bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Understandability of Design-Level Security Practices in Infrastructure-as-Code Scripts and Deployment Architectures
Authors: Ntentos Evangelos , Lueger Nicole Elisabeth , Simhandl Georg , Zdun Uwe , Schneider Simon , Scandariato Riccardo , Díaz Ferreyra Nicolás E.
Published: September 2024

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) automates IT infrastructure deployment, which is particularly beneficial for continuous releases, for instance, in the context of microservices and cloud systems. Despite its flexibility in application architecture, neglecting security can lead to vulnerabilities. The lack of comprehensive architectural security guidelines for IaC poses challenges in adhering to best practices. We studied how developers interpret IaC scripts (source code) in two IaC technologies, Ansible and Terraform, compared to semi-formal IaC deployment architecture models and metrics regarding design-level security understanding. In a controlled experiment involving ninety-four participants, we assessed the understandability of IaC-based deployment architectures through source code inspection compared to semi-formal representations in models and metrics.

We hypothesized that providing semi-formal IaC deployment architecture models and metrics as supplementary material would significantly improve the comprehension of IaC security-related practices, as measured by task
correctness
. Our findings suggest that semi-formal IaC deployment architecture models and metrics as supplementary material enhance the understandability of IaC security-related practices without significantly increasing
duration
. We also observed a significant correlation between task
correctness
and
duration
when models and metrics were provided.
STORM: A MapReduce Framework for Symbolic Time Intervals Series Classification
Authors: Harel Omer David , Moskovitch Robert
Published: September 2024

Symbolic Time Intervals (STIs)
represent events having a non-zero time duration, which are common in various application domains. In this article, we focus on the challenge of STIs series classification (STIC). While in the related problem of time series classification (TSC) Rocket is well-known for its exceptionally fast runtime while achieving accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art, it has only recently been studied in the field of STIC. However, since Rocket as well as its enhanced variants for TSC (e.g., MiniRocket and MultiRocket) solely rely on global features, they might not always fit best for the classification of thousands of time-units long STI series out-of-the-box, which are rather common in STIC. We introduce STORM—a novel, generic MapReduce framework for STIC, which (1) converts raw input STIs series into multivariate time series (MTS) representation; (2) partitions the converted MTS into fixed-sized blocks, each transformed independently into a uniform latent space via a common, desired Rocket variant used as a base transformation in STORM; and (3) performs sequence classification of the blocks’ transformed feature vectors via a deep, lightweight, bidirectional LSTM network. The evaluation demonstrates that STORM significantly improves accuracy over eight state-of-the-art methods for STIC either when applied with MiniRocket and MultiRocket as base transformations, as well as over the baselines of applying the respective Rocket variants directly to the converted MTS representation, that is, while also reporting overall comparable training times, on a benchmark of eight real-world STIC datasets including both extremely long and short STIs series.
Category-Level Pose Estimation and Iterative Refinement for Monocular RGB-D Image
Authors: Bao Yongtang , Su Chunjian , Qi Yutong , Geng Yanbing , Li Haojie
Published: September 2024

Category-level pose estimation is proposed to predict the 6D pose of objects under a specific category and has wide applications in fields such as robotics, virtual reality, and autonomous driving. With the development of VR/AR technology, pose estimation has gradually become a research hotspot in 3D scene understanding. However, most methods fail to fully utilize geometric and color information to solve intra-class shape variations, which leads to inaccurate prediction results. To solve the above problems, we propose a novel pose estimation and iterative refinement network, use an attention mechanism to fuse multi-modal information to obtain color features after a coordinate transformation, and design iterative modules to ensure the accuracy of object geometric features. Specifically, we use an encoder-decoder architecture to implicitly generate a coarse-grained initial pose and refine it through an iterative refinement module. In addition, due to the differences between rotation and position estimation, we design a multi-head pose decoder that utilizes the local geometry and global features. Finally, we design a transformer-based coordinate transformation attention module to extract pose-sensitive features from RGB images and supervise color information by correlating point cloud features in different coordinate systems. We train and test our network on the synthetic dataset CAMERA25 and the real dataset REAL275. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple evaluation metrics.
Neurocognitive Aging
Authors: Cox Simon R.
Published: September 2024

On average, most aspects of adult human brains and cognitive functions experience decline with age, yet individuals also differ greatly in how much decline they experience. This review surveys the state of the art in neurocognitive aging research and our progress toward understanding brain and cognitive aging. It covers the empirical evidence that characterizes their respective mean changes with age before highlighting the substantial and important heterogeneity in how severely people experience aging. It then discusses major neurocognitive aging theories and current supporting evidence alongside methodological and conceptual caveats, including those arising from the replication crisis. This review concludes by using a systems biology schema to survey newer areas of research and future opportunities that will serve to narrow the gaps between biological levels of explanation, furthering our understanding of mechanisms, the stratification of risk, and ameliorative strategies.
Prenatal Stress and Maternal Role in Neurodevelopment
Authors: Thomason Moriah E. , Hendrix Cassandra L.
Published: September 2024

