bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the taxonomy of the genera Stigmatophora Staudinger, 1881 and Miltochrista Hübner, [1819], with description of a new species from North Thailand and China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V.
Published: June 2020

The generic group names Cymella Felder, 1874 and Myclela Watson, Fletcher & Nye, 1980 are excluded from the subtribe Nudariina and synonymized with the nominate subgenus of the genus Stigmatophora Staudinger, 1881 belonging to the subtribe Endrosiina. The type species of Cymella and Myclela, Cymella congerens Felder, 1874 is synonymized with the nominate subspecies of Stigmatophora (Stigmatophora) rhodophila (Walker, [1865]). The type locality of Cymella congerens is designated as Shanghai (E China). Two taxa previously treated as synonyms of S. congerens are upgraded to the species level and left in the genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819]: Miltochrista artocarpi (Moore, 1878), stat. nov. and Miltochrista roseogrisea (Rothschild, 1913), stat. nov. The genus Asuropsis Matsumura, 1927 is excluded from the synonymy of Miltochrista and synonymized with the nominate subgenus of the genus Stigmatophora. The new combination is established: Stigmatophora (Stigmatophora) ranruna (Matsumura, 1927), comb. nov. A new species, Stigmatophora (Stigmatophora) cernyi Volynkin, sp. n. is described from North Thailand and Southwest China. Adults of both sexes of all the species mentioned and their genitalia are illustrated.
De la visibilité des lieux du religieux en contexte urbain : l’exemple des églises protestantes évangéliques à Montréal
Authors: Dejean Frédéric
Published: June 2020

Dans des pages restées fameuses du tome 2 de ses Études de sociologie religieuse, Gabriel Le Bras affirmait que « l’attraction des villes a une influence ruineuse sur la religion des ruraux (…) Je suis pour ma part convaincu que, sur cent ruraux qui s’établissent à Paris, il y en a à peu près quatre-vingt-dix qui, au sortir de la gare Montparnasse cessent d’être des pratiquants » (Le Bras, 1956 : 480). Cette citation souligne la place de la ville dans des travaux de recherche qui ont fait de l’espace urbain la scène privilégiée du processus de sécularisation. Il s’agissait alors de montrer l’effacement progressif de la religion, de même que la difficulté des institutions religieuses à composer avec des réalités sociales nouvelles. Pourtant, des sociologues, historiens ou géographes, insistent désormais sur le rôle pivot que les villes occupent dans les dynamiques religieuses contemporaines. Plusieurs d’entre eux montrent avec raison que les groupes religieux acquièrent une visibilité inédite et s’adaptent aux réalités urbaines et à leurs mutations rapides. Dans les pages qui suivent, je traite des Églises protestantes évangéliques montréalaises et met en lumière leurs dimensions spatiales. À travers cet exemple je souhaite montrer que ces Églises s’insèrent dans la trame urbaine existante en déployant un « régime de visibilité » (Lussault, 2003) largement fondé sur une logique d’invisibilisation, qui résulte à la fois de qualités propres au protestantisme et d’un effort d’adaptation à des contraintes urbaines externes.
Remote laboratory trends for Distance Vocational Education and Training (D-VET): A real-time lighting application
Authors: Polat Zuhal , Ekren Nazmi
Published: June 2020

This research presents a web-based lighting laboratory infrastructure that allows students to access and control application tools in lighting technology education through online real-time equipment. Designed for Distance Vocational Training and Education, this system uses the LabVIEW Virtual Instrumentation Program to control lighting levels. In this program, the interface developed allows students to control and monitor applications online using cameras, sensors, and controllers. In the modeled system, the lighting levels of LED lamps are controlled through PID controllers. Furthermore, a web page was designed that provides synchronized (simultaneous) access to application instrumentation for the students. Each user can run applications in a specific period through this website. Students can also monitor the lighting level of the laboratory in real-time with a webcam. Individual storage of the data obtained in the model also supports conducting necessary analyses. Students can strengthen their theoretical knowledge by running lighting technique experiment applications with real equipment in the Distance Vocational Training and Education. In the evaluation part of the research, the answers are given by the students (95%) also stated that they increased the theoretical knowledge of doing remote experiments. In total 98.5% of students believe that the ability to repeat experiments anywhere in this system will accelerate the learning process.
COVID-19 and US Health Financing: Perils and Possibilities
Authors: Gaffney Adam , Himmelstein David U. , Woolhandler Steffie
Published: June 2020

