bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative Survival Impact of Occult Lymph Node Involvement in Small HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer Treated by Up-Front Surgery
Authors: Houvenaeghel Gilles , Cohen Monique , Martino Marc , Reyal Fabien , Classe Jean-Marc , Chauvet Marie-Pierre , Colombo Pierre-Emmanuel , Heinemann Mellie , Jouve Eva , Gimbergues Pierre , Azuar Anne-Sophie , Coutant Charles , Gonçalves Anthony , de Nonneville Alexandre
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: The independent negative prognostic value of isolated tumor cells or micro-metastases in axillary lymph nodes has been established in triple-negative breast cancers (BC). However, the prognostic significance of pN0(i+) or pN1mi in HER2-positive BCs treated by primary surgery remains unexplored. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the impact of pN0(i+) or pN1mi in HER2-positive BC patients undergoing up-front surgery on their outcomes. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 23,650 patients treated in 13 French cancer centers from 1991 to 2013. pN status was categorized as pN0, pN0(i+), pN1mi, and pNmacro. The effect of pN0(i+) or pN1mi on outcomes was investigated both in the entire cohort of patients and in pT1a-b tumors. (3) Results: Of 1771 HER2-positive BC patients included, pN status distributed as follows: 1047 pN0 (59.1%), 60 pN0(i+) (3.4%), 118 pN1mi (6.7%), and 546 pN1 macro-metastases (30.8%). pN status was significantly associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary lymph node dissection, age, ER status, tumor grade, and size, lymphovascular invasion, adjuvant systemic therapy (ACt), and radiation therapy. With 61 months median follow-up (mean 63.2; CI 95% 61.5–64.9), only pN1 with macro-metastases was independently associated with a negative impact on overall, disease-free, recurrence-free, and metastasis-free survivals in multivariate analysis. In the pT1a-b subgroup including 474 patients, RFS was significantly decreased in multivariate analysis for pT1b BC without ACt (HR 2.365, 1.04–5.36, p = 0.039) and for pN0(i+)/pN1mi patients (HR 2.518, 1.03–6.14, p = 0.042). (4) Conclusions: Survival outcomes were not adversely affected by pN0(i+) and pN1mi in patients with HER2-positive BC. However, in the case of pT1a-b HER2-positive BC, a negative impact on RFS was observed specifically for patients with pN0(i+) and pN1mi diseases, particularly among those with pT1b tumors without ACt. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the pN0(i+) and pN1mi status in the decision-making process when discussing trastuzumab-based ACt for these patients.
Tumor-Promoting Role of GNA14 in Colon Cancer Development
Authors: Park Rahui , Lee Seungmin , Chin Hyunjung , Nguyen Anh Thai-Quynh , Lee Daekee
Published: September 2023

Recent studies have shown that mutations in members of the G-protein α family contribute to the onset and progression of cancer. However, the role of GNA14 in CRC remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of GNA14 on CRC through genetic approaches in vitro and in vivo. We found that GNA14 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells SW403 and HT29. Gna14 knockout mice developed normally without obvious abnormalities. However, the number of polyps in the small intestine was significantly reduced in Gna14 knockout mice compared to control mice after mating with ApcMin mice, a representative CRC mouse model. In particular, deletion of the Gna14 inhibited polyp growth, especially in the distal end of the small intestine. Histological examination showed that Gna14 knockout mice suppressed malignant tumor progression due to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in polyps compared to controls. In addition, GNA14 knockdown in CRC cells resulted in downregulation of ERK phosphorylation and β-catenin and β-catenin phosphorylation at S675. Similarly, ERK phosphorylation and phospho-β-catenin phosphorylation at S675 were decreased in polyps of Gna14 knockout mice. Collectively, these analyses show that GNA14 may accelerate CRC cell proliferation and malignant tumor progression through ERK and β-catenin pathways.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Small Molecules in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lang Tonio Johannes Lukas , Damm Frederik , Bullinger Lars , Frick Mareike
Published: September 2023

In recent years, great progress has been made in the therapy of AML by targeting cellular processes associated with specific molecular features of the disease. Various small molecules inhibiting FLT3, IDH1/IDH2, and BCL2 have already gained approval from the respective authorities and are essential parts of personalized therapeutic regimens in modern therapy of AML. Unfortunately, primary and secondary resistance to these inhibitors is a frequent problem. Here, we comprehensively review the current state of knowledge regarding molecular processes involved in primary and secondary resistance to these agents, covering both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms. In addition, we introduce concepts and strategies for how these resistance mechanisms might be overcome.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Hydrochar by Calcined Eggshells for Bioenergy Production: Improved Thermo-Kinetic Studies and Reduced Pollutant Emissions
Authors: Yang Shengshu , Chen Zeliang , Wang Jiaxiao , Li Dong , Luo Lei , Liu Zhengang
Published: September 2023

