bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testosterone supplementation increases red blood cell susceptibility to oxidative stress, decreases membrane deformability, and decreases survival after cold storage and transfusion
Authors: Tran Johnson , Jackman Rachael P. , Muench Marcus O. , Hazegh Kelsey , Bean Scott‐Wesley , Thomas Kimberly A. , Fang Fang , Page Grier , O'Connor Kim , Roubinian Nareg H. , Anawalt Bradley D. , Kanias Tamir
Published: June 2024

Background

Blood collection from donors on testosterone therapy (TT) is restricted to red blood cell (RBC) concentrates to avoid patient exposure to supraphysiological testosterone (T). The objective of this study was to identify TT‐related changes in RBC characteristics relevant to transfusion effectiveness in patients.

Study Design

This was a two‐part study with cohorts of patients and blood donors on TT. In part 1, we conducted longitudinal evaluation of RBCs collected before and at three time points after initiation of T. RBC assays included storage and oxidative hemolysis, membrane deformability (elongation index), and oximetry. In part 2, we evaluated the fate of transfused RBCs from TT donors in immunodeficient mice and by retrospective analyses of NIH's vein‐to‐vein databases.

Results

TT increased oxidative hemolysis (1.45‐fold change) and decreased RBC membrane deformability. Plasma free testosterone was positively correlated with oxidative hemolysis (r = .552) and negatively correlated with the elongation index (r = −.472). Stored and gamma‐irradiated RBCs from TT donors had lower posttransfusion recovery in mice compared to controls (41.6 ± 12 vs. 55.3 ± 20.5%). Recipients of RBCs from male donors taking T had 25% lower hemoglobin increments compared to recipients of RBCs from non‐TT male donors, and had increased incidence (OR, 1.80) of requiring additional RBC transfusions within 48 h of the index transfusion event.

Conclusions

TT is associated with altered RBC characteristics and transfusion effectiveness. These results suggest that clinical utilization of TT RBCs may be less effective in recipients who benefit from longer RBC survival, such as chronically transfused patients.
Effect of gadolinium contrast medium administration on susceptibility‐weighted imaging of the canine brain
Authors: Mugnai Martina , Auriemma Edoardo , Contiero Barbara , Franchini Delia , Zini Eric , Tirrito Federica
Published: June 2024

Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) is a gradient echo (GE) MRI sequence. Intravenous administration of gadolinium (Gd) may affect GE images, but its effect on SWI has not been investigated in veterinary medicine. This cross‐sectional prospective study evaluated the effects of Gd on SWI. Seventy‐one dogs that underwent brain MRI were included and distributed in two groups. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging was performed pre‐ and postcontrast, obtained immediately after Gd administration (Group A: n = 35) or delayed (Group B: n = 36; median delay 19.9 min). Pre‐ and post‐Gd SWI were analyzed for signal intensity changes in the lentiform nuclei of gray matter (GM), in the centrum semiovale of white matter (WM), and in brain lesions. No difference in GM signal intensity was identified in either group between pre‐ and postcontrast images (Group A, P = .395; Group B, P = .895). In group A, WM signal intensity was lower in pre‐ than post‐Gd sequences (P = .019). Brain lesions were identified in 30/71 (41%) cases; the signal intensity of intracranial lesions was significantly lower in pre‐ than post‐Gd images in both groups (P < .001); the number of lesions influenced the difference in signal intensity in group B (P = .043). Susceptibility artifacts did not change in appearance between pre‐ and postcontrast images in either the normal brain or in parenchymal lesions. In conclusion, Gd may modify the signal intensity of WM and brain lesions but does not affect the susceptibility artifacts and does not interfere with SWI interpretation.
An improved error term for counting D4$D_4$‐quartic fields
Authors: McGown Kevin J. , Tucker Amanda
Published: June 2024

We prove that the number of quartic fields with discriminant whose Galois closure is equals , improving the error term in a well‐known result of Cohen, Diaz y Diaz, and Olivier. We prove an analogous result for counting quartic dihedral extensions over an arbitrary base field.
Risk Analysis of Gas Pipeline in Karst Area Based on Multilevel Hierarchical Structure Model
Authors: Li Qiaochu , Zhang Peng , Chen Junhua
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a risk analysis method of gas pipeline in karst area based on the integrated model of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory–interpretive structural model (DEMATEL– ISM) method and the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) method is proposed. Based on causal chain theory and crossed track theory, the composite causal model of accidents is established from four dimensions of human, material, environment, and management. Based on the DEMATEL–ISM method, the hierarchical structure and causal relationship between risk factors are analyzed from the perspective of chain evolution, and the surface direct cause, middle indirect cause, and deep root cause of accidents are investigated. The MICMAC method is used to analyze the dependence degree and driving force of multivariate risk factors, and all factors are divided into four clusters: the independent cluster, the dependent cluster, the linkage cluster, and the spontaneous cluster. The work presented in this paper can provide a reference for the safety management and accident prevention of gas pipelines crossing the karst area.
Amblyomma multipunctum Neuman, 1899 (Acari: Ixodidae): new locality record and new association with Pudu (Pudella) mephistophiles (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in the Central Andes of Colombia

