bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Anggota Kelompok Tani Padi Sawah (Oriza sativa, L) di WKPP Kecamatan Peureulak Barat Kabupaten Aceh Timur
Authors: Muslimah Muslimah muslimah , Muliana Siti
Published: December 2019

Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Anggota Kelompok Tani Padi Sawah (Oriza sativa, L) di WKPP Kecamatan Peureulak Barat Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Tujuan Penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan, pencurahan tenaga kerja dan pendidikan terhadap pendapatan anggota kelompok tani padi sawah (Oryza sativa, L) di WKPP Kecamatan Peureulak Barat Kabupaten Aceh Timur.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survey. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Peureulak Barat Kabupaten Aceh Timur dengan pertimbangan bahwa kecamatan tersebut terdapat kelompok tani yang melakukan kegiatan usahatani padi sawah. Penentuan desa sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Ã‚ Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 38 orang.Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚  Rata-rata umur responden di daerah penelitian adalah 34 tahun, pengalaman dalam berusahatani padi sawah adalah 5,75 tahun, pendidikan 10,88 tahun, jumlah tanggungan keluarga 4 orang dan luas garapan sebesar 1,58 hektar.

Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚  Penggunaan tenaga kerja per usahatani adalah 14,29 HKP dan 57,15 HKP per hektar, total biaya per usahatani adalah sebesar Rp. 3.159.348,79, dan per hektar sebesar Rp. 12.637.395,15, produksi 2.759,87 kg per usahatani dan 11.039,47 kg per hektar, nilai produksi Rp.12.419.407,89 per usahatani dan Rp. 49.677.631,58 per hektar, pendapatan Rp. 9.260.059,11 per usahatani dan Rp. 37.040.236,43 per hektar.

Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚  Hasil analisis diperoleh persamaan regresi linier berganda sebagai berikut: Y = 22.693.621,12 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1.386,80 X1 + 52.916,96 X2 + 29.836,36 X3. Hasil perhitunganÃ‚  diperoleh R2 = 0,93 atau 93,00%, Ini berarti faktor penyuluhan, pencurahan tenaga kerja dan pendidikan mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan anggota kelompok tani padi sawah di WKPP kecamatan Peureulak Barat Kabupaten Aceh Timur sedangkan 7,00% dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.

Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚  Hasil penelitian secara serempak diperoleh penyuluhan, pencurahan tenaga kerja dan pendidikan mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan anggota kelompok tani, sedangkan pengujian signifikan secara parsial dilakukan dengan uji t, dimana hasil dari pengujian pada parameter X1, X2, Ã‚ dan X3 diperoleh faktor penyuluhan berpengaruh negatif, sedangkan faktor pendidikan dan pencurahan tenaga kerja berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap peningkatan pendapatan petani padi sawah di WKPP kecamatan Peureulak Barat Kabupaten Aceh Timur
ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KECIL PEMBUATAN TERASI DI KECAMATAN LANGSA BARAT KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Abdurrachman Abdurrachman , Rival M
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor strategis internal dan eksternal pengembangan industri kecil pengolahan terasi berkualitas di Kecamatan Langsa Barat Kota Langsa dan Prioritas strategi dalam pengembangan industri kecil pengolahan terasi berkualitas di Kecamatan Langsa Barat Kota Langsa.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Langsa Barat Kota Langsa dengan menggunakan metode survey. Objek penelitian ini adalah pengusaha terasi, dinas perindustrian, dinas perikanan dan akademisi. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini dibatasi pada strategi pengembangan industri kecil pengolahan terasi di Kecamatan Langsa Barat Kota Langsa dengan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity dan Treath). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai Nopember 2016.

Populasi petani nelayan sebanyak 22 orangÃ‚  semua dijadikan sampel penelitian dengan rincian 15 orang dari Desa Simpang Lhee dan 7 orang dari Desa Lhok Banie. Sampel dari tokoh kunci sebanyak 5 orang terdiri dari sebagai berikut: 1 orang dari Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kota Langsa, 1 orang Dinas Perikanan Kota Langsa, 1 orang Ketua Pengusaha Terasi Kota Langsa dan 2 orang dari akademisi.

Hasil analisis SWOT usaha industri kecil pengolahan terasi terasi di Kelurahan Langsa Barat Kota Langsa diperoleh perioritas strategi sebagai berikut:Ã‚  Membentuk koperasi pengusaha terasi agar tidak ada perbedaan harga yang terlalu besar, Meningkatkan kwalitas sumberdaya manusia pengusaha terasi, Mengembangkan inovasi produk, Meningkatkan akses permodalan untuk meningkatkan produksi, Meningkatkan kerjasama dengan nelayan pemasok agarÃ‚  mendapatkan harga bahan baku yang kompetitif, Meningkatkan permintaan terasi dengan memperluas pasar, Mengembangkan sistem pemasaran yang efisien dan Meningkatkan kualitas terasi.
ANALISIS PEMASARAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao, L) DI KECAMATAN RANTO PEUREULAK KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Supristiwendi Supristiwendi , Khairuddin Khairuddin
Published: December 2019

Analisis Pemasaran Kakao (Theobroma cacao, L) di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh TimurÃ¢â‚¬Â. Tujuan penelitian Untuk mengetahui pola saluran pemasaran, biaya pemasaran dan margin pemasaran serta efisiensi pemasaran kakao Analisis Pemasaran Kakao (Theobroma cacao, L) di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur.

Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur dilakukan secara purposive (sengaja) dengan pertimbangan bahwa kecamatan tersebut merupakan daerah sentra tanaman kakao. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Objek penelitian adalah petani dan pedagang biji kakao yang berada di desa-desa sampel di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan JanuariÃ‚  sampai Februari 2017.

Pengambilan sampel petani kakao dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling (sampel acak sederhana). Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 10% jumlah populasi. Populasi petani kakao di daerah penelitian sebanyak 659 orang. Sedangkan jumlah petani sampel sebanyak 66 orang terdiri dari 27 orang di Desa Bukit Takteh, 17 orang di Desa Bukit Mancang, 12 orang di Desa Nurul AÃ¢â‚¬â„¢la dan 10 orang di Desa Ranto I. jumlah populasi dan sampel lembaga pemasaran sebanyak 24 orang terdiri dari 12 orang pedagang pengumpul desa, 6 orang pedagang pengumpul kecamatan, 4 orang pedagang pengumpul kabupaten dan 2 orang pedagang propinsi.

Hasil penelitian pemasaran kakao di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak pada dasarnya menggunakan 3 (tiga) saluran pemasaran. Total biaya pemasaran kakao pada saluran 1 sebesar Rp.3.525/Kg, saluran 2 sebesar Rp.2.850/Kg dan saluran 3Ã‚  sebesar Rp.2.400/Kg. Margin pemasaran kakao di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak rata-rata sebesar Rp. 7.446,97/Kg, saluran 1 sebesar Rp. 8.500/Kg, saluran 2 sebesar Rp. 8.000/Kg dan saluran 3 sebesar Rp. 5.500/Kg. Penerima keuntungan bersih (net margin) pada saluran 1 adalah pedagang desa yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.450/Kg, pada saluranÃ‚  2 adalah pedagang kabupaten yaitu sebesar Rp. 2.050/Kg dan saluran 3 adalah pedagang propinsi yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.650/Kg kakao. Farmer Share pemasaran kakao di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak rata-rata sebesar 74,11 %. Farmer Share pemasaran pada saluran 1 sebesar 70,18 % dan saluran 2 sebesar 72,41 % sedangkan Farmer Share pemasaran saluran 3 sebesar 81,03 %. Efisiensi pemasaran kakao di Kecamatan Ranto Peureulak rata-rata sebesar 10,40 % (Efisien karena <50%). Efisiensi pemasaran pada saluran 1 sebesar 12,37 % dan saluran 2 sebesar 9,83 % sedangkan efisien pemasaran saluran 3 sebesar 8,28 %. Dari sisi efisiensi pemasaran saluran 3 merupakan saluran pemasaran kakao yang paling efisien karena memiliki efisiensi pemasaran paling kecil dibandingkan saluran 1 dan saluran 2.
Some Exact Bianchi Types Cosmological Models in f(R, T) Theory of Gravity
Authors: AL-HAYSAH Ahmed , HASMANİ Abdulvahid
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we attempt to study spatially homogeneous Bianchi types-III, V,  VI$_0$ $\&$ VI$_h$  cosmological models in $f(R, T)$  theory of gravity. Here the models are obtained by assuming forms of the function $f(R, T)$ as  $f(R, T)= R + 2f(T)$ and $f(R, T) = f_1(R)+f_2(T)$. The exact solutions of Einstein's field equations (EFEs) have been obtained for two different types of physically viable cosmologies using a special form of Hubble parameter (HP). The physical and geometrical properties of these models have been discussed and expressions for the Ricci scalar $R$ in each case are obtained.
SITEM for the Conformable Space-Time fractional (2+1)-Dimensional Asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov Equations
Authors: YASLAN Handan , GİRGİN Ayşe
Published: December 2019

In the present paper, new analytical solutions for the space-time fractional (2+1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov (ANNV) equations are obtained by using the simplified $\tan(\frac{\phi (\xi) }{2})$-expansion method (SITEM)
Analysis of the Convergence and Periodicity of a Rational Difference Equation
Authors: ALMATRAFİ Mohammed , ALZUBAİDİ Marwa
Published: December 2019

