bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Satellite Sign for Prediction of Hematoma Expansion in Small Spontaneous Hematoma within 7 Days' Follow-Up
Authors: Songsaeng Dittapong , Peuksiripibul Wassana , Wasinrat Jitladda , Boonma Chulaluck , Wongjaroenkit Patnaree
Published: March 2023

Background Hematoma expansion (HE) is the most important modifiable predictor that can change the clinical outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. The study aimed to investigate the potential of satellite sign for prediction of HE in spontaneous ICH patients who had follow-up non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) within 7 days after the initial CT scan.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed data and NCCT from 142 ICH patients who were treated at our hospital at Bangkok, Thailand. All included patients were treated conservatively, had baseline NCCT within 12 hours after symptom onset, and had follow-up NCCT within 168 hours after baseline NCCT. HE was initially estimated by two radiologists, and then by image analysis software. Association between satellite sign and HE was evaluated.

Results HE occurred in 45 patients (31.7%). Patients with HE had significantly higher activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.001) and baseline hematoma volume (p = 0.001). The prevalence of satellite sign was 43.7%, and it was significantly independently associated with HE (p = 0.021). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of satellite sign for predicting HE was 57.8, 62.9, and 61.3%, respectively. From image analysis software, the cutoff of greater than 9% relative growth in hematoma volume on follow-up NCCT had the highest association with satellite sign (p = 0.024), with a sensitivity of 55%, specificity of 64.6%, and accuracy of 60.5%.

Conclusion Satellite sign, a new NCCT predictor, was found to be significantly associated with HE in Thai population. With different context of Thai population, HE was found in smaller baseline hematoma volume. Satellite sign was found more common in lobar hematoma. Further studies to validate satellite sign for predicting HE and to identify an optimal cutoff in Thai population that is correlated with clinical outcomes are warranted.
Representation of effective facial mask design as a novel dimensionless number—Implications for COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Habib Anwer , Habib Lila , Habib Khaled
Published: March 2023

A dimensionless number Nr for the effective design of facial masks was derived and compared with other dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics. Nr is found to closely resemble Euler’s number (Eu). Nr is equal to the logarithmic function of the ratio of inertial force (Fi) of the air to the pressure force (Fp) of the air through the porous membrane of the mask. Nr is then introduced as a novel dimensionless number (Habib number) Ha in which the air flow through a facial mask is derived with parameters for an effective barrier from the COVID-19 virus (SARS COV 2). The introduction of Ha was not only for a comparison reason with other dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics but also the number Ha is an essential extension of an early work on “Fluid mechanics of facial masks as personal protection equipment (PPE) of COVID-19 virus” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92, 074101 (2021)], in which the air flow through the mask is in its optimum design conditions to shield against the COVID-19 virus. As a result, an optimum Nr of expressing the flow of the O2 and N2 gases through the porous membrane was determined (Nr = NO2 = NN2 = Ha = −4.4). This was obtained when the N95 mask with specifications of a = 20 nm, l = 30 µm, and ε = 30% was used, with respect to the pressure gradient of the human lungs during exhaled and inhaled conditions, PAverage = 20 mm Hg (g cm−1 S−2), and to the size of the COVID-19 virus of about 125 nm (0.125 µm). In addition, a range of values of Nr was analyzed with respect to the optimum (Ha) value of Nr. On the one hand, when the range value of Nr falls between 0 ≥ Nr ≥ Ha, the mask has less resistance than Nr < −4.4, but not necessarily its optimum design conditions. On the other hand, when Nr = 0, the flow through the mask has no resistance at all, as if the mask does not exist.
Fractional order-induced bifurcations in a delayed neural network with three neurons
Authors: Huang Chengdai , Wang Huanan , Cao Jinde
Published: March 2023

This paper reports the novel results on fractional order-induced bifurcation of a tri-neuron fractional-order neural network (FONN) with delays and instantaneous self-connections by the intersection of implicit function curves to solve the bifurcation critical point. Firstly, it considers the distribution of the root of the characteristic equation in depth. Subsequently, it views fractional order as the bifurcation parameter and establishes the transversal condition and stability interval. The main novelties of this paper are to systematically analyze the order as a bifurcation parameter and concretely establish the order critical value through an implicit function array, which is a novel idea to solve the critical value. The derived results exhibit that once the value of the fractional order is greater than the bifurcation critical value, the stability of the system will be smashed and Hopf bifurcation will emerge. Ultimately, the validity of the developed key fruits is elucidated via two numerical experiments.
Realignment and change: CSIRO and industry 2000–10
Authors: Upstill Garrett , Spurling Thomas H. , Healy Terence J. , Simpson Gregory W.
Published: March 2023

