bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospray of a very viscous liquid in a dielectric liquid bath
Authors: Higuera Francisco
Published: August 2010

Numerical computations and order-of-magnitude estimates are used to analyze a jet of a very viscous liquid of finite electrical conductivity that is injected at a constant flow rate in an immiscible dielectric liquid under the action of an electric field. The conditions under which the injected liquid can form an elongated meniscus with a thin jet issuing from its apex (a cone-jet) are investigated by computing the flow, the electric field, and the transport of electric charge in the meniscus and a leading region of the jet. The boundaries of the domain of operation of the cone-jet mode are discussed. The current transfer region determining the electric current carried by the jet is analyzed taking into account the viscous drag of the dielectric liquid surrounding the jet. Conditions under which the electric current/flow rate characteristic follows a square root law or departs from it are discussed.
Polymer Tubes by Rolling of Polymer Bilayers
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Nandan Bhanu , Luchnikov Valeriy , Zakharchenko Svetlana , Ionov Leonid , Stamm Manfred
Published: August 2010

Polymer micro- and nanotubes are of growing interest for design of microfluidic devices, chromatography, biotechnology, medicine chemical sensors, etc. One approach for the design of tubes is based on use of self-rolling thin films. Here we overview our recent progress in the fabrication of polymeric self-rolling tube.
Assembly of Ag@Au Nanoparticles Using Complementery Stranded DNA Molecules and Their Detection Using UV-Vis and RAMAN Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Mott Derrick , Thuy Nguyen Thi Bich , Aoki Yoshiya , Maenosono Shinya
Published: August 2010

Silver nanoparticles coated by a layer of gold (Ag@Au) have received much attention because of their potential application as ultra sensitive probes for the detection of biologically important molecules such as DNA, proteins, amino acids and many others. However, the ability to control the size, shape, and monodispersity of the Ag@Au structure has met with limited success. In our own research we have addressed this challenge by creating an aqueous wet chemical synthesis technique towards size and shape controllable Ag@Au nanoparticles. These materials are highly interesting because of the tunable silver core size, and the tunable gold shell thickness, opening many avenues to the modification of the particle properties in terms of bio-molecular sensing. The resulting nanoparticle probes were functionalized with two complementary stranded DNA oligonucleotides. When combined, the complementary strands hybridized, causing the Ag@Au nanoparticles to assemble into large nano-structures. The presence of the oligonucleotide was confirmed through a series of techniques including UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, as well as TEM, XPS, DLS, and many others. The results reflect the role that the nanoparticle physical properties play in the detection of the bio-molecules, as well as elucidate the characteristics of the bio-molecule/nanoparticle interaction.
Complex Protein Patterns in Drying Droplets
Authors: Larson Ronald G. Gary , López Marc Alumnà , Lim Dong Woo , Lahann Joerg
Published: August 2010

We demonstrate that deposition patterns formed during drying droplets of aqueous protein solutions are complex, characteristic, and highly reproducible. Substrate, buffer as well as protein type are important factors largely influencing the patterned structure. Specifically, multiple growth zones in what we refer to as “soccer ball pattern” are formed when a droplet of albumin solution in sodium bicarbonate buffer is dried. Each growth zone has periodically patterned, concentric ringed structures surrounding a core at the center. Different macroscopic patterns are also found for streptavidin, fibrinogen, IgG antibody as well as rhodamine B base and polystyrene beads when droplets of their aqueous solutions are dried on the substrates with different degrees of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. Furthermore, distinguishable deposition patterns are formed in drying droplets of aqueous protein solutions containing albumin and fibrinogen at different ratios, suggesting that even the relative abundance of multiple proteins influences the deposition patterns. Since the protein pattern is reproducible for a given protein and variable among different proteins, the protein patterns from drying droplets might be useful to potentially identify a given protein under specific conditions.
Evaporative Deposition of Bacteria from a Sessile Drop: Effects of Suspension Aging
Authors: Baughman Kyle Fisher , Maier Raina M. , Curry Joan E
Published: August 2010

In this work, we report on the evaporative deposition of bacteria from a drying aqueous drop on mica as a function of the bacterial suspension age. For sufficiently aged bacterial suspensions, residues are small and more filled-in than residues formed from fresh suspensions on similarly aged mica. In addition, the interior deposition pattern transitions from a cellular film characteristic of fresh suspensions to a cracked carpet pattern for aged suspensions. Suspension aging related changes in the residues are attributed to accumulation of organic materials such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and other bacterial components in the suspension. The aging process is also observed to be at least partially dependent on ventilation of the suspension during aging.
in vitro Study of a Novel Method to Repair Human Enamel
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Yun Song , Ge Yanjun , Yin Yujing , Feng Hailan
Published: August 2010

The chemical regeneration method of human enamel was improved for the probable clinical application: an oral medical device was designed to significantly reduce the necessary amount of remineralization liquid; the reactive liquid phase system was redesigned, thus the solution could be stored for long time.
Comparisons of ITZ characteristics of marble and sandstone aggregates
Authors: Qian C. , Dong H. , Liu Y.
Published: August 2010

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) has a great influence on the properties of cement-based materials. The ITZ characteristics of marble and sandstone aggregates were compared in terms of the following aspects and methods: morphology of hydration products by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), element ratio of calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) by energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry (EDX), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) crystalline orientation index by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and pore structure by backscattered electron imaging and stereo microscope. An attempt had been made to compare the mechanical properties and transport properties of ITZ by two methods – bending strength and chloride ion permeability. The results showed that a richer calcium hydroxide and a higher crystalline orientation were found in the ITZ of marble–cement paste because of the acidic difference of the aggregates. However, a more porous structure appeared in the interface of sandstone–cement paste, which was attributed to the porous structure of sandstone itself. Also the sandstone–cement ITZ was found to exhibit poor mechanical properties and high permeability.
Studying the production process and mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete: a Hong Kong study
Authors: Ng K.M. , Tam C.M. , Tam V.W.Y.
Published: August 2010

