bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crown Ether‐Based Ion Transporters in Bilayer Membranes
Authors: He Lei , Zhang Tianlong , Zhu Canhong , Yan Tengfei , Liu Junqiu
Published: February 2023

Bilayer membranes that enhance the stability of the cell are essential for cell survival, separating and protecting the interior of the cell from its external environment. Membrane‐based channel proteins are crucial for sustaining cellular activities. However, dysfunction of these proteins would induce serial channelopathies, which could be substituted by artificial ion channel analogs. Crown ethers (CEs) are widely studied in the area of artificial ion channels owing to their intrinsic host–guest interaction with different kinds of organic and inorganic ions. Other advantages such as lower price, chemical stability, and easier modification also make CE a research hotspot in the field of synthetic transmembrane nanopores. And numerous CEs‐based membrane‐active synthetic ion channels were designed and fabricated in the past decades. Herein, the recent progress of CEs‐based synthetic ion transporters has been comprehensively summarized in this review, including their design principles, functional mechanisms, controllable properties, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, this review has been concluded by discussing the future opportunities and challenges facing this research field. It is anticipated that this review could offer some inspiration for the future fabrication of novel CEs‐derived ion transporters with more advanced structures, properties, and practical applications.
Modularisierung in der Prozessindustrie – Bericht von der ACHEMA 2022
Authors: Markaj Artan , Reiche Leif-Thore , Neuendorf Laura , Oeing Jonas , Klose Anselm
Published: February 2023

Auf der ACHEMA 2022 wurden vielfältige Lösungen zur Modularisierung in der Prozessindustrie vorgestellt. In diesem Nachbericht werden insbesondere neue Bereiche der Modularisierung vorgestellt sowie Ergebnisse von Expertenbefragungen hinsichtlich der aktuellen und zukünftigen Herausforderungen der modularen Produktion beleuchtet. Obwohl in den letzten Jahren umfassende Fortschritte erzielt worden sind, stehen viele Unternehmen vor großen Herausforderungen, die nur in enger Zusammenarbeit von Modul‐ und Komponentenlieferanten, Anlagenbetreibern und Systemintegratoren sowie Anbietern von Automatisierungslösungen gemeistert werden können.
Removal of methylene blue and safranin orange pollutants from liquid effluents by soy residue
Authors: Natal Jean Paulo Silva , Cusioli Luis Fernando , Magalhães‐Ghiotto Grace Anne Vieira , Bergamasco Rosangela , Gomes Raquel Guttierres
Published: February 2023

Methylene blue and safranin orange dyes, which are used in the textile and pharmaceutical industries, can severely damage the environment and human health. This study investigated the use of okara residue as an alternative biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue and safranin orange dyes. Substantial amounts of okara residue are generated daily during the processing of soy milk in the agro‐industrial sector. Dye adsorption was not affected by pH. An adsorption study identified the optimal experimental conditions as: 298 K, 0.03 g of adsorbent in 30 mL of dye solution at a concentration of 50 mg L−1, and a contact time of 300 min for methylene blue dye, and 298 K, 0.02 g of adsorbent in 30 mL of dye solution at a concentration of 50 mg L−1, and a contact time of 200 min for safranin orange dye; the maximum adsorption capacities were 93.201 ± 0.01 and 184 592 ± 0.02 mg g−1, respectively. Okara has considerable advantages over other natural materials as an alternative for the treatment of industrial effluents. Because it is easily obtained and does not require any physicochemical treatment, adsorption does not require any specific operation temperature. In addition, okara exhibited a high adsorption capacity compared to other natural materials that require chemical and physical processing for adsorbent preparation.
Identification of Drug Metabolites with Infrared Ion Spectroscopy – Application to Midazolam in vitro Metabolism**
Authors: van Outersterp Rianne E. , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Lubin Arnaud , Cuyckens Filip , Oomens Jos
Published: February 2023

The identification of biotransformation products of drug compounds is a crucial step in drug development. Over the last decades, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) has become the method of choice for metabolite profiling because of its high sensitivity and selectivity. However, determining the full molecular structure of the detected metabolites, including the exact biotransformation site, remains challenging on the basis of MS alone. Here we explore infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) as a novel MS‐based method for the elucidation of metabolic pathways in drug metabolism research. Using the drug midazolam as an example, we identify several biotransformation products directly from an in vitro drug incubation sample. We show that IR spectra of the aglycone MS/MS fragment ions of glucuronide metabolites establish a direct link between detected phase I and phase II metabolites. Moreover, using quantum‐chemically computed IR spectra of candidate structures, we are able to assign the exact sites of biotransformation in absence of reference standards. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of IRIS for structural elucidation by identifying several ring‐opened midazolam derivatives formed in an acidic environment.
Environmental color interventions on a macro scale: Tactical urbanism and issues of global concern
Authors: O'Connor Zena
Published: February 2023

