bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Step into the Future
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

BAE Systems’ Factory of the Future in Lancashire is a testbed for a range of cutting-edge manufacturing techniques
Trading Places
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

A new beginners' guide from Make UK and HSBC aims to help export-wary manufacturers take the first steps into international trade
Stacking Up
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

Why taking a layered approach to OEE will guarantee accurate the best results
Currency Conundrums
Authors: Mcdarby Lee
Published: January 2023

How to ensure you get the best rates when looking to do business in new markets
Fit for Purpose
Authors: Lant Mark
Published: January 2023

PPE is the barrier between the wearer and a hazardous situation. Yet, all too often, wearers put themselves at risk of injury or death by donning ill-fitting or uncomfortable protective equipment
The Information Supply Chain
Authors: Singh Harj
Published: January 2023

As companies become more tech-focused, it’s important to be acutely aware of the cyber threats this new-found glut of information can bring
Safety 4.0
Authors: Hughes David
Published: January 2023

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is having an impact not just on theway shopfloors operate, but also on the safety of those working on them
Employment Law SOS
Authors: Beswick David
Published: January 2023

This month, our legal expert explores the very public breakdown of a relationship at work, an employer misreporting the extent of a worker’s injuries and the challenges involved in keeping factory visitors safe while touring a busy shopfloor
Flowers of Scotland
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

MM spent a week north of the border to discover how Scottish manufacturers can help put the nation back on the global industrial map
A Light in the Dark
Authors: Gysegom Wim
Published: January 2023

It can often appear that today’s manufacturing landscape is a treacherous mix of rocky politics and stormy economic conditions. However, a number of ‘lighthouse’ companies across the globe are pointing the way ahead
Around the Regions: The North West
Authors: Durkin Joel
Published: January 2023

Uncertainty is weighing as heavily on the North West’s manufacturers as anywhere else, say Make UK, the Manufacturers’ Organisation, in their monthly column
Sustainable Improvement
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

