bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renda Per Capita não monetária: proposta metodológica aplicada à Comunidade Quilombola do Mandira
Authors: Gouveia José Mariano Caccia , Ross Jurandyr Luciano Sanches
Published: March 2016

Na tentativa de mensurar e avaliar o grau de desenvolvimento econômico, diversos índices foram desenvolvidos e, entre aqueles utilizados universalmente, destacam-se: PIB – Produto Interno Bruto, PNB – Produto Nacional Bruto, IDH – Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, e a Renda Per Capita – RPC. Este último merece especial atenção, pois além de configurar-se em indicador isolado, responde por 1/3 dos valores obtidos para o IDH, à quase totalidade do PIB de comunidades, além de ser um dos indicadores da dimensão econômica de instrumentos de métrica de sustentabilidade. Entretanto, a RPC induz a equívocos na interpretação dos resultados ao apoiar-se exclusivamente nos valores monetários aferidos pelo trabalho ou pelo comércio, mostrando-se ineficaz quando aplicada em comunidades nas quais prevalecem relações autônomas de produção/consumo/comercialização. Quando parte dos recursos necessários à sobrevivência é extraída do ambiente ou produzida localmente, não há desembolso de valores monetários para sua satisfação, embora esta também seja resultado de trabalho executado e, portanto, deve ser considerada para efeito de cálculo da RPC. Neste sentido este artigo apresenta, através de um estudo de caso, a proposição, em caráter exploratório de metodologia que busca superar essa deficiência do índice. Procurou mensurar o volume desses recursos e, sempre que possível, atribuir-lhes valor monetário, permitindo obter um índice equivalente ao da RPC, com maior coerência para aplicação em comunidades ou grupamentos rurais. A este se sugere a denominação “RPC-A – Renda per capita Agregada”, que corresponde à somatória da RPC com a renda não monetária cujo montante foi possível aferir. Como resultado, considerando-se apenas os itens cuja valoração foi possível, esse valor correspondeu a um incremento de 77,01 % na renda local. Este novo índice permite também lançar novos olhares sobre estudos acerca de “Qualidade de Vida” e de análises comparativas entre os meios urbano e rural.
Frustrations and Phase Transitions in Low-Dimensional Magnetic Systems
Authors: Kassan-Ogly Felix , Proshkin Alexey I. , Murtazaev Akai K. , Babaev Albert , Ramazanov Magomedsheykh , Magomedov Magomed
Published: March 2016

We studied magnetic orderings and frustrations on 1D chain and 2D lattices: square, triangular, kagome, and hexagonal in the Ising, 3-state Potts and standard 4-state Potts models. The spins interrelate with one another via the nearest-neighbor, the next-nearest-neighbor or the third-neighbor exchange interactions and by an external magnetic field. For problem solving we mainly calculated the entropy and specific heat using the rigorous analytical solutions for maximum eigenvalue of Kramers-Wannier transfer-matrix and exploiting computer simulation, par excellence, by Wang-Landau algorithm. Whether a system is ordered or frustrated is related to the signs and values of exchange interactions. An external magnetic field may both favor the ordering of a system and create frustrations. With the help of calculations of the entropy, the specific heat and magnetic parameters, we obtained the points and ranges of frustrations, the frustration fields and the phase transition points. The results obtained also show that the same exchange interactions my either be competing or noncompeting which depends on the topology of a lattice.
Ternary Diagrams of Ni-Mn-Ga from First Principles
Authors: Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Sokolovskaya Yuliya A. , Zagrebin Mikhail A. , Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Zayak Alexey T.
Published: March 2016

The composition dependences of the magnetic and elastic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Heusleralloys are investigated by using ab initio calculations. The off-stoichiometric compositions are real-ized by the coherent-potential approximation. Two types of off-stoichiometric approaches are pro-posed. Through a series of researches, the equilibrium lattice constants, bulk modulus, magnetic mo-ments, formation energies of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys are obtained and mapped onto ternary diagrams.
Modeling of Phase Transitions Kinetics in Systems with Two Interacting Order Parameters
Authors: Kuzmin Dmitry A. , Bychkov Igor V. , Biryukov Ivan Yu. , Kamantsev Alexander P. , Koledov Victor V. , Shavrov Vladimir G.
Published: March 2016

We present common 1D model of first order phase transition based on coupled solution of order parameters evolution and heat transfer equations. Such a model may be used for simulation of phase transitions in multiferroics or magnetostructural phase transitions, for example. First order phase transition process has been described by Landau-Khalatnikov-like equation with the thermodynamic potential of 2-3-4 and 2-4-6 types.
The Influence of Fluctuations on the Superconducting Properties of Bi2Sr2Ca0.6Zn0.4Cu2OX and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2OX
Authors: Ragimov S.S. , Saddinova A.A. , Aliev V.M. , Selim-Zade R.I.
Published: March 2016

