bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel synthesized triazole derivatives as effective corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1M HCl solution: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Belal Kamelia , El-Askalany A. H. , Ghaith Eslam A. , Fathi Salem Molouk Ahmed
Published: December 2023

This article outlines the synthesis of two derivatives of 4-amino-5-hydrazineyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol for the prevention of carbon steel corrosion in 1M HCl solution. These derivatives are (Z)-3-(1-(2-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (TZ1) and 5-(2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (TZ2). Weight loss, electrochemical experiments, surface examinations, and theoretical computation are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two compounds to be used as corrosion inhibitors. Weight loss and electrochemical studies demonstrate that these derivatives reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steel. To examine the morphology and constitution of the carbon steel surface submerged in HCl solution as well as after adding inhibitors, surface examination tests are performed. Analysis of the test solution via UV–visible spectroscopy is employed to check the possibility of complex formation between inhibitor molecules and Fe2+ ions released during the corrosion process. In order to explore their biological activity, the antibacterial activity was investigated against (E. coli and Bacillus subtilis). Finally, theoretical confirmation of the experimental findings is provided by quantum chemical (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies. More adsorption sites are present in the derivatives of 4-amino-5-hydrazineyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which offer a novel perspective for developing new classes of corrosion inhibitors with substantial protective efficacy, especially at high temperatures.
Age, sex and race distribution of accelerometer-derived sleep variability in US school-aged children and adults
Authors: Price Elexis , Li Xinyue , Xu Yanyan , Mansuri Asifhusen , McCall William V. , Su Shaoyong , Wang Xiaoling
Published: December 2023

Sleep variability (e.g. intra-individual variabilities in sleep duration or sleep timing, social jetlag, and catch-up sleep) is an important factor impacting health and mortality. However, limited information is available on the distribution of these sleep parameters across the human life span. We aimed to provide distribution of sleep variability related parameters across lifespan by sex and race in a national representative sample from the U.S. population. The study included 9981 participants 6 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014, who had 4–7 days of valid 24-h accelerometer recording with at least one day obtained during weekend (Friday or Saturday night). Of the study participants, 43% showed ≥ 60 min sleep duration standard deviation (SD), 51% experienced ≥ 60 min catch-up sleep, 20% showed ≥ 60 min sleep midpoint SD, and 43% experienced ≥ 60 min social jetlag. American youth and young adults averaged greater sleep variability compared to other age groups. Non-Hispanic Blacks showed greater sleep variability in all parameters compared to other racial groups. There was a main effect of sex on sleep midpoint SD and social jetlag with males averaging slightly more than females. Our study provides important observations on sleep variability parameters of residents of the United States by using objectively measured sleep patterns and will provide unique insights for personalized advice on sleep hygiene.
Higher systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with sarcopenia in individuals aged 18–59 years: a population-based study
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Zeng Lingfeng , Liang Guihong , Dou Yaoxing , Zhou Guanghui , Pan Jianke , Yang Weiyi , Hong Kunhao , Liu Jun , Zhao Li
Published: December 2023

The association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the risk of sarcopenia has not yet been revealed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the SII and sarcopenia in individuals aged 18–59 years. All data for this study are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, including 7258 participants (age range: 18–59 years). We divided SII values by quartiles (quartiles 1–4: 0.3–3.1, 3.2–4.4, 4.4–6.2, and 6.2–58.5). We constructed a multivariate logistic regression model to assess the association between the SII and the risk of sarcopenia, and an interaction test was run to test the stability of the model and identify high-risk individuals with sarcopenia. Compared to nonsarcopenia participants, sarcopenia patients had a significantly higher SII value (weighted average: 6.65 vs. 5.16) (P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression results showed a positive linear relationship between the SII and sarcopenia (OR [odds ratio] = 1.12, 95% CI [confidence interval] 1.03–1.21). Compared to the quartile 1 group, the quartile 4 group was associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia (OR = 3.94, 95% CI 1.42–10.94). Compared with the quartile 1 group, the OR value of the quartile 2 to quartile 4 groups showed an upwards trend (Ptrend < 0.001) as the level of SII increased. Subgroup analysis also indicate that the correlation between higher SII values and the risk of sarcopenia was stable. There was a significant positive linear relationship between SII and sarcopenia, indicating that higher SII values can increase the risk of sarcopenia in individuals aged 18–59 in the United States. The findings of this study will be beneficial in promoting the use of SII alone or in combination with other tools for the risk screening of sarcopenia in communities or large populations.
Effect of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract on manganese-induced cyto-genotoxicity on Allium cepa L.
Authors: Üstündağ Ünal , Macar Oksal , Kalefetoğlu Macar Tuğçe , Yalçın Emine , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin
Published: December 2023

