bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The borderline with medical devices in the current Spanish legal framework
Authors: Antich Isern Pau , Aparicio Blanco Juan
Published: October 2022

Medical devices cover a wide range of products essential for healthcare. In 2017 a new European regulation covering them was approved that fully applies from 2021 onwards. In it, their legal definition, classification, conformity assessment procedures, requirements for the clinical investigations that asses their safety and/or performance, and European database are specified.
Despite the efforts for systematizing the legal definition of medical device in the new regulation, the determination of the legal status of devices known as ‘borderline products’, for which different regulations may apply (like in the borderline with food supplements, cosmetics, personal care products, biocides, personal protective equipment and consumer products), is not without difficulties. On account of their therapeutic significance, this review delves into the borderline between medicinal products and medical devices, and differentiates them from presentations where medicinal products and medical devices are used in combination, without constituting a borderline.
Establishing updated definitions, promoting transparency in the sector and preventing conflicts of interest should motivate all stakeholders to the periodic review of the regulation in a field in continuous technological evolution and development.
The Acute Consumption of an Isovolumic Water or Protein Shake Affects Body Composition as Determined via a Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Authors: Jiannine Lia , Evans Cassandra , Antonio Jose
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of consuming either591.5 mL of water or 591.5 mL of isovolumic protein shake (160 kcal, 3 g fat, 4 g carbohydrate, 30 g protein) on indices of body composition.
Methods: Forty-two recreationally active men (n=13) and women (n=29) (mean±SD – height 168±10 cm, age 22±5 yr, body mass 69.8±11.2 kg) consumed 591.5 mL of water or a protein shake in a randomized, crossover study. Body composition was assessed via multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (InBody 270) at baseline, immediately post-consumption (0 minutes), 30 minutes post-consumption, and 60 minutes post-consumption.
Results: There were no significant changes in body mass, lean body mass, and fat mass between the water and protein groups over the treatment period. In both water and protein groups, percent body fat was significantly greater (p<0.0001) at time points 0, 30, and 60 minutes compared to baseline.
Conclusions: The acute consumption of either water or an isovolumic protein shake resulted in a measurable increase in percent body fat immediately post-consumption as well as 30 and 60 minutes thereafter.
Metabolomic exploration of CTC tea manufacturing waste validates its potentiality as organic fertilizer
Authors: SARKAR Sahadeb , MAJUMDER Soumya , GHOSH Arindam , SAHA Sumedha , ACHARYYA Sukanya , CHAKRABORTY Sourav , BHATTACHARYA Malay
Published: October 2022

Valorization of agro-industrial waste resources is today’s main focus for agribiotechnologists. This research work was designed to valorise tea industrial waste, i.e., manufactured by-products from crush-tear-curl (CTC) tea factory. Physicochemical analysis has been carried out to characterize tea waste treated soil. Pot experiment with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was considered to study the impact of tea waste on plant growth. Morphological parameters such as length of plants and pods, and girth diameter were considered for growth study. Effect of tea factory waste on soil nutrition was found remarkable with increased organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur content. Pot culture revealed impact of tea waste composted soil on boosted plant growth. GC-MS based metabolite profiling revealed xanthosine and caffeine as major compounds in tea waste extract. A possible pathway has been proposed to explain the role of xanthosine and caffeine breakdown in fertilization of soil and plant growth. Disposal of tea wastes produced during tea manufacturing can be managed in a sustainable manner if this research is implemented industrially. This research portrays a notable nutrient richness in tea waste treated soil. Detection of purine metabolites revealed remarkable fertilizing and plant growth promoting properties of CTC tea waste.
Analyzing Existing Cyber Crime Policies in India
Authors: Ananya Dubey
Published: October 2022

In today’s world where everything is dependent on technology and the internet, where most of the population in today’s world easily works in cyberspace. As Internet brings so many advantages with it. it also brings a few disadvantages and one of them is Cyber Crime. These crimes have so many types and classifications that are common. But what’s most important is to stop them. So to stop these crimes many organizations and governments had made many laws and serious protocols. There are many laws existing currently across the world. But the thing is they are sufficient Have these crimes been reduced? And what are the reasons for this happening? Why do we still need some ways to combat these crimes?  What are these ways which will help us to deal with the current situation? What else should be added to the policies and what is it lacking? All these questions will be answered below in the research paper.
Extraction, isolation and identification of bioactive compound from extract of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn
Authors: Bhutkar K. G. , Balasubramaniam A.
Published: October 2022

