bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learner perception on tactile materials as a correlate of performance in mathematics: The case of Thika high school for the Blind, Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Loise Mumbua Musango  , Margaret Wangui Murugami  , Joel Chomba Wamunyi
Published: May 2024

Mathematics is considered the foundation of scientific and technological growth, making one of the most important subjects taught in formal schools. Yet learners with visual impairment continue to perform poorly in Mathematics due multiple factors, among them unfavorable perceptions on the subject. Drawing from the social constructivism theory, this study aimed to establish learner perception on tactile materials as a correlate of performance in Mathematics among learners in Thika High School for the Blind. The objectives were to investigate general performance of mathematic among the learners who are blind and assess learners’ perception on the mathematic tactile learning materials in relation to their performance in Mathematics. This study used a case study research design. The target population comprised 80 learners who are blind in the school. Stratified random sampling was used to select the learners 24 who are blind according to class and gender. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Quantitative data was collected, coded and organized. Data analysis was through descriptive summaries and correlational analyses. There was a weak positive relationship between learners’ perception in learning Mathematics and performance in Mathematics (r = 0.203, p = 0.342). The majority the students indicated doing their homework daily when given by the teacher, getting homework marked daily, and doing homework alone daily. Therefore, this study recommends the need for the Ministry of Education to initiate strategies to enhance positive perceptions toward Mathematics among learners who are blind.
Improvement of feature engineering on emotion detection from textual data
Authors: Bikram Sarkar  , Joydeep Mukherjee
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a new method for selecting terms in the field of emotion recognition from text. Instead of focusing solely on very common or very rare terms, this approach considers moderately frequent terms as well. The idea is that these moderately frequent terms might also contain important information for distinguishing between emotions. Compared to traditional methods like Chi-Square and Gini-Text, this new approach performs better in many cases. To represent documents, the bag-of-words approach is used, where each document is represented by a vector. In this vector, each selected term is given a weight of 1 if it appears in the document, and 0 if it does not. Importantly, this new method includes terms that are not selected by Chi-Square and Gini-Text. Experiments conducted on a standard dataset demonstrate that including moderately frequent terms improves the accuracy of emotion recognition. This improvement is evident in terms of accuracy scores.
Diabetes mellitus detection using machine learning techniques
Authors: Samridhi Puri  , Satinder Kaur  , Satveer Kour  , Kumari Sarita
Published: May 2024

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common disease that is spreading worldwide and affecting millions of people. The use of machine learning techniques for the timely and accurate diagnosis of diabetes is the subject of this study. This research makes use of a dataset that includes measures like insulin resistance metrics and blood glucose levels in addition to clinical and demographic data. The important factor leading to the growth of diabetes mellitus is the lifestyle which includes lack of exercise, anxiety, age factor, family history etc. It is a serious condition, if not cured, can lead to several health problems like heart disease, nerve damage, kidney damage. A range of machine learning algorithms and deep learning techniques such as support vector machines, decision trees, and neural networks, are utilized to examine and simulate the connections present in the data. Techniques for feature extraction and selection are applied to improve the models' performance and highlight important factors that lead to the development of diabetes. The goal of the study is to attain high sensitivity and specificity to guarantee the accurate identification of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Preparation and evaluation of Diclofenac & Aceclofenac pain relieving gel
Authors: Prabhat Ekka  , Nisha Dewangan  , Devid Patel  , Kamlesh Kushwaha  , Chandrashekhar Sao  , Rishabh Yadav  , Girdhar Prasad Chakradhari
Published: May 2024

It is phenyl acetic acid derivative developed as anti-inflammatory agent. It has analgesic anti-inflammatory antipyretic like actions like other NSAIDS. . It is recommended in long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and enclosing spondylitis. It is also useful acute miscue skeletal disorder post operative pain and dysmenorrhoea Diclofenac sodium gel were developed in seven different formulations) by employing different grades of polymers such as Hpmck4m and Crbopol940. There the various Diclofenac gels are available in market. But the propose gel is formulated with two key ingredients oleoresin, and l linseed oil contribute to anti-inflammatory effect. The formulations were evaluated for various physical parameters, pH spredability, drug release excludability studies drug released mechanisms. Formulation showed maximum drug release of 8 hours and maximum drug. Finally the gel formulations found to be economical and may overcome the draw backs associated with the drug during its absorption. The purpose of the study is to prepare the combination of diclofenac and aceclofenac pain relieving gel. This gel combined form of gel is multifunctional and getting rapid onset of action. And that is to get instant relieve from pain as comparison of plain aceclofenac tablet and plain Diclofenac gel. This formulation is also beneficial for diabetic patient to get cure fast of skin injury and buildup of skin irritation and growth or new epidermis layer of skin in the body.
APLIKASI ANTRIAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA BALITA BERBASIS WEBSITE (STUDI KASUS : POSYANDU ARUM DALU DESA SANGGRAHAN)
Authors: Christian Andhika Novia Sandy , Winarsih SM Santi
Published: May 2024

