bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with an untrusted source*
Authors: Li Jia-Ji , Wang Yang , Li Hong-Wei , Bao Wan-Su
Published: January 2020

Reference frame independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) allows two legitimate parties to share the common secret keys with the drift of reference frames. In order to reduce the actual requirements of RFI-QKD protocol on light source and make it more suitable for practical applications, this paper gives a specific description of RFI-QKD protocol with an untrusted source and analyzes the practical security of this protocol based on the two-way “plug and play” structure commonly used in practical systems. In addition, we also investigate the performance of RFI-QKD with an untrusted source considering statistical fluctuations based on Chernoff bound. Using simulations, we compare the secret key rate of RFI-QKD with an untrusted source to RFI-QKD with trusted source. The results show that the performance of RFI-QKD with an untrusted source is similar to that of RFI-QKD with trusted source, and the finite data size clearly effects the performance of our protocol.
Numerical and analytical investigations for the SOI LDMOS with alternated high-k dielectric and step doped silicon pillars*
Authors: Yao Jia-Fei , Guo Yu-Feng , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Yang Ke-Meng , Zhang Mao-Lin , Xia Tian
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a new silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral-double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (LDMOST) device with alternated high-k dielectric and step doped silicon pillars (HKSD device). Due to the modulation of step doping technology and high-k dielectric on the electric field and doped profile of each zone, the HKSD device shows a greater performance. The analytical models of the potential, electric field, optimal breakdown voltage, and optimal doped profile are derived. The analytical results and the simulated results are basically consistent, which confirms the proposed model suitable for the HKSD device. The potential and electric field modulation mechanism are investigated based on the simulation and analytical models. Furthermore, the influence of the parameters on the breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (R
on, sp) are obtained. The results indicate that the HKSD device has a higher BV and lower R
on, sp compared to the SD device and HK device.
Interface coupling effects of weakly nonlinear Rayleigh–Taylor instability with double interfaces*
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wang Lifeng , Wu Junfeng , Ye Wenhua
Published: January 2020

Taking the Rayleigh–Taylor instability with double interfaces as the research object, the interface coupling effects in the weakly nonlinear regime are studied numerically. The variation of Atwood numbers on the two interfaces and the variation of the thickness between them are taken into consideration. It is shown that, when the Atwood number on the lower interface is small, the amplitude of perturbation growth on the lower interface is positively related with the Atwood number on the upper interface. However, it is negatively related when the Atwood number on the lower interface is large. The above phenomenon is quantitatively studied using an analytical formula and the underlying physical mechanism is presented.
Dynamics of the plane and solitary waves in a Noguchi network: Effects of the nonlinear quadratic dispersion
Authors: Fonkoua S A T , Ngounou M S , Deffo G R , Pelap F B , Yamgoue S B , Fomethe A
Published: January 2020

We consider a modified Noguchi network and study the impact of the nonlinear quadratic dispersion on the dynamics of modulated waves. In the semi-discrete limit, we show that the dynamics of these waves are governed by a nonlinear cubic Schrödinger equation. From the graphical analysis of the coefficients of this equation, it appears that the nonlinear quadratic dispersion counterbalances the effects of the linear dispersion in the frequency domain. Moreover, we establish that this nonlinear quadratic dispersion provokes the disappearance of some regions of modulational instability in the dispersion curve compared to the results earlier obtained by Pelap et al. (Phys. Rev. E
91 022925 (2015)). We also find that the nonlinear quadratic dispersion limit considerably affects the nature, stability, and characteristics of the waves which propagate through the system. Furthermore, the results of the numerical simulations performed on the exact equations describing the network are found to be in good agreement with the analytical predictions.
Effect of overdrive voltage on PBTI trapping behavior in GaN MIS-HEMT with LPCVD SiNx gate dielectric*
Authors: Que Tao-Tao , Zhao Ya-Wen , Li Liu-An , He Liang , Qiu Qiu-Ling , Liu Zhen-Xing , Zhang Jin-Wei , Chen Jia , Wu Zhi-Sheng , Liu Yang
Published: January 2020

The effect of high overdrive voltage on the positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) trapping behavior is investigated for GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) with LPCVD-SiN
x
gate dielectric. A higher overdrive voltage is more effective to accelerate the electrons trapping process, resulting in a unique trapping behavior, i.e., a larger threshold voltage shift with a weaker time dependence and a weaker temperature dependence. Combining the degradation of electrical parameters with the frequency–conductance measurements, the unique trapping behavior is ascribed to the defect energy profile inside the gate dielectric changing with stress time, new interface/border traps with a broad distribution above the channel Fermi level are introduced by high overdrive voltage.
The implementation of blended learning in analog electronic learning
Authors: Dewantara D , Misbah M , Wati M
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the quality of the implementation of blended learning in analog electronics learning in terms of aspects of student effectiveness and response. This research is descriptive analysis research. The subjects of this study were 44 students of physics education FKIP Lambung Mangkurat University. The effectiveness of the implementation of blended learning is viewed from the results of student cognitive learning, using learning outcomes tests. While the response of students using questionnaires. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the effectiveness of the implementation of blended learning was categorized as medium with an N gain value of 0.58, and the student response to learning through blended learning was good. The conclusion is that the quality of the implementation of blended learning in analog electronics learning has medium effectiveness, and the student response is good.
Torrefaction of palm kernel shell using COMB method and its physicochemical properties
Authors: Karelius  , Dirgantara M , Rumbang N , Suastika K G , Akbar A R M
Published: January 2020

