bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitude toward patients with mental disorders: what is going on amongst Iranian pharmacies?
Authors: Shirvaniyan Fatemeh , Eissazade Negin , Shariat Seved Vahid , Khademoreza Noushin , Daneshvar Masoomeh , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: March 2024

Introduction

As the incidence of mental disorders continues to rise, and pharmacy staff can significantly affect the willingness of patients with mental disorders to seek help; we aimed to evaluate the stigmatizing attitude of the pharmacy staff toward these patients in Iran.

Methods

We conducted this cross-sectional study between April 2020 and December 2021 in Tehran, Iran, and included pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy students, with the experience of working in a pharmacy for at least three months. The social distance scale (SDS) and dangerousness scale (DS) were used to measure the stigmatizing attitude of the participants. Higher scores indicated more stigmatizing attitudes.

Results

We included a total of 186 participants with a mean age of 32.97 ± 9.41 years, of which 101 (54.3%) were male, and 75 (40.3%) were pharmacists, 101 (54.3%) were pharmacy technicians, and 8 (4.3%) were pharmacy students. The mean SDS score was 14.2 ± 4.13, and the mean DS score was 33.85 ± 8.92. The greatest tendency for social distance was reported for a patient with a mental disorder, ‘being the caretaker of their children for an hour or two’ and ‘marrying their children.’ The most perceived dangerousness was reported for a patient with a mental disorder ‘owning a gun.’ Positive personal history of psychopharmacological treatment was statistically correlated with lower DS (P = 0.001) and SDS (P = 0.007) scores. Positive family history of psychiatric inpatient admission was significantly correlated with higher DS (P = 0.05) and SDS (P = 0.03) scores. Higher rates of ‘received psychiatric prescriptions per month’ was associated with lower DS scores (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Our participants did not have an overall positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders. Although, compared to previous studies, they held a more positive attitude. Positive personal history of psychopharmacological treatment predicted a more positive attitude and positive family history of psychiatric inpatient admission predicted a more negative attitude.
Nurturing multiculturalism in Iranian EFL teacher education: an in-depth scrutiny of experts’ and teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Salimi Esmaeel Ali , Rad Mostafa Rahimi
Published: March 2024

Given that Iran is the host of a variety of cultures characterized with diverse languages, viewpoints, and customs, the empty place of multiculturalism in its ELT system is deeply felt. The present study sought to tackle multiculturalism in EFL teacher education in the context of Iran by exploring Iranian EFL experts’ and teachers’ perceptions. The participants of this study consisted of the two groups. The first group included 15 male and female multicultural education experts. The second group of the participants included of 60 (30 males and 30 females) Iranian EFL teachers. To collect the required data, a demographic information scale, two semi-structured interviews and an audio-reflective journal were used. Data analysis was done via qualitative thematic analysis by MAXQDA. As revealed by the results, several themes were extracted as the components of the multicultural EFL teacher education, as uncovered by the experts’ views some of which include Eliminating Race-Related Inequalities, Eliminating Gender-Related Inequalities, and Eliminating Social Class-Related Inequalities. Moreover, the Necessary Communicative Skills, Positive Thinking, Difference Acceptance, and Multicultural Content, Various Evaluation Methods were found as some of the extracted EFL teachers’ perceptions of multicultural EFL teacher education. The findings have some implications for different groups of stakeholders including EFL teachers, teacher educators and teacher education material developers who can take useful insights from the findings in teaching EFL, educating student-teachers and developing future curricula, respectively.
Dietary calcium is inversely associated with hepatitis B virus infection: an analysis of US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2020
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Yuxiao , Jiang Shanjiamei , Hu Heng , Wang Xinzhi , Yu Fan , Huang Yue’e , Liang Yali
Published: March 2024

Background

There have been studies on the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and diet. We hypothesized HBV infection is related to dietary calcium intake, but the evidence is limited. This study aimed to examine whether dietary calcium intake is independently related to HBV infection in the United States population.

Methods

A total of 20,488 participants aged over 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted from 2007 to 2020, were included in this study. Pearson correlation was used to test the association between dietary calcium and serum calcium. The relationships of HBV infection with dietary calcium and serum calcium were assessed by logistic regression models.

Results

There was a weak correlation between dietary calcium and serum calcium (r = 0.048). Logistic regression models indicated that HBV infection had a linear negative correlation with dietary calcium (OR 0.37; 95%CI 0.19, 0.76). For each additional 10 mg dietary calcium, the possibility of HBV infection was reduced by 63%. Hepatitis B positive participants had lower serum calcium content than negative participants. Stratified analysis shown the linear relationship between calcium and HBV infection varied among sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated HBV infection was linearly and inversely correlated with dietary calcium. The current study is expected to offer a fresh perspective on reducing HBV infection.
Prevalence, characteristics and clinical impact of work-related musculoskeletal pain in echocardiography
Authors: Onwordi Eunice , Harris Alistair , Atkinson Charlotte , West Cathy , Pearce Keith , Hancock Jane , Demetrescu Camelia , Rakhit Dhrubo , Shah Benoy N. , Khattar Rajdeep , Gorman Jennifer , Encarnacion Delfin , Lloyd Guy , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev
Published: March 2024

Background

Work-related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP) is increasingly recognised in cardiac ultrasound practice. WRMSP can impact workforce health, productivity and sustainability. We sought to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and clinical impact of WRMSP.

