bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Inhibitors for Steel Corrosion in Acidic Media
Authors: Abd-El-Nabey B. A. , Mohamed M. E. , Helmy Ahmed , Elnagar H. , Abdel-Gaber A.M.
Published: September 2024

The inhibitory action of eco-friendly food waste extracts, Red Beta Vulgaris leaves (R.B.V.L) and Prunus cerasus seeds (P.C.S), on the B7 grade steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl were investigated utilizing chemical and electrochemical measurements. The functional groups of both extracts have been predicted utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The potentiodynamic polarization technique reveals that the two extracts act as a mixed-type inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique shows that the corrosion process is controlled via charge transfer. Both extracts exhibit a maximum inhibitory efficiency of 75%. Langmuir and Flory–Huggins isotherms, as well as the Kinetic-thermodynamic model, were used to study the inhibition mode of both extracts. The values of the change in free energy of adsorption, ΔGads, demonstrate that the adsorption occurs via the physisorption (electrostatic) mechanism. The activation parameters were determined and discussed. The quantum chemical calculations have proceeded to show the main active ingredients.
Smart Solar Photovoltaic Panel Dust Monitoring System Using Internet of Thing (IoT)
Authors: Mohd Suhaimi Siti Nur Afifah , Jasmie Mohd Nasri , Zambri Nor Aira , Hassan Omar Abu , Mustafa Farahiyah , Yi Sim Sy , Salim Norhafiz
Published: September 2024

Photovoltaic technology has become one of the most popular ways of generating power from renewable energy sources. Solar panels are solely responsible for generating the maximum amount of electricity. One of the reasons to be rectified is the lack of equipment or systematic monitoring of solar panels. Due to their surface being covered with dust and not being cleaned for a long time, solar panels can get damaged and become unable to generate electricity. This project investigates the factors of dust that impact photovoltaic module performance and designs an intelligent monitoring system. The project aims to develop a monitoring system that allows users to use their smartphones to monitor the cleanliness of solar panels. This monitoring kit includes a dust sensor component as data input and a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller that receives, processes, and sends data to the Blynk application. The project enables the owners to monitor their solar panels in real-time. The results show that solar panel performance has decreased by 61% when the reading value of dust sensor 1 is 47%, dust sensor 2 is 30%, dust sensor 3 is 53%, and dust sensor 4 is 50%. The benefits of this project are that solar panel maintenance will be more systematic, ensuring solar panels can generate the maximum electricity, and they are not easily damaged, thus increasing the lifespan of solar panels.
Orientation of Linear Liquid Alkane on Solid Surface of Face Centered Cubic Lattice of (100), (110) and (111)
Authors: Rama Ranjini Devi , Saleman Abdul Rafeq , Zakaria Muhamad Shukri , Mohd Rosli Mohd Afzanizam , Manshoor Bukhari
Published: September 2024

Solid-liquid (S-L) interfaces are found in numerous engineering applications, such as lubrication and coating systems as well as thermal interface materials. Understanding the interactions between (S-L) is crucial for optimizing various engineering applications. The main objective of this study is to provide insight regarding liquid adsorption on solid surfaces using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. To achieve this goal, a liquid confined between solid surfaces will be modeled to match the real state of contact interfaces using a constant temperature as a baseline. The results highlight a significant relationship between the peak height values of the liquid adsorption layer, density profile, and radius of gyration. Specifically, the peak height density at the S-L interfaces for the crystal plane (110) is 784.756 kg/m3, followed by (100) at 801.786 kg/m3, and finally the highest is for the crystal plane (111), at 966.940 kg/m3. Whereas the radius of gyration at the S-L interfaces for crystal planes (100) and (111) is approximately 7.45 × 10-21 m2, but for crystal plane (110) it is less and measures approximately 7.06 × 10-21 m2. Conclusion, the adsorption layer of solid density near solid-liquid interfaces is significantly influenced by the peak height of the solid's density. Higher density results in a higher adsorption layer of liquid near solid-liquid interfaces. The number of solid density layers does not affect the height of adsorption layers for liquids.
Sound Classification for Non-Destructive Diagnosis of Basal Stem Rot Disease based on Stem Density in Oil Palm Trunks
Authors: Augsornthip Chalatorn , Neranon Paramin , Phukpattaranont Pornchai , Romyen Arisara
Published: September 2024

Oil palm trees play a crucial role in the economies of Southeast Asian countries, providing palm oil that is essential for various products and consumption. However, the Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease caused by the white-rot fungus Ganoderma spp. poses a significant challenge, leading to wilting and death of the trees. This study proposes a practical and accessible approach for the routine detection of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease in oil palm trees caused by Ganoderma spp. A prototype system for initial disease diagnosis is developed by utilizing the local wisdom technique of tapping and assessing knocking sounds based on stem density in oil palm trunks. Three algorithms, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine Classifier (SVC), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models are compared for accuracy in two sound recognition experiments. The first experiment involves a three-class classification model (healthy, boundary, and infected areas), while the second excludes the boundary area. Results demonstrate that the CNN model outperforms SVC and MLP, achieving the highest accuracy of 90.73% in the two-class scenario and 84.97% in the three-class scenario, along with superior precision, recall, and F1 score. The CNN model proves to be the most effective in accurately classifying the data in both scenarios compared to the other models. This prototype system offers promising implications for the early detection and proactive management of Ganoderma spp. disease, contributing to the preservation and sustainability of oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia.
Catalytic Potential of Singgora Roof Tiles in Transesterification for Sustainable Biodiesel
Authors: Amiera Husna Abdul Halim  , Mahanum Mohd Zamberi  , Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin  , Nor Faizah Haminudin  , Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rasid  , Norfadhilah Hamzah  , Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti  , Syed Muhammad Farhan Syed Mohamad
Published: September 2024

