bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thalamic lesions in multiple sclerosis by 7T MRI: Clinical implications and relationship to cortical pathology
Authors: Harrison Daniel M , Oh Jiwon , Roy Snehashis , Wood Emily T , Whetstone Anna , Seigo Michaela A , Jones Craig K , Pham Dzung , van Zijl Peter , Reich Daniel S , Calabresi Peter A
Published: January 2015

Objective:

Pathology in both cortex and deep gray matter contribute to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). We used the increased signal-to-noise ratio of 7-tesla (7T) MRI to visualize small lesions within the thalamus and to relate this to clinical information and cortical lesions.

Methods:

We obtained 7T MRI scans on 34 MS cases and 15 healthy volunteers. Thalamic lesion number and volume were related to demographic data, clinical disability measures, and lesions in cortical gray matter.

Results:

Thalamic lesions were found in 24/34 of MS cases. Two lesion subtypes were noted: discrete, ovoid lesions, and more diffuse lesional areas lining the periventricular surface. The number of thalamic lesions was greater in progressive MS compared to relapsing–remitting (mean ±SD, 10.7 ±0.7 vs. 3.0 ±0.7, respectively, p < 0.001). Thalamic lesion burden (count and volume) correlated with EDSS score and measures of cortical lesion burden, but not with white matter lesion burden or white matter volume.

Conclusions:

Using 7T MRI allows identification of thalamic lesions in MS, which are associated with disability, progressive disease, and cortical lesions. Thalamic lesion analysis may be a simpler, more rapid estimate of overall gray matter lesion burden in MS.
The incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann , Reingold Stephen , Cohen Jeffrey , Stuve Olaf , Trojano Maria , Sorensen Per Soelberg , Cutter Gary , Reider Nadia
Published: January 2015

Background:

Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with lower quality of life, more fatigue, and reduced adherence to disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives:

The objectives of this review are to estimate the incidence and prevalence of selected comorbid psychiatric disorders in MS and evaluate the quality of included studies.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed, PsychInfo, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge databases and reference lists of retrieved articles. Abstracts were screened for relevance by two independent reviewers, followed by full-text review. Data were abstracted by one reviewer, and verified by a second reviewer. Study quality was evaluated using a standardized tool. For population-based studies we assessed heterogeneity quantitatively using the I2 statistic, and conducted meta-analyses.

Results:

We included 118 studies in this review. Among population-based studies, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.9% (95% CI: 8.76%–35.0%), while it was 14.8% for alcohol abuse, 5.83% for bipolar disorder, 23.7% (95% CI: 17.4%–30.0%) for depression, 2.5% for substance abuse, and 4.3% (95% CI: 0%–10.3%) for psychosis.

Conclusion:

This review confirms that psychiatric comorbidity, particularly depression and anxiety, is common in MS. However, the incidence of psychiatric comorbidity remains understudied. Future comparisons across studies would be enhanced by developing a consistent approach to measuring psychiatric comorbidity, and reporting of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific estimates.
Fingolimod does not impair T-cell release from the thymus and beneficially affects Treg function in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Haas Jürgen , Schwarz Alexander , Korporal-Kunke Mirjam , Jarius Sven , Wiendl Heinz , Kieseier Bernd C , Wildemann Brigitte
Published: January 2015

Background:

In multiple sclerosis (MS), disturbed T-cell homeostasis affects both conventional CD4+ T cells (Tcon) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Functionally, this is linked to a loss of Treg-suppressive properties. Concerns exist as to whether fingolimod might further aggravate Treg dysfunction by inhibiting thymic egress and, thus, promoting premature immunosenescence.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to investigate whether fingolimod, by sequestration of developing cells in the thymus, might deteriorate numeric and/or functional disequilibrium of T-cell subtypes.

Methods:

We assessed numbers and phenotypes of blood Tcon and Treg in 74 MS patients treated with fingolimod and in 37 healthy donors. Treg and Tcon were also analyzed for immunoreactivity, suppressive function, sphingosine-1-phosphate-triggered (S1P) trafficking, and S1P-receptor expression. This was complemented by assessing surrogate markers of thymic T-cell development, including frequencies of cells expressing T-cell receptors (TCR) of dual specificity, and TCR diversity in Treg.

Results:

Fingolimod did not negatively affect naive T-cell phenotypes or markers of thymic T-cell development. By reducing CCR7-expressing Tcon, fingolimod increased relative proportions of Treg. As a result of this shift, fewer proliferative CCR7− Tcon became enriched and Treg-dysfunction was indirectly reversed.

Conclusion:

These observations argue against harmful interference of fingolimod with thymic T-cell output that, particularly in pediatric MS, might possibly counteract its beneficial effects.
Analysis of genes, pathways and networks involved in disease severity and age at onset in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Giacalone G , Clarelli F , Osiceanu AM , Guaschino C , Brambilla P , Sorosina M , Liberatore G , Zauli A , Esposito F , Rodegher M , Ghezzi A , Galimberti D , Patti F , Barizzone N , Guerini F , Martinelli V , Leone M , Comi G , D’Alfonso S , Martinelli Boneschi F
Published: January 2015

Background:

The role of genetic factors in influencing the clinical expression of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to identify genes, pathways and networks implicated in age at onset (AAO) and severity, measured using the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), of primary-progressive MS (PPMS).

