bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the polarity of cempedak wood extractive (Artocarpus integer (Thunb) Merr.
Authors: Syahidah  , Sanusi Djamal
Published: October 2020

Recently, timber utilization originating from community forests has become an alternative to replacing commercial timber species from natural forests. The utilization efficiency of the wood must be in accordance with their basic properties, such as the extractive content, which greatly affects the natural durability of wood. Extractive content is compounds that can be extracted using polar and non-polar solvents. Cempedak wood (Artocarpus integer (Thunb) Merr is one type of wood from community forests, which is commonly found in South Sulawesi with various uses. The aim of this study is to analyze the polarity of extractive compounds of cempedak wood. The parameters measured in this study, namely extractive compounds, including tannin, polyphenols, and flavonoid from the n-hexane and methanol extracts. The results show that the extractive content of cempedak wood is classified as high (12.16%), the solubility of extractive content in polar solvents (methanol, 11.07%) is higher compared to the solubility in non-polar solvents (n-hexane, 1.09%). The highest levels of tannin, flavonoids, and polyphenols sequentially were found in the fraction of sapwood residue, butanol heartwood fraction and sapwood fraction. Therefore it can be concluded that the extractive content of cempedak wood is dominated by polar compounds.
Comparison of water availability in 2015 and 2022 based on land cover in the Maros River Basin
Authors: Mandy D A , Barkey Roland A. , Arsyad Usman , Nursaputra M
Published: October 2020

Forest as one of permanent vegetation can have an impact either to increase or decrease the quality of a watershed due to the changes in land cover. Land use activities that are changing landscapes within a watershed can often affect water yield. This study aims to determine the availability of water in Maros watershed in 2015 and 2022 and to identify the sub-watershed experiencing changes in water availability. Data analysis in this study uses the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Input data used in the analysis are the 2015 land use map, 2022 land cover projected map (Markov model analysis), soil type map, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The results showed that land cover in 2015 and 2022 was projected to change. The number of settlement and rice fields area was increased, while the forest vegetation was decreased. The change in land cover will affect water availability. The result of the SWAT modeling analysis showed that the availability of water in Maros Watershed in 2015 was 1,303,169,370 m3, and in 2022 was 1,322,495,380 m3. The volume of water availability from 2015 to 2022 has increased by 19,326,010 m3. The increase that occurred was influenced by the surface flow, which increased from 2015 to 2022. There are 38 sub-watershed, which have decreased water availability, 26 sub-watersheds in which the water availability was increased while one sub-watershed did not change at all.
Growth analysis of mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata bl) propagule toward differences in types of water and planting media at Makassar mangrove center
Authors: Auni A H , Bachtiar B , Paembonan S A , Larekeng S H
Published: October 2020

Mangrove cultivation is currently hard to find due to many aspects that needed to be observed. The success of mangrove to grow and develop from seeds, nursery, and planting are depending on water salinity and mangroves planting media. The objectives of this study were to investigate the planting media, water types, as well as the combination of planting media and water used, which were the best for mangrove’s growth. The method used in this study was an experimental field approach with a Complete Randomized Design (SRD) factorial experiment and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test as its posthoc test. The growing media used were mud and mud added with compost in a ratio 1:1, and the water types used for watering were seawater, freshwater, and the mixture of seawater and fresh water in a ratio 1:1. The observation variables in this study included the increase of propagule height (measurement from cotyledon’s neck up to the tips of plant shoots), an increase in diameter, and percentages of growing propagules. Watering with freshwater showed the most significant increase in height and diameter of propagules. Meanwhile, for planting media, the most appropriate one was mud added with compost. For treatment combinations, the combination of freshwater with mud added with compost provided a better effect on propagule growth. However, all of the combinations had shown growth.
The bamboo sawdust and addition of em4 as an alternative material for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Taskirawati Ira , Baharuddin  , Pratiwi F A
Published: October 2020

Bamboo is a versatile and very close plant in people’s daily lives in Indonesia. However, bamboo waste is a problem that usually arises in bamboo-based industries. The residues in question are in the form of leftover pieces of bamboo, and the powder from the processing process. Bamboo is an organic material with lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, where the bamboo content can use as a medium for growing oyster mushrooms. This study aimed to determine the growth of fungi by utilizing bamboo waste as the primary raw material using EM4 as a starter. The method used in this study is mixing raw materials (the cultivation media), sterilizing raw materials, inoculating, maintaining, and harvesting. There are four treatments also of EM4 as a starter, namely: without the addition of EM4 (P1) as a control; 1 ml EM4 (P2); 3 ml EM4 (P3); and 5 ml EM4 (P4) in 50 ml of water. Bamboo sawdust added 3 ml of EM4 (P3) when mixing media is the best media cultivation. This media cultivation takes 63 days from media cultivation inoculated by fungi until the oyster mushrooms are ready to be harvested.
Implementation of coral triangle initiative on coral reefs, fisheries, and food security (CTI-CFF) in Indonesia and Philippines
Authors: Anugrah A P , Putra B A , Burhanuddin
Published: October 2020