The study centred around the uitilization of Singgora roof tiles as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel via the transesterification process. The motivation behind this choice stems from the non-recyclable nature of Singgora roof tiles and their potential applicability in biodiesel synthesis. To enhance the catalytic properties, zinc oxide (ZnO) is incorporated using the wet impregnation technique during catalyst preparation. The catalyst was characterized by XRF and SEM-EDX. A two-step transesterification method is employed to mitigate the levels of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil (WCO). The initial step involves treating the WCO with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to reduce FFA. Subsequently, the Singgora roof tiles catalyst is utilized in the second step. A high yield of FAMEs, specifically 96.96%, was achieved under the optimal conditions, which included a methanol-to- oil ratio of 12:1, a catalyst concentration of 1 wt.%, a reaction temperature of 65 °C, and a reaction time of 2 hours. The quality of the biodiesel produced was analyzed according to biodiesel standards such as ASTM D6751, EN 14214, and AOCS, and it met all the required standards. The study demonstrates the potential of using Singgora roof tiles as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production, offering a promising approach to repurposing non-recyclable materials and advancing sustainable biodiesel production methods.
Educação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade: Estratégias Pedagógicas para o Ensino de Biologia
Authors: Silva Jobson de Lima e
Published: September 2024

Introdução: Este artigo aborda a importância da educação ambiental no ensino de Biologia, destacando sua relevância para a formação de cidadãos conscientes e comprometidos com a sustentabilidade. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é revisar e analisar as principais estratégias pedagógicas aplicadas ao ensino de Biologia com enfoque na educação ambiental e sustentabilidade. Método: A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com coleta de dados em bases científicas relevantes, aplicando critérios rigorosos de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABP), o uso de tecnologias educacionais, e atividades práticas são as metodologias mais eficazes, embora enfrentem desafios como a falta de recursos e a necessidade de formação continuada dos professores. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, apesar dos obstáculos, essas estratégias pedagógicas têm o potencial de transformar o ensino de Biologia, promovendo uma educação ambiental mais eficaz e integrada ao currículo escolar, essencial para a construção de uma sociedade sustentável.
Inclusão e Ensino de Biologia: Desafios e Oportunidades na Educação de Estudantes com Necessidades Especiais
Authors: Silva Jobson de Lima e
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A inclusão de estudantes com necessidades especiais no ensino de Biologia é um desafio significativo no campo educacional, dado a diversidade de demandas desses alunos e a complexidade dos conteúdos biológicos. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar as práticas pedagógicas, os desafios enfrentados e as oportunidades para a inclusão desses estudantes em aulas de Biologia. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, analisando estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2024. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, embora haja avanços em políticas inclusivas e no desenvolvimento de tecnologias assistivas, persiste uma carência significativa de formação específica para professores e de recursos pedagógicos adaptados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, para uma inclusão efetiva, é necessário um esforço conjunto envolvendo formação docente contínua, adaptação curricular e o uso equilibrado de tecnologias, promovendo um ambiente de aprendizado equitativo e acessível para todos os estudantes. A implementação dessas medidas pode transformar o ensino de Biologia, tornando-o mais inclusivo e beneficiando não apenas os estudantes com necessidades especiais, mas toda a comunidade escolar.
CHANG-ES. XXXII. Spatially Resolved Thermal–Nonthermal Separation from Radio Data Alone—New Probes into NGC 3044 and NGC 5775
Authors: Irwin Judith , Cook Tanden , Stein Michael , Dettmar Ralf-Juergen , Heesen Volker , Wang Q. Daniel , Wiegert Theresa , Stein Yelena , Vargas Carlos
Published: September 2024

