bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the sorption of Tc(IV) to some clay minerals with reference to radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Evans N. D. M. , Hallam R. J.
Published: December 2023

Tc-99 is one of the most important isotopes likely to be disposed of in the proposed UK Geological Disposal Facility for higher-activity radioactive wastes, due to its long half-life, high fission yield and ability to migrate through the geosphere as the pertechnetate ion. However, much of the technetium is likely to be in the lower oxidation state of Tc(IV) due to the low Eh in the near field. Batch sorption experiments across the pH range have been performed on Tc(IV) using Tc-95m as a spike in the presence of some representative clay minerals (bentonite, smectite, kaolininte, montmorillonite and illite).Tc(IV) solutions were used at trace concentrations to avoid precipitation as technetium dioxide. Values for the partition coefficient (Rd) were found to range from 7 to 2 x 105 mL g−1. Rd was heavily dependent on pH in all cases, with the highest values being found in the circumneutral area. These data will inform the performance assessment for the behaviour of technetium in the near-field of the UK’s planned higher-activity wastes GDF. Surface complexation modelling of the data has been performed.
An investigation into the role of c-type cytochromes and extracellular flavins in the bioreduction of uranyl(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
Authors: Jones D. L. , Andrews M. B. , Botchway S. W. , Ward A. , Lloyd J. R. , Natrajan L. S.
Published: December 2023

Optical spectroscopy and microscopy have been employed to examine the in situ bioreduction of uranyl(VI) acetate in bulk solution and at the microscopic level using lactate as the electron donor, over 24 hours by the Gram-negative metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. The wild type strain was used alongside three deletion mutants; JG 596 – lacking outer membrane (OM) c-type cytochromes, JG 1453 – lacking inner and outer membrane (IM, OM) c-type cytochromes and JG 1758 – lacking the ability to secrete extracellular flavins. Low temperature steady state emission spectroscopy of the uranyl(VI) supernatant monitored over 24 hours indicate a one-electron reduction pathway for the wild type whereas no significant bioreduction is observed for the deletion mutants lacking OM c-type cytochromes and lacking IM and OM c-type cytochromes confirming the crucial role of c-type cytochromes in the transfer of electrons to U(VI). One photon optical microscopy shows a variation in luminescence lifetimes across the surface of the bacterial cell, suggesting an interaction between the uranyl(VI) and a surface bound redox active species. As this variation is not as evident in the bacterial strains lacking the ability to produce cytochromes, it is inferred that the cytochromes are directly involved in electron transfer with the uranyl(VI) located on the cell surface. These techniques allow the direct visualisation of radionuclide-microbe interactions during the bioreduction of U(VI) at sub-micron spatial resolution, which has provided mechanistic insight into the mechanisms of in situ bioredmediation of uranium (and by extension other actinides) in microbial cultures and more complex environmental systems.
Decoding Atomic Addresses: Solution NMR Resonance Assignment of Proteins
Authors: Viennet Thibault , Dubey Abhinav , Törner Ricarda , Droemer Maxim A. , Coote Paul , Frueh Dominique P. , Takeuchi Koh , Arthanari Haribabu
Published: December 2023

NMR is a powerful analytical technique that permits the exploration of biomolecules under physiological conditions with atomic resolution. It is especially applicable for examining protein structures and their interactions and dynamics in environments closely resembling their native state, extending its utility to uniquely study disordered proteins. Nevertheless, to extract atomic resolution details, one must successfully correlate observed resonances with their originating nuclei, a process known as ‘resonance assignment’. Even with over fifty years of technical advancements, resonance assignment frequently becomes a bottleneck in the utilization of NMR for the comprehensive study of structure, dynamics, and interactions. In this context, we delve into both the traditional methods and the emerging frontiers in protein resonance assignment strategies for solution NMR. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view of the existing experimental methodologies, with a focused discussion on their strengths and potential limitations. In this chapter, we will strictly focus on resonance assignment strategies for proteins.
Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Schröder N. , Bartalucci E. , Yazgi B. Uluca , Wiegand T.
Published: December 2023

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become an important player in integrated structural biology approaches, particularly benefiting from the high sensitivity of NMR observables for small structural changes or ligand binding, the simple sample preparation based on sedimentation and the absence of any molecular-weight-dependent resonance broadening. The development of ultra-high magnetic-field strengths (>28 T) and fast magic-angle spinning techniques (>100 kHz) allows the study of, for instance, large proteins and their complexes, supramolecular assemblies or membrane proteins embedded in lipids requiring only sub-milligram amounts of protein sample. The basic principles of biomolecular solid-state NMR, sample preparation schemes and signal enhancement tools using dynamic nuclear polarization are discussed herein. Some recent examples for solid-state NMR embedded in the toolbox of integrated structural biology are presented in this chapter, focusing on employing solid-state NMR in concert with cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, solution-state NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance and molecular dynamics simulations. Information accessible from solid-state NMR, such as protein dynamics, protein–ligand interactions, secondary-structure information and distance restraints is summarized and the strengths of solid-state NMR in protein structure determination are highlighted.
Cryo-electron Microscopy and Tomography: Aiming for Atomic Resolution in Macromolecular Assemblies and Entire Cells
Authors: Ni Tao , Hou Zhen , Zhang Peijun
Published: December 2023

