bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three generations under one roof : a study of the influence of the presence of grandparents on language shift, identity and attitudes
Authors: Tan Jun Hao Sherman , Ng Bee Chin
Published: July 2022

La communauté chinoise de Singapour vit un changement linguistique majeur depuis quelques dizaines d'années. L'utilisation des vernaculaires chinois pour la communication intra-ethnique est en régression face à l'anglais ou au mandarin dans la plupart des domaines. Cette situation est principalement due à la politique linguistique du gouvernement ainsi qu'à la domination toujours plus forte des langues "globales". Cet article se penche sur l'influence de la structure familiale sur les pratiques, les attitudes et l'identité langagière des jeunes singapouriens vis-à-vis des chinois vernaculaires. L'étude rassemble les données de 19 entretiens individuels de jeunes vivant soit dans des familles nucélaires, soit dans des familles élargies. Les résultats montrent que les informateurs qui ont grandi dans des familles élargies sont plus enclins à parler les vernaculaires et manifestent des attitudes plus positives au sujet de leur usage. Cependant, vivre dans une famille élargie ne suffit pas à rendre compte de cette tendance. Une analyse plus fine montre que c'est la nature et la fréquence des interactions avec les grands-parents vivant dans les familles élargies qui explique le mieux les attitudes vis-à-vis des vernaculaires.
Quelle recherche in-disciplinée la complexité des langues exige-t-elle?
Authors: Eloy Jean-Michel
Published: July 2022

The development of sociolinguistics is first examined here through successive issues of Encyclopedia Universalis. We then consider "crossings" between different fields: diachronical linguistics, variation, language boundaries, glottogenesis or language building, on the basis of which we show that sociolinguistics always poses truly linguistic questions, i.e. questions about the very definition of languages. Finally, we bring to bear the case of close languages, wherein many aspects of the above questions are brought to light. All in all, this paper assumes that heterogeneity in sociolinguistics is due to its original position amongst language sciences: its opening to new problems can be based on its theoretical foundations, and makes it a sort of avant-garde means of exploration into language complexity.
L’enseignement et l’apprentissage de la conjugaison en FLE: comment réduire les difficultés engendrées par l’orthographe
Authors: Surcouf Christian
Published: July 2022

French verb morphology has always been a major challenge for learners as well as teachers of French as a foreign language. Learning difficulties arise not only from the inherent complexity of the conjugation system itself, but mostly from the traditional description found in specialized books, grammars, etc. French spelling alone tends to complexify the actual oral verb morphology by more than 60%, thus hindering efficient learning. Following Dubois (1967), Csécsy (1968), Pouradier Duteil (1997), etc., I suggest an alternative approach, exclusively based on phonetic transcription, and starting with plural forms instead of singular ones (Mayer 1969). For more than 500 verbs of the 2nd and 3rd groups, this strategy allows learners to first memorize the present tense plural form e.g. /illiz/ (ils lisent, "they read") and take the stem’s final consonant away to get the singular /illi/ (il lit, "he reads").
Préface
Authors: Roubaud Marie-Noëlle
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
fonctions communicatives des reprises propositionnelles dans un corpus de discussions à visée philosophique
Authors: Auriel Aline , Lebas-Fraczak Lidia
Published: July 2022

Our study is based on a corpus of ‘philosophical discussions' held in a school context and involving French speakers. The analysis of grammatical subject forms shows, firstly, that in pupils' speech acts the canonical nominal form (e.g. les animaux) is much rarer than the ‘reinforced' form (e.g. les animaux ils). Secondly, that the simple nominal form appears mostly in quoted utterances whereas the reinforced nominal form (as well as the pronominal one) is used in original speech acts. We relate this observation to our hypothesis that the reinforced nominal form marks the focalized status of a clause, compared to the simple nominal form which marks a non-focalized status. In the repetitions/reformulations offered by the teachers, both forms appear; the choice of one or the other is shown to be related to the functional-communicative type of the quoted utterance: ‘relaunch' (focalized) or ‘acknowledgement' (non-focalized).
Répétition et différenciation dans les reprises structurelles intégrant des relatives
Authors: Stoenica Ioana-Maria
Published: July 2022

Drawing on a corpus of 5 hours of audio-recorded French talk-in-interaction, this paper addresses the issue of the role of structural repetitions integrating relative clauses in the organization of the interaction. Previous works on repetition have mainly focused on the study of specific sequential placements where different forms of repetition occurred. This paper provides a different insight into the study of repetition, by concentrating on a specific grammatical structure, the relative clause, throughout its sequentially and temporally deployed repetitions. Using the framework of interactional linguistics, this study shows that the structural repetitions integrating relative clauses bring about assimilation of one’s speech but also and foremost a difference that unfolds temporally, once with the deployment of turns at talk and that is constructed sequentially, being influenced by the ecology of its interactional environment. This paper presents thus an empirically grounded argument about the interlocutors’ use of relative clauses as resources for all practical purposes.
Dialogue et interaction au cœur de la réflexion sur l'acquisition du langage
Authors: Salazar Orvig Anne
Published: July 2022

