bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome Components and Acute Pancreatitis: A Case-Control Study in China
Authors: Shen Zhemin , Wang Xueqiao , Zhen Zili , Wang Yao , Sun Peilong
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. Recent evidence has shown that metabolic syndrome is positively correlated with the severity of AP. However, only a few studies have revealed the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. We therefore elucidated the association between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 705 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were included in the study. Subjects were divided into case and control groups according to their diagnosis: (1) According to the revised Atlanta classification from 2012, patients diagnosed with AP were enrolled in the case group. (2) Patients without a history of AP or any disease related to metabolic syndrome were allocated into the control group. Controls were matched to cases individually by sex and age (control/case ratio=1). Results: The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in AP patients was 30.9%, which was more frequent than that in controls (13.2%) (OR=2.837; 95% CI 1.873-4.298, p<0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, a history of smoking or alcohol consumption and biliary stones were significantly associated with AP (OR=2.441; 95% CI 1.865-5.172, p<0.001; OR=1.777; 95% CI 1.060-2.977, p=0.029; OR=28.995; 95% CI 13.253-63.435, p<0.001). In addition, the occurrence of AP was significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC) (OR=1.992; 95% CI 1.246-3.183, p=0.004), triglyceride (TG) (OR=2.134; 95% CI 1.403-3.245, p<0.001), hyperglycaemia (OR=2.261; 95% CI 1.367-3.742, p=0.001), and apolipoprotein A (Apo A) (OR=0.270; 95% CI 0.163-0.447, p<0.001). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its components were associated with AP occurrence.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Berpendekatan Socioscientific Issue Terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Khozin Muhammad Nur , Rahmawati Atik , Wibowo Teguh
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berpendekatan socioscientific issue terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi minyak bumi di MAN 2 Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan menggunakan desain penelitian noneqivalent control group design. Teknik pengumpulan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling, didapatkan dua kelas sampel yaitu kelas eksperimen (XI MIPA 1) dan kelas kontrol (XI MIPA 2). Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata, uji efektivitas variabel, dan uji korelasi antar variabel. Hasil penelitian diperoleh peningkatan rata-rata sikap peduli lingkungan dan hasil belajar kelas ekperimen 43,04 dan 44,74 sedangkan kelas kontrol 26,23 dan 24,38. Uji efektivitas variabel menghasilkan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 nilai probabilitas 0,05 untuk sikap peduli lingkungan dan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 nilai probabilitas 0,05 untuk hasil belajar. Uji korelasi antar variabel menghasilkan nilai rxy = 0,617 dan dinyatakan signifikan dengan korelasi cukup kuat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berpendekatan socioscientific issue efektif digunakan pada pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan sikap peduli lingkungan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi minyak bumi di MAN 2 Rembang.
Embedded fuzzy-based models in hydraulic jump prediction
Authors: Zounemat-Kermani Mohammad , Mahdavi-Meymand Amin
Published: December 2020

This study aims to evaluate the learning ability and performance of five meta-heuristic optimization algorithms in training forward and recurrent fuzzy-based machine learning models, such as adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and RANFIS (recurrent ANFIS), to predict hydraulic jump characteristics, i.e., downstream flow depth (h2) and jump length (Lj). To meet this end, the firefly algorithm (FA), particle swarm algorithm (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), genetic algorithm (GA), and moth-flame optimization algorithm (MFO) are embedded with the fuzzy-based models, which represent the main contribution of this study. The analysis of the results of predicting hydraulic jump characteristics shows that the embedded ANFIS and RANFIS models are more accurate than the empirical relations proposed by the previous researchers. Comparing the performance of the embedded RANFISs and ANFISs methods in predicting Lj represents the superiority of the RANFIS models to the ANFISs. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that among the input independent parameters, flow discharge (Q) is the most important factor in predicting downstream flow depth in weak, oscillating, and steady hydraulic jumps (1.7 < Froude number < 9), while the upstream flow depth (h1) is more important than the other input parameters in strong hydraulic jumps (Froude number > 9).
The spotted zebra: Cohabitation between informal solutions and public-owned infrastructures for water supply in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region
Authors: Maiello Antonella , de Paiva Britto Ana Lucia Nogueira , Quintslr Suyá
Published: December 2020

