bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield And Water Productivity Of Onion (Red Bombay) Under Drip Irrigation And Mulching At Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Authors: Dache Tsegahun
Published: June 2024

Water-saving agricultural counter measures were required to deal with the current water scarcity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate how deficit watering affects onion yield and water productivity when drip irrigation and mulching were used. Factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used to set up the experiment. The experiment was consisted six treatments combinations: Control and two deficit irrigation (100% crop evapotranspiration with and without mulch), two mulch treatments with and without mulch, resulting in a total of 18 plots. The first factor was three different water application levels as 100 %, 80 %, 70 % of crop evapotranspiration and the second factor was three water application levels of with mulch as wheat straw mulch at 4 tons/ha and the third factor was three water application without mulch. The average yield values demonstrated that, in comparison to 70% crop evapotranspiration treatments, 100% crop evapotranspiration and 80% crop evapotranspiration irrigation levels produced greater values of total and marketable yield. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the application of mulch to wheat straw and the absence of mulch treatment significantly affected yields as well. The effects of mulching and irrigation levels on the mean bulb and clove weight of onions were highly significant (P < 0.01). However, there was a noticeable variation in the water productivity values when varying the irrigation application amounts, and applying mulch made of wheat straw, compared to without mulching condition. Based on the research's findings, it may be possible to use 100% crop evapotranspiration to produce onion yields that were comparable to those of full irrigation, and it may be useful to utilize wheat straw mulch to conserve water and increase yield. Consequently, it is possible to draw the conclusion that 100% crop evapotranspiration with straw mulch could address the issue of water scarcity and guarantee the possibility of additional irrigation expansion and agro-ecology in the studied area. Applying 100% crop evapotranspiration with straw mulch irrigation water application level over the whole growing season under drip irrigation system was advised to obtain optimal onion bulb output in locations where water was not scarce.
A comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University.
Authors: Alsamara Mohamad , Kabbani Samar , Alabdallah Hamid Ahmoud , Ghanima Abd Alslam
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge of medical students at Al-Sham Private University regarding diagnosing clinical cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults.
Materials and Methods: A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to medical students of all years. Students were asked to answer the questionnaire, which included questions related to performing basic cardiac resuscitation in adults.
Results: 300 samples were collected and divided into 3 groups. Each group includes two academic years of medicine. The questionnaire included 20 questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the most important details related to it. Descriptive studies of the data indicate that 68% of group 3 underwent a first aid course, while 37% of the group 1 attended first aid training, followed by 34% in group 2, The performance of Group 3 students was better than that of Group 1 and 2 with regard to performing CPR steps
Conclusion: Knowledge of basic CPR in adults was insufficient among almost all first- and second-year medical students included in the study, Mandatory CPR training should be imposed at the university to ensure that students are equipped with the necessary skill
Cold tolerance strategy and lower temperature thresholds of Lycorma delicatula egg masses
Authors: Turbelin Anna J. , Sinclair Brent J. , Rost John , Roe Amanda D.
Published: June 2024

Spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is a planthopper native to China and southeastern Asia invasive in North America. To inform risk assessment of northward spread, we determined cold tolerance strategy and lower lethal limits of overwintering eggs. We used field-collected egg masses from Pennsylvania, USA, and treated them with short (1 or 12 h) and long (10 or 15 days) low temperature exposures (0 °C to -25 °C). We assessed hatch rate to measure survival. We determined that L. delicatula eggs were chill susceptible and the supercooling points of individual eggs ranged from -17.4 °C to -27.7 °C. We observed successful hatch after short- and long-term exposure to temperatures below -20 °C, well below previously published thermal limits for the species. Hatch rates were lower at or below -20 °C in the short exposures, or -15 °C in our long exposures experiments then hatch rate in egg masses not exposed to any treatment. Because L. delicatula eggs survived temperatures near their supercooling points, -27.7 °C could be used as a conservative estimate of the lower lethal temperature for this life stage. Our findings suggest that L. delicatulawill be able to survive in colder climates than initially thought. Of the locations where L. delicatula has been observed in Canada, Winnipeg is the only location where prolonged extreme cold is likely to affect survival. Other regions, such as the Maritimes, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec, do not experience frequent or intense cold spells sufficient to prevent its establishment. Thus, low winter temperatures may not limit L. delicatulaoverwinter survival and establishment in many regions of Canada or other parts of the world that experience similar winter conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated risk factors in healthcare settings: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bansal Amit , Trieu Mai-Chi , Eriksson Emily M , Zhou Fan , McVernon Jodie , Brokstad Karl Albert , Cox Rebecca Jane
Published: June 2024

