bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVISING THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROFESSIONAL DIGITAL COMPETENCIES DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Denisenko A. F. , Grishin R. G. ,   Samara State Technical University, Gasparova L. B. ,   Samara State Technical University, Goryainov D. S. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: April 2022

The research subject is the issue of training personnel capable of being actively involved in digital transformation through applying necessary digital competencies. This paper considers an option for revising the bachelor’s degree program 15.03.05 “Design and Technological Support of Machine-Building Industries” (specialization “Technology of Mechanical Engineering”). The intended result of the revised academic program for students is the acquisition of the applied digital technologies in their future profession and the achievement of set professional targets formed by the enterprises. The algorithm for the development and implementation of the project revision includes three stages. The first stage results in the competence model of a graduate as the foundation of the key changes in training personnel for jobs in digital industries. The second stage focuses on the titles and contents of the courses. Examples of designing a digital competencies profile are provided. The third stage involves designing of academic materials for lecture-type classes, video lectures, video courses, and the materials allowing evaluating the level of digital competencies development. The paper describes the activities implemented at the Chair of Engineering Technology, Manufacturing Machines, and Tools and aimed at revising the content, methods, and forms of an educational activity to prepare graduates highly demanded in the digital economy. The conducted research and analysis of technologies used for digitalization of educational content, and methods of teaching have identified areas for further development of the issue, such as revision of the other academic programs of the specialty 03.15.05 and the Master’s degree program.
THE PROBLEMS OF CALCULATING THE INCOME TAX BASE IN RUSSIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VTB BANK PJSC
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Korolev O. G. , Mutafyan A. S. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The paper shows the fiscal role of taxation of credit institutions, which currently has substantial significance for the Russian budget as commercial banks perform the significant taxes-and-dues payments to the Russian budget. The authors analyzed the structure of taxes from commercial banks to the federal budget and determined the role of income tax in the structure of taxes paid. The paper contains the analysis of the dynamics of VTB Bank (PJSC) expenses on the income tax payments, specifies the deviation of the estimated income tax rate from the effective one. The authors characterized the income and expenditure structure of VTB Bank to calculate income tax based on financial statements and specified the most important items of income and expenditure affecting the income tax payment. The reasons for reducing the income tax amounts of VTB Bank (PJSC) are determined. The authors conclude that income tax is the main tax expenditure item. This conclusion is confirmed based on the analysis of VTB Bank’s financial statements. The study identified the decrease in the level of profit and, accordingly, the income tax paid by the bank starting since 2017. The analysis of VTB Bank income and expenditure items found that the income items related to the calculation of loss provisions, as well as the items related to the accounting of the financial result from transactions with financial instruments had a significant impact on the amounts of the taxable income tax base. The study identified that the introduced IFRS 9 standard, which began to be used by commercial banks in Russia in 2019, influenced these items.
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF LEADING AUDIT PRACTICE OF APPLYING THE GOING CONCERN PRINCIPLE
Authors:   Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Safonova M. F. , Serikov V. V. ,   Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: April 2022

