bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance and Transfer of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Resistant Plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Egbule O.S.
Published: February 2022

The study was undertaken to determine antibiotic resistance, ESBL production and transfer of resistant plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical samples of urine, wound and blood were screened for Pseudomonas aeruginosa following standard microbiological procedures. Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified in a total of 110 (18.3%) samples with higher prevalence observed in wound (43.6%) and blood (40.0%) samples. Identified isolates were profiled for antimicrobial susceptibility to a total of 10 antibiotics. Plasmid DNA extraction was carried out by the alkaline lysis method. Double disc synergy test (phenotypic) and PCR (genotypic) techniques were used to determine ESBL production from selected organisms while transfer of resistant genes was assessed by conjugation using broth mating procedures. Results showed high rates of resistance among organisms tested using antipseudomonal drugs. Seventy-seven (70.0%) of the isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR), out of which 26 (33.8%) and 4 (15.4%) produced ESBL by phenotypic and genotypic methods, respectively. Plasmid profile analysis revealed that all the 77 MDR isolates harboured plasmids of > I.5 kb. Four ESBL producing isolates selected could transfer their resistance plasmid to a recipient E. coli strain K-12. The therapeutic challenge observed calls for an effective antimicrobial stewardship program.
Comparative Analysis of Satellite and Regulatory based Gas Flare Volumes in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Ndunagu P.N. , Joel O.F. , Oji A.A.
Published: February 2022

Associated gas flaring leads to severe environmental issue, and the importance of effective monitoring and accurate recording of this operation has been a subject of discussion in the petroleum industry. This research used statistical methods to compare the flare volume of both Regulatory Agency records and Satellite-based estimates to determine the accuracy and reliability of estimates. Seven prolific offshore oilfields from the Niger Delta region were considered for this research and the monthly records of flare volume for 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021 were used to investigate the comparative relationship that exists. The result revealed that the mean flare volumes of four oilfields (Agbara, Bonga, Erha and Usan) did not differ significantly but Abo and Akpo oilfields revealed that estimates from the satellite were significantly greater than the regulatory reports, while the estimates from Agbami oilfield supported the contrast. The Pearson correlation analysis also revealed that a moderately strong positive relationship exists between the estimates for the sampled oilfields. The study further examined the discrepancies between both methods of gas flare measurements and proffered solutions on how these discrepancies could be resolved and recommended a strategy for monitoring natural gas venting.
Kolorektal Kanser, Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası ve Beslenme
Authors: AMANPOUR Armin , KAHRAMAN Sevde , KARAKAŞ Pınar Ece , ÇELİK Fatma
Published: February 2022

Kolorektal kanser, dünya çapında kanserlerin %10’unu oluşturmaktadır ve en sık görülen üçüncü kanser türüdür. Bu yaygın prevelans, kolorektal kanserin toplumların sağlık yükünü arttırdığını göstermektedir. Kolorektal kanser oluşumunu; beslenme, sedanter yaşam, genetik yatkınlık gibi birçok risk faktörü etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının da kolorektal kanser oluşumu ve gelişiminde etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Mikrobiyota, vücudun farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan mikroorganizma topluluklarıdır. Mikrobiyota bileşimi yaş ve beslenme gibi faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalarda; kolorektal kanser başlangıcında ve sürecinde bağırsak mikrobiyotasında çeşitli değişikliklerin meydana geldiği, bu değişikliklerin hastalığın seyrini değiştirebileceği veya hastalığın tanı aşamasındayken mikrobiyotanın bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceği öne sürülmektedir. Bu durum mikrobiyotanın modülasyonu ile kolorektal kanser hastalığının tanı koyma sürecini, seyrini veya tedavisini etkileyebilme fikrine yol açmaktadır. Mevcut araştırmalar mikrobiyotanın kısa veya uzun vadeli beslenme değişikliklerine hızla yanıt verdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu durum da mikrobiyota modülasyonunun beslenme değişikliğiyle yapılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, kolorektal kanser ve mikrobiyota arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu ilişkinin beslenmeyle olan etkileşimini incelemektir.
Correlation between Church Digital Ministry and Semarang Baptist Youth’s Spirituality
Authors: Ekoliesanto Yesaya Bangun , Santoso Samuel Agus , Claudia Ayin
Published: February 2022

