bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Orthogonal Polynomials from a Monomiality Principle Point of View
Authors: Cesarano Clemente , Quintana Yamilet , Ramírez William
Published: September 2024

This survey highlights the significant role of exponential operators and the monomiality principle in the theory of special polynomials. Using operational calculus formalism, we revisited classical and current results corresponding to a broad class of special polynomials. For instance, we explore the 2D Hermite polynomials and their generalizations. We also present an integral representation of Gegenbauer polynomials in terms of Gould–Hopper polynomials, establishing connections with a simple case of Gegenbauer–Sobolev orthogonality. The monomiality principle is examined, emphasizing its utility in simplifying the algebraic and differential properties of several special polynomial families. This principle provides a powerful tool for deriving properties and applications of such polynomials. Additionally, we review advancements over the past 25 years, showcasing the evolution and extensive applicability of this operational formalism in understanding and manipulating special polynomial families.
Automatic Method for Extracting Tree Branching Structures from a Single RGB Image
Authors: Yang Yinhui , Lai Huang , Chen Bin , Huo Yuchi , Xia Kai , Huang Jianqin
Published: September 2024

Creating automated methods for detecting branches in images is crucial for applications like harvesting robots and forest monitoring. However, the tree images encountered in real-world scenarios present significant challenges for branch detection techniques due to issues such as background interference, occlusion, and varying environmental lighting. While there has been notable progress in extracting tree trunks for specific species, research on identifying lateral branches remains limited. The primary challenges include establishing a unified mathematical representation for multi-level branch structures, conducting quantitative analyses, and the absence of suitable datasets to facilitate the development of effective models. This study addresses these challenges by creating a dataset encompassing various tree species, developing annotation tools for multi-level branch structure labeling, designing branch vector representations and quantitative metrics. Building on this foundation, the study introduces an automatic extraction model for multi-level branch structures that utilizes ResNet and a self-attention mechanism, along with a tailored loss function for branch extraction tasks. The study evaluated several model variants through both qualitative and quantitative experiments. Results from different tree images demonstrate that the final model can accurately identify the trunk structure and effectively extract detailed lateral branch structures, offering a valuable tool for applications in this area.
Optimizing Network Performance: A Comparative Analysis of EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP in IPv6-Based Load-Sharing and Link-Failover Systems
Authors: Shahid Kamal , Ahmad Saleem Naseer , Rizvi Syed Tahir Hussain
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare how well different routing protocols perform in terms of load sharing, link failover, and overall network performance. Wireshark was used for packet-level analysis, VMWare was used for virtualization, GNS3 was used for network simulation, and Iperf3 was used to measure network performance parameters. Convergence time, packet losses, network jitter, and network delay are the parameters that were selected for assessment. To examine the behaviors of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routing protocols in a variety of network settings, a simulated network environment incorporating both protocols along with Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is created for the research. The setup for the experiment entails simulating different network conditions, such as fluctuating traffic loads and connection failures, to track how the protocols function in dynamic situations. The efficiency metrics for OSPF and EIGRP with BGP are measured and evaluated using the data generated by Wireshark and Iperf3. The results of this research show that EIGRP has a better failover convergence time and packet loss percentage as compared to the OSPF.
Full-Scale Fire Experiment on Mezzanine Racks in Logistics Facilities
Authors: Lee Byeongheun , Jeon Nam , Min Jeongki
Published: September 2024

The increased demand for contactless services has facilitated a rapid increase in logistics facilities. There are shorter distances between the shelf racks used in mezzansine racks in such facilities compared to standard racks and can store various items; however, research on fire safety related to this remains insufficient. In this study, we visited four logistics facilities with mezzanine racks and one logistics facility using shelf racks to investigate their fundamental characteristics. Considering the characteristics of logistics facilities that store various combustibles, a fire test was conducted using unit shelf racks with packaging materials, boxes, and expandable polystyrene (EPS). Shelf racks loaded with corrugated fiberboard, cardboard boxes, and EPS exhibited the highest fire risk and were set as combustibles inside the rack. Before the experiment, the radiative heat flux was measured by considering the spacing distances of mezzanine racks observed on-site. The most frequently measured range was 43.7–67.3 kW/m2 at 1.0–1.5 m. After beginning the fire experiment, when simulating mezzanine racks with aisle widths of 1.2–2.0 m, fire owing to radiative heat occurred within 5 min in the separated shelf racks. Based on the results, we estimate that the minimum separation distance required to prevent radiant heat-based fires between shelving racks inside a mezzanine is 3.2 m. These findings are expected to be utilized in fire prevention by increasing the understanding of the spread of fire in shelf racks.
L-Theanine Ameliorates Obesity-Related Complications Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice: Insights from Transcriptomics and Metabolomics
Authors: Du Zhaofeng , Wu Guohuo , Cheng Huijun , Han Tingting , Li Daxiang , Xie Zhongwen
Published: September 2024

