bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Animistlik kõnelemine puudega kahe läänemeresoome näite põhjal
Authors: Arukask Madis
Published: March 2017

Ülevaade. See artikkel käsitleb puudega suhtlemist vadja ja vepsa rahvakultuuris. Vaatluse all on kaks juhtu, kus metsas marju-seeni korjav inimene on toonud puule (kuusk; kask) toiduandi ning puud kõnetades palunud temalt head korjesaaki või tervist. Vadja informant on ka metsas mälestanud teadmata surnuid. Lisaks personaalse suhtluspartneri või vahendaja rollile võib puud vaadelda ka laiemas usundilises (kosmogoonilises) ja kombestikulises kontekstis. Need juhud pakuvad huvi kui animistliku maailmavaate kajastused läänemeresoome rahvastel. Ühtlasi kutsuvad nad üles arutlema laiemalt läänemeresoomeliku ontoloogia üle, milles šamanistlik kultuuritüüp hakkas hiljemalt rauaajal asenduma teadjakesksega.Abstract. Madis Arukask: Animistic communication with trees based on two Finnic examples. The article deals with communication with trees in the Votian and Vepsian folk cultures. Two cases are observed where people picking berries or mushrooms in the forest offered food to trees (a spruce and a birch), asking for berries-mushrooms and/or good health in return. The Votian informant also commemorated missing dead people at the same time. The tree can be seen as a communication partner or mediator. In addition, the communication can be analyzed in a broader cosmogonic or ritual context. These cases reflect the animistic worldview and the ontology of the traditional way of life of Finnic peoples, where a shamanistic type of culture was gradually replaced by a tedai/teadja (“the-one-who-knows”)-centred one, not later than the Iron Age.Keywords: animism; communication with trees; Finnic folk belief; the-one-who-knows; Vepsian; Votian
“Good administrative language” from the perspective of public administrators with L2 backgrounds
Authors: Kalliokoski Jyrki
Published: March 2017

Clarity, pertinence and comprehensibility are stated in the legislation as guiding principles of the language of Finnish public administration. This article presents professional administrators’ views about these ideals of administrative language. The issue of good linguistic practices in public administration is discussed from the perspective of professionals who have learnt Finnish as adults. The data come from interviews with professionals (Finnish as L2) and their superiors (Finnish as L1) working in public administration. The article addresses the interviewees’ conceptions of the relevance of clarity, pertinence and comprehensibility in their daily work and their language socialization into the workplace community, the audience design of administrative communication and their agency as users of Finnish administrative language. The analysis shows that the multilingual professionals are confident about their language skills and aware of the varieties of Finnish administrative language and the restrictions in their use. The native speaker superiors refer to the models offered by the more formal bureaucratic genres as an explanation for the linguistic “complexity” that they have occasionally perceived in texts produced by administrators with L2 backgrounds. Instead of adhering to the norms of (formal) standard language, the interviewed superiors promote efficiency as a quality of good administrative language.Kokkuvõte. Jyrki Kalliokoski: “Hea halduskeel” soome keele teise keelena (S2) taustaga ametnike vaatenurgast. Seadused sätestavad Soome avaliku halduse keelekasutuse põhialustena selguse, asjakohasuse ning mõiste tavuse. Artiklis võetakse vaatluse alla ametnike arvamused ja hinnangud halduskeele ideaalide kohta. Avaliku suhtluse hea keeletava küsimusi käsitletakse nende ametnike seisukohalt, kes on omandanud soome keele täiskasvanuna. Artikli keeleainestikuks on intervjuud a) soome keelt teise keelena ning b) neist kõrgemal positsioonil ja soome keelt emakeelena kõnelevate ametnikega. Artikkel käsitleb intervjueeritute arusaamu keele selguse, asjakohasuse ja mõistetavuse tähtsusest nende igapäevatöös ja keelelises sotsialiseerumises töökeskkonda, ametkondliku kommunikatsiooni kujundamisest vastuvõtja huvidega arvestades ning oma tegevusest soome halduskeele kasutajatena. Analüüsi tulemused näitavad, et mitmekeelsed ametnikud on kindlad oma keeleoskuses, teadlikud soome halduskeele eri kujudest ning piirangutest nende kasutuses. Soome keelt teise keelena kõnelevate ametnike tekstides aeg-ajalt esinevat keelelist “keerukust” selgitavad soome keelt emakeelena kõnelevad kõrgemas positsioonis olevad ametnikud bürokraatlikest žanridest tulenevate mude litega. Formaalse standardkeele normide järgimise asemel soosivad küsitletud soome keelt emakeelena kõnelevad ametnikud hea halduskeele omadusena tõhu sust.Märksõnad: halduskeel; keeleideoloogiad; teise keele kasutus; keeleline sotsialiseerumine; keelekorraldus
Responses to the internationalisation of higher education in language policies of Estonia and Latvia
Authors: Kibbermann Kerttu
Published: March 2017

