bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statins and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Vogiatzi Georgia , Oikonomou Evangelos , Siasos Gerasimos , Tsalamandris Sotiris , Briasoulis Alexandros , Androulakis Emmanuel , Latsios George , Papaioannou Spyridon , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: October 2017

Background: Chronic inflammation and immune system activation underlie a variety of seemingly
unrelated cardiac conditions including not only atherosclerosis and the subsequent coronary artery disease but
also peripheral artery disease, hypertension with target organ damage and heart failure. The beneficial effects of
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins are mainly attributed to their ability to inhibit hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis.
Beyond their lipid lowering activity, ample evidence exists in support of their potent anti-inflammatory
properties which initiate from the inhibition of GTPase isoprenylation, activating a cataract of secondary pathways
and extend to the inhibition and blocking of immune cell activation and interaction.

Objective: To summarize the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of statins in clinical and experimental settings in
cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane Database was conducted in order to identify the
majority of trials, studies, current guidelines and novel articles related to the subject.

Results: In vitro, statins have immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and they can exert antiatherosclerotic
effects independently of their hypolipidemic actions. In addition, positive results have emerged
from mechanistic and experimental studies on the active role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in HF. By extrapolating
those data in clinical setting, we further understand how HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can beneficially
affect not only systolic but also diastolic HF.

Conclusion: In this review article, we present the basic pathophysiologic data supporting the anti-inflammatory
actions of statins in clinical and experimental settings and we link these mechanisms with confirmatory clinical
data on the potent non lipid lowering effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Monitoring lidia cattle with GPS-GPRS technology; a study on grazing behaviour and spatial distribution
Authors: Lomillos Pérez Juan Manuel , Alonso de la Varga Marta Elena , García Juan José , Gaudioso Lacasa Vicente Ramiro
Published: October 2017

Veterinaria México OA ISSN: 2448-6760Cite this as:Lomillos Pérez JM, Alonso de la Varga ME, García JJ, Gaudioso Lacasa VR. Monitoring lidia cattle with GPS-GPRS technology; a study on grazing behaviour and spatial distribution. Veterinaria México OA. 2017;4(4). doi:10.21753/vmoa.4.4.405.The behavior of grazing cattle has not been studied as much as farmed animals. In certain breeds, reared in extensive systems, human presence can cause an interruption or modification in their ethological patterns moving away from the person watching them. The use of technologies like a Global Position System and a General Packet Radio Service (GPS-GPRS) allows monitoring bovine animals exploited in extensive systems, providing information in real time about distances traveled, home range grazing areas, frequented territories, behavior patterns, etc. In the present work, GPS-GPRS collars were used to monitor 21 cows of to the lidia cattle breed, with different ages, and from three different herds in the Salamanca province (Spain). The study lasted 8 months, the animals being distributed in enclosures of different dimensions and orographic characteristics, geographic position data being collected every 15 minutes. The proper functioning of the GPS-GPRS devices was proven and home range grazing area for each animal has been calculated, with an average of 56 hectares. A graph of animals’ circadian rhythm with the distances traveled for hours has been developed. A trend was observed to start daily activity hours before dawn, diminishing its activity with the evening and overnight, with a night’s rest phase of about 7 hours. We also report daily distance traveled (3.15 km on average), finding differences depending on age, available space allowance/animal, daylight and theseason. Our results could be of relevance for a better pasture management using enclosures of size that increase the use of all the surface available.Figure 3. Image of fencing No. 5 positions of the 3 animals monitored. Red, Yellow, Blue.
The Characterization Of Cohorts: A Review Of Generations Y & Z
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh Kumar , Srivastava Medha
Published: October 2017

Today, when social diversity is more evident than ever and social dynamics are volatile as ever, the biggest challenge before a marketer is to devise an effective and comprehensive scheme of segmentation in order to reach the right audience for her offer. Generations sew the social fabric all over the world and the social setting where multiple generations reside together is indeed a challenge encompassing multitude of opportunities for the marketers. Present paper endeavors to understand the concept of generation and various terms used to classify the cohorts. Moreover, it aims to delineate the characteristics or features of these cohorts in an attempt to offer a generalized picture for marketers to base their marketing strategies upon. In order to avoid losing focus and producing just a generalized snapshot of various generations, this paper focuses upon generations Y and generation Z who are the most active customers and consumers in today's market place. Athorough and comprehensive review of existing literature demonstrates that both the generations share common traits on account of most of the parameters of comparison. However, there are particular characteristics of each that render them uniqueness and a distinct personality and these characteristics have been summarized at the end of the paper to offer a succinct account of comparison between generation Y and Z.
Employment Relations System in the SMEs Sector: A Study on the Hospitality Sector
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Sarkar Partha
Published: October 2017

The present paper highlights certain aspects of employment relations in the SME sector in India with special reference to the hospitality sector. Based on the inputs obtained from the different stakeholders through structured interviews, the authors have analysed the 'actors', 'context' and the 'processes' in the perspective of employment relations system in the hospitality SME sector. Moreover, questionnaire survey and focus group interviews have been conducted with a group of employees with a view to recognise and analyse the relevant issues in a better way. The study has been carried out in select hotels in Varanasi. The unique aspects of the different 'actors' of employment relations in the Indian hospitality SME sector have been examined. The paper also highlights the relevance of 'context' in the employment relations system. Finally, the authors have developed a model on employment relations system in the hospitality SMEs sector.
Intervention of HRM in Management of Un-Organized Service Industry in India
Authors: Sharma Gouri Shankar , Aagarwal Gaurav
Published: October 2017

