bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-retailer cognitive and emotional relationship quality: their experiential antecedents and differential impact on brand evangelism
Authors: Al Nawas Ibrahim , Altarifi Shadi , Ghantous Nabil
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Limited knowledge exists on the difference in the antecedents and outcomes of relationship quality's cognitive and emotional aspects for e-retailers. This research tests how utilitarian and hedonic shopping values differentially affect “cognitive and emotional” relationship quality components and how the latter differentially affects word-of-mouth and brand evangelism.

Design/methodology/approach

Online survey data were collected from 450 Jordanian online shoppers. Structural equation modeling (AMOS 24.0) was employed to analyze the data.

Findings

First, e-retailer's informativeness and transaction convenience (i.e. utilitarian values), drive more strongly cognitive than emotional relationship quality, whereas e-retailer's escapism and social presence (i.e. hedonic values) drive more strongly emotional than cognitive relationship quality. Second, emotional relationship quality has a strong significant effect on brand evangelism, whereas cognitive relationship quality's effect is insignificant. Third, there are no statistically significant differences concerning the effect of cognitive and emotional relationship quality on word-of-mouth.

Originality/value

The findings of our research are expected to enhance our understanding of e-retailer relationship quality, its emergence and consequences. They would also provide e-retailers with guidance on how to execute growth strategies by focusing on specific types of brand relationship quality, on the other hand.
Resilience capacities and management control systems in public sector organisations
Authors: Bracci Enrico , Tallaki Mouhcine
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Inspite of the attention resilience receives in relation to public policy and public management, very few studies have analysed the internal mechanics of public sector organisations to see what is producing their resilience. Considering management control systems (MCSs) as the drivers of organisational change, this paper aims to explore their role as determinants of resilience in the public sector. The paper attempts to open the black box of organisational functioning focusing on one complex component.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopted a qualitative approach for this longitudinal case study. This paper used a mix of primary and secondary sources in terms of direct observation, semi-structured interviews and internal document analysis. This paper used a framework drawing on Barbera et al. (2017) and management control’s constraining and facilitating concepts to explore how anticipatory and coping capacities of resilience are supported and reinforced by MCSs.

Findings

Findings suggest that MCSs support adaptive behaviour and assist decision-making by providing knowledge and ready-to-use answers to cope with external shocks. However, this is found in case of the adoption of facilitating MCSs, which empower managers and employees and are based on stewardship roles. In such a context, MCSs played an essential role in shaping anticipatory and coping capacities. At the same time, financial shocks fostered the investment in MCSs, cyclically strengthening or developing new anticipatory and coping capacities.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first attempting to identify how facilitating MCSs, as a driver of organisational change, can make an organisation more resilient. It shows how resilience capacities are generated and strengthened via MCSs.
Families of children with disabilities helping inform early childhood education
Authors: Swart Katie , Muharib Reem , Godfrey-Hurrell Kristi , D’Amico Mark M. , Algozzine Bob , Correa Vivian , Algozzine Kate
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to survey and interview parents of young children with disabilities to document their perspectives on what professionals working with their children need to know. Rather than comparing opinions over time or as part of an outcome study, this paper met with participants at a single point in time for a conversation addressing two questions with implications for training, program development and continuing research, namely, to what extent do families believe the Advancing Community College Efforts in Paraprofessional Training (ACCEPT) standards and topics are important to include in educational programs preparing professionals to work with young children with disabilities in inclusive settings (survey)? How satisfied or dissatisfied are families with the practices of early childhood educators working with their children with disabilities in inclusive and other settings (focus group)? What knowledge and skills do families recommend are important for the preparation of early childhood educators working with children with disabilities in inclusive and other settings (focus group)?

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory design was used to gather information for use in future research and program development and research efforts. Descriptive statistics were compiled for the survey data and focus group interviews were content-analyzed for themes consistent with the project’s eight standards and topics.

Findings

Analyzes of survey and focus group interview data indicated that parents/caregivers held consistent views about information and skills needed to prepare teachers and others to work with children with disabilities in inclusive settings. Parents/caregivers were asked to complete a brief survey prioritizing the importance of the eight ACCEPT standards and topics when preparing early childhood educators for working with children with disabilities in inclusive settings. They all (n = 21) rated each standard and topic as “very important” (4) and provided 184 comments during follow-up interviews that represented positive examples, negative examples and recommendations distributed across the eight focusing standards.

