bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepciones sobre lactancia materna exclusiva y razones de su abandono en madres primerizas del Hospital María Auxiliadora del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores 2018
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Gonzales Jesus Andrea Araceli , Trucios Bayton Lizset Fiorela
Published: November 2020

Introducción: Según la ENDES 2018, a nivel nacional, el 66.4% de niños y niñas menores de seis meses han recibido lactancia materna exclusiva (LME). Diversos estudios han demostrado los beneficios de la lactancia materna para la madre como para el bebé y estudios cualitativos encuentran que la influencia de los familiares, el personal de salud, las amistades y las percepciones sobre la lactancia materna pueden constituirse en factores que afectan la duración de la LME. Objetivo: Explorar las percepciones sobre lactancia materna exclusiva y razones de su abandono en madres primerizas mayores de 18 años del Hospital María Auxiliadora del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores. Métodos: El estudio es cualitativo y de diseño fenomenológico. Se realizaron 2 entrevistas a profundidad a informantes clave, 19 entrevistas a profundidad y 2 grupos focales a madres, haciendo un total de 31 madres primerizas con niños entre 1 a 7 meses de nacido. Resultados: El tipo de parto por cesárea origina un retraso en el inicio de la LME, la introducción de agüitas y/o infusiones se inician a partir del tercer mes por la percepción de sed, gases y estreñimiento del bebé. La introducción de fórmulas lácteas se da a partir de la semana de nacido el bebé por el tipo de parto, la baja producción de leche, la percepción de hambre del bebé, el trabajo o estudio de la madre y los mensajes contradictorios que reciben de parte de familiares y personal de salud. Conclusión: El parto por cesárea, el apego tardío, la baja producción de leche materna, los problemas en los senos, el hambre, la sed, el antojo del bebé, los gases y el estreñimiento del bebé, son las razones que la gran mayoría de las madres mencionan para justificar la introducción de agüitas, infusiones, fórmulas lácteas o comiditas antes de los 6 meses de edad de sus bebés. Asimismo, el reincorporarse al trabajo o a los estudios, la consejería contradictoria y la publicidad poco llamativa también son factores que generan la interrupción o el abandono de la LME.
Tipificación y determinación de los cambios en la composición de la microbiota presente en los distintos procesos de elaboración del tocosh de papa (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Jiménez Guerrero Carlos Fernando , Bernardi Espinoza Diego
Published: November 2020

