bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Approach to Predict In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients Admitted for Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States
Authors: Zhang Donglan , Li Yike , Kalbaugh Corey Andrew , Shi Lu , Divers Jasmin , Islam Shahidul , Annex Brian H.
Published: October 2022

Background

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects >10 million people in the United States. PAD is associated with poor outcomes, including premature death. Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly used on big data to predict clinical outcomes. This study aims to develop ML models to predict in‐hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for PAD based on a national database.

Methods and Results

Inpatient hospitalization data were obtained from the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample. A total of 150 921 inpatients were identified with a primary diagnosis of PAD and PAD‐related procedures using codes of the
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐10‐CM
) and
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System (ICD‐10‐PCS)
. Four ML models, including logistic regression, random forest, light gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting models, were trained to predict the risk of in‐hospital death based on a selection of variables, including patient characteristics, comorbidities, procedures, and hospital‐related factors. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 1.8% of patients. The performance of the 4 models was comparable, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.83 to 0.85, sensitivity of 77% to 82%, and specificity of 72% to 75%. These results suggest adequate predictability for clinical decision‐making. In all 4 models, the total number of diagnoses and procedures, age, endovascular revascularization procedure, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and diabetes with complications were critical predictors of in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of ML in predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients with a primary PAD diagnosis. Findings highlight the potential of ML models in identifying high‐risk patients for poor outcomes and guiding personalized intervention.
‘From Mozambique in Indies of Portugal’
Authors: Gharala Norah L.A.
Published: October 2022

Between the mid-sixteenth and late-seventeenth centuries, a minority of enslaved people in Spanish America came from the western Indian Ocean world. Europeans trafficked “Mozambiques” into central Mexico as early as the 1540s, but the terms connecting people to Eastern Africa remained nebulous to imperial authorities. Changeable and malleable, terms like “mozambique” or “cafre de pasa” circulated widely and developed layers of meaning as enslaved people moved among the port cities of the Iberian empires. These vocabularies of difference associated Blackness with the Indo-Pacific in Mexican historical documents. Tracing the experiences of enslaved people of East African origins in Mexico complicates the conflation of Blackness, slavery, and Atlantic Africa. Before the eighteenth century, historical sources point to an overlapping of categories denoting Africanness and Asianness in Mexico.
Purchasing Slaves Overseas for the Business of War
Authors: Maréchaux Benoît
Published: October 2022

Drawing on merchant letters and account books of military entrepreneurs, whose role in slave markets is still poorly understood, this article explores the Mediterranean activities of the Genoese contractors who emerged as major slave traffickers while operating galleys for the Spanish Monarchy. By examining their operations as slave buyers rather than as slave makers, this study analyzes how and why early modern military entrepreneurs mobilized forced labor beyond national borders. The article shows that in the specific context of the early 17th century, Genoese galley managers obtained most slaves by buying them in distant Mediterranean ports, and the reasons for this are explained. The study of how slaves were located, evaluated, negotiated over, paid for, and transported from a distance reveals that buying slaves internationally involved connecting the distant ports of a fragmented market characterized by a volatile local supply, localized information, unpredictable prices, and ubiquitous brokers. It is argued that, in such an imperfect market, the asentistas de galeras had no choice but to empower their galley captains and local agents. Purchasing slaves overseas increased market opportunities but involved high risks, unpredictable legal procedures, and myriad logistical issues.
Anatolian endemic genus Bolua (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae): genetic and phenotypic data indicate inconsistent diversity and evolutionary patterns
Authors: ULUAR ONUR , YAHYAOĞLU ÖZGÜL , ÇIPLAK BATTAL
Published: October 2022

Anatolia harbours diverse and unique biodiversity. Nearly half of the genera and more than 80% of the species belonging to the tettigoniid subfamily Tettigoniinae are endemic to Anatolia. Although the Anatolian Tettigoniinae have been well studied, proper documentation of Tettigoniinae biodiversity requires studies using contemporary approaches and techniques. We attempted to study the taxonomy, phylogeny, and phylogeography of the Bolua, a monotypic genus endemic to northwest Anatolia. Species delimitation tests applied to three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments indicated three putative species in the genus. Analyses suggested inversely related genetic and phenotypic divergence. By integrating these results, we reached the following conclusions. (i) The plausible taxonomic composition recognizes three species in the genus; the type species Bolua turkiyae and two new species B. balikesirensis sp. n. and B. bursaensis sp. n., (ii) the radiation steps in Bolua correspond to the starting of the Pliocene, Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT) and end of cold periods of Günz and Riss glacial. By considering intra generic divergence steps and habitat preference plus the distribution pattern of the species, ecological speciation seems to be the mode of generic radiation, (iii) possibly due to habitat conservatism, the isolated relict populations on highlands evolved under similar selection pressures, and this led to a conserved phenotype, consequently morphologically poorly diverged species, though genetic divergence is deep and (iv) although morphological diagnoses is poor, genetic divergence between species is deep, and each species fulfils the criteria of several species concepts.
Two new species of the genus Tautoneura Anufriev from Karst area in Southwest China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)
Authors: TAN WEI-WEN , PU TIAN-YI , SONG YUE-HUA
Published: October 2022

