bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ignoring species availability biases occupancy estimates in single‐scale occupancy models
Authors: DiRenzo Graziella V. , Miller David A. W. , Grant Evan H. C.
Published: May 2022

Most applications of single‐scale occupancy models do not differentiate between availability and detectability, even though species availability is rarely equal to one. Species availability can be estimated using multi‐scale occupancy models; however, for the practical application of multi‐scale occupancy models, it can be unclear what a robust sampling design looks like and what the statistical properties of the multi‐scale and single‐scale occupancy models are when availability is less than one.

Using simulations, we explore the following common questions asked by ecologists during the design phase of a field study: (Q1) what is a robust sampling design for the multi‐scale occupancy model when there are a priori expectations of parameter estimates? (Q2) what is a robust sampling design when we have no expectations of parameter estimates? and (Q3) can a single‐scale occupancy model with a random effects term adequately absorb the extra heterogeneity produced when availability is less than one and provide reliable estimates of occupancy probability?

Our results show that there is a tradeoff between the number of sites and surveys needed to achieve a specified level of acceptable error for occupancy estimates using the multi‐scale occupancy model. We also document that when species availability is low (<0.40 on the probability scale), then single‐scale occupancy models underestimate occupancy by as much as 0.40 on the probability scale, produce overly precise estimates, and provide poor parameter coverage. This pattern was observed when a random effects term was and was not included in the single‐scale occupancy model, suggesting that adding a random‐effects term does not adequately absorb the extra heterogeneity produced by the availability process. In contrast, when species availability was high (>0.60), single‐scale occupancy models performed similarly to the multi‐scale occupancy model.

Users can further explore our results and sampling designs across a number of different scenarios using the RShiny apphttps://gdirenzo.shinyapps.io/multi‐scale‐occ/. Our results suggest that unaccounted for availability can lead to underestimating species distributions when using single‐scale occupancy models, which can have large implications on inference and prediction, especially for those working in the fields of invasion ecology, disease emergence, and species conservation.
Antinuclear antibodies in follicular fluid may be a risk factor in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Authors: Wu Suqin , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaoda , Jiang Yue , Teng Ying
Published: May 2022

Objective

To explore the effect of anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANAs) on the outcome of in vitro fertilization‐embryo transplantation (IVF‐ET) and to study the effect of ANAs in follicular fluid (FF) on embryonic development.

Methods

The expression of ANAs in FF of patients treated with IVF‐ET and healthy group. The patients were divided into ANAs‐positive group and ANA‐negative group. The age, duration of infertility, body mass index (BMI), basic follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH), anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH), number of retrieved oocytes, portion of metaphase II oocytes (MII), number of embryos in the cleavage stage, bipronuclear (2PN), number of embryos, number of high‐quality embryos and the outcome of IVF‐ET were compared between the two groups. In vitro, HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells were cultivated and divided into ANAs‐negative group (control group) and ANAs‐positive group (ANAs‐positive FF was added to cytotrophoblasts). The ANAs titer in the serum and FF of patients who treated with IVF‐ET was detected using ELSIA method. CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry (at 24 h and at 48 h) were used to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis frequency of the two groups, respectively.

Results

Among those who underwent IVF‐ET treatment, the number of retrieved oocytes, the number of fertilization and the portion of MII oocytes in the FF‐positive group were significantly lower than those in the FF‐negative group. Furthermore, the implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate were decreased, and early miscarriage rate was increased in the FF‐positive patients than those in the FF‐negative patients. In vitro, the cytotrophoblasts proliferation activity in the ANAs group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the cytotrophoblasts apoptosis rate in the ANAs group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

Conclusions

Our data suggested that ANAs in FF might become an obstacle to embryonic development through promoting trophoblast apoptosis and inhibiting trophoblast proliferation. ANAs in FF might be an unfavorable factor for the outcome of those who undergo IVF‐ET treatment.
An additional port in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy for surgical safety
Authors: Fujinaga Atsuro , Hirashita Teijiro , Iwashita Yukio , Kawamura Masahiro , Nakanuma Hiroaki , Kawasaki Takahide , Kawano Yoko , Masuda Takashi , Endo Yuichi , Ohta Masayuki , Inomata Masafumi
Published: May 2022

Background

Tokyo Guidelines 2018, clinical practice guidelines for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis, recommend bailout procedures to prevent bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for difficult gallbladder. We first insert an additional port (AP) for difficult gallbladder that may require bailout procedures. Because the usefulness of an AP during LC is unclear, we therefore examined the efficacy of the AP during LC in this study.

Methods

Data were collected from 115 patients who underwent LC for acute cholecystitis in our department. The indications for AP were excessive bleeding, scarring, and poor visual field around Calot's triangle. AP was inserted into the right middle abdomen so as not to interfere with other trocars and was used by the assistant. Surgical outcomes were evaluated based on AP use during LC.