Natural products are stored in plants, animals, and microorganisms, which are referred to as "natural sources generating compounds." Strong therapeutic substances are developed with the help of medicinal plants. As a source of several beneficial secondary metabolites that work as a plant's defensive system against predators including microorganisms, insects, and herbivores and have been shown to be potentially active chemicals, plant-based medicines provide a significant addition to current treatments. Common names for Euphorbia Thymifolia Linn (E. Thymifolia) include "duddi" and "Laghu didhika" and "Raktavindaka," respectively, in Sanskrit. It is a member of the Euphorbiceae family. This plant is used as a diuretic, laxative, and thermogenic. It is bitter, acrid, and sweet. This plant is commonly used in ayurveda to treat a variety of illnesses, including leprosy, helminthiasis, and ringworm skin infections. The current study's objective is to analyze the entire E. thymifolia Linn plant in order to isolate and identify bioactive components and determine its phytochemical profile. An established test technique that is documented in the literature was used to determine the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical elements. From a methanolic extract of E. thymifolia, a bioactive component was isolated and characterized.
Recetarios internacionales en la producción local de espacios urbanos. El caso de San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Jiménez Andrés , Zagt Pablo
Published: October 2022

Durante el siglo XXI, la globalización neoliberal se ha profundizado en espacios urbanos debido a su rol geoestratégico como lugares de flujos y concentración de capitales y personas. Los organismos internacionales son actores estratégicos en propagar proyectos que tienden a la neoliberalización de las ciudades en América Latina. Para ello utilizan narrativas neutras como sostenibilidad, creatividad e innovación para impulsar modos específicos de gestión urbana. Este trabajo se enfoca en el accionar del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la UNESCO en la transformación de la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica, analizando la Iniciativa de Ciudades Emergentes y Sostenibles (BID) y la Red de Ciudades Creativas (UNESCO). Ambos proyectos promueven crear condiciones urbanas para la competitividad, la innovación y el crecimiento económico, estimulando adecuaciones en el gobierno local y una intervención selectiva de la ciudad. Se estudia la interrelación entre proyectos de transformación local y las recetas internacionales. Se finaliza conceptualizando un urbanismo neoliberal sostenible y creativo.
Tuz Gölü Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Göllerinde Alg Çeşitliliği ve Potansiyel Siyanobakteri Toksisitesi
Authors: ATICI Tahir
Published: October 2022

Jeolojik bakımdan tektonik bir yapıya sahip olan Tuz Gölü Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi, Ramsar ölçütlerine göre biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması açısından büyük önem taşıyan “A Sınıfı” bir sulak alandır ve uluslararası ölçütlere göre korunmaktadır. Büyük bir sahayı kaplamasına karşın Türkiye’nin en sığ göllerine sahip olan Tuz Gölü Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi, yıllık ortalama 324 mm/m2 yağış miktarı ile ülkenin en kurak coğrafyasında yer almaktadır. Çalışmada bu göllerde yaşayan Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta ve Euglenophyta gruplarına ait türler teşhis edilmiştir. Porphyrosiphon versicolor 1,08 mg/L ile siyanotoksin üreten türler arasında en yoğun tür olarak belirlenmiştir. Tuz Gölü Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi’nde çeşitli kuş türlerinin besinini teşkil eden Artemia salina ve mikroskobik alglerden özellikle Dunaliella salina ile bazı diyatome ve siyanobakteri türleri bol miktarda bulunur. Fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri bakımından aylara göre farklılık gösteren aşırı tuzlu bu ortamda halofilik türler bulunmaktadır.
Scale of intensity and extent of the virus epidemic
Authors: Alendar Mustafa , Ajvaz Semina
Published: October 2022

The goal of this article is to investigate the possibility of establishing a Scale of intensity and extent of the virus epidemic, that would serve as a media presentation of the impact the epidemic in a particular area. In the public sphere, the scaling of natural events such as external temperature, earthquake, sea strength...etc. is already known and generally accepted. All these scales give us precise information about the phenomenon through the number/value shown on it.

The methods used in this work are constructing an original formula for calculating the scale / level based on publicly available information, and monitoring the results over ten months through an established website[1].

The result of this research is the successful establishment of a Scale with size from 0 to 8. Its function is to simply and clearly represent the intensity and extent of the Covid 19 virus for a country or region. The research from 20.03. 2021. to 31.01.2022. is confirmed that the current state measures introduced by different countries, coincide with the results of the scale.

This is a relative scale in the field of information science and is intended is to determine the intensity and extent of the impact of certain areas from viral epidemics.

The Scale (this - or some other scale) will reduce the consequences of the „infodemia“ of news and reports, from which the public can hardly understand the real state of the epidemic.

Covid 19 became an event with purport. This event is now presented so, that our mind can comprehend this external phenomenon. This Scale can also be used for epidemics / pandemics of other viruses.

