bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CXCR4 and CXCL12 signaling regulates the development of extrinsic innervation to the colorectum
Authors: Halasy Viktória , Szőcs Emőke , Soós Ádám , Kovács Tamás , Pecsenye-Fejszák Nóra , Hotta Ryo , Goldstein Allan M. , Nagy Nándor
Published: April 2023

The gastrointestinal tract is innervated by an intrinsic neuronal network, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), and by extrinsic axons arising from peripheral ganglia. The nerve of Remak (NoR) is an avian-specific sacral neural crest-derived ganglionated structure that extends from the cloaca to the proximal midgut and, similar to the pelvic plexus, provides extrinsic innervation to the distal intestine. The molecular mechanisms controlling extrinsic nerve fiber growth into the gut is unknown. In vertebrates, CXCR4, a cell-surface receptor for the CXCL12 chemokine, regulates migration of neural crest cells and axon pathfinding. We have employed chimeric tissue recombinations and organ culture assays to study the role of CXCR4 and CXCL12 molecules in the development of colorectal innervation. CXCR4 is specifically expressed in nerve fibers arising from the NoR and pelvic plexus, while CXCL12 is localized to the hindgut mesenchyme and enteric ganglia. Overexpression of CXCL12 results in significantly enhanced axonal projections to the gut from the NoR, while CXCR4 inhibition disrupts nerve fiber extension, supporting a previously unreported role for CXCR4 and CXCL12 signaling in extrinsic innervation of the colorectum.
Genetically encoded imaging tools for investigating cell dynamics at a glance
Authors: Sittewelle Méghane , Ferrandiz Nuria , Fesenko Mary , Royle Stephen J.
Published: April 2023

The biology of a cell is the sum of many highly dynamic processes, each orchestrated by a plethora of proteins and other molecules. Microscopy is an invaluable approach to spatially and temporally dissect the molecular details of these processes. Hundreds of genetically encoded imaging tools have been developed that allow cell scientists to determine the function of a protein of interest in the context of these dynamic processes. Broadly, these tools fall into three strategies: observation, inhibition and activation. Using examples for each strategy, in this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we provide a guide to using these tools to dissect protein function in a given cellular process. Our focus here is on tools that allow rapid modification of proteins of interest and how observing the resulting changes in cell states is key to unlocking dynamic cell processes. The aim is to inspire the reader's next set of imaging experiments.
Nectar feeding beyond the tongue: hummingbirds drink using phase-shifted bill opening, flexible tongue flaps and wringing at the tips
Authors: Rico-Guevara Alejandro , Hurme Kristiina J. , Rubega Margaret A. , Cuban David
Published: April 2023

Hummingbirds are the most speciose group of vertebrate nectarivores and exhibit striking bill variation in association with their floral food sources. To explicitly link comparative feeding biomechanics to hummingbird ecology, deciphering how they move nectar from the tongue to the throat is as important as understanding how this liquid is collected. We employed synced, orthogonally positioned, high-speed cameras to describe the bill movements, and backlight filming to track tongue and nectar displacements intraorally. We reveal that the tongue base plays a central role in fluid handling, and that the bill is neither just a passive vehicle taking the tongue inside the flower nor a static tube for the nectar to flow into the throat. Instead, we show that the bill is actually a dynamic device with an unexpected pattern of opening and closing of its tip and base. We describe three complementary mechanisms: (1) distal wringing: the tongue is wrung out as soon as it is retracted and upon protrusion, near the bill tip where the intraoral capacity is decreased when the bill tips are closed; (2) tongue raking: the nectar filling the intraoral cavity is moved mouthwards by the tongue base, leveraging flexible flaps, upon retraction; (3) basal expansion: as more nectar is released into the oral cavity, the bill base is open (phase-shifted from the tip opening), increasing the intraoral capacity to facilitate nectar flow towards the throat.
Embodied latch mechanism of the mandible to power at ultra-high speed in the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus kuroiwae
Authors: Aonuma Hitoshi , Naniwa Keisuke , Sugimoto Yasuhiro , Ohkawara Kyohsuke , Kagaya Katsushi
Published: April 2023

Rapid movements of limbs and appendages, faster than those produced by simple muscle contraction alone, are generated through mechanical networks consisting of springs and latches. The latch plays a central role in these spring-loaded mechanisms, but the structural details of the latch are not always known. The mandibles of the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus kuroiwae closes the mandible extremely quickly to capture prey or to perform mandible-powered defensive jumps to avoid potential threats. The jump is mediated by a mechanical spring and latch system embodied in the mandible. An ant can strike the tip of the mandible onto the surface of an obstacle (prey, predator or ground) in order to bounce its body away from potential threats. The angular velocity of the closing mandible was 2.3×104 rad s−1 (1.3×106 deg s−1). Latching of the joint is a key mechanism to aid the storage of energy required to power the ballistic movements of the mandibles. We have identified the fine structure of two latch systems on the mandible forming a ‘ball joint’ using an X-ray micro-computational tomography system (X-ray micro-CT) and X-ray live imaging with a synchrotron. Here, we describe the surface of the inner section of the socket and a projection on the lip of the ball. The X-ray live imaging and movements of the 3D model show that the ball with a detent ridge slipped into a socket and over the socket ridge before snapping back at the groove edge. Our results give insight into the complex spring-latch systems that underpin ultra-fast movements in biological systems.
Dynamically regulated transcription factors are encoded by highly unstable mRNAs in theDrosophilalarval brain
Authors: Thompson Mary Kay , Ceccarelli Arianna , Ish-Horowicz David , Davis Ilan
Published: April 2023