It was investigated the influence of Ca substitution by Zn on the fluctuations of specific resistivity, thermal power and exsess conductivity of Bi2Sr2Ca0.6Zn0.4Cu2OX and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2OX in the 70-300К temperature interval. Experimental results explained taking into account strong anisotropy and multiband character of superconducting state in these compounds. The microscopic parameters such as dimensional crossover temperature (Tcr), interlayer coupling strength (J), and zero temperature coherence length along c axis (ξ0) are estimated.
Waves Generation by Spiral Magnets at Phase Transitions
Authors: Bychkov Igor V. , Kuzmin Dmitry A. , Kamantsev Alexander P. , Koledov Victor V. , Shavrov Vladimir G.
Published: March 2016

The possibility of electromagnetic and acoustic waves generation by magnets with spiral spin structure at phase transition to collinear state has been shown. Intensities and frequencies of generated waves have been calculated. It has been shown that intensities of both electromagnetic and acoustic waves strictly depend on the phase transition kinetics.
Femtosecond Magnetooptics and the Orbital Model of the Ultrafast Magnetic Dynamics
Authors: Kurkin Mikhail Ivanovich , Orlova Natalia Borisovna
Published: March 2016

The critical analysis of the magnetization reversal processes and magnetooptics of ferromagnets was carried out. The condition of the formation of nonequilibrium orbital momenta lpf after turning off the femtosecond laser pumping was found. The frequency range for processes involving lpf was estimated as 106 Hz to 1015 Hz. Such objects were not known in the magnetism before using the methods of femtosecond optics. The estimated frequency range covers all the processes related to femtosecond magnetism. Our qualitative analysis of these processes allows us to hope that their quantitative description does not require significant changes in the existing theories of magnetism.
Excitation and Dynamics of Domain Walls in Three-Layer Ferromagnetic Structure with Different Parameters of the Magnetic Anisotropy and Exchange
Authors: Ekomasov Evgeniy , Murtazin Ramil , Bogomazova Oksana , Nazarov Vladimir
Published: March 2016

The dynamics of domain walls (DW) in three-layered ferromagnetic was studied. The minimum velocity required for a DW to pass through the spatial modulation region was calculated. The excitation of DW internal oscillation modes and localized magnetic inhomogeneity of breather type was analyzed.
Conformational Transitions Control in Polynucleotide Chains by External Frequency-Modulated Exposure
Authors: Zakiryanov Farit Kabirovich , Daukaev Timur Rifhatovich , Yakushevich Ludmila Vladimirovna
Published: March 2016

Use of DNA molecules in molecular electronics is very promising. Close relationship between the charge transfer and conformational changes follows from experiment. For the theoretical descriptions of conformational transitions of DNA molecule the kink-like solutions of the modified sine-Gordon equation are mostly used. Our investigations show that the motion of the kink can be controlled by the external exposure.
Breathers against the Background of Spiral Magnetic Structure
Authors: Kiselev V.V. , Raskovalov A.A.
Published: March 2016

In the framework of sine-Gordon model, the complete analysis of structure and properties of pulsating solitons (breathers) in the spiral magnetic structures is given. The possibilities of observing and exciting of breathers in the spiral structures of magnets and multiferroics are discussed.
Study of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Electroactive Polymers Placed in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Conditions
Authors: Vorobjev Alexander , Ponomarev Aleksandr , Lachinov Aleksei N.
Published: March 2016

The article proposes a method of studying the localized states (“traps”) in the band gap of dielectrics. The method combines both the method of current-voltage characteristics and the method of thermally stimulated currentIt is intended to use the method for analyzing the materials, in which trapping states are quasi-continuously distributed. The article gives an example of using the method for studying of the advanced polymer material - polydiphenylenephthalide. It presents calculation of values of the activation energies and the depth of the traps. The results are compared with the data obtained by traditional methods.
X-Ray Diffraction Application for the Study of the Fine Structure of Carbon Fibers
Authors: Tyumentsev Vasilii A. , Fazlitdinova Alfiya G.
Published: March 2016

The fine structure of carbon fibers, obtained according to specific preparation techniques, has been studied. It has been shown that the fiber material is heterogeneous, its component composition is determined by thermomechanical treatment conditions and addition of boron; also it depends on the angle φ of coherent scattering domain orientation relative to the thread axis. The mean coherent scattering domain sizes increase in transition to the components corresponding to smaller d002 values. Increase in temperature and duration of heat treatment, as well as the presence of a boron-containing additive, ensures formation of the components corresponding to smaller interplanar spacing d002 values in the carbon material. The observed influence of temperature and duration of heat treatment, as well as the angle of coherent scattering domain orientation relative to the thread axis, upon the component composition makes it possible to assume that the process of carbon fiber material transformation into a state of greater stability presumably develops through a number of metastable stages.
Crystal Structure of L6, L4-8, L3-12 and L4-6-12  Graphene Polymorphs
Authors: Kochengin A.E. , Belenkov Evgeniy A.
Published: March 2016

Calculations of the structure and electronic properties of crystals composed of graphene layers L6, L4-8, L3-12 and L4-6-12 were performed within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximations (GGA). It was found out, that crystals of the four main types of graphene are to have metallic properties.
Clusters of Discrete Breathers in Carbon and Hydrocarbon Nanostructures
Authors: Baimova Julia , Lobzenko Ivan P. , Dmitriev Sergey V.
Published: March 2016

