bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of NGS and ARMS-PCR for Detecting EGFR mutations Based on 4467 Cases of NSCLC Patients
Authors: He Changlong , Wei Chengcheng , Wen Jun , Chen Shi , Chen Ling , Wu Yue , Shen Yifan , Bai Huili , Zhang Yangli , Chen Xueping , li xiaosong
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBy comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods.Methods and materials The cases of targeted genes for lung cancer were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to October 2020. A sample of 4467 cases was selected，and they were diagnosed with NSCLC by Pathological biopsy. Sample sources include surgical resection, bronchoscope biopsy, metastatic biopsy, blood, sputum, cytology of pleural effusion. Among them, 3665 cases were detected by ARMS-PCR technique, and 802 cases were detected by NGS technology. The detection rate and type of ARMS-PCR and NGS techniques for EGFR gene mutations (including exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21 and so on) in different NSCLC samples were compared respectively.ResultsThe total mutation rate of EGFR gene detected by ARMS-PCR was 47.6% while 42.4% detected by NGS which indicated that there was a significant difference between the two methods in detecting total mutation of EGFR gene (P<0.001). In different exons, the EGFR mutation rate detected by two methods is various. The mutation rate of exon 19 by ARMS-PCR detection was evidently higher than that of NGS detection, while the mutation rate of exon 20 and 21 by ARMS-PCR detection were statistically significantly lower than that of NGS detection. Moreover, the multiple mutation rate detected by NGS was 16.3% which was much higher than the 2.7% detected by ARMS-PCR with statistically different. ConclusionsIt showed that NGS could direct the drug use for the resistant patients. However, some rare loci could be detected by NGS but the importance and directed meaning are still unknown and the number of rare mutations is rare too. Further research on new biomarkers and technique is still needed for early diagnosis, directing drug use and assessing the therapy prognosis.
Association of High Expression of Mitochondrial Fission Regulator 2 with Poor Survival of Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Hongwei , Zhu Xingzhuang , Zhang Wei , Lu Wenjie , Liu Chuan , Ma Jinbo , Zhang Yang , Zang Rukun , Song Yipeng
Published: June 2021

Background: Mitochondrial fission regulator 2 (MTFR2) is associated with mitochondrial fission, while few studies has assessed the associations between MTFR2 expression and clinical characteristics and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: We compared the expression of MTFR2 in 6 ESCC tumors and relative normal tissues by immunochemistry (IHC). To assess the effect of MTFR2 expression on clinicopathologic characteristics and survival, totally 115 paraffin embedded ESCC tissue samples were assessed by IHC staining. Furthermore, the associations between clinicopathological properties and MTFR2 expression in patients with ESCC was examined. The survival analysis was performed using the Cox regression models. Results: We found that MTFR2 expression was significantly increased in ESCC tumors compared with normal esophageal epithelial cells (NEECs). IHC analysis of 115 paraffin embedded ESCC tumor specimens of the patients showed that the expression of MTFR2 was significantly associated with clinical stage (P <0.001), tumor classification (P <0.001), histological grade (P<0.001), and other clinicopathological characteristics. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that MTFR2 expression was significantly associated with the survival of ESCC patients. Conclusion: The expression of MTFR2 is significantly associated with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of ESCC. Thus, MTFR2 expression could serve as a potentially important prognostic biomarker and clinical target for patients with ESCC.
Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Perfectionism on Musician’s Dystonia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Alpheis Stine , Altenmuller Eckart , Scholz Daniel Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Background: Musician’s dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder characterized by muscle cramps and impaired voluntary motor-control whilst playing a musical instrument. Recent studies suggest an involvement of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the development of MD. Objectives: By investigating the prevalence of ACEs in MD patients with perfectionism as possible mediating factor this study aims to gain further insights into the etiology of MD.Methods: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACE-S), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Frost’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were answered by 128 MD patients and 136 healthy musicians. Regression and mediator analyses were conducted to identify relevant predictors of MD and to investigate the role of perfectionism.Results: The CTQ total score (OR: 1.04; 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]) and the sub-score “emotional neglect” (OR: 1.13; 95% CI [1.02, 1.25]) were identified as two predictors of MD. Patients scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the sub-score emotional neglect, but no significant differences were observed for other forms of ACEs. Perfectionism had no mediating function on the association between ACEs and MD and the two groups did not differ in their FMPS score.Conclusion: Emotional neglect in childhood seems to be a risk factor in the development of musician’s dystonia. A possible explanation for this association could be a lower stress resilience in musicians with a history of ACEs, which increases vulnerability to acquire dysfunctional movement patterns. Further research is needed to investigate underlying psychological and neurological mechanisms of this association.
Ericaceous Vegetation of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia Will Prevail in the Face of Climate Change.
Authors: Kidane Yohannes O , Hoffmann Samuel , Jaeschke Anja , Beloiu Mirela , Beierkuhnlein Carl
Published: June 2021

