bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reforço e Delimitação Contextual para Reconhecimento de Entidades e Relações em Documentos Oficiais
Authors: Belém Fabiano Muniz , Ganem Marcelo , França Celso , Carvalho Marcos , Laender Alberto H. F. , Gonçalves Marcos André
Published: September 2022

Arquiteturas neurais baseadas em transformers tornaram-se o principal componente de vários métodos do estado-da-arte em tarefas de processamento de linguagem natural, tais como Reconhecimento de Entidades Nomeadas e Extração de Relações (REN+ER). Como essas arquiteturas baseiam-se em aspectos semânticos de sequências de palavras, elas podem não funcionar na identificação e delimitação de entidades nomeadas quando há pouco contexto semântico associado, tais como entidades compostas por dígitos e pontuações apenas (e.g., números de CPF) e entidades com nomes compostos. Neste artigo, são propostas novas técnicas de reforço contextual e delimitação de entidades baseadas em pré- e pós-processamento de dados para enriquecer o contexto semântico, melhorando assim um método do estado-da-arte para REN+RE, o SpERT (Span-Based Entity and Relation Transformer). Tais técnicas foram avaliadas usando dados reais de diários oficiais e de processos judiciais. Os resultados mostram que, quando aplicadas em conjunto, as estratégias de pré- e pós-processamento levam a ganhos significativos na efetividade de REN+ER.
SeAct: Semantic Adaptive Segmentation of Sensor Data Streams for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Venceslau Amanda D. P. , Vidal Vânia M. P. , Andrade Rossana M. C. , Maia José Gilvan R. , F. da Silva José Wellington
Published: September 2022

Pervasive computing delivers services based on user needs through smart environments that incorporate and integrate everyday objects discreet and non-intrusive. Personal applications provide the data collected by sensors for Human Activity Recognition. The main limitation is that these activities need to be continuously segmented for HAR. Furthermore, a growing problem is related to the disambiguation of activities since some actions generated by the same sensors belong to different activities. This paper proposes a hybrid method, SeAct, which dynamically adjusts segment size, combining machine learning and semantic inference. Experiments with CAD-120 data sets and a state-of-the-art hybrid method improve recognition accuracy and precision.
Autonomic Combination and Selection of Tuning Actions
Authors: Oliveira Rafael Pereira de , Baião Fernanda , Machado Javam , Almeida Ana Carolina , Lifschitz Sérgio
Published: September 2022

Combining database tuning actions has neither a precise formulation nor a formal approach to solving it. It is a complex and relevant problem in database research, both for the DBA manual solutions and automatic ones using specialized software. This work proposes an automated method for generating and selecting combined tuning solutions for relational databases. It addresses how to mix solutions while still preserving both technological constraints and available computational resources. The results show that our technique can produce more efficient combined solutions than independent local solutions.
Adoção de SGBDs NoSQL em Empresas Brasileiras: um Levantamento Preliminar
Authors: Atmatzides Nicolas , Bedo Marcos , de Oliveira Daniel
Published: September 2022

Nos últimos anos foi observado um aumento na popularidade de Sistemas de Gerência de Banco de Dados (SGBD) NoSQL. Esses SGBDs comumente oferecem flexibilidade na representação dos dados e escalabilidade horizontal facilitada. Apesar de ser de conhecimento comum que grandes empresas internacionais adotam essas soluções, não é claro o cenário de adoção de SGBDs NoSQL em empresas brasileiras, em especial as de pequeno/médio porte. Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado de um levantamento realizado com empresas brasileiras sobre a adoção de SGBDs NoSQL em suas atividades.
A Study of Database Models for Social Network Analysis
Authors: Salgueiro Mariana D. A. , Lifschitz Sérgio , Haeusler Edward Hermann , dos Santos Verônica , Heine Alexandre A. P.
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses conceptual and logical data models for social media datasets and applications. On the one hand, we focus on the data representation requirements from the available APIs of some social network systems. On the other hand, we consider those application requirements for information manipulation. We propose a conceptual meta-model and one possible instantiation. We also give preliminary practical results considering relational and graph database systems.
Localização de Faltas em Linhas de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Utilizando as Redes Neurais Recorrentes LSTM e GRU
Authors: Karvat Patrick E. M. , Almeida Eduardo C. , Ensina Leandro A. , Oliveira Luiz E. S. , Santos Signie L. F. , Bernardino Leandro S.
Published: September 2022

As linhas de transmissão demandam de atenção especial dos mecanismos de proteção do sistema elétrico de potência, visto que a ocorrência de faltas pode acarretar na indisponibilidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica. Frente a isso, o presente trabalho apresenta um método baseado em redes neurais recorrentes (LSTM e GRU) para a localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão, utilizando dados de dois ciclos pós-falta dos sinais de corrente e tensão para um único terminal. Os resultados demonstram a efetividade do método proposto, com melhor desempenho para a LSTM, com erro médio de 0,1168 km +/- 0,5193 km, equivalente a 0,0282% +/- 0,1254% da extensão da linha.
Busc@NIMA: um Sistema de Recuperação de Informações com Semântica de Meio Ambiente
Authors: Rêgo André L. C. , Guimarães Daniel S. , Villas Marcos V. , Lifschitz Sérgio
Published: September 2022

