bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical salvage improves overall survival for patients with HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative recurrent locoregional and distant metastatic oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Guo Theresa , Qualliotine Jesse R. , Ha Patrick K. , Califano Joseph A. , Kim Young , Saunders John R. , Blanco Ray G. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Zhang Zhe , Chung Christine H. , Kiess Ana , Gourin Christine G. , Koch Wayne , Richmon Jeremy D. , Agrawal Nishant , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) tumor status and surgical salvage are associated with improved prognosis for patients with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Current data regarding types of surgery and the impact of surgery for patients with distant metastatic disease are limited.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent OPSCC from 2 institutions between 2000 and 2012 was performed. p16 immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization, as clinically available, were used to determine HPV tumor status. Clinical characteristics, distribution of recurrence site, and treatment modalities were compared by HPV tumor status. Overall survival (OS) was examined using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods.

RESULTS

The current study included 108 patients with 65 locoregional and 43 distant metastatic first recurrences. The majority of patients were HPV‐positive (80 patients). HPV‐positive tumor status was associated with longer time to disease recurrence (P<.01). Anatomic site distribution of disease recurrences did not differ by HPV tumor status. HPV‐positive tumor status (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.09‐0.58 [P = .002]), longer time to disease recurrence (≥1 year; aHR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.74 [P = .006]), and surgical salvage (aHR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.61 [P = .002]) were found to be independently associated with OS after disease recurrence. Surgical salvage was independently associated with improved OS compared with nonsurgical treatment among patients with both locoregional (aHR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.56 [P = .005]) and distant (aHR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.75 [P = .018]) metastatic disease recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical salvage was found to be associated with improved OS for patients with recurrent locoregional and distant metastatic OPSCC, independent of HPV tumor status. Further prospective data are needed to confirm the role of surgical salvage for distant metastases. Cancer 2015;121:1977–1984. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Patient characteristics associated with the level of patient‐reported care coordination among male patients with colorectal cancer in the Veterans Affairs health care system
Authors: Jackson George L. , Zullig Leah L. , Phelan Sean M. , Provenzale Dawn , Griffin Joan M. , Clauser Steven B. , Haggstrom David A. , Jindal Rahul M. , van Ryn Michelle
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

The current study was performed to determine whether patient characteristics, including race/ethnicity, were associated with patient‐reported care coordination for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, with the goal of better understanding potential goals of quality improvement efforts aimed at improving coordination.

METHODS

The nationwide Cancer Care Assessment and Responsive Evaluation Studies survey involved VA patients with CRC who were diagnosed in 2008 (response rate, 67%). The survey included a 4‐item scale of patient‐reported frequency (“never,” “sometimes,” “usually,” and “always”) of care coordination activities (scale score range, 1‐4). Among 913 patients with CRC who provided information regarding care coordination, demographics, and symptoms, multivariable logistic regression was used to examine odds of patients reporting optimal care coordination.

RESULTS

VA patients with CRC were found to report high levels of care coordination (mean scale score, 3.50 [standard deviation, 0.61]). Approximately 85% of patients reported a high level of coordination, including the 43% reporting optimal/highest‐level coordination. There was no difference observed in the odds of reporting optimal coordination by race/ethnicity. Patients with early‐stage disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.45‐0.81), greater pain (OR, 0.97 for a 1‐point increase in pain scale; 95% CI, 0.96‐0.99), and greater levels of depression (OR, 0.97 for a 1‐point increase in depression scale; 95% CI, 0.96‐0.99) were less likely to report optimal coordination.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with CRC in the VA reported high levels of care coordination. Unlike what has been reported in settings outside the VA, there appears to be no racial/ethnic disparity in reported coordination. However, challenges remain in ensuring coordination of care for patients with less advanced disease and a high symptom burden. Cancer 2015;121:2207–2213. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
An HLA‐based framework for simulation of large‐scale critical systems
Authors: Ficco Massimo , Avolio Giovanni , Palmieri Francesco , Castiglione Aniello
Published: March 2015

Evaluating the dependability of large‐scale critical infrastructures is a very difficult task that requires sophisticated modeling practices and experimentation environments/infrastructures. In particular, simulation of complex distributed systems require the integration of several different simulation tools and real‐time prototypes or emulated subsystems, which have to inter‐operate in a coordinated way. This paper presents a framework integrating simulation and emulation‐based subsystems, which is able to provide greater realism of the scenario under test. However, integrating simulation and emulation is a challenging issue because of the different time domains and to the communication overhead between the different time models, as well as to the large number of involved entities. Therefore, the high level architecture has been used to perform integration in a robust and standardized scenario. A cloud‐based virtualization platform has been adopted in order to reproduce complex system architectures on an elastic and adaptive locally controlled testbed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A provably secure and efficient two‐party password‐based explicit authenticated key exchange protocol resistance to password guessing attacks
Authors: Farash Mohammad Sabzinejad , Islam SK Hafizul , Obaidat Mohammad S.
Published: March 2015

