bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex-Based Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Strength Training Performance and Body Composition
Authors: Muscella Antonella , Felline Maurizio , Marsigliante Santo
Published: October 2024

Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are widely studied for their effects on muscle recovery and performance. Aims: This study examined the effects of BCAA supplementation on anthropometric data, physical performance, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue in recreational weightlifters. Methods: The trial involved 100 participants (50 men and 50 women), randomized into BCAA and placebo groups. Subjects in the BCAA group took five daily capsules of 500 mg L-leucine, 250 mg L-isoleucine, and 250 mg L-valine for six months. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the main and interaction effects of sex and treatment. Results: Notable findings include significant improvements in muscle recovery, as indicated by reduced DOMS, particularly in women who showed a decrement of 18.1 ± 9.4 mm compared to 0.8 ± 1.2 mm in the placebo group of a horizontal 100 mm line. Fatigue perception was also significantly lower in the BCAA group, with women reporting a greater decrease (2.6 ± 1.5 scores) compared to the placebo group (0.6 ± 0.7 scores). Strength gains were prominent, especially in men, with a 10% increase in bench press maximum observed in the BCAA group. The interaction between sex and treatment was significant, suggesting sex-specific responses to BCAA supplementation. Conclusions: These results underscore the effectiveness of BCAA supplementation in enhancing muscle recovery, reducing fatigue, and improving strength. This study also highlights sex-specific responses, with women benefiting more in terms of DOMS and fatigue reduction, while men experienced greater strength gains, suggesting a need for tailored supplementation strategies.
Anaerobic Sport-Specific Tests for Taekwondo: A Narrative Review with Guidelines for the Assessment
Authors: Apollaro Gennaro , Ouergui Ibrahim , Rodríguez Yarisel Quiñones , Kons Rafael L. , Detanico Daniele , Franchini Emerson , Ruggeri Piero , Falcó Coral , Faelli Emanuela
Published: October 2024

The ATP-PCr system represents the main source of energy during high-intensity attack actions in taekwondo matches. In contrast, the glycolytic system supports the maintenance of these actions when repeated techniques are performed. Given the close relationship between anaerobic energy systems and attack activity in combat, the literature relating to the use of sport-specific test protocols for anaerobic assessment has experienced a remarkable increase. This narrative review aims to illustrate the sport-specific anaerobic tests available in taekwondo by retracing and examining development and validation process for each test. Forty-one articles published between 2014 and 2023 were selected via the MEDLINE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases. These tests are the Taekwondo Anaerobic Test and Adapted Anaerobic Kick Test (i.e., continuous mode testing); the 10 s and multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Tests; the chest and head Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Tests; and the Taekwondo-Specific Aerobic–Anaerobic–Agility test (i.e., intermittent mode testing). Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals can use all the tests described in taekwondo gyms as they feature short and easy-to-implement protocols for monitoring and prescribing specific anaerobic training. The guidelines in this review evaluate each test from several perspectives: basic (e.g., validity, reliability, and sensitivity), methodological (e.g., continuous or intermittent mode testing) and application (e.g., time–motion structure and performance parameters). This comprehensive approach aims to assist stakeholders in selecting the most appropriate test.
A Note on the Infinitesimal Bending of a Rectifying Curve
Authors: Broscăţeanu Ştefan-Cezar , Mihai Adela , Olteanu Andreea
Published: October 2024

Both notions, of an infinitesimal bending of a curve and of a rectifying curve, play important roles in the theory of curves. In this short note, we begin the study of the infinitesimal bending of a rectifying curve.
Statistical Analysis and Several Estimation Methods of New Alpha Power-Transformed Pareto Model with Applications in Insurance
Authors: Alsolmi Meshayil M. , Almulhim Fatimah A. , Amine Meraou Mohammed , Aljohani Hassan M. , Alrumayh Amani , Belouadah Fateh
Published: October 2024

This article defines a new distribution using a novel alpha power-transformed method extension. The model obtained has three parameters and is quite effective in modeling skewed, complex, symmetric, and asymmetric datasets. The new approach has one additional parameter for the model. Certain distributional and mathematical properties are investigated, notably reliability, quartile, moments, skewness, kurtosis, and order statistics, and several approaches of estimation, notably the maximum likelihood, least square, weighted least square, maximum product spacing, Cramer-Von Mises, and Anderson Darling estimators of the model parameters were obtained. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques of estimation of the model parameters. The actuarial measures are computed for our recommended model. At the end of the paper, two insurance applications are illustrated to check the potential and utility of the suggested distribution. Evaluation using four selection criteria indicates that our recommended model is the most appropriate probability model for modeling insurance datasets.
Exponential Random Graph Model Perspective: Formation and Evolution of a Collaborative Innovation Network in China’s New Energy Vehicle Industry
Authors: Song Mengxing , Guo Lingling , Shen Jianwei
Published: October 2024

