bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A beacon of dung: using lemming (Lemmus lemmus) winter nests and DNA analysis of faeces to further understand predator–prey dynamics in Northern Sweden
Authors: Vigués Jan , Menci Silvia , Wilkinson Caitlin , Le Vaillant Maryline , Angerbjörn Anders , Norén Karin
Published: November 2021

The hypothesis that predation is the cause of the regular small rodent population oscillations observed in boreal and Arctic regions has long been debated. Within this hypothesis, it is proposed that the most likely predators to cause these destabilizing effects are sedentary specialists, with small mustelids being possible candidates. One such case would be the highly specialized least weasel (Mustela nivalis) driving the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) cycle in Fennoscandia. These predators are often elusive and therefore distribution data can only be based on field signs, which is problematic when various mustelid species are sympatric, such as weasels and stoats (Mustela erminea). Here we present the results of using mustelid faeces in predated winter lemming nests to correctly identify the predator and thus discern which species exerts the strongest predation pressure on lemming winter populations. Samples were obtained during different phases in the lemming cycle, spanning 6 years, to account for different prey densities. Faecal mitochondrial DNA extraction and amplification of a 400-bp fragment was successful in 92/114 samples (81%); the sequencing of these samples proved that most predation occurrences (83%) could be attributed to the least weasel. These findings support the hypothesis that weasels in particular show high specificity in predation and could therefore be candidates to driving the lemming cycle in this area. We conclude that DNA analysis of faecal remains around predated nests can be a useful tool for further investigations concerning predator–prey interactions in the tundra.
Attribution of the seasonality of atmospheric heating changes over the western tropical Pacific with a focus on the spring season
Authors: Lin Shuheng , Yang Song , He Shan , Li Zhenning , Chen Jiaxin , Dong Wenjie , Wu Jiaxue
Published: November 2021

Atmospheric diabatic heating, a major driving force of atmospheric circulation over the tropics, is strongly confined to the tropical western North Pacific (TWNP) region, with the global warmest sea surface temperature (SST). The changes in diabatic heating over the TWNP, which exert great impacts on the global climate system, have recently exhibited a noticeable seasonal dependence with a remarkable increase in boreal spring. In this study, we applied observations, reanalysis data, and numerical experiments to investigate the causes of the seasonality in heating changes. Results show that in boreal spring convection is more sensitive to the TWNP SST, leading to a more significant enhancement of deep convection, although the increase in the SST is nearly the same as that in the other seasons. In the non-spring seasons, the enhanced convection due to increased local SST is suppressed by the anomalous anticyclonic wind shear over the TWNP, generated by the easterly wind anomalies induced by the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming via the Kevin waves. However, the TIO warming does not show any suppressing effect in spring because it is much weaker than that in the other seasons and thus the warming itself cannot induce sufficient convective heating anomalies to excite the Kelvin waves.
The impact of nutritional risk factors and sarcopenia on survival in patients treated with pelvic exenteration for recurrent gynaecological malignancy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seebacher Veronika , Rockall Andrea , Nobbenhuis Marielle , Sohaib S. Aslam , Knogler Thomas , Alvarez Rosa M. , Kolomainen Desiree , Shepherd John H. , Shaw Clare , Barton Desmond P.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The aim of the present study is to investigate the prognostic significance of nutritional risk factors and sarcopenia on the outcome of patients with recurrent gynaecological malignancies treated by pelvic exenteration.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated muscle body composite measurements based on pre-operative CT scans, nutritional risk factors as assessed by a validated pre-operative questionnaire, and clinical–pathological parameters in 65 consecutive patients with recurrent gynaecological malignancies, excluding ovarian cancer, treated by pelvic exenteration at the Royal Marsden Hospital London. Predictive value for postoperative morbidity was investigated by logistic regression analyses. Relevant parameters were included in uni- and multivariate survival analyses.

Results

We found only (1) low muscle attenuation (MA)—an established factor for muscle depletion—and (2) moderate risk for malnutrition to be independently associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.006 and p = 0.008, respectively). MA was significantly lower in overweight and obese patients (p = 0.04). Muscle body composite measurements were not predictive for post-operative morbidity.