Password‐based two‐party authenticated key exchange (2PAKE) protocol enables two or more entities, who only share a low‐entropy password between them, to authenticate each other and establish a high‐entropy secret session key. Recently, Zheng et al. proposed a password‐based 2PAKE protocol based on bilinear pairings and claimed that their protocol is secure against the known security attacks. However, in this paper, we indicate that the protocol of Zheng et al. is insecure against the off‐line password guessing attack, which is a serious threat to such protocols. Consequently, we show that an attacker who obtained the users' password by applying the off‐line password guessing attack can easily obtain the secret session key. In addition, the protocol of Zheng et al. does not provide the forward secrecy of the session key. As a remedy, we also improve the protocol of Zheng et al. and prove the security of our enhanced protocol in the random oracle model. The simulation result shows that the execution time of our 2PAKE protocol is less compared with other existing protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible Logic Gates Based on Enzyme‐Biocatalyzed Reactions and Realized in Flow Cells: A Modular Approach
Authors: Fratto Brian E. , Katz Evgeny
Published: March 2015

Reversible logic gates, such as the double Feynman gate, Toffoli gate and Peres gate, with 3‐input/3‐output channels are realized using reactions biocatalyzed with enzymes and performed in flow systems. The flow devices are constructed using a modular approach, where each flow cell is modified with one enzyme that biocatalyzes one chemical reaction. The multi‐step processes mimicking the reversible logic gates are organized by combining the biocatalytic cells in different networks. This work emphasizes logical but not physical reversibility of the constructed systems. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed and potential use in biosensing systems, rather than in computing devices, is suggested.
Heat Stroke
Authors: Leon Lisa R. , Bouchama Abderrezak
Published: March 2015

Heat stroke is a life‐threatening condition clinically diagnosed as a severe elevation in body temperature with central nervous system dysfunction that often includes combativeness, delirium, seizures, and coma. Classic heat stroke primarily occurs in immunocompromised individuals during annual heat waves. Exertional heat stroke is observed in young fit individuals performing strenuous physical activity in hot or temperature environments. Long‐term consequences of heat stroke are thought to be due to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the identification of risk factors that predispose to heat stroke, the role of endotoxin and cytokines in mediation of multi‐organ damage, the incidence of hypothermia and fever during heat stroke recovery, clinical biomarkers of organ damage severity, and protective cooling strategies. Risk factors include environmental factors, medications, drug use, compromised health status, and genetic conditions. The role of endotoxin and cytokines is discussed in the framework of research conducted over 30 years ago that requires reassessment to more clearly identify the role of these factors in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. We challenge the notion that hypothalamic damage is responsible for thermoregulatory disturbances during heat stroke recovery and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the regulated nature of these responses. The need for more sensitive clinical biomarkers of organ damage is examined. Conventional and emerging cooling methods are discussed with reference to protection against peripheral organ damage and selective brain cooling. Published 2015.Compr Physiol5:611‐647, 2015.
Autonomic Adjustments to Exercise in Humans
Authors: Fisher James P. , Young Colin N. , Fadel Paul J.
Published: March 2015

Autonomic nervous system adjustments to the heart and blood vessels are necessary for mediating the cardiovascular responses required to meet the metabolic demands of working skeletal muscle during exercise. These demands are met by precise exercise intensity‐dependent alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. The purpose of this review is to examine the contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in mediating specific cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to exercise. These changes in autonomic outflow are regulated by several neural mechanisms working in concert, including central command (a feed forward mechanism originating from higher brain centers), the exercise pressor reflex (a feed‐back mechanism originating from skeletal muscle), the arterial baroreflex (a negative feed‐back mechanism originating from the carotid sinus and aortic arch), and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors (a feed‐back mechanism from stretch receptors located in the heart and lungs). In addition, arterial chemoreceptors and phrenic afferents from respiratory muscles (i.e., respiratory metaboreflex) are also capable of modulating the autonomic responses to exercise. Our goal is to provide a detailed review of the parasympathetic and sympathetic changes that occur with exercise distinguishing between the onset of exercise and steady‐state conditions, when appropriate. In addition, studies demonstrating the contributions of each of the aforementioned neural mechanisms to the autonomic changes and ensuing cardiac and/or vascular responses will be covered. © 2015 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol5:475‐512, 2015.
Energetics of Contraction
Authors: Barclay C. J.
Published: March 2015