Posyandu activities in Sanggrahan Village have been running smoothly and still use the Posyandu Information System (SIP) book as a guideline for implementing activities. The purpose of this study is to build a web-based application to manage information at Posyandu Arum Dalu Sanggrahan Village. In the web-based application, the author also added a queue number so that the time for implementing posyandu activities could be neatly and better arranged. The author hopes that this web-based application can help the performance and facilitate Midwives and Health Cadres of Sanggrahan Village in terms of processing toddler data.Keywords : Posyandu, Information System, Queue Number
PENERAPAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS PADA SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN JENIS PRODUK SOUVENIR PERNIKAHAN YANG DIMINATI KONSUMEN BERBASIS WEB DI UMKM TAZKIYA SOUVENIR
Authors: Asqarini Putu Luvi , Kustanto Kustanto , Susyanto Teguh
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTTazkiya Souvenir is a wedding souvenir manufacturer that produces various kinds of wedding souvenir products. The purpose of this research is to develop a long process with the help of a decision support system to determine the selection of souvenir products to be purchased, with the results adjusted based on the number of criteria and ranking arrangements from the highest to the lowest. . This study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method because this method determines the level of importance of each criterion and is followed by a final ranking process. The result of this research is the creation of a decision support system application that can help the process of selecting the type of wedding souvenir product that suits consumer interests based on the highest value ranking results. Based on the calculation process using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method, the first place is Wallet Fold (0.325), the second place is occupied by a Fan (0.304), the third place is a Blacu Bag (0.213) and in the last position is a Pouch (0.156). Tests in this study use functionality testing which is useful for knowing the software can function properly and the system is as expected. Then a validity test was carried out using the McCall method to get a calculation result of 77.8% which is included in the good category. Keywords: Decision Support System, Wedding Souvenir, AHP
Failure risks of mine excavator associated with its maintenance and repair
Authors: Salimov A.E. , Shibanov D.A. , Ivanov S.L.
Published: May 2024

High quality and timely maintenance and repair (M&R) of mine electric excavators is crucial to minimizing the risks of failures. The article analyzes the significance of factors the influence the failure rate, including such factors as ergatic, technical, climatic, organizational and technological. The analysis showed the greatest criticality of ergatic, technical and climatic factors, with ergatic being the most important of them. The failure rating of mine excavators by the following systems is presented: working attachments, lifting gear, pressure mechanism, traveling gear, hydraulic system, rotation gear and electrical equipment. The most critical are the working attachments, lifting gear and pressure mechanisms, which make up 72%. The principles to design the concept of conscientious maintenance and repair practice (CM&R) are shown. The Fine-Kinney principle is applied in numerical estimation of the failure risks of mine excavators. Digitalization of target operations for electric crawler-mounted power shovels is proposed and a list of coded types of operations is presented for efficient accounting of the maintenance and repair works. The proposed coding system allows systematization of the MRO processes, providing control and their analysis during the whole operation period.
In the shadow of famine: How do Russo–Ukrainian and Russo–Kazakh relations impact memorialisation of the Holodomor and Kazakh famine?
Authors: Vanderkolk Grace
Published: May 2024

The trajectories of public memory and memorialisation of the famines of the 1930s have been vastly different for Kazakhstan and Ukraine, despite the common causation of these national tragedies. Many of the disparities between memorialisation of these events emerge from these nations’ different post–collapse trajectories. A not insignificant amount of vacillation on memory policy occurred as both nations grappled with the past, owing to the various orientations of national leadership and popular sentiment as contexts shifted. While Ukraine sought to forge an independent path quickly post–collapse, Kazakhstan maintained close relations with Russia until recently. Changes to Kazakhstan’s foreign policy spurred, in part, by the Russian full–scale invasion of Ukraine have in turn prompted a revaluation of famine memory. This article seeks to illustrate the complexity of nations coming to terms with their Soviet pasts alongside new domestic and international concerns and illustrate the value of comparative analysis of famine memory through a post–colonial lens.
Style Classifications in Biology Teaching: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Doğan Eda , Gerçek Cem
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyse systematically the articles on teaching biology and concerning style classification which were published in international and national journals according to criteria set. For this purpose, articles of style classification which were conducted in the period between 1990 and 2022 and directed to teaching biology at pre-school, primary school, secondary school and higher education levels were reached. 48 articles published in international journals and 88 articles published in national journals were put to content analysis within the scope of the study. They were considered in terms of their theoretical framework, key words they had, methods they used, types of data sources used in their sample, the countries where they were conducted and the years when they were conducted and the conclusions they reached according to the criteria set in the sub-problems. It was found accordingly that mostly activity-based styles were examined, that “learning style(s)” were the most frequently used key words, that the research mostly used quantitative methods and that they were mostly conducted with the participation of teachers. It was also found that the articles published in international journals were mostly conducted in Turkey. The articles were observed to increase as of 2013. The results of journal articles research analysed in the final sub-problem were given in detail in four categories. This current study makes various recommendations for style classification studies concerning biology teaching.
The calculation algorithm of sublattise magnetizations in two-sublattice ferrimagnet with compensation point. Part 1. Phase diagram
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str. 11, b.7, Suslov D.A. , Shavrov V.G. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str. 11, b.7, Shcheglov V.I. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str. 11, b.7
Published: May 2024