In light of the crucial role of collaborative R&D in advancing technology within the new energy vehicle industry, this study seeks to explore ways to overcome the barriers to technological innovation by establishing an effective collaborative innovation network. Utilizing joint patent-authorized data from China’s new energy vehicles between 2005 and 2019, the collaborative innovation network was developed, and the Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) was employed to analyze its formation and evolution mechanisms. The results indicate that the network has undergone significant expansion, closely linked to strong national policy support and the active involvement of innovation participants. The network exhibits effects of expansion, transfer, and closure. External attribute analysis revealed the Matthew effect and geographical compatibility effect and found that organizational compatibility tends to foster complementary cooperation. The findings offer insights into optimizing collaborative innovation networks in the NEVs industry and suggest strategies for policymakers and industry players to promote collaborative innovation.
Identifying the Determinants of Academic Success: A Machine Learning Approach in Spanish Higher Education
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Ana María , Mello-Román Jorge Daniel , Segura Marina , Hernández Adolfo
Published: October 2024

Academic performance plays a key role in assessing the quality and equity of a country’s educational system. Studying the aspects or factors that influence university academic performance is an important research opportunity. This article synthesizes research that employs machine learning techniques to identify the determinants of academic performance in first-year university students. A total of 8700 records from the Complutense University of Madrid corresponding to all incoming students in the academic year 2022–2023 have been analyzed, for which information was available on 28 variables related to university access, academic performance corresponding to the first year, and socioeconomic characteristics. The methodology included feature selection using Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to identify the main predictors of academic performance and avoid overfitting in the models, followed by analysis with four different machine learning techniques: Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost. The models showed similar predictive performance, also highlighting the coincidence in the predictors of academic performance both at the end of the first semester and at the end of the first academic year. Our analysis detects the influence of variables that had not appeared in the literature before, the admission option and the number of enrolled credits. This study contributes to understanding the factors that impact academic performance, providing key information for implementing educational policies aimed at achieving excellence in university education. This includes, for example, peer tutoring and mentoring where high- and low-performing students could participate.
Risk Assessment of Employing Digital Robots in Process Automation
Authors: Dogan Onur , Arslan Ozlem , Cengiz Tirpan Esra , Cebi Selcuk
Published: October 2024

Using digital technologies is essential to gain a competitive advantage in the global market by adapting to new business models. While digital technologies make business processes efficient, they enable companies to make faster and more accurate decisions by automating daily and routine process tasks. Robotic process automation (RPA) automates routine and repetitive business processes, allowing many jobs performed by humans to be performed faster. This way, advantages such as reduced error rates, reduced costs, increased production speed, and labor productivity are provided. For the successful implementation of RPA, potential risks need to be considered. In this study, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) based on decomposed fuzzy sets (DFSs), a new extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, has been used to evaluate subjectiveness in expert judgments. Differing from the other extensions of fuzzy set theory, the advantage of DFSs is to simultaneously consider decision-makers’ optimistic and pessimistic answers. Thus, the answer given by the decision-maker to the positive and negative questions on the same subject defines the indeterminacy of the decision-maker, and the method takes this indeterminacy into account in the evaluation. This study assesses and evaluates the potential risks of six digital robots in process automation. Thirteen risks were individually assessed for each automated process. This study found “Sustainability challenge” critical in three processes, “Absence of governance management” in two, and “Security“ in one. Variability in risk importance arose from process vulnerabilities.
Integrating Humanising Aspects into Urban Design: A Comprehensive Framework for Enhancing Quality of Life in Jeddah City
Authors: Refaat Ahmed Mohamed , Ghazoliy Shahad , El Samaty Hosam Salah , Waseef Ahmed Abd Elaziz
Published: October 2024

“Humanising cities” is a significant topic in recent urban discussions, driven by diverse applications among urban managers and decision-makers. The Saudi Arabia initiative, through a quality-of-life programme, exemplifies efforts to integrate humanising aspects into urban projects. This study develops a structured multidimensional framework linking humanising aspects with quality-of-life indicators. Its significance is verified through the literature and a descriptive survey method in Jeddah’s neighbourhoods, considering residents’ preferences. This framework incorporates physical, social, environmental, and mobility indicators in the design of open spaces, prioritised based on user preferences. The framework offers significant potential to revitalise vacant neighbourhoods resulting from recent demolitions in Jeddah, restore the humanising aspects, improve the quality of life, and mitigate traffic congestion in northern areas through the “environmental” and “physical” indicators that share the highest priority based on the core findings of this research. Moreover, demographic factors, particularly age and education, significantly influence users’ preferences in humanising urban spaces.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Influenza Vaccine among Guangzhou Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Lu Jianyun , He Qing , Ma Yu , Wu Keyi , Chen Haowen , Ma Xiaowei , Wu Xianbo
Published: October 2024

