bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Driver Injury Severity for Accidents Involving Heavy Vehicles with Decision Tree and Random Forest
Authors: Azhar Aziemah , Ariff Noratiqah Mohd , Bakar Mohd Aftar Abu , Roslan Azzuhana
Published: March 2022

Accidents involving heavy vehicles are of significant concern as it poses a higher risk of fatality to both heavy vehicle drivers and other road users. This study is carried out based on the heavy vehicle crash data of 2014, extracted from the MIROS Road Accident and Analysis and Database System (M-ROADS). The main objective of this study is to identify significant variables associated with categories of injury severity as well as classify and predict heavy vehicle drivers’ injury severity in Malaysia using the classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) methods. Both CART and RF found that types of collision, driver errors, number of vehicles involved, driver’s age, lighting condition and types of heavy vehicle are significant factors in predicting the severity of heavy vehicle drivers’ injuries. Both models are comparable, but the RF classifier achieved slightly better accuracy. This study implies that the variables associated with categories of injury severity can be referred by road safety practitioners to plan for the best measures needed in reducing road fatalities, especially among heavy vehicle drivers.
Methods of Conserving and Managing Cultural Heritage in Classical Chinese Royal Gardens Based on 3D Digitalization
Authors: Jia Shizhen , Liao Yi , Xiao Yuqing , Zhang Bo , Meng Xiangbin , Qin Ke
Published: March 2022

In this study, we aimed to implement information obtained and refined from garden elements in heritage conservation, monitoring, and management to precisely construct an information model of classical Chinese gardens, including information on the garden entity, garden space, and garden attributes, etc., and to improve the management efficiency of classical Chinese royal gardens. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology and point cloud information were used to accurately collect and process digital information from classical Chinese royal gardens. After classifying and processing the point cloud data, correlations therein could be further assessed and used to greatly improve the accuracy and management efficiency of spatial information. To provide a more convenient solution for the subsequent conservation and management of landscape heritage, a method for establishing a three-dimensional digital information database and a full life-cycle application management platform for classical Chinese royal gardens is proposed in this research. This method has broad applications for the digital conservation and management of cultural heritage.
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Coupling Coordination Degree of Industrial Innovation Ecosystem—From the Perspective of Green Transformation
Authors: Yu Xiaohua , Qi Yuan , Yu Longzhen , He Yuanyuan
Published: March 2022

This paper takes the industrial innovation ecosystem as the research object and the realization of green development as the goal, discussing the temporal and spatial evolution of coupling coordination degree of industrial innovation ecosystem from the perspective of system view. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2021, the spatial and temporal pattern distribution and spatial connection evolution of synergy among the three subsystems of industrial innovation ecosystem are studied by using coupling coordination degree model, trend surface model and gravity model. It is found that during the study period, the coupling relationship between the three subsystems is in a dynamic upward state. The regions with high values and rapid growth are distributed in the key areas of the national economic development strategy. At the same time, they have the characteristics of “positive U-shaped first and then inverted U-shaped” in the east-west and north-south directions; the spatial connection strength of coupling coordination degree shows that the spatial connection strength of the eastern region is significantly greater than that of the western region. With the improvement of spatial connection strength, a radial coupling network centered on Beijing Tianjin Tangshan region and the Yangtze River Delta is formed, which is of core significance to promote the coordinated development of industrial innovation ecosystem.
Modeling of the Kinetic Factors in Flame-Assisted Fuel Cells
Authors: Ghotkar Rhushikesh , Milcarek Ryan J.
Published: March 2022

Despite the significant experimental work in flame-assisted fuel cells (FFCs), a detailed model of FFC polarization losses does not exist in the literature. This paper thus presents a combination of theoretical and empirical models to describe the performance of FFCs. Previous models for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) polarization losses typically assumed values of the charge transfer coefficient (α) of 0.5 and a Nernst diffusion layer thickness (δ) equal to the anode thickness. The theoretical model developed in this work, parametrized in α and δ, is empirically fitted to the experimental polarization curves to understand the variation of these parameters while the FFC operates with different fuel partial pressures. Model results indicate that at low fuel concentrations (CR,0), the current density of the fuel cell (j) is limited by mass transfer limitations. As CR,0 increases, j is then limited by activation due to the limited number of activation sites in the fuel cell. Activation loss (ɳact) remains constant at low CR,0 (concentration limited) and increases rapidly with an increase in CR,0 under activation-limited conditions. The value of α, which varies significantly from 0.5, under concentration-limited conditions remains constant at ~0.24 and decreases rapidly with CR,0 under activation-limited conditions. The value of δ, which is much smaller than anode thickness, remains constant at ~10 µm under concentration-limited conditions and increases to a constant value of ~17.5 µm under activation limitations. Overcoming activation losses under high CR,0 conditions requires further investigation of FFCs.
Assessment of the Road Traffic Air Pollution in Urban Contexts: A Statistical Approach
Authors: Marino Concettina , Nucara Antonino , Panzera Maria Francesca , Pietrafesa Matilde
Published: March 2022

