bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain Abscess: A Comparison of Surgical Outcomes between Conventional Burr Hole Aspiration and Endoscope-Assisted Evacuation
Authors: Ahmed Md Farhad , Rana Sumon , Zahan Kanij Fatema Ishrat , Munira Shirazum , Islam Mohammad Shafiqul , Haque Monzurul , Pahwa Bhavya , Aydin Levent , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: September 2023

Background Brain abscesses are a major health problem with significant morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study was to compare the surgical efficacy of endoscope-assisted evacuation of a brain abscess with that of single burr hole aspiration in a tertiary health care center.

Methods This single-center nonrandomized clinical study was conducted during the period from July 2020 to December 2021. Male and female patients younger than 30 years who presented with brain abscess were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups and treated with two different techniques: conventional burr hole aspiration group and endoscope-assisted evacuation group.

Results Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 13.0 ± 6.3 years in the burr hole group and 13.1 ± 6.4 years in the endoscope-assisted group. There was ≥75.0% evacuation of brain abscess on postoperative day 1 in 13 (92.9%) patients in the endoscope-assisted group and in 5 (33.3%) patients in the burr hole group. The mortality rate was 6.7% in both groups. The mean residual volume on postoperative day 30 was 0.75 mL in the endoscope-assisted group and 1.75 mL in the burr hole aspiration group. No patients treated with endoscope-assisted evacuation required a repeat surgery, whereas five patients (33.3%) treated with the conventional burr hole method required a repeat surgery.

Conclusions This study showed that the endoscope-assisted procedure has a better rate of abscess evacuation, lower residual risk, and less chance of repeat surgeries than the conventional burr hole procedure.
Perioperative Means to Prevent Surgical Site Infections following Elective Craniotomies: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Colombo Francesca , Maye Helen , Bourama Eva , Waqar Mueez , Karabatsou Konstantina , Coope David , Bailey Matthew , Heal Calvin , Patel Hiren C. , D'Urso Pietro I.
Published: September 2023

Background Postoperative surgical site infections are a recognized complication following craniotomies with an associated increase in morbidity and mortality. Several studies have attempted to identify bundles of care to reduce the incidence of infections. Our study aims to clarify which perioperative measures play a role in reducing surgical infection rates further.

Methods This study is a retrospective audit of all elective craniotomies in years 2018 to 2019. The primary endpoint was the surgical site infection rate at 30 days and 4 months after the procedure. Univariate analysis was used to identify factors predictive of postoperative infection.

Results 344 patients were included in this study. Postoperative infections were observed in 5.2% of our cohort. No postoperative infections occurred within 4 months in patients receiving perioperative hair wash and intrawound vancomycin powder. In univariate analysis, craniotomy size (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.05), lack of perioperative hair wash, and vancomycin powder use (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.01) were predictive of postoperative infection. No complications relative to the use of intrawound vancomycin were observed.

Conclusion Our study demonstrates that simple measures such as perioperative hair wash combined with intrawound vancomycin powder in addition to standard practice can help reducing infection rates with negligible risks and acceptable costs. Our results should be validated further in future prospective studies.
First direct images of shock wave splitting in diamond
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: September 2023

Double structure of a shock wave propagating in diamond at extreme pressure directly imaged for the first time by X-ray free-electron laser probe.
Transition from backward to sideward stimulated Raman scattering with broadband lasers in plasmas
Authors: Li X. F. , Weng S. M. , Gibbon P. , Ma H. H. , Yew S. H. , Liu Z. , Zhao Y. , Chen M. , Sheng Z. M. , Zhang J.
Published: September 2023

Broadband lasers have been proposed as future drivers of inertial confined fusion (ICF) to enhance the laser–target coupling efficiency via the mitigation of various parametric instabilities. The physical mechanisms involved have been explored recently, but are not yet fully understood. Here, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) as one of the key parametric instabilities is investigated theoretically and numerically for a broadband laser propagating in homogeneous plasma in multidimensional geometry. The linear SRS growth rate is derived as a function of scattering angles for two monochromatic laser beams with a fixed frequency difference δω. If δω/ω0 ∼ 1%, with ω0 the laser frequency, these two laser beams may be decoupled in stimulating backward SRS while remaining coupled for sideward SRS at the laser intensities typical for ICF. Consequently, side-scattering may dominate over backward SRS for two-color laser light. This finding of SRS transition from backward to sideward SRS is then generalized for a broadband laser with a few-percent bandwidth. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that with increasing laser bandwidth, the sideward SRS gradually becomes dominant over the backward SRS. Since sideward SRS is very efficient in producing harmful hot electrons, attention needs to be paid on this effect if ultra-broadband lasers are considered as next-generation ICF drivers.
Formation of electron beam-like components in low-Mach-number quasi-perpendicular shock: Particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Yu Chunkai , Zheng Jian , Lu Quanming , Yang Zhongwei , Gao Xinliang
Published: September 2023

