bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Perbandingan Persepsi Konsumen Mengenai Store Atmosphere Pada Ritel Modern Dan Ritel Konvensional (Studi Kasus Pada Indomaret Dan Toko Dedy Di Tenggarong)
Authors: Novianti Silvia Nurma , Luthman Awang Yacoub , Ilham Ilham
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Our highly perceived form of word is the distance that reads these small traders fret. If retail business grows year by year in the absence of prevailing regulations then it is with conventional market which will also reduce revenue from the conventional market itself, because the adjacent distance is certainly cheaper than traditional market. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze comparison of consumer perception about store atmosphere in modern retail (Indomaret) and conventional retail (Toko Dedy). The data used is primary data. This research method using purposive sampling, with the terms and conditions applicable. Samples studied were 91 respondents. Number of variables studied is 1 ie store atmosphere with 4 indicators. In this research using Paired Sample T-Test analysis by comparing the average value in modern retail (Indomaret) and conventional retail (Toko Dedy). From the results of the study stated that the first hypothesis statement in this study which states "that there are significant differences in consumer perceptions of store atmosphere in modern retail and conventional retail" received. This is reinforced by the result of Paired Sample T-Test obtained by tcount equal to 37,919 which is bigger than ttable that is 1,9867 with probability (Sig.) 0.000 which is also smaller than 0,05. Then a statement from the second hypothesis stating that "the difference in consumer perception of store atmosphere in modern retail is more dominant than conventional retail" is accepted. It is proved by comparison result of mean value of Paired Sample Statistics obtained by mean value in modern retail (indomaret) equal to 58,5275 while mean value in conventional retail (Toko Dedy) is smaller that is equal to 29,7692.Â Keywords: Store Atmosphere, Modern Retail, Conventional Retail.
Pengaruh Servicescape Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Rumah Makan Tepian Pandan Di Tenggarong
Authors: Fahleti Widya Hana
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Customer satisfaction has become a very important issue, and many companies invest resources on consumers and continually strive to find information on how to improve customer satisfaction. One way to do manager in defending consumers and attract new customers by using servicescape theory and coupled with quality service Employers use the service environment as a way to demonstrate the qualities of its business, with the aim to make customers feel satisfied with the quality and service provided to consumers. The object of this research was conducted at the edges Spot Pandan Tenggarong. This study aims to identify and analyze the influence servicescape influence on consumer satisfaction and quality of service for customer satisfaction at Rumah Makan Tepian Pandan TenggarongÂ  Sample research data amounted to 80 people were taken randomly with traffic levels more than once. Data were analyzed with the help of SmartPLS application to determine the relationship of each partial latent variables. The findings indicate that the hypothesis is rejected servicescape no significant effect on customer satisfaction, and the second hypothesis is accepted, the quality of service significantly influence customer satisfactionKeywords : servicescape, service quality and customer satisfaction
Pengaruh Pelatihan Dan Disiplin Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Kojo Badak Di Muara Badak
Authors: Arisman Arisman , Sabtohadi Joko , Alam Bambang Sukma
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The purpose of the study are to to see if in full and simultaneous training and discipline significant impact on employee performance he would do to pt .Kojo in muara rhinoceros .The form of survey research is research , the approach that was used explanation reseach and , the results of the analysis is the variable training and discipline and good in full simultaneous have had a positive impact and significant on variables the employee performance he would do to PT. Kojo rhinoceros in kecamatan muara rhinoceros .Â Keywords: training , discipline, and the employee performance
Pengaruh Shopping Lifestyle Dan Fashion Involvement Terhadap Impulse Buying Behavior Pada â€œButik Kanabiniâ€ Di Tenggarong
Authors: Sari Nilam Anggar , Indrawati Faridha
Published: June 2022

Abstract :This research is meant to find out the influence of shopping lifestyle and fashion involvement to the impulse buying behavior. The population is the customers who have ever purchasedÂ  clothes at Kanakbini Boutique Tenggarong. The sample collection technique has been done by using sampling purposive and 75 people have been selected as samples. The analysis has been done by using multiple linear regressions. The result of the research shows that shopping lifestyle have influence to the impulse buying of the fashion product at Kanakbini Boutique. Partially, Fashion Involvement has no significant effect to Impulse buying behavior of Kanakbini Boutique . Meanwhile, the variable which has dominant influence to the impulse buying is shopping lifestyle because its partial coefficient determination is the biggest when it is compared to other variables. The analysis using the coefficient of determination shopping lifestyle and fashion involvement simultaneously variable influence on impulsive buying by 29.3 % while the remaining 70.7% is the influence of other variables not examined in this study such as quality of service, brand, discount, display, hedonic shopping value, etc.Keywords: Impulse Buying Behaviour, Fashion Involvement, Shopping Lifestyle
Cover Jurnal
Authors: Jemi Jurnal
Published: June 2022