This study aims to discover and examine forms of implementation of the multilateral cooperation initiated by Indonesia in 2007 and agreed upon by five other nations located inside the Coral Triangle region in 2009 which was known as Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF) to safeguard the coral reefs and marine ecosystem inside the Coral Triangle region, to ensure sustainable fisheries practices and the achievement of food security in two of its members, Indonesia and Philippines. To achieve said objective, this study will exemplify the general situation in the Coral Triangle region, the circumstances being faced by Indonesia and Philippines in regard of their marine sector as a whole, and both legal proceedings and any supportive activities in relation to CTI-CFF that have been done in since its inception in 2009 by both nations. The result of this study indicates that the implementation of CTI-CFF inside the two countries was being based on a synthesis between recommendations inside CTI-CFF’s Regional Plan of Action (RPoA). The document serves as a policy and regulation blueprint in both countries, being used in the making of regulations and policies in regard to fisheries management, food security, and marine ecosystem conservation. The influence of RPoA is apparent in many regulations, policies, and activities inside both countries, in which some explicitly contain the very recommendations contained inside the RPoA document.
Survey on potential of geothermal in Lompobattang Mountains South Sulawesi by resistivity method
Authors: Rahmaniah  , Wahyuni Ayusari
Published: October 2020

This research was conducted in Mt. Lompobattang, Pabumbungan Village, District of Ere Merasa, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi using resistivity geoelectric methods. The aim of this study was to determine the subsurface structure of the study area as a first step in the survey to detect geothermal potential (geothermal). Data acquisition was done by using a set of single-channel resistivity meters and in processing data using Res2DINV software to get a 2D cross-section. The measurement shows 3 lines. Based on the measurements show that the subsurface conditions in the study area there are types of rocks in the form of lava, breccia and aquifer, the resistivity value at the study site ranges from 10.8 - 1825 Ωm. With the detection of the lava layer, it can be said that there is a geothermal potential in the area.
Using multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainability of combined cycle power generation indicators in Indonesia: An industrial perspective
Authors: Wicaksono A , Sodri A , Chairani E
Published: October 2020

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plant is one of the fossil fuel power generations that has become the priority of the fuel-switching program by the Indonesian government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Various indicators can be used to assess the sustainability of the power plant. However, the solution for each indicator is challenging to implement at once by the power industry. This paper presents the determination of important indicators from the industry stakeholder by using a multi-criteria decision analysis approach, which affects the sustainability of power plants. The result of this research shows that the environmental dimension has the most important scale value 0.6 of 1 compared to the social and economic dimension, and the primary elements that must be managed on environmental aspects are emissions related to the quality of the ecosystem. Our results can be used in assessing the sustainability of Combined Cycle (CC) Gas Turbines, especially in Indonesia.
SMEs and smart manufacturing technology in South Sulawesi : a non market strategy approach
Authors: Sanusi Abdullah , Arif Nina Fapari , Rusman Rusni Fitri Y
Published: October 2020

This study examines the application of smart manufacturing in SMEs in South Sulawesi by looking at the dimensions of the organization and the non-market strategy approach. Qualitative research design uses case study analysis using the perspective of empirical phenomena in a particular context. The findings show that (1) smart manufacturing in SMEs provides solutions in the production process, namely cutting processes so that effectiveness and efficiency can be achieved (in SMEs that have good financial stability). However, if UKM does not have a good financial position, it will pose a risk to the rate of return on investment., (2) Government support in supporting smart manufacturing through industrial ministries and (3) non-market strategic approach is not a problem as long as it is managed with professionalism. Limitations Research the number of cases empirically is still limited according to the geographical area under study.
Analysis of noise level in the aroepala food city area in Makassar
Authors: Basir Dewi Ratnasari , Hustim Muralia , Rauf Syafruddin
Published: October 2020

