bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the mover’s advantage: transatlantic migration, employment prestige, and scientific performance
Authors: Holding Benjamin C. , Acciai Claudia , Schneider Jesper W. , Nielsen Mathias W.
Published: August 2023

Research on scientific careers finds a mover’s advantage. International migration correlates with increased visibility and productivity. However, if scientists who move internationally, on average, enter into more prestigious employments than they came from, extant research may overestimate the direct performance gains associated with international moves. Building on insights from the sociology of science and studies of international researcher mobility, we examine how changes in employment prestige shape international movers’ performance returns to mobility. We follow a cohort of 167,014 European scientists to identify individuals that move to the USA and pair these migrants to non-mobile scientists with identical home institutions, research fields, and genders, giving a final sample of 3978 researchers. Using a difference-in-differences design, we show a substantial increase in the publishing rates and scientific impact of transatlantic migrants, compared to non-mobile scientists. However, most of the movers’ mobility-related boost in citation and journal impact is attributable to changes in employment prestige. In contrast, we find limited effects of employment prestige on changes in migrants’ publication rates. Overall, our study suggests large variations in the outcomes of transatlantic migration and reaffirms the citation-related “visibility advantage” tied to prestigious institutional locations.
The Institutional Laundry: How the Public May Keep Their Hands Clean
Authors: Kirby Nikolas
Published: August 2023

A number of recent authors have argued for the problem of ‘democratic dirty hands’. At least within a democracy, public officers can be rightly said to act in the name of the public; and thus, as agents to principals, the dirty hands of public officers are, ultimately attributable to that public. Even more troubling, so the argument goes, since dirty hands are necessary for public officers in any stable political order, then such democratic dirty hands are necessary for any stable democracy. Our dirt is the unavoidable cost of democratic survival.

In this paper, I offer an argument against this disconcerting conclusion. My central claim is that proponents of ‘democratic dirty hands’ have missed the import of another feature of contemporary governance: public institutions. Public institutions, as organisational agents, intermediate the relationship between public officer and public; and in so doing, the dirt necessary for stability may be ‘laundered’: the public may still gain the benefit of a public officer’s hands, but remain clean of the dirt. I illustrate this case by an extended discussion of the case of La Comisión Internacional contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (‘CICIG’).
“Help Me Control My Impulses!”: Adolescent Impulsivity and Its Negative Individual, Family, Peer, and Community Explanatory Factors
Authors: Carvalho Célia Barreto , Arroz Ana Moura , Martins Raquel , Costa Rodrigo , Cordeiro Filipa , Cabral Joana Moura
Published: August 2023

The literature shows that impulsivity, prevalent in adolescence, is negatively linked with a variety of psychosocial factors (e.g., positive interpersonal relationships, emotion regulation); however, there is limited research examining the relative contribution of multiple factors for this trait nor exploring how these factors influence the associations between impulsivity and risk-related outcomes. Drawing on multiple components of the unified theory of development (i.e., psychological variables, peers subsystem, community subsystem, family processes subsystem), this cross-sectional study aims to identify explanatory psychosocial variables (i.e., early memories of warmth and safeness, rational decision-making style, resilience, emotion regulation, coping, parental attachment, social group attachment, satisfaction with school and family-related variables) that are negatively related with impulsivity, in younger (13–15) and older (16–19 years) adolescents, and explore their moderating role in the associations between this trait and some risk-related outcomes (i.e., verbal aggression, anger, self-harm, other high-risk behaviors). A representative sample of 6894 adolescents (52.9% female) living in the Azores (Portugal), with ages ranging from 13 to 19 (M = 15.4), was used. Two stepwise multiple regressions, one for each age group, revealed that only emotion regulation, parental attachment, and social group attachment had a negative effect on impulsivity in both age groups; additionally, satisfaction with teachers also had this effect in younger adolescents. The first three variables weakened the positive associations between impulsivity and the risk-related outcomes. These results suggest that the psychological system and all subsystems of the social context measured play a relevant role in explaining adolescent impulsivity and that it may be reduced by promoting emotion regulation, positive parenting practices, healthier relationships with peers, and healthier relationships with teachers.
Environmental risk assessment of naturally radioactive beryl-bearing rocks, Sinai and Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Khaleal Farrage M. , El-Bialy Mohammed Z. , Saleh Gehad M. , Abdelaal Ahmed , Kamar Mohamed S. , Omar Mohamed M. , El-dawy Mohamed N. , Lasheen El Saeed R.
Published: August 2023

