bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НЕЛИНЕЙНАЯ ДИНАМИКА ЦИЛИНДРИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛН В ИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛАЗМЕ
Authors: Каримов А. Р. , Буянов Г. О.
Published: December 2024

В рамках гидродинамического описания исследуется динамика нелинейных цилиндрических ленгмюровских волн в изотермической плазме, где ионы образуют неподвижный фон. Задача рассматривается в электростатической постанове для двухмерной геометрии. Используя частное, точное аналитическое решение уравнений гидродинамики, получена система дифференциальных уравнений, описывающая динамику электронов с учетом конечной температуры электронов. В настоящих расчетах использовался параболический по радиусу, вогнутый температурный профиль, связанный с меняющейся только по времени электронной плотностью. В рамках данной модели обсуждается влияние начальных условий и тепловых эффектов на регулярную динамику возбуждаемых волн и развитие гидродинамических сингулярностей в электронном потоке. Получены оценки, задающие допустимый диапазон параметров плазмы, при которых реализуется либо регулярное поведение волны, либо происходит опрокидывание электронной волны. Показано, что развитие сингулярного поведения за счет собственной нелинейности можно избежать при учете тепловых эффектов и начального вращения электронного потока. Данные результаты могут быть полезны для установления механизмов неравновесного переноса энергии/импульса в плазменных средах с конечной температурой электронов и ионов.
ЗАКОНЫ СОХРАНЕНИЯ, ПЕРВЫЕ ИНТЕГРАЛЫ И КОНСЕРВАТИВНЫЕ ПЛОТНОСТИ ОБОБЩЕННОГО НЕЛИНЕЙНОГО УРАВНЕНИЯ ГЕРДЖИКОВА–ИВАНОВА
Authors: Нифонтов Д. Р. , Кудряшов Н. А.
Published: December 2024

Рассматривается обобщенное уравнение Герджикова–Иванова. В последние годы это уравнение интенсивно изучается, поскольку оно используется для описания распространения импульсов в оптическом волокне. В отличие от классического уравнения Герджикова–Иванова, исследуемое уравнение не проходит тест Пенлеве, и задача Коши для этого уравнения не решается методом обратной задачи рассеяния. Этот вариант уравнения Герджикова–Иванова имеет лишь ограниченное число законов сохранения. С помощью множителей и прямых вычислений в работе построены законы сохранения рассматриваемого уравнения и найдены два закона сохранения без ограничений на параметры уравнения. Еще один дополнительный закон сохранения найден при дополнительном ограничении на параметры уравнения. В работе также получены первые интегралы для обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений в результате редукции законов сохранения к переменным бегущей волны в обобщенном уравнении Герджикова–Иванова. Найдены аналитические решения рассматриваемого уравнения. Точные решения обобщенного уравнения Герджикова–Иванова представлены в форме оптических солитонов, а также через эллиптические функции Якоби. Используя вспомогательные интегралы, вычислены сохраняющиеся величины для оптического солитона. Консервативные плотности соответствуют физическим величинам: мощности, момента и энергии. Полученные сохраняющиеся величины имеют практическую пользу при численном и нейросетевом моделировании процессов распространения импульсов в оптическом волокне
СИММЕТРИИ И ИНВАРИАНТНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ОБОБЩЕННЫХ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ ЛИНЯ – РЕЙССНЕРА – ТЗЯНА
Authors: Землянухин А. И. , Бочкарев А. В.
Published: December 2024

В статье проведен групповой анализ нелинейных уравнений в частных производных второго порядка, моделирующих распространение сдвиговых волн в нелинейно-упругой цилиндрической оболочке, взаимодействующей с внешней упругой средой. Уравнения содержат кубическую нелинейность и обобщают известные модели Линя – Рейсснера – Тзяна и Хохлова – Заболотской. Найдены их классические симметрии с использованием универсального алгоритма коммутативной алгебры, состоящего в построении базиса Гребнера системы определяющих уравнений для нахождения явного вида производящей функции группы симметрий. Для построения решений, инвариантных относительно группы сдвигов в пространстве независимых переменных, использован метод годографа, позволивший перейти от нелинейного уравнения в частных производных к системе линейных уравнений с переменными коэффициентами. Для автомодельного режима, инвариантного относительно растяжений, получено нелинейное уравнение, линейная часть которого точно решена в терминах функций Бесселя и тригонометрических функций. Установлены условия, необходимые для физической реализуемости точных решений.
Ear and skull base paraganglioma: review of literature
Authors: Niemczyk K. , Mustafin A. , Mukhamadieva G. , Papulova N.
Published: December 2024