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Tautoneura Anufriev from Karst areas in Southwest China are described and illustrated, Tautoneura aureomarginalis sp. nov. and Tautoneura lageniformis sp. nov. A key to distinguish the Chinese species of the genus is given.
A new species of the inquilinous gall wasp genus Saphonecrus Dalla-Torre & Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from South Korea, Saphonecrus jejuensis Kang & Lobato-Vila, sp. nov.
Authors: KANG MINJOON , JUNG SUNGHOON , PUJADE-VILLAR JULI , LOBATO-VILA IRENE
Published: October 2022

A new species of the inquilinous gall wasp genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) reared from undetermined cryptic stem galls on Quercus glauca Thunb., Saphonecrus jejuensis Kang & Lobato-Vila, sp. nov., is described from South Korea. A detailed description, diagnosis, data on biology and pictures of both the new species and the host galls are provided. An identification key to the Saphonecrus species found in South Korea is also given.
1. Introduction
Authors: Campos Liliane , Patoine Pierre-Louis
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents the volume’s investigation into artistic engagements with life sciences and biopolitical questions, in recent European and North American fiction, poetry, graphic novels and performance. It outlines the twenty-first-century’s emergent biological imagination as an interdiscursive phenomenon, nourished by the circulation of ideas and images between artistic work, popular science, and philosophy. In this cross-fertilizing process, contemporary artists are engaging with life forms and perspectives that challenge representation: relational entities such as symbionts, fungal networks or microbial communities; and eco-biological ‘hyperobjects’ whose complexity defy easy representation, such as climate change or population dynamics. By engaging with scientific representations, literature and performance question the aesthetic and political implications of current modes of visualisation, including medical imaging and ecosystem modelling, but also the shifting metaphors of biological and medical discourse.

The introduction presents some of the key political questions arising from medical, ecological and pandemic imaginaries, and examines the current extension of biopolitical questions to relations beyond the human. We then turn to the volume’s focus on questions of scale. Creative practice, as the following chapters show, is responding both to the planetary scale of our current ecological crisis and to new areas of knowledge opened up by neurology and microbiology. Contemporary art thus foregrounds and problematizes relations between the meso-scale of everyday human experience and the micro- or macro- scales of our increased biomedical and ecological awareness. Finally, the introduction outlines some of the key aesthetic trends identified by the collection, presenting new categories such as the molecular sublime, the fungal weird, cosy catastrophe fiction, the post-pastoral detective novel, or plant theatre. We argue that aesthetic form, by extending our perception to scales and perspectives hitherto ignored, contributes to the new politics of attention demanded by the twenty-first century.
4. Mycoaesthetics
Authors: Woods Derek
Published: October 2022

This chapter seeks to answer an important question: why are fungi weird? A very wide range of representations establish that this kingdom of life is associated quite strongly, especially in Anglo-American culture, with aesthetic categories like the eerie, strange, uncanny, trippy, queer, horrible, and disgusting. From the vantage of literary studies, the first line of inquiry to pursue is the ‘weird fiction’ often exemplified by the work of H. P. Lovecraft. In this genre of fantasy and horror, some interest in fungi spans both the ‘old weird’ and the new, for example in John Lloyd Urri’s novel Etidorpha; or, The End of the Earth (1895), and Jeff VanderMeer in City of Saints and Madmen (2001). Given the significant attention received by VanderMeer’s Southern Reach Trilogy (2014) (including the adaptation of the trilogy’s first novel Annihilation as a film of the same title), the center piece of my study will be VanderMeer’s recent novels, which I read in the context of 1) scientific work in mycology and 2) the “nonhuman turn” in the field of literature and science. The nonhuman turn rarely turns to fungi, so exploring the specificity of its scales and images can open some new paths for a field that, despite its critique of Aristotelian metaphysics, tends to focus its research on humans, animals, plants, and non-living matter, leaving the fungal kingdom to haunt the outer edges of our discourse.
5. To Be or Not to Be a Patient
Authors: Antolin Pascale
Published: October 2022

This chapter shows to what extent the undiagnosed condition of Ferris’s main protagonist in The Unnamed provokes a questioning of medical classifications and contemporary neurological reduction. With his compulsive walking, the lawyer turns into a tramp. As he is both well-off and homeless, ‘normate’ and disabled, he destabilizes social categories. Writing a syndrome novel without any identified syndrome, borrowing from Dickinson’s poetry and the Naturalist novel, Ferris also challenges literary genres and conventions.
8. Dead Gods and Geontopower
Authors: Ferebee Kristin M.
Published: October 2022

