bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible hypothyroidism and Whipple's disease
Authors: Tran Huy A
Published: May 2006

Background

The major cause of primary hypothyroidism is autoimmune mediated with progressive and permanent destruction of the thyroid gland resulting in life-long replacement therapy. Treatable and reversible hypothyroidism is unusual and here forth is such a case due to infection of the thyroid gland with Tropheryma whippleii, Whipple disease.

Case presentation

A 45 year-old female presented with symptoms and signs consistent with primary hypothyroidism, which was also confirmed biochemically. Her response to thyroxine replacement therapy was poor however, requiring a significantly elevated amount. Further investigation revealed the presence of Whipple's disease involving the gastrointestinal trace and possibly the thyroid gland. Her thyroxine requirement decreased drastically following appropriate antimicrobial therapy for Whipple's disease to the extent that it was ceased. Thyrotropin releasing hormone testing in the steady state suggested there was diminished thyroid reserve due to Whipple's disease.

Conclusion

This is the first ante-mortem case report studying the possible involvement of the thyroid gland by Whipple's disease. Despite the normalization of her thyroid function test biochemically after antibiotic therapy, there is diminished thyroid reserve thus requiring close and regular monitoring.
A Novel Photocyclization Reaction of Lysine–Anthraquinone Molecules
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Masakazu , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: May 2006

Nα-Acetyl-Nε-(2-anthraquinonyl)-L-lysine methyl ester underwent a photocyclization reaction in an acetonitrile solution to produce piperidine derivatives. The cyclization might proceed via a novel process that carbon-centered radical formed at the ε-position attacked the α-amido group in the molecule, followed by the formation of C–N bond.
C–N Bond Atropisomerism of 1-(2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentyl)cyclohepta[b]pyrrol-2(1H)-one
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Mori Akira , Ikeda Yukari , Kato Nobuo
Published: May 2006

Two retainers of 1-(2,4-dimethyl-3-pentyl)cyclohepta[b]pyrrol-2(1H)-one could be isolated by means of the HPLC at 0 °C. Its rotational barrier, measured by the line shape analysis of the low-temperature 1H NMR spectra, was 86.8 kJ/mol at 25 °C in CDCl3.
Butyllithium-Induced Syn β-Elimination of 2-Arylalkyl p-Toluenesulfonates
Authors: Shimizu Nobujiro , Sakai Makoto , Tsuno Yuho
Published: May 2006

Erythro- and threo-1-methyl-2-phenylpropyl tosylates regiospecifically undergo syn β-elimination on treatment with butyllithium in THF with 88 and 96% d. e. respectively.
Photochemical Reactions of 1,1-Diphenylpolycyanocyclopropanes in the Presence of Amines. Formal Extrusion of Dicyanomethylene
Authors: Tomioka Hideo , Kanda Masahiko
Published: May 2006

Irradiation of 1,1,2,2-tetracyano-3,3-diphenylcyclopropane in the presence of triethylamine results in the formation of 1,1-dicyano-2,2-diphenylethylene, which is suggested to be formed as a result of spontaneous 1,2 elimination of stabilized ion pairs in the initially formed amine-cyclopropane adducts.
Preparation of the Intracavity-grade Thin Film Using an Optically Nonlinear Organic Compound for the Pulsed Laser Light Compression
Authors: Hiraga Takashi , Yamashita Mikio , Torizuka Kenji , Moriya Tetsuo
Published: May 2006

The 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline(MNA)-doped polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film was prepared for intracavity pulse compression of a short pulse laser. This organic film held between two cover glasses was formed by means of an evacuated hot-press apparatus. The ultra fast response to a femtosecond light pulse was observed, which shows 3rd order nonlinear optical effects.
Thermodynamic Stabilities of Phenonium Ions in the Gas Phase
Authors: Mishima Masaaki , Tsuno Yuho , Fujio Mizue
Published: May 2006

Gas phase stabilities of substituted phenonium (ethylenearenium) ions have been determined based on bromide transfer equilibria. The phenonium ion has been found to be stable even more than t-butyl cation, and the substituent effect on its stability has been analyzed based on the LArSR Eq., giving a ρ value of −17.5 and an r of 0.60.
Formation of Acrolein in the Propane Oxidation over VTeO/SiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Huang Chuanjing , Jin Yanxian , Ying Fang , Wan Huilin
Published: May 2006

VTeO/SiO2 catalyzed the oxidation of propane into acrolein with a maximal yield of 6.6% obtained at 520 °C. The catalytically active sites of the catalysts were investigated using propene and allyl bromide as molecular probes. The V5+ sites were responsible for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane, whereas the Te4+ sites for α-H abstraction of propene and O-insertion of allyl species.
Chemical Coating of Aluminum Oxide onto As-synthesized Mesoporous Silicas
Authors: Pan Yi-Shung , Lin Hong-Ping , Cheng Hsu-Hsuan , Cheng Chi-Feng , Tang Chih-Yuan , Lin Ching-Yen
Published: May 2006

