bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density, load and fly ash effect on stabilization of high plasticity soil with lime
Authors:   Geotechnical Engineering at Soil Mechanics Laboratory Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia, Nugroho Soewignjo , Wardani Sri ,   Diponegoro University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Semarang, Indonesia, Muntohar Agus ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya Tamantirto, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
Published: June 2023

The reuse recycling materials or industrial waste materials with aims to reduce pollution and environmental pollution, strongly supports concept of green building. Fly Ash is result of combustion pulverized system coal at the PLTU Tenayan, is no longer included in the B3 waste category. The usage of Fly Ash usage as building material, mine restoration, roads in this decade, is to replace cement or lime. The fly ash composition is mixed with lime for sub-base, will applied on high plasticity soils. A fix-mixture of soil and lime 5%, mixed with fly ash up to 30% of the mixture. The samples test was made at Optimum Moisture Content, with density values around Maximum Dry Density i.e. under compacted (under MDD) and over compacted (above MDD). Consolidated testing was performed with and without curing. Changes of load are represented by load increment ratio (LIR). The selected LIR value is 1.0; 1,5; and 2.0. The results showed that the higher of density, the volume of void is lower. The soil compression index value is the same for all density values, if the soil structure has not destroyed. or fatigue yet. In samples with crushed/broken soil structures, the value of the compressibility index decreased sharply. Curing successfully decreased the void ratio and compressibility of the soil. The strength of fly ash will decrease when reacting with water, so if soil burdened, the void ratio decreases drastically. The formation of strong molecular bonds between Fly ash and lime takes time. So, the compressibility value of the sample by curing 28 days is better than without curing. The composition levels between fly ash and lime also affects the compressibility index of the mixture. The optimum combination occurs in samples with a fly ash content of 25%.
As relações sociais e educativas nas sociedades originárias de Abya Yala
Authors: Bonatti Jaílson , Battestin Cláudia
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo tem a discussão entre o contexto histórico e cultural relativo ao processo de invasão e colonização vivido pelas culturas ancestrais de Abya Yala, assim como busca investigar as relações sociais e educativas nas sociedades originárias. Para isso, tomamos como recurso metodológico a investigação teórico-bibliográfica, explorando aspectos da formação do sujeito originário, nos quesitos que dizem respeito às hierarquias sociais, organização das sociedades, rituais e tradições. Dessa forma, podemos perceber que, antes do início da colonização de Abya Yala existiam povos, sociedades e relações sociais e educativas com características singulares. Ao investigar a história das culturas originárias, verificamos outros sentidos para a educação, podemos tecer reflexões e pensar uma educação para a diversidade que se encaminhe para a superação e emancipação da opressão projetada pelo sistema moderno colonial.
High Dose Selection for General Toxicity Studies of New Medicines
Authors: Engalycheva G. N. , Subaev R. D.
Published: June 2023

High dose selection is a key methodological element in general toxicity studies of medicines. It determines the informative value of study results, the compliance with the principles of ethical and rational use of experimental animals, and the accuracy of predicting the safety of new medicines for human use. The literature data and the regulatory experience in evaluating preclinical study results suggest that the selection of an inappropriate high dose is a very common error in planning toxicity studies. This error leads to a significant or complete loss of the informative value of study results; the results become useless for assessing the safety of new medicinal products for human use.

The aim of this study was to analyse the current regulatory requirements for high dose selection for general toxicity studies of medicines.

The analysis suggests that unreasonably high doses may be selected for toxicity studies because methodological recommendations are prone to interpretation errors. Their potential for ambiguity stems from the absence of specific standardised upper limits for toxic doses or sufficiently clear dose selection criteria. Prerequisites for properly planning preclinical safety studies of new medicines include compliance with dose selection requirements of regulatory toxicology and implementation of a clinically and toxicologically sound decision-making algorithm.
Introduction: Russia, Ukraine, and the West: Looking to the Future
Authors: Petro Nicolai N.
Published: June 2023

