bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residential Mobility di Pinggiran Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah (Studi Kasus Kaum Miskin Kota di Kota Semarang)
Authors: Rindarjono Moh. Gamal
Published: January 2017

This research was aimed in analyzing and examining the development of slum residential in Semarang, including its center of the city urban, urban-fringe and sub-urban area. Within the development of the slum residential due to mobility of the urban poor, the phenomenon in the term of residential mobility occurred. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this research was applying distant-interpretation data in examining slum residential phenomenon and terrestrial data in analyzing both social and cultural issues related to development of slum residential. This research resulting a residential mobility model throughout areas of research, especially sub-urban including the Chinese cemetery area; the new migrant was the urbanist namely the bridge headers group, consists of tramp and hobos whom should be concerned more. Though they just have settled in short-period within the area, their income was categorized financially settled. They owned their own home not as the renter and even, built housing for their subordinates amounted 7-15 families in a complex of residential. Stability of the income was also supported by resident-owning whereas selecting its location based on the land-availability which initially settled the location illegally among the graves. This location was selected since its less-maintained condition by neither their descendant nor cemetery officer which then densely covered by bushes. Availability of the sufficient land leads them to build their residential which also used as the scrap collection space. During the times, their number was increased referred to their raising income. Legalizing their residential was the next step for their existence and sustainability by purchasing or renting the land. Eventually this bridge header was earning a stable income, owning their own home, and locating their residential in the sub-urban area furthermore but unfortunately less-supported by a highly established life style but an early category one . These were indicated by several factors, either employer or subordinate tramps which cooking foods altogether, unfashionably worn, and behavior of their youngster of asking consideration and advice to the consolidator and status seeker.
Typology, Dynamics, and Potential Disaster in The Coastal Area District Karst Gunungkidul
Authors: Marfai Muh Aris , Cahyadi Ahmad , Anggraini Dini Feti
Published: January 2017

This study aims to determine the typology, dynamics and potential disasters  in the coastal area of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Province. The results showed that the typology formed in the coastal region is structurally shaped karst Gunungkidul coast, Wave Erotion Coast, marine deposition coast, coast erosion land, coast and sub-aerial deposition of man-made coastal typology. Coastal dynamics that occur in karst  Gunungkidul coastal areas affected by dominant geodinamic processes, hydrodynamic and antropodinamic. There are several potential disaster in the karst Gunungkidul coastal region, namely tsunami, rip currents, abrasion, and waves reflection.
Island Identification at River Estuary Based on Toponymy (Case Study: River Estuary of Bulungan, BulunganRegency, North Kalimantan Province)
Authors: Yulius Yulius , Suhelmi Ifan Ridho , Ramdhan M
Published: January 2017

Toponymy is the scientific study of geographical names. Island Toponym represents step of island identi- fication by identifying its name and geographic position. Island Identification in toponymy was conducted through desk study and field survey. Desk study was implemented to obtain earlier description of islands physical condition, social and culture of local people. Field survey to obtain names of the islands was carried out by interviewing local people and positions were measured by using a simple GPS system then validated using nautical chart Dishidros publications 1997 and Image from Google Earth in 2013. The Survey at Bulungan Regency of East Kalimantan Province, 19 islands had been identified 7 islands which have not been listed at DEPDAGRI (Ministry of Internal Affairs) in 2004 but the other 10 islands have been named, and 9 island which is not drawn yet in sea chart published by DISHIDROS TNI-AL.
Study of Climate Change Impact to Local Rainfall Distribution in Lampung Provinces
Authors: Manik Tumiar Katarina , Rosadi Bustomi , Nurhayati Eva
Published: January 2017

Global warming which leads to climate change has potential affect to Indonesia agriculture activities and production. Analyzing rainfall pattern and distribution is important to investigate the impact of global climate change to local climate. This study using rainfall data from 1976-2010 from both lowland and upland area of Lampung Province. The results show that rainfall tends to decrease since the 1990s which related to the years with El Nino event. Monsoonal pattern- having rain and dry season- still excist in Lampung; however, since most rain fell below the average, it could not meet crops water need. Farmers conclude that dry seasons were longer and seasonal pattern has been changed. Global climate change might affect Lampung rainfall distribution through changes on sea surface temperature which could intensify the El Nino effect. Therefore, watching the El Nino phenomena and how global warming affects it, is important in predicting local climate especially the rainfall distribution in order to prevent significant loss in agriculture productivities.
Landslide Zonation at the Budong-Budong Watershed, Central Mamuju District of West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Solle Muchtar S , Paharuddin Paharuddin , Ahmad Asmita , Ansar Muh.
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this study are as  follows: first, to investigate the contributing parameters induced land sliding in the Budong-Budong watershed, and second, to construct landslide susceptibility zonation map.  In this study, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on Geographical Information System (GIS) methods was used to produce map of landslide susceptibility. In this study area, more than 50% of total area were classified high (H) to very high (VH)  susceptibility landslide zone.  Mean while, 12% of total area were classified as  moderate (M)  and remaining were classified as  low (L) to very low (VL) susceptibility landslide zone. Almost area of Budong-Budong Wetershed were classified as VH and H susceptibility landslide zone underlying by Talaya (Tmtv), Lamasi (Toml) and Latimojong (Kls) Formation on the steep slope land.
Mapping Social and Economic Vulnerability in Forest and Peatland Fire Disaster in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Riyanto Eko Ahmad
Published: January 2017