The Al2O3-coated mesoporous silicas with high surface area, different pore sizes, and high acidity can be efficiently obtained from a fast surface modification on the as-synthesized mesoporous silicas with the aluminum isopropoxide in 1-propanol and calcination at 560 °C.
Shadow Boxing with an Imaginary Enemy — A Response to “Law and Order Blues”
Authors: Indermaur David , Brown David , Egger Sandra , Hogg Russell
Published: May 2006

In our rejoinder to Don Weatherburn's paper, “Law and Order Blues”, we do not take issue with his advocacy of the need to take crime seriously and to foster a more rational approach to the problems it poses. Where differences do emerge is (1) with his claim that he is willing to do so whilst we (in our different ways) are not; and (2) on the question of what this involves. Of particular concern is the way in which his argument proceeds by a combination of simple misrepresentation of the positions it seeks to disparage, and silence concerning issues of real substance where intellectual debate and exchange would be welcome and useful. Our paper challenges, in turn, the misrepresentation of Indermaur's analysis of trends in violent crime, the misrepresentation of Hogg and Brown's Rethinking Law and Order, the misrepresentation of the findings of some of the research into the effectiveness of punitive policies and the silence on sexual assault in “Law and Order Blues”. We suggest that his silence on sexual assault reflects a more widespread unwillingness to acknowledge the methodological problems that arise in the measurement of crime because such problems severely limit the extent to which confident assertions can be made about prevalence and trends.
Zero Tolerance, Naming and Shaming: Is There a Case for it with Crimes of the Powerful?
Authors: Braithwaite John , Drahos Peter
Published: May 2006

Zero tolerance and public shaming are increasingly advocated for both crimes of the powerless and crimes of the powerful. In this essay we argue against zero tolerance with respect to both kinds of crime. However, we defend naming and shaming with respect to crimes of the powerful. Part I of the paper begins from the assumption that both zero tolerance and naming and shaming are policies that do not merit serious consideration with crimes of the powerless. It then goes on to consider harder questions: first whether zero tolerance and then naming and shaming have a place with crimes of the powerful. Drug abuse is used in Part II as a case study to explore these distinctions. It will be contended that zero tolerance is a prescription for increasing drug abuse, but that naming and shaming is essential to the prevention of drug abuse. This conclusion is reached by viewing the drug problem differently from conventional criminological analyses in a radically reconfigured context as a corporate crime and organisational regulation problem.
Punishment, Welfare and Gender Ordering in Queensland, 1920–1940
Authors: Wimshurst Kerry
Published: May 2006

This study investigates the relationships between penality (or official approaches to punishment) and welfare thinking that emerged in Queensland in the interwar years. Penality came to focus upon concerns about gender ordering and, in particular, those conceptions of “familied” masculinity and femininity which (supposedly) enhanced human wellbeing and social stability during a time of economic and social distress. Yet while state punishment selectively sanctioned and worked towards reinforcing particular masculine and feminine constructs, the “correctional” outcomes for various categories of male and female offenders in terms of their lived experiences were very different: determined not only by gender but also along lines of age and family arrangements. Three major strands of penal philosophy — the domestic, work ethic and medical approaches — coexisted between the wars and their overlap, seen perhaps more clearly in the case of women, compounded the gendered nature of ‘penality as welfare’. Attention to specific regimes in the social history of punishment reminds us of the need to appreciate the often complex interplay between systems of punishment and welfare.
Parent-Child Dynamics in Community Conferences — Some Questions for Reintegrative Shaming, Practice and Restorative Justice
Authors: Prichard Jeremy
Published: May 2006

This paper discusses two aspects of Crime, Shame and Reintegration (Braithwaite, 1989) concerning the parents of young offenders in reintegrative shaming ceremonies. First, the paper tackles Braithwaite's assumption that parents of young offenders are substantively similar to any other participants in the ceremony. Two sources of evidence are drawn upon: psychology literature regarding parental self-efficacy (Bandura, 1989; Coleman & Karraker, 1997) and qualitative observations of 34 community conferences in Tasmania, to suggest that in community conferences parents are likely to feel personally judged by other adult participants and even “on trial”. Second, the paper considers the dangers inherent in Braithwaite's assertion that directing shame at parents of young offenders can be conducive to reintegrative shaming. The dangers discussed include the stigmatisation of parents, in some cases critical damage to the confidence of parents in their parenting abilities, and the disruption of parent-child relationships. Ultimately, shaming parents may worsen the environment of the young offender concerned.
Differentiability of the Efficient Frontier when Commitment to Risk Sharing is Limited
Authors: Koeppl Thorsten V.
Published: May 2006

