bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
توظيف السينما في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها بين: الأفاق والتحديات والآليات والكيفيات
Authors: بوجمعة أكثيري
Published: September 2019

The issue of employing technological media, the film model in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers, has become an urgent necessity dictated by the changing nature of the global societies. Therefore, we find ourselves as Arab and Islamic societies in need of changing the pattern of our traditional visions of the educational process, as they no longer respond to the new learners' tendencies of languages, which prompted us to propose an alternative that is in line with the new shifts in education and training; an alternative that employs movie and integrate it into the learning process because of the influential technical and aesthetic potential available, which has the ability to build educational content in a modern form. However, this proposition that we are establishing, despite the promising prospects, is not without its challenges that impede its realization in an existential way. According to the study, it is possible to overcome these difficulties if there are a vision and a will. Therefore, we find that the study has worked to give suggestions on the mechanisms and the modalities to prepare a creative and fruitful approach in the Arabic language for non-native speakers, depending on the skill of film viewing, which would give this new educational vision a deep strategic dimension that will bring the Arabic language into line with the language of modern technological media.
Gerakan Filantropi Islam di Amerika
Authors: Hasyim Fuad
Published: September 2019

This research aims to explore the development of Islamic Philanthropy movement in America covering the discussion on the institutional basis of Islamic Philanthropy, and its contributions toward the solidarity and the empowerment of the Muslim community. The research is a kind of literary research with the qualitative research method and multidisciplinary approach. The result shows that there is four institutional basis of Islamic Philanthropy in America; those are mosques, educational institutions, ethnic, and religious school of thought. The facts are also found that there is a significant correlation between the existence of Islamic philanthropy institution and government political policies on radicalism issues that adhered to Muslim community in America.

Keywords: America, Philantrophy, Islam, Muslim

AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan gerakan filantropi Islam di Amerika yang meliputi pembahasan tentang basis kelembagaan filantropi Islam dan kontribusinya terhadap solidaritas dan pemberdayaan umat Islam di Amerika. Penelitian ini adalah kajian literatur dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan multidisiplin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan empat basis kelembagaan gerakan filantropi Islam di Amerika; yaitu masjid, lembaga pendidikan, etnis dan aliran atau madzhab pemikiran. Didapatkan pula fakta hubungan signifikan antara eksistensi lembaga filantropi Islam terhadap kebijakan politik pemerintah terkait isu radikalisme yang melekat pada umat Islam di Amerika.
Peningkatan Spiritualitas melalui Wisata Religi di Makam Keramat Kwitang Jakarta
Authors: Sari Nur Indah , Wajdi Firdaus , Narulita Sari
Published: September 2019

This study aims to describe and analyze religious tourism as an effort to increase the spirituality of visitors or pilgrims in the Tomb of Kwitang Jakarta. Increased spirituality is a process of change from bad to better by constantly carrying out God's command and away from Godâ€™s prohibition consistently with the guidance of the values of faith to recognize and understand feelings Self, others, self-motivated, and able to manage emotions in relation to others. Meanwhile, the Sacred Tomb of the Mosque Ar-Riyadh Kwitang is one of the famous religious tourism sites in Jakarta, which is visited by many individuals and groups. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach with the respondent of the sacred grave of Masjid Ar-Riyadh Kwitang Jakarta. This research produces some important points about the process of improving spiritual intelligence through religious tourism.

Keywords: Spirituality, Religious Tourism, Sacred Grave Kwitang.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis wisata religi sebagai upaya untuk peningkatan spiritualitas pada pengunjung atau peziarah di Makam Keramat Kwitang Jakarta. Peningkatan spiritualitas merupakan suatu proses perubahan dari yang tidak baik menjadi lebih baik dengan senantiasa melaksanakan perintah dan menjauhi larangan Allah secara konsisten dengan bimbingan nilai-nilai rukun iman untuk mengenali dan memahami perasaan sendiri, orang lain, memotivasi diri, serta mampu mengelola emosi dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain. Sedangkan, Makam Keramat Masjid Ar-Riyadh Kwitang merupakan salah satu tempat wisata religi terkenal di DKI Jakarta, yang banyak dikunjungi oleh masyarakat secara perseorangan maupun kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan responden pengunjung makam keramat Masjid Ar-Riyadh Kwitang Jakarta. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa poin penting mengenai proses peningkatan kecerdasan spiritualitas melalui wisata religi.

Kata Kunci: Spiritualitas, Wisata Religi, Makam Keramat Kwitang.
Implementasi Penanggulangan Narkoba dalam Islam melalui Partisipasi Pemandu Wisata Lokal di Kawasan Wisata Kota Tua Jakarta
Authors: Utami Heryanti , Narulita Sari
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the Local Tourism Guide Participation in Overcoming Drug Abuse in the Jakarta Old Town and Improving the image of Jakarta Old Town in particular and Jakarta in general as a tourist destination far from drugs. In Islam, the prohibition of drugs analogous to alcoholic liquor that can damage the mind, memory, heart, soul, mental and physical health. Even the legal content of prohibited drugs exceeds the extent of alcoholic beverages because of its highly destructive addictive properties. Therefore it needs to be handled very seriously in various aspects. The findings illustrate that drug abuse also occurs due to outside influences that come to the area by carrying drugs such as tourists or people outside the Jakarta Old Town, for that tour guides should include the danger of the drug cases when they guide.