Obesity is a major public health concern globally. Plant-based ingredients have been proposed as alternative treatments for obesity. L-Theanine (THE), a unique nutraceutical component of tea, is known for its neuroprotective and cognitive benefits. However, there are few reports on THE’s effects and mechanisms in improving obesity and its complications. In this study, the alleviating effects and potential mechanisms of THE on obesity-related complications (ORCs) induced by a high-fat diet(HFD) in mice were explored by performing biochemical, hepatic transcriptomics, and plasma metabolomics analyses. The results indicated THE (900 mg/kg of body weight) was effective in mitigating ORCs by decreasing body weight gain and fat deposition, improving glycolipid metabolism disorders, inflammation dysregulation, and alleviating fatty liver formation due to long-term HFD. The hepatic transcriptomics data suggested that THE intervention suppresses the lipid metabolism and inflammation pathways in HFD-fed mice, thereby inhibiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Moreover, plasma metabolomics analysis revealed that THE exhibited positive effects on the homeostasis of plasma metabolite balance, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC(14:0/18:1)), phosphatidylethanolamine (Lyso-PE(14:0)), phosphatidic acid (PA(16:0e/18:0)), stigmasterol, and deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate. These metabolites were strongly correlated with ORC-related indicators. Our results indicated that THE, as a functional food additive, possesses potential for ORC alleviation. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how THE alleviates ORCs needs to be investigated in the future.
Characterization of Peptide Profiles and the Hypoallergenic and High Antioxidant Activity of Whey Protein Hydrolysate Prepared Using Different Hydrolysis Modes
Authors: Cui Qiang , Li Yuting , Li Tingli , Yu Jie , Shen Guanghui , Sun Xiaomeng , Zhou Man , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: September 2024

Food proteins and peptides are generally considered a source of dietary antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity, allergenicity, and peptide profiles of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) using different hydrolysis methods. The results demonstrated that the degrees of hydrolysis of the hydrolysates with one-step (O-AD) and two-step (T-AD) methods reached 16.25% and 17.64%, respectively. The size exclusion chromatography results showed that the O-AD had a higher content of >5 and <0.3 kDa, and the distribution of peptide profiles for the two hydrolysates was significantly different. Furthermore, 5 bioactive peptides and 15 allergenic peptides were identified using peptidomics. The peptide profiles and the composition of the master proteins of the O-AD and T-AD were different. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities of WPHs were measured, and hydrolysates were found to exhibit a strong radical scavenging ability after being treated using different hydrolysis methods. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the sensitization of WPHs was significantly reduced. This study may provide useful information regarding the antioxidant properties and allergenicity of WPHs.
Role and Mechanism of Sialic Acid in Alleviating Acute Lung Injury through In Vivo and In Vitro Models
Authors: Li Dan , Li Fangyan , Zhou Yaping , Tang Yiping , Hu Zuomin , Wu Qi , Xie Tiantian , Lin Qinlu , Wang Hanqing , Luo Feijun
Published: September 2024

Excessive inflammatory reactions are the most important pathological injury factor in acute lung injury (ALI). Our recent study found that sialic acid had an anti-colitis effect. In this study, the effect of sialic acid (SA) on acute lung inflammation was investigated. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI animal model and LPS-stimulated HUVEC cell model were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of SA and study its molecular mechanisms. Compared with the LPS group, the lung index of the SA group decreased from 0.79 ± 0.05% to 0.58 ± 0.06% (LPS + 50 SA) and 0.62 ± 0.02% (LPS + 100 SA), with p < 0.01, suggesting that SA could improve the pulmonary edema of mice and alleviate LPS-induced lung injury. Transcriptome research identified 26 upregulated genes and 25 downregulated genes involved in the protection of SA against ALI. These genes are mainly related to the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our study also proved that SA markedly downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors and blocked the JNK/p38/PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, SA treatment also upregulated the expression of HO-1 and NQO1 in ALI mice. In vitro, SA obviously repressed the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and the JNK/p38-NF-κB/AP-1 pathway. SA also regulated the expression of oxidative stress-related genes through the Nrf2 pathway. Taken together, SA exhibits a protective role by modulating the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation pathways in ALI, and it may be a promising candidate for functional foods to prevent ALI.
Effect of Isolated Scenting Process on the Aroma Quality of Osmanthus Longjing Tea
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Mao Yuxiao , Xu Yongquan , Feng Zhihui , Wang Yuwan , Chen Jianxin , Zhao Yun , Cui Hongchun , Yin Junfeng
Published: September 2024

