bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevención: ¿una propuesta “ex ante” al delito?
Authors: Carrión M. Fernando
Published: October 2015

La prevención ha estado presente desde hace mucho tiempo en el debate de la violencia; primero, como parte de la pena, por considerarla disuasiva, y posteriormente, como una propuesta externa y anterior a la pena (Selmini). Y es esta última versión la que viene desde el exterior a la región y de manera reciente. Es una fuerte oleada que nos llega sin un análisis o evaluación y lo hace para mimetizarse en el ámbito de las políticas públicas.
La prevención : estrategias, modelos y definiciones en el contexto europeo
Authors: Selmini Rossella
Published: October 2015

En este artículo se recorre el discurso sobre la prevención puesto en marcha en el contexto europeo en los ultimos decenios del siglo pasado...
Cultura, delito y conflicto : antídotos artísticos para la violencia en Río de Janeiro
Authors: Durston Anne
Published: October 2015

Este artículo demuestra cómo las iniciativas culturales pueden efectivamente reducir la violencia en el contexto del delito y del conflicto armado, usando como ejemplo el caso del Grupo Cultural Afro Reggae en las favelas de Río de Janeiro. La violencia de Río ha sido denominada como un conflicto armado debido a su magnitud y a los motivos que la originan, principalmente la marginalización y el abandono de la población de las favelas. Como otros programas basados en el arte, Afro Reggae previene el delito mediante trasformaciones individuales, ofreciendo empleo y una fuerte identidad a jóvenes en riesgo, contribuyendo a la resolución de conflictos a través de la transformación del contexto, dando voz a la población oprimida y creando espacios neutrales para encuentros entre partes en conflicto.
Entrevista a Massimo Pavarini
Authors: Sozzo Máximo
Published: October 2015

Entrevista realizada por Máximo Sozzo, Profesor investigador de la Universidad del Litoral de Argentina, diciembre 2008
Apuntes sobre la historiografía del delito y el castigo en América Latina
Authors: Candioti Magdalena
Published: October 2015

En los últimos veinte años, las fuentes judiciales se han transformado en un recurso clave para la historia latinoamericana. El trabajo reconstruye, desde una perspectiva historiográfica, los diversos caminos por los que se consolidaron los estudios sobre el delito, el castigo y los actores que se involucran en América Latina, dando cuenta de los diversos modos de abordaje, las inquietudes teóricas y las fuentes que caracterizan el área. A su vez, se reflexiona sobre la centralidad de tales estudios para comprender el carácter histórico y contingente de los fenómenos de criminalización y de las estrategias para mantener el orden social.
Seguridad y Policía de la ciudad : Quito en el siglo XIX e inicios del XX
Authors: Kingman Garcés Eduardo
Published: October 2015

El estudio está orientado a reflexionar sobre los orígenes de la seguridad social en el Ecuador y de manera más específica sobre el nacimiento de la Policía, en términos de lo que Ranciere llama “baja Policía”. Si bien se toma como punto de partida el funcionamiento de mecanismos de control de la población en la Colonia el temprano siglo XIX, como dispositivos directamente relacionados con la vida cotidiana de la gente, el análisis se centra en las transformaciones de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX en el contexto de la modernidad católica y el liberalismo. Se trata del tránsito a la organización de la Policía como aparato diferenciado y especializado dentro del Estado moderno.
El sicariato : una realidad ausente
Authors: Carrión M. Fernando
Published: October 2015

El presente artículo analiza el desarrollo del sicariato en Ecuador como un fenómeno que no proviene únicamente de la expansión del narcotráfico en Colombia; sino que se propone discutirlo desde el punto de vista económico, evidenciando la mercantilización de la muerte. La inexistencia en el código penal, la imposibilidad de conocer con certeza las circunstancias que lo rodean, la ausencia de registro, un alto nivel de impunidad, e incluso, la espectacularización mediática dificultan la toma de decisiones en cuanto a políticas públicas. Metodológicamente, se presenta una primera aproximación exploratoria recurriendo a tres diarios de circulación nacional; evidenciando algunas características propias del sicariato, así como los impactos que produce tanto en la sociedad como en las instituciones del Estado. Finalmente, se propone resaltar la importancia de profundizar en esta problemática.
Gobernar la ciudad a través de la seguridad ciudadana
Authors: Pérez Laura
Published: October 2015

La seguridad ciudadana en América Latina se representa a través del número de actores que, desde la multicausalidad de la problemática, se responsabilizan de manera directa o indirecta del planteamiento y ejecución de soluciones. Tradicionalmente, la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos han establecido políticas nacionales para el tratamiento de la temática seguridad, llevándola al nivel de seguridad nacional y ofreciendo la ejecución de políticas centralizadas por actores como la policía, el ejército o el sistema penitenciario, históricamente responsables de mantener el orden público y punir el desorden.
Policía y autonomía : gobierno local y seguridad en Buenos Aires
Authors: Ríos Alina Lis
Published: October 2015

