bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Design Study for Construction of a Wind Power Station with the Capacity of 50 MW
Authors: Galushchak Valery , Khavronichev Sergey , Kopeikina Tatiana
Published: September 2015

This paper summarizes the main elements of provisional calculations and charts which are sufficient to justify proposals for construction of a wind power station with the pre-designed capacity of 50 MW. Methodology of wind power potential assessment at the point of construction is given, a layout of the construction site and the structure of a wind farm are developed. The offered below materials make it possible to perform the first stages of the design.
Method for Selecting Quantity and Power of Diesel Generators
Authors: Sarsikeyev Yermek , Lukutin Boris , Mustafina Raissa
Published: September 2015

In this paper a method of optimization of the quantity of diesel power generating units according to the schedule of electric loads based on the undersupply expectation and the power supply interruption, emergency and planned stops of diesel generators is proposed.
High-Temperature Technologies of Electric Energy Production on Steam-Turbine Power Plants
Authors: Rogalev Nikolay , Rogalev Andrey , Oleynikova Evgeniya
Published: September 2015

This article considers possible methods to improve economic efficiency of coal-fired plants by means of increase of steam performance upstream of the steam turbine. It gives the methods to increase steam temperature upstream of the turbine by means of heat values of both fossil and hydrogen fuels.
Optimization of Pump-Throttling Substation of Heating Networks
Authors: Makarov Dmitriy Alexandrovich , Chernenkov Vladimir Petrovich , Likhachev Ilia Dmitrievich
Published: September 2015

This article conceptually reviews the technological process of heat network intervening substation’s operation process. It presents the substation’s operation process optimization method to increase the system energy efficiency at large. Experimental data, that prove the effectiveness and expediency of suggested heat network operation methods, are presented in a graphic form.
Grid Wind Power Plant with Compensation of Active and Reactive Power
Authors: Payuk Lubov , Grechko Olga , Voronina N.
Published: September 2015

The problem of development and design of the wind power plant with a capacity of 5 MW. The scheme of compensation for active and reactive power of the drive motor is proposed, the scheme included double-fed electric machine.
Assessment of the Impact of Sources of Funding on Project Successes Criteria of Energy Saving
Authors: Chernov Sergei , Pacheco Soto Jose Alberto , Kulack Eugene
Published: September 2015

Sources of financing actions on rising energy efficiency are considered and their contents and structure are defined. On the base of economic calculations the conclusion was made about impact of contents and structure of sources of financing on integrating efficiency indicators of projects of energy efficiency.
Building the Structure and the Neuroemulator Angular Velocity's Learning Algorithm Selection of the Electric Drive of TVR-IM Type
Authors: Kozlova L.E. , Bolovin E.V.
Published: September 2015

Today, one of the most common ways to control smooth starting and stopping of the induction motors are soft-start system. To ensure such control method the use of closed-speed asynchronous electric drive of TVR-IM type is required. Using real speed sensors is undesirable due to a number of inconveniences exploitation of the drive. The use of the observer based on a neural network is more convenient than the use of the real sensors. Its advantages are robustness, high generalizing properties, lack of requirements to the motor parameters, the relative ease of creation. This article presents the research and selection of the best learning algorithm of the neuroemulator angular velocity of the electric drive of TVR-IM type. There were investigated such learning algorithms as gradient descent back propagation, gradient descent with momentum back propagation, algorithm of Levenberg – Marquardt, scaled conjugate gradient back propagation (SCG). The input parameters of the neuroemulator were the pre treatment signals from the real sensors the stator current and the stator voltage and their delay, as well as a feedback signal from the estimated speed with delay. A comparative analysis of learning algorithms was performed on a simulation model of asynchronous electric drive implemented in software MATLAB Simulink, when the electric drive was running in dynamic mode. The simulation results demonstrate that the best method of learning is algorithm of Levenberg – Marquardt.
Electrical Parameters of Induction System for Internal Cylindrical Surfaces being Heating
Authors: Aliferov Aleksander , Lupi Sergio , Meleshko Aleksandr , Rad'ko Sergey
Published: September 2015

In the article the combined influence of surface effect, proximity effect, ring effect and slot effect on active and self-inductive resistances of the inductor, placed inside the hollow cylindrical workpiece, are investigated. It had been shown that the combined influence of these effects forms a distribution of current over cross-section of the inductor tube. That current determines the values of active and self-inductive resistances of the inductor. There had been presented dependencies of relative coefficients of active and self-inductive resistances of the inductor and relative geometrical parameters of the system "inductor – hollow finite-sized workpiece", the gap between the inductor and the workpiece, and specific resistance of heated nonmagnetic workpiece in presence and absence of internal magnetic core.
Studies of Electromagnetic Stirrer Modes
Authors: Uskov Ilya Andreyevich , Shvidkiy Evgeny Leonidovich , Frizen Vasily Eduardovich
Published: September 2015

