 38.7, d = − 1.020) post-intervention answers in the determination test, regardless of group. Finally, participants in each group performed the digit span backward test with larger post (6.42 ± 1.54) vs. pre (5.55 ± 1.43) scores following the PCT (d = − 0.801). Overall, PCT with nM as compared with NT induced similar results in cognitive abilities suggesting its potential to be used to achieve and maintain better mental performance. However, considering that the sham stimulation also induced similar improvements in cognitive abilities, future studies should clearly determine the cognitive measures that could benefit from NF training.
Measuring urban quality and change through the detection of physical attributes of decay
Authors: Vallebueno Andrea , Lee Yong Suk
Published: October 2023

The quality of the urban environment is crucial for societal well-being. Yet, measuring and tracking the quality of urban environment, their evolution, and spatial disparities is difficult due to the amount of on-the-ground data needed to capture these patterns. The growing availability of street view images presents new prospects in identifying urban features. However, the reliability and consistency of these methods across different locations and time remains largely unexplored. We aim to develop a comprehensive index of urban quality and change at the street segment level using Google Street View (GSV) imagery. We focus on eight object classes that indicate urban decay or contribute to an unsightly urban space, such as potholes, graffiti, garbage, tents, barred or broken windows, discolored or dilapidated façades, weeds, and utility markings. We train an object detection model on a dataset of images from different cities and assess the performance of these urban indices. We evaluate the effectiveness of this method in various urban contexts over time and discuss its potential for urban planning and public policy. We demonstrate the use of these indices in three applications: the Tenderloin in San Francisco, the Doctores and Historic Center neighborhoods in Mexico City, and South Bend, Indiana.
BNT162b2 vaccine induced variant-specific immunity, safety and risk of Omicron breakthrough infection in children aged 5 to 11 years: a cohort study
Authors: Yung Chee Fu , Le Bert Nina , Kam Kai Qian , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Tan Chee Wah , Mah Yun Yan , Zhang Jinyan , Yeoh Aileen Ying-Yan , Zhu Feng , Hariharaputran Smrithi , Chong Chia Yin , Bertoletti Antonio , Wang Linfa
Published: October 2023

There is little information on BNT162b2 vaccine-induced variant-specific immunogenicity, safety data and dynamics of breakthrough infections in pediatric populations. We addressed these questions using a prospective two dose BNT162b2 (10 mcg) vaccination cohort study of healthy children 5–11 years in Singapore. Follow up included blood samples at scheduled visits, daily vaccination symptom diary and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and spike-specific T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants were performed. The mean age of 127 participants was 8.27 years (SD 1.95) and 51.2% were males. The median sVNT level against original variant after 1 dose and 2 dose vaccination was 61.4% and 95.1% respectively (p < 0.0001). Neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant was the lowest, median 22.4% (IQR 16.5–30.8). However, T cell IFN-γ cytokine response against Omicron variant was high and remained so about 4 months after vaccination. Fever rate increased significantly from 4% (dose 1) to 11.5% (dose 2). The risk of Omicron breakthrough infection decreased by 7.8% for every 1% increase in sVNT inhibition level measured after dose 2 vaccination. BNT162b2 vaccines were safe, induced good T cell responses but poor neutralizing antibodies against Omicron in children. Low neutralizing antibody levels post-vaccination was predictive of subsequent breakthrough infection.
Hippophae rhamnoides reverses decreased CYP2D6 expression in rats with BCG-induced liver injury
Authors: Zou Huiqiong , Hao Peipei , Cao Yingying , Li Li , Ding Ruifeng , Bai Xuefeng , Xue Yongzhi
Published: October 2023