Background: Influenza vaccination is an important prevention strategy for flu illness. However, the vaccination rate is still low in Guangzhou, China. This study aimed to understand the status of knowledge, the attitude towards the vaccines’ reliability and safety, and other aspects associated with the willingness and practice of influenza vaccines in the pediatric and adult populations of Guangzhou city. Methods: This study was performed in eleven districts in Guangzhou between November 2020 and December 2020, including the Yuexiu, Liwan, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, Panyu, Huadu, Nansha, Huangpu, Zengcheng, and Conghua districts. The parents of children and teenagers under the age of eighteen in Guangzhou were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires in four domains: demographic information, the knowledge status and perception of influenza vaccination, the willingness and attitude towards influenza vaccination, and previous vaccine uptake. A multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the possible determinants of willingness and practice to receive influenza vaccination, calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: A total of 13,213 valid questionnaires were collected (validity rate 98.8%). Out of these participants, 42.62% (5631 participants) expressed a willingness to receive the influenza vaccine, while 55.40% (7320 participants) reported that their children and teenagers had been vaccinated against the flu. Furthermore, 40.44% of the respondents (5343 participants) or other family members had received the influenza vaccine. Logistic regression indicated that factors such as being female (OR = 1.395, 95% CI: 1.278–1.522), being involved in the work of COVID-19 prevention and control (1.551, 1.396–1.724), affirming the preventive effects of vaccination (2.474, 2.106–2.906), knowing about annual influenza vaccination (2.756, 2.540–2.992), and understanding prioritized influenza vaccination populations (1.464, 1.343–1.596) were all positively associated with vaccination willingness. Conversely, middle-aged persons (aged 40–49 years old) (0.726, 0.617–0.853), higher educational levels (undergraduate versus middle school) (0.858, 0.768–0.959), heightened concerns about vaccine safety (considering side effects are obvious versus considering it is safe and basically no side effects) (0.284, 0.188–0.429) and lower knowledge scores (0.813, 0.701–0.942) were adversely linked with vaccination willingness. Conclusion: These findings provide essential insights for altering the perception of influence and influenza vaccination, as well as enhancing health communication strategies to improve influenza vaccine uptake among Guangzhou residents.
Evaluation of a Low-Temperature Immersion Immunization Strategy for the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus orf037l Gene-Deleted Attenuated Vaccine
Authors: Pan Weiqiang , Fu Jiajie , Zeng Ruoyun , Liang Mingcong , You Yanlin , Zhan Zhipeng , Lu Zhoutao , Weng Shaoping , Guo Changjun , He Jianguo
Published: October 2024

Background: Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) poses a significant threat to aquaculture sustainability, particularly affecting mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and causing significant economic losses. Methods: To address this challenge, this study developed an ISKNV Δorf037l vaccine strain, where the orf037l gene was knocked out. Infection assays conducted at 28 °C showed that the knocking out the orf037l gene decreased the virulence of ISKNV and reduced lethality against mandarin fish by 26.7% compared to wild-type ISKNV. To further diminish residual virulence, the effect of low-temperature (22 °C) immersion immunization was evaluated. Results: The results indicate that low temperature significantly diminished the virulence of the Δorf037l vaccine strain, elevating the survival rate of mandarin fish to 90%. Furthermore, the vaccine strain effectively triggered the expression of crucial immune-related genes, such as IFN-h, IL-1, IκB, Mx, TNF-α, and Viperin, while inducing the production of specific neutralizing antibodies. Low-temperature immersion with Δorf037l achieved a high relative percentage of survival of 92.6% (n = 30) in mandarin fish, suggesting the potential of Δorf037l as a promising immersion vaccine candidate. Conclusions: These findings contribute to advancing fish immersion vaccine development and demonstrate the importance and broad applicability of temperature optimization strategies in vaccine development. Our work carries profound implications for both the theoretical understanding and practical application in aquaculture disease control.
Evaluation of Anogenital Distance and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Plasmatic Concentration as Potential Phenotypes to Predict Reproductive Performance in Holstein Heifers
Authors: Vidal Lucía , Álvarez Jacobo , Yáñez Uxía , Caínzos Juan , Muíño Rodrigo , Becerra Juan J. , Peña Ana I. , Quintela Luis A. , Herradón Pedro G.
Published: October 2024

