bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Talent management and employees with disabilities: a systematic literature review in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez-Marín Gregorio , Lozano-Reina Gabriel , Peláez-León Juan David , Sastre Castillo Miguel Angel
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this literature review is, first, to understand how employees with disabilities in the context of COVID-19 have been studied under the talent management (TM) approach; second, to explore what we know about the predictors and outcomes that have been linked to TM practices in that area; and third, to identify gaps in our understanding and provide insights for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) based on 38 academic sources published in high-impact indexes from 2020 to 2023.

Findings

The existing research shows COVID-19 as a crucial context that led organizations to more precarious and segmented TM practices, which had negative consequences for employees with disabilities, both at the individual level (reduced satisfaction and income, and increased health issues) and the organizational level (increased unemployment, turnover and discrimination as well as declining performance and productivity).

Originality/value

This paper provides essential contributions to the field of TM in the relatively unexplored context of employees with disabilities since the emergence of COVID-19. Our literature review suggests there is significant room for developing and implementing adjusted TM strategies and practices to foster effective inclusiveness, accommodations and supportive work environments for employees with disabilities. From this evidence, a number of key avenues for future research and key implications for academics and practitioners are provided.
No more war (for talent): the impact of HR analytics on talent management activities
Authors: Di Prima Christian , Hussain Wan Mohd Hirwani Wan , Ferraris Alberto
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Despite talent management’s (TM) importance for improving organizations' competitiveness and resilience, the pandemic highlighted the weakness of organizational-level TM strategies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the moderating impact of HR analytics on the relationship between TM and its individual outcomes (talent motivation and quality of hires) and subsequently, their impact on organizational outcomes (talent retention).

Design/methodology/approach

The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze 219 online questionnaires administered to HR managers from European companies.

Findings

A positive relationship exists between TM activities and talent motivation as well as the quality of hires. Furthermore, HR analytics positively moderates these relationships. Finally, talent motivation and the quality of hires are positively related to talent retention.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers several contributions to theory, as it analyzes TM from an individual perspective and provides further empirical confirmation of the potential benefits of HR analytics and additional grounding to the contingency theory.

Practical implications

Our results will allow practitioners to better orient their HR investments, with positive effects for their organizations and their employees.

Social implications

This study demonstrates that HR analytics can help organizations adopt a human-centric approach to TM, thus increasing the chances for talents to fully express their potential.

Originality/value

This study takes a step forward toward considering TM outcomes from an individual perspective, responding to new generations' need to pay more attention to their individualities. HR analytics can be a suitable tool to do so, as it can provide insights and suggestions based on the actual organizational context, making TM a more data-driven process.
Managerial supplication and counterproductive work behavior: Do sadness, political skill and emotional intelligence matter?
Authors: Meisler Galit
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Can managerial supplication lead subordinates to engage in undesirable work behavior? What role, if any, do negative emotions play in this process? Are there factors that moderate these emotions and their harmful implications? Relying on the affective events theory, the current study investigated these questions using a moderated mediation model in which: (a) perceived managerial supplication elicited sadness that resulted in counterproductive work behavior and (b) political skill and emotional intelligence moderated these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The moderated mediation model was tested using a sample of 167 employees. The data were collected in three waves.

Findings

Perceived managerial supplication was positively related to subordinates' sadness and both dimensions of counterproductive work behavior, namely, organizational and interpersonal counterproductive work behavior. Moreover, sadness was positively related to both dimensions of counterproductive work behavior and mediated the relationships between perceived supplication and these two undesirable outcomes. Nevertheless, contrary to our expectations, all moderation effects included in our model were insignificant.

Practical implications

Human resource departments should implement training programs to develop the awareness of their managers about the harmful consequences of perceived supplication, encouraging them to use other behaviors with subordinates.

Originality/value

This study is the first to (a) suggest and validate the view that subordinates' perceptions about their managers' use of supplication can result in undesirable work behavior and (b) demonstrate that sadness, an emotion that is not associated with the tendency to express external aggression, can lead employees to engage in counterproductive work behavior toward both their organizations and colleagues.
A critical investigation of the anisotropic behavior in the WAAM-fabricated structure
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Mandal Amitava
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Wire-arc-based additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology for the efficient and economical fabrication of medium-large components. However, the anisotropic behavior of the multilayered WAAM-fabricated components remains a challenging problem.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of the grain morphology, crystallographic orientation and texture in three regions of the WAAM printed component. Furthermore, the interdependence of the grain morphology in different regions of the fabricated component with their mechanical and tribological properties was established.