In modern structural biology, there are three major methods for structural biologists to obtain structural information of macromolecules: cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray crystallography. Cryo-EM, in comparison with the other two methods, allows structural biologists to obtain the structures of various macromolecules in a more native and less perturbed system. Over the past decade, cryo-EM has enabled scientists to determine the structures of protein complexes at atomic resolution and made a profound impact in molecular bioscience and pharmaceutical sectors. Along with cryo-EM, another emerging technique called cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) has gained increasing importance in structural biology. It has the potential to visualize macromolecular complexes and assemblies in their native environments at high resolution, but there are still some challenges for small, sparse subjects and in approaching atomic resolution in situ. This chapter summarizes the major steps involved in structure determination using cryo-EM and cryo-ET and highlights the major challenges for in situ cryo-ET. We also present a few examples of near-atomic resolution structure determination of macromolecular assemblies both in purified systems in vitro and in native contexts in situ. Future perspectives are discussed as well.
In-cell Structural Biology Through the Integration of Solution NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Science
Authors: Ito Yutaka , Ikeya Teppei , Inomata Kohsuke
Published: December 2023

The highly crowded environment of the cytoplasmic spaces of living cells has considerable effects not only on the enzymatic and binding activities, but also on the conformation and dynamics of bio-macromolecules. In-cell NMR spectroscopy is currently the only method capable of analysing the effects of the intracellular crowding on the biophysical properties of bio-macromolecules in real time at atomic resolution. Indeed, in-cell NMR has now been applied to various intracellular events and interesting findings have been reported. Molecular dynamics simulations that consider molecular crowding are also attracting attention as a tool for obtaining a more general picture of the intracellular environment. In this chapter, the results of in-cell NMR studies, particularly in combination with computational science, on the folding stability, 3D structure and dynamics of proteins in cells are discussed.
Integrative Structural Biology of Enzyme Active Sites
Authors: Ghosh Rittik K. , Holmes Jacob B. , Dunn Michael F. , Mueller Leonard J.
Published: December 2023

This chapter focuses on the integrative structural biology of enzyme active sites. Structure plays a critical role in shaping our understanding of the chemistry that takes place within enzyme active sites, and integrative techniques that couple solid-state NMR with diffraction and computation have been shown to be highly effective at highlighting this chemistry by determining the structure with atomic resolution. This chapter takes as a detailed example the integrative approach of NMR crystallography applied to tryptophan synthase, along with a select group of additional examples that feature distinct approaches for combining ssNMR with other structural, biochemical, and mechanistic data. These studies share the overall goal of merging global and local restraints to provide structures with atomic resolution that shed new light on the chemistry, mechanism, and functional control of enzyme catalysis.
RNA Heterogeneity Visualized Under AFM
Authors: Ding J. , Stagno J. R. , Yu P. , Li S. , Sapkota K. P. , Zhang J. , Wang Y.-X.
Published: December 2023

Conformational dynamics of RNA play broad roles in various biological processes. However, sample and conformational heterogeneity make it difficult to study RNA using current conventional approaches. Here, we describe the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize individual RNA molecules under near-physiological conditions at nanometre resolution. AFM may provide another avenue for the study of RNA folding states, screen sample conditions, and characterize sample heterogeneity.
Multifunctional MXene-doped photothermal microneedles for drug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing
Authors: Zhong Yongjin , Lai Yancheng , Feng Zeru , Huang Si , Fu Yu , Huang Lirong , Lan Keng-fu , Mo Anchun
Published: December 2023

Ti3C2 MXene-reinforced MN patches with photothermal antibacterial properties and ROS elimination performance for accelerating drug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing.
Modulating stereoselectivity and catalytic efficiency of carbenoid reactions catalysed by self-sufficient P450s
Authors: Wang Binhao , You Cuiping , Xu Guochao , Ni Ye
Published: December 2023

Exploring the catalytic performance in the carbenoid-model-reaction of six self-sufficient P450s belonging to different families, and revealing their differences using molecular simulation.
Controlling dual-positively charged pyrazolium ionic liquids for efficient catalytic conversion of CO2 into carbonates under mild conditions
Authors: Ndayambaje Jean Damascene , Shabbir Irfan , Zhao Qianmeng , Dong Li , Su Qian , Cheng Weiguo
Published: December 2023

Novel dicationic pyrazolium ionic liquids were synthesized and utilized as catalysts for the coupling reaction of diluted/pure CO2 and epoxides to carbonates under mild conditions without metal/solvent.
Ion–dipole interaction motivated Zn2+ pump and anion repulsion interface enable ultrahigh-rate Zn metal anodes
Authors: Huang Song , Tang Rong , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yufei , Tang Yongchao , Wen Zhipeng , Ye Minghui , Yang Yang , Li Cheng Chao
Published: December 2023