This paper analyses language policies in higher education in Estonia and Latvia. Both countries are currently in search for a balance between national and international in the sphere of higher education. Higher education in Estonia and Latvia mainly functions in the official languages of the countries, Estonian and Latvian. Yet, the international nature of tertiary education has brought these languages into contact with others, mostly English and Russian. The paper seeks to find out how the relationship of internationalisation and language is construed in state-level policy documents comparatively in Estonia and Latvia. The results of the analysis show that the issues of language are more thoroughly covered in Estonian policy documents than Latvian policy documents. However, in both countries internationalisation is mostly driven by the need to attract foreign students in order to fill the domestic demographic gap. Thus, both Estonia and Latvia connect internationalisation mostly to foreign-medium instruction.Kokkuvõte. Kerttu Kibbermann: Kõrghariduse rahvusvahelistumine ja keelepoliitika Eestis ja Lätis. Artiklis analüüsitakse kõrghariduse keelepoliitikat Eestis ja Lätis. Mõlemad riigid püüavad hetkel leida kõrghariduses tasakaalu rahvusliku ja rahvusvahelise vahel. Kõrgharidus toimib Eestis ja Lätis peamiselt riigikeeles, vastavalt eesti ja läti keeles, aga kasutatakse ka teisi keeli, peamiselt inglise ja vene keelt. Artiklis analüüsitakse võrdlevalt Eesti ja Läti poliitika planeerimise dokumente eesmärgiga välja selgitada, kuidas lähenetakse keeleküsimusele kõrghariduse rahvusvahelistumise poliitikas. Dokumendianalüüs näitab, et kõrghariduse rahvusvahelistumise poliitikas on keeleküsimustele pööratud Eestis rohkem tähelepanu kui Lätis. Sarnasusena võib välja tuua mõlema riigi demograafilise probleemi, mis tundub olevat rahvusvahelistumist käivitavaks teguriks. Sellepärast on rahvusvahelistumine nii Eesti kui ka Läti riiklikus poliitikas peamiselt seotud õppekeele küsimusega.Märksõnad: kõrghariduse rahvusvahelistumine; keelepoliitika; riiklikud poliitika planeerimise dokumendid; õppekeel; ingliskeelne õpe
Back to the roots? Critical reflections on the ‘root’ in Finno-Ugric linguistics
Authors: Laakso Johanna
Published: March 2017

In Finno-Ugric linguistics, words are usually analyzed in terms of stems and affixes instead of abstract monosyllabic ‘roots’ in the Indo-European sense. However, there have been attempts to introduce the concept of ‘root’ alongside the historically disyllabic stems, in order to account for less regular connections between words and the non-canonic word formation mechanisms of the expressive vocabulary. Here, a few such attempts are critically analyzed in their historical and ideological contexts.Kokkuvõte. Johanna Laakso: Tagasi juurte juurde? Arutlus “juure” mõiste üle soome-ugri keeleteaduses. Soome-ugri keeleteaduses on tavaks vaadelda sõnu tüvede ja liidetena, mitte abstraktsete ühesilbiliste juurtena indoeuroopa keeleteaduse mõistes. Ajalooliselt kahesilbiliste tüvede kõrval on püütud tarvitusele võtta ka juure mõiste, et seletada ekspressiivsele sõnavarale omaseid vähem reeglipäraseid sõnadevahelisi seoseid ning sõnamoodustusmehhanisme. Artiklis võetakse kriitiliselt vaatluse alla mõned neist katsetest nende ajaloolises ja ideoloogilises kontekstis.Märksõnad: soome-ugri keeled; ungari keel; soome keel; sõnastruktuur; etümoloogia; juur; keeleteaduse ajalugu; ekspressiivsed sõnad
Komitatiivi funktsioonidest eri aegade ja registrite eesti kirjakeeles
Authors: Metslang Helle , Habicht Külli , Hennoste Tiit , Jürine Anni , Laanesoo Kirsi , Ogren David
Published: March 2017

Eesti komitatiiviga väljendatavad koosesinemisfunktsioonid moodustavad võrgustiku, mille keskmes on kaks prototüüpset funktsiooni, KAASNEMINE ja VASTASTIKUSUS. 17.–18. sajandi kirjakeele komitatiivi funktsioonid esindavad KAASNEMISE haru, 20. sajandi materjalis domineerib VASTASTIKUSUS. Komitatiivi funktsioonid on sajandite jooksul järjest laienenud. Tänapäeva kirjakeele materjalis on esindatud nii KAASNEMISE kui ka VASTASTIKUSUSE haru, mõlema kasutustendentsid seostuvad tekstiliigi funktsionaalse ja sisulise eripäraga. Kontaktkeeltest sarnaneb eesti komitatiivi funktsioonivõrgustik enim saksa keele ja vähim soome keele võrgustikuga.Abstract. Helle Metslang, Külli Habicht, Tiit Hennoste, Anni Jürine, Kirsi Laanesoo, David Ogren: Functions of the comitative in different periods and registers of written Estonian. The various types of concomitance expressed by the Estonian comitative form a network, at the center of which are the two prototypical functions of the comitative, ACCOMPANYING and RECIPROCALITY. In the 17th–18th century written language, the comitative primarily expressed ACCOMPANYING and similar meanings, while the RECIPROCALITY function dominates in 20th-century texts. The functions of the comitative have grown broader over time. In more peripheral functions, the comitative even performs the functions of grammatical cases, encoding non-foregrounded core arguments – the semantics of the comitative have become blurred, and the grammatical relations it expresses have become less well defined. In the modern written language, both the COMPANION and the RECIPROCALITY branches are well-represented. Usage tendencies are tied to the functional and contentrelated characteristics of different text types: RECIPROCALITY is particularly common in fiction texts, while print media texts extensively utilize the INSTRUMENT function and often feature phrase-internal comitatives, illustrating their high textual density. In online comment sections the INSTRUMENT function is particularly prominent, while in MSN dialogues the COMPANION function stands out. Among contact languages, the network of functions of the Estonian comitative most closely resembles that of German and least closely resembles that of Finnish.Keywords: comitative; concomitance; variation; register; written language; Estonian
Leedu draama retseptsioon Eestis
Authors: Saro Anneli
Published: March 2017