Interactionist (Vygostki, de Weck) and dialogic (François) approaches of language acquisition assume not only that dialogue and/or interaction play a determinant role in language acquisition, but also that forms and structures cannot be understood without referring to discursive practices. Whereas communicative experience is a central concept in most non nativist approaches, for the needs of arguing or demonstration some aspects may be more often foregrounded than others and the dialogic dimension can end up being unaddressed. After a brief presentation of usage-based approaches, this paper contrasts grammatical acquisitions under the light of cultural and social roles and their expression through activities. In the last section it proposes some hints on the way dialogue (and not simply input) is not only the context but also the vehicle for the acquisition of referring expressions, their referential value and their use.
"Allophone" : trajectoire d'une catégorie aux prises avec la notion d'expertise
Authors: Auger Nathalie
Published: July 2022

The objective of this text is to question the category "allophone", which refers since 2012, in the circulars of the Ministery of National Education in France, to the children newly arrived in France. This category reveals the tensions, continuities and breaks that exist between different discursive worlds: that of research, that of the institution (teachers' discourses and practices) and that of politics. Methodologically, this work uses an approach of discourses where the phenomena of dialogism (Bres 2005, 2017) between these different spheres are involved. However, it is extremely complex to draw (Moirand 2007) the various forms used to rework and update the category in an exhaustive manner. In the context of an organic approach (see Verdier in this volume), we will advocate the praxeological analysis of the category in order to take into account its possible configuration with regard to the different types of "organizations of the activity" of the different discursive spheres around this notion since the 1970s. This analysis will shed light on the tensions that exist between the various discourse universes and on the relation between allophony and the learner's expertise (see the text of Cummins in this volume), which are especially due to a lack of political recognition of the plurilingual category, with regard to the learner and the school context.
Estructura tributaria, impacto en el crecimiento económico del Ecuador: análisis econométrico del periodo 2010- 2019
Authors: Campos Alberca Geanella Elizabeth , Guanaquiza Leiva Paúl Santiago , Uriguen Aguirre Patricia Alexandra , Vega Jaramillo Flor Yelena
Published: July 2022

ELa estructura tributaria hace referencia a la proporción de cada una de las categorías de ingresos tributarios, sobre el total de estos ingresos. Considerando su importancia, este estudio examina el impacto de la estructura tributaria sobre el crecimiento económico en el Ecuador, mediante un análisis econométrico para el período (2010-2019. La información estadística se obtuvo de bases de datos publicadas por las distintas entidades públicas del Estado ecuatoriano. Se utilizó el programa estadístico Stata para el procesamiento de los datos, aplicando un modelo de regresión múltiple; se plantea una investigación descriptiva- correlacional. Los resultados obtenidos determinaron que las variables de la estructura tributaria que mejor explican el crecimiento económico son: el impuesto al valor agregado (11.70%), el impuesto a la salida de divisas (7.20%) y el impuesto a la renta (1.49%); los cuales mantienen una relación directa, es decir, un incremento en estos impuestos produce un aumento del crecimiento económico del país.
Una revisión del Aprendizaje profundo aplicado a la ciberseguridad
Authors: Quirumbay Yagual Daniel Ivan , Castillo Yagual Carlos , Coronel Suárez Ivan
Published: July 2022

Este estudio presenta una descripción general sobre la ciberseguridad desde la perspectiva de las redes neuronales y técnicas de aprendizaje profundo de acuerdo con las diversas necesidades actuales en ambientes de seguridad informática. Se discute la aplicabilidad de estas técnicas en diversos trabajos de ciberseguridad, como detección de intrusos, identificación de malware o botnets, phishing, predicción de ciberataques, denegación de servicio, ciberanomalías, entre otros. Para este estudio se aplicó el método analítico-sintético que sirvió para identificar soluciones óptimas en el campo de la ciberseguridad. Los resultados destacan y recomiendan algoritmos aplicables a la seguridad cibernética como base de conocimiento y facilidad para investigaciones futuras dentro del alcance de este estudio en el campo. Esta investigación sirve como punto de referencia y guía para la academia y los profesionales de las industrias de la seguridad cibernética desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje profundo
In-droplet hydrogen-deuterium exchange to examine non-canonical DNA structures
Authors: Attanayake Kushani , Sharif Daud , Li Peng , Valentine Stephen
Published: July 2022

