bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic shear angle for lamellar chip formation in ultra-precision machining
Authors: Zhang Shaojian , Guo Pan , Xiong Zhiwen , To Suet
Published: March 2020

Shear angle is classically considered constant. In the study, a series of straight orthogonal cutting tests of ultra-precision machining revealed that shear angle cyclically evolved with each lamellar chip formation, i.e. cyclic shear angle. It grew up from an initial shear angle of 0° to a final shear angle 90°- α ( α: tool rake angle) and underwent a series of transient shear angles like classical shear angles and a critical shear angle. The critical shear angle is the sum of the half of the tool rake angle and the characteristic shear angle determined by material anisotropy without the friction effect. Moreover, a new model was developed. Further, a series of face turning tests of ultra-precision machining verified that the cyclic shear angle was the intrinsic mechanism of cyclic cutting forces and lamellar chip formation to induce twin-peak high-frequency multimode diamond-tool-tip vibration. Significantly, the study draws up an understanding of shear angle for the discrepancy among the classical models.
Engagement time constrained formation generation guidance following a non-manoeuvring leader
Authors: Suresh Shalini , Ratnoo Ashwini
Published: March 2020

This paper addresses the problem of formation generation of two UAVs with constraints on engagement time. A leader–follower scenario with the leader being non-manoeuvring is considered. The work uses track guidance method for generating a class of follower spatial paths and combines it with a speed profile that works to minimize the error with respect to the desired follower position. Path curvature analysis is carried out and set of feasible spatial paths which abide by the UAV turn rate constraint is obtained. The equilibrium point of the resulting nonlinear system is found to be the desired formation geometry and stability analysis using Lyapunov direct method guarantees convergence to the equilibrium point. The set of achievable engagement times is deduced with closed-form limits. Extensive simulation exercises are carried out incorporating follower speed limits, wind and vehicle dynamics, and presence of obstacles. The work highlights a flexible guidance method which effectively uses one design parameter and analytic conditions for formation generation.
Spillover effects between energies, gold, and stock: the United States versus China
Authors: He Xie , Takiguchi Tetsuya , Nakajima Tadahiro , Hamori Shigeyuki
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the time–frequency dynamics of return and volatility spillovers between the stock market and three commodity markets: natural gas, crude oil, and gold via a comparative analysis between the United States and China is conducted with the help of new empirical methods. Our findings are as follows. First, in terms of time, return spillovers between crude oil and the stock market are strongest in two of the three commodity markets. Crude oil emits a net negative return spillover to the US stock market, and a net positive return spillover to the Chinese stock market. By contrast, the strongest volatility spillover effect is transmitted to the stock markets of both countries through gold. However, gold has a net positive volatility spillover effect on the US stock market and a net negative effect on the Chinese stock market. In the frequency domain, most of the return spillover is produced in the short term, and most of the volatility spillover occurs in the long term. In addition, the moving-window method reveals the dynamic nature of the spillover effect. Some extreme events can have a dramatic effect on the spillover index. Conversely, the spillover effect differs significantly between the two countries and is characterized by time variation and frequency dependence.
The presence of IFL3/4 rs12979860 C allele influences the in vitro IP-10 production by mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Juárez-Vicuña Y , Pérez-Ramos J , Adalid-Peralta L , Sánchez F , Springall R , Villaseñor-Jasso J , Sixtos-Alonso M S , Ballinas-Verdugo M A , Márquez-Velasco R , Bojalil R , Amezcua-Guerra L M , Sánchez-Muñoz F
Published: March 2020

Objective

To explore whether the IFNL3/4 rs12979860 genotype may influence serum levels or production of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Sixty-six patients with SLE and 22 healthy blood donors (controls) were included. The IFNL3/4 rs12979860 polymorphism was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. IP-10 levels in sera supernatants of IFNα stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by enzime-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Allelic frequencies were CC (29%), CT (52%) and TT (20%) in SLE, and CC (32%), CT (41%) and TT (27%) in healthy controls. Median serum IP-10 levels were higher in SLE patients than in controls (190.8 versus 118.1 pg/ml; p < 0.001), particularly in those with high disease activity (278.5 versus 177.2 pg/ml; p = 0.037). However, serum IP-10 levels were not influenced by IFNL3/4 genotypes. Higher IP-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found in both SLE patients (median 519.3 versus 207.6 pg/ml; p = 0.012) and controls (median 454.0 versus 201.7 pg/ml; p = 0.034) carrying the IFNL3/4 C allele compared with carriers of the T allele.

