bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Entry to 11‐Substituted 6H‐Isoindolo[2,1‐a]indol‐6‐one Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Nallapati Suresh Babu , Adepu Raju , Ashfaq Mohd Ashraf , Sreenivas B. Yogi , Mukkanti K. , Pal Manojit
Published: February 2016

A variety of new substituted isoindoloindolone derivatives and related fused heterocycles (18 examples in all) are synthesized via a sequential intramolecular Heck reaction of corresponding dihalo N‐allyl‐substituted N‐arylbenzamide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐((Benzimidazol‐2‐yl)thio)‐1‐arylethan‐1‐ones: Synthesis, Crystal Study and Cancer Stem Cells CD133 Targeting Potential.
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Eldehna Wagdy M. , Al‐Rashood Sara T.A. , Al‐Rashood Khalid A. , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Al‐Tahhan Mays , Al‐Dhfyan Abdullah
Published: February 2016

A variety of the title benzimidazole derivatives (IV) (15 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Active Catalysts for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Oxazolines from Nitriles and Aminoalcohols.
Authors: Trose Michael , Lazreg Faima , Lesieur Mathieu , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: February 2016

A NHC‐copper catalyst in the presence of NaOAc as co‐catalytic base allows the direct conversion of aromatic nitriles to 2‐substituted oxazolines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 4‐Oxazolidinone Heterocycles.
Authors: Shymanska Nataliia V. , An Il Hwan , Guevara‐Zuluaga Sebastian , Pierce Joshua G.
Published: February 2016

Oxazolidinone derivatives (VI) are synthesized by a one‐step dehydration/cyclization reaction of α‐keto amides (IV) bearing enolizable protons.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones by Tandem Cyclization of Propargylic Alcohols and Phenyl Isocyanate Promoted by Silver Catalysts as π‐Lewis Acids.
Authors: Sekine Kohei , Mawatari Takanori , Yamada Tohru
Published: February 2016

The reaction tolerates aryl and alkyl substituted propargylic alcohols and provides 4‐arylmethylidene or 4‐alkylmethylidene substituted 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones with most often excellent (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Domino Reaction of 5‐Substituted 2‐Nitrosophenols with Bromomethyl Aryl Ketones: A Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach to 2‐Aroylbenzoxazoles.
Authors: Aljaar Nayyef , Malakar Chandi C. , Conrad Juergen , Beifuss Uwe
Published: February 2016

The straightforward and selective method for preparation of aroylbenzoxazoles proceeds by a domino intermolecular nucleophilic substitution/intramolecular 1,2‐addition/elimination sequence and also tolerates bromoacetonitrile as a substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridylidene Ligand Facilitates Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Arylation of Heterocycles.
Authors: Hata Kazuhiro , Ito Hideto , Segawa Yasutomo , Itami Kenichiro
Published: February 2016

The highly electron‐donating triaryl‐2‐pyridylidene ligand promotes the gold(I)‐to gold(III) oxidation and stabilizes the gold(III) species which allows the oxidative coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Desulfitative C—C Cross Coupling of Fused Thiazolidine‐2‐thione with Boronic Acids and Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters: Formation of Fused Thiazoles.
Authors: Rajaguru Kandasamy , Mariappan Arumugam , Manjusri Ramachandran , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: February 2016

Fused thiazoles are synthesized through title reaction of thiazolidine‐2‐thiones either with boronic acids or with boronic acid pinacol esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted δ‐Lactones by Cooperative Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Lewis Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Bera Srikrishna , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: February 2016

The operationally simple cascade reaction comprising the formation of three new δ‐bonds, three new stereocenters and two rings provides cyclopentane or cyclohexane annelated δ‐lactones as single diastereomers with high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Prins‐Driven Friedel—Crafts Reaction for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydroindeno[2,1‐c]pyran Derivatives.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy G. Niranjan , Reddy M. Ramana , Lakshmi J. K. , Jagadeesh B. , Sridhar B.
Published: February 2016

Treatment of (E)‐diphenylalkenes bearing a primary ethanol side chain with aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes under conditions A) produces the desired tricyclic heterocycle as scaffold of various natural substances and pharmaceutical agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cationic CpxRu(II) Complexes for Enantioselective Yne‐Enone Cyclizations.
Authors: Kossler David , Cramer Nicolai
Published: February 2016

The preparation of twelve title complexes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Pyridines via Suzuki—Miyaura Approach.
Authors: Karadeniz Eda , Zora Metin , Kilicaslan Nihan Zuelay
Published: February 2016

5‐Iodopyridines are successfully coupled with functionalized aryl and hetaryl boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*CoIII Catalyzed Site‐Selective C—H Activation of Unsymmetrical O‐Acyl Oximes: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Isoquinolines from Terminal and Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Sun Bo , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Kanai Motomu , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: February 2016

In contrast to a Rh catalysis, the cobalt complex affords the desired heterocyclic scaffold with a high site selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 6‐Difluoromethylphosphonated Phenanthridines by Visible‐Light‐Driven Radical Cyclization of 2‐Isocyanobiphenyls.
Authors: Wang Shuang , Jia Wen‐Liang , Wang Lin , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2016

