bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A low-cost alternating projection approach for a continuous formulation of convex and cardinality constrained optimization
Authors: Krejic Natasa , Krulikovski Evelin H M , Raydan Marcos
Published: April 2023

We consider convex constrained optimization problems that also include a cardinality constraint. In general, optimization problems with cardinality constraints are difficult mathematical programs which are usually solved by global techniques from discrete optimization. We assume that the region defined by the convex constraints can be written as the intersection of a finite collection of convex sets, such that it is easy and inexpensive to project onto each one of them (e.g., boxes, hyper-planes,or half-spaces). Taking advantage of a recently developed continuous reformulation that relaxes the cardinality constraint, we propose a specialized penalty gradient projection scheme combined with alternating projection ideas to solve these problems. To illustrate the combined computational scheme, we focus on the standard mean-variance portfolio optimization problem for which we can only investin a preestablished limited number of assets. For these portfolio problems with cardinality constraints we present a numerical study on a variety of data sets involving real-world capital market indicesfrom major stock markets. On those data sets we illustrate the practical performance of the proposed scheme to produce the effective frontiers for different values of the limited number of allowed assets.
AMS Subject Classification: 90C30, 65K05, 91G10, 91G15.
Experimental and mechanism study of Cf/SiC undergoing longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Wu Mingqiang , Song Chaosheng , Zhao Bo
Published: April 2023

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with carbon fiber reinforcement are widely used in the aircraft industry and other important defense industries due to their superior performance. To investigate the factors affecting the grinding force and surface quality of 2.5D needled Cf/SiC material, the motion equation of abrasive particles under longitudinaltorsional ultrasonic vibration was established using kinematic analysis, and the trajectory analysis of abrasive particles was carried out using MATLAB simulation. The grinding force, surface topography, and roughness of conventional grinding (CG) and longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (L-TUVAG) were analyzed and evaluated to explore the process mechanism of Cf/SiC material damage. An improved processing technique and parameters for processing were proposed. The findings show that the principal pathways for material removal during grinding are matrix breaks, interfacial debonding, fiber damage, and fractures. Grinding parameters have a significant influence on the quality of the processing surface. The surface topography steadily improves during the grinding process as the grinding wheel speed increases. However, the feed speed and grinding depth have a reverse impact. High-speed micro-grinding can significantly improve grinding efficiency and surface processing quality. L-TUVAG has a lower grinding force than CG by a factor of 16.16% to 35.82%, and the surface processing quality is correspondingly better. These discoveries enable the prediction of surface morphology and roughness characteristics of materials. And provide important technological support for improving the processing quality of CMCs.
Prediction of Histopathologic Grades of Myxofibrosarcoma with Radiomics based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yao Yubin , Zhao Yan , Lu Liejing , Zhao Yongqiang , Lin Xiaokun , Xia Jianfeng , Zheng Xufeng , Shen Yi , Cai Zonghuan , Li Yangkang , Yang Zehong , Lin Daiying
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To develop a radiomics-based model from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the histopathological grades of myxofibrosarcoma.
Methods: This retrospective study included 54 patients. The tumors were classified into high-grade and low-grade myxofibrosarcoma. The tumor size, signal intensity heterogeneity, margin, and surrounding tissue were evaluated on MRI. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms, 1037 radiomics features were obtained from fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (T2WI), and a radiomics signature was established. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, three models were built to predict the histopathologic grade of myxofibrosarcoma. A radiomics nomogram represents the integrative model. The three models' performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and calibration curves.
Results: The high-grade myxofibrosarcoma had greater depth (P = 0.027), more frequent heterogeneous signal intensity at T2WI (P = 0.015), and tail sign (P = 0.014) than the low-grade tumor. The area under curve (AUC) of these conventional MRI features models was 0.648, 0.656, and 0.668, respectively. Seven radiomic features were selected by LASSO to construct the radiomics signature model, with an AUC of 0.791. The AUC of the integrative model based on radiomics signature and conventional MRI features was 0.875. The integrative model's calibration curve and insignificant Hosmer-Lemeshow test statistic (P = 0.606) revealed good calibration.
Conclusion: An integrative model using radiomics signature and three conventional MRI features can preoperatively predict low- or high-grade myxofibrosarcoma.
Analysis of Traffic Risk Score on Basis of Human Behaviour
Authors: Reddy B. Dileep Kumar , Bai M. Bharathi , Jyothi Y. , Rohith S. , Jagadeesh E. , Jameer K. Roshan
Published: April 2023

The primary focus is on the nature of the outcomes, the degree of accidents, and the nature of the accident victims. Today's traffic has significantly grown. Also, there have been significant changes in how people behave and think about using the roads. In the context of these circumstances, a better strategy is needed to provide pavement that is both safe and dependable. So, we'll choose a few places in Pulivendula and Kadapa, and then we'll run a survey to determine the overall risk score there. By calculating the chance of an event occurring with the risk weight and using some common reference values, such as the risk factor and risk weight from IRC highway research volume III, we may determine the total risk score. Following the calculation of the total risk score, we will contrast the results with standards.
C-reactive protein kinetics as a predictive marker for long-term outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in upper gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Nose Yohei , Saito Takuro , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Momose Kota , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Wada Hisashi
Published: April 2023

