bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robotic Assist and Virtual Surgical Planning in Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Abrishami Mehdi , Pourabdolah Fatemeh , Dalvandi Behnaz , Dalvandi Reza , Sarrafan Negar , Noorizadeh Sara , Etezadinia Alireza , Negargar Sahar
Published: December 2024

Orthognathic surgery, critical for correcting jaw deformities and improving facial function and aesthetics, has undergone transformative changes with the introduction of robotic assistance and Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP). These technologies have revolutionized the field by enhancing precision, reducing operative times, and enabling more predictable surgical outcomes. Robotic systems, including the Da Vinci® and ROSA® platforms, provide sub-millimeter precision in osteotomies, while VSP enables comprehensive preoperative planning by integrating advanced 3D imaging and simulation techniques. Together, these technologies provide an unparalleled level of control and precision in surgical procedures, significantly enhancing patient outcomes. Major advancements in the field include the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into surgical planning, which allows for better prediction of postoperative outcomes and real-time adjustments during surgery. Augmented reality is also gaining traction as a tool for intraoperative guidance, further enhancing the precision of robotic-assisted procedures. Emerging technologies such as haptic feedback systems and next-generation robotic arms hold promise for even greater improvements in surgical accuracy and efficiency. The relevance of these technologies to clinical practice is profound. By reducing complications, enhancing accuracy, and improving both functional and aesthetic results, robotic assistance and VSP are redefining standards in orthognathic surgery. However, barriers related to cost, surgeon training, and infrastructure must be addressed to enable the widespread adoption of these technologies. Future research should focus on validating these technologies in large-scale clinical trials and assessing their long-term benefits and cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, the integration of these cutting-edge technologies has the potential to revolutionize orthognathic surgery, making it safer, more efficient, and more personalized for patients.
Egzersiz ve Psikolojik Savaş: Bağımlılık, Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Güleşce Mesut , İlhan Ekrem Levent
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırma, düzenli olarak egzersiz yapan bireylerin, egzersize yönelik bağımlılık, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Türkiye'deki çeşitli fitness merkezlerinde egzersiz yapan 256 kadın, 291 erkek toplamda 547 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, spor geçmişi, fiziksel görünümlerinden memnuniyet, eğitim durumu ve haftalık egzersiz saati gibi değişkenleri içermektedir. Veri toplama araçları olarak Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (EBÖ) ve Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği (DASS-42) kullanılmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 26.0 programı kullanılarak betimleyici istatistikler, korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, egzersiz bağımlılığı ile depresyon ve anksiyete arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadığını, ancak stres ile pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Demografik değişkenler incelendiğinde, cinsiyetin depresyon, anksiyete ve stres üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken, yaşın anksiyete ve stres üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ilişki durumu ve fiziksel görünümden memnuniyet gibi faktörlerin stres üzerinde anlamlı negatif etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Egzersiz bağımlılığının psikolojik sağlık üzerinde karmaşık etkiler yaratabileceği ve bu konuda daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
ESTUDO DAS ALTERNATIVAS PARA O COMBATE AO HIV/AIDS
Authors: Beserra de Andrade Itamar , Soares Brito da Luz João , Ramos Cavalcanti Danilo , Barros Dantas Heloisa
Published: December 2024

Desde o isolamento do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em 1983, grandes progressos foram alcançados pela comunidade científica, porém os estudos que visam à cura e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos portadores ainda continuam sendo um desafio. Atualmente a inovação está apoiada em estratégias no desenvolvimento de vacinas, imunotoxinas seletivas, anticorpos amplamente específicos, estímulo às células T CD8+ citotóxicas, formas de se exterminar os reservatórios virais latentes, dentre outros. Este trabalho trata-se de uma revisão narrativa com base emlivros e artigos científicos disponibilizados no Pubmed e Google Acadêmico que tem como objetivo desenvolver um resumo significativo de algumas das estratégias e linhas de pesquisas com resultados promissores que visam à cura da infecção pelo HIV. Como resultado foram abordados os anticorpos amplamente neutralizantes (bNAbs), as imunotoxinas, a estratégia de choque e morte, exemplos de imunoterapia e a terapia gênica.
METABOLIC SYNDROME INDUCED BY FRUCTOSE IN ADOLESCENCE: A REVIEW
Authors: Da Silva Vieira Sandra , Arcardi Guimarães Ana Paula , Andrade Guimarães Andrea , De Freitas Mathias Paulo Cezar
Published: December 2024