The structures of various DNA molecules have been examined using in-droplet hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). To perform in-droplet HDX, the new ionization source, vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI) has been utilized. In the approach, two separate cVSSI emitter tips (analyte and D2O) are employed. Overall, the Hybrid 1 topologies, 24TTG and 23TAG, exhibited the least (~12) and greatest (~23) amount of deuterium incorporation, respectively. The increased reactivity of the 23TAG species is attributed to its increased structural flexibility in solution. The parallel species Nmyc and T95 2T also exhibited increased protection with each exchanging only ~15 hydrogens. This protection level is below most other G-quadruplex structures as well as DNA duplex. Correlation analyses suggest that the relative protection arises from phosphodiester backbone sites. The results are discussed with regard to the utility of in-droplet HDX for studying the structures of intractable species such as those that undergo structural transformations on short timescales.
Modern strategy of treatment of patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas: A review
Authors: Stilidi Ivan S. , Nikulin Maxim P. , Kalinin Oleksiy E. , Abgiarian Mikael G. , Vashakmadze Levan V. , Fainshtein Igor A. , Arkhiri Peter P. , Salimova Alina A.
Published: July 2022

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare tumors of non epithelial origin. There are no standards of surgical treatment, chemotherapy or radiation. In 2021 Transatlantic Australasian RPS Working Group published consensus recommendation for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of retroperitoneal sarcomas patients. The paper presents the main points of the consensus and discusses the surgical aspects of the recommendations, listing the histologic forms excluded from the retroperitoneal tumor group. The main strategy for surgical treatment is emphasized, which includes the necessity to remove retroperitoneal tumors en bloc as well as the necessity to consider the histological structure. Preoperative morphological examination of the tumor, specifying the subtype, should become a standard of examination of patients. The role of multidisciplinary advisory councils as a factor influencing the improvement of survival rate is pointed out. The experience of abdominal department interventions on the great vessels in the context of the experience of large surgical centers is presented. Topical issues of tumor non-resectability, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, perioperative management of patients, including the principles of accelerated recovery after surgery (ERAS) are considered. The results of preoperative irradiation of retroperitoneal sarcoma patients (STRASS1) are presented and the protocol of neoadjuvant therapy (STRASS2) is announced.
Experience with olaparib in the treatment of BRCA-associated tumors in real clinical practice. Observational study
Authors: Sultanbaev Alexander V. , Menshikov Konstantin V. , Musin Shamil I. , Nasretdinov Ainur F. , Fatikhova Alfiya A. , Izmailov Adel A. , Lipatov Oleg N. , Ayupov Rustam T. , Sultanbaeva Nadezda I. , Menshikova Irina A. , Serebrennikov Grigorii A.
Published: July 2022

Background. PARP inhibitor olaparib shows encouraging results in the treatment of patients with BRCA-associated tumors. The detection of new tumors associated with abnormalities of the BRCA gene, also can lead to the expansion of PARP inhibitors application. The application of PARP inhibitors improved treatment outcomes for ovarian, breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers in comparison with standard drug therapy regimens, demonstrating the moderate toxicity profile. All this makes olaparib the significant option in planning the tactics of treatment of this category of patients.
Aim. Assess the efficacy of olaparib in real clinical practice conditions in our region and to demonstrate the clinical experience accumulated in the regional clinical oncology dispensary.
Materials and methods. We analyzed the cases of the treatment with olaparib in the Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The study included 79 patients.
Results. Median progression-free survival reached 12 months and the best response was the stabilization of the disease among patients receiving olaparib. Median progression-free survival was 6 months and the best response was the stabilization of the disease among the patients treated with olaparib during Re-Challenge regimen.
Conclusion. Olaparib applying in real clinical practice demonstrated satisfactory results.
Cabozantinib in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Volkova Maria I. , Turupaev Kirill A. , Kalinin Sergey A.
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the standards of drug therapy for advanced kidney cancer have undergone significant changes associated with the appearance of the effective immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as the high affinity second-generation multi-kinase inhibitors. One of the new tyrosine kinase inhibitors associated with the proven antitumor activity and safety in patients with advanced forms of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is cabozantinib. The standards of drug therapy for advanced renal cancer have significantly changed in recent years with the emergence of effective anti-tumor immune response checkpoint inhibitors and high-affinity second-generation multikinase inhibitors. One of the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors with proven antitumor activity and safety in patients with advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) is cabozantinib. In the first-line therapy for advanced renal cancer, the combination of cabozantinib with nivolumab became the regimen of choice in patients of all risk groups, according to International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC), regardless of the presence of a sarcomatoid component in the tumor based on the results of the randomized phase III CheckMate 9ER clinical trial (n=651), which demonstrated a significant benefit of immune targeted therapy compared to sunitinib in terms of overall survival (OS; median 37.7 and 34.3 months, respectively), progression-free survival (PFS; median 16.6 and 8.3 months, respectively) and objective response rate (ORR; 55.7 and 28.4%, respectively). Cabozantinib monotherapy in the first-line therapy of advanced renal cancer in patients in the intermediate-risk and poor-risk groups is an alternative regimen reserved for patients with contraindications to anti-tumor immune response checkpoint inhibitors. This recommendation is based on the results of the open-label phase II RCT, CABOSUN (n=157), which showed a significant increase in PFS in the cabozantinib group compared to sunitinib (8.6 month vs 5.3 months, respectively). Also, cabozantinib is the drug of choice in papillary RCC due to the proven advantage in terms of PFS over sunitinib (9.0 and 5.6 months, respectively) demonstrated in the SWOG 1500 phase II RCT (n=152). Cabozantinib remains the drug of choice for second-line therapy of RCC resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy, based on the results of the phase III METEOR RCT, in which the drug showed a compelling advantage over everolimus for PFS (7.4 and 3.8 months, respectively) and OS (21.4 and 16.5 months, respectively). The article presents a detailed analysis of these studies.
Risk of discrimination against Russian citizens in providing medical care abroad as a health care trend
Authors: Ognerubov Nikolai A. , Zelepukin Roman V. , Poddubnaya Irina V.
Published: July 2022

