bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic obesity and the risk of knee osteoarthritis progression in elderly community residents: A 3‐year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Go Dong Jin , Kim Dong Hyun , Guermazi Ali , Crema Michel Daoud , Hunter David J. , Hwang Hyun Sook , Kim Hyun Ah
Published: December 2021

Objective

Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem worldwide associated with obesity, thus drawing attention to its relation to osteoarthritis (OA). However, it is still uncertain whether metabolic syndrome or body fat distribution is associated with knee OA. The aim of this longitudinal study was to elucidate the association between metabolic obesity and adverse structural changes of knee OA assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Participants were recruited from the Hallym Aging Study cohort in Korea. Knee MRI scans, along with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, were assessed in 226 participants at baseline and after 3 years. The structural progression in the tibiofemoral joint was evaluated using the semi‐quantitative Whole‐Organ MRI Score (WORMS) for cartilage morphology and bone marrow lesions (BML). Logistic regression with generalized estimating equation was performed for associations of metabolic risk factors with worsening of WORMS scores at the subregional level.

Results

In the medial compartment, fat mass in women was associated with cartilage loss, but the statistical significance disappeared after adjusting for body mass index. Metabolic syndrome and each of its components were not associated with cartilage loss or increase of BML. On the other hand, the interaction effects of metabolic syndrome on the association between obesity and knee OA progression were not significant.

Conclusion

In this cohort, metabolic effects of obesity on knee cartilage damage and BML were not demonstrated. Further large‐scale studies are required to prove the causal relationship between metabolic obesity and knee OA.
Does corruption shape firm centralisation? Evidence from state‐owned enterprises in China
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Zhu Ling , Qin Ni
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the effects of corruption on centralisation in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). Based on a unique setting in China where both parent firms' and the whole business group’s financial statements are mandatorily disclosed, we construct a novel proxy of centralisation exploiting the allocation decision rights within business groups. We then introduce a quasi‐natural experiment (i.e., China’s anti‐corruption campaign) to present that the reduction of corruption significantly enhances the centralisation of SOEs. A plausible mechanism is that the anti‐corruption campaign reshapes firms' internal governance and operation. Our findings are particularly pronounced for SOEs with low levels of financing conditions and ownership concentration.
Baseline‐ and treatment‐associated pain in the X:BOT comparative effectiveness study of extended‐release naltrexone versus buprenorphine‐naloxone for OUD
Authors: Wang An‐Li , Shulman Matisyahu , Choo Tse‐Hwei , Pavlicova Martina , Langleben Daniel D. , Nunes Edward V. , Rotrosen John
Published: December 2021

Chronic pain is highly prevalent among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, little is known about how pharmacological treatments for OUD, for example, extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) and buprenorphine‐naloxone (BUP‐NX), affect pain. To begin addressing this question, we performed a secondary analysis of pain data on a large prospective 24‐week, open‐label, randomized‐controlled comparative effectiveness trial of XR‐NTX versus BUP‐NX (X:BOT trial). Participants' pain status was measured by the EuroQol (EQ‐5D). Based on their responses to the pain question at baseline, participants were dichotomized into “Pain” versus “No Pain” categories. Participant's pain status was evaluated every 4 weeks. A mixed effects longitudinal logistic regression model was fitted to examine the differential effect of XR‐NTX versus BUP‐NX on pain, modelling pain at all available follow‐up assessments, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline pain. A total of 474 individuals who were successfully inducted onto their assigned medications were included in this analysis. Among participants endorsing pain at baseline, substantial reductions in pain were observed over the course of the study in both treatment groups. Howecver reduction in pain was slightly greater in the group treated with XR‐NTX than the one treated with BUP‐NX (OR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.07–2.40], P = 0.023). Future research using instruments and design specifically focused on pain could extend the present observations and evaluate their clinical significance.
Skipping breakfast is associated with an increased long‐term cardiovascular mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) but not MAFLD‐free individuals
Authors: Xie Jiarong , Huang Hangkai , Chen Yishu , Xu Lei , Xu Chengfu
Published: December 2021

Background

Balancing calorie control to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by skipping breakfast while guarding against its potential risks is a challenge.

Aims

To explore the association between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods

A total of 9926 individuals (including 3004 MAFLD participants) aged 20 years or older were enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and followed for up to 27 years. All participants were classified according to the frequency of breakfast consumption (every day, some days, rarely and never). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular mortality.

Results

During the 212 239 person‐years of follow‐up, we documented a total of 2595 deaths including 603 deaths from CVDs. Of these, 1039 deaths including 253 deaths from CVDs were recorded in MAFLD individuals. MAFLD individuals showed higher cardiovascular mortality than MAFLD‐free controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, skipping breakfast was independently associated with high cardiovascular mortality risk (adjusted HR: 2.850, 95% CI: 1.490‐5.452; P = 0.002), and a high cerebrovascular disease mortality risk (adjusted HR: 5.570, 95% CI: 1.814‐17.099; P = 0.003) in participants with MAFLD. However, skipping breakfast was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD‐free individuals (adjusted HR: 1.526, 95% CI: 0.701‐3.326; P = 0.280).