We have carried out spatially resolved thermal–nonthermal separation on two edge-on galaxies, NGC 3044 and NGC 5775, using only radio data. Narrowband imaging within a frequency band that is almost contiguous from 1.25 to 7.02 GHz (L band, S band, and C band) has allowed us to fit spectra and construct thermal, nonthermal, and nonthermal spectral index maps. This method does not require any ancillary Hα and IR data or rely on dust corrections that are challenging in edge-on galaxies. For NGC 3044, at 15″ resolution, we find a median thermal fraction of ∼13% with an estimated uncertainty in this fraction of ∼50% at 4.13 GHz. This compares well with the Hα mixture method results. We uncovered evidence for a vertical outflow feature reaching at least z ∼ 3.5 kpc in projection above the plane, reminiscent of M82's starburst wind. For the higher star formation rate galaxy, NGC 5775, at 12″ resolution, we find a median thermal fraction of 44% at 4.13 GHz with an estimated error on this fraction of 17%. Both galaxies show a change of slope (flattening) in L band. These results suggest that a radio-only method for separating thermal from nonthermal emission is not only feasible, but able to reveal new features that might otherwise be obscured in edge-on disks.
Sudden Polarization Angle Jumps of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20201124A
Authors: Niu J. R. , Wang W. Y. , Jiang J. C. , Qu Y. , Zhou D. J. , Zhu W. W. , Lee K. J. , Han J. L. , Zhang B. , Li D. , Cao S. , Fang Z. Y. , Feng Y. , Fu Q. Y. , Jiang P. , Jing W. C. , Li J. , Li Y. , Luo R. , Meng L. Q. , Miao C. C. , Miao X. L. , Niu C. H. , Pan Y. C. , Wang B. J. , Wang F. Y. , Wang H. Z. , Wang P. , Wu Q. , Wu Z. W. , Xu H. , Xu J. W. , Xu L. , Xue M. Y. , Yang Y. P. , Yuan M. , Yue Y. L. , Zhao D. , Zhang C. F. , Zhang D. D. , Zhang J. S. , Zhang S. B. , Zhang Y. K. , Zhu Y. H.
Published: September 2024

We report the first detection of polarization angle orthogonal jumps, a phenomenon previously only observed from radio pulsars, from a fast radio burst (FRB) source FRB 20201124A. We find three cases of orthogonal jumps in over 2000 bursts, all resembling those observed in pulsar single pulses. We propose that the jumps are due to the superposition of two orthogonal emission modes that could only be produced in a highly magnetized plasma, and they are caused by the line of sight sweeping across a rotating magnetosphere. The shortest jump timescale is of the order of 1 millisecond, which hints that the emission modes come from regions smaller than the light cylinder of most pulsars or magnetars. This discovery provides convincing evidence that FRB emission originates from the complex magnetosphere of a magnetar, suggesting an FRB emission mechanism that is analogous to radio pulsars despite a huge luminosity difference between two types of objects.
mardigras: A Visualization Tool of Theoretical Mass–Radius Relations in the Context of Planetary Science
Authors: Aguichine Artyom
Published: September 2024

Over the past two decades, mass–radius relations have become a crucial tool for inferring the bulk composition of exoplanets using only their measured masses and radii. These relations, often referred to as isocomposition curves, are derived from interior structure models by calculating the theoretical radius as a function of mass for a given fixed planetary composition. Each mass–radius curve can be influenced by a variety of parameters, such as planetary composition, age, and equilibrium temperature. Navigating this parameter space can be cumbersome, particularly when models or their results are not open-source. To address this challenge, I have developed MAss–Radius DIaGRAm with Sliders, a visualization tool that enables simple, fast, and interactive exploration of the parameter space that governs mass–radius relations for any given model.
Salvia penghuana (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
Authors: Qiu Feng-Jin , Yu Deng-Li , Lan Hong-Bo , An Ming-Tai , Geng Yan-Fei , Xiang Chun-Lei , Hu Guo-Xiong
Published: September 2024

Salvia penghuana, a new species from Guizhou Province of southwestern China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, Salvia penghuana is similar to S. filicifolia, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by ovate-lanceolate bracts, purple corolla, and foot-shaped fused lower arms of connective. In addition, S. penhuana is morphologically similar to S. cavaleriei, but differs by having 3–4-pinnate leave, ovate-lanceolate bracts, puberulent calyx, and longer upper arms of connective. Based on the fibril root, small calyx and corolla, and completely reduced posterior thecae, S. penghuana should be placed in section Sobiso of subg. Glutinaria.
Four new species of the genus Yunguirius (Araneae, Agelenidae) from China
Authors: Wei Mian , Liu Jie , Wang Kai
Published: September 2024

Four new species of Yunguirius B. Li, Zhao & S.Q. Li, 2023 are described from China, namely: Yunguirius parvus Wei & Liu, sp. nov. (♀), Yunguirius trigonus Wei & Liu, sp. nov. (♀), Yunguirius wangqiqiae Wei & Liu, sp. nov. (♀), and Yunguirius xiannushanensis Wei & Liu, sp. nov. (♀).
Numerical treatment of the fractional Rayleigh-Stokes problem using some orthogonal combinations of Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Abd-Elhameed Waleed Mohamed , Al-Sady Ahad M. , Alqubori Omar Mazen , Atta Ahmed Gamal
Published: September 2024

This work aims to provide a new Galerkin algorithm for solving the fractional Rayleigh-Stokes equation (FRSE). We select the basis functions for the Galerkin technique to be appropriate orthogonal combinations of the second kind of Chebyshev polynomials (CPs). By implementing the Galerkin approach, the FRSE, with its governing conditions, is converted into a matrix system whose entries can be obtained explicitly. This system can be obtained by expressing the derivatives of the basis functions in terms of the second-kind CPs and after computing some definite integrals based on some properties of CPs of the second kind. A thorough investigation is carried out for the convergence analysis. We demonstrate that the approach is applicable and accurate by providing some numerical examples.
HYPREZ Wafering Solutions: A Novel Approach of SiC Wafering Solution
Authors: Lee Giho , Hartmann Andrew , Kassir Salman
Published: September 2024