Results

AP was inserted in 19 patients during LC (AP group). The indications for AP were excessive bleeding in nine patients, scarring around Calot's triangle in seven patients, and poor visual field around Calot's triangle in three patients. Open conversion was performed in two patients in the non‐AP group. BDI occurred in one patient in the non‐AP group. In patients with Difficulty Score 3, operation time was significantly shorter (P = .038) and Critical View of Safety (CVS) score was significantly higher in the AP group (P = .046).

Conclusion

AP is useful in patients with excessive bleeding to shorten operation time and increase the CVS score. AP may be one useful option for difficult gallbladder.
Uncovered workers in plants covered by collective bargaining: Who are they and how do they fare?
Authors: Hirsch Boris , Lentge Philipp , Schnabel Claus
Published: May 2022

In Germany, employers used to pay union members and non‐members in a plant the same union wage in order to prevent workers from joining unions. Using recent administrative data, we investigate which workers in firms covered by collective bargaining agreements still individually benefit from these union agreements, which workers are not covered anymore and what this means for their wages. We show that about 9 per cent of workers in plants with collective agreements do not enjoy individual coverage (and thus the union wage) anymore. Econometric analyses with unconditional quantile regressions and firm‐fixed‐effects estimations demonstrate that not being individually covered by a collective agreement has serious wage implications for most workers. Low‐wage non‐union workers and those at low hierarchy levels particularly suffer since employers abstain from extending union wages to them in order to pay lower wages. This jeopardizes unions’ goal of protecting all disadvantaged workers.
Does ownership concentration affect banks’ credit risk? Evidence from MENA emerging markets
Authors: Jabbouri Imad , Naili Maryem , Almustafa Hamza , Jabbouri Rachid
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of ownership concentration on banks’ credit risk. The study employs a dynamic panel approach using data from 98 banks listed in the 10 Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging stock markets between 2003 and 2016. To better understand the nature of the relationship between ownership concentration and bank credit risk and how this relationship is shaped by the recent financial crisis, we conducted a pre‐ and postcrisis analysis. Our findings document a positive relationship between ownership concentration and nonperforming loans in the precrisis period, which surprisingly reverses during the postcrisis period. We argue that the reversal of this relationship is driven by changes in controlling shareholders’ risk aversion, behavior, and attitude prompted by the financial crisis. Given that central banks are entrusted with forestalling banks’ failure, incorporating ownership concentration, as a fundamental determinant of banks’ credit risk, is crucial to anticipate future financial calamities. Our findings highlight the gravity of agency problems in emerging MENA markets. Reinforcing firm‐level as well as country‐level governance mechanisms is crucial to restore a sound banking system, enhance markets’ integrity, and increase investors’ confidence.
Social media and ophthalmology: A review
Authors: Nguyen Andrew A. K. , Tsui Edmund , Smith Justine R.
Published: May 2022

Social media is being widely used across ophthalmology. Its communication tools have been employed more often by ophthalmologists in private practice than academia, although academic institutions may be more impactful influencers. There are opportunities to promote ophthalmic services and to augment traditional clinical care. Social media provides a medium to disseminate peer‐reviewed literature in ophthalmology, and to expand conference experiences. It is used for teaching ophthalmology at medical schools and attracting medical students into ophthalmology training, and for research in ophthalmology. Important considerations when using social media include the required time commitment and the public nature of interactions. The high level of misinformation in medical social media remains a challenge for both ophthalmologists and their patients, and the ophthalmologist can play an active role in addressing the issue. This review considers the role that social media is playing in ophthalmology today, including impact on ophthalmic practice, applications in ophthalmic education and training, and patient‐focused networking.
Perioperative management of living donor liver transplantation: Part 2 – Donors
Authors: Sakai Tetsuro , Ko Justin Sangwook , Crouch Cara E. , Kumar Sathish , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Hackl Florian , Han Dai Hoon , Kaufman Michael , Kim Seong Hoon , Luzzi Carla , McCluskey Stuart , Shin Won Jung , Sirianni Joel , Song Ki Won , Sullivan Cinnamon , Hendrickse Adrian
Published: May 2022

Living donor liver transplantation was first developed to mitigate the limited access to deceased donor organs in Asia in the 1990s. This alternative liver transplantation method has become a widely practiced and established transplantation option for adult patients suffering with end‐stage liver disease, and it has successfully helped address the shortage of deceased donors. The Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia and the Korean Society of Transplantation Anesthesiologists jointly reviewed published studies on the perioperative management of adult live liver donors undergoing donor hemi‐hepatectomy. The goal of the review is to offer transplant anesthesiologists and critical care physicians a comprehensive overview of the perioperative management of adult live donors. We featured the current status, donor selection process, outcomes and complications, surgical procedure, anesthetic management, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, avoidance of blood transfusion, and considerations for emergency donation. Recent surgical advances, including laparoscopic donor hemi‐hepatectomy and robotic laparoscopic donor surgery, are also addressed.
Association of UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*28, or ABCC2 c.3972C>T genetic polymorphisms with irinotecan‐induced toxicity in Asian cancer patients: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Atasilp Chalirmporn , Biswas Mohitosh , Jinda Pimonpan , Nuntharadthanaphong Nutthan , Rachanakul Jiratha , Hongkaew Yaowaluck , Vanwong Natchaya , Saokaew Surasak , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: May 2022