A self-expedited Zn2+ pump is constructed to perform dynamic and rapid replenishment of Zn2+ and eliminate the Zn2+ concentration gradients at the electrode/electrolyte interface even at a high rate.
Intake of dietary flavonoids in relation to bone loss among U.S. adults: a promising strategy for improving bone health
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Jiacheng , Xu Kelin , Chen Xingdong
Published: December 2023

The intake of three flavonoid subclasses (flavones, flavanones, and isoflavones) is beneficially associated with bone health in the US adult population.
Simple photocleavable indoline-based materials for surface wettability patterning
Authors: Loch Alex S. , Cameron Douglas , Martin Robert W. , Skabara Peter J. , Adams Dave J.
Published: December 2023

Surface wettability is controlled through UV light-induced photocleavage of indoline-based small molecules. Simple, solution-based deposition enables photopatterning with excellent spatial control and contact angle changes up to 61°.
Entropy engineering enhances the electromagnetic wave absorption of high-entropy transition metal dichalcogenides/N-doped carbon nanofiber composites
Authors: Wang Shipeng , Liu Qiangchun , Li Shikuo , Huang Fangzhi , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2023

Entropy engineering, component engineering and distinctive hierarchical structure synergize to promote the electromagnetic wave absorption of high-entropy transition metal dichalcogenide/N-doped carbon nanofiber composites.
Biosorption of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions by soluble renewable polysaccharides
Authors: Levy-Ontman Oshrat , Paz-Tal Ofra , Alfi Yaron , Wolfson Adi
Published: December 2023

Polysaccharides derived from natural sources have been offered as environment friendly sorbents for the adsorption of uranyl ions.
Designing solvent systems using self-evolving solubility databases and graph neural networks
Authors: Kim Yeonjoon , Jung Hojin , Kumar Sabari , Paton Robert S. , Kim Seonah
Published: December 2023

Our self-evolving graph neural networks for predicting solubilities reconciled different magnitudes of errors and uncertainties of experimental and computational databases, maximizing the database size and the model’s prediction accuracy.
The role of oxygen in automotive grade lithium-ion battery cathodes: an atomistic survey of ageing
Authors: Mikheenkova Anastasiia , Mukherjee Soham , Hirsbrunner Moritz , Törnblom Pontus , Tai Cheuk-Wai , Segre Carlo U. , Ding Yujia , Zhang Wenliang , Asmara Teguh Citra , Wei Yuan , Schmitt Thorsten , Rensmo Håkan , Duda Laurent , Hahlin Maria
Published: December 2023

Charge compensation in a Ni-rich transition metal oxide cathode is different for Ni and Co, leading to changes in octahedral sizes and bond character, with oxygen playing a crucial role through hybridization and diatomic oxygen formation.
A biodegradable, highly sensitive and multifunctional mechanical sensor based on rGO-silk fibroin hydrogel for human motion detection and gesture recognition
Authors: Chen Ke , Liu Baoyang , Hu Ning , Fan Qiaolin , Zhan Fawang , Zhang Zhou , Ni Zhonghua , Li Xiao , Hu Tao
Published: December 2023

Hydrogel based flexible sensors have attracted tremendous attention in the fields of artificial skin, motion detection and health management due to their excellent characteristics such as portability and wearability.
A path planning algorithm fusion of obstacle avoidance and memory functions
Authors: Zheng Qingchun , Li Shubo , Zhu Peihao , Ma Wenpeng , Wang Yanlu
Published: December 2023

In this study, to address the issues of sluggish convergence and poor learning efficiency at the initial stages of training, the authors improve and optimise the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. First, inspired by the Artificial Potential Field method, the selection strategy of DDPG has been improved to accelerate the convergence speed during the early stages of training and reduce the time it takes for the mobile robot to reach the target point. Then, optimising the neural network structure of the DDPG algorithm based on the Long Short‐Term Memory accelerates the algorithm's convergence speed in complex dynamic scenes. Static and dynamic scene simulation experiments of mobile robots are carried out in ROS. Test findings demonstrate that the Artificial Potential Field method‐Long Short Term Memory Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (APF‐LSTM DDPG) algorithm converges significantly faster in complex dynamic scenes. The success rate is improved by 7.3% and 3.6% in contrast to the DDPG and LSTM‐DDPG algorithms. Finally, the usefulness of the method provided in this study is similarly demonstrated in real situations using real mobile robot platforms, laying the foundation for the path planning of mobile robots in complex changing conditions.
Modelling of high frequency bearing voltage for dual‐winding permanent magnet synchronous generators
Authors: Li Zhihao , Liu Ruifang , Zhang Liangliang , Li Weili , Li Shulin , Huang Xin
Published: December 2023

The modelling and analysis of high‐frequency bearing voltage are of great significance to the assessment and mitigation of the electrical erosion risk in wind power systems. However, the dual‐winding permanent magnet synchronous generator (DW‐PMSG), as one of the mainstream models in wind power industry, has not been specifically analysed for its bearing voltage modelling method in the existing research. The high frequency common mode equivalent circuit model of DW‐PMSG is established, and the effect of parasitic parameters between two sets of winding on bearing voltage is analysed. A model parameters extraction method based on differential evolution algorithm is proposed, and the range of parameters is estimated by finite element simulation and test results, which improves the search efficiency and solution accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the comparison of simulation and experimental results. On this basis, it is possible to conduct more in‐depth research on the bearing voltage and bearing currents of DW‐PMSG, and provide theoretical basis and simulation means for the design of suppression schemes.
Short‐term prediction of wind power based on temporal convolutional network and the informer model
Authors: Wang Shuohe , Chang Linhua , Liu Han , Chang Yujian , Xue Qiang
Published: December 2023