Climate change impacts ecosystem structure, functioning, and spatial distribution. Among others, it will result in a shift in ecosystem boundaries, which will result in the contraction of some vulnerable ecosystems, such as the alpine zone of high mountains. The African tropical high mountain ecosystems, i.e., Afroalpine ecosystems, are spatially extremely isolated and highly vulnerable. The ecosystems dominated by ericaceous woody plants are vital components at the transition between forests and Afroalpine vegetation. Here, we modeled the impact of projected climate change on the current and future distribution of ericaceous vegetation in the Bale Mountains. We hypothesize climate change will result in modified suitability of sites for ericaceous vegetation, leading to the expansion of ericaceous vegetation to higher elevation and contraction in other altitudes. Consequently, the expansion and dominance of ericaceous vegetation could negatively impact Afroalpine ecosystems. We applied and compared four modeling algorithms based on bioclimatic variables as environmental predictors: Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), Bioclim, Domain, and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms. After testing for collinearity, we selected ten historical (current) and future bioclimatic variables. We used two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of IPPC5 climate projections, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for future climate projection. The 2050s and 2070s projections resulted in increased ericaceous vegetation cover towards the midaltitude of northwestern and northern parts of the massif and the Sanetti plateau. Close ericaceous vegetation stands at high altitudes are projected to increase while receding from the lower range of the current distribution range across the massif. Moreover, the current ericaceous vegetation distribution is positively related to the temperature and precipitation trends, which reaffirms the critical role of temperature in shaping species distributions along elevational gradients. The results indicate the high likelihood for considerable changes in this biodiversity hotspot in Eastern Africa.
The contribution of rare whole genome sequencing variants to plasma protein levels and to the missing heritability
Authors: Kierczak Marcin , Rafati Nima , Höglund Julia , Gourle Hadrien , Schmitz Daniel , Ek Weronica , Enroth Stefan , Ekman Diana , Nystedt Björn , Karlsson Torgny , Johansson Åsa
Published: June 2021

Despite the success in identifying effects of common genetic variants, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), much of the genetic contribution to complex traits remains unexplained. Here, we analysed high coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, to evaluate the contribution of rare genetic variants to 414 plasma proteins. The frequency distribution of genetic variants was skewed towards the rare spectrum, and damaging variants were more often rare. However, only 2.24% of the heritability was estimated to be explained by rare variants. A gene-based approach, developed to also capture the effect of rare variants, identified associations for 249 of the proteins, which was 25% more as compared to a GWAS. Out of those, 24 associations were driven by rare variants, clearly highlighting the capacity of aggregated tests and WGS data. We conclude that, while many rare variants have considerable phenotypic effects, their contribution to the missing heritability is limited by their low frequencies.
Long-term exposure to fine particulate constituents and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults
Authors: Liu Linjiong , Luo Siqi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Zhiming , Zhou Peixuan , Mo Shaocai , Zhang Yunquan
Published: June 2021

Background Limited evidence exists about the long-term effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents on mortality, especially in developing regions with moderate-to-high pollution levels. Hence, we aimed to assess the associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents with all-cause mortality in China.Methods We designed a nationwide cohort study of 30,524 adults from the China Family Panel Studies with follow-ups through the years 2010 to 2017. Annual county-level exposures of PM2.5 mass and its 5 constituents (black carbon [BC], organic matter [OM], nitrate [NO3−], ammonium [NH4+] and sulfate [SO42−]) were assessed by satellite-derived estimates across the 162 counties where participants resided at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures were employed to quantify associations of all-cause mortality with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and constituents.Results A total of 1210 death events occurred during the 172,297.7 person-years of follow-up. Multi-adjusted Cox model estimated an hazard ratio (HR) of 1.125 (95% confidence interval: 1.058–1.197) for all-cause mortality, associated with per interquartile range (IQR = 26.7 μg/m3) increase in exposure to PM2.5 mass. Highly comparable associations were found among all PM2.5 constituents of study, with the HRs ranging from 1.113 [1.006–1.231] for SO42-(IQR = 5.6 μg/m3) to 1.141 [1.048–1.243] for NO3- (IQR = 8.7 μg/m3). PM2.5 constituents-mortality associations varied by subpopulations and regions, with the larger magnitudes in males, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and urban residents.Conclusions Long-term exposure to specific PM2.5 constituents (i.e., BC, OM, NO3-, NH4+ and SO42-) were associated with all-cause mortality in Chinese adults. These associations were more pronounced in males, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and urban residents. Our study provides the brand-new evidence for chronic health effects of PM2.5 constituents on human mortality in China.
Significant variations of dangerous exposures during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: a possible association with the containment measures implemented to reduce the virus transmission
Authors: Giordano Felice , Petrolini Valeria Margherita , Spagnolo Domenico , Fidente Rosanna Maria , Lanciotti Lucrezia , Baldassarri Lucilla , Moretti Francesco Luca , Brambilla Elena , Lonati Davide , Schicchi Azzurra , Locatelli Carlo Alessandro , Draisci Rosa
Published: June 2021