Collisionless shocks with low Alfvénic Mach numbers are expected to accelerate electrons, but the underlying physics are still unsolved. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of low-Mach-number quasi-perpendicular shock in low-β is performed to study the physics of formation of beam-like components with respect to background magnetic fields. The incoming electrons can be trapped and scattered to have velocities along the shock surface by the electrostatic wave in the foot region owing to the free energy in the relative drift between shock reflected ions and upstream electrons. Then fractional electrons can be reflected by the mirror force at the shock overshoot when escaping from the loss cone. The reflection by the mirror force makes the electrons gain quasi-parallel velocities, and the electrons are accelerated in the quasi-parallel direction during trapping in the immediate downstream, forming a beam-like component with respect to magnetic fields. Our results shown in this paper explain the physics of beam formation and could be helpful for accounting for type II radio bursts.
Machine learning accelerated photodynamics simulations
Authors: Li Jingbai , Lopez Steven A.
Published: September 2023

Machine learning (ML) continues to revolutionize computational chemistry for accelerating predictions and simulations by training on experimental or accurate but expensive quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. Photodynamics simulations require hundreds of trajectories coupled with multiconfigurational QM calculations of excited-state potential energies surfaces that contribute to the prohibitive computational cost at long timescales and complex organic molecules. ML accelerates photodynamics simulations by combining nonadiabatic photodynamics simulations with an ML model trained with high-fidelity QM calculations of energies, forces, and non-adiabatic couplings. This approach has provided time-dependent molecular structural information for understanding photochemical reaction mechanisms of organic reactions in vacuum and complex environments (i.e., explicit solvation). This review focuses on the fundamentals of QM calculations and ML techniques. We, then, discuss the strategies to balance adequate training data and the computational cost of generating these training data. Finally, we demonstrate the power of applying these ML-photodynamics simulations to understand the origin of reactivities and selectivities of organic photochemical reactions, such as cis–trans isomerization, [2 + 2]-cycloaddition, 4π-electrostatic ring-closing, and hydrogen roaming mechanism.
Research on a random search algorithm for wind turbine layout optimization
Authors: Peng Huaiwu , Zhu Wei , Ma Haitao , Li Huaxiang , Zhang Rikui , Chen Kang
Published: September 2023

Wind turbine layout design has an important impact on the energy production and economic benefits of wind farms. The wind resource grid data include the realistic wind distributions of the wind farm. Combined with the Jensen wake model, it can be used to calculate the net production considering the wake effect of turbines. Based on the wind resource grid data and taking net energy production as the objective function, this paper proposes a random search algorithm for wind turbine layout optimization. The algorithm couples the random function with multiple optimization parameters and optimizes the wind turbine layout by considering restriction conditions of area and minimum turbine spacings. According to the results of the case study in an actual wind farm, the optimization processes using the proposed algorithm have high calculation efficiency and stability. The sensitivity analysis of parameters indicates that the effect of optimization calculation can be effectively improved by appropriately increasing the turbine coordinate searching range or the number of random operations within one single search.
Defining comprehensiveness in primary care: a scoping review
Authors: Baughman Derek , Nasir Rafay , Ngo Lynda , Bazemore Andrew
Published: September 2023

Introduction The term comprehensiveness was introduced into the literature as early as the 1960s and is regarded as a core attribute of primary care. Although comprehensive care is a primary care research priority encompassing patient and provider experience, cost, and health outcomes, there has been a lack of focus on consolidating existing definitions. Aim To unify definitions of comprehensiveness in primary care. Methods The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews was followed, hierarchically filtering ‘comprehensiveness’ MeSH terms and literature-defined affiliated terms. Snowballing methods were used to include additional literature from known experts. Articles were systematically reviewed with a three-clinician team. Results The initial search populated 679 607 articles, of which 25 were included. Identified key terms include: whole-person care (WPC), range of services, and referral to specialty care. WPC is the extent which primary care physicians (PCPs) consider the physical, emotional, and social aspects of a patient’s health. It has been shown to positively impact clinical costs and outcomes, satisfaction, and trust. Range of services encompasses most health problems to reduce unnecessary spending on specialty care and promote continuity. Referral to specialty care is utilized when PCPs cannot provide the necessary services – balancing depth and breadth of care with the limitations of primary care scope. Discussion This scoping review unified the interrelatedness of comprehensiveness’s main aspects – whole-person care, range of services, and referral to specialty care – framing a working, evidence-based definition: managing most medical care needs and temporarily complementing care with special integrated services in the context of patient’s values, preferences, and beliefs.
Centrosomal organization of Cep152 provides flexibility in Plk4 and procentriole positioning
Authors: Sullenberger Catherine , Kong Dong , Avazpour Pegah , Luvsanjav Delgermaa , Loncarek Jadranka
Published: September 2023