Due to the increased degree of aggression of environmental factors accompanied by the inversion of cooperation with foreign partners, intensification of lobbying their illusory interests, inadequate attitude to our country within the international community, and, on the whole, a strongly pronounced progressing tendency for strengthening a unipolarity system of international relations, it is possible to speak about their pathogenic nature of influence on the endogenous component of the entire national economy. Considering these circumstances, today we are witnessing a serious perturbation of business climate on the scale of national borders manifested by the growth of prices for raw materials, equipment, components and, consequently, by the effect of direct influence on the cost of the finished goods, logistic chains failure, the decrease in credit availability, the outflow of investments, and various embargos. This situation results from the policy of so-called unfriendly countries, which has a sanction tendency and, in general, restrictive nature. In return, it threatens the ability to continue the functioning of companies in the Russian market in the foreseeable future. In such conditions, it is important to have proven, complete, and reliable information about this component of the company’s activities on time. The audit aims to ensure a high level of qualitative and quantitative information parameters. The dual character of audit, on the one hand, ensures post-assessment, and on the other hand, has predictive power. Taking into account the provisions of normative legal acts regulating auditing activities in the Russian Federation, as well as considering the leading domestic and international auditing practice, the authors present a model for checking an audited entity for compliance with the fundamental going concern principle. A detailed examination of each audit stage allowed giving the optimal critical assessment of the conventional audit system in this area both highlighting the gaps caused by the lack of highly effective analytical procedures for the confirmation of the business permanence of an audited entity and pointing out certain imperfections of the Russian accounting practice.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE WTO’S ROLE IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF RUSSIA AND THE RESTRICTIONS IN 2011–2020
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Demidova S. E. , Balog M. M. ,   Pskov State University
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the analysis of the essential documents of the World Trade Organization (WTO), fiscal and financial requirements, and restrictions contained in them, which influence international trade. Based on the analysis, the authors made an effort to group the principles of institutional international trade relations, relevant tools, and mechanisms of their implementation, highlighting the exceptions. The paper analyzes Russian foreign economic activity indices for 2011–2020 in the context of the total volume of international trade, relative dynamics of indices, international partners (foreign countries); critically evaluates the statistical data on net export. The authors consider the application of WTO’s tools to support Russian export potential during the first year of the coronavirus pandemic spreading. The paper lists the countries and export goods, in respect of which the intentions to introduce restrictive measures were adjusted, and the states employed the heaviest restrictions on Russian commodities. The authors conclude that due to the trade liberalization, the developed and large-scale economies, ready for the radical tariff restrictions reduction, gain foremost; the restrictions adversely affect countries, which do not have production facilities; negative outcomes emerge for a country imposing restrictions when exporting raw materials. The reduction of import goods tariffs for the less developed countries causes the exclusion of native manufacturers from the country’s local market, the decline in manufacturing. The authors sum up the conclusions about the WTO’s role in international trade. WTO principles aim to develop trade relations between countries, but the participants should have relevant commercial intentions. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, the authors specify the problems and prospects of Russian trade relations, including those involved in the change of countries-stakeholders. A local domestic market where competitiveness persists mainly due to customer intimacy becomes prevailing for primary sales.
THE INFLUENCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDING CONDITIONS ON THERMAL STABILITY OF АА6061 ALLOY
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Kalinenko A. A. , Mironov S. Yu. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Vysotskiy I. V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Malopheyev S. S. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: April 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative technology for the solid-phase joining of metal materials. It allows producing permanent joints of materials conventionally considered to be nonweldable, in particular aluminum alloys. However, an essential drawback of FSW is the relatively low stability of the stir zone microstructure. In particular, during post-weld heat treatment, seams frequently demonstrate abnormal grain growth. Such an undesirable phenomenon is often interpreted in terms of the so-called Humphrey’s cellular model, according to which the abnormal behavior is attributed to the essential microstructure refinement and the dissolution of the second-phase particles occurring during FSW. Since these two processes significantly depend on the temperature, the authors suggested that the thermal stability of the produced FSW seams should also be associated with the FSW heat conditions. To test this hypothesis, the authors obtained two welded seams at different FSW conditions and then studied their microstructural behavior during T6 mode thermal treatment (involving solution heat treatment followed by artificial aging). The authors used the advanced electron backscatter diffraction technique (EBSD) to investigate microstructure. In full accordance with the initial idea, the investigation showed that microstructural evolution in both studied microstructure states varied wildly. Specifically, the study identified that the reduction in the FSW temperature causes the suppression of abnormal grain growth. The authors suggested that the enhanced thermal stability of the material is associated with the conservation of the second-phase particles during the low-temperature FSW.
THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN MICROHARDNESS, CREEP RATE, AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE VT1-0 TITANIUM FRACTURE SURFACE DEFORMED UNDER THE ACTION OF THE CONSTANT MAGNETIC FIELD OF 0.3 T
Authors:   Siberian State Industrial University, Shlyarov V. V. , Zagulyaev D. V. ,   Siberian State Industrial University, Serebryakova A. A. ,   Siberian State Industrial University
Published: April 2022

Today, a promising research area is the study of the behavior of the materials’ technological and physical characteristics under the external energy effects, such as constant magnetic fields. It is caused by the emergence of multifactorial scientific and industrial problems arising because of the introduction of high technologies into production. One of the directions is the production of new equipment, devices, and machines that somehow form electromagnetic fields around them. Therefore, an umbrella approach to studying the influence of magnetic field effects on the deformation characteristics of metals and alloys contributes to a deeper understanding of the physical nature of this effect. As an object for the research, the authors selected commercially pure titanium of VT1-0 grade. The work aims to study the influence of a constant magnetic field of 0.3 T on microhardness, creep rate, and fracture surface of commercially pure VT1-0 titanium. The results show that under the influence of a constant magnetic field of 0.3 T, the relative value of VT1-0 titanium microhardness decreases by 2–5 %, followed by relaxation to the initial value. The creep rate of titanium increases by approximately 31 % when applying a field of 0.3 T induction during the test (without field applying, the creep rate is 2.4 %/h, in the magnetic field is 3 %/h). The fracture surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that titanium specimens undergo ductile fracture. Numerous equiaxial destruction pits characterize the fracture surface. It should be noted that pits with the stretched areas are present mainly on the samples destroyed under the creep conditions in a constant magnetic field of 0.3 T.
Criteria for Locating Temporary Shelters for Refugees of Conflicts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramazani Reza , Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas , Yari Arezoo , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Soltani Ahmad , Rostami Shah Bakhti , Heydari Ahad
Published: April 2022

