bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The levels of follicular fluid cell-free mitochondrial DNA could serve as a biomarker for pregnancy success in patients with small ovarian endometriosis cysts
Authors: Huo Ping , Zhang Ning , Zhang Pingping , Wu Xiaohua
Published: November 2020

Ovarian endometriosis cyst (OEC) is caused by the growth of ectopic endometrium into the ovarian cortex, leading to disrupted ovarian cortical structures and infertility. Large OECs are usually surgically removed, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) is required for future pregnancy. The oocyte reserve and development of patients with small non-surgical OECs are unknown. In this study, we compared mitochondrial abnormality, ATPase and IF1 mRNA expression levels, and OXPHO complex proteins between OEC vs control mural granulosa cells (mGCs).

OEC mGCs show fewer mitochondria per cell, a higher proportion of aberrant morphology, lower ATPase mRNA levels, higher IF1 mRNA levels, and impaired expression of 3 of the 5 critical proteins involved in the OXPHOS complex, compared with control mGCs. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) levels are higher in the follicular fluid of patients with OEC and were inversely associated with the expression of mtDNA in mGCs and cumulus granulosa cells (cGCs).

Taken together, this study indicates that small non-surgical OECs lead to poor quality of oocytes and subsequent embryos during ART compared with control, which was accompanied by mGC mitochondrial dysfunction. mGC and cGC mtDNA and FF cfmtDNA might serve as efficient biomarkers for the non-invasive prediction of pregnancy outcomes in patients with OEC undergoing ART.
Usefulness of controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement for detecting increased arterial stiffness in asymptomatic populations in China
Authors: Yu Xin-yan , Song Xiao-xiao , Tong Yu-ling , Wu Ling-yan , Song Zhen-ya
Published: November 2020

In recent studies, vibration-controlled transient elastography (FibroScan) has been reported as an alternative noninvasive approach for measuring liver steatosis and fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the detection of increased arterial stiffness in asymptomatic populations in China.

A retrospective cohort recruiting 4747 asymptomatic patients with no underlying causes of liver disease and having FibroScan and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) during wellness check-up was covered. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was defined as a CAP ≥238 dB/m. NAFLD with significant fibrosis was defined as an LSM ≥7.3 kPa in the presence of NAFLD. Increased arterial stiffness was determined as a BaPWV ≥1.4m/second.

Among the 4747 study participants, 1596 subjects (33.6%) suffered from increased arterial stiffness. The prevalence of increased arterial stiffness progressively increased across CAP quartiles and LSM quartiles in NAFLD (23.5%, 30.8%, 38.3%, 43.7%, P < .001 and 33.1%, 36.8%, 40.4%, 48.2%, P < .001, respectively). After conventional cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted (age, sex, overweight, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and current smoking habits), multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CAP (odd ratio [OR] = 1.005; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.006; P < .001), NAFLD (OR = 1.427; 95% CI: 1.212–1.681; P < .001), LSM in NAFLD (OR = 1.073; 95% CI: 1.023–1.125; P = .003), and significant fibrosis in NAFLD (OR = 1.480; 95% CI: 1.090–2.010; P = .012) were independently associated with increased arterial stiffness. Furthermore, in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, OR (95% CI) for the maximal vs. the minimal quartile of CAP was 1.602 (1.268–2.024), and that of LSM in NAFLD was 1.362 (1.034–1.792) after adjustment for the above-mentioned risk factors. Notably, NAFLD and significant fibrosis in NAFLD were significantly correlated only with increased arterial stiffness in subjects without hypertension or diabetes mellitus after adjustment for the above-mentioned risk factors.

CAP-defined NAFLD and LSM-defined significant fibrosis in NAFLD showed significant and independent relationships with increased arterial stiffness even after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, which can be conducive to stratifying relative risk of subjects having undergone screening assessment for cardiovascular disease.
Correlation between lncRNA SNHG16 gene polymorphism and its interaction with environmental factors and susceptibility to colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhang Yuefeng , Jin Jianjiang , Gu Xuewei
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To study the relationship between long-chain non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (lncRNA SNHG16) polymorphisms and its interaction with environmental factors and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods:

Sanger sequencing was used to analyze genotypes of lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, and rs15278 sites. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to analyze interactions between lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, rs15278 sites, and environmental factors. Haploview 4.1 software was used to analyze linkage disequilibrium of lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, and rs15278 sites. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze plasma lncRNA SNHG16 levels of CRC patients and control subjects.

