bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Not all my friends are friends”: Audience‐group‐based nudges for managing location privacy
Authors: Ghosh Isha , Singh Vivek
Published: October 2021

The popularity of location‐based features in social networks has been increasing over the past few years. Location information gathered from social networks can threaten users' information privacy through granular tracking and exposure of their preferences, behaviors, and identity. In this 6‐week study (N = 35), we investigate the effect of “audience‐group”‐based interventions on Facebook check‐in behavior of participants. These “audience‐group”‐based nudges help close the gap between the users' perceived audiences and those that are permitted to view their check‐ins. The nudges remind users that their real‐time location information may be visible to a larger group of friends than they expect. Based on both quantitative and qualitative data analyses, we report that reminding users of the unexpected audiences that have access to their location check‐ins could be a promising way to help users manage their privacy in online location sharing. These findings motivate several recommendations for app designers as well as information privacy researchers to better design and evaluate location sharing in online social networks.
Unified framework for early stage status prediction of autism based on infant structural magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gao Kun , Sun Yue , Niu Sijie , Wang Li
Published: October 2021

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a developmental disability that is diagnosed at about 2 years of age based on abnormal behaviors. Existing neuroimaging‐based methods for the prediction of ASD typically focus on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); however, most of these fMRI‐based studies include subjects older than 5 years of age. Due to challenges in the application of fMRI for infants, structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) has increasingly received attention in the field for early status prediction of ASD. In this study, we propose an automated prediction framework based on infant sMRI at about 24 months of age. Specifically, by leveraging an infant‐dedicated pipeline, iBEAT V2.0 Cloud, we derived segmentation and parcellation maps from infant sMRI. We employed a convolutional neural network to extract features from pairwise maps and a Siamese network to distinguish whether paired subjects were from the same or different classes. As compared to T1w imaging without segmentation and parcellation maps, our proposed approach with segmentation and parcellation maps yielded greater sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ASD prediction, which was validated using two datasets with different imaging protocols/scanners and was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Furthermore, comparison with state‐of‐the‐art methods demonstrated the superior effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Finally, attention maps were generated to identify subject‐specific autism effects, supporting the reasonability of the predictive results. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of our unified framework for the early‐stage status prediction of ASD by sMRI.

Lay Summary

The status prediction of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at an early age is highly desirable, as early intervention may significantly reduce autism symptoms. However, current methods for diagnosing young children are limited to behavioral assays. In this study, we propose an automated method for ASD status prediction at the age of 24 months that uses infant structural magnetic resonance imaging to identify neural features.
Rapid, multiplexed detection of the let‐7miRNA family using γPNA amphiphiles in micelle‐tagging electrophoresis
Authors: Goldman Johnathan M. , Kim Soyoung , Narburgh Sarah , Armitage Bruce A. , Schneider James W.
Published: October 2021

miRNA is a promising class of biomarkers whose levels can be assayed to detect various forms of cancer and other serious diseases. These short, noncoding nucleic acids are difficult to detect due to their low abundance and the marginal stability of their duplexes with DNA probes. In addition, miRNAs within the same family have high sequence homology, and often, related miRNA differ in sequence by only a single base. In this report, we demonstrate an independent detection seven members of the let‐7 family of miRNA in a single run. Key to success is the use of mini‐PEG‐substituted PNA amphiphiles (γPNAA) and highly fluorescent DNA nanotags in micelle tagging electrophoresis (MTE). Multiplexed detection is accomplished in capillary electrophoresis (CE) using oligomeric nanotags of pre‐programmed lengths where the presence of a specific miRNA links its nanotag to a micelle drag‐tag, which shifts the nanotag elution time to a defined region for detection. We further demonstrate that the peak shape and elution time are unaffected by the presence of up to 10 mg/ml of serum protein in the sample, with a total runtime of less than 4 min and a LOD of 10–100 pM. We discuss efforts to substantially decrease the detection limit using nanotags that are >1000 bp in length.
Trust and opportunism in the competitiveness of small‐scale timber businesses based on innovation and marketing capabilities
Authors: Jardon Carlos M. , Martinez‐Cobas Xavier
Published: October 2021

Subsistence markets are characterized by being composed of economic agents with low levels of education, marketing and management skills, and income. There are common in developing countries. Promote entrepreneurship in these markets is a strategy to reduce poverty, contributing to sustainable development goals. Small‐scale timber businesses (SSTB) in Misiones (Argentine) work in these markets. Innovation and marketing capabilities in SSTB are important factors in the growth of such businesses. Internal trust is a potential factor that could increase the effect of these capabilities, possibly limited by opportunism. This paper analyses marketing and innovation capabilities in SSTB, examining the possible moderating effect of trust (or opportunism) in the process of generating performance from these capabilities, using partial least squares with data of timber businesses in Misiones (Argentine). The findings indicate that SSTB present innovation and marketing capabilities that generate competitiveness, but the interactive influence of trust on the impact of these capabilities on performance is either neglected or negative, suggesting certain opportunism.
Market entry for wind energy: Strategic approaches for the original equipment manufacturer
Authors: Zwarteveen Jan Willem , Zawwar Imran , Angus Andrew
Published: October 2021