At the core of Jeff Lemire’s 2009-2013 graphic novel Sweet Tooth is a tale of resource extraction. This may seem an extraordinary claim to make about a dark fairy tale of a text that is chiefly concerned with the postapocalyptic relationship between an ageing hockey bruiser and a young deer-human hybrid boy. Yet Sweet Tooth #26-8 and #35 reveal that both the mysterious plague responsible for destroying human civilization in the world of Lemire’s story and the animal hybrid children inexplicably born in the same era have their origins in an ancient nonhuman force disinterred from the Arctic ice. The trope of nonhuman horrors unleashed from drilling or melting in the Arctic has become a common one; Sweet Tooth’s world-ecological (Moore) framing of the incident as one that brings together colonialism, capitalism, and science is not particularly unique. However, the Canadian Lemire’s refusal to differentiate between genetic science and indigenous cosmology in the comic’s portrayal of both viral pandemic and embodied animal gods offers the possibility of a geontological (Povinelli) reading. Here, I interpret Sweet Tooth as fundamentally a piece of climate change fiction— one that responds to an urgent need for new ways to understand a world that is not only post-Human, but also post-Life.
12. Displacing the Human
Authors: Shepherd-Barr Kirsten E. , Simpson Hannah
Published: October 2022

Our collective consciousness lacks ready visual iconography for the elements of the climate crisis that extend beyond or below our own human-centred scale: the microzoa that power our ecosystems, or colossal global, atmospheric and multi-century environmental changes. Theatre’s engagement with climate change has tended to remain human-scaled and human-centred: as a medium which traditionally relies on the human body as its main referent, theatre has inevitably inclined towards the anthropocentric. Might there be a theatrical representation of the vast macro and minute micro scale of global climate change, atmospheric pollution, and mass species extinction? One which, in doing so, offers the new stage images and new scales of dramatic representation to help us make the imaginative leap into broader, less anthropocentric consideration of the climate change? In this chapter, we explore some of the efforts to wrestle with innovative stage images and scales that theatre-makers have produced in their creative endeavours to capture and convey the current ecological crisis, and offer some new theoretical models for thinking about the theatre’s representations of climate change. Examining the ‘dramatised lectures’ of Stephen Emmott, Bruno Latour, Chris Rapley and Duncan Macmillan, the site-specific and outdoor work of Carole Kim, Extinction Rebellion and Deke Weaver, and a range of recent West End and fringe theatre plays including Steve Waters’s The Contingency Plan, Ella Hickson’s Oil, Mike Bartlett’s Earthquakes in London, Punctuate! Theatre’s Bears and Andrew Bovell’s When the Rain Stops Falling, we argue that theatre’s unique functioning in a range of spatial and temporal dimensions and sensory modes offers rich potential for representations of climate change that might move us into a more-than-human scope of thought.
The Hypothesis of the Deformation Mechanism of Cement Slurry
Authors: Chen Fujiang , Chen Fuming , Gao Meiben , Sun Cangqian , Duan Rongqian , Zeng Feng
Published: October 2022

Exploring the deformation mechanism of cement slurry is of great theoretical significance to ensure the safety and stability of construction, highways, railways, hydropower, nuclear waste disposal and other engineering components, which can provide a theoretical basis for disaster prevention
and environmental protection. Scientists have established many theories and models, which are partially reasonable and clearly insufficient because they cannot explain the various deformations, microstructure evolution, strength formation and development of cement slurry solidification. A
new hypothesis of the cement slurry deformation mechanism is proposed. The hypothesis is that the combination of clinker and its hydration products expands, shrinks, and re-expands in sequence, and the stress between them changes from repulsion to attraction and then to the coexistence of
repulsion and attraction, inducing micro-and macro deformation of the cement slurry. The water cement ratio and mean size are the main factors affecting the deformation. This hypothesis can reasonably explain the deformation of cement slurry. The formation and development of the cement slurry
strength are discussed. Some viewpoints are questioned, and some suggestions are given.
Two Co(II)-Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism on Radiation Pneumonitis by Inhibiting the Excessive Inflammatory Response of Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Jun-Yan , Li Xing-Jie
Published: October 2022

[Co(L1)2(HCOO)] (1) and [Co2(HL2)2(CH3COO)·(NH2)(CH3)] (2) [HL1 = 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid 1-oxide, HL2 = 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid], are new 3D coordination polymers that were successfully
obtained via solvothermal conditions as determined by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Single-crystal diffraction analysis showed that 1 and 2 have 3D porous structures that depend on secondary building units. Furthermore, the application values
of the newly developed compounds on radiation pneumonitis were determined, and the corresponding mechanism was examined. First, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed work to measure the plasma-released inflammatory cytokine content. Then, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used
to organize and observe the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
Educators’ perspectives about teaching and supporting students with learning difficulties in reading
Authors: Serry Tanya , Snow Pamela , Hammond Lorraine , McLean Emina , McCormack Jane
Published: October 2022