Background
The treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is limited, and biomarkers that identify responders are urgently needed. We investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetics are associated with the treatment efficacy of ICIs and prognosis in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Methods
We analysed 76 gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy. Patients were classified as CRP-spike, CRP-flat, or CRP-increase according to CRP kinetics within 6 weeks after nivolumab initiation, and the treatment response and prognosis were compared. We further validated this classification in 71 oesophageal cancer patients with nivolumab monotherapy.
Results
In the gastric cancer cohort, the CRP-spike, CRP-flat, and CRP-increase subgroups included 9, 37, and 30 patients, respectively. The CRP-spike subgroup had higher disease control rates than the CRP-increase subgroup (p = 0.0068) and had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) (vs. CRP-flat: p = 0.045, CRP-increase: p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis for PFS identified CRP-spike (HR = 0.38, p = 0.029) as an independent favourable prognostic factor. In the oesophageal cancer cohort, the CRP-spike, CRP-flat, and CRP-increase subgroups included 13, 27, and 31 patients, respectively, and multivariate analysis for PFS also identified CRP-spike (HR = 0.28, p = 0.0044) as an independent favourable prognostic factor.
Conclusions
CRP kinetics may be useful in predicting the long-term outcome of nivolumab treatment in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Thickness of Melanocytes in Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus for Complete Surgical Excision: Clinicopathological Evaluation of 117 Lesions according to the Area and Size
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Lee Se Yeon , Kwak Yoonjin , Kim Byung Jun
Published: April 2023

Background Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are usually defined as nevi that exceed 20 cm in maximal diameter or 15% of the total body surface area. There have been reports of life-long malignant change risks arising from GCMN, leading to surgical excision of GCMN.Objective To evaluate the thickness of melanocytes according to the clinical factors of the patients to provide objective information for complete resection of the lesion.Methods Overall, 75 patients diagnosed with GCMN between 2000 and 2021 were included, and their clinical records were collected retrospectively. 117 pathologic slides obtained during excision were reviewed to measure nevus thickness. Clinical factors were assessed with a generalized estimated equation model for association with nevus thickness.Results The thickness of nevus was significantly associated with the location and size. Nevus thickness was more superficial in the distal extremity than in the head and trunk (P = 0.003 [head]; P < 0.001 [trunk]; P = 0.091 [Proximal extremity]). A nevus over 60 cm was deeper than 20–29.9 cm (P = 0.035). An interaction between size and location existed (P < 0.001).Conclusion GCMNs have deference in thickness according to location and size. Therefore, it is necessary to devise an approach optimized for each patient to treat GCMN.
Low accuracy bark gouging controls Ips typographus outbreaks while conserving non- target beetle diversity
Authors: Zarges Sebastian , Thorn Simon , Bußler Heinz , Siegler Harald , Wolf Josef , Hagge Jonas
Published: April 2023

Natural disturbances and subsequent outbreaks of forest insects led to unprecedented amounts of damaged timber. In Eurasia, the European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) breeding in Norway spruce (Picea abies) is creating the main share of infested trees in recent years. As alternative to salvage logging, different technics of mechanical and manual methods of bark removal for pest control are frequently applied in areas with conservation status or in protective forests that mitigate or prevent the impact of a natural hazard. To test the field applicability of bark removal technics, we compare economic costs between manual debarking and bark gouging and evaluate how pest control and non-target biodiversity are affected from bark gouging if the phloem is cut with decreasing accuracy mirroring practical application by forest enterprises. Based on data of an experimental design we show, that bark gouging is twice as fast as manual debarking. From complete debarked P. abies logs no I. typogrphus emerged (pest control efficiency of 100%) but diversity of other emerging beetle species is reduced near zero. If bark gouging is conducted with high accuracy (phloem sufficiently cut in more than half of stripes) pest control efficiency is 99.9% and for low accuracy (below 50%) pest control efficiency is still 95.7%. Non-target beetle diversity increases with reduced accuracy. Bark gouging combines sufficed pest control with biodiversity conservation at lower economic costs than manual debarking and can thus be recommended for protected areas and protective forests, in particular.
Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool: A Case Study of the Iran-West Conflict
Authors: Abdelbary Islam , ELshawa Rasha
Published: April 2023