The spirituality of today's young generation is very prone to be bad. The church needs to serve the younger generation in a way acceptable to them. This study aims to see the correlation between church digital ministry and the spirituality of Baptist youths throughout the city of Semarang. This research used quantitative approach with survey research methods. It shows that the Baptist churches’ digital ministries were in the medium category and the Baptist youth’s spirituality was in the moderate category, while digital ministry of the churches correlated strongly and positively to their youth’s spirituality.
Neurocognitivos altamente eficientes observados en niñez y adolescencia expuesta a condiciones de vulnerabilidad
Authors: García Barrera Laura Geovanna , Solval Mis Ángel Romeo , Solís Pérez Noemí , Tojo Ortiz María José
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO: describir la neurocognición eficiente observada en niñez expuesta a condiciones vulnerabilizantes. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 38 docentes, con el fin de recabar observaciones sobre las variables: vulnerabilidad y habilidades neurocognitivas más desarrolladas en niñez y adolescencia en condiciones de vulnerabilidad del departamento de Jutiapa. RESULTADOS: se encontró que la niñez y adolescencia rural está más expuesta a condiciones de vulnerabilidad, la condición vulnerabilizante más frecuentemente observada es la pobreza, por otro lado, se evidencia que desde la niñez hay deseos de superación y dedicación. CONCLUSIÓN: la encuesta aplicada demostró que los factores de   vulnerabilidad  afectan de manera distinta  a los diversos grupos  como resultado en el presente estudio los maestros evidenciaron que la memoria  y la atención  de las consecuencias;  estas condiciones no anulan la voluntad, el deseo o la participación de las personas afectadas, se visualiza que en la dedicación al estudio y las actividades escolares hay más concentración y esfuerzo.
DIMENSIONES ACADÉMICAS Y PRAGMÁTICAS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA
Authors: Varnagy Daniel
Published: February 2022

“La investigación científica no es más que un trabajo. De nosotros depende, de cómo lo hagamos, que pueda ser un trabajo maravilloso y apasionante. Maravilloso, porque nos lleva a descubrir y explicar cómo y por qué se comporta como lo hace el pedacito de realidad que queremos, nos proponemos, estudiar. Apasionante, porque nos lleva a no ceder, a insistir, tal vez en forma maníaca, ante las negativas, la resistencia de la realidad para permitirnos desentrañar sus secretos” (Villarroel, 2021). En mi experiencia, la integración de los métodos de investigación en ciencias aplicadas (ingeniería), ciencias sociales (ciencia política y gerencia) e incluso en arte (música), me ha generado una noción de preguntas, problemas, abordajes y ‘verdad’ que a veces se complementan entre sí, y a veces se contradicen. Las contradicciones son las que más me agradan, porque me obligan a pensar fuera de un patrón específico para dar algún tipo de respuesta no ortogonal a los planteamientos que surgen en una investigación. El investigador “ornitorrinco” mezcla métodos, abordajes, y marcos teóricos de distintos ámbitos para plantear problemas de investigación, así como para buscar respuestas. La investigación científica que plantea el uso de métodos inter, multi y trans disciplinarios puede enriquecer inmensamente la búsqueda de la verdad, donde ésta a veces se esconde en las grietas... Dependiendo del problema de investigación, y del tipo de ciencia en cuestión (básica, aplicada, social), se puede abordar desde varios ámbitos de acción: Monodisciplinario, Multidisciplinario, Interdisciplinario o Transdisciplinario.
OPORTUNIDADES DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN METROLOGÍA
Authors: Arias Javier
Published: February 2022

El Centro Nacional de Metrología de Panamá es una Asociación de Interés Público que tiene como propósito desarrollar y difundir el conocimiento de la Metrología (Ciencia de las Mediciones) a nivel nacional. Como Laboratorio o Instituto Nacional de Metrología (INM), somos responsables de establecer y mantener los Patrones Nacionales de medida para diseminar y asegurar la trazabilidad de las mediciones al Sistema Internacional de unidades de medida (SI). Una de nuestras principales funciones es procurar el desarrollo de una infraestructura metrológica nacional que brinde confianza en las mediciones resultantes de cualquier instrumento de medición utilizado en el país, ya sea en el comercio, la industria y las actividades técnicas y científicas, entre otras; según lo establece la Ley No. 52 de 2007, Ley de Metrología. CENAMEC está ubicado en la Ciudad del Saber y consta de 16 laboratorios. La metrología por sí sola no hace nada. La metrología debe entenderse como un sistema que trabaja con dos hermanos: normalización y acreditación. En Panamá estos tres entes están concentrados en el Ministerio de Comercio e Industria. Metrología científica, industrial y legal atiende los siguientes sectores: salud y laboratorios, energético y servicios públicos, comercial e industrial, seguridad y gubernamental. Entre las oportunidades de investigación destacan: COVID-19, energía solar, plan energético nacional, transformación digital, economía sostenible, verde y circular, metrología legal y medios para la gobernanza y el desarrollo científico.
PROYECTOS Y DESARROLLO DEL TURISMO EN EL SISTEMA DE LA INTEGRACIÓN CENTROAMERICANA
Authors: Aguilar Valle Ilka
Published: February 2022