The aims of this research are (1) analyzing social and economic vulnerability of forest and peat land fire disaster in Bengkalis Regency; (2) Mapping social and economic vulnerability of forest and peat land fire disaster in Bengkalis Regency.  Research Variable is social and economic vulnerability. The data that used is primary and secondary data with survey method. Analysis method is scoring and weightings. After that classified based on the value of the score to determine the level of vulnerability. The analysis based on the head of National Agency for Disaster Management (Perka BNPB) Number 02.2012 and literatures study. The results of research show that social vulnerability of forest and peat land fire in Bengkalis Regency is medium vulnerability because it has value of social vulnerability is 0.46663. While economic vulnerability in Bengkalis Regency is low vulnerability because economic vulnerability is 0.3333. In addition, required mitigation that is quick and appropriate by governments of Bengkalis Regency and the local community in management of forest and peat land fire disaster.
Estimate of Changes in Carbon Stocks Based on Land Cover Changes in the Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA) Indonesia
Authors: Hermon Dedi
Published: January 2017

This research aimed at designing the model of land cover changes in 1990 and 2014, and estimating carbon stock changes in each land cover in Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA). The spatial model of land cover changes was analyzed by interpreting Landsat 5 TM imagery in 1990 and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery in 2014 with ERDAS 9.1 and Land Change Modeller (LCM) in Idrisi TerrSet v.18. The analysis of land area changes (ha) in each land cover from 1990 to 2014 used ERDAS 9.1 with tools Interpreter (GIS Analysis-Matrix). Systematic survey method was employed in order to analyze carbon stocks. The sampling technique was stratified purposive composite sampling which used plot technique. The estimate of tree biomass used allometric equation. The estimate of carbon stocks in each land cover in 1990 was measured based on the total of carbon stocks in 2014 which was conversed with the areas of each land cover in 1990. Spatial model of land cover changes in LEA in 1990-2014 showed the changes of area in each land cover which caused the changes of carbon stocks in each land cover as well.
Adaptation Strategy of Seaweed Cultivation to Face the Climate Change (Case Study in Segoro Anakan Bay Ngadirojo, Pacitan)
Authors: Amri Syahrial Nur , Arifin Taslim
Published: January 2017

The damage of coastal ecosystems are no longer dominated by human activity, but the condition of global climate change were also influenced. Climate change impact on the environment influencing the coastal management paradigm. This study emphasizes on how to develop a adaptation strategy of coastal zone management due to the impact of climate change through remote sensing approach, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and adaptation strategies analysis. Location of research conducted in the Region of Segoro Anakan Bay, District Ngadirojo Pacitan. The results showed the impact of climate change is affecting the area and production of seaweed culture in the form of tectonic conditions aggravated by silting waters. To combat the effects of climate change, the adaptation scenario is implemented to intensification and extensification of land use, alternative livelihoods, minawisata as a combination of all three.
A Review of Society’s Behaviour Towards Land Management of Susceptible Area to Landslide in Pekuncen, Banyumas
Authors: Suwarno Suwarno , Sartohadi Junun , Sunarto Sunarto , Sadharto Djarot
Published: January 2017

Land management is a manifestation of the society’s behaviour in utilizing the land. The objective of the research was to examine the effect of education level, income, land tenure, knowledge, and information input on the society’s behaviour in managing the area susceptible to landslide in Pekuncen sub-district, Banyumas district.   The method of this research was survey by employing questionnaire to collect field data. The variable comprised of the data of education level, income, land tenure, knowledge, and information input.. Stratified random sampling was applied to determine the samples of the research. The area susceptibility class  was considered as the strata in which each stratum consisted of 40 family heads as the respondents. The data analysis applied statistical test of multi-regression. Research area was divided into three classes of landslide susceptibility comprising of low, medium, and high class. Education level, income, land tenure, knowledge, and information input significantly influenced the society’s behaviour dealing with land management (determination co-efficiency (R²) was 69.9 %). It occurred in the area of medium susceptibility class. Information input (regression coefficient/(beta) = 0.817) was the most influential predictor of society’s behaviour in land management located in the low susceptibility class. From this research, it was expected that the description about the factors that influenced the society’s behaviour in managing the landslide-prone area would be a valuable reference in preventing landslide in those areas.
Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis of Baluran National Park
Authors: Harjadi Beny
Published: January 2017