The level of each RNA species depends on the balance between its rates of production and decay. Although previous studies have measured RNA decay across the genome in tissue culture and single-celled organisms, few experiments have been performed in intact complex tissues and organs. It is therefore unclear whether the determinants of RNA decay found in cultured cells are preserved in an intact tissue, and whether they differ between neighboring cell types and are regulated during development. To address these questions, we measured RNA synthesis and decay rates genome wide via metabolic labeling of whole culturedDrosophilalarval brains using 4-thiouridine. Our analysis revealed that decay rates span a range of more than 100-fold, and that RNA stability is linked to gene function, with mRNAs encoding transcription factors being much less stable than mRNAs involved in core metabolic functions. Surprisingly, among transcription factor mRNAs there was a clear demarcation between more widely used transcription factors and those that are expressed only transiently during development. mRNAs encoding transient transcription factors are among the least stable in the brain. These mRNAs are characterized by epigenetic silencing in most cell types, as shown by their enrichment with the histone modification H3K27me3. Our data suggest the presence of an mRNA destabilizing mechanism targeted to these transiently expressed transcription factors to allow their levels to be regulated rapidly with high precision. Our study also demonstrates a general method for measuring mRNA transcription and decay rates in intact organs or tissues, offering insights into the role of mRNA stability in the regulation of complex developmental programs.
Initiation of translation on nedicistrovirus and related intergenic region IRESs by their factor-independent binding to the P site of 80S ribosomes
Authors: Miścicka Anna , Lu Kristen , Abaeva Irina S. , Pestova Tatyana V. , Hellen Christopher U.T.
Published: April 2023

Initiation of translation on many viral mRNAs occurs by noncanonical mechanisms that involve 5′ end-independent binding of ribosomes to an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The ∼190-nt-long intergenic region (IGR) IRES of dicistroviruses such as cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) initiates translation without Met-tRNAiMetor initiation factors. Advances in metagenomics have revealed numerous dicistrovirus-like genomes with shorter, structurally distinct IGRs, such as nedicistrovirus (NediV) and Antarctic picorna-like virus 1 (APLV1). Like canonical IGR IRESs, the ∼165-nt-long NediV-like IGRs comprise three domains, but they lack key canonical motifs, including L1.1a/L1.1b loops (which bind to the L1 stalk of the ribosomal 60S subunit) and the apex of stem–loop V (SLV) (which binds to the head of the 40S subunit). Domain 2 consists of a compact, highly conserved pseudoknot (PKIII) that contains a UACUA loop motif and a protruding CrPV-like stem­–loop SLIV. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that NediV-like IRESs initiate translation from a non-AUG codon and form elongation-competent 80S ribosomal complexes in the absence of initiation factors and Met-tRNAiMet. Unlike canonical IGR IRESs, NediV-like IRESs bind directly to the peptidyl (P) site of ribosomes leaving the aminoacyl (A) site accessible for decoding. The related structures of NediV-like IRESs and their common mechanism of action indicate that they exemplify a distinct class of IGR IRES.
Ausgrabungen am Basler Murus Gallicus 1990-1993 / Teil 1 (Text)
Authors: Deschler-Erb Eckhard , Richner Kaspar
Published: April 2023

Der Begriff "Murus Gallicus" wurde von Julius Caesar geprägt. Caesars Beschreibungen keltischer Wallanlagen in seinem Bericht über den Gallischen Krieg (58-52 v.Chr.) trifft auf die Befestigung des spätkeltischen Basel jedoch nur teilweise zu, weshalb man auch von einem "Murus Gallicus Variante Basel-Münsterhügel" spricht.Mit dem Materialheft 12 legen die beiden Autoren eine erste umfassende Analyse der Ausgrabungen von 1991 bis 1993 vor. Aus Anlass der 700-Jahr-Feier der Eidgenossenschaft fanden damals im Hof des ehemaligen Rittergasse-Schulhauses Forschungsgrabungen statt. Dabei wurde die Ruine des Murus an drei Orten freigelegt. In drei sogenannten Erdfenstern wurden 1993 die Reste der keltischen Befestigungsanlage konserviert und wo nötig im Massstab 1:1 rekonstruiert. Heute bildet die archäologische Informationsstelle "Murus Gallicus" den Ausgangspunkt für zahlreiche Führungen von Basel Tourismus und der Archäologischen Bodenforschung.Im Grabungsbefund widerspiegelt sich ein mehr als 2100 Jahre langer Ausschnitt der Geschichte Basels, angefangen beim natürlich abgelagerten Untergrund des Münsterhügels bis ans Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Er konnte in vier grosse Epochen (spätkeltisch, römisch, mittelalterlich, neuzeitlich) gegliedert werden und diese werden in der Publikation zuerst im Befund und danach mit dem zugehörigen Fundmaterial vorgestellt. Einzig das Fundmaterial der spätkeltischen Epoche ist dabei bereits in einer früheren Publikation (Rodel 2000) präsentiert worden.
Band A: Text
Band B: Katalog
Kirchenburg von Riehen
Authors: Thommen Peter
Published: April 2023