In this collection of essays, eight distinguished scholars, many with deep and personal knowledge of both Russia and Ukraine assess the impact of current events on long term relations between Ukraine, Russia, and the West. Since the issues raised by this crisis are at once indigenous to Ukraine, bilateral to Russia and Ukraine, and global, all three levels will need to be addressed before it can be resolved. This special issue examines some of the parameters that will need to be considered in doing so. Taken in toto, they encourage us to think comprehensively about the future, highlighting some of the pitfalls that will await us after the war.
The Maidan Massacre Trial and Investigation Revelations: Implications for the Ukraine-Russia War and Relations
Authors: Katchanovski Ivan
Published: June 2023

This study analyzes revelations from the trial and investigation in Ukraine concerning the mass killing that took place in Kyiv on 20 February 2014. This Maidan massacre of protesters and police led to the overthrow of the Yanukovych government and ultimately to the Russian annexation of Crimea, the civil war and Russian military interventions in Donbas, and the Ukraine-Russia and West-Russia conflicts which Russia escalated by illegally invading Ukraine in 2022. The absolute majority of wounded Maidan protesters, nearly 100 prosecution and defense witnesses, synchronized videos, and medical and ballistic examinations by government experts pointed unequivocally to the fact that the Maidan protesters were massacred by snipers located in Maidan-controlled buildings. To date, however, due to the political sensitivity of these findings and cover-up, no one has been convicted for this massacre. The article discusses the implications of these revelations for the Ukraine-Russia war and the future of Russian-Ukrainian relations.
Ernährung nach Dialyseabbruch?
Authors: Eibach Ulrich , Schaefer Klaus
Published: June 2023

Whether after the termination of renal dialysis the supply of liquid and solid foods as well as the mechanical removal of water should be continued is a moral problem, which is discussed within the context of the question under which condition a permanent termination of renal dialysis can be morally justified. The authors assume that medicine does not have the purpose of fighting incurable, viz. deadly diseases at all cost but that it is obliged to support life and reduce suffering without taking that life. Tue supply of liquid and solid foods is seen as a fundamental need implied by life itself. Doctors are obliged to satisfy that need even after the termination of renal dialysis, at least as long as the patient has given no clear indication to the contrary. Besides, the supply of liquids to uraemic patients proves to be a measure to reduce suffering and therefore ease dying, albeit under the condition that water is mechanically removed at the same time in order to avoid hyper-hydration.
Präimplantationsdiagnostik und der Status des Embryos
Authors: Rager Günter
Published: June 2023

The debate about preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has put new life into the discussion about the various preimplantation stages of the human embryo. This article explains the embryological foundations for the description of preimplantation stages, provides an interpretation for the embryological findings (the embryo as a dynamic, self-organising system – twin development and individuality – the embryo as a person in becoming), and discusses problems with respect to individuality and personality of human embryos.
Sanitätsdienstliches Handeln im militärischen Konflikt: Eine Einführung in die Wehrmedizinethik
Authors: Fischer Dirk
Published: June 2023

Infolge der besonderen Herausforderungen der asymmetrischen militärischen Konflikte kam es zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts zur Ausbildung der Wehrmedizinethik. Das neue Fach gewann im Zuge der geführten nationalen und internationalen wissenschaftlichen Diskurse vermehrt an Kontur, so dass sich ein Bereich spezifischer wehrmedizinethischer Themen ausmachen lässt. Diesen versucht die Wehrmedizinethik durch die Formulierung und Selbstverpflichtung wehrmedizinethischer Prinzipien zu begegnen, die sanitätsdienstliche Kräfte selbst dann binden, wenn die Vorgaben des humanitären Völkerrechtes formaljuristisch nicht zur Anwendung gebracht werden können. Das Einstehen für diese Prinzipien ist Ausdruck einer moralischen Kompetenz, die die Wehrmedizinethik durch Forschung und Lehre zu fördern versucht.
Kriegerische Konflikte als Herausforderung für das völkerrechtliche Menschenrecht auf Gesundheit
Authors: Weilert A. Katarina
Published: June 2023