Conclusions

Although IFNL3/4 rs12979860 allele C does not appear to influence serum IP-10 levels in SLE, it plays an important role in the production of IP-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after IFNα stimulation.
Let’s (not) talk about synthetic biology: Framing an emerging technology in public and stakeholder dialogues
Authors: Bauer Anja , Bogner Alexander
Published: March 2020

Synthetic biology is an emerging technoscience, which, so far, lacks a broader public debate. To foster early societal dialogue, a range of public engagement events have been initiated over the past decade. This article discusses the configurations of the emerging debate on synthetic biology in the context of the EU FP7 project SYNENERGENE. Drawing on notions of frames and framing in media studies and policy analysis, we ask which distinct frames are invoked and become dominant in current discussions about synthetic biology. Our analysis indicates significant reconfigurations in the framing of synthetic biology compared with previous biotechnology debates. Frames that traditionally served to problematize biotechnology, that is, ethics, risks, and economics, become less dominant. Instead, the potential to contribute to social progress is placed in the foreground. Moreover, discussions on ethics, risks, and governance frequently occur on an abstract level, invoking generic statements that could be made for any new technology.
Iginio Tansini (1855–1943): An Italian surgeon and an innovator between the 19th and the 20th centuries
Authors: Zampetti Paolo , Merlati Giuseppe , Riva Michele A
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to describe the figure of the Italian surgeon Iginio Tansini (1855–1943), who was full professor of surgery and director of the Department of Surgery at the University of Pavia (1903–1931). In that period, he modernized the School of Surgery founded by Antonio Scarpa (1752–1832) in the previous century; he introduced the experimental method in the discipline. One of his major contributions was an innovative technique of mastectomy followed by plastic reconstruction with myocutaneous flap. Tansini was a pioneer in oncology, supporting the importance of an early diagnosis based on a biopsy; he was also the first in Italy to practice a gastrectomy for stomach cancer with success in 1887.
Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research
Authors: Cardon Vincent
Published: March 2020

One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.

In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.
The limitations of today’s clinical guidance: Atypical femoral fracture and long-term bone-modifying agents in the oncology setting
Authors: Cheung Edna , Borno Hala T
Published: March 2020

While bone-modifying agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab are crucial to preventing skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases, the optimal duration remains undefined. Extended duration may be associated with adverse effects such as osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture. Although uncommon, atypical femoral fracture represents a serious consequence of prolonged bone-modifying agent use and are characterized by a prodrome and distinct radiographic findings. The oncology setting encompasses a unique set of atypical femoral fracture risk factors and considerations, with hormonal therapy in early stage disease, bone metastases in the advanced setting, and new targeted agents that may affect bone homeostasis. As outcomes in cancer treatment continue to improve, the questions of risks versus benefits of long-term bone-modifying agents and how to mitigate atypical femoral fracture risk become increasingly pertinent.
Evaluating the Effect of Positive Parent Contact on Elementary Students’ On-Task Behavior
Authors: Fefer Sarah A. , Hieneman Meme , Virga Caitlin , Thoma Ashley , Donnelly Marina
Published: March 2020

Family–school partnership has consistently been associated with positive student outcomes. Unfortunately, efforts to engage parents are often demanding, with limited planning around reinforcement needed to sustain participation. The study purpose was to evaluate a behavioral approach to enhance teacher–parent communication and improve student on-task classroom behavior. Positive Parent Contact (PPC) required teachers to recognize positive behavior of a student identified for additional behavioral supports and report positive incidents to parents through two weekly emails. A multiple-baseline design was used with five participant triads (teacher, student, and parent) from two elementary schools. Visual analysis and descriptive statistics showed increased on-task behavior based on observations conducted during challenging classroom routines. Non-overlap of all pairs’ effects ranged from .67 to .90, with a combined effect of .75 (Hedges g). Results suggest that PPC improved on-task classroom behavior, and reciprocal parent–teacher communication was enhanced. Parents and teachers reported that PPC was feasible and acceptable. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Bending and free vibration analysis of sandwich plates with functionally graded soft core, using the new refined higher-order analysis model
Authors: Ye Renchuan , Zhao Na , Yang Desen , Cui Jie , Gaidai Oleg , Ren Peng
Published: March 2020

This study presents a new higher-order refined analysis model for static and free vibration analysis of a sandwich plate with soft functionally graded material core. The governing equations are derived from equilibrium differential equations of motions. The accuracy and convergence of the present model and numerical solution are validated versus available results. Variable length width ratios, thickness ratios between skins and core and span-to-thickness of sandwich plates have been studied. Obtained results show that suggested model can achieve greater accuracy for sandwich plates with soft functionally graded material core, as compared to existing functionally graded sandwich plate analysis models and models based on finite element method. Finally, parametric study has been carried out to investigate influence of volume fraction distribution, thickness to side ratio and material properties on the plate bending and free vibration.
Informal Sex Education by Youth Practitioners
Authors: Lavie-Ajayi Maya
Published: March 2020

