bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Variation of PM2.5 Indoors and Outdoors: Results from 261 Regulatory Monitors Compared to 14,000 Low-Cost Monitors in Three Western States over 4.7 Years
Authors: Wallace Lance Arthur , Zhao Tongke
Published: March 2023

Spatial variation of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 within three states for a 5-year period is studied using regulatory and low-cost PurpleAir monitors. Most of these data were collected in an earlier study1 investigating the relative contribution of indoor-generated and outdoor-infiltrated particles to indoor exposures. About 260 regulatory monitors and ~10,000 outdoor and ~4,000 indoor PurpleAir monitors are included. Daily mean PM2.5 concentrations, correlations, and coefficients of divergence (COD) are calculated for pairs of monitors at distances ranging from 0 (collocated) to 200 km. We use a transparent and reproducible open algorithm that avoids use of the proprietary algorithms provided by the manufacturer of the sensors in PurpleAir PA-I and PA-II monitors. The algorithm is available on the PurpleAir API website under the name “PM2.5_alt”. This algorithm is validated using several hundred pairs of regulatory and PurpleAir monitors separated by up to 0.5 km. The PM2.5 spatial variation outdoors is homogeneous with high correlations to at least 10 km, as shown by the COD index under 0.2. There is also a steady improvement in outdoor PM2.5 concentrations with increasing distance from the regulatory monitors. The spatial variation of indoor PM2.5 indoors is not homogeneous even at distances <100 m. We document substantial differences between Federal Reference Methods (FRM) and Federal Equivalent Methods (FEM).
The Matrix Receptor CD44 Is Present in Astrocytes Throughout the Human CNS and Accumulates in Hypoxia and Seizures
Authors: Al Dalahmah Osama , Sosunov Alexander A , Sun Yu , Liu Yang , Akpan Nsikan , Madden Nacoya , Connolly E. Sander , Troy Carol M , McKhann II Guy M , Goldman James E.
Published: March 2023

In the mammalian isocortex CD44, a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix molecules, is present in pial-based and fibrous astrocytes of white matter, but not the protoplasmic astrocytes. In the hominid isocortex, CD44+ astrocytes comprise the subpial “interlaminar” astrocytes, sending long processes into the cortex. The hippocampus also contains similar astrocytes. We have examined all levels of the human CNS and found CD44+ astrocytes in every region. Astrocytes in white matter and astrocytes that interact with large blood vessels, but not capillaries in gray matter, are CD44+, the latter extending long processes into the parenchyma. Motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord, such as oculomotor, facial, hypoglossal, and in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, are surrounded by CD44+ processes, contrasting with neurons in the cortex, basal ganglia and thalamus. We found CD44+ processes that intercalate between ependymal cells to reach the ventricle and that show a location-specific presence. We also found a CD44+ astrocyte in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Protoplasmic astrocytes, which do not normally contain CD44, acquire it in pathologies like hypoxia and seizures.
Summation Laws in Biological Systems
Authors: Westerhoff Hans V.
Published: March 2023

Dynamic variables in the non-equilibrium systems of life are determined by catalytic activities. These relate to the expression of the genome. The extent to which such a variable depends on the catalytic activity defined by a gene has become more and more important in view of the possibilities to modulate gene expression or intervene with enzyme function through the use of medicinal drugs. With all the complexity of cellular systems biology, there are still some very simple principles that guide the control of variables such as fluxes, concentrations, and half-times. Using time-unit invariance we here derive a multitude of laws governing the sums of the control coefficients that quantify the control of multiple variables by all the catalytic activities. We show that the sum of the control coefficients of any dynamic variable over all catalytic activities is determined by the control of the same property by time. When the variable is at a maximum, minimum or steady, this limits the sums to simple integers like 0, -1, 1, and -2, depending on the variable under consideration. Some of the implications for biological control are discussed as is the dependence of these results on the precise definition of control.
Forecasting Renewable Energy Generation with Machine learning and Deep Learning: Current Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Benti Natei Ermias , Chaka Mesfin Diro , Semie Addisu Gezahegn
Published: March 2023

This article presents a review of current advances and future prospects in the field of forecasting renewable energy generation using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electricity grid, accurate forecasting of their generation becomes crucial for efficient grid operation and energy management. Traditional forecasting methods have limitations, and thus ML and DL algorithms have gained popularity due to their ability to learn complex relationships from data and provide accurate predictions. This paper reviews the different approaches and models that have been used for renewable energy forecasting and discusses their strengths and limitations. It also highlights the challenges and future research directions in the field, such as dealing with uncertainty and variability in renewable energy generation, data availability, and model interpretability. Finally, this paper emphasizes the importance of developing robust and accurate renewable energy forecasting models to enable the integration of RES into the electricity grid and facilitate the transition towards a sustainable energy future.
Verification of Crossbar-Based Lattice through Modeling Technique
Authors: Datta Rajesh
Published: March 2023