Color is a common design element in the built environment and is considered to have the capacity to elicit human response. In respect to environmental color interventions, outcomes tend to occur on a localized, microscale and relate to improving visual amenity, enhancing engagement and activation, and supporting initiatives relating to environmental visual literacy, wayfinding, orientation, and cultural diversity. Recently, a new type of color intervention has emerged. Relating to geopolitical issues of global concern, these occur on a “pop‐up” basis, carry a sense of immediacy, and relate to specific issues on a broader, crosscultural, macro scale. Falling under the category of tactical urbanism and representing a new form of environmental color intervention, this article identifies and documents two such interventions, both of which feature color as an integral element. In doing so, a secondary aim was to discuss the likely intended outcomes of these interventions. Adopting a case study methodology in tandem with a grounded theory qualitative approach, this investigation represents insight into this new form of environmental color intervention. Outcomes indicate that these interventions focus on communicating information aimed at initiating change on a global, macro scale. Future research will indicate the extent to which these aims are met.
Mechanism of the Early Catalytic Events in the Collagenolysis by Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1
Authors: Waheed Sodiq O. , Varghese Ann , DiCastri Isabella , Kaski Brenden , LaRouche Ciara , Fields Gregg B. , Karabencheva‐Christova Tatyana G.
Published: February 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Karabencheva‐Christova's group at Michigan Technological University. The images show the initially formed and the catalytically productive conformations of MMP‐1 complex with the Triple Helical Peptide (THP), the free energy profile connecting them as well as the coordination geometry of the catalytic zinc (II). The background shows the collagen macromolecule. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200649.
Applicability of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: A single Brazilian institution experience
Authors: Tokunaga Juliana Akemi Dornellas , de Peres Eduardo Augusto Souza , Camilo‐Junior Deolino João , Xavier‐Junior José Cândido Caldeira
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) emerged in 2015 as an attempt to establish protocols for a most appropriate follow‐up and treatment of patients with salivary gland lesions. Through fine needle aspiration (FNA), a safe and minimally invasive way to obtain cytological samples, the lesion is classified into one of the six categories, which have different risks of malignancy (ROM) and, therefore, different management.

Materials and Methods

FNA cytology procedures performed between January 2016 and June 2020 (54 months) at the Pathology Institute of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed by two pathologists with more than 5 years of experience. The ROM for each of the diagnostic categories was determines and compared with the ROM expected by the MSRSGC.

Results

A total of 99 FNA of salivary gland lesions were reviewed and retrospectively categorized. Histopathological follow‐up was available for 58 of 96 patients (60.42%). The patients age ranged from 23 to 98 years with the mean of 58.15 ± 15.29 years. The parotid gland was the most affected (81.82%). The average size of the lesions was 2.59 cm. The ROM for each category was 16.67%, 0%, 0%, 2.86%, 50%, 100%, 100%, respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first Brazilian study describing the application of the MSRSGC in the routine of a private Laboratory out of a cancer center service. Therefore, it is an effective method in the classification of salivary gland lesions, when associated with the MSRSGC, to determine the ROM and its appropriate treatment.
Two cases of esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma which achieved long‐term survival by endoscopic submucosal dissection and additional chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Morihisa Yoshiki , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Akamatsu Takuji , Nakano Shogo , Wakita Midori , Edagawa Takeya , Konishi Takafumi , Nakatani Yasuki , Yamashita Yukitaka
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report two rare basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) cases. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor‐like lesion and a biopsied specimen showed a finding suspected of BSCC in both cases. Both lesions underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection with en bloc resection, and long‐term survival was achieved using additional chemoradiotherapy. The standard treatment for BSCC has not been determined, and there are few reports of esophageal BSCC treated using endoscopic resection. Endoscopic submucosal dissection and additional chemoradiotherapy for superficial BSCC may be effective treatment options.
The effects of fresh mango consumption on gut health and microbiome – Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asuncion Pia , Liu Changqi , Castro Robert , Yon Viviana , Rosas Martin , Hooshmand Shirin , Kern Mark , Hong Mee Young
Published: February 2023

Some individual fruits have been widely researched for their effects on overall health and correlations with chronic diseases. The beneficial effects of mango supplementation on metabolic diseases have been detected. However, research into mango consumption on gut health, including the microbiome, is limited to processed mango preparations or peels. Our goal was to examine the effects of fresh mango consumption on the gut microbiome, gut permeability proteins, and bowel movement habits in overweight/obese individuals. In a 12‐week crossover design study, 27 participants consumed 100 kcal/day of either mangos or low‐fat cookies with a washout period of 4 weeks. The mango intervention showed higher Shannon–Wiener and Simpson alpha diversity indices of the microbiome than the low‐fat cookie intervention in week 4. Significant differences in beta diversity of the microbiome were found between diet interventions at week 12. Mango consumption increased the abundance of Prevotella maculosa, Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens, and Mogibacterium timidum while it decreased Prevotella copri. Low‐fat cookie intake increased Cyanobacterium aponinum and Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus and reduced Alloscardovia omnicolens. There were no significant differences in circulating gut permeability protein (ZO‐1, claudin‐2, and occludin) levels. There was a slight increase in the amount of bowel movement with mango consumption, but no significant findings for frequency, consistency, strain, pain, and constipation in bowel movement between trials. Given these results, it can be concluded that consumption of mango may have positive effects on the gut health, which may yield possible health benefits for chronic disease that deserve further study.
Understanding and Targeting the Endocannabinoid System with Activity‐Based Protein Profiling
Authors: Zhu Na , Janssen Antonius P. A. , van der Stelt Mario
Published: February 2023

