bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision Rate and Risk Factors After Lower Extremity Amputation in Diabetic or Dysvascular Patients
Authors: Wanivenhaus Florian , Mauler Flavien , Stelzer Teresa , Tschopp Alois , Böni Thomas , Berli Martin C.
Published: January 2016

This article reports the revision rate and possible risk factors for lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetes mellitus or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Data were collected from 421 patients with diabetes mellitus or PAD who underwent amputations of the lower extremity at the authors' institution from 2002 to 2012. There was a 25.2% overall revision rate. Mean time from amputation to revision was 244 days (range, 2–2590 days). Patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher rate of revision to a more proximal level compared with patients without diabetes mellitus (type 1: odds ratio [OR]=3.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–11.52;P=.022; and type 2: OR=2.3; 95% CI, 1.07–4.95;P=.033). A significant increase in revision rates was observed from Fontaine stage 0 to IV (stage 0: 17.9%; stage IV, 34.7%;P=.03). Risk factors for revision were diabetic nephropathy (OR=2.26; 95% CI, 1.4–3.63;P=.001) and polyneuropathy (OR=1.68; 95% CI, 1.03–2.73;P=.037). Patients who underwent revision amputation had a significantly younger mean age than patients who did not undergo revision amputation (65.23 years [range, 40–92 years] vs 68.52 years [range, 32–96 years];P=.013). Anticipated amputation in this patient population requires a multidisciplinary approach with optimization of the patient's health. In the authors' clinical practice, the determination of the appropriate amputation level is performed individually for each patient, considering the risk factors identified in this study and the patient's expected mobilization potential, social background, and acceptance of a more proximal primary amputation level. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(1):e149–e154.]
Arthroscopic Decompression for a Giant Meniscal Cyst
Authors: Ohishi Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Daisuke , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: January 2016

The authors report the case of a giant medial meniscal cyst in an osteoarthritic knee of an 82-year-old woman that was successfully treated with only arthroscopic cyst decompression. The patient noticed a painful mass on the medial side of the right knee that had been gradually growing for 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an encapsulated large medial cystic mass measuring 80×65×40 mm that was adjacent to the medial meniscus. An accompanying horizontal tear was also detected in the middle and posterior segments of the meniscus. The medial meniscus was resected up to the capsular attachment to create bidirectional flow between the joint and the cyst with arthroscopic surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 14 months postoperatively showed that the cyst had completely disappeared, and no recurrence was observed during a 2-year follow-up period. An excellent result could be obtained by performing limited meniscectomy to create a channel leading to the meniscal cyst, even though the cyst was large. Among previously reported cases of meniscal cysts, this case is the largest to be treated arthroscopically without open excision. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e166–e168.]
Supine Extensile Approach to the Anterolateral Humerus
Authors: Kuhne Michael A. , Friess Darin
Published: January 2016

The radial nerve is at risk of injury during surgical approaches to the humeral shaft. Previous authors have described an anterolateral approach to the humerus limited by the radial nerve, requiring that distal dissection be carried anterior into a neurovascularly crowded interval. A novel extensile approach is described using a neuromuscular bridge to protect the radial nerve, thus enabling safe distal extension of the anterolateral humerus approach. The authors present a case series of 7 patients who required an extensile humeral exposure. To date, there have been no complications, including loss of reduction, malunion, nonunion, or nerve palsy. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e193–e195.]
Graduate Level Research Methods and Statistics Courses
Authors: Mulvenon Sean W. , Wang Viktor
Published: January 2016

The goal of an educational system or degree program is to “educate” students. This immediately raises the question of what does it mean to “educate” students. All academic institutions, degree programs and content areas are typically expected to answer this question and establish appropriate academic expectations both within the classroom and as part of their specific academic programs. The theme of this special edition is to provide insight on the challenges of improving graduation rates in both undergraduate and graduate education. As a statistics professor, on many occasions the authors have been part of both college and university committees on research methodology, statistics, and other academic requirements associated with graduate education. The purpose this article is to provide an overview of these experiences and the authors' perspective on how to improve success of students in methodology and statistics courses associated with successfully completing a graduate degree.
Navigating Graduate School
Authors: Cambria Jenna
Published: January 2016

Beginning graduate school can be an exciting experience; however, given the new social and intellectual experiences, there will be unique challenges that arise during your graduate program. Within this article, the author shares what was useful, helpful suggestions others have offered her, and pieces of advice she wishes she knew going in. In the author's experience, her lessons learned in graduate school fall under five main categories. These include planning for success, beginning a line of research, writing papers, focusing on learning during coursework, and becoming part of the academic community. In each of these sections she shares with you her experience, as well as the experiences of some peers, so you can learn from some who have already gone through this process. Many of these suggestions come from the author's experience preparing for an academic profession, but these suggestions can be stretched and edited to professional paths outside of academia as well.
The Unknown Unknowns
Authors: Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L. , Dziuban Charles D. , Young Cynthia Y.
Published: January 2016