Wind energy is a valuable resource, but many developing and emerging economies (DEEs) are not utilizing the tremendous wind capacity available to them. This means there is a potential for wind turbine original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to penetrate new markets to increase profits, and to contribute to Sustainable Development Goals. This article explores the potential triggers for wind energy diffusion and provides the basis for inclusive market entry strategies for wind power OEMs. Indications are that early wind energy path creation is driven by climate adaptation, vested interests in fossil fuels and hydropower, and the business case potential. A negative business case potential in many DEEs formed a substantial barrier. A shift to increased local value creation, collaboration with traditional power producers, and promoting wind for climate adaptation are key novel inclusive market entry strategies to open and develop new markets.
Counselling and reconciliation practices among the Oromo community
Authors: Abeshu Getachew , Urgessa Dinaol
Published: October 2021

The topics of counselling and reconciliation seem controversial in developing countries because of their intrigued relationship. Likewise, the goal and processes are in question across cultures. In this study, qualitative research approach employing a case study method was carried out with deliberately selected elder counsellors in the Oromo community. Data were gathered using interviews and observations in the field. The results indicated that reconciliation is concurrently practised with counselling, which is the most important instrument to manage differences and to calm everyone involved. It serves to maintain peace and stability between conflicting groups and kinship; saves lives and prevents destruction of property; assists in progressing community rules and regulations; and supports family challenges. The research also identified that processes, tools of operation and time to conduct vary between communities. In conclusion, the goal of counselling and reconciliation is to retain peace and stability through thorough discussion, self‐evaluation and redeeming processes. Equally, pre‐ and post‐counselling sessions in reconciliation are useful approaches cohesive with reality and truth‐seeking behaviours to settle disputes in the community.
Prepare to implement an effective NIL education plan for your student‐athletes, staff, and others
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2021

Now that new laws, rules, and regulations allow your student‐athletes to take advantage of name, image, and likeness opportunities, it's time for your athletics department to implement NIL education. To help you develop effective education initiatives for your student‐athletes and their families, as well as your coaches and staff, you'll want to review this guidance offered by members of the College Athletics and the Law Advisory Board.
Lifelong learning, adapting play key rolesin managing ongoing changes with limited resources
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2021

Like most college athletics administrators, Reneè Bostic is focused on successfully leading her student‐athletes   and staff to recover from the challenges presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although limited resources and finances have long plagued many smaller college athletics departments, that's never been more universal than today, she said. “If they didn't have budget challenges before, now they do,” said Bostic, speaking from experience. She's worked in various roles in college athletics for 24 years, before stepping into her most recent role as the Director of Athletics, Wellness, and Recreation at SUNY New Paltz. While serving in her previous role as Director of Athletics and Wellness at Notre Dame of Maryland University since 2018, Bostic received the 2020–21 NACDA AD of the Year Award for Division III.
Evaluation of Pomelo Seed Extracts as Natural Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Herbicidal Agents, and Their Functional Components
Authors: Ling Wei , Dai Tingrui , Zhang Jingyi , Liang Yan , Yin Wenyue , Zhong Balian , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2021

Pomelo seeds (PS) are important by‐product of pomelo fruits (Citrus grandis Osbeck). The value‐added utilization of PS remains highly challenged. This study aimed to investigate the utilization potential of PS as natural antioxidant, antibacterial, herbicidal agents, and their functional components. The ethanolic extract (EE) of PS and its four fractions as PEE (petroleum ether extract), AcOEtE (ethyl acetate extract), BTE (butanol extract), and WE (water extract), were prepared and biologically evaluated. BTE exhibited the best antioxidant activity among all these extracts, in both ABTS (2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. AcOEtE was superior to other extracts in herbicidal assay against both Festuca elata Keng (IC50 of 0.48 mg mL−1) and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (IC50 of 0.94 mg mL−1). Meanwhile, both AcOEtE and BTE demonstrated inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, with MIC ranging 2.5–5.0 mg mL−1. Furthermore, the primary chemical components involving naringin, deacetylnomilin, limonin, nomilin, and obacunone, were quantified in all these extracts. PCA (principal component analysis) suggested that naringin might highly contribute to the antioxidant activity of PS, and the herbicidal activity should be ascribed to limonoids. This study successfully identified AcOEtE and BTE as naturally occurring antioxidant, antibacterial, and herbicidal agents, showing application potential in food and cosmetics industries, and organic farming agriculture.
Colesevelam‐induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pavlou Panagiotis , Koutroukas Vaios , Lissett Catherine , Smith Jamie C.
Published: October 2021