Background: In response to the COVID-19 health emergency, mass media widely spread guidelines to stop the virus transmission, leading to an excessive and unaware use of detergents and disinfectants. In Italy and in other countries this tendency caused a significant increase of exposures to these products in 2020. Evaluating data collected by the Italian Pavia Poison Centre (PPC), this study intends to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 lockdown and the variations of exposures to specific product categories possibly associated to the containment measures implemented.Simultaneously, this work shows the effectiveness of the European Products Categorisation System (EuPCS) in surveillance activities of dangerous chemicals.Methods: Exposure cases managed by the PPC during March-May 2020 (lockdown) and during the same months of 2017-2018-2019 were compared. Differences in categorical variables were tested with the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at Alpha = 0.05. The study included all EuPCS groups but specifically focused on cleaners, detergents, biocides and cosmetics. Results: During the lockdown calls from private citizens significantly increased (+11.5%, p<0.001) and occupational exposures decreased (-11.7%, p<0.05). Among Cleaners, exposures to Bleaches slightly increased while Drain cleaning products went through a significant reduction (-13.9%, p<0.05). An increase of exposures to Disinfectants was observed (+7.7%, p<0.01), particularly to those for surfaces (+6.8%, p<0.05). Regarding Cosmetics, both handwashing soaps and gel products significantly increased (respectively: +25.0 and +9.7%, p<0.05).Among children 1-5 years, the statistical significance is reached with exposures to Dishwashing detergents (+13.1%), handwashing soaps (+28.6%, p<0.05) and handwashing gel products (+16.8%, p=0.01). Contrarily, Liquid Laundry Detergent Capsules significantly decreased (-25%; p=0.001). The general severity of exposures decreased (Moderate: -10.1%, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study investigated the relationship between the COVID-19 lockdown and the variations of exposures to some product categories related to the containment measures. The results obtained support any action to be taken by Competent Authorities to implement measures for a safer use of cleaners/disinfectants. This paper shows the benefit in applying the EuPCS to categorize products according to their intended use, though an extension of this system to products not covered by CLP Regulation may be a further advantage.
Markovian Approach To The Frequency Of Tropical Cyclones And Subsequent Development Of Univariate Prediction Model
Authors: Bhowmick Shreya , Chattopadhyay Surajit
Published: June 2021

Tropical cyclones is one of the most devastating meteorological events. In the recent years we faced some very severe cyclones to super cyclone successively that caused heavy damages to life and property during the helpless situations of the global pandemic. In this paper, westudied the frequency of cyclones from the year 1891 to 2019 i.e. for 129 years on the Arabian Sea Basin, Bay of Bengal Basin and land. We have categorised the cyclones according to their wind speeds: i) Cyclonic storms and Severe cyclonic storms(CS + SCS) and ii) Depressions, Cyclonic storms and Severe Cyclonic storms(D + CS + SCS) where Depressions, Cyclonic storms and Severe Cyclonic storms have wind speeds of more than equal to 17 knots, 34 knots and 48 knots respectively. We examined the Markovian dependence of the discretized time series of the two categories mentioned earlier for the first, second, third and fourth order of a two-state Markov chain model. It is found that CS + SCS represents the First Order Two State (FOTS) model of Markov chain and D + CS + SCS represents the Second Order Two State (SOTS) model of Markov chain. Thereafter we have developed autoregressive models for the two categories and checked its goodness of fit using Willmott’s indices of order 1 and 2. Its is found that CS + SCS best represents the autoregressive model of order 5 whereas D + CS + SCS could not be efficiently represented by the developed autoregressive models. So we further developed autoregressive neural networks for D + CS + SCS and obtained some significant hike in the prediction yield. Nevertheless, it is found that both the categories are clearly not serially independent.
Die Optimierung von Medienentscheidungen in der Unterrichtsplanung – eine Utopie?
Authors: Küth Simon , Scholl Daniel , Schüle Christoph , Rheinländer Kathrin
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag zielt auf eine mediendidaktische Interpretation der Optimierungsidee und diskutiert die Verknüpfung einer kognitionspsychologischen und informationstechnologischen Sichtweise. Ausgangspunkt ist das zentrale mediendidaktische Prinzip, das besagt, dass optimale Medienentscheidungen bei mediengestützten Lernangeboten in Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Planungsbereichen stehen sollten, zum Beispiel mit den Lernvoraussetzungen, -zielen oder -inhalten. Die Konsequenz dieses Interdependenzprinzips ist, wechselwirkende Medienentscheidungen mit den weiteren Planungsentscheidungen und -voraussetzungen bereits in der Unterrichtsplanung treffen zu müssen, die zu einem möglichst stimmigen Unterrichtsentwurf führen, dessen Qualität dann im Kreislauf von Planung, Durchführung und Analyse der Lernangebote stetig weiter zu entwickeln ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dieses mediendidaktische Prinzip aufgegriffen und zunächst aus der Perspektive der Cognitive Load-Theorie gefragt, ob das Optimum einer interdependenten Unterrichtsplanung die Planenden – massgeblich Planungsnovizinnen und -novizen – kognitiv überfordert und deshalb eine Utopie bleiben muss. Anschliessend wird eine technologiebasierte Lerngelegenheit – eine Planungssoftware – vorgestellt, die das kognitiv entlastende Erlernen interdependenter Planungsentscheidungen unterstützt und einen möglichen Weg aufzeigt, das Treffen interdependenter Planungsentscheidungen selbst für Planungsnovizinnen und -novizen realistisch werden zu lassen.
Crosslinking of the Bioplast plastic material as a means of increasing its biomechanical stability and the effectiveness of keratoplasty for corneal ulcers
Authors: Flora S. V. , Chentsova E. V. , Iomdina E. N.
Published: June 2021