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, CSIRO’s role broadened toward national mission-oriented research, less directly focused on supporting Australian industry. In terms of its legislated mandate, it deliberately placed increased emphasis on ‘contributing to the achievement of national objectives’ and less emphasis on ‘assisting Australian industry’. This change was accompanied by an organisational restructuring with the introduction of a national flagships' research program and a matrix management structure. We analyse this process of change and the reasons behind it and we investigate the effects of the new approach on CSIRO’s relationship with industry, and its technology transfer activities. While there was continuity in its commercial performance, the pattern of CSIRO’s client-directed research changed substantially, with a reduction in manufacturing-related research, and a notable growth in health- and environment-related research, in the main part for government agencies and departments. By the end of the decade the organisation had established a clear role for itself in the national innovation system, in which its relationship with Australian industry was no longer the dominant feature. It was a disruptive decade for CSIRO, but one in which the organisation demonstrated its capacity to adapt to a changing external environment.
The changing epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae genogroups and antimicrobial resistance in Queensland, Australia, 2010–15: a case series analysis of unique Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates
Authors: McHugh Lisa , Dyda Amalie , Guglielmino Christine , Buckley Cameron , Lau Colleen L. , Jennison Amy V. , Regan David G. , Wood James , Whiley David , Trembizki Ella
Published: March 2023

Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) can lead to serious reproductive and sexual health outcomes, and the annual number of NG notifications in Australia increased steadily from 10 329 in 2010 to 29 549 by 2020. Australian populations most affected are urban men who have sex with men and First Nations peoples living in remote areas, and a resurgence in urban heterosexuals has been observed since 2012. Methods A case series analysis of Queensland NG isolates (2010–15) exploring temporal trends and antimicrobial resistance by demographic and geographic distribution and genotype was performed. Proportions describe age, sex, strain, genogroup (NG multi-antigen sequence typing), region, swab site, antimicrobial sensitivity and isolate rates per 100 000 population. Dominant genogroups were identified. Results Among 3953 isolates, the median age was 25 years (IQR 20–34 years) and most (n = 2871/3915, 73%) were men. Brisbane city (68.8) and Far North Queensland (54.1) excluding Cairns showed the highest rates. Forty-six genogroups were documented, seven (G2992, G6876, G1415, G4186, G5, G1407 and G6937) comprised half of all isolates. The predominant male genogroup was G2992 (16%), and G6876 (20%) for females; G5 was predominantly male from 2010 to 2011, but equal in both sexes from 2012 to 2015. Conclusion Considerable temporal, geographical and demographical diversity was observed in Queensland NG isolates, which has public health implications. Certain genogroups are more transient than others, and evidence suggests bridging from male-dominant networks to heterosexual networks. Molecular surveillance can enhance tracking the epidemiology and movement of NG in Australia, highlighting the necessity of genotyping to expose potentially prevalent strains circulating in undetected or underrepresented networks by current screening methods.
Sparking light in sexual health
Authors: Ong Jason J. , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: March 2023

This editorial introduces the incoming co-Editors-in-Chief of the journal, and their plans to taking the journal in four directions focused on clinical impact, open science, building capacity, and improving the submission process.
Improving the use of plant genetic resources to sustain breeding programs’ efficiency
Authors: Sanchez Dimitri , Sadoun Sarah Ben , Mary-Huard Tristan , Allier Antoine , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain
Published: March 2023

Genetic progress of crop plants is required to face human population growth and guarantee production stability in increasingly unstable environmental conditions. Breeding is accompanied by a loss in genetic diversity, which hinders sustainable genetic gain. Methodologies based on molecular marker information have been developed to manage diversity and proved effective in increasing long-term genetic gain. However, with realistic plant breeding population sizes, diversity depletion in closed programs appears ineluctable, calling for the introduction of relevant diversity donors. Although maintained with significant efforts, genetic resource collections remain underutilized, due to a large performance gap with elite germplasm. Bridging populations created by crossing genetic resources to elite lines prior to introduction into elite programs can manage this gap efficiently. To improve this strategy, we explored with simulations different genomic prediction and genetic diversity management options for a global program involving a bridging and an elite component. We analyzed the dynamics of quantitative trait loci fixation and followed the fate of allele donors after their introduction into the breeding program. Allocating 25% of total experimental resources to create a bridging component appears highly beneficial. We showed that potential diversity donors should be selected based on their phenotype rather than genomic predictions calibrated with the ongoing breeding program. We recommend incorporating improved donors into the elite program using a global calibration of the genomic prediction model and optimal cross selection maintaining a constant diversity. These approaches use efficiently genetic resources to sustain genetic gain and maintain neutral diversity, improving the flexibility to address future breeding objectives.
Exploring impact of recombination landscapes on breeding outcomes
Authors: Epstein Ruth , Sajai Nikita , Zelkowski Mateusz , Zhou Adele , Robbins Kelly R. , Pawlowski Wojciech P.
Published: March 2023

