bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular injuries by less-lethal weapon: a view from Switzerland
Authors: Fierz Anna
Published: December 2024

Dear Editor-in-chief: Thank you for focussing on this troubling subject in your issue 1/2024. It confirms that many of the difficulties involved are similar worldwide. Countries that use less-lethal weapons include Switzerland, the only Western European democracy besides France to employ multiple kinetic impact projectiles. Our rubber scattershot is comparatively small and light but has led to an uninterrupted series of severe eye injuries since 1980. Legal authorities have long questioned whether these were due to rubber ammunition, though ophthalmologists always knew what was going on. Communication channels were non-existent, and monitoring remains a challenge. Please see my recent open-access review in Eye (Fierz, 2024) for details. I would like to add the odd point to your commendable editorial (Pérez-Sales et al., 2024). The common denominator is that eye injuries require eye doctors.
Denial of abortion rights as a form of ill-treatment or torture
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau , Lopez-Martin Sara
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a review of the evolution of sexual and reproductive rights within the context of the international human rights framework.Subsequently, an analysis is presented of the extant data on legislation by country, statistics on unsafe abortion and evidences on the relationship between abortion and mental health. In the second section, the text reviews the legal grounds for two situations: firstly, the denial of health services in relation to the termination of pregnancy as cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; and secondly, those cases in which the denial of abortion could constitute a violation of the Convention against Torture.
Consequently, the position of the relevant international bodies is examined, and the manner in which each assumption of the definition of torture is satisfied is analysed, as well as the significance attributed to each element by the various committees. This information is then used to present elements related to forensic documentation in accordance with the Istanbul Protocol.
THE MAP OF SOLAR RADIATION FOR FIVE MUNICIPALITIES LOCATED IN THE SOUTHEASTERN AND EASTERN PART OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Marčetić Dušanka , Mirjanić Dragoljub , Kovačević Bojan , Đukić Dijana , Pelemiš Svetlana , Divnić Darko
Published: December 2024

The world’s transition process to renewable energy sources emerged as its commitment to limit global warming, mainly caused by the greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy drives most of the processes on the planet, and it can be directly converted into electricity by using photovoltaic technologies. This way of electricity generation proves to be one of the most promising in the achieving the aforementioned goal. Among all renewables, Bosnia and Herzegovina mostly exploits hydropower, whereas its solar potential is almost untouched. In this paper, we produce the map of solar radiation for five municipalities located in the southeastern and eastern part of the Republic of Srpska. The map is obtained by using the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) database. For selected towns, we present average daily irradiation, average monthly and yearly global horizontal irradiation, direct normal irradiation, global irradiation at optimum angle as well as diffuse to global ratio and average temperature. Besides, we give estimates of electricity that could be generated by solar power plants of 5 kWp nominal power, installed on the rooftops of households or buildings. These estimates may guide householders in their decisions to harvest solar energy as independent energy producers.
THE INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF THYMUS SERPYLLUM EXTRACT ON CORROSION OF STEEL
Authors: Gorančić Bojan , Mitrović Marija , Fuchs-Godec Regina , Vasiljević Nebojša , Tomić Milorad
Published: December 2024

The study examined the inhibitive effect of thyme extract as a green inhibitor on the corrosion of two steel types, steel 1 - DC01 and steel 2 - X5 CrNi 18-10, in a 3% NaCl solution. Four test solutions were used: 1) blank 3% NaCl, 2) 3% NaCl + 0.5 g/L thyme extract, 3) 3% NaCl + 1.0 g/L thyme extract, and 4) 3% NaCl + 1.5 g/L thyme extract. Steel samples (3x3x0.2 cm) underwent chemical treatment before being exposed to the non-inhibited and inhibited solutions. Weight loss and electrochemical techniques, i.e. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were employed to investigate the corrosion rate and the inhibitive effect of thyme extract. All experiments were obtained on room temperature. After chemical treatment samples were immersed in blank and inhibited solutions for 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 24h, 48h и 168h. Based on the weight loss in steel samples for the time spent in prepared solutions, negative mass index of corrosion, Km - (g/m2h), depth corrosion indicator, π (mm/year), and degree of efficiency, protection factor, z (%), were calculated. The results of the gravimetric and electrochemical measurements showed that thyme extract had an inhibitive effect on the corrosion of the tested steels, but not sufficient to be recommended for commercial application. The average corrosion inhibition efficiency of thyme extract was below 60% for both steel types. For steel 1, the protection factor was above 80% only in solution 4 after 48h and 168h, while for steel 2, the protection factor was greater than 80% for all three inhibited solutions only after 168h. These findings suggest a very slow adsorption of phytochemicals from thyme extract on the surface of the tested steels.
Evaluative features in the composition of crimes against public (general) security: a modern concept of their use
Authors: Musienko Natalia  Sergeevna
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the evaluative features of the crimes against public (general) safety. In the context of a large-scale perpetration of the said crimes, taking into account of their social danger, for a clear understanding of their content of the features, it seems necessary to study the evaluative categories of these crimes. The author touched upon the features of crimes against public (general) safety as an independent crime's group, and also illustrated the use of evaluative categories in the compositions of these crimes both at the legislative and law enforcement levels. Based on the results of the study, a number of conclusions are made. In particular, it was found that when constructing the compositions of crimes against public (general) safety, evaluative features are used to describe the subject, socially dangerous act and its consequences, method, object used as a tool, special subject and purpose. It was determined that the most extensive and diverse use of evaluative features in the designated compositions of crimes takes place when describing such a mandatory feature of the objective side as a socially dangerous act. The author noted that a number of evaluative features in the crimes against public (general) security received authentic and judicial interpretation. The first is presented in the notes to the relevant articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the second - in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court. In conducting the study, the author also noted that the evaluative categories in relation to the analyzed group of crimes were used not only in constructing the model of the crime, but also in regulating special types of exemption from criminal liability.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity in the Rat Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus
Authors: Ivanov Andrey , Atanasova Dimitrinka , Lazarov Nikolai
Published: December 2024

The spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV) is involved in the transmission of nociceptive information from the orofacial region. This study investigates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemical staining and conducts statistical data analysis within the three subnuclei of the SpV in rats. Our immunohistochemistry study revealed that the SpV has a high expression of nNOS, with immunostaining mostly seen in the perikarya and nerve processes of some neurons. Furthermore, we found that glial cells in the nucleus surrounding blood vessels display a significant nNOS immunohistochemical staining. NOS-immunopositive neurons had small cell bodies. Strong staining is also evident in their processes. NOS-immunoreactive neuronal processes encircled a significant amount of blood vessels. There were statistically significant variations in the nNOS expression between the SpV subnuclei. In particular, the caudal subnucleus exhibited the greatest expression, followed by the interpolar subnucleus, and the oral subnucleus showed the lowest expression. Remarkably, there was no discernible variation in the expression of nNOS in the interpolar and oral regions of the SpV. We suggest that NO can act as a neurotransmitter in increasing nociceptive stimuli in the SpV.
Proposta de gestão de resíduos orgânicos para Francisco Morato
Authors: Wanderley Filipe de Almeida , Cymrot Raquel , Coutinho José Tadeu , Gouvêa Míriam Tvrzská de
Published: December 2024

A ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos mostra ser premente a adoção de ações para mitigação da emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Nesse sentido, faz-se mister não destinar resíduos orgânicos a aterros sanitários. Neste trabalho, avalia-se a situação do município de Francisco Morato, onde são enviados diariamente a aterros sanitários mais de 118 ton de resíduos orgânicos. Apresenta-se uma proposta de valorização desses resíduos pautada na caracterização do cenário do município, desenvolvida a partir de respostas a questionários e entrevistas com diferentes atores relacionados com a gestão de resíduos, em particular de serviços de alimentação. A proposta de gestão inicia-se com a coleta de resíduos por catadores cooperados, seu direcionamento para uma usina de valorização, em que os resíduos seriam submetidos à digestão anaeróbica para a geração de energia elétrica de biogás. O tratamento de 28% dos resíduos orgânicos do município poderia levar a uma geração anual de energia elétrica da ordem de 4,5 GWh com uma redução na liberação de gases de efeito estufa da ordem de 47.275 tCO2-eqano−1. O tratamento de 100% dos resíduos reduziria em 166.183 tCO2-eqano−1 a liberação na atmosfera de gases de efeito estufa e poderia elevar a geração de energia elétrica para quase 16 GWh, obtendo-se em 25 anos um retorno de investimento de 181%. O avanço na implantação da solução proposta depende do engajamento tanto da sociedade civil como de órgãos governamentais.
Fuzzy System for fault detection in electric motors for aluminum casting
Authors: Silva Lenildo Marcos da Mota , Brito Junior Jorge de Almeida , Leite Jandecy Cabral , Alencar David Barbosa de , Nascimento Manoel Henrique Reis , Queiroz Júnior Fernando Cardoso de
Published: December 2024

This study presents the development of a fuzzy logic-based system for predictive fault detection in electric motors used in aluminum casting processes. The addressed problem concerns the need to optimize predictive maintenance in a competitive industrial environment, minimizing unexpected downtimes and costs associated with corrective maintenance. The main objective was to create a fuzzy algorithm for real-time monitoring of critical variables such as temperature, pressure, and electric current. The methodology involved simulations of operational scenarios validated through experimental tests in a controlled environment. Results indicate that the proposed fuzzy system accurately identifies anomalies and issues preventive alerts, contributing to extending motor lifespan and improving operational efficiency. It is concluded that the developed solution can be integrated into industrial supervisory systems, enhancing reliability and productivity.
Evolução da textura cristalográfica na manufatura aditiva por fusão em leito de pó no aço inoxidável 316 L
Authors: Nunes Thaissa Sampaio , Gaidzinski Roberta , Tapanes Neyda de La Caridad Om , Pinto Wilma Clemente de Lima , Santana Ana Isabel Carvalho de
Published: December 2024

