bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P0.1 is associated with duration of ventilation and mortality in patients with COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Haar Else ter , Renes Maurits , Zijlstra Hendrik , Recinos Salvador , Dieperink Peter , Bergh Walter van den , Droogh Joep , Vonk Judith , Pillay Janesh
Published: September 2024

Rationale In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), optimal timing of transition from controlled to assisted ventilation and the ventilatory parameters which define this are unknown. Premature transition may impair recovery of an injured lung through patient self-inflicted lung injury.
Objectives To investigate whether the airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) directly after transition to assisted ventilation is associated with the duration of ventilation and mortality.
Methods Invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS were retrospectively identified. P0.1 was recorded for 24 hours after transition to assisted ventilation. The primary endpoint was the number of ventilator-free days while being alive in the 28 days following the first transition from controlled to assisted ventilation (VFDav-28). Secondary outcome was ICU mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with outcome parameters. ROC curves were generated to assess predictive values.
Measurements and Main Results 78 patients with COVID-ARDS were included. Higher (more negative) P0.1 was associated with less VFDav-28 and higher ICU mortality. The predictive value of P0.1 for both VFDav-28 and mortality was good (AUC 0.75).
Conclusions This study shows that P0.1 directy after transition to assited ventilation is associated with prolonged duration of invasive ventilation and ICU mortality.
UBL7 is indispensable for spermiogenesis through protecting critical factors from excessive degradation by proteasomes
Authors: Wang Fengchao , Yuan Tianyi , Yang Jiajun , Xu Dan , Li Huiqi , Min Wanping
Published: September 2024

Spermiogenesis is a tightly regulated process to produce mature sperm cells. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in controlling protein half-life and is essential for spermiogenesis. Recently, proteins containing ubiquitin-like domains and ubiquitin-associated domains (UBL-UBA proteins) have emerged as novel regulators within the UPS. In this study, we demonstrate that UBL7, a testis-enriched UBL-UBA protein, is indispensable for sperm formation. Deficiency of UBL7 leads to severe malformations of both the sperm tail and head. Mechanistically, UBL7 interacts with the valosin-containing protein (VCP) complex and proteasomes, and shuttles substrates between them. Notably, UBL7 slows down the degradation rates of substrates involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) within cells. Through a two-step immunoprecipitation method, we identify several essential factors in spermatids that are protected by UBL7, including factors involved in the development of manchette (such as IFT88), head-tail coupling apparatus (such as SPATA20) and cytoplasmic droplets (such as HK1). In summary, our findings highlight UBL7 as a guardian that protects crucial factors from excessive degradation and thereby ensures successful spermiogenesis.
Exploring the Development of Spatial Orientation and the Cognitive Levels of Preschoolers During “Three-stage” Constructive Play
Authors: Zheng Xinyue , Wu Xiaomin , Li Wen , Cao Xuetong , Su Yongming , Chen Wen
Published: September 2024

Spatial orientation cognition is a crucial indicator of individual cognitive ability. The preschool period is a critical phase for nurturing children's spatial ability, and interventions are required to enhance preschoolers' level of spatial orientation cognition. This study designed a constructive play divided into three stages: orientation play, task-based play, and competitive play, which aimed to gradually enhance children's core experiences in perceived orientation, spatial language, and visual imagery. The study selected 110 children aged 5-6-year-old from a public kindergarten, randomly divided into an experimental group (N=55) and a control group (N=55). The experimental group received eight weeks of constructive play teaching, while the control group participated in regular teaching activities. The results showed that both the experimental and control groups significantly improved in seven dimensions of spatial orientation cognition, but the improvement and the extent of improvement were more significant in the experimental group. It indicates that the constructive play design of this study can effectively enhance the spatial orientation cognitive level of 5-6-year-old children, and the conventional teaching plays a role, some of which are the result of natural development. The present findings shows that preschool teachers should intervene in children's spatial orientation cognition as early as possible, pay attention to individual differences among children when nurturing their spatial abilities, and fully leverage the advantages of constructive play.
Tightly security code based two tier signature using
chameleon hash functions
Authors: YONG  , Ismail Eddie Shahril
Published: September 2024