Colesevelam possesses antidiabetic properties, which could potentiate sulphonylurea or insulin‐induced hypoglycemia; clinically significant hypoglycemia, as a side effect to bile acid sequestrants, may be under‐recognized in clinical practice.
Diagnostic significance of fat globules in blood in fulminant‐type fat embolism syndrome
Authors: Asakage Ayu , Fujisawa Michiko , Takei Tetsuhiro , Kumagai Jiro
Published: October 2021

Fat globule detection in the blood in fat embolism syndrome (FES) diagnosis remains controversial. This case illustrates two life‐threatening, possibly FES‐related, episodes with dramatic increases in blood fat globule level. Future studies should aim at evaluating the significance of the quantitative changes in blood fat levels in diagnosing FES.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: Is vascular reconstruction always necessary?
Authors: Kardoun Nizar , Bouzid Ahmed , Trigui Ayman , Rejab Haithem , Mohamed BenAmar , Rafik Mzali
Published: October 2021

Both MRI and CT scan can determine tumor size and its extension. PLV have a poor prognosis if surgical resection cannot be achieved. We recommend no reconstruction for type II PLV if venous contact is less than 180° or where the implantation base does not exceed one third of the vena cava.
Extraoral exanthem revealing Gianotti‐Crosti syndrome in a young child: A case report
Authors: Besbes Amira , Korbi Mouna , Besbes Faten , Elelmi Yamina
Published: October 2021

We reported a case of a 14‐month‐old girl with erythematous and papulovesicular pink to red lesions on the face, the upper and the lower limbs. The history and the morphological features confirmed the diagnosis of Gianotti‐Crosti syndrome.
Metastatic and locally aggressive BCC: Current treatment options
Authors: Casey Máire‐Caitlín , Pollock Roisín , Enright Rachel H , O'Neill James Paul , Shine Neville , Sullivan Paul , Martin Fiachra T , O'Sullivan Barry
Published: October 2021

The treatment of locally advanced and metastatic BCC presents a significant clinical challenge. Treatment options have evolved recently to include the use of hedgehog inhibitors Vismodigib and Sonidigib and immunotherapy with Cemiplimab.
Vesiculobullous disease with Cutaneous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated by Rituximab: A case report
Authors: Mohammed Niamat Alla Wigdan , Mohamed Ali Ahmed Burhan , Adam Essa Mohammed Elmujtba , Abdalla Babker Atif Elhadi , Mohammed Elagib Elnour
Published: October 2021

Vesiculobullous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are a rare cutaneous manifestation of cutaneous and/or systemic LE with variable presentation. The diagnosis of SLE‐associated vesiculobullous diseases remains challenging, due to the poorly defined similarities and nosology in immunohistopathological and clinical and features.
Transient osteoporosis of the hip: Physicians the occupation of at risk
Authors: Fattah Abolfazl , Abounoori Mahdi
Published: October 2021

Physicians are the occupation at risk for Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip. Therefore, sudden hip pain in them should be further evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment may help avoid further injury and speed up healing.
Pediatric intraosseous cranial myxoma: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Howser Lauren A. , Ye Michael J. , Boham Sampson , Fan Rong , Nelson Rick F.
Published: October 2021

While intraosseous cranial myxoma is a rare pathology, it is important for providers to be aware of it, as early diagnosis and treatment is imperative for prognosis. Long‐term follow‐up is needed as high rates of recurrence have been documented.
Host‐Guest Systems on the Surface of Functionalized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Utilizing Hamilton Receptors and Cyanurate Derivative Molecules
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Kataev Evgeny , Müller Johannes , Park Hyoungwon , Halik Marcus , Hirsch Andreas
Published: October 2021

The study of hydrogen bonding interactions at the level of functionalized nanoparticles remains highly challenging and poorly explored area. In this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were orthogonally functionalized using receptors bearing multiple hydrogen bonding motifs. Pristine SPIONs were modified by wet chemical processes with Hamilton receptors (hosts), or cyanurate‐guest molecules linked to phosphonic acid moieties for monolayer functionalization. The modified surfaces were fully characterized and the number of attached ligands on the surface were determined. The host‐guest interactions on the interface of modified SPIONs were investigated by using UV‐Vis spectroscopic titrations. Functionalized SPIONs demonstrated two to three magnitudes stronger binding affinities as compared to the related molecular interactions in solution due to synergistic effects on complex surface environment. Higher supramolecular binding ratios of host‐guest interactions on the modified surface were emerged. These studies provide fundamental insights into supramolecular complexations on the surface at solid‐liquid interface systems with applications in engineered nanomaterials, nano‐sensing devices, and drug delivery systems.
Efficient preparation of (R)‐2‐(2,5‐difluorophenyl)pyrrolidine via a recycle process of resolution
Authors: Lv Xunlei , Chen Liang , Pan Jing , Meng Xue , Bi Siju , Liu Weiyuan , Zhou Ting , Lin Kuaile , Ye Deyong , Zhou Weicheng
Published: October 2021