The actuality of the research is determined by the lack of systemized information on the ear and skull base paraganglioma. Currently, from 500 to 1000 cases of paraganglioma or pheochromocyte are diagnosed in the United States of America annually. The combined morbidity of benign tumor forms is evaluated to be between 0.7 to 1.0 for 100000 people per year. Even though the results in understanding the nature of paraganglioma, as well as treatment thereof, are successful, the amount of literature on this topic only increases. The research aims to analyze study of the terminology, classification, diagnostics, and treatment of paraganglioma. Special attention was brought to the preoperative preparation and embolization of vessels, which supply blood to the tumor as well as to the problem of repeated bouts of glomangioma. The objective of the research is the selection of relative sources, argumentation analysis, and material systematization. For the analysis, 53 research articles were included. During the compilation of this study, such methods, as analysis, synthesis, information collection and systematization, and genera­lization, were used. In this article, various paraganglioma classifications, endoscopic treatment methods, other aspects of paraganglioma therapy, and diagnosis and treatment thereof, were presented. More and more researchers recommend individual and adapted approaches for each case with the inclusion of factors, related to the patient, including age, treatment goals, other infections, gene status, anatomical issues, caused by the tumor growth, its sizes, and other factors. This literature review focuses on ear and skull base paragangliomas, rare, usually benign, hyper-vascularized neuro­endocrine tumors often treated surgically. Alternative treatments like cyber-knife, gamma-knife, and endoscopic approaches are also discussed, highlighting their efficacy for specific cases. The study emphasizes individualized treat­ment plans considering patient-specific factors, with stereotactic radiosurgery being a safe and effective option for many patients. Materials of the research can be used by doctors of various specializations to enrich their knowledge and for further study of paragangliomas of various localizations.
The mechanism of physical exercise increases heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (a systematic review)
Authors: Ayubi N. , Wibawa J.C. , Callixte C.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to analyze physical exercise in increasing the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). This research is a systematic review involving searches from journal databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Before starting the search, the study determines inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were articles that discussed oxidative stress, physical exercise, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and were published in the last five years (2018-2023). Meanwhile, the articles were excluded if they were published in non-reputable journals or were not indexed by Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 3211 articles from the Science Direct, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases were initially identified. Among them, ten articles met the inclusion criteria and thus were selected and analyzed for this systematic review. For standard operations, this study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) assessment. The results showed that physical exercise played a role in increasing HSP70 expression as a physiological reaction to exercise. The increase in HSP70 is good as it can reduce and prevent inflammation, which reduces cell damage due to physical stress. Additionally, HSP70 increases catalase and superoxide dismutase, the processes that can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by physical exercise. This enzyme is also important in protein optimization based on requirements. Therefore, we recommend doing physical exercise to improve health and avoid degenerative diseases.
The role of diet therapy in insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Semenyna H.B. , Fartushok T.V. , Fartushok N.V. , Dumanchuk N.Ya. , Yurchyshyn O.M.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to substantiate, based on a review of literary sources, the effectiveness of various types of diet therapy as an initial method of treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, their effect on the normalization of the menstrual cycle, correction of metabolic disorders and reduction of the level of insulin resistance. From 2018 to 2024 40 articles were analyzed with key words: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), insulin resistance, diet therapy, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) according to which a review of the available literature was conducted in PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Medscape. The study did not include pregnant, lactating women who took hormonal therapy and/or insulin sensitizers during the last 2 months, had liver, kidney, and heart diseases that failed local treatment of hirsutism, with congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal glands, androgen-secreting tumors, Cushing's syndrome. A review and analysis of studies on the effects of a ketogenic diet for 12 weeks, in which 14 overweight women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, participated. 40 articles were studied using bibliographic and analytical methods. At the beginning of the study patients had HOMA-IR above 2.5, which confirms insulin resistance. After using ketogenic diet, a significant decrease in the level of glucose, insulin, and, therefore, the HOMA index was observed. There were significant changes in lipid profiles with a decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins along with increases in high-density lipoprotein. Anthropometric measurements revealed a weight loss of 8.78 kg and a significant decrease in the body mass index of 3.18. A study of 72 women with PCOS showed a superior efficacy of a Mediterranean diet (MED) combined with a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet versus a low-fat diet alone. In patients who used the combination of MED/LC diet, in 86.7% of cases, the regular menstrual cycle was restored, and pregnancy occurred.
Respiratory support of patients with pneumonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mirsaliyev M. , Kashikova K. , Zholdybayeva A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyse existing methods of supporting individuals suffering from pneumonia due to the coronavirus infection, as well as to find new ones. The following methods were used in a randomised controlled trial: artificial lung ventilation (ALV), non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy using oxygen masks and nasal cannulas, penetrating ventilation with high oxygen flow, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy; advantages and disadvantages of such methods. The analysis of a sample of 200 patients aged 18-80 years, among whom there were both women and men with different levels of severity of the disease, was carried out. The study showed that the use of penetrating ventilation with high oxygen flow significantly improves blood oxygenation and reduces the requirement for lung intubation and ALV. However, minimally invasive respiratory support and oxygen treatment have also proven to be effective methods of respiratory support. When using non-invasive ventilation and penetrating ventilation with high oxygen flow, higher survival rates and shorter hospital stay were observed in patients with pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection, compared with the use of ALV. The study revealed that the use of artificial respiration may result in more severe adverse effects, such as lung barotrauma, so it is recommended to use it only in the absence of other effective methods of respiratory support. Thus, the results of the study emphasise the need for an individual approach when choosing a method of respiratory support in patients with pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection, and also confirm the effectiveness of minimally invasive respiratory aid and high-flow oxygen penetrating ventilation in the treatment of this pathology.
Optimization of treatment and prevention of recurrences of bacterial vaginosis in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ostafiichuk S.O. , Drogomyretska N.V. , Kusa O.M. , Neiko O.V. , Levitsky I.V. , Kinash N.M.
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to improve the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of recurrences of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in postmenopausal women. 87 women with BV aged 50 to 65 who received a course of antibacterial therapy with control clinical and laboratory recovery were examined. In the future, two groups were selected: the first group (42 women) received probiotics in suppositories (live lactobacillus strains L. aktobacillus plantarum 8P-A3 or L. plantarum 38, or L. fermentum 90T-C4, or L. fermentum 39) vaginally 2 times a day for 10 days. Women of the second group (45 patients) received probiotics vaginally once a day for 20 days and a suppository with estriol 0.5 mg vaginally once a day for 2 weeks, and then 2 times a week for 3 months. Evaluation of effectiveness was carried out after 3 and 6 months. A gynecological examination, determination of the pH reaction of vaginal contents, aminotest, microscopy of vaginal smears, bacteriological cultures on nutrient media for the determination of facultatively anaerobic bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, quantitative analysis of vaginal microflora, species composition and frequency of lactobacilli were performed. In the women of the first group, the risk of recurrence of the laboratory criteria of BV increases after 3 months: an increase in the pH of the vaginal contents by 1.2 times (p<0.05), the appearance of a positive aminotest in 38.1% of patients, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis in 26.2% women with a pathological number of 104-105 CFU/ml, regression of the pool of lactobacilli with worsening of the situation and the appearance of clinical manifestations of the disease after 6 months. In the second group, there was a decrease in cases of recovery of laboratory markers after 3 months and clinical and laboratory criteria of BV after 6 months. The study proves the necessity of determining the laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of BV in dynamics 3 months after the main course of antimicrobial therapy in women without a clinical picture of recurrence. The effectiveness of intravaginal use of probiotics and vaginal estriol at a dose of 0.5 mg for the treatment and prevention of BV recurrences in postmenopausal women with a long course has been shown (4 months).
The significance of the immunohistochemical method in diagnosing atypical endometrial polyps as manifestations of localized hyperplasia
Authors: Poslavska O.V. , Khaskhachykh D.A. , Shponka I.S. , Potapov V.O.
Published: December 2024

