bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O profissional bibliotecário e o domínio da língua inglesa
Authors: Duarte Elizabeth Andrade , Braga Rogério Manoel de Oliveira
Published: October 2010

Apresenta uma pesquisa realizada no Brasil, cujo objetivo foi relatar a importância do domínio da língua inglesa pelos profissionais bibliotecários no mercado de trabalho atual. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma análise da atual conjuntura econômica e mercadológica, cujas características principais são as novas exigências interpostas pelo mercado de trabalho oriundas do advento das novas tecnologias e pela necessidade do uso do inglês como idioma preponderante no mundo globalizado. Foi feito um levantamento de dados sobre o perfil do profissional bibliotecário, a legislação que regulamenta esta profissão, suas atribuições, o mercado de trabalho deste profissional e uma pesquisa em cinco grandes e principais classificados virtuais - sites brasileiros de divulgação de vagas nas diversas categorias profissionais. Os sites pesquisados foram: “Catho.com.br”, “Empregos.com.br”, “Vagas.com.br”, “Manager.com.br” e o “InfoJobs.com.br”. O período de análise foi o do mês de janeiro a abril de 2009 e foram encontradas e analisadas um número total de 13 vagas (de acordo com os requisitos da metodologia). Os resultados encontrados respondem a tese de que o domínio/conhecimento da língua inglesa é uma forte vantagem para o profissional bibliotecário na obtenção de melhores qualificações, sobretudo salariais, em termos do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, sobretudo na região sudeste do país.
Aprendizagem profissional: a docência na biblioteconomia
Authors: Diniz Edileuda Soares , Carvalho Ademar de Lima
Published: October 2010

Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, cuja finalidade esteve voltada para conhecer a trajetória da aprendizagem profissional da docência dos professores substitutos do Curso de Biblioteconomia da UFMT/Campus de Rondonópolis dos anos de 2005 a 2007.  Buscou-se especificamente examinar como esses docentes substitutos apreendem sua prática pedagógica. A metodologia que mais se adequou ao propósito do estudo foi a investigação qualitativa em educação, tendo-se o diário como técnica escolhida, por ser o instrumento apropriado a esse tipo de pesquisa, de modo a possibilitar a coleta de dados por meio da produção reflexiva do total dos cinco participantes da pesquisa. Constatou-se, ao final, a necessidade de um preparo adequado para exercer a profissão de professor no ensino superior.
O contexto profissional do indexador no ensino de indexação
Authors: Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes
Published: October 2010

Propõe-se a investigação de metodologias de ensino com abordagem sociocognitiva para apresentação de estratégias de ensino que simulem a vivência de contextos profissionais propícias à elaboração das tarefas de análise de assunto para indexação de documentos. Na perspectiva do contato de indexadores aprendizes com um contexto profissional real, foram aplicadas as propostas do Portfolio de Fourie (2002) e o princípio de contextualização social da ciência da informação de Hjørland (2002) junto à disciplina “Indexação” do Curso de Biblioteconomia da UNESP de Marília. Os resultados obtidos desta pesquisa sobre investigação de estratégias de ensino em leitura documentária demonstram que os conhecimentos teóricos e metodológicos, em perspectiva sociocognitiva, proporcionam a visão de um contexto profissional no qual o indexador aprendiz tem consciência de suas estratégias de leitura documentária e conseguem desenvolver seu conhecimento prévio profissional de modo a realizar a tarefa de indexação compatível com a demanda informacional de usuários.
A comprehensive set of benchmark tests for a land surface model of simultaneous fluxes of water and carbon at both the global and seasonal scale
Authors: Blyth E. , Clark D. B. , Ellis R. , Huntingford C. , Los S. , Pryor M. , Best M. , Sitch S.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. This paper describes a set of benchmark tests that is designed to quantify the performance of the land surface model that is used in the UK Hadley Centre General Circulation Model (JULES: Joint UK Land Environment Simulator). The tests are designed to assess the ability of the model to reproduce the observed fluxes of water and carbon at the global and regional spatial scale, and on a seasonal basis. Five datasets are used to test the model: water and carbon dioxide fluxes from ten FLUXNET sites covering the major global biomes, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at four representative stations from the global network, river flow from seven catchments, the seasonal mean NDVI over the seven catchments and the potential land cover of the globe (after the estimated anthropogenic changes have been removed). The model is run in various configurations and results are compared with the data. The results show that combined use of observations of carbon and water fluxes is essential in order to understand the causes of model errors. The benchmarking approach is suitable for application to other global models.
Stability of the strahl electron distribution function and its dynamics
Authors: Shevchenko V. I. , Galinsky V. L.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. It is shown that core-strahl electron system in the solar wind plasma is unstable with respect to excitation of the lower hybrid waves at anomalous Doppler resonance due to anisotropy of the strahl electron velocity distribution. Dynamics of the strahl electron distribution due to interaction with excited waves is studied.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 2‐Fluoroalk‐3‐yn‐1‐ones: Synthesis of 2,5‐Substituted 3‐Fluorofurans
Authors: Li Yan , Wheeler Kraig A. , Dembinski Roman
Published: October 2010