Every ecosystem has a different level of susceptibility to environmental disturbances it receives, both from natural factors or anthropogenic disturbance. National Park (NP) Baluran is one national park that has a representation of a complete ecosystem that includes upland forest ecosystems, lowland forests, coastal forests, mangroves, savanna and evergreen forest. The objective of this study is to get a formula calculation of vulnerability analysis of constant and dynamic factors. Baluran NP vulnerability assessment to climate change done by looking at the dynamic and fixed factors. Vulnerability remains a vulnerability factor to the condition of the original (control), whereas vulnerability is the vulnerability of the dynamic change factors which affected the condition from the outside. Constant Vulnerability (CV) in  Baluran NP dominated resistant conditions (61%), meaning that the geomorphology and other fixed factors (slope and slope direction/aspect, then the condition in Baluran NP sufficiently resilient to climate change. Dynamic Vulnerability (DV) is the vulnerability of an area or areas that change because of pressure from external factors. DV is influenced by climatic factors (WI = Wetness Index), soil (SBI = Soil Brightness Index), and vegetation (GI = Greenness Index). DV in  Baluran NP from 1999 to 2010 shifted from the original category of being (84.76%) and shifted to the susceptible (59.88%).  The role of remote sensing for the analysis of raster digital system, while the geographic information system to display the results of cartographic maps.
Seasonal and Inter Annual Variation of Sea Surface Temperature in the Indonesian Waters
Authors: Martono Martono
Published: January 2017

Sea surface temperature plays an important role in air-sea interactions. This research was conducted to understand seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters. The data used in this research was daily sea surface temperature in 1986 to 2015 which was obtained from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center - National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Method used in this study was the anomaly analysis. The result showed that the seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters varied. Seasonal variations of SST in the Makasar Strait, Sulawesi Sea, and Halmahera Sea were low. High seasonal variations of sea surface temperature occurred in the southern waters of Java, Timor Sea, Arafura Sea, and Banda Sea, which were allegedly due to the upwelling process. In addition, interannual variation of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters fluctuated. From 1986 to 2000, it showed a negative anomaly dominant. Meanwhile, from 2001 to 2015, it showed a positive anomaly dominant. The effect of Indian Ocean Dipole on the fluctuation of sea surface temperature in the Indonesian waters was stronger than ENSO. Within the last 30 years, the sea surface temperature in the Indonesian water indicated a rising trend. The highest sea surface temperature rise occurred in the Halmahera Sea that reached 0.66 OC/30 years and the lowest was in the Timor Sea of 0.36 OC/30 years.
Performance Evaluation of Tuntang Watershed based on Quantity and Quality of Water
Authors: Murtiono Ugro Hari , Paimin Paimin
Published: January 2017

The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of Tuntang Catchment based on water quantity and quality area ranging from its upstream to downstream. The method used to determine the water quantity was by carrying out ground study on water discharge in the dry season (June 2011) in the research site, while the water quality was determined by conducting a laboratory analysis on the samples obtained from the sites in both the rainy and dry season (January and June 2011). The results indicated that the quantity of water discharge in Tuntang River was categorized “good”, although it was utilized for many uses such as irrigation, hydropower, and drinking water. Most of water discharges were mainly supplied from the upstream of Rawa Pening Lake. The water quality determined from the parameters of total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, phosphate, and nitrate could be classified as “good”, meanwhile, the turbidity and dissolved oxygen were classified as “poor”.
Contingencia y finalidad. Kant y la perspectiva reflexiva sobre la naturaleza
Authors: Vigo Alejandro
Published: January 2017

Recibido: 14/04/2016 • Aceptado: 11/08/2016

Este trabajo sigue de cerca la exposición de la segunda parte de la Crítica del juicio  de Immanuel Kant para valorar la novedad que supone la aportación de su peculiar exposición de la necesidad y la contingencia, en la que en vez de enfrentarse, cabe su coincidencia en la consideración de la naturaleza como un sistema de fines, al tiempo que como un mecanismo movido por causas eficientes. En efecto, al contemplar la posibilidad de la concordancia, en la naturaleza, entre las leyes, objetivas, y las máximas, subjetivas, el juicio reflexivo de la facultad de juzgar permite tratar la naturaleza como si fuera un sistema de fines, en analogía con la teleología propia de la humana libertad. Semejante tratamiento de la teleología permite a Kant plantear una teología en concordancia con la tradición filosófica clásica.
Topical treatment of mycotic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis in dogs with meticulous debridement and 1% clotrimazole cream: 64 cases (2007–2014)
Authors: Hazuchova Katarina , Neiger Reto , Stengel Christiane
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes for dogs with mycotic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis (MRR) treated by meticulous debridement and topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream and investigate potential prognostic factors that could help predict whether 1 or multiple treatments would be needed for clinical resolution of the condition.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 64 dogs.

PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs treated for MRR by meticulous debridement and topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream. Signalment, clinical signs, previous treatments, CT findings, presence of unilateral or bilateral disease, predisposing factors, number and type of treatments, and complications were recorded. Outcome information was obtained from records or by telephone interview with owners. Association of selected factors with the number of treatments needed for clinical resolution was evaluated.