The authors reveal the conditions and factors of health care system development that have emerged to date, indicate their content, and note the role of legal regulation of health care. The influence of aggravation of the international situation is noted, and the resulting risk of national origin discrimination against Russian citizens is addressed. The risk of discrimination against Russian citizens in providing health care abroad is presented as a trend. In this respect, the authors suggest some organizational and human rights measures and directions of support and protection of the rights of Russian citizens.
Consumer’s purchase intention and consumption of convenience food: the role
of socio-demographic and economic determinants
Authors: Imtiyaz Hena , Soni Peeyush , Yukongdi Vimolwan
Published: July 2022

The research aimed to examine the relationship between marital status, gender, age,
employment status, meal patterns, family income, food price, food availability and
purchase intention and consumption of convenience food. The confirmatory factor
analysis and structural equation modelling were adopted to analyse the data obtained from
501 consumers. The confirmatory factor analysis indicates the good internal consistency
and reliability of scale items as well as confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity
of the constructs. The fit indices demonstrated adequate fit of measurement and structural
models. The path analysis of the structural model highlights the positive relationship
between marital status, employment status, meal patterns, family income, food price, food
availability and purchase intention and consumption of convenience food. The gender and
age of consumers were not linked with the purchase intention of convenience food. The
path analysis of the structural model also revealed that marital status was the most
important determinant, followed by food price, meal pattern, family income, employment
status and food availability influencing purchase intention and consumption of
convenience food.
Total phenolic compound and its antioxidant activity of by-product from
pineapple
Authors: Lasunon P. , Phonkerd N. , Tettawong P. , Sengkhamparn N.
Published: July 2022

Pineapple is a popular tropical fruit. This work aimed to investigate the total phenolic and
total flavonoid content in pineapple by-products including peel, core and pomace. In
addition, the antioxidant activities of their extract were determined. The results showed
that pineapple peel gave the highest extract yield followed by core and pomace, while the
peel and core extract contain a high amount of phenolic and flavonoid. In addition, the
highest DPPH radical and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity was pineapple peel extract.
The Fuzzy Analytical Method has been performed to evaluate the best value material by
using 3 criteria which are composed of extract yield, amount of bioactive compound and
its antioxidant activities. The results showed that the peel was the best value material
followed by core. This can be pointed out that the pineapple peel could be a choice for
food ingredients.
Exemplification then and now: A historical overview of English exemplifying markers
Authors: Rodríguez-Abruñeiras Paula
Published: July 2022

Examples are discursive instruments intended to represent the more general unit to which they belong. A prototypical exemplifying construction has a twofold structure consisting of a general element (GE; the first unit, with a more general referent) and an exemplifying element (EE; the second, more specific unit whose referent is included within the referent of the GE; these are the ‘cases in point’). The use of an explicit link to indicate partial coreferentiality within these two units is compulsory. This paper focuses on those linking words/phrases which are used in English to convey such a relation, the so-called exemplifying markers (EMs). For a better understanding of these forms, a classification of such markers is proposed on the basis of semantic-pragmatic and syntactic criteria. With the aim of providing a more comprehensive approach to English EMs, some forms which were used in earlier stages of the language with an exemplifying function but which have now become obsolete are also discussed. Finally, the paper also draws attention to some forms which are not classified as EMs but which are on occasion found performing an exemplifying function.
The Role of StarD13 in Prostate Cancer Proliferation, Motility, and Invasion. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Jaafar Leila
Published: July 2022