From traditional era to modern era of industrialization changed so much, we saw so many changes in manufacturing and service industry in India. Now day's government also promoting small scale companies mostly in service sector and even in India more than 80% of service sector are un-organized, where so many small players came to the field of service industry and they did so many changes in the field of service delivery. Earlier Service industries were runs and management by different government control agencies or by the government itself. Late 80s and 90s so many private stake holders came into the service sector. Government also developed PPP model of investment and management. These companies are setup and run by government sponsored facilities and incentives. At present time service is one the major industry were large number of humans are involved like other construction, mining and steel sectors etc. So, it became much more important to adopt modern HRM interventions to manage un-organized service institution India.
Designing a Simulation Based Cost Effective Control System for Logistics Management of Entrepreneurial Stratups: a Case Study on Logistic Firm
Authors: Parihar Shwetank , Bhar Chandan
Published: October 2017

The study develops a model based on simulation for logistics management. The author'sopinions are collected in the form of literature survey and major points of concern were collected and infused in the model development of the whole of the firm. The case study is of alogistics firm where the parameters are collected and then a simulation model is designed. The modelis designed on ARENA software. The parameters of the case industry are placed in the model and then it is simulated for over .1 million hours. The result shows that the lead time related problems leads to a large waiting time for the batches. This way the study helped in analyzing the risks and it involves the use of simulation for centrally monitoring the logistics management firm for fluctuations or risks.
Health Care Professionals� Clinical Perspectives on Glycemic Control and Satisfaction With a New Blood Glucose Meter With a Color Range Indicator: Online Evaluation in India, Russia, China, and the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Grady Mike , Katz Laurence Barry , Anderson Pamela , Levy Brian Leonard
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

We previously demonstrated in patients with diabetes that displaying blood glucose results in association with color improved their ability to interpret glucose results.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of health care professionals (HCPs) in specific countries about the value of color on a new glucose meter and to determine if HCP perspectives among countries differ on the value of this approach in clinical practice.

METHODS

A total of 180 HCPs, including 105 endocrinologists, 34 primary care physicians, 25 diabetes educators, and 16 pharmacists, were recruited from India (n=50), Russia (n=50), China (n=50), and the United States (n=30). These HCPs experienced the OneTouch Select Plus Simple glucose meter online from their own office computer using interactive demonstrations (webpages, meter simulator, and video clips). After providing demographic and current clinical practice insights, HCPs responded to questions about the utility of the color-enhanced glucose meter.

RESULTS

Mean age and years in their current professional role for the 180 HCPs was 41.3 (SD 8.1) and 13.3 (SD 6.8) years for endocrinologists, 41.3 (SD 8.3) and 14.1 (SD 6.8) years for primary care physicians, 37.5 (SD 8.7) and 12.7 (SD 6.8) years for diabetes educators, and 35.9 (SD 5.3) and 9.5 (SD 5.2) years for pharmacists. In all, 88% (44/50) of Russian and 83% (25/30) of American HCPs said their patients find it easy to recognize low, in-range, or high blood glucose results compared to 56% (28/50) of HCPs in China and 42% (21/50) in India. Regardless of country, HCPs had less confidence that their patients act on blood glucose results with 52% (26/50) in Russia, 63% (19/30) in the United States, 60% (30/50) in China, and 40% (20/50) in India responding positively. During the interactive online meter experience, HCPs from all countries responded positively to questions about a meter with color features. After reflecting on the value of this meter, most HCPs strongly agreed or agreed their patients would be more inclined to act on results using a meter with color features (Russia: 92%, 46/50; United States: 70%, 21/30; China: 98%, 49/50; India: 94%, 47/50). They also said that color was particularly useful for patients with lower numeracy or education who may struggle with interpreting results (Russia: 98%, 49/50; United States: 77%, 23/30; China: 100%, 50/50; India: 82%, 41/50).

CONCLUSIONS

This multicountry online study provides evidence that HCPs had high overall satisfaction with the OneTouch Select Plus glucose meter, which uses color-coded information to assist patients with interpreting blood glucose results. This may be especially helpful in patient populations with low numeracy or literacy and limited access to health care and direct interaction with HCPs.
PREPARATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AND CHOLECALCIFEROL MICROSPONGES FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Zia Rabia , Nazir Akmal , Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal , Maan Abid Aslam , Rashid Ayesha
Published: October 2017

Objective: Apart from having various physiological functions in the body, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) also have a key role in skin protection. However, their bioavailability is quite limited in the skin, and therefore, many cosmetic products are supplemented with these vitamins, which are usually associated with stability issues. To avoid these issues, here we report on the preparation of microsponges of these vitamins for topical application.Methods: The microsponges were prepared through various emulsification-solvent evaporation methods involving single (O/O, O/W) or double (W/O/O, W/O/W, S/O/W) emulsion. The organic internal phase was consisted of Eudragit® RS 100 polymer dissolved in an organic solvent such as acetone or dichloromethane, at a constant polymer to drug ratio of 2:1. The prepared microsponges were characterized for their entrapment efficiency, droplet size and uniformity, core to wall interaction, and surface morphology.Results: It was found that the W/O/W and S/O/W are suitable methods for the preparation of vitamin C microsponges and O/W is a suitable method for the preparation of vitamin D3 microsponges; ensuring an encapsulation efficiency of around 56-59% and 93%, respectively. The average diameter of vitamin C and D3 microsponges was typically around 56-68 μm and 48 μm, respectively.Conclusion: It is possible to encapsulate both water and oil soluble vitamins in a microsponge system at an appreciable entrapment efficiency. The findings of the present study are expected to play a vital role in the development of cosmeceuticals.
ANTICLASTOGENICITY OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA STEM EXTRACT AGAINST ARSENIC GENOTOXICITY IN MUS MUSCULUS BONE MARROW ERYTHROCYTES USING MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY
Authors: Ambasta S. K. , Kumari S. , Sinha Uk
Published: October 2017