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread modulatory system composed of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous signaling lipids termed endocannabinoids and the enzymes for the biosynthesis and degradation of these endocannabinoids. It plays a crucial role in diverse (patho)physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, neural development, synaptic plasticity, mood, food intake, and inflammation. Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis (e. g. NAPE‐PLD, DAGLs) and degradation (e. g. FAAH, MAGL) of endocannabinoids have attracted attention from both academia and industry due to their therapeutic potential. The discovery of selective inhibitors for these enzymes is important for functional assignment and biomedical applications. Activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a powerful technique, which to a large extend accelerated the development of selective inhibitors for ECS enzymes. This review summarizes the representative activity‐based probes (ABPs) and small molecular inhibitors developed in the past two decades for ECS enzymes and will discuss the biological discoveries attributed by the application of these small molecules.
Development and preliminary testing of a virtual reality measurement for assessing intake assessment skills
Authors: Lan Yu‐Ling , Chen Wan‐Lan , Wang Ying‐Fen , Chang Yuhsuan
Published: February 2023

Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) have been widely used in health care education to simultaneously assess knowledge, skill and attitude. Due to the high cost of running an OSCE, its application in professional psychology is still limited. To solve this problem, virtual standardised patient (VSP) implementations in creating psychology OSCEs can be a cost‐effective method for administering a psychology OSCE regularly. This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the VSP version of the Intake OSCE (VSP‐Intake OSCE) in measuring psychologists' psychological assessment competencies (PACs) from entry to early practice. The initial development of the VSP‐Intake OSCE contains a VSP station and a follow‐up written station to measure PACs when conducting an intake assessment. To administer the VSP station, we built a new VSP system that allows psychologists to interact with a VSP verbally. A sample of 36 participants, including 27 graduate students and nine psychologists, were recruited to examine the psychometric properties of the VSP‐Intake OSCE. As a newly developed instrument, the VSP‐Intake OSCE revealed good inter‐rater reliability and construct validity. We believe using VSP implementations to develop psychology OSCEs will be essential in promoting OSCE applications in professional psychology.
AdvanCE, a capsule endoscope delivery device, is effective in investigating a waterfall stomach
Authors: Miyaguchi Kazuya , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Imaeda Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

AdvanCE is a useful device in patients who cannot swallow capsule endoscopes, or when these remain in the patient's stomach without passing into the duodenum. A net or snare may be used to guide the capsule endoscope into the duodenum when the capsule endoscope becomes stuck in the stomach, but it may be difficult to guide the capsule into the duodenum in some cases, particularly in those of waterfall stomach. In such cases, AdvanCE is found to be an effective guidance tool.
Influence of cropland on resource selection by pronghorn
Authors: Opatz Anthony P. , Fulbright Timothy E. , Mizer Gary , DeYoung Randy W. , Conway Warren C. , Gray Shawn S. , Hewitt David G.
Published: February 2023

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are a grassland specialist that have experienced a >60% reduction in their historical range due to habitat fragmentation and encroachment of woody vegetation. Pronghorn populations are increasing in the Texas Panhandle despite conversion of grassland to cropland (27–43% of the regional landscape) and associated fragmentation. We hypothesized that pronghorn avoid cropland when selecting seasonal home ranges and avoid cropland within their home ranges. We captured 64 adult pronghorn of equal sex ratios in both the High Plains (n = 32) and Rolling Plains (n = 32) ecoregions of Texas, USA, during February 2017 and fitted them with iridium satellite global positioning system (GPS) collars. We collared 27 additional pronghorn in 2018 to account for mortalities and collar failures. We estimated resource selection functions for the High Plains and Rolling Plains populations using mixed‐effects logistic regression at the home range (second order) and within home range (third order) scales separately for each ecoregion and season (fawning, summer, rut, and winter). Our hypothesis that pronghorn avoid cropland was supported in the Rolling Plains ecoregion at the home range scale; otherwise, cropland was inconsistently and seasonally important in resource selection. Furthermore, pronghorn often avoided paved roads more strongly than cropland. At the home range scale during 2017–2019, female pronghorn in the High Plains selected cropland during rut and winter. Males exhibited weak selection for cropland during rut. Within home ranges in the High Plains, female pronghorn avoided cropland during fawning in 2017, during rut in 2017 and 2018, and during winter 2019 but selected areas closer to cropland in winter 2017 and fawning 2018. Males selected areas farther from cropland during all sampling dates in 2017 and winter 2019. Avoidance and selection of cropland within home ranges also varied among seasons and years in the Rolling Plains. Overall, pronghorn avoided cropland when selecting home ranges in the Rolling Plains and cropland was otherwise inconsistently and only seasonally important in resource selection at the home range and within home range scales. We speculate that loss of pronghorn habitat to cropland in the High Plains and Rolling Plains of Texas may outweigh temporary nutritional benefits from seasonal use of crops.
Ultrasonic Pin Placement for Resorbable Rigid Fixation of a Thyroid Cartilage Fracture
Authors: Gutierrez Claudia , Zaninovich Andrew , Vozzo Rebecca , Daniero James
Published: February 2023

Objective

To present the first use of an ultrasonic pin resorbable plate fixation system for rigid fixation of a laryngeal fracture.