Findings

The electron back-scattered diffraction analysis of the top and bottom regions revealed fine recrystallized grains, whereas the middle regions acquired columnar grains with an average size of approximately 8.980 µm. The analysis revealed a higher misorientation angle and an intense crystallographic texture in the upper and lower regions. The investigations found a higher microhardness value of 168.93 ± 1.71 HV with superior wear resistance in the bottom region. The quantitative evaluation of the residual stress detected higher compressive stress in the upper regions. Evidence for comparable ultimate tensile strength and greater elongation (%) compared to its wrought counterpart has been observed.

Originality/value

The study found a good correlation between the grain morphology in different regions of the WAAM-fabricated component and their mechanical and wear properties. The Hall–Petch relationship also established good agreement between the grain morphology and tensile test results. Improved ductility compared to its wrought counterpart was observed. The anisotropy exists with improved mechanical properties along the longitudinal direction. Moreover, cylindrical components have superior tribological properties compared with cuboidal components.
The role of digital platforms in e-commerce food supply chain resilience under exogenous disruptions
Authors: Suali Arunpreet Singh , Srai Jagjit Singh , Tsolakis Naoum
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Operational risks can cause considerable, atypical disturbances and impact food supply chain (SC) resilience. Indicatively, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in the UK food services as nationwide stockouts led to unprecedented discrepancies between retail and home-delivery supply capacity and demand. To this effect, this study aims to examine the emergence of digital platforms as an innovative instrument for food SC resilience in severe market disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretive multiple case-study approach was used to unravel how different generations of e-commerce food service providers, i.e. established and emergent, responded to the need for more resilient operations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

SC disruption management for high-impact low-frequency events requires analysing four research elements: platformisation, structural variety, process flexibility and system resource efficiency. Established e-commerce food operators use partner onboarding and local waste valorisation to enhance resilience. Instead, emergent e-commerce food providers leverage localised rapid upscaling and product personalisation.

Practical implications

Digital food platforms offer a highly customisable, multisided digital marketplace wherein platform members may aggregate product offerings and customers, thus sharing value throughout the network. Platform-induced disintermediation allows bidirectional flows of data and information among SC partners, ensuring compliance and safety in the food retail sector.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the SC configuration and resilience literature by investigating the interrelationship among platformisation, structural variety, process flexibility and system resource efficiency for safe and resilient food provision within exogenously disrupted environments.
Breaking the WAVE and shattering stereotypes: addressing organizational change and team dynamics with female leaders
Authors: Thompson Jewel
Published: May 2024

Research methodology

The research consisted of a questionnaire and in-depth interview with the CEO. Secondary research was conducted to read through various articles and literature available on the organization. Relevant courses are organizational behavior/organization development/strategic management.

Case overview/synopsis

In a landscape traditionally dominated by male leadership, this case study highlights the compelling narrative of a new leader with an unconventional leadership style. This purpose of this case study aims to explore the change management challenges faced by Molade, CEO of WAVE, a leading vocational education social enterprise based in Lagos, Nigeria, as she grapples with the issue of organizational culture and gender bias and their impact on team dynamics while implementing a new strategy. Her leadership journey reflects not only personal triumphs but also the broader impact of diverse perspectives at the helm of organizational decision-making. Despite having over a decade of industry experience and being well-respected in her field, Molade is met with resistance and patronizing behavior from some of the existing team members who question her authority and decision-making abilities. The case discusses leadership challenges faced by Molade, a female leader, its negative implications on her performance and her ability to implement change within the organization. Ultimately, Molade’s perseverance and strategic thinking enabled her to successfully navigate her dilemma.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate business course(s) which include organizational behavior, organization development and strategic management.
Effectiveness of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate aerosol foam in patients with small versus large plaque psoriasis in routine practice in South Korea
Authors: Jo Seong Jin , Park Chul‐Jong , Bang Chul Hwan , Jeong Ki‐Heon , Shin Bong Seok , Kim Dong Hyun , Song Hae Jun , Lee Ju‐Hee , Kim YoungEun , Choi Sun , Youn Sang Woong
Published: May 2024