Uma revisão bibliográfica foi conduzida para investigar a evolução da textura cristalográfica durante o processo de fusão em leito de pó a laser aplicado aos aços inoxidáveis 316L. Esta técnica de manufatura aditiva tem se destacado por sua capacidade de fabricar peças com precisão milimétrica, atendendo às crescentes demandas por componentes metálicos de alto desempenho em diversos setores industriais. A interação entre o feixe de laser e o material durante a fusão resulta em mudanças significativas na microestrutura, afetando diretamente as propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e químicas do aço inoxidável 316L. O estudo analisou os mecanismos subjacentes à evolução da textura cristalográfica, com ênfase nos modos de solidificação, como solidificação epitaxial e mudanças de orientação preferencial. A pesquisa destacou ainda a influência de parâmetros do processo, como potência do laser, velocidade de varredura e estratégia de trajetória, na formação de texturas específicas. Esses aspectos foram avaliados em função de sua relevância prática para melhorar o controle sobre a microestrutura resultante. Compreender a evolução da textura cristalográfica é necessário para otimizar a fabricação de peças metálicas avançadas, permitindo inovações na produção de componentes personalizados e de alta eficiência por meio da fusão seletiva a laser.
Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos em cidades inteligentes: perspectivas da instalação de uma usina de biometano em Cariacica-ES
Authors: Sousa Júlio Renó de , Campos Adriana Fiorotti , Pagel Uonis Raasch , Zucolotto Anderson de Freitas , Carolino Jaqueline
Published: December 2024

O desafio crescente da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos em regiões metropolitanas destaca a necessidade de soluções energéticas inovadoras. Nesse cenário, a implantação de uma usina de biometano em Cariacica, resultado da parceria entre Marca Ambiental, Air Liquide e o Governo Estadual do Espírito Santo, surge como uma abordagem estratégica e sustentável, compatível com os princípios de cidades inteligentes. A usina busca integrar-se à matriz energética local em conformidade com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da Agenda 2030 da ONU, especialmente o ODS 7 (energia acessível e limpa), ODS 11 (cidades e comunidades sustentáveis) e ODS 12 (consumo e produção responsáveis). As parcerias viabilizam este projeto que visa criar empregos, fomentar o desenvolvimento econômico local e servir de modelo para outras cidades. Com uma metodologia dividida em três etapas principais: levantamento bibliográfico, estudo sobre a usina de biometano a ser instalada e apresentação de resultados, o artigo em tela tem como objetivo conhecer a proposta de implantação da usina de biometano em Cariacica, enfatizando seu papel na gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos e seu potencial na sustentabilidade energética regional. Espera-se que a usina contribua para a eficiência energética da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV), mas também avance as políticas públicas de sustentabilidade e engajamento comunitário, reforçando a posição do Espírito Santo como líder em práticas sustentáveis inovadoras.
A Case of Orbital Cellulitis with an Underlying Intraconal Tumour: An Unlikely Co-existence
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Mogra Shailesh , Chaudhary Vishal , Singh Deepti
Published: December 2024

Orbital cellulitis is an acute onset, rapidly progressive and potentially sight-threatening disease of the eye. It is more prevalent in developing regions and low socio-economic strata and may be associated with a host of other systemic diseases, such as paranasal sinus or dental infections, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections and sepsis. Often, orbital cellulitis is associated with an orbital or periosteal abscess, which can be diagnosed with orbital imaging and may sometimes require drainage to relieve the pressure. A 63-year-old male patient presented with orbital cellulitis of the right eye. The patient did not reveal any focus of infection upon investigation. Orbital imaging revealed a well-defined intraconal tumour with contrast enhancement, abutting but not involving the optic nerve, likely a cavernous haemangioma. The patient was admitted and managed with parenteral antibiotics, showing an excellent response to treatment. Given that the clinical signs did not support a benign tumour, repeat imaging was performed and again favoured a cavernous haemangioma. Presently, the patient is asymptomatic with slight proptosis and is under observation. This is an uncommon and interesting presentation of proptosis with a hyperacute cause superimposed on a more chronic lesion.
Parma wallabies: a history of translocations and reintroductions
Authors: Kalsia Samaa , Edwards Melanie , Wilson George
Published: December 2024

The Parma wallaby Notamacropus parma has an unusual status, being both classified as Near Threatened in Australia yet subject to pest control in areas where it has been introduced. Until 1966, the species was believed to be extinct. In that year, it was confirmed as one of the abundant wallabies on Kawau Island, Aotearoa New Zealand where they had been introduced a century before. N. parma is patchily distributed at low densities in moist forests along the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales. It is a Critical Weight Range macropod subject to predation from introduced carnivores. In fox-free New Zealand, the species has thrived both on Kawau Island and to a lesser extent near Rotorua, despite attempts to eradicate all introduced wallabies. Reintroductions to unoccupied environments in the wild in Australia have so far been unsuccessful, predators wiped out small populations within three months. By contrast N. parma have thrived in predator-free enclosures in moist environments at elevation at Yengo, Mt Wilson and Barrington Tops, NSW. Eradication of N. parma from New Zealand is underway. This review explores the status of N. parma populations, their natural history, the history of translocations, current zoo and wildlife sanctuary holdings in Australia and across the globe. It discusses the importance of safe havens and other management prescriptions.
A Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Nigerian Crotons
Authors: Isyaka Sani M. , Akintayo Atanda Hameed , Abdullahi Abdullahi M.
Published: December 2024

Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional plants to produce and synthesize contemporary medications. In the past, the production of plants as sources of pharmaceuticals or medicines for wound healing and treatment was based on superstition and experience that was passed down from one generation to the next. The majority of these plants belong to the families Euphorbiaceae, Leguminoceae, Rutaceae, and Piperaceae. The Euphorbiaceae family includes Croton plants. They are found in tropical and sub-tropical areas of both hemispheres and comprise of 1,300 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs. This work is a critical review of chemical constituents, ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry and pharmacology of various Nigerian Croton species. The term "ethnomedicinal potentials" refers to the therapeutic applications of plants that have positive pharmacological effects on both human and animal bodies. Prior to the development of modern medicine, certain Croton species were used to cure rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, cancer, and other illnesses. Active alkaloids are abundant in the Croton genus. In addition to triterpenoids, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, phytosterols, N-containing chemicals, cyclohexane derivatives, aliphatic molecules, ferulic acid ester derivatives and diterpenoids are said to be widely distributed throughout the African Crotons.
Policy Implementation for Graduate Entrepreneurship in Hometowns: A Case Study from Hebei
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: December 2024

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the publicity and implementation of national and local policies encouraging graduates to “start businesses in hometowns” and college students' awareness of these policies.
Methodology: The study took college graduates majoring in foreign languages in Hebei Province, China, as the survey subjects. The research methods such as questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data.
Results: The results showed that governments are vigorously promoting relevant policies, but college students have low awareness of these policies and have higher demands for policy implementation. Based on the survey findings, several suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to help college students “start businesses in their hometowns”, including strengthening policy publicity and interpretation, improving market research and analysis capabilities, encouraging innovation and differentiated competition, strengthening entrepreneurship training and guidance, and improving the policy support system.
Conclusion: Although the government has issued a series of policy measures to support returning to their hometowns to start businesses, there are still many challenges and shortcomings in the actual implementation process, such as a lack of policy publicity and interpretation, insufficient market research and analysis capabilities, a lack of entrepreneurship training and guidance, and a shortage of policy support system.
Significance: The study is the first one in China to focus on foreign language graduates' perspectives and awareness of policy implementation of entrepreneurship in their hometown.
Identifying Factors Predicting Response to Clomiphene Citrate in Male Hypogonadism and Infertility
Authors: Câmara Lucas Caseri
Published: December 2024

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Identifying Factors Predicting Response to Clomiphene Citrate in Male Hypogonadism and Infertility”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Potential of the Advanced Precision Irrigation Techniques for Enhanced Protected Cultivation Systems in the Developing Nations
Authors: Panotra Narinder , Chandana V. Mani , Parmar Bharti , P Ashoka, , Pandey Shivam Kumar , Singh A. P. , Rathi Shivam , Singh Bhim
Published: December 2024

Precision irrigation techniques have revolutionized protected cultivation systems worldwide by optimizing water use efficiency, reducing resource consumption, and enhancing crop yield and quality. Key technologies covered include drip irrigation, micro-sprinklers, subsurface irrigation, sensors for monitoring soil moisture and crop water status, automated irrigation scheduling software, and the integration of these tools with fertigation systems. Case studies from leading horticultural regions illustrate best practices and the benefits of precision irrigation, such as water savings of 40-70%, fertilizer reductions of 30-50%, and yield improvements of 20-40% compared to conventional irrigation. However, challenges remain in terms of high initial costs, maintenance requirements, and the need for grower training and technical support. In Asia and India, government initiatives and public-private partnerships are driving the expansion of protected cultivation with precision irrigation to boost productivity, conserve resources, ensure food security, and increase smallholder incomes. Future directions emphasize sensor-based automation, data-driven decision support systems, crop-specific precision irrigation strategies, and the integration of precision irrigation with other technologies like hydroponics, vertical farming, and renewable energy to further enhance the sustainability and profitability of protected cultivation.
Effects of Artificial Soil Fertility Gradient Strategy on the Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Growth Attributes of Chakravarthi Keerai (Chenopodium album)
Authors: Arulmani R. , Sellamuthu K.M. , Maragatham S. , Malathi P. , Rajeswari R. , Abishek J. , Barathkumar S.
Published: December 2024

