bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teenagers Language Politeness Strategy on Social Media WhatsApp Based on Level of Education
Authors: Amalia Hafid Riska , Serliana Serliana , Gusnawaty Gusnawaty , M. Said Ikhwan
Published: February 2022

Language politeness in social media is still often ignored. The article aims to describe teenagers' politeness strategies in social media conversations, especially in the WhatsApp group of junior high schools, senior high schools, and colleges. The research was quantitative and qualitative descriptive, and the population was complete sentences in WhatsApp group conversations. The period of recording the conversation with each group is during September 2021. The data collection technique is by exporting the conversation data to Ms. Words. The data were arranged based on the entry date, then coded using Brown & Levinson's politeness theory. The interpretation of the data classification results used the approach of Makassar's cultural perspective. The findings showed that in social media WhatsApp, the teenagers talked more frequently used three kinds of politeness strategies. 1) Bald on record involving questions, commands, and requests. Teenagers use this strategy from three-level of education. 2) Positive strategies involve jokes, identity, and paying attention. The college and high schools teenagers use jokes and identity. However, paying attention's strategy is just used by college teenagers. 3) Negative strategies include apologies, be-thankful, and questions. College and high schools teenagers use the apology and thank strategies. Nevertheless, teenagers from the high school level only used negative politeness in asking questions. In conclusion, the level of education of teenagers determines the use of politeness strategy in social media. The implication is that teachers and stakeholders pay more attention to students' language politeness building, especially in speaking politely to others, so their interaction is harmonious with their communities.
Development of Web-Based English Proficiency Test Model for EFL Classroom
Authors: Ayuba Hasan , Masae Aleeyah
Published: February 2022

The digital transformation of higher education institutions is a critical concern that several stakeholders in education must address; however, abilities to apply ICT in all spheres of life are still evolving, most notably Web-based tests to assess students' English proficiency. This research aims to produce a Web-Based English proficiency test for the English Education Study Program in State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Sultan Amai Gorontalo. The type of this research was Research and Development (R&D). The researcher modified Borg and Gall's development research model, which consisted of five steps:(1) evaluation of material and media experts, (2) one-on-one trial, (3) small group trial, (4) field trial, and (5) the final product.The evaluation was conducted by a media and material expert. The trial subjects consisted of 40 students: 12 students of one-to-one trial, 20 students of small group trial, and 40 students of field trial (including those in one-to-one and small group trial students). The data collection instrumentsused was an evaluation sheet for material expert, media expert, and a questionnaire for students involved in the display and the web system aspects. The data were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative, and qualitative techniques. The research result revealed that the Web-Based Test of English proficiency for English Program,developed determined by the media expert, indicated that the web display aspect assessed “good” (4,07). Meanwhile, the evaluation result from media expertsshowed from the system aspect considered “good” (4,10). The final product of this research was a web-based test for English Proficiency with the domain address www.eptestee.or.id.
Pendampingan Pengolahan Limbah Plastik Minuman Kemasan Menjadi Kerajinan Tangan
Authors: Haerana Haerana , Tahir Nurbiah , Sudarman Fatmawada , Harakan Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Limbah plastik dapat dikreasikan menjadi sejumlah kerajinan tangan berupa keranjang belanja, tempat tisu, tempat minuman gelas, aksesoris dan hiasan rumah lainnya yang tentu saja memiliki nilai jual. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat melalui peluang usaha pemanfaatan limbah plastik sehingga akhirnya mendapat tambahan penghasilan. Target mitra yaitu masyarakat yang minat berwirausaha. Kegiatan PKM dijalankan melalui tahap, yaitu 1) persiapan dengan sosialisasi kegiatan kepada masyarakat, untuk memudahkan koordinasi maka akan dibentuk kelompok usaha kecil 2) pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan cara pelatihan dilengkapi dengan praktek langsung 3) pendampingan dilakukan selama pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan baik dalam proses produksi, inovasi produk, administrasi dan akuntansi sederhana, maupun pemasaran. Proses pemasaran dilakukan secara offline dan online. Dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner kepada peserta setelah PKM ini dilaksanakan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 80 % peserta telah sangat baik memahami teknik pembuatan produk inovatif yang diajarkan dan terdapat 83 % peserta telah memiliki tingkat pemahaman yang sangat baik terhadap penggunaan website/blog sebagai sarana pemasaran online.
Explorations into the Neurological Basis of our Sense of Self
Authors: Lethin Anton
Published: February 2022