The exact solutions of most difference equations cannot be obtained sometimes. This can be attributed to the fact that there is no a specific approach from which one can find the exact solution. Therefore, many researchers tend to study the qualitative behaviours of these equations.  In this paper, we will investigate some qualitative properties such as local stability, global stability, periodicity and solutions of the following eighth order recursive equation \begin{eqnarray*} x_{n+1}=c_{1}x_{n-3}-\frac{c_{2}x_{n-3}}{c_{3} x_{n-3}- c_{4} x_{n-7}},\;\;\;n=0,1,..., \end{eqnarray*} {\Large \noindent }where the coefficients $c_{i},\ \textit{for all} \ i=1,...,4,$ are assumed to be positive real numbers and the initial conditions $x_{i} \ \textit{ for all} \ i=-7,-6,...,0, $ are arbitrary non-zero real numbers.
Psychological correction of preschool children with adaptation disorders
Authors: Zavatska Nataliya , Toba Marianna , Kashirina Yevgeniya , Boiaryn Liliya
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the psychological peculiarities of the personality of preschool children with adaptation disorders and the means of their correction. It is shown that the study of socio-psychological factors of adaptation disorders in preschool children and their correction is due to the need to understand the problems associated with the presence of preschool children who have difficulties in the process of social adaptation. This category includes children who have adaptive reactions with disturbances in the emotional sphere (with complaints of parents on anxiety, fearfulness, tearfulness, daily fluctuations of activity, mood), in the behavioral sphere (with complaints of parents on irritability, aggressiveness, negativity, negativity relations with others), with mixed disorders (children whose parents have sought help in connection with anxiety, anxiety, fearfulness of the child - on the one hand, and its aggressiveness, irritability, conflict - on the other). Given that adaptation disorders among preschoolers are included in the structure of neuroses, neurodevelopmental disorders, they are the correlate of pre-morbid conditions, the issues of their effective correction are especially acute in the face of modern psychological science and practice. The particular importance of adaptation disorders in preschool children is one of the main conscious reasons for parents seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals. Adaptation disorders affect the whole structure of the child's personality and often develop into persistent forms of mental pathology. The focus of the study was the system of psychological correction of preschool children with adaptation disorders. This system was considered as a set of components: individual psychocorrection (for the purpose of psychological processing, resolution of intrapersonal conflict); group psycho-correction (with the aim of increasing social adaptation, correction of interpersonal plan of functioning of personality); family counseling (to create acceptable conditions for a microsocial plan for personality functioning).
Особливості суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя обдарованих старшокласників
Authors: Блинова Олена
Published: December 2019

Статтю присвячено соціально-психологічним проблемам, які виникають в обдарованих школярів у взаємодії з найближчим соціальним оточенням, та впливають на почуття їх суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя. Метою дослідження є з’ясування особливостей суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя в інтелектуально обдарованих старшокласників. В емпіричному дослідженні застосовано методи: «Шкільний тест розумового розвитку» (К. М. Гуревич, М. К. Акімова); опитувальник креативності Д. Джонсона (адаптація О. Є. Тунік); методика «Шкала суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя» (Т. В. Данильченко). Результати. Визначено статистично значущі відмінності у групі інтелектуально обдарованих старшокласників за параметрами суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя: «Соціальна помітність», «Соціальна дистантність», «Соціальне схвалення», що свідчить про прагнення обдарованих школярів до визнання, до прийняття в групі однолітків, намагання відповідати очікуванням найближчого оточення для задоволення потреби у спілкуванні. З’ясовано. що інтелектуально обдаровані старшокласники вважають себе впливовими, значущими особами у спільному житті класу, виявляють громадську активність, водночас має місце певна демонстративність особистості, важливість соціального оцінювання та залежність від соціального оточення. Показано наявність негативних емоційних станів в групі інтелектуально обдарованих старшокласників, пов’язаних із незадоволеністю соціальними відносинами у мікросоціумі, усвідомленням своєї несхожості, певною соціальною дистанційованістю у колективі однолітків, що знижує рівень суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя.
Констатовано, що інтелектуально обдаровані учні на середньому рівні отримують від оточення визнання своєї цінності, підкреслення поваги та любові, схвалення їх рішень та вчинків, що є запорукою ефективного соціального функціонування. З іншого боку, надвисокі показники свідчать про невротичну або фрустровану потребу у схваленні, високу залежність від думок, оцінок та ставлення інших людей. Висновки. Для продуктивного розвитку особистості обдарованих учнів, слід намагатися максимально врахувати труднощі обдарованої дитини у взаємовідносинах з оточенням, становленні самосвідомості та адекватної самооцінки, формуванні комунікативних навичок, забезпеченні суб’єктивного соціального благополуччя.
Психологічні особливості прояву агресії та форми агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі інтернет
Authors: Бохонкова Юлія , Блискун Олена , Пелешенко Олена
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто соціально-психологічні проблеми дослідження агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет, описані існуючі психологічні теорії, проаналізовано конструкти і моделі агресії у зарубіжній та вітчизняній психології, особливості прояву агресії та форми агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет. На підставі аналізу сучасних літературних джерел і результатів психологічних досліджень встановлено, що загальним проблемам молоді, її агресивної поведінки, вивченню чинників агресії, як у реальному, так і в кібернетичному просторах (мережі Інтернет), хоча й приділяється істотна увага, але на сьогодні відсутні загальноприйняті теорії та моделі кіберагресії, не розроблена системна ментальної репрезентації кіберпростору молоддю, що не дозволяє досліджувати феномен молодіжної агресії в мережі Інтернет на основі принципів науковості та системності, однозначно виділити й дослідити соціально-психологічні чинники агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет і розробити засоби її редукції та запобігання. Актуальність розглядання проблеми зумовлена розвитком сучасних інформаційних технологій, істотним збільшенням можливостей міжособистісного і масового спілкування в мережі Інтернет, що створює віртуальне середовище для різного виду online-спілкування, основу якого становить молодіжна спільнота, котра дедалі більше віддає перевагу різним формам «кібер-стосунків» натомість реальному спілкуванню. При цьому взаємодія здійснюється за допомогою різноманітних сервісів: форумів, блогів, Internet-щоденників, групових Internet-ігор, соціальних мереж тощо. Представлено нові види і форми агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет: флеймінг, наклеп, гепіслепінг, тролінг, соціотехніка, кіберпереслідування тощо. Основними негативними наслідками таких форм агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет (кіберагресії) для жертви є депресія, стрес, гнів, суїцид. Встановлено, що наявність численних теорій агресії для реального простору, які розглядають різні детермінанти агресивної поведінки, брак таких теорій і моделей для кіберпростору, не дозволяють однозначно виділити і дослідити соціально-психологічні чинники агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет. Це потребує розробки моделі динаміки розвитку мережі Інтернет як соціально-психологічного об’єкту. Без цього неможливо будувати науково обґрунтовані високоефективні системи редукції агресивної поведінки молоді в мережі Інтернет і запобігання їй.
Gender-role features of professionalism in the work of socio-individual professionals
Authors: Zhigarenko Igor
Published: December 2019

