bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural variation in the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor genes in Japanese patients with bipolar disorders
Authors: Suga Yosuke , Yoshimoto Keiichiro , Numata Shusuke , Shimodera Shinji , Takamura Shogo , Kamimura Naoto , Sawada Ken , Kazui Hiromitsu , Ohmori Tetsuro , Morinobu Shigeru
Published: November 2019

Background

Lithium is the first‐line drug for the treatment of bipolar disorders (BDs); however, not all patients responded. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a role in the therapeutic action of lithium. Since structural variations were reported in these genes, it is possible that these genomic variations may be involved in the therapeutic responses to lithium.

Method

Fifty patients with BDs and 50 healthy subjects (mean age 55.0 ± 15.0 years; M/F 19/31) participated. We examined structural variation of the GSK3β and BDNF genes by real‐time PCR. We examined the influence of structural variation of these genes on the therapeutic responses to lithium and the occurrence of antidepressant‐emergent affective switch (AEAS). The efficacy of lithium was assessed using the Alda scale, and AEAS was evaluated using Young Mania Rating Scale.

Results

Although we examined structural variations within intron II and VII of the GSK3® gene and from the end of exon IV to intron IV and within exon IX of the BDNF gene, no structural variation was found in BDs. Whereas 5 of 50 patients exhibited three copies of the genomic region within exon IV of the BDNF gene, all healthy subjects had two copies. No difference in the therapeutic efficacy of lithium was found between patients with three and two copies. No difference in the occurrence of AEAS was found between the two groups.

Conclusion

The amplification of the BDNF gene influenced neither the therapeutic responses to lithium nor the occurrence of AEAS.
A preliminary application of intraoral Doppler ultrasound images to deep learning techniques for predicting late cervical lymph node metastasis in early tongue cancers
Authors: Ariji Yoshiko , Fukuda Motoki , Kise Yoshitaka , Nozawa Michihito , Nagao Toru , Nakayama Atsushi , Sugita Yoshihiko , Katumata Akitoshi , Ariji Eiichiro
Published: November 2019

Aims

Various factors, including depth of invasion (DOI) and hemodynamics have been linked with the prediction of late cervical lymph nodes metastasis in patients with early tongue cancers. The objective of this study was to examine the deep learning performance of the intraoral Doppler ultrasound images for predicting the late cervical metastasis, by comparing DOI.

Methods

Thirty‐three patients with early squamous cell tongue carcinomas were divided into two groups: 12 with late cervical metastasis, and 21 without metastasis. Intraoral Doppler ultrasound images of all subjects were cropped to 400 × 400 pixel squares, and 80% were used for a training dataset, and 20% were used for a testing dataset. The training dataset was imported into the DIGITS deep learning training system, the learning process for 300 epochs was performed using AlexNet neural network, and the resultant learning model was created. The testing dataset was applied to the model to evaluate the performance for distinguishing between the two groups.

Results

Use of intraoral Doppler ultrasound images for predicting the late cervical metastasis achieved deep learning performances of 0.883 for the area under the ROC curve (AUC), 85.9% for accuracy, and 84.0% for sensitivity. On the other hand, the corresponding performances of DOI were 0.873, 84.8%, and 75.0%, using a DOI threshold of 5.6 mm.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that the performance of a deep learning system using intraoral Doppler ultrasound images of early tongue cancers to predict late cervical metastasis was sufficiently high, suggesting possible applications in imaging diagnosis support.
A difficult‐to‐diagnose case of extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type, primary to maxillary gingival ulcers that developed after living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Yonenaga Kazumichi , Suenaga Hideyuki , Abe Masanobu , Takato Tsuyoshi , Hoshi Kazuto
Published: November 2019

Extranodal nasal‐type NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a hematopoietic malignancy that is rare in the oral cavity. We report a case of a 62‐year‐old woman who developed ENKTL after undergoing living‐donor liver transplantation at the age of 53 years. She had a history of hepatitis C‐related liver cirrhosis. After being diagnosed with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, she received antibiotic therapy; however, it was ineffective. Clinical findings suggested a neoplastic disease and necessitated a gingival biopsy. A definitive diagnosis of ENKTL was made based on the immunohistochemical analysis. She achieved a complete clinical response after two courses of SMILE chemotherapy.
Maternal obesity and intrapartum obstetric complications among pregnant women: Retrospective cohort analysis from medical birth registry in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mwanamsangu Amasha H. , Mahande Michael J. , Mazuguni Festo S. , Bishanga Dunstan R. , Mazuguni Nickolas , Msuya Sia E. , Mosha Dominic
Published: November 2019

Background

In the last decade, Tanzania has observed a dramatic increase in overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age, a demographic shift that has been associated with intrapartum obstetric complications in high‐income countries. Similar increases in maternal morbidity including postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and rates of caesarean delivery have not yet documented in Tanzania. This analysis describes intrapartum obstetric complications associated with maternal obesity among pregnant women delivering at teaching hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the hospital's antenatal care (ANC) and birth registries from 2000 to 2015. The World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) categories were applied to classify BMI status of pregnant women within 16 weeks of gestational age at their first ANC visit. Relative risk (RR) of obstetric complications with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable log‐binomial regression, adjusting for clustering effect for the correlation between multiple deliveries of the same woman.