Clusters of discrete breathers in graphene and graphane are studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. For both structures, two-breather and three-breather clusters are considered. Energy exchange between discrete breathers in clusters is strongly dependent on the initial conditions such as initial amplitude and phase. Even small changes in these initial parameters can lead to the considerable changes in the behavior or breather clusters.
Studies on Highly Porous Graphene-Like Structures as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Shchegolkov Alexandr V. , Chayka Mikhail , Galunin Evgeny V. , Shchegolkov Alexey V. , Memetov Nariman R. , Tkachev Alexey G.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents studies on highly porous graphene-like structures as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The experimental research was performed in inorganic (3 M sulfuric acid) and organic (1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile) electrolytes. It was found that in the inorganic medium the electrodes made on the basis of graphene-like structures possess higher specific capacitance. When increasing the potential scan rate from 5 to 100 mV/s the “electrode-electrolyte” system lost 40-80% of the capacitance. The cyclic current-voltage curves obtained for the organic electrolyte were more strongly distorted when increasing the potential scan rate, which might be related to more severe transport limitations imposed on large organic ions.
Search the Hard Magnetic Tetrataenite Phase in the Fragments of Chelyabinsk Meteorite
Authors: Taskaev Sergey , Skokov Konstantin , Karpenkov Dmitriy , Semenova Elena M. , Khovaylo Vladimir V. , Dudorov Aleksander E. , Kocherov Andrey
Published: March 2016

Few Fe-Ni particles with composition close 50:50 were found by EDX and SEM investigations in the fragment of Chelyabinsk meteorite. These inclusions were extracted and magnetic domains were observed with the help of sol-gel method. No hard magnetic particles with tetragonal L10 crystal structure (tetrataenite) were detected.
Microstructure Transformation under Itinerant-Electron Metamagnetic Transition in LaFe11.6Si1.4
Authors: Karpenkov Alexey , Skokov Konstantin , Karpenkov Dmitriy , Balbikhina Oksana V. , Semenova Elena M. , Kuznetsova Yulia V. , Taskaev Sergey V.
Published: March 2016

The microstructure of LaFe11.6Si1.4 compound under itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition was investigated by means of optical microscopy. It was found that the field-induced phase transition observed in LaFe11.6Si1.4 compound preceded via nucleation and growth of the ferromagnetic phase.
Micro- and Nanostructures of RCoCuFeZr Heterogeneous Alloys with High Temperature Stability
Authors: Semenova Elena M. , Lyakhova M.B. , Ivanova A.I. , Ulyanov Maxim N.
Published: March 2016

The study of microstructures and nanostructures of RCoCuFeZr (R=Sm, Gd) heterogeneous alloys at different stages of the thermal treatments were carried out. All samples in high coercivity condition consist of three types of micro-sized areas with different chemical composition 1:5 (A), 2:17 (B) and Zr-rich (C). In the process of heat treatment, the alloys pass through several stages of formation of nanostructures: from homogeneous (after high-temperature annealing) to a “cellular” structure (after aging at 800°C). The two main structural components A and B have similar nanostructure and the difference in their micromagnetic characteristics is determined by the chemical composition of the phases of the “cellular” structure.
Research of Changes of Value of Potential Barrier at the Metal/Polymer Interface during Phase Transitions in Metal
Authors: Chernov Pavel , Ponomarev Aleksandr , Lachinov Aleksei N.
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to the study of influence of the first-order phase transition in a metal (In) on changes in the metal/polymer potential barrier. The metal that undergoes the phase transition is not in direct contact with the polymer film. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics allows to calculate the changes in the magnitude of the metal/polymer potential barrier at the phase transitions in In.
Solid State Cooling Based on Elastocaloric Effect in Latex Rubber
Authors: Morozov Evgeny V. , Kuchin Dmitriy S. , Koledov Victor V. , Shavrov Vladimir G.
Published: March 2016

The elastocaloric effect (ECE) in latex rubber is experimentally investigated under periodic exposure to tensile force. ECE is measured as a function of elongation and frequency of cycles up to 4 Hz. It was found three ranges of the cycle frequencies in which the different thermodynamic processes were demonstrated: elastocaloric cooling, self-heating and decrease of ECE. The maximal measured value of ECE in latex rubber reached 14 K at relative deformation of the sample equal to 700% at frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 0.3 Hz. Also, the possibility of the practical use of latex rubber for elastocaloric based cooling is discussed.
Influence of the Surface on the Thermodynamic and Magnetic Properties of the Anisotropic Ising Model with Competing Interactions
Authors: Murtazaev Akai K. , Ibaev Zhavrail G.
Published: March 2016

The thermodynamic properties of nanoparticles with modulated magnetic ordering are studied by Monte-Carlo methods. Temperature dependences for main thermodynamic parameters are obtained. We present the characteristic modulated structures of nanoparticles and calculate the parameters of these structures. Modulated structures in nanoparticles are compared with macroscopic systems.
The flagellum and tempers of some male tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae)
Authors: Freitag Richard
Published: March 2016