Bioenergy production from hydrochar via catalytic thermal conversion is of increasing importance to easing the energy shortage. The catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of hydrochar derived from sawdust (HSD) with calcined eggshell (CES) were investigated by the thermogravimetric–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) method. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined by two iso-conversional model-free methods, namely, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO). The results demonstrated that HSD exhibited a high fuel quality, with elevated carbon content (54.03%) and an increased high calorific value (21.65 MJ Kg−1). CES significantly enhanced the pyrolysis behavior of HSD by promoting the secondary cracking of organic vapors under the synergistic effect of CaO and mineral elements. Compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, the residual mass and average activation energy of HSD-CES decreased by 29.61% and 14.10%, respectively, and the gaseous products of H2 and CO from HSD-CES increased by 26.14% and 22.94%, respectively. Furthermore, the participation of CES effectively suppressed the emission of pollutants in the HSD pyrolysis process, with a 27.13% reduction in CH4, a 22.76% reduction in HCN, and a 20.28% reduction in NH3. This study provides valuable guidance on the potential use of hydrochar for renewable energy production.
Correction: Sigala et al. A Comprehensive Investigation of Steroidogenic Signaling in Classical and New Experimental Cell Models of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cells 2022, 11, 1439
Authors: Sigala Sandra , Bothou Christina , Penton David , Abate Andrea , Peitzsch Mirko , Cosentini Deborah , Tiberio Guido A. M. , Bornstein Stefan R. , Berruti Alfredo , Hantel Constanze
Published: September 2023

The authors made the following changes to their paper [...]
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Collagen and Elastin Fiber Synthesis by Modulating Caveolin-1 in Aging Skin
Authors: Oh Seyeon , Rhee Do-Young , Batsukh Sosorburam , Son Kuk Hui , Byun Kyunghee
Published: September 2023

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) induces cellular senescence by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and activating p53 via inhibition of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment increases collagen synthesis, rejuvenating skin. Using H2O2-induced senescent fibroblasts and the skin of 12-month-old mice, we tested the hypothesis that HIFU increases collagen production through Cav-1 modulation. HIFU was administered at 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 J in the LINEAR and DOT modes. In both models, HIFU administration decreased Cav-1 levels, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased the binding of Cav-1 with both MDM2 and Sirt1. HIFU administration decreased p53 activation (acetylated p53) and p21 levels and increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels in both models. HIFU treatment increased collagen and elastin expression, collagen fiber accumulation, and elastin fiber density in aging skin, with 0.5 J in LINEAR mode resulting in the most prominent effects. HIFU treatment increased collagen synthesis to levels similar to those in Cav-1-silenced senescent fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HIFU administration increases dermal collagen and elastin fibers in aging skin via Cav-1 modulation and reduced p53 activity.
Free Bilirubin Induces Neuro-Inflammation in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cortical Organoid Model of Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Authors: Pranty Abida Islam , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James
Published: September 2023

Bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND), which might progress to kernicterus, occurs as a consequence of defects in the bilirubin conjugation machinery, thus enabling albumin-unbound free bilirubin (BF) to cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate within. A defect in the UGT1A1 enzyme-encoding gene, which is directly responsible for bilirubin conjugation, can cause Crigler–Najjar syndrome (CNS) and Gilbert’s syndrome. We used human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D brain organoids to model BIND in vitro and unveil the molecular basis of the detrimental effects of BF in the developing human brain. Healthy and patient-derived iPSCs were differentiated into day-20 brain organoids, and then stimulated with 200 nM BF. Analyses at 24 and 72 h post-treatment point to BF-induced neuro-inflammation in both cell lines. Transcriptome, associated KEGG, and Gene Ontology analyses unveiled the activation of distinct inflammatory pathways, such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling, and NFκB activation. Furthermore, the mRNA expression and secretome analysis confirmed an upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 upon BF stimulation. This novel study has provided insights into how a human iPSC-derived 3D brain organoid model can serve as a prospective platform for studying the etiology of BIND kernicterus.
A Molecular Troika of Angiogenesis, Coagulopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathology of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Monica , Singh Baani , Sharma Kirti , Kumar Nitin , Mastana Sarabjit , Singh Puneetpal
Published: September 2023