In many emerging and developing countries hybrid systems, not completely public nor private, have become a regrettable unstandardized ‘standard’ for water and sanitation service (WSS) provisions. These spotted zebras deserve the attention of both the scientific community and policymakers being ambiguous solutions. On the one hand, the hybrid systems allow broadening the access to the water supply service in face of the challenge to manage, maintain and adapt large infrastructures in a time of increasing climate change impacts, water-supply demand and drinking water scarcity. On the other hand, by embodying informal artefacts and unregulated behaviours to use natural resources, the hybrid systems enhance the vulnerability and precariousness of the population that is normally not reached by the formal public infrastructure. The paper presents findings of research conducted in Queimados, in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. Our study suggests that grassroots solutions, albeit being an opportunity when integrated, represent a threat when standing alone, and it is critical to further discuss ways to promote such integration within a structured institutional public framework. Conclusions stress the need to rethink the grassroots engagement within socio-technical transition emphasizing the nexus between political culture, civic education and infrastructural solutions.
Calculation of optimal tax rate of water resources and analysis of social welfare based on CGE model: a case study in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Tian Gui-liang , Wu Zheng , Hu Yu-can
Published: December 2020

The determination of the optimal tax rate of water resources is one of the core as well as the key economic and technological issue in the ‘fee to tax’ work of water resources in China. Therefore, based on the introduction of the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of water resources tax, using production parameters and consumption parameters of Hebei province in 2008–2017, the optimal tax rate of water resources is simulated and calculated, and the impact of the optimal tax rate on social welfare is analyzed. The results show that the reference of the best water resources tax rate in Hebei Province is 18%, and taxation on water resources effectively promotes the water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency in Hebei, which is beneficial to its water resources protection. The effective calculation of the optimal tax rate of water resources tax in Hebei Province proves the effectiveness of the CGE model in the formulation of water resources tax rate, which provides an important reference for the nationwide popularization of water resources ‘fee to tax reform’ in China and the formulation of water resources tax rate in other regions.
Spatial distribution of extreme precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau and effects of external forcing factors based on Generalized Pareto Distribution
Authors: Gao Jiajia , Ma Pengfei , Du Jun , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: December 2020

The daily precipitation data of the years 1955–2017 from May to September were retrieved; then a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) and maximum likelihood methods were adopted to understand trends and calculate the reappearance period of heavy precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The daily precipitation values at 22 stations in the TP were found to conform to the model, and theoretical and measured frequencies were consistent. According to the spatial distribution of the maximum precipitation value, the extreme values of Shigatse and Lhasa showed large fluctuations, and the probability of record-breaking precipitation events was low. In the western part of Nagqu, the probability of extreme precipitation was relatively low, and that of record-breaking precipitation was relatively high. The peak values of extreme precipitation in the flood season in the TP generally exhibited a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest, and the extreme value of the flood season that reappeared in the southeast region was approximately twice that of the northwest region. The maximum rainfall in most areas will exceed 20 mm in the next 5–10 years, and the maximum rainfall in Shigatse will reach 52.7 mm. After 15 years of recurrence in various regions, the peak rainfall in the flood season has become low. Most of the regions in the model have different responses to ENSO and Indian Ocean monsoon indices with external forcing factors.
Selective adsorption behavior of Cd2+ imprinted acrylamide-crosslinked-poly(alginic acid) magnetic polymers: fabrication, characterization, adsorption performance and mechanism
Authors: Li Zuyu , Guo Shuangzhen , Li Da , Zang Lihua
Published: December 2020

Poly(acrylamide) grafted and glutaraldehyde-crosslinked alginic acid nano-magnetic adsorbent (AAMA) was prepared by selecting Cd2+ as a template ion. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of AAMA. The adsorption of AAMA for different metal ions was compared and the impact of various factors for adsorption of Cd2+ was systematically investigated. These results suggested that the AAMA was the aggregates of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a diameter of about 50–100 nm and had selectivity for Cd2+ adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cd2+ is 175 mg/g at pH 5.0 and 303 K. The experimental data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model. The parameters of adsorption thermodynamics concluded that the adsorption progress is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The parameters of adsorption activation energy suggested that there is physical adsorption and chemisorption on the adsorption of metal ions. AAMA could be regenerated by EDTA and still keep 71% adsorption capacity in the fifth consecutive adsorption-regeneration cycle. Therefore, AAMA would be useful as a selective and high adsorption capacity nano-magnetic adsorbent in the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater.
Evolution and Structure of API5 and Its Roles in Anti-Apoptosis
Authors: Chen Meishan , Wu Weiwei , Liu Dongwu , Lv Yanhua , Deng Hongkuan , Gao Sijia , Gu Yaqi , Huang Mujie , Guo Xiao , Liu Baohua , Zhao Bosheng , Pang Qiuxiang
Published: December 2020

