bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linhagens de coentro com pendoamento tardio sob dois sistemas de plantio
Authors: Maciel Gabriel M , Costa Cyro P , Sala Fernando C
Published: November 2014

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico de linhagens de coentro tolerantes ao pendoamento precoce em dois sistemas de plantio (semeadura direta e transplante de mudas). O experimento foi conduzido de junho a novembro de 2010. Foram avaliadas três linhagens de coentro (Guarani#1, Guarani#21 e Guarani#36), e a cultivar Verdão em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Avaliou-se o número de folhas por planta (NF), massa verde do maço (MVM), rendimento de massa verde por m² (REND), período comercial suportado no campo (COM), ciclo em dias (CIC) e percentagem de pendoamento (PP). A PP foi avaliada nos dois sistemas de plantio aos 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 e 120 dias após semeadura (DAS). Ocorreram diferenças significativas no sistema de plantio com mudas quanto ao NF, MVM e REND entre as linhagens Guarani#36 e Guarani#21 e 'Verdão'. A linhagem Guarani#36 comparada com 'Verdão' foi superior nos parâmetros NF, MVM e REND em 246,05%, 162,91% e 165,38%, respectivamente. Superioridade semelhante foi observada na linhagem Guarani#21 com 211,95%, 148,10% e 150% para os parâmetros NF, MVM e REND, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significativas para CIC entre as linhagens e 'Verdão'. No sistema de semeadura direta as linhagens Guarani#36 e Guarani#21 apresentaram efeitos significativos em todos os parâmetros avaliados quando comparadas com a cultivar Verdão, exceto para ciclo das linhagens. Nos parâmetros NF, MVM e REND a linhagem Guarani#36 apresentou superioridade de 251,27%, 148,14% e 150% à cv. Verdão, respectivamente. Também superior, a linhagem Guarani#21 comparada com 'Verdão' apresentou superioridades de 218,13%, 136,18% e 137,50% para NF, MVM e REND, respectivamente. As três linhagens foram superiores a 'Verdão' quanto ao COM para os dois sistemas de plantio. As linhagens Guarani#21 e Guarani#36 apresentam pendoamento mais tardio em ambos os sistemas de produção quando comparados com a cv. Verdão.
Correlations between yield and fruit quality characteristics of fresh market tomatoes
Authors: Souza Lívia M de , Melo Paulo César T , Luders Reginaldo R , Melo Arlete MT
Published: November 2014

Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations were estimated for all possible pairs among eleven characters of tomatoes. Fifteen treatments including five parents and ten hybrids of Instituto Agronômico (IAC) tomato breeding program were evaluated using a randomized complete block experimental design, with tree replications in Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, during 2005/2006. The following traits were evaluated: fruit yield per plant (FP), fruit number per plant (FN), average fruit weight (FW), cluster number per plant (CN), fruit number per cluster (FC), number of locules per fruit (NL), fruit length (FL), fruit width (WI), fruit wall thickness (FT), total soluble solids (SS), and total titratable acidity (TA). The genotypic (rG), phenotypic (rF) and environmental correlations (rA) for two pairs of plant traits were estimated using the Genes© program. High similarity was found among the estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Positive and high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between FP and the traits FN, FW and FT, and these associations contributed for yield increasing. FW and FT contributed to yield increase and should be considered together as primary yield components in tomato. Positive values of the genotypic and phenotypic correlations revealed that FP influenced FN with high direct effect and significant positive correlation. These traits may be included as the main selection criteria for tomato yield improvement.
Armazenamento refrigerado de morango submetido a altas concentrações de CO2
Authors: Cunha Junior Luis C , Jacomino Angelo P , Ogassavara Flávia O , Trevisan Marcos J , Parisi Marise CM
Published: November 2014

Temperatura de 0ºC associada a atmosferas com 12 a 20% de CO2 têm sido recomendadas como condição ideal para o armazenamento de morango. Entretanto, as redes de distribuição e comercialização de produtos hortícolas no Brasil geralmente não possuem cadeia de frio, ou a possuem em temperatura entre 10 e 15ºC. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade e conservação do morango 'Oso Grande' sob temperatura de 10ºC associada com altas concentrações de dióxido de carbono. Os morangos foram selecionados, resfriados e armazenados a 10ºC em mini-câmaras herméticas, onde foram aplicadas as distintas concentrações de CO2 (0,03, 10, 20, 40 e 80%) combinadas com 20% de O2. Os morangos foram avaliados a cada 2 dias até se tornarem impróprios para o consumo. As concentrações de 20 e 40% de CO2 permitiram a conservação dos morangos por até 8 dias; já aqueles com 0,03% de CO2 duraram apenas 2 dias. Os morangos a 80% de CO2 mantiveram ótima aparência por 6 dias, porém foram considerados inadequados para o consumo por apresentarem elevados teores de acetaldeído (40,92 µg g-1) e de etanol (1.053 µg g-1), provenientes do processo fermentativo. A perda de massa fresca dos morangos foi inferior a 2%, demonstrando a eficiência da técnica utilizada para o controle da umidade relativa no armazenamento. Os frutos acondicionados com 0,03 e 80% de CO2 apresentaram a maior perda de firmeza, sendo que ao final do armazenamento esta foi de 40% em relação à firmeza inicial. Já os morangos armazenados com 20 e 40% de CO2 perderam apenas 28% da firmeza inicial. Apesar da diferença estatística na coloração externa do morango, essa foi visualmente imperceptível. Os morangos 'Oso Grande' armazenados a 10ºC sob atmosfera controlada com 40% de CO2 associado com 20% de O2 mantiveram suas características comerciais por 8 dias.
Plant density and nitrogen fertilization in Swiss chard
Authors: Echer Márcia de M , Zoz Tiago , Rossol Charles Douglas , Steiner Fábio , Castagnara Deise D , Lana Maria do C
Published: November 2014