The article presents results of studies of electromagnetic modes of side stirrer composed of multi-melting unit, based on the induction crucible furnace. Using induction crucible furnaces as highly efficient smelting unit in combination with an electromagnetic stirrer and heat control means electrodynamic effect on the molten metal at all stages of melting. The aim of this approach is to reduce the time of melting and improve the quality characteristics of the metal. This article describes the design of basic units, calculation of energy parameters and the study of stirrer modes when powered by a frequency converter.
Optimization of Induction Heating Regarding Typical Quality Criteria: Problem Solution Based on 2D FEM Analysis
Authors: Pleshivtseva Yuliya , Nacke Bernard , Popov Anton
Published: September 2015

One of the most widespread methods of heating is induction mass heating because it offers certain advantages over similar technologies, including convectional and electrical heating. A significant economical effect can be achieved through optimization of heating modes and design parameters of induction heaters on the basis of modern optimal control theory for distributed parameters systems. The paper is devoted to the numerical simulation and optimal with respect to typical quality criteria control of thermal modes for metals induction heating before hot forming operations. Two-dimensional non-linear time-optimal control problem, problem of maximum heating accuracy and problem of minimum energy consumption are formulated and reduced to the mathematical programming problems. Optimization procedures are based on the developed at SamSTU alternance method of optimal control theory for distributed parameters systems. 2D FLUX code provides FEM analysis of interrelated electromagnetic and temperature fields during induction heating of a cylindrical billet before its hot forming. The model integrated into optimization procedures provides options for variation of the heating system parameters or billet geometry, and for evaluating the process optimization abilities. Computational results for optimal heating of aluminum cylindrical billets are shown and analyzed.
The Study of the Thermal Processes in an Electrode Influenced by an Electric Arc
Authors: Dutova Olga , Domarov Pavel , Oschepkova Tatiana
Published: September 2015

The effect of a moving arc spot on a material of a plasmatron electrode is considered in the present paper. Temperature-dependence of material thermophysical properties is taken into account. Dynamics of temperature and thermal stresses fields are calculated. The characteristic feature of temperatures distribution along radius of an electrode is large gradient of temperatures in a narrow zone near to a surface which can cause large thermostresses and microcracks.
Developing and Testing of Improved Control System of Electric Arc Furnace Electrical Regimes
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander , Kornilov Gennady , Povelitsa Evgeniy
Published: September 2015

The article deals with the description of an improved automatic control system for steel-making furnaces (electric arc furnaces and ladle furnaces) electrode positioning and the results of its production testing. The control performance of electrode positioning of the developed automatic control system was studied using a mathematical model, which included the main components of the system: the hydraulic drive of electrode positioning with a servo valve, electric circuit of the furnace described by Cassie nonlinear differential equation, impedance nonlinear controller. It was proved that a more accurate positioning makes it possible to significantly reduce electric power consumption per tap-to-tap cycle.
Mathematical Simulation of Acoustic Characteristics of Super-Power Arc Discharges in Electric Steel Furnaces
Authors: Bikeev Roman , Serikov Viktor , Cherednichenko Vladimir
Published: September 2015

Mathematical model of appearance and progress of noise characteristics in super-power electric arc steel furnaces is considered in the paper. It is shown that noise generation is coupled with pulsations of axial plasma flows in arc discharge caused by fluctuations of electrodynamic pressure on discharge column formed by interaction between its own magnetic field and current flowing in the arc. Simulation results have shown that pressure in arc axis alternates at frequency 100 Hz with amplitude 6600 N/m2 for arc current 80 kA. Basic frequencies of arc noise are aliquot to 100 Hz, that fact is verified by exploitation practice of arc steel furnaces. Sound intensity level in workspace riches 160 dB, but thanks to shielding by case and fused metal and slag it falls to 115–120 dB on service area of furnace. It has shown that maximal amplitudes in frequency spectrum of the noise are in range 5–150 Hz. Generated noise amplitudes and frequency ranges depend on arc discharges' resistance, which are defined by ionization level of gases. According to Saha equation, iron vapor is ionized by 70 %, calcium vapor – by 95 %, and ionization level of air is no more than 1.5 %. It has been experimentally shown that in melting of stock coated with lime noise intensity is decreased by 6–8 % against no-lime iron melting because of lower calcium ionization potential (6.11 eV). It has been ascertained that for long arc with high voltages the sound intensity is decreased by 3–4 % as compared with short arc of the same current. It has shown that suppression of low-frequency components of noise energy is possible by optimization of electromechanical oscillations of electrodes, electrode-holders and cable strips, additionally to inclusion lime in stock mixture. The appropriateness of improvement electric arc furnaces hermeticity and development of the furnaces for operation with lowered currents and enlarged transformers' voltages have been approved.
Design Optimization of Induction Heater in Planetary Reactors for Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Nikanorov Aleksandr , Nacke Bernard , Zedler Tatiana
Published: September 2015

