bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Face Verification with Multi-Task and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion
Authors: Lu Xiaojun , Yang Yue , Zhang Weilin , Wang Qi , Wang Yang
Published: May 2017

Face verification for unrestricted faces in the wild is a challenging task. This paper proposes a method based on two deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for face verification. In this work, we explore using identification signals to supervise one CNN and the combination of semi-verification and identification to train the other one. In order to estimate semi-verification loss at a low computation cost, a circle, which is composed of all faces, is used for selecting face pairs from pairwise samples. In the process of face normalization, we propose using different landmarks of faces to solve the problems caused by poses. In addition, the final face representation is formed by the concatenating feature of each deep CNN after principal component analysis (PCA) reduction. Furthermore, each feature is a combination of multi-scale representations through making use of auxiliary classifiers. For the final verification, we only adopt the face representation of one region and one resolution of a face jointing Joint Bayesian classifier. Experiments show that our method can extract effective face representation with a small training dataset and our algorithm achieves 99.71% verification accuracy on Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset.
Investigation of the Intra- and Inter-Limb Muscle Coordination of Hands-and-Knees Crawling in Human Adults by Means of Muscle Synergy Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiang , Niu Xiaocong , Wu De , Yu Yi , Zhang Xu
Published: May 2017

To investigate the intra- and inter-limb muscle coordination mechanism of human hands-and-knees crawling by means of muscle synergy analysis, surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals of 20 human adults were collected bilaterally from 32 limb related muscles during crawling with hands and knees at different speeds. The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm was exerted on each limb to extract muscle synergies. The results showed that intra-limb coordination was relatively stable during human hands-and-knees crawling. Two synergies, one relating to the stance phase and the other relating to the swing phase, could be extracted from each limb during a crawling cycle. Synergy structures during different speeds kept good consistency, but the recruitment levels, durations, and phases of muscle synergies were adjusted to adapt the change of crawling speed. Furthermore, the ipsilateral phase lag (IPL) value which was used to depict the inter-limb coordination changed with crawling speed for most subjects, and subjects using the no-limb-pairing mode at low speed tended to adopt the trot-like mode or pace-like mode at high speed. The research results could be well explained by the two-level central pattern generator (CPG) model consisting of a half-center rhythm generator (RG) and a pattern formation (PF) circuit. This study sheds light on the underlying control mechanism of human crawling.
Modeling the Performance of a New Speed Adjustable Compound Supercharging Diesel Engine Working under Plateau Conditions
Authors: Xia Meng , Zhao Changlu , Zhang Fujun , Huang Ying
Published: May 2017

In order to improve the diesel engine performance under plateau (high altitude) conditions, a new Speed Adjustable Compound (SAC) supercharging method is proposed. A simulation model based on a six-cylinder V-type turbocharged intercooler diesel engine is built on the GT-POWER platform, and then simulation-based research is carried out. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to identify the best operation parameters, including the supercharger speed and fuel injection quantity under steady state conditions. Transient performance is obtained through starting process simulation of a vehicle with SAC engine on the MATLAB/Simulink GT-POWER co-simulation platform. Both the steady and transient performance of the SAC engine are compared with those of the original engine. Results show that the torque of the SAC engine at full load is significantly increased when the engine speed n < 1600 r/min. The increment of the maximum torque can reach up to 31% at 1000 r/min compared to that of the original engine, while the peak torque is increased by 9%. The fuel consumption deterioration is restricted within 5%. What’s more, the SAC engine can help reducing the acceleration time by 20% during tip-in pedal events during the vehicle starting process.
Design of a Bearingless Outer Rotor Induction Motor
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Tang Jingwei , Shi Kai
Published: May 2017

A bearingless induction (BI) motor with an outer rotor for flywheel energy storage systems is proposed due to the perceived advantages of simple rotor structure, non-contact support and high speed operation. Firstly, the configuration and operation principle of the proposed motor are described. Then several leading dimensional parameters are optimally calculated for achieving the maximum average values and the minimum ripples of torque output and suspension force. Finally, by using the finite element method, the characteristics and performance of the proposed machine are analyzed and verified.
Quality over Quantity: Contribution of Urban Green Space to Neighborhood Satisfaction
Authors: Zhang Yang , Van den Berg Agnes , Van Dijk Terry , Weitkamp Gerd
Published: May 2017

