bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Word Frequency and Word Probability on Speech Rhythm in Dysarthria
Authors: Eijk Lotte , Fletcher Annalise , McAuliffe Megan , Janse Esther
Published: August 2020

Purpose

In healthy speakers, the more frequent and probable a word is in its context, the shorter the word tends to be. This study investigated whether these probabilistic effects were similarly sized for speakers with dysarthria of different severities.

Method

Fifty-six speakers of New Zealand English (42 speakers with dysarthria and 14 healthy speakers) were recorded reading the Grandfather Passage. Measurements of word duration, frequency, and transitional word probability were taken.

Results

As hypothesized, words with a higher frequency and probability tended to be shorter in duration. There was also a significant interaction between word frequency and speech severity. This indicated that the more severe the dysarthria, the smaller the effects of word frequency on speakers' word durations. Transitional word probability also interacted with speech severity, but did not account for significant unique variance in the full model.

Conclusions

These results suggest that, as the severity of dysarthria increases, the duration of words is less affected by probabilistic variables. These findings may be due to reductions in the control and execution of muscle movement exhibited by speakers with dysarthria.
Longitudinal Growth in Intelligibility of Connected Speech From 2 to 8 Years in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Novel Bayesian Approach
Authors: Mahr Tristan J. , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine C.
Published: August 2020

Aim

The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal growth in intelligibility in connected speech from 2 to 8 years of age in children with cerebral palsy.

Method

Sixty-five children with cerebral palsy participated in the longitudinal study. Children were classified into speech-language profile groups using age-4 data: no speech motor impairment (SMI), SMI with typical language comprehension, and SMI with impaired language comprehension. We fit a Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects model of intelligibility growth at the child and group levels. We compared groups by age of steepest growth, maximum growth rate, and predicted intelligibility at 8 years of age.

Results

The no SMI group showed earlier and steeper intelligibility growth and higher average outcomes compared to the SMI groups. The SMI groups had more variable growth trajectories, but the SMI with typical language comprehension group had higher age-8 outcomes and steeper rates of maximum growth than the SMI with impaired language comprehension group. Language comprehension impairment at age of 4 years predicted lower intelligibility outcomes at age of 8 years, compared to typical language at age of 4 years.

Interpretation

Children with SMI at age of 4 years show highly variable intelligibility growth trajectories, and comorbid language comprehension impairment predicts lower intelligibility outcomes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12777659
Occurrence rate of exoplanets orbiting ultracool dwarfs as probed by K2
Authors: Sestovic Marko , Demory Brice-Olivier
Published: August 2020

Context. With the discovery of a planetary system around the ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1, there has been a surge of interest in such stars as potential planet hosts. Planetary systems around ultracool dwarfs represent our best chance of characterising temperate rocky-planet atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope. However, TRAPPIST-1 remains the only known system of its kind and the occurrence rate of planets around ultracool dwarfs is still poorly constrained.

Aims. We seek to perform a complete transit search on the ultracool dwarfs observed by NASA’s K2 mission, and use the results to constrain the occurrence rate of planets around these stars.

Methods. We filter and characterise the sample of ultracool dwarfs observed by K2 by fitting their spectral energy distributions and using parallaxes from Gaia. We build an automatic pipeline to perform photometry, detrend the light curves, and search for transit signals. Using extensive injection-recovery tests of our pipeline, we compute the detection sensitivity of our search, and thus the completeness of our sample. We infer the planetary occurrence rates within a hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) to treat uncertain planetary parameters. With the occurrence rate parametrised by a step-wise function, we present a convenient way to directly marginalise over the second level of our HBM (the planetary parameters). Our method is applicable generally and can greatly speed up inference with larger catalogues of detected planets.

Results. We detect one planet in our sample of 702 ultracool dwarfs: a previously validated mini-Neptune. We thus infer a mini-Neptune (2−4 R⊕) occurrence rate of η = 0.20−0.11+0.16 within orbital periods of 1−20 days. For super-Earths (1−2 R⊕) and ice or gas giants (4−6 R⊕) within 1−20 days, we place 95% credible intervals of η < 1.14 and η < 0.29, respectively. If TRAPPIST-1-like systems were ubiquitous, we would have a ~96% chance of finding at least one.
Der Notarzt in der praktischen Ausbildung und Prüfung
Authors: Flentje Markus , Eismann Hendrik
Published: August 2020

Die Herausforderung des Notarztes kann nicht auf die Durchführung medizinischer Maßnahmen am Patienten reduziert werden. Der Notarzt wirkt auch als Experte in der Ausbildung von medizinischem Nachwuchspersonal mit. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den didaktischen Hintergründen zu Ausbildung und Prüfung und ermöglicht es dem Notarzt, diesen Aufgaben professionell gerecht zu werden. Dies kann zu einer höheren Effizienz und Zufriedenheit bei Ausbilder und Auszubildenden führen.
Stärkung der immunologischen Abwehr durch Kneipp’sche Hydrotherapie und Sauna
Authors: Brenke Rainer
Published: August 2020