Authors: Cuéllar-Romero Camilo A. , Ospina-Pérez Erika M. , Ossa-López Paula A. , Pisso-Flórez Gustavo Adolfo , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Rivera-Páez Fredy A.
Published: June 2024

Amblyomma multipunctum is a poorly known Neotropical tick (Acari, Ixodidae) described in 1899. It has been found associated with large mammals such as tapirs (Tapirus), and the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus). Males, females and nymphs have been described; however, the larvae of the species remain unknown. Valid records for A. multipunctum are few and limited to three countries in northwestern South America: Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. In the present work, two partially engorged nymphs of A. multipunctum parasitizing the northern pudu, Pudu (Pudella) mephistophiles, were collected near to the Puracé National Natural Park, Department of Cauca, Colombia. Ticks were identified by morphology, with diagnostic characters such as scutum with multiple punctuations, two separate spurs in coxa I (the external being longer than the internal), a small triangular spur in coxae II–IV, spiracular plate triangular with rounded angles and a vestigial prolongation in article I of the palps. In addition, the taxonomical identity was validated using molecular evidence by PCR amplification of a fragment of the 16S rDNA gene, showing an identity percentage of 100% comparing with sequences in GenBank for A. multipunctum. This study reports the first association of A. multipunctum with P. mephistophiles, the extension of geographical distribution in Colombia, extending its elevational range by 644 m in the country, and contributing to the knowledge of the intraspecific variation of the tick nymph.
Contact stress decomposition in large amplitude oscillatory shear of concentrated noncolloidal suspensions
Authors: Yanjie Wang , Xulong Xie , Tianpeng He , Sijun Liu , Wei Yu
Published: June 2024

The concentrated noncolloidal suspensions show complex rheological behavior, which is related to the existence of contact stress. However, determining the contact stress in time-varying flow like oscillatory shear is challenging. Herein, we propose a contact stress decomposition method to decompose the total stress directly into contact stress and hydrodynamic stress in large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). The results of hydrodynamic stress and contact stress are consistent with those determined by the shear reversal experiment. The contact stress decomposition also explains the failure of the Cox–Merz rule in noncolloidal suspensions because the particle contacts exist in steady shear but are absent in small amplitude oscillatory shear. The intracycle and intercycle of contact stress are further analyzed through the general geometric average method. The intracycle behaviors exhibit strain hardening, strain softening, and shear thickening. The intercycle behaviors show bifurcations in stress-strain and stress-strain rate relations, where the transition strains at different concentrations define the state boundaries between the discrete particle contacts, the growing of particle contacts, and the saturated contacts. We also established a phenomenological constitutive model using a structural parameter to describe the shear effect on the buildup and breakdown of particle contacts. The contact stress of noncolloidal suspensions with wide ranges of particle concentrations and strain amplitudes under LAOS can be well described by the model.
Coordination Dynamics in Motor Learning: Acquisition and Adaptation in a Serial Stimulus Tracking Task
Authors: Pacheco Matheus M. , Ambrósio Natália F.A. , Santos Fernando G. , Tani Go , Basso Luciano
Published: June 2024

The dynamics of mastering the degrees of freedom in motor learning are still far from being understood. The present work explored coordination dynamics in a redundant task, relating it to performance and adaptation in a serial stimulus tracking task. One hundred and sixty-three children (10–14 years of age) continuously responded to sequential stimuli (containing five stimuli) by pressing the respective sensors before the next stimulus presentation. Participants performed 120 trials with a fixed sequence (4–2–5–3–1) and a fixed interstimuli interval (800 ms) to learn the first pattern (practice phase). Then, a changed sequence (4–2–5–1–3) with a shorter interval (700 ms) was presented for 40 trials (adaptation phase). To measure coordination and its change, we calculated the correlation matrix of the stimulus–touch interval between the five sensors in blocks of 20 trials of the practice phase and classified individuals in terms of clusters. We found associations between coordination dynamics, performance curves, and adaptation in both coordination and performance. Furthermore, using network analyses, we found a tendency for all groups to increase the clustering coefficient. We discuss the possibility of this result representing a process of progressive segregation.
Lytic transglycosylase repertoire diversity enables intrinsic antibiotic resistance and daughter cell separation in
Escherichia coli
under acidic stress
Authors: Son Ji Eun , Park Si Hyoung , Choi Umji , Lee Chang-Ro
Published: June 2024