Purpose:to assess the effect of ultraviolet (UVA) crosslinking of Bioplast plastic material (silicon-dried human cornea) on its biomechanical stability and effectiveness for keratoplasty in corneal ulcers. Material and methods. To determine the maximum rehydration time, 12 Bioplast samples were incubated in physiological solution (NaCl 0.9 %) for 12 hours and monitored for thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering). After the epithelium was scarified rehydrated corneas were treated withof 0.1% riboflavin solution for 30 minutes, and after it 8 rehydrated samples (experimental group) were treated with UVA for 30minutes (wavelength 370 nm, power 3 mW/cm2) using a UV-X device system (IROC AG, Switzerland). In the control group (4 rehydrated samples), no UVA crosslinking was performed. The elastic-strength indicators of the experimental and control group samples were assessed by applying uniaxial tension using a deformation machine (Autograph AGS-H, Japan). To examine the patients (presented in clinical examples)before and after keratoplasty with Bioplast subjected to UVA crosslinking, a set of standard ophthalmic tests was used. Results.Rehydration of Bioplast was the most intensive in the first three hours of incubation, during which time tissue thickness increased uniformly by 50–55 μm/hour to 700–710 μm, while further incubation showed no significant additional effect on the fluid content in the cornea. After UVA crosslinking, the strength indices and the elastic modulus of the rehydrated Bioplast samples significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Clinical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of modified Bioplast for organ-preserving penetrating keratoplasty in case of perforatedcorneal ulcer. Conclusion. UVA crosslinking of rehydrated Bioplast increases its biomechanical stability. The data of laboratory studies and the first clinical tests demonstrate that modified Bioplast may be an effective replacement of native donor cornea in urgent keratoplasty of perforated ulcers.
Analysing Text for Translation: Genesis of Stylistic Categories for Comparing Language Pairs
Authors:   Professor, Centre for French and Francophone Studies, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University., Mishra Sushant Kumar
Published: June 2021

Translation related issues have been explored since times immemorial in various societies of the world. Transferring language-based knowledge systems and experiences have been an exclusive faculty of the human species. Paraphrasing vs metaphrasing in translating texts have been important concerns of translators while expressing the thoughts in texts of language into another language. Should there be a politics of these two approaches being applied as per the ideological requirements? In the background of this question, we need to understand how and why the successors of Saussure continued working on the stylistic categories of expressions of ordinary language usages while often comparing the two language pairs also in the context of style and translation. The presentation aims to explore the translation theories in the context of the ideological requirements of their times and continues to understand the comparative stylistic categories of Saussure’s successors which are useful in practically translating a text.
Translation of Anzaldúa’s book Borderlands in Indian language(s): A challenge in the Indian context
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Women and Gender Studies, University of Granada, Spain, Gupta Shilpi
Published: June 2021

This paper is a part of a project of translation of the book of Gloria Anzaldúa’ Borderlands/ La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987) in Indian language(s). Borderlands/ La Frontera: The New Mestiza is one of the path-breaking books which came in the time when Afro-American feminism already stood in opposition to white feminism by questioning the Euro-American centric feminism. Anzaldúa started discussing Chicana feminism together with black feminism. Her book Borderlands is a painful but challenging narration of those who live on the ‘barbwire’ between Mexico and the USA. In defining the border, she goes beyond the physical meaning to its symbolic significance, and one of them is language. Language in her book has been uniquely presented as an identity that is multilingual, creolized, mestiza and subaltern language. Hence, her book is a challenge in the field of translation, especially in Indian context where languages have political, social and historical impact. Considering the above book as a project, I would primarily discuss why this book should be translated considering the Indian context? What are the different ways in which the translation can be defined in translating a text from One-Third world to another Third world? In this process, we find it relevant to revise the language and its relations to power in a postcolonial India, taking into account caste, class, and colonial discourse. This epitome opens a debate to enter into the new political strategies which Gloria Anzaldúa propagates through her book “Nueva Conciencia Mestiza” as moving towards “new language” which could be more inclusive.
The Word ‘Noor’: Tracing a Long Journey through Translation and Adaptation from Classical Arabic to Contemporary Punjabi/Hindi Pop Songs
Authors:   Department of English, Zakir Husain Delhi College (M), University of Delhi., Sahaji Azhar Uddin
Published: June 2021