Grippale Infekte werden durch Kälte, Trockenheit, Immundefekte, schlechte Durchblutung und fehlende Abhärtung begünstigt. Gerade in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie steigt in der Bevölkerung wieder das Interesse an der Reduzierung der eigenen Infektanfälligkeit – Abhärtung soll die Gesundheit stabilisieren. Studien zeigen, dass thermische Reize zur Stärkung des Immunsystems am effektivsten sind. Der wichtigste Effekt der Abhärtung ist eine verbesserte Durchblutungsregulation von Haut und Schleimhäuten, denn für die Abwehr von Atemwegsinfektionen ist eine intakte Schleimhautbarriere entscheidend. Am besten untersucht ist hierbei der Gang in die Sauna: Die Funktion des Flimmerepithels wird durch Saunieren verbessert und es gibt einen direkten thermischen Effekt auf die Viren. Die Befunde mehren sich, dass auch Kälte einen positiven Einfluss auf das Immunsystem hat. Kaltreize verbessern immunologische Parameter im Blut. Analog der Ordnungstherapie nach Kneipp führt die Hydrotherapie auch zu sekundären Vorteilen der Stärkung der Immunabwehr.
Homöopathische Behandlung bei Epidemien und COVID-19
Authors: Keim Ulrike
Published: August 2020

Was haben Richard Wagner, Prinz Charles und der Hofprediger des Stephansdoms Pater Johann Emanuel Veith gemeinsam? Sie alle waren von historischen Epidemien betroffen und wurden dabei homöopathisch behandelt. Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Anwendung homöopathischer Mittel bei Epidemien vom 18. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert: Bei jeder großen Epidemie haben Homöopathen die wichtigsten Mittel herausgefunden und anhand Hahnemanns Grundlagenwerk „Organon der Heilkunst“ gehandelt. Die Erfahrungen Hahnemanns mit Epidemien und die entsprechenden Handlungsanweisungen finden sich in zahlreichen Paragrafen des Organons. Er empfahl, jede Epidemie wie ein Individuum zu begreifen und dafür das passende, homöopathische Mittel zu suchen, das der Symptomen-Totalität ähnlich ist. Hahnemann prägte dafür den Begriff „Genius epidemicus“. Der Beitrag versucht, für die aktuelle Corona-Pandemie die weltweit gefundenen wirksamsten Mittel gegen COVID-19 zusammenzustellen, sowohl prophylaktisch als auch therapeutisch für die verschiedenen Stadien der Erkrankung. Es soll ein Mittelpool zur Verfügung stehen, damit Homöopathen weltweit in der weiteren Ausbreitung des Corona-Virus sicherer verschreiben können.
COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Die aktuelle Lage in der Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Dziodzio Tomasz , Hillebrandt Karl-Herbert , Knitter Sebastian , Ritschl Paul Viktor , Jara Maximilian , Nösser Maximilian , Elsner Aron , Öllinger Robert , Pratschke Johann , Rückert Jens-Carsten , Neudecker Jens
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Die Thoraxchirurgie ist im Alltag durch die COVID-19-Pandemie mit neuen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Gegenwärtig werden unterschiedliche Konzepte und Empfehlungen verfolgt, um unsere Patienten/-innen und uns selbst zu schützen. Wie diese im Einzelnen umgesetzt werden, kann jedoch aufgrund der bestehenden Infrastruktur, der lokalen Gegebenheiten sowie aufgrund hauseigener Verfahrensanweisungen unterschiedlich sein.

Material und Methoden Im Zeitraum von 11.05. bis 26.05.2020 wurde eine Onlineumfrage an deutschen thoraxchirurgischen Einrichtungen zum Thema COVID-19 durchgeführt. Der Fragenkatalog bestand aus 16 Fragen zu den lokalen Fallzahlen, den Schutzmaßnahmen, Verfahrensanweisungen und Behandlungskonzepten. Die Ergebnisse wurden zusammengefasst, deskriptiv analysiert und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Unter den 66 Antworten (Antwortrate: 42,6%) kamen 23 (34,8%) aus Schwerpunktkrankenhäusern, 18 (27,3%) aus Krankenhäusern der Maximalversorgung und 14 (21,2%) aus Universitätskliniken. In 65 (99%) der Kliniken wurden COVID-19-positive Patienten behandelt und in 39,9% der Kliniken auch operiert. Die Untersuchung der Patienten auf COVID-19 erfolgte in 95,4% der Kliniken durch nasopharyngealen Abstrich. In 71,2% der Kliniken wurde die chirurgische Behandlung durch das Testergebnis beeinflusst. Eine generelle Erweiterung der Standardschutzausrüstung um FFP2-Masken und Augenschutz für thoraxchirurgische Operationen während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde in 59,1% der Kliniken durchgeführt.

