bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug resistant bacteria in perianal abscesses are frequent and relevant
Authors: Bender Fabienne , Eckerth Lukas , Fritzenwanker Moritz , Liese Juliane , Askevold Ingolf , Imirzalioglu Can , Padberg Winfried , Hecker Andreas , Reichert Martin
Published: September 2022

Perianal abscesses are frequent diseases in general surgery. Principles of standard patient care are surgical drainage with exploration and concomitant treatment of fistula. Antiinfective therapy is frequently applied in cases of severe local disease and perianal sepsis. However, the role of microbiologic testing of purulence from perianal abscesses is disputed and the knowledge concerning bacteriology and bacterial resistances is very limited. A retrospective cohort study was performed of consecutive patients (≥ 12 years of age) from a tertiary care hospital, who underwent surgical treatment for perianal abscess from 01/2008 to 12/2019. Subdividing the cohort into three groups regarding microbiological testing results: no microbiological testing of purulence (No_Swab, n = 456), no detection of drug resistant bacteria [DR(−), n = 141] or detection of bacteria with acquired drug resistances from purulence [DR(+), n = 220]. Group comparisons were performed using Kruskall–Wallis test and, if applicable, followed by Dunn´s multiple comparisons test for continuous variables or Fishers exact or Pearson’s X2 test for categorical data. Fistula persistence was estimated by Kaplan Meier and compared between the groups using Log rank test. Corralation analysis between perioperative outcome parameters and bacteriology was performed using Spearman´s rho rank correlation. Higher pretherapeutic C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001) and white blood cell count (p < 0.0001), higher rates of supralevatoric or pararectal abscesses (p = 0.0062) and of complicated fistula-in-ano requiring drainage procedure during index surgery (p < 0.0001) reflect more severe diseases in DR(+) patients. The necessity of antibiotic therapy (p < 0.0001), change of antibiotic regimen upon microbiologic testing results (p = 0.0001) and the rate of re-debridements during short-term follow-up (p = 0.0001) were the highest, the duration until definitive fistula repair was the longest in DR(+) patients (p = 0.0061). Escherichia coli, Bacteroides, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species with acquired drug resistances were detected frequently. High rates of resistances against everyday antibiotics, including perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis were alarming. In conclusion, the knowledge about individual bacteriology is relevant in cases of complex and severe local disease, including locally advanced infection with extended soft tissue affection and perianal sepsis, signs of systemic inflammatory response as well as the need of re-do surgery for local debridements during short-term and fistula repair during long-term follow-up. Higher rates of acquired antibiotic resistances are to be expected in patients with more severe diseases.
Defining the learning curve for endotracheal intubation in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Gun Tak , Park Jong Eun , Woo Sook-young , Shin Tae Gun , Jeong Daun , Kim Taerim , Lee Se Uk , Yoon Hee , Hwang Sung Yeon
Published: September 2022

To determine the minimum number of endotracheal intubation (ETI) attempts necessary for a novice emergency medicine (EM) trainee to become proficient with this procedure. This single-center study retrospectively analyzed data obtained from the institutional airway registry during the period from April 2014 to March 2021. All ETI attempts made by EM trainees starting their residency programs between 2014 and 2018 were evaluated. We used a first attempt success (FAS) rate of 85% as a proxy for ETI proficiency. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between FAS and cumulative ETI experience. The number of ETI attempts required to achieve an FAS rate of ≥ 85% was estimated using the regression coefficients obtained from the model. The study period yielded 2077 ETI cases from a total of 1979 patients. The FAS rate was 78.6% (n = 1632/2077). After adjusting for confounding factors, the cumulative number of ETI cases was associated with increased FAS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.010 per additional ETI case; 95% confidence interval 1.006–1.013; p < 0.001). A minimum of 119 ETI cases were required to establish a ≥ 85% likelihood of FAS. At least 119 ETI cases were required for EM trainees to achieve an FAS rate of ≥ 85% in the emergency department.
Spatially variant immune infiltration scoring in human cancer tissues
Authors: Allam Mayar , Hu Thomas , Lee Jeongjin , Aldrich Jeffrey , Badve Sunil S. , Gökmen-Polar Yesim , Bhave Manali , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Schneider Frank , Coskun Ahmet F.
Published: September 2022