Conclusion

The study suggests that pre-operative low MA and moderate risk for malnutrition are associated with shorter survival in patients with recurrent gynaecological malignancies treated with pelvic exenteration. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Papillary lesions of the breast
Authors: Kulka Janina , Madaras Lilla , Floris Giuseppe , Lax Sigurd F.
Published: November 2021

Papillary lesions of the breast represent a heterogeneous group of lesions including benign papillomas, papillomas with focal epithelial atypia, fully fledged ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular neoplasia, papillary DCIS, encapsulated papillary carcinomas without or with invasion, solid papillary carcinomas, and invasive papillary carcinomas. A micropapillary pattern characterized by lack of fibrous stalks within the papillae is observed in micropapillary DCIS and invasive micropapillary carcinoma. In addition, a variety of other rare breast lesions reveals a papillary architecture such as tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, and secretory carcinoma. In addition, benign lesions such as usual ductal hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, gynecomastia, and juvenile papillomatosis may show a papillary or micropapillary architecture. Fragments of a benign papilloma in a breast biopsy are considered a lesion of uncertain malignant potential (B3 in the European classification) and excision is mostly recommended. Although the knowledge about molecular pathology of papillary breast lesions has increased, there is not sufficient evidence for diagnostically useful molecular features, yet. The aim of this review is to provide an update on papillary and micropapillary lesions with emphasis on problematic areas for daily diagnostic work including biopsies.
Comparative analysis of postoperative pain after transvaginal hybrid NOTES versus traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in obese patients
Authors: Bulian Dirk R. , Walper Sebastian , Richards Dana C. , Schulz Sissy-A. , Seefeldt Claudia S. , Thomaidis Panagiotis , Meyer-Zillekens Jurgen , Heiss Markus M.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Even though obesity is a known risk factor for needing cholecystectomy, most research excludes patients with higher degrees of obesity. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare postoperative pain and analgesic consumption in obese patients, who underwent either transvaginal hybrid Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) cholecystectomy (NC) or traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods

Between 12/2008 and 01/2017, 237 NC were performed, of which 35 (14.8%) showed a body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m2 or more (obesity II and III according to the World Health Organization). Of these, procedural time, postoperative pain, analgesic requirements, and other early postoperative parameters were collected and compared with 35 matched LC patients from the same time period.

Results

There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups, but we found significant benefits for the hybrid NOTES technique in terms of less pain (P = 0.006), coherent with significantly less intake of peripheral (paracetamol; P = 0.005), and of centrally acting analgesics (piritramide; P = 0.047) within the first two-day post-surgery. We also found that those in the NC group had shorter hospital stays (P < 0.001). The postoperative complication rates and the procedural time did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion

With regard to postoperative pain and analgesic requirements and without an increase in postoperative complications, obese patients experience short-term benefits from the hybrid NOTES technique compared to traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Modeling of COVID-19 propagation with compartment models
Authors: Bärwolff Günter
Published: November 2021

The current pandemic is a great challenge for several research areas. In addition to virology research, mathematical models and simulations can be a valuable contribution to the understanding of the dynamics of the pandemic and can give recommendations to both physicians and politicians. In this paper we give an overview about mathematical models to describe the pandemic by differential equations. As a matter of principle the historic origin of the epidemic growth models will be remembered. Moreover we discuss models for the actual pandemic of 2020/2021. This will be done based on actual data of people infected with COVID-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), input parameters of mathematical models will be determined and applied. These parameters will be estimated for the UK, Italy, Spain, and Germany and used in a SIR-type model. As a basis for the model’s calibration, the initial exponential growth phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the named countries is used. Strategies for the commencing and ending of social and economic shutdown measures are discussed. To respect heterogeneity of the people density in the different federal states of Germany diffusion effects are considered.
The Association of Distinct Social Determinants of Health with Added Sweetener Knowledge and Consumption in a U.S. Sample of People Living with HIV
Authors: Kileel Emma M. , Dickins Kirsten A. , Zheng Hui , Fitch Kathleen V. , Looby Sara E.
Published: November 2021

Prior studies in people living with HIV (PLWH) suggest added sweetener intake exceeds recommendations and associates with cardiometabolic abnormalities. Little is known of factors that associate with increased sweetener consumption in PLWH. This cross-sectional study explored knowledge and consumption of added sweeteners and associations of social determinants of health (SDoH) among 900 PLWH residing in the United States. Demographics, SDoH, and added sweetener knowledge and consumption were assessed via an online survey, multivariable analyses were completed. Results demonstrate that sex, race, and low educational level associated with lower sweetener knowledge. Race, age, body mass index, income, limited access to fresh fruits/vegetables, and low sweetener knowledge associated with higher sweetener consumption. Findings highlight the need for consideration of specific demographics and inequitable social circumstances when developing nutrition lifestyle strategies, inclusive of added sweetener education, that are feasible and sustainable across diverse community settings of PLWH.
Learning-by-Teaching Without Audience Presence or Interaction: When and Why Does it Work?
Authors: Lachner Andreas , Hoogerheide Vincent , van Gog Tamara , Renkl Alexander
Published: November 2021