Apoptosis, also named programmed cell death, is a highly conserved physiological
mechanism. Apoptosis plays crucial roles in many life processes, such as tissue development, organ
formation, homeostasis maintenance, resistance against external aggression, and immune responses.
Apoptosis is regulated by many genes, among which Apoptosis Inhibitor-5 (API5) is an effective
inhibitor, though the structure of API5 is completely different from the other known Inhibitors
of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs). Due to its high expression in many types of tumors, API5 has received
extensive attention, and may be an effective target for cancer treatment. In order to comprehensively
and systematically understand the biological roles of API5, we summarized the evolution
and structure of API5 and its roles in anti-apoptosis in this review.
Metabolism of Direct-acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs) in Hepatitis C Therapy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Mikolasevic Ivana , Kanizaj Tajana F. , Bozic Dorotea , Puz Petra , Shapeski Sanja S. , Puljiz Zeljko , Radic-Kristo Delfa , Lalovac Milos , Mijic Maja , Delija Bozena , Juric Toni , Bogadi Ivan , Virovic-Jukic Lucija
Published: December 2020

Background::

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease,
with chronically infected making up approximately 1% of the global population. Of those infected, 70%
(55-85%) will develop chronic HCV infection. Chronic HCV infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality,
with complications including cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and eventually
death.

Objective::

Therapeutic options for chronic HCV infection have evolved dramatically since 2014, with a translation
from pegylated interferon and ribavirin (associated with suboptimal cure and high treatment-related toxicity)
to oral direct-acting antiviral treatment. There are four classes of direct-acting antivirals which differ by
their mechanism of action and therapeutic target. They are all pointed to proteins that form the cytoplasmic viral
replication complex. Multiple studies have demonstrated that direct-acting antiviral therapy is extremely
well tolerated, highly efficacious, with few side effects.

Methods::

We performed an indexed MEDLINE search with keywords regarding specific direct-acting antiviral
regimes and their pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and metabolism in specific settings of pregnancy,
lactation, liver cirrhosis, liver transplantation and HCC risk, kidney failure and kidney transplantation.

Results::

We present a comprehensive overview of specific direct-acting antiviral metabolism and drug-drug interaction
issues in different settings.

Conclusion::

Despite its complex pharmacokinetics and the possibility of drug-drug interactions, direct-acting
antivirals are highly efficacious in providing viral clearance, which is an obvious advantage compared to possible
interactions or side effects. They should be administered cautiously in patients with other comorbidities,
and with tight control of immunosuppressive therapy.
The Role of EGCG in Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy.
Authors: Romano Adriana , Martel Fátima
Published: December 2020

Background::

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Green tea has been studied
for breast cancer chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects due to its high content in
polyphenolic compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG).

Method::

This review is based on literature research that included papers registered on the Medline®
database. The research was conducted through PubMed, applying the following query: “EGCG”AND
"breast cancer”. The result was a total of 88 articles in which this review stands on.

Results::

In vitro, EGCG shows antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties, depending on the concentration
and exposure time. EGCG blocks cell cycle progression and modulates signaling pathways that affect
cell proliferation and differentiation. EGCG also induces apoptosis, negatively modulates different
steps involved in metastasis, and targets angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF transcription. In vivo investigations
have shown that oral administration of EGCG results in the reduction of tumor growth and in
antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects in animal xenograft and allograft models.

Discussion::

Much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects
of EGCG on mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, more studies in vivo are necessary to determine
the potential toxicity of EGCG at higher doses and to elucidate its interactions with other drugs.

Conclusion::

A protective effect of EGCG has been shown in different experimental models and under
different experimental conditions, suggesting clinical implications of EGCG for breast cancer prevention
and therapy. The data presented in this review support the importance of further investigations.
Healing Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles in Deep Tissue Injury Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Han Shangcong , Liu Panpan , Yang Xu , Han Jing , Wang Aimin , Zhang Ju
Published: December 2020

Background:

Chronic inflammation and lack of angiogenesis are the important pathological
mechanisms in Deep Tissue Injury (DTI). Curcumin is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
agent. However, curcumin is unstable under acidic and alkaline conditions and can be
rapidly metabolized and excreted in the bile, which shortens its bioactivity and efficacy.

Objective:

This study aimed to prepare curcumin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles
(CPNPs) and to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of wound healing
in DTI models.

Methods:

CPNPs were evaluated for particle size, biocompatibility, in vitro drug release and their
effect on in vivo wound healing.

Results :

The results of in vivo wound closure analysis revealed that CPNP treatments significantly
improved wound contraction rates (p<0.01) at a faster rate than the other three treatment groups.
H&E staining revealed that CPNP treatments resulted in complete epithelialization and thick granulation
tissue formation. In contrast, control groups resulted in a lack of compact epithelialization
and persistence of inflammatory cells within the wound sites. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
showed that treatment with CPNPs suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression, and up-regulated
TGF-β, VEGF-A and IL-10 mRNA expression. Western blot analysis showed up-regulated protein
expression of TGF-β, VEGF-A and phosphorylated-STAT3.