Eesti teatril on ajaloolises plaanis kõige tihedamad sidemed olnud saksa- ja venekeelse ning angloameerika kultuuriruumiga, kuid sidemed lõunapoolsete lähinaabritega on olnud üsna sporaadilised. Käesolev uurimus käsitleb Leedu draama vastuvõttu Eestis ja Eesti teatris. Artikli eesmärgiks on (1) anda statistiline ajalooline ülevaade Eestis ilmunud ja lavastatud Leedu näitekirjandusest ning (2) uurida Leedu draama retseptsiooni Eestis, tuginedes näidendite lähilugemisele, audio- ja videosalvestustele ja ilmunud kriitikale ning tõlgendades nimetatud allikaid Eesti kultuurikontekstist lähtuvalt.Abstract. Anneli Saro: Reception of Lithuanian drama in Estonia. The article has two aims: (1) to give a statistical overview of Lithuanian drama published and staged in Estonia, and (2) to investigate the reception of Lithuanian drama in Estonia, relying on close reading of the plays and analysis of audiovisual recordings and criticism, and interpreting the sources in the Estonian cultural context. The term “reception” here covers the creative work of translators, directors, actors, scenographers, etc., as well as diverse mental activities of readers and spectators. The first part of the article tackles the historical development of cultural relations between Estonia and Lithuania in the field of theatre, listing the Lithuanian plays published and staged in Estonia during different epochs and contextualizing the reception. In the second part, the plays of four influential playwrights are analyzed: works by Juozas Grušas, Kazys Saja, Justinas Marcinkevičius and Marius Ivaškevičius. There are approximately forty Lithuanian plays translated into Estonian, most of them by Mihkel Loodus. Twenty plays have been staged in professional theatres, and twenty have been published, although some are still in manuscript. There are three groups of plays translated into Estonian: (1) plays depicting Soviet society, staged in Estonia in the second half of the 1950s and in the first half of the 1960s, 2) plays depicting Lithuanian history, mostly published as books, and 3) existential plays that form the majority of Lithuanian drama in Estonian.Keywords: Lithuanian drama; Estonian theatre; reception; cultural relations between Estonia and Lithuania
The nursing associate: a welcome new member of the NHS family?
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: March 2017

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the Nursing and Midwifery Council's announcement that it will regulate the new nursing associate role
Deprivation of liberty in the intensive care unit
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: March 2017

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the implications of a Court of Appeal decision that deprivations of liberty do not occur where the person is receiving lifesaving treatment
Food for thought: delivering effective nutritional care
Authors: Scammell Janet
Published: March 2017

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, asks whether nurse education places enough emphasis on the importance of ensuring good nutrition and hydration for patients
The potential benefits of using aloe vera in stoma patient skin care
Authors: Rippon Mark , Perrin Angie , Darwood Richard , Ousey Karen
Published: March 2017

Individuals living with an ostomy may suffer from a variety of peri-stomal skin complications related to the use of their stoma appliance or accessories. These conditions can be serious enough to significantly impact on a patient's quality of life and may result in severe clinical complications (such as infection). This article is a review of the literature with the objective of investigating and presenting evidence for the well-documented use of aloe vera in the prevention of skin conditions similar to those seen in peri-stomal skin complications. An exploration for the potential use of aloe vera directly or indirectly (as an adjunct to medical devices such as wafers) in stoma patients is presented with the view that this use may be beneficial in the prevention of such peri-stomal skin complications.
Variation of leaflet shape from several soybean genotypes and its relation to morphological characters
Authors: KRISNAWATI AYDA , ADIE M. MUCHLISH
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Adie MM. 2017. The leaflet shape variation from several soybean genotypes in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 359-364. Leaves are part of the plant organs which are of importance to sustain the plantâ€™s life. Generally, each plant has a varied leaflet shape depending on many factors. Soybean, as one of an important source of protein vegetable, has a diverse plant shape among its genotypes. The objective of the research was to evaluate the variation of leaflet shape of 150 soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes and its relation to another growth and morphological characters. The leaflet shape of 150 soybean genotypes was intensively in Kendalpayak Research Station, Malang (Indonesia) from February to May 2016. This field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with two replicates. The leaf characterization of 150 soybean genotypes using LSI (Leaf Shape Index) method. Analysis of variance of observed soybean genotypes in terms of maturity traits and morphological attributes showed a significantly different among soybean genotypes, except for harvest index (HI) parameter. This indicates that there was variability in morphological characters among of 150 soybean genotypes. The LSI value ranged from 1.40 to 3.05, in average of 2.04. Of all observed soybean genotypes, most of their morphological performance was an intermediate size (110 genotypes), while another 17 genotypes was a broad leaflet, and the rest (23 genotypes) had a narrow leaflet. Genotypes with an intermediate leaflet apparently possessed the different morphological characters of seed in terms of size, weight/plant and yield compared to those leaflet shape of other genotypes. Among the broad leaflet group, accession No. 92 could be prospectively used as a gene donor for improving soybean yield potential in Indonesia due to its high yield production (3.05 t/ha), early maturity, and large seed size. In the group of intermediate leaflet, accession No. 18 could also be used as a potential gene donor showed in its high yield production (3.07 t/ha), early maturity, and large seed size. Meanwhile, the potential gene donor in narrow leaflet group, which could be further used were two genotypes (accession No. 20 and No. 22).