A novel approach for processing SiC wafers has been developed to grind then polish 150 and 200mm SiC wafers without lapping. The purpose of this work was to optimize the processing of SiC wafers sliced from boules to finished epi-ready wafers by grinding and chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). Diamond vitrified wheels were used for coarse and fine grinding to correct the irregular shape of SiC wafers before reducing surface roughness by CMP. 4H-SiC wafers were sliced by diamond embedded/slurry wire saw and laser split techniques. Incoming wafer condition was seen to affect coarse grinding wheel performance depending on incoming surface roughness and shape. Wheel characteristics, including abrasive size, abrasive concentration, and bond structure, were adjusted to improve grinding efficiency based on incoming conditions. Coarse grinding wheels were able to reduce wafer total thickness variation to 3-5um and average surface roughness to 20-30nm (Ra). Fine grinding wheels were optimized to reduce total thickness variation (TTV) below 2um and surface roughness to 1-2nm Ra and peak-to-valley height of 20-30nm (Rt). Coarse and fine wafering time was less than 30 minutes total to remove 50 microns on both Si and C-face per wafer. Surface damage from grinding was removed after one hour of polishing each wafer by CMP, achieving surface roughness of 0.4nm Ra and 5-7nm Rt. The benefit of optimizing coarse and fine grinding of 150 and 200mm SiC wafers is demonstrated by producing flat wafers, which reduced overall processing time to prepare an epi-ready condition by CMP.
Proposal of Damage-Free SiC Wafer Dicing Using Water Jet Guided Laser
Authors: Kadoya Shotaro , Takahashi Satoru , Michihata Masaki , Ohtani Noboru , Abe Kozo , Arimura Shunsuke
Published: September 2024

A damage-free SiC wafer dicing method has been strongly required for practical applications of power devices. In this research, we propose water jet guided laser processing as a novel dicing method. Water jet guided laser processing, which uses a high-pressure fine water jet as waveguide, could generate no cracks or dislocations in crystal. In this paper, water jet guided laser grooving quality was evaluated to demonstrate there should be no chippings and basal plane dislocations. Scanning electron microscopic and X-ray topography observations were conducted. The results indicated the superiority of water jet guided laser dicing to a conventional dicing method.
Demonstration of SiC-on-Insulator Substrate with Smart Cut™ Technology for Photonic Applications
Authors: Huet Stéphanie , Guerber Sylvain , Rolland Emmanuel , Szelag Bertrand , Gelineau Guillaume , Moulin Alexandre , Prudkovskiy Vladimir S. , Troutot Nicolas , Licitra Christophe , Gergaud Patrice , Barbet Sophie , Delcroix Mathieu , Caridroit Simon , Amalbert Vincent , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Melati Daniele , Edmond Samson , Vivien Laurent , Mony Karine , Lapertot Gérard , Widiez Julie
Published: September 2024

Silicon-carbide-on-insulator (SiCOI) is a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits. However, the development of this new photonic platform is hindered by the lack of high-quality commercial SiC-on-insulator substrates. In this study, we present a demonstration of the transfer of a single crystalline semi-insulating 4H-SiC thin film on a SiO2insulated substrate at 150 mm wafer scale using the Smart Cut™ technology. We describe the development of SiCOI substrates and their characterization at each key step of the process. In particular, we provide a detailed study of bow compensation related to the implanted SiC donor substrate. The quality of the transferred SiC layer was investigated as a function of the final annealing temperature applied. The optical indices of the bulk SiC were measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and an advanced model has been used to take into account the strong birefringence of the silicon carbide film. Finally, simulations were conducted to design a preliminary set of basic and advanced photonic devices.
Dicing Process for 4H-SiC Wafers by Plasma Etching Using High-Pressure SF6 Plasma with Metal Masks
Authors: Sano Yasuhisa , Nakanishi Yuma , Oshima Masaaki , Iden Shunto , Yamada Jumpei , Toh Daisetsu , Yamauchi Kazuto
Published: September 2024

Since SiC is hard and brittle, dicing by normal grinding process not only requires a long time for processing, but also reduces chip strength due to microcracks. The use of highly efficient and damage-free etching with high-pressure plasma as a chemical processing method for dicing rather than mechanical processing was investigated. The results of groove processing using a combination of a metal mask with slit-like apertures and plasma etching with high-pressure SF6 plasma showed that the processing speed decreased with decreasing slit width and increasing groove depth. The results of electrostatic field calculations suggest that this is due to a decrease in plasma intensity caused by electric field decreasing.
An Analysis of Age-Related Body Composition Changes and Metabolic Patterns in Korean Adults Using FDG-PET/CT Health Screening Data
Authors: Oh Chang-Myung , Bang Ji-In , Lee Sang Yoon , Lee Jae Kyung , Chai Jee Won , Oh So Won
Published: September 2024