Results

Among 11 873 women who delivered babies in the hospital during the study period, 3139 (26.5%) fit the definition of overweight and 1464 (12.3%) women with obesity. Compared with women with normal weight, women with obesity were at over 2.6 times at risks of experiencing pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (RR: 2.66; 95% CI, 2.08‐3.40), pregnancy‐induced hypertension (RR 2.13; 95% CI, 1.26‐3.62), and postpartum haemorrhage (RR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.49). Additionally, women with obesity had also higher risk of either elective (RR 2.40; 95% CI, 1.88‐3.06) or emergency (RR: 1.53; 95% CI, 1.34‐1.75) caesarean delivery.

Conclusion

Maternal obesity is an emerging health problem in Tanzania. This study clearly demonstrates an association between increased risk of intrapartum complications and obesity. A review of guidelines around ANC screening and intrapartum care practices considering BMI, as well as appropriate messages for women with obesity, should be considered to improve maternal and newborn outcomes.
Deformulation of commercial linear low‐density polyethylene resins by advanced fractionation and analysis
Authors: Sigwinta Mawande , Ndiripo Anthony , Wewers Francois , Pasch Harald
Published: November 2019

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) exhibits a complex molecular structure that is characterized by molar mass and chemical composition distributions. Both molecular parameters complementarily influence the final application properties. Typically, the molecular structure of commercial polyolefins is characterized by a set of technical parameters including the melt flow index, the crystallization and melting temperatures and the comonomer content as obtained using Fourier transform infrared or NMR spectroscopy. LLDPEs with high comonomer contents are typically regarded as plastomers or elastomers. Due to their low crystallinities, characterization of these materials using crystallization‐based analytical techniques is of limited use since the majority of the material is rather amorphous. Such materials need specific alternative analytical methods that may be based on molar mass and/or chemical composition fractionation. Here it is shown that for a comprehensive analysis of LLDPEs with similar bulk properties, preparative molar mass fractionation (pMMF) and advanced analysis of the fractions are required. The pMMF fractions are comprehensively analyzed using size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and high‐temperature high‐performance liquid chromatography to provide detailed information on molar mass and copolymer composition. Correlated information of these molecular parameters is obtained by comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship of Overuse Injuries and Extrascholastic Sport Participation in High School Athletes 2009‐2010 through 2015‐2016
Authors: Ryder Stephanie Cowherd , Gnirke Matthew , Laker Scott R. , Hoffmire Claire , Comstock R. Dawn
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Overuse injuries (injuries due to repetitive loads with inadequate rest) can negatively affect high school athletes, but limited data exist on the effect of sports participation outside of the school‐sanctioned season on the development of overuse injuries.

Objective

Compare overuse injury patterns among high school athletes who participate in extrascholastic athletics to those participating only in scholastic sports.

Design

Descriptive cross‐sectional, secondary analysis of injury data collected on high school athletes across 22 sports over the 2009‐2010 through 2015‐2016 academic years.

Setting

Deidentified data collected as part of the High School Reporting Information Online study (HS RIO).

Participants

High school athletes from a large convenience sample of U.S. high schools.

Main Outcome Measurements

Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were computed overall and for individual sports to compare the proportion of overuse injuries in athletes competing in extrascholastic sports to athletes participating only in scholastic athletics.

Results

Overall, extrascholastic athletes experienced a higher proportion of overuse injuries compared to scholastic‐only athletes (IPR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐1.30), but this association varied by sport. Among extrascholastic athletes, a higher proportion of overuse injuries occurred in those simultaneously playing the same sport outside the school setting (IPR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.11‐1.57) as well as having experienced an injury within the past year (IPR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.36‐1.95) compared to those sustaining non‐overuse injuries.

Conclusions

Overuse injuries were associated with extrascholastic athletics and occurred in higher proportion in extrascholastic athletes who were playing the same sport in more than one league.
Investigating the Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Single Polymer Chains using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Liang Xiaobin , Nakajima Ken
Published: November 2019