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a painful disorder characterized by the cessation of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to its death and subsequent joint collapse. Influenced by several risk factors, including corticosteroid use, excessive alcohol intake, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and some inflammatory disorders, along with cancer, its clinical consequences are thrombus formation due to underlying inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which collaborates with coagulopathy and impaired angiogenesis. Nonetheless, angiogenesis resolves the obstructed free flow of the blood by providing alternative routes. Clinical manifestations of early stage of ANFH mimic cysts or lesions in subchondral bone, vasculitis and transient osteoporosis of the hip, rendering it difficult to diagnose, complex to understand and complicated to cure. To date, the treatment methods for ANFH are controversial as no foolproof curative strategy is available, and these depend upon different severity levels of the ANFH. From an in-depth understanding of the pathological determinants of ANFH, it is clear that impaired angiogenesis, coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction contribute significantly. The present review has set two aims, firstly to examine the role and relevance of this molecular triad (impaired angiogenesis, coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction) in ANFH pathology and secondly to propose some putative therapeutic strategies, delineating the fact that, for the better management of ANFH, a combined strategy to curtail this molecular triangle must be composed rather than focusing on individual contributions.
Evaluation of Dimercaptosuccinic Acid-Coated Iron Nanoparticles Immunotargeted to Amyloid Beta as MRI Contrast Agents for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ulanova Marina , Gloag Lucy , Bongers Andre , Kim Chul-Kyu , Duong Hong Thien Kim , Kim Ha Na , Gooding John Justin , Tilley Richard D. , Biazik Joanna , Wen Wei , Sachdev Perminder S. , Braidy Nady
Published: September 2023

Nanoparticle-based magnetic contrast agents have opened the potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be used for early non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accumulation of amyloid pathology in the brain has shown association with cognitive decline and tauopathy; hence, it is an effective biomarker for the early detection of AD. The aim of this study was to develop a biocompatible magnetic nanoparticle targeted to amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques to increase the sensitivity of T2-weighted MRI for imaging of amyloid pathology in AD. We presented novel iron core-iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with a dimercaptosuccinic acid coating and functionalized with an anti-Aβ antibody. Nanoparticle biocompatibility and cellular internalization were evaluated in vitro in U-251 glioblastoma cells using cellular assays, proteomics, and transmission electron microscopy. Iron nanoparticles demonstrated no significant in vitro cytotoxicity, and electron microscopy results showed their movement through the endocytic cycle within the cell over a 24 h period. In addition, immunostaining and bio-layer interferometry confirmed the targeted nanoparticle’s binding affinity to amyloid species. The iron nanoparticles demonstrated favourable MRI contrast enhancement; however, the addition of the antibody resulted in a reduction in the relaxivity of the particles. The present work shows promising preliminary results in the development of a targeted non-invasive method of early AD diagnosis using contrast-enhanced MRI.
Complement C3 Reduces Apoptosis via Interaction with the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Fang Zhou , Lee Haekyung , Liu Junying , Wong Karen A. , Brown Lewis M. , Li Xiang , Xiaoli Alus M. , Yang Fajun , Zhang Ming
Published: September 2023

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) elicits an acute inflammatory response involving complement factors. Recently, we reported that myocardial necrosis was decreased in complement C3−/− mice after heart I/R. The current study used the same heart model to test the effect of C3 on myocardial apoptosis and investigated if C3 regulation of apoptosis occurred in human cardiomyocytes. Comparative proteomics analyses found that cytochrome c was present in the myocardial C3 complex of WT mice following I/R. Incubation of exogenous human C3 reduced apoptosis in a cell culture system of human cardiomyocytes that did not inherently express C3. In addition, human C3 inhibited the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in a cell-free apoptosis system. Finally, human pro-C3 was found to bind with an apoptotic factor, pro-caspase 3, in a cell-free system. Thus, we present firsthand evidence showing that C3 readily reduces myocardial apoptosis via interaction with the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
T Lymphocytes and Their Potential Role in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Amin Jay , Gee Claire , Stowell Kiran , Coulthard Daisy , Boche Delphine
Published: September 2023

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia. People with DLB have an inferior prognosis compared to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the diseases overlap in their neuropathology and clinical syndrome. It is imperative that we enhance our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of DLB. The impact of peripheral inflammation on the brain in dementia has been increasingly explored in recent years, with T lymphocyte recruitment into brain parenchyma identified in AD and Parkinson’s disease. There is now a growing range of literature emerging on the potential role of innate and adaptive immune cells in DLB, including T lymphocytes. In this review, we examine the profile of T lymphocytes in DLB, focusing on studies of post-mortem brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood compartment. We present an integrated viewpoint on the results of these studies by proposing how changes to the T lymphocyte profile in the brain and periphery may relate to each other. Improving our understanding of T lymphocytes in DLB has the potential to guide the development of disease-modifying treatments.
Active Broadband Absorber Based on Phase-Change Materials Optimized via Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Ma Jing , Tian Yonghong , Cheng Jingyi , Cheng Shubo , Tang Bin , Chen Jing , Yi Yougen , Wu Pinghui , Yi Zao , Sun Tangyou
Published: September 2023

