bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (imt) dengan kejadian dismenore primer pada mahasiswi semester 7 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya
Authors: ACINTYA SAGUNG
Published: September 2018

Latar Belakang: Dismenore, nyeri saat periode menstruasi, angka kejadiannya sangat tinggi. Terdapat banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan dismenore, salah satunya adalah Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Wanita dengan IMT kurang bisa mengalami dismenore, begitu juga dengan wanita yang memiliki IMT lebih sampai gemuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara IMT dengan kejadian dismenore primer pada mahasiswi semester 7 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hang Tuah.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desiain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengukuran IMT berdasarkan berat badan dan tinggi badan. Setelah itu dilakukan pengelompokan IMT normal dan tidak normal (kurang dan lebih-gemuk). Pengukuran dismenore dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 55 mahasiswi Semester 7 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hang Tuah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, namun tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi.

Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari total 55 responden,  yang mengalami dismenore sebanyak 40 responden (72,7%). Dari 40 responden yang mengalami dismenore didapatkan 14 responden (35%) mempunyai IMT yang tidak normal, sedangkan 26 responden (65%) mempunyai IMT normal. Sementara itu dari 15 responden yang tidak mengalami dismenore, hanya 1 responden (6,7%) yang mempunyai IMT tidak normal dan 14 responden (93,3%) mempunyai IMT yang normal.

Kesimpulan: Hasil penghitungan resiko relatif (RR) menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan IMT tidak normal memiliki resiko mengalami dismenore 1,436 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan responden yang mempunyai IMT normal. Dari analisis Spearman didapatkan hasil p =0,036. Oleh karena p<0,050 maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan kejadian dismenore primer pada mahasiswi semester 7 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hang Tuah.

 

Kata kunci: Dismenore, Nyeri Menstruasi, Indeks Massa Tubuh
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) Kota Serang
Authors: Rahman Arif
Published: September 2018

Consumer Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK) , as mentioned in the Rules No. 8 Years 1999 about Consumer Protection (UUPK) which is formed by the government, is the institution that responsible for holding and resolving disputes between consumers and businesses. The basic concept of the establishment of this institution is to handle the disputes between consumers and businesses. BPSK formation is intended to overcome the vagaries of litigation that tends to have long, formal and convoluted process with the alternative dispute resolution outside the court that is based on the principle of fast, simple and low cost. This research was conducted on Consumer Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK) Kota Serang by using normative juridical approach. The author conducted a review of literature regarding consumer protection law and the settlement of consumer disputes according to consumer protection codes which were collected and classified by the record in detail, systematic and focused on literature. Furthermore, the author conducted a descriptive analysis of data, in order to obtain a complete overview of the issues regarding the settlement of consumer disputes at BPSK Kota Serang.The Results of this research conducted by the author suggest a role of BPSK Serang in solving consumer disputes according to the Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection can be resolved in three ways, which are conciliation, mediation and arbitration on the basis of selection and consent of the parties to the dispute. Verdict forms of conciliation methods and mediation are final and binding, without having to request fiat execution to the local court, while the form of the decision taken by arbitration method has to be requested fiat execution to the local Court for the arbitration award to have the executorial power. Additionally, arbitration decision of BPSK council also still has opportunities for the objection to the District Court, counted before passing 14 (fourteen) days after the arbitration decision was notified to the parties , for the party who did not accept the decision of the BPSKâ€™s council.
Restorative Justice Bagi Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan dalam Perspektif Pidana Islam
Authors: Hasuri Hasuri
Published: September 2018

The settlement of criminal cases by using the punishment method for the perpetrators (retributive) is not effective enaough and it is not become deterrent for the perpetrators but they more expert in doing criminal acts, moreover the perpetrators are children under the age that they are unstable in psychiatric and very easy to imitate the negative behavior gained in jail. Many methods of punishment offered by experts to change conventional punishment methods one of them is using the Restorative Justice, theÂ  concept of punishment is by involving the victim's family efforts not only focus on giving suffering to the perpetrator but also healing the injuries suffered by the victim and the victim's family. This study focuses on the concept of Restorative Justice for children involved in criminal acts of murder in Islamic criminal studies, and find the differences in the application of Restorative Justice in the provision of a positive legal system in Indonesia with Islamic criminal law.
Pengambilan Harta Wakaf Perpektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 (Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Anyar Kec. Jati Agung Kab. Lam-Sel Tahun 2016)
Authors: Mukhlishin Ahmad , Arifin Teguh , Dimyati Muhammad
Published: September 2018