Keywords: Drug Abuse, Participation

Abstrak

Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui sejauh mana Partisipasi Pemandu Wisata Lokal dalam Menanggulangi Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kawasan Wisata Kota Tua Jakarta dan Memperbaiki citra Kota Tua Jakarta pada khususnya dan Jakarta pada umumnya sebagai destinasi wisata yang jauh dari narkoba. Dalam Islam, keharaman narkoba diqiyaskan atau dianalogikan dengan keharaman minuman keras yang dapat merusak akal pikiran, ingatan, hati, jiwa, mental dan kesehatan fisik. Bahkan kadar hukum keharaman narkoba melebihi kadar keharaman minuman keras karena sifat adiktifnya yang sangat merusak. Karenanya perlu penanggulangan dengan sangat serius di berbagai aspeknya. Hasil temuan menggambarkan bahwa penyalahgunaan narkoba juga terjadi akibat adanya pengaruh luar yang datang ke kawasan tersebut dengan membawa narkoba seperti para wisatawan atau masyarakat luar Kota Tua Jakarta, untuk itu para pemandu wisata memasukkan materi narkoba ini ke dalam materi pemanduan ketika mereka memandu.

Kata Kunci: Penanggulangan Narkoba, Partisipasi
Keruntuhan Peradaban Suatu Masyarakat dalam Perspektif Al-Qurâ€™an
Authors: Hasan Rianto
Published: September 2019

Al-Qur'an as a guide book through the concept of social laws seeks to encourage a positive transformation in human social life so that its function as a hudan can be realized. The social principles discussed in the Qur'an among other are those related to the dogmas that regulate the existence or period limit of human civilization. The doctrine is implied by this holy book through the terminology of ajal which is framed with the word ummah in QS. al-Aâ€˜raf 7: 34. The problem then arises regarding how to determine the meaning of ajal. This article is then written to address the problem that can be solved based on the mechanism of the epistemological framework of exegesis, using the syntagmatic-paradigmatic semiotic analysis of Ferdinand De Saussure. From the research that has been done, it is understood that the terminology of the collapse of the societyâ€™s civilization which is contained in the verse can be interpreted with the following senses: 1) It expresses the meaning of the population destruction caused by punishment; 2) It is interpreted as the phase of the end of the power/sovereign order of a nation as part of the characteristics of the community civilization entity. Generally, it was concluded that the trigger for the end of the civiliztion existence was caused by the fading of the religiosity in their lives which influenced the pattern of community interaction which then caused various kinds of social inequality. The disequilibrium that arises in the midst of this social ecosystem then ends the glory period of the civilization.

Keywords: Collapse of societyâ€™s civilization, Al-Qurâ€™an, Tafsir.

Abstrak

Al-Qurâ€™an sebagai kitab petunjuk lewat konsep hukum-hukum kemasyarakatan berupaya mendorong terjadinya transformasi positif dalam kehidupan sosial manusia agar fungsinya sebagai hudan dapat terealisasikan. Dimensi sosial al-Qurâ€™an dalam QS. al-Aâ€˜ra>f[7]: 34 diantaranya memperkenalkan dogma mengenai aturan batas periode eksistensi peradaban melalui terminologi ajal yang dirangkaikannya dengan kata ummah. Problem kemudian muncul terkait bagaimana memaknai ajal bagi masyarakat yang disebutkan pada redaksi ayat tersebut. Artikel ini menjadikan topik di atas sebagai problem akademik yang diselesaikan berdasarkan mekanisme kerangka epistemologi tafsir dengan pendekatan analisis sintagmatik-paradigmatik semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) Indikasi arti musnahnya populasi masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh azab, 2) fase berakhirnya orde kekuasaan/daulat suatu bangsa sebagai bagian dari ciri entitas peradaban komunitas. Pemicu berakhirnya eksistensi tamadun suatu kaum disebabkan oleh pudarnya nuansa religiusitas dalam kehidupan sehingga mempengaruhi pola interaksi masyarakat yang kemudian menimbulkan berbagai macam ketimpangan sosial. Disekuilibrium yang timbul di tengah-tengah ekosistem sosial ini lantas mengakhiri periode kegemilangan peradaban masyarakat. 