Results:

Variation of the lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353 site A>G variation was associated with decreased CRC susceptibility (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.62, P < .01). The rs8038 site G>A and rs15278 site A>G variation were associated with increased CRC susceptibility (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.47–2.36, P < .01). The rs15278 site G>A variation was associated with increased CRC susceptibility (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.61–3.11, P < .01). Interaction combinations featuring age, rs7353, rs8038, and rs15278 single nucleotide polymorphism are 13.53 times more susceptible to CRC than other interactions (95% CI: 9.43–19.41, P < .01). The rs15278, rs8038, and rs7353 site AGA haplotypes were significantly associated with a decreased CRC risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88, P = .01), AAG haplotypes were significantly associated with an increased CRC risk (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.27–3.17, P < .01). High lncRNA SNHG16 expression was associated with tumor progression in CRC patients (χ2 = 8.85, P = .03). The rs7353 site A>G variation caused a significant decrease in plasma lncRNA SNHG16 level (P < .01), while the rs8038 site G>A variation and rs15278 site A>G variation resulted in increased plasma lncRNA SNHG16 levels.

Conclusion:

Polymorphisms of lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, rs15278 loci and their interaction with age are significantly associated with CRC susceptibility.
Chest compressions quality during sudden cardiac arrest scenario performed in virtual reality
Authors: Jaskiewicz Filip , Kowalewski Dawid , Starosta Katarzyna , Cierniak Marcin , Timler Dariusz
Published: November 2020

Potential attributes of virtual reality (VR) can be a breakthrough in the improvement of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) training. However, interference with the virtual world is associated with the need of placing additional equipment on the trainee's body. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate if it does not affect the quality of chest compressions (CCs).

91 voluntarily included in the study medical students participated twice in the scenario of SCA – Traditional Scenario (TS) and Virtual Reality Scenario (VRS). In both cases two minutes of resuscitation was performed.

If VRS was the first scenario there were significant differences in CCs depth (VRS - Me = 47 mm [IQR 43 – 52] vs TS - Me = 48 mm [IQR 43 – 55]; P = .02) and chest relaxation (VRS - Me = 37% [IQR 5 – 91] vs TS - Me = 97% [IQR 87 – 100]; P < .001). 97.8% of respondents believe that training with the use of VR is more effective than a traditional method (P < .01). Most of the study group (91%, P < .01) denied any negative symptoms during the VR scenario.

Virtual reality can be a safe and highly valued by medical students, method of hands-on CPR training. However additional VR equipment placed on the trainee's body may cause chest compressions harder to provide. If it is not preceded by traditional training, the use of VR may have an adverse impact on depth and full chest relaxation during the training. To make the best use of all the potential that virtual reality offers, future studies should focus on finding the most effective way to combine VR with traditional skill training in CPR courses curriculum.
Effect of pharmaceutical care on the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Niu Jiali , Chen Hongjun , Chen Kaixia , Liu Yin , Ju Feng , Xue Ting , Yin Dengyang , Li Chaoqun , Yin Chunxia , Jiao Lingyun , Zhao Guangyu , Huang Jixun
Published: November 2020

Background:

We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the effect of pharmaceutical care on the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:

All case-controlled studies related to pharmaceutical care on the treatment of COVID-19 will be included in this review. We will use index words related to pharmaceutical care and COVID-19 to perform literature searches in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, to include articles indexed as of October 20, 2020 in English and Chinese language. Two reviewers will select trials independently for inclusion and assess trial quality. Two pairs of review authors will independently extract information for each included trials. Primary outcomes are clinical outcomes, average hospital stays, costs, patient satisfaction, and incidence of adverse drug reactions. We will evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies based on Cochrane assessment tool. Revman 5.3 (the Cochrane collaboration, Oxford, UK) will be used for heterogeneity assessment, generating funnel-plots, data synthesis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis.

Results:

We will provide targeted and practical results assessing the effect of pharmaceutical care on the treatment of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The stronger evidence about the effect of pharmaceutical care on the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided for clinicians.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020214223

Ethics and dissemination:

There is no need for ethical approval, and the review will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal.
Association of Val158Met polymorphism in COMT gene with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder
Authors: Kang Peipei , Luo Limei , Peng Xiling , Wang Yanhu
Published: November 2020

Background:

The results of published articles on the relationship between the Val158Met polymorphism in the (Catechol-O-methyltransferase) COMT gene and the susceptibility of attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) are controversial. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of case-control studies to assess the relationship between Val158Met polymorphism in COMT gene and ADHD susceptibility.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all the case-control studies on the relationship between the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism and ADHD susceptibility. According to the heterogeneity test results among studies evaluated with I

2
, the fixed effect model or random effect model was selected as the pooling method. Meta-regression as well as sensitive analysis were used to explore possible causes of between-study heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Harbord test were used to estimate publication bias.

Results:

Finally, seventeen studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The Val158Met genotype distributions of COMT gene in controls were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in all studies. In general, there was no significant association between the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism and ADHD susceptibility in dominant, recessive, and codominant models. The recessive genetic model (I

2
 = 60.8%) showed strong heterogeneity among studies, and still no significant association was found after sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian) also showed that there was no significant association in the above-mentioned three models.