O sistema Busc@NIMA permite identificar competências existentes, na área de meio ambiente, em laboratórios e departamentos coordenados por professores e pesquisadores da PUC-Rio. Neste trabalho descrevemos como se dá a obtenção dos dados com base nos CV Lattes e a conversão para o formato RDF usando ontologias de domínio e transformações pela linguagem XSLT. Utilizamos tanto um SGBD Relacional como dois Sistemas NoSQL. As consultas são expressas na linguagem SparQL com suporte, de forma nativa, de indexação de texto livre. O resultado de qualquer pesquisa no Busc@NIMA é uma lista de nomes de professores ou pesquisadores, suas produções científicas e atividades de ensino, contemplando apenas informações relativas com o tema de meio ambiente. A solução aqui apresentada pode ser estendida e customizada para outros temas específicos e outras universidades. Ilustramos o funcionamento do sistema em produção com um estudo de caso de buscas selecionadas.
Big Spatial Data Integration and Enrichment with Provenance Control
Authors: Pintor Paulo , Moreira José , Costa Rogério Luís de Carvalho
Published: September 2022

In the last few years, an increasing number of devices generated vast amounts of data, commonly called Big Data. This phenomenon brought many opportunities - and challenges - in terms of knowledge discovery, as distributed and heterogeneous data may be combined and used to create high-quality models of events and phenomena. Although, the data integration and the transformations over it bring questions about integrity, quality and veracity. Our investigation aims to create a generic model to integrate the data allowing the data enrichment while maintaining provenance information.
Encontrando Regras de Associação sem Especificar Suporte Mínimo e Confiança Mínima
Authors: Cunha Filho Oto Antonio Lopes , Rocha-Junior João Batista
Published: September 2022

The extraction of information and knowledge in databases has been assuming a relevant role in aiding decision making. One of the main areas of research is association rule mining. This area makes possible to capture the relationships among the attributes present in a database. Most algorithms used to extract association rules use support and confidence as parameters. Support represents the proportion of a given rule in the database and confidence represents the validity of this rule. Thus, professionals responsible for data analysis need to identify and define support and confidence thresholds (minimum support and minimum confidence, respectively) to obtain association rules. However, in certain contexts, it is difficult to identify good values for support and confidence in order to obtain the desired rules. In these situations, it may be necessary to run several queries with different values of support and confidence until the desired rules are obtained. The purpose of this research is to examine association rules mining techniques and algorithms capable of obtaining association rules without the need of specifying support and confidence, to propose new algorithms and analyze these algorithms in terms of performance and quality of the rules obtained.
Towards a Definition for Extreme Weather Events in Rio de Janeiro City
Authors: Ferro Mariza , Bezerra Eduardo , Ogasawara Eduardo , Moraes Nilton , Porto Fabio
Published: September 2022

Extreme weather events is a new area of research that has recently attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. In this paper, we investigate the phenomena from a data-driven forecast standpoint for severe rainfall occurring in the city of Rio de Janeiro. We aim at a formal definition for the phenomena that can clarify its concept and help drive the research. Our initial result is a characterization of the problem inspired by a reformulation of a numerical model based forecast framework.
Integrating Machine Learning Model Ensembles to the SAVIME Database System
Authors: Silva Anderson , Valduriez Patrick , Porto Fabio
Published: September 2022

The integration of machine learning algorithms into database systems has brought new opportunities in different areas from indexing to query optimization. In this paper, we describe the integration of an approach for the automatic computation of model ensembles to answer a predictive query. We have extended the SAVIME multi-dimensional array DBMS by adding a new function to its query language and implementing the selection and allocation ensemble model dataflow into the query processing component of SAVIME. We show some initial experimental results depicting its performance against a pure Python implementation of the ensemble approach. Interestingly enough the C++ implementation within SAVIME is up to 4 times faster than its competitor.
Berufsausbildungsförderung für Geflüchtete: Perspektiven nach dem Koalitionsvertrag
Authors: Löhr Tillmann
Published: September 2022

Der Beitrag analysiert, welche gesetzlichen Änderungen im Flüchtlings-, Aufenthalts- und migrationsspezifischen Sozialrecht aufgrund des Koalitionsvertrages der Bundesregierung von 2021 beim Zugang zu Arbeitsmarkt, Sprachförderung und Berufsausbildungsförderung zu erwarten sind.
Das Recht auf Bildung in Zeiten der Pandemie (Teil 2): Der Bundesnotbremse-II-Beschluss des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
Authors: Reimer Franz
Published: September 2022

Das vom Bundesverfassungsgericht statuierte Recht auf schulische Bildung ist weder bedeutungslos, noch stellt es umgekehrt das deutsche Schulverfassungsrecht auf neue Füße. Vielmehr setzt es Bund und Ländern äußerste (justiziable) Grenzen – und beinhaltet zugleich einen wichtigen Perspektivwechsel.
Zur Verfassungsmäßigkeit der Eigenleistungen von Ersatz-Förderschulen im Förderschwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung nach nordrhein-westfälischem Schulrecht
Authors: Cremer Wolfram
Published: September 2022