This review summarizes recent findings on stress-related programming of brain development in utero, with an emphasis on situating findings within the mothers’ broader psychosocial experiences. Meta-analyses of observational studies on prenatal stress exposure indicate that the direction and size of effects on child neurodevelopment are heterogeneous across studies. Inspired by lifespan and topological frameworks of adversity, we conceptualize individual variation in mothers’ lived experience during and prior to pregnancy as a key determinant of these heterogeneous effects across populations. We structure our review to discuss experiential categories that may uniquely shape the psychological and biological influence of stress on pregnant mothers and their developing children, including current socioeconomic resources, exposure to chronic and traumatic stressors, culture and historical trauma, and the contours of prenatal stress itself. We conclude by identifying next steps that hold potential to meaningfully advance the field of fetal programming.
Uncovering the Multibiome Environmental and Earth System Legacies of Past Human Societies
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Caetano-Andrade Victor L. , Fisher Michael , Hamilton Rebecca , Rudd Rachel , Stokes Freg , Amano Noel , Antonosyan Mariya , Dugmore Andrew , Findley David Max , Freire Verónica Zuccarelli , Furquim Laura Pereira , Fletcher Michael-Shawn , Hambrecht George , Heddell-Stevens Phoebe , Iminjili Victor , Jha Deepak Kumar , Jha Gopesh , Kinyanjui Rahab N. , Maezumi Shira Y. , Morrison Kathleen D. , Renn Jürgen , Stevenson Janelle , Winkelmann Ricarda , Ziegler Michael , Scarborough Vernon L. , White Sam , Degroot Dagomar , Green Adam S. , Isendahl Christian
Published: September 2024

It has been argued that we have now entered the Anthropocene, a proposed epoch in which humans are having a dominant impact on the Earth system. While some geologists have sought to formalize the Anthropocene as beginning in the mid-twentieth century, its social, geophysical, and environmental roots undoubtedly lie deeper in the past. In this review, we highlight the ways in which human activities across the major biomes of our planet significantly altered parts of the Earth system prior to the Industrial Age. We demonstrate ways in which novel, multidisciplinary approaches can provide detailed insights into long-term human–environment–Earth system interactions. We argue that there is clear evidence for lasting Earth system legacies of pre-Industrial human societies and that archaeology, paleoecology, and historical ecology can provide important, practical insights to help navigate current and future relationships with the planet in more equitable and sustainable ways.
Immunoregulation of Liver Fibrosis: New Opportunities for Antifibrotic Therapy
Authors: Gilgenkrantz Helene , Sayegh Rola Al , Lotersztajn Sophie
Published: September 2024

Liver fibrosis develops in response to chronic liver injury and is characterized by a sustained inflammatory response that leads to excessive collagen deposition by myofibroblasts. The fibrogenic response is governed by the release of inflammatory mediators from innate, adaptive, and innate-like lymphoid cells and from nonprofessional immune cells (i.e., epithelial cells, hepatic myofibroblasts, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells). Upon removal of the underlying cause, liver fibrosis can resolve via activation of specific immune cell subsets. Despite major advances in the understanding of fibrosis pathogenesis, there is still no approved antifibrotic therapy. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the immune cell landscape and the inflammatory mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis progression and regression. We discuss how reprogramming immune cell phenotype, in particular through targeting selective inflammatory pathways or modulating cell-intrinsic metabolism, may be translated into antifibrogenic therapies.
Treating Sickle Cell Disease: Gene Therapy Approaches
Authors: Cavazzana Marina , Corsia Alice , Brusson Megane , Miccio Annarita , Semeraro Michaela
Published: September 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin molecules and thus distortion (sickling) of the red blood cells. SCD causes chronic pain and organ damage and shortens life expectancy. Gene therapy emerges as a potentially curative approach for people with SCD who lack a matched sibling donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we review recent progress in gene therapy for SCD and focus on innovative technologies that target the genetic roots of the disease. We also review the challenges associated with gene therapy, including oncogenic risks, and the need for refined delivery methods. Despite these hurdles, the rapidly evolving landscape of gene therapy for SCD raises hope for a paradigm shift in the treatment of this debilitating disease. As research progresses, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved and continuous improvements in gene-editing technologies promise to bring gene therapy for SCD closer to mainstream clinical application, offering a transformative, curative option for patients with this genetic disorder.
A Novel Impedimetric Ethylene Gas Sensor Based on Copper Foam/CuO/SnO2 Nanocomposite
Authors: Yusefi H. , Jannatdoust E. , Kheiri F. , Rezazadeh Bari M. , B. Hushmandi A.
Published: September 2024