While the COVID-19 pandemic presents every nation with challenges, the United States’ underfunded public health infrastructure, fragmented medical care system, and inadequate social protections impose particular impediments to mitigating and managing the outbreak. Years of inadequate funding of the nation’s federal, state, and local public health agencies, together with mismanagement by the Trump administration, hampered the early response to the epidemic. Meanwhile, barriers to care faced by uninsured and underinsured individuals in the United States could deter COVID-19 care and hamper containment efforts, and lead to adverse medical and financial outcomes for infected individuals and their families, particularly those from disadvantaged groups. While the United States has a relatively generous supply of Intensive Care Unit beds and most other health care infrastructure, such medical resources are often unevenly distributed or deployed, leaving some areas ill-prepared for a severe respiratory epidemic. These deficiencies and shortfalls have stimulated a debate about policy solutions. Recent legislation, for instance, expanded coverage for testing for COVID-19 for the uninsured and underinsured, and additional reforms have been proposed. However comprehensive health care reform – for example, via national health insurance – is needed to provide full protection to American families during the COVID-19 outbreak and in its aftermath.
More Than Meets the Eye: The Role of Immigration Background for Social Identity Effects
Authors: Dwertmann David J. G. , Kunze Florian
Published: June 2020

The number of immigrants worldwide has grown rapidly in recent years, and their integration poses challenges, such as cultural and language barriers, for organizations and societies. Securing and maintaining employment is a key challenge for immigrants, yet management research has devoted little attention to migration. We aim to contribute to the emerging literature on this topic by utilizing a multistudy approach with objective and time-lagged field data from 14,327 mail carriers nested in 737 units of a large Swiss logistics firm and an experimental audio vignette study with 262 participants from the United Kingdom. We investigate whether (in)congruence in terms of immigration background between employees and customers is linked to customer complaints. Controlling for service quality, we find that both congruence scenarios (both or neither migrants) are associated with fewer complaints, the latter suggesting that migrants identify with each other despite national and cultural differences. Results from the two incongruence scenarios show increased complaints. In Study 1, we find that units that receive more complaints experience higher rates of voluntary employee withdrawal behaviors (short-term absenteeism and voluntary turnover), highlighting how unfair customer complaints can hurt organizations twice, by increasing the risk of loss in both customers and employees. In Study 2, we replicate the immigrant identity effect at the individual level and find that social attraction mediates the (in)congruence–complaints link.
The Pandemic Effect: Raising the Bar for Ethics, Empathy, and Professional Collegiality
Authors: Holt G. Richard
Published: June 2020

The widespread, tragic loss of life and the dedication of health care professionals have characterized the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. While we mourn the loss of so many Americans to this novel virus, we also much acknowledge the positive effects to our profession, which are not insignificant. We have witnessed our larger community of otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeons pulling together in a manner not heretofore observed by this author. From the local level of practitioners to our national societies, there has been an amazing effort of collegial unity to develop the most clinically relevant guidelines for providing patient care with maximal safety, in the face of little scientific knowledge or experience with this virus. In addition, we as a specialty and individual otolaryngologists have, through our shared experiences, raised the bar for empathy, ethics, and professional interaction during these difficult times. We must reflect upon our professional growth and capture this renewal of altruism that lives at the heart of our calling.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Global Pandemic on the Otolaryngology Fellowship Application Process
Authors: Nesemeier B. Ryan , Lebo Nicole L. , Schmalbach Cecelia E. , Barnes Kaitlyn J. , Vernon Dominic , Ting Jonathan Y. , Shipchandler Taha Z.
Published: June 2020

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 a global pandemic. In addition to massive social disruption, this pandemic affected the traditional fellowship interview season for otolaryngology subspecialties, including head and neck surgical oncology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, laryngology, rhinology, neurotology, and pediatric otolaryngology. The impact on the fellowship interview process, from the standpoint of the institution and the applicant, necessitated the use of alternative interview processes. This change may alter the future of how interviews and the match proceed for years to come, with nontraditional methods of interviewing becoming a mainstay. While the impact this pandemic has on the fellowship match process is not yet fully realized, this commentary aims to discuss the challenges faced on both sides of the equation and to offer solutions during these unprecedented times.
Confronting the digital mob: Press coverage of online justice seeking
Authors: Trottier Daniel
Published: June 2020

This article offers an exploratory account of press coverage of digitally mediated vigilantism. It considers how the UK press renders these events visible in a sustained and meaningful way. News reports and editorials add visibility to these events, and also make them more tangible when integrating content from social media platforms. In doing so, this coverage directs attention to a range of social actors, who may be perceived as responsible for these kinds of developments. In considering how other social actors are presented in relation to digital vigilantism, this study focusses on press accounts of those either initiating or being targeted by online denunciations, and also on a broader and often amorphous range of spectators to such events, often referred to as ‘internet mobs’. Relatedly, this article explores how specific practices related to digital vigilantism such as denunciation are expressed in press coverage, as well as coverage of motivations by the public to either participate or facilitate such practices. Reflecting on how the press represent mediated denunciation will illustrate not only how tabloids and broadsheets frame such practices, but also how they take advantage of connective and data-generating affordances associated with social platforms.
Acute kidney injury, stroke and death after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: the role of perfusion flow and pressure
Authors: Turner Laura , Hardikar Ashutosh , Jose Matthew D , Bhattarai Keshav , Fenton Carmel , Sharma Rajiv , Kirkland Geoff , Jeffs Lisa , Breslin Monique , Silva Ragaini Bruna , Newland Richard F
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the role of low perfusion flow and pressure in the development of cardiopulmonary bypass–associated acute kidney injury, stroke and death, using multicentre registry data.