The article explores the role of immunohistochemical methods in diagnosing atypical endometrial polyps as manifestations of localized hyperplasia. Endometrial polyps are a widespread pathology among women of reproductive age, frequently accompanied by hyperplastic tissue changes. The aim of the work was to investigate the expression of diagnostic markers in endometrial polyps, which may be manifestations of local endometrial hyperplasia, with the aim of improving differential diagnosis in their atypia.. The research material consisted of histological samples from 37 patients aged 38 to 52 with abnormal uterine bleeding, treated at a clinical hospital in Dnipro. The methods included histological tissue analysis, immunohistochemical studies using a panel of antibodies, and statistical data analysis. Antibodies targeting markers such as ER, PR, PAX-2, PAX-8, PTEN, Ki-67, p16, and p53 were used to evaluate proliferative activity and the degree of tissue atypia. The results showed that polyps associated with atypical hyperplasia are characterized by complex morphological changes, including abnormal glandular architecture, stromal atypia, and increased mitotic activity in both glandular and stromal components. Epithelial differentiation of tubal, mucinous, or mixed types was frequently observed. More than half of the cases exhibited partial atypical changes, while diffuse atypia was noted in fewer instances. The control group of glandular-fibrous polyps with hyperplasia without atypia demonstrated low mitotic activity and no cellular atypia. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the high sensitivity of markers in identifying pathological chan­ges, particularly in diagnostically challenging cases. The conclusions emphasize that immunohistochemistry is an effec­tive tool for detecting endometrial atypia, and the diagnosis of atypical polyps should be based on a comprehensive analysis of morphological and molecular changes. Polyps associated with hyperplasia and atypia require further observation due to the risk of recurrence and potential malignant transformation. Utilizing markers such as PAX-2, PTEN, and Ki-67 enhances diagnostic accuracy. Additional studies are needed to develop more reliable risk stratification models.
Cerebral venous thrombosis and depression: a scoping review
Authors: Almarshad Feras M. , Ram Dushad
Published: December 2024