The use of Nano crossbar-based switching lattice implementation of Boolean functions has been proposed as an alternative to traditional CMOS-based implementations [1] in digital circuits. As Moore’s law is expected to come to an end soon [2], the use of crossbar-based switching lattice implementation may be a solution to meet the demands of future electronic designs. In recent years, various methods and tools have been proposed for implementing boolean functions with crossbar struc- tures. In this work, a method for verifying crossbar-based lattice has been proposed and implemented. This kind of verification will be necessary for any design that utilizes this crossbar-based implementation of boolean logic.
Phagosomal Escape, Intracellular Survival and Induction of Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages
Authors: Bivona Dalida Angela , Bonomo Carmelo , Bonacci Paolo Giuseppe , Mirabile Alessia , Privitera Grete Francesca , Caruso Giuseppe , Caraci Filippo , Musso Nicolò , Bongiorno Dafne , Stefani Stefania
Published: March 2023

Phagosomal escape and intracellular survival, often accompanied by Small Colony Variants (SCVs) formation, are typical features of infections caused by S. aureus. The survival in macro-phages favours S. aureus dissemination and complicates treatment. RAW 264.7 murine macro-phages infected with S. aureus USA300 and treated with erythromycin and 20mM carnosine, alone and in combination, were used as experimental model. SCVs were isolated from all treat-ment conditions, but only those undergoing the pressure of combined erythromycin and carnosine for 48 hours were stable for at least six passages on blood agar. Nucleic acid extraction was car-ried out for S. aureus USA300 wild-type and stable SCVs. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina DNA Prep and Illumina MiSeq, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed. WGS analysis did not yield mutations pointing to differences between S. au-reus USA300 and stable SCVs, therefore the focus was shifted to evaluating gene expression vari-ations. Genes such as zur, mntR, uhpt, fur, sdrE were shown to be significantly up-regulated in SCVs compared to S. aureus USA300 wild-type, suggesting a global change that allows adapta-tion to intracellular persistence, including protection from inflammatory response and evasion of the immune system.
POST-TRUTH KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK
Authors: SELİM Ferdi
Published: March 2023

Bir hayat daha iyi nasıl yaşanılır sorusunun önemi her çağda derinden hissedilmiş ve böyle bir yaşayışın mihenk taşı olarak görülebilecek hakikat gibi ulu orta bir yerde bulunmayan o şey, bir ilke belki bir düstur olarak araştırılmak istenmiştir. Antikçağ’dan itibaren farklı yorumların odağına yerleştirilmiş bu soruşturma ve taraflar her dönem temel muhakeme biçimleri olmuştur. Tarafsız, tarihi aşırı ve genel geçer bir zeminin olanağı bu bağlamda hep tartışılmış, ciddi münakaşaların uğrağı olmuştur. Bugün ise hakikat ve onunla ilintili sözcüklerle ilgili yine kaygı verici bir anın yaşandığı her kesimin söylemlerinde yer almaktadır. Hakikatin yitirildiği, önemsizleştirildiği ve görmezden gelindiği bu an post-truh çağ olarak anılmaktadır. Din ve felsefenin ardından bilimin de itibarsızlaştırıldığı, her şeyin birer yoruma indirgendiği bir döneme şahitlik edilmektedir. Eğitimin, uzmanlaşmanın değer yitimi yaşaması mevcut krizin şiddetini yaşamın her bir köşesine öyle ya da böyle taşımıştır. Çağa hâkim olan ruh, umursamazlık, olguların, verilerin veya hakikatin görmezden gelinmesi ve tasvip edilemeyecek çoğu tercihin bile isteye yapılması krizin ahlaki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle yaşamın etik ve duygusal yanıyla ilgili kuşatıcı bir değerlendirme, tahlil ve önerilerle birlikte hakikatin değer yitimine karşı daha güçlü bir mücadele verilebilir.
Yolun Sonu: Kant'ın Spinoza Metafiziğine Bakışına Dair Bir Tartışma
Authors: CENGİZ Övünç
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada Kant ve Spinoza felsefeleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Belirli bir konsensusa göre Kant Spinoza felsefesi ile çok fazla ilgilenmemektedir. Ancak çalışma Kant’ın Spinoza’yı felsefe tarihinde özel bir yere konumlandırdığını savunacaktır. Kant’a göre akıl koşullu mevcudiyetin imkanını açıklarken belirli bir düşünsel silsileyi takip etmek zorundadır. Buna göre akıl önce koşulsuza ulaşmalı oradan da koşullu mevcudiyetin imkanını kurmalıdır. Ancak bu zorunluluk koşullu ve koşulsuz arasında belirli bir ilişkiyi varsaymaktadır. Makale, Kant açısından Spinoza’nın metafiziğinin felsefe tarihinde aklın geçmek zorunda olduğu bu uğrakları en tutarlı biçimde serimleyen felsefe olduğunu savunacaktır. Şüphesiz Kant için aşkınsal realizm aklın düştüğü bir illüzyondur. Ancak bu illüzyon olumsal değil zorunlu bir illüzyondur. Bir diğer değişle, aklı bu hataya sürükleyen şey bizzat aklın kendi yapısıdır. Bu nedenle bu hatadan kaçınmanın tek yolu aklın bilme iddialarına meşruiyetini sorgulayan aşkınsal idealizm felsefesidir. Ancak, yine de, eğer akıl koşulsuzu bir bilgi nesnesi olarak ele alacaksa sonuç Spinoza metafiziği olacaktır. Bir diğer deyişle, Kant açısından Spinoza felsefesi aşkınsal realizmin zorunlu sonucudur.
Doğal Dillerdeki Çok Anlamlılık Olgusunun Gündelik Dil Felsefecilerinin Metafizik Eleştirisindeki Rolü Üzerine
Authors: TOY Tolgahan
Published: March 2023