RESULTS Clotrimazole was instilled via the trephination site (n = 42) or under endoscopic guidance (22). Thirteen dogs underwent a 5-minute flush with 1% clotrimazole solution prior to cream application, and 34 received adjunctive oral itraconazole treatment. The MRR was deemed resolved in 58 dogs, and clinical signs persisted in 1 dog. Five dogs died (2 of causes unrelated to MRR) ≤ 1 month after treatment. The first treatment was successful in 42 of 62 (68%) dogs; overall success rate was 58 of 62 (94%). No prognostic factors for the number of treatments needed to provide clinical resolution were identified. Seven dogs with reinfection were successfully retreated.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Topical treatment by meticulous debridement and 1% clotrimazole cream application had results similar to or better than those described in other studies of dogs with MRR. Trephination or adjunctive itraconazole treatment did not influence the number of treatments needed for a successful outcome.
Use of fecal glucocorticoid and salivary cortisol concentrations as a measure of well-being of New York City carriage horses
Authors: Mercer-Bowyer Sarah , Kersey David C. , Bertone Joseph J.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To use noninvasive approaches to assess stress in New York City (NYC) carriage horses during the course of their daily routine to determine whether use of these horses affected their well-being.

DESIGN Prospective case control study.

ANIMALS 13 (5 mares and 8 geldings) stabled working NYC carriage horses and 5 pastured (nonworking) NYC carriage horses (1 mare and 4 geldings).

PROCEDURES Samples for determination of fecal glucocorticoid and salivary cortisol concentrations were collected on 3 successive days from 10, 8, and 9 working carriage horses during rest (time 1), preparation for work (time 2), and return to the stable (time 3) and at 1 hour after work (time 4). Infrared thermography (IRT) measurements were made to determine maximum temperature of the medial canthus at each time point. Fecal samples were also collected from 5 pastured carriage horses for determination of glucocorticoid concentrations.

RESULTS No difference was found in mean ± SE fecal glucocorticoid concentrations between pastured (22.1 ± 9.8 ng/g) and working (19.5 ± 4.2 ng/g) carriage horses. A significant difference was found in salivary cortisol concentrations of working carriage horses between time 3 (0.96 ± 0.06 ng/mL) and time 4 (0.77 ± 0.07 ng/mL). The IRT measurement at time 2 (35.5 ± 0.64°C [95.9 ± 1.2°F]) was significantly lower than that at time 3 (36.2 ± 0.64°C [97.1 ± 1.2°F]). No other differences in IRT measurements were found.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These working NYC carriage horses did not have physiologic responses indicative of a negative welfare status.
Analysis of lomustine drug content in FDA-approved and compounded lomustine capsules
Authors: KuKanich Butch , Warner Matt , Hahn Kevin
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the lomustine content (potency) in compounded and FDA-approved lomustine capsules.

DESIGN Evaluation study.

SAMPLE 2 formulations of lomustine capsules (low dose [7 to 11 mg] and high dose [40 to 48 mg]; 5 capsules/dose/source) from 3 compounders and from 1 manufacturer of FDA-approved capsules.

PROCEDURES Lomustine content was measured by use of a validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method. An a priori acceptable range of 90% to 110% of the stated lomustine content was selected on the basis of US Pharmacopeia guidelines.

RESULTS The measured amount of lomustine in all compounded capsules was less than the stated content (range, 59% to 95%) and was frequently outside the acceptable range (failure rate, 2/5 to 5/5). Coefficients of variation for lomustine content ranged from 4.1% to 16.7% for compounded low-dose capsules and from 1.1% to 10.8% for compounded high-dose capsules. The measured amount of lomustine in all FDA-approved capsules was slightly above the stated content (range, 104% to 110%) and consistently within the acceptable range. Coefficients of variation for lomustine content were 0.5% for low-dose and 2.3% for high-dose FDA-approved capsules.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compounded lomustine frequently did not contain the stated content of active drug and had a wider range of lomustine content variability than did the FDA-approved product. The sample size was small, and larger studies are needed to confirm these findings; however, we recommend that compounded veterinary formulations of lomustine not be used when appropriate doses can be achieved with FDA-approved capsules or combinations of FDA-approved capsules.
Religiosity as a source of comfort and struggle in members of religious movements: a comparative analysis of the Neocatechumenal Way and the Catholic Charismatic Renewal
Authors: Zarzycka Beata , Pietruszka Rafał , Śliwak Jacek
Published: January 2017

This study aims to examine various aspects of religiosity in members of the Neocatechumenal Way and the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. First, we assigned intergroup differences in Emotions toward God, Religious Comfort and Strain and Religious Attributions. Next, we estimated the net effects of Emotions toward God, Religious Comfort and Strain and Religious Attributions on religiosity. One hundred fifty–five people participated in the research, 81 members of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal and 74 members of the Neocatechumenal Way. We applied the Religious Comfort and Strain Scale by Yali, Exline, Wood, and Worthington, the Emotions toward God Scale by Huber and the Religious Attributions Scale by Exline, Park, Smyth and Carey. The results suggest that members of the Neocatechumenal Way do not differ from the Catholic Charismatic Renewal’s members in Religious Comfort and Positive Emotions toward God. However, the members of the Neocatechumenal Way scored higher in Religious Strain. A moderating effect of the religious movement on the relation between Fear of God and religiosity was observed.
Diabetes Mellitus Specific Infections
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: January 2017