En este trabajo se analiza la Guardia Urbana de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (GU) como técnica para el gobierno local de la seguridad en relación con la racionalidad política con la que articula. En primer lugar, se refiere a la creación de la GU, en su vinculación con la disputa más general sobre la definición del ejercicio del poder de Policía en la ciudad y con las reivindicaciones de la autonomía del gobierno local. En relación con ello, se define la emergencia de la GU como constitutiva de un modelo de policiamiento que se presenta dual. Finalmente, y a modo de conclusión, se presentan algunas reflexiones acerca de las condiciones de posibilidad de la disolución de la GU, ligadas a la puesta en crisis de este modelo dual, la redefinición del problema de seguridad y las demandas de una “Policía propia”.
Policías militares brasileñas : policías o militares
Authors: Rezende Alessando
Published: October 2015

Este artículo relata la dicotomía en la actuación de las policías militares. En Brasil, por ser un país federativo, los gobiernos de las provincias tienen autonomía sobre el cuerpo policial provincial. Uno de principales problemas de las instituciones está relacionado con su forma de actuación: militar o policial. Esta dicotomía da paso a muchas críticas sobre su desempeño como institución responsable del mantenimiento del orden público presencial, debido a que evidencia una jerarquía muy fuerte que distancia la institución de la sociedad.
Prevención del delito en las ciudades de América Latina
Authors: Flórez Holguín Lorena
Published: October 2015

Las ciudades más grandes del mundo están creciendo muy rápidamente en tamaño y están cambiando de las regiones más desarrolladas a las regiones menos desarrolladas. Este ha incrementado no sólo la demanda en servicios sino altos niveles de inseguridad y la acción de los órganos administrativos que se debaten entre políticas de securitización, la construcción de una ciudadanía participe de su seguridad, y políticas y programas integrales.
GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DO ATERRO SANITÁRIO NO MUNICÍPIO DE LAGES -SC
Authors: Poli Vinícius , Oliveira Josiani Cordova de , Becegato Valter Antonio , Becegato Vitor Rodolfo
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o atual sistema de gestão dos resíduos sólidos no município de Lages -SC. Efetuaram-se visitas periódicas ao Aterro Sanitário Municipal, reuniões para propor medidas de melhorias
na coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos e palestras sobre a importância da coleta seletiva em escolas municipais
e estaduais. A gestão dos resíduos sólidos do município apresenta deficiências que acarretam em oneração
para a Prefeitura Municipal, ocorrendo diretamente por meio de serviços e mão de obra, ou indiretamente por
meio de danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde da população. Nesse contexto é de grande importância à existência
de uma coleta seletiva eficiente no município, juntamente com a educação ambiental em todas as faixas
etárias.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FITOGEOGRÁFICA DE GRUPOS BOTÂNICOS DA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL DA SERRA DO CIPÓ
Authors: Gonçalves Thamyres Sabrina
Published: October 2015

O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer uma revisão acerca da biologia e ocorrência geográfica dos grupos botânicos
que ocorrem na vegetação dos afloramentos calcáriosda Serra do Cipó localizada na porção sul da Cadeia do
Espinhaço Meridional no estado de Minas Gerais. Foram levantadas informações bibliográficas acerca da
distribuição espacial e aspectos biológicos de famílias, gêneros e espécies encontradas em um levantamento
florístico realizado na região. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que boa parte dos grupos taxonômicos
ocorrentes nas florestas tropicais secas são muito pouco pesquisados pela ciência ambiental brasileira.
Conclui-se que estudos de revisão acerca da biologia desses grupos e principalmente estudos que caracterizem
a distribuição geográfica dessas plantas são uma demanda para a pesquisa científica e em muito podem ajudar
na criação de planos de ação para conservação de espécies.
AS DINÂMICAS RURAIS NO CONTEXTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO:ESTUDO DE CASO DO ASSENTAMENTO CÍCERO ROMANA I - PARAÍBA
Authors: Pereira Thaís Mara Souza , Silva Janaína Barbosa da , Silva Filho Antônio Pereira Cardoso da
Published: October 2015

Os assentamentos rurais surgem como um espaço territorialmente definido por apresentar objetivos
vinculados a sujeitos socialmente excluídos do processo de produção capitalista. Logo, esta pesquisa teve
como objetivo realizar um estudo de caso acerca das condições inibidoras percebidas pela população do
assentamento Cícero Romana I localizado no município de Esperança- PB. Para tanto, realizou-se os seguintes
procedimentos qualitativos: a) Levantamento fotográfico; b) Observação participante; c) Entrevistas
individuais. Como recurso metodológico foi utilizada técnicas de Diagnóstico Rural Participativo- DRP. A
partir desta pesquisa foram identificadas diversas sugestões para melhorias no assentamento, como
saneamento básico e abastecimento de água encanada.Quanto ao problema identificou-se a insatisfação revela
a pretensão de abandonar o local no futuro.
LEVANTAMENTO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA MANUTENÇÃODOS PARQUES URBANOS EM CAMPO MOURÃO – PARANÁ
Authors: Reis Batista Marinalva dos
Published: October 2015