The sense of self as a covert agent is a key component to the sense of self. This paper focuses on covert action as a preparation to interact. This activates the entire motor system, including the gamma motoneurons innervating the muscle spindles. The proprioceptive stimulation is fed back to the network of origin, contributing to a sense of self as generating the covert activity. A study of motivated behavior in the rat is presented to clarify how the motivation potentiates actions in the body. This is set into Panksepp’s subcortical action system of emotional circuits, where the motivation arises. This sets the motor tone for the planned action. This picture is interpreted with Ellis’s and Newton’s model portraying how emotional motivation can lead to phenomenal consciousness. It is proposed that no motor imagery occurs without involving the body. The higher levels of awareness depend on the subcortical bodily intentionality.
A Somatopsychic-Relational Model for Growing an Emotionally Healthy, Sexually Open Body from the Ground Up
Authors: Tuccillo Elaine
Published: February 2022

There is a foundation of relational elements upon which healthy adult sexuality is built. We have learned from Bioenergetic, Psychoanalytic and other developmental theorists that from birth on the child’s capacity to connect, to make contact, and to expand energetically into relationship grows in depth and in complexity; and that the child’s sexuality emerges developmentally along a path of increasing awareness of loving feeling, and somatic sensations and psychic perception of excitement and pleasure. This paper looks at the impact that the parent-child relationship can have toward the development of healthy, life-affirming, sexuality. Sexuality is at the core of the life force and it is organized by early relational events. Healthy sexuality has its origins in the complex nurturant attachment process and is formed in the mutual love and joy of the parent-child bond. There are key relational elements that characterize this bond that work synergistically to support healthy sexual development. They are: safety, love, acceptance and nurturance of the life force, admiration and adoration, and the positive parental model of relationship. Sexuality is an adventure, a journey that one must be equipped psychologically to take. These key elements are fundamental for the journey to be positive, constructive and life-affirming.
The Embodied Mind
Authors: Resneck-Sannes Helen
Published: February 2022

Focus is on the salient aspects of neurobiological research, which are relevant for psychotherapy and particularly for Bioenergetics. This research concludes that the brain informs the body and the body in turn informs and sculpts the brain. The implications of this finding are discussed in relation to the Bioenergetic theory of character development. A brief overview of the anatomy and functions of the brain is presented with references to theories regarding the processing of traumatic memories. Finally, a more in-depth analysis of some of the findings from neuroscientific investigations are summarized regarding how empathic interactions between caretakers and infants build neuronal structures in the sensory motor areas of the brain.
Fathers are the Dark Matter of the Psychic Universe
Authors: Baum Scott
Published: February 2022

This paper explores some of the aspects of fathers’ influence on personality development. The author takes the position that significant aspects of that process have been left unexamined, for reasons hypothesized about in the paper. Using personal and clinical material, the author attempts to bring some of those aspects to light.
A Bioenergetic Clinical Case Study of Sarah
Authors: Rhoads D. Emma
Published: February 2022

This is a case study written as the final paper for my clinical training program at the New York Society for Bioenergetic Analysis. Our final year of training was focused on the study of transference and countertransference dynamics. The assignment for this paper was to present a case study including a clinical formulation of the characterological dynamics of the client’s personality functioning, a bioenergetic body and character assessment, and an examination of the transference and countertransference dynamics within the treatment.
Rekindling Pleasure: Seven Exercises for Opening your Heart, Reaching Out and Touching Gently
Authors: Shapiro Bennett
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to help you open your heart, reach out, touch gently and by doing so gain more pleasure in your life. Section I, Introduction, outlines the normal biological pattern of opening your heart, reaching out and touching gently. It introduces a developmental model explaining how internal conflicts are formed that could inhibit the pattern in yourself as an adult and thus reduce your pleasure. Section II, Seven Energetic Exercises, explores internal conflicts through a sequence of exercises that aims to reduce muscular, energetic and emotional inhibitions and increase pleasurable sensations. The exercises are useful both in a therapeutic setting and as self-help. Section III, Rekindling Pleasure in an Ongoing Relationship, demonstrates the importance of seeing your partner as a source of pleasure, and adapts six exercises from Section II for self-help use to address problems that arise in your relationship.
Using the Educational Quest as a Form of Control during Russian as a Foreign Language Classes
Authors: Antipova Irina Alexandrovna , Sidorova Olga Yurievna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research is to show the feasibility of using a creative form of control of the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in the process of teaching the publicistic style to cadets - foreign military specialists. The paper considers the features of applying the educational quest as a form of control during Russian as a Foreign Language classes at the Military University, using the study of the publicistic style as an example. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the educational quest is presented as an unconventional effective form of control and assessment of foreign military specialists’ knowledge, skills and proficiency in the Russian language. The use of the educational quest in the form of control of students’ acquired knowledge, skills and abilities is aimed at increasing the quality of theoretical material acquisition.
Current Issues of Teacher Education in the Era of Digital Transformation: A Theoretical Review
Authors: Bermus Aleksandr Grigorievich
Published: February 2022