The calculation algorithm of sublattice magnetizations in two-lattice ferromagnet with compensation point is proposed. On the basis of preceding works review it is put the task about calculation of sublattices in individuality. It is investigated the general scheme of whole ferrimagnet magnetization forming which contains two magnetic sublattices both connected by exchange interaction. In geometry of axis symmetry along constant field direction it is investigated the orientational dependence of sublattices magnetization from applied field. It is found the forming conditions of anti-parallel and parallel collinear phases and corner phase between its. It is proposed the model presentation of magnetization dependence from temperature which contain the degree index dependence of general temperature to Curie temperature relation for each sublattice individual. For the simplicity and clear appearance of presentation the power index was choose. It is established the conditions which are necessary for forming the temperature compensation point. It is found the dependencies of deflection corners of each sublattices magnetization from field direction in accounting the given temperature. The decision of proposed excitation for magnetic field allows to find the boundaries of sublattice system transition between phases. On the basis of proposed temperature dependencies of critical transition fields it is drawing the phase diagram of two-sublattice ferrimagnet. It is found two settled on field one above other branches. The lower branch correspond to anti-parallel phase and upper branch correspond to parallel phase. It is found that lower branch contain sufficient quantity of information for to determine the individual both sublattice magnetization. It is proposed the methodic for calculation the individual sublattice magnetization based on the character temperature values and summary magnetizations. On the lower branch marked four character points which correspond to four temperatures and two values of summary magnetization. With using these points it is founded the equation system which allows to determinate the individual magnetizations values. It is proposed some recommendations for further development of investigations.
The calculation algorithm of sublattise magnetizations in two-sublattice ferrimagnet with compensation point. Part 2. Power index approximation
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str. 11, b.7, Suslov D.A. , Shavrov V.G. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str. 11, b.7, Shcheglov V.I. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str. 11, b.7
Published: May 2024

The calculation algorithm of sublattice magnetizations in two-sublattice ferrimagnet with compensation point is proposed. On the consideration of magnetic as the combination of spin with two orientations it is found the dependence of magnetization from the temperature in the firm of transcendent equation. The calculated decision of this equation make the coincidence the calculated dependence with experiment in precision about 10%. For the analytic presentation of magnetization temperature dependence in obviously view it is proposed the power index approximation which consist of relation magnetic temperature to curie temperature in six power index. On the basis of power index approximation the phase diagram of two-sublattice ferrimagnet with compensation point is constructed. It is shown the scheme of sublattice magnetization determination on the basis of using meanings by temperature character points of phase diagram lower branch. It is found the equation system which connects the character points parameters with magnetizations in initial point and in the point of maximum of diagram in the temperature more than compensation. By solving this equation system it is found the enough simple analytical expressions which determine the saturation magnetizations both sublattices through parameters of character points on lower brunch of phase diagram. The proposed methods is applied to determination of sublattice magnetizations in experiments by measuring summary magnetization which are curried out on the films of two different compositions using the vibration magnetometer. For the examination of determined meanings the comparison with constructed on its basis phase diagram with the diagram determined in experiment was carried out. The examination shows the coincidence calculated data with experiment in limits from 8 to 40%. The analysis of correspondence determined diagram data with experimental data. It is found the good (to part of percent) coincidence of whole magnetization meaning in the beginning of diagram and also the coincidence of compensation temperature and Curie temperature. For the interpretation of visible deflections it is proposed the hypothesis about influence of third sublattice which changes the magnetizations of main sublattices. It is proposed some recommendations for further development of investigations.
Flax lines of hybrid origin homozygous for genes of chlorophyll coloration and other morphological traits in the VIR flax genetic collection
Authors: Porokhovinova E. A. , Dubovskaya A. G.
Published: May 2024

Due to climate change and the industrialization of agriculture, the role of genetic collections is increasing. The paper characterizes 41 flax lines with mutations regarding chlorophyll coloration from the VIR genetic collection: 5 parental lines created on the basis of the VIR global flax collection, and 36 recombinant ones.

Among the 36 created recombinant lines, homozygous for two or more genes of morphological traits, there are those with chlorophyll deficiency and differences in anthocyanin color, stem shape and ciliation of the septa of the boll. Anthocyanin coloration and other morphological features were controlled by one or two of the 22 genes identified by us. Four of the recombinant lines were also homozygous for two or three independent chlorophyll coloration genes.

