bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Pursuit of Competitive Advantage
Authors: Covin Jeffrey G. , Miles Morgan P.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a theoretical exploration of the construct of corporate entrepreneurship. Of the various dimensions of firm-level entrepreneurial orientation identified in the literature, it is argued that innovation, broadly defined, is the single common theme underlying all forms of corporate entrepreneurship. However, the presence of innovation per se is insufficient to label a firm entrepreneurial. Rather, it is suggested that this label be reserved for firms that use innovation as a mechanism to redefine or rejuvenate themselves, their positions within markets and industries, or the competitive arenas in which they compete. A typology is presented of the forms in which corporate entrepreneurship is often manifested, and the robustness of this typology is assessed using criteria that have been proposed for evaluating classificational schemata. Theoretical linkages are then drawn demonstrating how each of the generic forms of corporate entrepreneurship may be a path to competitive advantage.
Corporate Entrepreneurship and Cross-Functional Fertilization: Activation, Process and Disintegration of a New Product Design Team
Authors: Hitt Michael A. , Nixon Robert D. , Hoskisson Robert E. , Kochhar Rahul
Published: January 2018

Corporate entrepreneurship is important to firms’ long-term competitiveness, and cross-functional fertilization contributes to firm innovation. Thus, cross-functional teams have become popular in the design and development of new products, but there has been little research on the specific characteristics and processes of such teams over time. This research longitudinally studied a cross-functional new product design team using multiple methods. The results suggested that organizational context, specifically top management team support and organizational politics, has more significant influence on team success than internal team characteristics. While the team experienced a positive beginning with few differences among the team members, conditions rapidly deteriorated because of a lack of top management support and dysfunctional organizational politics. Thus, the results have implications for effective management of cross-functional teams. This intensive longitudinal case study produced rich and valuable information and provides useful implications for corporate entrepreneurship and directions for future research on cross-functional teams.
Law, Stigma, and Meaning: Implications for Obesity and HIV Prevention
Authors: Stanton Michael V. , Smith Jason A.
Published: January 2018

Public health law has focused primarily on combatting stigma through laws targeting discrimination based on attributes (de jure), when the reach of stigma extends far beyond mere appearances. By exploring the lived experience of stigmatized individuals, policy makers might more deeply understand public health problems, more appropriately create health policies, and more effectively promote positive health behaviors. Efforts to address stigma must focus on all aspects of stigma to be effective.
My Gametes, My Right? The Politics of Involving Donors' Partners in Egg and Sperm Donation
Authors: Johnson Katherine M.
Published: January 2018

Gamete donation offers a unique opportunity to compare men and women's relationships to reproductive decision-making, unlike other reproductive processes, which typically involve women's bodies much more asymmetrically. I address medical and reproductive decision-making by examining how a gamete donor's partner may be involved in the donation process. Some countries explicitly involve a donor's partner by legally requiring spousal consent for donation, but this is not the case for the U.S. In the absence of any formal regulation, what are the expectations for involving a donor's partner? Through a content analysis of materials from donation programs across the U.S., I examine how donation programs configure the partner's role. Overall, I find that there are quite different expectations for partner involvement in egg versus sperm donation. Such differences, I argue, both stem from and reinforce existing issues navigating boundaries between intimate relationships and women's medical and reproductive autonomy.
Demand for and Supply of Drugs among School Youth. An Evaluation of the Swedish Dare Program
Authors: Lindström Peter , Svensson Robert
Published: January 2018

Illicit drug use among high school students is on the rise in Sweden as well as in other countries. This fact has put high demand on the police, who are not only expected to reduce the availability of drugs but also to take part in the effort to affect the students' demand for drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze what impact students' demand for and perceived availability of illicit drugs in the seventh grade have on their attitudes towards and experience with drugs in the eigth grade. Moreover, the purpose was to investigate to what extent a specific police-led school-based drug prevention program, the project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), affects students' attitudes and experiences regarding drugs.

As a part in an ongoing evaluation of the Swedish DARE program (called VÅGA) about 1 800 students in 22 Swedish junior high schools on three occasions anonymously answered questions about their attitudes towards and experiences with drugs. Contextual analysis was used to estimate the significance of various student-level risk-factors (such as family bonding, school involvement, and peer activity) and school aggregated contextual factors.

The results show that students' curiosity and perceived availability of illicit drugs at the school-level have statistically significant effects on drug-related attitudes and experiences at the individual-student level. The attitudes towards and experiences with drugs in the eigth grade of students who participated in the DARE program in the seventh grade were not different from those of students who did not participate in the program. A brief discussion of what measures the police should conduct in order to block the availability of drugs and what their role in schools should be are finally presented.
The smuggling of alcholic beverages into finland in the 1990s
Authors: Österberg Esa , Haavisto Kari
Published: January 2018

This article looks at the quantities of alcohol smuggled into Finland in the mid-1990s and at changes in the smuggling of alcoholic beverages, both in quality and quantity, since the 1980s.

Estimates of the extent of smuggling can be based on various sources. This article makes use of two types of information. On the one hand, it employs interview material where the interviewees have been asked about their possible purchase and use of smuggled alcoholic beverages, and about their attitudes towards smuggling. On the other hand, it draws on existing official statistics and registers, mainly data on alcohol seized by customs and on unlawful import or export.

According to drinking habit surveys conducted in 1968-1992, self-reported purchases of smuggled alcohol remained at less than 100,000 litres of pure alcohol per annum. Seizures by customs totalled less than 5,000 litres of 100 % alcohol. However, this article clearly illustrates that the smuggling of alcoholic beverages has reached significant proportions since Finland joined the European Union in 1995.