Anogenital distance (AGD) is a marker of the degree of prenatal exposure to androgens in multiple species, and it has been suggested that there is an inverse association between AGD and fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of AGD and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, an indirect marker of the follicular population, as predictors of future reproductive potential in Holstein cattle. The AGD was measured in 566 females from 9 dairy farms in Galicia (Spain). A group of 172 females underwent a second measurement 9 months after. Additionally, data on the age at first insemination (1stAI age), number of AI (AI-PREG), age at first pregnancy (1stPREG age), age at first calving (1stCAL age), and calving–pregnancy (CAL-PREG) and calving–calving (CAL-CAL) intervals were collected. Blood samples were collected from 80 heifers to determine AMH concentrations. Our results showed that AGD varied minimally with age, and that cows with short AGD had earlier 1stAI age, 1stPREG age, and 1stCAL age (p < 0.05) than cows with long AGD. No significant differences were observed for the CAL-PREG and CAL-CAL intervals. Additionally, no significant association was found between AMH concentration and AGD or reproductive parameters. Consequently, the results suggest the possibility of using AGD as a marker of future reproductive performance in Holstein heifers. However, there was insufficient evidence to associate AMH concentrations and reproductive performance, underlining the need for further studies with larger sample sizes.
Infectious Agents Associated with Abortion Outbreaks in Italian Pig Farms from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Donneschi Anna , Recchia Matteo , Romeo Claudia , Pozzi Paolo , Salogni Cristian , Maisano Antonio Marco , Santucci Giovanni , Scali Federico , Faccini Silvia , Boniotti Maria Beatrice , D’Incau Mario , Maes Dominiek , Alborali Giovanni Loris
Published: October 2024

The present study retrospectively analyzed the infectious agents associated with 829 abortion outbreaks occurring from 2011 to 2021 in northern Italy. Foetuses were subjected to necropsies, and organ samples were analyzed by direct PCR to screen for six swine pathogens. In 42.0% of the examined outbreaks, at least one infectious agent was found. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (24.9%) and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) (11.5%) were the most frequently detected among the known abortion-inducing pathogens. Chlamydia spp. (5.6%), porcine parvovirus (PPV) (4.0%), and Leptospira spp. (2.6%) were less common. Although its role in swine reproductive disorders is still unclear, PCV3 was detected in 19.6% of the cases. Coinfections were detected in 25.0% of positive outbreaks, and the most frequent coinfection was represented by PRRSV and PCV2 (32.2%), followed by PRRSV and PCV3 (23%). PCV2 prevalence showed a slight but consistent reduction during the study period, while PCV3 increased in frequency. Our data suggest an overall reduction in abortion outbreaks during the study period. PRRSV was confirmed as the main abortion agent detected in the examined area, while PCV2 prevalence showed a decline. Conversely, PCV3 detection has been increasing, supporting its potential role as an abortion agent. Our results highlight the importance of implementing a consistent and standardized sampling procedure, as well as a thorough diagnostic protocol, to reduce the incidence of inconclusive diagnoses.
The Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Fatty Acids Profile in Romanian Spotted Cows with Placental Retention
Authors: Andrei Sanda , Rafa Horațiu , Oroian Ioan , Cozma Oana Maria , Morohoschi Andreea Georgiana , Dumitraș Daria Antonia , Dulf Francisc , Ștefănuț Cristina Laura
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in cattle negatively impact reproduction, calving intervals, and health. This study examined OS markers and fatty acid profiles in Romanian Spotted cattle, comparing cows with normal parturition to those with RFM. Over 9 weeks, serum samples were collected from 22 cows (7 with RFM, 15 normal) at intervals before and after parturition. Placental tissues were also analyzed. The aim was to identify OS biomarkers that predict RFMs, track changes over time, and assess their impact on the placental fatty acid profile. (2) Methods: Samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Placental fatty acids were profiled using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. (3) Results: SOD and CAT activities increased in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) before parturition (SOD: p < 0.001, RFM 404.601 ± 20.941 vs. NP 339.101 ± 44.911; CAT: p < 0.01, RFM 121.132 ± 14.831 vs. NP 96.070 ± 2.397), indicating OS. However, significant decreases during labor suggested weakened antioxidant defenses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) peaked during parturition in RFM cows (p < 0.0001, 38.780 ± 3.727 vs. 11.150 ± 1.555), signaling heightened stress. Additionally, MDA levels increased before parturition (p < 0.001, RFM 8.424 ± 1.894 vs. NP 3.807 ± 0.484), confirming lipid peroxidation. RFM cows also exhibited higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower monounsaturated fatty acids, pointing to metabolic stress. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the role of OS and fatty acid imbalances in RFMs, suggesting potential strategies to improve reproductive outcomes by managing OS.
Partial Sequence Analysis of Commercial Peste des Petits Ruminants Vaccines Produced in Africa
Authors: Barry Boubacar , Tessema Yebechaye , Gelaw Hassen , Boukary Cisse Rahamatou Moustapha , Dieu Baziki Jean de , Gelagay Melesse Ayelet , Chitsungo Ethel , Sanga Richard Rayson , Oladosu Gbolahanmi Akinola , Nwankpa Nick , Bodjo S. Charles
Published: October 2024