Diskussion In fast allen thoraxchirurgischen Einrichtungen wurden Patienten mit COVID-19 behandelt und in nahezu der Hälfte der Kliniken wurde mindestens ein COVID-19-positiver Patient operiert. Es zeigten sich teilweise deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Kliniken hinsichtlich der Verfahrensanweisungen, der Auswirkungen auf Behandlungsentscheidungen und des Patienten-Arzt-Kontaktes durch COVID-19.
La-vie-vécue – Das gelebte Leben des Horst Kächele (1944–2020)
Authors: Strauß Bernhard , Koch Uwe
Published: August 2020

La-vie-vécue war der Titel von Horst Kächeles privater Webseite, von
einer seiner begabten Töchter gestaltet. Sie erlaubte den Zugang zu seinen
vielfältigen Werken in Form von Schriften, Bildern, Debatten, Vorträgen
und „Geschichten hinter den Kulissen“. „Wer zählt die
Sprachen, wer die Länder...“ war auch ein
Begrüßungsspruch auf dieser Webseite und in der Tat, er war ein
vielgereister, umtriebiger in seinen Dingen, der Psychotherapie, der Psychoanalyse, der
Psychotherapieforschung. Sein Lehrbuch der psychoanalytischen Therapie, mit Helmut
Thomä verfasst, wurde mittlerweile in viele, viele Sprachen (die Angaben
rangieren zwischen 16 und 23) übersetzt.
Parts per billion gas detection achieved with interferometric device
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2020

An integrated interferometer system uses refractive index changes to sense gas on the order of parts per billion.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the diffusion of self-interstitial atoms and interstitial loops under temperature gradient field in tungsten
Authors: Fang Jingzhong , Liu Lixia , Gao Ning , Hu Wangyu , Gao Fei , Deng Huiqiu
Published: August 2020

Tungsten (W) and W-based alloys are potential candidates for next-generation fusion reactors, which would withstand both irradiation damages and heavy heat load. In this work, we employed the molecular dynamic method to simulate the behaviors of different radiation defects under the effect of the temperature gradient field, which is induced by heat load. The rotation of the ⟨111⟩ dumbbell and habit plane of 1/2⟨111⟩ interstitial loops is analyzed in detail. The results show that these two behaviors are not significantly affected by the temperature gradient. Contrary to the thermal equilibrium state, temperature gradient results in the directional diffusion of ⟨111⟩ dumbbell and 1/2⟨111⟩ interstitial loops in tungsten from the cold to the hot region. The energy barrier is also reduced in the temperature gradient field, which accelerates the defect diffusion. These results indicate that the accumulation of radiation defects in the high-temperature region is expected in temperature gradient fields, which would lead to more severe radiation damages and degradation of materials.
Kinetics of autoxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron
Authors: Coleman Robert E. , Boulton Roger B. , Stuchebrukhov Alexei A.
Published: August 2020

The kinetics of the autoxidation reaction of tartaric acid in an air-saturated solution in the presence of Fe(II) show autocatalytic behavior with distinct initiation, propagation, and termination phases. The initiation phase, which involves activation of dissolved oxygen, decreases with increasing pH, over the test range of pH of 2.5–4.5, indicating that activation of oxygen is catalyzed by an Fe(II)–tartrate complex. The autocatalytic nature of this reaction indicates the presence of a catalytic intermediate that is produced during the initiation phase and regenerated during the propagation phase. The addition of catalase, as well as direct measurements, provided evidence of the presence and kinetic action of hydrogen peroxide as one of the intermediates. Direct addition of hydrogen peroxide resulted in shortening of the initiation stage and the propagation phase with similar rates as in the autoxidation reaction at low pH. The propagation is approximately a zero order reaction with respect to oxygen and iron. The kinetic analysis suggests that an intermediate catalytic complex(s) involving a ferryl ion (FeO2+) controls the rate of the propagation reaction. The Fe(III) formation shows autocatalytic behavior that mirrors the dissolved oxygen consumption patterns under all pH conditions studied. At pH values of 2.5 and 3.0, Fe(III) accumulated to a maximum, before it was partially consumed. This maximum coincided with the depletion of dissolved oxygen. The consumption of Fe(III), or the reduction of Fe(III) back to Fe(II), reflects the catalytic nature of Fe(II) and the essential role of tartaric acid in the initiation phase of Fenton’s original reaction.
A novel moving mesh method for solving fluid dynamic equations
Authors: Duan Xianbao , Qin Ling , Lu Junxiang
Published: August 2020

In this article, a novel moving finite elements method has been presented and applied to solve two typical fluid dynamic equations. Different from the existing methods, the moving direction and the distance of the nodes were obtained by solving a variable coefficient diffusion equation. By this method, neither the mapping of the region nor the smoothing of the monitoring function is needed. Therefore, the proposed method is easy to be implemented. Numerical examples show that the proposed method can move the nodes to the position where the solution changed drastically, and the resolution of numerical solutions has improved distinctly.
Wakes of rotorcraft in advancing flight: A large-eddy simulation study
Authors: Caprace Denis-Gabriel , Chatelain Philippe , Winckelmans Grégoire
Published: August 2020