In the article, a statistical approach to the assessment of the emission rates discharged by road traffic in a spatial context is proposed. It exploits the ‘yearly average vehicle’, an indicator representing the pollutant emission rate of the average vehicle belonging to a specific category, considering the statistical variability of most of the involved traffic parameters: the vehicle speed and mileage travelled in the considered time. Finally, indicators assessing both the most probable value among the possible emission rates and the extent of their variability range are proposed. They may also be used to underpin decision-making processes, when the effects of different policies addressing air pollution issues are to be evaluated. Therefore, they are suitable for the analysis supporting urban planning activities, with a view to addressing and mitigating the effects and the consequences of pollution due to the transportation sector of the urban context. In addition, they can also be exploited by researchers when prediction analyses are to be performed.
Recent Advances in District Cooling Diffusion in the EU27+UK: An Assessment of the Market
Authors: Pezzutto Simon , Riviere Philippe , Kranzl Lukas , Zambito Andrea , Quaglini Giulio , Novelli Antonio , Hummel Marcus , Bottecchia Luigi , Wilczynski Eric
Published: March 2022

The scope of this investigation is to analyze recent advances in district cooling (DC) in Europe (European Union plus the United Kingdom (EU27+UK)). The study focuses on data and information from the past decade and draws a picture for the year 2016. To date, in contrast to the European district heating market, the European DC branch has barely been explored in scientific literature. In the current paper, the data that describe the actual DC market in the EU27+UK—which includes the quantity of DC plants, equivalent full-load hours, and installed capacities as well as the values for seasonal energy efficiency—are collected and then explored using a bottom-up approach. The results indicate that DC is responsible for a minor part of the useful energy demand of Europe for cooling with around 3 TWh/y. Overall, the share of the useful energy demand for DC corresponds with 1 to 2% of the EU27+UK useful energy demand. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the penetration of DC varies considerably from country to country, and eight European Member States appear to not have district cooling systems at all. Lastly, it is observed that DC has been slowly but constantly growing in Europe for decades and is characterized by a high growth potential, particularly in the service sector.
Valorization of Juglans regia. L Bark Residues as a Natural Colorant Based on Response Surface Methodology: A Challenging Approach to a Sustainable Dyeing Process for Acrylic Fabrics
Authors: Ben Ticha Manel , Slama Nourhene , Dhouibi Nedra , Boudokhane Chedly , Dhaouadi Hatem
Published: March 2022

The dyeing industry is considered one of the most polluting industries. Thus, several researchers have focused on studying the possibilities of natural textile dyeing. The objective of this paper was to optimize the microwave extraction process for Juglans regia bark residues in order to dye acrylic fabrics. Hence, at first, the following extraction conditions were studied: microwave power, pH, extraction duration and concentration of dry mass. Flavonoid and tannin content was measured each time. Moreover, the obtained extracts were used for dyeing acrylic fibers with microwave assistance, and the corresponding color yield (K/S) was measured. Then, the microwave extraction process already developed was optimized; a response surface design was established using Minitab 19 software. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be: microwave power = 850, pH = 3 and extraction time = 4 min. Finally, dyed and undyed acrylic were characterized by infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to distinguish the effect of this natural dye on the external layer of the acrylic fiber.
Effects of the Concrete Strength and FRP Reinforcement Type on the Non-Linear Behavior of Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: Kazemi Mostafa , Daneshfar Mohammad , Zandi Yousef , Sadighi Agdas Alireza , Yousefieh Negin , Mohammadifar Leili , Rahmani Aida , Saberian Mohammad , Mamdouh Amr , Khadimallah Mohamed Amine , Li Jie
Published: March 2022

To provide sustainable reinforced concrete deep beams, the replacement of steel rebars by FRP rebars with high-chemical resistance is proposed by researchers. However, the effects of the concrete strength, top and web longitudinal reinforcements, and types of FRP flexural rebars on the non-linear performance of concrete deep beams have rarely been evaluated. This study numerically assessed the effects of the top and web longitudinal reinforcements and concrete strength on the non-linear behaviour of GFRP- and CFRP-strengthened concrete deep beams with various shear span-to-overall depth (a/h) ratios. As per the results, the highest tensile stress was obtained for the steel reinforcement, and the tensile stress in the CFRP reinforcement was more than that of the GFRP reinforcement under the failure load. Meanwhile, the results of high- and normal-strength concrete deep beams with the web reinforcement (16.4%) were lower than those without the web reinforcement (22.3%). Therefore, the web reinforcement moderately compensated for the low strength of normal concrete and the absence of the top longitudinal rebar to reinforce concrete deep beams in carrying the ultimate load. Furthermore, the participation of the GFRP reinforcement with the high-strength concrete was more than that with the normal-strength concrete in carrying a higher amount of loading.
New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of PirAB from Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
Authors: Soto-Rodriguez Sonia A. , Lozano-Olvera Rodolfo , Ramos-Clamont Montfort Gabriela , Zenteno Edgar , Sánchez-Salgado José Luis , Vibanco-Pérez Norberto , Aguilar Rendón Karla G.
Published: March 2022