Los alimentos fermentados son una excelente fuente de microorganismos con una serie de beneficios para el consumidor. En las zonas altoandinas de Perú, uno de los fermentados más consumidos por los pobladores es el tocosh, al cual se le han atribuido efectos benéficos en la salud del consumidor. Los efectos benéficos podrían originarse en la microbiota asociada al tocosh y/o a sus procesos de elaboración. Por lo tanto, en el presente estudio, se buscó determinar la composición microbiana del tocosh y como esta cambia en tres etapas de elaboración. La tipificación de la microbiota del tocosh se analizó mediante secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS del inglés) y herramientas bioinformáticas. Se determinó que en las tres muestras predominan los filos Clostridium y Prevotella. Asimismo, se evidenció variaciones entre las muestras con relación a la microbiota del alimento, por ejemplo, en los filos bacterianos Firmicutes y Bacteroidetes. También se encontraron géneros y especies con capacidad productora de antibióticos, como es el caso de Actinomicetales. Por último, este estudio es el primero en utilizar secuenciamiento de próxima generación para obtener un mapeo general de las bacterias existentes al interno del tocosh con un total de 720 especies identificadas adicionales a más del 50% de especies aun no identificadas. Este estudio podría servir como guía para posibles investigaciones futuras que busquen cultivar las bacterias encontradas en el tocosh y posiblemente probar la actividad antimicrobiana atribuida durante muchos años por el poblador altoandino.
Diversidad de la dieta y anemia en niños de 6 a 23 meses de edad en Perú, ENDES 2015 -2016
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Málaga Sánchez Astrid Carolina , Manco Agreda Carla Karina
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre anemia y diversidad en la dieta en niños de 6 a 23 meses de edad, según la ENDES, Perú 2015 - 2016. Materiales y métodos: realizamos un estudio analítico transversal aplicando un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2015 y 2016, en el cual se incluyeron a todos los niños de 6 a 23 meses de edad a quienes se les midió hemoglobina. Se consideró “anemia” cuando los valores de hemoglobina eran menores a 11g/dL y se consideró “dieta diversa” para aquellos niños que recibieron 4 o más grupos alimentarios durante el día anterior a la entrevista. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, asimismo, el análisis bivariado y multivariado se realizó mediante la prueba de modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson para calcular las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas (RPa) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Para el análisis de datos se usó STATA 12. Resultados: se incluyeron 13 545 niños, de los cuales 51,27% fueron varones. La edad promedio fue de 12,76±5,15 meses. El 57,02% presentó anemia y el 74,90% tuvo una dieta diversa. No se encontró asociación entre anemia y diversidad de la dieta; sin embargo, la anemia fue menor en niños del género masculino (RPa: 0,90; IC95%: 0,84-0,96), de menor edad (RPa: 0,97; IC95%: 0,97-0,98), y mayor riqueza (Quintil intermedio; RPa: 0,89; CI95%: 0,80-0,98; Cuarto quintil; RPa: 0,79; CI95%: 0,70-0,89; Quintil superior; RPa: 0,60; IC95%: 0,51- 0,70); y fue mayor en niños con baja talla para la edad (RPa: 1,11; IC95%: 1,01-1,22) Conclusión: existe una elevada prevalencia de anemia en niños de 6 a 23 meses. No se encontró asociación significativa entre anemia y diversidad de la dieta, más sí con otras variables sociodemográficas y clínicas.
Variación de la calidad de la dieta por región natural del Perú en adolescentes y adultos
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Garcia López Camila María , Infantas Velarde Claudia Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la dieta por región natural del Perú en adolescentes y adultos. Materiales y métodos: El presente es un análisis secundario de la base de datos del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1113 sujetos de diferentes regiones del país (Lima, resto de costa, sierra y selva). Para medir la calidad de la dieta se calculó el HEI (Índice de Alimentación Saludable), a través de la información del consumo de alimentos por recordatorio de consumo de 24 horas de dos días no consecutivos. El HEI se clasificó en no saludable (<60 puntos HEI), medianamente saludable (60-79 puntos) y saludable (> 80 puntos). Resultados: La media del puntaje HEI fue 71.0 (DE: 10,0), las mujeres tuvieron mayor puntaje que los hombres (72,2 (DE: 10,0) vs 69,5 (DE: 9,7); p<0.001, respectivamente). El consumo de lácteos obtuvo un mayor puntaje en la Sierra y menor en la Selva (6,76 (DE: 4,53) vs 2,86 (DE: 4,24); p<0.001, respectivamente). Asimismo, las carnes tuvieron mayor puntaje en la Costa y Selva y menor en la Sierra (4,76 (DE: 0,89), 4,76 (DE: 0,84) vs 4,24 (DE: 1,49); p<0.001, respectivamente). La regresión lineal ajustada mostró que la Sierra tiene mayor puntaje de HEI (coef: 1.89 EE: 0.75; p=0.012) y la selva el menor puntaje (coef: -5.31, EE: 1.01; p<0.001) en relación a Lima y Resto de costa. Conclusión: El lugar de residencia afecta el índice de calidad, siendo la Sierra la que presenta un mayor índice de alimentación saludable y la selva el menor en comparación a las otras regiones.
¿Qué hay ahí? Similitudes y diferencias de la microbiota del alga roja Chondracanthus chamissoi de Ancón y Paracas
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Pereira Gil Eiji Leandro , Vigo Saavedra Flor de Rosa María
Published: November 2020

La gran actividad metabólica que caracteriza la microbiota permite mantener una relación de simbiosis con el ser humano, impactando de forma positiva en el desarrollo vital de ambos. Algunos alimentos aportan a la microbiota, entre estos se encuentran los fermentados, verduras, frutas y algas. La biota de diferentes algas ha sido tipificada, sin embargo no se habían realizado estudios del alga roja más consumida en Perú, Chondracanthus chamissoi (Yuyo). En este estudio se tipificó la microbiota de C. chamissoi Ancón y Paracas, las cuales fueron extraídas del mar, compradas del mercado del lugar, además se muestreó agua de mar de Ancón (Lima) y Paracas (Ica) mediante secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS, por sus siglas en inglés) del gen 16S rRNA. Como resultado se obtuvo un total de 153 323 secuencias, las cuales fueron asignadas taxonómicamente en 19 filos, 41 clases, 90 órdenes, 193 familias, 484 géneros y 716 especies mediante la plataforma Base Space de Illumina. El filo más encontrado fue Proteobacterias seguido por Bacteroidetes y Cyanobacterias. Se encontraron 24 especies en común entre las muestras de alga. Además, se encontró un número elevado de especies presentes solo en muestras extraídas de los mercados correspondientes, indicando posible contaminación cruzada. Entre el 55,27%-58,87% de especies bacterianas encontradas resultaron no estar clasificadas. El análisis semi-cuantitativo permitió a su vez asignar la representación relativa de cada bacteria en las algas de Ancón y Paracas. Muchas especies que se encontraron en una abundancia significativa han sido previamente estudiadas, muchas de ellas implicadas en la industria alimentaria y/o salud de humanos y animales. Este es el caso de Psycrobacter namhaensis; empleada como probiótico para la tilapia del Nilo de manera exitosa. Lewinella marina es capaz de utilizar la celulosa como fuente de energía y así degradarla pudiendo ser útil en la industria cervecera. Pseudoalteromonas rubra posee poder probiótico al mejorar el cultivo de las larvas del pez dorado Seriola lalandi y además Loktanella sp. posee ácidos grasos omega 6, 7, 10. En conjunto, el presente estudio describe de manera exhaustiva la riqueza microbiana asociada al yuyo, importante componente de la gastronomía peruana.
Proyección de advertencias octogonales en productos ultra-procesados: un estudio exploratorio en Lima, Perú
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Laura Durand Elizabeth Pamela , Durand Durand Gabriela Briggitte
Published: November 2020