Siemens’ factory in Congleton has reached its Net Zero ambitions eight years ahead of schedule. We look at the secrets of this remarkable achievement
The recombinant expression and antimicrobial activity determination of Cecropin-like part of Heteroscorpine-1 from Heterometrus laoticus
Authors: ERVIANA RIMA , SAENGKUN YUTTHAKAN , RUNGSA PRAPENPUKSIRI , JANGPROMMA NISACHON , MUSTOFA MUSTOFA , DADUANG SAKDA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Erviana R, Saengkun Y, Rungsa P, Jangpromma N, Mustofa, Daduang S. 2022. The recombinant expression and antimicrobial activity determination of Cecropin-like part of Heteroscorpine-1 from Heterometrus laoticus. Biodiversitas 23: 5646-5653. Antimicrobial peptides are promising novel antibiotics that hold great potential in combating bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Recent interest has increased in their potential as new pharmacological agents. Large quantities of antimicrobial peptides are required in order to fulfill the demand for the peptides for scientific research and clinical trials. Gene expression systems for antimicrobial peptides have been developed, which may be utilized efficiently for various antimicrobial peptide-related studies and applications. However, many expression systems that have been developed require many steps that impact the expression cost. This study established the fast and easy expression system of recombinant Cecropin-like part of Heteroscorpine-1 (CeHS-1) and determined their activity. The gene was chemically synthesized, ligated to the expression vector pET32a, transformed to Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS competent cell, and induced by 0.2 mM isopropyl ?-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. The induction time optimization determined that the 3 hrs induction resulted in the highest peptides yield. The prolonged induction would decrease the peptides yield due to the toxicity of the peptides toward the host cells. The peptide purification was facilitated by His tag sequence through purifying the affinity chromatographic column of Ni-NTA. The induction was able to express the expected peptides in the soluble fraction. The antimicrobial activity assay showed that the recombinant peptides could inhibit the growth of many bacterial strains. However, their activity was lower compared to the synthetic peptides. This finding demonstrated that the developed expression system in this study might facilitate the easy and feasible expression system for CeHS-1. Additionally, the study revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the expressed peptides could be preserved.
Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soil of selected pulses and their effect on Coriandrum sativum plants
Authors: PIRAPAK WANWISA , SIRIPHAP ACHIRAYA , INPRASIT TUDDOW , PHUANGSRI CHORPAKA , KRAIVUTTINUN PRAINYA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Pirapak W, Siriphap A, Inprasit T, Phuangsri C, Kraivuttinun P. 2022. Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soil of selected pulses and their effect on Coriandrum sativum plants. Biodiversitas 23: 5765-5770. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are recognized as efficient biofertilizers, biocontrol agents and microbial inoculants. In the present study five best plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the root zone of healthy and vigorously growing plants in an agricultural farm in the Uttaradit Province, Thailand. All the isolates were selected on the basis of nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and phosphate solubilization. Based on morphological traits and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, isolated bacteria were distributed into the following six genera: Burkholderia cepacian (A05, A06), Agrobacterium deltaense (A13), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (A39), Paenarthrobacter aurescens (A45) and Stenotrophomonas pavanii (A64). All the selected bacterial isolates boosted coriander growth. Paenarthrobacter aurescens (A45) showed the best results, it increased plant height (up to 1.38 times), dry weight (up to 1.63 times), stem diameter (up to 2.05 times) and biomass (up to 1.65 times). This is the first report of plant growth-promoting ability of Paenarthrobacter aurescens, which could be used as a biological agent instead of chemical fertilizers in agroforestry production to reduce environmental pollution and increase the yield of coriander.
Population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) on Eucalyptus pellita plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SUHERI MOHAMAD , HANEDA NOOR FARIKHAH , ANWAR RULY , JUNG YOONHWA , SUKENO SHINICHI , PARK JONGMYUNG
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Suheri M, Haneda NF, Anwar R, Jung Y, Sukeno S, Park J. 2022. Population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) on Eucalyptus pellita plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5782-5789. The red coffee borer, Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) damage to Eucalyptus pellita forests was one of the problems in the forestry sector. The population dynamic of these insects is monitored and surveyed on E. pellita at PT Korintiga Hutani. The present study aimed to analyze the contributing factors of Zeuzera spp. damage to E. pellita plantation and observe the population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. using pheromone traps. The survey results showed that the accumulated damage in planting block 5 was more serious (29%) than in planting block 6 (9%). The impact of the multi-regression analysis indicates that the main factors affecting the damage are the location and age of the plantation. At the same time, the E. pellita clonal difference is minor compared to those two factors. The damage is more severe and occurs at an older age of plantations. The population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. observed in E. pellita plantation showed a peak flight trend in October, followed by a reasonably high population presence from late May to early June. This information could be a primary consideration for these insect pest need to control the significant damage to E. pellita trees and determine the management of Zeuzera spp. based on the timing of larvae infestation in the upcoming after-peak flight.
Assessment of genetic diversity and characterization of distinctness, uniformity, and stability of newly bred sweet potato clones
Authors: MAU YOSEP SERAN , NDIWA ANTONIUS S.S. , ARSA I G.B. ADWITA , ASA GARVASILUS V. , NANA APRIANTO , LONDINGKENE JESAYAS A. , HOSANG EVERT YULIANES , KOTTA NOLDY RUSMINTA ESTORINA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Arsa IGBA, Asa GV, Nana A, Londingkene JA, Hosang EY, Kotta NRE. 2022. Assessment of genetic diversity and characterization of distinctness, uniformity, and stability of newly bred sweet potato clones. Biodiversitas 23: 5923-5934. Genetic diversity assessment is vitally important for germplasm management and the assembly of new varieties. This study aimed to 1) assess the genetic diversity and 2) characterize the distinctness, uniformity, and stability of newly bred clones and check varieties of sweet potatoes based on morphological characters. The present study was conducted in the experimental farm of Universitas Nusa Cendana for two cycles (years) in 2021 and 2022, involving 13 newly bred (hybrid) clones and 6 control varieties. The observations were made on morphological characters of leaf, vine, and storage root, including 31 characteristics. The observed characters were given scores based on the sweet potato descriptors of IPGBR and PPVTPP. The scored morphological data were subjected to cluster analysis followed by a Principal Component Analysis to reveal the genetic diversity level. Euclidean index was used to characterize the distinctness, while the variation of the scored morphological data was used to reveal the uniformity and stability of tested genotypes. The results revealed a high genetic diversity of the studied genotypes. The cluster analysis placed the studied genotypes into four clusters; cluster I consisted of only one genotype, cluster II comprised two sub-clusters and 13 genotype members, cluster II comprised two members, and cluster IV comprised two sub-clusters and three members. The first eight principal components were responsible for about 79% of the observed variability. Euclidean distance index revealed that each of the studied genotypes is distinct from others. No off-type plant was observed; thus, each of the tested genotypes was considered uniform. Phenotypic expressions of the studied genotypes were similar over the two growing cycles; thus, each is said to be stable. The newly bred genotypes G16 and G29 genotypes that meet the distinctness, uniformity, and stability criteria based on their highest number of distinctive characters are eligible for registration as new sweet potato varieties, more specifically for their unique purplish white and purple tuber flesh characters.