In single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), many studies have focused on the elasticity and conformation of polymer chains, but little attention has been devoted to the dynamic properties of single polymer chains. In this study, we measured the energy dissipation and elastic properties of single polystyrene (PS) chains in toluene, methanol, andN,N‐dimethylformamide using a homemade piezo‐control and data acquisition system externally coupled to a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM), which provided more accurate information regarding the dynamic properties of the PS chains. We quantitatively measured the chain length‐dependent changes in the stiffness and viscosity of a single chain using a phenomenological model consistent with the theory of viscoelasticity for polymer chains in dilute solution. The effective viscosity of a polymer chain can be determined using the Kirkwood model, which is independent of the intrinsic viscosity of the solvent and dependent on the interaction between the polymer and solvent. The results indicated that the viscosity of a single PS chain is dominated by the interaction between the polymer and solvent. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019, 57, 1736–1743
Reliability analysis of gas turbine engine by means of bathtub‐shaped failure rate distribution
Authors: Ahsan Shazaib , Lemma Tamiru A. , Gebremariam Mebrahitom A.
Published: November 2019

During reliability analysis, analysts often encounter multiple repairable units operating in different environments for various applications such as marine, power generation, and propulsion. Thus, a reliability approach that accounts for varying operating conditions is invaluable to ensure system availability. Therefore, fault probability described by some characteristic parameters and their accurate estimation has been a vital task for understanding system's behavior. The time between failures is utilized to estimate Weibull parameters that define the system. The application of gas turbine is presented as a case study. Five different cases are discussed based on distinct operating conditions and faults. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for assessing operational reliability. The three‐parameter Weibull distribution was found to best fit the failure data with the root mean square error between 0.0369 and 0.0688 for maximum likelihood estimation and 0.04184 and 0.0733 for the least square method. Based on these results, it is deduced that the system under consideration is at the end of its operational life. Furthermore, it is observed that an increase in maintenance interval leads to a decline in meantime to failure, which is indicative of the need to select maintenance interval wisely. Findings from this study helps to improve the understanding of gas turbine behavior based on reliability and survival analysis.
Stable isotope relationships between apatite phosphate (δ18O), structural carbonate (δ18O, δ13C), and collagen (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) in modern human dentine
Authors: Lehn Christine , Rossmann Andreas , Mayr Christoph
Published: November 2019

Rationale

The use of multi‐isotopic analysis (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and δ34S values) of modern human body tissues for provenancing of unknown individuals in forensics is increasing. Tooth dentine develops during childhood and adolescence, therefore providing geographical information from that period of life. Tooth apatite δ18O values are commonly used for the reconstruction of drinking water values, and H–C–N–S isotope ratios in collagen supply additional information about the composition of diet. We tested if dentine collagen δ2H values provide similar information to apatite δ18O values with a proof‐of‐concept study.

Methods

Tooth samples were taken from modern‐day individuals born in different regions of the world. Apatite and collagen were prepared from dentine. Stable isotope analyses were performed on apatite phosphate oxygen (δ18Ophos); oxygen and carbon of the structural carbonate (δ18Ocarb, δ13Ccarb); and hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur of the collagen (δ2Hcoll, δ13Ccoll, δ15N, δ34S).

Results

δ18Ophos, δ18Ocarb, and δ2Hcoll values are highly correlated in modern human dentine. There are significant relationships of δ18O values in the apatite fraction and δ2H values in the collagen fraction with local δ18O and δ2H precipitation values, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate no direct relationship between δ15N values and the isotope ratios of any other element. Weak relationships exist between collagen δ34S values and δ18Ocarb or δ18Ophos values.

Conclusions

The highly significant correlation of δ18Ophos, δ18Ocarb, and δ2Hcoll values in the modern human dentine implies that measurement of δ2H values in collagen or δ18O values in bioapatite will provide reliable information about the climate at the person's whereabouts.
Exact sequential analysis for multiple weighted binomial end points
Authors: Silva Ivair R. , Gagne Joshua J. , Najafzadeh Mehdi , Kulldorff Martin
Published: November 2019

Sequential analysis is used in clinical trials and postmarket drug safety surveillance to prospectively monitor efficacy and safety to quickly detect benefits and problems, while taking the multiple testing of repeated analyses into account. When there are multiple outcomes, each one may be given a weight corresponding to its severity. This paper introduces an exact sequential analysis procedure for multiple weighted binomial end points; the analysis incorporates a drug's combined benefit and safety profile. It works with a variety of alpha spending functions for continuous, group, or mixed group‐continuous sequential analysis. The binomial probabilities may vary over time and do not need to be knowna priori. The new method was implemented in the freeRSequentialpackage for both one‐ and two‐tailed sequential analysis. An example is given examining myocardial infarction and major bleeding events in patients who initiated non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Waste Xylose Mother Liquor Derived 3 D Graphene‐Like Porous Carbon with Ultrahigh Specific Capacitance and Energy Density for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Lei , Tang Zhi‐Shu
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we developed a simple strategy for preparing three‐dimensional porous carbon from xylose mother liquor for high‐performance supercapacitors. Through simple regulation of activation temperature, the porous carbon prepared under optimized conditions have a perfect honeycombed structure with fewer layers and co‐existing macropores, mesopores and micropores. The product also has high content of self doped hetero‐atoms of O (10.2 at%) and N (0.5 at%). The constructed supercapacitors based on this porous carbon exhibited excellent performance with fantastic specific capacitance of 544 F/g at 0.5 A/g, excellent rate performance of 260 F/g at 20 A/g, as well as long cycle stability of 90.2% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles at 10 A/g in 6 M KOH in three‐electrode systems. Notably, symmetric supercapacitors exhibited energy density of 22.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 448 W kg−1 in the aqueous electrolyte Na2SO4, and a even higher specific energy density of 42.8 Wh kg−1 was achieved at a high power density of 749.8 W kg−1 in the organic electrolyte Et4NBF4.
In Situ Intercalation of Bismuth into 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide Scaffolds for High Capacity and Long Cycle‐Life Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Mengying , Xie Songlin , Tang Chengqiang , Fang Xin , Liao Meng , Wang Lie , Zhao Yang , Wen Yunzhou , Ye Lei , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng
Published: November 2019

