bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARD9 attenuates Aβ pathology and modifies microglial responses in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Ennerfelt Hannah , Holliday Coco , Shapiro Daniel A. , Zengeler Kristine E. , Bolte Ashley C. , Ulland Tyler K. , Lukens John R.
Published: June 2023

Recent advances have highlighted the importance of several innate immune receptors expressed by microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, mounting evidence from AD patients and experimental models indicates pivotal roles for TREM2, CD33, and CD22 in neurodegenerative disease progression. While there is growing interest in targeting these microglial receptors to treat AD, we still lack knowledge of the downstream signaling molecules used by these receptors to orchestrate immune responses in AD. Notably, TREM2, CD33, and CD22 have been described to influence signaling associated with the intracellular adaptor molecule CARD9 to mount downstream immune responses outside of the brain. However, the role of CARD9 in AD remains poorly understood. Here, we show that genetic ablation of CARD9 in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD results in exacerbated amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, increased neuronal loss, worsened cognitive deficits, and alterations in microglial responses. We further show that pharmacological activation of CARD9 promotes improved clearance of Aβ deposits from the brains of 5xFAD mice. These results help to establish CARD9 as a key intracellular innate immune signaling molecule that regulates Aβ-mediated disease and microglial responses. Moreover, these findings suggest that targeting CARD9 might offer a strategy to improve Aβ clearance in AD.
split-intein Gal4 provides intersectional genetic labeling that is repressible by Gal80
Authors: Ewen-Campen Ben , Luan Haojiang , Xu Jun , Singh Rohit , Joshi Neha , Thakkar Tanuj , Berger Bonnie , White Benjamin H. , Perrimon Norbert
Published: June 2023

The split-Gal4 system allows for intersectional genetic labeling of highly specific cell types and tissues in
Drosophila
. However, the existing split-Gal4 system, unlike the standard Gal4 system, cannot be repressed by Gal80, and therefore cannot be controlled temporally. This lack of temporal control precludes split-Gal4 experiments in which a genetic manipulation must be restricted to specific timepoints. Here, we describe a split-Gal4 system based on a self-excising split-intein, which drives transgene expression as strongly as the current split-Gal4 system and Gal4 reagents, yet which is repressible by Gal80. We demonstrate the potent inducibility of “split-intein Gal4” in vivo using both fluorescent reporters and via reversible tumor induction in the gut. Further, we show that our split-intein Gal4 can be extended to the drug-inducible GeneSwitch system, providing an independent method for intersectional labeling with inducible control. We also show that the split-intein Gal4 system can be used to generate highly cell type–specific genetic drivers based on in silico predictions generated by single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) datasets, and we describe an algorithm (“Two Against Background” or TAB) to predict cluster-specific gene pairs across multiple tissue-specific scRNA datasets. We provide a plasmid toolkit to efficiently create split-intein Gal4 drivers based on either CRISPR knock-ins to target genes or using enhancer fragments. Altogether, the split-intein Gal4 system allows for the creation of highly specific intersectional genetic drivers that are inducible/repressible.
Tumor cell–derived spermidine is an oncometabolite that suppresses TCR clustering for intratumoral CD8
+
T cell activation
Authors: Hibino Sana , Eto Shotaro , Hangai Sho , Endo Keiko , Ashitani Sanae , Sugaya Maki , Osawa Tsuyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Taniguchi Tadatsugu , Yanai Hideyuki
Published: June 2023

The activation and expansion of T cells that recognize cancer cells is an essential aspect to antitumor immunity. Tumors may escape destruction by the immune system through ectopic expression of inhibitory immune ligands typically exemplified by the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. Here, we reveal another facet of tumor evasion from T cell surveillance. By secretome profiling of necrotic tumor cells, we identified an oncometabolite spermidine as a unique inhibitor of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Mechanistically, spermidine causes the downregulation of the plasma membrane cholesterol levels, resulting in the suppression of TCR clustering. Using syngeneic mouse models, we show that spermidine is abundantly detected in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and that administration of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor effectively enhanced CD8
+
T cell–dependent antitumor responses. Further, the combination of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint antibody resulted in a much stronger antitumor immune response. This study reveals an aspect of immunosuppressive TIME, wherein spermidine functions as a metabolic T cell checkpoint that may offer a unique approach for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
How can perspectives from Applied Linguistic Historiography
improve our understanding of innovation?
Authors: Smith Richard , Giesler Tim
Published: June 2023