Small plaque psoriasis is the typical form of chronic plaque psoriasis affecting adults in South Korea. The effectiveness of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) aerosol foam for large and small psoriasis plaques has not previously been examined. We performed a post hoc analysis of a recent, 4‐week observational study of Cal/BD aerosol foam use in routine clinical practice in South Korea. Investigator Global Assessment response ([IGA] 0/1 at week 4), Patient Global Assessment response ([PaGA] 0/1 at week 4), change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), changes in psoriasis symptom scores, change in the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and the proportion of patients achieving DLQI ≤5 were analyzed for patients with small (≤5 cm; n = 131) or large (>5 cm; n = 35) baseline plaque size. IGA response rates were similar for patients with small and large plaques (59.5% and 51.4% respectively). Similarly, there was no significant difference between the small and large groups in mean change in PASI (−2.20 vs −3.34), the proportions of patients with DLQI ≤5 (62.3% vs 54.3%) or PaGA 0/1 (29.2% vs 40.0%). Mean improvements in DLQI (−4.04 vs −6.20) and in psoriasis symptoms including itching (−1.50 vs −2.83), sleep loss (−0.67 vs −1.89), dryness (−1.57 vs −2.97), scaling (−1.21 vs −3.57), and redness (−1.17 vs −3.11) were greater in patients with large plaques than those with small plaques. Itching and DLQI differences were not statistically significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Stratification by body surface area affected eliminated statistically significant differences between the groups for most outcomes. In conclusion, this analysis suggests that Cal/BD aerosol foam is an effective, well‐accepted treatment for adult patients with the small plaques typical of chronic plaque psoriasis in South Korea, as well as for those with large plaques.
Diving waves in acoustic factorized orthorhombic media
Authors: Galtung Kristoffer Tesdal , Stovas Alexey
Published: May 2024

Diving waves propagating in the subsurface are massive sources of low‐frequency information that can be used to constrain the kinematic component of the velocity model. Compared to reflected waves, less is known about the behaviour of diving waves, especially in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy. Anisotropy is needed to place the events to the correct depths and match travel times in synthetics with recorded data. Obtaining more insights into the influence of anisotropy on diving wave propagation can help to find parameters with a low trade‐off for inversion. Here, we derive equations for diving qP‐waves in an acoustic factorized anisotropic model with orthorhombic anisotropy. The effects of the anisotropic parameters in the acoustic factorized orthorhombic model are tested by perturbing , , , and and observing differences in the ray paths, the effective vertical slowness and the relative geometrical spreading. The properties of diving waves in this model are also compared with those in an acoustic isotropic model and acoustic factorized anisotropic models with elliptical‐ and vertical transverse isotropic anisotropy. From our analysis, we found that perturbing and has the most significant influence on these characteristics. The , and parameters were shown to induce minor changes. Compared with the other models, the acoustic factorized orthorhombic model had the most in common with the acoustic factorized anisotropic model with elliptical anisotropy. Although, in general, none of the other models could fully represent the effects of orthorhombic anisotropy.
HDAC6 inhibitor promotes reactive oxygen species‐meditated clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in macrophage
Authors: Yimiti Maimaitiaili , Fei Xuefeng , Yang Hao , Yang Xiaobao , Li Shuhui , Tuoheniyazi Huxidanmu , Liu Danping , Ma Junrui , Xie Jialing , Zheng Juanjuan , Song Zhen , Li Qingtian , Xu Dakang , Zhao Yanan , Gu Zhidong
Published: May 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pneumonia has become an increasingly important public health problem. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are critical in the host immune defence against pathogen infection. In this study, we found that S. aureus infection induces the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, by using a S. aureus pneumonia mouse model, we showed that the HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A, demonstrates a protective effect in S. aureus pneumonia, decreasing the mortality and destruction of lung architecture, reducing the bacterial burden in the lungs and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Mechanistic studies in primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages demonstrated that the HDAC6 inhibitors, tubastatin A and tubacin, reduced the intracellular bacterial load by promoting bacterial clearance rather than regulating phagocytosis. Finally, N‐acetyl‐L‐ cysteine, a widely used reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, antagonized ROS production and significantly inhibited tubastatin A‐induced S. aureus clearance. These findings demonstrate that HDAC6 inhibitors promote the bactericidal activity of macrophages by inducing ROS, an important host factor for S. aureus clearance and production. Our study identified HDAC6 as a suitable epigenetic modification target for preventing S. aureus infection, and tubastatin A as a useful compound in treating S. aureus pneumonia.
Antibiotic exposure alters the honeybee gut microbiota and may interfere with the honeybee behavioral caste transition
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Mu Xiaohuan , Cao Qina , Zhai Yifan , Zheng Li , Liu Yan , Zheng Hao , Zhang Xue
Published: May 2024