According to Islamic Law, Wakaf is to give up land or other objects that can be utilized by the Islamic Ummah without damaging the Wakaf objects and to grant the Wakaf objects to someone or to a legal entity to be utilized for the benefit of Islamic Ummah. Based on Agrarian Law, wakaf is an eternal transfer of right. The consequence is that the land becomes institutionalized forever and the right to land can no longer be transfered to the other partie either by means of trading, exchanging, granting and so on unless there is a legal reason allowing it.his analytical descriptive study with sociological juridical approach described the fact found in the community of Percut Jati Agung subdistrict. The result of this study showed that the problematic of wakaf land registrationin in karang anyar Percut jati agungÂ  subdistrict, lampung selatan District were 1) the community members living in Percut jati agung Subdistrict did not understand much especially about wakaf land registration and certification, 2) the wakif (the one donates the wakaf object) could not issue the certificate for the donated land, while the declaration of wakaf (donation) had been made at KUA by PPAIW, and 3) the personnel working of KUA or BPN was very minimal that many declarations of donated land at KUA or Registrations of the donated land at BPN have not been handled. In the process of donated land registration.The related parties are suggested to handle the wakaf cases more maximally and to socialize the land registration and land donation that it can create a legal awareness in the community members and they understand the importance of land registration
Analisis Efektivitas Pelaksanaan E Government di Tingkat Kelurahan
Authors: Ramdani Endah Mustika
Published: September 2018

This study aims to analyze the practice of the implementation of e-government at the kelurahan level as the lowest level of governance. This study employed the descriptive qualitative method. Besides that, the search through various official documents record, in print and electronic mass media was also conducted. The results of the study showed that the level of e-government at the kelurahan level has not run effectively due to the lack of optimal infrastructure provision, efficiency, community satisfaction, apparatus adaptation to application, development, and lifespan. With technology, the government is able to use innovative ways of communicating with communities, these facilities can ideally improve the quality of government services and provide greater opportunities for the public participation in public service processes to support smartcity. Therefore, there must be efforts to improve such obstacles which can be done by improving infrastructure, developing human resource and strengthening regulations.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) Aparatur Sipil Negara dalam Implementasi Nilai Dasar Pegawai
Authors: Haryani Tiyas Nur , Nurcahyono Okta Hadi
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe quality of public services is highly dependent on the commitment of the organizers and the implementers of public services. The research aims to measure the knowledge of Civil Servants, their attitudes and practices in running the basic values of Civil Servants with a sample of state apparatuses in the area of Jebres Kota Surakarta. Site selection is done by purposive area. Data were collected by survey and presented in descriptive statistics. The results obtained from this study found that the knowledge of civil servants already know the contents of the State Civil Apparatus Act, but there are still some employees (2%) who do not know about it and do not get information related to the regulation of 6% of the total sample Taken. Besides other interesting facts is the problem of anti-corruption and public ethics that have not oriented service is still felt not implemented optimally in their work environment. Keywords: Human resources, Knowledge atitude practice, basic values of civil servants AbstrakPada rezim pemerintahan Presiden Soeharto sistem pemerintahan Indonesia adalah sentralisasi dan memiliki banyak kritik sebab pemerintahan menjadi otoriter dan terpusat. Segala kebijakan pada rezim tersebut bersifat top down. Rezim Presiden Soeharto berakhir pada tahun 1998 melalui gerakan reformasi oleh civil society. Pasca berakhirnya Rezim Presiden Soeharto tata pemerintahan Indonesia banyak mengalami perubahan, salah satunya dari sistem sentralisasi menjadi desentralisasi. Sistem desentralisasi bertujuan untuk mendekatkan pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat sekaligus memenuhi pelayanan publik yang berkualitas. Kualitas pelayanan publik sangat bergantung pada komitmen para penyelenggara dan pelaksana pelayanan publik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur pengetahuan Aparatur Sipil Negara, sikap dan praktik mereka dalam menjalankan nilai dasar Aparatur Sipil Negara dengan sampel para aparatur negara di Kecamatan Jebres Kota Surakarta. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive area. Data dikumpulkan dengan survei dan disajikan secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini ditemukan fakta pengetahuan para Aparatur Sipil Negara telah mengetahui isi Undang-Undang Aparatur Sipil Negara, tapi masih ada beberapa pegawai (2%) yang merasa tidak mengetahuinya dan tidak mendapatkan informasi terkait regulasi tersebut sebesar 6% dari total sampel yang diambil. Selain itu fakta menarik lainnya adalah persoalan anti korupsi dan etika publik yang belum berorientasi pelayanan masih dirasakan belum dilaksanakan secara optimal di lingkungan kerja mereka.Kata kunci: Sumber daya manusia, Knowledge atitude practice, nilai dasar aparatur sipil negara
Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Anggaran pada Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Kota Cilegon
Authors: Zainuri Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Good or not the services of government agencies can be measured through the implementation of Good Governance principle in the agency. One of the characteristics of Good Governance is accountability. This research aimed to examine the implementation of budget management accountability at Cilegon City Election Commision (KPU). This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through interviews, observations and document reviews. The analysis results showed that Cilegon City KPU still did not apply the good budget management accountability for example some procurement of goods and services and other facilities did not have clear evidence of transactions and some of them were unrealistic and did not correspond to the market price. Based on the research results, it is recommended that regular training ought to be conducted to develop the skills of budget administrators both of the Commission and the PPK and PPS. The Commission together with the Chairmen of the PPK and PPS needs to monitor the implementation of the budget in the field. The Commission should involve all stakeholders to discuss the budget accountability report.
Reformasi Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Desa melalui Penataan Kelembagaan (Studi di Desa Kubang Puji Kecamatan Pontang Kabupaten Serang)
Authors: Yulianti Rachmi
Published: September 2018