As an emerging interdisciplinary, plurilingual
and intercultural field (McLelland & Smith, 2018), the History of Language
Learning and Teaching – and associated considerations of Applied
Linguistic Historiography (Smith, 2016) – can be expected to provide useful
perspectives on innovation: how, when and why to
attempt it and how to sustain it, but also, from a relatively
philosophical perspective, how to define and assess it. Innovation,
after all, is an activity, or a construct, which is inextricably
bound up with views of the past, whether imagined or
well-researched – a past seen to be in need of replacement or at
least reconstruction. Researching the past can, indeed, give rise to
considerations of whether – and, if so, why and how – innovation
occurs, or is seen to be required at all. In this introduction to a
book devoted to historical perspectives on innovation, we consider
three specific ways in which Applied Linguistic Historiography can
contribute to a revised understanding of innovation in language
teaching and we identify ways in which the chapters in the book shed
new light on its nature, causes, effects and rationale.
La linguistique appliquée
Authors: Whyte Shona
Published: June 2023

At the creation of the Association
Internationale de Linguistique Appliquée (AILA) in
1964, the new field of applied linguistics was marked by
international collaboration on second and foreign language teaching
among linguists in the US, the UK, and France. Over six decades
later, while applied linguistics is a well-established discipline
around the world, la linguistique appliquée is a
much less common term in France. Research on FL teaching is called
la didactique des langues [language didactics]
and involves language teaching theories drawing more on education
theory than applied linguistics. This paper explores the reasons for
this French exception, focusing on its theoretical underpinnings,
institutional foundations and acceptance by teachers and teacher
educators in mid 20th-century France as compared to other founding
countries of AILA.
Describing and learning the Chinese languages
Authors: Gianninoto Mariarosaria
Published: June 2023

The first works on Chinese languages destined for
Western learners were compiled at the end of the 16th century, but
it was not until the 19th century that such works were compiled in
significant numbers. In these works, Western categories and
paradigms were largely adopted and adapted. However, elements from
Chinese linguistic and didactic traditions were also integrated, and
innovative devices were developed to face the epistemological
challenge of analysing and describing distant languages. This
chapter analyses the linguistic descriptions contained in the
pedagogical tools compiled in the late Ming and Qing periods,
focusing on the innovations promoted by the contacts between
different linguistic and didactic traditions and underlining their
impact on the history of Chinese (applied) linguistics and language
learning.
Beyond written texts
Authors: Banducci Rahe Marta
Published: June 2023

This chapter analyses the objects and artifacts
used in foreign language classes in a secondary school in Campo
Grande, a Brazilian city, from 1931 to 1961, and compares these with
official sources such as government policy documents and texts on
new methodological approaches in an attempt to examine whether and
how intended innovations helped to shape teachers’ daily practices.
A document found in the archives of this school points to the
purchase of record collections, record players and postcards,
showing that there were attempts to follow official reforms.
However, closer examination shows that the presence of these objects
in the school did not bring about the expected changes. Material
Culture, as represented by such artefacts, can be seen to open up a
new perspective to be considered within Applied Linguistic
Historiography.
Overview of research to enhance score interpretation
Authors: Papageorgiou Spiros , Manna Venessa F.
Published: June 2023

The primary motivation for administering a language test is to use
its scores to facilitate decisions of various kinds about language proficiency.
Score-based decisions can be extremely consequential, both for test takers but
also for test score users, such as universities and employers, and society
overall. This book presents research efforts to enhance the interpretation of
English language test scores provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), and
ultimately their usefulness for decision making. The different approaches for
the enhancement of score interpretation are discussed. The research reported in
each chapter is then briefly presented in relation to the various score
enhancement approaches. The chapter concludes with a summary of challenges
related to (mis)interpretation of language test scores.
Considerations in developing vertical scales for language
tests
Authors: Monfils Lora , Manna Venessa F.
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides a framework for building vertical
scales, for language assessments in general and for the
TOEFL® Family of Assessments in particular. Topics
covered include aspects of vertical scale design (growth definitions,
vertical articulation, data collection), statistical methods for
vertical linking, and evaluation and maintenance of the resulting
vertical scale. Also discussed are challenges associated with vertical
scaling, as noted in the research literature, in general and as pertains
to language proficiency assessments.
Exploring the benefits and challenges of web-based approaches to
standard setting
Authors: Schmidgall Jonathan
Published: June 2023

One aspect of standard setting that has been relatively
consistent throughout its history is the interactional context in which
expert panelists have made their judgments: face-to-face, in-person
meetings. With the growth of the internet and acceleration of web-based
technology, researchers have started considering how web-based
approaches may address some of the inherent practical challenges for
standard setting studies (see Katz
et al., 2009). The worldwide pandemic of 2020 brought about
an acceleration of the pervasiveness and use of web-based meeting
software, making it not only a more attractive option for standard
setting panels, but for a time potentially the only option. In this
chapter, existing research on approaches to web-based standard setting
is reviewed, and the procedural elements of three recent web-based
standard setting studies conduct at ETS are summarized and compared. The
accounts of web-based standard setting described in this chapter suggest
that a web-based approach may be an attractive alternative to
face-to-face meetings, not merely a pandemic-era necessity.
Designing and executing a score concordance study to establish
score mapping to proficiency levels
Authors: Li Tongyun , Papageorgiou Spiros
Published: June 2023