Cover Jurnal Vol. 18 No. 2 Desember 2018
Rekayasa Lingkungan Dan Valuasi Ekonomi Objek Wisata Air Terjun Kandua Raya Desa Kedang Ipil, Kecamatan Kota Bangun, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Ansahar Ansahar , Sinaga Yunita
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The establishment of the village of Kedang Ipil as tourist village could not be separated from the presence of natural attractions in the form of Kandua Raya Waterfall that often become a destination vacation or recreation for the surrounding communities and region in particular communities of East kalimantan. This research is useful for manager or as reference for related party interested in the preparation of Kandua Raya tourism development. Data obtained either the primary data, secondary data and ancillary data are analyzed in a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative. The strategy of the development of nature tourism is in the SWOT analysis to maximize the strength and opportunities of development activities towards local communities, yet simultaneously also can minimize weakness and threats that are contained in it. Knowledge of the economic value ofÂ  natural resources and the environment is important, both for the managers, the public, as well as the related agencies. The support of the relevant agencies and the positive attitude of the public is indispensable. Moreover, the road to accessibility to the site is still difficult. Need to repair the road Infrastructure. However, institutions involved and the determination of responsibility does not match the task.Keywords: Environment, waterfall, tourism
Analisis Pendapatan Bersih Usaha Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Agian Di Tenggarong
Authors: Anggareni Aji Desilia , Suryadiansyah Aji , Hayati Nopi
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the amount of net income received by the Agian Water Refill Drinking business in Tenggarong between the researchers and companies.The data used are gross income, labor costs, operational costs and overhead costs for 2016 and 2017. The analytical tool used is quantitative analysis of cost accounting and profitability methods.Based on the results of research on the Water Depot for Agian refill in Tenggarong, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. In 2016 net profit margin obtained by Drinking Water Depot Agian refill for the researcher version was 35.79% and in the company version 40.90% with a difference of 5.11%. In 2017 both the researcher and company versions experienced a decline in value of 30.68% and 35.98% for the company version.2. In 2016 Total Assets Turnover produced by Drinking Water Depots by the researcher version of Agian refills is 1.35 times and the company version is 1.35 times or both calculations are the same. In 2017 the researchers version of the total assets turnover was 1.03 times and the company version 1.03 aka the same but the second value of this calculation decreased when compared to 2016.3. In 2016 Earning Power produced by Drinking Water Depot Agian refills the researcher version 49.02% and company version 56.01% with a difference of 6.99%. In 2017 the researcher version value was 32.20% and the company version was 37.75%, or there was a 173% decrease compared to Earning Power produced in 2016.4. In 2016 the Return On Investment (ROI) generated by the Drinking Water Depot Agian refills the researcher's version of 48.53% and the company version 55.45% with a difference of 7%. In 2017 the researcher version of the Return On Investment (ROI) value was 31.87% and the company version was 37.38%. From this value the two calculation versions in 2017 still experience a decline in value compared to 2016.5. In 2011 the Return On Equity produced by Drinking Water Depots by the researcher version of Agian refills was 72.84% and the company's version yield was 83.24%. For the 2017 version the researcher version is 37.59% and the entrepreneur's version is 44.07% or when compared the results of 2017 are still lower than in 2016.6. Based on the description, and see the results of the calculation, it can be concluded that the results of the calculation of the company's version of the analysis there are striking differences or still higher than the version of the researcher so that the hypothesis proposed earlier was accepted because it proved the truth.Â Keywords: Net Income
Application of Management at the Pangkalan Masyhur Sub-District Office, Medan Johor District
Authors: Ayu Indah Mutiara
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the application of management at the Pangkalan Masyhur sub-district office, Medan Johor district, which has been and discusses implementing managemement. The results showed that the implementation of work carried out at the Pangkalan Masyhur subdistrict office, Medan Johor subdistrict, was still carried out overlapping, many of the services expected by the community were late and tended to take a long time, because each employee waited for each other due to the lack of a typewriter/computer in making letters that society needs.
Cash Receipt Accounting Information System at Military Court I-02 Medan in 2021
Authors: Jusasni Teti Tri Astuti , Harahap Rahmat Daim
Published: June 2022