Scenting is an important process for the formation of aroma quality in floral Longjing tea. There are differences in the aroma quality of osmanthus Longjing teas processed by different scenting processes. The efficient isolated scenting method was employed to process a new product of osmanthus Longjing tea in this study, and this was compared with the traditional scenting method. The volatile compounds of osmanthus Longjing tea were analyzed by a GC-MS instrument. In addition, the effects of scenting time and osmanthus consumption on the aroma quality of Longjing tea were studied. The results indicated that there were 67 kinds of volatile compounds in the osmanthus Longjing tea produced by the isolated scenting process (O-ISP), osmanthus Longjing tea produced by the traditional scenting process (O-TSP), and raw Longjing tea embryo (R), including alcohols, ketones, esters, aldehydes, olefins, acids, furans, and other aroma compounds. The proportions of alcohol compounds, ester compounds, aldehyde compounds, and ketone compounds in O-ISP were higher than in O-TSP and R. When the osmanthus consumption was increased, the relative contents of volatile aroma compounds gradually increased, which included the contents of trans-3,7-linalool oxide II, dehydrolinalool, linalool oxide III (furan type), linalool oxide IV (furan type), 2,6-Dimethyl cyclohexanol, isophytol, geraniol, 1-octene-3-alcohol, cis-2-pentenol, trans-3-hexenol, β-violet alcohol, 1-pentanol, benzyl alcohol, trans-p-2-menthene-1-alcohol, nerol, hexanol, terpineol, 6-epoxy-β-ionone, 4,2-butanone, 2,3-octanedione, methyl stearate, cis-3-hexenyl wasobutyrate, and dihydroanemone lactone. When the scenting time was increased, the relative contents of aroma compounds gradually increased, which included the contents of 2-phenylethanol, trans-3,7-linalool oxide I, trans-3,7-linalool oxide II, dehydrolinalool, isophytol, geraniol, trans-3-hexenol, β-ionol, benzyl alcohol, trans-p-2-menthene-1-ol, nerol, hexanol, terpineol, dihydroβ-ionone, α-ionone, and β-ionone,6,10. The isolated scenting process could achieve better aroma quality in terms of the floral fragrance, refreshing fragrance, and tender fragrance than the traditional scenting process. The isolated scenting process was suitable for processing osmanthus Longjing tea with high aroma quality. This study was hoped to provide a theoretical base for the formation mechanism and control of quality of osmanthus Longjing tea.
Experimental Study on the Impact of High-Frequency Vibration Excitation on Coal Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Xufeng , Niu Zhijun
Published: September 2024

The ultrasonic vibration rock-breaking method has been successfully applied to hard rock due to its high efficiency and controllable energy, providing a novel approach for the development of a more efficient, intelligent, safe, and environmentally friendly reconstruction method for coal and rock reservoirs. By subjecting the rock to ultra-high frequency (>15 kHz) vibration load, rapid fatigue damage can be induced within a short period of time, thereby enhancing the extent of cracking in hard rock. In order to investigate the impact of high-frequency vibration excitation on coal cracking, this study conducted exploratory tests using an independently designed ultrasonic vibration excitation system. These tests were combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and permeability measurements to compare and analyze the pore fracture structure and permeability changes in coal samples under resonant and non-resonant conditions. Additionally, multifractal characteristics of the coal samples were investigated. The results demonstrate that high-frequency vibration excitation leads to significant expansion of micropores and mesopores in coal samples. Moreover, there is a strong exponential relationship between coal porosity/permeability and excitation time. After 40 s of stimulation, both porosity and permeability increase by 32.4% and over 8400%, respectively; these increases are five times higher for resonance-state compared to non-resonance-state conditions. Furthermore, water-saturated coal samples exhibit multifractal characteristics in their NMR T2 spectrum distribution, and multifractal parameters ΔD(q)and Δα show positive correlations with the proportion of mesoporous/macropores but negative correlations with the proportion of micropores; conversely, Δf shows an opposite trend relative to pore proportions. The pore structure of coal exhibits intricate multi-scale characteristics, and the heterogeneity at various scales is quantified through multifractal analysis. This study confirms the feasibility of utilizing high-frequency vibration excitation for cracking coal rocks while also providing valuable insights for further expanding its application.
Improved Hermite–Hadamard Inequality Bounds for Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integrals via Jensen’s Inequality
Authors: Ali Muhammad Aamir , Liu Wei , Furuichi Shigeru , Fečkan Michal
Published: September 2024

This paper derives the sharp bounds for Hermite–Hadamard inequalities in the context of Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. A generalization of Jensen’s inequality called the Jensen–Mercer inequality is used for general points to find the new and refined bounds of fractional Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. The existing Hermite–Hadamard inequalities in classical or fractional calculus have been proved for convex functions, typically involving only two points as in Jensen’s inequality. By applying the general points in Jensen–Mercer inequalities, we extend the scope of the existing results, which were previously proved for two points in the Jensen’s inequality or the Jensen–Mercer inequality. The use of left and right Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals in inequalities is challenging because of the general values involved in the Jensen–Mercer inequality, which we overcame by considering different cases. The use of the Jensen–Mercer inequality for general points to prove the refined bounds is a very interesting finding of this work, because it simultaneously generalizes many existing results in fractional and classical calculus. The application of these new results is demonstrated through error analysis of numerical integration formulas. To show the validity and significance of the findings, various numerical examples are tested. The numerical examples clearly demonstrate the significance of this new approach, as using more points in the Jensen–Mercer inequality leads to sharper bounds.
Efficient Operation of Metropolitan Corridors: Pivotal Role of Lane Management Strategies
Authors: Rivadeneira Ana Maria , Benavente Juan , Monzon Andres
Published: September 2024