This paper shows that the value function describing efficient risk sharing with limited commitment is not necessarily differentiable everywhere. We link differentiability of the value function to history dependence of efficient allocations and provide sufficient conditions for both properties.
Evidence for a Role of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in Pancreatic Islets
Authors: López-Avalos María D. , Duvivier-Kali Valérie F. , Xu Gang , Bonner-Weir Susan , Sharma Arun , Weir Gordon C.
Published: May 2006

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is crucial for protein turnover. Part of the pathway involves deubiquitination, which is carried out by cystein proteases known as ubiquitin COOH-terminal hydrolases. The isoform Uch-L1 was found to be present in large amounts in rat islets by immunostaining, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR. Culturing islets in high glucose concentrations (16.7 mmol/l) for 24 h led to decreased gene expression. Exposure to chronic hyperglycemia following 90% partial pancreatectomy also led to reduced Uch-L1 expression. Expression of other members of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway studied after culturing islets at high glucose concentrations revealed little change except for modest declines in parkin, human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 5 (UbcH5), and β-TRCP (transducin repeat–containing protein). With the pancreatectomy model, expression of polyubiquitin-B and c-Cbl were increased and E6-associated protein was reduced. Further insight about the proteasome pathway was obtained with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin, which in short-term 2-h experiments enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. An important role for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in β-cells is suggested by the findings that changes in glucose concentration influence expression of genes in the pathway and that blockade of the proteasome degradation machinery enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
The Class I HLA Repertoire of Pancreatic Islets Comprises the Nonclassical Class Ib Antigen HLA-G
Authors: Cirulli Vincenzo , Zalatan Jessie , McMaster Michael , Prinsen Robyn , Salomon Daniel R. , Ricordi Camillo , Torbett Bruce E. , Meda Paolo , Crisa Laura
Published: May 2006

Selective expression of the human class Ib HLA molecule HLA-G in immunologically protected sites and its function in the inhibition of NK and T-cell effector functions support an important role of this molecule in immunoregulation. Here, we demonstrate that HLA-G is constitutively expressed in the endocrine compartment of the human pancreas. Surface expression of this HLA determinant in endocrine cells is regulated in response to growth and inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, we provide evidence that HLA-G expressed in this tissue may associate with a subset of insulin-containing granules and may be shuttled to the cell surface in response to secretory stimuli. Thus, HLA-G presentation by endocrine cells may be regulated in concert with their secretory activity. These results identify the expression of a major histocompatibility complex locus with putative regulatory functions in human pancreatic islets, a finding with potentially important implications for the progression of autoimmunity as well as for the establishment of transplant tolerance to this tissue.
Transcription Factor FoxO1 Mediates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Effects on Pancreatic β-Cell Mass
Authors: Buteau Jean , Spatz Marianne L. , Accili Domenico
Published: May 2006

The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases pancreatic β-cell proliferation and survival through sequential activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI 3-kinase), and Akt. We investigated the role of transcription factor FoxO1 in the proliferative and antiapoptotic actions of GLP-1 in β-cells. GLP-1 inhibited FoxO1 through phosphorylation-dependent nuclear exclusion in pancreatic β (INS832/13) cells. The effect of GLP-1 was suppressed by inhibitors of EGFR (AG1478) and PI 3-kinase (LY294002). In contrast, LY294002 but not AG1478 suppressed insulin-induced FoxO1 phosphorylation. Expression of constitutively nuclear FoxO1 in β-cells prevented the proliferative and antiapoptotic actions of GLP-1 in cultured β-cells and the increase in pancreatic β-cell mass in response to Exendin4 in transgenic mice. Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that GLP-1 increases pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene-1 and Foxa2 expression and inhibits FoxO1 binding to both promoters. We propose that FoxO1 mediates the pleiotropic effects of the glucoincretin hormone on cell proliferation and survival.
Pro- and Antiapoptotic Proteins Regulate Apoptosis but Do Not Protect Against Cytokine-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Rat Islets and β-Cell Lines
Authors: Collier J. Jason , Fueger Patrick T. , Hohmeier Hans E. , Newgard Christopher B.
Published: May 2006