Every agency definitely needs an accounting information system that has been well planned and supervised, to control financial receipts. With the information system, the goals of an agency can be achieved. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of cash receipts accounting information systems in the context of financial planning and control at the military court I-02 Medan. The data used is qualitative data. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the cash receipts accounting information system for financial planning and control at the military court I-02 Medan was adequate because it was appropriate and fulfilled the basic elements of an accounting information system, namely human resources, equipment, forms/documents, records, procedures and reports, and has complied with procedures in internal control. Therefore, until now the cash receipts accounting information system at the Military Court I-02 Medan can run effectively.
Communication strategy conducted by tourism office of Buleleng regency in promoting “janger kolok” during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Puspasari I Gusti Ayu Putu , Soedarsono Dewi K.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the communication strategy steps of the Tourism Office to promote Janger Kolok Cultural Tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data sources of this research consist of key informants, expert informants, and supporting informants. The method of data collection was done through interviews, observation, and document recording. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the Buleleng Regency Tourism Office carried out communication strategy steps through four stages, namely: (1) the analysis and research phase, which focused on analyzing the condition of the decline in tourism activity; (2) the policy formulation stage, formulating strategic policies by utilizing digitalization to promote tourism through packaging creative media content on social media. (3) The implementation phase of the main strategy program is to start designing creative promotional content, and (4) the communication activity stage is to disseminate promotional content through social media such as Instagram and Youtube. This study concludes that the communication strategy of the Tourism Office in promoting Janger Kolok Cultural Tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic is through a creative media content strategy.
Fetal kidney length as a useful adjunct parameter for determination of gestational age
Authors: Solanki Kunal , Shah Krunal , Desai Manav , Nagrani Siddharth
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Accurate gestational age assessment is important in obstetric care ultrasonography. Fetal kidney length is one of the emerging parameter in estimation of fetal gestational age in 3rd trimester. Objectives: Is to the ascertain the precision of ultrasonographic fetal kidney length measurement as a reliable parameter for determination of gestational age in 3rd trimester. Materials and Methods:  Cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 152 antenatal women in the 3rd trimester. Gestational age was estimated by early fetal ultrasound measure and last menstrual period. Results: Mean kidney length showed a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.907 and a determination coefficient of 0.822 with GA. The test was significant at P < 0.05. Conclusions:  This study confirms that the fetal kidney length measurement for estimating the gestational age accurately in the 3rd trimester.
Efficacy of rational emotive education
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Bhansali Heenakshi , Nehabala Yagyima , Roy Aratrika
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Irrational beliefs are unrealistic reasoning processes by which external events are interpreted and through which emotional distress is mediated. Self-esteem is known as the evaluative dimension of the self that includes the feelings of worthiness, pride and encouragement. Rational emotive education (REE) is a preventive-intervention mental health program through which children and adolescents can learn positive mental health concept. The present research has focused on decreasing irrational beliefs and improving self-esteem with help of intervention of REE, and also finding relation of irrational beliefs with self-esteem. Method. Shortened General Attitude and Belief Scale (SGABS; Lindner, Kirkby, Wertheim, & Birch, 1999) and Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 2002) were used for administration purpose. Initially 300 participants were taken and 100 participants were screen out who were high on irrational beliefs and low on self-esteem, and futher intervention was applied on them. Results. Repeated measure ANOVA and correlation was computed. Results have shown significant negative correlation of irrational beliefs with self-esteem. ANOVA results also shown positive effect of REE on boosting self-esteem and brought decline in irrational beliefs. The findings of the present research have significant implications in the area of counseling of adolescent students.
Occupational risks among radiation workers at hospitals in AL-Muthanna governorate, Iraq
Authors: Eoda Zaineb. J. , Thamer Mahmood. S.
Published: June 2022

Cross-sectional study was conducted among participant in All radiation units in hospitals in AL-Muthana Governorate were taken into this study done by face-to-face interviews with 95 participants from radiological units to find out occupational risk for radiation workers and to identify the extent of the obligations of radiation workers in hospital in terms of wearing personal protective equipment. Total respondent was 95, Their mean age was 37 years, 70.5% of the were males, one third of them were radiographers work in the x-ray units, most of them were married, 41.1% hold a diploma certificate. The study found that 89% of staff answer known about availability of PPI (lead coat) while only 45.4% use of them when dialing with radiation on the other hand 50.9-92% of staff answer about unavailability of other PPI such as theroid shield, genital shield, and lead glasses). only 63.2% of the staff have training course about occupational health and safety. With all questions statical significant at P. value <0.05.
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five years in Babylon Government, Iraq
Authors: Abdulzahra Mazin Faeq , Ahmed Jabbar Taresh , Kadhem Qais Ismaeel
Published: June 2022