In this study, we investigated the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HRP) on the activity of CYP2D6 via the CAMP/PKA/NF-κB pathway in rats with Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG)-induced immunological liver injury. BCG (125 mg/kg) was injected to establish the rat model of liver injury. HRP was administered intragastrically for one week as the intervention drug. Proteomics techniques were used to analyze protein expression levels, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the liver injury process. ELISA or western blotting was used to detect specific protein levels. Dextromethorphan was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography to reflect the metabolic activity of CYP2D6. BCG downregulated the expression of CYP2D6, cAMP, PKA, IκB, and P-CREB and upregulated that of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CREB in the liver; HRP administration reversed these effects. Therefore, HRP may restore the metabolic function of the liver by reversing the downregulation of CYP2D6 through inhibition of NF-κB signal transduction and regulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/CYP2D6 pathway. These findings highlight the role of HRP as an alternative clinical drug for treating hepatitis B and other immune-related liver diseases.
Innovative geopolymer-based cold asphalt emulsion mixture as eco-friendly material
Authors: Dulaimi Anmar , Al Busaltan Shakir , Mydin Md Azree Othuman , Lu Dong , Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Ameen Arman
Published: October 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in cold asphalt emulsion mixture (CAEM) due to its numerous advantages, including reduced CO2 emissions, energy savings, and improved safety during construction and application. However, CAEM has often been considered inferior to hot mix asphalt (HMA) in terms of performance. To address this issue and achieve desirable performance characteristics, researchers have been exploring the modification of CAEM using high-cost additives like ordinary Portland cement. In this study, the focus was on investigating the effects of utilizing waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and calcium carbide residue (CCR) as modifiers to enhance the properties of CAEM. The aim was to develop an innovative geopolymer geopolymer-based cold asphalt emulsion mixture (GCAE). The results of the study revealed that the use of waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution led to an increase in early hydration, which was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the experimental findings demonstrated that waste alkaline Ca(OH)2 solution significantly contributed to the rapid development of early-age strength in GCAE. As a result, GCAE showed great potential for utilization in pavement applications, particularly for roads subjected to harsh service conditions involving moisture and temperature. By exploring these alternative modifiers, the study highlights a promising avenue for enhancing the performance of CAEM and potentially reducing the reliance on expensive additives like ordinary Portland cement. The development of GCAE has the potential to offer improved performance and durability in pavement applications, thus contributing to sustainable and efficient road infrastructure.
A new approach to predict microhardness of two-phase in cutting S32760 duplex stainless steel
Authors: Zhang Xiangyuan , Yang Lin , Zheng Minli , Liu Jialiang , Zhou Mingjia , Gong Fukang
Published: October 2023

The uneven distribution of microhardness in the two-phase structure of S32760 duplex stainless steel after cutting is attributed to variations in the crystal structure, which significantly impact the material's performance. This paper presents a new approach to predict the microhardness of two-phase based on the flow stresses in the austenitic and ferrite. The effect of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the flow stress in the shear plane of orthogonal cutting S32760 was analyzed, and the prediction model for microhardness of two-phase considering the two-phase flow stress was established to obtain a mapping relationship between the two-phase flow stress and the two-phase microhardness of S32760. The impact of cutting dosages on shear strain, strain rate, and temperature in the shear plane was investigated. A function relationship between cutting dosages and microhardness of austenite and ferrite in the shear plane was established, two-phase microhardness experiments were conducted, and the model's accuracy was validated with a prediction error of less than 6%. This study provided insights into the impact of strain, strain rate, and temperature in the shear plane on the microhardness of the two-phase, thus contributing to the theoretical foundation of processing techniques in duplex stainless steel.
Exploring outer space biophysical phenomena via SpaceLID
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Wang Tao , Zeng Xian , Chu Xinyi , Zhuoma Dongzhi , Zhao Yufen , Chen Yu Zong
Published: October 2023

Extensive investigations in outer space have revealed not only how life adapts to the space environment, but also that interesting biophysical phenomena occur. These phenomena affect human health and other life forms (animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi), and to ensure the safety of future human space exploration need to be further investigated. This calls for joint research efforts between biologists and physicists, as these phenomena present cross-disciplinary barriers. Various national organizations provide useful forums for bridging this gap. Additional discussion avenues and database resources are helpful for facilitating the interdisciplinary investigations of these phenomena. In this paper, we present the newly established Space Life Investigation Database (SpaceLID, https://bidd.group/spacelid/) which provides information about biophysical phenomena occurring in space. Examples obtained using the database are given while discussing the underlying causes of these phenomena and their implications for the physiology and health of life in space.
Subnational biodiversity reporting metrics for mountain ecosystems
Authors: Ly Amina , Geschke Jonas , Snethlage Mark A. , Stauffer Kerrie L. , Nussbaumer Jasmin , Schweizer Dominic , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Fischer Markus , Urbach Davnah
Published: October 2023

