bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux in an MHD Micropolar dusty nanofluid flow with zero mass flux condition
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Gul Hina , Baleanu Dumitru , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Malik M. Y.
Published: September 2021

This investigation aims to look at the thermal conductivity of dusty Micropolar nanoliquid with MHD and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux flow over an elongated sheet. The novelty of the envisioned mathematical model is augmented with the added impacts of the heat source/sink, chemical reaction with slip, convective heat, and zero mass flux boundary conditions. The salient feature of the existing problem is to discuss the whole scenario with liquid and dust phases. The graphical depiction is attained for arising pertinent parameters by using bvp4c a built-in MATLAB function. It is noticed that the thermal profile and velocity field increases for greater values of liquid particle interaction parameter in the case of the dust phase. An escalation in the thermal profile of both liquid and dust phases is noticed for the magnetic parameter. The rate of mass transfer amplifies for large estimates of the Schmidt number. The thickness of the boundary layer and the fluid velocity are decreased as the velocity slip parameter is augmented. In both dust and liquid phases, the thermal boundary layer thickness is lessened for growing estimates of thermal relaxation time. The attained results are verified when compared with a published result.
A state-space approach to understand responses of organisms, populations and communities to multiple environmental drivers
Authors: Giménez Luis , Chatterjee Adreeja , Torres Gabriela
Published: September 2021

Understanding the response of biotic systems to multiple environmental drivers is one of the major concerns in ecology. The most common approach in multiple driver research includes the classification of interactive responses into categories (antagonistic, synergistic). However, there are situations where the use of classification schemes limits our understanding or cannot be applied. Here, we introduce and explore an approach that allows us to better appreciate variability in responses to multiple drivers. We then apply it to a case, comparing effects of heatwaves on performance of a cold-adapted species and a warm-adapted competitor. The heatwaves had a negative effect on the native (but not on the exotic) species and the approach highlighted that the exotic species was less responsive to multivariate environmental variation than the native species. Overall, we show how the proposed approach can enhance our understanding of variation in responses due to different driver intensities, species, genotypes, ontogeny, life-phases or among spatial scales at any level of biological organization.
Multi-angle pulse shape detection of scattered light in flow cytometry for label-free cell cycle classification
Authors: Kage Daniel , Heinrich Kerstin , Volkmann Konrad v. , Kirsch Jenny , Feher Kristen , Giesecke-Thiel Claudia , Kaiser Toralf
Published: September 2021

Flow cytometers are robust and ubiquitous tools of biomedical research, as they enable high-throughput fluorescence-based multi-parametric analysis and sorting of single cells. However, analysis is often constrained by the availability of detection reagents or functional changes of cells caused by fluorescent staining. Here, we introduce MAPS-FC (multi-angle pulse shape flow cytometry), an approach that measures angle- and time-resolved scattered light for high-throughput cell characterization to circumvent the constraints of conventional flow cytometry. In order to derive cell-specific properties from the acquired pulse shapes, we developed a data analysis procedure based on wavelet transform and k-means clustering. We analyzed cell cycle stages of Jurkat and HEK293 cells by MAPS-FC and were able to assign cells to the G1, S, and G2/M phases without the need for fluorescent labeling. The results were validated by DNA staining and by sorting and re-analysis of isolated G1, S, and G2/M populations. Our results demonstrate that MAPS-FC can be used to determine cell properties that are otherwise only accessible by invasive labeling. This approach is technically compatible with conventional flow cytometers and paves the way for label-free cell sorting.
Deep-coverage spatiotemporal proteome of the picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri reveals differential effects of environmental and endogenous 24-hour rhythms
Authors: Kay Holly , Grünewald Ellen , Feord Helen K. , Gil Sergio , Peak-Chew Sew Y. , Stangherlin Alessandra , O’Neill John S. , van Ooijen Gerben
Published: September 2021

The cellular landscape changes dramatically over the course of a 24 h day. The proteome responds directly to daily environmental cycles and is additionally regulated by the circadian clock. To quantify the relative contribution of diurnal versus circadian regulation, we mapped proteome dynamics under light:dark cycles compared with constant light. Using Ostreococcus tauri, a prototypical eukaryotic cell, we achieved 85% coverage, which allowed an unprecedented insight into the identity of proteins that facilitate rhythmic cellular functions. The overlap between diurnally- and circadian-regulated proteins was modest and these proteins exhibited different phases of oscillation between the two conditions. Transcript oscillations were generally poorly predictive of protein oscillations, in which a far lower relative amplitude was observed. We observed coordination between the rhythmic regulation of organelle-encoded proteins with the nuclear-encoded proteins that are targeted to organelles. Rhythmic transmembrane proteins showed a different phase distribution compared with rhythmic soluble proteins, indicating the existence of a circadian regulatory process specific to the biogenesis and/or degradation of membrane proteins. Our observations argue that the cellular spatiotemporal proteome is shaped by a complex interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory factors through rhythmic regulation at the transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels.
Non-classical photonic spin texture of quantum structured light
Authors: Yang Li-Ping , Jacob Zubin
Published: September 2021