There is increasing evidence that the quality of green space significantly contributes to neighborhood satisfaction and well-being, independent of the mere amount of green space. In this paper, we examined residents’ perceptions of the quality and beneficial affordances of green space in relation to objectively assessed accessibility and usability. We used data from a survey in two neighborhoods (N = 223) of a medium-sized city in the Netherlands, which were similar in the amount of green space and other physical and socio-demographic characteristics, but differed in the availability of accessible and usable green spaces. Results show that residents of the neighborhood with a higher availability of accessible and usable green spaces were more satisfied with their neighborhood. This difference was statistically mediated by the higher level of perceived green space quality. Neighborhood satisfaction was significantly positively related to well-being. However, residents of the two neighborhoods did not differ in self-reported well-being and beneficial affordances of green space. These analyses contribute to a further understanding of how the accessibility and usability of green spaces may increase people’s neighborhood satisfaction. It highlights the importance of perceived quality in addition to the amount of green space when examining the beneficial effects of green space.
Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liu Yanli , Yang Hongxu , Wen Yi , Li Bingyi , Zhao Yinhua , Xing Jing , Zhang Min , Chen Yongjin
Published: May 2017

The present study aimed to analyze novel mechanisms underlying Nrf2-mediated anti-apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the periodontitis oxidative microenvironment. We created an oxidative stress model with H2O2-treated PDLSCs. We used real-time PCR, Western blotting, TUNEL staining, fluorogenic assay and transfer genetics to confirm the degree of oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as the function of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We demonstrated that with upregulated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the effect of oxidative stress was obvious under H2O2 treatment. Oxidative molecules were altered after the H2O2 exposure, whereby the signaling of Nrf2 was activated with an increase in its downstream effectors, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). Additionally, the apoptosis levels gradually increased with oxidative stress by the upregulation of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax and c-Fos levels in addition to the downregulation of Bcl-2. However, there was no alterations in levels of caspase-8. The enhanced antioxidant effect could not mitigate the occurrence of apoptosis. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression effectively improved the anti-oxidative levels and increased cell proliferation. At the same time, overexpression effectively restrained TUNEL staining and decreased the molecular levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax and c-Fos, but not that of caspase-8. In contrast, silencing the expression of Nrf2 levels had the opposite effect. Collectively, Nrf2 alleviates PDLSCs via its effects on regulating oxidative stress and anti-intrinsic apoptosis by the activation of oxidative enzymes.
Revisiting Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Bloodstream Isolates from Latin American Medical Centers
Authors: Da Matta Daniel , Souza Ana , Colombo Arnaldo
Published: May 2017

The epidemiology of candidemia varies geographically, and there is still scarce data on the epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America (LA). After extensive revision of medical literature, we found reliable and robust information on the microbiological aspects of candidemia in patients from 11 out of 21 medical centers from LA countries and 1 out of 20 from Caribbean countries/territories. Based on 40 papers attending our search strategy, we noted that C. albicans remains the most common species causing candidemia in our region, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. In Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, a trend towards an increase in frequency of C. glabrata candidemia was observed. Although resistance rates to fluconazole is under 3%, there was a slight increase in the resistance rates to C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis isolates. Echinocandin resistance has been reported in a few surveys, but no single study confirmed the resistant phenotype reported by using molecular methods. We highlight the importance of conducting continuous surveillance studies to identify new trends in terms of species distribution of Candida and antifungal resistance related to episodes of candidemia in LA. This information is critical for helping clinicians to prevent and control Candida bloodstream infections in their medical centers.
Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and the Corrosion Resistance of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy Welded Joint
Authors: Gong Xiaoyuan , Wu Zhisheng , Zhao Fei
Published: May 2017

The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of an AZ61 magnesium alloy metal inert-gas (MIG) welded joint was investigated. The welded joints were deep-cryogenically treated using different parameters, and were analyzed by metallographic observations, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, and NaCl immersion test. The results show that the treatment changes the microstructure of the entire joint by causing grain refinement and increase in the β-phase. The crystal structure, chemical composition, and electrode potentials are different for the α and the β-phases. Therefore, any change in content, status, and distribution of the β phase has important implications on the corrosion resistance of the samples. With an increase in the holding time, the microhardness value of the whole joint increases, and the difference between the three regions of the joint decreases. The results of the NaCl immersion test show that there is an improvement in the corrosion resistance of the treated joints. Compared with the untreated samples, the corrosion potential of the samples treated by deep cryogenic treatment for 4 h at −180 °C is about 0.017 V higher, and the corrosion current density decreased by one order of magnitude (from about 2.769 × 10−5 A·cm−2 to 1.578 × l0−6 A·cm−2).
Characterization of Chinese Unifloral Honeys Based on Proline and Phenolic Content as Markers of Botanical Origin, Using Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Wen Ya-Qin , Zhang Jinzhen , Li Yi , Chen Lanzhen , Zhao Wen , Zhou Jinhui , Jin Yue
Published: May 2017