[1] www.viruscale.info
Research progress on electrostatic discharge law of aircraft and radiation signal detection technology
Authors: Wang Huimin , Hu Xiaofeng , Xie Xining
Published: October 2022

At present, the number of combat aircraft in China is huge and in a stage of rapid development, and the electrostatic discharge effect of aircraft during flight has become one of the important issues related to the reliability and safety of aircraft; At the same time, the use of electrostatic discharge radiation signals to achieve aircraft detection and positioning is also an urgent need to develop an effective means of dealing with stealth technology, with significant advantages and broad prospects for military applications. In this paper, from the aspects of the harm of electrostatic discharge to aircraft, the characteristics and radiation laws of electrostatic discharge of aircraft, and the detection technology of electrostatic signal of aircraft, this paper expounds the research progress at home and abroad, analyzes the new problems faced by the electrostatic discharge effect of aircraft and static detection technology, and looks forward to the next research and development direction. The analysis results show that the research hotspots of aircraft electrostatic discharge effect and static detection technology focus on the new mechanism of electrostatic discharge and new radiation signal detection technology brought about by new materials, new environments, new loads and new requirements, and the work that needs to be focused on urgent research mainly includes the study of the integrated characteristics of multi-source electrostatic discharge of aircraft, the long-distance detection of electrostatic discharge information, and the evaluation method of the effect of electrostatic discharge on the airborne electronic system, etc., which provide technical support for improving the reliability and safety of aircraft during flight.
Over zingeving, recreatie en het ervaren van een scheiding
Authors: Geersing Monique , Need Ariana
Published: October 2022

In this article, the presence of alternative spirituality and its relationship to institutional religion is examined using data collected in Nijmegen between 1998 and 2004. Alternative practices are divided into two groups: practices concerned with personal well-being (Yoga) and practices concerned with alternative spirituality (New Age). First of all, our analyses showed that a majority of the Dutch is not very interested in alternative spirituality. Secondly, individuals believing in a God or higher power are more likely to engage with alternative practices. Belief in a God or higher power explains the lower engagement of non-church members in Yoga. However, these beliefs in a higher power cannot explain why individuals who are divorced are more likely to engage in alternative spirituality.
Wereldbestormende refomeisjes
Authors: Baars-Blom José M.
Published: October 2022

This article is based on anthropological research into the (re-)production of Reformed culture and the continued studies girls were choosing following their finals at the Pieter Zandt High School (Kampen, Netherlands) in 2005. This culture and the school’s identity are based on the Reformed theology which believes the Bible to be God’s infallible Word. Reformed people adhere to three confessions: the Heidelberg Catechism, the so-called Belgic Confession of Faith and the Canons of Dordt. The Holy Scriptures have authority on all aspects of life: family, school, church, society and personal life. The influence this Reformed culture has on the traditional preferred branches of study appears to be diminishing. In this article it will be argued that in the long run the girls’ choices will become the basis of cultural change within strict Reformed circles. Four types of female examinees are distinguished. The so-called ‘conscious confessors’ will successfully hold on to the ‘beliefs of the fathers’ as far as their values and morals are concerned, without closing their eyes to today’s world. The ‘conservative keepers’ will dedicate themselves to observing the Reformed rules of conducts, whether they know the underlying values and/or reflected on them or not. Innovation will come from the ‘easy innovators’, who will scrutinize the morals and values and replace them with alternatives if considered sensible. The ‘estranging in the margin’ are already halfway leaving the Reformed culture behind and further alienation is to be expected.
Onoverzichtelijke moderniteit
Authors: Hellemans Staf
Published: October 2022

In 1985 Jürgen Habermas characterised the contemporary Western society after 1960 as ‘Die neue Unübersichtlichkeit’ (translated as ‘the new opacity’ or ‘the new disorder’). Zygmunt Baumann has a predilection for the expression ‘Liquid modernity’. Karl Marx wrote already in 1848 that ‘all that is solid melts into air’. These three expressions point to a major tendency within (late) modernity towards disintegration and fluidity. In this article, first presented as a lecture at the second joint conference of the ‘Vlaams- Nederlandse Werkgroep Godsdienstsociologie’ and the journal ‘Religie en Samenleving’ in Tilburg in May 2007, I want to show that this tendency, which is also clearly visible in other societal domains as the economy, the polity or the sciences, strikes also deep chords within religion. For religion – included its conservative and fundamentalist currents – is no less an integral part of modernity. Starting point of the analysis is the distinction between three levels of religion: the religious field at the macro-level, the religions at the meso-level and the individual religiosity at the micro-level. After 1960, these three levels do grow further apart. The dissociation fortifies tendencies towards the fragmentation of the religious field, towards the precarisation and flexibilisation of the religions and towards chronic searching behaviour by and a sense of homelessness of the individuals.
Multikulti: uitdaging of ergernis?
Authors: Van der Tuin Leo , Ziebertz Hans-Georg
Published: October 2022

A comparison between the Netherlands and Germany, concerning religious, cultural and ethnic plurality seems to be very interesting because Germany has surely never defined itself as a multicultural population, as was historically the case in the Netherlands. While pupils in the highest grades of education are supposed to be the coming leaders in their countries, the question is even more interesting: do they continue the history of their parents? The research questions we formulated focus on their attitude to cultural and religious plurality in general, to their view on the question of truth and salvation in different religions and the relation between religions, and last to their attitude to foreigners, called immigrants in Germany and allochthons in the Netherlands. The outcomes of the research are in some way surprising. Dutch pupils – especially the boys – are more negative about the plurality than their German contemporaries. Belonging to a church in Germany appears to connect with a positive attitude to migrants, while in the Netherlands this isn’t important at all, there is a great indifference on this point: The chain of memory seems to be broken in different ways. For the Netherlands there is much to discuss.
A note on Paectes subapicalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A potential Sal defoliator in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Roychoudhury N. , Sambath S. , Kulkarni Nitin , Joshi K.
Published: October 2022