One application of induction heating is a planetary reactor for deposition of compound semiconductor layers from the gas phase. High temperature needed for the process is provided by a “pancake” induction coil. Temperature distribution in the reactor influences the deposition quality as well as the lifetime of the reactor components. The induction coil shape has been improved by numerical modelling combined with automatic optimization. The developed two-and three-dimensional models include coupled electromagnetic and thermal calculations to take into account temperature dependent material properties. Three-dimensional structural analysis, based on the predicted temperature distribution, was used to estimate the level of the appeared thermal stresses in the reactor parts. The received optimal design of the induction coil has been successfully tested in the industrial planetary reactor.
Calculation of the Melt Surface Shape in Different Induction Crucible Furnaces
Authors: Kuvaldin Alexander , Fedin Maxim A. , Kislov Alexander
Published: September 2015

The calculation algorithm of the melt surface shape of the induction crucible furnaces (ICF) taking into account the variable melt level in crucible is developed. The special-purpose software package for calculation of the height and melt surface shape in ICF is developed. The investigation results of the melt surface shape and its influence upon energy and electric characteristics of the ICF are presented.
Characteristics Description of Electromagnetic Stiffness Compensator
Authors: Gurova Elena G. , Gurov Michail G. , Sergeev A.A.
Published: September 2015

This research presents the traction characteristic of the stiffness compensator using the odd polynomial. Due to the various components of the polynomial we can get any stiffness characteristics. The calculation of the polynomial coefficients is presented. For the representation of the characteristic in automatic control systems the harmonic linearization coefficients are obtained for the polynomial n-th degree, which corresponds accurately to the description of the precise method.
Switching Converters Development Systems for Electrostart Diesel Engine Start
Authors: Makarov Stanislav V. , Myatez Alexander Vladimirovish , Suslyakov Vitali D.
Published: September 2015

The article presents the research aimed at improving the efficiency of the diesel engines running. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems of the starter starting systems of diesel locomotives are considered. Brainstorming ideas on the issue of the calculation and selection of the alternative circuitry power circuit pulse converter starting system of diesel engines are described in the paper. An example of calculating the regulating characteristics of the pulse converter and the efficiency of the proposed circuit design is reported.
Application of Energy Storage Devices at the Road City Transit Rolling Stock
Authors: Schurov N.I. , Shtang A.A. , Yaroslavtsev M.V.
Published: September 2015

The article explores possible structures of road public transit vehicles, distinguishing by energy sources. Available primary energy sources and energy storage devices are compared. The most promising structures are chosen and their main properties are estimated. Some recommended strategies then follow.
Energy-Saving Potential from Use of Heat-Reflective Screens with Solar Battery in Windows for Power Supply Systems of Buildings in Different Regions of Russia and France
Authors: Smirnov Nikolay , Tyutikov Vladimir , Flament Bernard
Published: September 2015

The new energy saving windows with heat-reflecting shields are well known, but for their practical use they need to be integrated into the automated system for controlling heat supply in buildings and the efficiency of their use tоgether with the existing energy-saving measures must be determined. The study was based on the results of field tests of windows with heat-reflective shields in a certified climate chamber. The method to determine the minimum indoor air temperature under standby heating using heat-reflective shields in the windows and multifunctional energy-efficient shutter with solar battery have been developed. Annual energy saving for the conditions of different regions of Russia and France was determined. Using windows with heat-reflecting screens and a solar battery results in a triple power effect: reduced heat losses during the heating season due to increased window resistance; lower cost of heating buildings due to lowering of indoor ambient temperature; also electric power generation.
Mathematical Model of Synchronous Generator without Damper Windings which is Equipped with an Automatic Stabiliser
Authors: Isaev Yu.N. , Kolchanova V.A. , Tarasenko S.S.
Published: September 2015

The models of the synchronous generator for calculating the steady-state and transient regimes including the transients of stator windings of generator without damper windings have been presented. The ability to use different mathematical approximations of the generator models depending on the spatial distance of the disturbance point has been shown. The examples of the generator models without damper windings which is equipped with an automatic stabilizer have been given. To determine the currents and voltages as functions of time the state-space technique and Park – Gorev transformation have been used. Solutions are obtained by means of the program called integrated environment MathCAD Runge-Kutta method.It is possible to use these models in networks containing synchronous generators and also for the design of objects containing generators.
Experimental Study on Electroplastic Effect in AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Breda Marco , Michieletto Francesco , Beridze Elizaveta , Gennari Claudio
Published: September 2015

Electrically Assisted Manufacturing (EAM) is a recently developed method for materials forming based on the Electro-Plastic Effect (EPE) induced by electric current on the flow properties of the material and enhancing their workability. In this technique, the concept of dislocations/electrons interaction and the localized resistive heating provided by electric current were found to be the main responsible for the observed increase in materials formability. However, the joule heating may hinder the induced EPE, since heat and electricity are contemporarily both present, and separation between these two contributions is mandatory to better understand the solely effect of electricity on plastic flow. The present experimental work on an AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel is aimed to study EPE by separating the effects of current from those of heating during EAM uniaxial tensile test, in order to ascribe the relative contributions.
Hardening of Aluminum Alloys with Nano-Dispersed Inclusions during the Implementation of Energy-Saving Process of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis in Aluminum Melt
Authors: Ermoshkin Anton , Timoshkin Ivan , Lutz Alfiya
Published: September 2015