Fluorination of 1,4‐disubstituted tert‐butyldimethylsilyl but‐1‐en‐3‐yn‐1‐yl ethers with Selectfluor gives 2‐mono‐fluorobut‐3‐yn‐1‐ones. Subsequent 5‐endo‐dig cyclization in the presence of chlorotriphenylphosphine gold(I)/silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (both 5 mol%, dichloromethane) under ambient conditions, provides a facile method for the generation of mainly 2,5‐diaryl‐substituted 3‐fluorofurans in high yields (89–96%). The structure of 2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐3‐fluoro‐5‐(4‐methylphenyl)furan was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography.
Morpholinosulfur Trifluoride (Morph‐DAST)‐Mediated Rearrangement in the Fluorination of Cyclic α,α‐Dialkoxy Ketones toward 1,2‐Dialkoxy‐1,2‐difluorinated Compounds
Authors: Surmont Riccardo , Verniest Guido , De Groot Alex , Thuring Jan Willem , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: October 2010

The deoxofluorination of cyclic α,α‐dialkoxy ketones with morpholinosulfur trifluoride (Morph‐DAST) resulted in 1,2‐dialkoxy‐1,2‐difluorinated carbo‐ and heterocyclic compounds. The reaction proceeds via a 1,2‐alkoxy migration leading to mixtures of cis‐ and trans‐isomers.
Efficient Synthesis and Ring‐Opening Reactions of Monofluorinated Epoxides Derived from α‐Fluorosulfoximines
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo
Published: October 2010

Monofluorinated epoxides were successfully prepared through the O‐cyclization reaction between α‐fluorosulfoximines and ketones. The obtained fluoroepoxides were found to readily undergo an interesting ring‐opening process (involving both a CF bond cleavage and another CF bond formation) in the presence of titanium tetrafluoride or pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride) to afford α‐fluorinated ketones. The later process constitutes a formal catalytic 1,2‐fluorine shift reaction.
Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction of 4,7‐Dihydroindoles with Trifluoromethyl Ketones
Authors: Wang Teng , Zhang Guang‐Wu , Teng Yuou , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An
Published: October 2010

In the presence of chiral phosphoric acid, an enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction of 4,7‐dihydroindoles with aromatic trifluoromethyl ketones and ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoroacetoacetate has been realized. A series of 2‐substituted 4,7‐dihydroindoles with a trifluoromethylated tertiary alcohol moiety were obtained in 45–95% yields with 60–93% ee. Furthermore, 2‐functionalized indole derivatives could be produced through a one‐pot process.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Fluoro Acetals and α‐Fluoro Ketones from Alkynes
Authors: de Haro Teresa , Nevado Cristina
Published: October 2010

A new method to synthesize α‐fluoro acetals and α‐fluoro ketones is presented here. In the presence of alcohols and Selectfluor, catalytic amounts of gold selectively transformed alkynes into the corresponding fluorinated acetals or ketones depending on the reaction conditions. This protocol has been applied to both terminal and internal alkynes showing a high degree of chemo‐ and regioselectivity. The reaction mechanism seems to proceed via two co‐existing pathways, since at least partially, the formation of the C(sp3)F bond in the final products occurs at the metal center.
Highly Enantioselective Amination Reactions of Fluorinated Keto Esters Catalyzed by Novel Chiral Guanidines Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhong Fangrui , Lu Yixin
Published: October 2010

Novel Cinchona alkaloid‐derived guanidines catalyze stereoselective aminations of fluorinated keto esters, affording products with fluorine‐containing quaternary stereogenic centers in excellent yields and with moderate to high enantioselectivities.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Lectard Sylvain , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: October 2010

Since the incorporation of fluorine into biologically active compounds often enhances the properties of the parent compounds, there is a considerable demand for efficient enantioselective fluorination reactions. Over the past decade, a range of metal‐catalyzed and organocatalyzed fluorination reactions has been developed. Nowadays, fluorine can be catalytically introduced into many compounds in good yield and with high enantioselectivity, and the scope of these reactions is broad. Herein, we review recent progress in the field of catalytic enantioselective fluorination reactions, including their scope and mechanism.
Update of cancer and non‐cancer mortality in the Missouri poultry cohort
Authors: Johnson Eric S. , Zhou Yi , Yau C. Lillian , Sarda Vishnu , Preacely Nykiconia , Bankuru Satish , Bangara Saritha , Felini Martha , Ndetan Harrison
Published: October 2010

Background

Workers in poultry slaughtering and processing plants have one of the highest human exposures to transmissible agents that cause cancer and other diseases in chickens and turkeys, and also have other occupational carcinogenic exposures. The general population is also exposed to these transmissible agents.

Methods

We investigated mortality in workers who belong to a poultry union in Missouri, and estimated standardized mortality ratios.

Results

Significantly increased mortality was observed for some leukemias, benign neoplasms, thyroid diseases, bacterial infections, and schizophrenic disorders. The risk of breast cancer and several non‐cancer conditions was significantly depressed.