The TOEFL ProPlacer® test is a multistage adaptive
test (MST) designed to rapidly distinguish among learners at different
proficiency levels and to place them into English instruction courses
that best suit their learning needs. The project reported in this
chapter aimed to establish the mapping of the TOEFL ProPlacer scores to
the CEFR levels through comparison with the scores of another test in
the TOEFL® Family, the TOEFL ITP® test, whose
scores had already been linked to the CEFR levels. 1,013 test takers
were recruited to complete both tests in a counterbalanced design. Using
the equipercentile method, we examined the CEFR cutoff scores on the
TOEFL ITP score scale and identified the corresponding cutoff scores on
the TOEFL ProPlacer score scale. The proposed cutoff scores were then
evaluated using TOEFL ITP and TOEFL ProPlacer operational test data to
check for reasonableness and consistency. The current study demonstrates
a useful application of establishing CEFR mapping of the scores of a
language test though the CEFR mapping of the scores of another language test. In some contexts, such an application may be more
feasible than conducting a standard setting study with a panel of
experts, and therefore useful in that it can facilitate the
interpretation of test scores through their association to the CEFR
levels. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are
also discussed.
The DocuScope project
Authors: Kaufer David , Ishizaki Suguru
Published: June 2023

This chapter overviews the history of the
DocuScope project. In its inception, we sought a production
theory underlying rhetorical composition and decision-making. Our
pursuit of a theory led to the development of large-scale
dictionaries of language patterns we have curated for over two
decades. The major conceptual continua that have guided our curation
efforts and major taxonomies are discussed, including the four types
of polysemy we have had to address to ensure our dictionary patterns
are as ambiguity-free as possible. We conclude by reviewing our
recent efforts to apply the dictionaries for writing education on
small textual samples, including single texts.
DocuScope, multi-dimensional analysis, and student
writing
Authors: DeJeu Emily Barrow , Brown David West
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, we present a method for
comparing tagging systems and patterns of disciplinary variation in
corpora of student writing. We begin by highlighting the affordances
of rhetorically and linguistically informed tagging systems by
highlighting similarities and differences in each system’s analysis
of the Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers (MICUSP).
Results confirm that both taggers produce statistically robust
results in distinguishing disciplines across three dimensions and
also highlight commonalities and differences that reflect the
taggers’ respective theoretical orientations. Then, we present the
results of a DocuScope-driven comparison of the British Academic
Written English (BAWE) and MICUSP corpora and summarize topical and
rhetorical patterns of disciplinary writing that seem fairly stable
across national contexts. This chapter’s findings should prove
useful to scholars interested in comparative methodologies of corpus
analysis and rhetorical measures of disciplinary variation as well
as those who work in or research writing in the disciplines.
Language patterns in secondary and postsecondary student
writing
Authors: Aull Laura
Published: June 2023

For as long as new college students have written
English, they have done so badly. Or so, at least, is the headline
story from 19th century Harvard reports to 21st century coverage.
These claims keep us firmly in a language regulation paradigm
focused on error, rather than a language exploration paradigm
focused on knowledge and analysis: We hear a lot of complaints about
what student writers can’t do, but we don’t learn much about what
characterizes secondary and postsecondary writing. To do something
different, this study uses DocuScope’s language cluster tool and two
corpora (of incoming student Dirscted Self Placement writing and
upper-level student writing, to three ends: (1) to illustrate
language exploration as a productive (and fun!) orientation toward
student writing at different levels, (2) to connect abstracted
claims – alleged reasons that “new college students can’t write” –
to rhetorical patterns in actual students’ writing, and (3) to use
empirical writing data to debunk myths about college writing
development. Ultimately, the study shows significant rhetorical
differences between secondary and postsecondary writing that are
linked to the different assignment tasks at each level. It also
shows how we can use DocuScope language clusters to support
students’ metacognitive awareness of secondary and postsecondary
writing practices
Strategic language as a family of identity-based discourse
registers
Authors: Parry-Giles Shawn J. , Kaufer David S.
Published: June 2023

Since antiquity, the study of strategy has
aspired to a military science predicting outcomes. An alternative,
rooted in classical rhetoric, focused on language
strategically deployed to increase targeted outcomes. That said, the
intersection of strategy and language remains understudied. We
establish that strategic language in campaigns represents a
multiplicity of discourse registers reflecting distinctive strategic
role identifies and outcomes. We apply this framework to the Clinton
administration’s health care campaign from 1993–1994. Using methods
from the digital humanities and close reading of private memos, we
extract four registers (architect, tactician, advisor, coach) that
capture the Clinton strategy across the campaign. We argue that the
failure of the campaign is partly explained by registers used too
frequently and others used not enough.
Toward a standard model for autophagosome biogenesis
Authors: Cook Annan S.I. , Hurley James H.
Published: June 2023

