bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Multiple Stages in Single Bin Active Tile Self-Assembly
Authors: Cirlos Sonya C. , Gomez Timothy , Grizzell Elise , Rodriguez Andrew , Schweller Robert , Wylie Tim
Published: December 2023

Two significant and often competing goals within the field of self-assembly are minimizing tile types and minimizing human-mediated experimental operations. The introduction of the Staged Assembly and Single Staged Assembly models, while successful in the former aim, necessitate an increase in mixing operations later. In this paper, we investigate building optimal lines as a standard benchmark shape and building primitive.We show that a restricted version of the 1D Staged Assembly Model can be simulated by the 1D Freezing Tile Automata model with the added benefits of the complete automation of stages and completion in a single bin while maintaining bin parallelism and a competitive number of states for lines, patterned lines, and context-free grammars.
Diagnostic performance of serum CA-125 for overall and complicated acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Montero Javier Arredondo , Pérez-Riveros Blanca Paola , Asfura Oscar Emilio Bueso
Published: December 2023

Background
This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic performance of serum CA-125 in acute appendicitis (AA).
Methods
This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023450988). We included prospective or retrospective original clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of serum CA-125 in AA. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID. Search terms and keywords were: (appendicitis OR appendectomy) AND (CA-125 OR CA125). Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted relevant data. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS2 index. A synthesis of the results, standardization of the metrics, and three random-effect meta-analyses were performed.
Results
Five studies with data from 533 participants (including 219 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AA and 107 controls) were included in this review. The random-effect meta-analysis of serum CA-125 (AA vs controls) included 5 articles (125 AA and 70 controls) and resulted in a non-significant mean difference [95% CI] of -6.80 [-20.51,6.92] U/mL (p = 0.33). The meta-analysis by subgroups that included only male patients resulted in a significant mean difference [95% CI] of 3.48 [0.46,6.49] U/mL (p = 0.02)
Conclusions
Although serum CA-125 does not appear to be a good overall marker for the diagnosis of AA, our subgroup analyses show that this marker could be useful for diagnosing AA in males. It also appears to be a potentially useful tool for discriminating complicated and uncomplicated AA. However, the limited number of included studies precludes drawing generalizable conclusions. Future prospective studies focused on males are required to confirm these findings.
Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023450988).
KubeDeceive Unveiling Deceptive Approaches to Protect Kubernetes Clusters
Authors: Aly Abdelrahman , Fayez Mahmoud , Al-Qutt Mirvat , Hamad ahmed
Published: December 2023

The widespread adoption of containerization platforms such as Kubernetes has revolutionized application deployment and management but also introduced complex security challenges. Deception-based strategies reinforce security by misleading attackers with deceptive resources. This paper proposes deception techniques for Kubernetes, developing a novel security framework, KubeDeceive. KubeDeceive functions as a router, intercepting requests to the Kubernetes API server and redirecting malicious users to decoy components. Its efficacy was tested in a Capture the Flag (CTF) competition, simulating real-world attacks. The competition involved static and dynamic deception methods, including randomized secrets and real-time countermeasures against participants' attempts. KubeDeceive was highly effective, achieving a 100% success rate in preventing any participant from creating a master node pod, and trapping 89% of participants in deception decoys. Moreover, participants spent an average of 160 minutes in their failed attempts in dynamic scenarios, which demonstrates KubeDeceive's roust impact in prolonging attacker engagement and completely thwarting their objectives.
Mesh-based topology, shape and sizing optimization of ribbed plates
Authors: Amir Oded , Majdouba Ahmad Abdulrahman Ahmad
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present a new parameterization and optimization procedure for minimizing the weight of ribbed plates.The primary goal is to reduce embodied CO2 in concrete floors as part of the effort to diminish the carbon footprint of the construction industry. A coupled plate-beam finite element model and its computational mesh enable simultaneous topology, shape and sizing optimization of ribbed plate systems.Using analytical sensitivity analysis and gradient-based optimization, we achieve significant weight reductions in the range of 24\%-57\%, in comparison to reference designs with regular ribbing patterns. The results strengthen the argument in favor of ribbed plates as a structural system that can serve the environmental goals of the construction industry.While our focus is on ribbed concrete plates in buildings, the proposed mesh-based design parameterization is applicable in the general case of optimizing stiffened shells - with potential contributions also to automotive and aerospace applications.
Metagenomics reveals diversity and predation of DNA viruses in activated sludge and anaerobic digester
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yu , Liu Wen-Tso
Published: December 2023

