bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An asymptotic plate model for magneto-electro-thermo-elastic sensors and actuators
Authors: Bonaldi Francesco , Geymonat Giuseppe , Krasucki Françoise , Serpilli Michele
Published: December 2015

We present an asymptotic two-dimensional plate model for linear magneto-electro-thermo-elastic sensors and actuators, under the hypotheses of anisotropy and homogeneity. Four different boundary conditions pertaining to electromagnetic quantities are considered, leading to four different models: the sensor–actuator model, the actuator–sensor model, the actuator model and the sensor model. We validate the obtained two-dimensional models by proving weak convergence results. Each of the four plate problems turns out to be decoupled into a flexural problem, involving the transversal displacement of the plate, and a certain partially or totally coupled membrane problem.
Modeling and designing micro- and nano-structured metamaterials: Towards the application of exotic behaviors
Authors: Madeo Angela , Corte Alessandro Della , Giorgio Ivan , Scerrato Daria
Published: December 2015

The lack of suitable computational methods has significantly restricted the creativity of engineers in designing the materials to be used in technological applications. When one wants exact analytical solutions for a given physical system, then usually drastic and restrictive simplifying assumptions are needed. In particular, homogeneity of physical and geometrical properties at lower length-scale is the standard assumption in continuum mechanics. On the other hand, it is well-known since the pioneering work of Gabrio Piola, and then re-established in the works by Mindlin, Toupin, Green, Adkins and Germain, that it is possible to synthetically describe microscopic inhomogeneity by means of field theories incorporating additional kinematical fields. The characteristic length-scale affecting macro-behavior can even be of the order of nanometers, in which case the intuition due to Richard Feynman about the importance of quantum effects at macro-scale could open the path to technological advancements. In the present paper we review some of the literature in the field and try to indicate some research perspectives that seem to us potentially ground-breaking. In particular, following the suggestion of Professor dell’Isola, we briefly describe his concept of pantographic lattices and sheets whose importance in nano-technology could be relevant.
Electro-elastic analysis of bonded piezoelectric finite wedges with two collinear interface cracks under anti-plane deformation
Authors: Cao Ruikang , Wan Yongping
Published: December 2015

This paper studies two collinear impermeable interface cracks in bonded piezoelectric finite wedges. The radial edges are subjected to anti-plane concentrated forces and in-plane electric surface charges. The circular boundary is considered as traction free and electrically insulated. The finite complex transform developed in the literature for elastic wedges is extended to electro-elasticity for piezoelectric wedges. Based on the finite Mellin transforms and series expansions, the crack surface conditions are expressed analytically in the form of a set of simultaneous standard singular integral equations, which can be solved numerically by the Lobatto–Chebyshev method. The Normalized Intensity Factors (NIFs) around crack tips are obtained for the elastic and electric field in explicit forms. Dependence of the NIFs on the crack length and crack interval, as well as the wedge angle, is discussed in detail. Crack interaction is graphically demonstrated and analyzed. Results show that extension of one crack length generally enhances the NIFs for both tips of the other crack. Crack interval significantly affects the NIFs of the inner crack tips of the collinear cracks. The formulation and results in this paper include, as special cases, some wedge problems presented in the literature. These analyses are expected to provide some guidance for the design of piezoelectric composite wedges.
Media for reflection: A comparison of renaissance mirrors for princes and contemporary management education
Authors: Knudsen Morten
Published: December 2015

This article develops the concept media for reflection in the interest of conceptualizing the interpretative frames that enable and limit reflection in management and leadership education. The concept ‘media for reflection’ allows us to conceptualize the social and cultural mediation of reflection without reducing reflection to an effect of the social structures and cultural norms in which it is embedded. Based on the developed theoretical framework, this article analyses how a renaissance ‘mirror for princes’ and contemporary research-based management education mediate reflection. The content of the mediations is analysed as well as the societal and organizational background. Furthermore, the means by which the two media enable and limit reflection in different ways is compared. Finally, the article discusses possible implications of the analysis in terms of management and leadership education.
Learning L2 collocations incidentally from reading
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have shown that intentional learning through explicit instruction is effective for the acquisition of collocations in a second language (L2) (e.g. Peters, 2014, 2015), but relatively little is known about the effectiveness of incidental approaches for the acquisition of L2 collocations. The present study examined the incidental acquisition of collocational knowledge when learners encounter adjective–pseudoword collocations while reading. Forty-one L2 learners read a story containing six target collocations in a classroom setting. One week after the reading they were interviewed about their knowledge of the form, meaning and collocation of the target items (at recall and recognition levels). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups, i.e. the 4-repetition group and the 8-repetition group. Results showed that collocational knowledge can be learnt incidentally from reading; that it is learnt at a similar rate to other lexical components such as form and meaning of individual words; and that the frequency manipulation in this study did not seem to have a significant effect on the acquisition of any of the aspects examined.
Occupational exposure to natural radioactivity in some factories in Suez City
Authors: Abdel Ghany H. A. , El-Shershaby A. , Sroor A. , Abdel-Samei M.
Published: December 2015

