bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ESSENCE AND PURPOSE OF THE STATE: THE RIGHT TO VIOLENCE AND THE USE OF COERCION IN THE CONTEXT OF UNDERSTANDING THE STATE'S MODERNITY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kostytsky Vasyl
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to consider the essence, signs, purpose of the state and to derive the author's vision of the essence of the state, its right to use coercion and violence. To achieve this goal, the author used dialectical, sociological-legal, systemic-structural, axiological-legal methods, as well as methods of comparative jurisprudence, analysis and synthesis. A brief description of the features of the state is provided, the classification of approaches to clarifying the essence of the state into eleven groups: legal (G. Jellinek and G. Kelsen), pluralistic (G.J. Lasky, M. Duverger, R. Dahl, R. Dahrendorf), sociological (J.J. Rousseau, T. Hobbes, I. Kant), general welfare state (J. Keynes, J.K. Galbraith), theory of the rule of law (B. Kistiakivskyi, E. Durkheim, J. Hurvych), theory social state (J. Keynes, G. Ritter), convergence theory (J.K. Galbraith, R. Aron, P.O. Sorokin), technocratic and information-cybernetic (J. Bernheim, J.K. Galbraith, D. Bell, T. Veblen), elitist (G. Mosca, V. Pareto, J. Sartori), as well as general social (or political-legal) as universal and most justified today. Such features of the state as the monopoly right to use coercion and violence arising from the Social Contract, to which the author has not referred to the constitution for the first time, are highlighted. It was concluded that the monopoly of the right to use coercion and violence in modern conditions is gradually being lost by the state and can be voluntarily delegated to supranational organizations (UN, OSCE, NATO). It is noted that the use of violence and coercion by the state is possible only in relation to and while considering its other features – the need to observe human rights, norms of international law, limitation of power by law and the constitution as a Social Contract. It is noted that the essence of the state is inextricably linked to its social purpose, which consists in the performance of functions (ensuring social peace and stability in society, creating conditions for the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, improving the quality of life of the country's population) and solving tasks arising from the necessity progressive development of society as a whole. It has been noted that the modern state acts as a social arbiter, a body for solving general cases, ensures law and order as well as supports it, using a monopoly on official coercion up to the point of violence, and the possibility of implementing these functions is limited to the sovereign territory of the state. Based on the analysis of the features of the large-scale Russian war against Ukraine, it is argued that international organizations and state unions have the right to use coercion and violence against states whose functioning is contrary to social purpose, as these states commit terrorism or are aggressor states.
VIETNAM AS UKRAINE'S ECONOMIC PARTNER
Authors:   National Aviation University of Kyiv (Ukraine), Tatarenko N.
Published: March 2023

The article considers the results of long-term cooperation and explores the prospects for the development of economic relations between Ukraine and Vietnam. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the major reasons for changing the priorities of economic cooperation between countries as well as to the search for effective ways of its development. The origins of the growing discrepancies in the pace of the economic development of our countries, which were predetermined already by different approaches to the development and implementation of national strategies, have been established. It was shown that development strategies of our countries pursue the same goal - strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy, but they use different ways of achieve it: while Ukraine chose the liberal Western approach, Vietnam follows the Asian communitarian model, which is based on the policy of regulating economic development, hidden autarky, tight control over financial resources used to create key industries. The successful development of Vietnamese economy was achieved through consequent use of a specific model of economic modernization. The leading role of the public sector as an organizing force of progressive development and a factor in restraining the destructive influence of exogenous factors is indicated. The place of modern Vietnam in the global economic system is determined. The protective and stimulating role of the ASEAN integration and the prospects of creating a "large regional economy" are analyzed, attention is focused on the mostly regional Asian priority of the country's participation in the international division of labor. The principles and directions of further development of mutually beneficial cooperation between Ukraine and Vietnam are defined.
Shape representation by b-spline curve modeling with applications in invariant curve matching, motion estimation and object tracking
Authors:   , Huang Zhaohui , Cohen Fernand S
Published: March 2023