Irradiation with a 3 W blue LED lamp under conditions A) causes ring closure between the 2‐isocyanobiphenyls (radical acceptors) and phosphonate (II) (radical source).
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudo‐Multicomponent Reactions of Arynes with N‐Aryl Imines.
Authors: Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Rodriguez Jean , Coquerel Yoann
Published: February 2016

The reaction of two equivalents of aryne with an N‐aryl imine leads to 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines via a regioselective reaction cascade whereby the aryne serves as dienophile as well as electrophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyheteroaromatic Compounds via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Multiple C—H Bond Activation and Oxidative Annulation.
Authors: Peng Shiyong , Liu Suna , Zhang Sai , Cao Shengyu , Sun Jiangtao
Published: February 2016

The reaction of β‐enamino esters or 4‐aminocoumarins with symmetrically substituted internal diaryl alkynes delivers polyheteroaromatic compounds in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Amines via Redox Neutral C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Pavan Kumar Chottanahalli S. , Harsha Kachigere B. , Sandhya Nagarakere C. , Ramesha Ajjalli B. , Mantelingu Kempegowda , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: February 2016

An intramolecular [3+2]‐cycloadditions of in situ generated azomethine ylides is the key step in this synthesis of polycyclic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Triple Organocascade Synthesis of Hexahydropyridazine Derivatives via a Sequential Michael/Amination/Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Chen Yan Ming , Chen Kwunmin
Published: February 2016

Hexahydropyridazine derivatives are synthesized by the entitled one‐pot reaction sequence in high yields and good stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise and Efficient Synthesis of Benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines Through CuI‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylations.
Authors: Pang Xinlong , Chen Chao , Li Ming , Xi Chanjuan
Published: February 2016

Title compounds are synthesized in excellent yields under mild conditions starting from o‐cyanoanilines (I) and iodonium salt (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Nitroso‐Diels—Alder Reaction of 1,3‐Diene‐1‐carbamates Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids.
Authors: Pous Jonathan , Courant Thibaut , Bernadat Guillaume , Iorga Bogdan I. , Blanchard Florent , Masson Geraldine
Published: February 2016

A series of cis‐3,6‐disubstituted dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines (III) is readily prepared by enantioselective nitroso‐Diels—Alder reaction of carbamate‐dienes (I) with nitrosoarenes (II) in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid BTIPA as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Fluorides via C—F Cleavage.
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Wei , Echavarren Javier , Zarate Cayetana , Martin Ruben
Published: February 2016

The scalable borylation of unactivated aryl fluorides using bis(neopentyl glycolato)diboron has a very broad substrate scope, thus tolerating sterically hindered compounds, nitrogen‐containing heterocycles as well as steroids, and multiple functional groups such as esters, amides, silyl ethers, acetals and pinacolates, but no nitriles, thioethers and chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Route to 1‐Alkenylphosphine Derivatives via the Zr‐Catalyzed Reaction of 1‐Alkynylphosphines with Triethylaluminum.
Authors: Ramazanov Ilfir R. , Kadikova Rita N. , Saitova Zukhra R. , Dzhemilev Usein M.
Published: February 2016

The title reaction under conditions A) produces organoaluminum intermediates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Sesquiterpene Quinols and Quinones from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara.
Authors: Li Yu‐Shan , et al.
Published: February 2016

Four sesquiterpene quinols, dysiquinols A‐D [(I)‐(IV)], and four sesquiterpene quinones [(V),(VI)] are isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara and evaluated for their cytotoxic and NF‐ϰB inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Paratrimerins A and B, Two New Dimeric Monoterpene‐Linked Coumarin Glycosides from the Roots and Stems of Paramignya trimera.
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Manh , Huong Tran Thu , Khanh Pham Ngoc , Tai Nguyen Van , Ha Vu Thi , Son Ninh The , Tai Bui Huu , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2016

Paratrimerins A (Ia) and B (Ib) are isolated together with three known coumarin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Mollenynes B—E from the Marine Sponge Spirastrella mollis. Band‐Selective Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence for Discrimination of Bromo—Chloro Regioisomerism in Natural Products.
Authors: Wang Xiao , Duggan Brendan M. , Molinski Tadeusz F.
Published: February 2016

Four novel halogenated ene‐ynes, mollenynes B—E, are isolated in nanomole yields from the marine sponge Spirastrella mollis from the Hogsty Reef, Bahamas.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isocoumarins from the Fermentation Products of Entophytic Fungus Aspergillus versicolor and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities.
Authors: Hu Qiu‐Fen , Li Xue‐Mei , Du Gang , Wang Zhong‐Cheng , Yang Hong‐Mei , Yang Hai‐Ying , Zhou Min , Ye Yan‐Qing , Yang Ye‐Kun
Published: February 2016

Three new isocoumarins are isolated and shown to exhibit anti‐tobacco mosaic virus activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Patra Jyoshna Mayee , Panda Swati S. , Dhal Nabin K.
Published: February 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of Thiazoles, Isothiazoles and Thiadiazoles
Authors: Frija Luis M. T. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Kopylovich Maximilian N.
Published: February 2016