The Immunoscore is a method to quantify the immune cell infiltration within cancers to predict the disease prognosis. Previous immune profiling approaches relied on limited immune markers to establish patients’ tumor immunity. However, immune cells exhibit a higher-level complexity that is typically not obtained by the conventional immunohistochemistry methods. Herein, we present a spatially variant immune infiltration score, termed as SpatialVizScore, to quantify immune cells infiltration within lung tumor samples using multiplex protein imaging data. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) was used to target 26 markers in tumors to identify stromal, immune, and cancer cell states within 26 human tissues from lung cancer patients. Unsupervised clustering methods dissected the spatial infiltration of cells in tissue using the high-dimensional analysis of 16 immune markers and other cancer and stroma enriched labels to profile alterations in the tumors’ immune infiltration patterns. Spatially resolved maps of distinct tumors determined the spatial proximity and neighborhoods of immune-cancer cell pairs. These SpatialVizScore maps provided a ranking of patients’ tumors consisting of immune inflamed, immune suppressed, and immune cold states, demonstrating the tumor’s immune continuum assigned to three distinct infiltration score ranges. Several inflammatory and suppressive immune markers were used to establish the cell-based scoring schemes at the single-cell and pixel-level, depicting the cellular spectra in diverse lung tissues. Thus, SpatialVizScore is an emerging quantitative method to deeply study tumor immunology in cancer tissues.
Curcumin-based-fluorescent probes targeting ALDH1A3 as a promising tool for glioblastoma precision surgery and early diagnosis
Authors: Gelardi Edoardo L. M. , Caprioglio Diego , Colombo Giorgia , Del Grosso Erika , Mazzoletti Daniele , Mattoteia Daiana , Salamone Stefano , Ferraris Davide M. , Aronica Eleonora , Nato Giulia , Buffo Annalisa , Rizzi Menico , Magrassi Lorenzo , Minassi Alberto , Garavaglia Silvia
Published: September 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour for which both effective treatments and efficient tools for an early-stage diagnosis are lacking. Herein, we present curcumin-based fluorescent probes that are able to bind to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), an enzyme overexpressed in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and associated with stemness and invasiveness of GBM. Two compounds are selective versus ALDH1A3, without showing any appreciable interaction with other ALDH1A isoenzymes. Indeed, their fluorescent signal is detectable only in our positive controls in vitro and absent in cells that lack ALDH1A3. Remarkably, in vivo, our Probe selectively accumulate in glioblastoma cells, allowing the identification of the growing tumour mass. The significant specificity of our compounds is the necessary premise for their further development into glioblastoma cells detecting probes to be possibly used during neurosurgical operations.
Reversible epigenetic alterations regulate class I HLA loss in prostate cancer
Authors: Rodems Tamara S. , Heninger Erika , Stahlfeld Charlotte N. , Gilsdorf Cole S. , Carlson Kristin N. , Kircher Madison R. , Singh Anupama , Krueger Timothy E. G. , Beebe David J. , Jarrard David F. , McNeel Douglas G. , Haffner Michael C. , Lang Joshua M.
Published: September 2022

Downregulation of HLA class I (HLA-I) impairs immune recognition and surveillance in prostate cancer and may underlie the ineffectiveness of checkpoint blockade. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating HLA-I loss in prostate cancer have not been fully explored. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of HLA-I genomic, epigenomic and gene expression alterations in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Loss of HLA-I gene expression was associated with repressive chromatin states including DNA methylation, histone H3 tri-methylation at lysine 27, and reduced chromatin accessibility. Pharmacological DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition decreased DNA methylation and increased H3 lysine 27 acetylation and resulted in re-expression of HLA-I on the surface of tumor cells. Re-expression of HLA-I on LNCaP cells by DNMT and HDAC inhibition increased activation of co-cultured prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)27-38-specific CD8+ T-cells. HLA-I expression is epigenetically regulated by functionally reversible DNA methylation and chromatin modifications in human prostate cancer. Methylated HLA-I was detected in HLA-Ilow circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for identifying patients who would benefit from epigenetic targeted therapies.
Functional imaging analyses reveal prototype and exemplar representations in a perceptual single-category task
Authors: Blank Helen , Bayer Janine
Published: September 2022

Similarity-based categorization can be performed by memorizing category members as exemplars or by abstracting the central tendency of the category – the prototype. In similarity-based categorization of stimuli with clearly identifiable dimensions from two categories, prototype representations were previously located in the hippocampus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and exemplar representations in areas supporting visual memory. However, the neural implementation of exemplar and prototype representations in perceptual similarity-based categorization of single categories is unclear. To investigate these representations, we applied model-based univariate and multivariate analyses of functional imaging data from a dot-pattern paradigm-based task. Univariate prototype and exemplar representations occurred bilaterally in visual areas. Multivariate analyses additionally identified prototype representations in parietal areas and exemplar representations in the hippocampus. Bayesian analyses supported the non-presence of prototype representations in the hippocampus and the vmPFC. We additionally demonstrate that some individuals form both representation types simultaneously, probably granting flexibility in categorization strategies.
Increases in the temperature seasonal cycle indicate long-term drying trends in Amazonia
Authors: Ritchie Paul D. L. , Parry Isobel , Clarke Joseph J. , Huntingford Chris , Cox Peter M.
Published: September 2022

Earth System Models project a wide range of rainfall changes in the Amazon rainforest, and hence changes in soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Hydrological changes are heterogeneous, meaning local measurements are too sparse to constrain projections of large-scale hydrological change. Here we show that changes in the amplitude of the temperature seasonal cycle are strongly correlated with annual mean evaporative fraction (surface latent heat flux as a fraction of surface net radiation) changes, across reanalyses and Earth System Model projections. We find an increase in annual temperature amplitude of 1 °C is associated with a reduction in evaporative fraction of up to 0.04. The observed temperature seasonal cycle amplitude increase (0.4 °C) over the last three decades implies Amazon drying, determined in the absence of soil or energy flux measurements, matches Earth System Model simulations of the recent past. Additionally, Earth System Models predict further temperature seasonal cycle amplitude increases, suggesting drying will continue with future climate change.
Biodistribution, degradability and clearance of 2D materials for their biomedical applications
Authors: Fan Taojian , Yan Li , He Shiliang , Hong Qiancun , Ai Fujin , He Shuqing , Ji Tao , Hu Xin , Ha Enna , Zhang Bin , Li Zigang , Zhang Han , Chen Xianfeng , Hu Junqing
Published: September 2022

