bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Augenblickchen und das Stückelchen.
Authors: Frank Marina
Published: January 2021

This study deals with the diminutive suffixes -chen and -elchen in the Moselfranconian base dialects on both sides of the Luxo-German state border. It covers the entirety of the state of Luxembourg as well as the Moselfranconian dialects of German within the area of investigation of the Linguistic Atlas of the Central Rhine (MRhSA). The study examines the Wenker questionnaires from the end of the 19th century that were collected by Georg Wenker and John Meier as well as a second and third series of data in the form of Wenker questionnaires that were collected in the 1920s by Richard Huss and data from the MRhSA collected in the 1980s. Building on Edelhoff (2016), who analyses the development of diminutive plurals and plural diminutives in German and Luxemburgish dialects, and Edelhoff (2017a, 2017b) this study provides a closer look on the forms of the diminutive suffix in the singular, particularly of the two lexemes Augenblickchen ,moment.dim’ and Stückchen ,piece.dim’. It is not only a matter of general concern to show the spatial distribution of the suffix forms ‑chen and ‑elchen in the base dialects, but it attempts to shed some light on language-dynamic processes taking place. Specifically, this involves taking a closer look at the following questions: 1) Can language change in the direction of the prestige variety of Central Luxemburgish on the Luxemburgish and in the direction of Standard German on the German side of the state border be shown, in the sense of the Language Dynamics Approach (Schmidt/Herrgen 2011)? 2) Can Edelhoff’s (2016) constatation that the state border has become a dialect border with regard to the use of the diminutive plural suffix also be demonstrated for the diminutive singular suffix variants ‑chen and ‑elchen? 3) Is there geolinguistic evidence for the thesis that the morphological variant ‑elchen is a fusion of the suffixes -lein and -chen? This article provides a preliminary answer to these questions and sketches some lines of inquiry for future research.
Historische Mündlichkeit.
Authors: Ganswindt Brigitte
Published: January 2021

The article demonstrates how to reconstruct an oral historical variety by using modern methods. The phonetic-phonological phenomens of the Regional High German in the 19th century are presented for Segeberg (a town in the North Low German dialect area). Afterwards, the spatial structures of this historical prestigious variety are analysed using statistical methods (cluster analysis and implication analysis).
Intraindividuelle Variation auf lexikalisch-semantischer Ebene bei unroutinierten Schreibern des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Schiegg Markus , Freund Sabrina
Published: January 2021

Lexis and semantics are under-researched fields both in contemporary and historical sociolinguistics. This paper focuses on intra-speaker variation in texts written by unroutined writers of the 19th century and examines different types of variation in the areas of lexis and semantics. Our data are taken from a new corpus of historical patients’ documents (see http://copadocs.de), which is currently being compiled as part of our research project “Flexible Writers in Language History”. In order to analyse lexical-semantic variation, we combine a number of different methods. An onomasiological approach is used to explore one writer’s linguistic repertoire and use of terms for women, while a structural approach allows us to compare functionally equivalent structures, such as routine formulae and expressions of a writer’s origo (e.g. I, here, now). Finally, we examine the use of emotional lexis in texts by writers diagnosed with melancholia, which is found to be more frequent as compared to a control group. Our findings provide evidence for considerable intra-speaker variation in lower-class writing. In addition, the emphasis on lexis is shown to have particular value for the investigation of patients’ texts, as this approach provides insights into the stylistic repertoires of historical writers which would otherwise remain hidden.
Medienhessisch.
Authors: Vorberger Lars
Published: January 2021

The Hessian language area is characterized by the opposition of an object-linguistic heterogeneity and a perceived homogeneity. The perception and conceptualization of “Hessian” is highly connected to the medial distribution of “Hessian”. This Mediahessian hasn’t been investigated profoundly. Thus, this paper – based on an outline of the Hessian language area and the media usage of regional language – analyzes: (a) the knowledge about Mediahessian based on a survey, (b) the concept of “Hessian”, which is provided by popular scientific publications, (c) the constitutive and optional features of (TV)-Mediahessian and (d) its functions. The paper ends with a summary of the results and a definition of Mediahessian.
Regionale Sprache als Identitätsmarker Hamburger Fußballfans.
Authors: Neumann Lara
Published: January 2021

The dissertation project Regionale Sprache als Identitätsmarker. Zur Konstruktion sozialer Bedeutung bei Hamburger Fußballfans ‘Regional language as identity marker. The construction of social meaning among football fans in Hamburg’ examines different practices of identity construction of fans from the two football clubs FC St. Pauli and Hamburger Sportverein (HSV). By analysing a group interview with HSV fans, this paper investigates the potential of identification with regional language. Identity constructions can be identified in the following three aspects: (a) the conceptualisation of the local substandard, (b) the speakers’ positioning concerning the use of the local substandard and (c) language attitudes.
Dystopias for discourse: the role of the artist in a rapidly reconfiguring city
Authors: McCracken Clare
Published: January 2021