Metal anodes, such as zinc and bismuth have been regarded as ideal materials for aqueous batteries due to high gravimetrical capacity, high abundance, low toxicity, and intrinsic safety. However, their translation into practical applications are hindered by the low mass loading (≈1 mg cm−2) of active materials. Here, the multiscale integrated structural engineering of 3D scaffold and active material, i.e., bismuth is in situ intercalated in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wall of network, are reported. Tailoring the rapid charge transport on rGO 3D network and facile access to nano‐ and microscale bismuth, the rGO/Bi hybrid anode shows high utilization efficiency of 91.4% at effective high load density of ≈40 mg cm−2, high areal capacity of 3.51 mAh cm−2 at the current density of 2 mA cm−2 and high reversibility of >10 000 cycles. The resulting Ni‐Bi full battery exhibits high areal capacity of 3.13 mAh cm−2 at the current density of 2 mA cm−2, far outperforming the other counterpart batteries. It represents a general and efficient strategy in enhancing the battery performance by designing hierarchically networked structure.
Base64 encoding and decoding at almost the speed of a memory copy
Authors: Muła Wojciech , Lemire Daniel
Published: November 2019

Many common document formats on the Internet are text‐only such as email (MIME) and the Web (HTML, JavaScript, JSON, and XML). To include images or executable code in these documents, we first encode them as text using base64. Standard base64 encoding uses 64 ASCII characters, ie, both lower and upper case Latin letters, digits and two other symbols. We show how we can encode and decode base64 data at nearly the speed of a memory copy (memcpy) on recent Intel processors, as long as the data does not fit in the first‐level (L1) cache. We use the single‐instruction‐multiple‐data instruction set AVX‐512 available on commodity processors. Our implementation generates several times fewer instructions than previous single‐instruction‐multiple‐data‐accelerated base64 codecs. It is also more versatile, as it can be adapted, even at runtime, to any base64 variant by only changing constants.
Assessing task‐orientation potential in primary science textbooks: Toward a new approach
Authors: Andersen Katja N.
Published: November 2019

Task orientation is currently a prominent concept under discussion in primary school didactics. It focuses on tasks along which pupils acquire competences on distinct levels of competence. The qualitative empirical study TAPSE (Textbook Analysis in Primary Science Education) pursues the question which conception of task orientation is present in current textbooks in primary science education. The study follows two foci: (a) The introduction of a new category system for the analysis of the task‐orientation potential of tasks, based on the further development of existing category systems for analyzing tasks; and (b) the analysis of 994 task statements in science textbooks with respect to the didactic quality of their task orientation. The sample included nine primary science textbooks, four from Germany, and five from Luxembourg. Textbooks were selected from the most frequently sold series in the respective country. All tasks of the textbooks were analyzed deductively and inductively by four coders in three steps: (a) Identifying tasks with task‐oriented potential; (b) itemizing different types of task‐orientation potential; and (c) comparing the textbooks with respect to country‐ and period‐specific manifestations of task orientation. Analysis indicated that (a) there are few tasks which meet the criteria of task orientation; (b) distinct types of task orientation can be generated, among which implicit forms dominate; and (c) differences occur in the characteristics of task orientation between older and newer textbooks as well as between German and Luxembourgish ones. Central points of discussion ensue from this: The need to develop models for social and cognitive activation for tasks, challenges for professional development for teachers, and support for pupils—in particular high achieving heterogenization.
Providing Integrated Total Catch Advice for the Management of Mixed Fisheries with an Eco-viability Approach
Authors: Briton Florence , Macher Claire , Merzeréaud Mathieu , Le Grand Christelle , Fifas Spyros , Thébaud Olivier
Published: November 2019