In this study, a new short‐term wind power prediction model based on a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and the Informer model is proposed to solve the problem of low prediction accuracy caused by large wind speed fluctuations in short‐term prediction. First, an input feature selection method based on the maximum information coefficient is proposed after considering the problem of information interference caused by excessively large input features. A dynamic time planning method is used to select the optimal input step of historical power. Then, the combined forecasting model composed of TCN and the Informer is constructed in accordance with the numerical weather forecast and historical power data. Lastly, the pinball loss function is used to expand the prediction model into a quantile regression model, measure the effect of volatility, quantify the volatility range of prediction, and finally, obtain a deterministic prediction result. The actual measured data of wind farms in the Bohai Sea area are selected for analysis and calculation. The results show that the prediction model proposed in this study achieves better accuracy in deterministic prediction and interval prediction than the traditional model.
Control method based on real–imaginary decomposition at the switching frequency for multiple active bridge converters
Authors: Ibanez Federico M. , Shubnaya Anna , Martin Fernando
Published: December 2023

Isolated multiple port DC/DC converters, such as the Multiple Active Bridge (MAB) converter, have many recent applications, such as interconnection between grids, isolated uninterruptible power sources (UPSs) and electric vehicle chargers. MAB converter is an attractive solution from the point of view of the hardware because of its symmetry and its capability to be extended to any number of bridges with a moderate number of components. However, the main challenge of this converter is the control method in order to achieve independent control between the different ports and to minimize recirculating currents. For that reason, three‐port power converters have been already investigated, but many improvements can be done for a larger number of ports. This paper proposes to use a Fourier decomposition for the main power signals to separate their real and imaginary parts. As the signals work at the switching frequency, this decomposition is developed with analog electronics. Based on that, a general control method for regulating the power at the different ports is presented using the first harmonic component, which delivers most of the power. In this proposal, two nested control loops ensure accuracy for the DC power flow. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposal.
Probing diffuse radio emission in bridges between galaxy clusters with uGMRT
Authors: Pignataro G. V. , Bonafede A. , Bernardi G. , Riseley C. J. , Dallacasa D. , Venturi T.
Published: December 2023

Aims. Recent X-ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) observations have detected thermal emission between early-stage merging galaxy clusters. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the properties of the non-thermal emission in the interacting cluster pairs Abell 0399-Abell 0401 and Abell 21-PSZ2 G114.9.

Methods. These two unique cluster pairs have been found in an interacting state. In both cases, their connection along a filament is supported by an SZ effect detected by the Planck satellite and, in the special case of Abell 0399-Abell 0401, the presence of a radio bridge has been already confirmed by LOFAR observations at 140 MHz. Here, we analyse new high-sensitivity, wideband (250–500 MHz) uGMRT data of these two systems and describe an injection procedure to place limits on the spectrum of Abell 0399-Abell 0401 and on the radio emission between Abell 21-PSZ2 G114.9.

Results. In both cases, the low-surface-brightness diffuse emission is not detected in Band 3 (250–500 MHz). For the A399-A401 pair, we are able to constrain the steep spectral index of the bridge emission to be α > 2.2 with a 95% confidence level between 140 MHz and 400 MHz. We also detect a small patch of the bridge with a flatter spectral index, which may suggest a variable spectral index distribution across the bridge area. For the A21-PSZ2 G114.9 pair, we are able to place an upper limit on the flux density of the bridge emission with two different methods, finding at the central frequency of 383 MHz a conservative value of fu1 < 260 mJy at a 95% confidence level, and a lower value of fu2 < 125 mJy
at an 80% confidence level, based on visual inspection and a morphological criterion.

Conclusions. Our work provides a constraint on the spectrum in the bridge A399-A401 that disfavours shock acceleration as the main mechanism for the radio emission. The methods that we propose for the limits on the radio emission in the A21-PSZ2 G114.9 system represent a first step towards a systematic study of these sources.
2D chemical evolution models
Authors: Spitoni E. , Cescutti G. , Recio-Blanco A. , Minchev I. , Poggio E. , Palicio P. A. , Matteucci F. , Peirani S. , Barbillon M. , Vasini A.
Published: December 2023

Context. According to observations and numerical simulations, the Milky Way could exhibit several spiral-arm modes of various pattern speeds, with the slower patterns located at larger galactocentric distances.

Aims. Our aim is to quantify the effects of the spiral arms on the azimuthal variations in the chemical abundances of oxygen and iron and for the first time of neutron-capture elements (europium and barium) in the Galactic disc. We assume a model based on multiple spiral-arm modes with different pattern speeds. The resulting model is an updated version of previous 2D chemical evolution models.