PirAB toxins secreted by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) harbor the pVA1 virulence plasmid, which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), an emerging disease in Penaeid shrimp that can cause 70–100% mortality and that has resulted in great economic losses since its first appearance. The cytotoxic effect of PirABVp on the epithelial cells of the shrimp hepatopancreas (Hp) has been extensively documented. New insights into the biological role of the PirBVp subunit show that it has lectin-like activity and recognizes mucin-like O-glycosidic structures in the shrimp Hp. The search for toxin receptors can lead to a better understanding of the infection mechanisms of the pathogen and the prevention of the host disease by blocking toxin–receptor interactions using a mimetic antagonist. There is also evidence that Vp AHPND changes the community structure of the microbiota in the surrounding water, resulting in a significant reduction of several bacterial taxa, especially Neptuniibacter spp. Considering these findings, the PirABvp toxin could exhibit a dual role of damaging the shrimp Hp while killing the surrounding bacteria.
The Microbiome and Uremic Solutes
Authors: Zaidan Nadim , Nazzal Lama
Published: March 2022

Uremic retention solutes, especially the protein-bound compounds, are toxic metabolites, difficult to eliminate with progressive renal functional decline. They are of particular interest because these uremic solutes are responsible for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Evidence suggests that the relation between uremic toxins, the microbiome, and its host is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease, with the colon’s motility, epithelial integrity, and absorptive properties also playing an important role. Studies found an alteration of the microbiota composition with differences in species proportion, diversity, and function. Since uremic toxins precursors are generated by the microbiota, multiple therapeutic options are currently being explored to address dysbiosis. While an oral adsorbent can decrease the transport of bacterial metabolites from the intestinal lumen to the blood, dietary measures, supplements (prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics), and antibiotics aim to target directly the gut microbiota composition. Innovative approaches, such as the modulation of bacterial enzymes, open new perspectives to decrease the plasma level of uremic toxins.
Novel Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 in Backyard Chicken in Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chilean Polynesia
Authors: Di Pillo Francisca , Baumberger Cecilia , Salazar Carla , Galdames Pablo , Ruiz Soledad , Sharp Bridgett , Freiden Pamela , Tan Shaoyuan , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Hamilton-West Christopher , Jimenez-Bluhm Pedro
Published: March 2022

Little is known about the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wildlife and domestic animals in Polynesia. Here, we present the results of active AIV surveillance performed during two sampling seasons in 2019 on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Tracheal and cloacal swabs as well as sera samples were obtained from domestic backyard poultry, while fresh faeces were collected from wild birds. In addition to detecting antibodies against AIV in 46% of the domestic chickens in backyard production systems tested, we isolated a novel low pathogenic H6N1 virus from a chicken. Phylogenetic analysis of all genetic segments revealed that the virus was closely related to AIV’s circulating in South America. Our analysis showed different geographical origins of the genetic segments, with the PA, HA, NA, NP, and MP gene segments coming from central Chile and the PB2, PB1, and NS being closely related to viruses isolated in Argentina. While the route of introduction can only be speculated, our analysis shows the persistence and independent evolution of this strain in the island since its putative introduction between 2015 and 2016. The results of this research are the first evidence of AIV circulation in domestic birds on a Polynesian island and increase our understanding of AIV ecology in region, warranting further surveillance on Rapa Nui and beyond.
Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV) in Human Breast Cancer—The Value of Bradford Hill Criteria
Authors: Lawson James S. , Glenn Wendy K.
Published: March 2022

For many decades, the betaretrovirus, mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), has been a causal suspect for human breast cancer. In recent years, substantial new evidence has been developed. Based on this evidence, we hypothesise that MMTV has a causal role. We have used an extended version of the classic A. Bradford Hill causal criteria to assess the evidence. 1. Identification of MMTV in human breast cancers: The MMTV 9.9 kb genome in breast cancer cells has been identified. The MMTV genome in human breast cancer is up to 98% identical to MMTV in mice. 2. Epidemiology: The prevalence of MMTV positive human breast cancer is about 35 to 40% of breast cancers in Western countries and 15 to 20% in China and Japan. 3. Strength of the association between MMTV and human breast cancer: Consistency—MMTV env gene sequences are consistently five-fold higher in human breast cancer as compared to benign and normal breast controls. 4. Temporality (timing) of the association: MMTV has been identified in benign and normal breast tissues up to 10 years before the development of MMTV positive breast cancer in the same patient. 5. Exposure: Exposure of humans to MMTV leads to development of MMTV positive human breast cancer. 6. Experimental evidence: MMTVs can infect human breast cells in culture; MMTV proteins are capable of malignantly transforming normal human breast epithelial cells; MMTV is a likely cause of biliary cirrhosis, which suggests a link between MMTV and the disease in humans. 7. Coherence—analogy: The life cycle and biology of MMTV in humans is almost the same as in experimental and feral mice. 8. MMTV Transmission: MMTV has been identified in human sputum and human milk. Cereals contaminated with mouse fecal material may transmit MMTV. These are potential means of transmission. 9. Biological plausibility: Retroviruses are the established cause of human cancers. Human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-1) causes adult T cell leukaemia, and human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) is associated with lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. 10. Oncogenic mechanisms: MMTV oncogenesis in humans probably differs from mice and may involve the enzyme APOBEC3B. Conclusion: In our view, the evidence is compelling that MMTV has a probable causal role in a subset of approximately 40% of human breast cancers.
Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of PCV2 Reveals That PCV2e Is an Emerging Genotype in Southern China: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Xu Quanming , Zhang Yongyi , Sun Wen , Chen Hong , Zhu Dewen , Lu Chang , Yin Yuanyuan , Rai Kul Raj , Chen Ji-Long , Chen Ye
Published: March 2022

Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), has ravaged the pig industry, causing huge economic loss. At present, PCV2b and PCV2d are highly prevalent genotypes worldwide, while in China, in addition to PCV2b and PCV2d, a newly emerged PCV2e genotype detected in the Fujian province has attracted attention, indicating that PCV2 genotypes in China are more abundant. A preliminary study was conducted to better understand the genetic diversity and prevalence of PCV2 genotypes in southern China. We collected 79 random lung samples from pigs with respiratory signs, from 2018 to 2021. We found a PCV2-positivity rate of 29.1%, and frequent co-infections of PCV2 with PCV3, Streptococcus suis (S. suis), and other porcine pathogens. All PCV2-positive samples were sequenced and subjected to whole-genome analysis. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the PCV2 ORF2 gene and complete genomes, found that PCV2 strains identified in this study belonged to genotypes PCV2a (1), PCV2b (6), PCV2d (10), and PCV2e (6). Importantly, PCV2e was identified for the first time in some provinces, including Guangdong and Jiangxi. Additionally, we found two positively selected sites in the ORF2 region, located on the previously reported antigenic epitopes. Moreover, codon 63, one of the positively selected sites, has different types of amino acids in different genotypes. In conclusion, this study shows that PCV2e is an emerging genotype circulating in southern China, which warrants urgent, specific surveillance to aid the development of prevention and control strategies in China.
Characterization of Immune Response towards Generation of Universal Anti-HA-Stalk Antibodies after Immunization of Broiler Hens with Triple H5N1/NA-HA-M1 VLPs
Authors: Gromadzka Beata , Chraniuk Milena , Hovhannisyan Lilit , Uranowska Karolina , Szewczyk Bogusław , Narajczyk Magdalena , Panasiuk Mirosława
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) promptly evade preexisting immunity by constantly altering the immunodominant neutralizing antibody epitopes (antigenic drift) or by procuring new envelope serotypes (antigenic shift). As a consequence, the majority of antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination protect only against closely related strains. The immunodominance of the globular head of the main glycoprotein has been shown to mask the immunogenicity of the conserved regions located within the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. It has been shown that the broadly neutralizing universal antibodies recognize the HA2 domain in headless hemagglutinin (HA-stalk). Therefore, the HA-stalk is a highly conserved antigen, which makes it a good candidate to be used in universal vaccine development against AIVs. (2) Methods: Sf9 insect cells were used to produce triple H5N1/NA-HA-M1 influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) via co-expression of neuraminidase, hemagglutinin and matrix proteins from a tricistronic expression cassette. Purified influenza VLPs were used to immunize broiler hens. An in-depth characterization of the immune response was performed with an emphasis on the pool of elicited universal antibodies. (3) Results: Our findings suggest, that after vaccination with triple H5N1/NA-HA-M1 VLPs, hens generate a pool of broad-spectrum universal anti-HA-stalk antibodies. Furthermore, these universal antibodies are able to recognize the mammalian-derived HA-stalk recombinant proteins from homologous H5N1 and heterologous H7N9 AIVs as well as from the heterosubtypic human H1N1 influenza strain. (4) Conclusions: Our findings may suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 HA protein contain functional epitopes that are attractive targets for the generation of broad-spectrum antibodies against AIVs in their native hosts.
Special Issue “Gamma Delta T Cells in Immune Response against Viruses”
Authors: Champagne Eric
Published: April 2022