Background
Prevalent viral particles are found in activated sludge (AS) and anaerobic digester (AD) during wastewater treatment processes. In contrast to the conventional approaches, culture-independent metagenomic method opens up the possibility to characterize uncultured viruses, which were previously inaccessible. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of viruses in AS, mesophilic AD, and thermophilic AD using metagenomic sequences. We constructed the viromes, predicted the potential host, and profiled the functional genes in the viral genome.
Results
From a total of 64 samples, 42,548 viruses were detected. Among them, 43.6% were classified to Uncultivated Viral Genomes (UViGs) by the IMG/VR database and 28.5% were clustered into viral clusters (VCs) using vConTACT2. In total, only 18.2% of the viruses were taxonomically assigned to known viral families, with Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, Inoviridae, and Podoviridae being the most commonly observed. Most of the detected viruses were associated with engineered ecosystem, and more viruses in AS were associated with environmental ecosystem than in mesophilic and thermophilic AD. Diversity analysis suggested that the local habitat has a greater impact on the AD viromes than the immigration effect. Host prediction revealed that viruses in AD were mostly linked to site-specific active populations involved in syntrophic fatty acid oxidation, methanogenesis, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Functional gene annotation revealed that the viral gene profile follows the microbial gene profile, suggesting that viruses in AD not only tend to infect site-specific active hosts but also acquire functional genes transferred from the hosts.
Conclusions
Overall, this study provided insights of the viral diversity in the wastewater treatment process and uncovered the potential viral involvement in AD.
Dual H 2 O 2 /GSH-Sensitive MnO 2 -Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoreactor Fabrication with Saikosaponin-d Loading for Hypoxia Alleviation Enhancing Thyroid Carcinoma Chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Menghan , Mai Zhongchao , Ye Ying , Song Yanan , Zhang Miao , Yang Xinlin , Zhao Bin , Xia Wei
Published: December 2023

The O2-dependent chemotherapy usually exhibits limited therapeutic efficiency toward hypoxic solid tumors because of inadequate O2 supply in tumor vasculature. Hence, an O2-elevated nanoplatform for delivering chemotherapeutics and eradicating malignant tumors needs to be urgently developed. In this study, MnO2 nanoenzyme was coated on GSH-sensitive mesoporous silica. Subsequently, an intelligent nanoreactor was constructed after saikosaponin-d (SSD) loading in the mesopore channels and folic acid anchoring on the rough surface. After precise targeting of thyroid tumor cells, the obtained nanoreactor induced the decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 to relieve hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In the meantime, the tetrasulfide bonds of silica were broken by cytoplasmic GSH to release the loaded therapeutic molecules. Consequently, a remarkably enhanced chemotherapeutic effect of SSD was achieved both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism underlying the tumor cell–killing effect was demonstrated to involve massive O2 generation, which facilitated the interruption of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The outstanding biocompatibility of the H2O2/GSH dual-sensitive Mn-based nanoreactor offered an exceptional chemotherapeutic effect against malignant tumors.
Convolutional neural network for subharmonics detection in Hardware-In-the-Loop
Authors: Yushkova Marina , Zambreno Joseph , Sanchez Alberto , de Castro Angel
Published: December 2023

Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) has become a popular technique for testing real-time complex systems.One of its possible applications is power converter modeling in order to test digital controllers.When a switching converter model is used, the output of the controller can be read incorrectly by the model due to the lack of synchronization of their clocks.Therefore, undesirable oscillations (subharmonics) can appear in the output due to the aliasing effects, which prevent the HIL model from its normal functionality.While there are various solutions present in academic and industrial research in order to address this arising problem, there is no automatic algorithm to detect it when a reference model is not available. In this paper, we implement a one-dimensional convolutional neural network which allows detecting the aliasing distortions.The 1D network was chosen due to the kind of the signal to be classified - an inductor current of the converter model, which is in effect a 1D time sequence.The proposed CNN architecture is shallow and consists of 27 layers only.Despite its simplicity, it shows remarkable performance of more than 99% for both validation and testing datasets, and for the post-training characteristics.Moreover, it makes the architecture potentially implementable in embedded systems, like a real-time HIL system, what can be a good objective for future research.
The Origin of Global Environmental Vulnerability
Authors: Hossain Md. Faruque
Published: December 2023

Border among nations is the primary barrier to the adaptation process of mother nature. It causes huge population density in a limited area which drives huge consumption of natural resources to meet the daily basic needs of the dense population. Subsequently, it enforces to building of a dense conventional development to lead a modern life, resulting in, the formation of huge environmental pollution, global health crisis, and climate change perplexity. Hence, the effects of the dense population due to the borders among the nations have been investigated by implementing the Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) gravity model which suggested that the dense population accounts for severe CO2 emissions and global health crises throughout the world. Naturally, the quantification of border effects on population distribution in relation to CO2 emissions due to the conventional development worldwide has since been carried out, and the results suggested that it is contributing to huge emissions of CO2 which accounts for severe climate change crisis. Simply, this research finding suggested that restrictive bordering among the nations throughout the world increase dense exposure of the people in a limited area which plays a vital role in deliberations of CO2 emission, global health problems, and climate change crisis which is a clear danger for the for the planet earth to survive it near future.
Thresholds of accelerated basal melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in climate projections
Authors: Song Pengyang , Scholz Patrick , Knorr Gregor , Sidorenko Dmitry , Timmermann Ralph , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: December 2023