Kata Kunci: Peradaban masyarakat, Al-qurâ€™an, Tafsir.
Respon Al-Qurâ€™an Terhadap Legalitas Kaum LGBT
Authors: Nafisah Mamluatun
Published: September 2019

In the reality of social life, there are so diverse communities with a variety of social life backgrounds, including LGBT groups. Many people who assess variously about the existence of LGBT, both from academics, activists of feminism and society in general. This difference is caused by a different perspective on the LGBT community regarding whether human sexual orientation that leads to homosexuality is something that is natural, or constructed by cultural aspects? This paper aims to find out how the Al-Quran responds to the legality of LGBT people with the Tafsir Maudhu'i approach. This approach was carried out in order to gain a full understanding of LGBT legality. In the Koran, it is explained that Allah created human beings in pairs (azwaj)> In another verse it is also mentioned, where the word pair is clarified with the next words, dzakr (male) and camel (female) (QS. An-Najm [53]: 45 and al-Qiyamah [75]: 39). This shows, while at the same time breaking the assumption of some people who understand the meaning of zauj with a gender partner (social sex).

Keyword: LGBT, Sexual behavior, Sexual orientation

Abstrak

Dalam realitas kehidupan sosial, ada begitu beragam masyarakat dengan berbagai latar belakang kehidupan sosialnya, termasuk di dalamnya kelompok LGBT. Banyak kalangan yang  menilai secara beragam tentang keberadaan LGBT, baik dari kalangan akademisi, pegiat feminisme maupun masyarakat pada umumnya. Perbedaan ini disebabkan cara pandang yang berbeda terhadap komunitas LGBT mengenai apakah orientasi seksual manusia yang mengarah ke homoseksual merupakan sesuatu yang bersifat fitrah, atau dikonstruk oleh aspek budaya? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana respon Al-Quran terhadap legalitas kaum LGBT dengan pendekatan Tafsir Maudhuâ€™i. Pendekatan ini dilakukan supaya mendapatkan pemahaman secara utuh terhadap legalitas LGBT. Dalam al-Quran dijelaskan bahwa Allah menciptakan manusia dengan berpasang-pasangan (azwaj), supaya diantara keduanya merasa tenang dan tentram. Di ayat lain juga disebutkan, dimana kata berpasangan diperjelas dengan kata-kata berikutnya, dzakr (laki-laki) dan untsa (perempuan) (QS. an-Najm [53]: 45 dan al-Qiyamah [75]: 39). Ini menunjukkan, sekaligus mematahkan anggapan sebagian orang yang memahami makna zauj dengan pasangan gender (jenis kelamin sosial).

Kata Kunci: LGBT, Perilaku seksual, Orentasi seksual
Multi-drug Resistant Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing E. coli and Salmonella on Raw Vegetable Salads Served at Hotels and Restaurants in Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Sanjeep , Adhikari Sanjib , Pandey Asmita , Khadka Sujan , Adhikari Madhuri , Kandel Hemraj , Pathak Sandhya , Pandey Asmita
Published: September 2019

Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria present in ready-to-eat foods like vegetable salads is an emerging concern today. The current study was undertaken to investigate the presence of multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and Salmonella spp. in raw vegetable salads served at hotels and restaurants in Bharatpur. A total of 216 salad samples were collected from three different grades of hotels/restaurants and examined for the presence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in Microbiology laboratory of Birendra Multiple Campus by conventional microbiological techniques. Out of 216 samples, 66 samples (35.2%) showed presence of Salmonella spp. whereas E. coli was recovered from 29(13.4%) samples of which 3 samples harbored E. coli O157: H7. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 9(13.6%) Salmonella and 4(13.8%) E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant. Total ESBL producers reported were 5(7.57%) Salmonella and 4(13.8%) E. coli . The study also assessed a significant association between occurrence of E. coli and Salmonella with grades of hotels/restaurants, personal hygiene and literacy rate of chefs and with type of cleaning materials used to wash knives and chopping boards (p<0.05). The findings suggest immediate need of attention by concerned authorities to prevent emergence and transmission of food-borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.
Digital analysis of shaping ability and topographic changes in M and C wire rotary NiTi systems.
Authors: Aziz Amr Khaled Abd El
Published: September 2019

The primary outcome of this study intends to assess the Shaping ability and surface topographic changes of the 2 rotary Nickel Titanium systems: A) One Curve (Micro Méga, Besançon, France)B) ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)What's new in the study is the use of AutoCAD program to assess the shaping ability of both instruments, after using them in a standerdized conditions to evalute the minor differences between the two different alloys used in each instrument.While the secondary outcome of this study is to evaluate the instruments after multiple uses under the SEM to detect any abberrations or deformetiesin the instruments to detect its points of strength and weaknesses.The study is planned for one year and it is not expected to be more than that according to the sample size and the availabilty of the tools needed for the trial.
Tal2 is a major virulence factor in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Xss-V2-18
Authors: Haq Fazal , Shah Syed Mashab Ali , Xie Shiwang , Xuan Huangkun , Ma Wenxiu , Cai LuLu , Xu Xiameng , Xu Zhengyin , Wang Sai , Zou Lifang , Zhu Bo , Chen Gongyou
Published: September 2019