The advancement of quantum algorithms threatens traditional digital signatures, prompting the exploration of post-quantum solutions such as code-based signatures with chameleon hash functions. This study investigates the security effectiveness of chameleon hash-based signatures within the hash-and-sign framework, emphasizing their superior resistance to quantum-based attacks. These signatures provide not only non-repudiation and authentication but also possess non-transferable properties, ensuring their validity is confined to a designated verifier without requiring the private key from the public key holder. Furthermore, the non-interactive nature of the proposed scheme preserves efficiency comparable to that of classical schemes, making it a compelling option for quantum-resistant digital signatures.
In this paper, we introduce an innovative Kabatianskii-Krouk-Smeets (KKS) scheme over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q^m}$, which represents a significant advancement in cryptographic security. A key component of this proposal is the utilization of Chameleon hash functions, which form the foundation of the KKS scheme and operate using both Hamming and rank metrics. These functions are instrumental in constructing digital signature schemes that deliver not only enhanced security but also improved performance, positioning this framework as a strong contender in post-quantum cryptography.
To validate the proposed schemes, we carry out a thorough formal analysis of their security properties, confirming their robustness against key compromise and forgery attacks. Additionally, we perform an extensive performance evaluation to illustrate the schemes' efficiency and practical usability in real-world cryptographic applications.
We introduce a two-tier signature scheme combining Chameleon hash functions with KKS schemes. This approach uses rank metrics and large finite fields, enhancing security while maintaining system efficiency through the additional protective layers provided by Chameleon hash functions.
MSC: 94A60
The process of island abandonment by humans in recent European history
Authors: Mologni Fabio
Published: September 2024

Humans have inhabited islands since prehistoric times, often cyclically occupying and abandoning them. While these patterns are increasingly well-explored archaeologically, recent temporal changes in the island biogeography of humans are still poorly understood, with consequences for the social, economic and conservation planning of islands. Here, I asked: (1) at what rates European islands were abandoned in the last 150 years, (2) whether the process of abandonment is scale-dependent and, if so, whether small islands were abandoned more consistently than large islands and (3) whether abandonment rates and the shift from smaller to larger islands increased latitudinally? I collected data for 1850 (±20) and current human inhabitation across seven archipelagos and 234 islands across Europe. I used regression techniques (i.e. logistic and linear) to explore the process of island abandonment in recent human history. Across all islands, 29.5% have been abandoned in the last 150 years. The process of abandonment is scale-dependent and smaller islands were abandoned more consistently than larger islands. Rates of abandonment increased latitudinally and were higher in northern Europe compared to southern Europe. However, scale-dependent processes were similar across the latitudinal gradient. In conclusion, a large number of islands were abandoned in Europe in the last 150 years, more so if small in size and at higher latitudes. These results bridge with previous archaeological work and have implications across several disciplines, including the sustainability of small island economies, climate adaptation strategies and conservation planning.

Of 234 European islands, almost a third were abandoned in the last 150 years, with rates ranging from 3.33% to 56% depending on the archipelago.

Small islands were abandoned more consistently, likely due to the limited amount of resources and space available.

Northern European islands were abandoned more consistently, likely due to harsher climatic conditions.

Despite general trends, idiosyncratic differences among archipelagos exist because of varying historical, social, and political circumstances.

Future trends might differ due to shifts in viable economic activities (e.g. tourism), technological advancements, and the impact of climate change.
GPT Alumni AI Pesquisa: Tutorial Prático para a Adoção e Uso Ético da Inteligência Artificial (IA) em Pesquisa Científica
Authors: Silva Altieres de Oliveira , Janes Diego dos Santos , Santos Renan
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Apresentar a utilização do GPT Alumni AI Pesquisa, um chatbot baseado no GPT-4, disponível publicamente na plataforma OpenAI, para apoiar o uso ético e transparente da Inteligência Artificial (IA) em pesquisas acadêmicas. O objetivo é orientar autores, editores e revisores sobre como empregar IA de forma responsável, garantindo a integridade científica em todo o processo editorial.
Método: O tutorial segue um formato passo a passo, explicando como acessar o Alumni AI Pesquisa e utilizar suas funcionalidades. O GPT-4 orienta sobre a aplicação ética de IA na escrita acadêmica, a supervisão de decisões editoriais assistidas por IA, além de conformidade com diretrizes editoriais e formatação de manuscritos. O uso correto de IA é incentivado por meio de exemplos práticos e referências a boas práticas globais.
Resultados: O Alumni AI Pesquisa oferece suporte imediato para diferentes perfis de usuários (autores, editores e revisores), promovendo o uso transparente de IA em manuscritos. A ferramenta permite que decisões assistidas por IA sejam validadas por supervisores humanos, assegurando a conformidade com padrões éticos e técnicos.
Conclusões: Disponível publicamente na plataforma OpenAI, o Alumni AI Pesquisa baseado no GPT-4 contribui para a promoção da integridade científica, facilitando o uso responsável de IA no ambiente acadêmico. Recomenda-se que o uso da ferramenta seja citado em publicações, mencionando sua versão (GPT-4).
KATI GRAHA CONCEPTUAL REVIEW W.S.R TO LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS
Authors:   P.G Scholar, Dept. of Panchakarma, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan EvumAnusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar., Mishra Bhumika , Gupta Ruchi ,   Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar., Mahajan Ketan ,   Professor, HOD, Dept. of Panchakarma, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar., Kumar Agrawal Atul ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar.
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda the oldest system of disease management encompasses many theories for healthy living. The historical development of Ayurveda witnessed the use of many treatment modalities for different kinds of disorders. Ayurveda successfully presented therapeutic approaches for curing different diseases and Katigraha is one of them.A significant clinical, social, economic, and public health issue that affects a wide range of people is low back pain (LBP), which is a classical symptom of Kati graha. It is a condition with numerous definitions, a wide range of potential causes, and occurrence in various population groups. As a result, the extensive body of research on Lumbar spondylosis that is now available is inconsistent as well as varied. It has been discovered that the prevalence of LBP in the Indian population varies from 6.2% in the general population to 92% in construction workers. Here in this article, the modern and ayurvedic literature is discussed.
Revisiting Cyberspace
Authors: Marshall Stephen
Published: September 2024