Background: since 2003, Iraq's fragile geopolitical situation has harmed people's health, especially children. Some factors may have an impact on a child's nutritional status. The research goal is to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 6 to 59 months in a comprehensive sample of children in Babylon. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study focuses on the prevalence of malnutrition in children under the age of five at primary health care centers in Al- Hilla city's urban and rural areas. From November 1st, 2021, the research will take time until March 1st, 2022. After receiving their permission, the data was obtained using an auto-self questionnaire with a series of questions and an interview with moms and children. This interview lasts 10–15 minutes for each kid and is used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in childhood. The prevalence of severe wasting (1.3%), underweight (1.3%), stunting (6.5%), and severe stunting (5.2%) was seen in both genders. The total prevalence of malnutrition among children under the age of five was determined to be 14.3%.
Challenges of implementing the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program
Authors: Rahmadhani Wulan , Aprina Hardianti
Published: June 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a global health problem that needs to be addressed including prevention of hiv/AIDS transmission from mother to baby. Prevention of transmission is carried out by implementing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission program or PMTCT program. The PMTCT program is considered successful in reducing the risk of transmission from mother to baby, but it has not been implemented properly and thoroughly, various challenges occur in the implementation of the PMTCT program. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the results of previous research on the challenges of implementing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program. Method: The method used is literaturee review. In the first stage begins by doing article alignment using pubmed search engines and Google scholar. The keywords used in article searches are "PMTCT, HIV. Results: Challenges in the implementation of the PMTCT program include lack of information about ARV treatment, lack of family support, the severity of the workload experienced by health workers and the limited hiv testing equipment and drug stocks.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Perawatan Diri Dan Pemanfaatan Pengobatan Herbal Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Wilayah Kepulauan
Authors: Sukarna R Ade , Nazliansyah Nazliansyah , Purba Eva Dewi R. , Sinulingga Syamsul Rizal
Published: June 2022

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan perawatan jangka panjang sehingga membutuhkan  perawatan diri  mandiri supaya tidak terjadi komplikasi dan kualitas hidup dapat meningkat. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan perawatan diri dan pemanfaatan pengobatan herbal pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Perawatan diri dengan pendekatan Diabetes Self Management Education(DSME) dan pemanfaatn ekstrak daun salam. Mitra adalah 25 penderita  diabetes mellitus yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Tanjungpandan  di Pulau Belitung. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan dan mitra melakukan perawatan sesuai dengan panduan yang sudah dibuat termasuk mengkonsumsi ekstrat daun salam sebanyak 3 g sehari.  Hasil  setelah dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat, terdapat peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan penderita DM tentang perawatan penyakit DM  dan penggunaan obat herbal pada post test yaitu sebesar 75,2 dimana saat Pre-test pengetahuan 51,2 serta peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 32%. Hasil pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu dalam 8 kali pengukuran selama 1 bulan, ada72% rata-rata nilai gula darah normal.
PERMA Modelinin Demografik Faktörler Bağlamında İncelenmesi: Hizmet Sektöründe ve Z Kuşağında Geniş Ölçekli Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Sezer Cihan , İNAL İbrahim Haşim
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı hizmet sektöründe çalışan bireylerin psikolojik esenliklerinin demografik faktörlerden nasıl etkilendiğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Psikolojik esenliği ölçümlemek üzere M. Seligman tarafından geliştirilen PERMA Psikolojik Esenlik Modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu model psikolojik esenlik çalışmalarında kullanılan en güncel ve geçerli yaklaşım olarak kabul edilebilir. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesi için 1101 kişiden elde edilen veriler üzerinden farklılık testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cinsiyet, eğitim, yaş ve çalışma süresi gibi demografik verilerde anlamlı ve yüksek düzeyde farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Örneklem içerisinde Z kuşağına ait 483 bireyin var olması nedeni ile araştırma sonuçları Z kuşağının psikolojik esenliği ve yönetimi açısından da yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın kuramsal katkısı alan yazında demografik veriler ve psikolojik esenlik ilişkisindeki çelişkili sonuçlara temsili düzeyi büyük bir örneklem ile yön vermesi ve uygulamadaki katkısı ise işletme yöneticilerine psikolojik esenlik konusunda gerçekleştirecekleri tüm İK uygulamaları ve yönetim uygulamalarına ışık tutması olarak söylenebilir.
Antisalmonellal Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Piliostigma thonningii leaf extract
Authors: Abdulsalami Halimat , Daudu Yusuf Oladipupo A. , Adabara Nasiru Usman , Hamzah Rabiat Unekwu
Published: June 2022

Background: Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection which causes bacteremia and inflammatory destruction of the intestine and some internal organs in the body. The widespread emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi has necessitated the search for other therapeutic options. The study was conducted to screen the antisalmonellal activity of Piliostigma thonningii leaf crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds. Methods: The plant leaves were extracted with 70% methanol, the crude extract was partitioned into fractions and was tested for antibacterial activity against S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and Salmonella paratyphi C using agar well diffusion technique. Column and thin layer chromatographic methods were used for phyto-constituent separation of plant extract. The most effective antisalmonellal column chromatography isolated compound was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: The crude extract and the fractions except n-hexane fraction possess antibacterial activity on at least one of the Salmonella strains tested, however, the ethyl acetate fraction (PT1-03) exhibited the widest zone of inhibition on the test bacteria (14-16 mm) at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. The zones of growth inhibition increased with the increasing concentration of the fractions. The corresponding increase in concentration and growth inhibition zone was significant (p<0.05). The isolated compound obtained from the column chromatography also showed significant inhibition on the Salmonella strains (12-15 mm) at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. GC-MS analysis of the column chromatography isolates revealed Levomenthol and hexadecanoic acids as the major compounds. Conclusion: The study clearly indicates that P. thonningii possesses bioactive compounds that are active against some Salmonella species. Therefore, these phytochemicals can be formulated into drugs for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
Fiscal Consolidation The Indian Experience
Authors:   Associate Professor, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, India., Yadav Dr Swati
Published: June 2022