This article proposes a temperature-controlled absorber based on VO2, which consists of five layers: a disk-shaped VO2 layer array, a dielectric layer, a circular hole VO2 array, a SiO2 layer, and a gold substrate from top to bottom. We optimized the thickness of the other four layers of the absorber, except for the gold layer, using PSO. After ten iterations, we determined that the optimal parameters for the top-to-bottom four-layer thicknesses were 0.183 μm, 0.452 μm, 0.557 μm and 1.994 μm. At this point, our absorber reached the optimal absorption parameters, and we plotted the absorption spectrum under these conditions. We found that the absorption rate at 29.1–47.2 THz was higher than 90%, and the absorption bandwidth was as high as 18.1 THZ. This frequency band covers most of the atmospheric window area (23–37.5 THz), so it will have good practicality. At 30.8 THz and 43.12 THz, there were perfect absorption peaks with absorption rates of 99.99% and 99.99%, respectively. We explained the cause of absorption from the perspective of electric field, and then we studied the change in the absorption curve of the absorber when the temperature of VO2 changed, and we can directly observe the changes in the electric field to explain this. Finally, we can tune the bandwidth and absorption rate of the absorber by changing the structure of the VO2 pattern. After comparing with other absorbers developed in recent years, our absorber still has good competitiveness, and we believe that our solution is expected to have outstanding performance in fields such as photothermal conversion and thermal stealth in the future.
Preparation and Characterization of Ag2O Thin Films on Construction Textiles for Optoelectronics Applications: Effect of Aging on Its Optical and Structural Properties
Authors: Krylova Valentina , Dobilaitė Vaida , Jucienė Milda
Published: September 2023

The aim of the research was to modify the surface of construction textiles by means of the use of thin silver oxide films, investigate the structure and optical and mechanical properties, and determine the structure, optical and mechanical properties of the aged composites. Thin films of silver oxide (Ag2O) were synthesized on a flexible PET/PVC construction textile (CT); the structural, optical, and physical properties, as well as the effect of artificial aging on these properties, were investigated. The SILAR method (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) was used to synthesize thin Ag2O films on the CT surface. Before the thin films were deposited, the CT surface was mechanically roughened and pretreated with acidic and alkaline solutions at an elevated temperature. XRD analysis showed that the deposited films were a polycrystalline mixed phase material consisting of Ag2O, AgO, and metallic Ag. Diffuse reflectance spectra in the ultraviolet and visible ranges (UV-Vis) were used to study the optical properties of the deposited thin films. The synthesized Ag2O/CT composites were direct-gap semiconductors (the optical band gap (Eg) was 0.89 ± 0.02 eV). Eg and refractive indices (n) increased as the aging tests were carried out. Higher Eg and n meant that the composites were a good material for optoelectronic applications. The results showed that, after modification, the structural properties and tear strength of the PET/PVC fabric remained the same while the tensile strength decreased. The same tendencies remained after artificial aging.
Effect of WC Content on the Wear and Corrosion Properties of Oscillating Laser-Cladding-Produced Nickel-Based Coating
Authors: Li Xuening , Zhang Songyan , Liu Wei , Pang Xiaotong , Tong Yonggang , Zhang Mingjun , Zhang Jian , Wang Kaiming
Published: September 2023

Pneumatic conveying pipe is an important part of the coal industry. Its working environment is harsh, and it is mainly affected by serious wear and corrosion, which affects its operating life. Studying a method of strengthening the pipe wall of pneumatic conveying pipe is of great significance. In this paper, nickel-based alloy coatings with different WC (tungsten carbide) contents were prepared using an oscillating laser-cladding process, and the micro-characterization characteristics, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the laser-cladded layer were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: The microstructure of the laser-cladded layer gradually grows from the plane crystals and cellular crystals at the bottom to the relatively coarse columnar crystals in the middle, and finally to a large number of equiaxed crystals in the upper part. Moreover, with an increase in WC content, more fine equiaxed crystals are formed, mainly due to the decrease in temperature gradient with the increase in distance from the fusion line. Also, with an increase in WC content, the hardness and wear resistance of the nickel-based alloy are improved. When 20% WC is added, the laser-cladded layer shows the best corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, and its polarization resistance is 16% lower than that when 10% WC is added. This study provides a technical reference for improving the operating life of pneumatic conveying pipelines.
Eco-Friendly Capsaicin-Containing Water-Based Antifouling Coatings for Marine Aquaculture
Authors: Beyazkilic Zeynep , Faccini Mirko , Escobar Ana Maria , Bautista Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

Natural antifoulants have received significant interest in the search for non- or less-toxic antifouling coating systems for marine structures. Capsaicin, a natural compound that can be found in chili peppers, is known as an environmentally friendly antifouling agent with an excellent performance and a low environmental impact. However, controlling its release from the coating matrix is still an issue to be solved. With the aim of developing an eco-friendly antifouling system with prolonged long-term activity, in this study, we incorporated capsaicin in combination with dichlofluanid into water-based acrylic coating formulations. The antifouling activity of the resulting coatings was studied by examining the survival behavior of a Gram-negative marine bacterium Aeromonas Salmonoid ATCC 33658, and the release rate of capsaicin from the paint matrix was also assessed. The combination of 0.75 wt.% capsaicin and 0.75 wt.% dichlofluanid into the same matrix showed an antibacterial performance of up to 99.9% cfu reduction with an antibacterial value R 2.5–3 times higher than those obtained with the single biocides at 1.5 wt.%. The association between the two organic biocides created a synergistic effect on the antifouling performance, further resulting in a prolonged activity.
The Corrosion of Mn Coatings Electrodeposited from a Sulphate Bath with Te(VI) Additive and Influence of Phosphate Post-Treatment on Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Žmuidzinavičienė Nerita , Griškonis Egidijus , Šulčius Algirdas
Published: September 2023