Keywords: Glycine max, LSI, morphological characters, gene donor
Short Communication: Sex types in flowering of Jatropha curcas
Authors: DASUMIATI DASUMIATI , MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN , TRIADIATI TRIADIATI , HARTANA ALEX
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Dasumiati, Miftahudin, Triadiati T, Hartana A. 2017. Short Communication: Sex types in flowering of Jatropha curcas. Biodiversitas 18: 275-279. Commonly, Jatropha curcas ( jatropha) produces male and female flowers in the different flower. But, the other jatropha have male and hermaphrodite flowers in the different flower. The combination of those flowers in one plant causes sex differentiation in jatropha. This study aimed to identify the sex types of flowers and plant in jatropha, as well as to know the stability of sex types after stem cuttings propagation. The survey was conducted to the population of jatropha in Cikampek, Karawang and Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. We found three sex types in both plantations: monoecious that have male and female flowers, andromonoecious that have male and hermaphrodite flowers, trimonoecious that have male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers in the same plant. Andromonoecious and monoecious jatropha have stable sex type, but trimonoecious jatropha has unstable sex type. The stability of sex type is related to the number of primary branch and distance between nodes.

Keywords: Andromonoecious, Jatropha curcas, monoecious, trimonoecious
Economic analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and soybean (Glycine max) as intercropping plants in two agroforestry systems
Authors: KARMINI KARMINI , SARMINAH SRI , KARYATI KARYATI
Published: March 2017

Karmini, Sarminah S, Karyati. 2017. Economic analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and soybean (Glycine max) as intercropping plants in two agroforestry systems. Biodiversitas 18: 483-493. An agroforestry is a farming system combining forestry plant and agricultural plant. Two agroforestry systems of sengon (Falcataria moluccana)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba)-soybean (Glycine max) have been done and are proven to be successful. The objective of this study was to analyze the application of A. hypogaea and G. max as intercropping plants in two agroforestry systems from the aspect of economy. The study was conducted from January to June 2016 in Education Forest, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Data analysis was done to calculate the cost, revenue, and profit of the application of A. hypogaea and G. max as intercropping plants in two agroforestry systems. The results indicate that two agroforestry systems of F. moluccana-A. hypogaea and A. cadamba-G. max are feasible and applicable to rehabilitate the critical lands. The application of A. hypogaea as an intercropping plant in the agroforestry system of F. moluccana and A. hypogaea expended total cost as much as Rp. 10,985,000.00 ha-1 cs-1, and it obtained total revenue as much as Rp. 14.000.000,00 ha-1 cs-1, so it gave profit as much as Rp. 3,015,000.00 ha-1 cs-1. An agroforestry system of F. moluccana and A. hypogaea gives many benefits from the aspect of economy, social, ecology, and conservation. Total cost, total revenue, and profit of the application of G. max as an intercropping plant in the agroforestry system of A. cadamba and G. max, in the first year in the first cropping season, were Rp. 11,019,000.00 ha-1 cs-1; Rp. 3,500,000.00 ha-1 cs-1; and Rp. 7,519,000.00 ha-1 cs-1, respectively. Although G. max farm was not profitable to do in some critical lands, the agroforestry system of A. cadamba and G. max gave many benefits from the aspect of ecology and conservation.
Relational wellbeing: re-centring the politics of happiness, policy and the self
Authors: White Sarah C
Published: March 2017

The ubiquity of references to happiness and wellbeing indicates widespread anxiety that all may not be well, reflecting the erosion of the social in late capitalist modernity. The paper finds that, rather than helping to solve this problem, individualist formulations of wellbeing in policy mimic or deepen the underlying pathology. Drawing on empirical research in Zambia and India, it advocates an alternative approach, relational wellbeing, which is grounded in a relational ontology that can challenge dominant ideologies of the self, places central the generative quality of relationality which is critical to societal change and engenders a socially inclusive political vision.
Depoliticising austerity: narratives of the Portuguese debt crisis 2011–15
Authors: Standring Adam
Published: March 2017

The relationship between the Euro crisis and austerity policies is often understood in terms of broadly deterministic explanations centred around economic imperatives and, in the case of bailed out countries, the conditionality of international lenders. Applying a multi-lens framework of depoliticisation to the case of Portugal between 2011 and 2015, this article instead refocuses analysis on the discourse employed by national politicians, in their construction of crisis narratives, to build the political authority to pass reforms. The Portuguese case is particularly effective at demonstrating how depoliticisation, ‘relocates politics and the political rather than annihilating it’.
Games as Enduring Presence
Authors: LaPensée Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

Games offer a space for Indigenous artists to reify the connections between tradition and technology since Indigenous games can directly engage players in Indigenous ways of knowing through design and aesthetic. The social impact game Survivance, the musical choose-your-own-adventure text game We Sing for Healing, and the mobile game Invaders exemplify games as self-determined spaces for Indigenous expression. And yet, these examples still merely hint at possibilities of self-determined Indigenous games as access to technology expands and the potential to design systems with Indigenous perspectives from the code up unfolds.
Aesthetics, Violence, and Indigeneity
Authors: Rickard Jolene
Published: March 2017