Peptidoglycan (PG) is an important architectural element that imparts physical toughness and rigidity to the bacterial envelope. It is also a dynamic structure that undergoes continuous turnover or autolysis.
Escherichia coli
possesses redundant PG degradation enzymes responsible for PG turnover; however, the advantage afforded by the existence of numerous PG degradation enzymes remains incompletely understood. In this study, we elucidated the physiological roles of MltE and MltC, members of the lytic transglycosylase (LTG) family that catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds between disaccharide subunits within PG strands. MltE and MltC are acidic LTGs that exhibit increased enzymatic activity and protein levels under acidic pH conditions, respectively, and deletion of these two LTGs results in a pronounced growth defect at acidic pH. Furthermore, inactivation of these two LTGs induces increased susceptibility at acidic pH against various antibiotics, particularly vancomycin, which seems to be partially caused by elevated membrane permeability. Intriguingly, inactivation of these LTGs induces a chaining morphology, indicative of daughter cell separation defects, only under acidic pH conditions. Simultaneous deletion of PG amidases, known contributors to daughter cell separation, exacerbates the chaining phenotype at acidic pH. This suggests that the two LTGs may participate in the cleavage of glycan strands between daughter cells under acidic pH conditions. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of LTG repertoire diversity in facilitating bacterial survival and antibiotic resistance under stressful conditions.
Identification of
Babesia microti
immunoreactive antigens by phage display cDNA screen
Authors: Hanada Toshihiko , Empitu Maulana A. , Mines Gregory I. , Ma Qianni , Omorodion Iziegbe L. , Link Ansel , Schwake Christopher J. , Krueger Rachel M. , DaRosa Nicholas S. , Levin Andrew E. , Vannier Edouard , Chishti Athar H.
Published: June 2024

Human babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by protozoan parasites of the genus
Babesia
.
Babesia microti
is responsible for most cases of human babesiosis in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and the Upper Midwest.
Babesia microti
is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected deer ticks but also through the transfusion of blood components, particularly red blood cells. There is a high risk of severe and even fatal disease in immunocompromised patients. To date, serology testing relies on an indirect immunofluorescence assay that uses the whole
Babesia microti
antigen. Here, we report the construction of phage display cDNA libraries from
Babesia microti
-infected erythrocytes as well as human reticulocytes obtained from donors with hereditary hemochromatosis. Plasma samples were obtained from patients who were or had been infected with
Babesia microti
. The non-specific antibody reactivity of these plasma samples was minimized by pre-exposure to the human reticulocyte library. Using this novel experimental strategy, immunoreactive segments were identified in three
Babesia microti
antigens termed BmSA1 (also called BMN1-9; BmGPI12), BMN1-20 (BMN1-17; Bm32), and BM4.12 (N1-15). Moreover, our findings indicate that the major immunoreactive segment of BmSA1 does not overlap with the segment that mediates BmSA1 binding to mature erythrocytes. When used in combination, the three immunoreactive segments form the basis of a sensitive and comprehensive diagnostic immunoassay for human babesiosis, with implications for vaccine development.
Fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal non-invasive biomarkers of
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
infection in ayu (
Plecoglossus altivelis
)
Authors: Takeuchi Mio , Fujiwara-Nagata Erina , Kuroda Kyohei , Sakata Kenji , Narihiro Takashi , Kikuchi Jun
Published: June 2024

With the rapid growth of inland aquaculture worldwide, side effects such as the discharge of nutrients and antibiotics pose a threat to the global environments. A sustainable future for aquaculture requires an effective management system, including the early detection of disease through the monitoring of specific biomarkers in aquaculture tanks. To this end, we investigated whether fish feces in aquaculture tanks could be used for non-invasive health monitoring using ayu (
Plecoglossus altivelis
) infected with
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
, which causes bacterial cold-water disease worldwide. Feces that were subsequently produced in the tanks were used for metagenomic and metabolomic analyses. The relative abundances of the genera
Cypionkella
(0.6% ± 1.0%, 0.1% ± 0.2%),
Klebsiella
(11.2% ± 10.0%, 6.2% ± 5.9%), and
F. psychrophilum
(0.5% ± 1.0%, 0.0% ± 0.0%) were significantly higher in the feces of the infection challenge test tanks than in those of the control tanks. The abundances of cortisol, glucose, and acetate in the feces of the infection challenge test tanks were 2.4, 2.4, and 1.3 times higher, respectively, than those of the control tanks. Metagenome analysis suggested that acetate was produced by microbes such as
Cypionkella
. The abundances of indicated microbes or metabolites increased after day 4 of infection at the earliest, and were thus considered possible biomarkers. Our results suggest that feces produced in aquaculture tanks can potentially be used for non-invasive and holistic monitoring of fish diseases in aquaculture systems.

IMPORTANCE

The aquaculture industry is rapidly growing, yet sustainability remains a challenge. One crucial task is to reduce losses due to diseases. Monitoring fish health and detecting diseases early are key to establishing sustainable aquaculture. Using metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, we found that feces of ayu infected with
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
contain various specific biomarkers that increased 4 days post-challenge, at the earliest. Our findings are the first step in establishing a novel, non-invasive, and holistic monitoring method for fish diseases in aquaculture systems, especially in ayu, which is an important freshwater fish species in Asia, promoting a sustainable future.
Tracing the possible evolutionary trends of
Morganella morganii
: insights from molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Wu Yun , Zhang Ge , Kang Wei , Wang Tong , Li Jin , Zhou Menglan , Zhang Li , Liu Yong , Xu Xuesong , Jia Xinmiao , Xu Yingchun , Liu Yali
Published: June 2024