Reactive powder concrete is a relatively new cementitious material. Its main features include a high percentage ingredient of Portland cement, very low water-to-binder (cement + silica fume) ratio, a high dosage of superplasticiser and the presence of very fine crushed quartz and silica fume. Coarse aggregate in normal aggregate concrete is completely replaced by fine quartz sand with particle sizes ranging from 150 to 600 μm. Reactive powder concrete is characterised by ultra-high performance in mechanical properties, particularly in compressive strength; and this could be of tremendous interest to construction practitioners. However, production of reactive powder concrete is not yet available in Hong Kong and limited research is available in this area. This study is an attempt to produce reactive powder concrete using local materials under laboratory conditions. Concrete designed from reactive powder concrete and high-performance concrete is experimentally conducted and compared. The results show that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity are found to be significantly higher than that of high-performance concrete using the same water-to-binder ratio. It is noted that the rate of strength development of the reactive powder concrete samples is greater than that of high-performance concrete. The difference in strength at a later age is even bigger. Compressive strength of about 200 MPa could even be achieved in 3 days for the reactive powder concrete samples when the samples were heat-treated at a temperature of about 250°C for 16 h, which can be explained by the formation of xonotlite under scanning electron microscopy investigation.
Fatigue life and self-induced volumetric changes of CARDIFRC
Authors: Nicolaides D. , Kanellopoulos A. , Karihaloo B.L.
Published: August 2010

A class of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (UHPFRCC) has been developed at Cardiff university and registered under the trade name CARDIFRC. The method of its production and its mechanical and fracture properties were reported previously in a series of papers in Magazine of Concrete Research. Here the results of recent fatigue and shrinkage tests on this material are reported. As with the mechanical and fracture properties, it is shown that an even and uniform distribution of fibres throughout the bulk of the material is crucial to its superior fatigue performance and to the reduction in the shrinkage strains.
Seamless pressure-deficient water distribution system model
Authors: Tanyimboh T. T. , Templeman A. B.
Published: August 2010

Pressure-deficient conditions are a common occurrence in water distribution systems. These situations require accurate modelling for timely decision making. However, the conventional demand-driven analysis approach to network modelling is unsuitable for operating conditions with insufficient pressure. Increasing emphasis is being placed on the need for water companies to satisfy stringent performance standards for the continuous supply of water to consumers and it is those pressure-deficient operating conditions which are critical in determining whether or not adequate supplies can be provided. It is therefore very unfortunate that the demand-driven analysis method becomes invalid for use in precisely those critical conditions. The aim of this paper is to present a new pressure-dependent demand function to help improve the simulation of pressure-deficient conditions. The proposed function has better computational properties than those in the literature and has been incorporated successfully in the governing equations for water distribution networks. In particular, the proposed function and its derivative do not have the discontinuities that often cause convergence difficulties in the solution of the constitutive equations. A robust Newton–Raphson algorithm was developed to model water distribution systems under both normal and pressure-deficient conditions in a seamless way. Examples which demonstrate the methodology are included.
66.3: Low‐Temperature Effect on the Liquid‐Crystal Response Time of Mobile Displays
Authors: Rao Linghui , Gauza Sebastian , Wu Shin‐Tson , Liang Xiao
Published: August 2010

Low‐temperature effect on the liquid crystal response time for mobile displays is investigated. Rotational viscosity, elastic constants and response time of two commercial LC mixtures are studied in the range of −20 °C to 60 °C. At low temperatures, rotational viscosity still follows the exponential law well but elastic constants are ∼30–40% larger than those expected from mean field theory. The responsible physical mechanisms are explained.
67.3: Preferred and Acceptable Color Gamut for Reproducing Natural Image Content
Authors: Sekulovski Dragan , de Volder Robert , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: August 2010

The preferred and maximally acceptable chroma for natural images of mainly one hue is determined using both a tuning and a paired‐comparison task. The results clearly show the need for wide‐gamut displays, but also the limited acceptance of over‐saturated colors. Preference in chroma is dominated by content and individual rather than by hue.
67.4: Relationship between Upper‐Limit Luminance for Surface‐Color Mode Appearance and Preferred Gamut on Wide Gamut Display
Authors: Okui Masahiro , Fujine Toshiyuki , Kanda Takashi , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Sugino Michiyuki , Teragawa Masatsugu , Yamamoto Yoichi , Ohta Noboru
Published: August 2010

To find out preferred range on wide gamut display, subjective evaluation was conducted to investigate preferred color and acceptance limit. The factor found in the experiment that lowers preference is “fluorescent appearance ”. Then simple synthesized images were used to find out the mode boundary between surface color mode and fluorescent appearance. It was clarified that the mode boundary and preferred gamut are closely related.
10.4: Multi‐Wavelength Photolithography for Manufacturing Flexible Electronics
Authors: Jain Ajay , Powch George
Published: August 2010