The study focuses on the impact of economic sanctions on Iran’s economy, society, and regional influence, providing insights into the effectiveness of sanctions and their long-term implications. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis and content analysis of official speeches, press releases, and news. The sample period covered 50 observations for annual data from 1969 until 2018. The results of this study indicate that economic sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran’s economy, particularly on its oil exports, banking, and manufacturing sectors. The outcome presented a clear and concise picture of the impact of sanctions on Iran’s economic performance. The ARDL model suggests that sanctions significantly impact the macroeconomic instability of the Iranian economy, and the more severe the sanctions imposed on Iran, the more significant the negative impact on the country’s macroeconomic stability. The thematic analysis indicates that sanctions have limited Iran’s development of its nuclear program, but they have not stopped it completely. However, they have failed to reduce Iran’s ability to support militant groups or its regional influence. Furthermore, sanctions have affected the tone of official speeches by Iranian leaders towards the West, making them more cooperative when Iran faces economic hardship and internal unrest. The study recommends that policymakers should consider using multilateral sanctions besides applying diplomatic strategies to minimize the impact on civilians. Finally, policymakers should support moderate candidates in Iranian elections to encourage positive political changes.
Another evidence that activated caspase-3 is not an exclusive apoptotic marker: a comprehensive study of activated caspase-3 population of cells in rat spinal cord
Authors: Holota Radovan , Buľková Viktória , Matiašová Anna Alexovič , Košuth Ján , Slovinská Lucia , Tomori Zoltán , Daxnerová Zuzana , Ševc Juraj
Published: April 2023

Cell death is an essential process occurring during the development of the central nervous system. Despite the availability of wide range of commercially produced antibodies against various apoptotic markers, data regarding the apoptosis in intact spinal cord during postnatal development and adulthood are mostly missing. This study aimed to investigate the apoptosis in the rat spinal cord at different stages of ontogenesis (8, 29 and 90 postnatal days). For this purpose, we used immunofluorescent detection of two widely used apoptotic markers, activated caspase-3 (aC3) and cleaved PARP (cPARP). Surprisingly, we found significant discrepancy between the amounts of aC3+ cells and PARP+ cells, varying with ratio around 500:1–5,000:1 in the rat spinal cord in all postnatal time points. Majority of aC3+ cells were glial cells and did not exhibit apoptotic phenotype. In contrast with the results of in vivo study, in vitro analysis of primary cell culture derived from neonatal rat spinal cord, treated with apoptotic inductor staurosporine, revealed similar onset of occurrence of both markers in cells subjected to apoptosis. Gene expression analysis of spinal cord tissue revealed elevated expression of Birc4 (XIAP), Birc2 and Birc5 (Survivin) genes, which are known as potent inhibitors of apoptosis. Our data indicates that the activated caspase-3 is not an exclusive marker of apoptosis, especially in glial cells, due its possible presence in inhibited forms and/or its participation in other, non-apoptotic roles. Therefore, in the light of our recent results, cPARP appears to be more appropriate marker for detection of apoptosis.
National guidelines for malaria treatment in Democratic Republic of the Congo: A critical appraisal
Authors: Nkoli Papy Mandoko , Moke Destin Mbongi , Kisita Christelle , Kambala Jean Pierre Mukendi , Kahunu Gauthier Mesia , Tshala-Katumbay Desiré , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba
Published: April 2023

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESThe fight against malaria is threatened by the emergence and expansion ofPlasmodium falciparumresistance to antimalarial drugs, to the point of questioning treatment patterns drawn by control programs. The objective of this work was to do a critical appraisal of the national guidelines for the treatment of malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.METHODSTo estimate the selective pressure that leads to the emergence ofP. falciparumresistance to antimalarials, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on antimalarials in circulation in pharmacies in Kinshasa. Anex vivoevaluation of theP. falciparumresistance to antimalarial drugs and the analysis of molecular markers of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance were conducted in the provinces of Kinshasa and Kongo Central during 2014 and 2015.RESULTS.The following antimalarial drugs were found in 404 pharmacies: Artemisinin-based combination therapies 88.1%, quinine 80.9%, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine 56.4%, oral artemisinin-based monotherapies 23.0% and traditional medicine 30.2%. Artemether-lumefantrine combinations were the most frequently dispensed drugs (93% of pharmacies). The decrease in the susceptibility ofP. falciparumisolates to antimalarials was as follows: chloroquine 65.7%, quinine 52.6%, monodesethylamodiaquine 25%, mefloquine ~ 45%, dihydroartemisinin 1.3%, piperaquine 1.6%, and doxycycline 4.3%. No isolates were found to be lumefantrine-resistant. The prevalence of mutations was high inpfdhfr(N51I: 98.5%, C59R: 88.2%, and S108N: 99.4%) andpfdhps(A437G: 97.8%). ThepfdhpsA581G,pfdhpsK540E,pfdhfrI164L, andpfdhpsA613S mutations were 14%, 17.5%, 0.1%, and 0.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings show a highex vivoresistance ofP. falciparumto quinine, the antimalarial that plays an important role in the fight against malaria in the DRC. The present work highlights the complexity of the inappropriate antimalarials distribution. This shows the lack of regulation in the distribution system, potentially affecting the dynamics of resistance.
Hybrid Arabic text summarization Approach based on Seq-to-seq and Transformer
Authors: ELSAID Asmaa , MOHAMMED AMMAR , Fattouh Lamiaa , SAKRE MOHAMMED
Published: April 2023