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad han alcanzado prevalencias epidémicas a nivel mundial. Una de las estrategias propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para revertir el sobrepeso y la obesidad, es utilizar el etiquetado nutricional frontal. Por ello, en el año 2018 en el Perú se aprobó el Manual de Advertencias Publicitarias (MAP), para que los productos ultra-procesados lleven en su empaque entre 1-3 Advertencias Octogonales (AO), según lo requieran. En el MAP se establecen dos parámetros. El primer parámetro entró en vigencia en enero del 2019 y el segundo entrará en vigencia en septiembre del 2021. Cabe resaltar que el presente estudio se inició en marzo del 2018, es decir, antes de que entrara en vigencia la implementación de las AO. Objetivo: Determinar la proporción de productos ultra-procesados que declararían al menos una advertencia octogonal para septiembre del 2021, en cumplimiento de la Ley N° 30021. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio en el que se analizaron 786 fotografías de etiquetas de productos ultra-procesados. Según el perfil de nutrientes de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se clasificó en 10 categorías. El contenido nutricional (energía, azúcar, grasas totales, grasas saturadas y sodio) de los productos ultra-procesados se calculó en 100 gramos o mililitros de producto. Los parámetros finales establecidos en el MAP, se usaron para evaluar la cantidad de AO que declararían los productos ultra-procesados en caso de no modificar su formulación para septiembre del 2021. Resultados: Se encontró que 88,1% de los productos ultra-procesados llevarían al menos una AO para septiembre del 2021. El 46,2% llevaría una AO, el 38,2% llevarían dos AO, mientras que el 3,7% declararía las tres AO. De los productos ultra-procesados que llevarían una AO, el 80,7% declararía la frase “ALTO EN AZÚCAR”, mientras de los que llevarían dos AO, el 65,6% declararía las frases “ALTO EN GRASAS SATURADAS” y “ALTO EN AZÚCAR”. Conclusión: El 88,1% de los productos ultra-procesados llevarían al menos una AO para septiembre del 2021, en cumplimiento de la Ley N° 30021.
Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Marmut yang Diberi Ekstrak Daun Tapak Dara (Cantharanthus roseus) dan Wijayakusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum)
Authors: Humaira Sarah , Berata I Ketut , Wardhita Anak Agung Gde Jaya
Published: November 2020

Tanaman tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus) dan wijayakusuma (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) merupakan tanaman bahan obat tradisional yang mampu mempercepat kesembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian kedua ekstrak tanaman tersebut terhadap ginjal yang diamati secara histopatologi. Penelitian menggunakan marmut, sebanyak 24 ekor, yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Kelompok I diberi salep vaselin sebagai kontrol (K), Kelompok II (P1) diberi salep ekstrak tapak dara konsentrasi 15%, Kelompok III (P2) diberi salep ekstrak wijayakusuma konsentrasi 15%, dan Kelompok IV (P3) diberi salep kombinasi ekstrak tapak dara dan wijayakusuma konsentrasi 15%. Setelah tujuh hari pertama pemberian perlakuan, tiga ekor marmut dari setiap kelompok dikorbankan nyawanya kemudian dinekropsi dan tiga ekor yang masih hidup diberi perlakuan hingga hari ke-14 lalu dikorbankan nyawanya dan dinekropsi. Setelah dinekropsi pada minggu pertama dan kedua, organ ginjal diambil untuk kemudian diproses pembuatan preparat histologi. Proses pembuatan preparat histopatologi dilakukan dengan metode Kiernan dan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kelompok yang diberi kombinasi ekstrak daun tapak dara dan wijayakusuma, tampak lesi degenerasi melemak, kongesti, perdarahan dan nekrosisnya paling ringan dibandingkan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak daun tapak dara atau wijayakusuma secara tunggal. Kesimpulannya adalah pemberian kombinasi ekstrak daun tapak dan wijayakusuma konsentrasi 15% pada terapi kesembuhan luka paling baik terhadap kesehatan ginjal dibandingkan pemberian ekstrak daun tapak dara atau wijayakusuma secara tunggal.
Efektifitas Antelmintik Larutan Asam Jawa Terhadap Cacing Ascaris Suum Secara In Vitro
Authors: Siswanto Riefqy Tepu , Sudira I Wayan , Merdana I Made , Dwinata I Made
Published: November 2020

