bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Lu , Sanders Leslie , Li Kay , Chow James C L
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Chatbot is a timely topic applied in various fields, including medicine and health care, for human-like knowledge transfer and communication. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has been proven particularly applicable in health care, with the ability for complex dialog management and conversational flexibility.

OBJECTIVE

This review article aims to report on the recent advances and current trends in chatbot technology in medicine. A brief historical overview, along with the developmental progress and design characteristics, is first introduced. The focus will be on cancer therapy, with in-depth discussions and examples of diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, patient support, workflow efficiency, and health promotion. In addition, this paper will explore the limitations and areas of concern, highlighting ethical, moral, security, technical, and regulatory standards and evaluation issues to explain the hesitancy in implementation.

METHODS

A search of the literature published in the past 20 years was conducted using the IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID databases. The screening of chatbots was guided by the open-access Botlist directory for health care components and further divided according to the following criteria: diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, support, workflow, and health promotion.

RESULTS

Even after addressing these issues and establishing the safety or efficacy of chatbots, human elements in health care will not be replaceable. Therefore, chatbots have the potential to be integrated into clinical practice by working alongside health practitioners to reduce costs, refine workflow efficiencies, and improve patient outcomes. Other applications in pandemic support, global health, and education are yet to be fully explored.

CONCLUSIONS

Further research and interdisciplinary collaboration could advance this technology to dramatically improve the quality of care for patients, rebalance the workload for clinicians, and revolutionize the practice of medicine.
The impact of the COVID-19 "Infodemic" on Well-being: Social media practices during the pandemic - a cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Elbarazi Iffat , Saddik Basema , Grivna Michal , Aziz Faisal , Al Souri Deena , Stip Emmanuel , Bendak Enes
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic created a crisis in the world of information and digital literacy. The amount of misinformation surrounding COVID-19 that has circulated through social media (SM) since January 2020 is notably significant and it has been linked to rising levels of anxiety and fear amongst SM users. The COVID-19 'infodemic' was singled out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and several newly published studies as one of the causes of anxiety, depression, and fear amongst the global population

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess SM practices during COVID-19 and investigates their impact on well-being.

METHODS

An online infodemic cross-sectional survey was distributed via different SM platforms in the United Arab Emirates and other countries. Adults above 18 years of age were invited to complete an online survey that covered multiple domains, including the WHO-5 Well-being Index.

RESULTS

The study sheds light on the use of SM during the pandemic and its impact on well-being throughout the novel coronavirus pandemic. Out of 993 participants, 73% were females, 76% were non-Emirati, 91% university graduates, and 50% were employed in various occupations, of which 20% were health care professionals. Participants indicated that they acquired COVID-19 related information primarily from social media, of which WhatsApp was the most accessed. Most participants reported sharing the information after the verification. The mean well-being score was 12.6 ±5.6 with 49% of participants had poor well-being (WHO-5 score <12.5). The adjusted linear regression showed that Facebook usage was negatively associated with well-being score. Also, high time-usage was associated with poorer well-being. When adjusting for other factors, including low confidence in information around COVID-19 and poor knowledge overall, SM usage was significantly associated with poorer well-being

CONCLUSIONS

Social media practices during emergencies and disasters may impact public well-being. Authorities are advised to step in to minimize the spread of misinformation and more frequent use of social media, as it may influence well-being leading to increased levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. Public health specialists, information technology and communication experts should collaborate to limit the infodemic effect on communities.
Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Globba patens Miq. Rhizome against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Lutfia Anisa , Munir Erman , Yurnaliza Yurnaliza , Basyuni Mohammad
Published: February 2021

The emergence of bacterial infections caused by resistant strains poses a threat to the development of new antibiotics. The majority of antibiotics being produced has been accelerated through the finding of newly reported natural products, especially those originated and produced by biological sources. Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants may be regarded as potential sources and encourage the exploration of more plant species for their antimicrobial activity. Our current study reports on the assemblage of endophytic fungi that colonize the rhizomes, using Globba patens a representative of Zingiberaceous species from North Sumatra. Twenty-six fungal morphotypes were obtained and differentiated by their morphological features. Each isolate was tested against human pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 29213™, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC® 43300™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) K11 in a dual culture assay. The results revealed that the majority of fungal isolates were strong antagonists against S. aureus and E. coli but not against MRSA and EPEC. Isolate Gp07 was the most potential fungus with a wide range of antibacterial activities and was subjected to further species-level identification based on its morphological characteristics and DNA sequence in the ITS-rDNA region. The isolate Gp07 was identified as Colletotrichum siamense, yet the presence of C. siamense in the rhizome of G. patens is not fully understood while possibly being characterized as the antibiotics-producing agent in the future.
Microalloying effects on structure-forming processes during hot plastic deformation
Authors: Korotovskaya S. V. , Sych O. V. , Khlusova E. I. , Novoskoltsev N. S.
Published: February 2021