This review focuses on recent advances in the biodistribution, biodegradation, and metabolic studies of 2D materials for their biomedical applications.
The extensive solid-form landscape of sulfathiazole: hydrogen-bond topology and node shape
Authors: Hughes David S. , Bingham Ann L. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Threlfall Terry L. , Bond Andrew D.
Published: September 2022

Patterns of hydrogen bonds are described in a set of 101 crystal structures containing sulfathiazole. Topological analysis of the hydrogen-bond nets is augmented by comparison of the shapes of the nodes extracted from each net.
S-Heptazine N-ligand based luminescent coordination materials: synthesis, structural and luminescent studies of lanthanide–cyamelurate networks
Authors: Essalhi Mohamed , Mohan Midhun , Marineau-Plante Gabriel , Schlachter Adrien , Maris Thierry , Harvey Pierre D. , Duong Adam
Published: September 2022

Coordination modes and hydrogen bonding networks of the lanthanide cyamelurate series and its luminescence study.
Correction: Catalyst supports based on ZnO–ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites with enhanced selectivity and coking resistance in isobutane dehydrogenation
Authors: Matveyeva Anna N. , Omarov Shamil O. , Nashchekin Alexey V. , Popkov Vadim I. , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Catalyst supports based on ZnO–ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites with enhanced selectivity and coking resistance in isobutane dehydrogenation’ by Anna N. Matveyeva et al., Dalton Trans., 2022, 51, 12213–12224, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dt02088b.
Photoactive terahertz metasurfaces for ultrafast switchable sensing of colorectal cells
Authors: Jiao Yanan , Lou Jing , Ma Zhaofu , Cong Longqing , Xu Xing , Zhang Bin , Li Dingchang , Yu Ying , Sun Wen , Yan Yang , Hu Shidong , Liu Boyan , Huang Yindong , Sun Lang , Wang Ride , Singh Ranjan , Fan Yuancheng , Chang Chao , Du Xiaohui
Published: September 2022

Through the use of photoactive silicon-based terahertz metasurfaces, we experimentally demonstrate ultrafast switchable sensing functions to identify colorectal cells.
An inorganic–organic hybrid nanomaterial with a core–shell structure constructed by using Mn–BTC and Ag5[BW12O40] for supercapacitors and photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Shi Caihong , Kang Ning , Wang Chunmei , Yu Kai , Lv Jinghua , Wang Chunxiao , Zhou Baibin
Published: September 2022

A Mn–BTC@Ag5[BW12O40] nanomaterial with a core–shell structure was synthesized by a grinding method and had excellent performances in supercapacitors and photocatalytic degradation.
Molecular and supported ruthenium complexes as photoredox oxidation catalysts in water
Authors: Clerich Enric , Affès Syrine , Anticó Enriqueta , Fontrodona Xavier , Teixidor Francesc , Romero Isabel
Published: September 2022

A molecular Ru-OH2 complex supported on rGO through non-covalent interactions performs as a photoredox oxidation catalyst in water, without an additional photosensitizer.
A bifunctional imidazolium-functionalized ionic porous organic polymer in water remediation
Authors: Sarkar Sayantan , Chakraborty Argha , Ranjan Rishi , Nag Probal , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy , Mukhopadhyay Suman
Published: September 2022

This work introduces a cationic porous organic polymer for fast and efficient capture of anionic pollutants and photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes under solar irradiation.
Genome mining reveals a new cyclopentane-forming sesterterpene synthase with unprecedented stereo-control
Authors: Qiao Yuben , Xu Qiaoxin , Huang Zijian , Chen Xia , Ren Xiaomeng , Yuan Wenling , Guan Zhenhua , Li Pengkun , Li Fengli , Xiong Chaomei , Zhu Hucheng , Chen Chunmei , Gu Lianghu , Zhou Yuan , Qi Changxing , Hu Zhengxi , Liu Junjun , Ye Ying , Zhang Yonghui
Published: September 2022

Fungal bifunctional terpene synthase PstA catalyzes the formation of 5/15cis-fused ring system.
Decarbonization potential of on-road fuels and powertrains in the European Union and the United States: a well-to-wheels assessment
Authors: Cai Hao , Prussi Matteo , Ou Longwen , Wang Michael , Yugo Marta , Lonza Laura , Scarlat Nicolae
Published: September 2022

Life-cycle analysis is essential to assessing the greenhouse gas impacts and decarbonization potential of transportation fuels and vehicle powertrains.
High piezoresponse in low-dimensional inorganic halide perovskite for mechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Sahoo Aditi , Paul Tufan , Makani Nisha Hiralal , Maiti Soumen , Banerjee Rupak
Published: September 2022

