bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Social Justice
Authors: Peart Tasha
Published: April 2020

This chapter focuses on evaluating research on initiatives or programs to promote academic achievement among diverse learners at the university-level. It begins by reviewing data on the growth of college enrollment of under-represented students, particularly in the context of factors that motivate or impede diverse students to be successful in their college degree programs. It then discusses and evaluates research on the interventions or programs that have been developed to increase enrollment, retention, and ultimately graduation, particularly among under-represented students. Implications for future institutional research, educational practice, and policy recommendations in higher education are discussed.
Non-Native English-Speaking Students' Perspectives of Culture, Language, and Academic Success
Authors: Stojanovic Maja , Robinson Petra A.
Published: April 2020

The chapter examines how non-native English-speaking graduate students perceive academic success and possible linguistic and cultural challenges in graduate schools in the United States. Data were collected from six in-depth individual face-to-face interviews specifically to understand the complexities and nuances in the perceptions of non-native English-speaking graduate students related to their academic success and possible challenges they face that may be caused by the lack of native-like language proficiency. Students' perceptions revealed the importance of cultural and language training for key stakeholders. Graduate schools as well as those teaching multicultural classes, among other stakeholders, should utilize this information to help modify English language programs and curricula for current and new students.
Identity Construction in Latina Students
Authors: Iyengar Kalpana Mukunda
Published: April 2020

This chapter illuminates a literacy educator's efforts in engaging Latina adult university students with writing authentic texts in which they critically reflect on their life experiences. The study describes how critical autobiographies—by providing engaging opportunities for the writing process—also served as an initiator to articulate aspirant's difficult life experiences. The autobiographies are analyzed utilizing Howard and Alamilla's (2015) perspectives on gender identities (essentialism, socialization, social construction, and structuralism). The findings help connect with prior research that when students are allowed to write about their cultural experiences, they are (1) able to express their inadequacies and struggles using life experiences within their families and communities, and they (2) reveal multiple aspects of their cultural identities as Latina.
Degradation of Nitrogen Fraction in Kacang Goats Feed Supplementation Calliandra сalothyrsus Substituted Soybean Meal
Authors: Kustantinah Kustantinah , Suhartanto Bambang , Indarto Edwin , Zulfa Insani Hubi , Atmojo Fajar Ajimukti
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Calliandra leaves (Calliandra calothyrsus) as a protein source in the Kacang goat’s diet and as an alternative to substitute the use of soybean meal (SBM) in goat’s diets. The proportion of C. calothyrsus feed substitution and SBM is T1 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% SBM; T2 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 25% C. calothyrsus + 75% SBM; T3 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 50% C. calothyrsus + 50% SBM; T4 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 75% C. calothyrsus + 25% SBM; and T5 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% C. calothyrsus. The last 10 days, collections was conducted include total collections of feeding, the residue of the feed, and feces. The parameters observed were intake and nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) (% CP), and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) (% CP). Data obtained from the study were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, then if the results show significant differences, it will be analyzed further with Duncan's new multiple range test. The results showed that C. calothyrsus substitution treatment of 25 to 100% (T2, T3, T4, T5) gives noticeable influence (P<0.05) for nutrient intakes, excretion (feces), and digested nutrients. The highest intake and digestible fraction of N-NDF, N-ADF, NDIN, and ADIN is the T5 treatment, which is the replacement of SBM with 100% C. calothyrsus (P<0.05).
Simple and Low-Cost Rotating Analyzer Ellipsometer (RAE) for Wavelength Dependent Optical Constant Characterization of Novel Materials
Authors: Herawati Asmida , Khasanah Riza Ariyani Nur , Maulana Lucky Zaehir , Suharyadi Edi , Santoso Iman
Published: April 2020

Simple and low-cost homemade Rotating Analyzer Ellipsometer (RAE) configuration has been developed. Ellipsometer measures the changes of the reflected light polarization of the sample, yielding to the ratio of amplitude (ψ) and phase difference (Δ) between p- and s-polarization. Based on the ψ and Δ values, the dielectric constant of the sample can be extracted. However, the available manufacturer-made ellipsometer is quite expensive and is not a good choice for the student to learn the optical concept since the complexity of its structure could hide the simple optical concept during the measurement. In this work, we have built RAE that constituted of relatively simple components and low-cost as well as simple configuration. Here, we also show the principle of measurement and the ellipsometry data analysis using the optical model related to the system under study Drude-Lorentz model. The calibration of our SE has been done by measuring standard materials in the energy range of 1.5 to 3.3 eV and it was compared to the reference measurement using standard ellipsometer. The result is surprisingly accurate within the error of 5%. This research can be used for studying the several important optical concepts as well as for investigating nanostructured materials.
Effect of Zn on Dielectric Properties of Co-ZnFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Lumbantoruan Masni Agustina , Suharyadi Edi
Published: April 2020