We perform the large-eddy simulation of the flow past a helicopter rotor to support the investigation of rotorcraft wake characteristics and decay mechanisms. A hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian vortex particle–mesh method is employed to simulate the wake development with the blades modeled using immersed lifting lines. The validity of the numerical approach is first evaluated through a comparison of the rotor trim parameters with experimental results. Then, the rotor wake at low, medium, and high advance ratios is simulated up to 30 rotor diameters. The wake generation and roll-up are described (i) qualitatively using rotor polar plots and three-dimensional (3D) vortex dynamics visualizations and (ii) quantitatively using classical integral diagnostics in cross sections. The highly 3D unsteady near wake transitions to a system dominated by two parallel vortices over a distance that depends on the advance ratio. This process is accelerated by the multiple interactions between successive tip vortices, supporting the generation of self-induced turbulence and uncovering a mechanism of vorticity alignment along the streamwise axis. The vortices in the far wake are compared to typical aircraft ones and exhibit less compact cores and faster decaying energy. Finally, we illustrate the loss of time periodicity in the far wake using the power spectral density of the kinetic energy, and the backscattering of energy from high rotor harmonics to lower frequencies, as complementary evidence of the intense vortex interaction activity.
Magnetic field modeling with surface currents. Part II. Implementation and usage of bfieldtools
Authors: Zetter Rasmus , J. Mäkinen Antti , Iivanainen Joonas , Zevenhoven Koos C. J. , Ilmoniemi Risto J. , Parkkonen Lauri
Published: August 2020

We present a novel open-source Python software package, bfieldtools, for magneto-quasistatic calculations using current densities on surfaces of arbitrary shape. The core functionality of the software relies on a stream-function representation of surface-current density and its discretization on a triangle mesh. Although this stream-function technique is well known in certain fields, to date, the related software implementations have not been published or have been limited to specific applications. With bfieldtools, we aimed to produce a general, easy-to-use, and well-documented open-source software. The software package is written purely in Python; instead of explicitly using lower-level languages, we address computational bottlenecks through extensive vectorization and use of the NumPy library. The package enables easy deployment, rapid code development, and facilitates application of the software to practical problems. In this paper, we describe the software package and give an extensive demonstration of its use with an emphasis on one of its main applications—coil design.
Magnetic-field modeling with surface currents. Part I. Physical and computational principles of bfieldtools
Authors: Mäkinen Antti J. , Zetter Rasmus , Iivanainen Joonas , Zevenhoven Koos C. J. , Parkkonen Lauri , Ilmoniemi Risto J.
Published: August 2020

Surface currents provide a general way to model magnetic fields in source-free volumes. To facilitate the use of surface currents in magneto-quasistatic problems, we have implemented a set of computational tools in a Python package named bfieldtools. In this work, we describe the physical and computational principles of this toolset. To be able to work with surface currents of the arbitrary shape, we discretize the currents on triangle meshes using piecewise-linear stream functions. We apply analytical discretizations of integral equations to obtain the magnetic field and potentials associated with the discrete stream function. In addition, we describe the computation of the spherical multipole expansion and a novel surface-harmonic expansion for surface currents, both of which are useful for representing the magnetic field in source-free volumes with a small number of parameters. Lastly, we share examples related to magnetic shielding and the surface-coil design using the presented tools.
Nonlinear effects in high-intensity focused ultrasound power transfer systems
Authors: Bhargava Aarushi , Meesala Vamsi C. , Hajj Muhammad R. , Shahab Shima
Published: August 2020

In the context of wireless acoustic power transfer, high-intensity focused ultrasound technology aims at the reduction of spreading losses by concentrating the acoustic energy at a specific location. Experiments are performed to determine the impact of nonlinear wave propagation on the spatially resonant conditions in a focused ultrasonic power transfer system. An in-depth analysis is performed to explain experimental observations. The results show that the efficiency of energy transfer is reduced as nonlinear effects become more prominent. Furthermore, the maximum voltage output position shifts away from the focal point and closer to the transducer as the source strength is increased. The results and analysis are relevant to the development of efficient ultrasonic power transfer devices when using focused sources.
Photoluminescence of single gold nanorods following nonlinear excitation
Authors: Zhao Tian , Li Zehua , Park Kyoungweon , Vaia Richard A. , Knappenberger Kenneth L.
Published: August 2020

The photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms of gold nanorods following nonlinear excitation are described. Using single-particle nonlinear optical measurements, we compare PL signals resulting from both the plasmon-resonant and non-resonant excitations. In both cases, spectrally broad interband PL emission was observed. However, we also show that resonant excitation of the longitudinal plasmon mode leads to an increased photonic density of states at energies corresponding to the transverse plasmon resonance. This increased density of states is achieved by a multi-step mechanism, which is initiated by three-photon excitation and followed by an Auger relaxation process. Importantly, the results show that nonlinear excitation can lead to energy and polarization modulation of nanoparticle optical signals that are not observed using linear excitation. This work also demonstrates the effectiveness of single-nanoparticle PL studies for understanding how plasmon-resonant excitations can be used to modify hot carrier distributions.
Tongan socio-environmental spatial layers for marine ecosystem management
Authors: Smallhorn-West Patrick F. , Gordon Sophie E. , Dempsey Alexandra C. , Purkis Sam J. , Malimali Siola'a , Halafihi Tu'ikolongahau , Southgate Paul C. , Bridge Tom C. L. , Pressey Robert L. , Jones Geoffrey P.
Published: August 2020