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate anticlastogenic potential of ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem against arsenic induced genotoxicity.Methods: In the experiment twenty five animals were taken and divided into five groups and each group contain five animals. Group 01(control) and fed on tap water while the rest four (02, 03, 04, 05) groups were treated with 4 mg/kg body weight, per orally sodium arsenite for 8 w. Sodium arsenite pretreated groups 04 and 05 were followed by dose of 80 mg/kg body weight of 5% ethanolic solution of the test plant stem extract for a next 8 w. Bone marrow cells were collected in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution and smeared on a slide followed by double staining (Giemsa and Harris hematoxylin).Results: High index of micronucleus frequency was observed in the groups 02 and 03 in contrast to group 01(control) while micronucleus frequency dramatically reduced in 04 and 05 groups. The mean number of micronucleus scored/2000 cell was found to be 2.6, 19.2, 20.2, 7 and 6.8 in group 01, 02, 03, 04, 05 respectively. Arsenic treated mice (03) showed remarkable increase (p≤0.001) in micronucleus frequency when compared to the corresponding values for control group (01). The percentage micronucleus frequency (mean and standard deviation) was markedly decreased (p≤ 0.019) when group 04 was compared with arsenic treated animals (group 02) and (p≤ 0.001) while group 05 was compared with arsenic treated animals (group 03) for their corresponding values.Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown that T. cordifolia may be used as a preventive herbal drug against chemical or arsenical toxicity which leads to damage of genetic materials.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE 2(TG2) BY IN SILICO APPROACH
Authors: Madagi Shivkumar B. , Parvatikar Prachi. P
Published: October 2017

Objective: TG2 is multifunctional protein. The up regulation leads into different pathological disorders. The objective of the present study was the prediction of a structural feature of TG2 (Tissue transglutaminase) protein with in silico approach.Methods: In this study, we have investigated the structural feature of TG2 by using various biological databases (uniprot, NCBI, Pfam) and online tools such as BLAST, PDBsum, protoparam tools.Results: The predicted structure of TG2 protein has shown that amino acid residues conserved throughout the sequence in selected mammals. During the course of evolution, mammalian TG2 protein is orthologus; human TG2 shares its characters with chimpanzee while mice and rat were closely related to each other. This protein was mainly cytosolic but also present in other cell organalles. It has four catalytic domains and three active sites with multiple metal binding domain specifically for calcium. The pI value was 5.11, GRAVY-0.283. The phosphorylation sites were present at serine and threonine. The structure was a monomer with 14 alpha helices and 9 sheets. Ramachandran plot showed about 98% residues in the favoured region.Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggest that the predicted TG2 protein may act as a good therapeutic target. Targeting phosphorylation sites may help in down regulation of TG2. The modelled protein can be used for further work.
ISOLATION OF 2-CHLOROBENZIMIDAZOLE FROM MELIA DUBIA LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION
Authors: Jeyaleela G. Dayana , Monisha S. Irudaya , Vimala J. Rosaline , Immaculate A. Anitha
Published: October 2017

Objective: Natural products from medicinal plants, either as isolated compounds or as standardized plant extracts exhibit promising source of medicinal activity against various diseases. The aim of the present work was to make an attempt of isolation of bioactive principle and characterization of the isolated compound, from the medicinal plant Melia dubaiMethods: The extraction was done by a cold percolation method and the compound was separated and isolated by chromatography technique such as a thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolated compound was crystallized and the structural characterization of the isolated compound was made using UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS and MS techniques which confirmed the structure of the isolated compound.Results: The separated and isolated compound was characterized by both physical and spectral methods like Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Mass spectrometry(MS). Based on the studies, organizational characteristics of one bioactive principle were deciphered. The results revealed that the isolated species is 2-chlorobenzimidazole and it agreed well with the reported value and spectra for 2-chlorobenzimidazole.Conclusion: The above results obtained in this research work clearly indicated the promising occurrence of 2-chlorobenzimidazole in Media dubia plant leaves. The future scope of these studies may guide us to view the biological activity of the isolated compound.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CO-CRYSTALS OF CARBAMAZEPINE WITH GLUCOMANNAN
Authors: Hardikar Sharwaree , Bhosale Ashok , Vanave Swati , Kamathe Bhagyashree
Published: October 2017