Type 1 diabetes results from islet β-cell death and dysfunction induced by an autoimmune mechanism. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and γ-interferon are mediators of this β-cell cytotoxicity, but the mechanism by which damage occurs is not well understood. In the current study, we present multiple lines of evidence supporting the conclusion that cytokine-induced killing of rat β-cells occurs predominantly by a nonapoptotic mechanism, including the following: 1) A rat β-cell line selected for resistance to cytokine-induced cytotoxicity (833/15) is equally sensitive to killing by the apoptosis-inducing agents camptothecin and etoposide as a cytokine-sensitive cell line (832/13). 2) Overexpression of a constitutively active form of the antiapoptotic protein kinase Akt1 in 832/13 cells provides significant protection against cell killing induced by camptothecin and etoposide but no protection against cytokine-mediated damage. 3) Small interfering RNA–mediated suppression of the proapoptotic protein Bax enhances viability of 832/13 cells upon exposure to the known apoptosis-inducing drugs but not the inflammatory cytokines. 4) Exposure of primary rat islets or 832/13 cells to the inflammatory cytokines causes cell death as evidenced by the release of adenylate kinase activity into the cell medium, with no attendant increase in caspase 3 activation or annexin V staining. In contrast, camptothecin- and etoposide-induced killing is associated with robust increases in caspase 3 activation and annexin V staining. 5) Camptothecin increases cellular ATP levels, whereas inflammatory cytokines lower ATP levels in both β-cell lines and primary islets. We conclude that proinflammatory cytokines cause β-cell cytotoxicity primarily through a nonapoptotic mechanism linked to a decline in ATP levels.
The 30-Year Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes Complications
Authors: Pambianco Georgia , Costacou Tina , Ellis Demetrius , Becker Dorothy J. , Klein Ronald , Orchard Trevor J.
Published: May 2006

Declining incidences in Europe of overt nephropathy, proliferative retinopathy, and mortality in type 1 diabetes have recently been reported. However, comparable data for the U.S. and trend data for neuropathy and macrovascular complications are lacking. These issues are addressed using the prospective observational Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Childhood-Onset Diabetes Complications Study. Participants were stratified into five cohorts by diagnosis year: 1950–1959, 1960–1964, 1965–1969, 1970–1974, and 1975–1980. Mortality, renal failure, and coronary artery disease (CAD) status were determined on the complete cohort (n = 906) at 20, 25, and 30 years. Overt nephropathy, proliferative retinopathy, and neuropathy were assessed at 20 and 25 years on the subset of participants with a clinical examination. There was a decreasing trend by diagnosis year for mortality, renal failure, and neuropathy across all time intervals (P < 0.05), with the 1950–1959 cohort having a fivefold higher mortality at 25 years than the 1970s’ cohorts. Proliferative retinopathy and overt nephropathy showed nonsignificant declines at 20 years (P < 0.16 and P < 0.13, respectively) and no change at 25 years. CAD event rates, which were lower than the other complications, also showed no trend. Although some type 1 diabetes complications (mortality, renal failure, and neuropathy) are declining, others (CAD, overt nephropathy, and proliferative retinopathy) show less favorable changes by 30 years.
NFATc4 and ATF3 Negatively Regulate Adiponectin Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Kim Hyun Bae , Kong Minyoung , Kim Tae Min , Suh Young Ho , Kim Won-Ho , Lim Joo Hyun , Song Ji Hyun , Jung Myeong Ho
Published: May 2006

Expression of adiponectin decreases with obesity and insulin resistance. At present, the mechanisms responsible for negatively regulating adiponectin expression in adipocytes are poorly understood. In this investigation, we analyzed the effects of 5′ serial deletion constructs on the murine adiponectin promoter. Here, we identified the repressor region located between −472 and −313 bp of the promoter. Removal of the putative nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) binding site increased the promoter activity, and overexpression of NFATc4 reduced the promoter activity. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187, an activator of NFAT, reduced mRNA as well as promoter activity. The binding of NFATc4 to the promoter was associated with increased recruitment of histone deacetylase 1 and reduced acetylation of histone H3 at the promoter site. In addition, binding of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) to the putative activator protein-1 site located adjacent to the NFAT binding site also repressed the promoter activity. Treatment with thapsigargin, an inducer of ATF3, reduced both mRNA and promoter activity. Importantly, the binding activities of NFATc4 and ATF3, increased significantly in white adipose tissues of ob/ob and db/db mice compared with controls. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that NFATc4 and ATF3 function as negative regulators of adiponectin gene expression, which may play critical roles in downregulating adiponectin expression in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Authors: Zanolin M. Elisabetta , Tosi Flavia , Zoppini Giacomo , Castello Roberto , Spiazzi Giovanna , Dorizzi Romolo , Muggeo Michele , Moghetti Paolo
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVE—Hyperinsulinemia is often associated with several metabolic abnormalities and increased blood pressure, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It has been hypothesized that insulin resistance may underlie all these features. However, recent data suggest that some links between insulin resistance and these alterations may be indirect. The aim of our study was to further investigate this issue in a sample of young hyperandrogenic women, who often show insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities typical of the insulin resistance syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We tested the hypothesis of a single factor underlying these features by principal component analysis, which should recognize one component if a single mechanism explains this association. The analysis was carried out in a sample of 255 young nondiabetic hyperandrogenic women. Variables selected for this analysis included the basic features of the insulin resistance syndrome and some endocrine parameters related to hyperandrogenism.

