bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of intelligent system for automated traffic control
Authors: Revyakina Yelena , Cherckesova Larissa , Safaryan Olga , Porksheyan Vitaliy , Nikishina Tatyana , Andryushchenko Sergey
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the issue of regulating traffic congestion in major cities of the world using artificial neural networks. Research is aimed at developing import – substituting automated intelligent system that uses artificial neural network to make decisions to optimize traffic congestion by changing the duration of light phases of traffic lights. Multilayer perceptron with sigmoidal activation function is used as neural network. The article describes developing stages of intelligent automated traffic control system that using artificial neural networks allows making informed decisions based on extensive analysis of available information, as well as constantly adapt it to incoming external influences that lead to non – equilibrium state. Practical application of the proposed system is expressed in unloading road sections adjacent to highway; reducing the number of traffic jams in the lanes or reducing the length of the car queue; automating traffic control and reducing the number of emergency cases that require inspection personnel to leave for manual control. System allow improving overall traffic situation by avoiding cascading traffic jams on adjacent sections; prevention of accidents and conflicts between motorists and pedestrians; improving the reliability of adjustment and reducing cost of maintenance infrastructure.
Effectiveness of demulsifiers for the destruction of highly mineralized water-oil emulsions of the Srednebotuobinsky oil and gas condensate field
Authors: Ivanova Maria , Tomskii Kirill
Published: December 2020

One of the most serious problems of field oil treatment at the Srednebotuobinsky oil and gas condensate field is an abnormally high content of chloride salts, reaching 350 thousand mg / dm3. The high content of chloride salts significantly complicates the preparation of oil and requires other approaches both in production and in the preparation of extracted raw materials. In this paper, the influence of the drilling fluid used in the Srednebotuobinsky oil and gas condensate field together with the most popular demulsifiers and the effect of acidity on the oil dehydration process are considered. To determine the compatibility of the drilling fluid with the formation water of the field, tests were conducted at various concentrations of the drilling fluid at temperatures. Based on the results of the data obtained, the optimal concentration of Flo-Pro NT drilling fluid from M-I Drilling Fluids Co and ANCO-2000 from ANCOR Drilling Fluids was determined at reservoir temperatures and oil treatment temperatures. Under the conditions selected above, the dynamics of desalination and dehydration of oil from the Srednebotuobinsky field were determined at various dosages of demulsifiers DMO 25126 and Dissolvan 13853 and at various acidities of the medium.
The application example of the comparative analysis in the context of process translation modeling
Authors: Shulgan Vera
Published: December 2020

Currently, a specific mathematical apparatus and methods of mathematical modeling are used to evaluate and verify translations. The theory is just developing and in this article we will show the application of modeling methods on a specific example of studying toponyms.The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of using toponyms with the connotation inherent in biblicalism in translations of poetic works of the Ukrainian writer I. Franko. A comparative analysis of Russian and English translations clearly shows the discrepancies in the choice of translation strategies that were used in relation to these onyms by Russian and English translators. An attempt to evaluate the quantitative aspect of the comparative analysis of the work of I. Franko in the translation by D. Brodsky, V. Azarov, V. Rich, V. Semenin, P. Dyatlov, P. Kandy and B. Melnik was identified as a research task.
Environmental management and proposals to improve the wage system
Authors: Rodionov Alexander , Danilina Marina , Dmitrieva Galina , Pimenov Nikolai , Burikin Evgeniy , Buraev Fedor
Published: December 2020

In today’s global economy, the importance of environmental and social responsibility is constantly growing. There are thousands of environmental and social standards and guidelines around the world today. These guidelines and standards define requirements and objectives. However, the main problem is their practical implementation and implementation. The Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) enables companies to integrate the requirements of these guidelines and standards into their operations by organizing a set of well- defined, iterative processes. One aspect of this system is the remuneration system. On the basis of content analysis and analysis of statistical data, the authors develop proposals for improving this system.
Environmental management and the poverty monitoring in the subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Omelchenko Irina , Dozortzev Oleg , Danilina Marina , Vas’kov Alexander , Selivanova Olga , Vartanyanz Tatiana
Published: December 2020

The degradation of the natural world undermines efforts to eradicate poverty, scientists warn and note that the only chance for global prosperity for all countries is to recognize the fight against poverty as an environmental challenge. The most important driver for achieving environmental sustainability is the fight against poverty. It is generally accepted that poverty is a consequence of environmental degradation. On the basis of the materials from 77 constituent entities of the Russian Federation the authors determined that the provided regional action plans to achieve the national goal of halving the poverty level is not sufficient and propose the additional list of measures to achieve this goal. The authors propose the methods for calculating the target value of the poverty level indicator (the level of the population with incomes below the subsistence level and the distribution of target persons across the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
Applying implicit knowledge for enterprise architectural transformation
Authors: Petrov Igor , Larinina Tatyana , Samosudova Natalia
Published: December 2020