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors affecting males. Several risk factors predispose males to develop prostate cancer including age, ethnicity, and dietary habits. Even though it is easy to treat prostate cancer patients in the early stages, the danger of this disease resides in its being metastatic. Metastasis is a defining feature of invasive cancers, a process that includes invading the underlying matrix and migration of cells from the primary tumor to a distant location where they adhere and proliferate to form a new cancerous mass. Metastasis depends on the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics established mainly by the family of Rho GTPases. Rho GTPases alternate between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound forms, which is accomplished by two classes of regulators, Rho GEFs that activate Rho GTPases by exchanging GDP with a GTP, and Rho GAPs that induce the hydrolysis of GTP into GDP rendering the Rho GTPases inactive. Among the Rho GAPs is StarD13, also called DLC2. In previous studies done at our lab, StarD13 is found to be a tumor suppressor in several tumor types like astrocytoma and breast cancer. In this study, we elaborated on the role of StarD13 in prostate cancer cellular proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and motility. We found that, in prostate cancer, StarD13 is underexpressed and it acts as a suppressor of tumor proliferation, adhesion, and invasion, however, StarD13 is a positive regulator of prostate cancer 2D motility.
Qatar and Omnibalancing Escaping the Saudi Regional Hegemony. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Bitar Houda
Published: July 2022

Taking as its backdrop the severing of diplomatic ties and the imposition of economic sanctions on Qatar by Saudi Arabia and its Gulf allies in June 2017, this thesis examines the sources of the turbulent relationship between Qatar and its larger neighbor: Saudi Arabia. The thesis analyzes this critical relationship from the perspective of Qatar. Its aim is to explain why Qatar has historically pushed back against toeing the Saudi foreign policy line; and why it has largely succeeded in achieving this feat. The thesis interrogates Qatari contemporary history and its external relations in order to discern the factors that encouraged, and enabled, Qatar to pursue a policy of balancing against – rather than bandwagoning with – Saudi Arabia. The thesis draws on the theoretical framework provided by the International Relations theory of omnibalancing. It argues that Qatar’s historic alliance with the United States and its close relationship to Iran (at least in comparison to the other Gulf States) were driven by a Qatari quest to deter any possible Saudi military intervention and (more broadly) to escape Saudi regional hegemony. A brief comparison between Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar regarding their stances towards Saudi Arabia shows that Bahrain bandwagoned with Saudi Arabia due to regime security calculations. Kuwait and Oman maintained more independent foreign policy stances, but without defying Saudi Arabia. Qatar was the only Gulf state to challenge Saudi regional hegemony. The thesis argues that the political, economic, and military ties that Qatar established with regional (Iran) and international actors– as well as its oil wealth and reliance on “soft power” – supported its quest to balance against Saudi regional hegemony.
From Sectarian Socialization to Violent Socialization. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Nooruddin Fatema
Published: July 2022

In the last two decades, academic work published on sectarianism in the Middle East has focused on the Sunni-Shi‘a conflict in either states with heterogeneous Muslim populations, such as Lebanon and Iraq, or postwar states, such as Yemen and Syria. In other states, like Egypt and Sudan, academic work on sectarianism mainly revolved around the Muslim-Christian conflict, due to the assumption that the Muslim population is homogenously Sunni. By studying the case of Egypt during Mohamed Morsi’s rule, this study aims to explain the Sunni-Shi‘a divide in a state that contains a homogenous Muslim population of one main sect. In this thesis, the theories of sectarian socialization and violent socialization are used to show that sectarian sentiments increased during this short period. The study explores the correlation between the rise of Islamists in Egypt and the increase in the sectarian divide. The perspective of the socialized Egyptians is also examined to reach an understanding of their belief in a societal threat. The threat is correlated with two main events during this period: Morsi’s efforts to normalize Egyptian-Iranian relations and the rise of Salafi-jihadism in Syria. The thesis concludes that Morsi‘s policies and failure to invalidate the societal threat delegitimized his credibility as a president and fueled sectarian violence in Egypt.
The role of corticosteroids in the early management of sepsis in the Lebanese population. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, El-Ratel Rayan
Published: July 2022

The use of corticosteroids in the management of sepsis has been quite controversial. This thesis was motivated by a pursuit to gain a better understanding about the safety and efficacy of using corticosteroids in sepsis. In order to achieve our objective, this thesis will capitalize on an intervention that has been previously implemented in a private hospital in Lebanon. The intervention entailed adding corticosteroids to the management protocol of a group of septic patients. Also to better understand the importance of this intervention, this thesis will specifically compare clinical outcomes of the group of patients who received the intervention (which took place between February 2018 and April 2019), to another group of septic patients admitted prior to the implementation of the intervention (patients admitted between January 2016 and February 2018). This study is in no way an interventional study, it will build on and analyze a previously conducted intervention in a retrospective manner.
Youth Radicalization. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Saadi Mona
Published: July 2022