Conclusions

In this US population‐based study, skipping breakfast was associated with a high risk of cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD but not MAFLD‐free individuals.
Watching the watchers: A report on the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by editors and editorial board members of dental journals
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano
Published: December 2021

Reporting potential conflicts of interest (COIs) by all parties involved in the publication process is of pivotal importance to increase trust in research. The present study assessed the disclosure of potential COIs of editors and editorial board members of high‐ranked dental journals. From 28 April 2021 to 05 May 2021, the websites of 91 dental journals classified by impact factor (IF) were scrutinized to obtain information on the reporting of COI forms of editors and board members, and whether these individuals reported their detailed curriculum vitae (CV). The COI forms were assessed to understand the potential financial and non‐financial COIs of editors and board members. Only 11 (12.1%) journals reported COI forms of editors‐in‐chief (EICs) and associate editors (AEs). No journal reported a COI form of the editorial board members. Of the 100 editors (EICs plus AEs), 25 (25.%) declared connections to for‐profit organisations, and seven (7%) to not‐for‐profit organisations. Five (5%) editors (all AEs) reported non‐financial COIs, and 35 (35%) editors reported nothing to declare. Nine (9.9%) journals reported a short CV of editors, which were not informative regarding potential COIs. Editors and editorial board members of high‐ranked dental journals should report in more detail their potential COIs.
Modeling impact and cost‐effectiveness of driving‐Y gene drives for malaria elimination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Metchanun Nawaphan , Borgemeister Christian , Amzati Gaston , von Braun Joachim , Nikolov Milen , Selvaraj Prashanth , Gerardin Jaline
Published: December 2021

Malaria elimination will be challenging in countries that currently continue to bear high malaria burden. Sex‐ratio‐distorting gene drives, such as driving‐Y, could play a role in an integrated elimination strategy if they can effectively suppress vector populations. Using a spatially explicit, agent‐based model of malaria transmission in eight provinces spanning the range of transmission intensities across the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we predict the impact and cost‐effectiveness of integrating driving‐Y gene drive mosquitoes in malaria elimination strategies that include existing interventions such as insecticide‐treated nets and case management of symptomatic malaria. Gene drive mosquitoes could eliminate malaria and were the most cost‐effective intervention overall if the drive component was highly effective with at least 95% X‐shredder efficiency at relatively low fertility cost, and associated cost of deployment below 7.17 $int per person per year. Suppression gene drive could be a cost‐effective supplemental intervention for malaria elimination, but tight constraints on drive effectiveness and cost ceilings may limit its feasibility.
Global soil organic carbon changes and economic revenues with biochar application
Authors: Han Mengjie , Zhao Qing , Li Wei , Ciais Philippe , Wang Ying‐Ping , Goll Daniel S. , Zhu Lei , Zhao Zhe , Wang Jingmeng , Wei Yuan , Wu Fengchang
Published: December 2021

Biochar has been proposed as a promising negative CO2 emission technology to mitigate future climate change with the additional benefit of increasing agricultural production. However, the spatial responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to biochar addition in cropland are still uncertain, and the economic feasibility of large‐scale biochar implementation remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the response of SOC to biochar addition using 389 paired field measurements. The results show that biochar addition significantly increased SOC by 45.8% on average with large regional variations. Using a random forest model trained with soil, climate, biotic, biochar, and management factors, we found that the response of SOC to biochar addition was mainly dependent on biochar application rates, initial SOC, edaphic (e.g., pH), and climatic (e.g., mean annual precipitation) variables. Combined with the predicted SOC changes to biochar addition on the global cropland, we assessed the revenue of the biochar system based on the current and potential pyrolysis plants in the world using the life‐cycle analysis. Net revenue of the currently existing 144 pyrolysis plants increases with larger plant capacity and higher carbon price. Potential revenue of building new plants is high in regions like America and Europe but low in regions with infertile soil, low crop residues availability, and inconvenient transportation. The global CO2 removal of biochar application is 6.6 Tg CO2e (CO2 equivalent) year−1 with a net revenue of $ 177 million dollars at a carbon price of $ 50 t−1 CO2 for current pyrolysis plants with a biomass‐processing capacity of 20,000 t year−1. Our study provides a full economic assessment of idealized biochar addition scenarios and identifies the locations with maximal potential revenues with new pyrolysis plants.
Peanut protein – an underutilised by‐product with great potential: a review
Authors: Boukid Fatma
Published: December 2021