Basal melting of Antarctic Ice Shelves is thought to be a key process in the future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and large-scale ocean circulation. Observations show that most ice shelves in West Antarctica are melting rapidly, while for the two largest ice shelves, the Filchner--Ronne and Ross Ice Shelf (FRIS and RIS), melt rates are still relatively low, implying the potential threat of accelerated mass loss in the future. By prescribing freshwater forcing projected by ice sheet models, previous studies emphasize the essential and complex role of ice-shelf meltwater for future climates, including an abyssal ocean overturning slowdown, sea ice expansion and global warming reduction. However as yet, only very few model approaches have taken an explicit simulation of ice-shelf cavities into account. Here we implement Antarctic ice-shelf cavities into a complex state-of-the-art multi-scale Earth system model to investigate the responses and feedbacks of ice-shelf basal melting in climate projections. We find that a combination of regional hydrography and topography dominantly determines the existence of a tipping point. At this point warm water intrudes the FRIS-cavity intensely, which causes a rapid increase in the melting rate and freshwater release in response to increasing CO2 levels already within this century. In contrast, a more gradual response is simulated for the RIS. However, despite a possible FRIS instability, our results suggest that previous ice sheet modelling and freshwater experiments have overestimated future ice shelf melt. Hence, comprehensive model approaches, including both interactive ice sheets and their cavities, represent an urgent need for an enhanced assessment of the combined effects in climate projections.
Study on spatial spillover effect of haze pollution based on a network perspective
Authors: Hu Yuanhao , Liu Zuhan , Fang Zihai
Published: December 2023

In recent years, with the increase of pollution control and ecological environmental protection, the quality of the ecological environment in China has continued to improve, but the problem of haze pollution with PM2.5 characteristics should not be underestimated. Daily PM2.5 data of 11 prefecture- level cities in Jiangxi Province from January 1 to December 31, 2022 were selected, and the spatial spillover effects of haze pollution from a network perspective. Main findings are as follows: (1) The spatial correlation network of haze pollution for the 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province is constructed using the Granger causality test. (2) the network characteristics are get by utilizing social network analysis. Partial result Nanchang emerges as the most significant media city in this network. (3) The network can divided into four distinct sectors, namely a sector representing net benefits, a sector indicating net overflow, a bilateral overflow sector and broker sector. These four sectors have distinct geographical distributional characteristics. (4) The spatial correlation network of haze pollution in the 11 prefecture-level cities was found to be correlated with the level of urbanization difference by QAP regression analysis, but the single urban population proportions did not pass the significance level test of 10%. Based on the analysis above, this paper considers that it is an important strategy for the Jiangxi Province haze control to establish a regional collaborative prevention and control mechanism, implement the differentiated regional governance strategy, and achieve the high-quality development of the whole province.
NMR studies of complex formation between natural cyclodextrins and benzene
Authors: Szczupaj Gabriela Kaja , Wójcik Jacek , Ejchart Andrzej , Nowakowski Michał Eligiusz
Published: December 2023

Inclusion complexes of benzene (Bz) with cyclodextrins (CD) have been investigated so far using non-NMR techniques resulting in conflicting data. Here, the first application of NMR spectroscopy in combination with rigorous statistical analysis of the results has allowed us to determine accurately the stoichiometry of complexes and their association constants. Titration measurements have been performed by 1H NMR spectroscopy in D2O at a magnetic field B0 of 14.1 T. αCD and γCD host molecules form weak 1 : 1 complexes with Bz. In contrast, Bz and βCD build 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 complexes coexisting in solution with large binding constants. Binding of second benzene molecule is strongly cooperative.
Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) using Intelligent Methods based on Lysimetric Measurements with different soils and grass species
Authors: Ahmadifar Vahdat , Delirhasannia Reza , Sadraddini Ali Ashraf , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh
Published: December 2023