Classical structured light with controlled polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of electromagnetic waves has varied applications in optical trapping, bio-sensing, optical communications and quantum simulations. However, quantum noise and photon statistics of three-dimensional photonic angular momentum are relatively less explored. Here, we develop a quantum framework and put forth the concept of quantum structured light for space-time wavepackets at the single-photon level. Our work deals with three-dimensional angular momentum observables for twisted quantum pulses beyond scalar-field theory as well as the paraxial approximation. We show that the spin density generates modulated helical texture and exhibits distinct photon statistics for Fock-state vs. coherent-state twisted pulses. We introduce the quantum correlator of photon spin density to characterize nonlocal spin noise providing a rigorous parallel with electronic spin noise. Our work can lead to quantum spin-OAM physics in twisted single-photon pulses and opens explorations for phases of light with long-range spin order.
Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments
Authors: Volarić Jana , Szymanski Wiktor , Simeth Nadja A. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: September 2021

Molecular photoswitches are inherently lipophilic and do not spontaneously dissolve in water. We describe the effect of water on the photochemical properties and strategies to solubilize organic photoswitches and apply them in aqueous media.
Protective mechanism of dried blood spheroids: stabilization of labile analytes in whole blood, plasma, and serum
Authors: Frey Benjamin S. , Damon Deidre E. , Allen Danyelle M. , Baker Jill , Asamoah Samuel , Badu-Tawiah Abraham K.
Published: September 2021

Dried blood spheroid prepared on hydrophobic paper substrate enables the stabilization of red blood cells at room temperature.
Bubble nucleation in core–shell structured molten oxide-based membranes with combined diffusion-bubbling oxygen mass transfer: experiment and theory
Authors: Belousov Valery V. , Fedorov Sergey V.
Published: September 2021

The bubble nucleation mechanisms in a molten vanadium and copper oxide-based diffusion-bubbling membrane are reviewed. The relationship between the bubble density, oxygen partial pressure, and oxygen flux is established.
Simple synthesis of novel magnetic silver polymer nanocomposites with a good separation capacity and intrinsic antibacterial activities with high performance
Authors: Soleymani-Babadi Susan , Beheshti Azizolla , Nasiri Elahe , Bahrani-Pour Maryam , Motamedi Hossein , Mayer Peter
Published: September 2021

Two new nanocomposites containing the MnFe2O4 of the unprecedented Ag complexes with N- and S-donor ligands were synthesized. The nanocomposites can be prepared by a simple procedure and use efficiently for antibacterial activity and other purposes.
Keratin-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as enzyme mimics for colorimetric detection of glucose
Authors: Li Peiyu , Zheng Jing , Xu Jingli , Zhang Min
Published: September 2021

Herein, we report keratin-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers embedded with Fe3O4 magnetic NPs, which were employed for glucose detection owing to their excellent enzyme-like catalytic performance and stability.
Critical factors for levulinic acid production from starch-rich food waste: solvent effects, reaction pressure, and phase separation
Authors: Dutta Shanta , Yu Iris K. M. , Fan Jiajun , Clark James H. , Tsang Daniel C. W.
Published: September 2021

This study provides new and critical insights into sustainable catalytic conversion of food (bread) waste to platform chemicals for achieving sustainable development goals and fostering a circular economy.
Milligram-scale, temperature-controlled ball milling to provide an informed basis for scale-up to reactive extrusion
Authors: Andersen Joel , Starbuck Hunter , Current Tia , Martin Scott , Mack James
Published: September 2021

It is demonstrated that temperature-controlled ball milling is a key component for scaling up small-scale mechanochemistry.
Polyoxometalate-based supramolecular porous frameworks with dual-active centers towards highly efficient synthesis of functionalized p-benzoquinones
Authors: Chang Shenzhen , Chen Yanhong , An Haiyan , Zhu Qingshan , Luo Huiyun , Huang Yaohui
Published: September 2021

Two POM-based supramolecular porous frameworks were prepared, which can efficiently oxidize substituted phenols and even alkoxybenzenes to corresponding p-benzoquinones under mild conditions.
Polymer grafting on cellulose nanocrystals initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate: is it feasible under acid-free conditions?
Authors: Liu Yunxiao , Lu Yunjie , Zhang Hui , Liu Xinran , Kong Zhengqing , Zhou Lijuan , Liu Heng , Zhang Jianming
Published: September 2021

This work overcomes the limitation of strong acidic conditions for the polymer grafting modification of CNCs initiated by cerium ammonium nitrate and is conducive to the industrial production of polymer-grafted CNCs under environmentally friendly conditions.
Heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts prepared from marine biomass cellulose nanocrystals and bio-inspired polydopamine for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Grewal Manjit Singh , Matsuo Yasutaka , Yabu Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts were prepared from marine biomass cellulose nanocrystals as potential electrocatalysts for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction.
Heteroleptic dirhodium(ii,ii) paddlewheel complexes as carbene transfer catalysts
Authors: Abshire Anthony , Moore Desiree , Courtney Jobe , Darko Ampofo
Published: September 2021

