bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liturgy & Sacramentality: First Perspectives from Process Oriented Psychology
Authors: Leachman James G.
Published: December 2018

The polarized roles of leader and participant in the liturgical assembly can be mutually antagonistic, especially when each person is unaware of both roles active in themselves and in the assembly. By growing in “role awareness” participants can discover the leader role in themselves and so more fully engage their own actuosa participatio, and leaders can discover the participant role in themselves and so better inhabit and contextualise their role in the active participation of the whole assembly. Both participants and leaders can discover the rich diversity of roles at work within themselves, in the assembly and in the world. All can discover themselves as persons in communion. [108 words]
Congregational Song as Liturgical Ordo and Proper: The Case of English-Language Hymns and Hymnals
Authors: Tucker Karen B. Westerfield
Published: December 2018

Hymns are for us Dissenters what the liturgy is for the Anglican. They are the framework, the setting, the conventional, the traditional part of divine service as we use it. They are, to adopt the language of the liturgiologists, the Dissenting Use. That is why we understand and love them as no one else does. You have only to attend Anglican services to discover that the Anglican, though he can write a hymn, cannot use it. It does not fit the Prayer Book service. 1

1 Bernard Lord Manning, The Hymns of Wesley and Watts (London: Epworth Press 1942) 133-4. It is therefore surprising to find the statement that hymns are “particularly associated with [the] Anglican church” under the entry “Hymn” in Michael Kennedy, The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd edn, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press 1994
Plasma polymerization onto nonwoven polyethylene/polypropylene fibers for laccase immobilization as dye decolorization filter media
Authors: Lee So Hee , Yeo Sang Young , Cools Pieter , Morent Rino
Published: December 2018

This study reports the use of plasma-coated nonwoven polyethylene/polypropylene (PEPP) fibers for laccase immobilization as a dye decolorization filter. For this study, manufactured PEPP nonwovens were used for which the material filter efficiency was 96.2%. Following plasma polymerization, the carbon and oxygen contents on the surface decreased, while the nitrogen content increased. Moreover, under optimum laccase immobilization conditions, the pH and thermal stabilities of the enzyme-immobilized nonwoven PEPPs improved compared to that of the free enzyme. Furthermore, the activity of the immobilized laccase remained sufficient after 5 d, and 20% of the initial activity was observed after recycling the material eight times. Furthermore, surface observations confirmed that the roughness of the nonwoven PEPPs increased following immobilization. Finally, decolorization efficiencies of 43.0 and 39.8% were obtained using the allylamine- and cyclopropylamine-modified systems, respectively. Based on this study, it was confirmed that PEPP fibers could be used as filtration materials for the decomposition of dyes.
Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds
Authors: Eseverri Mayer Cecilia
Published: December 2018

This comparative study focuses on how civil society structures influence youth from a Muslim background in their upward mobility and local belonging (to the neighbourhood and to the city). Under comparison are one banlieue in Paris and one barrio in Madrid, similar in terms of social precarity and yet different in their degree of ethnic and religious diversity, their connection to the city centre, the state funding they receive and their civic participation. In the case of the neighbourhood of San Cristóbal (Madrid), a lack of state investment has resulted in a diminished capacity for civil society to connect young people to new opportunities. However, their daily contact with the city centre, the ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood and collaborative efforts between secular and religious structures work together to foster a sense of mixed belonging among young Spanish Muslims. In contrast, significant investment by the State in the suburb of Les Bosquets (Paris) since the riots in 2005 have indeed linked young people to new opportunities, but at the cost of an institutionalisation of civil society structures. In Les Bosquets, increased ethnic segregation, geographical isolation, and the estrangement of religious and ‘laic’ (i.e. secular) organisations are all responsible for the new sense of malaise felt by youths, thus severely affecting their sense of belonging.
Servant Leadership, Leader–Member Exchange and Proactive Behavior in the Public Health Sector
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed Sayed , El-Motalib Eman Aly Abed
Published: December 2018

Very limited attention has been given by scholars to the relationship between servant leadership and employee behaviors in the public sector and not much is known about the mechanisms through which this relationship may take place. This study examines the relationship between servant leadership and proactive behaviors in the Egyptian public health sector and investigates the role of leader–member exchange (LMX) as a mediator. Using a sample of Egyptian public hospital nurses, the results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that servant leadership was positively related to LMX which, in turn, had a significant positive association with proactive behavior. Thus, servant leaders encourage employees to engage in proactive behavior through enhancing the quality of their exchange relationship with their supervisors.
Socio-environmental Conflict, Political Settlements, and Mining Governance: A Cross-Border Comparison, El Salvador and Honduras
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Fash Benjamin , Rogan John
Published: December 2018

During the mid-2000s, Honduras and El Salvador implemented mining moratoria. By 2017 El Salvador had legislated a globally unprecedented ban on all forms of metal mining, while in Honduras mining was expanding aggressively. These neighboring countries present the explanatory challenge of understanding the distinct trajectories of mining policy and politics. These divergent pathways can be explained by the interactions between the political economy of subsoil resources, national political settlements, and the ways in which diverse actors have taken advantage (or not) of openings in these settlements.