The phenolic and proline content were determined in honey samples of different floral origins (rapeseed, sunflower, buckwheat and Codonopsis) from five different regions of China. The phenolic and proline profile of these samples were used to construct a statistical model to distinguish honeys from different floral origins. Significant differences were identified among the studied honey samples from multivariate chemometric methods. The proline content varied among the four types of honeys, with the values decreasing in the order: buckwheat > Codonopsis > sunflower > rapeseed. Rapeseed honeys contained a high level of benzoic acid, while rutin, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid were present at relatively high levels in buckwheat honeys. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that rapeseed honey could be distinguished from the other three unifloral honeys, and benzoic acid, proline and kaempferol could serve as potential floral markers. Using 18 phenolic compounds and proline the honey samples were satisfactorily classified according to floral origin at 94% correct prediction by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results indicated that phenolic compounds and proline were useful for the identification of the floral origin of the four type honeys.
Effects of Growth Media on the Diversity of Culturable Fungi from Lichens
Authors: Muggia Lucia , Kopun Theodora , Grube Martin
Published: May 2017

Microscopic and molecular studies suggest that lichen symbioses contain a plethora of associated fungi. These are potential producers of novel bioactive compounds, but strains isolated on standard media usually represent only a minor subset of these fungi. By using various in vitro growth conditions we are able to modulate and extend the fraction of culturable lichen-associated fungi. We observed that the presence of iron, glucose, magnesium and potassium in growth media is essential for the successful isolation of members from different taxonomic groups. According to sequence data, most isolates besides the lichen mycobionts belong to the classes Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. With our approach we can further explore the hidden fungal diversity in lichens to assist in the search of novel compounds.
New Glycosides from the Fruits of Nicandra physaloides
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Hai-Bing , Xu Zhen-Peng , Cheng Yan-Gang , Lv Shao-Wa , Yang Bing-You , Guo Hong-Wei , Kuang Hai-Xue
Published: May 2017

Three new glycosides (1–3) and 15 known ones (4–18) were isolated and identified from the fruits of Nicandra physaloides. The structures of these compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-ESI-MS. The compounds (4–18) were the first time isolated from the Nicandra genus and they (except 8, 10, 14) exhibited inhibitions on the NO release of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values from 26.9 to 47.5 μM.
Calcium Supplement Derived from Gallus gallus domesticus Promotes BMP-2/RUNX2/SMAD5 and Suppresses TRAP/RANK Expression through MAPK Signaling Activation
Authors: Yoo Han , Kim Gyung-Ji , Song Da , Chung Kang-Hyun , Lee Kwon-Jai , Kim Dong-Hee , An Jeung
Published: May 2017

The present study evaluated the effects of a calcium (Ca) supplement derived from Gallus gallus domesticus (GD) on breaking force, microarchitecture, osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation factor expression in vivo in Ca-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. One percent of Ca supplement significantly improved Ca content and bone strength of the tibia. In micro-computed tomography analysis, 1% Ca supplement attenuated OVX- and low Ca-associated changes in bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, spacing and number. Moreover, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2, Wnt3a, small mothers against decapentaplegic 1/5/8, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and collagenase-1, while it decreased the expression of osteoclast differentiation genes, such as thrombospondin-related anonymous protein, cathepsin K and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The increased expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were associated with significant increases in trabecular bone volume, which plays an important role in the overall skeletal strength. Our results demonstrated that 1% Ca supplement inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated osteoblastogenesis and restored bone loss in OVX rats.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Flagellin Inhibits TNF-Induced NF-κB Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wang Gaochan , Geisbrecht Brian , Rueter Christian , Hardwidge Philip
Published: May 2017

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes childhood diarrhea in developing countries. ETEC strains produce the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and/or heat-stable enterotoxins (ST) and encode a diverse set of colonization factors used for adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. We previously found that ETEC secretes a heat-stable protein we designated as ETEC Secreted Factor (ESF) that inhibits the extent of NF-κB activation normally induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Here we fractionated ETEC supernatants using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and determined that ETEC flagellin was necessary and sufficient to protect IκBα from degradation in response to TNF stimulation. These data suggest a potentially novel mechanism by which ETEC may evade the host innate immune response by down-regulating NF-κB-dependent host responses.
A Study on Immersion and Presence of a Portable Hand Haptic System for Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Kim Mingyu , Jeon Changyu , Kim Jinmo
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a portable hand haptic system using Leap Motion as a haptic interface that can be used in various virtual reality (VR) applications. The proposed hand haptic system was designed as an Arduino-based sensor architecture to enable a variety of tactile senses at low cost, and is also equipped with a portable wristband. As a haptic system designed for tactile feedback, the proposed system first identifies the left and right hands and then sends tactile senses (vibration and heat) to each fingertip (thumb and index finger). It is incorporated into a wearable band-type system, making its use easy and convenient. Next, hand motion is accurately captured using the sensor of the hand tracking system and is used for virtual object control, thus achieving interaction that enhances immersion. A VR application was designed with the purpose of testing the immersion and presence aspects of the proposed system. Lastly, technical and statistical tests were carried out to assess whether the proposed haptic system can provide a new immersive presence to users. According to the results of the presence questionnaire and the simulator sickness questionnaire, we confirmed that the proposed hand haptic system, in comparison to the existing interaction that uses only the hand tracking system, provided greater presence and a more immersive environment in the virtual reality.
Towards System Calibration of Panoramic Laser Scanners from a Single Station
Authors: Medić Tomislav , Holst Christoph , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: May 2017