Beryl mineralization represents one of the most significant gemstones. The radioactive concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in beryl-bearing rocks in South Sinai, Central and South Eastern Desert, Egypt were measured using a portable RS230 gamma spectrometer. 238U (40 ± 14), 232Th (51 ± 19), and 40K (1176 ± 277 Bq/kg) are recorded for Ghazala, 54 ± 16, 36 ± 12, and 921 ± 243 Bq/kg for Sedri, 39 ± 15, 27 ± 12, and 842 ± 356 Bq/kg for Igla, 69 ± 16, 34 ± 3, and 1572 ± 83 Bq/kg for Homrit-Akarem, 89 ± 21, 130 ± 16, and 1439 ± 175 Bq/kg for Homrit-Mikpid, and 35 ± 13, 21 ± 12, and 940 ± 645 Bq/kg for Zabara-Um Addebaa. Radiological risk assessment parameters (e.g., annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity) were estimated to deduce the radiation effects on human organs. The obtained results are within acceptable limits.
Cramér–Lundberg model for some classes of extremal Markov sequences
Authors: Jasiulis-Gołdyn Barbara Helena , Lechańska Alicja , KrystynaMisiewicz Jolanta
Published: August 2023

The classical Cramér–Lundberg model was the first attempt to describe the financial condition of the insurance company. The incomes were approximated by a steady stream of money, and insurance payments were not limited and could take any value from zero to infinity. The society did not invest any part of its money and does not have any employees, shareholders, or enterprise maintenance costs. There exist many modifications of the Cramér–Lundberg model that cover at least some of the problems described here but usually require insight into the internal financial policy of the insurance company. We propose another modification based on Markov processes defined by generalized convolutions. Thanks to the generalized convolutions, we can stochastically approximate the internal financial policy of the company based on publicly available data. In this paper, we focus on computing the ruin probability in the Cramér–Lundberg model for an infinite time horizon for the Markov processes where the transition probabilities are defined by generalized convolutions, in particular, by the α-convolution, maximal convolution, or Kendall convolution.
Is US Fertility now Below Replacement? Evidence from Period vs. Cohort Trends
Authors: Wu Lawrence L. , Mark Nicholas D. E.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we contrast period and cohort approaches to answering the question: Is US fertility now below replacement? The answer would appear to be an unambiguous “yes” based on period trends in the total fertility rate (TFR). Since 2007, TFR has declined from 2.12, just above the replacement level set by demographic tradition at 2.10 births per woman, to 1.67 in 2022, leading many to speculate that the United States has now entered a sustained period of below-replacement fertility. A quite different picture emerges from cohort trends in the cumulative fertility rate (CFR), a cohort measure that is not subject to biases that can distort period TFRs. For older birth cohorts of US women—those born between 1959 and 1987 and who were thus age 33 or older in 2020—observed or projected CFRs at age 45 vary between 2.00 and 2.24 births per woman. For younger cohorts—those born between 1988 and 2010 and who were 10 to 32 as of 2020—we project CFRs at age 45 that are below 2.00, with these declines attributable to falling fertility at younger ages. We thus conclude that from a cohort perspective, the question “Is US fertility now below replacement” should be replaced by the question “Will lifetime fertility fall below replacement for the youngest cohorts of US women?”, with the answer to this latter question depending on the extent to which decreases observed at early ages in these cohorts will or will not be offset by future increases at later ages.
Teaching and teachers in the Sahel countries by 2030: The need to innovate in the face of adversity
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Vinuesa Valérie
Published: August 2023

This article examines the educational and teacher-related policies in the Sahel region countries over the past decade and highlights main issues that hinder their ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The discrepancy between the current situation and the desired pace of change can be attributed to the lack of prioritization in educational and teaching policies. This article proposes an alternative approach, emphasizing the selection of a maximum of five objectives and providing the necessary means for their effective implementation. By adopting a focused approach, the Sahel region can make strides in overcoming educational challenges and aligning with the goals set for 2030.
Integrating Menominee model for sustainable forestry with Systems Thinking competency through 3D virtual tours
Authors: Nasr-Azadani Ellie , Smithwick Erica A. H. , Steidle Stuart J. , Lucash Melissa S. , Wardrop Denice H. , Fregien Nathan T. , Kenote Thomas R.
Published: August 2023