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2017; 7(1): 1-5
Serum Magnesium Level in Hospitalized Nephrotic Syndrome Patients and Its Relation to Cholesterol
Authors: Chaudhury Gulshan Nigar , Hanif Mohammad
Published: January 2017

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common childhood renal disease all over the world. This study was designed to evaluate the magnesium level in patients with nephrotic syndrome and its relation to cholesterol.Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka from January 2015 to June 2015. Fifty four diagnosed cases of nephrotic syndrome admitted during the study period in this hospital were included in this study and patients of NS with associated illnesses such as diarrhoea, severe vomiting and already have metabolic disturbances and seizure were excluded in this study. Serum magnesium and cholesterol levels were assessed in every enrolled patients.Results: The mean level of serum magnesium during initial attack was 2.28±0.36, and it was 2.04±0.29 during first relapse, 2.06±0.29 during infrequent relapse and 1.76±0.32 during frequent relapse. The difference found among the mean level of serum magnesium level in different pattern of nephrotic syndrome by ANOVA test (one way) was statistically significant (P <0.01). All the patients had severely high cholesterol level and about 22% of them had mg level at <1.8 mg/dl, 52% of them had mg level at 1.8-2.4 mg/dl and 26% of them had mg level >2.4 mg/dl. The p value is 0.1 which signifies statistically insignificant correlation between the mg level and cholesterol level. Inverse correlation with serum magnesium with serum cholesterol in children with nephrotic syndrome and that was statistically not significant (r = -0.179, p = 0.1).Conclusion: Serum magnesium level is low in most(64.3%) cases of frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome. Inverse correlation with serum magnesium with serum cholesterol in children with nephrotic syndrome and that was statistically not significant.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(1): 12-16
Medical Quiz: Images Vol.7(1)
Authors: Afroz Farhana , Ahmed Jamal Uddin , Hossain Md Delwar
Published: January 2017

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2017; 7(1): 76
Answer to Medical Quiz: Images Vol.7(1)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: January 2017

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2017; 7(1): 80
Vérité et liberté chez Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)
Authors: Bore Isabelle
Published: January 2017

À la suite de saint Jean, Thomas More suggére que la véerité rend libre. Don du Père, la vérité est d’abord définie en termes de loi, ce qui lui confère une dimension sociale à laquelle il ne faut pas cependant la limiter. Dans le monde religieux du début du XVIe siècle, la vérité se définit aussi spirituellement en tant que foi au Christ. Comme la loi libère des conflits individuels, la foi libère des entraves du péché. Les deux définitions ne sont pas données simultanément. More s’intéresse d’abord à la loi et ensuite à la foi. Grand connaisseur des Péres de l’:Eglise qui insistent sur la continuité entre l’Ancien et le Nouveau Testament, More signifie par là que la révélation de la vérité est un long processus historique. Cette double définition s’enracine dans une vision théocentrique de la societé qui fait de More un homme plus proche du Moyen-Âge que de la Renaissance.
Antonio Buonvisi and Florens Wilson : a European friendship
Authors: Baker-Smith Dominic
Published: January 2017

The Luccan banker Antonio Buonvisi is widely known as one of Thomas More’s most intimate friends and his name is dotted through the official records of Henry VIII’s reign, yet we have little information about the man. His acquaintance with the Scottish humanist Florens Wilson, both in London and Lyons, does bring him into a sharper focus as well as providing, in Wilson’s Latin verses in his honour, a literary memorial to go with the remarkable letter that More sent him from the Tower. While he has been described as the patron of London’s ‘ultra-Catholics’, the evidence suggests that – in the 1530s at least – he retained some sympathy with those drawn to an Erasmian reform of the Church.
L’attitude de VITORIA à l’égard des Indiens
Authors: Barbier Maurice
Published: January 2017

Dans cet article, l’auteur s’intéresse au regard que le théologien Francisco de Vitoria porte sur la colonisation espagnole. Il s’appuie sur des extraits de la Leçon sur la tempérance et de la Leçon sur les Indiens pour mettre en lumière les interrogations de Vitoria sur les modalités de la présence espagnole en Amérique et sur la légitimité de cette domination. Pour Vitoria, les Indiens sont des hommes comme les autres qui ne manquent pas de ressemblances avec les Européens. Il convient donc de ne pas leur causer de préjudice et de leur apporter des bienfaits matériels et humains en les détournant des sacrifices humains et de l’anthropophagie et en les amenant au christianisme. L’auteur propose ensuite la traduction inédite d’un fragment de la Leçon sur la tempérance où Vitoria se demande s’il est permis de faire la guerre aux Indiens sous prétexte qu’ils se livrent à l’anthropophagie et aux sacrifices humains.
Bournville et Port Sunlight : une utopie qui existe quelque part
Authors: Capet Antoine
Published: January 2017