It was demonstrated that the application of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis as a low energy expenditure method to produce alloys of the Al-TiC system is of high priority. The process for the preparation of the charge and obtaining a composite alloywere described. The results of studies of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composite alloys, modified with nanoparticles of titanium carbide TiC werepresented.Alloys with compositions: Al-10% TiC, Al7%Si + 10% TiC and Al9%Si + 10% TiC, as well as the original matrix materials: pure aluminum and Al9%Si werestudied. The index of plasticity was obtained by calculation. This calculated value showed that the experimental samples are small crystalline materials and nanomaterials. It was shown that the addition of nanoparticles of titanium carbide improves the mechanical properties of the initial alloy, without significantly reducing the electrical conductivity (no more than 30%).
Synthesis of MAX-Phase of Titanium Silicon Carbide (Ti3SiC2) as a Promising Electric Contact Material by SHS Pressing Method
Authors: Davydov Denis M. , Amosov Aleksandr P. , Latukhin Evgeniy I.
Published: September 2015

In this work, we describe the synthesis of the MAX-phase of titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2) received by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with application of pressure (SHS-pressing). Compacted Ti3SiC2 was obtained from initial mixture of powders of titanium, silicon and carbon (soot) with the ratio of powder components of 3Ti+(1.2-1.25)Si+2C. Using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis, it was shown that the synthesized product of SHS-pressing is a dense composite material consisting of the core phase of Ti3SiC2 and side phases of TiC and TiSi2. The basic physical and mechanical properties of the new composite material: density, compressive strength, hardness, electrical conductivity were studied. This material is of interest as a promising electric contact material.
Transport System of Viaduct Type
Authors: Myatezh S.V. , Zhizhkina Irina E. , Dubinina D.S.
Published: September 2015

The article describes the concept of public transport in the form of pipe overpass consisting of modern materials. The special attention is paid to durability and ease of maintenance.
Improving the Operating Efficiency of Wells with Electrical Submersible Centrifugal Pump in the Fields with Hard to Recover Reserves
Authors: Maksyutin Aleksandr Valeryevich , Tananykhin Dmitry Sergeevich , Sultanova Dina Anasovna
Published: September 2015

The article presents the results of experimental studies of technology of plasma-pulse impacts on the surface properties of the productive formations. Upcoming trend of research to increase overhaul period of engine driven wells is proposed. Prospect and feasibility of further research on the development of innovative technological solutions of rational and cost-effective development of the fields with hard to recover reserves are noticed.
In Situ Studies of Molecular Self-Assembling during the Formation of Ion-Conducting Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Grafskaia Kseniia N. , Anokhin Denis V. , Hernandez Rueda Jaime J. , Ivanov Dmitriy A.
Published: September 2015

In present work a new setup for in situ studies of molecular self-assembling process for fabrication of ion-conducting membranes for “green” fuel cells was developed. Due to compactness, this unique setup can be used on the synchrotron beamlines. The GISAXS and optical microscopy data have shown the effectiveness of the control of molecular architecture by impact of high temperature, UV-irradiation and solvent vapors.
Influence of the Vehicles’ Shape and Length on its Pressure Drag Value Investigation
Authors: Ogneva Tatyana , Kulekina Anna , Langeman Evelina
Published: September 2015

The pressure drag of the vehicle has a significant impact on its energy consumption. The aerodynamic drag has become a prevalent among the other components of the motion resistance forces with the speed increasing above a certain value. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the value vehicles’ aerodynamic drag in a real-city-traffic condition.
A Sensorless Initial Rotor Position Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
Authors: Krasnov Ivan Yurievich , Langraf Sergey Vladimirovich , Chobanov Stepan Ivanovich
Published: September 2015

Permanent magnet synchronous motors for the effective start requires information about an initial position of a rotor. In this regard, most systems use position sensors, which substantially increase a cost of an electrical drive entirely [1-3]. The aim of this article is to develop new method, allowing to determine the absolute angular position of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motors [4,5]. With a certain voltage pulses, in series applied to the motor, stator is magnetized by currents leakage in the windings. This allows, using a special algorithm, to calculate the absolute position of the rotor without using any motor parameters [6]. Simulation results prove the simplicity and efficiency of this method for determining an initial position of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motors. Thus, this method can be widely used in the electrical industry.
Simulation Modelling of a Pulse Frequency-Phase Discriminator
Authors: Bolgov Igor S. , Dementyev Yuriy N. , Bolgova Veronika A.
Published: September 2015

A simulation model of a pulse frequency-phase discriminator (PFPD) in the Matlab Simulink application package was developed. The main PFPD modes simulation and the analysis results were carried out. The simulation results are discussed in this paper.
Environmental Effect on the Leaf Morphology and Anatomy of Berberis microphylla G. Forst
Authors: Radice Silvia , Arena Miriam E.
Published: September 2015