Teaching the contents of study materials by providing explanations to fellow students can be a beneficial instructional activity. A learning-by-teaching effect can also occur when students provide explanations to a real, remote, or even fictitious audience that cannot be interacted with. It is unclear, however, which underlying mechanisms drive learning by non-interactive teaching effects and why several recent studies did not replicate this effect. This literature review aims to shed light on when and why learning by non-interactive teaching works. First, we review the empirical literature to comment on the different mechanisms that have been proposed to explain why learning by non-interactive teaching may be effective. Second, we discuss the available evidence regarding potential boundary conditions of the non-interactive teaching effect. We then synthesize the available empirical evidence on processes and boundary conditions to provide a preliminary theoretical model of when and why non-interactive teaching is effective. Finally, based on our model of learning by non-interactive teaching, we outline several promising directions for future research and recommendations for educational practice.
Is bog water chemistry affected by increasing N and S deposition from oil sands development in Northern Alberta, Canada?
Authors: Wieder R. Kelman , Vile Melanie A. , Scott Kimberli D. , Quinn James C. , Albright Cara M. , McMillen Kelly J. , Herron Caitlyn , Fillingim Hope
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen and sulfur emissions from oil sands operations in northern Alberta, Canada have resulted in increasing deposition of N and S to the region’s ecosystems. To assess whether a changing N and S deposition regime affects bog porewater chemistry, we sampled bog porewater at sites at different distances from the oil sands industrial center from 2009 to 2012 (10-cm intervals to a depth of 1 m) and from 2009 to 2019 (top of the bog water table only). We hypothesized that: (1) as atmospheric N and S deposition increases with increasing proximity to the oil sands industrial center, surface porewater concentrations of NH4+, NO3−, DON, and SO42− would increase and (2) with increasing N and S deposition, elevated porewater concentrations of NH4+, NO3−, DON, and SO42− would be manifested increasingly deeper into the peat profile. We found weak evidence that oil sands N and S emissions affect bog porewater NH4+-N, NO3−-N, or DON concentrations. We found mixed evidence that increasing SO42− deposition results in increasing porewater SO42− concentrations. Current SO42− deposition, especially at bogs closest to the oil sands industrial center, likely exceeds the ability of the Sphagnum moss layer to retain S through net primary production, such that atmospherically deposited SO42− infiltrates downward into the peat column. Increasing porewater SO42− availability may stimulate dissimilatory sulfate reduction and/or inhibit CH4 production, potentially affecting carbon cycling and gaseous fluxes in these bogs.
WeChat mobile-payment-based smart retail customer experience: an integrated framework
Authors: Sun Yinglu , Xue Wei , Bandyopadhyay Subir , Cheng Dong
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of WeChat mobile-payment (m-payment)-based smart technologies in improving the retail customer experience and to develop an integrated framework of the smart retail customer experience including antecedents, consequences, and moderators. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) paradigm, we investigated the relationships among socio-technical stimuli, the smart retail customer experience, and relationship quality. We also developed hypotheses regarding the moderating role of customer lifetime value (CLV), which is considered an important customer characteristic. The proposed framework was empirically tested based on transaction and survey data of 462 WeChat m-payment retail customers. The results showed the following. (1) WeChat m-payment-based smart retail technology can enhance the customer experience by improving customer-perceived relationship orientation, employee-customer interaction, and communication effectiveness. (2) CLV has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between socio-technical stimuli and the customer experience. (3) The customer experience has a positive influence on relationship quality in the retail industry. Retail managers should make full use of smart retail technologies to improve the customer experience. In addition, they should emphasize the increase in CLV, as this increase enhances the positive relationship between socio-technical stimuli and the customer experience, making customer experience management more efficient.
Understanding the Origins of Problem Geomagnetic Storms Associated with “Stealth” Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Nitta Nariaki V. , Mulligan Tamitha , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Lynch Benjamin J. , Mierla Marilena , O’Kane Jennifer , Pagano Paolo , Palmerio Erika , Pomoell Jens , Richardson Ian G. , Rodriguez Luciano , Rouillard Alexis P. , Sinha Suvadip , Srivastava Nandita , Talpeanu Dana-Camelia , Yardley Stephanie L. , Zhukov Andrei N.
Published: November 2021

Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed “stealth CMEs”. In this review, we focus on these “problem” geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and stealthy. We start by reviewing evidence for stealth CMEs discussed in past studies. We then identify several moderate to strong geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst $< -50$
<
−
50
 nT) in solar cycle 24 for which the related solar sources and/or CMEs are unclear and apparently stealthy. We discuss the solar and in situ circumstances of these events and identify several scenarios that may account for their elusive solar signatures. These range from observational limitations (e.g., a coronagraph near Earth may not detect an incoming CME if it is diffuse and not wide enough) to the possibility that there is a class of mass ejections from the Sun that have only weak or hard-to-observe coronal signatures. In particular, some of these sources are only clearly revealed by considering the evolution of coronal structures over longer time intervals than is usually considered. We also review a variety of numerical modelling approaches that attempt to advance our understanding of the origins and consequences of stealthy solar eruptions with geoeffective potential. Specifically, we discuss magnetofrictional modelling of the energisation of stealth CME source regions and magnetohydrodynamic modelling of the physical processes that generate stealth CME or CME-like eruptions, typically from higher altitudes in the solar corona than CMEs from active regions or extended filament channels.
Mortality-based definition of renal hyperfiltration in middle-aged men: a 35-year cohort from Finland
Authors: Ould Setti Mounir , Kacimi Salah Eddine Oussama , Niskanen Leo , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
Published: November 2021

Background

While the impact of low glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on various outcomes has been extensively studied, the other adverse occurrence, renal hyperfiltration (RHF), remains understudied, poorly defined, and, therefore, its impact on mortality unestablished.