Terrestrial laser scanner measurements suffer from systematic errors due to internal misalignments. The magnitude of the resulting errors in the point cloud in many cases exceeds the magnitude of random errors. Hence, the task of calibrating a laser scanner is important for applications with high accuracy demands. This paper primarily addresses the case of panoramic terrestrial laser scanners. Herein, it is proven that most of the calibration parameters can be estimated from a single scanner station without a need for any reference information. This hypothesis is confirmed through an empirical experiment, which was conducted in a large machine hall using a Leica Scan Station P20 panoramic laser scanner. The calibration approach is based on the widely used target-based self-calibration approach, with small modifications. A new angular parameterization is used in order to implicitly introduce measurements in two faces of the instrument and for the implementation of calibration parameters describing genuine mechanical misalignments. Additionally, a computationally preferable calibration algorithm based on the two-face measurements is introduced. In the end, the calibration results are discussed, highlighting all necessary prerequisites for the scanner calibration from a single scanner station.
Determination of Carotenoids in Human Serum and Breast Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD)
Authors: Tan Jing , Neo Jason , Setiawati Tania , Zhang Chunyan
Published: May 2017

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the identification and quantification of carotenoids, namely all-trans lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene, in biological samples such as human serum and breast milk, has been developed and validated. Good chromatography separation was achieved using a binary mobile phase system on a YMC C30 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 3 µm) at 30 °C. Owing to the smaller column particle size and diameter of the column, the separation was achieved in 18 min, which is significantly reduced from the typical 30–40 min of other methods. The diode array detector (DAD) acquisition was set at a wavelength of 445 nm; 3D spectra ranging from wavelengths of 240–600 nm were also recorded. Peaks were identified by matching their retention time and spectra with those of standards. Quantification was achieved by internal standard calibration using echinenone as the internal standard. Good linearity was obtained for each compound (R2 > 0.9999). The method quantification limits (MQLs) for serum and breast milk were 10 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, in matrix, respectively. A spike recovery study and standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 968e analysis has proven that the method has a high degree of accuracy, precision, and robustness. The stability study showed that the carotenoid standard and sample extracts could be stored in a chilled autosampler at 8 °C up to 48 h without being comprised, which provides guidance on re-test time frames. The freeze/thaw process was found to be detrimental to carotenoids, and should always be avoided. Most importantly, UV standardization of the stock standard is to be performed prior to each assay, and simply taking the values on Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for calculation of the standard concentration is not recommended.
EXPLICATING THE ROLE OF TRUST IN KNOWLEDGE SHARING: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL TEST
Authors: SMALIUKIENĖ Rasa , BEKEŠIENĖ Svajonė , CHLIVICKAS Eugenijus , MAGYLA Marius
Published: May 2017

Although the large body of literature suggests that trust is a prerequisite for knowledge sharing, the understanding of mediational pathways remains limited. The paper fills the gap by combining two separate streams in knowledge sharing, where the first reflects the paradigm of the organizational behaviour theory and highlights the impact of organizational culture and employees’ trust; where the second one discloses the impact of technology deployment in knowledge sharing. Building on the premises that interdependence between variables that affect knowledge sharing raises form organizational culture of trust and available technologies, we examine the structural origins of knowledge sharing. As a method structural equation modelling test was used to analyse the data. Hypothesised five-factor model was tested through two stages using AMOS software. The findings carry theoretical implications for the knowledge management body of knowledge since they extended the research on knowledge sharing by integrating organisational culture and technological solutions into one complex system. Form practical perspective, the relationship among four predictors – trust in leadership, trust in co-workers, trust in technologies for knowledge management, and fear of losing one’s value – provide a proof on how organizations knowledge sharing is composed and how it could be developed.
The First ALMA Observation of a Solar Plasmoid Ejection from an X-Ray Bright Point
Authors: Shimojo Masumi , Hudson Hugh S. , White Stephen M. , Bastian Timothy S. , Iwai Kazumasa
Published: May 2017