Methods

Presentation of a 20‐year‐old male with a high velocity injury to his neck, via a lacrosse ball, resulting in a displaced laryngeal cartilage fracture.

Results

Intraoperatively, a Poly‐D, L‐Lactic Acid (PDLLA) polymer plate was contoured in‐situ, bridging the fracture, and secured with ultrasonically placed resorbable pins. He was extubated on post‐op day one and had return to vocal baseline one‐month post‐op.

Conclusion

Ultrasonic pin placement systems for resorbable rigid fixation of a thyroid cartilage fracture optimizes recovery of respiratory and phonatory functions. Laryngoscope, 133:1470–1472, 2023
Investigation of potential gender bias in the peer review system at Reproduction
Authors: Biolková Marie , Moore Tom , Schindler Karen , Swann Karl , Vail Andy , Flook Lindsay , Dick Helen , Fitzharris Greg , Price Christopher A. , Spears Norah
Published: February 2023

This study examined whether publication outcome was affected by the gender of author, handling associate editor (AE), or reviewer, and whether there was gender bias in reviewer selection, in the journal Reproduction. Analyses were carried out on 4289 original research manuscripts submitted to the journal between 2007 and 2019. Both female and male AEs appointed more male reviewers than female reviewers, but female AEs were significantly more likely to appoint female reviewers than male AEs were (p < 0.001). When examining the gender of either first or last author manuscripts, those with female authors that were reviewed by female reviewers received better scores than those with male authors that were reviewed by female reviewers (p < 0.05): where the reviewer was male, no such effect was observed. Acceptance rates of manuscripts were similar for both female and male authors, whether first or last, regardless of AE gender. Overall, there was no significant correlation between gender of first or last author, or of AE, on the likelihood of acceptance of a research paper. These data suggest no bias against female authors during the peer review process in this reproductive biology journal.
Large‐Area X‐Ray Scintillator Screen Based on Cesium Hafnium Chloride Microcrystals Films with High Sensitivity and Stability
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhou Yingchun , Chen Zhipeng , Niu Xiaowei , Wang Heyong , Jia Mochen , Xiao Jiawen , Chen Xu , Wu Di , Li Xinjian , Shi Zhifeng , Shan Chongxin
Published: February 2023

Lead‐halide perovskites have received extensive attention in X‐ray imaging applications recently. However, their poor stability, lead toxicity, and strong light self‐absorption seriously limit the commercial development. Here, we report a vacancy‐ordered Cs2HfCl6 double perovskite for scintillators applications. The Cs2HfCl6 microcrystals (MCs) are characterized by broadband blue emission with a large Stokes shift. Joined experimental‐theoretical characterizations reveal the highly localized charge distribution in Cs2HfCl6 and structural distortion of [HfCl6]2− octahedron in the excited state favor the formation of self‐trapped excitons (STEs), which contribute to the broadband emission. Benefiting from the radioluminescence of STEs with negligible self‐absorption, the light yield of Cs2HfCl6 scintillator reaches 21700 photons/MeV, and the detection limit is 55 nGyair s−1. Additionally, the Cs2HfCl6 scintillator exhibits extremely low hygroscopicity and good resistance to X‐ray irradiation. Further, a large‐area scintillator screen (20×20 cm2) is fabricated by combining scrape‐coating and soft‐pressing techniques, showing a spatial resolution of 11.2 lp mm−1. Given the high spatial resolution and fast light decay of this scintillator screen, static X‐ray imaging of bulky objects is realized, and dynamic X‐ray imaging of a rotating chopping fan is demonstrated without ghosting effects. These results demonstrate the great commercial promise of Cs2HfCl6 scintillation screens for indirect X‐ray detection.
A stability and numerical study of the solutions of a Timoshenko system with distributed delay
Authors: Nonato Carlos A. , Santos Manoel J. Dos , Avila Jorge A. J. , Raposo Carlos A.
Published: February 2023

In this work, we analyze the stability of the semigroup associated with a Timoshenko beam model with distributed delay in the rotation angle equation. We show that the type of stability resulting from the semigroup is directly related to some model coefficients, which constitute the velocities of the system's component equations. In the case of stability of the polynomial type, we prove that rate obtained is optimal. We conclude the work performing a numerical study of the solutions and their energies, associated to discrete system.
Cd2+ and Zn2+ Complexes with 2,4,6‐Tri(2‐pyridyl)‐s‐Triazine and Terephthalate for Rapid, High‐Capacity Adsorption of Congo Red
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Zhao Yongliang , Guo Ziyang , Zhou Dan , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Xueqiong , Chu Haibin
Published: February 2023