Berberis microphylla G. Forst is a fruit shrub native from Patagonia, considered as a non-timber forest product. In recent years, there has been an increased demand for its fruits, both for fresh and industrialized consumption, being the establishment of commercial orchards in different sites a need to meet this demand. B. microphylla cloned plants have been introduced from Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego to Buenos Aires province in order to evaluate its phenotypic plasticity and the possibility of fruit production. At the same time, a comparative study on the morphology and anatomy of the mature leaves of B. microphylla grown in two different environmental conditions was carried out. Moreno leaves were significantly larger than Ushuaia leaves in all the morphological parameters registered, while Ushuaia leaves were more circular than Moreno leaves with the highest roundness and elongation indexes. Nevertheless, histological sections showed that Ushuaia leaves have one more layer of palisade cells respect to Moreno leaves. Ushuaia leaves showed higher palisade cells, larger abaxial epidermal cells and thicker cuticles than Moreno leaves. The stomatal density was superior on Moreno leaves. Scanning Electron Microscope of abaxial epidermis showed a surface with numerous ridges of different forms that prevent the layout of epidermal cells on Moreno leaves. Appearance of this surface is glossy and oily. On the contrary, epidermal cells are well recognized on Ushuaia leaves. Stomata of anomocytic type were observed and surface looks waxy. Auto-fluorescence on leaf cross sections were observed on the vascular bundles and partially on the epidermis cells. B. microphylla leaves showed a high phenotypic plasticity between the two sites of cultivation. The changes in the leaf morphology and structure observed in Moreno leaves could indicate that the plants are trying to adjust its morphology to the new culture conditions i.e. higher temperatures and lower irradiance.
A New Species of Freycinetia Gaudich (Pandanaceae) from West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Rizki Fitri Sri , Chikmawati Tatik , Rugayah T.
Published: September 2015

A new species Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki & Rugayah is described and illustrated based on specimen character from Mount Nyiut-Sambas, West Kalimantan (Indonesia). The species is differed from others by having sessile pedicellus, concave cylindrical of inner bracts and bright red bracts.
Peritoneal Malignant Mesothelioma with Epithelioid Type, Demonstrating High Serum and Ascitic KL-6 Levels: Immunohistochemical Analyses
Authors: Nahar Saifun , Nakamoto Manabu , Hokama Akira , Kobashigawa Chiharu , Kaida Masatoshi , Kinjo Tetsu , Hirata Tetsuo , Kinjo Nagisa , Saio Masanao , Yoshimi Naoki , Ohtsuki Yuji , Fujita Jiro
Published: September 2015

We report a case of KL-6 producing peritoneal malignant mesothelioma. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our hospital on November 2005 with severe abdominal distention. Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma with epithelioid type was diagnosed by clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations, imaging studies, and immunohistochemical examination of known tumor markers. In addition, high serum and ascitic KL-6 levels were observed and the immunostaining of the tumor for KL-6 was evident. We thus consider KL-6 to be a potential novel marker for peritoneal malignant mesothelioma with epithelioid type.
Determinants of active pulmonary tuberculosis in Ambo Hospital, West Ethiopia
Authors: Ephrem Tenna , Mengiste Bezatu , Mesfin Frehiwot , Godana Wanzahun
Published: September 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis seen in cases in Ambo Hospital, Ethiopia.Design: A facility-based prospective case-control study.Setting: Patients attending Ambo Hospital from 01 December 2011 to 29 March 2012.Participants: The sample included 312 adult patients attending Ambo Hospital. The main outcome measure was presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Explanatory measures: Age, gender, occupation, educational status, marital status, place of residence, patient history of TB, family history of TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, smoking, alcohol intake, khat chewing, body mass index (BMI), employment, diabetes, history of asthma, previous history of worm infestation, history of hospitalisation, number of adults living in the household (HH), person per room, housing condition.Results: A total of 312 study participants, including 104 active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases (cases) and 208 non-active PTB cases (controls), were recruited for the present study. Having one or more family member with a history of TB (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.50–12.90), marital status (OR = 7.6; 95% CI: 2.2–12.6), male gender (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4–7), rural residence (OR = 3.3; P = 0.012), being a current or past smoker (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1–7.2), BMI < 18.5 (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.03–4.2), HIV infection (OR = 8.8; 95% CI: 2.4–23.8) and a history of worm infestation (OR = 6.4; 95% CI: 2.6–15.4) remained significant independent host-related factors for active PTB.Conclusion: Patients who came from a compound with more than two HHs were more likely to develop active PTB than those who came from a compound with only one HH. Those who lived in houses with no windows were more likely to develop active PTB than those who lived in houses with one or more windows, had a family history of TB, lived in rural areas. Sex of the patient was a predicting factor. Not being the owner of the house was significantly more associated with active PTB. Measures taken to reduce the prevalence and burden of active PTB should consider these determinant factors.
The Importance of Neighborhood Scheme Selection in Agent-based Tumor Growth Modeling
Authors: Tzedakis Georgios , Tzamali Eleftheria , Marias Kostas , Sakkalis Vangelis
Published: September 2015