Graduate education is influenced by trends and events that are political, economic, social, technological, and demographic. These materialize into challenges and opportunities for graduate students, an overview of these is provided in the paper along with recommendations for navigating graduate education, written from the perspective of individuals who have successfully completed graduate school, who have served (or continue to serve) in faculty positions, and who can offer advice via their roles in administration. As expressed through the paper, the opportunities outweigh the challenges, particularly if you are deliberate in your roadmap, relentless in your quest to be informed, are wise enough to know what you don't know and ask questions (lots of questions) until you know the things that were, simply, not on your horizon.
The Scientist-Practitioner
Authors: Dunn Karee E.
Published: January 2016

The purpose of the current work is to present a case for the need to train all graduate students in the field of education in quantitative methodology. The premise for this position is that practitioners like researchers benefit from such training. Through an understanding of research design and statistics, teachers, school leaders, counselors, etc. may become scientist-educators who engage in evidence-based practice, engage in strong educator-researcher collaborations, and possibly join the professoriate and prepare the next generation of scientist-educators. The underlying theme of the article is the extension of the Boulder Model from psychology, the scientist-clinician model, to education in order to benefit all educational practitioners and those with whom they work.
Rhythm and Cues
Authors: McDaniel Rudy , Fanfarelli Joseph R.
Published: January 2016

This essay situates game design and development within the domain of sociotechnical research and reviews the results of a case focusing on the design and development of an original video game level with platformer mechanics. Using a case history methodology with autoethnographic methods, the work studies the context in which small game components are authored and methods by which knowledge is exchanged and applied within rapidly developed software systems. It argues that the designer experience is a critical phenomenon to understand within the study of user experience in video games given the iterative nature of development and the necessity of frequent, in-house playtesting. The video game was designed by the authors and developed using preexisting assets from prior projects. Results suggest ideas for incorporating UX strategies into micro-project management techniques that are useful for small and large projects alike. The work closes by calling for future areas of research in related areas.
Unsuccessful Performance and Future Computer Self-Efficacy Estimations
Authors: Johnson Richard D. , Li Yuzhu , Dulebohn James H.
Published: January 2016

Using data from 100 individuals, this study examined the role of performance attributions (stability and locus of causality) and computer self-efficacy (CSE) for spreadsheets and databases in the training context. The results show that both self-efficacy and attributions (locus of causality and stability) for unsuccessful performance on one software package affected future efficacy estimations for both the same software package (spreadsheet) as well as for a related software package (database). These findings extend previous research by illustrating that through the generality of CSE estimations, users' performance on one software package are related to self-efficacy estimations on a different, distally similar, software application. This suggests that trainers and managers cannot overlook the importance of self-efficacy generality in the design of technology training initiatives. Early, unsuccessful experiences for those with limited technology experience can make it more challenging to adapt to, and learn to use, new technologies.
Social Media Use in the Workplace
Authors: Carlson John R. , Zivnuska Suzanne , Harris Ranida B. , Harris Kenneth J. , Carlson Dawn S.
Published: January 2016

Social media use in the workplace may simultaneously contribute to productive behaviors (task-oriented and relationship-building) as well as unproductive behaviors (deviance) at work. Building on channel expansion theory the authors examine the impact of using social media on these organizational behaviors. Using a sample of 220 working individuals they found that intensity of social media use contributed to greater task-oriented social media behaviors, more relationship-building social media behaviors, and more deviant social media behaviors. Further, the authors examined the moderating effect that preoccupation with social media has on these direct relationships and found that preoccupation diminishes the effect of social media use on both productive and un-productive behaviors.
Fuzzy Controller for Controlling the Observation and Tracking Head
Authors: Krzysztofik Izabela
Published: January 2016

The Observation and Tracking Head is used for automatic searching, observing and tracking targets that are to be destroyed. The paper presents the designed fuzzy controller used to control the location of head axis. The dynamics of the controlled head during the search and tracking of the target was analysed. The results of numerical research are presented in a graphical form.
Modelling of Underwater Robotic Vehicle Motion with Using of Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Garus Jerzy , Studański Ryszard , Vidan Pero
Published: January 2016

The utilization of underwater robotic vehicles has known an increasing importance in many marine activities. The robotic vehicle is equipped with a propulsion system and controlled by a human operator. To simplify tasks of the operator, a control system guaranteeing the automation of elementary robot’s behaviours is often applied. In the paper, a control system supporting the robot spatial motion along a reference path is presented. A waypoint line-of-sight scheme is incorporated and Genetic Algorithms are applied to calculate command signals. Selected results of computer simulations are inserted to demonstrate quality and correctness of the proposed approach.
The Effect of Base Fluid Type in Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Microtubes
Authors: Salman Bassam H. , Mohammed Hussein A. , Kherbeet Akeel S.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, single phase model was used to investigate the effect of base fluid in enhancing the heat transfer for forced convection flow of SiO2 in microtube. Four different types of base fluid such as water, ethylene glycol, engine oil and glycerin were used in this investigation. Reynolds number used was ranged from 10 to 120. The results are presented in terms of axial and wall temperature along the tube radius and tube axis, axial velocity and Nusselt number. The result shows that the glycerin has the highest Nusselt number followed by engine oil, ethylene glycol then water.
Study on Characteristics of Ricinoleic Acid as a Phase Change Material
Authors: Firman  , Wardana I.N.G. , Soeparman Sudjito , Hamidi Nurkholis
Published: January 2016