The kinetics of austenite grains' growth upon heating has been investigated, and the processes of dynamic and static recrystallization occurring under different modes of plastic deformation (reduction pattern, deformation temperature) of high-strength steels with various microalloying complexes have been studied. The research made it possible to reveal the thermal deformation conditions for the formation of a finely dispersed homogeneous structure of steel. Technological recommendations have been developed for the production of high-strength steels depending on their microalloying (vanadium, niobium).
Research and analysis of methods for preventing silver alloys from tarnishing
Authors: Tyurina S. A. , Chavushyan S. L. , Makarova A. V. , Khvostov R. E. , Yudin G. A.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines factors causing the darkening of items made of silver alloys in showcases and storehouses of museums, the authors analyze methods to prevent this undesirable process. The results of studies of different methods for preventing tarnishing of silver alloys are also presented.
Prospects for the creation of high-temperature heatresistant alloys based on refractory matrices and natural composites
Authors: Kablov E. N. , Bondarenko Yu. A. , Kolodyazhny M. Yu. , Surova V. A. , Narsky A. R.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the scientific, technical and technological aspects in the field of creating new high-temperature materials for parts of the hot section of gas turbine engines (GTE) with operating temperatures exceeding those existing in GTE. More refractory metallic materials for the creation of new high-heat-resistant alloys used for the manufacture of rotor and nozzle blades and other parts of promising gas turbine engines based on NiAl-Ni3Al, Co-Cr-Re, Pt-Al, Nb-Si, Mo-Si-B systems have been investigated. It is shown that, depending on the composition of the selected matrix, the working temperature of heat-resistant alloys increases to 1300-1500°С, which is significantly higher than the existing nickel heat-resistant alloys.
Influence of the composition of α-titanium alloys on thermal conductivity
Authors: Schastlivaya I. A. , Leonov V. P. , Tretyakov I. V. , Askinazi A. Yu.
Published: February 2021

Among titanium alloys, modern α- and pseudo-α-alloys occupy a special place due to the unique combination of their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, low density and high specific strength, which determines their effectiveness in various industries. Analysis of structural materials used for heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants showed that the increase in the efficiency and compactness of tube systems made of a-titanium alloys is constrained by their thermal conductivity characteristic, which does not exceed 89 W/(m·K) at a temperature of 20°C. An exception is the VT1-0 grade alloy, the scope of which is limited to a maximum operating temperature of no more than 250°C. The paper considers the results of studies of a new titanium alloy of the Ti-Zr-Al-O composition with increased thermal conductivity for pipe systems of power equipment.
The reputation of horticulture – an internal view of the industry
Authors: Isaak Marike , Brenneke Iris , Lentz Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

The reputation of an industry represents an important strategic resource and this has already been highlighted in the past for the horticulture sector. However, the heterogeneity of horticulture makes it difficult for the industry to be perceived by society. An online survey was conducted to identify the most important characteristics of horticulture and to identify the reasons for its good or bad reputation. For this purpose, 102 experts – consultants from the horticultural industry – were asked to describe horticulture and the reputation of the industry. An evaluation of the survey, based on a qualitative content analysis using inductive category formation, indicated that horticulture is primarily associated with its diverse activities and various product groups. In terms of the product groups, the focus is on food products. The reputation of the industry is rated as ‘slightly positive’ on a 7-point Likert scale, with an average of 4.4.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pregnancy and Emerging Therapeutic Drug Development Options
Authors: Abbas-Hanif Allyah , Rezai Homira , Ahmed Asif
Published: February 2021

Emerging data shows pregnant women with COVID-19 are at significantly
higher risk of severe outcomes compared to non-pregnant women of similar
age. This review discusses the invaluable insight revealed from vaccine
clinical trials in women who were vaccinated and inadvertently became
pregnant during the trial period. It further explores a number of
clinical avenues in their management and proposes a drug development
strategy in-line with clinical trials for vaccines and drug treatments
for the drug development community. Little is known of the long-term
effects of COVID-19 on the mother and the baby. We provide a rationale
for our hypothesis that COVID-19 predisposes pregnant women to
cardiovascular diseases later in life, in a similar way, to preeclampsia
and may increase the risk of preeclampsia in their subsequent pregnancy.
This is an ever-evolving landscape and early knowledge for healthcare
providers and drug innovators is offered to ensure benefits outweigh the
risks.
An approach to building heritage and its preservation in Serbia and surrounding areas
Authors: Curcic Aleksandra , Momcilovic-Petronijevic Ana , Toplicic-Curcic Gordana , Kekovic Aleksandar
Published: February 2021