Review: synthesis and applications of 1,3‐thiazole, isothiazole and thiadiazole metal omplexes; 226 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Clathrochelate Complexes ‐ New Building Blocks for Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Wise Matthew D. , Severin Kay
Published: February 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Transformations Leading to the Synthesis of Organic Functional Materials
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Sueki Shunsuke
Published: February 2016

Review: [118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization and Cycloisomerization of Yne‐Tethered Ynamide: The Significance of a Masked Enol‐Equivalent of an Amide
Authors: Nayak Sanatan , Prabagar B. , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: February 2016

Review: [12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrosilylation
Authors: Oestreich Martin
Published: February 2016

Review: [review on radical and ionic transfer hydrogenation; 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions Promoted by Group 11 Metal‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Fructos Manuel R. , Prieto Auxiliadora
Published: February 2016

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule Therapeutics for Ebola Virus (EBOV) Disease Treatment
Authors: Izawa Kunisuke , Acena Jose Luis , Wang Jiang , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Liu Hong
Published: February 2016

Review: [discovery, synthesis, and modes of action of three antiviral compounds currently in development against Ebola virus (EBOV) infection; 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Synthesis of Dronic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Keglevich Gyorgy , Grun Alajos , Garadnay Sandor , Greiner Istvan
Published: February 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Synthesis and Biological Significance of Pyrazoles
Authors: Jyothi M. , Merugu Ramchander
Published: February 2016

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Camphor‐Derivatives in Asymmetric Organocatalysis ‐ Synthesis and Application
Authors: Groselj Uros
Published: February 2016

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Enantioselective Metal‐Catalyzed N‐H and O‐H Insertion Reactions with Diazocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Burtoloso Antonio C. B. , Santiago Joao V. , Bernardim Barbara , Talero Alexander G.
Published: February 2016

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spintronics with Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Droth Matthias , Burkard Guido
Published: February 2016

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Caledonia: A “Hot Spot” for Valuable Chemodiversity. Part 2. Basal Angiosperms and Eudicot Rosids
Authors: Coulerie Paul , Poullain Cyril
Published: February 2016

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Polymer Electrolytes for Battery Applications
Authors: Osada Irene , de Vries Henrik , Scrosati Bruno , Passerini Stefano
Published: February 2016

Review: [74 refs.
Ni and V removal from oil and model compounds without hydrogenation: Natural chabazite as solid acid
Authors: Rocha Aguilera Gonzalo , Yang Shaofeng , Junaid Abu S. M. , Kuznicki Steven M. , McCaffrey William C.
Published: February 2016

Recently, natural chabazite was identified as a catalyst for a novel thermocatalytic oil upgrading process. To further develop this process, it is essential to understand the chemical reactions involved. In this study, up to 67.5 % vanadium removal from oil sands bitumen is obtained without adding hydrogen. Using model compounds, vanadium removals up to 47.9 % and nickel removals up to 3.4 % were obtained after a 1 h reaction at 400 °C. Nickel removal up to 90.0 % at equilibrium and room temperature was observed. Evidence of free‐base porphyrin formation is presented. It was also found that chabazite can catalyze the dealkylation of octaethylporphyrins. The results presented here allow for a better understanding of the chemical properties of chabazite and open the possibility for the creation of pretreatment processes that can remove metals and modify the structure of petroleum‐derived fractions without using hydrogen or rejecting substantial amounts of usable oil.
Tailoring the Subnano Silica Structure via Fluorine Doping for Development of Highly Permeable CO2 Separation Membranes
Authors: Kanezashi Masakoto , Matsutani Takuya , Wakihara Toru , Tawarayama Hiromasa , Nagasawa Hiroki , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Okubo Tatsuya , Tsuru Toshinori
Published: February 2016

The fluorine doping of a silica matrix was proposed in the design of enlarged and uniform networks for highly permeable CO2/CH4 separation membranes. Fluorine doping effectively created a tunable network size, and the order of pore sizes increased with increases in the F concentration: F−SiO2 (F/Si=2/8)>F−SiO2 (F/Si=1/9)>SiO2. F−SiO2 (F/Si=1/9) membranes showed high CO2 permeance (4.1×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1) with high CO2/CH4 selectivity (≈300) at 35 °C, due to the enlarged and uniform networks compared with those of SiO2. Fluorine doping was effective in preventing the formation of a 2nd Si−O in the 4‐membered ring (MR) of the SiO4 tetrahedra. F−SiO2 samples with smaller fractions of 4 MR and a smaller ring in silica, contain large fractions of larger rings (>5 MR), resulting in enlarged network structure and an increase in the average pore size, which translates to a higher permeance for larger molecules.
Modeling the appearance of metal‐like packaging printing
Authors: Rich Danny C. , Marcus Robert , Lovell Veronika , Kreutz Ted
Published: February 2016