This commentary revisits Ken Friedman's 1998 paper on 'Building cyberspace: information, place and policy', reflecting on a formative period for the relationship between information, technology and society.
Beyond age: Decoding the investment DNA of generations Z and Y in Indonesia
Authors: Chyntia Ovami Debbi , Zurika Lubis Henny , Setiana Esa , Mustika Ita , Wulandari Sari
Published: September 2024

Investment decisions are a matter of how individuals should allocate funds into investment forms that provide future benefits. This paper investigates the impact of financial literacy, perceptions of risk and returns, family background, income, and financial technology proficiency on investment decisions among Generations Z and Y in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach, using primary data from 240 respondents through purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey to collect respondents’ perceptions and investment decisions. The Likert scale assesses indicators by eliciting responses to statements and questions. The Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach was employed for analysis utilizing WarpPLS 8.0 software. The results show that financial literacy, risk and return perception, income, and fintech proficiency significantly influence investment decisions (p < 0.05), while family background does not (p > 0.05). In addition, fintech proficiency mediates the effects of financial literacy, risk perception, family background, and income on investment decisions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that improving financial literacy and fintech skills can lead to better investment decisions among young investors. This study highlights the need for targeted financial education programs and innovative fintech solutions to support informed investment choices. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing investment decisions and to develop strategies to improve financial decision-making in this demographic group.
Examining the Lived Experiences and Identity Construct of Selected Headmistresses of Senior High Schools in the Kumasi Metropolis: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Gyamfua Kessie Agyekum Adu
Published: September 2024

Leadership roles are crucial in the sustainability of public institutions since it is the engine room for nurturing future leaders. Despite the granting of equal opportunities for females to assume leadership roles in academic institutions in Ghana compared to their male counterparts, there still remain some institutional challenges that female headmistresses have to grapple with. Using the mixed method technique, this study examined the lived experiences and identity construct of selected headmistresses of senior high schools in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. The cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling was conducted on 14 female headmistresses from 14 senior high schools in the Kumai metropolis. Interview-based structured questionnaires with one-on-one interviews were used. Study results indicate that 71% of challenges that headmistresses are exposed to are internally generated, especially in gender stereotyping by undermining female heads. On areas of headmistress’ lived experiences, 57% of respondents agree that most efforts are geared towards women advocacy, with 64% demonstrating for ambition and drive. Again, this study reveals that through disciplined leadership experience, female school heads are able to mould students to become good adults as future leaders. The study recommends for future looking studies should consider these lived experiences of female heads in relation to the demands of policymakers to make lasting resolutions which are academically and environmentally friendly.
An Investigation of Technology and E-Government Adoption in Guyana and Evaluate the Key Determining Factors for Strategic Gain
Authors: Chester Adeike
Published: September 2024

This research manuscript provides a comprehensive exploration of technology and e-government adoption in Guyana, with a primary focus on identifying the key determining factors for achieving strategic gains in digital governance. Through a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study assesses the current state of technology infrastructure and e-government initiatives in Guyana, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for improvement. Empirical investigations, including exploratory studies and surveys, were conducted to understand citizen and employee acceptance of e-government services, as well as factors influencing adoption. The research reveals insights into the usability and adoption of e-government systems in Guyana, utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model as a predictive framework. Results indicate a willingness among citizens and employees to embrace e-government services, with perceived usefulness and ease of use being significant determinants. However, issues related to trust and cultural factors require attention to enhance adoption rates. The study proposes solutions and offers a conceptual framework emphasizing the importance of e-government adoption as a strategic enabler for Guyana's ICT vision 2031. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance technology utilization and promote effective e-government services in Guyana.
On Deep Learning Approaches for Single-Turn Text-to-SQL Parsing: Concepts, Methods, and Future Directions
Authors: Manzambi Ndongala Nathan
Published: September 2024