Three crystal complexes were designed and synthesised through the solvothermal method, with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions as the metal centres and 2,4,6‐tri(2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (TPTZ) and terephthalate (BDC2−) as the ligands. Their compositions were determined to be Cd(TPTZ)Cl2 (Cd‐MOF), {[Zn(TPTZ)(BDC)] ⋅ 3H2O}n (Zn‐MOF), and Cu2(PCA)2(BDC)(H2O)2 (Cu‐MOF) (PCA−=2‐pyridinium amide), respectively. Cd‐MOF can adsorb 90 % of Congo red (CR) in 10 s at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and CR removal was complete at 20 s over a wide pH range. The adsorption capacity for CR reached 1440 mg g−1 in 5 min. Selective adsorption was demonstrated in mixed dyes. The adsorption kinetic data agree well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The Temkin model was successfully used to evaluate the adsorption isotherms of CR on Cd‐MOF at room temperature, suggesting that adsorption occurs through a hybrid of monolayer and multilayer mechanisms.
The COVID Cash Transfer Study: The Impacts of a One‐Time Unconditional Cash Transfer on the Well‐Being of Families Receiving SNAP in Twelve States
Authors: Pilkauskas Natasha V. , Jacob Brian A. , Rhodes Elizabeth , Richard Katherine , Shaefer H. Luke
Published: February 2023

There is growing interest in the use of unconditional cash transfers as a means to alleviate poverty, yet little is known about the effects of such transfers in the U.S. This paper reports on the results of a randomized controlled study of a one‐time $1,000 unconditional cash transfer in May 2020 to families with low incomes in 12 U.S. states. The families were receiving, or had recently received, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits. We examine the impact of the cash transfer on five pre‐registered outcomes (material hardship, mental health, parenting, child behavior, partner relationships) and several secondary outcomes (hardship avoidance, consumption, employment, benefit use). We find no statistically significant effects (powered to detect effects of 0.09 standard deviations) of the cash transfer on any outcomes for the full sample. In pre‐specified exploratory analyses, we find significant reductions in material hardship (‐0.17 standard deviations) among families with less than $500 of earnings in the previous month, roughly the bottom 50 percent of monthly earnings for the study sample.
Making adaptive management more user friendly to encourage manager buy‐in
Authors: Kuiper Timothy , Ngwenya Nobesuthu , Kavhu Blessing , Mandisodza‐Chikerema Roseline , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane
Published: February 2023

Adaptive management, whereby monitoring is used to evaluate management interventions with uncertain outcomes, is theoretically well‐developed but poorly implemented. Previous work has identified several reasons for this, but there has been little direct investigation into the perceptions of on‐the‐ground managers (those ultimately responsible for adopting adaptive management).

We conducted interviews with nine protected area managers in the Mana–Sapi–Chewore World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe to understand their perspectives on, and extent of adoption of, adaptive management. We focused on how managers use ranger‐collected data on elephant poaching to inform their anti‐poaching strategies. To better understand drivers of adoption, we also interviewed 18 key informants either working with these managers or familiar with their work.

We found that while managers used ranger‐collected to guide patrol deployments, data use was basic, short term and reactive. We found little evidence of managers systematically analysing and learning from trends in data to inform anti‐poaching. Lack of buy‐in and ownership was a significant barrier to adoption of data‐based adaptive management. Managers did not see how the approach would help their work, felt that the costs of adoption outweighed the benefits, and were resistant to change from management based on intuition and experience (which they saw as more familiar and dependable).

We find strong parallels between drivers of adoption in our study and prominent theories of what affects technology and innovation adoption within organisations more generally. Looking beyond our case study, we contend that the ‘human’ dimension of adaptive management (manager buy‐in and organisational culture) has been under‐emphasised compared to technical fixes (like providing more resources and training). Our results highlight the difficulties of implementing adaptive management, rather than critiquing the concept itself.

Finally, we generalise our findings to develop a theory of change to promote greater manager buy‐in to adaptive management, drawing on principles from human‐centred design to ensure that solutions are sensitive to the priorities and decision‐making context of protected area managers.
Functional consequence and therapeutic targeting of cryptic ALK fusions in monosomy 7 acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Manselle Makia K. , Ries Rhonda E. , Hylkema Tiffany , Leonti Amanda , Kirkey Danielle C. , Furlan Scott N. , Meshinchi Soheil
Published: February 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have a wide array of cytogenetic and molecular aberrations, which can influence response to therapy. Monosomy 7 is a rare subset within pediatric AML (prevalence of <2%) that is highly associated with poor outcomes. Fusions involving the anaplastic tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene were exclusively identified in 14.3% of this high‐risk cohort, while absent across all other AML. Given the dismal outcomes of monosomy 7, we evaluated the use of crizotinib, an FDA‐approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat patients with ALK fusions. Our findings suggest that crizotinib may serve as a novel therapy for these patients.
Electronic screening for unmet social needs in a pediatric pulmonary clinic: Acceptability and associations with health outcomes
Authors: Oates Gabriela R. , Lock Lindsay , Tarn Valerie , Geurs Robin , Guimbellot Jennifer S. , Baker Elizabeth , Magruder Teresa
Published: February 2023

Background

Children with unmet basic needs experience worse health than more advantaged counterparts. There has been limited research on screening for unmet basic needs in pediatric subspecialty care.