Four intelligent methods of Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), and Random Forests (RF) were employed and run to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). Based on the four categories of radiation, mass transmission, temperature, and combination models, weather variables are used in four groups as inputs of the intelligent models. To involve all data in the training and testing process of the models, the K-fold cross-validation technique was employed. Finally, evaluation of the presented intelligent models was performed with measured data of the six sets of lysimetric data (two grass species × three soil textures), also the effect of soil texture and species on intelligent models was investigated. The results obtained indicate that the RF models performed the best among the four groups, which is followed by SVM, MARS, and GEP models, respectively. The best performance belonged to the RF model from the Combination group (RF1) with the values of coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.833; mean bias error, MBE = -0.007 mm/day; mean absolute error, MAE = 1.07 mm/day; root mean square error, RMSE = 1.357 mm/day, and scatter index, SI = 0.184. Based on the ranks of accuracy, the order of the models, from the best to the worst, were: RF2, MARS1, SVM1, RF3, MARS2, GEP1, SVM2, GEP2, RF4, SVM3, MARS3, SVM4, GEP3, GEP4, and MARS4, respectively. The estimated ET0 values by the models indicated higher accuracy for the lysimeters with Sandy Loam Soil compared to other lysimeters. The performance comparison of the intelligent models for the planted grass species in lysimeters yielded different results, as the accuracy was higher for the Festuca grass in Sandy Loam soils compared to the Lolium grass, in contrary in clay and Silt Loam soils the performance of Lolium grass was better.
The role of local indigenous institutions in enhancing social capital for adoption of agricultural innovations: A special emphasis in Ethiopia
Authors: Lakew Molla Tadesse
Published: December 2023

Researchers tried to find out the socioeconomic and supply-side constraint factors to adoption. However, they overlooked the role of social networks and relationships among the community. Therefore, the aims of this review were to review the roles and negative effects of social capital. Based on its contents, relevancy, and time duration, only 129 (82 journals, 29 books, and 18 paper reports) were selected. It concludes that social capital has an indispensable role in facilitating cooperation and connection between members of the farmers' community, informal and experiential knowledge sharing, and access to research-based knowledge and contributes to reducing the transaction cost of adoption. On the contrary, inside the black box of social capital, the negative effects include the exclusion of outsider’s knowledge and experiences, excessive claims on group members, and restrictions on individual freedom.
Exploration of the intricacies of low light-induced changes in cigar tobacco leaf anticlinal growth: A holistic approach from anatomical and hormonal levels to gene expression
Authors: Ma Xinghua , Yang Jinpeng , Ren Xiaochun , Chen Keling , Yang Chunlei , Gao Huajun , Khan Rayyan
Published: December 2023

Cigar tobacco stands as a pivotal economic crop, with its leaf growth and development profoundly influenced by light intensity. It specifically aims to investigate how leaf morphology and anticlinal growth respond to varying light intensities, including normal light intensity (NL–300 µmol m− 2 s− 1) and lower light intensity (LL–100 µmol m− 2 s− 1). The research elucidates significant morphological shifts in cigar tobacco leaves under LL, revealing notable alterations in leaf area, leaf length, and leaf width. Early reductions in leaf dimensions, ranging from 30–48%, were succeeded by a substantial enhancement in expansion rates from day 9 to day 26, contributing to expanded leaf surfaces at later stages. Upper epidermis thickness declined by 29 − 19%, with a notably slower expansion rate in the initial 20 days. Palisade cell length consistently decreased by 52 − 17%, corresponding with upper epidermis trends. Spongy tissue thickness was reduced by 31 − 12%, with a slower expansion rate in LL for the initial 14 days, and leaf thickness dropped by 34 − 11%. LL resulted in slower leaf anticlinal expansion, leading to reduced leaf thickness (LT). LL significantly influenced phytohormones in cigar tobacco leaves. Gibberellic acid (41–16%) and auxin (20–35%) levels were found in higher amounts, while cytokinin levels (19–5%) were lowered compared to NL, indicating the intricate regulatory role of light in hormonal dynamics. The observed increase in LT and different cell layers at specific time points (day 8, day 12, day 24, and day 28) under LL, although lower than NL, may be attributed to elevated expression of genes related to cell expansion, including GRF1, XTH, and SAUR19 at those time points. This comprehensive understanding elucidates the intricate mechanisms by which light intensity orchestrates the multifaceted processes governing leaf anatomy and anticlinal expansion in cigar tobacco plants.
Instrumental study of radiation doses and working conditions for personnel of X-ray surgical teams
Authors: Kaidanovsky G. N. , Shleenkova E. N. , Bazhin S. Yu. , Ilyin V. A. , Tarita V. A. , Firsanov V. B.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study was an experimental assessment of the conditions for the formation and values of equivalent doses of irradiation of the lenses of the eyes, as well as the effective doses of irradiation of personnel in X-ray operating rooms of a cardiological profile. Particular attention to the control of eye lens irradiation is due to the need to harmonize domestic regulatory documents with the new IAEA safety standard GSR Part 3. The study was performed using a complex phantom, including an anthropomorphic phantom of a human head and a water phantom imitating the torso of an X-ray surgical team member. The results of assessments of individual eye lens irradiation doses, obtained both on the basis of integrated measurements by thermoluminescent dosimetry methods, and by calculation based on measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate at the personnel workplaces, showed that at the maximum operating parameters of the X-ray tube (high voltage and a large number of frames per second), annual doses to the lenses of the eyes, even for assisting personnel, may exceed the new recommended dose limit of 20 mSv. The assessment of the ratio between the doses of irradiation of the whole body (chest), neck and lenses of the eyes showed the possibility of estimating the doses of irradiation of the lenses of the eyes of the assisting personnel of X-ray surgical teams using a thermoluminescent dosimeter placed over a protective apron in the neck area. For the category of personnel under consideration, the priority is to control the irradiation of the lenses of the eyes, and not the whole body.
Standardization of indoor radon measurements based on rational criterion for conformity assessment
Authors: Tsapalov A. A. , Kiselev S. M. , Kovler K. L. , Miklyaev P. S. , Petrova T. B. , Zhukovsky M. V. , Yarmoshenko I. V. , Marennyy A. M. , Tutelyan O. E. , Kuvshinnikov S. I.
Published: December 2023