Background: Reducing infection rates has been crucial to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we determined the rates and potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1 December 2019 to 5 February 2024. The potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs included occupational and household exposure to SARS-CoV-2; personal protective equipment (PPE) use, infection prevention and control (IPC) training; hand hygiene, aerosol generating procedures; quarantine; decontamination of high-touch areas; and working in environmental services. Odd ratios (ORs) for each risk factor were pooled from the selected studies in R.
Results: From 498 initial records, 190 articles were reviewed, and 63 studies were eligible. Globally, 10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8-12) of 279,590 HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Household exposure (OR: 7.07; 95% CI: 3.93-12.73), working as cleaner (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.39-5.32), occupational exposure (OR:1.79; 95% CI: 1.49-2.14), inadequate IPC training (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14-1.87), inefficient use of PPE (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14-1.84), performing aerosol generating procedures (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21-1.52) and inadequate hand hygiene (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.79-1.73) were associated with an increased SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, history of quarantine and frequent decontamination of high touch areas were protective factors against SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.60; and OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.42-0.64 respectively). These findings indicate a tiered risk of infection in HCWs.
Conclusions and Relevance: We found high global SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of 10% among HCWs. Household exposures and working as cleaner were the strongest risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas history of quarantine and frequent decontamination of high touch areas were protective. We suggest a three-step strategy (minimising exposure and decontamination practices, IPC and aerosol-limiting procedure training, and PPE use) to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Adaptogenic Herbs as Natural Sources of Sports Performance Enhancers
Authors: Al Shamli Ali Khalifa , Mourgan Fatma Hassan Abdelbasset , Al-Yaaribi Ali , EL Nana , Hefny Dawy Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Different parts of many plants, including seeds, bark, leaves, roots, fruit, stems, or flowers with known or suspected therapeutic properties are used to make herbal medications. In the past ten years, the number of athletes using herbal supplements has increased dramatically. Herbal remedies are becoming more and more popular among athletes and non-athletes as a way of improving their endurance and strength. Several diseases and impairments related to body stress are managed using herbal adaptogens; these adaptogens are also used to enhance focus, boost endurance during fatigue moments, improve physical strength/stamina, enhance energy levels, restore stress-affected cognitive function, improve sexual dysfunction, and maintain the level of cortisol. This study employed a research approach that requires the use of terms like “Herbal adaptogens, ashwagandha, endurance, athletes, turmeric, muscle strength” during a preliminary search of some of the popular databases such as Google, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, OVID Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The leading herbal adaptogens on the global market (such as ashwagandha, Rhodiola roseas, astragalus, holy basil, cordyceps, and turmeric) were examined in this article based on their source. Also covered in this work are the potential negative effects of these adaptogens and how they can help athletes perform better by increasing their muscle mass, recovery, and endurance.
Perceptions of Fluoride and Fluorosis among Saudi Community
Authors: Alrebdi Dr.Abdulaziz Brahim , Alarfaj Dr.Moath , Alrashidi Dr.Murad , Alazmi Dr.Saad , Alsharari Dr. Thani , Qasim Dr.Syed Saad B. , Alyahya Dr.Yasir
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Fluoride has been used in dentistry for a few decades to prevent dental caries, as it is a double-edged sword in nature. When a human being is exposed to more than normal fluoride levels, fluoride toxicity or fluorosis occurs. The study aimed to analyze Saudi community knowledge and views about the relevance of oral fluoride and its repercussions on health.

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 1020 Saudi people of both genders. The electronic survey was sent through social media. The questionnaire was written in Arabic and comprised 10 close-ended questions. Data was entered, cleaned, and analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 version, and necessary statistical tests like proportions and the chi-square test were performed.

Results

A total of 1020 participants participated in the study, with an age group ranging from 15 to 66 years. Most respondents were female (72.5%/), and 27.5% were male. The study survey showed that 42.8% of participants visited a dentist within the last six months. More than half of the participants (53.7%) brushed their teeth twice a day, 41.4% noted the appearance of a white spot on their teeth, and 65.9% reported a discoloration on their teeth. More than half of the people (56.7%) were aware that fluoride is significant in protecting and enhancing teeth. On the other hand, 78% of participants did not know that excessive exposure to fluoride during childhood could cause fluorosis.

Conclusion

According to this study, a substantial number of people are aware of the importance of oral care and fluoride. They were also mindful of teeth discoloration and how it affects their life. However, most participants and their parents were still unaware of the causes of fluorosis and its treatment.
Mechanical Integrity of All-on-Four Dental Implant Systems: Finite Element Simulation of Material Properties of Zirconia, Titanium, and PEEK
Authors: Chang Che-Lun , Karmakar Riya , Mukundan Arvind , Lu Shu-Hao , Choomjinda Ubol , Chen Meei-Maan , Chen Yi-Ling , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: June 2024

Background

Dental implants are critical for restoring functionality and aesthetics in patients with missing teeth. The all-on-four treatment concept utilizes four dental implants to support a full-arch prosthesis. Material choice for these implants plays a crucial role in the long-term success of the treatment, affecting everything from biomechanical stability to osseointegration and patient comfort.

Aim

The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical performance of three different materials used in all-on-four dental implant designs through finite element analysis (FEA). The aim is to determine which material optimally balances stress and deformation under various loading conditions.

Objective

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of stress, strain, and deformation on all-on-four dental implants made from titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The study seeks to identify which material demonstrates the best mechanical properties under simulated functional loads.