Methods:

We identified patients from the Australian and New Zealand Collaborative Perfusion Registry who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery between 2008 and 2018. Primary predictor variables were the length of time the perfusion flow was <1.6 L/min/m2 and the length of time perfusion pressure was < 50mmHg. The primary outcome was new postoperative acute kidney injury defined by the risk-injury-failure-loss-end stage criteria. Secondary outcomes were stroke and in-hospital death. The influence of perfusion flow and pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass on the primary and secondary outcomes was estimated using separate multivariate models.

Results:

A total of 16,356 patients were included. The mean age was 66 years and 75% were male. Acute kidney injury was observed in 1,844 patients (11%), stroke in 204 (1.3%) and in-hospital death in 286 (1.8%). Neither the duration of the time spent for perfusion flow (<1.6 L/minute/m2) nor the duration of the time spent for perfusion pressure (<50 mmHg) was associated with postoperative acute kidney injury, stroke or death in adjusted models.

Conclusions:

Neither low perfusion pressure nor low perfusion flow during cardiopulmonary bypass were predictive of postoperative acute kidney injury, stroke or death.
Social media in times of crisis: Learning from Hurricane Harvey for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic response
Authors: Mirbabaie Milad , Bunker Deborah , Stieglitz Stefan , Marx Julian , Ehnis Christian
Published: June 2020

In recent times societal crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak have given rise to a tension between formal ‘command and control’ and informal social media activated self-organising information and communication systems that are utilised for crisis management decision-making. Social media distrust affects the dissemination of disaster information as it entails shifts in media perception and participation but also changes in the way individuals and organisations make sense of information in critical situations. So far, a little considered notion in this domain is the concept of sense-giving. Originating from organisational theory, it is used to explain the mechanisms behind intentional information provision that fosters collective meaning creation. In our study, we seek to understand the potential impact of sense-giving from Twitter crisis communication generated during the Hurricane Harvey disaster event. Social network and content analyses performed with a dataset of 9,414,463 tweets yielded insights into how sense-giving occurs during a large-scale disaster event. Theoretically, we specified (1) perpetual sense-giving, which relies primarily on topical authority and frequency; as well as (2) intermittent sense-giving, which occurs from high value of message content and leverage of popularity, that is, retweets. Our findings emphasise the importance of information-rich actors in communication networks and the leverage of their influence in crises such as coronavirus disease 2019 to reduce social media distrust and facilitate sense-making.
Entrepreneurship Education in the Transformation of Incarcerated Individuals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Directions
Authors: Grosholz Jessica M. , Kabongo Jean D. , Morris Michael H. , Wichern Ashley
Published: June 2020

This article draws upon the theories of entrepreneurial cognition, planned behavior, and criminal desistance to understand the role of entrepreneurship education in the behavioral and cognitive transformation of incarcerated individuals. Specifically, this article considers how participation in an entrepreneurship education program should influence entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, cognitive transformation, and institutional misconduct. It suggests these changes are more likely to influence an incarcerated person’s entrepreneurial intentions and criminal desistance. The six propositions presented shed light on how an incarcerated individual’s willingness to change his or her attitudes and develop an entrepreneurial mind-set influence his or her behavior in prison and prepares him or her to prosper in a dynamic and complex world after release. This article argues that the study of one’s transformation while incarcerated through the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities is likely to advance empirical and theoretical perspectives of the fields of entrepreneurship. The examination of how incarcerated persons deal with fear of failure, risk aversion, and identity, in particular, presents great opportunities for future research.
Influence of Glenoid Labral Bumper Height and Capsular Volume on Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair as Assessed With Serial CT Arthrogram: Can Anterior-Inferior Volume Fraction Be a Prognostic Factor?
Authors: Lee Seung-Jun , Kim Jung-Han , Gwak Heui-Chul , Kim Chang-Wan , Lee Chang-Rack , Jung Soo-Hwan , Kwon Chung-Il
Published: June 2020

Background:

Arthroscopic labral repair combined with capsular plication decreases joint volume and restores glenoid labral bumper height; thus, the procedure helps decrease capsular redundancy. However, the decreased volume and restored glenoid labral bumper height could change over time, which could influence the outcome of the operation.