Aufgrund der besonderen Gefahr, die von kriegerischen Konflikten für die Gesundheit der unter dem Krieg leidenden Menschen ausgeht, widmet sich das in Kriegszeiten geltende humanitäre Völkerrecht eingehend dem Schutz der Zivilbevölkerung und Nichtkombattanten. Auch gegenüber Kombattanten, die nach geltendem Kriegsrecht zwar zulässigerweise angegriffen und sogar getötet werden dürfen, begrenzt das humanitäre Völkerrecht das Verletzungspotential durch ein Übermaßverbot. Damit ist das durch das humanitäre Völkerrecht ausgestaltete Recht auf Gesundheit weitaus differenzierter, als dies für das „friedensvölkerrechtlich“ geltende Menschenrecht auf Gesundheit gilt. Bei bewaffneten Konflikten ist das Problem der Gesundheitsversorgung nicht in erster Linie eine Frage des Fehlens internationaler gesetzlicher Regelungen, sondern von deren Missachtung.
Demografía y sociología: una perspectiva clásica
Authors: Ferrant Coline
Published: June 2023

Este ensayo contrasta la demografía y la sociología desde una perspectiva clásica. Ambas disciplinas tienen historias parecidas: un auge intelectual en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, seguida de cierta incertidumbre acerca de su quehacer científico. Difieren en dos aspectos. Primero, la demografía tiene objetos de estudio (la población) y métodos (cuantitativos) de contornos más afirmados que la sociología, la cual destaca por una mayor diversidad temática, metodológica y teórica. Segundo, la demografía tiene menor presencia en el campo académico internacional que la sociología.
Docencia remota de emergencia en profesores de tiempo parcial de la UAEM
Authors: García Viveros Ruth Estrella , García Ponce de León Omar
Published: June 2023

Este artículo muestra las experiencias de profesores de tiempo parcial en una situación específica de crisis por pandemia durante 2020-2022, así como las adecuaciones que tuvieron que hacerse tanto a nivel universidad como a nivel pedagógico, al pasar de una actividad presencial a una mediada por tecnologías. Se abordan los acontecimientos vividos desde la perspectiva de los profesores, que muestran las formas de llevar a cabo su práctica docente como una docencia remota de emergencia, lo cual evidenció las necesidades tecnológicas existentes, así como el desarrollo de habilidades digitales en un momento en que se carecía de infraestructura suficiente y se desconocían las herramientas digitales para llevar a cabo su labor de manera remota.
Ecología microbiana: desde el microscopio hasta el análisis genómico y bioinformático
Authors: Ramírez Jiménez Sandra Ignacia , Cadena Santiago
Published: June 2023

La ecología microbiana se encarga del estudio de las interacciones de los microorganismos entre ellos y con su ambiente, cuyo conocimiento permite comprender la estructura y composición de las comunidades microbianas en un hábitat determinado, como ecosistemas extremos poco explorados o ambientes del entorno humano. Más aún: permite asociar los procesos metabólicos de algunos microorganismos con aplicaciones biotecnológicas en industrias como la alimenticia, la farmacéutica o la agricultura. Estas aplicaciones tecnológicas sólo son posibles cuando se conoce a detalle la identidad y función de las comunidades microbianas que realizan estos procesos, ámbito de estudio de la ecología microbiana.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE OF LOW INTENSITY LASER PROTOCOL FOR WOUND TREATMENT
Authors: Graneiro Thaiz Souza , Da Rocha Cristiane Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: Desenvolver um protótipo de um protocolo de laser de baixa intensidade para tratamento de lesões por pressão e úlceras diabéticas. Método: Estudo metodológico envolvendo revisão de literatura nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) através da PubMed; Web of Science; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) e EMBASE, com a utilização dofiltro de busca temporal de 2016 a 2022. Resultados: Desenvolveu-se o protótipo de protocolo com 29 ações a seremexecutadas: 10 ações antes do procedimento, 9 ações durante o procedimento e 10 ações após o procedimento. Considerações finais: O estudo possibilitou a criação de um protótipo de protocolo de uso de laser de baixa intensidade para um cuidado mais consistente, seguro e que a garanta a melhoria das práticas assistenciais dos profissionais.
Experimental investigation of parametric changes in seepage time and length into the subsoil of hydraulic structures
Authors: YILMAZ Damla , ÖKSÜZ Betül Sena , ARAS Egemen , ÖZDOĞAN CUMALI Bilge , NEMLİOGLU Semih
Published: June 2023