This literature review delves into deep learning techniques for text-to-SQL parsing, exploring datasets, evaluation metrics, models, and methodologies. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the field, analyzing strengths, weaknesses, accuracy, practical applications, and scalability of various approaches. By examining the current landscape and future directions, this work serves as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and enthusiasts interested in Natural Language Processing and neural semantic parsing.
Understanding the Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Affecting Uptake of Second Dose Measles Vaccination (MCV2) among Children Under 5 in Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: O. Okoro Odi , I. Anoke Charity , A. Olaiya Paul , Ogbu Miracle A , G. Okoro Onyinyechi
Published: September 2024

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that poses a significant threat to children worldwide. Vaccination programs have been successful in reducing the burden of measles, but the complete protection against the disease requires two doses of the measles-containing vaccine (MCV 2). The study sought to identify the socio-economic and demographic factors that affect uptake of second dose of measles vaccine (MCV2) and explore the opportunities available to mitigate the challenges in Ebonyi state. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the selected areas. One focal health facility was selected in each LGA, and the target population was the birth cohort of children born between 22nd March 2021 and 22nd February 2022. The adjusted sample size for this study is 409. Results/Factors identified are child got sick after first dose, no chance to go to facility, frequent cancellation of immunization sessions, caregivers not aware of the second dose, forgetfulness, assumption of first dose being adequate for the child, relocation, no vaccine at facility and 69% of mothers and caregivers are worried that vaccines can cause a child to be sick. Among socio-demographic characteristics; there are no significant association between MCV 2 and age of the mother, maternal educational status, family monthly income, family size, and number of children alive. However, the study showed significant association between maternal occupation and vaccine out of stock at the health facility with low uptake of MCV2. Therefore, health education on the importance of MCV2 should be intensified at all levels.
Enhancing Public Sector Productivity in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mensah Bonsu William
Published: September 2024

In recent times, there have been calls on public sector workers to increase productivity in the public sector of Ghana. This comes against the backdrop that productivity in Ghana "s public sector appears to be consistently declining. While this seems to be the situation, it appears there is paucity of literature on the actual causes of productivity and how it can be improved in Ghana. Using secondary data and content analysis, this paper examines the phenomenon of low productivity in the public sector and recommends measures for improvement. Findings of the study revealed that poor remuneration systems in the public sector, political interference, and bureaucratic inertia are among the causes of low productivity in the public sector. The study recommended that public sector productivity could be enhanced through the establishment of a flexible bureaucracy, improvement in remuneration, regular monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the public sector and appointment of personnel based on merit. Political will as well as effective leadership is considered useful instrument to propel productivity in the public sector.
Prevalence of HIV Among Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Cases at the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre Zaria
Authors: Joshua Barde Bitrus , Okopi Joseph , Ahmadu Isiyaku
Published: September 2024

While multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a threat to the global fight for the elimination of Tuberculosis (TB), HIV coinfection with MDR-TB makes TB management even worse. Previous studies have reported poorer outcomes and staggering high mortality rates among persons coinfected with HIV and MDR-TB. This coinfection is said to be the leading cause of many MDR-TB-related outbreaks. However, there has been a great decline in the mortality rates reported due to the treatment of HIV with antiretroviral drugs and anti-TB drugs for MDR-TB. Coinfection of HIV and MDR-TB has high prevalence rates in certain regions of the world, including Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV among drug-resistant TB patients attending the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre (NTBLTC), Saye, to contribute to knowledge and data repository which is limited in this area. This cross-sectional study involved 135 GeneXpert MTB/RIF-screened patients. Blood samples for HIV testing were collected from patients who consented while sputum samples collected were analysed by GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Molecular Line Probe Assay. The results of this study showed an overall HIV prevalence rate of 35.6% (p<0.05) among GeneXPert MTB/RIF-positive confirmed TB subjects.HIV incidence rates among different drug-resistant groups were as follows; mono-resistant TB 19(14.1%), MDR-TB 16(11.9%) and Poly-resistance was determined to be 2 (1.5%) respectively.
Analysis of Carboplatin and STAT3 in the Breast Cancer MCF7 Cell Line
Authors: Nautiyal Manya , Ganapathy Dhanraj , K P Ameya , Sekar Durairaj
Published: September 2024