This paper grew out of a collaborative research project with Knox City Council, a local authority located on the eastern fringe of Melbourne (Australia) around 35 kilometres from the city centre. It articulates the role site-responsive artworks can play in interrogating the individual impact of climate change and new and old technologies on specific communities by exploring the development and reception of Section 32, an immersive performance installation that converted an ordinary suburban home into a speculative vision of the Australian suburbs, somewhere at the end of the 21st century. Located in an area undergoing rapid population increase, and therefore reconstruction, where residents had little opportunity to engage in a discourse about the planning process, Section 32 became a critical platform for discussion, revealing a public sentiment that was at odds with what local government was seeing in the local press.
ML-SIM: universal reconstruction of structured illumination microscopy images using transfer learning
Authors: Christensen Charles N. , Ward Edward N. , Lu Meng , Lio Pietro , Kaminski Clemens F.
Published: January 2021

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has become an important technique for optical super-resolution imaging because it allows a doubling of image resolution at speeds compatible with live-cell imaging. However, the reconstruction of SIM images is often slow, prone to artefacts, and requires multiple parameter adjustments to reflect different hardware or experimental conditions. Here, we introduce a versatile reconstruction method, ML-SIM, which makes use of transfer learning to obtain a parameter-free model that generalises beyond the task of reconstructing data recorded by a specific imaging system for a specific sample type. We demonstrate the generality of the model and the high quality of the obtained reconstructions by application of ML-SIM on raw data obtained for multiple sample types acquired on distinct SIM microscopes. ML-SIM is an end-to-end deep residual neural network that is trained on an auxiliary domain consisting of simulated images, but is transferable to the target task of reconstructing experimental SIM images. By generating the training data to reflect challenging imaging conditions encountered in real systems, ML-SIM becomes robust to noise and irregularities in the illumination patterns of the raw SIM input frames. Since ML-SIM does not require the acquisition of experimental training data, the method can be efficiently adapted to any specific experimental SIM implementation. We compare the reconstruction quality enabled by ML-SIM with current state-of-the-art SIM reconstruction methods and demonstrate advantages in terms of generality and robustness to noise for both simulated and experimental inputs, thus making ML-SIM a useful alternative to traditional methods for challenging imaging conditions. Additionally, reconstruction of a SIM stack is accomplished in less than 200 ms on a modern graphics processing unit, enabling future applications for real-time imaging. Source code and ready-to-use software for the method are available at http://ML-SIM.github.io.
Making home in exile: Everyday practices and belongings in Palestinian refugee camps
Authors: Cory Erin
Published: January 2021

Palestinians share a history of exile oriented towards the loss and reclamation of a homeland, often expressed through a shared visual lexicon and mythos. In the context of refugee camps, however, local visual culture and everyday practices demonstrate how Palestinian lives are also grounded in local stories and experiences. How do Palestinian refugees deploy everyday practices to create their home spaces? What can these practices reveal about refugees’ myriad belongings? And, in thinking about these practices, what can be said about how a feeling of home can be articulated in exile, which is at its heart the forced removal/dislocation from home? This article uses a comparative ethnographic analysis of two Palestinian camps in Lebanon to challenge overarching narratives of ‘Palestinianness’ by calling attention to the rich multiplicity of Palestinian refugee identities. In focusing the analysis on everyday practices – specifically street art and walking – by which residents make and experience home in the camps, the article grapples with the seeming contradictions between ‘home’ and ‘exile’ that colour the experiences of not only Palestinians, but also refugees and asylum seekers in other circumstances of protracted uncertainty, as they attempt to migrate and make home in new countries.
Transnational care constellations: Im/migrant families, children and education
Authors: Oliveira Gabrielle
Published: January 2021

Drawing on over a decade of empirical research, this article develops the framework of ‘Transnational Care Constellations’ in order to understand how mothers, children and caregivers are connected across national terrains. This approach takes into account the ways families organize care, economic, health and everyday decisions and focuses on relationships across nations. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to present relevant literature in transnational migration research that has led me to think about care as a central piece that keeps families together; and (2) to show through empirical ethnographic data three cases of families that are organized transnationally. This article also takes into consideration the impacts of a global pandemic in the modes of communication transnational care constellations have used.
Documenting the undocumented: Valeria Luiselli’s refugee children archives
Authors: Sabo Oana
Published: January 2021

This article reads comparatively Valeria Luiselli’s essay Tell Me How It Ends: An Essay in Forty Questions and her novel Lost Children Archive in the context of critical debates about the uses of archival documents in contemporary literature and in relation to archival theory (Foucault, Derrida, Farge). Both texts draw on a wealth of archival materials to explore the causes of mass migration from Mexico and Central America to the United States since 2014, and especially the plight of refugee children who disappear in the desert, in detention centres, and through deportation. I argue that these texts use the archive as a compositional method to confront restricted representations of Mexican and Central American migration with a plethora of documents that propose a historical and transnational perspective. The proliferation of archives stands in for missing evidence and foregrounds multiple points of view on the refugee children, compelling readers to imagine their migrant journeys more vividly.
Decolonial imaginaries of sanctuary in Behrouz Boochani’s work
Authors: Sakr Rita
Published: January 2021

