bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Echocardiography‐defined pulmonary hypertension is an adverse prognostic factor for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Jian Yuan , Zhou Huixing , Wang Yidan , Zhang Zhiyao , Yang Guangzhong , Geng Chuanying , Tian Ying , Gao Wen , Chen Wenming
Published: April 2022

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common but rarely recognized comorbidity of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, while its prognostic significance for MM has been rarely reported.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of baseline echocardiography‐defined PH in 426 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients.

Results

Echocardiograph‐defined PH was found in 12.7% (54/426) of NDMM patients, associated with older age, anemia, and renal insufficiency, as well as severe diastolic dysfunction and higher BNP and NT‐pro‐BNP levels. Patients with PH presented with a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, while with a similar incidence of thrombosis compared with those without PH. Based on similar treatment regimens and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) rates, patients without PH have deeper and better responses than those with PH (p = 0.002). With the remission of MM, 81.5% of PH was reversible, accompanied by improvement of right ventricular dysfunction and normalization of BNP/NT‐pro‐BNP levels, while could reoccur at MM relapse. Survival analysis revealed that PH was an adverse prognostic factor, associated with reduced progression‐free survival (PFS) (21 vs. 50 months,p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (45 vs. 90 months,p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis further verified that baseline PH was an independent predictor for shorter PFS and OS.

Conclusion

In conclusion, echocardiography‐defined PH is an adverse prognostic indicator for MM patients and should be routinely evaluated in MM patients at diagnosis to make a precise prognosis.
Pilot Plant Evaluation of NOx Removal by Cobalt Ethylenediamine Solution
Authors: Yang Jie , Yuan Chongrui , Yang Yiting , Zhao Qiancheng , Jiang Yi , Sun Yujie , Chen Li , Nengzi Li-Chao , Liu Shengyu
Published: April 2022

The removal of NOx by cobalt ethylenediamine solution has attracted much attention, but its reaction mechanism is still not clear. In this study, the reaction mechanism was analyzed experimentally and through practical engineering experiments for thirteen consecutive days. The results indicate that the removal of NOx by cobalt ethylenediamine solution can be divided into two steps. For industrial applications, the removal of actual flue gas NO by cobalt ethylenediamine absorbent was investigated by a gas‐liquid countercurrent and concurrent system in a glass fiber factory in Neijiang, Sichuan province in China, indicating that the average removal efficiency of NO and NOx reached 80 % and that of SO2 90 %.
Federated learning‐based IoT: A systematic literature review
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Hemmati Atefeh , Rahmani Amir Masoud
Published: April 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has a significant impact on our daily lives as applications, services, devices, and industries become more intelligent. Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to significantly influence machine learning training on IoT devices without data sharing. Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning method used in many IoT smart devices; however, FL ensures IoT security and privacy. The systematic literature review (SLR) method is used in this paper to review recently published articles in the FL‐based IoT domain. We analyzed 39 papers that were published between 2018 and March 2022. According to the evaluation factors, the accuracy factor has a high percentage in the FL‐based IoT domain by 29%, and the epoch has 23%, the time has 18%, the energy consumption has 9%, the delay has 9%, the communication overhead has 6%, and the privacy has 6%. Finally, we discuss future research challenges and open issues in the context of FL‐based IoT.
Front Cover
Authors: Chen Yongtai , Chu Jinkui , Tang William C. , Zhang Ran , Zhao Mingyu , Xin Benda
Published: April 2022

Affected by the scattering microenvironment within biological tissues, the emitted polarized light forms a specific two‐dimensional distribution pattern on the imaging focal plane. In the polarization domain, the pursuit of high imaging magnification does not necessarily lead to preponderant image contrast, and may even produce deteriorating results. This study investigates the spatial scale stability of Mueller matrix parameters (MMPs) and analyzes the nonlinear effect of imaging magnification on the MMPs image contrast.

Further details can be found in the article by Yongtai Chen, Jinkui Chu, William C. Tang, Ran Zhang, Mingyu Zhao, and Benda Xin (e202100269)

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Inside Cover
Authors: Ma Haigang , Wang Zhiyang , Zuo Chao , Huang Qinghua
Published: April 2022

Here, a three dimensional confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy (3D‐CPAD) equipped with an autofocusing sono‐opto probe was developed to facilitate the 3D reconstruction of high‐contrast and high‐spatial‐resolution imaging of human skin with multilaminate structures in depth direction. The autofocusing sono‐opto probe mainly integrated an electrowetting‐based varifocal lens to automatically control the acoustic and optical confocal length, and an annular ultrasonic detector with coaxial configuration for receiving photoacoustic signals.

Further details can be found in the article by Haigang Ma, Zhiyang Wang, Chao Zuo, and Qinghua Huang (e202100323)

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Metal vs plastic stents for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with periampullary cancer: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Miki Atsushi , Sasanuma Hideki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sata Naohiro
Published: April 2022

Background/Purpose

Metal stents (MS) are recommended for preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with periampullary cancer, but whether MS are superior in terms of re‐intervention and direct cost is debatable. This study aimed to compare the effects of MS and PS on the outcomes of patients with periampullary cancer.