Many of young Palestinians have been the target of extremists’ appeal. Studies have shown that radicalization gains grounds in poor socioeconomic and lacking human rights environment. Radical groups have been successful to exploit deprivation feeling for recruiting purposes. The Lebanese government, on the other hand, has imposed various limits on Palestinian refugees’ civil rights in the pretext of insuring the “right to return”. These limits include significant restrictions on refugees’ socioeconomic development, livelihood, and movements. A situation that has served fertilizing the ground for radicalization. This paper highlights the significance of civil rights deprivation in driving youth toward extremism. It, thus, offers a response to whether the deprivation of civil rights is a major driver to radicalization. In contrast, it explores whether ensuring civil rights can serve as prevention of violent extremism (PVE). The evidence is extracted from previous empirical studies as well as from focus group discussion (FGD) conducted with radicalized Palestinian youth in Ain El Helwe Refugee Camp. At the same time, experts’ opinions are compiled to confirm assumptions and validate conclusions.
Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Boiling Flows in Macro and Micro-scale Channels. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Maalouly Michael
Published: July 2022

Two-phase boiling flows are used in a wide range of engineering applications. One of the most common applications is cooling systems. A refrigerant is injected into a closed-loop under saturation conditions extracting the unwanted heat from the corresponding system and boiling as a consequence. However, flow boiling is a complex process governed by several flow characteristics making it challenging to predict. It is strongly related to the turbulence and shear stress occurring between the two phases. Correlations are usually used to model this process. These correlations are based on global averaged parameters in a certain range of operating conditions, while boiling is also dependent on local effects. Thus, the implementation of a more sophisticated numerical approach is mandatory. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can provide the needed local flow characteristics to predict all aspects of boiling. In this study, a two-phase model implemented in an open-source CFD solver has been tested on two different fluids: Freon R12 and Carbon Dioxide CO2. R12 was chosen since it is one of the most common fluids employed in cooling technologies and its behaviour has been widely assessed experimentally. In addition, CO2 fluid has been selected as it is the new refrigerant with promising characteristics to replace CFCs such as R12. In particular, CERN/CMS is heading in that direction as they are updating their detector cooling system to CO2 evaporative cooling. The CFD model has been tested for the two fluids in different configurations and under various levels of simplification of the model. This work provides a detailed analysis of the key physical aspects dominating the boiling process such as turbulence and buoyancy effects. Finally, some recommendations on best practices in modelling boiling flows are provided.
The Impact and Implications of Three (I)NGO Women Empowerment Programs on Displaced Syrian Women in Lebanon. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Fleifel Manar
Published: July 2022

This thesis explores, through a critical post-colonial feminist lens, the impact and implications of three humanitarian and development organizations women empowerment programs on Syrian women’s lives in displacement. The study draws on the discourses of empowerment (or disempowerment) and humanitarianism from the literature, explores discourses of empowerment as perceived and practiced by the interviewed humanitarian and development practitioners, and narrates displaced Syrian women’s experiences with humanitarianism and development and their own empowerment journeys. In this course, the dissertation addresses the varied perceptions of refugee-ness, vulnerability, and gender roles. The thesis also draws attention to the “unintended consequences” of empowerment projects, whereby displaced Syrian women practice “hidden pathways” towards empowerment in their daily lives, without such pathways being an outcome on the agenda of aid organizations, agencies and their donors. The study proposes that there is tangible evidence on the formation of alternative frameworks of empowerment practiced amongst displaced Syrian women through informal and grassroots women to women initiatives and support groups.
Determinants of Business Resilience. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Chahine Lynn
Published: July 2022

Dynamic capabilities research has clearly demonstrated that businesses must adapt to change to survive. The Covid-19 pandemic has put the resilience of businesses at test. The present study uses dynamic capabilities theoretical framework to shed light on the determinants of business resilience. Results from a sample of 243 full-time managers and business owners demonstrate that businesses who are more agile are more likely to be resilient. In addition, environmental hostility positively moderates the positive relationship between agility and resilience such that this relationship is stronger when environmental hostility is high. Digitalization also showed a positive relationship with resilience. Finally, the hypothesis that digitalization moderates the positive relationship between agility and resilience such that this relationship is stronger when engagement is high was not supported due to the burnout effect of digitalization. Implications and future research opportunities of this research are offered.
The Snowden Files. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Hanna Jessica
Published: July 2022