Background: F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) can be used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA), Hounsfield units (HU) of liver and muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and glucose metabolism. The present study aimed to identify age-related changes in body composition and glucose metabolism in Korean using opportunistic FDG-PET/CT imaging.Methods: We analyzed FDG-PET/CT, clinical history, and laboratory data abstracted from the medical records of patients who underwent health screening at a single institute between 2017 and 2022.Results: In total, 278 patients were included in the analysis (male:female=140:138). Age and body mass index were positively correlated in female, but negatively correlated in male. BMD decreased with age more in female, and CSMA decreased with age more in male. Muscle HU decreased with age for both sexes. In female, SAT and VAT increased with age; and in male, SAT decreased slightly while VAT remained stable. Muscle glucose metabolism showed no association with age in male but increased with age in female. CSMA correlated positively with BMD overall; and positively correlated with VAT and SAT in male only. In female only, both SAT and VAT showed negative correlations with glucose metabolism and correlated positively with muscle glucose metabolism. Liver HU values were inversely correlated with VAT, especially in female; and positively correlated with muscle glucose metabolism in female only.Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT demonstrated distinct patterns of age-related changes in body composition and glucose metabolism, with significant differences between sexes.
Pauline concept of ministry in 2 Corinthians 4:1–15 and the religious celebrity syndrome in Nigeria
Authors: Enobong Solomon I. , Ituma Ezichi A. , Uroko Favour C.
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the Pauline concept of ministry as delineated in 2 Corinthians 4:1–15 and its correlation with the prevalence of the religious celebrity syndrome within the Nigerian Church, with the objective of offering insights into addressing this phenomenon. In contemporary Nigerian Christianity, there has been a noticeable emergence of religious celebrities in Christian ministry who prioritise personal fame, material gain and sensationalism over the sincere and honest proclamation of the gospel of Jesus Christ. This trend raises concerns about the deviation from the biblical model of ministry, as exemplified by the apostle Paul, and its implications for the spiritual health of the church and its impact on society. Through a critical exegesis of 2 Corinthians 4:1–15, this study delves into Paul’s understanding of ministry, focussing on themes such as integrity, humility, suffering, selfless sacrifice and the exaltation of Christ. Additionally, qualitative research methods, including interviews, surveys and case studies, were employed to examine the extent and effects of religious celebrity syndrome in the Nigerian Church. The analysis of 2 Corinthians 4:1–15 underscores Paul’s emphasis on the sacrificial nature of Christian ministry, wherein servants of God are called to embody humility and prioritise the proclamation of the gospel above personal gain or acclaim. Concurrently, the qualitative research reveals the pervasive influence of the religious celebrity syndrome in the Nigerian Church, leading to spiritual shallowness, moral compromise and a distorted view of Christianity and Christian ministry in particular within the church and the larger society. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Nigerian Church reaffirm its commitment to the Pauline model of ministry by promoting humility, integrity and a Christ-centred focus among its leaders and congregants.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of aligning contemporary ministry practices in the Nigerian Church with the principles elucidated by Paul in 2 Corinthians 4:1–15. By embracing humility, integrity and a fervent devotion to Christ, the Church can effectively combat the religious celebrity syndrome within its fold and reclaim its role as a catalyst for societal change.
Analysis of the relationship between heaven and man in Neo-Confucianism from an ecological perspective
Authors: Tang Zhejia , Li Xuedan
Published: September 2024

Neo-Confucianism’s understanding of the relationship between heaven and man greatly reflects their view of nature and their aesthetic pursuits. Confucianism revolves around the perfection of human virtue, and the profundity of its theory of the relationship between heaven and humanity lies in the recognition of the value of all natural things. Therefore, the Confucian view of nature and humans emphasises the Unity of Heaven and Man by virtue. The concept of ‘the Unity of Heaven and Man by virtue’ unfolds the characteristic of symbiosis between humans and all things, which is manifested by the natural view of oneness of all things. The virtue of Sheng reflects the natural aesthetic consciousness of Confucianism. In Confucianism, virtue and beauty are unified, and this characteristic is mainly manifested as the beauty of ShengSheng. Sheng is not only a kind of great virtue but also a kind of great beauty, and the idea of the beauty of ShengSheng embodies the Confucian pursuit of the beauty of natural life.Contribution: This article mainly examines the relationship between humans and heaven in Neo-Confucianism. In particular, it focusses on the thought of ‘the Unity of Heaven and Man’, and analyses the natural aesthetic influence of this thought.
Abstract No.: ABS0455: Perioperative management of hip fracture patients- are we following the guidelines? a retrospective observational study
Authors: Pavithran Priyanka
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

No study have explored guidelines on management of hip fracture patients practice in our country.

Methods:

This retrospective study included all patients above 65 years of age , scheduled for orthopaedic surgery following hip fracture from January 2020 - 21. The hospital information system was used to obtain the clinical details. The details of care pathway received by patient from the time of admission until discharge were collected. For perioperative outcome, patients were followed up to 30 days after hospital admission. . The perioperative management was compared with the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI), guidelines for management of hip fractures and any deviations from compliance was recorded. Our primary objective was to assess the adherence to these guidelines at our hospital. Secondary objectives were to explore the deviations in practice.