Originality/value

This research identified the need for educators to understand the high value and importance of communication with parents of children with disabilities. This study further suggests the need for teachers to value each child’s individual needs and differences for their relationships with children and families to thrive.
Nuclear translocation of ATG5 induces DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR‐D)/microsatellite instability (MSI) via interacting with Mis18α in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sun Shi‐Yue , Hu Xue‐Tao , Yu Xin‐Feng , Zhang Yue‐Ying , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Liu Yuan‐Hang , Wu Shu‐Hua , Li Yang‐Yang , Cui Shu‐Xiang , Qu Xian‐Jun
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose

It is well known that microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) is associated with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistance in colorectal cancer. MSI‐H is the phenotype of DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR‐D), mainly occurring due to hypermethylation of MLH1 promoter CpG island. However, the mechanisms of MMR‐D/MSI‐H are unclear. We aim to investigate the pathway of MMR‐D/MSI‐H involved in 5‐FU resistance.

Experimental Approach

Human colorectal cancer specimens were diagnosed for MSI‐H by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Proteome microarray interactome assay was performed to screen nuclear proteins interacting with ATG5. Nuclear ATG5 and ATG5‐Mis18α overexpression were analysed in ATG5high colorectal cancer bearing mice. The methylation assay determined the hypermethylation of hMLH1 promoter CpG island in freshly isolated human colorectal cancer tissue samples and HT29atg5 and SW480atg5 cancer cells.

Key Results

In ATG5high colorectal cancer patients, 5‐FU‐based therapy resulted in nuclear translocation of ATG5, leading to MSI‐H. Colorectal cancer in Atg5 Tg mice demonstrated 5‐FU resistance, compared to Atg5+/− and WT mice. Proteome microarray assay identified Mis18α, a protein localized on the centromere and a source for methylation of the underlying chromatin, which responded to the translocated nuclear ATG5 leading to ATG5‐Mis18α conjugate overexpression. This resulted in MLH1 deficiency due to hypermethylation of hMLH1 promoter CpG island, while the deletion of nuclear Mis18α failed to induce ATG5‐Mis18α complex and MMR‐D/MSI‐H.

Conclusions and Implications

Nuclear ATG5 resulted in MMR‐D/MSI‐H through its interaction with Mis18α in ATG5high colorectal cancer cells. We suggest that ATG5‐Mis18α or Mis18α may be a therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancer.
Long‐term music adjuvant therapy enhances the efficacy of sub‐dose antiepileptic drugs in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Xu Ceng‐Lin , Nao Jia‐Zhen , Shen Yu‐Jia , Gong Yi‐Wei , Tan Bei , Zhang Shuo , Shen Ke‐Xin , Sun Cui‐Rong , Wang Yi , Chen Zhong
Published: March 2021

Aims

Noninvasive music adjuvant therapy shows great potential in improving seizure control when combined with routine antiepileptic drugs. However, the diversity of previous music protocols has resulted in disparate outcomes. The optimized protocol and features for music adjuvant therapy are still not fully understood which limits its feasibility.

Methods

By applying different regimens of music therapy in various temporal lobe epilepsy models, we evaluated the effect of music in combination with sub‐dose drugs on epileptic seizures to determine the optimized protocol.

Results

A subgroup of kindled mice that were responsive to music adjuvant therapy was screened. In those mice, sub‐dose drugs which were noneffective on kindled seizures, alleviated seizure severity after 12 h/day Mozart K.448 for 14 days. Shorter durations of music therapy (2 and 6 h/day) were ineffective. Furthermore, only full‐length Mozart K.448, not its episodes or other music varieties, was capable of enhancing the efficacy of sub‐dose drugs. This music therapeutic effect was not due to increasing cerebral drug concentration, but instead was related with the modulation of seizure electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral powers in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

These results indicate that long‐term full‐length Mozart K.448 could enhance the anti‐seizure efficacy of sub‐dose drugs and may be a promising noninvasive adjuvant therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy.
High‐sensitive clinical diagnostic method for PTPRZ1‐MET and the characteristic protein structure contributing to ligand‐independent MET activation
Authors: Huang Ruoyu , Liu Yanwei , Wang Kuanyu , Wang Zheng , Zhang Chuanbao , Zhang Wei , Zhao Zheng , Li Guanzhang , Huang Lijie , Chang Yuanhao , Zeng Fan , Jiang Tao , Hu Huimin
Published: March 2021

Background

PTPRZ1‐MET (ZM) is a critical genetic alteration driving the progression of lower‐grade glioma. Glioma patients harboring ZM could benefit from MET inhibitors. According to the remarkable role of ZM as a driver of glioma progression and indicator of MET inhibitor sensitivity, it is necessary to detect this alteration even when it presents in glioma with relatively fewer copies.

Methods

Herein, we proposed that ZM could be detected with a high‐sensitive method of reverse transcriptase PCR with 50 amplification cycles. Via this newly proposed detection method, we depicted the incidence preference of ZM fusion in a cohort of 485 glioma patients. To further explore the oncogenic nature of ZM, we predicated the protein structure alteration of MET kinase brought by its fusion partner.