This essay considers the intersectionality between the field of art history focused on the subject category of Native American or Indigenous art and Indigenous Studies. Methodological gaps in the field of art history are discussed through the canonical genre of landscape art with a comparative reference to key exhibitions; Land Spirit Power: First Nations at the National Gallery of Canada, (1992), The West As America: Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 1820-1920, (1991), Submuloc Show/Columbus Wohs (1992), Our Land/Ourselves: Contemporary Native American Landscape (1991) and Picturing the Americas: Landscape Painting from Tierra del Fuego to the Artic (2015). The aestheticization of the colonization of the Americas as represented in the genre of landscape art is interrogated as a form of historical violence that needs to be decolonized within the field of art history.
Reverse Notions, Darkness and Light
Authors: Tamati-Quennell Megan , Reihana Lisa
Published: March 2017

An interview with artist Lisa Reihana about Tai Whetuki, House of Death Redux, 2016 created as her exhibition work for the prestigious New Zealand Walters Art Prize, Toi o Tamaki, Auckland Art Gallery, 2016. Interview by Megan Tamati-Quennell.
Reviews
Authors: Jackman Michael Connors , Coan Casely E. , Murtaugh Monica , Rizi Najmeh Moradiyan
Published: March 2017

QUEER YOUTH AND MEDIA CULTURES, CHRISTOPHER PULLEN (ED.) (2014) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 296 pp., ISBN: 9781137383549, h/bk, $100.00, ISBN: 9781349480562, p/bk, $95.00

TRANSPARENT, JILL SOLOWAY (2014–PRESENT), SANTA MONICA: AMAZON STUDIOS

GAMING IN COLOR, PHILIP JONES (2015), UNITED STATES: DEVOLVER DIGITAL FILMS

QUEER REPRESENTATION, VISIBILITY, AND RACE IN AMERICAN FILM AND TELEVISION: SCREENING THE CLOSET, MELANIE E. S. KOHNEN (2016) New York: Routledge, 182 pp., ISBN: 9780415894142, h/bk, $160.00
Sex, lies and the locker room: A critical discourse analysis of athletes coming out in the media
Authors: McGivern Cu-Hullan Tsuyoshi , Miller Paul Chamness
Published: March 2017

Oppression and hostility is still evident towards LGBT athletes within modern sport organizations, where hegemonic masculinities contribute to the opposition to LGBT members of the athletic community. Given the homophobia that continues to impact sport, the aim of this study is to ascertain, through the lens of grounded theory, what discourses are used to address the coming out of professional athletes in online news sites and the hegemonic power that is reflected through that discourse. Through the analysis, four themes emerged as significant. One particular theme stood out as the most substantial: the locker room seen as a space where masculinity is negotiated, suggesting the possibility that many masculinities exist within that milieu. The study’s findings highlight the urgency that is needed in order to make sport a safe and non-hostile space for all athletes.
Domperidone and maternal milk volume in mothers of premature newborns
Authors: Fazilla Tengku Ellya , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa , Ali Muhammad , Sianturi Pertin
Published: March 2017

Background Mothers of premature newborns often have difficulty giving adequate breast milk volume to their infants. Domperidone is an antagonist of peripheral dopamine receptors and believed to increase breast milk production. In Indonesia, no study has been done to date on the effect of domperidone on maternal milk production in mothers of premature newborns.  Objective To evaluate the effect of domperidone on milk production in mothers of premature newborns who failed to lactate.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from July to December 2012 in the Perinatology Unit, Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Mothers of premature newborns were given lactation counseling for 7 days in order to increase their milk production. Mothers who failed to lactate after that time were enrolled in the study. Fifty subjects were assigned to receive either domperidone or a placebo for 7 days. Milk volume was measured every 2 hours (from 7 am to 9 pm), in the 24 hours before starting therapy, and on the 7th and 10th days (the 10th day being 3 days after stopping therapy). Results This study involved 25 mothers in the domperidone groups and 25 others in placebo group. After 7 days of therapy, mean breast milk volume was significantly higher in the domperidone group than in the placebo group  [181.6 (SD 80.2) vs. 72.4 (SD 57.8) mL, respectively; 95%CI of differences 69.36 to 148.93; P=0.0001]. At day 10, breast milk production remained significantly higher in the domperidone group. Furthermore, in the domperidone group, no significant difference in mean breast milk volumes was noted between the 7th and 10th days (P=0.65). Conclusion In mothers of premature newborns who failed to lactate, domperidone therapy for 7 days causes significantly higher milk production compared to placebo.
Comparison of SpO2/FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratios as markers of acute lung injury
Authors: Laila Dewi Shandi , Yoel Chairul , Hakimi Hakimi , Lubis Munar
Published: March 2017

Background One of the diagnostic criteria for acute lung injury (ALI) is the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio. This measurement is obtained by blood gas analysis, which involves an invasive procedure (arterial blood draw). In order to reduce invasive procedures on critically ill patients, an alternative non-invasive marker for ALI is needed. The SpO2/FiO2 (S/F) ratio attained by pulse oximetry may be a suitable alternative.Objective To investigate for a correlation between S/F ratio and P/F ratio, in order to find an alternative non-invasive marker of ALI.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan from August 2012 to June 2013. Subjects (children aged 1 month – 18 years) underwent blood gas analysis when their pulse oximetry showed saturation of 80-97% within 24 hours of ventilator use. We measured PaO2, SpO2, and FiO2 and calculated S/F and P/F ratios. Data were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation and linear regression tests.Results Of 69 PICU patients, 39 children fulfilled the criteria for ALI. The S/F ratio and P/F ratio had a weak correlation (r=0.2; P=0.18). The linear regression equation was S/F ratio = 129.67 + 0.11 (P/F), with S/F ratio values of 162.67 and 151.67 correlating to P/F ratio values of 300 and 200, respectively.Conclusion  The S/F ratio has a weak correlation with P/F ratio for ALI in children.
A comparison of axillary and tympanic membrane to rectal temperatures in children
Authors: Paramita Tania , Karyanti Mulya Rahma , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Hendarto Aryono , Suyoko Dadi , Latief Abdul
Published: March 2017