Results:

A total of 126 patients were included in the tsudy.The adherence to the major recommendations are shown in Figure 1.

Use of antiplatelet drugs was the reason most commonly cited for delay in surgery. Anaesthesia was administered in 75% of the patients by senior anaesthesiologist. Majority (71.1%) were operated under subarachnoid block [Figure 1]. A total of 32% patients developed intraoperative hypotension and 16% patients developed postoperative complications, the most common was aspiration pneumonia. Out of all patients, 10 patients expired in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:

We found that the adherence to the AAGBI recommendations was good in several areas but lacked in. preoperative cognitive assessment and involvement of geriatrician. Aged; hip fractures;medical audit; total quality management..

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Abstract No.: ABS0636: Role of the high-flow nasal cannula as a treatment modality in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure because of COVID 19 – A prospective observational study
Authors: Mishra Labella
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

The high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), a high-flow oxygen-generating device, delivers targeted FiO2 and reduces the dead space with adequate positive end-expiratory pressure delivery, improving the ventilatory efficiency. We aimed to establish the efficacy of HFNC in the management of hypoxemic respiratoryfailure because of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) using ROX index [(SpO2/FiO2)/RR].

Methods:

A total of 65 COVID-19-positive patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) were selected based on whether SpO2 <90% with laboured breathing and not improving on a non-re-breathing mask at >15 l/min of oxygen. Patients were observed every 4 hours with respect to ROX index, vital and laboratory parameters, arterial blood pressure analysis, and drug treatment, depending on which patients were either weaned off or put on non-invasive ventilation (NIV)/invasive ventilation. Thus, ROX index was used to evaluate the efficacy of using HFNC in the management of hypoxemic respiratory failure because of COVID-19.

Results:

The mean baseline ROX index of all 65 patients at the time of admission in ICU was 3.76 ± 0.54. The mean ROX index of all 65 patients at 2, 6, and 12 hours of being put on HFNC was 4.79 ± 0.79, 4.86 ± 0.8, and 5.04 ± 0.85, respectively. Out of 65, 14 patients who experienced HFNC failure had a mean ROX index of 3.40 ± 0.76 before being put on NIV/invasive ventilation at an average median of 48 hours (24–114 hours).

Conclusion:

ROX index can be effectively correlated with the efficacy of HFNC in the management of hypoxemic respiratory failure because of COVID-19, thus decreasing the need of NIV or invasive ventilation.
Abstract No.: ABS0857: Efficacy and Safety of Mini-craniotomy under Local Anaesthesia as a Less Invasive Procedure for Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Masih Shah Mehndi
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Background: Mini-craniotomy is generally considered a better technique than burr hole drainage for chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) as there are less chances of recurrence and need for re-surgery . But generally mini craniotomy is performed under general anaesthesia and this is found to be associated with post-operative complication in earlier studies. The same procedure when carried under local anaesthesia is expected to cause less post-operative complications

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Methods:

In this retrospective study patients of age 50 years or higher those who underwentmini-craniotomy under general or local anaesthesia were included. Preoperative condition, surgery duration and post-operative complications were obtained from patients’ medical records and compared

Results:

Sixty patients were included in the study. Thirty-two of these patients underwent mini-craniotomy under LA and thirty-eight under GA. Improvement was better in patients who underwent the surgery under local anaesthesia than the general anaesthesia group. Postoperative complications like pneumonia and DVT (Deep Venous Thrombosis) were less frequent in local anaesthesia group.

Conclusion:

Mini-craniotomy performed under local anaesthesia is found to have same efficacy than the same procedure performed under general anaesthesia. It is also found to have less chances of recurrence, reoperation and postoperative complication. So, mini-craniotomy under local anaesthesia can be better alternative for CSDH.

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Abstract No.: ABS1016: Comparison of clinical performance of I-GEL and LMA blockbuster in adult patient during general anaesthesia: a comparative randomised trial
Authors: Das Prerna Prabhat
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

LMA BLOCKBUSTER is relatively newer second generation supraglottic device.There are various meta analysis comparing I-GEL and LMA SUPREME.However we conducted this study to compare clinical performance of I-GEL and LMA BLOCKBUSTER regarding oropharyngeal leak pressure and time for successful insertion.

Methods:

After getting approval from institutional ethical committee and getting CTRI registered, a total of 62 adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II between 20-60 years undergoing procedures for whichsupraglottic devices are used routinely, were included in this prospective randomised controlled trial and randomised into 2 groups by a computer generated random number sequence (Group I receiving I-GEL and Group L receiving LMABLOCKBUSTER) of 32 cases in each group. We compared oropharyngeal leak pressure and time for successful insertion onfirst attempt by visible end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) graph on the monitor.