The study describes a simulation model for the formalization of implicit knowledge about the team. The existing algorithms and methods of work to increase the amount of useful knowledge about the human capital of the organization do not allow obtaining knowledge about the development of the team and internal relationships. The effectiveness of architectural transformations directly depends on the quality of human capital management. The proposed model formalizes relations in the organization and proposes to form one of 4 strategies for personnel development, considering the individual characteristics of each of the employees. The article introduces the concepts of types of thinking and their connection to the life cycle of an organization. The study showed that the assessment of the organization’s personnel composition reveals the hidden cause-effect relationships between the effectiveness of the team and the stages of the organization’s life cycle.
Effectiveness of innovative solutions in an energy company
Authors: Minnullina A , Minnullin R , Antropova A , Kosyakova I
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes a methodology for assessing the level of innovative growth of an energy company, which is based on the calculation of the integral indicator. Within the framework of the proposed method, the integral indicator of innovative growth is calculated according to four groups of indicators reflecting the results of the company’s activities. In this case, unit and group weight coefficient are taken into account. In order to reflect the practical application of the results obtained, calculations of the main indicators of innovative growth of a large diversified energy company operating in the Tyumen and Kurgan regions were carried out. The result of a comprehensive assessment and the calculation of the integral indicator serve as final indicators that focus on the main problems of innovative growth and help to correct the identified inconsistencies in time.
VR and AR technologies in the modern cultural space and their role in environmental education
Authors: Sirazhiden Damira
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, in the era of digitalization, it is becoming more and more important to use digital content wisely. This also applies to the cultural heritage of any country. In the context of globalization, reasonable measures should be taken to use content to ensure the sustainability of national identity. In recent decades, new technologies have been developed and used for digital preservation in the form of three-dimensional computer models of various sizes, ranging from very small museum exhibits to the largest cathedrals and castles. The advantages of computer models are undeniable. Through prototyping and reverse engineering, important exhibits are created that make it possible not only to see, but also to hold in one place, thereby allowing a better understanding of historical events and their significance. Three-dimensional visualization provides virtual tours to different places and at different times. Unfortunately, the development of such content is very expensive. Moreover, the technologies for a successful level of immersion are under development. This applies to the criteria for content quality and accessibility and interaction functionality. It is also important to understand what elements to virtualize and how this relates to ensuring cultural identity. Rapidly developing ICT technologies have become a tool for accelerating the creation of information societies around the world. Thanks to this, many traditional services have found a new digital space for functioning and, thus, have reached a global dimension. One example is virtual museums, which provide access to their resources for every interested person who has an Internet connection.
Assessment of public health of production workers according to HRV
Authors: Bashkireva Anastasia , Bashkireva Tatiana , Severin Alexander , Chibisov Sergey , Fateeva Natalia , Severina Evgeniya
Published: December 2020

The study of the social health of labour resources as human capital is an actual problem. In production workers, the vegetative status was studied in terms of heart rate variability. By the concept of autonomic reactivity A.M. Greenberg, the results of the study found that the vegetative status of male employees and workers differs. The employees performing functions related to the organization of the production process showed general sympathicotonia. Workers performing specific production tasks have a general sympathicotonia. The results of the study found that vegetative status makes it possible to assess the social health of production workers. In the context of the intensive introduction of neural networks and nanotechnology into industrial production, the number of employees will increase. As a result, there will be an increase in the likelihood of cardio- respiratory system diseases among this contingent of workers. This will entail the development of corrective programs for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, and the introduction of changes in the classifier of occupational diseases.
Means of expressing emotions in the engineering profession
Authors: Shcherbakova I , Kovalchuk N , Timashova M
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the language means representing indignation emotion in art communication on the basis of material of the Russian and German languages. The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyze the language means of objectification of an emotional condition of indignation the artistic discourse in the author`s and character’s speech. To achieve the goal the following methods of research are used: descriptive, contextual and stylistic-pragmatic analyses and linguistic observation technique. Fiction texts of classical and modern literature in the Russian and German languages have served as the practical material for this research. It has been established that the emotional condition of indignation in the artistic discourse is expressed by verbal and non-verbal means through the direct nomination of this emotion, as well as by means of the description. The theoretical importance of the research lies in the studying of the mechanisms of linguistic indignation emotion expression means in the artistic discourse.
Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of their offspring over various periods of growing their offspring under farm conditions
Authors: Zelenkov Alexey , Zelenkova Galina , Tresnitskii Sergei , Bykadorov Pavel , Volgina Natalia , Medvedev Andrey
Published: December 2020