Results

The incidence of ZM fusions was much higher than previous report. ZM fusions exhibited a striking preference in lower‐grade glioma and secondary glioblastoma. By contrast, none of patients with primary glioblastoma was detected harboring ZM fusion. In each of the four variants of ZM, the fusion partner segment of MET contained a remarkable coiled‐coil motif. In glioma cells expressing ZM, MET kinase could be activated in a ligand‐independent manner, which might be contributed by the special coiled‐coil structure brought by the fusion partner. Corresponding to the 3D structural analysis and cell line experiment, the ZM positive clinical specimens showed hyperactivations of MET signaling.

Conclusions

ZM fusions are critical drivers of glioma progression and effective target of MET inhibitor. Early detection could be performed with a high‐sensitive method of reverse transcriptase PCR. The hyperactivations of MET signaling driving glioma progression might be contributed by a ligand‐independent activation enabled by the protein structure modification of extracellular domain of MET in ZM fusions.
Impact of introduction pathways on the spread and geographical distribution of alien species: Implications for preventive management in mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Riera Marc , Pino Joan , Melero Yolanda
Published: March 2021

Aim

To test whether alien species with contrasting introduction pathways differ in range size, geographical distribution and their relationship with environmental variables.

Location

Catalonia (NE Spain).

Methods

We obtained records of 869 alien species from the Catalan alien species database at the 10‐km UTM cell scale. For each species, we assigned its introduction pathways and minimum residence time (MRT). We then analysed species' range sizes in relation to their pathways and taxonomic group while accounting for MRT through linear models. We identified hotspots of alien species richness across pathways through local Gi* statistics, and we analysed their spatial congruence. We assessed the environmental drivers of alien species richness across pathways, by means of ordination methods.

Results

Range size was mostly equivalent among pathways, with species that escape or spread unaided reaching smaller range size than species introduced with contaminated commodities. Among taxonomic groups, range was smaller for terrestrial invertebrates compared to plants. The spatial pattern of hotspots of alien species richness showed low congruence across pathways. Proxies that pool the effect of colonization and propagule pressure were the main drivers increasing alien species richness across pathways (except for the unaided pathway).

Main conclusions

Differences among pathways can be related to a lack of human aid (unaided and contaminant pathways) and to trait selection (escape and contaminant pathways), while differences among taxonomic groups (terrestrial invertebrates and plants) may be related to dispersal capacity. The remaining pathways and taxonomic groups were similar in range size, suggesting shared underlying factors. Invasion risk from different human socio‐economic activities is spread over our study area rather than concentrated in unique high‐risk areas This can be the foundation for a prevention scheme that monitors areas susceptible to invasion for the different pathways.
Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss
Authors: Adame Maria F. , Connolly Rod M. , Turschwell Mischa P. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Fatoyinbo Temilola , Lagomasino David , Goldberg Liza A. , Holdorf Jordan , Friess Daniel A. , Sasmito Sigit D. , Sanderman Jonathan , Sievers Michael , Buelow Christina , Kauffman J. Boone , Bryan‐Brown Dale , Brown Christopher J.
Published: March 2021

Mangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change mitigation. Incorporating mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and their valuation on carbon markets requires predicting how the management of different land‐uses can prevent future greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO2 sequestration. We integrated comprehensive global datasets for carbon stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, and land‐use change drivers into a predictive model of mangrove carbon emissions. We project emissions and foregone soil carbon sequestration potential under ‘business as usual’ rates of mangrove loss. Emissions from mangrove loss could reach 2391 Tg CO2 eq by the end of the century, or 3392 Tg CO2 eq when considering foregone soil carbon sequestration. The highest emissions were predicted in southeast and south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, and the Bay of Bengal) due to conversion to aquaculture or agriculture, followed by the Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) due to clearing and erosion, and the Andaman coast (West Myanmar) and north Brazil due to erosion. Together, these six regions accounted for 90% of the total potential CO2 eq future emissions. Mangrove loss has been slowing, and global emissions could be more than halved if reduced loss rates remain in the future. Notably, the location of global emission hotspots was consistent with every dataset used to calculate deforestation rates or with alternative assumptions about carbon storage and emissions. Our results indicate the regions in need of policy actions to address emissions arising from mangrove loss and the drivers that could be managed to prevent them.
Potential prescribing omissions of anti‐osteoporosis drugs is associated with rehabilitation outcomes after fragility fracture: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shibasaki Koji , Asahi Toshiomi , Kuribayashi Mari , Tajima Yuriko , Marubayashi Miki , Iwama Risa , Akishita Masahiro , Ogawa Sumito
Published: March 2021

Aim

We investigated the association between rehabilitation outcomes and polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions in older adults with fragility fractures.