Conclusions:

This updated meta-analysis indicated that the Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene may not be related to the risk of ADHD. Further researches are needed to confirm these results.
Bioinformatic analysis of the pathogenic mechanism of talaromyces marneffei infection
Authors: Cen Jiemei , Chen Jiarui , Qiu Ye , Zeng Wen , Zhang Jianquan
Published: November 2020

Background:

Talaromyces marneffei (T marneffei), known as a significant pathogen in patients with AIDS in Southeast Asia, is a dimorphic fungus, which can cause deadly systematic infection in immunocompromised hosts. What is more, the dimorphic phase transition has been reported as a conspicuous process linked with virulence. Interestingly, the yeast form was found in infected individuals, representing the pathogenic phase. However, few researches were found to study the mechanism of dimorphic transition. Thus, a diverse insight into the dimorphic switch mechanism, is urgently needed and we are the first one to research the mechanism of dimorphism.

Methods:

Firstly, we investigated the microarray of T. marneffei in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8 was employed to analyze the underlying enrichment and pathway in biological process of DEGs. Meanwhile, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING database. On the strength of the theory that similar amino acid sequences share similar structures, which play a decisive role on the function of protein, three dimensional structures of hub-genes were predicted to further investigate the likely function of hub-genes.

Results:

GSE51109 was elected as the eligible series for the purpose of our research, including GSM1238923 (GSM23), GSM1238924 (GSM24), and GSM1238925 (GSM25). PMAA_012920, PMAA_028730, PMAA_068140, PMAA_092900, PMAA_032350 were the most remarkable genes in all of the three PPI networks, thus, were viewed as hub-genes. With regard to the three-dimensional construction, except that there was no significant prediction structure of PMAA_092900 with the criterion seq identify > 30%, GMQE: 0-1, QMEAN4: -4-0, the parallel templates for four structures were Crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevesiae mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in complex with isocitrate, Organellar two-pore channels (TPCs), Yeast Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Apo Form) and Crystal Structure Of ATP-Dependent Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase From Thermus thermophilus HB8 in order.

Conclusion:

The dimorphic transition of T. marneffei was viewed as a pathogenic factor and DEGs were observed. In-depth study of the function and pathway of DEGs revealed that PMAA_012920, PMAA_028730, PMAA_068140, PMAA_092900, PMAA_032350 were most likely acting as the hub-genes and were likely taking effect through regulating energy metabolism.
Association of transferrin G258A and transferrin receptor A82G polymorphisms with the risk of Parkinson disease in certain area
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Yong , Zhou Minhua , Jiang Deqi , Deng Xun
Published: November 2020

Background:

It has been reported that polymorphisms of transferrin (TF) G258A and transferrin receptor (TFR) A82G might be associated with susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PD).

Objective:

Owing to limitation of sample size and inconclusive results, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association.

Methods:

By searching PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biological Medicine Database, and Wanfang Databases, the published articles about studies of the association of the TF G258A, TFR A82G gene polymorphisms with the risk of PD were collected. Q-statistics and I
2 statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were evaluated the association.

Results:

Five studies assessed the relationship between TF G258A and risk of PD. A significant increased protective of A allele and AA genotype was observed in allele model and recessive model (the allele model A vs G: OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.40–0.72, P < .001; the recessive model AA vs GA + GG: OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.20–0.52, P < .001). The remaining models of the TF G258A genotype showed no significant association with PD risk, while the protective tendency were increased (the heterozygote model GA vs GG: OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.61–1.43, P = .75; the homozygous model AA vs GG: OR = 0.47, 95%CI 0.21–1.04, P = .06; the dominant model GA + AA vs GG: OR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.50–1.11, P = .15). There was also a lack of association between TFR A82G polymorphism and PD (the allele model G vs A: OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.75–1.13, P = .43; the heterozygote model AG vs AA: OR = 1.17, 95%CI 0.79–1.71, P = .43; the homozygous model GG vs AA: OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.60–139, P = .66; the dominant model AG + GG vs AA: OR = 1.05, 95%CI 0.73–1.49, P = .81; the recessive model GG vs AG +AA: OR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.59–1.09, P = .16).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that TF G258A polymorphism may be associated with PD, while TFR A82G polymorphism may not contribute to PD based on the current evidence.
CD74, a novel predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Authors: Gao Junyan , Wu Mingfu , Wang Fudong , Jiang Lijun , Tian Rui , Zhu Xueping , He Shan
Published: November 2020