Methods

A 3D model simulating the dental implants integrated with cancellous and cortical bone was developed. Finite element analysis was conducted to assess the biomechanical performance of the implants made from titanium, zirconia, and PEEK. A perpendicular load of 100 N was applied to the tips of the implants, followed by an oblique load of 100 N at a 30-degree angle, to simulate different chewing forces.

Results

The deformation analysis indicated that implants made of zirconia exhibited significantly lower maximum and average deformation compared to those made from titanium and PEEK. Although PEEK implants showed lower maximum and average stress, they did not perform well in stress dissipation compared to zirconia. Similar patterns of stress and deformation were observed under both perpendicular and oblique loading conditions.

Conclusion

Zirconia implants outperformed titanium and PEEK in terms of deformation and stress distribution under simulated loading conditions. This suggests that zirconia could be a superior material for all-on-four dental implants, offering better mechanical stability and potentially enhancing the longevity and success of dental restorations. Further clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings and assess the long-term outcomes of zirconia-based implants.
Circular Economy Perspective and Implications for Livestock Farming in Albania
Authors: Marku Dorjan , Minga Aldona , Sosoli Ilir
Published: June 2024

Background

The transition to a circular economy has a principal role in driving sustainability and resilience in food systems. However, the implementation of this approach is complex, and governments should be aware of the challenges of adoption.

Objective

The aim of the study was to identify knowledge gaps and limitations influencing farmers' decisions to implement circularity, emphasizing the importance of policies, education, economic factors, and technology throughout the food chain. This paper highlights the challenges faced by farmers in adopting circular practices in livestock farming.

Methods

Through the multi-actor approach, stakeholders have identified a set of policies, education, economic, and technological factors as critical barriers that impact farmers’ decisions and value chain actors to adopt circular practices in their business operations. In this work, the respective variable categories have been tested on a large farmer population through quantitative research instruments.

Results

The results have indicated a significant relationship between variables related to political and regulatory framework categories and farmers’ motivation to implement circular practices. The findings have revealed the critical role of relevant policies and regulations, lack of subsidies, and lack of awareness by public institutions in shaping farmers' willingness to adopt circular practices in livestock production. The economic implications associated with the cost of production, investments, and operational costs have been found to impact the feasibility of circular systems.

Conclusion

Providing support to mitigate economic barriers is fundamental in improving sustainability in agri-food systems through a circular economy approach. This comprehensive approach requires establishing dedicated legislation to promote circular practices, providing support for circular economy initiatives, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders along the value chain.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Effectiveness of Passenger Transportation Processes using Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Safiullin Ravil , Arias Zunilda Parra
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This studypresents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of passenger transportation using intelligent technologies based on economic, technical, and operational efficiency parameters. It reviews existing approaches to efficiency assessment and proposes an optimal set of criteria for assessing the efficiency of the passenger transport process, which will allow for better planning of routes, movement schedules, and choice of transport rolling stock.

Objective

This study aims to provide a better assessment of the efficiency of passenger transport using intelligent technologies.

Aims

This article aims to carry out an integral assessment of the efficiency of passenger transport using intelligent technologies based on the criteria of economic and technical-operational efficiency, which will allow better planning of routes and schedules and selection of rolling stock

Methods

In order to obtain a comprehensive criterion for assessing the efficiency of the transportation process, diverse techniques, including computer and mathematical modeling, algorithm theory, mathematical statistics, observation, and measurement, were employed.

Results

A general criterion was created in order to evaluate the efficiency of passenger transportation processes based on the overall costs for both the user and the operator. Furthermore, a specific criterion of efficiency for passenger transportation processes has been defined: passenger-kilometers traveled. The applicability of the model is evaluated in a bus corridor in Havana. The results show that due to external factors, namely overcrowding, overall costs decrease at the same rate for both 12-meter and 15-meter buses with different intervals, while the number of passengers transported per kilometer increases at a faster rate for larger buses.

Conclusion

Choosing a criterion to assess the effectiveness of the passenger transportation process requires considering various aspects of importance that will result in passenger comfort and safety, as well as the effectiveness of the transport process. To solve this problem, it is necessary to do additional research and analyses to determine the most appropriate set of criteria under specific conditions. In particular, consider vehicles of smaller capacity to take into account volumes with variable demand.
role of job satisfaction mediate on the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Asril Akmil , Rahyuda Agoes Ganesha
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial leadership and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as to analyze the role of job satisfaction mediati the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. The population in this study were employees of PT. BPR Lestari Bali totaled 409 people. The sample in this study were 124 respondents. This research uses PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis technique. The results show that entrepreneurial leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Entrepreneurial leadership has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Job satisfaction as a partial mediation or partial mediation on the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, meaning that the independent variable is able to directly influence the dependent variable or indirectly by involving the mediator variable. A leader in a company needs to have a clear vision, be creative, innovative, responsible, and be able to motivate to create positive things for employees by increasing entrepreneurial leadership and job satisfaction so that their organizational citizenship behavior will also increase.
Especies exóticas invasoras y sus implicaciones sobre los bosques de manglar en las reservas de la biosfera Ría Celestún y Ría Lagartos
Authors: Rendón-Hernández Eduardo , Ayala-Pérez Luis Amado , Golubov Jordan , Torres-Lara Ricardo
Published: June 2024