Torrefaction is a pre-treatment in thermochemical processes in order to make biomass becomes fuel with better properties, such as the increasing of carbon content and caloric value. Torrefaction is generally carried out at a temperature range of 200-300°C with holding temperature of 30-60 minutes in inert conditions and atmospheric pressure. On the other side, palm oil is one of biomass that is potential to be used as fuel in which its availability is abundant and has good physical properties. The purpose of this study is to increase the caloric value and thermochemical properties by torefaction process. Within this study of palm kernel shell, torrefaction is carried out from 0.5 cm sieve using the COMB (Counter Flow Multi-Buffle) method at temperature of 250°C with heat flow rate of 4 cm3/minute and characterized by its physicochemical properties. The obtained results are the energy yield of 0.77 with an energy density of 1.21 and the caloric value that increases from 16.82 to 19.11 MJ. This is also supported by the results of ultimate analysis where the carbon level increases then the O/C and H/C ratio decreases. Moreover, based on proximate analysis, volatiles matter level decreases by 9.34% and ash content increases by 0.64%. To sum up, palm kernel shells can be enhanced by their physicochemical characteristics through torrefaction.
How to develop PCK ability for prospective mathematics teachers? The case of lesson study-based field experience practice
Authors: Karim  , Danaryanti A
Published: January 2020

Prospective mathematics teacher students must have skills pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) adequate. They are expected to become professional teachers when entering the workforce. However, at this time, there are still stakeholders who doubt their PCK capabilities. For this reason, efforts are needed to prepare the PCK ability of prospective mathematics teachers well. The aim of this study is to develop PCK for prospective mathematics teacher students through lesson study-based Field Experience Practice (FEP). This research uses action research method that involves lectures, teachers, and students. The research subjects were seven prospective mathematics teacher students who were participating in fieldwork practice partner schools in Banjarmasin. The research is conducted based on lesson study in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of three stages of activity, namely planning (Plan), implementation (Do), and reflection (See). The data is collected through a study of learning plan, carry out, and reflection. The results of the research showed that during the planning and carrying out, there were developments in prospective mathematics teacher students’ PCK ability from cycle I to cycle II. Through the lesson study-based FEP, prospective mathematics teacher students can learn, gain knowledge, and build PCK knowledge from lecturers, teachers, and friends who participate in open lesson activities. The implication of this research is the need to revitalize the implementation of FEP for prospective mathematics teachers, namely by integrating lesson study in FEP activities.
Acquisition of projectile motion concepts on phenomenon based physics’ experiential learning
Authors: Yuliati L , Nisa’ F , Mufti N
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to explore the concept acquisition in phenomena based experiential learning on projectile motion. Through phenomenon based physics’ experiential learning, students analyze a phenomenon & link it with the existing concept so that it will be able to increase the acquisition of the concept. This research employed a mixed-method with an embedded experimental model. The data was obtained from test, interview, and observation on 26 tenth graders of Senior High Schools in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Data was analyzed by N-Gain score and d-effect size. The students’ concept acquisition was grouped based on a cognitive level and projectile motion concept. The results showed that the improvement of students’ concept acquisition after taught with phenomenon-based physics’ experiential learning. The average score of pretest and posttest is 29.96 and 77.69 with high N-gain and large d-effect size, 0.681 and 5.5 respectively. Concepts of velocity and acceleration on the projectile motion should be noticed using vector analyze in daily learning.
Developing an instrument for students scientific literacy
Authors: Atta H B , Vlorensius  , Aras Irianto , Ikhsanudin
Published: January 2020

Scientific literacy is the ability to read, write, and assist in acquiring competencies that are interrelated to learning science effectively. This research aimed to know the construction, characteristics of items, and quality of developed scientific literacy instrument and to measure the ability of scientific literacy of junior high school students in Tarakan city. This research uses the procedure of test development. The research samples for developing the instrument and measuring ability were 733 students obtained from six junior high schools, which determined by purposive sampling. The data were collected by administering the test and documentation. The data analysis use Winsteps and SPSS computer programs. The results demonstrate the instrument which meets scientific literacy was in the form of 40 items of multiple-choice questions and 6 items of essay questions. The content validity of the test instrument was 0.77, and the Cronbach reliability was 0.85. Both of these criteria were in the high category. The ability of scientific literacy of students in Tarakan city in the knowledge and process dimensions were relatively low. In this case, it should be considered that the development of scientific literacy skills needs to be optimized, especially at the samples.
Self-regulated learning: Intelligence quotient and mathematical disposition
Authors: AB J Sutrisno
Published: January 2020