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a set of metabolic disorders such as abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The factors that contribute to development of metabolic syndrome are the sedentary lifestyle, high consumption of diets high in fats and carbohydrates, such as fructose. The literature has shown the fructose consumption by adolescents is increasing. The main cause is the consumption of sucrose and High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) that produce glucose and fructose at high doses (55% fructose and 42% glucose). The liver is the main organ of fructose metabolism. In this organ, fructose induces lipogenic precursor production, such as acetyl-coA, leading to a high triglycerides and fat synthesis. This process causes fat deposition in the liver, developing hepatic steatosis and also central and peripheral insulin resistance both in adults and adolescents. On intestine, fructose is not immediately absorbed, interacting with the intestinal microbiota and changing it. In high levels of glucose conditions, non-insulin-dependent tissues such as nerve tissue, lense and erythrocytes can activate the polyol pathway and induce endogenous fructose production. That observation was obtained during adolescence and adult life. On adipose tissue, the metabolism of fructose in adipocyte results in generation of precursors of fatty acid synthesis, expression of GLUT-5 transporters in adipocyte plasma membrane and greater expression of enzyme responsible that contribute to glucocorticoids production, 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11-HSD1). On pancreas, high fructose diet showed an increase in markers of stress in endoplasmic reticulum both in pancreas and in liver at the level of mRNAs and enzymes. On brain, fructose alters some functions related to hippocampal plasticity. This review focus on the effect of diet enriched by fructose in adolescence, that causes metabolic dysfunction in different tissues, characterizing the early metabolic syndrome.
المجتمع المدني في فترة الإنتقال الديمقراطي في السودان، ٢٠١٩–٢٠٢١
Authors: مدني مدني عباس
Published: December 2024

هذا التقرير تم إنجازه بواسطة مدني عباس مدني، والذي له تاريخ طويل وغني مع المجتمع المدني في السودان، وساهم بقدر عالٍ في تصميم مسار المرحلة الانتقالية في السودان (٢٠١٩–٢٠٢١). ويهدف هذا التقرير الى رصد دور المجتمع السوداني بكل مكوناته في التحول الديمقراطي في السودان، ويغطي مشاركة المجتمع المدني في كل إجراءات التحول الديمقراطي، بما في ذلك تطور الحركة المدنية المستقلة في السودان قبل وبعد ثورة ديسمبر ٢٠١٨، والمجموعات الحديثة التي نشأت في سياق ذلك التطور، كما يغطي دور المجتمع المدني في قيادة المفاوضات في بناء السلام، والاصلاحات القانونية والسياسية.

هدفت المؤسسة الدولية للديمقراطية والإنتخابات من إنجاز ونشر هذا التقرير، أن تفيد الباحثين والنشطاء الحقوقيين من خلال توثيق دور المجتمع المدني في هذه المرحلة التاريخية الهامة وكذلك بان تفيد قيادات المجتمع المدني وصانعي السياسات في مختلف المستويات، بالتحليل العلمي والموضوعي الذي يبين مواطن النجاحات والقصور في مسيرة المجتمع المدني خلال الانتقالات السياسية في السودان. قدم التقرير مجموعة من التوصيات العملية والقابلة للتنفيذ والتي من شأنها أن تسهم في تحسين مقدرات المجتمع المدني في إنجاز مهامها في الانتقال السياسي الديمقراطي في السودان.
YABANCI UYRUKLULARA EĞİTİM VEREN ÖĞRETMENLERİN MANEVİ VE İNSANİ DEĞERLERİ
Authors: Kahraman Mehmet , Ulusoy Muhammet Aykuthan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıfında yabancı uyruklu öğrenci bulunan sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin manevi ve insani değerleri incelenmesidir. Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerden kasıt, ülkelerinde meydana gelen iç savaşın ardından Türkiye’ye sığınmış ve geçici koruma statüsünde bulunan Suriye uyruklu öğrencilerdir. Tarama yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın çalışma grubunu Gaziantep ili Şehitkamil ve Şahinbey ilçesindeki ortaokullarda görev yapan sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu ve Güneş (2015) tarafından geliştirilen manevi insani değerler ölçeği (MİDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulguların analizi neticesinde çalışmaya katılan öğretmenlerin cinsiyetleri ile MİDÖ puanları arasında kadın öğretmenler lehinde anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin muhatap olduğu sınıflardaki yabancı uyruklu öğrenci sayısı arttıkça MİDÖ puanlarında azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lisansüstü eğitim alan, değerler eğitimi ile alakalı kitap okuyan ve değerler eğitimi ile ilgili hizmetiçi eğitim alan öğretmenlerin MİDÖ puanları lisansüstü eğitim almayan, değerler eğitimi kapsamında kitap okumamış olan ve değerler eğitimi ile ilgili hizmetiçi eğitime katılmamış öğretmenlere göre daha yüksektir. Yabancı uyrukluların gidip kalma durumlarına ilişkin kanaatlerle MİDÖ puanları arasında anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmış, “Yabancı Uyruklular hemen gitsinler” şeklinde kanaat bildiren katılımcıların puanları “Yabancı Uyruklular uygun zamanda gitsinler” diyen katılımcılara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu görülmüş bu durumun olası nedenleri literatür bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların açıklanmasının ardından politika yapıcılara, alanda çalışan öğretmenlere ve daha sonra konu ile ilgili çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
BORU HATLARI GÜZERGÂHI YÖNÜNDEN SURİYE’NİN ENERJİ JEOPOLİTİĞİ
Authors: Harunoğulları Muazzez
Published: December 2024