Biodiversity indicators are used to assess progress towards conservation and sustainability goals. However, the spatial scales, methods and assumptions of the underlying reporting metrics can affect the provided information. Using mountain ecosystems as an example, we compare biodiversity protection at subnational scale using the site-based approach of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG indicator 15.4.1) with an area-based approach compatible with the targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
DNA damage induced by CDK4 and CDK6 blockade triggers anti-tumor immune responses through cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Fan Huimin , Liu Wancheng , Zeng Yanqiong , Zhou Ying , Gao Meiling , Yang Liping , Liu Hao , Shi Yueyue , Li Lili , Ma Jiayuan , Ruan Jiayin , Cao Ruyun , Jin Xiaoxia , Chen Jian , Cheng Genhong , Yang Heng
Published: October 2023

CDK4/6 are important regulators of cell cycle and their inhibitors have been approved as anti-cancer drugs. Here, we report a STING-dependent anti-tumor immune mechanism responsible for tumor suppression by CDK4/6 blockade. Clinical datasets show that in human tissues, CDK4 and CDK6 are over-expressed and their expressions are negatively correlated with patients’ overall survival and T cell infiltration. Deletion of Cdk4 or Cdk6 in tumor cells significantly reduce tumor growth. Mechanistically, we find that Cdk4 or Cdk6 deficiency contributes to an increased level of endogenous DNA damage, which triggers the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to activate type I interferon response. Knockout of Sting is sufficient to reverse and partially reverse the anti-tumor effect of Cdk4 and Cdk6 deficiency respectively. Therefore, our findings suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors may enhance anti-tumor immunity through the STING-dependent type I interferon response.
Quasi-fractionalization of edge spin in chirality-assisted cluster-based Haldane state on triangular spin tube
Authors: Sugimoto Takanori , Tohyama Takami
Published: October 2023

Fractionalization of quantum degrees of freedom holds the key to finding new phenomena in physics, e.g., the quark model in hadron physics and the spin-charge separation in strongly-correlated electron systems. A typical example of the fractionalization in quantum spin systems is the spin-1 Haldane state, whose intriguing characteristics are well described by fractionalized virtual spins, delivering two individual spin-1/2 degrees of freedom as edge states. Here we theoretically propose an exotic extension of the Haldane state to the pseudo spin-1 model consisting of the mixture of real spin and spin chirality, resulting in quasi-fractionalization of spin-1/2 magnetization, i.e., an approximately-1/4 spin. Existence of the edge state is confirmed both analytically and numerically in a triangular spin tube, combining a low-energy perturbation theory and variational matrix-product state method. Our study not only proposes an unconventional quantum spin object but paves a way to chop the elementary quantities further.
A universal programmable Gaussian boson sampler for drug discovery
Authors: Yu Shang , Zhong Zhi-Peng , Fang Yuhua , Patel Raj B. , Li Qing-Peng , Liu Wei , Li Zhenghao , Xu Liang , Sagona-Stophel Steven , Mer Ewan , Thomas Sarah E. , Meng Yu , Li Zhi-Peng , Yang Yuan-Ze , Wang Zhao-An , Guo Nai-Jie , Zhang Wen-Hao , Tranmer Geoffrey K. , Dong Ying , Wang Yi-Tao , Tang Jian-Shun , Li Chuan-Feng , Walmsley Ian A. , Guo Guang-Can
Published: October 2023

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has the potential to solve complex graph problems, such as clique finding, which is relevant to drug discovery tasks. However, realizing the full benefits of quantum enhancements requires large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability. Here we have developed a time-bin-encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Leveraging our processor, we successfully executed clique finding on a 32-node graph, achieving approximately twice the success probability compared to classical sampling. As proof of concept, we implemented a versatile quantum drug discovery platform using this GBS processor, enabling molecular docking and RNA-folding prediction tasks. Our work achieves GBS circuitry with its universal and programmable architecture, advancing GBS toward use in real-world applications.
Sustainable Development and the Circular Economy: Concepts, Progress and Prospects
Authors: Eduljee Gev
Published: October 2023