Background: We aimed to identify the indicators and criteria to locate temporary shelters for conflict refugees.
Methods: This systematic review evaluated the full-text of the related articles in international electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochran, and Google Scholar from the beginning and without time limit to 1 June 2019. In addition, this search was based on a strategy developed by the researchers. The studies were selected regardless of their methods and two data extraction forms were used to extract the most relevant and important information.
Results: Among 10124 cases of primary documents, 38 articles were selected, and 25 articles were analyzed in full-text. Totally, 45 indicators were identified and classified into two main categories of physical and non-physical indicators with six subcategories of land ownership, host government, access to infrastructures, site safety, land characteristics, and economic, social, and cultural considerations.
Conclusion: The selection of temporary shelters for the conflict refugees requires the identification of all the specific influential factors not properly addressed. The final indicators obtained in our review could be incorporated into the development of the models required in this regard.
Consumer perceived ethicality of banks in the era of digitalisation: The case of Poland
Authors: Piotrowski Dariusz
Published: April 2022

Ethically conducted business has a positive impact on consumer trust, satisfaction and loyalty. The aim of this paper is to identify the bank activities that customers perceive as ethical and to what extent they affect consumer perceived ethicality. The binomial logit model applied in this study demonstrates that the honesty of financial advice, use of e-banking services and use of artificial intelligence technology to improve the quality of banking services have a significantly positive impact on consumers’ perception of banks in Poland as ethical institutions. Significant variables that negatively influence consumer perceived ethicality include gender, education, use of financial advisory services, banks’ manipulation of information about financial products and use of personal data against the will of customers.
An analysis of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in the context of Turkey: A nonlinear approach
Authors: Temurlenk Mehmet Sinan , Lögün Anıl
Published: April 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important driver of countries’ economic development. Factors such as looser environmental regulations may cause dirty FDI to flow mainly to developing countries. This is explained by the Pollution Haven Hypothesis. The paper aims to investigate whether the Pollution Haven Hypothesis is valid in Turkey using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach for the period 1974–2017. The results show that FDI inflows and carbon emissions have asymmetric effects in both the short and long term for Turkey, supporting the Pollution Haven Hypothesis. Furthermore, there is a link between carbon emissions and trade openness, manufacturing and economic growth. Policymakers should develop the policies necessary to transfer clean technologies to Turkey by providing improvements and technical advances for a more efficient energy use.
Special state aid measures during COVID-19 and corporate dividend policy: Early evidence from Polish public companies
Authors: Kluzek Marta , Schmidt-Jessa Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

The main aim of this paper is to verify whether companies that received special state aid as part of anti-crisis help to mitigate the negative effects of the coronavirus pandemic decided to pay dividends in 2020. The probability of paying dividend was lower for companies that were granted state aid, the variable was statistically significant and the impact was relevant. Among Polish listed companies those ones that received state aid and paid dividends were of average size and age but had the highest level of cash ratio and the lowest level of debt. If a similar crisis occurs in the future the main task for policymakers will be to provide more directed and unambiguous aid for companies in order to avoid unproductive spending as well as to provide general rules that will restrict dividend payment for beneficiaries of any state-aid.
Efecto de la fritura por inmersión al vacío en rodajas de mango “tommy atkins” deshidratadas osmóticamente
Authors: Acosta Castaño Mateo , Chavez Salazar Andrés , Castellanos Galeano Francisco Javier
Published: April 2022

El mango es un fruto exótico del cual, en los últimos 10 años se cosecharon 40.258.695 ton a nivel mundial. Este es consumido en productos de bajo grado de transformación. La fritura por inmersión al vacío de matrices alimentarias combinada con deshidratación osmótica como pretratamiento, es una técnica alternativa y novedosa en el procesamiento de frutas, debido a las bajas temperaturas utilizadas en el proceso de obtención de snacks con características organolépticas preferidas por los consumidores. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar las condiciones de operación en la obtención de rodajas de mango deshidratadas osmóticamente en solución de sacarosa (28,9%), cloruro de sodio (3,2%) y ácido cítrico (0,3%) y sometidas a un proceso de fritura por inmersión al vacío, por medio de un análisis de superficie de respuesta con un Diseño Central Compuesto Rotable (DCCR), el valor óptimo arrojado por el sistema estadístico fue de: fuerza impulsora de 42,4°C, presión del sistema de 10 kPa y tiempo de inmersión de 473,5 s, minimizando los siguientes factores: cambio de color, contenido de humedad y grasa. Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis sensorial sobre el producto obtenido por el óptimo estadístico, señalo un producto de crocancia y sabores agradables al paladar del consumidor.
Estudio de los parámetros de extracción de acrilamida en snack de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en Colombia
Authors: Patiño Arias Lina Paola , Cardona Castaño Julio Andrés , Castellanos Galeano Francisco Javier
Published: April 2022