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth important oilseed in the world. After oil extraction, defatted peanut is a protein‐rich by‐product containing around 50% of protein that can enable the production of protein isolates (90% protein) and concentrates (70% protein). Peanut protein has an excellent amino acid profile, a desirable volatile profile, a low level of antinutritional factors and a steady supply. Despite these advantages, peanut protein is underutilised because of its poor functional properties caused by the native globular structure and extraction conditions. Nutritional limitations are its deficiency in methionine and lysine and its association with allergic reaction for genetically predisposed subjects. To promote the valorisation of peanut protein in foods, it is very important to ensure a better functionality and a better nutritional value. This review intends to cover the properties of native peanut protein and to discuss innovative strategies including physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve the functionality and to mitigate allergens. These strategies have different degree of success in terms of protein quality and functionality, yield, sustainability and convenience. More investigation is required to select the processing or the combination of processing to boost the application of peanut protein as a valid alternative protein.
Recent developments in pasteurising seeds and their products using radio frequency heating: a review
Authors: Guan Xiangyu , Lin Biying , Xu Yuanmei , Yang Gaoji , Xu Juanjuan , Zhang Shuang , Li Rui , Wang Shaojin
Published: December 2021

Food‐borne or plant diseases mainly rely on the spread of seeds with pathogens. It is vital to eliminate food/seed‐borne pathogens of seeds and their products before commercial import/export or circulation. Radio frequency (RF) heating is identified as an effective method with lack of chemical residues, rapid or volumetric heating and large penetration depth, and also validated as a potential physical method to eliminate pests or pathogens in agricultural products or foods. Although, many reviews have summarised the applications of RF treatment during the process of foods, little comprehensive review has been focused on seeds and their products pasteurised by the RF energy. Comprehensive summary about principles and main applications of RF energy for pasteurising seeds and their products was reported in this review. This review also introduced some typical RF heating systems, thermal death kinetics of pathogens, influences of RF heating on germination rate of seeds and some ways for improving uniformity of RF heating. Furthermore, this review recommended the future research directions about treatment of seeds and their products using RF energy, especially for seed industry to control the pathogens in seeds without reducing their quality after RF treatments.
LipidSearch‐based manual comparative analysis of long‐chain free fatty acids in thermal processed tilapia muscles: workflow, thermal processing effect and comparative lipid analysis
Authors: Wu Tingting , Guo Hao , Zhang Ting , Sun Rui , Tao Ningping , Wang Xichang , Zhong Jian
Published: December 2021

LipidSearch is a useful tool to analyse lipid profiles in tissues. In this work, a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐LipidSearch‐based manual comparative analysis method was built to analyse the effects of thermal processing methods (steaming, boiling and roasting) on long‐chain free fatty acid species in tilapia muscles. Then, the fatty acid profiles of raw and thermal processed tilapia muscles were analysed. About 66 fatty acid species were present in the raw, steamed, boiled and roasted tilapia muscles, and only five fatty acid species had higher sensitivity in positive ionisation mode than negative ionisation mode of mass spectrometry. Thermal processing mainly had no obvious effects on the amounts of about 60% free fatty acid species. Two, two, five and twelve fatty acid species could be the best potential biomarkers for differentiation of raw, steamed, boiled and roasted, respectively, tilapia muscles in our experiments. This work could provide a workflow of LipidSearch analysis and basic information on the effect of thermal processing on the long‐chain free fatty acid profile of foods.
Labour law in the 100 years of the International Labour Review
Authors: DUKES Ruth , FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy
Published: December 2021

This Centenary Issue presents a selection of the articles on labour law that were published in the International Labour Review (ILR) during its first 100 years. The articles were chosen for their contribution to two tracks of debate and discourse. The first concerns a progression of ideas over time with respect to the scope and substance of labour law in general. The second charts the evolution of international labour law more specifically. This introduction provides a narrative weaving together the landmarks that were selected in each of these tracks and pointing out recurring themes, questions and challenges as well as changing points of view.
Influence of wash aids on Bacillus spore removal from an asphalt parking lot using two spray-based washing methods
Authors: Mikelonis Anne M. , Fuller Christopher , Ratliff Katherine , Touati Abderrahmane , Calfee Michael W.
Published: December 2021

Aims

The goal of this study was to measure the removal efficacy of Bacillus atrophaeus spores from a parking lot using spray-based washing methods (a pressure washer and a garden hose) and wash aids. B. atrophaeus is a commonly used nonpathogenic surrogate for B. anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax and a deadly bioterrorism agent that would cause major disruptions and damage to public health should it be disseminated over an urban area.

Methods and Results

Five wash aids (1 mM sodium chloride, an Instant Ocean® seawater solution, 0.01% Tween 20, 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and unamended tap water) were used along with two different spray sequences in this study. Across all treatment conditions, 3.7–6.4 log10 colony forming unit were recovered in the runoff water, and 0.15%–23% of spores were removed from the surface of the parking lot.

Conclusions

Pressure washing removed more spores than the garden hose, and for both types of washing methods, the first pass removed more spores than the subsequent passes. The Instant Ocean and Tween 20 wash aids were found to significantly increase the percentage of spore removal when using the pressure washer, but the overall increase was only 1%–2% compared to the tap water alone.