The review paper aims to identify the most significant issues in the field of digital transformation of teacher education, which are studied by modern scientists - teachers, psychologists, sociologists. The paper determines the relevant topics and traces the dynamics of changes in the content of teacher education caused by digital transformation processes, according to the analysis of Russian and foreign academic pedagogical publications over the past 5 years (2017-2021). An increase in Russian researchers’ publication activities in the field of the digital transformation of teacher education is noted. The work presents a theoretical and methodological review of authors’ positions and interpretations in solving basic issues and matters related to changes in teachers’ role and functions in the digital information educational environment. The advantages and potential risks of the process of global digitalisation of education are assessed. It is the first time that the consequences of the digital transformation of the teacher education system are being considered in the context of an interdisciplinary approach as a global modernisation process covering all areas of training and educational activities. The research is novel in that carrying out a contextual analysis of a target sample containing texts of psychological and pedagogical nature that shed light on the impact of digitalisation on various aspects of future teachers’ professional training, it identifies the key changes in the forms, methods and organisation of the educational process in undergraduate and graduate teacher training programmes that meet the global challenges of the information society. Those changes include actively introducing digital educational technologies aimed at stimulating students’ creative mental actions and cognitive abilities; updating teacher education management on a digital basis; developing principles of digital didactics; reassessing professional pedagogical values. As a result, clusters of significant practice-oriented topics, keywords, as well as the most cited publications on the topics under consideration have been formed; possible prospects for the reconstruction of teacher education taking into account modern digital realities have been described.
Marine Specialist’s Information Security Culture and Its Formation Conditions
Authors: Zhestovskii Aleksandr Georgievich , Okolot Denis Yaroslavovich , Rudinskiy Igor Davidovich
Published: February 2022

The paper aims to detail the structure and content of one of the specific components of a person’s professional information culture - a marine specialist’s information security culture. The article considers the problematic of formation of marine specialists’ information security culture; formulates the definition of a marine specialist’s information security culture, identifies its characteristics and structure, presents and briefly describes the content of its components. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that it introduces the notion “marine specialist’s information security culture” into scientific circulation, identifies the content of this culture, as well as the conditions of its formation. The results of the study include identification of conditions and development of recommendations on the formation of a marine specialist’s information security culture.
Professional Deformations of Teachers at Regional Universities
Authors: Boltenkov Nikolay Vladimirovich , Grinko Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research is to identify professional deformations of university teachers at the regional level. The paper examines the distinguishing features of the teaching profession at the present stage of higher education development; considers factors that form the basis for the emergence and intensification of teachers’ professional deformations at regional universities; sheds light on the most common manifestations of deformations and provides their brief characteristics. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the authors have studied the issue of professional deformations among the teaching staff of a number of regional universities, have analysed the empirical material obtained and have found an inverse relationship between the severity of deformations and job satisfaction on a teacher’s part, between the progression of teachers’ deformations and the quality of the student body, as well as the correlation between the severity of “burnout” and a teacher’s subject field. As a result, factors contributing to the emergence of teachers’ deformations at the regional level have been identified, as well as their manifestations, the stages of development of professional “burnout” have been outlined and the main risk groups have been identified. It has been noted that the greatest risk of professional deviations is characteristic of teachers who do not hold academic degrees and ranks, as well as those aged 40 and over.
The Concept of Design Competence Formation in Future Bachelors of Applied Computer Science in the Digital Educational Environment of the Higher Education Institution
Authors: Gallini Nadezhda Igorevna
Published: February 2022

The study aims to develop the concept of forming design competence in future bachelors of applied computer science in the digital educational environment of higher education institutions. The article presents the content, purpose, formation principles, types, forms, and structure of design competence formation in future bachelors of applied computer science in the digital educational environment of higher education institutions. The scientific novelty of the research lies in providing insight into aspects of design competence of future bachelors of applied computer science, which consists of intellectual and creative abilities, informational and analytical competence, and economic and social literacy of future bachelors of applied computer science. It is expressed in value attitude to work with modern computer technologies, studying modern programming languages, coding, designing and practical use of professional activity results. As a result, it has been shown that the concept of forming design competence in future bachelors of applied computer science in the digital educational environment of the higher education institution is necessary to improve the training of programmers who can perform tasks using modern digital technologies and design new digital products following the social demand of modern society.
Digital Media as a Means for Forming Foreign-Language Communicative Competence and Universal Skills in Students of Non-Linguistic Universities
Authors: Kodrle Svetlana Vyacheslavovna , Savchenko Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2022