The development of various kinds of food court concepts such as the availability of wi-fi facilities, live-music / music concerts that are rapidly increasing can have an impact on the environment. One parameter of environmental pollution is noise. This study aims to analyze the noise level and the perception of visitors and the public. This research was conducted in Aroepala Food City, which provided live music / live music. Noise measurement was carried out by five observation points in ten minutes per hour for ten hours, and questionnaires were distributed to one hundred respondents. Likert scale for the calculation of the questionnaire score, followed by a simple linear regression analysis to look for the influence of music concert noise and interference. The results of this study indicate the existence of a music concert / live music has a significant influence on the noise level around Aroepala Food City with an average noise intensity exceeding the quality standard. Based on the results of simple linear regression analysis shows that there is a positive influence of noise level on noise disturbance perceived by visitors and the community above fifty percent.
The ineffective way of using gun light to deliver light sign for aircraft with total radio failure or receiver failure
Authors: Wicaksono H , Rahman F , Sahib H
Published: October 2020

Ineffective use of gun light by Air Traffic Controller on aerodrome control tower unit. As we know based on International Civil Aviation Organisation Annex 2 rules of the air, ATC on TWR unit use gun light to deliver clearance to pilot when the radio is failed. The clearance given by the controller is a light sign. For example, if the controller gives sign steady red light, that sign has two meanings, for the aircraft is in flight completely different from the aircraft still on the ground. Unfortunately, using gun light on a daylight pilot find difficulties locating the signal lamp. The intensity usually not as bright as we need. This case pilot will try to find another thing besides solving the radio problem at the same time they still have to land the aircraft. ATC can’t use higher intensity cause that may be dangerous for people to use. Purpose this journal is to prove the ineffective way gun light use.
Implementation of green human resource management based on triple bottom line theory to support sustainability development (study at PT. Semen Tonasa, South Sulawesi)
Authors: Citta A B , Fattah H
Published: October 2020

The company has responsibility for the environment both internal and external to the company. Manpower as the main capital in a company needs to understand environmental management as one aspect in order to increase productivity and sustainable development. Green human resource management (Green HRM) is one tool that can be used to manage the workforce by involving environmental aspects. This study aims to determine Green HRM practices that have been carried out by companies based on triple bottom line theory in supporting sustainable development. The research data was obtained from primary and secondary data. Primary data in the form of direct interviews with the company appointed as the informant, while secondary data in the form of data obtained from company internal data. The method used is a qualitative method based on the critical paradigm and data validity test based on data triangulation and theory conducted at PT Semen Tonasa.
Application of humic acid and guano on sugarcane seedlings with bud set propagation method
Authors: Mollah A , Iswoyo H , Reskiana N
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of humic acid and guano obtained from swallow bird on the growth of sugarcane seedlings propagated with bud set method. The research was carried out in the form of a two-factor factorial design with a randomized block design (RBD) as an environmental design. Humic acid as the first factor consisting of 3 levels, namely: 0% (v/v) mL per polybag, 5% (v/v) mL per polybag, and 10% (v/v) mL per polybag and Swallow guano as the second factor consists of 4 levels, namely: 0 g per polybag, 150 g per polybag, 300 g per polybag and 450 g per polybag. The results showed that the treatment of humic acid application with a concentration of 10% (v/v) mL per polybag tended to give the best results on the highest leaf number parameter 9.50 strands and the application of guano fertilizer at a dose of 300 g per polybag tended to give the best results on parameters of plant height (54.55 cm). There is an interaction between the application of humic acid application dose of 10% (v/v) mL with guano fertilizer dosage of 150 g per polybag. This combination gave the best results on the number of leaves (9.50). Humic acid with a concentration of 10% (v/v) mL per polybag showed the best results on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of saplings. While application of guano fertilizer at a dose of 300 g per polybag showed the best results on plant height parameters, cane diameter, number of saplings.
Fatigue life prediction on jacket leg structure subjected to axial and wave loads
Authors: Afandi Akmal , Ashury  , Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis
Published: October 2020

Fixed jacket platform is an offshore structure consists of many elements such as leg and braces. Both legs and braces play an important role to support the structure from internal and external loads like structure its self and wave loads. Especially for jacket leg, the deck load is distributed to all jacket leg to support deck structure. Besides, jacket leg also resists wave loads in horizontal direction. Due to the axial load caused by deck and horizontal load caused by wave, these loads act periodically on jacket leg. Therefore, the analysis of fatigue life to jacket leg should be performed for structural design. The present study focuses on fatigue life prediction on jacket leg under axial and wave load. The numerical method is conducted to analyze fatigue life on jacket leg. It is found that the fatigue life due to axial and wave loads are 185 and 108 years, respectively.
The ultimate strength characteristics on double hull oil tanker
Authors: Lukman Arlinda Verawati , Juswan  , Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis , Wulandari Amalia Ika
Published: October 2020