Methods

Using a population-based subcohort from the Kuopio Ischaemic Disease Risk Factor Study restricted to non-diabetic Finnish men aged 54 or 55 years, we followed up n = 1179 study participants for up to 35 years. We evaluated the hazard of all-cause mortality associated to RHF at different cutoff points defining eGFR. Based on models’ accuracy we suggested an optimal eGFR cutoff point for the definition of RHF. We divided the RHF category to three subgroups and evaluated them in terms of baseline characteristics and mortality hazard.

Results

The eGFR value of 97 mL/min/1.73 m2 corresponded to the models with the highest accuracy. Overall RHF associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21 to 1.67). Moderate RHF associated with a decreased HR of mortality when compared to mild (0.64; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.9) or to extreme RHF (0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85), suggesting a rather U-shaped relationship between RHF’s eGFR values and mortality hazard.

Conclusion

The burden of increased eGFR within what is still considered normal eGFR category was highly underestimated. RHF’s eGFR values had a U-shaped association with the risk of overall mortality. A more uniform consensual definition of RHF is needed, as higher to normal eGFR values that are not without consequences.
Inanspruchnahme von gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven Angeboten für Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Dingoyan Demet , Metzner Franka , Usko Nicole , Krause Nina Ricarda , Kofahl Christopher
Published: November 2021

Ziel der Studie

Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund bilden eine heterogene Bevölkerungsgruppe, die sich in Bezug auf Gesundheitszustand und Gesundheitsverhalten, z. B. hinsichtlich der geringeren Inanspruchnahme von gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven Maßnahmen, von der Bevölkerung ohne Migrationshintergrund unterscheidet. Die Studie untersucht Anliegen sowie hinderliche und förderliche Faktoren, die die Inanspruchnahme von gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven Angeboten durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund beeinflussen.

Methodik

Problemzentrierte Expert:inneninterviews mit sieben Fachkräften von Migrant:innenselbstorganisationen in Deutschland wurden durchgeführt und mithilfe einer strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Als hinderliche Faktoren in der Inanspruchnahme gesundheitsfördernder und präventiver Maßnahmen durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund zeigten sich insbesondere existenzielle Nöte, mangelndes Vertrauen, kulturelle Barrieren, Kommunikationsprobleme, Wissensdefizite, Schamgefühle sowie Diskriminierungserfahrungen. Die Expert:innen betonten die Bedeutung niedrigschwelliger Angebote, kultursensibler Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und einer guten Vernetzung mit den „Communities“.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse bestätigen bekannte Herausforderungen und liefern darüber hinaus weitere Hinweise zur gelingenden Umsetzung von gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven Maßnahmen für Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund.
Irreparable Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen: Einfluss der Rupturmorphologie auf die aktive Beweglichkeit
Authors: Braun Stefan , Koch Matthias , Magosch Petra , Königshausen Matthias , Moroder Philipp , Greiner Stefan
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund

Irreparable Rotatorenmanschettenmassenrupturen (RMM-Rupturen) haben einen Anteil von bis zu 40 % an allen Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen (RM-Ruptur). Das klinische Beschwerdebild variiert ebenso wie die Verletzungsmorphologie. Entsprechend wird in der Studie der Einfluss der Rupturmorphologie auf die aktive Schulterbeweglichkeit untersucht.