This work presents the results of the absorbed dose rates and estimated effective doses of the surface soils samples collected from different factories in the industrial region of Suez City, Egypt using high resolution gamma spectrometry system (HpGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K in fertilizer factories were: 74.54 ± 3.7, 26.54 ± 1.3, 14.68 ± 0.73 and 233 ± 11.68 Bq kg−1, respectively, in Ceramic factories were: 75.91 ± 3.7, 31.35 ± 1.56, 20.34 ± 1.01 and 255 ± 12.76 Bq kg−1, respectively, in textile factories were: 121 ± 6.07, 36.22 ± 1.81, 25.80 ± 1.29 and 1076 ± 53.83 Bq kg−1, respectively, in oil factories were: 76.24 ± 3.81, 25.90 ± 1.29, 15.26 ± 0.7 and 266 ± 13.31 Bq kg−1, respectively, and in steel factory were: 79.72 ± 3.98, 35.22 ± 1.76, 11.95 ± 0.59 and 163 ± 8.16 Bq kg−1, respectively. The calculated absorbed dose rates in factories were: 31.13 ± 1.55, 37.86 ± 1.89, 79.04 ± 3.95, 32.64 ± 1.63 and 29.99 ± 1.49 nGy h−1, respectively. Also, the annual effective dose in the above factories were: 0.03 ± 0.001, 0.04 ± 0.002, 0.09 ± 0.004, 0.03 ± 0.001 and 0.036 ± 0.001 mSv y−1, respectively. Also, the exposure of workers to radon was studied using solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). The results indicate that feeding materials variably affect the radioactivity measurements of the surface soil in different factories.
Effect of high strain rate beta processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of near-β titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al
Authors: Skubisz P , Lisiecki Ł , Paćko M , Skowronek T , Micek P , Tokarski T
Published: December 2015

The article presents microstructures and mechanical properties of near-β Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium wrought alloy after two differentiated processing cycles. The assumed processing paths involved high strain rate hot deformation in β-phase range, followed by solution treatment with variation of cooling rate and subsequent single or double aging. To estimate the effects of the assumed treatment cycles, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy microstructure analysis was conducted, with special attention paid to evolution of alpha precipitates in consecutive stages of processing and their role in grain refinement. The correlation between tensile properties and grain size, as well as the amount of precipitates amount was found to be connected with alpha-plates’ size and morphology. It was concluded that in case of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy, proposed cycles of thermomechanical processing allow reduction of inhomogeneous recrystallization resulting in necklace substructure. On the other hand, high strain rate promotes mechanical properties improvement, as it favors fragmentation of continuous grain-boundary α precipitates.
It’s all about the birds! Non-human actors’ situational power in creating conditions for human engagement
Authors: Leino Helena , Karppi Ilari , Jokinen Ari
Published: December 2015

In this article, we aim to understand how planning theory and practice should approach new urban entities and their transforming meanings. We argue that planning practice has difficulties in identifying and recognising developmental processes where the human attachment to the local environment gradually changes the identity and use of an area. Instead, these processes are interpreted as disruptions in the planned course of action. We illustrate our viewpoint with an empirical example from Finland. The case is about a significant spot of biodiversity in a completely man-made environment. The study serves as an example of how artefacts actively co-shape the events and environment around them and thus create a relationship between humans and their surroundings. Drawing on a science and technology studies-inspired perspective on the relationships between human and non-human actors, we stress the importance of artefacts, local setting and processual development in urban planning.
Human development and alienation in the thought of Karl Marx
Authors: Raekstad Paul
Published: December 2015

Marx's theory of alienation is of great importance to contemporary political developments, due both to the re-emergence of anti-capitalist struggle in Zapatismo, 21st Century Socialism, and the New Democracy Movement, and to the fact that the most important theorists of these movements single out Marx's theory of alienation as critical to their concerns. Despite this renewed practical and theoretical interest, however, these and other writers have been sparing in their accounts of the normative components which the theory of alienation incorporates. Along with many recent commentators, I argue that the normative components of the theory of alienation are to be found in a notion of human development, and that a conception of the particular importance of the human species-essence plays a critical role in this respect. However, I take a different, and somewhat more detailed, tack than these previous authors in presenting a more detailed conception of human development and flourishing on the basis of Marx's conceptions of powers and needs and comparing it to the most prominent non-Marxist theory of human development: the capabilities approach. I then show that this understanding of powers and needs, along with a notion of the particularly important human power of conscious self-directed activity, underpins the critique of capitalism Marx presents in his theory of alienation. This will allow us a better understanding of the normative components of Marx's theory of alienation and its potential relevance and plausibility to the theorists and movements it is influencing.
Pedestrian visibility at night: The effect of solid state streetlights
Authors: Saraiji R , Younis D , Madi MT , Gibbons RB
Published: December 2015