Gilbert Ryle, Ludwig Wittgenstein ve John Langshaw Austin’in başını çektiği gündelik dil felsefecileri metafiziksel sorunların gündelik dilin yeterince anlaşılmamasının bir sonucu olduğunu iddia etmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı gündelik dil felsefecilerinin metafizik eleştirilerini doğal dillerdeki çok anlamlılık olgusu ile ilişkilendirmektedir. Çalışmada Platon ve Aristoteles metafizikleri Sokratik sorunlara verilen bir cevap olarak sunulacaktır. Doğal dillerdeki çok anlamlılık durumu Sokratik sorunların dayanak noktalarından birisi olarak ele alınacaktır. Çok anlamlılıkta, eşadlılıktan durumundan farklı olarak, bir kelimenin birbirlerinden farklı anlamları arasında ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Bu durumu açıklamak için “iyi” kelimesinin farklı anlamları arasındaki ilişkiler verilebilir. Gündelik dil felsefecileri bu anlam ağının basit kurallara, yapılara indirgenemeyeceğini iddia etmektedirler. Buradaki karmaşık anlam ağının arkasında yaşam formlarımızın bulunduğunu iddia etmektedirler. Gündelik dil felsefecilerinin penceresinden bakıldığında, bu durumun yeterince anlaşılmamış olması metafiziğin çıkış nedenlerin birisi olarak görülmektedir.
Water mining and landscape: a study on three blocks (Gangajalghati, Mejhia and Saltora) of Bankura, West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhutia Namgyal Tshewang , Sinha Malavika
Published: March 2023

Groundwater depletion occurs when the rate of groundwater extraction is higher than the rate of replenishment. It is unequivocal that the demand for fresh water is ever increasing. The study area lies in the semi-arid climatic zone and it's a solely agrarian society. The water scarcity leads to an impact on soil moisture and soil becomes drier during the dry months. The study is based on the changes in the regional water table which exhibit a relatively rapid response to acute scarcity of water. To specify the soil dryness gravimetric method has been used to study the selected soil samples. The groundwater withdrawal without estimating the water requirement at the regional level leads to soil dryness, and water stress situation to the agrarian economy, and it leaves a direct impact on the land. The perception of the farm owner, that ownership of farmland is synonymous with water mining right from their land leads to stress on the water table.
Land use changes of the riparian landscape in Hungary between 1990 and 2018
Authors: Erdei Tímea , Boromisza Zsombor , Domokos Endre
Published: March 2023

The protection and the restoration of rivers is one of the most important challenges of our time, due to the impact of human activities. The aim of the research was to assess the land use changes in the Hungarian riparian landscape. Several landscape corridors of different (50-100-300-500 m) widths near rivers were analyzed since 1990, using the CORINE Land Cover database. Positive changes in the land use of riparian landscape can be seen: continuous increase in the case of forest areas; and slight decrease in the extent of agricultural land since 1990. Unfortunately, the extent of grasslands and other near-natural areas is reduced; and there has been a steady increase in built-up areas. Examining the changes in built-up areas in more detail, a big increase is shown by the extent of urban green areas. As a continuation of the research, an evaluation methodology is being developed to determine the restoration potential of urban rivers on study area level and on national level. The results presented in this paper on land use changes and land use conditions can be useful for the research about restoration potential at national level.
Possible Fault Communication between the Memphis Sand Aquifer and the Mississippi River
Authors: Martin Richard V. , Van Arsdale Roy B. , Harrison Valarie J.
Published: March 2023

The Eocene Memphis Sand aquifer is the major source of drinking water for municipalities in the upper Mississippi Embayment, with the city of Memphis, TN, being the largest consumer. Concerns about contamination of the Memphis aquifer from surface waters have primarily focused on local groundwater transmission through the Upper Claiborne aquitard and erosional windows through the aquitard. This study used recent fault mapping to show that faults extend upward from the Memphis aquifer to very near the surface in and adjacent to Memphis. The Meeman-Shelby and Cuba faults extend under the Mississippi River and upward to the base of the Mississippi River alluvium. Groundwater levels (potentiometric surface) in Memphis aquifer monitor wells H002 and LdF 004 and the Mississippi River water levels during the years of 2007 through 2011 show strong correlation (0.744829 and 0.779691, respectively). We believe this correlation may be due to direct connection through fault zones.
Exportación de mermelada de camu camu endulzada con stevia al mercado de Los Angeles–Estados Unidos
Authors:   , Castillo Mamani Nicole Andrea , Chagua Quintana Jessica Diana , Espinoza Payano Hanyela Aricely , Huayllasco Pérez Erika Roxana , Machacuay Huaranga Jhojan Styve
Published: March 2023