This article explores Kurdish–Iranian writer–filmmaker–activist Behrouz Boochani’s work, at the centre of which philosophical and aesthetic questions concerning displacement and defamiliarization fuel a rethinking of the tropes, practices and policies that mark the parameters of sanctuary, thus allowing its re-imagining from an environmentally informed, transcultural decolonial perspective. The article addresses the genre-crossing interdisciplinary framework of ‘horrific surrealism’, in Boochani’s book No Friend But the Mountains and his film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time as well as other publications that together gesture towards re-conceptualizing sanctuary both on the basis of its historical associations and in visionary anticipation of its urgent renewal. The critical location of Boochani’s work in new conceptual islands off the mainland of thought enables a visible, embodied voicing that goes beyond haunting the oppressor in the struggle for more-than-human rights by proposing sanctuary in terms of relational, indigenously formed imaginaries of resistance disrupting the thanato-political, speciesist border-industrial complex.
Refugees in America: Stories of Courage, Resilience, and Hope in Their Own Words, Lee T. Bycel (2019)
Authors: Keyel Jared
Published: January 2021

Review of: Refugees in America: Stories of Courage, Resilience, and Hope in Their Own Words, Lee T. Bycel (2019)

New Brunswick, Camden, Newark, New Jersey and London: Rutgers University Press, 216 pp.,

ISBN: 978-1-97880-621-4, h/bk, £23.28
Irish Transatlantics 1980–2015, Ide B. O’Carroll (2019)
Authors: J. Hickman Mary
Published: January 2021

Review of: Irish Transatlantics 1980–2015, Ide B. O’Carroll (2019)

Cork: Attic Press, 324 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78205-252-4, p/bk, £13.50
Phylogenetic relationship and genotype variation of six Newcastle disease viruses isolated from duck in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Naimah , Ernawati Rahaju , Rahmahani Jola , Suwarno Suwarno , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) are frequently acquired from all ages and types of bird species. In general, ducks are considered as potential reservoirs for different genotypes of NDV and are resistant even to velogenic NDV strains. This research was conducted to genotypically and phylogenetically characterize NDV isolates collected from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 samples were collected through cloacal swabs and were inoculated in the allantoic sacs of 8-day-old specific pathogen-free eggs. Hemagglutination (HA) activity was analyzed through a HA test, and isolated viruses were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction targeting the complete fusion (F)-gene of NDV using three primer sets. One primer set was specific for the F protein cleavage site sequences of velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic NDV strains.

Results: The results demonstrated that three isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19, NDV/Duck/B125/19, and NDV/Duck/ BK43/19) belonged to genotype VII and one (NDV/Duck/TD19/19) to genotype VI. Other isolates (NDV/Duck/A74/19 and NDV/Duck/M147/19) belonged to genotype II Class II. Based on the F protein cleavage site and the pathogenicity tests, two isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19 and NDV/Duck/B125/19) were categorized as velogenic viruses and four (NDV/Duck/ BK43/19, NDV/Duck/TD19/19, NDV/Duck/A74/19, and NDV/Duck/M147/19) as lentogenic viruses.

Conclusion: The results indicate that NDVs from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia carry various genotypes and pathotypes of NDVs; therefore, these viruses are still circulating in the environment and might pose a risk of Newcastle disease outbreak.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from bovine and bubaline mastitis in Karnataka
Authors: Sheela P. , Shekar Malathi , Isloor Shrikrishna , Rathnamma D. , Veeregowda B. M. , Satyanarayana M. L. , Sundareshan S. , Shambulingappa B. E. , Hegde Nagendra R.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: In recent times, non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) have emerged as the major organisms isolated from mastitis cases in dairy animals, with a predominance of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus chromogenes. As compared to Staphylococcus aureus, much less is known about the molecular types or the spatiotemporal epidemiology of these NAS species. In the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed to detect genetic polymorphisms, intraspecies diversity, and epidemiology of S. chromogenes strains (n=37) isolated from bovine and bubaline mastitis cases in the state of Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven S. chromogenes isolates (14 from bovines and 23 from bubaline) isolated from subclinical mastitis cases, from organized and unorganized sectors, were subjected to RAPD typing. Further, methicillin resistance was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion method. Results: The amplified DNA fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 base pairs and yielded several RAPD profiles. Further analysis using Digital Image Correlation Engine correlation coefficient and UPGMA method showed that the 37 isolates could be classified into 12 distinct RAPD types (A to L) at 62% similarity (D=0.889). Four of the most predominant RAPD types, B, A, C, and E, in that order, and together, represented 65% of the isolates. High diversity was observed among the isolates both within farms and between geographic locations. Most of the isolates exhibited methicillin resistance. This is the first such report from India. Conclusion: In the absence of defined multilocus sequence type protocols or sufficient sequences available in the public domain, RAPD can be employed to determine genetic diversity of S. chromogenes isolates.
ANALYSIS OF FEEDBACK GIVING PRACTICE AMONG JUDGES OF BONGO STAR SEARCH PROGRAM
Authors: Saimon Musa
Published: January 2021