Methods

For this random‐effects meta‐analysis, electronic databases were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until January 2022. Subgroup analyses were performed basis on the center type and presence of NAC.

Results

In this meta‐analysis, seven RCTs (440 participants) were included. MS reduced re‐interventions (risk ratio [RR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25‐0.72) and direct costs (mean difference = −474 USD, 95% CI = −656 to −292). PBD‐related complications (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.32‐1.71) and postoperative complications (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.45‐1.17) did not differ between MS and PS. Compared PS, MS reduced postoperative complications in high‐volume centers (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49‐0.84) and PBD‐related complications in patients receiving NAC (RR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.08‐1.08).

Conclusions

Metal stents likely reduces re‐interventions and direct costs. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of MS on the outcomes.
Temperature dependence of exciton–phonon coupling and phonon anharmonicity in ZnTe thin films
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Faisal , Ain Qurat Ul , Yaqoob Manzar Mushaf , Zhu Peng , Wang Deliang
Published: April 2022

In ZnTe, longitudinal optical (LO) phonons are strongly coupled with free exciton via long‐range order Froehlich interactions. In this study, we ex situ and in situ monitored the effect of annealing temperature on exciton–phonon (e‐ph) coupling in vacuum evaporated ZnTe thin films by resonance Raman scattering experiment. The 350°C air‐annealed thin film exhibited strong e‐ph coupling and nLO phonons up to sixth order were observed in the Raman spectrum. Moreover, a series of (n − 1)LO + TO and (n + 1)LO‐TO combination phonon modes appeared at low and high wavenumber shoulders of the nLO phonon modes, respectively. The phenomenon of e‐ph coupling was in situ monitored by temperature‐dependent Raman scattering experiment for 350°C air‐annealed thin film. During the in situ measurements, the energy of free exciton was decreased and the condition of outgoing resonance was achieved with nLO phonon. The observation of strong overtones phonon scattering and combination phonon modes allowed us to study anharmonic phonon decay of the zone center nLO phonons. The decay of the fundamental 1LO and its overtone 2LO phonon was mainly dominated by three‐phonon process. For higher order LO phonons with n ≥ 3, the four‐phonon process contribution was increased in the decay process with increasing order.
Signal abnormalities of the bladder wall detected by native T1 mapping in patients with overactive bladder
Authors: Yalcin Ahmet , Gultekin Mehmet Hamza , Erdogan Abdullah , Cankaya Bahar Yilmaz
Published: April 2022

Object

Native T1 mapping provides tissue‐specific T1 relaxation times, which can be used to identify structural changes in the various organs. The object of this article was to evaluate the bladder wall of patients with overactive bladder using native T1 mapping and compare the relaxation times of patients and healthy controls.

Material and methods

Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of overactive bladder and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective study. All participants underwent pelvic MRI and T1 maps were acquired. Native T1 relaxation times were calculated via regions of interest acquired from the anterosuperior wall of the bladder in all participants. Mean T1 relaxation times of the overactive bladder patients were compared with those of controls.

Results

Overactive bladder patients had statistically significantly higher T1 relaxation times compared with controls (p = 0.004). In the subgroup analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between males (1113.42 ± 62.4) and females (1176.70 ± 100.9) regarding the T1 relaxation times (p = 0.165). There were no correlations between age and T1 relaxation times in patient or control groups (r = 0.057, p = 0.825, and r = 0.052, p = 0.932, respectively).

Conclusion

Native T1 mapping can identify structural changes in the bladder wall of patients with overactive bladder. This technique has a promising role in the diagnosis of patients with suspected overactive bladder.
Modeling and Balancing the Solvent Evaporation of Thermal Annealing Process for Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells
Authors: Ling Chenxi , Xia Yongkang , Xiao Xuan , Chen Xiayan , Zheng Ziwei , Xia Minghao , Hu Yue , Mei Anyi , Rong Yaoguang , Han Hongwei
Published: April 2022

Triple‐mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intensive attention due to the high stability, simple fabrication process, and low material cost. In this structure, the perovskite layer is hosted by a triple‐mesoscopic scaffold of TiO2/ZrO2/carbon, and thus the crystal quality is sensitive to the thermal annealing process. Typically, the annealing process is conducted in a petri dish, for which the solvent evaporation of the perovskite precursor is slowed down, but not controllable and designable. To control the solvent evaporation, annealing chambers are first designed with different shape and vapor releasing channels. Then, physical simulations are performed by a finite element method, and it is found out that the chamber with a crowned top and releasing channels on the bottom sides can realize homogeneous distribution of the solvent vapor. To verify the simulation results, chambers are fabricated by 3D printing technique, for which the printing deviation can be as low as 100 µm. By balancing the solvent evaporation and release, the optimal solvent evaporation is achieved of the perovskite precursor in the triple‐mesoscopic scaffold. This work offers a method to obtain homogeneous distribution of solvent vapor, and provides a new insight into understanding the influence of solvent evaporation during the thermal annealing process for PSCs.
Lectotypification of the threatened endemic Appalachian lichen Alectoria fallacina
Authors: Lendemer James C. , McMullin R. Troy
Published: April 2022