The present paper reports the findings of field study on the status of a Sal defoliator, Paectes subapicalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Euteliinae), in Madhya Pradesh. Observations clearly revealed that sudden population outburst of this insect occur in Sal forest with the onset of rain in the month of June during the season of leaf flushing and causes epidemic defoliation of Sal tree. The insect showed overlapping generations. Larval incidence was recorded to be about cent per cent. Larvae were observed to be voracious feeder, principally feed on young foliage of Sal. Some observations on the biology and feeding behaviour of this potential Sal defoliator were investigated and discussed in the light of the present findings.
Perbaikan Teknik Pengolahan Mete Gelondong Dan Diversifikasi Produk Kacang Mete Di Desa Mabodo Kecamatan Kontunaga Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: M Lapanga , Ruksanan Ruksanan , Utha Rasidin , Danggi Erni
Published: October 2022

Program kemitraan masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada unit mitra usaha pengolahan jambu mete desa Mabodo Kecamatan Kontunaga Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, dengan tujuan untuk: (1) meningkatkan produktivitas usahatani dan nilai tambah aneka produk olahannya, (2) peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat terhadap teknologi pengolahan jambu mete, (3) penciptaan kesempatan kerja, (4) meningkatkan pendapatan petani serta devisa negara. Jambu mete sebagai komoditi eksport dan produk unggulan daerah Sultra secara nasional luasnya 22,46% dan berada diperingkat kedua setelah NTT (32,26%), yang dalam 5 tahun terakhir produktivitasnya menurun. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor umur tanaman tua, lahan terlantar, petani kekurangan pangan dan terjebak dalam lingkaran spiral berbahaya atau kemiskinan (Poverty traps). Sasaran PKM adalah untuk perbaikan; (1) penanganan biji gelondong, (2) metode pengolahan mete, (3) manajemen pemasaran. Pendekatan PKM ; (1) metode technology tranfer, (2) metode entrepreneurship capacity building. Hasil PKM adalah (1) penataan ruang penanganan bahan baku biji mete gelondong, (2) bintek perbaikan alat pengolah pengkacipan kulit biji mete gelondong dengan metode pengukusan, (3) bintek manajemen produk kacang mete dan klasifikasi size serta pengemasan, (4) bintek diversifikasi produk kacang mete, size mete goreng dan pengemasan, (5) bintek diversifikasi produk kacang mete, (6) manajemen kewirausahaan kacang mete telur dan kopi mete metode bauran produk 5P. Hasil analisis kinerja PKM adalah membentuk spirit kewirausahaan Aneka usaha kacang mete dan industri pengolahan produk unggulan daerah skala UMKM.
PENGEMBANGAN USAHA WARUNG KOPI MENGGUNAKAN KOPI LOKAL DAERAH SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Sufrianto Sufrianto , Danggi Erni
Published: October 2022

Kebutuhan kopi yang semakin meningkat membuat pemilik warung kopi berupaya meningkatkan kualias dan rasa, sehigga dapat memadukan atau mencampur beberapa jenis varian kopi menjadi salah satu jenis minuman kopi baru dengan citra rasa tersendiri. Saat ini salah satu warung kopi yang menjadi mitra Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) adalah Warkop Wayong yang bertempat di jalan Wayong Kelurahan Tobuha Kecamatan Puuwatu Kota Kendari, dalam upaya pengembangan produk kopi bau-bau atau kopi. Permasalahan pokok yang dialami Warkop Wayong adalah kualitas minuman kopi yang ada belum memadai dengan proses roasting manual sehingga masak tidak merata, proses Grinder dengan alat yang kecil dan proses ekstraksi masih dibawah standar. Untuk mengatasi permaslahan tersebut maka dibutuhkan alat yang mempunyai kualitas lebih baik dan berkapasitas besar khususnya grinder, dan selanjutnya mitra diberikan pelatihan bagaimana cara Roasting, Grinder, Estraksi dan Manajemen Keuangan yang baik Hasil dari kegitan PKM ini pemilik Warung Kopi dapat menggunakan Alat-alat seperti Grinder, Alat Roasting, dan Alat Ekspresso sehingga menghasilkan Kopi Lokal dengan Citra Rasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu pemilik warung kopi juga sudah menggunakan Aplikasi Keuangan yang berbasis Online dan manajemen pemasaran dengan metode E-Commerce.
PENGARUH JENIS AIR KELAPA DAN KONSENTRASI GULA TERHADAP KUALITAS SIRUP AIR KELAPA
Authors: Ruksanan Ruksanan , Ari Rustan , Puguh I Wayan , Panga La , Oge La , Wahyuni A
Published: October 2022