Human beings need feedback all the time so as to improve and (or) maintain certain behaviour. However, not every feedback can help one improve or maintain his/her behavior, unless they are appropriately given in a way they are constructive. Much of informal learning on different life aspects including feedback giving practices is done through media. As participants in media programs or viewers, we are much influenced by whatever goes on in the media. Consequently, there is high need to ensure media practices are appropriate so that they can influence the society in a very positive manner. This study analyses feedback giving practices among judges of Bongo Star search program using feedback giving principle. The data used in this study are video clips of BSS in 2015 episode 10. Results show that Bongo Star Search judges with regard to feedback giving principle did not observe the relevant principles to large extent and with regard to the feedback giving principle, they did not observe the principle description to a relatively large extent. Accordingly, the study calls for training among judges of Bongo Star Search on how to give effective feedback.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF “TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION” ON DETIK.COM AND MALAYSIAKINI.COM NEWS PORTAL
Authors: Asmara Ujang , Mulyana Deddy , Rohayati Henny Srimulyani
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the construction of cross-border smoke haze (Transboundary Haze Pollution) on detik.com and malaysiakini.com news portal. This study used qualitative method with critical discourse analysis (Critical Discourse Analysis/ CDA) from Teun A. van Dijk’s Model. The results of this study showed that both the reporters detik.com and malaysiakini.com thematically used certain language prominence in writing the news. That was done to attract the attention of the readers. From these two different news portals, it could be concluded that each media was influenced by the interest of each country. It was also very clear that each media did not want to blame the state itself and pro-government. Schematically, from the beginning, detik.com reporters directed that Malaysia corner Indonesia not only through the issue of fog but also touched on the issue of the invasion of pigs. Whereas in the news portal malaysiakini.com, the journalist had directed the reader to the protest letter posted by Malaysia to the Indonesian government. While, semantically, detik.com reporters saw that Malaysia truly blames Indonesia without looking at companies from their countries which involved in forest and land fires in the Indonesian territory. On the malaysiakini.com portal, they dismissed it by making a phrase wanting to help the Indonesian government in dealing with fires that occurred in Indonesian territory.
COMMUNICATION PATTERNS OF RELIGIOUS MINORITY IN CULTURAL ADAPTATION IN CENTRAL ACEH REGENCY
Authors: Rizha Fachrur , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Noviani Julia
Published: January 2021

The majority of religious beliefs in Central Aceh Regency are Muslim. Only a few immigrants such as Chinese and Batak ethnic groups who have religion other than Islam. As a minority group, cultural differences, religious symbols and rituals tend to attract attention and sometimes can cause ripple effects that lead to dispute in the community. This study aimed to describe the communication patterns developed by religious minorities in adapting to the culture of indigenous Muslims in Central Aceh Regency. This study used qualitative research with subject representatives of religious organizations, representatives of religious leaders, and people with minority religious backgrounds in Central Aceh Regency. The results showed that religious minorities live side by side with the indigenous Muslim community. Communication patterns built by religious minorities in social interaction are carried out in two models, interpersonal and group communication. In interpersonal communication, religious minorities prioritize a cultural approach, including by using language, culture and customs that are inherent in indigenous Muslims. While, in group communication, religious minorities put forward group representatives in the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB) in building harmony and cultural adaptation in order to avoid potential disputes in the future.
ROLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS IN INTERGROUP CONFLICTS
Authors: Isnaini Muhamad , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi , Kinseng Rilus A. , Kholil Kholil
Published: January 2021

The research background relates to the intergroup conflicts involving some street gangs in Johar Baru Sub District, Central Jakarta. Most of the street gangs in Johar Baru Sub District have each territory. Small matters from mocking one another, miscommunication to rumors which jeopardize the power of the street gangs, can trigger a serious thing: brawls with high fatality rate for several days. The research aims to analyze the pattern of rivalry and alliance network established among the street gangs. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research methods analyzed ego-centered communication networks. After analyzing the communication networks, the inter-group mapping was obtained and in turn, it would be useful as a means of a communication intervention to reduce and prevent inter-group conflicts. Data collection was carried out in a kind of a census towards 40 street gangs in Johar Baru Sub-District and it got the support of the in-depth interviews with several key informants. Research results shows: the communication networks analysis reveal that rivalry and alliance among the street gangs have positioned Gembrong street gang as the centre of rivalry and alliance with the radial communication pattern indices of low network density (10.71 for the rivalry network; 0.00 for the alliance network) and low network closure (0.10 for rivalry network and 0.00 for alliance network). This research contributes to identify which groups have a bigger role in intergroup conflicts.
ONLINE JOURNALIST IDEALISM IN BANDUNG RAYA WITHIN HOAX VORTEX
Authors: Wibawa Darajat
Published: January 2021