A mediados de la década del 2000, Honduras y El Salvador implementaron moratorias mineras. Para el 2017, El Salvador había legislado una prohibición sin precedentes a nivel mundial de todas las formas de minería de metales, mientras que en Honduras la minería se estaba expandiendo agresivamente. Estos países vecinos presentan el desafío explicativo de comprender las distintas trayectorias de la política minera y la política. Estas vías divergentes pueden explicarse por las interacciones entre la economía política de los recursos del subsuelo, los acuerdos políticos nacionales y las formas en que diversos actores han aprovechado (o no) las aperturas en estos acuerdos.
Teaching Competencies for Student-Centered, One-to-One Learning Environments: A Delphi Study
Authors: Parrish Andrea H. , Sadera William A.
Published: December 2018

Learning environments with a one-to-one student-to-computer ratio have unique qualities when compared with traditional learning spaces. Past studies have focused on the impact of the technology, but we continue to fall short of understanding how to systematically utilize one-to-one technology to facilitate instructional improvement. This study moves beyond examining a single school or district and uses the collective expertise from leaders in the field and practitioners to design a tool that guides effective one-to-one technology integration. The Delphi method was used to develop an inventory of teaching competencies through a mix of both quantitative and qualitative analysis procedures. This research method uses a set of procedures to gain consensus among a group of experts. The design included sampling procedures that ensured highly selective identification of experts, a predetermined definition for consensus, and statistical testing of levels of agreement. A national panel of 37 experts was invited to participate in the three Delphi rounds. These rounds yielded an inventory of 30 teaching competencies for effective instruction in one-to-one learning environments. The inventory offers a framework that guides instructional practice in one-to-one learning environments and offers a professional development resource for schools, teachers, and teacher preparation programs.
Agential Realism in a Community-Based Organization in Mexico: An Ethico-Onto-Epistemology of Emancipatory Learning
Authors: Brooks Ann K.
Published: December 2018

This article shares the findings of a qualitative study of a community-based organization in Mexico and the emancipatory pedagogy practiced there in a time characterized by a changing global economic order, conflict and war, corruption and geographic displacement. To make sense of the transnational philosophical fusion and the pedagogical practices in the organization, I draw on Karen Barad’s ideas to propose an ethico-onto-epistemology of emancipatory learning to uncover power in spaces of self/knowledge that are outside the binaries of critical-theoretical practice. It suggests an understanding of emancipatory learning that is relational, embodied, ethical, and emergent.
Bereaved Parents More Satisfied With the Care Given to Their Child With Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy Than Nonbereaved
Authors: Hjorth Elin , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Sejersen Thomas , Jeppesen Jørgen , Werlauff Ulla , Rahbek Jes , Lövgren Malin
Published: December 2018

Background and aims:

Children with severe spinal muscular atrophy have complex care needs due to progressive muscle weakness, eventually leading to respiratory failure. To design a care system adapted to families’ needs, more knowledge about parents’ experience of care and its coordination between settings is required. This study explores (1) whether parents felt that health professionals took every opportunity to help the child feel as good as possible, (2) parents’ satisfaction with various care settings, and (3) parents’ satisfaction with coordination between settings.

Methods:

Data derive from nationwide Swedish and Danish surveys of bereaved and nonbereaved parents of children with severe spinal muscular atrophy born between 2000 and 2010 in Sweden and 2003 and 2013 in Denmark (N = 95, response rate = 84%). Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used.