Morganella morganii
, encompassing two subspecies,
subsp. morganii
and
subsp. sibonii
, is a common opportunistic pathogen, notable for intrinsic resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. Despite its clinical significance, research into the potential evolutionary dynamics of
M. morganii
remains limited. This study involved the analysis of genome sequences from 431
M
.
morganii
isolates, comprising 206 isolates that cause host infections, obtained from this study and 225 from the NCBI genome data sets. A diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was identified in
M. morganii
isolates, including
mcr-1
,
tet
(X4),
tmexCD-toprJ
, and various carbapenemase genes. In addition, a novel
bla
KPC-2
-bearing plasmid with demonstrated conjugative capability was discovered in
M. morganii
. The majority of virulence-related genes (VRGs), except for the
hlyCABD
gene cluster, were found in almost all
M. morganii
. Three novel genospecies of
M. morganii
were identified, designated as
M. chanii
,
M. variant1
, and
M. variant2
. Compared to
M. sibonii
,
M. chanii
genospecies possessed a greater number of flagellar-related genes, typically located within mobile genetic elements (MGEs), suggesting potential for better environmental adaptability. Phylogenetic analysis further disclosed that
M. morganii
was divided into 12 sequence clusters (SCs). Particularly, SC9 harbored an elevated abundance of ARGs and VRGs, mainly toxin-related genes, and was associated with a higher presence of MGEs compared to non-SC9 strains. The collective findings suggest that
M. morganii
undergoes evolution driven by the influence of MGEs, thereby significantly enhancing its adaptability to selective pressures of environmental changes and clinical antimicrobial agents.

IMPORTANCE

The growing clinical significance of
Morganella morganii
arises from its abundant virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes, resulting in elevated infection rates and increased clinical scrutiny. However, research on the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary trends of
M. morganii
has been scarce. Our study established a list of virulence-related genes (VRGs) for
M. morganii
and conducted a large-scale epidemiological investigation into these VRGs. Based on genomic classification, three novel genotypes of
M. morganii
were identified, representing evolutionary adaptations and responses to environmental challenges. Furthermore, we discovered the emergence of a sequence cluster enriched with antimicrobial resistance genes, VRGs, and mobile genetic elements, attributed to the selective pressure of antimicrobial agents. In addition, we identified a novel conjugative plasmid harboring the
bla
KPC-2
gene. These findings hold significance in monitoring and comprehending the epidemiology of
M. morganii
.
Supplemental Material: The role of Fe(II)-silicate gel in the generation of Archean and Paleoproterozoic chert
Authors: Tostevin R , Sevgen Serhat
Published: June 2024

Detailed description of methods, extended results showing the nature of the synthetic precipitate, FTIR results showing changes in the precipitate following sorption, and a discussion of potential controls on sorption behavior. 
Supplemental Material: Mantle structure, anisotropy, and dynamics of the Mendocino 16 Triple Junction, northern California, USA
Authors: Yang Ziqiang , et al.
Published: June 2024

Figs. S1–S33.
Supplemental Material: Age, sedimentology, and deformational history of the Mesozoic Franciscan accretionary complex, Angel Island, California, USA
Authors: Das Meghomita , et al.
Published: June 2024

File S1: Detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic ratios and best age data for all analyzed samples with their relevant concordia diagrams; Table S1: Isotopic ratios and best age data for all the samples; Table S2: Cobble counts of conglomerates from Kayak Beach metagraywacke and Sandy Springs arenite; Table S3: Point count and QFL modal percentages for the metaclastic units of Angel Island, and Angel Island metaclastic unit thin section scans (https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/DFORRT).
Supplemental Material: 3-D model reveals thermal decomposition as a potential driver of seismicity in the Apennines, Italy
Authors: Gunatilake Thanushika , Miller Stephen A. , al. et
Published: June 2024

Additional Figures for the remaining Profiles. Hypocentral distribution of the 2009 L’Aquila sequence and the 2016 AVN sequence with a close-up view. And calculated fluid-pressure superposed to the recorded seismic data.
Confronting multidrug-resistantKlebsiellameningitis after mid-clival Cerebrospinal Fluid leak repair: a therapeutic odyssey
Authors: Madoure Anbarasi , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan Dharanya , Mishra Tejaswi , Penubarthi Lokesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

A man in his 40s with type 2 diabetes mellitus had persistent right-sided watery nasal discharge for 6 months following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair at another hospital, prompting his visit to us due to recurring symptoms. Imaging revealed a CSF leak from the mid-clivus for which revision endoscopic CSF leak repair was done. Regrettably, he developed postoperative meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR)Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Managing this complex case was a challenging task due to the pathogen’s resistance to conventional drugs and the scarcity of scientific evidence. We initiated a culture-guided combination regimen with ceftazidime, avibactam, aztreonam and tigecycline. This decision stemmed from meticulous literature review and observed antibiotic synergy while testing for this organism.