Lane management strategies are vital for solving traffic congestion and improving transportation efficiency in metropolitan corridors. These corridors, which facilitate economic and social interactions by connecting major urban areas, face significant challenges such as congestion, environmental concerns, and the need for sustainable growth. Effective lane management involves techniques such as HOV lanes, HOT lanes, reversible lanes, and dynamic toll pricing, which have been implemented worldwide. This study addresses the questions ‘What are the benefits and limitations of lane management strategies in metropolitan corridors?’ and ‘When should decision-makers consider implementing lane management strategies in a metropolitan corridor?’ This paper aims to evaluate lane management strategies to increase the multimodal efficiency of metropolitan corridors. A systematic literature review of case studies reveals that while these strategies significantly reduce congestion and emissions, they also face road safety, compliance, and public resistance issues. In addition, gaps in existing research on metropolitan corridors and lane management will be identified, and areas for future research are proposed. The impacts of new societal trends and evolving urban planning concepts are examined. The study highlights the need for adaptive planning and innovative solutions.
Characterization of Immune Cell Populations and Acid-Sensing Receptors in the Human Esophagus
Authors: Fortea Marina , Hacour Leen , Sancho Francesc , Boada Carlos , Sevillano-Aguilera Cesar , González-Castro Ana María. , Salvo-Romero Eloisa , Lobo Beatriz , Guagnozzi Danila , Ceulemans Laurens J. , Pirenne Jacques , Alonso-Cotoner Carmen , Santos Javier , Farré Ricard , Vicario Maria
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Esophageal inflammatory diseases are frequent diagnoses in clinical practice and have diverse etiologies, the most common being those associated with the exposure to gastric content, drugs and allergens. In diseases, the immunological component is well identified in endoscopic biopsies, which mainly contain the epithelium and the lamina propria; however, deeper layers are less studied. Moreover, the esophageal capacity of sensing luminal compounds is poorly understood. Methods: In transmural sections from proximal, middle and distal esophagus obtained from deceased patients, we performed a phenotypic analysis of the main immune cell populations and acid-sensing receptors by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods. Results: A total of nine donors were studied (absence of pathology, optimal tissue preservation and orientation). We found the following: (1) the vascular papillae and the lamina propria are the most infiltrated layers by the lymphoid lineage (T and B lymphocytes), followed by the epithelium, while the smooth muscular layers are mainly populated by the myeloid lineage (macrophages and mast cells); (2) intraepithelial macrophages are consistently found along the esophagus; and (3) eosinophils are absent in all the esophageal layers. The acid-sensing receptors ASIC-1, ASIC-2 and δENAC are expressed in the esophageal epithelium and in the lamina propria, yet only ASIC-2 is expressed in the muscularis mucosae. Conclusions: The human esophagus contains a differential distribution of immune cells and acid-sensing receptors across its layers. This study extends the esophageal histological knowledge previously described and reinforces its role as a defensive and sensing organ.
A Solidified Controllable Resin System Suitable for Fracture Cavity Formation Plugging and Its Performance Characterization
Authors: Li Shuanggui , Qi Biao , Zhang Qitao , Yang Jingbin
Published: September 2024