The study aims to shed light on the didactic potential of digital media in foreign language teaching in higher education. The paper examines the role that digital media play in the educational process, in the formation of foreign-language communicative competence, which involves the mastery of productive and receptive types of speech activity, as well as in the formation of universal skills in students of non-linguistic universities. The study is novel in that it is the first in Russian scientific discourse to classify digital educational media on the basis of functions that they perform in educational activities, as well as to correlate digital educational media with individual components of students’ foreign-language communicative competence and universal skills formed with their help. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, it has been proved that modern digital media are a didactic tool in the formation of foreign-language communicative competence and universal skills in students of non-linguistic universities, their inclusion in the educational process makes it possible to address a wide range of relevant tasks of modern higher education.
Application prospect of neuronetwork simulation for evaluation of structures and properties of polymer composite materials with hybrid matrices
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Kosenko E. A. , Ostroukh A. V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Baurova N. I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: February 2022

Artificial neural networks are applied in various fields: from economics and social studies to medicine and robotics. The neural networks allow one to solve various problems: prediction of events, associative search of information, check of product quality and many others. The recognition of images by the neural networks is probably the most popular task. The recognition of images and symbols allows one considerably to decrease labor-intensiveness and increase accuracy of various operation processes. The problems of an increase in the effectiveness and accuracy for evaluation of structures and properties of polymer composite materials (PCM) with different hybrid matrices by classification of data, using the neural networks, are discussed. The results of learning a neural network model for classification of PCM structures with different hybrid matrices are presented. After addition learning the proposed neuronetwork model can be used for evaluation of mechanical properties of PCM with different hybrid matrices and prediction of them for product design.
Optimasi Pembuatan Asap Cair Berkualitas dari Bahan Batok Kelapa dan Sabut Kelapa Sebagai Pestisida Organik Menggunakan Metode Taguchi
Authors: Siswanto
Published: February 2022

Liquid smoke is one of the raw materials that can be used as organic pesticides compounds contained in liquid smoke is anti-microbial and anti-septic.Based on the results of the research component compounds found in coconut shell liquid smoke, at pyrolysis temperature for grade 1 produced at the distillation temperature 1500C - 2000C grade 2 is produced at the distillation temperature 1250C, 1500C and grade 3 is produced at a distillation temperature of 1000 C –1250 C, consists of lignin, cellelose, and other carbon compounds which can be used as insect pesticides and other pest control organisms in plants. In terms of the quantity and quality of liquid smoke can be determined by the amount of water content and compounds contained in liquid smoke. In this research, biomass is used to produce high quality liquid smoke and to determine grades 1,2 and 3, so as to improve efficiency in the process of making liquid smoke. This study aims to optimize the quality of liquid smoke by paying attention to the percentage of water content, the percentage of phenol content and the percentage of acetic acid, using the taguchi method with factors of coconut shell and coconut fiber material factors, pyrolysis temperature, and purification distillation for final test results conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of the Indonesian Islamic University. The research results obtained for minimum water content are coconut shell material, pyrolysis temperature 3000C and distillation temperature 1000≤T1≤1250 for optimum phenol levels, namely coconut shell material, pyrolysis temperatur 5000C and distillation temperature 1000≤T1≤1250and for optimum acid content, namely coconut shell material, pyrolysis temperature 5000C and distillation temperature 1000≤T1≤1250.
TEMA DAN AMANAT LEGENDA ALAM GHAIB
Authors: Laili Nur , Noraidarayanti
Published: February 2022

Legenda adalah cerita rakyat yang berisikan tentang tokoh, peristiwa, atau tempat tertentu yang mencampurkan fakta historis dengan mitos. Maka dari itu legenda sering kali dianggap sebagai “Sejarah” kolektif (folk history). Maka dari itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja cerita banjar yang termasuk legenda. Penelitian ini dikaji dengan metode studi literature, yaitu mencari informasi tentang legenda alam ghaib diberbagai jurnal dan buku yang didapatkan pada situs google cendekia. Sehingga kami bisa menghasilkan artikel ini yang berisi tentang tema ada amanat alam ghaib di wilayah Kalimantan Selatan.
vl2bn: bnlearn interface for bayesvl objects
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: February 2022

DescriptionProvides the interface to the functions in the bnlearn package for network diagnostics of an object of class bayesvl. In : sshpa/bayesvl: Visually Learning the Graphical Structure of Bayesian Networks and Performing MCMC with 'Stan'
Air pollution and an attempt of improving situation
Authors: Quang-Loc Nguyen
Published: February 2022

What next after Covid-19 vaccinations?
Place-level urban-rural indices for the United States from 1930 to 2018
Authors: Uhl Johannes , Hunter Lori , Leyk Stefan , Connor Dylan , Nieves Jeremiah , Hester Cyrus , Talbot Catherine , Gutmann Myron
Published: February 2022