Today the use of fatty acids as heat storage substance is growing. The use of several types of fatty acids such as oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid as heat storage materials has been studied. But, ricinoleic acid from castor oil has not been studied yet. This study was conducted to ascertain the characteristics of ricinoleic acid as a heat storage material.Methyl ricinoleic was obtained through transesterification of castor oil by methanol with sodium methoxide catalyst. Methyl ricinoleic was then hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide in ethanol to produce ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid was identified by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer) test standard ASTM E 1252-07 and its chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The identification of the type, amount, and environment of hydrogen in the compound was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The analysis on characteristics, that is, transition and melting temperatures of material was performed by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) test standard ASTM D 3419-08.Based on the results of FTIR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR tests, the spectra that were obtained indicated that the test substances were methyl and ricinoleic acid 70.349%. And, the results of DSC tests indicated that the characteristics of ricinoleic acid absorbed and released latent heat at the temperature from 8.58°C and absorbed sensible heat at the temperature from-7.17°C to 8.58°C.
Sintering Mechanisms of Functionally Graded Cemented Carbides
Authors: Konyashin Igor , Lengauer Walter
Published: January 2016

Functionally graded cemented carbides of two types are described. The functionally graded cemented carbides of the first type are of the WC-Co system and comprise gradients of WC grain sizes and/or Co contents. The functionally graded cemented carbides of the second type are Ti-and N-containing cemented carbides comprising gradients of nitrogen, cobalt and Ti-based cubic carbides. Special features and applications of the functionally graded cemented carbides of the both types are presented. Sintering mechanisms explaining the gradient formation in the functionally graded cemented carbides of the both types are summarized.
Sintering and Microstructural Modification of Seeded and Neodymium Doped Lanthanum Hexaaluminate
Authors: Jana P. , Jayan P.S. , Mandal S. , Biswas Koushik
Published: January 2016

The effect of (i) heterogeneous nucleation by seeding or (ii) doping with neodymium on the formation of lanthanum hexaaluminate was studied during sol to gel conversion. The resultant dried gels were calcined at various temperatures starting from 1100°C to 1600°C for 2 h to study the phase evolution and microstructure.The combined effects of advanced sol gel processing and heterogeneous nucleation promoted the formation of lanthanum hexaaluminate phase at lower temperature (1200°C) than the conventional routes (1300°C). Lanthanum hexaaluminate phase was detected at 1200°C and 1300°C in seeded gel (SG) and unseeded gel (UG), respectively. Heterogeneous nucleation of SG decreases the temperature of formation of lanthanum hexaaluminate by 100°C. Single phase lanthanum hexaaluminate was formed at 1600°C in seeded gel whereas trace of lanthanum monoaluminate phase was still present in UG even at 1600°C.On the doped ones, randomly grown platelets of lanthanum magnesium hexaaluminate form a porous interlocking structure. Presence of various percentages of neodymium oxide significantly modifies the porous interlocking microstructure into self-reinforced, card-house like microstructure. Platelets of rare earth rich magnesium hexaaluminate were grown preferentially more than the stoichiometric rare earth magnesium hexaaluminate at elevated temperature greater than 1450°C. Rare earth rich magnesium hexaaluminate platelets formed the skeleton of a card house structure and the tiny platelets of stoichiometric rare earth magnesium hexaaluminate fill the rest. Lattice parameters of the hexagonal unit cell (c and a) decrease, relative density increases and pore size distribution remained almost unaltered with the increment of doping concentration.
Identification of Cutting Shear Stress, Shear and Friction Angles Using Flat End Milling Tests
Authors: Wan Min , Pan Wen Jie , Zhang Wei Hong
Published: January 2016

Orthogonal-to-oblique transformation model, which is formulated based on the cutting database including shear stress, shear and friction angles, can be used to predict cutting forces in high speed milling process and any other machining process. The involved shear stress, shear and friction angles are traditionally identified from abundant number of turning experiments. For the purpose of saving experimental cost, this paper presents a novel method to identify these parameters directly from flat end milling processes. Identification procedures are established by transforming the cutting forces measured in Cartesian coordinate system into a local system. The advantage lies in that in spite of the cutter geometries and cutting conditions, only a few tests are required to develop the model, which is experimentally validated to be effective for predicting the cutting force in terms of magnitude and shape in other machining cases.
Effect of Tool Wear on Surface Qualities in Milling of TC4
Authors: Yang Shu Cai , Cui Xiao Yang , Zhang Yu Hua , Wang Zhi Wei
Published: January 2016