Environmental conditions and anthropogenic impacts are key influences on ecological processes and associated ecosystem services. Effective management of Tonga’s marine ecosystems therefore depends on accurate and up-to-date knowledge of environmental and anthropogenic variables. Although many types of environmental and anthropogenic data are now available in global layers, they are often inaccessible to end users, particularly in developing countries with limited accessibility and analytical training. Furthermore, the resolution of many global layers might not be sufficient to make informed local decisions. Although the near-shore marine ecosystem of Tonga is extensive, the resources available for its management are limited, and little is known about its current ecological state. Here we provide a marine socio-environmental dataset covering Tonga’s near-shore marine ecosystem as compiled from various global layers, remote sensing projects, local ministries, and the 2016 national census. The dataset consists of 11 environmental and 6 anthropogenic variables summarised in ecologically relevant ways, spatially overlaid across the near-shore marine ecosystem of Tonga. The environmental variables selected include bathymetry, coral reef density, distance from deep water, distance from land, distance from major terrestrial inputs, habitat, land area, net primary productivity, salinity, sea surface temperature and wave energy. The anthropogenic variables selected include fishing pressure, management status, distance to fish markets, distance from villages, population pressure and a socioeconomic development index based on population density, growth, mean age, mean education level and unemployment. We hope this extensive and accessible dataset will be a useful tool for future assessment and management of marine ecosystems in Tonga.
(Sub)populations of extracellular vesicles released by TNF‐α –triggered human endothelial cells promote vascular inflammation and monocyte migration
Authors: Hosseinkhani Baharak , van den Akker Nynke M.S. , Molin Daniel G.M. , Michiels Luc
Published: August 2020

Substantial research has been devoted to discovering the translational potential of extracellular vesicles (EV) as a reliable liquid biopsy in the diagnosis and monitoring of several life‐affecting diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases (CID). So far, the role of EV in the development of CID remains largely unknown due to the lack of specific tools to separate the disease‐associated EV subtypes. Therefore, this study aims to fractionate inflammation‐associated EV (sub)populations using a two‐step separation strategy based on their size combined with a specific inflammatory marker (ICAM‐1) and to unravel their proteome signature and functional integrity at the onset of vascular inflammation.

Here, we report that vascular endothelial cells upon inflammation release two heterogeneous size‐based populations of EV (EV‐10 K and EV‐110 K) sharing a cocktail of inflammatory proteins, chemokines, and cytokines (chiefly: ICAM‐1, CCL‐2, CCL‐4, CCL‐5, IL‐8 and CXCL‐10). The co‐enrichment of ICAM‐1 and classical EV markers within these two size‐based populations gave us a promising opportunity to further separate the inflammation‐associated EV subpopulations, using an immuno‐affinity methodology. Protein profiling of EV subpopulations highlighted that the phenotypic state of inflamed endothelial cells is preferentially mirrored in secreted medium‐ and large‐sized ICAM‐1 (+) EV. As functional players, the smaller‐sized EV and especially their ICAM‐1 (+) EV subpopulation promote the migration of THP‐1 monocytes, whereas the large ICAM‐1 (+) EV were more potent to induce ICAM‐1 expression in recipient endothelial cells. This study provides new insights into the immunomodulatory content of inflammation‐associated EV (sub)populations and their functional contributions to the initiation of vascular inflammation (ICAM‐1 expression) and monocyte mobilization.
Multi-path synergic fusion deep neural network framework for breast mass classification using digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Wang Linjing , Zheng Chao , Chen Wentao , He Qiang , Li Xin , Zhang Shuxu , Qin Genggeng , Chen Weiguo , Wei Jun , Xie Peiliang , Zhou Linghong , Wang Xuetao , Zhen Xin
Published: August 2020

Objective. To develop and evaluate a multi-path synergic fusion (MSF) deep neural network model for breast mass classification using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Methods. We retrospectively collected 441 patients who had undergone DBT in which the regions of interest (ROIs) covering the malignant/benign breast mass were extracted for model training and validation. In the proposed MSF framework, three multifaceted representations of the breast mass (gross mass, overview, and mass background) are extracted from the ROIs and independently processed by a multi-scale multi-level features enforced DenseNet (MMFED). The three MMFED sub-models are finally fused at the decision level to generate the final prediction. The advantages of the MMFED over the original DenseNet, as well as different fusion strategies embedded in MSF, were comprehensively compared. Results. The MMFED was observed to be superior to the original DenseNet, and multiple channel fusions in the MSF outperformed the single-channel MMFED and double-channel fusion with the best classification scores of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (87.03%), Accuracy (81.29%), Sensitivity (74.57%), and Specificity (84.53%) via the weighted fusion method embedded in MSF. The decision level fusion-based MSF was significantly better (in terms of the ROC curve) than the feature concatenation-based fusion (p< 0.05), the single MMFED using a fused three-channel image (p< 0.04), and the multiple MMFED end-to-end training (p< 0.004). Conclusions. Integrating multifaceted representations of the breast mass tends to increase benign/malignant mass classification performance and the proposed methodology was verified to be a promising tool to assist in clinical breast cancer screening.
Density, flash point, viscosity, and heating value of waste cooking biodiesel (B20) with bioadditive essential oil (lemon, lemongrass, eucalyptus)
Authors: Permanasari A A , Sukarni S , Wulandari R , Puspitasari P , Mauludi M N , Ramadani R
Published: August 2020