Modeling tumor growth has proven a very challenging problem, mainly due to the fact that tumors are highly complex systems that involve dynamic interactions spanning multiple scales both in time and space. The desire to describe interactions in various scales has given rise to modeling approaches that use both continuous and discrete variables, known as hybrid approaches. This work refers to a hybrid model on a 2D square lattice focusing on cell movement dynamics as they play an important role in tumor morphology, invasion and metastasis and are considered as indicators for the stage of malignancy used for early prognosis and effective treatment. Considering various distributions of the microenvironment, we explore how Neumann vs. Moore neighborhood schemes affects tumor growth and morphology. The results indicate that the importance of neighborhood selection is critical under specific conditions that include i) increased hapto/chemo-tactic coefficient, ii) a rugged microenvironment and iii) ECM degradation.
Tools of the Trade: Adjunctive Tools for Lesion Crossing in Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Goldsweig Andrew M. , Hasan Faisal , Mena Carlos
Published: September 2015

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to obstructive atherosclerosis causes pain and tissue damage and may result in amputation and death. Revascularization saves the limbs and lives of patients with CLI. This review addresses adjunctive tools for lesion crossing, including mechanical atherectomy, laser atherectomy, crossing devices, and luminal reentry devices. Mechanical atherectomy devices are designed to excise atheroma, often heavily calcified, thereby preparing a channel for further intervention. Mechanisms (and devices) include directional (SilverHawk™, TurboHawk™, RockHawk™), rotational (Jetstream™, Pheonix™), and orbital (Diamondback 360°™, Predator 360°™, Stealth 360°™) atherectomy. A laser atherectomy device (Turbo Elite™) vaporizes atheroma by heating tissues with ultraviolet light. Crossing devices specifically designed for chronic total occlusions either navigate a vessel's true lumen or guide a controlled subintimal course with reentry into the distal true lumen. Crossing devices include Crosser® Catheter, Wildcat™, Ocelot™, Kittycat™, TruePath™, Viance™, Frontrunner™, TOTAL across™, and PowerWire™. When a guidewire or crossing device traverses a lesion via a subintimal course, a luminal reentry device may facilitate deployment of the guidewire in the distal vessel lumen. Reentry devices include Outback LTD™, Offroad™, Pioneer Plus™, and Enteer™.
Generalised (2+1)-dimensional Super MKdV Hierarchy for Integrable Systems in Soliton Theory
Authors: Dong Huanhe , Zhao Kun , Yang Hongwei , Li Yuqing
Published: September 2015

Much attention has been given to constructing Lie and Lie superalgebra for integrable systems in soliton theory, which often have significant scientific applications. However, this has mostly been confined to (1+1)-dimensional integrable systems, and there has been very little work on (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems. In this article, we construct a class of generalised Lie superalgebra that differs from more common Lie superalgebra to generate a (2+1)-dimensional super modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) hierarchy, via a generalised Tu scheme based on the Lax pair method where the Hamiltonian structure derives from a generalised supertrace identity. We also obtain some solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional mKdV equation using the G′/G2 method.
Tikhonov Regularisation Method for Simultaneous Inversion of the Source Term and Initial Data in a Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation
Authors: Ruan Zhousheng , Yang Jerry Zhijian , Lu Xiliang
Published: September 2015

The inverse problem of identifying the time-independent source term and initial value simultaneously for a time-fractional diffusion equation is investigated. This inverse problem is reformulated into an operator equation based on the Fourier method. Under a certain smoothness assumption, conditional stability is established. A standard Tikhonov regularisation method is proposed to solve the inverse problem. Furthermore, the convergence rate is given for an a priori and a posteriori regularisation parameter choice rule, respectively. Several numerical examples, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases, show the efficiency of our proposed method.
Understanding Social Media Mindset of Consumers: An Indian perspective
Authors: Mishra Sita , Tyagi Archana
Published: September 2015