Surveillance in modern western societies has always been a challenge to the foundation of these democratic liberal societies. The line that separates acts of surveillance for the purpose of national security from illegitimate acts that a surveillance state exhibits has always been a blurry one. This study aims at exploring the NSA files that were leaked by Edward Snowden in 2013 during the Barack Obama administration. These files exposed practices that the US government engaged in the post 9/11 era; practices that were constitutionally dubious yet promoted under the umbrella of advancing national security. By shifting from targeted surveillance to mass surveillance in the post 9/11 era, and with the expansion of technology, the US government has exhibited elements of a surveillance state that run contrary to the liberal democratic principles on which the U.S. was founded. These surveillance activities went well beyond safeguarding national security to serve other interests, including economic ones and the quest for international influence.
Examining the Intersection of UN Policy Dilemmas with Lebanon's Incoherent Policy Landscape. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Al Fakih Fidaa
Published: July 2022

The thesis problematizes the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in International Relations and studies how the organization interacts with refugee hosting states facing protracted refugee challenges. To that end, it integrates the analysis of UNHCR’s humanitarian and development programming as well as its refugee policies in Lebanon between 2012 and 2019 into the wider literature on international organizations and the international refugee regime. The thesis controls for Lebanon’s registration and border policy, return policy, and its securitization of the displacement influx and argues that UNHCR had to reinvent its “norm entrepreneurship” role in Lebanon and to adapt its humanitarian and development policies to a continuously changing and ambiguous policy landscape. It therefore takes UNHCR’s humanitarian programing and refugee policies as the dependent variables and, concomitantly, Lebanon’s policy landscape as the independent variable. In so doing, it advances the hypothesis that UNHCR would not have likely been able to navigate Lebanon’s complex refugee policy cycles without adopting an often-criticized pragmatic role.
Unsupervised Feature-Based Visualization Tool Applied on Medical Data. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Moufarrej Angela
Published: July 2022

In a time when data is experiencing a remarkable growth in different fields, extracting and understanding the correlations between different data features is becoming increasingly important in many application areas, ranging over business, demographics, politics, and medicine, among others. The proper exploitation of such data offers great challenges in terms of data analysis and visualization, in order to allow effective and efficient decision-making. The problem is further aggravated on the Web where the data is often loosely structured and multi-featured. In this context, interactive data visualization has been recently suggested as a promising solution to facilitate data analysis and help in unveiling patterns, trends, and anomalies in the data. In this research, we present a new unsupervised feature-based tool for data visualization titled “mirrored dendrograms”. Our tool accepts as input semi-structured and multi-featured data, and allows the user to select the target features to be visualized and mapped against each other, as well as their relative impacts (weights) on the visualization process. It then invokes a hierarchical clustering process to cluster the data following the user-chosen features, and produces a dendrogram structure for each combination of target features. The dendrograms are then mirrored against each other by mapping the internal nodes of one dendrogram against the other dendrogram’s nodes, in order to highlight their structure correlation. Different from existing solutions like parallel coordinates and heatmap dendrograms, our work offers three main contributions: (i) connecting the dendrograms through their internal nodes (instead of connecting their leaf nodes like with heatmap dendrograms and tangelgrams) providing a visual representation of the relationships between the data structures, (ii) allowing to zoom-in and out the data to show their relationships at different granularity levels (compared with existing static solutions which do not allow varying granularities), and (iii) identifying the best zooming level between two dendrograms highlighting the maximum correlation (similarity) with the minimal amount of details (granularity) presented to the user (based on the intuition that users wish to acquire the most value out of the data, while viewing the least amount of data, i.e., with the least amount of effort). We have conducted a preliminary evaluation of our solution, using a sample dataset of 197 Electronic Health Records (EHRs) obtained from a private medical clinic, where all EHRs were vetted by a medical doctor from LAU Rizk hospital. The study was focused on the migraine headache disorder, where multiple patient data samples were mapped and visualized against each other. A number of 19 testers volunteered to participate in an online survey to help review and evaluate the data visualizations produced by our new tool, compared with existing solutions. Initial results are promising and highlight the potential our tool.
Scent marketing: The asymmetry of consumer perception of traditional regional products
Authors: Yarosh Olga B. , Kalkova Natalya N.
Published: July 2022

The article presents an experimental study of the effect of scent marketing on consumer behaviour when choosing products of regional origin. The research methodology includes the theories of congruence, relevance, and thematic relevance, as well as the approaches to assessing the perceived quality implemented on the basis of neuromarketing research methods. To obtain verified results, economic and statistical methods of analysis were applied. The information base of the study covers biometric data on the oculomotor behaviour of 32 participants, collected as part of a laboratory-based neuromarketing experiment focused on examining nine groups of regional products. Data visualization and statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 22.0 software package. OGAMA software was applied to analyse oculomotor behaviour and establish heat maps and gaze movement patterns. The experiment was planned and conducted in EventID. The research results showed that scent marketing significantly affected consumer choice – the desire to make a purchase increased by 60 %. There is gender asymmetry in the receptivity of fragrances: women exhibit stronger consumer loyalty and involvement. The findings confirm the efficiency of promoting autochthonous regional products (wine, cosmetics, and essential oils) with the help of scent marketing. The paper provides new data on the influence of scent marketing on visual attention. It is also statistically proved that the use of mountain lavender scenting increases the number of visual fixations, their duration and speed, which can lead to a proportional rise in the amount of time a customer spends in a store and, consequently, to an increase in the number of purchases.
Internet Resources for Highway Engineering
Authors: Choinski Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