Las autoridades suecas reportaron, para el año 2002, la presencia de acrilamida en gran variedad de alimentos y sus efectos cancerígenos en humanos. Dicho compuesto orgánico está presente en alimentos que contienen azúcares reductores, asparagina y que a su vez son sometidos a procesos térmicos que superan los 120°C. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de algunos parámetros de extracción en el porcentaje de recuperación de acrilamida en muestras de papas fritas. Para tal fin, se emplearon muestras comerciales, soluciones estándar para la curva de calibración y el dopaje, n-hexano, agua tipo I y solución Carrez. Adicionalmente, se utilizaron vortex, ultrasonido, centrifuga y HPLC. El método analítico se evaluó en función de linealidad, límite de detección y cuantificación. La significación estadística de las variables se probó aplicando la prueba t-Student. Se lograron recuperaciones del analito estudiado hasta del 86%, además, se establecieron los siguientes parámetros de extracción: 8 g MgSO4 y 1 g NaCl de solución Carrez, 0,5 g de muestra, dopaje en el momento de la extracción. Los parámetros evaluados influyen de manera importante en el rendimiento de las extracciones, excepto el ultrasonido, el cual no presentó un efecto significativo sobre el porcentaje de extracción.
Evaluacion del rendimiento de quinua bajo diferentes densidades, fertilizacion y métodos de siembra en Cauca
Authors: Montes Rojas Consuelo , Burbano Catuche Guido Ary , Muñoz Certuche Edwin Fernando
Published: April 2022

Esta investigación se realizó en el municipio de Bolívar - Cauca, vereda El Tambo, Corregimiento Los Milagros,  localizado a 2589 m.s.n.m, donde se evaluó el comportamiento del ecotipo  Blanca del Cauca bajo 3 niveles de fertilización, con 3 densidades de siembra y 3 métodos de siembra bajo un diseño de parcelas subdivididas con 3 repeticiones y el ecotipo PROCAUCA 016  con 2  densidades de siembra  y 2 niveles de fertilización en un diseño completamente al azar con 3 repeticiones. Las variables de respuesta fueron las fases fenológicas y los componentes de rendimiento. Para la preparación del terreno se utilizó labranza mínima, la parcela útil estuvo constituida por los 3 surcos centrales tomando 4 m efectivos, se dejaron 50 cm de cabecera a cada lado y los 2 surcos laterales como bordes, los tratamientos se determinaron can base en análisis de suelo y la experiencia de los investigadores en el manejo del cultivo. El ciclo productivo estuvo entre 116,2 y 168,6 días evidenciando la precocidad de PROCAUCA 016, en cuanto a rendimiento para Blanca del Cauca, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con trasplante de plantas provenientes de siembra en bandeja comercial, densidad chorrillo con fertilización testigo y con  PROCAUCA 016 los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con siembra a chorrillo y fertilización ideal.
Evaluación morfoagronómica de 19 materiales de Chenopodium quinoa en el Departamento de Boyacá
Authors: Morillo Coronado Ana Cruz , Manjarres Hernández Elsa Helena , Morillo Coronado Yacenia
Published: April 2022

La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) es un cultivo de grano que se cultiva en la región de los Andes desde los valles centrales de Colombia hasta la zona sur de Chile. En Colombia, es un cultivo de pequeña escala, donde el conocimiento de su variabilidad es reducido. Dentro de este contexto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal realizar una caracterización morfológica a 19 materiales de quinua en el departamento de Boyacá utilizando 27 descriptores morfológicos. La estimación de la variación morfológica se hizo mediante el análisis de correlación, componentes principales y conglomerados. Los resultados muestran que los coeficientes de variación más altos se encontraron en los caracteres cuantitativos. Los análisis de componentes principales explicaron más del 70% de la variación observada siendo las características presencia y color de axilas, presencia y color de estrías, altura de la planta, número de panojas, rendimiento de semillas por planta y peso de 1000 granos. Los conglomerados mostraron una distribución laxa de todos los individuos evaluados con rendimientos y peso de grano promedios, y la relación entre la quinua y la especie relacionada kiwicha. La caracterización morfológica de estos materiales pone de manifiesto la existencia de variabilidad que puede ser utilizada en programas de conservación y mejoramiento genético de la especie en el departamento de Boyacá.
Systolic blood pressure variability within 120 hours of admission predicts the functional outcomes at discharge of patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Pedro Tiago , Pereira Pedro , Costa Ana Sofia , Almeida Fábio , Loureiro Maria Luísa , Alfaiate Teresa , Gonçalves Abílio
Published: April 2022