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare condition involving clot formation in the venous sinuses of the brain, leading to impaired venous drainage, increased intracranial pressure, and brain damage. Depression frequently accompanies cerebral venous thrombosis patients with varying prevalence and characteristics across studies. This scoping review aims to synthesize current evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of depression among cerebral venous thrombosis patients, identify patterns of sinus involvement, and assess the impact on clinical and psychiatric outcomes. This study searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for case reports, retrospective studies, and clinical trials published within the last 20 years in articles related to depression and cerebral vein thrombosis. This review covered demographics, clinical characteristics, structural involvement, and outcomes. The prevalence of depression in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis ranged from 13% to 58.4%, influenced by factors such as venous sinus involvement, other body systemic involvement, and individual characteristics. They were predo­minantly younger to middle-aged adults, with a significant female predominance. Common comorbidities were anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, migraines, and hypertension. Most patients had favorable outcomes; however, persistent residual symptoms and variable clinical presentations were also noted, affecting long-term quality of life. The review highlights the need for standardized assessments and a multidisciplinary approach to cerebral venous thrombosis management, addressing both neurological and psychiatric aspects. Further research with larger, standardized studies is necessary to better understand the relationship between cerebral venous thrombosis and depression and to improve patient outcomes.
Abuse of patent rights for pharmaceuticals in wartime conditions
Authors: Kodynets A.O. , Doroshenko O.F. , Volynets I.P. , Dorozhko G.K. , Petrenko V.O. , Belitsky V.V.
Published: December 2024

The article addresses the issue of patent rights abuse in relation to pharmaceuticals during wartime conditions. The aim of the study is to summarize the problems of patent rights abuse in the national legislation, identify ways to resolve them, and formulate conclusions to reduce such abuses. The study employs general scientific and specialized methods of scientific cognition, including dialectical, formal-logical, system-structural, comparative-legal methods, as well as modeling, analysis, and synthesis. Together, these methods facilitated the organization, planning, and execution of the research. The information search covered the period from 2001 to 2024. The study is based on scientific publications from databases and search engines (PubMed, JAMA, Scopus, Springer, BMC, Oxford Academic, Cairn.info), international and domestic legal acts, statistical studies of international organizations (Precedence Research, Statista, Proxima Research), patents on inventions related to pharmaceuticals, court rulings, and the recommendations of international and domestic experts. The inclusion criteria for materials were scientific articles, legal acts, court rulings, and analytical reviews related to pharmaceutical patent rights, patent monopoly abuses, "evergreening" patents, and unfair competition in the pharmaceutical industry. The following search queries were used: "abuse of patent rights on pharmaceuticals," "patent monopoly in the pharmaceutical industry," "evergreening patents," "unfair competition in the pharmaceutical market," and "intellectual property in wartime conditions." Exclusion criteria included sources unrelated to the legal regulation of pharmaceutical patents, materials not directly connected with patent rights, and publications that did not meet scientific standards and credibility. It has been determined that patent monopolies can lead to higher drug prices, the prevention of generic drug production, import dependency, reduced competitiveness, and other consequences. Additionally, the creation of "evergreening" patents affects competitive relations, representing a form of unfair competition. Examples of patent monopolies in pharmaceuticals owned by major global pharmaceutical companies (Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., etc.) were examined. Attention is drawn to the problematic aspects of legislative implementation to strengthen the protection of individuals’ interests in the field of intellectual property during martial law, which leads to misinterpretation and implementation of relevant provisions and requires updating. Court cases of pharmaceutical companies regarding the artificial maintenance of patent monopolies and the blocking of generic drugs entering the Ukrainian market were analyzed. The need for updating and improving the legislative mechanism for regulating the validity of invention patents has been emphasized.
THE EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF UNIFORMS ON COLLEGE STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Albatayan Mohammed , Alghamdi Rahaf
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The study's purpose is to assess how wearing uniforms affects college students psychologically and socially, with an emphasis on comfort, productivity, self-worth, and social relationships. It specifically looks at Saudi male college students' inclination for traditional clothing over uniforms and considers the policy and practice consequences.
 
Methodology: Purposive sampling was used to gather survey data from 249 Saudi male college students as part of the study's quantitative methodology. Respondents answered questions about uniform comfort, price, usefulness, and social integration. Three hypotheses about uniforms' psychological, social, and academic implications were tested through data analysis using SPSS.
 
Findings: The results show that uniforms significantly negatively impact students' academic achievement (H3), social perception (H2), and emotional wellness (H1). Uniforms were seen as constrictive and unpleasant, which negatively affected self-esteem and output. Where traditional clothing were favored because of their utility and cultural value. The findings highlight the necessity of ergonomic and culturally aware uniform designs to balance student welfare and institutional goals.
 
Practical & SocialImplications: The study gives educational leaders practical advice on updating uniform regulations while including cultural considerations and adaptability to students' preferences. Future studies should investigate the long-term psychological effects of uniforms across genders and cultures, building on various samples.
 