Manganese coatings are excellent for the cathodic protection of steel against corrosion. Although manganese is more electrochemically active than widely used protective coatings of zinc, the exceptional resistance of manganese coatings in neutral and basic media is determined by the film of insoluble corrosion products, which forms on the surface of manganese and greatly suppresses its further corrosion. It is known that the electrodeposition process of Mn coatings from sulphate electrolytes is positively affected by some additives of chalcogenide (S, Se and Te) compounds in the electrolyte. However, a more detailed study on the corrosion properties of Mn coatings electrodeposited from sulphate bath with Te(VI) additive is lacking. In this work, the measurements of free corrosion potential and potentiodynamic polarization in a neutral NaCl solution, as well as the corrosion resistance properties of obtained Mn coatings, were evaluated in a salt spray chamber. It was obtained that the best corrosion resistance was shown by Mn coatings, electrodeposited at the cathodic current density of 15 A⋅dm−2 and at higher temperatures (60 and 80 °C). Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of phosphated Mn coatings, obtained from a room temperature bath, increased about 5 times and reached up to 1000 h until corrosion of the steel substrate occurred.
Estimation of Obesity Levels through the Proposed Predictive Approach Based on Physical Activity and Nutritional Habits
Authors: Gozukara Bag Harika , Yagin Fatma , Gormez Yasin , González Pablo , Colak Cemil , Gülü Mehmet , Badicu Georgian , Ardigò Luca
Published: September 2023

Obesity is the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body that leads to health risks. The study aimed to classify obesity levels using a tree-based machine-learning approach considering physical activity and nutritional habits. Methods: The current study employed an observational design, collecting data from a public dataset via a web-based survey to assess eating habits and physical activity levels. The data included gender, age, height, weight, family history of being overweight, dietary patterns, physical activity frequency, and more. Data preprocessing involved addressing class imbalance using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique-Nominal Continuous (SMOTE-NC) and feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). Three classification algorithms (logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)) were used for obesity level prediction, and Bayesian optimization was employed for hyperparameter tuning. The performance of different models was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, area under the curve (AUC), and precision–recall curve. The LR model showed the best performance across most metrics, followed by RF and XGBoost. Feature selection improved the performance of LR and RF models, while XGBoost’s performance was mixed. The study contributes to the understanding of obesity classification using machine-learning techniques based on physical activity and nutritional habits. The LR model demonstrated the most robust performance, and feature selection was shown to enhance model efficiency. The findings underscore the importance of considering both physical activity and nutritional habits in addressing the obesity epidemic.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Is There a Link between the Pathogeneses of Their Underlying Complex Etiology? A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alenzi Fahidah , D’Cruz David P
Published: September 2023

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) typically manifests as a sudden, severe thunderclap headache due to narrowing of the cerebral arteries. Symptoms usually resolve within three months. An imbalance in cerebral vascular tone, an abnormal endothelial function, and a decreased autoregulation of cerebral blood flow are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of RCVS. However, the precise origin of this condition is not yet fully understood. Symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) include vasospasm of arterioles of the digits. The pathophysiology of RP includes interactions between the endothelium, smooth muscle, and autonomic and sensory neurons that innervate arteries to help maintain vasomotor homeostasis. RP may occur before the clinical manifestation of a rheumatic condition. RCVS is rare in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. We describe a 54-year-old female who had a history of Raynaud’s phenomenon affecting her fingers and toes since the age of 12 years. The patient was diagnosed with RCVS in 2012. She described RCVS precipitants, including the regular use of cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamine and tobacco smoking. In 2021, she presented with oral ulcers, intermittent swallowing difficulties, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Clinical examination revealed early sclerodactyly, and abnormal nail-fold capillaroscopy showed multiple giant capillaries, dilated capillary loops, and areas of capillary hemorrhage with capillary drop-out. The investigation revealed positive ANA, strongly positive SRP antibodies, and Ro60 antibodies. Our case report indicates that there may be a correlation between RCVS and Raynaud’s phenomenon, and a potential connection between RCVS and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Hence, physicians must be aware of the red flags and subtle differences in neurological abnormalities, such as headaches, in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases who have an inactive clinical status to improve patient care and outcomes.
A Machine Learning-Based Method for Detecting Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Suárez Miguel , Martínez Raquel , Torres Ana María , Ramón Antonio , Blasco Pilar , Mateo Jorge
Published: September 2023