Although the antioxidant properties ofMelissa officinalisextract (Mox) are widely known, little work has focused on its protective capacity against heavy metal stress. The primary objective of this study was to determine the potential of Mox to mitigate manganese (II) chloride (MnCI2)-induced cyto-genotoxicity using the Allium and comet assays. Physiological, genotoxic, biochemical and anatomical parameters as well as the phenolic composition of Mox were examined inAllium cepa(L.). Application of 1000 µM MnCl2reduced the rooting percentage, root elongation, weight gain, mitotic index and levels of chlorophyllaand chlorophyllbpigments compared to the control group. However, it increased micronuclei formation, chromosomal abnormality frequencies, tail DNA percentage, proline amount, lipid peroxidation level and meristematic damage severity. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase also increased. Chromosomal aberrations induced by MnCl2were fragment, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin and bridge. Application of 250 mg/L Mox and 500 mg/L Mox along with MnCl2significantly alleviated adverse effects dose dependently. The antioxidant activity bestowed by the phenolic compounds in Mox assisted the organism to combat MnCl2toxicity. Consequently, Mox exerted remarkable protection against MnCl2toxicity and it needs to be investigated further as a potential therapeutic option.
A chromosome-scale assembly of the quinoa genome provides insights into the structure and dynamics of its subgenomes
Authors: Rey Elodie , Maughan Peter J. , Maumus Florian , Lewis Daniel , Wilson Leanne , Fuller Juliana , Schmöckel Sandra M. , Jellen Eric N. , Tester Mark , Jarvis David E.
Published: December 2023

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an allotetraploid seed crop with the potential to help address global food security concerns. Genomes have been assembled for four accessions of quinoa; however, all assemblies are fragmented and do not reflect known chromosome biology. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo Hi-C data to produce a chromosome-scale assembly of the Chilean accession PI 614886 (QQ74). The final assembly spans 1.326 Gb, of which 90.5% is assembled into 18 chromosome-scale scaffolds. The genome is annotated with 54,499 protein-coding genes, 96.9% of which are located on the 18 largest scaffolds. We also report an updated genome assembly for the B-genome diploid C. suecicum and use it, together with the A-genome diploid C. pallidicaule, to identify genomic rearrangements within the quinoa genome, including a large pericentromeric inversion representing 71.7% of chromosome Cq3B. Repetitive sequences comprise 65.2%, 48.6%, and 57.9% of the quinoa, C. pallidicaule, and C. suecicum genomes, respectively. Evidence suggests that the B subgenome is more dynamic and has expanded more than the A subgenome. These genomic resources will enable more accurate assessments of genome evolution within the Amaranthaceae and will facilitate future efforts to identify variation in genes underlying important agronomic traits in quinoa.
COVID-19 and influenza infections mediate distinct pulmonary cellular and transcriptomic changes
Authors: Wang Chenxiao , Khatun Mst Shamima , Zhang Zhe , Allen Michaela J. , Chen Zheng , Ellsworth Calder R. , Currey Joshua M. , Dai Guixiang , Tian Di , Bach Konrad , Yin Xiao-Ming , Traina-Dorge Vicki , Rappaport Jay , Maness Nicholas J. , Blair Robert V. , Kolls Jay K. , Pociask Derek A. , Qin Xuebin
Published: December 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause persistent respiratory sequelae. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that sub-lethally infected K18-human ACE2 mice show patchy pneumonia associated with histiocytic inflammation and collagen deposition at 21 and 45 days post infection (DPI). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that compared to influenza-infected mice, SARS-CoV-2-infected mice had reduced interferon-gamma/alpha responses at 4 DPI and failed to induce keratin 5 (Krt5) at 6 DPI in lung, a marker of nascent pulmonary progenitor cells. Histologically, influenza- but not SARS-CoV-2-infected mice showed extensive Krt5+ “pods” structure co-stained with stem cell markers Trp63/NGFR proliferated in the pulmonary consolidation area at both 7 and 14 DPI, with regression at 21 DPI. These Krt5+ “pods” structures were not observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans or nonhuman primates. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection fails to induce nascent Krt5+ cell proliferation in consolidated regions, leading to incomplete repair of the injured lung.
Utility of smart watches for identifying arrhythmias in children
Authors: Zahedivash Aydin , Chubb Henry , Giacone Heather , Boramanand Nicole K. , Dubin Anne M. , Trela Anthony , Lencioni Erin , Motonaga Kara S. , Goodyer William , Navarre Brittany , Ravi Vishnu , Schmiedmayer Paul , Bikia Vasiliki , Aalami Oliver , Ling Xuefeng B. , Perez Marco , Ceresnak Scott R.
Published: December 2023

Background

Arrhythmia symptoms are frequent complaints in children and often require a pediatric cardiology evaluation. Data regarding the clinical utility of wearable technologies are limited in children. We hypothesize that an Apple Watch can capture arrhythmias in children.

Methods

We present an analysis of patients ≤18 years-of-age who had signs of an arrhythmia documented by an Apple Watch. We include patients evaluated at our center over a 4-year-period and highlight those receiving a formal arrhythmia diagnosis. We evaluate the role of the Apple Watch in arrhythmia diagnosis, the results of other ambulatory cardiac monitoring studies, and findings of any EP studies.