Ethylene gas plays a key role in the natural ripening of fruits and vegetables. However, high concentrations of ethylene can reduce the shelf life of the product and exacerbate destructive reactions. Measuring the concentration of ethylene is a powerful method to control the ripening and spoilage of agricultural products. The conventional ethylene detection tools are large and expensive or do not offer sufficient sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, it is important to build small, energy-efficient, low-cost, high-sensitivity ethylene sensors. In this work, CF/CuO/SnO2 nanocomposite was synthesized based on copper oxide nanoclusters by converting copper foam (CF) into tin dioxide/copper oxide (CuO/SnO2) dual-core nano-hybrid using thermal and hydrothermal methods. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing XRD, Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and UV–vis spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize CF/CuO/SnO2 nanocomposites. Parameters affecting sensor performance such as temperature, gas concentration, sensor stability, and sensor selectivity were also explored. The results showed that CF/CuO/SnO2 nanocomposite with a specific surface area of 1.4480 m2 g−1, a sensitivity of 83%, and ethylene concentration of 80 ppm at 150 °C, as an n-p hybrid, can be a suitable sensor for ethylene detection in air.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Modified Biosensor Carbon/Chitosan L-Leucine and Albumin Electrode for Bilirubin and Uric Acid Blood Detection
Authors: El Khamlichi Redouan , Temsamani Khalid Riffi , Sefian Mohammed Lamarti , Kassout Jalal , Boudra Said , Abo El-Yazeed Wafaa S. , Albalwi Hanan , Anouar El Hassane , Khamlichi Lamia-e , Bouchta Dounia
Published: September 2024

Bilirubin (BR) is a yellow-to-orange bile pigment produced by hemoglobin breakdown. It circulates in the blood, is absorbed by the liver, and then conjugated to form bilirubin diglucuronide. Its increased level in serum (Hyperbilirubinemia) may considered as an indication of certain diseases such as neonatal jaundice, hepatitis, and severe liver failure with cirrhosis. Thus, the monitoring of BR in plasma is clinically important. Herein, a novel carbon/chitosan paste electrode modified by L-leucine and Albumin (C/Chi-PL-BSA) is synthesized and tested for electrochemical sensitive determination of BR and Uric Acid. Significate sensitivity and important selectivity in the linear range of 1.00–150.00 μM for BR, and 10.00–600.00 μM for UA were obtained. Moreover, micromolar detection limits of 0.40 μM for BR and 1.00 μM for UA were achieved at pH13. The proposed oxidation mechanisms of BR and UA in alkaline media have been supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/ 6–31 G(d) level of theory. The easy preparation and high reproducibility made this electrode very appropriate in pharmaceutical preparations for the electrochemical determination of BR. Furthermore, Analyses using human serum were performed, demonstrating a high percentage of recovery.
Liver adrenoceptor alpha-1b plays a key role in energy and glucose homeostasis in female mice
Authors: Silva Anisia , Mouchiroud Mathilde , Lavoie Olivier , Beji Sarra , Elmquist Joel K. , Caron Alexandre
Published: September 2024

The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating hepatic physiology and metabolism. However, the identity of the adrenoceptors involved in these effects is still elusive. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we developed a novel transgenic tool to study the role of liver α-1b adrenoceptor (ADRA1B). We show that ADRA1B plays a key role in mediating the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on hepatic metabolism, particularly in female mice.
Hydrolyzed collagen supplementation prior to resistance exercise augments collagen synthesis in a dose-response manner in resistance-trained, middle-aged men
Authors: Nulty Christopher D. , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Dutton John , Dunn Rachel , Fraser William D. , Enright Kevin , Stewart Claire E. , Erskine Robert M.
Published: September 2024

This study is the first to document the dose-response effect of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) ingestion before resistance exercise (RE) on collagen turnover in middle-aged, resistance-trained men. Strikingly, RE alone did not increase collagen synthesis (suggesting connective tissue anabolic resistance), but ingesting 15 g HC rescued the collagen synthesis response and 30 g augmented that response further. These results were associated with the increased bioavailability of collagen amino acids in the blood, which stimulate collagen synthesis.
A Pathway to Corporate Social Responsibility: Contractors’ Major Moves in the Context of Post‐Disaster Reconstruction
Authors: Zheng Hongyan , Chen Chuan , Zhou Wenmei , Zhan Wenting , Tian Jiawei , Martek Igor
Published: September 2024

Numerous studies have explored contractors’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the macro or enterprise levels. Few, however, have considered CSR at the project level or contextualized it in post‐disaster reconstruction (PDR) projects. In the event of a disaster, contractors’ CSR in PDR projects (P‐CSR) is beneficial for facilitating affected citizens in returning to normal life and improving their long‐term disaster resilience. Therefore, this study aims to formulate strategies that promote the implementation of contractors’ P‐CSR. Employing a mixed‐methods research design within the context of Chinese PDR projects, the study identified 32 influencing factors, 24 measures, and 4 strategies. These strategies focus on (1) acquiring effective and efficient national emergency supports, (2) sharpening contractors’ internal capabilities to enhance disaster resilience, (3) valuing contractors’ P‐CSR activities and outcomes, and (4) reducing PDR projects’ constraints and risks. Together, these measures and strategies form a Y‐shaped framework to facilitate contractors’ P‐CSR implementation. The study findings contribute to the literature by bridging the gap between contractors’ CSR implementation and their project‐level PDR efforts in the event of natural disasters.
Discovery and Characterization of Brigimadlin, a Novel and Highly Potent MDM2–p53 Antagonist Suitable for Intermittent Dose Schedules
Authors: Gollner Andreas , Rudolph Dorothea , Weyer-Czernilofsky Ulrike , Baumgartinger Rosa , Jung Peter , Weinstabl Harald , Ramharter Jürgen , Grempler Rolf , Quant Jens , Rinnenthal Jörg , Pérez Pitarch Alejandro , Golubovic Bojana , Gerlach Daniel , Bader Gerd , Wetzel Kristiane , Otto Sebastian , Mandl Christian , Boehmelt Guido , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Sini Patrizia
Published: September 2024