A novel method of intrinsically self‐aligned photolithography is presented for cost effective manufacturing of polysilicon AM TFT arrays with integrated drivers on large area, flexible substrates, suitable for eventual R2R processes. Multiple patterns are exposed simultaneously into multi‐wavelength sensitive photoresist layers, where all critical coatings have been pre‐deposited, fully obviating repetitive masking steps. The method can significantly reduce processing time and the associated capital costs while increasing quality and yield. Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 12639)
P‐4: Integrated a‐Si TFT Gate Driver with Reducing Clock Duty Ratio
Authors: Chen Shyh‐Feng , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Chen Jing‐Ru , Lin Shih‐Chyn , Yu Chiu‐Mei , Hsu Je‐Hao , Chen I‐Chun
Published: August 2010

A 15 inch wide type LCD using an integrated a‐Si TFT gate driver has been developed. The gate driver driven by the clocks with the duty ratio of lower than 50% can use only one large output TFT to charge and discharge the gate line so that the pull‐down TFT in the gate driver can be eliminated and the required layout area for the gate driver can be also reduced.
P‐10: CMOS‐Like Ambipolar Organic/Inorganic TFTs for AMLCD and AMOLED Applications
Authors: Chu Yi‐Hsing , Wu Gao‐Ming , Chuang Chiao‐Shun , Yu Wei‐Kuan , Chen Fang‐Chung , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Mo Chi‐Neng , Li Huai‐An , Chiang Mei‐Tsao
Published: August 2010

Air‐stable ambipolar thin‐film transistors (TFTs) based on double active layer of pentacene / a‐IGZO (amorphous In2O3‐Ga2O3‐ZnO) have been fabricated on SiO2 /p‐Si substrates. The a‐IGZO exhibits n‐channel behavior, while pentacene presents p‐channel characteristics. Most n‐type organic materials are easily affected by moisture and oxygen, thus the measurement of ambipolar devices in ambience air is difficult. However, a‐IGZO not only has outstanding mobility but also has good stability while being measured in ambient air. In our work, a CMOS‐like inverter was constructed by using two identical ambipolar transistors and the voltage gain up to 70 was obtained. The inverter can be operated in both the first and the third quadrants simplifying circuit design for AMFPD applications.
P‐11: DC/AC Electrical Instability of R.F. Sputter Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O TFTs
Authors: Fung Tze‐Ching , Abe Katsumi , Kumomi Hideya , Kanicki Jerzy
Published: August 2010

The paper presents the study of electrical instability of RF sputter amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) induced by negative steady‐state (or D.C.) bias‐temperature‐stress (BTS). Similarly to positive BTS results [8], the stress time evolution of the threshold voltage shift (Δ Vth) induced by negative BTS under different stress voltages and temperatures can all be described by the stretched‐exponential model. for the first time, we also present the results for Δ Vthunder pulse (or A.C.) BTS. The Δ Vthfor positive A.C. BTS is found to have a pulse‐period dependence while a huge reduction of Δ Vthis found for all negative A. C. BTS results. This might suggest the time for holes to accumulate near the a‐IGZO/ SiO2interface is much longer than the time for electrons. The effect of bi‐polar stressing is also discussed.
P‐16: A Scan Driver Circuit Using Transparent Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Hwang Tong‐Hun , Hong Seok‐in , Hong Won‐kee , Cui Wen‐Hai , Yang Ik‐Seok , Kwon Oh‐Kyong , Byun Choon‐Won , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Cho Kyong Ik
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we proposed two types of integrated scan driver circuits using only n‐channel zinc‐oxide (ZnO) thin film transistors (TFTs). One is the scan driver circuit for low‐power consumption and the other scan driver is for robustness to threshold voltage and mobility variation. The proposed scan driver for low‐power consumption is embedding level shifter and its power consumption was 1.4 mW. The scan driver for robustness used positive feedback circuits as pull‐up devices. By simulation results, the proposed scan driver has robustness in the frequency, temperature, and process variation compared to conventional scan drivers. Also, two proposed scan drivers have advantages of full swing output range from VDD to VSS.
P‐17: High‐Uniformity 2T1C AMOLED Panels by Using a New Built‐In Trimming Method
Authors: Lee Te‐Yu , Chiu Chih‐Chieh , Lin Chrong Jung , King Ya‐Chin , Chang Mei‐Ling , Tseng Chih‐Chiang , Liu Ping‐Lin , Liu Chih‐Chung
Published: August 2010

A new built‐in trimming scheme boosting the driving current through analog programming of the driving pTFT is proposed. The current variation on the panel can be controlled within 1%. This blanket boosting scheme is demonstrated on a 2.4‐inch AMOLED panel with non‐uniformity improved from 8.1% to 4.9%.
P‐18: Highly Stable Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor AMOLED Panel Employing Optical Feedback Compensation Pixel Circuit
Authors: Shin Hee‐Sun , Lee Jeong‐Soo , Park Sang‐Geun , Han Min‐Koo , Yoo Juhn‐Seok , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang InByeong
Published: August 2010

The optical feedback scheme can compensate the threshold voltage variation of TFT and OLED as well as the degradation of OLED efficiency. The new optical feedback pixel circuit integrating a‐Si:H TFT photo sensor which is designed with the reversed diode‐connected TFT is proposed and fabricated. We have fabricated the 0.85 inch AMOLED panels (56 pixels × 84 pixels) employing the new optical feedback pixel circuits. The luminance degradation of AMOLED panel employing the proposed pixel after 12 hours chess board patterned stress is less than 12%, while the conventional one has 37% of luminance degradation.
P‐19: Vth Shift Overcompensation in AMOLEDs for Differential Aging Compensation
Authors: Miwa Koichi , Maekawa Yuichi , Tsujimura Takatoshi
Published: August 2010