Social media play increasingly important roles as a marketing platform. In today’s world, more and more retailers’ use social media to target teenagers and young adults as a result importance of bringing social networking sites (SNSs) as a part of daily life transactions cannot be underplayed. In the present paper the emphasis is upon the analyses of the social media mindset of consumers in India, and examining the impact of various variables of extended TAM in order to explain the variables that influence level of acceptance of SNS by Indian consumers. Results indicated positive and significant effects of perceived usefulness while perceived risk influenced negatively. Further, perceived ease of use and personal fit with brands both found to have a positive effect on marketing through SNS but were not significant. The results of present study in India pointed out that establishing personal fit with consumers and providing user-friendly web sites, and reducing the perceived risk has impact on developing positive attitudes.
Organizational impacts of the electronic processing system of the brazilian superior tribunal of justice
Authors: Freitas Christiana Soares de , Medeiros Janann Joslin
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a study on the social and organizational impacts of the Electronic Processing System (EPS) implemented in 2008 by the Brazilian Superior Tribunal of Justice (STJ). This system is part of a wider transformation process involving the implementation of a new management model at the STJ. The theoretical framework is based on the Technology Enactment Theory and other studies on the role of technological innovations in public organizations (Fountain, 2005; Freitas, 2012). The main goal of the research is to identify the most significant factors facilitating or inhibiting the innovation adoption. Results show different impacts of the EPS on professional groups and organizations. Political, cultural and economic aspects influence stakeholders’ perceptions of the innovation, including its sustainability, time and costs savings that impact the rate of adoption and the realization of benefits both to users and the organization investing in its development.
Usabilidade e preferência de uso na rede social facebook: uma análise netnográfica dos usuários tecnológicos
Authors: Ferreira Naiara Silva , Arruda Filho Emílio José Montero
Published: September 2015

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a preferência de uso das redes sociais virtuais, utilizando o Facebook como objeto de estudo, e visando identificar os fatores motivacionais para a usabilidade dessa plataforma tecnológica. A rede social Facebook foi escolhida por apresentar um cenário tecnológico de alta sociabilidade e interação virtual. Como metodologia foi utilizada a netnografia, sendo feita através da coleta das discussões em sites de notícias e fóruns de discussão norte-americanos, onde existe uma ampla participação crítica dos usuários na internet sobre os ganhos e frustrações no dado contexto. A análise de conteúdo foi realizada confrontando as categorias de usuários encontradas com a literatura sobre valores que motivam o consumo tecnológico, descrevendo os valores hedônicos, sociais, utilitários e as percepções de risco nesse consumo, quando relacionado à falta de privacidade. Os resultados demonstram 2 grupos principais de usuários dessa tecnologia e 7 subgrupos. Logo, a contribuição do estudo. A contribuição do estudo é que a formação desses grupos tecnológicos pode refletir a usabilidade de outros grupos de usuários espalhados pelo mundo. O estudo também traz para a discussão, problemáticas referentes aos comportamentos dos usuários das redes virtuais, que pode ser útil para as empresas e suas relações com consumidores e também no desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos a partir dessas críticas e demandas que os consumidores digitais expõem sobre as tecnologias.
Proximal Medial Tibial Bone Graft Harvesting in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Dalal Rakesh B , Rachha Rajesh , Sugathan Hari Kovilazhikathu
Published: September 2015

Cancellous bone graft harvesting from proximal tibia is usually by a lateral approach. We describe our technique and results in harvesting proximal tibia bone graft by a medial approach in foot and ankle surgery. Our results confirm that medial proximal tibial bone graft harvesting is a relatively safe and easy procedure to obtain adequate amount of autogenous cancellous bone graft. Donor site morbidity was found to be very low and fusion rate was found to be excellent in a variety of foot and ankle surgeries.

How to cite this article

Dalal R, Sugathan HK, Rachha R. Proximal Medial Tibial Bone Graft Harvesting in Foot and Ankle Surgery. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):27-30.
Hindfoot Infections: What to do and How?
Authors: Saibaba Balaji , Gopinathan Nirmal Raj
Published: September 2015

Hindfoot infections though uncommon, pose a major cause of orthopedic concern in view of their delayed diagnosis and lack of adequate expertise in their successful management. If untreated, these infections can cause significant morbidity and functional impairment which can even culminate in amputation. Successful management of this otherwise disabling condition warrants a thorough knowledge about the various etiopathological factors, the myriad clinical presentations, available diagnostic modalities and specific management strategies–medical and/or surgical. Timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention is the key for eradicating hindfoot infections and restoring the patient's functional status.

How to cite this article

Gopinathan NR, Dhillon MS, Saibaba B. Hindfoot Infections: What to do and How? J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):31-37.
Neglected Stress Fracture of Navicular Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rajasekaran S , Silvampatti Sundararajan , Pradeep AR
Published: September 2015

Navicular fractures are the most common stress fractures of tarsal bones, with calcaneum fractures accounting for almost all of the remainder. Diagnosis is commonly delayed and these fractures carry on with a risk of displacement and nonunion, thus affecting the outcome.

A 17-year-old university level female athlete presented with pain along the anteromedial aspect of her foot suffering since one- and half-year without a history of specific trauma. On evaluation, she was found to have stress fracture of navicular bone which was neglected and has gone for nonunion.

Satisfactory outcome was achieved by open reduction and internal fixation with cancellous screw and iliac crest strut grafting followed by appropriate rehabilitation.