Plant breeding relies on crossing-over to create novel combinations of alleles needed to confer increased productivity and other desired traits in new varieties. However, crossover (CO) events are rare, as usually only one or two of them occur per chromosome in each generation. In addition, COs are not distributed evenly along chromosomes. In plants with large genomes, which includes most crops, COs are predominantly formed close to chromosome ends, and there are few COs in the large chromosome swaths around centromeres. This situation has created interest in engineering CO landscape to improve breeding efficiency. Methods have been developed to boost COs globally by altering expression of anti-recombination genes and increase CO rates in certain chromosome parts by changing DNA methylation patterns. In addition, progress is being made to devise methods to target COs to specific chromosome sites. We review these approaches and examine using simulations whether they indeed have the capacity to improve efficiency of breeding programs. We found that the current methods to alter CO landscape can produce enough benefits for breeding programs to be attractive. They can increase genetic gain in recurrent selection and significantly decrease linkage drag around donor loci in schemes to introgress a trait from unimproved germplasm to an elite line. Methods to target COs to specific genome sites were also found to provide advantage when introgressing a chromosome segment harboring a desirable quantitative trait loci. We recommend avenues for future research to facilitate implementation of these methods in breeding programs.
Forgotten food crops in sub-Saharan Africa for healthy diets in a changing climate
Authors: van Zonneveld Maarten , Kindt Roeland , McMullin Stepha , Achigan-Dako Enoch G. , N’Danikou Sognigbé , Hsieh Wei-hsun , Lin Yann-rong , Dawson Ian K.
Published: March 2023

As climate changes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Africa’s “forgotten” food crops offer a wide range of options to diversify major staple production as a key measure toward achieving zero hunger and healthy diets. So far, however, these forgotten food crops have been neglected in SSA’s climate-change adaptation strategies. Here, we quantified their capacity to adapt cropping systems of SSA's major staples of maize, rice, cassava, and yams to changing climates for the four subregions of West, Central, East, and Southern Africa. We used climate-niche modeling to explore their potential for crop diversification or the replacement of these major staples by 2070, and assessed the possible effects on micronutrient supply. Our results indicated that approximately 10% of the present production locations of these four major staples in SSA may experience novel climate conditions in 2070, ranging from a high of almost 18% in West Africa to a low of less than 1% in Southern Africa. From an initial candidate panel of 138 African forgotten food crops embracing leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, cereals, pulses, seeds and nuts, and roots and tubers, we selected those that contributed most to covering projected future and contemporary climate conditions of the major staples’ production locations. A prioritized shortlist of 58 forgotten food crops, able to complement each other in micronutrient provision, was determined, which covered over 95% of assessed production locations. The integration of these prioritized forgotten food crops in SSA’s cropping systems will support the “double-win” of more climate-resilient and nutrient-sensitive food production in the region.
A method for using the residual energy in waste Li-ion batteries by regulating potential with the aid of overvoltage response
Authors: Sun Honghuai , Song Qingming , Xu Zhenming
Published: March 2023

The value of considerable residual energy in waste Li-ion batteries (WLIBs) is always neglected. At present, “this energy” is always wasted during the discharge process of WLIBs. However, if this energy could be reused, it would not only save a lot of energy but also avoid the discharge step of recycling of WLIBs. Unfortunately, the instability of WLIBs potential is a challenge to efficient utilization of this residual energy. Here, we propose a method that could regulate the cathode potential and current of the battery by simply adjusting the solution pH to utilize 35.08%, 88.4%, and 84.7% of the residual energy for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater, removing Cr (VI) from wastewater, and recovering copper from the solution, respectively. By taking advantage of the high internal resistance

R

of WLIBs and the sudden change of battery current

I

caused by iron passivation on the positive electrode of the battery, this method could induce the response of overvoltage

η (η = IR)

inside the battery at different pH levels to regulate the cathode potential 

µ

of the battery to the three intervals. The potential ranges of the battery cathode corresponding to pH < 3.4, pH ≈ 3.4, and pH > 4 were

µ

> −0.47V, −0.47V <

µ

< −0.82V, and

µ

< −0.82V, respectively. This study provides a promising way and theoretical basis for the development of technologies for reusing residual energy in WLIBs.
Intrinsically disordered proteins SAID1/2 condensate on SERRATE for dual inhibition of miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shang Baoshuan , Wang Lin , Yan Xingxing , Li Yanjun , Li Changhao , Wu Chaohua , Wang Tian , Guo Xiang , Choi Suk Won , Zhang Tianru , Wang Ziying , Tong Chun-Yip , Oh Taerin , Zhang Xiao , Wang Zhiye , Peng Xu , Zhang Xiuren
Published: March 2023