Cultural heritage represents a unique and irreplaceable cultural value of a
nation. Preservation and protection of cultural heritage is an important
moral role of the entire modern society. The paper singles out the notion of
vernacular architecture and traditional houses as a significant part of the
architectural heritage. The case study includes examples of traditional
houses in Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. The current condition of buildings,
their purpose, the degree of preservation, as well as the applied methods of
protection are considered in more detail. By analyzing examples of positive
and negative practice, conclusions were drawn about the active approach to
the architectural heritage of these countries. The goal of this paper is to
consider the approach to the preservation of vernacular architecture and the
relationship of these countries to this form of cultural heritage. The
methods used in the paper are analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis,
modeling method and case study.
Achillea clypeolata Sibth. & Sm. essential oil composition and QSRR model for predicting retention indices
Authors: Acimovic Milica , Pezo Lato , Cvetkovic Mirjana , Stankovic Jovana , Cabarkapa Ivana
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was the prediction model of retention indices of compounds from the aboveground parts of Achillea clypeolata Sibth. & Sm. essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC?MS. The quantitative structure?retention relationship analysis was applied in order to anticipate the retention time of the obtained compounds. The selection of the seven molecular descriptors was done by a genetic algorithm. The chosen descriptors were uncorrelated and were used to construct an artificial neural network. A total of 40 experimentally obtained retention indices was used to build this prediction model. The coefficient of determination for the training, testing and validation cycles were: 0.950, 0.825 and 1.000, respectively, indicating that this model could be used for prediction of retention indices for A. clypeolata, essential oil compounds.
Children’s comprehension of the verbal aspect in Serbian
Authors: Savic Maja , Popovic Masa , Andjelkovic Darinka
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate how Serbian native speaking preschool children comprehend perfective and imperfective aspect in comparison to adults. After watching animated movies with complete, incomplete and unstarted actions, the participants were asked questions with a perfective or imperfective verb form and responded by pointing to the event(s) that corresponded to each question. The results converged to a clear developmental trend in understanding of aspectual forms. The data indicate that the acquisition of perfective precedes the acquisition of imperfective: 3-year-olds typically understand only the meaning of perfective; most 5-year-olds have almost adult-like understanding of both aspectual forms, while 4-year-olds are a transitional group. Our results support the viewpoint that children?s and adults? representations of this language category differ qualitatively, and we argue that mastering of aspect semantics is a longterm process that presupposes a certain level of cognitive and pragmatic development, and lasts throughout the preschool period.
Type 1 Diabetes Management With Technology: Patterns of Utilization and Effects on Glucose Control Using Real-World Evidence
Authors: Sun Ran , Banerjee Imon , Sang Shengtian , Joseph Jennifer , Schneider Jennifer , Hernandez-Boussard Tina
Published: February 2021

This retrospective cohort study evaluated diabetes device utilization and the effectiveness of these devices for newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Investigators examined the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), and multiple daily injection (MDI) insulin regimens and their effects on A1C. The researchers identified 6,250 patients with type 1 diabetes, of whom 32% used CGM and 37.1% used CSII. A higher adoption rate of either CGM or CSII in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes was noted among White patients and those with private health insurance. CGM users had lower A1C levels than nonusers (P = 0.039), whereas no difference was noted between CSII users and nonusers (P = 0.057). Furthermore, CGM use combined with CSII yielded lower A1C than MDI regimens plus SMBG (P <0.001).
ALLOMORPHIC FEATURES OF STYLISTICALLY MARKED INVERTED SYNTACTIC MODELS (WITH REFERENCE TO ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN FICTION TEXTS)
Authors: Tolochko Orest
Published: February 2021

The article elucidates allomorphic syntactic models with inversion in English and Ukrainian, as Indo-European languages of different groups. The key emphasis is put on the expressive potential of these syntactic structures, while taking into account their frequency and distributional behavior as well. The latter show direct dependence of inverted constructions stylistic connotation upon the word order patterns of a specific language and determine an extent of expressive colouring of particular cases of inversion. The allomorpism of this linguistic category in English and Ukrainian manifests itself in syntactic models. The latter acquire a special status in English due to the limitation of their usage in fiction texts. This feature is not typical of the Ukrainian Language. The constructions with an introductory there, emphatic do and a prepositional position constitute distinctive English structures; the syntactic models with existential and movement semantics display allomorphic parameters typical of Ukrainian. The two languages text systems, though, require complex consideration from the point of view of different language levels in the micro- and macrocontextual framework as a key factor complementing the discourse expressiveness.
SAFETY CULTURE: THE INTERNATIONAL ASPECT
Authors: Abiltarova Elviza , Krzymowski Adam
Published: February 2021