AMOLED displays suffer from differential aging of pixels, leading to image burn‐in on a display. Vth shift ofa‐Si TFT can be utilized as a stress monitor of an OLED to compensate for differential aging. A Vth shift overcompensation pixel circuit is proposed and simulation results are provided. The simulation indicates that the Vth overcompensation improves burn‐in lifetime by a factor of 10 compared with a conventional Vth compensation.
P‐20: Light Induced Instability of Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Kim Sun‐Jae , Ha Tae‐Jun , Park Hyun‐Sang , Kuk Seung‐Hee , Kim Yong‐Jin , Han Min‐Koo
Published: August 2010

We fabricated bottom gate nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si) thin film transistor (TFT). We report the instability phenomena of the nc‐Si TFT under light illumination under gate bias stress for the first time. The comparison with hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) TFT was carried out. Under only light illumination was induced, the transfer characteristic of nc‐Si TFT was almost unchanged. Also, positive gate bias stress hardly changed the VTHof nc‐Si TFT, while that of a‐Si:H TFT was shifted considerably. However, under negative bias stress, a‐Si:H TFT showed rather high stability. Instability mechanism under light illumination under gate bias stress was different in nc‐Si TFT and a‐Si:H TFT. The VTHshift of both TFT was opposite direction.
P‐22: A Single Cell‐Gap Transflective LCD with Active Level‐Shifting Technology
Authors: Cho Yong Seok , Yeo Yong Seok , Jang Yong‐Kyu , Ahn Seonhong , Kim Kyeong Hyeon , Kim Sang Soo
Published: August 2010

A novel single cell‐gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) with active level—shifting technology has been developed. Pixel structure design enables different voltages to be independently applied to transmissive and reflective sub‐pixels. The prototype 2.2‐inch vertical alignment (VA) mode transflective LCD achieves a 17% increase in aperture ratio compared to the conventional dual cell‐gap approach. The reflective mode has 15:1 contrast ratio and 3.6% reflectance, and the transmissive mode accomplishes much higher contrast ratio of 500:1, compared to 200:1 for the dual cell‐gap transflective LCD.
P‐23: High On‐Current a‐IGZO TFT
Authors: Lee Jae Sang , Chang Seongpil , Lee Sang Yeol , Koo Sang‐Mo
Published: August 2010

We investigated a‐IGZO TFT with ZrO2 gate‐dielectric having high on‐current. High‐capacitance is necessary to lead high on‐current. Among many candidates, ZrO2 which is one of the most promising high‐k materials has high capacitance originated high dielectric constant. We fabricated a‐IGZO TFTs with ZrO2 gate‐dielectric and analyzed electrical performances. Especially much higher mobility of 26 cm2/Vs and on‐current of ∼6 mA than reported in other previous work are obtained. Also the threshold voltage (Vth), the on‐to‐off current ratio and the subthreshold swing are obtained of 3.6 V, of 9.6 × 106 and 0.6 V/decade, respectively.
P‐182L: Late‐News Poster: Improvements in the Device Performance of Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors by XeCl Excimer Laser Irradiation
Authors: Du Ahn Byung , Shin Hyun Soo , Jeong Woong Hee , Kim Gun Hee , Kim Hyun Jae , Choi Sung‐Hwan , Han Min‐Koo
Published: August 2010

The effect of XeCl excimer laser irradiation on amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin films was investigated. The resistivity of the a‐IGZO thin films dramatically decreased upon their exposure to the XeCl excimer laser compared to that of the as‐deposited thin film from 104 to 10−3 Ωcm. The source/drain regions were selectively laser irradiated in the a‐IGZO channel layer using metal mask for reducing a contact resistance. Our TFT had a field‐effect mobility of 21.79 cm2/Vs, an on/off ratio of 6.0 × 107, a threshold voltage of −0.15 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.26 V/decade.
P‐25: Viewing Zone Connection of Depth Fused 3D (DFD) Display
Authors: Date Munekazu , Andoh Yasuko , Takada Hideaki , Ohtani Yohsimitsu
Published: August 2010

A DFD display consists of a stack of two transparent emitting screens. Though it can produce natural 3D images, its viewing zone has not been particularly wide to date. We expanded it by connecting viewing zones of DFD images.
P‐26: Excellent Image Quality Display with Upgraded AFFS Plus Technology for Automotive Applications
Authors: Park Jung Ho , Oh Eui Seok , Shin Young Joon , Lee Cheol Hwan , Park Kwang Hyun , Lee Jeong Ha , Kim Seung Hwan , Cho Yoon Sung
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we have developed 8.0″ WVGA grade's automotive application with advanced fringe‐field switching (conventional AFFS+) under wide temperature(−40∼105 °C). Besides, we have achieved high contrast ratio(> 1000:1), fast response time(≤ 25ms), excellent color characteristics and wide viewing angle. We propose new AFFS+ design for high image quality Display.
P‐200L: Late‐News Poster: Louver Screens as Multi‐Functional Information Displays
Authors: Daniel Jurgen
Published: August 2010

Louver‐type displays are a novel application for a variety of display technologies. Their form factor and their appearance can be quickly changed by rotating or moving the louver segments. In rooms, this type of display may be placed in the location of a door or window. Other applications such as in advertisement are envisioned.
P‐29: Physiological and Psychological Measurements of Visual Fatigue for TVs in a Home Viewing Environment
Authors: Sakamoto Kiyomi , Aoyama Shoichi , Asahara Shigeo , Yamashita Kuniko , Okada Akira
Published: August 2010