Untersuchungen zwischen den Jahren 1942 und 1983 ermöglichten die Rekonstruktion der Kirchenburg Riehen in den verschiedenen Epochen. Nur teilweise kann eine vorromanische Anlage mit Umfassungsgraben bewiesen werden. Zu ihr gehören auch eine Anzahl Bestattungen. Die romanische Kirchenburg aus dem 11. und 12. Jahrhundert ist gut dokumentiert. Sie umfasste nebst einer Kirche eine Umfassungsmauer mit daran angebauten Speichern und Schöpfen sowie dem Meierhof und einem Graben. Ein Plattengrab im Kircheninnern stammt möglicherweise aus dem 11. Jahrhundert. Im Spätmittelalter wurde die Kirche vergrössert. Eine weitere Erweiterung der Kirche erfolgte in nachmittelalterlicher Zeit. Damals wurde auch der Friedhof angelegt, der Graben aufgeschüttet und der Meierhof abgetrennt. Im 17. Jahrhundert erfuhr die Kirchenburg nochmals tiefgreifende Veränderungen. Ein historischer Abriss sowie anthropologische Untersuchungen ergänzen die archäologischen Befunde.
Archäozoologische Auswertung des mittelalterlichen Tierknochenmaterials (10.-13. Jh.) von der Schneidergasse 8, 10 und 12 in Basel (CH)
Authors: Reich Jacqueline
Published: April 2023

Die osteologische Auswertung umfasste rund 6000 Knochenfragmente. Eine auffällige Grünverfärbung der Knochen lässt auf ein metallverarbeitendes Gewerbe in der Umgebung schliessen. Unter den Haustierarten steht das Rind an erster Stelle; es folgen Schaf, Ziege und Schwein. Für die Fragmentierung der Knochen gilt die selbe Reihenfolge. Im 10. Jahrhundert überwogen die Ziegen, im 13. Jahrhundert die Schafe, was auf die Herausbildung des (Woll-)Tuchmachergewerbes im 12. Jahrhundert zurückgeführt werden kann. Grundsätzlich steigerte sich der Verzehr von qualitativ hochwertigerem Fleisch von Jungtieren. Pferde und Hundeknochen konnten, da sie nicht in den Speise- und Küchenabfall gerieten, auffallend selten nachgewiesen werden. Belegt werden im Zusammenhang mit der archäozoologischen Auswertung Gewerbe wie Beinschnitzerei, Hornverarbeitung und Gerberei.
Comparative Analysis of the Main Directions of Formation and Development of Higher Education in China and Russia
Authors: U Uzyahen
Published: April 2023

In the conditions of international integration of national economies, the construction of education systems is also characterized by a focus on the establishment of uniform international standards. At the same time, each country has its own national characteristics, which are reflected in the construction of the education system, the implementation of training specialists in various fields of activity. Currently, there is an expansion of areas of cooperation between Russia and China. Cooperation takes on new forms and new aspects of interaction. The education system of Russia in the context of changing socio-economic development and the situation in the international arena, changes in interaction with various countries, requires reform of higher education, since it underlies the training of specialists capable of representing the interests of the country in the international arena. The development of international mobility programs for modern higher education in Russia and China makes the problem of studying the specifics of educational conditions in different countries and cultures extremely relevant. The countries have common borders and long-standing ties. They are characterized by interaction in all areas and directions: cultural, socio-economic, political. China is currently actively developing in the field of technology. This makes it possible to use the experience of training specialists, the methodology of organizing training in higher educational institutions and the development of curricula for higher professional education. The educational process should not only contribute to the training of specialists capable of developing international cooperation between Russia and China, but also form an objective idea of the ideological, intellectual, historical and cultural potential of the peoples of these states.
Implementation of the concept of embodied cognition in problem solving
Authors: Xin Li
Published: April 2023