The article provides an analysis of various aspects of professional activity and professional growth of specialists in the socio-economic sector, in particular civil servants, and ways to improve it. The main directions of the study of professionalism in public administration are defined. The characteristics and professionalism of the civil servants' professionalism are highlighted. At the same time, attention was paid to the study of gender differences within the framework of philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, sociology, public administration, both in our country and abroad. An analysis of studies on gender issues in the professionalism of civil servants was carried out, which showed that the main attention is paid to: studies of differences in the profile of professional interests of men and women; the study of the effectiveness of leadership by men and women; research on gender aspects of career development; identifying differences in professional motivation; the study of professional self-determination, professional adaptation; comparison of business and personal qualities of men and women, etc. It is emphasized that the main general psychological requirements for the professional activity of civil servants are: social competence; emotional and psychological culture, which in turn require qualities such as the ability to integrate emotional evaluations and intuitive ideas in decision-making; the degree of psychological and emotional stability; ability to establish effective interaction; ability to understand the interests of both their own and those of colleagues and subordinates; ability to work in a team; ability to manage oneself, understanding of personal values and goals, ability to influence the environment, to manage, to teach; ingenuity, creativity, pursuit of professional and personal growth and more. It is shown that on the basis of interdisciplinary base of knowledge about professionalism a scientific vision is formed concerning: social and psychological bases of formation of professionalism, its dynamics in the context of professional life cycle and career and professional development of professional, acmeological bases of professionalism; various characteristics of professionalism of employees ("portraits", morphological descriptions, models of subjects as a management activity in general, and special types of activity in public administration); professionalism as an object of assessment in the context of personnel management; components of professionalism (knowledge, skills, skills), which are formed in the course of professional training of employees, etc. Therefore, it is important to determine how the gender characteristics of civil servants affect the professional development, as the above-mentioned requirements for professional activity require both feminine and masculine manifestations of personality.
Reactionalization of minors in secondary education institutions
Authors: Zavatska Nataliya , Spytska Liana , Fedorova Olena , Gorobets Alisa
Published: December 2019

The article shows that the current practice of purposeful re-socialization of minors in closed educational establishments is a tendency to use active didactic and psychological methods. It is emphasized that the re-socialization of such minors is a complex complex of rehabilitation, recreational, re-adaptation and other activities and technologies whose task is to return, involve the teenager in the established norms and models of prosocial life. A differentiated approach to the development of social and psychological measures aimed at the resocialization of minors in the conditions of a closed educational institution is proposed. The most common pole personality traits that determine one or another state of adolescent maladaptation are identified. The following tasks of psychological help in the process of re-socialization of minors are defined: for hypertensive people - increasing the desire to set and achieve goals; for the stimulating and the exalted - developing emotional restraint along with emotional expressiveness; for the emotional - engaging logical thinking in the predominant solution of problems; for the pedantic - the development of spiritual needs together with the material; for demonstratives, developing a focus on others, not on oneself, developing a desire for cooperation; for exciting and hypertensive - developing an orientation to specific people and circumstances in the pursuit of the goal, security while maintaining the desire to take risks. The peculiarity of psychoprophylactic work in the process of re-socialization of adolescents in the languages of the closed educational institution was the desire to consolidate the achievements in training at the level of personal education, stable relationships, beliefs, motives, behaviors. The formation of the desire for self-development is the result of compatible with the psychologist of developing his self-image adolescent. It is the most reliable means of self-monitoring that protects against the socially undesirable effects of maladaptation until they have become an integral part of the individual.
Скринінгове дослідження фригопротекторних властивостей нестероїдних протизапальних препаратів за гострого загального охолодження
Authors: Капелька І. Г. , Штриголь С. Ю.
Published: December 2019