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen fertilization on Swiss chard's yield, from September to November 2009. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in split plot with four replications. In the plots were allocated the two plant spacings (0.30 and 0.50 m) and in the subplots the five doses of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1). The crop was harvested 90 days after transplanting. The plant spacing of 0.50 m provided increased production of total fresh weight of shoot (961.7 g plant-1) and marketable (873.1 g plant-1). However, the highest total yield (77.8 t ha-1) and marketable (64.5 t ha-1) was achieved with the smaller spacing between plants (0.30 m). The N rates applied in coverage until 160 kg ha-1 increased in a linear form the total and marketable production of fresh mass of shoots, the total and marketable yield, the N content and the N accumulation in the shoots of Swiss chard plants on the evaluated plant spacings.
Produção da cebola em função da densidade de plantas
Authors: Menezes Júnior Francisco Olmar G de , Vieira Neto João
Published: November 2014

O estabelecimento da densidade ideal de plantas por hectare segundo a espécie, cultivar, sistema e região de cultivo é de extrema importância para o sucesso econômico da atividade olerícola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de cinco densidades de plantas (200, 250, 300, 400 e 600 mil plantas ha-1), em diferentes arranjos espaciais, sobre a produção e qualidade de bulbos, e rentabilidade da cultivar de cebola Empasc 355-Juporanga. O experimento foi realizado na Epagri, EE de Ituporanga, de maio a dezembro de 2010. Foram avaliados o ciclo, a produtividade, perda pós-colheita, a rentabilidade da cultura e características biométricas das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em parcela subdividida no tempo, com quatro repetições. Observou-se que o aumento da densidade de plantas não influenciou a produtividade comercial (36,19 t ha-1) e de bulbos das classes 3 e superiores (31,91 t ha-1), bem como na conservação de bulbos após três meses de armazenamento. Contudo, resultou na aceleração do ciclo da cultivar (em aproximadamente uma semana), na redução do diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos, no aumento da produtividade total (de 33,58 para 41,92 t ha-1) e de bulbos da classe 2 (com o aumento da densidade de plantio de 200 para 600 mil plantas ha-1 a produtividade de bulbos da classe 2 passou de 0,28 para 10,92 t ha-1). A obtenção de bulbos de maior qualidade (classe 3) é obtida quando do uso de densidades populacionais entre 400.000 e 600.000 plantas ha-1. Considerando os custos de mão de obra, nas operações de transplante e colheita, e preços pagos ao produtor, a análise custo/benefício indica um acréscimo de R$ 682,45 ha-1 na rentabilidade com o uso de densidades populacionais de 600 mil plantas ha-1.
Briefing: Reuniting health and planning in England – reflections from the front line
Authors: Chang Michael , Ross Andrew
Published: November 2014

Policy and practice reforms to planning and public health in England provide fresh opportunities for built environment professions to tackle health inequalities and create healthier environments. The Town and Country Planning Association's Reuniting health with planning programme reports that local authorities are improving collaboration between public health practitioners, planners and related professionals as a first step towards achieving better health outcomes from development. However, progress risks being hampered by an overall drive by government to prioritise economic development over balanced sustainable development as the primary outcome of the planning system, despite its stated policy objectives. This could have long-term negative consequences for addressing spatial inequalities and perpetuate some of the ill-health that people experience in urban environments. Stakeholders in the development sector need to adopt the principle that all new development should contribute to healthier places rather than adding to the existing health burden and associated economic costs.
Análise empírica da contribuição de melhoria nos municípios catarinenses no período de 2007 a 2009
Authors: Balsanelli Adilson
Published: November 2014