Behavioral division is essential for the sustainability and reproduction of honeybee populations. While accumulating evidence has documented that antibiotic exposure interferes with bee behavioral divisions, how the gut microbiome, host physiology, and genetic regulation are implicated in this process remains understudied. Here, by constructing single‐cohort colonies, we validated that the gut microbiota varied in composition between age‐matched nurse and forager bees. Perturbing the gut microbiota with a low dose of antibiotic retained the gut bacterial size, but the structure of the microbial community continuously diverged from the control group after antibiotic treatment. Fewer foragers were observed in the antibiotic groups in the field experiment. A combinatorial effect of decreased gut metabolic gene repertoires, reduced brain neurotransmitter titers, and downregulated brain immune genes could potentially be related to behavioral tasks transition delay. This work indicates that the disturbance to both the gut microbiome and host physiologies after antibiotic exposure may have implications on social behavior development, highlighting the need for further research focusing on antibiotic pollution threatening the honeybee population's health.
A prospective 12‐month structured weight loss intervention in women with severe obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: Impact of weight loss on eating behaviors
Authors: Kataoka Josefin , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet , Schmidt Johanna , Larsson Ingrid
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The knowledge regarding eating behavior and disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and severe obesity is limited. This study aimed to assess eating behavior and lifestyle factors in women with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), with and without PCOS, and the effect of weight loss on these behaviors.

Material and Methods

A prospective clinical trial with participants screened for PCOS using National Institutes of Health criteria. Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire, and Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns‐revised, and were evaluated regarding binge eating disorder using DSM‐5 criteria before and after a 12‐month weight loss intervention. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01319162.

Results

246 women were included (PCOS n = 63, age 33.0 ± 8.4, BMI 39.9 ± 4.7; non‐PCOS n = 183, age 37.7 ± 8.7, BMI 39.6 ± 4.3). Women with PCOS showed elevated baseline scores in cognitive restraint eating (50.0 [33.3–63.2]) compared to women without PCOS (38.9 [27.8–55.6]; p = 0.012). No differences were observed between groups in emotional and uncontrolled eating. In both groups, cognitive restraint eating was negatively correlated with energy intake (PCOS: r = −0.315, p < 0.05; non‐PCOS: r = −0.214, p < 0.001), while uncontrolled eating displayed a positive correlation with energy intake (PCOS: r = 0.263, p = 0.05; non‐PCOS: r = 0.402, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between emotional eating and energy intake only in women without PCOS (r = 0.400, p < 0.001). Baseline self‐reported energy intake and physical activity did not differ between groups. At 12‐month follow‐up, women with PCOS reported reduced fat intake. Women without PCOS reported reduced energy intake, carbohydrates and sugar, increased protein, reduced scores for emotional and uncontrolled eating, and heightened scores for cognitive restraint eating. Comparing changes from baseline to follow‐up, differences were found between groups in cognitive restraint, intake of fat, carbohydrates, and sugar. The mean weight loss was 12–14 kg, with no between‐group difference (p = 0.616).

Conclusions

Women with severe obesity and PCOS showed elevated cognitive restraint eating behaviors compared to women without PCOS. Although significant weight loss was seen in both groups, alterations in eating behavior more favorable for weight loss were only seen in women without PCOS.
The double‐edged sword of ethical leadership: Investigating when and why ethical leadership promotes versus inhibits team performance
Authors: Liu Ye , Shao Yan , Yan Jin
Published: May 2024

Although previous studies pointed towards a positive association of ethical leadership and team performance, we suggest that ethical leadership may have unintended, paradoxical effects on interpersonal dynamics within the team, and, ultimately, team performance. Drawing on social information processing theory, we propose that ethical leadership can be a mixed blessing, with paradoxical impacts on team performance via two distinct pathways—task and relationship conflicts, contingent upon the team's informal power disparity. Specifically, we propose that ethical leadership has a positive indirect effect on team performance via reducing relationship conflict but a negative indirect effect on team performance via suppressing task conflict. Those indirect effects are more pronounced when the team has a more egalitarian power structure among their members. Results from a three‐wave field study, in which we surveyed 90 work teams in China, provided support for our conceptual model. Our findings reveal the benefits and costs of ethical leadership and the importance of examining informal power disparity in this leadership process.
Outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in real‐world clinical practice who met or did not meet the inclusion criteria for the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Nishikawa Hiroki , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Koshiyama Yuichi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Kawata Kazuhito , Ohama Hideko , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Nishimura Takashi , Imai Michitaka , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Matono Tomomitsu , Aoki Tomoko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Yata Yutaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group,   the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: May 2024

Background

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) is frequently selected as the primary systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Aims

To investigate the outcomes of patients with HCC treated with Atezo/Bev in a real‐world setting based on whether they met the inclusion criteria for the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial.

Methods

A total of 936 patients were enrolled. There were 404 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial (IMbrave150 group) and 532 who did not (non‐IMbrave150 group).