Dielectric properties of Zn substituted cobalt ferrite (Co1-xZnxFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles with various Zn concentrations (x = 0.2-0.8) have been successfully investigated. The structure of the prepared samples Co1-xZnxFe2O4 confirmed to be cubic spinel structure using X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallite size of the sample was found to decrease with the increase of zinc content from 11.6 nm to 9.8 nm, while the lattice parameters found to increase with the increase of zinc from 8.18 to 8.25 Å. For Zinc x = 0.6 at frequency 5 kHz have the highest real dielectric constant (ɛ') was 678.8 and imaginary dielectric constant (ɛ'') was 833.3. The maximum impedance found at zinc x = 0.3 was 138.5. The dielectric constant decrease rapidly with increasing the frequency and then reaches the constant value where the frequency was used from 5-120 kHz.
Cyclophilin D Regulates Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Survival in a Cell-Extrinsic Manner
Authors: Condotta Stephanie A , Downey Jeffrey , Pardy Ryan D , Valbon Stefanie F , Tarrab Esther , Lamarre Alain , Divangahi Maziar , Richer Martin J
Published: April 2020

CD8+ T cell–mediated immunity is critical for host defense against viruses and requires mitochondria-mediated type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling for optimal protection. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein that modulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, but its role in IFN-I signaling and CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection has not been previously explored. In this study, we demonstrate that CypD plays a critical extrinsic role in the survival of Ag-specific CD8+ T cell following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. CypD deficiency resulted in reduced IFN-I and increased CD8+ T cell death, resulting in a reduced antiviral CD8+ T cell response. In addition, CypD deficiency was associated with an increase in pathogen burden at an early time-point following infection. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that transfer of wild-type macrophages (expressing CypD) to CypD-deficient mice can partially restore CD8+ T cell responses. These results establish that CypD plays an extrinsic role in regulating optimal effector CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. Furthermore, this suggests that, under certain circumstances, inhibition of CypD function may have a detrimental impact on the host’s ability to respond to viral infection.
Hospital care in Departments defined as COVID-free: A proposal for a safe hospitalization protecting healthcare professionals and patients not affected by COVID-19
Authors: Leonardi Rosario , Bellinzoni Piera , Broglia Luigi , Colombo Renzo , De Marchi Davide , Falcone Lorenzo , Giusti Guido , Grasso Vincenzo , Mantica Guglielmo , Passaretti Giovanni , Proietti Silvia , Russo Antonio , Saitta Giuseppe , Smelzo Salvatore , Suardi Nazareno , Gaboardi Franco
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the normal course of clinical practice leading to significant delays in the delivery of healthcare services for patients non affected by COVID-19. In the near future, it will be crucial to identify facilities capable of providing health care in compliance with the safety of healthcare professionals, administrative staff and patients. All the staff involved in the project of a Covid-free hospital should be subjected to a diagnostic swab for COVID-19 before the beginning of healthcare activity and then periodically in order to avoid the risk of contamination of patients during the process of care. The modifications of various activities involved in the process of care are described: outpatient care, reception of inpatients, inpatient ward and operating room. For outpatient care, modality of appointment procedure, characteristics of waiting room and personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare professionals and administrative staff are presented. Reception of inpatients shall be conditional on a negative swab for COVID-19 obtained with a drive-in procedure. The management of the operating room represents the most crucial step of the patient's care process. The surgical team should be restricted and monitored with periodic swabs; surgical procedures should be performed by experienced surgeons according to standard procedures; surgical training experimental treatments and research protocols should be suspended. Adequate personal protective equipment and measures to reduce aerosolization in the operating room (closed circuits, continuous cycle insufflators, fume extraction) should be adopted. Prevention of possible transmission of the virus during procedures in open, laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery is to use a multi-tactic approach, which includes correct filtration and ventilation of the operating room, the use of appropriate PPE (FFP3 plus surgical mask and protective visor for all the staff working in the operating room) and smoke evacuation devices with a suction and filter system.

 

on behalf of the UrOP Executive CommitteeGiuseppe Ludovico, Angelo Cafarelli, Ottavio De Cobelli, Ferdinando De Marco, Giovanni Ferrari, Stefano Pecoraro, Angelo Porreca, Domenico Tuzzolo
Cobalt deficiency in pastured sheep in the South-Western Cape Province
Authors: Schneider D. J. , Heine E. W.P. , Green Jennifer R.
Published: April 2020

Annually recurrent illthrift and mortalities in a small flock of pastured sheep at the Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Stellenbosch were cured by the supplementation of cobalt. The similarities between acute cobalt deficiency and ovine white liver disease are discussed.
Arthritis in slaughter pigs
Authors: Turner G. V. , Collett M. G. , Veary C. M. , Kruger Charlotte
Published: April 2020

Joints obtained from 192 pig carcases were examined by means of standard microbiological and macro- and histopathological procedures. Approximately 32% of the joints were considered normal; 35,5% showed lesions consistent with osteochondrosis and a non-specific synovitis was present 'in 24,4%. Only 6,1% of taints were arthritic and yielded either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp. The remainder (2,30/0) had periarticular lesions such as abscesses. The study emphasises that an accurate diagnosis and correct evaluation of pig carcases showing joint lesions, is absolutely essential if a high standard of meat inspection is to be obtained and unnecessary economic losses are to be avoided.
The effect of premedication on the induction dose of propofol in dogs and cats
Authors: Geel Judith K.
Published: April 2020