Centriole duplication is a high-fidelity process driven by Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) and a few conserved initiators. Dissecting how Plk4 and its receptors organize within centrosomes is critical to understand the centriole duplication process and biochemical and architectural differences between centrosomes of different species. Here, at nanoscale resolution, we dissect centrosomal localization of Plk4 in G1 and S phase in its catalytically active and inhibited state during centriole duplication and amplification. We build a precise distribution map of Plk4 and its receptor Cep152, as well as Cep44, Cep192, and Cep152-anchoring factors Cep57 and Cep63. We find that Cep57, Cep63, Cep44, and Cep192 localize in ninefold symmetry. However, during centriole maturation, Cep152, which we suggest is the major Plk4 receptor, develops a more complex pattern. We propose that the molecular arrangement of Cep152 creates flexibility for Plk4 and procentriole placement during centriole initiation. As a result, procentrioles form at variable positions in relation to the mother centriole microtubule triplets.
Isotropic pressure induced structural, electronic, photocatalytic, elastic and mechanical properties of RbPbF3: GGA-PBE and HSE03 based computational estimation
Authors: Gulzar Fakiha , Siddique Sofia , Zeba I , Rizwan M , Gillani S S A
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this study is to present a comprehensive computational analysis, with Generalized Gradient Approximations (GGA) and Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE03) correlation functionals, of the structural, optoelectronic, photocatalytic and elastic properties of Rubidium Lead Fluoride (RbPbF3) under the systematic isotropic pressure range of 0–55 GPa. Under stress a systematic decrease in lattice parameters and band gap (4.869 eV − 1.105 eV) is observed upto 55 GPa. For comprehensive evaluation of band gap, PDOS and EPDOS have also been determined. Photocatalytic properties of RbPbF3 under stress demonstrate the best photocatalytic water-splitting potential, aligning with the band gap estimation. The significant variation in optical parameters is found with a varying stress array from 0–55 GPa. Optically this compound can be utilized as a UV detector because absorption bands are seen in the UV spectrum. The material exhibits mechanical stability, and ductile behavior, with ionic and covalent bonding. The anisotropic nature is observed in our estimated results.
Mechanical and tribological characteristics of hypo eutectic Al-7Si alloy-based composite reinforced with Sn metal powder and Al2O3 using bottom pouring stir casting technique
Authors: Ajay C Veera , Hariharasakthisudhan P , Anand S , Sivasubramanian I
Published: September 2023

The present work highlights the significant effects of varying wt% of Sn metal powder in the hypo eutectic Al-7Si/10 wt% Al2O3 composite. The composites were manufactured through a multi-stage stir casting route and characterized for mechanical and wear behavior using ASTM standards. The results revealed that the increase in Sn content up to 4 wt% in the matrix enhanced the microhardness, tensile properties, and reduced the porosity. The Al-7Si/10 wt% Al2O3 composite with 4% Sn particle reinforcement shows the highest tensile strength and hardness of 132 MPa and 90 BHN, respectively. All composites exhibited a ductile mode of failure, as evidenced by the tear ridges and dimples on the tensile fracture surface. By adding of Sn metal powder to the material system, the wear rate and coefficient of friction were reduced. At 1000 m of sliding distance and 1 ms−1 of sliding velocity, the wear loss of 8 wt% Sn composite was decreased by 88.8% as compared to Al-7Si base alloy at a normal load of 10 N whereas, at 40 N of normal load, the wear loss was decreased by 66.6%. During the wear process, the Sn metal powder surfaced and formed a thin tribo film that mechanically mixed with the surface, resulting in reduced friction. The layer at the interface prevented direct contact between asperities on the mating surface, which reduced wear loss. The composites without Sn metal powder exhibited adhesive wear and delamination as the primary wear mechanisms, while composites with Sn showed predominantly adhesive wear. Regression analysis followed by a desirability function approach was carried out to develop the model and optimize the operating conditions of the experiments.
Excellent photocatalytic and antibacterial performance of silver and cobalt doped MnO nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad Suleman , Jabbar Saqib , Gillani S S A , Hameed Aminah , Ahmad R , Rani Aniqa
Published: September 2023

Metals (Ag, Fe, Co and Ag+Co)-doped MnO nanoparticles are synthesized by sol–gel method and are investigated for photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques to determine the structural and morphological properties. The XRD results indicate the successful incorporation of the doped-metal elements into the lattice and changes in the crystallite sizes. The SEM micrographs indicate nano-porous and agglomerated grains after the doping and maximum nano-porosity is estimated for Co and Ag+Co doped nanoparticles. Methylene-blue (MB) dye is used to measure the photocatalytic activity which indicates the degradation of 94% for Ag+Co doped nanoparticles in only 30 min. The antibacterial activities of the nanoparticles are investigated against pathogenic bacteria by using the cultures of Bacillus, Escherichia Coli, Streptococcus and Cocci. The dose quantities are varied and compared with the standard Amikacin medicine that is commercially used for antifungal treatment. It is found that inhibition zones increase up to five times than the standard against Bacillus, Escherichia Coli and Cocci and doubles for Streptococcus at the dose level higher than 20 μl. These results indicate that Ag+Co doped MnO nanoparticles show the excellent photocatalytic performance and the best antibacterial results against the Bacillus bacteria.
Gravitational echoes of lepton number symmetry breaking with light and ultralight Majorons
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Marcianò Antonino , Morais António P. , Pasechnik Roman , Viana João , Yang Hao
Published: September 2023