Methods. We apply new analytical prescriptions for the spiral arms in a 2D Galactic disc chemical evolution model, exploring the possibility that the spiral structure is formed by the overlap of chunks with different pattern speeds and spatial extent.

Results. The predicted azimuthal variations in abundance gradients are dependent on the considered chemical element. Elements synthesised on short timescales (i.e. oxygen and europium in this study) exhibit larger abundance fluctuations. Moreover, for progenitors with short lifetimes, the chemical elements returned to the ISM perfectly trace the star formation perturbed by the passage of the spiral arms. The map of the star formation rate (SFR) predicted by our chemical evolution model with multiple patterns of spiral arms presents arcs and arms compatible with those revealed by multiple tracers (young upper-main sequence stars, Cepheids, and the distribution of stars with low radial actions). Finally, our model predictions are in good agreement with the azimuthal variations that emerged from the analysis of Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec [M/H] abundance ratios, if at most recent times the pattern speeds match the Galactic rotational curve at all radii.

Conclusions. We provide an updated version of a 2D chemical evolution model capable of tracing the azimuthal density variations created by the presence of multiple spiral patterns. We show that elements synthesised on short timescales exhibit larger abundance fluctuations.
Numerical solutions to linear transfer problems of polarized radiation
Authors: Janett Gioele , Benedusi Pietro , Riva Fabio
Published: December 2023

Context. A relevant class of radiative transfer problems for polarized radiation is linear, or can be linearized, and can thus be reframed as linear systems once discretized. In this context, depending on the considered physical models, there are both highly coupled and computationally expensive problems, for which state-of-the-art iterative methods struggle to converge, and lightweight ones, for which solutions can be obtained efficiently.

Aims. This work aims to exploit lightweight physical models as preconditioners for iterative solution strategies to obtain accurate and fast solutions for more complex problems.

Methods. We considered a highly coupled linear transfer problem for polarized radiation, which we solved iteratively using a matrix-free generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method. Different preconditioners and initial guesses, designed in a physics-based framework, are proposed and analyzed. The action of preconditioners was also computed by applying GMRES. The overall approach thus consists of two nested GMRES iterations, one for the original problem and one for its lightweight version. As a benchmark, we considered the modeling of the intensity and polarization of the solar Ca I 4227 Å line, the Sr II 4077 Å line, and the Mg II h&k lines in a semi-empirical 1D atmospheric model, accounting for partial frequency redistribution effects in scattering processes and considering a general angle-dependent treatment.

Results. Numerical experiments show that using tailored preconditioners based on simplified models of the considered problem has a noticeable impact, reducing the number of iterations to convergence by a factor of 10–20.

Conclusions. By designing efficient preconditioners in a physics-based context, it is possible to significantly improve the convergence of iterative processes, obtaining fast and accurate numerical solutions to the considered problems. The presented approach is general, requiring only the selection of an appropriate lightweight model, and can be applied to a larger class of radiative transfer problems in combination with arbitrary iterative procedures.
Accretion in the recurrent nova T CrB: Linking the superactive state to the predicted outburst
Authors: Zamanov R. , Boeva S. , Latev G. Y. , Semkov E. , Minev M. , Kostov A. , Bode M. F. , Marchev V. , Marchev D.
Published: December 2023

Context. T CrB (NOVA CrB 1946) is a famous recurrent nova with a recurrence timescale of 80 years.

Aims. We aim to estimate the colours, luminosity, and mass-accretion rate for T CrB (NOVA CrB 1946) during and after the superactive state.

Methods. We performed and analysed UBV photometry of the recurrent nova T CrB.

Results. For the hot component of T CrB, we find average dereddened colours of (U − B)0 = −0.70 ± 0.08 and (B − V)0 = 0.23 ± 0.06, which correspond to an effective temperature of 9400 ± 500 K and an optical luminosity of 40 − 110 L⊙ during the superactive state (2016–2022). After the end of the superactive state, the hot component became significantly redder, (U − B)0 ≈ −0.3 and (B − V)0 ≈ 0.6 in August 2023, and its luminosity decreased markedly to 20 − 25 L⊙ in April–May 2023, and to 8 − 9 L⊙ in August 2023. The total mass accreted during the superactive state from 2014 to 2023 is ∼2 × 10−7 M⊙.

Conclusions. This is a significant fraction of the mass required to cause a thermonuclear runaway (TNR). Overall our results support a model in which a large accretion disc acts as a reservoir with increased accretion rate onto the central white dwarf during disc high states, ultimately leading to a TNR explosion, which now seems to be imminent.
Ecological Restoration of Degraded Pasture Ecosystems Biodiversity and Fodder Productivity in the Central Asian Desert
Authors: Shamsutdinov Nariman , Shamsutdinova Elmira
Published: December 2023