Pengendalian parasit cacing dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian obat modern dan obat tradisional. Obat tradisional adalah salah satu pengobatan yang mudah didapat, murah dan tidak berdampak pada lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek antelmitik larutan asam jawa (Tamarindus indica) terhadap cacing Ascaris suum. Penelitian ini menggunakan cacing A. suum yang diperoleh dari Rumah Potong Hewan/RPH Pesanggaran, Denpasar. Sebanyak 100 ekor cacing yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan, masing masing perlakuan menggunakan lima ekor cacing dan empat ulangan. Proses pembuatan larutan asam jawa dengan melarutkan daging buah dengan NaCl 0,9% sesuai dengan dosis yaitu 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Kelompok P0 sebagai kontrol negatif, P1 pirantel pamoat 1% sebagai kontrol positif, P2 larutan asam jawa 10%, P3 larutan asam jawa 20%, dan P4 larutan asam jawa 30%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kelompok P2, P3, dan P4 yang diberikan larutan asam jawa sampai jam ke 18 bersifat antelmintik terhadap cacing A. suum dengan urutan rata-rata tingkat kematian 80%, 90%, dan 100%. Kesimpulannya adalah semakin tinggi tingkat konsentrasi dan lama waktu pengamatan semakin jelas efek antelmintiknya dan perlakuan dengan larutan asam jawa 30% memberikan efek antelmintik yang sama dengan pirantel pamoat 1%.
Perbandingan Akurasi Berbagai Metode Kalibrasi Skala Pengukuran dalam Morfometri Eritrosit Elang Ular Bido (Spilornis cheela)
Authors: Hardian Andreas Bandang , Megarani Dorothea Vera , Nugrahani Warih Pulung , Rahmawati Irhamna Putri
Published: November 2020

Morfometri sel berguna untuk mendeteksi abnormalitas seluler berdasar pengukuran sel secara kuantitatif. Metode ini telah diterapkan pada berbagai pemeriksaan klinis yang melibatkan inspeksi morfologi sel seperti pemeriksaan sitologi, histopatologi, dan patologi digital. Kalibrator skala yang umum digunakan adalah mikrometer kalibrasi (calibration slide). Terbatasnya ketersediaan mikrometer kalibrasi di laboratorium sering menjadi hambatan dalam melakukan morfometri sel sehingga diperlukan alat alternatif yang terbukti memiliki akurasi yang sama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan parameter morfometri eritrosit elang ular bido (Spilornis cheela) menggunakan tiga kalibrator berbeda: mikrometer kalibrasi, kamar hitung Neubauer, dan batang skala digital pada kamera mikroskop. Sebanyak 58 eritrosit elang ular bido dipilih dari preparat apus darah yang diwarnai dengan pewarna Giemsa dan difoto menggunakan kamera mikroskop. Seluruh sel diukur menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ. Kalibrasi pengukuran dilakukan dalam lima metode dengan kalibrator yang telah disebutkan. Analisis perbandingan secara statistika dilakukan dengan membandingkan rata-rata panjang sel, lebar sel, panjang nukleus, dan lebar nukleus melalui uji analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjutan Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada rata-rata parameter morfometri eritrosit berdasar lima metode kalibrasi. Hasil uji lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara hasil pengukuran menggunakan kalibrasi dengan mikrometer kalibrasi (calibration slide) dan kamar hitung Neubauer. Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini bahwa kamar hitung Neubauer dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan mikrometer kalibrasi (calibration slide) jika belum tersedia di fasilitas klinik maupun laboratorium
Histopatologi Paru-paru Tikus Putih Betina Akibat Pemberian Imbuhan Ragi Tape pada Pakan Tikus
Authors: Waskitha Melati Pusparini , Setiasih Ni Luh Eka , Samsuri Samsuri , Berata I Ketut
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan gambaran histopatologi paru-paru tikus putih betina akibat pemberian ragi tape dengan dosis bertingkat. Sebanyak 24 tikus putih betina dikelompokkan menjadi empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan yaitu P0: kontrol; P1: pemberian pakan dicampur ragi tape dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB; P2: pemberian pakan dicampur ragi tape dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB; dan P3: pemberian pakan dicampur ragi tape dengan dosis 300 mg/kgBB. Perlakuan diberikan selama 21 hari, kemudian tikus putih betina pada semua kelompok dinekropsi di hari ke-22. Jaringan paru-paru diambil untuk pembuatan preparat dengan pewarnaan Harris-Hematoxyline Eosin (HE). Parameter yang diamati meliputi adanya kongesti, inflamasi, dan nekrosis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi perubahan histopatologi paru-paru tikus putih betina akibat pemberian ragi tape. Ragi tape menyebabkan perubahan histopatologi paru-paru tikus betina secara signifikan pada inflamasi dan nekrosis, sedangkan kongesti tidak berbeda nyata. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan pemberian ragi tape sebagai kontrasepsi alami dapat mengakibatkan perubahan histopatologi paru-paru tikus betina.
Uspevanje omorike (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.) v generativnem semenskem nasadu Počivalnik pri Postojni
Authors: Bambič Sebastian , Jarni Kristjan , Božič Gregor , Brus Robert
Published: November 2020

Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.) is an endemic tree species from the Balkan Peninsula. The species also thrives in Slovenia and would be an interesting minority alternative to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) on some sites. This study was carried out in a Serbian spruce plantation below Počivalnik hill, between Unec and Postojna. The trees were planted in 1988 and are currently classified as a pole stand. We measured the diameters of the trees and systematically evaluated the vitality of each tree throughout the plantation. Data processing consisted of calculating the percentage of trees of each health status for each provenance and phenotype present in the plantation, creating a plantation model, and performing an analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. We found that provenance has a significant effect on the vitality of trees but not on tree diameter. Phenotype affects both the vitality of trees and tree diameter. The correlation between phenotype and tree diameter is significant within phenotypes B (type %semidichotomy%) and C (type %serbica%). Also, the impact of phenotype on diameter increment varies between the different provenances. According to our investigations, the most suitable seed material for the Dinaric karst region of Slovenia is from the Šargan provenance (read Shargan). In terms of phenotype, types C ('serbica') and F ('argentea') seem to be the most suitable. They are also the most desirable for horticultural use.
Point prevalence for COVID-19 among temporary tea farmers with mass screening: An example from Turkey
Authors: TELATAR Tahsin Gökhan , BAYKAL Mehmet , AYKANAT YURTSEVER Burcu , ÜNER Sarp
Published: November 2020

Objective: Since the detection of the first COVID-19 case in Rize on 20th of March 2020, there were a total of 229 reported cases until 23 May 2020. There is currently no information available about the asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in Turkey. This study aims to detect the point prevalence of -19 among tea farmers who came to Rize from other provinces during May 2020. Methods: Among the 40 thousand estimated tea workers who came to Rize in May 2020, a total of 11,180 PCR results were evaluated. The specimens were collected by healthcare workers working for the Rize Provincial Directorate of Healh and analyzed in the Reference Laboratory for Microbiology of the Ministry of Health. The point prevalence of being PCR positive for -19 was calculated. Results: The point prevalence of -19 among asymptomatic tea workers was found to be 0.197%. Being -19 positive was not statistically significant with age groups and gender (p= 0.183 and p= 0.234, respectively). Conclusions: Sudden demographic changes in society is a major challenge for establishing a sustainable control policy for COVID-19. Defining the asymptomatic proportions of the population is crucial for planning effective control strategies. Calculating point prevalence among an asymptomatic population with mass screening is a useful tool for this purpose.
The Effect of Variation on Solvent Type and Starch Extraction
Time on the Increased Level of Reducing Sugar from Jackfruit
Straw Waste
Authors: Setyawati Harimbi , Octaria Yepta , Saraswati H Enggar , Yunita Erni
Published: November 2020

: Jackfruit straw is a part of jackfruit that does not experience pollination in the form of
yellow fibers. Jackfruit straw has a composition consisting of 13.45% starch, 65.05% water. The
potential content of jackfruit straw starch can be used as an alternative fuel, it was, bioethanol. This
material can be converted to bioethanol through hydrolysis and fermentation processes. This study
aimed to determine the effect of variations in the type of solvent and extraction time, used the type of
solvent H2O, NaOH and NaHCO3 for starch which was then hydrolyzed and produced glucose as a raw
material for making bioethanol. The initial content of jackfruit straw was carbohydrate of 11.5%, fat of
16.22% and protein of 8.38%. The first step was drying so that the jackfruit straw became powder with
a moisture content <14%. Then extraction with a solvent to dissolve compounds that can interfere with
the hydrolysis process such as fats and proteins. This research was conducted by extracting jackfruit
straw powder into starch. Variation of the extraction process was the type of solvent (H2O, NaOH of
0.2%, and NaHCO3 of 0.2%) and the extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) at room
temperature. The results showed that the highest reducing sugar concentration of 2.16% was in the type
of NaOH solvent for 25 minutes.
Insects as Carriers of Ralstonia solanacearum
Phylotype IV on Kepok Banana Flowers in South Minahasa
and Minahasa Districts
Authors: Montong Vivi , Salaki Christina
Published: November 2020

The scope of this study is the management of insects that carry the cause of banana
blood disease (BBD), Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV. The objectives of this study are: (1)
to study the diversity and density of visitor insect populations to the Kepok banana flower, and (2)
to identify insects in the Kepok banana flower that act as carriers of R. solanacearum Phylotype
IV, and the population density of these bacteria was carried by each insect. Sampling of banana
plantations is done based on pusposive sampling method. Insect collection uses a modified insect
net, and insect collection uses modified insect nets, and insects were morphologically identified.
This bacterial isolation was carried out based on the spread method on NA + TZC media.
Inoculation of bacterial isolates was carried out by injection method on the tip of an mature Kepok
banana. Density of insects visitors banana flower per tree in South Minahasa and Minahasa
regencies are as follows: Oscinella sp. (15.50 and 18.08 individuals), Aphis mellifera (0.50 and
1.58), Chelisoches morio (0.28 and 0.20 individuals, and Dolichoderus sp. (1.44 and 6.21
individuals). All insects on the Kepok banana flower in South Minahasa and Minahasa carry
Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV. Oscinella sp., Aphis mellifera, Chelisoches morio, and
Dolichoderus sp. in both districts it brought 17,636.39 and 75,533.33 CFU / ml, 15,666.67 and
17,400.00 CFU / ml, 113.33 and 2,667.67 CFU / ml, and 2,400.00 CFU / ml and 21,133.33 CFU /
ml.
Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a
Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter
Making Biological Fertilizers
Authors: Makal Henny V.G. , Ratulangi Max M. , Sualang Denny S.
Published: November 2020