This review highlights the applications of dirhodium(ii,ii) paddlewheel complexes with a heteroleptic scaffold.
Direct reductive amination of ketones with ammonium salt catalysed by Cp*Ir(iii) complexes bearing an amidato ligand
Authors: Dai Zengjin , Pan Ying-Min , Wang Shou-Guo , Zhang Xumu , Yin Qin
Published: September 2021

A series of easily accessed and air-stable half-sandwich Ir(iii) complexes bearing an amidato ligand have been identified as highly efficient catalysts for the Leuckart–Wallach reaction.
Fine tuning the structural colours of photonic nanosheet suspensions by polymer doping
Authors: El Rifaii Karin , Wensink Henricus H. , Goldmann Claire , Michot Laurent , Gabriel Jean-Christophe P. , Davidson Patrick
Published: September 2021

Doping a photonic lamellar mesophase of mineral nanosheets with low (resp. high) molecular weight PEO shifts its colour from green to blue (resp. red).
Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and human skin models: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Domingo Marc , Faraudo Jordi
Published: September 2021

The possibility of contamination of human skin by infectious virions plays an important role in indirect transmission of respiratory viruses but little is known about the fundamental physico-chemical aspects of the virus-skin interactions.
Size-sieving separation of hard-sphere gases at low concentrations through cylindrically porous membranes
Authors: Yu Yue , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2021

We use event-driven molecular dynamics simulation to study the diffusion and transport of binary hard sphere mixtures through rigid cylindrically porous membranes.
An EKF based overlapping coalition formation game for cooperative wireless network navigation
Authors: Ke Mingxing , Tian Shiwei , Tong Kaixiang , Zhang Haiyan
Published: September 2021

The problem of efficient link selections for cooperative navigation is investigated in dynamic wireless networks, using an extended Kalman filter based overlapping coalition formation (OCF) game approach. Due to the densely deployment of nodes without proper link selections, the conventional cooperative navigation approaches usually yield high time‐frequency resources as the existing resource management methods only work properly in static localisation systems. A new link selection mechanism which is reliable with limited resources in dynamic positioning scenarios is proposed. The varying topological structure and states of every node will be taken into consideration while each node abandons a considerable number of unnecessary links. Firstly, the state of every mobile node will be estimated in real‐time. Then a selection criterion is applied to determine whether nodes are well navigated. If the criterion is satisfied, an OCF game will be employed to construct the effective link selection. Otherwise, a re‐link mechanism will be used to obtain precise state information of each node. Numerical results show that the cooperative navigation algorithm can significantly improve the positioning accuracy and the proposed OCF game approach can build a cooperative network with limited number of links at the cost of appropriate performance degradation.
Funnel function‐based asymptotic output feedback control of hydraulic systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Xu Zhangbao , Wang Yudong , Shen Hao , Liu Qingyun , Yao Jianyong
Published: September 2021

An asymptotic output feedback controller for the hydraulic systems with model uncertainty compensation and prescribed performance is proposed here, where state observers, funnel function and nonlinear adaptive controller are integrated via backstepping technology. Only position signal is available in the process of controller design, the velocity and load pressure are estimated by observers. And, the adaptive control law is carried out to approximate disturbance. Then, a funnel function is introduced to guarantee the prescribed tracking error performance and the potential singularity problem in prescribed performance control is avoided. Furthermore, the whole closed system is proved to be asymptotically stable using Lyapunov method. Comparative experimental results performed on hydraulic systems are studied to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Recursive fusion estimation for mobile robot localization under multiple energy harvesting sensors
Authors: Lu Yanyang , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with the recursive fusion estimation‐based mobile robot localization (RL) problem by employing multiple energy harvesting sensors (EHSs). In the addressed RL problem, multiple sensors with energy harvesting capacity are deployed to produce measurements used for RL. When the sensors own sufficient energy, the sensors can output measurements and then send them to the corresponding local filter. Otherwise, the sensor energy‐induced missing measurement phenomenon will occur. In order to obtain the missing measurement rate, at each time instant, the relationship between the totality of the sensor energy and its probability distribution is derived recursively. This paper aims at seeking out a practicable solution to the addressed mobile RL problem. First, in the presence of the sensor energy‐induced measurement missing phenomenon, an upper bound (UB) of the local localization error covariance is recursively acquired. Then, such a derived UB is minimized by suitably devising the desired local filter parameter. Subsequently, the covariance intersection fusion method is adopted to achieve the addressed RL problem. In the end, a simulation is conducted to verify the practicability of the developed RL scheme.
Real‐time predictive coordination based on vehicle‐triggered platoon dispersion in a low penetration connected vehicle environment
Authors: Li Jiangchen , Peng Liqun , Qiu Tony Z.
Published: September 2021