Conclusion

The findings add to the growing evidence suggesting that workers occupationally exposed to transmissible agents and carcinogens in the poultry industry, are at increased risk of dying from certain chronic diseases, including cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:49–54, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and the GNAS p.R231H mutation: Somatic mosaicism in a mother with two affected sons
Authors: Ngai Ying Fai , Chijiwa Chieko , Mercimek‐Mahmutoglu Saadet , Stewart Laura , Yong Siu‐Li , Robinson Wendy P. , Gibson William T.
Published: October 2010

Pseudohypoparathyrodism (PHP) is a disorder caused by mutations in the guanine nucleotide‐binding α‐subunit (GNAS). We sought to determine the genetic origin of PHP1a in one affected family. We identified the previously reported Gsα R231H mutation in family members affected with PHP1a. DNA analysis found that the two clinically affected sons are heterozygous for the mutation. The sons have PHP1a, manifesting obesity, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and elevated PTH levels. Initial DNA sequencing did not detect the mutation in either parent. However, their mother displayed some features of PHP, including elevated PTH levels and asymmetrical metacarpal shortening. Using molecular cloning, we detected the mutation at low levels in the mother's leukocyte DNA, consistent with somatic mosaicism and her mildly affected status. Thus, we have identified additional cases of PHP1a caused by the Gsα R231H mutation. In this family, the mother has a milder phenotype due in part to somatic mosaicism, whereas the two affected sons have full PHP1a. Though somatic mosaicism for activating GNAS mutations is known to occur in McCune–Albright syndrome, this is the first report confirming somatic mosaicism for a hypofunctioning GNAS mutation in a PHP kindred. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial hydrocephalus with normal cognition and distinctive radiological features
Authors: Basel‐Vanagaite Lina , Raas‐Rotchild Annick , Kornreich Liora , Har‐Zahav Adi , Yeshaya Josefa , Latarowski Victoria , Lerer Israela , Dobyns William B. , Shohat Mordechai
Published: October 2010

Hydrocephalus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition. Individuals with posterior fossa abnormalities have an increased risk of developing hydrocephalus. The Dandy–Walker malformation, Dandy–Walker variant, and mega‐cisterna magna (MCM) seem to represent a continuum of developmental anomalies of the posterior fossa. Here we describe the natural clinical history and the radiological features of a family with autosomal or X‐linked dominant inheritance of MCM and hydrocephalus of variable severity. The affected family members demonstrate similar structural brain abnormalities including midline cyst, colpocephaly, MCM with a large posterior fossa and minimal vermian hypoplasia. The cognitive development of the affected individuals is normal. L1CAM and FOXC1 gene involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease in this family was excluded. The rare possibility of autosomal dominant or X‐linked dominant inheritance and variable penetrance and expressivity must always be considered in genetic counseling of families with hereditary hydrocephalus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic and molecular evaluation and 20‐year follow‐up of a patient with ring chromosome 14
Authors: Guilherme Roberta Santos , de Freitas Ayres Meloni Vera , Sodré Claudete Palmer , Christofolini Denise Maria , Pellegrino Renata , de Mello Claudia Berlim , Conlin Laura Kathleen , Hutchinson Anne Lawlor , Spinner Nancy Bettina , Brunoni Decio , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici , Melaragno Maria Isabel
Published: October 2010

We present a 20‐year follow‐up on a patient with a ring chromosome 14. The ring chromosome was studied by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex‐ligation probe amplification (MLPA), and genome wide SNP array, and no deletions of chromosome 14 were detected, although the telomeric repeat sequence was absent from the ring chromosome. The patient had skeletal abnormalities, and susceptibility to infections, as well as seizures and retinal pigmentation, which are commonly found in individuals with a ring 14. Our patient corroborates the idea that even when no genes are lost during ring formation, a complete ring chromosome can produce phenotypic alterations, which presumably result from ring instability or gene silencing due to the new chromosomal architecture. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The conundrum of a jumping translocation (JT) in CVS from twins and review of JTs
Authors: Reddy Kavita S.
Published: October 2010

Jumping translocations (JTs) are rare constitutional or acquired rearrangements involving a donor and several receiver chromosomes. They may be inherited or de novo. JTs can be found as a cultural artifact, in normal individuals or in pathological conditions. The clinical consequences range from spontaneous abortion, loss of fetus, chromosome syndrome, congenital abnormalities, and infertility to malignancy. Considering the breakpoints of JTs, they are localized predominantly in repeat regions such as pericentromeric, centromeric, subtelomeric, telomeric, and occasionally interstitial regions that may be in a low copy repeats (LCR) or in a telomere like sequence. Differences between the constitutional and acquired JTs donor breakpoints suggest an independent mechanism in their formation. In this review, a new JT involving a donor chromosome 18p10qter and recipients 17q25qter or 1q25qter found by CVS of a twin pregnancy is described. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges posed by JTs.