Conclusion:

Our results showed that CPNPs enhanced wound healing in DTI models through modulation
of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and subsequent upregulation of pro-healing factors.
Preparation and Characterization of Natural Quercetin-Based Mongolia Medicine Sendeng-4 Nanoemulsion (N-QUE-NE) and its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Du Rina , Zhao Pengwei , Lu Sha , Wu Rina , Wu Shikui
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Quercetin is the main active ingredient of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.
Traditional compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine has typically reported a synergistic
interaction among multiple components, while the synergistic effects of nanoemulsion have not
been fully clarified.

Objective:

The paper aims to study the preparation and characterization of quercetin-based Mongolia
Medicine Sendeng-4 nanoemulsion (N-QUE-NE) and its antibacterial activity and mechanisms.

Methods:

The morphology of the nanoemulsion was observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM), and the zeta potential, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and particle size distribution were
determined by the nanometer particle size analyze. The stability of nanoemulsion was investigated
by light test, high-speed centrifugal test and storage experiment at different temperatures. The combined
bacteriostatic effect of N-QUE-NE was studied in vitro by the double-dilution method and
checkerboard dilution method.

Results:

The appearance of N-QUE-NE was pale yellow, clear and transparent. The nanoemulsion
particles were spherical and uniformly distributed under TEM. The PDI was 0.052, the average particle
size was 19.6nm, and the Zeta potential was -0.2mV. When quercetin nanoemulsion (QUENE)
was used in combination with tannin nanoemulsion (TAN-NE) and toosendanin nanoemulsion
(TOO-NE), it exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect. However, the combination of QUE-NE
and geniposide nanoemulsion (GEN-NE) exhibited an antagonistic effect. It was revealed that the
antibacterial effect was in the order of quercetin-tannin-toosendanin nanoemulsion (QUE-TANTOO-
NE) > quercetin-tannin nanoemulsion (QUE-TAN-NE) > QUE-NE > quercetin-tannintoosendanin-
geniposide nanoemulsion (QUE-TAN-TOO-GEN-NE).

Conclusion:

This study explored the preparation and efficacy of N-QUE-NE, and the results
showed that quercetin, tannin and toosendanin had satisfactory synergistic antibacterial effects.
The antagonistic effect of quercetin and geniposide in nanoemulsion indicated that it is not beneficial
to the antibacterial effect of Sendeng-4, and further research needs to be conducted to clarify
its antibacterial effect.
Recent Advances in the Development of 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents and Inhibitors of Lanoster ol 14α-Demethylase
Authors: Haroun Michelyne , Tratrat Christophe , Kochkar Hafedh , Nair Anroop B.
Published: December 2020

1,2,3-Triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus, is widely recognized as a key chromophore of great value in medicinal chemistry for delivering compounds possessing innumerable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory activities. Mainly, in the past years, diverse conjugates carrying this biologically valuable core have been reported due to their attractive fungicidal potential and potent effects on various infective targets. Hence, hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole with other antimicrobial pharmacophores appears to be a judicious strategy to develop new effective anti-fungal candidates to combat the emergence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant infectious diseases. Thus, the current review highlights the recent advances of this promising category of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids incorporating diverse varieties of bioactive heterocycles such as conozole, coumarin, imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, chromene, pyrane, quinazoline, chalcone, isoflavone, carbohydrates, and amides. It underlies their inhibition behavior against a wide array of infectious fungal species during 2015-2020.
Proteomic Study of the Mechanism of Talin-C as an Inhibitor of HIV Infection
Authors: Yin Lin , Zhang Yujiao , Shi Huichun , Xing Yaru , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Lijun
Published: December 2020

Background:

Talin-1 is involved in the invasion and synapse development of the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We found that talin-1 was cleaved into a 38 KDa fragment
(talin-C) in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of HIV patients; however, the underlying
mechanisms remain unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the relationship between talin-C and HIV infection and
to identify the mechanisms underlying the ability of this protein to influence HIV infection.

Methods:

PBMCs were derived from HIV-infected patients enrolled in this study. N- and C-terminal
peptides matching the potential sequence of talin-C were detected in PBMCs by Multiple Reaction
Monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. TZM-b1 cells were infected with HIV-1 pseudotyped
virus (HIVpp) for different durations to detect the talin-C product. Three stable cell lines overexpressing
the talin head (TLN1-H) or TLN1-C or with TLN1 knockdown (shTLN1) were created and
infected by HIVpp. The HIV marker protein (P24) was then detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay. Finally, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics
study was performed to detect the TLN1-C-regulated proteins with or without HIVpp infection
in TZM-bl cells. The identified proteins were analyzed by R version 4.0.2 and STRING software
(Version: 11.0) (https://string-db.org).