Muscles convert energy from ATP into useful work, which can be used to move limbs and to transport ions across membranes. The energy not converted into work appears as heat. At the start of contraction heat is also produced when Ca2+binds to troponin‐C and to parvalbumin. Muscles use ATP throughout an isometric contraction at a rate that depends on duration of stimulation, muscle type, temperature and muscle length. Between 30% and 40% of the ATP used during isometric contraction fuels the pumping Ca2+and Na+out of the myoplasm. When shortening, muscles produce less force than in an isometric contraction but use ATP at a higher rate and when lengthening force output is higher than the isometric force but rate of ATP splitting is lower. Efficiency quantifies the fraction of the energy provided by ATP that is converted into external work. Each ATP molecule provides 100 zJ of energy that can potentially be converted into work. The mechanics of the myosin cross‐bridge are such that at most 50 zJ of work can be done in one ATP consuming cycle; that is, the maximum efficiency of a cross‐bridge is ∼50%. Cross‐bridges in tortoise muscle approach this limit, producing over 90% of the possible work per cycle. Other muscles are less efficient but contract more rapidly and produce more power. © 2015 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol5:961‐995, 2015.
Metabolic Shifts during Aging and Pathology
Authors: Ma Yina , Li Ji
Published: March 2015

The heart is a very special organ in the body and has a high requirement for metabolism due to its constant workload. As a consequence, to provide a consistent and sufficient energy a high steady‐state demand of metabolism is required by the heart. When delicately balanced mechanisms are changed by physiological or pathophysiological conditions, the whole system's homeostasis will be altered to a new balance, which contributes to the pathologic process. So it is no wonder that almost every heart disease is related to metabolic shift. Furthermore, aging is also found to be related to the reduction in mitochondrial function, insulin resistance, and dysregulated intracellular lipid metabolism. Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor to detect intracellular ATP/AMP ratio and plays a pivotal role in intracellular adaptation to energy stress. During different pathology (like myocardial ischemia and hypertension), the activation of cardiac AMPK appears to be essential for repairing cardiomyocyte's function by accelerating ATP generation, attenuating ATP depletion, and protecting the myocardium against cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis. In this overview, we will talk about the normal heart's metabolism, how metabolic shifts during aging and different pathologies, and how AMPK regulates metabolic changes during these conditions. © 2015 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol5:667‐686, 2015.
Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Takawale Abhijit , Sakamuri Siva S.V.P. , Kassiri Zamaneh
Published: March 2015

Despite significant advances in treating heart disease, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Regardless of the initiating cause(s), heart failure is associated with disruptions in the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM is a dynamic structure and its physiological turnover is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Research in the past two decades has revealed that the function of ECM extends beyond its role in providing structural support. Similarly, ECM regulatory proteins, MMPs and TIMPs, have been demonstrated to play diverse and ECM‐independent roles in tissue remodeling and homeostasis. ECM is a network structure that in addition to providing structural support, serves as an extracellular reservoir for a number of growth factors and cytokines, and plays a central role in interstitial transport of different molecules (hormones, growth factors, drugs, etc.). This is mainly through the action of nonstructural ECM components, proteoglycans and matricellular proteins, which are also critical in cell‐ECM interactions and overall ECM remodeling. As such, sustaining the ECM integrity is not only critical in preserving cardiac geometry and function, it is essential in ensuring optimal delivery of different molecules to their site of action. Further, ECM composition and integrity in disease should be considered in designing drugs with a specific site of action. In this review article, we provide an overview of the ECM structure, components, its function in interstitial transport, heart disease‐dependent ECM remodeling, and the potential therapeutic approaches in preserving the diseased myocardial ECM and cardiac function. © 2015 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol5:687‐719, 2015.
Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Future Directions
Authors: Pellman Jason , Sheikh Farah
Published: March 2015

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 1% to 2% of the general population. It is characterized by rapid and disorganized atrial activation leading to impaired atrial function, which can be diagnosed on an EKG by lack of a P‐wave and irregular QRS complexes. AF is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for embolic stroke and worsening heart failure. Current research on AF support and explore the hypothesis that initiation and maintenance of AF require pathophysiological remodeling of the atria, either specifically as in lone AF or secondary to other heart disease as in heart failure‐associated AF. Remodeling in AF can be grouped into three categories that include: (i) electrical remodeling, which includes modulation of L‐type Ca2+current, various K+currents and gap junction function; (ii) structural remodeling, which includes changes in tissues properties, size, and ultrastructure; and (iii) autonomic remodeling, including altered sympathovagal activity and hyperinnervation. Electrical, structural, and autonomic remodeling all contribute to creating an AF‐prone substrate which is able to produce AF‐associated electrical phenomena including a rapidly firing focus, complex multiple reentrant circuit or rotors. Although various remodeling events occur in AF, current AF therapies focus on ventricular rate and rhythm control strategies using pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions. Recent progress in the field has started to focus on the underlying substrate that drives and maintains AF (termed upstream therapies); however, much work is needed in this area. Here, we review current knowledge of AF mechanisms, therapies, and new areas of investigation. © 2015 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol5:649‐665, 2015.
Solvent‐Enabled Nonenyzmatic Sugar Production from Biomass for Chemical and Biological Upgrading
Authors: Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Alonso David Martin , Rand Jacqueline M. , Questell‐Santiago Ydna M. , Yeap Jher Hau , Pfleger Brian F. , Dumesic James A.
Published: March 2015