A double hull tanker is one of the specific ships where the payload is liquid. The payload is an internal load and gives pressure inside the cargo hold. Besides, the external load like wave act simultaneously on the ship during the voyage. Therefore, the ultimate strength of the ship caused by the internal and external loads must be investigated. The objective of the present study is to investigate the ultimate strength characteristic of double hull oil tankers under hogging and sagging conditions. The cross-section of the double hull tanker is modeled using the finite element method to analyze the ultimate strength. The master node is applied to both sides of the cross-section to know the characteristic of the hull girder under hogging and sagging conditions. One side of the master node is constrained, and the other one is given by rotational force. The analytical method is performed, and the result obtained by the numerical method is then compared, including their characteristic in terms of moment-curvature relationship and deformation.
The analysis of the main deck subjected to deaerator load
Authors: Roestam Muhammad , Ashury  , Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis
Published: October 2020

Many types of equipment placed at the deck structure of an offshore structure. The equipment is used as production facilities, exploitation, explorations, and so on. Besides, loads are also acting on the deck and make it becomes heavy and need to be analyzed. In this study, the main deck pipe subjected to the deaerator of the jacket structure is analyzed. The modeling and analysis are conducted using the finite element method. The deaerator is assumed as a static load acting on the pipe of the main deck. The result obtained by the finite element method is presented in terms of the stress-strain curve and deformation.
The effect of lamp loading variation on generator power on curved blades water wheel
Authors: Duma Gerard Antonini , Sule Luther
Published: October 2020

Hydropower is the energy obtained from running water. The energy that is owned by water can be utilized and used in the form of mechanical and electrical energy. Utilization of water energy is mostly done by using water wheels or water turbines that utilize the presence of a waterfall or water flow in a river. This study aims to determine the effect of lamp loading on the generator power generated by the curved blade water wheel, carried out at the Fluid Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin. Methods of data collection is done directly by measuring voltage and electric current, water wheel rotation, the water debit, the water channel head. The results showed lamp loading is very influential on the generator power, if more lights are turned on will cause the generator power become smaller. The biggest generator power is obtained on debit of 0,0163 m3/s and load of one lamp with six blades is 9,275 watt, eight blades is 8,06 watt, ten blades is 4,16 watt
Time-dependent support pressure of underground gold mine in Indonesia
Authors: Qaidahiyani N F , Kabangnga A , Purwanto
Published: October 2020

The mines expand slowly into deeper deposits through underground mining, and it is related to geotechnical challenges concerned with unexpected failure. The radius of the failure zone and the extent of rock mass deformation in the precinct of opening can be restrained by the implementation of internal support pressure. It is essential to primarily understand the time-dependent behavior of the rock mass. This study aimed to estimate the support pressure of underground gold mine in weak rock mass zone in Indonesia and evaluate the time-dependent support pressure. Rock mass quality Q-system is used as the basis for analysis in this study. To understand the time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass, the support pressure related to the short-term rock mass quality were evaluated. In this study of opening excavated in the weak rock mass, support pressure may progressively increase with time attributable to the creep behavior of the rock mass. The time-dependent behavior of rock mass is indispensable to be contemplated in the long-term design and continuance of underground excavation.
Analysis of mineral types of clay contained in residual soil Kulinjang Area, Enrekang, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Arifin M F , Umar H , Agustinus
Published: October 2020

Kulinjang area is the main access road that connects Enrekang District with Tanah Toraja District. The road cuts through the hills on a steep slope at the west side, where there are several large landslides alongside the road that have been occurred for a while. Meanwhile, on the road surface, irregular cracks occur. This is due to the local deformation of the soil material or bedrock, where one of the influencing factors is the clay mineral content of the soil. However, not all clay minerals have negative impacts. The formation genesis of clay minerals as rock-forming minerals that can determine the engineering properties is very complex so that the type and amount of clay minerals that formed from weathered origin rock and the weathering factors will have a huge impact on the engineering properties. This study entitled Analysis of Mineral Types of Clay Contained in Residual Soil at Kulinjang Area aims to identify the characteristics of mineral types of clay in the residual soil layer, identify the morphology and thickness of the soil and analyze the stratigraphic distribution of the clay minerals. The methods used in this study are consist of taking surface sample data and subsurface sample data by manual drilling (hand auger), analyzing samples using petrography and analyzing the chemical content in the soil by XRD method (X-Ray Diffraction).
Landscape design for ecotourism development by PT. Putra Mekongga Sejahtera Regency of Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Buana D N , Sahabuddin Z A
Published: October 2020