γδ T cells are members of ‘unconventional’ T cells that combine the properties of adaptive T lymphocytes and innate cells such as NK cells [...]
The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
Authors: Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Khunphon Athiwat , Kwangsukstid Oraya , Sapsutthipas Sompong , Wichaidit Mingkwan , Rojanawiwat Archawin , Wichuckchinda Nuanjun , Puangtubtim Wiroj , Pimpapai Warangluk , Soonthorncharttrawat Sakulrat , Wanitchang Asawin , Jongkaewwattana Anan , Srisutthisamphan Kanjana , Phainupong Daraka , Thawong Naphatcha , Piboonsiri Pundharika , Sawaengdee Waritta , Somsaard Thitiporn , Ritthitham Kanokphon , Chumpol Supaporn , Pinyosukhee Nadthanan , Wichajarn Rattanawadee , Dhepakson Panadda , Iamsirithaworn Sopon , Phumiamorn Supaporn
Published: March 2022

In response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which partially escaped the vaccine-induced immunity provided by two doses of vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac), the National Vaccine Committee recommended the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 (Oxford–AstraZeneca), a prime–boost vaccine regimen. This pilot study aimed to describe the immunogenicity and adverse events of the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 regimen, in comparison with homologous CoronaVac, and homologous ChAdOx1. Between May and August 2021, we recruited a total of 354 participants from four vaccination groups: the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 vaccinee (n = 155), the homologous CoronaVac vaccinee (n = 32), the homologous ChAdOx1 vaccinee (n = 47), and control group of COVID-19 patients (n = 120). Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring the level of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-SRBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit and the level of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against variants of concern (VOCs) using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT). The safety profile was recorded by interviewing at the 1-month visit after vaccination. The anti-SRBD level after the second booster dose of the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group at 2 weeks was higher than 4 weeks. At 4 weeks after the second booster dose, the anti-SRBD level in the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group was significantly higher than either homologous CoronaVac, the homologous ChAdOx1 group, and Control group (p < 0.001). In the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group, the PRNT50 level against the wild-type (434.5 BAU/mL) was the highest; followed by Alpha variant (80.4), Delta variant (67.4), and Beta variant (19.8). The PVNT50 level was also found to be at its highest against the wild-type (432.1); followed by Delta variants (178.3), Alpha variants (163.9), and Beta variant (42.2), respectively. The AEs in the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group were well tolerated and generally unremarkable. The CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 heterologous regimen induced higher immunogenicity and a tolerable safety profile. In a situation when only CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 vaccines are available, they should be considered for use in responding to the Delta variant.
COVID-19-Related Vaccine Hesitancy among Community Hospitals’ Healthcare Workers in Singapore
Authors: Aw Junjie , Seah Sharna Si Ying , Seng Benjamin Jun Jie , Low Lian Leng
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 has culminated in widespread infections and increased deaths over the last 3 years. In addition, it has also resulted in collateral economic and geopolitical tensions. Vaccination remains one of the cornerstones in the fight against COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy must be critically evaluated in individual countries to promote vaccine uptake. We describe a survey conducted in three Singapore community hospitals looking at healthcare workers’ vaccine hesitancy and the barriers for its uptake. The online anonymous survey was conducted from March to July 2021 on all staff across three community hospital sites in SingHealth Singapore. The questionnaire was developed following a scoping review and was pilot tested and finalized into a 58-item instrument capturing data on demographics, contextual features, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and other vaccine-related factors in the vaccine hesitancy matrix. Logistic regression analysis was employed for all co-variates that are significant in univariate analysis. The response rate was 23.9%, and the vaccine hesitancy prevalence was 48.5% in the initial phase of the pandemic. On logistic regression analysis, only being female, a younger age, not having had a loved one or friend infected with COVID-19 and obtaining information from newspapers were associated with vaccine hesitancy in healthcare workers in Singapore community hospitals.
Concurrent Gene Insertion, Deletion, and Inversion during the Construction of a Novel Attenuated BoHV-1 Using CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
Authors: Liu Chun-Yu , Jin Ming , Guo Hao , Zhao Hong-Zhe , Hou Li-Na , Yang Yang , Wen Yong-Jun , Wang Feng-Xue
Published: March 2022

Bovine herpesvirus type I (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen that causes respiratory disease in bovines. The disease is prevalent worldwide, causing huge economic losses to the cattle industry. Gene-deficient vaccines with immunological markers to distinguish them from wild-type infections have become a mainstream in vaccine research and development. In order to knock out the gE gene BoHV-1, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Interesting phenomena were observed at the single guide RNA (sgRNA) splicing site, including gene insertion, gene deletion, and the inversion of 5′ and 3′ ends of the sgRNA splicing site. In addition to the deletion of the gE gene, the US9 gene, and the non-coding regions of gE and US9, it was found that the US4 sequence, US6 sequence, and part of the US7 sequence were inserted into the EGFP sgRNA splicing site and the 3′ end of the EGFP sequence was deleted. Similar to the BoHV-1 parent, the BoHV-1 mutants induced high neutralizing antibodies titer levels in mice. In summary, we developed a series of recombinant gE-deletion BoHV-1 samples using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The mutant viruses with EGFP+ or EGFP− will lay the foundation for research on BoHV-1 and vaccine development in the future.
Cross Species Analysis and Comparison of Tumors in Dogs and Cats, by Age, Sex, Topography and Main Morphologies. Data from Vet-OncoNet
Authors: Pinello Katia , Pires Isabel , Castro Ana Filipa , Carvalho Paulo Tiago , Santos Andreia , de Matos Augusto , Queiroga Felisbina , Canadas-Sousa Ana , Dias-Pereira Patrícia , Catarino José , Faísca Pedro , Branco Sandra , Lopes Cristiana , Marcos Filipa , Peleteiro Maria C. , Pissarra Hugo , Ruivo Pedro , Magalhães Rui , Severo Milton , Niza-Ribeiro João
Published: April 2022