The article provides a theoretical analysis of international documents regarding the origin and formation of the definition of “safety culture”. It was found that the concept under study was first defined by the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The main international aspects of using the concept of “safety culture” are considered such as: organizational culture, harmonized safety culture. It was revealed that later the term “safety culture” began to appear in the documents of the International Labor Organization and was subsequently transformed into the culture of preventive measures in labor protection, the culture of occupational safety and health prevention. The work uses theoretical research methods such as: analysis, systematization and generalization of international documents, regulatory environment and scientific publications, classification, comparison, comparative analysis. It is concluded that it is necessary to conduct research related to the formation of safety culture among specialists in the field of occupational safety and health. The research results can be used as a theoretical basis for the development of conceptual provisions of safety culture formation.
ACTIVITIES OF THE ALL-UKRAINIAN NETWORK OF THE OBSERVATION POINTS (1920’S – 1930’S)
Authors: Mamrai Vita
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the history of formation and development of agricultural research work – a component of the culture of agronomy, which was considered the basis of the agriculture. Despite the organizational and financial difficulties, the research work had developed. The flourishing of research in Ukraine fell on 20-30’s of the 20th century. At this time in the agrarian science of Ukraine there were the significant scientific and organizational changes, as a result of which the priorities in the tasks of research institutions changed and practice began to dominate over theoretical developments. In the conditions of agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, successful control of the pests and plant diseases was the key to ensuring a good harvest. But the struggle without knowledge of the conditions of development of the pests or pathogens of the plant diseases, was a measure only of a palliative nature. The correct and expedient control of the plant diseases required knowledge of the course of development of the disease, the time of its occurrence, the prevalence and harmfulness and many other aspects of biological and economic nature.
ROLE OF RESOURCE – TECHNOLOGICAL MECHANISM IN DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTORAL COMMUNICATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Mikhailov Maksym
Published: February 2021

Digital transformations taking place in Ukraine require public authorities to be effective and active position of the civil society. In this case, joint activities become the basis for implementation of respective public policy on central, regional and local levels. Mechanisms of digital democracy should accelerate introduction of electronic elections in Ukraine, improve quality of electoral communication between voters and the candidates for public office. Public institutions also strengthen existing and operating digital technologies in public authorities at the same time contributing to formation of innovative technologies, both for the state and for separate settlements. In his article, the author outlines existing trends in this area of activity in order to consolidate efforts to improve the quality of electoral communication and introduce electronic elections in Ukraine. It is new digital tools, communication services and open platforms that can provide new innovative solutions to increase political participation and involve citizens into the electoral processes, helping to increase level of trust, transparency and accountability within the democratic system. The author, referring to the European Parliament Resolution of 16 March 2017 on E-democracy in the EU, outlining future potential of digital democracy, in particular the use of digital communication as its key feature, stating that many examples of national, regional and local digital participation can serve as examples of how digital (information and communication) technologies are used in E-democracy and encourage further development of such practices at the national and local levels in Ukraine
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL TRENDS OF WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Storozhev Roman
Published: February 2021

At the current stage of Ukrainian state integration into European community, country leaders face new challenges that require improving efficiency of public management and public administration based on democracy and human-centeredness. Urgency of public leadership development in Ukraine is closely related to the foreign countries’ experience study on the mechanisms of formation and development of public leadership, characterized by a high level of moral values, responsibility, communication, modesty. The new management paradigm, being introduced in public administration and public management in Ukraine, also requires introduction of new qualities in public leadership, manifested through establishment of moral values in the leader’s personality, leader’s behavior in public service reform. According to the author, such qualities of leadership as delegation of powers in public authorities, intersectoral cooperation in public administration determine development of leadership in the context of educational trends in foreign countries. The author believes that today an important aspect in the development of public leadership is the mobilization aspect of the efforts of all leaders and subordinates of public authorities and leaders of civil society institutions to overcome crises and do complex reforms in public administration. Such crises include ensuring stability in global fight against the GOVID-19 pandemic. However, problem of public leadership development in this aspect has not been properly reflected in modern scientific sources. The article reveals priority models of public leadership of Western European countries as a prerequisite for formation of successful personality, successful leadership qualities, the trend of which is such an important factor as publicity, because before the 90s of the twentieth century not all government officials in European countries were public.
Potential Legal Challenges for Blockchain Technology in Competition Law
Authors: Hutchinson Christophe S. , Egorova Maria A.
Published: February 2021

Since decentralized organizations such as blockchain are not recognized as legal persons, questions arise regarding the ability to detect anti-competitive practices and their perpetrators. Under certain circumstances, if a competitor is unreasonably refused in access to technology, it may well be interpreted as creating an obstacle to his/her entry into the market, which may constitute a violation of the legislation of a country on the protection of economic competition. The exchange of information between players of the same market can present antitrust risks if it helps to fix prices for their products/services or to establish other forms of coordination between such players. The purpose of this study is to provide a description of current EU anticompetitive practices in the field of blockchain-technologies application, as well as to identify challenges in the EU antitrust law related to the emergence of blockchain. This article highlights the challenges blockchain poses for analyzing unilateral anti-competitive practices. This study suggests that EU competition law has a lack of operational and measurement tools to map competitive interactions taking place outside the relevant market, which could lead to rather short-sighted competition law enforcement focusing only on horizontal competition restrictions on relevant markets. The relevance of the topic is associated with the fact that the increased popularity of the use of blockchain technology requires an answer to the question of its legal nature and inclusion in the legal field in order to balance the interests of all parties to economic and legal relations.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ca(NO3)2 Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Selada Kriting (Lactuca Sativa L.) pada Sistem Hidroponik Deep Flow Technique (DFT)
Authors: SURYANTINI NI NYOMAN , WIJANA GEDE , DWIYANI RINDANG
Published: February 2021