Objective: The objective of the present work was to inhibit transformation of carbamazepine anhydrous to its dihydrate form in aqueous medium by adopting the co-crystal approach.Methods: Co-crystallization of carbamazepine and glucomannan as co-former was carried out by solution mediated phase transformation. The solution of carbamazepine and glucomannan in ethanol (95%) was agitated for 2 h and the co-crystals obtained were recovered after 24 h.Results: Co-crystal formation due to hydrogen bonding between carbamazepine and glucomannan as a co-former was confirmed by FTIR study. Inhibition of transformation of co-crystal of carbamazepine to carbamazepine dihydrate in aqueous medium was confirmed by SEM.Conclusion: Inhibition of transformation of carbamazepine co-crystal to its dihydrate form resulted in its improved dissolution. Dissolution efficiency of carbamazepine in its co-crystal was increased up to 79.26% within 30 min.
ALLEVIATION OF FLUORIDE INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND FECUNDITY OF SPERMATOZOA OF RATS BY BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA L.
Authors: Shashi A. Shashi A. , Khan Imtiaza
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present study focused on the effect of oral administration of sodium fluoride on antioxidant status and fecundity of spermatozoa of rats and also to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Boerhaavia diffusa L.Methods: Wistar male rats (weighing 100-150g) were administered sodium fluoride (at three different doses 100, 200 and 300 ppm/kg BW) daily for 20 and 40 d. At the end of the experimental period, half of the animals were sacrificed and their epididymis was removed. Remaining half rats were administered B. diffusa (250 and 500 mg/kg BW) for 20 d. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was estimated. Sperm morphology, count, motility and viability were also determined.Results: There was a dose-dependent significant decrease in activity of SOD (p<0.01) and CAT (p<0.05), and increase (p<0.01) in the level of MDA in experimental rats as compared to the control group. Sperm count, motility and viability were also decreased significantly (p<0.0001) in rats treated with fluoride. The fluorotic rats exhibited morphological abnormalities in the head (amorphous, hookless, double headed and bent), tail (coiled, hairpin looped, double-tailed) and body (short, large and presence of protoplasmic process) of spermatozoa as compared to control group. These toxic effects were reversed by the administration of leaf extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L.Conclusion: The results suggest that Boerhaavia diffusa L. extract attenuates fluoride exerted disruptions to spermatozoa
EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC, HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS
Authors: Surana Yuvraj Singh , Ashok Purnima , R. Rajendran
Published: October 2017

Objective: To evaluate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of polyherbalformulation (PHF) aqueous extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, serum insulin and glycosylate haemoglobin (HbA1C) were determined in normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the PHF for 45 d. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in kidney and liver tissue. Histopathological changes in diabetic rat vital organs were also observed after PHF treatment.Results: Daily oral administration of PHF (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w.) and metformin (5 mg/kg, b.w.) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P<0.001) and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The PHF treatment also enhances serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group. Furthermore, the PHF has favourable effects on histopathological studies, in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes. Antioxidant enzymes and GSH levels were found to be significantly increased and levels of MDA were decreased in treated diabetic animals.Conclusion: PHF possesses antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. PHF has also showed favourable effect on histopathological changes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic animals.
EXPLORING STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF NATEGLINIDE POLYMORPHS USING POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Authors: Goyal Parnika , Rani Dimpy , Chadha Renu
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present manuscript highlights the structural aspects of some polymorphic forms of nateglinide using powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern.Methods: All the polymorphic forms were isolated as microcrystalline powder, therefore, powder diffraction patterns was used as a tool to determine the crystal structure. For this, Reflux Plus module of BIOVIA Material Studio software was used. Polymorph prediction (PP) and crystal morphology analysis were performed to estimate the global minimum in lattice energy landscape and morphologically important (M. I.) facets, respectively. Besides this, to investigate the behavior of polymorphs in solution phase, in vitro studies (enthalpy of solution, solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate) were also performed.Results: A new form MS was prepared and characterized. The Form H, B, MS and S were found to exist in space group P-1, C2, P-4 and P-42C, respectively. These crystal structures were found to lie on local minima in crystal energy landscape. The stability ranking of nateglinide polymorphs follows the order: Form MS<Form B<Form H<Form S.Conclusion: This research work demonstrates that PXRD is a valuable alternative for determining the structure of microcrystalline powders.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF BUOYANT IN SITU GELLING SYSTEM OF VALSARTAN USING NATURAL POLYMER
Authors: Prasanthi S. , Vidyavathi M.
Published: October 2017

Objective: Currently natural polymers have wide spread importance in fabrication of controlled drug delivery systems. Hence in this study ocimum basilicum mucilage, (OBM) a natural polymer used to know its effect as polymer alone and in combination with HPMC K15M and Guargum in oral in situ floating gel of Valsartan using 3 full level factorial design.Methods: FTIR studies conducted to know major drug polymer interactions. OBM, HPMC K15M and Guargum were chosen as three independent variables and examined at 3 levels for in vitro buoyancy (Y1) and drug release at 10 h (Y2) as responses. By using mathematical model approach formulation variables were quantitatively evaluated, and optimized formulation (VFIG) subjected for in vitro buoyancy, density, pH, in vitro drug release, drug content, gelling capacity and drug release kinetics. In addition VFIG studied for In vivo buoyancy and release kinetics.Results: FTIR studies revealed that excipients were compatible with drug. ANOVA results shown that independent variables have significant effect (p<0.05) on both the responses. Observed responses of optimized formulation (3 % OBM, 0.88 % HPMC and 1.25 % Guar gum) were in good agreement with the experimental values. Results of all in vitro evaluations lies within the limits and drug release kinetics followed non-fickian diffusion mechanism. In vivo buoyancy study in rabbit evidenced floatation for>8 h and in vivo pharmacokinetic study exhibited increased bioavailability of optimized formulation.Conclusion: Prepared VFIG with optimized concentrations of OBM, HPMC K15M and Guargum exploiting as a promising dosage form for enhanced gastric delivery.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY FOR TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS EXPANSION IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Moura Ana Carolina Machado Russo De , Mosegui Gabriela Bittencourt Gonzalez , Vianna Cid Manso De Mello , Cordeiro Benedito Carlos
Published: October 2017