An efficient preparation of (R)‐2‐(2,5‐difluorophenyl)pyrrolidine ((R)‐1) from the racemate based on a recycle process of resolution/racemization was described. In the process, the desired (R)‐1 was obtained by resolution with D‐malic acid in 95% EtOH. Meanwhile, the undesired (S)‐1 could be racemized in the presence of potassium hydroxide in DMSO. After three times of recycle process, the desired freebase (R)‐1 was obtained in a yield of 61.7% with excellent ee (98.4%).
Color appearance of color chips under light‐emitting diode lamps
Authors: Chitapanya Phubet , Phuangsuwan Chanprapha , Ikeda Mitsuo
Published: October 2021

Many kinds of research have been undertaken on color constancy under various illuminations; however, not many people have studied this domain in the context of vivid colored light. In this article, 23 color chips were assessed using the elementary color‐naming method under 13 RGB‐LED illuminations of six hues as red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and magenta. A total of 100 subjects participated in the study and reported that color chips of cyan, yellow, and green light were not good as compared to the others. This article also proposes an elementary color‐naming method as an alternative way to study and calculate color constancy index using the two rooms technique as extending experiment booth to get the color appearance of the color chip without adapting to the colored illumination. Our results suggested individual color appearance performance for each colored light which yellow, cyan, and green are not recommended as shown by poor area ratio and color constancy index.
Botnet attack detection in Internet of Things devices over cloud environment via machine learning
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Kumar Kamlesh , Laghari Asif Ali , Saeed Umair , Rind Muhammad Malook , Shaikh Aftab Ahmed , Hussain Fahad , Rai Athaul , Qazi Abdul Qayoom
Published: October 2021

With the arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) many devices such as sensors, nowadays can communicate with each other and share data easily. However, the IoT paradigm is prone to security concerns as many attackers try to hit the network and make it vulnerable. In this scenario, security concerns are the most important and to address them various models have been designed to overcome these security issues, but still there exist many emerging variants of botnet attacks such as Mirai, Persirai, and Bashlite that exploits the security breaches. This research article aims to investigate cyber security in the advent of B‐IDS, DDOS, and malware attacks. For this purpose, different machine learning algorithms, namely, support vector machine, naive Bayes, linear regression, artificial neural network, decision tree, random forest, the fuzzy classifier, K‐nearest neighbor, adaptive boosting, gradient boosting, and tree ensemble have been implemented for botnet attack detection. For performance measures, these algorithms have been tested on nine sensor devices over N‐BaIoT datasets to measure the security and accuracy of the intrusion detection system. The results show that the tree‐based algorithm achieved more than 99% accuracy which is quite higher as compared to other tested methods on the same sensor devices.
Effect of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Esomeprazole on the Systemic Exposure of Capecitabine: Results of A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: van Doorn Leni , Heersche Niels , de Man Femke M. , de Bruijn Peter , Bijl Ivo , Oomen‐de Hoop Esther , Eskens Ferry A. L. M. , van der Gaast Ate , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Bins Sander
Published: October 2021

Retrospective data suggest that gastric acid reduction by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) impairs the dissolution and subsequent absorption of capecitabine, and thus potentially reduces the capecitabine exposure. Therefore, we examined prospectively the effect of esomeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of capecitabine. In this randomized crossover study, patients with cancer were assigned to 2 sequence groups, each consisting of 3 phases: capecitabine with esomeprazole administration 3 hours before (phase A), capecitabine alone (phase B), and capecitabine concomitant with cola and esomeprazole co‐administration 3 hours before (phase C). The primary end point was the relative difference (RD) in exposure to capecitabine assessed by the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0‐inf) and analyzed by a linear mixed effect model. Twenty‐two evaluable patients were included in the analysis. After esomeprazole, there was a 18.9% increase in AUC0‐inf of capecitabine (95% confidence interval (CI) −10.0% to 57.0%, P = 0.36). In addition, capecitabine half‐life was significantly longer after esomeprazole (median 0.63 hours vs. 0.46 hours, P = 0.005). Concomitant cola did not completely reverse the effects observed after esomeprazole (RD 3.3% (95% CI −16.3 to 27.4%, P = 1.00). Capecitabine exposure is not negatively influenced by esomeprazole cotreatment. Therefore, altered capecitabine pharmacokinetics do not explain the assumed worse clinical outcome of PPI‐cotreated patients with cancer.
Whole Body PBPK Modeling of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites to Aid in Estimating Active Metabolite Exposure in the Lung and Liver in Patients With Organ Dysfunction
Authors: Fan Jianghong , Yang Yuching , Grimstein Manuela , Zhang Xinyuan , Kitabi Eliford , Earp Justin C , Arya Vikram , Reynolds Kellie S , Zhu Hao , Wang Yaning
Published: October 2021