The male flagellum of 32 North American tiger beetle (Cicindela Linnaeus; Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) species was examined with a scanning electron microscope for new, stable characters that might be useful in studies of taxonomy and functional morphology. Two sets of characters were observed, shape and size of the flagellum, and the form and distribution of tempers (micro teeth-like structures on the surface of the flagellum). These characteristics were surprisingly uniform for most species. It is inferred that the inner walls of the female spermatheca duct are gripped by the male flagellum, achieved either by flexing the inserted temper-free long flagellum, or direct insertion by the temper-covered short flagellum. It is proposed that an inverse relationship pattern exists between the elongate temper-free flagellum, and the temper-covered shorter flagellum.
Usp9X Is Required for Lymphocyte Activation and Homeostasis through Its Control of ZAP70 Ubiquitination and PKCβ Kinase Activity
Authors: Naik Edwina , Dixit Vishva M.
Published: March 2016

To achieve a durable adaptive immune response, lymphocytes must undergo clonal expansion and induce a survival program that enables the persistence of Ag-experienced cells and the development of memory. During the priming phase of this response, CD4+ T lymphocytes either remain tolerized or undergo clonal expansion. In this article, we show that Usp9X functions as a positive regulatory switch during T lymphocyte priming through removal of inhibitory monoubiquitination from ZAP70. In the absence of Usp9X, an increased amount of ZAP70 localized to early endosomes consistent with the role of monoubiquitin in endocytic sorting. Usp9X becomes competent to deubiquitinate ZAP70 through TCR-dependent phosphorylation and enhancement of its catalytic activity and association with the LAT signalosome. In B lymphocytes, Usp9X is required for the induction of PKCβ kinase activity after BCR-dependent activation. Accordingly, in Usp9X knockout B cells, there was a significant reduction in phospho-CARMA1 levels that resulted in reduced CARMA1/Bcl-10/MALT-1 complex formation and NF-κB–dependent cell survival. The pleiotropic effect of Usp9X during Ag-receptor signaling highlights its importance for the development of an effective and durable adaptive immune response.
Features of Lactobacillus sakei isolated from Italian sausages: focus on strains from Ventricina del Vastese
Authors: Amadoro Carmela , Rossi Franca , Piccirilli Michele , Colavita Giampaolo
Published: March 2016

In this study bacterial isolates from Ventricina del Vastese sausage, previously identified as Lactobacillus (L.) sakei, were characterised genotypically, physiologically and on the basis of some technologically relevant traits. A total of 70 L. sakei isolates from sausages manufactured with spontaneous fermentation in the same producing plant were taken into account. Six genotypic groups were distinguished on the basis of Rep-polymerase chain reaction with the GTG5 primer, some of which were found only in the sausages ripened at temperatures lower than 10°C for the first two months and lower than 16°C for the remaining three months, according to the traditional ripening process. Six strains were selected as representative of the genotypic profiles and further characterised. A high diversity in their fermentation profiles was observed, and different groups were separated on the basis of growth and acidifying capacity in meat extract. None of the strains produced histamine or tyramine in vitro. One strain was able to slightly inhibit Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and L. innocua and all six strains were able to slightly inhibit Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Ventricina del Vastese sausages in vitro. Results showed that most L. sakei strains can have a role in improving the safety of low acidity fermented sausages, even though a limited acidifying capacity was observed in a meat-like substrate, and that L. sakei strains able to produce biogenic amines are unlikely to occur in spontaneously fermented meat products.
Animal welfare: data from an online consultation
Authors: Sechi Paola , Baldinelli Chiara , Iulietto Maria F. , Cenci Goga Beniamino T.
Published: March 2016

This paper analyses data obtained from an online survey related to animal welfare and religious slaughter topics. The questionnaire was conducted with the purpose of examining the purchase behaviour of a group of consumers (with different religious orientation) and their views on animal protection and ritual slaughter. The main results of the consultation were two. The first evidenced the respondents’ great interest about the question on animal welfare, which is in accordance with the growing interest of European citizens concerning this issue. The second was the demand for a more transparent labelling of animal products, which would also reflect animal welfare and the slaughter method used. These results are in contrast with marketing analysis, which finds that consumers want to only receive positive information. Paradoxically, the more information is transmitted to reassure consumers, the higher is the risk to alarm them.
The use of the ascorbic acid as food additive and technical-legal issues
Authors: Varvara Michele , Bozzo Giancarlo , Disanto Chiara , Pagliarone Cosimo Nicola , Celano Gaetano Vitale
Published: March 2016

Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), is an organic compound belonging to the family of monosaccharides. It is highly soluble in water, and is often called one of the secrets of the Mediterranean diet. Important is also the spread of its use in the food industry, which has always exploits the ability antioxidants and stabilizers. Many indeed are the additive formulations that take advantage of these properties of ascorbic acid. The purpose of this paper is to explain the characteristics that make ascorbic acid an important food additive and to emphasize the technical and legal issues related to its use in food productions. In particular, in the course of this employment, laws and scientific studies have been applied to the resolution of a lawsuit, having as its object the use of ascorbic acid in preparations of ground beef sold at a butcher shop. The views expressed in court by the technical consultant have led to the acquittal of the accused, in the light of the demonstrated and proven non-toxicity of the molecule and the use of a mixture of additives for the production of sausage. The European and national legislation, supported by numerous scientific studies, define the possible use of ascorbic acid according to the principle of "quantum satis " and it can be used in foods for children. Our work aims to represent further evidence of the safety of use of ascorbic acid as a food additive and as confirmed by this legal decision, he wants to bring out the prospects for use of ascorbic acid for technological purposes even by registered establishments.
Survey on animal welfare in 943 Italian dairy farms
Authors: Peli Angelo , Pietra Marco , Giacometti Federica , Mazzi Antonella , Scacco Gianluca , Serraino Andrea , Scagliarini Lorenzo
Published: March 2016