We formulate a version of the low-scale Majoron model equipped with an inverse seesaw mechanism featuring lepton-number preserving dimension-6 operators in the scalar potential. Contrary to its dimension-4 counterpart, we find that the model can simultaneously provide light and ultralight Majorons, neutrino masses and their mixing, while featuring strong first-order cosmological phase transitions associated to the spontaneous breaking of the lepton number and the electroweak symmetries in the early Universe. We show by a detailed numerical analysis under which circumstances the model can be probed via the primordial gravitational wave spectrum potentially observable at LISA and other planned facilities. We discuss which implications result for collider physics observables, such as scalar trilinear couplings, the scalar mixing angle and the mass of a new CP-even Higgs boson.
Label-free rapid detection of urinary tumor cells based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering and deep learning
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Xingda , Wang Wen , Cong Yanguang , Chen Luzhu , Zhong Jingyi , Fang Xianglin , Tan Yongxin , Zhang Yanjiao , Li Shaoxin
Published: September 2023

In clinical practice, the primary objective of tumor detection is to acquire comprehensive diagnostic information while minimizing invasiveness and reducing patient discomfort. Urine cytology represents a non-invasive method frequently employed for urologic tumor detection. However, its sensitivity is limited. Enhancing the accurate identification of various urologic tumor cells and blood cells is crucial to improve the sensitivity of urine cytology. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), coupled with suitable machine learning algorithms, holds significant potential for rapid, sensitive, label-free, and non-destructive detection and identification of tumor cells. In this investigation, SERS spectra of urologic tumor cells and blood cells were acquired using an ordered substrate comprising Au-wrapped nanorod arrays. Notably, a remarkably high spectral resemblance was observed among the three distinct types of urologic tumor cells. Five machine learning algorithms were implemented for cell type differentiation and prediction. Among these, the classification network system integrating spatial attention mechanism with DenseNet exhibited the highest classification performance, yielding an accuracy rate of nearly 99%. Additionally, an attention heatmap was generated to highlight the wavenumber range that contributed the most in the SERS spectra, aiding in discriminating various cell species. This study demonstrates that SERS technology based on Au-wrapped nanorod arrays, in conjunction with deep learning algorithms, can promptly and accurately differentiate normal cells from tumor cells, thereby offering an effective approach to enhance the sensitivity of urine cytology tests.
A polarization sensitive interferometer: Delta interferometer
Authors: Wei 卫 Chao-Qi 超奇 , Liu 刘 Jian-Bin 建彬 , Dong 董 Yi-Fei 翼飞 , Sun 孙 Yu-Nong 雨农 , Zhou 周 Yu 宇 , Zheng 郑 Huai-Bin 淮斌 , Liu 刘 Yan-Yan 严严 , Yan 闫 Xiu-Sheng 秀生 , Li 李 Fu-Li 福利 , Xu 徐 Zhuo 卓
Published: September 2023

A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed, named the Delta interferometer, inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta. The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other existing interferometers, such as Michelson, Mach–Zehnder and Young’s double-slit interferometers, is that the two interfering paths are asymmetrical in the Delta interferometer. The visibility of the first-order interference pattern observed in the Delta interferometer is dependent on the polarization of the incidental light. Optical coherence theory is employed to interpret this phenomenon and single-mode continuous-wave laser light is employed to verify the theoretical predictions. The theoretical and experimental results are consistent. The Delta interferometer is a perfect tool to study the reflection of electromagnetic fields in different polarizations and may find applications in polarization-sensitive scenarios.
Measurement and analysis of the neutron-induced total cross-sections of 209Bi from 0.3 eV to 20 MeV on the Back-n at CSNS*
Authors: Xue 薛 Jieming 洁明 , Feng 冯 Song 松 , Chen 陈 Yonghao 永浩 , Yi 易 Han 晗 , Li 李 Xinxiang 鑫祥 , Xiao 肖 Min 敏 , Cheng 程 Pinjing 品晶 , Liu 刘 Rong 荣 , Yang 羊 Yiwei 奕伟 , Han 韩 Zijie 子杰 , Zhao 赵 Dajun 大俊 , Wang 王 Haoqiang 豪强 , Li 李 Baoqian 宝钱 , Zhao 赵 Jirong 继荣 , Liu 刘 Zijun 梓隽 , Chen 陈 Chaomin 朝敏 , Luo 罗 Wen 文 , Zheng 郑 Bo 波
Published: September 2023