A contribuição de melhoria é um tributo cobrado como uma contraprestação por algum tipo de serviço que fora prestado pelo município. Pode decorrer de valorização que o imóvel particular beneficiado pelos serviços agregue. Sua cobrança sempre depende de lei e norteia-se em duas grandes condições essenciais: a prestação do serviço público e a valorização do bem abrangido pela prestação de tal serviço. De acordo com a legislação vigente, a contribuição de melhoria somente poderá ser cobrada desde que o contribuinte tenha prévio conhecimento da sua ocorrência, por meio da devida publicação de edital, que, conforme entendimento dominante do Superior Tribunal Federal, pode ser posterior à execução da obra, já que a publicação faz-se necessária para a cobrança do tributo e não para a execução. O objetivo central do estudo em voga procura evidenciar a relevância da contribuição de melhoria nas finanças municipais, para que se possa ter uma visão abrangente do problema discutido, bem como apontar melhorias. Os 293 municípios catarinenses foram a população foco da análise, sendo que limitações foram encontradas, mais precisamente a falta de dados em relação a alguns municípios, que, porém, não despertaram anomalias significativas na análise de dados. Todos os dados foram obtidos por meio do Finbra e tabulados no Microsoft Excel. A análise para se obter o resultado sobre os municípios que mais arrecadaram, nos anos de 2007, 2008 e 2009, deu-se com a divisão da contribuição de melhoria pelo total da receita tributária. As porcentagens obtidas representam objetivamente o quantitativo desejado, uma vez que não se poderia simplesmente observar o valor em reais de arrecadação de cada município. A análise de dados partiu da observação do número de municípios catarinenses, que praticam a cobrança da contribuição de melhoria, passando em seguida à análise da representação de tal tributo no montante da receita tributária e de quais os dez municípios que mais o arrecadaram, sempre usando a fórmula: contribuição de melhoria dividida pela receita tributária total. Por fim, tem-se por conclusão a insignificância da contribuição de melhoria nos municípios catarinenses, não pela sua capacidade de geração de receita, mas sim pela quase nulidade de sua cobrança, por não possuir uniformidade, e mesmo naqueles em que há uniformidade os recursos obtidos são ínfimos.
Um estudo acerca do uso da gestão de riscos estratégicos na auditoria de gestão da Marinha do Brasil
Authors: Costa Stella Regina Reis da , Fajardo Jeisom de Melo
Published: November 2014

Em face das novas perspectivas para os trabalhos de auditoria, agora dirigidos para aspectos relacionados ao desempenho da gestão, e pela notoriedade que o debate a respeito do tema possui, a partir das determinações emanadas pelo órgão máximo de fiscalização do Poder Executivo Federal – O Tribunal de Contas da União –, determinados aspectos afetos ao alcance da excelência da gestão ganharam destaque. Neste estudo, procura-se explorar o impacto que a ferramenta de gerenciamento de riscos promove no desempenho dos processos de gestão das Unidades Jurisdicionadas da Marinha do Brasil, sob a ótica dos resultados estratégicos pretendidos pelo órgão, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Diante disto, e tendo em vista as condicionantes impostas pelo Tribunal de Contas, para apresentação das prestações de contas do erário, verificou-se que a necessidade de implantação do Planejamento Estratégico nas unidades administrativas da Marinha do Brasil ficou imperiosa, que os riscos estratégicos mais relevantes dizem respeito à necessidade de pessoal e material, que os riscos operacionais devem ser acompanhados pelos gestores e que o gerenciamento dos riscos em nível estratégico irá requerer o comprometimento e o acompanhamento permanente dos altos escalões da Administração da Marinha.
Análise da importância da utilização do orçamento e do planejamento estratégico como ferramenta de controle na atividade rural
Authors: Santos Lizandra Blaas dos , Quintana Alexandre Costa
Published: November 2014

Este estudo tem por objetivo geral verificar a importância da utilização do orçamento aliado ao Planejamento Estratégico, como ferramenta de controle e como forma de minimizar riscos oriundos das oscilações do mercado, a fim de alcançar resultados cada vez mais proveitosos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza formal, com objetivos descritivos, realizado numa empresa que explora a atividade rural no Rio Grande do Sul, a qual compreende a cultura de soja, sendo projetados os exercícios de 2010 a 2013. Nesse período, foram elaborados e analisados vários orçamentos até a mensuração total das informações no orçamento de caixa, demonstrando-se a saúde financeira da empresa em cada período. Neste sentido, verificou-se também a necessidade do acompanhamento e controle do orçamento periódico, visto que em tempo hábil é possível redirecionar metas e objetivos, de forma a preservar a liquidez da empresa. Por meio do método dedutivo e abordagem qualitativa, trata-se de uma análise perspicaz para a atualidade, em que pouco se relata sobre o orçamento e o planejamento estratégico no segmento da atividade rural. Sendo assim, este estudo faz menção à importância de sua utilização e as consequências benéficas que pode trazer à empresa.
Desenvolvimento de um Modelo de Custeio Híbrido para Empresas prestadoras de serviço por encomenda
Authors: Kremer Aline Willeman , Borget Altair , Richartz Fernando
Published: November 2014

Com o aumento da participação das empresas prestadoras de serviço na economia brasileira, o uso de instrumentos gerenciais que auxiliem no processo de tomada de decisão se tornou um diferencial competitivo. Diante disto, o objetivo deste artigo é estruturar um modelo de custeio híbrido que permita conhecer os custos de uma empresa prestadora de serviços contábeis, combinando os aspectos do ABC e da UEP. Em termos metodológicos, esta pesquisa tem finalidade descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, desenvolvida por meio de uma pesquisa ação. Os resultados demonstram que o custo do serviço base é de R$ 407,83 com capacidade mensal de produção de 14,94 UEPs. Com base nestas informações, os custos da prestação de serviços para os demais clientes também pode ser encontrado. O custo para o cliente X, por exemplo, no mês de maio de 2011, foi de R$ 365,63, sendo que neste mesmo período o honorário recebido por estes serviços foi de R$ 545,00, gerando um resultado para a Empresa XYZ de R$ 179,37. Por fim, conclui-se que o modelo estruturado permite que sejam mensurados os custos de todos os clientes, apenas alterando o tempo que passou por cada atividade. Além disso, a praticidade da UEP permite que, em períodos subsequentes, desde que não ocorram alterações significativas na estrutura produtiva, o valor gasto com cada cliente seja identificado de forma rápida e econômica.
Mensuração e Evidenciação de Ativos Intangíveis em Demonstrações Contábeis: O Estudo de Caso em um Clube de Futebol Brasileiro
Authors: Alves Caroline dos Santos , Behr Ariel , Raimundini Simone Letícia
Published: November 2014