La Secretaría de Integración Turística Centroamericana (SITCA), durante la realización del “Congreso de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación IDI- UNICyT”, enfocará su ponencia en tres áreas de trabajo. 1. Sus funciones como oficina regional permanente del Consejo Centroamericano de Turismo (CCT), desde donde aborda temas de políticas, estrategias y planes de acción, así como el establecimiento de agendas intersectoriales e interinstitucionales, destacando el seguimiento a la ejecución eficiente de las decisiones adoptadas en materia de turismo en las reuniones de presidentes, así como la gestión ante organismos internacionales y entidades de la institucionalidad regional, para el apoyo en áreas de sus propias competencias. 2. En cuanto a la definición de la promoción regional de mercadeo turístico, abordará sobre la Agencia de Promoción Turística de Centroamérica (CATA por sus siglas en inglés), la cual se encarga de implementar la estrategia regional de promoción, mercadeo, publicidad y relaciones públicas en mercados objetivos.
COMPETENCIAS INVESTIGATIVAS BAJO UN ENFOQUE PEDAGÓGICO SOCIOCONSTRUCTIVISTA. AVANCES DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN EN CURSO
Authors: Ríos Cabrera Pablo
Published: February 2022

La investigación científica es un factor clave para transitar de una Sociedad de la Información a una Sociedad del Conocimiento y del Aprendizaje. Para enseñar a investigar, por lo general se administran cursos de metodología de investigación, semanarios de tesis y afines. Sin embargo, es frecuente que, aun habiendo aprobado estos cursos, a los estudiantes se les dificulta avanzar y culminar con éxito sus trabajos de investigación; es lo que se conoce como el síndrome de Todo Menos Tesis. Con esta investigación nos hemos propuesto evaluar un curso en línea orientado a desarrollar competencias investigativas, el cual se administrará bajo un enfoque pedagógico socioconstructivista. En este se asume la educación por competencias, el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), el aprendizaje cooperativo, la evaluación formativa y el andamiaje, entre otros aspectos. A los participantes les planteará el reto de realizar una investigación de principio a fin. Siguiendo el ABP, en vez de dar la teoría para luego aplicarla, se van integrando la teoría y demás elementos necesarios para avanzar en su investigación. Esta es una investigación con un enfoque mixto y con alcance evaluativo. Como instrumentos de recolección de datos se va a utilizar: una escala tipo Likert para autoevaluar las competencias investigativas, así como con un relato donde se aprecia la organización del conocimiento sobre el proceso de investigación; ambos instrumentos serán aplicados antes y después del curso. También se harán dos grupos focales, donde se solicitará la percepción de los participantes sobre los factores que consideren fundamentales para el avance en sus investigaciones. Por último, se evaluará nivel de logro alcanzado, a través del informe de investigación y se aplicará un cuestionario para la evaluación del curso por parte de los participantes. Para el análisis de los datos se aplicará estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido. La muestra serán los doce participantes del Diplomado Internacional en Competencias Investigativas de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, siete de género femenino y cinco de género masculino; procedentes de México, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela. Con esta investigación se espera evaluar los factores que favorecen u obstaculizan el avance de los procesos investigativos, así como la pertinencia y eficacia de los principios pedagógicos derivados del socioconstructivismo en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas. Palabras clave: Competencias investigativas, evaluación, enfoque socioconstructivista, andamiaje, educación en línea.
Influencia de la práctica de Valores en la Gestión del Servicio de Hospedaje Hotelero de Calidad
Authors: Moya Nohemy Josefina
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio, tiene como objetivo reconocer la influencia que tiene la práctica de valores en la gestión del servicio de hospedaje hotelero de calidad. Enmarcado dentro del enfoque cualitativo se implementó el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Para recoger, registrar y analizar la información, las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista a profundidad, el análisis de contenido y el muestreo teórico. La validación de las interpretaciones se realizó a través de la técnica de triangulación. Los principales hallazgos apuntan a que la justicia, vocación de servicio y la motivación, tienen gran significancia en la garantía de la gestión de calidad del servicio de hospedaje, esto se traduce en calidad de servicio al huésped. Así también, la necesidad de procurar relaciones de respeto, confianza y empatía como estrategia principal de gestión del servicio de hospedaje hotelero. La práctica de valores en cualquiera de las áreas que integran la estructura funcional del hotel determina el logro de un servicio de hospedaje de calidad.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento de medición “Percepción de los docentes universitarios del profesorado en activo”
Authors: Mapp Ulina , Canto Pedro , de Arrocha Reynalda , de Romero Carmen M.
Published: February 2022

El propósito de este estudio es describir el proceso de diseño, validación y fiabilidad de un instrumento para describir la percepción de los docentes universitarios del profesorado en activo de América Latina y El Caribe. Se enfatiza en la importancia de la validación como un proceso mediante el cual el investigador se asegura de lo que pretende recoger como información y la forma en que se recolecta, a fin de que la información cumpla con el objetivo del estudio. Para facilitar la lectura, se presentan algunos referentes conceptuales con relación al diseño y validación en cada una de las fases desarrolladas. En cada una de las fases o etapas se explica los aspectos teóricos y operativos que se realizaron en función de los jueces, los jueces expertos y los procesos métricos, los cuales permiten la recopilación de información para la validación del instrumento. La validación y fiabilidad incluyó un proceso de pilotaje con una población menor de 30 docentes universitarios de México, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela y Panamá. La puesta en marcha de tres diferentes formas de aplicación del instrumento presentó en los resultados niveles de fiabilidad.
La mola como identidad de la cultura del pueblo Kuna
Authors: Díaz Soguiguili , Alemancia Gilberto , Rondán Yaliveth , Villavicencio Mercedes
Published: February 2022