Art. 7 Abs. 4 GG gewährleistet zunächst das Recht zur Errichtung privater Ersatzschulen. Darüberhinausgehend wird in diesem Beitrag begründet, dass Art. 7 Abs. 4 GG einen verfassungskräftigen, subjektivrechtlichen Anspruch auf Finanzierung für genehmigungsfähige Ersatzschulen verbürgt. Dessen landesverfassungsrechtliches Pendant findet sich in Art. 8 Abs.4 LV NRW. Daran anschließend wird im Hinblick auf Förderersatzschulen GE untersucht (und letztlich negiert), ob das nordrhein-westfälische Privatschulfinanzierungsrecht mit den Vorgaben des Grundgesetzes und der Landesverfassung vereinbar ist.
Beschäftigungsorientiert beraten und vermitteln
Authors: Göckler Rainer , Rübner Matthias , Kohn Karl-Heinz P. , Jäger Ursula , Franck Michael
Published: September 2022

Modernes Handeln in der Beschäftigungsförderung

Mitarbeiter in Arbeitsagenturen, Jobcentern, bei Bildungs- und Beschäftigungsträgern erfahren hier:

Wie funktionieren Arbeitsmärkte?

Wie eignet man sich das nötige berufs- und bildungskundliche Wissen an?

Was ist rechtlich und strategisch bei der Vermittlungsarbeit zu beachten?

Welche Instrumente zur Arbeits- und Ausbildungsvermittlung stehen zur Verfügung und wie sind diese einzusetzen?

Welche Grundhaltungen und Basiskenntnisse benötigt man für eine erfolgreiche soziale und berufliche Beratung im Feld der Beschäftigungsförderung?

Was versteht man unter dem beschäftigungsorientierten Fallmanagement und wie wird es umgesetzt?

Die neue Arbeitshilfe für alle, die professionell befasst sind mit der Beratung und Vermittlung von Jugendlichen, (langzeit-)arbeitslosen Menschen und Berufsrückkehrern.
Digitale (R)Evolution in Sozialen Unternehmen
Authors: Pölzl Alois , Wächter Bettina
Published: September 2022

Digitale Transformation erfolgreich gestalten

Gehören Sie auch zu jenen vielen Tätigen im Sozialbereich und fragen sich, was denn an der Digitalisierung dran ist? Was Agilität, Internet of things, Verplattformung oder Big Data mit Sozialer Arbeit zu tun hat? Hier helfen Pölzl und Wächter mit ihrem Praxis-Kompass weiter. Sie geben einen Einblick in die umfangreiche digitale Welt und deren Anknüpfungspunkte an Soziale Unternehmen.

Digitalisierung kann nur verstanden und erfolgreich in die Organisation integriert werden, wenn alle Organisationsbereiche in die Change Prozesse eingebunden werden und eine übergreifende, breit mitgetragene Strategie entwickelt werden kann – so die Überzeugung des Autorenteams.

Betrachtet werden deshalb nicht nur die technischen Aspekte von Digitalisierung auf dem Hintergrund der klassischen Betriebswirtschaft; thematisiert werden auch Fragen der Personalentwicklung, der Arbeitnehmerperspektive und der Fachdiskurs zu diesem Thema in der Beratungs- bzw. Betreuungsarbeit:

Was ist Digitalisierung und welche Bedeutung hat sie für Soziale Unternehmen?

Welche Aufgaben kommen im Zuge der Digitalisierung auf Soziale Unternehmen zu?

Welche Auswirkungen hat Digitalisierung auf den Arbeitsalltag von Beraterinnen und Beratern und auf das Management von Sozialen Unternehmen?

In welchen digitalen Lebenswelten werden Klientinnen und Klienten, Kundinnen und Kunden in Zukunft leben und welche Teilhabe wird ihnen möglich sein?

Wie kann die Soziale Arbeit auf diese Entwicklungen fachlich angemessen reagieren?

Wie kann Digitalisierung von Sozialen Unternehmen aktiv gestaltet werden?

Das neue Fachbuch Digitale (R)Evolution in Sozialen Unternehmen ist ein ebenso unterhaltsamer wie lehrreicher Ritt durch die Welt und die Begrifflichkeiten der Digitalisierung – stets bezogen auf Soziale Unternehmen!
Datenschutz in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe
Authors: Hundt Marion
Published: September 2022

Rechtssicher handeln in der täglichen Praxis

Der Umgang mit persönlichen und privaten Daten in der sozialpädagogischen Arbeit ist oftmals mit rechtlichen Fragestellungen und Unsicherheiten verbunden, insbesondere bei der Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Berufszweigen, z.B. Polizei, Justiz, Ausländerbehörden, Schulen, Ärzten.

Welche Informationen dürfen oder müssen sogar mit Behörden, Trägern und anderen Institutionen ausgetauscht werden?

Wie ist mit der sozialpädagogischen Schweigepflicht umzugehen?

Welche Voraussetzungen sind an die Einwilligung zur Datenweitergabe geknüpft?

Die Kenntnis und das Verständnis der rechtlichen Situation stellen daher unabdingbare Voraussetzungen für die erfolgreiche sozialpädagogische Arbeit dar. Wappnen Sie sich für Ihren beruflichen und Alltag und informieren Sie sich.