The increasing pressure of anthropogenic and technogenic factors on the soil and vegetation cover in the Central Asian desert is due to their degradation which dictates the need for ecological restoration of these destroyed pasture lands. For restore the lost biodiversity and fodder productivity of degraded pasture ecosystems in the Central Asian Karnabchul desert, dominant species of fodder plants were sown: Haloxylon aphyllum (15%), Halothamnus subaphyllus (20%), Artemisia diffusa (50%) and Poa bulbosa (15%) – representatives of climax communities. The climax stage is the adult state of the ecosystem, the peak of its development and it is the longest. The life forms of dominant plant species involved in the formation of climax communities are characterized by increased resistance to the abiotic and biotic stresses. This ensures the formation of poly-species multi-tiered pasture ecosystems with high and stable fodder productivity over the years in the conditions of the Central Asian desert. Fodder shrubs, semishrubs and grasses, along with high adaptive properties, are characterized by nutritional value. Haloxylon aphyllum contains 10-12% protein (in fruits up to 20%), 2.2-2.7% fat. Halothamnus subaphyllus fodder in the budding phase contains 24.7% protein, 2.7% fat. Artemisia diffusa is a very valuable fodder for sheep, goats, camels. The ephemeroid Poa bulbosa on the pastures is perfectly eaten by all kinds of animals, especially sheep. During the growing season, bluegrass fodder contains up to 24% protein, 1.6-4.1% fat.
Resistance of New Hybrids of Cotton to Some Biotic Factors and the Results of Sorting Experiments
Authors: Ibragimov Paridun , Urazov Bakhriddin , Rakhmatkhodjaeva Elnorakhon , Toreev Fozilbek
Published: December 2023

Based on the results of long-term experiments of the authors of the article, the tolerance of ridges formed as a result of simple and complex hybridization to fork diseases in an artificially infected environment with the bacterium Xanthomonas malvacearum, to homosis in a naturally infected environment with the fungus Verticillium dahliae Cleb was analyzed. It was found that Gommosis affects 12.5 percent, up to 21.9 percent, with a spring form, and 9.1 percent, up to 16.4 percent with an autumn form. It was noted that complex cotton hybrids with medium fiber F8 were infected with the spring form of gommosis from 7.9 percent to 14.7 percent and the autumn form from 18.7 percent. The S-6524 variety, taken as a template, was affected by the spring form of gommosa disease 15.2 percent and the autumn form 13.4 percent. The new ridge created as a result of research is 2.7 centners higher for the first crop than the template variety, 0.6 centners less for the second, and 2.1 centners higher for the total yield. During the growing season, the shoots open 3 days earlier than in the template variety. In terms of defects, the new T-300 comb weighed 5.8 grams, while the C-6524 sample weighed 5.3 grams.At the same time, it was found that the weight of the pieces exceeds 0.5 grams, and the fiber yield indicators exceed the reference ones by 5.6 percent. The fiber yield was 14.5 c/ha on the new T-300 ridge, which is 0.3 c/ha higher than that of the template variety. Thus, the new T-300 ridge, resistant to some biotic factors, surpassed the template variety in most features, demonstrating.
Effect of Copper, Zinc and Molybdenum Micro Elements in Plants When Using Granular and Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizer with Micro Elements Made from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Niyazaliev Begali , Ismailov Jumanazar , Tillabekov Bekzod
Published: December 2023

A new type of micronutrient liquid fertilizers was obtained by treating the calcium nitrate porridge obtained on the basis of research with urea (ammonium nitrate, KAS) and micronutrient (Cu Zn Co) salts in the amount necessary for plant growth. The chemical composition, product properties and rheological properties of liquid fertilizers containing microelements were studied, and a laboratory device for the production of liquid fertilizers was created. As a result of preliminary investigations, it was found that copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, magnesium are the most scarce trace elements in the soils of our republic. In order to apply microelements to the soil as fertilizers, the research was carried out in order to find their various sources, to study various industrial residues, to solve the problems of testing, processing of local raw materials and industrial waste containing trace elements a rational technology for obtaining new types of simple and complex liquid, granular and suspended fertilizers was developed, and its agrochemical properties and the amount of microelements in the plant composition and its effect on the absorption of nutrients (NRK), cotton yield and quality parameters of fiber were determined when used in typical gray soil conditions.
Indications of High-Generation Convergent Hybrids Based on Transgressive Recombination Prints in Cotton
Authors: Namazov Shadman , Kholmurodova Guzal , Yuldasheva Rano
Published: December 2023

In the article, it is presented that the use of complex and convergent hybridization is an effective method for increasing cotton weight per bag, 1000 seed weight, fiber yield and fiber length. Among the complex and convergent families based on the principle of transgressive recombination in increasing the cotton weight per bag, mainly O-401-03 and O-175-178 families, among the families based on complex hybridization in improving the weight of 1000 seeds, the O-401-03 family, convergent O-109 O-401-03, O-470-72, O-109-110, O-774-776, O-369-372 from the -110 families, as well as from the O-504-09 and O-609-610 families, improving fiber yield , O-504-09 and O-365-366 from families based on complex and convergent hybridization, relatively high values in families based on complex hybridization in terms of fiber length in families O-440-46 and O-289-90, among convergent hybrid families based on the principle of transgressive recombination The expediency of using O-609-610, O-393-94 and O-899-900 families in genetic-selection studies is highlighted.
Effect of Weeding on Cotton Weight Per Boll and Cotton Yield Depending on Seedling Thickness of Medium Fiber Cotton Varieties
Authors: Allanazarov Sultanbek , Ubaydullaev Madaminjon , Komilov Jasurbek
Published: December 2023