Results

We identify 145 electronic-medical-record identifications of Apple Watch, and find arrhythmias confirmed in 41 patients (28%) [mean age 13.8 ± 3.2 years]. The arrythmias include: 36 SVT (88%), 3 VT (7%), 1 heart block (2.5%) and wide 1 complex tachycardia (2.5%). We show that invasive EP study confirmed diagnosis in 34 of the 36 patients (94%) with SVT (2 non-inducible). We find that the Apple Watch helped prompt a workup resulting in a new arrhythmia diagnosis for 29 patients (71%). We note traditional ambulatory cardiac monitors were worn by 35 patients (85%), which did not detect arrhythmias in 10 patients (29%). In 73 patients who used an Apple Watch for recreational or self-directed heart rate monitoring, 18 (25%) sought care due to device findings without any arrhythmias identified.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that the Apple Watch can record arrhythmia events in children, including events not identified on traditionally used ambulatory monitors.
Off-resonant detection of domain wall oscillations using deterministically placed nanodiamonds
Authors: Rable Jeffrey , Dwivedi Jyotirmay , Samarth Nitin
Published: December 2023

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond offer a sensitive method of measuring the spatially localized dynamics of magnetization and associated spin textures in ferromagnetic materials. We use NV centers in a deterministically positioned nanodiamond to demonstrate off-resonant detection of microwave field-driven GHz-scale oscillations of a single domain wall (DW). The technique exploits the enhanced relaxation of NV center spins due to the broadband stray field noise generated by an oscillating DW pinned at an engineered defect in a lithographically patterned ferromagnetic nanowire. Discrepancies between the observed DW oscillation frequency and predictions from micromagnetic simulations suggest extreme sensitivity of DW dynamics to patterning imperfections such as edge roughness. These experiments and simulations identify potential pathways toward quantum spintronic devices that exploit current-driven DWs as nanoscale microwave generators for qubit control, greatly increasing the driving field at an NV center and thus drastically reducing the π pulse time.
The potential role of early life feeding patterns in shaping the infant fecal metabolome: implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Chalifour Bridget , Holzhausen Elizabeth A. , Lim Joseph J. , Yeo Emily N. , Shen Natalie , Jones Dean P. , Peterson Bradley S. , Goran Michael I. , Liang Donghai , Alderete Tanya L.
Published: December 2023

Infant fecal metabolomics can provide valuable insights into the associations of nutrition, dietary patterns, and health outcomes in early life. Breastmilk is typically classified as the best source of nutrition for nearly all infants. However, exclusive breastfeeding may not always be possible for all infants. This study aimed to characterize associations between levels of mixed breastfeeding and formula feeding, along with solid food consumption and the infant fecal metabolome at 1- and 6-months of age. As a secondary aim, we examined how feeding-associated metabolites may be associated with early life neurodevelopmental outcomes. Fecal samples were collected at 1- and 6-months, and metabolic features were assessed via untargeted liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Feeding groups were defined at 1-month as 1) exclusively breastfed, 2) breastfed >50% of feedings, or 3) formula fed ≥50% of feedings. Six-month groups were defined as majority breastmilk (>50%) or majority formula fed (≥50%) complemented by solid foods. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years. Changes in the infant fecal metabolome were associated with feeding patterns at 1- and 6-months. Feeding patterns were associated with the intensities of a total of 57 fecal metabolites at 1-month and 25 metabolites at 6-months, which were either associated with increased breastmilk or increased formula feeding. Most breastmilk-associated metabolites, which are involved in lipid metabolism and cellular processes like cell signaling, were associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores, while formula-associated metabolites were associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores. These findings offer preliminary evidence that feeding patterns are associated with altered infant fecal metabolomes, which may be associated with cognitive development later in life.
Cartilage regeneration using transforming growth factor-beta 3-loaded injectable crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogel
Authors: Lee Ju Hwa , Kim Pil Yun , Pyun Yun Chang , Park Jonggyu , Kang Tae Woong , Seo Jin Sol , Lee Dae Hoon , Khang Gilson
Published: December 2023

An injectable complex using hyaluronic acid gel and TGF-β3 can regenerate cartilage tissues to alleviate cartilage defects. TGF-β3, transforming growth factor-beta 3.
X-ray crystallographic analysis of the antiferromagnetic low-temperature phase of galvinoxyl: investigating magnetic duality in organic radicals
Authors: Suizu Rie , Shuku Yoshiaki , Robert Vincent , Roseiro Pablo , Ben Amor Nadia , Khawar Zain , Robertson Neil , Awaga Kunio
Published: December 2023

Crystal structure of the low-temperature phase of galvinoxyl consists of a radical dimer with a significant overlap between the SOMOs.
Chemdex: quantification and distributions of valence numbers, oxidation numbers, coordination numbers, electron numbers, and covalent bond classes for the elements
Authors: Winter Mark J.
Published: December 2023

Distributions of valence numbers, oxidation numbers, coordination numbers, electron numbers, and MLXZ classes are quantified for elements in their compounds and consequences discussed for the periodic table.
Economics and global warming potential of a commercial-scale delignifying biorefinery based on co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation to produce alcohols, sustainable aviation fuels, and co-products from biomass
Authors: Klein Bruno Colling , Scheidemantle Brent , Hanes Rebecca J. , Bartling Andrew W. , Grundl Nicholas J. , Clark Robin J. , Biddy Mary J. , Tao Ling , Trinh Cong T. , Guss Adam M. , Wyman Charles E. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Webb Erin G. , Davison Brian H. , Cai Charles M.
Published: December 2023