Methods

In total, we registered 217 older adults with fragility fractures (hip or vertebral) retrospectively and examined the association between rehabilitation outcome and polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions. Polypharmacy was defined as five or more drugs. Potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions were defined by the Beers criteria (2015) and the screening tool to alert to treatment criteria version 2, respectively. The outcome was functional independence measure gain (functional independence measure at discharge – functional independence measure at admission).

Results

Multiple regression analyses revealed no association between functional independence measure gain and polypharmacy (crude: β = 0.058, P = 0.858; adjusted model: β = 0.013, P = 0.869) or potentially inappropriate medications (crude: β = 0.100, P = 0.144; adjusted model: β = 0.084, P = 0.260). However, there was a significant association between functional independence measure gain and potential prescribing omissions (crude: β = 0.167, P = 0.014; adjusted model: β = 0.180, P = 0.016). Participants without potential prescribing omissions (in other words, participants who were prescribed anti‐osteoporosis drugs) had a greater functional independence measure gain than participants with potential prescribing omissions (in other words, those that were not prescribed anti‐osteoporosis drugs).

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that participants without potential prescribing omissions had significantly improved rehabilitation outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 386–391.
Psychological flexibility is associated with less diabetes distress and lower glycated haemoglobin in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nicholas Jennifer A. , Yeap Bu B. , Cross Donna , Burkhardt Melanie S.
Published: March 2021

Background

Diabetes distress, self‐efficacy and health literacy are associated with diabetes self‐management and health outcomes. Measures of coping styles and their impact on diabetes self‐management and diabetes‐related distress might add value in identifying those at risk of poorer health outcomes. Current evidence of associations between psychological flexibility/inflexibility and diabetes‐related health outcomes is limited.

Aims

To measure associations of psychological flexibility, self‐efficacy and health literacy with diabetes distress and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We surveyed 105 adults with type 1 diabetes attending a tertiary diabetes outpatient clinic (mean age 27 ± 7.1 years; 53% men; duration of diabetes 12.6 ± 8.5 years; HbA1c 72 ± 22 mmol/mol, 8.7 ± 2.0%; 34% using insulin pumps). We assessed psychological flexibility, self‐efficacy, health literacy and diabetes distress. Regression models explored the relative contributions of different factors to diabetes distress and HbA1c.

Results

The majority of health literacy scores were in the low‐risk range. Those with greater psychological flexibility had higher self‐efficacy (r = 0.34; P < 0.01) and reported less diabetes distress (r = −0.54; P < 0.001). In multiple regression analyses, psychological flexibility and self‐efficacy accounted for 36% of the variance in distress score (P < 0.001). Shorter duration of diabetes (P < 0.001) and greater psychological flexibility (P < 0.01) correlated with lower HbA1c. A 10‐point (one standard deviation) higher psychological flexibility score corresponded to a 0.5% lower HbA1c.

Conclusions

Greater psychological flexibility was associated with less diabetes distress and lower HbA1c. The psychological flexibility construct might inform alternative interventional approaches aiming to improve well‐being and glycaemic control.
Epigenetic regulation of T cell adaptive immunity
Authors: Frias Adolfo B. , Boi Shannon K. , Lan Xin , Youngblood Ben
Published: March 2021

The conceptualization of adaptive immunity, founded on the observation of immunological memory, has served as the basis for modern vaccination and immunotherapy approaches. This fundamental concept has allowed immunologists to explore mechanisms that enable humoral and cellular lymphocytes to tailor immune response functions to a wide array of environmental insults and remain poised for future pathogenic encounters. Until recently, for T cells it has remained unclear how memory differentiation acquires and sustains a gene expression program that grants a cell with a capacity for a heightened recall response. Recent investigations into this critical question have identified epigenetic programs as a causal molecular mechanism governing T cell subset specification and immunological memory. Here, we outline the studies that have illustrated this concept and posit on how insights into T cell adaptive immunity can be applied to improve upon existing immunotherapies.
Bupivacaine infiltration for acute postoperative pain management after cardiac surgery
Authors: Luque Oliveros Manuel , Morilla Romero de la Osa Rubén
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite increased attention, acute and persistent post‐operative pain are not treated efficiently and interventions against acute pain are therefore of clinical importance and should be welcomed.

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of wound infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine for pain management in the immediate post‐operative period in patients that underwent cardiac surgery with sternotomy.

Design

The study was performed employing a single‐centre nonrandomized experimental design to evaluate a prospective cohort of patients recruited from June to December of 2017.