Sustainability competencies enable planners, the public, local communities, academics, and development practitioners to address environmental challenges, better envision the future and devise practical solutions. A key competency in this framework is Systems Thinking, allowing individuals to think comprehensively at different temporal and spatial scales. Among all interested groups, local and Indigenous communities play a significant role in preserving the sustainability of the natural environment and co-producing knowledge based on traditional ecological knowledge. Hence, new approaches are needed to integrate traditional ecological values into competency-based practices to articulate problems and related solutions. This project introduces place-based scenarios rooted in conventional forest management concerning two identified subsets of Bloom’s Taxonomy, Remembering and Understanding, including some competencies necessary for thinking systemically. Overall, 57 participants, including students and staff of the College of Menominee Nation and Menominee community members, in northeast Wisconsin, USA, randomly experienced two visual tools with the same information presented as either: a website with simple 2D images or a 3D virtual tour to investigate which visualization method can help better articulate systems, their components, and behaviors. Participants answered two kinds of questionnaires based on either cognitive mapping or reflection on place-based scenarios. The results show that 3D virtual tour users better demonstrated proficiency in Remembering and Understanding compared to users who experienced the 2D website. Our results thus highlight the potential for 3D virtual experiences to enable sustainability competencies. However, given the observed differences among age and educational groups, future visualization tools and associated research methods should attend to audiences’ competencies, preferences, and comfort, especially among older age groups.
Validation of forearm fracture diagnoses in administrative patient registers
Authors: Omsland Tone Kristin , Solberg Lene B. , Bjørnerem Åshild , Borgen Tove T. , Andreasen Camilla , Wisløff Torbjørn , Hagen Gunhild , Basso Trude , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Apalset Ellen M. , Figved Wender , Stutzer Jens M. , Nissen Frida I. , Hansen Ann K. , Joakimsen Ragnar M. , Figari Elisa , Peel Geoffrey , Rashid Ali A. , Khoshkhabari Jashar , Eriksen Erik F. , Nordsletten Lars , Frihagen Frede , Dahl Cecilie
Published: August 2023

The validity of forearm fracture diagnoses recorded in five Norwegian hospitals was investigated using image reports and medical records as gold standard. A relatively high completeness and correctness of the diagnoses was found. Algorithms used to define forearm fractures in administrative data should depend on study purpose.

Purpose

In Norway, forearm fractures are routinely recorded in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). However, these data have not been validated. Data from patient administrative systems (PAS) at hospitals are sent unabridged to NPR. By using data from PAS, we aimed to examine (1) the validity of the forearm fracture diagnoses and (2) the usefulness of washout periods, follow-up codes, and procedure codes to define incident forearm fracture cases.

Methods

This hospital-based validation study included women and men aged ≥ 19 years referred to five hospitals for treatment of a forearm fracture during selected periods in 2015. Administrative data for the ICD-10 forearm fracture code S52 (with all subgroups) in PAS and the medical records were reviewed. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) reports from examinations of forearms were reviewed independently and linked to the data from PAS. Sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated using image reports and/or review of medical records as gold standard.

Results

Among the 8482 reviewed image reports and medical records, 624 patients were identified with an incident forearm fracture during the study period. The sensitivity of PAS registrations was 90.4% (95% CI: 87.8–92.6). The PPV increased from 73.9% (95% CI: 70.6–77.0) in crude data to 90.5% (95% CI: 88.0–92.7) when using a washout period of 6 months. Using procedure codes and follow-up codes in addition to 6-months washout increased the PPV to 94.0%, but the sensitivity fell to 69.0%.

Conclusion

A relatively high sensitivity of forearm fracture diagnoses was found in PAS. PPV varied depending on the algorithms used to define cases. Choice of algorithm should therefore depend on study purposes. The results give useful measures of forearm fracture diagnoses from administrative patient registers. Depending on local coding practices and treatment pathways, we infer that the findings are relevant to other fracture diagnoses and registers.
Effect of exercise before and/or during taxane-containing chemotherapy treatment on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in women with breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brownson-Smith Rosiered , Orange Samuel T. , Cresti Nicola , Hunt Katherine , Saxton John , Temesi John
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To systematically review and meta-analyse the efficacy of exercise interventions delivered before and/or during taxane-containing chemotherapy regimens on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), in women with breast cancer.

Methods

Seven electronic databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the effects of exercise interventions in women with breast cancer receiving taxane-containing chemotherapeutic treatment. Meta-analyses evaluated the effects of exercise on CIPN symptoms, fatigue, and HR-QoL.

Results

Ten trials involving exercise interventions ranging between 2 and 12 months were included. The combined results of four RCTs consisting of 171 participants showed a reduction in CIPN symptoms following exercise compared with usual care (standardised mean difference − 0.71, 95% CI − 1.24 to − 0.17, p = 0.012; moderate-quality evidence, I
2 = 76.9%). Pooled results from six RCTs with 609 participants showed that exercise interventions before and/or during taxane-containing chemotherapy regimens improved HR-QoL (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.76, p = 0.03; moderate-quality evidence, I
2 = 49.6%). There was no evidence of an effect of exercise on fatigue (− 0.39, 95% CI − 0.95 to 0.18, p = 0.15; very low-quality evidence, I
2 = 90.1%).