Two papers in this issue resolve a long-standing obstacle to a “standard model” for autophagosome biogenesis in mammals. The first, Olivas et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202208088), uses biochemistry to confirm that the lipid scramblase ATG9A is a bona fide autophagosome component, while the second, Broadbent et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202210078), uses particle tracking to show that the dynamics of autophagy proteins are consistent with the concept.
Microscopic mechanism of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of metals: a molecular dynamics study incorporating electronic entropy effects
Authors: Tanaka Yuta , Tsuneyuki Shinji
Published: June 2023

The microscopic mechanism of metal ablation induced by ultrashort laser pulse irradiation is investigated. A two-temperature model scheme combined with molecular dynamics (TTM-MD) is developed to incorporate electronic entropy effects into the simulation of metal ablation while satisfying the energy conservation law. Simulation with the TTM-MD scheme reveals that ultrashort laser pulse irradiation near the ablation threshold causes high-energy atom/ion emission and sub-nanometer depth ablation, as observed experimentally, due to the electronic entropy effect. It is also shown that the electronic entropy effect is also significant in spallation.
Inertial and anisotropic pressure effects on cross-field electron transport in low-temperature magnetized plasmas
Authors: Yamashita Yusuke , Lau Raymond , Hara Kentaro
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) model is developed to investigate the effects of anisotropic pressure and inertial terms due to non-Maxwellian velocity distribution functions on cross-field electron transport. The conservation of momentum is evaluated by taking the moments of the first-principles gas-kinetic equation. A steady-state discharge is obtained without any low-frequency ionization oscillations by considering an anomalous electron scattering profile. The results obtained from the 1D PIC-MCC model are compared with fluid models, including the quasi-neutral drift-diffusion (DD), non-neutral DD, and full fluid moment models. The discharge current obtained from the PIC-MCC model is in good agreement with the fluid models. The cross-field electron transport due to the inertial terms, i.e. the gradient of axial and azimuthal drift, is evaluated. Moreover, PIC-MCC simulation results show non-zero, anisotropic, off-diagonal pressure tensor terms due to asymmetric non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution function, potentially contributing to cross-field electron transport.
Topological phases in coupled polyyne chains
Authors: Ara Nisa , Basu Rudranil
Published: June 2023

We study the electronic properties of coupled parallel polyyne chains in a couple of symmetric stacking arrangements, namely the AA stacking and the AB stacking, with the single and triple carbon bonds of one chain aligned (AA) and anti-aligned (AB) with those of the other chain. Both these arrangements described by tight-binding Hamiltonians, whose parameters are calibrated by matching low energy dispersion provided by first principle calculations, fall in the BDI class of topological classification scheme. We calculate the topological invariants for all three topological phases of the system: one for the AA stacking and 2 for the AB one. In AA stacking, both the insulating and the metallic phase belongs to the same topological phase. Whereas, the model exhibits two different values of the topological invariant in the two different insulating phases (structurally differentiated by transverse strain). In this later stacking though the transition between two distinct topological phases with the closure of the gap is practically unachievable due to the requirement of the high transverse strain. We also show the existence of four non-zero energy edge modes in the AA stacking and that of two zero energy edge modes in one of the topological phases for the AB stacking.
Real-time marine PPP-B2b/SINS integrated navigation based on BDS-3
Authors: Li Ming , Chai Hongzhou
Published: June 2023

The BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system was operated successfully in July 2020. It broadcasts precise point positioning (PPP)-B2b signals and provides real-time PPP services free of charge, which greatly meets the navigation needs of real-time users, especially warship navigation. This paper first introduces the PPP-B2b real-time positioning model, and then expounds the two-velocity measurement algorithm of Doppler and carrier phase time difference. Next, it combs the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and factor graph optimization (FGO) integrated navigation algorithm in detail, and finally comprehensively evaluates the real-time integrated navigation performance of PPP-B2b/strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) through the measured data at sea. The experimental results show that the real-time dynamic positioning accuracy of PPP-B2b can reach the decimeter level, and the positioning accuracy is not significantly improved when integrated with SINS. Furthermore, dynamic alignment experiments results show after adding time-differenced carrier phase and Doppler velocimetry information, the convergence accuracy of yaw misalignment angle has been greatly improved. The accuracy of the EKF algorithm is 16.7% higher than that of the FGO algorithm after the convergence of the yaw angle error.
Small sample fault diagnosis for wind turbine gearbox based on lightweight multiscale convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Junnian , Tong Pengcheng
Published: June 2023