Methods:

We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 470 PPMS patients of Italian origin:. Allelic association of 296,589 SNPs with AAO and MSSS was calculated. Pathway and network analyses were also conducted using different tools.

Results:

No single association signal exceeded genome-wide significance in AAO and MSSS analyses. Nominally associated genes to AAO and MSSS were enriched in both traits for 10 pathways, including: “oxidative phosphorylation” (FDRAAO=9*10−4; FDRMSSS=3.0*10−2), “citrate (TCA) cycle” (FDRAAO=1.6*10−2; FDRMSSS=3.2*10−3), and “B cell receptor signaling” (FDRAAO=3.1*10−2; FDRMSSS=2.2*10−3). In addition, an enrichment of “chemokine signaling pathway” (FDR=9*10−4) for AAO and of “leukocyte transendothelial migration” (FDR=2.4*10−3) for MSSS trait was observed, among others. Network analysis revealed that p53 and CREB1 were central hubs for AAO and MSSS traits, respectively.

Conclusions:

Despite the fact that no major effect signals emerged in the present GWAS, our data suggest that genetic variants acting in the context of oxidative stress and immune dysfunction could modulate the onset and severity of PPMS.
Political Extremism Predicts Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: van Prooijen Jan-Willem , Krouwel André P. M. , Pollet Thomas V.
Published: January 2015

Historical records suggest that the political extremes—at both the “left” and the “right”—substantially endorsed conspiracy beliefs about other-minded groups. The present contribution empirically tests whether extreme political ideologies, at either side of the political spectrum, are positively associated with an increased tendency to believe in conspiracy theories. Four studies conducted in the United States and the Netherlands revealed a quadratic relationship between strength of political ideology and conspiracy beliefs about various political issues. Moreover, participants’ belief in simple political solutions to societal problems mediated conspiracy beliefs among both left- and right-wing extremists. Finally, the effects described here were not attributable to general attitude extremity. Our conclusion is that political extremism and conspiracy beliefs are strongly associated due to a highly structured thinking style that is aimed at making sense of societal events.
Verbivormid B1- ja B2-taseme kirjalikus õppijakeeles
Authors: Kitsnik Mare
Published: January 2015

Eesti keele kui teise keele õppe ja hindamise aluseks oleva „Euroopa keeleõppe raamdokumendi” keeleoskustasemete funktsionaalsed kirjeldused vajavad täiendamist lingvistiliste kirjeldustega. Artiklis esitan eesti keele kui teise keele B1- ja B2-taseme verbivormide uurimise tulemused lähtuvalt CAF-triaadi dimensioonidest: keerukus ja täpsus. Tulemused olen saanud eesti vahekeele korpuses asuvate riiklike tasemeeksamite kirjutamisülesande soorituste uurimisel korpuse juhitud lähenemise ja DEMfad-mudeli abil. Olen selgitanud välja nii B1- kui ka B2-taseme sagedasemad verbi vormid. Lähemalt olen vaadelnud verbi tahtma konstruktsioonide jaotuvust, sagedust ja täpsust B1- ja B2-taseme tekstides. Mõlemal tasemel esinevad sagedasemad verbivormid peamiselt isikulise tegumoe kindla kõneviisi olevikus ja lihtminevikus, tingiva kõneviisi olevikus ning infinitiividena. B1-tasemel esineb oluliselt rohkem kindla kõneviisi lihtminevikuvorme ning B2-tasemel kindla kõneviisi olevikuvorme, tingiva kõneviisi vorme ning infinitiivivorme. Nii B1- kui ka B2-tasemel esineb tahtma isikulise tegumoe kindlas ja tingivas kõneviisis ning mõlemal tasemel eelistatakse konstruktsioone tahan + infinitiivivorm ja tahaksin + infinitiivivorm. B2-tasemel suureneb verbi tahtma tingiva kõneviisi vormide sagedus ning kasvab konstruktsioonide täpsus.Abstract. Mare Kitsnik: Written learner language verb forms at B1 and B2 levels. CEFR (The Common European Framework) is the basis of teaching and assessment of second language (L2) in Europe. In the CEFR functional specifications of the L2 proficiency levels are given, which are universal for all languages. These specifications need to be completed with language specific linguistic descriptions. In this article the investigation of the linguistic content of the B1 and B2 levels of Estonian as a second language is described according to the CAF triad dimensions: complexity, accuracy and fluency. The presence of verb forms in the national examination texts (stored in the Estonian Interlanguage Corpus) on the both levels has been studied by using corpusdriven approach and the DEMfad model. Common verb forms on the B1 and B2 level have been identified. The verb tahtma ‘to want’, ‘to wish’ has been investigated more precisely; the distribution, frequency and accuracy of its constructions on the B1 and B2 level have been investigated. The main similarities and main differences between the levels are analyzed comparatively.Keywords: second language acquisition, Estonian as a second language, CAFtriad, linguistic description of the B1 and B2 levels, written learner language, verb forms
Multimodaalne suhtlus ja kognitsiooniuuringud pedagoogikas
Authors: Tenjes Silvi
Published: January 2015