Dams and hydraulic structures are built on rivers in order to protect water resources due to global warming, to collect surface waters to provide drinking water and/or irrigation water, to prevent floods and to establish hydroelectric power plants. Dams, for example, are hydraulic structures that have more or less positive or negative environmental interactions on surface water and groundwater. One of the environmental interactions of dams and similar hydraulic structures is the seepage of accumulated water in its reservoir from upstream bottom of the dam. This seepage can affect the level and location of groundwater, reduce the accumulation of water in the reservoir, and cause piping in the ground below the construction of the dam body. In order to control the seepage, the methods of increasing the seepage length by using sheet pile and clay blanket on the dam foundation are frequently used. In this study, in the physical laboratory model, the variations in the seepage lengths that occur under the hydraulic structure section in the soil with two different grain diameters of 0.85 mm and 1.5 mm, depending on the dam structure, soil and barrier structures (sheet pile and upstream clay blanket), were experimentally investigated. As a result, it was determined that the seepage occurs less in the soil with a smaller grain diameter of 0.85 mm, the smaller the soil particle diameter has a reducing effect on the seepage, and the use of sheet pile increases this effect positively. In addition, it has been determined that the clay blanket in the upstream is effective compared to the general conditions, but the use of sheet pile provides the most efficiency.
20 Years of Experience in Office Hysteroscopy: The Largest Retrospective Study in Greece to Date
Authors: Tsonis Orestis , Gkrozou Fani , Iram Nabila , Ntritsos Georgios , Dimitriou Evangelos , Tzallas Alexandros , Daniilidis Angelos , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Siafaka Vassiliki , Vrekoussis Thomas , Navrozoglou Iordanis , Paschopoulos Minas
Published: June 2023

Background: Office hysteroscopy is a widely-accepted and useful tool in the every-day practice of gynaecologists. Methods: In this 20-year-retrospective study, data originating from 2675 patients who underwent vaginoscopic office hysteroscopy are presented. The Endoscopic Unit is located in the Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina and it is considered one of the busiest public institutions providing care for a large amount of Greek population in Epirus, North-western Greece. Our findings presented in this very first and nationally largest retrospective study, will contribute to the overall scientific knowledge by providing substantial data with regards to hysteroscopy and to epidemiology of endometrial pathology. Results: Common hysteroscopic indication across all age groups was Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). Predictive characteristics of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of various conditions were evaluated for these patients in comparison with their histologic report as the gold standard. Comparing hysteroscopic findings with the respective histology reports revealed that in cases of normal endometrium, sensitivity of 60.9%, specificity of 92.1%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 79.07% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 82.8% were estimated. Hysteroscopic detection of endometrial polyps demonstrated sensitivity of 92.04%, specificity of 89.1%, PPV of 73.5% and NPV 97.1%. For fibroids, sensitivity and specificity were calculated at 98.5% and 100% respectively, while PPV and NPV at 100% and 99.9%, respectively. For endometrial cancer, the predictive characteristics were estimated at 87.5% and 99.7% with regards to sensitivity and specificity, and 63.6% and 99.9% for PPV and NPV, respectively. Finally, for cases of hyperplasia, hysteroscopy showed sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 91.03%, PPV of 11.7% and NPV of 99.5%. Conclusions: To date, this is the largest retrospective study on office hysteroscopy with the use of vaginoscopic approach technique in Greece. This study has been conducted in one of the busiest public gynecologic endoscopic units across Greece. Our findings are consistent with the international scientific evidence, which has proven that hysteroscopy is an efficient and safe method to investigate pathologies within the uterine cavity and in general is accompanied by satisfactory patient acceptance.
Expression of m6A RNA Methylation Regulators and Their Clinical Predictive Value in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wei Feng , Zhang Jia-Ning , Zhao Yu-Qing , Lyu Hongwei , Chen Fengyuan
Published: June 2023