Significant temporal variations in radon are observed in any buildings, including unoccupied buildings with limited ventilation. This fact causes serious difficulties in radiation monitoring to assess the compliance of premises with the requirements of the normative, which limits the annual average level of radon in buildings. Therefore, neither at the national nor at the international level has yet been solved the problem of standardizing the indoor radon measurement if the test duration is less than a year. An analysis of approaches to radon measurement, including an assessment of the effectiveness of regulation, shows very significant differences between practices established in different countries. For example, in Russia, rapid (no more than 20 min) measurements are mainly used and mitigation measures to protect existing buildings from radon are practically not carried out. In European countries, mainly long-term (at least two months) measurements are used, while mitigation measures are still relatively rare, with the exception of the UK and Sweden. In the USA, short-term (2–7 days) measurements are widely used, which are not only carried out, but also paid for by residents themselves, including mitigation measures. However, despite the established approaches to indoor radon monitoring in Russia and the USA, there is a persistent distrust among specialists in the results of shortterm and, especially, rapid measurements. In this regard, a compromise approach is proposed to standardize radon measurements based on a rational criterion by applying fundamental ISO/IEC concepts such as “measurement uncertainty” and “conformity assessment”. The rational criterion for conformity assessment allows using measurements of different durations, providing a given reliability when making a decision. It also proposes a rationale for optimizing indoor radon monitoring through the participation of not only professional inspectors, but also the population itself due to the possibility of introducing simple methods and inexpensive radon devices within the rational criterion.
O direito ao desenvolvimento: Perspectivas para a efetiva universalização dos direitos humanos
Authors: De Oliveira Bruno Bastos , Costa Silva Mireni de Oliveira
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo objetiva discutir o direito ao desenvolvimento como uma perspectiva para a efetiva universalização dos direitos humanos. Para tanto, se faz necessário a análise do direito ao desenvolvimento e dos direitos humanos, vistos sob a ótica da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da legislação internacional. Tal abordagem justifica-se pelo fato de que tanto o direito ao desenvolvimento quanto os direitos humanos são indissociáveis, inalienáveis e, portanto, fundamentais para uma vida digna e saudável. A temática é abordada a partir do método dedutivo de investigação científica e teórica, conjugado com a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em obras que versam sobre o tema. Conclui-se que somente com a efetiva garantia do direito ao desenvolvimento, como uma perspectiva para a universalização dos direitos humanos, é que poderá ocorrer a instituição das condições mínimas vitais para o alcance da dignidade humana.
Identidade de Gênero no Cárcere: Alocação e tratamento penitenciário destinado às mulheres transgênero no conjunto penal de Juazeiro-BA
Authors: Alves Jaiza Sammara de Araújo , Silva Lucicleide Leni do Nascimento
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo tem como escopo analisar as experiências de aprisionamento de mulheres transgênero custodiadas no Conjunto Penal de Juazeiro-BA, buscando identificar a presença e as expressões da marginalização e discriminação decorrentes da invisibilidade dessas pessoas no contexto social e legal, bem como seus reflexos nas violações a que estão expostas nas prisões, relativamente ao tratamento institucional e à relação com os demais detentos e agentes prisionais. Para tanto, o estudo adotou a metodologia descritiva, com desempenho qualitativo no universo da instituição carcerária supramencionada, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, forma pela qual buscará realizar a coleta de dados. Ressalte-se que a pesquisa de campo foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Ademais, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de produções já existentes, além de outros textos legais e jurisprudenciais que versam sobre a matéria. Ao fim, foi possível concluir que ainda que existam diversas normativas nacionais e internacionais pautadas na inclusão e no respeito às diferenças, o Conjunto Penal de Juazeiro-BA ainda reproduz uma dinâmica normalizadora que reafirma a heteronormatividade compulsória, diante de um sistema carcerário marcado pelo binarismo de gênero, cuja arquitetura não foi projetada para atender às demandas das mulheres trans detidas, o que culmina muitas vezes em uma maior penalização desse grupo quando comparado aos detentos em geral. Como resultado, foi observado que as mulheres trans no Conjunto Penal de Juazeiro-BA são discriminadas pelo seu gênero, ainda que o estabelecimento prisional programe ações afirmativas em prol desse grupo de detentas.
Dissemination of Faith in The Early Muslim Community in The Mecca Period: An Analysis of The Process And its Impact on Islamic Faith Education
Authors: Abdurrohim Abdurrohim , Adiyono Adiyono , Harun Makmur
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the historical chronicles of Prophet Muhammad SAW and their significance in integrating faith values into Islamic education. The focus of this research is on the historical process that occurred during the period of Mecca, where the foundation of the Islamic faith was laid. This study aims to explore the dissemination process of the Islamic faith during the early Muslim community in Mecca, its significance in integrating faith values in Islamic education, and its implications for the renewal of the curriculum and teaching methods of the Islamic faith in the present time.  This study uses the prophetical-transformative theory proposed by Kuntowijoyo, which emphasizes the integration of modern science with the prophetic ideals of Islam.  The article concludes that the historical chronicles during the time of the Prophet Muhammad saw. are crucial for understanding the foundation of the Islamic faith and its integration into Islamic education. The paradigmatic core values in Islamic faith education emphasize the importance of core values, which should be the basis for religious education. These core values reflect profound principles in Islam and should be an integral part of efforts to reform the Islamic faith learning curriculum. This article recommends the rediscovery of the historical facts of the dissemination of the Islamic faith during the early Muslim community in Mecca as a basis for the renewal of the curriculum and teaching methods of the Islamic faith in the present time.
Pros and Cons of Separation between Maqāṣid and Uṣūl al-Fiqh (A Study of The Periodization of Maqāṣid History and Responses to Its Independence)
Authors: Khoir Tholkhatul
Published: December 2023