Alectoria fallacina, described by the prolific 20th century lichenologist Josef Motyka, is a threatened species narrowly endemic to the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. The production of a unique unidentified fatty acid as the main secondary metabolite chemically separates A. fallacina from its congeners, especially the morphologically similar A. sarmentosa. Here we show that while A. fallacina and A. sarmentosa are entirely allopatric, the type collection of A. fallacina is a mixture of the two taxa and the holotype is A. sarmentosa. Detailed analyses of the original material support the conclusion that the lichen in the holotype packet was taken from another collection, and is in direct conflict with both the protologue and the current application of the name. We assert that the lichen currently assumed to be the holotype of A. fallacina was erroneously placed in the holotype packet by Motyka after the description, while the actual holotype lichen was likely retained in his personal herbarium now deposited at LBL. This highly unusual scenario is supported by other cases from the literature pertaining to the types of names published by this author. Based on the fact that the currently accepted holotype of A. fallacina directly conflicts with the protologue, that all evidence suggests it could not have been derived from the type locality, and the known working methods of both the collector of the type (Gunnar Degelius) as well as the describing author (Motyka), the holotype of A. fallacina is treated as effectively lost and the name is lectotypified with an isotype that unambiguously represents A. fallacina.
Organizational ambidexterity from the emerging market perspective: A review and research agenda
Authors: Batra Ishita , P Preethi , Dhir Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Ambidexterity is an important driver of organizational success to meet the future needs of fast‐changing markets. Building on the organizational ambidexterity (OA) literature, this study investigates the concept of OA from the emerging market perspective. It adopts semantic network analysis and meta‐analysis to identify the factors affecting OA in emerging markets. Semantic network analysis measures degree and eigenvector centralities to understand how the studied words are connected to OA in emerging markets. Meta‐analysis summarizes the factors affecting OA in the emerging markets and categorizes them as homogenous or heterogeneous. The results reveal the homogeneity in factors such as firm age, firm size, research and development intensity, top management team (TMT) size, environment instability, ownership, competitive intensity, risk aversion, and international experience, and the heterogeneity in factors such as innovation, firm performance, technological turbulence, new product development, slack resources, TMT social, and market orientation. Future research directions and managerial implications are discussed.
Non-pacifist Philosophy in Good Faith: Henrik Syse
Authors:   Interviewed by Trond Bakkevig
Published: April 2022

“My Christian faith was formed in an intellectual framework … thought became part of my faith.” This is what PRIO’s first philosopher, Henrik Syse (b. 1966), tells PRIO’s first pastor, Trond Bakkevig, in a conversation covering faith, justice and reconciliation. They see PRIO as a home for peaceful thinking.
Organizing for Peace: Mari Holmboe Ruge
Authors:   Interviewed by Kristian Berg Harpviken
Published: April 2022

Mari Holmboe Ruge (b. 1934) was a key member of the triumvirate who ran PRIO in the early years. She speaks in this interview about their international networking, the impressions she got from racial conflict in the US, her research on the non-violent resistance against the Nazi regime in Norway during 1940–1945, her study of peace journalism and her work for the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.
Peace with a Human Rights Perspective: Asbjørn Eide
Authors:   Interviewed by Helge Øystein Pharo
Published: April 2022

“I wanted to convert my academic learning into socially useful work.” The legal scholar Asbjørn Eide (b. 1933) succeeded Johan Galtung as PRIO director in 1970. In this interview, he reveals that his main motivation for joining PRIO was his fear of nuclear war. In addition to studying the arms race, he engaged with the vision of a New International Economic Order. In the 1980s, he specialized in human rights and minority rights, and left PRIO in 1987 to establish the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights at the University of Oslo.
The Ethics of Innovations in Genomic Selection: On How to Broaden the Scope of Discussion
Authors: Kramer K. , Meijboom F. L. B.
Published: April 2022

The use of genomic selection in agricultural animal breeding is in academic literature generally considered an ethically unproblematic development, but some critical views have been offered. Our paper shows that an important preliminary question for any ethical evaluation of (innovations in) genomic selection is how the scope of discussion should be set, that is, which ethical issues and perspectives ought to be considered. This scope is determined by three partly overlapping choices. The first choice is which ethical concepts to include: an ethical discussion of genomic selection approaches may draw on concepts central to (Anglo-Saxon) applied ethics, but some critical views have been based on concepts from critical animal studies and continental philosophy. A related choice is to what extent discussion should focus on new ethical issues raised or on existing ethical issues that will be ameliorated, perpetuated or aggravated by an innovation in genomic selection. The third choice is to treat an innovation in genomic selection either as a technique on itself or as a part of specific practices. We argue that ethical discussion should not limit attention to new issues or ignore the implications of particular ways of applying genomic selection in practice, and this has some consequences for which ethical concepts ought to be included. Limiting the scope of discussion may be defensible in some contexts, but broader ethical discussion remains necessary.
Extension groups of tautological bundles on symmetric products of curves
Authors: Krug Andreas
Published: April 2022