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication and accounts for high morbidity and mortality of preterm infants. The present study aimed to identify the key genes in the development of BPD and to provide some new insights into the pathogenesis of BPD. The GSE108754 dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database containing 5 samples of BPD patients and 6 of non-BPD infants. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BPD and non-BPD patients were identified by R software. The pathway and function enrichment analyses were performed through Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery website. The protein-protein interaction network for DEGs was established by Cytoscape software and the most highly connected module was selected through MCODE plugin. Furthermore, the clinical sample verification among 25 BPD patients and 10 non-BPD infants was carried out in our center. Finally, based on the results above, the gene set enrichment analysis focusing on CD74 upregulated status was employed. Totally, 189 DEGs including 147 upregulated genes and 42 downregulated genes between BPD and non-BPD patients were screened out. The pathway and function enrichments revealed these DEGs were mainly enriched in asthma, intestinal immune network for IgA production, antigen processing and presentation and immune response. Thirteen DEGs (CD74, HLA-DMA, HLA-DRA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DOA, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DQA2, and HLA-DQB1) were determined as hub genes. The mRNA expression levels of the 13 hub genes were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction among our clinical samples. Eventually, CD74 was confirmed to be the most significant highly expressed in BPD samples (P < .001) and its expression level was negatively correlated with gestational age (r = –0.653) and birth weight (r = –0.675). The gene set enrichment analysis results showed the gene sets associated with lupus erythematosus, viral myocarditis, immune network for IgA production, graft versus host disease, cell adhesion molecules and so no were differentially enriched with the phenotype of high-expression CD74. In conclusion, CD74 may serve to predict the BPD development and provide a new therapeutic target for BPD.
The Effectiveness of Lumbar Supports
Authors: Lurati Ann Regina
Published: November 2020

Nonspecific back pain is a common complaint, especially among older people. Traditionally, nonspecific back pain has been associated with heavy physical activities. However, static activities such as prolonged sitting and standing are contributing factors to nonspecific lumbar pain as well. Lumbar orthoses, such as belts, have been used for heavy physical activity to alleviate or even prevent back pain; however, studies have been inconclusive as to their effectiveness. Furthermore, the use of lumbar orthosis for prolonged sitting and standing is questionable. This case study and review examines the general effectiveness of lumbar orthosis for a variety of activities, including prolonged standing and sitting. The findings provide implications for orthopaedic nurses in occupational settings.
Emergence of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas asiatica and Pseudomonas monteilii from Japan harbouring an acquired gene encoding a carbapenemase VIM-2
Authors: Tohya Mari , Uechi Kohei , Tada Tatsuya , Hishinuma Tomomi , Kinjo Takeshi , Ohshiro Takeya , Maeda Shiro , Kirikae Teruo , Fujita Jiro
Published: November 2020

Pseudomonas asiatica

and

Pseudomonas monteilii

, belonging to the

Pseudomonas putida

phylogenetic group, are occasionally isolated from clinical samples, partly because they are often misidentified as

P. putida

in clinical laboratories. There are five reports describing carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of these species. Carbapenem-resistant strains of

P. asiatica

and

P. monteilii

were isolated from stool samples. These isolates were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and reidentified using average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on comparisons of their whole-genome sequences using the OrthoANI algorithm. The clonal relatedness of the isolates was assessed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The size of plasmids conveying bla
VIM-2 was examined by Southern blotting. A total of six carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of

P. asiatica

(two isolates) and

P. monteilii

(four isolates) were obtained from stool samples from five patients in a Japanese hospital. All isolates harboured blaVIM-2
. The two isolates of

P. asiatica

had a different pattern in the PFGE analysis, with both having a 23 kb plasmid. Of the four isolates of

P. monteilii

with similar patterns in the PFGE analysis, three had 320 kb plasmids and one had a 240 kb plasmid. The genetic environments of the 320/240 kb and 23 kb plasmids differed. The results strongly indicated that carbapenem-resistant

P. asiatica

and

P. monteilii

producing metallo-β-lactamase are emerging in Japan. This is the first report of carbapenem-resistant

P. asiatica

and

P. monteilii

in Japan.
Rapid identification of bacteria directly from positive blood cultures by a modified method using a serum separator tube and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization – time of flight MS
Authors: Carretero Octavio , Rivas Gonzalo , Loras Cristina , Orellana M. Angeles
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Several studies have used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF) with a serum separator tube (SST) to perform rapid identification of microorganisms directly from positive blood cultures (BCs), with different performances and methodologies.

Hypothesis / Gap Statement. The use of TSS could significantly reduce the time of identification of microorganisms that produce bacteremia.

Aim. Our goals were to evaluate bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF using a method based on an SST and compare it with MALDI-TOF after subculture for 18–24 h.

Methodology. BCs no more than 1 h after a positive growth signal were included in the study. Analysis of results was expressed as a score. Information about time to a positive signal and number of microorganisms was collected.

Results. In total, 253 BCs were analysed; 45.5 % gave a reliable result, 23.3 % an unreliable result and 31.2 % an error in identification. In gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, the percentages of reliable results were 83.5 and 21.8 %, respectively. According to time to positive signal, the percentages of correct identification and mean score were 81.1 % (99/122) and 1.89±0.30 in Group 1 (<15 h); and 57.2 % (75/131) and 1.70±0.32 in Group 2 (>15 h), respectively (P <0.001). According to the number of microorganisms, the corresponding percentages of correct identification and mean scores were: Group 1 [≤50 microorganisms observed per field (MOF)], 50/94 (53.19 %) and 1.72±0.32; Group 2 (51–100 MOF): 44/66 (66.67 %) and 1.85±0.34; Group 3 (>100 MOF): 79/93 (84.94 %) and 1.84±0.31.