This thesis deals with the problems of: (1) matching planar curves that are modeled as B-splines, independently of possible affine transformations that the original curve has been subjected to (e.g., rotation, translation, scale, semi-perspective projection), and possible occlusion; and (2) estimating the 3-D motion parameters and tracking a moving object with markings (curves) on its surface. The thesis presents an iterative and a fast algorithm for estimating the control points of the B-spline that is robust to non-uniform sampling, noise, and local deformations. Curve matching is achieved by judiciously comparing the B-splines' control points when no affine transformation and occlusion are present. The affine transformation and occlusion parameters are estimated through the use of a new class of weighted B-spline curve moments which are well defined whether a curve is open or closed. Based on a finite set of weighted moments, a closed-form solution for the affine transformation parameters are obtained. When the observed curve is an occluded affine transformed version of one the prototype curves, we need to locate the segment on the prototype curve that was affine transformed to yield the observed curve. This problem is compounded by the fact that the occlusion and the affine transformation are tangled together. We decouple the occlusion and the affine transformation problems by considering an affine invariant error measure based on a set of absolute invariants that are computed from the weighted B-spline moments, and minimizing this error with respect to the starting and ending points of the segment. The minimization problem does not require a lot of computation, due to the fact that the B-spline weighted moments are contour integrations that are additive, i.e., decomposable into smaller contour integrations. The method is used for classifying affine transformed silhouette of aircrafts. The affine invariant B-spline curve matching process is used in tracking a moving object which has markings on its surface, by establishing the correspondence of the image curves that resulted from viewing the same object marking at different times. Implicit in this correspondence is the motion parameters.
Improving market value of textile and garment company through company growth, company financial performance, and macroeconomics
Authors: Amaliyah Erlina Dewi Endah , Rohmawati Lilik , Dwiantari Scorina
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are so many studies on the company's market value. However, most studies do not verify the macroeconomic effect on certain industries. Research on macroeconomic as moderators in increasing the company's market value is still limited also. Therefore, macroeconomics (interest rates) presented in this study as a moderator to examine the effect of company growth (increased sales) and company financial performance (ROA) to the company’s market value (PBV). It expected to provide additional information to individuals, lecturers, and business actors on how to increase company market value and what factors must be considered to increase it. The population is all go-public companies, and the samples are manufacturing companies-textile and garment sub-sectors during 2015-2020. Multiple linear regression and SPSS are used as the data analysis technique. The results imply that the increase in sales has no influence on PBV. Even though interest rates have been presented, it still can’t strengthen the effect of increased sales on PBV. ROA influences PBV. However, after presenting interest rates, it turns out that interest rates weaken the influence of the ROA level on PBV. This result shows that macroeconomics can moderate the connection of company financial performance to the company’s market value.AbstrakTerdapat banyak penelitian terdahulu tentang nilai pasar perusahaan. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian tidak melihat pengaruh variabel makroekonomi pada industri tertentu. Penelitian tentang faktor makroekonomi sebagai moderator dalam meningkatkan nilai pasar perusahaan juga belum banyak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menghadirkan makroekonomi yang diproxy oleh suku bunga sebagai moderator untuk menguji pengaruh pertumbuhan perusahaan yang diproxy oleh peningkatan penjualan dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang diproxy oleh ROA terhadap nilai pasar perusahaan yang diproxy oleh PBV. Sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan tambahan informasi kepada individu, dosen, maupun pelaku usaha tentang bagaimana meningkatkan company market value serta faktor apa saja yang harus diperhatikan untuk meningkatkannya. Populasi penelitian yaitu semua perusahaan yang sudah go public. Sedangkan samplenya adalah perusahan manufaktur, subsektor textile dan garment tahun 2015-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan SPSS sebagai teknik analisis data. Menurut hasil uji, peningkatan penjualan tidak berpengaruh terhadap PBV. Meskipun telah dihadirkan suku bunga, ternyata suku bunga tetap tidak mampu memperkuat pengaruh peningkatan penjualan terhadap PBV. Selain itu, dapat diketahui pula bahwa ROA berpengaruh terhadap PBV. Setelah dihadirkan suku bunga, ternyata suku bunga memperlemah pengaruh tingkat ROA terhadap PBV. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa makroekonomi mampu menjadi moderator bagi kinerja keuangan perusahaan terhadap nilai pasar perusahaan.
Mortuary Practice of Baekje as Seen Through Cremation Process Modeling
Authors:   Korean Ancient Historical Society, Ha Dae-Ryong
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to explain the current state of cremated human remains excavated from the ancient tombs of Seokchon-dong, the royal graveyard of Hanseong Baekje. By modeling the process of cremation, and confirm where the current human bone data corresponds to, thereby identifying one aspect of the funeral process. First, by examining the characteristics of the cremated human bones, it was confirmed that the cremated human remains of Seokchon-dong were cremated before skeletonization, and the possibility of deliberate fragmentation of the cremated bones was low. Next, by modeling the process of secondary cremation, it was assumed that three types of archaeological features were predicted: ‘the burial’, ‘the crematory feature’ and the ‘disposal area of cremation remnants’, and it was also predicted that cremated remains would be excavated in a characteristic pattern from each of form of the features. the cremated bones excavated from the vicinity of ancient Tomb No. 3 in 1986, and vicinity of ancient Tomb No. 1 in 2010s were evaluated by AAI(anatomical accuracy index) and ADI(anatomical diversity index), substituting them into the model, it was found that the former was highly likely to correspond to ‘the crematory feature’ and the latter to be ‘the disposal area of cremation remnants’. According to this, ‘the burial’ related to cremation in the Seokchon-dong ancient tombs has not yet been investigated, and in ‘the disposal area of cremation remnants’, part of cremated bones were not conceptually treated as the body of the deceased. It shows that the concept of the body is ‘transformed’ through the cremation. However, this analysis is based on the premise of the classical concept of ‘secondary cremation’, and the possibility that a mortuary practice outside of this category should also be considered.
Cuestionario de dependencia emocional en personas con orientaciòn homosexual: Evidencia psicomètrica
Authors:   Universidad Cèsar Vallejo, Pasache-Chau Wendy Karolayn
Published: March 2023