It was established that the genes of chlorophyll coloration and 22 genes controlling other morphological features act independently.

The ygp1 and ygp2 genes do not have a significant effect on most economically valuable traits, except for early flowering, and can be used for labeling varieties.

The genes s1, YSED1, ysed2 and rs1, which determine the yellow seed color, are necessary for the creation of flax varieties for food purposes, which makes the 11 lines based on these genes in demand for breeding purposes.

In flax, the molecular genetic function of none of the chlorophyll coloration genes is known, so the created genetic collection will be in demand to solve this problem.
Studies of the molecular mechanisms of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) resistance to low-temperature stress
Authors: Erastenkova M. V. , Tikhonova N. G. , Ukhatova Yu V.
Published: May 2024

Abiotic stressors are the main factors limiting the expansion of territories occupied by grape plantations. Industrial viticulture is concentrated in the south of Russia and is limited by climatic factors that do not allow large-scale production in other regions of the country.

The present review considers the molecular mechanisms of resistance to low-temperature stress and discusses the role of the main genes determining the ability of plants to survive and acclimatize during a critical temperature drop.

One of the most studied ways of responding to cold stress is the interaction of genes in the ICE-CBF-COR cascade, however, a more accurate understanding of the genes responsible for resistance to abiotic environments specifically in grapes requires additional studies. A series of studies of functions of transcription factors and related genes of response to low-temperature stress in various species (Arabidopsis, tea, orange, blueberry, and grape) have identified four main regulons: 1) CBF/DREB, 2) NAC/ZF-HD, 3) AREB/ABF, and 4) MYC/MYB. Studies have demonstrated the function of the HOS1 gene, which negatively regulates the work of ICE1 (a key resistance factor). The review considers candidate genes in various species of annual plants: ICE1, HOS1, SIZ1, MPK3, MPK6, in families of genes: CBF, COR, RD 29A, LTI78, ERD, LEA; DREB1, ADREB1B; WRKY10, and in perennial crops: ICE1, CBF1, HSP70, SUS1, GST, DHN1, BMY5, BHLH102, GR-RBP3, ICE1, GOLS1, GOLS3; CBF; COR27, RD29B, NCED1, ERF105, ZAT10, SAP15, WRKY3, and LEA.

Until recently, interspecific hybridization was the leading method for obtaining cold-resistant grape varieties. The main donor of resistance is V. аmurensis Rupr. Recently, the research focused on the genetic basis of grape resistance to low temperatures is actively developing. For instance, a comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of two species contrasting in this trait, i.e. V. amurensis, resistant to low temperatures, and V. vinifera L. with low cold resistance, made it possible to identify three additional candidate genes with an increased expression in response to exposure to low temperatures, namely CBF3, ERF105 and ZAT10. At the same time, the practical application of modern accelerated breeding methods requires the identification of all additional key genes responsible for resistance to low-temperature stress. The components from the cascade of sequentially expressing ICE–CBF–COR genes (ICE1, ICE2, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, and HOS1) have been selected as candidate genes.
Achievements in world and domestic breeding of peonies (Paeonia L.)
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Vasilyeva M. V. , Anisimova I. N. , Rakhmangulov R. S.
Published: May 2024

The genus Paeonia L. includes both popular ornamental and medicinal plants with a rich history of cultivation and breeding. Breeding is an important process of increasing the diversity of the assortment and creating new cultivars of peonies with various economically important characteristics, such as the shape and color of flowers, different flowering periods and resistance to diseases and abiotic stressors. The main methods used in the breeding of peonies are traditional methods, including intraspecific, interspecific and intersectional hybridization, however, such factors as a long reproduction cycle and the complexity of the breeding process limit the possibilities for good progress in this work. The application of methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics make the breeding process more efficient. The use of germplasm resources and hybridization will accelerate the process of creating new cultivars not only with various decorative features, but also those with high adaptability to biotic and abiotic factors and resistance to phytopathogens and diseases. This review highlights the history of domestic and foreign breeding, modern trends and methodology of peony breeding. Information is provided on the achievements and limitations that exist in the field of molecular biological study of peonies.
Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de la fasciolosis en ganado bovino de la región Arequipa, Perú, 2021
Authors: Ayaqui R. , Ruelas-Llerena N. , Ticona J. , Zamata-Ramos M. , Condo R. , Ancco-Valdivia F.
Published: May 2024