We explored the perspectives of school-based educators located in Victoria, Australia, regarding their support of students who have reading difficulties. An anonymous survey was completed by 523 participants, including educators, educational leaders and Student Support Services staff. Results revealed multiple areas of concern related to their capacity to work on reading intervention with these students. Although participants reported that students with reading difficulties were present in most classes, confidence to work effectively with these students was mixed. They described feeling poorly prepared by preservice programs and indicated that insufficient time and mentorship prevented them from serving these students optimally. As a group, they privileged many approaches that align with best practice for struggling readers, such as explicit instruction, but perceived that such practices are not always feasible to implement. Support was also strong for practices considered non-evidence-based, such as adhering to students’ preferred ‘learning-style’. Recommendations for school-based practice, with a specific focus on students with reading difficulties, are made.
Very Early Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: Desjardins Marie-Pier , Naccache Lamia , Hébert Audrey , Auger Isabelle , Teira Pierre , Pelland-Marcotte Marie-Claude
Published: October 2022

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), a rare form of porphyria, is caused by a defect in the heme biosynthesis pathway of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS). Uroporphyrinogen III synthase deficiency leads to an accumulation of nonphysiological porphyrins in bone marrow, red blood cells, skin, bones, teeth, and spleen. Consequently, the exposure to sunlight causes severe photosensitivity, long-term intravascular hemolysis, and eventually, irreversible mutilating deformities. Several supportive therapies such as strict sun avoidance, physical sunblocks, red blood cells transfusions, hydroxyurea, and splenectomy are commonly used in the management of CEP. Currently, the only available curative treatment of CEP is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this article, we present a young girl in which precocious genetic testing enabled early diagnosis and allowed curative treatment with HSCT for CEP at the age of 3 months of age, that is, the youngest reported case thus far.
Trade Integration and Production Disintegration of Manufacturing Industries: India in Global Platform
Authors: Paul Anusree , Barua Alokesh
Published: October 2022

The bulk of the world trade in commodities now a days consist of intermediate goods, which play an essential role in production and creation of value-added. As a consequence, the global production process is getting much more integrated today than ever before. To understand and examine this internationalisation in Indian manufacturing industries, using World Input–Output Database (WIOD), we have estimated the foreign and domestic value-added contents in export and output of Indian manufacturing for the period 2000 to 2014. Further, to complement this analysis, we have also performed regression estimations to identify the relationship between export, imported inputs use, and output growth of Indian manufacturing industries. Our study reveals low usage of domestic inputs use and more usage of imported inputs. These indicate stronger backward linkages in production and weak forward linkages in global consumption and production networks. Regression analysis also strengthens the finding of higher backward participation of the manufacturing sector. We have employed panel vector error correction model, fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic OLS models. Our results reveal a robust long-run causality between imported inputs usage and export-growth of the sector.

JEL Codes: C33, C67, F14, F15
Managerial Performance in Developing School Climate to Improve School Quality
Authors: Kurniady Dedy Achmad , Susilana Rudi , Widodo Mulyanto , Halimi Aan Komariah
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of managerial performance on school climate and school quality directly and indirectly. This study used a quantitative method with structural equation model (SEM) analysis on 162 teachers in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. The results of the study showed that school climate mediated the influence of managerial performance on school quality. The influence of managerial performance on school quality was performed directly and indirectly. Managerial performance and school climate simultaneously strongly explained the high and low school quality of 89.2%, whereas the remaining 10.8% was influenced by other factors not examined in this study. It can be concluded that the improvement of school quality is developed on managerial performance and is oriented toward a conducive school climate.
Compassion and Self-Compassion: Counterfactors of Burnout in Medical Students and Physicians
Authors: Román-Calderón Juan P. , Krikorian Alicia , Ruiz Erika , Romero Ana M. , Lemos Mariantonia
Published: October 2022

Objective

To examine the relationship between self-compassion, compassion for others and Burnout in medical students and physicians.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. Medicine students and general physicians from two Colombian cities participated ( n = 359). The Compassion Scales and the Maslach Inventory were administered. An Exploratory Structural Equation approach was used for validating new measures and testing for relationships between latent variables.

Results

Most participants were students (85.9%), mean age was 22 years (SD = 7), 55.2% were female, 62,6% dedicated more than 48 weekly hours to study or practice, while physicians had worked a mean of 10.34 years (SD = 8.67). Self-compassion and Compassion for others action subscales were validated, but engagement subscales of were not. Participant´s compassion actions for others and self-compassion actions are negatively related to depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, respectively. Additionally, compassion dimensions were positively associated with professional accomplishment.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that compassion and self-compassion actions inversely relate to different components of Burnout and could constitute protective factors against the stress of healthcare. Compassion and self-compassion training programs for medical students and physicians might be an alternative to avoid Burnout, diminishing physicians’ depersonalization and emotional exhaustion while enhancing their professional accomplishment.
Study on volume swell and mechanical properties of fuel system elastomers with Fischer–Tropsch fuel for diesel engines
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhang Wugao , Peng Haiyong , Zhang Haibo
Published: October 2022