Inventory of orchid diversity in Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: PAMMAI KHARISMA , AL MUHDHAR MIMIEN HENIE IRAWATI , SARI MURNI SAPTA , SUEB SUEB , YUHANNA WACHIDATUL LINDA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Pammai K, Al Muhdhar MHI, Sari MS, Sueb, Yuhanna WL. 2022. Inventory of orchid diversity in Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6082-6092. The Orchidaceae is a family with the highest diversity among flowering plants. One of the regions that have high biodiversity is Papua, Indonesia, with an estimate to have around 2869 species of orchids. Nonetheless, such wealth of diversity might be threatened due to habitat loss caused by regional development, thus periodical assessment might be required to see the status of orchid diversity. This study aims to inventory orchids in Merauke, South Papua as Indonesia's natural wealth. We used an exploratory method, collecting samples and documentation, then analyzing the results qualitatively by identifying orchid species using several literature. The results of this study obtained 65 species. Among the species found, there were 10 endemic species to Papua, 19 species included in the IUCN Red List and 65 species included in the CITES list. When compared with the previous study, we also recorded several species which were not documented in the previous study, although there were several species that were no longer found. The absence of some species is likely due to overexploitation and human activities in the form of land conversion which causes a decrease in orchid habitat and changes in the microclimate. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the forest in Merauke District still has the potential to become a natural orchid habitat. However, it should be noted that some human activities can be the cause of the decline in the orchid population in Papua.
Identification and antibiotic-resistant properties of Vibrio owensii and V. alginolyticus isolated from the Spermonde Islands, Indonesia
Authors: ISNANSETYO ALIM , ISTIQOMAH INDAH , ANSHARY HILAL , SRIWULAN SRIWULAN , YUDIATI ERVIA , SUBAGIYO SUBAGIYO , ARIF ADITYA , KARTIKASARI DINI WAHYU
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Isnansetyo A, Istiqomah I, Anshary H, Sriwulan S, Yudiati E, Subagiyo S, Arif A, Kartikasari DW. 2022. Identification and antibiotic-resistant properties of Vibrio owensii and V. alginolyticus isolated from the Spermonde Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5995-6005. The Spermonde Islands are located in Makassar Strait, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia, and have attracted the attention of researchers for decades because of their mega biodiversity and abundance of bioresources. However, no study has evaluated the potential mariculture diseases in this area. The present study assessed the potential bacterial fish diseases based on the current status of mariculture in the Spermonde Islands. The samples were collected from three marine aquaculture sites at Barrang Caddi and the Samaloa Islands. Vibrio was isolated on Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar medium. The most common bacterial diseases were observed by bacterial isolation, morphological and biochemical observations, and molecular identification based on 16S rDNA sequence. The microbial, physical, and chemical water qualities at Barrang Caddi and Samaloa Island were suitable for marine aquaculture. Although cultured species in this area did not exhibit gross disease signs, potential opportunistic pathogens of Vibrio were found. The 16S rDNA sequences analysis indicated that the bacterial isolates closed to Vibrio owensii, V. alginolyticus, and V. neocaledonius. Multi-drug resistant V. owensii was identified as a potential pathogen in marine aquaculture. This is the first report on V. owensii isolated from Indonesian marine waters, particularly from the Spermonde Islands. V. alginolyticus was another potential opportunistic pathogen in this area. These results gave the alarm to develop countermeasure methods for potential diseases to minimize the possible outbreak of vibriosis.
Diversity of twenty-three sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) varieties in Indonesia
Authors: HERYANTO FARAH SAFIRA SALSABILA , WIRNAS DESTA , RITONGA ARYA WIDURA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Heryanto FSS, Wirnas D, Ritonga AW. 2022. Diversity of twenty-three sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) varieties in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6075-6081. One of the most well-known vegetables in Asian countries, including Indonesia. Improving superior sweet corn varieties is important in the face of increasing biotic or abiotic stresses and consumer preferences for agricultural products. Plant breeding programs rely on genetic variability and heritability information. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the genetic diversity and heritability of 23 commercial sweet corn varieties in Indonesia. The study was conducted at the Leuwikoppo experimental field of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, from August to November 2021. Twenty-three commercial sweet corn varieties (hybrid and open-pollinated) from Indonesia were planted in the field employing a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Ear shelf life and green ear yield had a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), whereas plant height, ear height, stalk length, 100-grain weight, total soluble solids, green ear shelf life, green ear weight, and ear weight had a moderate GCV. Stem diameter, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, 50% days to tasseling and silking, anthesis, silking interval, ear length, ear diameter, ear length with the kernel, ear length percent with the kernel, kernel length, and kernel width had a low GCV. High genetic diversity was present among the trialed varieties, indicating their high potential for improvement.
Identifying the hotspot area of Indo-Pacific humpback (Sousa chinensis) and Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris) dolphins in Matang waters, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Mat Sobri Muhammad Fadhli , Jaaman Saifullah Arifin , Mohamed Zulqarnain , Muda Azmi Marzuki , Abd Rashid Muhammad Amirul Siddiq , Zhang Xuelei
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Sobri MF, Jaaman SA, Mohamed Z, Muda AM, Rashid MASA, Zhang X. 2022. Identifying the hotspot area of Indo Pacific humpback (Sousa chinensis) and Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris) dolphins in Matang waters, Perak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 6106-6113. The Indo-Pacific humpback (Sousa chinensis) and Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris) dolphins are commonly found in Matang waters, Perak, Malaysia. The area, filled with healthy mangrove forest cover and many estuaries, is not only frequented by the dolphins for its daily activities but also extensively used by locals for artisanal fishing, charcoal production and organizing ecotourism activities. There could be a high risk of human-dolphin interactions, hence determining habitat use and identifying critical habitats or "hot spots" for the dolphins in the area is important. In this study, a series of dedicated boat sighting surveys were conducted from March 2019 to January 2021 between Kuala Gula and Kuala Jarum Mas. The total survey effort was 3325.76 km, 44 days and 239.38 hours. A total of 69 dolphin sightings were made, consisting of 40 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins and 29 Irrawaddy dolphin observations, respectively. During each sighting, every dolphin's behaviors were categorized as: foraging, socializing, evasive, and travelling, and the survey area was classified into four blocks. The results indicated that different dolphin species have different hotspot areas. For Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, the hotspot area was Kuala Sangga, while the Irrawaddy dolphin's hotspot area was outside Kuala Larut, and there was a small overlap between the two dolphins' hotspots. Among the recorded behaviors (n: 281) for both dolphins, the most dominant was foraging (72.24%), followed by socializing (17%), evasive (7%), and travelling (4%). The sighted foraging behavior for both dolphin populations was dominant, indicating the hot spots were major foraging grounds for the two dolphin populations. This study shows the importance of Matang waters as a conservation area for the species and warrants further studies of dolphin population ecology to be conducted.
Non-destructive modeling using a drilling resistance tool to predict wood basic density of standing trees in a eucalypts plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SINGH KANVEL P. , SIREGAR ISKANDAR Z. , ABAD JUPITER I.M. , KARLINASARI LINA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Singh KP, Siregar IZ, Abad JIM, Karlinasari L. 2022. Non-destructive modeling using a drilling resistance tool to predict wood basic density of standing trees in a eucalypts plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6218-6226. Eucalypts are globally selected as the main tree species for pulp and paper industries owing to their good potential growth and wood traits. Wood basic density, which is related to wood biomass yield, is one of the most important wood traits for pulp production and has become a focus in the tree improvement program. Evaluation of this trait in the field is needed to efficiently develop tree improvement programs. The aims of this study were to determine the distribution of basic density in the vertical direction of standing trees, including Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid (commonly called “urograndis”), and to develop a model for predicting wood basic density using micro-drilling resistance tools of ResistographÒ. The results showed that basic density traits varied within individual trees and within and between species. Average whole tree basic wood densities of 379.9 kg/m3, 400.5 kg/m3, and 440.6 kg/m3 were found for E. grandis, hybrid urograndis, and E. urophylla at 44 months old, respectively. The model developed had a good correlation for predicting wood basic density at 1.3 m height and whole tree basic density, with the R2 for model calibration ranging from 0.52 to 0.76 for 1.3 m wood basic density prediction and from 0.62 to 0.79 for whole tree wood basic density. This study found that the three species of eucalyptus could be used to create a combined model for predicting wood basic density that could be used for each individual species. The model for single and multiple species had a good validation with R2 from 0.51 to 0.72.