Purpose:

To (1) measure glenoid labral bumper height and capsular volume quantitatively in serial computed tomography arthrography (CTA) and evaluate the relationship between bumper height and joint volume and (2) compare the difference in bumper height and joint volume between groups with and without apprehension after arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who had undergone arthroscopic Bankart repair between January 2012 and June 2016, and were assessed by CTA 3 to 6 months and 12 to 18 months after the operation were included. An image reconstruction program (3-dimensional slicer) was used to calculate inferior, anterior-inferior, and posterior-inferior joint volumes; the ratio of the anterior-inferior volume to the inferior volume was defined as the anterior-inferior volume fraction (VFAI). We also measured glenoid labral bumper height at the 5-, 4-, and 3-o’clock positions.

Results:

A total of 50 patients were enrolled as study participants (mean age, 25.2 ± 9.29 years). Of these, 10 patients had either redislocation or apprehension, and 40 patients had neither. A significant correlation was observed between 5-o’clock glenoid labral bumper height and VFAI on early CTA (3-6 months) and late CTA (12-18 months) (early CTA: Pearson coefficient, –0.335, P = .040; late CTA: Pearson coefficient, –0.468, P = .003). VFAI at the early CTA was 42.20 ± 10.15 in the group with apprehension and 33.49 ± 9.66 in the group without apprehension; a significant difference was observed. VFAI at the late CTA was 45.84 ± 11.97 in the group with apprehension and 37.65 ± 9.70 in the group without apprehension and thus showed a significant difference between the 2 groups. However, the 3-, 4-, and 5-o’clock glenoid labral bumper heights on early and late CTAs did not show a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

Early postoperative VFAI is related to postoperative apprehension and redislocation and might be reduced by increasing the 5-o’clock glenoid labral bumper height.
Psychometric Analysis and Factor Structure of the Spanish Version of the Eight-Item Patient Health Questionnaire in a General Sample of Puerto Rican Adults
Authors: Pagán-Torres Orlando M. , González-Rivera Juan Aníbal , Rosario-Hernández Ernesto
Published: June 2020

Depressive disorders may cause significant impairment in social, occupational, and academic areas of functioning. This research aims to analyze the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish version of the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) in a sample of 494 Puerto Rican adults. We analyzed the Cronbach alpha internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, and factor structure of the instrument. The findings of the study revealed that the PHQ-8 obtained an excellent internal consistency of .92. Pearson’s r correlation analysis showed a high and statistically significant association between PHQ-8 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) providing evidence of concurrent validity. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses to examine the factor structure of the PHQ-8. The two models (unidimensional and multidimensional) showed an adequate adjustment to the data, but the unidimensional model was recommended. The PHQ-8 is a plausible adaptation of the PHQ-9 that may be used in any study directed to explore depressive symptoms without considering suicidal thoughts.
Facilitators to Engagement in a Mother–Child Therapeutic Intervention Following Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Treyvaud Karli , Savopoulos Priscilla , Jones Amanda , Cox Allison , Toone Emma , Giallo Rebecca
Published: June 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects more than one in four children worldwide. Despite the growing evidence base for interventions addressing children’s IPV exposure, little is known about what assists families to engage with services. The current study sought to explore women’s perceptions of barriers and facilitators to accessing an intervention for their children following IPV. A total of 16 mothers who had engaged in a community-based, dyadic intervention for children exposed to IPV participated in the study. The Brief Relational Intervention and Screening (BRISC) is an evidenced informed program designed by Berry Street (Australia). A pilot of the intervention was implemented across one metropolitan and one regional site. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 mothers who had completed BRISC. Transcripts were analyzed in NVivo using thematic analysis. Key facilitators to initial engagement included strong referral pathways, clear information about the program, and initial phone contact from the service. Difficulty trusting services were identified as a key barrier to initial engagement. Facilitators of continued engagement included flexibility in service delivery, consistent and direct communication between sessions, and the therapeutic approach. Key barriers to sustained intervention engagement included children’s continued contact with their father, mothers’ experiences of guilt and blame, and the need for additional support for mothers’ own mental health. These findings highlight how service and clinician factors such as flexibility, therapeutic approaches, and communication can facilitate engagement for families affected by IPV. In addition, the study highlights the importance of including the voices of women in research to improve the acceptability of services for consumers.
Research on vehicle attitude and heading reference system based on multi-sensor information fusion
Authors: Fan Jiacheng , Wang Zengcai , Lin Mingxing , Fang Susu , Liu Xiangpeng , Fan Baiwang
Published: June 2020