Text summarization is essential in natural language processing as the data volume increases quickly. Therefore, the user needs to summarize that data into a meaningful text in a short time. There are two common methods of text summarization: extractive and abstractive. There are many efforts to summarize Latin texts. However, summarizing Arabic texts is challenging for many reasons, including the language’s complexity, structure, and morphology. Also, there is a need for benchmark data sources and a gold standard Arabic evaluation metrics summary. Thus, the contribution of this paper is multi-fold: First, the paper proposes a hybrid approach consisting of a Modified Sequence-To-Sequence (MSTS) model and a transformer-based model. The seq-to-seq-based model is modified by adding multi-layer encoders and a one-layer decoder to its structure. The output of the MSTS model is the extractive summarization. To generate the abstractive summarization, the extractive summarization is manipulated by a transformer-based model. Second, it introduces a new Arabic benchmark dataset, called the HASD, which includes 43k articles with their extractive and abstractive summaries. Third, this work modifies the well-known extractive EASC benchmarks by adding to each text its abstractive summarization. Finally, this paper proposes a new measure called the Arabic-rouge measure for the abstractive summary depending on structure and similarity between words. The proposed method is tested using the proposed HASD and Modified EASC benchmarks and evaluated using Rouge, Bleu, and Arabic Rouge. The experimental results show satisfactory results compared to state-of-the-art methods.
An Efficient Full-Size Convolutional Computing Method Based on Memristor Crossbar
Authors: Tan Jinpei , Shen Siyuan , Duan Shukai , Wang Lidan
Published: April 2023

Convolutional computation takes over 90% of convolutional neural network (CNN) calculations; one way to accelerate the convolutional computation of CNN is to employ hardware-based parallel computing. Memristor-based neuromorphic computing systems are one of the promising hardware acceleration strategies. In this paper, we propose a full-size convolution algorithm (FSCA) for the memristor crossbar, which can store both the input matrix and the convolution kernel and map the convolution kernel to the entire input matrix in a full parallel method during the computation. This method dramatically increases the convolutional kernel computations in a single operation, and the number of operations no longer increases with the input matrix size. Then a bidirectional pulse control switch integrated with two extra memristors into CMOS devices is designed to effectively suppress the leakage current problem in the row and column directions of the existing memristor crossbar. The spice circuit simulation system is built to verify that the design convolutional computation algorithm can extract the feature map of the entire input matrix after only a few operations in the memristor crossbar-based computational circuit. System-level simulations based on the MNIST classification task verify that the designed algorithm and circuit can effectively implement Gabor filtering, allowing the multilayer neural network to improve the classification task recognition accuracy to 98.25% with a 26.2% reduction in network parameters. In comparison, the network can even effectively immunize various non-idealities of the memristive synaptic within 30%.
The analysis of late postoperative foot functions in patients with post-traumatic ankle arthrosis
Authors: Grazhdanov Konstantin A. , Zuev Pavel P. , Rubashkin Sergey A. , Baratov Andrey V. , Sertakova Anastasiya V. , Norkin Igor A. , Ulyanov Vladimir Yu.
Published: April 2023

We analyzed foot functions in the late postoperative period in 41 patients with post-traumatic arthrosis of their ankle joints. The study involved clinical and surgical techniques as well as the Foot Function Index (FFI) measuring and statistical methods. No significant differences in FFI scores were revealed in 6 months after ankle arthrodesis surgeries with plates or intramedullary nails. However, in 3 months after their surgeries the patients with intramedullary nails featured lower FFI scores suggesting earlier satisfactory outcomes in this cohort.
Meta-Learning Based Classification Model for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: M Hariharan , Somasundaram K.
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern and is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is responsible for 17.9 million deaths each year, which accounts for 31% of all global deaths. Heart disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise in predicting the risk of heart attacks. Meta-learning is a type of machine-learning method which enables a system to learn how to learn. It involves a set of techniques that allow a system to improve its own learning process. In this paper, we propose a Meta-learning based classification model for Cardiovascular diseases. We consider the dataset (for heart attack classification), which contains 76 attributes with the predicted attribute being the presence of heart disease. We evaluate traditional classification models and Meta-Learning approach for heart attack classification. Additionally, we compared the results using SMOTE and without SMOTE to balance the target classes. The Meta-learning approach outperforms traditional models, providing a more accurate prediction of heart attack risk. These results suggest that the meta-learning approach can be used to improve accuracy.
Effects of Aerobic Capacity on Cognitive Functions During Hypoxia
Authors: SAVAS
Published: April 2023