La presente indagación asumió como propósito hallar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de dependencia emocional (CDE), diseñado por Ventura y Caycho (autores originales) en sujetos con orientación homosexual en el Perú. Del mismo modo, empleó una metodología de tipo psicométrico y tecnológico, el diseño fue instrumental, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia y un muestrario de 259 sujetos con interés de afecto hacia otros del mismo sexo, con domicilio en el país en mención por un periodo mayor igual a 6 meses. Asimismo, se obtuvo un KMO de 0.937, una prueba de Bartlett de 0.253, una distribución de seis conjuntos y una prueba de bondad de ajuste de 0, permitiendo la realización del estudio. Posterior, en el análisis de la matriz de factores rotados, se alcanzó 5 factores cada uno con un determinado número de ítems: 6, 4, 3, 4 y 3 respectivamente. La correlación del instrumento y la escala de apego obtuvo una validez convergente mediante el coeficiente de Spearman de 0.424, nivel moderado. Entre las dimensiones y el test consiguió un total de 0.741 y 1, una confiabilidad general de Omega de 0.90 y 3 categorías percentilares: bajo, promedio y alto. Ante ello, se llegó a la conclusión que, el cuestionario de la variable en exploración en individuos con proximidad hacia otros del mismo género, mostró una condición aceptable siendo válido y confiable en el Perú.
Motivación y desempeño en colaboradores empresariales
Authors:   Universidad Privada del Norte, Cenepo-Cabanillas Adriana Flor , Gonzalez-Sulca Anyi ,   Universidad Privada del Norte
Published: March 2023

La finalidad de este artículo es determinar la relación entre motivación y desempeño en colaboradores empresariales en la ciudad de Trujillo – 2021. Según su finalidad esta investigación tuvo un diseño de tipo correlacional. La muestra se conformó por 40 colaboradores entre hombre y mujeres que laboran en una empresa privada. Asimismo, en relación con las técnicas utilizadas para la recaudación de datos, fueron dos cuestionarios, la de motivación y desempeño laborales, ambas adaptadas por Sánchez, I; en el año 2020, la cual están diseñadas mediante la escala de Likert que consta de 5 niveles de respuesta. Los resultados muestran que existe una relación altamente significativa entre motivación y desempeño laboral (0,937**, p<0,01). Asimismo, se encontró una correlación significativa entre motivación intrínseca y desempeño de la tarea. (0,864**, p<0,01). También, se halló una relación significativa entre motivación extrínseca y civismo (0,898**, p<0,01). Por ende, se concluye que existe correlación entre motivación y desempeño en colaboradores empresariales de la ciudad de Trujillo, 2021.
Acoso escolar y ansiedad en estudiantes de educación básica regular
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Juárez-Merino Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2023

La investigación expuesta a continuación fue realizada con el objetivo de establecer la relación entre las variables de Acoso Escolar y Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en estudiantes de una Institución Educativa del distrito de 26 de octubre, 2019. Planteando su ejecución bajo un estudio de tipo descriptivo–correlacional, con un diseño de investigación no experimental–transversal. Así mismo, haciendo uso de la técnica del muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple se obtuvo una muestra representativa ascendente a 189 estudiantes, en quienes se realizó la exploración de las variables psicológicas propuestas haciendo uso de dos instrumentos psicométricos: Autotest de Cisneros de Acoso Escolar, de Iñaki Piñuel; y STAI – Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo, de Charles Spielberg. Los resultados obtenidos se procesaron a través del Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson; hallando la existencia de una relación significativa entre ambas variables de estudio (p=0,011) y una relación altamente significativa entre Acoso Escolar y Ansiedad Rasgo (P=0,001); así mismo, se evidenció también la existencia de relación entre cinco de las subvariables de Acoso Escolar con la Ansiedad Estado, y siete subvariables de Acoso Escolar con la Ansiedad Rasgo; las mismas que serán desarrolladas y profundizadas en la presentación del estudio científico.
Estimulación de las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores desde un enfoque neuropsicológico
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Rios-Silva Brygham Manuel
Published: March 2023