Suriye hem bir Orta Doğu hem de Akdeniz ülkesi olarak kara ve deniz ulaşım ağlarının odağında bulunmaktadır. Bu coğrafi konumu ülkeyi aynı zamanda güney-kuzey, doğu-batı istikametlerinde petrol ve doğal gaz boru hatlarının transit ülkesi yapmaktadır. Suriye; Mısır, İsrail ve Körfez ülkelerindeki petrol ve/veya doğal gazın Avrupa’ya ulaştırılmasında stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı Suriye’nin transit boru hatları yönünden enerji jeopolitiğini değerlendirmektedir. Bu amaçla bölgesel boru hattı projeleri ve anlaşmaları dikkate alınmış, enerji dağıtım merkezi bakımından Suriye’nin enerji jeopolitiği tartışılmıştır. Suriye’nin coğrafi konumu nedeni ile enerji transferindeki önemi ve avantajları irdelenmiştir. Enerji rezerv alanları ve güzergâhları üzerine inşa edilecek boru hatları sayesinde yatırım yapan ülkeler büyük maddi kazanç elde etmektedirler. Boru hatları üzerine yaşanan çekişmeler ve mücadeleler kimi zaman savaşlara varacak bir düzen değişikliğini de beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Suriye petrol ve doğal gaz kaynaklarının transferinde geçiş güzergâhında yer almakta, bu coğrafi konumu onun stratejik olarak değerli kılmaktadır. Küresel enerji pazarında kayda değer bir yeri olmasa da konumu sebebiyle geçiş ülkesi olma potansiyeli bu ülkeyi bölgede enerji dağıtımı bakımından önemli hale getirmektedir. Suriye elindeki avantajlı durumundan faydalanarak bölge ülkeleriyle boru hatları anlaşmalarına imza atmakta bölgedeki konumunu güçlendirmeye çalışmaktadır. Suriye üzerinden geçecek boru hatları anlaşmalarında ABD ve Rusya rekabeti bu anlaşmaların zaman zaman sekteye uğramasına ve yeni anlaşma zeminlerine yol açmaktadır. Suriye’nin bölgesel enerji jeopolitiğini güçlendirmek için büyük güçler arasındaki dengeyi iyi kurması ve komşu ülkelerle ekonomik ve politik ilişkilerini geliştirmesi gerekmektedir.
Technology of confident judgment when decision making in the education system
Authors: Malyshev V. V. , Piyavsky S. A.
Published: December 2024

The rapid digitalization of all aspects of society is leading to fundamental changes in the field of education.
In order to form and implement fundamentally new methods of education and teaching, it is necessary to use modern knowledge-intensive methods of preparing and making complex decisions, in particular, to actively work with information presented not only in numerical, quantitative, but also in ordinal scales such as “better worse”, “more important — less important”. From these positions, the article uses the method proposed by the authors confident judgments of the decision maker. It is shown that its use in selecting the most worthy applicants to continue their education in higher education will expand the powers of universities and will more accurately take into account the individual characteristics and preferences of schoolchildren and their parents; when used within the framework of an integral system for identifying and long-term development of creatively gifted youth in the field of science and technology, it will make it possible to create an objective meter (creative rating) for a comprehensive assessment of the degree of creative growth of each young researcher and create on this basis a scientifically managed system for supporting his guided development; in the organization of scientific activities of a university, an integral system of optimal planning of the activities of its institutes will appear, based on target guidelines and the general development strategy of the university and at the same time taking into account the specific features of the general satisfaction with the work of the staff of each institute.
Georgia’s foreign economic relations in the context of geopolitical turbulence
Authors: Borodenko Maxim
Published: December 2024

Since 2008, there have been no diplomatic relations between Russia and Georgia, and Tbilisi has been one of the most active supporters of the European integration course in the post-Soviet space for many years, along with Ukraine and Moldova. At the same time, contrary to expectations, after the start of the special military operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine, Georgia did not follow the path of militarization and further deepening of relations with the West, did not sever ties with Russia, as Chisinau did, but began to pursue a constructive and pragmatic foreign policy line. This, in turn, deteriorated the relations between Brussels and Tbilisi, despite the important role of the EU as a trade and economic partner of the Georgian Republic. In this article, the author shows how Georgia’s foreign trade relations have changed in the context of the current geopolitical turbulence.
The skull of Hapalodectes (Hapalodectidae, Mesonychia) from the Paleocene of Mongolia
Authors: Lopatin A. V.
Published: December 2024