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) SAID1/2 are hypothetic dentin sialophosphoprotein-like proteins, but their true functions are unknown. Here, we identified SAID1/2 as negative regulators of SERRATE (SE), a core factor in miRNA biogenesis complex (microprocessor). Loss-of-function double mutants of
said1; said2
caused pleiotropic developmental defects and thousands of differentially expressed genes that partially overlapped with those in
se. said1; said2
also displayed increased assembly of microprocessor and elevated accumulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). Mechanistically, SAID1/2 promote pre-mRNA processing 4 kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of SE, causing its degradation in vivo. Unexpectedly, SAID1/2 have strong binding affinity to hairpin-structured pri-miRNAs and can sequester them from SE. Moreover, SAID1/2 directly inhibit pri-miRNA processing by microprocessor in vitro. Whereas SAID1/2 did not impact SE subcellular compartmentation, the proteins themselves exhibited liquid–liquid phase condensation that is nucleated on SE. Thus, we propose that SAID1/2 reduce miRNA production through hijacking pri-miRNAs to prevent microprocessor activity while promoting SE phosphorylation and its destabilization in Arabidopsis.
Global trends in emotional distress
Authors: Daly Michael , Macchia Lucía
Published: March 2023

In this study, we examined emotional distress using annual representative survey data from 1.53 million individuals surveyed in 113 countries from 2009 to 2021. Participants reported whether they had experienced worry, sadness, stress, or anger during a lot of the previous day. Within-country estimates showed that the prevalence of feelings of emotional distress increased from 25 to 31% between 2009 and 2021, with those with low levels of education and income experiencing the largest increases in distress. On a global level, the pandemic period was characterized by an initial increase in distress in 2020 followed by recovery in 2021.
Microstructural characterisation and mechanical properties of the cast Gd-containing Mg−8Mg2Si in situ composites
Authors: Tanhaee Z. , Mahmudi R.
Published: March 2023

Cast Mg–8 wt% Mg2Si in situ composites containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt% Gd were studied for their microstructure and high-temperature behaviour. Mechanical properties of the composites were investigated in the temperature range 25–250°C. Gd addition resulted in the modification of the primary Mg2Si particles, reduction of their average size and volume fraction, and formation of new Mg3Si2Gd2 and Mg5SiGd intermetallic phases and solid solution of Gd in the Mg matrix. The composite with 1% Gd addition showed the highest strength due to the presence of finer Mg2Si particles with polygonal morphology. Higher Gd contents decreased the strength, due to the coarsening of the Mg2Si particles, caused by the over-modification effect of Gd.
Time reallocation of physical behaviours induced by endurance exercise in physically active individuals
Authors: Hayes‐Ortiz Thomas , Suárez‐Reyes Mónica , Galgani Jose E. , Zbinden‐Foncea Hermann , Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

Increasing moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through exercise requires reallocating time from other physical behaviour(s). We aimed to determine the reallocations induced by endurance exercise in physically active individuals. We also searched for behavioural compensatory responses, and explored the effect of exercise on daily energy expenditure. Fourteen participants (8 women; median age 37.8 [IQR 29.9–48.5] yr) exercised on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings (cycling MVPA, 65 min/session; “exercise days”), and avoided exercising on Tuesday and Thursday (“rest days”). Time spent on sleep, sedentary behaviour, light‐intensity physical activity, and MVPA was determined each day by accelerometers and logs. An energy expenditure index was computed considering minutes spent on each behaviour and fixed metabolic equivalents. We found that all participants had lower sleep and higher total (including exercise) MVPA on exercise days compared to rest days. Thus, on exercise vs. rest days, sleep was lower (490 [453–553] vs. 553 [497–599] min/day, respectively, P < 0.001), and total MVPA was higher (86 [80–101] vs. 23 [15–45] min/day, respectively; P < 0.001). No differences in other physical behaviours were detected. Notably, exercise not only induced reallocations (i.e. less time in other behaviours) but also behavioural compensatory responses in some participants (e.g. increased sedentary behaviour). This rearrangement of physical behaviours manifested in exercise‐induced increases in energy expenditure from 96 to 232 MET × min/day. In conclusion, active individuals reallocated time from sleep to accommodate morning exercise. Yet exercise induced variable rearrangements of behaviours, with some individuals manifesting compensatory responses. Understanding individual rearrangements may help improve exercise interventions.
Grating-based coded aperture compressive spectral imaging to reconstruct over 190 spectral bands from a snapshot measurement
Authors: Luo Ting , Wang Lishun , Yuan Xin
Published: March 2023

We report snapshot compressive spectral imaging using a grating and coded aperture. A vision-transformer-based deep learning algorithm is developed for high-quality reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that over 190 spectral bands can be reconstructed from a single measurement from 485–657 nm with spectral accuracy of about 2 nm and spectral resolution up to 1.5 nm.
Broad band solar cell absorber based on double-ring coupled disk resonator structure: from visible to mid infrared
Authors: Meng Qiqi , Chen Fang , Cheng Shubo , Yang Wenxing , Yi Zao
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a broad band absorber based on a double-ring coupled disk resonator periodic structure, which can work in the visible and mid infrared range, is proposed and investigated. Results show the absorbance is large than 92.4% in the range of 300 nm–4096 nm, and the average absorption is about 97.4% from the visible to mid-infrared bands. Besides, the proposed absorber is wide angle acceptance, background refractive index (RI), and polarization state insensitive. The absorption mechanisms are analyzed and found that it mainly originated from the dielectric lossy property in short-wavelength and gap plasmonic resonances in long-wavelength. It is believed the proposed absorber can find potential applications in the fields of solar cell devices, thermal emitters, and plasmonic imaging.
Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial evolution of laser-induced plasma under different laser repetition rate
Authors: Fu Xiaoqing , Liang Fangyuan , Wang Jingge , Wang Hui , Dai Bo
Published: March 2023