Résumé

Si l’on postule que l’utopie, ce n’est pas véritablement ce qui n’existe pas : c’est ce qui n’existe pas encore, alors il devient possible d’avancer que les villages de Cadbury (Bournville) et de Lever (Port Sunlight) sont des projets utopiques qui se sont réalisés, contrairement à tant de tentatives avortées au XIXe siècle. Certains diront que puisqu’ils ont survécu, cela veut bien dire qu’ils n’ont jamais relevé de l’utopie : l’article passe en revue les différents arguments et conclut que leur nature utopique est indéniable malgré la contradiction apparente dans les termes.
Les chemins de l’intransigeance radicalité catholique et engagement politique à Toulouse lors des guerres de religion
Authors: Souriac Pierre-Jean
Published: January 2017

Résumé

Toulouse est connue dans l’histoire des guerres de Religion pour son catholicisme militant qui lui fit choisir la violence antiprotestante et les options ligueuses les plus enflammées. Exemple d’une ville confrontée à l’émergence de l’altérité confessionnelle au siècle des Réformes, elle vit se développer en son sein un milieu catholique pour lequel la seule voie de salut passait par l’exclusivisme confessionnel, au prix d’une guerre civile et d’une menace de chaos. C’est ce milieu, de son affirmation à sa prise de contrôle de la cité, qu’il s’agit ici d’appréhender. Hommes du roi, bourgeoisie marchande, artisans ou petit peuple, toute une partie de la societé toulousaine imposa à l’ensemble de la ville une destinée de citadelle catholique dans une province traversée de frontières confessionnelles. Alliant le choix religieux aux pratiques politiques d’autodéfense propre aux bonnes villes de la France du temps, ces hommes donnèrent à Toulouse une identité partisane dans laquelle elle chercha à apaiser les tensions nées de la division religieuse. Des débats sur l’unité civique à l’opposition résolue au souverain qu’était Henri IV, se révèle l’histoire d’une radicalité politique légitimée par les ambitions de sainteté revendiquées par ces méridionaux en armes.
Urban histories of the French wars of religion
Authors: Roberts Penny
Published: January 2017

Urban studies understandably dominate the historiography and our comprehension of the French Wars of Religion. Social, religious and, more recently, political issues have all been in vogue in studies of the wars and, therefore, in the histories of towns. Confessional conflict and coexistence, relations between royal and municipal authorities, affiliation to Protestantism or the Catholic League, have all exercised urban histories. Key moments during the wars highlight the importance of the towns and the trauma they experienced. Yet, despite tension and division, urban communities had a shared concern in the maintenance of civic order and the defence of local integrity.
Chemical-Free Cotton Defoliation by; Mechanical, Flame and Laser Girdling
Authors: Pelletier Mathew , Wanjura John , Holt Greg
Published: January 2017

A novel new way to achieve chemical-free defoliation of cotton is discussed. The research found that by severing the phloem tissue on the main stalk, via a girdling operation, the operation stimulated the cotton plant to alter its growth into an early senescence pathway that resulted in the plant shedding its leaves and opening up all its bolls, leaving the plant in the perfect state for machine harvesting. Even with follow-up rains, zero regrowth occurred in the treated plants, unlike the untreated control plots where significant regrowth did occur. This report compares the results of greenhouse and field trials where the girdling operation was performed by hand, flame, mechanical and via a CO2 laser to achieve phloem tissue severance. Design parameters for a prototype laser girdling system are also provided. Results suggest that for deficit irrigated cotton, girdling can provide an alternative means to defoliate cotton.
A Review of Experimental Techniques for Measuring Micro- to Nano-Particle-Laden Gas Flows
Authors: Tu Chengxu , Yin Zhaoqin , Lin Jianzhong , Bao Fubing
Published: January 2017

Dispersed micro- to nano-particle-laden gas flows are common in many engineering and environmental applications. Characterizing both their dispersed and carrier phase using experimental methods is very important for determining their properties and behavior. This paper reviews techniques for measuring the carrier phase, as well as the dispersed particles ranging from the micro- to the nano-scale. We focus not only on the developments of specific techniques over the last 20 years, but also on relationships and comparisons among these techniques. In addition to a systematic description and classification of these methods, we discuss the parameters they measure, such as particle velocity, size, composition and concentration. A more detailed review is provided for several important measurement techniques, including particle image velocimetry, the phase-Doppler particle analyzer and light-scattering intensity measurements for microparticles, as well as the scanning mobility particle sizer, the fast mobility particle sizer and the electrical low pressure impactor for nano-particles. The founding principles, development histories, various applications of these techniques and where they are going are summarized. This article provides a resource for investigators that plan to study micro- or nano-particle-laden gas flows in various contexts.
Mechanistic Analysis of Water Oxidation Catalyst cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+: Effect of Dimerization
Authors: Erdman Darren , Pineda-Galvan Yuliana , Pushkar Yulia
Published: January 2017