We provide a spectral sequence computing the extension groups of tautological bundles on symmetric products of curves. One main consequence is that, if$$E\ne \mathcal O_X$$E≠OXis simple, then the natural map$${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {Ext}}\,}}^1(E,E)\rightarrow {{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {Ext}}\,}}^1(E^{[n]},E^{[n]})$$Ext1(E,E)→Ext1(E[n],E[n])is injective for everyn. Along with previous results, this implies that$$E\mapsto E^{[n]}$$E↦E[n]defines an embedding of the moduli space of stable bundles of slope$$\mu \notin [-1,n-1]$$μ∉[-1,n-1]on the curveXinto the moduli space of stable bundles on the symmetric product$$X^{(n)}$$X(n). The image of this embedding is, in most cases, contained in the singular locus. For line bundles on a non-hyperelliptic curve, the embedding identifies the Brill–Noether loci ofXwith the loci in the moduli space of stable bundles on$$X^{(n)}$$X(n)where the dimension of the tangent space jumps. We also prove that$$E^{[n]}$$E[n]is simple ifEis simple.
Music emotion recognition based on segment-level two-stage learning
Authors: He Na , Ferguson Sam
Published: April 2022

In most Music Emotion Recognition (MER) tasks, researchers tend to use supervised learning models based on music features and corresponding annotation. However, few researchers have considered applying unsupervised learning approaches to labeled data except for feature representation. In this paper, we propose a segment-based two-stage model combining unsupervised learning and supervised learning. In the first stage, we split each music excerpt into contiguous segments and then utilize an autoencoder to generate segment-level feature representation. In the second stage, we feed these time-series music segments to a bidirectional long short-term memory deep learning model to achieve the final music emotion classification. Compared with the whole music excerpts, segments as model inputs could be the proper granularity for model training and augment the scale of training samples to reduce the risk of overfitting during deep learning. Apart from that, we also apply frequency and time masking to segment-level inputs in the unsupervised learning part to enhance training performance. We evaluate our model on two datasets. The results show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models, some of which even use multimodal architectures. And the performance comparison also evidences the effectiveness of audio segmentation and the autoencoder with masking in an unsupervised way.
Insights into the tribological behavior of choline chloride—urea and choline chloride—thiourea deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Yuting , Li Yuan , Li Hao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Yan Han , Cai Meng , Xu Xiaojun , Zhu Minhao
Published: April 2022

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been considered as novel and economic alternatives to traditional lubricants because of their similar physicochemical performance. In this study, choline chloride (ChCl) DESs were successfully synthesized via hydrogen-bonding networks of urea and thiourea as the hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). The as-synthesized ChCl-urea and ChCl-thiourea DESs had excellent thermal stability and displayed good lubrication between steel/steel tribo-pairs. The friction coefficient and wear rate of ChCl-thiourea DES were 50.1% and 80.6%, respectively, lower than those of ChCl-urea DES for GCr15/45 steel tribo-pairs. However, for GCr15/Q45 steel, ChCl-urea DES decreased the wear rate by 85.0% in comparison to ChCl-thiourea DES. Under ChCl-thiourea DES lubrication, the tribo-chemical reaction film composed of FeS formed at the interfaces and contributed to low friction and wear. However, under high von Mises stress, the film could not be stably retained and serious wear was obtained through direct contact of friction pairs. This illustrated that the evolution of the tribo-chemical reaction film was responsible for the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the DESs.
Functionalized graphene-oxide nanosheets with amino groups facilitate macroscale superlubricity
Authors: Ge Xiangyu , Chai Zhiyuan , Shi Qiuyu , Li Jinjin , Tang Jiawei , Liu Yanfei , Wang Wenzhong
Published: April 2022

Graphene-oxide (GO) has been recognized as an excellent lubrication material owing to its two-dimensional structure and weak interlayer interactions. However, the functional groups of GO that can contribute to anti-friction, anti-wear, and superlubricity are yet to be elucidated. Hence, further improvement in GO-family materials in tribology and superlubricity fields is impeded. In this study, macroscale superlubricity with a coefficient of friction of less than 0.01 is achieved by exploiting the high adhesive force between amino groups within aminated GO (GO-NH2) nanosheets and SiO2. It was observed that GO-NH2 nanosheets form a robust adsorption layer on the worn surfaces owing to the high adsorption of amino groups. This robust GO-NH2 adsorption layer not only protects the contact surfaces and contributes to low wear, but also causes the shearing plane to transform constantly from solid asperities (high friction) into GO-NH2 interlayers (weak interlayer interactions), resulting in superlubricity. A SiO2-containing boundary layer formed by tribochemical reactions and a liquid film are conducive to low friction. Such macroscale liquid superlubricity provides further insights into the effect of functional groups within functionalized GO materials and a basis for designing functionalized GO materials with excellent tribological performances.
An unsteady aerodynamic model for three-dimensional wing based on augmented lifting-line method
Authors: Li X. , Zhou Z. , Guo J.H.
Published: April 2022