The rate of progress towards meeting the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the target date of 2030 has slowed substantially, affected especially by the COVID-19 pandemic. Investment in SDGs is underfunded, while the contributions of both the public and private sectors are still overwhelmingly directed towards the linear economy. Developed economies and stable polities score well overall relative to challenged economies and unstable regions, exacerbated by chronic underinvestment in low- and middle-income countries. Although originating from different starting principles, the concepts of sustainable development and of the circular economy have many features in common, such that the latter has direct relevance to a number of SDGs. However, the circular economy as currently defined and applied is a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the SDGs, requiring supporting systems to action and optimise the social and environmental agendas. The challenge is to embed all three sustainability pillars into a formal, consistently applied operational circular economy framework. There are encouraging signs of convergence, though a robust theoretical assimilation and underpinning of the two concepts has yet to be attempted. The extent of integration will determine how and with what speed the circular economy will be systematically applied to achieving the SDGs.
Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensing
Authors: Sahu Krishna Manjari , Patra Swapnita , Singh Surendra Pratap , Swain Sarat Kumar
Published: October 2023

The increase in environmental pollution and its impact on human health calls for proper investigation of the levels of chemicals and biomolecules so that a pollution-free environment can be created which will provide a healthy lifestyle. This requirement for appropriate real-time analysis of analytes has led to the current domination of research interest in sensing applications. Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites (GPNCs) have emerged as prominent and effective chemical and biosensing tools for diverse types of analytes. Detection of heavy metal ions, gases, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrophenols, bisphenol A, hydrazine, amino acids, glucose, cholesterol and microbes with the help of GPNCs is discussed in this chapter. The proposed mechanisms for detection of individual analytes by GPNCs are also described in order to explain the sensing process.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for DNA Sensing
Authors: Pourmadadi Mehrab , Ostovar Shima , Eshaghi Mohammad Mahdi , Shamsabadipour Amin
Published: October 2023

With the advent of cutting-edge technologies in the field of biotechnology, more advanced biosensors with enhanced characteristics and chemical structures have been developed for biosensing purposes. In this work, graphene and its derivatives have been introduced as a compound with great potential for employment in diverse biosensors due to its remarkable chemical and mechanical properties such as high conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, extended surface area, applicable porosity with sheet-like stable structure, and modifiability. Furthermore, diverse techniques for the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors such as fluorescent biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors have been investigated for DNA sensing.
Retarding crystal transitions of polybutene-1 in blends
Authors: Cui Zefeng , Li Chuang , Liu Binyuan , Jiang Shichun
Published: October 2023

The effect of copolymers composed of 1-butene with allyltrimethylsilane (TMAS), synthesized via rac-ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium chloride (rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2)/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst, on the crystal transitions of the PB were investigated.
A comprehensive insight into deep-level defect engineering in antimony chalcogenide solar cells
Authors: Barthwal Swapnil , Singh Siddhant , Chauhan Abhishek K. , Prabhu Nimitha S. , Prabhudessai Akila G. , Ramesh K.
Published: October 2023

Antimony chalcogenides (Sb2X3, X = S and Se) are intriguing materials for flexible/wearable, lightweight, and tandem photovoltaic devices. This work highlights the deep-level defect engineering strategies for Sb2X3 thin-film solar cells.
Application of single-atom Ti-doped g-C3N4 in photocatalytic H2O2 production
Authors: Wang Tinglei , Xin Jiayu , Li Zhen , Fan Yong , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

Synthesizing highly effective photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation is still a challenge.
Halogen- and hydrogen-bonded self-assembled fibrillar networks of substituted 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitols (DBS)
Authors: Bai Y. , Nasr P. , King G. , Reid J. W. , Leontowich A. F. G. , Corradini M. G. , Weiss R. G. , Auzanneau F.-I. , Rogers M. A.
Published: October 2023