Methods

A single‐centre study with a non‐randomized experimental design compared the pain perceived by 137 patients undergoing to cardiac surgery within which 68 patients who received infiltration of bupivacaine and 69 patients received infiltration with saline solution. Pain measures were made with the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Socio‐demographic and clinical variables were included too and descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

A statistically significant difference was found between the means of the NRS scores in favour of the intervention group. Cohen's d showed a significant effect size. NRS scores were grouped into NRS ≥4 or NRS <4 and similar results were found. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the absence of confounding factors that could call results into question.

Conclusion

Subcutaneous infiltration of 0.5% bupivacaine in the surgical site of patients who have undergone cardiac surgery showed clinically and statistically significant pain relief compared with patients who received saline infiltration throughout the first 12 hours after surgery. This intervention provides promising preliminary results that, alone or in conjunction with other nursing interventions, could constitute an important therapeutic tool for this area of nursing clinical practice.
Zero Is Something
Authors: Eisenkraft Arthur
Published: March 2021

In everyday language, “zero” and “nothing” are generally synonyms if not interchangeable. In physics, however, these two terms are quite distinct. Zero often refers to a number and nothing often refers to the vacuum state. Furthermore, the number zero has a variety of different meanings, among which physics teachers shift flexibly and effortlessly. This article informally describes some of the difficulties associated with the choice of zero in the context of gravitational potential energy, and relates an instructional approach that facilitates students’ understanding.
Acoustic Standing Waves: A Battle Between Models
Authors: Kok Karel , Boczianowski Franz
Published: March 2021

Science labs should promote reasoning that resembles the work that scientists do. However, this is often not the case. We present a lab in which students strive to find out which of two models best describes a physics experiment. The quantification of measurement uncertainties—another topic that is often neglected in high school curricula—determines the quality of the data, and will play a central role in the final decision between these models and is a vital skill in the modern world.
Human reaction times
Authors: Greenslade Thomas B.
Published: March 2021

You and I are standing together when someone sets off a firecracker behind us. After a quarter of a second you jump! I, being considerably older, jump well after you react to the shock. How do we measure this reaction time? In this note I will remind you of an old favorite and show you a new measurement apparatus, and then you will see how a quite different demonstration allows the measurement of human reaction time.
Gasdynamic Flow Control by Ultrafast Local Heating in a Strongly Nonequilibrium Pulsed Plasma
Authors: Starikovskiy A. Yu. , Aleksandrov N. L.
Published: March 2021

Abstract—

The paper presents a review of modern works on gasdynamic flow control using a highly nonequilibrium pulsed plasma. The main attention is paid to the effects based on ultrafast (on the nanosecond time scale for atmospheric pressure) local gas heating, since, at present, the main successes in controlling high-speed flows by means of gas discharges are associated with this thermal mechanism. Attention is paid to the physical mechanisms responsible for the interaction of the discharge with gas flows. The first part of the review outlines the most popular approaches for pulsed energy deposition in plasma aerodynamics: nanosecond surface barrier discharges, pulsed spark discharges, and femto- and nanosecond optical discharges. The mechanisms of ultrafast heating of air at high electric fields realized in these discharges, as well as during the decay of the discharge plasma, are analyzed separately. The second part of the review gives numerous examples of plasma-assisted control of gasdynamic flows. It considers control of the configuration of shock waves in front of a supersonic object, control of its trajectory, control of quasi-stationary separated flows and layers, control of a laminar–turbulent transition, and control of static and dynamic separation of the boundary layer at high angles of attack, as well as issues of the operation of plasma actuators in different weather conditions and the use of plasma for the de-icing of a flying object.
A note concerning Marcinkiewicz integral with rough kernel
Authors: Gürbüz Feri̇t
Published: March 2021

In this paper, applying some properties of rough kernel and using some technical lemmas, we prove various norm inequalities concerning Marcinkiewicz integral with rough kernel. Indeed, we extend some known results on singular integrals to Marcinkiewicz integrals.
Advancing Biophysics Using DNA Origami
Authors: Engelen Wouter , Dietz Hendrik
Published: March 2021

DNA origami enables the bottom-up construction of chemically addressable, nanoscale objects with user-defined shapes and tailored functionalities. As such, not only can DNA origami objects be used to improve existing experimental methods in biophysics, but they also open up completely new avenues of exploration. In this review, we discuss basic biophysical concepts that are relevant for prospective DNA origami users. We summarize biochemical strategies for interfacing DNA origami with biomolecules of interest. We describe various applications of DNA origami, emphasizing the added value or new biophysical insights that can be generated: rulers and positioning devices, force measurement and force application devices, alignment supports for structural analysis for biomolecules in cryogenic electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, probes for manipulating and interacting with lipid membranes, and programmable nanopores. We conclude with some thoughts on so-far little explored opportunities for using DNA origami in more complex environments such as the cell or even organisms.
Populism, Democracy, and Party System Change in Europe
Authors: Vachudova Milada Anna
Published: March 2021