Remdesivir (RDV) is the first drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in certain patients requiring hospitalization. As a nucleoside analogue prodrug, RDV undergoes intracellular multistep activation to form its pharmacologically active species, GS‐443902, which is not detectable in the plasma. A question arises that whether the observed plasma exposure of RDV and its metabolites would correlate with or be informative about the exposure of GS‐443902 in tissues. A whole body physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation approach was utilized to elucidate the disposition mechanism of RDV and its metabolites in the lungs and liver and explore the relationship between plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics (PK) of RDV and its metabolites in healthy subjects. In addition, the potential alteration of plasma and tissue PK of RDV and its metabolites in patients with organ dysfunction was explored. Our simulation results indicated that intracellular exposure of GS‐443902 was decreased in the liver and increased in the lungs in subjects with hepatic impairment relative to the subjects with normal liver function. In subjects with severe renal impairment, the exposure of GS‐443902 in the liver was slightly increased, whereas the lung exposure of GS‐443902 was not impacted. These predictions along with the organ impairment study results may be used to support decision making regarding the RDV dosage adjustment in these patient subgroups. The modeling exercise illustrated the potential of whole body PBPK modeling to aid in decision making for nucleotide analogue prodrugs, particularly when the active metabolite exposure in the target tissues is not available.
Triple‐phase Boundary in Anion‐Exchange Membrane Reactor Enables Selective Electrosynthesis of Aldehyde from Primary Alcohol
Authors: Ido Yuto , Fukazawa Atsushi , Furutani Yuka , Sato Yasushi , Shida Naoki , Atobe Mahito
Published: October 2021

Oxidation of primary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde remains a significant challenge, even with the state‐of‐the‐art chemistry. Here, a novel electrochemical system was developed for the exclusive production of aldehyde from primary alcohol using an anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) reactor. Oxidation proceeded on a gold catalyst under basic conditions, which largely enhanced the reaction rate. Despite the basic nature around the reaction sites, the oxidation of primary alcohols exclusively yielded the corresponding aldehyde, which was attributed to the unique three‐phase interfacial reaction sites in the AEM reactor. In addition to benzyl alcohol, the oxidation of allylic and aliphatic alcohols was also demonstrated. Comparison of constant potential electrolysis with the AEM reactor or a conventional batch‐type cell revealed the crucial role of the triple‐phase boundary for the selectivity of the oxidation of alcohol.
Development and analysis of three‐coil wireless charging system for electric vehicles
Authors: Kamalapathi Kuditi , Srinivasa Panugothu , Kumar Tyagi Vipul
Published: October 2021

Wireless charger has become a potential solution for charging electric vehicles (EVs) due to its intrinsic convenience and further scope of countering range anxiety issue. However, ground clearance of the EVs varies with the vehicle type, manufacturer, and so on, which reduces the power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to load (PDL) by the wireless charger. To overcome these limitations, this paper focused to revamp the design of a three‐coil wireless charging system through optimized size and position of intermediate coil (InC). Further, the system is tested for different loads at different input voltages, misalignment conditions, and distances for 100‐kHz frequency and compared with a two‐coil system under the same conditions. Angular misalignment of InC near the transmitter coil (TxC) (50‐mm gap) showed increased efficiency compared to other misalignment conditions. Three‐coil system results at different distances of InC from TxC showed that the maximum efficiency region shifted to different loads. Maximum efficiency for designed three‐coil was achieved when the InC was placed in the center between the TxC and RxC. Maximum efficiency for power transfer distance (D) of 150 and 200 mm obtained are 76% and 70% for 25Ω and 35Ω.
Imaging flow cytometry reveals a subset of TdT negative T‐ALL blasts with very low forward scatter on conventional flow cytometry
Authors: Rosenberg Carina A. , Bill Marie , Maguire Orla , Petersen Marianne A. , Kjeldsen Eigil , Hokland Peter , Ludvigsen Maja
Published: October 2021

Background

Studies in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) have shown that leukemic blast populations may display immunophenotypic heterogeneity. In the clinical setting, evaluation of measurable residual disease during treatment and follow‐up is highly dependent on knowledge of the diversity of blast subsets. Here, we set out to evaluate whether variation in expression of the blast marker, TdT, in T‐ALL blasts could correspond to differences in morphometric features.

Methods

We investigated diagnostic bone marrow samples from six individual T‐ALL patients run in parallel on imaging flow cytometry (IFC) and conventional flow cytometry (CFC).

Results

Guided by the imagery available in IFC, we identified distinct TdTneg and TdTpos subpopulations with apparent differences in internal complexity. As TdTneg blasts predominantly displayed very low forward scatter (FSC) on CFC, these subsets were initially excluded from routine analysis as debris, elements of small diameter, apoptotic, and/or dead cells. However, IFC‐based morphometric analyses demonstrated that cell size and shape of TdTneg blasts were comparable to the TdTpos cells and without morphometric apoptotic hallmarks, supporting that the TdTneg subpopulation corresponded to T‐ALL blasts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses substantiated the clinical relevance of TdTnegFSCvery‐low cells by retrieving known diagnostic cytogenetic abnormalities at comparable frequencies in purified TdTnegFSCvery‐low and TdTposFSCint subsets.