In this study, we experimentally evaluated visual fatigue for large‐Sized TVs in a home viewing environment by physiological and psychological measurements using 42‐ and 65‐inch PDP displays with two kinds of content. for less visual fatigue, the results indicate that the optimum viewing distance lies between 165 and 220 cm, indicating a semi‐absolute distance, rather than such a strict relative distance as three times the screen height (3H). Moreover these results indicate that the viewing distance for less visual fatigue and a closer feeling of involvement might be found in between the two distances.
11.3: Depth‐Image‐Based Rendering (DIBR) Using Disocclusion Area Restoration
Authors: Jeong Young Ju , Kwak Youngshin , Han Youngran , Jung Yong Ju , Park Du‐Sik
Published: August 2010

The embodiment of 3D display has been evolving from stereoscopic 3D system into multi‐view 3D system, which provides images corresponding to the different visual points. Currently because of input source format such as two dimensional image, multi‐view display system needs technology to generate virtual view images of multi visual points. Due to the changes in the visual points, occlusion region of the original image becomes disoccluded area, resulting in problem to restore the output image information which is exclusive of input image. This paper proposes the method for generation of multi‐view images through two steps which are depth map refinement and disocclusion area estimation and restoration. The first step ‘depth map refinement’ removes depth map noise and compensates mismatches between RGB and depth, preserving boundaries and object shape. The second step ‘the disocclusion area estimation and restoration’ predicts disocclusion area using disparity and restore information of the area using neighbor frame's information which is the most similar with occlusion area.
P‐42: 12‐Bit Source Driver with Hybrid Transistor Digital to Analog Converter
Authors: Choi Jin‐Chul , Kim Jong‐Hoon , Kim Sun‐young , Jang Chul‐Sang , Park Joon‐Ha , Nah Keon‐Soo , Shin Hyun‐Ho
Published: August 2010

To develop 10‐bit or higher gray scale source driver for high resolution TFT‐LCD, digital to analog converter (DAC) is a key factor which determines cost since the chip size of DAC is about over 50% ofthat of the source driver. So we have developed new hybrid DAC architecture for a TFT‐LCD source driver integrating a significant number of such DAC to reduce the cost of driver IC.
P‐46: New Display Driving Method for Reducing Motion‐Blur Using Compact Arithmetic Circuits
Authors: Ishihara Tomoyuki , Inoue Akihiko , Kobayashi Masamitsu , Taguchi Minoru , Kumakura Takeshi , Ishida Yutaka , Kamei Katsuhiko , Yamada Akihisa
Published: August 2010

We have developed a new display driving method called Dual Picture Controlled Frame‐Rate Doubling (DPC‐FRD) and installed it in a prototype 52″ LCD TV. We have verified that DPC‐FRD enables the prototype TV to display moving pictures with less motion blur, without reduction of brightness and without large area flicker.
P‐50: The Temperature Compensated VCOM Calibrator Improves LCD Screen Quality
Authors: Kim Byoung Suk , Nachbaur Oliver , Rott Christian
Published: August 2010

This paper will discuss the temperature compensated VCOM calibrator to minimize the flickering and the image sticking of LCD over the entire ambient temperature range. The VCOM calibrator adjusts the VCOM voltage through an I2C compatible interface and provides the temperature compensation by simple external NTC thermistor network. The temperature compensated VCOM calibrator enables the LCD to have the best screen quality and the minimized flicker and image sticking over the entire ambient temperature range.
P‐53: Precise Location of Touch Panel by Employing the Time‐Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Huang Chi‐Fang , Hung Yu‐Ching , Liu Chia‐Lin
Published: August 2010

Using Time‐Domain Reflectrometry proposed in present work, the position of finger touching on a touch panel can be precisely located. This application avoids from the necessary complex matrix sensor circuit for locating touch points. Even based on the present simple idea, the locations of multiple touching points can be detected.
4.1: A Variable Curve Backlight
Authors: Montgomery David J. , Walton Harry , Ishida Takeshi , Tsuda Yusuke
Published: August 2010

A new backlight is presented for flexible applications. The backlight maintains central brightness and on‐ and off‐axis uniformity performance as a normal backlight, but at a large range of curvatures and shapes, from flat to 50mm local curvature. Results from a demonstration sample with a display are presented.
P‐57: Study on the Wet Processable Antimony Tin Oxide (Transparent Conducting Oxide, TCO) Using Anode for PLED Device Instead of ITO
Authors: Song Insung , Ma Dongjoon , Heo Soowon , Moon Dookyung
Published: August 2010

In this study, fabricated a PLED device by using the wet processable Antimony Tin Oxide(ATO) as the transparent electrode instead of the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and measured its electrical and optical characterization. By controlling annealing temperature and thickness of the ATO, 90% or more of visible region transparency and sheet resistance of 30Ω/°C was obtained.
P‐58: Effective Order Assignment for Color Filter Fabs
Authors: Chen James C. , Chao Gary C. , Sun Cheng‐Ju , Chao Kuo‐Jung , Chien Jui‐Wei , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Mo Chi‐Neng , Peng Tzu‐Wei , Wei Yu‐Yao , Feng Chao‐Hsuan , Liu Yu‐Chen , Chiang Mei‐Tsao
Published: August 2010