A fast numerical method for unsteady aerodynamic calculation of 3D wing is established, which is suitable for the preliminary design. Based on the lifting-line method, the aerodynamic data of the 2D aerofoil obtained by the unsteady CFD simulation is used as the model input to solve the aerodynamic force of the 3D wing. Compared with the traditional steady lifting-line method, the augmented method adopts the unsteady Kutta-Jouowski (K-J) theorem to calculate the circulation and improve the accuracy of the method through the circulation correction. The pitching motion of 3D wing at different aspect ratio and reduction frequencies are studied. The results show that the aerodynamic forces obtained by the augmented lifting-line method have good agreement with the 3D unsteady CFD calculations. Compared with 3D CFD calculation, the calculation efficiency of the improved method is increased by more than 12 times. The improved method has extensive applicability and can be used to estimate the unsteady aerodynamic forces of 3D single or multiple wing configurations.
Coherent magnetic modon solutions in quasi-geostrophic shallow water magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Lahaye Noé , Zeitlin Vladimir
Published: April 2022

A class of exact solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic quasi-geostrophic equations (MQG), which result from rotating shallow water magnetohydrodynamics in the limit of small Rossby and magnetic Rossby numbers is constructed analytically. These solutions are magnetic modons, steady-moving dipolar vortices, which are generalizations of the well-known quasi-geostrophic modons. It is shown that various configurations of magnetic modons are possible: with or without external magnetic field, and with or without internal magnetic field trapped inside the dipole. By using the modon solutions as initial conditions for direct numerical simulations of the MQG equations, it is shown that they remain coherent for a long time, running over about a hundred deformation radii without change of form, provided the external and internal magnetic fields are not too strong, and even if a small-amplitude noise is added to initial conditions.
Drilling predation on spatangoid echinoids from the Miocene of Sardinia: a taphonomic and paleoecological perspective
Authors: Mancosu Andrea , Nebelsick James H. , Buosi Carla
Published: April 2022

Predation is of great importance in understanding the diversification of spatangoid echinoids as well as their preservation in the fossil record. Herein, the spatangoid-dominated Miocene carbonate succession of Punta Foghe (Montiferru area, central-western Sardinia, Italy) is studied with the aim of reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions and investigating abiotic and biotic factors, including predation, that influence the paleoecology and preservation potential of spatangoid echinoids.

The echinoid fauna is dominated by the spatangoid Agassizia and, to a lesser extent, the clypeasteroid Clypeaster. The fauna also includes both regular (undetermined diadematoids and camarodonts) and irregular (Plagiobrissus, Echinocyamus, and Koehleraster) forms. Echinoids and associated fossil content, along with taphonomic and sedimentological signatures, indicate an inner sublittoral environment with moderate energy conditions affected by high-energy events. Agassizia remains, which consist mainly of complete and well-preserved tests, commonly bear subcircular drill holes that are interpreted as the result of cassid gastropod predation and investigated with respect to size selectivity and stereotypy of attack sites. Potential biases related to drilling predation and biostratinomy on the preservation potential of spatangoid tests are discussed.

Agassizia lacks any morphological adaptation to minimize high predation risk, including defensive spines and the ability to burrow deeply into the sediment. An antipredator behavior possibly relied on a gregarious life-history strategy, reducing the frequency of attacks on specific individuals by cassid predators.
A New Contract? The Joint Mobilization of Unionized and Contract Workers in Latin America
Authors: Holland Alisha C.
Published: April 2022

Comparative political economists often divide Latin American labor markets into those with secure employment (insiders) and those without it (outsiders). Yet this division misses an increasingly important class of contract workers, who hold formal labor contracts but often lack labor stability, welfare benefits, and organizing rights. When do unionized and contract workers share preferences and engage in joint organizing? And when do their efforts result in policy change? Drawing on case studies of Chile and Peru, I argue that unionized workers mobilize contract workers when they see their own membership under threat and when they share physical workplaces with contractors. Labor coalitions succeed in policy reform when they leverage divisions within the business community and upcoming elections to build support. This article thus pushes scholars to move beyond dichotomies of formal versus informal workers and study how contract workers matter for collective action and labor policy outcomes.
The Still Enlightened “Late-Comers”: A Comparison between the Proto-Modernist Nationalisms of Guiseppe Mazzini and Ziya Gökalp
Authors: Ongur Hakan Övünç , Kolasi Klevis
Published: April 2022