The analysis of empirical studies of the relationship between mental and motor activity related to various paradigms of their implementation is carried out: motor activity as a preliminary training of mental activity; simultaneous motor and mental activity, etc. All studies were the experimental basis of the concept of "embodied cognition". As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that the concept of embodied cognition has three mechanisms that determine all its capabilities: the bodily constitution, the sensorimotor experience of a person and the context-specific level of spatial organization of the problem-solving process. Embodied cognition as an advanced trend in the theoretical description of how the human psyche works, embodies the idea of the inseparability of thought processes from low-level ones. The latter can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of solving various tasks.
The method of intuitive drawing in the practice of individual counseling of employees of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Sbitneva Olga
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the possibility of using the method of intuitive drawing (one of the methods of art therapy) in individual counseling. The detection and positive transformation of unconscious chronic negative emotional states is solved with the help of spontaneous images expressing a problematic emotional state with subsequent analysis of these images. The method of intuitive drawing is a method of dialogue between the personality and the unconscious. The purpose of this article is to consider the method of intuitive drawing as a diagnostic tool during an individual consultation conversation. A person works on himself in cooperation with a psychologist who helps to understand the negative emotional state and the causes of its occurrence. To determine the features of the functioning of the internal structures of the personality, the perception of important elements of the problem, it is proposed to draw a "landscape" using the method of intuitive drawing. The article reflects examples of consulting practice with employees of internal affairs bodies, shows the possibility of using this method as a diagnostic tool
The content, correlation and scientific application of the terms "sanogenic thinking", "sanation thinking" and "health-saving thinking" in psychology
Authors: Tokareva Maria
Published: April 2023

In connection with the current problem in the unambiguous interpretation of the concept of "sanogenic thinking", the article determines the significant significance of its delimitation from terms that are close in meaning. In particular, from the terms "sanation thinking" and "health-saving thinking". The article analyzes the main areas of application of these terms, defines their scope, and proposes a theoretical justification for the need to separate these concepts. Particular attention is paid to the article about serious problems of terminological confusion and undifferentiated use of transferred terms. The article deals with theoretical ideas about the origin and methods of development of sanogenic thinking, which is understood as thinking that helps to reduce existing tension, reduce internal conflict, and also prevents the possibility of the emergence of psychosomatic diseases. The author of the article also consistently considers the concept of sanogenic thinking by Yu.M. Orlov as a resource and mechanism for the regulation of human psychological health. Particular attention is paid to the main components of sanogenic thinking, the structural model of its formation and the social conditions for its implementation. With the help of the scientific principles disclosed in the article, the need for a large-scale consideration of not only the components of sanogenic thinking and individual features of its functioning, but also the subsequent rational selection and application of suitable psychodiagnostic and corrective methods for further work in this direction is determined..
The influence of self-assessment and professional activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies on each other
Authors: Kutyepova Marina
Published: April 2023

The study of the features of self-assessment of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is of scientific interest, since for the effective performance of official duties, an employee must have a certain level of physical development, moral qualities, the ability to adapt, the ability to improve and self-development in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, as well as the ability to adequately assess their potential. The article analyzes and discusses the results of a study of the self-assessment of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the correlation of the types of self-assessment of employees with their professional activities. The study was conducted on the basis of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of the Smolensk region. The respondents were 80 employees from among the middle and senior commanding staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The article shows that the success of professional activity is conditioned by high adequate self-esteem and normal self-esteem. To improve the efficiency of the service, the basis of the actions of psychologists and heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia aimed at achieving compliance of employees with the tasks of activity should be based on the results of psychological diagnostics of self–assessment of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the ATS).
Analysis of psychological problems arising during the period of combat service among the crews of US SSN and SSBN
Authors: Kovalevskii Igor
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the influence of such factors as the rate of operational stress and the environment on the appearance of pathological (clinical) anxiety and depression in the personnel of foreign submarines.

It is known that the habitat on underwater objects of any purpose contributes to stress and other psychological problems. Habitat conditions can be described in terms of physical habitability terms that contribute to stress. These include: crowding, noise, insufficient or excessive lighting, extreme temperatures, humidity, poor air quality. These parameters cannot be controlled. In addition, another condition for life will be the coefficient of operational voltage. This indicator determines how often you can dive underwater without harm to health. With an increase in the frequency and duration of trips, stress and other psychological problems increase in a person. People can't solve complex problems. They need to return to a normal psychological and physiological state.

The paper analyzes the possible psychological consequences for the crews of US SSN and SSBN. The psychological problems that arise during the period of military service among the crews of SSN and SSBN of the United States are considered. What may be of interest to specialists in the field of ergonomics involved in the design and creation of domestic submarines of various classes. As well as representatives of the Navy responsible for training crews for existing and under construction submarines. In connection with the above, the article is relevant.
Hybrid training model as a component of the integrative approach for the formation of universal competencies of cadets of a military university in learning a foreign language
Authors: Erofeeva Mariya , Frideriks Aleksandr
Published: April 2023

the article raised the question of the emergence of diverse views on the concepts of "hybrid," "hybridization," "hybrid learning" and the processes they call in higher education, as well as the directions of application of these one-root words that arose in connection with this multitude, the need to figure out what is and whether such names are legitimate for transformational processes in modern pedagogy. In addition, emphasis was placed on the merits and disadvantages of each process and what contradictions arise in connection with the use of hybrid forms in higher educational institutions.

The study presents the author's hybrid model of interaction, with the help of which universal competencies are formed among cadets of the Branch of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces (FVA Strategic Missile Forces) named after Peter the Great when studying a foreign language. A description is given of each component of the hybrid model of interaction, as well as the peculiarities of its application depending on specific situations, external factors, training of cadets at the initial stage of training, assessment of their capabilities and time frames of training. The hybrid model is considered in the view of the integrative approach in the educational process of a military university, the definition of the integrative approach is given and the relation of the hybrid model to this approach is specified.