Based on two different interview studies conducted in 1996, and taking into account the possibility of hiding and cover-ups, our assumption is that the amount of smuggled alcohol (all kinds included) in 1996 totalled approximately one million litres, that is, nearly 2 % of the official alcohol consumption in the country.

In 1995 customs seized 183,600 litres of alcohol; the figure in 1996 was 85,000. In 1995, most smuggled alcohol came to Finland in containers or trucks from the EU internal market. After new regulations were issued in 1996, there was a marked shift in smuggling preferences to transports from Estonia and Russia. The alcohol was smuggled into the country either hidden in vehicle structures or among the cargo.
An incomplete breakthrough
Authors: Hu Qiuyin
Published: January 2018

This article reflects on how appropriately the German Minimum Wage Act— the latest national minimum wage legislation within the EU— has been constructed so as to remedy the fading role of collective bargaining in wage setting and curb the increasing in-work poverty across the country. Based on identifying four fundamental parts of a minimum wage regime, it examines successively the corresponding provisions in the German law, with frequent comparisons with the legislation of several other Member States. It is found that Germany has refrained from learning the positive legislative experiences of its EU counterparts, and has developed a minimum wage regime that is distinct in more than one aspect. Such a wage floor, however, loses efficiency and momentum before serving the original purposes of its own introduction.
The impact of digital health technologies on tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Ngwatu Brian Kermu , Nsengiyumva Ntwali Placide , Oxlade Olivia , Mappin-Kasirer Benjamin , Nguyen Nhat Linh , Jaramillo Ernesto , Falzon Dennis , Schwartzman Kevin
Published: January 2018

Digital technologies are increasingly harnessed to support treatment of persons with tuberculosis (TB). Since in-person directly observed treatment (DOT) can be resource intensive and challenging to implement, these technologies may have the potential to improve adherence and clinical outcomes. We reviewed the effect of these technologies on TB treatment adherence and patient outcomes.

We searched several bibliographical databases for studies reporting the effect of digital interventions, including short message service (SMS), video-observed therapy (VOT) and medication monitors (MMs), to support treatment for active TB. Only studies with a control group and which reported effect estimates were included.

Four trials showed no statistically significant effect on treatment completion when SMS was added to standard care. Two observational studies of VOT reported comparable treatment completion rates when compared with in-person DOT. MMs increased the probability of cure (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.4) in one observational study, and one trial reported a statistically significant reduction in missed treatment doses relative to standard care (adjusted means ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.42–0.79).

Evidence of the effect of digital technologies to improve TB care remains limited. More studies of better quality are needed to determine how such technologies can enhance programme performance.
Does cognitive behavioral therapy alter mental defeat and cognitive flexibility in patients with panic disorder?
Authors: Nagata Shinobu , Seki Yoichi , Shibuya Takayuki , Yokoo Mizue , Murata Tomokazu , Hiramatsu Yoichi , Yamada Fuminori , Ibuki Hanae , Minamitani Noriko , Yoshinaga Naoki , Kusunoki Muga , Inada Yasushi , Kawasoe Nobuko , Adachi Soichiro , Oshiro Keiko , Matsuzawa Daisuke , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Yoshimura Kensuke , Nakazato Michiko , Iyo Masaomi , Nakagawa Akiko , Shimizu Eiji
Published: January 2018

Objective

Mental defeat and cognitive flexibility have been studied as explanatory factors for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. This study examined mental defeat and cognitive flexibility scores in patients with panic disorder (PD) before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and compared them to those of a gender- and age-matched healthy control group.

Results

Patients with PD (n = 15) received 16 weekly individual CBT sessions, and the control group (n = 35) received no treatment. Patients completed the Mental Defeat Scale and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale before the intervention, following eight CBT sessions, and following 16 CBT sessions, while the control group did so only prior to receiving CBT (baseline). The patients’ pre-CBT Mental Defeat and Cognitive Flexibility Scale scores were significantly higher on the Mental Defeat Scale and lower on the Cognitive Flexibility Scale than those of the control group participants were. In addition, the average Mental Defeat Scale scores of the patients decreased significantly, from 22.2 to 12.4, while their average Cognitive Flexibility Scale scores increased significantly, from 42.8 to 49.5. These results suggest that CBT can reduce mental defeat and increase cognitive flexibility in patients with PD

Trial registration The study was registered retrospectively in the national UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on June 10, 2016 (registration ID: UMIN000022693).
Pharmacological interventions for sex offenders: A poor evidence base to guide practice
Authors: Rix Keith
Published: January 2018

Although a significant proportion of prisoners and patients in secure hospitals are sex offenders and victim surveys reveal a high level of hidden sexual victimisation, the authors of this Cochrane review found only very limited support for pharmacological intervention with sex offenders. Given the nature and extent of the problem of sexual offending and the promise shown by new drugs, there is a need for clinical scientists, lawyers and ethicists to rise to the challenge of ascertaining the effectiveness and safety of drugs which are being used to treat sex offenders, some involuntarily, without the evidence base to justify confidence as to their effectiveness and safety.
Trinucleotide repeat disorders: An interesting interface between psychiatry and medicine
Authors: Barron Justin , Kiani Reza
Published: January 2018