La invasión de especies no autóctonas es una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de la biodiversidad y para la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Uno de los ecosistemas más vulnerables a escala mundial por la presencia de especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) es el bosque de manglar, ya que estas pueden desestabilizar la estructura y función de las redes tróficas y reducir su productividad, principalmente por competencia y depredación de especies nativas. En este estudio se realizó un análisis en los sistemas de información de biodiversidad y la literatura científica especializada para determinar la presencia de EEI en los bosques de manglar de las reservas de la biosfera Ría Celestún y Ría Lagartos ubicadas en la península de Yucatán, México; se identificó el nivel de riesgo de las EEI de acuerdo con el método de evaluación rápida de invasividad, y se generó información sobre las implicaciones de las EEI en los bosques de manglar. Entre las dos áreas naturales protegidas (ANP), se encontró la presencia de 16 EEI, de las cuales, 56.25% tienen valor de riesgo de invasividad “muy alto” y 43.75% riesgo de invasividad “alto”, lo que significa una alerta de peligro para los bosques de manglar de las ANP. La información generada en este estudio servirá de base para el planteamiento de estrategias de gestión para la atención de EEI y sobre la conservación de los bosques de manglar en las ANP.
Enhancing smart grid electricity prediction with the fusion of intelligent modeling and XAI integration
Authors:   School of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan, Janjua Jamshaid Iqbal ,   Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science (KICS), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Ahmad Reyaz ,   Department of General Education, Skyline University College, University City Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Abbas Sagheer ,   Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Lahore, Pakistan, Mohammed Abdul Salam ,   Department of General Education, Skyline University College, University City Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Khan Muhammad Saleem ,   School of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan, Daud Ali ,   Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Abbas Tahir ,   Department of Computer Science, TIMES Institute, Multan, Pakistan, Khan Muhammad Adnan ,   School of Computing, Skyline University College, University City Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,   Riphah School of Computing and Innovation, Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan,   Department of Software, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
Published: June 2024

This study examines the vital role of accurate load forecasting in the energy planning of smart cities. It introduces a hybrid approach that uses machine learning (ML) to forecast electricity usage in homes, improving accuracy through the extraction of correlated features. The accuracy of predictions is assessed using loss functions and the root mean square error (RMSE). In response to increasing interest in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), this paper proposes a framework for predicting energy consumption in smart homes. This user-friendly approach helps users understand their energy consumption patterns by employing shapley additive explanations (SHAP) techniques to provide clear explanations. The research uses gradient boosting and long short-term memory neural networks to forecast energy usage. In the context of sustainable urban development, it emphasizes the importance of conserving energy in homes. The paper explores AI and ML methods for predicting residential energy use, aiming to make socially meaningful impacts. It highlights the need to understand the factors affecting predictions to improve the accountability, reliability, and justification of decisions in energy optimization. Explainable AI techniques are used to gain insights into the prediction models and identify factors influencing household energy consumption. This research aids in decision-making processes related to electricity forecasting, advancing discussions on intelligent decision-making in power management, especially in smart grids and sustainable urban development.
Evaluation of Digital Mental Health Technologies in the United States: Systematic Literature Review and Framework Synthesis
Authors: Catania Julianna , Beaver Steph , Kamath Rakshitha S , Worthington Emma , Lu Minyi , Gandhi Hema , Waters Heidi C , Malone Daniel C
Published: June 2024

Background

Digital mental health technologies (DMHTs) have the potential to enhance mental health care delivery. However, there is little information on how DMHTs are evaluated and what factors influence their use.

Objective

A systematic literature review was conducted to understand how DMHTs are valued in the United States from user, payer, and employer perspectives.

Methods

Articles published after 2017 were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, the Health Technology Assessment Database, and digital and mental health congresses. Each article was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers to identify US studies reporting on factors considered in the evaluation of DMHTs targeting mental health, Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative and Cohort Studies Checklists. Studies were coded and indexed using the American Psychiatric Association’s Mental Health App Evaluation Framework to extract and synthesize relevant information, and novel themes were added iteratively as identified.

Results

Of the 4353 articles screened, data from 26 unique studies from patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives were included. Engagement style was the most reported theme (23/26, 88%), with users valuing DMHT usability, particularly alignment with therapeutic goals through features including anxiety management tools. Key barriers to DMHT use included limited internet access, poor technical literacy, and privacy concerns. Novel findings included the discreetness of DMHTs to avoid stigma.