While the catalytic activity of some Ru-based polypyridine complexes in water oxidation is well established, the relationship between their chemical structure and activity is less known. In this work, the single site Ru complex [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)—which can exist as either a cis isomer or a trans isomer—is investigated. While a difference in the catalytic activity of these two isomers is well established, with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ being much more active, no mechanistic explanation of this fact has been presented. The oxygen evolving capability of both isomers at multiple concentrations has been investigated, with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ showing a second-order dependence of O2 evolution activity with increased catalyst concentration. Measurement of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+, shortly after oxidation with CeIV, showed the presence of a signal matching that of cis,cis-[RuIII(bpy)2(H2O)ORuIV(bpy)2(OH)]4+, also known as “blue dimer”. The formation of dimers is a concentration-dependent process, which could serve to explain the greater than first order increase in catalytic activity. The trans isomer showed a first-order dependence of O2 evolution on catalyst concentration. Behavior of [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ isomers is compared with other Ru-based catalysts, in particular [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(H2O)]2+ (tpy = 2,2′;6,2′′-terpyridine).
A System Dynamics Analysis of Investment, Technology and Policy that Affect Natural Gas Exploration and Exploitation in China
Authors: Xiao Jianzhong , Cheng Jinhua , Shen Jun , Wang Xiaolin
Published: January 2017

Natural gas has an increasing role in Chinese energy transformation. We present a system dynamics model of the natural gas industry in China. A new system dynamics model for natural gas companies based on reserve exploration and well construction as well as investment dynamics is proposed. The contribution of the paper is to analyze the influence of technology, investment and policy factors on the natural gas industry. We found that the dynamics of the main variables, including gas policy, cost of investment, accounting depreciation and exploitation technology, are sensitive to the sustainable development of resources. The simulations and results presented here will be helpful for government to reform policies, and for upstream companies to make decisions.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene, Butyl Acetate and Limonene under UV and Visible Light with Titanium Dioxide-Graphene Oxide as Photocatalyst
Authors: Mull Birte , Möhlmann Lennart , Wilke Olaf
Published: January 2017

Photocatalysis is a promising technique to reduce volatile organic compounds indoors. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a frequently-used UV active photocatalyst. Because of the lack of UV light indoors, TiO2 has to be modified to get its working range shifted into the visible light spectrum. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of toluene, butyl acetate and limonene was investigated under UV LED light and blue LED light in emission test chambers with catalysts either made of pure TiO2 or TiO2 modified with graphene oxide (GO). TiO2 coated with different GO amounts (0.75%–14%) were investigated to find an optimum ratio for the photocatalytic degradation of VOC in real indoor air concentrations. Most experiments were performed at a relative humidity of 0% in 20 L emission test chambers. Experiments at 40% relative humidity were done in a 1 m³ emission test chamber to determine potential byproducts. Degradation under UV LED light could be achieved for all three compounds with almost all tested catalyst samples up to more than 95%. Limonene had the highest degradation of the three selected volatile organic compounds under blue LED light with all investigated catalyst samples.
Influence of Mature Overstory Trees on Adjacent 12-Year Regeneration and the Woody Understory: Aggregated Retention versus Intact Forest
Authors: Curzon Miranda , Baker Susan , Kern Christel , Palik Brian , D’Amato Anthony
Published: January 2017

Retention harvesting, an approach that intentionally retains legacy features such as mature overstory trees, provides options for achieving ecological objectives. At the same time, retained overstory trees may compete with the nearby recovering understory for resources, and much remains to be learned about potential trade-offs with regeneration objectives, particularly over extended time periods. We assessed the influence of aggregated retention (reserved mature overstory and understory patches) versus intact forest on structure and productivity (standing biomass) of the adjacent woody understory and regeneration 12 years after harvest in northern Minnesota, USA. Each site was dominated by Populus tremuloides Michx., a species that regenerates prolifically via root sprouts following disturbance. Overall, fewer differences than expected occurred between the effects of intact forest and aggregated retention on regeneration, despite the small size (0.1 ha) of aggregates. Instead, harvest status and distance from harvest edge had a greater influence on structure and standing woody biomass. Proximity to aggregates reduced large sapling biomass (all species, combined) relative to open conditions, but only up to 5 m into harvested areas. This suggests the trade-off for achieving productivity objectives might be minimal if managers use retention aggregates in this region to achieve ecological objectives and meet management guidelines.
Links between DNA Replication, Stem Cells and Cancer
Authors: Vassilev Alex , DePamphilis Melvin
Published: January 2017

Cancers can be categorized into two groups: those whose frequency increases with age, and those resulting from errors during mammalian development. The first group is linked to DNA replication through the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur during proliferation of developmentally acquired stem cells that give rise to and maintain tissues and organs. These mutations, which result from DNA replication errors as well as environmental insults, fall into two categories; cancer driver mutations that initiate carcinogenesis and genome destabilizing mutations that promote aneuploidy through excess genome duplication and chromatid missegregation. Increased genome instability results in accelerated clonal evolution leading to the appearance of more aggressive clones with increased drug resistance. The second group of cancers, termed germ cell neoplasia, results from the mislocation of pluripotent stem cells during early development. During normal development, pluripotent stem cells that originate in early embryos give rise to all of the cell lineages in the embryo and adult, but when they mislocate to ectopic sites, they produce tumors. Remarkably, pluripotent stem cells, like many cancer cells, depend on the Geminin protein to prevent excess DNA replication from triggering DNA damage-dependent apoptosis. This link between the control of DNA replication during early development and germ cell neoplasia reveals Geminin as a potential chemotherapeutic target in the eradication of cancer progenitor cells.
Exact and Approximate Solutions of Fractional Partial Differential Equations for Water Movement in Soils
Authors: Su Ninghu
Published: January 2017