Methods

Prospective electronic survey of 157 echocardiographers in 10 institutions. Data acquired on demographics, experience, working environment/pattern, WRMSP location, severity and pattern, the impact on professional, personal life and career.

Results

129/157 (82%) echocardiographers completed the survey, of whom 109 (85%) reported WRMSP and 55 (43%) reported work taking longer due to WRMSP. 40/129 (31%) required time off work. 78/109 (60%) reported sleep disturbance with 26/78 (33%) of moderate or severe severity. 56/129 (45%) required medical evaluation of their WRMSP and 25/129 (19%) received a formal diagnosis of musculoskeletal injury. Those with 11+ years of experience were significantly more likely to receive a formal diagnosis of WRMSP (p = 0.002) and require medication (p = 0.006) compared to those with 10 years or less experience.

Conclusion

WRMSP is very common amongst echocardiographers, with a fifth having a related musculoskeletal injury. WRMSP has considerable on impact on personal, social and work-related activities. Strategies to reduce the burden of WRMSP are urgently required to ensure sustainability of the workforce and patient access to imaging.
Simplex Lattice Design and Machine Learning Methods for the Optimization of Novel Microemulsion Systems to Enhance p-Coumaric Acid Oral Bioavailability: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Nasser Nayera , Hathout Rania M. , Abd-Allah Hend , Sammour Omaima A.
Published: March 2024

Novel p-coumaric acid microemulsion systems were developed to circumvent its absorption and bioavailability challenges. Simplex-lattice mixture design and machine learning methods were employed for optimization. Two optimized formulations were characterized using in vitro re-dispersibility and cytotoxicity on various tumor cell lines (MCF-7, CaCO2, and HepG2). The in vivo bioavailability profiles of the drug loaded in the two microemulsion systems and in the suspension form were compared. The optimized microemulsions composed of Labrafil M1944 CS (5.67%)/Tween 80 (38.71%)/Labrasol (38.71%)/water (16.92%) and Capryol 90 (0.50%)/Transcutol P (26.67%)/Tween 80 (26.67%)/Labrasol (26.67%)/water (19.50%), respectively. They revealed uniform and stable p-coumaric acid-loaded microemulsion systems with a droplet size diameter of about 10 nm. The loaded microemulsion formulations enhanced the drug re-dispersibility in contrast to the drug suspension which exhibited 5 min lag time. The loaded formulae were significantly more cytotoxic on all cell lines by 11.98–16.56 folds on MCF-7 and CaCo2 cells and 47.82–98.79 folds on HepG2 cells higher than the pure drug. The optimized microemulsions were 1.5–1.8 times more bioavailable than the drug suspension. The developed p-coumaric acid microemulsion systems could be considered a successful remedy for diverse types of cancer.

Graphical Abstract
Prospective Multicenter Registry–Based Study on Thyroid Storm: The Guidelines for Management From Japan Are Useful
Authors: Furukawa Yasushi , Tanaka Keiko , Isozaki Osamu , Suzuki Atsushi , Iburi Tadao , Tsuboi Kumiko , Iguchi Moritake , Kanamoto Naotetsu , Minamitani Kanshi , Wakino Shu , Satoh Tetsurou , Teramukai Satoshi , Kimura Eizen , Miyake Yoshihiro , Akamizu Takashi
Published: March 2024

Context

The mortality rate in thyroid storm (TS) has been reported to be higher than 10%.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2016 guidelines for the management of TS proposed by the Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society.

Methods

In this prospective multicenter registry–based study, patients with new-onset TS were registered in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), a secure web platform. On day 30 after admission, clinical information and prognosis of each patient were added to the platform. On day 180, the prognosis was described.

Results

This study included 110 patients with TS. The median of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 13, higher than the score (10) in the previous nationwide epidemiological study (P = .001). Nonetheless, the mortality rate at day 30 was 5.5%, approximately half compared with 10.7% in the previous nationwide survey. Lower body mass index, shock, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction were positively associated with poor prognosis at day 30, while the lack of fever ≥ 38 °C was related to the outcome. The mortality rate in patients with an APACHE II score ≥ 12 for whom the guidelines were not followed was significantly higher than the rate in patients for whom the guidelines were followed (50% vs 4.7%) (P = .01).