В Україні холодові травми (ХТ) є досить частим явищем. Вони виникають частіше в зимовий час, коли кількість постраждалих сягає понад 12 000 осіб. ХТ спостерігається переважно в молодих осіб працездатного віку, супроводжується великим відсотком інвалідизації та значними матеріальними витратами на лікування потерпілих. Більшій частині постраждалих необхідне стаціонарне лікування, смертність перевищує 10 %. Особливо небезпечною ХТ є в умовах війни, оскільки може спричинити до 25 % санітарних втрат. Значну роль у патогенезі ХТ відіграють простациклін, простагландин F2a і тромбоксан А2, що відповідають за розвиток судинних реакцій. З урахуванням механізму розвитку ХТ можна вважати перспективними фригопротекторами нестероїдні протизапальні препарати (НПЗП), які пригнічують синтез простагландинів. Мета дослідження – порівняти виразність фригопротекторного ефекту низки НПЗП з різною селективністю щодо ЦОГ на моделі гострого загального охолодження (ГЗО). Роботу виконано на білих мишах обох статей масою 20–24 г. ГЗО моделювали за температури – 18 °С. Визначали інтегральний показник фригопротекторної дії – час життя тварин. Використовували неселективні інгібітори ЦОГ – ацетилсаліцилову кислоту (АСК) (Аспірин, таблетки, «Bayer», Німеччина), ібупрофен (Бруфен, порошок, «Abbott», США), мефенамінову кислоту (Мефенамінова кислотаДарниця, таблетки, «Дарниця», Україна), диклофенак натрію (Вольтарен, таблетки, «Novartis», Швейцарія); помірно селективний інгібітор ЦОГ – мелоксикам (Моваліс, таблетки, «Boehringer Ingelheim», Німеччина); високоселективний інгібітор ЦОГ – целекоксиб (Целебрекс, таблетки, «Pfizer», США), які вводили в різних дозах у шлунок за 30 хв до початку ГЗО. Визначено два препарати-лідери з різним профілем селективності щодо ЦОГ: целекоксиб (74 мг/кг) і диклофенак натрію (14 мг/кг). Вони збільшили час життя тварин більше ніж на 50 %, що достовірно перевищує ефект АСК (25 мг/кг). Ці два препарати можна вважати перспективними для подальших поглиблених досліджень фригопротекторної дії. Отже, фригопротекторні властивості НПЗП за ГЗО суттєво відрізняються та не виявляють суворої залежності від селективності щодо ізоформ ЦОГ.
Editorial Vol.10(1)
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir
Published: December 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(1) 2019: 1-2
Socialization of Undergraduate Medical Students in Bangladesh: Students' and teachers' view
Authors: Siddiquee Taufiqul Hasan , Nargis Tahmina , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir
Published: December 2019

This descriptive type of cross sectional mixed method study was conducted with four specific objectives to understand the perception, area, ways and barriers in socialization of undergraduate medical students in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in 8 (eight) medical colleges of which 6 (six) are public and 2 (two) are private. The study was conducted for one year from July 2017 to June 2018. Total 712 student of final phase participated in the study. In- depth interview was conducted with teachers. Convenience sampling technique for selection of the students whereas medical colleges were selected purposefully. Study revealed that most of the asked parameters related to patient care and humanistic attitude was taught to the undergraduate medical students of the selected medical colleges in Bangladesh. There are few concerns though in some area like number of role models and presence of negative role models among the teachers. Contents, aim and objectives of the current curriculum is vastly unknown to teachers. A conscious attempts to be made to transform medical students in a positive manner. Teachers should be selected following a proper career planning and they should undergo some kind of courses before deployment which would give them an understanding on teaching methodology and capability to foster ethically compatible as well as technically skill medical students of current era.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(1) 2019: 14-19
Views of Intern Doctors and Clinical Medical Teachers on the achievement of selected objectives of MBBS curriculum-2002 in Bangladesh
Authors: Rasul MG , Saha Debashish , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir
Published: December 2019

Background: A competence based and community oriented with reflection of integrated and community based curriculum was introduced in 2002. Objectives: To assess the achievement of objectives of MBBS curriculum-2002 by the Intern Doctors and Clinical Medical Teachers view in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study surveyed on the performance of Intern Doctors about 60- attributes of clinical and generic skills.

Results: The overall result revealed that the Interns' could achieve these skills just below the level of an expected standard. The low performance was observed in certain clinical, procedural and management skills like examination of eye, ear, per rectum examination, auscultation of heart and lung, lumber puncture, fluid aspiration, basic CPR, skin sensitivity test, ante natal check-up and conduction of normal labour, systematic interpretation of basic ECG etc. Though few Interns perceived to have attained mastery in some clinical skills but on the other hand 5-10% of other fellows did not even try the skill during the tenure.