RESULTS—Principal component analysis identified four separate factors, explaining 64.5% of the total variance in the data: the first included fasting and postchallenge insulin levels, BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and uric acid; the second, BMI, blood pressure, and serum free testosterone; the third, fasting plasma glucose, postchallenge glucose and insulin levels, serum triglycerides, and free testosterone; and the fourth, postchallenge plasma insulin, serum free testosterone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist–stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

CONCLUSIONS—These results support the hypothesis of multiple determinants in the clustering of abnormalities in the so-called insulin resistance syndrome.
Achievement of American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Recommendations Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes, 1999–2002
Authors: Resnick Helaine E. , Foster Gregory L. , Bardsley Joan , Ratner Robert E.
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVE—To estimate the proportion of U.S. adults with diabetes who meet American Diabetes Association (ADA) clinical practice recommendations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 998 adults aged ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes were identified. The proportion of adults with diabetes meeting ADA recommendations for HbA1c (A1C), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, renal function, nutrient intake, smoking, pneumococcal vaccination, and physical activity was estimated.

RESULTS—Among U.S. adults with diabetes in 1999–2002, 49.8% had A1C <7%; 27.4, 36.0, and 65.0% were classified as low risk for HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, respectively. Nearly 40% met blood pressure recommendations, 66% had normal renal function, and daily nutrient recommendations for protein, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and fiber were met by 64.0, 48.3, 28.3, and 18.3%, respectively. Although >81% of the sample reported not smoking at the time of the exam, only 38.2% reported ever having had a pneumococcal immunization, and 28.2% reported getting the recommended level of physical activity. Race, age, duration of diabetes, and education affected achievement of ADA recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS—Achievement of ADA clinical practice recommendations is far from adequate in U.S. adults with diabetes.
Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability During the 100-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnant Women
Authors: Weissman Amir , Lowenstein Lior , Peleg Amir , Thaler Israel , Zimmer Etan Z.
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVE—The aims of the present study were to 1) evaluate autonomic function during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant women and 2) investigate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) modifies autonomic control of heart rate variability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively studied 27 pregnant women (15 without GDM, 12 with GDM) during a 100-g OGTT. The maternal electrocardiogram was recorded before and 60 min after glucose ingestion, when peak glucose levels are expected. The time and frequency domains of maternal cardiac intervals were analyzed.

RESULTS—There was a significant decrease in the high-frequency (HF) band in both groups after the ingestion of glucose. The normalized low-frequency (LF) band significantly increased and the normalized HF band significantly decreased after glucose ingestion. The LF-to-HF ratio was significantly higher in the group with GDM at baseline and significantly increased in both groups after glucose ingestion. A regression analysis revealed a significant decrease in the HF band with increasing blood glucose levels.

CONCLUSIONS—Acute elevation of blood glucose levels during the OGTT caused substantial autonomic alterations, including sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal. Both arms of the autonomic system were affected during the test, thus lending support to the concept that these changes are centrally integrated. The autonomic changes were less pronounced in women with GDM compared with in normal control subjects, suggesting that chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia may alter modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
Uncoupling Protein 2 Promoter Polymorphism −866G/A Affects Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yamasaki Hiroshi , Sasaki Hideyuki , Ogawa Kenichi , Shono Takeshi , Tamura Shinobu , Doi Asako , Sasahara Miyoshi , Kawashima Hiromichi , Nakao Taisei , Furuta Hiroto , Nishi Masahiro , Nanjo Kishio
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVE—To determine genetic predispositions for diabetic polyneuropathy, we investigated the relationship between the −866G/A polymorphism of uncoupling protein (UCP) 2 and neurological manifestations in 197 type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We first examined whether UCP2 mRNA had been expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in four Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats using RT-PCR and electrophoresis. Genotyping of UCP2 promoter polymorphism −866G/A was then performed in 197 unrelated Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, who were subjected to nerve conduction, quantitative vibratory perception, head-up tilt, and heart rate variability tests, by PCR restriction fragment–length polymorphism. The relationships between UCP2 genotype and various nerve functions were analyzed by uni- and multivariable analysis.

RESULTS—Expression of UCP2 mRNA was confirmed in rat DRG. Multiple regression analysis clarified the hypothesis that the G/A + A/A genotype was significantly related to decreased motor nerve conduction velocity and impaired blood pressure maintenance on the head-up tilt test. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the G/A + A/A genotypes are a significant risk factor for sensory nerve conduction slowing and orthostatic hypotension.