The greatest success in improving the breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle can be achieved through the use of high-value breeding bulls. The role of producers at the modern stages of beef cattle breeding has increased dramatically, so the evaluation of bulls by the quality of offspring has become an important breeding event to improve and create highly productive herds of beef cattle. At the same time, the use of bulls that are predisposed to various diseases or the deterioration of their offspring can cause irreparable negative consequences for beef cattle breeding. In the course of research work in the conditions of the farm, studies were conducted to assess the quality of bulls-producers of the Hereford breed of cattle. Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of offspring in farm conditions will increase the efficiency of herd reproduction technology in beef cattle breeding, allow rational use of bulls, get a high yield of calves (90-95%), organize the accuracy of accounting for the origin of young animals, increase the level of breeding work to improve the productive, breeding qualities of animals and create highly productive herds of Hereford cattle in a shorter time.
Mechanisms for optimizing procurement activities in construction based on cost management of contract works
Authors: Kharisov Ilnur , Artamonova Iuliia , Bilenko Pavel , Sborshikov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The problem of optimizing procurement activities is one of the most important at the enterprises of the construction complex, since it allows saving financial resources and reducing the time of work with constant quality parameters. As a rule, based on the results of the procurement, an agreement is concluded with the supplier that offered the lowest price. This methodology does not allow evaluating the proposed price options in terms of finding reserves to reduce construction costs, since This technique does not reveal all the hidden “pitfalls” that “unscrupulous contractors” lay when conducting tenders. Often, the customer of a construction project becomes hostage to the “low price”, at which it is necessary either to increase the price, or to increase the terms, or to change the contractor organization. The solution to this problem can be a new methodology for preparing tender documents, which assumes the classification of types of work in the form of a hierarchical structure and the determination of cost by type and code of work. This makes it possible to make a comparative assessment of contractors’ proposals in the context of individual cost items and to determine the average price based on the results of the tender. At the second stage of the competitive procedure, contractors are asked to optimize their bids to the level of the average or the lowest price, if they are higher, and to keep the offered price, if it was the lowest. Often contractors work with “usual” suppliers and stop monitoring the market for the best price. The use of this technique leads to minimization of the costs of contracting work both for the customer at the expense of the minimum price and for the contractor by identifying the potential for price reductions, and also allows the customer to obtain the required volume of construction work of the required quality within the planned time frame without reducing the internal rate of return of the contracting company organizations.
Project management in environmental construction
Authors: Oskolkova M
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the stages and tools for managing the construction project of SK Art-Sroy LLC and the development of the normal of the project planning process, the matrix of responsibility and the structure of the project team. The main activity of the organization is general contracting, management of all processes at the construction site, control of each stage of production, responsibility for implementation of the project, starting with preparation of the site and ending with the delivery of the finished object to the Customer. For clarity, the normal of one of the stages of project management is presented, with its help it is possible to trace the technologies for performing individual tasks and relationship of individual officials. The structure of the construction project team was developed and the matrix of responsibility of the project participants was determined. Also, in the course of the analysis, a number of issues were identified that the organization faces in the process of managing a construction project.
Who has the largest share in automotive (car) industry of Pakistan?
Authors: Tran Aí Huu , Subhani Muhammad Imtiaz , Ushakov Denis
Published: December 2020

This research aims to better comprehend & dissect the supply & demand in automotive industry of Pakistan. The primary objective of this study is to delve into casing-works which empowers us to better understand the biggest piece of the overall automotive (car) industry of Pakistan by utilizing interest & expense parameters of automotive items in business sector. The research aims to determine market shares of automotive (car) brands in Pakistani automotive industry. Finding confirms that in Pakistan in automotive or automobile (cars) industry, the Suzuki brand is enjoying the highest market share among the selected/ outlined brands and leading the industry with 29% of market shares. Toyota is enjoying 26% market shares while Honda brand is the third most winning brands in automotive industry in Pakistan with 25% market shares. Further, Nissan, Kia and Daihatsu have 10%, 6% and 4% market shares respectively for the years 2000 to 2019. In developing countries like Pakistan individuals have relatively lower wages, thus a vehicle-purchase decision requires more due-diligence, whereby the accessibility of car-parts in neighborhood markets, how pricy the car parts are, & the resale estimation of brand, are the primary decision-marking factors. The highest market shares which is being enjoyed by Suzuki brand confirms that people of Pakistan buy Suzuki brand mostly due to the above mentioned factors. Therefore automotive businesses need not only focus upon bringing vehicles into the Pakistani market, but also need to focus upon rating high in the purchase decision-making factors as that of car-parts availability, credit/installment payments, and a worth-while resale price.
Pharmakologische und nicht pharmakologische Symptomtherapie bei amyotropher Lateralsklerose
Authors: Hüning Kirsten , Weydt Patrick , Hesse Michaela , Ates Gülay , Cuhls Henning , Radbruch Lukas
Published: December 2020