Conclusion: All learning must occur in an appropriate clinical context and there should be a system of skill assessment for the Interns.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(1) 2019: 30-33
Editorial Vol.10(2)
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir
Published: December 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 1
The suggestions of teachers for faculty development in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Shamima , Sultana Mossammat Nigar , Noman Farhana , Zaman Rokeya , Sultana Abida , Khatoon Soofia
Published: December 2019

This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from July 2015 to June 2016 to identify the teachers' views regarding the suggested responsibilities of concerned authorities in faculty development (FD )in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh. A semistructured self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data from 103 teachers of eight Government and Non- Government medical colleges located within and outside Dhaka. They agreed with the different suggested role of the departments, institutes, teachers' associations, Director Medical Education (DME), and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MOHFW) for FD. Among the suggestions the most agreed roles were 'Make an outline for participation of CME & CPD’ for promotion by MOHFW (80%); ‘Arrangement of CME & CPD’ by the institutes (79%); ‘Arrangement of CME & CPD’ by the teachers association (76%); ‘Supervision of faculty development’ by the DME (76%); ‘Distribution of personal review form (54%)’ , ‘Collection of personal review form (54%)’ and 'Time management of faculty development(54%)’ by the departments. It is recommended that the concerned authorizes should play their own role appropriately for proper implementation of the FD.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 2-5
Activities of Medical Education Unit (MEU) in Medical Colleges of Bangladesh and some challenges faced
Authors: Rahman Saidur , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Alam Kazi Khairul
Published: December 2019

Presence of MEU in medical colleges has been made as a measure of activities in National Quality Assurance guidelines for the improvement of medical education as well as faculty development. So, it is imperative to assess its activities in medical colleges for the expected outcomes which might facilitate administrators and policy makers for logical intervention where needed. Considering this matter, a descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to assess the status of activities of MEU in medical colleges of Bangladesh. Data was collected from 26 medical colleges of Bangladesh selected by purposive sampling method and 324 related available teachers by convenient sampling methods using a self-administered semistructured questionnaire. Total 26 MEUs coordinators or acting in charge as Key Informants were interviewed by using an interview schedule. A checklist was used for observation of existing MEU while visiting medical colleges for data collection. Principal/Vice Principal of medical colleges had responded to mailed letter as well as telephonic call and replied to have formal MEU at 20 (91%) out of 22 government and at 81 (98.2%) out of 83 non-government medical colleges. Around 87 % faculty members usually attend the MEU activities which is conducted by MEU coordinators in 75 % cases. CME program, pre and para clinical issue related activities occur in 70 % cases. The experiences gained from MEU activities are utilized 88 % in undergraduate class room, 59 % in conducting CME activities and around 50 % in other MEU activities. Staff related, Structural, faculty related, and administrative barriers have been identified by respondents and adequate fund and experienced staffs, motivation of faculty members and continued administrative monitoring can overcome those barriers (is it opinion? Of whom?). Key Informants opined MEU to take leading role in medical education development. Faculty members related to MEU should be adequately trained to impart interactive and effective education in both class room and bedside teaching. Policy level support, specific flow of fund, motivation and will of medical administrators and faculty members and proper monitoring by CME were found to be effective in establishing and functioning MEU in medical colleges.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 12-18
Views of teachers’ and students’ regarding the distribution of subjects in phase II and phase III of MBBS course
Authors: Rahman Md Mohibur , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir
Published: December 2019

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in twelve medical colleges of Bangladesh to assess the views of teachers and students regarding the distribution of subjects in Phase II and Phase III of MBBS curriculum 2012. This study was conducted from July 2017 to Apr 2018 where views were collected from 91 teachers and 991 students. Study revealed that, 90.1% respondents mentioned for rearrangement of subjects and around 87.9% teachers and 90.3% students opined for addition of Pathology subjects in Phase II of MBBS course. Study also recommended that more extensive study is needed to get an unanimous opinion from the students and medical teachers regarding the subjects in Phase II and Phase III of MBBS course.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 19-22
Difficulties Faced by the Undergraduate Medical Students in Relation to Institution and Hostel Campus: Views of Selected Medical Colleges of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Farhana , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Alam Kazi Khairul , Khan Sadia Jabeen , Karim Md Rezaul
Published: December 2019

This study set out to identify the institutional difficulties encountered by the undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study, conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. The population of the study consisted of undergraduate medical students and medical teachers of 8 medical colleges of Bangladesh including both government and non-government which were located in Dhaka and outside of the Dhaka. Medical colleges and medical teachers were selected purposively and students were selected by the convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire using five points Likert scale were administered on 1059 medical students and in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 medical teachers. The study revealed that most of the students faced institutional related difficulties, particularly cleanliness of campus 480 (45.6%), unclean toilet 762 (72%), poor quality canteen 663 (63%), poor games facilities 792 (75%), insufficient hostel accommodation 669 (65.2%), unclean hostel 652 (63.5%), insufficient recreation facilities in hostel 702 (68.5%) and irregular hostel supervision by the authority 590 (57.6%). Based on the study, it was suggested that concerned authority should consider the findings and should take some significant steps for sustainable solutions to the difficulties of the students.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 23-25
Learning Style Preferences Among Undergraduate Medical Students: An Experience from Different Medical Colleges of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md Rezaul , Asaduzzaman AKM , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Alam Kazi Khairul , Haque Farhana , Khan Sadia Jabeen
Published: December 2019