How has populism transformed party systems in Europe? I survey the varieties of populism, the sources of their support and the different ways that they appeal to voters. I use data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey to explore whether populist parties are intensifying competition on the cultural dimension, accelerating the decline of mainstream parties, and increasing polarization. I argue that while left and center populist parties have upended existing structures of competition, it is longstanding conservative parties, remodeled using ethnopopulism, that have been the most consequential for the substance of political competition and the trajectory of domestic politics. I consider the behavior of incumbents and argue that varieties of populism should shape our expectations of what happens when populists rule: While left populist parties in power over the last decade have tended to become more ordinary, sometimes even shedding antiestablishment and anti-EU positions, ethnopopulist parties in power have used harsh “us-versus-them” appeals, misinformation, and democratic backsliding in their pursuit of more power.
Abstract IA006: Metastasis initiating cells and ecosystems
Authors: Massagué Joan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from primary tumors to distant organs, in the main cause of cancer death. Metastasis is initiated and sustained by a subset of cancer cells with stem-like and immune evasive properties, called metastasis initiating cells (MICs). We are investigating the mechanisms underlying the emergence and selection of MICs within primary tumors, and their microenvironment interactions during metastasis formation and resistance to therapy. Our recent progress suggests that MICs in carcinomas result from the adoption of a normal regenerative progenitor phenotype by malignant cells, a phenotype with intrinsic programs to survive the stresses of the metastatic process, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, enter a slow-cycling state for dormancy, evade immune surveillance, establish profitable interactions with organ-specific niches, and co-opt systemic factors to establish metastatic growth and recurrence after therapy. Our current work on lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer MICs is providing insights into the emergence and regenerative phenotype of these cells and their mechanisms of brain colonization and avoidance of immune surveillance. An improved understanding of the molecular detereminant of MIC phenotypes and their host ecosystems could yield therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.

Citation Format: Joan Massagué. Metastasis initiating cells and ecosystems [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA006.
Oncogenic KIT Modulates Type I IFN–Mediated Antitumor Immunity in GIST
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Etherington Mark S. , Hanna Andrew , Medina Benjamin D. , Vitiello Gerardo A. , Bowler Timothy G. , Param Nesteene J. , Levin Lillian , Rossi Ferdinand , DeMatteo Ronald P.
Published: March 2021

Type I IFNs are implicated in tumor immunogenicity and response to systemic therapy, but their interaction with oncogene signaling is not well understood. Here, we studied oncogenic KIT, which drives gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common sarcoma. Using mouse models of GIST, we found that KIT inhibition reduced type I IFN production and signaling, which downregulated tumor MHC class I expression. Absence of type I IFN signaling increased tumor size, in part due to CD8+ T-cell impairment. Oncogenic KIT was required for GIST type I IFN signal transduction via STAT1. In human GIST cell lines and surgical specimens, type I IFN signaling contributed to human lymphocyte antigen class I expression and correlated with tumor immunogenicity. Augmenting the type I IFN response partially compensated for the immunosuppressive effects of KIT inhibition. Thus, KIT signaling contributes to type I IFN signaling, whereas KIT inhibition attenuates tumor immunogenicity and is partly rescued by innate immune stimulation.

See related Spotlight on p. 489
Fueling the Revolution: Targeting Metabolism to Enhance Immunotherapy
Authors: Leone Robert D. , Powell Jonathan D.
Published: March 2021

The success of immune-checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies has established the remarkable capacity of the immune system to fight cancer. Over the past several years, it has become clear that immune cell responses to cancer are critically dependent upon metabolic programs that are specific to both immune cell type and function. Metabolic features of cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment impose constraints on immune cell metabolism that can favor immunosuppressive phenotypes and block antitumor responses. Advances in both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that metabolic interventions can dramatically enhance the efficacy of immune-based therapies for cancer. As such, understanding the metabolic requirements of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the limitations imposed therein, can have significant benefits for informing both current practice and future research in cancer immunotherapy.
Primary Results of the EVOLVE Short DAPT Study
Authors: Kirtane Ajay J. , Stoler Robert , Feldman Robert , Neumann Franz-Josef , Boutis Loukas , Tahirkheli Naeem , Toelg Ralph , Othman Islam , Stein Bernardo , Choi James W. , Windecker Stephan , Yeh Robert W. , Dauerman Harold L. , Price Matthew J. , Underwood Paul , Allocco Dominic , Meredith Ian , Kereiakes Dean J.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased bleeding, despite a reduced incidence of ischemic events. The SYNERGY everolimus-eluting stent is a thin-strut platinum-chromium stent that elutes everolimus from a thin abluminal layer of bioabsorbable polymer. These design elements may facilitate rapid endothelialization and enable shorter-duration DAPT.