We synthesized 2D CsPb2Br5 layered perovskite which shows piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. Additionally, composites of CsPb2Br5 and PVDF were fabricated to examine energy harvesting behavior as a nanogenerator.
Correction: Reliable high work-function molybdenum dioxide synthesis via template-effect-utilizing atomic layer deposition for next-generation electrode applications
Authors: Kim Ye Won , Lee Ae Jin , Han Dong Hee , Lee Dae Cheol , Hwang Ji Hyeon , Kim Youngjin , Moon Songyi , Youn Taewon , Lee Minyung , Jeon Woojin
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Reliable high work-function molybdenum dioxide synthesis via template-effect-utilizing atomic layer deposition for next-generation electrode applications’ by Ye Won Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc02104h.
A critical review of technologies, costs, and projects for production of carbon-neutral liquid e-fuels from hydrogen and captured CO2
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Li Chengxi , Cheng Peng , Wang Xunjie , Liu Qing
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen (H2) production along with CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) are two key areas for transition to net-zero emission. Carbon-neutral liquid e-fuels produced from H2and captured CO2are practical alternatives to fossil fuels.
Performance of a dual piezoceramic cantilever for low frequency energy harvesting applications: modeling and experiment verification
Authors: Yessari Madiha , Fangachi Najoua , Salhi Imane , Rguiti Mohamed , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: September 2022

Vibration-based energy harvesting is a growing field for generating low-power electricity to use in wireless electronic devices. These applications are usually in an environment of abundant low frequency vibration, which can be collected through an appropriate energy conversion structure. However, traditional energy conversion architectures such as cantilever-cantilever type or spring-mass type have the problem of high working frequency and narrow bandwidth (limiting its use and far from the frequency found in the surrounding environment). To overcome these challenges, this work proposes a study of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester based on a dual cantilever structure. The energy harvesting system is designed, analyzed and verified with the finite element analysis method and an experimental study. The results show that the bandwidth is enlarged of 30 Hz and a power is generated and equals to the sum of the power generated by each cantilever (190 nW) with an output voltage supplying a resistive load of 110 KΏ.
Alltagsnahe psychiatrische Ergotherapie – BEA – Bewegung, Ernährung, Achtsamkeit
Authors: Leitold Stephanie
Published: September 2022

Stephanie Leitold hat das BELA-Konzept aus der psychiatrischen Versorgung, das für „Bewegung – Ernährung – Lernen – Anwenden“ steht, zu BEA (Bewegung – Ernährung – Achtsamkeit) modifiziert. Damit möchte sie Klienten beim Übergang von der stationären in die ambulante Versorgung unterstützen.
Strukturierte Hilfsmittel-versorgung – MPT-Modell
Authors: Stiehle Belinda
Published: September 2022

Rollatoren, Greifhilfen, Kommunikationshilfen, Badewannenlifte etc. – Hilfsmittel ermöglichen es Menschen, wieder am Alltag teilzuhaben bzw. die Teilhabe erheblich zu verbessern. Aber nicht immer werden Hilfsmittel von Klient*innen gut angenommen. Dabei gibt es Möglichkeiten, die Auswahl von Hilfsmitteln passgenau und effektiv zu gestalten.
Novel Therapeutic Agents for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
Authors: Roumpou Afroditi , Yavropoulou Maria P. , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Kassi Eva
Published: September 2022

The last decade has been revolutionary regarding the management of rare bone diseases caused by impaired calcium and phosphate metabolism. Elucidation of the underlying genetic basis and pathophysiologic alterations has been the determinant factor for the development of new, disease-specific treatment agents. The phosphaturic hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) possesses a critical role in the pathogenesis of various hypophosphatemic disorders. Among them, the genetic disorder of X-linked hypophosphatemia and the acquired syndrome of tumor-induced osteomalacia, although very rare, have attracted the scientific community’s attention towards designing an FGF23-inhibitor as a potential specific therapy. The monoclonal antibody burosumab was approved for the treatment of children and adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia and recently for tumor-induced osteomalacia patients, demonstrating benefits regarding their symptoms, biochemical profile and bone mineralization status. Asfotase alfa is a hydroxyapatite-targeted recombinant alkaline phosphatase, an enzymatic replacement therapy, substituting the defective activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase, in patients suffering from hypophosphatasia. Promising data regarding its favorable effect on survival rate, bone quality, fracture healing, muscle strength, mobility, respiratory function, and general quality of life have led to the approval of the drug for the treatment of childhood-onset hypophosphatasia. Given the high costs of treatment for both agents and their limited clinical use until now, more data are needed to define patients’ characteristics that make them ideal candidates for therapy. Long-term safety issues also need to be clarified.
Engineering platelet-derived extracellular vesicles for regeneration of oral tissue
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: September 2022

Consolidating knowledge on clinical applications and synthesis methods of platelet concentrates in dentistry.
Explaining high-frequency radio waves generated during lightning strikes
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: September 2022

Proposed mechanism involves transition radiation from high-energy electrons created at the tip of lightning strikes.
Flexible electrodes for non-invasive brain–computer interfaces: A perspective
Authors: Huang Zhibao , Zhou Zenan , Zeng Jiasheng , Lin Sen , Wu Hui
Published: September 2022