Value and Originality: This study fills a knowledge gap by investigating the cultural and psychological impacts of uniforms on Saudi Arabian college students. It advances knowledge of how uniforms affect students' social and academic experiences and aids in creating culturally inclusive policies.
A influência da perspectiva Neoinstitucionalista de Douglass North na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Regional
Authors: José Monteiro da Costa Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo mapear elementos de influência da perspectiva neoinstitucionalista de Douglass North em importantes vertentes da análise do desenvolvimento regional. Para isto, está organizado em duas sessões. A primeira apresenta uma breve síntese da gênese e evolução da teoria das instituições deste autor destacando os seus principais elementos analíticos. A segunda identifica em três importantes blocos teóricos para a análise do desenvolvimento regional (Teoria do Capital Social, Teoria do Desenvolvimento Endógeno e Escola Neoschumpeteriana) o papel das instituições e, neste contexto, a influência exercida pela teoria de North. Como conclusão, destaca que as perspectivas estudadas incorporaram as instituições como elemento explicativo determinante para a dinâmica do desenvolvimento regional, demonstrando de forma cabal a influência dos estudos desenvolvidos pela Nova Economia Institucional, em especial por Douglass North.
Os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: o dilema entre a vida e o emprego
Authors: Sousa Vilanova William
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, o objetivo é discutir os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 no mercado de trabalho brasileiro e a situação desse mercado antes da pandemia, destacando-se as principais tendências sobre a taxa de desemprego ou desocupação no país. O fato é que, antes da instalação da pandemia na sociedade brasileira, a estrutura ocupacional nacional já estava em situação de crise e desestruturação desde 2015. Com a pandemia, o mercado de trabalho nacional foi muito atingido, registrando quedas inéditas no nível de ocupação, atingindo em especial os trabalhadores informais. Por outro lado, examinam-se as principais medidas para mitigar os efeitos da pandemia no mercado laboral brasileiro, considerando as duas principais MPs, 927 e 936. Conclui-se que tais medidas foram importantes, porém tímidas e insuficientes diante dos desafios enfrentados, mostrando a necessidade de uma maior atuação do Estado no enfrentamento da pandemia e também do período pós-pandemia.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF PROLONGED RUNNING LOADS ON THE PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE OF DENTAL CARIES
Authors: O.S. Okhotnikova , A.E. Dorofeev , V.Yu. Melekhova , E.S. Emelina , G.V. Emelina
Published: December 2024

Recently, there has been a popularization of participation in marathons and ultramarathons: the number of amateur athletes engaged in running is increasing, and therefore the number of starts is increasing, both in the official sports segment and in the commercial sector. The development of aerobic capabilities at long and ultra-long distances requires significant physiological resources from the human body. Increased physical activity, as well as emotional stress associated with competition, are an integral part of competitions such as marathons and ultramarathons. High-intensity exercises associated with running long and ultra-long distances suppress temporary immunity, both local and general. The compensatory response to this stress is an immunosuppressive response, which has a certain reaction in all organs and systems, including the oral cavity. Poor dental health in athletes can negatively impact training, performance and well-being both in everyday life and during the training and competition phases. In this regard, dental diseases can have a negative impact on the performance of track and field athletes, as has been shown in regional studies in different countries.
This study is devoted to the study of the effect of prolonged running loads on the change in the dental status of participants in marathons and ultramarathons.
PERSPECTIVES OF MEDICAL USE OF HERBAL ORIGIN ADAPTOGENS
Authors: I.A. Krylov , E.D. Kubasova , R.V. Kubasov , G.V. Korelskaya , A.P. Korobitsyn , N.V. Kochubeynik , G.Sh. Gafiyatullina , A.Yu. Eroshenko , D.V. Safonov , V.N. Sklyarov , A.A. Tanova , S.N. Linchenko , K.S. Karakhanyan
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Currently, scientists are paying increasing attention to the search and in-depth study of the pharmacological activity of representatives of the adaptogen class. At the same time, special preference is given to substances obtained from medicinal plant raw materials. They are, from the point of view of economic and therapeutic effectiveness, sometimes very profitable. The advantages of medicinal plants are their relatively low toxicity, rare side effects and, accordingly, the possibility of long-term use. In addition, one should not forget about the natural, natural origin of the raw material base, which, even with special cultivation, still requires less material and financial costs than in chemical production. Phytoadaptogens are a unique group of drugs. It is characterized by multifaceted pharmacodynamic effects. Thanks to such properties, wide prospects for their practical application in various fields of medicine open up. But, of course, the key direction of the biological action of phytoadaptogens is their stress-protective and geroprotective activity. Over the last century, the mechanisms of action of adaptogens have been very actively studied. Knowing them opens even wider possibilities for using them. The article analyzes modern scientific publications characterizing the pharmacodynamics of phytoadaptogens. More than 1000 publications have been analyzed, of which the most significant ones have been identified. Special attention is paid to important aspects of the combined use of adaptogens of plant origin with other classes (using the example of antidepressants) in the aspect of drug interaction. So, despite the numerous positive qualities, adaptogens can provoke undesirable phenomena in a certain number of cases. An attempt to reveal the mechanism of action of phytoadaptogens, a description of the organ effects of this class, opens real prospects for non-trivial approaches to the medical use of adaptogens of plant origin.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES
Authors: A.A. Klimenkova , A.A., Skripko , E.I. Gribkova
Published: December 2024