Conclusion. This method allowed us to obtain a high percentage of the aetiological agent of bacteraemia in less than 30 min after a positive BC.
Peginterferon Lambda-1a for treatment of outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jagannathan Prasanna , Andrews Jason R. , Bonilla Hector , Hedlin Haley , Jacobson Karen B. , Balasubramanian Vidhya , Purington Natasha , Kamble Savita , de Vries Christiaan R. , Quintero Orlando , Feng Kent , Ley Catherine , Winslow Dean , Newberry Jennifer , Edwards Karlie , Hislop Colin , Choong Ingrid , Maldonado Yvonne , Glenn Jeffrey , Bhatt Ami , Blish Catherine , Wang Taia , Khosla Chaitan , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Desai Manisha , Parsonnet Julie , Singh Upinder
Published: November 2020

Type III interferons have been touted as promising therapeutics in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 120 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 to determine whether a single, 180 mcg subcutaneous dose of Peginterferon Lambda-1a (Lambda) could shorten the duration of viral shedding (primary endpoint) or symptoms (secondary endpoint, NCT04331899). In both the 60 patients receiving Lambda and the 60 receiving placebo, the median time to cessation of viral shedding was 7 days (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56 to 1.19). Symptoms resolved in 8 and 9 days in Lambda and placebo, respectively (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.39). At enrollment; 41% of subjects were SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositive; compared to placebo, lambda tended to delay shedding cessation in seronegatives (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.39-1.10) and to hasten shedding cessation in seropositives (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 0.88-2.86; p for interaction = 0.03). Liver transaminase elevations were more common in the Lambda vs. placebo arm (15/60 vs 5/60; p = 0.027). In this study, a single dose of subcutaneous Peginterferon Lambda-1a neither shortened the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding nor improved symptoms in outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19.
Diagnostic accuracy of two commercial SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-detecting rapid tests at the point of care in community-based testing centers
Authors: Berger Alice , Ngo Nsoga Marie Therese , Perez-Rodriguez Francisco Javier , Aad Yasmine Abi , Sattonnet-Roche Pascale , Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Jaksic Cyril , Torriani Giulia , Boehm Erik , Kronig Ilona , Sacks Jilian A. , de Vos Margaretha , Bausch Frédérique Jacquerioz , Chappuis François , Kaiser Laurent , Schibler Manuel , Eckerle Isabella ,   for the Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases
Published: November 2020

Background

Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 offer new opportunities for the quick and laboratory-independent identification of infected individuals for control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods

We performed a prospective, single-center, point of care validation of two antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) in comparison to RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs.

Findings

Between October 9th and 23rd, 2020, 1064 participants were enrolled. The Panbio™Covid-19 Ag Rapid Test device (Abbott) was validated in 535 participants, with 106 positive Ag-RDT results out of 124 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI: 78.0–91.2). Specificity was 100.0% (95% CI: 99.1–100) in 411 RT-PCR negative individuals. The Standard Q Ag-RDT (SD Biosensor, Roche) was validated in 529 participants, with 170 positive Ag-RDT results out of 191 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 83.7–93.1). One false positive result was obtained in 338 RT-PCR negative individuals, yielding a specificity of 99.7% (95%CI: 98.4–100). For individuals presenting with fever 1-5 days post symptom onset, combined Ag-RDT sensitivity was above 95%.

Interpretation

We provide an independent validation of two widely available commercial Ag-RDTs, both meeting WHO criteria of ≥80% sensitivity and ≥97% specificity. Although less sensitive than RT-PCR, these assays could be beneficial due to their rapid results, ease of use, and independence from existing laboratory structures. Testing criteria focusing on patients with typical symptoms in their early symptomatic period onset could further increase diagnostic value.

Funding

Foundation of Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Fondation privée des HUG, Pictet Charitable Foundation.
Distribution of Incubation Period of COVID-19 in the Canadian Context: Modeling and Computational Study
Authors: Paul Subhendu , Lorin Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

We propose an original model based on a set of coupled delay differential equations with fourteen delays in order to accurately estimate the incubation period of COVID-19, employing publicly available data of confirmed corona cases. In this goal, we separate the total cases into fourteen groups for the corresponding fourteen incubation periods. The estimated mean incubation period we obtain is 6.74 days (95% Confidence Interval(CI): 6.35 to 7.13), and the 90thpercentile is 11.64 days (95% CI: 11.22 to 12.17), corresponding to a good agreement with statistical supported studies. This model provides an almost zero-cost approach to estimate the incubation period.
Antibody-dependent enhancement representingin vitroinfective progeny virus titer correlates with the viremia level in dengue patients
Authors: Yamanaka Atsushi , Imad Hisham Ahmed , Phumratanaprapin Weerapong , Phadungsombat Juthamas , Konishi Eiji , Shioda Tatsuo
Published: November 2020