Self-regulated learning is very important in efforts to improve mathematics learning outcomes. For that, the factors that influence it needs to get attention in learning mathematics. these factors include intelligence and mathematical disposition. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct effect of intelligence quotient and mathematical disposition towards self-regulated learning in state junior high school students in Bandar Lampung City. The research uses survey methods with path analysis techniques. Intelligence quotient (X1) and mathematical disposition (X2) as exogenous variables, self-regulated learning (X3) as an endogenous variable. The results show 1) there is a positive direct effect of intelligence quotient towards self-regulated learning; 2) there is a positive direct effect of mathematical disposition towards self-regulated learning.
The design and implementation of an instrument for converting angular velocity to linear velocity based on arduino atmega 2560
Authors: Sesa E , Feriyono A , Djamal M , Musa M D T , Ulum M S , Farhamsa D
Published: January 2020

The experiment tool of converting angular velocity into linear velocity has been built to support the physics education in the Physics Department of Tadulako University. In this project, the experimental tool has been designed, manufactured, and tested to convert the angular velocity value to linear velocity based on Arduino ATMega 2560. The stages of this research begin with the design and manufacture: mechanical system, optical sensor circuit, stepper motor circuit, the circuit of LCD and keypad controlled by Arduino ATMega 2560. The next step is the building controlling program as the brain of this instrument. This experimental tool has been tested and working properly. It operates for a rotation speed range of 1 rpm - 112 rpm. The value of converted linear velocity both theoretically and measured value is relatively the same.
Contribution of urban heat island on landscape composition and its impact to the land surface temperature (case study on Palembang City-Indonesia)
Authors: Gaol A L , Serhalawan Y R , Kristianto A
Published: January 2020

Palembang is the capital of South Sumatra Province with the development carried out through the diversion of land functions into built-up land causes an increase in surface temperature which triggers the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. This study aims to discuss the phenomenon of UHI in Palembang City and its relation to land composition and population density on surface temperatures obtained from the processing of multi-temporal Landsat Images in 1989, 2001, 2018, with the specification of clear sky using the LST algorithm and guided classification. The distribution of the UHI phenomenon is obtained by classifying LST to obtain the UHI threshold. The value of the determinant coefficient (R2) between the relationship of changes in surface temperature which is directly proportional to the increasing population, the increase in the area of each open land and built-up land reached 62.6%, 86.3%, and 55.0%. Conversely, there is a negative link between surface temperature and dense vegetation with R2 reach 90.4%. The affected area of UHI is located in the centre of Palembang, reaching 33.5 km2 of the total area. It is necessary to have ideal city mitigation and arrangement by calculating the green area with the increasing population in Palembang City.
Identification of the slip area of a landslide using resistivity geoelectric method
Authors: Sandra S , Th Musa M D , Ulum M S , Lestari C M , Syamsiah L
Published: January 2020

Research on the tracking of the slip area of a landslide using resistivity geoelectric method with Wenner configuration that aims to determine the subsurface structure which is alleged potential as the slip area has been done. Measurements took place in the Dusun II of Kalora Village, Subdistrict of Kinovaro, District of Sigi by taking three measurements trajectory. Based on the results of 2D modelling using software Res2Dinv for every trajectory obtained two layers, with the first layer of resistivity value ranges <500 Ωm identified as dry sand and the second layer resistivity values ranges> 500 Ωm that identified as a conglomerate rock. Based on the 2D cross-sectional area of research, which was thought as the field boundary slip was between 7-8 m depth on the path I with the West-East direction
Spatial analysis of the liquefaction vulnerability zone based on the phreatic level at the Palu groundwater basin, Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Zeffitni  , Basir-Cyio M , Napitupulu M , Worosuprojo S
Published: January 2020

An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 in Palu City and Donggala District in Central Sulawesi Province on September 28, 2018 has caused a liquefaction disaster. Basically liquefaction can occur in earthquake prone areas, shallow phreatic depth and poorly consolidated soil. This study attempts to examine the relationship between phreatic depth and the probability of liquefaction. The research method is an analog and numerical relation model, by combining the aquifer system model and groundwater geographic information system with landuse patterns in areas affected by liquefaction disasters. This method is described in Spatial and Environmental Analysis, which is supported by the use of satellite imagery and the analysis process with the Arc View Gis 3.3 program. The results showed that there was an influence between rainfall on the spatial distribution of phreatic depth, with the average rainfall in the Palu area being 68.74 mm / month and the depth of phreatic level ranged from medium (2.5 - 7.0 meters from ground level) - shallow (<2.5 meters from ground level). Based on the phreatic depth of the Palu groundwater basin, the chances for liquefaction are in the medium to high zone class.
Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from meti shells (batissa violecea l. Von Lamark 1818) by wet precipitation method
Authors: Ruslan  , Hardi J , Khairuddin  , Deflinda  , Riskawati
Published: January 2020