At the present time, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are attracting considerable attention due to their application potential in many fields. In this Perspective, we provide a brief review of flexible electrode technologies for non-invasive BCIs, mainly including two types of the most representative flexible electrodes: dry electrodes and semi-dry electrodes. We also summarize the challenges encountered by the different kinds of electrodes by comparing their strengths and weaknesses in terms of manufacturing scalability, applicability, comfort, contact impedance, long-term stability, and biocompatibility. In addition, we describe some advanced configurations and suggest potential applications for non-invasive BCIs based on flexible electrodes and consider future development prospects.
Emerging roles of platelet concentrates and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in regenerative periodontology and implant dentistry
Authors: Sun Jiayue , Hu Yinghan , Fu Yinxin , Zou Derong , Lu Jiayu , Lyu Chengqi
Published: September 2022

Platelet concentrates (PCs) are easily obtained from autogenous whole blood after centrifugation and have evolved through three generations of development to include platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, and concentrated growth factor. Currently, PCs are widely used for sinus floor elevation, alveolar ridge preservation, periodontal bone defects, guided bone regeneration, and treatment of gingival recession. More recently, PCs have been leveraged for tissue regeneration to promote oral soft and hard tissue regeneration in implant dentistry and regenerative periodontology. PCs are ideal for this purpose because they have a high concentration of platelets, growth factors, and cytokines. Platelets have been shown to release extracellular vesicles (P-EVs), which are thought to be essential for PC-induced tissue regeneration. This study reviewed the clinical application of PCs and P-EVs for implant surgery and periodontal tissue regeneration.
Injection induced by coaxial laser interference in laser wakefield accelerators
Authors: Wang Jia , Zeng Ming , Li Dazhang , Wang Xiaoning , Lu Wei , Gao Jie
Published: September 2022

We propose a new injection scheme that can generate electron beams with simultaneously a few permille energy spread, submillimeter milliradian emittance, and more than a 100 pC charge in laser wakefield accelerators. In this scheme, a relatively loosely focused laser pulse drives the plasma wakefield, and a tightly focused laser pulse with similar intensity triggers an interference ring pattern that creates onion-like multisheaths in the plasma wakefield. Owing to the change in wavefront curvature after the focal position of the tightly focused laser, the innermost sheath of the wakefield expands, which slows down the effective phase velocity of the wakefield and triggers injection of plasma electrons. Both quasicylindrical and fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirm the generation of beams with the above mentioned properties.
A Lagrangian particle-based numerical model for surfactant-laden droplets at macroscales
Authors: Denys Mateusz , Deuar Piotr , Che Zhizhao , Theodorakis Panagiotis E.
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric aerosols can consist of inorganic and organic substances, including surfactants at a significant concentration. Importantly, the latter can reduce the surface tension at the liquid–vapor surfaces, where they preferentially adsorb due to their amphiphilic structure. As a result, processes such as droplet coalescence, development of precipitation, and ultimately cloud lifetime may depend on the presence of surfactants in the aerosols. Here, we present a numerical model for cloud droplet formation, which is based on the Lagrangian particle-based microphysics-scheme superdroplet method and takes into account the presence of the surfactant in the droplets. Our results show that surfactant facilitates cloud formation by increasing the number and size of activated droplets, which concentrate at the bottom of the cloud, while the largest droplets are concentrated at the top of the cloud. This indicates a circulation of droplets that involves activation and growth processes from the bottom of the cloud toward the top. Moreover, our conclusions are independent of the particular approach used for modeling the diffusion of Eulerian variables due to the subgrid-scale turbulence. We anticipate that our results will enrich our understanding of the role of surfactants in the behavior of atmospheric aerosols and, importantly, will pave the way for further developments in the numerical modeling of systems with surfactants at macroscopic scales.
Shape deformations and instabilities of single bubble rising in liquid metals
Authors: Corrado Marino
Published: September 2022

In this study, a computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study single bubble flow in liquid metal. Until now, bubble trajectory and shape [Mougin, G. and Magnaudet, J., “Path instability of a rising bubble,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 014502 (2002)] stability problems in liquid metal have only been insufficiently analyzed in the literature. Because of the difficulty of such an experimental validation, no universal correlations on terminal velocity, shape aspect ratio, and drag force coefficient have been produced to date. The existing bubble shape parameter and terminal velocity correlations with dimensionless numbers are still debatable, mostly because experimental validation is very challenging. The objective of this study was to develop new correlations between bubble stability and bubble deformation in liquid metals. An in-house code, PSI-BOIL, has been used for the simulations. A single bubble rising in a quiescent liquid has been simulated for three different sets of materials (nitrogen+mercury, argon+GaInSn, and argon+steel). The obtained results suggest that shape instability phenomena take place in the bubble dynamics in liquid metals for Eötvös numbers >1.7. Small bubbles (Eo < 1.7) maintain a stable ellipsoidal shape, while the shape and velocity of larger bubbles (Eo > 1.7) tend to oscillate with bubbles rising via non-rectilinear trajectories. The inviscid approximation works well for bubbles in liquid metals. It has been confirmed that the dynamics and the shape of small bubbles (Eo < 1.7) in liquid metals are only controlled by the Weber number.
Numerical simulation of solitary gravity waves on deep water with constant vorticity
Authors: Dosaev A. S. , Shishina M. I. , Troitskaya Yu. I.
Published: September 2022