Conclusion

Prognosis seemed better than in the previous nationwide survey, even though disease severity was higher. The mortality rate was lower when the guidelines were followed. Thus, the guidelines are useful for managing TS.
Visualization or Mathematization? The London School of Economics and “Diagrammatic Economics” in the 1930s
Authors: Giraud Yann
Published: March 2024

Although the subject of numerous contributions in the history of economics, the use of theoretical diagrams by economists is still quite misunderstood, as this practice is often characterized as a basic form of mathematization, soon replaced by more rigorous techniques of demonstration or exhibition. The present article attempts to challenge this view, focusing on a period of time, the 1930s, during which “diagrammatic economics” and other techniques coexisted, and on a specific community, that of students and young researchers from the London School of Economics with a keen interest in using diagrams as tools for economic reasoning. The cosmopolitan nature of research and education at the LSE, with its insistence on reading a vast amount of literature and attending seminars by a revolving cast of local and foreign lecturers, offered a favorable environment for a form of visual analysis that helped clarify concepts and resolve definitional issues, at a time when interest in various economic traditions had not yet given way to attempts to systematize and unify economic knowledge and its standards of production.
Applying Pure Mathematics: IMPA and the Entanglements of Mathematical Economics in Brazil
Authors: Assaf Matheus
Published: March 2024

This article studies the entanglements of mathematical economics in Brazil by delving into the emergence of a scientific community identified with the subject at the Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA). It traces how networks built since IMPA's early years in the 1950s made economics a viable alternative to applied mathematics in an institute mostly dedicated to research in pure mathematics. The article examines how interests in mathematical economics remained active during IMPA's expansion beginning in the late 1960s. This process culminated with the creation of the mathematical economics graduate program at IMPA in 1980 by Aloisio Araujo. The article follows how the program could build strong connections to the Escola de Pós-Graduação em Economia (EPGE), an important department of economics in Brazil, helping to shape recent developments in the center. The article thus aims to reveal how historical connections and entwinements of economics and mathematics groomed at IMPA have affected recent developments in the Brazilian economics community.
The Ocean on Fire
Authors: Maurer Anaïs
Published: March 2024

Bombarded with the equivalent of one Hiroshima bomb a day for half a century, Pacific people have long been subjected to man-made cataclysm. Well before climate change became a global concern, nuclear testing brought about untimely death, widespread diseases, forced migration, and irreparable destruction to the shores of Oceania. In The Ocean on Fire, Anaïs Maurer analyzes the Pacific literature that incriminates the environmental racism behind radioactive skies and rising seas. Maurer identifies strategies of resistance uniting the region by analyzing an extensive multilingual archive of decolonial Pacific art in French, Spanish, English, Tahitian, and Uvean, ranging from literature to songs and paintings. She shows how Pacific nuclear survivors' stories reveal an alternative vision of the apocalypse: instead of promoting individualism and survivalism, they advocate mutual assistance, cultural resilience, South-South transnational solidarities, and Indigenous women's leadership. Drawing upon their experience resisting both nuclear colonialism and carbon imperialism, Pacific storytellers offer compelling narratives to nurture the land and each other in times of global environmental collapse.
Sex-based differences in Muscle Stem Cell Regulation Following Exercise
Authors: Beaudry Kayleigh , De Lisio Michael
Published: March 2024

Sexual dimorphism, driven by the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen, influences body composition, muscle fiber type, and inflammation. Research related to muscle stem cell (MuSC) responses to exercise has mainly focused on males. We propose a novel hypothesis that there are sex-based differences in MuSC regulation following exercise, such that males have more MuSCs while females demonstrate a greater capacity for regeneration.
Motor Output Variability in Movement Disorders: Insights From Essential Tremor
Authors: Yacoubi Basma , Christou Evangelos A.
Published: March 2024

Findings on individuals with essential tremor suggest that tremor (within-trial movement unsteadiness) and inconsistency (trial-to-trial movement variance) stem from distinct pathologies and affect function uniquely. Nonetheless, the intricacies of inconsistency in movement disorders remain largely unexplored, as exemplified in ataxia where inconsistency below healthy levels is associated with greater pathology. We advocate for clinical assessments that quantify both tremor and inconsistency.
Epidemias e cemitérios na Corumbá oitocentista
Authors: Sena Divino Marcos de
Published: March 2024

Epidemias atingiram o cotidiano de Corumbá nos momentos iniciais de sua existência como espaço urbano e portuário na fronteira do Brasil com a Bolívia. Elas evidenciaram comportamentos e práticas da população que, aos olhos das autoridades, precisariam ser alterados para a promoção de uma localidade sadia e salubre. Entre as interferências estavam as formas como deveriam acontecer os sepultamentos e a manutenção ou extinção de cemitérios, entendidos como um dos principais focos de proliferação de enfermidades. Esse debate é detalhado neste artigo, que tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre as epidemias e as iniciativas do poder público em torno dos cemitérios de Corumbá no final do século XIX.
uso de Genshin Impact como metodologia ativa rumo ao letramento digital
Authors: Ferreira Santana Maurício
Published: March 2024