The effect of premedication on the induction dose of propofol was determined in 15 cats and 25 dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures. The induction dose of propofol in dogs younger than 8 years old was 6,9 ± 0,9 mg kg-¹ (n=4) without premedication and 4,3 ± 1,4 mg kg-¹ (n=12) with premedication with acetylpromazine maleate. The induction dose in cats younger, than 3 years old was 7,8 ± 1,1 mg kg-¹ (n=8) with atropine alone and 7,1 ± 0,9 mg kg (n=7) with the inclusion of acetylpromazine maleate. The reduction in the induction dose of propofol was statistically significant in dogs, hut not in cats. When atropine was used together with a fentanyl-droperidol combination or pethidine and acetylpromazine maleate in dogs, the mean induction dose of propofol was reduced to 2,1 ± 0,1 mg kg (n=4) and 2,4 ± 0,3 mg kg-¹ (n=5), respectively. Propofol was also evaluated as an induction agent in patients undergoing non-elective surgical procedures.
A Note on the Vanishing Viscosity Limit in the Yudovich Class
Authors: Seis Christian
Published: April 2020

We consider the inviscid limit for the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations in the class of integrable and bounded vorticity fields. It is expected that the difference between the Navier–Stokes and Euler velocity fields vanishes in $L^2$ with an order proportional to the square root of the viscosity constant $\nu $. Here, we provide an order $ (\nu /|\log \nu | )^{\frac 12\exp (-Ct)}$ bound, which slightly improves upon earlier results by Chemin.
Aspectos curriculares da formação em Educação Física para a docência na Educação Infantil
Authors: Nunes Karen Vieira de Ornel , Poulsen Fernanda Feijó , Duek Viviane Preichardt
Published: April 2020

O estudo objetivou identificar como os currículos dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física se organizam quanto à formação de professores para atuação na Educação Infantil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo documental. Os documentos analisados foram as matrizes curriculares de três Universidades Federais da região Sul do país, localizadas nas capitais. Os dados revelam duas concepções principais de infância: a primeira e mais frequente, alinhada a uma ótica biologicista e a segunda mais pautada em aspectos socioculturais. Ressalta-se que o projeto educacional da Educação Física para a Educação Infantil aparece diretamente influenciado por tais concepções. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uma adequação dos currículos, de modo a refletir sobre as concepções de criança e infância que permeiam a formação de professores em Educação Física, aproximando-se das especificidades da organização do trabalho pedagógico na Educação Infantil.
Brincar e interagir nos espaços da escola infantil
Authors: Nocelli Zuleica Beatriz Gomes , Valiengo Amanda
Published: April 2020