This study examines the effect of different types of lamps on pedestrian night time visibility. Detection distance was used as a measure of visibility. The detection distance was measured in the presence and in the absence of on-coming car headlamps in an unlit street. Subsequently, the street was lit using metal halide, high-pressure sodium or LED luminaires. A pedestrian who changed his clothing colour randomly was used as a target. The results showed that the detection distance on the unlit road was 52% shorter in the presence of on coming car headlamps than when the oncoming car headlamps were off. A person wearing black clothing was harder to see and their mean detection distance was 60% less than when the observer was not dazzled by the oncoming car headlights. When the street was lit, the detection distance was doubled. The mean detection distance using LED lamps was statistically similar to that obtained using metal halide lamps, both of which were better than the detection distance obtained under high pressure sodium lighting.
The Confluence of Individual Autonomy and Collective Identity in India
Authors: Alagaraja Meera , Wilson Kristin
Published: December 2015

The Problem

In India, more household resources are spent on the education of sons than daughters; access to health and education reflects gender inequalities regardless of caste; poor women in India suffer malnourishment, and under- and unemployment. While there exists a steady stream of research on gender disparities and poverty in India, few studies have focused on gender disparities in wealthier communities. Yet, economic development as a whole will be more equal, more sustainable, and more rapid when gender inequalities are addressed.

The Solution

We explore gender inequity qualitatively through a single biography of an Indian woman, one of the authors. Using the power of cultural differences between researchers; a U.S. American interviewed the Indian researcher, we make sense of a narrative of an Indian woman caught between her desire to pursue education and career and her family’s and community’s expectation that she marry and start her own family. The study offers insights that extend knowledge about the increasing tensions between individual choice and the collective ethic that are experienced in India as the country transitions into a free market economy.

The Stakeholders

By focusing on the biography of a woman caught between family and community expectations and her own aspirations for education and career, the article highlights the impact of globalization, and macro- and micro-level economic, and sociocultural, forces that produce unique challenges and tensions in a fast growing market-based economy. Public policy makers play an important role in assessing the impact of national human resource development (NHRD) policies and practices that emphasize equal opportunities for women and other marginalized communities in a country such as India.
The Impact of Colorism on the Career Aspirations and Career Opportunities of Women in India
Authors: Sims Cynthia , Hirudayaraj Malar
Published: December 2015

The Problem

Colorism is a preference for light skin tones and devaluing of dark skin. It is a genderized phenomenon, mostly affecting women, that creates social and workplace inequities and negatively affects women of color. In India, colorism is a customary practice perpetuated by cultural beliefs and values, social institutions, and the media. Although studies explore colorism among women of color within workplaces in the United States, qualitative research on the impact of colorism on career aspirations and opportunities of women of color abroad appears to be non-existent.

The Solution

Providing education about the impact of colorism on Indian women to HRD professionals can assist with the empowerment of women and address workplace inequalities based on skin tone.

The Stakeholders

As today’s global workforce is composed of people of color from various countries, and their cultural values affect their career aspirations and opportunities, human resource development professionals must understand the implications of colorism, particularly in countries where women are less empowered to challenge cultural beliefs and develop skills to address and prevent related workplace issues. The purpose of this article is to discuss how six India-born women experience colorism to increase awareness, fill the gap in the literature, and provide suggestions for engendering Indian women’s career empowerment.
Work–Life Balance
Authors: Munn Sunny L. , Chaudhuri Sanghamitra
Published: December 2015

The Problem

Today’s global workforce is rife with dual-earner couples. For dual-earner couples, finding a suitable balance between work and living is often difficult, creating a need for organizations globally to be aware of the similarities and dissimilarities that exist for dual-earner couples around the world. This article identifies the work–life issues of dual-earner couples and organizational practices in both the United States and India in an effort to help organizations effectively manage work–life policies affecting the gender role dynamics of today’s multicultural organizations.

The Solution

This article identifies themes within the work–life literature for dual-earner couples in India and the United States in an effort to inform human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners about the current state and work–life needs of dual-earner couples in both countries. It would be beneficial for HRD professionals to understand and appreciate better workplace demographics in terms of social, cultural, and legal requirements in the two countries to encourage the creation and implementation of work–life friendly policies and environments.