Fiscal consolidation methods have always been under lens since their origin with newer and more stringent way of monitoring them. Still the elected policymakers tend to find a way to manage them so as to not to lose the externality benefits of higher fiscal deficits in term of electoral gains. This paper analyses the fiscal adjustment programme adopted by the central government of India since the inception of FRBM act 2003. A comparison of the consequences of fiscal adjustment on public finance under discretionary phase of economic reforms with the initial rule phase has also been discussed in this paper. Analysis indicates that fiscal reforms has led to consolidation of public finances in India but some crucial challenges remain i) setting up of Fiscal Council ii) not to use creative accounting to maneuver accounts to meet the fiscal targets iii) implementing countercyclical fiscal policy in totality and iv) starting a countercyclical fund. JEL Classification: E 62, E 60
Continuous vancomycin infusion versus intermittent infusion in critically Ill patients: The research protocol
Authors: Permpikul Chairat , Maluangnon Chailat
Published: June 2022

Background: Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcal and Enterococcal infections are important problems in intensive care units (ICUs). Vancomycin is a drug of choice, and continuous administration has long been proposed as an alternative method with better therapeutic benefits. This study aims to examine information on the benefits of continuous vancomycin infusion (CVI) compared with the intermittent vancomycin infusion (IVI) method.

Method: A quasi-experimental study with a propensity score-matched historical control involves adult patients in medical or surgical ICUs. In the experimental group, 31 patients for whom vancomycin is indicated will be enrolled to receive CVI for at least 48 hours with therapeutic drug monitoring according to the study protocol. For the historical control group, data of patients who received IVI between January 2018 and October 2020 will be retrospectively reviewed. Capability to achieve serum vancomycin therapeutic target within 48 hours, 96 hours, the incidence of supra- and subtherapeutic level, treatment successfulness, mortality, and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) between the two infusion methods will be analyzed before and after one-to-two propensity score matching.

Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the institutional review boards of Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (COA no. Si 027/2021). We plan to disseminate the results in peer-reviewed critical care medicine or infectious disease-related journals and national and international conferences.

Trial registration: TCTR20210122005. Registered on January 22, 2021, with Thai Clinical Trials Registry
Response of clonal Eucalypt (Eucalyptus Tereticornis) to different regimes of Irrigation
Authors: Singh Baljit , Kaur Navneet , Gill R.
Published: June 2022

The productivity of trees can be increased through improved cultural practices. A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of clonal Eucalypt (Eucalyptus tereticornis) in four irrigation treatments in Punjab. The four irrigation levels were: no irrigation, irrigation at cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) of 180, 120 and 60 mm. The growth parameters increased significantly with increase in the level of irrigation. These were the lowest in unirrigated plants (GBH 30.40 cm, height 9.59 m, clear bole 6.29 m and crown spread 7.13 m2) and the highest at 60 mm CPE (GBH 51.37 cm, height 18.24 m, clear bole 8.53 m and crown spread 10.92 m2). The concentrations of nutrients in the leaves of plants were the highest (N 13.8 g/kg, P 1.38 g/kg and K 7.8 g/kg) in unirrigated plants, which decreased significantly with increase in the level of irrigation.
Note on inter-grafting of Mesua Ferrea scion on root stock of Calophyllum Inophyllum
Authors: Gogate P. , Rane A. , Gunaga Rajesh , Mirgal A. , Bhave S.
Published: June 2022

The present study was taken to study the interspecies grafting of Mesua ferra scion on root stock of Calophyllum inophyllum, Garcinia indica and Mamea suriga. Result showed the C. inophyllum produced successful grafts of Mesua ferra with survival percentage of 100.
Studies on some fungal diseases of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) and their effects on the commercial quality of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) in Doon Valley
Authors: Kant Rama , Bhatt M. , Khan M.
Published: June 2022

Mulberry plant is very much susceptible to fungal diseases like other agricultural and horticultural plants which cause severe loss in quality and production of leaf. Several foliar fungal diseases have been observed during the survey particularly during the rainy season. Sometimes diseases caused heavy crop losses and also reduced the leaf quality and directly affecting the production of quality cocoons. Damp and humid conditions of the Valley increase the development of pathogens. Therefore, studies on period of occurrence and degree of incidence of different diseases of mulberry were carried out during 2001-2005 with a view to ensure high productivity of quality leaf.
Human mauling behaviour of Sloth Bear, in Banaskantha district, North Gujarat, India
Authors: Mewada Tana , Dharaiya Nisith , Ratnayeke Shyamala
Published: June 2022