Well-established single-species approaches are not adapted to the management of mixed fisheries where multiple species are simultaneously caught in unselective fishing operations. In particular, ignoring joint production when setting total allowable catches (TACs) for individual species is likely to lead to over-quota discards or, when discards are not allowed, to lost fishing opportunities. Furthermore, economic and social objectives have been poorly addressed in the design of fisheries harvest strategies, despite being an explicit objective of ecosystem-based fisheries management in many jurisdictions worldwide. We introduce the notion of operating space as the ensemble of reachable, single-species fishing mortality targets, given joint production in a mixed fishery. We then use the concept of eco-viability to identify TAC combinations which simultaneously account for multiple objectives. The approach is applied to the joint management of hake and sole fishing in the Bay of Biscay, also accounting for catches of Norway lobster, European seabass and anglerfish. Results show that fishing at the upper end of the MSY range for sole and slightly above Fmsy for hake can generate gains in terms of long-term economic viability of the fleets without impeding the biological viability of the stocks, nor the incentives for crews to remain in the fishery. We also identify reachable fishing mortality targets in the MSY ranges for these two species, given existing technical interactions.
Interest in Dialogic and Non-Dialogic Teacher Talk Situations in Middle School Science Classroom
Authors: Juuti Kalle , Loukomies Anni , Lavonen Jari
Published: November 2019

Previous research has shown that dialogic teacher talk not only supports students’ understanding but also raises their interest. However, there is little, if any, research on the connection between dialogic talk and student interest in classroom situations. To investigate this connection, we collected video observations and experience sampling data. In total, 87 middle school students aged 14 to 16 participated in the study. Data were collected from the classes of six science teachers, and three lessons were video recorded in each teacher’s classroom. During the lessons, students were asked several times to express their interest in the situation through the experience sampling method (ESM). The measurements took place in situations where the teacher either talked with the students or talked to the whole group of students. The talk situations were categorised as dialogic or non-dialogic, based on the video recording. On a five-point scale of interest, the median value was 3.3 in non-dialogic talk situations and 3.5 in dialogic talk situations. We hypothesised that students’ interest would be higher in dialogic talk situations than in non-dialogic talk situations. The hypothesis was tested with a related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the results supported the hypothesis (Z  =  −  2.62; p  <  0.05). The results suggest that dialogic talk may trigger students’ interest in science learning.
Measuring Neighborhood Order and Disorder: a Rapid Literature Review
Authors: Ndjila Steeve , Lovasi Gina S. , Fry Dustin , Friche Amélia A.
Published: November 2019

Purpose of Review

Neighborhood disorder has received attention as a determinant of health in urban contexts, through pathways that include psychosocial stress, perceived safety, and physical activity. This review provides a summary of data collection methods, descriptive terms, and specific items employed to assess neighborhood disorder/order.

Recent Findings

The proliferation of methods and terminology employed in measuring neighborhood disorder (or neighborhood order) noted over the past two decades has made related studies increasingly difficult to compare. Following a search of peer-reviewed articles published from January 1998 to May 2018, this rapid literature review identified 18 studies that described neighborhood environments, yielding 23 broad terms related to neighborhood disorder/order, and a total of 74 distinct measurable items.

A majority of neighborhood disorder/order measurements were assessed using primary data collection, often relying on resident self-report or investigatory observations conducted in person or using stored images for virtual audits. Items were balanced across signs of order or disorder, and further classification was proposed based on whether items were physically observable and relatively stable over time.
RemoveDEBRIS: An in-orbit demonstration of technologies for the removal of space debris
Authors: Aglietti G.S. , Taylor B. , Fellowes S. , Ainley S. , Tye D. , Cox C. , Zarkesh A. , Mafficini A. , Vinkoff N. , Bashford K. , Salmon T. , Retat I. , Burgess C. , Hall A. , Chabot T. , Kanani K. , Pisseloup A. , Bernal C. , Chaumette F. , Pollini A. , Steyn W.H.
Published: November 2019

The RemoveDEBRIS mission has been the first mission to successfully demonstrate, in-orbit, a series of technologies that can be used for the active removal of space debris. The mission started late in 2014 and was sponsored by a grant from the EC that saw a consortium led by the Surrey Space Centre to develop the mission, from concept to in-orbit demonstrations, that terminated in March 2019. Technologies for the capture of large space debris, like a net and a harpoon, have been successfully tested together with hardware and software to retrieve data on non-cooperative target debris kinematics from observations carried out with on board cameras. The final demonstration consisted of the deployment of a drag-sail to increase the drag of the satellite to accelerate its demise.
Glacial erosion: status and outlook
Authors: Alley R. B. , Cuffey K. M. , Zoet L. K.
Published: November 2019