The maintenance and diagnosis of wind turbine gearboxes are crucial for enhancing the stability and operational efficiency of wind power systems. However, there are still two challenges in gearbox fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning: (1) limited failure sample; (2) interference of strong noise. To solve the above issues, a lightweight multiscale convolutional neural network (LMSCNN) based fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. Among them, a large kernel convolution is used to denoise the original vibration signal. A lightweight multiscale architecture is constructed using depthwise separable convolutional blocks, which mine fault features at different scales and improve the operational efficiency of the model. Moreover, a parallel global pooling block is designed to provide a more comprehensive feature for the fusion layer, enabling the effective diagnosis of vibration signals. Experiments are conducted on the datasets of two different gearboxes, which prove that LMSCNN has excellent generalization capability and diagnostic speed.
Wide band tri-receptor quaternary organic photodetector based on PC61BM, ITIC, and IICO-4F
Authors: Zhang Ruliang , Yang Ting , An Tao , Zhang Shengli , Lu Gang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we report a wide band spectrum tri-receptor quaternary organic photodetector (OPD) based on the additional two non-fullerene acceptor materials, ITIC and IEICO-4F, with the polymer material P3HT as donor and the fullerene PC61BM as the first acceptor. The second acceptor ITIC and the third accptor IEICO-4F, with different molecular structures and absorption, were introduced into the conventional system P3HT:PC61BM to improve narrow response spectral range and the uneven response of OPDs. The experiments results show, that proposed non-fullerene acceptor materials of the narrow optical band gap were successful to broaden the absorption spectral range to near infrared. Respectively, the responses (R) and external quantum efficiency at 630, 530, and 460 nm, are up to 0.293 A W−1, 0.288 A W−1, 0. 243 A W−1, and 58%, 67%, and 66%. The quaternary OPDs achieve significant response spectrum across the 400–950 nm range with the specific detection rate (D*) exceeding 1012 Jones. It demonstrates that expanding spectrum non-fullerene materials ITIC and IEICO-4F can improve the mixing degree of the mixed materials, decrease agglomeration brought on by single widening excess, and increase spectrum absorption and moderate non-uniform response. The exciton dissociation efficiency is considerably increased by simultaneous charge transfer between the receptors and the receptors in the active layer. Moreover, the carrier mobility is improved, bimolecular recombination is suppressed.
Electrical properties of CuO/ZnO heterojunctions prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Al Ghamdi Salem D , Alzahrani Ahmed Obaid M , Sobahi Nebras , Aida M S , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed Sh
Published: June 2023

In the present work we investigate the influence of deposition sequences on the two layers forming a CuO/Zinc oxide (ZnO) heterojunction. Both layers are prepared using the simple and cost-effective technique of spray pyrolysis. The advantage of this technique is the ability to deposit both layers successively without interruption. For this purpose, four devices are prepared by successfully changing the deposition order of ZnO and CuO layers, and after a delay for the cooling of the first deposited layer. The I–V characteristics of the realized devices reveal that the deposition order plays a crucial role in the device’s performance. We inferred that the deposition of ZnO as the first layer followed by the immediate CuO leads to a device with superior quality, i.e., low ideality factor, low reverse current, and high rectifying ratio. The SEM image and EDX analysis at the interfaces revealed the diffusion of Zn in the CuO layer, while no diffusion of Cu in the ZnO layer was observed. Estimating the density of the interface states from the conductance vs. frequency measurements (G–f) indicates that the direct deposition of CuO on ZnO leads to a lower interface density of states.
Quantum information approach to the implementation of a neutron cavity
Authors: Nahman-Lévesque O , Sarenac D , Lailey O , Cory D G , Huber M G , Pushin D A
Published: June 2023

Using the quantum information model of dynamical diffraction we consider a neutron cavity composed of two perfect crystal silicon blades capable of containing the neutron wavefunction. We show that the internal confinement of the neutrons through Bragg diffraction can be modelled by a quantum random walk. Furthermore, we introduce a toolbox for modelling crystal imperfections such as surface roughness and defects. Good agreement is found between the simulation and the experimental implementation, where leakage beams are present, modelling of which is impractical with the conventional theory of dynamical diffraction. Analysis of the standing neutron waves is presented in regards to the crystal geometry and parameters; and the conditions required for well-defined bounces are derived. The presented results enable new approaches to studying the setups utilizing neutron confinement, such as the experiments to measure neutron magnetic and electric dipole moments.
Graphene metasurface for broadband absorption and terahertz sensing
Authors: Ren Hailin , Ji Shijun , Zhao Ji , Dai Handa
Published: June 2023

A plasmon-induced terahertz metamaterial absorber is proposed. The bottom ground layer uses gold to block the transmission of terahertz incident waves, and the pattern layer and the ground layer are separated by topas. The 90% absorption bandwidth frequency range of the absorber is 4.6–7.7 THz, and the average absorption rate in this range is 97.6%. Due to the geometric symmetry of the absorber, it has polarization insensitivity. In addition, when the incidence Angle reaches 60 degrees, more than 80% absorption can still be maintained. The numerical simulation shows that the frequency shift of the absorber has a good linear relationship with the change of the refractive index of the proposed absorber, and the sensitivity is 1100 GHz per refractive index unit (GHz/RIU). Therefore, the absorber can be used in more complex electromagnetic scenarios, or as a sensing element.
Black-box models for liquid nitrogen arc and its parameters optimization by PSO algorithm
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Cao Shuzhi , Yu Wenqing , Yu Xiaolong , Yu Dongsheng , Wang Jianhua
Published: June 2023

Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) has been widely utilized in the Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) due to its great insulation ability. However, SF6 has great greenhouse effect. Liquid nitrogen (LN2) has been considered as a promising substitute for the SF6 gas because of its good insulation, arc quenching and cost effectiveness. To accurately simulate the LN2 switch, it is essential to establish a mathematical model for the LN2 arc. Black-box models have been commonly used in describing the dynamic characteristics of gas arc in circuit breaker simulations. There are numerous types of black-box models for gas arc, yet there is no literature available about the application of black-box model for the LN2 arc. This paper aims to establish the black-box model of LN2 arc. Based on the experimental data, several kinds of black-box models including Mayr, Cassie, Schwarz, Habedank and TP KEMA models were established, and their parameters were optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The performance of these black-box models was evaluated by the conductance error. The results indicated that black-box models can be employed for LN2 arc simulations, and the TP KEMA model exhibits the best performance with minimal conductance errors throughout the entire arcing process.
Development of a compact 406 nm diode laser-based cavity-enhanced spectrometer for high-sensitive detection of NO2 levels in exhaust gas
Authors: Pal Ardhendu , Mondal Koushik , Panda Biswajit , Pradhan Manik
Published: June 2023

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important air pollutant due to its environmental impact and adverse effects on human health. It is released into the atmosphere primarily through anthropogenic activities. Here, we report on the development of a simple, compact, and cost-effective robust optical detection method exploiting cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for high-sensitive and selective measurement of NO2 levels in real-time using a visible diode laser operating at 406 nm. A typical detection limit of ∼330 ppb for NO2 was achieved with an optimum acquisition time of ∼3.9 s, at optimal cavity pressure of 100 Torr. The sensor system demonstrates an effective optical path-length of 180 m in a high-finesse 50 cm long optical cavity in an interference-free spectral region and aerosol-free conditions. The spectrometer was optimized, calibrated, and demonstrated for the detection of NO2 levels in vehicular exhaust gases.
Predictions of nuclear charge radii*
Authors: Li Guang-Sheng , Xu Cheng , Bao Man
Published: June 2023

In this study, we improve the relations of the charge-radius difference of two isotopes by considering a term that relates to the proton number and the parity of the neutron number. The correction reduces the root-mean-squared deviation to 0.0041 fm for 651 nuclei with a neutron number larger than 20, in comparison with experimental data compiled in the CR2013 database. The improved relations are combined with local relations consisting of the charge radii of four neighboring nuclei. These combinations also prove to be efficient in describing and predicting nuclear charge radii and can reflect the structure evolutions of nuclei. Our predictions of 2467 unknown nuclear charge radii at competitive accuracy, which are calculated using these two types of relations, are tabulated in the Supplemental Material.
Radiative 9Be(n,γ0+1+2+3+4+5)10Be reaction rate in the potential cluster model*
Authors: Dubovichenko S.B. , Yeleusheva B.M. , Burkova N.A. , Tkachenko A.S.
Published: June 2023

Within the framework of the modified potential cluster model with forbidden states, the total cross-sections of radiative n
9Be capture to the ground and five low-lying excited states are calculated at energies from 10−2 eV up to 5 MeV. The thermal cross-section

mb is in good agreement with experimental data. We considered five resonances at the excitation energies E

x
from 7.371 MeV up to 10.570 MeV corresponding to the following states with

(E

x
, MeV):

(7.371),

(7.542),

(9.4),

(9.56), and

(10.570). The partial and total 9Be(n,γ
0+1+2+3+4+5)10Be reaction rates are calculated at temperatures from 0.001 to 10 T
9. Contrary to the available data, we propose that the rise in the reaction rate near factor five at T
9 \gt 1 is mainly due to the first

(E

R
= 0.559 MeV) resonance. We foresee this contrast as arising from different model approaches.
Soft pattern of Rutherford scattering from heavy target mass expansion*
Authors: Jia 贾 Yu 宇 , Zhang 张 Jia-Yue 佳玥
Published: June 2023

We investigate the soft behavior of the tree-level Rutherford scattering process. We consider two types of Rutherford scattering processes: One in which a low-energy massless point-like projectile (say, a spin-

or spin-

electron) hits a static massive composite target particle carrying various spins (up to spin-

), and one where a slowly-moving light projectile hits a heavy static composite target. For the first type, the unpolarized cross sections in the laboratory frame are found to exhibit universal forms in the first two orders of

expansion yet differ at the next-to-next-to-leading order (though some terms at this order still remain universal or depend on the target spin in a definite manner). For the second type, at the lowest order in electron velocity expansion, through all orders in

, the unpolarized cross section is universal (also not sensitive to the projectile spin). The universality partially breaks down at relative order-