The neutron-induced total cross-section of 209Bi is crucial for the physical design and safety assessment of lead-based fast reactors, and the quality of experimental data should be improved for evaluation and application. A recent experiment was conducted on the back-streaming white neutron beamline (Back-n) at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) using the neutron total cross-section spectrometer (NTOX). The neutron energy was determined using a fast multi-cell fission chamber and the time-of-flight technique. Two high-purity bismuth samples, 6 mm and 20 mm in thickness, were chosen for neutron transmission measurements and comparisons. The neutron total cross-sections of 209Bi, ranging from 0.3 eV to 20 MeV, were derived considering neutron flight time determination, flight path calibration, and background subtraction. A comparison of the experimental results with the data in the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library showed fair agreement, and the point-wise cross-sections were found to be consistent with existing experimental data. Special attention was given to the determination of resonance parameters, which were analyzed using the
R
-matrix code SAMMY and Bayesian method in the 0.5 keV to 20 keV energy range. The extracted resonance parameters were compared to previously reported results and evaluated data. This study is recognized as the first one where the neutron total cross-section of bismuth across such a broad energy spectrum is measured in a single measurement or experiment, and it provides valuable data for the assessment of related reaction information for evaluated libraries and the advancement of lead-bismuth-based nuclear systems.
Statistical Properties of X-Ray Bursts from SGR J1935+2154 Detected by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Zhang Wen-Long , Li Xiu-Juan , Yang Yu-Peng , Yi Shuang-Xi , Li Cheng-Kui , Tang Qing-Wen , Qin Ying , Wang Fa-Yin
Published: September 2023

As one class of the most important objects in the universe, magnetars can produce a lot of different frequency bursts including X-ray bursts. In Cai et al., 75 X-ray bursts produced by magnetar SGR J1935+2154 during an active period in 2020 are published, including the duration and net photon counts of each burst, and waiting time based on the trigger time difference. In this paper, we utilize the power-law model,

dN

(
x
)

/

dx
∝
(
x
+

x

0

)

−

α

x

, to fit the cumulative distributions of these parameters. It can be found that all the cumulative distributions can be well fitted, which can be interpreted by a self-organizing criticality theory. Furthermore, we check whether this phenomenon still exists in different energy bands and find that there is no obvious evolution. These findings further confirm that the X-ray bursts from magnetars are likely to be generated by some self-organizing critical process, which can be explained by a possible magnetic reconnection scenario in magnetars.
Permanent direct part marking for metal parts processed at high temperature
Authors: Hradil D , Hájek J
Published: September 2023

This article introduces new options for high-temperature permanent ink marking of machine parts. As experimental materials, ferrous metals (EN X40CrMoV5-1, EN 16MnCr5, EN S355J2+N) and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) have been printed. The paper presents the temperature-dependence curve of Ceramic phosphors. Generally, the most commonly used pigments are based on ZrSiO4, SiC (each has a different refractive index). In our case, TiO2 and inorganic luminescent (LS) based powders was also used. The respective pigments were subjected to several technological processes. These included nitriding, carburizing and vacuum heat treatment. The printing or its effect was evaluated by LM and microhardness measurements. The new method of marking machine parts appears to be suitable for non-destructive marking of parts for applications requiring resistance to high temperatures.
Influence of overvoltage waves on the development of partial discharges
Authors: Korzhov A V , Safonov V I , Babayev R M o , Dziuba M A , Korostelev I E
Published: September 2023

A theoretical study of the development dynamics of partial discharges in defects in cable insulation of medium voltage networks in the presence of an overvoltage wave has been carried out. Simulation modeling of the development of partial discharges was performed on the basis of a model with three capacitors, supplemented by a model for the appearance of a seed electron. A single-phase short circuit to earth with several breaks in the electric arc was the source of the overvoltage wave. Simulation modeling showed that the number and power of partial discharges significantly increased over the period of the fundamental harmonic. The amplitude of the periodic component of the transient process was already enough to recharge the defect for large insulation defect and it is the highest harmonic that becomes decisive in the formation of partial discharges. This fact may be one of the explanations for a possible trend in medium voltage cable networks, where a failure on one cable is followed by a group of subsequent failures in nearby cable lines within a few days.
High-speed digital-to-analogue converters phase noise modelling
Authors: Romashov V V , Yakimenko K A , Doktorov A N , Sochneva N A
Published: September 2023

The paper presents a mathematical model of the phase noise power spectral density of a high-speed digital-to-analogue converter. The shapes of the envelopes of the spectrum of the output signal in RFZ3, RFZ4 operating modes are given. The phase noise transfer coefficients for RFZ3, RFZ4 operating modes are obtained. The modelling of the power spectral density of phase noises in the studied operating modes was carried out. The analysis of the received dependences is carried out. It is concluded that RFZ3, RFZ4 modes of operation allow to obtain a lower level of PSD phase noise for images n = 1, 3, 4, 5, which indicates the possibility of generating high-frequency signals with a frequency that is 5-11 times higher than the generated frequency in NRZ mode without noise degradation.
Modeling of the process of solar drying of grapes in indirect type installations with natural air convection
Authors: Jumaev Jura , Ibragimov Salim , Mirzaev Shavkat
Published: September 2023