Os parques públicos urbanos são alvos de estudos naacademia principalmente a partir do século XX, umavez
que as discussões sobre temas como qualidade de vida, sustentabilidade, segregação e espaços públicos,entre
outros, tornaram-se a pauta das discussões principalmente na esfera das políticas públicas. Analisou-se o
Plano Diretor Municipal de Campo Mourão, a fim de verificar o planejamento e manutenção dos parques
urbanos mourãoenses, seguido de pesquisa in locunos parques municipais, para reliazar um levantamento da
infraestrutura e de sua localização na cidade. Utilizou-se ainda o registro fotografico nos parques. Constata-se
que há somente seis parques na área urbana, criadosentre 1983 a 2002, localizados em áreas periféricas, e 13
praças espalhadas pela cidade para uma população de87 mil habitantes. De modo geral os parques urbanos
em Campo Mourão-Pr requerem algum tipo de atenção ecuidado, que corresponde a municipalidade e, além
disso, os próprios usuários precisam se concientizar do bem estar que essas áreas florestadas dentro do tecido
urbano proprocionam para melhorar a qualidade do ar, da estética dos bairros, assim como, melhorar a
qualidade de vida de todos os mourãoenses. Um pontopositivo é que o Plano Diretor Municipal (2007) previa
várias interferências e revitalizações para esses parques urbanos desde retirada do lixo a recuperação de
nascentes. Contudo, até o término desta pesquisa qualquer medida havia sido tomada.
PLANO DE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE MAMANGUAPE - PB: PARADIGMAS DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL LOCAL
Authors: Barbosa Filho Waldner Gomes
Published: October 2015

Os resíduos sólidos protagonizam grande preocupaçãopara uma gestão local que busca resolver os crescentes
problemas ambientais. Compreendendo a importância deste tema, o presente artigo objetiva relatar o trabalho
de gestão ambiental do município de Mamanguape - PB, conhecendo suas características, o processo de coleta
e a disposição final dos resíduos sólidos do município. Para isso, foi realizada a participação voluntária no
comitê técnico, junto a gestão local durante todo processo. A partir dos dados coletados foi elaborado um
Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos PGRS, que busca contribuir com a qualidade de vida e melhores
condições ambientais para a população local.
TURISMO E AMBIENTES COSTEIROS NOS DOIS LADOS DO ATLÂNTICO: POTENCIALIDADES E IMPLICAÇÕE
Authors: Santos Miguel Cerqueira dos
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho resultou das pesquisas realizadas para o desenvolvimento da tese de doutoramento em
Geografia, na Universidade de Coimbra. O objetivo principal foi fazer uma análise comparativa sobre a
inserção do turismo em duas áreas costeiras, localizadas em pontos diferenciados do Oceano Atlântico, no
caso Jaguaripe, no Recôncavo Baiano, e Mira, na Região Centro de Portugal. Os principais resultados obtidos
estão relacionados com as diferenças e/ou similitudes encontradas nos dois territórios, resultantes tanto das
condições físicas e bióticas, quanto da dinâmica cultural.
DETERMINAÇÃO DA TEMPERATURA DA SUPERFÍCIE NA ÁREA DO PROJETO DE ASSENTAMENTO DIRIGIDO EM SANTA LUZIA, CRUZEIRO DO SUL, AC, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Ian Willian Rodrigues da , Delgado Rafael Coll , Souza Leonardo Paula de , Gois Givanildo de , Oliveira Júnior José Francisco de , Rodrigues Rafael de Ávila
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho avaliou o comportamento da floresta e demais classes espectrais do Projeto de Assentamento
Dirigido Santa Luzia, utilizando os recursos do Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto. O período
avaliado estende-se entre o ano de 2005 a2010, e procurouavaliar o comportamento da evolução espacial de
áreas como a floresta, pastagens e áreas utilizadas para agricultura, assim como demais benfeitorias realizadas
no perímetro do assentamento. Neste sentido, os objetivos gerais deste trabalho foram: caracterizar a
contração ou a expansão de classes de floresta, pastagens, regeneração da floresta e áreas alagadas, no PAD
Santa Luzia, AC. Os resultados encontrados mostraram um significativo aumento do índice de regeneração da
floresta e conversão de áreas de pastagens e cultivos em capoeira, considerando que esta tipologia florestal é
essencial para o processo de transição de áreas desflorestadas em sua reestruturaçãoà condição de floresta
novamente. São ainda apresentados dados que demonstraram a elevação dos valores referentes a corpos
d’água, embora as imagens tenham sido adquiridas em períodos de estiagem (período seco amazônico) na
região. Os dados obtidos pelo algoritmo de Mahalanobis, evidenciaram um significativo aumento destes
recursos na superfície estudada. Os dados apresentaram o comportamento de leve decréscimo para a floresta
durante o período avaliado.
Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la educación: tendencias investigativas
Authors: Rojas Bahamón Magda Julissa , Silva Silva Ana Milena , Correa Cruz Lucelly
Published: October 2015

incorporadas del todo en el ámbito educativo. Al respecto existen muchas experiencias investigativas que han sido desarrolladas en diferentes escenarios; por esta razón, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar un balance de los
aspectos más comunes encontrados en los antecedentes investigativos publicados en la red por diversos autores con relación a las tic en la educación.
La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, hermenéutica, de tipo documental y descriptiva, utilizándose como instrumento, la rejilla de análisis mediante una base de datos en Microsoft Access. Las principales conclusiones, asimismo, develan que no todas las instituciones educativas se encuentran preparas para afrontar la era digital, pero reconocen que las tic son una manera necesaria, aunque no absoluta de mejorar y ser más efectivos en el aprendizaje del estudiantado. En pocas palabras, las tic mejoran la forma de enseñar y, por ende, de aprender, sin olvidar los métodos tradicionales.
Palabras clave: educación, estudiante, profesor, tic.
Aprender haciendo – investigar reflexionando: caso de estudio paralelo en Colombia y Chile
Authors: Rodriguez Garcia Arturo B , Ramirez Lopez Leonardo Juan
Published: October 2015