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulators have been implicated in the carcinogenesis and progress of a variety of cancers. Until now, the effects of them on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have been poorly understood. Methods: We used the GEO databases to systematically evaluate the expression profiles of 36 m6A RNA methylation regulators in ICC patients and produced a signature to assess its prognostic values. In vitro experiments were implemented to confirm the expression level. Results: Compared to normal intrahepatic bile duct tissues, more than half of these 36 genes showed different levels of expression in ICC tissues. Two groups emerged from the consensus cluster analysis of these 36 genes. The two cluster of patients had significantly different clinical outcomes. In addition, we created a m6A-related prognostic signature that performed exceptionally well in the prognostic categorization of ICC patients, based on the ROC curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Further research showed that there was a significant association between the m6A-related signature and the manifestations of tumor immune microenvironment in ICC. The expression level and biological effect of METTL16, one of the two m6A RNA methylation regulators incorporated in the signature, were confirmed and explored by using in vitro experiments. Conclusions: This analysis revealed the predictive roles of m6A RNA methylation regulators in ICC.
Stem Cells in Facial Regenerative Surgery: Current Clinical Applications. A Multidisciplinary, Systematic Review
Authors: Tel Alessandro , Miotti Giovanni , Ius Tamara , Marco Luca de , Robiony Massimo , Parodi Pier Camillo , Panciani Pier Paolo , Zeppieri Marco
Published: June 2023

Background: Facial reconstruction represents one of the main challenges for surgeons. Stem cells (SC) represent the most studied solution for tissue regeneration. This approach appears particularly promising in combination with bioengineered scaffolds and 3D bioprinting. The purpose of this systematic review is to define the main domains of current application of SC therapy within contemporary clinical workflows, evaluate indications and limitations, report current knowledge in this innovative field of research, and define the landscape of evidence for such approaches. Methods: A systematic review was performed on the pertinent literature regarding stem cell-based cell therapies currently available in the reconstruction of the face. The review used the main databases for scientific literature based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 15 papers were selected after an independent search was performed. The two major domains for current application of stem cells in clinical practice were bone and skin categories. Conclusions: Cell therapy in the field of facial reconstruction represents a promising approach. The evidence regarding the current clinical use, however, seems to show this option to be limited. Bioengineering advances and the parallel development of 3D bioprinting technology can potentially enhance the role of stem cells in the future.
Time-Dependent Effects of Buspirone versus Desipramine on the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task in Rats Reared in Social Isolation: Implication of Early Life Experience and Motoric Impulsivity
Authors: Tung Che-Se , Lin You-Wei , Lin Chen-Cheng , Liu Yia-Ping
Published: June 2023