In this study, our knowledge on JTs is consolidated to improve identification, management, and counseling. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scaling VOI size in 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone: A test of the over‐sampling hypothesis
Authors: Lazenby Richard A. , Skinner Matthew M. , Kivell Tracy L. , Hublin Jean‐Jacques
Published: October 2010

For comparative 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone, the use of a volume of interest (VOI) scaled to body size may avoid over‐sampling the trabecular mass in smaller versus larger‐bodied taxa and comparison of regions that are not functionally homologous (Fajardo and Müller: Am J Phys Anthropol 115 (2001) 327–336), though the influence on quantitative analyses using scaled versus nonscaled VOIs remains poorly characterized. We compare trabecular architectural properties reflecting mass, organization, and orientation from three volumes of interest (large, scaled, and small) obtained from the distal first metacarpal in a sample of Homo (n = 10) and Pan (n = 12). We test the null hypotheses that neither absolute VOI size, nor scaling of the VOI to metacarpal size as a proxy for body size, biases intraspecific analyses nor impacts the detection of interspecific differences. These hypotheses were only partially supported. While certain properties (e.g., bone volume fraction or trabecular thickness) were not affected by varying VOI size within taxa, others were significantly impacted (e.g., intersection surface, connectivity, and structure). In comparing large versus scaled VOIs, we found that the large VOI inflated the number and/or magnitude of significant differences between Homo and Pan. In summary, our results support the use of scaled VOIs in studies of trabecular architecture. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Testing the usefulness of the basilar suture as a means to determine age in great ape skeletons
Authors: Poe Demelza J.
Published: October 2010

A fused/closed basilar suture is usually treated as an indication of old age in great apes. A sample, drawn from a variety of sources, of known‐aged captive great ape skeletons was analyzed to test the usefulness of using the basilar suture to categorize adult skeletons as either “adult” or “old adult”. The state of closure of the basilar suture was examined in 30 chimpanzees, 19 gorillas, and 15 orangutans, all of known age. The results show that the basilar suture demonstrates a high level of uniformity in rate of closure and is closed at an early age in virtually all known‐aged individuals. Thus, an old adult category most likely includes individuals who are, in fact, relatively young. This indicates that using the basilar suture as a means to classify individual skeletons as adult or old adult is very imprecise. The homogenous nature of basilar suture closure appears to prevent meaningful application of suture status for categorizing adult ape skeletons by age groups. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Doubly special relativity in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Mignemi S.
Published: October 2010

We discuss the generalization of Doubly Special Relativity to a curved de Sitter background. The model has three fundamental observer‐independent scales, the velocity of light c, the de Sitter radius α, and the Planck energy κ, and can be realized through a nonlinear action of the de Sitter group on a noncommutative position space. We consider different choices of coordinates on the de Sitter hyperboloid that, although equivalent, may be more suitable for treating different problems. Also the momentum space can be described as a hyperboloid embedded in a five‐dimensional space, but in this case different choices of coordinates lead to inequivalent models. We investigate the kinematics and the Hamiltonian dynamics of some specific models and describe some of their phenomenological consequences. Finally, we show that it is possible to construct a model exhibiting a duality for the interchange of positions and momenta together with the interchange of α and κ.
Highly Efficient and Directional Homo‐ and Heterodimeric Energy Transfer Materials Based on Fluorescently Derivatized α,γ‐Cyclic Octapeptides
Authors: Brea Roberto J. , Pérez‐Alvite María Jesús , Panciera Michele , Mosquera Manuel , Castedo Luis , Granja Juan R.
Published: October 2010

Cyclic octapeptides composed of α‐amino acids alternated with cis‐3‐aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acids, self‐assemble as drumlike dimers through β‐sheet‐like, backbone‐to‐backbone hydrogen bonding. Heterodimerization appears to be significantly more favored than homodimerization, and this represents a novel approach for the design and fabrication of highly stable heterodimeric assemblies. A multicomponent equilibrium network based on fluorescently derivatized self‐assembling α,γ‐cyclic octapeptides has been successfully used to form light‐harvesting/light‐converting ensembles with a distinctive organization of donor and acceptor units able to act as efficient artificial photosystems.
A colorectal perspective on voluntary submission of outcome data to clinical registries
Authors: Almoudaris A M , Burns E M , Bottle A , Aylin P , Darzi A , Faiz O
Published: October 2010

Background

The aim of the study was to identify outcome differences amongst patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer at English National Health Service trusts using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). A comparison was undertaken of trusts that submitted and those that did not submit, or submitted only poorly, voluntarily to a colorectal clinical registry, the National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme (NBOCAP).

Methods

The NBOCAP data set was used to classify trusts according to submitter status. HES data were used for outcome analysis. Data for major resections of colorectal cancer performed between 1 August 2007 and 31 July 2008 were obtained from HES. Trusts not submitting data to NBOCAP and those submitting less than 10 per cent of their total workload were termed ‘non-submitters’. HES data for 30-day mortality, length of stay and readmission rates were compared according to submitter and non-submitter status in multifactorial analyses.

Results

A total of 17 722 patients were identified from HES for inclusion. Unadjusted 30-day in-hospital mortality rates were higher in non-submitting than in submitting trusts (5·2 versus 4·0 per cent; P = 0·005). Submitter status was independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality (odds ratio 0·76, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·61 to 0·96; P = 0·021) in regression analysis.