Glacier-erosion rates range across orders of magnitude, and much of this variation cannot be attributed to basal sliding rates. Subglacial till acts as lubricating ‘fault gouge’ or ‘sawdust’, and must be removed for rapid subglacial bedrock erosion. Such erosion occurs especially where and when moulin-fed streams access the bed and are unconstrained by supercooling or other processes. Streams also may directly erode bedrock, likely with strong time-evolution. Erosion is primarily by quarrying, aided by strong fluctuations in the water system driven by variable surface melt and by subglacial earthquakes. Debris-bed friction significantly affects abrasion, quarrying and general glacier flow. Frost heave drives cirque headwall erosion as winter cold air enters bergschrunds, creating temperature gradients to drive water flow along premelted films to growing ice lenses that fracture rock, and the glacier removes the resulting blocks. Recent subglacial bedrock erosion and sediment flux are in many cases much higher than long-term averages. Over glacial cycles, evolution of glacial-valley form feeds back strongly on erosion and deposition. Most of this is poorly quantified, with parts open to argument. Glacial erosion and interactions are important to tectonic and volcanic processes as well as climate and biogeochemical fluxes, motivating vigorous research.
Health human resources for emergency medicine: a framework for the future
Authors: Sinclair Douglas , Toth Peter , Chochinov Alecs , Foote John , Johnson Kirsten , McEwen Jill , Messenger David , Morris Judy , Pageau Paul , Petrie David , Snider Carolyn
Published: November 2019

In June of 2016, the Collaborative Working Group (CWG) on the Future of Emergency Medicine presented its final report at the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) annual meeting in Quebec City. The CWG report made a number of recommendations concerning physician Human Health Resource (HHR) shortfalls in emergency medicine, specific changes for both the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (FRCPC) and the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CCFP-EM) training programs, HHR needs in rural and remote hospitals, future collaboration of the CCFP-EM and FRCPC programs, and directions for future research. All recommendations were endorsed by CAEP, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC), and the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC). The CWG report was published inCJEMand has served as a basis for ongoing discussion in the emergency medicine community in Canada. The CWG identified an estimated shortfall of 478 emergency physicians in Canada in 2016, rising to 1071 by 2020 and 1518 by 2025 assuming no expansion of EM residency training capacity. In 2017, the CAEP board struck a new committee, The Future of Emergency Medicine in Canada (FEMC), to advocate with appropriate stakeholders to implement the CWG recommendations and to continue with this important work. FEMC led a workshop at CAEP 2018 in Calgary to develop a regional approach to HHR advocacy, recognizing different realities in each province and region. There was wide representation at this workshop and a rich and passionate discussion among those present. This paper represents the output of the workshop and will guide subsequent deliberations by FEMC. FEMC has set the following three goals as we work toward the overarching purpose to improve timely access to high quality emergency care: (1) to define and describe categories of emergency departments (EDs) in Canada, (2) define the full time equivalents required by category of ED in Canada, and (3) recommend the ideal combination of training and certification for emergency physicians in Canada. A fourth goal supports the other three goals: (4) urge further consideration and implementation of the CWG-EM recommendations related to coordination and optimization of the current two training programs. We believe that goals 1 and 2 can largely be accomplished by the CAEP annual meeting in 2020, and goal 3 by the CAEP annual meeting in 2021. Goal 4 is ongoing with both the RCPSC and the CFPC. We urge the EM community across Canada to engage with our committee to support improved access and EM care for all Canadians.
Relationship between employability and turnover intention: The moderating effects of organizational support and career orientation
Authors: Baranchenko Yevhen , Xie Yizhong , Lin Zhibin , Lau Marco Chi Keung , Ma Jie
Published: November 2019

This study examines the impact of employability on turnover intention by differentiating internal and external employability, and considering the possible moderating roles of perceived organizational support (POS) and career orientation. Using a sample of 411 responses to a two-wave questionnaire survey generated from six cities in China, we find that external employability positively influenced turnover intention, but internal employability negatively influenced turnover intention. The results also indicate that POS had a positive moderating effect only on the relationship between external employability and turnover intention. Furthermore, for employees with disengaged career orientation, external employability exerts a strong impact on turnover intention. This study adds to the limited research empirically linking employability and turnover intention, whereas the findings can be used by HRM practitioners to factor in organizational support and career orientation initiatives that improve the retention of employees with high external employability.
Late Miocene (Messinian) Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Carboneras, southeastern Spain
Authors: Cairns Stephen D.
Published: November 2019

Fifteen species of stylasterids from the late Miocene (Messinian) are reported from the Carboneras region of southeastern Spain. Eleven of these species are described as new: Lepidopora fistulosa, Pliobothrus striatus, Pliobothrus nielseni, Distichopora patula, Stylaster (Group A) digitiformis, Stylaster multicavus, Stylaster tuberosus, Conopora forticula, Conopora alloporoides, Crypthelia zibrowii, and Crypthelia ingens. The other four have been identified as species previously described from the Recent fauna. On the basis of bathymetric ranges of similar living stylasterids and other associated fauna, the paleodepth of this fauna is estimated to be from the upper bathyal zone (200–600 m). All fossil stylasterid records, worldwide, are reviewed, resulting in four new combinations and the transfer of one species to the Bryozoa. The species reported herein increase the known number of named fossil stylasterids from 24 to 32 species.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/e9140758-847c-44cb-8223-302cc0a0a14d
Last Frontier Investments: The Case of Alpine Wines
Authors: Masset Philippe , Weisskopf Jean-Philippe , Fauchery Clémentine
Published: November 2019