This paper is based on the condition of the Village Government Institutional Structure that was initially too fat, thus affecting the incapability of the village head to change the structure, norms, values and regulation of state personnel and cause the failure of efforts to fulfill the aspirations and needs of the community based on Law no. 6 Year 2014 Chapter III contains the Village Structuring which essentially wants to realize the effectiveness of the implementation of Village Government. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by using technique of Purpose Sampling then technique of field data collection by way of observation, depth interview, study of documentation and field research. The results of this study indicate that in institutional arrangement in Kubang Puji village, Pontang sub-district, there is a lot of involvement from the community so that the downsizing of Bureaucracy structure is influenced by people who have personal interest in the organization of the village so that there is a need for organizational structuring and improvement in the governance system, service and human resources management in accordance with the mandate of Law No. 6 of 2014.
EL MANÍ DE LLULLAILLACO
Authors: Krapovickas Antonio , Vanni Ricardo O.
Published: September 2018

El maní arqueológico hallado a 6715 m de altura en el cerro Llullaillaco (24º45’S-68º30’W) seidentifica como Arachis hypogaea L. var. hypogaea, raza ‘Guaycurú’, cultivo de las tierrasbajas de Sudamérica
The relevance of non-formal Biology Olympiad training for upper secondary school students
Authors: Mutanen Justus , Aksela Maija
Published: September 2018

Science competitions, such as the International Biology Olympiad, are non-formal education targeted to upper secondary school students with high abilities. However, there is little knowledge about what is the relevance of training for a science competition. In this study, Finnish Biology Olympiad training participants were researched in the context of relevance of science education. In total, 28 students filled in questionnaires and participated in interviews. It was found out that the students experienced the training to be especially individually relevant for them, and there was no significant difference between genders. Based on the results, vocational and societal topics should be taken into more account in designing Olympiad trainings.
Outdoor chemistry in teacher education – a case study about finding carbohydrates in nature
Authors: Höper Jan , Köller Hans-Georg
Published: September 2018

In this case study, we describe an inquiry-based approach to enhancing tuition in chemistry by taking student teachers out of the lab and into nature. We used video observation and interviews to gain insight into student teachers’ expectations and experiences of such fieldwork. Through thematic analysis, we found that the participants perceived the approach as individually relevant and worthy of integrating as a teaching method in future practice. Further, we discussed challenges presented by outdoor chemistry and ways to overcome these. Overall, we show that fieldwork in chemistry contributed to a better understanding of chemistry as an integral part of nature.
Risk assesment and control of IUU fishing for the marine insurance industry
Authors: Oceana
Published: September 2018

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing—also known as pirate fishing—is an unresolved and internationally pervasive problem, costing the global economy tens of billions of USD dollars annually. Those that participate in IUU fishing break or avoid fisheries management rules and succeed in operating outside the effective reach of government control. IUU fishing can deplete already overfished populations and can destroy vital marine habitats and ecosystems. This activity can also harm law-abiding fishers that suffer reduced fishing opportunities when the fish stocks they target are also targeted by IUU fishing vessels. Ending IUU fishing contributes to the global agenda to promote sustainable fishing and healthy oceans. This is underscored in UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources” by committing countries to take action to eliminate IUU fishing by 2020.
Assessment of the implicit attitude of Japanese people toward blacks and Little Black Sambo
Authors: Mori Kazuo
Published: September 2018

We examined whether Japanese people, 47 junior high school students, 49 undergraduates, and 52 older adults, possessed negative attitudes against blacks and the picture book Little Black Sambo. We assessed the implicit attitude toward the target word pairs, “black/white” and “Sambo/Heidi,” by utilizing a paper-based Implicit Association Test and found that both black and Sambo were associated more negatively than white and Heidi. However, the implicit attitudes assessed with a single-target IAT showed that 67 Japanese students showed positive implicit scores for blacks but with smaller valences. A post hoc analysis revealed that the reading experience of Little Black Sambo did not show a significant difference between the implicit attitudes of those who had and had not read the book.
Time-resolved discrimination of audio-visual emotion expressions
Authors: Falagiarda Federica , Collignon Olivier
Published: September 2018