Interests related to human needs always invite the possibility of the birth of new knowledge. However, if it differs from previous beliefs and ideologies, the findings from the embryonic new knowledge research should be addressed. Currently, the maqāṣid has become the most popular research theme in the field of Islamic legal theory and eclipsed uṣūl al-fiqh was facing such challenges. This article explores the evidence for the pros and cons of the separation between maqāṣid and uṣūl al-fiqh, explains the causes, and predicts the implications. Data was obtained from secondary sources in the form of maqāṣid and uṣūl al-fiqh works, both in the form of books, book reviews, journal articles, and dissertations, obtained from the web and libraries, and then analyzed using content analysis. This paper finds that there are indeed pros and cons of separating maqāṣid and uṣūl al-fiqh. The evidence is: first, there are differences in periodizing the development of maqāṣid; and second, there are differences in responses to efforts to make maqāṣid an independent knowledge. The pros and cons are triggered by differences of opinion regarding the theory of ratiocination, the method of istiqrā', and accusations of utilitarianism. These pros and cons can have implications: positive, because in turn, the Islamic law reform project can be handled more comprehensively, or negative, if the scholars get caught up and struggle with the debate until they forget to respond to real contemporary issues.
Türk Müzik Kültüründe Simbiyotik Bir İlişki: Davul ve Zurna
Authors: Kaptan Merve Nur
Published: December 2023

Biyolojide simbiyotik ilişki, canlı organizmaların birlikte ya da etkileşim halinde, birbirlerinin eksikliklerini gidererek ve birbirlerinden yarar sağlayarak yaşamlarını sürdürmesi şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bu ilişkiyi canlılar arasında kurabildiğimiz gibi cansız varlıklar arasında da kurmak mümkündür. Bu manada Türk toplumunda önemi haiz olan davul ve zurna çalgıları arasındaki ilişki cansız varlıklar arasında yer alan simbiyotik ilişkiye örnek teşkil etmektedir. Davul ve zurna çalgıları tarihsel olarak Orta Asya Türk devletlerinde, Selçuklularda, Osmanlı Devleti’nde ve özellikle günümüzde muhtelif faaliyetlerde ayrılmaz bir bütün olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma davul ve zurna çalgıları arasındaki simbiyotik ilişkiyi ortaya koymaya odaklanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede konu ile ilgili belgeler incelenmiş, elde edilen verilerin betimsel analizi yapılmış ve yorumlanmıştır.
Global Analysis of Modern Economic Sanctions
Authors: Sokolova E. N. , Yakushev I. L.
Published: December 2023