Results:

N- and C-peptides of talin-C were detected to have higher expression in patients with lower
HIV load. Talin-C was produced during HIVpp infection. TLN1-C significantly inhibited HIVpp
infection in the TZM-b1 cells. Additionally, a proteomic study found that TLN1-C regulated the expression
of 99 proteins in TZM-b1 cells with and without HIVpp infection, respectively. According
to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, proteins with cellular metabolic processes and binding function
were found to be enriched. Thirty-four proteins have protein-protein interaction, 19 down- and
15 up-regulated proteins, respectively.

Conclusion:

Talin-C was produced following HIV infection and was inversely proportional to
HIV load. A proteomic study indicated that TLN1-C might be involved in HIV infection through
regulating metabolic processes.
Human postnatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Islets as a Model for Diabetes Research
Authors: Kharat Avinash , Chandravanshi Bhawna , Sanap Avinash , Kheur Supriya , Bhonde Ramesh
Published: December 2020

The scarcity of human cadaver islets for transplantation in patients with Diabetes Mellitus
(DM) has necessitated the search for alternative islet sources. With advancing islet biology research,
Islet-Like Clusters (ILCs) derived from stem cells have demonstrated potential for treating
DM and in novel drug discovery programs for drug and cytotoxicity testing. In vitro differentiation
of ILCs from stem cells also provides an opportunity to mimic the in vivo islet developmental pathways.
In vitro derived ILCs are often considered immature as they do not respond to glucose challenges
efficiently. However, the in vitro and in vivo performance of ILCs can be improved by pharmacological
preconditioning. In this review, we discuss how ILCs generated from human postnatal
tissues can be utilized as an in-vitro model to study cytotoxicity, drug screening and enhancement
of transplantation efficacy. The use of human cadaver islets is not permitted for research purposes
in India. Under these restrictions, the application of ILCs in drug screening and their role in complementing,
reducing, and replacing animal testing will evolve as a reliable platform for in vitro
screening as well as for stem cell-based treatment in DM.
A Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Presence of R-α-lipoic Acid and S-α-lipoic Acid After Protein Precipitation in Rat Plasma and its Application in a Toxicokinetic Study
Authors: Qiao Hongqun , Zhou Wenjun , Xu Lingling , Yuan Yanjuan , Shao Qing
Published: December 2020

Background:

Lipoic acid is the only known chiral antioxidant that is both lipidsoluble
and water-soluble. It is often used as a treatment for peripheral polyneuropathy
caused by diabetes, alcohol, and chemicals. However, only a few long-term toxicological studies
have been conducted on R-α-lipoic acid, which is a bioactive ingredient in lipoic acid.

Objective:

In this study, a simple, efficient, sensitive and stable LC-MS/MS method was used to
determine RLA in rats, using deu-lipoic acid as an internal standard.

Method:

The samples to be detected were plasma samples treated with protein precipitation and
the simultaneous determination of the presence of R-α-lipoic acid and S-α-lipoic acid was conducted
using LC-MS/MS. An isocratic elution program with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile
and 0.1% formic acid water solution (52/48) used for chromatographic separation was set up
using a CHIRALPAK® IE C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min.
A negative electrospray ionization source was chosen, and the multiple monitoring (MRM) mode
was applied.

Results:

R-α-lipoic acid and S-α-lipoic acid both were found to be present at a linear range of 5-
5000 ng/mL. The plasma samples were stable under various storage conditions and temperatures.
The toxicokinetics study indicated that there were gender differences and that R-α-lipoic acid
showed bioaccumulative toxicity after long-term daily administration. In addition, R-α-lipoic acid
and S-α-lipoic acid were not converted into each other in the rats.

Conclusions:

The method established was successfully used for the long-term toxicokinetic study
of R-α-lipoic acid administered to rats through caudal vein injection. The toxicokinetics results
indicated the presence of gender differences and the toxic accumulation of R-α-lipoic acid. The
two enantiomers were not converted into each other in the rats.
The Effect of Pomegranate Juice on the Expression of Some Murine UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Genes
Authors: Irshaid Yacoub M. , Alani Ruba , Al-Rawashdeh Razan , Al-Ghazawi Tuqa , Hijazi Hiba , Amara Dana , Hammad Amena , Shahrure Zaineh M. , Al-Shhab Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background::

Food-drug interactions may lead to suppression or induction of drug metabolizing
enzymes. Pomegranate is a commonly used fruit in folk medicine all over the world. Data
concerning the effect of pomegranate on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) is
scarce.

Objective::

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice ingestion on
the transcription of ugt2b1, ugt2a3, and ugt1a9 in the liver and small intestine of male mice.

Methods::

Pomegranate juice was administered to 10 male mice for 14 days in drinking bottles instead
of water. Ten control mice received water in the drinking bottles. On the 15th day, the mice
were sacrificed and the liver and the small intestine were removed. The small intestine was divided
into 3 parts. Total mRNA was extracted from samples of these specimens, and cDNA was synthesized
by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for
each ugt gene.