In contrast with the distorted and romanticized images reproduced by far-right narratives, we argue in this study that the constructive ideals of “nation” held by Italy’s Giuseppe Mazzini and Turkey’s Ziya Gökalp, from two later examples of European nationalism, could fit into what might be called a “proto-modernism” within nationalism theories. It is proposed that both Mazzini and Gökalp went through ideological transformations that made them firm opponents of German Romanticism and ardent believers of the Enlightenment, as shown in their non-exclusionary approaches to nationalism. They both rejected essentialist (religious, ethnic, racial, etc.) rationales for the backwardness of their respective countries and maintained the necessity of constructing nations that would initially provide civic equality among citizens and then aim at normative equality among nations at the civilizational level. In that sense, our analysis finds four fundamental similarities between Mazzini and Gökalp with regard to their national ideals: loyalty to the principles of the Enlightenment, national self-determination, civic-legal equality among citizens, and normative equality among all nations.
Humanities and Human Sciences in Nigeria
Authors: Brann C. M. B.
Published: April 2022

Having four years ago reviewed C.C. Aguolu‘s Nigeria, a comprehensive bibliography in the humanities and social sciences 1900-1971, we could not resist the temptation, ‘where angels fear to tread’, to compare it with the recently published Nigerian contribution to humanistic studies by B. O. Aboyade, making it an excuse to cogitate on the place of the Humanities in the Nigerian university system.

To C. C. Aguolu the area of humane studies included both those which take the individual as the centre for investigation, i.e. the Arts, and those which are concerned with the group the Social Sciences: this seems all the more legitimate, as the latter derive from the former. For the Social Sciences have sprung and separated from the Arts within this century, as witnessed by the distinct faculties serving them.
Manuscripts and archives relating to Africa
Authors: Pearson J.D.
Published: April 2022

A most useful introduction to archive and manuscript collections in Europe and America as well as in Africa was contributed by P. Duignan to the Nairobi conference in 1967 and is published in The Bibliography of Africa, ed. Pearson and Jones, pp. 194—213.

The series of ‘Guides to materials for West African history in European archives’ being produced by the University of London Institute of Historical Research numbers four volumes up to the time of writing:

Materials for West African history in the archives of Belgium and Holland, by Patricia Carson. London, 1962.

Materials for West African history in Portuguese archives, by A.F.C. Ryder. London, 1965.

Materials for West African history in Italian archives, by Richard Gray and David Chambers. London, 1965.

Materials for West African history in French archives, by Patricia Carson. London, 1968.
Ghana and the Knowledge Explosion—The Problem of Bibliography
Authors: Kisiedu Christine O.
Published: April 2022

The twentieth century will go down in history as the century of explosions. Within living memory the world has witnessed several of these: the splitting of the atom and the neutron, with the subsequent release of so much energy that mankind faces certain extinction through its misuse. The knowledge explosion has been with us all of the second half of this century; and the latest, and certainly one of the most problematic, is the population explosion and the global attempts being made to prevent homo sapiens from any further literal interpretation of the biblical exhortation of God's chosen people to “be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth …” All available human resources have been marshalled against the destructive elements in these forces. Efforts have been geared towards containing them within reasonably safe bounds, so that the good in them could be employed fully and more profitably for the further development of our world.
The James Phipps papers in the Public Records Office
Authors: Henige David P.
Published: April 2022

Recently I was able to describe briefly the collection of the papers of James Phipps housed in the Chancery Masters Exhibits collection in the Public Record Office. At that time it was not possible to do more than suggest the salient characteristics of this collection since the materials were completely unorganized and in exactly the same condition as when they were deposited some two centuries ago. This collection has now been organized, albeit in a somewhat inchoate form, and some further assesment of its contents and value can be attempted. The reorganization of these materials has resulted in their being reclassified — unfortunately still within the Chancery Masters Exhibits classification rather than the T70 series — and this note is intended to introduce the new system and to enumerate its contents more fully.

James Phipps spent more than twenty years on the Gold Coast in the service of the Royal African Company.
Aberdeen University: Collections of Interest to Africanists
Authors: Murray Jocelyn
Published: April 2022

The Department of Religious Studies at the University of Aberdeen contains two collections of materials of interest to Africanists. Both encompass a wider area than Africa, but in both the African materials are perhaps the most numerous and interesting.

Andrew Walls, head of the Department, directs the Project for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World. There is a reading room (the Laws Room) and nn accumulating collection of mission magazines and journals, pamphlets, ephemeral materials, manuscripts, microfilms, photographs, and bibliographic aids. A wide range of current mission and church papers is received, including Catholic and Protestant publications from U.S.A., U.K., the Continent, and Africa. With the supporting collections in the University Library there is a good coverage of older mission journals. Manuscripts of Dr. Robert Laws (born in Aberdeen) have been donated to the Department by his daughter, with other materials relating to Livingstonia.
Information and Documentation for Development in Southern Africa: A Southern African Technical and Scientific Information and Documentation Network
Authors: Kornegay F. A.
Published: April 2022

What follows is a summary of a document dated Dec. 1st 1978, by Francis A. Kornegay, Jr., Associate Editor, African Bibliographic Centre, Washington DC. The report gives a summary of Mr. Kornegay's recent acquisitions trip and a limited survey of documentation activities on Southern Africa.