First-of-its-kind effort to understand full-scale multi-product biorefineries established upon co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) from an economic and environmental standpoint.
Aerobic denitrification with an electrode as the sole electron and energy source
Authors: Rodríguez Simón Carlos Norberto , Pedetta Andrea , Busalmen Juan Pablo , Bonanni Sebastián
Published: December 2023

In the lack of organic carbon sources, with an electrode as electron donor aerobic denitrification yields higher current production and faster nitrate removal than anaerobic denitrification.
Topological data analysis enhanced prediction of hydrogen storage in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Shekhar Shivanshu , Chowdhury Chandra
Published: December 2023

Machine learning model has been developed for the prediction of hydrogen storage capacity of MOFs. To account the complex structure of MOFs, persistent homology is used.
1-Benzylindoles as inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α: synthesis, biological activity, aqueous solubility, and cell permeability
Authors: Meyer zu Vilsendorf Imke , Einerhand Judith , Mulac Dennis , Langer Klaus , Lehr Matthias
Published: December 2023

Systematic structural variation of the cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) inhibitor 7, recently found in a ligand-based virtual screening approach, led to the 1-benzylindole derivative 122, which was about 300 times more potent than 7.
Visualization of the structural transformation of NiO/YSZ/BZY nanocomposite particles using in situ gas environmental transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Liu Zheng , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2023

In situ gas ETEM reveals the transformation of NiO nanoparticles on the NiO/YSZ/BZY shell into Ni particles during heat treatments in H2 gas. Ni migrated along composite particle surfaces, causing agglomeration in interparticle spaces.
3D mixed ion/electron-conducting scaffolds for stable sodium metal anodes
Authors: Lu Xuan , Zhao Xiuxia , Ding Shujiang , Hu Xiaofei
Published: December 2023

This review highlights advances in 3D MIEC scaffolds for Na metal anodes. It delves into the regulation of Na deposition behaviors, the improved kinetics, and the pivotal role of MIEC scaffolds in stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interface.
Azide-free cyclization reaction access to 4-aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles: P-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and sulfamic acid as nitrogen sources
Authors: Li Min , Wan Qing-Yu , Lin Ri-Lan , Peng Yan-Qing , Shu Wen-Ming , Yu Wei-Chu , Wu An-Xin
Published: December 2023

A molecular-iodine mediated azide-free multicomponent cyclization reaction leading to NH-1,2,3-triazoles from acetophenones, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, and sulfamic acid. This reaction offers a safe metal- and azide-free strategy to triazoles.
Iodine catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives and their anticancer activity
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rajavenkatesh , Anaikutti Parthiban
Published: December 2023

Herein, we present the iodine catalyzed an efficient synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine and pyridine derivatives and studied their anticancer activities against in vitro cancer cell lines namely, Hep-2, HepG2, MCF-7, and A375.
An anti-freeze fluorescent organogel with rapid shape-forming properties for constructing artificial light harvesting systems used in extremely cold environments
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Tang Jiahong , Ren Tianqi , Zhang Jiali , Wei Jiuzhi , Liang Yuehua , Zhang Juan , Feng Enke , Han Xinning
Published: December 2023

A new anti-freeze (−50 °C) fluorescent organogel with rapid shape-forming (2 h) is synthesised. This organogel can construct two artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHS) used in extremely cold environments with fluorescent dyes SR101 and R6G.
Evolving sustainable energy technologies and assessments through global research networks: advancing the role of blue hydrogen for a cleaner future
Authors: Cavalcante Israel Oliveira , Simão Neto Francisco , Sousa Patrick da Silva , Aires Francisco Izaias da Silva , Dari Dayana Nascimento , Chaves de Lima Rita Karolinny , dos Santos José C. S.
Published: December 2023

Unveiling the potential of blue hydrogen: empowering global research networks for a sustainable energy evolution.
Tetradecahedral Cu@Ag core–shell powder with high solid-state dewetting and oxidation resistance for low-temperature conductive paste
Authors: Zeng Yulian , Zou Shuai , Chen Zhenzhen , Lu Zheng , Ni Mengfei , Peng Chen-Wei , Wang Zipeng , Sun Hua , Zhang Xiaohong , Su Xiaodong
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate a novel tetradecahedral Cu@Ag core–shell powder with large Ag shell grains, which has better solid-state dewetting resistance, oxidation resistance and conductivity compared to conventional spherical Cu@Ag core–shell powder.
Sequence-dependent self-assembly of supramolecular nanofibers in periodic dynamic block copolymers
Authors: Phong Jason K. , Cooper Christopher B. , Michalek Lukas , Lin Yangju , Nishio Yuya , Shi Yuran , Gong Huaxin , Vigil Julian A. , Ilavsky Jan , Kuzmenko Ivan , Bao Zhenan
Published: December 2023