La fasciolosis en ganado bovino del Perú es un importante problema en la industria pecuaria, porque ocasiona pérdidas económicas, es de amplia distribución y con zonas ganaderas endémicas; por tal razón se realizó el estudio, para determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo en la región Arequipa. Se examinaron 1.838 muestras de heces, mediante la técnica del tamizado en mallas metálicas y el sedimento fue examinado bajo microscopio. Se entrevistó al propietario, para conocer las características de manejo de su ganado. Los datos fueron analizados por un modelo de regresión logística múltiple, para las variables se utilizó ANOVA para mostrar la significancia y el Odds Ratio fue calculado para los factores dentro de las variables, siendo de riesgo valores mayores a 1. La prevalencia de fasciolosis bovina en la región Arequipa fue moderada (34,65%) y la prevalencia por provincias fue de 70,30%, 61,98%, 32,05%, 12,91%, 12,71%, 3,57%, para Caylloma, Condesuyos, Islay, Castilla, Arequipa y Camaná, respectivamente. Los factores de riesgo de infección de Fasciola hepatica que mostraron significancia (p<0,05) fueron la edad de juveniles y adultos, el agua de consumo de acequia/río, la dosificación cada 6 y 12 meses y las localidades de Machaguay, Chuquibamba, Iray, Andaray, Canocota, Chivay, Coporaque, Ichupampa, Achoma, Maca, Cabanaconde, Polobaya, San José de Uzuña, Vítor, Mollendo, Huambo, La Joya, Viraco, Piaca y Pocsi. Los resultados del presente estudio permiten sugerir la implementación de un programa de control a través de capacitaciones, tratamiento periódico y mejora en el manejo del ganado.
Hábitos tróficos del dientudo Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro (Menezes 1992) en el valle aluvial del Río Paraná, Corrientes (Argentina)
Authors: Bertrán P. , Moreno E. G. , Hernández D. , González A. O. , Sánchez S. , Ruiz Díaz F. J.
Published: May 2024

El estudio de la dieta de los peces permite entender cómo éstos influyen en los demás organismos del ecosistema a través de las interacciones tróficas. El objetivo del estudio fue ampliar el conocimiento que se tiene del hábito trófico de Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro en el valle aluvial del río Paraná. Se evaluaron contenidos estomacales de 140 individuos de A. pantaneiro recolectados con pesca eléctrica en cuatro zonas del río Paraná, aguas abajo de la represa de Yacyretá, entre mayo de 2016 y febrero de 2018. Se evaluó la presencia/ausencia de contenido estomacal y para cada ítem se analizó a nivel taxonómico procediendo al cálculo de los siguientes indicadores: índice de frecuencia de ocurrencia, método volumétrico e índice alimentario. El 58% de las muestras presentaron algún tipo de ítem alimentario en el contenido estomacal, mientras que el 42% se encontraron vacíos. Los ítems más frecuentes hallados en los estómagos fueron especies de los órdenes Perciformes, Characiformes y Siluriformes, estimándose los mayores valores porcentuales para el género Crenicichla. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que A. pantaneiro, además de tener hábitos tróficos piscívoros, demostró preferencias por el consumo de especies del género Crenicichla.
Ontological conceptions of information cannot account for consciousness
Authors: Tse Peter
Published: May 2024

Epistemological and ontological conceptions of information are contrasted. The former are based on acts of decoding of extrinsic input that result in the decoder becoming informed. The latter are based on intrinsic states or state changes of the system independent of any external factors such as inputs to the system. I argue here that ontological conceptions of information, such as those that underlie integrated information theory or any theory that allies itself with panpsychism, are not able to account for consciousness. In the only physical systems that are known to be conscious, namely, animal brains, acts of decoding extrinsic inputs are central to creating consciousness and its contents. Moreover, only a very specific subset of decodings should realize consciousness, because consciousness in animals evolved to create an evaluative world model of what is intrinsically true about the world and the body, which is then used in a perception-action cycle that affords choices among options for behaving in the world in order to accomplish goals.
Urban Eris: Water body transformation in peri-urban Chennai, South India
Authors: Haufe Luise
Published: May 2024

Peri-urbanisation has been conceptualised during the recent years. In this research work, peri-urbanisation is viewed through the lens of water body conversion from rural to eventually urban use. Underlying power relations and networks are examined, using an assemblage thinking approach combined with the framework of Situated (Urban) Political Ecology on a case study in peri-urban Chennai, Tamil Nadu, South India. Chennai experiences rapid expansion and its peri-urban zone tells numerous stories of transformation. The underlying rural landscape was defined by the eri (or tank) system and has evolved as a cultural landscape within the past centuries. An eri (Tamil: lake, reservoir) is a semi-natural water body, which catches water during monsoon to retain and release it during the dry season. With the help of eris, agriculture was enabled throughout the year by creating a balance between wet and dry seasons. Eris are connected to each other and form a system of water bodies, which increases the efficiency of water retention as the capacities of the entire system can be utilised through spillover from one eri to another. Within the current context of urbanisation however, eris have to change their meaning to fit into the new setting. This research is focussed on how eris in peri-urban Chennai are being transformed from rural irrigation reservoirs to urban water bodies - a transformation with very diverse outcomes, ranging from modern drinking water reservoirs to decaying water bodies used as landfills. Moreover, the eri defines its surroundings in the traditional cultural landscape, by creating two types of land: irrigated farmland under individual ownership and common land. Peri-urbanisation of eris usually includes their disconnection from their immediate surroundings on the physical, social and administrative level. The characteristics of the two traditional land types and their connection to the eri shape the peri-urbanisation process in regard to legal security, pace of change, land value, environmental and social impact. This results in urban areas of different characteristics, which are based on their former rural land type. The eri as defining landscape feature can therefore be seen as peri-urban development nucleus. Hence, the term "urban eri" is established to define a water body, which has undergone disconnection from its earlier rural surroundings to be reintegrated into its later urban context, thus (re)shaping access mechanisms and the future urban form.
Matters arising in relation to “The slip surface mechanism of delayed failure of the Brumadinho tailings dam in 2019” by Fangyuan Zhu, Wangcheng Zhang & Alexander M. Puzrin
Authors: Reid David , Arroyo Marcos , Jefferies Mike , Fanni Riccardo , Fourie Andy , Gens Antonio , Mánica Miguel
Published: May 2024