A study of the agreement between a visual assessment and the measurement of the reflectivity of printed metallic inks was performed. A psychophysical property for this percept was identified as visual brilliance. The visual judgments of a series of printed panels were compared with measurements from various types of specular reflectance instruments. The results showed that gloss does not linearly follow the appearance of highly reflective specular surfaces. It was observed that the visual assessment of brilliance was highly correlated to the normalized hemispherical diffuse reflectance factor difference. Further, visual brilliance could be mapped to a logarithmic function of the luminous specular reflectance factor and the measurement scale of log(Y) agreed with the scale of hemispherical diffuse reflectance. It was, thus, concluded that either of these measures may be utilized to establish aims and tolerances for production control of the reproduction of foil‐like prints. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 38–49, 2017
Partial‐Homogeneity‐Based Two‐Dimensional High‐Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy under Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields
Authors: Qiu Wenqi , Wei Zhiliang , Ding Nan , Yang Yu , Ye Qimiao , Lin Yulan , Chen Zhong
Published: February 2016

High‐resolution multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy serves as an irreplaceable and versatile tool in various chemical investigations. In this study, a method based on the concept of partial homogeneity is developed to offer two‐dimensional (2D) high‐resolution NMR spectra under inhomogeneous fields. Oscillating gradients are exerted to encode the high‐resolution information, and a field‐inhomogeneity correction algorithm based on pattern recognition is designed to recover high‐resolution spectra. Under fields where inhomogeneity primarily distributes along a single orientation, the proposed method will improve performances of 2D NMR spectroscopy without increasing the experimental duration or significant loss in sensitivity, and thus may open important perspectives for studies of inhomogeneous chemical systems.
Big Data Transforms Discovery–Utilization Therapeutics Continuum
Authors: Waldman SA , Terzic A
Published: February 2016

Enabling omic technologies adopt a holistic view to produce unprecedented insights into the molecular underpinnings of health and disease, in part, by generating massive high‐dimensional biological data. Leveraging these systems‐level insights as an engine driving the healthcare evolution is maximized through integration with medical, demographic, and environmental datasets from individuals to populations. Big data analytics has accordingly emerged to add value to the technical aspects of storage, transfer, and analysis required for merging vast arrays of omic‐, clinical‐, and eco‐datasets. In turn, this new field at the interface of biology, medicine, and information science is systematically transforming modern therapeutics across discovery, development, regulation, and utilization.
Solvent‐Driven Gate Opening in MOF‐76‐Ce: Effect on CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Ethiraj Jayashree , Bonino Francesca , Vitillo Jenny G. , Lomachenko Kirill A. , Lamberti Carlo , Reinsch Helge , Lillerud Karl Petter , Bordiga Silvia
Published: February 2016

A cerium‐based metal–organic framework with MOF‐76 topology has been synthesized by a very simple and fast solvothermal method that has been tested for a one gram yield. Variable‐temperature powder XRD and X‐ray absorption data, analyzed by Rietveld and multiple‐scattering extended X‐ray absorption fine‐structure methods, revealed high thermal stability and the presence of three different stable structures. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and FTIR spectroscopy probed the presence of cerium(III), which was characterized by coordinatively unsaturated sites that, however, played no major role in carbon dioxide adsorption. The material revealed excellent carbon dioxide adsorption properties: the highest gravimetric capacity of 15 wt % was observed at 1.1 bar in the case of the sample activated at 250 °C in vacuum, whereas the strongest interaction energy of 35 kJ mol−1 was observed for the sample activated at 150 °C. Negligible nitrogen uptake of the sample activated at 150 °C indicates that this material is a promising candidate for nitrogen/carbon dioxide separation purposes.
Switchable‐Hydrophilicity Solvents for Product Isolation and Catalyst Recycling in Organocatalysis
Authors: Großeheilmann Julia , Vanderveen Jesse R. , Jessop Philip G. , Kragl Udo
Published: February 2016

Switchable‐hydrophilicity solvents (SHSs) are solvents that can switch reversibly between a water‐miscible state to a state that forms a biphasic mixture with water. In this case study, SHSs have been studied for easy product/catalyst separation as well as catalyst recycling. A series of tertiary amine SHSs have been identified for the extraction of the hydrophilic product from the postreaction mixture. Here, we determined high extraction efficiencies for the product (>84 %) and low extraction rates for the catalyst (<0.1 %). With the catalyst recycling experiments, we isolated the product in high purity (>98 %) without further purification steps. At the same time, the catalyst was reused without any loss of activity (>91 % enantiomeric excess, >99 % yield) four times. Furthermore, we optimized the extraction efficiency by working with a microextractor. In addition, with the use of a falling‐film microreactor, we obtained the product with high enantioselectivity by working at ambient conditions.
Spatial diversity patterns ofPristimantisfrogs in the Tropical Andes
Authors: Meza‐Joya Fabio Leonardo , Torres Mauricio
Published: February 2016