Methods

Caregivers of established patients in pediatric asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) clinics were screened for unmet basic needs with an electronic survey, which asked about concerns and stress level (5‐point Likert scale) related to food, housing, transportation, health insurance, and childcare, among others. Medical record review provided patient demographic characteristics and clinical data. A follow‐up survey with the clinical providers assessed the acceptability of electronic screening for unmet needs.

Results

The sample included 214 pediatric patients (N = 105 asthma, N = 109 CF) and their caregivers. Most patients with asthma (76%) were Black, 30% in households with <$20,000 annual income. In contrast, most patients with CF (93%) were white, 12% in households with <$20,000 annual income. Reported needs included food insecurity (29% asthma and 17% CF), healthy food (75% asthma and 87% CF), financial insecurity (45% asthma and 32% CF), health insurance (15% asthma and 28% CF), smoke exposure (24% asthma and 28% CF), child's exercise (21% asthma and 28% CF), living conditions (18% asthma and 17% CF), childcare (11% asthma and 15% CF), transportation (16% asthma and 9% CF), and housing insecurity (10% asthma and 8% CF). Concerns were rated moderately to very stressful. Food insecurity, financial insecurity, and smoke exposure were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. In people with CF, concerns about health insurance and child exercise were significantly associated with lower lung function and increased odds of hospitalizations. Clinicians believed that screening was important and should be administered by a designated person on the clinical team.

Conclusions

Unmet basic needs and associated stress levels are linked to adverse pediatric pulmonary outcomes. Electronic screening, without face‐to‐face interaction or paper trail, facilitates high response rates and is easily integrated into clinic flow. Such screenings can identify vulnerable patients for targeted interventions and referral to available community resources.
AmiP from hyperthermophilic Thermus parvatiensis prophage is a thermoactive and ultrathermostable peptidoglycan lytic amidase
Authors: Jasilionis Andrius , Plotka Magdalena , Wang Lei , Dorawa Sebastian , Lange Joanna , Watzlawick Hildegard , van den Bergh Tom , Vroling Bas , Altenbuchner Josef , Kaczorowska Anna‐Karina , Pohl Ehmke , Kaczorowski Tadeusz , Nordberg Karlsson Eva , Freitag‐Pohl Stefanie
Published: February 2023

Bacteriophages encode a wide variety of cell wall disrupting enzymes that aid the viral escape in the final stages of infection. These lytic enzymes have accumulated notable interest due to their potential as novel antibacterials for infection treatment caused by multiple‐drug resistant bacteria. Here, the detailed functional and structural characterization of Thermus parvatiensis prophage peptidoglycan lytic amidase AmiP, a globular Amidase_3 type lytic enzyme adapted to high temperatures is presented. The sequence and structure comparison with homologous lytic amidases reveals the key adaptation traits that ensure the activity and stability of AmiP at high temperatures. The crystal structure determined at a resolution of 1.8 Å displays a compact α/β‐fold with multiple secondary structure elements omitted or shortened compared with protein structures of similar proteins. The functional characterization of AmiP demonstrates high efficiency of catalytic activity and broad substrate specificity toward thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria strains containing Orn‐type or DAP‐type peptidoglycan. The here presented AmiP constitutes the most thermoactive and ultrathermostable Amidase_3 type lytic enzyme biochemically characterized with a temperature optimum at 85°C. The extraordinary high melting temperature Tm 102.6°C confirms fold stability up to approximately 100°C. Furthermore, AmiP is shown to be more active over the alkaline pH range with pH optimum at pH 8.5 and tolerates NaCl up to 300 mM with the activity optimum at 25 mM NaCl. This set of beneficial characteristics suggests that AmiP can be further exploited in biotechnology.
Bandgap Change in Short‐Period InN/AlN Superlattices Induced by Lattice Strain
Authors: Kawamura Takahiro , Basaki Kouhei , Korei Akito , Akiyama Toru , Kangawa Yoshihiro
Published: February 2023

III–V GaN‐based nitride semiconductors have attracted interest because their bandgaps can be tuned by constructing alloys and superlattices, and by applying lattice strain. Herein, the influence of uniaxial and equibiaxial strains on the bandgaps of short‐period InN/AlN superlattices is examined using first‐principles calculations. For the uniaxial strain, the bandgaps change in the same manner when the superlattices are strained in the a‐ and m‐axis directions; however, the bandgaps change in a different manner when the superlattices are strained in the c‐axis direction. Even when equibiaxial strain is applied, the change in bandgap depends on the direction in which the strain is applied.
Pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Comparison of changes in hemodynamics and functional capacity
Authors: Ravnestad Håvard , Andersen Rune , Birkeland Sigurd , Svalebjørg Morten , Lingaas Per Snorre , Gude Einar , Gullestad Lars , Kvitting John‐Peder Escobar , Broch Kaspar , Andreassen Arne K.
Published: February 2023