Objective: Brazil is one of the countries with the largest number of cases of tuberculosis worldwide; Rio de Janeiro exhibits some of highest mortality and incidence rates in the country. The aim of the present study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of directly observed therapy (DOT) and simulate its expansion for new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro.Methods: A decision tree was plotted that simulated the progression of the disease for six months. In the cost-effectiveness analysis, strategies of self-administered treatment (SAT) and DOT (directly observed therapy) with 100% coverage were compared; the current coverage, 48%, and coverage of 100% were considered with regard to expansion. The study was based on the epidemiological pattern of tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro among adults from both genders and without economic differences; the government perspective was adopted. The outcomes were varied to investigate the occurrence of parametric sensitivity.Results: Although the cost of treatment was increased by three times, DOT proved to be cost-effective for the treatment of new cases, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of BRL 30,454 per saved life. Expansion of DOT coverage would avert 180 deaths and 171 instances of treatment dropout, in addition to providing an additional 420 instances of cure, with an investment of approximately BRL 6,700,000.00.Conclusion: DOT might contribute to improving the current tuberculosis situation in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Its expansion would fit with the resources estimated by the Brazilian government needed to combat non-drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diagnosed Diabetes: A Nationwide Analysis Based on Claims Data From 65 Million People in Germany
Authors: Jacobs Esther , Hoyer Annika , Brinks Ralph , Kuss Oliver , Rathmann Wolfgang
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

In Germany, as in many other countries, nationwide data on mortality attributable to diagnosed diabetes are not available. This study estimated the absolute number of excess deaths associated with diabetes (all types) and type 2 diabetes in Germany.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A prevalence approach that included nationwide routine data from 64.9 million people insured in the German statutory health insurance system in 2010 was used for the calculation. Because nationwide data on diabetes mortality are lacking in Germany, the mortality rate ratio from the Danish National Diabetes Register was used. The absolute number of excess deaths associated with diabetes was calculated as the number of deaths due to diabetes minus the number of deaths due to diabetes with a mortality that was as high as in the population without diabetes. Furthermore, the mortality population-attributable fraction was calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 174,627 excess deaths were due to diabetes in 2010, including 137,950 due to type 2 diabetes. Overall, 21% of all deaths in Germany were attributable to diabetes and 16% were attributable to type 2 diabetes. Most of the excess deaths (34% each) occurred in the 70- to 89-year-old age-group.

CONCLUSIONS

In this first nationwide calculation of excess deaths related to diabetes in Germany, the results suggest that the official German estimates that rely on information from death certificates are grossly underestimated. Countries without national cohorts or diabetes registries could easily use this method to estimate the number of excess deaths due to diabetes.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS GRADUADOS DEL PROGRAMA DE CONTADURÍA PÚBLICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LA AMAZONIA 2013-2015.
Authors: Cano Carlos Alberto Gómez , Castillo Verenice Sánchez , Fajardo María Yenny , Gabriel Gustavo Trucco Gabriel , Garzón Damari Cifuentes
Published: October 2017

Existe un vínculo entre la Universidad y los individuos durante el proceso de formación, cuando el estatus de estudiante cambia a graduado, el nivel de relacionamiento es cada vez más débil. Esta dinámica configura la pérdida de una gran oportunidad de mejoramiento, pues la realidad, la experiencia y la percepción de los profesionales posibilitan diseñar acciones de mejora. En el caso del Programa de Contaduría Pública de la Universidad de la Amazonia- Colombia, se desconoce su nivel de ocupación, la igual que la correspondencia entre su formación y desempeño laboral. Es por lo anterior, que presente artículo busca tener claridades alrededor de la ocupación de este grupo de estudio, a partir de cuya aproximación se puedan rescatar opciones de mejor para el programa mismo. Metodología. El presente estudio se realizó en la Universidad de la Amazonia, en el Municipio de Florencia, Departamento del Caquetá. La investigación fue empírico- analítico de tipo exploratoria, descriptiva con instrumentos de tipo cuantitativo Resultados y Discusión. Los graduados en su mayoría están desempeñándose laboralmente en lo que estudiaron, pero eso guarda estrecha relación con que esta era su actividad antes de iniciar los estudios, sin embargo, los niveles de ingresos y formación posgradual son relativamente bajos. Conclusiones. La universidad debe diseñar estrategias que cualifiquen los medios de comunicación e interacción con los graduados, así como incentivar el acceso al portafolio académico.
ALGORITMOS Y SISTEMAS BASADOS EN PATRONES DE CÉLULAS MADRES Y CLONACIÓN ARTIFICIAL PARA LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN Y CONTROL DE UNA OPERACIÓN ENSAMBLE EN PROCESOS METALMECÁNICOS
Authors: Camperos July Andrea Gómez , Moner Antonio Faustino Muñoz , Guerrero Oscar Eduardo Gualdrón
Published: October 2017