Artiklis kirjeldatakse multimodaalset suhtlust kui nähtust, uurimisvaldkonda ja analüütilist lähenemist seoses pedagoogika uurimisteemadega ja inimese sensomotoorsete/kognitiivsete võimetega. Näidatakse, kuidas kognitsiooniuuringud on olemuslikult seotud kaasaegsete multimodaalsete käsitlustega. Näited multimodaalse suhtluse kasulikkusest keeleõppes on esitatud eesti keele foneetika õpetamisest bakalaureuseastmes viimase kahe aasta jooksul mitte-eesti emakeelega õppijatele. Artikkel on suunatud õppejõududele, julgustamaks kasutama erinevaid tehnoloogiaid auditooriumis ehk kontaktõppe situatsioonis humanitaarvaldkonnas.Abstract. Silvi Tenjes: Multimodal communication and studies of cognition in pedagogy. The article describes multimodal communication as a phenomenon, branch of study and analytical approach in connection with the research subjects of pedagogy and human sensomotor/cognitive abilities. The paper reveals the basic connection between cognitive studies and modern multimodal approaches. Examples are presented on the basis of a study of multimodal communication which investigates teaching Estonian phonetics to non-native speakers over the last two years at Bachelor’s level. The article is aimed at teachers to encourage them to use various techniques in the auditorium or contact study situation in the area of humanities.Keywords: pedagogical discourse, multimodal communication, cognition, language learning, Estonian language
When Harry Bet with Sally: An Empirical Analysis of Multiple Peer Effects in Casino Gambling Behavior
Authors: Park Hee Mok , Manchanda Puneet
Published: January 2015

In many consumption settings (e.g., restaurants), individuals consume products either alone or with their peers (e.g., friends). In this study, we propose a general framework for modeling peer effects by including two new peer effects: the exogenous peer effect (exogenous factors that could change the peer’s behavior) and the peer presence effect (when the peer is present but not consuming). We also include the well known endogenous peer effect. We develop an empirical model that allows us to identify all three effects simultaneously and apply the model to behavioral data from a casino setting. It is a simultaneous equation model with the structural parameters expressed as a function of the ratio of the reduced form parameters. This necessitates the use of the Minimum Expected Loss approach, allowing us to obtain consistent estimates at the individual level. Our data comprise detailed gambling activity for a panel of individuals at a single casino over a two-year period. Our results show that all three types of peer effects exist. These effects vary across individuals and exhibit considerable asymmetry within pairs of peers. We discuss how our results can help managers allocate resources more effectively and policy makers formulate regulatory guidelines with more complete information.
Family Hardships and Serum Cotinine in Children With Asthma
Authors: Spanier Adam J. , Beck Andrew F. , Huang Bin , McGrady Meghan E. , Drotar Dennis D. , Peake Roy W. A. , Kellogg Mark D. , Kahn Robert S.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

A better understanding of how poverty-related hardships affect child health could highlight remediable intervention targets. Tobacco smoke exposure may be 1 such consequence of family hardship. Our objective was to explore the relationship between family hardships and tobacco exposure, as measured by serum cotinine, a tobacco metabolite, among children hospitalized for asthma.

METHODS:

We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 774 children, aged 1 to 16 years, admitted for asthma or bronchodilator-responsive wheezing. The primary outcome was detectable serum cotinine. We assessed family hardships, including 11 financial and social variables, through a survey of the child’s caregiver. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between family hardship and detectable cotinine.

RESULTS:

We had complete study data for 675 children; 57% were African American, and 74% were enrolled in Medicaid. In total, 56% of children had detectable cotinine. More than 80% of families reported ≥1 hardship, and 41% reported ≥4 hardships. Greater numbers of hardships were associated with greater odds of having detectable cotinine. Compared with children in families with no hardships, those in families with ≥4 hardships had 3.7-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.0–7.0) greater odds of having detectable serum cotinine in adjusted analyses. Lower parental income and educational attainment were also independently associated with detectable serum cotinine.

CONCLUSIONS:

Family hardships are prevalent and associated with detectable serum cotinine level among children with asthma. Family hardships and tobacco smoke exposure may be possible targets for interventions to reduce health disparities.
Strain induced super-paramagnetism in Cr2O3 in the ultra thin film limit
Authors: Tanabe Iori , Kazi Haseeb , Cao Yuan , Rodenburg Jack L , Komesu Takashi , Dong Bin , Pasquale Frank L , Sky Driver M. , Kelber Jeffry A , Dowben Peter A
Published: January 2015

Ultra thin films of chromia (Cr2O3), less than 3 nm thick, grown epitaxial on α-Al2O3 (sapphire), and are thus compressively strained in-plane. The resulting films show evidence of some magnetic ordering above the Néel temperature of chromia (307 K). The observed higher temperature hysteresis effect observed are very likely a strain effect, and not associated with the typical antiferromagnetic ordering expected of chromia.
Twin-tunnelling-induced ground movements in clay
Authors: Divall Sam , Goodey Richard J.
Published: January 2015