This research is motivated by the decreasing of fossil fuels in the earth while the level of consumption of fossil fuels is getting higher from year to year, so the need for alternative fuels increases, one of which is biodiesel. The existence of studies in preparing biodiesel as an alternative fuel is essential. This study aimed to determine the effect of bioadditive essential oils (lemon, lemongrass, and eucalyptus) on biodiesel fuels’ thermophysical properties. The method used in this study is using esterification and transesterification step for making biodiesel. The character of biodiesel can be recognized by testing the physicochemical properties which consist of kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, and low heating value tests. The results show that the density of all samples is not significantly different in value. Increased density occurs in each sample due to the higher concentration of essential oils. As the concentration of essential oil increases, flashpoint tends to decrease. Low heating value tends to decrease with the increase concentration of essential oil. Kinematic viscosity has a value that tends to decrease with the addition of essential oil concentrations.
Influence of exposure time of acidic air on structure and strength of starch-nanoclay biocomposite
Authors: Setyamarsa Y A , Suryanto H , Kustono D , Aminnudin A. , Pradana Y R A , Lubis D Z , Bintara R D
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of acidic air on the strength and structure of starch-based biocomposites. Materials used for making biocomposite samples are tapioca starch, glycerol, distillate water, and nanoclay. Biocomposite synthesis uses a casting method. Treatment of acid-base air on biocomposite samples using acetic acids with a pH of 5 and exposure time for 2, 4 and 6 hours. After treatment, samples characterized using a tensile test and XRD analysis. The results show that the acidic air treatment affects the tensile strength of bioplastic samples. The tensile test results showed that the acidic air treatment of pH 5 for 4 hour results an optimum tensile strength of 9.1 MPa. The phase characterization using XRD showed that biocomposite samples with acidic air treatment indicate the highest intensity at a diffraction angle of 20.04°.
Structure and mechanical properties characterization of Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite
Authors: Fatmawati E , Sunaryono S , Hidayat M F , Kholifah M N , Yogihati C I , Taufiq A , Mufti N
Published: August 2020

Recently, concrete has become a preferable primary raw material in construction, compares to wood and steel. However, some concrete cannot withstand heavy load; they even easily get eroded by seawater. That comes from the cement paste material used in a concrete based building structure. There are various ways to improve cement properties; one of them is by using nanomagnetic material in its production process. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 (FCA) particle that can be composited with cement material to revive the compressive strength of the cement. Co3O4 nanoparticle and Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite have been successfully synthesized using coprecipitation and sol-gel methods. The Co3O4 nanoparticle and Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite with Fe3O4@Co3O4 core-shell mass variation was characterized by XRD. The characterization result shows a particle size of 4.9 nm. Meanwhile, the Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite morphology has been successfully characterized using SEM instrument. The Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite that tends to get agglomerated is those with an average particle size of 22.9 nm. The characterization results of Shore D in Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite compressive test show that a concentration increase of Fe3O4@Co3O4 core-shell significantly affects the growth of nanocomposite hardness level with an optimum value of 79.8 MPa for the highest concentration ratio. Therefore, Fe3O4@Co3O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite is a very excellent reinforcing material for cement in the construction field.
A testbed of intelligent sun tracking system and thermoelectric generator with Fresnel lens at solar cell system for maximizing generated energy
Authors: Muladi M , Jalil M F A , Aripriharta A , Fadlika I , Hidayat S , Sendari S , Afandi A N A , Horng G J , Utomo W M
Published: August 2020

Solar or photovoltaic cells are one of the most potent renewable technologies to be applied in Indonesia that have a relatively high average daily solar radiation rate of 4.5 kWh/m2/day. In conventional applications, solar cells still have some weaknesses, especially on the efficiency of output that only reaches in the range of 5—16%. In this paper, optimizing the production of electrical energy in conventional solar cell system is carried out by modifying the system construction and controller. Intelligent Mobile Thermophotovoltaic (IMT) is a modified solar cell system that combines utilization of two sources of solar energy that are photon and thermal energy to convert into electrical energy. The sollar panel is intelligently controlled to maximized the received sunlight in solar cell. Fresnel lens is utilized for supporting the thermal energy collection of sunlight on the solar cell. The total energy produced by IMT is energy from Fresnel solar tracking concentrator plus the energy from thermoelectric heat collector and subtracted by energy which used for tracking system of about 2 Wh. The IMT can yield the electrical power of 91.815 Wh while the conventional solar cell system brought 55.15 Wh for 8 operation hours. This result showed that IMT can raise 66.46% the electrical energy production of conventional solar cell system.
Assessing Rietveld refinement results on silicon carbide nanoparticles produced by magnesiothermal treatment
Authors: Hidayat N , Hidayat A , Hidayat S , Mufti N , Taufiq A , Heriyanto H
Published: August 2020