Composition and diversity of weedy rice species in lowland irrigated rice field of Argao, Cebu, Philippines
Authors: LILLO EDGARDO P. , CHAVEZ MARIA LEVY M. , MALAKI ARCHIEBALD B. , ALCAZAR STEVE MICHAEL T. , BAOY RAYNILDA R. , MARGATE MARVIN A. , ABRIGANA MICHELLE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Lillo EP, Chavez MLM, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Baoy RR, Margate MA, Abrigana M. 2022. Composition and diversity of weedy rice species in lowland irrigated rice field of Argao, Cebu, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 6275-6283. Weeds serve as a severe challenge for rice growers, causing annual crop losses worldwide. The study aims to provide baseline information on the composition and diversity of weedy rice species in lowland irrigated rice fields of Argao, Cebu, Philippines, as a basis for farmers' weed management practices. Field surveys were done using the quadrate method. A quadrate measuring 1m x 1m was randomly placed in weed-infested rice plantation areas. Weedy rice species inside the quadrate were identified. The diversity of species was computed using Shannon diversity index. A total of 53 species were recorded and classified into 21 families and 40 genera. Dominant weedy rice species during the vegetative stage was Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn., and Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth. for both the reproductive and harvesting stage. The site has a computed diversity value of H'=3.36 with a relative value of high species diversity, indicating less input in terms of weed management practices. The cluster analysis reveals that the lowland rice fields of Argao were covered by seven weedy rice communities. This situation could create a negative impact on rice production output. The similarity in species composition among sampling sites signifies uniformity in the application of specific weed management practices.
Potential of Trichoderma spp. isolated in the rhizosphere to produce biofertilizer from organic materials
Authors: THUY NGUYEN PHUONG , NAM NGUYEN NHAT , TRAI NGUYEN NGOC , THAO NGUYEN HOANG XUAN , PHONG VUONG TUAN , KHANG DO TAN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Thuy NP, Nam NN, Trai NN, Thao NHX, Phong VT, Khang DT. 2022. Potential of Trichoderma spp. isolated in the rhizosphere to produce biofertilizer from organic materials. Biodiversitas 23: 6386-6396. Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi present in nearly all soils and capable of secreting large amounts of cellulase enzymes that can degrade carbohydrate polymer. In the current study, eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. (TC10-RL11, CT11-VO11, CN2-DP11, CN1-DP11, TC9-RL11, CN4-VR11, CK6-VC11, and TC8-RL11) were isolated. Among the eight fungal strains, the CN4-VR11 had highly potent CMC degradation with a halo’s diameter zone of 8.7 ± 1.5 cm. The BLAST result indicates that the CN4-VR11 strains and Trichoderma reesei had a similarity of 98.92% with a max score of 1158 and an E-value of 0.0. The Trichoderma reesei CN4-VR11 was selected for bioproduct production. The application of Trichoderma reesei CN4-VR11 bioproduct passively increased the efficient decomposition of the organic fertilizers, after only 30 days of incubation, the total organic matter content ? 20% was observed to be soft, spongy, and brown-back in color. According to the Government of Vietnam’s Decree No. 108/2017/ND-CP on fertilizer management, dated September 20, 2017, the T5 and T7 treatments were chosen for the production of granular bio-compost, which has a more practical use in agricultural land.
A comparative study between biological and chemical control against domestic mosquito larvae
Authors: Habiba Gacem , Imen Khalfallah , Rabeh Chaouich , Lina Lefilef
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Habiba G, Imen K, Rabeh C, Lina L. 2022. A comparative study between biological and chemical control against domestic mosquito larvae. Biodiversitas 23: 6456-6462. Mosquitoes are the first cause of transmission of viral diseases to both humans and animals, as they can transmit some viral diseases. These insects have attracted the attention of specialists, especially in the field of control, because they have controlled their spread in urban areas. Traditionally, they have resorted only to insecticides to eliminate them, and aquatic organisms have long been used to assess the health of aquatic systems. Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural and public health programs has caused many environmental problems and toxic effects on aquatic animals, especially non-target organisms. Hence, this method has negative effects. Later, another method appeared called "biological control", which is based on natural predators. The current study aims to compare the use of biological and chemical control in eliminating mosquito larvae without causing any damage to the ecosystem. Therefore, two studies were conducted. The first is biological control by placing water mites with local mosquito larvae and measuring mite mortality, while the second study deals with chemical control. The rust solution was tested on mosquito larvae at different doses of 0.5mL/L, 2.5mL/L, and 4.5 mL/L. The results proved the effectiveness of biological control compared to chemical control. Finally, these findings will greatly contribute to both the agricultural and medical fields that infect this insect, as well as enrich the literature for future research in mosquitoes.
Growth and ursolic acid content of pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa) on variations in water availability
Authors: ANAM KHOIRUL , MUDYANTINI WIDYA , RAKHMAWATI RITA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Anam K, Mudyantini, Rakhmawati R. 2017. Growth and ursolic acid content of pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa) on variations in water availability. Cell Biol Dev 1: 55-62. The purpose of this study is to determine how different water sources affect the growth and levels of ursolic acid in pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam.). A factorial, completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor of five replications each was used for the experiment. Water stress conditions were created by providing different levels of water availability in the growing media, namely 40, 60, 80, and 100% field capacity (control). The plants were given the treatment for 8 weeks. Plant growth, including the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, and plant ursolic acid content, were all measured in this study. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the DMRT test at the 5% test level was used to determine the significant difference between treatments. The results showed that the water availability treatment significantly affected the number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight, but it did not affect the ursolic acid content in plants. The treatment with the lowest water availability (40% KL) produced low yields on growth parameters and ursolic acid levels. Ursolic acid levels were lowest under drought stress conditions (40% KL), while they were highest under excess water conditions (100% KL).
Physical characteristics of the seeds of soybean (Glycine max) varieties and the effect of fermentation time on the chemical characteristics of tempeh
Authors: SUHARTANTI PRATIWI DWI , HANDAJANI SRI , NANDARIYAH NANDARIYAH
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Suhartanti PD, Handajani S, Nandariyah. 2019. Physical characteristics of the seeds of soybean (Glycine max) varieties and the effect of fermentation time on the chemical characteristics of tempeh. Cell Biol Dev 3: 13-18. Soybean is the main raw material for making tempeh, and so far, the raw material for tempeh is imported soybeans. Therefore, Indonesia needs to develop soybean varieties to overcome this matter. The soybean varieties are expected to be processed into tempeh with good physical and chemical properties. This study aims to determine the effect of different varieties on the physical characteristics of soybean seeds and fermentation time on the chemical characteristics of tempeh. The research design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two factors, namely soybean varieties (Grobogan, Argomulyo, Seulawah, Anjasmoro, Burangrang, and Galunggung) and variations in fermentation time (30, 42, and 54 hours). The results showed that the difference in varieties did not affect the color of the tempeh. Different varieties affect seed weight, water absorption, and swelling power of soybeans. Soybean varieties that have the best physical characteristics (highest water absorption and swelling power) are Grobogan. Variations in fermentation time affect the chemical properties of tempeh. Longer fermentation time will increase the tempeh's water, ash, and total protein content but decrease the fat and carbohydrate content. The soybean variety with the best chemical characteristics (highest protein content) is Galunggung. The soybean seed coat is yellow and greenish-yellow, and the color of the tempeh is white. The biggest weight is the Grobogan var of 24.14 g, and the largest water absorption capacity of the Grobogan var is 188%. Therefore, the biggest swelling power of Grobogan var is 150%. Based on the time of fermentation, the highest water content of tempeh was found in Grobogan var (54 hours), with 67.33%. The highest ash content of tempeh was in Anjasmoro var (30 hours), with 1.97%. The highest fat content of tempeh was in Galunggung var (30 hours), with 8.89%. The highest protein content of tempeh was in the Galunggung var. (54 hours) with 25.17%%. The highest carbohydrate content was in the Seulawah var (42 hours), with 11.43%.