To explore the influence of the laser repetition rate on the characteristics of laser-induced plasma, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the plasma generated from a copper alloy sample were compared when the laser repetition rate was varied from 1 to 20 Hz. The intensity and signal-to-back ratio (SBR) of atomic lines gradually increased with increasing laser repetition rate, reached the maximum at 10 Hz, and then decreased, whereas the intensity and SBR of ionic lines continually increased as the laser repetition rate increased. The morphology of the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the spectral line intensity changed from flat to elongate as the laser repetition rate increased. The plasma emission extended over a longer distance. The changes in the temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma temperature with the laser repetition rate were consistent with those of the ionic line intensity. The results indicate that a greater ablation amount of the sample material and a larger high-temperature region in the plasma were formed when the sample was ablated at a higher laser repetition rate. At this time, the heat accumulation in the sample and the confinement effect of the ablation crater on the plasma intensified the collision of particles inside the plasma, forming plasma with a higher degree of ionisation.
An efficient microfluidic pressure sensing structure optimization using microcantilever integration
Authors: Saxena Ankur , Kumar Mahesh , Mishra Dhaneshwar , Singh Kulwant
Published: March 2023

Microfluidic pressure sensors are extensively present in a wide range of applications such as wearable devices, drug detection, and many healthcare applications. Integrated microfluidic pressure sensors are highly desirable in many fields where it offers high sensitivity, non-toxicity, and high biocompatibility. In the present work, an integrated microfluidic pressure sensing mechanism is analyzed in a microfluidic device. The device is composed of poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based material with a microcantilever of the same material integrated on one side of the microchannel. The pressure of fluid in the microchannel is measured by deflection generated on the PDMS microcantilever while the fluid is made to be drive-in. The pressure-based deflection measurement process is analyzed for different types of fluids and the geometry of microcantilevers. The designs for the microcantilevers are considered rectangular-shaped, T-shaped, and Pi-shaped cantilever. The modelling and analysis are done in the commercially available software tool COMSOL Multiphysics®. The results have shown that maximum deflection is achieved with a Pi-shaped microcantilever in fluid plasma (37.05 μm) and in water (30.98 μm) at 8000 μm/s fluid inlet velocity. This maximum deflection was found to be in cooperation with the pressure value at the channel inlet 125.1 Pa for Pi-microcantilever. The optimization is achieved for improved fluid pressure sensing with an integrated microcantilever, which reduces the device setup for fluid pressure analysis. The purpose of research and study is to control fluid pressure inside microfluidic channels, which can pave the way for efficient small setup cytometry and cell separation microfluidic devices.
Fringing Analysis and Simulation for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Authors: Guo Zhiyuan , Walter C. W. , Lage Craig , Lupton Robert H.
Published: March 2023

The presence of fringing in astronomical Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) images will have an impact on photometric quality and measurements. Yet its impact on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) has not been fully studied. We present a detailed study on fringing for CCDs already implemented on the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera’s focal plane. After making physical measurements and knowing the compositions, we developed a model for the e2v CCDs. We present a method to fit for the internal height variation of the epoxy layer within the sensors based on fringing measurements in a laboratory setting. This method is generic enough that it can be easily modified to work for other CCDs. Using the derived fringing model, we successfully reproduce comparable fringing amplitudes that match the observed levels in images taken by existing telescopes with different optical designs. This model is then used to forecast the expected level of fringing in a single LSST y-band sky background exposure with Rubin telescope optics in the presence of a realistic time-varying sky spectrum. The predicted fringing amplitude in LSST images ranges from 0.04% to 0.2% depending on the location of a CCD on the focal plane. We find that the predicted variation in surface brightness caused by fringing in LSST y-band sky background images is about 0.6

μ
Jy

arcsec

−
2

, which is 40 times larger than the current measurement error. We conclude that it is necessary to include fringing correction in the Rubin’s LSST image processing pipeline.
All-fiber low threshold tunable multimode Q-switched mode locked fiber laser using a few mode Er-doped fiber
Authors: Fan Yunlong , Zhang Peng , Ning Yuzhu , Liu Yang , Wei Jia , Tong Shoufeng
Published: March 2023

We report an all-fiber low threshold (70 mW) multimode Q-switched mode-locked (QML) fiber laser at 1.5