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), which is the only member of the Morbillivirus caprinae species and belongs to the genus Morbillivirus within the Paramyxoviridae family, causes the highly contagious viral sickness “Peste des petits ruminants (PPR).” PPR is of serious economic significance for small ruminant production, particularly in Africa. Control of this critical disease depends highly on successful vaccination against the PPRV. An in-depth understanding of the genetic evolution of the live-attenuated PPR vaccine Nigeria 75/1 strain used in Africa is essential for the successful eradication of this disease by 2030. Therefore, this study investigated the possible genetic evolution of the PPR vaccine produced by various African laboratories compared with the master seed available at AU-PANVAC. RT-PCR was performed to amplify a segment of the hypervariable C-terminal part of the nucleoprotein (N) from commercial batches of PPR vaccine Nigeria 75/1 strain. The sequences were analyzed, and 100% nucleotide sequence identity was observed between the master seed and vaccines produced. The results of this study indicate the genetic stability of the PPR vaccine from the Nigeria 75/1 strain over decades and that the vaccine production process used by different manufacturers did not contribute to the emergence of mutations in the vaccine strain.
The Control Strategies for Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles in the Vehicle–Grid Interaction Modes
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Jihui , Li Xin , Chen Shenhui , Ma Jinhao , Han Honglin
Published: October 2024

In response to the challenges posed by large-scale, uncoordinated electric vehicle charging on the power grid, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has been developed. This technology seeks to synchronize electric vehicles with the power grid, improving the stability of their connections and fostering positive energy exchanges between them. The key component for implementing V2G technology is the bidirectional AC/DC converter. This study concentrates on the non-isolated bidirectional AC/DC converter, providing a detailed analysis of its two-stage operation and creating a mathematical model. A dual closed-loop control structure for voltage and current is designed based on nonlinear control theory, along with a constant current charge–discharge control strategy. Furthermore, midpoint potential balance is achieved through zero-sequence voltage injection control, and power signals for the switching devices are generated using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technology. A simulation model of the V2G system is then constructed in MATLAB/Simulink for analysis and validation. The findings demonstrate that the control strategy proposed in this paper improves the system’s robustness, dynamic performance, and resistance to interference, thus reducing the effects of large-scale, uncoordinated electric vehicle charging on the power grid.
Effects of Rearing Temperature on Growth and Survival of Blackthroat Seaperch, Doederleinia berycoides (Hilgendorf, 1879), Post-Flexion Larvae and Juveniles
Authors:   Fisheries Research Institute, Toyama Prefectural Agricultural Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, 364, Takatsuka, Namerikawa, Toyama, 936-8536, Japan, FUKUNISHI YUICHI
Published: October 2024

In post-flexion larval and juvenile stages of hatchery-reared blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides (Hilgendorf, 1879), the influence of water temperature on growth and survival was examined to identify the optimal rearing temperatures. Temperature treatments were conducted separately for pelagic post-flexion larvae (32 days post hatching [dph]) and settled juveniles (69 dph). Fish were transferred to four replicate 30 L tanks (30 larvae or 15 juveniles per tank) and reared for 15 days under five temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22 and 25 °C) maintained by using heaters and coolers. The mean survival rates (± SD) of post-flexion larvae were high (>73 %) for all temperatures (13 °C: 73.3 ± 6.9 %, 16 °C: 76.7 ± 6.8 %, 19 °C: 80.8 ± 10.7 %, 22 °C: 79.2.7 ± 2.8 %, 25 °C: 71.7 ± 4.4 %). Growth increased at higher temperatures and was significantly faster at 22 and 25 °C (P < 0.05) than lower temperatures. For juveniles, mean survival rates were significantly higher at 16–25 °C (>90%: 16 °C: 91.7 ± 1.7 %, 19 °C: 95.0 ± 3.2 %, 22 °C: 91.7 ± 1.7 %, 25 °C: 91.7 ± 5.0 %) than at 13 °C (71.7 ± 7.9 %) (P < 0.05). Juvenile growth, like that of post-flexion larvae, was faster at 22 and 25 °C. These results suggest that maintaining a high rearing temperature (22–25 °C) is important for enhancing the growth for post-flexion larvae and juveniles of blackthroat seaperch and reducing the rearing period to the size of release seedlings.
REVEALING THE FERTILITY STATUS OF KHANEWAL DISTRICT’S LANDS THROUGH GIS-BASED STUDY
Authors: Mubashir Muhammad , Mubashir Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Bibi Fatima , Rehman Saeed ur , Murtaza Ghulam , Farooq Muhammad Rashid , Khalid Muhammad , Nazar Muhammad Zahid khan , Zulqadar Syed Ali , Ain Qurrat-ul- , Parveen Nazia
Published: October 2024

A rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization and population growth requires expansion of agricultural area for food security and raise the importance of soil health assessment to ensure protection and sustainable use of agricultural lands according to their potential. For this purpose, use of digital soil mapping for the analysis of key physicochemical characteristics has been widely used. The GIS enabled the mapping of extensive areas. The purpose of this study is the spatial analysis of soil fertility indicators i.e., soil reaction (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), micro-macro {Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B)} nutrients in Khanewal districts using GIS-approaches. The result of study shows that soil pH and EC are normal for crop production while almost 95% of samples show low OM, 100% have low available phosphorous content, 33.3% have low K content, 71% have low Fe and 83% have low B content. Therefore, it was recommended that, to continuously incorporate farmyard manure, green manure, and crop residues into the soil over an extended period to address the organic matter deficiency. P, K, Fe and B deficient area should be fertilized with variable rate of respective fertilizer and soil should be periodically tested. It was recommended that the central parts of Khanewal district lands are cultivable as compared to boarder areas.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILES OF BACTERIA FROM SPOILED FRUITS IN RAWALAKOT DISTRICT POONCH, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Authors: Qayyum Nayab , Aziz Fauzia , Ahmed Raees , Younas Muhammad Tahir , Zafar Urooj , Mahmood Laiba , Barkat Uzma , Qayyum Hassam , Najeeb Muhammad , . Nasrullah , Javied Sabahat
Published: October 2024

Fruits play a vital role in human diet by providing essential growth factors such as vitamins and minerals in daily diet which help to live healthy life. Bacteria are important factor for spoilage of fruits. Bacterial degradation first causes softening of tissues as pectin are degraded and the whole fruit may eventually degenerate into a slimy mass. Spoilage refers to any change in fruit condition in which fruit become unacceptable or undesirable for human use. Therefore present study was conducted at Rawalakot, District Pooch AJK, to identify the bacteria (E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) from spoiled fruit samples as well as to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these isolated bacteria using antibiotic disc diffusion method. For this purpose a total of 100 spoiled fruit samples (50 samples of spoiled apple and 50 samples of spoiled banana) were randomly collected from different locations of Rawalakot including Kharick, Kasaigali, D. Chowk, Nala Bazar and Supply Bazar by random sampling technique. Results of the study showed that out of 50 samples of Banana 25(50%) samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 25(50%) were positive for E. coli. While among 50 samples of Apple 25(50%) were positive for E. coli and 25(50%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus respectively. For antimicrobial susceptibility test disc diffusion method was followed. S. aureus from apple samples the highest resistance was observed for Sulphamethox 25(100%) and Cefoxtin 25(100%) while for banana the highest %age was recorded for Amoxicillin 25(100%) and Sulphamethox 25(100%) respectively. E. coli  from apple samples strains were highly resistant to Erythromycin 22(88%), while for banana the highest percentage was recorded for Amoxicillin 23(92%) and Erythromycin 20(80%).
Project Monitoring Based on View of All Project Partners At Digital Project Management Platforms
Authors: İnaç Hakan , Saltık Ege Cem
Published: October 2024

In the dynamic landscape of digital project management, effective project monitoring is critical for successful project outcomes. The emergence of digital project management platforms has revolutionized the way projects are monitored, enabling real-time collaboration and data-driven decision-making. Periodic site visits and gathering input from all project stakeholders are crucial for ensuring clear understanding of project progress by states institutional. With digital project management systems, on-site progress should be monitored in real-time and inclusive of all project stakeholders. The research investigates how collaborative monitoring fosters project progress of transparency and active engagement among project partners. By providing real-time visibility into project progress, tasks, and milestones, these platforms empower stakeholders with up-to-date information, enabling agile decision-making and prompt risk mitigation. This study explores how digital project management platforms integrate site monitoring evaluations and reporting tools, providing valuable data-driven insights into project performance. By considering periodic analytics, project partners can improve resource allocation, decision making process against possible bottlenecks at construction stages and boost productivity and inform states institutional to monitor project progress closely. Furthermore, the research examines the influence of these platforms on communication dynamics, promoting communication and efficient information exchange among project partners. Such enhanced communication capabilities result in improved team cohesion and collaboration, driving the project forward with synchronized efforts. In this study, the focus lies on tracking the progress of contractual agreements through digital platforms, enabling all stakeholders to monitor advancements. Specifically, the investigation centers on how the designated contractor responsible for project execution and the consulting firm appointed by the project owner can effectively track project progress on a periodic basis using digital platforms. In the context of transportation projects in Türkiye, a digital project tracking system has been developed for the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, through which data obtained from on-site visits and consultant opinions regarding project advancements are shared with the Ministry. Subsequently, the responsible contracting authority, guided by the consultant's feedback, can respond and evaluate progress accordingly. This approach ensures that project advancements are accurately monitored by all stakeholders of the project. To do so, this study investigates the utilization of the prepared digital platform to facilitate rapid and precise contract monitoring by all project stakeholders, encompassing the opening information and assessment evaluations based on stakeholders' perspectives.
Bellevalia pseudolongipes Plant: Comprehensive Analysis of the Elemental Composition and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents
Authors: Yolbaş İdris
Published: October 2024