Tool wear is easy occurred in titanium alloy milling process which will affect the surface quality. Surface roughness and surface morphology as an important index to describe and evaluate the surface quality has a great influence on service performance. Therefore, the study on the effect of tool wear on surface qualities is important to improve the surface integrity of titanium alloy parts. Cutting radius of ball-end milling cutter is solved to analyze the effect of tool wear on the cutting radius. The tool wear and the surface qualities of TC4 are achieved through wear experiment. And then the influence law of tool wear on surface qualities and chip morphology are analyzed. The results show that surface roughness value decrease firstly and then increases and that chip morphology with flank wear increase from the unit chip to the serrated chip.
Tool Life Prediction Model Based on GA-BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Liang , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2016

In order to improve the working efficiency of a manufacturing system, tool life estimation is very essential. In this paper, the dominant factors affecting tool life are analyzed by theoretical analysis. According to the nonlinear relationship between affecting factors and tool life, a tool life prediction model based on BP neural network, which is optimized by genetic algorithm (GA), is built up. 15 network patterns are trained to get the best network structure. The accuracy of GA-BP model is verified through computing and compared with the standard BP model. The results show that GA-BP model prediction value is exactly closed to the expected value of tool life and the prediction accuracy can be improved more than 5% compared than the standard BP model. The model is proved to be accuracy and it can be used as an effective method of tool selection decision.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis for the Headstock of a Vertical Machining Center
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Song , Chen Yan , Wang Peng , Zhang Ai Rong
Published: January 2016

Dynamic characteristics of numerical control (NC) machine tools, such as natural frequency and vibration property, directly affect machining efficiency and finished surface quality. In general, low-order natural frequencies of critical components have significant influences on machine tool’s performances. The headstock is the most important component of the machine tool. The reliability, cutting stability, and machining accuracy of a machining center largely depend on the structure and dynamic characteristics of the headstock. First, in order to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration characteristics of the headstock of a vertical machining center, modal test and vibration test in free running and cutting conditions were carried out by means of the dynamic signal collection and analysis system. According to the modal test, the first six natural frequencies of the headstock were obtained, which can not only guide the working speed, but also act as the reference of structural optimization aiming at frequency-shift. Secondly, by means of the vibration test, the vibration characteristics of the headstock were obtained and the main vibration sources were found out. Finally the corresponding vibration reduction plans were proposed in this paper. That provides the reference for improving the performance of the overall unit.
Thermal Deformation Impact Analysis on the Workbench of Large Size Hydrostatic Bearing Plate Structure
Authors: Zhang Yan Qin , Yu Ze Yang , Yang Xiao Dong , Hu Chun Ying , Wang Hua Lin , Shao Jun Peng
Published: January 2016

Thermal deformation of large size hydrostatic bearing rotary workbench is the most direct factor that affects the machining accuracy of work-piece. The thesis puts forward the method of adding reinforcing plate structure to restrain the workbench thermal deformation, establishes three-dimensional supporting workbench model, with finite element method and sequence of fluid-solid coupling technology have carried on the thermal deformation calculation workbench, and reveals the influence law of different installation position of rib plate on the workbench thermal deformation. The results of the study shows that the method of adding reinforcing plate structure to reduce the thermal deformation of hydrostatic bearing worktable is feasible, and determine the optimal position of reinforcing plate by comparing different results.
Rapid Modeling of BTA Deep-Hole Drill Based on Customized Development of NX
Authors: Wu Xue Feng , Luo Wen , Yang Shu Cai
Published: January 2016

Low Pressure Heater is one of important equipment in nuclear power industry; within the manufacturing of plate of heater, the deep-hole drill technology is a key point, and BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) is applied. It is difficult to keep the high-quality hole of BTA due to the poor cutting condition, chip breaking, heat dissipation, and low rigid of the machining system. Therefore, this proposes a high precision to drilling tools, especially the design of the blade is of great importance. Based on the analysis of drill structure, this dissertation uses the method of parametric design which is suitable for NX. Combining the Visual Studio and Microsoft Access platform develops the fast digital modeling software design. The parameterization design can not only realize the rapid modeling of BTA deep-hole drill, but also shorten the design cycle and improve the efficiency of the drill which benefited from the convenient design of the blade, which has a significantly practical application value.
Splenic Long-Lived Plasma Cells Promote the Development of Follicular Helper T Cells during Autoimmune Responses
Authors: Jang Eunkyeong , Cho Wang Sik , Oh Yeon-Kyung , Cho Mi-La , Kim Jung Mogg , Paik Doo-Jin , Youn Jeehee
Published: January 2016

Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) develop under the help of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and reside mainly in the bone marrow. However, these cells are unusually abundant in the spleen of several autoimmune models including K/BxNsf mice, yet their pathogenic impact remains unknown. To investigate a previously unappreciated role of splenic LLPCs, we sorted splenic plasma cells (PCs) from K/BxNsf and K/BxN mice, corresponding to LLPCs and conventional short-lived PCs, respectively, and compared their phenotypes and ability to prime and induce the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effector cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that K/BxNsf PCs had lower levels of the Ag presentation machinery and costimulators than K/BxN PCs, and also a lower CD4+ T cell priming capacity. Autoantigen-pulsed K/BxNsf PCs selectively polarized cognate CD4+ T cells toward the expression of molecules necessary for Tfh development and function. As a result, the K/BxNsf PC-primed CD4+ T cells were more effective in stimulating B cells to produce autoantigen-specific IgGs than K/BxN PCs or even dendritic cells. Adoptive transfer of K/BxNsf PCs, but not K/BxN PCs, to K/BxN mice increased numbers of Tfh cells in draining lymph nodes. These results propose that abnormal accumulation of LLPCs in the spleen of autoimmune models drives the differentiation of autoantigen-primed CD4+ T cells to Tfh cells. This positive feedback loop between splenic LLPCs and Tfh cells may contribute to the persistence of humoral autoimmunity.
Surgical management of gastric cancer: Single center experience from a developing country
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kashif , Syed Aamir Ali , Khattak Shahid , Kazmi Syed Ather , Yusuf Aasim
Published: January 2016

Background: Geographical distributional of gastric cancer (GC), differences in stage at the time of presentation and varying surgical expertise have resulted in different management strategies around the world. The aim of this study is to determine postoperative morbidity/mortality and overall survival in patients with GC treated at a cancer hospital in Pakistan. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent for GC from June 2006 to July 2012 was performed. Primary end point was overall survival after a minimum follow-up of 15 months. For categorical data, frequencies were calculated, and means were measured for continuous variables. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data and Kaplan–Meir survival analysis was performed to estimate 5 years survival outcome using SPSS. Results: Majority of the patients were males with median age of 51 years. Perioperative chemotherapy was offered to 75 patients while upfront surgery was performed in 23 patients. In perioperative chemotherapy group 51 patients and 22 in the upfront surgery group ended up having curative resection. The 5 years survival (n = 98) was found to be of 37%. The 5 years survival of patients in perioperative chemotherapy group (n = 75) was 44% while those who had a curative resection (n = 73) had survival of 46%. Conclusion: Gastric adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease. Perioperative chemotherapy works well in Pakistani population as the results at our institution are comparable with international data.
Engaging Minority Youth in Diabetes Prevention Efforts Through a Participatory, Spoken-Word Social Marketing Campaign
Authors: Rogers Elizabeth A. , Fine Sarah C. , Handley Margaret A. , Davis Hodari B. , Kass James , Schillinger Dean
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

To examine the reach, efficacy, and adoption of The Bigger Picture, a type 2 diabetes (T2DM) social marketing campaign that uses spoken-word public service announcements (PSAs) to teach youth about socioenvironmental conditions influencing T2DM risk.

Design.

A nonexperimental pilot dissemination evaluation through high school assemblies and a Web-based platform were used.

Setting.

The study took place in San Francisco Bay Area high schools during 2013.

Subjects.

In the study, 885 students were sampled from 13 high schools.

Intervention.

A 1-hour assembly provided data, poet performances, video PSAs, and Web-based platform information. A Web-based platform featured the campaign Web site and social media.

Measures.

Student surveys preassembly and postassembly (knowledge, attitudes), assembly observations, school demographics, counts of Web-based utilization, and adoption were measured.

Analysis.

Descriptive statistics, McNemar’s χ2 test, and mixed modeling accounting for clustering were used to analyze data.

Results.

The campaign included 23 youth poet–created PSAs. It reached >2400 students (93% self-identified non-white) through school assemblies and has garnered >1,000,000 views of Web-based video PSAs. School participants demonstrated increased short-term knowledge of T2DM as preventable, with risk driven by socioenvironmental factors (34% preassembly identified environmental causes as influencing T2DM risk compared to 83% postassembly), and perceived greater personal salience of T2DM risk reduction (p < .001 for all). The campaign has been adopted by regional public health departments.

Conclusion.

The Bigger Picture campaign showed its potential for reaching and engaging diverse youth. Campaign messaging is being adopted by stakeholders.
Reliability and Validity of the Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents
Authors: Robbins Lorraine B. , Ling Jiying , Wesolek Stacey M. , Kazanis Anamaria S. , Bourne Kelly A. , Resnicow Ken
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

To examine psychometric properties of a Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents (CPASA).

Design.

Two test-retest studies and a prospective study, approved by a university institutional review board, were conducted in midwestern U.S. urban areas.

Setting.

The first test-retest study occurred in four community centers, the second test-retest study took place in a community school, and the prospective study occurred in eight middle schools.

Subjects.

To measure commitment at baseline and 1 week later, 51 girls in the first test-retest study completed an original 26-item scale, and 91 in the second test-retest study completed a revised 11-item scale. In the prospective study, 503 girls completed the 11-item scale.

Measures.