Datenschutzrechtliche Grundlagen und Neuerungen durch die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung

Besonderheiten der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe

Sozialverwaltungsrechtliche Fragen (z. B. Akteneinsicht, Auskünfte

Einwilligung und Schweigepflicht (mit erweitertem Personenkreis, wie z. B. freie Träger)

Kinderschutz als Netzwerkarbeit

Öffentliche Jugendhilfe und freie Träger

Jugendhilfe und Justiz (z. B. Anzeige-, Auskunfts- und Zeugnispflichten, Aussagegenehmigung)

Datenübermittlung im Migrationsrecht (Übermittlungspflichten, missbräuchliche Vaterschaftsanerkennung)
Nachhaltige Kita-Sozialräume - gemeinschaftlich entwickeln
Authors: Schneider Armin , Gottschalk Alexandra , Swat Marina
Published: September 2022

Konzeptionsmöglichkeiten einer Sozialraumentwicklung rund um die Kita

In nahezu allen Bildungsplänen, -programmen und -empfehlungen der Bundesländer ist von einer Sozialraum- bzw. Lebensweltorientierung die Rede. Immer mehr Bundesländer vergeben zur Finanzierung Sozialraumbudgets.

Für das Praxishandbuch Nachhaltige Kita-Sozialräume – gemeinschaftlich entwickeln haben sich über 20 Fachleute aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Praxis zusammengefunden, um das Thema sowie Konzeptionsmöglichkeiten eines sozialen Raums rund um die Kita vorzustellen. Sie geben Arbeitshilfen und Tipps zur Umsetzung an die Hand.

Perspektiven auf den Sozialraum

Hintergrundwissen zur Sozialraumorientierung

Impulse für die Praxis

Vorstellung von in der Praxis bewährter Methoden

Arbeitshilfen und Tipps zur Umsetzung

Elisabeth Bahner, Anna Battke, Sylke Bilz, Sabrina Bläser, Jaqueline Brossart, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Deinet, Dr. Thomas Drößler, Alexandra Gottschalk, Heike Gumz, Prof. Dr. Steffen Kröhnert, Dolf Mehring, Dr. Daniela Menzel, Prof. Dr. Michael Noack, Ruth Vera Pelzer, Martina Pokoj, Anika Reifenhäuser, Xenia Roth, Dr. Andy Schieler, Lara Schindler, Prof. Dr. Armin Schneider, Dr. Marina Swat, Michael Tobaben, Sissi Westrich, Andreas Winheller
Cold Water Exposure for Maritime Workers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Walsh Emily , Carnahan Heather
Published: September 2022

For many of those working in maritime industries, it is very common to be exposed to harsh environments, such as cold water, on a regular basis. We conducted a scoping review on peer reviewed, published papers to summarize the literature on the topic cold water exposure and non-freezing cold water injuries in the maritime industries. First, industry experts were consulted, then a PICO model was created to define the search terms for the review. The initial search produced 690 abstract. Of these abstracts, 14 were considered to be relevant to the review. The scoping review findings illustrated the lack of research that currently exists in relation to cold water exposure in the maritime industries. Within the available, albeit limited, literature, evidence suggests that there are several cold-water injuries that occur in the maritime industries. These include occupational dermatosis, Raynaud’s phenomena, finger blanching, and hand numbness. Performance decrements were also reported. The current gaps include a lack of documentation of minor and non-fatal injuries, the amount of exposure, and training protocols. There is a need to improve cold-water training regulations for those working in the maritime industries and for proper injury documentation, both of which can significantly benefit safety.
The Evaluation of the Macrophyte Species in the Accumulation of Selected Elements from the Varkenslaagte Drainage Line in the West Wits, Johannesburg South Africa
Authors: Salome Mthombeni Tinyiko
Published: September 2022

Although mining has over the centuries improved the livelihoods and economies of many countries, the results have not spared the environment’s luxurious legacy. Acid mine drainage contaminated sites with heavy metals that affect negatively and positively the macrophytes plants that grow on those sites. Accumulated elements by macrophytes planted on artificial wetlands portray the relative bioconcentration and translocation factors. Various elements were measured in the sediment, water, and macrophytes from the sampled sites and the results indicate that concentrations accumulated by plants play a significant role in biological and chemical processes in soil-water-plant relations. When comparing the drinking water quality standards by international organizations that were used as a guideline for the comparisons of elements concentration levels of elements found in water, Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), and Copper (Cu) were found to be above the international water quality standards for drinking water and their average concentrations were 2230, 282, 5950, and 14,080 μg/l respectively. The sequence of elements accumulation by the macrophytes differed per plant and each of the three macrophytes plants was a hyperaccumulator of a certain element.
Biopolymers
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: September 2022