Significance and Impact of Study

This study provides public officials and emergency responders with baseline spore physical removal information for situations where a corrosive disinfectant might have a negative impact on the environment and washing is being considered as an alternative remediation approach.
Perceived to be incompetent, but not a risk: Why men are evaluated as less suitable for childcare work than women
Authors: Sczesny Sabine , Nater Christa , Haines Serena
Published: December 2021

Men are widely underrepresented in early childhood education and care worldwide. Professional childcare is often believed to require communal qualities typically associated with the female gender role, like being sensitive to others' needs. Men's underrepresentation in childcare work likely occurs as a result of the perceived incongruity between communal qualities required for childcare work and agentic qualities associated with men and the male gender role. Using a between‐subjects design, this research examined how personality traits (communal vs. agentic) of people interested in early childcare and their gender (woman vs. man) affect evaluations of their suitability for childcare work. This online experiment further investigated the potential underlying mechanisms—ascribed childcare competence and perceived risk of perpetrating child abuse—and tested whether these explanations contribute to men's less favorable evaluations. Results showed that participants (N = 242) evaluated the communal candidate as more suitable for childcare work than the agentic candidate, and the male candidate as less suitable than the female candidate. Structural equation modeling showed that lower ascribed childcare competence, but not greater perceived risk of perpetrating sexual or physical child abuse, contributed to men's lower perceived suitability. This research provides support for the reasoning that persisting gender stereotypes can hinder men's entry into childcare work, as people discount men's competence and ability to care for children. Moreover, this research suggests that incongruity theories are also valid in the context of men pursuing traditionally female‐dominated communal roles. Practical implications are discussed in relation to strategies for increasing gender diversity in childcare work.
Evaluation of radiolabeled acetylcholine synthesis and release in rat striatum
Authors: Muramatsu Ikunobu , Uwada Junsuke , Chihara Kazuyasu , Sada Kiyonao , Wang Mao‐Hsien , Yazawa Takashi , Taniguchi Takanobu , Ishibashi Takaharu , Masuoka Takayoshi
Published: December 2021

Cholinergic transmission underlies higher brain functions such as cognition and movement. To elucidate the process whereby acetylcholine (ACh) release is maintained and regulated in the central nervous system, uptake of [3H]choline and subsequent synthesis and release of [3H]ACh were investigated in rat striatal segments. Incubation with [3H]choline elicited efficient uptake via high‐affinity choline transporter‐1, resulting in accumulation of [3H]choline and [3H]ACh. However, following inhibition of ACh esterase (AChE), incubation with [3H]choline led predominantly to the accumulation of [3H]ACh. Electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization selectively released [3H]ACh but not [3H]choline. [3H]ACh release gradually declined upon repetitive stimulation, whereas the release was reproducible under inhibition of AChE. [3H]ACh release was abolished after treatment with vesamicol, an inhibitor of vesicular ACh transporter. These results suggest that releasable ACh is continually replenished from the cytosol to releasable pools of cholinergic vesicles to maintain cholinergic transmission. [3H]ACh release evoked by electrical stimulation was abolished by tetrodotoxin, but that induced by KCl was largely resistant. ACh release was Ca2+ dependent and exhibited slightly different sensitivities to N‐ and P‐type Ca2+ channel toxins (ω‐conotoxin GVIA and ω‐agatoxin IVA, respectively) between both stimuli. [3H]ACh release was negatively regulated by M2 muscarinic and D2 dopaminergic receptors. The present results suggest that inhibition of AChE within cholinergic neurons and of presynaptic negative regulation of ACh release contributes to maintenance and facilitation of cholinergic transmission, providing a potentially useful clue for the development of therapies for cholinergic dysfunction‐associated disorders, in addition to inhibition of synaptic cleft AChE.

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Precision mouse models of Yars/dominant intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type C and Sptlc1/hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1
Authors: Hines Timothy J. , Tadenev Abigail L. D. , Lone Museer A. , Hatton Courtney L. , Bagasrawala Inseyah , Stum Morgane G. , Miers Kathy E. , Hornemann Thorsten , Burgess Robert W.
Published: December 2021

Animal models of neurodegenerative diseases such as inherited peripheral neuropathies sometimes accurately recreate the pathophysiology of the human disease, and sometimes accurately recreate the genetic perturbations found in patients. Ideally, models achieve both, but this is not always possible; nonetheless, such models are informative. Here we describe two animal models of inherited peripheral neuropathy: mice with a mutation in tyrosyl tRNA‐synthetase, YarsE196K, modeling dominant intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type C (diCMTC), and mice with a mutation in serine palmitoyltransferase long chain 1, Sptlc1C133W, modeling hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1). YarsE196K mice develop disease‐relevant phenotypes including reduced motor performance and reduced nerve conduction velocities by 4 months of age. Peripheral motor axons are reduced in size, but there is no reduction in axon number and plasma neurofilament light chain levels are not increased. Unlike the dominant human mutations, the YarsE196K mice only show these phenotypes as homozygotes, or as compound heterozygotes with a null allele, and no phenotype is observed in E196K or null heterozygotes. The Sptlc1C133W mice carry a knockin allele and show the anticipated increase in 1‐deoxysphingolipids in circulation and in a variety of tissues. They also have mild behavioral defects consistent with HSAN1, but do not show neurophysiological defects or axon loss in peripheral nerves or in the epidermis of the hind paw or tail. Thus, despite the biochemical phenotype, the Sptlc1C133W mice do not show a strong neuropathy phenotype. Surprisingly, these mice were lethal as homozygotes, but the heterozygous genotype studied corresponds to the dominant genetics seen in humans. Thus, YarsE196K homozygous mice have a relevant phenotype, but imprecisely reproduce the human genetics, whereas the Sptlc1C133W mice precisely reproduce the human genetics, but do not recreate the disease phenotype. Despite these shortcomings, both models are informative and will be useful for future research.
Nurses’ coping strategies during and after an adult in‐hospital resuscitation attempt: A scoping study
Authors: Blomquist Michael , Lasiter Sue
Published: December 2021