Modern tunnelling methods aim to reduce ground movements arising from the construction process. In clay strata the usual method of construction is by tunnel boring machine, which allows close control of the tunnelling process; however, any movements have the potential to cause damage to existing structures at, and below, the ground surface. The construction of underground rail systems often comprises two tunnels running in opposite directions. Common practice for assessing construction-generated movements around these tunnels is to make predictions based upon individual tunnel construction and utilise superposition to generate a total deformation profile. This approach does not take into account the strain- or stress-dependent effects between tunnel constructions. A delay may result in unanticipated ground movements generated by the construction of the second tunnel. The effect of this delay on the ground movements arising between the first and the second tunnel construction process was investigated in a series of plane strain centrifuge tests. The ground movements at and below the surface were monitored and were assessed against superposition-based predictions for surface settlement with the outcomes highlighting some inconsistencies. A procedure for predicting both surface and subsurface vertical settlement profiles in the plane transverse to the advancing tunnels in clay is suggested.
Adsorption and Flow of Multiple Tracers in Porous Media
Authors: Deem Richard L. , Ali S.M. Farouq
Published: January 2015

It is common practice to employ radioactive tracers for studying fluid movement in oil reservoirs. In many instances, excessive tracer adsorption and anomalous tracer flow behaviour have been reported. The present investigation was concerned with the phenomena associated with the flow of fluids containing radioactive tracers (tritium and Carbon-14). Miscible displacements were conducted in order to evaluate tracer retention and/or adsorption effects. A suitable counting and efficiency determination technique was developed in order to evaluate the radioactivities of fluid systems containing two radioisotopes. The use of two radioactive tracers to trace the simultaneous flow of two fluids was found to be a very effective tool.

The adsorption of tritium during miscible displacements conducted in Berea sandstone cores averaged 1.5 per cent. A systematic investigation showed that this adsorption could be explained on the basis of the exchange of tritium atoms with the hydrogen atoms of the water of hydration found in naturally-occurring clays in porous media.

It was found that the adsorption of tritium increased with a decrease in the displacement rate.

No adsorption of Carbon-14 was observed in miscible displacements in sandstone cores. An average of 0.47 per cent tracer retention was observed during desorption displacements involving Carbon-14, but such retention is attributed to mass transfer effects, and is not considered a true adsorption phenomenon.

A technique for determining the counting efficiency of multiply-tagged fluids was developed. The quenching and scintillating effects of a salt, a hydrocarbon and an alcohol were investigated. It was found that liquid scintillation instrument counting efficiency corrections only partially compensate for extraneous quenching or scintillation effects.
The Data Required for Properly Sizing Gas Well Surface Equipment
Authors: Younger H.
Published: January 2015

A review of the data required for properly sizing gas well surface equipment (dehydrators and heaters) is made. The need and effect of each piece of data is outlined. A slightly modified method of setting the design flow rate is proposed.

Introduction

Most gas in reservoirs is at high pressures and is considered to be saturated with water. Upon its being brought to the surface, it is reduced in pressure and thus temperature; this causes the water of saturation to condense. Also, the gas generally needs purification before it is sold as a commercial fuel. This is generally done in a centralized processing plant, so the gas from the well has to be transported to the central plant.
Virtual instruments in low-frequency noise spectroscopy experiments
Authors: Stadler Adam , Dziedzic Andrzej
Published: January 2015

Low-frequency noise spectroscopy (LFNS) is an experimental technique to study
noise spectra, typically below 10 kHz, as a function of temperature. Results
of LFNS may be presented as the ?so-called? noise maps, giving a detailed
insight into fluctuating phenomena in electronic devices and materials. The
authors show the usefulness of virtual instrument concept in developing and
controlling the measurement setup for LFNS experiments. An example of a noise
map obtained for polymer thick-film resistors (PTFRs), made of commercial
compositions, for temperature range 77 K - 300 K has been shown. The
experiments proved that 1/f noise caused by resistance fluctuations is the
dominant noise component in the studied samples. However, the obtained noise
map revealed also thermally activated noise sources. Furthermore, parameters
describing noise properties of resistive materials and components have been
introduced and calculated using data from LFNS. The results of the work may
be useful for comparison of noise properties of different resistive
materials, giving also directions for improvement of thick-film technology in
order to manufacture reliable, low-noise and stable PTFRs.
Improvement of the energy utilization efficiency of the V-Ti-Magnetite reduction process with rotary hearth furnace
Authors: Wei R. , Lun Z. , Lv X. , Hu T. , Bai C.
Published: January 2015

In order to improve the energy utilization of rotary hearth furnace (RHF),
some methods were raised to solve the problem. Through changing the inlet
angle of the nozzle, a higher and more uniform temperature field can be got.
Thus, the burden in the furnace can be heated to the reduction temperature in
a relatively shorter time. By using multilayer pellets technology, the energy
can be utilized as much as possible. However, the top layer pellets would be
reoxidized when the middle and bottom layer pellets were reduced. The average
metallization of the reduced pellets get the maximum value at 25 min, which
is consistent with the reality operation.
Mechanical properties of low alloy high phosphorus weathering steel
Authors: Jena B.K. , Gupta N. , Singh B. , Ahoo G.S.
Published: January 2015