Commitment was measured via the CPASA. After completing the CPASA, girls in the prospective study wore ActiGraph GT3X-plus accelerometers that measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Analysis.

Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to cross-validate the factor structure.

Results.

For the 11-item CPASA, Cronbach α ranged from .81 to .82, and test-retest reliability was .88. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single factor. The scale was significantly correlated with LMVPA (r = .10) and MVPA (r = .11).

Conclusion.

The 11-item CPASA demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity with girls.
Epidemiology of Goiters in Sri Lanka with Geographic Information System Mapping: Population-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Fernando Ranil , Chandrasinghe Pramodh , Nandasena Sumal , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam
Published: January 2016

Background

Sri Lanka is considered an endemic region for goiter. Early researchers have suggested the existence of a goiter belt based on rainfall pattern. Subsequent studies done in school children have challenged this theory. Current study is a community-based cross-sectional study done to assess the epidemiology of goiters. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping of the goiter prevalence is developed for the first time in Sri Lanka.

Methods

Study subjects were selected using a multi-staged cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. Examination for the presence of goiters was done by two trained investigators and graded. ArcGIS 10 software was used for geostatistical analysis and developing a map by interpolating the data collected for the first time in Sri Lanka.

Results

A total of 5200 individuals (female—66%, median age—38 years; range 10–92 years) were assessed and 426 goiters were detected. The adjusted prevalence rate of goiters was 6.8%. Kriging interpolation method was used to develop the most appropriate epidemiological map clustering of high prevalence areas with scattered pockets of high prevalence was observed. Current map does not show a prevalence pattern in relation to the rainfall or elevation above sea level as proposed in the past.

Conclusion

Goiter prevalence in Sri Lanka appears to be different from earlier proposed patterns. Use of GIS has contributed to develop a comprehensive epidemiological map of goiters demonstrating the absence of an endemic goiter belt in the wet zone as proposed earlier.

How to cite this article

Chandrasinghe P, Fernando R, Nandasena S, Pathmeswaran A. Epidemiology of Goiters in Sri Lanka with Geographic Information System Mapping: Population-based Cross-sectional study. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(3):55-59.
Primary Adrenal Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Mini Review
Authors: Parameswaran Rajeev , Chan Dedrick Kok Hang , Michelle Poon Li Mei , Wang Shi
Published: January 2016

Background

Primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are aggressive high grade lymphomas affecting elderly gentlemen and mostly present with bilateral enlarged adrenal masses associated with B symptoms, adrenal insufficiency and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. When imaged with CT or ultrasound, these lesions usually appear as heterogeneous complex large masses with low density. They appear metabolically active on PET scan. Confirmatory diagnosis is established by image guided biopsy or surgical excision. Treatment is usually with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) or CHOP like regimes. Surgery has very limited role, if any in the management of this condition. The prognosis is generally poor with only about a third of patients achieving partial or complete remission following treatment. A concise review of the literature (PubMed database; 1990–2014) on the clinical management of primary adrenal lymphoma along with a case example is discussed.

How to cite this article

Parameswaran R, Chan DKH, Michelle PLM, Wang S. Primary Adrenal Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Mini Review. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(3):65-68.
A Case of Miliary Nodules, Hemoptysis and Hot Thyroid Cancer: Unusual Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Hu Jesse SL , Parameswaran Rajeev
Published: January 2016

Background

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the commonest thyroid cancer. Patients usually present with thyroid nodule and rarely with hyperthyroidism such that 2009 ATA guidelines recommended that cytological evaluation is not necessary in patients with hyperfunctioning nodules as they rarely harbor malignancy. We report a case of an unusual presentation of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in a young patient.

Case presentation

A 17-year-old girl, presented to our hospital with 3 days of fever, cough and hemoptysis. Chest X-ray showed extensive miliary nodules and was treated for presumed miliary tuberculosis. Biochemical investigations revealed a hyperthyroid state (fT4 55.7 TSH < 0.02), with negative antibodies (TRAB and TSI). Radioisotope scan showed increased uptake on right lobe. She underwent bronchoscopy and biopsy which revealed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Clinical examination revealed a small goiter with palpable cervical node at level III on the left. There were no clinical signs of Graves’ disease and she had no history of previous radiation or family history of endocrine disease. Ultrasound revealed multiple hypodense thyroid nodules with microcalcification and increased vascularity. Ultrasound of the neck showed the presence of abnormal lymphadenopathy.

She underwent total thyroidectomy, bilateral central neck dissection and left lateral modified neck dissection. Histology showed 1.3 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma involving the left lobe and multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinomas involving both lobes. Ten out of 27 nodes were involved. She was BRAF mutation positive.

She recovered well postoperatively and was rendered hypothyroid. She underwent radioiodine ablation which showed no more disease in the neck but unfortunately there was no uptake in the lung metastases.

Conclusion

Metastatic papillary thyroid cancer developing in a young patient with hyperthyroidism is extremely rare and suggests a more aggressive behavior as confirmed by BRAF mutation.