Rural-urban classifications are essential for analyzing geographic, demographic, environmental, and social processes across the rural-urban continuum. Most existing classifications are, however, only available at relatively aggregated spatial scales, such as at the county scale in the United States. The absence of rurality or urbanness measures at high spatial resolution poses significant problems when the process of interest is highly localized, as with the incorporation of rural towns and villages into encroaching metropolitan areas. Moreover, existing rural-urban classifications are often inconsistent over time, or require complex, multi-source input data (e.g., remote sensing observations or road network data), thus, prohibiting the longitudinal analysis of rural-urban dynamics. Here, we develop a set of distance- and spatial-network-based methods for consistently estimating the remoteness and rurality of places at fine spatial resolution, over long periods of time. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by constructing indices of urbanness for 30,000 places in the United States from 1930 to 2018 and further test the plausibility of our results against a variety of evaluation datasets. We call these indices the place-level urban-rural index (PLURAL) and make the resulting datasets publicly available (https://doi.org/10.3886/E162941) so that other researchers can conduct long-term, fine-grained analyses of urban and rural change. In addition, due to the simplistic nature of the input data, these methods can be generalized to other time periods or regions of the world, particularly to data-scarce environments.
Rethinking priorities in AI ethics guidelines in today’s era of humanity under threat
Authors: RAJAONAH Bako , Zio Enrico
Published: February 2022

This paper does not call into question the existing ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence, but suggests rethinking their priorities in today’s era of humanity under threat. In December 2020, the United Nations’ Secretary General described the anthropogenic degradation of the planet, claiming that “the planet is broken.” Adopting the approach of disaster risk reduction, we assert that the ongoing destruction of the planet is a disaster, which leads us to think in terms of resilience. We have examined existing works on ethical guidelines for AI through the lens of philosophy, namely, the imperative of responsibility toward the distant future of nature, including humanity, and an ethics of care articulated around maintenance, continuance and repairs. We have identified five ethical principles: respect for nature, respect for human rights, AI usefulness, AI transparency, and AI trustworthiness, which are explained through 19 subprinciples. We conclude with the difficulty of being concretely nature-friendly in today’s era of humanity under threat.
Monitoring Mood Disorder Using Activity Data
Authors: Heath Rachel Ann
Published: February 2022

A person’s mental health depends on how well they cope with environmental demands, from family, work and other potentially stressful situations. We examine the idea that a chronic illness, such as bipolar disorder, can be monitored using a complexity index obtained from a series of behavior measurements, such as activity measured by an ActiGraph. Low health status is associated with a reduction in complexity. In a single case proof-of-concept study, Sample Entropy and Permutation Entropy applied to ten-minute detrended and log-transformed activity data quantified the dynamic changes that occurred over 103 days for a 20-year-old male diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Daily log-log spectra were computed to check for long-term correlation in the data, and day-to-day changes in a logistic transform of the Permutation Entropy estimates were assessed by an adaptive Kalman filter. A significant change in activity was detected approximately three weeks prior to hospitalisation. A change in activity complexity, suggested by changes in the slope of linear log-log spectra, diurnal trends in Sample Entropy and in the transformed Permutation Entropy estimates, occurred in the morning and to some extent in the evening of the 24-hour activity time series. These findings have important implications for preventative mental health, as commercially available activity monitoring devices might function as an automated early warning for relapse in people diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Smartphone Use Behavior and Quality of Life, Influence of Two Awareness Modes
Authors: Sela Alon , Rosenboim Noam , Ben-Gal Hila Chalutz
Published: February 2022

How does smartphone use behavior affect quality of life factors? In what mental states does smartphone disturb quality of life and when it improves it? The following work suggests new insights into smartphone use behavior, mainly regarding two distinct smartphone modes of use that affect quality of life in opposite ways. The aware smartphone mode of use reflects an active lifestyle, while the unaware mode of use reflects the use of the smartphone in conjunction with other activities. Using data from 215 individuals who reported their quality of life and smartphone use habits, we show that high levels of smartphone use in the unaware mode have a significant negative effect on one’s quality of life. However, the results show a mild and less clear positive effect when the individual demonstrates an aware mode of use. Using structural equation modeling, we identify three latent factors within the quality of life construct and measure the effect of each factor on quality of life. (i) The functioning latent factor, which is an individual’s ability to function well in his or her daily life, is not affected by smartphone use behavior. In contrast, (ii) the competence latent factor, which can be associated with the lack of negative emotions/pain, and (iii) the positive feelings latent factor both show a clear effect with the smartphone-unaware mode of use. Since smartphones are currently an interface between the self and cyber space, as well as between the self and other individuals online, these results are important when considering social wellbeing in relation to digital human behavior, smartphone addiction and a healthy mode of use.
The role of reciprocity in dynamic interpersonal coordination of physiological rhythms
Authors: Konvalinka Ivana , Sebanz Natalie , Knoblich Günther
Published: February 2022