Significant progress has been made on biopolymers in recent years. Biopolymers are preferred to other materials because they have specific physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical, and degradation properties. Many natural or synthetic biopolymers can degrade hydrolytically or enzymatically and are used for many applications.
The Challenge of Migration in Swedish Eldercare: Experiences of Everyday Racism
Authors: Lill Linda
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, I discuss the significant challenges that migration constitutes in the eldercare work. The chapter emphasises work experiences, expressions of racism in eldercare services and how staff members deal with racism. The purpose has been to get eldercare personnel to reflect on the concrete actions they handle in their work and the results from interviews with eight women working in eldercare. Essed’s theory of everyday racism provides the framework for analysing their stories. The results show how eldercare staff deals with discrimination and vulnerability in the workplace. Staff members also describe their encounters with people who humiliate them and continue working under challenging conditions. Their statements demonstrate aspects of the struggle in working life to maintain both the profession’s status and value as a human being. With this knowledge in place, workplaces in eldercare services can actively determine work methods that promote an antiracist working life and equality in the workplace.
SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Mechanism, Features, and Future Perspective
Authors: Alinejad Tahereh , Zareh Danial , Hao Zuo , Zhou Tengfei , Chen Cheng-shui
Published: September 2022

Over two years, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved by producing several variants by RNA polymerase mutation. This mutation created many virus variants that five of them are designated by WHO. These are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, among them Alpha, Delta, and Omicron spread faster. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped in positive-sense RNA viruses and contain huge RNA virus genomes. RNA polymerase controls the replication in which the genomic material is copied, and it often makes errors that lead to create a new mutation. Most mutations create a virus that cannot replicate and spread among people. However, some mutations lead to a virus that can replicate and create a variant. This chapter will discuss the mechanism of the mutations during the last two years and the future of these mutations in SARS-CoV-2.
Unsupervised Deep Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Liu Zhe , Han Xian-Hua
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents the recent advanced deep unsupervised hyperspectral (HS) image super-resolution framework for automatically generating a high-resolution (HR) HS image from its low-resolution (LR) HS and high-resolution RGB observations without any external sample. We incorporate the deep learned priors of the underlying structure in the latent HR-HS image with the mathematical model for formulating the degradation procedures of the observed LR-HS and HR-RGB observations and introduce an unsupervised end-to-end deep prior learning network for robust HR-HS image recovery. Experiments on two benchmark datasets validated that the proposed method manifest very impressive performance, and is even better than most state-of-the-art supervised learning approaches.
SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance in Genomic Medicine Era
Authors: Cristina Diaconu Carmen , Madalina Pitica Ioana , Chivu-Economescu Mihaela , Georgiana Necula Laura , Botezatu Anca , Virginia Iancu Iulia , Iulia Neagu Ana , L. Radu Elena , Matei Lilia , Maria Ruta Simona , Bleotu Coralia
Published: September 2022

In the genomic medicine era, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 was immediately followed by viral genome sequencing and world-wide sequences sharing. Almost in real-time, based on these sequences, resources were developed and applied around the world, such as molecular diagnostic tests, informed public health decisions, and vaccines. Molecular SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance was a normal approach in this context yet, considering that the viral genome modification occurs commonly in viral replication process, the challenge is to identify the modifications that significantly affect virulence, transmissibility, reduced effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutics or failure of diagnostic tests. However, assessing the importance of the emergence of new mutations and linking them to epidemiological trend, is still a laborious process and faster phenotypic evaluation approaches, in conjunction with genomic data, are required in order to release timely and efficient control measures.
GEOMETRY OF RECENT RUPTURE ZONE AT СAPE RYTYI BASED ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (NORTHWESTERN COAST OF LAKE BAIKAL)
Authors: Lunina O. V. , Denisenko I. A. , Gladkov A. A.
Published: September 2022

In here, we present the results of the GPR study of the modern rupture zone discovered earlier in the periphery of the Rita River delta flowing into Lake Baikal. The research was aimed at subsurface imaging of dislocation geometry using the Logis-Geotech OKO-2 radar equipped with the ABDL Triton antenna. As a result, the characterizations have been obtained for six 73 to 197 m long profiles across the rupture zone. All disturbances visible on the aerial photography materials are highlighted on the radargrams by the oblique reflection event due to a decrease in the signal amplitude. The rupture zone has two large segments – northeastern and submeridional, – which differ in zone width, number of discontinuities, dip angles, and displacement amounts. The deformation features can be attributed to different amounts of a plastic loamy aggregate of coarse deposits in different parts of the Rita River delta that is indirectly confirmed by weaker signal amplitudes on the northeastern segment. Based on present and previous studies, we proposed that the M=5.2 earthquake occurred on August 13, 1962, in Lake Baikal initiated the gravitational sinking in the Rita river delta edge by subsidence along gently sloped rupture surfaces on one segment and along steeply sloped ones on the other. It is necessary to identify and monitor such phenomena to prevent the development of emergencies associated with the collapse of the coasts of large water reservoirs.
THE MARCH 25, 2020 MW=7.5 PARAMUSHIR EARTHQUAKE AND ITS IMPACT ON RECENT GEODYNAMICS OF THE ADJACENT SECTION OF THE KURIL-KAMCHATKA SUBDUCTION ZONE
Authors: Prytkov A. S. , Vasilenko N. F.
Published: September 2022

An intraplate tsunamigenic earthquake with МW=7.5 occurred on March 25, 2020 southeast of the Paramushir Island (Kuril Islands) beneath the outer slope of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Since 1900, this earthquake has been the largest event for an 800-km long oceanic slope and a 300-km long segment of the Kuril seismofocal zone located near the epicenter. Sub-horizontal compression stresses generated in the earthquake source region were oriented across the seismofocal zone. A type of motion is represented by reverse faulting along the both nodal planes.