Background Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is incited by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like (tal) effectors (TALEs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads; however, TALEs have not been well-investigated in the Xcm – cotton interaction.Results In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xcm Xss-V2-18, a highly-virulent strain from China, and assessed their roles in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V2-18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning BamHI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region of each tal gene. Phylogenetically the TALEs in Xss-V2-18 show close similarity to the TALEs in Xcm strains MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. Tal2 in Xss-V2-18 differs from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) indicates that they are functionally different. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V2-18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta. Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2. One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans, the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta, thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V2-18.Conclusions Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm Xss-V2-18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.
Reasons for no good embryos in the IVF/ICSI cycle: A retrospective analysis.
Authors: Chu Kun , Shu Jing , Zhang Ling , Li Wen , Xu Weihai
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify related factors of no good quality embryos in IVF/ICSI cycle so as to improve the IVF/ICSI outcome. Methods: Data of Day 3 embryos and patients of 2518 cycles from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed in this study. A binary logistic regression model was conducted to examine the factors which led to no good quality embryo in one cycle.Results: The incidence of no good quality embryo in one cycle was 13.3%. Number of oocytes, fertilization methods, stimulation protocol, and fertilization rate were significant in logistic regression analysis. Further analysis showed significant correlations between increasing intracellular fragmentation and the following parameters: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, and infertility diagnosis; slow growing embryos: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, and fertilization methods; embryos with asymmetric cleavage: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, fertilization methods, female age, and male age; compound causes: number of oocytes, fertilization rate, infertility duration, stimulation protocol, and fertilization methods.Conclusions: The results suggested that gamete poor quality is the main reason for the embryo quality decline, which underlines the importance to improve gamete quality and eventually the fertility outcome in clinical practice.
Intimate partner violence against pregnant women in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Lalem Menber , Menber Nigist
Published: September 2019

Abstract Background: Though underestimated, intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. The overall aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and forms of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, associated factors, and recommendations to reduce the act. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 25 to February 15, 2018 in government health facilities, North West Ethiopia. Married women who seek antenatal care service were participated in the study. Ethical clearance and approval was obtained from Amhara Regional Health Bureau research and publication committee. Informed consent was obtained from women and facility managers before collecting the data. Odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI was computed to determine the presence and strength of association between the outcome of interest and key independent variables. Results: Nearly half (46.4%) of the study participants were victims of at least one episodes of intimate partner violence in the recent pregnancy. Psychological violence 141 (44.2%) was the most common form of violence encountered followed by sexual violence 137 (42.9%). Significant proportion of women were insulted, forced to have sex, pushed/shoved, kicked/beaten, and slapped/thrown something at them (30.1 - 39.4 %) in the recent pregnancy. Lack of formal education, arranged marriages, lack of decision-making autonomy in household matters and wider spousal age difference were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Higher proportion of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence. Sociodemographic factors were associated with intimate partner violence. We suggest interventions focusing on education for raising community awareness through different strategies. Strengthening health facilities is also important to early identify and manage pregnant women with intimate partner violence, and prevent adverse birth outcomes of the act.
Safety and utility of pulmonary function tests: a retrospective study from a single center over seven years’ clinical practice
Authors: Li Fei , Huang Zhi-wen , Xu Huiwen , Yu Hua , Chen Yan-bin , Huang Jian-an , Wang Jia-jia , Wang Xiao-fei , Lei Wei
Published: September 2019

Background To promote the utilization of pulmonary function tests (PFT) through analyzing the data of PFT during the past seven years in one large teaching hospital in China.Methods Through a retrospective analysis, the allocation of full-time staff in PFT room, the demographic characteristics of patients, cost-effectiveness of PFT, positive rate and failure rate of PFT, adverse events were analyzed.Results 1) From 2012 to 2018, the numbers of PFT showed the trend of escalation year by year. The proportion of patients receiving PFT rose from 29.0/10000 in 2012 to 34.7/10000 in 2018. The best allocation of PFT room was 20-25/ person / day. 2) The number of PFT provided by Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) accounted for 97.2%, 97.1%, 97.3%, 97.8%, 97.8%, 98.0%, and 98.2% of the total cases of outpatient PFT in the same year. The top three departments in the inpatient department were Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Department of Urinary Surgery, the total cases of PFT in these three departments accounted for 65.1%, 64.4%, 62.1%, 63.5%, 62.4%, 65.3% and 69.1% of the total cases of inpatient PFT in the same year. 3) Data from 2018 showed that the revenue from PFT was about 3.7 million Chinese Yuan, and that the salary of personnel and expenditure on machine maintenance and wear were about 800,000 Chinese Yuan. 4) 58.2% of the patients who had undergone PFT had ventilatory dysfunction. 5) The average failure rate of PFT in the past seven years was 1.91%. 6) The main adverse events of PFT examination were dizziness, amaurosis, limb numbness, lip numbness and falls. The incidence rates were 0.49%, 0.42%, 0.41%, 0.39%, 0.44%, 0.48%, and 0.45% respectively, with an average of 0.44%.Conclusion The number of PFT showed an upward trend in the past seven years, and the optimal staffing of PFT room was 20-25 cases per person per day. The positive rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 58.2%. The failure rate of PFT and the incidence of adverse events were very low, suggesting it is a simple and safe clinical examination. It's worthy of further popularization and promotion.
Sociocultural factors contributing to waterpipe tobacco smoking among young women: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Makvandi Zeinab , Mostafavi Firoozeh , Bashirian Saeed , Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Kelishadi Roya
Published: September 2019

Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is currently a serious and growing public health threat in the world, especially in adolescents and young women. The aim of the study was to explore sociocultural factors contributing to WTS among young women in Iran.Methods This qualitative study was conducted from August 2017 to January 2019 in Isfahan and Hamadan cities, Iran; it included 13-30-year-old females with experience of WTS. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted at participants’ preferred time and place. Concurrent with data collection, data were analyzed through conventional content analysis.Findings In total, 34 main participants with mean (SD) age of 22.97(4.89) years and eight auxiliary participants with mean (SD) age of 34 (9.95) years participated in the present study. Sociocultural factors contributing to WTS were categorized into four main categories of waterpipe glamorization by its producers and sellers, media advertisement or silence, common sociocultural traditions, and governmental policies and regulations.Conclusion WTS among young women in Iran is affected by a wide range of sociocultural factors. Therefore, interdisciplinary multidimensional strategies are needed for WTS management and prevention among young women. Public education, strict supervision of tobacco import, export, and selling, ample employment opportunities for young people and effective leisure time management are essential to reduce WTS.
The Burden of Illness in Patients with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Soran Handrean , Stevenson Michael , Hubbard Brant , Jones Richard , Issa Basil
Published: September 2019

Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity, which is characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia, recurrent abdominal pain and episodes of acute pancreatitis. Investigation of Findings and Observations Captured in Burden of Illness Survey in FCS Patients (IN-FOCUS) assessed the impact of FCS on patient quality of life (QoL) and quantified the burden of illness attributable to FCS for 166 patients in 10 countries. Given the lack of data to support value-based treatment of FCS in the United Kingdom (UK), a prespecified sub analysis of respondents from the UK was performed to evaluate country-specific experiences for patients with FCS and any associated outcomes. Methods: A web-based survey captured information on diagnostic experience, symptoms, comorbidities, disease management, and impact on multiple life dimensions from adults living with FCS. Results: Twenty respondents from the UK completed the survey. Three-quarters indicated that FCS limits their life and significant time and energy is required to manage their FCS. Respondents reported moderate physical symptoms 1–3 times every 2 weeks, all respondents reported worrying about their FCS getting worse with age and 85% worrying about the long-term impact of FCS on their health. Only 3 respondents (15%) reported working full-time,53% of respondents reported that their diminished employment was largely or entirely due to FCS. Furthermore, 90% of respondents reported restricting their dietary fat consumption to an extreme degree and 75% reported using fasting to help manage the symptoms of FCS, suggesting a level of overcompensation. Only one of five women reported a pregnancy. The UK data was largely consistent with the overall study, except for an increased prevalence of worry and differences in disease management. Conclusions: FCS is associated with an ongoing physical and emotional burden that negatively impacts QoL for patients in the UK. Attempts to self-manage FCS may increase the burden of disease. Results from the UK sub analysis are consistent with the overall cohort of IN-FOCUS in suggesting that increased disease awareness and improved management strategies for FCS are required.
Factors Associated With Loss-to-follow-up Of Hiv-positive Mothers And Their Infants Enrolled In Hiv Care Clinic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mpinganjira Samuel Lawrent , Tchereni Timothy , Gunda Andrews , Mwapasa Victor
Published: September 2019

Background In Malawi, loss to follow-up (LTFU) greatly contributes to sub-optimal retention (74%) of HIV-positive (HIV+) women initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy under Option B+ strategy. This threatens Malawi’s efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We investigated factors associated with LTFU among Mother-Infant Pairs (MIP). Methods We conducted a qualitative study, nested within the “Promoting Retention Among Infants and Mothers Effectively (PRIME)” study, a 3-arm cluster randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of strategies for improving retention of MIPs in HIV care in Salima and Mangochi districts, Malawi. From July to December 2016, we traced 19 LTFU women and conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with them and also with 30 healthcare workers (HCWs) from health facilities where the LTFU women were receiving care. Recorded interviews were transcribed and translated and, then, analysed using deductive content analysis. Results The following reasons were reported contributing to LTFU: lack of support from husbands or family members; long distance to health facilities; food insecurity; community-level stigma; ART side effects; perceived good health after taking ART and adoption of other alternative treatment options. Conclusion Our study has found multiple factors at personal, family, community and health system level which contribute to poor retention of MIPs in HIV care. Key words PRIME, PMTCT, eMTCT, loss to follow up, mother-infant pairs, Option B+
Youth Working in Tobacco Farming: Effects on Smoking Behavior and Health
Authors: Perez-stable Eliseo J , Alderete Ethel , Livaudais-Toman Jennifer , Kaplan Celia , Gregorich Steven E. , Mejía Raúl
Published: September 2019