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to determine the learning styles of undergraduate medical students. The study period was from July 2017 to June 2018. The study was carried out among the students of 2nd, 3rd and 4th phases of MBBS course of 3 government and 4 non-government medical colleges of Bangladesh. Out of 7 medical colleges, 4 were within Dhaka and 3 were from outside Dhaka. The sample size was 1004 students. Medical colleges were selected purposively and convenience sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Bangla translated version Fleming's VARK (visual, auditory, read/write and kinesthetic) questionnaire was used to identify the learning styles of students. The study revealed that out of 1004 medical students, 64.2% preferred multimodal learning styles and rest 35.8% preferred unimodal learning styles. Among unimodal learning preferences, auditory (A) and kinesthetic (K) were the most preferred sensory modalities of learning. Among multimodal learning styles preferences, the combination of auditory & kinesthetic (AK) and auditory, read/write & kinesthetic (ARK) were predominant. There were only significant differences of the mean scores of visual (V) learning style among the male and female students. Majority of students preferred multimodal learning styles. Students are able to learn effectively as long as the teacher provides a blend of visual, auditory, read/writing and kinesthetic activates. The study recommended that teachers should be aware of the medical students' learning styles and aligning teaching-learning methods with learning styles will improve their learning and academic performance.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 26-30
A 14-year-old boy presenting with gradual abdominal distension and occasional abdominal pain for 2 years
Authors: Hassan Nazmul , Hasan Mahmudul , Fathema Kaniz , Mobasher Khondaker , Begum Fahmida , Mazumder Wahiduzzaman
Published: December 2019

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 14-year-old boy, 4th issue of his non-consanguineous parents got admitted in the Department with the complaints of gradual abdominal distension and occasional abdominal pain since two years of his age. There was no history of jaundice, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, fever, contact with a known case of tuberculosis patient or family history of such type of illness. On examination, he was alert, anicteric, no facial dysmorphism, vitally stable, no stigmata of chronic liver disease and anthropometrically well thrived.
Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Dayak Onion Leaves (Eleutherine americana Merr.) Toward Wistar Female Rats Using OECD 425 Method
Authors: Wahdaningsih Sri , Untari Eka Kartika , Robiyanto -
Published: December 2019

Pre-clinically, the potential of Eleutherine americana Merr. as antioxidant has been studied, but it’s safety level of its safety has not been widely known. Safety level of ethanolic extract of E. americana Merr leaves (EEEaL) can be detected by acute toxicity test using OECD 425. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of EEEaL as the guideline of its safe dose for therapy. This test was performed through OECD 425 (Up and Down Procedure) method with two doses (2000 and 5000 mg/kgbw) of EEEaL administration orally which observed for two weeks toward Wistar rats. The results of the test dose showed no toxic symptoms and they did not cause death in the test animals. Single dosage up to 5000 mg/kgbw also did not show any symptoms of toxicity, and did not cause weight loss until the 14th day of test. The LD50 value of EEEaL is more than 5000 mg/kgbw, suggesting that the plants is practically non toxic according to Loomis classification. Phytochemical screening showed that EEEaL contains compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 171-177, 2019 (December)
Phytochemical Investigation of Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Authors: Islam Quazi Sufia , Sohrab Md Hossain , Sharmin Suraiya , Hasan Choudhury Mahmood
Published: December 2019

Repeated chromatographic separation and purification of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum led to the isolation of four secondary metabolites which were identified as β-friedelin (1), α-friedelan-3-ol (2), 4-hydroxyxanthone (3) and stigmast-5-en-3-one (4) by analysis of their NMR data and comparison with published values

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 179-182, 2019 (December)
Determination of Preservatives in Fruit Juice Products Available in Bangladesh by a Validated RP HPLC Method
Authors: Islam Md Samiul , Zahan Nisat , Hossain Md Shahadat , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether fruit juices available in markets of Bangladesh contain any preservative. A specific RP-HPLC method was developed, validated and applied to identify and quantify preservatives including benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben simultaneously in 50 different products. These additives were separated by C18 column in mobile phase composed of methanol and acetate buffer (pH 4.4) in the ratio of 50:50 with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, and detected at 254 nm. Linearities for benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben were determined in the range of 20-170 ppm (r2 0.997), 12-42 ppm (r2 0.994), 10-60 ppm (r2 0.993) and 10-60 ppm (r2 0.992) respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5.46 ppm and 16.5 ppm for benzoic acid while for sorbic acid they were 1.08 ppm and 3.30 ppm, respectively. Benzoic acid was detected in a range of 96.1 to 441 ppm in 9 fruit juices while in 7 fruit juices sorbic acid was found in a range of 105 - 444 ppm. The values were within the maximum allowable ranges for fruit juice (1000 ppm for both benzoic acid and sorbic acid) as suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). None of the juice product was found to contain methyl paraben or propyl paraben

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 195-208, 2019 (December)
Potential Antibacterial Activity of Two Important Local Chewing Sticks “Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus” along with Antioxidant Capacities
Authors: Shittu AO , Aliyu A , David MS , Njinga NS , Ishaq HI
Published: December 2019