Background: Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a predictor of short- and long-term disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Its effect on more immediate functional outcomes has been seldom studied, and the results are inconsistent. We aimed to determine the role of BPV during the first 5 days of hospitalization in functional status at the time of discharge of patients with AIS.Methods: We enrolled 134 patients diagnosed with AIS and BPV using standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV %). These were associated with the dichotomized modified Rankin Scale at discharge using logistic regression. Results: Patients with unfavorable outcomes were significantly older (P=0.014), had a lower body mass index (P=0.001), were less likely to present with dyslipidemia (P=0.001), had lower serum triglyceride levels (P=0.012), had a longer hospitalization period (P<0.001), and had a higher mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission (P<0.001). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the CV % of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the first 120 hours after admission had a significant effect on functional disability at discharge. Conclusion: Variability in SBP in the first 5 days of hospitalization had a deleterious effect on the functional outcomes at discharge of patients with AIS. The role of diabolic blood pressure variability seems to be significant only in the first 24 hours of admission; however, further research is required.
​​Identifying Some Morphological Features of Mutant Quinoa Plants (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Eğritaş Ömer , Tan Mustafa , Haliloğlu Kamil
Published: April 2022

Background: This research was carried out to obtain seeds from M1 and M2 level mutant plants of Titicaca cultivar of quinoa and to make some distinctive morphological observations. Methods: Sodium azide was applied to the Titicaca variety of quinoa in 2018 and planted in a random order on plots in the field to obtain seeds at M1 level. When the plants reached the maturity of the seed harvest, they were removed from the soil and the number of growing days, plant height, stem thickness, number of branches, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were measured and calculated at the M2 generation study. The seeds obtained from the M1 generation were planted in the field. In the period when the plants had 3 leaves, total herbicide with imazamox active ingredient was applied to the green parts of the plants. Afterwards, resistant plants were determined and M2 seeds were produced. Then, some measurements were made by growing M2 seeds in vases under greenhouse conditions. Results from mutant plants were compared with control plants. Result: According to the measurements made, M1 generation it was seen that the average number of branches was statistically less in mutant plants than in control plants. No statistically significant difference was found between the measurements obtained from control and mutant plants for other features. However, according to the measurements made in the M2 generation, the difference between the values of the control and mutant plants was found to be statistically significant.
TLC Perú - Japón: Análisis de las variables que impactaron en el dinamismo de las exportaciones de la partida arancelaria 07.10.80.1000, espárragos congelados, durante los años 2008 al 2018
Authors:   , Aguilar Mamani Dhalinn José , Rivera Verastegui Nelson Alexander
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación analizará las variables determinantes y relacionadas en las exportaciones de espárragos congelados para la partida arancelaria 07.10.80.1000 de la Republica de Perú con destino al Estado del Japón, considerando como periodo de análisis de 2008 al 2018. La investigación toma relevancia desde el punto de vista del producto, considerando que el volumen exportado del esparrago fresco viene reduciéndose en los últimos años y a diferencia del esparrago congelado que viene ganando participación. Asimismo, el Estado de Japón resalta entre los demás mercados por el incremento sustancial para las importaciones de productos agroindustriales congelados. El presente trabajo tiene un enfoque cualitativo con una alcance descriptivo y explicativo bajo un diseño no experimental. Se establecieron dos variables principales para el presente trabajo de investigación, las medidas sanitaras y fitosanitarias y la competitividad. Dentro de las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, el indicador con mayor relevancia son las exigencias del consumidor japonés, es decir el 37% de los entrevistados mencionan que el estándar del consumidor final es más riguroso para la aprobación de los productos a exportar. Dentro de la competitividad, el indicador con mayor relevancia es la calidad del producto, es decir el 32% de los entrevistados mencionan que el consumidor japonés por el estilo de vida que lleva y hábitos de consumo busca la practicidad y calidad de sus alimentos. En conclusión, la competitividad con un 62% es la variable determinante para el dinamismo de las exportaciones de espárragos congelados de Perú a Japón. Mientras que las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias con un 38% es un variable relacionada.
Political consumerism: An integrative review
Authors: De Oliveira Becheri Juliana , Teixeira Santos Lauriene , Yutaka Sugano Joel , Montagnana Vicente Leme Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2022