The animal cancer burden is essential for the translational value of companion animals in comparative oncology. The present work aims to describe, analyze, and compare frequencies and associations of tumors in dogs and cats based on the Animal Cancer Registry created by Vet-OncoNet. With 9079 registries, regarding 2019 and 2020, 81% (n = 7355) belonged to dogs. In comparison, cats have a general one-year right advance in the mean age of cancer diagnosis compared to dogs. The multivariate topography group analysis shows a distinct pattern between the two species: dogs have higher odds of cancer in the genito-urinary system, spleen, soft tissue tumors and skin, while cats show higher odds for tumors in the eyes, digestive organs, nasal cavity, lymph nodes, bones and mammary glands. Regarding morphologies, dogs are overrepresented in mast cell tumors (MCT), melanomas, and hemangiosarcomas. While cats are overrepresented in fibrosarcomas, lymphomas (T and B-cell), in malignant mammary tumors, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Females have greater odds only in the mammary gland, with males having greater odds in six of twelve topographies. This study is the first outcome of continuous animal cancer registration studies in Portugal.
A GIS-Based Method for Identification of Blindness in Former Site Selection of Sewage Treatment Plants and Exploration of Optimal Siting Areas: A Case Study in Liao River Basin
Authors: Liu Ben , Tang Jie , Qu Yunke , Yang Yao , Lyu Hang , Dai Yindong , Li Zhaoyang
Published: March 2022

With regard to environmental facilities, blindness and the subjectivity of site selection lead to serious economic, engineering and social problems. A proper siting proposal often poses a challenge to local governments, as multiple factors should be considered, such as costs, construction conditions and social impact. How to make the optimal siting decision has become a topical issue in academic circles. In order to enrich the framework of site selection models, this study combined GIS, AHP and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies to conduct siting suitability analysis of sewage treatment plants, and it was first applied in the Liao River basin in Jilin Province in China. The enriched model is able to reveal blindness in the former site selection of sewage treatment plants and explore optimal siting areas, involving an effective quantification method for summer dominant wind direction and urban stream direction. In a case study, it was found that local governments need to be cautious of the distance of sites from rivers and residential areas and the impact of these sites on downwind and downstream residents. Additionally, siting suitability has obvious regional characteristics, and its distribution varies significantly between towns. Huaide Town shows the largest optimal siting areas and can be given priority for the construction of new sewage treatment plants. This paper developed a more scientific approach to site selection, and the outcome can provide a robust reference for local governments.
How Heterogeneous Pore Scale Distributions of Wettability Affect Infiltration into Porous Media
Authors: Bentz Jonas , Patel Ravi A. , Benard Pascal , Lieu Alice , Haupenthal Adrian , Kroener Eva
Published: March 2022

Wettability is an important parameter that significantly determines hydrology in porous media, and it especially controls the flow of water across the rhizosphere—the soil-plant interface. However, the influence of spatially heterogeneous distributions on the soil particles surfaces is scarcely known. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of spatially heterogeneous wettability distributions on infiltration into porous media. For this purpose, we utilize a two-phase flow model based on Lattice-Boltzmann to numerically simulate the infiltration in porous media with a simplified geometry and for various selected heterogeneous wettability coatings. Additionally, we simulated the rewetting of the dry rhizosphere of a sandy soil where dry hydrophobic mucilage depositions on the particle surface are represented via a locally increased contact angle. In particular, we can show that hydraulic dynamics and water repellency are determined by the specific location of wettability patterns within the pore space. When present at certain locations, tiny hydrophobic depositions can cause water repellency in an otherwise well-wettable soil. In this case, averaged, effective contact angle parameterizations such as the Cassie equation are unsuitable. At critical conditions, when the rhizosphere limits root water uptake, consideration of the specific microscale locations of exudate depositions may improve models of root water uptake.
The Content Level, Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics, and Health-Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Upper Lancang River (Changdu Section)
Authors: Liu Min , Zhang Zhongwei , Lin Li , Zhao Liangyuan , Dong Lei , Jin Haiyang , Zou Jingyi , Li Rui , He Yunjiao
Published: April 2022