This article presents information on the effect of seedling thickness and weeding on cotton weight per bag and cotton yield. The research was conducted in cotton varieties S-6524, S-6560, UzPITI-202 in the conditions of typical gray soils of Tashkent region, and in each selected variety 80-90; 100-110 and 120-130 thousand bushes/ha were planted. The thickness of each seedling is 11-12 in the background; 13-14; On 15-16 harvest branches, manual pruning and no pruning were placed. By the end of the growing season, the cotton yield and cotton weight per boll of each option were determined. The highest results were obtained from the options where the cotton variety S-6560 was planted at 80-90 and 100-110 thousand bushels/ha, at 13-14 harvest branches, according to the seedling thickness. According to this, the weight of cotton in one sack is 0.57-0.41 g compared to unspun cotton. ha, 1st harvest weight increased by 6.5-3.1%, yield increased by 3.7-2.6 tons/ha. Also, when the UzPITI-202 cotton variety was maintained at different seedling thicknesses and weeding was carried out in it, the highest values were obtained from the variant where cotton was maintained at a seedling thickness of 80-90 and 100-110 thousand bushels/ha, weeding was carried out at 13-14 harvest branches, and cotton per boll it was noted that the weight of the 1st harvest increased by 4.5%, the yield increased by 3.5-2.7 t/h compared to the non-chilled one. However, it was observed that the seedling thickness in non-chilled options is lower in the background with 80-90 thousand leaves than in the background with 100-110 thousand bush/ha.
Influence of Pre-Sowing Irrigation on Seed Generation in Winter Wheat
Authors: Baboev Saidmurat , Kulmamatova Dilafruz
Published: December 2023

The effect of pre-sowing irrigation on the germination of wheat seeds was studied during the autumn sowing of varieties from the regional nursery of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Pre-plant irrigation and seeding on moist soil resulted in stronger seedlings and a larger and deeper root system compared to seeding on dry soil and watering after seeding. The average germination of seeds in the control variants for all varieties sown in three agility on dry soil and row irrigation after sowing was 76.7% or an average of 200 seeds per square meter, and with presowing irrigation it was 83.4% or, on average, 20 seeds more than control. The highest water use efficiency and seed germination were observed when planting on moist soil, suggesting that the combination of preplant irrigation and phosphorus application had a beneficial effect on germination and seed retention of wheat.
The manifestation of diseases and phytophages of weeds associated with the cultivation of flax, the possibility of their use as biological plant protection agents
Authors: Savoskina O.A. , Chebanenko S.I. , Zavertkin I.A. , Shitikova A.V. , Kudryavtsev N.A.
Published: December 2023

Materials on the study of diseases and phytophages of weeds associated with flax cultivation and on the results of their use in biological plant protection are presented. It has been established that the developed biopreparation (a mixture of inoculum of smut / urocystosis / couch-grass (the disease causative agent Urocystis agropyri / P./ S.) and rust /puccinia / yellow thistle (pathogen Puccinia suaveollens /Pers./) reduces the sowings contamination with these weeds. When sowing flax in regions new to this crop (for example, in the Tula region), phytophages unusual for this crop (for example, rapeseed flea) can significantly damage not flax, but cruciferous weeds. Studies have established that Cirsium setosum in flax sowings is often affected by a specific rust /puccinia / (pathogen Puccinia suaveollens /Pers./ R. [= P. obtegens /Lk./ Tul.]), causing on average about 20% of cases of its destruction without the formation of seeds.
Determination of the oenological maturity of dark-berry grape varieties based on sensory analysis and amino acid profile
Authors: Prakh A.V. , Redka V.M. , Sheludko O.N. , Ageeva N.M. , Prakh A.A.
Published: December 2023

In this work, the harvest date was determined based on the organoleptic characteristics of the Kurchansky and Granatovy grape varieties. At the same time, the appearance, aroma, and taste of berries, as well as the condition of the skin, pulp, and color of seeds were evaluated. The dynamics of the main yeast-consumed amino acids, as well as proline, were analyzed, considering that the degree of berries ripening affects the nitrogen profile and, as a consequence, the aromatic composition of grapes and the taste characteristics of the future wine. A correlation was obtained between the organoleptic parameters determined in berries and in the wine samples obtained from them. It was found that grape ripening has a noticeable effect on the composition of the wine, and allows to establish further the key parameters that need to be considered in the berry during ripening to determine the optimal harvest date.
Effect of Stimulators and Biofertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Productivity of Sweet Plants
Authors: Atabaeva Khalima , Tajetdinov Nauruzbai
Published: December 2023

The harvest from agricultural crops is formed in the leaves of plants due to the process of photosynthesis, all the technological activities that affect the development of leaves in the cultivation of crops are studied, the accumulation of dry matter in the smooth licorice plant is analyzed. In this experiment, the effects of various stimulants and biofertilizers on the development of smooth licorice were studied and analyzed.
Water Use Efficiency of Long Staple Cotton Varieties in Southern Zone of Uzbekistan
Authors: Avliyakulov Mirzoolim , Rajabov Nurmamat , Abdullaev Jamshid , Kalandarova Safiya
Published: December 2023