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen einer multizentrisch angelegten Studie wurden retrospektiv 178 Patientenfälle untersucht. Die Rupturmorphologie wurde anhand eines MRT ermittelt und in anterosuperiore sowie posterosuperiore 2‑ bzw. 3‑Sehnen-Rupturen unterteilt. Weiterhin wurde die muskulotendinöse Läsion hinsichtlich der Sehnenretraktion, Rupturausdehnung und fettigen Muskeldegeneration beschrieben. Die aktive Schulterbeweglichkeit wurde klinisch ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Die 3‑Sehnen-Rupturen gehen mit einer größeren Einschränkung der Abduktionsbeweglichkeit und in einem geringeren Umfang auch der Anteversionsbeweglichkeit einher als 2‑Sehnen-Rupturen. Eine signifikante Rolle spielen dabei insbesondere posterosuperiore 3‑Sehnen-Rupturen, welche alleine eine Beteiligung der Teres-minor-Sehne inkludieren. Die Innenrotationsfähigkeit wird v. a. durch anteriore Verletzungsmuster mit Beteiligung der Subscapularissehne beeinflusst. Bei 2‑Sehnen-Rupturen ist dieser Einfluss signifikant. Die Außenrotationsfähigkeit zeigt keinen klinisch relevanten Zusammenhang mit der Rupturmorphologie.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Abduktionsfähigkeit hängt mit der Zahl der betroffenen Sehnen zusammen. Hierbei zeigen posterosuperiore 3‑Sehnen-Verletzungen mit Beteiligung der Teres-minor-Sehne einen signifikanten reduzierenden Einfluss. Die Innenrotationsfähigkeit wird wesentlich durch anteriore Verletzungsmuster mit Beteiligung der Subscapularissehne beeinträchtigt. Die RM-Qualität (Muskel- und Sehnenstatus) der betroffenen Rupturanteile zeigte sich dagegen weniger relevant für die aktive Schulterbeweglichkeit.
Capacity of honeybees to remove heavy metals from nectar and excrete the contaminants from their bodies
Authors: Borsuk Grzegorz , Sulborska Aneta , Stawiarz Ernest , Olszewski Krzysztof , Wiącek Dariusz , Ramzi Noor , Nawrocka Agnieszka , Jędryczka Małgorzata
Published: November 2021

We examined the residues of 13 elements in soil, plant parts, nectar, bee heads, thorax, and abdomens, feces from bee guts, and bee products sampled from two Polish cities (Lublin and Poznań). Our findings indicated that bees have an extraordinary ability to remove metals from nectar when converting nectar into honey. Compared to nectar, honey contained 40-fold lower Fe, 26-fold lower Zn, and eightfold lower Cu and Cd levels, indicating removal of these elements via nectar processing, during which water is evaporated and complex sugars are decomposed into simple ones. The amount of Pb remained unchanged; however, it can also be regarded as a fourfold decrease due to water evaporation from honey, compared to nectar. Some portion of the ingested Fe, Cu, and Zn was used by bees, and the excess amounts were excreted in feces. All analyzed elements were present as biocomplexes transported from the alimentary tract through the abdomen to the thorax and head. Elements transferred in the alimentary tract were partially immobilized/metabolized in the bee fat body, and their residues were excreted with feces from the gut. We postulate that honey is not a good indicator of environmental pollution, as a high amount of elements is removed by bees from their bodies.
Development and validation of the Relational Skills Inventory for Adolescents
Authors: Fortin Andréanne , Hébert Martine , Paradis Alison , Fortin Laurie
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Dating violence prevention initiatives are intended, not only to reduce the occurrence of violent behaviors, but also to promote the development of positive dating relational skills starting in adolescence. However, despite the growing interest in examining adolescent relational skills in adolescents, no specific measure is yet available to assess post program gains relative to dating violence prevention and intervention. The current study addressed this important gap in dating relationships research by developing and validating a new measure of relational skills for adolescents.

Methods

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two samples of French‐speaking dating adolescents from Quebec, Canada (n1 = 384; n2 = 687).

Results

Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three‐factor structure reflecting constructs of Assertiveness, Support and Individuality (α = 0.69‐0.81). Results also support evidence of convergent validity with related measures. The three‐factor structure was cross‐validated among a second sample (α = 0.74‐0.79). Two‐way ANCOVAs were also conducted to examine differences in levels of relational skills as a function of sex and previous dating violence perpetration. Results indicated that girls reported higher levels of assertiveness than boys, and that adolescents who reported the use of dating violence also reported lower levels of all relational skills.

Conclusion

The validation of the Relational Skills Inventory for Adolescents (RSI‐A) will help researchers assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting the development of positive dating relationships during adolescence.
She Is Weeping
Authors: Gutarra Cordero Dannelle
Published: November 2021

Dannelle Gutarra Cordero's expansive study incorporates writers, cultural figures and intellectuals from antiquity to the present day to analyze how discourses on emotion serve to create and maintain White supremacy and racism. Throughout history, scientific theories have played a vital role in the accumulation of power over colonized and racialized people. Scientific intellectual discourses on race, gender, and sexuality characterized Blackness as emotionally distinct in both deficiency and excess, a contrast with the emotional benevolence accorded to Whiteness. Ideas on racialized emotions have simultaneously driven the development of devastating body politics by enslaving structures of power. Bold and thought provoking, She Is Weeping provides a new understanding of racialized emotions in the Atlantic World, and how these discourses proved instrumental to the rise of slavery and racial capitalism, racialized sexual violence, and the expansion of the carceral state.
Prestige or Perish: Publishing Decisions in Academic Archaeology
Authors: Beck Jess , Gjesfjeld Erik , Chrisomalis Stephen
Published: November 2021