Discussion of “The slip surface mechanism of delayed failure of the Brumadinho tailings dam in 2019” by Fangyuan Zhu, Wangcheng Zhang & Alexander M. Puzrin.
Reasoning about knowledge in lie production
Authors: Tan Zhi Yi , Jara-Ettinger Julian , Berke Marlene
Published: May 2024

Theory of Mind enables us to represent and reason about other people's mental states like beliefs and knowledge. By considering what other people know, this allows us to strategically construct believable lies. Previous work has shown that people construct lies to be consistent with others' beliefs even when those beliefs differ from their own. However, in most real world cases, we don't know everything that the other person knows. We propose that to produce believable lies, the sender considers what private information the receiver may have. Here, we develop our theory into a computational model and test it in a novel paradigm that allows us to distinguish between knowledge shared between the lie sender and receiver and knowledge private to the receiver. Our main model successfully captures how people lie in this paradigm over alternative models. Overall, our work furthers our understanding of human social cognition in adversarial situations.
More Empathetic Hearing Speakers Create More Communicatively Effective Gestural Symbols in a Rudimentary Communication System
Authors: Yang Jiahao , Kita Sotaro
Published: May 2024

Communication begins with an individual's creation of communicative signs to convey concepts, but the precise process by which individuals create signs to represent concepts remains unclear. Silent gestures offer a window into this process. When spoken language is unavailable, individuals resort to the manual modality, creating gestural signs to represent concepts. Despite having multiple options for creating gestural signs to refer to the same concept, hearing speakers consistently create identical gestures for certain concepts. The interesting question is how individuals choose a gestural sign when several are available to them. In this study, we propose that individuals select gesture signs that are efficient for comprehension. They estimate the communicative efficacy (i.e., the likelihood of being understood by a potential interpreter) of their gestures and choose the most efficient ones. We explore the role of an individual’s empathy level in this process. Our findings support our hypothesis; the gestural signs produced by the majority of participants were those that facilitate comprehension. We also established a connection between estimated communicative efficacy and an individual’s empathy level. More empathetic participants provided more accurate estimations of gestures’ communicative efficacy and were more likely to produce gestures with higher communicative efficacy (e.g., the most frequent gestures) compared to less empathetic participants.
Policy brief: Foodborne diseases (FBD) in school-aged children in Chile, prevention, and challenges in underreporting. A contrast with countries in the region
Authors: Toledo-Herrera Nicolas , Rodriguez Joyce Susana Luna , Lozano Regina Cortes , Moreno Paz María Belén Dercolto , Maldonado Valeria Elizabeth Ccarita , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: May 2024

Foodborne diseases (FBD) are a public health problem with a high burden of disease in the school population. Multiple strategies have been designed to mitigate the morbimortality associated with these diseases; however, the figures available in our context do not reflect the true impact of this entity on the population. Close epidemiological surveillance together with the development of preventive programs implemented in Chile offers an encouraging outlook for the promotion of food safety in the Latin American context.
The Soba Restaurant and the Oyster Bar: Peripheral Spaces for Responsible Research and Innovation
Authors: Smith Robert D.J. , Kawamura Ken , Szymanski Erika , Shineha Ryuma , Calvert Jane
Published: May 2024

As STS researchers working closely with scientists and engineers, we have been invited into, created, reluctantly entered, and stumbled upon many kinds of spaces, some of which might be considered spaces for responsible research and innovation. Here we discuss a selection of these spaces, drawing on our work in synthetic biology in the UK and molecular robotics in Japan. They include a multidisciplinary workshop, a public engagement event, an art performance, and several panels at scientific conferences on the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by our fields of study. Many of the spaces were owned and controlled by scientists and engineers, and our participation in them was constrained by pre-existing frames. But even in those spaces we designed ourselves it was difficult to challenge institutionalized practices and dominant understandings of the relationship between the natural and social sciences. We often found that the spaces that were most conducive to provocative, productive and critical cross-disciplinary dialogue were at the peripheries of formal events. We therefore explore the importance of peripheral spaces for RRI, drawing on the examples of interactions that took place at a soba restaurant and an oyster bar.
PERAN INOVATIF GURU DI ERA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Bakhri Zeisyifa Maulidah
Published: May 2024