μ

m. Nonlinear polarization rotation and a few mode Er-doped fiber (FM-EDF) were both adopted to achieve a low threshold QML operation initially, and the later experimental results showed and verified that the FM-EDF was the key factor of the QML pulses generation. A multimode QML state at 70 mW pump power was obtained with an 18 μs Q-switched pulse width and a 7.41 kHz repetition rate. The repetition rate and pulse width of the mode-locked pulses within the Q-switched envelope were 16.9 MHz and ∼910 ps respectively. The multimode QML fiber laser can be turned from 1561.8 nm to 1575.1 nm owing to the multimode interference and the fiber birefringence filtering effect. The QML pulses with dual-wavelength and three-wavelength were also observed by manipulating the polarization controllers and increasing the pump power. The experimental results showed that multimode QML pulses can be achieved with a short FM-EDF at a lower pump power in an all-fiber multimode cavity. The generated low threshold and tunable QML multimode fiber laser has potential application in measuring and mode-division multiplexed system.
Study of transversity GPDs from pseudoscalar mesons production at EIC of China
Authors: Goloskokov S V , Xie Ya-Ping , Chen Xurong
Published: March 2023

The exclusive η and π
0 electroproduction is studied in the handbag approach based on the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) factorization. Predictions of π
0 and η mesons are calculated for future electron-ion collider in China (EicC) energy ranges, using obtained cross sections we extract information on the transversity GPDs contributions to these processes.
Conceptual design of multichannel fast electron bremsstrahlung detection system to study fast electron dynamics during lower hybrid current drive in ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Kumar Jagabandhu , Pandya Santosh P. , Sharma P.K.
Published: March 2023

To drive plasma current non inductively, a Lower Hybrid
Current Drive (LHCD) system with a passive-active multijunction
(PAM) antenna for injecting lower hybrid wave (LHWs) has been
designed, fabricated and to be integrated with ADITYA-U Tokamak. A
fast electron population in the energy range of a few keV to several
hundreds of keV is generated with the injection of the LHWs. These
fast electrons interacting mainly with ions and electrons result in
Hard X-Ray (HXR) emission called Fast Electron Bremsstrahlung
acronym as FEB emission. A single channel FEB detection system is
being used in the earlier experiment of LHCD in ADITYA-U
tokamak. However, the single channel detection system can't provide
a radial emissivity profile of HXR intensity distribution. In order
to determine a radial emissivity profile, for the first time, a
multichannel FEB detection system is designed for ADITYA-U
tokamak. This paper describes the detailed conceptual design for the
selection of suitable detectors, optimization of the collimators,
shielding geometry, and low energy filtering cut-off. In the present
design analysis, the soller collimator concept is considered over a
simple pinhole camera system due to its several advantages. In order
to optimize the multichannel FEB system parameters for the best
possible performance, a forwarded modelling code has been used. The
signal to background ratio at each detector location has been
estimated for a few system parameters and reported herein.
Ability of spatial filters to distinguish between two MUAPs generated from MUs with different locations, sizes and fibers pennation
Authors: Messaoudi Noureddine , Belkacem Samia , Bekka Raïs El'hadi
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated the effects of the motor unit
(MU) location and size and the fibres pennation on the ability of
anisotropic and almost isotropic spatial filters used to detect
surface electromyographic (EMG) signals to make a distinction
between motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) generated from two
MUs. The study was based on simulated MUAPs. The fibres orientation
was performed by varying the fibres pennation angle (FPA).

The root mean square error (RMSE) between MUAPs generated from two
MUs was used as a criterion to evaluate the ability of the
investigated filters to distinguish between two generated MUAPs. The
location of a MU was fixed and the second MU moved away from the
first MU in the transversal direction for the first case and in the
depth direction in the second case to take five different locations
in every case.

We showed that the capability of the studied filters to more
separate two MUAPs strongly depended on MU location, MU size and
FPA. This capability of separation was best with large distances
between the two MUs and with large sizes of them. Furthermore, the
main survey of this work was that the BiTDD filter has the best
ability of separation of two MUAPs than the other filters in a given
FPA interval. The number of pennation angles in this interval is
related to the location and size of the moved MU.
Towards a mathematical theory of the Madelung equations: Takabayasi’s quantization condition, quantum quasi-irrotationality, weak formulations, and the Wallstrom phenomenon
Authors: Reddiger Maik , Poirier Bill
Published: March 2023