The compatibility of elastomers used in engine fuel system with Fischer–Tropsch (FT) fuel is essential, but there is very limited research available on it. In this work, the compatibility between four types of commonly used elastomers in fuel system and FT fuel was experimentally investigated. The assessed elastomers including nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), fluoroelastomer (FKM), and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were exposed to FT fuel which derived from natural gas for 21 days. The properties of the elastomers such as mass, volume, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength were measured before and after immersion, at the same time the change rates of these properties were calculated. The results demonstrated that all properties of EPDM deteriorated significantly after soak, and its compatibility with FT fuel was the worst, making it unsuitable for FT engines. NBR, FKM, and CPE all showed low rates of property change, with FKM exhibiting the greatest compatibility performance with FT fuel. Additionally, the O-rings made of FKM were submerged in FT fuel and diesel for 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, respectively. It was found that the mass and volume variations of FKM O-rings in FT fuel were negligible and comparable with those of diesel fuel.
How Leadership Moments are Enacted within a Strict Hierarchy: The case of kitchen brigades in haute cuisine restaurants
Authors: Lortie Josée , Cabantous Laure , Sardais Cyrille
Published: October 2022

This paper employs a strong process approach to leadership – one that focuses on leadership moments in action – to explore how collaborative leadership emerges within a hierarchical context. Drawing on observation in three haute cuisine restaurant kitchen brigades – highly hierarchical teams that deal with intense time pressures – we document empirically in the ongoing flow of experience how leadership moments reorient collective action as a response to an unstable environment. Moreover, we show how collaborative leadership emerges from a hierarchical structure, counterintuitively, during the most critical period of the service. Our contribution is twofold. We offer a novel conceptualization of the emergence of plural leadership within a hierarchical context, one that highlights the capacity to reframe the way of working together during the most critical moments of an unfolding situation. In addition, our work contributes to the strong process approach to leadership through the methodology adopted: rather than exploring how turning points are discursively enacted, we focus on these as manifested in action and in the non-verbal aspects displayed at such moments.
Predictors of poor outcome in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Pans Nick , Vanherf Jul , Vandenbrande Jeroen , Lehaen Jeroen , Yilmaz Alaaddin , Verwerft Jan , Van Tornout Michiel , Geebelen Laurien , Callebaut Ina , Herbots Lieven , Dubois Jasperina , Stessel Björn
Published: October 2022

Introduction

We aimed to identify risk factors associated with ICU mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We also aimed to assess protocol violations of the local eligibility criteria of ECMO initiation.

Methods

All 31 consecutive adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to ICU and treated with ECMO from March 13th 2020 to 8 December 2021 were enrolled. Eligibility criteria for ECMO initiation were: P/F-ratio<50 mmHg >3 hours, P/F-ratio<80 mmHg >6 hours or pH<7.25 + PaCO2>60 mmHg >6 hours, despite maximal protective invasive ventilation. Primary outcome was ICU mortality. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of ICU mortality.

Results

12 out of 31 patients (38.7%) did not survive ECMO treatment in ICU. Half of the non-survivors suffered from acute kidney failure compared to 3 out of 19 survivors (15.79%) ( p = .04). Half of the non-survivors required CRRT treatment versus 1 patient in the survivor group (5.3%) ( p < .01). Higher age (2.45 (0.97–6.18), p = .05), the development of AKI (5.33 (1.00–28.43), p = .05), need of CRRT during ICU stay (18.00 (1.79–181.31), p = .01) and major bleeding during ECMO therapy (0.51 (0.19–0.89), p < .01) were identified to be predictors of ICU mortality.

Conclusion

Almost 60% of patients could be treated successfully with ECMO with sustained results at 3 months. Predictors for ICU mortality were development of AKI and need of CRRT during ICU stay, higher age category and major bleeding. Inadvertent ECMO allocation was noted in almost one in five patients.
Adverse events after administration of the first and second doses of messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in Japanese subjects aged 12–18 years
Authors: Ogawa Taku , Yamada Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Yuki , Minami Kenta , Kawanishi Fumiko , Nakano Takashi , Ukimura Akira
Published: October 2022

Objective

Using a prospective observational design, we assessed adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese patients.

Methods

Two doses of the mRNA-1273 (SPIKEVAX®) or BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY®) vaccine were administered to participants aged 12 to 18 years, and AEs after each dose were recorded for 14 days. Data on the duration and nature (local vs. systemic) of AEs were collected using a questionnaire. Sex-based differences in AE frequency were also analyzed.