The final results of a survey on welfare of dairy cows in 7 Italian Regions are presented. The study has been performed on 943 farms in southern and central Italy to highlight critical and strong points concerning animal welfare in dairy systems, by using direct and indirect criteria. To assess animal welfare, a check-list based on 303 parameters has been used; indirect criteria have been organized in 5 general areas concerning “Farm management”, “Farming and housing systems”, “Environment”, “Feeding”, “Health and hygiene”; other resource-based criteria were considered in 5 specific areasfor the different productive categories (lactating cows, dry cows, pregnant heifers, cows comeback, calves up to 8 weeks and calves between 8 weeks and 6 months); finally, an “Indicators” section focusedon animal based criteria. Parameters have been valued as “conforming” or “not conforming” on the basis of the current lesgislation on animal welfare, and in the other cases by the use of a semi-quantitative scale such as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good” or “very good”, referring to scientific literature and reports by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Animal Health and Animal Welfare (AHAW) panel. Among the 249 examined parameters (54 criteria have been valued as “descriptive”), 15 showed a failure prevalence inferior to 1%; for the remaining parameters, the overall noncompliance prevalence on the whole sample ranged from a maximum of 67% to a minimum of 2%, showing an inverse proportionality correlation with the herd size. 110 parameters were judged as “poor” (96) or “not in compliance” with the rules in force (14) in more than 10% of the examined herds. The most common non-compliance aspects detected in the different areas concern calves management, staff training and prophylaxis programs; staff training levels were inversely related to failure prevalences in almost all areas. The combination of direct and indirect criteria has allowed to fully embrace recommendations on the use of animal based measures for the assessment of animal welfare, as accepted into the strategic Plan for the EU animal welfare for 2012-2015.
Epipelon dynamics in a shallow lake through a turbid-and a clear- water regime
Authors: Cano María G. , Casco María A. , Claps María C.
Published: March 2016

In Pampean lakes, very little information is available on epipelon structure and dynamics or the effect of environmental variables on those parameters. We anticipate that light may have the greatest influence on this community and that the nutrient concentration and substrate instability may exert secondary effects. Our objective was to analyze variations in descriptive parameters and in the algal species composition of the epipelon in the Pampean Lake Lacombe over space and time to establish the most influential environmental forces (light climate, wave action, nutrients). Sediment was collected from the benthos with a 3.5-cm-diameter corer in a year-round sampling every month at four sites in the lake that differed from each other in depth, distance from the shore, and the presence of emergent and submerged macrophytes. Although Lacombe is a shallow lake, differences occurred in community descriptive variables and in the epipelon composition (especially diatoms) over space and time. In particular, differences between the site nearest to the shore and the rest of the sites were found with respect to environmental variables (sediment-particle size, total phosphorus, organic matter content, light climate), epipelon descriptive parameters (abundance, chlorophyll a and Margalef’s index) and epipelon composition (especially specific biovolume and diatom-size classes). The epipelon also reflected, though slightly, the change from the turbid- to clear-water states in the lake. Sediment erosion or deposition was evidenced by differences in the sediment-particle composition and the predominant particle-size classes at each site. Statistical analyses indicated linear correlations between the epipelon parameters and variables related to the light climate in the water column. Conductivity and sediment total phosphorus and density were also correlated, but to a lesser extent, with epipelon composition. The epipelon variations in Lacombe Lake would exemplify the reference communities developed during clear or turbid regimes in Pampean shallow lakes. We found evidence for the influence of light climate and wave action (through instability of the substrate) on this community, but the effect of nutrients was negligible. We emphasize that the close relationships maintained by the epipelon with other communities such as the phytoplankton and the epiphyton may superimpose the patterns of variation to those communities onto the epipelon dynamics.
Mozingo Studies I. Ice phenology and limnological legacies in a mid-continental reservoir
Authors: Haberyan Kurt A.
Published: March 2016