Inovasi dalam pendidikan merujuk pada pengembangan dan penerapan ide-ide baru, metode, atau teknologi untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran dan hasil akademis. Pentingnya inovasi dalam pendidikan tidak dapat diabaikan karena memungkinkan adaptasi terhadap perkembangan zaman dan kebutuhan siswa yang beragam. Inovasi memungkinkan penyediaan pendidikan yang lebih relevan, dinamis, dan sesuai dengan tuntutan masa depan. Dalam era teknologi informasi, inovasi menjadi semakin penting karena perubahan cepat dalam lanskap teknologi yang memengaruhi cara kita belajar dan mengajar. Inovasi membuka pintu untuk penerapan metode pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan terlibat, meningkatkan motivasi dan minat siswa dalam belajar. Selain itu, inovasi juga memungkinkan personalisasi pembelajaran, memungkinkan pendekatan yang lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu setiap siswa. Dengan adanya inovasi, pendidikan dapat menjadi lebih inklusif, memperluas akses dan kesempatan belajar bagi semua siswa, termasuk mereka yang memiliki kebutuhan khusus. Inovasi juga mendukung pengembangan keterampilan yang relevan dengan masa depan, seperti keterampilan digital, kreativitas, dan pemecahan masalah. Melalui inovasi, pendidikan dapat menjadi lebih adaptif terhadap perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan teknologi, mempersiapkan generasi masa depan untuk menghadapi tantangan global. Dengan demikian, inovasi dalam pendidikan tidak hanya relevan, tetapi juga menjadi suatu keharusan untuk memastikan kualitas dan relevansi sistem pendidikan di era modern ini.
Inovasi Pendidikan: Peran Guru Sebagai Inovator Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Teknologi
Authors: Gemilang Muhammad Bintang Putera
Published: May 2024

Inovasi dalam pendidikan adalah upaya untuk menciptakan solusi baru, metodepembelajaran baru, atau teknologi pendidikan baru guna meningkatkan hasil belajar danmengatasi masalah dalam sistem pendidikan. Peran guru sebagai inovator sangat penting,karena mereka mampu menciptakan metode pembelajaran baru yang sesuai denganperkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan zaman. Dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi,guru dapat memanfaatkan media teknologi untuk membuat pembelajaran lebih menarik daninteraktif. Pembaruan dalam pendidikan, termasuk penggunaan teknologi dalampembelajaran dan penyusunan kurikulum, menjadi kunci untuk meningkatkan kualitaspendidikan. Oleh karena itu, analisis dan kajian inovasi pendidikan menggunakan teknologidigital penting dilakukan untuk menghindari monotoninya pendekatan tradisional dalampembelajaran.
Assessment of Lightning Current Injection Tests in Replicating the In-flight Current Distribution on Aircraft
Authors: Jonnalagadda Surekha , Kumar Udaya
Published: May 2024

Lightning is one of the natural threats to an aircraft. Laboratory tests are usually limited to aircraft component levels and scaled prototypes. For small aircraft, sometimes the whole aircraft could be subjected to the lightning current specified in the relevant standards. Lightning current injection tests are carried out with standard components A to D. This is in anticipation of producing expected levels of fields and current values during a lightning strike. However, generating a current waveform with a rise time and magnitude the same as component A is very difficult in practice. Further, standards specify a return conductor (RC) arrangement for testing. Fields generated due to RC current can affect the current and field distribution. Hence, the emulated current and field in such tests could differ from that in an actual strike. The present work evaluates the current distribution for different lightning current waveforms suggested in standards and that realised in the laboratory. Also, the effect of the return cage on the current/field distribution is studied. The current and voltage distribution on aircraft skin is obtained by employing the impedance network method. A discretised model of Standard Dynamics Model (SDM) aircraft is employed for the present study. It is found that the surface current distribution on aircraft during a laboratory test can differ from that during the actual strike. Owing to the inductance of the aircraft, the rise time of the lightning current realised in the laboratory could be slow compared to that specified in standards; hence, it could also affect the current distribution on aircraft. This work is intended to provide insight into the inherent limitations of laboratory-level testing, which could be helpful for designers.
A Study of Lightning Activities and Their Impact in the Ionosphere Over Nepal
Authors: Pandit Drabindra , Poudel Prasil , Shoni Romash , Budha Chhetri Nikesh , Adhikari Binod , Chapagain Narayan Prasad , Sharma Shriram
Published: May 2024