Cholecystectomy and Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are prevalent conditions in gastroenterology, frequently co-occurring in clinical practice. Cholecystectomy has been shown to have metabolic consequences, sharing similar pathological mechanisms with MASLD. A database of MASLD patients who underwent cholecystectomy was analysed. This study aimed to develop a tool to identify the risk of liver fibrosis after cholecystectomy. For this purpose, the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm was used to construct an effective predictive model. The factors associated with a better predictive method were platelet level, followed by dyslipidaemia and type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Compared to other ML methods, our proposed method, XGB, achieved higher accuracy values. The XGB method had the highest balanced accuracy (93.16%). XGB outperformed KNN in accuracy (93.16% vs. 84.45%) and AUC (0.92 vs. 0.84). These results demonstrate that the proposed XGB method can be used as an automatic diagnostic aid for MASLD patients based on machine-learning techniques.
Evaluating the Necessity of Adaptive RT and the Role of Deformable Image Registration in Lung Cancer with Different Pathologic Classifications
Authors: Kim Woo Chul , Won Yong Kyun , Lee Sang Mi , Heo Nam Hun , Yeo Seung-Gu , Chang Ah Ram , Bae Sun Hyun , Kim Jae Sik , Yoo Ik Dong , Hong Sun-pyo , Min Chul Kee , Jo In Young , Kim Eun Seog
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aimed to analyze differential radiotherapy (RT) responses according to the pathological type of lung cancer to see the possibility of applying adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Methods: ART planning with resampled-computed tomography was conducted for a total of 30 patients (20 non-small-cell lung cancer patients and 10 small-cell lung cancer patients) using a deformable image registration technique to reveal gross tumor volume (GTV) changes according to the duration of RT. Results: The small-cell lung cancer group demonstrated an average GTV reduction of 20.95% after the first week of initial treatment (p = 0.001), whereas the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups showed an average volume reduction of 20.47% (p = 0.015) and 12.68% in the second week. The application of ART according to the timing of GTV reduction has been shown to affect changes in radiation dose irradiated to normal tissues. This suggests that ART applications may have to be different depending on pathological differences in lung cancer. Conclusion: Through these results, the present study proposes the possibility of personalized treatment options for individual patients by individualizing ART based on specific radiation responses by pathologic types of lung cancer.
Navigating Multiple Perspectives in Discussing Controversial Topics: Boundary Crossing in the Classroom
Authors: Wansink Bjorn Gert Jan , Timmer Jacob , Bronkhorst Larike Henriette
Published: September 2023

Multiperspectivity in the classroom is both applauded and problematized, yet its learning potential remains, to some extent, inexplicit. Drawing on boundary crossing theory, this study aims to explicate the learning potential of discussing controversial topics (e.g., discrimination, organ donation) in the classroom from multiple perspectives. Cross-case analyses of interviews and classroom observations of eleven experienced teachers lead to distinguishing academic and personal approaches to multiperspectivity. When a teacher’s approach was not aligned with their students’ approach to multiperspectivity the learning potential of multiperspectivity became limited. We postulate that both approaches have strengths and weaknesses and that navigating between an academic and a personal approach is most conducive to fostering learning through multiperspectivity.
Efficient Model-Driven Prototyping for Edge Analytics
Authors: Chaudhary Hafiz Ahmad Awais , Guevara Ivan , Singh Amandeep , Schieweck Alexander , John Jobish , Margaria Tiziana , Pesch Dirk
Published: September 2023

Software development cycles in the context of IoT! (IoT!) applications require the orchestration of different technological layers, and involve complex technical challenges. The engineering team needs to become experts in these technologies and time delays are inherent due to the cross-integration process because they face steep learning curves in several technologies, which leads to cost issues, and often to a resulting product that is prone to bugs. We propose a more straightforward approach to the construction of high-quality IoT applications by adopting model-driven technologies (DIME and Pyrus), that may be used jointly or in isolation. The presented use case connects various technologies: the application interacts through the EdgeX middleware platform with several sensors and data analytics pipelines. This web-based control application collects, processes and displays key information about the state of the edge data capture and computing that enables quick strategic decision-making. In the presented case study of a Stable Storage Facility (SSF), we use DIME to design the application for IoT connectivity and the edge aspects, MongoDB for storage and Pyrus to implement no-code data analytics in Python. We have integrated nine independent technologies in two distinct Low-code development environments with the production of seven processes and pipelines, and the definition of 25 SIBs in nine distinct DSLs. The presented case study is benchmarked with the platform to showcase the role of code generation and the reusability of components across applications. We demonstrate that the approach embraces a high level of reusability and facilitates domain engineers to create IoT applications in a low-code fashion.
DSW-YOLOv8n: A New Underwater Target Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8n
Authors: Liu Qiang , Huang Wei , Duan Xiaoqiu , Wei Jianghao , Hu Tao , Yu Jie , Huang Jiahuan
Published: September 2023