The effect of artificial soil fertility gradient techniques on crop growth attributes, nutrient uptake, soil fertility and soil biological properties were studied in a field trial conducted in 2023 at Horticulture Research Station, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. It was done using an inductive methodology. The field was split into three equal strips, with three graded levels of fertilizers viz., N (Urea), P2O5 (Single Super phosphate) and K2O (Muriate of Potash) applied to strip I (N0P0K0), II (N1P1K1) and III (N2P2K2). The N1 level has been determined on the basis of the blanket recommendation to Chakravarthi keerai, while the P1 and the K1 levels have been determined based on the fixing capacity of the soil phosphorus (250 kg ha-1) and the potassium (100 kg ha-1). Gradient crop, Chakravarthi keerai variety Ooty 1 was cultivated and green yield of Chakravarthi keerai was observed at the time of harvesting. At the time of harvesting, plant samples were taken and examined for N, P & K content and the uptake of N, P & K was calculated. The results showed that graded levels of fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O had a significant impact on soil fertility status and NPK uptake, as well as plant growth parameter. The article clearly shows a significant influence of the organic carbon, chlorophyll content, soil enzymes activity, microbial population, and Microbial biomass carbon.
Selection of the Best Performing Media for the Growth and Development of Cordyceps militaris Mycelia
Authors: Vardhan Shubhranshu , Parihar Aruna , Kushwaha KPS , Arora Sandeep
Published: December 2024

Since ages, the genus Cordyceps has been used as a medicinal fungus for augmenting endurance, longevity and vitality. This fungus commands a high commercial value due to scarcity in its availability and high global market demand. In the present investigations different defined media viz, agar, optimised nutrient broth, chitosan + malt extract agar, chitosan + agar + optimised nutrient broth, Kenknights and Munnaiers, malt extract agar, malt extract agar + optimised nutrient broth, oat meal agar, rice extract agar, rice extract agar + optimised nutrient broth and rose bengal agar have been used to identify the optimal media supporting the growth of Cordyceps militaris mycelia. After 14-days of culture, chitosan + agar + optimised nutrient broth, Kenknights and Munnaiers media, oat meal agar media and rice extract agar media recorded better mycelial growth, in comparison to agar, that was used as control. Maximal mycelial growth was recorded on Kenknights and Munnaiers media, with a   20% higher growth than the agar media. Even after 21 days of culture, Kenknights and Munnaiers media recorded best growth characteristics with a 25% higher mycelial growth. It was also recorded that the mycelial growth rate on Kenknights and Munnaiers media was highest on the 14th day, in comparison to 7th and 21st day after inoculation. Thus, our results provide valuable scientific information towards in-vitro culture of Cordyceps with optimal growth dynamics, for sustaining market demand of this important mushroom.
Predicting Bubble Point Pressure and Gas-Oil Ratio PVT Properties Using Bagging Ensemble Techniques
Authors: Isemin Isemin A. , Akinsete Oluwatosin O.
Published: December 2024

An enhanced accurate predictive model has been developed for the estimation of reservoir oil Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) properties of Bubble Point Pressure (BPP) and Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) using Bagging Ensemble machine learning. To develop the Bagging ensemble (BE) model, three different estimators, Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Extra Trees Regressor, were used as the base estimators. An averaging method to finally predict the model performance was done using a voting regressor to fit the base estimators. Hyper-parameter tunings for optimization were determined using cross-validation grid search and the implementation of Bagging ensemble described. The ensemble methods were compared with those developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and some selected empirical correlations.  Their performances were evaluated using Average Absolute Percentage Relative Error (AAPRE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and graphical cross-plot error analysis Correlation Coefficient (R2). Result showed improved performances, notably the R2 for BPP, the BE is 96.6%, ANN is 89.04%, and the best empirical model is 88.1%. For the GOR, the R2 for BE and ANN are 94.1% and 89.0%, respectively while best empirical model is 88.1%.
Extracellular Lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SB-37: Production by Solid State Fermentation, Immobilization, and Characterization
Authors: Haryati Titin , Haryono Norman Yoshi , Nugraheni Dian , Fatmawati Fenti , Dewi Alfina Kusuma , Syach Muhammad Zahran Edlian
Published: December 2024

Native lipase is still promising as an industrial biocatalyst. This study aimed to investigate the production of native local lipase using solid state fermentation (SSF) methods, immobilization the lipase by Ca-alginate entrapment, and characterization based on substrate preferences. To obtain high lipase production using SSF methods, we optimized the type of agro-wastes substrates, fermentation time, oil induction percentage and volume of preculture percentage. The optimal condition for lipase production via solid-state fermentation involved a 7% (v/v) preculture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SB-37, utilizing palm kernel meal as the substrate, supplemented with 6% (v/w) oil induction (soybean oil:tween 80 = 75:25) at 50 °C for 24 h. This gave a lypolitic activity value of 2 U/gds (gram dry weight substrates). Since the protein profile of extracellular lipase has a few protein bands, we perform direct immobilization on crude protein supernatant. Immobilization by Ca-alginate entrapment results in loading capacity and recovery activity values of 86.84% and 148%, respectively. The immobilized lipase retained 92% activity until four batch repetition and keep 40% activity at tenth batch. The highest hydrolytic activity of immobilized lipase was 0.9 U/g gel on the pNP_8 substrates. While the highest transesterification activity was observed with acetonitrile solvent and substrates of pNP_8 and isopropanol with the activity value at 0.6 U/g gel. This present study emphasized the feasibility of producing lipase as a biocatalysts using economical agro-industrial wastes and efficient immobilization using entrapment method. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Yaşa Uygun Kapsamlı Cinsellik Eğitimi Bağlamında Okul Öncesinden Ortaöğretime Öğretim Programlarının Analizi
Authors: Bıkmaz Fatma , Demirhan İşcan Canay , Koçer Ece , Kartal Metin
Published: December 2024