Sirup merupakan larutan gula pekat dengan atau tanpa penambahan tambahan makanan yang diizinkan. Sirup memiliki kadar kekentalan yang cukup tinggi serta kadar gula dalam sirup antara 55-65%. Pembuatan sirup dapat ditambahkan pewarna dan asam sitrat untuk menambah warna dan cita rasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil (1) Interaksi Perlakuan Jenis air kelapa dan konsentrasi gula terhadap produk sirup air kelapa yang dihasilkan baik dan diperlukan untuk dikembangkan. (2) Pengaruh Jenis air kelapa muda lebih baik digunakan untuk pembuatan sirup air kelapa dibandingkan dengan jenis air kelapa tua.(3) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gula pada pembuatan sirup air kelapa memperlihatkan pengaruh sangat baik terhadap kualitas sirup air kelapa yang dihasilkan. (4)Perlakuan terbaik yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan jenis air kelapa muda dan konsentarsi gula 90% (K2G3), Hal ini bila ditinjau dari analisa Kadar Total Gula, Kadar Vitamin C, uji organoleptik Nilai Warna, Aroma, Rasa dan Tekstur.
Workplace violence against nurses in the emergency department of hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Khan Sheraz , Ahmed Amir , Jamil Kinza , Rafiq Safia
Published: October 2022

In many countries, there is serious concern regarding workplace violence in the healthcare profession. Nursing is one of the profession in healthcare that is mostly exposed to various types of violence. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, experiences, responses, and effects of workplace violence against nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on emergency nurses regarding workplace violence in KPK Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was used to collect the data from June 2 and July 2, 2022. The sample size was 102 and the nurses who worked in the emergency department for six months were included in this study. Results: Females made up two-thirds of the study participants (64.7 percent, n = 66). Almost half of the participants (45.1%) had less than five years of experience. Majority of participants (92.2 percent) were verbally abused. More than half of the participants had been exposed more than three times, 35.3% and 31.4% had experienced this in night and morning shifts respectively. Only 39.2% of nurses were counselled by hospital management after workplace violence (WPV). Conclusions: The emergency department at KPK Hospital experiences workplace violence quite regularly, according to this study. A major blow to the nursing profession is caused by the poor level of job satisfaction among ED nurses
Terapi Realitas di Pondok Pesantren (Studi Fenomenologi Santri Kurang Percaya Diri di Pesantren Syarifuddin)
Authors: Arifin Fawaid Zainal
Published: October 2022