After 4 weeks of vigilant treatment, the patient’s symptoms improved significantly, and CSF cultures were sterile. We present our approach to effectively confront and manage a challenging instance of postoperative MDR bacterial meningitis.
Tuberculosis immune reconstitution syndrome (TB-IRIS) followed by recurring lymphadenitis up to 8 years post-antituberculous treatment
Authors: Skouvig Pedersen Ole , Barkholt Trine Ørhøj , Horskær Madsen Stine , Rudolf Frauke
Published: June 2024

We present the case of a patient with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection who initially developed paradoxical TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) post-antituberculous treatment and post-antiretroviral therapy initiation. Despite being managed effectively, lymphadenitis recurred as many as three times over the course of several years. Due to consistent culture-negative lymph node biopsies, the recurring lymphadenitis was eventually deemed inflammatory rather than microbiological recurrences. Cessation of anti-TB treatment led to symptom remission followed by a long asymptomatic period, corroborating the immunological nature of the episodes. However, 5 and 6 years after cessation of anti-TB treatment, respectively, lymphadenitis returned. In both instances, her symptoms regressed without treatment with anti-TB drugs. This case underscores the complexities of managing TB-IRIS and the necessity of differentiating between paradoxical TB-IRIS and other paradoxical reactions for appropriate treatment decisions. Recognition of such distinctions is crucial in guiding effective therapeutic interventions in TB-HIV coinfection scenarios.
Clinical effectiveness of a modified muscle sparing posterior technique compared with a standard lateral approach in hip hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fractures (HemiSPAIRE): a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ball Susan , Aylward Alex , Cockcroft Emma , Corr Aisling , Gordon Elizabeth , Kerridge Alison , McAndrew Amy , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Powell Roy , Price Anna , Rhodes Shelley , Timperley Andrew John , van Horik Jayden , Wickins Robert , Charity John
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Assess the effect of a modified muscle sparing posterior approach; SPAIRE (Save Piriformis and Internus, Repairing Externus), in hip hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fractures on postoperative mobility and function compared with a standard lateral approach.

Design

Pragmatic, superiority, multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (with internal pilot). Participants, ward staff, and research staff conducting postoperative assessments were blinded to allocation. A CTU allocated treatments centrally using computer-generated lists.

Setting

Six hospitals in Southwest England, recruiting November 25, 2019–April 25, 2022.

Participants

244 adults (≥60 years) requiring hip hemiarthroplasty (122 allocated to each approach). 90 and 85 participants allocated to SPAIRE and lateral, respectively, had primary outcome data within the prespecified data collection window.

Interventions

Surgery using SPAIRE or standard lateral approach. Follow-up 3 days and 120 days postoperation.

Main outcome measure

Oxford Hip Score (OHS), via telephone at 120 days. Secondary outcomes: function and mobility (3 days), pain (3 days, 120 days), discharge destination, length of hospital stay, complications and mortality (within 120 days), quality of life and place of residence (120 days).

Results

Participants’ mean age was 84.6 years (SD 7.2); 168 (69%) were women. Primary outcome: little evidence of a difference in OHS at 120 days; adjusted mean difference (SPAIRE—lateral) −1.23 (95% CI −3.96 to 1.49, p=0.37). Secondary outcomes: indication of lower participant-reported pain at 3 days in SPAIRE arm; no differences between arms for remaining outcomes.

Conclusions

Participants’ mobility and function are similar in the short term (3 days) and longer term (120 days), whether receiving the SPAIRE or lateral approach. Neither approach confers benefit over the other in terms of length of hospital stay, return to prefracture residence, survival within 120 days, or quality of life at 120 days. Participants receiving SPAIRE approach may experience less pain in the early postoperative period. Modifying the posterior approach in hip hemiarthroplasty to the SPAIRE approach gives equivalent patient outcomes to the lateral approach within 120 days.

Trial registration number

NCT04095611.
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic analysis of p21 and EGFR in colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis on 12 319 cases in China
Authors: Fei Yang , Ma Mengke , Gan Lu , Xu Midie , Yang Yu , Huang Dan , Sheng Weiqi
Published: June 2024

Aims

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Accurate pathological diagnosis and predictive abilities for treatment response and prognosis are crucial for patients with CRC. This study aims to analyse the expressions of p21 and EGFR in CRC and their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis to enhance diagnostic and prognostic evaluations.

Methods

This study conducted a retrospective analysis of p21 and EGFR expressions in 12 319 Chinese patients with CRC using immunohistochemistry. The relationships between these expressions and clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were explored through statistical and survival analyses.

Results

Differential expressions of p21 and EGFR in CRC were closely related to clinicopathological characteristics and significantly impacted overall survival (OS). p21 expression was associated with the primary tumour site, mucinous subtype, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, circumferential resection margin, T stage, N stage, tumour, node, metastases (TNM) stage, and mismatch repair status. EGFR expression was related to mucinous subtype, tumour differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, tumour size, T stage, N stage, TNM stage andBRAFgene mutation. p21 and EGFR expressions were positively correlated (r=0.11). High p21 expression correlated with favourable OS, whereas high EGFR expression predicted poorer OS. A prognostic nomogram incorporating these biomarkers and clinical variables demonstrated robust predictive power for patient survival rates.