The Effect of Addition of Ca(NO3)2 to the Results of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Hydroponic System of Deep Flow Technique (DFT). Plants, in general, require composition, concentration, and volume of nutrient solutions which different depends on the type and phase of plant growth. Leaf vegetable crops such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) require higher Nitrogen (N) nutrients than other vegetable crops, but the problem we faced at the moment is the hydroponic nutrients that are traded only in the general form of nutrient, therefore the addition of N nutrients in the form of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) needs to be done to meet the needs of lettuce plants. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the addition of Ca(NO3)2 and to find the optimum dosage of the addition of Ca(NO3)2 to the general hydroponic nutrition of vegetables on lettuce use DFT hydroponic system. The treatments consisted of five levels which are nutrition AB Mix general vegetable as a control, and nutrition AB Mix with the addition of 30 g, 60 g, 90 g, and 120 g Ca(NO3)2.  The results of the observation showed that the treatment of the addition of Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer had a very significant effect on all observed variables, except for the diameter of the lettuce plant. The optimum addition of Ca(NO3)2 for lettuce was found at 90.04 g with a maximum yield of 207.92 g.
The Effect of Intervening Tax Avoidance on Leverage on Firm Value
Authors: Wijaya Melinda , Bernawati Yustrida
Published: February 2021

This study aims to prove the effect of leverage on firm value empirically using tax avoidance as an intervening variable. This study uses company objects listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample used was 66 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2016-2018, which were selected by purposive sampling method, and the number of sample data was 198 data. The firm value variable is measured by price to book value, which was tested using linear regression using SPSS 23 and path analysis. The test results show that: (1) leverage has a significant effect on tax avoidance. (2) leverage and tax avoidance have a significant effect on firm value. (3) the tax avoidance variable cannot be proven as a variable that mediates leverage and firm value.

Keywords: Leverage; Tax Avoidance; Firm Value.
Paraparesis due to ischemic lumbosacral Radiculoplexopathy
Authors: Vilabril Filipa , Melo Jorge Rocha , Rodrigues Margarida Ramos , Macedo Carlos Sampaio , Miranda1 Carla , Dias Lúcia
Published: February 2021

Background:

Lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy (LSRP) is a rare entity, with several etiologies described in the literature. Vascular lesions to the lower part of the aorta and the common iliac artery can cause LSRP of ischemic etiology.

Clinical Presentation:

A 66-year-old man with a previous history of peripheral obstructive arterial disease (POAD) requiring aortobifemoral and femoropopliteal procedures had a prolonged hospital stay due to various complications: stent infection and occlusion, aortoenteric fistula causing hemorrhagic shock, transmetatarsal amputation of the right foot. In this context, he underwent multiple endovascular procedures. At discharge, the patient presented flaccid paraparesis, distal bilateral hypoesthesia, saddle anesthesia and urinary and anal incontinence. Spinal cord infarction was excluded. An electromyographic study confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral LSRP of ischemic etiology.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of including ischemic etiology as a differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries, namely in patients with POAD.
LA PROPUESTA METAFÍSICA DE ZUBIRI, ESBOZADA DESDE EL PROBLEMA DE LA INTELECCIÓN
Authors: Hernanz Moral José Antonio
Published: February 2021

La metafísica de Zubiri se centra en el valor teórico de la idea de “sustantividad”, frente a la de “sustancia” que desde Aristóteles ha sido para muchos autores el cimiento sobre el que se construye la filosofía primera. Este novedoso planteamiento surge de una reconfiguración de la idea misma de metafísica, que se exige por una parte una orientación fenomenológica ( en el caso de Zubiri bastante heterodoxa) y por otra la coherencia con la ciencia. Este artículo ratrea y revisa la relación entre la categoría “sustantividad” y los tres momentos en los que se da la intelección sentiente, “aprehensión primordial de la realidad”, “logos” y “razón”.
DE LA FILOSOFÍA DE LA TÉCNICA A LA FILOSOFÍA COMO METATÉCNICA
Authors: Fisher Jaime
Published: February 2021

Se intenta transitar desde una reflexión sobre la técnica hacia una concepción de la filosofía misma como la técnica que permite evaluar toda acción humana en el mundo, i. e. como metatécnica. Ala vez, se intenta sostener que hoy esa metatécnica ha de ser entendida como filosofía política.
Se intenta transitar desde una reflexión sobre la técnica hacia una concepción
Authors: Díaz Carvajal Elsa María
Published: February 2021