Results:

Although most of the parents reported that care professionals had taken every opportunity to help the child feel as good as possible, one-third reported the opposite. Bereaved parents were significantly more satisfied with care than nonbereaved (81% vs 29%). The children received care at many different locations, for all of which parents rated high satisfaction. However, some were dissatisfied with care coordination, describing lack of knowledge and communication among staff, and how they as parents had to take the initiative in care management.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the importance of improving disease-specific competence, communication and knowledge exchange among staff. For optimal care for these children and families, parents should be included in dialogues on care and staff should be more proactive and take care management initiatives.
Public responses to scientific research: Does disciplinary attribution matter?
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Guthrie Sara K.
Published: December 2018

Research has shown that the form and content of science communications can influence individuals’ responses. This study examines whether individuals’ perceptions of scientific research are influenced by the discipline to which the research is attributed. Two vignette experiments find that neither the perceived scientific-ness nor trustworthiness of a study originating from sociology is affected by attributing the study to a different social science or to a natural or medical science. These null findings contrast with surveys showing sizable disciplinary differences in public attitudes. It is possible that disciplinary attribution is a less salient cognitive shortcut when presented in longer communications as compared to survey questions that only provide the name of a discipline. We conclude with suggestions for further research on the role of disciplinary attribution on public perceptions of science.
A Nietzschean Odyssey: On the Trans-valuation of Values
Authors: Rathore Aakash Singh
Published: December 2018

This article places Friedrich Nietzsche’s call to trans-valuate values into a wider historical (and disciplinary) panorama, hearkening back to ethical orientations within both the Archaic and the Attic Greek world with respect to the unity of the virtues. It is argued that the unity of cognitive and bodily (i.e., erotic, athletic) excellence, so central to the Greek world, and culminating in Aristotle’s ethics, functioned inchoately as the measure according to which Nietzsche evaluated values. Extrapolating from the phenomenon of rival perceptions regarding the paradigmatic sculpture of Rodin’s The Thinker—both from the time of its creation and in our own day—the article concludes by suggesting that moral philosophies alienated from the demand of the unity of physical and cognitive virtues might indeed be subject to the devastating critique that Nietzsche had advanced. The egalitarian nature of these values and this critique, however, remains an open question.
Ayesha Memorial Hospital (A)
Authors: Bashir Mohsin
Published: December 2018

The case is divided into two parts and an epilogue is provided to the students at the end of the discussion.

Case A discusses the protagonist Murtaza’s arrival in a hospital that is affected by a hidden power struggle between opposing parties. In an attempt to exercise his influence and improve the hospital’s operations, the protagonist introduces reforms and changes to the hospital’s processes. However, as a result of his increasing influence and knack for not respecting the status quo, he realizes that there are people in the management who feel threatened by his influence and plan to damage his status in the hospital. At the conclusion of Case A, he has been handed a letter that informs him of a disciplinary committee case against him on serious allegations of misuse of authority, torture and even sexual harassment. He is concerned that he has been set-up by his opponents, who have resources and credibility that might make it difficult for him to escape from this situation unscathed. Thus, in the given situation the protagonist weighs his possible options.

Case B concerns how the protagonist responds to his disciplinary committee case. Policy changes previously initiated by the protagonist and his alliance with the vice-president serve as important tools. They neutralize the resources that are used by the protagonist’s opponents in an investigation against him. In the end, the protagonist, therefore, successfully comes out of this situation unscathed.

The epilogue discusses how the protagonist’s initial alliance with the vice-president, in light of changing circumstances, begins to wither away, as a mutual opposition that they both once shared also begins to weaken.
More Than Words: The Use of Video in Ethnographic Research With People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Kaley Alexandra , Hatton Chris , Milligan Christine
Published: December 2018

There is a tendency to exclude people with intellectual disabilities from participating in research about their own lives. While the use of participatory research approaches is increasing, the methods used for engaging people with intellectual disabilities in research are generally limited to interviews and focus groups. Yet a focus on the spoken or written word can present a challenge for those who may prefer to use alternative forms of communication. The purpose of this article is to share the methodological insights gained from a visual ethnographic study that sought to explore the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities engaged in nature based (or “green care”) therapeutic interventions for health and well-being. If used within carefully negotiated relationships, we suggest that video can be an empowering visual medium for doing research that can help to elicit the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities firsthand, without having to rely on the views and perspectives of other people.
Competence and Compassion: Key Elements of Professional Care at the End of Life From Caregiver’s Perspective
Authors: Ortega-Galán Ángela María , Ruiz-Fernández María Dolores , Carmona-Rega María Inés , Cabrera-Troya José , Ortíz-Amo Rocío , Ibáñez-Masero Olivia
Published: December 2018