La finalidad de la investigación fue decidir en qué manera un programa con un enfoque neuropsicológico logra estimular las capacidades mentales de las personas mayores que han experimentado maltrato emocional. La revisión fue cuantitativa con un plan pre exploratorio. La prueba de revisión estuvo conformada por 25 adultos mayores del CAM Chiclayo. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron las encuestas, cuestionarios y el instrumento utilizado fue el EMAPSI y otro dispositivo fue la adaptación peruana del MMSE. A la luz de esta revisión, se creó un programa llamado "Estimulación Neuropsicológica de la persona mayor", que consta de 20 sesiones. La estructura del programa fue validada de forma estándar por tres jueces maestros, obteniendo un V de Aiken general de 0,99, lo que refleja la razonabilidad del programa. Tras la ejecución del mismo, unida a los datos de las evaluaciones previas y posteriores, se extraen los resultados siguientes: El uso del programa ha supuesto grandes mejoras para los mayores supervivientes de maltrato emocional.
Impact of COVID-19 on Jobs in Ohio's Health Care Sector
Authors: Rawat Saannidhya
Published: March 2023

Background: This study seeks to measure the impact of COVID-19 on health care jobs in Ohio. We examine whether health care sector workers were similarly affected compared to workers in other industries in Ohio and if there were any significant differences in job categories within the health care sector.
Methods: Using a rich dataset provided by the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS), we study the employment levels for different health care subsectors in Ohio by calculating job creation, destruction, and reallocation rates and analyze the disruption in labor markets caused by COVID-19.
Results: Certain health care subsectors such as ambulatory health care services and hospitals recovered almost immediately after the lockdown but are still below their pre-COVID-19 employment levels. The social assistance subsector eventually recovered but also has not reached its pre-COVID-19 employment level. The nursing and residential care subsector has experienced a continuous decline in jobs. Although both job creation and destruction rates reached their relative peaks for all health care subcategories, the gap between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 levels was higher for job destruction rate.
Conclusion: Ohio’s health care sector has not yet fully recovered from the COVID-19 lockdown imposed in 2020.
Flow performance of porous implants with different geometry: Line, surface, and volume structures
Authors: Tang Zhuxun , Zhou Yueting , Ma Lifang , Li Jian
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing has enormous advantage of personalized adaptation. Particularly, porous implants have been widely used in clinical practice. Porous implant has the advantages and abilities to promote tissue growth and mass transfer, which are closely related to pore morphology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three porous structures, i.e., line structure, surface structure, and volume structure, on the flow properties of implants at different porosity. Therefore, a unit cell was selected from each type of structure (oct truss [OT], gyroid [G], and schwarz p [P]) as a typical cell, where OT is a line structure, G is a surface structure, and P is a volume structure. The scaffolds with different porosity of these cells were customized, and the shape parameters were measured and calculated. Then, the flow performance of three different scaffolds in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium was simulated by using computational fluid dynamics, and the flow velocity, permeability, and wall shear stress, which can reflect their biological properties, were calculated and compared. The results showed that the pore shape and porosity of porous implants greatly affected the physical parameters and performance of structures. These findings will contribute to unit cell selection and future performance optimization of porous implants.
Technical progress as a factor in the development of the institute of education
Authors:   Penza State University, Filippov Anton A.
Published: March 2023

Education is one of the most important institutions of social reproduction, providing both the processes of socialization and the formation of the professional competence of society members. Education as an institution is not static. It changes under the influence of various social factors, and, in particular, it is transformed depending on what social demands are. The author, on the basis of the systematic approach, believes that positive transformations in the conditions for the implementation of educational activities initiate the development, not only of the institution of education, but also indirectly affect the entire society. In this context, significant social transformations are accompanied by changes in the characteristics of educational activities. The article raises the question of what kind of transformations take place in connection with the development of information technology. The prospects associated with the modern development of information technologies are assessed, as well as the problems and risks associated with the introduction of information and communication technologies in the educational process. In particular, the positive results of the impact of technological progress on the capabilities of teachers, include the increase in the availability of materials, the improvement of illustrative methods, and the simplification of communication channels. The negative consequences shows how easy it is for contemporary students to bypass the forms of monitoring the performance of tasks, which, in turn, affects the quality of mastering competencies. Also, the author takes into account the fact that technical progress after the second half of the 20th century is significantly ahead of the needs for the transformation of the education system. The article discusses the experience of using distant forms of educational activity during the pandemic and evaluates the positive and negative aspects of distant education.
The coronavirus pandemic as a transformational processes factor of the urban creative environment (According to the sociological study results)
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Kolobova Anna E.
Published: March 2023

The article reveals the specifics of transformational processes in the urban creative environment of modern Russian society in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The results of a sociological study (method of expert interviews) conducted in 2021 in Saratov as an empirical basis were used. The purpose of this paper is to present the assessment of the various experts who are respondents in this study regarding the pandemic factor of changes in the creative space of a typical Russian city. Almost opposite assessments were revealed regarding the nature of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the urban creative environment as a whole and its individual components. The respondents point out both the negative aspects (for example, a sharp decrease in the volume of client flow in the creative industry of the city, the closure of individual creative facilities and projects), and the positive aspects (the prompt introduction of modern formats for the work of objects in the creative sphere, the creation of new creative projects) of the influence of the phenomenon under consideration. In general, the experts admit that most of the subjects of the urban creative space have somehow adapted to the new, unprecedented conditions and challenges of the external environment, and some of them even received additional opportunities for development. The creative space of the Russian city as a whole demonstrated its stability, flexibility and adaptability and constructive response to challenges. But due to the importance of the creative environment as a factor of improving the quality of life of the population, the state support is needed. The results of the study can be used as the basis for management activities to develop and support the urban creative environment of modern Russian society in difficult socio-economic conditions.
Hibridni zaposleni – hibridni potrošnik
Authors: Šprajc Polona , Koželj Martin , Podbregar Iztok
Published: March 2023