Youth practitioners are commonly acknowledged to play an important role in supporting the sexual health of young people. However, there is relatively little literature that documents, conceptualizes and theorizes the unique nature and potential of informal sex education provided by youth practitioners such as social workers and youth workers. Using the theoretical framework of critical pedagogy, this article seeks to conceptualize informal sex education practices by youth practitioners, from the practitioner’s point of view. Eight semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with youth practitioners, working in a variety of programmes and provisions for young people across Israel. The data were thematically analysed. The analysis identified three key concepts, drawn from critical pedagogy, which underscore the unique potential of informal sex education by youth practitioners: dialogue, the language of possibility and language of critique.
The significance of pigment epithelial detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Chronopoulos Argyrios , Kakkassery Vinodh , Strobel Marc Andre , Fornoff Luise , Hattenbach Lars-Olof
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the significance of the presence and form of pigment epithelial detachment in the course of central serous chorioretinopathy as well as corticosteroid use as a risk in our patient cohort.

Material and methods:

Retrospective, single center study of central serous chorioretinopathy patients between January 2013 and January 2019 recording corticosteroid use prior to onset and presence and type of pigment epithelial detachment (flat-irregular, dome-shaped, none) in relationship to disease course.

Results:

We analyzed 53 eyes of 53 consecutive central serous chorioretinopathy patients treated in our department. Mean patient age was 53 ± 13 years. A flat-irregular pigment epithelial detachment was associated with either chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy, whereas the absence of a pigment epithelial detachment correlated positively with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (chi-square test, p < 0.05). Of the 53 patients, 10 reported corticosteroid use, 40 denied steroid use, and 3 patients failed to make a clear statement. Corticosteroid use was not correlated with the onset of central serous chorioretinopathy (Student’s t-test, p = 0.0001, chi-square test, p < 0.005).

Conclusion:

A small, flat-irregular pigment epithelial detachment could be a marker for chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy, whereas the absence of pigment epithelial detachment could favor acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Advanced imaging studies may provide more information on the exact characteristics and nature of pigment epithelial detachments. Corticosteroid use as possible disease trigger was not confirmed in this study.
Premises, promises, and perils of the Academic Potemkin Village
Authors: Lund Dean Kathy , Fornaciari Charles , Bento Regina , Asarta Carlos
Published: March 2020

Increased competition for students and financial resources has contributed to a managerialist perspective in higher education. In this competitive landscape, institutional decision-making may prioritize choices perceived as rational imperatives to the forces buffeting higher education, bringing unintended consequences when they are driven mostly by short-term, marketing-based, revenue-enhancing considerations. In their efforts to “look good,” such institutions risk becoming Academic Potemkin Villages where symbolic façades are erected to impress relevant stakeholders at the risk of overshadowing core missions of learning and research. Exploring the Academic Potemkin Village metaphor, we examine its premises (factors that are pressuring higher education), its promises (the seduction of building various symbolic façades to respond to those pressures), and its perils (the impact on institutions, faculty, and students). We then suggest ways of building out Academic Potemkin Villages into lasting and unique collaborations, re-focused on the core values of higher education.
Population differences in health-related quality of life between cancer survivors and controls: Does low educational attainment widen the gap?
Authors: Larsen Finn Breinholt , Sørensen Jes Bak , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Momsen Anne-Mette Hedeager , Friis Karina , Stapelfeldt Christina Malmose
Published: March 2020

Aims: This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer survivors and controls in the Danish population, with special attention given to the impact of low educational attainment. Comparisons were made at population level and for subgroups stratified by education. Furthermore, comparisons were made for all cancer diagnoses combined and for the 14 most prevalent cancer sites and ‘other cancer sites’. Finally, the importance of time since initial diagnosis was examined. Methods: HRQOL was measured using the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 in a population-based survey. By linking data with the Danish Cancer Registry, 11,166 cancer survivors and 151,117 individuals with no history of cancer were identified. Results: HRQOL was reduced in cancer survivors for all cancers combined and most cancer sites. Differences were found at population level and stratified by educational attainment. PCS was reduced to a similar extent in the three educational groups, whereas MCS was reduced slightly more in the low than in the high educational attainment group. HRQOL increased with time since initial diagnosis during the first years. Conclusions: Cancer survivors had lower HRQOL than controls, and HRQOL was lower in the low than in the high educational attainment group. However, low educational attainment did not widen the gap in HRQOL following a cancer diagnosis. Despite this, the combined effect of low educational attainment and a cancer diagnosis markedly reduced HRQOL in some cancer survivors. The study identified groups of cancer survivors with low HRQOL who may have unmet rehabilitation needs.
Tactical interventions in online hate speech: The case of #stopIslam
Authors: Poole Elizabeth , Giraud Eva Haifa , de Quincey Ed
Published: March 2020