El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre las posturas metodológicas del construccionismo que integran las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (tic), entre ellas la WebQuest, objetos digitales de aprendizaje,
plataformas e-Learning, entre otras, de gran auge actual, frente a nuevos objetivos y desafíos con visión futurista de la sociedad. Para abrir la reflexión sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se propone un caso de estudio que
permita evaluar cómo el metabolismo de la sala de clases ha cambiado, principalmente por el uso masivo de las tic que brinda al estudiante una metodología de información distribuida en diferentes y variadas fuentes de información, apartando la metodología centralizada que le prepara mediante el aprender haciendo e investigar reflexionando. En el ambiente universitario, la investigación forma parte del quehacer del estudiante convertido inicialmente en auxiliar de investigación y es ahí donde resulta necesario un análisis de los efectos que causan sus investigaciones en el medio sociocultural y productivo en el cual se desenvuelve.
El caso de estudio se desarrolla con los grupos de investigación en telemedicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada de Colombia (Tigum) y en Nuevas Tecnologías de la Universidad Santiago de Chile (gint), que durante 2012 y 2013 han realizado un estudio paralelo exploratorio aplicando la metodología “aprender haciendo-investigar reflexionando”, la cual permite evaluar los resultados de investigación y el desarrollo profesional de sus auxiliares
participantes. Así, se ha logrado que el 80% de los auxiliares continúen sus estudios de posgrado en maestrías o doctorados a nivel nacional o internacional.
Palabras clave: metodología, aprender, hacer, investigar, reflexionar.
Estrategias didácticas en el uso y aplicación de herramientas virtuales para el mejoramiento en la enseñanza del cálculo integral
Authors: Gutierrez Mendoza Lucia , Ariza Nieves Luz M. , Jaramillo Mujica Jorge A.
Published: October 2015

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar los resultados de la investigación cuyo propósito se estableció en el diseño e implementación de estrategias didácticas apoyadas con herramientas tecnológicas multimediales a fin de mejorar el aprendizaje del cálculo integral y sus aplicaciones. La población objeto de estudio se centró en los estudiantes de ingeniería de tercer semestre en la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (umng).
Como parte del desarrollo del proyecto de investigación se diseñaron encuestas para indagar sobre los factores que inciden en la pérdida de la asignatura. Llama la atención dentro de los resultados, la importancia de capacitar a los
docentes en cuanto a metodologías de enseñanza y el diseño de estrategias didácticas y, por otro lado, fortalecer los conceptos básicos requeridos para cursar la asignatura de cálculo integral. En cuanto al uso de las tecnologías de la
información y las comunicaciones (tic), se concluye que su incorporación en el quehacer pedagógico, posibilita el aprendizaje de temas del cálculo integral de gran complejidad para los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: cálculo integral, estrategia didáctica, enseñanza, herramientas virtuales.
La agroindustria: una visión desde la auditoría ambiental
Authors: Gama Diaz Luis E. , Guarnizo Cuellar Fabio , Mogollón Pita Gerardo
Published: October 2015

El concepto de auditoría ambiental (aa) sirve para medir y evaluar las consecuencias e impactos que tiene el desarrollo de una actividad empresarial, bien sea agrícola, industrial o de servicios, sobre el entorno; de la misma manera,identifica, prevé e interpreta los efectos que origina sobre los recursos naturales el desarrollo de dicha actividad.
Debido a que la agroindustria hace uso de recursos entregados por la agricultura, la actividad forestal y la pesca,transformándolos mediante el uso de métodos industriales, con base en procesos tecnológicos, que en muchas ocasiones llegan a impactar de manera negativa el entorno medioambiental, una aa se hace necesaria para medir y evaluar si las organizaciones cuentan con un adecuado sistema de gestión ambiental, de tal manera que cumpla con la normatividad sobre el medio ambiente; con el fin de buscar e implantar controles y correctivos adecuados, que mitiguen y eviten incurrir en pasivos ambientales.
El objetivo general fue crear un sistema de información para el modelo de aa aplicado a la agroindustria, y el tipo de investigación es documental por cuanto recopila, analiza y apropia información sobre la normatividad contable, de
auditoría y de ética, que se relaciona con el quehacer de un auditor ambiental; para esto, el Grupo creó una herramienta que le permite sistematizar cada una de las fases que debe abarcar una auditoría de este tipo; dicha herramienta,
además, almacena y procesa la información obtenida, emitiendo informes sobre hallazgos por el no cumplimiento de la norma.
Palabras clave: agroindustria, auditoría ambiental, impacto ambiental, medio ambiente.
Estudio comparativo de sistemas de gestión del aprendizaje: Moodle, ATutor, Claroline, Chamilo y Universidad de Boyacá
Authors: Ardila Muñoz Jimmy Yordany , Ruíz Cañadulce Edith Marcela , Castro Molano Ivonne Lilián
Published: October 2015

Este artículo es el resultado del trabajo de investigación "Estudio comparativo entre Plataformas Virtuales Gratuitas y la Plataforma Virtual Propietaria de la Universidad de Boyacá", cuyo objetivo consistía en identificar un sistema de gestión del aprendizaje que sustentara la oferta e-Learning y b-Learning de la Universidad de Boyacá. Para tal fin se formuló una estrategia de evaluación de plataformas a fin de poder cuantificar sus características y así realizar una comparación desde la dimensión del modelo pedagógico, la dimensión del usuario y la dimensión técnica.