To improve the accuracy of attitude and heading reference systems for moving vehicles, an effective orientation estimation method is proposed. The method uses an odometer, a low-cost magnetic, angular rate, and gravity sensor. This study addresses the problems of non-orthogonal error, carrier magnetic field interference and calibration to obtain accurate, long-term, stable magnetic field strength. A neural network fusion 12-parameter ellipse fitting method is proposed to eliminate the soft magnetic field and hard magnetic field interference. The interference to the accelerometer from linear acceleration is eliminated by using an odometer and a gyroscope, and the high-frequency noise from the accelerometer is eliminated by using a low-pass filter. An improved method to evaluate vehicle attitude is proposed and utilized to compensate for filtered accelerometer measurement when the vehicle is moving at a uniform, accelerate and steering state. The proposed method uses an effective adaptive Kalman filter based on the error state model to reduce dynamic perturbations. Filter gain is adaptively tuned under different moving modes by adjusting the noise matrix. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by experiments and simulations in multiple operating conditions.
A novel cutterhead cascade control strategy for hybrid-driving tunnel boring machines
Authors: Wang Fei , Gong Guofang , Qin Yongfeng , Sun Chenchen , Yang Huayong
Published: June 2020

The electro-hydraulic hybrid cutterhead driving system is a newly developed innovative cutterhead driving system of tunnel boring machine. Regulating the cutterhead rotational speed, balancing the driving load and the torque control of the hydraulic motors are three essential issues of the electro-hydraulic hybrid cutterhead driving system to be addressed. The conventional synchronization method focuses on pure rotational speed regulation only and therefore causes serious unbalanced driving torque phenomena in the cutterhead driving system. In this article, a cascade control scheme is proposed which is, namely, grouped into three control levels. In the high level, a nonlinear disturbance observer–based integral sliding mode control strategy integrated with anti-windup technique scheme is proposed to guarantee the tracking accuracy of the cutterhead rotational speed. Furthermore, the total driving torque of the electro-hydraulic hybrid cutterhead driving system is estimated by the disturbance observer. The middle level is the driving torque distributor which generates the torque reference for each driving unit. Owing to the nonlinear characteristics of the hydraulic system, an adaptive robust controller is introduced to guarantee the output torque of hydraulic motors and to track the torque reference signal. The torque tracking performance of electromotors is guaranteed by the converter. The co-simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed cascade control scheme. The results show that the proposed control system can guarantee the cutterhead rotational speed tracking performance while overcome the biased load problems in pinion–ring gear transmission system of electro-hydraulic hybrid cutterhead driving system.
Carotid Stent Restenosis and Thrombosis in Rabbits: The Effect of Antiplatelet Agents
Authors: Kadoglou Nikolaos P. E. , Stasinopoulou Marianna , Giannakopoulos Triantafyllos , Papapetrou Anastasios , Dimitriou Constantinos , Travlou Anthi , Merkouri Efrosyni , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Liapis Christos D.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The purpose of the study was the comparative assessment of ticagrelor and clopidogrel effects on carotid post-balloon injury (PBI) and on post carotid artery stenting (CAS) rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and in-stent thrombosis in atherosclerotic rabbits.

Methods:

Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits on high-fat diet were randomized into 4 groups: A1: PBI and clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/d), A2: PBI and ticagrelor (21 mg/kg twice daily), B1: PBI, CAS, and clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/d), B2: PBI, CAS, and ticagrelor (21 mg/kg twice daily). All rabbits received orally aspirin (10 mg/kg/d) and interventions were performed in their right carotid arteries (RCAs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and carotid angiography were performed at end point, while platelet aggregation and lipid profile were measured. After euthanasia both carotids were obtained for histological examination.

Results:

In B1 group, 3 rabbits presented thrombotic total occlusion of the stents, while none such episode was observed in B2 group. The neointimal areas in RCAs, calculated by OCT, did not differ between A1 and A2 groups, and between B1 and B2 groups ( P > .05). From the histological findings, the intima/(media + intima) percentage (%) in RCAs of balloon-injured rabbits did not present any difference between groups ( P = .812). Similarly, the immunohistochemically determined accumulation of endothelial cells and macrophages on vascular walls was equivalent between groups ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Following carotid balloon injury and stenting, clopidogrel and ticagrelor did not show any differential effects on the extent of neointimal formation and ISR in atherosclerotic rabbits receiving aspirin. Three thrombotic stent occlusions were noted in the clopidogrel treatment group, but this finding was not statistically significant.
Free vibration analysis of multistepped nonlocal Bernoulli–Euler beams using dynamic stiffness matrix method
Authors: Taima Moustafa S , El-Sayed Tamer A , Farghaly Said H
Published: June 2020

The free vibration of multistepped nanobeams is studied using the dynamic stiffness matrix method. The beam analysis is based on the Bernoulli–Euler theory, and the nanoscale analysis is based on the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The nanobeam is attached to linear and rotational elastic supports at the start, end, and intermediate boundary conditions. The effect of the nonlocal parameter, boundary conditions, and step ratios on the nanobeam natural frequency is investigated. The results of the dynamic stiffness matrix methods are validated by comparing selected cases with the literature, which give excellent agreement with those literatures. The results show that the dimensionless natural frequency parameter is inversely proportional to the nonlocal parameters except in the first mode for clamped-free boundary conditions. Also, the gap between every two consecutive modes decreases with the increasing of the nonlocal parameter.
Effectiveness of the transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback in women with multiple sclerosis for the management of overactive bladder
Authors: Polat Dunya Cansu , Tulek Zeliha , Kürtüncü Murat , Panicker Jalesh N , Eraksoy Mefkure
Published: June 2020

Background:

Overactive bladder (OAB) is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with a limited number of treatment options.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with biofeedback on OAB symptoms in female MS patients.