This article sets out findings from a project focused on #stopIslam, a hashtag that gained prominence following the Brussels terror attack of 2016. We initially outline a big data analysis which shows how counter-narratives – criticizing #stopIslam – momentarily subverted negative news reporting of Muslims. The rest of the article details qualitative findings that complicate this initial positive picture. We set out key tactics engaged in by right-wing actors, self-identified Muslim users, would-be allies and celebrities and elucidate how these tactics were instrumental in the direction, dynamics and legacies of the hashtag. We argue that the tactical interventions of tightly bound networks of right-wing actors, as well as the structural constraints of the platform, not only undermined the longevity and coherence of the counter-narratives but subtly modulated the affordances of Twitter in ways that enabled these users to extend their voice outwards, reinforcing long-standing representational inequalities in the process.
Follow the computers: Entangled mobilities of people and things in transnational recycling
Authors: Kleist Nauja
Published: March 2020

This paper contributes to our understanding of the social life of used computers in West Africa through analysis of the sending, distribution, recognition, and reception of recycled equipment. Based on multi-sited and longitudinal fieldwork in Denmark and Ghana, it employs George Marcus’ suggestion of following things as a methodological selection device for ethnography. Theoretically, it engages the concept of affective circuits to address how transnational recycling, belonging, hometown development, and family relations are interlinked. I present a three-fold argument: first, that the actions of sending, distributing, recognizing, and receiving used equipment enable different actors to demonstrate and perform hometown belonging, development, and leadership; second, that these capacities reflect differentiated mobilities and connectivity of the people involved; and third, that the recycled furniture and information technology (IT) gear become upcycled to objects of value, being mobilized and transformed through long-term processes and negotiations of reciprocity.
Food for the body and soul: Veganism, righteous male bodies, and culinary redemption in the Kingdom of Yah
Authors: Markowitz Fran , Avieli Nir
Published: March 2020

This article grapples with the unlikely combination of veganism, righteous black bodies, and servitude as expressed in the “divine holistic culture” of the African Hebrew Israelite Community (AHIC). Based on our ethnography of how the Community re-scripts strong, virile black male bodies from rough brutes to responsible and righteous patriarchs, we show how the Hebrew Israelites’ vegan diet undergirds their Biblically based culture and fuels their salvation project. We propose the term “culinary redemption” to encapsulate the dramatic shift made by the AHIC from a theology based on salvation in the afterlife to a restorative cosmology in the here and now, and suggest that the food and foodways of other subaltern groups also provide powerful material for initiating social justice movements and religious change.
The relationship between moral intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses
Authors: Khosravani Mahboobeh , Khosravani Mohammad , Borhani Fariba , Mohsenpour Mohaddeseh
Published: March 2020

Background

Organizational commitment is one of the most important elements in improving the quality of services provided by individuals and is more important in the nursing profession. Moral intelligence as the basis of ethics plays an important role related to the quality of provided care and also achieving to the community health goals.

Research objectives

This study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between nurse’s moral intelligence and their organizational commitment.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 176 nurses working in Arak, Iran were entered to the study by two-stage quota sampling. All of the hospitals were governmental. Data were collected by questionnaire that included three parts: demographic, Lennick and Kiel moral intelligence questionnaire, and Allen and Meyer organizational commitment questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS17.

Result

There was positive correlation between moral intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses (P < 0.001, r = 0.33). Among 120 cases (86% of total) with high organizational commitment, 90 (84.2% of them) had well to high moral intelligence.

Conclusion

According to the positive correlation between nurses’ moral intelligence and organizational commitment, we can propose that trying to promote nurses’ moral intelligence will lead to increase the nurses’ organizational commitment and this will improve the quality of care.
“Reclaiming My Time” Amid Organizational Change: A Dialectical Approach to Support the Thriving and Career Development for Faculty at the Margins
Authors: Davis Tiffany J. , Greer Tomika W. , Sisco Stephanie , Collins Joshua C.
Published: March 2020

The Problem

The faculty in academia is slowly diversifying, yet individuals who identify as women, people of Color, and/or LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning) remain underrepresented. Racism, sexism, and heterosexism in the workplace, and intersections of identity and academic rank frequently marginalize women, people of Color, and LGBTQ faculty in the academy.