Kuna Yala es una de las siete (7) comarcas existentes en Panamá. Cuenta con una población aproximada de 38,749, según los datos del 2010 de la Contraloría General de la República de Panamá, ubicado en la costa este del Caribe panameño. La finalidad de la investigación fue conocer si la confección de la mola está en decadencia o está en proceso de transformación o transferencia generacional. Se aplicó una encuesta digital dirigida a mujeres kunas, para la medición utilizando la plataforma SurveyMonkey. El cuestionario se dividió en 3 dimensiones: conocimiento y experiencia, tradición y cultura, transferencia y preservación.
Normativa Vigente en Ecuador para Accesibilidad Web
Authors: Vega Tapia Francisco Esteban , Garcés Enrique , Pailiacho Verónica
Published: February 2022

En el mundo se estima que existen alrededor de mil millones de personas con algún tipo de discapacidad, para los cuales día a día se presentan barreras sociales, ideológicas, tecnológicas, la web entonces debería permitir una inclusión que facilite acceder a contenidos e información; para cumplir este objetivo se implementa la accesibilidad web, el presente trabajo busca responder la pregunta: Qué normativas de accesibilidad deberían aplicarse en los desarrollos web en Ecuador?, esto con el fin de ser la base de una investigación mayor sobre el tema, para ello se realizó una investigación en internet en los motores académicos de búsqueda como Google, y Microsoft, así como algunos sitios web oficiales del Gobierno Ecuatoriano. Como resultado se analiza la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 40500, que es la vigente en Ecuador para accesibilidad web.
Afrontamiento emocional y formación de postgrado en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Jape Collins Olga Lucía , Tejeda Díaz Ysabel Noemí , Rivas Ramírez Julio Adrián
Published: February 2022

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, prospectiva y de corte transversal, cuyo propósito fue conocer las diferentes dinámicas establecidas por participantes del programa de Maestría en Alimentación y Nutrición (MAN) en cuanto al afrontamiento emocional ante la pandemia por COVID-19 y en la continuidad de la formación de postgrado. Para tales fines, se aplicó un cuestionario en línea a los 33 maestrantes del Programa, con análisis cuantitativo descriptivo e inferencial y análisis cualitativo consistente en descripciones detalladas de situaciones observables que incorporan las experiencias, actitudes y reflexiones de los participantes. Los resultados relevantes muestran que el 85% de los participantes no habían sido diagnosticados positivos al COVID, y ninguno de los participantes de la Maestría señaló relación directa con la prestación de servicio en la primera línea de atención a COVID-19. El 97% usaban WhatsApp, seguidos por Facebook con 76% y 9% Skype; respecto a Moodle como herramienta de gestión de aprendizaje, 12% tenía experiencia, y planteada Microsoft Teams como alternativa para el aprendizaje a distancia, el 21% manifestó experiencia. Aun con estas frecuencias porcentuales, los maestrantes permanecieron apegados a metas personales. Se hallaron emociones experimentadas con mayor frecuencia como agotamiento físico y mental, ansiedad, fatiga, angustia anticipatoria y tristeza. Ante la amenaza con la tasa de transmisión y letalidad se asume acertada los resultados respecto a las emociones manifestadas por los sujetos informantes. Se evidenció que residir en zona urbana influyó positivamente, dada la relación con la alta calidad en esta zona en los servicios de telecomunicaciones.
Energy Simulation toolbox: Analysis from project design to railway operation
Authors: Sanz Bobi Juan de Dios , Calvo-Hernández Álvaro , Gómez-Fernández Javier , Berbey-Alvarez Aranzazu
Published: February 2022