The quality of a pharmaceutical service is a cumulative characteristic indicating the homogeneity of its provision in accordance with consumer expectations and existing requirements reflected in regulatory documents and institutional-level standards. The level of quality of pharmaceutical services largely determines the position of a pharmacy organization among competitors and its resistance to changing conditions of the pharmaceutical market, and the social aspects of pharmacies' work indicate the quality of drug treatment of patients and the pharmaceutical care provided to them. In this regard, the procedure for measuring and assessing the quality of pharmaceutical services is becoming increasingly important and relevant.
Aim. To develop and apply a methodological approach to assessing and analyzing the quality of pharmaceutical services using a number of pharmacy organizations in the Irkutsk region as an example.
Materials and methods. Scientific publications and provisions of current regulatory documents defining the basic requirements for the quality of pharmaceutical services were used. The quality of pharmaceutical services was assessed using the expert assessment method with the involvement of 285 experts. The study was based on 30 pharmacy organizations in the Irkutsk region. The competence assessment was carried out by assigning numerical values in points to individual characteristics of experts. When assessing the consistency of expert opinions, the Kendall concordance coefficient was used.
Results. The most important tool used in the analysis of the quality of services of pharmacy organizations is the assessment system, which allows measuring the level of quality of services, interpreting the current situation, identifying possible risks and determining the available opportunities to improve the quality of services provided to the population. The article presents a concept for assessing the quality of pharmaceutical services suitable for use in retail pharmacy organizations serving the population. The authors present a ready-made set of tools for analyzing the quality of services: the main provisions of the assessment procedure and assessment criteria are defined and substantiated. The parameters and quality indicators adequately characterize the most important properties of the object of assessment. The results of testing made it possible to identify factors that have a negative impact on the quality of pharmaceutical services at the regional level.
Conclusion. The developed methodological approach is universal and allows measuring and analyzing the quality of pharmaceutical services both at the level of individual pharmacy organizations and at the regional level. The obtained results of the assessment indicate a sufficiently high level of quality of pharmaceutical services, however, they provide a basis and opportunity to make a corrective impact on the activities of pharmacy organizations to improve the situation.
ANALYSING THE VOLUME OF DRUG CONSUMPTION IN INPATIENT TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY
Authors: L.B. Vaskova , G.A. Pozdnyakov , R.Y. Garankina
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the volume of consumption of medicinal drugs for the treatment of patients diagnosed with epilepsy. As a result of retrospective processing of case histories (continuous sampling for 2021-2023) obtained in the inpatient department of the Clinic of Nervous Diseases named after A.Y. Khlebnikov of Sechenov University, the dynamics of drugs consumption from 2021 to 2023 was analyzed. The range of antiepileptic drugs in the clinic in 2022-2023 compared to 2021 was supplemented with such names as: topiramate, oxcarbazepine. Increased consumption of levetiracetam in 2023 compared to 2021 by 4 times. Based on the data obtained, it is obvious that there are no 3rd generation antiepileptic drugs in the assortment. Among other pharmacotherapeutic groups the leading position is occupied by B vitamins, the volume of consumption of these drugs in 2023 amounted to 496.86 NDDD/100 bed days. In addition, a decrease in the consumption of myorelaxants should be noted. The results obtained can be the basis for the development of recommendations to optimize the use of drugs and improve the quality of drug care for patients with epilepsy at the inpatient level.
IMPORTANCE OF ORAL HEALTH DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: L.N. Denisenko , S.P. Derevyanchenko , T.V. Kolesova , E.V. Manuylova , V.N. Naumova , S.A. Veremeenko
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the dynamic monitoring of oral health in pregnant women, emphasizing the increasing incidence of dental diseases during pregnancy. The study's objective was to identify changes in dental and periodontal conditions and assess the correlation between oral health, hemoglobin levels, and iron deficiency anemia. Conducted at based at the women's consultation department of Clinical Hospital No.5 in Volgograd, the research involved 200 pregnant women aged 18-40, who underwent initial and follow-up oral exams. Results showed a high caries prevalence, especially in the 18-20 age group, and a significant correlation between hemoglobin levels and caries progression in women with anemia. Acute caries progression was observed in a notable portion of the participants, with new carious lesions forming in previously intact teeth.
Dynamic monitoring of oral health during pregnancy facilitates early detection and prevention of dental diseases, significantly improving maternal and infant health outcomes. The study highlights the importance of routine dental check-ups and preventive strategies, suggesting further research in this area. The findings could guide the development of clinical recommendations and increase awareness among healthcare professionals and pregnant women regarding the importance of oral care during pregnancy. This study also emphasizes the need for educational programs aimed at pregnant women, educating them about the impact of oral diseases on both maternal and fetal health. The results provide critical insights for formulating comprehensive preventive healthcare programs aimed at enhancing dental health and ensuring the well-being of mothers and their children during pregnancy and postpartum. A comprehensive approach that includes outreach to pregnant women helps develop sustainable oral health habits and increases their adherence to preventative measures. Overall, this research underscores the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches that consider both oral and general health, fostering better health outcomes for families and encouraging proactive involvement in preventive care.
¿CÓMO ABORDAR LA PLANIFICACIÓN BASADA EN CAPACIDADES EN LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LA BASE INDUSTRIAL DE DEFENSA EN TIEMPOS DE LIMITACIONES DE RECURSOS EN BRASIL?
Authors: Nascimento Luis Roberto
Published: December 2024