Setiap tahun ajaran baru, pengurus selalu menemukan problem terkait santri yang tidak kerasan nyantri karena dipaksa nyantri oleh orang tuanya. Sebanyak 150 santri baru ada 50 santri yang nyantri dipaksa oleh orang tuanya. Hal inilah yang menjadi salah satu alasan mengapa perlu dilakukan riset. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses, kondisi sebelum dan sesudah Terapi Realitas di Pondok Pesantren. Dengan menggunakan kualitatif metodologi fenomenologi riset. Penelitian semacam ini terfokus pada cara bagaimana kita mempersepsi realitas yang tampak melalui pengalaman atau kesadaran. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa proses pelaksanaan terapi realitas merupakan bagian dari langkah-langkah yang ada dalam proses konseling. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan oleh konselor dalam proses konseling yaitu langkah identifikasi masalah, diagnosis, prognis, treatment, dan evaluasi. Langkah kedua memakai teknik-teknik terapi salah satunya bertindak menjadi guru. Hasil dari penerapan terapi realitas terhadap santri sangat membuahkan hasil. Santri sudah mulai tidak suka murung, menangis, ingin pulang rumah, dan sudah suka mengikuti kegiatan pondok pesantren.
Bacteriological quality and prevalence of foodborne bacteria in broiler meat sold at live bird markets at Mymensingh City in Bangladesh
Authors: Julqarnain Shahjada , Bose Palash , Rahman Md , Khatun Mst , Islam Md
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study assessed the bacteriological quality and prevalence of foodborne bacteria in raw broiler meat sold in Mymensingh City.
Materials and Methods: Thigh and breast meat samples (n = 80) from broiler chickens were randomly collected from four live bird markets (LBM) in Mymensingh city for bacteriological analysis. To determine the bacteriological quality, a 10-fold serial dilution of the thigh and breast homogenate was made. Then, total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), Staphylococci, and Salmonella spp. counts were determined using plate count agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Gram stain, biochemical testing, PCR assays, and cultural properties were used to identify the bacterial isolates.
Results: The TVC in the broiler meat sample ranged between log10 8.30 ± 0.54 colony forming unit (CFU)/gm and log10 9.04 ± 0.26 CFU/gm. TCC was found between log10 5.53 ± 0.38 CFU/gm and log10 6.66 ± 0.80 CFU/gm. The mean Staphylococcal count was recorded between log10 4.64 ± 0.61 CFU/gm and log10 6.42 ± 0.53 CFU/gm, and the total Salmonella count ranged between log10 4.75 ± 0.08 CFU/gm and log10 5.69 ± 0.58 CFU/gm. The prevalence of Escherichia coli was the highest (43.2%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (36.8%) and Salmonella spp. (20%), respectively.
Conclusions: Data from this study indicated that the TVC and TCC of raw broiler meat sold at LBM exceed the permissible limits and are contaminated with foodborne bacteria, which might cause public health hazards.
Wound healing effects and antibacterial properties of heterologous platelet-rich plasma on Staphylococcus aureus induced septic wounds in rabbits
Authors: Sultana Mst , Akter Mst , Yesmin Nelema , Haque Md , Rahman Marzia , Alam Md
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study has been designed to determine the effectiveness of heterologous plate¬let-rich plasma (hPRP) against infected wounds in rabbits.
Materials and Methods: Staphylococcus aureus contamination was present in 24 surgical inci¬sions, each 8 mm in diameter. The animals were then divided into two groups as follows: group A, also known as the hPRP group, received topically applied, freshly manufactured hPRP twice weekly, and group B, also known as the control group, only received sterile saline. Evaluations of the histological architecture of wounds, posttherapeutic morphology, morphometry, and in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial potentials of hPRP were made.
Results: Rabbits that were given hPRP exhibited quicker rates of wound contraction and shorter healing times. The samples from day 7 in the hPRP group showed less inflammation and more structured fibroblasts than those from the control wounds, according to histological analysis. On day 21 of the histological examination, the hPRP group’s epidermis showed notable thickening. As demonstrated by in-vitro antibacterial activity, undiluted hPRP successfully suppressed S. aureus growth. A serum biochemical analysis showed that hPRP had no harmful effects on the liver or kidneys.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the histological features, antibacterial properties, and wound morphology, it can be said that hPRP gel holds promise as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of wound infections.
An improved Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression for rapid quantification of total aflatoxins in commercial chicken feeds and food grains
Authors: Salisu Bahauddeen , Anua Siti , Rosli Wan , Mazlan Nurzafirah
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic technique combined with a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model for rapid quantification and monitoring of aflatoxins in chicken feeds and food grains.
Materials and Methods: A model of ATR-FTIR-PLSR was developed using ATR-FTIR spectra of mixed aflatoxin standards in 100% acetonitrile (112 samples) and 75% methanol (112 samples), validated by testing its prediction on 125 feed/food samples spiked with variable concentrations of aflatoxins, and applied to screen 660 samples of commercial chicken feeds and food grains from Nigerian and Malaysian markets for total aflatoxins, for which the dietary exposure risks to aflatoxins (DERA) and associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risks were evaluated for both countries.
Results: The ATR-FTIR-PLSR model demonstrated excellent prediction power [R2 = 99.59%, p = 0.001, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 1.69, RMSE p = 1.98, bias = −0.26], sensi¬tivity (limit of quantitation and limit of the method < 5.0 ng/gm), precision (coefficient of variation = 0.97–1.72), and accuracy (% recovery of 88%–106%) in all the spiked samples. The model’s pre¬diction was statistically reliable (R2 = 99.8%, p < 0.05) when compared with a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Levels of aflatoxins in the commercial samples signify high DERA (0.92–138.2 ng of aflatoxins/kg BW/day) and HCC risk (1.07%–159.91% of HCC/100,000 people/ year) in the exposed populations.
Conclusions: Results feature the conceivable implementation of the proposed ATR-FTIR-PLSR model for rapid, accurate determination and monitoring of aflatoxins in commercial chicken feeds and food grains; and the need to strengthen aflatoxin control/prevention strategies in the study populations.
Detection and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria at our health-care center
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Surani Chandani , Chauhan Meghana
Published: October 2022

Background: Emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains of Gram-negative bacteria can lead to serious infections frequently complicates the clinical and treatment outcome.

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to know the prevalence of ESBLs and to know the most common Gram-negative bacteria, which produce ESBLs at our health-care facility.

Materials and Methods: This study comprised all of the isolates of Gram-negative bacteria that were acquired from various clinical samples. For the purpose of the investigation, a sample of an isolate that showed resistance to two or more third-generation cephalosporins was taken. ESBL detection and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out using conventional microbiological techniques.

Results: We isolated a total of 284 Gram-negative bacteria and 54 (19%) were identified as ESBL producers. Out 54 ESBL producers, 18 (33%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 11 (20%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12 (22%) were Klebsiellae, 6 (11%) were Enterobacter, 2 (4%) were Citrobacter, 4 (8%) were Acinetobacter, and 1 (2%) were Serratia spp.