In contemporary India, through popular Punjabi, Bollywood songs, we often come across the word “Noor” (tere chehre ka noor etc.) in reference to a female beauty most of the times. We have become so familiar with the word that we almost forgot that the Arabic original word gained its immortal significance when it is mentioned in the Quran in association with the God. The exact and a fixed meaning of the of word “Noor” is not given in the Quran and perhaps, that gives an opportunity which enabled the word to travel worldwide in different languages with different significance attached to it, from spiritual Sufi literature to sensational pop music. This paper will attempt to show how the word Noor has been translated, transliterated, adopted not just literally but the spiritual and religious significances attached to it. This paper will argue that the word Noor itself has not gone through so much of translation apart from transliteration but the significance associated with it have gone through tremendous translations in different languages and cultures. The paper will also argue that the journey of the word through different linguistic and cultural spheres have lost some of its significance as well gained significances through the process of translation.
The water, food and energy nexus
Authors: Kheirinejad Shima , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Gude Veera Gnaneswar
Published: June 2021

The water, food and energy nexus is a critical component for sustainable development as global population and industrialization escalate. Agriculture is responsible for the majority of freshwater consumption worldwide, while one quarter of the world's energy is spent on food production and consumption. The connections between such vital areas necessitates a profound and integrated approach to securing the water, food and energy sectors across the world. Such an integrated approach should be based upon understanding the nexus between the three individual sectors, and on coordinating the interactions between them. As the global population is expected to reach 8 billion (8 × 109) by 2030, demands for essential services and higher living standards are becoming prevalent, and the need for conscious protection of vital resources – without which, meeting those demands and desires would be impossible – is more palpable than ever. Considering the impact of water and environmental crises on food and energy security, the integrated management of water, food and energy with the collaboration of all stakeholders could result in a significant check on any detrimental changes. Due to the critical importance of food, water and energy security, policies should be implemented to conserve and protect these essential resources. Therefore, it is very important to understand the logic governing this issue, and, in this chapter, definitions and logical approaches that govern the concept of the water, food and energy nexus, the potential crises ahead, and the effective management solutions, tools, and methods used in this field are all discussed, using case studies and examples.
Using Infodemiology Metrics to Assess Public Interest in Liver Transplantation: Google Trends Analysis
Authors: Effenberger Maria , Kronbichler Andreas , Bettac Erica , Grabherr Felix , Grander Christoph , Adolph Timon Erik , Mayer Gert , Zoller Heinz , Perco Paul , Tilg Herbert
Published: June 2021

Background

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease. Less than 10% of global transplantation needs are met worldwide, and the need for LT is still increasing. The death rates on the waiting list remain too high.

Objective

It is, therefore, critical to raise awareness among the public and health care providers and in turn increasingly acquire donors.

Methods

We performed a Google Trends search using the search terms liver transplantation and liver transplant on October 15, 2020. On the basis of the resulting monthly data, the annual average Google Trends indices were calculated for the years 2004 to 2018. We not only investigated the trend worldwide but also used data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Spain, and Eurotransplant. Using pairwise Spearman correlations, Google Trends indices were examined over time and compared with the total number of liver transplants retrieved from the respective official websites of UNOS, the Organización Nacional de Trasplantes, and Eurotransplant.

Results

From 2004 to 2018, there was a significant decrease in the worldwide Google Trends index from 78.2 in 2004 to 20.5 in 2018 (–71.2%). This trend was more evident in UNOS than in the Eurotransplant group. In the same period, the number of transplanted livers increased worldwide. The waiting list mortality rate was 31% for Eurotransplant and 29% for UNOS. However, in Spain, where there are excellent awareness programs, the Google Trends index remained stable over the years with comparable, increasing LT numbers but a significantly lower waiting list mortality (15%).

Conclusions

Public awareness in LT has decreased significantly over the past two decades. Therefore, novel awareness programs should be initialized.
Ensemble Method for Forex Rate Prediction using OHLC Data
Authors: Upadhyay Srijan Kumar
Published: June 2021

Forex rate is a crucial indicator of the economic health of the country. Accurate prediction of forex rates thus becomes essential to take necessary steps to ensure the sound economic health of its citizens. Due to the chaotic and nonsta-tionary nature of the data, its prediction becomes a complicated task. Through the results obtained from various researches, it becomes evident that hybrid models have outperformed individual base learners in resembling the actual data generation process and forecasting future data. In this paper,an ensemble-based approach is adopted to enhance forecasting accuracy. The model is trained on the OHLC data (high, low, open, and close) of the previous day for enhanced exchange rate prediction of USD compared to different currencies. This paper applies a hybrid model of Convolution Neural Network ,Long Short Term Network and Support Vector Regression trained on the previous peak data. Results obtained after experiments indicate that a hybrid model improved the prediction accuracy when compared to individual models.
Music Genre Classifier using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Nagpal Sparsh
Published: June 2021