En los hallazgos se encontró que Moodle, con las herramientas involucradas en el estudio, cumple en mayor medida con los factores de evaluación abordados. Finalmente, se pudo concluir que el proceso de selección de un sistema de gestión del aprendizaje, se debe hacer desde las necesidades institucionales, aunque a su vez debe tener en cuenta estándares de la formación en línea así como aspectos asociados a la calidad del software
Medición y análisis de los resultados de la prueba básica de matemática aplicada a estudiantes que ingresan a la Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia
Authors: Gómez Zúñiga Carlos Eduardo , Osorio Morales Ramón Antonio
Published: October 2015

Dentro del proyecto de investigación "Indicadores de calidad en los servicios académicos ofrecidos por el Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, basado en Control Estadístico de Procesos" se evaluaron, midieron y analizaron una serie de variables las cuales permitieron construir indicadores de calidad en los servicios académicos que ofrece dicho departamento en la Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia. Una de estas variables es la "Realización curso de Matemática Introductoria".

En este breve artículo se muestran algunos resultados generales de una prueba básica de matemáticas, aplicada a estudiantes que ingresaron a la Universidad, durante el primer semestre de 2014, la cual pretende evaluar el nivel de conocimientos matemáticos con los que llegan los estudiantes a iniciar su carrera profesional.

Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la mayoría de estudiantes no la aprobaron. Con base en el análisis de la información obtenida se construyeron indicadores que permitirán buscar estrategias de mejoramiento del nivel académico de los estudiantes.
The importance of terrestrial dispersal for connectivity among headwater salamander populations
Authors: Miller William L. , Snodgrass Joel W. , Gasparich Gail E.
Published: October 2015

Many organisms are primarily constrained to the channels of the upstream terminus of river networks with limited capacities for both in‐stream and overland dispersal. Dispersal is believed to contribute to gene flow and the demographic stability of headwater populations. While assumed, the importance of overland dispersal to gene flow is largely unexplored in headwater salamanders. Six microsatellite markers were used to assess patterns of genetic population structure for a headwater salamander, Desmognathus fuscus. Tissue samples were collected using a nested hierarchical study design, which specifically addressed the contribution of overland movements to the genetic connectivity of headwater populations. Genetic divergence was significant among all populations (Fst = 0.027–0.405) and at all hierarchical spatial scales. However, lower degrees of genetic population structure were observed among proximal streams that shared no downstream hydrologic connections. Mantel tests indicated a significant relationship between genetic divergence and overland distance, suggesting that D. fuscus populations conform to an isolation‐by‐distance model of gene flow. Estimated dispersal among headwater streams was limited, with an average of less than one effective migrant per generation moving between paired headwater streams. These results indicate that regional patterns of genetic population structure are influenced by overland dispersal and suggest the importance of terrestrial movements in maintaining population connectivity among D. fuscus populations.
Epidurals: Do They or Don’t They Increase Cesareans?
Authors: Goer Henci
Published: October 2015

The controversy over whether epidurals increase the risk of cesarean has raged since the 1970s. This article provides a history of of the early observational research designed to answer this question and an in-depth analysis of the most recent randomized control trials. Based on the research, the author concludes that we cannot assure women that epidurals do not increase the risk of cesarean.
The Roadmap to Breastfeeding Success: Teaching Child Development to Extend Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Tedder Jan
Published: October 2015

Although medical literature establishes the benefits of, recommendations for, and variables impacting breastfeeding duration, the belief that her baby is not satisfied causes many women to abandon breastfeeding. Infant behaviors commonly misinterpreted as breastfeeding problems include increased crying, hard to calm, difficult to wake up, “restless” sleeping, frequent awakenings at night, or seemingly inattentive to or uninterested in his or her mother.The Roadmap to Breastfeeding Successis an evidence-based, clinical project that integrates best practices in lactation support with child development theory. Using family-friendly concepts and language,The Roadmapto Breastfeeding Successgives childbirth, lactation, and early parenting professionals background information and innovative resources to help mothers meet their breastfeeding goals, thus promoting the health and well-being of mothers, babies, families, and communities.
Technology Evolution Brings a New Step in Efficiency, Unlocks New Opportunities for Drilling Extended Laterals in the Samburgskoye Field
Authors: Kretsul V. , Dymov S. , Dobrokhleb P. , Milenkiy A. , Tarasov O.
Published: October 2015

Drilling optimization and drilling time reduction is a challenging and crucial task for many operators and service providers.

This paper describes how multidiscipline team of drilling contractor and service provider have maximized drilling performance and significantly reduced drilling time in the Valanginian horizontal wells at the Samburgskoye field in the northern part of Western Siberia by adopting a new technology and employing engineered drilling system (EDS) approach.