Aim

A scoping study was conducted to identify and synthesise literature about nurse coping strategies during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPRs).

Background

Nurses frequently engage in CPR events that often lead to patient deaths thereby negatively impacting nurses’ mental and physical health compromising patient safety. Little research has been conducted to explore coping strategies nurses use during and after a CPR event.

Design

Arksey and O’Malley's framework was used to guide the review process and PRISMA‐ScR checklist for reporting the study.

Methods

A comprehensive search (January 1, 1996 – August 1, 2021) using ProQuest, PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed databases to locate peer‐reviewed publications that met the study's inclusion criteria. We included publications of data collected from nurses who experienced a non‐simulated adult CPR event in an acute or critical care hospital setting. Lazarus and Folkman's Ways of Coping Checklist, based on the transactional theory of stress and coping, was used to guide data analysis and categorise and label the coping strategies used by nurses.

Results

The search returned 2689 articles, and nine articles comprised the sample after excluding duplicates, titles, abstracts and full‐text articles not meeting the inclusion criteria. Nine articles were reviewed to identify the coping strategies used by nurses during and after a CPR event. These strategies were grouped into eight categories.

Conclusion

When resuscitation was successful, the experience carried little to no stress. The coping strategy most often used during a resuscitation attempt was planful problem solving. The coping strategies used after a failed resuscitation attempt were planful problem solving and seeking social support. Nurses reported that debriefing sessions were not desirable venues for discussing post‐resuscitation stress.

Relevance to clinical practice

The provision of support by employers and colleagues must be intentionally planned and offered to nurses exposed to the stress induced by unsuccessful attempts at CPR.
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase restrains proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Zhoulei , Zhong Linlin , Chen Youguo
Published: December 2021

Aim

Cervical cancer is one of common diseases among women. There are limited therapies for patients with metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer. This study sought to explore the role of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an important metabolic enzyme, in cervical cancer progression.

Methods

In in vitro experiments, MAGL expression was inhibited by si‐MAGL or JZL184 in cervical cancer cells. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to measure the expression of target molecules. Proliferation of cervical cancer cells was assessed by CCK‐8 and colony formation assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. The in vivo tumor growth was detected in nude mice. TUNEL was utilized to observe apoptotic cells in tumor tissues.

Results

MAGL was upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cells. Further, MAGL inhibition suppressed the growth of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, apoptosis and G1‐phase cell cycle arrest were induced by MAGL knockdown. MAGL silencing‐mediated upregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase‐3, and downregulation of Bcl‐2 was responsible for triggering apoptosis. More importantly, the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells were restrained by MAGL depletion.

Conclusions

MAGL drives the progression of cervical cancer, which can be a promising candidate to identify effective therapy for cervical cancer.
Anne Conway’s Exemplary Engagement with Origenist Thought
Authors: Kempson E. S.
Published: December 2021

This article contributes to the historical, theological, and philosophical study of Anne Conway and Origen while also proposing a methodology for theologians interested in drawing on their thought constructively. It evaluates Anne Conway’s use of the theology of Origen in her treatise, The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, comparing it with her only definitely known printed source of Origen’s ideas, A Letter of Resolution concerning Origen. It draws out Conway’s little‐known theological thinking, building on and engaging with the extant Conway scholarship (most notably Sarah Hutton’s ‘Origen and Anne Conway’) which tends to be more philosophically‐oriented. The result substantially modifies Hutton’s conclusions through a closer theological engagement with both Origen and Conway, making more precise Conway’s relationship with the Origenist tradition in England. In the process, foundational commitments and driving concerns in Conway’s thought are identified and the method of her engagement with Origen is uncovered. The final section speaks particularly to systematicians, presenting a practical method for engaging with the thought of Origen, or any other ‘heterodox’ theologian, or one of a different confession from the practicing theologian. Further engagement with Conway’s own thought is also recommended.
Impatiens dairiensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Nanda
Published: December 2021

Impatiens dairiensis sp. nov., from north Sumatra, Indonesia is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to I. tapanuliensis Grey‐Wilson, but differs in a few key attributes which are discussed. A detailed description, photographs and a preliminary conservation status (Data Deficient) of the new species are provided.
Untimely Reopening? Increase in the Number of New COVID‐19 Cases After Reopening in One Brazilian State
Authors: Sobiech Pellegrini Izabela
Published: December 2021