Este artículo fue desarrollado a partir de una larga experiencia profesional y académica, con énfasis en presentaciones virtuales y visitas técnicas durante CGERD/FIESP&ESG-2021, presentaciones virtuales durante CEPD/ESD-2022 y presentaciones presenciales durante la Pasantía de Simulación de Desarrollo de Fuerzas en ESD-Escuela Superior de Defensa-2022, que fue impartido por profesores de ESD, así como oficiales de la Reserva de las Fuerzas Armadas de los EE. UU. y consultores civiles de los EE. UU. y ex-Viceministra de Defensa de Colombia. Se presentará la investigación bibliográfica que sustentó los puntos aquí expuestos, además de captar las opiniones de militares y civiles que opinaron desde EE. UU., América Latina y Europa, así como artículos científicos de militares y civiles brasileños, con diferencial académico y conceptual en la experiencia empresarial al presentar una propuesta de Planificación de la Defensa Nacional-2035/2040, así como la opinión de altos mandos del Activo y Reserva de las Fuerzas Singulares, así como un coronel de la Policía Militar del Estado de S.Paulo, que respondió sobre: 1-PBC-Planificación Basada en Capacidades; 2-Gestión de Riesgos y Sostenibilidad Económico-Financiera del BID-Base Industrial de Defensa; y 3-Restricciones Presupuestarias
EL CONFLICTO RUSO-UCRANIANO. “MERCENARIOS” VS. COMBATIENTES “EXTRANJEROS”
Authors: Álvarez Rubio Ariel
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo aborda el amplio empleo de combatientes “extranjeros” en el conflicto ruso-ucraniano, lo cual ha tornado aún más difícil la denominación genérica de “mercenarios” a quienes sin ser ciudadanos de ninguno de los países en conflicto participan directamente en el combate. Los informes obtenidos de fuentes abiertas y de organismos estatales internacionales, sugieren que tanto Rusia como Ucrania han reclutado y complementado fuerzas de maneras que potencialmente afectan las normas legales internacionales relacionadas con los mercenarios. La participación activa en el conflicto por parte del Grupo Wagner, una reconocida Compañía Militar Privada (CMP) rusa, y por otro lado, la creación de la Legión Internacional de Defensa Territorial de Ucrania, también conocida como Legión Internacional Ucraniana o Legión Extranjera Ucraniana, demuestra abiertamente que ambos Estados han recurrido a la utilización de miles de combatientes “extranjeros” para luchar a favor de sus respectivas causas, lo cual tiene efectos directos en el derecho de la guerra.
Using Secukinumabin Spondyloarthritis : a case report
Authors: Mammadova U
Published: December 2024

Spondyloarthritis is a progressive inflammatory disease that typically causes lower back pain and stiffness.Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a group of inflammatory arthritis which consist of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), reactive arthritis, arthritis/spondylitis associated with psoriasis (PsA), and arthritis/spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.A strong link between human leukocyte antigen B27 and axSpA, however, has been identified, and the success of anti-tumour necrosis factor and anti-interleukin (IL)-17A therapy has highlighted some of the key pro- inflammatory cytokines involved. The anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab is approved for the treatment of Ankylosing spondylitis and nr-axSpA in the European Union and United States
Evaluation of patient awareness of 4v and 9v HPV vaccines: A Turkish survey
Authors: Akçaoğlu Tuğba , Ucar Elif , Dogan Ozan
Published: December 2024