Conclusions

This systematic review found reduced levels of CIPN symptoms and an improvement in HR-QoL in women with breast cancer who exercised before and/or during taxane-based chemotherapy versus usual care controls.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

This evidence supports the role of exercise as an adjunctive treatment for attenuating the adverse effects of taxane-containing chemotherapy on CIPN symptoms and HR-QoL.
EOG acquisition system based on ATmega AVR microcontroller
Authors: Abdel-Samei Abdel-Gawad A. , Shaaban Abdel-Salam , Brisha Ayman M. , El-Samie Fathi E. Abd , Ali Ahmed S.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a hardware and software of an electrooculogram (EOG) acquisition system based on ATmega AVR microcontroller for the acquisition of vertical and horizontal eye movements. The presented system is used to acquire a dataset of eye movements for volunteers. This system gives two channels representing vertical and horizontal EOG signals. The frequency range of the EOG signal is known to be 0.1 to 10 Hz, and hence this frequency range is isolated with a High-Pass Filter (HPF) with a cutoff frequency of 0.1 Hz followed by a Low-Pass Filter (LPF) with a cutoff frequency of 10 Hz. The EOG acquisition system is interfaced with an ATmega AVR microcontroller to acquire a dataset that can be used for controlling hardware such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), wheelchair, and robot arm. The presented system is composed of EOG signal acquisition, Ag/AgCl electrodes, analog-to-digital converter through Arduino Mega 2560 board microcontroller unit, trainer board, laptop, keypad, and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The eye movement is detected by measuring the potential difference between cornea and retina using five Ag–Agcl disposable electrodes. Different volunteers of different ages at different times have been treated with the presented system to obtain data. Classified vertical and horizontal EOG signals and the basic eye movements e.g., open eye, left, right, up, and down can be used to control robots and wheelchairs for rehabilitation purposes.
Statistical analysis of heat-induced rock physics and mineralogical alteration processes of monzogranite samples from Bátaapáti, Hungary
Authors: Németh Andor , Török Ákos
Published: August 2023

Heat-induced physical changes of rocks, as would happen in fire accidents, have crucial importance in the long-term stability of underground openings such as tunnels or radioactive waste disposal chambers. The thermal behaviour of monzogranite from the Radioactive waste repository of Bátaapáti (Hungary) was studied in that context. Room temperature (22 °C) and a series of high temperature (250 °C, 375 °C, 500 °C, 625 °C, 750 °C) heat-treated samples were tested. P and S- ultrasound pulse velocity, bulk density, Duroskop rebound, uniaxial compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity were measured and compared, detecting temperature-related changes. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Median tests were carried out to analyze the heat-induced rock mechanical and mineralogical alteration processes. Based on these results using the data set of physical parameters, it is possible to predict the heating temperature of granitic rocks when the firing or heat stress conditions are unknown. Additionally, the data could be utilized for design and monitoring systems in underground repositories or tunnel systems constructed in granitic rock settings globally. The study demonstrated that significant alteration occurs above 500 °C; all studied rock-mechanical parameters decreased rapidly. These changes are linked to the thermal expansion, micro-cracking in micro-fabric, and volumetric increase and fragmentation of quartz inversion. Consequently, the propagation velocities of P- and S-waves also decreased significantly. Bulk density and Duroskop surface strength significantly decreased above 375 °C, while uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity dropped drastically at 750 °C after a linear decrease.
Applied machine learning-based models for predicting the geomechanical parameters using logging data
Authors: Sanei Manouchehr , Ramezanzadeh Ahmad , Delavar Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2023

Geomechanical (GM) parameters play a significant role in geomechanical studies. The calculation of GM parameters by analyzing finite rock samples is very limited. The GM parameters show a nonlinear trend; thus, applying empirical relationships is unreliable to predict their quantities. Machine learning (ML) methods are generally used to improve the estimation of such parameters. Recent researches show that ML methods can be useful for estimating GM parameters, but it still requires analyzing different datasets, especially complex geological datasets, to emphasize the correctness of these methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a robust recombinant model of the ML methods, including genetic algorithm (GA)–multilayer perceptron (MLP) and genetic algorithm (GA)–radial basis function (RBF), to estimate GM parameters from a complex dataset. To build ML models, 48,370 data points from six wells in the complicated Norwegian Volve oil field are used to train GA–MLP and GA–RBF methods. Moreover, 20,730 independent data points from another three wells are used to verify the GM parameters. GA–MLP predicts GM parameters with the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.0032–00079 and coefficient determination (R2) of 0.996–0.999. It shows similar prediction accuracy when used to an unseen dataset. Comparing the results indicates that the GA–MLP model has better accuracy than the GA–RBF model. The results illustrate that both GA–MLP and GA–RBF methods perform better at estimating GM parameters compared to empirical relationships. Concerns about the integrity of the methods are indicated by assessing them on another three wells.
Perineural invasion in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical relevance
Authors: Wang Hao , Huo Ruixue , He Kexin , Cheng Li , Zhang Shan , Yu Minhao , Zhao Wei , Li Hui , Xue Junli
Published: August 2023

Background

In recent years, the significance of the nervous system in the tumor microenvironment has gained increasing attention. The bidirectional communication between nerves and cancer cells plays a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. Perineural invasion (PNI) occurs when tumor cells invade the nerve sheath and/or encircle more than 33% of the nerve circumference. PNI is a common feature in various malignancies and is associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, cancer-related pain, and unfavorable clinical outcomes. The colon and rectum are highly innervated organs, and accumulating studies support PNI as a histopathologic feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, it is essential to investigate the role of nerves in CRC and comprehend the mechanisms of PNI to impede tumor progression and improve patient survival.