Eruptive phenomena such as plasmoid ejections or jets are important features of solar activity and have the potential to improve our understanding of the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. Such ejections are often thought to be signatures of the outflows expected in regions of fast magnetic reconnection. The 304 Å EUV line of helium, formed at around 105 K, is found to be a reliable tracer of such phenomena, but the determination of physical parameters from such observations is not straightforward. We have observed a plasmoid ejection from an X-ray bright point simultaneously at millimeter wavelengths with ALMA, at EUV wavelengths with SDO/AIA, and in soft X-rays with Hinode/XRT. This paper reports the physical parameters of the plasmoid obtained by combining the radio, EUV, and X-ray data. As a result, we conclude that the plasmoid can consist either of (approximately) isothermal ∼105 K plasma that is optically thin at 100 GHz, or a ∼104 K core with a hot envelope. The analysis demonstrates the value of the additional temperature and density constraints that ALMA provides, and future science observations with ALMA will be able to match the spatial resolution of space-borne and other high-resolution telescopes.
Resolving the Hα-emitting Region in the Wind of η Carinae
Authors: Wu Ya-Lin , Smith Nathan , Close Laird M. , Males Jared R. , Morzinski Katie M.
Published: May 2017

The massive evolved star η Carinae is the most luminous star in the Milky Way and has the highest steady wind mass-loss rate of any known star. Radiative transfer models of the spectrum by Hillier et al. predict that Hα is mostly emitted in regions of the wind at radii of 6–60 au from the star (2.5–25 mas at 2.35 kpc). We present diffraction-limited images (FWHM ∼ 25 mas) with Magellan adaptive optics in two epochs, showing that η Carinae consistently appears ∼2.5–3 mas wider in Hα emission compared to the adjacent 643 nm continuum. This implies that the Hα line-forming region may have a characteristic emitting radius of 12 mas or ∼30 au, in very good agreement with the Hillier stellar-wind model. This provides direct confirmation that the physical wind parameters of that model are roughly correct, including the mass-loss rate of

, plus the clumping factor, and the terminal velocity. Comparison of the Hα images (ellipticity and PA) to the continuum images reveals no significant asymmetries at Hα. Hence, any asymmetry induced by a companion or by the primary’s rotation do not strongly influence the global Hα emission in the outer wind.
De l’aide à domicile aux services à la personne
Authors: Capuano Christophe
Published: May 2017

Cet article explore diverses politiques d’aide à domicile qui, tout en s’adressant à la même population des gens âgés dépendants, se mettent progressivement en place de manière non coordonnée dans les champs du handicap, de la vieillesse et de l’emploi, avec des objectifs et des logiques distincts, afin de proposer des dispositifs finalement concurrents jusqu’aux années 1990. Il étudie par ailleurs comment ces bénéficiaires, longtemps objectivés, s’emparent peu à peu des possibilités qui s’offrent à eux pour devenir progressivement acteurs de leur maintien à domicile, avec le soutien et les conseils de leurs proches. Cette contribution explique enfin pourquoi les pouvoirs publics français cloisonnent à partir de 1997, pour des raisons financières, cette population dans la catégorie des personnes âgées dépendantes après 60 ans, tout en leur imposant des prestations plus ou moins affectées dans une optique du cash for care .
Droit à l’assistance personnelle : sa portabilité au sein de l’Union européenne
Authors: Bolling Jamie , Bullic Inès , Siilsalu Mari
Published: May 2017

Après avoir expliqué le concept d’assistance personnelle, tel qu’il est défini par le réseau européen pour la vie autonome ( enil ), un modèle de politique d’assistance personnelle, développé en 2004, est présenté en tant que guide pour développer, financer, manager et évaluer les services d’assistance personnelle en Europe. Puis une enquête menée par enil sur l’accès des personnes en situation de handicap à l’assistance personnelle, réactualisée en 2015, met en lumière les tendances principales aujourd’hui en Europe, les variations géographiques et les lacunes dans les données recueillies. Cet article poursuit alors en explorant quelques-uns des obstacles rencontrés par les personnes en situation de handicap quand elles se déplacent à l’intérieur de l’Union européenne, obstacles dus à l’insuffisance de soutiens adéquats et disponibles dans les pays d’accueil. Les actions de lobbying d’ enil sont également présentées, notamment la marche pour la liberté ( Freedom Drive ) et la Journée européenne pour la Vie autonome.
« Délégation » de gestes liés aux soins : my body, what choice ?
Authors: Delcey Michel
Published: May 2017