Success in academic archaeology is strongly influenced by the publication of peer-reviewed articles. Despite the importance of such articles, minimal research has explicitly examined the factors influencing publishing decisions in archaeology. In order to better understand the landscape of archaeological publishing, we distributed a short survey that solicited basic professional and demographic information before asking respondents to (1) identify journals that publish important archaeological research, (2) identify journals that people who read archaeological academic CVs value most highly, and (3) rank the factors that affected their decisions about where to submit an article for publication. Our results from 274 respondents generated a list of 167 individual journal titles. Prestige was viewed as the most important factor that affected publishing decisions, followed by audience and open access considerations. There was no relationship between respondent-generated journal rankings and SCImago Journal Ranks (SJR), but there were significant differences in average SJR by gender and career stage. Responses showed consensus on only a small number of highly ranked archaeology and science-subject journals, with little agreement on the importance of most other journals. We conclude by highlighting the areas of disciplinary consensus and divergence revealed by the survey and by discussing how implicit prestige hierarchies permeate academic archaeology.
Brief ‘Appetitive Trait Tailored Intervention’: Development in a Sample of Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Hunot-Alexander Claudia , Croker Helen , Fildes Alison , Johnson Fiona , Beeken Rebecca J.
Published: November 2021

Appetitive traits are associated with weight and could be managed using behavioural strategies. Personalised approaches to weight loss could use a person's appetitive trait profile to tailor weight management advice. This study aimed to explore participants’ experiences of a brief Appetitive Trait Tailored Intervention (ATTI) based on participants’ Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ) scores. The ATTI was developed using strategies from modified Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and behaviour change techniques. Acceptability testing of the ATTI was carried out with participants (body mass index ≥25) who completed the AEBQ online and were sent their appetitive trait profile and corresponding weight loss tips via e-mail. Participants were asked to follow the tips for 8 weeks and following the tips, perceived helpfulness, barriers, and initial and final body weight. Qualitative interviews explored their experiences. Thirty-seven participants provided feedback and reported the majority of the tips to be helpful. Thirty-two participants (92.5% female) provided their final weight; 10 reported weight loss ≥5% of initial weight. Qualitative interviews (n= 21) revealed that tailoring was seen as novel and participants felt that the ATTI increased their self-awareness and encouraged behavioural changes. The low intensity of the ATTI limited engagement for some. The ATTI is an acceptable, novel approach to weight management.
Aporias of Blame and Punishment in Simone de Beauvoir's “Œil pour Œil”
Authors: Levy Lior
Published: November 2021

This essay concerns Simone de Beauvoir's analysis of blame and punishment in “Œil pour œil” and the irreconcilable tensions that haunt it. I study these tensions—between the desire to blame and punish and the inability to provide moral justification for these practices—and locate their source in Beauvoir's conception of ethics inPour une morale de l'ambiguïté. According to my reading, her ethics implies that violence violates freedom, the grounding principle of ethical life. Retaliatory and retributive judgments and the punishment they uphold, regardless of whether they are exerted by individuals or by official state powers, are forms of violence and are therefore unjustifiable. The aporias of blame and punishment in “Œil pour œil” suggest that Beauvoir's ideal of ethics necessitates an abolitionist position regarding punishment. The essay ends with a reflection on the affinity between the position constructed from Beauvoir's work and feminist abolitionist theories that seek to undermine the legal, social, and political institutions that perpetuate, rather than resolve, economic, racial, gender, sex, and class inequality.
Female Freedom andThe Neapolitan Novels(Part 1)
Authors: Shpall Sam
Published: November 2021

This essay begins to develop a philosophical interpretation of Elena Ferrante'sL'amica geniale, a work of fiction that is known in English asThe Neapolitan Novels. My ultimate aim is to explore the work's ambitious moral psychology, and particularly its subtle conceptualization of women's path to freedom. I begin by reconstructing some of the main ideas of Italian difference feminism as they are expressed in the texts of the Milan Women's Bookstore Collective—texts that are controversial milestones of Italian social theory, yet are relatively unknown outside of Italy. I then show how these ideas provide a useful frame of reference for interpreters of Ferrante's novel. This discussion sets up a more extended analysis (in part 2 of this essay) of the special status of Lila Cerullo, her strange condition ofsmarginatura(“dissolving boundaries”), and the import of her puzzling earthquake speech.
The Politics of Legal Abortion: From Direct Action to Dialogue
Authors: Gauthier Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2021