p53 is known as the guardian of the genome and is one of the most important tumor suppressors. It is inactivated in most tumors, either via tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene mutation or copy number amplification of key negative regulators, e.g., mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). Compounds that bind to the MDM2 protein and disrupt its interaction with p53 restore p53 tumor suppressor activity, thereby promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Previous clinical experience with MDM2–p53 protein–protein interaction antagonists (MDM2–p53 antagonists) has demonstrated that thrombocytopenia and neutropenia represent on-target dose-limiting toxicities that might restrict their therapeutic utility. Dosing less frequently, while maintaining efficacious exposure, represents an approach to mitigate toxicity and improve the therapeutic window of MDM2–p53 antagonists. However, to achieve this, a molecule possessing excellent potency and ideal pharmacokinetic properties is required. Here, we present the discovery and characterization of brigimadlin (BI 907828), a novel, investigational spiro-oxindole MDM2–p53 antagonist. Brigimadlin exhibited high bioavailability and exposure, as well as dose-linear pharmacokinetics in preclinical models. Brigimadlin treatment restored p53 activity and led to apoptosis induction in preclinical models of TP53 wild-type, MDM2-amplified cancer. Oral administration of brigimadlin in an intermittent dosing schedule induced potent tumor growth inhibition in several TP53 wild-type, MDM2-amplified xenograft models. Exploratory clinical pharmacokinetic studies (NCT03449381) showed high systemic exposure and a long plasma elimination half-life in patients with cancer who received oral brigimadlin. These findings support the continued clinical evaluation of brigimadlin in patients with MDM2-amplified cancers, such as dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
Figure S3 from A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: September 2024

Supplement Figure 3 related to Figure 8
Data from A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly heterogeneous disease with a notably poor prognosis due to significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Emphasizing on the importance of precision medicine, there is an increasing need for comprehensive genomic resources alongside well-developed experimental models to devise personalized therapeutic strategies. We present ACC_CellMinerCDB, a substantive genomic and drug sensitivity database (available at https://discover.nci.nih.gov/acc_cellminercdb) comprising ACC cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, surgical samples, and responses to more than 2,400 drugs examined by the NCI and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. This database exposes shared genomic pathways among ACC cell lines and surgical samples, thus authenticating the cell lines as research models. It also allows exploration of pertinent treatment markers such as MDR-1, SOAT1, MGMT, MMR, and SLFN11 and introduces the potential to repurpose agents like temozolomide for ACC therapy. ACC_CellMinerCDB provides the foundation for exploring larger preclinical ACC models.
Significance:
ACC_CellMinerCDB, a comprehensive database of cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, surgical samples, and drug responses, reveals shared genomic pathways and treatment-relevant markers in ACC. This resource offers insights into potential therapeutic targets and the opportunity to repurpose existing drugs for ACC therapy.
Prediction Model of In-Hospital Death for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: The PD-ICU Score
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Yi Qun , Luo Yuanming , Wei Hailong , Ge Huiqing , Liu Huiguo , Zhang Jianchu , Li Xianhua , Xie Xiufang , Pan Pinhua , Zhou Hui , Liu Liang , Zhou Chen , Zhang Jiarui , Peng Lige , Pu Jiaqi , Yuan Jianlin , Chen Xueqing , Tang Yongjiang , Zhou Haixia
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are exposed to poor clinical outcomes, and no specific prognostic models are available among this population. We aimed to develop and validate a risk score for prognosis prediction for these patients. Methods: This was a multicenter observation study. AECOPD patients admitted to ICU were included for model derivation from a prospective, multicenter cohort study. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent predictors for in-hospital death and establish the prognostic risk score. The risk score was further validated and compared with DECAF, BAP-65, CURB-65, and APACHE II score in another multicenter cohort. Results: Five variables were identified as independent predictors for in-hospital death in APCOPD patients admitted to ICU, and a corresponding risk score (PD-ICU score) was established, which was composed of procalcitonin >0.5 μg/L, diastolic blood pressure <60 mm Hg, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, disturbance of consciousness, and blood urea nitrogen >7.2 mmol/L. Patients were classified into three risk categories according to the PD-ICU score. The in-hospital mortality of low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients was 0.3%, 7.3%, and 27.9%, respectively. PD-ICU score displayed excellent discrimination ability with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.815 in the derivation cohort and 0.754 in the validation cohort which outperformed other prognostic models. Conclusion: We derived and validated a simple and clinician-friendly prediction model (PD-ICU score) for in-hospital mortality among AECOPD patients admitted to ICU. With good performance and clinical practicability, this model may facilitate early risk stratification and optimal decision-making among these patients.
Professor, antes, durante e depois da pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise das tiras da série Escola de Passarinhos
Authors: Príncipe Jaqueline
Published: September 2024