The incomplete skull of Hapalodectes (Hapalodectidae, Mesonychia) is described from the Upper Paleocene Naran Member of the Naran Bulak Formation of the Khaychin-Ula 2 locality in the Bugin Tsav Basin in the south of Mongolia. This is the first discovery of the skull of a Paleocene member of the genus. The skull corresponds in size and dental occlusion to the species H. dux Lopatin, 2001, previously known only from a lower jaw from the Upper Paleocene Zhigden Member of the Naran Bulak Formation of the Tsagan-Khushu locality in the Nemegt Basin. In the structure of the facial part of the skull, H. dux exhibits features shared with Mesonychidae, namely the significant participation of the lacrimal and jugal in the preorbital region. The upper molars of H. dux were found to have distinct conules (a first for Hapalodectidae). The evolutionary changes in the structure of the upper molars of Hapalodectes (disappearance of the conules, decrease of the metacone, and narrowing of the lingual lobe) are determined. They were correlated with the transformations of the lower molars (reduction of the metaconid, protocristid, and entoconid, transverse compression of the trigonid and talonid) and together with them were aimed at enhancing the shearing action of the longitudinal blades of the posterior part of the dentitions.
The development of antibiotic resistance of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 8P-A3 is associated with changes in the structure of extracellular vesicules and the character of their effect on bacterial biofilms
Authors: Chernova O. A. , Kayumov A. R. , Markelova M. I. , Salnikov V. V. , Kutyreva M. P. , Khannanov A. A. , Fedorova M. S. , Zhuravleva D. E. , Baranova N. B. , Faizullin D. A. , Zuev Y. F. , Chernov V. M.
Published: December 2024

For the first time, it was shown that the development of resistance to antibiotics (amoxicillin and clarithromycin) in vitro in the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 8p-a3, associated with large-scale genomic rearrangements, a change in the profile of phenotypic sensitivity to antimicrobials of different groups, and the evolution of virulence, is also accompanied by significant changes in the lactobacillus-derived extracellular membrane vesicles transferring lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. The changes are related to the structure and cargo of vesicles, as well as their activity against biofilms of opportunistic bacteria. The data obtained are relevant for understanding the molecular mechanisms of survival of microorganisms under the selective pressure of antimicrobials, the functional potential of the probiotic vesicles and assessing their safety.
Інтелектуальний контекст у сонаті для альтгорна (валторни або саксофона) з фортепіано П. Гіндеміта
Authors: Оболенська Марія
Published: December 2024

Мета статті – виявити приховані елементи інтелектуального пазла в сонаті для альтгорна з фортепіано Пауля Гіндеміта, які впливають на моделювання сюжетно-смислового виміру твору.
Результати дослідження. Виявлено приховані сенси, які композитор зашифрував у нотному та вербальному текстах. Так, у другій частині сонати висвітлено код абетки Морзе, подано варіанти його тлумачення, що допомагає виконавцям і слухачам розкрити секрети інтелектуального контексту твору. З’ясовано, що Пауль Гіндеміт, знавець і поціновувач образотворчого мистецтва, залучив у свою музику акронім, який запозичив у швейцарського живописця ХVІ ст. Ніклауса Мануеля Дойча. Композитор зробив це не за допомогою назв нот, а завдяки ритмічному паттерну, що є репрезентантом коду Морзе. Враховуючи воєнний час, в якому створювалася Соната (1943 р.), використання абетки Морзе є символічним.
Наукова новизна. Вперше в україномовному музикознавчому середовищі конструюється змістовий шар сонати для альтгорна з фортепіано Пауля Гіндеміта, який є втіленням інтелектуального підходу композитора до створення музичних опусів. Запропоновано адаптацію вірша П. Гіндеміта українською мовою. Проаналізовано літературний текст, у якому композитор означив ідейну фабулу сонати – зіткнення «величного минулого» й «метушливого сьогодення». Оскільки сам композитор запропонував варіабельність солюючого інструмента, розглянуто, яким чином використання валторни й саксофона замість альтгорна впливає на інтерпретаційні інтенції виконавців.
Висновки. На основі виявлених підказок, які криються не тільки в словах, ритмах, інтонаціях та індивідуальному баченні форми твору, а й у виборі соллюючого інструмента, в назві якого прихована цікава гра слів, змодельовано сюжетно-смисловий вимір Сонати.
Marketing Communications in Conditions of Digital Transformation of Ukrainian Public Libraries
Authors: Bachynska Nadiia , Kasian Vladyslav
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to identify peculiarities of the current state of marketing communications of Ukrainian public libraries in the context of digital transformation processes, as well as to offer the use of effective approaches to library communication in the digital environment.
Research methods. To achieve this aim, methods of analysis and synthesis, content analysis, structural-functional and generalisation methods are applied.
Scientific novelty. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the integration of offline and online channels in library communication with the target audience is grounded.
Main conclusions. The importance of marketing communications tools for Ukrainian public libraries is updated. Features of the digital channels use by the library for interaction with the target audience and dissemination of information about products and services are highlighted.
The emphasis is put on the strengthening of digitalisation of Ukrainian libraries in wartime conditions, which is manifested in creating electronic funds, introducing digital technologies, and expansioning online services. Attention is focused on the fact that in such a way libraries contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage, facilitate access to it for internally displaced people, as well as for those who are abroad. Peculiarities of using social networks as an important source of information and a means of interaction, as well as a marketing communication tool, are analysed using the example of the Cherkasy Regional Universal Scientific Library named after Taras Shevchenko. Attention is drawn to the necessity for Ukrainian libraries to spread original information in various social networks, which will take into account the target audience’s interests and needs. Main challenges in the sphere of marketing communications are studied, including: insufficient funding for libraries, needs to improve library professionals’ skills, conducting an effective research on the target audience in order to create a relevant content.
Exploring Masterweb's Effectiveness in Optimizing Digital Based Learning and Education Management
Authors: Tjiptady Bella Cornelia , Rohman Mojibur , Rahman Rifki Zainur , Elmunsyah Hakkun , Tarecha Rachmad Imam
Published: December 2024