Utilizando a metodologia ativa de gamificação, tomamos como objeto de estudo o RPG (Role-Playing Game, ou Jogo de Representação de Papéis) eletrônico Genshin Impact, oferecendo a hipótese de que se trata de uma ferramenta auxiliar para o ensino curricular em disciplinas de humanidades, e como recurso lúdico na identificação de hábitos e culturas, visto que o mundo representado no game faz referências a diversas regiões do mundo real. Os recursos imagéticos e discursivos são potencialmente enriquecedores para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e podem ser endereçados ao letramento digital dos estudantes, conforme análise feita em trechos de diálogos de personagens, dos quais apresentamos recortes do uso de motores de busca e da inteligência artificial.
Aortic flow is abnormal in HFpEF
Authors: Mehmood Zia , Assadi Hosamadin , Li Rui , Kasmai Bahman , Matthews Gareth , Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Sanz-Cepero Aureo , Zhao Xiaodan , Zhong Liang , Aung Nay , Skinner Kristian , Hadinnapola Charaka , Swoboda Peter , Swift Andrew J. , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Miller Christopher , van der Geest Rob J. , Peterson Steffen , Garg Pankaj
Published: March 2024

Aims Turbulent aortic flow makes the cardiovascular system less effective. It remains unknown if patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have disturbed aortic flow. This study sought to investigate advanced markers of aortic flow disturbances in HFpEF. Methods This case-controlled observational study used four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance derived, two-dimensional phase-contrast reformatted plane data at an orthogonal plane just above the sino-tubular junction. We recruited 10 young healthy controls (HCs), 10 old HCs and 23 patients with HFpEF. We analysed average systolic aortic flow displacement (FDsavg), systolic flow reversal ratio (sFRR) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). In a sub-group analysis, we compared old HCs versus age-gender-matched HFpEF (N=10). Results Differences were significant in mean age (P<0.001) among young HCs (22.9±3.5 years), old HCs (60.5±10.2 years) and HFpEF patients (73.7±9.7 years). FDsavg, sFRR and PWV varied significantly (P<0.001) in young HCs (8±4%, 2±2%, 4±2m/s), old HCs (16±5%, 7±6%, 11±8m/s), and HFpEF patients (23±10%, 11±10%, 8±3). No significant PWV differences existed between old HCs and HFpEF.HFpEF had significantly higher FDsavg versus old HCs (23±10% vs 16±5%, P<0.001). A FDsavg > 17.7% achieved 74% sensitivity, 70% specificity for differentiating them. sFRR was notably higher in HFpEF (11±10% vs 7±6%, P<0.001). A sFRR > 7.3% yielded 78% sensitivity, 70% specificity in differentiating these groups. In sub-group analysis, FDsavg remained distinctly elevated in HFpEF (22.4±9.7% vs 16±4.9%, P=0.029). FDsavg of >16% showed 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity (P=0.01). Similarly, sFRR remained significantly higher in HFpEF (11.3±9.5% vs 6.6±6.4%, P=0.007). A sFRR of >7.2% showed 100% sensitivity and 60% specificity (P<0.001). Conclusion Aortic flow haemodynamics namely FDsavg and sFRR are significantly affected in ageing and HFpEF patients.
Justification Logic and the Epistemic Contribution of Deduction
Authors: Nuñez Hernández Nancy Abigail , Hernández-Quiroz Francisco
Published: March 2024

Accounting for the epistemic contribution of deduction has been a pervasive problem for logicians interested in deduction, such as, among others, Jakko Hintikka. The problem arises because the conclusion validly deduced from a set of premises is said to be “contained” in that set; because of this containment relation, the conclusion would be known from the moment the premises are known. Assuming this, it is problematic to explain how we can gain knowledge by deducing a logical consequence implied by a set of known premises. To address this problem, we offer an alternative account of the epistemic contribution of deduction as the process required to deduce a conclusion or a theorem, understanding such a process not only in terms of the number of steps in the derivation but also, more importantly, in terms of the reason for or justification for every step. That is, we do not know a proposition unless we have a justification or proof of that proposition. With this goal in mind, we develop a justification logic system which exhibits the epistemic contribution of a deductive derivation as the resulting justified formula.
Monitoring and the Cold Start Problem in Digital Platforms: Theory and Evidence from Online Labor Markets
Authors: Liang Chen , Hong Yili , Gu Bin
Published: March 2024

In the realm of online labor platforms, addressing moral hazard is crucial. Reputation systems have been the conventional solution, yet they pose a cold-start problem for newcomers. Alternatively, monitoring systems provide real-time oversight to employers, directly tackling moral hazard. This study combines theory and empirical analysis using data from a leading online labor platform. We find that monitoring systems effectively reduce the cold-start problem, leading to a 27.8% increase in bids on projects, primarily from inexperienced workers. We further find that following the introduction of the monitoring system, employers’ preference for experienced workers diminishes, accompanied by an average reduction of 19.5% in labor costs, whereas we observe no significant decrease in project completion and review rating. Our results collectively suggest that monitoring systems alleviate the cold-start problem in online platforms and contribute to fostering a more inclusive online labor market.
Doing More with Less: Overcoming Ineffective Long-Term Targeting Using Short-Term Signals
Authors: Huang Ta-Wei , Ascarza Eva
Published: March 2024