The connected vehicle (CV) technology can benefit signal coordination with fine‐grained spatial and temporal vehicle and infrastructure data via real‐time communication. Although CV‐based signal coordination systems have been investigated from offline and online strategic perspectives, existing works have yet to address certain coordination performance issues, including the dynamic platoon dispersion effect and low penetration impact. Targeting at resolving these issues, this work proposes a real‐time predictive coordination method consisting of a probabilistic single‐vehicle‐based dynamic platoon dispersion model, an extended link performance function, and a real‐time model predictive control (MPC)‐based coordination framework. The proposed coordination method was comprehensively investigated by a software‐in‐loop simulation platform with different practical corridor scenarios in the ACTIVE CV testbed in Canada. Results show the proposed coordination control continuously outperformed existing signal control with lower delays for major streets with different demand profiles and different CV penetration rates, even in low penetration conditions. In conclusion, the proposed CV MPC‐based coordination can offer significant potential to further improve the system performance of signal coordination in a low penetration environment; therefore, it has the potential to enhance other CV‐based signal control applications in the initial deployment stage of CV technology.
Urban development with dynamic digital twins in Helsinki city
Authors: Hämäläinen Mervi
Published: September 2021

A dynamic digital twin is a feasible solution that can be employed to build real‐time connectivity between virtual and physical objects. Industries like manufacturing, aerospace and healthcare utilise dynamic digital twins for simulation, monitoring and control purposes, but recently, this nascent technology has also attracted the interest of urban designers. Due to the novelty of the dynamic digital twin in urban design, this research study addresses the concept of digital twin technology and investigates its applicability in so‐called smart city settings. Drawing on results from research interviews and examples from the Digital Twin project in Helsinki city, the research illustrates that solid data infrastructure forms the foundation for urban digital twins and the development of future smart city applications and services. Furthermore, data‐enriched digital twins evidently accelerate smart city experimentations and strengthen both learning and knowledge‐based decision‐making. Digital twins have also proved that they offer an environment in which smart city practitioners can bridge multi‐stakeholder urban design teams through one digital platform.
CHEOPS precision phase curve of the Super-Earth 55 Cancri e
Authors: Morris B. M. , Delrez L. , Brandeker A. , Cameron A. C. , Simon A. E. , Futyan D. , Olofsson G. , Hoyer S. , Fortier A. , Demory B.-O. , Lendl M. , Wilson T. G. , Oshagh M. , Heng K. , Ehrenreich D. , Sulis S. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Anglada Escudé G. , Barrado D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck M. , Beck T. , Bekkelien A. , Benz W. , Bergomi M. , Billot N. , Bonfils X. , Bourrier V. , Broeg C. , Bárczy T. , Cabrera J. , Charnoz S. , Davies M. B. , De Miguel Ferreras D. , Deleuil M. , Deline A. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Erikson A. , Floren H. G. , Fossati L. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , García Muñoz A. , Gillon M. , Guedel M. , Guterman P. , Isaak K. , Kiss L. , Laskar J. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Lieder M. , Lovis C. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Nascimbeni V. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piotto G. , Pizarro Rubio A. , Pollacco D. , Pozuelos F. J. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Smith A. M. S. , Sousa S. G. , Steller M. , Szabó Gy. M. , Ségransan D. , Thomas N. , Udry S. , Ulmer B. , Van Grootel V. , Walton N. A.
Published: September 2021

Context. 55 Cnc e is a transiting super-Earth (radius 1.88 R⊕ and mass 8 M⊕) orbiting a G8V host star on a 17-h orbit. Spitzer observations of the planet’s phase curve at 4.5 μm revealed a time-varying occultation depth, and MOST optical observations are consistent with a time-varying phase curve amplitude and phase offset of maximum light. Both broadband and high-resolution spectroscopic analyses are consistent with either a high mean molecular weight atmosphere or no atmosphere for planet e. A long-term photometric monitoring campaign on an independent optical telescope is needed to probe the variability in this system.

Aims. We seek to measure the phase variations of 55 Cnc e with a broadband optical filter with the 30 cm effective aperture space telescope CHEOPS and explore how the precision photometry narrows down the range of possible scenarios.

Methods. We observed 55 Cnc for 1.6 orbital phases in March of 2020. We designed a phase curve detrending toolkit for CHEOPS photometry which allowed us to study the underlying flux variations in the 55 Cnc system.

Results. We detected a phase variation with a full-amplitude of 72 ± 7 ppm, but did not detect a significant secondary eclipse of the planet. The shape of the phase variation resembles that of a piecewise-Lambertian; however, the non-detection of the planetary secondary eclipse, and the large amplitude of the variations exclude reflection from the planetary surface as a possible origin of the observed phase variations. They are also likely incompatible with magnetospheric interactions between the star and planet, but may imply that circumplanetary or circumstellar material modulate the flux of the system.

Conclusions. This year, further precision photometry of 55 Cnc from CHEOPS will measure variations in the phase curve amplitude and shape over time.
Magnetic reconnection and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the solar corona
Authors: Howson T. A. , De Moortel I. , Pontin D. I.
Published: September 2021

Context. The magnetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) has been proposed as a means of generating magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and encouraging wave energy dissipation in the solar corona, particularly within transversely oscillating loops.