Mass communication messages can be produced individually using internet facilities that can be accessed using various gadgets today. Everyone can be to send of any communication message to the public, including hoax message. The hoax is information or messages that are not supported by facts and data, so that is lie and cannot be justified. Hoax are made to confuse the atmosphere, attack and bring down others To day hoax can be  compete with communication message produced by any mass media, and any where including journalists in the Bandung Raya. This study aims to examine the idealism of online media journalists in the Bandung Raya area in the hoax vortex, so it takes of data in the form of opinions from online media journalists in Bandung Raya. Therefore, the appropriate research method in this research is descriptive method. Descriptive method seeks to describe the phenomenon or object of research in accordance with what is in the field. Therefore, the most appropriate approach to constructing opinions and experiences experienced by researchers and informants is a qualitative approach. The guiding theories in this research are social action theory, phenomenology and symbolic interaction theory which are also supported by concepts relevant to this research. Through interviews to journalists, the research results show that hoaxes for online media journalists in the Greater Bandung area can provide both positive and negative aspects to journalists' idealism.
REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL CLASS IN FILM (Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes Film Parasite)
Authors: Dianiya Vicky
Published: January 2021

Social class differences have been formed long ago which can identify people's identities which are usually measured based on economic status. This class difference is depicted in Bong Joon-ho's Parasite film, telling of two families of different classes. The Kim family as a lower class and vice versa Mr. Park as the upper class. The core theme of the film Parasite is that of realistic drama about class domination which can also be seen around us. The paradigm used is critical interpretative, so researchers not only criticize but also make interpretations related to this Parasite film. In the analysis phase, this study uses Roland Barthes's semiotic analysis, which are signs in the form of words, images, sounds, movements and objects that are analyzed based on three things, namely parsing data based on the connotation, denotation and myths contained in the Parasite film scene. . Furthermore, representations produced through objects or images can produce meaning or processes that we understand or relate them to a meaning. Based on the first analysis of the film industry, Parasite Films are not included in the logic of most cultural industries but still succeed in penetrating the international market. Then, at the stage of representing social class markings in the film Parasite, it is found that there are at least five main points, namely: ease of life, fashion, boundaries, body odor, and color. Thus, the description of social class representation in the film Parasite is perfect both in its scenes, properties, and cinematography.
RETRACTED : HARMONY IN MERARIQ MARRIAGE TRADITION IN LOMBOK AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE QUR’AN
Authors: Kusumawardana M. Ardi
Published: January 2021

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Please see correcting the record https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/ushuluddin/alquran/ethic#correcting Reason: This article contains some duplicate material of a paper that was originally published in Masters thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/38665/ One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that all of their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. We apologize to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
SOCIO-GENETIC MOTIVES OF MUI’S FATWA REGARDING COVID-19 BASED ON QURAN-HADITH
Authors: Fuqohak Mukhamad Agus Zuhurul , Amiruddin Muh
Published: January 2021

The textual understanding of the Quran and Hadith during the pandemic era has manifested an obstacle for the implementation of the advised health protocols against COVID-19. The textualists try to confront the Quran and Hadith with the social reality of health. They insisted that one should only fear of Almighty God Almighty, not the corona virus, and the congregation of the prayers should be performed at mosques. Against this backdrop, MUI released a guide to worship during the holy month of Ramadan 2020 in the midst of COVID-19. This article, subscribing to qualitative research method investigates the MUI guidance through socio-genetic motive theory. Following the thematic framework, this research found that MUI's socio-genetic motive in appropriating COVID-19 as a mercy (rahmat) is to reduce the potential for conflict, in shifting the meaning of worship to not only in the mosque is to form household harmony, and in optimizing fasting, and zakat is to foster social awareness. While the MUI's motive for basing on Hadith in ordering the use of masks is self-protection and other fellow humans, the motive for maintaining personal hygiene is social health awareness, and the motive to stay at home is not to endanger others. The novelty of this research is to answer the idealism of textualists by combining the study of religious texts with social theory. Keywords: socio-genetic motive; MUI; Quran and Hadith
STATE IDEALISM AND THE EMERGING DEMOCRATIZATION CHALLENGES OF INDONESIA POST-POLITICAL ELECTION IN ABU NASR AL-FARABI’S PARADIGM OF QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS
Authors: Taufik Egi Tanadi
Published: January 2021