In her highly influential 1984 study Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood, Kristin Luker speculates that opposition to legal abortion among women was likely to be strongest among those who were full-time homemakers without a college education (Luker 1984, 163). But despite a marked decline in that demographic group and a well-documented rise in public support for gender equality since then, the rate of support for legal abortion has remained stubbornly fixed at between fifty and fifty-five percent (Shields 2012). This tepid support has coincided with a steep decline in abortion services in rural states, and ever more sweeping restrictions on abortion being tested in the courts (Rose 2006, 89). Karissa Haugeberg's Women against Abortion and Katie Watson's Scarlet A both seek to address this state of affairs, albeit in markedly different ways. Haugeberg provides a historical chronicle of the motives and strategies of certain key women activists in the fight against legal abortion, with an eye toward how their concerns “came to serve as blueprints to legislators and judges who continue to craft policies and laws that erode women's right to abortion” (Haugeberg, 8). Katie Watson draws upon her experience as an attorney and bioethicist to write a guide “intended to encourage and equip you to engage in respectful, productive, private conversation about your experience with, and opinion of, abortion” (Watson, 37). Though both authors reveal their support for legal abortion, both are concerned to understand the motives and goals of those who fight against it.
The formation of planetary systems with SPICA
Authors: Kamp I. , Honda M. , Nomura H. , Audard M. , Fedele D. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Aikawa Y. , Banzatti A. , Bowey J.E. , Bradford M. , Dominik C. , Furuya K. , Habart E. , Ishihara D. , Johnstone D. , Kennedy G. , Kim M. , Kral Q. , Lai S.-P. , Larsson B. , McClure M. , Miotello A. , Momose M. , Nakagawa T. , Naylor D. , Nisini B. , Notsu S. , Onaka T. , Pantin E. , Podio L. , Riviere Marichalar P. , Rocha W. R. M. , Roelfsema P. , Shimonishi T. , Tang Y.-W. , Takami M. , Tazaki R. , Wolf S. , Wyatt M. , Ysard N.
Published: November 2021

In this era of spatially resolved observations of planet-forming disks with Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and large ground-based telescopes such as the Very Large Telescope (VLT), Keck, and Subaru, we still lack statistically relevant information on the quantity and composition of the material that is building the planets, such as the total disk gas mass, the ice content of dust, and the state of water in planetesimals. SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) is an infrared space mission concept developed jointly by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and European Space Agency (ESA) to address these questions. The key unique capabilities of SPICA that enable this research are (1) the wide spectral coverage

$10{-}220\,\mu\mathrm{m}$

, (2) the high line detection sensitivity of

$(1{-}2) \times 10^{-19}\,\mathrm{W\,m}^{-2}$

with

$R \sim 2\,000{-}5\,000$

in the far-IR (SAFARI), and

$10^{-20}\,\mathrm{W\,m}^{-2}$

with

$R \sim 29\,000$

in the mid-IR (SPICA Mid-infrared Instrument (SMI), spectrally resolving line profiles), (3) the high far-IR continuum sensitivity of 0.45 mJy (SAFARI), and (4) the observing efficiency for point source surveys. This paper details how mid- to far-IR infrared spectra will be unique in measuring the gas masses and water/ice content of disks and how these quantities evolve during the planet-forming period. These observations will clarify the crucial transition when disks exhaust their primordial gas and further planet formation requires secondary gas produced from planetesimals. The high spectral resolution mid-IR is also unique for determining the location of the snowline dividing the rocky and icy mass reservoirs within the disk and how the divide evolves during the build-up of planetary systems. Infrared spectroscopy (mid- to far-IR) of key solid-state bands is crucial for assessing whether extensive radial mixing, which is part of our Solar System history, is a general process occurring in most planetary systems and whether extrasolar planetesimals are similar to our Solar System comets/asteroids. We demonstrate that the SPICA mission concept would allow us to achieve the above ambitious science goals through large surveys of several hundred disks within

$\sim\!2.5$

months of observing time.
14C GEOCHRONOLOGY AND RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR EFFECT OF REVIEWED LAKES STUDY IN CHINA
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Chui Yuda , Yang Ling , Cheng Peng , Chen Ning , Ming Guodong , Hu Yan , Li Wenli , Lu Xuefeng
Published: November 2021

Lacustrine sediments are important archives for paleoclimate research, but there are evident carbon reservoir effects. Radiocarbon (14C) ages of lake sediments must be corrected for these effects before applying them to paleoclimate research. The authors review the lacustrine research from the last 20 years from different climatic regions in China, and systematically investigate the 14C age and correction methods used in the studies of 81 lakes. It is found that the climate-vegetation cover and distribution of carbonate around lakes are dominant factor controlling radiocarbon reservoir effects. In eastern China, the average 14C reservoir age is about 500 14C years and is associated with relatively dense vegetation. However, in northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, widespread carbonate bedrock may markedly increase the radiocarbon reservoir age which frequently is about 1500 and 2500 14C years. A piecewise linear regression model provides more reliable 14C reservoir age correction that accounts for sedimentary facies and sedimentation rate changes. It is worth mentioning that when analyzing 14C ages deviated greatly from time sequence, the age anomalies may indicate important effects relevant to the study of climate and environmental changes.
RELATIVELY AMENABLE ACTIONS OF THOMPSON’S GROUPS
Authors: SCARPARO EDUARDO
Published: November 2021