In the act of caring for and helping people in the end-of-life process, the professional who provides care and assistance must know how to maintain a relationship of closeness, empathy, and compassion for the pain and suffering of the person who is going to die. The objective was to understand, elaborate on, and characterize the key elements of end-of-life care of patients from a caregiver’s perspective through a qualitative phenomenological multicenter study. Participants were caregivers who had lost a family member at least 2 months but less than 2 years in the past. The techniques used were 5 discussion groups and 41 in-depth interviews, which included a total of 81 participants. To analyze the information, a protocol developed by Giorgi was followed. Two dimensions or units of meaning, with subdimensions, emerged: (1) Technical competence, with the subdimensions “Control of symptoms” and “Continuity of care,” and (2) Compassion, with the subdimensions “Effective/affective communication,” “Attitudes of kindness and closeness toward the patient and the family,” and “Generosity and personalized flexibility of care.” Assistance at the end of life requires the proper preparation of professionals who care for these patients, in addition to a compassionate attitude on the part of professionals and the people accompanying the dying person, that fosters a more humanized and dignified treatment in the dying process.
Can Watching a Television Documentary Change the Way Men View Masculinity?
Authors: King Kylie , Schlichthorst Marisa , Keogh Louise , Reifels Lennart , Spittal Matthew J. , Phelps Andrea , Pirkis Jane
Published: December 2018

Men’s conformity to masculine norms, such as stoicism and self-reliance, has been shown to be associated with a range of negative psychological outcomes. We developed Man Up—a three-part documentary that examined the link between masculinity, mental health, and suicide for men in Australia. We conducted a multifaceted evaluation that included a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a web survey. RCT participants and web survey respondents were asked how their views of the term “man up” had changed since watching the documentary. This article provides feedback from the 306 men who responded to this question. Participants commented on how the documentary prompted them to rethink stereotypes of masculinity. The findings suggest that the documentary had a positive impact on men.
Incidental Hepatic Tissue Obtained via Routine Cholecystectomy
Authors: Tunru-Dinh Vonny W. , Deshmukh-Rane Suvarna A. , Wu Mark Li-cheng
Published: December 2018

Background. The hepatic tissue that may occupy specimens from routine cholecystectomies has yet to be studied. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of hepatic tissue obtained at routine cholecystectomy, to determine whether such hepatic tissue can histologically withstand technical artifacts commonly associated with cholecystectomy, and to determine whether examining such hepatic tissue has diagnostic utility. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 50 specimens from routine cholecystectomies that were performed by surgeons who lacked knowledge of our study. All 50 specimens were grossed according to standard protocol, with only limited, nontargeted sampling of the rough nonperitonealized margin, and were received without fixative. Results. Twelve specimens (24.0%) contained hepatic tissue. The hepatic tissue measured up to 44.5-mm long and 1.8-mm wide and contained up to 11 complete portal tracts. Hepatic tissue in 3 specimens satisfied criteria for adequacy established for core biopsies based on number of portal tracts or size. Despite cautery and delayed fixation, all hepatic tissue had surprisingly well-preserved histology. Pathologic findings included nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, von Meyenburg complex, chronic cholestasis, and senescence. Conclusions. The hepatic tissue that accompanies specimens from routine cholecystectomies may be relatively common, can be large, is well preserved, and can harbor diagnostically useful information.
Executive Insights: Coordinating International Advertising—The Goodyear Case Revisited for Latin America
Authors: Hanni David A. , Ryans John K. , Vernon Ivan R.
Published: December 2018

In the mid-1970s, Goodyear's European advertising approach—designed to achieve an optimal balance between standardization and localization—was presented in a Journal of Marketing article. Since that approach was discussed, the interest in the standardize/localize issue has continued to receive extensive attention from both practitioners and academicians. This article reviews Goodyear's 1970s approach in light of today's global marketing environment and outlines how it differs from the firm's current patterned approach in Latin America. The steps followed in developing the current patterned approach are detailed, and the authors discuss the reasons for its success.
International Competitiveness: Empirical Findings from SME Service Firms
Authors: Coviello Nicole E. , Ghauri Pervez N. , Martin Kristina A-M.
Published: December 2018

This article extends Buckley, Pass, and Prescott (1988, 1990, 1992) by using case research to examine factors contributing to international competitiveness, in the context of SME software developers and engineering consultants. The results indicate that universal prescriptions of international competitiveness measures are inappropriate. Implications are drawn for research and practice.
Identifying Managerial Influences on Exporting: Past Research and Future Directions
Authors: Leonidou Leonidas C. , Katsikeas Constantine S. , Piercy Nigel F.
Published: December 2018

Research on exporting frequently stresses the role of managerial characteristics as influences on the export behavior of the firm. This article reviews the conceptual, methodological, and empirical insights gained from a systematic analysis of 46 studies conducted on this subject. Undoubtedly, this stream of research has enhanced understanding of the importance of managerial elements in affecting exporting activities. However, conceptually this research is still in its exploratory phase of development, lacking an integral theoretical framework. Certain methodological limitations are also identified, especially with respect to sampling designs, fieldwork procedures, and analytical methods. Empirically, hypothesized associations between managerial factors and export dimensions lead to diverse and sometimes conflicting findings, except for attributes of a general-subjective nature that demonstrate a consistently strong relationship with exporting—particularly in relation to the firm's propensity to export. The review reaches certain significant conclusions and suggests directions for future research in the field.
Executive Insights: Knowledge—The Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Riesenberger John R.
Published: December 2018