Results::

The ugt1a9 mRNA level was reduced by 2.25-fold in the liver and by 6-, 1.5-, and 3-folds
in the first, second and third part of the small intestine, respectively. The ugt2b1 mRNA level in
the liver and the third part of the small intestine was not affected, while it was reduced by 3.7- and
3-folds in the first and second parts of the small intestine, respectively. The ugt2a3 mRNA level
was not affected in the liver and the 3 parts of the small intestine.

Conclusions::

Some ugt mRNA levels may be reduced by the ingestion of pomegranate juice, which
may reduce the metabolism of their drug substrates. The consequences may be an accumulation of
such drugs in the body and enhanced toxicity.
Natural Products, the Continuous Source of Therapeutic Molecules for Various Diseases: Literature Landscape Analysis
Authors: Yeung Andy W.K. , Mocan Andrei , Tzvetkov Nikolay T. , Šmejkal Karel , Heiss Elke H. , Atanasov Atanas G.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Substances present in nature have been a continuous source for the development of drugs for
cardiovascular and infectious diseases, cancer, and many other diseases. As the literature concerning these natural
products grows, it becomes more difficult for a reader to quickly grasp the essential facts and develop a well-informed
impression of this field of research. Until now, it has also been difficult to determine which natural products and research
objectives were receiving the most attention as measured by number of citations.

Objective:

The current study of all published articles concerned with natural products sought to identify which natural
products and which research objectives are connected with the major contributors to scientific journals based on the
number of relevant publications and the number of times each publication was cited elsewhere.

Methods:

Bibliometric data, including citation data, were extracted from the Web of Science database using the search
string TS=(“natural product*)” and analyzed by the VOSviewer software.

Results:

The search yielded 63,194 articles, with more than half of the manuscripts published since 2012. The ratio of
original articles to reviews was 5.8:1. The major contributing countries were the United States, China, Germany, Japan, and India. Articles were published mainly in journals focused on chemistry, pharmacology or biochemistry. Curcumin,
resveratrol, and terpenoids were the most frequently cited natural products.

Conclusion:

The results of the current study provide researchers from different backgrounds and healthcare professionals
with a brief overview of the major trends in natural-product research in the form of a citation-based summary of the
relevant literature.
Functional Materials Based on Nanoparticle Modified Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Tchaikovskaya Olga N. , Bocharnikova Elena N. , Lysak Ilya A. , Malinovskaya Tatiana D. , Lysak Galina V. , Plotnikova Inna , Sakipova Saule E.
Published: December 2020

Background:

The formation and modification of the surface of polypropylene fibers provide
a versatile material for a variety of applications.

Objective:

This research examines the production of new materials by pneumatic spraying of a polypropylene
melt jet, on the surface of which metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are prepared using
the sol-gel technique and photoreduction followed by ultra-high frequency processing. We used the
obtained materials to remove Bisphenol A in the photoreactor.

Method:

Based on an analysis of the obtained values of the numerical characteristics in the spray
zone and the physical essence of the criteria under consideration, a mechanism for the destruction of
the melt jet from the formation of a fiber-forming system is proposed. Analysis of the degradation of
Bisphenol A was carried out by electron spectroscopy and fluorescence.

Results:

A composite active layer, “polymer – inorganic nanoparticles”, on the surface of polypropylene
fibers has been demonstrated to create new photocatalytic materials. Bisphenol A in water
was examined as a toxicant.

Conclusion:

Based on the analysis of the obtained values of the numerical characteristics in the
spray zone and the physical essence of the considered criteria, it was found that the pressure drop in
the nozzle, the nozzle critical section area, and the rheological properties of the melt are dominating
factors in the influence on the morphology and size of the ultra-fine fibers obtained by pneumatic
spraying. It was determined that materials based on a polypropylene carrier with the largest diameter
of 6.71 μm have the best sorption capacity for Bisphenol A. A decrease in the concentration of bisphenol
A in water by more than two times in 30 minutes of UV irradiation in the presence of polypropylene
was achieved without additional injection of oxidants.
A Review on Designing Poly (Lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Naskar Sweet , Das Sanjoy Kumar , Sharma Suraj , Kuotsu Ketousetuo
Published: December 2020

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a versatile synthetic polymer comprehensively
used in the pharmaceutical sector because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. These benefits
lead to its application in the area of nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery for over thirty years.
This article offers a general study of the different poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PNPs),
preparation methods such as emulsification-solvent evaporation, coacervation, emulsification
solvent diffusion, dialysis, emulsification reverse salting out, spray drying nanoprecipitation, and
supercritical fluid technology, from the methodological point of view. The physicochemical behavior
of PNPs, including morphology, drug loading, particle size and its distribution, surface
charge, drug release, stability as well as cytotoxicity study and cellular uptake, are briefly discussed.
This survey additionally coordinates to bring a layout of the significant uses of PNPs in different
drug delivery system over the three decades. At last, surface modifications of PNPs and PLGA
nanocomplexes (NCs) are additionally examined.
Ameliorative Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extracts on Memory Impairments
in Stress Triggered Rats
Authors: Kamboj Parul , Thakur Ajit Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background:

Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Family: Fabaceae) is known to be a very useful
medicinal plant in the Traditional Medicinal Systems since centuries. With ethnopharmacological
values, it is a well-reported plant for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic, expectorant and
antidepressant activities.