Audio data extraction and analysis is important and less explored compared to other forms of data. Here we use an Audio dataset (GTZan) to extract musical information and categorize the musical genre based on the parameters of audio. We compared the study on seven Machine learning algorithms and tested on unvisited user data to see the model performance seeing the algorithms’ accuracy ranging from 45% to 87%.
An Investigation on Factors affecting Construction Productivity
Authors: Ambekar Ajit
Published: June 2021

Productivity is important in construction. Construction productivity is a significant part of production for construction projects. In the construction industry, many external and internal factors are never constant and difficult to predict. This factor leads to a constant change in productivity. It is necessary to make sure that the reduction of construction productivity does not affect the plan and work schedule and does not cause delays. The consequences of these delays can lead to serious loss of money. In addition, significant costs can be saved if productivity is improved, as the same work can be done with less labor, thereby reducing the total cost of construction.
Related rights: conceptual approaches, definition and key features
Authors: Buzova Natalia V.
Published: June 2021

The development of technologies contributes to the emergence of new intangible objects that have potential value and are aimed at spreading the results of creativity and information. In this regard, the society is interested in encouraging the activities of entities that create such objects. One of the options for the protection of such objects is to grant the related rights. Considering the technological changes in society associated with the use of information and telecommunication networks and artificial intelligence, the issues of granting related rights to new entities gain relevance. In order to identify the possibility of expanding the institution of related rights and determine the directions of such expansion, the article analyzes the main approaches to the formation of the institute of related rights, their characteristics, and attempts to deliver a working definition of the concept of related rights. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the author considers Russian and foreign legislative acts in the field of intellectual property, international treaties on copyright and related rights, as well as legal literature. The most supported idea of the formation of the institute of related rights is the functional purpose of the activities of subjects of related rights, acting as intermediaries between authors and representatives of the public. However, the institute itself is evolving and recognition of related rights for new subjects depends not only on the functional purpose of the activity, but also on their organizational and/or economic contribution aimed at processing and disseminating works and information. It can be assumed that the institute of related rights will continue to expand with the development of technologies and the public demand for new services provided by new technologies.
Latvijas Neatkarības karš 1919.‒1920. gadā: savējo karavīru noziegumi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Vēstures un filozofijas fakultāte,, Jēkabsons Ēriks
Published: June 2021

Rakstā aplūkota situācija Latvijā Neatkarības kara laikā 1919.–1920. gadā no līdz šim nepētīta sociālās dzīves aspekta – Latvijas armijas karavīru veiktajiem noziegumiem pret civiliedzīvotājiem, kā piemēru izmantojot smagāko noziegumu analīzi. Secināts, ka Latvijas armijas karavīru noziegumi pret civiliedzīvotājiem, līdzīgi kā citu Eiropas valstu armijās, bija ilgstošās karadarbības un tās izraisītās demoralizācijas sekas, kam Latvijas gadījumā pievienojās arī vēsturiski sarežģītās attiecības ar vācbaltiešiem. Esošajā situācijā noziegumi tika izmeklēti, taču saņemtais sods bija neadekvāti viegls vai noziedzīgie nodarījumi netika sodīti vispār.
Vēsturisko ozolkoku dendrohronoloģiskās datēšanas pirmie rezultāti Latvijā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Latvijas vēstures institūts, Zunde Māris
Published: June 2021

Rakstā ir paskaidrota Baltijas teritorijā saglabājušos vēsturisko ozolkoka būvelementu koksnes gadskārtu platuma pārmaiņu dinamikas izpētes starptautiskā mēroga nozīme un uzrādīti pirmie Latvijā rezultāti, kas gūti ozolu gadskārtu absolūto ilggadējo hronoloģiju sastādīšanā. No vietējo ozolu gadskārtu platuma datiem sastādītās ilggadējās hronoloģijas ir izmantojamas ne vien citu ozolkoka darinājumu drošākai dendrohronoloģiskajai datēšanai, bet arī tālu transportētu ozola kokmateriālu izcelsmes rajona noskaidrošanai. Šī informācija ir nozīmīga koksnes eksporta vēstures izpētē. Pēdējos gados Latvijas Universitātes Latvijas vēstures institūta Dendrohronoloģijas laboratorijā ir sastādītas pirmās vietējo ozolu gadskārtu platuma indeksu vidējo indeksu laikrindas un hronoloģijas, kuras kopā attiecas uz laikposmu no 919. līdz 1731. gadam. Turpmāk tās ir plānots pakāpeniski pilnveidot, lai tās reāli varētu izmantot Latvijas teritorijā senāk augušu ozolu koksnes identificēšanai.
Parliamentary Threshold In Integrative Legal Perspective: Indonesian Case
Authors: Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: June 2021