The compressive stress state in which there occurred the Paramushir earthquake reflects the present-day geodynamics in the subduction zone near the hypocenter. The paper shows that the earthquake occurrence is due to a strong mechanical contact surface between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates in the subduction zone. The analysis of coseismic displacement of the nearest Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station served as confirmation of the determination of fault plane solution of the earthquake. A seismogenerating motion occurred along the plane oriented to the southwest and dipping towards the trench. For Finite fault source models, there were calculated the increments of the Coulomb stress in the subduction zone. For the main fault plane, the increment of the Coulomb stress in the interpolate contact area propagates to a depth of ~30 km and reaches 1 bar.

Coseismic stress increment in the subduction zone at the northern flank of the Kuril island arc, which has a high seismic potential at the present stage of the tectonic cycle, increases the likelihood of the largest interplate earthquake occurrence therein.
Co očekávají rodiče od školy a jak ji vybírají?
Authors: Dačevová Radmila , Němec Jiří
Published: September 2022

V současném mediálním světě jsme svědky diskusí odborné i laické veřejnosti o poslání současné školy, o významu učitelů, o aktuálnosti a smysluplnosti kurikula apod. Teoreticko-výzkumná studie analyzuje na záměrně vybraném souboru rodičů jejich očekávání ve vztahu k roli školy. Samotné téma je zasazeno do aktuálního mediálního diskurzu a vychází z analýzy dostupných a relevantních výzkumných šetření. Zkoumaným vzorkem bylo devět rodičů dětí předškolního a mladšího školního věku, se kterými byly vedeny rozhovory. Kvalitativní data byla získána polostrukturovanými rozhovory a analyzována prostřednictvím rámcové analýzy. Výsledky šetření jsou představeny prostřednictvím kvalitativních kategorií (rámců), mezi které můžeme zařadit: bezpečné prostředí školy, kde se děti cítí dobře; neformální vzdělávání reprezentované škálou volnočasových aktivit; kompetentnost učitele (charakterové vlastnosti, organizační schopnosti a didaktické dovednosti). Z hlediska strategie výběru školy silně rezonoval požadavek na dopravní dostupnost školy, kamarádské vztahy a doporučení známých. Dílčí výzkumné šetření je součástí rozsáhlejšího kvantitativního výzkumu, který hledá odpověď na otázku, jaká očekávání mají rodiče od současné školy a jaké strategie výběru převažují při jejich rozhodování.
O ILÍCITO DO ESTADO:
Authors: Sordi Bernardo
Published: September 2022

No presente trabalho, tentaremos entender o notável valor estratégico que a tese da impossibilidade (Nichtkönnen) para o Estado de cometer ilícitos possuía na obra do jurista austríaco Hans Kelsen. Tal tese, afirmada pela primeira vez em 1911 nos Hauptprobleme e depois explicada em detalhes no ensaio Über Staatsunrecht (“Sobre o ilícito do Estado”) de 1913-14, nasce ainda totalmente imersa na estática jurídica e é uma consequência logicamente necessária da unidade da vontade estatal (Staatswille), constituindo uma passagem argumentativa obrigatória para evitar uma grave antinomia interna do sistema e a ruptura da unidade entre Estado e ordenamento jurídico. A questão é, sobretudo, de estética conceitual e sua solução encontra-se na ideia de ilícito do órgão, que, não representando a totalidade do ordenamento jurídico, não incorre em nenhuma contradição lógica ao violar o direito: no órgão que viola o direito, cessa de agir o Estado. Abrem-se, assim, as portas também para a responsabilidade do Estado pelos danos causados por seus próprios órgãos sob a forma de responsabilidade civil por fato de outrem.
Formação de professores alfabetizadores: revisão sistemática da produção científica realizada no Brasil entre 2014 e 2018
Authors: Girardi Isabela Cristina Daeuble , Rausch Rita Buzzi
Published: September 2022

Esta pesquisa, resultado de uma dissertação, objetivou indicar tendências temáticas, teóricas e metodológicas da produção científica publicada entre 2014 e 2018 no Brasil sobre formação de professores alfabetizadores. De abordagem qualitativa, ela se caracteriza como bibliográfica, do tipo revisão sistemática. Os dados foram gerados no Catálogo da CAPES, envolvendo 58 dissertações e 13 teses analisadas a partir da análise de conteúdo. Indicaram-se como tendências temáticas: as políticas de formação continuada; formação continuada dentro da escola; o desenvolvimento profissional docente; e o currículo da formação inicial do pedagogo. Como tendências teóricas: a reflexão sobre a prática; a visão crítico-política da educação; os saberes necessários à docência; a formação do professor alfabetizador; e o professor como protagonista da sua própria formação. Como tendências metodológicas: processos recorrentes nas pesquisas em educação; a preocupação com o movimento cotidiano do professor alfabetizador na profissão e o protagonismo do professor nos processos de investigação. Destacaram-se como lacunas da produção científica aprofundar estudos sobre a formação inicial do alfabetizador, aspectos históricos da alfabetização e letramento e o desenvolvimento de pesquisas autobiográficas. Sentiu-se a ausência de pesquisas sobre o período de indução de professores iniciantes, sobre o professor pesquisador e o ciclo de vida profissional, além de pesquisas quantitativas e pesquisas do tipo pesquisa-ação, participativa e comunidades de práticas. Espera-se que esta investigação fortaleça o campo de estudos sobre formação de professores, principalmente sobre formação de professores alfabetizadores, e que este trabalho contribua com a qualificação de futuras pesquisas sobre o tema.
On bureaucratic waiting. A Simmelian approach to a liminal time
Authors: Artavia Fernando
Published: September 2022