Razmerje med običajnim delovanjem in življenjem posameznika ter virtualnim svetom se praktično spreminja glede na zunanje situacijske vplive organizacij in tudi glede na notranje interese posameznika. Vprašanje, ki se zastavlja v današnjem svetu, je vezano tudi na vprašanje običajnosti in na vprašanje, kaj prinaša nova realnost. Ljudje v svojem življenju zasedamo različne vloge. Večina teh je izvajana v različnih oblikah organiziranosti, z vplivi različnih organizacij. V prispevku predstavljamo vez med vlogo potrošnika in zaposlenega. Z obeh perspektiv je delovanje in življenje posameznika nasploh v veliki meri determinirano z vidiki, ki jih narekuje celovit spekter sprememb družbe in organizacij. Malo večji poudarek je namenjen odnosnemu vidiku posameznika z organizacijo v smeri razvoja organizacijskih teorij.
A Supervisão Clínica em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental: novos tempos e perspetivas de mudança
Authors:   Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Tâmega e Sousa, Teixeira Ana Isabel , Pires Regina ,   Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto
Published: March 2023

A Supervisão Clínica em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental: novos tempos e perspetivas de mudança
The Characteristics of Patients Admitted to a Forensic Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit in Australia
Authors: Jones Tomos , Harris Evrard , Roberts Matthew , Mawren Daveena , Lee Stuart
Published: March 2023

Background: Psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) house some of the highest acuity patients within the mental health system. Little is known about patient characteristics and adverse events occurring in these settings and this study aimed to examine clinical, demographic and
offending characteristics and correlates of problem behaviours for patients admitted to the first forensic PICU in Australia. Aims: To identify common characteristics held by patients admitted to one high secure forensic PICU in Australia. Method: Retrospective file review occurred
for patients admitted between March 2019 and May 2020, during which 96 male patients were admitted. Results: Mean (range) age was 37.3 (21–76) years, and when admitted most patients were: single (n = 80; 83.3%), homeless (n = 52; 54.2%), had not completed high-school education
(n = 60; 62.5%), had histories of trauma (n = 38; 39.6%) and antisocial behaviour (n = 40; 41.7%) in adolescence and presented with personality disorder (n = 23; 24.0%) and substance abuse (n = 93; 96.9%). Frequent problem behaviours, particularly aggression (n = 65; 67.7%), were encountered
and rates of seclusion (n = 62; 64.6%) were high. Segregation in prison prior to admission and co-morbid personality disorder were associated with increased likelihood of aggression or self-harm respectively occurring. Conclusion: With high mental illness acuity and significant behavioural
risk complicated by multi-vulnerability, forensic PICUs need specialist environments, models of care and high level relational and de-escalation staff expertise to maintain safety and promote recovery.
Los guardianes de acceso al metaverso. (Re)pensando el Derecho de la competencia de la Unión Europea
Authors: Cruz Ángeles Jonatán
Published: March 2023

El Metaverso, un espacio completamente virtual, está llamado a plantear nuevos desafíos para el Derecho de la Competencia de la Unión Europea. En estos momentos, los denominados gigantes tecnológicos están invirtiendo miles de millones de dólares para desarrollar nuevas plataformas autodenominadas “metaversos”. Entre éstas, destacan los proyectos iniciados por Epic Games, Roblox Corporation, Meta o Microsoft. No obstante, al usuario medio todavía no le queda claro en qué consiste este nuevo mercado ni mucho menos cómo se clasificará en términos antimonopolio. Así las cosas, en este artículo trataremos de definir este fenómeno y estudiaremos cómo la Unión Europea ha creado una nueva categoría: la de “guardianes de acceso” para designar a aquellas empresas o plataformas de mayor volumen o éxito, asignándoles toda una serie de obligaciones, con el fin de garantizar que el mercado en el que interactúan siga siendo equitativo y disputable.
Marcas no tradicionales. Especial referencia a la marca patrón, la marca de posición y la marca de color
Authors: Maroño Gargallo María del Mar
Published: March 2023