Evaluation of trace elements in the water of Lancang River during the wet season (October) and dry season (December) was carried out to analyze the content of trace elements in the water, spatial and seasonal variations, enrichment, and health risks of dissolved trace metal. The results showed that the content of trace elements in the main stream of the upper Lancang River met the “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002) Class I water-quality standard, but the Fe content in sampling points during the wet season exceeded the limit value of water-quality standard. Compared with other rivers in Tibet, the contents of As, Fe, and Pb in the study were relatively high. While Pb, As, and Zn were the mainly enriched trace elements. The water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, As, Cr, and Cu in the main stream of the upper Lancang River with significant seasonal variations. The content of trace elements in the front of the dam was lower than that in the tail and under the dam. The trace elements in the water of the reservoir area increased with an increase in the depth, and the reservoir had a certain interception effect on the trace elements. The As content in the main stream of the Lancang River was greatly affected by the branch of Angqu with high content of As. The HQingestion and HI of As in the part of the river in the study exceeded 1, and the water-quality health risks of the Guoduo reservoir tail and urban reaches were higher than those of other reaches, which should be paid more attention.
Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis: Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Principles
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Livzan M.A. , Gaus O.V. , Mozgovoj S.I. , Bodunova N.A. , Yаnova T.I. , Polyakova V.V. , Embutnieks Y.V. , Bordin D.S. ,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,   Tver State Medical University
Published: March 2022

This publication summarizes and systematizes the data available in the literature on chronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG) in order to increase the awareness of specialists about the modern possibilities of diagnosing the disease, including in the early stages. Possible variants of the disease clinical manifestation include gastrointestinal, hematological (primarily, the formation of iron deficiency and B12-deficiency anemia), as well as neurological. Patients with CAG are characterized by comorbidity with other autoimmune diseases. Presented the data on the most informative serological markers of the diagnosis of CAG, as well as laboratory tests to detect micronutrient deficiency, information about characteristic changes in the gastric mucosa and the prognosis of the disease. The diagnosis of CAG should be based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines a thorough analysis of patient complaints with a mandatory assessment of nutritional status, the results of serological, endoscopic and histological methods of research
Management of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Who Did Not Respond to Anti-TNF Treatment
Authors:   Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital № 1, Mordasova V.I. , Kopylova D.V. , Dobrosotskih G.V.
Published: March 2022

Effective methods of treating UC patients is one of the most important problems. The inclusion of biological drugs in clinical practice leads to an improvement in the treatment of moderate and severe UC, but from 10 to 20% of patients lose their response within a year, which leads to the need to optimize the dose or switch to another drug. The use of janus kinase inhibitors – a new class of targeted synthetic drugs for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis – allows for a rapid clinical response when switching from TNF-α inhibitors. Pronounced clinical efficacy is usually observed 2-8 weeks after the start of treatment. A clinical case of a patient with ulcerative colitis who did not respond to treatment with anti-TNF is presented. Modern approaches to the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and treatment tactics are reflected, as well as therapeutic possibilities for overcoming the secondary inefficiency of TNF inhibitors by using janus kinase inhibitors
Maintaining client mental well-being within a physical health setting through therapeutic mechanisms: A scoping review for occupational therapy
Authors:   , Orange Monica
Published: March 2022

Well-being is a subjective concept embedded within the core values of the occupational therapy philosophy. Well-being is comprised of mental/emotional, physical, cultural/spiritual, social, financial, environmental, intellectual, and vocational aspects which have direct impact on the perceived mental and physical health, and quality of life of an individual. An individual’s perception of their well-being also influences the occupations that they engage in, their roles and routines, resilience, and how they cope with day-to-day life. The way the clinicians address an individual’s holistic well-being has a powerful influence on occupational therapy outcomes and experiences while accessing healthcare services. Occupational therapy is said to be a holistic practice; however, due to the mental health and physical health gap, clinicians who work within a physical health focused setting often find themselves faced with barriers when clients present with mental well-being concerns which negatively impact their engagement with rehabilitation interventions. Mental health and physical health co-morbidities are an increasingly common occurrence; however, there is a lack of literature which explicitly links the two and supports therapists in finding proactive solutions which align with their unique skillset to help to bridge this gap.
A Mathematical Analysis of the Relationship Between the Vaccination Rate And COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
Authors: DALKILIÇ Orhan , DEMİRTAŞ Naime
Published: April 2022

One of the most important uncertainty problems encountered today is how to take action against the Covid-19 pandemic. The most important of these measures is undoubtedly vaccination. In this study, vaccination process implemented in Turkey Covidien-19 was analyzed. Intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, which is an important mathematical model developed for uncertainty, were used for this analysis process. In addition, an algorithm has been proposed to better evaluate the obtained findings. As a result, with the increase in vaccinations, the number of people caught in the pandemic has decreased.
Vascularised periosteal free flap reconstruction for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case series
Authors: Reid Isabella , Loh Ian , Bruschino-Raiola Frank
Published: April 2022

A retrospective case series describing preliminary outcomes for advanced MRONJ managed with conservative dental measures, local nasolabial flap reconstruction or vascularised periosteal radial forearm flap reconstruction.
The financial burden of complications of overseas breast implants at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
Authors: Gonzalez Matheus Isabel , Peters Matthew , Edmunds Marie-Claire
Published: April 2022