Santa Catarina was one of the first Brazilian states to allow businesses to reopen on 22 April 2020. I apply the synthetic control method to evaluate the impact of the reopening on incidence of daily COVID‐19 cases in Santa Catarina, including 17 Brazilian states in the donor pool. Conclusions about causality between the government measures and the infection spread can be made, although with caution, given the setup of a natural experiment and not actually randomly assigned treatment. The results are robust and show that the reopening leads to a faster spread of the virus, causing between 13.8% and 50% of all infections recorded in the following weeks. This study corroborates the recommendation for policies limiting circulation of people as a means to mitigate the spread of novel infectious diseases.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Schmidt Alexander R. , Ramamoorthy Chandra
Published: December 2021

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most frequent adverse outcome of prematurity. Before implementation of antenatal steroids and surfactant therapy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was mostly characterized by fibrotic, scarred, and hyper‐inflated lungs due to pulmonary injury following mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity. With advances in neonatal medicine, this “old” bronchopulmonary dysplasia has changed to a “new” bronchopulmonary dysplasia characterized by an arrest in lung growth, leading to alveolar simplification and pulmonary vascular dysangiogenesis. While the old definition was based on the need for oxygen supplementation at a postnatal age of 28 days or at a corrected gestational age of 36 weeks, the newer definition looks at the mode of respiratory support required (eg, invasive versus noninvasive) and is then graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia may present with significantly impaired pulmonary function, reactive airway disease, or exercise intolerance. Over time, these patients may develop asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most serious long‐term complication is the development of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. Medical treatment often includes diuretics, steroids, bronchodilators, or oxygen supplementation and in the presence of pulmonary hypertension medication to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance. Perioperative anesthetic risk is increased in children with pulmonary hypertension. These patients might require additional diagnostic imaging and plans for increased resource allocation such as postoperative intensive care admission.
Exploring cognitive dissonance in the correctional nursing experience
Authors: Cukale‐Matos Sarah , Champion Jane D.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Correctional nurses navigate conflict between custody and caring. Balance is needed between healthcare and security priorities. This study explores the unique nature of nursing practice within correctional settings to inform interventions reducing stress, enhancing coping and mitigating cognitive dissonance among these nurses.

Design

Qualitative, semi‐structured interviews.

Sample

Purposive sampling of nurses practicing in a correctional facility in the Southwestern United States.

Results

Thematic analyses identified six themes describing the experiences of nurses in the correctional facility. The themes, “We have a sense of purpose,” “We don't trust each other,” “We want respect,” “We experience unique stress,” “It changes who you are,” and “We try to leave it all there,” describe the need for interventions providing debriefing opportunities, strengthening of relationships with corrections personnel, reflection and stress reduction to ameliorate the potential for cognitive dissonance.

Conclusions

Correctional nurses in this study perceived a strong sense of purpose and a desire for respect. They are challenged by relationships with both correctional staff and inmates and perceived a change in who they are due to practice in this challenging environment. Measurable, evidence‐based stress relief interventions such as mindfulness practices, reflection interventions, physical activity, prayer and meditation are indicated to address these challenges.
Exogenous citric acid enhances drought tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Authors: Xie H. , Bai G. , Lu P. , Li H. , Fei M. , Xiao B.‐G. , Chen X.‐J. , Tong Z.‐J. , Wang Z.‐Y. , Yang D.‐H.
Published: December 2021

Organic acids play a pivotal role in improving plant response to long‐term drought stress. External application of organic acids has been reported to improve drought resistance in several species. However, whether organic acids have similar effects in tobacco remains unknown. A screening study of the protective function of organic acids in tobacco and understanding the underlying molecular mechanism would be useful in developing a strategy for drought tolerance.

Several physiological and molecular adaptations to drought including abscisic acid, stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, amino acid accumulation, and drought‐responsive gene expression were observed by exogenous citric acid in tobacco plants.

Exogenous application of 50 mm citric acid to tobacco plants resulted in higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, relative water content, abscisic acid content and lower stomatal conductance, transpiration and water loss under drought conditions. Moreover, reactive oxygen species homeostasis was better maintained through increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing hydrogen peroxide content after citric acid pretreatment under drought. Amino acids involved in the TCA cycle accumulated after external application of citric acid under drought stress. Furthermore, several drought stress‐responsive genes also dramatically changed after application of citric acid.