The article aims at discussing the application of parliamentary threshold legal norms in an integrative legal perspective. Through historical, conceptual and statutory approaches, this study tries to examine holistically and prescriptively the dynamics of applying parliamentary thresholds in legislative elections. This article makes the thinking of leaders on integrative law a benchmark and an analytical knife. The results of this study demostrates that the application of parliamentary thresholds in elections based on an integrative legal perspective is not appropriate because it has not been able to guarantee the fulfillment of a sense of justice for all Indonesians because integrative law views a legal event as a comprehensive state of pros and cons. This research is expected to help academics and legal practitioners, especially with regard to election law to be able to dig out deeper into integrative law, not only from one or two experts, but from several other experts.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION. USING 3D PRINTERS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Building Constructions and Bridges, Havryliak Stepan
Published: June 2021

Technological processes in all branches of production are maximally automated in the world, this also applies to construction. The main driver of automation of construction processes is 3D printing technology. The first driver was the invention of stereolithography technology, which was discovered in 1986 by American engineer Chuck Hull. The article describes the process of 3D printing technology, using different materials and printing principles. The main 3D printing includes the application of the material in layers at high temperatures (for small plastic products) and layer by layer of concrete mix and geopolymer concrete when printing houses. The first to start using 3D printers in construction was the Chinese company Winsun. Also considered are building structures (buildings and structures) that were built using 3D printers, compared to their technical and economic indicators. The positive and negative aspects of the use of 3D printers in construction are studied. In the future, it is planned to study plastics of ABS and PLA brands to create structural building elements with the subsequent use of these elements in construction.
USING WASTEPAPER SLUDGE ASH (WSA) AS A MATERIAL FOR SOIL STRENGTHENING FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAYERS OF PAVEMENT
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Highways and Bridges, Solodkyy Serhiy , Hidei Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Highways and Bridges, Sidun Iurii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Highways and Bridges, Hunyak Oleksii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Building Production, Turba Yurii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Highways and Bridges
Published: June 2021

The article considers the possibility of using wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) as a soil reinforcement material for the construction of layers of road wear. Loamy sand, sandy loam, silty clay loam, silty clay were chosen as soils for strengthening. The maximum density of the soil skeleton at optimum humidity was established by the method of Proctor. Wastepaper sludge ash and Portland cement grade 400 were used separately for soil strengthening. Six compositions of strengthened soil for each type of soil were investigated according to the strength criterion of water-saturated samples at the age of seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days. The research results indicate that wastepaper sludge ash can be used to strengthen different types of soils with the achievement of following grades of stabilized soil: M10, M20, M40.
The Impact of Interest Rate, Inflation Rate, Time to Maturity and Bond Rating: Indonesia Case
Authors: Kusriyanto Dwi , Nelmida
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of interest rate, inflation rate, time of maturity, and bond rating on yield to maturity corporate bonds listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of data in this study is secondary data. The object of research is all corporate bonds of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015 - 2017. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a total of 70 bonds. This study used multiple regression analysis. Based on the results, shows that the Bank Indonesia interest rate, the maturity period has a positive effect on yield to maturity, while the bond rating does not affect yield to maturity. However, the inflation rate does not affect the yield to maturity. This result can be used by academics, investors and Regulators.
The Law Enforcement Of The Employees Social Security System In Indonesia: A Game Theory Perspective
Authors: Amsyari Randy , Dwi Kesumah Fajrin Satria
Published: June 2021

Insurance for the workers means a guarantee of safety for their works on the workplaces. It is necessarily crucial as workers need such a policy that can protect them from the loss. Indonesian government declare a policy that enact the act about National Social Security System (SJSN). The companies are the subject of this regulation, despite the fact at the initial implementation of this law enforcement brought to the pros and cons. Hence, the regulation also regulates for those who betray the policy will have to pay some certain amount of fine which in turn can harden them. The companies on the other side have a choice either to register or not their workers to SJSN as they still consider the premium they have to pay. This study aims to analyze the payoffs for both government and companies to be better off from the law enforcement. Game theory perspective is applied for the methodology of the study, particularly Subgame Perfection Nash Equilibrium (SPNE) and Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (BNE). The results present that in condition of an effective law enforcement at p, the firms will be beneficial from the SJSN policy by registering their workers and pay the premium, because if they do not pay the premium they have to pay additional amount of fine. On the other hand, if the policy is not effective with 1-p, the firms will have an advantage by not registering their employees to the SJSN as the law enforcement is not effective. Also, the government does not necessarily conduct an investigation as the cost is higher than the return that they will get.
Russian Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences and Humanities in Russia
Authors: Blinov A. N.
Published: June 2021