This paper presents solutions of the fractional partial differential equation (fPDE) for analysing water movement in soils. The fPDE explains processes equivalent to the concept of symmetrical fractional derivatives (SFDs) which have two components: the forward fractional derivative (FFD) and backward fractional derivative (BFD) of water movement in soils with the BFD representing the micro-scale backwater effect in porous media. The distributed-order time-space fPDE represents water movement in both swelling and non-swelling soils with mobile and immobile zones with the backwater effect operating at two time scales in large and small pores. The concept of flux-concentration relation is now updated to account for the relative fractional flux of water movement in soils.
Racial Differences in Perceptions of Air Pollution Health Risk: Does Environmental Exposure Matter?
Authors: Chakraborty Jayajit , Collins Timothy , Grineski Sara , Maldonado Alejandra
Published: January 2017

This article extends environmental risk perception research by exploring how potential health risk from exposure to industrial and vehicular air pollutants, as well as other contextual and socio-demographic factors, influence racial/ethnic differences in air pollution health risk perception. Our study site is the Greater Houston metropolitan area, Texas, USA—a racially/ethnically diverse area facing high levels of exposure to pollutants from both industrial and transportation sources. We integrate primary household-level survey data with estimates of excess cancer risk from ambient exposure to industrial and on-road mobile source emissions of air toxics obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Statistical analysis is based on multivariate generalized estimation equation models which account for geographic clustering of surveyed households. Our results reveal significantly higher risk perceptions for non-Hispanic Black residents and those exposed to greater cancer risk from industrial pollutants, and also indicate that gender influences the relationship between race/ethnicity and air pollution risk perception. These findings highlight the need to incorporate measures of environmental health risk exposure in future analysis of social disparities in risk perception.
Manganese(I)-Based CORMs with 5-Substituted 3-(2-Pyridyl)Pyrazole Ligands
Authors: Mede Ralf , Gläser Steve , Suchland Benedikt , Schowtka Björn , Mandel Miles , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Schiller Alexander , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: January 2017

The reaction of [(OC)5MnBr] with substituted 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazoles) 2-PyPzRH (1a-l) in methanol or diethyl ether yields the yellow to orange manganese(I) complexes [(OC)3Mn(Br)(2-PyPzRH)] (2a-l), the substituents R being phenyl (a), 1-naphthyl (b), 2-anthracenyl (c), 1-pyrenyl (d), 4-bromophenyl (e), 3-bromophenyl (f), duryl (g), 2-pyridyl (h), 2-furanyl (i), 2-thienyl (j), ferrocenyl (k), and 1-adamantyl (l). The carbonyl ligands are arranged facially, leading to three chemically different CO ligands due to different trans-positioned Lewis donors. The diversity of the substituent R demonstrates that this photoCORM backbone can easily be varied with a negligible influence on the central (OC)3MnBr fragment, because the structural parameters and the spectroscopic data of this unit are very similar for all these derivatives. Even the ferrocenyl complex 2k shows a redox potential for the ferrocenyl subunit which is identical to the value of the free 5-ferrocenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (1k). The ease of variation of the starting 5-substituted 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazoles) offers a modular system to attach diverse substituents at the periphery of the photoCORM complex.
Estimation Methods of the Point Spread Function Axial Position: A Comparative Computational Study
Authors: Diaz Zamboni Javier , Casco Víctor
Published: January 2017

The precise knowledge of the point spread function is central for any imaging system characterization. In fluorescence microscopy, point spread function (PSF) determination has become a common and obligatory task for each new experimental device, mainly due to its strong dependence on acquisition conditions. During the last decade, algorithms have been developed for the precise calculation of the PSF, which fit model parameters that describe image formation on the microscope to experimental data. In order to contribute to this subject, a comparative study of three parameter estimation methods is reported, namely: I-divergence minimization (MIDIV), maximum likelihood (ML) and non-linear least square (LSQR). They were applied to the estimation of the point source position on the optical axis, using a physical model. Methods’ performance was evaluated under different conditions and noise levels using synthetic images and considering success percentage, iteration number, computation time, accuracy and precision. The main results showed that the axial position estimation requires a high SNR to achieve an acceptable success level and higher still to be close to the estimation error lower bound. ML achieved a higher success percentage at lower SNR compared to MIDIV and LSQR with an intrinsic noise source. Only the ML and MIDIV methods achieved the error lower bound, but only with data belonging to the optical axis and high SNR. Extrinsic noise sources worsened the success percentage, but no difference was found between noise sources for the same method for all methods studied.