Exogenous application of paclobutrazol promotes water-deficit tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Solichatun Solichatun , Khasanah Fitri Uswatun , Pitoyo Ari , Etikawati Nita , Mudyantini Widya
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Slichatun, Khasanah FU, Pitoyo A, Etikawati N, Mudyantini W. 2021. Exogenous application of paclobutrazol promotes water-deficit tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Cell Biol Dev 5: 1-6. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable commodity with high economic value. However, pepper cultivation in Indonesia is still hampered by pests and drought, reducing its growth and production. The efforts to increase pepper productivity and its resistance to drought stress can be conducted by applying growth regulators (ZPT), one of which is paclobutrazol (PBZ). This study aims to determine the effect of PBZ on the growth and accumulation of proline, a plant osmoprotectant, in pepper seedlings grown in water-deficit soil. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, i.e., a variation of PBZ and soil water capacity. PBZ concentration was made in four levels, namely 0 ppm, 25 ppm, and 50 ppm. The variation of the water-capacity level was made in three levels, namely 100% FC (field capacity as well-watered treatment), 75% FC (mild water deficit), and 50% FC (severe water deficit). The treatment was given for three weeks. The quantitative data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA, and if there was a significant difference, a further test was carried out with DMRT at the 95% confidence level. In addition, qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that applying PBZ to pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings that grew under water-deficit stress significantly affected proline levels, total chlorophyll content, and carotenoid levels; meanwhile, the parameters of plant dry weight and root shoot ratio had no significant effect. Furthermore, this indicates that PBZ is quite capable of inducing resistance to pepper seedlings in drought conditions.
Effect of photoperiod and KNO3 concentration on the induction and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum) microtuber in vitro
Authors: CHOIRUNNISA JESSYCA PUTRI , WARDANA RUDI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Choirunnisa JP, Wardana R. 2021. Effect of photoperiod and KNO3 concentration on the induction and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum) microtuber in vitro. Cell Biol Dev 5: 70-75. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a carbohydrate source plant that was developed as an alternative to food diversification. The availability of quality potato seeds is very limited due to the high attack rate of bacteria and viruses. The demand for potato seeds can be fulfilled by developing potato microtuber through the application of plant tissue culture. The purpose of this research was to determine the response of potato microtuber formation with different photoperiods and KNO3 concentrations. This study design uses a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replicates. The first factor is 3 levels of photoperiod (8 hours/day, 12 hours/day, 16 hours/day). The second factor is 3 levels of KNO3 (1900 mg/L, 2850 mg/L, 3800 mg/L). The study was conducted by observing the age of microtubers initiation, number of shoots, number of roots, number of microtubers, the diameter of microtubers, and wet weight of microtubers were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that the combination treatment of 8 hours/day photoperiod and KNO3 concentration of 3800 mg/L could accelerate the initiation of microtubers at 8 DAP (Days After Planting). The concentration of 3800 mg/L KNO3 can increase the number of roots and microtubers, the diameter of microtubers, and the wet weight of microtubers. The highest diameter of microtubers (17.89 mm) and the highest wet weight of microtubers (278.81 mg) were found in the photoperiod of 16 hours/day. This study concludes that the higher concentration of KNO3 and the longer photoperiod could be used for the induction and development of potato microtubers, while the short photoperiod could be used to accelerate microtubers initiation
Effect of the media type and auxin concentration on the growth of cuttings seedlings of pepper (Piper nigrum)
Authors: AMANAH SITI , BUDIASTUTI M.T.H. SRI , SULISTYO ATO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Amanah S, Budiastuti MTHS, Sulistyo A. 2022. Effect of the media type and auxin concentration on the growth of cuttings seedlings of pepper (Piper nigrum). Cell Biol Dev 6: 32-40. Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is an export commodity and has become one of the Indonesian sources of income. It is necessary to develop the best cultivation for increasing pepper production. Vegetative propagation has been chosen in this research, using manure as part of the media and auxin as a growth hormone. The research aims to find the best media and auxin concentration for the ideal growth of pepper grafting. The research conducted in Manyaran Wonogiri, Indonesia, with RCB design consists of two factors arranged in the factorial method. The first factor is the kind of media (soil, soil + manure, soil + manure + husk), and the second is auxin's concentration (0 g/L, 12.5 g/L, 25 g/L, 37.5 g/L; 50 g/L). Observation variables are bud growth time, number of buds, length of bud, number of leaves, leaf width, number of roots, length of root, and life percentage of cuttings. Data were analyzed by F test at 1% and 5% and continued with DMRT at 5% if the treatment had a significant effect. It is also continued with regression if there was an interaction between treatments. The longest bud was found on soil + manure + husk (12.28 cm) and followed by soil + manure (10.57 cm) and soil (6.15 cm) in the low level, respectively. The study revealed that the bud length and the number of roots were influenced by auxin concentration. The longest bud was found using 12.5 g/L of auxin (15.14 cm), followed by 50 g/L, 25 g/L, 0 g/L, and 37.5 g/L in the low level, respectively (12.05 cm, 7.72 cm, 7.67 cm, 5.75 cm). The highest number of roots was found on 0 g/L and 12.5 g/L of auxin (7.78), followed by 50 g/L, 25 g/L, and 37.5 g/L in the low level, respectively (4, 3.43, 2.33). The number of roots and percentage of life cuttings showed an interaction between the two factors. The number of roots on the soil shows a parabolic response with auxin. In the beginning, the number of roots decreased and then increased with increasing auxin concentration. The number of roots on soil + manure and soil + manure + husk showed the same pattern with auxin concentration. Almost 100% of life cuttings have been found on all media and auxin concentrations. Soil + manure with 25 g/L auxins and soil + manure + husk with 50 g/L auxins caused 33.33% and 66.67% life cuttings, respectively.
Effective decontamination and multiplication of Croton membranaceus in vitro
Authors: ADUKONU IRENE AGBLESI , AYEH KWADWO OWUSU , ACHEAMPONG ELIZABETH
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Adukonu IA, Ayeh KO, Acheampong E. 2022. Effective decontamination and multiplication of Croton membranaceus in vitro. Cell Biol Dev 6: 68-81. Croton membranaceus Müll. Arg. is a useful herb with medicinal properties, and its leaves, roots, and bark are used to treat diverse ailments. However, the harvesting method by traditional medical practitioners without replacement exposes it to extinction. Therefore, the only means of propagating is by relatively slow use of seeds, and an alternative propagation method is needed for field establishment and nursery. Therefore, this study aims at determining an effective propagation by sterilization regime and subsequent in vitro regeneration using different explants; intact seeds, isolated embryos, coatless seeds, and nodal-cutting. The explants were decontaminated using double sterilization; the best was achieved by pre-treatment with 70% ethanol for 3 min before immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Intact seeds were effectively decontaminated by immersion in 15% NaOCl solution for 20 min, then by 10% NaOCl for 15 min. Conversely, coatless seeds were effectively decontaminated when isolated from intact seeds immersed in 20% NaOCl solution for 20 min and 15% NaOCl for 15 min. Further, embryos isolated from intact seeds were effectively decontaminated in 20% NaOCl for 15 min, then by 15% NaOCl for 10 min sequentially. These sterilization regimes successfully decontaminated 86% intact seeds, 100% isolated embryos, and 80% coatless seeds. Nodal-cutting explants were best decontaminated by immersion in 20% NaOCl solution for 15 min, followed by 15% NaOCl for 10 min sequentially without ethanol pre-treatment. This sterilization regime successfully decontaminated 100% of the nodal-cutting explants. However, the development of shoot explants varied in response to sterilization. Intact seeds did not develop into shoots, while isolated embryos, coatless seeds, and nodal-cutting explants developed into shoots independent of the sterilization regime. Shoot development was highest with the medium’s shoot-tip explants added with BAP, NAA, and GA3. Shoot multiplication was best achieved on an MS basal medium with 5.0 ?M BAP, 0.5 ?M NAA, and 5.0 ?M GA3 amendment.
The Collapse of Mercantilism: Anglo-Hispanic Trans-Pacific Ventures in Asia at the End of the Spanish Empire (1815–30)
Authors: Permanyer-Ugartemendia Ander
Published: January 2023