The Solution

Critical Human Resource Development (CHRD) offers the conceptual tools necessary for institutions of higher education to engage in meaningful disruption to benefit faculty on the margins. In this article, the authors provide recommendations for organizational and systemic changes that can create new space and opportunities for marginalized faculty.

The Stakeholders

The recommendations offered herein can aid academic leaders including department chairs, centers for faculty development, and faculty that have the potential to transform institutional cultures and climates.
Exploring Community-Engaged Scholarship: Insights and Questions for HRD
Authors: Morrison Emily A.
Published: March 2020

The Problem

Higher education, including human resource development (HRD) programs, faces increasing public scrutiny for being out of touch with issues and concerns facing local and global communities by guarding limited conceptualizations of scholarship. In response, colleges and universities are identifying ways to bridge the academy (higher education) with the community-at-large and looking to its faculty to weave community concerns into scholarship through means such as community-engaged scholarship (CES). While the literature on and application of CES is robust in other disciplines, it remains less widely discussed in HRD.

The Solution

HRD scholar-practitioners have expertise in learning, leadership, organizational culture, and change, which could benefit the larger community, but also faculty and their work. Some HRD scholar-practitioners may already be practicing CES; yet, there is limited understanding of CES within HRD despite shared values and principles, including what may be blocking community-engaged efforts. To jumpstart the discussion, this article provides an overview of CES, identifying questions and issues for HRD scholar-practitioners to consider as part of a call to action to inform and advance the practice of and scholarship on CES.

The Stakeholders

This article has relevance for all who seek direct and indirect ways to collaborate, integrate knowledge across disciplines and contexts (including the community at large, field of HRD, and academicians), address community concerns, and translate knowledge to serve the broader good.
Characterization of thermoplastic nonwovens of copolyamide hot melt adhesives filled with carbon nanotubes produced by melt-blowing method
Authors: Latko-Durałek Paulina , Durałek Paweł , Boczkowska Anna , Kozera Rafał , Wróblewska Małgorzata , Mazik Anna
Published: March 2020

Thermoplastic nonwovens containing 2.5 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes were manufactured by half-industrial melt-blowing process from two copolyamides belonging to the group of hot melt adhesives having different melt-viscosities. The initial masterbatches have been analyzed by their rheological and thermal properties to adjust the appropriate conditions of melt-blowing process which allowed to manufacture the nonwovens without structural defects. It was found using a scanning electron microscope that in 10 wt% masterbatches fewer agglomerates of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes occurred in less viscous coPA2 and their average diameter measured by ImageJ was 60 µm. For more viscous coPA1 some oval agglomerates with even 270 µm diameters have been detected but during the extrusion they were destroyed. Microstructural observations of the nonwovens showed that fibers occur in the entangled state and their average diameter is around 45 µm for each type of the copolyamides. Analysis of the electrostatic properties of the nonwovens with low and high areal weight showed that electrical surface resistivity is slightly higher for the nonwovens based on coPA2 and those with higher areal weight. Using high-resolution microscope, it was possible to ascertain that in the nonwovens made of coPA1 + 2.5 wt% the carbon nanotubes are well-dispersed with their visible alignment along the fiber axis, unlike those in the nonwovens made of coPA2 + 2.5 wt% which occur mainly as lightly connected bundles without any specific orientation. The developed nonwovens can be used as interlayers to increase the electrical and mechanical properties of composite structures in the aerospace and automotive sectors.
The Politics of Being “Cait”: Caitlyn Jenner, Transphobia, and Parasocial Contact Effects on Transgender-Related Political Attitudes
Authors: Miller Patrick R. , Flores Andrew R. , Haider-Markel Donald P. , Lewis Daniel C. , Tadlock Barry , Taylor Jami K.
Published: March 2020