Underwater target detection is widely used in various applications such as underwater search and rescue, underwater environment monitoring, and marine resource surveying. However, the complex underwater environment, including factors such as light changes and background noise, poses a significant challenge to target detection. We propose an improved underwater target detection algorithm based on YOLOv8n to overcome these problems. Our algorithm focuses on three aspects. Firstly, we replace the original C2f module with Deformable Convnets v2 to enhance the adaptive ability of the target region in the convolution check feature map and extract the target region’s features more accurately. Secondly, we introduce SimAm, a non-parametric attention mechanism, which can deduce and assign three-dimensional attention weights without adding network parameters. Lastly, we optimize the loss function by replacing the CIoU loss function with the Wise-IoU loss function. We named our new algorithm DSW-YOLOv8n, which is an acronym of Deformable Convnets v2, SimAm, and Wise-IoU of the improved YOLOv8n(DSW-YOLOv8n). To conduct our experiments, we created our own dataset of underwater target detection for experimentation. Meanwhile, we also utilized the Pascal VOC dataset to evaluate our approach. The mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 of the original YOLOv8n algorithm on underwater target detection were 88.6% and 51.8%, respectively, and the DSW-YOLOv8n algorithm mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 can reach 91.8% and 55.9%. The original YOLOv8n algorithm was 62.2% and 45.9% mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 on the Pascal VOC dataset, respectively. The DSW-YOLOv8n algorithm mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 were 65.7% and 48.3%, respectively. The number of parameters of the model is reduced by about 6%. The above experimental results prove the effectiveness of our method.
Malicious Contract Detection for Blockchain Network Using Lightweight Deep Learning Implemented through Explainable AI
Authors: Kang Yeajun , Kim Wonwoong , Kim Hyunji , Lee Minwoo , Song Minho , Seo Hwajeong
Published: September 2023

A smart contract is a digital contract on a blockchain. Through smart contracts, transactions between parties are possible without a third party on the blockchain network. However, there are malicious contracts, such as greedy contracts, which can cause enormous damage to users and blockchain networks. Therefore, countermeasures against this problem are required. In this work, we propose a greedy contract detection system based on deep learning. The detection model is trained through the frequency of opcodes in the smart contract. Additionally, we implement Gredeeptector, a lightweight model for deployment on the IoT. We identify important instructions for detection through explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). After that, we train the Greedeeptector through only important instructions. Therefore, Greedeeptector is a computationally and memory-efficient detection model for the IoT. Through our approach, we achieve a high detection accuracy of 92.3%. In addition, the file size of the lightweight model is reduced by 41.5% compared to the base model and there is little loss of accuracy.
Decoding Electroencephalography Underlying Natural Grasp Tasks across Multiple Dimensions
Authors: Gu Hao , Wang Jian , Jiao Fengyuan , Han Yan , Xu Wang , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2023

Individuals suffering from motor dysfunction due to various diseases often face challenges in performing essential activities such as grasping objects using their upper limbs, eating, writing, and more. This limitation significantly impacts their ability to live independently. Brain–computer interfaces offer a promising solution, enabling them to interact with the external environment in a meaningful way. This exploration focused on decoding the electroencephalography of natural grasp tasks across three dimensions: movement-related cortical potentials, event-related desynchronization/synchronization, and brain functional connectivity, aiming to provide assistance for the development of intelligent assistive devices controlled by electroencephalography signals generated during natural movements. Furthermore, electrode selection was conducted using global coupling strength, and a random forest classification model was employed to decode three types of natural grasp tasks (palmar grasp, lateral grasp, and rest state). The results indicated that a noteworthy lateralization phenomenon in brain activity emerged, which is closely associated with the right or left of the executive hand. The reorganization of the frontal region is closely associated with external visual stimuli and the central and parietal regions play a crucial role in the process of motor execution. An overall average classification accuracy of 80.3% was achieved in a natural grasp task involving eight subjects.
Detection of Weak Fault Signals in Power Grids Based on Single-Trap Resonance and Dissipative Chaotic Systems
Authors: Sun Shuqin , Qi Xin , Yuan Zhenghai , Tang Xiaojun , Li Zaihua
Published: September 2023

Aiming to solve the problem that the performance of classical time–frequency domain signal detection methods is severely degraded in highly noisy environments, a single-trap approximate model of the stochastic resonance of bistable systems is studied in this paper. This method improves the defects of the classical bistable stochastic resonance model that cause it to be inapplicable during non-periodic signal detection. Combining this method with the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on an attenuation factor and cross-correlation detection technology, detection experiments determining the impulse voltage fluctuation signals, motor speed fluctuation signals and low-frequency oscillation signals of a power system are conducted. The results show that the single-trap resonance model has good phase matching performance and noise cancellation abilities. Furthermore, combining it with two kinds of dissipative chaotic systems, a comprehensive frequency and amplitude detection experiment was carried out for multiple harmonic aliasing signals. The results show that the single-trap resonance model can achieve error-free detection of each harmonic frequency and high-precision detection of each harmonic amplitude in highly noisy environments. The research results will provide new ideas for the detection of various types of weak fault signals in power systems.
Development of a High Sampling Rate Data Acquisition System Working in a High Pulse Count Rate Region for Radiation Diagnostics in Nuclear Fusion Plasma Research
Authors: Ogawa Kunihiro , Sangaroon Siriyaporn , Liao Long Yong , Takada Eiji , Isobe Mitsutaka
Published: September 2023