O livro "Brincar e interagir nos espaços da escola infantil", de autoria de Maria da Graça Souza Horn, elucida, por meio de argumentos teóricos e práticos, com diferentes ilustrações – que compõem grande parte do livro –, os dois eixos propostos pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil. Por meio da leitura do livro, professoras e professores podem encontrar possibilidades de reflexão e propostas práticas para o trabalho pedagógico na Educação Infantil, especialmente no que se refere à organização do espaço e ambiente a fim de ampliar as brincadeiras e interações na educação das crianças.
Experiências de cuidado de si, do outro e do ambiente nas múltiplas narrativas das crianças na educação infantil
Authors: Maranhão Damaris Gomes , Zóia Débora Fernandes
Published: April 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever as experiências de cuidado de si, do outro e do ambiente expressas pelas crianças em suas interações, brincadeiras e em suas múltiplas linguagens. Trata-se do relato de experiência de uma professora do grupo de crianças de dois a três anos em uma instituição de Educação Infantil, situada na grande São Paulo, que documentou falas, desenhos e cenas das crianças interagindo e brincando, analisando-as em parceria com uma especialista em cuidados na Educação Infantil, à luz de autores sócio-históricos e da Antropologia. Conclui-se que o processo de cuidado permeou todas as interações e brincadeiras, integrando diversos saberes.
Large-scale ion generation for precipitation of atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Ma Shaoxiang , Cheng He , Li Jiacheng , Xu Maoyuan , Liu Dawei , Ostrikov Kostya
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Artificial rain is explored as a remedy to climate change caused farmland drought and bushfires. Increasing the ion density in the open air is an efficient way to generate charged nuclei from atmospheric aerosols and induce precipitation or eliminate fog. Here we report on the development of the large commercial installation scale atmospheric ion generator based on corona plasma discharges, experimental monitoring and numerical modeling of the parameters and range of the atmospheric ions, and application of the generated ions to produce charged aerosols and induce precipitation at a scale of a large cloud chamber. The coverage area of the ions generated by the large corona discharge installation with the 7.2 km long wire electrode and applied voltage of −90 kV is studied under prevailing weather conditions including wind direction and speed. By synergizing over 300 000 localized corona discharge points, we demonstrate a substantial decrease of the decay of ions compared to a single corona discharge point in the open air, leading to a large-scale (30 m × 23 m × 90 m) ion coverage. Once aerosols combine with the generated ions, charged nuclei are produced. The higher wind speed has led to the larger areas covered by the plasma generated ions. The cloud chamber experiments (relative humidity 130 ± 10 %) suggest that the charged aerosols generated by ions with the density of ~ 104/cm3 can accelerate the settlement of moisture by 38 %. These results are promising for the development of large-scale installations for the effective localized control of atmospheric phenomena.
Assessing the value of BGC Argo profiles versus ocean colour observations for biogeochemical model optimization in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wang Bin , Fennel Katja , Yu Liuqian , Gordon Christopher
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Biogeochemical ocean models are useful tools subject to uncertainties arising from simplifications, inaccurate parameterization of processes, and poorly known model parameters. Parameter optimization is a standard method for addressing the latter but typically cannot constrain all biogeochemical parameters because of insufficient observations. Here we assess the trade-offs between satellite observations of ocean colour and biogeochemical (BGC) Argo profiles, and the benefits of combining both observation types, for optimizing biogeochemical parameters in a model of the Gulf of Mexico. A suite of optimization experiments is carried out using different combinations of satellite chlorophyll and profile measurements of chlorophyll, phytoplankton biomass, and particulate organic carbon (POC) from autonomous floats. As parameter optimization in 3D models is computationally expensive, we optimize the parameters in a 1D model version, and then perform 3D simulations using these parameters. We show first that the use of parameters optimized in 1D improves the skill of the 3D model. Parameters that are only optimized with respect to surface chlorophyll cannot reproduce subsurface distributions of biological fields. Adding profiles of chlorophyll in the parameter optimization yields significant improvements for surface and subsurface chlorophyll but does not accurately capture subsurface phytoplankton and POC distributions because the parameter for the maximum ratio of chlorophyll to phytoplankton carbon is not well constrained in that case. Using all available observations leads to significant improvements of both observed (chlorophyll, phytoplankton, and POC) and unobserved variables (e.g. primary production). Our results highlight the significant benefits of BGC Argo measurements for biogeochemical parameter optimization and model calibration.
PhytoBase: A global synthesis of open-ocean phytoplankton occurrences
Authors: Righetti Damiano , Vogt Meike , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Guiry Michael D. , Gruber Nicolas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Marine phytoplankton are responsible for half of the
global net primary production and perform multiple other ecological
functions and services of the global ocean. These photosynthetic organisms
comprise more than 4300 marine species, but their biogeographic patterns and
the resulting species diversity are poorly known, mostly owing to severe
data limitations. Here, we compile, synthesize, and harmonize marine
phytoplankton occurrence records from the two largest biological occurrence
archives (Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS; and Global
Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF) and three independent recent data
collections. We bring together over 1.36 million phytoplankton occurrence
records (1.28 million at the level of species) for a total of 1704 species,
spanning the principal groups of the diatoms, dinoflagellates, and
haptophytes, as well as several other groups. This data compilation
increases the amount of marine phytoplankton records available through the
single largest contributing archive (OBIS) by 65 %. Data span all ocean
basins, latitudes, and most seasons. Analyzing the oceanic inventory of
sampled phytoplankton species richness at the broadest spatial scales
possible using a resampling procedure, we find that richness tends to
saturate at ∼93 % of all species in our
database in the pantropics, at ∼64 % in temperate waters, and
at ∼35 % in the cold Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern
Hemisphere remains under-explored. We provide metadata on the cruise,
research institution, depth, and date for each data record, and we include
phytoplankton cell counts for 193 763 records. We strongly recommend
consideration of spatiotemporal biases in sampling intensity and varying
taxonomic sampling scopes between research cruises or institutions when
analyzing the occurrence data spatially. Including such information into
predictive tools, such as statistical species distribution models, may serve
to project the diversity, niches, and distribution of species in the
contemporary and future ocean, opening the door for quantitative
macroecological analyses of phytoplankton. PhytoBase can be downloaded from
PANGAEA: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904397 (Righetti et al., 2019a).
Experimental evidence for bifurcation angles control on abandoned channel fill geometry
Authors: Szewczyk Léo , Grimaud Jean-Louis , Cojan Isabelle
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The
nature of abandoned channels' sedimentary fills has a
significant influence on the development and evolution of floodplains and
ultimately on fluvial reservoir geometry. A control of bifurcation geometry
(i.e., bifurcation angle) on channel abandonment dynamics and resulting
channel fills, such as sand plugs, has been intuited many times but never
quantified. In this study, we present a series of experiments focusing on
bedload transport designed to test the conditions for channel abandonment by
modifying the bifurcation angle between channels, the flow incidence angles
and the differential channel bottom slopes. We find that disconnection is
possible in the case of asymmetrical bifurcations with high diversion angle
(≥30∘) and quantify for the first time an inverse
relationship between diversion angle and sand plug length and volume. The
resulting sand plug formation is initiated in the flow separation zone at the
external bank of the mouth of the diverted channel. Sedimentation in this
zone induces a feedback loop leading to sand plug growth, discharge decrease
and eventually to channel disconnection. Finally, the formation processes
and final complex architecture of sand plugs are described, allowing for a
better understanding of their geometry. Although our setup lacks some of the
complexity of natural rivers, our results seem to apply at larger scales.
Taken into account, these new data will improve fluvial (reservoir) models
by incorporating more realistic topography and grain size description in
abandoned channels.
Making the provincial relevant? Embracing the provincialization of continental European geographies
Authors: Houssay-Holzschuch Myriam
Published: April 2020