Economic sanctions are an integral part of the foreign policy repertoire of States. Increasingly, States and international organizations are resorting to sanctions to address a variety of issues - from fighting corruption to preventing the use of nuclear weapons. Over time, the ways in which economic sanctions have been used have changed, especially over the past two decades. In the late 1990s, the recognition of the humanitarian harm of economic sanctions and the “War on Terrorism” after the events of September 11, 2001 led to serious changes in the structure and mechanisms of their application. Questions about how these coercive tools work, when they are applied, what consequences they have and when they are successful are still being determined by research conducted in the second half of the 20th century. The conclusions drawn from past cases of sanctions may not be fully applicable to the current sanctions policy. In the second half of the 20th century, most cases of sanctions were related to the United States, and it covered restrictions on international trade. However, over the past two decades, the European Union, the United Nations and China have also been the main initiators of sanctions. Modern sanctions include targeted and financial restrictions and are applied against individuals, organizations and companies. Changing the senders, targets, stakeholders and economic instruments used in the sanctions policy has serious implications for effectiveness and results. The regulatory and bureaucratic infrastructure necessary to implement and comply with modern economic sanctions has become more reliable. This evolution of sanctions has provided the scientific community with an opportunity to study new issues of coercion and return to the old ones. The economic sanctions research program should be developed to be relevant for understanding the application of modern sanctions and their consequences.
Forecasting the Costs of Adapting Social Infrastructure to Changing Geocryological Conditions (the Case of Norilsk)
Authors: Badina S. V.
Published: December 2023

Climate change and increased anthropogenic impact lead to the melting of permafrost and, consequently, destruction and deformation of buildings and structures built on it. This causes significant additional financial costs associated with the need to use specific technologies for the construction and operation of buildings in the permafrost zone, as well as direct and indirect damage from the loss of fixed assets. According to forecasts of geocryological changes, in the Russian Arctic these negative trends should intensify in the future. In this study, using the case of the Norilsk city (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia), some problems associated with estimating the costs of adapting healthcare and educational facilities built on permafrost to changes in engineering and geocryological conditions until the middle of the 21st century are analyzed. The analysis showed that the amount of probable costs for the group of objects under consideration associated with direct damage from deformation and destruction of buildings, as well as the need for their liquidation and replacement construction, significantly exceeds the financial resources allocated for this in the relevant strategic documents planning of Norilsk. An effective mechanism for redistributing damage over time and reducing it is the installation of the soil thermal stabilization systems. The paper briefly analyzes the geography of production and consumption of this type of product. The results obtained can be used to develop similar assessments and adaptation programs in cities in the permafrost zone of Russia.
Prerequisites and Prospects for the Reform of Local Self-Government in Russia
Authors: Voroshilov N. V.
Published: December 2023

In October 2023, 20 years were celebrated since the adoption of Federal Law No. 131-FZ dated 06.10.2003 “On the General principles of the Organization of local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”; in January 2022, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted a new draft law on local self-government in the first reading, but for now its further consideration has been postponed. The purpose of this article is to identify the prerequisites and directions for further reform of local self-government. The article identifies trends and problems in the development of local self-government and municipalities in the 2000s and 2020s, including: reduction and liquidation of urban and rural settlements as a result of their unification and transformation of municipal districts into urban and municipal districts; preservation of low financial and economic independence of municipalities, as well as a high level of intraregional socio-economic differentiation on the against the background of the concentration of population and production in urban agglomerations and the persistence of systemic problems in the development of rural areas. Based on questionnaire surveys of heads of municipalities and residents of the Vologda Oblast, their attitude to the new reform of local self-government was revealed. In the final part of the article, a conceptual vision of the prospects for the development of local self-government in Russia is outlined.
Dye Degradation - Basics and Necessity
Authors: Kandhasamy Kiruthiga , Daniel Sheeba , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian
Published: December 2023

Without colour, life is incomplete. Dye refers to the compounds that give
goods their colour. Even though natural dyes have been used for generations, their
limitations have led to the development of synthetic dyes. By addressing the history
and significance of natural dyes, the limitations of natural dyes, the introduction of
synthetic dyes, the negative effects of synthetic dyes, and an overview of several
techniques used for the treatment of disposed dyes in the environment, this chapter
serves as a foundation for the discussion of the entire upcoming book. The goal of this
chapter is to provide a brief overview of the need for and the concept of dye
degradation.
Toxicity Analysis of Dyes
Authors: Girija Arumugam , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian
Published: December 2023

In the textile sector, synthetic dyes are crucial. However, dyes pose a serious
threat to all organisms because of their toxicity. Environmental concerns have grown
over the non-selective and excessive usage of these dyestuffs. These colours have the
potential to be harmful in terms of behaviour, biology, chemistry, physicality, and
radiation. The toxicity of the dyes can be classified as acute (short-term effect) or
chronic (long-term damage). In order to establish criteria for the regulation of dyes
when they come into contact with humans and other living things, toxicity analyses of
dyes are therefore required. In a toxicology study, the reaction of an organism to a
specific dye at different concentrations is compared to the reaction of the same
organisms not exposed to the dye. The toxic effects of an experimental substance are
revealed by toxicity testing on numerous biological systems. The producers utilize this
evaluation to determine the dye's toxicity and whether it has carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic effects.
Utility of Nanotechnology in Dye Degradation
Authors: Bhaskar Seemesh , Ramamurthy Sai Sathish
Published: December 2023