Methods:

EVOLVE Short DAPT prospectively evaluated the safety of 3-month DAPT in high bleeding risk patients treated with the SYNERGY everolimus-eluting stent, enrolling 2009 patients at 110 global sites. Patients with acute myocardial infarction or complex lesions were excluded. After percutaneous coronary intervention, patients were required to take DAPT (aspirin+P2Y
12
inhibitor) for 3 months, except those on chronic anticoagulation in whom aspirin was optional. Patients free of events (stroke, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stent thrombosis) who discontinued P2Y
12
inhibitor at 3 months, but continued aspirin, and had at least 1 year of follow-up or an end point event were included in the primary analysis. Two powered coprimary end points were (1) death/myocardial infarction compared with a historical control and (2) study stent-related definite/probable stent thrombosis compared to a performance goal.

Results:

The analysis population consisted of 1487 patients. The adjusted rate of death/myocardial infarction between 3 and 15 months was 5.6% among patients receiving 3-month DAPT versus 5.7% patients in the 12-month DAPT control (propensity adjusted difference=−0.12%; 97.5% upper bound=1.63% which was less than the prespecified margin of 2.52;
P
non-inferiority
=0.0016). The rate of study stent-related stent thrombosis between 3-15 months was 0.2% in the 3-month DAPT group (97.5% upper bound=0.63%;
P
=0.0005 for comparison to 1% performance goal).

Conclusions:

Favorable rates of ischemic outcomes were observed among selected high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the SYNERGY everolimus-eluting stent who tolerated 3 months of P2Y
12
inhibitor and then discontinued it, supporting the safety of abbreviated DAPT with this stent platform.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02605447.
Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication and Incident Cardiovascular Events in Young Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Lee Hokyou , Yano Yuichiro , Cho So Mi Jemma , Heo Ji Eun , Kim Dong-Wook , Park Sungha , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: March 2021

Treatment and control rates for high blood pressure are unsatisfactory in young adults. Adherence to pharmacological treatment is alarmingly low, with absence of data on its consequences in young adults with hypertension. We investigated the association of antihypertensive medication nonadherence with incident cardiovascular events among young adults initiating pharmacological treatment for hypertension. From a nationwide health insurance database, we included 123 390 participants (75.1% male) of age 20 to 44 years, free of prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), who initiated pharmacological treatment for hypertension from 2004 through 2007. Participants were categorized as either adherent (proportion of days covered ≥0.8; n=45 350) or nonadherent (proportion of days covered <0.8; n=78 040) to antihypertensive medication during the first year of treatment. The primary outcome was composite CVD events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular death. Over a median follow-up of 10 years, 3002 new CVD events occurred. CVD incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were 191.0 in the adherent group and 282.1 in the nonadherent group. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for CVD events associated with nonadherence versus adherence was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.45–1.71). There was a dose-response association between medication adherence (in quartiles or continuous proportion of days covered) and CVD risk. In conclusion, among young adults who initiated pharmacological treatment for high blood pressure, poor medication adherence was associated with higher risk for future CVD events.
The Rose of Muḥammad, the Fragrance of Christ: Liminal Poetics in Medieval Anatolia
Authors: Pifer Michael
Published: March 2021

Although scent has played a diminished role in modern Western societies, it communicated a wide array of meanings to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in medieval Anatolia. This study examines the ubiquitous presence of fragrance in Persian and Armenian poetry, particularly in the works of Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d. 1273), his son Sulṭān Walad (d. 1312), and Kostandin Erznkatsʿi (fl. late thirteenth–early fourteenth cen.), a Christian Armenian poet of Erzincan. For these and other poets, olfaction served as a rich heuristic for sensing the divine essence in many contexts: in everyday customs, such as washing with rose water or the preparation of sherbet; in devotional practices, such as burning incense or receiving communion; and finally in the instruction of poetry itself.
The Views of Younger- and Older-Generation Chinese Descendants in Indonesia Regarding the Selection of Auspicious Dates
Authors: Ying Yi , Garcia Fiona , Novianti Zefanya
Published: March 2021