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 has been synthesized from Meti shells (Batissa violecea L. Von Lamark 1818) by using wet precipitation method. The purposes of hydroxyapatite synthesis from Meti shells are to determine the effect of sintering temperature and acidity (pH) on yield and IR spectrum. The sintering temperatures used for synthesis were 800, 900, 1000, and 1100°C, while the pH of the synthesis included 8, 9, 10, and 11. The hydroxyapatite compound was characterized by using XRD and SEM. The result showed that the sintering temperature of 1100°C and pH 9 resulted in the best hydroxyapatite with a yield of 60.10%. The IR spectrum showed that utilizing of 1100°C and pH 9 was the result of the low impurity absorption of CO3
2- group at the wavelength of 1641.42 cm-1 and 1415.5 cm-1. The diffractogram of hydroxyapatite showed a high intensity at 2ϴ angle of 31.74°, 39.74°, and 46.64°. Morphological analysis of hydroxyapatite showed that particles were agglomerated with a particle diameter of 0.77 μm.
The impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the aquatic environment in the Upper Tondano watershed, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Wantasen S , Luntungan J N , Tarore A E , Ogie T B.
Published: January 2020

Nitrogen fertilization is needed as a source of nitrogen in the growing plants. Nitrogen in the environment will undergo a transformation in the form of compounds such as nitrate (NO3
−) and nitrite (NO2
−). The transformation from nitrogen to nitrate, nitrite, will have a negative impact on the aquatic environment namely the formation of toxic conditions. The main purpose of this research was to study the residual nitrogen fertilizer in the outlet of paddy irrigation upper Tondano Watershed and to evaluate the residual nitrogen fertilizer in the outlet of paddy irrigation upper Tondano Watershed 5-years period (2015-2019). Water quality sampling was carried out using a composite sampling method at two sample locations in River Panasen, in situ measurement of water temperature parameters, and pH. Analysis of the parameters of nitrate and nitrite was carried out in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the concentration nitrate of -0.9330-153 mg/l (according Government standard PP No. 82/2001 nitrate 10 mg/l), and nitrite of 0.001 mg/l-0.52 mg/l exceed PP No. 82/2001 quality standard (0.006 mg/l).
Utilization of red fruit’s peel (freycinetia arborea gaudich) as biochar for lead (Pb) adsorption
Authors: Napitupulu M , Walanda D K , Simatupang M
Published: January 2020

Red fruit is a plant-like flower pandanus, which can be used as an ingredient in traditional medicine by the people of Papua. Red fruit also can be found in the mountains Petiro Rano surrounds Siuri Lake (a tourism object) in Poso-Indonesia. Peel of red fruit consist of cellulose and lignin so it can be utilized as biochar and used as the adsorbent of heavy metal such as Lead. The use of biochar as adsorbent can reduce pollution and improve soil pH and river containing heavy metals. This study utilized red fruit peel as biochar to adsorb Lead ions in water. The method used in this study was laboratory experiments and the analysis was using a Spectro Direct spectrophotometer. The finding showed that the biochar’s water content was 2.3%, ash content was 8.2% and biomass content was 89.5%, these results showed that the characteristic of biochar of red fruit peel was very good to use as adsorbent. The optimum weight of biochar that adsorbs Lead ions was 40 mg with the percentage of adsorption was 99,04%. While the optimum contact time of adsorption of Lead ion by biochar was 60 minutes with 98.98% percentage of absorption.
Thermostable amylase activity produced by thermophilic bacteria isolated from Pulu Hotspring, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Satrimafitrah P , Razak A R , Hardi J , Puspitasari D J , Yelenggete I , Rafik
Published: January 2020

Amylases are important enzymes used in a wide range of industries, such as foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. They are classified based on their mechanism of actions in hydrolyzing starch. Amylases can be isolated from soils, plants, fungi, and bacteria, including thermophilic bacteria. The present study was focused on the determination of best temperature and pH of thermophilic amylase produced by thermophilic bacteria, isolated from Pulu Hotspring. As much as 30 isolates showed amylolytic activity in medium enriched with 1% starch. Of 3 isolates with the highest amylolytic index, PL 16 isolates with amylolytic index of 4.04 mm were studied further to find out its activity in amylose degradation. Enzyme activity was measured with the DNS method using maltose as standard. Temperature and pH measurement were varied in the range of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100°C and 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, respectively. Optimum amylase activity was at a temperature of 90°C and pH 8. These results suggested that thermostable crude amylase from Pulu hotspring has a potential future for industrial application.
Learning from the 2018 heatwave in the context of climate change: are high-temperature extremes important for adaptation in Scotland?
Authors: Undorf S , Allen K , Hagg J , Li S , Lott F C , Metzger M J , Sparrow S N , Tett S F B
Published: January 2020