The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North
Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2)
inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3)
calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study
is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer
production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured
on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate
calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of
sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and
phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T.
koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon
City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T.
koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population
densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and
Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.
Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure at IVS1 Mutation of
Beta Globin Gene
Authors: Sumantri Nur Imaniati , Wijayanti Dian Rachma
Published: November 2020

Background: Beta globin gene is responsible for producing beta globin chains that
stabilize the structure and function of hemoglobin. This gene expression is controlled by
complex interactions of transcriptions factors and its regulatory elements in a specific manner.
Disturbed beta globin genes may result in hemoglobinopathies, mainly sickle cell disease and
beta thalassemia. It seems interesting that several mutations occurring in intronic region
results in severe symptoms to beta thalassemia patients, such an IVS1nt5 G>C. This research
aimed to analyze RNA structural alteration effected by intronic mutation of beta thalassemia.
Methods: The most prevalent mutation of beta thalassemia in Indonesia was obtained from
Ithanet. The RNA secondary structure of IVS1nt5 G>C and beta globin gen (HBB) wildtype
were performed by RNAStructure, along with probknot prediction. Results: The result
showed that intronic mutation caused conformational change in beta globin secondary
structure, either for max expect or base pairing probability approach. The mutant had bigger
and more loops that diminished the protein stability. Thus, the structure might undergo
dysfunction. Conclusion: The comprehensive structural-functional significance of these
findings needs further study.
ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Genes in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: An Opinion for Development of Novel Control Strategy
Authors: Kooliyottil Rinu , Gadhachanda Koushik Rao , Solo Nejra , Dandurand Louise-Marie
Published: November 2020

The molecular interaction between the nematode and the host plant cells is complex and sophisticated. Initial contact with the plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) triggers immune response in the host plant system which includes the release of toxic molecules. To put a bridle on this immune response, PPNs trigger pivotal cytoprotective mechanisms, such as antioxidant and detoxification pathways. Mechanisms of these pathways have been studied in PPNs and the specific genes involved have been targeted for gene silencing research in view of developing novel control measures. However, one of the important group of proteins involved in detoxification pathways known as ABC-transporters are not being studied until recently in PPNs. This opinion article focusses on the current knowledge and future prospects of ABC transporters in PPNs.
Ideas in Genomic Selection with the Potential to Transform Plant Molecular Breeding: A Review
Authors: McGowan Matthew , Wang Jiabo , Dong Haixiao , Liu Xiaolei , Jia Yi , Wang Xianfeng , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Li Yutao , Lipka Alexander E. , Zhang Zhiwu
Published: November 2020

Estimation of breeding values through Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) using pedigree-based kinship and Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) are the two fundamental breeding methods used before and after the introduction of genetic markers, respectively. The emergence of high-density genome-wide markers has led to the development of two parallel series of approaches inspired by BLUP and MAS, which are collectively referred to as Genomic Selection (GS). The first series of GS methods alters pedigree-based BLUP by replacing pedigree-based kinship with marker-based kinship in a variety of ways, including weighting markers by their effects in genome-wide association study (GWAS), joining both pedigree and marker-based kinship together in a single-step BLUP, and substituting individuals with groups in a compressed BLUP. The second series of GS methods estimates the effects for all genetic markers simultaneously. For the second series methods, the marker effects are summed together regardless of their individual significance. Instead of fitting individuals as random effects like in the BLUP series, the second series fits markers as random effects. Differing assumptions regarding the underlying distribution of these marker effects have resulted in the development of many Bayesian-based GS methods. This review highlights critical concept developments for both of these series and explores ongoing GS developments in machine learning, multiple trait selection, and adaptation for hybrid breeding. Furthermore, considering the increasing use and variety of GS methods in plant breeding programs, this review addresses important concerns for future GS development and application, such as the use of GWAS-assisted GS, the long-term effectiveness of GS methods, and the valid assessment of prediction accuracy.
Optimal IP Current Controller Design Based on Small Signal Stability for THD Reduction of High-Power Density PFC Boost Converter
Authors: Okilly Ahmed H. , Baek Jeihoon
Published: November 2020