We recently reported a nonenzymatic biomass deconstruction process for producing carbohydrates using homogeneous mixtures of γ‐valerolactone (GVL) and water as a solvent. A key step in this process is the separation of the GVL from the aqueous phase, enabling GVL recycling and the production of a concentrated aqueous carbohydrate solution. In this study, we demonstrate that phenolic solvents—sec‐butylphenol, nonylphenol, and lignin‐derived propyl guaiacol—are effective at separating GVL from the aqueous phase using only small amounts of solvent (0.5 g per g of the original water, GVL, and sugar hydrolysate). Furthermore, using nonylphenol, we produced a hydrolysate that supported robust growth and high yields of ethanol (0.49 g EtOH per g glucose) at an industrially relevant concentration (50.8 g L−1 EtOH). These results suggest that using phenolic solvents could be an interesting solution for separating and/or detoxifying aqueous carbohydrate solutions produced using GVL‐based biomass deconstruction processes.
Help standardized test‐takers with hearing impairments improve their chances
Authors: Gomez Cynthia
Published: March 2015

When students with hearing impairments seek accommodations on standardized tests such as those needed to enter graduate school or gain professional licensure, they sometimes find their requests questioned or even denied. As a disability services provider, you're in a good position to help students understand why that is, and guide them in requesting accommodations that make sense and have a good likelihood of being granted to ensure they have an equal opportunity to succeed in these critical exams.
Videoconferencing, follow‐ups help when serving students at a distance
Authors: Gomez Cynthia
Published: March 2015

When students are seated in front of you, it's possible to tell if they're uneasy self‐advocating by reading their body language, or whether there's something they may not be telling you that could help you better serve them. But what happens when you never see a student you serve in person? Students in fully online programs, military students stationed across the globe, and those on study‐abroad experiences may still need your assistance. But when you never interact with them in person, providing that assistance can sometimes be a challenge.
Create awareness of, excitement for universal design beyond the classroom
Authors: Gomez Cynthia
Published: March 2015

Melanie V. Tucker, the assistant vice president for student affairs at Northern Illinois University, spearheaded efforts to implement the principles of universal design across her unit and campus. Below, she explains her motivations for doing so, and the outcomes.
Understand the myriad factors affecting student retention
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2015

As disability services professionals, we are very invested in the success of students with disabilities — defined by the completion of their degrees. We take a lot of care in trying to make sure that students have the support they need so that they can graduate, but we need to remember that our services are but one facet of students' overall college experience.
Learn how to develop your personal brand to achieve greater career success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2015

You've probably heard about the important role personal branding plays in career success. But do you know how to develop a personal brand? Branding is an important key to career success even for those who work in areas like disability services, not just those in high‐powered corporate jobs.
Follow best practices for transparency about student privacy practices
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2015

Being transparent about data sharing can help alleviate student concerns, said officials at the Department of Education's Privacy Technical Assistance Center. They presented a webinar on transparency best practices and released guidance in a document titled “Transparency Best Practices for Schools and Districts.” Although the guidance was directed mainly at K–12 officials, much of it applies to higher education, said Baron Rodriguez, PTAC director, speaking during the webinar. FERPA requires institutions to provide an annual notification to students. In addition, PTAC recommends that, as a best practice, institutions provide the following information about their privacy policies.
Public Participation and Environmental Justice in Biodiversity Governance in Finland, Greece, Poland and the UK
Authors: Paloniemi Riikka , Apostolopoulou Evangelia , Cent Joanna , Bormpoudakis Dimitrios , Scott Anna , Grodzińska‐Jurczak Malgorzata , Tzanopoulos Joseph , Koivulehto Miska , Pietrzyk‐Kaszyńska Agata , Pantis John D.
Published: March 2015

The novel articulations between the state, markets and civil society arising from the shift to networked environmental governance highlight the importance of creating equal participation opportunities. Relevant questions from an environmental justice perspective are not only who participates, but also with whom, in what, why and how. In this paper, we explore public participation in biodiversity governance that has emerged after the initial designation of a Natura 2000 network in Finland, Greece, Poland and the UK by focusing on distributive and procedural justice. Our analysis, based on focus groups and document analysis, shows that new participatory arrangements have taken the modes of project‐based, market, interest group and e‐governance. These arrangements have been marked by problems in power and knowledge sharing, and in the distribution of conservation costs and benefits, reflecting serious deficits regarding environmental justice. Calls for public participation and wider stakeholder engagement in conservation across Europe should be followed by an acknowledgment of the diversity of perspectives, conflicting interests and social positions and their integration into biodiversity governance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
T lymphocytes need less than 3 min to discriminate between peptide MHCs with similar TCR‐binding parameters
Authors: Brodovitch Alexandre , Shenderov Eugene , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Bongrand Pierre , Pierres Anne , van der Merwe Philip Anton
Published: March 2015