Although biodiversity gradients have been widely documented, the factors governing broad‐scale patterns in species richness are still a source of intense debate and interest in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Here, we tested whether spatial hypotheses (species–area effect, topographic heterogeneity, mid‐domain null model, and latitudinal effect) explain the pattern of diversity observed along the altitudinal gradient of Andean rain frogs of the genusPristimantis. We compiled a gamma‐diversity database of 378 species ofPristimantisfrom the tropical Andes, specifically from Colombia to Bolivia, using records collected above 500 m.a.s.l. Analyses were performed at three spatial levels: Tropical Andes as a whole, split in its two main domains (Northern and Central Andes), and split in its 11 main mountain ranges. Species richness, area, and topographic heterogeneity were calculated for each 500‐m‐width elevational band. Spatial hypotheses were tested using linear regression models. We examined the fit of the observed diversity to the mid‐domain hypothesis using randomizations. The species richness ofPristimantisshowed a hump‐shaped pattern across most of the altitudinal gradients of the Tropical Andes. There was high variability in the relationship between area and species richness along the Tropical Andes. Correcting for area effects had little impact in the shape of the empirical pattern of biodiversity curves. Mid‐domain models produced similar gradients in species richness relative to empirical gradients, but the fit varied among mountain ranges. The effect of topographic heterogeneity on species richness varied among mountain ranges. There was a significant negative relationship between latitude and species richness. Our findings suggest that spatial processes partially explain the richness patterns ofPristimantisfrogs along the Tropical Andes. Explaining the current patterns of biodiversity in this hot spot may require further studies on other possible underlying mechanisms (e.g., historical, biotic, or climatic hypotheses) to elucidate the factors that limit the ranges of species along this elevational gradient.
Mitogenomics reveals high synteny and long evolutionary histories of sympatric cryptic nematode species
Authors: Grosemans Tara , Morris Krystalynne , Thomas William Kelley , Rigaux Annelien , Moens Tom , Derycke Sofie
Published: February 2016

Species with seemingly identical morphology but with distinct genetic differences are abundant in the marine environment and frequently co‐occur in the same habitat. Such cryptic species are typically delineated using a limited number of mitochondrial and/or nuclear marker genes, which do not yield information on gene order and gene content of the genomes under consideration. We used next‐generation sequencing to study the composition of the mitochondrial genomes of four sympatrically distributed cryptic species of the Litoditis marina species complex (PmI, PmII, PmIII, and PmIV). The ecology, biology, and natural occurrence of these four species are well known, but the evolutionary processes behind this cryptic speciation remain largely unknown. The gene order of the mitochondrial genomes of the four species was conserved, but differences in genome length, gene length, and codon usage were observed. The atp8 gene was lacking in all four species. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that PmI and PmIV are sister species and that PmIII diverged earliest. The most recent common ancestor of the four cryptic species was estimated to have diverged 16 MYA. Synonymous mutations outnumbered nonsynonymous changes in all protein‐encoding genes, with the Complex IV genes (coxI‐III) experiencing the strongest purifying selection. Our mitogenomic results show that morphologically similar species can have long evolutionary histories and that PmIII has several differences in genetic makeup compared to the three other species, which may explain why it is better adapted to higher temperatures than the other species.
Sex roles in nest keeping – how information asymmetry contributes to parent‐offspring co‐adaptation
Authors: Lucass Carsten , Fresneau Nolwenn , Eens Marcel , Müller Wendt
Published: February 2016

Parental food provisioning and offspring begging influence each other reciprocally. This makes both traits agents and targets of selection, which may ultimately lead to co‐adaptation. The latter may reflect co‐adapted parent and offspring genotypes or could be due to maternal effects. Maternal effects are in turn likely to facilitate in particular mother‐offspring co‐adaptation, further emphasized by the possibility that mothers are sometimes found to be more responsive to offspring need. However, parents may not only differ in their sensitivity, but often play different roles in postnatal care. This potentially impinges on the access to information about offspring need. We here manipulated the information on offspring need as perceived by parents by playing back begging calls at a constant frequency in the nest‐box of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). We measured the parental response in provisioning to our treatment, paying particular attention to sex differences in parental roles and whether such differences alter the perception of the intensity of our manipulation. This enabled us to investigate whether an information asymmetry about offspring need exists between parents and how such an asymmetry relates to co‐adaptation between parental provisioning and offspring begging. Our results show that parents indeed differed in the frequency how often they perceived the playback due to the fact that females spent more time with their offspring in the nest box. Correcting for the effective exposure of an adult to the playback, the parental response in provisioning covaried more strongly (positive) with offspring begging intensity, independent of the parental sex, indicating coadaptation on the phenotypic level. Females were not more sensitive to experimentally increased offspring need than males, but they were exposed to more broadcasted begging calls. Therefore, sex differences in access to information about offspring need, due to different parental roles, have the potential to impinge on family conflicts and their resolution.
Metabolism of murine TH17 cells: Impact on cell fate and function
Authors: Wang Ran , Solt Laura A.
Published: February 2016

An effective adaptive immune response relies on the ability of lymphocytes to rapidly act upon a variety of insults. In T lymphocytes, this response includes cell growth, clonal expansion, differentiation, and cytokine production, all of which place a significant energy burden on the cell. Recent evidence shows that T‐cell metabolic reprogramming is an essential component of the adaptive immune response and specific metabolic pathways dictate T‐cell fate decisions, including the development of TH17 versus T regulatory (Treg) cells. TH17 cells have garnered significant attention due to their roles in the pathology of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. Attempts to characterize TH17 cells have demonstrated that they are highly dynamic, adjusting their function to environmental cues, which dictate their metabolic program. In this review, we highlight recent data demonstrating the impact of cellular metabolism on the TH17/Treg balance and present factors that mediate TH17‐cell metabolism. Some examples of these include the differential impact of the mTOR signaling complexes on T‐helper‐cell differentiation, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) promotion of glycolysis to favor TH17‐cell development, and ACC1‐dependent de novo fatty acid synthesis favoring TH17‐cell development over Treg cells. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic options and the implications of modulating TH17‐cell metabolism for the treatment of TH17‐mediated diseases.
Cationic BPI‐Gold(III) Complexes: Controlling Ligating and Nonligating Anions
Authors: Roth Torsten , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H.
Published: February 2016