Conclusion

p21 and EGFR serve as potential indicators for pathological diagnosis, risk stratification, and predicting treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with CRC. The study’s findings provide valuable references for personalised treatment and prognosis evaluation in clinical practice.
Mechanical ventilation in a conscious male during exercise: a case report
Authors: Angus Sarah A. , Taylor Joshua L. , Mann Leah M. , Williams Alexandra M. , Stöhr Eric J. , Au Jason S. , Sheel A. William , Dominelli Paolo B.
Published: June 2024

We recently explored the cardiopulmonary interactions during partial unloading of the respiratory muscles during exercise. Expanding upon this work, we present a noteworthy case study whereby we eliminated the influence of respiration on cardiac function in a conscious but mechanically ventilated human during exercise. This human was a young healthy endurance-trained male who was mechanically ventilated during semi-recumbent cycle exercise at 75 Watts (W) (∼30% Wmax). During mechanically ventilated exercise, esophageal pressure was reduced to levels indistinguishable from the cardiac artefact which led to a 94% reduction in the power of breathing. The reduction in respiratory pressures and respiratory muscle work led to a decrease in cardiac output (−6%), which was due to a reduction in stroke volume (−13%), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (−15%), and left-ventricular end-systolic volume (−17%) that was not compensated for by heart rate. Our case highlights the influence of extreme mechanical ventilation on cardiac function while noting the possible presence of a maximal physiological limit to which respiration (and its associated pressures) impacts cardiac function when the power of breathing is maximally reduced.
A subtraction scheme for processes involving fragmentation functions at NLO
Authors: Zidi M. S. , Guillet J. Ph. , Schienbein I. , Zaraket H.
Published: June 2024

We present a novel subtraction method to remove the soft and collinear divergences at next-to-leading order for processes involving an arbitrary number of fragmentation functions, where this method acts directly in the hadronic centre-of-mass frame. We provide the analytical formulae of the subtraction terms in the general case where all the final state partons fragment to hadrons and for the two special cases when one of the partons of the final state does not fragment, i.e. it is a photon or involved in a jet.
Machine Learning Optimization of Target Velocity Curves in Hybrid Electric Trains
Authors: Ma Jinling , Zhang Jiye , Sui Hao
Published: June 2024

This study tackles the challenge of refining the target velocity curves for hybrid electric trains, governed primarily by onboard Automatic Train Operation (ATO) systems. These systems take into account various factors, such as the interstation line conditions and the specific traction and braking characteristics of hybrid trains. Traditional approaches, which rely on fixed speed–position sequences to navigate trains and ensure safety through the Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, struggle to adapt to dynamic environmental changes, leading to compromised operational efficiency. In response, our research adopts a machine learning framework, with a particular emphasis on reinforcement learning, to devise a real-time, flexible optimization model for determining the train’s target velocity curve. This model harnesses the potential of the double-depth Q network to enhance the optimization process. The primary objective is to improve the punctuality and energy efficiency of train operations while simultaneously increasing passenger comfort through better adaptation to environmental variations. Simulation results demonstrate that the newly optimized target velocity curve notably diminishes the on-time errors for hybrid trains and achieves approximately 0.98% in energy savings compared to traditional heuristic algorithms. These outcomes highlight the significant advantages of integrating sophisticated machine learning techniques like double-depth Q network to boost the efficiency and sustainability of hybrid electric train operations.
A Recurrent Stochastic Configuration Network for Dynamic System Modeling and Its Application
Authors: Yan Aijun , Guo Jingcheng
Published: June 2024

In order to model nonlinear dynamic systems quickly and accurately, a recurrent stochastic configuration network (RSCN) with universal approximation ability is proposed in this paper. The method consists of network parameter learning and network structure determination. The network parameter learning strategy consists of input weights and the biases of hidden nodes generated randomly through a supervision mechanism, while the output weights of hidden nodes are determined by solving the least-squares problem. The network structure is determined incrementally by the training error of a single-layer recurrent neural network. The effectiveness of RSCN is tested and evaluated by using three nonlinear dynamic functions and historical data from a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve modeling accuracy and reduce training time, which is valuable for applications in the field of industrial process modeling.
On the Crashworthiness of Single- and Multi-Cell Arched Beams Fabricated by Three-Point Bending Method
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Xiong Jinkang , Fu Xinrong
Published: June 2024

Single-cell arched beams show excellent energy absorption performances under transverse loads. However, the fabrication of arched beams with a perfect arc segment is relatively tricky and expensive by casting or additive manufacturing technology. In this paper, a simple three-point bending method is proposed for the fabrication of single- or multi-cell arched beams. Although indentation or concave is formed in the central region of arched beams during fabrication, the beams show even better energy absorption performances than the perfect arched beams. Static and dynamic three-point bending tests of the fabricated arched beams are first carried out, and numerical simulations of the fabrication process and the subsequent bending collapse are then performed. The influences of the fabrication factors on the performances of the arched beams are investigated. Arched beams with tube fillers and multi-cell sections can be easily fabricated by the proposed method, and the crashworthiness performances of these fabricated arched beams are significantly improved. In addition, the multi-cell arched beams fabricated by the present method exhibit excellent performances and outperform the arched beams with a perfect arc segment.
Graded Betti numbers of some bipartite graphs
Authors: Singh Pavinder , Gupta Nidhi , Anand Sonica
Published: June 2024