Long-term, integrated records of limnology are rare in the central United States.  Mozingo Lake is a reservoir in northwestern Missouri that was sampled regularly since its creation in 1994.  Physical data were collected during 121 visits and compared to meteorological observations. July hypolimnetic temperatures have risen rapidly (2.4°C / decade: P=0.037), suggesting weakened summer stratification in the future.  Winter conditions were rarely correlated with lake conditions in the following July; the exception is July epilimnion temperature, which correlated with ice-over date, January hypolimnion temperature, and ice duration (P=0.006, 0.010, and 0.024).  In contrast, winter ice-over date was best correlated with air temperature in the preceding July (P=0.006); other factors were not significantly correlated, including fall air temperatures, July epilimnion temperatures, and October water column temperatures. Analysis of air temperatures preceding ice-over revealed that the strongest correlation was with a 68-day average air temperature of 4.8°C. July air temperatures, along with ice-over date, correlated with January ice thickness and ice duration (P=0.014 and 0.001, respectively). This suggests that a warm July is associated with a mild winter, a relationship confirmed by a significant correlation (P=0.011). Ice thickness, ice duration, and ice-out date also correlated with winter air temperature (P≤0.003 for each). It therefore appears that summer conditions influence winter conditions which, in turn, influence certain lake conditions in the following summer; this observation indicates that winter conditions may not reset physical parameters in lakes.  Legacies thus may span various intervals, ranging from a week to a year or more.  Although the Mozingo Lake record is brief (20 years), it suggests directions for longer-term studies.  Multi-year legacy effects have rarely been documented, but in Mozingo Lake they suggest that a single strong climatic anomaly may affect the lake for several years.  
Erratum - Assessing the effects of climate and volcanism on diatom and chironomid assemblages in an Andean lake near Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Michelutti Neal , Lemmen Jillian L. , Cooke Colin A. , Hobbs William O. , Wolfe Alexander P. , Smol John P.
Published: March 2016

This corrects the article entitled “Assessing the effects of climate and volcanism on diatom and chironomid assemblages in an Andean lake near Quito, Ecuador” by the authors Neal Michelutti, Jillian L. Lemmen, Colin A. Cooke, William O. Hobbs, Alexander P. Wolfe, Joshua Kurek, John P. Smol, published with DOI 10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1323. The map in Fig. 1 was incorrectly labelled and the correct version of Fig. 1 is presented below.
Custom made profile projector: A new, innovative, and economical way to evaluation of tooth enamel loss after acid etching: An in vitro study
Authors: Patil Harshal Ashok , Chitko Shrikant S. , Kerudi Veerendra V. , Patil Neeraj S. , Maheshwari Amit , Singh Ruchika
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the loss of tooth enamel after acid etching using a custom made profile projector (×100).

Materials and Methods

Twenty human extracted maxillary and mandibular premolars were collected, and each tooth was mounted on an acrylic block (2 cm × 1 cm) along with a 0.8 mm stainless steel wire partially embedded in acrylic in front of the buccal surface of the teeth. The 0.8 mm wire was used for reference; the image appeared on the projection screen was 80 mm implying that magnification ×100 has been achieved. Fabrication of custom made profile projector followed the principles of optics. Two projections of each sample before and after etching were projected. The projection was recorded using tracing paper. The difference between the two tracings before and after etching was measured using a millimeter scale. This reading was converted into microns, i.e., 1 mm = 10 μ.

Results

The statistical method used for this study is a measure of central tendency. The research shows that the average enamel loss was around 15.25 microns. The median is a value at the midpoint of the group, and median for enamel loss is 15 μ Mode for enamel loss is 15 μ that means most frequent or most repetitive enamel loss is 15 μ. The maximum enamel loss was 25 μ, and minimum of that was 10 μ.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that etching enamel with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s loses 15 μ of surface enamel using an economical and efficient custom made profile projector.
Chain’s dual separator
Authors: Seth Priyank , Chain Stephen , Tan Kenneth , Chaudhri Asutosh
Published: March 2016

Separation is necessary for the placement of bands on tooth. Sometimes, it is difficult in the placement and adjustment. This article provides a quick and easy method for separation of teeth with a single device and avoids many problems associated with other separators.
A Unique Procedure to Identify Cell Surface Markers through a Spherical Self-Organizing Map Applied to DNA Microarray Analysis
Authors: Sugli Yuh , Kasai Tomonari , Ikeda Masashi , Vaidyanath Arun , Kumon Kazuki , Mizutani Akifumi , Seno Akimasa , Tokutaka Heizo , Kudoh Takayuki , Seno Masaharu
Published: March 2016

To identify cell-specific markers, we designed a DNA microarray platform with oligonucleotide probes for human membrane-anchored proteins. Human glioma cell lines were analyzed using microarray and compared with normal and fetal brain tissues. For the microarray analysis, we employed a spherical self-organizing map, which is a clustering method suitable for the conversion of multidimensional data into two-dimensional data and displays the relationship on a spherical surface. Based on the gene expression profile, the cell surface characteristics were successfully mirrored onto the spherical surface, thereby distinguishing normal brain tissue from the disease model based on the strength of gene expression. The clustered glioma-specific genes were further analyzed by polymerase chain reaction procedure and immunocytochemical staining of glioma cells. Our platform and the following procedure were successfully demonstrated to categorize the genes coding for cell surface proteins that are specific to glioma cells. Our assessment demonstrates that a spherical self-organizing map is a valuable tool for distinguishing cell surface markers and can be employed in marker discovery studies for the treatment of cancer.
Закон нуля или единицы для случайных подграфов некоторых дистанционных графов с вершинами в $\mathbb Z^n$
Authors: Popova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: March 2016

Изучается закон нуля или единицы для модели случайных дистанционных графов с вершинами в $\mathbb Z^n$. Даются достаточные условия для того, чтобы последовательность случайных дистанционных графов подчинялась закону нуля или единицы, а также условия, при которых можно выбрать подпоследовательность, подчиняющуюся закону нуля или единицы.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Задача Неймана для эллиптических уравнений с многомасштабными коэффициентами: операторные оценки усреднения
Authors: Pastukhova Svetlana Evgenievna
Published: March 2016