This paper presents an optimal design for the inner current control loop of the continuous current conduction mode (CCM) power factor correction (PFC) stage, which it can be used as the front stage of the two stages alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) telecom power supply. Conventional single-phase CCM-PFC boost converter usually implemented with using of the proportional-integral (PI) controllers in both of the voltage and current control loops, to regulate the output DC voltage to the specified value, moreover to maintains the input current follows the input voltage which offers converter with high power factor (P.F) and low current total harmonic distortion (THD). However, due to the slow dynamic response of the PI controller at the zero-crossing point of the input supply current, input current can’t fully follow the input voltage which leads to high THD. Digitally controlled PFC converter with an optimal design of the inner current control loop using doubly control loops IP controller to reduce the THD and to offer input current with unity P.F was performed in this paper. Furthermore, for the economic design of the digitally control PFC converter, two isolated AC and DC voltage sensors are proposed and designed for the interfacing with the microcontroller unit (MCU). PSIM software was used to test the converter performance with using the proposed designed current controllers and isolated voltage sensors. High power density digitally controlled telecom PFC stage with P.F of about 99.93%, full load efficiency of about 98.70% and THD less 5.50% is achieved in this work.
Analytical Modeling of Residual Stress in Selective Laser Melting Considering Volume Conservation in Plastic Deformation
Authors: Mirkoohi Elham , Li Dongsheng , Garmestani Hamid , Liang Steven Y.
Published: November 2020

Residual stress (RS) is the most challenging problem in metal additive manufacturing (AM) since the build-up of high tensile RS may influence the fatigue life, corrosion resistance, crack initiation, and failure of the additively manufactured components. While tensile RS is inherent in all the AM processes, fast and accurate prediction of stress state within the part is extremely valuable and would result in optimization of the process parameters in achieving a desired RS and control of the build process. This paper proposes a physics-based analytical model to rapidly and accurately predict the RS within the additively manufactured part. In this model, a transient moving point heat source (HS) is utilized to determine the temperature field. Due to the high temperature gradient within the proximity of the melt pool area, material experience high thermal stress. Thermal stress is calculated by combining three sources of stresses known as stresses due to the body forces, normal tension, and hydrostatic stress in a homogeneous semi-infinite medium. The thermal stress determines the RS state within the part. Consequently, by taking the thermal stress history as an input, both the in-plane and out of plane RS distributions are found from incremental plasticity and kinematic hardening behavior of the metal by considering volume conservation in plastic deformation in coupling with the equilibrium and compatibility conditions. In this modeling, material properties are temperature-sensitive since the steep temperature gradient varies the properties significantly. Moreover, the energy needed for the solid-state phase transition is reflected by modifying the specific heat employing the latent heat of fusion. Furthermore, the multi-layer and multi-scan aspects of metal AM are considered by including the temperature history from previous layers and scans. Results from the analytical RS model presented excellent agreement with XRD measurements employed to determine the RS in the Ti-6Al-4V specimens.
Design of Three-Phase V-Shaped Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Air Conditioning Compressor of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Jeong Hojin , Kim Namhun , Baek Jeihoon
Published: November 2020

Air conditioning system of electric vehicles has new change as the internal combustion engine is being replaced with electrified AC motor. With large amount of batteries installed at the bottom of frame, the conventional compressor which is belt-driven can be removed and another AC motor can play the role for air conditioning in electric vehicles. From this change, the system efficiency would be improved since it is possible to control the electrified compressor independently from traction system in contrast with the belt-driven compressor. As a result, by applying the electrified compressor for air conditioning system, the whole system can achieve better efficiency and longer driving distance, which is most important in electric vehicles. In this paper, 3-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) was designed using lumped-parameter model and finite element method.
  Superfluid Quantum Space as the Unified Field Theory
Authors: Šorli Srečko
Published: November 2020

The novelty of 21st-century physics is the development of the “superfluid quantum vacuum” model, also named “superfluid quantum space” SQS. This SQS is replacing space-time as the fundamental arena of the universe. It also represents the model that has the potential of unifying four fundamental forces of the universe. SQS in this article is represented as the time-invariant fundamental field of the universe where time is merely the duration of material changes.
A Modified Kwee van Woerden Algorithm with Reliable Error-Estimates
Authors: Deeg Hans J.
Published: November 2020

The Kwee van Woerden (KvW) method for the determination of eclipse minimum times has been a staple in eclipsing binary research for decades, due its simplicity and independence of external input parameters. However, its estimates of the timing error have been known to be of low reliability. During the analysis of very precise photometry of CM Draconis eclipses from TESS space mission data, KvW’s original equation for the timing error estimate produced numerical errors, which evidenced a fundamental problem in this equation. This contribution introduces an improved way to calculate the timing error with the KvW method. A code that implements this improved method, together with several further updates over the original method is presented as well. An example application on the CM Draconis light curves from TESS is given, where we show that its timing error estimates of about 1 second are in excellent agreement with error estimates obtained by other means.
Early Intervention with Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Programs
Authors: Rojas-Torres Liliana , Alonso-Esteban Yurena , Alcantud-Marín Francisco
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to analyze the evidence against the effectiveness of intervention programs based on the participation of parents of children with autism. To obtain the data, a systematic search was carried out in four databases (ProQuest-PsychArticles, ProQuest-ERIC, ProQuest-PubMed, and Scopus). These documents were refined under the inclusion/exclusion criteria and a total of 51 empirical studies were selected. They were classified, first, according to the function of the intervention objective and, later, by the methodology applied (19 studies based on comprehensive interventions, 11 focused on the nuclear symptoms of ASD, 12 focused on the promotion of positive parenting and 9 interactions focused on children play). Once all the documents have been analyzed, the evidence indicates scientific efficacy in most studies, mainly in those based on child development and the application of behavioral analysis principles. Also, the positive influence of parent participation in such programs was demonstrated.
Los geólogos en el cine y la televisión. Personajes reales e inventados. Un análisis de su transposición a la pantalla
Authors: Martínez Parra Marc
Published: November 2020