El siguiente informe tiene como objetivo realizar una investigación para confirmar la factibilidad de la exportación de mermeladas de camu camu al mercado de Los Ángeles-Estados Unidos, así como el analizar de los diversos factores y variables del mercado estadounidense, el perfil del consumidor de mermeladas de Camu Camu en el mercado de Los Ángeles-Estados Unidos, que permita tener una visión más amplia del sobre el mercado objetivo. Con esto se permite dar a conocer las estrategias que se aplicarán en los próximos años, que permitan describir el grado y nivel de competitividad del producto, determinando el grado de aceptación de parte de los consumidores en el mercado estadounidense. La propuesta de valor de la empresa, considerando las gustos propios, necesidades, y grado de satisfacción de los clientes, generando la ventaja competitiva para el posicionamiento del producto y aprovechando el tratado de libre comercio que se tiene con Estados Unidos desde hace varios años, fomentando la exportación en el Perú. De esa manera se indica la tendencia de las exportaciones de Camu Camu en los últimos años, y se muestran los procesos, que comprenden desde el abastecimiento, el transporte del Camu Camu, el lavado, la selección, la preparación, la elaboración y envasado del producto que queda listo para la exportación. Además se presentan los requisitos necesarios para el funcionamiento de la empresa y la evaluación económica y financiera de los flujos de caja del proyecto, determinando la viabilidad en diferentes escenarios. Finalizando este documento, se pretende elaborar una guía para estudiantes, docentes, empresarios, agricultores y emprendedores exportadores, que en trabajo en conjunto impulsarían la competitividad de la oferta exportable peruana para los países del mundo.
La insuficiencia normativa en materia civil y sus consecuencias en el registro de nacimiento de los menores nacidos por sustitución gestacional
Authors:   , Hernandez Ruiz Nelly Cristina
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación muestra que la norma en materia civil, específicamente uno de los artículos del Código Civil peruano ha presentado algunas deficiencias en parte de su contenido. Por lo que se analiza la deficiencia de la legislación sobre la materia, en particular, la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales de aquellos menores nacidos por "Gestación subrogada". Asimismo, se propone una modificación del artículo 21 del Código Civil, que presenta la deficiencia en mención. Dicha reforma consta en otorgar al padre la facultad de inscripción legal del menor con los apellidos del progenitor varón, debido a que la norma optó por otorgar dicha facultad únicamente a la madre. Además, esta modificatoria permitirá la inscripción de los menores procreados mediante la gestación subrogada y otros casos como el abandono materno y tiene como finalidad evitar la toda afectación a los derechos constitucionales de los menores, como: El derecho a la identidad, a la nacionalidad, a un nombre, a la igualdad ante la ley y otros derechos civiles como los sucesorios. Añadido a ello, se busca que la norma guarde mayor similitud o se adecue mejor con la realidad social, regulando el supuesto de hecho más general hasta el más específico posible. Con esta investigación se busca evitar la vulneración de derechos fundamentales y se procura el cumplimiento de los principios como el de jerarquía normativa, con la finalidad de que las normas civiles no sean contrarias a lo estipulado por la Constitución, y salvaguardar el principio del interés superior del menor como deber primordial del Estado.
Ecolodge en la laguna de Piuray, Distrito de Chinchero, Cusco: Diseño de un alojamiento contextual ecológico
Authors:   , Arizabal Vera Yurlenia Farida
Published: March 2023

La implementación de un Ecolodge como mejoramiento y desarrollo al hospedaje tradicional en el distrito de Chinchero, provincia de Urubamba”, se encuentra en el borde de la laguna de Piuray es de fácil acceso y bien ubicado en la zona, por colindar con la feria de productores artesanales de la zona. El proyecto nace como una solución a las actuales carencias del lugar y a la demanda de turismo, con miras de crecimiento. Esta acción traerá una evolución en sus actividades económicas, sociales, culturales y medioambientales, estos aspectos se tomarán con un mayor enfoque en lo sustentable convirtiéndose en un proyecto sostenible. Se diseñara una nueva tipología de hospedajes que busque la interacción del huésped con lo tradicional del lugar, manteniendo la arquitectura típica, es importante tener un conocimiento que ayude a determinar las necesidades e intereses del turista, las encuestas, detalles técnicos como visitas a campo, recopilación de datos, serán las técnicas más utilizada en este trabajo para determinar un criterio acertado. El delineado del proyecto aprovecha la vista a la laguna Piuray y al imponente nevado Chicón, se tomará como marco referencial los vestigios de la arquitectura y cosmovisión andina.
El control de inventarios y la relación en la gestión logística de Rimac Seguros, San Isidro - 2018
Authors:   , Conza Llantoy Rodrigo Gonzalo
Published: March 2023