The Stakeholders

This research benefits HRD practitioners and scholars, employers, public policy officials, and dual-earner couples employed in the United States and India. It opens the door to a better understanding of the transferability of current research to practice.
Lessons Learned About Motivation From a Pilot Physical Activity Intervention for African American Men
Authors: Cornish Emily K. , McKissic Sydika A. , Dean Donnatesa A. L. , Griffith Derek M.
Published: December 2015

African American men are less likely than White men to meet physical activity recommendations, and few physical activity interventions have focused on the unique needs of African American men. Because health is not more important to men than fulfilling the role of a provider or other socially important roles, one of the biggest challenges in creating interventions for African American men is helping them identify reasons that they should prioritize both health and life goals. In a recent pilot physical activity intervention for 30- to 70-year-old African American men, we used self-determination theory and motivational interviewing principles to create worksheets that helped men identify their core values and life goals and asked them to describe how their values and goals were related to health and physical activity. We used basic statistics and thematic analysis to identify and examine key sources of motivation for men to be healthier and more physically active. We found that being healthy, a good Christian, a good spouse/partner, disciplined, and successful were among men’s most important life goals. This article highlights a strategy for identifying key sources of motivation in African American men’s lives and key themes that can be used in to enhance future interventions.
A Review on Milkweed Fiber Properties as a High-Potential Raw Material in Textile Applications
Authors: Hassanzadeh Sanaz , Hasani Hossein
Published: December 2015

Importance of solving the environmental pollution has attracted lots of designers and engineers’ attentions towards finding different available solutions such as substituting polymer-based raw materials with the natural ones. Thus, significant efforts applied by the researchers are generally involved to find new recourses of natural fibers instead of using the petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Among the variety of newly known natural resources, Milkweed is categorized as a versatile substitutive fiber with numerous unique properties which are mainly attributed to their hollowness structures. The presence of hollow channel along the fiber length is responsible for their lightweight and good insulation properties. Because of the fibers’ ecological and chemical benefits, numerous technical application fields could be considered for the eco-friendly and non-allergenic textiles made of Milkweed fibers especially in production of medical goods. Since morphological aspects as well as physical and mechanical properties of the Milkweed fibers significantly affect their functional behavior during their end uses, here in this review paper it is aimed to summarize all the available information regarding the fibers’ characteristics and properties. Having fundamental knowledge about the spin-ability of Milkweed fibers as well as finding the optimized process condition for their carding operation is considered to be the important points for obtaining such applicable textile products with desired properties.
The Calgary Stampede Through a Cultural Studies Perspective
Authors: Rosenthal Caroline , Schäfer Stefanie
Published: December 2015

This essay presents the conception, outline, and results of a cultural and literary studies graduate course held at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena and at the Calgary Stampede in 2013. Students of English and American Studies from Germany developed multimedia projects about “Western” culture, and the Stampede as a Canadian sample of “Westernness,” with a special interest in concepts of authenticity and spectacle. In the present contribution, we focus on the students’ response to the Stampede and on their projects, with topics ranging from animal rights to food culture, and cowboy dress codes to First Nations legacy.
Authorship and Nostalgia in Contemporary Cowboy Repertoire
Authors: Turnbull Gillian
Published: December 2015

The genre of cowboy music, first developed by working cowboys in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, has been thoroughly documented by early folklorists, and revived by younger performers working as professional songwriters. Through an analysis of the cowboy classics recorded by Ian Tyson, and of six volumes of cowboy songs available in written form, this article proposes that despite the weight of tradition that cowboy repertoire bears, it has been one that favors new composition because it exists as a folk music, a commercial music, and an art music all at once. This article will also consider the significant role of place in Western song; for cowboy singers, the ongoing disappearance of an old West is a source of both despair and inspiration. In this sense, songwriters are not only responsible for creating a picture of a mythic West but also charged with reminding listeners that it should still exist, thereby shaping our knowledge and experience of the region through song. The resurrection of old repertoire is one of the ways cowboy singers can respond to anxiety over the vanishing West. These songs, alongside new compositions that maintain sentimentality for the past, serve a nostalgic function for audiences who long for a lost West but have never experienced it as it is portrayed in art.
A Rare Cause of Lower Extremity Ulcers
Authors: Adışen Esra , Erduran Funda Bapur , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Kasapkara Çiğdem Seher , Besio Roberta , Forlino Antonella , Gürer Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2015

Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is associated with chronic skin ulcers, a characteristic facial appearance, mental retardation, and recurrent infections. This study describes 4 patients with recurrent leg ulcerations and abnormal facies who were first clinically suspected of prolidase deficiency and then biochemically confirmed. Two siblings and 2 other patients were admitted to our clinic at different times, and they had some common features such as chronic leg and foot ulcers recalcitrant to treatment, consanguineous parents, facial dysmorphism, mental retardation, and widespread telangiectasias. Physical examination and detection of low prolidase level in blood finally led us to the diagnose of ulcers secondary to prolidase deficiency. Prolidase deficiency is a rare genodermatosis and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent leg and foot ulcers that develop at an early age.
Fractional electrical circuits
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Nieto Juan J , Venktesh V
Published: December 2015

We study three different types of electrical circuit equations using fractional calculus and various definitions of fractional derivative therein. Using plotting tools, we compare different types of solutions of each equation among themselves as well as with its classical solution.
Effects of configuration parameters on lateral dynamics of tractor–two trailer combinations
Authors: Xu Hongguo , Zhang Yihua , Liu Hongfei , Qi Shaosen , Li Weijuan
Published: December 2015

The optimum configuration parameters of tractor–trailer combinations for lateral stability performance are proposed by adjusting the length of dolly and the second trailer’s center of gravity. A linear yaw plane model of vehicle combinations is adopted for dynamic analysis, and the model is calibrated by TruckSim. According to the yaw rate rearward amplification ratio of lateral response index, and combining the simulation results of MATLAB/Simulink, dolly and the second trailer are the dominate factors for lateral stability of vehicle combinations. Simulation results show that the distance between articulation joints of dolly is 1.6 m; simultaneously, the rate of distance between front hitch and center of gravity of the second trailer to its front and rear wheelbase is 0.41 and may gain the best lateral performance. Compared with configuration parameters of the original vehicle combinations, the results also illustrate that the one derived from adjustment approach reduces high-speed rearward amplification ratio by 11.4%. The proposed approach might be used for identifying desired design variables of the tractor–two trailer combinations and provided theoretical basis for stability tests.
Design and test of a parallel kinematic solar tracker
Authors: Mauro Stefano , Battezzato Alessandro , Biondi Gabriele , Scarzella Cristina
Published: December 2015

This article proposes a parallel kinematic solar tracker designed for driving high-concentration photovoltaic modules. This kind of module produces energy only if they are oriented with misalignment errors lower than 0.4°. Generally, a parallel kinematic structure provides high stiffness and precision in positioning, so these features make this mechanism fit for the purpose. This article describes the work carried out to design a suitable parallel machine: an already existing architecture was chosen, and the geometrical parameters of the system were defined in order to obtain a workspace consistent with the requirements for sun tracking. Besides, an analysis of the singularities of the system was carried out. The method used for the singularity analysis revealed the existence of singularities which had not been previously identified for this kind of mechanism. From the analysis of the mechanism developed, very low nominal energy consumption and elevated stiffness were found. A small-scale prototype of the system was constructed for the first time. A control algorithm was also developed, implemented, and tested. Finally, experimental tests were carried out in order to verify the capability of the system of ensuring precise pointing. The tests have been considered passed as the system showed an orientation error lower than 0.4° during sun tracking.
Adaptive learning method for multiple-object detection in manufacturing
Authors: Lin Tsun-Kuo
Published: December 2015

In manufacturing, vision-based inspections are effective nondestructive methods for implementing object discrimination. To minimize inspection times, multiple-object discrimination must be implemented for one inspection image. However, multiple-object inspections are difficult to perform in manufacturing because of the lack of distinct objects in inspection images. In addition, inspectors might fail to use multiple sensing devices when concurrently detecting objects. This article proposes a novel multiple-object sensing system that incorporates a local-adaptive-region-growing–based learning method for adaptively segmenting multiple-camera images for multiple-object discrimination. The proposed local-adaptive-region-growing method and support vector machine-based discrete wavelet transform can effectively classify multiple objects in the local subregions of inspection images. The proposed system bridges the gap between sensing devices and inspectors for solving problems encountered when concurrently using multiple sensing devices. The learning method yielded more favorable results than existing inspection methods have. Furthermore, a standard test series was developed for quantitatively comparing inspection methods.
Product service system product design task planning with supplier participation
Authors: Sheng Zhongqi , Zhang Jia’nan , Xu Tao
Published: December 2015