Early modern connections between the Pacific shores of the Spanish Empire have been assessed in previous studies and yet, studies on the subsequent developments during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are scant. This particularly applies to the consequences of the commercial developments at the end of the Manila Galleon and the collapse of the Spanish Empire in America. Through the analysis of the professional networks of Francisco Xavier de Ezpeleta, and Juan Nepomuceno Machado, which stretched from Asia to Mexico at the time, this paper proposes some preliminary conclusions about trans-Pacific links. It focuses on the study of networks and connections, and builds upon archival sources — mostly from the Jardine Matheson Archive, in Cambridge. In the transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth centuries, actors who made up Hispanic trading networks in what remained of the crumbling Spanish Empire, reorganised to benefit from opportunities as mercantilist limitations came to an end. In so doing, by the 1820s, Hispanic traders allied with the forebears of the British firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co., and controlled the resulting networks. This paper points to Hispanic trans-Pacific connections during the development of European private trade between East Asia and the Mexican Pacific. Ties between British and Hispanic merchants are key for the analysis of the opium trade and Western imperialism in East Asia, and the development of British commercial hegemony in Latin America in the nineteenth century.
Deep learning-enabled volumetric cone photoreceptor segmentation in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography images of normal and diseased eyes
Authors: Soltanian-Zadeh Somayyeh , Liu Zhuolin , Liu Yan , Lassoued Ayoub , Cukras Catherine A. , Miller Donald T. , Hammer Daniel X. , Farsiu Sina
Published: January 2023