This research proposes an Order Assignment Policy (OAP) to effectively and efficiently assign orders to color filter fabs. The objectives of this research is to minimize order tardiness and minimize the variance of fab utilization by taking into account fabs ' available capacity and orders ' due date, batch size, product type, and process routing. OAP consists of three modules: Order Priority Module (OPM), WIP‐Pulling Module (WPM), and Order Release Module (ORM). OPM assigns different priorities to orders according different dispatching rules. WPM pulls WIP from the end of the process route to meet the orders in Master Production Schedule (MPS). If WIP cannot meet the MPS requirement, ORM is executed to select one of the fabs and release lots into this fab. An AutoMod simulation model is developed, and data of real color filter fabs are collected and used to evaluate OAP's performance based on the design of experiments. Preliminary simulation results show that the combination of OPM using Earliest Due Date (EDD) and ORM using Least Fab Utilization (LFU) leads to the least average lateness of orders, while OPM using Largest Batch Size (LBS) and ORM using LFU results in the least variance of fab utilization.
P‐60: Surface Modifications of Flexible Gas Barrier Films by Mimicking Structures of Nature
Authors: Choi Jin Hwan , Kim Young Min , Park Young Wook , Jeong Jin Wook , Park Tae Hyun , Dong Ki Young , Kwon Jae Hong , Lee Jin Woo , Cho Gyu Chan , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: August 2010

The present work demonstrates transparent polymeric flexible gas barrier films, via mimicking structures of nature. SiO2 hydrophilic regions have been formed by mesh mask deposition and the nano‐patterned hydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by nano‐imprinting techniques. The characteristics of the moisture repellent hydrophobic surfaces and the moisture transfer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic regions are shown to yield enhanced moisture barrier performances.
P‐61: A Study on the Galvanic Reaction between Cu and Mo as Well as MoW for TFT‐LCDs by Using a Zero‐Resistance Ammeter
Authors: Lee Bo‐Hyun Seo Saing‐Hyuk , Lee In‐kyu , Seo† Jong Hyun , Jeon Jae‐Hong , Choe HeeHwan , Lee Kang‐Woong , Winkler Jörg , Reinfried Nikolaus , Knabl Wolfram
Published: August 2010

Recently, copper metallization has been widely developed in TFT‐LCD industry, because of its lowest electrical resistivity compared to aluminum and its alloys. In addition, the copper metallization becomes a more significant issue in a high frequency driving technology for large sized TFT‐LCD panel. Since copper has a low adhesion force against the glass substrate, copper is inevitably used with an aid of an adhesive metal layer such as Ti, Ta and Mo. When dissimilar metals like copper and molybdenum are exposed together in a wet etchant, a typical galvanic reaction occurs and this results in an undercutting of copper line or partial stains on the metal surface after drying. The suitable taper angle of Cu line is difficult to obtain especially coupled with pure molybdenum. Such failures often lead to a bad performance of thin film transistor and the display quality. There are many literatures related to the copper metallization for TFT. However, a systematic approach on the galvanic reaction occurred in copper multilayered system has not been made. In this work, we investigated a feasibility of molybdenum alloy film (MoW) for copper metallization on the basis of the thin film analysis and the advanced electrochemical techniques such as Zero Resistance Ammeter (ZRA) method.
P‐63: Rib‐Less Ink‐Jet‐Printed 4‐In.‐Panel Color‐Filter Fabrication
Authors: Chen Huang‐Ming P. , Wu Siang‐Jhih , Cheng Jung‐An , Tong Feng‐Ching , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Li Chi‐Hsin , Chou Kevin , Lin Yu‐Hsin L.
Published: August 2010

A 4 “color filter panel was successfully prepared by rib‐less ink jet printing process. The smeared ink issue can be controlled by surface treatment on both Cr and glass with similar contact angle. The color line formation can be prepared by either two‐step printing process at room temperature or one‐step printing at elevated temperature. The thickness of red, green and blue films were about 1.2μm, 1.0μm and 1.0μm, respectively. The panel's NTSC value was estimated at 53.5±0.7%.
P‐64: New Drying Process without Pin‐Mura for Ink‐Jet Alignment Layer Printing of Large‐Sized LCDs
Authors: Tai Chia‐Hsuan , Tung Yuan‐Hung , Huang Yu‐Sheng , You Chang‐Feng , Tu Jung‐Kuo , Sugiura Norio
Published: August 2010

A new drying process has been developed for ink‐jet alignment layer printing technology of large‐Sized LCDs. The system can prevent pin‐mura which was easily appeared in conventional drying process by optimizing independent X‐Z and Y‐Z directionally movable support pins with a single hot‐plate and an exhaust system. This development enabled us to mass‐produce >40″ LCD‐TV panels with high efficiency in our factory.
P‐66: Development of Uniform 14.1 Inch Full Color AMOLED Display by Using Highly Efficient Circular Nozzle Source
Authors: Jung Jae Hoon , Sung Un Cheol , Rhee Jung Soo , Kim Hoon , Kim Hyo Seok , Kim Sung Chul , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Sungmoon , Jeong Kwangho
Published: August 2010

A structure and a design of device were developed to fabricate large‐scaled active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display with a good uniformity and color purity. with these technologies, we developed a full color 14.1 inch WXGA AMOLED display. for the fabrication of AMOLED with very uniform EL layers, a highly efficient thermal evaporation source is essential since it makes uniform thin films. These technologies will make it possible the OLED applications to uniform displays such as laptop monitors and TVs.
P‐187L: Late‐News Poster: Optimized ODF Design Rule for Mobile & Application TFT‐Panel
Authors: Lim Junhwan , Ko Youngyik , Hwang Lyulyun , Park Seungyik , Park Jinsan , Jung Heechul , Hwang Soowoong
Published: August 2010