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The Constitutional Legal Mechanism of the Russian Federation Foreign Affairs (Theoretical Framework)
Authors: Pavlov E. Y.
Published: June 2021

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Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Ilia Chavchavadze: Patres Patriae
Authors: Gelashvili M.
Published: June 2021

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Russian-Polish Scientific Conference at MGIMO
Authors: Kochanovskaia I. E.
Published: June 2021

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Gallbladder agenesis and enterogastric reflux in an adult patient diagnosed by Tc99m HIDA SPECT-CT scintigraphy: a case report
Authors: Gillani Farkhanda , Imran Muhammad Babar , Gill Owais Qadeer , Amin Imran , Afzal Muhammad Shahzad
Published: June 2021

Background:

Gallbladder agenesis is an extremely rare, usually asymptomatic anatomic variation. Enterogastric reflux (EGR) in a patient with gallbladder agenesis was not reported previously. We report a rare case of EGR in a patient with gallbladder agenesis, diagnosed on 99mTc HIDA (hepatobilliary iminodiacetic acid) SPECT-CT (single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography) scintigraphy.

Case Presentation:

A 35-year-old female was referred to Nuclear Medicine Department for Tc99m HIDA scan. She had history of surgical exploration to remove the gallbladder due to suspicion of chronic cholecystitis. But intraoperatively gallbladder was not localized and the patient was referred for Tc99m HIDA scan. Tc99m HIDA scan along with SPECT-CT showed reflux of tracer into the stomach and non-visualized gallbladder. Further imaging by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed the diagnosis of congenital absence of the gallbladder.

Conclusion:

We conclude that 99mTc HIDA SPECT-CT scintigraphy is helpful in evaluating the true etiology of biliary colic. It should be cautiously reported, mentioning the EGR if present as it may be the true etiology of biliary colic in patients with and without gall bladder. It prevents the added morbidity of surgery, performed with the suspicion of cholecystitis.
The prevalence of anemia among children infected with Entamoeba histolytica in Baghdad
Authors: Zeki Israa Naif , Al-Warid Harith Saeed
Published: June 2021

The relation between Entamoeba histolytica and anemia has lately had much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the possible correlation between anemia and parasitic intestinal infection with E.histolytica in children from Baghdad-Iraq. This study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 in different hospitals, primary health care centers, and primary schools. Eighty-one children participated in this study and their ages were between 1 and 12 years. The participants were divided into two groups based on their general microscopic stool examination. The first group was diagnosed as E.histolytica infected group (n=47), while no pathogens were detected in the stool samples of the second group which was considered as a healthy control (n=34). Blood samples were taken from all subjects and tested for haemoglobin level, serum ferritin, serum iron, total binding iron capacity (TBIC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Nutritional status was also evaluated for all children aged â‰¥5 years old. Results showed that the prevalence of anemia was higher in children infected with E.histolytica compared with the control subjects. Anemia was largely reported among children aged 1-3 years for both E.histolytica infected children and control subjects. The results also illustrated that both haemoglobin and iron levels were significantly (pË‚0.05) lower in E.histolytica infected children compared with control subjects, while non-significant differences (pËƒ0.05) were observed in the level of ferritin between E.histolytica infected children and control subjects, although the ferritin was lower in E.hisolytica infected group. The results showed that both gender and age are significantly related to low serum iron levels in both infected and control groups.  Significant relationshipswere also noticed between each of the anemia types and the nutritional status with the E.histolytca infection. Microcytic anemia as well as high records of severe malnutrition were observed in the majority of E. histolytica infected children

These findings indicate that anemia is more expected to be present in children infected with E.histolytica. Therefore, efforts should be focused on health education of populations at high risk of both anemia and E.histolytica.
Emergency remote teaching in Greece during the first period of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic
Authors:   1o Gymnasioum Syrou, ITYE DIOFANTUS, Syros 84100, Greece, Tzimopoulos Nikos , Petros Provelengios ,   Educational Coordinator, PDE South Aegean, Syros 84100, Greece, Maria Iosofidou ,   Primary School Poseidwnias, PDE South Aegean, Syros 84100, Greece
Published: June 2021

During the first period of the covid-19 pandemic, schools in Greece suspended the face-to-face operation for about three months, and teachers were called in an emergency to adjust the teaching methods remotely. The educational community was called to deal with this emergency with the primary goal to maintain students’ contact with the educational process. The urgent use of distance communication and teaching forms was a project with many difficulties for teachers, students, and parents. In all this transition process, the practice and learning communities that teachers themselves organized were crucial. The Greek eTwinning community immediately implemented three MOOC seminars (Mass Open Online Courses), which were designed to assist them in the use and pedagogical utilization of distance education tools. More than 30,000 teachers participated in these seminars. In this paper, we present the results of a survey conducted on a sample of 1080 Greek teachers, members of the eTwinning community, and we describe how they dealt with remotely teaching. The research refers to tools used, the distance communication content, and the difficulties encountered to implement the whole project.