Доказана $L^2$-оценка усреднения для эллиптического оператора $A_\varepsilon$ в области $\Omega$ с краевым условием Неймана на границе $\partial\Omega$. Коэффициенты оператора $A_\varepsilon$ быстро осциллируют по разным группам переменных с периодами разных порядков малости при $\varepsilon\to 0$. Предполагается минимальная регулярность данных, что позволяет придать результату смысл оценки в операторной $(L^2(\Omega)\to L^2(\Omega))$-норме для разности резольвент исходной и усредненной задач. Найдена также аппроксимация резольвенты исходной задачи в операторной $(L^2(\Omega)\to H^1(\Omega))$-норме.
Библиография: 24 названия.
Приближение наипростейшими дробями с ограничением на полюсы. II
Authors: Borodin Petr Anatolevich
Published: March 2016

Доказывается, что если не разбивающий комплексную плоскость ${\mathbb C}$ компакт $K$ лежит в объединении $\widehat{E}\setminus E$ ограниченных компонент дополнения к другому компакту $E$, то наипростейшие дроби (логарифмические производные многочленов) с полюсами из $E$ плотны в пространстве
$AC(K)$ функций, непрерывных на компакте $K$ и аналитических в его внутренних точках. Доказывается также, что если не разбивающий плоскость компакт $K$ лежит в дополнении ${\mathbb C}\setminus
\overline{D}$ к замыканию двусвязной области $D\subset \overline{\mathbb C}$ с ограниченными компонентами связности границы $E^+$ и $E^-$, то разности $r_1- r_2$ наипростейших дробей,
у которых полюсы $r_1$ лежат на $E^+$, а полюсы $r_2$ - на $E^-$, плотны в пространстве $AC(K)$.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Автоморфизмы трехмерных многообразий, представимых в виде пересечения двух квадрик
Authors: Avilov Artem Alexeevich
Published: March 2016

Доказывается, что все трехмерные $G$-многообразия дель Пеццо степени 4 за исключением однопараметрического семейства и четырех выделенных случаев эквивариантно перестраиваются в проективное пространство $\mathbb P^3$, квадрику $Q\subset\mathbb P^4$, $G$-расслоение на коники
или поверхности дель Пеццо. Также мы покажем, что одно из четырех выделенных многообразий является бирационально жестким относительно подгруппы в группе автоморфизмов индекса 2.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Coded continuous wave meteor radar
Authors: Vierinen Juha , Chau Jorge L. , Pfeffer Nico , Clahsen Matthias , Stober Gunter
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The concept of a coded continuous wave specular meteor radar (SMR) is described. The radar uses a continuously transmitted pseudorandom phase-modulated waveform, which has several advantages compared to conventional pulsed SMRs. The coding avoids range and Doppler aliasing, which are in some cases problematic with pulsed radars. Continuous transmissions maximize pulse compression gain, allowing operation at lower peak power than a pulsed system. With continuous coding, the temporal and spectral resolution are not dependent on the transmit waveform and they can be fairly flexibly changed after performing a measurement. The low signal-to-noise ratio before pulse compression, combined with independent pseudorandom transmit waveforms, allows multiple geographically separated transmitters to be used in the same frequency band simultaneously without significantly interfering with each other. Because the same frequency band can be used by multiple transmitters, the same interferometric receiver antennas can be used to receive multiple transmitters at the same time. The principles of the signal processing are discussed, in addition to discussion of several practical ways to increase computation speed, and how to optimally detect meteor echoes. Measurements from a campaign performed with a coded continuous wave SMR are shown and compared with two standard pulsed SMR measurements. The type of meteor radar described in this paper would be suited for use in a large-scale multi-static network of meteor radar transmitters and receivers. Such a system would be useful for increasing the number of meteor detections to obtain improved meteor radar data products.
Searching for an optimized single-objective function matching multiple objectives with automatic calibration of hydrological models
Authors: Tian Fuqiang , Sun Yu , Hu Hongchang , Li Hongyi
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In the calibration of hydrological models, evaluation criteria are explicitly and quantitatively defined as single- or multi-objective functions when utilizing automatic calibration approaches. In most previous studies, there is a general opinion that no single-objective function can represent all of the important characteristics of even one specific kind of hydrological variable (e.g., streamflow). Thus hydrologists must turn to multi-objective calibration. In this study, we demonstrated that an optimized single-objective function can compromise multi-response modes (i.e., multi-objective functions) of the hydrograph, which is defined as summation of a power function of the absolute error between observed and simulated streamflow with the exponent of power function optimized for specific watersheds. The new objective function was applied to 196 model parameter estimation experiment (MOPEX) watersheds across the eastern United States using the semi-distributed Xinanjiang hydrological model. The optimized exponent value for each watershed was obtained by targeting four popular objective functions focusing on peak flows, low flows, water balance, and flashiness, respectively. The results showed that the optimized single-objective function can achieve a better hydrograph simulation compared to the traditional single-objective function Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for most watersheds, and balance high flow part and low flow part of the hydrograph without substantial differences compared to multi-objective calibration. The proposed optimal single-objective function can be practically adopted in the hydrological modeling if the optimal exponent value could be determined a priori according to hydrological/climatic/landscape characteristics in a specific watershed. This is, however, left for future study.
The acquisition of Spanish pronunciation by Welsh learners: transfer from a regional variety of English into SpanishThe acquisition of Spanish pronunciation by Welsh learners: transfer from a regional variety of English into Spanish
Authors: Herrero de Haro Alfredo
Published: March 2016