Effects of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 genetic polymorphisms on irinotecan‐induced severe toxicities in Asian cancer patients are inconclusive. Also, ABCC2 c.3972C>T may affect toxicity of irinotecan. The aim was to assess the aggregated risk of neutropenia or diarrhea in Asian cancer patients taking irinotecan and inherited UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*28, or ABCC2 c.3972C>T genetic variants. A PubMed literature search for eligible studies was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) were measured using RevMan software where p values <0.05 were statistically significant. Patients that inherited both UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 genetic variants (heterozygous: UGT1A1*1/*6 + *1/*28 and homozygous: UGT1A1*6/*6 + *28/*28) were significantly associated with increased risk of neutropenia and diarrhea compared to patients with UGT1A1*1/*1 (neutropenia: OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.97–4.23; p < 0.00001; diarrhea: OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.71–2.99; p < 0.00001). Patients carrying homozygous variants had much stronger effects in developing toxicities (neutropenia: OR 6.23; 95% CI 3.11–12.47; p < 0.00001; diarrhea: OR 3.21; 95% CI 2.13–4.85; p < 0.00001) than those with heterozygous variants. However, patients carrying the ABCC2 c.3972C>T genetic variant were not significantly associated with neutropenia (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.98–2.84; p = 0.06) and were significantly associated with a reduction in irinotecan‐induced diarrhea (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.81; p = 0.02). Asian cancer patients should undergo screening for both UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 genetic variants to reduce substantially irinotecan‐induced severe toxicities.
Labour Standards in Global Production Networks: Assessing Transnational Private Regulation and Workers’ Capacity to Act
Authors: Graz Jean‐Christophe , Sobrino Piazza Jimena , Walter André
Published: May 2022

Despite decades of growing engagement, there are still questions about the effectiveness of transnational private regulation in labour standards to improve employee welfare in global production networks. The literature shows that some improvement may be expected in outcome standards, such as benefits, working time, health and safety issues, but not necessarily in process rights, such as freedom of association, collective bargaining and employment dialogue. Yet, workers need such rights if they are to have a voice and to participate in the organizational processes by which standards may be improved and compliance monitored. The authors of this article contend that the effectiveness of transnational private regulation in labour standards ultimately rests on workers’ capacity to act. The article is based on analysis of a cross‐country and cross‐sectoral data set from site‐level surveys of 139 suppliers from Brazil and Kenya in the agricultural, manufacturing and service sectors. The analysis provides no evidence that either the presence of standards at a supplier's site, or the awareness of such standards by workers employed at that site, have an impact on workers’ capacity to act. Moreover, the results provide only weak evidence that standards help workers gain influence over matters of relatively minor importance on the agenda of workplace cooperation.
Global Groundwater Solute Composition and Concentrations
Authors: Wood Warren W. , Smedley Pauline L. , Lindsey Bruce D. , Wood Warren T. , Kirchheim Roberto E. , Cherry John A.
Published: May 2022

Informed analysis of policies related to food security, global climate change, wetland ecology, environmental nutrient flux, element cycling, groundwater weathering, continental denudation, human health, and others depends to a large extent on quantitative estimates of solute mass fluxes into and out of all global element pools including the enigmatic global aquifer systems. Herein for the first time, we proffer the mean global solute concentration of all major and selected minor and trace solutes in the active groundwater that represents 99% of liquid fresh water on Earth. Concentrations in this significant element pool have yielded to a geospatial machine learning kNN‐nearest neighbors' algorithm with numerous geospatial predictors utilizing a large new lithology/climate/aquifer age/elevation based solute database. The predicted concentrations are consistent with traditional solute ratios, concentrations, and thermodynamic saturation indices.
European principles of care for physiotherapy provision for persons with inherited bleeding disorders: Perspectives of physiotherapists and patients
Authors: de Kleijn Piet , Duport G. , Jansone K. , Marinić M. , McLaughlin P. , Noone D. , Ramishvili L. , Tollwé A. , Stephensen D. ,   the European Haemophilia Consortium and EAHAD Physiotherapy Committee
Published: May 2022

Introduction

In their Chronic Care Model, the World Health Organisation states that people with chronic disorders and their families should be informed about the expected course, potential complications, and effective strategies to prevent complications and manage symptoms. Physiotherapists are a key professional group involved in the triage, assessment and management of musculoskeletal conditions of persons with a bleeding disorder (PWBD). Nevertheless, recent reports describe access to physiotherapy for those with these conditions is only sometimes available.

Aim

Access to high quality individualised physiotherapy should be ensured for all PWBD, including those with mild and moderate severities, male and female, people with von Willebrand Disease (vWD) and other rare bleeding disorders. Physiotherapy should be viewed as a basic requisite in their multidisciplinary care.