Tem como objetivos demonstrar como a análise de tiras possibilita construir um panorama de um momento sócio-histórico a partir das tiras da série Escola de Passarinhos de outubro de 2019 até março de 2023 e compreender de que maneira a linguagem dos quadrinhos auxilia na compreensão da rotina do professor,. O corpus é composto pelas tiras publicadas na rede social Instagram, no perfil de João Marcos Ferreira Mendonça. O período escolhido possibilita demonstrar a representação textual do momento sócio-histórico vivenciado pela pandemia do vírus SARS-CoV-2, informalmente conhecido como coronavírus. Também mostra o que aconteceu com a escola, o professor e os alunos. Para o embasamento deste estudo, buscam-se fundamentos teóricos, subsídios e contribuições de Ramos (2007, 2010) e Eisner (2010), a fim de fazer uma análise que traga à tona e evidencie características dos quadrinhos, temáticas e seus conteúdos.
Entrevista com David King Dunaway: o documentário radiofônico
Authors: Gambaro Daniel , Vicente Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Durante o mês de maio de 2016, o MidiaSon e a ECA-USP receberam David King Dunaway, documentarista, historiador, biógrafo e professor de Inglês e Literatura na Universidade do Novo México, para um curso de curta-duração sobre a produção do documentário radiofônico. Com a conclusão da série de aulas, convidamos o professor para uma conversa sobre seu trabalho como investigador de história oral e, principalmente, a importância do documentário radiofônico. A entrevista foi organizada em três partes: a primeira foca a carreira e algumas das produções mais relevantes do professor; a segunda aborda o documentário radiofônico em suas especificidades, e em relação a outros formatos, como o feature e o jornalismo cotidiano; e a terceira parte concentra-se nos assuntos como comunidades, ativismo por meio do rádio e os espaços disponíveis para a produção radiofônica documental.
Relações de gênero nos estudos de recepção e de consumo midiático: as perspectivas das teses e dissertações em comunicação entre 2010 e 2015
Authors: Tomazetti Tainan Pauli , Coruja Paula
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, apresentamos um panorama de pesquisas de recepção e consumo midiático, a partir do recorte de relações de gênero, tendo como materiais de análise teses e dissertações desenvolvidas nos programas de pós-graduação em comunicação no período entre 2010 e 2015. Das 191 pesquisas de recepção e consumo midiático coletadas no período de nosso levantamento, apenas quinze tematizaram relações de gênero, sendo que oito são estudos de recepção e sete de consumo midiático Desse total, doze pautam suas reflexões a partir do âmbito de estudos feministas, considerando-se aquelas pesquisas que contemplam de alguma forma as lutas sociais das mulheres relativas à dominação masculina; três estudos contemplam as perspectivas queer e/ou das homossexualidades; e um reflete relações de gênero pelo viés das masculinidades
Stroke Prevention With Prophylactic Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Cardiac Surgery Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Propensity-Score Studies
Authors: Baudo Massimo , Sicouri Serge , Yamashita Yoshiyuki , Senzai Mikiko , McCarthy Patrick M. , Gerdisch Marc W. , Whitlock Richard P. , Ramlawi Basel
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The role of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in patients without previous atrial fibrillation (AF) is not established. This meta-analysis was conducted on patients with normal sinus rhythm who underwent cardiac surgery, with and without concomitant LAAO, to evaluate its effect on the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs).

METHODS:

A systematic review was conducted from inception until December 2023 for randomized and propensity-score studies comparing CVA in patients without AF undergoing cardiac surgery with or without LAAO.

RESULTS:

Six studies met our inclusion criteria with a total of 4130 patients: 2146 in the LAAO group and 1984 in the no-LAAO group. The risk ratio of postoperative AF was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.86–1.28);
P
=0.628. The CVA rates at 5 years were 6.8±1.0% in the no-LAAO group and 4.3±0.8% in the LAAO group (log-rank
P
=0.021). The Cox regression analysis for CVA in patients undergoing LAAO reported a hazard ratio of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45–0.94);
P
=0.022. Landmark analysis at 4 years highlighted a significant difference in overall survival between no-LAAO and LAAO groups, 86±12.2% versus 89.6±11.0%;
P
=0.041.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this meta-analysis of patients without previous AF undergoing cardiac surgery, LAAO was associated with a decreased risk of CVA, no difference in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, and a significant overall survival benefit at a 4-year landmark analysis. Although these findings support LAAO, the randomized LeAAPS trial (Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion for Prophylactic Stroke Reduction Trial), LAA-CLOSURE trial (A Randomized Prospective Multicenter Trial for Stroke Prevention by Prophylactic Surgical Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage in Patients Undergoing Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Surgery), and LAACS-2 trial (Left Atrial Appendage Closure by Surgery-2) will help define the effectiveness of LAAO in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who have risk factors for AF and CVA.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
; Unique identifier: CRD42024496366.
Viral Infection and Ischemic Stroke: Emerging Trends and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Clarke Michael , Falcione Sarina , Boghozian Roobina , Todoran Raluca , Zhang Yiran , C. Real Maria Guadalupe , StPierre Alexis , Joy Twinkle , Jickling Glen C.
Published: September 2024