Today's fast-paced business environment is characterized by chaotic markets with constantly evolving global customers, competitors, and suppliers. Product life cycles are becoming ever shorter, demanding more rapid and complex product development processes that are uniquely tuned into ever-changing customer demands. Global customers demand consistency in service and quality at globally competitive prices.

Tomorrow's winners will be determined by those few firms that create the ability to develop constant and continuous innovation and transformation. This ability will be successfully manifested by those enterprises that understand, properly harness, and exploit global learning and the use of the organization's intellectual capital.
Evaluation of anti-infectives prescriptions in a pediatric hemato-oncological center: A retrospective study
Authors: Diop Boubacar BF , Cheikh Amine , Attjioui Houda , Ajaja Mohamed R , Mefetah Hafid , Bouatia Mustapha
Published: December 2018

Introduction

A few years after the discovery and development of anti-infectives, this therapeutic feat gave way to bacterial resistance because of the overconsumption of antibiotics, most often with unjustified prescriptions. The objective was to evaluate the compliance of the prescription of antibiotherapy in the pediatric onco-hematology unit of Rabat Children's Hospital and to determine the drug interactions.

Material and methods

This is a retrospective study of anti-infectives prescriptions in pediatric onco-hematology. All prescriptions containing an antibiotic or antimycotic were isolated at the end of each month for analysis according to the ANSM standard. The variables of compliance analyzed in the prescriptions were: form, indication, posology, duration of the treatment, drug interactions and number of antibiotics which were prescribed.

Results

The prescriptions containing at least one anti-infective were 195. All the prescriptions were in conformity with their indications; 111 (57%) of the cases were conform with respect to all criteria; 20 (12%) prescriptions were not conform in their form, 12 (6.6%) contained at least one over-dosed drug and 52 (26.7%) contained at least one under-dosed drug. A drug interaction was found in 15 (7.7%) of cases, of which 12 (6.2%) are precautions for use. A drug interaction is present in 1(6,7%) cases when a single antibiotic is prescribed against 3 (20%) cases when 4 antibiotics are prescribed. ( p = 0.007).

Conclusion

The number of non-compliances in our study was high. It would therefore be advisable to recommend the establishment of an information system to minimize the non-compliances and to ensure a training program for young doctors on international recommendations.
Exploring the Brain Lateralization in ADHD Based on Variability of Resting-State fMRI Signal
Authors: Zou Hongliang , Yang Jian
Published: December 2018

Objective: In this study, we investigate the brain lateralization in ADHD patients. Furthermore, we also explore the difference between male and female patients, and the difference among distinct ADHD subtypes, that is, ADHD–inattentive (ADHD-IA) and ADHD–combined (ADHD-C). Method: We employed the standard deviation to quantify the variability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal and measure the lateralization index (LI). Results: ADHD patients showed significantly increased rightward lateralization in the inferior frontal gyrus (opercular), precuneus, and paracentral lobule, and decreased rightward lateralization in the insula. Compared with male patients, female patients showed significantly rightward lateralization in the putamen and lobule VII of cerebellar hemisphere. ADHD-C patients exhibited increased rightward lateralization in the inferior frontal gyrus (opercular), and decreased rightward lateralization in the inferior temporal gyrus, as compared with ADHD-IA. The LI was also found to be related to inattentive and hyper/impulsive scores. Conclusion: These key findings may aid in understanding the pathology of ADHD.
Neighborhood social cohesion and viral suppression after HIV diagnosis
Authors: Wiewel Ellen W , Borrell Luisa N , Maroko Andrew R , Jones Heidi E , Torian Lucia V , Udeagu Chi-Chi
Published: December 2018

Social cohesion has varying effects on health. We investigated the association of perceived neighborhood social cohesion with HIV viral suppression using individual-level data from the New York City HIV registry and surveillance-based interviews ( n = 92). Suppression was achieved within 12 months of HIV diagnosis by 60 percent of persons perceiving low cohesion and 71 percent of those perceiving high ( p = 0.31). Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics and neighborhood poverty, per proportional hazards regression, cohesion was not associated with suppression (adjusted hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) for high versus low cohesion: 0.79 (0.49–1.28)). Cohesion may have heterogeneous effects on HIV medication adherence.
Preoperative myocardial troponin T elevation is associated with the fracture type in patients with proximal femoral fracture
Authors: Nordling P. , Strandberg M. , Strandberg N. N. G. , Kiviniemi T. O. , Mäkelä K. T. , Airaksinen K. E. J.
Published: December 2018

Background and Aims:

Cardiovascular complications are common in hip fracture patients but the role of fracture type and operative method in these is unclear. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of fracture- and operative characteristics on perioperative cardiovascular complications and prognosis in unselected hip fracture patients.