Commercial hydrocarbon production in the Samburgskoye field started in April 2012 by putting two gas treatment trains into operation. A launch of the third train was rescheduled from 2015 to the 2014 to accelerate field production. Updated drilling plan required to drill long sidetrack horizontals on oilfield from small rigs with limited capabilities where use of a conventional rotary steerable technology was restrained. New generation of rotary steerable technology and drill bits that specially designed for the specific technology and application were used to achieve objectives for drilling campaign. Drilling fluid properties were optimized to fit the desired equivalent circulation density and for formation damage control.

The latest development of a motorized push-the-bit rotary steerable system (RSS) enabled the drilling contractor to achieve more than 1300 m of meterage drilled in a 50-hour period on a sidetrack well – longest horizontal sidetrack on the oilfield. Use of the custom-designed engineered drilling system based on the recently developed RSS increased efficiency and resulted in significant monetary savings by reducing well construction time by an average of 25 days. Results for daily meterage showed increase by 300% and mechanical speed by 400% comparing to average results achieved previously on oilfield with conventional bottom hole assemblies. Implementation of the EDS approach led to unique results enabling use of new technologies on variety of rigs where it was not possible to explore the benefits of RSS technology before and drill to planned total depth in harsh drilling environment with high levels of downhole torsional vibrations.

This paper will describe how multidisciplinary well design and construction team addressed challenges in drilling of Valaginian horizontal wells in the Samburg field, North of Western Siberia. Achieved results of new approach for complex technical projects will be presented and other distinctive features of recently developed RSS systems will be described.
Drillbit Optimization System: Real-Time Approach to Enhance Rate of Penetration and Bit Wear Monitoring
Authors: Valisevich Alexey , Ruzhnikov Alexey , Bebeshko Ivan , Moreno Ricardo , Zhentichka Maxim , Bits Smith
Published: October 2015

While performing extended-reach drilling (ERD) offshore in the northern Caspian Sea, an operator required a new methodology to increase operating efficiency and reduce cost. With all modern downhole tools in place, it was necessary to use a system that allowed managing drilling parameters that directly affect rock failure at the bottom of a wellbore as well as bit performance. As a solution, a real-time drillbit optimization system was utilized to enhance the rate of penetration (ROP), decrease the bit wear while drilling, and ensure maximum length of runs.

The main objective for implementing the drillbit optimization system was minimizing the human factor related to choosing operating parameters. The process started with offset well analysis, which helped identify weight on bit (WOB), revolutions per minute (RPM), flow rate, bit wear, and rock properties in relation to ROP. Based on performed analysis, the artificial neural network (ANN) was built for specific bits for every section of the well for the purpose of optimal WOB and RPM determination. Then, the recommended parameters were transmitted to the rig during execution, allowing the driller to make necessary changes on the fly to achieve optimized ROP. As a final step, based on post well analysis, the adjustment of the incoming parameters in the neural network was done for future improvement. The drillbit optimization system recommendations helped to increase ROP minimum by 6%.
Digital Information Systems Creation for Optimization of Complex Geotechnical Jobs Programs Formation Process for JSC Gazprom Neft Oilfields
Authors: Sitnikov Aleksandr , Pustovskikh Alexey , Asmandiyarov Rustam , Gilmanov Rustem , Sheremeev Aleksandr , Zulkarniev Rustem
Published: October 2015

JSC Gazprom Neft ("the Company") launched an IT project in 2014 aimed at the optimization of comprehensive Well Intervention (WI) programs. Once created, those digital systems will bring the process to a new level of quality delivering the following results: Regulatory and procedural documents for the selection of candidate wells for WI, i.e., – HFC, ST, HST with MSHFC, and CUH have been updated for best practices, e.g., potential well conditions and WI application criteria/risks have been identified, and algorithms developed, for the calculation of flow rate potential, and WI candidate rating system has been set up. WI Program Development Standard has been updated.A web-based digital "WI Selection" system has been developed which uses cross-field databases to promptly select WI candidates based on the developed process document and to obtain well rating for WI across fields.A web-based "WI Agreement" system has been developed, which uses updated standard processes as the basis to have the WI's calculated in "WI Selection" agreed among specialists in charge, and to maintain the databases of approved WI's. The contemporary evaluation of the potential regarding WI quantity and efficiency with a field-by-field breakdown allows one to optimize the development of WI programs and focus on the most successful candidates, and thus, ensure target performance against WI Program keeping the costs down, as well as to develop an additional WI Program if relevant reserves are available.
Methods of Research for the Development of Spontaneous Growth of Induced Fractures During Flooding in Low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Davletbaev A. , Asalkhuzina G. , Ivaschenko D. , Fedorov A. , Fursov G. , Nazargalin E. , Slabetsky A. , Sergeychev A. , Yamalov I. , Valeeva E.
Published: October 2015

Development of low-permeability reservoirs leads to intensive flooding at high pressure injection. The induced fracture length extends when the injection pressure exceeds the formation fracturing pressure. In a number of cases, the length of induced fracture can reach 1000 m and even more. This results in high water-cut in adjacent producers. Moreover, during sidetracking, repeated fracturing, drilling a new hydraulically fractured directional or horizontal well, etc., a high pressure in the producer and a high water-cut can arise. It can be due to the spontaneous fracturing from neighboring wells as well as from injectors of adjacent elements of field development system. Thus, the number of injectors, which could potentially lead to the high water-cut / the high pressure in the well, is quite large.