Conclusion

This review elucidates the clinical significance of PNI, summarizes the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, introduces various experimental models suitable for studying PNI, and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting this phenomenon. By delving into the intricate interactions between nerves and tumor cells, we hope this review can provide valuable insights for the future development of CRC treatments.
Precision Nutrition to Improve Risk Factors of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Antwi Janet
Published: August 2023

Purpose of Review

Existing dietary and lifestyle interventions and recommendations, to improve the risk factors of obesity and type 2 diabetes with the target to mitigate this double global epidemic, have produced inconsistent results due to interpersonal variabilities in response to these conventional approaches, and inaccuracies in dietary assessment methods. Precision nutrition, an emerging strategy, tailors an individual’s key characteristics such as diet, phenotype, genotype, metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbiome for personalized dietary recommendations to optimize dietary response and health. Precision nutrition is suggested to be an alternative and potentially more effective strategy to improve dietary intake and prevention of obesity and chronic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize the current research and examine the state of the science regarding the effect of precision nutrition in improving the risk factors of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Recent Findings

The results of the research review indicate to a large extent significant evidence supporting the effectiveness of precision nutrition in improving the risk factors of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Deeper insights and further rigorous research into the diet-phenotype-genotype and interactions of other components of precision nutrition may enable this innovative approach to be adapted in health care and public health to the special needs of individuals.

Precision nutrition provides the strategy to make individualized dietary recommendations by integrating genetic, phenotypic, nutritional, lifestyle, medical, social, and other pertinent characteristics about individuals, as a means to address the challenges of generalized dietary recommendations. The evidence presented in this review shows that precision nutrition markedly improves risk factors of obesity and type 2 diabetes, particularly behavior change.
Fish stories between past and future: competing and complementary heritage imaginaries in the Northeast Adriatic
Authors: Rogelja Caf Nataša , Bofulin Martina , Pipan Primož
Published: August 2023

The article addresses the topic of coastal transformations through the lens of the critical heritage approach. It focuses on fish as a vehicle to assess how heritage as a particular type of imaginary and discourse conveys the social, cultural, political and economic transformations of the area. The two fish chosen to represent the heritage imaginaries in the Northeast Adriatic Bay of Piran are the wild mullet and farmed seabass. Both species are seen as local but each in its particular way. Mullet has acquired a local status by appearing annually in the Bay of Piran where local traditions developed around its catch. Farmed seabass became local through the process of domestication after it traversed large distances across the land to arrive in the Bay’s meshed cages. Through detailed ethnographies and textual and visual discourse analysis, the authors find an array of competing and complementary heritage imaginaries surrounding both fish. These imaginaries highlight frictions as a central part of the present-day life on the coast as well as unease about the future, and can be discerned in the tense relation between fishing and mariculture, the competing ideologies of the local, national and the global and the disappearance of previous ways of life in the face of rapid coastal transformation.
Estuarine territorialization and the port of Hamburg
Authors: Hein Jonas , Hilder Nils
Published: August 2023

The port of Hamburg is the third-largest port in Europe and located approximately 120 km from the North Sea in the inner delta of the vast Elbe estuary. The foundation, expansion, and maintenance of Hamburg’s port required the reconfiguration of the estuary and its inner delta. Dredging and reclamation have transformed aquatic spaces and provided the material framework conditions for shipping and port industry. We build our contribution on an analysis of contemporary and historical documents, newspaper articles, and qualitative interviews, focusing on the metabolism of territorialization and protests against port expansion. Conceptually, we formulate a political ecology of estuarine territorialization and show how the materiality and the tidal-fuelled power of the Elbe estuary and constant dredging produce a specific form of territoriality, which is itself dynamic and in constant change, reflecting power dynamics within society and among humans and the estuary.
Ambient temperature and kidney function in primary care patients
Authors: Schietzel Simeon , Zechmann Stefan , Valeri Fabio , Staudinger Maria , Cippà Pietro , Seibert Jan , Senn Oliver , Seeger Harald
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Exposure to high ambient temperatures is associated with a risk of acute kidney injury. However, evidence comes from emergency departments or extreme weather exposures. It is unclear whether temperature-related adverse kidney outcomes can also be detected at a community level in a temperate climate zone.