To understand whether high temperatures and temperature extremes are important for climate change adaptation in Scotland, we place the 2018 heatwave in the context of past, present, and future climate, and provide a rapid but comprehensive impact analysis. The observed hottest day (d), 5 d, and 30 d period of 2018 and the 5 d period with the warmest nights had return periods of 5–15 years for 1950–2018. The warmest night and the maximum 30 d average nighttime temperature were more unusual with return periods of >30 years. Anthropogenic climate change since 1850 has made all these high-temperature extremes more likely. Higher risk ratios are found for experiments from the CMIP6-generation global climate model HadGEM3-GA6 compared to those from the very-large ensemble system weather@home. Between them, the best estimates of the risk ratios for daytime extremes range between 1.2–2.4, 1.2–2.3, and 1.4–4.0 for the 1, 5, and 30 d averages. For the corresponding nighttime extremes, the values are higher and the ranges wider (1.5- >50, 1.5–5.5, and 1.6- >50). The short-period nighttime extremes were more likely in 2018 than in 2017, suggesting a contribution from year-to-year climate variability to the risk enhancement of extreme temperatures due to anthropogenic effects. Climate projections suggest further substantial increases in the likelihood of 2018 temperatures between now and 2050, and that towards the end of the century every summer might be as hot as 2018. Major negative impacts occurred, especially on rural sectors, while transport and water infrastructure alleviated most impacts by implementing costly special measures. Overall, Scotland could cope with the impacts of the 2018 heatwave. However, given the likelihood increase of high-temperature extremes, uncertainty about consequences of even higher temperatures and/or repeated heatwaves, and substantial costs of preventing negative impacts, we conclude that despite its cool climate, high-temperature extremes are important to consider for climate change adaptation in Scotland.
Effect of Pisum sativum L. seed treatment with the complex of microbiological preparation on the plants’ growth and development under direct sowing
Authors: Pashtetskiy V S , Turin E N , Izotov A M , Abdurashytov S F , Gongalo A A , Zhenchenko K G
Published: January 2020

The goal of the research is to study the effect of Pisum sativum L. seeds treatment before sowing with a complex of microbiological preparation, in comparison with a chemical treatment, on the parameters of plants growth, product quality, and yield, against the background of the system of agriculture without soil tillage. The research was conducted in 2016-2018 in the zone of Central Steppe of Crimea. Trial establishment and researches were carried out in accordance with the generally common methods of field experiments in land husbandry and plant growing. In 2016, the symbiosis of Pisum sativum L plants and the microbial community had a significant impact on the number of beans per plant: the control was 7.6 pieces on 1 plant, and under the influence of complex microbial preparation is 8.6 units per 1 plant (LSD05 – 0,92). The weight of grain from 1 plant was significantly higher by 0.5 g on the variant with inoculation. In 2017 on plant height there is a slight increase in growth when treated with the preparation by 4.4 cm (LSD05 – 5,03). The same thing happens with the number of beans of 8.2 and 8.6 units on the same plant that shows at LSD05 – 1.59, the accuracy increase of this parameter at 0.4 units per plant in the variant with inoculation. Severe weather conditions during the vegetation of Pisum sativum L. in 2018 contributed to the fact that the microbial preparation studied by us practically did not affect the studied indicators of growth and productivity.
Biological peculiarities of cherry growth and fructification on seedling and clonal rootstocks
Authors: Nozdracheva R G , Nepushkina E V
Published: January 2020

Cherry is a stone fruit crop which is valued for early raping, yield capacity, fruit eating qualities. The drawback is growth of trees, absence of short rootstocks for cultivating in Central chernozemic region. The Faculty of Agricultural Science conducts research on the selection of compatible cultivars and rootstocks with high winterhardiness of the above-ground part and roots for their introduction into commercial orchards in the Voronezh region. Biometrical attributes of cultivar growth and development, crown parameters, weak-, medium, active plantings of the cherry on seedling and clonal rootstocks have been determined by the study. The effects of cultivar-rootstock combinations on the cherry yield have been determined. The content of sugar, organic acids, dry basis, and vitamin C have been determined. The cultivars for introduction and study have been suggested for intensive commercial orchids of the Voronezh region.
Assessment of ecological properties of winter wheat seeds
Authors: Pushkareva V I , Goleva G G , Vashchenko T G , Fedulova T P , Golev A D , Ivannikov V A
Published: January 2020