Die amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) stellt mit ihrer fehlenden kausalen Therapierbarkeit und ihren zahlreichen Symptomen eine große Herausforderung für alle Behandelnden und Begleitenden dar. Neben dem Medikament Riluzol, wodurch eine kurze Lebenszeitverlängerung bewirkt werden kann, befinden sich mehrere Wirkstoffe im Stadium der Erprobung im Rahmen von Studien. Für die symptomatische Behandlung der ALS liegen nur wenige randomisierte, placebokontrollierte Studien vor. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die pharmakologischen und nicht pharmakologischen Therapiemöglichkeiten bei ALS. Es wurden die Datenbanken CENTRAL, Medline, PsycINFO und Pubmed nach Artikeln in englischer Sprache bis August 2018 durchsucht. Die Entwicklungen nach dem Beobachtungszeitraum werden in einem gesonderten Abschnitt behandelt. Mit der systematischen Suchstrategie wurden 232 Publikationen identifiziert, wovon 34 in die Übersicht eingeflossen sind, ein Artikel aus anderer Quelle wurde hinzugefügt. Hierunter befanden sich 9 kontrollierte Studien, von denen 7 die Wirksamkeit therapeutischer Medikamente bei ALS untersuchen. Ein Großteil der Studien basiert auf geringen Patientenzahlen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Angaben zur Effektivität der jeweiligen Interventionen. Neben der Behandlung mit Riluzol 2x50mg/d stellen die nicht invasive Beatmung (NIV), die Versorgung mit einer perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) sowie die Betreuung durch ein multidisziplinäres Team Faktoren dar, die die tracheotomiefreie Überlebenszeit der Patienten verlängern können. Die Durchführung weiterer randomisierter, kontrollierter Studien mit höheren Patientenzahlen auch im Bereich der symptomatischen Therapien wird von fast allen zitierten Autoren angeregt. Da die Behandlung mit Riluzol, die Versorgung mit NIV, einer PEG sowie die Anbindung der Patienten an ein multidisziplinäres Team hinsichtlich Überlebenszeit und Erhalt der Lebensqualität relevant sind, gilt es, den Patienten diese Optionen zum geeigneten Zeitpunkt zur Verfügung zu stellen.
A Presentation of Pediatric Sjögren's Syndrome with Abducens Nerve Palsy
Authors: Lin Jenny , Gadde Judith A. , Flanagan Elaine , Gombolay Grace
Published: December 2020

Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease that classically presents with xerophthalmia and xerostomia. However, neurological manifestations occur in 10 to 60% of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and can often precede classic sicca symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome in some cases up to several years. Rarely, cranial neuropathy can be the initial presentation. Here, we present the first case of a 15-year-old girl with left abducens palsy in the setting of a new diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Comprehensive evaluation revealed elevated Sjögren's syndrome–related antigen A-60 antibody. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Radiological studies demonstrated evidence of chronic parotitis. Acute treatment included high-dose methylprednisolone and rituximab, and symptoms resolved by follow-up at 2 weeks. The most common neurological disorder of Sjögren's syndrome is pure sensory neuropathy. In pediatric Sjögren's syndrome, neurological complications are rare but include aseptic meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, and cranial neuropathies. In the circumstance of a cranial neuropathy, the trigeminal nerve is most commonly involved but oculomotor nerves can occasionally be affected. Abducens palsies have been described in four patients with Sjögren's syndrome, typically women and all middle aged or older, with our patient being the first pediatric case. Thus, it is important to consider screening for Sjögren's syndrome in the evaluation of pediatric patients with new onset of isolated cranial neuropathy even in the absence of classic sicca symptoms.
Nasojejunal Feeding Is Safe and Effective Alternative to Feeding Jejunostomy for Postoperative Enteral Nutrition in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Deepjyoti Kalita , Bannoth Srinivas , Purkayastha Joydeep , Borthakur Bibhuti B. , Talukdar Abhijit , Pegu Niju , Das Gaurav
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Surgery for gastric cancer in the form of total or distal gastrectomy is definitive treatment. Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) though improves postoperative nutritional status and outcome, it is not devoid of its complications. In this study, we present the outcomes of nasojejunal (NJ) feeding and FJ and complications associated with them.

Materials and Methods It is both retrospective and prospective observational study in patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent FJ and those who underwent NJ route of feeding placed intraoperatively.

Results A total of 279 patients of gastric cancer who underwent surgery were taken into study, of which, 165 were male and 114 females. FJ was done in 42 and NJ in 237 patients, respectively. Gastrectomy + NJ was done in 128 patients, gastrectomy + FJ in 27 patients, gastrojejunostomy + NJ in 109 patients, and FJ in 15 patients. We had three patients of bile leaks in FJ group, of which one patient had intraperitoneal leak who needed re-exploration; rest of the two had peri-FJ external leaks, who were managed conservatively. Most of the complications of NJ group were minor.