The Targeting Operator Characteristic (TOC) evaluates the effectiveness of targeting treatments to individuals predicted to benefit the most, by comparing their average treatment effect (ATE) against the ATE for the entire population.
The needs of newly qualified nurses
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: March 2024

Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, considers the importance of providing the right support to nurses who are new to the register
Anaesthesia for colic surgery in horses
Authors: Loomes Kate
Published: March 2024

The anaesthetic and analgesic management of horses undergoing colic surgery can be complex and challenging. This review discusses the main points for consideration from the preoperative preparation through to the recovery phase. It also provides a brief overview of monitoring aspects and some of the common intra-operative complications which may be experienced.
Ocular radiation exposure is negligible in normal volume endourological practice
Authors: Peacock J , Henderson J
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The annual dose limit for radiation exposure to the eye has been reduced recently; the eye is widely recognised as one of the most radiosensitive tissues in the body. There is minimal good quality research as to the radiation dose that the eye receives during endourological surgery and this study aimed to address this.

Methods

A prospective study was performed over an 8-month period at a single large teaching hospital in the UK. Three index procedures were included: ureteric stent insertion, ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Surgeons wore a dosimeter on the glabella with fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP) recorded for each case.

Results

A total of 404 procedures were included (247 URSs, 150 ureteric stent insertions and 7 PCNLs). Dosimeters were worn by ten surgeons. Mean FTs (URS 20.56s; ureteric stent 18.96s; PCNL 360.67s) and mean DAP (URS 100.82cGy/m2, ureteric stent 119.82cGy/m2 and PCNL 1121.62cGy/m2) were identified with significant intersurgeon variability. No surgeon had a total dosimeter dose >0.00mSv.

Conclusions

The International Commission on Radiological Protection recently reduced the yearly eye dose limit from 150 to 20mSv. Cataractogenesis is no longer considered a typical deterministic effect, with a threshold level below which no effect occurs. Even in higher volume centres, these annual limits are unlikely to be reached. Lead glasses may be considered for surgeons and radiologists with the highest exposure but, for the majority, ocular radiation exposure is negligible.
Fraseografia digitale e varietà diatopiche dello spagnolo.
Authors: Dal Maso Elena
Published: March 2024

This article aims to present a proposal for the lemmatisation of Hispanic phraseology in a digital multilingual phraseological dictionary. Indeed, in the current lexicographic panorama, bi- or multilingual electronic dictionaries capable of comprehensively presenting the phraseology of the different diatopic varieties of Spanish are still lacking. For this reason, within the framework of the Digital Multilingual Phraseological Dictionary (DFMD) project, currently being developed at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, a preliminary study illustrated in this paper has been carried out. This focuses on the inclusion of Spanish phraseology in a Spanish-Italian/ Italian-Spanish bilingual repertory. In the following chapters, I first outline the state of the art as regards the presence of Hispanic phraseology in existing digital lexicographic works (chapter 2), and then move on to the presentation of the elaborated phraseographic proposal: in particular, I will set out the parameters adopted for the selection of the phraseological corpus under investigation and its subsequent lemmatisation in the Venetian repertory (chapter 3). Subsequently, I will examine some examples of lexicographic entries in which the proposed methodology is applied (chapter 4). Finally, I will offer some points of re-thinking for possible future studies (chapter 5).
Measuring quality in communication is imperative for social work education, practice and research, but what does it take? A social worker perspective
Authors: Steensbæk Signe , Baviskar Siddhartha , Antczak Helle Birkholm , Bjerregaard Anne H. , Ebsen Frank C. , Mackrill Thomas , Rosted Malene K. , Larsen Karin Skov
Published: March 2024

Measuring quality in communication is imperative for social work education, practice and research, but what does it take? This article describes the challenges faced by social workers in developing a set of scales and a coding framework for measuring quality in statutory social work communication between social workers and vulnerable young people. By sharing and reflecting on our experiences, we hope to offer other colleagues support in performing a similarly challenging task. A large body of filmed meetings from six different municipalities formed the basis for developing and testing the scales. All meetings between participants in the research process were taped, analysed and combined with field notes and coding results to identify the different challenges. The research process underlined not only that quality in statutory social work communication is a complex and context-dependent phenomenon but also that the process of quantifying and coding can generate new insights into the phenomenon. The analysis identifies that the quantitative translation of statutory social work communication created four different key challenges: ‘Struggling with context’; ‘When theory does not match reality’; ‘Unforgivable mistakes’; and ‘The relativistic no man’s land’.
Consideraciones ético-jurídicas sobre los criterios de prioridad de atención para los pacientes en terapia intensiva durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Capone Nadia , Albert-Márquez José J.
Published: March 2024