Este artigo aborda práticas de reconhecimento e evidenciação de ativos intangíveis em um time de futebol brasileiro. Para tanto, apresenta os ativos intangíveis e sua importância no contexto atual; evidencia técnicas de reconhecimento de ativos intangíveis; identifica práticas de reconhecimento, mensuração e evidenciação de ativos intangíveis passíveis de contabilização de um time de futebol do Brasil, comparando-as com os Procedimentos Contábeis vigentes, e faz uma análise sobre o impacto dessas práticas nas demonstrações contábeis da entidade. É conduzido por uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediada por análise documental e entrevista, trazendo aspectos da mensuração e da alocação de custos no caso estudado. Predomina nos resultados a carência de informações aos interessados e a mesma segue apenas emparte a norma vigente. Na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis da entidade são utilizados critérios bastante subjetivos, dando margem à disparidade existente entre as entidades deste segmento. Como principal implicação há a necessidade de que os sócios do clube exijam de seus gestores que evidenciem as práticas que estão sendo adotadas, para que se tenha maior transparência na gestão e maior atratividade no investimento. Considerando os resultados obtidos, entende-se que este artigo tem na temática escolhida seu principal valor, uma vez que estuda um ramo de negócio bastante explorado no cenário nacional e que, apesar disso, ainda é carente em legislação e padronização decondutas por parte da contabilidade.
Nutritional and anti-nutrient composition of Karaya gum tree (Sterculia setigera) seed: a potential fish feed ingredient
Authors: Adelakun Kehinde Moruff , Mustapha Moshood Keke , Ogundiwin Damilare Ibukun , Ihidero Ambrose A
Published: November 2014

The nutritional and anti-nutritive composition of Karaya gum tree (Sterculia setigera) seed collected from Federal College of Wildlife Management estate, New Bussa, Nigeria was evaluated from October to December, 2013 with the aim of providing data that will guide the effective utilization and inclusion of this under exploited tropical plant seed in fish feed formulation. The seeds were washed, dried, grounded and analyzed for the proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents as well as the anti-nutritive factors using standard procedures. The result showed that the mean values for the proximate composition were: moisture 5.20%, ash 3.95%, fat 26.03%, fiber 6.15%, protein 13.39% and carbohydrate 45.27%. The plant also contained vitamins and relatively adequate essential mineral elements of nutritional importance of macro elements such as calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and micro elements of iron, manganese, zinc and copper. Some anti-nutritional factor such as; alkaloids, phytate, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and trace of oxalate were also found in the plant, but their composition will pose no serious  nutritional problem if well processed before its inclusion in fish diet and could therefore be a cheap source of raw materials for the fortification applications in various fish feed formulations.
Predicting Canopy Temperatures and Infrared Heater Energy Requirements for Warming Field Plots
Authors: Kimball B. A. , White J. W. , Ottman M. J. , Wall G. W. , Bernacchi C. J. , Morgan J. , Smith D. P.
Published: November 2014

Warming open‐field plots using arrays of infrared heaters has proven feasible for conducting experiments to determine the likely effects of global warming on various ecosystems. To date, however, such experiments have been done for only a few degrees (≤3.5°C) of warming, yet climate projections, especially for high latitudes, indicate that future warming may be 10°C or more. Therefore, there is a need to conduct such experiments with more heating, which increases expense. To estimate energy requirements and costs for such temperature free‐air controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) experiments, improved theory was developed whereby: (i) the canopy temperature of an unheated plot is computed using the well‐accepted Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, with some constraints to calculate aerodynamic resistance; (ii) the desired amount of warming is added; and (iii) the energy balance is re‐solved to obtain the additional infrared radiation needed from the heaters to attain the desired temperature of the heated plots. Performance data are presented from T‐FACE experiments with 3‐m‐diameter plots conducted over six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops and for 1‐wk periods over soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and northern mixed‐grass prairie. The T‐FACE system over wheat provided warming temperatures for day and night that were within 0.1°C of the desired setpoint differences. The measured or predicted energy requirements of the T‐FACE system for raising the wheat canopy temperatures averaged about 7.0 kWh m−2 d−1. Predictions of canopy temperatures and infrared heating requirements agreed with measurements most of the time for wheat, soybean, and prairie.
Post‐flowering Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulation of Lentil Substantially Contributes to Pod Production
Authors: Zakeri Hossein , Bueckert Rosalind
Published: November 2014