Globally, the most common cancer to be diagnosed in women is breast cancer, surpassing lung cancer. One of the treatments used is carboplatin, which is a platinum-based drug. These substances function by preventing the growth of cancerous cells. We conducted a study to evaluate the dosage dependency of carboplatin in light of the adverse effects that have been recorded in patients. After being cultivated, the MTT test was used to determine the vitality of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Afterwards, cDNA synthesis was carried out after RNA isolation using the TRIzol technique. Finally, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze gene expression. Every single result was statistically examined using SPSS. The results demonstrated that MCF-7 cell lines multiplied both before and following carboplatin therapy. Furthermore, they showed that the STAT3 gene was expressed in MCF-7 both before and during the carboplatin treatment. According to our research, if carboplatin is taken at the lowest risk dosage, it can be very beneficial in treating breast cancer. However, since this is just an early study, more investigation and pre-clinical approval are required.
Establishing a National Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System in Cameroon: Promising Practices and Challenges from Pilot Health Facilities
Authors: A Acho. , K Boris. , R Toby. , P Mendjime. , H Abessolo. , M Bayong. , J Nzoume. , S Emtom. , H Mvuh. , B Tambe.
Published: September 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) are the most common preventable adverse events during patient care delivery worldwide, accounting for prolonged hospitalization and death. HCAI surveillance is essential to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) practices and improve patient safety. Cameroon does not have a national HCAI surveillance system. We describe some promising practices and challenges in the process of establishing a national HCAI surveillance system in Cameroon. This was a four-phase approach, including an assessment of health facilities’ HCAI surveillance capacity, drafting and implementation of a surveillance protocol in pilot facilities for one year, and performance evaluation. A group of experts met and developed the national protocol and adapted HCAI case definitions from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS). Prioritized HCAIs were catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and surgical site infections (SSI). 627 HCAI cases were suspected with 9(1.4%) confirmed. The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Some 2(15.4%) facilities detected and responded to colonization of surfaces by pathogens thereby strengthening their IPC programs. Some facilities strengthened their laboratory capacity to confirm HCAI cases. The lack of dedicated funding for patients’ laboratory analysis and the absence of a legal framework were some challenges identified. The establishment of an HCAI surveillance system in Cameroon showed some promising practices. The use of a protocol with clinical case definitions was useful and seems to be an option in situations of limited laboratory capacity.
An In-Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage Beneath Metal Orthodontic Brackets when Bonded using Conventional and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Infiltrated Orthodontic Adhesive Resin
Authors: L Harsha , Kumar Subramanian Aravind
Published: September 2024

The objective of this present study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage underneath metal orthodontic brackets when bonded with conventional and Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-infiltrated orthodontic adhesive. Ten human caries-free premolars were extracted atraumatically for orthodontics purposes and were randomly allotted into two groups, Group 1: Conventional orthodontic adhesive resin- An acid-etching adhesive system: Enlight composite (ORMCO) and Group 2: An Experimental acid-etching orthodontic adhesive system that was infiltered with Titanium dioxide. An orthodontic adhesive containing 1% nanoparticle was prepared. The metal brackets were bonded to the teeth using the adhesive group to which they belonged. All specimens underwent thermocycling in deionized water for 1000 cycles with a dwell time of 30 seconds and a transfer time of 0 seconds after being stored at 37°C for four weeks in distilled water. The next step involved 24 hours of submersion in a 0.5% basic fuchsin solution. With a low-speed diamond saw, four parallel bucco-lingual longitudinal sections were cut through the occlusal surface. Two calibrated researchers who were blindfolded were examined with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 16x. Every section's incisal and gingival margins were measured between the bracket-adhesive and adhesive-enamel interfaces. The collected data were tabulated, and the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was done. At the enamel adhesive interface and the bracket adhesive interface, brackets bonded with the experimental TiO2 infiltrated orthodontic adhesive resin had higher mean microleakage scores than brackets bonded with conventional composite. However, this difference was only statistically significant at the enamel adhesive interface (p > 0.05).
Mediação comunitária como mecanismo de acesso à justiça
Authors: Mantovani Willian Pollis , Spengler Fabiana Marion
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo objetiva abordar as contribuições da mediação comunitária para o acesso à justiça. Para tanto, aborda o movimento comunitarista e seus reflexos no Judiciário; expõe as raízes da mediação comunitária no mundo e no Brasil; e discute a mediação comunitária como mecanismo de acesso à justiça adequado à resolução de controvérsias. Foi empregado o método dedutivo, que permite raciocinar a partir de premissas para alcançar uma conclusão logicamente correta e alicerçada em um ou mais argumentos, ao passo que quanto à natureza da pesquisa, foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa, que foi operacionalizada pela pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica. Foi visto que a mediação comunitária é uma prática que viabiliza a emancipação tendo em vista que desperta no indivíduo a capacidade que ele tem de, por si só, reconhecer seus direitos, deveres e administrá-los de maneira consciente. Ao final do estudo concluiu-se que a Justiça Comunitária oferece uma série de benefícios para as comunidades locais, dentre os quais citam-se: aproximação entre comunidade e sistema judicial; empoderamento e participação da comunidade; resolução de conflitos de forma mais célere e eficiente; custos reduzidos; fortalecimento dos laços sociais; soluções personalizadas e culturalmente sensíveis; e prevenção de conflitos futuros. A eficácia da justiça comunitária também depende da colaboração e do comprometimento de todos os envolvidos, incluindo membros da comunidade, líderes locais e autoridades judiciais. Quando implementada de forma adequada, essa abordagem pode trazer benefícios significativos para as comunidades, promovendo uma maior equidade, justiça e coesão social.
Escravidão contemporânea, dignidade humana e trabalho decente
Authors: Ferreira Versalhes Enos Nunes , Ferreira Vanessa Rocha
Published: September 2024