The commitment to the environment and climate change finds in rail transport lines a stimulus in the necessary social transformation. As an example, the 2030 Agenda of the European Union establishes clear objectives that are translated into courageous mobility plans and a commitment to research in the railway sector through the current Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking and the commitment to Horizon Europe as Europe's Rail, thereby a promising future is predicted for this sector. The energy technology in the railroad is no stranger to these plans. Challenges for improving efficiency, quality and use of energy in guided transport systems are the challenges facing the present and future railway. To achieve a greater acceleration in the technological proposals that lead to a more rational, economic, and systematic use, it is essential to use computational modeling tools based on mathematical models that allow us to understand the behavior of the railway system operation in a reliable and economical term. Thus, the modeling and simulation tools allow the calculation of the technical characteristics of the electrification system to adapt to the operational plans and the demand for services in the life cycle of the railway system.
Evaluación de la calidad en mieles comerciales de la provincia de Mendoza
Authors: Sánchez Mantica Damián Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Introducción: actualmente la producción apícola representa un sector socio económico de gran interés, es propicio tener un conocimiento profundo de la matriz del alimento, su comportamiento, variables y características particulares. Objetivo: se enmarcaron en evaluar la calidad de mieles comercializadas en la Provincia de Mendoza y verificar su cumplimiento con la legislación vigente respecto a los parámetros de calidad estándares en miel. Materiales y Métodos: se aplicaron metodologías de muestreo, de preparación y técnicas analíticas oficiales enmarcadas por Código Alimentario Argentino a un rango de 30 muestras recolectadas entre 2018 y 2020. Resultados y Discusión: los valores analíticos promedio obtenidos se encuentran dentro de los parámetros legislados: Azúcares reductores 71,41 % (SD 14,665), Sacarosa aparente 0,82 % (SD 0,275), Humedad 16,14 % (SD 0,375), pH 4,068 (SD 0,424), Acidez total 15,741 meq ácido glucónico/kg miel (SD 9,518), Cenizas 0,3161 % (SD 0,098), Sólidos Insolubles en agua 0,07 % (SD 0,029), HMF 19,83 mg/kg (SD 7,125), Índice de diastasas (ID) 32,46 °Gothe (SD 18,962), Dextrinas totales < 3 %. El 13% de las muestras evocaron diferencias con los límites establecidos, siendo correlativos entre los diversos parámetros, es decir, muestras que contienen menor ID, presentan un mayor contenido de HMF. La relación de humedad y azúcares son totalmente concordantes, la relación acidez, pH y cenizas también. Determinaciones en relación con adulteraciones como dextrinas totales, corresponden a valores normales. Conclusión: las mieles comercializadas en la Provincia de Mendoza presentaron una buena calidad, los parámetros fisicoquímicos permitieron poder evaluar el estado de las mismas.
Época óptima de siembra de sésamo (Sesamum indicum L.) variedad escoba blanca, en el departamento de Guairá
Authors: Silvero Espinola Martha Elizabeth , Ayala Marcela
Published: February 2022

El sésamo es un cultivo de creciente expansión en el país y de mayor importancia en los últimos años, pero su principal problema es que está limitado por factores ambientales. La siembra realizada en la fecha correcta, evita exponer el cultivo a periodos largos de falta o exceso de humedad. El objetivo fue evaluar la época óptima de siembra de sésamo variedad Escoba Blanca, en el departamento de Guairá. Se llevó cabo desde agosto 2020 hasta mayo 2021. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el diseño completamente al azar con 2 tratamientos (1ra época: 22/10 y 2da época: 22/11) y 4 repeticiones, la unidad experimental con tres hileras de 3 m por 2 m, con área de 6 m². La parcela útil de cada UE era de tres hileras, eliminando plantas situadas en los bordes. El área experimental de 71,5 m². Los resultados muestran que la primera época tuvo mejor comportamiento, tanto en la variable rendimiento como el número de cápsula por planta, rama fructífera y altura de planta. El rendimiento mayor con media de 16,20 kg ha-1 y la 2da época una media de 6,66 kg ha-1. El mayor número de ramas fructíferas se obtuvo en la 1ra época con medias de 7 y 5 para la 2da. El peso de mil semillas para la 1ra época presentó mayor promedio con 2,22 g y la 2da 2,15 g pero sin mostrar diferencia significativa, para el número de cápsulas por planta y altura, la 1ra época fue superior con medias de 132 cápsulas y 2,27 m de altura, mientras que 2da época con medias de 90 cápsulas y 1,49 m de altura.
Legal Protection of Notary Officials according to Indonesian positive law
Authors: Rahim Yulfita , Syafrinaldi Syafrinaldi , Thamrin S. , Susanti Heni
Published: February 2022

Notary public in carrying out their profession to provide services and legal services to the community need to get protection and guarantees in order to achieve legal certainty. Guarantee of protection and guarantee of legal certainty on the implementation of notary duties and functions has been stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notarial Positions. This change in the legal basis is intended to further affirm and strengthen the duties, functions, and authority of notary public officials as well as synchronize with other laws. The role of the Notary Department in Indonesia as well as in Pekanbaru City is very important for the community in solving various legal problems faced by the community, one of which is in issuing authentic deed. The professional rights of notary positions, especially regarding civil rights, ideally should get legal protection in carrying out their profession, but in fact Notaries in carrying out their duties often do not get legal protection as they should, as a result notary are faced with civil or criminal legal proceedings.
The difficulty of making claims to knowledge in social science
Authors: Gorard Stephen , Tan Yiyi
Published: February 2022

This paper considers three common types of claim to research knowledge, and the relative difficulty of making each type of claim in an empirically and logically justified manner. Before this, the paper looks at some more general issues often raised when discussing knowledge in social science, such as the nature of truth and justified belief, the existence of “isms” and paradigms treated like fashion accessories that one can adopt or not at will, and the intrinsic limitations of how we get to know about the “stuff” we might want to make research claims about. The idea of this early section is to remove some potential obstacles, before arguing that none of these issues is relevant to the rest of the paper about the nature of claims in their most generic form, independent of things like specific methods of data collection.