The treatment of choice for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an emerging option for inoperable patients. Comparisons of the hemodynamic and functional outcome between these treatments are scarce. In this single‐center observational cohort study, we compared hemodynamics by right heart catheterization and peak oxygen consumption before and 5 months (±14 days) after either PEA or BPA. Comprehensive evaluation and selection for PEA or BPA was performed by an expert CTEPH team. Fourty‐two and fourty consecutive patients were treated with PEA or BPA, respectively. Demographics were similar between groups. Both PEA and BPA significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 46 ± 11 mmHg at baseline to 28 ± 13 mmHg at follow‐up; p < 0.001 and from 43 ± 12 mmHg to 31 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (from 686 ± 347 dyn s cm−5 at baseline to 281 ± 197 dyn s cm−5 at follow‐up; p < 0.001 and from 544 ± 322 dyn s cm−5 to 338 ± 180 dyn s cm−5; p < 0.001), with significantly lower reductions for both parameters in the former group. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed no significant between group differences in exercise capacity. Diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide at baseline was the only follow‐up predictor for peak VO2. In our study, PEA reduced pulmonary pressures more than BPA did, but similar improvements were observed for exercise capacity. Thus, while long term data after BPA is lacking, BPA treated CTEPH patients can expect physical gains in line with PEA.
Profiling aromatic constituents of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf granule using mass spectrometry
Authors: Zou Mailing , Yang Shanzheng , Wang Yongping , Yang Weiran , Lai Changjiangsheng , Huang Luqi , Chen Jinlong
Published: February 2023

Rationale

The chemical constituents of Chinese patent medicine are usually different from those of crude medicine because of specific preparation processes. Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf granule is widely used for prevention against COVID‐19 in China. However, no research has been reported on the chemical constituents of the granule and their variation during the preparation process.

Methods

Fragmentation patterns of reference compounds were investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the new gas‐phase reaction was demonstrated by electronic and steric effects and calculated chemistry. Then, a strategy based on new fragmentation patterns was used to profile aromatic constituents. In addition, based on untargeted metabolomics analytical workflow, a comparison was made on the chemical constituents of the leaf and granule.

Results

New fragmentation patterns related to two competing reactions, ring‐opening and ring‐closing reactions for coumarin, have been proposed and investigated in depth. The newly established diagnostic ion at m/z 81.0331 worked strongly in the assignment of OH‐7 and substituent at C‐8 of coumarin. McLafferty rearrangement occurring in coumarin glycoside while sugar group locating at C‐4 was first observed, and new diagnostic ions at m/z 147.0440, 119.0488, and 91.0543 were constructed.

Conclusions

Aromatic constituents of the granule were first profiled. A total of 114 aromatic compounds were identified; of these 85 compounds were identified first. Kaempferol‐7‐O‐neohesperidoside and its homologues were mostly enriched in the granule. Considering their reported bioactivities, these analogues possibly contribute greatly to clinical efficacy. Our results provided a new fragmentation theory for coumarins and a new material basis for the quality control of the granule.
A review of the methodological characteristics of vocabulary interventions for emergent bilinguals in preschool to sixth grade
Authors: Bengochea Alain , Sembiante Sabrina F.
Published: February 2023

Vocabulary is foundational for reading and strongly linked to emergent bilingual (EB) students' academic achievement. Given the few syntheses on vocabulary interventions that are focused on emergent bilinguals, this literature review appraises the existing research and thoroughly accounts for methodological characteristics across studies relating to sample, treatment, and outcomes. We further investigate vocabulary teaching approaches that elicit positive vocabulary outcomes for preschool through to sixth grade EBs. Relevant intervention studies were identified and analysed for the study's sample, measure, and treatment characteristics as well as significant intervention outcomes. Analyses reveal that for sample characteristics there was a large amount of non‐reported information and a predominance of homogeneous, Spanish‐speaking, low second language proficiency sampling. For measurement characteristics, studies emphasised decontextualised and breadth of vocabulary knowledge as well as receptive vocabulary knowledge through oral responses. Patterns in treatment characteristics showed a prominence of unaligned treatment conditions, few investigations of home language support on EBs' vocabulary outcomes, and effectiveness of balanced approaches. Future research should build on effective balanced approaches and explore closer aligned comparison conditions with greater use of EBs' home languages. Practitioners should provide holistic vocabulary instruction for EBs that incorporates home language support, multimedia support during reading, and independent reading, all of which should provide extended and repeated vocabulary exposure.
Underwater UXO detection using magnetometry on hovering AUVs
Authors: Seidel Marc , Frey Torsten , Greinert Jens
Published: February 2023