Methods/ results

Following a series of meetings with physiotherapists representing the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) and PWBD representing the European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) and a review of publications in the field, eight core principles of physiotherapy care for persons with a bleeding disorder have been co‐produced by EAHAD and EHC.

Conclusion

These eight principles outline optimum standards of practice in order to advocate personalised patient‐centred care for physical health in which both prevention and interventions include shared decision making, and supported self‐management.
Aberrant IKZF1 gene as relapse predictor in standard‐risk pediatric patients with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Vshyukova Volha Sergeevna , Krasko Olga Vladimirovna , Yanchanka Darya Alexandrovna , Meleshko Alexander Nikolayevich
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Worldwide, the B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP‐ALL) treatment protocols are based on risk‐adaptive therapy, that is on the search for biological markers for stratification by risk groups for optimal management. Depending on the treatment protocol, deletions and overexpression of non‐functional IKZF1 isoforms act as relapse predictors in ALL. We investigated the IKZF1 gene aberrations as the substantive marker for predicting the development of relapse or adverse events when using risk stratification from ALL‐MB‐2002/2008 protocols.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the bone marrow samples collected from 202 newly diagnosed patients with BCP‐ALL harbouring IKZF1 aberrations.

Results

In patients of intermediate‐ and high‐risk the presence of IKZF1 aberrations contributed to the delayed clearance of blast cells on the 15th and 36th day of induction therapy, but there was not a significant effect on relapse rate. The comparative analysis demonstrated that standard‐risk patients with IKZF1 aberrations have a much higher 5‐years cumulative incidence of relapse (66.7 ± 22.7% vs. 11.6 ± 2.9% in the group with normal gene status, p < 0.001) in contrast to intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups. In the competing risk model of relapse, IKZF1 aberrations determine a high risk of relapse only in standard‐risk patients (p = 0.025), and it was not significant for patients of other risk groups (p = 0.284 for intermediate, and 0.408 for high‐risk groups).

Conclusion

Our findings support that IKZF1 aberrations are a crucial relapse predictor in standard‐risk patients with BCP‐ALL, who practically have no significant markers to assess the prognosis during the primary diagnosis.
How the COVID‐19 lockdown affects social relationships in Bangladesh: A social media‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dey Sima Rani
Published: May 2022

For controlling the rapid spread of COVID‐19 infections, the Bangladesh Government imposed lockdown to ensure social distancing among the mass. The study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID‐19 lockdown on social relationships among Bangladeshi nationals. A social media‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from May 15 through June 7, 2020. The study used a survey questionnaire to ascertain the people's perception on COVID‐19 pandemic and its associated lockdown, and on how the lockdown affected their social relationships. In this study, social relationships referred to the connections between family members, friends, and relatives. Linear regression was employed to determine the predictors of social relationships. A total of 352 survey responses were collected, out of which 64.2 per cent reported that their social relationships became stronger during lockdown. Age, marital status, occupation, and financial condition exhibited significant associations with social relationships. More specifically, young through middle‐aged, married, housewives, and financially solvent people had a significant association with having strong social relationships. This study found that the COVID‐19 lockdown revealed a positive impact on the social relationships of Bangladeshis. Healthy bonding and cordial support of family and friends are understood to have helped them to mitigate their mental stress, leading to positive health implications.
NANDA International nursing diagnoses in the coping/stress tolerance domain and their linkages to Nursing Outcomes Classification outcomes and Nursing Interventions Classification interventions in the pre‐hospital emergency care
Authors: Sánchez‐Almagro César Pedro , Romero‐Sánchez José Manuel , White‐Ríos Melanie , González del Pino Carlos Antonio , Paloma‐Castro Olga
Published: May 2022

Aim

To determine the prevalence of NANDA International nursing diagnoses in the coping/stress tolerance domain and their linkages to Nursing Outcomes Classification outcomes and Nursing Interventions Classification interventions in the pre‐hospital emergency care setting.

Design

Retrospective descriptive study of electronic record review.

Methods

Eight thousand three hundred three episodes recorded during the year 2019 were recovered from the electronic health records of a public emergency care agency. The prevalence of NANDA International nursing diagnosis, Nursing Outcomes Classification outcomes and Nursing Interventions Classification interventions was determined. A cross‐tabulation analysis was performed to determine the linkages. Data were accessed in November 2020.

Results

NANDA International nursing diagnoses Anxiety (00146) and Fear (00148) represented more than 90% of the diagnoses recorded in the domain. Anxiety level (1211) and emotional support (5270) were the most recorded Nursing Outcomes Classification outcomes and Nursing Interventions Classification interventions, with almost 20% and 5% of total records, respectively. The linkage between nursing diagnosis Anxiety (00146), outcome Anxiety level (1211) and intervention Anxiety reduction (5820) was the most recorded with slightly more than 3% of the total.

Conclusion

Eight different NANDA International nursing diagnoses in the coping/stress tolerance domain were recorded. Nursing Outcomes Classification outcomes were selected aimed mainly at psychological well‐being and Nursing Interventions Classification interventions to support coping. In general, linkages were aimed to provide emotional support, physical well‐being, information, education and safety.