Results

Median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the IMbrave150 and non‐IMbrave150 groups was 7.4 months and 5.6 months (p = 0.002). Multivariable analysis revealed that non‐B, non‐C HCC aetiology (hazard ratio [HR], 1.173), α‐fetoprotein ≥100 ng/mL (HR, 1.472), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage ≥ C (HR, 1.318), and modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade 2b or 3 (HR, 1.476) are independently associated with PFS. Median overall survival (OS) in the IMbrave150 and non‐Imbrave150 groups was 26.5 and 18.8 months (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2 (HR, 1.986), α‐fetoprotein ≥100 ng/mL (HR, 1.481), and mALBI grade 2b or 3 (HR, 2.037) are independently associated with OS. In subgroup analysis, there were no significant differences in PFS or OS between these groups among patients with mALBI grade 1 or 2a.

Conclusions

Patients who are treated with Atezo/Bev and meet the inclusion criteria for the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial, as well as those who do not meet the inclusion criteria but have good liver function, have a good prognosis for survival.
Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for benign multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum in a young man: A case report
Authors: Hayashi Yuki , Gohda Yoshimasa , Kataoka Atsuko , Ishimaru Kazuhiro , Otani Kensuke , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Kinjo Tatsuya , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Yano Hideaki
Published: May 2024

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare condition, particularly in men, and the preoperative diagnosis poses a challenge. Here, we present a case involving single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for BMPM in a 24‐year‐old man with a pelvic mass and a history of ulcerative colitis. Pelvic imaging revealed multifocal cysts, prompting the performance of SILS. The tumor was successfully resected with no residual lesions, and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of BMPM. This case represents the first documented instance of SILS being employed for BMPM in a man. BMPM, characterized by pelvic multifocal cysts, is a differential diagnosis, and SILS emerges as a viable option for both diagnosis and treatment.
Guideline for the Management of Conception and Pregnancy in Thalassaemia Syndromes: A British Society for Haematology Guideline
Authors: Shah Farrukh T. , Nicolle Sarah , Garg Mamta , Pancham Shivan , Lieberman Gidon , Anthony Karen , Mensah Amma Kyei
Published: May 2024

This comprehensive guideline, developed by a representative group of UK‐based medical experts specialising in haemoglobinopathies, addresses the management of conception and pregnancy in patients with thalassaemia. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE using specific keywords, formed the basis of the literature review. Key terms included “thalassaemia,” “pregnancy,” “Cooley's anaemia,” “Mediterranean anaemia,” and others, covering aspects such as fertility, iron burden and ultrasonography. The guideline underwent rigorous review by prominent organisations, including the Endocrine Society, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the United Kingdom Thalassaemia Society and the British Society of Haematology (BSH) guideline writing group. Additional feedback was solicited from a sounding board of UK haematologists, ensuring a thorough and collaborative approach. The objective of the guideline is to equip healthcare professionals with precise recommendations for managing conception and pregnancy in patients with thalassaemia.
The metabolic fuel of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Guarnera Luca , Visconte Valeria
Published: May 2024

Metabolic reprogramming has been investigated in haematological malignancies. To date, a few studies have analysed the metabolic profile of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). The study by Chen and colleagues sheds light on the involvement of metabolic changes in the proliferation of PNH clones.

Commentary on: Chen et al. The histone demethylase JMJD1C regulates CPS1 expression and promotes the proliferation of PNH clones through cell metabolic reprogramming. Br J Haematol 2024;204:2468‐2479.
Improving detection of carcinoma in situ in bladder cancer: urinary cytology vs the Xpert® BC Monitor
Authors: Haas Maximilian , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Breyer Johannes , Sikic Danijel , Wezel Felix , Roghmann Florian , Brehmer Mirco , Wirtz Ralph M. , Jarczyk Jonas , Erben Philipp , Bahlinger Veronika , Goldschmidt Franziska , Fechner Guido , Chen Jack , Paxinos Ellen , Bates Michael , Zengerling Friedemann , Bolenz Christian , Burger Maximilian , Hartmann Arndt , Eckstein Markus
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate and compare the performance of urinary cytology and the Xpert BC Monitor test in the detection of bladder cancer in various clinically significant patient cohorts, including patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS), in a prospective multicentre setting, aiming to identify potential applications in clinical practice.

Patients and Methods

A total of 756 patients scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) were prospectively screened between July 2018 and December 2020 at six German University Centres. Central urinary cytology and Xpert BC Monitor tests were performed prior to TURBT. The diagnostic performance of urinary cytology and the Xpert BC Monitor was evaluated according to sensitivity (SN), specificity (SC), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV). Statistical comparison of urinary cytology and the Xpert BC Monitor was conducted using the McNemar test.