T lymphocytes need to detect rare cognate foreign peptides among numerous foreign and self‐peptides. This discrimination seems to be based on the kinetics of TCRs binding to their peptide–MHC (pMHC) ligands, but there is little direct information on the minimum time required for processing elementary signaling events and deciding to initiate activation. Here, we used interference reflection microscopy to study the early interaction between transfected human Jurkat T cells expressing the 1G4 TCR and surfaces coated with five different pMHC ligands of 1G4. The pMHC concentration required for inducing 50% maximal IFN‐γ production by T cells, and 1G4‐pMHC dissociation rates measured in soluble phase or on surface‐bound molecules, displayed six‐ to sevenfold variation among pMHCs. When T cells were dropped onto pMHC‐coated surfaces, rapid spreading occurred after a 2‐min lag. The initial spreading rate measured during the first 45 s, and the contact area, were strongly dependent on the encountered TCR ligand. However, the lag duration did not significantly depend on encountered ligand. In addition, spreading appeared to be an all‐or‐none process, and the fraction of spreading cells was tightly correlated to the spreading rate and spreading area. Thus, T cells can discriminate between fairly similar TCR ligands within 2 min.
A novel Cre recombinase reporter mouse strain facilitates selective and efficient infection of primary immune cells with adenoviral vectors
Authors: Heger Klaus , Kober Maike , Rieß David , Drees Christoph , de Vries Ingrid , Bertossi Arianna , Roers Axel , Sixt Michael , Schmidt‐Supprian Marc
Published: March 2015

Replication‐deficient recombinant adenoviruses are potent vectors for the efficient transient expression of exogenous genes in resting immune cells. However, most leukocytes are refractory to efficient adenoviral transduction as they lack expression of the coxsackie/adenovirus receptor (CAR). To circumvent this obstacle, we generated the R26/CAG‐CARΔ1StopF (where R26 is ROSA26 and CAG is CMV early enhancer/chicken β actin promoter) knock‐in mouse line. This strain allows monitoring of in situ Cre recombinase activity through expression of CARΔ1. Simultaneously, CARΔ1 expression permits selective and highly efficient adenoviral transduction of immune cell populations, such as mast cells or T cells, directly ex vivo in bulk cultures without prior cell purification or activation. Furthermore, we show that CARΔ1 expression dramatically improves adenoviral infection of in vitro differentiated conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs), basophils, mast cells, as well as Hoxb8‐immortalized hematopoietic progenitor cells. This novel dual function mouse strain will hence be a valuable tool to rapidly dissect the function of specific genes in leukocyte physiology.
Thermally Stable Four‐Coordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes with an Si=N Double Bond and an SiN3El Skeleton (El = O, S, Se, Te)
Authors: Mück Felix M. , Ulmer Anna , Baus Johannes A. , Burschka Christian , Tacke Reinhold
Published: March 2015

The donor‐stabilized silylene 1 reacts with N2O and PhElElPh (El = S, Se, Te) to form the respective silicon(IV) complexes 2–5 with an Si=N double bond. Compounds 2–5 were structurally characterized by crystal structure analyses and NMR spectroscopic studies in the solid state and in solution.
Insight into O2‐Promoted Base‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Changpeng , Han Jian , Zhang Jingyu , Yao Yingming , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: March 2015

A highly efficient and practical transition‐metal‐free CsOH/O2 catalyst system was developed for the N‐alkylation of amines with alcohols under argon. This strategy was compatible with many alcohols and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance. More significantly, the selective formation of secondary amines was achieved in excellent yields. The detailed mechanistic study gave a clear understanding of the role of base and oxygen in the catalytic cycle.
Pinene‐Derived Monodentate Phosphoramidites for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Schmitz Christian , Leitner Walter , Franciò Giancarlo
Published: March 2015

Phosphoramidite ligands based on pinene‐derived chiral amines have been prepared by a straightforward procedure in good yields. The key step of the synthetic protocol is a stereoselective hydrogenation of annulated pinene–pyridine derivatives leading to (diastereoisomeric) secondary amines that were separated and treated with different chlorophosphites to yield the envisaged phosphoramidites. The absolute configurations of the ligands were assigned on the basis of NMR analyses and corroborated by X‐ray diffraction analysis of a borane adduct of a typical ligand. The new ligands were employed in the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines and olefins. The iridium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of imines provided up to 81 % ee, whereas in the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of functionalized olefins enantioselectivities of up to 99 % ee were achieved. In this particular application, the different chiral elements of the ligand structure led to synergistic effects and the enantioselectivity is dominated by the chiral diol moiety.
Sulfur Imidations by Light‐Induced Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions
Authors: Bizet Vincent , Bolm Carsten
Published: March 2015