Methods:

This study was conducted at the outpatient MS clinic in Istanbul. At baseline bladder diary, post-voiding residue (PVR), OAB, and Qualiveen Scales (QoL: Quality of Life; Siup: Specific Impact of Urinary Problems on QoL) were assessed. Patients were allocated to receive TTNS or PFMT daily for 6 weeks and reevaluated using the same tests.

Results:

Fifty-five patients (TTNS = 28, PFMT = 27) were included. Compared with baseline, both TTNS and PFMT groups improved in terms of OAB ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001), Qualiveen-siup ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001), Qualiveen-QoL ( p = 0.002, p = 0.006), PVR ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.21), frequency ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.69), nocturia ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.19), urgency ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001), and urge incontinence ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001). Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in 24-hour frequency ( p = 0.002) in favor of TTNS.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates the efficacy of both TTNS and PFMT for managing OAB symptoms in MS, associated with a significant impact on QoL, but did not show superiority of the methods. Further studies are needed to explore differences between these two non-invasive treatments.
Assessing perceived job quality among seasonal tourism workers: The case of Rimini, Italy
Authors: Guidetti Giovanni , Pedrini Giulio , Zamparini Luca
Published: June 2020

This article aims at discussing the perceived job quality especially among seasonal workers in the tourism industry through the analysis of a sample of 407 seasonal workers hired in the summer of 2013 in the Province of Rimini, one of the most popular sun, sand and sea tourism destinations in Europe. The identification/construction of a job quality index is the most original contribution of this article as it integrates the subjective components with a selection of objective items related to skills endowment and training opportunities and with a set of job holders’ characteristics, qualifications and occupations. The impact of each component is then evaluated and discussed in the article by means of several statistical and econometric techniques including analysis of variance and cluster analyses as well as ordinary least squares regressions. Results show that the perception of seasonal work seems thus to be more multifaceted than usually assumed. Although it is intrinsically precarious and characterized by objectively bad jobs under many aspects, such as stability, career opportunities and skill requirements, workers’ perception of job quality is mixed, being positively influenced by the assignment to part-time and front-line positions. Such evidence provides relevant insights to design better jobs in the tourism industry and improve its long-term sustainability in contexts characterized by high seasonality.
Somatic symptom and related disorders in pediatric patients: Associations with parent psychiatric and substance use histories
Authors: LaVigne Timothy W , Laake Lauren M , Ibeziako Patricia
Published: June 2020

Parental response to pediatric patients with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) can impact symptom presentation. However, little is known about the impact of parent psychiatric and substance use disorder (SUD) history on the functional status and medical healthcare utilization of patients with SSRDs. The current study explored the associations between parent psychiatric & SUD history and patient somatic symptoms, functional disability, and hospital course in a medically hospitalized sample of pediatric patients with SSRDs. The electronic medical records of 375 pediatric patients with SSRDs, ages 5 to 18, admitted at a tertiary pediatric hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Parent psychiatric histories were identified in 45.1% of the sample. Parent SUD history and maternal psychiatric history were associated with more patient reported somatization. Parent psychiatric and SUD history were not associated with pediatric patients’ level of functional disability or healthcare utilization during admission, including admission length, number of tests, and number of consultations obtained. This study has implications regarding reduction of potential stigma towards parents with psychiatric or SUD histories whose children are hospitalized with SSRDs. While such histories may provide insights regarding somatization presentation of pediatric patients with these disorders, it may not necessarily impact level of functional disability or hospital course.
Frank William Westhoff (1863–1938): A Music Education Leader of the Progressive Era
Authors: Hash Phillip M.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the life and work of Frank William Westhoff (1863–1938), a leader in music education during the progressive era (circa 1890s–1950s). Research questions focused on his work as a music supervisor, teacher educator, pedagogue, and textbook author. I also explored Westhoff’s contributions to the profession and influence on music education.