Objective
We aimed to investigate the role of aerobic capacity on cognitive functions during hypoxic conditions.
Background
Possessing a mishap risk in aviation, acute hypobaric hypoxia has some negative effects on cognitive functions. Therefore, it is important to develop a hypoxia tolerance to preserve the mental functions of pilots against possible hypoxic conditions during flight.
Method
A total of 25 pilot candidates were included in this study. Subjects were dichotomized into two groups as High-fit and Low-fit according to aerobic capacities. Hypoxia was applied at an altitude equivalent pressure of 18,000 ft. Go/NoGo and Digit Span cognitive tests were applied two phases before hypoxia training and during hypoxia.
Results
In the Low-fit group, for the Go/NoGo test parameters mean R-Go reaction time increased significantly during hypoxia when compared to before hypoxia training. Also, in the Low-fit group for Digit Span test parameters the memory span and the sum of correct answers both decreased significantly during hypoxia. In the high-fit group, there has not been any significant difference between the two test parameters during hypoxia.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that if physical fitness has a positive effect on the deterioration of cognitive functions during hypoxia. It could be useful to suggest regular physical exercise habits for aircrew to increase their acute hypoxia tolerances in the aspect of cognitive functions.
Quantitative GC-MS Analysis of Sawdust Bio-Oil
Authors: dos Santos Anai , Lucas Ana Nadja , da Mota Iuri , Schneider Jaderson , Polidoro Allan , Pinho Andrea , Mendes Fábio , Caramão Elina
Published: April 2023

Bio-oils from biomass pyrolysis have a highly promising potential as biofuels or sources of chemicals. The quantitative analysis of bio-oils is quite difficult and requires many standards. In this study, we developed a methodology using only 16 standards for determining the concentration of 49 compounds, representatives of the main chemical classes commons in bio-oils, using relative response factors (RRF) and analytical curves. Five Pinus sawdust bio-oils were analyzed using a GC-MS-DB-5 capillary column (60 m). SCAN mode (from 45 to 450 Daltons) and retention indices (LPTRI) were used for qualitative analysis. For quantitative analysis, SIM mode was preferred, and analytical curves were constructed from an initial solution at 400 mg g-1 of each of the 16 standards, with concentrations ranging from 1 to 150 mg g-1 added to the internal standard (methyl hexanoate) at 70 mg g-1. After the positive identification and quantification of 9 compounds (among the 16 standards used), the other compounds were quantified using the RRF obtained from a standard solution at 30 mg g-1, considering the similarities with those identified standards. 196 compounds were identified, while 49 compounds were quantified, highlighting the monoaromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalenes, benzofurans, alkyl phenols, and catechols.
Spatial–temporal differentiation and driving factors of water resources green efficiency in the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: He Gang , Jiang Huaiyin , Zhang Shiyu , Bao Keyu , Zhu Yanna
Published: April 2023

Considering the regional economic and social characteristics and high-quality development goals, this paper improves the calculation method of green efficiency of water resources and adopts the SBM-DEA model to calculate the green efficiency of water resources in 35 cities of four provinces in the Huaihe River Basin. The results show that (1) the green efficiency of water resources in the Huaihe River Basin decreased first and then increased from 2011 to 2020. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the provincial-level divisions of green efficiency of water resources in the Huaihe River Basin from high to low are Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, and Anhui. The elliptical area of green efficiency of water resources keeps expanding, and the efficiency value radiates outward along ‘Yangzhou–Zhengzhou’. (3) At the level of total-factor productivity decomposition, TC (technological change) has a more noticeable impact on factors than EC (efficiency change). TC scale technology changes mainly come from the improvement of MATC (magnitude technical change). (4) Industrial output value has a positive driving effect on the green efficiency of water resources. Government participation, resource endowment, and economic growth rate reflect China's current incongruity between economic development and water resources green efficiency improvement.
Identification and Validation of Synapse-related Hub Genes after Spinal
Cord Injury by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Shi Mengting , Xu Haipeng , Hu Rong , Chen Yi , Wu Xingying , Chen Bowen , Ma Ruijie
Published: April 2023

Background:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disease with high morbidity and
mortality. Previous studies have shown that abnormally expressed synapse-related genes are closely
related to the occurrence and development of SCI. However, little is known about the interaction
of these aberrantly expressed genes and the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the injury response.
Therefore, deeply exploring the correlation between synapse-related genes and functional
recovery after spinal cord injury and the molecular regulation mechanism is of great significance.

Methods:

First, we selected the function GSE45006 dataset to construct three clinically meaningful
gene modules by hierarchical clustering analysis in 4 normal samples and 20 SCI samples. Subsequently,
we performed functional and pathway enrichment analyses of key modules.