, though some terms at this order are still universal or depend on the target spin in a specific manner. We also employ the effective field theory approach to reproduce the soft behavior of the differential cross sections for when the target particle is a composite spin-

fermion.
Risk analysis of landslide disaster in Pati Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: Muryani Chatarina , Koesuma Sorja , Yusup Yasin , Wijayanti Pipit , Hidayat Andian
Published: June 2023

Landslide is one of the disasters that often occurs in Pati Regency. This study aims to analyze the risk of landslides in Pati Regency. The landslide risk index in Pati Regency is carried out by analyzing three components: the hazard index, vulnerability, and capacity according to BNPB head regulation No. 2 the year 2012 concerning General Guidelines for Disaster Risk Assessment. The results showed a high landslide risk index in 49 villages out of 406 throughout Pati Regency. The sub-districts with the highest landslide risk index are Sukolilo District with nine villages and Gunungwungkal with seven villages. The high-risk index in the area is influenced by the high danger of landslides and the lack of existing capacity. The recommended recommendations include installing EWS, socializing knowledge on disaster preparedness, improving emergency response management, increasing community participation, evaluating RTRW, and reviewing vegetation types.
Synthesis of PVDF-SiO2 nanofiber membrane using electrospinning multi-jet vertical on conveyor collector as a lithium-ion battery separator
Authors: Widiyandari Hendri , Ahmad Fauzan Nur , Suryana Risa , Ade Putra Oki
Published: June 2023

Research on synthesis of PVDF-SiO2 nanofiber membrane by electrospinning multi-jet vertical method on conveyor collector as a lithium-ion battery separator was systematically investigated. Various voltages of 15 kV, 16 kV, and 17 kV and types of PVDF such as Aldrich, Solvay, and both mixtures were used for nanofiber membrane synthesis. The nanofiber membrane was synthesized for 4 hours with a distance between the tip of the needle, and the collector was 10 cm, with a flow rate of 2.6 mL/hour and a collector speed of 37 rpm. Furthermore, the results were tested for the physicochemical properties of the nanofiber. Solution B (PVDF Solvay) treated with 17kV has the largest porosity percentage value of membrane, which was 84.659%. The optimum shrinkage ratio test was from solution A (PVDF Aldrich) with 15 kV, 16 kV, and 17 kV voltages. The smallest average diameter nanofiber was obtained from solution B (PVDF Solvay) with a voltage of 15kV. The FTIR spectrum was not affected by voltages variations. In addition, the nanofiber membrane was assembled in the battery using Aldrich, Solvay, and mixed PVDF types. The battery was then tested for the electrochemical properties of the lithium-ion battery. Solution B (Solvay) has the optimum charge-discharge results showing a specific charge of 107.472 mAh/g and a specific discharge of 77.990 mAh/g.
Characterization of photoacoustic tomography based on 450 nm visible light and its application for detection of formalin fish meat
Authors: Julianto Rian , Mujtahid Anas Ahmad , Mitrayana
Published: June 2023

This research is motivated by the behavior in the community that preserves fish meat using a dangerous chemical substance, namely formalin. Research has been carried out on the detection of formalin fish meat using a 450 nm light-based laser photoacoustic imaging tool to characterize the photoacoustic image system to detect formalin fish meat, determining the relationship of the average sound intensity obtained, as well as differences in photoacoustic tomography images to the concentration and duration values—immersion in formalin solution. Variations in the concentration of the formalin solution used were 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%, as well as variations in the duration of immersion for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours. The results of this study indicate that a photoacoustic imaging device based on a 450 diode laser can distinguish tomographic photoacoustic images from the tested samples. The increase in the concentration value and the immersion time of the formalin solution resulted in a linear increase in the acoustic intensity level.
Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment in drinking water on physical, chemical, and biological parameters
Authors: Ukhtiyah Hanifa , Kusumandari Kusumandari , Endah Saraswati Teguh
Published: June 2023

This research aimed to determine the effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of drinking water. This research was conducted using a DBD plasma reactor with treatment time were 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes at AC voltage 5 kV. The results showed that there was an effect of DBD plasma treatment on the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of drinking water. The value of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and the number of bacteria in drinking water given DBD plasma treatment decreased with the lowest values of 148.33 ppm and 4 MPN/100 ml after sample treatment for 20 minutes. The pH value is stable, which is between 7-8. Based on this research, it can be seen that there is an effect of DBD plasma treatment on the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of drinking water.
Description of the 1907 Aceh tsunami: impact (height, inundation and the travel time) on Cities of Banda Aceh, Meulaboh and Gunung Sitoli, Indonesia
Authors: Retno Palupi Indriati , Raharjo Wiji , Harris Ronald A
Published: June 2023