Language teachers agree that the phonetic/phonological distance between a learner’s L1 and L2 is of vital importance in mastering the sounds of the L2; however, no attention is given to the phonetic/phonological distance between the regional variety of the speaker’s L1 and the L2. After comparing linguistic peculiarities of English, and of Welsh English in particular, with Castilian Spanish, the author proceeds to study the interlanguage of advanced students of Spanish from Wales. This helps to explain positive and negative transfer from this variety of English into Spanish and assists in producing a catalogue of the interferences to be corrected. Finally, using coarticulatory processes, the author presents a list of exercises to eliminate some of the interferences found in Welsh learners of Spanish. A descriptive analysis of the learners’ interlanguage shows that the phonetic/phonological distance between the regional variety of the speaker’s L1 and the L2 is what will influence this learning process the most.
Argumentación e imagen periodística en la evaluación axiológica del desempeño de la función pública
Authors: Porto López Pablo , Santibáñez Cristián
Published: March 2016

En este trabajo proponemos un análisis multimodal del discurso argumentativo periodístico que combina imagen y componente verbal. Se analizan dos casos de noticias internacionales que han causado revuelo internacional. Las herramientas metodológicas utilizadas provienen de la teoría argumentativa contemporánea, el análisis semiótico-discursivo y la gramática funcional para el análisis de imágenes. El análisis nos permitirá concluir que, cuando los intereses socio-económicos corporativos de la compañía periodística se ven afectados por alguna razón, las líneas editoriales despliegan una posición argumentativa tajante y una estrategia sutil y elaborada desde la perspectiva semiótica y estética. Cuando se trata de evaluar y controlar el desempeño de la función pública, la imagen periodística toma el aparente rol del ciudadano crítico.
With Regard to the Chromic Luvisols in Romania
Authors: Stănilă Anca-Luiza
Published: March 2016

There are many written reports concerning the formation and the distribution of chromic luvisols of Romania. In many cases it cases it has been apreciated the fact that their presence would due to some specific condition, the stress being focused on the Mediterranean nuance of climate.Newer pedological studies show that these soils have a distribution area more restrained.           In fact they appear within some narrow interfluves or marginal stripes of some well drained interfluves formed at their surface of loess or loess-like deposits.A major role in their formation is that soil climate expressed by a definitive hydrical regime, probably an alternotranspercolative one.The colour intensity seems to be influenced both by the hydration state of iron and of iron content of parent material. Iron hydroxide suffers a rapid dehydration under prolonged drought condition of soil; they turn into rusty sesquioxides of goethite type, hydrohematite type, inducing to the soil the reddish brown colour.In a more recent work N. Florea and M. Cicotti (1976) stated that chromic luvisols should not be regarded as a zona structured soil formed in the current area, but as a largely inherited, developed under different climates.
Del feminismo post colonial al dialógico. Implicaciones para construir una cultura de paz
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly Estela , Vilchez Mayela Josefina
Published: March 2016

La cultura de paz en positivo está relacionada con la práctica de valores de amor, respeto, tolerancia, honestidad y equidad. No se puede ejercer paz en positivo cuando existe injusticia, cuando se carece de condiciones básicas para el desarrollo personal, cuando son “otras voces” las que se consideran poseedoras del conocimiento absoluto. Esta investigación, de carácter documental-descriptivo, intenta demostrar la vinculación entre la problemática de género, vista como una construcción social, donde confluyen la cultura, y las relaciones de poder, y los esfuerzos realizados en nuestro continente por alcanzar la cultura de paz. Se realiza una interpretación crítica del feminismo, su devenir histórico desde la época postcolonial, hasta su concreción actual en el llamado “feminismo dialógico”; y la relación con el discurso y la paz. El feminismo dialógico es una propuesta que estimula el diálogo, la inclusión y el entendimiento para fortalecer la cultura de paz. Nicaragua es testimonio.
What Do Teachers Need toSupport English Learners?
Authors: Gómez Marjorie N. , Diarrassouba Nagnon
Published: March 2016

This study explored K-8 teachers’ perceptions of their preparation and the challenges they encountered in delivering instruction to culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Using a mixed method research design, data were collected through a web-based survey from teachers in the state of Michigan. Researchers used chi-square tests to investigate the relationship between teachers’ preparation and their knowledge of their diverse learners’ learning needs. Qualitative comments were examined, organized, and summarized to illustrate key themes in each question under study. Findings revealed that teachers’ perceptions of their preparation to teach linguistically and culturally diverse students were correlated with cultural diversity or lack of cultural diversity in their classrooms. Whereas teachers stated they felt prepared to teach heterogeneous classes, they encountered challenges in delivering instruction to English learners. In addition, teachers stated that cultural awareness training did not adequately prepare them to integrate cultural elements in their daily instructional practices.