Over 11 centuries, Abu Nasr al-Farabi (d. 950) is well-known as a great philosopher and political scientist. Few studies have examined al-Mu'allim al-Ṡani’s capacity as a Qur’anic interpreter. Even though Al-Farabi has never written a complete Qur’anic exegesis book, he is noticed consistently paraphrasing verses of the Qur’an into political statements to justify the interrelatedness between Islamic political thought with Ancient Greek’s one which inspired from Plato and Aristotle. This characteristic is seen in some of his masterpieces as Arāyat Ahl al-Madīnah al-Faḍīlah and al-Siyāsah al-Madīnah. This paper seeks the potential adaptation of al-Farabi's idea about the ideal society, based on his alteration of Qur’anic verses into political concepts, as an alternative to fulfill the shortfall of Indonesian democracy. The article reflects al-Farabi's thoughts in the context of democratization challenges in Indonesia post-political campaign and suggested that its practice of democration is still considered as a "green" and imperfect form. Keywords: Abu Nasr al-Farabi; madīnah al-fadhīlah al-sa’ādah, Democratization Challenges. Qur’anic Exegesis
ANALIZING ISNAD-CUM-MATN OF TAUḤID PHRASE ON PROPHET’S FLAG HADITH
Authors: Amir Abdul Muiz , Akbar Akbar , Ainurrofiq Faiq , Sempo Muhammad Widus
Published: January 2021

The flag inscribed with the phrase tauḥīd has been claimed by Jihadist-extremism groups to use the narrative hadith as a representation of the flag of the Prophet Muhammad (Liwā' and Rāyah). This phenomenon inspires researchers to carry out in-depth investigations on the history of the hadith, either through micro analysis (isnād) or macro analysis (matn). The purpose of this investigation is to reveal the status and motive for the existence of the phrase tauḥīd on the Prophet's flag. This research uses a qualitative interpretive study to explore the historical-critical paradigm through isnād-cum-matn approach by Harald Motzki. The findings show that the phrase tauḥīd, which is claimed to be part of the symbol of the Prophet's flag, is only the form of insertion (idrāj) by Ḥayyan bin Ubaidillah as “the real common link”. The deviation was carried out as propaganda against the political contestation between the Abbasiyya dynasty and the Umayya dynasty in Egypt. This study’s results supply a new perspective that the religious symbols used as religious identity are not all based on valid sources.Keywords: Prophet’s Flag, Tauḥīd Phrase, Hadith, Isnād-cum-Matn, Political Religion Symbolic
PROGRESIVE QUR’ANIC STUDIES IN INDONESIAN STATE ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION (2014-2019): IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Maizuddin Maizuddin , Zulihafnani Zulihafnani
Published: January 2021

This article describes the state of progressive Qur'anic interpretation studies over the past five years at three State Islamic Higher Education, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, UIN Imam Bonjol Padang and UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. The article is based on the argument that the study of the progressive interpretation of the Qur'an which is reflected in the issues of social justice, women and gender equality, pluralism, and deradicalization has strong relevance to contemporary issues that are widely discussed by scholars. In addition, it is also the responsibility of Islamic higher education to provide Qur'anic solutions to the contemporary problems. The study focused on three questions, namely: the frequency of progressive interpretation studies, the concentration of progressive interpretation issues, and the development and orientation of progressive interpretation studies. The method used in this study is a literature review of the scientific publications of lecturers in the study of the Koran and the final papers of students majoring in Al-Qur'an and Tafsir. The results showed that the study frequency of progressive Qur'anic interpretation in the three universities in the period 2014 – 2019 was still low, recorded at 18.52%. However, the frequency  of progressive Qur'anic studies in the 2014-2019 period showed an increase of 1.3%. The issues discussed have covered the four issues mentioned above, although some of them have not received enough attention. The orientation of the study is still concentrated on the interpretation of the meaning of the Koran, it has not yet led to a methodological study in building a paradigm and approach to contemporary interpretation. Keywords: progressive exegesis; frequency; issues; development and orientation of the study
PATTERN OF SUFISTIC HADITH IN THE CONCEPT OF INSAN KAMIL ABD AL-KARIM AL-JILI
Authors: Danarta Agung
Published: January 2021