Masterweb is a concept where multiple web services are integrated into a centralized platform, offering seamless access and management of various online tools and resources. Research discusses the effectiveness of masterweb in optimizing digital-based learning and education management. Research method uses a mix method approach with an exploratory design. Paper also highlights the importance of transforming learning media in the digital era and how digitalization can improve the quality of vocational education. Research results show that the application of Masterweb allows the adoption of blended learning methods that combine conventional approaches with digital elements. Collaboration with expert companies in developing e-learning and multimedia systems also ensures the availability of ICT infrastructure that supports the smooth learning process. With Masterweb, teachers and school management can be more effective in recording teaching and learning activities, monitoring student attendance, and increasing the effectiveness of monitoring and developing student skills. This research provides important insights into the importance of technology integration in education to increase efficiency, effectiveness, management and the attractiveness of learning in the digital era
Development E-Catalogue Portfolio Design Architecture with Android Mobile Apps using Kodular Framework
Authors: Yahfizham Yahfizham , Sinaga Imam Adlin
Published: December 2024

The Bisma Kasada (Commanditaire Vennootschap/CV) is a company that provides technical consulting services to communities and governments. The Bisma Kasada covers various aspects of the field of work with minimal qualifications, including the process of promoting consultant services aspecially in the field of architecture. The Bisma Kasada continues to operate conventionally, with architects creating design portfolios of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional architectural drawings of buildings or spatial layouts. Then, architects promote or market the portfolio to the public through printed brochures and social media. Using this method still presents several challenges, including the time, costs, and energy required for promotional activities, the challenge of updating product data, and the limited scope of promotion and marketing in the surrounding environment. The goal of this research is to develop an Android mobile-based E-Catalogue application, which can serve as a promotional and marketing tool for architectural design of the portfolios. The application, designed by the Bisma Kasada, incorporates a feature for cost estimation and calculation. In building the application, the author used the waterfall method, which consists of analysis stages, design stages, coding stages, and testing stages. We build the application based on android platform using the Kodular framework and Airtable database to strongly interfaced but simplify in the system.
Spiritual Pilgrimage Through Virtual Reality (VR): Transforming Islamic Religious Education in Madrasahs
Authors: Aryati Aziza , Jamrizal Jamrizal , Anwar Khairul , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , M Zaharuddin , Firman Arham Junaidi
Published: December 2024

The use of virtual reality (VR) technology in Islamic Religious Education learning in schools has become an interesting topic to improve students’ understanding of religious concepts. This study explores the impact of virtual reality (VR) technology in simulating religious pilgrimage on students’ understanding of religious concepts and teachers’ perceptions. The research conducted used a case study design with a qualitative approach. The research setting was purposively selected at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) 1 Kota Bengkulu. The subjects in this study were Islamic Religious Education teachers and students. The data in this study were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity testing in this study was carried out using the triangulation test method. Data analysis in this study adopted a descriptive approach involving several stages, namely data condensation, data presentation, and data conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed: that first, there was a positive acceptance from students towards using Virtual Reality (VR) technology in simulating religious pilgrimage, with many students feeling an enchanting and immersive experience. Second, VR plays a significant role in improving students’ understanding of religious concepts, especially in understanding the historical context and spiritual meaning of holy places. Third, Islamic religious education teachers have a positive perception of the use of VR in learning. The teachers see VR as a tool for increasing student engagement and expanding the learning experience.
Public Finance as a Category of Financial Sciences – the Legal and Socio-Economic Perspective
Authors: Skrzypek-Ahmed Sylwia , Jermakowicz Katarzyna , Gwiżdż Andrzej , Paździor Anna , Waszak Piotr , Barwiak Paweł
Published: December 2024

Public finance is concerned with the funds that the public sector creates and distributes. Public finances are to some extent similar to the finances of the so-called “third sector” (non-profit organisations), due to the type of activities that are geared towards meeting certain social needs. They are based on the authority of the public sector and are established in a coercive manner; they should be an instrument for pursuing the interest of the general public. They operate according to specific plans, and the size of the public resources and operations carried out through them are much larger than those of private entities. Thus, through public finances, the state significantly influences the socio-economic processes and the efficiency of the use of public resources. Through various instruments and tools of fiscal and monetary policy, the state pursues economic and social objectives. We can divide public finances into state finances, finances of local  government units and finances of the social security system.
The Position of the International Community Towards Russia’s Aggression Against Georgia (Legal Outcomes and Overview of the Case Law)
Authors: Gegenava Dimitry
Published: December 2024