In order to authenticate and ascertain the various claim by the rural dwellers that depend on chewing sticks for their oral hygiene and protection against innumerable diseases, the antibacterial activity of the roots of Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. In-vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts of both plants was also carried out using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhii ATCC 14028, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 and also some clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis at different concentrations and ratios. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, saponin, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phenol. All the test microorganisms were susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the extracts at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml. F. zanthoxyloides had better antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 21.0 to 26.0 mm at 200 mg/ml and 24.3 to 29.3 mm at 500 mg/ml while D. benthamianus had zones of inhibition ranging from 17.7 to 26.7 mm at 200 mg/mL and 19.0 to 26.7 mm at 500 mg/mL. Some of the test microorganisms were resistant to the standard antibiotics (cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin). Combinations of the extracts in ratios 50:50 and 75:25 yielded no increase in activity. The MIC and MBC for D. benthamianus ranged from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 mg/mL and 25 to 200 mg/ml, respectively while that of F. zanthoxyloides ranged from 1.56 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/mL and 50 to 200 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity demonstrated by F. zanthoxyloides and D. benthamianus indicates that they would be valuable in the management of urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts infections while at the same time helping to mitigate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Phenolic compounds of plants, among them flavonoids are the chief constituents, which have potent antioxidant activities

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 223-232, 2019 (December)
In- vitro antioxidant and In vivo Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Marantochloa Leucantha (Marantaceae) Extracts and Fractions
Authors: Obonga Wilfred O , Nnadi Charles O , Chima Chinonye C , Okafor Sunday N , Omeje Edwin O
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Marantochloa leucantha (Marantaceae). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts and solvent fractions was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay models and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by the rat paw edema model. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, reducing sugar and phenolics. The antioxidant assay showed that all the extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity comparable with ascorbic and gallic acid controls. In DPPH model, a 250 μg/ml EtOAc fraction of the leaves showed antioxidant activity of 93.9 ± 1.7 % (EC50 0.82 μg/ml) and a 1000 μg/ml of same stem fraction produced 91.9 ± 0.3 % activity (EC50 1.38 μg/ml). In the FRAP model, EtOAc fraction exhibited 31.1±0.7 and 92.0 ± 2.2 μM Fe2+/g of dried leaves and stem, respectively at 1000 μg/ml FeSO4 equivalent. The anti-inflammatory potential of the plant showed that the crude stem extract and fractions at 200 - 600 mg/kg exhibited significant (p < 0.01) dose-related inhibition of paw edema in rats. A 200 mg/kg EtOAc fraction showed 18.8 % inhibition compared to 31 % observed in diclofenac-treated rats in 2 h post albumin challenge. These findings validated the folkloric use of this plant in the treatment of diseases associated to the oxidative stress and could further provide promising lead compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 233-240, 2019 (December)
Türkiye’de kadınların aile planlaması yöntemleri kullanma durumları ve tutumları: Sistematik derleme
Authors: Gavas Esma , İnal Sevil
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu derleme, Türkiye’deki kadınların aile planlaması (AP) yöntemleri kullanma durumlarının ve AP yöntemleri kullanımına yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Sistematik derleme niteliğindeki bu araştırmada; elde edilen sonuçlar, araştırmanın yapıldığı yer, araştırma yöntemi, araştırma kapsamı ve sonuçları bakımından sistematik bir şekilde ele alındı ve sonuçlar tartışma bölümünde irdelendi. AP yöntemleri, kadın, Türkiye,  kadın sağlığı, aile planlaması anahtar kelimeleri girilerek, Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, Medline, Ovid, Pro Quest, Google Akademik, ULAK BİM Türk Tıp Dizini veri tabanları, tez merkezi, üniversitelerin kütüphanelerinde bu konuda yapılmış tezler incelenerek, 2007-2017 yılları arasında yapılmış toplam 12 çalışma araştırmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular: Kullanılan aile planlaması yöntemlerinin dağılımı incelendiğinde, araştırmaya göre oldukça değişen oranlarda farklı aile planlaması yöntemlerinin tercih edildiği belirlendi. Geleneksel bir yöntem olan geri çekme yönteminin araştırmaya göre değişmekle birlikte ilk sıralarda tercih edilen yöntemlerden biri olduğu saptandı (%9.1-%61.3). Kondom kullanım oranı %13.2- %47.3 arasında, rahim içi araç kullanım oranı %19.1’i - %25.2 ve hap kullanım oranı %13.9-%50.9 arasında değişmekteydi. Çoğu çalışmada sosyal güvencesi olanların, eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanların, çalışan kadınların Aile Planlaması Tutum Ölçeği puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Sonuçlar: Türkiye’deki kadınların aile planlaması yöntemleri hakkında bilgi düzeylerinin düşük olduğu ve AP yöntemlerini etkili şekilde kullanmadığı görülmektedir. Modern aile planlaması yöntemi kullanma oranı düşük, geri çekme yöntemi kullanma oranı yüksektir. Eğitimli, sosyal güvencesi olan ve çalışan kadınların, aile planlaması yöntemleri kullanımı ile ilgili tutumlarının daha olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçların Türkiye’de kadınların AP yöntemleri kullanma durumlarının ve AP yöntemlerine ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesinin, kadınlara AP konusunda yapılacak eğitimlerin planlanmasında yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.