The research in this report is a first effort at understanding the differences among Chinese descendants in Indonesia concerning their views on the tradition of selecting an auspicious date. The study is based on interviews with twenty people of the older and twenty people of the younger generation of Chinese descent in Glodok Chinatown in Jakarta. The interviews reveal that the dominant factor that influences the views of the older generation is their life’s experience with this tradition, whereas for the younger generation the existence of the tradition within the family is dominant. The dominant factor that causes respondents to not believe in this tradition is their religious belief. The study also reveals that a lack of understanding of the background and history of selecting auspicious dates in the Chinese community is a major cause for the older as well as the younger generation to be reluctant to transmit this tradition to the next generation.
Mechanism for the Spatial Pattern of the Amplitude Changes in Tropical Intraseasonal and Interannual Variability under Global Warming
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Huang Ping , Liu Fei , Zhou Shijie
Published: March 2021

This study investigates what forms the spatial pattern of the amplitude changes in tropical intraseasonal and interannual variability—represented by the two most important variables, precipitation (ΔP′) and circulation (Δω′)—under global warming, based on 24 models from the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Diagnostic analyses reveal that the moisture budget and thermodynamic energy equations related to the ΔP′ and Δω′ proposed separately in previous studies are simultaneously tenable. As a result, we investigate the mechanism for the spatial pattern of Δω′ from the perspective of the moist static energy (MSE) balance mainly considering the positive contribution from vertical advection. Therefore, based on the simplified MSE balance, the spatial pattern of Δω′ can be approximately projected based on three factors: background circulation variability ω′, the vertical gradient of mean-state MSE , and its future change . Under global warming, the middle-level vertical gradient of MSE increases slightly over the Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent and decreases over the equatorial Pacific where the increase in sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds the tropical mean. The vertical gradient of mean-state MSE is modified by the increase in vertical gradients of moisture and dry static energy (DSE) simultaneously. In short, the change in the vertical gradient of mean-state MSE under global warming can influence the moisture budget and thermodynamic energy balances, resulting in the spatial pattern of ΔP′ and Δω′ at intraseasonal and interannual time scales consequently, mainly determined by the lower boundary moisture condition in the response of the SST change pattern.
Comparing Observations and Simulations of the Streamwise Vorticity Current and the Forward Flank Convergence Boundary in a Supercell Storm
Authors: Schueth Alex , Weiss Christopher , Dahl Johannes M.L.
Published: March 2021

The forward-flank convergence boundary (FFCB) in supercells has been well documented in many observational and modeling studies. It is theorized that the FFCB is a focal point fore baroclinic generation of vorticity. This vorticity is generally horizontal and streamwise in nature, which can then be tilted and converted to mid-level (3-6 km AGL) vertical vorticity. Previous modeling studies of supercells often show horizontal streamwise vorticity present behind the FFCB, with higher resolution simulations resolving larger magnitudes of horizontal vorticity. Recently, studies have shown a particularly strong realization of this vorticity called the streamwise vorticity current (SVC). In this study, a tornadic supercell is simulated with the Bryan Cloud Model at 125-m horizontal grid spacing, and a coherent SVC is shown to be present. Simulated range-height indicator (RHI) data show the strongest horizontal vorticity is located on the periphery of a steady-state Kelvin-Helmholtz billow in the FFCB head. Additionally, similar structure is found in two separate observed cases with the Texas Tech University Ka-band (TTUKa) mobile radar RHIs. Analyzing vorticity budgets for parcels in the vicinity of the FFCB head in the simulation, stretching of vorticity is the primary contributor to the strong streamwise vorticity, while baroclinic generation of vorticity plays a smaller role.
Machine Learning Steel Ms Temperature
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie
Published: March 2021

Empirical equations, thermodynamics frameworks, and neural network modeling have been developed to predict steel martensite start temperature, [Formula: see text], but they might not tend to generalize well when composition includes a wide range of alloying elements. In this study, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between alloying elements and [Formula: see text] temperature for steels. A total of 1119 steels with [Formula: see text] ranging from 153 K to 938 K are examined. The model has a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast low-cost [Formula: see text] temperature estimations.
Customer Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles in Travel and Tourism
Authors: Ribeiro Manuel Alector , Gursoy Dogan , Chi Oscar Hengxuan
Published: March 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the use of personal vehicles in travel, adoption of self-driving autonomous vehicles can radically transform the travel industry. Thus, this study develops and tests a conceptual autonomous vehicle acceptance model that identifies hedonic motivation, trust in autonomous vehicles and social influence as critical determinants of performance expectancy, perceived risk and emotions, which determine travelers’ intentions to use autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilizing the Cognitive Appraisal Theory and the Artificially Intelligent Device Use Acceptance model as conceptual frameworks. Findings indicate that trust is the most powerful determinant of performance expectancy and essential to decrease risk perceptions. Furthermore, performance expectancy and hedonic motivation are critical determinants of travelers’ positive emotions, which in turn determines the acceptance of AVs. Contribution to theoretical knowledge and implications for practice are provided, and limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.