The subject of research is the concept of hybridization in the field of higher education.

The purpose of this study is to create an idea of new terms and describe various views, meanings, scientific approaches, the evolution of the concepts of "hybrid," "hybridization," "hybrid learning," "hybrid model" which are associated with education, ways of transferring new knowledge and their connection with the main tool - language as a means of communication and knowledge exchange. Theoretical research is carried out in the field of higher education, the purpose of the research is also to reflect its point of view regarding the above names, which have recently been of particular relevance in the educational environment, especially if the educational process takes place in a military institution for the training of future officers, in particular, the study of the foreign (English) language of specialized areas in a non-linguistic university of the Peter the Great Strategic Missile Forces will be considered.

Finally, a summary table of all the described concepts of hybridization is presented and a conclusion is made about the nature of the emergence of hybridization in education and its relevance to date.
Effect of Ice Massage and Passive Stretching on the DOMS of the Gastrocnemius Muscle
Authors: Hadad Akbar Muhammad Thoriq , Doewes Muchsin , Syaifullah Rony
Published: April 2023

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a disorder in the form of muscle soreness that occurs as a result of unusual exercise caused by an inflammatory response. DOMS is often experienced by all individuals who do too much physical activity after a long period of inactivity. DOMS can be experienced by anyone who does non-routine sports activities. This study aims to find out about the effect of ice massage and passive stretching on the DOMS of the gatrocnemius muscle. The sample used in this study was 100, which consisted of UTP Surakarta students obtained by purposive random sampling technique. Statistical analysis was carried out on the initial results of DOMS after training and the final results of DOMS after being given ice massage and passive stretching treatment to male and female students. The results of statistical analysis were carried out using the SPSS version 25 program. There is a significant difference in the effect of ice massage and passive stretching on decreasing DOMS in the Gastrocnemius muscles. This is evidenced by the Significance value of 0.036 < 0.05 (p < 0.05). So it can be concluded that giving ice massage has a decrease in DOMS which is different from giving passive stretching which can be accepted.
Bonferroni-Free and Indifference-Zone-Flexible Sequential Elimination Procedures for Ranking and Selection
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Wan Hong , Chen Xi
Published: April 2023

The curse of dimensionality has long been one of the biggest challenges in solving large-scale simulation ranking and selection (R&S) problems. As the number of systems grows, existing approaches to R&S relying on the Bonferroni correction become increasingly conservative, rendering them overachieving in error control and consuming more computational resources than necessary. In “Bonferroni-Free and Indifference-Zone-Flexible Sequential Elimination Procedures for Ranking and Selection,” Wang, Wan, and Chen develop Bonferroni-free and indifference-zone-optional ranking and selection procedures to deliver the prescribed probabilistic guarantee without overshooting. Their approach is to conduct always valid and fully sequential hypothesis tests that enable continuous monitoring of each candidate system and control the probability of correct selection. In addition, the indifference-zone parameter becomes dispensable in their procedures; however, when provided appropriately, it could improve the procedures’ computational and statistical efficiency.
Spinal dural arterio-venous fistula: a vital differential diagnosis to consider for myelopathy
Authors: Choi Chuen Wai , Suen Chun Hong , Chu Ping Yung
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Spinal dural arterio-venous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare and underdiagnosed cause of myelopathy which can result in a devastating neurological outcome if not properly managed. Case description: We report a case of SDAVF in a middle-aged man with gradual progressively deteriorating myelopathy and associated symptoms. This was first managed as demyelinating disease but was refractory to steroid therapy. Vigilant review of his spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed dilated perimedullary veins, suspicious for SDAVF. The diagnosis was confirmed with catheter angiography. Neurological symptoms resolved after surgical treatment. Discussion: SDAVF can closely mimic demyelinating conditions such as transverse myelitis or multiple sclerosis. MRI finding of dilated perimedullary veins can be subtle and masked in the late stage, posing a diagnostic challenge for physicians. It is potentially curable after timely treatment. Conclusion: Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for SDAVF and actively review all available radiological imaging for clues, particularly when there is a lack of response to treatment for other causes of myelopathy.
COMO ENSINAM OS PROFESSORES DE SURDOS DA EJA? DISCUSSÕES NA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Bianca Sonale Fonseca da , Rocha Simone Maria da
Published: April 2023