The discovery of conditions resulting from the expansion of unstable trinucleotide repeats, with their neuropsychiatric presentations crossing the boundaries of different specialties, provides ample opportunity for research and liaison work between medical and psychiatric subspecialties. Clinicians’ awareness of the presentations and genetic basis of these conditions improves management strategies and the quality of life of patients and their carers.
Psychiatry in Switzerland
Authors: Georgescu Dan
Published: January 2018

Switzerland - officially the Swiss Confederation - is a federal republic situated in central Europe. It covers an area of 41 287 km2 and has a population of just over 7 600 000. Switzerland consists of 26 federated states, of which 20 are called cantons and 6 are called half-cantons. German, French and Italian are Switzerland's major and official languages.
Alcohol dependence syndrome in women: an Indian perspective
Authors: Chauhan Ashutosh , Bapat Radhika , Tharoor Hema , Sinha Mrigaya , Chauhan Sudhindra , Sharma Podilla Satya Venkata Narsimha
Published: January 2018

The estimated prevalence of alcohol misuse among Indian women is less than 5%. Misuse has been associated with the upper socio-economic classes, primitive tribal cultures and certain rural traditions. The problem of substance misuse in India has been underdiagnosed and underreported, but various health agencies and media reports suggest it is increasing.
Mental health legislation in Egypt
Authors: Loza Nasser , El Nawawi Mohamed
Published: January 2018

This paper first briefly reviews the history of psychiatric services in Egypt. It then details the legislation in place during the last years of the Mubarak regime and goes on to set out recent developments, in particular the Code of Practice introduced for the Mental Health Act of 2009.
The ‘revolving door’: a profile of acute admissions at a South African psychiatric hospital
Authors: Vally Zahir , Cader Nasera
Published: January 2018

This paper reports admission rates within the acute service at a major South African tertiary psychiatric facility, Lentegeur Psychiatric Hospital (LPH) in Cape Town.
Veteran and military mental health: the Australian experience
Authors: Forbes David , Metcalf Olivia
Published: January 2018

Australia has deployed over 25 000 personnel to recent conflicts in the Middle East and has been involved in peacekeeping missions. Australian veterans report elevated rates of mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, affective disorders and substance use disorders. Veteran healthcare is delivered through publicly funded services, as well as through private services, at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Some of the challenges involve coordination of services for veterans transitioning from Defence to Veterans' Affairs, service delivery across a large continent and stigma inhibiting service-seeking. Initiatives have been introduced in screening and delivery of evidence-based treatments. While challenges remain, Australia has come a long way towards an integrated and comprehensive approach to veteran mental healthcare.
Ageing and dementia in developing countries — the work of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group
Authors: Prince Martin , Acosta Daisy
Published: January 2018

Demographic ageing proceeds apace in all world regions (United Nations, 2003). The proportion of older people increases as mortality falls and life expectancy increases. Population growth slows as fertility declines to replacement levels. Latin America, China and India are experiencing unprecedentedly rapid demographic ageing (Figs 1 and 2).
Post-traumatic stress disorder among Afghan refugees following war
Authors: Mufti Khalid A. , Naeem Farooq , Chaudry Haroon Rasheed , Haroon Asad , Saifi Farida , Qureshi Siama Mahmood , Dagarwal Saif ur Rehman
Published: January 2018

There was a large influx of Afghan refugees into Pakistan during the 1980s and in particular after the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. That refugees have high rates of mental health problems has been well established (e.g. De Jong et al, 2000) — causes include migration, often with painful transit experiences, difficult camp life and the experience of major trauma, including multiple losses of family members as well as the loss of property and traditional lifestyle. However, the Afghan refugees in Pakistan have been poorly studied. Although the mental health problems of Afghan refugees have been studied in the West, the numbers of participants in such research have been relatively small.
Lebanon
Authors: Antun F. , Baddoura Charles , Khani Mounir
Published: January 2018

Lebanon is a western Asian country with an area of 10 452 km2 and a population of around 4 million (excluding the 10 million Lebanese immigrants worldwide). It has approximately 60 psychiatrists, mostly concentrated in the capital, Beirut, although a trend for decentralisation is currently observed. The number of psychiatrists is steadily increasing as postgraduate training centres have been established during the past decade. There are, however, few sub-specialists, owing to a lack of adequate training programmes.
A 12-year follow-up of a sample of patients dependent upon heroin
Authors: Niaz Saima , Arshad Nadia , Haroon Mariam , Cheema Fahd A. , Mufti Khalid A. , Chaudhry Haroon Rashid
Published: January 2018

Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing and remitting condition. Each year 2–5% of addicts discontinue drug use permanently and 1–2% die, mostly of overdose (Robins, 1993). A study of 129 opiate-addicted patients on a monthly maintenance regimen found that those with a family history of opium use had an earlier age at onset (Chaudhry et al, 1991). Long-term follow-up studies of people who misuse opiates have revealed that opioid dependence appears to run a chronic, relapsing and remitting course with a significant mortality (10–15%) over 10 years (Robson, 1992). Metrebian et al (1998) reported that long-term heroin abstinence was associated with less criminality, psychological distress and morbidity; Hser et al (2001) reported it was associated with higher employment rates.
Psychiatry for the person and its conceptual bases
Authors: Christodoulou George , Fulford Bill , Mezzich Juan E.
Published: January 2018