En el presente trabajo se muestra el desarrollo de Algoritmos y sistemas basados en patrones de células madres y clonación Artificial aplicada en una operación de ensamble en procesos metalmecánicos de fabricación; la metodología de Clonación Artificial aplicada, surge como una alternativa para el desarrollo de medios, equipos de medición y de control avanzados, que permiten responder a las exigencias de lamodernización industrial, a través de réplicas funcionales (clones) de sensores, controladores y actuadores basadas en técnicas de inteligencia artificial; en ellos se aplican métodos y procedimientos de clonación artificial y computación evolutiva.
PELECEHAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK
Authors: Sari Ratna , Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad , Irfan Maulana
Published: October 2017

Anak adalah investasi dan harapan masa depan bangsa serta sebagai penerus generasi di masa mendatang. Dalam siklus kehidupan, masa anak-anak merupakan fase dimana anak mengalami tumbuh kembang yang menentukan masa depannya.Perlu adanya optimalisasi perkembangan anak, karena selain krusial juga pada masa itu anak membutuhkan perhatian dan kasih sayang dari orang tua atau keluarga sehingga secara mendasar hak dan kebutuhan anak dapat terpenuhi secara baik. Anak seharusnya dapat tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi manusia yang sehat jasmani dan rohani, cerdas, bahagia, bermoral tinggi dan terpuji, karena di masa depan mereka merupakan aset yang akan menentukan kualitas peradaban bangsa.
PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DARI BAHAYA KEKERASAN
Authors: Listyani Anita , Taftazani Budi Muhammad , Resnawaty Risna
Published: October 2017

Artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh semakin merebaknya kasus pelanggaran hak anak. Padahal anak merupakan aset negara yang akan menentukan keberhasilan suatu negara di masa yang akan datang. Dimana untuk menghindari terjadinya pelanggaran akan hak anak, setiap individu diharuskan untuk memiliki kesadaran awal akan pentingnya menjaga dan melindungi hak anak. Hak anak dapat terpenuhi dengan didukung oleh keberhasilan seorang anak dalam memenuhi tugas perkembangan sesuai umurnya dan juga kebutuhannya sebagai seorang anak. Pihak-pihak yang bertanggung jawab dalam hal ini yaitu mulai dari yang paling dekat dengan anak, ialah orang tua dan keluarga, kemudian masyarakat pada umumnya, kemudian barulah negara dan pemerintah. Apabila anak-anak tidak berada dalam pengawasan yang tepat, mereka dapat beresiko dilanggar hak-haknya oleh pihak-pihak tidak bertanggung-jawab seperti pada kasus di panti asuhan The Samuels yang melanggar hak 6 orang anak penghuni panti tersebut. Dimana anak-anak panti disana tidak mendapatkan hak untuk tumbuh, berkembang, dan berpartisipasi secara wajar, juga hak untuk mendapatkan perlindungan dari kekerasan, hak untuk memperoleh identitas diri, hak untuk mengetahui orang tua kandungnya, hak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan jaminan sosial, dan hak untuk memperoleh pendidikan yang sesuai. Pemenuhan kebutuhan dan tugas perkembangan anak ini dapat dimulai dari setiap individu yang dimulai dengan kesadaran diri sendiri, dimana ketika melihat adanya kondisi yang berpotensi memunculkan suatu pelanggaran hak anak, melaporkan kondisi tersebut kepada KPAI yang menyediakan pelayanan untuk melindungi anak.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK-HAK ANAK DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN ANAK
Authors: Fitri Anissa Nur , Riana Agus Wahyudi , Fedryansyah Muhammad
Published: October 2017

Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana kondisi anak di Indonesia.Khususnya tentang bagaimana pemenuhan kebutuhan anak.Kesejahteraan adalah kondisi dimana semua kebutuhan hidup seseorang bisa terpenuhi dan bisa mencapai kepuasan.Anak adalah salah satu yang harus diperhatikan kesejahteraannya, baik itu kesejahteraan lahir, kesejahteraan batin, maupun kesejahteraan sosialnya karena anak merupakan individu yang akan meneruskan cita-cita bangsa dan menjadi generasi penerus suatu negara.Saat ini, kondisi anak di Indonesia yang masih perlu untuk ditangani oleh pemerintah dan pihak-pihak lainnya karena kesejahteraannya yang bermasalah.Banyak hal-hal yang menjadi penyebab tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan dan hak-hak anak, pemenuhan hak – hak anak yang dirampas dikarenakan mereka harus bekerja serta pengaruh kondisi psikososial anak ketika mereka bekerja akan mempengaruhi proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak tersebut. Untuk mengurangi permasalahan anak tersebut, pemerintah telah banyak melakukan upaya untuk menanggulagi permasalahan pekerja anak yang menyebabkan anak tidak sejahtera, namun masih belum cukup efektif untuk menyelesaikannya.Tentu saja hal yang seperti ini harus diperbaiki. Karena anak merupakan generasi masa depan yang harus diperhatikan kesejahteraannya agar perkembangannya pun baik. Salah satu yang harus diperhatikan tentang perlindungan dan kebutuhan hak anak adalah tentang efektifitas Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, karena dalam undang-undang tersebut telah dibahas bagaimana seharusnya kita memperlakukan anak agar anak dapat hidup sejahtera dan mendapatkan perlindungan serta pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dan haknya.
PELAYANAN SOSIAL BAGI ANAK JALANAN DAN ORANG TUA ANAK JALANAN DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF PEKERJAAN SOSIAL
Authors: Ummuhanifah Intifadah , Zainuddin Moch. , Basar Gigin Ginanjar Kamil
Published: October 2017