Lentil (Len culinaris L.) is an indeterminate legume crop that continues to grow and accumulate biomass (DM) after flowering. Abundant N can stimulate post‐flowering vegetative growth of lentil and reduce partitioning of DM and N into pods. The effect of inoculant rhizobia, 50 kg N fertilizer ha–1 and non‐treated control treatments on DM and N partitioning of lentil was studied in Saskatchewan. Accumulated DM and N in leaf, stem and pod of eight lentil cultivars were measured at flowering, podding, and maturity. The results showed that more than 85% of DM (5.8 g DM plant–1) and N (143 mg N plant–1) were accumulated after lentil flowering. Of the 167 mg N and 6.5 g DM plant–1 at maturity, 58% DM and 75% N was in pod, 26% DM and 10% N was in stem, and leaf had the remaining 15% of the DM and N. The treatments affected N concentration and occasionally total DM and N content of the plant organs, but partitioning of DM and N among the three parts was independent of the treatments. In comparison, soil moisture significantly affected total and partitioning of DM and N into pod. Among the cultivars, the medium‐maturing cultivar CDC Milestone accumulated similar DM and N as late‐maturing ones, but allocated a greater portion of DM and N to pod than the late‐maturing cultivars. Overall, available N during pod‐filling promotes lentil biomass and pod production, but the efficiency of DM and N partitioning to pod is controlled by plant genotype and soil moisture.
Kinetics of Competitive Reduction of Nitrate and Iron Oxides byAeromonas hydrophilaHS01
Authors: Liu Tongxu , Zhang Wei , Li Xiaomin , Li Fangbai , Zhang Wei , Shen Weijun
Published: November 2014

While the interaction between NO3−and Fe reduction is well reported, it still lacks a detailed quantitative analysis of the properties and reactions responsible for the competitive reduction. In this study, the kinetics of the reduction of NO3−and Fe oxides byAeromonas hydrophilaHS01 were investigated in an artificial groundwater medium. The presence of Fe oxides showed an inhibitory effect on NO3−reduction to a varying extent, and vice versa, which was also evidenced by cyclic voltammetry analysis of Fe(II)/Fe(III). Higher Fe(III) availability and increased Fe oxide surface areas were more favorable for Fe reduction but resulted in a stronger inhibitory effect on NO3−reduction. The inhibitory effect also decreased with increased hematite crystallinity. Based on the kinetics and the elementary reactions, we established a kinetic model suggesting that direct biotic NO3−reduction by HS01 is the leading contribution, while the cell‐associated Fe(II) produced by HS01 also reduced NO3−but with a limited contribution because the reaction rates of NO3reduction by cell‐associated Fe(II) are lower than that of NO3−reduction by HS01. This detailed kinetics and modeling study provides useful information for understanding the interaction between NO3−and Fe reduction in various subsurface environments.
Heated Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing: A Dual‐Probe Heat‐Pulse Approach
Authors: Benítez-Buelga Javier , Sayde Chadi , Rodríguez-Sinobas Leonor , Selker John S.
Published: November 2014

Implementation of the dual‐probe heat‐pulse (DPHP) approach for measurement of volumetric heat capacity (C) and water content (θ) with distributed temperature sensing heated fiber optic (FO) systems presents an unprecedented opportunity for environmental monitoring (e.g., simultaneous measurement at thousands of points). We applied uniform heat pulses along a FO cable and monitored the thermal response at adjacent cables. We tested the DPHP method in the laboratory using multiple FO cables at a range of spacings. The amplitude and phase shift in the heat signal with distance was found to be a function of the soil volumetric heat capacity. Estimations of C at a range of moisture contents (θ = 0.09– 0.34 m3 m−3) suggest the feasibility of measurement via responsiveness to the changes in θ, although we observed error with decreasing soil water contents (up to 26% at θ = 0.09 m3 m−3). Optimization will require further models to account for the finite radius and thermal influence of the FO cables. Although the results indicate that the method shows great promise, further study is needed to quantify the effects of soil type, cable spacing, and jacket configurations on accuracy.
Kinetic studies of phosphate adsorption onto construction solid waste (CSW)
Authors: Liu C. , Yang Y. , Wan N.
Published: November 2014

Adsorption of phosphate onto construction solid waste (CSW) was investigated in a batch system. CSW as an inescapable by-product of the construction and demolition process, was used as a composite adsorbent for the removal of phosphate in this study. The adsorption kinetics was investigated under various parameters such as contact time, pH, CSW dosage, initial phosphate concentration and particle size. Greater percentage of phosphate was removed with decrease in the initial concentration and increase in the amount of CSW used. Adsorption of phosphate was pH dependent, and maximum phosphate immobilisation capacity was obtained in alkaline condition. Lagergren ﬁrst-order, second-order, intra-particle diffusion and external diffusion model were used to test the experimental data. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption was best ﬁtted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption mechanism studies revealed that both external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion had rate limiting effects on the removal process. These results demonstrated that the CSW could be used as a low-cost adsorbent media for phosphate removal, and the data were relevant for optimal design of wastewater treatment plants.
The Effects of Positive Affect, Person-Job Fit, and Well-being on Job Performance
Authors: Lin Yi-Chang , Yu Chien , Yi Chin-Cheh
Published: November 2014