Okul temelli kapsamlı cinsellik eğitimi (KCE), okul öncesinden 12. sınıfa kadar örgün eğitimde her sınıf düzeyinde öğretim programlarının bir parçası olması önerilen önemli bir konudur. Ancak Türkiye gibi birçok ülkede belirli bir KCE programı bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, UNESCO tarafından hazırlanan ‘Cinsellik Eğitimi Üzerine Uluslararası Teknik Rehberi'ne (2018) göre KCE’de ihtiyaç duyulan eğitim alanlarını belirlemek için okul öncesinden 12. sınıfa kadar devlet okullarında sunulan MEB öğretim programlarını analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma, betimsel yöntem doğrultusunda planlanmış, veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi kapsamında toplam 58 MEB öğretim programı analiz edilmiştir. Analizler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan Analiz Ölçüt Listeleri aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, özellikle Cinsel Sağlık ve Üreme Sağlığı, Cinsellik ve Cinsel Davranış anahtar kavramları öğrenme hedeflerinin çoğunlukla MEB öğretim programları kazanımlarıyla ilişkili olmadığını ve diğer anahtar kavramlardaki öğrenme hedeflerinin yine MEB kazanımlarıyla ilişkisinin ise sınıf düzeyleri ilerledikçe azaldığını göstermiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, okul öncesinden 12. sınıfın sonuna kadar tüm programlarda, sınıf düzeyleri ve dersler açısından dengeli biçimde kapsamlı cinsellik eğitimi hedeflerine ve konularına yer verilmesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca öğretim programlarında özellikle diğer kavramlara göre geri planda kalan Toplumsal Cinsiyeti Anlamak, Cinsellik ve Cinsel Davranış ile Cinsel Sağlık ve Üreme Sağlığı kavramlarının güçlendirilmesi, bunun için özellikle Sınıf Rehberlik Programı’ndan da yararlanılması önerilmektedir.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort among female cabin crew in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Pin-Hsuan , Liu Xueqian , Dong Lili , Rau Pei-Luen Patrick
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort among female cabin crew through cabin tasks and demographic factors, including age and seniority.

Methods

This study conducted an online questionnaire survey targeted at female cabin crew in Taiwan and ensured that the sample size was with a statistical power of 0.95. This study evaluated the work intensity by ranking six common cabin tasks and examined musculoskeletal discomfort with Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to learn the work intensity and discomfort conditions. In addition, the Chi-square test of independence and multivariate adjustment were applied to clarify the impact of age and occupation on musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and lower back.

Results

This study enrolled 88 female cabin crew members. Handling carry-on baggage was voted as the highest intensity cabin task (40%), which was also ranked as the strongest intensity on shoulders. Meanwhile, the upper trunk was more prevalent in musculoskeletal discomfort. Moreover, after multivariate adjustment with controlling the effect of age, this study found a marginal significant association (p = .09) between seniority and right shoulder discomfort for younger staff.

Conclusion

This study found that handling carry-on baggage was associated with musculoskeletal complaints in the shoulders. Therefore, this study suggested that shoulders, especially for the right side might be related to the occupational injury, which was prevalent along with seniority among the younger crew. Overall, this study provided the preliminary findings to improve occupational training for preventive health.
Molecular mechanisms of the influenza fusion peptide: insights from experimental and simulation studies
Authors: Lousa Diana , Soares Cláudio M.
Published: October 2021

A key step in infections by enveloped viruses, such as influenza, is the fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane, which allows the virus to insert its genetic material into the host cell and replicate. The influenza virus fusion process is promoted by hemagglutinin (HA), a glycoprotein that contains three identical monomers composed of two polypeptide chains (HA1 and HA2). Early studies on this protein revealed that HA‐mediated fusion involves the insertion of the HA2 N‐terminal segment into the host membrane and that this segment, known as the fusion peptide, is a key player in the fusion process. This mini‐review highlights the main findings that have been obtained by experimental and computational studies on the HA fusion peptide, which give us a glimpse of its mode of action.
Persians in Egypt
Authors: Colburn Henry P.
Published: October 2021

Between 526 and 404bce, and again from 340 to 332bce, Egypt was part of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Persian king took on the role of the pharaoh, and in doing so ruled Egypt through existing institutions, especially temples. As a result there was significant continuity with earlier periods, and many Egyptians played important roles in government. In reality much of the king's authority was exercised on his behalf by the satrap, who oversaw Egypt's bureaucracy and communicated with various imperial officials in Aramaic, the lingua franca of the Achaemenid Empire. There were significant developments in the Western Desert, especially the introduction ofqanatirrigation. Also, a canal was constructed under Darius I, connecting the Nile to the Red Sea. Egypt paid tribute to the Persians in silver, leading to the importation of silver coins from the Greek world. This in turn led to the integration of Athenian tetradrachms into the Egyptian weight system and the minting of local imitations of them. Egypt was under Persian rule for a third time between 619 and 629ce, when it was part of the Sasanian Empire.
Eastern Gaṅgas
Authors: Sahu Bhairabi Prasad
Published: October 2021