The Banasknatha forest division in Gujarat harbours a large number of Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) in spite of highly patchy, fragmented and degraded forests, high human population in adjacent villages, enormous agricultural expansion and continuous encroachment on bear habitat, and high cattle grazing pressure. As a result, attacks on human beings and agricultural crop damage by Sloth Bears are sharply evident. Although, Sloth Bears are unpredictable in their attacking behaviour, therefore, it is very important to understand the attacking and mauling behaviour and activity pattern of Sloth Bears, which may help develop the local people to avoid Bears. Forty-seven human injuries occurred from 1968 - 2008 and most of these incidences took place when Bears were active. Information about the attacking behaviour and the nature of human injuries had been collected by intriguing interviews with the mauled victims. In 58% cases, the Sloth Bear charged spontaneously, during daytime, and then attacked repeatedly. Four casualties occurred when a mother and cub(s) were together, 43 attacks were by a single bear. Injuries to the victims included injury to hands (upper half) and legs (lower half), due mainly to biting and used claws (n = 29) and injuries to the head, forehead, face, and body (n =18).
Glitter of plant diversity in the sacred grove of Kharar, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.)
Authors: Malik Vijai , Mohammad Inam , Pranita
Published: June 2022

Sacred groves are spiritually charged and holy places having patches of vegetation in its climax state and which have been protected by local people on socio-religious grounds. In real sense sacred groves are the oldest existing form what was known as ancient Botanical Garden. The present paper deals with the Glitter of plant diversity in the sacred grove of Kharar, district Muzaffarnagar (U.P); for, to the best of the knowledge of the investigator, the road leading to this arena is untrodden. The study records 120 angiosperms belonging to 45 families.
A Critical Study of Translating Some of Poe’s Selected Poems by the EFL Students of Translation Department
Authors: Ta'amneh Issam Mostafa , Al-Ghazo Abeer
Published: June 2022

The paper aims at presenting a critical study of five translations of Poe's poems by the students of Translation Department at Isra University. To conduct the study, the researchers chose five of Poe’s well-known poems and divided the sample of the study into five groups. Thirty students participated in this study. The researchers asked the participants to translate the given poems expressing the difficulties they faced as well as the solutions and the strategies that they followed to overcome these difficulties. The study took place in the first semester of the academic year 2021/2022. The results showed that the presence of odd and old words as well as the difficulty of guessing the intended meanings, were the most difficulties that the students faced. As for the strategies, the analysis showed that using different dictionaries to get the intended meaning and depending on the context to guess the meanings of odd words were the most common strategies that the participants followed in their translation tasks. It is expected from this paper to provide some recommendations for the students who study translation in different universities and the lecturers who teach translation to students at different academic levels on how to deal with such difficulties and the best methods to overcome such problems.
October Revolution and Soviet Class Struggle Policy in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Altymyshova Zuhra
Published: June 2022

In the middle of the XIX century, the territory of contemporary Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Tsarist Russia. Later, in 1917, as a result of the October Revolution, the Tsarist regime was replaced by the Soviet rule. In the territory of Kyrgyzstan, it was established firstly in the southern and western regions of the country, such as Suluktu and Kyzyl-Kiya, Osh and Talas, where the largest industrial enterprises, mines, railway junctions and most of the workers and soldiers were concentrated. However, already by the mid 1918, the Soviet government managed to spread its power to the entire region of Kyrgyzstan.

In 1924, the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, established on April 30, 1918, was reorganized into a new administrative division. As the part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), on October 24, 1924 the Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was formed. On May 25, 1925 the Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was renamed into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Then on February 01, 1926 it was restructured into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On December 05, 1936 it became a separate constituent republic of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) known as the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic. Along with other 15 Soviet Socialist states, Kyrgyzstan had been the member of the USSR for about 70 years, from 1919 till 1991.

The current paper focuses on the processes of social transformation under the Soviet regime, especially the implementation of class struggle policy and its impact on Kyrgyzstan. In comparison with the interventions from the Tsarist Russia, the social transformation process undertaken under the Soviet system was quite different. In the territory of the Kyrgyz traditional society, the Tsarist Russia made only some social reorganization, but the Soviets brought radical changes in to the socio-political organizations of the Kyrgyz people. The paper seeks to understand how the Soviet Union tried to reconstruct the Kyrgyz society during the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, the paper will analyze the methods and mechanisms of the social transformation processes and the measures used by the Soviet government in their socio-political ‘battles’ against the local elites, and the influence of the new system on the existing socio-economic stratification in the context of the Kyrgyz society. During the Soviet period the prevalent scientific vision about the major historical events of the time was based on the Communist ideology. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to analyze and describe an objective overview of the history of Soviet class struggle policy. The paper is based on the research of local archival documents, published sources and oral materials.
Indian Opposition to Chinese Belt and Road Initiative: Response, Rationale and Action
Authors: Amin Musarat , Naseer Rizwan
Published: June 2022