The 2008 Russian-Georgian war began during the Olympic Games, but the conflict had pre-existing roots and did not conclude with the official ceasefire. The international community’s immediate reaction was delayed, yet over time, both political and legal efforts to establish accountability for the war emerged. Georgia used international legal mechanisms, including claims to the European Court of Human Rights, the International Court of Justice, and the International Criminal Court. While some efforts were unsuccessful, many produced significant results. These legal processes led to the formal recognition and legal assessment of the Russian occupation of Georgian territories and responsibility for human rights violations. This article reviews international case law concerning the legal evaluation and recognition of the occupation of Georgian territories by Russia, as well as the prospects for establishing the legal responsibility of the Russian Federation.
Forced Passportization and the Problem of Its Criminalization in the International Law
Authors: Pylypenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the problem of forced passportization of Ukrainian citizens in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine by the Russian occupation authorities during Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine. This process began as early as the period of the illegal occupation of Crimea and its scale significantly increased with the beginning of the full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022. It is stressed that the forcing of Ukrainians to obtain Russian citizenship is carried out as part of the Russian authorities’ policy. In this context, we analyse the latest legislation of the Russian Federation which relates to the procedure for granting Russian citizenship by the Russian occupation authorities. Examples of forcing Ukrainians living in the occupied territories to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation through intimidation, threats, and deprivation of basic human rights and freedoms are cited. Forced passportization in the occupied territories of Ukraine, carried out by the Russian authorities, is a violation of the International Humanitarian Law, in particular Article 4 of the IV Geneva Convention of 1949 “On the Protection of the Civilian Persons in the time of war” and Article 4 of the IV Hague Convention of 1907, which prohibits forcing the inhabitants to swear allegiance to the occupying power. It has been established that in contemporary international law, coercion to obtain citizenship of the occupying power does not constitute an independent component of a war crime. It is concluded that such violations of International Humanitarian Law may constitute a war crime and it indicates the need for the criminalization of forced passportization by amending the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It is proposed to constitute a new war crime by adding to Paragraph 2 (b) of Article 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court a new war crime: forcing the inhabitants of the occupied territories to obtain citizenship of the occupying state.
Cases Concerning the Ministry of Justice in the Legal Practice of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Poland in 1919-1939
Authors: Tkaczuk Marek
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the most important activities of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Poland in cases concerning operation of the Ministry of Justice, one of the many agendas of the legal practice of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Poland, a centralised state organ of legal representation of material and public interests of the Polish state in the period of the Second Polish Republic. The legal practice of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office covered legal representation before private law or public law courts and in proceedings carried out by administration authorities, issuing legal opinions on request of public authorities or other authorised entities, and collaboration in executing agreements in material matters of the state or of entities entrusted by virtue of the law to the legal care of the Office. In cases concerning the Ministry of Justice, the National Public Prosecutor’s Office undertook all types of office-related activities. This study presents an analysis of yearly reports of the President of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office, jurisprudence and rulings from courts and tribunals issued on the initiative of the Office. The research results demonstrate that the activity of the Office contributed to protection of material and public law interests in Poland reborn after the period of partitions in the context of operation of the Ministry of Justice.
The Protection of Persons with Disabilities in International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Zając Paweł
Published: December 2024

The article addresses the issue of protecting persons with disabilities in the context of armed conflicts, analysing the effectiveness of international humanitarian law (IHL) in this regard. It highlights that persons with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to the effects of warfare, with their needs being often overlooked in the planning and implementation of humanitarian actions. The author discuss the evolution of the concept of disability and its various models, such as the charity, medical, social, and human rightsbased models, emphasizing the need to reinterpret IHL provisions in accordance with modern human rights standards. The article notes that while IHL provides protection to persons with disabilities as civilians and as “wounded and sick”, it often uses terminology and approaches that are outdated by contemporary standards. Furthermore, it identifies practical challenges, such as the lack of adequate procedures and information, which can lead to the marginalization of these individuals in conflict situations.
Global Public Safety Systems. Research on the Coherence and Effectiveness of International Agreements Protecting Ecological Connectivity
Authors: Pchałek Marcin , Trzcińska Diana , Sikorski Piotr
Published: December 2024