Results

Of 756 screened patients, 733 (568 male [78%]; median [interquartile range] age 72 [62–79] years) were included. Bladder cancer was present in 482 patients (65.8%) with 258 (53.5%) high‐grade tumours. Overall SN, SC, NPV and PPV were 39%, 93%, 44% and 92% for urinary cytology, and 75%, 69%, 59% and 82% for the Xpert BC Monitor. In patients with CIS (concomitant or solitary), SN, SC, NPV and PPV were 59%, 93%, 87% and 50% for urinary cytology, and 90%, 69%, 95% and 50% for the Xpert BC Monitor. The Xpert BC Monitor missed four tumours (NPV = 98%) in patients with solitary CIS, while potentially avoiding 63.3% of TURBTs in inconclusive or negative cystoscopy and a negative Xpert result.

Conclusion

Positive urinary cytology may indicate bladder cancer and should be taken seriously. The Xpert BC Monitor may represent a useful diagnostic tool for correctly identifying patients with solitary CIS and unsuspicious or inconclusive cystoscopy.
Measuring physicians' response to incentives: Labour supply, multitasking and earnings
Authors: Somé Nibene H. , Fortin Bernard , Shearer Bruce
Published: May 2024

Physicians are typically paid for services completed. Yet, they provide different types of services with different prices, introducing a multitasking element to their labour‐supply decisions. We show that optimal behaviour generates a maximum earnings function in which earnings depend on prices and total hours worked. Estimation by limited‐information methods identifies a lower bound to the own‐price substitution effect of a price change. Full‐information methods identify the full response to incentives, including income effects. We illustrate these methods on a sample of specialist physicians working in Québec, Canada. Our results suggest that the own‐price substitution effects of a price change are both economically and statistically significant. Income effects are present but overridden when prices increase for individual services. In contrast, in the presence of broad‐based fee increases, the income effect dominates the substitution effect, which leads physicians to reduce their supply of services.
Advanced tumor electric fields therapy: A review of innovative research and development and prospect of application in glioblastoma
Authors: Lan Jinxin , Liu Yuyang , Chen Junyi , Liu Hongyu , Feng Yaping , Liu Jialin , Chen Ling
Published: May 2024

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumor that remains incurable. The current standard treatment, which involves surgery along with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, only yields a survival time of 14–16 months. However, the introduction of tumor electric fields therapy (TEFT) has provided a glimmer of hope for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, as it has been shown to extend the median survival time to 20 months. The combination of TEFT and other advanced therapies is a promising trend in the field of GBM, facilitated by advancements in medical technology.

Aims

In this review, we provide a concise overview of the mechanism and efficacy of TEFT. In addition, we mainly discussed the innovation of TEFT and our proposed blueprint for TEFT implementation.

Conclusion

Tumor electric fields therapy is an effective and highly promising treatment modality for GBM. The full therapeutic potential of TEFT can be exploited by combined with other innovative technologies and treatments.
A randomized, double‐blind trial assessing the efficacy and safety of two doses of dulaglutide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐JPN)
Authors: Morioka Tomoaki , Takeuchi Masakazu , Ozeki Akichika , Emoto Masanori
Published: May 2024

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

A Phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted in Japanese participants aged ≥20 years, with T2D for ≥6 months and inadequate glycaemic control, while on a single oral antihyperglycaemic medication (NCT04809220). The primary objective was to evaluate superiority of dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg measured by mean change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 26 weeks. Other efficacy and safety endpoints were evaluated at 26 and 52 weeks. All statistical analyses were conducted using the intention‐to‐treat population.

Results

Overall, 591 participants were randomized to once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg or 0.75 mg. At Week 26, dulaglutide 1.5 mg was superior to dulaglutide 0.75 mg in HbA1c reduction from baseline (least squares mean [LSM] difference −0.29% [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.43, −0.14]). At Week 52, the dulaglutide 1.5‐mg arm had a significantly greater proportion of participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (46.3% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.03) and showed significantly greater reduction in fasting serum glucose (LSM difference −9.4 mg/dL [95% CI −14.4, −4.3]; p < 0.001) versus the dulaglutide 0.75‐mg arm. No statistically significant change in body weight was observed in either treatment arm. Overall, 442 participants (75.4%) experienced treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Constipation (11.3%), diarrhoea (9.6%) and pyrexia (9.0%) were the most commonly reported TEAEs.