Periodic dynamic block copolymers self-assemble into high aspect ratio nanofibers with well-ordered PEG and PDMS domains for ion transport.
Optimizing CO2 photoreduction on bismuth oxyhalides via intrinsic and extrinsic techniques
Authors: Shahid Malik Zeeshan , Chen Zhihao , Mehmood Rashid , Zhang Meng , Pan Danrui , Xu Shishun , Farooq Umar , Idris Ahmed Mahmoud , Li Zhengquan
Published: December 2023

Intrinsic and extrinsic techniques that have been applied to BiOX photocatalysts for optimizing CO2 photoreduction are concisely summarized.
An artificial protein cage made from a 12-membered ring
Authors: Stupka Izabela , Biela Artur P. , Piette Bernard , Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Majsterkiewicz Karolina , Borzęcka-Solarz Kinga , Naskalska Antonina , Heddle Jonathan G.
Published: December 2023

Changing the symmetry of the constituent ring-shaped building block of an artificial cage.
First-principles study of the effect of O and S functional groups on the lithium storage properties of Zr2N materials
Authors: Lu Xuefeng , Qi Jupeng , Ren Junqiang , Li Junchen , Xue Hongtao , Tang Fuling , Guo Xin
Published: December 2023

This paper constructs a single O and S functionalized Zr2N model for surface levelling and at the same time a series of bifunctional models with different functional group ratios and distributions.
Conducting polymer films and bioelectrodes combining high adhesion and electro-mechanical self-healing
Authors: Zhou Xin , Kateb Pierre , Fan Jiaxin , Kim Jinsil , Lodygensky Gregory A. , Amilhon Bénédicte , Pasini Damiano , Cicoira Fabio
Published: December 2023

Soft PEDOT/EG/TA films exhibited a low Young's modulus of ~450 kPa, high adhesion, stretchability of ~90% strain, and outstanding self-healing ability. Epidermal electrodes prepared using these films showed high-quality ECG and EMG signal recordings.
Signaling mechanisms that direct cell fate specification and morphogenesis in human embryonic stem cells-based models of human gastrulation
Authors: Stringa Blerta , Solnica-Krezel Lilianna
Published: December 2023

During mammalian gastrulation, a mass of pluripotent cells surrounded by extraembryonic tissues differentiates into germ layers, mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm. The three germ layers are then organized into a body plan with organ rudiments via morphogenetic gastrulation movements of emboly, epiboly, convergence, and extension. Emboly is the most conserved gastrulation movement, whereby mesodermal and endodermal progenitors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and move via a blastopore/primitive streak beneath the ectoderm. Decades of embryologic, genetic, and molecular studies in invertebrates and vertebrates, delineated a BMP > WNT > NODAL signaling cascade underlying mesoderm and endoderm specification. Advances have been made in the research animals in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gastrulation morphogenesis. In contrast, little is known about human gastrulation, which occurs in utero during the third week of gestation and its investigations face ethical and methodological limitations. This is changing with the unprecedented progress in modeling aspects of human development, using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (hESC)-based embryo-like models (SCEMs). In one approach, hESCs of various pluripotency are aggregated to self-assemble into structures that resemble pre-implantation or post-implantation embryo-like structures that progress to early gastrulation, and some even reach segmentation and neurulation stages. Another approach entails coaxing hESCs with biochemical signals to generate germ layers and model aspects of gastrulation morphogenesis, such as EMT. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding signaling cascades that direct germ layers specification and the early stages of gastrulation morphogenesis in these models. We discuss outstanding questions, challenges, and opportunities for this promising area of developmental biology.
Empowering photovoltaic power generation with edge computing: A recognition and location approach for hot spot
Authors: Cao Shenglei , Wang Yashun , Wang Zun , Guan Rongqiang , Ding Liyuan , Lv Yuze
Published: December 2023

The presented paper proposes a photovoltaic module hot spot detection algorithm based on YOLOv8‐BCB. The algorithm addresses issues such as component efficiency degradation and poor contact in long‐term operation of PV systems, with a focus on the hot spot effect’. To achieve rapid detection and localization of small targets in complex scenes, the algorithm incorporates the Weighted Bi‐directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) into YOLOv8. Additionally, a lightweight upsampling operator called Content‐Aware ReAssembly of FEatures (CARAFE) is used to reduce the detection load on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection system. The BiFormer attention mechanism is also integrated into the C2f module to better capture dependencies between sequences and reduce background interference. To highlight the superiority of the authors’ algorithm compared to other high‐quality algorithms, the authors conducted comparative experiments on the same dataset. The YOLOv8‐BCB algorithm surpasses the SSD, faster‐cnn, and RetinaNet algorithms in both accuracy and detection speed. It achieves a precision of 97.1% and a recall rate of 94.9%, with an FPS of 110. The result is a target detection algorithm that is both fast and accurate.
SECANet: A structure‐enhanced attention network with dual‐domain contrastive learning for scene text image super‐resolution
Authors: He Xin , Zhang Kaibing , Zhang Yuhong , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2023