Bellevalia pseudolongipes is a recently described plant species, whose mineral and biochemical composition have not yet been reported. Thus, this study examined the mineral composition and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the B. pseudolongipes plant. Elemental analysis revealed that the plant contained high levels of calcium (22379.556 ± 025 ppm) and potassium (19721.157 ± 005 ppm). Phenolic compound analysis demonstrated a high total phenolic content (0.24 ± 0.004 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample), thus highlighting the antioxidant capacity of the plant. Additionally, the assessment of flavonoid content (0.043 ± 0.001 mg catechin equivalent/100 g sample) indicated the potential use of the B. pseudolongipes plant as a source of antioxidants. These findings underscore the value of B. pseudolongipes as a natural resource that is rich in antioxidant, mineral, and phenolic content, while also providing a crucial foundation for researchers interested in exploring its pharmacological, medical, and industrial potential. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the biological and health values of plants, thereby providing a useful tool for the development of products that are derived from natural sources and innovative solutions that contribute to human health.
Устойчивость структуры городской дорожной сети к явлениям чрезвычайного характера
Authors: Бабёнышев С.В. , Матеров Е.Н. , Малютин О.С.
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируются методы определения оценки уязвимых особенностей городской структуры по отношению к явлениям чрезвычайного характера.1. Используя сетевую топологию городской структуры транспортной сети, вводится функция достижимости, на основе которой даются методы оценки достижимости зданий и сооружений из пожарных подразделений. 2. На основе понятия центральности графа дорожной сети предложена оценка наиболее уязвимым элементам дорожной сети с точки зрения влияния сбоев (например, землетрясений, наводнений, террористических атак) этих элементов на дорожную сеть. При прочих равных условия, сети с более высокой связностью, меньшим количеством узлов и меньшей степенью центральности менее уязвимы к последствиям разрушения. 3. Учитывая цифровую модель рельефа местности, дается аналитическая оценка городской инфраструктуры, наиболее уязвимой для паводков. Используя информацию, касающуюся цифровой модели рельефа местности и расстояния от береговой линии до объектов, можно построить модель для кластеризации при районировании рисков затопления на основе алгоритмов машинного обучения. В работе проанализировано несколько крупных городов Российской Федерации.

The article analyses the methods of determining the assessment of vulnerable features of the urban structure in relation to the phenomena of emergency character. 1. Using the network topology of the urban structure of the transport network, we define a reachability function is introduced, on the basis of which methods of estimating the reachability of buildings and structures from fire departments. 2. Based on the concept of centrality of the road network graph, an assessment of the most vulnerable elements of the road network, we propose in terms of the impact of failures (e.g., earthquakes, floods, terrorist attacks) of these elements on the road network. Other things being equal, networks with higher connectivity, fewer nodes and lower centrality are less vulnerable to the effects of disruption. 3. Given a digital elevation model, we provide an analytical assessment of the urban infrastructure most vulnerable to floods. Using the information concerning the digital elevation model and the distance from the shoreline to the objects, we built a model for clustering in flood risk zoning based on machine learning algorithms. We analyze s in this paper several large cities of the Russian Federation.
Метод расчёта эффективной ширины, полосы поиска уклоняющихся судов на основе текущей информации
Authors: Колеров Д.А. , Куватов В.И.
Published: October 2024

Актуализируются проблемы увеличения числа маломерных судов на внутренних водоёмах РФ и количества аварий, связанными с их участием. Предлагается один из возможных вариантов решения, за счёт патрулирования акватории и выявления нарушений требований эксплуатации таких судов, а также правил навигации. В виду ограниченности числа патрульных судов и высокой занятости сотрудников Государственной инспекции по маломерным судам (ГИМС) данному направлению уделяется недостаточно внимания. Для повышения эффективности патрулирования акваторий, с учётом ограничения имеющихся ресурсов требуется разработка соответствующих моделей и методов. Описан метод расчёта эффективной ширины полосы поиска уклоняющихся судов, на основе текущей информации, разработанный для сотрудников ГИМС, осуществляющих патрулирование акватории. Применение метода может быть осуществлено для решения ряда других задач, связанных с поиском уклоняющихся судов, то есть плавсредств, которые стремятся скрыться из зоны видимости представителей закона. К примеру, для поиска браконьеров на водоемах РФ. В рамках дальнейших исследований планируется разработка специального программного обеспечения для осуществления поддержки принятия управленческих решений сотрудниками ГИМС при патрулировании акватории.