The 2005 General Assembly of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) established the Institutional Program on Psychiatry for the Person (IPPP) in response both to a recognition of our profession's historical aspirations and to recent international developments in clinical care and public health. These considerations point to the relevance of a comprehensive understanding of health and the centrality of the person in the delivery and the planning of healthcare. The IPPP's goals can be summarised as the promotion of a psychiatry of the person (of the totality of the person's health, both ill and positive), by the person (with clinicians extending themselves as full human beings), for the person (assisting the fulfilment of the person's life project) and with the person (in respectful collaboration with the person who consults). Operationally, the IPPP has four components: conceptual bases, clinical diagnosis, clinical care, and public health. What follows is an initial review of the IPPP's conceptual bases and an outline of its emerging activities.
The mental health consequences of being a child soldier — an international perspective
Authors: Singh Aoife R. , Singh Ashok N.
Published: January 2018

Worldwide there are currently 300 000 child soldiers. Not only does the use of child soldiers lead to individual suffering but it also alters the dynamics of war and makes conflict and instability more likely. It is important both to prevent recruitment and to rehabilitate former child soldiers into their communities. For rehabilitation and reintegration programmes to be effective, it is necessary to understand the consequences of child soldiering. This paper reviews and summarises some of the key findings related to the mental health consequences of being a child soldier.
Mental health in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mangezi Walter , Chibanda Dixon
Published: January 2018

Zimbabwe is a landlocked country which has recently emerged from some marked political and socio-economic challenges. Against this background, mental health has fallen down the priority list, as matters such as food shortages and the AIDS scourge have taken prece dence. Zimbabwe is in southern Africa; Zambia and Botswana lie to the north, Namibia to the west, South Africa to the south and Mozambique to the east. Its population is 11.4 million. The capital city is Harare, which has a population of 1.6 million.
The World Association for Psychosocial Rehabilitation
Authors: Barbato Angelo
Published: January 2018

The World Association for Psychosocial Rehabilitation (WAPR) could be considered as a newcomer among scientific societies in the mental health field, because it was established in 1986 in France, when about 100 professionals from 35 countries met at its founding congress. That congress was preceded by an extensive international planning process, which began with the First World Congress on Rehabilitation for the Mentally Ill in Helsinki, in 1970. Subsequent meetings of key professionals and agency representatives from various countries, mainly supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Office, resulted in the formation, in 1980, of a promoting group which planned, through its international secretariat, the foundation of the WAPR. Therefore, close links with the mental health programme of the WHO have been maintained by the WAPR since its beginnings.
Mental health services in Israel
Authors: Levav Itzhak , Grinshpoon Alexander
Published: January 2018

Israel is a multicultural society in a state of permanent change. The population, of about 6.5 million, comprises the following religious groupings: Jews (77.5%), Muslims (15.3%), Christians (2.1%), Druzes (1.7%) and others (3.4%). The organisation of and the approaches used by the country's health services have been determined by this sociocultural plurality, and also by a continuous influx of immigrants (among whom, 882 600 and 44 200 arrived from countries of the former USSR and Ethiopia, respectively, between 1990 and 2001), as well as by the precarious security situation (the country has seen several wars with its neighbours in addition to the long-standing conflict with the Palestinians). The patterns of care of the population reflect both Western psychiatry and traditional systems. Because of such complexity, the present brief overview is necessarily selective.
Mental health law in Germany
Authors: Zielasek Jürgen , Gaebel Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

There is no national mental health law in Germany: the 16 German states are responsible for legislation concerning forced admissions, while the German Civil Code covers non-acute care, in particular for those not able to care for themselves. In forensic psychiatry, both federal and state laws apply. This article describes this situation and provides figures about detentions and other aspects of mental health law in Germany.
Reconciliation in Northern Ireland: the value of inter-group contact
Authors: Hewstone Miles , Hughes Joanne
Published: January 2018

Northern Ireland is still riven by segregation, caught between peace and reconciliation. Extensive survey research shows that inter-group contact has a key role to play in achieving reconciliation, whether through generic contact, cross-group friends (most effective) or indirect. Segregation is most profound in education. The new Shared Education Programme (SEP), which provides children with the opportunity to study with and meet pupils from the other community, has demonstrated benefits. The Northern Ireland Assembly's support for SEP is based on sound psychological principles and robust research evidence.
Brain drain: a challenge to global mental health
Authors: Oladeji Bibilola D. , Gureje Oye
Published: January 2018

The brain drain of medical professionals from lower-income to higher-income countries contributes to the current inequity that characterises access to mental healthcare by those in need across the world and hinders efforts to scale up mental health services in resource-constrained settings, especially in Nigeria and other West African countries. The migration of skilled workers is driven by a combination of the globalisation of the labour market and the ability of highly resourced countries to attract and retain specialists from poorer countries. If we are to ameliorate the worldwide shortage of mental health professionals, we need to find innovative ways of attracting young doctors into psychiatric training in all countries. We must also introduce measures to improve health worker retention in low- and middle-income countries.
Reduced Expression of Mismatch Repair Genes MSH6/MSH2 Directly Promotes Pituitary Tumor Growth via the ATR–Chk1 Pathway
Authors: Uraki Shinsuke , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Doi Asako , Kawai Shintaro , Takeshima Ken , Morita Shuhei , Fukai Junya , Fujita Koji , Furuta Hiroto , Nishi Masahiro , Sugano Kokichi , Inoshita Naoko , Nakao Naoyuki , Yamada Shozo , Akamizu Takashi
Published: January 2018

Context

The mechanisms of pituitary adenoma (PA) pathogenesis and proliferation remain largely unknown.

Objectives

To clarify the role of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in the molecular mechanism of PA proliferation.