Aims. Our goal is to determine whether the KHI encourages magnetic reconnection in oscillating flux tubes in the solar corona. This will establish whether the instability enhances the dissipation rate of energy stored in the magnetic field.

Methods. We conducted a series of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the KHI excited by an oscillating velocity shear. We investigated the effects of numerical resolution, field line length, and background currents on the growth rate of the KHI and on the subsequent rate of magnetic reconnection.

Results. The KHI is able to trigger magnetic reconnection in all cases, with the highest rates occurring during the initial growth phase. Reconnection is found to occur preferentially along the boundaries of Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices, where the shear in the velocity and magnetic fields is greatest. The estimated rate of reconnection is found to be lowest in simulations where the KHI growth rate is reduced. For example, this is the case for shorter field lines or due to shear in the background field.

Conclusions. In non-ideal regimes, the onset of the instability causes the local reconnection of magnetic field lines and enhances the rate of coronal wave heating. However, we found that if the equilibrium magnetic field is sheared across the Kelvin-Helmholtz mixing layer, the instability does not significantly enhance the rate of reconnection of the background field, despite the free energy associated with the non-potential field.
Residuale axilläre Metastasenlast nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie (NACT) bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom im Frühstadium und a priori klinisch okkulten Lymphknotenmetastasen – eine transSENTINA-Analyse
Authors: Kolberg Hans-Christian , Kühn Thorsten , Krajewska Maja , Bauerfeind Ingo , Fehm Tanja N. , Fleige Barbara , Helms Gisela , Lebeau Annette , Stäbler Annette , Schmatloch Sabine , Hauschild Maik , Schwentner Lukas , Schrenk Peter , Loibl Sibylle , Untch Michael , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Der Zusammenhang zwischen pathologischer Komplettremission (pCR) der Brust und klinischen/pathologischen Parametern ist bei Brustkrebspatientinnen, die sich einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie (NACT) unterziehen, bekannt. Noch nicht geklärt ist aber der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Parametern und der residualen axillären Lymphknotenlast nach NACT.

Methoden In dieser Studie wurden Patientinnen mit klinisch okkulten Lymphknotenmetastasen (d. h. klinisch negativ, aber SLN-positiv vor NACT; d. h. aus dem Arm B der SENTINA-Studie) aufgenommen. Bei allen Patientinnen wurden eine zweite Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie (SLNB) sowie eine axilläre Lymphknotendissektion nach NACT durchgeführt. Es wurden univariate und multivariate Analysen durchgeführt, um den Zusammenhang zwischen klinischen/pathologischen Parametern und axillärem Lymphknotenbefall nach NACT zu bestimmen.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 360 Patientinnen aus dem Arm B der SENTINA-Studie in diese Studie aufgenommen; die Daten von 318 dieser Patientinnen wurden analysiert. Nach der NACT wurde bei 71/318 (22,3 %) Patientinnen ein Befall der SLN oder Non-SLN festgestellt. Bei insgesamt 71/318 (22,3 %) Patientinnen konnte eine pCR der Brust erreicht werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen extranodaler Ausbreitung, fehlender Multifokalität sowie pCR der Brust und der residualen axillären Lymphknotenlast war statistisch signifikant. Bei der deskriptiven Analyse aller Patientinnen mit klinisch negativen axillären Lymphknoten vor NACT in der SENTINA-Studie hatten 1,2 % der triplenegativen (TN) Patientinnen und 0,5 % der HER/2-positiven Patientinnen eine residuale axilläre Tumorlast trotz pCR der Brust.

Schlussfolgerung Patientinnen der SENTINA-Studie mit klinisch negativen axillären Lymphknoten und Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Befall haben ein signifikantes Risiko für nodale Metastasen nach NACT. Allerdings ist das Risiko einer residualen axillären Tumorlast besonders gering bei Frauen mit pathologischer Komplettremission der Brust und triplenegativen oder HER/2-positiven Tumoren.
Extending treatment criteria for Barrett’s neoplasia: results of a nationwide cohort of 138 endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures
Authors: van Munster Sanne N. , Verheij Eva P. D. , Nieuwenhuis Esther A. , Offerhaus Johan G. J. A. , Meijer Sybren L. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Alkhalaf Alaa , Schenk Ed B. E. , Schoon Erik J. , Curvers Wouter L. , van Tilburg Laurelle , van de Ven Steffi E. M. , Tang Thjon J. , Nagengast Wouter B. , Houben Martin H. M. G. , Seldenrijk Kees C. A. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , Koch Arjun D. , Pouw Roos E. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Barrett Expert Centers
Published: September 2021

Background The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is gradually expanding for treatment of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). We aimed to report outcomes of all ESDs for BE neoplasia performed in the Netherlands.

Methods Retrospective assessment of outcomes, using treatment and follow-up data from a joint database.