Results:

Patients of both groups were comparable with each other in baseline demographic profile. Oropharyngeal leak pressure ofpatients of Group L (24.59Â±2.76 cmH2O) was found to be significantly higher as compared to Group I (20.60Â±2.33cmH2O) with p value <0.001. Whereas mean time of insertion of device was lesser in Group I (13.50Â±2.62 seconds) thanthat of Group L (14.09Â±2.01 seconds) yet this difference was not found to be statistically significant (p value=0.319)

Conclusion:

Both I-GEL and LMA BLOCKBUSTER can be used safely and effectively in terms of airway management in adult patientsundergoing general anaesthesia. Compared with commonly used supraglottic device I-GEL, LMA BLOCKBUSTER has higher oropharyngeal leak pressure and therefore provides high quality of airway sealing, but with lesser mean time of insertion for I-GEL.
Abstract No. : ABS1275: Efficacy of novel dual channel LMAGastro™ with colour coded pressure gauge in day care GI endoscopy procedures
Authors: SejalParmar
Published: September 2024

Background &Aims:

The aims and objectives were to evaluate the utility ofGastro™Laryngealmaskairway(LMA) for gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopic procedures for improvement of airway control, to prevent hypoxia andto avoid intubation.

Methods:

A prospective randomised observational study was conducted in 50 patients, 25 in each group for elective GI endoscopy procedures.Group G : LMA Gastro Group N : Nasal Cannula .All were observed for intraoperative hypoxia/any adverse events/endotracheal intubation. Inclusion criteriawere 18 -60 years, AmericanSocietyofAnesthesiologists(ASA) gradel,ll,lll,ModifiedMallampatiscorEclassIandII,supine/lateral position, Day care,,fasting. Exclusion criteriawere emergency procedure,notnil by mouth,prone position, pregnant and lactating females.

Results:

50 patients of ASAI,IIand III undergoing GI endoscopic procedure were divided into two groups. Gastro LMA and nasal prong groups;each having 25 patients. In Gastro™ LMA group, 1 patient (4%) required endotracheal intubation and in nasal prong group, 2 patients (8%) required endotracheal intubation. No postoperative complication was noted in any of the two groups.

Conclusion:

LMA Gastro™ airway is auser friendly device for the gastro physician and anaesthesiologists. It isa useful airway management tool for clinical use in day care GIendoscopic procedures.
Abstract No. : ABS1297: Evaluation of High flow humidified nasal oxygenation as a technique for preoxygenation in full term pregnant women
Authors: Gajendiran Ajeetha priya
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Obstetric airway guidelines recommend preoxygenation before the induction of general anaesthesia to achieve an end tidal oxygen concentration of > 90% .We evaluated the use of high flow humidified nasal oxygenation (HFNO) as a technique for preoxygenation in full term pregnant women.

Methods:

A cross sectional observational study was conducted in 100 term pregnant women. They underwent preoxygenation using HFNO for 4 minutes (30l/min for 30 seconds 50l/min for 210 secs) and end tidal oxygen concentration was measured at the end of preoxygenation. The primary outcome was the percentage of women who achieved an expired oxygen concentration of >90% for the first expired breath. The secondary outcome was the acceptability and comfort for the HFNO as compared to facemask preoxygenation using 4-point Likert scale. A cross sectional observational study was conducted in 100 term pregnant women. They underwent preoxygenation using HFNO.

Results:

The percentage of women who achieved expired oxygen concentration of >90% after 4 minutes of HFNO preoxygenation was 32% [ 95% confidence interval (CI):22.7-41.3%] with the mean end tidal oxygen(SD) being 86.67(3.4). 71% [mean (SD): 2.94(0.92)] found nasal cannula and 56% [mean (SD): 2.67(1.21)] found facemask comfortable and acceptable for preoxygenation (P value, 0.05).

Conclusion:

HFNO is a comfortable technique, but when used for 4minutes preoxygenation, it does not achieve an acceptable level (ETO2 >90% in 95% of individuals). Therefore, it is an inadequate technique for preoxygenation in term pregnant women.

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Abstract No.: ABS1330: A prospective observational study on ultra-sound of the diaphragm in weaning mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: RK Nivedita
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Weaning mechanically ventilated patients is a challenging task in the intensive care unit. Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is a known weaning index to guide extubation. The aim of our study was to determine the use of diaphragm ultra-sound in weaning these patients.

Methods:

After obtaining ethics committee approval and Clinical Trials Registry India registration, this prospective study was performed on 200 patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. After meeting clinical weaning criteria, spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) was performed for 1 hour to assess weaning and then trachea was extubated. Independent observers recorded RSBI and performed bedside ultra-sound of the diaphragm before extubation to measure diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and diaphragmatic excursion (DE). We assessed the predictability of weaning success with DTF and DE. Weaning failure was defined as the requirement of non-invasive ventilation or re-intubation within 48 h.

Results:

One hundred and seventy one patients out of 200 were successfully weaned. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values for RSBI, DTF, and DE for successful weaning prediction were 0.422, 0.654, and 0.809, respectively. The predictability using cut-off values were RSBI <82 (sensitivity 94%, specificity 31%, Youden’s index 0.25), DTF >37% (sensitivity 80%, specificity 52%, Youden’s index 0.31), and DE >1.21 cm (sensitivity 94%, specificity 71%, Youden’s index 0.65). The AUROC values for the combination of RSBI–DTF and RSBI–DE were 0.656 and 0.807, respectively.