Design

We performed quantitative analyses by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to detect MMR gene and protein expression in human PAs (n = 47). We also performed correlation analyses of expression levels and tumor volume doubling time (TVDT; n = 31). Specifically, correlation analyses were performed between genes with significant correlation and ataxiatelangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) expression in cell-cycle regulatory mechanism ATR–checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway (n = 93). We investigated the effect of reduced gene expression on cell proliferation and ATR gene expression in AtT-20ins cells and primary cultures of human PAs.

Results

Expression of mutS homologs 6 and 2 (MSH6 and MSH2) was positively associated with TVDT (R = 0.52, P = 0.003, and R = 0.44, P = 0.01), as were the corresponding protein levels. Gene expression was positively associated with ATR expression (R = 0.47, P < 0.00001, and R = 0.49, P < 0.00001). In AtT-20ins, the reduction of MSH6 and/or MSH2 expression by small interfering RNA significantly promoted cell proliferation by decreasing ATR expression. This effect was also observed in primary culture.

Conclusion

Reduction of MSH6 and MSH2 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels could be involved in direct PA proliferation by promoting cell-cycle progression or decreasing the rate of apoptosis through interference with the function of the ATR–Chk1 pathway.
Light-focusing human micro-lenses generated from pluripotent stem cells model lens development and drug-induced cataract in vitro
Authors: Murphy Patricia , Kabir Md Humayun , Srivastava Tarini , Mason Michele E. , Dewi Chitra U. , Lim Seakcheng , Yang Andrian , Djordjevic Djordje , Killingsworth Murray C. , Ho Joshua W. K. , Harman David G. , O'Connor Michael D.
Published: January 2018

Cataracts cause vision loss and blindness by impairing the ability of the ocular lens to focus light onto the retina. Various cataract risk factors have been identified, including drug treatments, age, smoking and diabetes. However, the molecular events responsible for these different forms of cataract are ill-defined, and the advent of modern cataract surgery in the 1960s virtually eliminated access to human lenses for research. Here, we demonstrate large-scale production of light-focusing human micro-lenses from spheroidal masses of human lens epithelial cells purified from differentiating pluripotent stem cells. The purified lens cells and micro-lenses display similar morphology, cellular arrangement, mRNA expression and protein expression to human lens cells and lenses. Exposing the micro-lenses to the emergent cystic fibrosis drug Vx-770 reduces micro-lens transparency and focusing ability. These human micro-lenses provide a powerful and large-scale platform for defining molecular disease mechanisms caused by cataract risk factors, for anti-cataract drug screening and for clinically relevant toxicity assays.
Πότε τα χαρισματικά παιδιά παρουσιάζουν χαμηλή επίδοση;
Authors: Γάκη Ανδρονίκη , Αντωνίου Αλέξανδρος - Σταμάτιο�
Published: January 2018

Στόχος της παρούσας εισήγησης είναι να εκθέσει το φαινόμενο της χαμηλής επίδοσης που παρατηρείται συχνά στην εκπαίδευση των χαρισματικών παιδιών. Συγκεκριμένα, χαρισματικότητα θεωρείται η ικανότητα του παιδιού να επιτύχει μια ιδιαίτερα υψηλή απόδοση σε έναν ή περισσότερους τομείς και συνήθως εκλαμβάνεται ως μια ασύγχρονη εξέλιξη, ανάμεσα στη γνωστική, τη συναισθηματική και τη βιολογική του ανάπτυξη. Ως υποεπίδοση νοείται η χαμηλή επίδοση ενός μαθητή, η οποία έρχεται σε αντίθεση με το νοητικό δυναμικό του και τις δυνατότητες που αυτό προμηνύει. Ουσιαστικά, πρόκειται για αναντιστοιχία δυνατοτήτων και επίδοσης και θυμίζει την εικόνα του μαθητή που ενώ έχει τις δυνατότητες, ωστόσο τα αποτελέσματα της προσπάθειάς του δεν είναι τα αναμενόμενα. Τα αίτια αποδίδονται στον διαφορετικό τρόπο μάθησης που υιοθετούν τα χαρισματικά παιδιά, στην επιθυμία τους να γίνονται αρεστοί από τους συμμαθητές τους, ενώ δεν παύει να διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο και το οικογενειακό περιβάλλον. Για το λόγο αυτό, κρίνεται σημαντικός ο ρόλος του εκπαιδευτικού, ο οποίος οφείλει να συνειδητοποιεί τη σημασία της έγκαιρης παρέμβασης και να οικειοποιείται τις κατάλληλες εκπαιδευτικές μεθόδους για την ένταξη του παιδιού στην ομάδα. Τέλος, η παροχή συμβουλευτικής υποστήριξης θεωρείται ότι μπορεί να λειτουργήσει επικουρικά και συμπληρωματικά, καθώς ενισχύει και ενθαρρύνει τόσο το ίδιο το χαρισματικό παιδί όσο και τον εκπαιδευτικό που συμμετέχει στην όλη προσπάθεια.
Τρόποι αντίληψης και στρατηγικές διαχείρισης του χρόνου από μαθητές με ΔΕΠ-Υ
Authors: Δαλιανά Νίκη , Αντωνίου Αλέξανδρος - Σταμάτιο�
Published: January 2018