It is possible to find plenty of information relevant to highway engineering by searching the web using one of the standard web search engines (Yahoo, Alta Vista, Lycos, etc.). It can be difficult to tease apart the sites that are especially germane to highway engineering. The following sites are ones that are useful in providing information needed by highway engineers. Included are sites dealing with roads and bridges; not included are sites dealing exclusively with automobile, railroad, maritime, or aerospace engineering.
A Month in the Life of a Mailing List: Communication Among Science and Technology Librarians
Authors: Duda Andrea L. , Meszaros Rosemary L. , Markham James W.
Published: July 2022

Electronic mailing lists help librarians stay up to date with issues and activities in the profession. The number of mailing lists focusing on library-related topics is staggering -- there are 185 entries in the library and information science section of {The Directory of Scholarly and Professional E-Conferences}. (Kovacs, 1995). In order to look at how useful some of these lists are, what types of topics they cover, and the general nature of these mailing lists, we subscribed to the mailing lists below for a period of one month in the late spring of 1997.
ACRL STS Forum for Science and Technology Library Research
Authors: Shrode Flora G.
Published: July 2022

This article summarizes the presentations at the STS Forum for Science and Technology Library Research at ALA San Francisco, June 29, 1997.
Developing and Delivering Medical Reference Source Instruction in a Special Library
Authors: Walther James H. , Speisser Nancy
Published: July 2022

The goal of this article is to present science librarians with a model, not only for the basic, command-based parameters of what and how to search information, but to create a level of information strategy and assessment. An exhaustive list of Internet sites is excluded, but representative information is included. The focus of this article is how to identify audiences, user assessments, models of training, methods of training delivery, and goals for the future. Having users learn how to balance the availability of databases, journals, services and sources by articulating the features and advantages of each choice, should be the focus of all training initiatives.
Environmental Guide to the Internet by Carol Briggs-Erickson and Toni Murphy
Authors: Napp John Bergman
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the book Environmental Guide to the Internet, 3rd edition. Rockville, MD: Government Institutes, 1997, by Carol Briggs-Erickson and Toni Murphy.
International Digital Electronic Access Library (IDEAL) from Academic Press
Authors: Loughner William
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the International Digital Electronic Access Library (IDEAL) from Academic Press.
Academic Library WebTeam Management: The Role of Leadership & Authority
Authors: Johnson William T.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe how the TTU Library WebTeam functioned, what it achieved, and the lessons learned, with the hope of encouraging other academic institutions to implement such a team structure to accomplish specific tasks either related or unrelated to web site management. This article describes that experiment from the perspective of the Team Leader, focusing on the role of authority and leadership in small group dynamics. The WebTeam phase of web site development at TTU Libraries has formally concluded. The successful implementation of our WebTeam suggests that small working groups of professional librarians and paraprofessional staff can manage their own agenda to help the academic library more effectively achieve its mission. Our Team was on the "front lines" bringing a new technology into the academic workplace where the rate of change is dizzying and where technological changes are not always welcome.
Hooking Into Fish Facts: Internet Resources in Marine Fisheries
Authors: Duda Laurel E.
Published: July 2022

Like many research disciplines, marine fisheries are viewed from numerous angles of inquiry. This report of annotated Internet resources highlights sites where users can net information ranging from publications and government regulations to various societies and careers. Although this list is only a sampling, with just a small amount of bait many of the resources listed here will lead to others. So for those who are tired of "trolling" the World Wide Web here are some tips on where to drop line and catch some BIG fish information.
Personnel, Gate Count, and Hours of Operation in ARL Science & Technology Libraries: A Comparison with Medical School Libraries
Authors: Von Seggern Marilyn
Published: July 2022

Information collected on personnel, gate count, and hours of operation in academic science and technology libraries for 1992-93 is discussed and analyzed. These data are part of a more comprehensive survey conducted by the ACRL Science and Technology Section's Committee on Comparison of Science and Technology Libraries. The data are then compared to similar data taken from the 1992-93 survey of academic health sciences libraries. Potential comparisons with other library surveys are briefly mentioned. Information reported by type of library includes

numbers and categories of staff
ratios of professional to support and hourly wage staff
ratios of administrative to public and technical services staff
gate count
and hours of operation.