We investigate the notion of relatively amenable topological action and show that the action of Thompson’s group T on
$S^1$
is relatively amenable with respect to Thompson’s group F. We use this to conclude that F is exact if and only if T is exact. Moreover, we prove that the groupoid of germs of the action of T on
$S^1$
is Borel amenable.
Seed production potential evaluation of sugar beet half-sib families in Morocco
Authors: Tobi G. , Benlhabib O. , Oumouss S. , Rahmouni I. , Douaik A. , Birouk A. , Bahloul Y. E.
Published: November 2021

In Morocco, sugar-beet seed production represents a new challenge to meet the main breeding programme goals. The identification of a suitable zone for plant vernalization represents a bottleneck for seed production. This study aimed chiefly at evaluating the vernalization aptitude of 18 sugar beet half-sib progenies. Trials were conducted during three selection cycles in a specifically chosen environment. The experimental site of Merchouch is 40 km south-east of Rabat city. Field trials design is according to an open-pollinated experimental block. Yield components and five phenological traits were recorded during the growing cycle and at the plant maturation. The variance analysis showed a significant effect of the selection cycle on the phenological traits and grain yield. The plant cycle duration increased by 10.7 days between the first and the third selection cycles. According to the principal component analysis and the hierarchical clustering, F2, F5, F6, F9, F10, F11, F14 and F15 half-sib progenies are described as long cycle and high grain yield families. Grain yield reached 257.3 g per plant, the duration to maturity 350.6 days and the germination rate 93%. The three selection cycles and the suitability of the site vernalization conditions are potentially effective for seed production progress. Our results are relevant as they established an adequate site for the sugar beet seed production. The half-sib selection is a valuable method for sugar beet germplasm enhancement.
Enterobiasis and its risk factors in urban, rural and indigenous children of subtropical Argentina
Authors: Rivero Maria Romina , De Angelo Carlos , Feliziani Constanza , Liang Song , Tiranti Karina , Salas Martin Miguel , Salomon Oscar Daniel
Published: November 2021

A cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and its associated factors among the child population of infant, preschool and school age in the urban, rural and indigenous population of Iguazú city, in subtropical Argentina was presented. Additionally, the status of enterobiasis at country level was reviewed and analysed. Enterobius vermicularis presence was assessed employing an oviscopic serial sampling technique. Statistical analysis of socio-demographic determinants was performed by generalized linear mixed models at individual, household and community levels. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used to gather national information about E. vermicularis prevalence spanning the decade 2010–2020. A total of 916 children from 470 families participated. Overall prevalence was 29.8%, with 25.3, 30.7 and 34.2% detected for children inhabiting urban, rural and indigenous villages, respectively. The multi-level analysis showed that the presence of E. vermicularis was mostly determined by individual (e.g. age, playing habits, previous pinworm infection) and household-level factors (e.g. family size, overcrowding conditions). Interestingly, WASH variables, such as waste disposal, analysed at community level were also important. Data were analysed to provide eco-epidemiological features of enterobiasis in a heterogeneous subtropical child population in the same territory but with different socio-sanitary realities. The importance of promoting multi-level actions against the determinants identified, to control this public health problem integratively was evidenced. The scoping review of national data updated the state of knowledge of this parasitosis, identifying risk determinants and gaps in knowledge at country level.
A Change from a Spinal Immobilization to a Spinal Motion Restriction Protocol was Not Associated with an Increase in Disabling Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Clemency Brian M. , Natalzia Peter , Innes Johanna , Guarino Sharon , Welch Jacob V. , Haghdel Arsalan , Noyes Ekaterina , Jordan Jeffery , Lindstrom Heather A. , Lerner E. Brooke
Published: November 2021

Background:

Over the past decade, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems decreased backboard use as they transition from spinal immobilization (SI) protocols to spinal motion restriction (SMR) protocols. Since this change, no study has examined its effect on the neurologic outcomes of patients with spine injuries.

Objectives:

The object of this study is to determine if a state-wide protocol change from an SI to an SMR protocol had an effect on the incidence of disabling spinal cord injuries.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of patients in a single Level I trauma center before and after a change in spinal injury protocols. A two-step review of the record was used to classify spinal cord injuries as disabling or not disabling. A binary logistic regression was used to determine the effects of protocol, gender, age, level of injury, and mechanism of injury (MOI) on the incidence of significant disability from a spinal cord injury.

Results:

A total of 549 patients in the SI period and 623 patients in the SMR period were included in the analysis. In the logistic regression, the change from an SI protocol to an SMR protocol did not demonstrate a significant effect on the incidence of disabling spinal injuries (OR: 0.78; 95% CI, 0.44 - 1.36).

Conclusion:

This study did not demonstrate an increase in disabling spinal cord injuries after a shift from an SI protocol to an SMR protocol. This finding, in addition to existing literature, supports the introduction of SMR protocols and the decreased use of the backboard.