The ionosphere is a system that can experience dynamical perturbation due to external influences from solar dynamics and activities: geomagnetic storms, solar radiation and lower atmospheric events such as thunderstorms and gravity waves. In this study we have analyzed the changes in the Total Electron Content (TEC) in relation with the thunderstorm activities taking into account of the lightning stroke density as a perturbing factor. The data pertaining to TEC have been obtained from GNSS whereas the lightning stroke data have been obtained from VAISALA’s GLD 360. Analyzing the data from 2015 to 2018 the variation of TEC in association with stroke density during the pre-monsoon season was found to be significant for the period of study (pre-monsoon period). This implies that thunderstorms play a significant role in the ionospheric perturbation that may result in the disruption in communication. The outcome of this study can lay the foundation on the work to investigate the extent of perturbation and hence the communication disruption being emanated by thunderstorms.
Efficacy of TENS Therapy, Therapeutic Ultrasound and Stabilization Splint as an Adjuvant to Pharmacotherapy for Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Deepak Yadav  , Hemanta Raj Pathak  , Ravish Mishra  , Laxmi Kandel  , Shahid Ali
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive treatments like transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), therapeutic ultrasound (ThUs), and stabilization splint (SS) in combination with pharmacotherapy (PT) in enhancing pain relief, mouth opening, lateral excursion, joint sound reduction, muscle tenderness improvement, and jaw deﬂection in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), affecting the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles.
MATERIAL AND METHODSThe study involved 90 patients divided into three groups. Pharmacotherapy (Tab. Myospaz) was prescribed to all patients, each group received either TENS, ThUs, or SS as adjunctive treatment. Outcomes were measured at baseline and various intervals post-treatment.
RESULTSTMDs were more prevalent in younger age group (21-30 years) with female predilection (F:M =2.21:1). Signiﬁcant differences were observed in pain scores, with TENS and ThUs groups showing greater reductions compared to SS. ThUs demonstrated superior results in mouth opening, while TENS showed better outcomes in lateral excursion and muscle tenderness reduction.
CONCLUSIONThis study concluded that both TENS and therapeutic ultrasound effectively reduced pain with therapeutic ultrasound showing better results in improving mouth opening, and TENS demonstrating better results in lateral excursion and muscle tenderness reduction. No signiﬁcant difference among three groups were found in reducing joint sounds and deviation/deﬂection.
Prevalence of Upper Limb Length Discrepancy among Asymptomatic Population of Medical Students in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nitasha Sharma  , Chet Kanta Bhusal  , Ruku Pandit
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONUpper limb length discrepancy are frequently documented in various anatomical orthopedics and anthropometric journals. Proper idea about discrepancy is pivotal prior to any limb lengthening surgery. The aim of the study is to ﬁnd out the prevalence of upper limb length discrepancy among asymptomatic population in medical students of Nepal.
MATERIAL AND METHODSA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of anatomy in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from September 2021 to November  2022 after ethical clearance from the same institution (IRC UCMS, Ref: UCMS/IRC/079/21). Full and segmental length of upper limb was taken, recorded with help of ﬂexible tape. Reference points for these measurements were bony landmarks as approved in the Integrative Measurement Protocol Morphological and Behavioral Research in Human and non-human primates version 1.0 were used. Convenient sampling method was used Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Point estimate at 95% Conﬁdence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage.
RESULTSOut of two hundred ﬁfty seven participants 141 were male and 116 were female. Total upper limb length of male is 74.17± 4.79 cm and female is 71.92 ± 4.81cm. Total upper limb length discrepancy maximum was observed 3 cm. In our study it was observed that wrist has maximum discrepancy between right and left limb followed by arm and fore arm.
CONCLUSIONThe present study shows the prevalence of upper limb length discrepancy in asymptomatic Nepalese population.
Factors Associated with Health Seeking Behavior among Women of Reproductive Age in Slum Areas of Pokhara Metropolitan
Authors: Rakshita Lamichhane  , Bimala Bhatta  , Namuna Sharma
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONWomen’s health seeking behavior can be determined through various factors such as socio-demographic, economic, health condition etc. The objective of this study is to assess the factors associated with health seeking behavior among women of reproductive age in slum areas of Pokhara Metropolitan.
MATERIAL AND METHODSCross-sectional analytical study design was used to assess the health seeking behavior among 350 reproductive age women population in Pokhara Metropolitan from June to December 2019. Purposive sampling was used to collect the samples. Face to face interview was used as data collection technique and semi structured questionnaires were used as data collection tools. Data were entered in EPI-DATA and analyzed using SPSS as per data analysis  plan.
RESULTSThe mean age of the participant was 31 years and majority of the participants belonged to age group 25-35. Majority of the participant 80.6% were Hindu, 41.1% had basic education, 73.4% were married and 97.1% were living along with their family. No variables were found having association with health seeking behavior. Majority 57% women who were ill for >30 days sought for their health care. More than half of the women i.e. 54% preferred nearby medicals/clinics as their treatment place.
CONCLUSIONThe overall health seeking behavior was good in this study area. Most of the participants had knowledge on visit to health facility when ill. Most of the participants were serious about their health issues.