In order to find such injector, interference tests, dynamic data analysis (correlation of injection rate, production rate, and water-cut) should be carried out as well as data analysis during the steady-state injection tests in the adjacent injectors. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods, as well as the matrix of the step-by-step application of methods are discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the trajectory of spontaneous fracturing is simulated using the geomechanical simulator, which is implemented in the geomechanical module ("RN-KIN"). It can be useful for interference tests when it is necessary to identify the most likely candidate wells for the rating, and find the optimal set of priority active injectors. This helps one to reduce the number of wells in the research program that leads to the reduction of losses in the injection/production. Thus, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the cost and losses in the injection/production during the interference-tests.
Autonomous ICD Well Performance Completed With Intelligent Inflow Tracer Technology in the Yuri Korchagin Field in Russia
Authors: Semikin Dmitry , Senkov Alexander , Surmaev Albert , Prusakov Alexey , Leung Edmund
Published: October 2015

The first extended reach horizontal well installed with autonomous ICD (AICD) technology has been deployed by Lukoil in a heterogeneous thin oil rim reservoir with a large gas cap located in the North region of the Caspian sea. The Yuri Korchagin field development has been challenging for geosteering to remain in the thin net pay, for the completion engineers to get planned tallies to TD, for reservoir engineers to minimize risk of rapid increase in GOR after several days of production. To address the later challenge, passive ICD's (PICD) have been trialled with limited success to mitigate gas production from the overlying gas cap and therefore an AICD lower completion was specifically chosen to delay and mitigate gas coning. The gas sensitive completion component reacts to viscosity differences between fluids, essentially choking the more mobile gas autonomously by reducing the flow area due to higher gas production in the local vicinity of where gas breakthrough is occurring. AICDs have been run by other operators and the success criteria has seen a reduction in GOR relative to other wells installed with PICDs but knowing where the gas breakthrough is occurring and is being choked back could not be identified. Traditional permanent monitoring technology and production logs were considered too risky and costly. Distributed temperature sensing may have been ideal to identify gas breakthrough location but was considered prohibitive due to the need to rotate the completion string to reach TD. Running coil tubing conveyed PLTs periodically required medium term planning to schedule the intervention due to active drilling activity on the platform. Moreover, the need for tractors, often failed to reach the toe of the well where it is most critical to verify flow contributions in typically 7000 mMD extended reach wells. A relatively new monitoring technology was identified, that overcame the mentioned installation and intervention challenges by installing intelligent downhole chemical sensors in the drainage area of the sand screens during the manufacturing phase. The sensors can be placed in discrete locations from heel to toe to meeting the Lukoil monitoring objectives of providing flow profiles, identifying the location of gas breakthrough and if the AICD actually chokes gas over time. By obtaining surface samples, analyzing for unique chemical tracers and interpreting their corresponding tracer signals created by well transients and during steady state production. This paper will discuss the first well installation of its kind in Russia and in the world, to be equipped with integrated autonomous inflow control and monitoring technology with no cables to control flow, nor power to operate the devices.
Proactive Block-Factor Analysis of Oil Field Development
Authors: Sitnikov A. N. , Pustovskikh A. A. , Margarit A. S. , Akhmetov A. V. , Naugolnov M. V. , Kozhevnikov E. A. , Savelev O. Yu.
Published: October 2015

This paper concentrates on integrated approach to perform block-factor analysis of oil field development. Particularly a simple and effective method of monitoring of oil field development is proposed. This method permits not only to detect the reasons of production decline and find out problematic wells, but also to forecast the development parameters of oil field, its sections, blocks and cells (elements of waterflooding system).

The commonly used method of block-factor analysis is taken as a basis. This approach is strongly worked over, revised and automatized by the development of an integrated program module in VBA programming package. In this paper principles of dividing the oil field into blocks are substantiated, an approach to forecast the liquid production and reservoir pressure is developed, a method of evaluation of the recovery factor, recoverable reserves and oil production forecast using the adjusted displacement water-into-oil curve model is proved. The mathematic base of program module consists of physical processes of oil field development, particularly, models of material balance, filtration equations and PVT-correlations. The realization of this approach come down to sequential performance of following actions: adaptation of material balance model, including the adaptation of PVT-parameters and the definition of timeout value of production response to injection, adaptation of modificated El-Khatib model using real displacement characteristic, forecast and retro-forecast of main parameters of oil field development. The forecast of reservoir pressure permits to calculate the target injection (compensation) level to maintain the required reservoir condition. A block rating approach is developed in order to define the most problematic sections of oil field that require operations to improve the development system effectiveness.

A special attention is paid to factor analysis performance. Influence of well stock change, operating factor variation, variation of watercut, liquid rate, reservoir and bottom-hole pressure, well productivity (skin factor) are considered. Factor analysis combining with adjusted displacement curve provides an opportunity to divide oil rate loss by reasons of natural and forward watercut growth.