Conclusion Our study of 279 patients in gastric cancer has shown that FJ is sometimes associated with major complications with increased hospital stay and morbidity when compared with NJ tube feeding without any difference in nutritional outcomes. Hence, NJ route of postoperative enteral nutrition can be considered as an alternative to FJ wherever feasible in view of its technical safety and minor complications and morbidity.
On the overlap between configurations in glassy liquids
Authors: Guiselin Benjamin , Tarjus Gilles , Berthier Ludovic
Published: December 2020

The overlap, or similarity, between liquid configurations is at the core of the mean-field description of the glass transition and remains a useful concept when studying three-dimensional glass-forming liquids. In liquids, however, the overlap involves a tolerance, typically of a fraction a/σ of the inter-particle distance, associated with how precisely similar two configurations must be for belonging to the same physically relevant “state.” Here, we systematically investigate the dependence of the overlap fluctuations and of the resulting phase diagram when the tolerance is varied over a large range. We show that while the location of the dynamical and thermodynamic glass transitions (if present) is independent of a/σ, that of the critical point associated with a transition between a low- and a high-overlap phase in the presence of an applied source nontrivially depends on the value of a/σ. We rationalize our findings by using liquid-state theory and the hypernetted-chain approximation for correlation functions. In addition, we confirm the theoretical trends by studying a three-dimensional glass-former by computer simulations. We show, in particular, that a range of a/σ below what is commonly considered maximizes the temperature of the critical point, pushing it up in a liquid region where viscosity is low and computer investigations are easier due to a significantly faster equilibration.
Charge-spin conversion signal in WTe2 van der Waals hybrid devices with a geometrical design
Authors: Zhao Bing , Hoque Anamul Md. , Khokhriakov Dmitrii , Karpiak Bogdan , Dash Saroj P.
Published: December 2020

The efficient generation and control of spin polarization via charge-spin conversion in topological semimetals are desirable for future spintronic and quantum technologies. Here, we report the charge-spin conversion (CSC) signals measured in a Weyl semimetal candidate WTe2-based hybrid graphene device with a geometrical design. Notably, the geometrical angle of WTe2 on the graphene spin-valve channel yields contributions to symmetric and anti-symmetric CSC signal components. The spin precession measurements of the CSC signal at different gate voltages and ferromagnet magnetization show the robustness of the CSC in WTe2 at room temperature. These results can be useful for the design of heterostructure devices and in the architectures of two-dimensional spintronic circuits.
Quantifying the enhancement mechanisms of surface-enhanced Raman scattering using a Raman bond model
Authors: Chen Ran , Jensen Lasse
Published: December 2020

In this work, a Raman bond model that partitions the Raman intensity to interatomic charge flow modulations or Raman bonds is extended from the static limit to frequency dependent cases. This model is based on damped response theory and, thus, enables a consistent treatment of off-resonance and resonance cases. Model systems consisting of pyridines and silver clusters are studied using time dependent density functional theory to understand the enhancement mechanisms of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The Raman bonds in the molecule, the inter-fragment bond, and the cluster are mapped to the enhancement contributions of the molecular resonance mechanism, the charge transfer mechanism, and the electromagnetic mechanism. The mapping quantifies the interference among the coupled mechanisms and interprets the electromagnetic mechanism as charge flow modulations in the metal. The dependence of the enhancement on the incident frequency, the molecule–metal bonding, and the applied electric field is interpreted and quantified. The Raman bond framework offers an intuitive and quantitative interpretation of SERS mechanisms.
Waveform control of molecular dynamics close to a conical intersection
Authors: Schüppel Franziska , Schnappinger Thomas , Bäuml Lena , de Vivie-Riedle Regina
Published: December 2020

Conical intersections are ubiquitous in chemical systems but, nevertheless, extraordinary points on the molecular potential energy landscape. They provide ultra-fast radiationless relaxation channels, their topography influences the product branching, and they equalize the timescales of the electron and nuclear dynamics. These properties reveal optical control possibilities in the few femtosecond regime. In this theoretical study, we aim to explore control options that rely on the carrier envelope phase of a few-cycle IR pulse. The laser interaction creates an electronic superposition just before the wave packet reaches the conical intersection. The imprinted phase information is varied by the carrier envelope phase to influence the branching ratio after the conical intersection. We test and analyze this scenario in detail for a model system and show to what extent it is possible to transfer this type of control to a realistic system like uracil.
Toward high voltage radio frequency devices in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Moser Neil , Liddy Kyle , Islam Ahmad , Miller Nicholas , Leedy Kevin , Asel Thaddeus , Mou Shin , Green Andrew , Chabak Kelson
Published: December 2020