Η Διαταραχή Ελλειμματικής Προσοχής-Υπερκινητικότητα (ΔΕΠ/Υ) είναι μία βιολογικά προερχόμενη αναπτυξιακή διαταραχή, με συμπτώματα κυρίως την έλλειψη προσοχής, την παρορμητικότητα και την υπερκινητικότητα. Η ΔΕΠ/Υ σχετίζεται με ανωμαλίες στις μετωπιαίες περιοχές του εγκεφάλου, τμήματα τα οποία ελέγχουν μεταξύ άλλων την εκτίμηση του χρόνου. Η παρούσα εισήγηση στοχεύει στην κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο οι μαθητές με ΔΕΠ/Υ αντιλαμβάνονται την έννοια του χρόνου, καθώς και στην αναφορά τρόπων διαχείρισής του. Σύμφωνα με  διεθνείς έρευνες, η αίσθηση του χρόνου και η διαχείρισή του αποδεικνύεται πολλές φορές υπερβολικά δύσκολη για τους μαθητές με ΔΕΠ/Υ, όπως επίσης και η ιεράρχηση των υποχρεώσεών τους. Χρήσιμες τεχνικές για την αποτελεσματικότερη διαχείριση του χρόνου και τη μείωση της παρορμητικότητας είναι η εκμάθηση δημιουργίας λίστας καθηκόντων και τρόπου ιεράρχησής τους, οι στρατηγικές επίλυσης προβλημάτων καθώς και η χρήση ρολογιών και χρονομέτρων από το παιδί. Οι μαθητές με ΔΕΠ/Υ συχνά παρουσιάζουν σοβαρές δυσκολίες στο να κατανοήσουν την έννοια του χρόνου, «βγαίνουν» εκτός προγράμματος στις δραστηριότητές τους και δυσκολεύονται στη διαχείριση του χρόνου τους. Κατάλληλες παρεμβάσεις από γονείς και εκπαιδευτικούς, καθώς και εκμάθηση τεχνικών διαχείρισης, όπως αυτών που προτείνονται από τη γνωσιακή-συμπεριφοριστική προσέγγιση, μπορούν ειδικά αν συνδυαστούν και με την ενδεδειγμένη φαρμακευτική αγωγή να αποδώσουν ενθαρρυντικά αποτελέσματα.
Psimmenos, Iordanis (ed.) (2017). Special Section: Unveiling Domestic Work in Times of Crisis. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Volume 35, Number 1, May 2017, pp. 1-128. Johns Hopkins University Press
Authors: Γαλατά Παρασκευή - Βίβιαν , Πούλου Ελένη
Published: January 2018

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Ψηφιακά εκπαιδευτικά παιχνίδια, μαθηματικά και μαθητές του δημοτικού. Αποτελέσματα από πιλοτικό πρόγραμμα
Authors: Φωκίδης Εμμανουήλ , Παχίδης Γεώργιος
Published: January 2018

Η εργασία παρουσιάζει τα αποτελέσματα πιλοτικού προγράμματος για τη διδασκαλία ενοτήτων του μαθήματος των Μαθηματικών σε μαθητές της Δ΄ τάξης του δημοτικού με τη χρήση ηλεκτρονικών εκπαιδευτικών παιχνιδιών. Τα παιχνίδια κατασκευάστηκαν από τον εκπαιδευτικό της τάξης χρησιμοποιώντας το πρόγραμμα κατασκευής τρισδιάστατων παιχνιδιών Kodu Game Lab της Microsoft. Για να είναι δυνατή η σύγκριση των μαθησιακών αποτελεσμάτων, συγκροτήθηκαν δύο επιπλέον ερευνητικές ομάδες. Στην πρώτη οι μαθητές εργάστηκαν ομαδικά, ενώ στη δεύτερη η διδασκαλία έγινε καθαρά συμβατικά. Ερευνητικά δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν με ερωτηματολόγια και φύλλα αξιολόγησης. Από την ανάλυσή τους προκύπτει ότι η ομάδα των μαθητών που χρησιμοποίησε τα παιχνίδια ξεπέρασε, στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις, την ομάδα που διδάχθηκε συμβατικά, αλλά όχι την ομάδα όπου οι μαθητές εργάστηκαν ομαδικά. Οι απόψεις των μαθητών για τα παιχνίδια ήταν ιδιαίτερα θετικές. Τα αποτελέσματα οδηγούν στην ανάγκη περαιτέρω διερεύνησης του θέματος, εξετάζοντας παράλληλα, τη δυνατότητα ένταξης των εκπαιδευτικών παιχνιδιών για τη διδασκαλία των μαθηματικών στο δημοτικό σχολείο.
Editorial
Authors: Λιοναράκης Αντώνης
Published: January 2018

Η έκδοση του τεύχους αυτού συμπίπτει με την ολοκλήρωση του 9ου ΔιεθνούςΣυνεδρίου της Ανοικτής και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευσης και τη δημοσιοποίηση των πρακτικών του. Τα δημοσιευμένα άρθρα των πρακτικών μαζί με τα άρθρα του περιοδικού εμφανίζουν σημάδια έντονων προβληματισμών στον επιστημονικό και ερευνητικό ορίζοντα του πεδίου και των συναφών γνωστικών αντικειμένων.Ταυτόχρονα, υποδηλώνουν και μια μεγάλη ανησυχία και προβληματισμό για την καθολική ανάπτυξη του πεδίου των εναλλακτικών μορφών εκπαίδευσης στη χώρα μας και ιδιαίτερα της συνύπαρξης της τεχνολογίας με την παιδαγωγική επιστήμη.
Σύνδρομο επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης και επαγγελματικό άγχος των εκπαιδευτικών δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης: η περίπτωση της περιφέρειας δυτικής Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Σπυρομήτρος Αθανάσιος , Ιορδανίδης Γεώργιος
Published: January 2018