Background Core body temperature measurement is not commonly done in pediatric populations because it is invasive and difficult to perform. Therefore, axillary and tympanic membrane temperature measurements are preferable, but their accuracy is still debatable.Objective To compare the accuracy of axillary and tympanic temperatures to rectal temperature in children with fever, and to measure the cut-off point for fever based on each temperature measurement method.Methods A diagnostic study was conducted among feverish children aged 6 months to 5 years who were consecutively selected from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Pediatric Emergency Unit, and the inpatient ward in the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH), from December 2014 to January 2015. Subjects underwent three measurements within a two minute span, namely, the axillary, tympanic membrane, and rectal temperature measurements. The values obtained from the examination were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests.Results The cut-off for fever on axilla was 37.4oC and on tympanic membrane was  37.4oC, with sensitivity 96% (95%CI 0.88 to 0.98) and 93% (95%CI 0.84 to 0.97), respectively; specificity 50% (95%CI 0.47 to 0.84) and 50% (95%CI 0.31 to 0.69), respectively; positive predictive value/PPV 90% (95%CI 0.81 to 0.95) and 85% (95%CI 0.75 to 0.91), respectively; and negative predictive value/NPV 83% (95%CI 0.61 to 0.94) and 69% (95%CI 0.44 to 0.86), respectively. The optimal cut-off of tympanic membrane and axilla temperature was 37.8oC (AUC 0.903 and 0.903, respectively).Conclusion Axillary temperature measurement is as good as tympanic membrane temperature measurement and can be used in daily clinical practice or at home. By increasing the optimum fever cut-off point for axillary and tympanic membrane temperature to 37.8oC, we find sensitivity 81% and 88%, specificity 86% and 73%, PPV 95% and 91%, and NPV 95% and 91%, respectively.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E MICROBIOLÓGICAS DO QUEIJO ARTESANAL PRODUZIDO NA MICRORREGIÃO DE MONTES CLAROS – MG
Authors: Pinto Maximiliano Soares , Lempk Marcus Welbert , Cabrini Carolina Campos , Saraiva Lorena Katheryne Vieira , Cangussu Roberta Ribeiro da Cruz , Simões Cunha Ana Luisa Ferreira
Published: March 2017

A valorização de queijos artesanais é crescente nos últimos anos. Atualmente qualquer município do estado de Minas Gerais pode solicitar o seu credenciamento como região produtora de queijo Minas artesanal. A produção de queijo está presente em todos os municípios da microrregião de Montes Claros e possui valor social inquestionável para a população. Entretanto não há sequer estudos iniciais para que, diante dos resultados, ações possam ser planejadas visando tirar o queijo da informalidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os aspectos físico-químicos e microbiológicos do queijo artesanal da microrregião de Montes Claros, MG. As análises microbiológicas feitas foram: coliformes 30 ºC, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp e Listeria sp.. E para as análises físico-químicas foram: pH, aw, gordura, umidade, cloretos, nitrogênio total, extensão e profundidade de maturação e cinzas em 18 queijos representados pelos municípios que compõem a microrregião de Montes Claros, MG. Assim como acontecia nas regiões tradicionais no passado, é notória a falta de padronização dos queijos analisados, assim como condições microbiológicas insatisfatórias para consumo. Tornam-se necessárias ações de pesquisa e principalmente extensão para que seja possível a produção de queijos passíveis de serem consumidos.
An analysis about knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of HIV and AIDS among the Himba people of the Kunene region, Namibia
Authors: Nakakuwa Filippine Nekulu , Mitonga Kabwebwe Honore , De Villiers Josephine , Iipinge Scholastika
Published: March 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices and risk perceptions with regard to HIV/AIDS among the Himba people from the Kunene region; and to identify its determinant factors.Design: The research study was quantitative. That is, cross sectional, descriptive and analytical. A total of 290 respondents were posed a number of multiple-choice questions about specific areas: HIV modes of transmission, knowledge on prevention measures, wrong conceptions of HIV/AIDS, beliefs, attitudes and practices.Results: In this study, the mean overall score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its transmission modes was found to be 15.8 out of 30 with a 95% confidence interval of [15.1]; [16.5]. It was found that the Himba peopleâ€™s knowledge on HIV/AIDS does not differ according to the gender of the respondent. In fact, the mean score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission among females was 15.9 with a confidence interval of [15.1]; [16.8], whilst the mean score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission among males was 15.7 with a confidence interval of [14.5]; [16.8]. Using a bivariate analysis, factors such as condom use as a safer sex practice, level of education, type of marriage, and the gender of the respondents showed a statistically significant association with HIV knowledge at a 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: There is a need to increase knowledge that can be translated into change in behaviour and practices among the Himba, the efforts of all stakeholders are required. Such efforts include promoting education through mobile schools, intensifying sex education within the community through outreach programmes and putting in place policies integrated with indigenous cultural practices that will lead to positive attitudes and beliefs.
Ein Kompass für die Energiewende: Das Kopernikus-Projekt Energiewende-Navigationssystem (ENavi) ist gestartet
Authors: Renn Ortwin
Published: March 2017