Material and Methods:

During a 7-month trial registration period, a population of 197 consecutive hip fracture patients (median age 84 years) diagnosed with femoral neck or pertrochanteric fracture was formed. The exclusion criteria were patient refusal, subtrochanteric fracture, or death preoperatively. Pre- and postoperative troponin T (TnT) elevation, perioperative N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, perioperative cardiovascular adverse events, and all-cause 30-day and 2- and 5-year mortalities were studied.

Results:

Femoral neck fracture was independently associated with preoperative myocardial injury witnessed by TnT elevation (HR 2.95, 95% confidence interval 1.21–7.19, p = 0.018). The fracture type, surgery delay, or operative method were not significantly associated with NT-proBNP levels, cardiovascular adverse event diagnoses, or prognosis. Cardiovascular adverse events were clinically diagnosed in 28 (14%) participants, and these had a higher mortality compared to participants without such diagnosis (at 30 days, 32% vs 5%; 2 years, 71% vs 31%; and 5 years, 86% vs 59%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

While the femoral neck fracture independently predicts preoperative cardiovascular morbidity, the operative method does not affect perioperative cardiovascular complications or the prognosis, and it may be selected by the treating clinician based on other criteria.
A novel absolute nodal coordinate formulation thin plate tire model with fractional derivative viscosity and surface integral-based contact algorithm
Authors: Lan Peng , Cui Yaqi , Yu Zuqing
Published: December 2018

A new absolute nodal coordinate formulation thin plate tire model, which includes the damping property of the rubber and an efficient tire–road contact algorithm is given. The fractional derivative viscosity constitutive model is proposed in this paper based on the complete form of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation thin plate element, which is created to describe the stress-free initially curved configuration of the tire. A new contact algorithm based on the integration of the contact pressure within the contact patch is developed. By solving the simultaneous equations of the tire geometry and road profile, the dimensionless coordinates for the boundary points of contact patch could be obtained directly. A self-adaptable Gauss integration strategy is introduced to perform the integration of the contact pressure within the varying region, so the integration could reach high precision by few integration points. The calculation of contact force is determined based on penalty method and smoothed Coulomb friction model. The application of fractional derivative viscosity on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation thin plate element is demonstrated by numerical results. A pressurized Golf tire model is given to show the feasibility of the proposed tire–ground contact algorithm.
Franco-German cooperation and the rescuing of the Eurozone
Authors: Degner Hanno , Leuffen Dirk
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes the effect of Franco-German cooperation on Economic and Monetary Union reforms, negotiated between 2010 and 2015. We identify three causal mechanisms theorizing how Franco-German cooperation affected the outcomes of EMU negotiations, namely through (a) the elimination of issues from the negotiation agenda; (b) the identification of compromise solutions or the provision of compensations; and (c) the power-based imposition of joint agreements on other member states. We use process tracing to analyze almost the full sample of contested issues included in the ‘EMU Positions’ dataset. Our findings underline that France and Germany indeed eliminated issues to which they were jointly opposed, but they also positively shaped the agenda by proposing compromises and offering compensation. No evidence supports the power-focused perspective of a Franco-German directoire.
Forecasting advertising and media effects on sales: Econometrics and alternatives
Authors: Dawes John , Kennedy Rachel , Green Kesten , Sharp Byron
Published: December 2018

The contribution of regression analysis (econometrics) to advertising and media decision-making is questioned and found wanting. Econometrics cannot be expected to estimate valid and reliable forecasting models unless it is based on extensive experimental data on important variables, across varied conditions. This article canvasses alternative, evidence-based methods that have been shown to be useful for forecasting problems. These methods are described with the hope that they are more widely used for marketing forecasting. The approaches include media and copy experiments, analyses of individual level single source data, and structured expert judgment.
A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process–weighted linear combination decision-making model for prioritization of ballast water treatment technologies by ship owners in Ghana
Authors: Animah Isaac
Published: December 2018