Using of improved approach for oil field development monitoring permits not only to reduce the labor inputs, that are essential for analysis, but to improve the quality of work, to connect the aspects of exploitation of different field areas with geological conditions. It also assists to organize justified and well-timed recommendations to perform workover program, waterflooding system control and to achieve project oil production levels overall.
Golf Shot Performance Characteristics Influenced by Ball Lie
Authors: Strunk William D. , Karcher Douglas E. , Young Joseph R. , Patton Aaron J. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: October 2015

Research has evaluated golf ball lie as means to compare various management techniques, determine the influence of nitrogen fertility, and separate turfgrass species and cultivars. However, little work has been performed to determine the impact of golf ball lie on playability, and therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of golf ball lie on golf shot characteristics such as carry distance, backspin, ball speed, smash factor, club speed, and accuracy. Two golfers differing in handicaps struck balls using a seven‐iron from various ball lies created by ranging mowing heights from 0.5 to 4.0 inches in Agrostis stolonifera L., Poa pratensis L., and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Ball lie was measured as the percentage of golf ball exposed within and above a turf canopy using digital image analysis, and golf shot characteristics were measured using a launch monitor. Mowing heights of the turf and ball lies were significantly correlated (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.863). Ball lie significantly affected carry distance (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.357) and ball speed (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.517), both exhibiting logarithmic relationships. Smash factor was linearly related to ball lie (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.518). Comparison of the regression coefficients for models specific to each golfer indicated that carry distance, backspin, ball speed, and smash factor were affected equally for both golfers. However, accuracy of golf shots was only significantly related to ball lie for the better golfer (P = 0.004, r2 = 0.158). Results from this study confirm conventional wisdom concerning the effects of golf ball lie on golf shot characteristics.
Comparative Study of Hulled (Einkorn, Emmer, and Spelt) and Naked Wheats (Durum and Bread Wheat): Agronomic Performance and Quality Traits
Authors: Longin C. F. H. , Ziegler J. , Schweiggert R. , Koehler P. , Carle R. , Würschum T.
Published: October 2015

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.), emmer (T. dicoccum L.), and spelt (T. spelta L.) are old‐world hulled wheat crops currently receiving renewed interest of consumers, bakers, millers, and farmers. Our objectives were to (i) compare einkorn, emmer, and spelt with bread (T. aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. durum L.) regarding their main agronomic and quality traits, (ii) elaborate the heritability and correlation among these traits across the wheat species, and (iii) draw conclusions about optimized farming and processing practices for einkorn, emmer, and spelt. For this purpose, field trials were conducted at four diverse German locations, where 15 recent varieties were grown for each wheat species. Mean grain yields of spelt, emmer, and einkorn were 37, 55, and 62% lower than that of bread wheat. Furthermore, einkorn, emmer, and spelt plants were 30 cm taller than bread and durum wheat. Consequently, to avoid lodging, farmers should aim at reducing the plant height of hulled wheats. Despite their high protein content, the protein quality of hulled wheat determined as sedimentation volume was low from a classical bread wheat point of view. However, adapting classical baking procedures enables the production of high quality breads from einkorn, emmer, and spelt in addition to the development of alternative products like breakfast cereals or excellent specialty breads.
Heritability and variance components of grain morphometric traits of bread wheat and durum wheat
Authors: Brankovic Gordana , Dodig Dejan , Knezevic Desimir , Djuric Nenad , Kandic Vesna
Published: October 2015

The aim of this work was to examine variability and broad-sense heritability
of grain morphometric traits of 30 selected genotypes of bread wheat and
durum wheat, in regard to their significant impact on yield and traits of
milling, baking and processing quality. Trials with selected wheat assortment
were set during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 years at the three locations: Rimski
Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed
that the genotype was the most significant source of variation of grain
length for bread and durum wheat with 91.1% and 46.3% of explained sum of
squares, while the environment was the most important source of variation of
grain width and grain thickness for bread wheat (44% and 41.2% of sum of
squares) and durum wheat (42% and 44% of sum of squares). Broad-sense
heritability was very high (> 90%) for grain length of bread and durum wheat,
grain width of durum wheat and grain thickness of durum wheat. Broad-sense
heritability was high for grain width and grain thickness of bread wheat,
with the values of 83% and 88.8%, respectively. Considering the high obtained
values of broad-sense heritability and dominance of the genetic component of
variance of grain length, grain width and grain thickness of bread and durum
wheat, the success of selection for increased values of these traits can be
predicted.
Health management practices and reproductive performance of ducks in Nigeria
Authors: Oguntunji Abel , Ayorinde Kolawole
Published: October 2015

At present, duck production is in its infancy stage in Nigeria. Ducks are
mostly reared extensively and concentrated in the hands of small-holder
farmers. A survey on health management practices and reproductive performance
of ducks was conducted in three south-west (Oyo, Osun and Lagos) and one
north central (Niger) states in Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through
structured questionnaires administered to 400(100 per state) duck farmers and
were analysed with descriptive statistics (percentage). Results on management
of health-related challenges showed that 51.5% of respondents were practicing
self-medication and majority in this category used ethno-veterinary
medicines. Other measures adopted were neglect (12.25%), consumption of sick
animals (10.50%), veterinary service (10.25%), among others. Reproductive
performance estimates showed that about half (52.50%) of the respondents
indicated 5?6 (24.75%) and 7?8 (27.50%) months as sexual maturity age of
female ducks while the highest proportion (41.25%) indicated 16?20 eggs as
clutch size. Hatchability rate was very high; 52% of duck farmers indicated
that hatching rate was above 80%. Adoption of improved management systems by
duck farmers will be of immense contribution to the health management and
reproductive performance of ducks in Nigeria.