Το επάγγελμα του εκπαιδευτικού δεν συνίσταται μόνο στην παιδαγωγική και ακαδημαϊκή διαδικασία που συντελείται μέσα στις αίθουσες διδασκαλίας. Η αλληλεπίδραση πολλών παραγόντων (γραφειοκρατικά-διαδικαστικά ζητήματα, εκπαιδευτικές αλλαγές, σχέσεις επικοινωνίας) συνθέτουν ένα εργασιακό περιβάλλον που δημιουργεί επαγγελματικό άγχος. Η παρατεταμένη έκθεση στο περιβάλλον αυτό οδηγεί στην εμφάνιση του συνδρόμου επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης των εκπαιδευτικών. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να διερευνηθούν οι πηγές και τα επίπεδα του επαγγελματικού άγχους και της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης των εκπαιδευτικών. Επιπλέον, διερευνήθηκαν πιθανές συσχετίσεις μεταξύ βασικών πηγών του επαγγελματικού τους άγχους με διαστάσεις της επαγγελματικής τους εξουθένωσης. Το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 211 εκπαιδευτικοί δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης δημόσιων σχολείων της περιφέρειας  Δυτικής Θεσσαλονίκης. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί παρουσίασαν μέτρια επίπεδα επαγγελματικού άγχους. Ταυτόχρονα, παρουσίασαν χαμηλά επίπεδα σε όλες τις διαστάσεις του συνδρόμου επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης. Επιπλέον, οι γυναίκες παρουσίασαν υψηλότερα επίπεδα άγχους από τους άνδρες σε όλους τους στρεσογόνους παράγοντες που το προκαλούν, ενώ η επαγγελματική εξουθένωση των εκπαιδευτικών, κυρίως η διάσταση της συναισθηματικής εξάντλησης, είχε θετική στατιστική συσχέτιση με όλους τους παραπάνω παράγοντες. Τέλος, έγινε φανερό ότι υπάρχει εμφανή συσχέτιση μεταξύ ατομικών παραγόντων και κοινωνικo-οργανωτικών παραγόντων της εργασίας στην παρουσία της εξουθένωσης, γεγονός που επιβεβαιώνει το βασικό επεξηγηματικό της μοντέλο.
Aristotle’s scientific contributions to the classification, nomenclature and distribution of marine organisms
Authors: VOULTSIADOU ELENI , GEROVASILEIOU VASILIS , VANDEPITTE LEEN , GANIAS KOSTAS , ARVANITIDIS CHRISTOS
Published: January 2018

The biological works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle include a significant amount of information on marine animals. In the present study, an overview of his scientific contribution to the knowledge of marine biodiversity and specifically to taxonomic classification, nomenclature and distribution of marine species is attempted. Our results showed that Aristotle’s approach looks remarkably familiar to present day marine biologists since: (i) although not directly aiming at it, he gave a taxonomic classification of marine animals, which includes physical groups ranked on three levels at least; (ii) most of Aristotle’s marine “major groups” correspond to taxa of the order rank in Linnaeus’s classification and to taxa of the class rank in the current classification; (iii) a positive correlation was found between the number of taxa per group identified in Aristotle’s writings and those described by Linnaeus; (iv) his classification system exhibits similarities with the current one regarding the way taxa are distributed to higher categories. (v) a considerable number of Aristotle’s marine animal names have been used for the creation of the scientific names currently in use; (vi) he gave the first account of the Mediterranean marine fauna, focusing on the Aegean Sea and adjacent areas. Taking into account all the above, we suggest that the foundations of marine taxonomy as laid down by Aristotle are still echoing today.
Longitudinal comparison of the humoral immune response and viral load of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in pigs with different vaccination schemes under field conditions
Authors: Vargas-Bermudez Diana S. , Díaz Andrés , Mogollón José Darío , Jaime Jairo
Published: January 2018

Background: Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections are distributed worldwide and cause Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD). To minimize the impact of PCV2 infection on swine health and production, different vaccination schemes have been used since 2006. However, the association between vaccination schemes, virus load and disease under field conditions are not completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different PCV2 vaccination schemes on the humoral response and PCV2 load in pigs after weaning under field conditions.

Methods: Two commercial pig farms (Farm A and B), endemically infected with PCV2, which were using two different PCV2 subunit vaccinations schemes for sow, gilts and piglets, were selected. We designed a longitudinal study and measured IgG levels by ELISA and virus load by quantitative PCR in pigs after weaning. Forty 3-week old piglets were randomly selected at weaning and followed for 20 weeks. IgG levels and virus loads were compared within and between farms and considered statistically different if the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test p value was lower than 0.05.

Results: We found that low virus loads were maintained in pigs from both farms regardless of the vaccination scheme used (p>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the mean IgG levels observed over time (p<0.05), suggesting that different humoral immune response are not necessarily associated with different virus loads observed over time.