Objective quantification of photoreceptor cell morphology, such as cell diameter and outer segment length, is crucial for early, accurate, and sensitive diagnosis and prognosis of retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) provides three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of photoreceptor cells in the living human eye. The current gold standard for extracting cell morphology from AO-OCT images involves the tedious process of 2-D manual marking. To automate this process and extend to 3-D analysis of the volumetric data, we propose a comprehensive deep learning framework to segment individual cone cells in AO-OCT scans. Our automated method achieved human-level performance in assessing cone photoreceptors of healthy and diseased participants captured with three different AO-OCT systems representing two different types of point scanning OCT: spectral domain and swept source.
Automatic force-controlled 3D photoacoustic system for human peripheral vascular imaging
Authors: Xing Baicheng , He Zhengyan , Zhou Fang , Zhao Yuan , Shan Tianqi
Published: January 2023

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging provides unique advantages in peripheral vascular imaging due to its high sensitivity to hemoglobin. Nevertheless, limitations associated with handheld or mechanical scanning by stepping motor techniques have precluded photoacoustic vascular imaging from advancing to clinical applications. As clinical applications require flexibility, affordability, and portability of imaging equipment, current photoacoustic imaging systems developed for clinical applications usually use dry coupling. However, it inevitably induces uncontrolled contact force between the probe and the skin. Through 2D and 3D experiments, this study proved that contact forces during the scanning could significantly affect the vascular shape, size, and contrast in PA images, due to the morphology and perfusion alterations of the peripheral blood vessels. However, there is no available PA system that can control forces accurately. This study presented an automatic force-controlled 3D PA imaging system based on a six-degree-of-freedom collaborative robot and a six-dimensional force sensor. It is the first PA system that achieves real-time automatic force monitoring and control. This paper's results, for the first time, demonstrated the ability of an automatic force-controlled system to acquire reliable 3D PA images of peripheral blood vessels. This study provides a powerful tool that will advance PA peripheral vascular imaging to clinical applications in the future.
Atmospheric correction algorithm based on the interpolation of ultraviolet and shortwave infrared bands
Authors: Bai Ruofeng , He Xianqiang , Bai Yan , Gong Fang , Zhu Qiankun , Wang Difeng , Li Teng
Published: January 2023