Humans seamlessly extract and integrate the emotional content delivered by the face and the voice of others. It is however poorly understood how perceptual decisions unfold in time when people discriminate the expression of emotions transmitted using dynamic facial and vocal signals, as in natural social context. In this study, we relied on a gating paradigm to track how the recognition of emotion expressions across the senses unfold over exposure time. We first demonstrate that across all emotions tested, a discriminatory decision is reached earlier with faces than with voices. Importantly, multisensory stimulation consistently reduced the required accumulation of perceptual evidences needed to reach correct discrimination (Isolation Point). We also observed that expressions with different emotional content provide cumulative evidence at different speeds, with “fear” being the expression with the fastest isolation point across the senses. Finally, the lack of correlation between the confusion patterns in response to facial and vocal signals across time suggest distinct relations between the discriminative features extracted from the two signals. All together, these results provide a comprehensive view on how auditory, visual and audiovisual information related to different emotion expressions accumulate in time, highlighting how multisensory context can fasten the discrimination process when minimal information is available.
To compare advantage of non-fixation versus fixation of mesh in Laparoscopic totally Extra Peritoneal (TEP) repair of inguinal hernias
Authors: Gangopadhyay Ambar , Ghosh Bikash Chandra
Published: September 2018

Background: Mesh fixation during laparoscopic totally extra peritoneal repair is thought to be necessary to prevent recurrence of infections and post-operative complications. However, mesh fixation might increase the postoperative complications and chronic pain. This study was to describe the experience of a single surgeon at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital performing this operation. This study evaluates the outcomes of laparoscopic hernioplasty performed with and without mesh fixation at our institution.Aims and Objective: To compare advantage of non-fixation versus fixation of mesh in laparoscopic Totally Extra peritoneal (TEP) repair of inguinal hernias. This study was conducted for analysis of outcome with respect to pain, operative time, intra and postoperative complication, days of hospital stay, recurrence regarding the procedure between fixation and non-fixation of mesh in totally extra peritoneal repair of inguinal hernia.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital from January 2011 to April 2012. All patients admitted in General surgical unit presenting with uncomplicated unilateral inguinal hernias were included. A total of 60 patients were included in the study, of which 30 patients underwent TEP repair without fixation of mesh and for remaining 30 patients the mesh was fixed using metallic tacks.Results: Difference in average pain score at 24 hrs, 72 hrs, 1 month and 6 months was significant statistically (p =0.003, p = 0.003, p< 0.001 and p=0.001 respectively) when compared in both groups. There was no recurrence in the study period in either of the groups. The duration of operative time and days of hospital stay was higher in fixation group and was statistically significant.Conclusion: Mesh fixation appears to be disadvantageous in TEP repair of inguinal hernias compared to non- fixation of mesh as it is associated with higher operative time, higher postoperative complication and an increased likelihood of developing chronic groin pain. The omission of mesh fixation did not increase the risk of early hernia recurrence.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(4) 2018 35-40
Experimental and numerical analysis of the unreinforced and reinforced notched timber beam by a screw
Authors:   Division of Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thuyloi University, Vietnam, Tran Van Dang , Dong Dong ,   Division of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Bridge and Road Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Vietnam, Oudjene Marc ,   LERMAB, Lorraine University, France
Published: September 2018

Timber is highly anisotropic. It behaves differently in diverse directions. Tension and compression perpendicular to the grain present a low strength with respect to the ones parallel to the grain. To compensate for the lack, the self-tapping screw is an excellent choice for reinforcing the timber. This paper focuses on the notched timber beam with the experimental and numerical results. In the first part, the experimental results of the unreinforced notched beams and the screw reinforced notched beams under bending load will be presented. The second part describes a numerical study in which a 3D finite element (FE) model and a fast FE model of the notched beam reinforced by a self-tapping screw are realised. In particular, the fast FE model is simplified with the use of the screw’s model as a beam element having one translational degree of freedom. This model not only presents a good result in comparison with the experiment as well as the 3D FE model but also requires six times less computational times as compared to the 3D FE model.
Construction of a binary vector for the expression of the Aspergillus niger McoD laccase gene in the industrial filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae
Authors:   Genomics Unit, National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Thai Hanh Dung ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Tran Van-Tuan ,   Genomics Unit, National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: September 2018

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, also named as the koji mold, is a preferred host for enzyme production due to its prominent secretion ability into the culture medium. Fungal laccases are widely used in different industrial processes, especially in removing environmental pollutants. Up till now, little was known about the roles of some laccase genes from the black mold Aspergillus niger. The McoD laccase gene from A. niger includes three exons interrupted by two short introns. The respective coding sequence of the gene is computationally predicted to encode a secreted laccase of 563 amino acids. In this study, a binary vector carrying the A. nigerMcoD gene was successfully constructed for heterologous expression in the edible fungus A. oryzae. This vector was transformed into A. oryzae using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. The transformation efficiency was relatively high in two different auxotrophic A. oryzae strains, including RIB40∆pyrG and VS1∆pyrG. All the tested transformants possess in their genomes the construct for expression of the McoD laccase gene under control of the strong A. oryzae amyB promoter. The selected transformants were examined for the laccase activity using the ABTS substrate. The results showed that in comparison to the wild-type fungal strains, the transgenic strains could oxidise ABTS to form the sea green colour, which can be seen directly on the agar plate.
Implementing the Method of Memorizing Vocabulary in Pushing Students to Learn Arabic
Authors: Faizah Rohmatul
Published: September 2018