Objective:

Although the plant has been described to possess memory enhancing activity, the present
study focused on examining the comparative effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts viz.
flavonoid rich (GGFE) and glycyrrhizin rich (GGGE) in stress-triggered rats and providing future
research insights on this herbal drug, for which no scientific justification has been reported till
now.

Methods:

Male Wister rats divided into 7 different groups (n= 6 per group) were given chronic
foot-shock stress for 21 successive days with scheduled administration of the extracts (50 and 100
mg/kg) and standard drug (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Elevated Plus Maze, Rectangular Maze, Morris
Water Maze, and Locomotor activity were performed to test behavioral alteration and learning ability
of stressed rats. Further, rats were sacrificed to assay acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant
activity in brain samples for their mechanistic role in learning and memory.

Results:

Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra indicated a significant alteration in stress-induced learning
and memory deficiency in behavioral parameters studied. These extracts also modulated significant
changes in acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activity to improve the learning and memory
of stressed rats.

Conclusions:

Both the extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGFE and GGGE) were found to exert memory
enhancing property in stress-triggered rats. Moreover, the comparative results confirmed that
the high potential of GGGE in comparison to GGFE might be due to the rich glycyrrhizin content
present in GGGE responsible for acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme modulatory activities.
Therefore, GGGE could be used as a promising lead for further mechanistic and molecular
studies for defining the role of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Design and Development of Smart and Safe Helmet for Inhibiting COVID-19 Virus Infection: A Simple Idea for Solving the Big Crisis
Authors: Manjunatha C
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently spread worldwide due to the
SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been declared a pandemic. A possible solution to prevent or restrict the
spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is proposed in this article. Uncontrolled spread of the virus
through breathing is a major concern. It is ideal if the entry of the virus inside the human body is restricted,
as prevention is better than cure. Use of a “Smart-HELMET” that allows uncontaminated
air (virus/bacteria/microbes-free) to breathe is proposed. The design of the Smart-HELMET, its
working mechanism, the chemistry and biology of the virus-cell interaction inside a human body
are discussed in detail. The proposed ‘Smart-HELMET’ prevents the spread of any respiratory illness
through breathing. This is the need of the hour until a medicine/vaccine is made available in in
vivo condition.
Eu sou tu. Experiências ecocríticas
Authors: Neves José Pinheiro , Costa Pedro Rodrigues , Mascarenhas Maria Paula de Vilhena , Castro Ilda Teresa de , Salgado Virginia Román
Published: December 2020

Torna-se urgente “uma recomposição das práticas sociais e individuais (…) segundo três rubricas complementares – a ecologia social, a ecologia mental e a ecologia ambiental – sob a égide éticoestética de uma ecosofia” (Guattari, 1990, p. 23). Foi esta “urgência” que nos levou a organizar este livro. A necessidade foi a de reunir, para propagar e ecoar, um conjunto de fundamentos para uma ecologia político-social, que responda às problemáticas levantadas pelos diversos movimentos (feministas, urbanistas, LGBT, ecologistas, neo-anarquistas, artivistas, netativistas, entre outros); um conjunto de fundamentos para uma ecologia mental e psico-corporal, tendo em conta a necessidade de alertar para as novas formas de individuar, para novas subjetividades e para novos modos de responder aos diversos desafios da atual contingência; e um conjunto de fundamentos para uma ecologia sócio-ambiental, que se centre mais na relação com ecossistemas não antropocêntricos constituídos por minerais, vegetais e animais (agro-ecologia, permacultura, eco-aldeias, políticas florestais, agricultura biológica, agricultura de proximidade, horticultura terapêutica, entre outros). Os textos aqui reunidos vão neste sentido, apelando a um “eu sou tu” mais próximo de uma experiência verdadeiramente ecológica.
Verder reiken naar genezing. Een theologisch gesprek tussen christenen uit Afrika, de Andes en Nederland
Authors: Bom K.L.
Published: December 2020