The paper models the process of natural convection of an indirect type dryer mathematically for the accumulation and absorption of heat which uses water. The data from the experiment conducted by the authors of the work is used as the initial data. The Reynolds equations and the temperature distribution equations are used for the mathematical model considering the Boussinesq hypothesis. The SIMPLE control volume method is used in the paper for the difference approximation of the initial equations. The temperature and velocity fields in the drying chamber are determined. It is revealed that the maximum speed in this mode is reached in the upper part of the dryer and it will be equal to 0.02-0.03 m/s.
RRT path planning algorithm with enhanced sampling
Authors: Zou Qianshi , Le Minyu , Shen Yizhe
Published: September 2023

Due to the low efficiency and low path quality of the RRT algorithm, this paper introduces a sampling-enhanced RRT(SE-RRT) algorithm with four improvements to the RRT algorithm. In the path search phase, the gravitational coefficient is added to improve the efficiency of finding the feasible path without losing randomness. In the path optimization phase, turning points are selected from nodes of the original path by global rewiring. Then the sampling space is established around the turning points for local re-optimization. Finally, a near-optimal path is obtained and can be iterated to the optimal path according to the demand. In the code implementation phase, efficient path collision detection is added to prevent local paths from crossing obstacles.
Galaxy morphology classification using VGG16
Authors: Chen Cheng
Published: September 2023

There are billions of galaxies in the universe, each with millions or billions of stars. Galaxies vary in shape and size, and they interact with one another, sometimes colliding and merging, sometimes tearing apart, resulting in different features such as bars, rings, pseudo-pillars, and so on. These morphological properties play an important role in the study of galaxy evolution, so the classification of galaxy morphology has always been crucial in astrophysics. Earlier, using traditional methods or manual inspection to accomplish the classification task was a great challenge for astronomers. Today, however, machine learning is widely used for galaxy morphology classification because of its evolving efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, a popular convolutional neural network model (VGG16) will be used to classify galaxy morphology with an accuracy of 81%, which means that VGG16 can be used for correct classification.
Nature of transient currents and voltages in the power chain for a Highly Segmented Fast Detector run by Low Voltage Power Supply
Authors: Rahaman M. , Thakur A. , Maity M. , Roy S. , Kundu T.K.
Published: September 2023

Supplying power at low voltage to the front-end electronics
of very fast and highly segmented detectors, typical in the
experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, involves several issues,
including transient currents and voltages. This study investigates
a power chain that involves long cables, DC-DC converters, and input
filters. Due to the presence of a common ground close to the input
of the DC-DC converter, the power chain can run with a lower value
of the input supply. It is seen that the capacitor in the input
filter plays a significant role in the process of voltage growth at
the input of the DC-DC converter. The effects of the ramp during
turning ON and OFF the input supply have been studied thoroughly.
It is observed that the voltage/current spikes are reduced due to
the application of the ramp. It is also observed that the
current/voltage, both at the input and the output of the DC-DC
converter, goes through some intermediate oscillations due to the
existence of threshold voltage for the converters. The choice of
the ramp is critical in reducing spikes and should be incorporated
into the power supply.
Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications
Authors: Shivalkar Saurabh , Roy Anwesha , Chaudhary Shrutika , Samanta Sintu Kumar , Chowdhary Pallabi , Sahoo Amaresh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.
Human vascularised synovium-on-a-chip: a mechanically stimulated, microfluidic model to investigate synovial inflammation and monocyte recruitment
Authors: Thompson Clare L , Hopkins Timothy , Bevan Catrin , Screen Hazel R C , Wright Karina T , Knight Martin M
Published: September 2023

Healthy synovium is critical for joint homeostasis. Synovial inflammation (synovitis) is implicated in the onset, progression and symptomatic presentation of arthritic joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Thus, the synovium is a promising target for the development of novel, disease-modifying therapeutics. However, target exploration is hampered by a lack of good pre-clinical models that accurately replicate human physiology and that are developed in a way that allows for widespread uptake. The current study presents a multi-channel, microfluidic, organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) model, comprising a 3D configuration of the human synovium and its associated vasculature, with biomechanical and inflammatory stimulation, built upon a commercially available OOAC platform. Healthy human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (hFLS) were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with appropriate matrix proteins, separated by a flexible, porous membrane. The model was developed within the Emulate organ-chip platform enabling the application of physiological biomechanical stimulation in the form of fluid shear and cyclic tensile strain. The hFLS exhibited characteristic morphology, cytoskeletal architecture and matrix protein deposition. Synovial inflammation was initiated through the addition of interleukin−1β (IL−1β) into the synovium channel resulting in the increased secretion of inflammatory and catabolic mediators, interleukin-6 (IL−6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP−1), as well as the synovial fluid constituent protein, hyaluronan. Enhanced expression of the inflammatory marker, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), was observed in HUVECs in the vascular channel, accompanied by increased attachment of circulating monocytes. This vascularised human synovium-on-a-chip model recapitulates a number of the functional characteristics of both healthy and inflamed human synovium. Thus, this model offers the first human synovium organ-chip suitable for widespread adoption to understand synovial joint disease mechanisms, permit the identification of novel therapeutic targets and support pre-clinical testing of therapies.
Strategic logic of unilateral climate intervention
Authors: Bell Curtis M , Keys Patrick W
Published: September 2023