The method of memorizing the vocabulary is one of the educational methods in teaching Arabic in the Madrasah Tanwir al-Tsanawiyah al-Islamiyah Talun Sumberrejo Bojonegoro East Java. The activities of teaching students to memorize certain vocabulary under the supervision and guidance of the teacher, then given the task of memorizing the vocabulary in a certain period of time. The student pretended to memorize the vocabularies in front of the teacher temporarily or non-temporary depend on the desire of the teacher. It helps students to answer the question about the lesson on the Arabic language during the exam. So, students compete to learn Arabic in order to get the results fully in the lesson. Students return with training to memorize vocabularies. This method will make it easier for students to learn four language skills so that the Arabic language can be embodied and united in them. Problems in the implementation of the way to memorize the vocabulary is the teachers felt difficulty to apply the method of keeping vocabulary because of the difference in the ability of pupils in compositing of sentences of the vocabulary they memorized. Students feel difficulty writing the vocabulary they memorized than students feel heavy punishment. As the solution of the problems, the teacher should teach the Arabic language patiently and understand the conditions of the students, take care of the process of teaching, take the time to give greater attention to students with weak memory, give the students a lot of motivation to be active in learning and help students memorize and arrange the correct sentences, also to train students in writing the vocabulary repeatedly to read the vocabulary and order them to write.
EFISIENSI PUPUK POSFAT AKIBAT KOMBINASI INOKULASI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA)-SP-36TERHADAP ARSITEKSTUR AKAR KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis quineensis Jacq) DI MAIN NURSERY
Authors: LESTARI SRI UTAMI , MURYANTO MURYANTO , MUTRYARNY ENNY
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) – Pupuk SP-36 terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di main nursery. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, yang terdiri dari 9 (sembilan) taraf dan3 (tiga) ulangan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam, apabila F hitung ≥ F table 5% maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Duncant Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), panjang akar (cm), jumlah akar lateral (helai), luas daun (cm2) dan diameter batang (cm), arsitektur akar, serapan P. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinaSI FMA dan Pupuk SP-36 berpengaruh bernyata terhadap tinngi tanaman, luas daun dan panjang akar, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter jumlah daun, dan jumlah akar lateral. Hasil terbaik pemberian kombinasi FMA dan Pupuk SP-36 terdadap ada taraf perlakuan M4 dengan dosis FMA 15 gram/polybag dan dosis 2,25 gram/polybag. Kombinasi antara inokulasi FMA dan Pupuk SP-36 mempengaruhi arsitektur akar bibit kelapa sawi di main nursery, Kombinasi antara inokulasi FMA dan Pupuk SP-36 mempengaruhi serapan P tanaman kelapa sawit di main nursery
Auftakt zur globalen Anarchie
Authors: Wallerstein Immanuel
Published: September 2018

An analysis of the world system since World War II is given. It is argued, that the late summer glow of US-hegemony ended in 2001. Despite the military strength, which the USA shows at the moment, their hegemony is declining. The coming period will be one of anarchy, which the USA cannot control.
Lohnentwicklung und Deflationsgefahren in Deutschland und Europa
Authors: Hein Eckhard , Schulten Thorstem , Truger Achim
Published: September 2018

Starting from a post-Keynesian model of the relationship between wages, prices and employment this paper studies the development of unit labour costs and inflation in Germany and Europe in the first place. Then, the reasons for the deflationary course of wages, in particular in Germany, are analysed. Finally the impact of deflationary wage policies on German and European stagnation are discussed and it is concluded, that German wage policies do not only exacerbate stagnation and deflationary tendencies in Germany but might also impose a deflationary impact on the EMU.
Emanzipation oder Bildungslobby?
Authors: Hoffrogge Ralf
Published: September 2018

At the end of 2003 German students started their biggest protest-movement since the year 1997. The article gives a short inside-view of the actual protests, combined with a historical analysis of German student movements in the past. The analysis shows that the students dilemma between demanding "more money for our university" and further emancipatoric aims. Mter a period of educational lobbyism in the nineties, today students seem to re-invent the political protest.
Editorial: Umbrüche des Sozialstaats
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Umbrüche des Sozialstaats
Deutschland – eine „Basarökonomie“?
Authors: Hoffmann Jürgen
Published: September 2018