Abstract. English-speaking hegemony shapes the geography of legitimate knowledge production in our discipline, pushing geographies in other languages and traditions to the periphery. The overall phenomenon has overshadowed these peripheries' diversity and what is at stake within them. I argue that continental European geographies occupy a specific position – they have been provincialized rather than peripheralized. This provincialization should not be lamented. Given our colonial past and Northern privilege, we should instead embrace this provincialization as long overdue and a moral imperative. I subsequently explore a few provincialization-embracing postures – all with merit, none unproblematic – that we can adopt for fieldwork and writing. I then propose practical steps that continental European geographies can take toward a more ethical and cosmopolitan praxis.
Modelling the mineralogical composition and solubility of mineral dust in the Mediterranean area with CHIMERE 2017r4
Authors: Menut Laurent , Siour Guillaume , Bessagnet Bertrand , Couvidat Florian , Journet Emilie , Balkanski Yves , Desboeufs Karine
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Modelling of mineral dust is often done using one single mean species. But for biogeochemical studies, it could be useful to access to a more
detailed information on differentiated mineral species and the associated chemical composition. Differentiating between mineral species would also
induce different optical properties and densities and then different radiative impact, transport and deposition. In this study, the mineralogical
differentiation is implemented in the CHIMERE regional chemistry-transport model, by using global databases. The results show that this
implementation does not change the results much in terms of aerosol optical depth, surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. But the information
on mineralogy, with a high spatial (a few kilometres) and temporal (1 h) resolution, is now available and is ready to be used for future
biogeochemical studies.
Risk assessment of sea ice disasters on fixed jacket platforms in Liaodong Bay
Authors: Xu Ning , Yuan Shuai , Liu Xueqin , Ma Yuxian , Shi Wenqi , Zhang Dayong
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sea ice disasters seriously threaten the structural safety of oil
platforms in the Bohai Sea. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out
a risk assessment of sea ice disasters on oil platforms in the
Bohai Sea. In this study, a risk assessment of sea ice disasters on
fixed jacket platforms in Liaodong Bay, in the Bohai Sea, was performed
in five steps. Firstly, the formation mechanisms of sea ice
disasters were analyzed and the sources and modes of sea ice risks
were summarized. Secondly, according to the calculation formulas of
extreme ice force, dynamic ice force, and accumulated force, several
ice indices such as thickness, motion, strength, period, and
concentration were proposed as the hazard indices, and corresponding
values were then assigned to the proposed indices based on ice
conditions in the Bohai Sea. Thirdly, based on four structural
failure modes – structural overturning by extreme ice force (Mode 1),
structural fracture failure caused by dynamic ice force (Mode 2),
the damage of facilities caused by dynamic ice force (Mode 3), and
structural function failure caused by accumulated ice (Mode 4) – the
structural vulnerability index, overturning index, dynamic index,
ice-induced vibration index, and function index were proposed, and
corresponding values were assigned to the structural vulnerability
index of fixed jacket platforms in Liaodong Bay. Fourthly, the
weight of each risk index was determined according to previously
recorded sea ice disasters and accidents, and the sea ice risk was
then calculated with the weighted synthetic index method. Finally,
with the above index system and risk assessment methods, the risk
assessment of sea ice disasters on 10 jacket platforms in three sea
areas in Liaodong Bay was carried out. The analysis results
showed that efficient sea ice prevention strategies could largely
mitigate the sea ice-induced vibration-related risks of jacket
platforms in Liaodong Bay. If steady-state vibration occurs
(usually in front of the vertical legged structure) or the
structural fundamental frequency is high, the structural
vulnerability is significantly increased and the calculated risk
levels are high. The sea ice risk assessment method can be applied
in the design, operation, and management of other engineering
structures in sea ice areas.
El partido-movimiento como expresión de la democracia radical. Emergencia y consolidación de Podemos en España y Revolución Democrática en Chile
Authors: Alvarado-Espina Eduardo , Morales-Olivares Rommy , Rivera-Vargas Pablo
Published: April 2020