Les Personnes en situation de handicap ( psh ) qui ont à la fois besoin d’une aide humaine pour les actes essentiels de la vie et de soins dépassant le simple cadre de l’hygiène corporelle sont en France confrontées à une double peine. Leurs besoins et la dépendance que leur handicap génère se cumulent, et le cadre juridique comme les cultures professionnelles créent des contraintes, parfois surréelles, à la délivrance simple et coordonnée des gestes d’aide et de soins dont elles ont besoin. La « délégation de gestes liés aux soins » reste la réponse la plus forte et la plus pertinente que le pouvoir législatif et règlementaire a apportée aux revendications d’autonomie portées par les mouvements associatifs, même si l’expression « délégation » demeure juridiquement impropre. Ce ne fut pas sans difficultés que ces dispositions furent arrachées dans le cadre de la loi du 11 février 2005. Ce n’est pas sans difficultés ni interférences avec d’autres dispositions règlementaires sources d’interprétations divergentes ou de limites d’application qu’elles peuvent être mises en œuvre, pour certaines personnes seulement, dans le cadre des services d’aide humaine notamment.
Gender Dimension of ICTs in Latin America
Authors: Montiel Aimée Vega
Published: May 2017

The 1995 Beijing Platform for Action posed strategies to have in media and information technologies an ally for gender equality. “Chapter J” identified core areas for this agenda: content and representation, access of women to decision-making positions at media and ICTs, gender mainstreaming in communication policy, access and use of women to media and ICTs. These strategies were reinforced by the World Summit on Information Society, that pointed out the prominent role of ICTs in women's human rights. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a constructive debate on gender and ICTs, by presenting some of the most significative trends in Latin America.
Leveraging Diversity for Competitive Advantage
Authors: Hughes Claretha
Published: May 2017

Competitive advantage is attained through talent development and management. Talented employees seek career advancement, change, and success. Organization leaders must integrate organization and career development into their strategic plans and can no longer exclude diverse individuals with talent nor diversity of thought. Key themes are revealed in this chapter to assist with elimination of institutional barriers that limit the success of diverse employees.
The Diverse Voices Conference
Authors: Scott Chaunda L.
Published: May 2017

As diversity higher education courses and programs continue to increase on university campuses in the United States, research remains scant on the role that diversity education conferences can play in furthering higher education students' diversity learning beyond the classroom. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the Diverse Voices Conference as a successful higher education diversity initiative in Michigan that has for seventeen years provided a safe environment for students to learn more about and speak out in support of valuing all aspects of human diversity. This chapter will highlight 1) the history of the Diverse Voices Conference; 2) the components of the Diverse Voices Conference; 3) the lessons learned regarding sponsoring the Diverse Voices Conference on a university campus in Michigan that is free and open to the public; along with 4) future directions for expansing the conference and its visibility beyond its current state.
Preparing Teacher Candidates for Diverse Classrooms
Authors: Estes Judi Simmons
Published: May 2017

A majority of PK-12 teachers are White, middle-class woman who speak only English (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2012); many of these teachers report a lack of confidence to adequately meet the needs of a diverse classroom of students (Hollins & Torres-Guzman, 2005), particularly those with background different from that of the teachers (Helfrich & Bean, 2011). The perceived lack of preparedness to serve diverse students, whether factually based or not, has been attributed to poor training provided by teacher preparation programs (Cho & DeCastro-Ambrosetti, 2005). This chapter suggests that teacher preparation programs, regardless of geographic location and demographics of their teacher candidates, model a spirit of inclusivity and be intentional in offering an integrated approach to preparing teacher candidates to be highly-effective in working with all students regardless of diversity represented.
TIPs to Maximize Meaningful Professional Development Programs and Initiatives
Authors: Sanders Stephanie L. , Orbe Mark P.
Published: May 2017

At no other time in higher education have scholar researchers been called to demonstrate the value added of theoretically grounded diversity education. This signals the need for higher education to make deeper linkages between diversity education, learning outcomes and academic mission statements. By highlighting a few “TIPs” - attempts to move “theory into practice,” - the authors seek to answer the call to action. Through a case study approach the authors highlight a professional development program that fosters interactional diversity and serves as a catalyst for increasing awareness, mindfulness and positive organizational change. First, a diversity education initiative at a large mid-western university referred to as “The Institute” is described. Second, the theoretically grounded frameworks of anxiety/uncertainty management and relational dialectics theory is presented. Finally, the case study concludes by advocating for more robust professional development programs and initiatives that positively impact organizations. Implications for organizational leaders are discussed.
A Perspective on How Counseling Curricula Can Enhance Workforce Diversity Practices
Authors: Matthews Jennifer J.
Published: May 2017