We present a numerical study of essentially nonlinear dynamics of surface gravity waves on deep water with constant vorticity using governing equations in conformal coordinates. The dispersion relation of surface gravity waves on shear flow is known to have two branches; one of which is weakly dispersive for long waves. Weakly nonlinear evolution of the waves of this branch can be described by the Benjamin–Ono equation, which is integrable and has soliton and multi-soliton solutions. Currently, the extent to which the properties of such solitary waves obtained within the weakly nonlinear model are preserved in the exact Euler equations is unknown. We investigate the behavior of this class of solitary waves without the restrictive assumption of weak nonlinearity by using the exact Euler equations. The evolution of localized initial perturbations leading to the formation of single or multiple solitary waves is modeled, and the properties of finite-amplitude solitary waves are discussed. We show that within the framework of the exact equations, two-soliton collisions are almost elastic, but in contrast to solutions of the Benjamin–Ono equation, the waves receive a phase shift as a result of the interaction.
A dual auxiliary beam galloping triboelectric nanogenerator for low speed wind energy harvesting
Authors: Tian Yun , Meng Xiangkai , Lin Xiaobo , Zhang Lanbin , Xing Chenyang , Dai Huliang , Wang Lin , Peng Zhengchun , Meng Bo
Published: September 2022

Aiming to improve the energy harvesting efficiency under low wind speed, we propose a dual auxiliary beam galloping triboelectric nanogenerator (GTENG) in this work. The structural design of a single main beam and a pair of auxiliary beams enables the device to work under a higher vibration frequency when triggered by wind. A stable and improved working frequency of about 4.6 Hz was observed at various wind speeds. The device started to vibrate at a wind speed of 1.7 m/s and generated an output voltage of about 100 V. The outputs of this GTENG approach to saturation at a wind speed of around 5 m/s. The output voltage and short-circuit current reached 260 V and 20 μA, respectively. A maximum power of about 1 mW was obtained under a wind speed of 5.7 m/s with a load of 33 MΩ. Moreover, the effectivity and long-term stability of the device were demonstrated under low wind speeds. A digital watch is powered for 45 s after charging a 47 μF capacitor for 120 s at a wind speed of 3.1 m/s.
Copper plating on bonding properties of aluminium/steel explosive welded composite plate
Authors: Bi Zhixiong , Li Xuejiao , Yang Ke , Wang Quan , Kai Rong , Dai Xiande
Published: September 2022

In order to reduce critical impact velocity and enlarge weldability window of aluminium/steel explosive welding, a chemical copper plating layer as interlayer was proposed to carry out aluminium/steel explosive welding. The results showed that the interface of the 1060/Q235 composite plate had good bonding performance, and no obvious defects such as cracks and pores were found. Copper plating as intermediate layer could enlarge aluminium/steel weldability window. The thickness of solidified melt was much thicker than that of diffusion zone. The molten copper particles participated in the formation of re-entry jet, which rotated under the action of initial jet. The presence of the Cu layer reduces the occurrence of excessive melting during welding and improves the properties of the interface.
Broader Epstein–Barr virus–specific T cell receptor repertoire in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schneider-Hohendorf Tilman , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Pignolet Béatrice , Gittelman Rachel , Ostkamp Patrick , Rubelt Florian , Raposo Catarina , Tackenberg Björn , Riepenhausen Marianne , Janoschka Claudia , Wünsch Christian , Bucciarelli Florence , Flierl-Hecht Andrea , Beltrán Eduardo , Kümpfel Tania , Anslinger Katja , Gross Catharina C. , Chapman Heidi , Kaplan Ian , Brassat David , Wekerle Hartmut , Kerschensteiner Martin , Klotz Luisa , Lünemann Jan D. , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Liblau Roland , Wiendl Heinz , Schwab Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection precedes multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology and cross-reactive antibodies might link EBV infection to CNS autoimmunity. As an altered anti-EBV T cell reaction was suggested in MS, we queried peripheral blood T cell receptor β chain (TCRβ) repertoires of 1,395 MS patients, 887 controls, and 35 monozygotic, MS-discordant twin pairs for multimer-confirmed, viral antigen–specific TCRβ sequences. We detected more MHC-I–restricted EBV-specific TCRβ sequences in MS patients. Differences in genetics or upbringing could be excluded by validation in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS. Anti–VLA-4 treatment amplified this observation, while interferon β– or anti-CD20 treatment did not modulate EBV-specific T cell occurrence. In healthy individuals, EBV-specific CD8+ T cells were of an effector-memory phenotype in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In MS patients, cerebrospinal fluid also contained EBV-specific central-memory CD8+ T cells, suggesting recent priming. Therefore, MS is not only preceded by EBV infection, but also associated with broader EBV-specific TCR repertoires, consistent with an ongoing anti-EBV immune reaction in MS.
Directing two-way traffic in the kidney: A tale of two ions
Authors: Palmer Lawrence G.
Published: September 2022

The kidneys regulate levels of Na+ and K+ in the body by varying urinary excretion of the electrolytes. Since transport of each of the two ions can affect the other, controlling both at the same time is a complex task. The kidneys meet this challenge in two ways. Some tubular segments change the coupling between Na+ and K+ transport. In addition, transport of Na+ can shift between segments where it is coupled to K+ reabsorption and segments where it is coupled to K+ secretion. This permits the kidney to maintain electrolyte balance with large variations in dietary intake.
Criteria for energy conditions
Authors: Maeda Hideki , Harada Tomohiro
Published: September 2022