Impact

This study showed that pre‐hospital emergency care nurses diagnose and treat human responses in the coping/stress tolerance domain. Expert consensus‐based linkages may be complemented by the results of this study, increasing the levels of evidence of both individualized and standardized care plans for critical patients assisted by pre‐hospital emergency care nurses.
Sorting out the sorting in omnichannel retailing
Authors: Kembro Joakim , Eriksson Ebba , Norrman Andreas
Published: May 2022

The increasing complexity of today's omnichannels has led to challenges with logistics efficiency and customer utility. In this paper, we show how retailers address these challenges by sorting goods at multiple points across the logistics network and inside each material‐handling node. As contemporary research on the omnichannel sorting phenomenon is limited and fragmented, we conduct an abductive multiple case study to elaborate omnichannel logistics and transvection theory. It explains why retailers, depending on their omnichannel context, prepone some sorting activities upstream and postpone others to handle trade‐offs between customer utility and logistics efficiency. An artifact, including structured terminology, six sorting aspects, and an iconographic platform, is constructed to support the analysis of the extent, variety, and complexity of sorting at both the strategic network level and the operational material‐handling node level. We conclude by submitting 10 theoretical and actionable design propositions that support decision making in (re)designing omnichannel logistics networks and offer avenues for future research.
Cognitive biases as impediments to enhancing supply chain entrepreneurial embeddedness
Authors: Ketchen David J. , Craighead Christopher W.
Published: May 2022

The recently introduced concept of supply chain entrepreneurial embeddedness (SCEE) refers to the extent to which large firms integrate entrepreneurial capabilities into their supply chains. Achieving a higher degree of SCEE can involve assimilating entrepreneurial practices by copying entrepreneurial firms’ behavior, allying with entrepreneurial firms to gain access to and learn from them, and acquiring entrepreneurial firms to bring their practices inside the firm. Because SCEE appears to be a pathway to enhanced firm performance, enhancing SCEE should be attractive. However, our thesis is that efforts to do so may be undermined by cognitive biases—heuristics used by the human mind to simplify complex situations that result in distorted thinking. We explore the possible problems arising due to 11 cognitive biases discussed by Schwenk (Strategic Management Journal, 1984, 5(2), 111). We offer two brief case examples of companies that are seeking to make their supply chains more entrepreneurial; each illustrates several of the biases in action. We also consider whether supply chain complexity and entrepreneurial orientation can mitigate or strengthen cognitive biases’ harmful effects on SCEE. In doing so, we construct an important interface across entrepreneurship and supply chain management.
Editorial Perspective: Rapid responses to understand and address children and young people’s mental health in the context of COVID‐19
Authors: Creswell Cathy
Published: May 2022

Prior to the pandemic, we already had good reason to be concerned about the mental health of children and young people. As an example, the 2017 Mental Health of Children and Young People (MHCYP) survey in England, comprising a large, national probability sample, identified that one in nine children had a probable mental health disorder, with a 49% increase in emotional disorders compared to a previous survey in 2004 (Sadler et al., 2018). The pandemic has clearly brought a broad range of challenges to children and young people. These include the direct viral threat to self, friends, and family (with recent estimates of a 17.5%–20.2% increase in parental bereavement in the United States; Kidman et al, 2021), as well as disruptions to school work, social interactions, family pressures, economic impacts, a lack of opportunity and ongoing uncertainty, and reduced access to mental health and other support from outside the home. So how have these experiences affected the mental health of children and young people?
Negotiating mutualism: A locus for exploitation by rhizobia has a broad effect size distribution and context‐dependent effects on legume hosts
Authors: Wendlandt Camille E. , Roberts Miles , Nguyen Kyle T. , Graham Marion L. , Lopez Zoie , Helliwell Emily E. , Friesen Maren L. , Griffitts Joel S. , Price Paul , Porter Stephanie S.
Published: May 2022

In mutualisms, variation at genes determining partner fitness provides the raw material upon which coevolutionary selection acts, setting the dynamics and pace of coevolution. However, we know little about variation in the effects of genes that underlie symbiotic fitness in natural mutualist populations. In some species of legumes that form root nodule symbioses with nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial bacteria, hosts secrete nodule‐specific cysteine‐rich (NCR) peptides that cause rhizobia to differentiate in the nodule environment. However, rhizobia can cleave NCR peptides through the expression of genes like the plasmid‐borne Host range restriction peptidase (hrrP), whose product degrades specific NCR peptides. Although hrrP activity can confer host exploitation by depressing host fitness and enhancing symbiont fitness, the effects of hrrP on symbiosis phenotypes depend strongly on the genotypes of the interacting partners. However, the effects of hrrP have yet to be characterised in a natural population context, so its contribution to variation in wild mutualist populations is unknown. To understand the distribution of effects of hrrP in wild rhizobia, we measured mutualism phenotypes conferred by hrrP in 12 wild Ensifer medicae strains. To evaluate context dependency of hrrP effects, we compared hrrP effects across two Medicago polymorpha host genotypes and across two experimental years for five E. medicae strains. We show for the first time in a natural population context that hrrP has a wide distribution of effect sizes for many mutualism traits, ranging from strongly positive to strongly negative. Furthermore, we show that hrrP effect size varies across host genotypes and experiment years, suggesting that researchers should be cautious about extrapolating the role of genes in natural populations from controlled laboratory studies of single genetic variants.
Responses to artificial selection for locomotor activity: A focus on death feigning in red flour beetle
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Sasaki Ken , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: May 2022