A new synthetic protocol has been devised to access cationic gold(III) bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolato (BPI) complexes. The rigid BPI framework was shown to stabilize this type of coordination compound and allowed different substitution patterns in the ligand periphery. The synthesis of these complexes tolerates both air and moisture and does not require transmetalation steps with toxic thallium or mercury compounds. Notably, control of the counterion was achieved through the use of an ion‐exchange resin and salt metathesis. The selective modification and transformation of the anionic ligand in the fourth coordination site of the square‐planar complexes was studied while leaving the noncoordinated counterion unchanged. Such transformations, which are of importance in the coordination chemistry and catalysis of gold(III) complexes, proved to be very selective, provided that the ligating and nonligating anionic species where sufficiently different in nature. In all cases, strict N,N,N‐coordination of the BPI scaffold was found, thus conserving the C2v symmetry of the square‐planar complexes.
Secondary Structures in Inorganic Helicates of an Octadentate Phenanthroline‐Type Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Begum Ameerunisha , Seewald Oliver , Seshadri Tarimala , Flörke Ulrich , Henkel Gerald
Published: February 2016

To analyze the contribution of supramolecular interactions to helical architectures and to investigate whether ligand folding can be induced by only protons in a similar fashion in the absence of metal ions, a new 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen)‐based extended ligand, C12H6N2[CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)]2 (L1), its copper(I) complexes, [Cu2(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2] [PF6]2 (1), [Cu2(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2][BF4]2 (2), [Cu2(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2][CuCl2]2·CH2Cl2 (3), and [Cu4(C12H6N2{CHNC6H4NH(C10H6N)}2)2][Cu2I4] (4), were prepared and structurally characterized. Ligand L1 wraps copper(I) ions in two intriguingly different fashions depending on the nature of the anions. Although dicopper helicates 1–3 and tetracopper helicate 4 show significant intermolecular interactions that show considerable structural relationships with DNA, helicate 4 more closely resembles the structural features of DNA that even phen‐based stacking interactions are present between the two helical strands. In complex 4, the dinuclear [Cu2I4]2– dianion is involved in intermolecular interactions, which joins two cationic units in a linear fashion, whereas the monoanions in complexes 1–3 (i.e., PF6–, BF4–, and CuCl2–) are only involved in intramolecular interactions or connect the cations laterally. The anion‐dependent topology serves as a reminder that the helical topology of a cation can be altered by changing the nature of the anion.
Influence of A1,3 Strain on the Stereochemical Outcome of Acid‐Mediated Amido Cyclization in the Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐(dihydroxy)piperidines
Authors: Ramakrishna Katakam , Jagadeesh Yerri , Ramakrishna K. V. S , Rao Joshi Laxmikanth , Rao Batchu Venkateswara
Published: February 2016

The synthesis of 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐(dihydroxy)piperidines was accomplished by using ethyl p‐methoxycinnamate as the starting material and an acid‐mediated amido cyclization reaction as the key step. This short and straightforward strategy avoids extra steps to create the chiral center and does not require a leaving group at the benzylic carbon. This study also showed that the stereochemical outcome of the cyclization reaction is influenced more by allylic 1,3‐strain (A1,3 strain) than by the participation of a neighboring group.
Learn best practices for communicating with students
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2016

ANAHEIM, CALIF. — At any given time, students at your institution of higher education are receiving emails, phone calls, texts and social‐media communication from every possible corner of their lives. How do you make sure that your most important messages are getting through to them? In a session at the Pacific Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual conference, Julie Schulte, the assistant registrar for technology at the University of Oregon, held a brainstorming session to develop guidelines for best practices for communicating with students to make sure that your messages don't get lost in all the noise. Use the following challenges and suggestions to help tweak your own campus communication system for maximum efficiency.
Recognize strategies for killing change, use them to your advantage to create change
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2016

HOLLYWOOD, FLA. — If you've ever tried to lead change on campus, you've probably encountered resistance. Faculty members are the experts in their fields, and many think their expertise carries over to other areas, said Loralyn Taylor, Ph.D., director of analytics for student success initiatives at Ohio University. Faculty members function as individuals rather than members of a team. And to the extent they see themselves as part of a team, they identify more with their discipline than with their department and more with their department than with the university.
Highlight your institution's personality to find, retain students to completion
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2016

Can a better understanding of what your campus has to offer prospective students, including those elements that may not be easily found in a typical guidebook, lead to more satisfied students and better retention and completion rates? Promoting that understanding is one of the goals of a new book published by Wheatmark, Follow Your Interests to Find the Right College, by Janet Marthers and Paul Marthers.
Restructure your office to better serve your students, Part I
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2016