Philosophical tasawuf is regarded by ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama'ah scholars as the deviation from the Koran and hadith and is considered heretical teaching. Though, in philosophical tasawuf there is doctrine of wahdat al-wujud which is the basis of the theory of Insan kamil which is the theory of perfect human being. The climax of the theory of Insan kamil is one initiated by Abd al-Karim al-Jili. Abd Al-Karim Al-Jili in al-Insan al-Kamil fi Ma'rifah al-Awail wa al-Awakhir gives new ideas related to the development of Insan kamil theory by providing justification of sufistic-oriented hadiths to strengthen the argument of Insan kamil theory. This study analyzes the book al-Insan al-Kamil fi Ma'rifah al-Awail wa al-Awakhir by Abd al-Karim as a primary source to find answers of questions about the concept of insan kamil which was initiated by al-Jili; How did al-Jili position the hadith in the concept of insan kamil; and how was the source, quality of sanad and style of meaning. To achieve this goal, this study uses the structural exegesis method as an analysis tool to find the influence of interpretation of the text with the interpreter's experience in the context that surrounds him. The way Al-Jili responded to the criticism of the ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama'ah scholars related to Philosophical tasawuf is to list and make the hadith of the Prophet as the basis in building the concept of Insan kamil. Generally, the hadiths he used were valid in terms of hadtis methodology accepted by hadits schoolars, only few of them used Sufi hadiths methodology which were not accepted in the hadith scholarly methodology, such as the method of narration through dreams and mukasyafah. Al-Jili built the concept of insan kamil based on the most basic Islamic teachings, namely the pillars of Islam, the pillars of faith, and the teachings of spiritual ethics as a process to reach the level of insan kamil. Al-Jili added spiritual meaning to the various ritual actions he performs. Therefore, al-Jili combined zahir (outer) and bathin (inner) dimensions of worship.Keywords: Insan Kamil, al-Jili, hadith, Sufism
AMPLIFICATION OF ISLAMIC DOCTRINES IN HADITH MEMES PROHIBITION OF WOMEN TRAVELS WITHOUT A MAHRAM ON INDONESIAN SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Miski Miski
Published: January 2021

This paper is a netnographic study of hadith memes prohibition women from traveling without mahram on Indonesian social media. there are three main questions that are in focus: 1) how does classical literature record hadiths related to this theme? 2) how does this hadith exist in memes on Indonesian social media? 3) how did this phenomenon give birth to the amplification of Islamic doctrine? By using content analysis, this study shows: 1) the hadith in this theme is a hadith that is widely known among the Companions of the Prophet and the gatherers of the hadith, and is considered mutually reinforcing, 2) on social media, the hadith exists in various memes; besides the media factor, also the factors of its users which still carry theological aspects, 3) the massive spread of memes in this theme triggers the creation of the Islamic doctrine, and has an effect on the neglect of other more essential aspects of Islamic doctrine. This study also found that the existence of the meme hadith is a re-actualization of classical discourse that is intended as resistance to a variety of religious social phenomena that are deemed deviant, especially in relation to women's freedom in the public sphere. To this point, it must be acknowledged that the memes that are spread are methodologically problematic or irrelevant in a contemporary context. Beyond these findings, the existence of memes with different interpretations but in limited quantities and intended as a counter to memes that have been widespread will further enrich the discourse of hadith studies. Keywords: hadith, memes, netnographic study, mahram
An ex vivo skin model to probe modulation of local cutaneous arachidonic acid inflammation pathway
Authors: M. Heard Charles
Published: January 2021

There is a need for inexpensive and reliable means to determine the modulation of cutaneous inflammation. The method outlined in this article draws together a number of scientific techniques and makes use of generally unwanted biological tissues as a means of determining skin inflammation ex vivo, and focuses on probing aspects of the arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. Freshly excised skin contains elevated levels of short-lived inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, under viable conditions, COX-2 and its eicosanoid products will continue to be produced until tissue necrosis, providing a window of time in which relative levels can be probed to determine exacerbation due to an upregulating factor or downregulation due the presence of an agent exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Ex vivo porcine skin, mounted in Franz diffusion cells, is dosed topically with the xenobiotic challenge and then techniques such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry can then be used to probe relative COX-2 levels on a semi-quantitative or qualitative level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or LCMS can be used to determine relative prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) levels. Thus far, the technique has been used to examine the effects of topically applied anti-inflammatories (betamethasone, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and methotrexate), natural products (fish oil, Devil’s claw extract and pomegranate rind extract) and drug delivery vehicle (polyNIPAM nanogels). Topically applied xenobiotics that modulate factors such as COX-2 and PGE-2 must penetrate the intact skin, and this provides direct evidence of overcoming the "barrier function" of the stratum corneum in order to target the viable epidermis in sufficient levels to be able to elicit such effects. This system has particular potential as a pre-clinical screening tool for those working on the development of topical delivery systems, and has the additional advantage of being in line with 3 Rs philosophy.
Standardized 11-color flow cytometry panel for the functional phenotyping of human T regulatory cells
Authors: Manuszak Claire , Brainard Martha , Thrash Emily , Hodi F. Stephen , Severgnini Mariano
Published: January 2021