Product service system is a new-type production system with high-degree integration and overall optimization of product and service. The participation of suppliers in product service system development will greatly shorten the development cycle and enhance the production efficiency. The task planning of product design is one of the key phases of product service system development process, which mainly contains the design task decomposition and the design task allocation. Aiming at product service system product design, this article conducts the decomposition of design tasks, performs the recognition of coupling design task set, and realizes the structured modeling of design tasks. Outsourcing decision-making analysis is conducted on the design tasks obtained through decomposition process so as to confirm the design tasks that need the participation of suppliers. The allocation model of design tasks is constructed, and the suppliers that take part in product service system development are confirmed based on genetic algorithm. Taking the numerical control machine tool as an example, this article conducts the instance analysis and verifies the feasibility of the forenamed methods.
Predicting fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude loadings with usage monitoring data
Authors: Pais Matthew J , Kim Nam H
Published: December 2015

For complex engineering systems, there is an increasing interest in the use of structural health monitoring systems to estimate the current state of damage (diagnosis) and to predict the behavior of the damage in the future (prognosis). For fatigue crack growth, one challenge in prognosis is to predict dynamic stress history at the location of damage. In this article, a method of predicting fatigue crack growth in aircraft panels is proposed under variable amplitude loading. A simple analytical–numerical method is proposed to calculate dynamic stress history from the usage monitoring data. A variable amplitude fatigue analysis is then conducted through the use of a fatigue crack growth model with the extended finite element method. Numerical examples show that the effect of underload and overload is significant in fatigue crack growth. It is also indicated that the crack growth rate and direction can significantly change under the multi-axial loading environment.
A novel hybrid discrete differential evolution algorithm for workingsteps sequencing in multi-channel turn-milling complex machining
Authors: Shi Xusheng , Qiao Lihong , Zhu Zuowei
Published: December 2015

To address the problem of workingsteps sequencing in multi-channel turn-milling complex machining, a novel hybrid optimization algorithm titled hybrid discrete differential evolution has been proposed, which improves the algorithm to achieve better results for the workingsteps sequencing problem. The main thrust of this article is twofold: (1) to analyze the characteristics of synchronous machining in multi-channel turn-milling complex machining and their constraints, and to propose a zero-wait micro-resource allocation strategy; (2) to develop a hybrid discrete differential evolution algorithm for process planning in multi-channel turn-milling complex machining, and to describe in detail about the operation of crossover, mutation, and selection. Then, analysis of variance has been used to investigate the contribution and effects of variables (parameters) in hybrid discrete differential evolution, so the optimal parameters can be obtained. Finally, a comparison of the performance and efficiency between the proposed algorithm and the classical differential evolution algorithm is made. And experimental results show that the hybrid discrete differential evolution algorithm is good at solving the sequencing problem, and the results approximate the optimum expectation.
Attenuation of glazing energy using linear patterns on the glass surface
Authors: Lin Shiang-Jiun , Chen Yong-Cheng , Li Hao-Hu , Huang Chien-Ta
Published: December 2015

Glazing energy resulting from solar radiation can be the main source to vary the thermal field inside of a building. As the glass material is loaded by intensive solar radiation, the glazing energy, greatly induced, will result in the drastic increase in interior temperatures and yield the energy demand for air conditioning loads. Reducing energy consumption is imperative; therefore, this article presents the patterned glass technology which incorporates linearly and uniaxially symmetric patterns throughout the exterior surface of glass to attenuate the solar energy entering indoors. By imposing the patterns over the glass surface, the glazing energy can be reduced due to the increase in the incident angle and the decrease in the solar energy loading on the glass. The thermal performance of the linearly patterned glass is evaluated by computational fluid dynamics technique. Based on computational fluid dynamics–evaluated results, as the patterned glass is applied on the window opening, the interior solar heat is able to be decreased. Moreover, the glazing energy can be strongly associated with the pattern design. Increasing the patterned angle and decreasing the patterned space help reduce solar effect on the interior temperatures.
Establishment of tunnel-boring machine disk cutter rock-breaking model from energy perspective
Authors: Song Liwei , Guo Wei , Zhu Dianhua
Published: December 2015

As the most important cutting tools during tunnel-boring machine tunneling construction process, V-type disk cutter’s rock-breaking mechanism has been researched by many scholars all over the world. Adopting finite element method, this article focused on the interaction between V-type disk cutters and the intact rock to carry out microscopic parameter analysis methods: first, the stress model of rock breaking was established through V-type disk cutter motion trajectory analysis; second, based on the incremental theorem of the elastic–plastic theory, the strain model of the relative changes of rock displacement during breaking process was created. According to the principle of admissible work by energy method of the elastic–plastic theory to analyze energy transfer rules in the process of breaking rock, rock-breaking force of the V-type disk cutter could be regarded as the external force in the rock system. Finally, by taking the rock system as the reference object, the total potential energy equivalent model of rock system was derived to obtain the forces of the three directions acting on V-type disk cutter during the rock-breaking process. This derived model, which has been proved to be effective and scientific through comparisons with some original force models and by comparative analysis with experimental data, also initiates a new research strategy taking the view of the micro elastic–plastic theory to study the rock-breaking mechanism.
Canadian community pharmacists’ use of digital health technologies in practice
Authors: Leung Valerie , Tharmalingam Sukirtha , Cooper Janet , Charlebois Maureen
Published: December 2015

Background:

In 2010, a pan-Canadian study on the current state and benefits of provincial drug information systems (DIS) found that substantial benefits were being realized and that pharmacists perceived DIS to be a valuable tool in the evolving models of pharmacy practice. To understand changes in digital health and the impact on practice since that time, a survey of community pharmacists in Canada was conducted.