Methods

In a 9.5-year retrospective cohort study we correlated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values of Swiss adult primary care patients from the FIRE cohort (Family medicine Research using Electronic medical records) with same-day maximum local ambient temperature data. We investigated 5 temperature groups (< 15 °C, 15–19 °C, 20–24 °C, 25–29 °C and  ≥ 30 °C) as well as possible interactions for patients with increased kidney vulnerability (chronic heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, therapy with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system (RAAS) inhibitors, diuretics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

Results

We included 18,000 primary care patients who altogether provided 132,176 creatinine measurements. In the unadjusted analysis, higher ambient temperatures were associated with lower eGFR across all age and vulnerability groups. In the adjusted models, we did not find a consistent association.The highest ambient temperature differences (> 25 or > 30 versus < 15 °C) were associated with marginally reduced kidney function only in patients with ≥ 3 risk factors for kidney vulnerability, with a maximum estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction of −2.9 ml/min/1.73m2 (SE 1.0), P 0.003.

Discussion

In a large primary care cohort from a temperate climate zone, we did not find an association between ambient temperatures and kidney function. A marginal inverse association in highly vulnerable patients is of unclear clinical relevance.

Graphical abstract
Comparing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Other Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Wang Carol Sheei-Meei , Chang Wei-Hung , Yang Yen-Kuang , Cheng Kuo-Sheng
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Identifying the effective treatments for diseases has been a critical issue in daily clinical practice, especially for Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Abundant evidence showed that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has the potential to slow or reverse cognitive function decline. Among them, the transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) would be relatively safe for patients with AD. The purpose of this study was to review the relevant articles to explore the mechanism and effect of tDCS and other NIBS in AD treatment.

Methods

All the reported works were retrieved from two databases (i.e., PubMed and Google Scholar) by using the keywords “NIBS” and “AD”. The mechanisms and effects of different NIBS applied in AD, including transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), transcranial near-infrared (tNIR) light therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial electric stimulation (TES) were reviewed.

Results

The positive effects of TUS and tNIR on AD were supported by a few small samples and uncontrolled pilot studies. tDCS and repetitive TMS have been often used in an attempt to improve the cognition in people with brain disorders. Both the tDCS and TMS have benefits in AD by introducing long-term potentiation like change in synaptic strength. The reports showed that tDCS could be more safe, convenient, affordable, and well-tolerated method among all applications for AD treatment.

Conclusion

In this review, it was shown that all the NIBS have positive effects on AD treatment. But, however, tDCS showed the great potential in improving the cognition of AD.
Addressing a Counterproductive Dichotomy in the Energy Transition Debate
Authors: Raugei Marco
Published: August 2023

There appears to be growing polarization in a large swath of the recent scientific literature on the renewable energy transition, where two opposed “camps” may be identified, i.e. that of the “systemic pessimists”, who champion the broad concepts of carrying capacity and the limits to growth, but often harbour what appears to be pre-conceived scepticism towards renewable energies, and that of the “technological optimists”, who instead typically focus more narrowly on the immediate goal of phasing out fossil fuels, and see great potential for renewable energies to achieve that, but often fail to address other issues of ultimate planetary limits. It is argued here that this is a false dichotomy that is damaging to the reputation of both “camps”, and which risks devaluing and trivializing the most important question of all, namely how to achieve long-term sustainability. This paper calls for the rekindling of a more constructive debate that starts from the recognition that both sets of core arguments (respectively, those centred on the limits to growth and those pointing to the viability of renewable energies) are often simultaneously true, and which moves the goalposts further, to establish to which extent a more sustainable future is indeed possible, and which systemic changes (including, but not limited to, phasing out fossil fuels) will be required to achieve it.
Spillover of Social Norms at Work On Employees’ Self-Reported Private Sphere Pro-Environmental Behaviour: A Mixed Method Investigation
Authors: Jaich Hans , Jastram Sarah Margaretha , Blind Knut
Published: August 2023

This article draws on the Focus Theory of Normative Conduct to examine whether injunctive social norms relating to perceived environmental management practices shape employees’ self-reported pro-environmental behaviour in their private sphere. To test our hypotheses, we employed a mixed methods research approach that involved a cross-sectional analysis and a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental field study in the German tourist industry. Our results verify the context-bridging influence of perceived environmental management practices on employees’ self-reported private sphere pro-environmental behaviour. Further, they reveal that this relationship is partially mediated by descriptive social norms among co-workers. Thereby, our findings shed light on a thus far neglected dynamic between injunctive and descriptive social norms that constitutes a pathway for contextual spillover. Our study thus challenges the prominent proposition that the influence of injunctive social norms remains restricted to contexts in which the norm is currently salient. The results further develop existing theory by demonstrating how a dynamic interaction between injunctive and descriptive norms can support the emergence and dissemination of social norms across contexts and they reveal how businesses can shape this process.
“The pingdemic has been a greater challenge than Covid itself”: semantic prosodies in UK newspaper articles during the pandemic
Authors: Heaton Dan , Nichele Elena , Clos Jeremie , Fischer Joel E.
Published: August 2023