Whole‐organism performance, including locomotor activity, is an important fitness trait in many animals. Locomotor activity is often classified into sprint speed and locomotor endurance and differences in sprint speed and locomotor endurance affect on other traits such as life‐history traits. Previous studies found that locomotor endurance, sprint speed and brain dopamine (DA) levels are correlated with artificial selection for death feigning (an anti‐predator behaviour that we refer to as ‘death‐feigning syndrome’) in some insect species. Thus, if the syndrome has a genetic basis, death feigning, sprint speed and brain DA levels may be affected by artificial selection for locomotor endurance. We artificially selected for locomotor endurance over 10 generations in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, and established higher (H) and lower activity (L) strains, then compared their death‐feigning behaviour, sprint speed and brain DA levels. H‐strain beetles exhibited significantly shorter duration of death‐feigning, and significantly higher sprint speeds, suggesting variation in death‐feigning syndrome. Surprisingly, although brain DA expression affects various animal behaviours, we found no significant differences in the brain DA expressions of H‐ and L‐strain beetles. Thus, our results imply genetic correlations between locomotor endurance, sprint speed and death feigning, but not with brain DA expression, suggesting that differences in the biogenic amine results of our and previous studies may reflect differences in behavioural expression mechanisms.
Higher red cell distribution width and poorer hospitalization‐related outcomes in elderly patients
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Nerlekar Ridhima , Tranah Gregory J. , Browner Warren S. , Cummings Steven R.
Published: May 2022

Background

Red cell distribution width (RDW), an index for variation of red blood cell (RBC) size, has been proposed as a potential marker for poorer outcomes in several aging‐related diseases and conditions. We tested whether greater variability of RBC size, presented as a higher RDW value, predicts poor prognoses among hospitalized patients over 60 years old.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from older hospitalized patients aged ≥60 years between January 2013 to December 2017 at Sutter Health, a large integrated health system in Northern California. The RDW was measured during hospital admission and categorized with 1% intervals (≤13.9, 14.0–14.9, 15.0–15.9, 16.0–16.9, 17.0–17.9 and ≥18.0%). The primary outcome was the rate of in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcomes included 30‐day re‐admission rate and length of hospital stay (in days).

Results

A total of 167,292 admissions from 94,617 patients were included. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 6.3%. As the RDW value increased, the rate of in‐hospital mortality gradually increased from 2.7% for the lowest RDW category to 12.2% in the highest category (p‐trend <0.001). The overall 30‐day re‐admission rate after discharge was 12.5% and the rate of 30‐day re‐admission also increased with increasing RDW categories (7.4% in the lowest group vs. 15.8% in the highest group, p‐trend <0.001). Patients with the highest RDW values at admission stayed 1.5–2.0 times longer in the hospital than patients with lower RDW values who were admitted for the same causes.

Conclusions

Greater variability of RBC size is significantly associated with worse prognosis in hospitalized elderly patients, indicating higher mortality, greater risk of early re‐admission, and longer hospital stay days. Risk stratification strategies for hospitalized elderly should include RDW value.
Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout: A study of nurses in a large Texas health‐care system
Authors: Crabtree‐Nelson Sonya , DeYoung Peter M. , Vincent Neil J. , Myers Thomas P. , Czerwinskyj Jonah
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout in nurses at a large nonprofit, Catholic‐based health‐care system in southern Texas.

Design and Methods

This is a cross‐sectional, exploratory study using a self‐report survey. The survey included a demographic questionnaire and the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQOL 5). It was emailed to 1000 nurses at a large health‐care system in Texas, USA. Three hundred and eighteen nurses completed the survey for a response rate of 31.8%.

Findings

The results find low mean levels of compassion fatigue (CF) and burnout and high mean levels of compassion satisfaction (CS) among the nurses. Hours worked and nursing specialty emerged as factors in whether the nurses experienced CF or CS. The nurses with less than 10 years of experience have lower levels of CS and higher levels of burnout than those with over 10 years of experience. Finally, nurses who hold professional certification have statistically significant higher CF scores than those who do not.

Conclusions

Health‐care settings may need to take into consideration the number of hours worked and nursing specialty as significant factors in whether nurses experience CF or CS.