N‐Acyl nitrenes have been generated from a range of heterocyclic precursors, and their applications in light‐induced ruthenium‐catalyzed sulfur imidations have been studied. Analyzing the reaction scope and determining the structural requirements of the in situ formed electrophilic nitrogen species for effective nitrene transfer allowed a mechanistic scheme to be proposed. The mechanistic conclusions were substantiated by the identification of potential intermediates.
Device for dielectrophoretic separation and collection of nanoparticles and DNA under high conductance conditions
Authors: Song Youngjun , Sonnenberg Avery , Heaney Yvonne , Heller Michael J.
Published: March 2015

Most dielectrophoretic (DEP) separations of cells, nanoparticles, and other entities are carried out on microelectrode arrays or in microfluidic device formats. Less work has been directed at designing pipette‐type formats that would allow dipping into and recovering specific analytes from samples in microtiter plate formats. In order to address this important area, we have fabricated micropipette tip devices containing a 2% agarose gel plug, a buffer chamber, and platinum electrode as the DEP collection device, to be used in combination with separate sample wells that contain a circular gold electrode. We demonstrated that 200 nm fluorescent nanoparticles could be isolated into DEP high‐field regions and separated from 10 μm fluorescent microbeads in high conductance buffer (1× PBS) by applying an alternating current at 10 kHz with a peak‐to‐peak voltage (Vpp) of 160 Vpp. The collected nanoparticles were then transferred to a new buffer solution. We also demonstrated the DEP isolation and separation of genomic DNA (>50 kbps) from the 10 μm microbeads in high conductance buffer (1× PBS) with transfer of collected DNA to another solution.
Dielectrophoretic positioning of single nanoparticles on atomic force microscope tips for tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Leiterer Christian , Deckert‐Gaudig Tanja , Singh Prabha , Wirth Janina , Deckert Volker , Fritzsche Wolfgang
Published: March 2015

Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a combination of Raman spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy, is a powerful technique to detect the vibrational fingerprint of molecules at the nanometer scale. A metal nanoparticle at the apex of an atomic force microscope tip leads to a large enhancement of the electromagnetic field when illuminated with an appropriate wavelength, resulting in an increased Raman signal. A controlled positioning of individual nanoparticles at the tip would improve the reproducibility of the probes and is quite demanding due to usually serial and labor‐intensive approaches. In contrast to commonly used submicron manipulation techniques, dielectrophoresis allows a parallel and scalable production, and provides a novel approach toward reproducible and at the same time affordable tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy tips. We demonstrate the successful positioning of an individual plasmonic nanoparticle on a commercial atomic force microscope tip by dielectrophoresis followed by experimental proof of the Raman signal enhancing capabilities of such tips.
Improvement of reproducibility and sensitivity by reducing matrix effect in micellar electrokinetic chromatography for determination of amino acids in turtle jelly
Authors: Li Lin‐Qiu , Cai Yue , Yang Mei , Shen Qing , Yu Ka‐Ming , Cheung Hon‐Yeung
Published: March 2015

Matrix effect (ME) is commonly seen in electrophoretic separation, but this phenomenon lacks any systematic study. Our work aimed to find out the relationship between separation efficiency and current, and then figure out an effective, simple, and economic solution to overcome the negative impact of ME. This present study showed that small amount of NaCl (≤0.005 mg/mL) in the sample had no impact on the separation but enhanced the sensitivity. However, when concentration of NaCl increased above 0.005 mg/mL, it alleviated the separation efficiency, sensitivity, and migration time. Besides, increasing NaCl concentration resulted in increasing turning point. The study of relationship of current and NaCl concentration indicated that when the TP of a sample is higher than 62.36 μA, desalination is necessary. Since the reported desalination methods are either expensive or complicated, we developed a simple and economic method by simply adding 12 times (volume) of chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) into the sample. When applied this method to turtle jelly, the number of theoretical plate (N) of 20 amino acids got up to threefold enhancement.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for measuring amino acid secretions from islets of Langerhans
Authors: Wang Xue , Yi Lian , Guillo Christelle , Roper Michael G.
Published: March 2015

Islets of Langerhans are responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis through regulated secretion of hormones and other factors. It is hypothesized that amino acids secreted from islets play a critical role in cell functionality and viability. For example, glutamate and gamma‐aminobutyric acid have been proposed to work as paracrine signaling molecules within islets to coordinate the release of hormone secretion; other amino acids, such as glutamine, leucine, alanine, and arginine, have been shown to stimulate or potentiate glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. To characterize the potential roles that these small molecules may play in islet physiology, derivatization of amino acids in high‐salt buffers commonly used in islet experiments with naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde and MEKC separation conditions were optimized. The optimized conditions used d‐norvaline as the internal standard and allowed quantification of 14 amino acids with LODs ranging from 0.2 to 7 nM. The RSDs of the migration times were 0.04–0.54% and the RSDs of the peak areas were 0.2–5.8% for the various amino acids. The effects of glucose and 2,4‐dinitrophenol on amino acid secretions from islets were tested and a suppressive effect of glucose on gamma‐aminobutyric acid release was observed, likely acting through adenosine triphosphate inactivation of glutamate decarboxylase.
Immunoreactive pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm against human whole saliva
Authors: Carvalhais Virginia , Amado Francisco , Cerveira Frederico , Ferreira Rita , Vilanova Manuel , Cerca Nuno , Vitorino Rui
Published: March 2015