 

The first type of claim we identify is a fully descriptive one that only summarises the data observed. This is the easiest and safest kind of claim, but even these might suffer from non-random errors and inaccuracies. However, their biggest limitation is their lack of any wider utility. The second kind of claim is a generally descriptive one that makes statements about unobserved data on the basis of a fully descriptive claim. Here we meet Hume’s problem of induction. These claims have two parts, and the inductive part cannot seemingly be justified by logic, inferential statistics (whether Fisher or Neyman-Pearson style), Carnap’s inductive probabilities, or even necessarily by Popper’s falsification process. The third type is a causal claim, which we argue must also be a general claim. We develop a model, based on the work of Mill and Bradford-Hill, of what a plausible causal claim entails. But it still has all of the problems emerging from the first two types of claim, and adds a further problem created by our inability to assess causes directly. The paper concludes by suggesting how social science can proceed most safely in practice.
Designing Curricula for the New Profile “European Expert in Sustainable Local Development”
Authors: Dumitrescu Andrei , Dijmărescu Manuela-Roxana , Casorzo Sylvia , Paciello Elena
Published: February 2022

Mankind has reached a point where it can no longer ignore the vital problems of the planet. Personalities with insight and awareness not only draw attention to challenges, but also offer solutions. Globally, these solutions have been combined in the 17 Global Goals of United Nations. Nevertheless, not all practical measures to reach these goals can be identified or effectively implemented by the central governments of the countries. There is also an implicit need for greater involvement by local authorities and communities in identifying and implementing specific measures. Subsequently, the need for a new professional figure has emerged. Partners representing local development, VET training, tourism, and academia from 6 countries has joined in a European project to design the profile and the training course for the European Expert in Sustainable Local Development. The stages of the partnership’s approach were: a) identifying the competencies necessary for this expert up to a certain level; b) the study of similar professional profiles existing in the partnership countries in order to identify the necessary competencies and to avoid proposing a profile that is too similar and, implicitly, inefficient; c) designing the training course for the person who will become an European Expert in Sustainable Local Development.
Use of Sugars to Improve Root Growth and Increase Transplant Success of Birch (Betula pendulaRoth.)
Authors: Percival Glynn C. , Fraser Gillian A.
Published: February 2022

Two field trials undertaken in 1999 and 2003 investigated the influence of a range of sugars applied as a root drench at 25, 50, and 70 g/L (3.4, 6.8, and 10.3 oz/gal) of water on root and shoot growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates, and leaf carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations of birch (Betula pendulaRoth.). Irrespective of concentration and year, the sugars galactose and rhamnose had no significant effects on tree growth or leaf photosynthetic properties. Application of the sugar maltose increased shoot and root dry weight in the 1999 trial but had no effect in the 2003 trial. Sucrose, fructose, and glucose increased shoot and root dry weight in both 1999 and 2003 trials; however, growth responses were influenced by the concentration of sugar applied. In many cases, sugar application increased the number of new roots formed by week 6 but had no significant effects on the length of existing roots or shoot growth. By week 24, increases in both root and shoot growth were recorded. Sugar feeding at 25 g/L (3.4 oz/gal) of water had no significant effect on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates, or carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations; however, sugar feeding at 50 and 75 g/L (6.8 and 10.3 oz/gal) of water reduced these values by week 6. At the cessation of the experiment, maximal increase in root and shoot growth was associated with a root drench of sucrose at a concentration of 70 g/L (10.3 oz/gal) of water in both 1999 and 2003 trials. Lower mortality rates recorded in sugar-treated trees indicate applications of sugars would aid in the survival of young birch trees following transplanting.
Irrigation Effects on the Growth of Newly Planted Oaks (Quercusspp.)
Authors: Costello Laurence R. , Jones Katherine S. , McCreary Douglas D.
Published: February 2022

The effect of irrigation on the growth of container-grown oaks was investigated over a 4-year period.Quercus lobata, Q. agrifolia, andQ. douglasiiwere irrigated at three levels of reference evapotranspiration (0, 0.25, and 0.5 ET0) after being established for 1 year at the University of California Bay Area Research and Extension Center in Santa Clara, California, U.S. Although no significant differences were found in trunk diameter growth for irrigation treatments after 4 years, growth ofQ. agrifoliawas significantly greater thanQ. lobataandQ. douglasii. Root mass, shoot mass, and root distribution were measured forQ. agrifolia, and mean shoot:root ratio was found to be 2.6 to 1. Many roots ofQ. agrifoliawere found to develop with a stronger vertical than horizontal orientation, and root distribution was not significantly affected by irrigation treatments.
Individual Characteristics Affecting Participation In Urban And Community Forestry Programs In South
Authors: Straka Thomas , Marsinko Allan , Childers Christopher
Published: February 2022

This article reports the results of a 2003 statewide survey of South Carolina, U.S., residents concerning characteristics affecting participation in urban and community forestry programs. Results are intended to increase effectiveness of program planning and organization within state forestry commissions. Participants in urban and community forestry programs have strong feelings for the importance of these programs, and the majority (91%) expected continued participation. The majority of nonparticipants (71%) were unaware of the existence of these programs, and most (59%) did not know whether they would ever participate in future programs. Future considerations for the success of urban and community forestry programs in South Carolina need to focus on increased public awareness. Prior awareness of the program and participant's age significantly (P £ 0.10) affected stated intentions to participate in the program.
Planting Depth and Mulch Thickness Affect Establishment of Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Bougainvillea Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria bipinnata)
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , McDonald Garry V. , Bryan Donita L.
Published: February 2022