Methods:

In 2014, Canada Health Infoway (Infoway) and the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPhA) invited community pharmacists to participate in a Web-based survey to understand their use and perceived benefits of digital health in practice. The survey was open from April 15 to May 12, 2014.

Results:

Of the 447 survey responses, almost all used some form of digital health in practice. Those with access to DIS and provincial laboratory information systems (LIS) reported increased productivity and better quality of care. Those without access to these systems would overwhelmingly like access.

Discussion:

There have been significant advances in digital health and community pharmacy practice over the past several years. In addition to digital health benefits in the areas of productivity and quality of care, pharmacists are also experiencing substantial benefits in areas related to recently expanded scope of practice activities such as ordering lab tests.

Conclusion:

Community pharmacists frequently use digital health in practice and recognize the benefits of these technologies. Digital health is, and will continue to be, a key enabler for practice transformation and improved quality of care. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2016;149:xx-xx.
Hip fractures: A review of predictors affecting Functional Independence Measure, ambulation and rehabilitation length of stay during inpatient rehabilitation in Singapore General Hospital
Authors: Tan Yeow Leng , Saw Hay Mar
Published: December 2015

Introduction:

Osteoporotic hip fractures receiving surgery are common and early rehabilitation is needed in the acute hospital setting. In Singapore, many receive rehabilitation after hip surgery in a tertiary hospital, and various clinical variables may be predictors of functional outcomes.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 68 patients who went through inpatient rehabilitation in Singapore General Hospital. The primary outcomes of this study were to identify predictors which affect Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency and motor FIM gain at discharge. The secondary outcomes include predictors affecting ambulation distance at discharge and rehabilitation length of stay (RLOS).

Results:

Age, dementia and days from fracture to surgery are important predictors of FIM efficiency; age and FIM efficiency are important predictors of ambulation distance; and type of fracture is an important predictor of RLOS. Patients of age <75 (OR 2.419, p=0.002), absence of dementia (OR 2.570, p=0.045) and those who received surgery <3 days from fracture onset (OR 2.529, p=0.036) achieved greater FIM efficiency. Younger patients of age <75 (OR 23.177, p=0.030) and those with FIM efficiency of more than 7 points per week (OR 38.963, p=0.05) achieved greater ambulation distance at discharge. Type of hip fracture is an important predictor for RLOS, with neck of femur fracture patients having shorter RLOS (OR 7.186, p=0.005).

Conclusion:

Age, dementia, days from fracture to surgery and type of hip fractures are important predictors of early functional outcomes in inpatient rehabilitation setting.
How to care for homebound patients?
Authors: Low Sher Guan , Ng Lawrence Chee Lian , Tan Josephine See Woon , Vasanwala Farhad Fakhrudin
Published: December 2015

As a result of an ageing population, low birth rates and longer life expectancies in developed countries, there is an increasing worldwide prevalence of patients with functional decline, dependence and impairment of activities of daily living. The medical follow-up of these functionally dependent patients poses a challenge, especially in the traditional outpatient settings where transport of these patients to a clinic is required. Delivering care for these dependent patients in their own homes remains one of the better ways of providing optimal care for them. We describe two cases, one identified from the community and the other from a hospital setting, which necessitated the activation of home care for continued management of these patients. This article discusses how our current community and hospital home care resources can be used to care for homebound patients, and how we can overcome current limitations in delivery of home care in our healthcare system.
Brexpiprazole: so far so good
Authors: Das Saibal , Barnwal Preeti , Winston A Blessed , Mondal Somnath , Saha Indranil
Published: December 2015