Waiting is both a type of experience and a form of interaction. The contours assumed by the former are marked by the dynamics and features that characterize the latter. This essay addresses the waiting to which we are usually subjected when carrying out procedures in any of the instances and dependencies of the bureaucratic apparatus. Returning to the analytical contributions of Georg Simmel, a relational approach to this phenomenon is attempted, highlighting three of its basic dimensions: time, space, and interaction or reciprocal action. The essay finishes with some considerations regarding what waiting represents for modernity and, more generally, for human existence.
Electron beam chiral diffraction radiation in isosceles right triangle light-well
Authors: Liu Zhi-Xin , Dang Zhi-Bo , Fang Zhe-Yu ,   State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: September 2022

Electron beam diffraction radiation source has the advantages of small size, wavelength tunability, and polarization controllability, showing great potential applications in nanophotonic circuits. However, studies of optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation are relatively scarce. The optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation in isosceles right triangle light-well is realized and demonstrated in this work. The light-well consists of twelve alternating layers of gold and silicon dioxide, and the electron beam diffraction radiation originates from oscillating dipole sources within the light-well. In the case of the electron beam injected at the geometrically asymmetric position within the structure, the diffraction radiation signal with a maximum chirality of more than 40% can be obtained. By changing the injection position of the electron beam, the state of the optical chirality can be effectively controlled, and even the inversion of the chirality can be realized.

By analyzing the vacuum electromagnetic mode in the system and the dynamic evolution of charge distribution in the gold layer, a reasonable theoretical explanation is provided for the generation of the chiral optical effect. A semi-analytical model for explaining the optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation is given by solving the incident electromagnetic field and the waveguide modes in the light-well. The observed difference between left-handed circularly polarized and right-handed circularly polarized signals originates from the asymmetry between left-handed and right-handed electromagnetic modes in the light-well caused by the geometrically asymmetric positional excitation, which ultimately leads to far-field chiral radiation determined by the electromagnetic field within the light-well. In addition, the simulation results of the surface charge distribution of the top gold film of the light-well reveal the correlation between the dynamic evolution of the surface charge distribution and the radiation chirality.

The advantages of nanoscale focusing and moving of electron beam excitation source make the optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation have more flexible adjustment potential. The proposed physical mechanism and unique experimental platform not only provide new ideas for manipulating optical chirality on a nanoscale, but also lay the foundation for binary information processing and integration in nanophotonic circuits and chiral nano-light-sources in the future.
Theoretical and experimental research of femtosecond laser processing fused silica
Authors: Pan Peng-Hui , Ji Peng-Fei , Lin Gen , Dong Xi-Ming , Zhao Jin-Hui ,   Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Published: September 2022

The ablation threshold, depth and crater shape of fused silica for femtosecond laser processing are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on tracking the spatiotemporal distribution of the free electron density, free electron temperature, and laser intensity, the electron dynamics as well as the transient optical and thermophysical properties of femtosecond laser irradiated fused silica are quantitatively determined. The numerical model is validated by comparing the calculated threshold fluence, depth and crater shape of ablation with the experimentally measured ones at a wavelength of 800 nm. The free electron relaxation time at different laser fluences and pulse durations throughout the photoionization process and impact ionization process are probed. In the present work, the findings are as follows. 1) The electron relaxation time significantly affects the material optical properties and femtosecond laser energy absorption. The optical properties change dramatically. The fused silica becomes opaque for the case of laser irradiation with fluence higher than the ablation threshold. Moreover, the transition from electron-phonon collision to electron-ion collision accompanies with the femtosecond laser ablation of fused silica. 2) By using the proposed model, the experimentally observed saturation of ablation depth at high laser fluence is elucidated by the significant change of optical reflectivity and absorption coefficient. Both the results of theoretical simulation and experimental observation indicate that laser fluence has a strong influence on the shape of the ablation crater. The ablation volume increases sharply with the increase of laser fluence for femtosecond laser irradiation, compared with that for picosecond laser irradiation. 3) With the increase of femtosecond laser fluence, the ablation depth removal efficiency and ablation efficiency are both saturated, followed by slight decrements. The peak of ablation depth removal efficiency peak occurs at the femtosecond laser fluence close to 1.4 times of the ablation threshold. While the accuracy is slightly low due to the higher sensitivity of the ablation characteristics (ablation crater depth and ablation volume) to the shorter femtosecond laser pulse. For the femtosecond laser fluence higher than 3.5 times of the ablation threshold, good repeatability over a very wide fluence range can achieve accurate processing results, because a more consistent flat-bottom ablation profile tends to appear. However, the heat-affected zone leads the processing quality to degrade, compared with the scenario of femtosecond laser fluence close to the ablation threshold.
Numerical study of discharge characteristics of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharges by integrating machine learning
Authors: Ai Fei , Liu Zhi-Bing , Zhang Yuan-Tao ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
Published: September 2022