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la forma en que la pandemia derivada del COVID-19 ha alterado determinados procesos asistenciales frente a la muerte. La rápida propagación incontrolada de la enfermedad y la falta de respuesta organizativa en términos de salud pública pronto condujeron a una desproporción entre la demanda asistencial en cuidados intensivos y los recursos humanos y materiales para satisfacerla. En ocasiones, los médicos se han visto en el dilema de decidir qué pacientes tratar y cuales excluir en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Tanto en España como en Italia se ha usado el triaje y se han publicado algunas recomendaciones que han suscitado ciertas críticas en el ámbito médico, ético y legal. Se plantea el interrogante de que estas medidas excepcionales se puedan aplicar cuando se recupera la normalidad socio sanitaria.
El cadáver en los sistemas jurídicos colombiano y español: una discusión jurídica, ética y bioética
Authors: Garces Garces Hugo
Published: March 2024

El objeto de este trabajo es contribuir al desarrollo conceptual de la categoría jurídica del cadáver en razón a la dificultad que representa la dualidad de sujeto–objeto y que eventualmente puede generar una desprotección al mismo. El estudio se limita a las legislaciones de España y Colombia, cuya regulación, además de estar estrechamente relacionada en sus orígenes, es similar en muchos aspectos. La hipótesis sostenida es que el cadáver es una sustancia corpórea que contiene información personal y en virtud de ello, la bioética se convierte en una fuente útil para su tratamiento y regulación.
Reconfiguración del principio de dignidad humana. La visibilidad de nuevos sujetos de derecho en el interior del orden jurídico colombiano
Authors: Restrepo Tamayo John Fernando
Published: March 2024

Este trabajo tiene por objeto identificar de qué manera el sistema normativo colombiano de los últimos años se ha estructurado a partir del concepto Dignidad. Para ello se hará una presentación del término en tres momentos histórico-jurídicos a través de los cuales resulta posible construir una noción del sistema normativo según principios y valores afincados en una cosmovisión propia al alcance del término y la transformación jurídica de su significado en el que se transita de la legalidad a la dignidad humana y posteriormente hacia la dignidad de los sujetos de derecho. Es un trabajo descriptivo, analítico y crítico que servirá para identificar la actualidad del marco interpretativo de la Constitución y el orden jurídico en Colombia a lo largo de los últimos treinta años de vigencia de nuestro sistema constitucional.
Bioética y democracia en la sociedad digital
Authors: Paulo Neto Alberto
Published: March 2024

La sociedad contemporánea vive la revolución digital y la necesidad de reflexionar sobre la interacción entre los seres humanos y las tecnologías digitales. El auge de las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial y la algoritmización social ha planteado interrogantes sobre la indispensabilidad de la supervisión y el análisis ético de la información y los datos en Internet. Así como la necesidad de verificar la influencia de las plataformas digitales en el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. La bioética posibilita la investigación sobre los principios que se deben respetar en una sociedad democrática y digital. Resaltamos los principios de responsabilidad social y no discriminación con la intención de que los beneficios del uso tecnológico promuevan el bienestar y la calidad de vida de los menos favorecidos. Su objetivo es garantizar la supervivencia de la especie humana y la mejora de la protección de la vida de todos los seres vivos, animales y plantas. La reflexión bioética sobre el uso de la inteligencia artificial podría establecer la brújula moral que oriente el análisis de los conflictos éticos y la defensa de que a todos los seres humanos se les debe garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades y las condiciones para realizar plenamente su proyecto de vida.
Privacidade e confidencialidade dos dados de pessoas idosas frente às tecnologias de monitoramento em saúde
Authors: Barberato-Filho Silvi , Martinez Kozyreff Alan
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo discute os avanços e desafios das tecnologias de monitoramento em saúde de pessoas idosas e suas implicações na privacidade e confidencialidade dos dados coletados. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, fundamentado na literatura, com síntese narrativa. O texto contextualiza as demandas decorrentes do envelhecimento populacional e o uso de sensores e de outros dispositivos eletrônicos no monitoramento de atividades diárias de pessoas idosas em ambientes internos e externos. É importante ressaltar que os benefícios oferecidos pelas tecnologias não devem comprometer a privacidade e a confidencialidade dos dados. Para garantir isso, é necessário aprimorar os mecanismos regulatórios, estabelecendo padrões de segurança e princípios éticos para a proteção de dados pessoais, respeitando a privacidade e a confidencialidade dos dados.
La búsqueda de la felicidad en la literatura de autoayuda. Un desafío para la bioética
Authors: Vásquez Cardona Federico , Valencia Cartagena Daniel , Arroyave Carvajal José
Published: March 2024