Consumers are gradually becoming more conscious of the strength of their consumption, expressing discontent and opinions and demanding improvements in organizations. Due to the extensive theoretical background, this article aims to compile research about political consumption through an integrative review on WOS and Scopus. At the end of the methodological procedures, 36 articles were obtained and analyzed with the content analysis technique. The results show that personal influences and motivations for political consumption are based on sociodemographic situation, political ideology, and internet use. This framework synthesized the phases of political consumption, the main actions, and the main actors involved.
Holy babies and the wrong dead: two extremes of the Russian Medieval funeral rite
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shokarev S.Yu.
Published: April 2022

In the Life of the Uglich holy child Ioann Chepolosov, murdered in 1663, there is twice a motif associated with a non-canonical burial. The boy wanted to take part in the вЂњsend-offвЂќ of the вЂњskudelnitsaвЂќ (the mass grave of those who could not be buried inside the church fence) and after his death, his body was thrown into a swampy area, like an outcast dead man. The connection between the holy children and the wrong dead can also be traced in the Lives of other blessed children and youths. It seems that it is not accidental, but shows two extremes in the medieval perception of death: the expectation of a good transition to a better world and the fear of the unknown, fears for the fate of the soul after death.
Dynamics of mortality rates in the European North-East of Russia in the late XIX вЂ“ early XX cemtury
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Vishnyakova D.V.
Published: April 2022

The paper describes the dynamics of mortality of the population of the European North-East of Russia in the late XIX - early XX century. The total mortality rates of the population in the region are compared with the indicators for European Russia. The process of reducing the overall birth and death rates taking place at the all-Russian level, was not noted in the Komi Region. At the same time, the mortality rate of the urban population was significantly lower than that of the rural population. Throughout the studied period, high mortality was characterized by a significant concentration in younger age groups. The mortality rate of children under the age of one year averaged 45-50% of the total number of deaths in the region. At the same time, the process of reducing the proportion of deaths in older age groups has begun among the population of the region.
Finnish literature in the Komi language
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Rakin N.A.
Published: April 2022

Despite the fact that Komi literary translation has a long history (its origins date back to the XIV century), it still remains poorly studied. This fully applies to translation activities between the Komi and other related Finno-Ugric languages, including translations from the Finnish language. The first Komi translations from Finnish literature appeared yet in the 1920s, but the majority of the available translations were made since the 1980s. About several dozens of works by various Finnish authors are presented in the Komi language. The translations of poetry prevail. Compared with translations from other Finno-Ugric literatures, the share of direct translations from the original language is much higher.
Haplotypes diversity of the coi gene of the pink salmon Оncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) in the pechora river basin
Authors:   Institute of Biology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Rafikov R.R. , Shadrin D.M.
Published: April 2022

Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walba-um, 1792) is an anadromous epipelagic species that forms the basis of the Far East fishing in¬dustry. The result of the work on its acclimati¬zation carried out in the second half of the XX cen-tury was the rapid expansion of the area, in¬cluding the rivers of the European northeast of Russia. The findings of this species in the Pe¬chora river basin, which is the largest river sys¬tem in the area of distribution, allowed us to carry out a general morphological description of the pink salmon. The obtained values of the meristic characteris¬tics of the studied individuals indicate that they are close to the typical form of the pink salmon species. It is noted that the number of this spe¬cies in the Pechora River is extremely unstable. The analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (n = 71), carried out on the basis of our own data and in¬formation from the GenBank database, revealed 15 haplotypes. The average number of nucleo-tide differences per site (nucleotide diversity - Pi) was 0.00303 ± 0.000024. The transi¬tions/transversions ratio corresponded to the value of 2.4. The haplotype diversity value (Hd) is 0.823. In 11 tissue samples of pink salmon caught in the watercourses of the European northeast of Russia, 7 haplotypes of the COI gene were found, which is a fairly high ratio. An increase in the sample size will lead to the identification of even greater diversity for the studied gene in the acquired part of the range of the studied species. It is suggested that the main genetic effects of the «bottleneck» and «founder», characteristic of the populating by this species of a new territory, may not be ob¬served. The main reason is assumed to be a fairly large number of individuals from differ¬ent years of generations used in the process of introduction of pink salmon.
Scheme of development and placement of nature protected araes of the Komi republic
Authors:   Institute of Biology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Degteva S.V. , Ermakov A.A.
Published: April 2022