A prominent current discourse on German economy sees Germany – due to outsourcing and global sourcing strategies – becoming more and more a “bazaareconomy”, in which the share of German based added value of products is decreasing rapidly. The reasons are seen in high labour costs and “sclerotic” labour markets under pressure of globalised markets – therefore neoliberal policies seem to be the only remedy against the so-called “German disease”. These arguments are qualified by discussing the globalisation hypothesis, analysing the contradictions of outsourcing processes and putting the stress upon factors of localisation and the dominant role of regions in globalised markets. Instead of speaking of a “bazaareconomy”, the authors’ identifies a process of re-allocation of production in internationalised markets and policies of strengthening the existing high level of regional infrastructures would underpin the high productive “Rhineland capitalism”, while neoliberal policies tend to destroy its comparative advantages. The same applies to microeconomic actions of capital reducing investments in favour of short term high profits abroad and thus initiating a vicious circle: the loss of investment would undermine the high productive regional networks as a pillar of “high quality – high qualification – high wage”-production in Germany and thus investment would become less attractive.
Alkohol im Tank – Bio-Kraftstoffe und die Grenzen moderner Mobilität
Authors: Berger Hartwig
Published: September 2018

The article discusses the future of mobility in the light of energy resources. Fossil fuel will not be available for a long time - not to mention its growing environmental and political conflicts. In analysing the potential of biofuel it is argued that the high demands of modern mobility can hardly be fulfilled in the future. Furthermore, the change into using biofuel will probably lead to increasing conflicts between the fuel market and the food market, as well as to conflicts with regional agricultural networks in the third world. Petrol imperialism might be replaced by bio imperialism. Therefore, mobility on a solar base pursues a double strategy of raising efficiency on the one hand and strongly reducing mobility itself on the other.
Ökonomismus zum Wohlfühlen
Authors: Lessenich Stephan
Published: September 2018

Gøsta Esping-Andersen is the top star not only of contemporary comparative welfare state research but of European social democrats struggling for welfare state reform as well. The article discusses Esping-Andersen’s vision of a „new welfare state“ and points out why finally even German social democracy discovered the sex appeal of his plea for „investing in women and children“.
Editorial: Kapitalismus(kritik) und Ungleichheit
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Kapitalismus(kritik) und Ungleichheit
Gegen diesen EU-Verfassungsvertrag
Authors: Pflüger Tobias
Published: September 2018

The EU-Constitution, as it looks now, includes not only an orientation on neoliberal policies, an essential part is also the “common defence policy”, pressing the EU members to spend more money for military purposes and preparing the EU for being a strong military power, which can intervene worldwide.
Die Wiederkehr des Verdrängten am Beispiel des Ekels
Authors: Lorey Isabell
Published: September 2018

One year ago in German feuilletons, disgust and abhorrence were one of the first reactions on the publication of the photos of torture. Especially on the photos with Lynndie England. The paper follows this reactions of disgust and asks for the meaning of the pictures in the cultural imaginary of the west.
Die hegemoniale Krise und die Krise der Linken in Lateinamerika
Authors: Sader Emir
Published: September 2018

Since the economic crises of 1994 in Mexico, 1999 in Brazil, and 2001 in Argentina, the neoliberal model has been loosing its legitimacy all over Latin America. Being confronted with massive popular protests, more than ten governments have had to step down in the last couple of years. But so far, the Latin American left has not been able to come up with an alternative project, which could effectively challenge the neoliberal hegemony. In fact, the recently elected left governments of Lula in Brazil and Tabaré Vazquez in Uruguay continue their predecessors' politics of fiscal adjustment. The article discusses the origins, strengths, and weaknesses of neoliberal hegemony in Latin America, and the future perspectives for a strong antineoliberal movement.
Chinas langer Marsch in die neoliberale Weltwirtschaft
Authors: Cho Hyekyung
Published: September 2018

Since 1979 China’s trade development has been accompanied and facilitated by neo liberal globalization. However, it did not follow neo liberal road. Until its entry into the WTO in 2001, China resolutely refused to open its domestic markets and ignored trade rules regarded as global “best practice”. While remaining among the most protected economies in the world, it managed to foster trade through a set of free trade arrangements applied exclusively to foreign firms and a few stateowned firms engaged in export processing. But the dual trade regime in China has undergone significant changes, since it embraced neo liberal domestic reforms in the mid-1990s. China’s accession to the WTO was the consequence of a substantial shift in development paradigm from state-led to market-led growth. In this paper the tension between policies of completing market economy and retaining state controls over economic process is discussed. Faced with the increasing internal and external pressures of deregulating economy it is a striking question how and if these contradictory policies continue to shape future development in China.
Soziale Bewegungen in Lateinamerika
Authors: Bruckmann "Mónica , Dos Santos Theotonio
Published: September 2018