Giving the ratification of the ballast water management convention, a number of ballast water treatment technologies are emerging in the maritime industry; however, choosing the most appropriate technology has been a big challenge for ship owners because it is a very complex and critical task. The aim of this article is to propose a multi-attribute decision analysis model which integrates the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and the weighted linear combination method into a more comprehensive approach to select the most appropriate ballast water treatment technology for ship owners. The proposed model consists of 6 attributes (i.e. technological readiness, commercial readiness, operational readiness, seafarer’s skills readiness, biological efficacy readiness and cost of ballast water treatment technologies) and 17 ballast water treatment technologies among which ship owners can choose the best. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is used to obtain more realistic weights of the attributes, while the weighted linear combination is applied to prioritize the technologies. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, it is applied to select the best ballast water treatment technology for a ship owner in Ghana. The result shows that the ballast water treatment technology which uses membrane filter is selected as the best. Sensitivity analysis is then carried out to determine the effect of changing attributes’ weights on the final priority rankings of the ballast water treatment technologies. Finally, the model is validated by comparing the obtained results to those from the PROMETHEE model and both results are consistent.
Exploring Challenges and Solutions Facing STEM Careers in the 21st Century: A Human Resource Development Perspective
Authors: Waite Alina M. , McDonald Kimberly S.
Published: December 2018

The Problem

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions are recognized by educators and business leaders as being pillars to national economies that vie for wealth and prosperity. Nonetheless, human resource development (HRD) has largely been absent from the discussion on potential contributions it may provide to address recruitment, development, and retention issues that threaten a diverse, sustained supply of career ready STEM workers. Considering the changing nature of knowledge-intensive jobs and continuing growth in STEM occupations, HRD’s role to advance STEM careers in the 21st century is significant.

The Solution

The special issue moves beyond the rhetoric of the STEM teacher shortage and a skills gap to offer clarity around career readiness and retention in STEM and introduce HRD’s responses through research, practice, and policy making. The issue provides examples and information that illustrate a range of strategies involving education, industry, and community partnerships to consider how to advance STEM careers from a more holistic perspective.

The Stakeholders

Scholars, practitioners, teachers, administrators, industry leaders, and government officials who hold interest in promoting STEM careers.
Ballot Initiatives and Status Quo Bias
Authors: Dyck Joshua J. , Pearson-Merkowitz Shanna
Published: December 2018

Is there an opposition bias in ballot initiative campaigns? While some early research suggested that the “no” side was advantaged in ballot initiative campaigns, recent work has demonstrated that both opposition and support spending in ballot measure campaigns are effective. We offer a new way to conceptualize status quo orientation in ballot measure elections. Specifically, we argue that opposition arguments are more effective than support arguments because of the well-known framing negativity bias and not because the starting position for uninformed voters is to default to no. We present the results of two survey experiments to test the impact of support and opposition arguments in ballot initiative campaigns. We find consistent evidence that opposition arguments are effective in generating more “no” votes and that support arguments are ineffective in generating more “yes” votes.
Long-Term Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of a Reading Computer-Adaptive Test
Authors: Ochs Sarah , Keller-Margulis Milena A. , Santi Kristi L. , Jones John H.
Published: December 2018

Universal screening is the first mechanism by which students are identified as at risk of failure in the context of multitiered systems of supports. This study examined the validity and diagnostic accuracy of a reading computer-adaptive test as a screener to identify state achievement test performance for third through fifth graders ( N = 1,696). Single time points and slopes within year and longitudinally were examined. Validity results for single points were moderate (.60–.79, p < .002). Validity for slopes and the state test were weak or not significant. Diagnostic accuracy cut scores that maximized sensitivity and specificity yielded high accuracy for single points whereas sensitivity was inadequate for slopes. Practical implications and future directions are presented.
Nonwovens Containing Immobilized Superabsorbent Polymer Particles
Authors: Whitmore Darryl L.
Published: December 2018

In the early 1980's Johnson & Johnson developed a revolutionary process for the production of webs containing superabsorbent polymers (SAP) produced by in-situ polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic monomers directly on a synthetic nonwoven substrate [1, 2, 3, 4]. A fresh look at this forgotten technology will be presented from both a manufacturing and application perspective. In particular, In-situ, SAP-containing nonwovens offer many unique properties for application in the personal hygiene industry, such as, improved fluid acquisition, permeability, compressibility and pH control. These materials also provide a more homogenous SAP distribution, eliminate the need for SAP powder handling and have superior wet integrity as compared to conventional fluff pulp/SAP air laid structures. This technology also offers some unique opportunities for designing and manufacturing profiled absorbent articles with specific zones tailored to perform specific functions.
Applications of On-Line Monitoring of Dynamic Forces Experienced by Needles during Formation of Needled Fabrics
Authors: Seyam Abdelfattah M.
Published: December 2018

The significance of a recently developed system that measures dynamic forces experienced by individual needles during formation of needlepunched fabrics is demonstrated. The system design, coupled with a new signal analysis technique allows measurement of peak penetration and stripping forces as well as the penetration and stripping energies due to needle/fiberweb interaction. Systematic experimental investigations were conducted to determine the critical locations in the needle board where needles experience the highest forces, and correlate needle force parameters to fabric performance.