Even though the Madelung equations are central to many ‘classical’ approaches to the foundations of quantum mechanics such as Bohmian and stochastic mechanics, no coherent mathematical theory has been developed so far for this system of partial differential equations. Wallstrom prominently raised objections against the Madelung equations, aiming to show that no such theory exists in which the system is well-posed and in which the Schrödinger equation is recovered without the imposition of an additional ‘ad hoc quantization condition’—like the one proposed by Takabayasi. The primary objective of our work is to clarify in which sense Wallstrom’s objections are justified and in which sense they are not, with a view on the existing literature. We find that it may be possible to construct a mathematical theory of the Madelung equations which is satisfactory in the aforementioned sense, though more mathematical research is required. More specifically, this work makes five main contributions to the subject: First, we rigorously prove that Takabayasi’s quantization condition holds for arbitrary C
1-wave functions. Nonetheless, we explain why there are serious doubts with regards to its applicability in the general theory of quantum mechanics. Second, we argue that the Madelung equations need to be understood in the sense of distributions. Accordingly, we review a weak formulation due to Gasser and Markowich and suggest a second one based on Nelson’s equations. Third, we show that the common examples that motivate Takabayasi’s condition do not satisfy one of the Madelung equations in the distributional sense, leading us to introduce the concept of ‘quantum quasi-irrotationality’. This terminology was inspired by a statement due to Schönberg. Fourth, we construct explicit ‘non-quantized’ strong solutions to the Madelung equations in two dimensions, which were claimed to exist by Wallstrom, and provide an analysis thereof. Fifth, we demonstrate that Wallstrom’s argument for non-uniqueness of solutions of the Madelung equations, termed the ‘Wallstrom phenomenon’, is ultimately due to a failure of quantum mechanics to discern physically equivalent, yet mathematically inequivalent states—an issue that finds its historic origins in the Pauli problem.
On symmetric solutions of the fourth q-Painlevé equation
Authors: Joshi Nalini , Roffelsen Pieter
Published: March 2023

The Painlevé equations possess transcendental solutions y(t) with special initial values that are symmetric under rotation or reflection in the complex t-plane. They correspond to monodromy problems that are explicitly solvable in terms of classical special functions. In this paper, we show the existence of such solutions for a q-difference Painlevé equation. We focus on symmetric solutions of a q-difference equation known as

q

P

IV

or

q

P

(

A
5

(
1
)

)

and provide their symmetry properties and solve the corresponding monodromy problem.
Existence of the FS-type renormalisation fixed point for unidirectionally-coupled pairs of maps
Authors: Burbanks Andrew , Osbaldestin Andrew
Published: March 2023

We give the first proof of the existence of a renormalisation fixed-point for period-doubling in pairs of maps of two variables lying in the so-called Feigenbaum-Summation (FS) universality class. The first map represents a subsystem that is unimodal with an extremum of degree two. The dynamics of the second map accumulates an integral characteristic of the dynamics of the first, via a particular form of unidirectional coupling. We prove the existence of the corresponding renormalisation fixed point by rigorous computer-assisted means and gain tight rigorous bounds on the associated universal constants. Our work provides the first step in establishing rigorously the picture conjectured by Kuznetsov et al of the birth, from the FS-type fixed point, of the so-called C-type two-cycle via a period doubling in the dynamics of the renormalisation group transformation itself.
Tribological and machining characteristics of AA7075 hybrid composites and optimizing utilizing modified PROMETHEE approach
Authors: Ajin M L , Moses Jebeen , Dharshini M Priya
Published: March 2023

In this research work an attempt was made to reinforce AA7075 composites with B4C and SiC particles through stir casting route. SEM with EDS mapping revealed that the reinforcement were uniformly over the composites and hardness reduces with the addition of SiC particles owing to the inverse hall petch effect. The results revealed that wear rate reduces with addition of SiC particles owing to the formation of mechanically mixed layer and protective oxide layer confirmed through SEM with EDAX mapping. Three distinct cracks were formed, when slides at different temperature as confirmed through worn surface morphology, pits cracks and plasticization of material were the other features observed. The used motor oil properties were analyzed and results divulged that the oil suitable for dielectric fluid. Increase in Material Removal Rate (MRR), reduction in Tool Wear Ratio (TWR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) was observed with the incorporation of powder particles owing to the bridging effect. Black spots, craters, micro pits, globules and micro crack are the distinct observed on the machined surface topography. The modified Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) optimization technique was utilized to find the optimal parametric combination.
Extinction Threat to a Previously Undescribed Species of Gall Wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and Two Associated Parasitoid Species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Eulophidae) on a Threatened Rose
Authors: Abe Yoshihisa , Ide Tatsuya , Matsuo Kazunori , Maeto Kaoru , Wu Yajiao
Published: March 2023