Estudo que analisa o crescimento do trabalho em condições análogas à de escravo, cuja consequência é a sistemática violação da dignidade das vítimas, na medida em que se trata do mais alto grau de exploração da miséria e das necessidades da pessoa humana. Seu objetivo, que se desdobra no problema de pesquisa, é refletir quanto à necessidade de garantia, ampliação e fortalecimento de instrumentos hábeis ao enfrentamento desta modalidade de trabalho indigno. Metodologicamente, realiza análise exploratória, aplica a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e utiliza o método dedutivo. Quanto à estrutura, busca, primeiro, compreender as principais características do trabalho escravo contemporâneo e as especificidades do aumento no número de pessoas resgatadas. Depois, examina o conceito de trabalho decente proposto pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho e seu desígnio de tutelar a dignidade do trabalhador. Por fim, discute avanços e retrocessos ao desiderato de combater esta forma de superexploração do trabalhador, verdadeira antítese do trabalho decente.
Los derechos humanos y el empoderamiento de las niñas, igualdad de género, educación y autorregulación emocional para un futuro sostenible: Una reflexión
Authors: González María Concepción Garabandal Morelos
Published: September 2024

Los derechos humanos, el empoderamiento femenino, juntamente con la igualdad de género, la educación y la inteligencia emocional forman un entramado crucial para un futuro  equitativo y sostenible. Garantizar los derechos de mujeres y niñas es un acto de justicia y una inversión en desarrollo humano y social. En el mundo moderno, sobretodo en Latinoamérica, el patriarcado persiste, reflejado en prácticas aberrantes como los feminicidios, las violaciones, el matrimonio infantil y el embarazo adolescente, etc., perpetuando la violencia de género. El empoderamiento de las mujeres y principalmente de las niñas, surge como elemento clave para romper este ciclo, promoviendo sus derechos a libertad, a la salud física y mental, a la educación y trabajo digno. La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (y diversos otros documentos) representan el marco moral y legal para este empoderamiento, subrayando la igualdad y dignidad de todos los individuos. Reconocer a las mujeres y niñas como grupo vulnerable es esencial para abordar las históricas discriminaciones que enfrentan, por lo tanto, cuando se niegan o ignoran los derechos de las mujeres y niñas, se perpetúan ciclos de desigualdad que afectan negativamente a toda la sociedad.
Um compêndio sobre direitos humanos e democracia: O que Boaventura de Sousa Santos falou e você não leu
Authors: De Cerqueira Neto Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves
Published: September 2024

A vasta obra de Boaventura de Sousa Santos é permeada por sua indignação quanto as diferenças socioeconômicas entre os territórios e entre as pessoas. “O direito dos oprimidos”, um dos seus livros, retrata o quanto a democracia e a justiça estão distantes do direito formal. “Globalização: fatalidade ou utopia?” um livro com uma série de artigos organizados por Boaventura mostra como a globalização com sua face perversa criou e alargou linhas abissais entre os povos. Portanto, a leitura da obra de Boaventura é essencial para quem deseja compreender o processo de desigualdade tanto a nível local quanto global. A resenha que é apresentada neste texto tem como base uma de suas palestras onde ele propõe uma reflexão sobre direitos humanos e democracia. Se muitos já leram a sua obra, a minha proposta aqui é refletir sobre sua fala, onde faço comentários sobre os tópicos abordados na palestra levando em consideração o tom da sua voz e a expressão facial, que dificilmente conseguimos perceber pelos livros. Por isso, a proposta de ler o que Boaventura de Sousa Santos falou e você não leu.
The level of implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices among the public basic schools in Ghana
Authors: Duah Hans
Published: September 2024