China’s massive initiative of the Belt and Road (BRI) is a gigantic leap that is aiming to connect world’s 65% population, 30% of global G.D.P and about sixty eight countries that have signed on to be part of this mega project. The China Development Bank has estimated 900 projects that are worth more than a trillion dollars, underway to accomplish dream of 21st century New Silk Road. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is the flagship project of BRI, heralded as game changer that will bring prosperity to Pakistan and will turn Gwadar into an economic hub between Africa, West-Asia and South Asia. India opposed China’s BRI as well as CPEC to neutralize China’s regional and global influence. Modi has shifted from India’s Look East to Act-East Policy and introduced Mausam and SAGAR projects to counterweight BRI. This paper unfolds reasons of India opposition to BRI as well CPEC by providing readers insights about various Indian foreign policy goals. This paper is an analysis of China’s BRI and India’s response to contain it. It also highlights the challenges that CPEC is facing due to India intensive diplomatic maneuvers to impede it. The BRI is set to transform China from civilization state to a western style nation state.
World Trade Organization’s Agreements Affecting Pak-Afghan Border Tribes
Authors: Naseer Noreen
Published: June 2022

This paper attempts to highlight the perceived threats of World Trade Organization’s certain agreements to the livelihood of the tribes residing erstwhile FATA and adjacent five-border provinces/wilayatona of Afghanistan. There are seventeen agreements of WTO that deals with issues related to trade and commerce. The Agreement on Agriculture offers obligations for member states in the area of market access, tariff regulations, export competition, domestic support, export subsidies, food security, and environmental protection. If agreements such as Agreement on Agriculture, General Agreement on Trade and Services, Trade Policy Review Mechanism and Social Clause are extended without adjustment to the needs of poor nations and sub-nations living on the peripheries, then it may prove detrimental to their survival. To substantiate my argument, I have briefly discussed the adverse affects and recorded protests against such agreements by the poor indigenous people living across the world’s different peripheries.
Peshawar University Campus Libraries, Treasury of Central Asian Manuscripts
Authors: Abdul Haseeb  , Jan Saeed Ullah
Published: June 2022

The cultural and literary heritage of a nation can be found in their writings. Moreover, the development of art, science and literature can be assessed historically through the use of these writing available in manuscript form. They throw enough light on the times in which they were written. It is a record of the knowledge, aesthetic literary and creative skill of the period in which they were written. Manuscripts are therefore essentially thought to be the most important element in tracing on the human heritage.Since earlier knowledge along with religion came to this part of the world through Central Asia, therefore most rather all such records are available in the prevailing languages of the time like Arabic, Persian, Turkish or Pashto.The University Campus5 at Peshawar is a conglomeration center of knowledge. Emerging with Islamia College in the early part of the last century, it had by now grown into four universities with couple of dozen institutions. The manuscript repositories amongst them are mainly Islamia College (now university) and the University of Peshawar. They contain, to my assessment, some of the rarest collections on socio-scientific knowledge besides religion and ethics. The total number of manuscripts in the Islamia College Library is twelve hundred and seventy7. This rare collection has been donated by Ghulam Jillani and his family soon after the establishment of the college library8. Center Library University of Peshawar also contains some of the rare manuscripts on different subjects9. Maximum number of manuscripts among these has been donated by Ghulam Samdani. The total number of this collection is seven hundred and twelve. Pashto Academy library is another place of manuscripts collection on the campus having more than nine hundred manuscript collection mostly donated by Ghulam Samdani.
Conceptual Metaphors for Life in Pashto
Authors: Khan Imran , Ahmad Shuja
Published: June 2022

This paper, using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as theoretical framework attempts to identify, analyze and interpret Metaphors for life in Pashto language. It argues that since life is a very rich conceptual domain, therefore it has more than one conceptual mapping. It identifies eight conceptual metaphors for Life in Pashto speech community, and demonstrates through mapping and entailment that how the target domain life is understood through several source domains in the Pashto language and culture. The identified metaphors for life are: Life is a Food, Life is a Journey, Life is a Person, Life is a Container, Life is Music, Life is a Burdon, Life is a Gamble and Life is a Trial.
A Critical Analysis of the Security Situation in Afghanistan
Authors: Masood Ur Rehman Khattak  , Summar Iqbal Babar
Published: June 2022