Results 130/138 patients had complete ESDs, with 126/130 (97 %) en bloc resections. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) procedure time was 121 minutes (90–180). Pathology findings were high grade dysplasia (HGD) (5 %) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) T1a (43 %) or T1b (52 %; 19 % sm1, 33 % ≥ sm2). Among resections of HGD or T1a EAC lesions, 87 % (95 %CI 75 %–92 %) were both en bloc and R0; the corresponding value for T1b EAC lesions was 49 % (36 %–60 %). Among R1 resections, 10/34 (29 %) showed residual cancer, all detected at first endoscopic follow-up. The remaining 24 patients (71 %) showed no residual neoplasia. Six of these patients underwent surgery with no residual tumor; the remaining 18 underwent endoscopic follow-up during median 31 months with 1 local recurrence (annual recurrence rate 2 %). Among R0 resections, annual local recurrence rate during median 27 months was 0.5 %.

Conclusion In expert hands, ESD allows safe removal of bulky intraluminal neoplasia and submucosal cancer. ESD of the latter showed R1 resection margins in 50 %, yet only one third had persisting neoplasia at follow-up. To better stratify R1 patients with an indication for additional surgery, repeat endoscopy after healing of the ESD might be a helpful possible prognostic factor for residual cancer.
Stepwise Treatment for Abnormally Invasive Placenta with Placenta Previa
Authors: Sumigama Seiji , Kotani Tomomi , Hayakawa Hiromi
Published: September 2021

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder often causes a large amount of intraoperative bleeding in a short period which makes maternal circulation unstable and threatens life. As a countermeasure, two-stage surgery combined with selective uterine arterial embolization (UAE), named “stepwise treatment” was introduced in 2003. At a cesarean section (CS), only the baby is delivered and the placenta is left in situ. The transcatheter angiographic UAE is performed on the operation day, followed by the total hysterectomy on 5 to 7 days after CS. The difficulty in the operative procedures for hysterectomy and the amount of bleeding can be reduced by the added effect of the blood flow interruption by UAE and the uterine involution. Although there are not many indication cases, this is the prudent operation that should be considered for the most severe PAS case such as total placenta increta/percreta with placenta previa.

In this article, the practical procedures and tips of stepwise treatment are described.
Examining the Concordance in the Documented Pressure Injury Site, Stage, and Count in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Sotoodeh Mani , Ho Joyce C. , Simpson Roy L. , Hertzberg Vicki S.
Published: September 2021

Objectives This study aimed to compare the concordance of pressure injury (PI) site, stage, and count documented in electronic health records (EHRs); explore if PI count during each patient hospitalization is consistent based on PI site or stage count in the diagnosis or chart event records; and examine if discrepancies in PI count were associated with patient characteristics.

Methods Hospitalization records with the International Classification of Diseases ninth edition (ICD-9) codes, chart events from two systems (CareVue, MetaVision), and clinical notes on PI were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. PI site and stage counts from individual hospitalization were computed. Hospitalizations with the same or different counts of site and stage according to ICD-9 codes (site and stage), CareVue (site and stage), or MetaVision (stage) charts were defined as consistent or discrepant reporting. Chi-squared, independent t-, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were examined if the count discrepancy was associated with patient characteristics. ICD-9 codes and charts were also compared for people with one site or stage.

Results A total of 31,918 hospitalizations had PI data. Within hospitalizations with ICD-9-coded sites and stages, 55.9% reported different counts. Within hospitalizations with CareVue charts on PI, 99.3% reported the same count. For hospitalizations with stages based on ICD-9 codes or MetaVision chart data, only 42.9% reported the same count. Discrepancies in counts were consistently and significantly associated with variables including PI recording in clinical notes, dead/hospice at discharge, more caregivers, longer hospitalization or intensive care unit stays, and more days to first transfer. Discrepancies between ICD-9 code and chart values on the site and stage were also reported.

Conclusion Patient characteristics associated with PI count discrepancies identified patients at risk of having discrepant PI counts or worse outcomes. PI documentation quality could be improved with better communication, care continuity, and integrity. Clinical research using EHRs should adopt systematic data quality analysis to inform limitations.
Low-temperature nucleation and growth of Zn on Au(111) and thermal stability toward (surface) alloy formation
Authors: Schüttler Konstantin M. , Bansmann Joachim , Engstfeld Albert K. , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: September 2021

As part of an extensive study of the interaction between Zn and Au in Zn/Au(111) model systems, we have systematically investigated the low-temperature (LT) nucleation and growth behavior of Zn on the Au(111) surface as well as the thermal stability of the resulting structures toward sintering, intermixing, and dissolution by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Zn deposition at LT, at 105 K (STM) or 80 K (XPS), leads to nucleation and two-dimensional growth of Zn islands mainly at the elbows of the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction, with a slight preference for island formation at pinched-in (pi) rather than bulged-out (bu) elbows. Local surface intermixing during LT Zn deposition leads to local perturbations of the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction, which results in the formation of additional nucleation sites (edge sites). At higher coverages (>0.11 ML), island coalescence sets in. Testing the thermal stability by annealing experiments, we find the structures to be stable up to about 200 K, while at higher temperatures, 2D sintering, intermixing, and dissolution set in, with subtle differences between pi- and bu-elbow islands. This indicates largely comparable activation barriers for the underlying (surface-)diffusion and exchange processes. Upon annealing to 330 K, all island structures dissolved. Compared with previous reports on the growth of other metals on Au(111), Zn shows a rather high tendency for intermixing and can be considered to be typical of metal deposition systems with comparable barriers for 2D Zn detachment/sintering and intermixing/bulk diffusion.
Heterogeneous nucleation of gallium with lattice-matched cubic carbide and nitride phases
Authors: Chakravarty Sourav , Sharar Darin J. , Shamberger Patrick J.
Published: September 2021