Thermosetting resins have good temperature resistance and high strength and have been widely used as plugging agents in oil fields. However, the current resin materials have high costs, and unmodified thermosetting resins are brittle or have deteriorated properties such as flame retardancy after curing to form a crosslinked network structure. In this study, the resin was modified via physical blending. The curing strength and temperature resistance were used as the main indicators. The resin matrix, curing agent, rheology modifier, and filling materials were modified and formulated optimally to form a high-strength resin gel plugging system. The resin gel system exhibited good fluidity and pumpability. When the shear rate was 200 s−1 at 25 °C, the initial viscosity was 300–400 mPa·s. The viscosity gradually decreased with increasing shear rate, and the apparent viscosity had good long-term stability at room temperature. A contamination test of different types of drilling fluids on the resin gel system showed that this system had good anti-contamination capability and could maintain a high curing strength even after being contaminated. At the same time, the system exhibited good plugging capability. A wedge-shaped fracture with an inlet size of 7 mm and an outlet size of 5 mm was plugged at 12.84 MPa for 10 min without leakage. A sand-filling pipe (with a diameter of 3.8 cm and pipe length of 30 cm) connected to the pipeline with a 6 mm outlet was subjected to a constant pressure of 11.29 MPa and plugged for 8 min before breaking through. Therefore, it exhibited good capability for plugging fissures and cavities. The resin gel leakage-plugging system has significant potential to realize effective plugging of the deep large-fracture leakage layer.
Enhancing Dental Alginate with Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale and Green Silver Nanoparticles: A Nature-Enhanced Approach for Superior Infection Control
Authors: Singer Lamia , Beuter Leonie , Karacic Sabina , Bierbaum Gabriele , Karacic Jesenko , Bourauel Christoph
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The study addresses the challenge of cross-infection in dentistry, focusing on improving disinfection protocols for dental hydrocolloid gel materials. This research aimed to incorporate chlorhexidine, natural plant extracts, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into dental alginate to enhance safety and hygiene standards in dental practices. Methods: Conventional dental alginate served as the control, with experimental groups including alginate modified with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX-group) and alginate incorporating AgNPs synthesized from Syzygium aromaticum (SA) and Zingiber officinale (ZO) extracts (SA + AgNPs and ZO + AgNPs groups). Plant extracts were analyzed via GC/MS to confirm their composition. UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX characterized the synthesized AgNPs. Antimicrobial efficacy against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using agar well diffusion assays. The dimensional accuracy of alginate impressions was assessed according to ISO 21563:2021 standards. Results: Chemical analysis of SA and ZO extracts identified 60 and 43 active compounds, respectively, supporting their use in AgNP synthesis. UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs using SA and ZO extracts. Modified groups showed inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), in contrast to the unmodified control. Both AgNP-modified groups demonstrated efficacy comparable to the CHX-group against MRSA and MSSA, with SA + AgNP showing superior performance against C. albicans. The dimensional accuracy of all groups was within clinically acceptable ranges as reported in the literature (0.027–0.083 mm). Discussion: CHX, silver nitrate, and green-synthesized AgNPs present promising options for developing self-disinfecting alginate impression materials. Utilizing plant extracts in AgNP synthesis offers a safe, efficient, and synergistic approach between metal ions and phytotherapeutic agents. This approach could potentially enhance disinfection efficacy without compromising material performance, improving dental safety and hygiene.
In Vitro Culture of Human Dermal Fibroblasts on Novel Electrospun Polylactic Acid Fiber Scaffolds Loaded with Encapsulated Polyepicatechin Physical Gels
Authors: Miranda-Buendia Eliza , González-Gómez Gertrudis H. , Maciel-Cerda Alfredo , González-Torres Maykel
Published: September 2024

Polyepicatechin (PEC) in a hydrogel has previously shown promise in enhancing physiological properties and scaffold preparation. However, it remains unclear whether PEC-based fibers can be applied in skin tissue engineering (STE). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize electrospun PEC physical gels and polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds (PLAloadedPECsub) for potential use as constructs with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). PEC was produced through enzymatic polymerization, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the feasibility of producing PLAloadedPECsub by electrospinning. The metabolic activity and viability of HDFs cocultured with the scaffolds indicate that PLAloadedPECsub is promising for the use of STE.
Genetic Basis of Hearing Loss in Mongolian Patients: A Next-Generation Sequencing Study
Authors: Gombojav Bayasgalan , Erdenechuluun Jargalkhuu , Makhbal Zaya , Danshiitsoodol Narandalai , Purevdorj Erkhembulgan , Jargalmaa Maralgoo , Batsaikhan Tserendulam , Lin Pei-Hsuan , Lu Yue-Sheng , Lo Ming-Yu , Tseng Hsin-Yi , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Wu Chen-Chi
Published: September 2024