Afghanistan is facing multipronged challenges mainly by the surge in Afghan Taliban insurgency, the emergence of Islamic State-Khurassan Province, fragile Afghan security forces, upsurge in Afghan Drug Trade and discord among Pakistan, Afghanistan and India. All these factors are responsible for the mayhem and turmoil in Afghanistan and would have far reaching implications for Pakistan and Central Asia. It is imperative for the regional and global powers to support reconciliation and negotiation process with Afghan Taliban and other reconcilable groups to settle this issue amicably and open the gates for cooperation and development in the region.  India and Pakistan must end their proxy war, resolve their outstanding issues, and collectively work for the stability of Afghanistan. Moreover, Pakistan and Afghanistan must overcome their differences, settle the border dispute, secure the border and collectively work for the regional connectivity and collaboration. The United States of America, China, Russia and European Union must support Afghanistan in rebuilding and reconstruction.  Politically and economically stable Afghanistan would connect the land locked Central Asian states with rest of the world and pave the way for better connectivity and economic development.
Development of Libraries and Library Science Education in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan:
Authors: Saeed Ullah Jan  , Parveen Khan
Published: June 2022

The history of Library and Information Science in Pakistan is traced back to the arrival of W. A. Broaden and Asa Don Dickinson to Sub-continent in 1911 and 1916 respectively. This piece of document tends to explore the history of library and library science education, library activities and role of professional associations in promotion of library culture in North-West part of Pakistan. This study is basically historical in nature. The paper is broadly divided into three parts that is library science education, library developments through ages and library associations and their role in the promotion of libraries in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa. Efforts were made to elaborate the growth of libraries in different eras over the passage of time. The role of Muslims and British in the promotion of library culture is also discussed. It is reflected that both nations have made no stone left un-turned for the establishment of libraries in this part of sub-continent. It is also evident from the pages of history that the introduction of Library and Information Science education was not that late here as compared to the rest of the world. University of Punjab is the third in the race of ranking after Germany and United States to offer this program. Various associations had also played their roles in this regard. They had worked hard for the promotion of library culture. The role of Pakistan Library Association (PLA) is observant and praise worthy in the said context. It is concluded that future of libraries and their education is bright in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as library schools, senior professionals and associations are playing their due role with zeal and favor.
Area Studies: Nature and Scope
Authors: Khan Shabir Ahmad
Published: June 2022

The paper briefly describes the nature and scope of the Area Studies. It highlights the relationship between Area Studies and other traditional disciplines of social sciences, humanities and arts. The “multidisciplinary lens” is essential for Area Studies because no single academic discipline is capable of capturing and conveying a full understanding of another nation, or society or culture’s Social Mechanisms. The Social Mechanisms comprising Structure and Super-structure can be political, legal, economic, educational, religious and anthropological etc., are study objects of various disciplines/sciences. These are interrelated systems and therefore are interdisciplinary. As these Social Mechanisms involve human beings/societies which in turn are objects of Area Studies and therefore Area Studies are multidisciplinary as well interdisciplinary. Various academic theories have been developed by human beings for the welfare of human beings. Area Studies own all academic theories because it provides the study object i.e. human beings/society, for the application of theories and therefore could not have its own specific theory or theories.

The paper also argues that the research approach and angle of study in Area Studies varies from country to country as per their national interests and bilateral relations. Area Studies need to build bridges between the disciplines of Area Studies and other departments or traditional disciplines in order to strengthen their disciplinary basis as well as interdependence. It is imperative because Area Studies are needed for disciplines as much as disciplines are needed for Area Studies.
Pakistan Counterinsurgency in Swat: A Literature Review
Authors: Afridi Shahid Ahmad , Gul Saima
Published: June 2022

Every conflict has its own peculiar and distinct characteristics that demands a defining response in the form of counterinsurgency. Before embarking on any such counterinsurgency campaign, it is of utmost significance to frame the parameters of the appropriate response. That arises the question as how much research has been carried out on the nature of insurgency and more importantly on the counterinsurgency. Such critical inquiries can lead the academicians and practitioners to explore as what was the pattern and nature of insurgency, i.e. secessionist, traditional or spiritual etc. More importantly, the relevant literature review must explain the contours of counterinsurgency operations. Besides, such research should bring forth the critical constraint and shortfalls of the counterinsurgency campaign vis-à-vis the civilian and military’s approach of handling the insurgency. In Pakistan’s Swat region, the insurgency posed an existential threat to the security of Pakistan. The post 9/11 era proliferated the wave of insurgencies in the region and Swat was not immune to the shock effects of the violent social change. Swat’s insurgency got its momentum in 2006 and unleased a spate of terrorism and guerilla fighting that shook the entire country. In 2009, a grand scale counterinsurgency operation was launched incorporating all components of state. The softer prong of the operations is continuing till to date in the form of de-radicalization and counter extremism. In this article, I will endeavor to determine the research being carried out on the counterinsurgency in Swat and more importantly, the research gaps will be identified which needs to be filled by the future researchers and studies.