Results:

The results showed that related module genes were significantly enriched in synaptic
structures and functions, such as the regulation of synaptic membranes and membrane potential. A
protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed to identify 10 hub genes of SCI, and the
results showed that Snap25, Cplx1, Stxbp1, Syt1, Rims1, Rab3a, Syn2, Syn1, Cask, Lin7b were
most associated with SCI. Finally, these hub genes were further verified by quantitative real-time
fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the spinal cord tissues of the blank group
and SCI rats, and it was found that the expression of these hub genes was significantly decreased in
the spinal cord injury compared with the blank group (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that the structure and function of synapses play an important
role after spinal cord injury. Our study helps to understand the underlying pathogenesis of SCI
patients further and identify new targets for SCI treatment.
Recent Insight into UV-induced Oxidative Stress and Role of Herbal
Bioactives in the Management of Skin Aging
Authors: Harwansh Ranjit K. , Deshmukh Rohitas
Published: April 2023

Skin is a defensive barrier that protects the body against sun rays and other harmful
environmental elements. Sun rays contain ultraviolet rays, UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (280-
320 nm), which are highly harmful to the skin, leading to photoaging. Nowadays, sunscreen
products are being utilized to protect the skin against photodamage. Conventional sunscreens are
useful but cannot provide skin protection against UV rays for a longer period of time. Therefore,
they need to be applied frequently. Aromatic compounds (ACs)-based sunscreens may filter out
the UV rays but give rise to several side effects, like premature aging, stress, atopic dermatitis,
keratinocytes (KCs) damage, genetic interruption, and malignant melanoma due to deposition of
their toxic metabolites on the skin. The concept of natural medicines has become popular
worldwide because of their safety and efficacy. Natural medicines have been proven to possess a
wide array of biological properties, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, antielastase, antiwrinkle,
antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc., against sun rays-mediated skin damage. The
present review article is focused on UV-induced oxidative stress, and pathological and molecular
targets with updates on herbal bioactives for the management of skin aging.
Stairway to Heaven: Do head-to-head Trials Indicate a Need for Definite
Criteria for Choosing Biologic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Authors: Kobak Senol
Published: April 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease characterized by joint and systemic involvement
that develops with different pathogenetic mechanisms. Treatment of the disease is undertaken
with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The mechanisms of action of conventional
DMARDs generally are based on the inhibition of T and B-cells in the immune system. In
recent years, biologic and targeted smart molecules have been used in the treatment of RA. Targeting
different cytokines and inflammatory pathways, these drugs have ushered in a new era in RA
treatment. The efficacy of these drugs has been demonstrated in many studies; and in the postmarketing
period, that is, as the patients who use them say, they are like a “stairway to heaven”.
However, as every "road to heaven” is challenging and “thorny”, the efficacy and reliability of these
drugs and whether any one of them is superior to the others, remains a matter of debate. However,
the use of biologic drugs with or without cDMARDs, the preference for original vs. biosimilar molecules,
and discontinuation of the drugs after achieving sustained remission are other questions that
need to be explored. When it comes to the choice of biological drugs by rheumatologists, it is not
yet clear on which criteria they base their choices on. Due to the limited comparative studies of
these biological drugs, the subjective criteria of the physician gains importance. The selection of
these drugs, however, should be based on objective criteria such as efficacy, safety, superiority over
each other, and cost. In other words, the determinant of the "path to heaven" should be based on objective
criteria and recommendations according to the scientific data generated by controlledprospective
studies, not on the initiative of a single physician.

:

In this review, a head-to-head comparison of biological drugs used in the treatment of RA, their efficacy,
safety, and which are superior are discussed in light of recent literature data.
Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids and others Bioactives for Insulin Sensitizations
Authors: Goswami Kushagra , Badruddeen  , Arif Muhammad , Akhtar Juber , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Ahmad Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Diabetes is a chronic condition that has an impact on a huge part of the world. Both animals and humans have been demonstrated to benefit from natural goods, and organisms (animals, or microbes). In 2021, approximately 537 million adults (20-79 years) are living with diabetes, making it the one of the biggest cause of death worldwide. Various phytoconstituent preserved β-cells activity helps to prevent the formation of diabetes problems. As a result, β-cells mass and function are key pharmaceutical targets. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of flavonoids' effects on pancreatic β-cells. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to improve insulin release in cell lines of isolated pancreatic islets and diabetic animal models. Flavonoids are thought to protect β-cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) signaling, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide production, and lowering reactive oxygen species levels. Flavonoids boost β-cells secretory capacity by improving mitochondrial bioenergetic function and increasing insulin secretion pathways. Some of the bioactive phytoconstituents such as S-methyl cysteine sulfoxides stimulate insulin synthesis in the body and increase pancreatic output. The berberine increased insulin secretion in the HIT-T15 and Insulinoma 6 (MIN6) mouse cell line. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate protects against toxicity accrued by cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperglycemia. Quercetin has been proven to boost insulin production by Insulinoma 1 (INS-1) cells and also protect cell apoptosis. Overall flavonoids have beneficial effects on β-cells by prevented their malfunctioning or degradation and improving synthesis or release of insulin from β-cells.
Analysis of Cesarean Section Causes Using Robson’s Ten Group
Classification System in Selected Hospitals Affiliated to Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rookesh Zohreh , Zarshenas Mahnaz , Tayebi Naeimeh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Robson’s Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS) is widely used to evaluate,
monitor, and compare cesarean delivery (CD) rates within and between delivery service centers.
This study aimed to investigate the causes of CD in Shiraz teaching hospitals using RTGCS.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study on 1787 pregnant women who underwent CD in selected
teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, was selected via convenience sampling within 3 months. The
data collection tool was a demographic, midwifery, and fertility information questionnaire completed
through interviews and medical records. Subjects’ classification was performed based on midwifery
concepts and parameters described in RTGCS. The Robson's 10-group classification is based on simple
obstetrical parameters (parity, previous CS, gestational age, onset of labour, fetal presentation, and
number of fetuses). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive tests were used to describe
the data.