Esta investigación propone el análisis de los posibles riesgos asociados al consumo de libros de autoayuda, donde hay una constante búsqueda inmediatista de soluciones a los problemas de la vida cotidiana. El trabajo se enmarca en la metodología de artículo teórico. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas y de humanidades, además de considerar los antecedentes y el contexto relacionados con el tema abordado, seguido de un análisis de la información. Como resultado, se evidenció que existen riesgos asociados al uso de la autoayuda como método de solución para los problemas que afectan al sujeto contemporáneo en la sociedad, debido a la posibilidad de transgredir los principios de la bioética, además de la ausencia de implementación de los fundamentos acerca del alcance de la felicidad proporcionada por la neurociencia.
Direitos reprodutivos das mulheres submetidas à cesárea em Moçambique: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Corradi-Perini Carla , Sebastiao Inácio Regina , Casellas Jociane
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo está voltado às questões referentes aos direitos reprodutivos e ao parto cesárea das mulheres em Moçambique. O objetivo foi analisar as ações/estratégias governamentais e não governamentais que visem a efetivação dos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres submetidas ao parto cesárea em Moçambique, discutindo sobre as fragilidades que configuram a violação desses direitos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Elsevier, GALE, PubMed, Web of Science e DOAJ a partir da combinação dos descritores cesarean section OR reproductive rights AND Mozambique. Depois de aplicadas as estratégias de inclusão e exclusão, resultaram 13 artigos elegíveis para elaboração do presente estudo. Os resultados apontam para a falta de aplicabilidade das ações governamentais que, apesar de existirem, ainda são ineficazes para que as mulheres de Moçambique tenham seus direitos reprodutivos garantidos e assistidos.
James 2: 18–26: Diatribe or Dishonor
Authors: Sweeney Michael L.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: James 2:18–26 has long been a troublesome passage for interpreters. Since James Hardy Ropes wrote his commentary in 1916, the majority of scholars have regarded it as an example of diatribe. Since, however, the interlocutor seems to agree with James, exegetes have had to propose a variety of interpretive maneuvers to make sense of the passage, each of which creates its own problems. I propose that we reconsider how the verses function within the broader context. If we lay aside Ropes’s view that this is an example of diatribe and regard it instead as a challenge to honor, the entire passage makes sense and flows neatly.
First-Person Narration and the Poetics of Theophany in the Deuteronomic Horeb Account
Authors: Schwartz Ethan
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In recent years, scholars of the Hebrew Bible have increasingly challenged entrenched dichotomies between historical criticism and literary theory. This integrative approach draws on contemporary literary studies to achieve a fuller understanding of biblical texts as fictive works in their ancient historical contexts. Theophany narratives invite especially fruitful application of this approach because they are both culturally specific and literarily complex. In this article, I contribute to this conversation by analyzing the fictive role of narrational voicing in Deut 4:1–40, the opening section of Moses's first-person account of the Horeb theophany in the pentateuchal Deuteronomic source. This passage famously underscores the auditory (as opposed to visual) character of the Horeb theophany in order to provide phenomenological ground for aniconism. While scholars usually treat this as a tenet of Deuteronomic theology, I argue that it is also part of the Deuteronomic poetics of first-person narration: Moses is framing the theophany in terms of his experience of the molten calf, which has already happened within the story world of D. This literary effect emerged both through Deuteronomic engagement with the earlier, Elohistic version of the story and through retrospective sapientialization of earlier material within D itself. Integrating historical-critical and literary-theoretical approaches shows how Deut 4:1–40 uses first-person narration to construct the theophany through the character development of the narrator.
Pharaonic Paradox: Josiah's Tragic Role Reversal in 2 Chronicles 35
Authors: Jarrard Eric
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In this article, I argue that Josiah's death in 2 Chronicles 35 offers a significant and intentional departure from its Vorlage (2 Kings 23) through an evocative presentation of Josiah's death redolent of other kings with dubious legacies. I consider methodologies for identifying allusion in late texts that demonstrate substantial awareness and engagement with pentateuchal materials. Those methodological reflections are then used to establish the allusions the Chronicler constructs to connect Josiah to the pharaoh of Exodus and other notorious monarchs from the Deuteronomistic History. These allusions, I contend, function as a form of memory work intended to (re)construct identity in the postexilic period. The Chronicler uses this technique to create a more thorough sense of narrative continuity at a relatively late point in the history—both in terms of textual composition and the history of the literary fabula—of the Chronicler's story. In this way, the Chronicler does not seek to replace or rewrite the Deuteronomistic Vorlage , but rather to refract—or contrafact—the Chronicler's self-reflexive rendering of previous events in order to create a more instructive reading of Israel's past for the Second Temple period.
Just a Number? Anna's Age as a Component of Her Characterization
Authors: Biermann Heidi M.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Anna's age is a seemingly minor detail with important implications for the relationship between Israel and the church in Luke-Acts. I argue that a symbolic reading of the number eighty-four, seven times twelve, suggests that Anna embodies both Israel and the church. Seven and twelve are key numbers for Israel, and they also characterize the church in Luke-Acts (e.g., the seven deacons in Acts 6:1–6 and the twelve apostles in Luke 6:13–16). Anna's age thus offers insight into the ongoing debate about the relationship between Israel and the church in Luke-Acts, a debate that resulted from Hans Conzelmann's thesis that Luke divides time between the period of Israel and the period of the church. Anna's age, together with her widowhood and life of worship, suggests that Anna is a hinge connecting Israel and the church, problematizing the idea inherited from Conzelmann that the characters in the infancy narrative belong solely to an era before Jesus.
Beholding the Salvation of God in Greek Isaiah and Luke-Acts
Authors: Smith David Andrew
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article examines a key element of the theological imagery of Greek Isaiah—the depiction of the salvation of God. Through a close comparison of selected passages of Isaiah in Hebrew and Greek, I seek to clarify the contributions of Greek translation to the creation of a version of Isaiah that would become not only the primary mode of reading the prophet in Greek-speaking diaspora Judaism but also the default linguistic field for much theological reflection in early Christianity. One avenue of the impact of the Greek translator's work is assessed through a survey of the reception history of the distinctly Greek version of Isaiah in Luke-Acts, where the imagery of salvation as a public spectacle becomes a central theme. I argue that sustained attention to the Greek version of Isaiah as a distinctive text in its own right is a necessary prolegomenon for studies of Lucan intertextuality and, indeed, Lucan theology.
From Adversaries to Allies: Source Criticism and the Antipas–Pilate Relationship in Luke 23:12
Authors: Gousopoulos Christina
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The focus of the present contribution is twofold: first, to offer a source-critical analysis of the alleged relationship between Herod Antipas and Pilate in Luke 23:12; and, second, to subsequently reinterpret the role of their reconciliation within the Lucan passion narrative (v. 12a). To extend Steven Mason's compelling argument of Luke's likely dependence on Josephus, I argue that the feud between the two authorities in v. 12b may have been inspired by or inferred from Luke's engagement with Antiquities 18 and Jewish War 2. I also maintain that, while Antipas and Pilate's reconciliation (and Antipas's involvement in the passion altogether) is probably a Lucan composition without a historical nucleus, their unexpected reconciliation in v. 12a importantly underscores one of the central tenets of the Lucan passion narrative. As Luke subtly urges for his audience, it is precisely the two authorities who were hostile to one another (and who had every reason to convict Jesus if he had proven to be insurgent) who find commonality in that which Jesus's own contemporaries and religious leaders fail to see: his innocence.
"The Sea We Must Wade": Exploring the Need for Catholic Ministry to Families with LGBTQ+ Children
Authors: Palmieri David
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the need for more effective ministry to Catholic families with LGBTQ+ children. The research presents an extensive list of internal and external challenges faced by both LGBTQ+ adolescents and their parents. One of the outward obstacles is an ongoing disagreement within the Church over the use of words like "same-sex attraction" and "disorder," so this paper proposes considerations to transcend the conflict. Finally, this paper argues that we must embrace the methodology of Jesus Christ (encounter, accompany, build community, send forth) to promote the "art of storytelling" as a compelling means of pastoral care. In this era of the New Evangelization, which prioritizes the formation of missionary disciples, we have an obligation to work in solidarity with LGBTQ+ adolescents and their families to embody what is right and just in a Church that goes forth.
Full-field noise-correlation elastography for in-plane mechanical anisotropy imaging
Authors: Marmin Agathe , Dufour Nina , Facca Sybille , Catheline Stefan , Chatelin Simon , Nahas Amir
Published: March 2024