Background/Objective: The genetic landscape of sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) varies across populations. In Mongolia, previous studies have shown a lower prevalence of GJB2 mutations and a higher frequency of variants in other deafness-related genes. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variants associated with idiopathic SNHI in Mongolian patients. Methods: We utilized the next-generation sequencing for investigating the causative mutations in 99 Mongolian patients with SNHI. Results: We identified pathogenic variants in 53 of the 99 SNHI patients (54%), with SLC26A4 being the most frequently mutated gene. The c.919-2A>G variant in SLC26A4 was the most prevalent, accounting for 46.2% of the mutant alleles. In addition, we identified 19 other known and 21 novel mutations in a total of 21 SNHI genes in autosomal recessive or dominant inheritance patterns. Conclusions: Our findings expand the understanding of the genetic landscape of SNHI in Mongolia and highlight the importance of considering population-specific variations in genetic testing and counseling for SNHI.
Flavonoid Synthesis Pathway Response to Low-Temperature Stress in a Desert Medicinal Plant, Agriophyllum Squarrosum (Sandrice)
Authors: Zhao Pengshu , Yan Xia , Qian Chaoju , Ma Guorong , Fan Xingke , Yin Xiaoyue , Liao Yuqiu , Fang Tingzhou , Zhou Shanshan , Awuku Ibrahim , Ma Xiao-Fei
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. (A. squarrosum), also known as sandrice, is an important medicinal plant widely distributed in dunes across all the deserts of China. Common garden trials have shown content variations in flavonoids among the ecotypes of sandrice, which correlated with temperature heterogeneity in situ. However, there have not been any environmental control experiments to further elucidate whether the accumulation of flavonoids was triggered by cold stress; Methods: This study conducted a four-day ambient 4 °C low-temperature treatment on three ecotypes along with an in situ annual mean temperature gradient (Dulan (DL), Aerxiang (AEX), and Dengkou (DK)); Results: Target metabolomics showed that 12 out of 14 flavonoids in sandrice were driven by cold stress. Among them, several flavonoids were significantly up-regulated, such as naringenin and naringenin chalcone in all three ecotypes; isorhamnetin, quercetin, dihydroquercetin, and kaempferol in DL and AEX; and astragalin in DK. They were accompanied by 19 structural genes of flavonoid synthesis and 33 transcription factors were markedly triggered by cold stress in sandrice. The upstream genes, AsqAEX006535−CHS, AsqAEX016074−C4H, and AsqAEX004011−4CL, were highly correlated with the enrichment of naringenin, which could be fine-tuned by AsqAEX015868−bHLH62, AsqAEX001711−MYB12, and AsqAEX002220−MYB1R1; Conclusions: This study sheds light on how desert plants like sandrice adapt to cold stress by relying on a unique flavonoid biosynthesis mechanism that regulating the accumulation of naringenin. It also supports the precise development of sandrice for the medicinal industry. Specifically, quercetin and isorhamnetin should be targeted for development in DL and AEX, while astragalin should be precisely developed in DK.
Factors Influencing the Participation of Shared Decision Making in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patient: Protocol of a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Meng Xiangxu , Hong Chengang , Zhang Xingwei
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The “paternalistic decision-making model” is no longer well suited to the modern clinical environment, and therefore, shared decision making (SDM) has emerged as a key approach. Although the benefits of SDM have been largely reported, several studies have reported low participation in SDM in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) model is one of the most frequently employed theoretical frameworks for predicting human behaviors. According to the TPB, intention is influenced by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, while behavior is influenced by both intention and perceived behavioral control. Therefore, we propose a mixed methods study based on TPB to investigate the status of Chinese stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients’ participation in SDM, understand their experiences of SDM, and explore the factors that influence their participation in SDM. Materials and Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be used to explore the study aims, including a quantitative phase, a subsequent qualitative phase, and the final integration study. The quantitative study will use convenient sampling from the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University to conduct a cross-sectional survey (n ≥ 252). The qualitative study will be sampled using the maximum difference sampling method from the quantitative study results, and then the data will be collected through semi-structured interviews (n = 10–20). This study will use descriptive statistics and test hypotheses while considering a p-value of <0.05, which will be considered statistically significant. Discussions: The study employs a mixed method approach with an explanatory sequential design, incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods to comprehensively understand the factors influencing SCAD patients’ participation in SDM. Furthermore, these findings can inform the design of future intervention studies and provide healthcare providers with targeted information and communication to help SCAD patients make the most appropriate decisions. Study participants will be recruited using convenience sampling from just one single clinical setting, which may limit the findings’ generalizability. Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of the School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University (Approval No.: 2024013). All the participants will sign an informed consent form before participating in the survey. The corresponding results and conclusions will be disseminated in journals and conferences after the completion of the study.
Effects of 12 Weeks of Combined Exercise Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Arterial Stiffness, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Women
Authors: Park Wonil , Park Hun-Young , Kim Sung-Woo
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The present study examined the effect of 12-week combined exercise training in normobaric hypoxia on arterial stiffness, inflammatory biomarkers, and red blood cell (RBC) hemorheological function in 24 obese older women (mean age: 67.96 ± 0.96 years). Methods: Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (normoxia (NMX; n = 12) and hypoxia (HPX; n = 12)). Both groups performed aerobic and resistance exercise training programs three times per week for 12 weeks, and the HPX group performed exercise programs in hypoxic environment chambers during the intervention period. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis equipment. Arterial stiffness was measured using an automatic waveform analyzer. Biomarkers of inflammation and oxygen transport (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), and RBC hemorheological parameters (RBC deformability and aggregation) were analyzed. Results: All variables showed significantly more beneficial changes in the HPX group than in the NMX group during the intervention. The combined exercise training in normobaric hypoxia significantly reduced blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: p < 0.001, diastolic blood pressure: p < 0.001, mean arterial pressure: p < 0.001, pulse pressure: p < 0.05) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (p < 0.001). IL-6 was significantly lower in the HPX group than in the NMX group post-test (p < 0.001). Also, EPO (p < 0.01) and VEGF (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the HPX group than in the NMX group post-test. Both groups showed significantly improved RBC deformability (RBC EI_3Pa) (p < 0.001) and aggregation (RBC AI_3Pa) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study suggests that combined exercise training in normobaric hypoxia can improve inflammatory biomarkers and RBC hemorheological parameters in obese older women and may help prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Assessing Misophonia in Young Adults: The Prevalence and Psychometric Validation of the MisoQuest Questionnaire
Authors: Silva Lourival de Almeida , Noll Matias , Siqueira Gabriel Cunha , Barbosa Alana Karolyne N.
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Misophonia, characterized by strong emotional reactions to specific sounds, poses significant challenges, particularly in academic settings. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the MisoQuest in a sample of high school and university students. The primary objective was to assess its reliability and structural validity to enhance understanding of misophonia in young adults. Methods: A total of 549 students (Mean age = 23.2 years, SD = 9.3; 285 females, 260 males, 4 individuals who did not disclose their gender) participated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to evaluate the MisoQuest. Fit indices for unifactorial and trifactorial models were compared. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The EFA suggested a dominant single-factor structure with high factor loadings (ranging from 0.60 to 0.79). However, the CFA revealed excellent fit for both unifactorial (CFI and TLI = 1.00, RMSEA close to zero) and trifactorial models (CFI and TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.037). The MisoQuest demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93). Additionally, 4.5% of participants were identified as positive for misophonia based on a predefined cutoff score of 61. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the MisoQuest is a reliable and valid tool for assessing misophonia. These findings suggest that the instrument may capture multiple dimensions of the disorder. Given the observed prevalence of misophonia and its impact on students, early identification and tailored interventions are crucial for providing adequate support. Further research is needed to refine the tool and expand its clinical utility.
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks Oscillate Seasonal Plasticity of Fruit Metabolism in Melon
Authors: Gong Zihui , Zhang Jiejing , Yang Xiaodong , Deng Guancong , Sun Ji , Xia Yuelin , Hu Zhongyuan , Zhang Mingfang , Yang Jinghua
Published: September 2024