The Eastern Gaṅgas of Kalinga were a remarkable ruling lineage who left their mark on the premodern history of Odisha (Orissa) in several ways. From humble beginnings in mid‐first millennium
ce
they went on to establish a transregional state on the eastern littoral at the turn of the millennium, and continued to be in power up to 1434
ce
. The last four hundred years of their almost thousand‐year presence is usually seen as the “imperial phase” of their history. Structurally the state did not remain the same through its history; historians have determined different stages in its evolution. Courtly culture and the structure of legitimation too underwent parallel changes. The cult of Jagannātha and the associated invented traditions best exemplify these changes. The later part of their history was witness to the convergence of several processes of social and cultural change – the emergence of an agrarian region, the shaping of a nascent regional caste society, the maturing of a spatially identifiable temple style, and the evolution of a regional language and script – which together helped in the making of the region today known as Odisha.
Oḍis
Authors: Skinner Michael C.
Published: October 2021

The Oḍis were a dynasty that ruled the Swat River Valley, also called Uḍḍiyāna, in the first century
ce
. These rulers were one of the many localized polities that emerged in the Gandhara region prior to the rise of the Kushana Empire in the second half of the first century
ce
. The emergence of the Oḍis and concentration of Buddhist archaeological sites in Swat demonstrate the political, religious, and economic significance of this region.
Ban Gu
Authors: Yang Lei
Published: October 2021

If Sima Qian (?145–?86
bce
) functions as the Herodotus of Chinese history, then Ban Gu (32–92
ce
) is Thucydides. Devoted to only a single dynasty, Ban Gu's
Hanshu
(History of the Han Dynasty) is the most influential of all dynastic histories. The Han dynasty (202
bce
–220
ce
) consisted of two periods: the Western Han (202
bce
–8
ce
) and the Eastern Han (25–220
ce
), also known as the Former Han and the Latter Han, respectively. Starting with the dawn of the Western Han and concluding after its collapse,
Hanshu
recounts historical events between 206
bce
and 23
ce
. This seminal text is therefore also known as the
Qianhanshu
(History of the Former Han Dynasty). Completed around 80
ce
, this book uses more than 800,000 Chinese characters across a hundred chapters to cover 230 years. While inheriting many features from Sima Qian's universal history
Shiji
(Records of the Historian),
Hanshu
differs in significant ways, serving as an alternative model for later official dynastic histories all the way up until the early twentieth century.
Liye
Authors: Korolkov Maxim
Published: October 2021

The archive of the Qin County of Qianling, better known as the Liye documents, was discovered in 2002–5 during an archaeological excavation in Liye, a small town in present‐day Hunan province in China. Dated between 222 and 209bce, the Liye documents are the only collection of Qin administrative records published up to the present date and the largest known find of the Qin manuscripts. Over 37,000 wooden tablets were excavated, of which more than 17,000 bear inscriptions. The content of the Liye archive reflects the work of the local government and its communications within the broader administrative network of the empire. It also sheds light on the organization of the Qin imperial administration at the newly conquered lands to the south of the Yangzi River during a crucial period of political, economic, and social transition.
Pain complaints shouldn't be ignored in buprenorphine/methadone patients
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2021

Despite the common neural pathways involved in opioids' rewarding and analgesic properties, health care delivery systems typically have not looked at opioid addiction treatment and pain management in an integrated manner. A Yale University School of Medicine researcher sees fragmented care as a significant barrier to addressing pain in patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD) history, and a new research review he co‐authored offers several suggestions for improving acute pain treatment for patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine.
NSDUH 2020 released, new numbers reflected in new methodology
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

There were almost 40 million people with substance use disorder in the United States in 2020, according to the most recent National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), released by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Oct. 26. At first blush, this might seem like a huge increase from the previous NSDUH, but in fact, the methodology changed. The previous surveys may have undercounted people with the condition by far. In addition, COVID‐19 undoubtedly played a role in increased reliance on alcohol and other substances as people tried to cope with the pandemic. Nobody should be surprised by the change in methodology, but memories can be short. As announced two years ago (see “SAMHSA plans changes to NSDUH: DSM‐5 updates,” ADAW, Aug. 19, 2019; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32461), SAMHSA updated the methodology to transfer from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnostic criteria and added questions about craving. These changes were more sensitive to substance use disorders and do not mean that incidence of the problem “doubled” from 20 to 40 million or anything remotely like that. In fact, SAMHSA specifically states that the 2020 NSDUH should not be compared to previous years. Next week: full coverage of the survey. For the full report, go to https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data‐we‐collect/nsduh‐national‐survey‐drug‐use‐and‐health.
Solid Electrolyte with Oxidation Tolerance Provides a High‐Capacity Li2S‐Based Positive Electrode for All‐Solid‐State Li/S Batteries
Authors: Hakari Takashi , Fujita Yushi , Deguchi Minako , Kawasaki Yusuke , Otoyama Misae , Yoneda Yohei , Sakuda Atsushi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hayashi Akitoshi
Published: October 2021