Celebrities saturate American culture and often become relevant in politics, yet political science has largely left unstudied how celebrities affect mass political behavior. We focus on the 2015 story of Caitlyn Jenner revealing her transgender identity. Using an original nationally representative survey from that summer, we examine whether following the Jenner story and evaluations of its social significance affected attitudes toward transgender rights policies. Specifically, we examine how age and transphobia interacted with engagement with the Jenner story to shape attitudes toward transgender rights. We find, counterintuitively, that older respondents who were more transphobic were less likely to see her story as representing negative social trends if they followed it in the media. Furthermore, more transphobic older respondents were more likely to support pro-transgender policies if they viewed Jenner’s story less negatively. We then discuss the implications of our findings for research on celebrity effects on politics and transgender rights.
Mesenchymal stem cells maintain the stemness of colon cancer stem cells via interleukin-8/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Xiaoying , Liu Jiajun , Yang Xiaotong , Fang Kai , Zheng Peiyong , Liang Xin , Liu Jianwen
Published: March 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can act as a carrier in tumor therapy, and tumor suppressor gene-modified MSCs can reach and suppress the tumor. However, in the colon cancer microenvironment, MSCs could promote tumor growth and create the environment that is conducive to the survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study discovered MSCs from three sources (bone marrow, adipose, placenta) could induce the stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCT116 in vitro, meanwhile adipose- and placenta-derived MSCs increase the proportion of CD133+/CD44+ HCT116. Then, we explored the interaction mechanism between CD133+/CD44+ HCT116 and MSCs by the bioinformatics and in vitro assays. After CD133+/CD44+ HCT116 were co-cultured with MSCs, many cytokines in MSCs were stimulated, including interleukin-8 (IL-8). The binding of IL-8/CXCR2 activates the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in colon CSCs, thereby promoting the stemness and EMT. However, inhibition of IL-8/CXCR2/Erk1/2 could reverse the effect of MSCs on CSC stemness. In addition, MSCs co-cultured with CD133+/CD44+ HCT116 produce a carcinoma-associated fibroblast phenotype via intracellular FGF10–PKA–Akt–β-catenin signaling, which can be attenuated by IL-8 peptide inhibitor. To conclude, IL-8 promotes the interaction between colon CSCs and MSCs, and activates the MAPK signaling pathway in colon CSCs, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of MSCs in clinical practice.

Impact statement

MSCs have the property of chemotaxis and they can migrate to the tumor site by paracrine pathway in the tumor environment, and then interact with tumor cells. Although a mass of studies have been conducted about the impact of MSCs on tumors, it is still controversial whether the exogenous MSCs promote or inhibit tumor growth. In this work, we evaluated the effects of MSCs from three sources (bone marrow, adipose, placenta) on the proliferation, stemness, and metastasis of the colon cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Then, we proved the IL-8/CXCR2/MAPK and FGF10–PKA–Akt–β-catenin signaling pathway which mediate the interplay between MSC and CD133+/CD44+ colon cancer cell. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for the safe application of MSCs in the clinical treatment of colon cancer.
Connecting Public School Segregation with Urban Renewal and Interstate Highway Planning: The Case of Birmingham, Alabama
Authors: Retzlaff Rebecca
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the connection between public school segregation and Urban Renewal and interstate highway construction in Birmingham, Alabama. It analyzes the routes of the interstate highways, the locations of Urban Renewal areas, and their impact on segregated schools and school zones. This article argues that interstate highways and Urban Renewal were used to preserve segregated schools. It also argues that activists for White schools were able to affect interstate highway design while activists for African American schools were not. Also, Urban Renewal funds were used to build new segregated schools and neighborhoods in order to reinforce patterns of segregation.
Kolaviron Diminishes Diclofenac-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Via Suppressing Inflammatory Events, Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses, and Improving Hematological Indices
Authors: Alabi Quadri K. , Akomolafe Rufus O.
Published: March 2020

Diclofenac (DF) is widely used in the treatment of pain and fever. Despite it therapeutic benefits, it triggered hepatorenal injury. Thus, the present study investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV) against DF-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. The rats were allotted into groups: control group received propylene glycol and treatment groups received DF, which induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats and different doses of KV that prevented systemic toxicity of DF in rats. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats were killed. Pro-inflammatory levels, markers of liver and kidney functions, oxidative stress, hematological indices, and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Diclofenac caused significant increase in the plasma levels of creatinine and urea and activities of liver enzymes, including bilirubin level, pro-inflammatory markers, and plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It also caused significant alteration in renal and hepatic PGE2, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and hematological indices. These toxic effects were confirmed by histological studies and levels of inflammatory infiltration (myeloperoxidase). However, KV significantly prevented or reduced the adverse effects of DF in the plasma, liver, and kidney of the rats pretreated with KV before DF administration. This study showed the efficacy of KV as hepatic and renal protector in DF-induced hepatorenal toxicity through reduction of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation.
Apigenin Attenuates Allergic Responses of Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Through Modulation of Th1/Th2 Responses in Experimental Mice
Authors: Chen Feng , He Dongyun , Yan Bailing
Published: March 2020

Background:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune-inflammatory response mainly affecting nasal mucosa. Apigenin, a flavonoid, has been documented to possess promising anti-allergic potential.

Aim:

To determine the potential mechanism of action of apigenin against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR by assessing various behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural modifications.

Materials and Methods:

Allergic rhinitis was induced in BALB/c mice (18-22 grams) by sensitizing it with OVA (5%, 500 μL, intraperitoneal [IP] on each consecutive day, for 13 days) followed by intranasal challenge with OVA (5%, 5 μL per nostril on day 21). Animals were treated with either vehicle (distilled water, 10 mg/kg, IP) or apigenin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, IP).