These data support the idea that external application of citric acid enhances drought resistance by affecting physiological and molecular regulation in tobacco. This study provides clear insights into mechanistic details of regulation of amino acid and stress‐responsive gene expression by citric acid in tobacco in response to drought, which is promising for minimizing growth inhibition in agricultural fields.
Overexpression of IgG2 in patients resembling IgG4‐related disease with normal IgG4
Authors: Lecuit Mathilde , Aucouturier Pierre , Abbas Aicha , Cadranel Jacques , Silvain Christine , Berthelot Jean‐Marie , Fauchais Anne‐Laure , Loubet Paul , Bachmeyer Claude , Montravers Françoise , Dossier Antoine , Nunes Hilario , Cervera Pascale , Coppo Paul
Published: December 2021

IgG4‐Related Disease (IgG4‐RD) results from tissue infiltration by IgG4‐expressing plasma cells and lymphocytes, leading to fibrosis and organomegaly. Clinical presentation is remarkably variable according to organ involvement, and high IgG4 serum concentration, initially considered a diagnostic hallmark of IgG4‐RD, tends to be forgone as an indispensable criterion for its diagnosis; it can indeed be absent in some patients, highlighting the diversity of presentation of this dysimmune condition. Nevertheless, elevation of IgG4 serum concentration in suggestive settings remains an argument in favour of IgG4‐RD, and while other IgG subclasses can be elevated, this biological feature lacks any diagnostic value. We retrospectively studied 9 patients (5 females, 4 males, 31–81 years old) for whom a diagnosis of IgG4‐RD had been considered, based on clinical, imaging or histological criteria, but appeared to display abnormally high serum IgG2 while IgG4 levels were normal. Increased serum IgG1 in one case and increased IgG3 in another one were also noticed. Immunohistochemical analyses of intracellular immunoglobulins could be performed on tissue lymph node biopsies from 2 patients, which demonstrated strong infiltration with IgG2‐expressing plasma cells. Thus, overexpression of IgG2 subclass may highlight cases of dysimmune disorders resembling IgG4‐RD, although the disease trigger might be different, notably infectious. We suggest measuring all serum IgG subclass levels in patients with features consistent with IgG4‐RD.
Temporal profiling of therapy resistance in human medulloblastoma identifies novel targetable drivers of recurrence
Authors: Bakhshinyan David , Adile Ashley A. , Liu Jeff , Gwynne William D. , Suk Yujin , Custers Stefan , Burns Ian , Singh Mohini , McFarlane Nicole , Subapanditha Minomi K. , Qazi Maleeha A. , Vora Parvez , Kameda-Smith Michelle M. , Savage Neil , Desmond Kim L. , Tatari Nazanin , Tran Damian , Seyfrid Mathieu , Hope Kristin , Bock Nicholas A. , Venugopal Chitra , Bader Gary D. , Singh Sheila K.
Published: December 2021

Gene expression profiling of medulloblastoma cells undergoing therapy identifies BPIFB4 as a novel target for recurrent disease.
Phosphate-mediated coanchoring of RBD immunogens and molecular adjuvants to alum potentiates humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rodrigues Kristen A. , Rodriguez-Aponte Sergio A. , Dalvie Neil C. , Lee Jeong Hyun , Abraham Wuhbet , Carnathan Diane G. , Jimenez Luis E. , Ngo Julia T. , Chang Jason Y. H. , Zhang Zeli , Yu Jingyou , Chang Aiquan , Nakao Catherine , Goodwin Benjamin , Naranjo Christopher A. , Zhang Libin , Silva Murillo , Barouch Dan H. , Silvestri Guido , Crotty Shane , Love J. Christopher , Irvine Darrell J.
Published: December 2021

Coanchoring a SARS-CoV-2 immunogen and molecular adjuvants to alum extends vaccine kinetics and amplifies humoral immunity.
Combining a CAR and a chimeric costimulatory receptor enhances T cell sensitivity to low antigen density and promotes persistence
Authors: Katsarou Afroditi , Sjöstrand Maria , Naik Jyoti , Mansilla-Soto Jorge , Kefala Dionysia , Kladis Georgios , Nianias Alexandros , Ruiter Ruud , Poels Renée , Sarkar Irene , Patankar Yash R. , Merino Elena , Reijmers Rogier M. , Frerichs Kristine A. , Yuan Huipin , de Bruijn Joost , Stroopinsky Dina , Avigan David , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Zweegman Sonja , Mutis Tuna , Sadelain Michel , Groen Richard W. J. , Themeli Maria
Published: December 2021

Combination of a CAR and a chimeric costimulatory receptor augments cytotoxicity and durability of T cells and elimination of antigen-low tumors.
Long-Range PCR Reveals the Genetic Cargo of IncP-1 Plasmids in the Complex Microbial Community of an On-Farm Biopurification System Treating Pesticide-Contaminated Wastewater
Authors: Dunon Vincent , Holmsgaard Peter N. , Dealtry Simone , Lavigne Rob , Sørensen Søren J. , Smalla Kornelia , Top Eva M. , Springael Dirk
Published: December 2021