Elastography contrast imaging has great potential for the detection and
characterization of abnormalities in soft biological tissues to help
physicians in diagnosis. Transient shear-waves elastography has
notably shown promising results for a range of clinical applications.
In biological soft tissues such as muscle, high mechanical anisotropy
implies different stiffness estimations depending on the direction of
the measurement. In this study, we propose the evolution of a
noise-correlation elastography approach for in-plane anisotropy
mapping. This method is shown to retrieve anisotropy from simulation
images before being validated on agarose anisotropic tissue-mimicking
phantoms, and the first results on in-vivo biological
fibrous tissues are presented.
Unsupervised OCT image despeckling with ground-truth- and repeated-scanning-free features
Authors: Wu Renxiong , Huang Shaoyan , Zhong Junming , Zheng Fei , Li Meixuan , Ge Xin , Zhong Jie , Liu Linbo , Ni Guangming , Liu Yong
Published: March 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can resolve biological three-dimensional tissue structures, but it is inevitably plagued by speckle noise that degrades image quality and obscures biological structure. Recently unsupervised deep learning methods are becoming more popular in OCT despeckling but they still have to use unpaired noisy-clean images or paired noisy-noisy images. To address the above problem, we propose what we believe to be a novel unsupervised deep learning method for OCT despeckling, termed Double-free Net, which eliminates the need for ground truth data and repeated scanning by sub-sampling noisy images and synthesizing noisier images. In comparison to existing unsupervised methods, Double-free Net obtains superior denoising performance when trained on datasets comprising retinal and human tissue images without clean images. The efficacy of Double-free Net in denoising holds significant promise for diagnostic applications in retinal pathologies and enhances the accuracy of retinal layer segmentation. Results demonstrate that Double-free Net outperforms state-of-the-art methods and exhibits strong convenience and adaptability across different OCT images.