Conclusion

A higher postoperative mortality rate following resection of colorectal cancer was found in trusts that do not voluntarily report data to NBOCAP. Implications regarding the voluntary nature of submission to such registries should be reviewed if they are to be used for outcome benchmarking.
Amyloid Assemblies: Protein Legos at a Crossroads in Bottom‐Up Synthetic Biology
Authors: Giraldo Rafael
Published: October 2010

One of the major objectives that bottom‐up synthetic biology shares with chemical biology is to engineer extant biological molecules to implement novel functionalities in living systems. Proteins, due to their astonishing structural and functional versatility and to their central roles in the biology of cells, should be cornerstones of synthetic biology. In particular, protein amyloid cross‐β assemblies constitute one of the most stable, conceptually simple and universal macromolecular architectures ever found in Nature and thus have enormous potential to be explored. This article focuses on the concepts behind the use of the amyloid cross‐β‐structural framework as a synthetic biology part, underlining recent basic findings and ideas. The pros and the cons associated with the polymorphism and the cellular toxicity of protein amyloids are also discussed, keeping in mind the possible suitability of these protein assemblies for scaffolding novel orthogonal macromolecular devices in vivo.
Interaction of CO Dehydrogenase with the Cytoplasmic Membrane Monitored by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Spreitler Florian , Brock Christian , Pelzmann Astrid , Meyer Ortwin , Köhler Jürgen
Published: October 2010

We have investigated the interaction of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of CO in the aerobic eubacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans, with the cytoplasmic membrane by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Our results reveal that in vitro this interaction of CODH is specific for cytoplasmic membranes from CO‐grown bacteria.
An Atomic‐Scale View of Palladium Alloys and their Ability to Dissociate Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Baber Ashleigh E. , Tierney Heather L. , Lawton Timothy J. , Sykes E. Charles H.
Published: October 2010

Palladium and its alloys play a central role in a wide variety of industrially important applications such as hydrogen reactions, separations, storage devices, and fuel‐cell components. Alloy compositions are complex and often heterogeneous at the atomic‐scale and the exact mechanisms by which many of these processes operate have yet to be discovered. Herein, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate the atomic‐scale structure of Pd–Au and Pd–Cu bimetallics created by depositing Pd on both Au(111) and Cu(111) single crystals at a variety of surface temperatures. We demonstrated that individual, isolated Pd atoms in an inert Cu matrix are active for the dissociation of hydrogen and subsequent spillover onto Cu sites. Our results indicated that H spillover was facile on Pd–Cu at 420 K but that no H was found under the same H2 flux on a Pd–Au sample with identical atomic composition and geometry. In the case of Au, significant H uptake was only observed when larger ensembles of Pd were present in the form of nanoparticles. We report experimental evidence for hydrogen’s ability to reverse the tendency of Pd to segregate into the Au surface at catalytically relevant temperatures and our STM images reveal a novel H‐induced striped structure in which Pd atoms aggregated on top of the surface in regularly spaced rows. These results demonstrate the powerful influence an inert substrate has on the catalytic activity of Pd atoms supported in or on its surface and reveal how the atomic‐scale geometry of Pd–Au alloys is greatly affected by the presence of hydrogen.
Zn(II) Ion Biosorption onto Surface of Eucalyptus Leaf Biomass: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Mechanistic Modeling
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Agarwal Vijay Kumar
Published: October 2010

Bioremediation of Zn(II) by biosorption across aqueous phase on to surface of eucalyptus leaf powder has been investigated in present research work. The adsorptive potential of eucalyptus leaf powder was evaluated as function of pH, temperature, contact time, agitation rate and particle size. Maximum metal ion uptake and percentage removal capacity of eucalyptus leaf powder were 23.5 mg g−1 and 94%, respectively, at optimized pH 5, 20 ± 1°C, contact time 6 h, particle size 0.5 mm and agitation rate 200 rpm. The biomass surface analysis revealed the fact that the biomass surface was heterogeneous and porous in nature. The functional groups like amine, amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and methyl groups, significantly important for metal ion binding were present on biomass surface in tremendous amount. Additionally, the Fourier transformation IR spectrum analysis of acid and base activated eucalyptus leaf biomass ruled out all the possibilities of the presence of surface functional groups mentioned above. The reaction rate was studied by applying two rate limiting models pseudo first and pseudo second order. Pseudo second order model was found to be more suitable (R2 = 0.998) in comparison to pseudo first order (R2 = 0.724). Adsorption equilibrium of batch stirred reaction data fitting shows the dominance of Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99) against Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.887) model with equipartitional involvement of both film and intra particle diffusion as rate limiting steps at differential status of contact time.
Separation of Vanillin and Syringaldehyde from Oxygen Delignification Spent Liquor by Macroporous Resin Adsorption
Authors: Wang Zhaojiang , Chen Kefu , Li Jun , Wang Qianqian , Guo Jie
Published: October 2010