How to cite this article

Hu JSL, Parameswaran R. A Case of Miliary Nodules, Hemoptysis and Hot Thyroid Cancer: Unusual Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(3):72-75.
A PEDAGOGIA ENTRE O PASSADO E A CONTEMPORANEIDADE: APONTAMENTOS PARA UMA RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO EPISTEMOLÓGICA
Authors: Severo José Leonardo Rolim de Lima , Pimenta Selma Garrido
Published: January 2016

Este artigo reúne perspectivas conceituais diversas para discutir o caráter que identifica a natureza científica da Pedagogia. O texto se organiza em duas sessões que compreendem a análise crítica do contexto de significação epistemológica da Pedagogia, focalizando circunstâncias que deram lugar à emergência de diferentes formas de reconhecimento de sua natureza, e apontamentos que evidenciam o estatuto epistemológico da Ciência da Educação. Infere-se que o lugar da Pedagogia entre o passado e a contemporaneidade será determinado pelo enfrentamento epistemológico quanto a sua problemática identitária e que as circunstâncias da educação na sociedade atual revelam a demanda por um sistema de saberes e fazeres educativos que exprimem a necessidade de ressignificação dessa Ciência.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational Issues, Vol. 1, No. 2
Authors: Ann Priscilla
Published: January 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Educational Issues, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2015.
DOES ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE VARIATION AFFECT BODY SIZE OF TWO LOTIC TANYTARSINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) FROM THE NEOTROPICS?
Authors: Siqueira Tadeu , De O. Roque Fabio , Trivinho-Strixino Susana
Published: January 2016

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Whole issue
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn , Langton Peter H.
Published: January 2016

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Correlation between Students’ Self-Efficacy and Teachers’ Educational Leadership Style in Iranian Midwifery Students
Authors: Sohrabi Zohreh , Kheirkhah Masoomeh , Sahebzad Elahe Sadegi , Rasoulighasemlouei Seyedehsahel , Khavandi Siamak
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is believe in and feeling of ability to complete work. One of these factors is educational teachers ' role. This study aimed to determine relationship between teachers’ leadership style and students’ self-efficacy in midwifery students.

METHOD: This Study is a cross sectional correlation study. Sampling was conducted in midwifery students in Bachelor Science degree in 2013. Data collection tools were multi leadership questionnaire and self-efficacy clinical performance. After explaining the goals of study, 97 students completed the questionnaire. Scoring the questionnaire was based on a Liker’s scale (0-5).Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Correlation coefficient test was adopted to investigate the relationship and p value was considered 0.05.

RESULT: Mean of self-efficacy scores were 116.12 (24.66.). In 53.3% of the cases, self-efficacy was good, in 42.2% moderate and in 4.3%, it was bad. The majority of the students (88.9%) reported that their teachers had an idealized style in leadership. About 94.6% of the students with good self- efficacy believed that their teachers’ leadership style was transformational style. There was a significant correlation between self- efficacy and leadership style (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that transformational style is appropriate for midwifery teachers.
Herramientas de cribado para la detección de retrasos o trastornos en el desarrollo: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Alcantud Marín Francisco , Alonso Esteban Yurena , Rico Bañón Darío
Published: January 2016

El objetivo del artículo es analizar los diferentes instrumentos de detección de trastornos o retraso en el desarrollo para valorar la calidad y aplicabilidad de los mismos. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas publicadas en los últimos 25 años (1990-2014) e indexadas en bases de datos internacionales disponibles en línea. El estudio se limita a herramientas de detección basadas en cuestionarios, tests o sistemas de observación de la conducta del niño. Las herramientas o sistemas analizados son valorados según una escala de calidad construida “ad hoc”. Los resultados demuestran una gran variabilidad de herramientas y sistemas de detección, muchos de ellos son cuestionarios de investigación, otros son herramientas de diagnóstico utilizadas con fines de detección. Se pueden clasificar en dos grandes bloques, los construidos en base a los hitos evolutivos cuyo incumplimiento temporal puede significar un retraso en el desarrollo y aquellos otros que, asumiendo el primer principio han seleccionado los hitos que pueden ser precursores de trastornos del desarrollo. En las conclusiones se realizan recomendaciones para la validación de los sistemas de detección en España y la construcción de nuevos.
Interpelaciones desde la diversidad funcional. La (in) justa medida de la capacidad en Chile
Authors: Valenzuela Rabi Ana María
Published: January 2016

Este artículo se enmarca en el contexto de la tesis doctoral “Políticas públicas sobre inclusión educativa: lógicas, mecanismos y configuraciones. Los casos de Chile y Estados Unidos”. Se aproxima a la problemática de la efectividad de las políticas de inclusión educativa, desde la sociología del individuo y el enfoque de investigación realista, para dar cuenta de la naturaleza del cambio social que propone, el modo en que los recursos se encadenan para cumplir con el objetivo y las formas en que son ofertados a los sujetos de la política para su interpretación. La evidencia sugiere que la inclusión es puesta en cuestión por los egresados, sea por los modos de identificación utilizados para acceder, el trato social que se debe sobrellevar para mantenerse una vez incluidos y/o por la valoración de los esfuerzos personales que se hacen para cumplir con las distintas exigencias escolares que el sistema educativo les impone.
Modelos, pseudomodelos y “burbujas terapéuticas” en Atención Temprana
Authors: Belda Oriola Juan Carlos
Published: January 2016