As we become more of a global society, it is imperative for the work environment to mirror this diversity and for individuals to be supported in their professional development. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to describe how the field of counseling can contribute to the advancement of workforce diversity education. The understanding and application of counseling skills (e.g., attending skills) can positively influence interactions within the workplace and enhance workforce diversity initiatives. A case study is included with discussion questions along with an exploration of future directions for enhancing workforce diversity.
Continuance Use Intention of Mobile Internet Services
Authors: Khedhaouria Anis , Beldi Adel
Published: May 2017

In this chapter, we investigate the moderating effect of gender on the intention to continue using mobile Internet services (MIS) in an everyday life context. An extended model based on the technology acceptance theory is used to examine gender differences regarding MIS continuance intention in an everyday life context. A survey was conducted among 623 current MIS users to test the hypotheses using structural equation modeling approach. The findings show that female users expressed a stronger need for perceived usefulness and ease-of-use than male users, while male users expressed a significant need for perceived enjoyment. Interestingly, the stronger effect of perceived usefulness in females was contrary to prior TAM research. The observed gender differences suggest that MIS providers should consider gender when advertising and marketing MIS.
Gender Divides in Higher Education
Authors: López Joaquín Santiago
Published: May 2017

Cultures differ in nature and intensity of differentiation between the sexes, gender, gender roles, gender-role ideologies and gender stereotypes, but gender differentiation exists universally. This chapter explores the awareness students of building-related degrees from different cultural backgrounds have gained about their capabilities as future professionals. More particularly, the chapter will analyze the acquisition and development of competencies that go beyond the technical skills demanded by most companies in the building industries (i.e. project management, safety control or computer-aided design). These additional skills seem to resonate with male-oriented meanings, especially for on-site jobs, although it appears that traditional gender associations have been dislodged in many contexts. To that end, a survey including competency choices was completed by a population of 100 students from different countries. Results from the study seem to point out that gender gaps have been bridged in many cases. When differences are observed, they do not account for the bulk of data, and are distributed randomly. This finding runs contrary to prior expectations about stereotyping in career choice and awareness of self-capacities.
Diversity in Hotel Industry
Authors: Georgiadou Andri , Iasonos Chryso
Published: May 2017

Managing human resources in the hospitality industry is a challenging task. In today's competitive environment, an increasing number of organizations invest in promoting diversity in the workplace. The concept of diversity as a value is based on the recognition, acceptance, and respect. It implies understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing and valuing the individual differences. Therefore, it is very important to understand “how diversity impacts individual and team processes and outcomes in the workplace”. This chapter introduces the notion of diversity in hotel industry: its role, its interrelationship with satisfaction and teamwork. Emphasis is given on the fact that the right to difference and diversity should be incorporated not only in the whole range of processes, strategies, and actions of the company but also within the corporate culture.
Diversifying Engineering Education
Authors: Steuer Linda , Bouffier Anna , Gaedicke Sonja , Leicht-Scholten Carmen
Published: May 2017

Engineers and therefore engineering education are challenged by the increasing complexity of questions to be answered globally. The education of future engineers therefore has to answer with curriculums that build up relevant skills. This chapter will give an example how to bring engineering and social responsibility successful together to build engineers of tomorrow. Through the integration of gender and diversity perspectives, engineering research and teaching is expanded with new perspectives and contents providing an important potential for innovation. Aiming on the enhancement of engineering education with distinctive competencies beyond technical expertise, the teaching approach introduced in the chapter represents key factors to ensure that coming generations of engineers will be able to meet the requirements and challenges a changing globalized world holds for them. The chapter will describe how this approach successfully has been implemented in the curriculum in engineering of a leading technical university in Germany.
Promoting Diversity Leadership
Authors: Sterling Ra Shaunda V.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the difference between the diversity of community college students and community college administrators. While many community college students are poor, minority, and female, the vast majority of community college administrators, particularly chief executive officers, are affluent, White, and male. This inequity may have an impact on how administrators relate to students and the policies these administrators enact, resulting in concerns about equity and access to educational opportunities. The history of U.S. community colleges is discussed. A profile of the typical community college student is also presented. Definitions of leadership are provided, and diversity leadership research is examined. A strategy for increasing diversity at the administrative level in the community college setting is shared. Kotter's (1996) eight-stage model of change management is presented as a means of altering a college's culture to promote greater diversity leadership. The role of technology in increasing diversity is discussed, and directions for further research are shared.
Gendered Media and Political Communication in Africa
Authors: Macharia Juliet Wambui
Published: May 2017