The path to achieving integrated RF and power conversion circuitry using the β-Ga2O3 material system is described with regard to the materials high Johnson's RF figure of merit. Recent results, including large signal data at VD = 50 V, are provided, showing progress in achieving high-voltage RF operation. Additionally, progress in achieving high-gain devices through gate length scaling is also benchmarked by a record RF power device with a gate length of 0.5 μm achieving a 2.1 GHz μm fT−LG product. These results are compared with state-of-the-art RF devices, and the expectations for β-Ga2O3 at this point in its maturity throughout this Letter with future milestones laid out to measure progress. The conclusion includes near- and long-term projections for β-Ga2O3 devices for RF based on the results and projected milestones presented.
Microfluidic immunoassay for detection of serological antibodies: A potential tool for rapid evaluation of immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hartanto Hogi , Wu Minghui , Lam Miu Ling , Chen Ting-Hsuan
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 became a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and territories. Millions of lives are still affected because of mandatory quarantines, which hamstring economies and induce panic. Immunology plays a major role in the modern field of medicine, especially against virulent infectious diseases. In this field, neutralizing antibodies are heavily studied because they reflect the level of infection and individuals' immune status, which are essential when considering resumption of work, flight travel, and border entry control. More importantly, it also allows evaluating the antiviral vaccine efficacy as vaccines are still known for being the ultimate intervention method to inhibit the rapid spread of virulent infectious diseases. In this Review, we first introduce the host immune response after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the latest results using conventional immunoassays. Next, as an enabling platform for detection with sufficient sensitivity while saving analysis time and sample size, the progress of microfluidic-based immunoassays is discussed and compared based on surface modification, microfluidic kinetics, signal output, signal amplification, sample matrix, and the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Based on the overall comparison, this Review concludes by proposing the future integration of visual quantitative signals on microfluidic devices as a more suitable approach for general use and large-scale surveillance.
Enhanced Power Grid Stability Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
Authors: Okedu Kenneth
Published: December 2020

Enhanced Power Grid Stability Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators addresses the latest schemes, modeling, and control strategies for improving variable speed wind turbines. Throughout this book, simulations are carried out using modern software packages to model different types of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults for transient stability analysis and modeling techniques for wind turbine power systems.

Key features:Discusses doubly-fed induction generators, fault ride through, and other concepts for improving stability of power gridsAddresses grid performance—a necessary but often overlooked consideration in renewable power resourcesDemonstrates various approaches and appropriate control strategies which can be very effective to stabilize a grid connected wind farm

Engineers and professionals involved in the construction and design of power grids and wind farms will find this a valuable resource. This book is also for professors and graduate students in electrical engineering and policy makers and advocates involved in renewable energy.
Using Parallel Interleaved Converters and Dynamic Resistors during Three-Phase Faults
Authors: Okedu Kenneth
Published: December 2020

Transient operations are very crucial for high power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, because high current and voltage are applied during this period for several microseconds. Therefore, the ability for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) variable speed wind turbine power converters to withstand abnormal conditions is strictly imperative in order to achieve its lifetime specifications and also fulfill the grid codes. This chapter presents a new control scheme for DFIG wind turbine having Parallel Interleaved Converters (PIC) configuration and a series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) connected at its stator side. Interleaving the wind turbine converters in parallel configuration could help to increase the current capability, while the SDBR helps in post fault recovery of the wind turbine. The coordinated control analysis of the scheme was implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation environment for a severe three-phase to ground fault. Results obtained were compared with the conventional DC chopper and crowbar rotor circuit protection scheme for the wind turbine. A better performance of the wind turbine variables were achieved using the proposed control scheme of the PIC and SDBR because the space vector modulation of the PIC results in maximum value of the change in common mode voltage, leading to improved switched output voltage of the voltage source converter leg.
Alternative Voltage Source T-type Grid Side Converter
Authors: Okedu Kenneth
Published: December 2020

Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) are generally used to achieve energy conservation in wind energy applications. The conventional 2-level VSCs are commonly used in Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbines. Recently, the technology of multilevel converters in wind generators is becoming promising compared to the 2-level converters. This is because they can overcome some limitations of the 2-level converter performance during transients. This chapter presents a new alternative T-type multilevel VSC topology for the grid side converter of the DFIG. The analysis and switching strategy of the T-type converter was presented. Simulations were run in Power System Computer Aided Design and Electromagnetic Transient Including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) and results using the new T-type converter topology were compared with scenarios where the wind generator was protected by conventional crowbar, DC-chopper and parallel interleaved of the 2-level converters for the rotor and grid side converters of the DFIG. The results show the improved performance of the wind generator during transient, thus saving the cost of external expensive circuitry (crowbar) and more switching IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) (interleaving both converters). Furthermore, the performance of the T-type DFIG based grid converter was enhanced using a braking resistor connected to the stator of the wind generator.
Mature herbs as supplements to ruminant diets: effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and ammonia production
Authors: Kapp-Bitter Alexandra N. , Dickhoefer Uta , Kreuzer Michael , Leiber Florian
Published: December 2020

Context
High concentrations of crude protein in ruminant diets may lead to excessive production of ruminal ammonia, which may stress the animal’s metabolism and impact nitrogen efficiency. This may become a problem in zero-concentrate feeding systems when pasture grass is rich in crude protein. Polyphenols such as tannins may protect part of dietary protein from ruminal degradation and thus inhibit ammonia formation.