Die Energiewende ist eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe, an der Akteure aus allen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen und Steuerungsebenen mitwirken. Hierbei Orientierung zu bieten und Wegmarken zu setzen hat sich das Forschungsprojekt ENavi zum Ziel gesetzt. Dafür müssen
unterschiedliche Wissensbestände generiert und integriert werden sowie die Folgen der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Entscheidungen abgeschätzt werden.
Warum sich die Klimaforschung mit harten Machtverhältnissen beschäftigen muss
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim
Published: March 2017

Reaktion auf L. Partzsch in GAIA 24/1 (2015): Kein Wandel ohne Macht ‐ Nachhaltigkeitsforschung braucht ein mehrdimensionales Machtverständnis
ACCURACY ASSESSMENTS OF PAN-SHARPENED IMAGE FOR BENTHIC HABITATS MAPPING
Authors: Wicaksono Pramaditya , Adhimah Faza
Published: March 2017

Image-sharpening process integrates lower spatial resolution multispectral bands with higher spatial resolution panchromatic band to produce multispectral bands with finer spatial detail called pan-sharpened image. Although the pan-sharpened image can greatly assist the process of information extraction using visual interpretation, the benefit and setback of using pan-sharpened image on the accuracy of digital classification for mapping remain unclear. This research aimed at 1) highlighting the issue of using pan-sharpened image to perform benthic habitats mapping and 2) comparing the accuracy of benthic habitats mapping using original and pan-sharpened bands. In this study, Quickbird image was used and Kemujan Island was selected as the study area. Two levels of hierarchical classification scheme of benthic habitats were constructed based on the composition of in situ benthic habitats. PC Spectral sharpening method was applied on Quickbird image. Image radiometric corrections, PCA transformation, and image classifications were performed on both original and pan-sharpened image. The results showed that the accuracy of benthic habitats classification of pan-sharpened image (maximum overall accuracy 64.28% and 73.30% for per-pixel and OBIA, respectively) was lower than the original image (73.46% and 73.10%, respectively). The main setback of using pan-sharpened image is the inability to correct the sunglint, hence adversely affects the process of water column correction, PCA transformation and image classification. This is mainly because sunglint do not only affect object’s spectral response but also the texture of the object. Nevertheless, the pan-sharpened image can still be used to map benthic habitats using visual interpretation and digital image processing. Pan-sharpened image will deliver better classification accuracy and visual appearance especially when the sunglint is low.
Creating Urban Water Resilience: Review of China’s Development Strategies “Sponge City” Concept and Practices
Authors: Hermaputi Roosmayri Lovina , Hua Chen
Published: March 2017

These years China's cities faced urban water security problem caused by natural disaster, man-made disaster, and water shortage. Back to the year 2002 until 2015 several cases were raised such as 2002 Guizhou Duyun slag water pollution, 2014 Lanzhou water benzene poisoning cases and the Han River Excessive Ammonia Pollution in Wuhan, Gansu Hui County blood cadmium poisoning cases. Meanwhile, a rainstorm hit Guangzhou in May 2010, Nanjing rainstorm 7.18, and recently Beijing 7.21 big rainstorm who killed about 79 people and Changsha 4.7 big flood in 2015. The "Sponge City" is the answer for China's water issues. Recorded In October 2013 Professor Lin Bingzhang recommend to build a "sponge city" as storm events and flood mitigation action, then in December, Secretary-General Xi Jinping at the central work conference on urbanisation talked about building a natural reservoir, natural infiltration, natural purification "sponge city." Followed the initiative, "Sponge City Construction Technology Guide - Low Impact Development Storm water system builders" had been released in 2014, project financing policy "Finance Building [2014] No. 838" has been established and until the year 2016, 30 cities has been chosen as sponge city urban construction pilot. The sponge city initiative aims to maximise water reservation and minimise the effects of drought and flooding by recycling and efficiently applying water supplies and reserves (AUSTRADE, 2016). This paper tries to elaborate the Sponge City theory and review of several practices in China's cities to create urban water resilience. This research will conduct theory development analysis, sponge city construction's practices analysis and its performance to actualize urban water resilience.
Water Governance for Urban Resilience Analysis of Key Factors and the Role of Stakeholders in Metropolitan Area
Authors: Mulyana Wahyu , Suganda Emirhadi
Published: March 2017

Water governance is critical for water security and as enabling condition to achieve urban resilience. Water governance involves multi-actor, multi-sector and multi-level. Water governance system is the foundation for all stakeholders involved in water management in urban areas. Clarity of roles and responsibilities of each actor and coordination at all levels can help to meet the goals of urban water security to be more efficient, effective and inclusive. This article highlights the current water governance in a metropolitan area with level analysis on policy, organizational and operational. This is a multidisciplinary perspective of environmental science and public policy. Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) is chosen as a case study. Data and information gathered from secondary sources. The output is an initial baseline of water governance in BMA including key factors shaping water governance and role of stakeholder. This result will be used for the further research on dynamic and adaptive governance on the urban water sector.
Identification of Fishermen Household’s Adaptive Capacity in Responding to Climate Change Impacts (A Case Study of Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Fitriawati Fitriawati , Suroso Djoko Santoso Abi
Published: March 2017