Conclusions

Dulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly demonstrated superior glycaemic control versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg once weekly, with comparable safety and tolerability, in Japanese people with T2D.
Functional reorganization of North American wintering avifauna
Authors: Quimbayo Juan P. , Murphy Stephen J. , Jarzyna Marta A.
Published: May 2024

Wintering birds serve as vital climate sentinels, yet they are often overlooked in studies of avian diversity change. Here, we provide a continental‐scale characterization of change in multifaceted wintering avifauna and examine the effects of climate change on these dynamics. We reveal a strong functional reorganization of wintering bird communities marked by a north–south gradient in functional diversity change, along with a superimposed mild east–west gradient in trait composition change. Assemblages in the northern United States saw contractions of the functional space and increases in functional evenness and originality, while the southern United States saw smaller contractions of the functional space and stasis in evenness and originality. Shifts in functional diversity were underlined by significant reshuffling in trait composition, particularly pronounced in the western and northern United States. Finally, we find strong contributions of climate change to this functional reorganization, underscoring the importance of wintering birds in tracking climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Use of the combination of spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis and overnight oximetry to predict the outcomes of patients affected by motor neuron disease: The Milan‐Torin respiratory score (Mi‐To‐RS)
Authors: Schito Paride , Manera Umberto , Russo Tommaso , Cremona George , Riboldi Elisa , Tettamanti Andrea , Agosta Federica , Quattrini Angelo , Chiò Adriano , Filippi Massimo , Calvo Andrea , Riva Nilo
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

The use of multiple tests, including spirometry, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis and overnight oximetry (OvOx), is highly recommended to monitor the respiratory function of patients with motor neuron disease (MND). In this study, we propose a composite score to simplify the respiratory management of MND patients and better stratify their prognosis.

Materials and Methods

We screened the clinical charts of 471 non‐ventilated MND patients referred to the Neuro‐rehabilitation Unit of the San Raffaele Scientific Institute of Milan (January 2001–December 2019), collecting spirometric, ABG and OvOx parameters. To evaluate the prognostic role of each measurement, univariate Cox regression for death/tracheostomy was performed, and the variables associated with survival were selected to design a scoring system. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were then carried out to evaluate the prognostic role of the score. Finally, results were replicated in an independent cohort from the Turin ALS Center.

Results

The study population included 450 patients. Six measurements were found to be significantly associated with survival and were selected to design a scoring system (maximum score = 8 points). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant stratification of survival and time to non‐invasive mechanical ventilation adaptation according to score values, and multivariate analysis confirmed the independent effect of the respiratory score on survival of each cohort.

Conclusion

Forced vital capacity, ABG and OvOx parameters provide complementary information for the respiratory management and prognosis of MND patients and the combination of these parameters into a single score might help neurologists predict prognosis and guide decisions on the timing of the implementation of different diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
Glucagonlike peptide‐1 receptor agonists versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in ischemic strokes with diabetes 2
Authors: Hastrup Sidsel , Hedegaard Jakob Nebeling , Andersen Grethe , Rungby Jørgen , Johnsen Soren Paaske
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

Cardiovascular outcome trials demonstrate that glucagonlike peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) have not shown cardiovascular benefits. We compared acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with T2D treated with either a GLP‐1RA or DPP‐4i prior to the index stroke.

Methods

This national cohort study included AIS patients with T2D from 2017 to 2020 in Denmark who were users of a GLP‐1RA or DPP‐4i. To be categorized as a user, we required at least 12 months of exposure and no concurrent treatment with another newer glucose‐lowering medication during the last 3 months prior to the index stroke. GLP‐1RA users were compared to users of DPP‐4i while adjusting for the calendar year of index stroke, age, sex, comorbidity, and socioeconomic factors.

Results

The study included 1567 AIS events with T2D; 593 were users of GLP‐1RA and 974 of DPP‐4i. The absolute risk of a very severe stroke was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–3.7) in GLP‐1RA users and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.6–7.7) in DPP‐4i users. The corresponding adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of GLP‐1RA versus DPP‐4i was 0.49 (95% CI = 0.24–1.00). The aRRs of 30‐day and 365‐day mortality were 0.55 (95% CI = 0.32–0.94) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53–0.98), respectively.

Conclusions

The risk of a very severe stroke as well as the 30‐day and 365‐day poststroke mortality rates were lower among the AIS patients with comorbid T2D receiving GLP‐1RA prior to the index stroke compared to those receiving DPP‐4i. Hence, GLP‐1RA may improve stroke outcomes in comparison with DPP‐4i.
The Ne/N ratio in applied conservation
Authors: Waples Robin S.
Published: May 2024