Conclusion

We highlight this finding as knowledge of phenotypic heterogeneity is of crucial importance in the clinical setting for delineation and quantification of blast subpopulations of potential biological relevance. We argue that the IFC imagery may allow for visual verification and improvement of applied gating strategies.
In vitro metabolic profile of mexedrone, a mephedrone analog, studied by high‐ and low‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Camuto Cristian , Guglielmelli Angelica , De‐Giorgio Fabio , de la Torre Xavier , Mazzarino Monica , Marti Matteo , Botrè Francesco
Published: October 2021

Mexedrone is a synthetic cathinone structurally related to mephedrone, which belongs to the class of N‐alkyl cathinone derivatives, whose metabolic profile has not been fully clarified yet. This study considers the in vitro phase I metabolism of mexedrone, to pre‐select the most appropriate marker(s) of intake. Mexedrone was incubated in the presence of either human liver microsomes or single recombinant CYP450 isoforms. The metabolic profile was outlined by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to both high‐ and low‐resolution mass spectrometry. In detail, the phase I metabolic profile of mexedrone was initially defined by a time‐of‐flight analyzer, while the chemical structures of the detected metabolites and the potential presence of minor metabolites were subsequently studied by tandem mass spectrometry, using a triple quadrupole analyzer. The main phase I metabolic reactions were hydroxylation and N‐ and O‐dealkylation. The CYP450 isoforms most involved were CYP2C19, responsible for the formation of both hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites, followed by CYP2D6 and CYP1A2, involved in the hydroxylation reactions only. Finally, a significant fraction of mexedrone unchanged was also detected. Based on this evidence, the most appropriate markers of intake are mexedrone unchanged and the hydroxylated metabolites.
Understanding Australian methylamphetamine drug markets through relational, temporal and spatial analyses
Authors: Popovic Ana , Morelato Marie , Baechler Simon , De Grazia Adrian , Tahtouh Mark , Roux Claude , Beavis Alison
Published: October 2021

In the area of illicit drugs, forensic case data have proven effective at detecting links between seizures and providing greater insights into illicit drug markets. This research explored the application of mathematical and statistical techniques to several chemical profiles of Australian methylamphetamine seizures. The main aim was to create and deliver a method that would expand the use of illicit drug profiling for strategic intelligence purposes, contributing to the fight against illicit drug trafficking. The use of comparison metrics and clustering analysis to determine links between existing illicit drug specimens and subsequent new specimens was evaluated and automated. Relational, temporal and spatial analyses were subsequently used to gain an insight into illicit drug markets. Relational analysis identified clusters of seizures central to the network. Temporal analysis then provided insights into the behaviour of distribution markets, specifically the emergence and extinction of certain clusters of seizures over time. Spatial analysis aided the understanding of the inter‐jurisdictional nature of illicit drug markets. These analyses allowed for the generation of strategic intelligence relating to when and where the Australian methylamphetamine illicit drug market was the most active. Additionally, the strategic level trends identified clusters of seizures that were worth investigating further. These clusters were explored through a case study, which exploited additional chemical profiling data to provide drug market knowledge at an operational level. In turn, the intelligence produced at various levels could allow relevant law enforcement agencies to take necessary measures in disrupting markets.
Discrete‐space continuous‐time models of marine mammal exposure to Navy sonar
Authors: Jones‐Todd Charlotte M. , Pirotta Enrico , Durban John W. , Claridge Diane E. , Baird Robin W. , Falcone Erin A. , Schorr Gregory S. , Watwood Stephanie , Thomas Len
Published: October 2021

Assessing the patterns of wildlife attendance to specific areas is relevant across many fundamental and applied ecological studies, particularly when animals are at risk of being exposed to stressors within or outside the boundaries of those areas. Marine mammals are increasingly being exposed to human activities that may cause behavioral and physiological changes, including military exercises using active sonars. Assessment of the population‐level consequences of anthropogenic disturbance requires robust and efficient tools to quantify the levels of aggregate exposure for individuals in a population over biologically relevant time frames. We propose a discrete‐space, continuous‐time approach to estimate individual transition rates across the boundaries of an area of interest, informed by telemetry data collected with uncertainty. The approach allows inferring the effect of stressors on transition rates, the progressive return to baseline movement patterns, and any difference among individuals. We apply the modeling framework to telemetry data from Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) tagged in the Bahamas at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), an area used by the U.S. Navy for fleet readiness training. We show that transition rates changed as a result of exposure to sonar exercises in the area, reflecting an avoidance response. Our approach supports the assessment of the aggregate exposure of individuals to sonar and the resulting population‐level consequences. The approach has potential applications across many applied and fundamental problems where telemetry data are used to characterize animal occurrence within specific areas.
The data‐index: An author‐level metric that values impactful data and incentivizes data sharing
Authors: Hood Amelia S. C. , Sutherland William J.
Published: October 2021