ANAHEIM, CALIF. — When Rebecca Mathern of Oregon State University was given the task of restructuring her admissions office, she made it a priority to keep her focus on getting the right people in place to boost the success of students at her university. Before her attempts to restructure, Mathern found that, although nothing was really wrong in her office, her team lacked direction and had stopped feeling excited for what was coming next. “We had to stop feeling overwhelmed and start feeling empowered,” Mathern said.
Development of an activated carbon‐supported zero‐valent iron catalyst (AC‐Fe0) for enhancing degradation of reactive brilliant orange and reducing iron sludge production
Authors: Li Dongyu , Zhu Jishu , Wu Jinhua , Yin Weizhao , Liang Hao , Lin Guanghui
Published: February 2016

Pure zero‐valent iron (ZVI) has poor catalytic capacity due to its agglomeration and slow corrosion rate in neutral solution and hence requires acid condition for heterogeneous Fenton reaction. In this study, we develop an activated carbon (AC)‐supported ZVI catalyst (AC‐Fe0) that was prepared with a one‐step reductive roasting method by employing AC as a reductant and supporting matrix. The constructed AC‐Fe0 was then used for Fenton degradation of an azo dye reactive brilliant orange (X‐GN). Analyses from multiple characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Brunnaer‐Emmett‐Teller) show that ZVI particles with a diameter of about 5 μm were dispersed on the surface and pores of the AC. We show that the AC‐Fe0 could be used as a highly effective catalyst for Fenton degradation of X‐GN. A nearly unity efficiency of X‐GN decoloration was achieved within 80 min reaction time under neutral solution condition that was attributed to the well‐dispersion of ZVI particles on the AC and the formation of numerous galvanic cells between the ZVI and the AC. The decoloration of X‐GN was found to follow the pseudo‐first order kinetics and the apparent rate constant was measured to be 6.5 × 10−2 min−1 at 30°C. We conclude that this newly‐developed AC‐Fe0 technique greatly reduces the generation of massive iron‐containing sludge as the remaining ferric ion in the solution was minimized (<1 mg L−1) after the reaction. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 949–956, 2016
Adsorption and subsequent detoxification of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solution using polypyrrole‐bacterial extracellular polysaccharide nanocomposite
Authors: Rajeswari V. , Janaki V. , Shanthi K. , Kamala‐Kannan S.
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the adsorption and Cr(VI) detoxification potential of polypyrrole‐bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (PPy‐EPS) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer with bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed the nanocomposites to be irregular in shape and mostly present in aggregates. Fourier transform infrared analyses illustrate the characteristic peaks (2934, 1548, 1463, and 1165 cm−1) of both pyrrole and bacterial extracellular polysaccharides. X‐ray diffractogram showed the amorphous nature of the nanocomposite, and the surface area of the PPy‐EPS nanocomposite was measured as 26.21 m2 g−1. The nanocomposite efficiently reduced more than 80% of Cr(VI) within 30 min. The X‐ray diffractogram corresponding to the crystal planes ((012), (110)) of Cr2O3 further confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI). The results of the study confirm PPy‐EPS nanocomposite as suitable option for the treatment of Cr(VI)‐bearing industrial wastewaters. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1293–1297, 2016
Evaluation of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) in Adolescents with Eating Disorders: Factor Structure and Relation to Eating Disordered Psychopathology
Authors: Swenne Ingemar
Published: February 2016

Objective

The aims of this study were to explore the factor structure of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) in a clinical sample of Swedish adolescents with eating disorders (ED) and to study the relationship of CET with ED cognitions, body weight and exercise frequency.

Methods

The compulsive Exercise Test, the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and exercise frequency were available at assessment of 210 adolescents (age 14.4 ± 1.6 years) with ED.

Results

Factor analysis generated four factors with close similarity to factors previously obtained in a community sample of adolescents samples and supported the use of the original version of CET. Exercise for weight control was strongly related to ED cognitions but less to exercise frequency and BMI. Exercise for regulation of mood was related to ED cognitions and exercise frequency but not to BMI.

Discussion

In adolescents with ED, different aspects of exercise are related to ED cognitions. This needs addressing in the treatment of adolescents with ED. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The geological nature and geodynamics of the Okinawa Trough, Western Pacific
Authors: Liu Bo , Li San‐Zhong , Suo Yan‐Hui , Li Guang‐Xue , Dai Li‐Ming , Somerville I. D. , Guo Ling‐Li , Zhao Shu‐Juan , Yu Shan
Published: February 2016