El carácter expansivo del Derecho de marcas se manifiesta, entre otros aspectos, en la gran variedad de signos cuyo registro se admite como marca. Este estudio se centra en tres tipos signos que se caracterizan por integrarse o confundirse con la apariencia de los productos que designan: la marca patrón, la marca de posición y la marca de color; marcas en las que se manifiesta la tensión existente entre, por un lado, la decisión de dar respuesta al anhelo de los operadores por contar con instrumentos de diferenciación atrayentes y, de otro, la necesidad de velar por mantener la libre disponibilidad en el mercado de determinados elementos para usos distintos de los marcarios. Con este presupuesto, y tras hacer una delimitación de estos tipos de marcas y de sus requisitos de representación, se revisan a la luz de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia, las prohibiciones absolutas de registro que constituyen el principal obstáculo para su protección como marca, así como el alcance de la protección jurídica que recibirán una vez registradas.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOPICAL GEL CONTAINING A DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITOR FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS
Authors:   M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand, Pokrathok Phawini , Muangman Pornprom ,   M.D., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Namviriyachote Nantaporn ,   Ph.D., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Viravaidya-Pasuwat Kwanchanok ,   Ph.D., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: March 2023

Chronic wounds are challenging for healthcare because they are difficult to treat and cannot heal by themselves. Active compounds that can accelerate wound healing are, therefore, necessary. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes that not only maintain the homeostasis of blood sugar levels but have also been shown to promote chronic wound healing. In this study, we formulated a topical gel containing, sitagliptin, a commonly used DPP-4 inhibitor drug to treat diabetes, using Carbopol 940 as a base due to its high viscosity and biocompatibility. The characteristics of the sitagliptin gel, including its physical appearance, viscoelastic properties, swelling and degradation, and stability, were investigated. The gel appeared to be transparent with a uniform distribution of drug molecules and was stable at 4 °C for more than 1 month. Moreover, the gel was shown to exhibit shear thinning pseudoplastic behavior, which is desirable for topical gels. The gel could absorb up to 250% of liquid within 2 days but later degraded in aqueous solution following zeroth-order kinetics. In the in vitro release study, the cumulative release data were best fitted with the first order kinetic model, in which the release rate depended on the concentration. To further demonstrate the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor gel, the gel was applied directly onto subcutaneous wounds on experimental pigs. The topical gel was shown to exhibit the desired spread ability without causing any inflammation around the wound area which was comparable to IntraSite® gel and commercial silver nanoparticle cream.
“HIGHER, FASTER, STRONGER”: CHAMPIONING CLASSROOM TEACHING
Authors:   Graduate School, Emilio Aguinaldo, Manila, Philippines, Zhao Qingjian
Published: March 2023

This qualitative narrative-autoethnography research explores my journey as a Wushu Athlete into becoming a teacher. My research intended to cull my life stories and experiences to elucidate my attitude, approaches, and visions as a teacher. My personal stories were drawn from my personal accounts of becoming a Wushu Olympic champion and the journey that led me into the noblest profession of all. Given the opportunity to teach Wushu at a prestigious university, I am privileged to utilize my techniques and skills and share them with my students. My idea is to shape my ideologies in teaching based on my athletic journey. Through this narrative, I discovered that my experiences placed me in good stead as an effective classroom teacher. While I realized the importance of theoretical foundation and practical knowledge in teaching Wushu, I must emphasize that teaching is also about creating relationships and instilling the right attitude among students.
THE USE OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TOOLS IN TEACHING ROUTINE SKILLS IN CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS
Authors:   Graduate School, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila, Philippines, Piao Meihua
Published: March 2023

Collaborative learning methods using technology tools provide an opportunity to learn even outside the classroom. This flexible method is now exploited by many teachers across the world due to the global health crisis. Hence, the intention of this study is to investigate the effect of collaborative learning on the performance scores of 50 students enrolled in a Wushu class in a selected high school located in Beijing, China. Results show a positive increase in the post-evaluation results after a two-week utilization of collaborative tools. It can be said that technology is a tool that levels the playing field for students. Hence, this paper touches on the importance of equal access to various technologies for learning to ensure that students are given the opportunity they deserve.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEACHING CLARITY AND STUDENT ACADEMIC MOTIVATION IN ONLINE CLASSES
Authors:   Business Department, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada, Liang Jiawei
Published: March 2023

Due to the outbreak of Covid-19, a large number of educational institutions had to temporarily discontinue their offline delivery models in favor of online courses. Teaching clarity has always been an important factor in teaching and learning, but due to the implementation of online courses, teaching clarity has been greatly impacted by various factors of new course delivery model. It is unknown how student academic motivation will be affected by teaching-clarity behaviors in this context. This study collected data from undergraduate students who adopted an online course delivery model to explore the relationship between teaching clarity and student academic motivation during covid-19. The regression result indicated that student motivation was significantly and positively related to teaching clarity in the online course delivery model, and that higher teaching clarity in online courses was associated with higher student motivation. The finding of this study shed light on the teaching-clarity behavior as a key to motivating students in the online course delivery model, with revelatory implications for teachers to design online courses and motivate students in the future.
Actinomycetoma by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans in a Young Man from Guinea-Bissau: Short Literature Review Regarding a Case Report
Authors: Trindade Torres Margarida , Sousa Nunes Beatriz , Varandas Luís , Maltez Fernando
Published: March 2023