Background Cultivation of tobacco leaf raises concerns about detrimental occupational health and social consequences especially for youth, but tobacco producing countries only highlight economic benefits. We examined sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of underage youth working in tobacco farming and assessed the effects of tobacco farming on smoking behavior and health at one year.Methods We used existing data collected in the province of Jujuy, Argentina where 3188 youth 13 to 17 years of age from a random middle school sample responded to longitudinal questionnaires in 2005 and 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted association of tobacco farming work with smoking behavior and health status at one year.Results 22.8% of youth in the tobacco growing areas of the province were involved in tobacco farming. The mean age of initiation was 12.6 years. Tobacco farming was associated with higher rates of fair or poor versus good or excellent self-perceived health (30.3% vs. 19.0%), having a serious injury (48.5% vs. 38.5%), being injured accidentally by someone else (7.5% vs. 4.6%), being assaulted (5.5% vs. 2.6%), and being poisoned by exposure to chemicals (2.5% vs. 0.7%). Youth working in tobacco farming had higher prevalence of ever (67.9% vs. 55.2%), current (48.0% vs. 32.6%) and established smoking (17.8% vs. 9.9%). In multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models tobacco farming in 2005 significantly increased the likelihood of serious injury (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.1-2.0), accidental injury by someone else (OR=1.5; 95% 1.0-2.1), assault (OR=2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.8), poisoning by exposure to chemicals (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.4), in the same year. Tobacco farming in 2005 predicted established smoking one year later (OR=1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0).Conclusion Youth who work in tobacco faming face a challenging burden of adversities that increase their vulnerability. Risk assessments should guide public policies to protect underage youth working in tobacco farming. (297 words)
Analysis of structural variants in four African Cichlids highlights an association with developmental and immune related genes
Authors: Dolfin Luca Penso , Man Angela , Mehta Tarang , Haerty Wilfried , Palma Federica Di
Published: September 2019

Background. African Lakes Cichlids are one of the most impressive example of adaptive radiation. Independently in Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, and Malawi, several hundreds of species arose within the last 10 million to 100,000 years. Whereas most analyses in Cichlids focused on nucleotide substitutions across species to investigate the genetic bases of this explosive radiation, to date, no study has investigated the contribution of structural variants (SVs) to speciation events and adaptation to different ecological niches. Results. Here, we annotate and characterize the repertoires and evolutionary potential of different SV classes (deletion, duplication, inversion, insertions and translocations) in four Cichlid species: Haplochromis burtoni, Metriaclima zebra, Neolamprologus brichardi and Pundamilia nyererei. We investigate the patterns of gain and loss evolution for each SV type, enabling the identification of lineage specific events. Both deletions and inversions show a significant overlap with SINE elements, while inversions additionally show a limited, but significant association with DNA transposons. Inverted regions are enriched for genes regulating behaviour, or involved in skeletal and visual system development. We also find that duplicated regions show enrichment for genes associated with “antigen processing and presentation” and other immune related categories. Our pipeline and biological results were further tested by PCR validation of selected deletions and inversions, which confirmed respectively 7 out of 10 and 6 out of 9 events. Conclusions. Altogether, we provide the first, comprehensive overview of rearrangement evolution in East African Cichlids, and some important insights into their likely contribution to adaptation.
Comparison of single-layered continuous and interrupted gastrointestinal anastomosis in pediatric patients
Authors: Liu Qianyang , Li Ping , Guo Chunbao
Published: September 2019

Background Optimal gastrointestinal construction in pediatric patients still exist controversy as to the technique for the anastomosis. The study was to investigate the advantage of single-layered continuous anastomosis for pediatric patients who underwent intestinal anastomosis on emergency or electively laparotomy. Methods The medical records of 252 patients with single-layered continuous anastomosis and 196 patients with two-layered interrupted anastomosis, served as control, were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes, including postoperative complications, overall expenditure, postoperative hospital stay and anastomotic leakage, were compared according to the single-layered or two-layered anastomosis. Results Single-layered continuous anastomosis was associated with advantageous postoperative outcomes, including anastomotic time (p<0.001), operative time (p=0.041) and overall expenditure (p=0.009). A reduction trend for postoperative hospital stay was indicated in patients receiving single-layer anastomoses (p= 0.09). There was also an decreased of inflammation variables, C-reactive protein [CRP]) at postoperative days (POD) 5 ( p = 0.032) in the single-layer anastomoses patients. There were no differences for the other main complications. Conclusions Beneficial effects of single-layered continuous anastomosis in terms of anastomotic time, faster postoperative recovery and cost incurred in pediatric patients were demonstrated.
A study of the dose-response relationship for transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in refractory glaucoma
Authors: Xu Yao , Shen Wei
Published: September 2019