For [Formula: see text], a [Formula: see text]-firecracker graph, denoted by [Formula: see text], is obtained by concatenation of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-star graphs by connecting one leaf from each [Formula: see text]-star graph. Given a finite simple graph [Formula: see text], one can associate a simplicial complex [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we compute all the graded Betti numbers of the edge ideal [Formula: see text] of the firecracker graph [Formula: see text] by using the combinatorial data associated with the simplicial complex [Formula: see text] We also find the regularity of the ideals [Formula: see text]. Further, using the domination parameters of the graphs, we explicitly compute the projective dimension of [Formula: see text].
δ-(bi)derivations and transposed Poisson algebra structures on the n-th Schrödinger algebra
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Zhengxin
Published: June 2024

The [Formula: see text]-th Schrödinger algebra [Formula: see text] is the semidirect product of the Lie algebra [Formula: see text] with the [Formula: see text]-th Heisenberg Lie algebra [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we will show that [Formula: see text] has neither nontrivial [Formula: see text]-derivations nor nontrivial transposed Poisson algebra structures, and doesn’t have nonzero [Formula: see text]-biderivations. In addition, all [Formula: see text]-derivations and [Formula: see text]-biderivations on [Formula: see text] are all described.
Periodic and potent elements
Authors: Ma Guanglin , Leroy André , Nasernejad Mehrdad
Published: June 2024

In this paper, our main aim is to study periodic and potent elements of a ring. We specially study periodic elements of graded rings and generalize some classical results related to idempotent of polynomial rings. We show that a (von Neumann) quasi-inverse of a potent element is a root of unity. We study the isomorphism of potent elements and analyze some closure properties of the set [Formula: see text] of potent elements of a ring [Formula: see text]. The potent elements of the endomorphism ring of a Fitting module are described, and we apply this to matrices over division rings. In the case of matrices over finite fields, we connect features of potent elements with the exponent of their minimal polynomials.
The expansion behavior of the hyperbolic solution in f(R,G) gravity
Authors: Rabha Dhajendra , Baruah Rajshekhar Roy
Published: June 2024

In this study, our primary focus lies in meticulously exploring the intricacies of the universe by employing a flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model within the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity. In our analysis, the [Formula: see text] function is delineated as the sum of two distinct components, commencing with a quadratic correction of the geometric term denoted by [Formula: see text], structured as [Formula: see text], alongside a matter term denoted by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] symbolize the Ricci scalar and Gauss–Bonnet invariant, respectively. In the pursuit of solutions to the gravitational field equations within the [Formula: see text] formalism, we embrace a specific expression for the scale factor, represented as [Formula: see text] [D. Rabha and R. R. Baruah, The dynamics of a hyperbolic solution in [Formula: see text] gravity, Astron. Comput. 45 (2023) 100761]. In this context, the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] intricately shape the scale factor’s behavior. The model posits the intriguing prospect of perpetual cosmic acceleration when [Formula: see text], signifying a continuous expansion of the universe. Conversely, for [Formula: see text], the model proposes a pivotal transition from an early deceleration phase to the present accelerated epoch, a transformative shift in line with our understanding of cosmic evolution. Furthermore, the model demonstrates its credibility by satisfying Jean’s instability condition during the shift from a radiation-dominated era to a matter-dominated era, substantiating the formation of cosmic structures. In our analysis, a central focus is directed toward scrutinizing the equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] within our model. We delve into a comprehensive examination of the scalar field and meticulously assess the energy conditions surrounding the derived solution. To establish the robustness of our model, we deploy an array of diagnostic tools, including the Jerk, Snap, and Lerk parameters, along with the Om diagnostic, Classical stability of the model, and statefinder diagnostic tools, Observational Constraints on the Model Parameters. The outcomes, intertwined with a detailed analysis of both the results and the inherent intricacies of the model, are diligently clarified and presented.
Vapor pressure of tetrasubstituted metal phthalocyanines bearing fluorine substituents in non-peripheral positions
Authors: Bonegardt Dmitry V. , Trubin Sergei V. , Sukhikh Aleksandr S. , Klyamer Darya D. , Basova Tamara V.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the temperature dependence of the saturated vapor pressure of fluorosubstituted phthalocyanines with substituents in non-peripheral positions of the macroring, viz. MPcF4-np, M=Cu, Fe, Co, VO, was investigated by the Knudsen effusion method with mass spectrometric registration of the gaseous phase composition. The standard thermodynamic parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the sublimation process of these compounds were determined. The results were compared with the vapor pressure of the corresponding MPcF4-p analogs bearing F-substituents in the peripheral positions. It was shown that the volatility decreased in the order of VOPcF4-np > CoPcF4-np [Formula: see text] CuPcF4-np [Formula: see text] FePcF4-np > ZnPcF4-np, which correlated with the increase in their crystal lattice energy in the same order. The volatility of most MPcF4-np (M = Cu, Zn, Co, VO) was lower than that of MPcF4-p. The results were analyzed from the point of view of crystal packing and intermolecular interactions in the crystal.
Origin and Harbor of Refugees: Analysis by Mathematics of Uncertainty
Authors: Mordeson John N. , Malik Davender S. , Mathew Sunil
Published: June 2024