The research results, supported by statistical analysis, show there is a strong relationship between needle penetration energy and fabric properties. Additionally, the needling density significantly impacts the location of maximum penetration forces.
What is the role of episodic foresight in planning for future needs? Theory and two experiments
Authors: Cheke Lucy G , Clayton Nicola S
Published: December 2018

Considerable evidence suggests that episodic memory and foresight rely on the same underlying cognitive processes. Some theorists have suggested that the key role of episodic foresight is to allow an individual to disengage from current states to plan for future needs. However, the contribution of episodic cognition to this type of planning has not been investigated. We present two experiments exploring future-state planning in 3-6-year-old children and healthy young adults, finding that both groups were consistently biased towards current states. We further found that there were few relationships between episodic memory ability and future-state planning. Where there was a relationship, the degree of bias was positively related to episodic memory ability, such that those with better episodic were more biased by their current motivational state. These findings are consistent with previous research suggesting that episodic cognition is particularly vulnerable to bias from current feelings. We propose an account in which episodic cognition allows for cross-talk between current and future motivational states, and that while this can aid prospective decision-making in some scenarios, it may hinder it in others.
Probable Roles of Coagulation Cascade and Fibrinolysis System in the Development of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Hong Seung-No , Zhang Yu-Lian , Rhee Chae-Seo , Kim Dong-Young
Published: December 2018

Background

Dysregulation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis system may play an etiologic role in many diseases. Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and conjunctivitis are also associated with fibrin accumulation caused by a change in hemostasis. However, only a few studies have dealt with the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and the coagulation system.

Objective

We investigated the difference of coagulation and fibrinolysis cascade components between an AR mouse model and a control mice.

Methods

BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Multiple parameters of coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis system such as factors II, V, VII, X, and XIII; tissue-type plasminogen activator; urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1); and fibrin were compared between the AR model group and the control group.

Results

The symptom scores and eosinophil counts were higher in the AR group than in the control group ( P < .01). The mRNA expression level of u-PA ( P = .040) was significantly lower, and the expression levels of factor II ( P = .038) and factor X ( P = .036) were significantly higher, in the AR group. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that most of the fibrinolysis system and coagulation cascade components were localized to the epithelium, endothelium, and submucosal glands of the nasal mucosa. u-PA was downregulated in the AR group, whereas fibrin deposition was more prominent in the AR group than in the control group.

Conclusion

In AR, particular components of the coagulation cascade were increased and fibrinolysis system was decreased compared to normal control. This difference may be associated with the fibrin deposition in the mucosa of AR mouse model.
Reduction of multitasking distractions underlies the higher adenoma detection rate of water exchange compared to air insufflation – blinded analysis of withdrawal phase videos
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsi , Koo Malcolm , Tseng Chih-Wei , Yang Hsiu-Wen , Leung Felix W
Published: December 2018

Background

Experts have hypothesized that a reduction of multitasking distractions and improved bowel cleanliness can explain why insertion water exchange enhances adenoma detection rate.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to test the role of both distractions during withdrawal and bowel cleanliness in enhancing adenoma detection rate using coded video records of colonoscopy.

Methods

The withdrawal phase of videos of 299 consecutive colonoscopies from two randomized controlled trials comparing water exchange versus air insufflation at a regional hospital in Taiwan were coded. The primary outcome was distractions; activities that preclude full attention being paid to inspection of the mucosa for polyps. A single blinded reviewer collected the data.

Results

There were significant agreements in inter‐rater reliability indexes. Compared to air insufflation, water exchange had significantly fewer distractions; higher diagnostic yield (intervention time and number), adenoma detection rate, and Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score. Water exchange had a higher withdrawal technique score (predominantly adequacy of cleaning). The association between increased adenoma detection rate and water exchange was mediated by the number of distractions and withdrawal time, but not the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score.

Conclusion

The speculation by experts that a reduction of multitasking distractions underlies the significantly higher adenoma detection rate of water exchange is supported by the current study. Increased bowel cleanliness did not contribute to the increased adenoma detection rate by use of water exchange.