Results:

Intranasal challenge of OVA resulted in significant induction ( P < .05) of AR reflected by an increase in nasal symptoms (sneezing, rubbing, and discharge), which were ameliorated significantly ( P < .05) by apigenin (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment. It also significantly inhibited ( P < .05) OVA-induced elevated serum histamine, OVA-specific IgE, total IgE, and IgG1 and β-hexosaminidase levels. Ovalbumin-induced increased levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-γ in nasal lavage fluid were significantly decreased ( P < .05) by apigenin. Ovalbumin-induced alterations in splenic GATA binding protein 3 (ie, erythroid transcription factor) (GATA3), T-box protein expressed in T cells (T-bet), signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha messenger RNA, as well as protein expressions were significantly inhibited ( P < .05) by apigenin. It also significantly ameliorated ( P < .05) nasal and spleen histopathologic and ultrastructure aberration induced by OVA.

Conclusion:

Apigenin regulates Th1/Th2 balance via suppression in expressions of Th2 response (IgE, histamine, ILs, GATA3, STAT6, SOCS1, and NF-κB) and activation of Th1 response (IFN-γ and T-bet) to exert its anti-allergic potential in a murine model of OVA-induced AR.
Feasibility of bile duct as venous graft for venous reconstruction in pancreatic surgery: An animal experimental study
Authors: Fan Ji-Long , Lu Cheng , Dai Xing-Long , Liu Xian , Ma Hao , Li Hai-Feng , Lin Kai , Wang Zhen , Fu Zan , Sun Yue-Ming , Miao Yi , Gao Wen-Tao
Published: March 2020

Objective

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of high malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The aim is to determine whether the dilated bile duct can be used to reconstruct the vessels.

Methods

An animal model of jugular vein and portal vein reconstruction was established using the bile duct. A total of 20 landrace pigs were selected to undergo jugular vein reconstruction or portal vein reconstruction using the bile duct as a patch or bridge. The patency was evaluated by color Doppler, the reconstructed segments were removed and examined macroscopically and histologically at specified intervals, and the results were compared with synthetic vessels (IMPRA straight, 10s03-19).

Results

The lumen was patent, although a low level thrombosis was observed when jugular or portal vein patching was used. For bridging, stenosis of the lumen was observed, and necrosis appeared when the bile duct was used for bridging, indicating that it is feasible to reconstruct the jugular vein and portal vein with a bile duct patch. However, the bridge was not feasible possibly due to loss of blood supply, and consequent necrosis and fibrosis.

Conclusion

The bile duct is technically feasible, but the outcomes are unsatisfactory.
Spending the pupil premium: What influences leaders’ decision-making?
Authors: Morris Rebecca , Dobson Graeme
Published: March 2020

Introduced in England in 2011, the pupil premium policy was an ambitious reform aimed at tackling the persistent attainment gap between disadvantaged pupils and their more affluent peers. The policy provides school leaders with the professional autonomy to determine how pupil premium funding should be used. This article examines the decision-making processes and influences involved in the use of these additional resources. We conducted interviews with 21 school leaders from different contexts across the Midlands in order to investigate the approaches, perceptions and experiences that influenced their engagement with the pupil premium policy. The findings highlight the range of strategies employed to determine how the funding should be used and the factors that influence the decisions made. Our data also indicate the tensions and challenges that are experienced by school leaders in relation to effective use of the funding. We conclude with recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in relation to the requirement for high-quality, accessible information to support pupil premium use, the role of accountability mechanisms and the need for wider societal reform in order to tackle social disadvantage.
Acute hemorrhagic cerebral artery dissection: Characteristics and endovascular treatment
Authors: Lv Xianli , Yu Jianjun , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xuelian , Zhang Huifang
Published: March 2020

Objective

Acute hemorrhagic cerebral artery dissection may show a subtle stenosis and bulge on an angiogram, for which diagnosis and treatment are difficult. This report describes seven cases of acute hemorrhagic cerebral artery dissection treated by endovascular techniques.

Patients and methods

From January 2018 to April 2019, seven patients (22–76 years old) were diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by cerebral artery dissection. Six patients were treated by low-profile visualized intraluminal support stent-assisted coiling and there was a sacrifice of the posterior cerebral artery in one patient. Cerebral angiography results were obtained immediately after intervention and at follow-up. Clinical outcome was evaluated by a modified Rankin Scale score.