La realización de este trabajo investigativo pretende determinar la relación entre el nivel de inventarios y la gestión logística de Rímac Seguros, San Isidro en el año 2018, por ello se plantea esta investigación con una perspectiva cuantitativa, así mismo, el tipo es aplicada y el diseño es no experimental del tipo Transversal-Correlacional. También, se escoge la encuesta como parte de la técnica de recolectar datos, se utiliza el cuestionario, a través de la escala de Likert en una muestra de 33 personas del área de tecnología y procesos de la referida compañía de seguros, esto precede de la población de 36 personas como resultado y es por eso la aplicación de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio. De esta manera, los resultados obtenidos, permitieron demostrar que el control de inventarios en la empresa y la gestión logística son evaluados positivamente por el 54.55% y el 72.73% de la muestra, respectivamente. Asimismo, se evidencia la inexistencia de una correlación entre el nivel de inventarios y la gestión logística (rho = 0.137; p-valor de 0.446; p > 0.05), igualmente, no existe relación entre la rotación de inventarios y la gestión logística (rho = 0.284; p-valor de 0.110; p > 0.05). Por otra parte, es posible afirmar que entre las operaciones de almacenamiento y la gestión logística (rho = 0.600; p-valor de 0.000; p < 0.05) hay una correlación positiva débil. Así, se concluye que, con un nivel de confianza del 5%, hay correlación entre el control de inventarios y la gestión logística de la compañía Rímac Seguros - San Isidro, esto evidenció un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0.493 con un p-valor de0.004 (p < 0.05); observándose una relación positiva débil entre dichas variables.
Relación del estado nutricional y el deterioro cognitivo con las alteraciones de las capacidades funcionales de los adultos mayores en el servicio de clínica de día del Centro Médico Naval
Authors:   , Begazo Arcos Alexander Arturo , Torres Calderón Gonzales Enrique Alonso
Published: March 2023

Introducción: En el Adulto mayor existen múltiples causas que podrían desencadenar alteraciones en las capacidades funcionales y en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria, una de éstas es el deterioro cognitivo ya sea leve, moderado o severo. A partir de los 60 años la probabilidad de que una persona desarrolle deterioro cognitivo va en aumento, por lo que es una de las enfermedades que más impacto está teniendo sobre la población anciana. Así mismo, en la población adulta mayor existe un amplio porcentaje de personas que presentan alteraciones nutricionales. Dichas alteraciones también conllevan al aumento de la morbimortalidad. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo con un diseño analítico, transversal, retrospectivo y observacional, la población proviene de una base de datos que contiene la información de pacientes adultos mayores, además de variables antropométricas, sociodemográficas, escalas de valoración de enfermedades y distintas comorbilidades que han sido atendidos ambulatoriamente en la unidad de Clínica de Día del servicio de Geriatría del Centro Médico Naval. Resultados: Se analizaron 57 fichas clínicas de pacientes en donde el 71.93% eran varones y el 28.07% eran mujeres. La edad media de la población fue de 77.82 años. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el índice Barthel y MNA, además se encontró asociación significativa entre el índice de Lawton & Brody con MNA y entre Lawton & Brody con Minimental. Conclusiones: Existe relación entre la alteración de las ABVD y AIVD con el deterioro cognitivo y el estado nutricional.
Enfoque del desarrollo sostenible en la dinámica organizacional del Instituto Superior SISE, Sede Ate, año 2019
Authors:   , Garay Gómez Liz Vanessa , Guzmán Changanaqui Lizzett Gabriela
Published: March 2023

La siguiente investigación estuvo enfocada en determinar la correlación entre las variables de enfoque de desarrollo sostenible y la dinámica organizacional del Instituto Superior SISE, Sede Ate, 2019, el enfoque es cuantitativo, nivel correlacional, diseño no experimental de tipo transversal y tipo aplicada. El presente estudio se aplicó a 108 colaboradores a través de la escala de Likert trabajada con las variables de la investigación, obteniéndose como resultados según el Rho de Spearman un puntaje de 0.774 demostrándose que existe correlación entre el enfoque de desarrollo sostenible y la dinámica organizacional de la Institución Superior SISE planteada en la investigación, por lo tanto, la hipótesis alterna es verdadera.
Impact of cognitive reserve on bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuki , Hamatani Sayo
Published: March 2023

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a complex concept that includes premorbid IQ, years of education, and exposure to neuropsychological stimuli through work and leisure. Previous studies have suggested that CR has a positive impact on several aspects of bipolar disorder. Synthesizing the evidence to date is an important work in providing directions for future studies. The objectives of this systematic review to summary impact of CR on onsetting, relapsing bipolar episodes, buffering cognitive dysfunctions, and maintaining quality of life (QOL) in bipolar disorder.
Methods: Two researchers independently reviewed selected paper from three database as PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science. The search keywords were "bipolar disorder" and "cognitive reserve." The selected studies were classified as the levels of evidence according to the criteria of the Oxford Center for Evidence- Based Medicine. The results of the selected studies were summarized according to the objectives.
Results: Twenty-four studies were included in this review. People with high CR may have fewer bipolar episodes and alleviate cognitive impairments and dysfunction. CR may keep the functional level in patients with bipolar disorder.
Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that CR may be involved in preventing relapse of bipolar episodes and may alleviate cognitive dysfunction. However, effect on prevention of onset-risk and relapse of bipolar episodes need further investigation in prospective studies.
Registrations: The protocol was registered with PROSERO (CRD42021270293)
Removal of high lead concentration by hydroponic cultures of normal and transformed plants of Scirpus americanus Pers
Authors: Esquivel-R Elizabeth , Torre Ma. Catalina Alfaro-de la , Santos María del Socorro Socorro
Published: March 2023