Introduction: An increasing number of Australians are travelling overseas for aesthetic surgery. This study aims to establish the financial costs of complications arising from overseas inserted breast implants. Method: Data from the Australian Breast Device Registry (ABDR) on patients who have undergone removal of overseas inserted implants at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital from October 2014 to October 2019 was analysed. Financial costs were calculated using electronic medical records and discharge codes. Results: Of the 331 cases of implant removals recorded, only eight (2.4%) were from overseas inserted devices. Seven of these were performed as emergency procedures. Two patients required more than one operation. Length of stay (LOS) ranged from two to 28 days with a median LOS of 8.6 days. Most patients had multi-disciplinary team involvement with infectious diseases being the most consulted specialty. All patients required in-hospital IV antibiotic therapy and dressing changes. All were offered more than one out patient follow-up appointment. The total cost to our department surpassed AU$110,000 which represents four per cent of the total hospital spending on breast device explantations. Conclusion: Surgical complications from overseas implant procedures cost a small percentage of the hospital budget for breast procedures. However, with the increasing popularity of cosmetic tourism, this figure could increase in the following years. We can use this information to educate individuals on making better choices while potentially reducing the financial burden to public hospitals in Queensland.
Prevention of thermal injury from lighted retractors in breast surgery: a comparative study of optical cable calibre
Authors: Nizzero Danielle , Deek Roland , Dean Nicola R
Published: April 2022

**Objective**: Iatrogenic thermal injury can result from the use of lighted retractors during breast surgery due to the generation of heat at the connection between the optical cable and the lighted retractor. This study aims to determine whether a smaller calibre optical cable generates less heat at its connection with a Tebbetts lighted retractor.**Methods**: We measured the heat generated at the connection between an optical cable and a Tebbetts lighted retractor for a 3.0 mm optical cable and a 5.5 mm optical cable.**Results**: Both optical cables showed temperature rises. The 3.0 mm optical cable reached a peak temperature of 33.29 °C after 44 minutes and 47 seconds. The 5.5 mm optical cable reached a peak temperature of 49.23 °C after 53 minutes and 19 seconds. Light intensity was similar between the two cable types.**Conclusion**: A 3.0 mm optical cable generates less heat than a 5.5 mm cable at the connection between the cable and the retractor. We recommend using the smaller calibre optical cable to reduce the risk of thermal injury to patients from the use of Tebbetts lighted retractors during breast surgery.
El problema migratorio en el capitalismo global: síntoma del desarrollo desigual y la crisis civilizadora
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Márquez Covarrubias Humberto
Published: March 2022

El problema migratorio en el capitalismo contemporáneo es sintomático de la tendencia secular del desarrollo alimentado por la acumulación de capital, la procreación de sobrepoblación relativa y la consecuente migración forzada y compulsiva. Asimismo, devela la profundidad de la crisis civilizatoria, que pone al desnudo la crisis humanitaria de la población redundante que busca insertarse a los mercados laborales donde tiene reservados espacios degradados, peligrosos y mal remunerados. El problema migratorio en el capitalismo no tiene resolución sin cambiar las relaciones sociales capitalistas. Los Estados nacionales resguardan sus intereses: fronteras, seguridad, guerra, recursos naturales, y utilizan o expelen a los migrantes como fuerza de trabajo. Las políticas asistenciales de la sociedad civil resarcen la corporalidad desvalida desde una visión humanista despolitizada que no acomete las causas estructurales del fenómeno. Los migrantes se organizan sólo para realizar el periplo migratorio en caravanas, pero no han cobrado conciencia social de clase. La emancipación de los migrantes no podrá realizarse si no se emancipan junto con el conjunto de la clase trabajadora, que sin embargo permanece dispersa, inconexa y dominada por la trama del poder del capital global.
Desarrollo desigual en el complejo automotriz México-Estados Unidos: control monopólico del conocimiento y migración altamente calificada
Authors:   Investigador independiente, Crossa Niell Mateo , Delgado Wise Raúl ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar un aspecto crítico de la dinámica de desarrollo desigual que se gesta en el complejo automotriz México-Estados Unidos a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas. Nos referimos al control monopólico que las grandes firmas automotrices asentadas en el clúster tecnológico georreferenciado en Detroit, Michigan, ejercen sobre la esfera de la innovación. Se argumenta que dicho ecosistema, que opera como centro neurálgico del complejo automotriz regional hegemonizado por Estados Unidos, descansa crecientemente en la participación de fuerza de trabajo científico-técnica proveniente del extranjero. Se perfila con ello una marcada división del trabajo al seno de la industria automotriz regional, donde a México le ha correspondido especializarse en las actividades intensivas en fuerza de trabajo y aportar un amplio contingente de ingenieros para satisfacer la demanda laboral generada en el clúster estadounidense, especializado en las actividades intensivas en conocimiento.