In this letter, we developed novel Structure Enhanced Channel Attention Network (SECANet) for scene text image super‐resolution (STISR). The newly proposed SECANet integrates a group of Structure‐Enhanced Attention Modules to focus more on both local and global structural features in the character regions of text images. Moreover, we elaborately formulate a Dual‐Domain Contrastive Learning framework that integrates one pixel‐level contrastive loss and the other semantic‐level contrastive loss to jointly optimize the SECANet for generating more visually pleasing yet better recognizable high‐quality SR images without introducing any additional prior generators in both the training and testing stages, showing promising computational efficiency. Experimental results on the Textzoom dataset indicate that our method can achieve both decent performance in super‐resolving more impressive scene text images from low‐resolution ones and better recognition accuracy than other competitors.
Ground fault identification and location of autotransformer traction network for high‐speed railway based on multi‐terminals synchronous measure information
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Qunzhan , Han Jiadong , Chen Minwu , Sun Zhongrui
Published: December 2023

With the rapid development of high‐speed railway, the auto‐transformer traction network (ATN) is also expanding. However, due to the improved performance of electric multiple units (EMUs) and the non‐linear relationship between impedance and ground fault distance, distance protection has limited coverage and cannot accurately locate the fault distance by measuring impedance. This paper presents a model of the ATN considering the presence of EMUs, which effectively demonstrates the characteristics of current distribution under the ground faults. Furthermore, a ground fault identification method based on multi‐terminal currents is proposed to enhance the accuracy of fault identification and differentiate faults and EMUs. The mapping relationship between current distribution and fault location is derived, and an accurate fault location method is proposed. Compared to existing methods, this method is not affected by EMUs and AT parameters. The fault identification and location scheme for ATN employs multi‐terminal synchronous information. Finally, through simulation and experimental setups, case studies have been conducted to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method in various fault scenarios. Certainly, this research has significant application prospects in fault analysis and detection for HSR.
Stochastic performance analysis of a time‐of‐arrival quantum random number generator
Authors: Schranz Ágoston , Solymos Balázs , Telek Miklós
Published: December 2023

The performance analysis of a quantum random number generator (QRNG), operating based on the interarrival time differences between consecutive photon detections from a coherent light source, is presented. The proposed analysis approach accurately takes into account the physical properties of the single‐photon detection systems, such as discretised time measurement, the correlations induced by the asynchronous arrival of photons with respect to the time resolution grid, and the dead time after observations and provides the QRNG's relevant performance measures, such as the joint distribution of bits, lag‐r correlations, the bit generation overhead and the bit generation time. Analysis results are verified by computer simulations.
A soft and transient ultraluminous X-ray source with six-hour modulation in the NGC 300 galaxy
Authors: Sacchi A. , Esposito P. , de Martino D. , Soria R. , Israel G. L. , Sander A. A. C. , Sidoli L. , Buckley D. A. H. , Monageng I. M. , Tiengo A. , Arca Sedda M. , Pinto C. , Di Stefano R. , Imbrogno M. , Carleo A. , Rivolta G.
Published: December 2023

We investigate the nature of CXOU J005440.5−374320 (J0054), a peculiar bright (∼4 × 1039 erg s−1) and soft X-ray transient in the spiral galaxy NGC 300 with a six-hour periodic flux modulation that was detected in a 2014 Chandra observation. Subsequent observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton, as well as a large observational campaign of NGC 300 and its sources performed with the Swift Neil Gehrels Observatory, showed that this source exhibits recurrent flaring activity: four other outbursts were detected across ∼8 years of monitoring. Using data from the Swift/UVOT archive and from the XMM-Newton/OM and Gaia catalogues, we determined that the source is likely associated with a bright blue optical/ultraviolet counterpart. This prompted us to perform follow-up observations with the Southern African Large Telescope in December 2019. With the multi-wavelength information at hand, we discuss several possibilities for the nature of J0054. Although none is able to account for the full range of the observed peculiar features, we found that the two most promising scenarios are a stellar-mass compact object in a binary system with a Wolf–Rayet star companion, or the recurrent tidal stripping of a stellar object trapped in a system with an intermediate-mass (∼1000 M⊙) black hole.
Self-consistent modeling of metastable helium exoplanet transits
Authors: Biassoni Federico , Caldiroli Andrea , Gallo Elena , Haardt Francesco , Spinelli Riccardo , Borsa Francesco
Published: December 2023

Absorption of stellar X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation in the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets can give rise to hydrodynamic outflows, which may lead to the gradual shedding of their primordial light element envelopes. Excess absorption by neutral helium atoms in the metastable 2 3S state [He I(2 3S)], at ~10 830 Å, has recently emerged as a viable diagnostic of atmospheric escape. Here we present a public add-on module to the 1D photoionization hydrodynamic code ATES, designed to calculate the He I(2 3S) transmission probability for a broad range of planetary parameters. By relaxing the isothermal outflow assumption, the code enables a self-consistent assessment of the He I(2 3S) absorption depth along with the atmospheric mass-loss rate and the outflow temperature profile, which strongly affects the recombination rate of He II into He I(2 3S). We investigate how the transit signal can be expected to depend upon known system parameters, including host spectral type, orbital distance, and planet gravity. At variance with previous studies, which identified K-type stars as favorable hosts, we conclude that late M dwarfs with Neptune-sized planets orbiting at ~0.05–0.1 AU can be expected to yield the strongest transit signal, well in excess of 30% for near-cosmological He-to-H abundances. More generally, we show that the physics that regulates the population and depletion of the metastable state, combined with geometrical effects, can yield somewhat counterintuitive results, such as a nonmonotonic dependence of the transit depth on orbital distance. These are compounded by a strong degeneracy between the stellar EUV flux intensity and the atmospheric He-to-H abundance, both of which are highly uncertain. Compared with spectroscopy data, now available for over 40 systems, our modeling suggests either that a large fraction of the targets have helium-depleted envelopes or that the input stellar EUV spectra are systematically overestimated. The updated code and transmission probability module are available publicly as an online repository.
The bouncing barrier revisited: Impact on key planet formation processes and observational signatures
Authors: Dominik C. , Dullemond C. P.
Published: December 2023