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices (WASH) have been a major challenge facing many basic schools in Ghana for many decades. The school authority have made a number of complaints to the Ghana government through the Ministry of Education in relation to the inadequate potable water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices in basic schools which the government has remained silent on. The aim of this study was to assess the level of implementation of Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in basic schools in the Sunyani East Education Directorate. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that hygiene and sanitation facilities available in schools under study included urinals, toilets, handwashing materials and solid waste disposal facilities. It was revealed that wooden slap pit latrine toilet was present in all schools except Methodist school which has cemented slaps. There were absence of toilet rolls, tap facilities and hand washing soap in all schools visited. The pupils fetched water from neighbouring houses and used it. The study recommends that the Parent-Teacher Association, School Management Committee, District Education Directorate and Ghana Education Service should team up to provide these essential facilities to basic schools in Sunyani East.
Elementos de economía matemática
Authors: Lacayo Ramón
Published: September 2024

Elementos de Economía Matemática es un libro de texto para la asignatura Economía Matemática que cursan los estudiantes de economía en el nivel de pregrado universitario.La obra incluye una descripción de los números reales y subconjuntos tales como los racionales, irracionales, trascendentes y algebraicos. Se hace énfasis en las operaciones aritméticas y el lenguaje de las matemáticas. Se abordan nociones sobre los números complejos, su descripción geométrica, propiedades y la fórmula de Euler, así como las principales funciones elementales y el cálculo diferencial e integral aplicado a estas funciones. Se incorporan conceptos conocidos de álgebra lineal tales como matrices y determinantes. Dentro de los conceptos trabajados, destacan, por ejemplo, el estudio de las series de Taylor, la expansión de Laplace para el cálculo de determinantes, y los valores y vectores propios de una matriz. El núcleo del libro lo constituyen los capítulos de optimización, las ecuaciones recurrentes y las ecuaciones diferenciales.
ABORDAGEM FAMILIAR NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Ana Carolina , Soares Neves Maria Alice , Acácia  Das Neves Leiliany , Soares  Figueiredo Santos Aline , Alves Leão Claudia Danyella , Andries de Castro Eveline
Published: September 2024

As ferramentas de abordagem familiar permitem compreender a dinâmica familiar, suas relações afetivas e com a comunidade. Informações coletadas e problemas identificados favorecem a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção que podem impactar na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Sendo assim, objetivou-se relatar o caso de uma abordagem à família de uma cuidadora, cadastrada em uma eSF em Pirapora, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre dezembro de 2022 a abril de 2023 por profissionais de uma eSF. O trabalho descreveu as ferramentas de abordagem familiar: Genograma, Ecomapa, Ciclo de Vida, FIRO e P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. e suas aplicabilidades. O uso das ferramentas possibilitou estreitar a relação entre equipe de saúde e paciente, proporcionando o entendimento das diferentes dimensões da unidade familiar. Além disso, gerou subsídios para a construção do projeto de intervenção mais próximo da família e, consequentemente, a melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus membros.
Palavras-chaves: Saúde da família. Cuidado em Saúde. Relacionamento familiar. Dinâmica familiar.
Astaxanthin's Impact on Colorectal Cancer: Examining Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Gene Expression
Authors: Hormozi Maryam , Baharvand Parastoo
Published: September 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer stands as the prevailing form of cancer affecting the digestive tract. Antioxidants have been observed to influence the activity of antioxidant enzymes and elevate the expression of genes within the apoptosis pathway. Consequently, this dynamic interplay appears to suppress the progression of colorectal cancer.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on the expression of effective genes in apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells.

Methods

In this experimental investigation, HCT-116 cells underwent treatment with varying concentrations of astaxanthin for a duration of 24 hours. Subsequently, the expression levels of BAX, Bcl2, and caspase 3 genes were quantified using real-time PCR, while malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activity were analyzed utilizing calorimetric methods.

Results

The analysis of gene expression outcomes revealed that astaxanthin elicited significant effects. It augmented the expression of BAX and caspase-3 genes, thereby promoting apoptosis while concurrently downregulating the expression of the Bcl2 gene. Consequently, this led to a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration, serving as an oxidative stress index. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase showed significant increases in these treated cells.