Esta pesquisa do tipo estado do conhecimento (ANDRÉ 2009) tem como objetivo discutir acerca das produções científicas a nível de Pós-graduação que versam sobre as práticas de ensino de professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos-EJA, voltadas para educandos surdos. A pesquisa foi realizada no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações. Optamos por esses bancos de dados por entendermos que o professor que atua com aluno surdo nessa modalidade de ensino não tem em sua formação inicial uma base sólida para tal e por isso nos interessa refletir sobre a formação continuada, a nível de Pós-graduação. Para tanto, foram utilizados os descritores Práticas de ensino AND surdos AND EJA. Dos achados, encontramos vinte trabalhos, destes trabalhamos somente com onze, pois alguns não iam de encontro aos interesses da pesquisa e outros não estavam disponíveis para leitura. Destes, dividimos em categorias temáticas e analisamos quanto a relevância destas para a temática. São elas, Áreas de pesquisa: apontamentos e lacunas; Regiões diferentes, discussões semelhantes; Vozes discentes na inclusão. Com os achados podemos empreender que as discussões nesta área são muito recentes, uma vez que fizemos um filtro a partir do ano de 2007 e só encontramos trabalhos que datavam de 2013 para cá. Alguns resultados apontam para uma inversão de papeis dos profissionais que atuam com estes alunos e problemas nas práticas de ensino que sejam efetivas para uma inclusão e real aprendizagem do educando surdo.
QUAL CURRÍCULO PARA QUAL EJA? ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE AS POLÍTICAS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS EM 20 ANOS DE DCN-EJA (2000-2020)
Authors: Nicodemos Alessandra , Serra Enio
Published: April 2023

Há 20 anos, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (DCN-EJA) normatizam o funcionamento da EJA enquanto modalidade de ensino nos seus mais diferentes aspectos, dentre os quais o currículo escolar. Ao longo desse período, políticas curriculares nacionais foram elaboradas a partir das diferentes orientações políticas que se revezaram no poder. Quais concepções de EJA marcaram essas políticas? Que compreensões traziam a respeito do currículo escolar? Guiado por essas indagações, o presente artigo tece considerações acerca de legislações e propostas curriculares da EJA, tendo como foco as mudanças e permanências que caracterizaram o período em questão. Tomando como base teórico-metodológica o conceito de Estado ampliado cunhado por Gramsci, percebe-se, ao final da análise, o quanto o processo de formulação dessas políticas deve ser compreendido como expressão dos sentidos de EJA em disputa na sociedade.
MATERIAIS DIDÁTICOS ACESSÍVEIS PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL: FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA DOCENTES
Authors: Rocha Janicy Aparecida Pereira , Prudencio Dayanne Da Silva , Martins Ana Amélia Lage , Tolentino Vinicius De Souza
Published: April 2023

O artigo relata a criação e oferta do curso de extensão intitulado “Elaboração de materiais didáticos acessíveis para pessoas com deficiência visual”, destinado, prioritariamente, a docentes do ensino superior. Dados do Censo da Educação Superior do INEP do ano de 2018 mostram significativo aumento no número de matrículas de estudantes com deficiências, evidenciando o imperativo da formação docente para a prática inclusiva. Objetivou-se capacitar docentes a preparar materiais didáticos acessíveis como forma de redução de barreiras, contribuindo para a permanência de discentes com deficiência visual no ambiente educacional, especialmente no que tange ao ensino superior. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva quanto ao seu objetivo e do ponto de vista da análise dos dados e demonstração dos resultados, adota uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Quanto aos meios de investigação, trata-se de um estudo de caso. Oferecido na modalidade à distância, de forma síncrona e assíncrona, a metodologia empregada para a realização do curso estruturou-se em torno de três eixos: a) elaboração, sistematização e organização do conteúdo programático, b) produção de videoaulas em formatos de tutorial, c) gestão do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Quanto ao objetivo de qualificar os cursistas para elaborar materiais didáticos acessíveis no formato digital, ressalta-se que, embora as atividades avaliativas tenham sido executadas com êxito pelos concluintes, a prática deve ser constante, pois dela depende o aperfeiçoamento de habilidades práticas e atitudinais introduzidas pelo curso. A temática é ampla e as particularidades de cada tipo de deficiência demandam um exercício de empatia e comprometimento frequente. O curso permitiu ainda, divulgar a educação inclusiva, temática ainda desconhecida por muitos docentes do ensino superior, devido a lacunas em seus processos formativos. Sugere-se que ações de formação continuada para docentes envolvendo acessibilidade e direitos da pessoa com deficiência sejam ampliadas e, quiçá, tornem-se políticas públicas no âmbito do ensino infantil, médio e superior.
EDITORIAL
Authors: E-mosaicos Revista
Published: April 2023

Editorial
O conto moderno e seus suportes no Brasil: Machado de Assis, os jornais e os livros
Authors: Assumpção Juliana Gama de Brito
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é levantar reflexões acerca das contribuições de Machado de Assis para o desenvolvimento do conto moderno na literatura brasileira, com foco na relação existente entre os materiais literários e seus suportes impressos: o jornal e o livro. Para tanto, opera-se uma articulação entre a ideia de conto, teorizada por Poe; o desenvolvimento do gênero nos jornais oitocentistas; e a modernização da imprensa periódica no mesmo período histórico. Na sequência, discute-se a atuação de Machado de Assis como contista no Brasil do século dezenove, entre os jornais e os livros de contos, considerando os impactos da modernização da imprensa na literatura. Com isso, abrem-se caminhos fecundos a novas discussões acerca da relação imbricada entre textos e suportes literários, especialmente na literatura brasileira oitocentista.
Humeral shaft fractures: a practical guide to assessment and management
Authors: Dowlut Naeem , Horlick Serena , Ather Sarim , Gwilym Steve
Published: April 2023