Lead is a very toxic metal which affects human health. An alternative to remove it from contaminated water is the use of macrophytes, as Scirpus americanus. This species is tolerant to salt and metals, and has high biomass. The present research analyzed the capacity of hydroponic cultures of normal and transgenic plants (line T12) from S. americanus to remove high concentrations of lead (100, 250 and 400 mg kg-1 Pb). The MINTEQ3.1 program was used to define the media composition in order to have the metal available to the plants. The presence of metal did not affect the growth of roots and stems at all concentration tested. The normal and T12 plants accumulated 69389 and 45297 mg lead kg-1, respectively, and could be considered as hyperaccumulators. The bioconcentration factor indicated that plant bioconcentrated between 192-300 times the metal. The activation of the antioxidant mechanisms seems to participate in lead tolerance. Then, S. americanus could be used for phytoremediation of water contaminated with high concentration of lead.
RETRACTED: Using a randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of glove changing in reducing wound-related complications following cesarean section in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Tuyet Thi Diem , Huynh Nghiem Xuan , Nguyen Tri Bao , Nguyen Dien Thanh , Lam Ngoc Thien
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Severe Depresion Among Caregivers of Children With Sickle Cell Disease in Northern Uganda
Authors: Atim Martha , Mwebesa Ivan , Ssebowa Andrew , Etoko Christine Atala , Kirabira Joseph
Published: March 2023

Background: Depression is a mental disorder characterized by depressed mood and affects more than 300 million people globally. Caregivers of children with Sickle cell disease (SCD) experience psychosocial distress which predisposes them to depression. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with severe depression among caregivers of children with SCD attending a large hospital in post conflict northern Uganda.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the SCD clinic of St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor. Caregivers of children aged between 0 to 17 years with SCD were interviewed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and socio-demographics questionnaire developed by the researchers.Bivariable analysis using chi square test and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to assess associated factors.
Results: 310 participants were recruited consecutively of whom 90% were female and 10% male with mean age of 32.7 years. The prevalence of severe depression among caregivers of children with SCD at SMHL was 18.4% and was associated increasing age of caregiver (adjusted odds ratio (aO.R) =1.06, C.I = 1.02-1.10). Having more than one child (aO.R= 0.321, C.I = 0.107-0.967), and extended family type (aOR= 0.284, CI= 0.114-0.537) were protective against depression.
Conclusion: The study findings indicate that a substantial proportion of caregivers of children with SCD suffer from severe depression which is mostly undiagnosed and hence untreated. Therefore, policymakers need to focus on designing strategies aimed at controlling and managing depression among caregivers of children with SCD such as routine screening.
Biochemical activity induced by a germline variation in KLK3 (PSA) associates with cellular function and clinical outcome in prostate cancer
Authors: Batra Jyotsna , Sriniva Srilakshmi , Kryza Thomas , Bock Nathalie , Tse Brian WC , Sokolowski Kamil A. , Clements Judith ,   Additional 63 Authors
Published: March 2023

Genetic variation at the 19q13.3 KLK locus is linked with prostate cancer susceptibility. The non-synonymous KLK3 SNP, rs17632542 (c.536T>C; Ile163Thr-substitution in PSA) is associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, however, the functional relevance is unknown. Here, we identify that the SNP variant-induced change in PSA biochemical activity as a previously undescribed function mediating prostate cancer pathogenesis. The ‘Thr’ PSA variant led to small subcutaneous tumours, supporting reduced prostate cancer risk. However, ‘Thr’ PSA also displayed higher metastatic potential with pronounced osteolytic activity in an experimental metastasis in-vivo model. Biochemical characterization of this PSA variant demonstrated markedly reduced proteolytic activity that correlated with differences in in-vivo tumour burden. The SNP is associated with increased risk for aggressive disease and prostate cancer-specific mortality in three independent cohorts, highlighting its critical function in mediating metastasis. Carriers of this SNP allele had reduced serum total PSA and a higher free/total PSA ratio that could contribute to late biopsy decisions and delay in diagnosis. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the prominent 19q13.3 KLK locus, rs17632542 SNP, association with a spectrum of prostate cancer clinical outcomes.
Effectiveness and Safety of Vitrectomy Combined with Cataract Surgery Concurrently Versus Vitrectomy with Subsequent Cataract Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients with Mild-moderate Cataract: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: feng weibo , Zheng Lei , Zhang Guoming , wang xian , li yingqi , Li Yonghao , Liu Bingqian , Jin Ling , huang yinuo , Yang Yangfan , Chen Zidong , Ma Dahui , Chen Qingshan , qin chaojun , feng bingmin , yang zhumin , huang xing , yang chengjie , liu shenghui , Wu Mingxing
Published: March 2023