Results:

Of the 1787 subjects, 455 (25.5%) had planned CS and 1332 (74.5%) had emergency CS. The
most common causes of CD were previous CD (58.6%) and fetal distress (27.6%). Overall, 823 (46.1%)
had fetal and placental causes, 1268 (71%) had uterine causes, and 78 (4.4%) had maternal causes.

Conclusion:

The biggest factors that played a role in the CD rate in the present study were termed
multipara women with a history of previous CD. The CD rate and the overall size of this group are
still increasing, and as a result, women with a history of a previous CD must be motivated more effectively
to have a vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC).
Human Monkeypox Virus: Current State of Knowledge and Implications
for the Imminent Days
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: April 2023

Monkeypox, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, unintentionally infects humans and causes a condition
resembling smallpox with noticeably reduced fatality. Despite the name monkeypox, the virus did
not originate in monkeys. The virus has been linked to several rodents and small mammals, but the real
source of monkeypox is still unknown. It was first noticed in macaque monkeys; hence it is named
monkeypox. Although monkeypox transmission from person to person is extremely uncommon, it is
frequently linked to respiratory droplets or close contact with mucocutaneous lesions of an infected
person. This virus is indigenous to western and central Africa, with outbreaks in the Western Hemisphere
linked to the exotic pet trade and international travel, making it clinically significant. The immunization
against vaccinia virus provided coincidental immunity to monkeypox, but the eradication
of smallpox and the consequent lack of vaccination campaigns allowed monkeypox to become clinically
relevant. Even though the smallpox vaccine offers protection against the monkeypox virus, the incidence
is increasing because of newly non-immunized generations. There is currently no designated
treatment for infected individuals; however, supportive treatments are used to relieve symptoms. In
extremely severe cases, medications such as tecovirimat may be effective and are used in Europe. Because
there are no precise recommendations for symptom alleviation, many treatments are on trial.
Smallpox immunizations like JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 are also used as prophylactic measures in
the case of the monkeypox virus. This article describes the assessment and treatment of monkeypox
infections in humans and emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary team to treat patients with this
condition and prevent disease outbreaks.
An IoT Enabled Cost Effective Smart Healthcare for Real-Time COVID-
19 Patient Early Identification and Monitoring System Using Smartphone
Authors: Shahed Md. Tanvir , Azim Meem Abda Fariha , Habib Md. Shazibul , Sen Goyur Prosad , Hossen Md. Shamim , Uddin Md. Shamim
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, a highly contagious disease.
Meetings between COVID-19 patients, their families, and medical professionals are no longer safe.
To meet their patients, doctors and patients' families must take extreme precautions. Even with these
stringent safety precautions, there is a chance that he or she will be affected by COVID-19. In this
context, remote patient monitoring via IoT devices can be a highly effective system for today's
healthcare system with no safety concerns.

Methods:

This paper describes an IoT-based system for remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients that
uses measured values of the patient's heart rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation, the most
critical measures required for critical care. This device can monitor the observed body temperature,
heart rate, and oxygen saturation level in real time and can be easily synchronized with a ThingSpeak
IoT cloud platform channel for instant access through a smartphone. When the sensor value exceeds
the system's safe threshold, the system will send an email alert to the system user. Some people may
notice a decrease in oxygen saturation without any symptoms or respiratory problems. This system
can be very useful for early COVID-19 identification in this case. The proposed IoT-based technique
is based on an Arduino Uno system and has been tested and validated by a large number of human test
participants. As an example, five sample results are shown in this paper.

Results:

The system yielded promising results. When compared to other commercially available devices, the system's results were found to be accurate, with a maximum error rate of less than 5%,
which is quite acceptable. The system's data can be saved in the ThingSpeak cloud server for further
analysis. This system requires a unique email and password verification to maintain system security
and user data privacy. This patient monitoring system has grown in popularity during this COVID-19
pandemic due to its uniqueness and diverse medical applications. Many people's lives are impacted
daily when illnesses are not identified in a timely and accurate manner, denying us the opportunity to
provide medical care. To deal with such scenarios, this system will help to monitor a COVID-19 patient's specific parameters, predict the patient's status on a regular basis, and send an email alert to the
system user if something abnormal occurs.