Belda, J. C. (2015): “Modelos, pseudomodelos y ‘burbujas terapéuticas’ en Atención Temprana”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 3 (2): 117-124.
A novel method to obtain proximal plethysmographic information from distal measurements using the impedance plethysmogram
Authors: Gomez-Clapers J. , Casanella R. , Pallas-Areny R.
Published: January 2016

We present a novel method to detect proximal volume changes based on the impedance plethysmogram (IPG) measured from limb to limb with two electrode pairs symmetrically placed at distal areas of the upper or the lower limbs. Since the measurement is sensitive to changes along the whole current path, this method allows us to detect changes in arteries that are more proximal to the torso than the measurement sites. Our results show that the Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) measured from the R peak of the ECG to the hand-to-hand IPG is close to the PAT to the elbow whereas the PAT measured from the R peak of the ECG to the foot-to-foot IPG is close to the PAT to the knee. This opens new avenues for noninvasive cardiovascular measurements based only on electrodes in contact with hands or feet.
Sources of error in AC measurement of skin conductance
Authors: G.Martinsen Ørjan , Pabst Oliver , Tronstad Christian , Grimnes Sverre
Published: January 2016

Alternating current methods have the potential to improve the measurement of electrodermal activity. However, there are pitfalls that should be avoided in order to perform these measurements in a correct manner. In this paper, we address issues like the choice of measurement frequency, placement of electrodes and the kind of electrodes used. Ignoring these factors may result in loss of measurement sensitivity or erroneous measurements with artifacts that contain little or no physiological information.
Na trilha do Le Monde Diplomatique: intelectuais, imprensa e perspectiva crítica (Le Monde Diplomatique’s trajectory: intellectuals, press and critical perspective)
Authors: Ogassawara Juliana Sayuri
Published: January 2016

Ancorado na história dos intelectuais, na história política e na história do tempo presente, este artigo apresenta a trajetória do periódico francês Le Monde Diplomatique, destacando como seus jornalistas e intelectuais contribuíram para a consolidação da linha editorial da publicação. Fundado em 1954, em Paris, por Hubert Beuve-Méry, Le Monde Diplomatique teve suas ideias alastradas por diversos países. Em fevereiro de 2013, o magazine contava mais de 40 edições internacionais, considerado um fenômeno único na imprensa internacional. Ao longo de sua trajetória, Le Monde Diplomatique teve sua linha editorial historicamente marcada por diretrizes politizadas, declaradamente anti-imperialistas e anti-neoliberais.

Abstract

Anchored in the history of intellectuals, the political history and the history of present time, this article analyses Le Monde Diplomatique’s development, highlighting the role played by journalists and intellectuals in the definition of its editorial guideline. Founded in 1954, in Paris, by Hubert Beuve-Méry, Le Monde Diplomatique had its ideas spread across several countries – in February 2013, the magazine had more than 40 international, an unique case in the international press. Throughout time, Le Monde Diplomatique had its style marked by politicized editorial guidelines, professedly anti-imperialist and anti-neoliberal. 

Keywords: Le Monde Diplomatique; Press; Intellectuals.
Emigração portuguesa para o Brasil nos fins do século XIX (Portuguese emigration to Brazil in the late nineteenth century)
Authors: Marques José Alberto Dos Santos
Published: January 2016

A declaração de independência do Brasil, em 1822, não constituiu uma ruptura com Portugal. A presença da corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro 1807-1821 determinou que muitos portugueses se estabelecessem lá. Este processo de instalação gradual das famílias criou algum tipo de fascínio pela terra brasileira. Assim, ao longo do século XIX, os embarques para aquela terra quase sempre foram em busca de fortuna. Em nosso trabalho vamos seguir, por meio da análise dos passaportes emitidos pelo Governo Civil de Lisboa, das listas de passageiros e da correspondência desse movimento do Brasil. De lá, ele vai decorrer uma análise social, econômica, política, cultural e, também, das duas comunidades.

Abstract

The declaration of independence of Brazil, in 1822, did not constitute a rupture with Portugal. The presence of the Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro from 1807 to 1821 determined that many Portuguese established themselves there. This process of gradual installation of the families created some kind of fascination for the Brazilian land. Thus, to the long of the XIX century the embarkments for that land, almost always had been in search of fortune. In our work we will follow, through the analysis of the emitted passports of the lists of passengers and the correspondence of this movement from Brazil. From there it will elapse a social, economic, politic analysis, and also cultural of the two communities.

Keywords: Brazil; Emigration; Portugal; Nineteenth century.