En este documento intentaremos exponer algunos de los hitos implicados en el desarrollo de la teoría de la metáfora de Ricoeur. El primero es la relación del discurso con la realidad, el segundo, aborda el problema de la referencia del enunciado metafórico. En La metáfora viva, Paul Ricoeur encuentra un camino discursivo para explicitar cómo a través de la significación metafórica podemos ver una realidad distinta de la representada por el lenguaje ordinario. En el enunciado metafórico, dice Ricoeur, se opera una transposición de sentido, producida por las connotaciones de los términos en el conjunto del enunciado por la que es posible la innovación semántica; éste es el sentido de la “metáfora viva”. La metáfora tiene una referencia de segundo grado por la que se nos ofrece la re-descripción de la realidad. La teoría de la metáfora de Ricoeur no se sitúa en la semántica, sino que se dirige a la hermenéutica en donde la metáfora es concebida como una obra, producto del discurso, con implicaciones prácticas, pues la re-descripción de la realidad nos muestra un mundo posible donde vivir.
ARTE, ONTOLOGÍA Y HERMENEÚTICA
Authors: Juan Gil Natalia
Published: February 2021

El ensayo es una reflexión que gira alrededor de la relación entre arte y filosofía, e intenta responder al planteamiento de si en nuestra actual condición post-moderna, aún es posible sostener algunos preceptos metafísicos en la tarea de pensar el arte. Para ello parte de algunas premisas que autores como Nietzsche y Heidegger formularon alrededor de la práctica y función del arte, donde la tarea hermenéutica se establece como rasgo prioritariamente ontológico, a la vez que epistemológico, en tanto una vía alterna para acceder a la verdad y al conocimiento. El ensayo explora en un sintético recorrido esa línea teórica abierta por estos dos pensadores hasta llegar al planteamiento de Gilles Deleuze y su concepción del arte como un acontecimiento, cuya naturaleza propia responde más al sentido del devenir en que se constituye la existencia.
LUGAR Y SIGNIFICADO DEL COMPENDIO DI ETICA Y DE LA STORIA DELL ́ ETICA DE ANTONIO ROSMINI
Authors: Buganza Jacob
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo, Buganza presenta la traducción de la última parte del Compendio di etica de Antonio Rosmini, la cual se titula Storia dell ́etica. Se trata, en suma, de un breve esquema de la historia de la ética, donde el autor destaca los principales momentos que, de acuerdo con él, tienen una importancia decisiva para la configuración ética posterior. Antes de hallar la traducción, el lector podrá encontrar situado el texto antedicho mediante un breve comentario de parte del traductor.
EL MUNDO DE LA VIDA COMO POSIBILIDAD PARA UN PLANTEAMIENTO ALTERNATIVO SOBRE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS SOCIEDADES DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Authors: Jara Fuentes Omar de Jesús
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo intento señalar la posibilidad de un planteamiento nuevo sobre los derechos humanos, ya no desde la naturaleza humana, aceptada o rechazada, si no, más bien, desde el planeta en el que vivimos, es decir, desde el mundo de vida que compartimos, todo esto en relación con las sociedades del conocimiento y desde el planteamiento de Hannah Arendt.
APUNTES HERMENÉUTICOS A LA DIFERENCIA EN EL USO DE LA ANALOGÍA EN LEIBNIZ Y LA ANALOGÍA EN KANT
Authors: Mendoza Rubén
Published: February 2021

Uno de los temas centrales en hermenéutica es, sin duda, la analogía. Este concepto se nos muestra como un elemento constitutivo en la explicación del acto interpretativo y, sobre todo, en la construcción de conocimiento. Tanto Leibniz como Kant, ocuparon la analogía para elaborar algunas explicaciones filosóficas con relación al entendimiento humano, donde el primero ocupa la analogía de proporción y el segundo la analogía de atribución. Con estos apuntes, se quiere destacar la importancia de esta categoría como una de las más importantes entro de la Historia del pensamiento Occidental.
POBLACIONES DE MODELOS Y DINÁMICAS CIENTÍFICAS
Authors: Casanueva Mario , Méndez Diego Carlos
Published: February 2021

El trabajo contribuye al desarrollo de una epistemología evolucionista de teorías científicas, desde una perspectiva cerana a la del Programa Estructuralista. Introduce herramientas metateóricas diferentes a las que propone el Programa, pero que guardan afinidades estrechas con las del estructuralismo. Se argumenta a favor de reconstruir modelos teóricos como grafos representacionales en lugar de predicados conjuntistas. El trabajo introduce los términos "población de modelos" y "dominio temático", y pormenoriza las semejanzas y diferencias que guardan, respectivamente, con las nociones estructuralistas de red teórica y holón teórico. También se explora la idea de nicho conceptual, en tanto región análoga en las estructuras de los modelos que componen una población. Finalmente, el texto discute la pertinencia del apartado propuesto para dar cuenta de los mecanismos y patrones de la evolución teórica en ciencias.
EL PROBLEMA DE LA DIFERENCIABILIDAD DE LA PREFERENCIA
Authors: García de la Sienra Adolfo
Published: February 2021