This article aims to establish an intercultural theological dialogue among African, South American Andes and Dutch perspectives about healing. Part one explores different cultural contexts. Traditional cultures in both African and the Andes contribute to the Christian and integral understandings of healing of the body and mind of the individual, the spiritual and social dimensions, and the material environment. In the Netherlands, however, illness and healing are mainly understood from a modern point of view, one which understands religion and spirituality as strictly private issues that should be separated from public health care. Part two examines three major themes of the intercultural encounter on healing among people from these three contexts: (1) the nature – supernature divide; (2) Divine providence; and, (3) the power of the Holy Spirit.
Comparison of Word-Writing Performance according to the Degree of Cognitive Decline: Focused on Patients with Subjective Memory Complaint, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lee Han Sol , Cho Eun Byeol , Na Duk L. , Yoon Ji Hye
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Writing deficits are one of the major indicator of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to investigate the word-writing performance according to the degree of cognitive decline.Methods: Eighty-seven participants [30 patients with subjective memory complaint (SMC), 30 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 27 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)] performed tasks involving writing regular words, irregular (phoneme-grapheme noncorrespondent) words, and nonwords. Data were collected using a tablet personal computer and digital pen, and were analyzed according to four categories: the number of the correct response, error types, graphemic writing time, and pause time.Results: There was no difference between the SMC group and the aMCI group regardless of the writing task types, whereas the AD group scored significantly lower compared with the aMCI group in irregular word-writing task. Additionally, all three groups showed poor performance in the order of regular words, nonwords, and irregular words. The most frequent error types in all three groups were substitution, elision, and addition. There was no difference in the graphemic writing time and pause time.Conclusion: Our findings show that declined cognitive function may affect the lexical route during writing. This study is meaningful because it is the first attempt to investigate the word-writing performance according to the degree of the neuropathological deficits.
Особенности согласования нижнего электрода с высокочастотным генератором смещения при реактивно-ионном травлении массивных подложек
Authors: Полетаев С.Д. , Любимов А.И.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on reactive ion etching of massive substrates in freon-14 with RF bias at the lower electrode. A hypothesis is proposed according to which a large-sized substrate violates the matching of the lower electrode with the RF generator by adding an additional reactive component to the impedance of the lower electrode. A numerical simulation of reactive ion etching with substrates of various sizes in a CF4 environment is performed . The simulation results showed a significant increase in the reactive component of RF power at the lower electrode if the substrate area exceeds 50% of the area of the lower electrode, which is consistent with the proposed hypothesis. It has been experimentally shown that the etching of massive substrates violates the matching of the lower electrode with the RF generator. A special design of the substrate holder for massive substrates has been developed. It is shown that such a substrate holder significantly improves the matching of the RF generator with the lower electrode, especially when adding 0.3-0.9 l/h argon to the plasma-forming mixture.
The Association Between Chronic Disease and Serious COVID-19 Outcomes and Its Influence on Risk Perception: Survey Study and Database Analysis
Authors: Laires Pedro Almeida , Dias Sónia , Gama Ana , Moniz Marta , Pedro Ana R , Soares Patricia , Aguiar Pedro , Nunes Carla
Published: December 2020

Background

COVID-19, a viral respiratory disease first reported in December 2019, quickly became a threat to global public health. Further understanding of the epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the risk perception of the community may better inform targeted interventions to reduce the impact and spread of COVID-19.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to examine the association between chronic diseases and serious outcomes following COVID-19 infection, and to explore its influence on people’s self-perception of risk for worse COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods

This study draws data from two databases: (1) the nationwide database of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Portugal, extracted on April 28, 2020 (n=20,293); and (2) the community-based COVID-19 Barometer survey, which contains data on health status, perceptions, and behaviors during the first wave of COVID-19 (n=171,087). We assessed the association between relevant chronic diseases (ie, respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal diseases; diabetes; and cancer) and death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission following COVID-19 infection. We identified determinants of self-perception of risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes using logistic regression models.

Results

Respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal diseases were associated with mortality and ICU admission among patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.98; OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.80-6.40; and OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.66-3.06, respectively). Diabetes and cancer were associated with serious outcomes only when considering the full sample of COVID-19–infected cases in the country (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.64; and OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.89, respectively). Older age and male sex were both associated with mortality and ICU admission. The perception of risk for severe COVID-19 disease in the study population was 23.9% (n=40,890). This was markedly higher for older adults (n=5235, 46.4%), those with at least one chronic disease (n=17,647, 51.6%), or those in both of these categories (n=3212, 67.7%). All included diseases were associated with self-perceptions of high risk in this population.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the association between some prevalent chronic diseases and increased risk of worse COVID-19 outcomes. It also brings forth a greater understanding of the community’s risk perceptions of serious COVID-19 disease. Hence, this study may aid health authorities to better adapt measures to the real needs of the population and to identify vulnerable individuals requiring further education and awareness of preventive measures.