Clinical Relevance

Three key elements in CF prevention are education, awareness, and self‐care. Often the climate in health‐care settings discourages medical professionals from practicing effective self‐care. The strategies for combating burnout are linked to changing health‐care systems so that nurses are supported. Hospitals may explore alternative work schedules and lower patient loads to prevent CF and burnout.
Are programmed cell death protein‐1 and Angiopoietins‐2 effective biomarkers for detection the severity of psoriatic patients?
Authors: Khatery Basma H. , Shaker Olfat G. , El‐Tahlawi Samar , Abd‐elrahim Talal A. , Fawzi Mai , Ali Esraa M. , Mohammed Mohammed Hassan
Published: May 2022

Background

Early detection of psoriasis is still an open discussion. Psoriatic lesions are characterized by red/scaly plaques affecting different body‐sites.

Objectives

To evaluate the levels of programmed cell death protein‐1(PD‐1) and Angiopoietins‐2(Ang‐2) in serum, lesional, and perilesional of psoriatic patients and correlate them with controls and disease severity.

Subjects and Methods

Serum samples were obtained from 40 participants subdivided equally into psoriatic and healthy controls, 4 mm punch_biopsy equally from lesional and perilesional skin of individuals. PD‐1/ANG‐2 ELISA kits were used for determining the serum and tissue levels among groups.

Results

Serum and tissue levels of PD‐1 and Ang‐2 were overexpressed in psoriatic patients compared with controls. There was a statistical difference between patients and controls in level of PD‐1(serum and tissue) with p‐value 0.006 and 0.0001, respectively. There was a statistical difference between both groups for ANG‐2(serum and tissue) with p‐value 0.03 and 0.0001, respectively. There were positive correlations between PASI score and PD‐1 in tissue (r = 0.467, p = 0.038). Also, positive correlation between the level of PD‐1 in serum and tissue (r = 0.369, p = 0.019), the serum levels of PD‐1 and ANG‐2 (r = 0.78, p > 0.0001), PD‐1 and Ang‐2 in tissue (r = 0.583,p = 0.0001) were detected.

Conclusion

PD‐1 and ANG‐2 can be highly recommended to determine the severity of psoriasis.
Complications following thread rhinoplasty
Authors: Chen Youbai , Hu Jintian , Xing Jiahua , Li Yan , Xu Yujian , Li Nan , Liu Jianchao , Liu Mei , An Yang , Han Yan
Published: May 2022

Background

The debate on thread rhinoplasty (TR) has never stopped owing to its complications. However, few studies have reported the clinical characteristics of TR complications, as well as their treatment.

Aims

We aim to summarize the clinical, ultrasonographic, and histopathologic characteristics of TR complications.

Patients/Methods

This retrospective case series study included consecutive patients presenting with TR complications. Patients’ demographics, medical history, complications, ultrasonography, treatment, histopathology, and follow‐up outcome were collected through the electronic medical record.

Results

A total of 30 patients (28 females) with an average age of 28.7±6.8 years were included. The most common complication leading to consultation was infection (46.7%), followed by thread extrusion (30%), chronic inflammation (16.7%), and dimpling (6.7%). Most patients who developed complications received TRs at illegal nonmedical places (70%). Ultrasonography of infection showed multiple dotted heterogeneous hyperecho signals surrounded by a hypoecho area. Twenty patients (66.7%) received debridement, thread removal, or release of dimpling. Threads could be completely removed within one month of TR. Histopathological examination showed multifocal crystal‐like material surrounded by excessive inflammatory cells in hyperplastic granulation tissues. All patients were satisfied with the clinical outcomes over a follow‐up of 25.6 ± 14 months.

Conclusions

Infection is the most common complication that always warrants thread removal. Ultrasonography is helpful in detecting the remaining threads and delineating the infection area. We do not recommend threading as a regular method for rhinoplasty owing to its complications for an expedience with short‐lasting effect.
Effectiveness of jawline, jaw angle, and marionette lines correction in combination with double needles threads (APTOS) and a collagen‐stimulating dermal filler (ELLANSE): An innovative technique
Authors: Rezaee Khiabanloo Samad , Nabie Reza , Aalipour Ezatollah
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Facial aging is a multifactorial process in which considerable changes occur in different face structures. Thread lifting is one of the most common minimally invasive treatments related to facial rejuvenation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of jawline, jaw angle, and marionette lines correction in combination with APTOS threads and ELLANSE M types through an innovative technique.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective chart review study, 50 patients with ptosis candidates for lower face correction were included between October 2019 and February 2020. To perform correction of the jawline, jaw angle, and marionette lines, APTOS thread (LLN2GS) and ELLANSE M type were used through an innovative technique. The efficacy (6 and 12 months after the surgery) and safety (1, 6, and 8 weeks after the surgery) were assessed by two surgeons independently. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 22 for windows (IBM Inc.).