In July 2021, the UK recorded an increase in self-isolation notifications to the users of the NHS Covid-19 contact-tracing app. The term pingdemic was coined and used widely in the media to refer to this period of increased notifications. Whilst existing research on language evolution during Covid-19 focuses on the negative connotations of the term pandemic, little attention has been dedicated yet to the connotations of the term pingdemic. Thus, this study contributes a com- parison between the semantic prosody of pingdemic and its benchmark pandemic, through the corpus analysis of 628 UK printed newspaper articles, published during the peak in notifications to add to the increasing knowledge of how the pandemic evolved in the UK and how AI has had an impact on it. With the aid of the Sketch Engine, through the analysis of keywords, collocations and Word Sketch Difference visualisations, we found that pingdemic held a more negative semantic prosody than pandemic.
Literacies in the English classroom: leveraging and extending the linguistic repertoire of all students
Authors: Turner Marianne , Tour Ekaterina
Published: August 2023

In countries such as Australia, the bi/multilingual student demographic is increasing. Bi/multilingual students are commonly learning alongside monolingual students and also Indigenous and first-and-second-generation immigrant students who have a great range of exposure to heritage languages. In this article, we explore how literacies and language variation can be drawn together in order to support teachers’ navigation of linguistic diversity in the English classroom. More specifically, we discuss how linguistic variation can be an explicit focus, and how extending students’ linguistic repertoire can be an end in itself. If home language resources are solely considered to be a scaffold for standardised English language practices at school, or a way to transition students to English, they are not applicable to monolingual (in English) students nor students who have grown up speaking English as well as another home language. This orientation does not do justice to the learning potential related to linguistic diversity. We propose that the embedding of language variation in literacies and multimodality, digital multimodal composing in particular, is a way to address the intrinsic value of developing students’ linguistic repertoire as a whole.
Democracy and Empire
Authors: Valdez Inés
Published: August 2023

Democracy and Empire theorizes the material basis of popular sovereignty via the Black radical tradition. Popular sovereignty contains an affective attachment to wealth, secured through collective agreements to dominate others, i.e., self-and-other-determination. Inés Valdez expands on racial capitalism by theorizing its Anglo-European-based popular politics, which authorize capital accumulation enabled by empire and legitimated by racial ideologies. This stunts political projects in the Global South. Valdez masterfully outlines how social reproduction is provided by racialized others who sacrifice families and communities, and how the political alienation from nature in wealthy polities is mediated by technology and enabled by a joint devaluation of nature and manual labor performed by racialized others. The book concludes with a theorization of anti-imperial popular sovereignty based on political relations that encompass nature. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Algorithmic High-Dimensional Robust Statistics
Authors: Diakonikolas Ilias , Kane Daniel M.
Published: August 2023

Robust statistics is the study of designing estimators that perform well even when the dataset significantly deviates from the idealized modeling assumptions, such as in the presence of model misspecification or adversarial outliers in the dataset. The classical statistical theory, dating back to pioneering works by Tukey and Huber, characterizes the information-theoretic limits of robust estimation for most common problems. A recent line of work in computer science gave the first computationally efficient robust estimators in high dimensions for a range of learning tasks. This reference text for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in machine learning theory, provides an overview of recent developments in algorithmic high-dimensional robust statistics, presenting the underlying ideas in a clear and unified manner, while leveraging new perspectives on the developed techniques to provide streamlined proofs of these results. The most basic and illustrative results are analyzed in each chapter, while more tangential developments are explored in the exercises.
Slipping Loose
Authors: Westlake Martin
Published: August 2023

The 2016 Brexit referendum result has been portrayed as the consequence of various short-term phenomena: the financial crisis, austerity, migration and UKIP, to name a few. Overnight the political future of the UK took an unprecedented and unexpected turn against EU membership. Since then, the UK's government has been charting unknown waters in its negotiations to disentangle the United Kingdom from its membership and obligations to the European Union.