Fractures of the humeral shaft represent roughly 5% of all fractures. They occur in an approximate bimodal distribution, typically affecting young adults following trauma and older females after low energy falls in the presence of osteoporosis. Humeral shaft fractures are associated with pain, temporary disability and a reduced quality of life for the duration of treatment. Treatment goals are directed towards achieving and maintaining a fracture environment conducive to healing, pain relief and early restoration of function. While most humeral shaft fractures are conservatively managed, operative management is indicated in certain circumstances. This article provides an overview of these fractures, including their initial management approach and definitive treatment.
Impact of Chinese College Students’ Professional Identity on Their Academic Achievement: Career Maturity as a Mediator
Authors: Zhang Pei Gang , Tu Chia Ching
Published: April 2023

This study investigated college students’ career maturity as a mediator of the effect of professional identity on academic achievement. The researchers developed a structural equation model and a research hypothesis using the Chinese college students’ professional identity scale, career maturity scale, and academic achievement scale. After experts’ revision and confirmatory analysis, the 3 scales had sufficient reliability, validity, and fit. The researchers distributed electronic questionnaires to students in 4 universities in Jilin Province, China, and participants responded using 5-point Likert-type scales. The researchers collected 1,104 valid questionnaires. According to the analysis, college students’ professional identity is a positive predictor of their academic achievement, and career maturity partially mediates the influence of professional identity on academic achievement. Therefore, improving Chinese college students’ professional identity may improve their academic achievement, and professional identity can have a positive effect on academic achievement through career maturity. University administrators and teachers should enhance the career maturity of college students and promote their professional development.
Indicadores dos Produtos gerados na Base de Dados de Produtos Educacionais das Redes INCT e do PROFCIAMB
Authors: Cerqueira Moraes Milena Aparecida , Joselisa Maria Chaves
Published: April 2023

A educação é um meio importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável que representa uma oportunidade de transformação das sociedades. No Brasil, os programas de mestrado adotaram a construção de produtos educacionais pelos seus mestrandos visando apresentar novos métodos para auxiliarem na aprendizagem dos discentes.
Experiences of progestin‐only pill users in the United States and attitudes toward over‐the‐counter access
Authors: Zuniga Carmela , Forsberg Hannah , Grindlay Kate
Published: April 2023

Context

Removing the prescription requirement and making oral contraceptive pills available over the counter (OTC) could increase contraceptive access in the United States. Despite current efforts to make a progestin‐only pill (POP) available OTC, there are no qualitative data exploring the experiences of POP users and their perspectives on making POPs available OTC.

Methods

We conducted six online, asynchronous focus group discussions with 36 POP users between July and November 2020. We stratified focus group discussion placement based on three reasons for POP use: breastfeeding, having a contraindication to estrogen (for a reason other than breastfeeding), and for any other reason. We thematically analyzed these data using inductive and deductive coding.

Results

The majority of participants described their overall POP experience as positive, mostly because they experienced minor or no side effects and thought the pill was effective. Participants overwhelmingly supported OTC availability of POPs and expressed interest in purchasing an OTC POP. Over one‐third of participants had very limited knowledge or held inaccurate assumptions about POPs before they started using this method and many stressed the need to disseminate accurate information and resources about POPs to the public.

Conclusions

Most focus group discussion participants were satisfied with POPs and supported OTC access. While misconceptions and concerns about POPs should be addressed, an OTC POP has the potential to be a safe, effective, and convenient contraceptive option in the United States.
Characteristics of abortion patients in protected and restricted states accessing clinic‐based care 12 months prior to the elimination of the federal constitutional right to abortion in the United States
Authors: Jones Rachel K. , Chiu Doris W.
Published: April 2023

Background

As a result of the June 2022 decision of the United States (US) Supreme Court, as many as 24 states have, or are expected to, ban or severely restrict abortion. We provide baseline information about abortion patients living in different state environments prior to this decision.

Methods

We obtained surveys from 6674 women, transgender men, and other pregnancy capable individuals accessing abortion care at 56 facilities across the US between June 2021 and July 2022. The final analytic sample uses information from 5930 abortion patients to compare the demographic and situational profiles of those living in the 24 states likely to ban abortion (restricted) to those living in states where it is likely to remain legal (protected).

Results

Compared to respondents who lived in protected states, abortion patients in restricted states were more likely to be Black (39% vs. 30%) or white (35% vs. 28%) and less likely to be Latinx (18% vs. 32%). Respondents in restricted states were more likely to be paying out‐of‐pocket for care (87% vs. 42%), be relying on financial assistance (22% vs. 11%), and indicate that it was difficult to pay for the abortion (54% vs. 28%). Twelve percent of respondents who lived in a restricted state crossed state lines for care and the majority (59%) was going to another restricted state.