Westhoff was born in St. Charles County, Missouri, in 1863. He moved to Decatur, Illinois, in 1884, and in 1893 he began supervising music in the city’s public schools. From 1901 to 1935, Westhoff served as music instructor at ISNU, where he taught methods classes, directed ensembles, and supervised music in the local public schools. He died in Normal, Illinois, in 1938. Although Westhoff was not as prominent a figure in music education as those who led the field on a national level during his time, he played an important role in sustaining, perpetuating, and expanding school music on a regional basis throughout much of the progressive era. He was a founding member of Music Supervisors’ National Conference at Keokuk, Iowa, in 1907, and published numerous compositions and didactic materials, including a statewide curriculum that helped standardize music instruction in Illinois.
MicroRNA-547-5p-mediated interleukin-33/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 signaling underlies the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain and is targeted by the therapy with bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Zhou Ju , Zhuang Ting , Ma Peng , Shan Lidong , Sun Xiao-Dong , Gong Shan , Tao Jin , Yu Xian-Min , Jiang Xinghong
Published: June 2020

Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) signaling is known to promote inflammation and the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, it remained mostly unknown how IL-33/ST2 signaling can be enhanced by neuropathic stimulations. Here, we report that the chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI)-induced increases in the expression of IL-33 and ST2 and a decrease in microRNA (miRNA)-547-5p not only in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but also in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) ipsilateral to the CCI. We found that increasing endogenous miRNA-547-5p by the intrathecal (i.t.) infusion of agomir-miR-547-5p did not produce any effect in naive rats but blocked the CCI-induced increases in the IL-33 and ST2, and pain sensitivity. The reducing endogenous miRNA-547-5p by the i.t. delivering antagomir-miR-547-5p into naive rats caused significant changes in IL-33 and ST2 expressions in both the DRG and SDH, and pain sensitivity, which were similar to those induced by the CCI. Since increasing IL-33 by the i.t. infusion of recombinant IL-33 produced no change in the expression of miR-547-5p, and the CCI still reduced miR-547-5p expression in rats with the IL-33 knockdown, we conclude that the reduction of miR-547-5p can be an upstream event leading to the enhancement of IL-33/ST2 signaling induced by the CCI. The intravenous application of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) reduced the depression of miR-547-5p in both the DRG and SDH, and pain hypersensitivity produced by the CCI or antagomir-miR547-5p application. However, the BMSC effect was significantly occluded by the pretreatment with miR-547-5p agomir or the IL-33 knockdown, demonstrating a novel mechanism underlying the BMSC therapy.
Carotid artery webs in embolic stroke of undetermined source with large intracranial vessel occlusion
Authors: Labeyrie Marc-Antoine , Serrano Fabiola , Civelli Vittorio , Jourdaine Clément , Reiner Peggy , Saint-Maurice Jean-Pierre , Chabriat Hugues , Houdart Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Background

Whether carotid artery web can be considered as a potential source of arterial thromboembolism in ischemic stroke remains uncertain.

Aims

In a large sample of individuals with large intracranial artery occlusion, we compared the prevalence of carotid artery webs between patients with and without embolic stroke of undetermined source.

Methods

In a single-center study of consecutive patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke referred for mechanical thrombectomy, the presence of carotid artery web was systematically assessed by two independent readers. Thereafter, its prevalence was compared between patients with and without embolic stroke of undetermined source.

Results

Among 466 patients of whom 12% were considered to have had an embolic stroke of undetermined source, ipsilateral carotid artery web was detected in 1.9% (confidence interval 95% = 0.7–3.1). Ipsilateral carotid artery web was more frequent in embolic stroke of undetermined source than in the rest of the sample (10.7% (confidence interval 95% = 2.7–18.7] vs. 0.7% (0–1.5), P < 0.001). This difference remains significant after adjustment for sex, age, and vascular risk factor (odds ratio: 12.5 (2.1–72), P = 0.005) or after exclusion of patients with any other bulb wall thickening ( P = 0.025). In contrast, the difference of prevalence of contralateral carotid artery web between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (2.4% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.6).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the presence of a carotid artery web might be considered as a potential source of large intracranial artery embolism. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the exact risk of recurrence associated with these lesions.
Synthesis of HA-SS-MP: A Prodrug With High Specificity for Cancer Cells
Authors: Tao Bo , Yin Zong-ning
Published: June 2020

Thiolated hyaluronic acid was synthesized, and a quantification method was established to determine the content of the thiol group. Three thiol compounds, 2-nitro-5-mercapto-benzoic acid (TNB), 2- mercaptonicotinic acid (2-MNA), and mercaptopyridine (MPD), were tested for their efficiency in forming adducts with hyaluronic acid (HA) through disulfide bonds. Our results showed that MPD exhibited the highest disulfide exchange efficiency when the reaction was conducted at the optimal pH value. The synthesized hyaluronic acid-SS-mercaptopurine (HA-SS-MP) was characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The HA-SS-MP micelle showed a particle size of 264.4 nm in aqueous solution. An in vitro release experiment demonstrated that the releasing rate of 6-MP from HA-SS-MP in the release medium containing glutathione (GSH) was much higher than that in the release medium without GSH. Cell uptake experiments demonstrated the CD44 targeting of hyaluronic acid. Cytotoxicity tests in mouse melanoma cells (B16F10) showed that HA-SS-MP can kill melanoma cells effectively and with lower cytotoxicity, compared with the active ingredient, 6-MP.
The Instrumental Mediated Visibility of Violence: The 2013 Protests in Brazil and the Limitations of the Protest Paradigm
Authors: Jiménez-Martínez César
Published: June 2020