Replacing the primary hydroxyl group of 1:3,2:4-dibenzylidene sorbitol with a halogen changes the self-assembled fibrillar network and its unit cell, while iodine introduces halogen bonding.
A non-diazo approach to functionalized (2-furyl)-2-pyrrolidines through a cascade reaction of enynal-derived zinc carbenoids with β-arylaminoketones
Authors: Ou Chenxin , Ghosh Bidhan , Sharma Indrajeet
Published: October 2023

This study introduces a cascade approach that proceeds with an N–H insertion into an enynal-derived zinc–carbenoid, followed by an intramolecular aldol reaction to provide (2-furyl)-2-pyrrolidines with high diastereoselectivity (dr ≥ 98:2).
Oxidation of a triple carbo[5]helicene with hypervalent iodine
Authors: Rigoulet Florian , Artigas Albert , Ferdi Nawal , Giorgi Michel , Coquerel Yoann
Published: October 2023

Stereochemistry was found to be a critical factor in the reactivity of the diastereomers of the prototypical triple carbo[5]helicene hexabenzotriphenylene (HBTP): D3-HBTP could be converted into an oxidation rearranged product, but C2-HBTP could not be converted.
Photovoltaic properties of new solar cell based on ideal cubic NaNbO3 thin films: a combined experimental and density functional theory study
Authors: Bougoffa Amira , Mabrouki Ala Eddin , Trabelsi Abdessalem , Dhahri Essebti , Khirouni Kamel
Published: October 2023

An electrical modelization of an n-NNO/p-NNO solar cell is performed by Maple software revealed that the cell conversion efficiency can reach 17% which presents a first path to identify a new solar cell based only on perovskite material.
Catalytic depolymerization of Kraft lignin to high yield alkylated-phenols over CoMo/SBA-15 catalyst in supercritical ethanol
Authors: Rana Masud , Ghosh Shubho , Nshizirungu Theoneste , Park Jeong-Hun
Published: October 2023

Kraft lignin was subjected to CoMo/SBA-15 catalyst in supercritical ethanol for high yield of alkylated-phenolic monomers production.
A cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles exploiting flow chemistry
Authors: Disney Niamh , Smyth Megan , Wharry Scott , Moody Thomas S. , Baumann Marcus
Published: October 2023

Herein a rapid continuous flow method for the conversion of aryl ketones to nitriles is presented, which features advantages such as improved safety, substrate scope and scalability.
Parallel kinetic resolution of aziridines via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed apparent hydrolytic ring-opening
Authors: Liu Juan , Du Yi-Ying , He Yu-Shi , Liang Yan , Liu Shang-Zhong , Li Yi-Yi , Cao Yi-Ming
Published: October 2023

An intriguing chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric hydrolytic ring-opening of racemic aziridines via regiodivergent PKR is presented, providing an efficient approach for the construction of chiral β-amino alcohols.
Illuminating milling mechanochemistry by tandem real-time fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy monitoring
Authors: Julien Patrick A. , Arhangelskis Mihails , Germann Luzia S. , Etter Martin , Dinnebier Robert E. , Morris Andrew J. , Friščić Tomislav
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate a tandem spectroscopic method for in situ monitoring of mechanochemical reactions by fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy, accompanied by periodic time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) modelling.
Revealing the effect of LiOH on forming a SEI using a Co magnetic “probe”
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Ye Wanneng , Zhang Fengling , Pan Yuanyuan , Zhuo Zengqing , Zou Feihu , Xu Xixiang , Sang Xiancheng , Song Weiqi , Zhao Yue , Li Hongsen , Wang Kuikui , Lin Chunfu , Hu Han , Li Qinghao , Yang Wanli , Li Qiang
Published: October 2023

The effect of LiOH on SEI stability is elucidated systematically. These findings can provide important guidance for SEI design and protection, as well as a reference for the study of complex interface phenomena.
Selective reduction of oxalic acid to glycolic acid at low temperature in a continuous flow process
Authors: Schuler Eric , Grooten Lars , Oulego Paula , Shiju N. Raveendran , Gruter Gert-Jan M.
Published: October 2023