Un análisis detallado de once geólogos con protagonismo en las pantallas grande y pequeña – diez ficticios y uno real - permitirá establecer cuanto de la imagen que se ofrece de los mismos como profesionales de la tierra está plagada de tópicos y elementos de fantaciencia y cuanto muestra verosimilitud y una cierta coherencia con la realidad.
Disparities in utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among high school adolescents from youth friendly service implemented and non-implemented areas of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Bayu , Shegaze Mulugeta , Feleke Tesfaye , Glagn Mustefa , Andarge Eshetu
Published: November 2020

Background: In recent years, much effort was made to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRH) to adolescents and youths in Ethiopia particularly through establishment of youth friendly service (YFS) corners as part of the existing health care facilities. The existing evidences focused on investigating the utilization of SRH services at YFS established areas alone. There is a dearth of evidence which compares the SRH service use between the YFS implemented and non-implemented areas so that evidences can be drawn to suggest on the successes of the expansion of youth friendly corners.Methods: A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a multistage cluster sampling method. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and the collected data were entered in to Epidata version 4.4.1 software and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. χ2 test was used to see a significant difference in SRH service utilization among adolescents from YFS implemented and non-implanted areas. The association between the SRH services utilization and the independent variables were examined using binary logistic regression. Finally, variables having p-value less than or equal to 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered as statistically significant.Results: There were a significant difference in the rate of SRH service utilization between YFS implemented (33.8%) and YFS non- implemented (9.9%) areas (χ2=37.49, p<0.001). Higher educational status of mothers (AOR=2.588, 95 % CI: 1.220, 5.491), having open discussion with family (AOR=3.175, 95%CI: 1.624, 6.206), having good knowledge (AOR= 4.511, 95% CI: 2.458, 8.278) and having positive attitude (AOR= 5.084, 95% CI: 2.764, 9.352) were factors positively associated with SRH services utilization.Conclusion: Compared with high schools from YFS implemented areas, the SRH service utilization was significantly lower among students from high schools where health facilities did not implement YFS. There is a need for enhancing efforts to establish YFS corners by the stakeholders at different hierarchies at places where the centers were not established so that SRH service uptake would be improved. In addition, it is better to promote open discussion with adolescents at the family level, and emphasis should be given for women education in the broad sense. Furthermore, wide-range awareness creation strategies should be used to address poor knowledge and negative attitude.
Keratin is not only a Structural Protein in Hair: Keratin-mediated Hair Growth
Authors: An Seong Yeong , Choi Eun Ji , Kim So Yeon , Van Se Young , Kim Han Jun , Lee Jae-Hyung , Han Song Wook , Kwon Il Keun , Lee Chul-Kyu , Do Sun Hee , Hwang Yu-Shik
Published: November 2020

Keratin is known to be a major protein in hair, but the biological function of keratin in hair growth is unknown, which led us to conduct a pilot study to elucidate biological function of keratin in hair growth via cellular interactions with hair forming cells. Here, we show hair growth is stimulated by intradermal injection of keratin into mice, and show that outer root sheath cells undergo transforming growth factor-β2-induced apoptosis, resulting in keratin exposure. Keratin exposure appears to be critical for dermal papilla cell condensation and hair germ formation as immunodepletion and silencing keratin prevent dermal papilla cell condensation and hair germ formation. Furthermore, silencing keratin in mice resulted in a marked suppression of anagen follicle formation and hair growth. Our study imply a new finding of how to initiate hair regeneration and suggests the potent application of keratin biomaterial for the treatment of hair loss.
Associations Between Essential Medicines and Health Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Steiner Liane , Fraser Shawn , Maraj Darshanand , Persaud Nav
Published: November 2020

Background: National essential medicines lists are used to guide medicine reimbursement and public sector medicine procurement for many countries therefore medicine listings may impact health outcomes.Methods: Countries’ national essential medicines lists were scored on whether they listed proven medicines for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and hypertensive heart disease. Linear regression was used to measure the association between countries’ medicine coverage scores and healthcare access and quality scores. Results: There was an association between healthcare access and quality scores and health expenditure for ischemic heart disease (p=<0.001), cerebrovascular disease (p=<0.001) and hypertensive heart disease (p=<0.001). However, there was no association between medicine coverage scores and healthcare access and quality scores for ischemic heart disease (p=0.252), cerebrovascular disease (p=0.194) and hypertensive heart disease (p=0.209) when country characteristics were accounted for. Conclusion: Listing more medicines on national essential medicines lists may only be one factor in reducing mortality from cardiovascular disease and improving healthcare access and quality scores.