Anak jalanan merupakan istilah yang dipakai untuk anak-anak yang hidup di jalan yang umumnya sudah tidak memiliki hubungan dengan keluarganya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi Indonesia saat ini adalah Program penanganan anak jalanan yang dilakukan pemerintah dinilai belum efektif mengurangi jumlah anak jalanan. Banyak program penanganan anak jalanan yang hanya berfokus pada penanganan anak jalanan saja tidak kepada orang tua anak jalanan. Pekerjaan sosial adalah pelayanan profesional yang didasarkan pada pengetahuan dan keterampilan ilmiah guna membantu individu, kelompok maupun masyarakat agar tercapainya kepuasan pribadi dan sosial serta kebebasan. Pelayanan sosial itu sendiri adalah pelayanan yang digunakan untuk semua (communal services) yang berkepentingan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan sosial dan mengurangi jenis-jenis masalah sosial tertentu, khususnya, kebutuhan-kebutuhan dan masalah-masalah yang memerlukan penerimaan publik secara umum atau tanggung jawab sosial dan yang tergantung pada pengorganisasian hubungan-hubungan sosial untuk pemecahannya. Dalam artikel ini akan membahas mengenai pelayanan sosial kepada anak jalanan dan orang tua anak jalanan ditinjau dari proses pekerjaan sosial, yang dilakukan oleh Lembaga Sosial. Adapun tahap-tahap pelayanan yang diberikan sosial meliputi assessment, planning, intervention, evaluation, termination, dan follow up. Upaya peningkatan pelayanan sangat diperlukan oleh pengurus Lembaga Sosial dan Pekerja Sosial, agar tercipta pelayanan sosial yang lebih baik bagi anak jalanan dan orang tua anak jalanan.
PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK JALANAN MELALUI RUMAH PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Senja Nanda Aidiel , Rachim Hadiyanto A , Darwis Rudi Saprudin
Published: October 2017

Anak jalanan anak jalanan adalah anak laki-laki atau perempuan yang menghabiskan sebagian waktunya untuk bekerja atau hidup di jalanan dan tempat-tempat umum. Diantara mereka juga ada yang sudah tidak punya orangtua dan rumah untuk mereka pulang, sehingga mereka harus hidup dijalan. Kerentanan yang bisa menimpa anak jalanan, antara lain: (1) korban operasi tertib sosial; (2) korban tindak kekerasan orang dewasa; (3) kehilangan pengasuhan; (4) ancaman kesehatan dan penyakit menular; (5) kehilangan kesempatan pendidikan; (6) konflik dengan hukum; dll. Sejatinya anak-anak jalanan hanyalah seorang anak yang kehidupannya masih bisa diperbaiki dan dikembangkan ke arah yang lebih baik. Melalui metode pemberdayaan, anak jalanan dapat diberikan pelatihan keterampilan dan juga pemenuhan kebutuhan mereka yang akan berguna bagi mereka kelak. Salah satu cara pemberdayaan anak jalanan adalah melalui lembaga rumah perlindungan anak. Secara ringkas fungsi rumah perlindungan anak antara lain: sebagai tempat perlindungan, tempat rehabilitasi dan akses terhadap pelayanan. Sebagai tempat perlindungan, rumah perlindungan anak berfungsi untuk melindungi anak jalanan dari berbagai bentuk kekerasan dan perilaku penyimpangan seksual ataupun berbagai bentuk kekerasan lainnya yang kerap menimpa anak. Sebagai tempat rehabilitasi, rumah perlindungan anak berfungsi untuk mengembalikan dan menanamkan fungsi sosial anak. Sedangkan sebagai akses terhadap pelayanan, rumah perlindungan anak berfungsi sebagai tempat persinggahan sementara anak jalanan dan sekaligus akses kepada berbagai pelayanan sosial seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, keterampilan dan lain-lain. Didalam rumah perlindungan anak, anak jalanan juga diberikan pelatihan-pelatihan keterampilan, partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan yang menyangkut anak tersebut dan pelibatan dalam berbagai kegiatan yang membangun karakteristik anak jalanan. Sehingga di dalam rumah perlindungan anak, anak-anak jalanan dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya dan dapat mengembangkan potensi dirinya agar bisa lebih berdaya dan bermanfaat.
PENERAPAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN PEKERJA SOSIAL OLEH RELAWAN DALAM PENDAMPINGAN KEPADA ANAK PENDERITA KANKER
Authors: Arliani Pradini Nur’amalia , Sulastri Sri , Taftazani Budi M.
Published: October 2017