Recent developments within the IUCN and the Convention on Biological Diversity have affirmed the increasingly key role that effective population size (Ne) and the effective size: census size ratio (Ne/N) play in applied conservation and management of global biodiversity. This paper reviews and synthesizes information regarding the definition of Ne and demographic and genetic methods for estimating effective size, census size, and their ratio. Emphasis is on single‐generation estimates of contemporary Ne/N, which are the most informative for practical applications. It is crucial to clearly define which individuals are included in the census size (N). Defining N as the number of adults alive at a given time facilitates comparisons across species. For a wide range of applications and experimental designs, inbreeding Ne is simpler to calculate and interpret than variance Ne. Effects of skewed sex ratio are generally modest, so most reductions to Ne/N arise from overdispersed (greater‐than‐Poisson) variance in offspring number (). Even when fecundity changes with age, overdispersed within‐age variance generally contributes most to overall , and both random and deterministic (mediated by selection) factors can be important. Most species are age‐structured, so it is important to distinguish between effective size per generation (Ne) and the effective number of breeders in one season or year (Nb). Both Ne and Nb are important for applied conservation and management. For iteroparous species, a key metric is variance in lifetime reproductive success (), which can be affected by a variety of additional factors, including variation in longevity, skip or intermittent breeding, and persistent individual differences in reproductive success. Additional factors that can be important for some species are also discussed, including mating systems, population structure, sex reversal, reproductive compensation, captive propagation, and delayed maturity.
In adult horses with diarrhoea, does faecal microbiota transplantation in addition to standard treatments improve the outcomes compared to standard treatments alone?
Authors: Smith Ellie , Mair Tim S.
Published: May 2024

Acute diarrhoea due to colitis/typhlocolitis is a life‐threatening disease of adult horses that is both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Treatments are predominantly supportive, including fluid therapy, colloid oncotic support and nutritional support. There are a lack of specific and effective therapies for equine colitis, providing a challenge in practice for the prevention of serious and fatal complications. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves the transfer of faecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual into another individual, with the aim of restoring a healthy gut microbiota and is often used as a ‘last resort’ therapy. This procedure has been recommended as a treatment for acute diarrhoea in horses and has proven efficacy in the treatment of some cases of acute diarrhoea in people. This critically appraised topic reviewed the published literature on the outcomes associated with faecal transplantation in adult horses affected by acute diarrhoea/colitis. Only six published studies met the inclusion criteria (including one systematic review). The studies found varying results regarding the efficacy of FMT in the treatment of colitis/diarrhoea in the adult horse but overall there was weak evidence to support the use of faecal transplantation in addition to other standard treatments for the management of adult horses affected by colitis, although further controlled studies of defined categories of disease are required.
Critical Science: A systematic literature review of empirical research (1979–2022)
Authors: Wanago Nicole C. , Alexander Karen L. , Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Miller Cynthia L. , Roberson Kyle L.
Published: May 2024

The Critical Science Approach (CSA) was developed in 1979 with the intent to create a consistent conceptual identity unifying the Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) profession's philosophy, knowledge, and practice. This systematic literature review examines empirical CSA research published between 1979 and 2022 to better understand what the CSA means for the profession. A total of 71 articles met the criteria with the CSA highly integrated in 22 of those articles. Results illustrate a need for increased CSA scholarship, continuity in keyword usage within the CSA language, and collaboration among preprofessional programs and professional organizations to support and sustain a CSA paradigm shift.
Complement receptor 4 mediates the clearance of extracellular tau fibrils by microglia
Authors: Yoo Chang Jae , Choi Youngtae , Bok Eugene , Lin Yuxi , Cheon Mookyung , Lee Young‐Ho , Kim Jaekwang
Published: May 2024

Tauopathies exhibit a characteristic accumulation of misfolded tau aggregates in the brain. Tau pathology shows disease‐specific spatiotemporal propagation through intercellular transmission, which is closely correlated with the progression of clinical manifestations. Therefore, identifying molecular mechanisms that prevent tau propagation is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for tauopathies. The various innate immune receptors, such as complement receptor 3 (CR3) and complement receptor 4 (CR4), have been reported to play a critical role in the clearance of various extracellular toxic molecules by microglia. However, their role in tau clearance has not been studied yet. In the present study, we investigated the role of CR3 and CR4 in regulating extracellular tau clearance. We found that CR4 selectively binds to tau fibrils but not to tau monomers, whereas CR3 does not bind to either of them. Inhibiting CR4, but not CR3, significantly reduces the uptake of tau fibrils by BV2 cells and primary microglia. By contrast, inhibiting CR4 has no effect on the uptake of tau monomers by BV2 cells. Furthermore, inhibiting CR4 suppresses the clearance of extracellular tau fibrils, leading to more seed‐competent tau fibrils remaining in the extracellular space relative to control samples. We also provide evidence that the expression of CR4 is upregulated in the brains of human Alzheimer's disease patients and the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy. Taken together, our data strongly support that CR4 is a previously undescribed receptor for the clearance of tau fibrils in microglia and may represent a novel therapeutic target for tauopathy.