This study presents a long range PCR for direct and cultivation-independent access to the identity of the cargo of a major insertion hot spot of adaptive genes in IncP-1 plasmids and hence a new mobilome tool for understanding the role of IncP-1 plasmids in complex communities. The method was applied to DNA of an on-farm biopurification system (BPS) treating pesticide-contaminated wastewater, aiming at new insights on whether horizontal exchange of catabolic functions by IncP-1 plasmids is a main driver of community adaptation in BPS.
Non-
fumigatus
Aspergillus Infection Associated with a Negative Aspergillus Precipitin Test in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Takeda Keita , Suzuki Junko , Watanabe Akira , Narumoto Osamu , Kawashima Masahiro , Sasaki Yuka , Nagai Hideaki , Kamei Katsuhiko , Matsui Hirotoshi
Published: December 2021

Aspergillus
antibody testing is key for the clinical diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) with high sensitivity. However, false-negative results in patients with CPA might be obtained, depending on the
Aspergillus
species.
Rab1b-GBF1-ARF1 Secretory Pathway Axis Is Required for Birnavirus Replication
Authors: Gimenez María C. , Frontini-Lopez Yesica R. , Pocognoni Cristian A. , Roldán Julieta S. , García Samartino Clara , Uhart Marina , Colombo María I. , Terebiznik Mauricio R. , Delgui Laura R.
Published: December 2021

Birnaviruses are unconventional members of the dsRNA viruses, with the lack of a transcriptionally active core being the main differential feature. This structural trait, among others that resemble those of the plus single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses features, suggests that birnaviruses might follow a different replication program from that conducted by prototypical dsRNA members and the hypothesis that birnaviruses could be evolutionary links between +ssRNA and dsRNA viruses has been argued.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome RNA Synthesis Initiates at Position 1646 with a Nontemplated Guanosine
Authors: Stephenson-Tsoris Susannah , Casey John L.
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a unique virus that causes severe liver disease. It uses host RNA polymerase II to copy its circular RNA genome in a unique and poorly understood process.
A Point Mutation in the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Nucleoprotein Leads to Two Separate Effects on Virus Replication
Authors: Saka Naoki , Matsumoto Yusuke , Ohta Keisuke , Kolakofsky Daniel , Nishio Machiko
Published: December 2021

Paramyxovirus genomes are contained within a noncovalent homopolymer of its nucleoprotein (NP) and form helical nucleocapsids (NC) whose 3′ ends contain the promoters for the initiation of viral RNA synthesis. This work suggests that these NC 3′ ends may play another role in the virus life cycle via their specific interaction with virus-modified cell membranes needed for the incorporation of viral NCs into budding virions.
Genetic Determinants in Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Required for Overcoming
In Vitro
Stressors in the Mimicking Host Environment
Authors: Mandal Rabindra K. , Jiang Tieshan , Kwon Young Min
Published: December 2021

Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium is a major human bacterial pathogen that enters the food chain through meat animals asymptomatically carrying this pathogen. Despite the rich genome sequence data, a significant portion of
Salmonella
genes remain to be characterized for their potential contributions to virulence.
COVID-19 Antibody Detection and Assay Performance Using Red Cell Agglutination
Authors: Srivastava Kshitij , West Kamille A. , De Giorgi Valeria , Holbrook Michael R. , Bovin Nicolai V. , Henry Stephen M. , Flegel Willy A.
Published: December 2021

We recently developed a red cell based assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. In the current study, we show the hands-on application of this assay in a group of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors and healthy individuals.
Delineation of the Direct Contribution of Candida auris
ERG11
Mutations to Clinical Triazole Resistance
Authors: Rybak Jeffrey M. , Sharma Cheshta , Doorley Laura A. , Barker Katherine S. , Palmer Glen E. , Rogers P. David
Published: December 2021

Candida auris
is an emerging multidrug-resistant and health care-associated pathogen of urgent clinical concern. The triazoles are the most widely prescribed antifungal agents worldwide and are commonly utilized for the treatment of invasive
Candida
infections.
Fifteen-minute update: International normalised ratio as the treatment end point in children with acute paracetamol poisoning
Authors: Dayasiri Kavinda , Rao Sahana
Published: December 2021

Paracetamol is one of the most frequent reasons for poisonings across the UK with an estimated 90,000 patients and 150 deaths annually. International normalised ratio (INR) may be elevated due to hepatocellular damage and is frequently used to monitor progress on N-acetyl cysteine. N-acetyl cysteine is associated with reduced activity of vitamin K dependent clotting factors leading to a benign elevation of INR. In asymptomatic children with normal aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase, isolated borderline elevation of INR following paracetamol overdose should be reviewed for possible N-acetyl cysteine induced elevation of INR. Due to these factors, in those with borderline persistent elevation of INR, N-acetyl cysteine can be safety stopped if INR is falling on two or more consecutive tests and is <3.0.
COVID-19 presenting as pneumatoceles and spontaneous cavitary lesion as a late complication
Authors: Kunadharaju Rajesh , Monegro Alberto
Published: December 2021

We report a case of an adult patient with COVID-19 pneumonia presenting as pneumatoceles as a late complication. These pneumatoceles are steroid-resistant and can predispose to cavitary lesions. These cystic lesions need close follow-up with repeat imaging as these can increase the risk of pneumothorax. It can take up to around 12 weeks for the spontaneous resolution of pneumatoceles.