Mechanical behaviour of two low alloy steels (G11 and G12) was studied with
respect to different phosphorus contents. Tensile strength and yield strength
increased while percentage elongation at fracture decreased on increasing
phosphorus content. The SEM and light optical photomicrograph of low
phosphorus steel (G11) revealed ferrite and pearlite microstructure. On
increasing phosphorus content from 0.25 wt.% to 0.42 wt.%, the morphology of
grain changed from equiaxed shape to pan-cake shape and grain size also
increased. The Charpy V notch (CVN) impact energy of G11 and G12 steel at
room temperature was 32 J and 4 J respectively and their fractographs
revealed brittle rupture with cleavage facets for both the steels. However,
the fractograph of G11 steel after tensile test exhibited ductile mode of
fracture with conical equiaxed dimple while that of G12 steel containing 0.42
wt. % P exhibited transgranular cleavage fracture. Based on this study, G11
steel containing 0.25 wt. % P could be explored as a candidate material for
weathering application purpose where the 20?C toughness requirement is 27 J
as per CSN EN10025-2:2004 specification.
Computational modeling of anodic current distribution and anode shape change in aluminium reduction cells
Authors: Xu Y. , Li J. , Zhang H. , Lai Y.
Published: January 2015

In aluminium reduction cells, the profile of a new carbon anode changes with
time before reaching a steady state shape, since the anode consumption rate,
depending on the current density normal to anode surfaces, varies from one
region to another. In this paper, a two-dimension model based on Laplace
equation and Tafel equation was built up to calculate the secondary current
distribution, and the shift of anode shape with time was simulated with
arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The time it takes to reach the steady
shape for the anode increases with the enlargement of the width of the
channels between the anodes or between the anode and the sidewall. This time
can be shortened by making a sloped bottom or cutting off the lower corners
of the new anode. Forming two slots in the bottom surface increases the
anodic current density at the underside of the anode, but leads to the
enlargement of the current at the side of the anode.
Study of the effect of Ca/Mg alkali-oxides ratio on the structure of a glass-ceramic based on an aluminosilicated glass containing 2wt.% of zirconolite crystalline phase
Authors: Souag R. , Kamel N. , Mouheb Y. , Hammadi M. , Kamel Z. , Moudir D. , Aouchich F. , Kamariz S.
Published: January 2015

New nuclear glass-ceramics are extensively studied for the radioactive waste
confinement, due to the double confinement conferred by the glass-ceramics.
In this study, a glass-ceramic constituted by an aluminosilicate glass in the
system: SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgOZrO2-TiO2, containing 2wt.% of
Ca0.83Ce0.17ZrTi1.66Al0.34O7 zirconolite, has been synthesized by the
discontinuous method. Cerium, an actinide surrogate is introduced both in the
glass and ceramic phases. The synthesis is performed by a double melting at
1350?C, followed by a nucleation at 564?C, during 2 h, and a crystal growth
at 1010?C during 3 h. Then effect of Ca/Mg ratio on the distribution of the
crystalline network in the material was studied for Ca / Mg ratios ranging
from 0.4 to 5.5. For the whole of the materials, Archimedes density is about
2.80 g/cm3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the increase of Ca/Mg
ratio leads to the increase of aluminosilicated crystalline phases with high
Ca contents; the materials molar volumes remaining constant. The zirconolite
phase is not affected by these additive aluminosilicated phases. The scanning
electron microscopy analysis (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)
analysis confirmed these results; and shows the uniformity of distribution of
the ceramics in the bulk of the materials.
Williams’ contextualist solution to the skeptical paradox
Authors: Cukljevic Filip
Published: January 2015

At the beginning of this paper a formulation of skeptical paradox is offered.
Subsequently, possible types of anti-skeptical answers to this paradox are
shown. Special attention is paid to the determination of the contextualistic
versus other anti-skeptical answers. Two versions of contextualism are then
presented, in order to more accurately determine Williams' contextualist view
by their comparative analysis. Presentation of this view is supplemented by
the display of Williams' understanding of knowledge in nonepistemological
contexts. In the end, two objections to the Williams' contextualist view are
exposed, and the answers to them are offered.
Follicular lymphoma patients with a high FLIPI score and a high tumor burden: A risk stratification model
Authors: Andjelic Bosko , Todorovic-Balint Milena , Antic Darko , Bila Jelena , Djurasinovic Vladislava , Mihaljevic Biljana
Published: January 2015

Background/Aim. The widely accepted Follicular Lymphoma International
Prognostic Index (FLIPI) divides patients into three risk groups based on the
score of adverse prognostic factors. The estimated 5-year survival in
patients with a high FLIPI score is around 50%. The aim of this study was to
analyse the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory parameters that are
not included in the FLIPI and the New Prognostic Index for Follicular
Lymphoma developed by the International Follicular Lymphoma Prognostic Factor
Project (FLIPI2) indices, in follicular lymphoma (FL) patients with a high
FLIPI score and high tumor burden. Methods. The retrospective analysis
included 57 newly diagnosed patients with FL, a high FLIPI score and a high
tumor burden. All the patients were diagnosed and treated between April 2000
and June 2007 at the Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia,
Belgrade. Results. The patients with a histological grade > 1, erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR) ? 45 mm/h and hypoalbuminemia had a significantly
worse overall survival (p = 0.015; p = 0.001; p = 0.008, respectively), while
there was a tendency toward worse overall survival in the patients with an
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) > 1 (p = 0.075). Multivariate Cox
regression analysis identified a histological grade > 1, ESR ? 45 mm/h and
hypoalbuminemia as independent risk factors for a poor outcome. Based on a
cumulative score of unfavourable prognostic factors, patients who had 0 or 1
unfavourable factors had a significantly better 5-year overall survival
compared to patients with 2 or 3 risk factors (75% vs 24.1%, p = 0.000).
Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that from the examined prognostic
parameters histological grade > 1, ESR ? 45 mm/h and hypoalbuminemia can
contribute in defining patients who need more aggressive initial treatment
approach, if two or three of these parameters are present on presentation.
A strange antiferromagnetic phase has controlled the magnetic and paleomagnetic properties of the Fe-Ti inversion spinel bearing rocks on the whole Earth globe
Authors: Orlický Oto
Published: January 2015