Results

Four dissections were angiographic changes of subtle stenosis and small bulges; three were apparent angiographic changes of stenosis or fusiform morphologies. All seven aneurysms were completely obliterated, a low-profile visualized intraluminal support stent was used in six patients and coil occlusion of the parent artery in one patient. Complications occurred in two cases of proximal posterior cerebral artery dissection. One bleeding complication was observed intra-procedure and one ischemic complication was observed after stent-assisted coiling. The angiographic and clinical follow-up was obtained at 3–8 months in five patients. Good recovery was achieved for six patients (modified Rankin Score 0); one patient who presented Weber syndrome caused by ischemic complication had a modified Rankin Score of two at 8 months follow-up.

Conclusion

Hemorrhagic cerebral artery dissection may show subtle stenosis, small bulges or fusiform morphologies on angiograms. Treatment of proximal posterior cerebral artery dissection is challenging. Endovascular reconstruction with a low-profile visualized intraluminal support stent was effective depending on the angiographic morphology.
The variability of glycated hemoglobin is associated with renal function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lee Chia-Lin , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Wu Ming-Ju , Tsai Shang-Feng
Published: March 2020

Background:

The effect of glucose control, especially variability of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in type 2 diabetes is still debatable.

Methods:

We used tertiles of coefficient of variation (CV) to determine the variability of HbA1c (HbA1c_CV). Mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) were used to evaluate the annual eGFR decline rate.

Results:

In 1383 type 2 diabetic patients, we found the greater the HbA1c_CV, the greater the eGFR decline ( p = 0.01, −0.99 in low, −1.73 in mid, and −2.53 ml/min/1.73 m2/year in high HbA1c_CV). Regardless of eGFR (⩾60 or <60 ml/min/1.73 m2), the same result holds ( p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, respectively). In subgroup analysis of baseline HbA1c (%) (HbA1c < 7, 7 ⩽ HbA1c < 9, and HbA1c ⩾ 9), tertiles of HbA1c_CV showed similar effects on annual decline of eGFR ( p = 0.193, 0.300, 0.182, respectively), although a trend for a steeper decline in renal function in the highest HbA1c_CV tertile was observed for all HbA1c strata, and even for HbA1c < 7%. A similar behavior was observed in patients with macroalbuminuria or normoalbuminuria ( p = 0.219, and 0.109, respectively), with a significant trend in those with microalbuminuria ( p = 0.019). Even in patients with HbA1c < 7, high HbA1c_CV also predicts rapid eGFR decline. Before macroalbuminuria, minimizing HbA1c_CV also has renal benefit.

Conclusions:

HbA1c variability is an independent risk factor for deterioration of renal function. Even with well-controlled HbA1c levels (<7%), patients with high HbA1c_CV still experienced faster eGFR decline. Early minimization of glycemic variability (before macroalbuminuira) can curb deterioration of renal function. Monitoring and lowering of HbA1c_CV is highly recommended for diabetic care.
Favourable serum calcification propensity with intraperitoneal as compared with subcutaneous insulin administration in type 1 diabetes
Authors: van Dijk Peter R. , Waanders Femke , Pasch Andreas , Logtenberg Susan J. J. , Vriesendorp Titia , Groenier Klaas H. , Hillebrands Jan-Luuk , Kleefstra Nanno , Gans Rijk O. B. , van Goor Harry , Bilo Henk J.G.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Serum calcification propensity can be monitored using the maturation time of calciprotein particles in serum (T50 test). A shorter T50 indicates greater propensity to calcify; this is an independent determinant of cardiovascular disease. As the intraperitoneal (IP) route of insulin administration mimics the physiology more than the subcutaneous (SC) route in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), we hypothesized that IP insulin influences determinants of calcium propensity and therefore result in a longer T50 than SC insulin administration.

Methods:

Prospective, observational case-control study. Measurements were performed at baseline and at 26 weeks in age and gender matched persons with T1DM.

Results:

A total of 181 persons, 39 (21.5%) of which used IP and 142 (78.5%) SC insulin were analysed. Baseline T50 was 356 (45) minutes. The geometric mean T50 significantly differed between both treatment groups: 367 [95% confidence interval (CI) 357, 376] for the IP group and 352 (95% CI 347, 357) for the SC group with a difference of –15 (95% CI –25, –4) minutes, in favour of IP treatment. In multivariable analyses, the IP route of insulin administration had a positive relation on T50 concentrations while higher age, triglycerides and phosphate concentrations had an inverse relation.

Conclusion:

Among persons with T1DM, IP insulin administration results in a more favourable calcification propensity time then SC insulin. It has yet to be shown if this observation translates into improved cardiovascular outcomes.
The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand
Authors: Tan Chai-Thing , Mohamed Azali , Habibullah Muzafar Shah , Chin Lee
Published: March 2020

This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long-run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS), are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand.

JEL Classification: E52, E58, E62, C01