The African media landscape has grown tremendously in the last 20 years and currently, communication channels are more accessible to various groups, even those previously marginalised in the society. Access to communication channels is important as the media sets the agenda and guides everyday discourses and interactions. However, of concern to this paper is the analysis of the African media landscape that is highly gendered; whereby media owners and practitioners are predominantly male. As a result, the message design and communication favours male over female political candidates because a lot of propaganda and persuasion is often used to entice the electorate. The chapter discusses how political images seen on television are often centered on the male dominant figure in politics, while the women are often discussed from the periphery. Due to a mainly male dominated political scene, women shy away from participating and those who chose to get involved, often have to fight against societal stereotypes enabled by the media which inovertly propagates the notion that competitive politics is a manly affair. In many African countries therefore female stereotyping is prevalent in the media during electioneering period. An analysis of news coverage shows that among the news stories reported by male journalists on television, 76 per cent were often men subjects while only 29 percent of stories reported by female journalists were about women in politics. Even when women featured in the stories in the centre pages and at the end of news bulletins, they were about them as victims of political violence during campaigns rather than males/females participating in campaigns as future leaders and decision makers.
Comparative Analysis of Racio-Ethnicity and Gender Impact on Stock Risk
Authors: Smith J. R. , Tillman-Hawkins Andrea , Mosley Alisa L. , Assad Jean-Claude
Published: May 2017

The study purpose is to examine the relationship between cultural diversity and firm performance from the perspective of the investors. Stock values were used to test the hypothesized relationships between the components of cultural diversity (i.e. racio-ethnicity and gender impact on firm performance) using an event study methodology with regression analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the influences of racio-ethnicity and gender diversity on firm performance were mixed. However, significant relationships were found between the components of cultural diversity and firm performance. New directions for future research are offered.
Perception of Race Discrimination by the Police in Europe
Authors: Larsson Daniel , Schmauch Ulrika
Published: May 2017

Procedural justice is an important principle in democratic societies, which fails when police discriminate minorities through for example racial profiling and during crime report procedures. This not only violates individuals' rights, it also increases corruption, make police work problematic and decrease trust in the justice system. The aim of the chapter is to investigate perception of police discrimination against minorities, with focus on whether anti-immigrant attitudes have an independent impact on the perception of police discrimination. We use European Social Survey, collected in 2010, including 24 countries and around 45,000 respondents. The results show that anti-immigrant attitudes imply that respondents don't believe the police to discriminate independent on individual factors such as education, gender, minority and country factors such as corruption, inequality and the proportion of non-European inhabitants in the country.
Critical Issues on Gender Equality and ICTs in Latin America
Authors: Montiel Aimée Vega
Published: May 2017

In the context of the new media environment, several social, political and economic divides are being produced. As the effects of those changes are not neutral, because of gender inequality, the status of women's human rights in the digital age are precarious. To what extent does the new media environment promote women's human and communication rights or contribute to sustaining the oppression of women in society? Based on the feminist political economy perspective, the aim of this paper is to analyze some of the critical issues on gender equality and ICTs in Latin America.1
The Impact of Diversity on Career Transitions over the Life Course
Authors: Wittmer Jenell L. S. , Rudolph Cort W.
Published: May 2017

There are many aspects of diversity that impact career transitions over the life course. Whereas traditional conceptualizations of career stages emphasize a clear career path for the majority of people, modern career transitions are better characterized by both the multitude and variety of potential mobility paths. Modern career trajectories have also been linked to early developmental activities, which are similarly related to increases in diversity and other societal changes. This chapter discusses the impact of different forms of diversity on career transitions from both psychological/developmental and sociological life course perspectives, as well from a dynamic perspective where one's career transitions are dictated by lesser-planned socio-contextual and personal circumstances. The authors conclude this discussion by outlining some trends that are likely to influence career development in the future, including suggestions for future research.
Gaming Before E-Sports
Authors: Lindsey Marley-Vincent
Published: May 2017

Discussions of competitive gaming often begin and end with the development of professional E-Sports. However, competitive gaming has a history that stretches back to the first days of networked play with first generation games like Doom, Warcraft II and Multi-User Dungeons (Henceforth MUDs). Within these games, digital communities became a prominent means of discourse and discussion, heavily reliant on gender as a habit of thought to describe inequality and disparities between players. Using an archive of Warcraft II histories, and forum threads for the game, this chapter describes a social history of this digital community with specific emphasis on the ways that gender was used.
Gender Differences, Social Loss Aversion and Sports Performance in Japanese Schoolchildren
Authors: Nakamoto Yasuhiro , Sato Masayuki
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we investigated the relationship between social loss aversion and the competitive sports performance. We found that social loss aversion significantly affected the competitive sports performance in a homogeneous group of male students, but not female students, and that these effects were consistent across various sports drills. In particular, the gender of a reference person was pivotal to determining the effects of social loss aversion. We also showed that social risk aversion did not significantly affect performance in competitive sports drills.