At the beginning of the 20th century, social movements in Latin America were heavily influenced by anarchist immigrants from Europe and then by the ideological struggles around the Russian revolution. Beginning in the 1930s, many social movements started to incorporate into leftwing and populist parties and governments, such as the Cardenismo in Mexico. Facing the shift of many governments towards the left and the 'threat' of socialist Cuba, ultrarightwing groups and the military, supported by the US, responded in many countries with brutal repression and opened the neoliberal era. Today, after 30 years of repression and neoliberal hegemony, the social movements are gaining strength again in many Latin American countries. With the anti-globalization movement, new insurrections like the Zapatismo in Mexico, and some leftwing governments coming into power in Venezuela, Brasil and other countries, there appears to be a new turn in Latin America's road to the future.
Venezuelas „bolivarianischer Prozess“ Mit Gilles Deleuze in Caracas
Authors: Zelik Raul
Published: September 2018

The „Bolivarian Process“ in Venezuela is the result of a profound crisis of representation that affects the Venezuelan society since the economic crisis of the 1980s. The election of officer Hugo Chávez in 1998 has brought, through the years, an important change of government policies, but it is not identical to the radical social processes that overthrew the old system. To understand what is going on in Venezuela, it might be useful to discuss Deleuzes/Guattaris concept of rhizomes and machines. The French philosophers argued that changes (in society and elsewhere) should not be understood as “evolutions”, but as complex combinations of singularities. The Venezuelan transformation in the last years can be analyzed in this sense as a process without central leadership, representation, and subject – in spite of the overwhelming figure of president Chávez.
Uruguay. Ein lateinamerikanisches Modell?
Authors: Koch Ernesto
Published: September 2018

A history of social struggles in Uruguay is given, from the fights against the Spaniards in early 19th century until the present time. These fights were always influenced by imperialist appropriation of the country. After the Spain has withdrawn it was at first the English Imperialism, later the US-Imperialism which forced Uruguay’s economy to serve its needs. A comprise between rival fractions of Uruguay’s ruling class brought the country a long lasting period of stability and also some social reforms. Economic crisis, increasing social protest and a brutal military regime ended this period in the early seventies. A broad coalition of the Left Frente Amplio could not only survive the military regime, it grew continuously under democratic conditions. Since 1989 Frente Amplio rules in Montevideo, capital and biggest department of the country, and in 2004, its candidate won the presidential elections, starting a new economic policy as well as a new foreign policy.
Die Notwendigkeit einer alternativen Entwicklungsstrategie
Authors: Guillén R. Arturo
Published: September 2018

Furtado was one of the most important economic thinkers of Latin America. Together with Raul Prebisch he was the founder of Latin American Structuralism in developmental theory. In this article, Furtados approach is discussed in view for an economic model alternative to the neoliberal one. Three main points are emphasized: income distribution and its implication for the development of capitalism, the tendency increasing external debts, and the role of monetary and currency politics.
Bestrafung, Entpolitisierung, rassistische Einordnung
Authors: Wacquant Loïc
Published: September 2018

In the USA Blacks are overrepresented in prisons, in the European Union we have the same phenomenon with immigrants from postcolonial states and certain ethnic groups. In both cases the overincarceration is not caused by a special propensity to criminal acts of these groups, but by a certain neoliberal strategy to react with the penal system against urban poverty. In the case of the EU it is also a ritual response to processes of immigration, producing boundaries, which allow to confirm a European citizenship. The further result of this strategy is depoliticization of social and political problems as well as a certain racialization.
Governance von Zukunftsversprechen
Authors: Schaper-Rinkel Petra
Published: September 2018

Nanotechnology counts as one of the key technologies of 21st century with enormous potentials. Until now it is not very clear, which possibilities this technology actually has, it is above all a promise. But this promise didn’t emerge ‘ naturally’, it is the result of certain discourses. The promise of nanotechnology is as well the product as the tool of particular governance strategies. These strategies are investigated in different dimensions.
„Film ab“
Authors: Bretthauer Lars
Published: September 2018

With the implementation of digital technologies in the movie industry, the established relations of distribution and consumption were partly undermined by peer-to-peer-filesharingnetworks and the private use of CD- and DVD-burners. This process was accompanied by heavy protests and campaigns of the movie industry labelling “movie piracy” as a serious crime. Drawing on the framework of materialist state theories, this article examines the struggles in the legal re-regulation of the German Urheberrecht concerning the accepted use of digital technologies for private use in the process of movie distribution and consumption (forms of intervention), and the institutional selective access of social forces to the political decision process’ in the state apparatus’ (forms of representation). Secondly, this article is concerned with the struggles in the German civil society that are centred around the initiation of a new hegemonic world-view consisting of the acceptance of the industry’s private property rights on digitalised movies: the included the different threat and surveillance strategies pursued by the movie industry and the different forms of protest and resistance against it.
Technikkonzeptionen der Nationalökonomie in der Weimarer Republik
Authors: Köster Roman
Published: September 2018