Conclusions

Usability, cost, accessibility, technical considerations, and alignment with therapeutic goals are important to users, although DMHT valuation varies across individuals. DMHT apps should be developed and selected with specific user needs in mind.
Correction: Development of a Core Outcome Set for Family and Community Nursing: Protocol for a Delphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: Russo Sara , Caruso Rosario , Conte Gianluca , Magon Arianna , Vangone Ida , Bascapè Barbara , Maga Giulia , Pasek Malgorzata , Arrigoni Cristina
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Family and community nurses (FCNs) play a crucial role in delivering primary care to patients within their homes and communities. A key aspect of their role involves various health interventions, which are influenced by their unique competencies, such as health promotion, advanced clinical knowledge, and strong interpersonal skills. However, it is essential to understand which specific health outcomes these interventions impact to better understand the relationship between FCNs’ skills and the health results. This study aims to outline the steps we will take to develop a set of core outcomes. These outcomes will be particularly sensitive to the health interventions carried out by FCNs, providing a clearer picture of their practice’s impact. A Delphi survey will be used for this research, conducted from January to December 2024. The process will involve 5 steps and input from 3 stakeholder categories. These stakeholders will help identify a preliminary list of outcomes that will form the basis of our core outcome set (COS). This guideline will be beneficial for a wide range of stakeholders involved in COS development, including COS developers, trialists, systematic reviewers, journal editors, policy makers, and patient groups. As of January 2024, we have successfully completed the first stage of the study, with the stakeholder group approving the reported outcomes and assigning participant lists for each stakeholder group. This study will provide a roadmap for identifying the key health outcomes influenced by the interventions of FCNs. The multistakeholder, multiphase approach will ensure a comprehensive and inclusive process. Ultimately, the findings will enhance our understanding of FCNs’ impact on health outcomes, leading to more effective primary care strategies and policies.
From Prediction to Practice: A Rapid Review on the Opportunities and Challenges of using Artificial Intelligence in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (Preprint)
Authors: Tudor Samantha , Raza Khan Urooj , Bhatia Risha , Liem Michael , Wani Tafheem Ahmad , Boyd James
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has been steadily increasing for over two decades. Integrating AI into Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) has the potential to reshape neonatal care and improve outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the current AI research landscape for predicting clinical outcomes and length of stay in the NICU, and to explore the benefits and challenges of utilising AI in the NICU for these predictions.

METHODS

A rapid review was conducted across 6 databases, PubMed, Embase, CIHANL, Cochrane Library, Informit, and La Trobe Library, to identify Englished-language peer reviewed articles published between January 2017 and March 2023 that focused on the use of AI for predicting length of stay and clinical outcomes for NICU patient. A thematic analysis of AI application in NICUs from the articles identified was conducted.

RESULTS

A total of 24 articles were included in the review, with AI applied in NICU settings to predict comorbidities (18/24), mortality (4/24), and length of stay (2/24). Sixteen of the studies were in the exploration stage, lacking a cohesive AI strategy, while the remaining eight were in the emerging stage, where the exploration of AI had been conducted systematically. None of the studies reported a fully integrated AI solution in a NICU setting. This review also identified several critical challenges, including data quality, clinical interpretability, model generalisation, and ethical considerations. Despite the lack of maturity and the challenges of AI in the NICU, the thematic analysis revealed four themes of potential AI application in enhancing NICU care: data-driven insights and predictive models, advancements in medical imaging, improved risk stratification, and personalised neonatal care and interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

AI provides opportunities, particularly in medical imaging and data-driven insights, offering the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy and personalised care. Data quality and ethical considerations are challenges to be addressed. Bridging these gaps can harness the transformative potential of AI to enhance neonatal care and healthcare delivery. Future research should prioritise practical implementation and ethical guidelines to fully realise the benefits of AI in the NICU.
Clarification Needed on Access Dates in Recent GPT-4V Study (Preprint)
Authors: Acar Alaeddin
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Dear Editor,

This letter is regarding the recent publication of the article titled "Integrating Text and Image Analysis: Exploring GPT-4V’s Capabilities in Advanced Radiological Applications Across Subspecialties" [1] published in JMIR. This study makes significant contributions to the field of medical imaging and AI in radiology, and I want to congratulate the authors on their valuable work. However, I noticed a discrepancy regarding the dates mentioned in the article.

In the "Methods" section, it states that the models were accessed "between November 6, 2023, and November 17, 2024." However, in reference 4, the accessed date for the GPT-4V is given as "October 14, 2023." This inconsistency should be addressed to ensure the accuracy of the study. Additionally, it appears that the date "November 17, 2024" may be incorrect.

Correcting these errors is important for the accuracy of the study. I would appreciate it if this matter could be clarified and the necessary corrections made.
La otra economía de México: una aproximación a la economía no moderna tradicional en 2015 y 2020
Authors: Arroyo-Alejandre Jesús , Ríos-Ramírez Álvaro Fernando , Espinoza-Jiménez Joel
Published: June 2024