Background/Aim: The 9-valent (9v) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was implemented in Turkey in December 2022 and has just started to be applied. The vaccine is intended to protect against diseases caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Awareness of vaccines in Turkey can be improved through physicians’ and health workers’ efforts, social media and other communication channels.
Methods: To guide awareness-raising efforts pertaining to vaccines, we asked our patients who applied for the HPV vaccine at the beginning of 2023 to answer a questionnaire. The survey was prepared to reflect vaccine-related awareness levels of patients applying for the 4v and 9v HPV vaccines.
Results: It is noteworthy that the monthly income of patients applying for the vaccine was below the national average. Doubts about the effectiveness of the vaccine and levels of anxiety about its side effects are still high. Less than half of individuals who applied for vaccination received gynecological exams and regular Pap smears. Patients were largely unaware that there were different vaccines against HPV, that the 9v HPV vaccine provides better protection than the 4v HPV vaccine, and that everyone, both male and female, can be vaccinated and can benefit from HPV vaccines.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed the social aspects involved in raising levels of vaccine awareness throughout Turkey. Overall, people still have doubts and concerns about HPV vaccination, and they are clearly worried about side effects. Physicians can take these concerns into consideration while providing clinical counseling in order to inhibit the spread of disease.
“I dare to offer you pencil portraits of delinquent children": visual sources on the history of the Medical-Educational Colony of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR. 1922-1923s
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Sliskova Valeriya V.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the publication is to introduce into scientific use one letter and several pencil portraits of morally defective children that studied in the Medical and Educational Colony (Russian – LVK) of the Institute for Morally Defective Child (Russian – Gindefreb, GIDR) of the People's Commissariat of Public Health Protection (Russian – Narkomzdrav, NKZ) in 1918–1924. The published documents belong to the problematic field of the history of soviet science and illustrate history of the Colony and work with morally defective children in 1918–1924. The published sources are fourteen pencil portraits of the Colony’s students: Pavel Vasin, Petr Gavrishev, Yurii Gimmer, Alexandr Gorokhov, Viktor Dymkov, Alexandr Zabegaev, Lev Kozin, Fedor Krylov, Sergei Kybantsev, Dmitrii Petrov, Mikhail Chekmazov, Leonid Chekmarev, Zorefa Shamakov, and one unsigned portrait. The portraits were painted by Boris P. Bulgakov that worked as an art teacher in the Colony. The portraits were accompanied by the letter written by Maria I. Popova to soviet anthropologist M. M. Gerasimov in 1951. M. I. Popova worked as a psychiatrist in the Colony in 1918–1924. She kept portraits and considered them useful for M. M. Gerasimov’s studies in the field of forensic facial reconstruction. Despite the M. M. Gerasimov did not use the portraits in his work, they were kept in his fund in the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai of Russian Academy of Sciences (no. 100). The pencil portraits are valuable visual sources on the history of the Medical and Educational Colony that allow to restore the appearance of its students. Also, the portraits complement the Colony’s documents stored in the Central State Archive of Moscow. The portraits are original documents. In the thirteen portraits, there are surnames of students and dates of creation made by B. P. Bulgakov. One portrait was not signed. The letter of M. I. Popova is published in accordance with current rules of spelling and punctuation. Obvious shortcomings and errors have been corrected in the text. Information about persons mentioned in the source is given in the footnote. The pre-publication comment updates the published sources.
Н. P. Rezanov on the struggle for colonies in the Pacific North in the early XIX century, new archival documents
Authors:   Institute of World History Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Petrov Aleksandr Yu.
Published: December 2024

The topic of the study is related to the study of the activities of N. P. Rezanov, a full state councilor, chamberlain of His Imperial Majesty's court, chief procurator of the Senate, leader of the First Russian Round-the-World Expedition, founder of the Russian-American Company and the first official envoy of the Russian Empire to Japan. The year 2024 marks the 200th anniversary of the Russian-American Convention on Friendly Relations, Trade, Navigation and Fishing, and in 2025 - the Anglo-Russian Convention, which defined the boundaries in the North Pacific Ocean and showed that the United States of America and Great Britain were becoming the main rivals of the Russian Empire in this region. Meanwhile, N.P. Rezanov wrote about the peculiarities of interaction with these countries back in the early 19th century. Subsequent events have shown the validity of his words and their relevance today in analyzing the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The author cites two documents found in the manuscript departments of the Russian State Library (OR RGB) and the Russian National Library (OR RNB). The text from the OR RGB is more extensive, as this document has not yet been published, unlike the first one, which was partially published in the American Yearbook, but it is difficult to present the ideas of N. P. Rezanov in general without using this document. In each of these documents, N. P. Rezanov addresses the peculiarities of the colonial struggle in the North Pacific. He explains the reasons for the confrontation between the powers and offers his methods of solutions in case of conflict situations. He believed that the interest of foreign countries in the northwest of America increased after the expedition of the English captain J. Cook. The documents are unique in that for the first time they most consistently consider how Russia should act in the North Pacific. N. P. Rezanov shows the importance of private capital and merchants in advancing to the Aleutian Islands and America, the importance of Russia's trade with China, and notes the importance of the Russian Orthodox Church. The possibilities and difficulties in establishing diplomatic relations with Japan are shown. At the same time, special attention is paid to the Kuril Islands, where, according to Rezanov, it is necessary to strengthen ties with the indigenous inhabitants - “furry Kurils” or Ainu. Later on, a number of Rezanov's proposals were adopted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire. The research was conducted using traditional methods of historical analysis, as well as an interdisciplinary approach in studying and searching for the meanings of rare and difficult-to-understand words and expressions, to which comments are given. The aim of the publication is to draw the attention of the general scientific community to the identification of new sources of the history of colonization in the North Pacific.