Background To research the efficiency of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TCP) in refractory glaucoma and to evaluate the dose-response relationship. Methods A retrospective analysis of the cases of 31 eyes of 31 consecutive patients with uncontrolled glaucoma who underwent TCP. Six to thirty-six months were reviewed. The main outcome measure is intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction combined with the best corrected visual acuity and complications. Calculations were performed to determine possible predictive factors that would help establish optimal treatment parameters. Results All the 31 patients felt a relieved ocular pain after TCP. Corneas of 30 eyes recovered transparent one week after TCP, except one eye with corneal epithelialization. The IOP of all patients decreased to 5mmHg-38mmHg（average is 17.93±8.00mmHg）at the end of follow-up. The main earlier complications include conjunctival burns, hyphema and mild inflammation of the anterior chamber, and the late complications were phthisis bulbi and corneal staphyloma. Final IOP was moderately negative related to the number of spots, r=-0.41(t=2.05, P<0.05), and the linear regression equation is y=27.53-0.62x (independent variable x represents the number of spots, dependent variable y represents the final IOP). To a medium extent, the final IOP was negatively correlated with the number of the audible spots, r=-0.58(t=3.75, P<0.01), and the linear regression equation is y=28.39-1.26x. Conclusion Cyclophotocoagulation is a convenient, safe and effective procedure in refractory glaucoma. The recommended parameter is about 14 spots or 8 audible spots.
Assessment of inventory and store management practices of pharmaceuticals in public health centers and hospitals of Dessie Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayked Ewunetie Mekashaw , Kahissay Mesfin Haile , Workneh Birhanu Demeke
Published: September 2019

Background: Inventory management is the safe practice of proper storage, distribution of items and accurate record keeping. It is the pumping organ of the drug supply system without which the whole health care service will collapse. The purpose of this study was so to assess inventory and store management practices of pharmaceuticals in public health centers and hospitals of Dessie Town, Ethiopia.
Method: The study was conducted from February 5 to 24, 2019. The study design was institution based cross sectional study. Data were collected by observation check lists. 10 health institutions (2 hospitals and 8 health centers) were studied.
Result: Receipts, issues, losses and adjustments were correctly recorded in 7 stores but with calculation fallacies. Invoices and bin cards were available in all stores. Logistic management and information system, Internal Facility Report and Resupply, and Report and Requisition Form were available in 9 stores. 5 stores had stock cards but only 3 recorded prices correctly on it. The maximum, minimum, re-order and buffer stocks levels were not properly maintained and automated in all stores. All stores had freezers but wall thermometers and lockable cabinets were absent in 8 stores; most (n = 7) did not use First Expired, First out storage technique. Humidity and fire control mechanisms were absent in all and seven institutions respectively; however, 9 institutions lack fire proof areas for combustibles but 8 stores held them with drugs.
Conclusion: The inventory and store management practices of the institutions were not satisfactory. The major problems in these institutions were calculation and recording errors; stock maintenance problem; lack of automation in recording; absence of wall thermometers, humidity and fire control systems and lockable cabinets; fail to use First Expired, First out storage technique and holding combustibles with drugs.
Novel biomarker of Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) predicts long-term outcome of ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Xiang Rui , Mao Min , Tang Ping , Gu Jun , Ma Kanghua
Published: September 2019

Background: Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is a matricellular protein participating in the angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrotic tissue repair. Previous study has proven its value in diagnosing and risk stratification of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there is no study focusing on Cyr61 and the long-term outcome of STEMI.
Methods: A total of 426 patients diagnosed with STEMI were enrolled in this study. Blood sample was acquired 24 hours after the admission. The patients were required long-term follow-up after the discharge, when primary endpoint of all-cause death and secondary endpoint of cardiac complications were observed. Cox hazard ratio model and survival analysis were used to compare the risk of patients with higher level and lower level of Cyr61.
Results: We conducted an average of (48.4 ± 17.8) months of follow-up, during which a total of 28 deaths happened (6.6%), while 106 episodes of secondary endpoints occurred (24.9%). Patients with higher quartile (Q4) Cyr61 were at higher risk of death [HR 3.404 95%CI (1.574-7.360), P<0.001] when compared with lower three quartiles (Q1-Q3) Cyr61. In terms of secondary endpoints, patients with Q4 Cyr61 were subject to 4.718 [95%CI (3.189-6.978) , P<0.001] times of risk compared with Q1-Q3 Cyr61.
Conclusions: For STEMI Patients, those with increased Cyr61 have higher risk of all-cause death and cardiac complications. Therefore, Cyr61 may be a useful tool in predicting the long-term prognosis of STEMI.
The rs13129697 polymorphism of the SLC2A9 gene, but not rs7442295 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose complicated with hyperuricaemia in Han Chinese males
Authors: Yuan Ying , Chen Tao , Lv Qiu-lan , Zhang Ning , Cui Xue-Na , Zhou Guo-Fang , Yi Xuan-Long , Xing Shichao
Published: September 2019