Collection and evaluation of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data are essential not purely for phase and structural investigation, but more importantly for all intends and purposes of comprehensive materials characterizations. Incorrect XRD analysis result will lead to misinterpretation of the phase and structural characteristics. The worst part is that instigates inappropriate interpretation of other phase-dependent or structural-dependent properties, e.g. electric, magnetic, or thermodynamic properties. Consequently, accurate phase identification and crystal structure quantification from XRD data is inevitable prior to further materials characterizations, most significantly for nanomaterials. In this present study, we reported the complete XRD qualitative and quantitative analyses of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles. The phase identification was run using X’Pert High Score Plus (HSP) software. Furthermore, the crystal structure computation was executed by means of different Rietveld-based computer programs, i.e. HSP, MAUD (Material Analysis using Diffraction), GSAS (General Structure Analysis System) and Rietica. Our research revealed that the synthesized silicon carbide preserved a cubic crystal structure. MAUD and GSAS could predict the equivalent particle size which was close to that of captured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, MAUD produced the most accurate value of the particle size. In this case, Rietica and MAUD extracted similar lattice parameter of the silicon carbide. At last but not least, the electron density mapping also presented to confirm the cubic crystal structure formation of the silicon carbide nanoparticles.
What matters in public perception and awareness of air quality? Quantitative assessment using internet search volume data
Authors: Ryu Young-Hee , Min Seung-Ki
Published: August 2020

Recently, the issue of air quality in South Korea reached an unprecedented level of social concern regarding public health, quality of life, and environmental policies, even as the level of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) showed a decreasing trend. Why have social concerns emerged in recent years, specifically after 2013–2014? This study aims to understand how people perceive air quality apart from the measured levels of airborne pollutants using internet search volume data from Google and NAVER. An empirical model that simulates the air quality perception index (AQPI) is developed by employing the decay theory of forgetting and is trained by PM10, visibility, and internet search volume data. The results show that the memory decay exponent and the accumulation of past memory traces, which represent the weighted sum of past perceived air quality, play key roles in explaining the public’s perception of air quality. A severe haze event with an extremely long duration that occurred in the year 2013–2014 increased public awareness of air quality, acting as a turning point. Before the turning point, AQPI is more influenced by sensory information (visibility) due to the low awareness level, but after the turning point it is more influenced by PM10 and people slowly forget about air quality. The retrospective AQPI analysis under a low level of awareness confirms that perceived air quality is indeed worst in the year 2013–2014. Our results provide a better understanding of public perception of air quality, and will contribute to the creation of more effective regulatory policies. It should be noted, however, that the proposed model is primarily meant to diagnose historic public perception and that more sophisticated models are needed to reliably predict perception of air quality.
Increasing concurrence of wildfire drivers tripled megafire critical danger days in Southern California between1982 and 2018
Authors: Khorshidi Mohammad Sadegh , Dennison Philip E , Nikoo Mohammad Reza , AghaKouchak Amir , Luce Charles H , Sadegh Mojtaba
Published: August 2020

Wildfire danger is often ascribed to increased temperature, decreased humidity, drier fuels, or higher wind speed. However, the concurrence of drivers—defined as climate, meteorological and biophysical factors that enable fire growth—is rarely tested for commonly used fire danger indices or climate change studies. Treating causal factors as independent additive influences can lead to inaccurate inferences about shifting hazards if the factors interact as a series of switches that collectively modulate fire growth. As evidence, we show that in Southern California very large fires and ‘megafires’ are more strongly associated with multiple drivers exceeding moderate thresholds concurrently, rather than direct relationships with extreme magnitudes of individual drivers or additive combinations of those drivers. Days with concurrent fire drivers exceeding thresholds have increased more rapidly over the past four decades than individual drivers, leading to a tripling of annual ‘megafire critical danger days’. Assessments of changing wildfire risks should explicitly address concurrence of fire drivers to provide a more precise assessment of this hazard in the face of a changing climate.
The modifying effects of heat and cold wave characteristics on cardiovascular mortality in 31 major Chinese cities
Authors: Chen Jinjian , Zhou Maigeng , Yang Jun , Yin Peng , Wang Boguang , Ou Chun-Quan , Liu Qiyong
Published: August 2020