The EU‐funded project BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data inTegration and AI workflows, http://www.basta-munition.eu) aimed at improving underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection approaches and advancing data acquisition techniques. One aspect of the project was performing autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)‐based magnetic measurements. In this paper, we present the first results of integrating three submersible fluxgate magnetometers to a Girona 500 AUV in the context of underwater UXO detection. The hovering capabilities of these AUVs allow them to maintain a fixed position or to precisely navigate at very low velocities and altitudes. The magnetic sensors are rigidly attached to the nose of the AUV at a lateral distance of 2 m and are arranged in the shape of a vertical triangle, thereby allowing for the calculation of three spatial magnetic gradients. A series of surveys was performed when visiting several munitions dumpsites in the German Baltic Sea. Furthermore, we successfully conducted a test survey with surrogate objects of known magnetic moments in a naval port basin in Kiel, Germany. With a noise floor of approximately 2 nT, the system is capable of reliably detecting munitions similar in size to 81 mm shells from altitudes of 1 m above the seafloor. For ground‐truthing purposes and for a concluding confirmation or rejection of a UXO suspicion, the AUV is equipped with a high‐resolution camera system. This newly developed system aims at improving the industry standard's technical potentials of autonomously discriminating between hazardous UXO and anthropogenic debris or rocks and therefore reducing the number of target points before underwater UXO clearance campaigns.
A practical method for the deformation of long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators in grasping‐handling tasks
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhang Xin , Liu Jinguo
Published: February 2023

Long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators are utilized in various grasping‐handling tasks, and the flexible deformation of these manipulators is the primary obstacle that affects precise position control of the end‐effectors in Cartesian space. This deformation is manifested in the following three aspects: joint deformation, structural deformation and clearance variation. Due to deformation uncertainty, methods that model the hydraulic manipulator as a combination of flexible multibody systems and hydraulic actuators are unsuitable. In this article, we propose an incremental inverse kinematics model (IIKM) as a new approach to solving the above deformation difficulties. The projection method is used to obtain the inverse kinematic analytical solution of long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators, which is based on the manipulator deformation in the current configuration (current configuration refers to the arrangement of the manipulator links when the manipulator starts to move to the target position). The proposed method avoids complex flexible multibody modeling and parameter identification, allowing long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators to be accurately controlled within a certain neighborhood. An evaluation coefficient is proposed to analyze the calculation accuracy of the IIKM in combination with the success rate obtained from 190 grasping experiments. Through these experiments, we determine the optimal calculation height range of the IIKM in the vertical direction and the optimal calculation position area in the horizontal direction and prove that the IIKM result can guarantee the success of grasping‐handling tasks when the end‐effector is within the optimal calculation height range.
Tuning anatase to rutile ratio in nanocrystalline titania enriched from sustainable beach sand from Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Oishy , Bashar Muhammad Shahriar , Tofail Syed A. M. , Haq Ehtsham Ul , Gulshan Fahmida
Published: February 2023

A sustainable source of titania (TiO2) is important in applications of photovoltaic devices, photocatalysts, sensors, and so forth. Beach sand from Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, can be an excellent sustainable source of this titania as almost a quarter of it contains titania in the form of rutile and ilmenite. This study demonstrates the success of a sulfuric acid‐based hydrometallurgical process in enriching titania in Cox's Bazar beach sand. The route produces precursors that can be conveniently calcined into nanocrystalline phase‐pure anatase or anatase/rutile composites. We used both bulk and surface characterization to determine phase purity, crystallite size as well as surface chemistry, and morphology of the resulting anatase and rutile/anatase mixture. The proportion of anatase/rutile can be tuned by varying digestion times. This hydrometallurgical route can potentially lead to the scalable production of precursors used in producing high‐performance nanocrystalline titania from a sustainable source of beach sand from Cox's Bazar of Bangladesh.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Based Composites for Efficient Sequestration of Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs)
Authors: Solanki Swati , Prakash Nair Pravesh , Saxena Reena , Singh Rachana
Published: February 2023

The uncontrolled utilization of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) has resulted in substantial environmental issues globally, that pose significant threat to human health. As a result, effective sequestration of these OPPs has taken into consideration by several researchers and environmental scientists. In this context, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted a lot of attention in the field of adsorption due to their superabundant attachment sites, easy functionalization process, strong stability, tunable pore size, and rich topology. Therefore, the present review critically summarizes MOF based adsorbents such as pristine, functionalized, composites, and MOF‐derived materials along with the choice of precise linkers for the preparation of MOFs. Functionalizing agent used to achieve maximum adsorption by MOF is extensively explored. Possible mechanism, major interaction pathway for the mitigation of OPPs has also been focused. Finally, development of effective MOFs for successful implementation is recommended, along with future prospects for large‐scale applications.
Nanohybrids: A Burgeoning Need to Cater C−C and C−O Bonds Building in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Anku Kumar , Singh Anurag , Routray Sampurna , Kar Ankita , Kumar Das Vijay
Published: February 2023

Nanohybrids (NHs) based on the conjugation of multiple carbonaceous nanomaterials and metal/metal oxides, are emerging as important photocatalysts of 21st century and have tremendous future scopes. Overcoating one material on top of another in NHs improves performance and multifunctionality growth for a wide range of catalytic applications in organic transformations. The catalytic activity of NHs brings a phenomenal change towards various organic synthetic reactions to improve their selectivity, productivity and yield. Thus, with the background of this context, the current review covers the state of art literature up to July 2022 and brings a comprehensive discussion on the entitled subject matter. As emphasized in this review, the application of heterogeneous NHs for common organic reactions has been confirmed to be a successful tactic for the growth of extremely resourceful conversions in terms of atom economy, atom efficiency E‐factor and selectivity. It also highlights the extensive and critical aspects to explore the catalytic prospects and challenges of NHs from obscurity to eminence.