Aims SLC2A9 is also known as glucose transporter9 (GLUT9) or urate efflux transporter (URAT)v1, which should be involved in the transport of glucose and uric acid. To further verify it, the correlation of the SLC2A9 polymorphisms(rs13129697,rs7442295) with T2DM, Hyperuricemia (HUA) and T2DM compared with HUA will be investigated in male Han Chinese. Methods Two SNPs of the SLC2A9, rs13129697, rs7442295, were genotyped in 285 T2DM patients, 300 HUA patients and 198 T2DM compared with HUA patients respectively through TaqMan-MGB Duplex real-time PCR, and 550 healthy subjects were selected as control group. The total 1333 subjects were all recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical School. Results Compared with control group, the variant SNP of rs13129697 was both significantly associated with HUA group(P<0.001) and T2DM complicated HUA group(P<0.05), but not with pure T2DM group. After adjustment for age, triglyceride and cholesterol, logistic regression analysis showed that people with GT、GG genotype had lower risks of HUA(OR=0.615,95%CI: 0.432-0.877,P=0.007;OR=0.447, 95%CI:0.271-0.736, P=0.002)and T2DM complicated HUA(OR=0.578,95%CI: 0.360-0.923, P=0.022;OR=0.393,95%CI: 0.208-0.740,P= 0.004) than people with TTgenotype. However, there were no statistical significance between control group and T2DM group, HUA group, or T2DM complicated with HUA group in rs7442295 genotypes(P>0.05). Conclusion The rs13129697 polymorphism of the SLC2A9 gene, but not rs7442295 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose complicated with hyperuricaemia. And G allele may protect against the risk to develop HUA.
Evaluating the national multisite implementation of dialectical behaviour therapy in a community setting: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Flynn Daniel , Joyce Mary , Gillespie Conall , Kells Mary , Swales Michaela , Spillane Ailbhe , Hurley Justina , Hayes Aoife , Gallagher Edel , Arensman Ella , Weihrauch Mareike
Published: September 2019

Background The implementation of evidence-based interventions for borderline personality disorder in community settings is important given that individuals with this diagnosis are often extensive users of both inpatient and outpatient mental health services. Although work in this area is limited, previous studies have identified facilitators and barriers to successful DBT implementation. This study seeks to expand on previous work by evaluating a coordinated implementation of DBT in community settings at a national level. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) [1] provided structural guidance for this national level coordinated implementation.Methods A mixed methods approach was utilised to explore the national multi-site implementation of DBT from the perspective of team leaders and therapists who participated in the coordinated training and subsequent implementation of DBT. Qualitative interviews with DBT team leaders (n = 8) explored their experiences of implementing DBT in their local service and was analysed using content analysis. Quantitative surveys from DBT therapists (n = 74) examined their experience of multiple aspects of the implementation process including orienting the system, and preparations and support for implementation. Frequencies of responses were calculated. Written qualitative feedback was analysed using content analysis.Results Five themes were identified from the interview data: team formation, implementation preparation, client selection, service level challenges and team leader role. Participants identified team size and support for the team leader as key points for consideration in DBT implementation. Key challenges encountered were the lack of system support to facilitate phone coaching and a lack of allocated time to focus on DBT. Implementation facilitators included having dedicated team members and support from management.Conclusions The barriers and facilitators identified in this study are broadly similar to those reported in previous research. Barriers and facilitators were identified across several domains of the CFIR and are consistent with a recently published DBT implementation Framework [2]. Future research should pay particular attention to the domain of characteristics of individuals involved in DBT implementation. The results highlight the importance of a mandated service plan for the coordinated implementation of an evidence-based treatment in a public health service.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03180541; Registered June 7th 2017 ‘retrospectively registered’
Health Insurance Benefit Package in Iran: A Qualitative Policy Process Analysis
Authors: Mohamadi Efat , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Takian Amirhossein , Rashidian Arash , Hassanzadeh Ali , Razavi Moaven , Ghazanfari Sadegh
Published: September 2019

Introduction The lack of transparency in prioritization of health services, multiple health insurance organizations with various and not-aligned policies, plus limited resources to provide comprehensive health coverage are among the challenges to design appropriate Health Insurance benefit Package (HIBP) in Iran.Method data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts, plus document analysis and observation, from February 2014 until October 2016. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, two independent researchers analyzed data and used MAXQDA.11 software for data management.Results We identified 10 main themes, plus 81 sub-themes related to development and implementation of BP, including: lack of transparent criteria for inclusion of services within BP, inadequate use of scientific evidences in determination of BP, lack of evaluation systems, and weak decision-making process. We propose 11 solutions and 25 policy options to improve the situation.Discussion Design and implementation of HIBP did not follow evidence-based and logical algorithm in Iran. Rather, political and financial influences at the macro level determined the decisions. This is rooted in social, cultural and economic norms in the country, whereby political and economic factors have the greatest impact on the implementation of HIBP.Conclusion To define a cost-effective HIBP in Iran, it is pivotal to develop transparent and evidence-based guidelines about the processes and the stewardship of BP, which are in line with upstream policies and societal characteristics. Worse still, the possible conflict of interests and its harms need to be minimized in advance.