Climate change and unabated greenhouse gas emissions are increasing the possibility that the world will turn to climate intervention to curb ever-increasing global temperatures. This paper uses game theory to elucidate the conditions that might make a state more or less likely to begin unilateral, as opposed to internationally coordinated, climate intervention (UCI). We solve this game for several specific scientific, economic, and climatological conditions that change the likelihood of a government starting its own climate intervention deployment program without the participation of the broader international community. Specifically, we demonstrate that the plausibility of UCI is linked to perceptions of three key elements: (1) the effectiveness of climate intervention strategies, (2) the sensitivity of specific governments to punishment by other states, and (3) satisfaction with climate and weather in the present. We conclude by discussing how this formal game theory model informs the design of future Earth system model simulations of UCI, international agreements related to climate intervention, and the development of solar climate intervention technologies.
Predicting future UK nighttime urban heat islands using observed short-term variability and regional climate projections
Authors: Doger de Speville Charlotte , Seviour William J M , Lo Y T Eunice
Published: September 2023

By 2050, 68% of the world’s population and 90% of the UK’s population are estimated to be living in urban areas. It is widely acknowledged that urban areas tend to be warmer than rural areas (the urban heat island (UHI) effect), and that increased summer temperatures increase morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important to know how the UHI intensity will change in the future. Recent work has used observed daily UHI-temperature relationships to suggest that the UHI intensity may decrease under warming temperatures. Here we analyse the ability of the regional UK Climate Projections, UKCP18-regional, to model the summer nighttime UHI intensity of ten UK cities. When compared to HadUK-Grid observational data, we find that the model accurately simulates both the mean magnitude of the UHI intensities and the daily relationship between urban and rural temperature. In particular, in 9 of the 10 cities, the model and observational data both show a decrease in UHI intensity with warmer temperature over the 1980–2020 period analysed. We then analyse the correlation between the projected future UHI intensities using UKCP18-regional and those inferred from the historical daily UHI-temperature relationships. We find that this relationship is not statistically significant and that the model-projected change in UHI intensity is greater than the change inferred from the historical relationship for all cities analysed. We conclude that using short-term variability to predict future UHI change, as proposed by some recent work, may not be appropriate. Our results motivate further research to understand processes impacting UHI changes on different timescales and in different regions.
Exact coefficients of finite-size corrections in the Ising model with Brascamp–Kunz boundary conditions and their relationships for strip and cylindrical geometries
Authors: Izmailian Nickolay , Kenna R , Papoyan Vl V
Published: September 2023

We derive exact finite-size corrections for the free energy F of the Ising model on the

square lattice with Brascamp–Kunz boundary conditions. We calculate ratios

r
p

(
ρ
)

of pth coefficients of F for the infinitely long cylinder (

) and the infinitely long Brascamp–Kunz strip (

) at varying values of the aspect ratio

. Like previous studies have shown for the two-dimensional dimer model, the limiting values

p
→
∞

of

r
p

(
ρ
)

exhibit abrupt anomalous behavior at certain values of ρ. These critical values of ρ and the limiting values of the finite-size-expansion-coefficient ratios differ, however, between the two models.
The micro-LED roadmap: status quo and prospects
Authors: Lin Chien-Chung , Wu Yuh-Renn , Kuo Hao-Chung , Wong Matthew S , DenBaars Steven P , Nakamura Shuji , Pandey Ayush , Mi Zetian , Tian Pengfei , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Iida Daisuke , Wang Tao , Cai Yuefei , Bai Jie , Yang Zhiyong , Qian Yizhou , Wu Shin-Tson , Han Jung , Chen Chen , Liu Zhaojun , Hyun Byung-Ryool , Kim Jae-Hyun , Jang Bongkyun , Kim Hyeon-Don , Lee Hak-Joo , Liu Ying-Tsang , Lai Yu-Hung , Li Yun-Li , Meng Wanqing , Shen Haoliang , Liu Bin , Wang Xinran , Liang Kai-ling , Luo Cheng-Jhih , Fang Yen-Hsiang
Published: September 2023

Micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) will play an important role in the future generation of smart displays. They are found very attractive in many applications, such as maskless lithography, biosensor, augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality etc, at the same time. A monitor that can fulfill saturated color rendering, high display resolution, and fast response time is highly desirable, and the micro-LED-based technology could be our best chance to meet these requirements. At present, semiconductor-based red, green and blue micro-LED chips and color-conversion enhanced micro-LEDs are the major contenders for full-color high-resolution displays. Both technologies need revolutionary ways to perfect the material qualities, fabricate the device, and assemble the individual parts into a system. In this roadmap, we will highlight the current status and challenges of micro-LED-related issues and discuss the possible advances in science and technology that can stand up to the challenges. The innovation in epitaxy, such as the tunnel junction, the direct epitaxy and nitride-based quantum wells for red and ultraviolet, can provide critical solutions to the micro-LED performance in various aspects. The quantum scale structure, like nanowires or nanorods, can be crucial for the scaling of the devices. Meanwhile, the color conversion method, which uses colloidal quantum dot as the active material, can provide a hassle-free way to assemble a large micro-LED array and emphasis the full-color demonstration via colloidal quantum dot. These quantum dots can be patterned by porous structure, inkjet, or photo-sensitive resin. In addition to the micro-LED devices, the peripheral components or technologies are equally important. Microchip transfer and repair, heterogeneous integration with the electronics, and the novel 2D material cannot be ignored, or the overall display module will be very power-consuming. The AR is one of the potential customers for micro-LED displays, and the user experience so far is limited due to the lack of a truly qualified display. Our analysis showed the micro-LED is on the way to addressing and solving the current problems, such as high loss optical coupling and narrow field of view. All these efforts are channeled to achieve an efficient display with all ideal qualities that meet our most stringent viewing requirements, and we expect it to become an indispensable part of our daily life.
The design, manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials-a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Xu Rui , Chen Chuanqing , Sun Jiapeng , He Yulong , Li Xin , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yanfeng
Published: September 2023

Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features, such as reusability, energy storage and absorption capabilities, rapid deformation, and amplified output forces. These metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel of bistable units. They can exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched reversely among each other, thereby realizing the reusability of mechanical metamaterials and offering broad engineering applications. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design strategy, manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials. We divide bistable structures into three categories based on their basic element types and provide the criterion of their bistability. Various manufacturing techniques to fabricate these multistable mechanical metamaterials are introduced, including mold casting, cutting, folding and three-dimensional/4D printing. Furthermore, the prospects of multistable mechanical metamaterials for applications in soft driving, mechanical computing, energy absorption and wave controlling are discussed. Finally, this paper highlights possible challenges and opportunities for future investigations. The review aims to provide insights into the research and development of multistable mechanical metamaterials.
A classification of genus 0 modular curves with rational points
Authors: Rakvi
Published: September 2023

Let

E
E

be a non-CM elliptic curve defined over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. Fix an algebraic closure

Q

¯

{\overline {\mathbb Q}}

of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. We get a Galois representation
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="rho Subscript upper E Baseline colon upper G a l left-parenthesis double-struck upper Q overbar slash double-struck upper Q right-parenthesis right-arrow upper G upper L 2 left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove double-struck upper Z With caret right-parenthesis">

ρ
E

:

G
a
l

(

Q

¯

/

Q

)
→
G

L
2

(

Z

^

)

\rho _E \colon {Gal}({\overline {\mathbb Q}}/\mathbb {Q})\to GL_2({\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}})

\]
associated to

E
E

by choosing a system of compatible bases for the

N
N

-torsion subgroups of

E
(

Q

¯

)
.

E({\overline {\mathbb Q}}).

Associated to an open subgroup

G
G

of

G

L
2

(

Z

^

)

GL_2({\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}})

satisfying

−
I
∈
G

-I \in G

and

det
(
G
)
=

Z

^

×

\det (G)={\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}}^{\times }

, we have the modular curve

(

X
G

,

π
G

)

(X_G,\pi _G)

over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

which loosely parametrises elliptic curves

E
E

such that the image of

ρ
E

\rho _E

is conjugate to a subgroup of

G
t

.

G^t.

In this article we give a complete classification of all such genus

0
0

modular curves that have a rational point. This classification is given in finitely many families. Moreover, for each such modular curve morphism

π
G

:

X
G

→

X

G

L
2

(

Z

^

)

\pi _G \colon X_G \to X_{GL_2({\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}})}

can be explicitly computed.
Gender Discrimination in Online Markets
Authors: Cotropia Christopher A , Masur Jonathan S , Schwartz David L
Published: September 2023

We study whether a seller’s gender impacts the bargained-for price in a product market, specifically baseball cards. We isolate the seller’s gender using an online transaction exposing the buyer to the seller’s gender via the seller’s hand and name. In both a field experiment, in which we actually sell cards on eBay, and a laboratory experiment, in which we conduct surveys via Amazon Mechanical Turk, we find, contrary to current literature, that women sell baseball cards for a higher price and greater profit compared to men. The observed discrimination appears to be both statistical and taste based. These findings contribute to the law and economics literature on discrimination and have ramifications for the economic opportunities of women in the retail marketplace and for the law of gender discrimination. (JEL J16, C91, C93, K31, K38)