Ecological connectivity is one of the primary prerequisites of effective prevention and adaptation to climate change. However the legal protection of this phenomenon has been scattered in different legal acts of international, European and national law. The main criterion adopted for the purposes of this research was to focus on the development of instruments for the protection of ecological corridors. The research included both framework agreements on the protection of biodiversity as well as agreements strictly related to the migration of fauna and flora. The main conclusions of the research show that the provisions of multilateral nature conservation agreements vary in terms of their legal force, and in most cases leave a wide margin of discretion to the parties with regard to the forms of implementation. Furthermore, the agreements are not integrated and coherent, and are still based on outdated management tools and terminology (dating back to the 1970-1980 period). Binding executive acts are not widely recognised as having the same legal force as framework conventions and are, in fact, lost in the microcosmos of national environmental legislation. It is recommended to conduct a harmonised, in-depth review of the implementation of the conventions analysed, in order to integrate and improve the coherence of the protection regime of ecological networks at national, continental and global levels. This should be done by adopting an integrative agreement under the auspices of all the conventions concerned. The detailed scope of the necessary amendments proposed in the final chapter of this article constitutes the main added value of this research.
The Problem of Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia as a Consequence of Russia’s Aggression in Georgia
Authors: Tatarashvili Pikria , Okropiridze Tsisia
Published: December 2024

Living in one place for years creates strong ties between people, their shared cultural heritage, and the place itself, hence providing both security and a sense of belonging. When people are forced to leave places that were once their homes, they experience the loss of these important connections and, consequently, they are becoming internally displaced persons (IDPs) within their homelands.
Multiple Audit System for Cooperatives in Turkish Law
Authors: Yasan Mustafa
Published: December 2024

In the jurisprudential landscape of Turkey, cooperatives occupy a unique position, regulated under the comprehensive purview of the Turkish Commercial Code with delineated prescriptions in the Cooperatives Code. Cooperatives are distinct from commercial entities in that they aim to procure economic advantages through collective solidarity and mutual aid, rather than through profit accrual and distribution. However, this does not exempt them from the rigorous auditing requirements that other commercial entities are subject to, necessitating a robust audit framework. The legislative architecture in Turkey has endorsed a multiplex audit regimen for cooperatives, thereby establishing a composite of external, independent, and mandatory internal audits conducted by the cooperative’s governing body as the standard practice. This prescriptive embrace of internal audits, divergent from the practices in capital companies, serves to elucidate a strategic safeguard against the potential dilution of accountability mechanisms within cooperatives. However, the eclectic and fragmented legal foundation underpinning this multifaceted audit system presents analytical challenges, particularly with regard to the redundancy of mandated internal audits in the presence of comprehensive external and independent evaluations. This raises questions about the pragmatism and proportionality of such regulatory mandates within the cooperative sector. Therefore, the conglomerate audit structure, while demonstrating a commitment to enhanced transparency and fiduciary diligence, requires a critical re-evaluation of its alignment with the operational and existential ethos of cooperatives.
On the Effects of Renunciation of Succession in the Light of the Right of the Renouncing Party’s Descendants to Legitime
Authors: Witczak Hanna
Published: December 2024

In the current legal setting, a contract to renounce succession is the only permissible agreement concerning the inheritance of a person who is still alive. The construction of this instrument may, however, raise reasonable doubts given the normative regulation of its effects. The binding force of a contract to renounce succession depends on the will of the parties thereto, as the provision of Article 1049(1) of the Polish Civil Code is of a dispositive nature. According to this provision, the renunciation of succession also affects the descendants of the renouncing party, unless agreed otherwise. Given that the Civil Code (Article 1049(1)) provides that the renouncing party and their descendants are to be treated as if they did not live to see the opening of the succession, as a result of the contract, not only will they not inherit under the law, but they will not be entitled to a force share of the estate (legitime), either. In view of the protective function of legitime and its ratio legis, such a normative solution can hardly be endorsed. The point is that it results in abstract disinheritance, that is, a situation in which individuals entitled to legitime are deprived of their right without any justification, i.e. despite the absence of grounds for disinheritance. In addition, the deprivation of their forced share is decided by the testator and a third party, i.e. the heir at law, who, when entering into the contract, does not act on behalf of his or her descendants but only on their own.
توظيف تقنية رمز الاستجابة السريعة لتعزيز مهارة القراءة لدى متعلمي اللغة العربية في الجامعات التركية ‏‏"دراسة حول مناهج التعليم في ضوء اللسانيات التطبيقية"‏
Authors: Abazoğlu Muhammet
Published: December 2024