The mining industry is often found in life, such as nickel, which is a mixture of stainless steel. However, many people consider mining activities as activities that damage the environment. To change the negative image of the mining industry, it needs to be proven that mining activities can have a positive impact because it can add value to the community’s economy. PT. Putra Mekongga Sejahtera is one of the companies engaged in nickel mining. In Kolaka Regency. PT. PMS conducts nickel mining activities using the open-pit method. Impacts that will occur when mining activities are completed are landform changes and vegetation loss. Therefore, landscape design planning activities for the development of agro-ecotourism are important to minimize environmental impacts and are expected to restore the condition of the former mining area to approach its original condition so that it can achieve the desire to achieve sustainable development by making the post-mining location an ecotourism agro-area. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach; the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The purpose of this study is 1. Analyzing the ecotourism agro landscape design strategy in the post mining area 2. Creating the concept of ecotourism agro landscape in the post mining area. 3. Analyzing the readiness of the community around the PT.MS mining area to make the former mining area as an ecotourism area through community identification. The results showed that the former mining area was in the forest area. Landscape planning to be carried out leads to agro-tourism activities by involving the community. Agro-tourism activities are chosen so that they can add to the economic value of the community from the arrival of visitors to the ecotourism and crop yields.
Extending the discourse of environmental securitization: Indonesia’s securitization of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing and China’s belligerence at sea
Authors: Putra B A
Published: October 2020

The securitization of an environmental subject has been prevalent in recent history. The urgency of mobilizing mass resources and putting the issue into a state’s political agenda has led to state actors to undergo the process of ‘Securitization’ to advance the level of threat the subject poses. This research attempts to analyse Joko Widodo’s first and second term responses to the issue of IUU (Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated) fishing in Indonesia. The paper first attempts to analyse the addition of fields that have been securitized by state actors, and elaborate on the strategic reasoning of such decisions. Secondly, this study analyses the forms of securitization of Joko Widodo’s first term presidency through its Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, by the act of bombing illegal fishing boats and extending the rhetoric of IUU from a pure environmental discourse, to one that is incorporated to the security discourse. Thirdly, this research identifies a number of securitized policies amid the second term of Joko Widodo’s presidency in the case of IUU, including political postures, mobilization of resources and Indonesian Navy, and extraordinary measures implemented, specifically in facing China in the Natuna Islands. Furthermore, the securitization of Indonesia’s IUU response can be attributed to the external geopolitical affairs that have surfaced in Asia, including tensions in the South China Sea and China’s recent acts of belligerence at sea.
Dilemma of mining: economic development and ecological risks
Authors: Sukri  , Ariana  , Ekawaty Dian , Syam Febriyanto , Amiruddin Ahmad
Published: October 2020

This study aims to look at the anthropocentric and ecocentric ethical debate in viewing environmental degradation that occurs. Sustainable development is expected to be a solution to environmental degradation and human interests, but ongoing development does not have a significant improvement in environmental conditions. Based on the results of research conducted on communities around the South Sulawesi mine, the conception of development to meet human needs is then faced with the reality of natural damage that has the potential to threaten the sustainability of human life. Therefore, ecocentric ethics arises with the offer of equilibrium development or zero growth because, growth and distribution of human population will certainly have an impact on the environment, so environmental degradation can only be resolved through this concept but at the same time it will bring consequences to the meaning of the sustainability of development itself which still needs growth as an important thing in meeting the increasing human needs.
Strategic reclamation policy of post-mining area based in the enviroment in North Kolaka district
Authors: Hartono Budi , Imran A M , Rijal Idrus M
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to investigate the absence of reclamation activities and its objectives regarding the appropriate policies of friendly environmental post-mining area that happened in mining companies, North Kolaka District. The Stakeholder analysis applies Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method along with Expert Choice software, version 11, to obtain the weight of pairwise comparison matrix. Based on the elements of structural hierarchy, the results of weighting and priorities can be constructed to get the strategic policy of mine secondary reclamation. The determined priority values for each element are obtained from the calculation of responses given by stakeholders who are considered to have a stake in the management, so that the level of contribution can be distinguished. The strategic reclamation of secondary nickel mines has obtained a sustainable and friendly environmental management policy whereas the reclamation area strategy includes economic benefits for the local people. As for the natural resources toward non-renewable mining, the ecological condition happens to be the initial concern of stakeholders.
Development of high-performance safety controller for excavator
Authors: An Ka
Published: October 2020