Results

After the first and second doses, 152 and 135 vaccinees were enrolled, respectively. After the first dose, fever (>37.1°C) occurred in 38.9% of males and 50.0% of females, whereas local pain occurred in 89.8% and 97.7% of males and females, respectively (only SPIKEVAX® was used as the first dose). After the second dose, fever (>37.1°C) occurred in 77.8% and 82.6% of males vaccinated with COMIRNATY® and SPIKEVAX®, respectively, and 82.6% of females (all received SPIKEVAX®). The local pain rates in these groups were 80.6%, 76.3%, and 100%, respectively. After the second dose, local pain, fever (>38.1°C) and headache were significantly more common in female participants, and the median symptom duration was 3 days.

Conclusions

AEs were more frequent after the second dose and in females.
Words Like Weapons: Labeling Women As Emotional During a Disagreement Negatively Affects the Perceived Legitimacy of Their Arguments
Authors: Frasca Teresa J. , Leskinen Emily A. , Warner Leah R.
Published: October 2022

With one in eight Americans thinking women are too emotional to be in politics (Carnevale et al., 2019), being labeled as emotional during a disagreement may activate stereotypes about a woman's irrationality and affect how legitimate people perceive her arguments to be. We experimentally tested the effects of such labels. In Study 1 ( N  =  86), participants who read a vignette where a woman (versus a man) was told to “calm down” during a disagreement, saw her argument as significantly less legitimate. Perceived emotionality mediated the relation between condition and perceived legitimacy. Study 2 replicated this finding ( N  =  126) with different vignettes where the character was explicitly labeled as “emotional.” Using video vignettes in Study 3 ( N  =  251), we failed to replicate the results observed in Studies 1 and 2. We hope practitioners use these studies to increase awareness of how stereotype-laden labels can delegitimize women's arguments, particularly when heard via writing (e.g., via email, text, or instant messaging) rather than when observed. This work may motivate observers to challenge the use of delegitimizing labels, so that women's claims can be judged based on the soundness of their arguments, rather than stereotypes about their ability to think rationally. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221123745
Connecting Spaces: Gender, Video Games and Computing in the Early Teens
Authors: Ashlock Jennifer , Stojnic Miodrag , Tufekci Zeynep
Published: October 2022

Informed by evidence that computing attitudes may be uniquely constructed in informal contexts and that the early teens are a key period for academic decision-making, we investigate lines of practice that connect computing skills, attitudes, and videogames. We compare the relationship between computer skill, computer efficacy, and activities associated with gaming using a data set of 3,868 children in middle school. The time that children spend gaming has very modest association with skill and efficacy. Accounting for the frequency with which children modify games, engage in social gaming activities, and the salience of gamer identity explains the gender gap in computer skill and significantly narrows the gender gap in computer efficacy. We find support for the argument that computer skill and efficacy are dependent on children connecting often isolated social contexts, a socially embedded characteristic of the digital divide.
Nonprofit Scandals: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Chapman Cassandra M. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Gillespie Nicole , Lockey Steve
Published: October 2022

High-profile charity scandals have always represented a threat to the nonprofit sector, which relies on public trust and funding to operate. We systematically review 30 years of empirical research on scandals involving nonprofits and present both quantitative and qualitative syntheses of the 71 articles identified. Informed by this review, we generate a conceptual model theorizing the causes and consequences of scandals, as well as how nonprofits can best prevent and respond to organizational transgressions. We then put forward a research agenda that elaborates five key factors that are especially important for understanding nonprofit scandals but remain understudied: (a) integrity versus competence violations, (b) moral licensing, (c) the multilevel nature of organizational transgressions, (d) sectoral causes of scandal, and (e) effective responses. We close the article with recommendations for nonprofit managers about how to conceptualize, prevent, plan for, and respond to transgressions occurring within their organizations, and any resulting scandals.
Street vending, vulnerability and exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Cali, Colombia
Authors: Martínez Lina , Young Graeme
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on livelihoods everywhere, but especially in the informal economy where crucial forms of protection and security are often absent. A detailed understanding of the impacts for informal workers, the public policy approaches that could most effectively respond to their needs, and the barriers to such policy, is urgently needed. This paper discusses the results of a 2021 street vendor survey in Cali, Colombia, focusing on (1) vendors’ socioeconomic circumstances and (2) their political engagement and attitudes on key policy and governance issues. It argues that while the pandemic and the government responses to it negatively impacted street vendors, there are steps that government could have taken, and can still take, to address vendors’ needs and priorities. To ensure a just, equitable, sustainable recovery, and to protect economically marginalized groups from future crises, informal workers must be more meaningfully included in decision-making processes.
Innovation of Social Workers Under Different Leadership Styles: An Experimental Vignette Study
Authors: Song Yajun , Lan Jing , Zheng Guanghuai , Wang Yean
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Using situational leadership theory, this study examined the innovation of social workers in community-level social work institutions under different leadership styles. Methods: We conducted an online survey experiment on the professional strengths of social workers in eight cities of mainland China from December 8–20, 2020. Results: Both ethical leadership and servant leadership are conducive to social workers’ innovative behaviors. Our full model also suggests that organizational climate moderates the effects of leadership styles on innovative behaviors, with servant leadership having a greater impact than ethical leadership on social workers’ innovative behavior in low-innovation climate environments, but ethical leadership has a greater impact than servant leadership on social workers’ innovative behavior in high-innovation climate environments. Conclusion: Our study provides important strategies to fully stimulate the innovation effects of leadership based on the stage characteristics of social work innovation practices.
Children's Perspectives on Food Allergy in Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Feldman Laura Y. , Merrill Kaitlyn , Golding Michael A. , Memauri Tessa , Driedger S. Michelle , Ross Nancy L. , Protudjer Jennifer L. P.
Published: October 2022