Context. A leading paradigm in planet formation is currently the streaming instability and pebble accretion scenario. Notably, dust must grow into sizes in a specific regime of Stokes numbers in order to make the processes in the scenario viable and sufficiently effective. The dust growth models currently in use do not implement some of the growth barriers suggested to be relevant in the literature.

Aims. We investigate if the bouncing barrier, when effective, has an impact on the timescales and efficiencies of processes such as the streaming instability and pebble accretion as well as on the observational appearance of planet-forming disks.

Methods. We implemented a formalism for the bouncing barrier into the publicly available dust growth model DustPy and ran a series of models to understand the impact.

Results. We found that the bouncing barrier has a significant effect on the dust evolution in planet-forming disks. In many cases, it reduces the size of the typical or largest particles available in the disk; it produces a very narrow, almost monodisperse, size distribution; and it removes most μm-sized grains in the process, with an impact on scattered light images. It modifies the settling and therefore the effectiveness of and timescales for the streaming instability and for pebble accretion. An active bouncing barrier may well have observational consequences: It may reduce the strength of the signatures of small particles (e.g., the 10 μm silicate feature), and it may create additional shadowed regions visible in scattered light images.

Conclusions. Modeling of planet formation that leans heavily on the streaming instability and on pebble accretion should take the bouncing barrier into account. The complete removal of small grains in our model is not consistent with observations. However, this could be resolved by incomplete vertical mixing or some level of erosion in collisions.
JWST detection of extremely excited outflowing CO and H2O in VV 114 E SW: A possible rapidly accreting IMBH
Authors: González-Alfonso Eduardo , García-Bernete Ismael , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Neufeld David A. , Fischer Jacqueline , Donnan Fergus R.
Published: December 2023

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) gas-phase molecular bands are powerful diagnostics of the warm interstellar medium. We report theJames WebbSpace Telescope detection of the COv = 1 − 0 (4.4 − 5.0 μm) and H2Oν2 = 1 − 0 (5.0 − 7.8 μm) ro-vibrational bands, both in absorption, toward the “s2” core in the southwest nucleus of the merging galaxy VV 114 E. All ro-vibrational CO lines up toJlow = 33 (Elow ≈ 3000 K) are detected, as well as a forest of H2O lines up to 130, 13(Elow ≈ 2600 K). The highest-excitation lines are blueshifted by ∼180 km s−1relative to the extended molecular cloud, which is traced by the rotational CO (J = 3 − 2) 346 GHz line observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The bands also show absorption in a low-velocity component (blueshifted by ≈30 km s−1) with lower excitation. The analysis shows that the bands are observed against a continuum with an effective temperature ofTbck ∼ 550 K extinguished withτ6 μmext ∼ 2.5−3(Ak ∼ 6.9 − 8.3 mag). The high-excitation CO and H2O lines are consistent withv = 0 thermalization withTrot ≈ 450 K and column densities ofNCO ≈ (1.7 − 3.5)×1019cm−2andNH2O ≈ (1.5 − 3.0)×1019cm−2. Thermalization of thev = 0 levels of H2O requires either an extreme density ofnH2 ≳ 109cm−3, or radiative excitation by the mid-IR field in a very compact (< 1 pc) optically thick source emitting ∼1010 L⊙. The latter alternative is favored, implying that the observed absorption probes the very early stages of a fully enshrouded active black hole (BH). On the basis of a simple model for BH growth and applying a lifetime constraint to the s2 core, an intermediate-mass BH (IMBH,MBH ∼ 4.5 × 104 M⊙) accreting at super-Eddington rates is suggested, where the observed feedback has not yet been able to break through the natal cocoon.
Optimizing carrot slices drying: A comprehensive study of combined microwave and convective drying
Authors: Petković Marko , Lukyanov Alexander , Rudoy Dmitry , Miletić Nemanja , Filipović Vladimir , Zhuravleva Valeria
Published: December 2023

The integration of both microwave and conventional convective drying techniques (MCD) has notably boosted the efficiency and effectiveness of carrot slice drying. This combination has led to improvements in energy utilization without harmful influence on the quality of the dried carrots. The shortest dehydration time (20 ± 1 min) and the lowest energy consumption (0.220 ± 0.011 kWh), as well as the lowest water holding capacity (705.88 ± 4.97 g H20 g dm-1), had the model of carrot slices dried on 15 seconds of microwave drying on 900W, and 7 seconds of convective drying on 180 °C. The color modification, particularly the change in pigment concentration from its natural state in fresh carrots, was a result of employing the MCD method. The drying time had no impact on color pigment characteristics, unlike the energy model. The values of red, gree and blue color are the highest for the of carrot slices dried on 9 seconds of microwave drying on 900W, and 12 seconds of convective drying on 200°C.
Digital activity and literacy of youth in Tatarstan: Digitalisation prospects the regional socio-economic development
Authors: Glebova Irina , Alhasov Zapir , Zakirov Ayaz
Published: December 2023