Our aims in this study were to examine the positive affect and person-job fit of team members and the effect of their sense of well-being on their job performance. Participants were 212 employees of 10 life insurance companies in Taiwan. We developed a survey to measure employees' positive
affect, person-job fit, well-being, and job performance. Results showed that the employees' positive affect had a positive effect on both their sense of well-being and job performance, there was a highly significant positive correlation between person-job fit and well-being, and both well-being
and person-job fit had positive effects on job performance. In addition, individuals' positive affect may have directly affected the quality of their job performance and well-being through the indirect effect of the quality of job performance, and person-job fit may have directly affected
the quality of job performance, and indirectly affected the quality of job performance through well-being. Therefore, we suggested that managers should emphasize employee positive affect to increase individual employee sense of well-being, thus synchronizing job demands and individual capabilities
to improve job performance.
The College of American Pathologists Guidelines for Whole Slide Imaging Validation are Feasible for Pediatric Pathology: A Pediatric Pathology Practice Experience
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , Chenever Emily , Baker Peter B. , Boué Daniel R. , Fung Bonita , Hammond Sue , Hendrickson Brett W. , Kahwash Samir B. , Pierson Christopher R. , Prasad Vinay , Nicol Kathleen K. , Barr Thomas
Published: November 2014

Whole slide imaging (WSI) is rapidly transforming educational and diagnostic pathology services. Recently, the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center (CAP-PLQC) published recommended guidelines for validating diagnostic WSI. We prospectively evaluated the guidelines to determine their utility in validating pediatric surgical pathology and cytopathology specimens. Our validation included varied pediatric specimen types, including complex or less common diagnoses, in accordance with the guidelines. We completed WSI review of 60 surgical pathology cases and attempted WSI review of 21 cytopathology cases. For surgical pathology cases, WSI diagnoses were highly concordant with glass slide diagnoses; a discordant diagnosis was observed in 1 of 60 cases (98.3% concordance). We found that nucleated red blood cells and eosinophilic granular bodies represented specific challenges to WSI review of pediatric specimens. Cytology specimens were more frequently discordant or failed for technical reasons, with overall concordance of 66.7%. Review of pediatric cytopathology specimens will likely require image capture in multiple focal planes. This study is the first to specifically evaluate WSI review for pediatric specimens and demonstrates that specimens representing the spectrum of pediatric surgical pathology practice can be reviewed using WSI. Our application of the proposed CAP-PLQC guidelines to pediatric surgical pathology specimens is, to our knowledge, the first prospective implementation of the CAP-PLQC guidelines.
Analysis of Physical Activity and Acculturation among Turkish Migrants in Germany and England
Authors: Koca Canan , Lapa Tennur Yerlisu
Published: November 2014

Recent literature shows that migrant populations in Western countries are generally less physically active than their host populations. The purpose of the present study was to expand research investigating associations between physical activity (PA) and acculturation and their relationship with several socio-demographic factors among Turkish migrants in Germany and England. The sample consisted of 521 Turkish migrants. Migrant generation, length of residence, and language proficiency were used as indicators of acculturation. Acculturation was not associated with PA among migrants in Germany and England. PA of migrants was significantly associated with migrant's host country, age, sex, marital status, and education. The total PA of migrants in Germany was higher than that of migrants in England; the large majority of females in both Germany and England had low PA, whereas most males had moderate PA. Seemingly, PA in Turkish migrant populations will not necessarily increase as a result of greater acculturation to the host society.
Children's Construction Task Performance and Spatial Ability: Controlling Task Complexity and Predicting Mathematics Performance
Authors: Richardson Miles , Hunt Thomas E. , Richardson Cassandra
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a methodology to control construction task complexity and examined the relationships between construction performance and spatial and mathematical abilities in children. The study included three groups of children ( N =96); ages 7–8, 10–11, and 13–14 years. Each group constructed seven pre-specified objects. The study replicated and extended previous findings that indicated that the extent of component symmetry and variety, and the number of components for each object and available for selection, significantly predicted construction task difficulty. Results showed that this methodology is a valid and reliable technique for assessing and predicting construction play task difficulty. Furthermore, construction play performance predicted mathematical attainment independently of spatial ability.
The Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles Onto Activated Carbon
Authors: Jaworski W. , Streszewski B. , Szaciłowski K. , Pacławski K.
Published: November 2014

This work reports the results of spectrophotometric, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and microscopic (SEM) studies of the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposition on activated carbon (AC) surface modified with primary (ethanolamine) and secondary (diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine) amines. It was found that this method is efficient for deposition of AuNPs from aqueous solution. However, nanoparticles change their morphology depending on the kind of amine used in experiments. On the AC surface modified with ethanolamine, the uniform spherical AuNPs were formed. In case of diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine application, the agglomerates of AuNPs are present. The diameter of individual AuNPs did not exceed 15 nm and was bigger as compared with the diameter of particles present in precursor solution (ca. 10 nm).
Analysis of Impact of Chosen Parameters on the Wear of Camshft
Authors: Burdzik R. , Konieczny Ł. , Stanik Z. , Folęga P. , Smalcerz A. , Lisiecki A.
Published: November 2014

The paper provides an analysis of the reasons for excessive wear of the camshafts system components based on models developed to describe the impact of selected material, technological and operational factors. The subject of the research was wear of camshaft cams studied in accordance with results of operation tests. Based on the said tests, the dependence of wear intensity of cams from their angular position was established. The respective calculation results enabled the function of cam fallibility to be determined.
Morphology of Carbides Crystallizing in Fe-C-V and Fe-C-V-Si Alloys
Authors: Kawalec M.
Published: November 2014

Fe-C-V alloys with high vanadium content are included in the family of white cast irons, because all carbon present in this material is bound into vanadium carbides.