Saliva is essential to interact with microorganisms in the oral cavity. Therefore, the interest in saliva antimicrobial properties is on the rise. Here, we used an immunoproteomic approach, based on protein separation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms by 2DE, followed by Western‐blotting, to compare human serum and saliva reactivity profile. A total of 17 proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF. Serum and saliva presented a distinct pattern of immunoreactive proteins. Our results suggest that saliva seems to have higher propensity to react against S. epidermidis proteins with oxidoreductase activity and proteins involved with L‐serine metabolic processes. We show that saliva was a powerful tool for the identification of potential S. epidermidis biofilms proteins.
Fast reversible single‐step method for enhanced band contrast of polyacrylamide gels for automated detection
Authors: Ling Wei‐Li , Lua Wai‐Heng , Gan Samuel Ken‐En
Published: March 2015

Staining SDS‐PAGE is commonly used in protein analysis for many downstream characterization processes. Although staining and destaining protocols can be adjusted, they can be laborious, and faint bands often become false negatives. Similarly, these faint bands hinder automated software band detections that are necessary for quantitative analyses. To overcome these problems, we describe a single‐step rapid and reversible method to increase (up to 500%) band contrast in stained gels. Through the use of alcohols, we improved band detection and facilitated gel storage by drying the gels into compact white sheets. This method is suitable for all stained SDS‐PAGE gels, including gradient gels and is shown to improve automated band detection by enhanced band contrast.
Short‐Term Intensive Family Therapy for Adolescent Eating Disorders: 30‐Month Outcome
Authors: Marzola Enrica , Knatz Stephanie , Murray Stuart B. , Rockwell Roxanne , Boutelle Kerri , Eisler Ivan , Kaye Walter H.
Published: March 2015

Family therapy approaches have generated impressive empirical evidence in the treatment of adolescent eating disorders (EDs). However, the paucity of specialist treatment providers limits treatment uptake; therefore, our group developed the intensive family therapy (IFT)—a 5‐day treatment based on the principles of family‐based therapy for EDs. We retrospectively examined the long‐term efficacy of IFT in both single‐family (S‐IFT) and multi‐family (M‐IFT) settings evaluating 74 eating disordered adolescents who underwent IFT at the University of California, San Diego, between 2006 and 2013. Full remission was defined as normal weight (≥95% of expected for sex, age, and height), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) global score within 1 SD of norms, and absence of binge–purging behaviours. Partial remission was defined as weight ≥85% of expected or ≥95% but with elevated EDE‐Q global score and presence of binge–purging symptoms (<1/week). Over a mean follow‐up period of 30 months, 87.8% of participants achieved either full (60.8%) or partial remission (27%), while 12.2% reported a poor outcome, with both S‐IFT and M‐IFT showing comparable outcomes. Short‐term, intensive treatments may be cost‐effective and clinically useful where access to regular specialist treatment is limited. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
On the impact of user segmentation and behaviour analysis over traffic generation in beyond 4G networks
Authors: Gonçalves Luís Carlos , Sebastião Pedro , Souto Nuno , Correia Américo
Published: March 2015

In this paper, a survey of the mobile data traffic growth over the last decade is performed, showing historically how data consumption patterns have evolved. Based on the results from the survey and the most important factors for unprecedented traffic growth from last years, a set of user‐centric services and scenarios are identified as the most prevalent by 2020. Based on service characteristics and subscribers' behaviour and consumption regarding traffic generation, four user segments are derived. All these factors allow introducing an impact model that characterises user segment's behaviour over post‐4G cellular networks, namely, its consistency and stability towards traffic generation, data consumption and service usage, providing mobile network operators with relevant information to predict user segment dispersion, stability and risk. Real and estimated market data are used to test the impact model, and most relevant results are shown. Overall, the proposed impact model aims to bring together technological, sociological and also economical perspectives into a single analytical framework, meeting both mobile network operators and subscriber's expectations of high quality of service with continuous cost decrease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The State of Preparing Evaluators
Authors: LaVelle John M. , Donaldson Stewart I.
Published: March 2015

This chapter begins with an analysis of the prior status of the preparation of evaluators and what is going on currently in that regard. The varied, noticeably diverse, and growing options for individuals to enter the field are explained with some recent studies highlighted. The discussion goes beyond traditional university‐based programs to include those delivered by evaluation associations, distance education, and other mechanisms. One of the conclusions is a recommendation to more fully delve into what is now taking place and to dig more deeply into how evaluators enter the profession. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Credentialed Evaluator Designation Program, the Canadian Experience
Authors: Kuji‐Shikatani Keiko
Published: March 2015