The magnetic characteristics of Fe and Fe-Ti magnetic mineral bearing rocks of young, through recent, quaternary, mesozoic to palaeozoic age have been studied. I have discovered a strange antiferromagnetic phase (AFMP) in Fe and Fe-Ti magnetic minerals of about 288 samples from 78 localities of volcanic rocks and of about 346 samples of the sedimentary rocks. The AFM phase has played a very important role in magnetism and paleomagnetism of rocks. I have considered that an evolution of the AFM phase started probably after solidification of magnetic minerals during post magmatic process and it has gradually followed during survival of minerals on the Earth’s surface. The AFMP can be found in different evolutional stages, from a begining stage to completely developed stage. The indicated AFMP has the Néel temperature (TN), in the range from 350°C to 485°C, mostly around 450° C in the samples under study. I have deduced that one can find the rocks in the two basically different aggregations: 1) The rocks containing so called the pseudo original phase state magnetic minerals, where the AFM phase is absent, and 2) The rocks containing the transformed phase state magnetic minerals, where the AFM phase is present. The AFM phase coexists with the ferrimagnetic phases in large range of temperatures and disappears at TN. The AFM phase has a strong relations with magnetic properties, including the polarity of RM of rocks. The rocks with a copletely develped AFM phase have always reversed RM. The AFM phase bearing rocks have possessed lower values of magnetic susceptibility (κ) comparing them with the Fe and Fe-Ti minerals bearing rocks, where the AFMP is absent. The self-reversed partial thermoremanent magnetization (PTRM) was induced in many samples of volcanic rocks, applying a normally oriented geomagnetic field in the laboratory. In all these rocks was present the AFM phase. The rocks without the AFM phase have always normal RM. I can propose that the reversed RM of the AFMP containing magnetic minerals bearing rocks has been generated by the self-reversal process in nature
Laboratory and image spectroscopy for evaluating the biophysical state of meadow vegetation in the Krkonoše National Park
Authors: Jelének Jan , Kupková Lucie , Zagajewski Bogdan , Březina Stanislav , Ochytra Adrian , Marcinkowska Adriana
Published: January 2015

The paper deals with the evaluation of mountain meadow vegetation condition using in-situ measurements of the fraction of Accumulated Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) and Leaf Area Index (LAI). The study analyses the relationship between these parameters and spectral properties of meadow vegetation and selected invasive species with the goal of finding out vegetation indices for the detection of fAPAR and LAI. The developed vegetation indices were applied on hyperspectral data from an APEX (Airborne Prism Experiment) sensor in the area of interest in the Krkonoše National Park. The results of index development on the level of the field data were quite good. The maximal sensitivity expressed by the coefficient of determination for LAI was R2 = 0.56 and R2 = 0.79 for fAPAR. However, the sensitivity of all the indices developed at the image level was quite low. The output values of in-situ measurements confirmed the condition of invasive species as better than that of the valuable original meadow vegetation, which is a serious problem for national park management.
The Electronic Spatial Information System – tools for the monitoring of asbestos in Poland
Authors: Krówczyńska Małgorzata , Wilk Ewa , Zagajewski Bogdan
Published: January 2015

On January 1, 2005 the use of asbestos-containing products was banned in the European Union. According to the Act of 19 June 1997 banning the use of these products, their usage in Poland should be abated by the end of 2032. The whole process is being monitored by the Electronic Spatial Information System for the Monitoring of Asbestos Products Removal. The system design was based on a geodatabase. The research area of the study is the whole territory of Poland at the national, provincial and local level of detail. The monitoring process embraces spatial analysis through the preparation and interpretation of a range of maps. The results obtained from the deployed methods proved that the system has been useful for decision making purposes during the monitoring process. The proposed solutions were appreciated by the EU.
Drill fluid selection for the SUBGLACIOR probe: a review of silicone oil as a drill fluid
Authors: Triest J. , Alemany O.
Published: January 2015