En este ensayo se estima el tamaño de la economía moderna y la economía no moderna tradicional (ENMT) a la que también se puede denominar precapitalista y en transición hacia una economía de mercado para cada municipio de México en los años 2015 y 2020. Se usó información censal para la población ocupada en las unidades productivas clasificadas en el Sistema de Clasificación Industrial de América del Norte (SCIAN) y consideradas ad hoc por los autores como modernas. También se estimó la economía informal, tomándose en cuenta que la población ocupada en esta economía en gran medida está incluida en la ENMT y en pocos casos en la economía moderna municipal. Los autores argumentan que no existe una conceptualización teórica explicativa aceptable de la ENMT, por lo que, a pesar de su importancia, se dificulta su cuantificación. Para el caso de México los autores encuentran a más de la mitad de la población ocupada en la economía no moderna tradicional, concentrada principalmente en los municipios metropolitanos, urbanos y semiurbanos. Por esto establecen la necesidad de mayor desarrollo teórico sobre la economía en cuestión, además que permita el diseño e instrumentación de política económica regional en una economía “dual”.
Factores incidentes en las brechas salariales entre la población inmigrante colombiana y estadounidense
Authors: Rosero-Ceballos Elsy Lorena , Mendoza-Cota Jorge Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Estados Unidos se ha caracterizado por ser un país atractivo para migrantes de todas partes del mundo, especialmente latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, su mercado laboral presenta desigualdades salariales entre grupos poblacionales. En este trabajo se analizan los factores que inciden en las brechas salariales entre la población inmigrante colombiana y la población estadounidense, diferenciándolos en blancos nativos no hispanos y afroestadounidenses. La existencia de brechas salariales se identifica a través de la descomposición de Oaxaca (1973), se utilizan los datos de la American Community Survey 2018. Algunos resultados encontrados muestran la existencia de brechas salariales entre inmigrantes colombianos y blancos nativos no hispanos que no se explican adecuadamente por las diferencias en su nivel educativo y tipo de ocupación, sino que podrían explicarse por el trato desigual entre estos grupos poblacionales.
Mangrove ecosystem in Asia: review and synthesis of ecosystem services and economic valuation methods
Authors: Gargaran Jan Paulo S. , Capuno Reymar Dominic Y. , Novicio Vanessa Faith P. , Petiluna Chuchie C. , Catalba Chantal Erika T. , Paras Desiree Ann P. , Garces Jake Joshua C.
Published: June 2024

Mangroves provide multiple ecological and socioeconomic benefits in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; however, little is known about their benefits to humans. This study presents a systematic synthesis of the ecosystem services (ESs) and economic valuation methods (EVMs) of mangrove ecosystems in Asia. A total of 28 studies published from 12 countries encompassing 194 observations were reviewed and included in the analysis using Publish or Perish Software. Results revealed that the majority of the mangrove forests in Asia host the genera Rhizophora and Avicennia spp. in the largest proportion, indicating that these genera contribute significantly to mangrove ESs. Market price and factor income methods were the most frequently used EVMs with 96 and 66 value estimates, respectively. Provisioning ecosystem services were valued the most often among ESs types. Moreover, regarding the values of specific ESs, the median values of those that belong to regulating ecosystem services were the highest, specifically erosion prevention (5833.22 $ ha–1 year–1) and moderation of extreme events (3633.69 $ ha–1 year ). Considering contemporary protection and conservation measures, research studies on mangrove ESs and EVMs can be further improved through broader geographic area coverage and improved economic assessment of the rarely studied ESs. Overall, the findings recommend focusing on these gaps, particularly encouraging institutions and policymakers to acknowledge the undervalued ecological and socioeconomic values of mangrove ecosystem services.
Kesukaran Item Kosa Kata Kerja Al-Quran Dalam Ujian Kosa Kata Al-Quran (QVT) Berdasarkan Model Pengukuran Rasch
Authors: - Nadzirah , - Kaseh , - Hakim , Azwan Mohamad
Published: June 2024

Kajian ini bertujuan mengukur tahap kesukaran sejumlah item instrumen kosa kata kerja dalam Quranic Vocabulary Test (QVT) serta tahap penguasaan responden terhadap item tersebut. Responden kajian terdiri daripada 69 orang pelajar sarjanamuda tahun dua Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, beragama Islam dan berlatarbelakang pelbagai bidang pengajian. Kajian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan menggunapakai Model Pengukuran Rasch sebagai alat untuk mencapai dua objektif yang digaris. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kekerapan pengulangan sesuatu item itu sememangnya mempengaruhi penentuan tahap kesukarannya dan penguasaan responden terhadapnya.
الإمام يحيى بن أبي الخير العمراني (ت:558هـ) ودفاعه عن عقيدة أهل السُّنة في القرن السادس الهجري
Authors: - Shoib , - Faizuri , - Ali
Published: June 2024