The Credentialed Evaluator (CE) designation is a service provided by Canadian Evaluation Society (CES) to its members, who may elect to become credentialed on a voluntary basis. The designation means that the holder has provided evidence of the education and experience required by the CES to be a competent evaluator. The author briefly examines the impetus for the CE designation, the value it represents for the Canadian evaluation community, the development of the system including structure and administration, and how it is evolving as we learn from professionalizing evaluation in Canada. Concerns expressed during the development of the Competencies for Canadian Evaluation Practice mirrored those expressed about the development of a professional designation. The CE designation is about providing a path for new evaluators and a clearer direction for more established evaluators for their ongoing development. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The Impact of Sampling Frequency on Intraday Correlation and Lead–Lag Relationships Between Index Futures and Individual Stocks
Authors: Fung Joseph K.W. , Lau Francis , Tse Yiuman
Published: March 2015

Transaction costs, liquidity effects, capital limits, and regulatory restrictions reduce arbitrage efficiency and weaken the link between futures prices and their underlying stocks. This study examines how the sampling frequency for return calculation affects the intraday correlation and the lead–lag relationship between the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index futures, the underlying cash index, an exchange‐traded fund (ETF) that mimics the index, and each component stock. The paper uses firm bid and offer quotes to eliminate the negative bias in measuring the correlation between the futures and the less liquid stocks. The sampling frequency significantly affects the futures‐stock dynamic relationship, particularly for small‐cap stocks. The overall results indicate that market participants trade ETF and the largest index's constituent stocks to capitalize on index arbitrage opportunities. The lag of the cash index is greatest against futures price movement, a reflection of the adverse impact of stale prices on the informational role of stock indexes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:939–952, 2015
Source Aggregation: When Are Multiple Facilities Considered One by EPA?
Authors: Rosen Julie A.
Published: March 2015

(We welcome Julie A. Rosen as our new columnist covering Energy and the Environment—RW.)
No Impact of Oil‐Price Collapse on US Power Markets
Authors: Kelly‐Detwiler Peter
Published: March 2015

(In this issue, we would like to introduce a new columnist to cover technology and trends, Peter Kelly‐Detwiler, principal of NorthBridge Energy Partners—RW.)
Suppressive function of low‐dose deguelin on the invasion of oral cancer cells by downregulating tumor necrosis factor alpha–induced nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling
Authors: Liu Yu‐Peng , Lee Jih‐Jong , Lai Tsung‐Ching , Lee Chien‐Hsin , Hsiao Ya‐Wen , Chen Po‐Shen , Liu Wei‐Ting , Hong Chi‐Yuan , Lin Se‐Kwan , Ping Kuo Mark‐Yen , Lu Pei‐Jung , Hsiao Michael
Published: March 2015

Background

Deguelin has both antiproliferation and antimetastasis activities. However, high‐dose deguelin elicits many undesired side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the low‐dose deguelin can prevent the metastasis of oral cancer.

Methods

The dose effects of deguelin on metastasis of oral cancer cells were analyzed by in vitro invasion assay and an orthotropic xenograft mouse model. The involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling was examined by Western blot and reporter assay.

Results

Low‐dose deguelin, which has minimal cytotoxicity, significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of oral cancer cells. These inhibitory effects of low‐dose deguelin were mediated by suppressing TNF‐α‐induced activation of IκB kinase leading to the inhibition of IκB phosphorylation, NF‐κB transcriptional activity, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP2) expression. The low‐dose deguelin treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and invasion without systemic toxicity.

Conclusion

The low‐dose deguelin suppressed the invasion and migration of oral cancer by downregulating TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB signaling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E524–E534, 2016
Establishment of a novel human papillomavirus–negative and radiosensitive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Min , Park Eun‐Ji , Yeo Jiyoung , Joo Young‐Hoon , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Kim Min‐Sik
Published: March 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to develop a CMCSCC−1 cell line for head and neck cancer research into new therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

The CMCSCC‐1 cell line was isolated from a primary oral tongue tumor specimen of a female patient. Tumor cells were evaluated for biomarkers expression by Western blots, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), fluorescence activated cell sorter, and immunostaining. Cell proliferation in response to radiation was measured by the WST‐8 assay.

Results

The characterization analyses revealed a typical epithelial morphology; a doubling time of approximately 24 hours, high tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, and upregulated biomarkers. CMCSCC‐1 cells were negative for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but more sensitive to radiation compared with those FaDu cell lines.

Conclusion

CMCSCC‐1, a novel oral tongue SCC cell line, was established. It will help in the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of HPV‐negative radiosensitive tumors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E542–E551, 2015