Population studies have suggested that viral infections may be contributing to risk of ischemic stroke, although the mechanisms for this are unclear. In this review, we examine the epidemiological evidence supporting the involvement of viral diseases, including influenza, COVID‐19, chronic herpesvirus infections, and hepatitis C in current trends of stroke incidence. To support these associations, we highlight the virus–host interactions that are critical in the context of stroke, including direct effects of acute and persistent viral infections on vascular function, inflammation, and thrombosis. Additionally, we evaluate the systemic changes that occur during viral infection that can predispose individuals to ischemic stroke, including alterations in blood pressure regulation, coagulation, and lipid metabolism. Our review emphasizes the need to further elucidate precise mechanisms involved in viral infections and stroke risk. Future research will inform the development of targeted interventions for stroke prevention in the context of viral diseases.
Deep Learning‐Based Prediction of Final Infarct Core from CT Perfusion Data: A Comparison to the Clinical Standard
Authors: Werdiger Freda , Visser Milanka , Chen Chushuang , Lam Christina , Kolacz James , Parsons Mark W. , Lin Longting , Levi Christopher , Bivard Andrew ,   the INSPIRE (International Stroke Perfusion Imaging REgistry) Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background

In the management of acute ischemic stroke, computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is used to define the ischemic core and penumbra to estimate tissue fate after reperfusion therapy. The core/penumbra dichotomy uses single‐value thresholds, which potentially discards valuable data and oversimplifies the complexity of core and penumbral estimation. Advancing the dichotomous CTP output to a probability model has several advantages such as more sophisticated modeling of pathophysiology, supporting reader interpretation, and assessing a greater range of available data to estimate tissue fate.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we developed a CTP probability model to move away from single perfusion thresholds to estimate tissue fate. All patients from the International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry database had baseline CTP and were included in the current study if they had a large vessel occlusion that recanalized fully after thrombectomy and had follow‐up diffusion‐weighted imaging. Data were split into training, validation, and testing groups. Training and validation cohorts were used to develop a deep learning model in project MONAI (Medical Open Network for Artificial Intelligence) and performance metrics were derived from the testing set.

Results

In total, 243 patients were included in the study. The Attention U‐Net was the best performing deep learning model, producing the best prediction of follow‐up infarct core on the test set (n = 48): mean diverse counterfactual explanations score = 0.430±0.213, mean area under the curve = 0.765±0.095; better than the single‐value thresholding with a diverse counterfactual explanations scoreof 0.247±0.167 (paired
t
‐test,
P
<0.0001) and area under the curveof 0.604±0.074 (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusion

The deep learning probabilistic CTP model outperformed the current clinical standard, providing a more accurate core estimate than single‐threshold‐based measures.
BrainQCNet: A Deep Learning attention-based model for the automated detection of artifacts in brain structural MRI scans
Authors: Garcia Mélanie , Dosenbach Nico , Kelly Clare
Published: September 2024

Analyses of structural MRI (sMRI) data depend on robust upstream data quality control (QC). It is also crucial that researchers seek to retain maximal amounts of data to ensure reproducible, generalizable models and to avoid wasted effort, including that of participants. The time-consuming and difficult task of manual QC evaluation has prompted the development of tools for the automatic assessment of brain sMRI scans. Existing tools have proved particularly valuable in this age of Big Data; as datasets continue to grow, reducing execution time for QC evaluation will be of considerable benefit. The development of Deep Learning (DL) models for artifact detection in structural MRI scans offers a promising avenue toward fast, accurate QC evaluation. In this study, we trained an interpretable Deep Learning model, ProtoPNet, to classify minimally preprocessed 2D slices of scans that had been manually annotated with a refined quality assessment (ABIDE 1; n = 980 scans). To evaluate the best model, we applied it to 2141 ABCD T1-weighted MRI scans for which gold-standard manual QC annotations were available. We obtained excellent accuracy: 82.4% for good quality scans (Pass), 91.4% for medium to low quality scans (Fail). Further validation using 799 T1w MRI scans from ABIDE 2 and 750 T1w MRI scans from ADHD-200 confirmed the reliability of our model. Accuracy was comparable to or exceeded that of existing ML models, with fast processing and prediction time (1 minute per scan, GPU machine, CUDA-compatible). Our attention model also performs better than traditional DL (i.e., convolutional neural network models) in detecting poor quality scans. To facilitate faster and more accurate QC prediction for the neuroimaging community, we have shared the model that returned the most reliable global quality scores as a BIDS-app (https://github.com/garciaml/BrainQCNet).
A supervised data-driven spatial filter denoising method for speech artifacts in intracranial electrophysiological recordings
Authors: Peterson Victoria , Vissani Matteo , Luo Shiyu , Rabbani Qinwan , Crone Nathan E. , Bush Alan , Richardson R. Mark
Published: September 2024