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients over 45 years old with mild-moderate cataract, in comparison with PPV with subsequent cataract surgery.
Methods This multi-center randomized controlled trial was conducted in three Chinese hospitals. From February 2021 to October 2021, 168 PDR patients were assessed for eligibility. After exclusion, a total of 129 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to PPV combined with cataract surgery concurrently (the combined group) or PPV with subsequent cataract surgery 6 months later (the subsequent group). A 12-month follow-up period was scheduled. Changes of best correct visual acuity (BCVA), rate of complications were compared between groups.
Results 66 patients were assigned to the combined group and 63 to the subsequent group. The change of BCVA in the combined group with mean 36.90 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 30.35-43.45) letters was significantly better (adjusted difference of 16.43, 95% CI: 8.77-24.08, P<0.001) than the subsequent group with 22.40 (95% CI: 15.55-29.24) letters 6 months after the PPV, and no significant difference was found after the cataract surgery in the subsequent group. Compared with the combined group, the rates of neovascular glaucoma (17.65% vs. 3.77%, P=0.005) were significantly higher in the subsequent group.
Conclusion Compared with PPV with subsequent cataract surgery, PPV combined with cataract surgery concurrently was relatively effective, convenient and safe, being a promising and reliable surgical option for PDR patients over 45 years old with mild-moderate cataract.
Trial registration number NCT04729023.
The Prevalence, genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis of Cachavirus firstly detected in northeastern China
Authors: Li Nuawa , Bai Yue , Yan Xin , Guo Zhiyuan , Xiang Kongrui , Yang Zaixing , Shangguan Haikun , Zhao Lili , Ge Junwei
Published: March 2023

Canine Cachavirus was novel parvovirus species which has been firstly detected in dogs in the USA, belonging to the Chaphamaparvovirus genus. However, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cachavirus are relatively limited. In this study, 325 canine fecal specimens collected from healthy and diarrheic dogs in northeastern China were screened. A total of 22 out of 325 (6.8%) samples were positive for Cachavirus by PCR. Diarrhea samples showed high viral co-infection rates, and we detected co-infection of canine astrovirus (CaAstV) and Cachavirus for the first time. Moreover, sequence analysis revealed that the Chinese Cachavirus strain has a point mutation at four consecutive amino acid sites compared to the original American strain. And we determined the codon usage bias of the VP1 gene. Codon usage analysis showed that most preferred codons in Cachavirus were A- or T-ended codons, similar to traditional canine parvovirus. Co-evolutionary analysis showed that Cachavirus was likely the result of co-evolution with Feline chaphamaparvovirus. Our findings provide information on the expansion of the limited Cachavirus sequences, point to more details about the molecular characterization of the strains in northeastern China. Further epidemiological surveillance is necessary to determine the significance and evolution of Cachavirus.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase evolved an ordered and distinct active site to promote elastic cuticle formation and blood intake in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Chen Jing , Vavricka Christopher , Wei Shuangshuang , Chen Huaqing , Tang Yu , Liang Jing , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Guan Huai , Li Jianyong , Liao Chenghong , Han Qian
Published: March 2023

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase (DHPAAS) catalyzes the direct conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DHPAA), an important intermediate in the formation of flexible insect cuticle. In order to clarify the precise roles DHPAAS plays in insect development and survival, DHPAAS was characterized throughout the physiological to the molecular levels. Extensive in vivo experiments inAedes aegypticonfirm that DHPAAS is essential for blood feeding, egg development and cuticle structure formation. The crystal structure of insect DHPAAS was then solved to reveal the structural basis underlying the catalytic production of the key cuticle intermediate DHPAA. The molecular view shows a DHPAAS active site that is distinct from that of the homologous enzyme 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase. Stabilization of the flexible 320–350 region is observed to position the 350–360 loop towards the catalytic asparagine residue, and these distinct features are suggested to promote pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent amine oxidation. Additional molecular dynamics simulations further support the involvement of Phe82, Tyr83 and Asn195 in substrate binding and catalysis, and also shows increased fluctuations limited to loop residues 330–345 inAedes aegyptiDHPAAS.
Simplified Scale for Assessing Behaviors Regarding “Ganbatta” Concept in Children Aged 3–7 Years Undergoing Blood Sampling and Vaccination
Authors: Asari Tsuyoshi , Tabata Hisae , Yamamoto Takeshi , Konno Miki
Published: March 2023

Background

This study aimed to develop a simplified version of the 25-item Ganbatta Scale (i.e., Ganbatta Scale-Short Form to objectively assess behaviors associated with “ganbatta” (“I did my best/I pushed myself/I tried hard”) in children aged 3–7 years who undergo blood sampling and vaccination.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1143 nurses working in pediatric or outpatient clinics using a questionnaire with 11 items on the respondents' demographics and 25 items on behaviors associated with the “ganbatta” concept in children undergoing needle procedures. Data factor analysis was performed using the principal factor extraction method with promax rotation.

Results

Overall, 3 factors containing 16 items were extracted from the survey results. The three factors were a “Sense of relief and joy after needle removal” (seven items), “Proactive participation” (six items), and “Negative emotional expression” (three items). Reliability analysis revealed coefficients of 0.927 for all 16 items and 0.904, 0.893, and 0.912 for Factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. We compared the “ganbatta” concept to the three factors; it encompassed various meanings, such as children’s post-procedure sense of joy associated with their successful efforts, as characterized by Factor 1. The children's positive behavior aimed to overcome their existing condition through a change of attitude, as characterized by Factor 2, and their behavior highlighted “perseverance” as a prerequisite skill associated with the “ganbatta” concept, as characterized by Factor 3.