Seed quality is one of the essential prerequisite for high yield formation. Ecological heterogeneity of seeds remains one of the unsolved challenges of seed production as yet. The existence of close relation between seed quality and the conditions of their growing indicates the relevance of the assessment of the ecological nature of seed heterogeneity and becomes the target of the authors’ study. Laboratory and field methods were widely used. The authors investigated different fractions of winter wheat seeds of the Alaya Zarya variety. The seeds were calibrated by width, by the specific weight, and by thickness. The studies have shown that seeds of different fractions differ in their ecological properties. Large seeds calibrated by width, seeds of low specific weight and seeds of shallow thickness were characterized by high responsiveness to vegetation conditions. The seeds of these fractions are recommended to be used in intensive cultivation technologies. The seeds of large fraction calibrated by thickness were characterized by high homeostatic properties and are recommended to be used in organic farming.
Subclinical mastitis treatment for non-milking cows
Authors: Pavlenko O B , Suleymanov S M , Parshin P A , Mirona L P , Aliyev A Yu
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the clinical research of cows during the interlactation period, through reviewing their medical histories and the clinical examination of the animals and their milk glands, trial milking and organoleptic evaluation of the secretion. The secretion was evaluated according to its color, texture, smell and the presence of foreign substances. The best therapeutic dosage of Vetom-3, a medicine based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, was determined through the examination of 30 non-milking cows suffering from subclinical mastitis. The probiotic and difumast were injected into the milk glands of the cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis two weeks prior to the expected calving and in accordance with the examination results received on the 4th day of lactation. After the treatment, the milk was fed to the calves. The evaluation of the change rates of the microflora composition was carried out using calf feces samples. The bacteriological tests of the microflora were carried out using the standard procedures for determining the morphological properties of germ cultures. We ascertained that the use of Vetom-3, a medicine based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNCIM V-10642 (DSM 24614), for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in non-milking cows allows to increase the efficiency of the treatment, as well as receive the milk of high sanitary quality, increase the survival rate of the newborn calves, and prevent dysbacteriosis and dyspepsy incidence in newborn calves.
Dairy products quality assurance at the consumer market in compliance with EEC requirements
Authors: Chudnova O A , Oleinik E A , Melnikov P A
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the problems of the Russian consumer market in the field of milk and dairy products, which are the reasons for reducing the average annual consumption of these products per person. The main types of falsification of milk and dairy products are analyzed. Recommendations to improve the efficiency of quality control and safety at dairy processing enterprises of the Russian Federation are presented.
Ecological and technological criteria for the efficient utilization of liquid manure
Authors: Byshov N V , Uspenskiy I A , Yukhin I A , Limarenko N V
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the prospects for the development of environmental management in the disposal of livestock waste, in particular liquid manure, as part of an industrial approach to it. The data on the concentration of nutrients in liquid manure depending on its moisture are presented. Based on the analysis of empirical data and the results of previous studies, an exponential dependence is derived that indicates the relationship between the initial moisture content of liquid manure and its final volume. Criteria of effective utilization of liquid manure are formulated taking into account environmental and technological specifics.
Molecular genetic study of Beta vulgaris L
Authors: Bogacheva N N , Sokolenko G G , Mozgovoi N V
Published: January 2020

The results of molecular genetic studies are considered as a basis for the accelerated breeding of sugar beet. By PCR analysis (SSR, IRAP, RAPD), sugar beet parental lines were identified. Polymorphisms of DNA loci for each line were genotyped. The research was demonstrate a number of informative molecular ma (SSR) markers as the most informative to reveal heterogeneity of starting material and effective to forecast heterosis.
Technology of the food additives enriched with CO2-extractions of dry homonymous spices
Authors: Danyliv M M , Vasilenko O A , Ozherelyeva O N
Published: January 2020

The article considered the issues of technology development for the food additives enriched with CO2-extractions of dry homonymous spices. Using various instrumental methods the conditions for sorption of volatiles of CO2-extractions were studied on the preparations of animal proteins as applicable for meat and fish industries. For the construction of “visual prints” the following methods were used: profile analysis, cluster analysis, and the key component method. Based on the results of experimental studies, the recommended dosages of CO2-extractions were developed for animal proteins used in the meat and fish industry calculated per 1 kg, which averaged 25-35/65-75 ml/kg of protein.
Multi-criteria optimization of the arable land use
Authors: Ulez’ko A V , Demidov P V
Published: January 2020

The article concludes that it is necessary to optimize the use and reproduction of productive lands, taking into account the intensity of the natural and anthropogenic load on cultivated lands and the possibilities for their improvement. Improving the stability of cultivated lands is proposed to provide on the basis of a compromise between the economic and environmental orientation of agro-economic systems. The procedure of optimizing the use of productive land, taking into account the assessment of the stability of cultivated lands, is demonstrated. The solution of this problem consists in optimization of the arable land structure using multi-criteria optimization methods in the search for a compromise solution by minimizing the weighted amount of pull-backs from the extreme values of the criteria used (the sum of net or gross income, integral estimates of resistance to anthropogenic load, wind and water erosion).
Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Utilization in a Major Canadian City
Authors: Wang Qunfeng , Chen Fang , Jiang Depeng , Kabani Amin , Sokoro AbdulRazaq A H
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To review the utilization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in Winnipeg, a major Canadian city, and to compare PSA testing rates between Winnipeg and Calgary, another major Canadian city of comparable size.

Methods

PSA testing results were reviewed by year and age group. We focused our studies in years 2011 and 2016, for which census demographic data are available.

Results

In Winnipeg, the PSA testing rates (patients with one or two PSA tests divided by the male population) showed a declining trend over years from 2008 to 2017. For almost all age groups, PSA testing rates in 2016 decreased in comparison to those in 2011. For age older than 40 years, the relative percentage decreases were 14% to 20%.

In 2011, Winnipeg PSA testing rates were consistently higher than those in Calgary for all age groups. For age older than 40 years, the relative percentage differences were 36% to 50%.In addition, 41% and 40% of patients in Winnipeg who underwent PSA testing were younger than 50 years or older than 69 years in 2011 and 2016, respectively.