A central question in social cognition research is how people coordinate their bodily rhythms, and how important reciprocity of interaction is for interpersonal coordination. Previous research has primarily focused on interpersonal action coordination, which has been shown to be facilitated by mechanisms of prediction and mutual adaption. Recent research is beginning to show that people also coordinate their physiological rhythms (i.e., respiration, heart rhythms) when they engage in natural forms of social interaction, such as conversation, choir singing, and rituals. However, the mechanisms underlying interpersonal physiological synchronization remain obscure, and could provide insight into the dynamic mechanisms that underlie continuous and regulatory, rather than instrumental, joint actions. Using real-time biofeedback, we investigated whether people synchronize their respiration rhythms by forming a joint dynamical system through reciprocity of interaction, or by producing more predictable respiration rhythms. Our results show that people are more in-phase synchronized but less phase-locked when interacting bidirectionally versus unidirectionally (online), but there is no difference in synchronization during reciprocal interaction and when adapting unidirectionally (offline) to recordings of respiration signals that emerged during the reciprocal interaction. Moreover, the strength of synchronization is driven by the predictability of the respiration rhythms that emerge in the bidirectional interaction – specifically, the slowing of breathing rhythms and stability of breathing frequencies – rather than the online mutual adaptation itself. These results suggest that coordination is facilitated by the emergence of predictable breathing patterns, rather than reciprocity itself.
Mexican Migration to Canada: Temporary Worker Programs, Visa Imposition, and NAFTA Shape Flows
Authors: Van Haren Ian , Masferrer Claudia
Published: February 2022

This paper explores migration from Mexico to Canada, with careful attention to changes in the bilateral migration relationship over the last twenty years and how Mexican immigrants in Canada compare to other immigrants.
Socialization through violence: Exposure to neighborhood and police violence and the developmental trajectories of legitimacy beliefs among adolescents in São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Rodrigues , Jackson Jonathan , de Oliveira Renan Theodoro , Piccirillo Debora , Trinkner Rick
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Examine the legal socialization of adolescents aged 11 to 14 years in São Paulo, Brazil, a city characterized by a high prevalence of police violence and organized crime. Assess the extent to which exposure to neighborhood and police violence and aggression influence adolescents’ developmental trajectories of beliefs about the legitimacy of the law.Methods: A four-wave longitudinal survey of 2005-born adolescents living in São Paulo was fielded annually between 2016 and 2019 and measured respondents’ perceptions of legal legitimacy, exposures to neighborhood and police violence, and police contact. Adopting a life-course approach, developmental trajectories are estimated using quadratic latent growth curve models.Results: Witnessing police officers assaulting a suspect, being involuntarily stopped by the police, and seeing people selling drugs on the street are all negatively associated with changes in legal legitimacy beliefs. Exposure to gunshots, gun-carrying, or robberies are not associated with changes in legitimacy beliefs.Conclusions: Indicating that adolescents in São Paulo are socialized through violence, exposure to police violence and proximity to organized crime could undermine their development of legal legitimacy beliefs. Exposure to other episodes of neighborhood violence might be too frequent in this context and do not distinguish adolescents’ developmental trajectories of legitimacy beliefs.
Challenges to Diplomatic Efforts in Resolving Nepal-India Border Problems in the Himalayas: A Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA)
Authors: Bhattarai Gaurav
Published: February 2022

The Constitutional Provision on Nepal’s Foreign Policy has emphasized securing Nepal’s international borders. Nepal’s Foreign Policy-2077 also demands Nepal’s border to be kept intact by protecting international border points and resolving boundary issues via the means of peaceful diplomatic negotiations and dialogues, based on historic documents, treaties, agreements, facts and evidence. Despite the constitutional provision and foreign policy directives, Nepal’s border problems with its Southern neighbour remain unresolved. Despite having friendly bilateral relations, and cross-border civilizational linkages, Nepal-India relations are not free from border problems. Even during the pandemic, when both countries closed their borders to contain the spread of the coronavirus, they resorted to border confrontations taking the bilateral relations into the low ebb. This study examines the border problems between Nepal and India during the time of COVID-19 with a focus on Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura. Largely concentrated on identifying assorted challenges in resolving Nepal-India border problems, when Nepal faced India with its new map against the latter's new route to Mansarovar, Nepal’s self-help that is limited to diplomatic talks with India has been elaborated along with Indian and Chinese responses to Nepal’s new map and India’s opening of a new route to Mansarovar, respectively. By using Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) as a tool, this article discusses why diplomatic negotiations haven’t found a headway in the Nepal-India context, despite Nepal's repeated calls. It is a qualitative study that uses data from both primary and secondary sources that include government reports, historical documents, archives, statistics, and treaties. Media sources have also been reviewed to understand various issues of Nepal’s border problems with India. After the coding and familiarisation of the data, analysis and interpretation were done. Highlighting the interconnectedness of the Himalayan geopolitics and India’s securitization of the Himalayan frontier, the article concludes that Nepal’s diplomatic initiative on resolving the border problem has been impacted by power condensation in the Himalaya region and India’s lack of interest.
Post Disaster Agricultural Strategies for Food Sufficiency and Economic Resilience: Special Focus on Gorkha, Nepal in Relation to Barpak Earthquake, 2015
Authors: Pokhrel Suroj
Published: February 2022