This paper reports on an approach for separating vanillin and syringaldehyde (VSA) from oxygen delignification spent liquor using non‐polar macroporous resin. The effects of temperature and pH on the adsorption isotherms were studied. The adsorption capacity and adsorption equilibrium constant were obtained using the Langmuir adsorption model at pH<4.5, where the ionization of the VSA to ionic forms was negligible. The standard enthalpy change was calculated using the van't Hoff equation and clearly showed that the adsorption is an exothermic process. The effect of pH on the adsorption isotherm is well‐described by a modified Langmuir model and shows that the adsorption equilibrium constant decreases significantly with the increasing pH. The VSA adsorbed on macroporous resin was eluted by ethyl ether. The separated VSA contained 37.51% vanillin, 31.88% syringaldehyde. The recoveries of VSA were 96.2 and 94.7%, respectively.
Characterization of C‐Alkyl Amidines as Bioavailable Covalent Reversible Inhibitors of Human DDAH‐1
Authors: Lluis Matthew , Wang Yun , Monzingo Arthur F. , Fast Walter , Robertus Jon D.
Published: October 2010

C‐Alkyl amidine analogues of asymmetric Nω,Nω‐dimethyl‐L‐arginine are dual‐targeted inhibitors of both human DDAH‐1 and nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and provide a promising scaffold for the development of therapeutics to control NO overproduction in a variety of pathologies including septic shock and some cancers. Using a two‐part click‐chemistry‐mediated activity probe, a homologated series of C‐alkyl amidines were ranked for their ability to inhibit DDAH‐1 within cultured HEK 293T cells. N5‐(1‐Iminopentyl)‐L‐ornithine was determined to be the most potent compound in vitro (Kd=7 μM) as well as in cultured cells, and the binding conformation and covalent reversible mode of inhibition was investigated by comparison of interactions made with DDAH‐1 and a catalytically inactive C274S variant, as gauged by X‐ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry. By interrupting the ability of the inhibitor to form a covalent bond, the contribution of this interaction could be estimated. These results suggest that further stabilization of the covalent adduct is a promising strategy for lead optimization in the design of effective reagents to block NO synthesis.
HO2 Formation from the Photoexcitation of Benzene/O2 Mixtures at 248 nm: An Energy Dependence Study
Authors: Jain Chaithanya , Parker Alexander E. , Schoemaecker Coralie , Fittschen Christa
Published: October 2010

The energy dependence of HO2 radical formation from the irradiation of benzene (C6H6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) at 248 nm is studied. We investigate the origin of the HO2 radicals, that is, whether they originate from the reaction of O2 with products obtained by one‐ or two‐photon excitation of C6H6. The concentration–time profiles of HO2 radicals are monitored by continuous‐wave cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (cw‐CRDS) coupled to a laser photolysis reactor. HO2 radicals are detected in the first vibrational overtone of the OH stretch at 6638.20 cm−1, using a distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser. Two well‐distinguished HO2 radical‐formation phases are observed: a fast initial formation of HO2 radicals followed by a slower secondary formation. While the concentration of the initially formed HO2 species increases linearly with the excitation energy, the concentration of the secondary slow HO2 radicals appears to vary in accordance with a two‐photon process.
Self‐Assembly of a Low‐Symmetry Monodendron Containing Two Asymmetrically Linked Molecular Wedges
Authors: Lejnieks Jānis , Zhu Xiaomin , Wang Jingbo , Mourran Ahmed , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin , Anokhin Denis V. , Ivanov Dimitri A.
Published: October 2010

Herein, we describe the synthesis of a low‐symmetry monodendron, 3,4‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐5‐[3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)benzyloxy]benzoic acid, following a simple route which starts from gallic acid ethyl ester and does not require any protecting groups. The self‐assembled structures formed by the compound in 3D and 2D were investigated by synchrotron X‐ray scattering and scanning force microscopy (SFM). In 3D, the compound forms a stable crystalline phase with an orthorhombic lattice in which the alkyl chains connected to different benzene rings form crystalline and amorphous domains. Upon cooling from the isotropic melt the compound exhibits a monotropic smectic mesophase. In 100‐nm‐thick films on a neutral substrate the structure loses its biaxiality, adopting a hexagonal columnar structure with the columns oriented parallel to the substrate. By contrast, in ultrathin films on graphite the SFM likely reveals two crystal orientations, which can develop due to the epitaxial adsorption on the substrate of the alkyl chains pertinent to different benzene rings.
Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Colman Robert W. , Budzynski Andrei Z.
Published: October 2010

The sections in this article are:

Congenital Deficiencies in Initiation of Blood Coagulation

FactorXII

Plasma Prekallikrein

Plasma Kininogens

Interaction of Contact‐System Proteins

FactorXI

FactorIX

FactorVIII

Relationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Blood Coagulation

Factor X

FactorVII

Thromboplastin

Regulation of Prothrombin Activation

Prothrombin

Factor V

Coagulant Phospholipid Surfaces

Calcium Ions

Thrombin Formation

Thrombin Specificity

Regulation of Thrombin Activity

Heparin and AntithrombinIII

Interaction of Thrombin With Fibrin

Nonmammalian Inhibitors of Thrombin

Thrombinlike Enzymes in Snake Venoms

Electron Microscopy of Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen Structure