Diplolepis ogawai Abe and Ide sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induces galls on Rosa hirtula (Regel) Nakai (Rosales: Rosaceae), which is endemic to a restricted area of Honshu, the main island of Japan. The gall is induced mainly on the leaf of R. hirtula in spring and the mature gall falls to the ground in early summer. The gall-inducing wasp emerges from the gall on the ground in the following spring, suggesting that D. ogawai is univoltine. From spring to summer, the braconid Syntomernus flavus Samartsev and Ku and the eulophid Aprostocetus sp. are parasitic on the larva of D. ogawai in the gall, and the adult wasp of both parasitoid species emerges from the gall on the ground in summer. For S. flavus, this is the first distribution record in Japan and the first host record. Since R. hirtula is threatened with extinction by succession and deforestation, D. ogawai and its two parasitoid wasp species are considered to be at risk of coextinction with the threatened rose. In the event that the population size of this rose species is further reduced, D. ogawai and its parasitoids may ­become extinct prior to the extinction of R. hirtula. To conserve these three wasp species associated with R. hirtula, protection of remnant vegetation where individuals of this threatened rose species grow is necessary.
The Aesthetics of Crossword Puzzles
Authors: Kubala Robbie
Published: March 2023

This paper develops an aesthetics of crossword puzzles. I present a taxonomy of crosswords in the Anglophone world and argue that there are three distinct sources of aesthetic value in crosswords. First, and in common with other puzzles, crosswords merit aesthetic experiences of our own agency: paradigmatically, the aesthetic experience of struggling for and hitting upon the right solution. In addition to instantiating the aesthetic value of puzzles in general, crosswords in particular can have two other sources of aesthetic value: the visual appeal of grid art and the poetic delight of idiomatic language. Crossword aesthetics takes place at the intersection of the recently popular aesthetics of puzzles and games and the more familiar aesthetics of the visual and literary arts.
Implementation and outcomes of an ambulatory care pharmacist service: Application of an implementation science framework
Authors: Foster Brooke , Spillane Jordan , Abuzoor Anas , Zraik Mahadi
Published: March 2023

Purpose

As teams work to optimize the pharmacist’s role on care teams, it is important to be proactive and strategic during the service creation process. Implementation science frameworks can help guide pharmacists as they work to translate evidence-based interventions into practice.

When a care gap in respiratory chronic disease state management in the primary care setting was identified, a team was created to investigate whether an ambulatory care pharmacist service would be a valuable way to address the care gap. This paper outlines the steps taken to scope and implement a new pharmacist service. An implementation science framework, the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework, was used to guide the service implementation process. Postimplementation data were collected to assess the impact of the service. A total of 56 patients were managed by the pharmacist in the first year following implementation. Data suggested that the pharmacist service has clinical value based on an improvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptom control, rescue inhaler use, adherence, and inhaler technique. The data also informed postimplementation changes for continuous quality improvement.

Conclusion

The use of an implementation science framework to implement a new pharmacist service proved valuable. Although this project focused on addressing a care gap in COPD, implementation science frameworks can and should be used to guide the implementation of a variety of new clinical services to enhance impact and sustainability.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular clinical outcomes in acute heart failure: A narrative review
Authors: Rodriguez Ryan , Kaluzna Stephanie Dwyer
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This review describes the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cardiovascular (CV) clinical outcomes when therapy is initiated during acute heart failure (HF).

SGLT2 inhibitors have become a cornerstone of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and HF. Because of their ability to promote natriuresis and diuresis as well as other potentially beneficial CV effects, use of SGLT2 inhibitors has been investigated when therapy is initiated during hospitalization for acute HF. We identified 5 placebo-controlled RCTs that reported CV clinical outcomes incorporating one or more components of all-cause mortality, CV mortality, CV hospitalization, HF worsening, and hospitalization for HF in patients treated with empagliflozin (n = 3 trials), dapagliflozin (n = 1 trial), and sotagliflozin (n = 1 trial). Nearly all CV outcomes in these trials showed benefit with SGLT2 inhibitor use during acute HF. Incidence of hypotension, hypokalemia, and acute renal failure was generally similar to that with placebo. These findings are limited by heterogeneous outcome definitions, variation in time to SGLT2 inhibitor initiation, and small sample sizes.

Conclusion

SGLT2 inhibitors may have a role in inpatient management of acute HF, provided there is close monitoring for fluctuations in hemodynamic, fluid, and electrolyte status. Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors at the time of acute HF may promote optimized GDMT, continued medication adherence, and reduced risk of CV outcomes.
Mindful Parenting: Attachment of Deaf Children and Resilience in Their Mothers
Authors: Aghaziarati Ali , Ashori Mohammad , Norouzi Ghasem , Hallahan Daniel P
Published: March 2023

Attachment and resilience are crucial in parent–child interaction. In this study, we investigated the effect of a mindful parenting program on the attachment of deaf children and the resilience of their hearing mothers. The present study was a semi-randomized controlled trial design. Thirty mothers with deaf children were randomly selected from Deaf School in Tehran, Iran. They were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The intervention group participated in an eight-session mindful parenting program, while the control group did not participate in this program. Both groups completed the Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance test. The results showed that the intervention significantly and positively influenced the attachment of deaf children and resilience in their mothers in the post-test, and the persistence of this effect was maintained in the follow-up stage (p < .001). This study suggests that mindful parenting can promote attachment of deaf children and resilience in their mothers. In addition, the mothers attested to the social validity of the program.