CONCLUSIONS—UCP2 promoter gene polymorphism −866 G/A was significantly associated with nerve conduction slowing and vasomotor sympathetic functions. These findings suggest that the higher UCP2 activity related to the A allele has an energy-depleting effect on peripheral nerve function in type 2 diabetic patients.
“Design” in der chemischen Synthese – eine Fiktion?
Authors: Jansen Martin , Schön J. Christian
Published: May 2006

In der allgemein akzeptierten Definition umfasst der Vorgang des „Designens“ den Entwurf einer Form, die eine vorgegebene Funktion möglichst gut erfüllt und darüber hinaus als ästhetisch empfunden wird. Dies unterstellt jedoch einen gestalterischen Freiraum, der in der Synthese neuer chemischer Verbindungen nicht gegeben ist. Der Essay will aufzeigen, welche Gefahren eine Verwendung des Begriffs „Design“ in der Chemie birgt.
Phannomenklatur Teil I: Phanstammnamen
Authors: Hellwich Karl‐Heinz
Published: May 2006

Die Phannomenklatur ist eine neue Methode zur Bildung von Namen für organische Verbindungen durch das Zusammenfügen von Namen für die Teilstrukturen der komplizierten Gesamtstruktur. Sie beruht auf dem Konzept, dass das relativ einfache Gerüst einer Stammverbindung durch eine als Amplifikation (Erweiterung) bezeichnete Operation modifiziert werden kann. Darunter versteht man einen Prozess, bei dem ein oder mehrere spezielle Atome (Superatome) eines vereinfachten Grundgerüsts durch mehratomige Strukturen ersetzt werden (Schema 1)

Die im Deutschen üblichen Trivialnamen Benzol und Naphthalin sollen nicht statt Benzen bzw. Naphthalen zur Konstruktion von Amplifikantenpräfixen verwendet werden.

– gesättigte Ringe oder Ringsysteme oder mankude Ringsysteme (ungesättigte Ringe oder Ringsysteme mit der maximalen Zahl nichtkumulierter Doppelbindungen). Bei der Amplifikation wird jedes Superatom durch einen Ring oder ein Ringsystem ersetzt, der oder das im Namen durch ein Amplifikantenpräfix spezifiziert wird, welches wiederum dem Stammnamen für das vereinfachte Grundgerüst vorangestellt wird. Letzterer endet auf die Silbe ‐phan und wird gemäß den Prinzipien zur Benennung gesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe gebildet. Folglich sind alle durch den Gerüstnamen implizierten Atome mit Ausnahme der Superatome übereinkunftsgemäß gesättigte Kohlenstoffatome. Ein Amplifikantenpräfix wird aus dem Namen der entsprechenden cyclischen Stammverbindung durch Anfügen des Buchstabens a gebildet. Amplifikantenpräfixe gleichen daher den normalen Austauschpräfixen (“a”‐Präfixen) wie Oxa‐ und Aza‐, die den Ersatz einer einzelnen Struktureinheit, üblicherweise eines Kohlenstoffatoms, durch eine andere Struktureinheit anzeigen. Die Lokanten vor den Klammern im Namen einer Phanstammverbindung spezifizieren die Positionen der Superatome im vereinfachten Grundgerüst, die durch die im direkt nachfolgenden Amplifikantenpräfix spezifizierte Ringstruktur ersetzt werden. Ebenso legen sie die Positionen der Ringe und Ringsysteme in der Phanstammverbindung fest. Diese Lokanten sind durch die Bezifferungsregeln für das jeweilige vereinfachte Grundgerüst und die Rangfolge der Ringe und Ringsysteme in der Phanstammverbindung festgelegt. Die Lokanten in den Klammern spezifizieren die Atome der durch ein Amplifikantenpräfix bezeichneten Ringstruktur, die an ein benachbartes normales Atom des vereinfachten Grundgerüsts gebunden sind. Neben den Grundprinzipien der Phannomenklatur beschreibt Teil I die grundlegende Methode der Bezifferung von Phanstammverbindungen(K) und die Anwendung der Austauschnomenklatur zur Benennung von Phanstammverbindungen mit Heteroatomen.