Neurosurgical procedures that enable direct brain recordings in awake patients offer unique opportunities to explore the neurophysiology of human speech. The scarcity of these opportunities and the altruism of participating patients compel us to apply the highest rigor to signal analysis. Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals recorded during overt speech can contain a speech artifact that tracks the fundamental frequency (F0) of the participant’s voice, involving the same high-gamma frequencies that are modulated during speech production and perception. To address this artifact, we developed a spatial-filtering approach to identify and remove acoustic-induced contaminations of the recorded signal. We found that traditional reference schemes jeopardized signal quality, whereas our data-driven method denoised the recordings while preserving underlying neural activity.
Processus de focalisation multimodale lors des dîners familiaux français: une comparaison entre familles parlantes et familles signantes
Authors: Martel Karine , Dodane Christelle , Blondel Marion , Catteau Fanny , Bellifemine Corrado
Published: September 2024

Speech planning allows the speaker to highlight new information in order to draw the interlocutor’s attention. This focalization process has been described in spoken and sign languages, but rarely in a natural context such as family interaction. In this article, we study focalization at its prosodic level, by comparing the phenomena and parameters mobilized in the two types of language, within a privileged context, in order to observe focus marking during parent-children interaction: the family dinner. We make an inventory of prosodic focalization markers, mobilized in both languages and both modalities (spoken and gestural), from a sample of videorecorded meals in LSF and spoken French (ANR DinLang). We observe that prosodic features of focalization can be established in inter-modal terms and that focus is marked by the combination of various phenomena, which appear in contrast with the prosodic context. We give the example of a pattern that seems interesting to us to examine in the context of focalization, the one of scansion, and we emphasize the interest of considering sign languages and ‘spoken’ languages as embodied languages.
The Jive Verification System and Its Transformative Impact on Weather Forecasting Operations
Authors: Loveday Nicholas , Griffiths Deryn , Leeuwenburg Tennessee , Taggart Robert J. , Pagano Thomas C. , Cheng George , Plastow Kevin , Ebert Elizabeth E. , Templeton Cassandra , Carroll Maree , Khanarmuei Mohammadreza , Nagpal Isha
Published: September 2024

Forecast verification is critical for continuous improvement in meteorological organizations. The Jive verification system was originally developed to assess the accuracy of public weather forecasts issued by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. It started as a research project in 2015 and gradually evolved to be a Bureau operational verification system in 2022. The system includes daily verification dashboards for forecasters to visualize recent forecast performance and “Evidence Targeted Automation” dashboards for exploring the performance of competing forecast systems. Additionally, Jive includes a Jupyter Notebook server with the Jive Python library, which supports research experiments, case studies, and the development of new verification metrics and tools. This paper describes the Jive verification system and how it helped bring verification to the forefront at the Bureau of Meteorology, leading to more accurate, streamlined forecasts. Jive has provided evidence to support forecast automation decisions and has helped to understand the evolving role of meteorologists in the forecast process. It has given operational meteorologists tools for evaluating forecast processes, including identifying when and how manual interventions lead to superior predictions. Work on Jive led to new verification science, including novel metrics that are decision-focused, including diagnostics for extreme conditions. Jive also provided the Bureau with an enterprise-wide data analysis environment and has prompted a clarification of forecast definitions. These collective impacts have resulted in more accurate forecasts, ultimately benefiting society and building trust with forecast users. These positive outcomes highlight the importance of meteorological organizations investing in verification science and technology.
Downscaling Vapor Pressure Deficit across Complex Forested Terrain
Authors: Burton Jamie E. , Pickering Bianca J. , Penman Trent D. , Cawson Jane G.
Published: September 2024

The forest microclimate shapes many aspects of forest functioning, including plant regeneration and wildfire occurrence. In complex landscapes with varying terrain, the forest microclimate varies at fine spatial scales (10–100 m2). However, accurately mapping this variation remains challenging. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is an important microclimatic variable for plant growth and fire activity, yet few studies have specifically focused on downscaling VPD. The aim of this study was to examine the drivers of in-forest VPD in temperate eucalypt forests and develop a model to predict in-forest VPD. We use microclimate data from 37 in-forest weather stations, installed across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. We used linear mixed models within an information theoretic approach to develop a predictive model for daily maximum in-forest VPD using open VPD and topographic variables. The highest-ranked model included fundamental topographic drivers of vegetation structure and microclimate in forested landscapes: aspect, elevation, and slope, in addition to open VPD. The model had high accuracy when tested against independent data. We used this model to map fine-scale (30 m2, daily) maximum in-forest VPD across a topographically complex case study landscape. Predicted in-forest VPD showed considerable spatial and temporal variations not captured by coarse-scale open VPD. This represents a significant advancement in our ability to model microclimatic conditions in temperate eucalypt forests and has the potential to advance our understanding of how ecosystem processes vary at fine spatial scales.
The relevance of exposure to and engagement in human rights in Latin American health students
Authors: Agudelo-Hernández Felipe , Urrego-García Jhonatan
Published: September 2024