Barpak earthquake 2015 (7.8 Richter scale) killed 8,800 people, injured thousands and made nearly 3.5 million homeless. It created food shortage and hardship on livelihood because of damaged agricultural infrastructures, loss of stored food, feed, seed, livestock and reduced crop yield. This research aims to find out post the disaster situation of food availability, consumption and food balance in Gorkha district, as well as to assure livelihoods support and economic resilience. Relevant literature was reviewed, and field verification and interactions were organized in different rural municipalities/municipalities in the year 2019. The study revealed that Gorkha has a high agricultural potential with a surplus production of cereals (49.7%), fruits (6.2%) and spices (175.7%). However, the surplus on cereals was only in Palungtar, Ajirkot, Arughat, Siranchok, Barpak Sulikot, Dharche and Gorkha municipalities (7491.3, 6000.1, 5946.6, 3424.9, 2699.8, 1255.2 and 707.3 t/year, respectively), but Chun Numbri, Bhimsen, Gandaki and Sahid Lakhan municipalities were in a deficit of 101, 661, 333 and 1799 t/year respectively. Moreover, the district was producing a negligible amount of fish, oilseed, ghee (animal) and honey but was in deficit in the production of vegetables (31.5%), potato (30.0%), milk (29.6%), egg (65.0%), meat (54.0%) and pulses (53.0%). In fact, the food surplus and deficit in different commodities varied in different municipalities with different degrees. It is thus suggested to adopt a municipality-wise, commercial-focused agriculture programme that includes potato/seed production in Chun Numbri (high hill), medicinal herbs in Dharche, maize in Barpak Sulikot, intercropping agroforestry of utis (Alnus nepalensis), timur (Zanthoxylum armatum), white sandalwood (Santalum album) with cardamom/tea/coffee in Ajirkot, goat production in Siranchok and Arughat, avocado in Bhimsen, citrus in Sahid Lakhan, organic vegetables in Gandaki and Gorkha and milk/fruit production in Palungtar. Finally, it is recommended to integrate all the development programmes, farmers’ welfare programmes, agro-tourism and resources to give synergy on food security and economic resilience of the earthquake victims in Gorkha district.
Reducing the plight of migrant workers affected by COVID-19
Authors: Khatiwada Padma Prasad
Published: February 2022

Since the start of the pandemic one and a half years ago, a precarious economic crisis has developed in the country due to the fluctuation in remittance, which had once contributed to nearly one-third of the total GDP. In the initial phase of the pandemic, around 1.5 million migrant workers were expected to return home by losing jobs in major destinations – India, the Middle East and Malaysia – which have over one-fifth of the total migrant workers abroad. On this backdrop, this paper highlights the situation of the Nepali migrant people in the destination during the time of the COVID-19 crisis. The paper utilises existing literature collected through various sources and explores possible areas of intervention. It aims to unpack the impact of the pandemic on migrant workers, remittance flows and the livelihoods of the migrant workers and their family members. The paper concludes that the rate of return may further upsurge depending upon the situation of the spread of the pandemic. The impact of the virus is not limited to a national economy. It is felt by every individual who has lost their jobs, their hopes of getting involved in new jobs and is left unattended by state authorities. Those involved in the informal sectors, particularly the women and those from marginalised communities, are left in a state in which they cannot feed their families and pay their rent due to the effect of lockdowns. To reduce the impact of the pandemic on migrant workers, both the government and non-government development partners must involve in the early recovery work aimed at generating information on the impact of COVID-19 and concentrating on the immediate priorities of those impacted. The priorities should be set based on the current living condition, by utilising best practices available and undertaking measures made up of the capsule of identification, awareness, organisation, putting the victims first and uncompromised monitoring for possible areas of intervention in local communities. These strategies should aim for reintegration by adopting the principle of informed choice of the workers.
Agricultural and Natural Resources Policies in Nepal: A Review of Formulation and Implementation Processes and Issues
Authors: Joshi Ganesh R. , Joshi Binaya
Published: February 2022