Conclusion:

Diaphragm ultra-sound helps in determining weaning readiness in mechanically ventilated patients. Both DTF and DE showed a higher specificity than RSBI, and the combination of RSBI–DE and RSBI–DTF further increased the specificity in successful weaning.

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Abstract No.: ABS1363: A comparative evaluation of gastric residual volume using ultrasound in fasting diabetic and non-diabetic adults undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia.
Authors: Rajeswari L
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Diabetic patients despite standard preoperative fasting may be at an increased risk of aspiration due to gastroparesis. This study aimed to evaluate the gastric residual volume using ultrasound in fasting diabetic and non-diabetic adults undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methods:

This study was conducted in 30 non-diabetic and 30 diabetics, aged 40 to 80 years, of either gender, BMI <35kg/m2, belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III. Pregnant patients, those with history of upper gastrointestinal morbidity or upper abdominal surgery and patients with liver and kidney disease were excluded. Preoperatively, using gastric sonography, antrum was assessed in semi-setting and right lateral decubitus positions. The type of gastric contents (empty, fluid, solid) was noted, and gastric residual volume (GRV) was estimated by measuring antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and using mathematical models. After induction of anaesthesia, orogastric tube was inserted and gastric contents aspirated.

Results:

Diabetic patients had significantly higher mean antral CSA and calculated mean GRV in both right lateral and semi-sitting position (p <0.0001). Gastric antrum appeared empty in significantly greater number of non-diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients in both right lateral (p <0.0001) and semi-sitting positions (p =0.0002). A higher mean volume of gastric aspirate was also found in the diabetics as compared to the non-diabetics (p <0.0001).

Conclusion:

The current fasting guidelines for elective surgery are not conclusive in patients with long-standing diabetes. Hence, we recommend the use of point-of-care ultrasound as an effective screening tool to assess the aspiration risk and to tailor anaesthetic management.

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Abstract No.: ABS1737: Relationship of Lung Ultra-sound Score with oxygenation and pulmonary mechanics in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Yadav Ayushi
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Lung ultra-sonography is a technique to recognise impaired alveolar air content and increased interstitial and alveolar fluid. The ultra-sound waves reflect lung aeration beyond parietal pleura, indicating underlying lung pathology. This study ascertains the relationship of Lung Ultra-sound Score (LUSS) with oxygenation and dynamic compliance.

Methods:

One hundred and one lung ultra-sounds were performed in 50 patients aged 18–60 years, requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit for at least 24 hours to study the relationship between LUSS and PaO2/FiO2 and pulmonary mechanics. The twelve-region method was used; the number of B lines was counted in each inter-costal space, and the score was awarded. At the same time, ventilator parameters and arterial blood gases were noted. The correlation between variables was evaluated using the Spearman coefficient.

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Results:

LUSS showed a negative correlation with PaO2/FiO2 ratio (R2 = 0.607, p < 0.0001) and lung compliance (R2 = 0.354, p < 0.0001) but a positive linear correlation with lung resistance (R2 = 0.406, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

LUSS is an easy and effective bedside tool to measure lung parameters in mechanically ventilated patients, and LUSS correlates significantly with oxygenation, lung compliance, and resistance.
Abstract No.: ABS1770: Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in infants undergoing elective surgery in prone position:peritubal leak at standardised ventilator settings
Authors: Singh Priyanka
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

The purpose of this study was to compare peritubal leak in cuffed and uncuffed tubes in infants at standardised ventilatorsettings. Secondary objective was to see incidence of accidental extubation and postoperative respiratory complications such as stridor and sore throat.

Methods:

With ethics committee approval, a prospective,randomised,clinical study was conducted. Patients aged between birth to 1 year, American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA grade I,II and III, requiring general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation in prone position during elective surgery were included and children with parents not giving consent,children with airway anomaly, laparoscopic surgery, and emergency surgery were excluded. Tracheal tube size was judged as adequate if the leak pressure was 20 cm H2O or less. Tube was exchanged to next larger size if the leak pressure was too high and tube size was exchanged to next smaller size, when cuff pressure exceeded 20 cm H2O.

Results:

60 infants were studied.In group 1 in which cuffed tube was used, there were no leaks,on the other hand, in group 2,17 out of 30 patients had peritubal leak and tube was exchanged to next larger size uncuffed tube, p value was <0.001. Moreover, the incidenceof accidental extubation, post extubation sore throat and stridor was more in uncuffed group, It was 2/6/6 in uncuffed group and 0/3/4 in cuffed group respectively. Tracheal tube exchange rate was also higher in uncuffed group.

Conclusion:

We found that in microcuff paediatric endotracheal tube, there is less peritubal leak; selection of cuffed tube with small internal diameter compared to uncuffed tubes implicates a higher chance for adequate fit of the tube at cricoid ring and due to this there is least chance of accidental extubation in the prone position.

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