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a cell subset that can suppress immune responses to maintain homeostasis and self-tolerance. In some scenarios, the immunosuppressive nature could be associated to other pathological developments such as autoimmune diseases and cancers. Due to the importance of Tregs in disease pathogenesis, we developed and validated an 11-color flow cytometry panel for phenotypic and functional detection of Treg markers using healthy human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our panel contains 4 Treg surface proteins and 2 functional cytokines as well as T-lymphocyte lineage markers CD3, CD4, and CD8. Our data shows an increase in expression of markers CD25, FoxP3, CTLA4, GITR and intracellular cytokines IL4 and TGFβ when comparing unstimulated samples to CD3/CD28 bead stimulated samples. This 11-color panel can be used to functionally evaluate immunosuppressive Tregs in human PBMC samples.
A 2D and 3D melanogenesis model with human primary cells induced by tyrosine
Authors: S. Branquinho Maryana , B. Silva Maysa , C. Silva Jacqueline , C. Sales Maria , B. Barros Silvia , S. Maria-Engler Silvya , Campa Ana
Published: January 2021

Research on melanogenesis, its regulation in health and disease, and the discovery of new molecules with pigmenting and depigmenting activities use different models. Here we standardize a protocol based on previous ones using primary human melanocytes and keratinocytes in co-cultures, in which melanogenesis was induced under mild conditions by the addition of tyrosine plus ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The expression of MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and Melan-A as well as melanin content were measured. Furthermore, we extended this study to a reconstructed 3D model. Pigmentation was visually observable and melanosomes were identified by Fontana-Masson staining by the addition of tyrosine plus NH4Cl during the stratification phase. The 2D and 3D protocols proposed here circumvent limitations of previous models, using human primary cells and mild conditions for melanogenesis. These protocols offer a viable, robust, simple, and animal-free investigational option for human skin pigmentation studies and screening tests for new compounds that modulate pigmentation.
Comparison of different clearing and acquisition methods for 3D imaging of murine intestinal organoids
Authors: Lallemant Louison , Lebreton Corinne , Garfa-Traoré Meriem
Published: January 2021

An organoid is a three-dimensional multicellular structure that shows realistic micro-anatomy of an organ. This in vitro model mimics the in vivo environment, architecture and multi-lineage differentiation of the original organs and allows to answer many interesting biological questions. For these reasons, they are widely used in stem cell, regenerative medicine, toxicology, pharmacology, and host-microbe interactions research. In order to study organoids, microscopy is very useful: It is possible to make three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections but it is time consuming and error-prone. Here we propose an alternative solution: Tissue clearing reduces the dispersion of light because it homogenizes the refractive index of the tissue, allowing sample observation throughout its thickness. We have compared different clearing techniques on mouse intestinal organoids using different acquisition methods.
A streamlined CRISPR/Cas9 approach for fast genome editing in Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia besnoiti
Authors: R. Winiger, Rahel , B. Hehl Adrian
Published: January 2021

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Besnoitia besnoiti (B. besnoiti) are closely related coccidian parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, which comprises many other important pathogens of humans and livestock. T. gondii is considered a model organism for studying the cell biology of Apicomplexa mainly due to the ease of propagation in diverse host cells and the availability of a wide range of genetic tools. Conversely, B. besnoiti in vitro culture systems currently exist only for the acute phase of infection, and genetic manipulation has proven much more challenging. In recent years, the targeted editing of chromosomal DNA by the programmable CRISPR-associated (Cas)9 enzyme has greatly improved the scope and accuracy of genetic manipulation in T. gondii and related parasites but is still lagging in B. besnoiti. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables the introduction of single point and insertion/deletion mutations, precise integration of in-frame epitope tags, and deletions of genes at reduced time and cost compared to previous methods. Current protocols for CRISPR-mediated genome editing in T. gondii rely on either constitutive or transient expression of Cas9 as well as target specific sgRNAs encoded separately or together on transfected plasmid vectors. Constitutively expressed Cas9 carries the risk of toxicity, whilst the transient approach is laborious and error-prone. Here we present a protocol for plasmid vector-independent genome-editing using chemically synthesized and modified sgRNAs. This protocol allows for rapid, efficient, and cost-effective generation of mutant cell lines of T. gondii and B. besnoiti.
Visualization of subdiffusive sites in a live single cell
Authors: Földes-Papp Zeno , Baumann Gerd , Li Long-Cheng
Published: January 2021

We measured anomalous diffusion in human prostate cancer cells which were transfected with the Alexa633 fluorescent RNA probe and co-transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein-labeled argonaute2 protein by laser scanning microscopy. The image analysis arose from diffusion based on a “two-level system”. A trap was an interaction site where the diffusive motion was slowed down. Anomalous subdiffusive spreading occurred at cellular traps. The cellular traps were not immobile. We showed how the novel analysis method of imaging data resulted in new information about the number of traps in the crowded and heterogeneous environment of a single human prostate cancer cell. The imaging data were consistent with and explained by our modern ideas of anomalous diffusion of mixed origins in live cells. Our original research presented in this study is significant as we obtained a complex diffusion mechanism in live single cells.