Aims
The present study screened mature herbs for their potential to mitigate ruminal ammonia formation in cattle, when provided as a supplement to a forage diet.

Methods
Thirty-five temperate-climate, herbaceous meadow plant species (including three legumes) that appear in biodiverse natural and sown pastures were investigated for their effects on ruminal ammonia production. Aboveground material was harvested during ripening of the seeds and analysed for nutrient and phenol concentrations. Net energy and protein absorbable at the duodenum were calculated. Incubations (24 h) with cattle rumen fluid following the in vitro Hohenheim Gas Test protocol were performed to compare the effects of the test plants on ruminal gas and ammonia formation. Test plants replaced one-third of a basal mixture consisting of 57% Lolium perenne L. and 43% Medicago sativa L. (air-dry-matter basis). Results were compared with those obtained with the basal mixture alone.

Key results
According to regression analysis, ammonia concentration after incubation was negatively related to concentrations of total extractable phenols and total tannins in feed mixtures, whereas the relationship was weakly positive with dietary crude protein. In 23 and 19 of the test diets, respectively, in vitro gas production (indicating ruminal organic matter digestibility) and ammonia concentrations in the incubation medium after 24 h were significantly lower than with the basal mixture alone. Incubations containing Galium verum L., Leontodon hispidus L., Lotus corniculatus L., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., Plantago lanceolata L., Sanguisorba minor Scop. and Scabiosa columbaria L. maintained gas production and estimated in vitro organic matter digestibility while at the same time lowering ammonia concentrations.

Conclusions
Seven mature herbs of a screening of 35 proved to have potential for positive effects on ruminal protein utilisation without impairing fermentation.

Implications
These herbs are of particular interest as dietary supplements for dairy cows grazing protein-rich pastures.
Effect of paracetamol treatment on maternal care and reproductive outcomes in female rat offspring
Authors: Aleixo Jeberson F. , Pereira Marina R. F. , Montagnini Bruno G. , Pereira Matheus Junior D. , Forcato Simone , Moreira Estefânia G. , Ceravolo Graziela S. , Vieira Milene L. , Kiss Ana C. I. , Gerardin Daniela C. C.
Published: December 2020

Paracetamol (PAR) is one of the most commonly used drugs by pregnant women because it is considered safe for the mother and fetus. However, PAR is transferred into breast milk and crosses the blood–placental barrier, being present in the progeny during important stages of development. Intrauterine exposure to PAR may decrease the anogenital distance and follicle reserve in female rodent offspring. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether maternal PAR treatment altered the reproductive behaviour of dams and the sexual development of female rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were gavaged daily with 350mg kg−1 day−1 PAR or water during gestation (from Gestation Day (GD) 6 until delivery) or during gestation and lactation (from GD6 until weaning). Maternal PAR treatment had maternal effects (increased grooming behaviour), and resulted in impaired sexual behaviour, decreased follicle reserve and increased plasma oestradiol concentrations in female offspring.
“I tell you don’t trust the French”
Authors: Handford Michael
Published: December 2020

National stereotypes are inherently evaluative, often negatively, and potentially prejudicial. While research has examined stereotypes from an organisational perspective, this is overwhelmingly in experimental settings involving students (Landy, 2008); in other words not in workplaces, and not involving employees doing their jobs. Through a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of 53 authentic business meetings, this study finds that among certain communities, national stereotypes are used in workplace narratives, and argues that such narratives constitute a contextual, situated social practice. The novel methodology pinpoints and categorises all stereotypes in business-meeting narratives, before discussing what role they play in indexing the identities of the stereotyped and the stereotyping. Finally, evaluation, ideology and power are critically engaged with to explain their use or non-use, thus making a theoretical contribution to studies of evaluation, workplace narratives, and stereotyping in discourse. While ethically problematic, and potentially detrimental to business success, their use may be motivated by local workplace goals.
Improving heat stress tolerance in tomato
Authors: Panthee Dilip R. , Gotame Tek P.
Published: December 2020