Despite its importance, there are no mechanisms available to investigate the presence of human rights as a part of mental health education in Latin America. Instruments such as Human Rights Exposure in Social Work and Human Rights Engagement in Social Work can be used to make this approach feasible in recovery processes.
Non-invasive acquisition of vital data in anesthetized rats using laser and radar application
Authors: Kawabe Toshiaki , Kita Shota , Ohmura Isao , Michino Ryuji , Watanabe Hidenori , Sun Guanghao , Inoue Seiya
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of obtaining vital sign information using a laser and radar sensor in a manner that is non-invasive and painless for test animals. A dataset was obtained from respiratory movement of anaesthetized male F344 rats, signals of laser and radar sensors were recorded simultaneously with vital data acquired with an integrated multiple-channel intraoperative monitor. In addition, respiratory movements were also video recorded, and used as reference data of respiration rate (RR; ref-RR). Reference data for heart rate (HR; ref-HR) were obtained from the R wave of electrocardiogram data for each epoch. Signals recorded from the radar sensor (I- and Q-signals) were input to a computer, and HR (radar-HR) and RR (radar-RR) were estimated using the frequency analysis method. Among the six positions where respiratory movements were measured by the laser sensor, the number of peak counts matched the visual counts of respiratory movements in the video records. The respiratory movements were significantly the greatest over the most caudal rib in the dorsal ( p < 0.001). The average radar-RR and ref-RR values showed correspondence (ref-RR, 69 ± 6.2 breaths/min; radar-RR, 68 ± 5.7 breaths/min ( p = 0.04–1.00); equivalence ratio, 86%). The radar-HR data showed slight variability; however, there was 80% homology compared with the ref-HR values (ref-HR, 336 ± 19.6 beats/min; radar-HR, 348 ± 34.1 ( p = 0.10–0.95)). Although comparison of the data under noradrenaline administration failed to track drug-induced changes in some cases, the HR and RR data of anesthetized rats measured from the radar sensor system showed comparable accuracy to other conventional methods.
Stretch and recovery properties of combined and combination twill based woven fabrics
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Zaman Shahood uz , Baitab Danish Mehmood , Hamdani Syed Talha Ali , Nawab Yasir , Umair Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Woven fabrics are being used in different forms, ranging from wearable clothing to household activities. Comfort and wearer ease are directly related to the stretch properties, and stretch will be beneficial with recovery performance at a given stress. This study is planned to work on the mechanical and stretch and recovery properties of combined and combination twill woven fabrics. The fabric samples were produced by using 59 tex (10/1 Ne) hemp yarn in both warp and weft directions, and thread density was kept constant in six woven fabric samples. Three different weaves, that is, combination twill weave (2/1 + 1/2 and 3/1 + 2/1), combined twill weave (2/1 + 1/2 and 3/1 + 2/1), and basic twill weaves (2/1 and 3/1) were selected for woven fabric preparation. Dimensional stability and shrinkage, tensile strength, puncture resistance, and stretch and recovery properties of developed woven samples were investigated. It was concluded that the stretch and recovery properties depend on the float and interlacement of yarns in the woven fabric. The combination twill weave structures have excellent stretch and recovery properties because they have the highest float in all samples. Combined twill weave structures have the highest tensile strength and puncture resistance properties. On the other hand, the highest shrinkage values are observed for basic twill weave structures.
A sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on observation error threshold EKF
Authors: Ruan Guanqiang , Su Yuhan , Yang Kuo , Cao Jinliang , Su Yiyu , Gong Zhengda , Hu Xing
Published: September 2024

The control of nonlinear system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) can be realized using extended Kalman filter (EKF). However, the traditional EKF algorithm has limited tracking accuracy and is prone to accumulated error. In addition, the existing improved EKF algorithm pursues the adaptability to nonlinear system, which is susceptible to noise interference and overfitting. For this reason, this paper proposes an observation error threshold EKF (OET-EKF) algorithm from the perspective of error reduction. On the basis of the traditional EKF, a threshold is set for the error between the estimated observation and the actual observation of the rotational speed. In addition, the traditional EKF algorithm is corrected by the threshold, which improves the robustness. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink simulation is used to verify the robustness of the OET-EKF algorithm. In addition, it is found that the anti-interference ability of the system under a certain value of white noise is better than the traditional EKF algorithm.