The International Security Assistance and Arms Control Act of 1977 authorized the preparation of a “Systematic and Comprehensive study of the development requirements of Southern Africa” and therefore a continuous flow of data on the various sections of the economies of the states of Southern Africa would be needed. The Act called for the “Organizing of a central repository of information and talent that could be drawn from other countries and organizations”.
A.S.A.U.K. Presidential Address Given at the Durham Conference, September 1976: Tropical Africa and the Science of Nature
Authors: Moss Rowland
Published: April 2022

It is a daunting prospect to attempt to follow those eminent Africanists who have been Presidents of this Association since its inception in 1962. Apart from such figures as Dame Margery Perham from the humanities, I find myself this evening occupying that chair so felicitously graced by natural scientists of the calibre of Sir Joseph Hutchinson, Ronald Keay and Walter Russell, whose achievements I cannot hope to emulate. You may be aware that until three years ago the President was only required to deliver an Address to the Association if his year of office included the biennial Conference. Consequently such scholars as John Fage and Robert Steel escaped the noose. My only consolation - if such it be - is that, having been largely responsible for the change in the rules which now, inevitably and inexorably, require the President to deliver an address, my present plight would still be unavoidable had the rules not been changed.
The Making of Sabib: A Landmark in South African Bibliography
Authors: Varley D. H.
Published: April 2022

As Ian Colvin observed in his classic Introduction to Sidney Mendelssohn's South African Bibliography, the first recorded voyage round the Cape (by Bartholomew Diaz in 1487) took place at about the time that printing was being ‘invented’ (that is, re-discovered and developed) in Europe. Yet it was not until 1910, more than four centuries later, that the, first comprehensive bibliographical record relating to Southern Africa appeared in print. The almost ‘onlie begetter’ of this seminal work was the elder son of a comparatively impecunious liberal Jewish Rabbi, a mid-19th century immigrant to Britain from Germany, albeit a collateral descendant of the distinguished philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. Sidney, brought up in the West country, followed his father to Kimberley soon after the latter had taken up his appointment as Minister to the Jewish Congregation of the small diamond-field town in 1878.
National Bibliography in Nigeria: Its Growth, Development and International Dimensions
Authors: Aguolu C C
Published: April 2022

Nigeria was the first country in Black Africa to have a current national bibliography. The responsibility for the production of the national bibliography, known as Nigerian Publications from 1953, when the first issue appeared, to 1973 when it changed its name to the National Bibliography of Nigeria, was transferred from the Ibadan University Library, Nigeria's largest research library, to the National Library of Nigeria in June 1970. Although the National Library was officially opened in 1964, it was not invested with this national bibliographic responsibility until 1970. The compilation of the national bibliography by the Ibadan University Library from 1953 to 1970 was a voluntary task not backed up by any national legislation, although the enactment of the Nigeria Publications Ordinance 1950, which required two copies of every book published in the country to be deposited with the Ibadan University College Library, as it was then known, enabled the Library to assume responsibility for the preparation of the national bibliography.
National Archives of Zimbabwe
Authors: Kamba Angeline S
Published: April 2022

The National Archives of Zimbabwe came into being as a result of the passing of the Archives Act in April 1935 whose aim was: “To make provision for the preservation, custody, control and disposal of public records and judicial records of Southern Rhodesia and for matters incidental thereto.” In 1938 further legislation was passed which affected the activities of National Archives; this was the Printed Publications Act. In terms of this Act, the Archives receives a copy of every book, pamphlet, periodical, newspaper and sheet of letter press published in this country. Hence over the years a full-scale library has grown within National Archives.

In 1947 the services of the Archives were extended to Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and legislation in each of those countries provided that the archives office of Rhodesia should also be the official archives office for each of them.
The Mapping of Africa: A Guide to Sources
Authors: Ferro David P
Published: April 2022

From time to time undergraduates at Edinburgh University taking a geography course in the Centre of African Studies are asked to prepare a bibliography and evaluation of maps on a particular topic for a country of their choice. The student's sequence of tasks is to select a country that has been mapped relatively well; compile a cartobibliography; locate copies of the maps; and finally, evaluate them. Such a process is also very familiar to map librarians, particularly in the course of acquisition and reference work.