As part of the ICE&LASER/SUBGLACIOR projects, an innovative probe called SUBGLACIOR is developed with the aim of perforating the ice sheet down to depths of 3500 m in a single season and continuously measuring in situ the isotopic composition of the meltwater and the methane concentration in trapped gases. Ice chips generated by the electromechanical drilling will be removed from the borehole by circulating a drill fluid. The selection of this drill fluid is important as it will have a major impact on the performance and the environmental evaluation. A literature review of drilling liquids is carried out to select potential fluids for further detailed testing. The selected fluids are varying grades of silicone oils, known as linear polydimethylsiloxanes, and ESTISOL™ 140, an aliphatic ester. The requirements for this project are similar to those for other deep ice-core drilling projects but, due to the embedded analytical system and the speed of drilling, there are some specific considerations. Following extensive testing, we conclude that a silicone fluid with a kinematic viscosity of 3 mm2 s−1 (3 cSt) is ideally suitable and affordable. This evaluation provides new insights into the use of silicone oils as a drill fluid that are of use to the wider ice-core drilling community.
Developing a hot-water drill system for the WISSARD project: 2. In situ water production
Authors: Blythe Daren S. , Duling Dennis V. , Gibson Dar E.
Published: January 2015

Successful hot-water drilling in the Antarctic is predicated on utilization of the abundant water supply available in the form of the Antarctic ice sheet. For WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) field operations, a snowmelting system was developed that could adequately provide water for a 1000 kW hot-water drill. The system employs ∼100 kW of waste heat from a 225 kW generator to melt snow for initial water (known as seed water) to prime the drill’s high-pressure pumps and water heaters; once the water heaters can be engaged in snowmelting, enough water can be supplied directly to the WISSARD drill to successfully melt a 40 cm diameter hole through 800 m of ice.
Detection of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Samples Collected at an Abattoir in Zaria, Nigeria and at Different Points in the Surrounding Environment
Authors: Kabiru Lawan , Bello Mohammed , Kabir Junaid , Grande Laura , Morabito Stefano
Published: January 2015

Pathogenic Escherichia coli can be released with the wastes coming from slaughterhouses into the environment, where they can persist. We investigated the presence of diarrheagenic E. coli in specimens taken at an abattoir located in the Zaria region, Nigeria, in samples of water from the river Koreye, where the effluent from the abattoir spills in, and vegetable specimens taken at a nearby farm. All the isolated E. coli were assayed for the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) by using the Ridascreen verotoxin Immunoassay and by PCR amplification of genes associated with the diarrheagenic E. coli. Three strains from the rectal content of two slaughtered animals and a cabbage were positive for the presence of the Stx-coding genes. Additionally we have isolated one Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) from the abattoir effluent and two Subtilase-producing E. coli from the slaughterhouse’s effluent and a sample of carrots. Our results provide evidence that pathogenic E. coli can contaminate the environment as a result of the discharge into the environment of untreated abattoir effluent, representing a reservoir for STEC and other diarrheagenic E. coli favouring their spread to crops.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of the Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks in 2014
Authors: Journal of Sensor Actuator Networks Editorial Office
Published: January 2015

The editors of the Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]
Message from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Rampelotto Pabulo
Published: January 2015

One year after I assumed the position of Editor in Chief of Life, it is my great pleasure to write this editorial highlighting our achievements during this period, which were so many! As I wrote in the first editorial, my commitment was to make the journal a success, with the launch of exciting special issues, publication of high quality papers as well as inclusion of the journal in major indexing and abstracting services [1]. Basically, throughout 2014, all these commitments have been accomplished. Several eminent team leaders have joined our editorial board [2], timely special issues have been launched [3], and the journal already was indexed in PubMed [4]; now, it is just a matter of time to be indexed in Web of Science. The feedback from the scientific community already has been quite positive. With timely special issues lined up for 2015, the journal is developing quite fast.[...]
Carbon Turnover during Effluent Application to the Land: A Potential Role for Vegetation?
Authors: Tzanakakis Vasileios , Vagiakis Giannis , Tsiknia Myrto , Angelakis Andreas , Paranychianakis Nikolaos
Published: January 2015

This work investigates the effect of plant species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis vs. Arundo donax) on carbon (C) turnover during wastewater application to the land. The study was carried out in 40-liter pots under field conditions and plant species were treated either with pre-treated municipal wastewater or freshwater. Plant species had a strong effect on soil organic matter with pots planted with E. camaldulensis showing greater values than pots planted with A. donax. In accordance, greater respiration rates were measured in E. camaldulensis pots compared to those planted with A. donax. The respiration rate followed a decreasing trend with the progress of the season for both species. These findings suggest differences in soil microbial community composition and/or activity in the rhizosphere of plant species. Minor effects of plant species or effluent were observed in dissolved organic carbon, protein, and hexoses content. In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal an important role of plant species on C cycling in terrestrial environments with potential implications on the sequestration of C and release of nutrients and pollutants.
Integrated Modeling of Solutions in the System of Distributing Logistics of a Fruit and Vegetable Cooperative
Authors: Velychko Oleksandr
Published: January 2015