La crisis económica del 2008, cuyos peores efectos se percibieron en los países desarrollados, reavivó la disputa política por la hegemonía ideológica. Con ella se evidenció la disfunción existente entre bienes materiales e inmateriales que produce la sociedad capitalista y la satisfacción de la ciudadanía hacia estos en las democracias consolidadas. Esta disfunción, como sucedió en España y Chile, originó nuevos movimientos políticos que buscaron representar las viejas injusticias irresueltas por la democracia liberal, y las nuevas tensiones que emergieron con y tras la crisis económica. El presente artículo aborda este proceso mediante el análisis comparado de una conjunción de factores estructurales y supraestructurales, con el fin de comprender la emergencia y consolidación de Podemos en España y Revolución Democrática en Chile como partidos-movimiento. Para conseguir este objetivo, y desde un marco teórico centrado en las premisas de la democracia radical y el pluralismo agonista y las características del partido-movimiento, se explora en las condiciones socioeconómicas, culturales e institucionales que pueden explicar la irrupción y consolidación de este tipo de partido político. A partir de este análisis se concluye que: 1) la emergencia de ambos partidos se explica por las condiciones materiales de desigualdad en ambos países; 2) en su origen, los dos partidos pueden ser definidos nítidamente como partidos-movimiento; y 3) estos partidos se han convertido en una alternativa a los partidos tradicionales, pero dentro del propio régimen político que impugnan.
Viewpoints of Quran on Euthanasia and Assisted- Suicide
Authors: Atharizadeh Mahmood
Published: April 2020

Euthanasia is a new phenomenon which emerges in medical fields and it may become the process of entering in common use, though, it has undergone a long history with sharp ethical, legal, and philosophical controversies among philosophers and theologians. In addition, it may cause arguments for and against its use among physicians in treating gravely ill patients suffering from terminally dead diseases. Therefore, some governments try to legalize it in their parliaments. Although it may be considered as a new good alternative for treating such patients, there is no single criterion for its applying. Quran, the Book of Islam, sharply rejects and forbids euthanasia and considers it an action against the will of God and the purpose of human being's creation which deserves an eternally punishment in the after world.
Structural Characterization of β-Glycolaldehyde Dimer
Authors: Mohaček-Grošev Vlasta , Prugovečki Biserka , Prugovečki Stjepan
Published: April 2020

Structural characterization of the β-polymorph of glycolaldehyde dimer by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopies is described. The previously described α-polymorph and the β-polymorph both crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c, but with different cell parameters. There are no significant differences in the glycolaldehyde dimer molecular structure, the molecules in both polymorphs are trans-isomers with the hydroxyl groups in axial positions. The two polymorphs have a different arrangement of the glycolaldehyde dimer molecules. In the previously reported α-polymorph the molecules are arranged in hydrogen bonded layers parallel to (100) while in the β-polymorph the hydrogen bonded molecules are arranged in a three-dimensional network. Theoretically calculated Gibbs free energy as well as differential scanning calorimetry indicate β-polymorph to be the stable crystal phase of glycolaldehyde.
Prognozowanie i badanie eksperymentalne grubości dzianiny i jej wpływu na właściwości dzianiny „single jersey”
Authors: Maheswaran Rathinam , Srinivasan Varadharaj , Muralikrishnan A.
Published: April 2020

W pracy skoncentrowano się na badaniu właściwości dzianin wytwarzanych z przędz mieszanych wykonanych z różnych proporcji włókien modalnych (M) i bawełnianych (C). W tym celu wytworzono próbki dzianiny single jersey z mieszanych przędz modalnych i modalno- bawełnianych składających się z trzech różnych proporcji włókien MC (M:C – 100:0, 70:30 i 50:50) i trzech różnych długościach pęteli zarówno z przędzy pierścieniowej, jak i zwartej. Otrzymano osiemnaście próbek, które zbadano pod kątem wpływu stosunku mieszanki MC, rodzaju przędzy i długości pętli na wytrzymałość na rozerwanie i przepuszczalność powietrza dzianin. Przeprowadzono test ANOVA na poziomie istotności 95%. Wyniki pokazały, że stosunek mieszanki bawełny ma znaczący wpływ na wytrzymałość na rozerwanie i przepuszczalność powietrza dzianiny. Zauważono również, że rodzaj przędzy i długość pętli mają znaczący wpływ na mierzone parametry jakościowe dzianiny.
Numerical simulation of the stress state
of an erosion-worn tee of the main
gas pipeline
Authors: Doroshenko Ya. , Zapukhliak V. , Grudz Ya. , Poberezhny L. , Hrytsanchuk A. , Popovych P. , Shevchuk O.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To investigate the strength of tees with regard to their erosion wear, it is necessary
to consider the complex three-dimensional geometric shape of the erosion worn inner
surface of the tee. In addition, the study of the strength of the erosion worn tees of the main
gas pipelines is complicated by the occurrence of additional stresses caused by changes in
the direction of movement of the gas stream, resulting in an uneven pressure distribution in
the inner cavity of the tee, and the temperature difference in its walls.
Design/methodology/approach: Methodology for complex numerical three-dimensional
simulation of the stressed state of tees of the main gas pipelines, taking into account the
gas-dynamic processes that occur in the places of these defects, erosion wear of the tee
wall, temperature difference in the tee walls.
Findings: The acceptable parameters of erosion defects of tees of gas pipelines, and
residual life of tees with erosion defects of the wall should be determined.
Research limitations/implications: The developed model does not take into account
internal corrosion and corrosion products as an additional erosion factor. Further studies
plan to develop a model of corrosion-erosion wear of pipeline elements.
Practical implications: The developed technique allows determining the location of
erosion defects, estimating the strength and determining the residual life of tees with erosion
wear of the wall in order to ensure their reliability, to rank such defects according to the
degree of danger, to determine which of them are critical and need an immediate repair.
Originality/value: Based on the gas-dynamic processes occurring in the internal cavity of
the main gas pipelines’ tees, the complex three-dimensional geometric form of wall erosion
defects, and temperature difference, the technique of three-dimensional simulation of stress
state of the main gas pipelines’ tees is developed.
Das Vereinigte Königreich post-Brexit: die Erforderlichkeit einer Neuausrichtung des nationalen Prozesses zum Abschluss von künftigen UK-Freihandelsabkommen
Authors: Glöckle Caroline
Published: April 2020