Plasmonic nanoparticles and low-dimensional graphene-based derivatives
are increasingly used for decolourization and degradation of harmful organic
pollutants. However, the utility of their hybrid compositions synthesized via low-cost
routes is rarely discussed. Our research examines the efficiency of surfactant-free
nanomaterials and their composites with graphene oxide towards the degradation of
four important textile and laser dyes, namely: Rhodamine B (RB), Methylene blue
(MB), Sulforhodamine 101 hydrate (SR) and Fluorescein (FS). The surfactant-free
metal-graphene oxide nanocomposites are engineered in two different techniques: (i)
laser ablation mediated synthesis (LAMS) and (ii) multifunctional soret nano-assemblies (MSNAs). On account of the hybridized plasmonic effects from the large
charge density oscillations in plasmonic nanoparticles and π-plasmons of graphene
oxide, intriguing results are obtained and discussed in this chapter. The synergistic
interplay and electron relay between the π-plasmons of graphene oxide and that of
organic dyes (π-π stacking), in the vicinity of the plasmonic nanocomposites,
significantly enhances the performance of the engineered nanomaterials toward dye
degradation. The dye-degradation of xenobiotic pollutants demonstrated here opens a
new door for the development of a broad spectrum of low-cost surfactant-free
nanocomposites for environmental remediation. This study presents a futuristic insight
to explore the synergy of low-dimensional and plasmonic nanomaterials constituting
elements from different parts of the periodic table to accomplish dye degradation and
related applications.
Treatment of Textile Dye Effluent by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Sethuraman Venkatesan , Aravindh Karupannan , Ramasamy Perumalsamy , Maria Arputham Ashwin Bosco Christin , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian
Published: December 2023

This chapter discusses the electrochemical aqueous solution-based
breakdown of synthetic textile colours. Several dyeing and finishing industries produce
a significant amount of dye wastewater. For the treatment of effluent water, the
electrochemical technique is being studied. The discharge of textile wastewater
likewise rises as there are more textile industries. So, in recent years, the
electrochemical degradation of industrial effluents has gained popularity. Conductivity,
pH, process detention times, total suspended solids (TSS), heavy metals, emulsified
oils, bacteria, and other pollutants from water are operating factors in electrochemical
treatment. Utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), reactive synthetic textile dyes'
electrochemical behaviour has been reviewed. Studies on chemical oxygen demand
(COD), UV-Vis, and CV are chosen to assess the effectiveness of degradation. There
are numerous additional businesses that require electrochemical technologies for
purifying effluent water. Metal recovery, tanneries, electroplating, dairies, textile
processing, oil and oil in water emulsion, and other businesses are among them.
Z-scheme: A Photocatalysis for the Remediation of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Kumar Pandey Suresh , Tiwary Dhanesh
Published: December 2023

Modern artificial heterostructures control redox reactions at the catalyst's
active sites by effectively separating charges and transporting excitons with the help of
light sources. Regarding environmental remediation, the Z-scheme—particularly in the
degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants—plays a crucial role.
Appropriately designed photocatalysts with Z-scheme have several benefits over
conventional photocatalytic processes, including improved charge separation and
effective redox process management in response to visible light. It provides the way for
the creation of newer and more effective photocatalysts because it is said to make
reduction and oxidation processes easier than with the constituent single precursor. In
contrast to other heterostructure schemes like the Type-I and Type-II schemes,
heterostructures with the Z-scheme mechanism attracted a lot of attention.
Recent Techniques in Dye Degradation: A Biological Approach
Authors: Revathi Nagaraj , Dhaveethu Raja Jeyaraj , Rajesh Jegathalaprathaban , Sankarganesh Murugesan
Published: December 2023

Synthetic dyes are organic compounds that are mostly employed in the
manufacturing industry. A huge number of dyes are unbound and released into the
environment during the dying process. The discharge of dye/effluent with a high
biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) into the
environment has several negative consequences for the area's flora and fauna. They are
poisonous and mutagenic, and have other significant negative impacts on a variety of
creatures, including unicellular and multicellular organisms. Besides the costly
Physico-chemical treatment methods, biological approaches involving bacteria, fungi,
algae, plants, and their enzymes have got a lot of attention in recent years for the
decolorization and degradation of dyes contained in effluents due to their economic
effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Microbial degradation appears to be the
most promising of these technologies for resource recovery and sustainability.
Microorganism and plant-derived enzymes' ability to decolorize and break down dyes
has long been known, and they are shown to be the most effective molecular weapon
for bioremediation. Several sophisticated approaches are currently being investigated
for the effective decolorization of textile dyes as well as eco-toxic effluent, including
genetic engineering, nanotechnology, mobilized cells or enzymes, biofilms, and
microbial fuel cells, among others. These biological methods for decolorization and
degradation of textile effluent are very successful and have various advantages over
traditional procedures. Biological methods for removing toxic textile dyes are both
environmentally friendly and cost-effective.