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally. Examining the relationship between the extreme temperature events (e.g. heat and cold waves) and cardiovascular mortality has profound public significance. However, this evidence is scarce, particularly those from China. We collected daily data on cardiovascular mortality and meteorological conditions from 31 major Chinese cities during the maximum period of 2007–2013. A two-stage analysis was used to estimate the effects of heat and cold waves, and the potential effect modification of their characteristics (intensity, duration, and timing in season) on cardiovascular mortality. Firstly, a generalized quasi-Poisson regression combined with distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate city-specific effects. Then, the meta-analysis was performed to pool effect estimates at the national scale. Overall, cardiovascular mortality risk increased by 19.03% (95%CI: 11.92%, 26.59%) during heat waves and 54.72% (95%CI: 21.20%, 97.51%) during cold waves. The effect estimates varied by the wave’s characteristics. In heat wave days, the cardiovascular mortality risks increased by 3.28% (95%CI: −0.06%, 6.73%) for every 1 °C increase in intensity, 2.84% (95%CI: 0.92%, 4.80%) for every 1-d more in duration and −0.07% (95%CI: −0.38%, 0.24%) for every 1-d late in the staring of heat wave; the corresponding estimates for cold wave were 1.82% (95%CI: −0.04%, 3.72%), 1.52% (95%CI: 0.60%, 2.44%) and −0.26% (95%CI: −0.67%, 0.16%). Increased susceptibility to heat and cold waves was observed among patients with ischemic heart disease, females, the elderly, and those with lower education level. And consistent vulnerable populations were found for the effects of changes in cold and heat wave’s characteristics. The findings have important implications for the development of early warning systems and plans in response to heat and cold waves, which may contribute to mitigating health threat to vulnerable populations.
Environmental impact correction for resistivity logging in CBM horizontal well
Authors: Liu Zhidi , Tang Xiaoyan , Shi Mengxuan , Yang Junru
Published: August 2020

The resistivity logging in CBM horizontal well is under the influence of factors such as borehole, mud invasion and anisotropy. The environmental impact correction can improve the interpretation accuracy of CBM the horizontal well. This paper introduced in detail the correction methods of borehole, mud invasion and anisotropy, and the environmental impact of the resistivity logging in CBM horizontal well are automatically corrected using computer correction program. The results show that the method is easy to operate and feasible, and is highly operable. The corrected resistivity in horizontal well can approximately represent the real resistivity of the coal reservoir, which is able to improve the evaluation accuracy of the coal reservoir resistivity logging.
Application Research on Energy-saving Control Technology of Central Air Conditioning
Authors: Guo Changbao , Li yuping
Published: August 2020

Modern society is facing an increasingly serious energy crisis, and building energy conservation has been paid more and more attention. In recent years, the country has attached great importance to the development of energy conservation and environmental protection industries. Therefore, central air conditioning energy conservation technology has become an emerging industry in the construction industry everywhere. It has played an important role in supporting economic and social development, driving the rise of related industries, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. The traditional central air-conditioning control system consumes a lot of energy while controlling a more suitable temperature. According to statistics, the energy consumption of central air conditioning accounts for more than 40% of the energy consumption of the entire building. The control technology of the traditional air-conditioning system is backward, which not only wastes a lot of energy, but also fails to meet the requirements of the new technology conditions. This article takes the central air-conditioning enterprises such as Yatai Group Co. Ltd., Zhongda Air Conditioning Group Co. Ltd, Shandong GRAD Group Co. Ltd. as the representative, to conduct the application research of the central air-conditioning energy-saving control technology to promote the application and development of the central air-conditioning energy-saving control technology.
Research on the construction technology of marine environmental safety knowledge Base
Authors: Wu Le , Ruan Yangzhi , Li Jian , Huang Quanyi , Wei Zhen
Published: August 2020

China is a large marine country with a large number of populations living along the coastal area. More attention has been paid to marine disasters along with the rapid development of marine economy. On the basis of the demand for the risk prevention and control of marine security events, it is imperative to study the technology of building risk prevention and control knowledge base of marine security, sort the marine knowledge base system according to the relevant knowledge of marine environmental security events, such as storm surge, enteromorpha, oil spill, etc., and build comprehensive risk prevention and control knowledge base of marine environmental security and the specific element set based on the knowledge map, multi-type knowledge coupling, risk prevention and control digitalization, etc. so as to form an entity for risk prevention and control knowledge base.
Empirical Analysis of Environmental Constraints and Influencing Factors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Hong Zhao , Yu Liu , Shanling Jiang , Yujing Wen , Shang Gao
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on carbon emissions problem and adopts the “bottom-up” method proposed by IPCC to calculate the energy consumption carbon emission of leading industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. And constructed the Tapio decoupling index model to analyze the “decoupling relationship” between the development of leading industries and energy consumption and carbon emissions in various regions, so as to quantify the environmental constraint levels of different industrial development. Finally, this paper uses LMDI model to decompose the carbon emission factors, and explores the environmental impact of industrial leading industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the four dimensions of carbon emission intensity, energy intensity, economic development and population size, in order to effectively promote the optimization of industrial structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and to achieve pareto optimization.
Analysis of the Importance of Fresh Air System to Indoor Environment of Green Building and Healthy Building
Authors: Xiaoyi Chen , Runping Niu , Hua Liu , Kai Yu
Published: August 2020

As an important place for people to live, study and work, the building indoor environment has gradually become the focus of people’s attention. The fresh air system plays an important role in improving indoor environmental health problems. This paper discusses the control requirements of green buildings and healthy buildings on the indoor environment. Through the real-time detection of the indoor environment temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, PM2.5 concentration, air flow speed and fresh air volume of the building, the operation process of the fresh air system is analyzed. The impact on the indoor environment, expounds the importance of the fresh air system to the indoor environment, and provides a reference for the improvement of the indoor environment of green buildings and healthy buildings.