We identify and examine the performance of frontier investments from 2002 to 2017. Using fine wine as a setting, we find that the trade frequency and value of frontier investments in the form of Alpine wines have increased in recent years, leading to a rise in their prices above inflation rates. We further document that this frontier investment has been favorable in terms of risk-adjusted returns and volatility for investors. We also observe that the inclusion of frontier wines in a financial portfolio is favorable for investors, both in terms of returns and diversification benefits, due to low correlation coefficients. The identification and investment into frontier assets appears beneficial for investors looking for new opportunities. (JEL Classifications: C60, G11, Q11)
Index-based dietary patterns in relation to gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Shihao , Li Yuan , Su Zeqi , Shi Xiaoguang , Johnson Nadia L. , Li Ping , Zhang Yin , Zhang Qi , Wen Lingzi , Li Kexin , Chen Yan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Fei Yutong , Ding Xia
Published: November 2019

Dietary indices are widely used in diet quality measurement, and the index-based dietary patterns are related to gastric cancer risk. To evaluate the relationship between different kinds of index-based dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk, we systematically searched four English-language databases and four Chinese-language databases. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the association between gastric cancer incidence and different types of index-based dietary patterns. The OR and hazard ratios (HR) of gastric cancer incidence were calculated by regression models in case–control studies and prospective cohort studies, respectively. The studies were pooled in the random effects model to calculate the summarised risk estimate of the highest quantile interval of dietary indices, taking the lowest as the referent. The dietary indices included different versions of Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and dietary inflammatory index (DII), healthy eating index, Chinese Food Pagoda score and food index score. The meta-analysis was carried out for studies on MDS and DII. The combined OR of gastric cancer for the highest MDS v. the referent was 0·42 (95 % CI 0·2, 0·86), and the combined HR was 0·89 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·17). The combined OR for DII was 2·11 (95 % CI 1·41, 3·15). Higher Mediterranean dietary pattern consumption might reduce gastric cancer risk, while higher inflammatory diet pattern consumption might increase gastric cancer risk.
THE REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE CLAIMANTS BEFORE THE TRUSTEES FOR THE IRISH FORFEITURES, 1700–1703
Authors: NOLAN FRANCES
Published: November 2019

This article examines the rate and nature of female representation before the board of trustees for the forfeited estates in Ireland, established by the Act of Resumption in 1700. The legislation was introduced by a discontented English parliament to nullify William III's grants of forfeited Irish land, which he awarded after victory over James II in the War of the Two Kings (1689–91). The act's remit extended well beyond the resumption of freehold land, incorporating real property, judgements, securities, obligations, debts, and goods and chattels forfeited by outlawed Jacobites. It was also retroactive, as all parties with a legitimate title to a property that predated 13 February 1689 were entitled to enter a claim. Using a printed list of 3,140 claims submitted to the trustees, this article analyses the commonality of female claimants, considers their economic, social, and marital status, and identifies the legal or equitable basis for their representation before the trustees. In doing so, it examines prenuptial and familial practices in post-Restoration Ireland, underlines the economic importance of marriage and inheritance as means of conveyance, and suggests that women's and female minors’ successful claims provided a number of Catholic families with a lifeline in the early eighteenth century.
LITERACY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL EXPANSION IN PORTUGAL: 1940-62
Authors: Gomes Pedro , Machado Matilde P.
Published: November 2019

In 1940, the Portuguese government approved a massive primary school construction plan that projected a 60 per cent increase in the number of primary schools. Based on the collection of a new dataset, we describe literacy levels in Portugal prior to the plan as well as the plan's strategy regarding the location of schools. We then estimate the causal impact of the increase in the number of schools between 1940 and the early 60s on enrolment and literacy, all at the county level. We conclude the increase in the number of schools was responsible for 80 per cent of the increase in enrolment and 13 per cent of the increase in the literacy rate of the affected cohorts.
Robust Control of Semi-passive Biped Dynamic Locomotion based on a Discrete Control Lyapunov Function
Authors: Liu Chengju , Yang Jing , An Kang , Liu Ming , Chen Qijun
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on robust control of a simplest passive model, which is established on a DCLF (discrete control Lyapunov function) -based control system, and presents gait transition method based on the study of purely passive walker. Firstly, the DCLF is introduced to stabilize walking process between steps exponentially by modulating the length of next step. Next, the swing leg trajectory from mid-stance position to foot-strike can be planned. Then the control law is calculated to resist external disturbance. Besides, an impulse is added just before foot-strike to realize a periodic walking pattern on flat or uphill ground. With walking terrain varying, the robot can transit to an adaptive walking gait in a few steps. With different push or pull disturbances acting on hip joint and the robot gait transiting on a continuously slope-changing downhill, the effectiveness of the presented DCLF-based method is verified using simulation experiments. The ability to walk on a changing environment is also presented by simulation results. The insights of this paper can help to develop a robust control method and adaptive walking of dynamic passive locomotion robots.
ODONTOSTEMMA BALFOURIANA COMB. NOV., A NEGLECTED SPECIES FROM THE INDIAN HIMALAYA, AND RESURRECTION OF STELLARIA DEPAUPERATA EDGEW.
Authors: Chandra S. , Rawat D. S. , Rawat D.
Published: November 2019