Conclusions: These results are important because they can help to prevent PCV2 infections using different vaccination schemes to minimize the effect of PCVAD on swine health and production.
Information Security of Oil and Gas Sector: Analysis of Applied Software of LUKOIL
Authors: Козырь Н. , Kozyr' N. , Коваленко В. , Kovalenko V.
Published: January 2018

The article explores and describes the main automated systems and application packages used in various regional directorates and the head office of the company «LUKOIL». The key requirements set by the company for the implemented programs are singled out. The evolution of the company’s SPP is described, as well as the specific features of the programs used in the individual life cycles of the production process. The role of such a subdivision of the company, as «Lukoil-Inform», the main software developer, is investigated. The prospects for the development of a unified system of decision support that allows to conduct administrative work in the directorates from the corporate center are determined. Conclusions on the drawbacks of the usedsoftware are made.
Selling Your Product Through Competitors’ Outlets: Channel Strategy When Consumers Comparison Shop
Authors: Moorthy Sridhar , Chen Yongmin , Tehrani Shervin Shahrokhi
Published: January 2018

This paper develops a new rationale for decentralization in distribution channels: providing a one-stop comparison shopping experience for consumers. In our duopoly model, when consumers are knowledgeable about their brand preferences, each manufacturer would distribute through its own vertically integrated retail outlets only. When some consumers are unsure about their brand preferences, however, it may be optimal for one of the manufacturers to also distribute through its competitor’s outlets. The resulting equilibrium has several interesting properties. First, only one of the manufacturers chooses to add competitor-outlet distribution, not both—even when the manufacturers are symmetric. Second, the manufacturer distributing through its competitor’s outlets also distributes through its own outlets, i.e., its distribution strategy is a hybrid strategy, combining vertical integration and decentralization. Third, when the manufacturers’ brands are asymmetric, it is the weaker brand that has a stronger incentive to pursue hybrid distribution. Fourth, the competitor’s outlets in question welcome the new brand, even when no consumer would actually buy the new brand—a case of pure showrooming. These results highlight the linkages between distribution strategy, shopping efficiency, and retail formats. Shopping costs and consumers’ uncertainty about their own brand preferences create a demand for multibrand retailing, and in pursuing this demand, manufacturers may eschew the efficiency advantages of vertical integration in favor of hybrid distribution. However, the fact that only one of the manufacturers chooses to do so suggests that this strategy also has weaknesses, which we discuss in the paper.
The impact of a ward round manager: A time and motion study
Authors: Smith Rebecca
Published: January 2018

Aim:

This study seeks to evaluate the impact of a ward round manager via a cost consequences analysis.

Background:

One approach to combating junior doctor staff shortages is to delegate duties to non-physicians. However, the evidence supporting their cost-efficiency is limited.

Design:

A time and motion study was conducted comparing junior doctors with and without the support of a ward round manager. Their actions were timed, recorded and categorised for ease of interpretation. The ward round manager's impact was discerned by the differences in time and task allocation between the groups.

Results:

The ward round manager reduced the length of ward round by 136 minutes and prevented 70 minutes of overtime. Those doctors with ward round manager support also benefited from 38 minutes of extra breaks and 16 minutes of additional teaching per day. Other benefits include taking a shorter route around the ward, as well as more time for communication and afternoon clinical reviews.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that the ward round manager is a high cost-saving intervention, and has multiple positive effects on patient care and staff satisfaction.
Innovation in specialised anaesthetic nursing practice
Authors: Hoy Leontia , Martin Daphne , John Nimmy , Melarkey Noelle
Published: January 2018

The Six Sigma business model ( Welch, 1986 ) is utilised creatively in this article. It was chosen by lecturers to steer graduate nurses to think in a business mind-set framework. The objective being students would create a business case for innovation in a specialist area of anaesthesia. Lecturers supported students to identify aspects of practice and recommend their business projects. Proposals were both creative and original; two were put forward for development in the student's healthcare trusts. Firstly, a pilot business plan for anaesthetic outreach in an acute rural hospital. Where the anaesthetic nurse specialist (ANS) is required to provide skilled assistance in the provision of out of theatre intubations where risk and mortality rates are high for patients for example accident and emergency. Improving patient outcomes and optimum survival with the best care possible when they are at their most vulnerable. Secondly, a project proposing purchase of specially designed Oxford HELP pillows to assist in the anaesthetising of obese patients for safe airway. Implementation of Oxford HELP pillows has proven to be financially beneficial and efficient in anaesthesia; it clearly improves patient satisfaction and betters clinical outcomes. It can be seen that lecturers and anaesthetic nurse specialists are innovators, leaders, and advocates as this clinical role continues to evolve in Northern Ireland.
Beyond Brexit: Cross-border collaborations in pre-registration midwifery education
Authors: Power Alison
Published: January 2018

In June 2016, the UK voted to leave the European Union (EU), which will have wide ranging social, legal and constitutional implications. Although the International Confederation of Midwives has established international standards for midwifery education, education and practice are regulated through an EU directive that includes the recognition of professional qualifications that is necessary for midwives to practise anywhere within the EU. While there is uncertainty around the future political landscape post-Brexit, it is important that pre-existing professional links are protected and strengthened, providing a platform for international collaboration for professional discourse, dissemination of research findings and sharing of best practice. At the University of Northampton, this is happening through partnership with The Florence Network, which connects nurses and midwives.
Prenatal surgery
Authors: Winter George F
Published: January 2018

A professional belief in basing practice on the best possible evidence can be complicated by moral or ethical views. George Winter explores one instance where opposing belief systems may collide
The same, only different
Authors: Silverton Louise
Published: January 2018

On a recent trip to Sweden, Louise Silverton CBE was struck by the similarities between midwives in the UK and their Swedish counterparts. What can midwives in both countries learn from each other?
Do we need to use models in occupational therapy practice?
Authors: Atkinson Kim
Published: January 2018

The main purpose of this article is to demystify the models of practice. In doing this it is not my intention to describe what each of the models has to say, but rather to consider what models are, why they are important, what the common themes are within the models, and some of the limitations of the models.