The study presents the results of microstructural examinations of the volume solidifying Fe-C-V and Fe-C-V-Si alloys containing carbon in the range of 1.38÷4.14%, vanadium in the range of 6.77÷16.34% and silicon in the range of 0÷3.10%. Attention was focused on near-eutectic alloys.

In Fe-C-V and Fe-C-V-Si alloys, depending on the chemical composition, can crystallize eutectic composed of ferrite and VC-type carbides highly differentiated morphology. In these alloys were observed following types of eutectic: fibrous eutectic, spiral, quasi-regular and globular.

Moreover, both these alloys are crystallized in the form of non-faceted dendrites primary carbides and faceted dendrites primary carbides. The paper presents examples of the different microstructures. Also in order to examine the shape of the primary carbides and eutectics in a closer detail the specimens were deep-etched with aqua regia and then examined in the SEM.
Diffusion of C and Cr During Creation of Surface Layer on Cast Steel Casting
Authors: Szajnar J. , Dulska A. , Wróbel T. , Suchoń J.
Published: November 2014

In paper a method of improvement in utility properties of unalloyed cast steel casting in result of diffusion of C and Cr in process of creation of surface layer is presented. The aim of paper was determination of diffusion range of basic elements of alloyed surface layer. Moreover a quantitative analysis of carbides phase strengthens alloyed surface layer of casting was carried out. The results of studies shown that important factors of surface layer creation are maximal temperature Tmax on granular insert – cast steel boundary dependent of pouring temperature, granularity Zw of Fe-Cr-C alloy insert and thickness of casting wall gśo. On the basis of obtained results was affirmed that with increase of thickness of casting wall increases range of diffusion in solid state in Fe-Cr-C grains and in liquid state. Moreover the range of Tmax = 13001500oC favours creation of the proper alloyed surface layers on cast steel.
Evaluation of Cracking Causes of AlSi5Cu3 Alloy Castings
Authors: Eperješi Š. , Matvija M. , Eperješi ľ. , Vojtko M.
Published: November 2014

Recently, the castings made from aluminum-silicon alloys by pressure die casting are increasingly used in the automotive industry. In practice, on these castings are high demands, mainly demands on quality of their structure, operating life and safety ensuring of their utilization. The AlSi5Cu3 alloy castings are widely used for production of car components. After the prescribed tests, the cracks and low mechanical properties have been identified for several castings of this alloy, which were produced by low pressure casting into a metal mould and subsequent they were heat treated. Therefore, analyses of the castings were realized to determine the causes of these defects. Evaluation of structure of the AlSi5Cu3 alloy and causes of failure were the subjects of investigation presented in this article.
The Influence of the Content of Furfuryl Alcohol Monomer on the Process of Moulding Sand's Thermal Destruction
Authors: Dobosz St. M. , Drożyński D. , Jakubski J. , Major-Gabryś K.
Published: November 2014

The article discusses the issue of the influence of furfuryl alcohol content in resin binders on properties of moulding sand at elevated temperature. Reducing the share of this component - due to the requirements of the European Union regarding its toxicity - may cause a decrease in temperature of moulding sands’ destruction and, consequently, the thermal deformation of moulds and the creation of many casting defects. The study examined the impact of the furfuryl alcohol content of the thermal destruction processes and on the strength of the moulding sand at an ambient temperature and the tendency to thermal deformation.
Impact Strength of Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Cr-Ni Stainless Cast Steel in -40 and +20°C Temperature
Authors: Kalandyk B. , Zapała R. , Boroń Ł. , Solecka M.
Published: November 2014

Studies described in this paper relate to common grades of cast corrosion resistant Cr-Ni steel with different matrix. The test materials were subjected to heat treatment, which consisted in the solution annealing at 1060°C followed by cooling in water. The conducted investigations, besides the microstructural characteristics of selected cast steel grades, included the evaluation of hardness, toughness (at a temperature of -40 and +20oC) and type of fracture obtained after breaking the specimens on a Charpy impact testing machine. Based on the results of the measured volume fraction of ferrite, it has been found that the content of this phase in cast austenitic steel is 1.9%, while in the two-phase ferritic-austenitic grades it ranges from 50 to 58%. It has been demonstrated that within the scope of conducted studies, the cast steel of an austenitic structure is characterised by higher impact strength than the two-phase ferritic-austenitic (F-A) grade. The changing appearance of the fractures of the specimens reflected the impact strength values obtained in the tested materials. Fractures of the cast austenitic Cr-Ni steel obtained in these studies were of a ductile character, while fractures of the cast ferritic-austenitic grade were mostly of a mixed character with the predominance of brittle phase and well visible cleavage planes.
Characterization of Explosive Weld Joints by TEM and SEM/EBSD
Authors: Paul H. , Morgiel J. , Baudin T. , Brisset F. , Prażmowski M. , Miszczyk M.
Published: November 2014

The layers near the interface of explosively welded plates were investigated by means of microscopic observations with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscattered diffraction facility (SEM/EBSD). The metal compositions based on carbon or stainless steels (base plate) and Ti, Zr and Ta (flyer plate) were analyzed. The study was focused on the possible interdiffusion across the interface and the changes in the dislocation structure of bonded plates in the layers near-the-interface.