يتناول هذا البحث جهود الإمام يحيى بن أبي الخير العمراني في الدفاع عن عقيدة أهل السنة، وجاءت أهمية هذه الدراسة لشهرة الإمام ومكانته العلمية بين علماء الأمة الإسلامية، ومواجهته للمعتزلة والشيعة في اليمن، فكان له الفضل بعد الله بالحفاظ على عقيدة أهل السنة في اليمن الأسفل في القرن السادس الهجري، ويهدف البحث إلى التعريف بالإمام أبن أبي الخير العمراني وكتابه في العقيدة، وأيضاً المسائل التي دافع عنها وبيّن بطلان عقيدة المخالفين لها من المعتزلة القدرية والزيدية وغيرهم من الفرق المنحرفة. والمنهج المتبع في هذا البحث هو المنهج الاستقرائي الذي تتبع فيه الباحث أقوال الإمام بن أبي الخير في مسائل العقيدة، وجاء البحث في ثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الأول: التعريف بالإمام واهتمامه بحماية التوحيد، والمبحث الثاني: دفاعه عن العقيدة وردّه على المعتزلة والقدرية، والمبحث الثالث: أشهر المسائل العقدية التي دافع عنها، ثم اختتم البحث بخاتمة تشمل النتائج من البحث.
Analisis Hukum Solat Laylat Al-Qadr Dalam Kitab Tarjuman Karangan Kh. Abdul Hamid Analysis of the Islamic Law of Laylat Al-Qadr Prayer in the Book of Tarjuman by Kh. Abdul Hamid
Authors: - Imamuddin , Ali Abdul Karim
Published: June 2024

Kajian ini akan memperbahaskan pandangan KH. Abdul Hamid terhadap hukum solat Laylat al-Qadr dalam kitab Tarjuman (sekitar tahun 1800-1900 M). Kitab ini adalah kitab asas tauhid dan fiqh. Namun, hukum-hakam fiqh yang lebih banyak diperbincangkan. Mulai daripada bab taharah, salat, puasa, zakat, warisan, muamalah, haji, pernikahan bahkan hukum halal-haram secara umum. Sebahagian masyarakat masih mengamalkan solat Laylat al-Qadr. Dengan solat ini, diharapkan dapat berjumpa dengan malam yang mulia iaitu Laylat al-Qadr yang munculnya setahun sekali. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenalpasti pandangan KH. Abdul Hamid terhadap solat Laylat al-Qadr. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan metode kualitatif iaitu kajian perpustakaan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa pengamalan solat Laylat al-Qadr berlandaskan kepada hadith yang tidak dapat dijadikan hujah sebab hadith tersebut mawdu’ (palsu). Oleh itu, solat ini tidak dapat diamalkan kecuali diganti dengan solat sunat mutlak atau yang lainnya yang diiktiraf oleh syarak.
Doktrin Timur Tengah Baharu The New Middle East Doctrine
Authors: Abdul Hamid Muhammad Afifi , Abdul Rahman Mohamad Zaidi , Raja Sulong Raja Hisyamudin
Published: June 2024

Kajian ini membincangkan dokrin Timur Tengah baharu yang diperkenalkan oleh Amerika Syarikat dalam usaha menjadikan Timur Tengah sebagai rantau yang aman dan stabil berdasarkan demokrasi. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kajian perpustakaan dengan menganalisis pelbagai sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa doktrin Timur Tengah baharu sebagai tindak balas Amerika Syarikat terhadap serangan pengeboman 11 September 2001. Peristiwa pengeboman 11 September 2001 menjadi titik mula bagi Amerika Syarikat dalam mengembangkan doktrin tersebut di Timur Tengah sehingga membawa kepada operasi ketenteraan di Iraq. Doktrin ini juga bertujuan untuk mempromosikan pemerintahan demokrasi bagi menggantikan para pemerintah Timur Tengah yang mengamalkan pemerintahan secara authoritarian. Kajian ini juga mengesahkan penglibatan Amerika Syarikat melalui National Endowment for Democracy (NED) dalam mencorakkan gerakkan dan usaha menjadikan Timur Tengah sebagai rantau demokrasi melalui doktrin Timur Tengah baharu.
Mata Wang Islam: Analisa Menurut Pandangan Sarjana Islam Islamic Currency: An Analysis According to the Views of Islamic Scholars
Authors: Nor Azelan Suffian Haqiem , Ab Rahman Asmak , Mohd Noh Mohd Shahid
Published: June 2024

Dinar emas dan dirham perak merupakan mata wang terawal yang digunakan selepas kedatangan Islam di Mekah. Keduanya merupakan barangan ribawi dan terikat kepada hukum riba berdasarkan hadith Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Selain dinar dan dirham, penggunaan mata wang dalam masyarakat Islam berkembang dan berubah mengikut zaman. Masyarakat menggunakan mata wang daripada jenis yang lain seperti gangsa, tembaga, wang kertas dan wang digital yang digunakan pada masa kini. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisa kandungan yang berpaksikan tematik untuk melihat ciri-ciri dan kriteria mata wang menurut Islam. Pandangan-pandangan sarjana Islam tentang mata wang dianalisa dengan mendalam untuk mendapatkan hasil kajian tersebut. Mata wang Islam tidak terhad kepada emas dan perak sahaja. Sarjana Islam juga bersepakat mata wang berfungsi sebagai alat pertukaran dan pengukur nilai sesuatu barangan atau perkhidmatan.
Konsep Asnaf Mualaf dan Had Pengukuran Mualaf Asnaf Mualaf Concept and Mualaf Measurement Limits
Authors: Md Ismail Mohammad Noorazlan , Ali Nor Aini
Published: June 2024