This article describes the development of one high-performance safety controller for excavators that fulfils SIL2 level complied with IEC 61508 and PL d, Cat.3 level complied with EN ISO 13849. This controller has two microcontrollers, one for standard function and the other for real time diagnostic via the cross communication, it include various functionalities like digital input, digital output, analogue input and PWM output. The embedded software is divided into two parts: safety related part and non-safety related part. These two parts are totally isolated to make sure they will not affect each other. This will protect the operators and vehicles form damage because of lack of practical experience or program fleet.
Vehicle Positioning System using V2X that Combines V2V and V2I Communications
Authors: Kim Geon-Hee , Pae Dong-Sung , Ahn Woo-Jin , Ko Koung-Suk , Lim Myo-Tae , Kang Tae-Koo
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we present a V2X (Vehicle to Everything) vehicle positioning system environment using V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) and V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure) communication server. With the growth of the 5G network technology, using V2X which exchanges information, connected car recently became an important area of research in autonomous driving. However, it takes too much risk to test autonomous driving in a real-world experiment and it also have difficulties such as road infrastructure or 5G communication system. Regrading autonomous driving research, we established V2X environment in a small RC car, similar to a vehicle environment. Our proposed Vehicle Positioning System environment uses a ceiling camera, V2V, and main server, V2I, which plays the same role as GPS and 5G in the real-world. Combining the V2I and V2V from the camera of each other car using Kalman Filter we present a vehicle positioning system.
Prerequisites for the analysis of the neural networks functioning in terms of projective geometry
Authors: Vitulyova Yelizaveta S , Bakirov Akhat S , Shaltykova Dina B , Suleimenov Ibragim E
Published: October 2020

It is shown that during training an artificial neural network built on elements with a threshold activation function, the weighting coefficients of each neuron can be selected from a certain discrete set, the nature of which depends on the number of neurons inputs. An example of a neuron with three inputs is considered in detail. It is shown that there are only 8 non-trivial combinations of weight coefficients that specify the work of neurons of this variety: any other combination of weight coefficients that describe the work of a non-degenerate neuron with this number of inputs can be replaced by one of the above 8 combinations without changing the character of the neuron functioning in the network. A method has been developed that allows one to determine relevant combinations of weights for neurons with an arbitrary number of inputs. It is shown that the proposed approach creates the prerequisites for assessing the “information power” of neural networks based on data on the nature of the connections between the neurons that form it.
Application of ternary logic for digital signal processing
Authors: Moldakhan I , Shaltikova D B , Egemberdyeva Z M , Suleimenov I E
Published: October 2020

The article shown that digital processing of slowly changing signals based on ternary logic has significant advantages compared to processing based on binary logic. It is shown that for slowly changing signals, digital processing can be performed on the basis of dividing analysed signal into frequency bands. In particular, information on derivatives of a slowly varying signal which spectrum lies in the frequency band from 0 to ω_0, can be restored basing on the analysis of its component lying in the frequency band from ω_0/3, to ω_0‥
Improving Aviation Incidents using Association Rule Mining Algorithm and Time Series Analysis
Authors: Abesamis Pierre Pauline R. , Bulos Remedios de Dios , Ching Michelle
Published: October 2020

Advance technology helps to forecast and show the different hazards associated in the world of transportation systems. Despite the rapid advancement of technology, there are still huge number of aviation accidents and incidents happened. This paper concerns application of various data analytics algorithm to derive a time series forecasting method and frequent accident and incident pattern specifically for Philippine aviation setting for predicting conditions that would increase the likelihood of aviation accidents and incidents involving fatal and non-fatal activities. Data Analytics algorithms are Association Rule Mining using FP-Growth algorithms and Time Series Forecasting methods using Linear Regression, Gaussian Processes, Multilayer Perceptron, and SMOreg are applied to datasets derived from original data obtained from Department of Transportation (DOTr) with its attached agency, Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and both incident and accident records stored in “Philippine Aviation Incident Reporting System (PAIRS)” from 2008-2017. The aviation accident data is based on flight information such as aircraft attributes, aviation accident factors, type of occurrences, geographical location, weather conditions and phases of operation. The results lead to prescriptive analytics for development of business rules and help identify pattern that can define aircraft accidents/incidents occurrences. The ability to predict accidents has the main objective of saving lives and will be impactful in cost saving in terms of any aircraft damages. The result created important points in improving the aviation operation and assists in better decision-making to help create policy and future improvement for aviation-safety in the country.
Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function in Midlife
Authors: Foret Janelle T , Oleson Stephanie , Hickson Brennan , Valek Stephanie , Tanaka Hirofumi , Haley Andreana P
Published: October 2020

Objective

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with cognitive decline. We investigated the relationship between MetS and cognition in middle-aged adults. We hypothesized that higher numbers of MetS components will relate to poorer performance on executive function (EF) tasks as frontal lobe regions critical to EF are particularly vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.