In model building studies, it is important to check the energy conditions for the corresponding energy–momentum tensor determined by the gravitational field equations in order to single out physically reasonable models. In this process, one often encounters a situation where the energy–momentum tensor has one off-diagonal ‘space–time’ component in the frame with an orthonormal basis in a given spacetime. We derive useful criteria of energy–momentum tensors for their Hawking–Ellis types and the standard energy conditions in such situations. As demonstrations, we apply those criteria to four different systems.
Hollow Mo2C nanospheres modified B-doped g-C3N4 for high efficient photocatalysts
Authors: Liu Ru-Yi , Ding Lei , Yang Guo-Duo , Zhang Jia-Yu , Jiao Rui , Sun Hai-Zhu
Published: September 2022

Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one of the most promising metal-free semiconductors in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, the preparation of efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts is still a challenge. Herein, the strategy of element doping and co-catalyst loading are employed to make an effective modification on g-C3N4. The Mo2C hollow nanospheres supported by porous B-C3N4 (B-doped g-C3N4) flakes, namely, B-C3N4/Mo2C photocatalysts are successfully constructed by the ultrasonic self-assembly-calcination approach. The unique Mo2C hollow nanospheres structures increases internal multiple visible light scattering, which facilitates light-harvesting, shortens the transport distance of carriers, and hence reduces the carriers recombination. Impressively, B-C3N4/Mo2C-35 exhibits excellent activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production, affording an H2 production rate up to 1696.4 µmol g−1 h−1, which is higher than B-C3N4/3 wt% Pt photocatalyst. Moreover, the apparent quantum efficiency of B-C3N4/Mo2C-35 at 420 nm is 2.12%. Mechanism studies suggest that this desired photocatalytic performance is attributed to a broader light absorption range, more reactive sites and faster carrier transfer rate than that of pure g-C3N4. This work develops a noble metal-free hollow nanosphere co-catalyst system and proposes new insight into the design of g-C3N4-based composite photocatalysts.
Observation of blackbody-like emission from laser-induced plasma at early times and implications for thermal equilibrium
Authors: Nedić Nikodin V , Bukvić Srdjan , Dojić Dejan , Rajačić Luka , Skočić Miloš
Published: September 2022

We present spectroscopic investigation of laser-induced plasma at an early stage of development when the Nd:Yag laser still illuminates the copper target. According to experiments during this phase the plasma nearly meets the three requirement characteristics for a black body: the spectrum is continuous and close in form to Planck’s distribution, the plasma is nontransparent, while reflectivity is close to zero. The surface temperature of the plasma is derived from continuous nearly black-body spectra, emitted by the plasma. The spectra are recorded with temporal resolution of 1 ns, and with spatial resolution of 50 μm in the axial direction. At a later stage, when the plasma becomes transparent, the absorption properties of the plasma are estimated by measuring attenuation of two low-power diagnostic CW lasers (a He–Ne 633 nm and a diode laser 400 nm) applied side-on. By assuming that inverse bremsstrahlung is the dominant absorption mechanism and by comparing absorption coefficients for 633 nm and 400 nm wavelength radiation we derived values for electron density and electron temperature inside the plasma.
Tevatron greatest hits
Authors: Denisov Dmitri , Vellidis Costas
Published: September 2022

The Tevatron collider led the World energy frontier program in particle physics during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. During this exciting period the standard model of particle physics was in its final stages of development and the search for physics beyond the standard model became one of the main research topics. In this review article we summarize the design and performance of the Tevatron collider and its two detectors, CDF and D0, as well as their evolution. Highlights of the Tevatron scientific results are provided, including the discovery of the top quark and measurements of its properties, studies and discoveries of the particles containing heavy quarks, precision studies of the strong and electroweak forces, searches for beyond the standard model particles and interactions, as well as the hunt for the Higgs boson.
Interacting particles in an activity landscape
Authors: Wysocki Adam , Dasanna Anil K , Rieger Heiko
Published: September 2022

We study interacting active Brownian particles (ABPs) with a space-dependent swim velocity via simulation and theory. We find that, although an equation of state exists, a mechanical equilibrium does not apply to ABPs in activity landscapes. The pressure imbalance originates in the flux of polar order and the gradient of swim velocity across the interface between regions of different activity. An active–passive patch system is mainly controlled by the smallest global density for which the passive patch can be close packed. Below this density a critical point does not exist and the system splits continuously into a dense passive and a dilute active phase with increasing activity. Above this density and for sufficiently high activity the active phase may start to phase separate into a gas and a liquid phase caused by the same mechanism as motility-induced phase separation of ABPs with a homogeneous swim velocity.
Robust orbital diamagnetism in correlated Dirac fermions
Authors: Tada Yasuhiro
Published: September 2022