Conclusion: Clinical decision-makers can make the best antibiotic treatment by regularly monitoring multi-drug resistant bacteria like ESBL producers. This also helps to improve infection control procedures. In addition, we must maintain reserve medications like carbapenems on hand for judicial use.
DOCÊNCIA ON-LINE NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Dos Santos Pinheiro Marcos Fábio , Marinho Campelo Cássio
Published: October 2022

Relatar o papel docente na educação on-line e ensino remoto no Curso de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em APS na formação médica e suas adaptações pedagógicas na pandemia. Relato de experiência em docência no Curso em Formação Docente na ESP/CE, de julho de 2019 a dezembro de 2020, abrangendo 50 docentes divididos nas US vinculadas às seis SERs de Fortaleza, por meio de relatos nos encontros docentes. As tecnologias de ensino remoto surgiram para minimizar os efeitos da pandemia e atingir os objetivos do programa. O ensino remoto facilitou a adaptação de horários, propiciando a continuidade das atividades e o cumprimento dos protocolos sanitários, mas houve uma maior dificuldade dos alunos em interagir e se sentirem motivados. O papel desempenhado foi exemplar. Os docentes foram capazes de desenvolver novas formas de ensinar e de aprender, ressignificando suas práticas pedagógicas e garantindo o fornecimento do conteúdo proposto pelo Curso.
PRECEPTORIA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Gonçalves de Lima Geilson
Published: October 2022

Relatar a experiência de uma ação de educação permanente durante a pandemia da COVID – 19, por meio da preceptoria do internato em Saúde Coletiva do Curso de Medicina, assim como refletir sobre a importância dessa atividade para os estudantes e preceptora. Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido pela preceptoria do internato para capacitação dos alunos em relação ao manejo de paciente suspeito ou confirmado com Covid-19, de março a julho de 2021. Os profissionais participaram ativamente do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, através do estudo em grupo dos protocolos de manejo de Covid-19; atenderam pacientes sob supervisão, externaram sentimentos relacionados ao momento de pandemia e refletiram sobre suas práticas. A experiência revela fragilidade durante o processo de educação permanente como a limitação de conhecimentos para abordagem de pacientes com COVID-19, necessidade de atualização constante e manejo de sentimentos pertinentes aos processos formativos.
REFLEXÃO EM TORNO DA SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM MÉDICOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Magalhães Tahim Marinho Marília , Paiva dos Santos Artur
Published: October 2022

Refletir acerca dos fatores envolvidos no adoecimento mental entre os médicos, com destaque para o desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Ensaio reflexivo realizado entre agosto e outubro de 2021, a partir da experiência de uma médica em cenário formativo de Atenção Primária. A literatura evoca desvios do processo laboral que põem em risco a saúde mental do profissional da linha de frente. Surge, então, a necessidade de reestruturar os processos de formação e de trabalho, tendo como foco a promoção da saúde da equipe com vários recursos que visam diminuir a sobrecarga. A SB emerge como um problema de saúde pública e deve ser colocada em pauta para que se possa construir ambientes protetores para os que, cuidando da saúde dos outros, esquecem a sua.
EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE DE TRABALHADORES DA SAÚDE EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Sarreta Fernanda de Oliveira , Reis de Carvalho Liporoni Andréia Aparecida , Braga Bisco Gabriela Cristina , Teixeira Alves dos Santos Elaine , Dias Lima Edilaine , Da Silveira Daniela Helena
Published: October 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relevância da Educação Permanente em Saúde como política e estratégia do Sistema Único de Saúde para formação de trabalhadoras(es), no contexto de crises da pandemia da Covid-19. A partir da perspectiva crítica e dialética, aponta elementos para desvendar essa realidade em sua totalidade, a importância da integração formação-trabalho, com referência em estudos, pesquisas e extensão, no período de 2020 e 2021, da universidade pública do interior de São Paulo. Os resultados evidenciam um cenário de precarização das condições de vida, ausência de preparação de recursos humanos da saúde, negacionismo da técnica e da ciência. A discussão destaca a potencialidade do Sistema que, mesmo subfinanciado e precarizado, deu respostas às demandas e necessidades da população. A estratégia tem potencialidade para transformar a realidade, apropriar o conceito ampliado de saúde e construir espaços de diálogos, para dar conta do enfrentamento da pandemia.

Palavras-chave: Sistema Único de Saúde. Educação em Saúde. Pandemia.
Research on a quantitative trading strategy based on high-frequency trading
Authors: Liu Chang , Shan Huilin , Tian Zhihao , Cheng Hangyu
Published: October 2022

This article aims to develop a quantitative trading strategy that maximizes profits while finding the best balance of risk and return. We built a high-frequency trading strategy model to maximize profits. We first used the Apriori algorithm to find frequency item sets in historical data before fitting the best daily dynamic position adjustment functions for gold and bitcoin using mathematical statistics and other methods based on price movements. Then we can trade to increase and decrease positions in gold and bitcoin based on the positions suggested by the dynamic position adjustment function. We also simulated three investors with different risk preferences trading using this high-frequency trading model for up to five years and obtained return of 266.05 %, 152.51 %, and 33.29 %, respectively.
Comparison of the Markowitz Model and Index Model for Portfolio Optimization in the Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Qin Chaoran
Published: October 2022