A mechanism of preparing rationalistic solutions in the system of distributing logistics of a fruit and vegetable cooperative has been studied considering possible alternatives and existing limitations. Belonging of separate operations of the fruit and vegetable cooperative to technological, logistical or marketing business processes has been identified. Expediency of the integrated use of logistical concept DRP, decision tree method and linear programming in management of the cooperative has been grounded. The model for preparing decisions on organizing sales of vegetables and fruit which is focused on minimization of costs of cooperative services and maximization of profits for members of the cooperation has been developed. The necessity to consider integrated model of differentiation on levels of post gathering processing and logistical service has been revealed. Methodology of representation in the economical-mathematical model of probabilities in the tree of decisions concerning the expected amount of sales and margin for members of the cooperative using different channels has been processed. A formula which enables scientists to describe limitations in linear programming concerning critical duration of providing harvest of vegetables and fruit after gathering towards a customer has been suggested.
Bivalence de la sensorialité
Authors: Cornalba Vincent , Dayan Jacques
Published: January 2015

Le recours au sensoriel relèverait d’une bivalence, à partir d’effets de liaison et de déliaison. L’idée de trans-figuration se prête à la représentation d’un jeu en figurations dont l’autre est le partenaire incontournable. L’insistance avec laquelle le corps s’inviterait dans le pubertaire ne serait pas, à tout coup, interprétable en sa condition d’accroc. Il pourrait également se mesurer en sa qualité d’accroche, et apparaître dans son rôle d’opérateur au sein même du processus de subjectivation.
Le sensoriel : un antidote aux émotions
Authors: Jeammet Philippe
Published: January 2015

C’est dans un contexte de paradoxalité que s’inscrit le processus d’adolescence. Le sujet est confronté avec une intensité toute particulière aux effets de dépendance et à l’exigence d’autonomie. Cette tension suscite une résurgence d’émotions que le sujet doit gérer et la quête de sensations peut en représenter l’une des modalités. La conscience réflexive est alors déterminante pour préserver le sujet des conséquences d’une polarisation destructive
Corps évanescent : arrimage auto-sensuel et sensoriel
Authors: Givre Philippe
Published: January 2015

Lors du suivi thérapeutique d’une jeune patiente anorexique, la présence entêtante de sensations de chaud et de froid est là pour lutter contre des angoisses de dépersonnalisation, mais aussi pour traduire la présence d’éprouvés pubertaires, infantiles et archaïques dans l’impossibilité d’être subjectivés. L’établissement d’affinités particulières entre les registres archaïque et pubertaire favorise de façon très régressive la domination des modes de représentance les plus primitifs au détriment de formes plus élaborées, ce que la psychothérapie a peu à peu différencié.
Temporalités sensorielles en quête de sens chez une adolescente
Authors: Boisseuil Anne
Published: January 2015

À partir de la clinique d’une adolescente reçue en consultation pour symptômes hallucinatoires, nous proposons une lecture de ses expressions subjectives selon une perspective temporelle. Nous axerons notre réflexion sur l’actualisation de liens primaires où la sensorialité peut devenir une voie de conquête vers la subjectivation. De ce fait, nous interrogerons la place de l’environnement actuel de l’adolescente comme étayage dans ce travail.
La mondialisation en question et le destin de l'Occident
Authors: del Valle Alexandre
Published: January 2015

Les Occidentaux confondent souvent un phénomène neutre, la « globalisation » (technologies de communications et d’échanges planétaires), avec la « mondialisation heureuse » (utopie mondialiste et pacifiste). Or le fait de prôner un monde sans ennemi ni menaces n’aide pas à comprendre le nouvel échiquier mondial multipolaire, de plus en plus anti-occidental et hyper-concurrentiel. La Chine maoïste-capitaliste montre qu’un pays dictatorial peut briguer le statut de première puissance tout en rejetant la démocratie libérale. Pour les nations du nouveau monde multipolaire, l’universalité des droits de l’homme est un cache-sexe de l’arrogance occidentale, et la globalisation un champ de déploiement de puissance, d’échanges et de concurrences. Les pays d’Occident ne pourront relever ces défis qu’en renouant avec la realpolitik et en effectuant un recentrage stratégique autour de leurs intérêts géocivilisationnels. Ils devront également rompre avec le paradigme de la Guerre froide qui leur fait toujours voir dans la Russie un ennemi.
Effets présents et futurs de l'exploitation des hydrocarbures de schiste aux États-Unis
Authors: Geoffron Patrice , Meritet Sophie
Published: January 2015

Le développement des gaz et des huiles de schiste aux États-Unis est un événement majeur dans la sphère énergétique, mais également dans la dynamique de la globalisation et dans la géopolitique des prochaines décennies. Cette évolution est une alerte pour les Européens, tant pour ce qui concerne leur politique énergétique que leur politique industrielle. Elle renforce, en Europe, l’obligation (et les risques) d’une transition énergétique et, tout particulièrement, des indispensables efforts d’efficacité énergétique.
Lobbying : de l'histoire au métier
Authors: Clamen Michel
Published: January 2015

La représentation d’intérêts privés auprès des décideurs publics, français et européens, s’est développée en même temps que la construction européenne, jusqu’à faire de Bruxelles la deuxième concentration de lobbyistes dans le monde. Depuis une dizaine d’années, des nouveaux éléments d’évolution sont intervenus : Internet aux multiples usages, organisations non gouvernementales en forte montée, mondialisation, acteurs plus nombreux qui demandent de construire des convergences. Le lobbying rencontre de plus en plus des exigences éthiques, des formations spécialisées peuvent contribuer à sa normalisation. Le lobbying, d’une somme de pratiques, se structure en métier.