Traditional atmospheric correction algorithms of ocean color remote sensing are mostly based on the extrapolation of aerosol scattering radiance from a reference band (near infrared, shortwave infrared, or ultraviolet bands), which inevitably leads to the problem of extrapolation error amplification with the increase of extrapolation spectral distance. In this study, we propose a practical interpolation-based algorithm (named the UV-SWIR-AC algorithm) using three reference bands (one ultraviolet and two shortwave infrared bands) for turbid waters. According to 6SV radiative transfer simulations with 15 customized aerosol types, we establish a fitting function framework for the aerosol scattering radiance in the wavelength range of 322-1643 nm. We apply the UV-SWIR-AC algorithm to the real satellite ocean color data observed by the Second-Generation Global Imager aboard the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (SGLI/GCOM-C) and compare the retrieved remote sensing reflectance with the in-situ data from the observation platform of Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and typical bays. The results show that the UV-SWIR-AC algorithm can achieve a better performance than the traditional, extrapolation-based algorithm in turbid waters. Moreover, in the typical regional analysis, this new algorithm also demonstrates a high applicability. The UV-SWIR-AC algorithm should be helpful to improve the atmospheric correction accuracy for next-generation ocean color missions (e.g., NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission and China’s Haiyang-1E/F (HY-1E/F) mission) with wider spectral ranges from the ultraviolet to shortwave infrared wavelengths.
Experimental study of an intensity-modulated curvature sensor with high sensitivity based on microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Jing Xili , Li Kaifeng , Wu Biao
Published: January 2023

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based fiber optic curvature sensors have the advantage of being insensitive to temperature and axial strain. However, they have the disadvantage of low sensitivity and small curvature detection range. To improve the performance of SPR curvature sensors, we propose an intensity-modulated microstructured optical fiber (MOF) curvature sensor. In this sensor, two no-core fibers (NCFs) are used as input-output couplers, and MOF with silver film deposited is used as sensing arms. The light in the cladding is used to excite the SPR, and the exciting resonant valley is extremely sensitive to slight bending changes. The performance of this sensor is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Numerical results show that its cladding pattern is more favorable in the excitation of SPR effects. Experimental results show that the cladding mode of MOF is very sensitive to curvature changes, thus giving it a great advantage in bending measurements. Its sensitivity reaches 0.18 dB/m-1, and linearity reaches 0.995 in the curvature range of 0-30 m-1. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, low temperature and axial strain crosstalk, compact structure, and easy fabrication, which make it attractive in the field of bending sensing.