How to cite this article

Silvampatti S, Pradeep AR, Rajasekaran S. Neglected Stress Fracture of Navicular Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1): 38-40.
Lateral Swivel Dislocation of the Hindfoot : A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kapila Rajesh , Verka Partap singh , Garg Radhe sham , Ahmed Mannan
Published: September 2015

Lateral swivel dislocation, a subtype pattern of dislocations occurring at mid tarsal joint is a rare type of injury. A medially or laterally directed force applied to the forefoot causes dislocation of the talonavicular joint but not subtalar joint. The calcaneum alongwith the remaining foot swivels on the intact interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. The present case report is a more rare lateral swivel type of dislocation of talonavicular joint in a 25-year-old male. The article also presents a comprehensive review of literature and management of such type of injuries of the hindfoot .

How to cite this article

Kapila R, Verka Ps, Garg Rs, Ahmed M. Lateral Swivel Dislocation of the Hindfoot: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1): 41-43.
Influence of Drain Holes in Jacketing on Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation
Authors: Pojtanabuntoeng Thunyaluk , Machuca Laura L. , Salasi Mobin , Kinsella Brian , Cooper Martyn
Published: September 2015

Jacketing or a weather barrier is usually installed in insulated piping systems and pressure vessels to prevent water ingress and protect the insulation. In the event of water penetration and accumulation resulting from poor design and/or aging of the jacketing, drain holes are proposed to accelerate the water dry-out process. This study investigated the influence of jacketing and drain holes on corrosion under insulation of carbon steel. In an enclosed system without the drain holes, where the water dry-out process is reduced, the underlying steel remains exposed to the corrosive environment for a longer period of time. Severe pitting corrosion was observed, which could be a result of limited oxygen diffusion into the insulation creating differential aeration environments favorable for pitting corrosion. The presence of drain holes promoted the water dry-out rate and oxygen diffusion into the insulation. As a result, the average corrosion rate increased in short-term exposure tests, but over a longer term the average corrosion rate, as well as the pitting rate, decreased.
Ensemble data assimilation of total column ozone using a coupled meteorology–chemistry model and its impact on the structure of Typhoon Nabi (2005)
Authors: Lim S. , Park S. K. , Zupanski M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Ozone (O3) plays an important role in chemical reactions and is usually incorporated in chemical data assimilation (DA). In tropical cyclones (TCs), O3 usually shows a lower concentration inside the eyewall and an elevated concentration around the eye, impacting meteorological as well as chemical variables. To identify the impact of O3 observations on TC structure, including meteorological and chemical information, we developed a coupled meteorology–chemistry DA system by employing the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and an ensemble-based DA algorithm – the maximum likelihood ensemble filter (MLEF). For a TC case that occurred over East Asia, Typhoon Nabi (2005), our results indicate that the ensemble forecast is reasonable, accompanied with larger background state uncertainty over the TC, and also over eastern China. Similarly, the assimilation of O3 observations impacts meteorological and chemical variables near the TC and over eastern China. The strongest impact on air quality in the lower troposphere was over China, likely due to the pollution advection. In the vicinity of the TC, however, the strongest impact on chemical variables adjustment was at higher levels. The impact on meteorological variables was similar in both over China and near the TC. The analysis results are verified using several measures that include the cost function, root mean square (RMS) error with respect to observations, and degrees of freedom for signal (DFS). All measures indicate a positive impact of DA on the analysis – the cost function and RMS error have decreased by 16.9 and 8.87 %, respectively. In particular, the DFS indicates a strong positive impact of observations in the TC area, with a weaker maximum over northeastern China.
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (SAO OMPS) formaldehyde retrieval
Authors: González Abad G. , Vasilkov A. , Seftor C. , Liu X. , Chance K.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. This paper presents our new formaldehyde (H2CO) retrievals, obtained from spectra recorded by the nadir instrument of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) flown on-board NASA's Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SUOMI-NPP) satellite. Our algorithm is similar to the one currently in place for the production of NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational H2CO product. We are now able to produce a consistent set of long term data from two different instruments that share a similar concept. The ongoing overlap period between OMI and OMPS offers a perfect opportunity to study the consistency between both data sets. The different spatial and spectral resolution of the instruments is a source of discrepancy in the retrievals despite the similarity of the physic assumptions of the algorithm. We have concluded that the reduced spectral resolution of OMPS in comparison with OMI is not a significant obstacle in obtaining good quality retrievals. Indeed, the improved signal to noise ratio (SNR) of OMPS with respect to OMI helps to reduce the noise of the retrievals performed using OMPS spectra. However, the size of OMPS spatial pixels imposes a limitation in the capability to distinguish particular features of H2CO that are discernible with OMI. With root mean square (RMS) residuals ~ 5 × 10−4 for individual pixels we estimate the detection limit to be about 7.5 × 1015 molecules cm−2. Total vertical column densities (VCD) errors for individual pixels range between 40 % for pixels with high concentrations to 100 % or more for pixels with concentrations at or below the detection limit. We compare different OMI products with our OMPS product using one year of data, between September 2012 and September 2013. The seasonality of the retrieved slant columns is captured similarly by all products but there are discrepancies in the values of the VCDs. The mean biases among the two OMI products and our OMPS product are 21 % between OMI SAO and OMPS SAO and 38 % between OMI BIRA and OMPS SAO for eight selected regions.