Results

In this study, 50 patients (4 male and 46 female) with Mean ± SD age of 53.84 ± 10.79 years old (Range: 42 years) were included. Regarding the results, patients’ level of satisfaction (improved to excellent levels) increased from 74% at 6 months after the surgery to 86% at 12 months after the surgery. Moreover, the level of satisfaction obtained from surgeons (improved to excellent levels) decreased from 96% to 86% at 6 and 12 months after the surgery, respectively. Based on the results, there were substantial and perfect agreements between the surgeon and the independent surgeon to evaluate the surgery efficacy of facial rejuvenation 6 and 12 months after the surgery. No side effects were reported 6 and 8 weeks after surgery.

Conclusion

Regarding the results, due to rare complications, deep satisfaction, and short downtime, the correction of the lower face in combination with APTOS thread (LLN2G) and ELLANSE M type through our innovative technique be considered an efficient and safe treatment.
Financial Crisis, Creditor‐Debtor Conflict, and Populism
Authors: GYÖNGYÖSI GYŐZŐ , VERNER EMIL
Published: May 2022

We study the impact of debtor distress on support for a populist far‐right political party during a financial crisis. Our empirical approach exploits variation in exposure to foreign currency household loans during a currency crisis in Hungary. Foreign currency debt exposure leads to a large, persistent increase in support for the populist far right. We document that the far right advocated for foreign currency debtors' interests by proposing aggressive debt relief and was rewarded with support from these voters. Our findings are consistent with theories emphasizing that conflict between creditors and debtors can shape political outcomes after financial crises.
Reassessing the duration of each stage of labor and their relation to postpartum hemorrhage in the current Japanese population
Authors: Ushida Takafumi , Matsuo Seiko , Nakamura Noriyuki , Iitani Yukako , Imai Kenji , Nakano‐Kobayashi Tomoko , Yoshida Shigeru , Yamashita Mamoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi
Published: May 2022

Aim

To reassess the normal duration of each stage of labor in a contemporary Japanese cohort, and to determine whether prolongation of each stage of labor increases the rate of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in vaginal deliveries.

Methods

Clinical data of women who delivered at term at 12 facilities between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively collected. A total of 31 758 women were subdivided into three or four subgroups according to the duration of each stage of labor and parity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of PPH (blood loss ≥ 1000 mL) in each subgroup, with women with the shortest durations in each subgroup used as the reference group.

Results

The reference range of each stage of labor was found to be shorter than that previously reported. Women with prolonged second (primiparity, adjusted OR: 1.15–1.78; multiparity, adjusted OR: 1.14–1.74) and third (primiparity, adjusted OR: 1.39–4.95; multiparity, adjusted OR: 1.46–3.80) stages of labor showed an increased risk of PPH, whereas those with prolonged first stage did not. A significantly increased risk of PPH was found both in primiparous and multiparous women with third stages of labor ≥ 5 min.

Conclusions

The normal duration of each stage of labor in the Japanese population needs to be revised and well‐recognized by obstetric care providers. A prolonged third stage of labor was a more important contributing factor to PPH than prolonged first or second stages.
Homeostasis of cell wall integrity pathway phosphorylation is required for the growth and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Cai Yongchao , Liu Xinyu , Shen Lingbo , Wang Nian , He Yangjie , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang
Published: May 2022

The cell wall provides a crucial barrier to stress imposed by the external environment. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, this stress response is mediated by the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, consisting of a well‐characterized protein phosphorylation cascade. However, other regulators that maintain CWI phosphorylation homeostasis, such as protein phosphatases (PPases), remain unclear. Here, we identified two PPases, MoPtc1 and MoPtc2, that function as negative regulators of the CWI pathway. MoPtc1 and MoPtc2 interact with MoMkk1, one of the key components of the CWI pathway, and are crucial for the vegetative growth, conidial formation, and virulence of M. oryzae. We also demonstrate that both MoPtc1 and MoPtc2 dephosphorylate MoMkk1 in vivo and in vitro, and that CWI stress leads to enhanced interaction between MoPtc1 and MoMkk1. CWI stress abolishes the interaction between MoPtc2 and MoMkk1, providing a means of deactivation for CWI signalling. Our studies reveal that CWI signalling in M. oryzae is a highly coordinated regulatory mechanism vital for stress response and pathogenicity.
The internationalism of stateless nations: The case of Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Justin Chun‐ting
Published: May 2022

Nationalism is often associated with xenophobia and isolationism in academic literature. The negative image of nationalism has been further strengthened by the electoral success of far‐right political figures across the world. However, treating all nationalism as a uniformly negative phenomenon risks over‐simplification, as nationalism might manifest differently given different social context and rhetorical resources available. Taking Hong Kong as a case, this paper theorises Hong Kong as a stateless nation and examines the alleged negative association of nationalism. It moves beyond the traditional ‘Hong Kongvis‐a‐visChina’ framework and explores the relationship between Hong Kong nationalists and non‐Chinese international actors. Drawing on data from major Hong Kong political parties' Facebook page, this paper shows that Hong Kong nationalism exhibits a high level of internationalism in both inward and outward dimensions, theorised, respectively, as the willingness to accept foreign influence and to invite international cooperation, and therefore offers a nuanced understanding about the relationship between nationalism, xenophobia and isolationism.