Scheme 1. Prinzip der Phannomenklatur. Der Name des vereinfachten Grundgerüsts ist Cycloheptaphan, der Name der Phanstammverbindung 1(2,7)‐Naphthalena‐4(1,3)‐benzenacycloheptaphan.

magnified image

Scheme 1. Prinzip der Phannomenklatur. Der Name des vereinfachten Grundgerüsts ist Cycloheptaphan, der Name der Phanstammverbindung 1(2,7)‐Naphthalena‐4(1,3)‐benzenacycloheptaphan.
Titelbild: Mehrdimensionale Bewegungen mit großer Amplitude: Aufdeckung simultaner Tunnelpfade in Molekülen mit mehreren internen Rotoren / The Glycine–Water Complex (Angew. Chem. 21/2006)
Authors: Schnell Melanie , Grabow Jens‐Uwe , Alonso José L. , Cocinero Emilio J. , Lesarri Alberto , Sanz M. Eugenia , López Juan C.
Published: May 2006

Die Mikrosolvatation von Glycin wurde untersucht, indem Fourier‐Transformations‐Mikrowellenspektroskopie am Überschalldüsenstrahl mit Laserablation und der aus Rotationsspektren erhaltenen Struktur des monohydrierten Komplexes kombiniert wurde. In Verbindung mit theoretischen Überlegungen kann diese Technik auch die innere Dynamik mehrfacher Bewegungen mit großer Amplitude offenlegen (z. B. in (CH3)3XCl mit X=Si, Ge, Sn). Details liefern die Zuschriften von J.‐U. Grabow sowie J. L. Alonso und Mitarbeitern auf S. 3544 bzw. 3551 ff.
The Molecular Solid Sc24C10I30: A Truncated, Hollow T4 Supertetrahedron of Iodine Filled with a T3 Supertetrahedron of Scandium that Encapsulates the Adamantoid Cluster Sc4C10.
Authors: Jongen Liesbet , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Meyer Gerd
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic State of U2XSi3 (X: Fe, Pt).
Authors: Yamamura T. , Li D. X. , Yubuta K. , Shiokawa Y.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Zirconium‐Substituted Isopolytungstates: Structural Models for Zicronia‐Supported Tungsten Catalysts.
Authors: Carabineiro Hugo , Villanneau Richard , Carrier Xavier , Herson Patrick , Lemos Francisco , Ramoa Ribeiro Fernando , Proust Anna , Che Michel
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of YbCuPbSe3.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Kaczorowski D. , Pietraszko A.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis Route to and Physical Properties of Lanthanum Monoiodide.
Authors: Ryazanov Mikhail , Kienle Lorenz , Simon Arndt , Mattausch Hansjuergen
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (Ca,Ln)(Mn,Ti)O3 (Ln: Rare Earth).
Authors: Kobayashi Migaku , Katsuraya Ryouko , Kurita Syou , Yamaguchi Makoto , Satoh Hiroshisa , Kamegashira Naoki
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Chemistry of a New Solid Solution in the BaO—Bi2O3—Nb2O5 System: Ba5x/2Bi(1‐x)5/3Nb5O15.
Authors: Muktha B. , Simon A. , Darriet J. , Row T. N. Guru
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structures and Photoluminescence of Another Crown‐Typed Polyoxotungstoeuropate [H2O@{Eu(H2O)4}2 {Eu(H2O)2(AsW9O33)}4] x‐ in the Presence of Na+ or Ca2+.
Authors: Fukaya Keisuke , Yamase Toshihiro
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Polyoxometalate Compounds Built up of Lacunary Wells—Dawson Anions and Trivalent Lanthanide Cations.
Authors: Lu Ying , Xu Yan , Li Yangguang , Wang Enbo , Xu Xinxin , Ma Ying
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
General Route to Three‐Dimensional Framework Uranyl Transition Metal Phosphates with Atypical Structure Motifs: The Case Examples of Cs2{(UO2)4 [Co(H2O)2] 2(HPO4)(PO4)4} and Cs3+x [(UO2)3CuH4‐x(PO4)5] ×H2O.
Authors: Shvareva Tatiana Y. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Reactivity of New Chiral Bicyclic Phospholanes as Acyl‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: MacKay James A. , Vedejs Edwin
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Immobilization of Pybox Ligand on Modified Starch.
Authors: Cornejo Alfonso , Martinez‐Merino Victor , Gil Maria J. , Valerio Christine , Pinel Catherine
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Promoted Nucleophilic Addition of Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol to Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Di Salvo Andrea , David Marc , Crousse Benoit , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ZrOCl2×8H2O on Montmorillonite K10 Accelerated Conjugate Addition of Amines to α,β‐Unsaturated Alkenes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hashemi Mohammed M. , Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher , Abdollahifar Amir , Khalili Behzad
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mercuric Chloride and Iodide Mediated Cyclization of Tethered Alkynedithioacetals as a General Route to Five‐ and Six‐Membered Rings: Tuning of Regioselectivity by Alkyne Substitution.
Authors: Biswas Goutam , Ghorai Subir , Bhattacharjya Anup
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Proazaphosphatrane P(RNCH2CH2)3N (R: Me, i‐Pr)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Allylaromatics, Allyl Phenyl Sulfide, Allyl Phenyl Sulfone, and bis‐Allylmethylene Double Bond‐Containing Compounds.
Authors: Yu Zhengkun , Yan Shenggang , Zhang Guangtao , He Wei , Wang Liandi , Li Yu , Zeng Fanlong