Author‐level metrics are a widely used measure of scientific success. The h‐index and its variants measure publication output (number of publications) and research impact (number of citations). They are often used to influence decisions, such as allocating funding or jobs. Here, we argue that the emphasis on publication output and impact hinders scientific progress in the fields of ecology and evolution because it disincentivizes two fundamental practices: generating impactful (and therefore often long‐term) datasets and sharing data. We describe a new author‐level metric, the data‐index, which values both dataset output (number of datasets) and impact (number of data‐index citations), so promotes generating and sharing data as a result. We discuss how it could be implemented and provide user guidelines. The data‐index is designed to complement other metrics of scientific success, as scientific contributions are diverse and our value system should reflect that both for the benefit of scientific progress and to create a value system that is more equitable, diverse, and inclusive. Future work should focus on promoting other scientific contributions, such as communicating science, informing policy, mentoring other scientists, and providing open‐access code and tools.
Evolutionary and plastic variation in larval growth and digestion reveal the complex underpinnings of size and age at maturation in dung beetles
Authors: Rohner Patrick T. , Moczek Armin P.
Published: October 2021

Age and size at maturity are key life‐history components, yet the proximate underpinnings that mediate intra‐ and interspecific variation in life history remain poorly understood. We studied the proximate underpinnings of species differences and nutritionally plastic variation in adult size and development time in four species of dung beetles. Specifically, we investigated how variation in insect growth mediates adult size variation, tested whether fast juvenile growth trades‐off with developmental stability in adult morphology and quantified plastic responses of digestive systems to variation in food quality. Contrary to the common size–development time trade‐off, the largest species exhibited by far the shortest development time. Correspondingly, species diverged strongly in the shape of growth trajectories. Nutritionally plastic adjustments to growth were qualitatively similar between species but differed in magnitude. Although we expected rapid growth to induce developmental costs, neither instantaneous growth rates nor the duration of larval growth were related to developmental stability in the adult. This renders the putative costs of rapid growth enigmatic. We further found that larvae that encounter a challenging diet develop a larger midgut and digest more slowly than animals reared on a more nutritious diet. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that larvae invest into a more effective digestive system when exposed to low‐quality nutrition, but suggest that species may diverge readily in their reliance on these mechanisms. More generally, our data highlight the complex, and often hidden, relationships between immature growth and age and size at maturation even in ecologically similar species.
Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
Authors: Hoffmann Jörg , Wahrenberg Tim
Published: October 2021

In the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the cultivation methods on arable land. In relation to SD and C, however, FS and FI may provide important additional information on the functional biodiversity of fields. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of (a) conventional, (b) organic, and (c) smallholder (never application of herbicides) on the floristic diversity. Using a region in Germany, we investigated SD, C, FS, and FI synchronously in (a), (b), and (c), by 356 vegetation surveys (5 × 5 m plots) conducted in spring and summer in 2019 in winter cereals. Statistical tests were used to analyze the differences between (a), (b), and (c). The medians were used to compare the floristic diversity of (a), (b), and (c) and finally relationships of FS and FI to SD were analyzed in relation to the cultivation methods. Significant differences in SD, C, FS, and FI were found between the (a), (b), and (c) in spring and summer characterized by sharp declines from (c) to (b) to (a). A drastic reduction in floristic diversity from (c) 100 to (b) 52 to (a) 3 was determined. Plants in flower (FS, FI) were very poorly in (a), moderately well to well in (b), and well to very well represented in (c). (C) to (a) was characterized by a sharp decline and from (a) to (b) by sharp increase in floristic diversity. With current acreage proportions of (a) in mind, this would affect, about one third of land area in Germany, associated with a drastic reduction in functional biodiversity for insects.
Scavengers reduce potential brucellosis transmission risk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Szcodronski Kimberly E. , Cross Paul C.
Published: October 2021