Climate change affects the uncertainty of oceanographic condition that has an impact on the marine fisheries, such as changes in fishing areas, winds, and extreme waves. As an archipelagic country, the majority of Indonesian cities are in the coastal area whose the community’s livelihood depends on marine fishery activities. Climate change impacts the coastal community who engages in fishery activities are now being vulnerable group towards climate change. This condition is also experienced by fishermen in Muncar District, the second biggest fishery port in Indonesia. It is necessary to enhance fishermen household’s adaptive capacity which is the key to region’s resilience. This research focuses on adaptive capacity assessment by formulating criteria and indicators based on the expert's theories review. The method that is used in this research is statistic descriptive based on a questionnaire which distributed to 120 households samples. This research also views perception of fishermen on climate change impacts and on how Local Government Units (LGUs) and Community Organizations (COs)support the increase of fishermen household’s adaptive capacity. The result of the assessment showed that 56% of households have ‘medium’ adaptive capacity, 34% of them are in ‘low’ adaptive capacity, and 10% households are in ‘high’ adaptive capacity. The LGUs and COs gives a high endorsement to households to increase their adaptive capacity. The result of this study can be taken into consideration in formulating the strategies to enhance fishermen household’s adaptive capacity in order to realize the resilient fishermen households socially and economically.
NORMATIVITAS KEILMUAN HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALIRAN PEMIKIRAN NEO-KANTIAN
Authors: Samekto FX. Adji
Published: March 2017

Scientific normativity of law conceived as a character inherent in legal science as a sui generis. Jurisprudence basically study the law, something that initially emerged from the dogmatic belief in philosophy. Dogmaticism refuse to alter beliefs one iota. The teachings of dogmatic philosophy stems from the teachings of Plato (428-347 BC) and is reflected in the legal enforceability. Dogmaticism in the law is reflected in the Corpus Juris Civilis. Along with the development of post Era Scholastic philosophical thinking, the philosophy synthesizes thought between dogmatic thinking and skeptic has appeared in the Age of Enlightment.This idea is reflected in Transcendental Idealist philosophy thought of Immanuel Kant (1724 to 1804). The core idea is that real human beings are given the ability tounderstand based on empirical experience and actually also able to gain an understanding of the human being that is the essence of symptoms. Transcendental Idealist, thus dynamic, moving to look for values   that are useful for life. Transcendental Idealist thought then be adopted Kelsen (18811973) in the teaching of normativity in legal positivism (legal positivism). Normativity in the teachings of Hans Kelsen’s legal positivismderived from the integration of empirical positivism and idealistic positivism.Keywords : Normativity, Neo-kantian, Hans Kelsen, Transsendental IdealisNormativitas keilmuan hukum dikonsepsikan sebagai karakter yang melekat pada keilmuan hukum sebagai cabang ilmu yang bersifat sui generis.Disebut demikian karena ilmu hukum pada dasarnya mempelajari hukum, sesuatu yang pada awalnya dimunculkan dari pemikiran filsafat yang beraliran dogmatik. Pemikiran filsafat dogmatik menolak alternatif keyakinan (belief) lain dalam berpikir. Pemikiran filsafat dogmatik bermula dari ajaran Plato (428-347 SM) dan tercermin dalam keberlakuanhukum. Dogmatika dalam hukum sangat tercermin dalam Corpus Juris Civilis. Seiring dengan perkembangan pemikiran filsafat pasca Era Skolastik, maka pemikiran filsafat yang mensintesakan antara pemikiran dogmatik dan skeptik telah muncul di Era Pencerahan.Pemikiran tercermin dari filsafat pemikiran Transendental Idealis dari Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Inti pemikirannya adalah bahwa manusia sesungguhnya diberi kemampuan untuk memahami berdasarkan pengalaman empirisdan sesungguhnya pula manusia mampu mendapat pengertian tentang gejala yang bersifat esensi. Transendental Idealis, dengan demikian bersifat dinamis, bergerak untuk mencari nilai-nilai yang berguna untuk kehidupan. Pemikiran Transendental Idealis inilah yang kemudian menjadi landasan pemikiran Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) dalam mengajarkan normativitas dalam positivisme hukum (legal positivism). Normativitas dalam positivisme hukum ajaran Hans Kelsen bersumber dari integrasipositivisme empiris dan empirisme idealis.Kata Kunci : Normativitas, Neo-kantian, Hans Kelsen, Transsendental Idealis
KAJIAN TERHADAP PENDEKATAN ILMU HUKUM NORMATIF DAN ILMU HUKUM EMPIRIK SEBAGAI DUA SISI PENDEKATAN YANG SALING MENGISI
Authors: Krismiyarsi Krismiyarsi
Published: March 2017

Law is a social phenomenon that has various aspects and dimensions of the broad and diverse. Therefore, scientifically, we can study law from several points of view. Based on the purpose and characters, the science of law can be divided into two types, namely the Normative Jurisprudence and Empirical Jurisprudence. These two approaches to do dichotomy and opposed to each other, but rather complement each other as a connecting line.Hukum adalah gejala kemasyarakatan yang mempunyai berbagai aspek dan dimensi yang luas dan majemuk., karena itu, hukum secara ilmiah dapat dipelajari dari beberapa sudut pandang. Berdasarkan tujuan dan sifatnya, ilmu hukum dapat dibedakan ke dalam dua jenis, yakni Ilmu Hukum Normatif dan Ilmu-ilmu Hukum Empirik. Ke dua pendekatan ini jangan dikhotomikan dan dipertentangkan satu dengan  lainnya, melainkan  saling mengisi sebagai suatu garis menyambung