Model of Fibrinogen Molecule

Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin Clot

Polymerization Sites

Cross‐Linking of Fibrin

Interaction of Fibrinogen with Plasma Proteins

Interaction of Fibrinogen with Cells

Degradation by Proteases other than Plasmin

Degradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin by Plasmin

Role of Fibrin in Clot Formation and Lysis

Plasminogen and Plasmin

Plasminogen Activators

Inhibitors of Plasminogen and Plasmin

Physiological Fibrinolysis
Enhanced Ionic Conductivity in Planar Sodium‐β”‐Alumina Electrolyte for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: La Rosa Daniela , Monforte Giuseppe , D'Urso Claudia , Baglio Vincenzo , Antonucci Vincenzo , Aricò Antonino S.
Published: October 2010

Solid Na‐β”‐Al2O3 electrolyte is prepared by a simple chemical route involving a pseudo‐boehmite precursor and thermal treatment. Boehmite powder is used for manufacturing the planar electrolyte with appropriate bulk density after firing at 1500 °C. The structure, morphology, and surface properties of precursor powders and sintered electrolytes are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As shown by XRD and TEM analyses, nanometer‐sized particles are obtained for the boehmite precursor and a pure crystallographic phase is achieved for the sintered electrolyte. SEM analysis of the cross‐section indicates good sintering characteristics. XPS shows a higher Na/Al atomic ratio on the surface for the planar electrolyte compared to a commercial tubular electrolyte (0.57 vs. 0.46). Energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) shows an Na/Al ratio in the bulk of 0.16, similar in the two samples. The ionic conductivity of the planar electrolyte is larger than that measured on a commercial tube of sodium‐β”‐alumina in a wide temperature range. At 350 °C, conductivity values of 0.5 S cm−1 and 0.26 S cm−1 are obtained for the planar electrolyte and the commercial tube, respectively. AC‐impedance spectra show smaller grain boundary effects in the planar electrolyte than in the tubular electrolyte. These favorable properties may increase the perspectives for applying planar Na‐β”‐Al2O3 electrolytes in high‐temperature batteries.
Coexistent non‐Hodgkins lymphoma and ductal carcinoma breast: Diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Siddiqui Farhan Asif , Maheshwari Veena , Alam Kiran , Jain Anshu
Published: October 2010

Synchronous occurrance of multiple neoplastic processes is not very common, and the relationship between breast cancer with lymphoproliferative diseases is unusual as well. Furthermore, breast involvement by non‐Hodgkins lymphoma is a rare event and primary breast non‐Hodgkins lymphoma is even rarer. The authors take this opportunity to report a case of primary B‐cell non‐Hodgkins lymphoma breast occurring in association with invasive ductal carcinoma in a 47‐year‐old female for its rare synchronous association. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confiscated black market products and nutritional supplements with non‐approved ingredients analyzed in the cologne doping control laboratory 2009
Authors: Kohler Maxie , Thomas Andreas , Geyer Hans , Petrou Michael , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: October 2010

Doping control laboratories are frequently confronted with new substances that may be misused by athletes. Besides new pharmaceuticals, where method development for their detection is dependant on the availability of the substance and corresponding administration studies, some professional and amateur athletes are using illicit ‘black market’ products, which either differ from known pharmaceuticals but cause similar effects or still are undergoing clinical trials and are therefore rarely available to doping control laboratories. In the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory, different confiscated products and legally obtained nutritional supplements were analyzed in 2009, and various findings were reported including GH‐labelled injection vials without any pharmacologically active content; combinations of products indicating the attempt to mask growth hormone abuse; unpurified long‐R3‐IGF‐1; nutritional supplements containing the growth hormone releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2); and ampoules containing the selective androgen receptor modulator Andarine (S‐4). This review provides an overview on the substances that were analyzed in 2009. Ingredients relevant for doping control were identified by means of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. The awareness of new products on the black market and in nutritional supplements is of utmost importance for laboratories to develop detection methods accordingly and screen for new substances as early as possible. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional interaction between Foxd3 and Pax3 in cardiac neural crest development
Authors: Nelms Brian L. , Pfaltzgraff Elise R. , Labosky Patricia A.
Published: October 2010

The transcription factors Foxd3 and Pax3 are important early regulators of neural crest (NC) progenitor cell properties. Homozygous mutations of Pax3 or a homozygous NC‐specific deletion of Foxd3 cause marked defects in most NC derivatives, but neither loss of both Foxd3 alleles nor loss of one Pax3 allele alone greatly affects overall development of cardiac NC derivatives. In contrast, compound mutant embryos homozygous for a NC‐specific Foxd3 mutation and heterozygous for Pax3 have fully penetrant persistent truncus arteriosus, severe thymus hypoplasia, and midgestation lethality. Foxd3; Pax3 compound mutant embryos have increased cell death in the neural folds and a drastic early reduction of NC cells, with an almost complete absence of NC caudal to the first pharyngeal arch. The genetic interaction between these genes implicates gene dosage‐sensitive roles for Foxd3 and Pax3 in cardiac NC progenitors. Foxd3 and Pax3 act together to affect survival and maintenance of cardiac NC progenitors, and loss of these progenitors catastrophically affects key aspects of later cardiovascular development. genesis, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An examination of eating patterns in community women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Grilo Carlos M. , White Marney A.
Published: October 2010

Objective:

To better understand the eating patterns of persons with eating disorders.