Conclusions

This simplified version of the scale can be used in clinical practice owing to its reduced number of items (16).
Trial registration: Not applicable
Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction in a Ghanaian Hospital: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Botchwey Charles Owusu-Aduomi , Boateng Agartha Afful , Peprah Mchael
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Patient satisfaction has now become one of the main goals and priorities of many healthcare systems since it is now recognised and accepted as a significant indicator for assessing quality of healthcare, as well as a critical component of performance improvement and clinical effectiveness.
Aim: This study examined the factors influencing patient satisfaction in Ghanaian hospitals,using Trauma and Specialist Hospital in the Effutu Municipality as a case study.
Methodology: The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive cross-sectional research design. A well-structured questionnaire, containing close-ended questions was used to collect data from 100 respondents at the Outpatient Department of the Trauma and Specialist Hospital in the Effutu Municipality. Purposive and convenient sampling methods were used to select respondents and data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 20.
Results: The results of the study showed an overall patient satisfaction of 68.97% for the factors assessed, that is, 60.75% for physical environment, 63.75% for accessibility to care and 82.4% for communication. It was also observed that whilst the majority of the respondents were satisfied with most of the dimensions in the three main factors assessed, 53% and 82% of the respondents were dissatisfied with the crowding in the hospital and time spent before seeing the doctor at the Out-Patient Department in the physical environment factor and accessibility factor respectively.
Conclusion: In an industry where mediocrity is given no room, the few deviations from the general trend of the results constitute a clarion call for action by management and relevant stakeholders to further tighten their strategies in their quest to provide an all-inclusive enabling environment to marginally improve upon patient satisfaction in order to fully embrace, activate and realize patient-centred care.
Anatomic study of a nasal septal flap pedicled on the anterior ethmoidal artery for the closure of small anterior nasal septal perforations
Authors: BLANC William , PRADES Jean-michel , KARKAS Alexandre , BERGANDI Florian , HADDAD Ralph , GAVID Marie , LELONGE Yann
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Define endoscopic landmarks through cadaveric dissection for an optimal harvesting of the septal flap, pedicled on the septal branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery, for surgical closure of small anterior septal perforations.
Materials and Method: Twelve nasal cavity dissections were performed on seven human cadavers, after latex injection of the external and internal carotid arteries, respectively in black and red. Twelve mucoperichondrial flaps pedicled on the anterior ethmoidal artery were dissected according to the Castelnuovo method. Macroscopical and microscopical study of the flap’s vascular network were carried out.
Results: The origin of the anterior ethmoidal artery’s septal branch was found at 6.75 ± 2.57 mm posterior to the septal projection of the middle turbinate’s anterior insertion. It had a tangential course 3.67 ± 1.03 mm below the skull base. The nasal floor was exclusively vascularized by the external carotid territory.
Conclusion: The design of the anterior ethmoidal artery pedicled flap is based on a simple and reproducible technique. We recommend its use for small anterior septal perforations closure. The first septal incision should be vertical, close to the posterior edge of the septal perforation followed by another vertical septal incision starting at least 1 cm posteriorly to the septal projection of the middle turbinate’s anterior insertion and extended to the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bone. The vertical incisions should be at least 5 mm below the skull base. The third incision is horizontal, connecting the two previous incisions, without nasal floor mucosa harvesting.
Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors and programmed death-1 inhibitors for progressed hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Long-Wang , Xie Hang , Ke Kun , Yan Le-Ye , Chen Rong , Lin Jun-Qing , Yang Wei-Zhu
Published: March 2023

Background: After the failure of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, the subsequent therapy for progressed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is still controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the subsequent combination of PD-1 inhibitors (TACE combined with first-line tyrosine kinase plus PD-1 inhibitors) relative to switching to the subsequent regorafenib (TACE plus regorafenib).
Methods: The data of HCC patients who suffered from the failure of TACE combined with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy from July 2019 to August 2022 were assessed in this single-center retrospective study. Primary study outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while the secondary outcomes were treatment-related adverse events, disease control rate (DCR), and objective response rate (ORR).
Results: We enrolled a final total of 113 patients, including 73 patients who received TACE combined with first-line tyrosine kinase and PD-1 inhibitors (Group 1) and 40 patients who received TACE plus regorafenib (Group 2). The OS in Group 1 (15.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8–20.1 months) was significantly higher compared to Group 2 (9.0; 95% CI, 6.6–11.3 months) (P = 0.016). The PFS in Group 1 (11.0; 95% CI, 8.4–13.5 months) was also significantly higher compared to Group 2 (6.0; 95% CI, 4.6–7.3 months) (P = 0.010). No significant between-group differences in the ORR (P = 0.562) and DCR (P= 0.202) were found; however, the percentage of patients with proteinuria in Group 1 was significantly lower compared to Group 2 (2.73% vs. 20.00%, P= 0.006).
Conclusions: The subsequent combining PD-1 inhibitors after the failure of TACE plus first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TACE combined with first-line tyrosine kinase plus PD-1 inhibitors) may be associated with improved OS and PFS compared with switching to the subsequent regorafenib (TACE plus regorafenib).