Oxalic acid from CO2 is a new platform chemical for a future fossil-free chemical industry. Oxalic acid can now be efficiently converted to glycolic acid via direct hydrogenation in flow reactors without requiring oxalic acid esters as intermediates.
Carbon dot engineered membranes for separation – a comprehensive review and current challenges
Authors: Parani Sundararajan , Choi Eun-young , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi Samuel , Song Jang-Kun
Published: October 2023

Carbon dot-engineered nanocomposite membranes: an emerging membrane separation technology.
Study of the effect of uranium recovery at Hap/Fe2O3 composite and Fe2O3 interfaces on the parameters of the electrical double layer
Authors: Biedrzycka Adrianna , Gładysz-Płaska Agnieszka , Skwarek Ewa
Published: October 2023

The electric double layer (edl) in the physicochemistry of colloids and electrochemistry is a term for a model of a structure appearing at the interface of two phases.
Ultrafine Co3O4 nanoparticles-engineered binary metal nitride nanorods with interfacial charge redistribution for enhanced water splitting
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Chuong , Luyen Doan Thi Luu , Zhu Xinfeng , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: October 2023

Herein, an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst based on binary metal nitride (Zn3N2–Co2N) nanorod arrays decorated with ultrathin Co3O4 nanoparticles is prepared to improve overall water splitting performance.
Robust graphene-drum bridged carbon aerogels for broadband acoustic and electromagnetic attenuation
Authors: Zhao Yijing , Niu Tianxiao , Dong Xinyu , Yang Yong , Zhai Wei
Published: October 2023

Graphene-drum bridged carbon aerogels effectively mitigate acoustic and electromagnetic pollution, offering outstanding robustness and multifunctionality for diverse applications.
A highly stretchable, self-adhesive, anti-freezing, and highly sensitive dual-network conductive hydrogel sensor for multifunctional electronic skin
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xie Di , Zhang Congcong , Xu Zesheng , Fang Yiqun , Wang Weihong , Xu Min , Song Yongming
Published: October 2023

Hydrogel-based wearable sensors have received great attention owing to their potential applications in human health detection and identification of wearable devices.
Competitive adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates on ruthenium–tin solid-solution oxides for alkaline oxygen evolution
Authors: Jia Shuyu , Zhang Jiachen , Liu Qicheng , Ma Caini , Tang Yawen , Sun Hanjun
Published: October 2023

A ruthenium–tin solid-solution oxide is constructed to regulate the strong adsorption of *O intermediates on Ru sites through competitive adsorption between Sn atoms and Ru atoms.
Reduction-responsive polymeric micelles for trans-corneal targeted delivery of microRNA-21-5p and glaucoma-specific gene therapy
Authors: Han Binze , Zhang Rong , Li Liping , Hu Chunchun , Li Mengwei , Liu Jiamin , Sun Xinghuai , Fan Wenpei , Xie Jinbing , Lei Yuan
Published: October 2023

A biocompatible polymeric poly(l-lysine) (PLL) micelle conjugated with collagenase and ABCA1 antibody was constructed to achieve trans-corneal and target delivery of miR-21-5p to the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC).
Gallium-based metal–organic frameworks loaded with antimicrobial peptides for synergistic killing of drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Liu Shuo , Ji Yuxin , Zhu Hangqi , Shi Zhishang , Li Mingchun , Yu Qilin
Published: October 2023

One-step synthesis of gallium-based metal–organic frameworks loaded with antimicrobial peptides at room temperature for synergistic killing of drug-resistant bacteria.
Biocompatible quaternary pullulan functionalized 2D MoS2 glycosheet-based non-leaching and infection-resistant coatings for indwelling medical implants
Authors: Roy Shounak , Haloi Prakash , B. Siva Lokesh , Chawla Saurabh , Badireenath Konkimalla V. , Jaiswal Amit
Published: October 2023

Quaternary pullulan functionalized MoS2 glycosheets as antibacterial coating material for preventing implant-associated infections.