Zakat dilihat sebagai salah satu program jaringan keselamatan sosial dalam melindungi orang yang memerlukan khususnya mualaf. Asnaf mualaf merupakan salah satu daripada golongan yang layak untuk menerima agihan zakat. Walau bagaimanapun, had tempoh pengukuran mualaf memberi implikasi kepada agihan zakat kepada kategori asnaf ini. Kajian ini membentangkan konsep dan had tempoh pengukuran mualaf dalam memastikan jaringan keselamatan sosial golongan ini terjamin. Kajian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan bagi mengumpulkan data. Dapatan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa asnaf mualaf dikhususkan kepada mereka yang baru memeluk agama Islam seperti yang termaktub dalam Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam Negeri masing-masing. Seterusnya, keputusan mengehadkan tempoh panggilan mualaf kepada lima tahun adalah amat sesuai sebagai satu pengukur untuk mereka menerima bantuan zakat bagi kategori asnaf mualaf.
Hukum Bergadang dan Qaza’ Menurut Pandangan Kh. Abdul Hamid (W. 1352 H/1933 M.) dalam Karyanya Tarjuman Law of Stay Awake In Night And Cumulus From The View Of Kh. Abdul Hamid (D. 1352 H./1933 M.) in Tarjuman Book
Authors: - Imamuddin , Karim Ali Abdul
Published: June 2024

Kitab Tarjuman adalah kitab yang dikarang oleh Kiai Haji (KH) Abdul Hamid bin Kiai Ithbat (W. 1352 H./1933 M.). Telah sekian lama kitab ini menjadi salah satu rujukan para pelajar pondok pesantren dan masyarakat dalam bidang ilmu tauhid, fiqh, tajwid, akhlak dan lainnya yang menjadi landasan asas kepada amalan dalam pembentukan kerohanian masyarakat Islam terkhusus di Madura. Ia ditulis dengan tulisan Jawi yang berbaris dengan menggunakan bahasa Madura. Di samping untuk mengenal pasti hukum bergadang dan qaza’ dalam kitab Tarjuman, kajian ini juga menjelaskan biografi KH. Abdul Hamid dan huraian am mengenai kitab Tarjuman Kajian ini adalah kualitatif. Beberapa data dikumpul melalui kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan kajian lapangan secara temu bual. Kajian mendapati bahawa KH. Abdul Hamid merupakan seorang tokoh ulama yang solutif terhadap permasalahan masyarakat. Seterusnya penjelasan mengenai hukum asal kepada bergadang adalah makruh bahkan boleh menjadi haram jika melibatkan perkara yang haram. Begitu juga mengenai hukum asal qaza’ kepada adalah makruh jika tidak menyerupai dengan orang fasiq atau kafir.
Kerelevanan Penerapan Latihan Berkonsep Al-Salām Dalam Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan (Palapes): Satu Tinjauan Awal Relevance of the Application of Al-Salām Conceptual Training in the Reserve Officers Training Team (Palapes): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zaini Mohd Norazri Mohamad , Sa’ari Che Zarrina , Che Nordin Mohd Khairul Naim , Shahruddin Mohd Solahuddin , Shafiq Ayob Mohd Annas
Published: June 2024

Islam merupakan sebuah agama yang bertunjangkan elemen al-salām dalam setiap prinsipnya dan ajarannya di dalam ketenteraan. Elemen al-salām telah menjadi prinsip teras Rasulullah SAW dalam setiap operasi bersenjata atau al-jihād bī al-silāḥ khususnya sebelum, semasa dan selepas operasi hasil daripada didikan yang mantap berlaku dalam periode Mekah dan Madinah. Selepas hampir 1400 tahun selepas kewafatan Rasulullah SAW, gerakan bersenjata telah berevolusi dan berkembang menjadi lebih kompleks dan canggih. Di Malaysia khususnya di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam terdapat badan beruniform yang berorentasikan ketenteraan iaitu unit Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan (PALAPES) yang dikawal selia oleh Kementerian Pertahanan Malaysia dan Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) dan majoriti daripada ahlinya adalah Bumiputera yang beragama Islam. Latihan unit PALAPES ini akan berlangsung selama tiga tahun mengunakan silibus ATM iaitu Manual Panduan Askar Wataniah melalui beberapa latihan seperti Latihan Tempatan, Latihan Berterusan dan Latihan Kem Tahunan yang perlu menjadi model pengaplikasian sebelum operasi bersenjata, agar sistem latihan ketenteraan. Selari dengan itu, kajian ini akan melihat pendekatan al-salam dalam penerapan latihan PALAPES. Kajian ini akan mengunakan metode kualitatif dan historis terhadap pengaplikasian elemen al-salām sewaktu zaman peperangan Rasulullah SAW. Hasil dapatan mendapati bahawa beberapa ciri-ciri persamaan kaedah sebelum operasi bersenjata Rasulullah SAW sememangnya telah wujud di dalam skim Latihan PALAPES, namun ia masih perlu dimurnikan agar bertepatan dengan eleman al-salām.