The government of Nepal has made efforts to formulate and implement the agricultural sector policies since the 1960s. It has formulated dozens of policies and strategies in agriculture, forestry, agro-forestry, climate change, land use, poverty alleviation, irrigation, etc. Some of the policies seem to be targeted to specific groups and communities (poverty alleviation policy), to different sectors and commodities (forest, agriculture, poultry, coffee, etc.), and address international and national concerns and priorities (climate change policy, agrobiodiversity). This study aims to review the implementation of the policy provisions of major agricultural and natural resources policies, explore possible causes for it and suggest measures to effectively implement policy provisions in the future. We have reviewed seven agriculture policies for their provision and implementation and identified some common features and inadequacies. Our recommendations for policy reform include the practice of wider consideration, inter-policy coherence, sufficient institutional framework, periodic policy evaluation, improved accountability, and consideration for national Interest.
राजनैतिक दल र राज्यको नीतिका विचको अन्तरसम्वन्धःसमस्या, चुनौति र समाधानका उपायहरु {The Interrelationship between Political Parties and State Policy: problems, Challenges and Solutions}
Authors: देवकोटा Devkota खिमलाल Khimlal
Published: February 2022

नेपालले हालसालै सामन्तवादी राजनीतिक प्रणालीबाट सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक प्रणालीमा फड्को मारेपछि राजनीतिक दलहरूको लागि राज्यका नीतिको प्रतिरोध गरेर होइन तिनलाई विस्तारित गरेर दलको उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने अवसर र बाध्यता समेत सिर्जना भएको छ । दल र राज्यका नीतिहरूबिचको सामञ्जस्य स्थायीत्व र विकासको लागि अति महŒवपूर्ण हुन्छ । यो लेखको उद्देश्य नेपालमा राजनीतिक दलका नीति र राज्यका नीति बिच सामञ्जस्यपूर्ण अन्तर्सम्बन्धको आवश्यकता, समस्या, चुनौतीको लेखाजोखा तथा समस्या समाधानका उपायहरू निक्र्योल गर्नु हो । यो लेखमा सार्वजनिक नीतिका केही सैद्धान्तिक पृष्ठभूमिसहित नेपालको समकालीन राजनीतिक परिवर्तनको पृष्ठभूमिमा राज्यको नीति अभिव्यक्त हुने संविधान र ऐन तथा दलहरूको नीति अभिव्यक्त हुने घोषणापत्र र सत्ताभित्र र बाहिर रहँदाको व्यवहार लगायत पाटाहरूमा रहेको अन्तराल र अन्तरविरोधको विश्लेषण गरी तिनका कारक तत्वको विवेचना तथा समाधानका तार्किक उपाय सुझाइएको छ । नेपालमा राजनीतिक दल र राज्यका नीति बिच स्थिरता र राजनीतिक विश्वसनीयतामाथि नै प्रश्न खडा हुने तहको अन्तराल रहेको देखिएको छ भने यसको समाधानको लागि राजनीतिक हैसियतको परिपालना, संस्कारजन्य व्यवहारमा परिवर्तन र संरचनागत सुधार गर्ने लगायतका सुझावहरू दिइएको छ ।
{Nepal's recent leap from a feudal political system to a federal democratic system has created opportunities and compulsions for political parties to achieve their objectives by expanding and not resisting state policy. Harmony between party and state policies is crucial for stability and development. The purpose of this article is to assess the need, problems and challenges of the harmonious interrelationship between and policies of the state and the policies of political parties and suggest solutions to the problems. I have presented the theoretical context of public policies and the context of contemporary political changes in Nepal. I have analyzed the gap and contradiction between the policy of the state as expressed in the constitution and relevant Acts, and the policies of political parties as represented in their manifestos, and also that between the behaviour of political parties when in power and the behaviour when out of power, identified the factors, and suggested logical solution to the problems. It is found that there are serious gaps between the policies of political parties and that of the state to the extent that it is undermining the stability and political credibility. Acceptance and adherence to the legitimate political status, change in cultural practices and structural reforms are among the suggested remedies of the problem.}
Hubungan Harga CPO, Nilai Kurs, dan IHSG selama Era Labelisasi Palm Oil Free
Authors: Sundoro Hary Saputra
Published: February 2022

Indonesia is the largest country in producing CPO of the world. CPO price should have relationship with Indonesia economy on to exchange rate and capital market. Moreover, Palm Oil Free policy has been released which is prohibit to consume CPO. This will certainly have an impact on the price of CPO which will later have a relationship with the exchange rate and the JCI.The research aims to determine the relationship between CPO prices, exchange rates and JCI during the Palm Oil Free period. The research method is VECM. The period is conducted during from January 2017 to June 2021. The result of the research is the CPO price and the exchange rate have a positive relationship. Then, JCI and the CPO price have a negative relationship and the relationship between the exchange rate and the JCI is positive during the Palm Oil Free era. The implication shows that the government must be able to control the price of CPO considering that this variable can be related to other macroeconomic fundamentals such as the exchange rate and capital market index. Keywords: CPO Price; Exchange Rate; JCI