The Weimar Republic has been a period in which the German society was subject to strong tensions as the former social order had collapsed. In this situation economists were searching for new concepts for the balance of social forces especially between technology and economy. The optimistic view of technology as a saviour was followed by deception in view of the actual experiences after the world economic crisis resulting in undemocratic visions of organic order built on a strong state.
Der kurze Sommer des akademischen Marxismus oder: Wie weiter mit der PROKLA?
Authors: Altvater Elmar
Published: September 2018

Leaving the editorial board of PROKLA after 35 years the author confronts the political and social conditions under which PROKLA originated and developed with the changing conditions nowadays. He discusses the consequences for academic Marxism in general and specially for PROKLA and their connections with social movements.
Baby-Bataillone
Authors: Baureithel Ulrike
Published: September 2018

The present argument over the „demographical crisis“ in Germany is characterised by only women being considered as potential mothers. Childless women however are accused of selfishly pursuing their careers and are predicted to spend their remaining years alone. Thereby, the gap between those women with children and those without is reinforced. This article examines these ideological formulas, contrasts them with women’s actual attitudes (convictions) and living conditions, and finally raises the question why politically active women remain so conspicuously silent in this discussion.
Sozialräumliche Konflikte in der unternehmerischen Stadt
Authors: Lebuhn Henrik
Published: September 2018

Entrepreneurial urban politics not only aim at up-grading a locality for interurban competition. Under the label of New Public Management, they also remodel the city administration according to economic criteria of efficency. As a result, the political arena for urban social movements is undergoing severe changes. In the case of Berlin, New Public Management reforms seem to disadvantage grassroots groups that protest the privatization of public space, and lead to a political gap between social movements and left political parlamentarians.
Studi Eksplorasi Motor Bakar Berbahan Bakar Ganda dalam Upaya Mendukung Pengembangan Motor Bakar Berbahan Bakar Gas Alam
Authors: Harbintoro Sony , - Pujiyanto
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai eksplorasi motor bakar berbahan bakar ganda dalam upaya mendukung pengembangan motor bakar berbahan bakar gas alam telah dilaksanakan di MIDC Bandung. Pada motor bakar pembakaran dalam, berbahan bakar bensin dan berbahan bakar gas terdapat beberapa perbedaan, studi ini menganalisis dampak dari penggunaan bahan bakar gas terhadap komponenkomponen motor bakar berbahanbakar bensin.Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan studi pustaka, pencarian formula perhitungan bahan bakar gas, melakukan identifikasi desain konseptual terhadap motor bakar yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian, melakukan pengujian performa motor bakar,dan melakukan analisa data. Dari hasil pengujian terhadap motor bakar yang sama dengan menggunakan bahan bakar bensin dan gas LPG didapat data temperatur pada beberapa komponen motor bakar yang berhubungan dengan proses pembakaran. Dari hasil studi didapat bahwa tidak ada perbedaan temperatur yang signifikan pada beberapa komponen motor bakar yang menggunakan bahan bakar bensin dan bahan bakar gas LPG. Kata kunci: eksperimental, motor bakar, berbahan bakar ganda, gas alam
Pengendali Otomasi 3-Axis Berbasis PC pada Simulasi Proses Las
Authors: Hartono Puji , Nauval Fauzi M.
Published: September 2018

Abstrak Proses pengelasan manual memiliki beberapa kekurangan diantaranya adalah hasil yang kurang homogen dan kuantitas hasil yang terbatas. Pada produksi masal yang membutuhkan kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik, terlebih lagi pada produksi yang harus mengejar kapasitas produksi tertentu tetapi terbatas waktunya, Hal tersebut menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini.          Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksinya tanpa terbatasnya waktu, salah satunya dengan cara melakukan proses otomasi, yakni dengan simulasi pada proses las menggunakan robot 2-axis atau lebih. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan metodologi pengendali otomasi 3-axis berbasis PC (Personal Computer) dengan menggunakan robot 3-axis yang dikendalikandengan 3 buah motor stepper, dimana motor stepper tersebut secara hardware dikendalikan oleh driver motor stepper HY-TB3DV-M yang mampu mengendalikan motor sampai 3,5 Ampere. Selain itu, digunakan pula software Mach3 dan EMC2, kedua software tersebut menerima masukan G-Code yang akan diterjemahkan ke dalam robot 3-axis. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa robot 3-axis dapat melakukan gerakan-gerakan seperti yang ada pada proses pengelasan seperti gerakan  zig-zag dan gerakan lainnyasesuai dengan G-Code yang dimasukkan ke software seperti yang terlihat dalam simulasi pada proses las. Kode “G-CODE” dapat melakukan semua gerakan berbasis 3-axis. Pengendali otomasi 3-axis menggunakan software berbasis PC ini sebagai alternatif pengganti kontrol unit yang harganya mahal. Kata Kunci : Pengendali otomasi, Otomasi 3-axis, Simulasi proses las, otomasi berbasis PC