Approximately 7% of children live with food allergy, a condition that requires dietary avoidance to prevent an allergic reaction. In this qualitative study, we aimed to understand food allergy-related experiences, beliefs and learning preferences among children with and without food allergies, to inform a school-based, food allergy education program. Data were analysed thematically. We virtually interviewed children in Kindergarten-Grade 8 in Manitoba, Canada, with (n = 7) and without (n = 9) parent-reported, physician-diagnosed food allergies. We identified three themes: Naive reliance on peers and school staff to assist with food allergy management; Limited food allergy knowledge; and, Recommended food allergy curricula: complementary perspective. Our findings will help inform the development of a school-based, food allergy education program, with a long-term goal of minimizing food allergy-related worries and optimizing safety for children with food allergy. Ongoing, school-based food allergy education is needed.
Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Workers of a Referral Cancer Center in Mexico City: A Pilot Study on Early Detection Awareness for Cancer
Authors: Reynoso-Noverón Nancy , Chang Shine , Herrera-Montalvo Luis Alonso , Meneses-García Abelardo
Published: October 2022

Background

Prevention strategies for cancer are necessary. Health workers who often serve as role models bear responsibility for prevention counseling and programs. However, whether their habits and behaviors reflect prevention goals are unknown. We describe the prevalence of cancer risk factors and prevention behaviors in health workers of a referral cancer center in Mexico City.

Methods

Cross-sectional study in which workers of the National Cancer Institute were invited to participate in a prevention program, risk factor survey, and nutrition, psychological, and genetic counseling were included. The likelihood of cancer was calculated based on the presence of risk factors. Factors associated with prevention behaviors were identified by logistic regression.

Results

We recruited 301 workers; 77% were women. The median self-reported BMI was 26.4 kg/m2, 9.97% smoked, 78% drank alcohol, and 89% did not get at least 150 min/week of physical activity. In women, age (OR = 1.3 95%CI 1.01-1.06) and physical activity of 150 min/week (OR = 2.52 95% CI 1.28-4.96) were associated with cancer prevention behaviors. No risk factors were associated with healthy behaviors among men.

Conclusion

Health workers may have unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors, is essential to create supportive environments to promote cancer prevention counseling and programs effectively.
Short-term postprandial changes in select serum biochemistry analytes in healthy adult cats
Authors: Wallace Olivia , Summers Stacie , Quimby Jessica , Lappin Michael
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude, duration and significance of postprandial changes to select serum biochemistry analytes in healthy adult cats in the 12 h period after a meal.

Methods

Nine adult research cats fed commercial food were included. Blood samples were taken after a 12 h fast (hour 0), cats were offered and consumed a meal, and postprandial samples were obtained over a 12 h period starting 2 h after the baseline blood draw (hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12). Serum samples were run on a Roche Cobas C501 chemistry analyzer to obtain concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, phosphorus, total calcium, bicarbonate, cholesterol, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride. Serum concentrations of each analyte at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 were compared with concentrations prior to feeding.

Results

Serum concentration for at least one postprandial time point was different from baseline fasted concentration for BUN (hour 2, P = 0.006; hour 4, P <0.0001; hour 6, P = 0.002; hour 8, P = 0.026), phosphorus (hour 2, P = 0.019), bicarbonate (hours 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10; all P <0.01), glucose (hour 12, P = 0.014), magnesium (hour 10, P = 0.029) and chloride (hour 2, P = 0.026; hour 4, P = 0.044; hour 12, P = 0.019). No significant difference was seen at any postprandial sampling point compared with baseline for serum creatinine, total calcium, cholesterol, sodium or potassium concentrations.

Conclusions and relevance

Short-term postprandial serum concentrations of BUN, phosphorus, bicarbonate and chloride differed at multiple time points within a 12 h period compared with the fasted state at baseline, with most values remaining within the reference intervals. Veterinarians should be aware of these alterations, though they are unlikely to be mistaken for pathological disease states in healthy adult cats.
Asian and Latino American Political Conceptualization: A Dual-Concept Model
Authors: Zheng Bang Quan
Published: October 2022