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Free Chelation‐Assisted Catalytic C—C Bond Cleavage of Unstrained Ketone by Rhodium(I) Complexes under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Ahn Jeong‐Ae , Chang Duck‐Ho , Park Young Jun , Yon Ye Rim , Loupy Andre , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of Alcohols with Catalytic Amounts of IBX.
Authors: Schulze Agnes , Giannis Athanassios
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Methyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxydisulfate as a Mild Selective Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Hajipour A. R. , Zahmatkesh Saeed , Ruoho A. E.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Clean, Facile and Practical Synthesis of α‐Oxoketene S,S‐Acetals in Water.
Authors: Ouyang Yan , Dong Dewen , Yu Haifeng , Liang Yongjiu , Liu Qun
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Highly Regioselective Direct Aldol Additions with a Moisture‐Resistant and Highly Efficient Titanium Catalyst.
Authors: Mahrwald Rainer , Schetter Bernd
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thia‐Michael Addition Reactions Using 2‐[Bis(alkylthio)methylene]‐3‐oxo‐N‐o‐tolylbutanamides as Odorless and Efficient Thiol Equivalents.
Authors: Dong Dewen , Yu Haifeng , Ouyang Yan , Liu Qun , Bi Xihe , Lu Yumei
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation of Amino Alcohols to Ureas.
Authors: Diaz Delmy J. , Hylton Keisha‐Gay , McElwee‐White Lisa
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Influence of Michael Acceptor Stereochemistry on Intramolecular Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reactions.
Authors: Teng Wen‐Dong , Huang Rui , Kwong Cathy Kar‐Wing , Shi Min , Toy Patrick H.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,6‐Disubstituted 1,2‐Diaminocyclohexanes Through Ring‐Closing Metathesis of 4,5‐Diamino‐1,7‐octadiene Derivatives.
Authors: Boga Carla , Fiorelli Claudio , Savoia Diego
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Multisubstituted Halogenated Olefins via Cross‐Coupling of Dihaloalkenes with Alkylzinc Bromides.
Authors: Andrei Daniela , Wnuk Stanislaw F.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient and Efficient Method for the Iodination of Benzylic and Aliphatic Alcohols by Using Al(HSO4)3/KI in Nonaqueous Solution.
Authors: Tajik Hassan , Shirini Farhad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Samimi Faeze
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Diphosphine ddppm‐Iridium Complexes: Effective Asymmetric Imine Hydrogenations at Ambient Pressures.
Authors: Dervisi Athanasia , Carcedo Cristina , Ooi Li‐ling
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dual Activation in Asymmetric Allylsilane Addition to Chiral N‐Acylhydrazones: Method Development, Mechanistic Studies, and Elaboration of Homoallylic Amine Adducts.
Authors: Friestad Gregory K. , Korapala Chandra Sekhar , Ding Hui
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expedited Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Nonaflates Through the Use of Microwave‐Irradiation and Soluble Organic Amine Bases.
Authors: Tundel Rachel E. , Anderson Kevin W. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Aromatic Hydroxylamines and Amines and Its Comparison with Chemical Synthesis.
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Singh R. K. P.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Broadened Scope for the Use of Hydrazones as Neutral Nucleophiles in the Presence of H‐Bonding Organocatalysts.
Authors: Pettersen Daniel , Herrera Raquel P. , Bernardi Luca , Fini Franscesco , Sgarzani Valentina , Fernandez Rosario , Lassaletta Jose M. , Ricci Alfredo
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Water‐Promoted Allylation and Propargylation of Arylepoxides via Rearrangement‐Carbonyl Addition.
Authors: Roy Ujjal Kanti , Roy Sujit
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Formation of Aryl Dialkyl Carbinol as a Side Product from the Reaction of Methoxyarylaldehydes with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Joshi Bhupendra P. , Singh Narendra P. , Sinha Arun K.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Active Ionic Liquid Catalyst for Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lin Chiao‐Yang , Liu Chih‐Wei , Tsai Thomas Y. R.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile and Regioselective Dealkylation of Alkyl Aryl Ethers Using Niobium(V) Pentachloride.
Authors: Sudo Yukinori , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Synthesis of Protected Arylacetaldehydes by Tetrakis(phosphane)palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Ethyleneglycol Vinyl Ether.
Authors: Kondolff Isabelle , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Poly{[4‐(hydroxy)(tosyloxy)iodo]styrene}‐promoted Direct α‐Hydroxylation of Ketones to α‐Hydroxyketones.
Authors: Wan Dong‐Bei , Chen Jiang‐Min
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Method for the Preparation of Di‐, Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Non‐Symmetrical Ureas.
Authors: Bridgeman Eve , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.