Mycetoma is caused by the subcutaneous inoculation of filamentous fungi or aerobic filamentous bacteria. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a gram-positive bacterium from the order Actinomycetales that rarely causes human disease. The diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the causative microorganism. We present a short literature review regarding the case report of a young man diagnosed with actinomycetoma due to Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and who received treatment with an association of amikacin and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (Welsh regimen).
The potential of toothpaste containing Robusta coffee bean extract in reducing gingival inflammation and dental plaque formation
Authors: Pujiastuti Peni , Sakinah Neira Najatus , Arina Yuliana Mahdiyah Da’at , Wahyukundari Melok Aris , Praharani Depi , Sari Desi Sandra
Published: March 2023

Background: The prevention of gingivitis using chemicals containing antibiotics and chlorhexidine can disrupt the balance of the oral microbiota and have side effects in long-term use. A recent development in the prevention of gingivitis is the use of natural ingredients. Coffee is a natural ingredient that compounds several antibacterial and anti-inflammation properties. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the potential of toothpaste containing Robusta coffee bean extract in reducing gingival inflammation and inhibiting the formation of dental plaque. Methods: Twenty male Rattus norvegicus were divided into four groups, namely the control group and treatment groups (TG) TG25%, TG50%, and TG75%. All groups were fitted with ligature wire on the first left molar to accumulate dental plaque. After the fourth day, the ligature wire was removed, and the TG25%, TG50%, and TG75% groups were brushed once a day using toothpaste containing various concentrations of Robusta coffee extract, while the control group was brushed without using toothpaste. Plaque index, gingival index, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression were observed on the fifth day. The data was statistically tested using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference. Results: The statistical test showed that the TG75% group had the lowest value of plaque, gingival index, and IL-1 expression, while the control group had the highest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste has the potential to reduce gingival inflammation and dental plaque formation in a rat with gingivitis. The most effective concentration of Robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste in reducing gingival inflammation and dental plaque formation was 75%.
Multiple impacted third molars with pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption in geriatric patients: Two case reports
Authors: Onay Emel Olga , Koc Cemre , Ungor Mete
Published: March 2023

Background: Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PEIR) is a rare condition usually detected through an incidental radiographic finding. The etiology and pathogenesis of this phenomenon are not fully understood. Purpose: To describe two cases in which multiple impacted third molars with PEIR defects were identified. Cases: Female patients aged 77 and 82 years, respectively, were presented with dental issues. Radiolucencies in the dental crown areas of the impacted maxillary and mandibular third molars were initially detected on the panoramic radiographs. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed to better evaluate the impacted teeth. The results showed that the intracoronal defects extended through more than two-thirds of the thickness of the coronal dentin. Case Managements: Considering the patients’ age and their asymptomatic status, a conservative approach with radiographic follow-up was considered most appropriate. Four-year follow-up checks revealed that the teeth remained asymptomatic in both patients. Conclusion: This case report confirms that PEIR can affect impacted third molars, even in elderly patients. CBCT images are preferred for diagnosing PEIR defects because this method provides an accurate assessment of internal tooth anatomy. With an accurate diagnosis of asymptomatic PEIR, the lesion can be monitored.
Four distinct cytoplasmic structures generate and release specific vesicles, thus opening the way to intercellular communication
Authors: Racchetti Gabriella , Meldolesi Jacopo
Published: March 2023

In all cells, generation and release of specific vesicles are the initial steps of back-and-forth intercellular communication. These processes are critical in normal physiology and pathophysiology. Vesicles have particular functions appropriate to their targets. When stimulated, they are released into the extracellular space. Four cytoplasmic membrane-bound structures generate their particular vesicles. Among these structures, multivesicular bodies (MVBs) can accumulate many small vesicles in their lumen; release occurs upon MVB exocytosis. Ectosomes are larger vesicles characterized by their responses and are generated directly and released independently from specific microdomains pre-established in the thickness of the plasma membrane. Most lysosomes do not generate vesicles. However, unique components of a minor form, the endo-lysosome, constitute the third class of structures that release a few vesicles by exocytosis with molecules and structures inducing changes in the extracellular environment. The autophagosome, the fourth structure, releases several heterogeneous vesicles by exocytosis with malformed bio-molecules, assembled structures, and damaged organelles. Interestingly, the frequent interaction of autophagosomes with MVBs and their exosomes contributes to the regulation and intensity of their action. The specificity and function of released vesicles depend on their membranes’ and luminal cargoes’ composition and dynamics. An ongoing investigation of the various vesicles reveals new properties regarding their generation, release, and resulting extracellular processes. The growth of information about structures and their vesicles progressively extends the knowledge base regarding cell communication and contributes to their clinical applications.
Public Engagement with scholarship and research strategy
Authors:   University of Dundee, Hardee Erin , Cameron Amy ,   University of Dundee, Stanley-Wall Nicola ,   University of Dundee
Published: March 2023