Heat stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in plants. Tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
L.) is sensitive to higher temperatures. Optimum temperatures for tomato production are less than 32/25°C during day and night, respectively. Higher than this temperature causes damage in the plant system and ultimately reduces yield. Reports indicate that it may cause up to 70% crop loss in tomato. With the looming threat of climate change and global warming, it is vital to understand the heat stress tolerance mechanism and current status of efforts to mitigate the damage caused by heat stress in tomato. In this review, we report the physiological mechanism and effect of heat stress in tomato plants at the cellular and whole plant levels. Investigation of tolerance mechanisms may be helpful to design the breeding activities in the future. Furthermore, a summary of breeding efforts made toward the improvement of heat stress tolerance by utilizing genetic and genomic resources in tomato is presented.
Evolution of growth density equation by constraints on effective Newtonian constant G
eff
Authors: Capistrano Abraão J S
Published: December 2020

The acceleration of the Universe is described as a consequence of the extrinsic curvature of a four dimensional space–time embedded in a five dimensional bulk space, defined by the Einstein–Hilbert principle. Using the linear approximation of the Nash–Greene embedding theorem, we obtain the related perturbed equations in which only the gravitational-tensor field equations contribute to the propagation of the cosmological perturbations. In accordance with big bang nucleosynthesis and solar constraints, we calculate numerically the effective Newtonian function G
eff to constrain the related parameters of the model. We numerically solve the growth density equation for two possible family of solutions leading to growth overdensities and, in some cases, a mild damping of the growth profiles, with a top amplification of the growth perturbations around 14% in comparison with ΛCDM and wCDM models. The behaviour of the effective gravitational potential Φ and the Newtonian curvature Ψ is also analysed showing mild perturbations in early times induced only by the extrinsic curvature differently from the ΛCDM standards.
2D numerical modeling for plasma-assisted CO2 pooling in supersonic nozzles: importance of a proper nozzle contour design
Authors: Khaji Maryam , Peerenboom Kim , der Mullen Joost van , Degrez Gérard
Published: December 2020

Plasma assisted CO2 dissociation has recently been the topic of many studies. The production of chemical fuels from environmentally unfriendly CO2 through supersonic nozzles is one of the most prominent approaches under investigation. However, the experiments show that the theoretical conversion rates are far away from being achieved. In this study, two-dimensional fully coupled cases are investigated. This brings insights about how the CO2 dissociation can be improved; mainly by a correct design of nozzles. The proper shape of a nozzle is a fundamental aspect to be taken into account numerically and in experiments to avoid undesirable phenomena such as the occurrence of shocks. The proper design of the nozzle shape leads to a shock-free flow being uniform at the nozzle outlet. A high degree of cooling can be achieved in a shock-free nozzle. Moreover it is shown that there is no optimal value for Mach number provided that the nozzles are sized properly. If the sizing is done correctly, it is found that higher Mach numbers lead to higher degree of non-equilibrium and thereby to higher dissociation rate. The sizing of the nozzle to maximize the departure from equilibrium in the nozzle is the final key of an efficient CO2 dissociation. Finally, the results are compared with those of a semi-analytical method to conclude that if the nozzle is conceived in a proper way, simpler approaches can also give satisfactory results.
Charge inhomogeneity of carbon
Authors: Liang Z F , Luo Y Q , Xue H T , Tang F L , Fan D , Yao X J
Published: December 2020

Charge distribution on every atom of carbon matter in four dimension forms (cluster, fullerene, atomistic carbon chain, nanotube, graphene, surface and solid) was investigated by the first-principles calculation. It is found that the charge distribution in most of these materials is inhomogeneous, even in one certain solid phase. We found that if one atom in carbon has different surrounding environment from another one nearby, they always have electron transfer, that is, they have different charge. In round C10 ring, C24 and C60 fullerenes, charge is zero, while charge is not zero in pentagon C10 ring, C30 and C70 fullerenes. At the ends of atomistic chains, nanotube or on the edges of graphenes, carbon atoms have larger positive or negative charge, while almost zero in the central parts. Charge is zero in diamond and graphite, while it is not zero in the high pressure solid phase hexagonite or on some carbon surfaces. The non-zero charge in carbon possibly means its non-zero valence.
Spin-dependent electron reflection at W(110)
Authors: Angrick C , Braun J , Ebert H , Donath M
Published: December 2020

Spin-dependent reflection of low-energy electrons at the W(110) surface caused by spin–orbit interaction was studied experimentally and theoretically. Comprehensive information for a wide range of electron incidence angles and energies was collected via maps for the reflectivity, the spin-dependent reflection asymmetry, and the figure of merit of the spin separation. The experimental results are compared with calculations of the scattering process using a realistic surface potential barrier. The results are discussed in view of possible applications of W(110) as a scattering target in spin-polarization detectors. Possible working points for use in single- as well as multi-channel spin-polarization-detection devices are identified and discussed.