Odontostemma balfouriana (W.W.Sm.) Satish Chandra & D.S.Rawat is recorded here as a new record for the flora of India. Surprisingly, the species (previously known as Arenaria balfouriana W.W.Sm.) was erroneously considered to be a synonym of Stellaria depauperata Edgew. After examining protologues, fresh specimens and herbarium specimens housed in BSD, CAL and DD, the authors have resolved this taxonomic confusion and provided a new combination and lectotype for Arenaria balfouriana. Additionally, Stellaria depauperata, illegitimately combined under Arenaria, is resurrected and recognised as a distinct species.
A NEW SECTION (BEGONIA SECT. FLOCCIFERAE SECT. NOV.) AND TWO NEW SPECIES IN BEGONIACEAE FROM THE WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA
Authors: Krishna N. , Britto S. J. , Thomas S. , Mani B. , Pradeep A. K. , Jithin K. V.
Published: November 2019

Two new species, Begonia bracteolata and Begonia keralensis, are described from the Western Ghats of India. They are placed in the newly created Begonia sect. Flocciferae, along with B. albo-coccinea Hook. and B. floccifera Bedd. Lectotypes are designated for three names within this section. Colour photoplates, illustrations and an identification key to Begonia sect. Flocciferae are also provided.
ONE EMU FISCAL POLICY FOR THE EURO
Authors: Cole Alexandre Lucas , Guerello Chiara , Traficante Guido
Published: November 2019

We build a two-country New-Keynesian DSGE model of a Currency Union to study the effects of fiscal policy coordination, by evaluating the stabilization properties and welfare implications of different fiscal policy scenarios. Our main findings are that a government spending rule which targets the net exports gap rather than the domestic output gap produces more stable dynamics and that consolidating government budget constraints across countries with symmetric tax rate movements provides greater stabilization. A key role is played by the trade elasticity which determines the impact of the terms of trade on net exports. In fact, when goods are complements, the stabilization properties of coordinating fiscal policies are no longer supported. These findings point out to possible policy prescriptions for the Euro Area: to coordinate fiscal policies by reducing international demand imbalances, either by stabilizing trade flows across countries or by creating some form of Fiscal Union or both.
Bona Fama Defunctiin Kant’sRechtslehre: Some Perspectives
Authors: Mertens Thomas
Published: November 2019

Although Kant’s final work in moral philosophy,Die Metaphysik der Sitten, currently attracts much scholarly attention, there is still a lot to explore. This article is an attempt to get to grips with a particular, often neglected passage of theRechtslehre, namely §35. Here Kant defends the view that not only can a person’s good reputation can be tarnished after his death, but also that this constitutes a violation of this dead person’s property. Here I will not be able to fully clarify what Kant means when he holds that persons can be harmed after their death, but I will put Kant’s view in a few perspectives.
Neo-Kantian Cosmopolitanism and International Law: Modest Practicality?
Authors: Sutch Peter
Published: November 2019

This article explores the practical approach to global justice advocated by the cosmopolitan political theorists Pogge, Beitz and Buchanan. Using a comparative exposition it outlines their reliance on international law and on human rights law in particular. The essay explores the neo-Kantian influence on the practical approach and offers an original critique of this trend in contemporary international political theory.
Circularly polarized ACPW Fed CRLH-TL based ZOR antenna with band notch characteristics
Authors: Ghosh Kalyanbrata , Das Sushrut
Published: November 2019

In this paper, two asymmetric co-planar waveguide (ACPW) fed circularly polarized (CP) zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) antennas (Antenna I and II) are presented using a composite right and left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) approach. By adding a stub on the left side of the ACPW ground and adjusting its length, circularly polarization property has been achieved in Antenna I. The simulated 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of Antenna I is 1750 MHz (3.50–5.25 GHz). Next, the left side ground plane of Antenna I is further defected by etching a quarter wavelength slit to introduce a notch band (Antenna II). Antenna II has an extended 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 2200 MHz (3.28–5.48 GHz) with a band notch from 4.18–4.65 GHz that isolates the WiMAX and 5.2 GHz WLAN bands. ARBWs of 1080 and 870 MHz are achieved in the first and second band of Antenna II. The overlapping 3 dB ARBW and 10 dB return loss bandwidths of Antenna II in these two bands are 770 and 830 MHz, respectively.