Discussion

Prior to June 2022, abortion patients in restricted states encountered more situational and financial barriers compared to those in protected states. These barriers have undoubtedly been exacerbated by abortion bans.
Coupling optimized bending-insensitive multi-core fibers for lensless endoscopy
Authors: Gajendra Kumar Naveen , Sivankutty Siddharth , Tsvirkun Victor , Cassez Andy , Labat Damien , Cossart Rosa , Bouwmans Geraud , Andresen Esben Ravn , Rigneault Hervé
Published: April 2023

We report a bending-insensitive multi-core fiber (MCF) for lensless endoscopy imaging with modified fiber geometry that enables optimal light coupling in and out of the individual cores. In a previously reported bending insensitive MCF (twisted MCF), the cores are twisted along the length of the MCF allowing for the development of flexible thin imaging endoscopes with potential applications in dynamic and freely moving experiments. However, for such twisted MCFs the cores are seen to have an optimum coupling angle which is proportional to their radial distance from the center of the MCF. This brings coupling complexity and potentially degrades the endoscope imaging capabilities. In this study, we demonstrate that by introducing a small section (1 cm) at two ends of the MCF, where all the cores are straight and parallel to the optical axis one can rectify the above coupling and output light issues of the twisted MCF, enabling the development of bend-insensitive lensless endoscopes.
150 Gbps multi-wavelength FSO transmission with 25-GHz ITU-T grid in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Su Yulong , Meng Jiacheng , Wei Tingting , Xie Zhuang , Jia Shuaiwei , Tian Wenlong , Zhu Jiangfeng , Wang Wei
Published: April 2023

The 3∼5 µm mid-infrared (mid-IR) light has several exceptional benefits in the case of adverse atmospheric conditions compared to the 1.5 µm band, so it is a promising candidate for optical carriers for free-space communication (FSO) through atmospheric channels. However, the transmission capacity in the mid-IR band is constrained in the lower range due to the immaturity of its devices. In this work, to replicate the 1.5 µm band dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology to the 3 µm band for high-capacity transmission, we demonstrate a 12-channel 150 Gbps FSO transmission in the 3 µm band based on our developed mid-IR transmitter and receiver modules. These modules enable wavelength conversion between the 1.5 µm and 3 µm bands based on the effect of difference-frequency generation (DFG). The mid-IR transmitter effectively generates up to 12 optical channels ranging from 3.5768 µm to 3.5885 µm with a power of 6.6 dBm, and each channel carries 12.5 Gbps binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulated data. The mid-IR receiver regenerates the 1.5 µm band DWDM signal with a power of -32.1 dBm. Relevant results of regenerated signal demodulation have been collected in detail, including bit error ratio (BER), constellation diagram, and eye diagram. The power penalties of the 6th to 8th channels selected from the regenerated signal are lower than 2.2 dB compared with back-to-back (BTB) DWDM signal at a bit error ratio (BER) of 1E-6, and other channels can also achieve good transmission quality. It is expected to further push the data capacity to the terabit-per-second level by adding more 1.5 µm band laser sources and using wider-bandwidth chirped nonlinear crystals.
Microwave photonic radar system with improved SNR performance utilizing optical resonant amplification and random Fourier coefficient waveforms
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Xie Qinyu , Wang Ruixuan , Yang Jiyao , Ma Weichao , Li Wangzhe , Wu Yirong
Published: April 2023

A microwave photonic (MWP) radar system with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By improving the SNR of echoes through properly designed radar waveforms and resonant amplification in the optical domain, the proposed radar system can detect and image weak targets that were previously hidden in noise. Echoes with a common low-level SNR obtain high optical gain and the in-band noise is suppressed during resonant amplification. The designed radar waveforms, based on random Fourier coefficients, reduce the effect of optical nonlinearity while providing reconfigurable waveform performance parameters for different scenarios. A series of experiments are developed to verify the feasibility of the SNR improvement of the proposed system. Experimental results show a maximum SNR improvement of 3.6 dB with an optical gain of 28.6 dB for the proposed waveforms over a wide input SNR range. From a comparison with linear frequency modulated signals in microwave imaging of rotating targets, significant quality enhancement is observed. The results confirm the ability of the proposed system to improve SNR performance of MWP radars and its great application potential in SNR-sensitive scenarios.
Near 0.5 dB gain per unit length in O-band based on a Bi/P co-doped silica fiber via atomic layer deposition
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Weiqi , Yang Yuanyuan , Wen Jianxiang , Dong Yanhua , Shang Yana , Luo Yanhua , Wang Tingyun
Published: April 2023

In this work, bismuth doped fiber (BDF) and bismuth/phosphosilicate co-doped fiber (BPDF) were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) combined with the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD). The spectral characteristics are studied experimentally and the BPDF has good excitation effect covering the O band. A diode pumped BPDF amplifier with the gain over 20 dB from 1298-1348 nm (50 nm) has been demonstrated. The maximum gain of 30 dB was measured at 1320 nm with a gain coefficient of around 0.5 dB/m. Furthermore, we constructed different local structures through simulation and found that compared with the BDF, BPDF has a stronger excited state and a greater significance in O-band. This is mainly because phosphorus (P) doping changes the associated electron distribution and forms the bismuth-phosphorus active center. The fiber has a high gain coefficient, which is of great significance for the industrialization of O-band fiber amplifier.