La meta de este artículo es plantear un problema en los fundamentos de la teoría del consumidor. El problema es si es posible determinar una condición empíricamente significativa sobre la relación de preferencia del consumidor -aunque sea idealizada- que garantice la existencia de una función de utilidad continuamente diferenciable que represente dicha relación.
DESARROLLO GENÉTICO DE LA NOCIÓN DE "SUSTANTIVIDAD" EN EL SISTEMA FILOSÓFICO DE XAVIER ZUBIRI
Authors: Hernanz Moral José Antonio
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se pone en perspectiva genética uno de los conceptos clave de la filosofía de Zubiri, la "sustantividad". Aquí, se busca entenderlo en la dinámica de las tres etapas de su producción intelectual y atender a la consolidación y matizaciónes que experimenta a medida que el propio pensamiento zubiriano va madurando, de suerte qu a partir de una preocupación, eminentemente antropológica, el término va consolidándose en el conjunto de la filosofía primera de este autor, hasta el punto de resultar crucial para entender su propuesta sobre la inteligencia, la realidad y el propio ser humano.
ÉTER, MATERIA Y MOVIMIENTO EN LA FILOSOFÍA NATURAL DE RENÉ DESCARTES
Authors: Sampieri Cábal Rubén
Published: February 2021

La teoría de la materia de René descartes incluye una explicación sobre el origen de los elementos en la que aparece expresado por primera vez en su formulación moderna el concepto de éter y proyectada su metafísica de la extensión. El presente texto expone las líneas generales de la mencionada teoría para mostrar cómo el mecanismo cartesiano y la metafísica de la extensión guardan una armonía en términos de metateoría y movimiento y prefiguran de manera definitiva algunas de las propiedades e interpretaciones entre ellas las teológicas, que el éter conservara en posteriores teorías.
Algunos apuntes sobre la elección de sistemas lógicos
Authors: Castro Manzano José Martín
Published: February 2021

Asumiendo el planteamiento general del pluralismo lógico, en esta contribución presentamos los resultados de una serie de entrevistas a un conjunto de lógicas y lógicos de México. Las entrevistas han sido diseñadas ex professo para aplicar la técnica del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico y con ello obtener modelos de decisión para observar las razones detrás de la elección de un sistema lógico. Como consecuencia de estos modelos presentamos algunas ideas sobre una noción de pluralismo lógico.
Sobre una extraña dialéctica tras la hermenéutica analógica
Authors: Beuchot Puente Mauricio
Published: February 2021

Este artículo versa sobre la dialéctica que se ha encontrado dentro del concepto de la analogía. Es una dialéctica diferente, porque no hace síntesis, como la usual, hegeliana, sino que permanece abierta, preservando las diferencias, y haciendo que los opuestos colaboren entre sí.
Antonio Rosmini: una nueva metafísica del ser
Authors: Mondin Battista
Published: February 2021

Presentamos la traducción del capítulo correspondiente a la metafísica de Antonio Rosmini que se halla en la imponente obra de Battista Mondin Storia della metafisica. Esta obra presenta el pensamiento metafísico de los más insignes filósofos occidentales, desde los orígenes hasta nuestros días. Es una obra que abarca, en sus tres volúmenes, unas tres mil cuartillas, y su traducción es objeto de este traductor. Como adelanto, presentamos el capítulo que elabora el filósofo véneto sobre el filósofo roveretano. Como el resto de los capítulos de su obra, el correspondiente a Rosmini posee las características de la claridad expositiva y la precisión en el uso de los conceptos. Para todo aquel interesado en la metafísica en general, y especialmente en la metafísica cristiana, este documento ha de resultar de sumo interés.
De Kraalen and Witrivier Greenstone Belts, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa: Characterisation of the Palaeo-Mesoarchaean evolution by rutile and zircon U-Pb geochronology combined with Hf isotopes
Authors: van Schijndel V. , Stevens G. , Lana C. , Zack T. , Frei D.
Published: February 2021

The formation and evolution of Palaeoarchaean De Kraalen and Witrivier Greenstone Belts (DKGB and WGB) of the Kaapvaal Craton are poorly known. Here we report zircon and rutile in situ U-Pb ages and zircon Hf isotopic data from a variety of supracrustal rocks. The zircon cores from a metamafic amphibole-bearing gneiss from the DKGB give a protolith age of 3 441 ± 5 Ma, whereas the zircon mantle domains give a metamorphic age of 3 211 ± 16 Ma. The 176Hf/177Hft values for all zircon domains give a tight cluster around 0.280596 ± 0.00006 (2 SD).

U-Pb analyses of zircon for an amphibolite intercalated with thin calc-silicate layers from the WGB give a single crystallisation age of 3 230 ± 3 Ma, but the Hf isotope ratios of these zircon grains define two different populations. The first population yields 176Hf/177Hf~3.23 Ga = 0.28064 ± 0.00004, corresponding to εHf~3.23 Ga = 2.4 ± 1.9 (2SD) and Hf model ages between ca. 3.51 to 3.30 Ga. These are Hf isotope characteristics for zircons from a relatively juvenile source extracted from a depleted mantle source ca. 0.28 to 0.07 Ga prior zircon crystallisation. The second population yields 176Hf/177Hf~3.23 Ga = 0.28093 ± 0.00004 with εHf~3.23 Ga = 8.1 ± 1.3 (2SD). These Hf data combined with the 206Pb/207Pb ages lead to isotope ratios that lie above those of Depleted Mantle. The unusually high Hf isotope signature for the cores of the zircons from the WGB amphibolite most likely represent a contribution from an early highly depleted mantle source.