The paper provides information on the current state and prospects of development of the network of Nature Protected Areas of the Komi Republic. At the initiative of scientists, public organizations, and the local population, with the sup-port of the state authorities of the region and the Russian Federation, an extensive system of Nature Protected Areas was created. It includes 4 reserves of federal subordination, 228 nature reserves (zakazniks) and nature monuments of regional significance and 2 protected objects of local significance. The analysis showed that there are significant gaps in the network of Nature Protected Areas. In 2019–2021 a promising scheme for the development and placement of Nature Protected Areas of the Komi Republic was developed, based on the analysis of gaps and taking into account the interests of socio-economic development of the region and adjacent subjects of the Russian Federation. The paper gives characteristics of the scheme. The implementation of the scheme, which involves the creation of 26 nature reserves (zakazniks) and nature monuments of regional significance, will contribute to the formation of a representative, effectively managed system of Nature Protected Areas linked into an ecological framework.
A Survey on Machine Learning and Internet of Medical Things-Based Approaches for Handling COVID-19: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Band Shahab , Ardabili Sina , Yarahmadi Atefeh , Pahlevanzadeh Bahareh , Kausar Kiani Adiqa , Beheshti Amin , Alinejad Rokny Hamid , Dehzangi Iman , Chang Arthur , Mosavi Amir , Moslehpour Massoud
Published: April 2022

Early diagnosis, prioritization, screening, clustering and tracking of COVID-19 patients, and production of drugs and vaccines are some of the applications that have made it necessary to use a new style of technology to involve, to manage and deal with this epidemic. Strategies backed by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have been undeniable to understand how the virus works and try to prevent it from spreading. Accordingly, the main aim of this survey article is to highlight the methods of ML, IoT and the integration of IoT and ML-based techniques in the applications related to COVID-19 from the diagnosis of the disease to the prediction of its outbreak. According to the main findings, IoT provided a prompt and efficient approach of following the disease spread. Most of the studies developed by ML-based techniques for handling COVID-19 based dataset provided performance criteria. The most popular performance criteria, is related to accuracy factor. It can be employed for comparing the ML-based methods with different datasets. According to the results, CNN with SVM classifier, Genetic CNN and pre-trained CNN followed by ResNet, provided highest accuracy values. On the other hand, the lowest accuracy was related to single CNN followed by XGboost and KNN methods.
Interpolating Strange Attractors via Fractional Brownian Bridges
Authors: Raubitzek Sebastian , Neubauer Thomas , Friedrich Jan , Rauber Andreas
Published: April 2022

We present a novel method for interpolating univariate time series data. The proposed method combines multi-point fractional Brownian bridges, a genetic algorithm, and Takens’ theorem for reconstructing a phase space from univariate time series data. The basic idea is to first generate a population of different stochastically interpolated time series data, and secondly, to use a genetic algorithm to find the pieces in the population which generate the smoothest reconstructed phase space trajectory. A smooth trajectory curve is hereby found to have a low variance of second derivatives along the curve. For simplicity, we refer to the developed method as PhaSpaSto-interpolation, which is an abbreviation for phase-space-trajectory-smoothing stochastic interpolation. The proposed approach is tested and validated with a univariate time series of the Lorenz system, five non-model data sets and tested against a cubic spline interpolation and a linear linear interpolation. We find that the criterion for smoothness guarantees low errors on known model and non-model data. Finally, we interpolate the discussed non-model data sets, and show the corresponding improved phase space portraits. The proposed method is useful for interpolating low-sampled time series data sets for, e.g., machine learning, regression analysis, or time series prediction approaches.
Self-Consistent Maxwell-Dirac Theory
Authors: Rashkovskiy Sergey
Published: April 2022

We show that quantum mechanics can be constructed as a classical field theory that correctly describes all basic quantum effects, by combining the Maxwell and Dirac equations. It is shown that for a self-consistent union of the Maxwell and Dirac equations into a unified classical field theory, it is necessary to introduce an additional short-range tensor field, which compensates the intrinsic electrostatic field of the electron wave inside the atom. For the combined Maxwell-Dirac field, the stress-energy tensor is constructed. We show that in the nonrelativistic limit this theory naturally transforms into the self-consistent Maxwell-Pauli theory and allows describing all basic quantum effects in the framework of classical field theory without any quantization.
New and Perspective Directions for the Development of Active RC- and RLC- Filter Architectures of the Sallen-Key Family
Authors: Denisenko Darya , Chumakov Vladislav , Ivanov Yuriy , Prokopenko Nikolai
Published: April 2022

An extended classification of active RC- and RLC- filters with Sallen-Key architectures, including those created in the last three years, is proposed. This makes it possible to formulate new design directions for an extended family of active RC- and RLC- Sallen-Key filters (PF, LPF, HPF, RF) for the tasks of high-speed and ultra-fast analog-to-digital signal conversion.
Error Related Brain Microstate Analysis during A Complex Surgical Motor Task
Authors: Walia Pushpinder , Fu Yaoyu , Norfleet Jack , Schwaitzberg Steven D. , Intes Xavier , De Suvranu , Cavuoto Lora , Dutta Anirban
Published: April 2022