Environmental cues profoundly influence the developmental processes of plants that evolve to produce specific phenotypes. However, the developmental plasticity in response to seasonal changes, particularly temperature and day length, has not been fully understood in fruit development and quality. To explore the mechanism by which the transcriptional network adapts to external environmental changes by regulating metabolism during the development of melon fruits, this study selected the fruits grown under spring and fall conditions and focused on specific phenylpropanoid pathway metabolites, including phenolic acids, lignin, and flavonoids. Significant changes in these compounds result in noticeable differences in fruit quality such as texture, flavor, and color, which are of utmost importance to consumers. Employing co-expression analysis complemented by machine learning, we identified hub genes and pathways governing the metabolic changes, highlighting the influence of temperature and photoperiod cues in mediating the transcriptional regulatory networks. These results provide valuable insights into how fruits adapt to seasonal variability, and drive us to innovate broadly adaptable melon cultivars poised for improved climate resilience in the future.
Protocol for Pre-Selection of Dwarf Garden Rose Varieties
Authors: Narandžić Tijana , Nikolić Ljiljana , Ljevnaić-Mašić Branka , Božanić Tanjga Biljana , Ilić Olivera , Čurčić Milana , Ljubojević Mirjana
Published: September 2024

Ornamental plant breeding enables the selection of cultivars with desired features from numerous genotypes; however, this process is time-consuming and resource-demanding. Aiming to establish a pre-selection protocol that can facilitate the selection of dwarf rose varieties, the connection between anatomical and histological characteristics and the vegetative growth of rose cultivars was examined. To assess the adaptive potential of the studied cultivars, intra-annual cambial dynamics were explored relative to the observed meteorological fluctuations during the growing season. The investigation included six garden rose cultivars from the ‘Reka’ and ‘Pixie’ collections, bred under semi-arid open-field conditions in Serbia. Plant height ranged from 20 to 68 cm, with differing growth habits and types. Vegetative growth was significantly correlated with the xylem/phloem ratio, the proportion of total vessel area relative to cross-sectional and xylem areas, vessel-related features, and porosity (correlation coefficients up to 0.78). Regeneration via cambial activity and the formation of false rings were observed in five of the six cultivars studied, with meteorological analysis suggesting that precipitation and temperature triggered cambial reactivation. This approach effectively targets key parameters in the selection of dwarf and climate-resilient rose cultivars, facilitating the development of reliable pre-selection criteria.
A New Framework for Monitoring and Evaluating Health Impact Assessment: Capitalising on a French Case Study with the Literature in Evaluation
Authors: Jabot Françoise , Romagon Julie , Dardier Guilhem
Published: September 2024