In recent years, with the development of gas discharge technology at atmospheric pressure, the application of low temperature plasma has received widespread attention in pollution prevention, disinfection, sterilization, energy conversion and other fields. Atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge is widely used to produce low temperature plasma in various applications, which is usually numerically investigated by using fluid models. The unique advantages of machine learning in various branches of physics have been discovered with the advancement of big data processing technology. Recent studies have shown that artificial neural networks with multiple hidden layers have a pivotal role in the simulation of complex datasets. In this work, a fully connected multilayer BP (back propagation) network together with a universal hidden layer structure is developed to explore the characteristics of one or more current pulses per half voltage cycle of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge. The calculated data are used as training sets, and the discharge characteristics such as current density, electron density, ion density, and electric field of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge can be quickly predicted by using artificial neural network program. The computational results show that for a given training set, the constructed machine learning program can describe the properties of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge with almost the same accuracy as the fluid model. Also, the computational efficiency of the machine learning is much higher than that of the fluid model. In addition, the use of machine learning programs can also greatly extend the calculation range of parameters. Limiting discharge parameter range is considered as a major challenge for numerical calculation. By substituting a relatively limited set of training data obtained from the fluid model into the machine learning, the discharge characteristics can be accurately predicted within a given range of discharge parameters, leading an almost infinite set of data to be generated, which is of great significance for studying the influence of discharge parameters on discharge evolution. The examples in this paper show that the combination of machine learning and fluid models can greatly improve the computational efficiency, which can enhance the understanding of discharge plasmas.
Large absorbance methane measurement based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Shaomin Li  , Liqun Sun  ,   Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique is modified and used for measuring methane with large absorbance. WMS has been frequently used for gas measurement and relies on the linear relationship between the second harmonic amplitude and the gas volume concentration however, the conventional WMS technique is only applicable for gases whose absorbance is much smaller than 1, which is because of the first-order approximation to Lambert-Beer's law in the derivation of the traditional WMS theory, but the first-order approximation holds only at low absorbance, hence the linear relationship between the second harmonic and the gas concentration does not hold at large absorbance. In the modified WMS in this paper, there is no need to make any approximation to Lambert-Beer's law. The measurement light is absorbed by the gas to be measured and then collected by the photodetector, and the reference light is directly detected by another photodetector without being absorbed, and the output signals of the two photodetectors are transmitted to the computer after analog-to-digital conversion. In this way, the demodulated second harmonic signal remains linear with the gas concentration even at large absorbance. In this paper, the traditional WMS theory and the modified WMS theory are introduced, and a series of methane with concentration gradients are measured separately to compare the experimental results of the traditional WMS and the modified WMS. It is confirmed that the linearity in the traditional WMS theory no longer holds under large absorbance, but the improved WMS can still guarantee the linear relationship between the second harmonic and the methane concentration, which verifies the advantages of the modified scheme. Finally, through Allen's standard deviation analysis, we obtained that the stability of this methane measurement system reaches the optimum at the average time of 103.6s, and the corresponding Allen's standard deviation is 26.62 ppbv.
Electron beam chiral diffraction radiation in an isosceles right triangle light-well
Authors: Liu Zhi-Xin  , Dang Zhi-Bo  , Fang Zhe-Yu  ,   School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: September 2022

Electron beam diffraction radiation sources have the advantages of small size, wavelength tunability, and polarization controllability, showing great application potential in nanophotonic circuits. However, studies on optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation are relatively scarce. The optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation in isosceles right triangle light-well is realized and demonstrated in this work. The light-well consists of twelve alternating layers of gold and silicon dioxide, and the electron beam diffraction radiation originates from oscillating dipole sources within the light-well. In the case of the electron beam injecting at the geometrically asymmetric position within the structure, the diffraction radiation signal with a maximum chirality of more than 40% can be obtained. By changing the injection position of the electron beam, the state of the optical chirality can be effectively controlled, and even the inversion of the chirality can be realized.
By analyzing the vacuum electromagnetic mode in the system and the dynamic evolution of charge distribution in the gold layer, a reasonable theoretical explanation is provided for the generation of the chiral optical effect. A semi-analytical model for explaining the optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation is given by solving the incident electromagnetic field and the waveguide modes in the light-well. The observed difference between left-handed circularly polarized and right-handed circularly polarized signals originates from the asymmetry between left-handed and right-handed electromagnetic modes in the light-well caused by the geometrically asymmetric positional excitation, which ultimately leads to far-field chiral radiation determined by the electromagnetic field within the light-well. In addition, the simulation results of the surface charge distribution of the top gold film of the light-well reveal the correlation between the dynamic evolution of the surface charge distribution and the radiation chirality.
The advantages of nanoscale focusing and moving of electron beam excitation source make the optical chirality of electron beam diffraction radiation have more flexible adjustment potential. The proposed physical mechanism and unique experimental platform not only provide new ideas for manipulating optical chirality at the nanoscale, but also lay the foundation for binary information processing and integration in nanophotonic circuits and chiral nano-light-sources in the future.