Energetic barriers to nucleation can result in metastable liquids, which require additional undercooling to initiate solidification. Gallium, a low melting point metal of potential use as a phase change material and for liquid metal electronics, exhibits a well-documented temperature-dependent undercooling that can exceed 60 °C in small volumes (10 μl) cooled at moderate cooling rates (10 °C/min). Here, we use an epitaxial lattice-matching technique to identify cubic carbide and nitride phases that could serve as nucleation catalysts for gallium and gallium-based eutectics. We demonstrate multiple cubic carbides and nitrides that reduce undercooling and show that the relationship between the lattice mismatch and observed undercooling conforms with the heterogeneous nucleation theory. HfC and ZrN result in the smallest reported undercooling to date, <20 and <10 °C, respectively, across all equilibration temperatures after aging. These materials remain stable, even after aging for 120 days in liquid Ga. The carbide and nitride phases described here are commonly used as hard coatings and diffusion barriers, suggesting their practical applicability as thin coatings that both protect an underlying device or component and simultaneously reduce undercooling of gallium or gallium-based eutectics.
Experimental and numerical study of the plasma in coaxial capacitive coupled radio frequency discharge
Authors: Alhomsi Sara , Bauville Gérard , Pasquiers Stéphane , Minea Tiberiu
Published: September 2021

A coaxial configuration of discharge is proposed for plasma surface treatment and possibly other applications. The reactor is based on a cylindrical structure, with the inner cylinder radio frequency powered (RF, 13.56 MHz) and the outer cylinder grounded, playing the role of a guard ring. The charged species can escape from the inner cavity through two longitudinal slits made in both cylinders, aligned to each other, and producing a linear slab of plasma. Hence, it is possible to project the plasma directly onto a surface placed under the slits, called external plate. The operation of this device is uniform and stable in argon for a large pressure range (0.8–50 mbar). Furthermore, simulations using the Plasimo™ software package were performed to evaluate the plasma parameters and to explain the experimental results. The ion flux on the surface exposed to this plasma increases when RF power increases, and the pressure or gap distance to the plate decreases. This cylindrical capacitive coupled plasma configuration can be very effective for surface treatment of different materials (conductors or insulators) on large area (when the plate or the system is moving perpendicular to the slits) due to energetic ions and active species released from the plasma.
Perfect optical coherence lattices
Authors: Liang Chunhao , Liu Xin , Xu Zhiheng , Wang Fei , Wen Wei , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Cai Yangjian , Ma Pujuan
Published: September 2021

We advance and experimentally implement a protocol to generate optical coherence lattices (OCLs) that are not modulated by an envelope field. Here, we dub them perfect OCLs. Structuring the amplitude and phase of an input partially coherent beam in a Fourier plane of an imaging system lies at the heart of our protocol. In the proposed approach, the OCL node profile depends solely on the degree of coherence of the input beam such that, in principle, any lattice structure can be attained via proper manipulations in the Fourier plane. Moreover, any genuine partially coherent source can serve as an input to our lattice generating imaging system. Our results are anticipated to find applications to optical field engineering and multi-target probing among others.
Cylindrical Couette flow with fixed outer cylinder: Rarefied effects
Authors: Abramov A. A. , Alexandrov V. Yu. , Butkovskii A. V. , Buzykin O. G.
Published: September 2021

We consider the rarefied cylindrical Couette flow. The inner cylinder rotates at the constant angular velocity and the outer cylinder is at rest. We investigate the momentum and energy fluxes transferred to the cylinders and show that this flow is fundamentally different from the rarefied Couette flow with the fixed inner cylinder. For the free molecular mode, we derive the explicit analytical expressions for the fluxes. We find that momentum and energy fluxes transferred to the inner cylinder have a maximum with respect to the ratio of radii. The influence of the rarefaction on the energy and momentum transfer in the transitional regime is studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The shear stress and energy flux transferred to the inner cylinder increase with an increase in the angular velocity of the inner cylinder rather than tend to zero at high velocities, as in the Couette flow with the fixed inner cylinder with an increase in the angular velocity of the outer cylinder. In the transitional mode, for the flow with the fixed outer cylinder, the absolute value of the normal momentum flux transferred to the inner cylinder has a minimum as a function of the angular velocity of the inner cylinder. On the other hand, in the Couette flow with the fixed inner cylinder, this flux tends to zero at high angular velocities of the outer cylinder. The fundamental difference between these two flows at high velocities is associated with the degree of influence of dissipation on the flows.
Energy relaxation dynamics of hydrogen-bonded OH vibration conjugated with free OH bond at an air/water interface
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuya
Published: September 2021