Health impact assessment (HIA) is a prospective approach that aims to identify the potential consequences of policies or projects on health in order to propose measures to make them healthier. Initiated in the late nineties, the approach emerged over ten years ago in France. However, the evaluation of HIA effectiveness remains seldomly practised and its theoretical background should be deepened. The aim of this article is to generate a discussion on how to evaluate HIA effectiveness and contribute to its methodological tooling, drawing on an evaluative experience of multiple French HIAs. Our work is based on an iterative approach between an analysis of the evaluation literature and a critical look at an HIA evaluation. We first carried out the evaluation of three HIAs in 2017–2018, combining a normative approach and qualitative research in order to explore each HIA as a phenomenon in its own context. Two years later, we conducted a self-assessing expertise on this evaluation, supported by an analysis of the literature in the field of public policy evaluation, in order to refine the theoretical framework for evaluating HIA effectiveness and ultimately to enhance professional practice by evaluators. This work led to the production of a logic model that identifies, through three dimensions (context, implementation and governance), the multiple pathways that HIA may take to bring about change. It also seeks to show the interdependence of these pathways towards change and helps identify the key drivers and mechanisms of HIA success. In this respect, it complements existing HIA evaluation models as it can serve both as a generic framework for evaluating HIA effectiveness and as an instrument for monitoring HIA implementation.
Analysis of Oral Microbiota in Elderly Thai Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sritana Narongrit , Phungpinij Atitaya
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that predominantly affects the older adult population. Neuroinflammation may be triggered by the migration of oral microbiota composition changes from the oral cavity to the brain. However, the relationship between oral microbiota composition and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of the relative abundance and diversity of bacterial taxa present in saliva among older adults diagnosed with AD, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls. Saliva samples and clinical data were collected from 10 AD patients, 46 MCI patients, and 44 healthy older adults. AD patients had lower Clinical Dementia Rating, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Mini-mental Status Examination scores, and induced microbial diversity, than the MCI and control groups. Moreover, AD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of Fusobacteriota and Peptostreptococcaceae and lower levels of Veillonella than the MCI and control groups. In conclusion, a high abundance of Fusobacteria at various levels (i.e., phylum, class, family, and genus levels) may serve as a biomarker for AD. The analysis of oral microbiota dysbiosis biomarkers in older adults may be valuable for identifying individuals at risk for AD.
The Association between Healthcare Satisfaction and Social Support and Stress, Depression, and Life Satisfaction in Female Caregivers: The Moderating Role of Dependence of a Sick Child
Authors: Pavić Jadranka , Krznar Mateja , Čukljek Snježana , Sedić Biserka , Ozimec Vulinec Štefanija , Kovačević Irena
Published: September 2024

The caregivers of children suffering from rare diseases face numerous emotional, social, economic, organizational, and other difficulties, which can significantly impair their quality of life and mental health. Therefore, among other things, it is important to understand the factors which can influence psychosocial well-being. This research aimed to explore the association between healthcare satisfaction and social support and stress, depression, and life satisfaction in caregivers, with a moderating role of the ill child’s dependence on their caregiver. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 female caregivers of children with rare diseases. The data were analysed by using hierarchical regression analysis to examine the moderating effect of the child’s dependence. Results: Lower dependence of the child moderated the association between a higher level of healthcare satisfaction and reduced stress and a higher level of life satisfaction. Furthermore, lower child dependence moderated the association between a higher level of social support and a reduction in depression. In contrast, this association was absent in female caregivers with highly dependent children. On the other hand, the research confirmed that a higher level of social support led to stress reduction and increased life satisfaction in all respondents, regardless of the child’s dependence. Furthermore, the research confirmed that higher levels of healthcare satisfaction are associated with a reduction in depression in caregivers, regardless of the child’s dependence level. Conclusion: This research highlights the importance of providing adequate social support and high-quality healthcare in order to improve the psychosocial well-being of caregivers of children with rare diseases. Interventions to increase this support can reduce stress and depression and increase caregivers’ life satisfaction. Thus, future research should focus on the development and evaluation of specific interventions that support these factors.
Integrated miRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms in the Response of Winter Brassica rapa to Drought Stress
Authors: Ma Li , Xu Yanxia , Tao Xiaolei , Fahim Abbas Muhammad , Zhang Xianliang , Han Chunyang , Yang Gang , Wang Wangtian , Pu Yuanyuan , Liu Lijun , Fan Tingting , Wu Junyan , Sun Wancang
Published: September 2024

Drought is a major abiotic stress factor that reduces agricultural productivity. Understanding the molecular regulatory network of drought response in winter rape is of great significance for molecular Brassica rapa. In order to comprehensively analyze the network expression of DEGs and DEMIs in winter rape under drought stress, in this study we used Longyou 7 as the experimental material to identify DEGs and DEMIs related to drought stress by transcriptome and miRNA sequencing. A total of 14–15 key differential mRNA genes related to drought stress and biological stress were screened out under different treatments in the three groups. and 32 differential miRNAs were identified through targeted regulatory relationships, and the mRNA expression of 20 target genes was negatively regulated by the targeting regulatory relationship. It is mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon metabolism and other pathways. Among them, gra-MIR8731-p3_2ss13GA18GA regulated the expression of multiple mRNAs in the three treatments. miRNA is mainly involved in the drought resistance of Chinese cabbage winter rape by regulating the expression of target genes, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism. These miRNAs and their target genes play an indispensable role in winter rapeseed drought stress tolerance regulation.