A rutile in situ U-Pb age of 3.085 Ga from a recrystallised quartzite indicate that the rocks from the DKGB experienced slow cooling following the 3.21 Ga metamorphic event or (partial) resetting due to elevated geothermal gradient caused by the ca. 3.1 Ga intrusions of the Vrede Granitiod Suite. The latter interpretation is preferred because ~145 Ma of slow cooling from the amphibolite facies conditions of peak metamorphism to the blocking temperature for mass diffusion of Pb in rutile is unlikely. While the Zr-in-rutile temperature of ca. 710°C at 7 kbar for DKGB most likely records the peak temperature of the ~3.23 to 3.21 Ga event.

The trace element concentrations of the metamorphic rutile grains within the quartzite of the DKGB indicate that the source rock was enriched in Cr. Either due to silification during hydrothermal alteration of the (ultra)mafic country rock or during deposition in an atmosphere that allowed for chromite grains to be part of the sediment.
O programa saúde na escola no combate de doenças precoces: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Ramos Lázaro Saluci , Viana Cristina Pereira Baiense , Polonini Jose Rodrigo Brioli , Saúde Lucas da Silva , Fontana Poliana Nicoli , Spínola Maurício Lopes , De Jesus Elba Corrêa , Ayres Elisangela Moraes , Da Costa Manoela Paz , Bahiense Eliana Bayerl Moreira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Intenta-se nesta revisão, apresentar o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) como alternativa às doenças precoces em crianças e adolescentes, e como o mesmo atua no campo da prevenção. Revisão Bibliográfica: O PSE atua em vários campos da saúde do aluno. Desde a saúde mental, passando pela saúde alimentar até os campos da saúde física. É imprescindível apresentar este programa como a melhor maneira de garantir a saúde das futuras gerações e como o mesmo pode ser fortalecido através de novas propostas de políticas públicas de saúde. O PSE atua em conjunto com a escola e une dois dos principais campos de responsabilidade do Estado, fazendo com que ambos caminhem em conjunto na busca por melhores condições para a sociedade. As atuações de profissionais da saúde na escola se dá através deste programa e inspira novos cuidados e novas práticas. Considerações finais: A literatura existente colabora para apresentar como o PSE atua nas escolas brasileiras e aponta a parte deficitária, onde novas propostas podem ser trabalhadas para melhorar a atuação do programa.
Oral glucose tolerance outcomes among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Calabar and environs – A pilot study
Authors: Inaku Kenneth Ogar , Ago Boniface Uji , Ene Asuquo Bassey , Eyam Eyam Sunday , Ekpe Lawson Ekpeni , Ogarekpe Yeonun Mba , Babatope Oluwakorede Ayodele , Agan Thomas Udagbor
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Dysglycemia is a common metabolic alteration during pregnancy with adverse effects on both mother and fetus. This is related to the fact that pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance which is a harbinger for hyperglycemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women in Calabar area using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) diagnostic values.

Material and Methods:

This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in four health facilities in Calabar and adjoining areas conducted from September 2018 to August 2019. All consenting pregnant women were given 75 g glucose in 250–300 mL of water after 8–10 h overnight fast, without regard to the presence or absence of GDM risk factors. GDM diagnosis was made if any of the following glucose values were met or exceeded: (1) Fasting >92 mg/dl, (2) 1 h post-glucose load >180 mg/ dl, and (3) 2 h post-glucose load >153 mg/dl. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 and results were presented using tables and a Venn diagram.

Results:

There were 345 pregnant women aged 18–50 (28.7 ± 6.3) years at 24–41 (29.6 ± 4.1) completed weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed in 48 (13.9%) women. Fasting plasma glucose cutoff diagnosed 81% while 37.5% and 50.0% met the diagnostic cutoff for 1 h and 2 h, respectively, and 15 (31.3%) women were positive for all three diagnostic cutoffs. Diabetes mellitus in a first-degree relative was the most common risk factor identified while hypertension in a first-degree relative and history of GDM was the least. Some 36.5% of women had no identifiable risk factors. Those who had positive fasting plasma glucose only (6.1%) were more than twice those diagnosed by 1 and 2 h only (2.6%) combined. The number of women with glucose values in the diabetic range was 6 (1.72%) but was classified as GDM since they were not previously known diabetics.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that the prevalence of GDM is 13.9% among women in Calabar and environs using the IADPSG criteria. Fasting plasma glucose can identify more than twice GDM patients than 1 and 2 h values combined. GDM still remains a major health issue among pregnant women hence there should be a national policy on routine screening for GDM with more studies being encouraged to determine the preferred glucose cutoff among Nigerians.