Method:

This study investigated typical eating behavior (meal frequency and snacking) and atypical eating behavior among 311 community women with on‐line questionnaires. Participants were classified with bulimia nervosa (BN;n=39), binge eating disorder (BED;n= 69), or controls (CON;n= 203).

Results:

In terms of typical eating behaviors, the BN group ate significantly fewer meals, particularly lunches, than the other two groups. Atypical eating, such as nibbling, eating double meals and nocturnal eating, was significantly more common in the eating disorder groups. More frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI in the BED and CON groups, and more frequent meal consumption was associated with less binge eating in the BED group only.

Discussion:

Our study revealed differences in typical and atypical eating patterns, and associations with weight and eating disorder behaviors among eating disorder and control groups. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Energy saving performance of distributed heating and cooling system
Authors: Endo Naoki , Maeda Tetsuhiko , Hasegawa Yasuo
Published: October 2010

An advanced distributed heating and cooling system utilizing small‐scale high‐performance heat pumps was designed to replace the central heating and cooling system for the AIST laboratory buildings, which have a total floor area of 36,100 m2, of which 20,100 m2 is occupied by laboratories. In the old system, the total primary energy required for hot water was 44 TJ, and it was 12 TJ for chilled water in FY 2001. The new system is composed of small‐sized high‐performance heat pumps, with an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.1. After the reconstruction, the energy consumption was reduced to 37%, and with a total energy saving of 44 TJ for one year. The total CO2 emission is estimated to be 26%, a reduction of 3000 tons per year. The energy saving is caused by the high‐performance small‐scale heat pumps, the high‐performance total system design that takes laboratory into account, and the suitable operation of the system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 46–53, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20977
High‐speed and high‐precision position control using a sliding mode compensator
Authors: Tsuruta Kazuhiro , Sato Kazuya , Ushimi Nobuhiro , Fujimoto Takashi
Published: October 2010

To achieve high‐speed, high‐precision position control for semiconductor product machines and industrial robots, full‐closed feedback control is applied. Many control methods have been proposed for such a system. In general, proportional position control and proportional plus integral velocity control or integral plus proportional velocity control (P,PI/I‐P), which is a type of proportional plus integral plus differential control (PID), is applied in many industrial applications. However, in the case of changing mechanical characteristics of the control target, the parameters of P,PI/I‐PI control must also change in order to maintain good motion performance. In this paper, we propose a new P,PI/I‐P control method that includes a nonlinear compensator. The algorithm of the nonlinear compensator is based on sliding mode control with chattering compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is evaluated using a full‐closed single‐axis slider system via point‐to‐point control and contour control in the case of changing load. The experimental results indicate that the proposed control method is robust in the case of changing acceleration/deceleration of control reference, changing load, and low‐velocity contour motion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 65–71, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21011
Matching between straight‐wing nonarticulated vertical axis wind turbine and a new wind turbine generator
Authors: Siota Takasi , Isaka Tsutomu , Sano Takashi , Seki Kazuichi
Published: October 2010

In the current wind turbine generation system, there are substantial problems such as the fact that the maximum power of the wind turbine cannot be obtained in the presence of fluctuating wind speed, as well as high cost and low annual net electricity production (due to mismatch between generators and wind turbines). A new wind turbine generator optimized for the wind turbine output is presented in order to solve such problems. This wind turbine generator consists of a permanent magnet generator, a reactor, and a rectifier, and uses neither a control circuit which requires standby electricity nor a PWM converter having a switching element. By selecting the most appropriate combination of a permanent magnet generator with multiple windings and a reactor connected in series with each winding, the maximum output of the wind turbine can be obtained without using a control circuit. The new wind turbine generator was directly coupled with a straight‐wing nonarticulated vertical‐axis wind turbine (SW‐VAWT), and matching of the generator with the wind turbine was examined in field tests. The test results and review confirm that the new wind turbine generator is highly matched with the wind turbine in the presence of fluctuating wind speed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 26–35, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21036
Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring based on integer programming
Authors: Inagaki Shinkichi , Egami Tsukasa , Suzuki Tatsuya , Nakamura Hisahide , Ito Koichi
Published: October 2010

This paper presents a new nonintrusive appliance load monitoring technique based on integer programming. Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring is the problem of identifying the operating conditions of electric appliances in a house by observing only the overall load current and voltage. Since the overall load current is expressed as a superposition of the currents of the operating appliances, the monitoring problem can be formulated as an integer quadratic programming problem by expressing the operating conditions as integer variables. This problem is solvable with a sufficiently small computational burden thanks to the recent development of commercial software. The proposed method does not require relearning even when a new appliance is installed in the house. Furthermore, the proposed formulation is applicable to cases in which some appliance has multiple modes, and cases in which some appliances of the same type are operating simultaneously. The usefulness of the proposed technique is verified by experimental results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 18–25, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21040