Conclusions

PSA testing utilization may be falling short of optimal rates. There is a need to reinforce the optimal use of clinical recommendations.
Sjögren Syndrome in Primary Salivary Gland Lymphoma
Authors: Travaglino Antonio , Giordano Claudia , Pace Mirella , Varricchio Silvia , Picardi Marco , Pane Fabrizio , Staibano Stefania , Mascolo Massimo
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is considered as a major etiologic factor for primary salivary gland lymphoma (SGL). However, the percentage of SGL that is caused by SS (and thus the real impact of SS on SGL epidemiology) is unclear. We aimed to assess the prevalence of SS in patients with SGL through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing the presence of SS in patients with SGL. Pooled prevalence of SS in SGL was calculated, with a subgroup analysis based on histotype (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] vs non-MALT).

Results

Sixteen studies with 665 SGLs were included. Pooled prevalence of SS in SGL was 18.2%, with high heterogeneity among studies. In MALT SGL, the prevalence of SS was 29.5%, with moderate heterogeneity. In non-MALT SGL, the prevalence of SS was 0%, with null heterogeneity.

Conclusions

SS seems to be responsible for a significant but minor portion of SGLs. SS appears involved in MALT-type SGL but not in other histotypes.
Retaining Hispanics: Lessons From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Perreira Krista M , Abreu Maria de Los Angeles , Zhao Beibo , Youngblood Marston E , Alvarado Cesar , Cobo Nora , Crespo-Figueroa Madeline , Garcia Melawhy L , Giachello Aida L , Pattany Maria S , Talavera Ana C , Talavera Gregory A
Published: January 2020

We aimed to examine the retention of Hispanics/Latinos participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a prospective cohort study of 16,415 adults in 4 US cities who were enrolled between 2008 and 2011. We summarized retention strategies and examined contact, response, and participation rates over 5 years of annual follow-up interviews. We then evaluated motivations for participation and satisfaction with retention efforts among participants who completed a second in-person interview approximately 6 years after their baseline interview. Finally, we conducted logistic regression analyses estimating associations of demographic, health, and interview characteristics at study visit 1 (baseline) with participation, high motivation, and high satisfaction at visit 2. Across 5 years, the HCHS/SOL maintained contact, response, and participation rates over 80%. The most difficult Hispanic/Latino populations to retain included young, single, US-born males with less than a high school education. At visit 2, we found high rates of motivation and satisfaction. HCHS/SOL participants primarily sought to help their community and learn more about their health. High rates of retention of Hispanics/Latinos can be facilitated through the employment of bilingual/bicultural staff and the development of culturally tailored retention materials.
Reliability and validity of the brief dimensional apathy scale
Authors: Radakovic Ratko , Gray Debbie , Dudley Kaitlin , Mioshi Eneida , Dick David , Melchiorre Giulia , Gordon Harry , Newton Judith , Colville Shuna , Pal Suvankar , Chandran Siddharthan , Abrahams Sharon
Published: January 2020

Objective

Apathy is composed of different demotivational subtypes measurable by the dimensional apathy scale (DAS) and can be quickly assessed using the brief DAS (b-DAS). The aim was to determine the reliability and validity of the b-DAS.

Methods

53 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and 53 of their informants were recruited. Informants completed the b-DAS, the original informant/carer-rated DAS and behavioral interview about the patients (i.e., presence of behaviors such as apathy/inertia, loss of sympathy/empathy). Patients completed measures of depression, anxiety, emotional lability, cognitive functioning, and functional disability measures.

Results

The b-DAS showed good internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability, significant positive correlation with the original DAS, and no significant correlations with depression, anxiety, emotional lability, cognitive functioning or functional disability measures. Semi-structured behavior interview showed patients with apathy/inertia had significantly higher b-DAS subscale scores and patients with loss of sympathy/empathy had significantly higher emotional apathy scores only.

Conclusions

The b-DAS is a fast, reliable, and valid instrument for screening apathy subtypes independent of physical disability.
MDEHT: a multivariate approach for detecting differential expression of microRNA isoform data in RNA-sequencing studies
Authors: Amanullah Md , Yu Mengqian , Sun Xiwei , Luo Aoran , Zhou Qing , Zhou Liyuan , Hou Ling , Wang Wei , Lu Weiguo , Liu Pengyuan , Lu Yan
Published: January 2020

Motivation

miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) are produced from the same arm as the archetype miRNA with a few nucleotides different at 5 and/or 3 termini. These well-conserved isomiRs are functionally important and have contributed to the evolution of miRNA genes. Accurate detection of differential expression of miRNAs can bring new insights into the cellular function of miRNA and a further improvement in miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic applications. However, very few methods take isomiR variations into account in the analysis of miRNA differential expression.

Results

To overcome this challenge, we developed a novel approach to take advantage of the multidimensional structure of isomiR data from the same miRNAs, termed as a multivariate differential expression by Hotelling’s T2 test (MDEHT). The utilization of the information hidden in isomiRs enables MDEHT to increase the power of identifying differentially expressed miRNAs that are not marginally detectable in univariate testing methods. We conducted rigorous and unbiased comparisons of MDEHT with seven commonly used tools in simulated and real datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our comprehensive evaluations demonstrated that the MDEHT method was robust among various datasets and outperformed other commonly used tools in terms of Type I error rate, true positive rate and reproducibility.