In attempting to ascertain what mapping is available and to evaluate it, two approaches might be adopted. The student could turn to a guide to or bibliography of Africana in the hope that this would lead directly to sources of information on cartographic publishing. Alternatively, cartographic sources could be approached first. Certainly the first approach yields some useful sources but has its limitations.
The Phipps Papers Revisited
Authors: Henige David
Published: April 2022

Several years ago I described the collection of the papers of James Phipps in the Public Record Office. This was based on a preliminary arrangement of these materials. Since that time these papers have been calendared and somewhat re-arranged. In addition they have been foliated, allowing for a greater understanding of the bulk of this collection, and for easier access and more exact description of specific kinds of data. Finally, my own use of the Phipps papers makes it possible to add some commentary that was not possible before. All of this makes it advisable - even imperative - to describe these materials once more, particularly since relying on my earlier account could mislead interested parties, especially those who may have recourse to the post.
The Italian-African Institute (Instituto Italo-Africano, Iia)
Authors: Roberts Hazel
Published: April 2022

The Italian-African Institute is the oldest Italian organisation concerned with Africa, and it is a public agency acting under the sponsorship of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its headquarters are in Rome - Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16, 00197 Rome - and it has eight regional and provincial branches, including those in Turin, Naples, Bologna, Bari and Reggio Calabria.

Its beginnings were in the former ‘Italian Institute for Africa’, founded in 1906, and it carries out the same kind of work but extended and expanded. Its aims include spreading knowledge about Africa and its problems, and forming closer links and friendly cooperation between Italy and Africa.
The Africana Library at the “Stadt- Und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main”
Authors: Wolcke Irmtraud D.
Published: April 2022

In Germany several university libraries are obliged to procure scientific African literature for lending. These are:

City and University Library, Frankfurt (Subsaharan Africa)

Lower Saxony State and University (Republic of Library, Göttingen South Africa)

University Library, Tübingen (North Africa)

University Library, Münster/Westf. (Afrikaans)

Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Kiel (Economics)

These special collections came into existence about 1960 and were based on existing pre-war stocks.

Even before the establishment of the special collections programme, however, there was a traditional Africa collection in Frankfurt. The roots of the Oriental and African collection in the former municipal library go back to a donation by the founder of Ethiopian studies, Job Ludolf (1624-1704), who was also one of the first to explore African linguistics, with his papers on the language of the Hottentots. A valuable collection of Ethiopian manuscripts was conveyed to the library by the scientist Eduard Rüppell (1794-1884).
Printing in Onitsha: Some Personal Observations on the Production of Nigerian Market Literature
Authors: McCarthy Cavan M.
Published: April 2022

I have always been very interested in “fringe” or “non-standard” publications. I was active in the “little magazine” movement in England in the sixties, publishing and collecting poetry from small presses. I now live in Brazil, where I avidly purchase the popular poetry pamphlets which are still sold on market stalls. It was natural, therefore, that when I was a lecturer in the Department of Library Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, in 1974-5, I should become interested in Onitsha market literature. I went to Onitsha twice, and visited publishers and printshops (I have had experience in setting type and working printing presses). I drafted a brief article on Onitsha publications, but other pressures prevented me from preparing it for the press. In 1983 I showed the draft to Miss Use Sternberg, responsible for African acquisitions in the British Library, Reference Division.
African Studies in the United States
Authors: Schmidt Nancy J.
Published: April 2022

African Studies in the United States are alive, well and still growing despite lower increases in the level of goverment and institutional funding since the period of rapid growth in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although some institutions have experienced sharp declines in funding or personnel, many have increased their Africanist activities in recent year. African Studies still are not a high priority in the American educational system. There is a wide gap between what Africanists consider to be essential information about Africa and what is actually known and taught about the continent in the U.S. Certainly there is room for expansion and improvement of existing academic teaching and research programs. Nevertheless, African Studies have made substantial advances in'the last 25 years and are still developing.
Periodicals from Africa: the Next Step
Authors: Blake David
Published: April 2022

Maurice Line, Director-General of the British Library Lending Division, has said that one can always tell where parties of librarians have been by the trail of union catalogues they leave behind them. He added that ‘there lurks an innate tendency to construct union catalogues in the same way as some species of the animal kingdom have exotic and apparently irrational habits, like the mating displays of kangaroos or the exotic nest building of some birds’.

SCOLMA has been involved in constructing union catalogues for a long time. It is now twenty-three years since it began recording African periodicals — ‘somewhat lightheartedly’, according to Donald Simpson — and we have now published two lists containing almost 23,000 titles with details of library holdings for probably about 13,000. I have a file of about 3,000 extra titles, which is likely to grow considerably in the next few months.
The use of bibliographic databases in African studies
Authors: Seeley Janet
Published: April 2022

The online searching of databases to retrieve bibliographical information is increasingly becoming common research practice in a wide range of disciplines. For the scholar of African studies there is as yet no single comprehensive database covering the literature from the continent on a multi-disciplinary basis; however there are a number of existing databases which serve as a useful and up-to-date bibliographical tool. The aim of this paper is briefly to outline those currently available databases which are of relevance to African studies and to offer some suggestions as to how this valuable service may best be utilised.

Online information retrieval services first became readily available to the public in the early 1970s, chiefly in the area of science and technology.