Methods

197 adults (ages 40–60) participated. MetS was evaluated using established criteria. Composite scores for cognitive domains were computed as follows: Global cognitive function (subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd Edition), EF (Stroop Color Word, Digit Span Backward, and Trails A and B), and memory (California Verbal Learning Test, 2 Edition).

Results

Higher number of MetS components was related to weaker EF—F(4, 191) = 3.94, p = .004, MetS components ß = −.14, p = .044. A similar relationship was detected for tests of memory—F(4, 192) = 7.86, p < .001, MetS components ß = −.15, p = .032. Diagnosis of MetS was not significantly associated with EF domain score (ß = −.05, p = .506) but was significantly associated with memory scores—F(4, 189) = 8.81, p < .001, MetS diagnosis ß = −.19, p = .006.

Conclusions

Our findings support prior research linking MetS components at midlife to executive dysfunction and demonstrate that MetS, and its components are also associated with poorer memory function. This suggests that cognitive vulnerability can be detected at midlife. Interventions for MetS at midlife could alter cognitive outcomes.
Stability-Indicating Method Development and Validation for Busulfan Drug Substance by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector
Authors: Khan Ashraf , Winter Greg , Tan Shane
Published: October 2020

A new, simple and stability-indicating gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of busulfan and its organic impurities (OI) in drug substance without derivatization. The chromatographic attributes were achieved on a fused silica capillary column (0.53 mm × 30 m, 1.0 μm, USP Phase G42), using hydrogen as a carrier gas with a split ratio of 1:1. Forced degradation studies were conducted to establish the stability-indicating capability and method specificity that showed the stressed busulfan peak was free from any co-elution. Robustness study demonstrated the chromatograms remained mostly unaffected under deliberate, but small variations of chromatographic parameters, establishing the reliability of the method during routine usage. The method was shown to be reliable, sensitive, specific, linear, accurate, precise and rugged in the 1,4-butanediol concentration range of 1–20 μg/mL. The method, intended for compendial uses, is suitable for quantitative analysis of busulfan and its organic impurities in drug substances.
The unaccomplished mission of reducing mortality in patients on kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Ortiz Alberto
Published: October 2020

Six years ago, a comprehensive review by the EURECA-m working group of the ERA-EDTA thoroughly addressed the drivers of mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Not unexpectedly, the key global driver of early death in these patients was the lack of access to kidney replacement therapy. However, and contrary to the expectations of non-nephrologists, mortality was still high when kidney replacement therapy was provided. This was due to excess cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality, and the need to further characterize correctable risk factors and eventually test the impact of correcting them was emphasized. In this issue of ckj, seven reports address risk factors for death in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis and kidney transplant patients. They characterize irreversible (e.g. sex; age; genetic variants of the KL gene encoding the anti-ageing protein Klotho) and reversible (obesity; mineral and bone disorder parameters; anti-depressant drugs, especially those that increase the QT; amputation; public health investments) factors associated with mortality of CKD patients on or off kidney replacement therapy.
Network medicine in Cardiovascular Research
Authors: Lee Laurel Y , Pandey Arvind K , Maron Bradley A , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: October 2020

The ability to generate multi-omics data coupled with deeply characterizing the clinical phenotype of individual patients promises to improve understanding of complex cardiovascular pathobiology. There remains an important disconnection between the magnitude and granularity of these data and our ability to improve phenotype–genotype correlations for complex cardiovascular diseases. This shortcoming may be due to limitations associated with traditional reductionist analytical methods, which tend to emphasize a single molecular event in the pathogenesis of diseases more aptly characterized by crosstalk between overlapping molecular pathways. Network medicine is a rapidly growing discipline that considers diseases as the consequences of perturbed interactions between multiple interconnected biological components. This powerful integrative approach has enabled a number of important discoveries in complex disease mechanisms. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts of network medicine and highlight specific examples by which this approach has accelerated cardiovascular research. We also review how network medicine is well-positioned to promote rational drug design for patients with cardiovascular diseases, with particular emphasis on advancing precision medicine.
The Benefits of Omnivory for Reproduction and Life History of a Specialized Aphid Predator,Hippodamia convergens(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Stowe Hannah E , Michaud J P , Kim Tania
Published: October 2020

The convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, is a specialized predator of cereal aphids on the High Plains, completing its first generation each year in winter wheat, the resulting adults dispersing into summer crops and producing additional generations, contingent on the availability of aphids. In the present study, we tested the collective value of supplementary plant resources (sugars, pollen, and seedling wheat leaves), and small amounts of alternative prey, eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), all provided together, for improving beetle life history and reproductive success even when suitable prey, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were provided ad libitum. Although a monotypic diet of S. graminum yielded slightly faster larval development and heavier adults than the omnivorous diet, preoviposition periods were extended and 21-d fecundities greatly reduced when this diet was continued through adult life, largely due to fewer oviposition days, although egg fertility was unaffected. The results highlight the critical importance of plant-derived resources even when suitable prey are not limiting. However, monotypic diet beetles that diapaused for 21 d in the presence of supplementary plant resources, plus moth eggs, achieved the same reproductive success as those reared on the omnivorous diet, with or without diapause, demonstrating that access to these resources post-emergence was sufficient to compensate for their absence during development. The diapause treatment itself had no impact on the fitness of beetles reared on the omnivorous diet, likely because neither its duration, nor the caloric restriction imposed, were sufficient to diminish reproductive effort.
Fake Reviews
Authors: Glazer Jacob , Herrera Helios , Perry Motty
Published: October 2020

We propose a model of product reviews in which some are genuine and some are fake in order to shed light on the value of information provided on platforms like TripAdvisor, Yelp, etc. In every period, a review is posted which is either genuine or fake. We characterise the equilibrium of the dynamic model and prove that it is unique. In equilibrium, valuable learning takes place in every period. Fake reviews, however, do slow down the learning process. It is established that any attempt by the platform to manipulate the reviews is counterproductive.
Vegetarians, fish, poultry, and meat-eaters: who has higher risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality? A prospective study from UK Biobank
Authors: Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Parra-Soto Solange , Gray Stuart , Anderson Jana , Welsh Paul , Gill Jason , Sattar Naveed , Ho Frederick K , Celis-Morales Carlos , Pell Jill P
Published: October 2020

Aims 

To compare the incidence and mortality risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [CVD and also ischaemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF)] among people with different types of diets—including vegetarians, fish eaters, fish and poultry eaters, and meat-eaters—using data from UK Biobank.

Methods and results 

A total of 422 791 participants (55.4% women) were included in this prospective analysis. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, four types of diets were derived. Associations between types of diets and health outcomes were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Meat-eaters comprised 94.7% of the cohort and were more likely to be obese than other diet groups. After a median follow-up of 8.5 years, fish eaters, compared with meat-eaters, had lower risks of incident CVD {hazard ratios (HR): 0.93 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.88–0.97]}, IHD [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88)], MI [HR: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56–0.88)], stroke [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63–0.98)] and HF [HR: 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63–0.97)], after adjusting for confounders. Vegetarians had lower risk of CVD incidence [HR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86–0.96)] relative to meat-eaters. In contrast, the risk of adverse outcomes was not different in fish and poultry eaters compared with meat-eaters. No associations were identified between types of diets and CVD mortality.

Conclusion 

Eating fish rather than meat or poultry was associated with a lower risk of a range of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Vegetarianism was only associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence.
Measuring the quality of cancer care in the Barwon South Western region, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Matheson L M , Pitson G , Yap C H , Singh M , Collins I , Campbell P , Patrick A , Rogers M J
Published: October 2020

Objective

The implementation of clinical quality indicators for monitoring cancer care in regional, rural and remote areas.

Design

Retrospective data from a population-based Clinical Quality Registry for lung, colorectal and breast cancers.

Setting

All major health services in the Barwon South Western region, Victoria, Australia.

Participants

All patients who were diagnosed with cancer and who presented to a health service.

Intervention(s)

Clinical subgroups to review variations.

Main Outcome Measures(s)

Clinical quality indicators for lung, colorectal and breast cancers.

Results

Clinical indicators included the following: discussion at multidisciplinary meetings, the timeliness of care provided and the type of care for different stages of the disease and survival outcomes. Many of the derived clinical indicator targets were reached. However, variations led to an improvement in the tumour stage being recorded in the medical record; an improved awareness of the need for adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer; a reduction in time to treatment for lung cancer and a reduced time to surgery for breast cancer, and the 30-day mortality post-treatment for all of the tumour streams was highlighted.

Conclusions

Clinical quality indicators allow for valuable insights into patterns of care. These indicators are easily reproduced and may be of use to other cancer centres and health services.