It was found that the extremely rapid temperature increase followed by high cooling rates in the areas near the interface favour the formation of metastable phases. The crystalline or glassy nature of the phases formed inside melted zones strongly depends on the chemical composition of bonded metals. The amorphous phases dominates the melted zone of the (carbon or stainless steel)/Zr whereas the mixture of amorphous phases and nano- grains were identified in (carbon steel)/Ti and (stainless steel)/Ta clads. The elongated shape of the (sub)grains and the randomly distributed dislocations inside them as well as the shear bands and twins observed in the layers near-the-interface of all investigated clads, clearly indicated that during explosive welding, the deformation processes were prevailing over the softening ones.
Study on Non-Metallic Inclusions in Laser-Welded TRIP-Aided Nb-Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Grajcar A. , Różański M. , Kamińska M. , Grzegorczyk B.
Published: November 2014

The work concerns the studies on non-metallic inclusions occuring in laser-welded Si-Al TRIP steel containing Nb and Ti microadditions. Laser welding tests of 2 mm thick thermomechanically rolled sheets were carried out using keyhole welding and a solid-state laser. The results of laser welding in the air atmosphere for the heat input value of 0.048 kJ/mm are included. The distribution, type and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions formed in the base metal, heat-affected zone, and fusion zone are analysed in detail. It was found that the base metal contains rare, fine oxysulphides. Their chemical composition was modified by rare earth elements. Numerous oxide inclusions of a various size and a chemical composition occur in the fusion zone. The dependence between a size of particles and their chemical composition was observed. A microstructure of steel was assessed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques.
Elaboration of Thermomechanical Treatment Conditions of Ti-V and Ti-Nb-V Microalloyed Forging Steels
Authors: Opiela M.
Published: November 2014

The goal of the work was to describe the forging conditions of thermomechanical treatment for Ti-V and Ti-Nb-V microalloyed steels. Conditions of hot-working allowing to obtain both the desired microstructure and mechanical properties of forgings were selected taking into consideration: precipitation analysis of MX-type (M – Nb, Ti, V; X – N, C) interstitial phases in austenite; research on the influence of the austenitizing temperature on the g-phase grain size; investigation of the continuous compression of specimens; and examination of the kinetics of recrystallization of plastically deformed austenite. The precipitation analysis of MX-type interstitial phases in austenite was conducted on the basis of a simplified thermodynamic model for equilibrium conditions as proposed by Adrian, assuming that individual MX phases are soluble in austenite. The effect of the austenitizing temperature in a range from 900 to 1200°C on the prior austenite grain size was investigated to verify the precipitation analysis of MX-type phases. The work also presents the results of the effect of Nb, Ti and V microadditions on flow stress, recrystallization kinetics and microstructure. Plastometric tests were carried out using the Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical test simulator. The studies provide the basis for a proper design of the manufacturing process for thermomechanical treatment of forged machine parts obtained from high-strength microalloyed steels.
Part I. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of the Hot Dip (Zn) - Coating Formation
Authors: Wołczyński W. , Pogoda Z. , Garzeł G. , Kucharska B. , Sypień A. , Okane T.
Published: November 2014

A hot dip (Zn) – coating formation is carried out in the industry conditions. Two types of the steel substrate are applied to the experiment. Two morphologically different coatings are obtained, accordingly. A hot dip (Zn) – coating formation is also carried out in the laboratory conditions for making some additional explanations of the revealed phenomena. The thickening of the - phase sub-layer is observed in details to determine time of the transition from stable into meta-stable solidification. The Fe-Zn phase diagrams for stable and meta-stable equilibrium are calculated, respectively. The phase diagram for dissolution is also determined. The criterion of the higher temperature of the solid/liquid (s/l) interface is successfully applied to the Fe-Zn system to justify the competition between stable and meta-stable solidification. The mass balance verification is performed for the (Zn) - coating in order to define the nominal Zn–solute concentration required by dissolution and next by solidification. The Zn – solute concentration in the dissolution, super-saturation and saturation zones are determined thermodynamically. The growth kinetics is described for all the sub-layers in the (Zn) – coating.
The Functioning of Drainage Canal Near Barrage “Brzeg Dolny” on the Odra River in 1971–2009
Authors: Olszewska Beata , Pływaczyk Leszek , Łyczko Wojciech
Published: November 2014

The paper analyses the amount of water flowing into the drainage canal in comparison to the levels of the Odra waters in the Brzeg Dolny – Wały cross section (upper water in the barrage). The results of the measurement of the flow intensity in the canal in 1971–2009 provided the basis for the evaluation.

The analysis led to the conclusion that with the same ordinate of damming in the barrage the average yearly flow in the canal in the Warzyna section decreased from 196 m3s–1 to about 80 dm3s–1 as the Odra's riverbed and the area between the embankments became tighter. The flow into the canal changes in time and depends on the difference between water levels in the Odra and in the canal. The paper presents the dynamics of changes in the water flow into the canal in relation to 1 m of difference between the level of water in the Odra and the drainage canal. It was shown that in a similar location, ground and water conditions as well as similar damming levels, the value of the drained water can be estimated to be about 35–40 dm3s–1km–1 for 1 meter of difference of the water level in the river and the canal.