Dengue virus (DENV) distributes throughout tropical and subtropical countries and causes dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever in humans. Some DF patients suddenly develop severe symptoms after the defervescent period. Although the pathogenic mechanism of the severe symptoms has not been fully elucidated, the viremia level in the early phase has been shown to correlate with the disease severity. One of the hypotheses is that a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection leads to a high level of viremia. To examine the plausibility of this hypothesis, we examined the relationship betweenin vitroADE activity andin vivoviral load quantity in six patients with dengue diseases. An autologous DENV strain was isolated from each of the six patients. Blood samples were then collected at multiple time points between the acute and defervescent phases, and the balance between neutralizing and enhancing activities against the autologous and prototype viruses was examined. As the antibody levels against DENV were rapidly increased, ADE activity was decreased over time or partially maintained against some viruses at low serum dilution. In addition, positive correlations were observed between ADE activity representingin vitroprogeny virus production and viremia levels in patient plasma samples. Therefore, the measurement of ADE activity in dengue-seropositive samples may help to predict the impact of viral load in the subsequent DENV infection.

IMPORTANCE

It has not been fully elucidated how the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) affects the pathogenesis of severe dengue diseases, although high viremia levels have been epidemiologically demonstrated to be associated with the disease severity. Here, we show that ADE in the acute-phase patient sera exhibited significantly different activities against autologous and lab strains than ADE in the defervescent-phase sera. Further, the enhancement of progeny virus production activity, which is one of the factors to evaluate ADEin vitro, was significantly correlated with the levels of viral load in the patient blood circulation. This suggests that measurement of thein vitroenhancing progeny virus titers might be used to predict the impact ofin vivoDENV viremia level. Our present findings could contribute to a method to forecast disease severity for seropositive populations who would be at risk of developing severe disease in the event of heterotypic DENV infection.
What have we learned so far about COVID-19 volunteering in the UK? A rapid review of the literature
Authors: Mao Guanlan , Fernandes-Jesus Maria , Ntontis Evangelos , Drury John
Published: November 2020

Background

Community engagement and volunteering are essential for the public response to COVID-19. Since March 2020 a large number of people in the UK have been regularly doing unpaid activities to benefit others besides their close relatives. Although most mutual aid groups emerged from local neighbourhoods and communities, official public institutions also fostered community volunteering, namely through the community champions scheme. By considering a broad definition of COVID-19 volunteering, this article describes a systematic review of the literature focused on two broad questions: What have we learned so far from COVID-19 volunteering both at the UK national level and the more local community level? What have we learned from engagement with local communities and community champions during the COVID-19 period?

Methods

A rapid review of the literature in peer-reviewed databases and grey literature was applied in our search, following the PRISMA principles. The search was conducted from 10 to 16 of October 2020, and sources were included on the basis of having been published between January and October 2020, focusing on COVID-19 and addressing community groups, volunteering groups, volunteers, or community champions in the UK.

Results

After initial screening, a total of 40 relevant sources were identified. From these, 28 were considered eligible. Findings suggest that food shopping and emotional support were the most common activities, but there were diverse models of organisation and coordination in COVID-19 volunteering. Additionally, community support groups seem to be adjusting their activities and scope of action to current needs and challenges. Volunteers were mostly women, middle-class, highly educated, and working-age people. Social networks and connections, local knowledge, and social trust were key dimensions associated with community organising and volunteering. Furthermore, despite the efforts of a few official public institutions and councils, there has been limited community engagement and collaboration with volunteering groups and other community-based organisations.

Conclusions

We identified important factors for fostering community engagement and COVID volunteering as well as gaps in the current literature. We suggest that future research should be directed towards deepening knowledge on sustaining community engagement, collaboration and community participation over time, during and beyond this pandemic.
Correcting B0 inhomogeneity-induced distortions in whole-body diffusion MRI of bone
Authors: Digma Leonardino A. , Feng Christine H. , Conlin Christopher C. , Rodríguez-Soto Ana E. , Zhong Allison Y. , Hussain Troy S. , Lui Asona , Batra Kanha , Simon Aaron B. , Karunamuni Roshan , Kuperman Joshua , Rakow-Penner Rebecca , Hahn Michael E. , Dale Anders M. , Seibert Tyler M.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the musculoskeletal system has various applications, including visualization of bone tumors. However, DWI acquired with echo-planar imaging is susceptible to distortions due to static magnetic field inhomogeneities. This study aimed to estimate spatial displacements of bone and to examine whether distortion corrected DWI images more accurately reflect underlying anatomy.

Methods

Whole-body MRI data from 127 prostate cancer patients were analyzed. The reverse polarity gradient (RPG) technique was applied to DWI data to estimate voxel-level distortions and to produce a distortion corrected DWI dataset. First, an anatomic landmark analysis was conducted, in which corresponding vertebral landmarks on DWI and anatomic T2-weighted images were annotated. Changes in distance between DWI- and T2-defined landmarks (i.e., changes in error) after distortion correction were calculated. In secondary analyses, distortion estimates from RPG were used to assess spatial displacements of bone metastases. Lastly, changes in mutual information between DWI and T2-weighted images of bone metastases after distortion correction were calculated.