There is a continuing hot debate on whether the geodynamics in the West Pacific indicate either a marginal basin or back‐arc basin, since the nature, evolution and formation mechanism are not well known. Research on the Okinawa Trough (OT), which is an active back‐arc basin, has important scientific significance for discussing the opening and development of a marginal basin or back‐arc basin. This paper synthesizes data on the crustal thickness, heat flow, hydrothermal activity and fault patterns to determine the geological nature of the OT. By comparing the thicknesses of initial oceanic crusts of global passive continental margins and marginal basins in the West Pacific, the central and southern OT are interpreted to be at the early stage of seafloor spreading, generating new oceanic crust at the spreading centre, while the northern OT is at the mature stage of continental rifting, having the character of transitional crust. The NE‐ and NNE‐trending faults are dominant in the OT. The NE‐trending strike‐slip faults control the stratigraphic succession and structural framework of the OT. The NNE‐trending strike‐slip faults triggered the back‐arc rifting or extension and evolved into transform faults with the emergence of oceanic crust. The Cenozoic tectonic jumping in the East Asia Continental Margin, including the OT, indicates that the eastward movement of the mantle flow under the Eurasian Plate should be the main dynamic source. Because the Philippine Sea Plate is obliquely and passively subducted, the evolution of the OT can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the initial rifting, triggered by the back‐arc normal faulting. The second stage is the passive spreading, triggered by the strike‐slip pull‐apart process or transtensional faulting of NNE‐trending faults. The third stage is the initial divergence of the relic and Ryukyu island arcs, triggered by new‐born oceanic crustal spreading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of A‐type granite in the southeastern Kunlun Orogen, Qinghai Province, China: implications for the tectonic framework of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen
Authors: Peng Bo , Li Bile , Zhao Tuofei , Wang Chao , Chang Jingjuan , Wang Guozhi , Yang Wenlong
Published: February 2016

The Dalijigetang syenogranite in the eastern section of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen (EKO), China, is rich in SiO2 and alkali elements, has high FeOT/MgO ratios and is strongly depleted in CaO and MgO. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns show light REEs enrichment, heavy REEs depletion and negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.43–0.53). The 104Ga/Al values range from 2.69 to 10.31. The combined total concentrations of Zr, Nb, Ce and Y (mean = 420.04 ppm) indicate that the Dalijigetang syenogranite is an A‐type granite. The zircon εHf(t) values relatively are all moderately negative (−6.1 to −10.7), and the model ages (tDM2) range from 1666 to 1960 Ma (mean = 1801 Ma), which is much older than zircon U–Pb ages (259 Ma). Based on integrated isotopic and geochemical data, we infer that the syenogranite formed by the partial melting of lower crustal material under low‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. Based on the above data, combined with the regional geological background, we conclude that the Dalijigetang A‐type syenogranite formed during an end‐early Permian period of extension between two episodic subduction events within the EKO. This suggests that the onset of northward subduction of the Palaeo‐Tethyan Ocean plate might have commenced as early as the early Permian. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between cytoplasmic CRABP2, altered retinoic acid signaling, and poor prognosis in glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Rong‐Zong , Li Shuai , Garcia Elizabeth , Glubrecht Darryl D. , Yin Poon Ho , Easaw Jacob C. , Godbout Roseline
Published: February 2016

Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is required for the regulation of growth and development. Aberrant expression of molecules involved in RA signaling has been reported in various cancer types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Cellular retinoic acid‐binding protein 2 (CRABP2) has previously been shown to play a key role in the transport of RA to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to activate their transcription regulatory activity. Here, we demonstrate that CRABP2 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of GBM tumors. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, CRABP2 levels in GBM tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Treatment of malignant glioma cell lines with RA results in a dose‐dependent increase in accumulation of CRABP2 in the cytoplasm. CRABP2 knockdown reduces proliferation rates of malignant glioma cells, and enhances RA‐induced RAR activation. Levels of CRYAB, a small heat shock protein with anti‐apoptotic activity, and GFAP, an astrocyte‐specific intermediate filament protein, are greatly reduced in CRABP2‐depleted cells. Restoration of CRYAB expression partially but significantly reversed the effect of CRABP2 depletion on RAR activation. Our combined in vivo and in vitro data indicate that: (i) CRABP2 is an important determinant of clinical outcome in GBM patients, and (ii) the mechanism of action of CRABP2 in GBM involves sequestration of RA in the cytoplasm and activation of an anti‐apoptotic pathway, thereby enhancing proliferation and preventing RA‐mediated cell death and differentiation. We propose that reducing CRABP2 levels may enhance the therapeutic index of RA in GBM patients. GLIA 2016;64:963–976
When and Why Is Research without Consent Permissible?
Authors: Gelinas Luke , Wertheimer Alan , Miller Franklin G.
Published: February 2016

The view that research with competent adults requires valid consent to be ethical perhaps finds its clearest expression in the Nuremberg Code, whose famous first principle asserts that “the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.” In a similar vein, the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that “no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.” Yet although some formulations of the consent principle allow no exceptions, others hold that informed consent is not always strictly necessary for ethical research. The U.S. federal regulations known as the “Common Rule,” which govern research with human subjects, lists several conditions for waiving consent. However, neither guidance documents on the ethics of clinical research nor the literature in bioethics contains a general justification of research without consent. The purpose of this paper is to advance a justificatory framework that will explain why research without consent is permissible in paradigmatic cases and that can be useful in analyzing cases about which there is (or is likely to be) disagreement. We argue that research without consent can be justified on two grounds: if it stands to infringe no right of the participants and obtaining consent is impracticable, or if the gravity of the rights infringement is minor and outweighed by the expected social value of the research and obtaining consent is impracticable.