Availability and implementation

The source code for identifying and quantifying isomiRs and performing miRNA differential expression analysis is available at https://github.com/amanzju/MDEHT.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Risk Factors and Predictors of Mortality in Streptococcal Necrotizing Soft-tissue Infections: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Bruun Trond , Rath Eivind , Madsen Martin Bruun , Oppegaard Oddvar , Nekludov Michael , Arnell Per , Karlsson Ylva , Babbar Anshu , Bergey Francois , Itzek Andreas , Hyldegaard Ole , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Skrede Steinar ,   INFECT Study Group, Nedrebø Torbjørn , Skutlaberg Dag Harald , Hedetoft Morten , Hansen Marco B , Polzik Peter , Rosén Anders , Svensson Mattias , Bergsten Helena , Barrantes Bustinza Walter Israel , Martins dos Santos Vitor A P
Published: January 2020

Background

Necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI) are life-threatening conditions often caused by β-hemolytic streptococci, group A Streptococcus (GAS) in particular. Optimal treatment is contentious. The INFECT cohort includes the largest set of prospectively enrolled streptococcal NSTI cases to date.

Methods

From the INFECT cohort of 409 adults admitted with NSTI to 5 clinical centers in Scandinavia, patients culture-positive for GAS or Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) were selected. Risk factors were identified by comparison with a cohort of nonnecrotizing streptococcal cellulitis. The impact of baseline factors and treatment on 90-day mortality was explored using Lasso regression. Whole-genome sequencing of bacterial isolates was used for emm typing and virulence gene profiling.

Results

The 126 GAS NSTI cases and 27 cases caused by SD constituted 31% and 7% of the whole NSTI cohort, respectively. When comparing to nonnecrotizing streptococcal cellulitis, streptococcal NSTI was associated to blunt trauma, absence of preexisting skin lesions, and a lower body mass index. Septic shock was significantly more frequent in GAS (65%) compared to SD (41%) and polymicrobial, nonstreptococcal NSTI (46%). Age, male sex, septic shock, and no administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were among factors associated with 90-day mortality. Predominant emm types were emm1, emm3, and emm28 in GAS and stG62647 in SD.

Conclusions

Streptococcal NSTI was associated with several risk factors, including blunt trauma. Septic shock was more frequent in NSTI caused by GAS than in cases due to SD. Factors associated with mortality in GAS NSTI included age, septic shock, and no administration of IVIG.
Structural and ultrastructural renal lesions in rats fed high-fat and high-phosphorus diets
Authors: Esquinas Paula , Rios Rafael , Raya Ana I , Pineda Carmen , Rodriguez Mariano , Aguilera-Tejero Escolastico , Lopez Ignacio
Published: January 2020

Background

Foods prone to deteriorate renal function are rich in fat and in phosphorus (P), but the interaction between these two factors is not well studied.

Method

Detailed structural and ultrastructural histopathological studies were performed on the kidneys of rats fed different amounts of fat and P: low (4%) fat (LF) and normal (0.6%) P (NP), LF and high (1.2%) P (HP), high (35%) fat (HF) and NP, HF and HP, and HF with low (0.2%) P (LP) for 28 weeks.

Results

Glomeruli of the HF groups showed segmental areas of retraction, sclerosis and thickening of the Bowman’s capsule and basal membranes, which were more accentuated in the HF–HP group. Ultrastructural lesions in the glomeruli also were prominent in rats fed HF, particularly in the HF–HP group, and included thickening of the capillary membrane, endothelial damage, mesangial matrix hypercellularity and podocyte effacement. P restriction reduced the severity of endothelial damage, mesangial matrix hypercellularity, thickening of capillary basement membrane and podocyte effacement. The kidneys of rats fed HP showed significant tubular atrophy and dilatation, focal tubular hyperplasia, thickening of the tubular basal membrane, interstitial edema, inflammation and calcification. All groups fed HF also showed tubular lesions that were more prominent in the HF–HP group. P restriction had a beneficial effect on inflammation and calcification.

Conclusions

Intake of both HF and HP damages the kidneys and their noxious effects are additive. HF intake was preferentially associated with glomerular lesions, while lesions related to HP intake were located mainly in the tubuli and in the interstitium.
Janus Kinase inhibitors in the New Treatment Paradigms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Siegmund Britta
Published: January 2020

This review provides guidance in the decision-making process regarding when to choose a janus kinase [JAK] inhibitor as medical treatment strategy. The focus will be on ulcerative colitis, because the only yet available JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, has approval for use in ulcerative colitis. The guidance path will include consideration of disease activity, previous treatment, comorbidities, family planning, patient preferences, pharmacology as well as concurrent chronic inflammatory diseases or extraintestinal manifestations. The suggested guidance path illustrates our daily difficulties in the decision-making process regarding best choice for the individual patient. However if predictive biomarkers are lacking, the named criteria can be applied to any other strategy and hence provide support in daily practice.