We study orbital diamagnetism at zero temperature in (2 + 1)-dimensional Dirac fermions with a short-range interaction which exhibits a quantum phase transition to a charge density wave (CDW) phase. We introduce orbital magnetic fields into spinless Dirac fermions on the π-flux square lattice, and analyze them by using infinite density matrix renormalization group. It is found that the diamagnetism remains intact in the Dirac semimetal regime, while it is monotonically suppressed in the CDW regime. Around the quantum critical point of the CDW phase transition, we find a scaling behavior of the diamagnetism characteristic of the chiral Ising universality class. Besides, the scaling analysis implies that the robust orbital diamagnetism at weak magnetic fields in a Dirac semimetal regime would hold not only in our model but also in other interacting Dirac fermion systems as long as scaling regions are wide enough. The scaling behavior may also be regarded as a quantum, magnetic analogue of the critical Casimir effect which has been widely studied for classical phase transitions.
Classification of static spherically symmetric perfect fluid space-times via conformal vector fields in f(T) gravity
Authors: Hussain Fiaz , Ali Murtaza , Ramzan Muhammad , Qazi Sabiha
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we classify static spherically symmetric (SS) perfect fluid space-times via conformal vector fields (CVFs) in f(T) gravity. For this analysis, we first explore static SS solutions by solving the Einstein field equations in f(T) gravity. Secondly, we implement a direct integration technique to classify the resulting solutions. During the classification, there arose 20 cases. Studying each case thoroughly, we came to know that in three cases the space-times under consideration admit proper CVFs in f(T) gravity. In one case, the space-time admits proper homothetic vector fields, whereas in the remaining 16 cases either the space-times become conformally flat or they admit Killing vector fields.
Advanced Foot step power generation system for mobile charging
Authors: Sai Bhargav K. , Guru Kiran Reddy L. , Patel Rushik P. B , Mounish Reddy T. , Shilpa Bagade
Published: September 2022

The major focus of this study is the generation of electric power from people’s footsteps and the pressure applied when walking. “Advanced Foot Step Power Generation System” refers to the mechanical power transformation into electrical power as a result of the pressure generated by the footstep and the use of transducers. The power-producing floor generates power, which is essentially the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy. Today’s electricity demand is growing, and existing power generation sources are unable to meet this worldwide challenge. The fundamental issue of the energy crisis is the demand and supply imbalance. Although it will not be enough to meet the world’s overwhelming need for electrical energy, it will be able to transform and reduce dependency on traditional methods of generating electricity. It can be implemented on roadside footpaths, parks and jogging tracks, as well as many other public places, such as airports, and will have a significant impact on electrical power generation.
Health monitoring smart glove using esp32 microcontroller
Authors: Jahnavi T S , Thumma Naveen , Reddy Kolla Abhishek , Teja Upadarsta V R S S H , Gunasree M , Kiran M
Published: September 2022

Even after voice assistants, virtual assistants, and other new technologies have come into existence, many are still facing problems to use them conveniently and effectively. Our project is mainly applicable to old people, physically challenged, and bedridden people. Our project application areas are hospitals and old age homes. During emergency situations where the user is not able to access his/her mobile phone, our prototype can handle such situations effectively by detecting the user’s hand gestures and sending alerts to caretakers and hospitals. Our model also has a medical alert system. According to the prior initialization of the time for the medicines to be taken, this prototype alerts the user at that exact time. The alert message is displayed on the OLED and also through a buzzer. This glove has a temperature sensor, flex sensors, and pulse-oxy sensors embedded which give the continuous readings of user-health parameters and are displayed on the OLED placed on the glove. The main feature of the glove is to communicate the needs of the user which can be accomplished by a flex sensor.
IOT Based Moisture Measurement and Conveyor Belt Monitoring in Yarn Mill
Authors: Kalavathi Devi T. , Madhan Mohan M. , Baluprithviraj K.N. , Poojashri V. , Swetha A. , Vasuki P.
Published: September 2022

Yarn manufacturing in spinning mills is done when the twisted length of fiber goes to cheese, doubling, and winding machines. The humidity and temperature must be maintained to ensure the yarn quality. The conveyor belts have to be monitored continuously to avoid the interruption of the belts. This paper provides a solution to maintain the precise range of humidity and temperature and also to surveil the conveyor belts. The system contains a DHT sensor and an IR sensor. If the DHT sensor detects the increase in the moisture level or temperature, the signal is sent to the controller, and using a relay, either the heater or the cooler is activated respectively. The humidity level and the temperature of the yarn are displayed on the LCD. Simultaneously, the values can also be viewed on the user’s mobile application Blynk using an IoT. Another feature of this application is the continuous monitoring of the conveyor belt. If the belt stops, the IR sensor detects it, and the user is alarmed by a buzzer indicating that action is required to restart. This method reduces yarn breakage and improves the quality of the yarn. It provides continuous monitoring; the IoT application provides real-time values.
Reduction of Electromagnetic Interference Using EMI Filter in a Buck Converter
Authors: Ruth Anita Shirley D , Sasipriya S , Sibi T , Ragul B , Praveen S
Published: September 2022

The presence of non-isolated DC-DC buck converter plays a crucial role in electrification of aircraft, bio-medical and automotive devices. To obtain output devoid of interference from external sources, maximizing specific power or power density of the EMI filter is necessary. This requires a filter that is capable of eliminating or filtering these unwanted surges or spikes in the power converters. In this paper an EMI filter is placed in the buck converter operating with common mode/differential mode. An EMI filter is first designed taking into account the impact of interference in the power rails and the ground rails. The model is implemented and the output of the buck converter in the presence and absence of the proposed EMI filter is analysed.