Refugees are people who have been forced to flee from their home in order to escape conflict, violence, natural disaster, or persecution for reasons of race, region, nationality, political stance, or association with a particular social group. In this paper, we use fuzzy similarity measures to determine the relationship between countries with respect to being an origin country of refugees and a harboring country for refugees. We find the fuzzy similarity measure of an origin country and a harboring country. A country with a high refugee problem may have many refugees remaining within the country. We also consider fuzzy distance measures.
Ag Nanowire-Based Conductive Textiles for Electronic Devices: An Introductory Review
Authors: Choi Chunghyeon , Lim Sooman , Gwang Yun Tae , Marinkovic Dragan , Matteini Paolo , Hwang Byungil
Published: June 2024

Conductive textiles (c-textiles) allow a significant advancement in wearable technology, offering new opportunities for mobile devices. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with exceptional electrical conductivity, flexibility, and stretchability have been studied as the most promising conductive materials to provide electrical conductivities to insulating textiles. In this paper, an overview of the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of AgNWs and their integration into textile materials are discussed, highlighting their applications to various electronic devices. The diverse applications of AgNWs to transparent conducting electrodes; and multifunctional fabrics capable of sensing, heating, and providing electromagnetic interference shielding are introduced underscoring the versatility and potential of AgNW-based textiles. Based on the overview, challenges of AgNW-based c-textiles including low durability and difficult scalability of production processes are discussed which help readers to understand the future direction of the research of AgNW-based c-textiles.
Photothermal Hyperthermia and Photodegradation Studies of Cu-Si Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Liquid Media
Authors: Fazal Yusra , Ali Imran , Chen Jun , Pan Yunxiang , Bukhari Syed Nizam Uddin Shah , Liu Xiangnen , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Shen Zhonghua
Published: June 2024

Nanocomposites have many promising applications such as in hyperthermia and photodegradation. Laser ablation-assisted synthesis of nanocomposites offers several advantages such as it is a green synthesis method, cost-effective, ease of handling and absence of any by-products. This study included the fabrication of copper-silicon (Cu-Si) nanocomposites using liquid-phase laser ablation, followed by an investigation into their potential uses in photothermal hyperthermia and photodegradation. The surface properties, chemical composition and crystallinity were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Spherical, capsule-like and hexagonal nanoparticles with a size of 28[Formula: see text]nm were observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The near-infrared (NIR) 808[Formula: see text]nm laser was used to obtain the optimum photothermal hyperthermia temperature. At increasing concentrations of nanocomposites and operating laser powers, the temperature trend of nanofluid was monitored and revealed a rising trend. Moreover, an increasing trend in degradation efficiency of methylene green dye was observed, with values of 46.4%, 81.7% and 95.7%, corresponding to photocatalyst doses of 10[Formula: see text]mg, 20[Formula: see text]mg and 30[Formula: see text]mg, respectively. These results shed light on the potential application of contamination-free nanocomposites for hyperthermia and photodegradation.
Seismic Analysis of Segmental Tunnels Using Multi-Contact Joint-Based Tunnel Model
Authors: Zhou Jiaxing , Deng Peng , Zhang Chao , Geng Ziheng , Chen Renpeng
Published: June 2024

Segmental tunnel is widely adopted in the urban transportation system, thereby its seismic resilience is a cornerstone for resilient cities. The segmental tunnel is an assembly of reinforced concrete segments, bolts, gaskets, gaps, etc., and exhibits highly nonlinear behavior when subjected to external loadings. Yet, in practice, its seismic response is generally estimated via a holistic modeling approach where the segmental tunnel is represented by a homogeneous beam or shell element with equivalent stiffness. Here, a multi-contact joint-based model is developed for a segmental tunnel, incorporating the nonlinearities embedded in the assembly with acceptable computational costs. The reinforced concrete segment is represented as the displacement-based fiber beam element, whereas the complex interaction among the configurations of the joint, i.e. bolt, gasket, and contacting concrete, is modeled via the zero-length section element. The proposed model’s accuracy is validated via a series of experimental data under three loading scenarios. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the mechanical response of segmental tunnels highly relies on the assembly configurations. The proposed model is implemented to investigate the seismic response of a typical segmental tunnel under various ground motions, demonstrating its applicability in seismic safety assessments, particularly in capturing the nonlinear response of segmental tunnels under high-intensity earthquakes.