This article describes the role of a newly approved antipsychotic agent brexpiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. This drug has high affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, D2 and α1B,2C receptors. It displays partial agonism at 5-HT1A and D2 receptors and potent antagonism at 5-HT2A and α1B,2C adrenergic receptors. It also has some affinity (antagonism) for D3, 5-HT2B, 5-HT7 and α1A,1D receptors, and moderate affinity for H1 and low affinity for M1 receptors. These all lead to a favorable antipsychotic profile in terms of improvement of cognitive performance and sleep patterns, as well as effects on affective states and potential to treat core symptoms in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, including cognitive deficits with a low risk of adverse effects (extrapyramidal symptoms, metabolic complications, weight gain, akathisia potential) that are commonly encountered with other typical and second-generation antipsychotic drugs. In our review, we have made an attempt to decipher the pharmacological profile of brexpiprazole from two major trials (VECTOR and BEACON). We have also tried to give a concise but detailed overview of brexpiprazole by head to head comparison of the pharmacological profile of brexpiprazole and its earlier congeners aripiprazole and prototype antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine by accessing individual summaries of product characteristics from the US Food and Drug Administration database, 2015. Relevant preclinical and clinical studies associated with this drug have been discussed with emphasis on efficacy and safety concerns. From the studies done so far, it can be concluded that brexpiprazole can be an effective monotherapy for schizophrenia and as an adjunct to other antidepressant medications in major depressive disorder.
A placebo-controlled crossover study of iloperidone augmentation for residual anger and irritability in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ionescu Dawn F. , Fava Maurizio , Kim Daniel Ju Hyung , Baer Lee , Shelton Richard C. , Cusin Cristina
Published: December 2015

Background:

Even when patients experience remission with antidepressants, many continue to report anger attacks and excessive irritability despite continued treatment. Iloperidone antagonizes 5-HT-2a, D2, and alpha-1 receptors, which can have anti-aggressive effects. We examined iloperidone’s safety and efficacy as an augmentation agent in outpatients with partially remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) with residual symptoms of anger and irritability.

Methods:

A total of 13 outpatients with partially remitted MDD [currently treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)] received four weeks of iloperidone or placebo, followed by one week of washout. Patients were then crossed over to the other treatment arm for 4 weeks. Treatment arms were randomized and double blind; and two sites were used for the study. Analyses compared treatment response using the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) Anger/Hostility Subscale as the primary outcome measure.

Results:

There was no significant differential effect of iloperidone × weeks on the SQ Anger/Hostility Subscore over the course of the study, compared with placebo × weeks, regardless of administration order ( p = 0.77).

Conclusions:

Iloperidone did not significantly outperform placebo on measures of anger or irritability in patients with partially remitted MDD and residual anger/irritability.
Comment on Zigerell (2015): Using Poisson inverse Gaussian regression on citation data
Authors: Fogarty Brian J
Published: December 2015

Zigerell’s recent article in Research & Politics argues that Maliniak et al.’s findings that women are cited less than men in international relations are not robust to alternative specifications. Using Poisson inverse Gaussian (PIG) regression, in this comment, I demonstrate that both papers’ findings are sensitive to empirical specifications. In many model specifications, women are cited less than men, but other specifications either show a null effect or that women are actually cited more than men in international relations. This illustrates that substantive model selections matter a great deal for the conclusions we can make from our data.
Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? How Experiences of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion
Authors: Baumer Eric P. S. , Guha Shion , Quan Emily , Mimno David , Gay Geri K.
Published: December 2015

This article examines social media reversion, when a user intentionally ceases using a social media site but then later resumes use of the site. We analyze a convenience sample of survey data from people who volunteered to stay off Facebook for 99 days but, in some cases, returned before that time. We conduct three separate analyses to triangulate on the phenomenon of reversion: simple quantitative predictors of reversion, factor analysis of adjectives used by respondents to describe their experiences of not using Facebook, and statistical topic analysis of free-text responses. Significant factors predicting either increased or decreased likelihood of reversion include, among others, prior use of Facebook, experiences associated with perceived addiction, issues of social boundary negotiation such as privacy and surveillance, use of other social media, and friends’ reactions to non-use. These findings contribute to the growing literature on technology non-use by demonstrating how social media users negotiate, both with each other and with themselves, among types and degrees of use and non-use.
The Economics of Losing a Loved One
Authors: Maccallum Fiona , Bonanno George A.
Published: December 2015

The tendency for individuals to discount the subjective value of future rewards is a well-established phenomenon. Individual differences in the rate at which one devalues the future have been associated with a range of economic and health outcomes. In this study we investigate future reward discounting in prolonged grief (PG), a potential outcome of bereavement that is associated with significant impairment. A total of 75 bereaved individuals, recruited online, made a series of choices between a small amount of money available immediately and a larger amount available after a specified delay. Greater PG symptomatology was associated with greater discounting of both a small and a relatively larger delayed reward. Results are consistent with findings suggesting that individuals with PG have difficulties orienting to the future and help shed light on economic decision making processes that may contribute to ongoing dysfunction in PG.