Conclusion:

As a result, this IoT-based smart healthcare solution could help save lives during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This technology is easy to use and reduces the need for human intervention.
On the features of breaking a microjet of dilute polymer solution into main and satellite microdroplets under external vibration perturbation
Authors: Khomutov N.A.  , Semyonova A.E.  , Belonogov M.V.  , Antonio Di Martino  , Khan E.A.  , Piskunov M.V.
Published: April 2023

An experimental study of the morphology of the laminar microjet flow of diluted aqueous solutions of sodium alginate without and with the addition of hydroxyethyl cellulose after a nozzle subject to external vibration stimulation by the action of the reverse piezoelectric effect was carried out. We studied the influence of the polymer concentration in the solution (0.5-5 mg/ml), the flow rate of the liquid (4-26 ml/min), and the frequency of the current of external perturbation (0-1.2 kHz) on the capillary crushing of the microjet with a diameter of about 210 um in the range of Ohnesorge numbers from 0.046 to 1.88 and Reynolds numbers 0.7 to 470. The modes of microjet flow and crushing on microdroplets with indication of boundaries of transitions between them are selected, and a general map of modes is built. Taking into account the polymer concentration in the solution, the dependence of the microjet fracture length on its velocity is shown. The conditions of monodisperse microjet destruction with equidistant arrangement of the main microdroplets in the flow are determined, which are related to an optimal balance between the molecular mass of the polymer in the solution, the intensity of external disturbance and the time of stress relaxation in polymer viscoelastic microjets. The role of formation of structures such as "beads-on-filament" in capillary destruction of microjet with identification of cases of absence of occurrence of "satellite" microdroplets from liquid threads between the main microdroplets has been studied. The results are applied to technologies based on in-air microfluidics (bioengineering and additive technologies), dealing with heterogeneous fluids with viscoelastic properties. Keywords: Plateau-Rayleigh instability, reverse piezoelectric effect, monodisperse breakup, relaxation time, microjet flow.
Resonance method for measuring ionospheric plasma density onboard microsatellites
Authors: Galka A. G.  , Kostrov A. V.  , Malyshev M. S.
Published: April 2023

A method has been developed for diagnostics of the ionospheric plasma density on board a microsatellite using a resonator made on a segment of a two-wire line. The measurements of plasma parameters are based on the amplitude-phase method, which permits extanding the dynamic range of measured values by three orders of magnitude without increasing the resonator length. The paper presents a measurement technique and its experimental testing on a plasma setup under conditions as close as possible to the ionospheric ones. Keywords: micro- and nanosatellites, dielectric permittivity, resonance frequency, amplitude-phase method.
In situ probe measurements of plasma parameters during the deposition of boron coatings by the magnetron method
Authors: Gushenets V.I.  , Bugaev A.S.  , Vizir A.V.  , Oks E.M.  , Nikolaev A.G.  , Yushkov G.Yu.
Published: April 2023

The features of the probe technique are described and the results of measuring the parameters of plasma generated by a planar magnetron sputtering system with a pure boron target during coating deposition are presented. A feature of probe measurements was the use of heating the collecting surface of a single Langmuir probe. Heating led to a decrease in the electrical resistance of the boron film on the surface, which made it possible to carry out in situ probe measurements of the magnetron discharge plasma parameters during the entire process of boron coating. Keywords: plasma parameters, probe method, planar magnetron, boron films.
Abnormal electrical resistivity of Co-Fe-Si-B-Nb-R alloys in amorphous and crystalline states
Authors: Sidorov V. E.  , Rusanov B. A.  , Petrova S. A.  , Son L. D.  , Lad'yanov V. I.
Published: April 2023

Electrical resistivity of Co48Fe25Si4B19Nb4 amorphous alloy and with small additions of rare-earth metals ( = Nd, Sm, Tb, Yb) was studied using the AC four-probe method. It was found that these alloys have a specific behavior of electrical resistivity after crystallization-temperature dependences of resistivity at cooling are non-linear and can be fitted as ln R~ T-1/4. Keywords: amorphous alloys, metallic glasses, electrical resistivity, rare-earth metals.
Multicharged ion beam release system from the cyclotron
Authors: Y.N. Gavrish  , A.V. Galchuck  , D.V. Kirzev  , Yu.K. Osina  , Yu.I. Stogov
Published: April 2023

NIIEFA have developed and began manufacturing a cyclotron project for the acceleration of multiple-charged ions to energies regulated in the range of 7.5-15 MeV/nucl. The cyclotron electromagnet is H-shaped. The acceleration system consists of two dees, located in "valleys". Acceleration is performed at even harmonics. Ions are injected from external sources through the axial channel. The classical deflector and magnetic channels extraction system is used. Keywords: cyclotron, multi-charged ion beam release, mass-to-charge ratio, electrostatic deflector, passive magnetic channel, magnetic channel made of permanent magnets, beam emittance, induction gradient.
Technological Innovations and Data-Driven Support for Older Adults
Authors: Jiang Yun , Wang Jinjiao
Published: April 2023

Entering a new digital era where novel devices and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, are playing an incredible role with significant impact on health and health care delivery, JMIR Aging commits to supporting the community of patients and families, clinicians, and scientists to improve the efficiency, equity, and effectiveness of older adult care through the dissemination of cutting-edge evidence.