In this study, a high sampling rate data acquisition system with the ability to provide timestamp, pulse shape information, and waveform simultaneously under a sub megahertz pulse counting rate was developed for radiation diagnostics for magnetic confinement nuclear fusion plasma research. The testing of the data acquisition system under the high pulse counting rate condition using real signals was performed in an accelerator-based deuterium-deuterium fusion neutron source (Fast Neutron Source) at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. We found that the pulse counts acquired by the system linearly increased up to 6 × 105 cps, and the count loss at 106 cps was estimated to be ~10%. The data acquisition system was applied to deuterium-deuterium neutron profile diagnostics in the deuterium gas operation of a helical-type magnetic confinement plasma device, called the Large Helical Device, to observe the radial profile of neutron emissivity for the first time in a three-dimensional magnetic confinement fusion device. Time-resolved measurements of the deuterium-deuterium fusion emission profile were performed. The experimentally observed radial neutron emission profile was consistent with numerical predictions based on the orbit-following models using experimental data. The data acquisition system was shown to have the desired performance.
Economic Analysis of Li-Ion Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering Multitype Frequency Response Benefits in Power Systems
Authors: Xu Chenxuan , Qiu Weiqiang , Si Linjun , Zhang Tianhan , Li Jun , Chen Gang , Yu Hongfei , Lu Jiaqi , Lin Zhenzhi
Published: September 2023

With the promotion of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the construction of renewable-dominated electric power systems, renewable energy will become the main power source of power systems in China. Therefore, ensuring frequency stability and system security will emerge as pivotal challenges in the future development process. Created by combining a Li-ion battery and a supercapacitor, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which possesses robust power regulation capabilities and rapid response capabilities, holds promise for supporting the frequency stability of power systems. In this context, the assessment of the economic viability of HESSs providing multitype frequency response services becomes a critical factor in their deployment and promotion. In this paper, an economic analysis approach for a Li-ion battery–supercapacitor HESS towards a multitype frequency response is presented. First, a multitype frequency response-oriented operational mode for the HESS is designed, outlining the roles and functions of the Li-ion battery and the supercapacitor in delivering distinct services. Moreover, building upon the analysis of the power trajectory of Li-ion batteries, a lifetime model for the HESS is proposed based on the rain-flow counting method. Furthermore, considering the competitive landscape for the HESS in the frequency regulation ancillary service market, a full lifecycle economic assessment model is proposed. Finally, case studies on actual power system frequency data and PJM market data are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the simulation results confirm that the HESS exhibits robust performance and a competitive advantage in providing multitype frequency response services. Additionally, it demonstrates commendable economic benefits, establishing its potential as a valuable contributor to frequency response services.
Future National Energy Systems, Energy Security and Comprehensive National Defence
Authors: Liwång Hans
Published: September 2023

This study addresses energy security from the perspective of comprehensive national defence, especially the interaction between military and civilian aspects of defence. Civilian infrastructure is seldom configured or developed with defence in focus. Therefore, with the aim of facilitating a system-level discussion, this study takes two steps. The first step is to develop indicators for assessing energy security in a comprehensive national defence setting. The second step is to qualitatively assess the effect on energy security from three different energy development scenarios related to either the development of local solar, wind, and bio-power production and storage; an increased resilience of the high voltage electric power transmission system; or an increase in large hydropower and nuclear power production. The study identifies that there are positive systemic effects of increasing the diversity of the energy system, especially for solutions that do not need external supply and do not risk creating large-scale effects if attacked. However, these changes to the energy system also lead to local changes that affect warfighting and defence. Such changes can be met by updated tactics and technology that would also give the defending force an advantage.
Electrical Conduction in Thin-Film Polypropylene Capacitors
Authors: Michelazzi Marco , Fabiani Davide
Published: September 2023

Thin polypropylene films have played a strategic role in recent years because they are the dielectric of choice for high-energy-density and high-power-density DC-link capacitors, and have been extensively used in renewable energy and electric mobility applications. Currently, these capacitors operate at temperatures of up to 105 °C with electric fields of up to 200 V/µm, allowing high efficiency due to their low dissipation figures compared to other capacitor technologies. The rapid evolution of green energy applications demands higher energy and power density, with expected operating temperatures and electric fields of up to 115 °C and above 250 V/µm, respectively. Under such conditions, the insulation resistance of the capacitor becomes a key factor, as it may start to contribute to the dissipation of energy. A correct understanding of conduction phenomena within the dielectric is necessary for the design of new high-performance capacitors based on polypropylene film with reduced conduction losses. The scope of this review is to present and evaluate the theoretical and experimental works on thin biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films for capacitor applications with a focus on electrical conductivity at high electric field and temperature.