Scavengers likely play an important role in ecosystem energy flow as well as disease transmission, but whether they facilitate or reduce disease transmission is often unknown. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, scavengers are likely to reduce the transmission and subsequent spread of brucellosis within and between livestock and elk by consuming infectious abortion materials, thereby removing the infectious agent from the landscape. We used remote cameras to monitor the time to removal of simulated abortion materials by scavengers at 264 sites from February to June in 2017 and 2018 and assessed the effects of habitat and land management on time to removal in southwest Montana. Time to removal of fetal materials decreased in grassland habitats ( = 2.9 d, credible interval = [1.8–5.0]) in comparison to sagebrush habitats ( = 5.4 d [3.4–9.3]) and forest habitats ( = 5.2 d [3.3–9.0]). In addition, there was an 88% probability that time to removal of fetal materials was slower at sites where mammalian scavengers were actively reduced ( = 6.5 d [3.4–12.8]) compared to sites with no scavenger reduction ( = 4.1 d [2.3–7.8]). Our research indicates that if elk and livestock are commingling during the brucellosis risk period, there is a 90% probability that abortion materials will be removed by scavengers within 16 d across all sites. Coyotes, red foxes, golden and bald eagles, Corvus spp., and turkey vultures were the dominant scavengers, removing 90% of the fetal materials. Actions to maintain the breadth and diversity of scavengers on the landscape are potential management options that could reduce disease transmission risk to livestock in a system where the wildlife reservoir is difficult to address.
Body composition analysis in patients with acute heart failure: the Scale Heart Failure trial
Authors: De Ieso Fiorangelo , Mutke Markus Reinhold , Brasier Noe Karl , Raichle Christina Janitha , Keller Bettina , Sucker Celine , Abdelhamid Khaled , Bloch Tiziano , Reissenberger Pamela , Schönenberg Ladina , Fischer Sandro Kevin , Saboz Jonas , Weber Nora , Schädelin Sabine , Bruni Nicole , Wright Patrick R. , Eckstein Jens
Published: October 2021

Aims

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether body composition analysis (BCA) derived from bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) could be used to monitor the hydration status of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) during intensified diuretic therapy.

Methods and results

This observational, single‐centre study involved a novel, validated eight‐electrode segmental body composition analyser to perform BCA derived from BIVA with an alternating current of 100 μA at frequencies of 5, 7.5, 50, and 75 kHz. The BCA‐derived and BIVA‐derived parameters were estimated and compared with daily body weight measurements in hospitalized patients with AHF. A total of 867 BCA and BIVA assessments were conducted in 142 patients (56.3% men; age 76.8 ± 10.7 years). Daily changes in total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were significantly associated with changes in body weight in 62.2% and 89.1% of all measurements, respectively (range, ±1 kg). Repeated measures correlation coefficients between weight loss and TBW loss resulted with rho 0.43, P < 0.01, confidence interval (CI) [0.36, 0.50] and rho 0.71, P > 0.01, CI [0.67, 0.75] for ECW loss. Between the first and last assessments, the mean weight loss was −2.5 kg, compared with the −2.6 L mean TBW loss and −1.7 L mean ECW loss. BIVA revealed an increase in mean Resistance R and mean Reactance Xc across all frequencies, with the subsequent reduction in body fluid (including corresponding body weight) between the first and last assessments.

Conclusions

Body composition analysis derived from BIVA with a focus on ECW is a promising approach to detect changes in hydration status in patients undergoing intensified diuretic therapy. Defining personalized BIVA reference values using bioelectrical impedance devices is a promising approach to monitor hydration status.
Right ventricular dominant myocarditis requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator: a case report
Authors: Sato Takanori , Iwahana Togo , Ito Ryo , Kondo Yusuke , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: October 2021

Fulminant myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle that severely deteriorates cardiac function and often causes haemodynamic collapse in a manner similar to acute coronary syndrome. In rare cases, the myocardium of the right ventricle is dominantly damaged. In cases of lymphocytic myocarditis, a common type of fulminant myocarditis, cardiac function is often recovered after peak myocardial inflammation subsides; however, some cases show irreversible myocardial damage. Herein, we report the case of a 43‐year‐old woman with irreversible, right‐side dominant ventricular myocardial damage; she presented with various cardiopulmonary conditions including complete atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, right heart failure, right ventricular thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The patient was successfully treated with medications and a cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator device.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of the Aminoimidazolone Analogues of the Green Fluorescent Protein: Towards Advanced Dyes with Enhanced Stokes Shift, Quantum Yield and Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Kovács Ervin , Cseri Levente , Jancsó Attila , Terényi Ferenc , Fülöp Anna , Rózsa Balázs , Galbács Gábor , Mucsi Zoltán
Published: October 2021

Novel small‐molecular analogues the green fluorescence protein (GFP) chromophore were synthesised to expand and improve this fluorophore family and to deepen the understanding of their fluorescence mechanism. The introduction of an aminophenyl substituent and the repositioning of the hydroxyl group, to enable strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding, not only enhanced fluorescence emission but also resulted in an increased Stokes shift and a considerable redshift. Experimental and computational results described dual fluorescence involving both excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer and internal charge transfer (ESIPT‐ICT) mechanisms. Screening of the pH and the solvent medium revealed a complicated equilibrium involving hydrogen bonding, protonation and deprotonation that influences the absorption and emission spectra. Further improvement of the photophysical properties via the systematic variation of dialkylamino substituents at a single position of the chromophore led to a two‐orders of magnitude enhancement in the quantum yields. In addition, the novel compounds also have significant two‐photon absorption, which widens the possibilities for applications in the field of bioimaging.