Five years after our inaugural public engagement strategy, we undertook a review and refresh. This new document reflects comments from our Life Sciences community and evolving priorities within the sector and will help drive our work in the coming years.
An Issue in Einstein’s Concept of Time
Authors: Niemz Markolf H. , Stein Siegfried W.
Published: March 2023

Today’s concept of time is based on Einstein’s theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue since it is not compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: Predictions made by SR and GR are correct, but “Einstein time” (Einstein’s concept of time, proper time of one observer) has an issue. SR and GR work well for one observer describing his reality and for another observer describing his reality. Yet Einstein time distracts from a master reference frame (birthplace of each observer’s unique reality) that is beyond SR and GR. In Euclidean relativity (ER), we replace Einstein time with “Euclidean time” (proper time of all objects/observers). In Euclidean spacetime (ES), all energy is moving radially away from “an origin” (the Big Bang) at the speed of light. For each object, time flows in a unique 4D direction related to its position. Unlike other ER models, we claim that an observer’s reality is only created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper 3D space and to his proper flow of time. ER gives us the same Lorentz factor as in SR and the same gravitational time dilation as in GR, but now we learn that they stem from a projection. ER outperforms SR in explaining time’s arrow and mc2. ER outperforms a GR-based cosmology in solving competing Hubble constants and declaring cosmic inflation, expansion of space, and dark energy redundant. Most important, ER is compatible with quantum mechanics: It solves the wave–particle duality and quantum entanglement while declaring non-locality redundant.
Forgotten “Primum Non Nocere” and Increased Mortality after Covid-19 Vaccination
Authors: Šorli Srecko , Makovec Tomaz , Krevel Zivan , Gorjup Rado
Published: March 2023

Background. The main impetus behind the worldwide Covid-19 vaccination campaign in 2021 was to reduce the mortality attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the preceding year. Nevertheless, rigorous analyses of the mortality benefits conferred by this massive vaccination effort have been lacking. Methods Statistics offers us an essential methodological approach for measuring the impacts of Covid-19 vaccination on public health. The mathematical relation between vaccinated-alive groups can be repeated between vaccinated-dead groups with relatively high statistical reliability because of the large population numbers involved. This method also confers greater statistical usefulness because it eliminates the Simpson effect. Results Calculations were performed for each of the following five(5) four-week intervals: weeks 35-38 (2021), weeks 39-42 (2021), weeks 43-46 (2021), weeks 47-50 (2021), and weeks 50(2021)-1(2022). The results obtained confirm that the mortality of the vaccinated coronavirus-infected groups was 14.5% higher on average than the mortality of non-vaccinated coronavirus-infected groups. Conclusions Vaccinated infected groups appear to have higher average mortality than their non-vaccinated infected counterparts. The findings suggest the legitimacy of extending the statistics between vaccinated living and vaccinated dead individuals for different age groups. Calculating the impact of Covid-19 vaccination on the mortality rate is a necessary step towards satisfying the first principle of medicine: “Primum non nocere”, “Do no harm”.
Analysis of Nipah Virus Replication and Host Proteome Response Patterns in Differentiated Porcine Airway Epithelial Cells Cultured at the Air-Liquid Interface
Authors: Müller Martin , Fischer Kerstin , Woehnke Elisabeth , Zaeck Luca M. , Prönnecke Christoph , Knittler Michael R. , Karger Axel , Diederich Sandra , Finke Stefan
Published: March 2023

Respiratory tract epithelium infection plays a primary role in Nipah virus (NiV) pathogenesis and transmission. Knowledge about infection dynamics and host responses to NiV infection in respir-atory tract epithelia is scarce. Studies in non-differentiated primary respiratory tract cells or cell lines indicate insufficient interferon (IFN) responses. However, studies are lacking to determin-ing complex host response patterns in differentiated respiratory tract epithelia to understand NiV replication and spread in swine. Here we characterized infection and spread of NiV in differenti-ated primary porcine bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) cultivated at the air-liquid-interface (ALI). After the initial infection of only a few apical cells, lateral spread for 12 days with epithelium disruption was observed without releasing substantial amounts of infectious virus from the api-cal or basal sides. Deep time course proteomics revealed pronounced upregulation of genes re-lated to type I/II- IFN, immunoproteasomal subunits, TAP-mediated peptide transport and MHC I antigen presentation. Spliceosomal factors were downregulated. We propose a model in which NiV replication in PBEC is slowed by a potent and broad type I/II-IFN host response with con-version from 26S proteasomes to immunoproteasomal antigen processing and improved MHC I presentation for adaptive immunity priming. NiV induced cytopathic effects could reflect the focal release of cell-associated NiV, which may contribute to efficient airborne viral spread between pigs.