Kanker dapat menyerang bagian manapun dari anggota tubuh manusia dan tidak memandang usia manusia. Kanker bisa juga terjadi pada anak-anak. Bagi penderita kanker, menanggulangi penyakit kanker dan prosedur pengobatannya bukanlah hal yang mudah. Hal ini tentu juga sangat dirasakan oleh anak penderita kanker. Selain itu, jika salah satu anggota keluarga terkena kanker, maka dampaknya akan sangat dirasakan oleh anggota keluarga yang lain. Penanganan anak penderita kanker tidak hanya tergantung pada tim medis tetapi juga dilihat dari penyelesaian masalah yang mencakup psikologis dan sosialnya. Salah satu unsur dapat membantu memberikan pengobatan non-medis kepada pasien adalah relawan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk memahami peranan relawan yang menerapkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memberikan pendampingan kepada anak penderita kanker dan keluarga.Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif dipilih karenapeneliti ingin melihat peran relawan dalam menerapkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pekerja sosial dalam melakukan pendampingan kepada anak penderita kanker. Kemudian metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif, dengan menggambarkan keadaan nyata subyek yang akan diteliti yaitu pelayanan yang diberikan oleh Pekerja Sosial Medis dan relawan di Bangsal Kanker Anak – Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais.Dari hasil temuan yang ada di lapangan dapat dilihat bahwa bentuk peran yang dijalankan relawan dalam memberikan pendampingan bagi anak penderita kanker dan keluarganya tampak seperti bentuk peran Pekerja Sosial Medis (PSM). Maka penting melibatkan PSM agar pelayanan pengobatan yang terpadu dapat diberikan kepada pasien dan keluarganya, dari yang memiliki penyakit kronis apapun dan dalam seluruh kelompok usia, karena seorang PSM mempunyai bekal pengetahuan (knowledge), keterampilan (skill), dan nilai (value) sebagai bentuk kesatuan dari the helping profession.
PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN
Authors: Fitriani Yesi , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Wibowo Hery
Published: October 2017

Ide utama pemberdayaan bersentuhan dengan konsep mengenai kekuasaan. Pemberdayaan menunjuk pada kemampuan orang, khususnya kelompok rentan dan lemah sehingga mereka memiliki kekuatan atau kemampuan. Paparan singkat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gagasan mengenai program-program pemberdayaan baik oleh pemerintah maupun swasta. Ditengah gencarnya pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan masyarakat, meskipun berbagai prestasi yang telah dicapai tetapi di sisilain masih terdapat banyak catatan buruk mengenai implementasi dan hasil dari pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan masyarakat.Dapat dilihat dari beberapa program pemberdayaan yang dijalankan selama ini, terutama oleh pemerintah pusat. Betapa banyak program pemberdayaan yang dijalankan namun berakhir dengan kegagalan. Atau pada kondisi lain, misi pemberdayaan yang diemban program-program tersebut justru bermuara pada semakin tidak berdayanya kelompok masyarakat yang seharusnya diberdayakan.Berpijak pada perspektif pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial, bahwa membangun dan memberdayakan masyarakat memerlukan pendekatan holistik yang mempertimbangkan isu-isu lokal dan global. Hal ini dilakukan agar program pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat berkelanjutan.
PENANGANAN GIZI BURUK DENGAN PERSPEKTIF PERSON IN ENVIRONMENT OLEH PEKERJA SOSIAL
Authors: Bastari Zulkarnain , Zainuddin Moch. , Apsari Nurliana Cipta
Published: October 2017

Anak adalah aset dan generasi penerus bangsa. Anak harus mendapatkan hak-hak dan kewajiban sebagai seorang anak agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang. Kesadaran masyarakat akan pola hidup sehat dan makan-makanan yang bergizi masih kurang. Person in environment memandang faktor penyebab gizi buruk berasal dari individu dan lingkungan. Indonesia memiliki jumlah penduduk terbesar ke 5 di dunia dengan jumlah penduduk 252.124.458 jiwa, jumlah penduduk miskin 28,53 juta orang dan hidup dilingkungan tidak sehat, dan setiap 5-6 juta bayi lahir di Indonesia, 75 - 85 persen berasal dari keluarga miskin, sekitar 1,67 juta jiwa menderita gizi buruk dan sekitar 10ribu anak meninggal akibat gizi buruk sehingga dibutuhkan intervensi khusus oleh pekerja sosial yang melihat dari person in evirenment untuk menanggulangi gizi buruk yaitu berupa pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin, penyadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pola hidup sehat dan penguatan sektor pertanian.
HUBUNGAN CARA MENGASUH OLEH ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERILAKU MEMBOLOS PELAJAR SMA
Authors: Destiana Novita , Basar Gigin Ginanjar Kamil , Humaedi Sahadi
Published: October 2017

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PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK JALANAN DI RUMAH SINGGAH
Authors: Putra Fikriryandi , Hidayat Eva Nuriyah
Published: October 2017

Tulisan ini akan menggambarkan pemberdayaan anak jalanan yang dilakukan oleh Rumah Singgah. Untuk memperoleh data tersebut tulisan ini menggunakan studi literatur yang berupa kajian konseptual. Hasil tulisan ini melihatkan bahwa program penanganan anak jalanan telah dilakukan yang salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan, pendekatan Rumah Singgah. Rumah Singgah menggunakan pendekatan centre based program dengan fungsi intervensi rehabilitatif. Meskipun demikian Rumah Singgah juga menggunakan pendekatan community based dan street based yang tercermin dalam beberapa program dan kegiatannya yaitu dengan melakukan pemberdayaan. Pemberdayaan mencakup sasaran yang diharapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan sosial anak jalanan dengan meningkatkan kemampuan dirinya melalui pendidikan, pelatihan keterampilan dan pendidikan moral. Hal ini diupayakan untuk bisa mendorong dan menstimulasi supaya anak jalanan tersebut bisa mendapatkan hak untuk mendapatkan hidup yang lebih layak, perlindungan, dan bisa menampilkan perilaku positif sesuai dengan norma dan etika yang ada di lingkungan masyarakat. Program pemberdayaan ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak jalanan sehingga mempunyai pengetahuan yang meningkat, dapat mandiri sehingga anak jalanan tidak beraktivitas di jalan lagi.