Most available information on the effects of planting depths for trees is anecdotal. Testing of interactions with other important cultural practices implemented during landscape establishment is lacking. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanicaH. Marshall), a hypoxia-tolerant species, and bougainvillea goldenraintree (Koelreuteria bipinnataA.R. Franchet), a hypoxiaintolerant species, were grown from seed in 2.3 L (#1) containers, which were later transplanted to 9.3 L (#3) black plastic containers and grown to a marketable size. Root collars of the plants were maintained level with the surface of the substrate. Green ash (1 May 2001) and bougainvillea goldenraintrees (27 April 2001) were transplanted to clay soil field plots with the root collars at 7.6 cm (3 in.) above soil grade, at grade, or 7.6 cm (3 in.) below grade. Planting depths for each species were in factorial combinations with 0, 7.6, 15.2, or 22.9 cm (0, 3, 6, or 9 in.), respectively, of pine bark mulch covering 0.74 m2(8 ft2) of soil beneath each tree. After 2 years, survival of bougainvillea goldenraintrees planted below grade was one-third that of those planted at or above grade. Survival and trunk diameter responses interacted with planting depth and mulch thickness for green ash. Planting below grade in combination with mulching reduced survival of green ash 25% to 50% after 3 years. Mulch applications reduced trunk diameters of green ash trees planted at or above grade. Mean soil water potentials were less negative with 7.6 cm (3 in.) of mulch (−5.8 kPa) compared to bare soil (−9.1 kPa), but increasing the mulch thickness to 22.9 cm (9 in.) inhibited penetration of irrigation water/rainfall (−16.2 kPa). These data suggest that planting with the root collar at or above grade enhances survival and growth potential of green ash and bougainvillea goldenraintree relative to planting below grade and that mulch applications should be only at thin layers sufficient to inhibit weeds. Bougainvillea goldenraintrees were more susceptible to the adverse effects of below-grade installation and excess mulch applications than were green ash trees.
Effect of Fertilization and Backfill Amendments on Soil Characteristics, Growth, and Leaf Gas Exchange of English Oak (Quercus roburL.)
Authors: Ferrini F. , Giuntoli A. , Nicese F.P. , Pellegrini S. , Vignozzi N.
Published: February 2022

The influence of fertilization and soil amendments on plant growth and leaf gas exchange was monitored on English oak trees (Quercus roburL.) over a 3-year period after planting. The results indicate that shoot growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and leaf gas exchange were higher in fertilized plants, especially during the second and third years after planting. However, compost and leonardite were rarely better than the control. Soil physical characteristics were positively influenced by soil amendments, which promoted a better structure and lowered penetration resistance compared to control and fertilization.
Soil Inoculum Potential and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ofAcer rubrumin Forested and Developed Landscapes
Authors: Wiseman P. Eric , Wells Christina
Published: February 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with numerous landscape tree species and can improve tree growth and environmental stress tolerance. Construction-related soil disturbance is thought to diminish AMF colonization of transplanted trees in newly developed landscapes. We gathered root, soil, and foliar data from red maples (Acer rubrum) growing in newly developed landscape sites and adjacent native forest sites to test two independent hypotheses: (1) landscape trees show lower levels of AMF colonization than forest trees, and (2) the AMF inoculum potential of landscape soils is lower than that of forest soils. Fine roots sampled from landscape maples had significantly lower AMF colonization than maples from adjacent forest sites (3% versus 22%). However, soil–sand mixtures made from landscape soils possessed greater AMF inoculum potential than those made from forest soils (10% versus 4%). Forest soils were more acidic and possessed less extractable P than landscape soils, and differences in AMF colonization between field and landscape maples appeared to reflect differences in soil chemical properties rather than in inoculum potential. The results of this study suggest that not all disturbed landscape soils are deficient in AMF propagules.
Establish a Research Support Room in your institution / healthcare facility
Authors: Mota Licia , Pires de Albuquerque Cleandro , Dias Malvão Guilherme , Araújo Rodrigues de Oliveira Fernando , Lane Mendonça da Silva Dayde , Noronha Elza
Published: February 2022

Step by step guide to create a Research Support Room, an enduring service to offer support for healthcare professionals – and anyone who wants to conduct health research – in the design and development of a health research project.
The Role of Vitamin D and Zinc In Facing COVID-19 Injury
Authors: Jassim Yazi Abdullah
Published: February 2022