Conclusion

Astaxanthin appears to modulate the antioxidant defense system within cancer cells. This is achieved by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes while concurrently inhibiting cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, the compound triggers apoptosis in HCT-116 cell lines, further contributing to its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
Fish Hydrolysates as Potential Biostimulants for Growing Legumes and Cereals to Reduce Temperature Stress
Authors: Nuzhyna Nataliia , Raksha Nataliia , Halenova Tetiana , Vovk Tetiana , Savchuk Oleksiy , Maievska Tetiana , Maievskyi Kostiantyn , Tonkha Oksana , Ostapchenko Liudmyla
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to develop an optimal method for the production of fish hydrolysates and to test their effectiveness as plant biostimulants under low-temperature growing conditions.

Methods

To obtain fish hydrolysates, the waste of a rainbow trout was used. Hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis using fish entrails as a source of enzymes. Differences in the methods of obtaining fish hydrolysates: samples І, ІІ, ІІІ, and IV were placed into a water bath at +37°C, and sample V was left at room temperature. Further nitric, phosphoric, and acetic acids were added to samples I, II, and III, respectively, while distilled water was added to samples IV and V. The effectiveness of hydrolysates on the germination and growth of corn and beans under low-temperature growing conditions (+15/8°C) was determined.

Results

Hydrolysate I showed a positive effect on the germination and growth of beans and corn. Hydrolysate V stimulated germination and plant growth; however, it caused the abnormal development of some seedlings. The same deformations were observed with hydrolysate II. Hydrolysate III inhibited mold but also germination and the growth of crops. The greatest effect for both crops was found with the use of hydrolysate IV. The optimal concentration for beans was 1% and for corn - 10%.

Conclusion

A positive result was obtained from the use of fish hydrolysate to stimulate the germination and growth of beans and corn at low growing temperatures. Therefore, the use of hydrolysates will allow for less yield loss in case of unforeseeable temperature drops after seed sowing.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Advancement in Molecular Mechanism, Pathogenesis, and Management by Pharmacotherapeutics and Natural Compounds
Authors: Shivam  , Kumar Gupta Asheesh , Kumar Sushil , Kumar Hitesh
Published: September 2024

The primary cause of End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and a possible chronic microvascular
consequence of diabetes mellitus is Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). The early stages of diabetic
kidney disease (DN) often include hyperfiltration and albuminuria, which are followed by a steady
loss in renal function. Diabetes patients may display the usual signs and symptoms of Diabetic Kidney
Disease (DKD), particularly if they have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Significant confounders
might also include the presence of other glomerular/tubular illnesses and severe peripheral
vascular disease. Patients with diabetic nephropathy have an all-cause mortality rate that is approximately
thirty times higher than that of diabetic patients without nephropathy. Most patients with
diabetic nephropathy die from cardiovascular disease before they develop End-stage Renal Disease
(ESRD). The formation of diabetic nephropathy must be prevented and its advancement must be
slowed by controlling metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities. Research should concentrate on
developing new therapies for diabetic nephropathy since it is a crippling condition that affects people
worldwide and causes significant social and economic burdens. Recent findings suggest that numerous
pathways are activated during diabetes mellitus and that these pathways individually or collectively
play a role in the induction and progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, clinical strategies
targeting these pathways to manage diabetic nephropathy remain unsatisfactory, as the number
of diabetic patients with nephropathy is increasing yearly. To develop ground-breaking therapeutic
options to prevent the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, a comprehensive understanding
of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease is mandatory.
Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to discuss the underlying mechanisms and downstream
pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
A Review on Machine Learning in Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Atkison Travis , Shah A. F. M. Shahen
Published: September 2024

With the expansion of transportation networks and the advancement of embedded and communication technologies, research on intelligent transportation systems has gained immense interest from the research community, especially utilizing the potential of machine learning techniques for increasing efficiency, safety, and travel experience. This paper presents a detailed review of intelligent transportation systems applications using machine learning techniques. Initially, 11 popular applications were selected for further study by focusing on four key areas: traffic management, safety management, infotainment and comfort, and autonomous driving. To explore the current trends of each application, 48 recent proposals using machine learning techniques that have gained high attention have been selected by following some selection criteria. The selected proposals have been discussed in detail, focusing on the proposed methods and contributions. After a detailed review, 10 potential issues have been identified and addressed, which could lead to the development of more efficient and optimized intelligent transportation systems solutions. Overall, the review serves as a valuable guide for researchers in identifying the current research trends in popular intelligent transportation systems applications using machine learning, pinpointing the gaps and developing more attractive solutions.