Mit dem Ende der Übergangsphase (sog. transition period) nach dem Brexit kann das Vereinigte Königreich vollumfänglich von den vormals im Rahmen der gemeinsamen Handelspolitik gem. Art. 207 AEUV auf die Union übertragenen Kompetenzen zum Abschluss von Freihandelsabkommen Gebrauch machen. Neben Fragen, wie mit während der Unionsmitgliedschaft abgeschlossenen Freihandelsabkommen des Vereinigten Königreichs künftig verfahren werden soll (sog. „roll-over“-Problematik), stellt sich für die Zeit post-Brexit insbesondere im Kontext des Abschlusses neuer Freihandelsabkommen für das Vereinigte Königreich die Herausforderung, einen eigenen, d.h. nationalen Prozess zu gestalten. Ein solcher sollte vor dem Hintergrund des breit gefächerten Regelungsinhaltes umfassender Freihandelsabkommen (sog. comprehensive free trade agreements oder auch 21st century agreements) bestenfalls die gewachsenen Anforderungen an einen derartigen Prozess abbilden. Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich diesem Problemkreis unter rechtsvergleichender Berücksichtigung des unionalen wie auch des US-amerikanischen Verfahrens zur Verhandlung und zum Abschluss von (umfassenden) Freihandelsabkommen.
Führung öffentlicher Unternehmen zwischen Politik und Markt
Authors: Schröter Eckhard , Röber Manfred
Published: April 2020

Die Führung öffentlicher Unternehmen und die damit verbundenen Anforderungen an die Public Corporate Governance werden zumeist mit Blick auf zwei zugespitzte Modelle diskutiert: das politische Modell, das auf die Interessen der öffentlichen Eigentümer zugeschnitten ist, und das manageriale Modell, das die Notwendigkeit professioneller Unternehmensführung betont. Diese Gegenüberstellung wird der komplexen Thematik jedoch nicht gerecht, da jedes Modell seine eigene Schattenseite hat. Daher wird in diesem Aufsatz die angemessene Balance der beiden Modelle bei der Führung öffentlicher Unternehmen erörtert. Insbesondere wird das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen „politischer“ und „managerialer“ Führung mit Blick auf die Zusammensetzung von Aufsichtsräten sowie auf die Besetzung von Geschäftsführungs- und Vorstandspositionen analysiert. Die Argumentation mündet in ein Plädoyer für den „Public Manager“ als Führungskräfte-Typus, der Managementkompetenz mit dem Gespür für politische Umfeldbedingungen vereint und sich dem öffentlichen Auftrag des Unternehmens verpflichtet fühlt.
Werbekennzeichnung ad absurdum? Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Stand der Werbekennzeichnung im Influencer-Marketing
Authors: Reimann Ellen Pia
Published: April 2020

Influencer lassen sich als neues Phänomen nicht nur schwer in die herkömmlichen kommunikationswissenschaftlichen und rechtlichen Kategorien einordnen, auch ihre Motivation bei der Erstellung von Inhalten ist dem Rezipienten nicht immer eindeutig ersichtlich. Aus diesem Grund sehen sich Influencer immer wieder mit dem Vorwurf der „Schleichwerbung“ konfrontiert. Da ein Grundsatzurteil dazu bisher fehlt, kommen Gerichte zu unterschiedlichen und teils strittigen Urteilen. Diese führten zu einer umfassenden Debatte über die rechtliche Einordnung von Influencern. Die Beschaffenheit der sozialen Medien lässt es nicht zu, bestehende Gesetze einfach auf die neue Werbeform des Influencer-Marketings anzuwenden. Es muss zunächst ein umfassendes Verständnis für diese neue Werbeform und ihre Wirkungsmechanismen entwickelt werden. An dieser Stelle setzt die Kommunikationswissenschaft an, die über eine rein rechtliche Betrachtung hinausgeht und sowohl Medienpersonen (Influencer) als auch Rezipienten (Follower) miteinbezieht. Sie ist damit imstande, bei Unklarheiten der rechtlichen Regulierung von „Schleichwerbung“ durch Influencer behilflich zu sein.

Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Debatte über die Werbekennzeichnung in den sozialen Medien und lässt mittels qualitativer Interviews die Beteiligten an der Debatte (Influencer, Landesmedienanstalten, Wettbewerbsverbände und Rechtsprechung) zu Wort kommen. Sie zeigt, dass mit der Vorgehensweise der Gerichte der Werbebegriff ad absurdum geführt wurde und nicht mehr Transparenz über die Motive von Influencern entstanden ist. Das Vorgehen der Gerichte und des Wettbewerbsverbands VSW hatte vielmehr eine Über- Kennzeichnung in der Influencer-Branche zur Folge, wodurch die eigentliche Motivlage eines Posts erneut unklar wurde. Mit einem Rückbezug auf die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Theorie des Persuasionswissens wurde zudem festgestellt, dass eine Notwendigkeit der Kennzeichnung von Posts von Influencern auch vom jeweiligen Wissen des Rezipienten über das Risiko der Beeinflussung und seiner Einstellung gegenüber dem Influencer abhängt. Alles in allem wird durch die Studie deutlich, dass eine rechtliche Einordnung von Influencern nicht ohne eine kommunikationswissenschaftliche Betrachtung auskommt, denn sie gibt wichtige Hinweise darauf, wie eine zukünftige Kennzeichnung aus normativer Perspektive erfolgen sollte.
Despentes ou l’affranchissement du corps
Authors: Thériault Mélissa ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2020

La romancière et essayiste Virginie Despentes s’est imposée par une plume qui fait écho aux travaux de Preciado ou Butler, où, par le biais d’une forme de recherche-création, elle aborde des thèmes tels que la prostitution, la pornographie ou la violence féminine. Partant du principe selon lequel le personnel est politique, sa réflexion expose le caractère construit de ce qu’on prend habituellement pour donner : le soi et l’identité genrée. Cet article entend montrer comment le corps est décrit par Despentes comme lieu d’une potentielle résistance politique dans la mesure où, tout comme le soi, il peut se soustraire du moins en partie aux déterminismes par un processus d’autoreconstruction. En transformant leurs corps de façon à redéfinir leur identité, les personnages décrits par Despentes présentent différentes façons de penser les rapports entre individus, mais surtout, de générer un discours critique qui permet de penser l’identité au-delà des dichotomies de genre. French novelist and essayist Virginie Despentes has become prominent through her literary work, which echoes the works of Preciado or Butler. Through a form of research-creation, Despentes tackles topics such as prostitution, pornography, and female violence. Starting from the principle that “the personal is political,” her reflection exposes the constructed character of what is usually taken as given: the self and gendered identity. This article intends to show how Despentes describes the body as the locus of a potential political resistance insofar as, like the self, it can at least partly escape determinisms by a process of self-reconstruction. By shaping their own bodies so as to redefine their identity, the characters created by Despentes present different ways to rethink the connections between individuals and, most importantly, different ways to generate a critical discourse that allows one to think about identity beyond gender dichotomies.
Encounters with Deleuze
Authors: Boundas Constantin V. , Smith Daniel W. , Jaarsma Ada S. ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2020

This interview, conducted over the span of several months, tracks the respective journeys of Constantin V. Boundas and Daniel W. Smith with the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. Rather than “becoming Deleuzian,” which is neither desirable nor possible, these exchanges reflect an array of encounters with Deleuze. These include the initial discoveries of Deleuze’s writings by Boundas and Smith, in-person meetings between Boundas and Deleuze, and the wide-ranging and influential philosophical work on Deleuze’s concepts produced by both Boundas and Smith. At stake in this discussion are key contributions by Deleuze to continental philosophy, including the distinction between the virtual and the actual and the very nature of a “concept.” Also at stake is the formative or pedagogical impact of a philosopher, like Deleuze, on those who find and fully engage with his texts, concepts, and project. Cette interview, menée sur plusieurs mois, suit les parcours respectifs de Constantin V. Boundas et Daniel W. Smith avec la philosophie de Gilles Deleuze. Au lieu de « devenir Deleuzien, » ce qui n’est ni souhaitable ni possible, ces échanges reflètent un éventail de rencontres avec Deleuze. Il s’agit notamment des premières découvertes des écrits de Deleuze par Boundas et Smith, des rencontres en personne entre Boundas et Deleuze, et du travail philosophique vaste et in􀏔luent sur les concepts de Deleuze produit par Boundas et Smith. L’enjeu ici étant les contributions clés de Deleuze à la philosophie continentale, y compris la distinction entre le virtuel et l’actuel, et la nature même d’un « concept. » Mais il y a aussi l’impact formateur ou pédagogique d’un philosophe, comme Deleuze, sur ceux qui trouvent et s’engagent pleinement dans ses textes, ses concepts et ses projets.
Los maestres santiaguistas y su designación regia durante el reinado de Juan I de Trastámara (1379-1390): la legitimación del proceso = The Masters of Santiago and Their Royal Appointment during the Reign of Juan I of Trastámara (1379-1390): The Legitimization of the Process
Authors: Plaza Pedroche Milagros
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo pretende indagar en las difíciles relaciones entre el monarca castellano Juan I de Trastámara (1379-1390) y la Orden de Santiago durante las décadas finales del siglo XIV, así como en las diversas políticas emprendidas por la Corona en lo que al nombramiento de maestres santiaguistas se refiere.AbstractThis article examines the difficult relationship between the Castilian king Juan I of Trastámara (1379-1390) and the Military Order of Santiago in the final decades of the fourteenth century. It explores the political measures advanced by the monarchy with respect to the appointment of the Masters of Santiago.