أصبحَ استخدامُ التقنياتِ الرقمية الحديثة داعماً أساسياً للدراسات اللغوية. إذ شرعَ اللسانيون في العصرِ الحديثِ إلى ‏العمل على دَمجِ هذه الإمكانات وتوظيفها في تعليمِ اللغاتِ وتبسيطِ أساليبها. فطوَّروا مجالاتِ علمِ اللغةِ التطبيقي الذي يَدمجُ ‏بين اللسانيات والعلوم التربوية، لتتداخلَ مع مجالاتٍ أخرى سواء من العلومِ الإنسانيةِ أو التطبيقية. ومن مُحصّلةِ هذا التأثر ‏والتأثير المنهجي، ظهورُ أساليب حديثة في اللسانيات التطبيقية تُعالجُ القضايا اللغوية باستخدام الأدواتِ الرَّقمية التي ‏تَحتوِيها، ثم تستفيد منها في طرق التعليم اللغات. فصارت اللسانياتُ المعاصرةُ تَستندُ إلى محور الرقمنةِ والحَوسَبةِ في مُعظَمَ ‏مجالاتها. ومن هذه الأدواتِ الرقميةِ استخدامُ رموزِ الاستجابَةِ السَّريعةِ (‏QR Code‏) في التعليم. هذه التقنيةُ تُعتبرُ جِسراً ‏بين العالمِ المادّي والعالم الرقمي، لأنها تَدمجُ بين وسائلِ التَّعليمِ البَصَرِية والسَّمعية أثناء الدروس، فتساعد الطلاب في ‏الاستماع للنص المقروء ومتابعته بصرياً في آن واحد. تهدفُ الدراسةُ إلى رصدِ العلاقةِ بين اللسانياتِ التَّطبيقيةِ وإمكانات ‏التَّحَولِ الرقمي في مجال تعليم اللُّغات لغير الناطقين بها. ثم تَبحَثُ عن كيفيةِ إثراءِ التَّعليم في البيئات المخصَّصةِ من خلال ‏تَضمينِ أدواتِ الوسائطِ المتعدِّدة عبْرَ رموزِ الاستجابةِ السريعةِ (‏QR Code‏) إلى جانب المعلومات النَّصّيةِ في المَناهِجِ ‏الدِّراسية، وخاصة في تعليم مهارةِ القراءةِ العربية للناطقين بغيرها في الجامعات التركية. وتبيَّن من خلال الدراسة أن تطبيق ‏هذه الرموز واستخدامها بشكلٍ عملي في تعليمِ اللغة لغير الناطقين بها يكون مثمراً ومؤثراً في تحسين أداء التعليم، ويعزّزُ ‏أيضاً من تفاعُلِ الطّلاب، كما له دور في تعلُّمِ الطرق القرائية وفهم النصوص خلال العملية التعليمية.‏
Prematurity and growth retardation: different causes of fetal coagulation disorders
Authors: Protsyk Mariia , Ter-Tumasova Anna , Leush Serhii
Published: December 2024

prematurity and fetal growth retardation complicates in general one in five pregnancies. The combination of prematurity with severe growth retardation and hypoxia worsens the prognosis due to increase of periventricular hemorrhage incidence, and later coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, miscarriage and fetal growth retardation in own pregnancies in adulthood. The causes of impaired blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in retardated and premature newborns remain poorly understood. The goal of the study - to compare the parameters of blood acid-base and gases balance, coagulation and fibrinolysis in prematurity and growth retardation. Material and methods. Newborns of three clinical groups were examined. 24 full-term newborns with a postnatal diagnosis of I-II growth retardation stage constituted group I. 18 newborns of group II were born prematurely, corresponding to pregnancy term of 28-34 weeks. Control group III consisted of 20 full-term healthy infants. The birth took place without emergency interventions and without perinatal losses. Blood samples of the umbilical cord artery were obtained immediately after it was clamped. The parameters of blood acid-base and gas compositionof mothers and newborns blood and the fetal kinetic characteristics of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were compared. Results. Newborns of group I had a pH of 7.27±0.012, in group II - 7.33±0.022, in group III - 7.30±0.024, which corresponded to the difference between maternal and fetal values of 0.10; 0.07 and 0.13. The pH difference in growth retarded fetuses is higher than in premature fetuses, closely to that of full-term fetuses, despite the lowest pH. Parameters of pO2 and pCO2 in labor do not have an indicative difference in newborns of all groups.  Thromboelastometric parameters of the premature infants blood indicate low density and accelerated clot lysis, but while growth retarded fetuses accelerated formation and incomplete clot lysis. That is because of notable predominance of endothelial origin procoagulant factors in growth retarded fetuses. Indicators of acid-base and gas balance in newborns with growth retardation are shifted towards acidosis, in contrast to anthropometrically similar premature infants, whose indicators are higher than full-term fetuses ones.
Etiopathogenetic Features of Dermatomycosis in HIV- Infected Patients
Authors: Kravchuk Iryna
Published: December 2024

the review of current literary sources is aimed at the analysis of data on the etiopathogenetic features of dermatomycosis in HIV-infected patients, because the course of these diseases in HIV-infected patients needs more attention. Depending on the key mechanisms of development of immunosuppression, two main groups of fungal diseases are distinguished. The first group includes mycoses associated with the predominance of quantitative and qualitative neutrophil lesions; to the second - with defects in cell-mediated immunity. Mycoses are among the most common opportunistic diseases that occur in HIV-infected patients. Pneumocystis carinii, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in HIV infection are the main causative agents of mycoses, especially in the stage of AIDS. Mycoses are early clinical manifestations of HIV infection, and oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic diseases. The developed form of oropharyngeal candidiasis against the background of the absence of favorable factors allows one to suspect HIV infection for the first time and has an important prognostic value for assessing the further course of the underlying disease. At the same time, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the incidence of dermatoses is caused by a wide range of pathogens, the basis of which is a complex and not fully understood multicomponent system of pathogenesis.