A central challenge for citizens is to understand how their political system works. The classic “Levels of Conceptualization” measure proposed in The American Voter provided an answer for White Americans in the 1950s, but has limited relevance today for citizens of non-European ancestry. Expanding on the work of Campbell et al., this paper develops a measure of Political Conceptualization that combines views about parties and candidates with views on personal identity and ethnic fairness. The measure is based on open-ended responses in a survey of Asian Americans and Latinos. Results show how, across these quite different domains of politics, citizens vary in their Political Conceptualizations from narrow and concrete to broad and abstract. Results highlight the challenge for political organizers in building coalitions among citizens who vary in their understanding of how politics works.
Decolonizing Faculty Governance at Hispanic Serving Institutions
Authors: Villarreal Sosa Leticia , Garcia Gina A. , Bucher Jacob
Published: October 2022

While there has been an emphasis within the Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) literature on decentralizing university governance to allow for antiracist decision-making, there has been less focus on the lack of inclusive representation within faculty governance, particularly for historically excluded groups. Guided by testimonio as methodology and examples from our lived experiences within one small Catholic HSI, we offered five tenets of a decolonized faculty governance structure that democratizes faculty participation in decision-making at HSIs.
Managing Spiritual Care Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Muehlhausen Beth L. , Desjardins Cate Michelle , Chappelle Christa , Schwartzman Gabrielle , Tata-Mbeng Beba , Fitchett George
Published: October 2022

This qualitative study reports how 20 spiritual care leaders provided leadership in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The patterns and themes that emerged centered around the changing world of chaplaincy, the administrative role of the leader, and the personal story of the leader. Spiritual care leaders demonstrated creativity with the potential to shape chaplaincy in positive ways, expanding the reach of spiritual care.
Midterm Durability and Structural Valve Degeneration of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Federal Facility
Authors: Yang Rachel , Grober Aaron F. , Riojas Ramon , Ponna Vimala , Shunk Kendrick A. , Zimmet Jeffrey M. , Gustafson Joshua , Ge Liang , Tseng Elaine E.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), previously reserved for patients of intermediate to prohibitive surgical risk, has now been expanded to patients of any surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis. Bioprostheses are prone to structural valve degeneration (SVD), a progressive and multifactorial process that limits valve durability. As the population undergoing TAVR shifts toward a lower-risk and younger profile, long-term durability is a crucial determinant for patient outcomes. Our objective was to determine the incidence and risk factors of SVD at midterm follow-up in a veteran TAVR population.

Methods:

Patients undergoing TAVR at our federal facility were retrospectively evaluated for SVD and other endpoints with standardized consensus criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for mortality and SVD.

Results:

From 2013 to 2020, 344 patients (median age, 78 years) underwent TAVR. Survival from all-cause mortality was 91.3% at 1 year, 75.1% at 3 years, and 61.7% at 5 years. Cumulative freedom from SVD was 98.2% at 1 year, 96.5% at 3 years, and 93.7% at 5 years. All 13 patients with SVD met hemodynamic criteria, and 1 required intervention. Median time to hemodynamic SVD was 1.04 years. Independent risk factors for SVD included age (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 to 0.99) and valve size (HR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.89).

Conclusions:

SVD was evident at a low but detectable rate at 5-year follow-up. Further understanding of TAVR biomechanics as well as continued longer-term follow-up will be essential for informing patient-specific risk of SVD.
Garmultin-A Incites Apoptosis in CB3 Cells Through miR-17-5p by Attenuating Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
Authors: Qiu Jianfei , Chen Li , Yang Jue , Varier Krishnapriya M. , Gajendran Babu , Yao Yao , Liu Wuling , Song Jingrui , Rao Qing , Long Qun , Yuan Chunmao , Hao Xiaojiang , Li Yanmei
Published: October 2022

Background

Leukemia accounts for a large number of deaths, worldwide, every year. Treating this ailment is always a challenging job. Recently, oncogenic miRNA leading to apoptosis are highly promising targets of many natural products. In this study, Garmultin-A (GA), isolated from the bark of Garcinia multiflora, was elucidated for its anti-leukemic effect in CB3 cells.

Methods

The effect of the compound on CB3 cell viability was detected by MTT assay and apoptosis by FITC Annexin V/PI and Hochest 33258 staining. The western blot analysis assessed the BAX, BCL2, cMYC, pERK, and PARP-1 protein levels. Autodock analysis predicted the ligand–protein interactions. q-RT-PCR quantified the miR-17-5p expression. Luciferase assay confirmed the interaction between PARP-1 and miR-17-5p.

Results

We uncover that GA leads to apoptosis by inducing overexpression of miR-17-5p and significantly downregulate PARP-1 protein levels in CB3 cells. The overexpression of miR-17-5p promotes apoptosis, and the miR-17-5p antagomirs restore GA-triggered apoptosis. Notably, we disclose that PARP-1 is a direct target of miR-17-5p. Increased pro-apoptotic and reduced anti-apoptosis protein levels were also observed in GA-treated CB3 cells.

Conclusion

These results provide critical insights that GA could induce apoptosis in CB3 cells through targeting miR-17-5p by attenuating PARP-1. Thus, GA could act as a novel therapeutic agent for erythroleukemia.