Vibrational energy relaxation dynamics of the excited hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) OH conjugated with free OH (OD) at an air/water (for both pure water and isotopically diluted water) interface are elucidated via non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics (NE-AIMD) simulations. The calculated results are compared with those of the excited H-bonded OH in bulk liquid water reported previously. In the case of pure water, the relaxation timescale (vibrational lifetime) of the excited H-bonded OH at the interface is T1 = 0.13 ps, which is slightly larger than that in the bulk (T1 = 0.11 ps). Conversely, in the case of isotopically diluted water, the relaxation timescale of T1 = 0.74 ps in the bulk decreases to T1 = 0.26 ps at the interface, suggesting that the relaxation dynamics of the H-bonded OH are strongly dependent on the surrounding H-bond environments particularly for the isotopically diluted conditions. The relaxation paths and their rates are estimated by introducing certain constraints on the vibrational modes except for the target path in the NE-AIMD simulation to decompose the total energy relaxation rate into contributions to possible relaxation pathways. It is found that the main relaxation pathway in the case of pure water is due to intermolecular OH⋯OH vibrational coupling, which is similar to the relaxation in the bulk. In the case of isotopically diluted water, the main pathway is due to intramolecular stretch and bend couplings, which show more efficient relaxation than in the bulk because of strong H-bonding interactions specific to the air/water interface.
The Work Assessment Method shows potential to improve performance and social sustainability on Australian dairy farms
Authors: Santhanam-Martin Michael , Nettle Ruth , Major Jason , Fagon Jocelyn , Beguin Emmanuel , Bridge Patten
Published: September 2021

Context Social aspects of livestock farming systems, including farm workforce and how work is organised, have received less research attention than the biophysical and technological aspects. This constrains understanding of social challenges to the sustainability of livestock systems, such as farm labour shortages, farmers’ overwork, the undesirability of farming careers, workforce and skills changes linked to new technologies, and the connections of all these to farm performance and profitability. Aims We introduce and test the applicability and utility in the Australian context of a method developed in France for assessing work organisation: The Work Assessment Method (WAM). The WAM goes beyond standard labour productivity metrics, such as total labour cost or livestock units per worker, to examine different types of work (routine, seasonal), who does the work (owner–managers, employees, contractors) and how these change seasonally. A measure of social sustainability (‘calculated time available’) is a key feature. Methods We conducted the first Australian trial of the WAM on two Victorian dairy farms. Through facilitated discussions between participating farmers and the research team, we evaluated the utility of the method, and identified requirements to adapt it for larger, pasture-based dairy systems. Key results The WAM was applied successfully on the pilot farms, despite differences in farm systems between France and Australia. The method characterised in detail the sources of overwork for each farm, enabling discussion of how the social sustainability and overall performance of the farms could be improved. The participating farmers reported that the method provided insights that were not available from current financial and physical analyses. Conclusions The WAM shows potential for supporting farmers, advisors and researchers in work aimed at improving farm social sustainability and profitability, but requires adaptation to suit Australian conditions. A larger exploratory study applying the WAM on additional dairy farms, and on mixed farms, is suggested. Implications This study provides a strong foundation for further research to develop the WAM as a useful research and advisory tool for Australian livestock production systems.
Fabrication of Highly Ordered Ag/TiO
Authors: Xie Yibing
Published: September 2021

Silver nanoparticles deposited on a titania nanopore array (Ag/TiO2 NPA) has been designed as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for sensitive and recycling application of organic molecule detection. A TiO2 NPA was fabricated by a surface oxidization reaction of a titanium sheet by a double anodization process. A Ag/TiO2 NPA was then formed by depositing silver nanoparticles onto the TiO2 NPA by a cycling chemical reduction deposition process. The Ag/TiO2 NPA has a uniform mono-layer dispersion of Ag nanoparticles with a size of 30–50 nm on TiO2 nanopores with a diameter of 100–110 nm. The Ag/TiO2 NPA SERS substrate could facilitate interfacial adsorption of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), which achieves a sensitive detection limit of 10−8 M R6G through SERS spectrum measurement. The Ag/TiO2 NPA SERS substrate achieves an analytical enhancement factor value of 2.6 × 105. The Ag/TiO2 NRA could promote the UV light-excited photocatalytic degradation reaction of R6G adsorbed on its surface which gives rise to a refreshed Ag/TiO2 NRA under UV irradiation for 60 min and accordingly behave as a self-cleaning and recycling SERS substrate. The Ag/TiO2 NPA exhibits a much higher R6G degradation reaction rate constant (0.05764 min−1) than the TiO2 NPA (0.02600 min−1), indicating its superior photocatalytic activity and self-cleaning activity. The refreshed Ag/TiO2 NPA was able to be recycled for the Raman detection of R6G, maintaining a high stability, reproducibility, and cyclability. The highly ordered Ag/TiO2 NPA with well controlled Ag nanoparticle dispersion and TiO2 nanopore shape could act as a suitable SERS substrate for recycling and self-cleaning application for stable and sensitive molecule detection.