Small sized TFT‐panel such as mobile & application product have different mura phenomenon comparing large‐Sized TFT‐panel in ODF(one drop filling) process. Unlike large‐Sized TFT‐panel, for small sized TFT‐panel, push mura and bubble is more serious than gravity mura because portable devices such as mobile & application are sensitive to external shocks. We have developed 1.8”, 2.0” and 2.4” TFT‐panel in ODF process. Through these TFT‐panels, we have developed the PS(post spacer)design rule, process margin and method of material developments that reflect correlation with push mura, bubble and side mura. Through these rules, we suggest PS design rule, process rule and material development in order to optimize mobile & application ODF panel.
P‐199L: Late‐News Poster: Development of Large‐Sized AMOLED Manufacturing System
Authors: Kim Hae Won , Han Seok Yoon , Choi Jeong Og , Patrin John , Bresnahan Rich
Published: August 2010

We have developed a system for manufacturing large‐Sized AMOLED devices which can scan sources or a substrate to produce WOLED or full‐colored OLED alternatively. We also have developed a valved organic evaporation source for 4th to 5th generation substrate which enables shutoff during idling time and open process time only. So we could improve the efficiency of material utilization up to 52% with maintaining 2.5% of non‐uniformity within 1100*1300mm2 substrate. We expect this source and system can improve performance and reduce the CoO (Cost of Operation).
12.2: Enhanced Electron Emission of the Cone‐Shaped Emitters with Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Ryu Je Hwang , Lim Han Eol , Son Byoung Taek , Lim Joon Won , Jang Soon Ju , Lee Yi Sang , Jang Jin , Park Kyu Chang
Published: August 2010

We developed novel cone‐shaped emitters with individual carbon nanotips using the resist‐assisted patterning process. The novel cone‐shaped nanotip emitters were arranged in an array with many nano emitters in pre‐patterned diameters of 3 μm. The cone‐shaped nanotip emitters consist of a number of carbon‐based nanostructures such as nanotubes and/or nanofibers with silicon and nitrogen elements at the periphery of each element. The cone‐shaped nano‐emitters strongly adhered to the substrate due to the large area bottom contact which is covered with diffused silicon elements. The growth mechanism and enhanced electron emission of cone‐shaped nanotip emitters was discussed.
P‐73: Objective Evaluations of Manipulating Algorithms on FPD by a 2D‐Colorimeter
Authors: Hsu Shau‐Wei , Chen Cheng‐Hsien , Chung Zong‐Ying , Pong Bao‐Jen
Published: August 2010

Comparisons of CIE‐Lab histograms of tested images on FPDs were performed by measurements with a 2D‐colorimeter. The images were generated by manipulating original images according to FPD characteristics, correlated color temperature, lightness, and saturation. Experiments show that this method provides quantitative and intuitional data for assessments of the manipulating algorithms.
P‐190L: Late‐News Poster: Universal Evaluation of Stereoscopic 3‐D Displays
Authors: Casner Glenn E. , Schultz John C.
Published: August 2010

Recently, various types of stereoscopic three‐dimensional (3‐D) displays have been developed and commercialized. with this increased public awareness and interest in 3‐D displays, the need is rapidly emerging for a universal method to quantitatively compare the various technologies' ability to confer a sense of depth to viewers. In recent years, a number of methods for comparison have been suggested such as crosstalk, visual fatigue, and subjective measures of image quality; however, these methods fail to directly assess the various displays' ability to confer a sense of depth to the user solely on the basis of disparity information. This paper will outline a universal quantitative evaluation of stereoscopic 3‐D display technologies that enables one to quantitatively compare stereoscopic 3‐D displays in terms of their ability to confer a sense of depth to the viewer.
P‐76: A Novel Overdriving Compression System with Low Cost and High Image Quality
Authors: Chao Yue‐Li , Chen Chien‐Hung
Published: August 2010

We have developed an adaptive compression algorithm to reduce the frame memory of overdrive in WUXGA LCDs. The algorithm is implemented without additional line buffers. We provided high image quality having an average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) > 45dB. We integrate a timing controller and SDRAM to a single package.
P‐77: A Novel 2‐D/3‐D Arbitrarily Switchable Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Chou Ming‐Der , Tsai Chi‐Chung , Chang Chih‐Chun , Lien Jan‐Tien , Yang Cheng‐Chen , Tsou Chien‐Lung , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we developed “Mask Key” and “Sub‐Pixel Mode ” LC barrier shutter methods by electrical control and combined these two methods to fabricate 15.4 inch 2D/3D arbitrarily switchable autostereoscopic 4‐view display successfully. It is the first time 3D display can auto‐switch between 2D and 3D mode in the world. Besides, clear 2D and 3D image can be displayed in the same time.
P‐83: An Improvement of Color Difference between Two Eyes of Stereoscopic Display with Glasses
Authors: Yeh Pi‐Chun , Chen Chin‐Wen , Huang Chuan‐I , Wu Yu‐Jim , Shih Chih‐Hung , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: August 2010

A design which reduces the color difference between two views of a stereoscopic display is described. The color difference between two views results due to wavelength dispersion of patterned retarder made by a liquid crystal. The new design employs glasses modified to reduce color differences between two views with a resultant reduction in crosstalk.
P‐84: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps with MgO‐Coated Electrode
Authors: Lee Jae‐Wook , Jung Se‐Hun , Lee Min‐Kyu , Jung Seung‐Jun , Song Hyuck‐Soo , Choi Eun‐Ha , Cho Guangsup
Published: August 2010

Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) adopting MgO‐Coated Electrode are investigated to be a high performance with respect to the reduction of lamp voltage and ignition voltage, the increase of luminance and efficiency, and the reduction of heat‐generation at the electrode in comparison with the conventional CCFLs.
P‐88: Effect of ZnS Treatment by Plasma on Properties of Derived Phosphors
Authors: Ogurtsov Konstantin , Sychov Maxim , Erusin Alexandr , Bakhmetiev Vadim , Gavrilenko Igor , Sosnov Evgeniy , Abramov Dmitriy , Tsvetkova Maria
Published: August 2010

Influence of some parameters of plasma treatment of initial ZnS powder precursor on properties of derived phosphors has been investigated. for this we processed ZnS powder precursor with different parameters of plasma treatment: gases, different times and electric potentials. Electroluminescent phosphors were then synthesized using treated ZnS and EL devices were fabricated. Plasma treatment increased EL and PL brightness and also increased intensity of green band in emission spectra comparing to blue one.
P‐191L: Late‐News Poster: Fabrication of High Efficient Green Emission Zinc Oxide Films at Low Temperature by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Kawaharamura Toshiyoki , Furuta Hiroshi , Hiramatsu Takahiro , Furuta Mamoru , Hirao Takashi
Published: August 2010

Zinc oxide thin films phosphors were successfully prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at low temperature. Strong green emissions with a peak at around 505 nm, and a CL luminescence of about 10,580 Cd/m2 under excitation of 10 kV, 1mA/ cm2 were obtained.
P‐91: Power Reduction Using Adiabatic Charge Method for PDP Driver Circuit
Authors: Chen Wei‐Feng , Nakamura Hirokazu , Sano Yuji
Published: August 2010

Plasma display is using an energy recovery circuit and can be reduced its circuit power consumption. However, further power reduction is necessary for large‐Size high resolution picture of in such as Super HDTV. Our theoretical relative power consumption in ideal adiabatic charge circuit is 0.81, and produced 2 steps adiabatic charge circuit is 0.93 of the conventional energy recovery circuit.
P‐92: Driving Waveforms for Improving Temporal Bright Image Sticking in AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Lim Jae Kwang , Park Choon‐Sang , Tae Heung‐Sik , Ito Kazuhiro , Park Jung Pil , Jung Nam Sung
Published: August 2010

The iterant strong sustain discharge during a sustain period was known to induce an image sticking problem, but its detailed mechanism is not still fully understood. It is found that the rising slope of the sustain waveform has a significant influence on the recovery time of temporal bright image sticking. As a result, the recovery time of temporal bright image sticking is shortened considerably by properly controlling the rising slope of the sustain waveform.
P‐93: New Reset Waveform for High Speed Address under High Ambient Temperature in AC PDP
Authors: Jang Soo‐Kwan , Tae Heung‐Sik
Published: August 2010

Based on the assumption that the wall voltage variation affecting the address discharge delay is deeply related to the exo‐emission of the MgO surface especially under the high ambient temperature, the effects of two parameters such as the interval time between sustain‐ and reset‐period and the ramp‐up holding time of the reset period on the wall voltage variation during the address‐period are examined under the high ambient temperature in the 50‐in. ac‐PDP withfull‐HD resolution. As a result, the new reset waveform with optimal ramp‐up holding time is proposed for a high speed address under high ambient temperature.
P‐94: Discharge Efficiency Study in SMPDP
Authors: Kuang Yawei , Tolner Harm , Qing Li , Di Zhu , Yuan Cui , Xiaowen Zhang , Xiong Zhang
Published: August 2010

The relationship between IR and VUV emission was investigated in an opposed PDP discharge at high Xe content and high voltage levels. The ratio of VIS/IR and the ratio of Efficacy/VIS/IR were determined to analyze the behavior of the xenon excitation efficiency and the electron excitation efficiency as a function of driving voltage and xenon content. We see that the xenon excitation efficiency is almost independent from the driving voltage, and is increasing approximately linearly with the xenon partial pressure.
P‐95: Reduction of Firing Voltages of AC‐PDP Using Low Dielectric Constant Layer
Authors: Huh Yoon Ho , Son Chan Hee , Han Yonggyu , Son Chang Gil , Choi Eun Ha , Cho Guangsup , Hong ByoungHee
Published: August 2010

In this study, we investigated a method for the usage of the dielectric materials with a small dielectric constant in the front dielectric layer of AC‐PDP without the increase of the firing voltage. The firing voltages according to the dielectric constant of the front dielectric layer are calculated quantitatively. The results show the well‐known trend that the firing voltage increases as the dielectric constant becomes small. However, it was newly found that the increase of the firing voltage is caused by the shorten lengths of the discharge paths rather than by the weakened strength of the electric field. So we devised a new structure which can make the discharge path longer. The calculation result shows that the firing voltage of the two‐layer case with a higher dielectric constant materials (ε=12) at the low position and a smaller dielectric constant materials (ε=6) at the upper position is about 10V lower than that of the single layer with dielectric materials of the dielectric constant 6.
P‐99: Field Emission Properties of RNA‐Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Film Using a Spray Method
Authors: Cho Woo‐Sung , Lee Yang Doo , Yu Jung‐Wan , Ju Byeong‐ Kwon , Kim Yong Churl , Park Jung‐Ho
Published: August 2010

Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)‐based field emitters are made by use of a spray method. They were dispersed in transfer‐ribonucleic acid (t‐RNA) aqueous solution and sprayed onto a photoresist‐masked indium tin oxide glass substrate. After left‐off process, well‐defined t‐RNA‐SWNT hybrids pattern array is obtained and they were found to be tightly adhered to the ITO electrode. Good field emission properties were exhibited.