The electrochemical window of solid electrolytes (SEs) plays a crucial role in designing active material–SE interfaces in high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, the suitable electrochemical window for individual active materials is not yet investigated, as the electrochemical window of SEs is overestimated. In this study, the oxidation onset voltages (OOVs) of several SEs, namely those compatible with Li2S as a high‐capacity positive electrode material are determined. Results reveal that SEs with low OOVs decrease the capacity and increase the interfacial resistance of the corresponding ASSBs. The OOVs of SEs must exceed that of Li2S by more than 0.2 V to achieve high capacity, which in turn depends on SE ionic conductivity. Therefore, an Li2S positive electrode is combined with pseudobinary Li‐oxyacid salts as SEs, exhibiting high OOVs and ionic conductivities, to afford a high‐capacity (500 Wh kg−1) ASSB with high Li2S content.
Flexible, Ultra‐Light, and 3D Designed White‐Light‐Emitting Nanofiber Aerogel
Authors: Qin Zhen , Zhao Shikun , Fang Xiaohui , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping , Pan Kai
Published: October 2021

White light could be achieved by controlling the energy transfer (ET) of different fluorescent molecules in the donor–acceptor system. However, it is still a huge challenge to inhibit the excessive ET efficiency and achieve a wide range of white‐light‐emitting (WLE) spectrum. In this study, the authors develop a simple and efficient method to prepare a fluorescent nanofiber aerogel (NFA). The 3D nanofiber network is conducive to the uniform dispersion of fluorescent molecules and can effectively inhibit the excessive ET between donor and acceptor. By simply adjusting the mass ratios of blue and orange fluorescent nanofibers in the NFA to 3:2, a uniform white light (0.322,0.305) that covered the entire visible region is obtained. This WLE‐NFA has an ultra‐light volume density of 6.47 mg cm–3 and its quantum yield is up to 27%. In addition, the fluorescent NFA can also be processed into different 3D shapes and integrated luminous patterns through various designs of the freezing mold. This brand‐new fluorescent NFA can overcome the poor plasticity of traditional fluorescent nanofiber films, which is expected to provide a new thought for developing next‐generation flexible WLE materials.
Anti‐BCMA Immuno‐NanoPET Radiotracers for Improved Detection of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Thomas Eloise , Mathieu Clélia , Moreno‐Gaona Patricia , Mittelheisser Vincent , Lux François , Tillement Olivier , Pivot Xavier , Ghoroghchian Paiman Peter , Detappe Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Current clinical imaging modalities for the sensitive and specific detection of multiple myeloma (MM) rely on nonspecific imaging contrast agents based on gadolinium chelates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or for 18F‐FDG‐directed and combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans. These tracers are not, however, able to detect minute plasma cell populations in the tumor niche, leading to false negative results. Here, a novel PET‐based anti‐BCMA nanoplatform labeled with 64Cu is developed to improve the monitoring of these cells in both the spine and femur and to compare its sensitivity and specificity to more conventional immunoPET (64Cu labeled anti‐BCMA antibody) and passively targeted PET radiotracers (64CuCl2 and 18F‐FDG). This proof‐of‐concept preclinical study confirmed that by conjugating up to four times more radioisotopes per antibody with the immuno‐nanoPET platform, an improvement in the sensitivity and in the specificity of PET to detect tumor cells in an orthotopic model of MM is observed when compared to the traditional immunoPET approach. It is anticipated that when combined with tumor biopsy, this immuno‐nanoPET platform may improve the management of patients with MM.
A Tissue‐Like Soft All‐Hydrogel Battery
Authors: Ye Tingting , Wang Jiacheng , Jiao Yiding , Li Luhe , He Er , Wang Lie , Li Yiran , Yun Yanjing , Li Dan , Lu Jiang , Chen Hao , Li Qianming , Li Fangyan , Gao Rui , Peng Huisheng , Zhang Ye
Published: October 2021

To develop wearable and implantable bioelectronics accommodating the dynamic and uneven biological tissues and reducing undesired immune responses, it is critical to adopt batteries with matched mechanical properties with tissues as power sources. However, the batteries available cannot reach the softness of tissues due to the high Young's moduli of components (e.g., metals, carbon materials, conductive polymers, or composite materials). The fabrication of tissue‐like soft batteries thus remains a challenge. Here, the first ultrasoft batteries totally based on hydrogels are reported. The ultrasoft batteries exhibit Young's moduli of 80 kPa, perfectly matching skin and organs (e.g., heart). The high specific capacities of 82 mAh g−1 in all‐hydrogel lithium‐ion batteries and 370 mAh g−1 in all‐hydrogel zinc‐ion batteries at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 are achieved. Both high stability and biocompatibility of the all‐hydrogel batteries have been demonstrated upon the applications of wearable and implantable. This work illuminates a pathway for designing power sources for wearable and implantable electronics with matched mechanical properties.