There is no universal cure in treating patients with COVID-19. Although many countries have announced findings of extrapolation on the COVID-19 vaccine trial, it will be difficult to determine the urgent need for an urgent issue that will likely require several months, including vaccination. At the same time, a strategic, preventive, immune-enhancing approach should be considered to commit to strengthening the immune system to enhance host resistance to infection. Aim: This review article aims to review the current literature to explore scientifically discussed updates that stimulate the immune system as a prevention and treatment for COVID-19, based on its antiviral properties.
Digital Transformation as a Tool for Organizational Change and Value Creation
Authors: Aboiron Ethan , Aboiron Jeremie
Published: February 2022

The impact of digital transformation in organizations can be approached from different perspectives. In this article we will focus on the issue of organizational change and value creation through digital transformation. We will see that digital transformation affects or-ganizations as well as their structure. We will observe the impact of this through theories of structural contingency. Beyond the organiza-tional change, we will see that the digital transformation will impact the primary functions of the organization, the support functions, and the decision-making processes through informational issues. The digital era opens up new opportunities for organizations in terms of manufac-turing processes, automation, and decision-making.
The Consumer as Homo Sapiens: On the Practical Relevance of Research On Consumer Behavior
Authors: Wohllebe Atilla
Published: February 2022

For economics, Nobel laureate Richard H. Thaler has called for understanding humans more as homo sapiens and less as homo economicus in order to bring research closer to reality. This essay applies his critique to the study of consumer behavior and its relevance in corporate practice. The author criticizes that the findings of consumer behavior research are often too abstract and too strongly related to a specific context to derive direct practical recommendations for action from a company's perspective. The causes identified are the use of sometimes oversimplified models and the collection of too narrow samples. In order to align business research with regard to consumer behavior more closely to practice, the use of more comprehensive models and larger samples, greater standardization and a stronger focus on meta-analyses are suggested to bring together findings from different contexts more effectively and make them comparable.
Discrimination Versus Diversity: The Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Dirrler Phyllis
Published: February 2022

Despite the controversial results of Becker (1993), there are aspects of his work, which can be considered as relevant, even in today’s globalized world. Even though, within this essay the main argument is that humans behave more irrationally than suggested by the traditional rational theory or Becker’s (1993) findings, it still needs to be highlighted that some of the problems pointed out by Becker (1993) in terms of discrimination can still be considered today, when researching diversity and conflict.
“This Is So Cool”: A Phenomenological Study on Virtual Reality Novelty
Authors: Cox Megan , Yetter Casey
Published: February 2022

Virtual reality (VR) technology often provides immersive experiences through which consumers can better understand how a product works or why they should invest in a product (Dennis, 2010). Consumers who use VR are often able to simulate authentic experiences that feel “real-life” (Diemer et al., 2015). VR experience has also been associated with the characteristics of immersion, presence, interactivity (Mutterlein, 2018), and vividness (Van Kerrebroeck et al., 2017). Novelty and first-time VR use have been investigated to some extent in research on education (Adams et al., 2009; Merchant et al., 2014), but VR novelty has not been studied in-depth in other disciplines. This study takes a phenomenological approach, which uses in-depth descriptions of participants’ experiences of a real-life phenomenon to understand those experiences better and lay the foundation for future studies (Cresswell & Poth, 2018). The research uses a sample of 27 participants who experienced VR for the first time and answered open-ended questions concerning that experience, in addition to demographic questions. Participants were given 30 minutes each to select from various VR games and YouTube 360 videos in their first-ever encounter with using a VR headset. In-depth field notes were taken during the experience by the researchers, and post-experience interview prompts for participants were based on previous studies on VR immersion and flow theory. This exploratory, phenomenological study provides three themes that emerged from the data: disorientation and immersion, surprise, and a gradual release on reality. Possibilities for future research and the addition of novelty to the technology acceptance model are discussed.
The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: a copula-based approach
Authors: Otero Noelia , Jurado Oscar E. , Butler Tim , Rust Henning W.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Ozone pollution and high temperatures have adverse health impacts that can be amplified by the combined effects of ozone and temperature. Moreover, changes in weather patterns are expected to alter ozone pollution episodes and temperature extremes. In particular, atmospheric blocking is a high-impact, large-scale phenomenon at mid-high latitudes that has been associated with temperature extremes. This study examines the impact of atmospheric blocking on the ozone and temperature dependence among measurement stations over Europe during the period 1999–2015. We use a copula-based method to model the dependence between the two variables under blocking and non-blocking conditions. This approach allows us to examine the impact of blocks on the joint probability distribution. Our results showed that blocks lead to increasing strength in the upper tail dependence of ozone and temperature extremes (> 95th percentile) in north-west and central Europe (e.g. the UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany and the north-west of France). The analysis of the probability hazard scenarios revealed that blocks generally enhance the probability of compound ozone and temperature events by 20 % in a large number of stations over central Europe. The probability of ozone or temperature exceedances increases 30 % (on average) under the presence of atmospheric blocking. Furthermore, we found that, in a number of stations over north-western Europe, atmospheric blocking increases the probability of ozone exceedances by 30 % given high temperatures. Our results point out the strong influence of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone and temperature events, suggesting that blocks might be considered a relevant predicting factor when assessing the risks of ozone-heat-related health effects.