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a training module designed to provide basic surgical skills. During skill training of the FLS "suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying" task – the most difficult among the five psychomotor FLS tasks, learning from errors is one of the basic principles of motor skill acquisition where appropriate contextual switching of the brain state on error is postulated. This study investigated changes in the brain state following an error event based on the fusion of simultaneously acquired functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Here, human error processing is postulated to differentiate experts from novices based on the differences in the error-related chain of mental processes. Thirteen right-handed novice medical students and nine expert surgeons participated in this study. Error-related microstate analysis was performed using 32-channel EEG data at a high temporal resolution. Six microstate prototypes were identified from combined EEG data from experts and novices during the FLS task. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that the proportion of the total time spent in different microstates during the 10 sec error epoch was significantly affected by the skill level (p<0.01), microstate type (p<0.01), and the interaction between the skill level and the microstate type (p<0.01). Then, the EEG band power (1-40Hz) related to slower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) changes were found using regularized temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis of the fNIRS-EEG signals. The HbO signal from the fNIRS channel overlying ‘Frontal_Inf_Oper_L’, ‘Frontal_Mid_Orb_L’, ‘Postcentral_L’, ‘Temporal_Sup_L’, ‘Frontal_Mid_Orb_R’ cortical areas from Automatic Anatomical Labelling showed significant (p<0.05) difference between experts and novices in the 10-sec error epoch. Here, the frontal/prefrontal cortical areas are postulated to be related to the perception and the activation of the primary somatosensory cortex at the postcentral cortical area is hypothesized to be related to the action underpinning perception-action coupling model for the error-related chain of mental processes. Therefore, our study highlighted the importance of error-related brain states from portable brain imaging when comparing complex surgical skill levels.
Affordable High Throughput Field Detection of Wheat Stripe Rust Using Deep Learning with Semi-Automated Image Labeling
Authors: Tang Zhou , Wang Meinan , Schirrmann Michael , Dammer Karl-Heinz , Li Xianran , Brueggeman Robert , Sankaran Sindhuja , Carter Arron , Pumphrey Michael , Hu Yang , Chen Xianming , Zhang Zhiwu
Published: April 2022

Stripe rust ​​(caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and causes large-scale epidemics and severe yield loss. Applying fungicides during early epidemic development is crucial to controlling the disease but is often challenged by resource-limited human visual scouting. Deep learning has the potential to process images and videos captured from affordable devices to empower high-throughput phenotyping for early detection of stripe rust for timely application of fungicides and improve control efficiency. Here, we developed RustNet, a neural network-based image classifier, for efficiently monitoring fields for stripe rust. RustNet was built on a ResNet-18 architecture pre-trained with ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) dataset using transfer learning. RGB images and videos of multiple wheat fields with different wheat types (winter and spring wheat), conditions (irrigated and non-irrigated), and locations were acquired using smartphones or unmanned aerial vehicles near the canopy. A semi-automated image labeling approach was conducted to improve labeling efficiency by combining automated machine labeling and human correction. Cross-validations across multiple categories (sensor platforms, wheat types, and locations) achieved Area Under Curve from 0.72 to 0.87. Independent validation on a published dataset from Germany achieved accuracies ranging from 0.79 to 0.86. The visualization of the last convolutional layer of RustNet demonstrated the identification of pixels with stripe rust. RustNet is freely available at https://zzlab.net/RustNet.
Flexible Thin-Film Device for Powering Soft Robots
Authors: Horii Tatsuhiro , Fujie Toshinori , Fukuda Kenjiro ,   School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan,   Thin-Film Device Laboratory & Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Published: April 2022

The emergence of soft robots with “flexible motion” is expected to be improved by incorporating flexible energy harvesting technology and electronic devices with excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, it is important to improve the design and performance of the device itself, according to the soft adherend to which the device is applied. In this study, we outline the design of flexible devices from a mechanical viewpoint and introduce our recent achievements.
Evaluating Axon Conduction Characteristics of Cultured Sensory Neurons Toward Soft Robot Control
Authors: Shimba Kenta , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko ,   School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo  7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo  4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
Published: April 2022

Information processing in axons has attracted attention for potential application in the control of soft robots. In this letter, we present the evaluation of axon conduction properties in cultured sensory neurons. Distal axons showed latency oscillations in response to high-frequency stimulation, thereby suggesting the suitability of our method for evaluating the information processing function of axons. Understanding axon information processing has a potential to contribute to the development of an advanced control method for soft robots.