Results

Distortion correction reduced anatomic error of vertebral DWI up to 29 mm. Error reductions were consistent across subjects (Wilcoxon signed-rank p<10−20). On average (±SD), participants’ largest error reduction was 11.8 mm (±3.6). Mean (95% CI) displacement of bone lesions was 6.0 mm (95% CI: 5.1-7.0); maximum displacement was 17.1 mm. Corrected diffusion images were more similar to structural MRI, as evidenced by consistent increases in mutual information (Wilcoxon signed-rank p<10−12).

Discussion

These findings support the use of distortion correction techniques to improve localization of bone on DWI.

Key Points

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Diffusion weighted images of bone tissue undergo substantial spatial distortions when acquired with echo-planar imaging.

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These distortions can be efficiently corrected with the reverse polarity gradient technique to generate diffusion images that more accurately reflect underlying anatomy.

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In the context of bone tumor imaging where precise localization may be required, distortion correction techniques, such as reverse polarity gradient, should be applied.
Morphological and physiological effects of a single amino acid substitution in the patatin-like phospholipase CapV inEscherichia coli
Authors: Li Fengyang , Bähre Heike , Rohde Manfred , Römling Ute
Published: November 2020

In rod-shaped bacteria morphological plasticity occurs in response to stress, which blocks cell division to promote filamentation. We demonstrate here that overexpression of the patatin-like phospholipase variant CapVQ329Rbut not CapV causes pronouncedsulA-independent pyridoxine-inhibited cell filamentation and restriction of swimming and flagella production ofEscherichia coliK-12 derivative MG1655. Mutational analyses of CapVQ329Rindicated conserved amino acids in canonical patatin-like phospholipase A motifs, but not the nucleophilic serine to be required for the observed phenotypes. Furthermore, CapVQ329Ralters rdar biofilm formation including expression of the biofilm activator CsgD. Moreover, commensal and pathogenicE. colistrains andSalmonella typhimuriumalso responded with cell filamentation and alteration in biofilm formation. In conclusion, this work identifies the CapV variant CapVQ329Ras a pleiotropic regulator, emphasizes a scaffold function for patatin-like phospholipases and highlights the role of a single amino acid change for the evolution of protein functionality.
Affinity series of genetically encoded high sensitivity Förster Resonance Energy Transfer sensors for sucrose
Authors: Sadoine Mayuri , Reger Mira , Wong Ka Man , Frommer Wolf B.
Published: November 2020

Genetically encoded fluorescent sugar sensors are valuable tools for the discovery of transporters and for quantitative monitoring of sugar steady-state levels in intact tissues. Genetically encoded Förster Resonance Energy Transfer sensors for glucose have been designed and optimized extensively, and a full series of affinity mutants is available forin vivostudies. However, to date, only a single improved sensor FLIPsuc-90µΔ1 with a Kmfor sucrose of ∼90 µM is available for sucrose monitoring. This sucrose sensor was engineered on the basis of anAgrobacterium tumefacienssugar binding protein. Here, we took a two-step approach to first systematically improve the dynamic range of the FLIPsuc nanosensor and then expand the detection range from micromolar to millimolar sucrose concentrations by mutating a key residue in the binding site. The resulting series of sucrose sensors may allow systematic investigation of sucrose transporter candidates and comprehensivein vivoanalyses of sucrose concentration in plants. Since FLIPsuc-90µ also detects trehalose in animal cells, the new series of sensors can be used to investigate trehalose transporter candidates and monitor trehalose steady-state levelsin vivoas well.
Hsp22 is the key sensor and balancer in mitochondrial dynamic associated metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Wei Zaiwa , Cui Ying , Wen Xueyi , Wang Wenjing , Mo Jingxin , Liao Rujia , Hu Yanmei , Zhou Quan , Shi Fang , Peng Tianchan , Tian Ning , Tang Yafang , Wei Lili , Li Liangxian , Wei Xiaoli , Li Qinghua
Published: November 2020

Altered mitochondrial dynamics are commonly seen in tumors and Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the exact mechanism is unclear. We observed in tumor and PD flies, interference of mitochondrial fission or fusion reverses metabolic reprogramming and attenuates pathogenic phenotypes, indicating the rebalanced mitochondrial dynamics can re-establish cellular homeostasis. Surprisingly, we found Hsp22 is highly induced in tumor and PD flies. Hence, Hsp22 overexpression, not only suppressed RAS tumor flies, hepatocellular carcinoma mice, but also rescued PINK1B9PD flies associating with restored mitochondrial homeostasis and reversing metabolic reprogramming. We speculate that mitochondrial dynamics is normally in a constant dynamic equilibrium, as if on a continually oscillating seesaw, tumor and PD are like the two extreme states of the seesaw which can be corrected by the promising target, Hsp22.