Studies examining protest news coverage often look at it through a “protest paradigm,” arguing that “mainstream” media delegitimize protests by emphasizing violence and marginalizing grievances. Focusing on the June 2013 protests in Brazil, this article takes the discussion in a different conceptual and empirical direction, examining the forces that, according to national, alternative, and foreign journalists, shaped the coverage of violence during those demonstrations. Drawing on forty-three in-depth interviews, the accounts of these individuals confirm the need to move beyond deterministic approaches suggested by the protest paradigm, acknowledging that the mediated visibility of violence does neither invariably lead to support for the status quo nor to a demonization of social unrest. News coverage of violence emerges alternatively as an instrument with the potential to be strategically exploited for diverse political, ideological, and commercial purposes. A closer examination of the frictional processes leading up to mediated visibility also recognizes that sensationalism and drama are not exclusive to the mainstream media. Despite their potential to broaden the mediated visibility of protest, alternative and foreign journalists may narrate demonstrations as politically legitimate but ultimately shallow spectacles, where the drama of violence—committed by either authorities or demonstrators—obscures the underlying grievances driving people on to the streets. The views of journalists are an important contribution to debates about protest news coverage, given the scarcity of studies examining their accounts during these episodes.
Pituitary dysfunction in patients with ANCA associated vasculitis: prevalence, presentation, and outcomes
Authors: Li Chunjia , Zou Yu , Lu Xin , Wang Guochun , Shu Xiaoming
Published: June 2020

Background:

The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are rare multisystem autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration causing necrosis of small blood vessels. Pituitary involvement in AAV is poorly described. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of pituitary involvement in patients with AAV.

Methods:

A total of 150 patients diagnosed with AAV and hospitalized in the China–Japan Friendship Hospital between 2009 and 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with pituitary involvement in AAV were selected for inclusion.

Results:

Three patients (2%) were identified with pituitary involvement. Two patients had positive ANCA titers, one with proteinase 3 positive and one with myeloperoxidase positive antibodies. Pituitary dysfunction presented as an initial symptom in one patient and developed over the course of the diseases in the other two patients. All three patients had abnormal hormones. Among them, two patients had an enlarged pituitary, shown by magnetic resonance images (MRIs), and one patient had a normal sized pituitary, shown by MRI, but presented with increased linear radioactivity uptake in the pituitary fossa by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. All patients were treated with corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. Both pituitary dysfunction and vasculitis were in remission.

Conclusion:

Pituitary involvement is uncommon in AAV and it can occur at any point during AAV. The main clinical manifestations are central diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism. Immunosuppressive therapy could significantly alleviate clinical symptoms as well as pituitary imaging.
Traumatic rib head subluxation through the intervertebral foramen causing spinal cord contusive injury in a cat
Authors: Lisiewicz Natalie , Green Matthew , Targett Mike , Lowrie Mark
Published: June 2020

Case summary

A 4-year-old cat involved in a road traffic accident presented with paraparesis, which was worse on the right-hand side. Neurolocalisation was to the T3–L3 spinal cord segments. Survey radiographs showed rib fractures but no definitive diagnosis for the paraparesis. CT revealed fracture of the dorsal rim and a T9 rib subluxation through the intervertebral foramen at T8–T9. This caused a contusive spinal injury. Treatment consisted of rest and analgesia. The cat recovered well, with the owner reporting no abnormalities 5 months following the injury.

Relevance and novel information

Road traffic accidents are a common cause of injury in the cat population, with a significant number having thoracic injuries. These include rib injures such as fractures. This is the first reported case of a traumatic rib subluxation causing a contusive injury in the spinal cord of any species. Previously reported rib subluxations have been seen in humans with spinal deformities. Conservative management in this case was sufficient.
Can Social Media News Encourage Activism? The Impact of Discrimination News Frames on College Students’ Activism Intentions
Authors: Smith Marisa A. , Williamson Lillie D. , Bigman Cabral A.
Published: June 2020

The marginalization of African Americans is a pervasive issue in American society. As African Americans are left on the fringes of economic, social, and political resources, social media news offers the potential for motivating action that combats the institutional policies contributing to societal disparities. Utilizing the lens of the Anger Activism Model (AAM), this experiment recruited undergraduate participants ( N = 198) and tested the effects of implicit and explicit discrimination news frames on activism intentions. The findings indicate that news frames directly impact reported levels of activism intentions among college students. Unexpectedly, we found racial differences in perceptions of whether the news stories involved racial discrimination. The implications of these findings are discussed considering social media news, marginalization, and activism among college students.