In this book, Martin Westlake argues that focus on the short-term, reflex action of the Brexit vote has overshadowed a series of longer-term trends that were inexorably leading, or pushing, the UK away from full membership of the European Union. He shows that the UK was an increasingly semi-detached member, requiring ever more elaborate and ingenious fixes with opt-outs and rebates to keep its involvement in the project. Rather than a sudden, impulsive act of rejection, Brexit should be seen as having taken place over a number of years at various levels: a gradual slipping of the ties that bound the country to the European Union.
Great Basin Survivance (USA): Challenges and Windfalls of the Neoglaciation / Late Holocene Dry Period (3100–1800 cal BP)
Authors: Thomas David Hurst , Rhode David , Millar Constance I. , Kennett Douglas J. , Harper Thomas K. , Mensing Scott
Published: August 2023

The Late Holocene Dry Period (LHDP) was a one-plus millennial megadrought (3100–1800 cal BP) that delivered challenges and windfalls to Indigenous communities of the central Great Basin (United States). New pollen and sedimentation rate studies, combined with existing tree-ring data, submerged stump ages, and lake-level evidence, demonstrate that the LHDP was the driest Great Basin climate within the last 6,000 years—more extreme than the well-known Medieval Climatic Anomaly. New evidence reported here documents that most Great Basin archaeological sites south of 40° N latitude were abandoned during the long dry phase of the LHDP (3100–2200 cal BP), sometimes reoccupied during a wet interval (2200–2000 cal BP), and abandoned again during the most extreme drought (2000–1800 cal BP). Even in the face of epic drought, this is a story of remarkable survivance by some people who adjusted to their drought-stricken landscape where they had lived for millennia. Some moved on, but other resilient foragers refused to abandon their homeland, taking advantage of glacier-fed mountain springs with cooler alpine temperatures and greater moisture retention at high altitude, a result of early Neoglaciation conditions across many Great Basin ranges, despite epic drought conditions in the lowlands.
Sincere or motivated? Partisan bias in advice-taking
Authors: Zhang Yunhao , Rand David G.
Published: August 2023

Political divisions have become a central feature of modern life. Here, we ask whether these divisions affect advice-taking from co- and counter-partisans in a nonpolitical context. In an incentivized task assessing the accuracy of nonpolitical news headlines, we find partisan bias in advice-taking: Democratic participants are less swayed by (accurate) information that comes from Republicans compared to the same information from Democrats (Republican participants display no such bias). We then adjudicate between two possible mechanisms for this biased advice-taking: a preference-based account, where participants are motivated to take less advice from counter-partisans because doing so is unpleasant; versus a belief-based account, where participants sincerely believe co-partisans are more competent at the task (even though this belief is incorrect). To do so, we examine the impact of a substantial increase in the stakes, which should increase accuracy motivations (and thereby reduce the relative impact of partisan motivations). We find that increasing the stakes does not reduce biased advice-taking, hence no evidence to support the bias is driven by preference. Consistent with the belief-based account, we find that Democratic participants (incorrectly) believe their co-partisans are better at the task, and this incorrect belief is much less severe among Republican participants. Further supporting the notion that the stated beliefs are sincere, raising the stakes of the belief elicitation of relative partisan competence does not affect the stated beliefs. Finally, participants—instead of ignoring the feedback—actually substantially update in favor of their counter-partisans given feedback that suggests counter-partisans are competent.
Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Hiol Anne N. , von Hurst Pamela R. , Conlon Cathryn A. , Beck Kathryn L.
Published: August 2023

Protein intake, sources and distribution impact on muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass in older adults. However, it is less clear whether dietary protein influences muscle strength. Data were obtained from the Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study, a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating dietary patterns, cognitive function and metabolic syndrome in older adults aged 65–74 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-d food record and muscle strength using a handgrip strength dynamometer. After adjusting for confounders, in female older adults (n212), total protein intake (β= 0⋅22,P< 0⋅01); protein from dairy and eggs (β= 0⋅21,P= 0⋅03) and plant food sources (β= 0⋅60,P< 0⋅01); and frequently consuming at least 0⋅4 g/kg BW per meal (β= 0⋅08,P< 0⋅01) were associated with higher BMI-adjusted muscle strength. However, protein from meat and fish intake and the coefficient of variance of protein intake were not related to BMI-muscle strength in female older adults. No statistically significant associations were observed in male participants (n= 113). There may be sex differences when investigating associations between protein intake and muscle strength in older adults. Further research is needed to investigate these sex differences.
Emotion's Place in Labor History
Authors: Turk Katherine
Published: August 2023

Queer Career opens with a reflection on work's contradictions. While jobs impose discipline and mandate conformity, workers also hope to find fulfillment and express their individuality while on the clock. Labor force segmentation mirrors social disparities, but workplaces are also sites where diverse people converge and collaborate. The tensions in this abstracted meditation—between exploitation and authenticity, between domination and subjectivity—ground the book's historical analysis and shape the tools Margot Canaday brings to the job. There is much to say about Queer Career's interventions as a history of gender, sexuality, law, and social movements. Still, its most revelatory innovations are as a model of what Canaday terms “an affective labor history” (19).