The problems of increasing the number of small vessels on inland waters of the Russian Federation and the number of accidents associated with their participation are becoming more pressing. One of the possible solutions is proposed by patrolling the water area and identifying violations of the operating requirements of such vessels, as well as navigation rules. Due to the limited number of patrol vessels and the high employment of employees of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels (GIMS), insufficient attention is paid to this area. To increase the efficiency of patrolling water areas, taking into account the limitations of available resources, the development of appropriate models and methods is required. A method is described for calculating the effective width of the search lane for evading vessels, based on current information, developed for GIMS employees patrolling the water area. The method can be used to solve a number of other problems related to the search for evading vessels, that is, watercraft that try to hide from the visibility of representatives of the law. For example, to search for poachers in Russian water bodies. As part of further research, it is planned to develop special software to support management decisions by GIMS employees when patrolling the water area.
Расчетно-экспериментальное определение фактических значений максимальной пропускной способности напорных пожарных рукавов 20-метровой длины с различными диаметрами условного прохода
Authors: Куртов С.О. , Малый В.П. , Коваль Ю.Н.
Published: October 2024

В настоящей работе приведены материалы, связанные с расчетно-экспериментальным определением максимальной пропускной способности различных рукавов пожарных напорных, используемых для перекачки воды из АЦ, обеспечивающих подвоз воды – в головную АЦ. Полученные результаты предполагается использовать в практической и учебной деятельности для составления работоспособных и эффективных насосно-рукавных систем, в том числе для корректировки (совершенствования) существующей методики расчета необходимого количества пожарных автомобилей для организации бесперебойной подачи воды к месту тушения пожара способом подвоза.

This paper presents materials related to the design and experimental determination of the maximum capacity of various fire pressure hoses used for pumping water from ACs providing water supply to the head AC. The obtained results are supposed to be used in practical and educational activities for the preparation of workable and effective pumping-hose systems, including the adjustment (improvement) of the existing methodology for calculating the required number of fire trucks to organize an uninterrupted supply of water to the place of fire extinguishing by means of delivery.
Информационная поддержка управления пожарными рисками сельских территорий
Authors: Ничепорчук В.В. , Кобыжакова C.В.
Published: October 2024

Разработана структура информационных ресурсов для решения задачи повышения защищённости сельских и пригородных территорий от пожаров, включая планирование, обоснование и контроль мероприятий по выполнению требований пожарной безопасности в Российской Федерации. Для использования формализованных данных в процессах информационной поддержки формирования решений приведено краткое описание организационной модели управления. Совместное использование структурированных данных и сервисов интеллектуальной обработки позволит повысить эффективность функционирования органов управления в сфере обеспечения безопасности.

In this paper we suggest a new solution to the problem of increasing the protection for rural and suburban areas from fires is based on structuring information resources. This allows for effective planning, justification and control of activities to comply with fire safety requirements. The organizational management model shows the use of formalized data for information support of decision making. The joint use of structured data and intelligent processing services will improve the efficiency of governing for the territorial safety.
Применение рентгеноструктурного анализа при исследовании окалины стальных горячекатанных объектов в пожарно-технической экспертизе
Authors: Талай И.Я. , Кабакова Е.С. , Долгушина Л.В. , Горбунов А.С.П.
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрены вопросы влияния температурного воздействия на изменение состава окалины. Методом рентгеноструктурного анализа изучен состав окалины, полученной под влиянием температур различной длительности на стальные горячекатанные объекты. В ходе исследования использовались листы углеродистой стали марки Ст3. Выявлено, что при температурном воздействии на горячекатанные стальные объекты в зависимости от длительности нагревания толщина окалины и содержание в ней вустита увеличивается пропорционально увеличению времени воздействия и температуры. Показано, что при нагревании объекта до температуры 800ᵒС идет плавное увеличение толщины окалины до 0,05 мм, затем при температуре 850ᵒС идет резкое увеличение толщины окалины в 2 раза во всех временных промежутках исследования. Далее до температуры 950ᵒС увеличение также идет плавно, толщина окалины возрастает в 1,25 раз на каждые 50ᵒ. При температуре 1000ᵒС также происходит резкое увеличение толщины окалины практически в 2 раза. Установлено, что при измерении толщины окалины и изучении дифрактограмм монотипных стальных объектов на месте пожара можно предположить место, подвергшееся наибольшему температурному воздействию. Зона с экстремально высокими значениями толщины окалины и содержания в ней вустита, соответствует экстремально высоким термическим поражениям и наоборот.

The issues of the influence of temperature action on the change in the composition of scale are considered. The composition of scale obtained under the influence of temperatures of various durations on hot-rolled steel objects has been studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. In the course of the study, carbon steel sheets of the St3 brand were used. It was found that when exposed to temperature on hot-rolled steel objects, depending on the duration of heating, the thickness of the scale and the content of wustite in it increases in proportion to the increase in exposure time and temperature. It is shown that when the object is heated to a temperature of 800°C, there is a gradual increase in the thickness of the scale to 0.05 mm, then at a temperature of 850°C there is a sharp increase in the thickness of the scale by 2 times in all time intervals of the study. Further, up to a temperature of 950°C, the increase also proceeds smoothly, the thickness of the scale increases by 1.25 times for every 50°C. At a temperature of 1000° C, there is also a sharp increase in the thickness of the scale by almost 2 times. It was found that when measuring the thickness of scale and studying diffractograms of monotypic steel objects at the fire site, it is possible to assume the place that was subjected to the greatest temperature exposure. An area with extremely high values of scale thickness and wustite content in it corresponds to extremely high thermal lesions and vice versa.