Previous research established field capacity (Fc) based irrigation scheduling for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties in Uzbekistan. In this paper, the irrigation scheduling Fc for two long staple cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) varieties and its effect on seed-lint yield and irrigation water use efficiency and water consumption of plants were reported. The field experiments were conducted in the condition of takyr soils with mechanical composition of silt loam in southern zone of Uzbekistan, at the Kashkadarya Experimental Station of Uzbekistan’s Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies Research Institute in 2018, 2019 and 2020. In research, cotton growth stages such as germination to flowering, flowering to boll formation, and maturation were considered for the development of irrigation scheduling with respect to field capacity water content (Fc). Irrigation scheduling based on percentages of Fc and mineral fertilizer application rate of N250P175K125 should be considered applicable practices for long staple cotton varieties on silt loam soils of the southern zone of Uzbekistan and for similar soil-climatic conditions of Central Asian countries.
Use of Humic Organic Matter and Rhizobacteria in the Cultivation of Winter Wheat in Areas Polluted With Heavy Metals
Authors: Boynazarov Baxron , Djumaniyazova Gulnora , Berdiev Tolib
Published: December 2023

The article presents experimental results on the reduction of the content of heavy metals in the roots, stems and grains of wheat grown on soil contaminated with heavy metals belonging to “Almalik Mining Metallurgical Combine” JSC (Joint-Stock Company) under the influence of bacterial fertilizer, potassium humate and Serhosil biopreparations created on the basis of wheat rhizobacteria. In the development phases, the resistance of the crops to the harmful effects of heavy metals was increased, the metabolism in the plant, the growth and development of the plant were accelerated, and the yield of 55 centners of grain per hectare was achieved, compared to the control option, an additional yield of 7 centners of grain per hectare was achieved.
Using digital technologies in viticulture and winemaking: Technological and legal realities
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Denisovich Veronika , Demenkova Natalia , Majorov Andrey , Glukhova Evgeniya
Published: December 2023

Any technological innovation is a step forward in the development of our society. Almost all areas of life have been affected by the digital industry. However, there are activities that are unique per se, such as winemaking. Taste and preferences of a person are built around the individuality of each of us. Nevertheless, the processes to simplify work, to obtain a high-quality product, to increase the volume of harvest, to check counterfeit products and much more can be digitalized. Change is inevitable. Any digital technology can be used for human benefit. The use of drones in the art of winemaking is already accepted and recognized. This is only one aspect of using digital technologies in winemaking. This is what the presented research paper is about.
Marine Education: Teaching for the Future
Authors: Kidman Gillian
Published: December 2023

This keynote presentation was developed to provide a baseline research understanding of marine science education. The aim is to provide an entry point for conversations among educators of marine education in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia. Conversations are needed to develop the perceptions of marine education among policymakers not only in education but also in the economy. Marine education is under-researched and under-taught in most countries, even those with long coastlines. Yet, without our oceans, life on Earth cannot exist. This paper presents a rapid review of 149 research papers located in a systematic search of the ERIC via ProQuest that followed the PRISMA exclusion process. The findings are presented as eight themes and a set of recommendations.
Physics Workbook on Simple Harmonic Motion: Student Perception
Authors: Liana Metta , Emmiliannur Emmiliannur
Published: December 2023

In the 21stcentury, increasing technology and knowledge integration in human activities necessitates a workforce capable of adapting to evolving changes and equipped with essential 21st-century skills. Among these skills, critical thinking and problem-solving stand out as pivotal components. Consequently, to prepare high school students as future contributors to the workforce, they must possess these skills. An effective strategy to cultivate critical thinking and problem-solving skills is the implementation of workbooks in the learning process. These workbooks should feature teaching materials that incorporate multiple multimodal representations. This quantitative research employs primary data collection and survey methodology, utilizing a Likert scale questionnaire distributed to class X students in high schools within Bandung City. The study involves 35 respondents, addressing six questions. The finding reveals a strong consensus among respondents regarding the effectiveness of the workbooks in well-training critical thinking. Additionally, respondents’ express agreement on the efficacy of workbooks in honing problem-solving skills. It is important to note this research focuses specifically on the study of workbooks related to simple harmonic material.
Environmental literacy profile of prospective new biology teachers at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji based on cognitive aspects about climate change
Authors: Fernando Adam , Sarkity Dios
Published: December 2023

Various environmental problems that arise due to climate change have had a major impact on human survival. Therefore, it is necessary to create environmental awareness, which is the main thing that anyone, including students, needs to have. Students have the potential to increase community environmental literacy. However, this potential needs to be increased and its profile explained, especially for new students. This research describes the environmental literacy profile of new student biology teacher candidates at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji (UMRAH) in terms of cognitive aspects of climate change. This descriptive research uses essay questions about climate change. These questions were given to all new students of UMRAH Biology Education Study Program class 2022 as samples taken using total sampling techniques. Based on the research results, the environmental literacy profile of prospective new biology teachers at UMRAH in terms of cognitive aspects about climate change is in the sufficient category.