The study of digital activity and literacy of young people in the Republic of Tatarstan is based on the sociological analysis of Internet activity. The results revealed a high level of digital activity, but also noted a gap between this activity and self-assessed literacy. Young people show interest in various online spheres, with high competence in digital communication and content creation. However, the importance of improving digital security knowledge is emphasised. The findings could be key for the development of educational programmes, promoting the safe use of digital technologies in everyday life and relevant to interests in environment, energy and land sciences.
GVCs in times of global crises and economic regionalization: Case of Russian oil and gas industry
Authors: Ermolaeva Liubov , Fedoritenko Iuliia
Published: December 2023

The traditional global value chains (GVCs) model is changing, which challenges the strategic decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Due to the increased uncertainty in the system of international economic relations, GVCs tend to shorten, and this is an additional risk for emerging markets MNEs in the context of adjusting their integration strategies into GVCs. Deglobalization and regionalization became a new global trend. States that cannot solve the problems of partial localization and control of chains vital to their economy are doomed to a new crisis in the foreseeable future. As the global economy returns to the indicators of 2019 for quite a long time, the processes of deglobalization, regional autarky, and national isolation will continue. For Russia and the Russian MNEs, the situation is aggravated by the presence of sanctions from the EU and the United States, as well as the difficult geopolitical situation around Ukraine. The unprecedented turbulence of global political and socio-economic processes in the current period creates significant risks for sustainable development. This study examines and discusses the influence of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the geopolitical crisis of 2022 on GVCs strategies in the cases of Russian vertically integrated oil and gas companies such as Gazprom, LUKOIL and Rosneft.
Green crowdfunding and its place in the development of the ESG institute in Russia
Authors: Daroshka Vitali , Aleksandrov Igor , Trushkin Vyacheslav , Chekhovskikh Irina , Terentyev Alexey , Ol Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

The history of banks' involvement in solving the issues of sustainable development of the society is, on the one hand, short by the standards of economic history, and on the other hand, bright and ambiguous. This is explained by the strategic goal of the banking institution functioning - ensuring a stable turnover of financial resources in the socio-economic system of the country and building up financial capital. It is the latter component that caused the interest of the market and state regulators in the possibility of attracting banks' capital to finance so-called "green projects" aimed at solving local or global environmental problems of mankind. Today, the strategic agenda of more and more banks includes various elements of ESG-methodology of responsible corporate behavior, implemented in the form of corporate social policy (mainly focused on the bank's staff and its clients) and a portfolio of "green investments" - a group of projects that are mainly socially-oriented or infrastructural in nature. The purpose of such responsible investment is both to solve specific socially or environmentally important tasks and to strengthen the market position of the bank-investor itself, which forms a positive image in the eyes of its key stakeholders and improves the rating position of investment attractiveness both domestically and in international rankings compiled by reputable analytical agencies, such as S&P, Moody's Investors, and Fitch Ratings.
Organisational and methodological support of integrated reporting to disclose non-financial information in conditions of sustainable development
Authors: Ordov Konstantin , Kovalenko Svetlana , Kovalenko Yulia
Published: December 2023

The improvement in the disclosure of financial and non-financial information in most cases is provoked by the desire of the international professional community to develop fundamentally new scientifically sound, but at the same time aimed at applying the provisions of international standardization, requirements that would contribute to increasing informativeness in the context of non-financial data disclosed in integrated reporting. In this regard, this study addresses the issues of organizational and methodological support for the formation of integrated reporting in terms of its filling with information. The purpose of the study is the formation of organisational and methodological approaches to ensure integrated reporting in order to disclose non-financial information in conditions of sustainable development. Organisational approaches to ensuring the formation of integrated reporting in terms of non-financial information are defined. The definition of a "system" is given in the context of a set of consistently implemented actions, on the basis of which non-financial data is transformed into a certain kind of information. The basic provisions of the systematic approach in the preparation and disclosure of information of various kinds are described. The procedures forming the whole system of preparation of non-financial information for disclosure in integrated reporting are given. The corresponding methodological support is proposed for the purpose of preparing and implementing high-quality non-financial information in the integrated reporting system. An assessment is made of studies of types of capital for the purpose of disclosure in the type of reporting under consideration.
Using the factor graph to evaluate the quality of output data
Authors: Kamaletdinov Sh.Sh. , Aripov N.M. , Bashirova A.M. , Akhmedova M.D. , Tokhtakhodjayeva M.M.
Published: December 2023

Assessing the quality of automated systems is a very difficult task. This article uses a factor graph and a message passing algorithm to evaluate the quality of the output of the automated local work management system (ALWMS). The proposed evaluation method makes it possible to take into account the impact of each element of the system on the output data.