Markowitz Model (MM) and Sharpe’s Single Index Model (SIM) are two classical and practical models in portfolio theory. Currently the Chinese stock market is booming, therefore, it is worth testing whether MM and SIM can effectively spread the risk in Chinese security market. This paper establishes the MM and SIM based on the monthly observations of 10 stocks and CSI300. During the analysis process, there is an additional optimization constraint that selling short is not allowed. Finally, some conclusions are obtained: first, the constraint has a significant impact on the optimal portfolio, while the minimum-variance portfolio is very little affected. What’s more, although both MM and SIM can effectively disperse the specific risk, SIM have better performance in the Chinese stock market by providing higher rewards given the same risk level and bearing lower risk given a certain return. These conclusions are of great significance to investors in the Chinese security market, which can help them obtain the maximum utility through asset diversification.
Retailer's credit preference under perfect competition Based on the Stackelberg model
Authors: Liu Shuiqing
Published: October 2022

Trade credit is provided by suppliers to meet the purchase needs of retailers, playing a more and more important role in trade. In this paper, the effects of preferential credit on retailers' business decisions are investigated under capital constraints in a perfectly competitive market. In this game model, the loan competition conditions are considered when banks and manufacturers offer preferential credit to capital-constrained retailers. In the proposed model, different credit lines and preferential credit discount rates are mainly related to the exogenous collateral of retailers and the risk appetite of banks and manufacturers. The effects of bank financing and trade credit on a retailer's inventory decision are also discussed under different circumstances of whether the retailer's financing amount exceeds the credit limit. The equilibrium wholesale price and optimal order quantity of retailers under different circumstances are deduced. Moreover, the effects of discount rate, institutional risk preference and collateral quality on the two are obtained. These results reveal that the factors affecting the decision-making of retailers and manufacturers are also different in different situations.
The Application of Monte Carlo Simulation and Mean-variance in Portfolio Selection
Authors: Li Qinying , Zhong Wenyue
Published: October 2022

This paper manages to construct an efficient portfolio that has a better return than the market index. This portfolio is unique because its five assets have been carefully picked from different industries to diversify risk, which is rarely seen in other research. First, this article uses Monte Carlo simulation to generate a possible portfolio and calculate the weight of each asset in different scenarios. Second, it uses the mean-variance model to measure the risk and return of the portfolio. Based on the accessed data, this study finds that the daily return of the minimum volatility portfolio outruns the market index, and it also determines the weight of each stock in the minimum volatility portfolio. The paper provides feasible ways of constructing an efficient portfolio, such as how to select stocks and allocate assets. The results in this paper may benefit the related investors in financial markets and help them find efficient portfolio that outruns the market index.
Role of Mother's Education in Developing Children's Empathy
Authors: Amna Murad  , Saira Khan
Published: October 2022

We learn an abundance of useful skills for a lifetime, during our first few years of life – our mothers playing a vital role in having a major influence in our personality formations, skill sets and the nature of goals we are nudged toward. Whereas an educated mother helps her child to form views regarding the world, far broadened and contemporary as compared to children of uneducated mothers. As a child is treated with continuous high quality of care-giving and is raised in a pro-social positive environment, he or she develops a basic understanding of the incumbent benefits of having an empathic attitude towards family, friends and people at large. This research article seeks to establish the relation between mother’s education and children’s empathy level. The impetus for research is the plethora of everyday incidents taking place in our homeland, Pakistan whereby empathic skill at the root level seems invisible in the personalities of violence perpetrators and criminals. This vagrant evil may not sustain into the following decades, if we may acclimate young children to have personalities that are innately generous, kind and empathic, thus moving towards building a caring society. Long term consequences of this research are aimed at developing a national empathy program for schools, and parent-child workshops, whereby fostering empathy and kindness in upcoming generations for the betterment of our society and country.
Elizabeth Bishop and the Watery Discourse: The Semiotic Chora at play
Authors: Cheema Amna Umer
Published: October 2022

This paper theorizes the use of water imagery in Elizabeth Bishop’s selected postmodern poetry namely, “The Map”, “The Imaginary Iceberg” and “The Man-Moth”. Speaking in the language of tears, lake, bay, river, strait, sea and ocean, Bishop personifies water for culture and its language. It is on this basis that Bishop comes close to the French psychoanalyst and linguist, Julia Kristeva’s concept of the semiotic chora. Kristeva calls it a space of maternal discourse, where the fluid realm of mother’s body called chora celebrates the fluidity of semiotic desires and expresses them through the symbolic language of the world outside her body. Bishop revisits this bodily space, time and again,  to acquire subjectivity through the mother/child bond. Bishop’s poetic language celebrates this relationship between the semiotic (maternal) and symbolic (paternal) realm of language. The symbolic enables the semiotic to express itself, and the semiotic shatters the rigidity of the symbolic meanings through an ongoing process of signification. This reciprocity, through the semiotic chora, makes Bishop’s identity fluid and always in motion towards multiplicity. This plurality brings newness to Bishop’s poetry and engages the researcher with fresh perspectives of outer vision, inner perception, structural patterns and make her poetry eventful.