There was tsunami in Aceh in 2004 with the height reached to 30 meter. It was caused by a 9.2 magnitude earthquake on the Sunda megathrust. The tsunami destroyed most of the buildings in affected cities and claimed many fatalities. However, there were many tsunami incidents around Aceh before 2004. Aceh is located in the northern Sumatera Island of Indonesia. It is part of the Great Sunda Arc subduction zone, a convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Records of pre-instrumental tsunami in this region are scarce. Here we describe a tsunami in Aceh that happened in 1907. It was caused by a magnitude 7.6 earthquake on the Sunda megathrust, similar to the tsunami Aceh in 2004. Details of parameter information like the height, inundation, and the arrival times as the parameters after shaking was felt to some cities like Banda Aceh, Meulaboh and Gunung Sitoli are lacking and we want to calculate the these parameters to the cities although with the poor information. Based on the magnitude, the deformation and the possibilities of the parameter of the tsunami to the cities are calculated and modelled from Well and Coppersmith (1994) equation. After that we estimate the tsunami height, inundation and the travel time with Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo and we get the result in the cities that the tsunami height is about 3 m, arrival times ranging from 20 second to 48 second and an inundation between 66 m to 127 m.
Thermal radiation effect measurement in enclosure calibration
Authors: Sindhu Tistomo Arfan , Achmadi Aditya , Suprijadi
Published: June 2023

The effect of thermal radiation could be the biggest issue in enclosure calibration. Reducing it by taking accurate measurements can improve the calibration uncertainty or calibration measurement capability (CMC). However, there is still less information related to the measurement procedure that can be taken from references such as DKD-R 5-7: Calibration of Climatic Chambers, DKD-R 5-8: Calibration of Hygrometers for Direct Measurement of Relative Humidity, and KAN Pd-02.04: Pedoman Kalibrasi Enklosur Suhu. Moreover, one of those reference documents suggests a value of 0.35 °C as the standard uncertainty contributed by thermal radiation for enclosure temperatures up to about 30 °C above ambient. This large value can be understood as an attempt to produce secure uncertainty since it is not measured directly. Therefore, this study describes the detailed measurement of the effect of thermal radiation. Two enclosures, which are an oven and a climatic chamber, are used as the samples. The oven represents an enclosure with natural thermal convection while the climatic chamber represents an enclosure with flowing air at a certain relative humidity. The thermal radiation effect is measured by two small PRTs class A with a diameter of 3 mm and length of 15 mm. Those PRTs are wrapped in aluminum foil to have low emissivity (ɛ=0.4) and one of them is then painted by Nextel 811-21 to have high emissivity (ɛ=0.97). The resistance outputs from the PRTs are measured by 34401A 6½ Digital Multimeter manufactured by Keysight. Before being used, those PRTs were calibrated in a stirred bath having uncertainty U=0.06 °C with a confidence level of 95 % and coverage factor k=2. The temperature range for the oven is from 60 °C to 140 °C while for the climatic chamber is from 40 %rh to 90 %rh at 20 °C and is from 40 %rh to 90 %rh at 25 °C. A mathematical model is proposed and the results are presented graphically where for the oven the higher temperature is the higher the thermal radiation effect, ranging from ±0.1 °C to ±0.4 °C. Variation of relative humidity inside the climatic chamber does not change the thermal radiation effect since the difference is 0.05 °C which is still within the uncertainty of PRTs
Development of an automatic sphygmomanometer simulator based on small volume displacement pressure generation
Authors: Ginanjar G , Ega A V , Novyanto O , Hafid  , Nurcahyono D
Published: June 2023

In general use of an automatic sphygmomanometer is essential to generate small and stable pressure during the rapid pressure expansion of the bladder cuff. The pressure generated by the sphygmomanometer simulator should simulate human blood pressure such as simulation for infant, neonatal and adult human or blood pressure conditions normal, hypertension, and hypotension. The simulator pressure system consists of three combinations of pressure generation, a dc motor for rough pressure generation, a small air cylinder for maintaining pressure stabilization, and brass bellows for simulation of small changes in volume or pressure. For air cylinder and brass bellows, two linear stages equipped with ball screew and the stepper motor are used to obtain a small change of linear displacement. The result for the simulator system contains these three combinations of pressure generation comply with the accuracy-test less than 3 mmHg and repeatable tests of less than 1 mmHg for automatic sphygmomanometer simulator based on ISO 81060-5:2020.
Simulating Decoherence of a Nitrogen – Vacancy Centre Spin Qubit via Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process
Authors: Fahrurrachman Alfaiz , Majidi Muhammad A , Genov Genko T. , Said Ressa S
Published: June 2023

Owing to its remarkable optical properties and its ability to be controlled by microwave fields at room temperature, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond has been a promising platform for various nanotechnological applications, e.g. quantum sensing and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The qubit associated with the NV centre ground state spin has been the key element for the realisation of such applications. Its coherence time determines the application performances, e.g. the sensitivity of the NV-qubit based quantum sensor. Due to unwanted and unavoidable interactions with noisy environment, the qubit undergoes decoherence that shortens its coherence time and hence reduces its application performance. Therefore, the investigation and mitigation of the decoherence of the NV qubit are of the utmost importance. Here, we simulate the qubit decoherence using Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process that is essential for designing a set of modulating control pulses to mitigate the effect.