One Sentence Summary

Mitochondrial dynamics defects including tumor and PD lead to metabolic reprogramming accompanied with Hsp22 induction, vice versa, overexpression of Hsp22 reverses the mitochondrial dynamic dysfunction caused pathogenic metabolism.
Projection-based augmented reality system for assembly guidance and monitoring
Authors: Chen Chengjun , Tian Zhongke , Li Dongnian , Pang Lieyong , Wang Tiannuo , Hong Jun
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study aims to monitor and guide the assembly process. The operators need to change the assembly process according to the products’ specifications during manual assembly of mass customized production. Traditional information inquiry and display methods, such as manual lookup of assembly drawings or electronic manuals, are inefficient and error-prone.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a projection-based augmented reality system (PBARS) for assembly guidance and monitoring. The system includes a projection method based on viewpoint tracking, in which the position of the operator’s head is tracked and the projection images are changed correspondingly. The assembly monitoring phase applies a method for parts recognition. First, the pixel local binary pattern (PX-LBP) operator is achieved by merging the classical LBP operator with the pixel classification process. Afterward, the PX-LBP features of the depth images are extracted and the randomized decision forests classifier is used to get the pixel classification prediction image (PCPI). Parts recognition and assembly monitoring is performed by PCPI analysis.

Findings

The projection image changes with the viewpoint of the human body, hence the operators always perceive the three-dimensional guiding scene from different viewpoints, improving the human-computer interaction. Part recognition and assembly monitoring were achieved by comparing the PCPIs, in which missing and erroneous assembly can be detected online.

Originality/value

This paper designed the PBARS to monitor and guide the assembly process simultaneously, with potential applications in mass customized production. The parts recognition and assembly monitoring based on pixels classification provides a novel method for assembly monitoring.
The differentiated CSR activities and corporate value
Authors: Kim Sang Il , Kim Kyung Tae
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) index represents attributes of firms that are differentiated. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of differentiated CSR, CSRS (strategic CSR activities) and CSRD (defensive CSR activities) on R&D expenditure and its effectiveness on firm values.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample includes 1,388 firm-year observations for 2004–2015 of listed firms on the Korean Stock Exchange (KSE) whose CSR measures, KEJI (Korea Economic Justice Institute) index are available from the Citizens' Coalition for Economic Justice (2016).

Findings

The results show that while CSRS is positively associated with R&D expenditure, CSRD is not. Further, development costs and its interaction term with CSRS positively affect firm values.

Originality/value

This study provides an important reason to separate the attributes of the CSR in future empirical studies. The results imply that the study of effects of CSR on sustainable growth or firm values should focus on CSRS rather than CSR activities in general in future research.
Ambidexterity in collaborative new product development processes
Authors: Hald Kim Sundtoft , Nordio Chiara
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The objective of the present research is to explore how firms, when engaged in collaborative new product development (NPD) activities, may be understood to be successful or unsuccessful in achieving ambidextrous processes. The study explores the organizational and managerial practices inside the firm and in the supply chain that enable or constrain the firm in reaching a balance between exploitation and exploration when engaged with NPD.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study approach was adopted with the ambition to develop new theoretical insight. Insights from multiple NPD projects in a single highly innovative firm were collected and coded.

Findings

The analysis shows how the organization of the NPD projects, alignment strategies, approaches to reward structure, supplier integration willingness and absorptive capacity were all formative in the firms' abilities to achieve ambidexterity in the NPD processes.

Originality/value

The presented research expands knowledge of how ambidextrous NPD processes can be reached. It demonstrates how a complex combination of factors and practices internal to the firm and concerning its supplier management strategies and practices enables or constrains ambidexterity in NPD processes. The results allow managers to devise more informed strategies and design decisions to enable NPD processes that reach adequate and simultaneous concerns for exploitation and exploration.
FEM using projection of physical properties suitable for movement modeling and optimization processes
Authors: Ristagno Baptiste , Giraud Dominique , Fontchastagner Julien , Netter Denis , Takorabet Noureddine , Devornique Geoffrey , Labbe Nicolas
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Optimization processes and movement modeling usually require a high number of simulations. The purpose of this paper is to reduce global central processing unit (CPU) time by decreasing each evaluation time.

Design Methodology Approach

Remeshing the geometry at each iteration is avoided in the proposed method. The idea consists in using a fixed mesh on which functions are projected to represent geometry and supply.

Findings

Results are very promising. CPU time is reduced for three dimensional problems by almost a factor two, keeping a low relative deviation from usual methods. CPU time saving is performed by avoiding meshing step and also by a better initialization of iterative resolution. Optimization, movement modeling and transient-state simulation are very efficient and give same results as usual finite element method.

Research Limitations Implications

The method is restricted to simple geometry owing to the difficulty of finding spatial mathematical function describing the geometry. Moreover, a compromise between imprecision, caused by the boundary evaluation, and time saving must be found.

Originality Value

The method can be applied to optimize rotating machines design. Moreover, movement modeling is performed by shifting functions corresponding to moving parts.