Background: Early life social experience and the function of the central serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptophan, 5-HT) system are involved in development of behavioral impulsivity in which individuals act without forethought or before all necessary information is available. However, most of the evidence has been obtained from acute 5-HT manipulation, whereas, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of subchronic regimen targeting of 5-HT1A receptors on motoric waiting impulsivity in socially isolated rats. Methods: A two-week protocol of buspirone (0.5 mg/kg/day) and desipramine (2.5 mg/kg/day) was employed for rats following social isolation rearing (IR) to examine their behavioral performance in a 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) during the treatment regimen. Responses in any one of the apertures prior to an informative signal were recorded as a premature response. Results: IR rats presented with more locomotor activity than socially reared (SR) rats. Buspirone progressively increased the baseline level of premature responding in a time-dependent manner that was not observed in IR rats. Both IR and SR rats exhibited less premature responding following acute buspirone challenge. For a subchronic desipramine regimen, IR rats followed the same trend of SR controls to increase the prematurity of baseline response. Conclusions: Buspirone but not desipramine-induced time-dependent effects of motoric waiting impulsivity can be reversed by IR, indicating a role for early life social experience on 5-HT1A receptor-associated ability to control impulsiveness.
Cytokeratin expression in reactive cylindrical ciliated epithelium of the sinonasal tract in chronic inflammation
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Bakhtin A.A. , Tumanova E.L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Currently, there are limited papers on changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the sinonasal tract in chronic inflammatory processes, particularly in basal cell hyperplasia. The latter is similar to dysplasia of varying severity of the stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. Studying of changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can clarify the histogenesis of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including sinonasal papillomas. The research is aimed at studying the cytokeratin profile of reactive cylindrical ciliated epithelium in a chronic nonspecific inflammatory process. Materials and methods. We analyzed surgical materials obtained from 567 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. We performed an immunohistochemical study in 20 cases using the panel of antibodies to Ki-67, Stathmin, Cytokeratin 7, Cytokeratin 10/13, Cytokeratin 14, Cytokeratin 17, Cytokeratin 18, and Cytokeratin 19. Results. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we detected basal cell hyperplasia of different severity in 74% (419 cases). In 13% (73 cases), basal cell hyperplasia was combined with foci of squamous metaplasia. Based on the results, we identified 4 types of morphological changes in the epithelial layer with a specific cytokeratin profile: mild basal cell hyperplasia, moderate basal cell hyperplasia, severe basal cell hyperplasia, and areas of squamous metaplasia. Conclusion. Simultaneous expression of cytokeratins in the areas with severe hyperplasia of basal cells, specific for both simple and compound epithelia, allows us to consider this area to have the highest potential for the development of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including various types of sinonasal papillomas. Keywords: basal cell hyperplasia, sinonasal papilloma, pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT OF A HEATED SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CYLINDER
Authors: Faisal Messina Abdullah , Hansley George
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a numerical investigation on heat transfer enhancement from a heated superhydrophobiccylinder. A verification process is conducted to validate the numerical method by comparing the results with analytical solutions and experimental data. The flow field analysis reveals the effect of the superhydrophobic surface on the fluid flow behavior, demonstrating stronger velocity changes and narrower wakes compared to the no-slip case. The temperature distribution analysis confirms a significant increase in heat transfer from the superhydrophobic cylinder, with a measured enhancement of approximately 20%. The average heat transfer coefficients along the cylinder surface show a clear advantage of the superhydrophobic surface over the no-slip condition. The findings highlight the practical implications of superhydrophobic surfaces for heat transfer enhancement, offering potential improvements in engineering systems such as heat exchangers and cooling systems. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of such systems, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and system effectiveness
Anayasa Denemesi
Authors: Kavak Mesut
Published: June 2023

Bu anayasa, her toplulukta barışı korumak amacıyla yazılmıştır; yalnızca çelişmediği sürece üstündür.
Resume Ekonomi Makro Syariah Konsep Dasar Ekonomi Makro Islam
Authors: Rusli Rezky Kurniati
Published: June 2023

Ekonomi dalam Islam adalah ilmu yang mempelajari segala perilaku manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan tujuan memperoleh falah (kedamaian dan kesejahteraan dunia akhirat).
‘Living on the Edge’: Examining the Socio-economic Issues of India’s Transsexuals
Authors: Surbhi  , Haokip Khaikholen
Published: June 2023

Transsexuals, the subset of transgenders, constitute one of the most discriminated and marginalised communities in India. Given the deeply entrenched heteronormative values in Indian society, which essentializes binary beliefs about sex and gender, any transgressions of these values and beliefs invariably evoke societal backlash. This study examines how heteronormativity, which fuels transphobia, impinges upon the lives of the transsexuals – both male-to-female (MtF) and female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals. Through narrative inquiry, the study sheds light on how transsexuals, despite the burgeoning legal provisions for protection of their rights and entitlements, continue to endure various social and economic infirmities. Ensuring equality for transsexuals, or for that matter the trans peoples, calls for, inter alia, confronting gender essentialism and mending the gap between law and implementation.
‘Fair and equal opportunities for all children to access their education and not miss out’ Initial Teacher Education and Perceptions of Social Justice during the Pandemic
Authors: Jones Sian E , Munro Alice , Davis Rachael , jack Caryll , Craig Linda , Eady Sandra
Published: June 2023

Aims: Within education contexts, social justice has a wide variety of definitions, both among academics and students. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ways the pandemic may have impacted upon, challenged and informed notions of social justice amongst Education students in Scotland. Methods. Data collection took place via online questionnaires from across the two cohorts of Education students, one of which started training before, and one during the pandemic. The sample included undergraduate and postgraduate participants. They were asked to define social justice and to provide examples of it in their university and school classrooms.Findings. Thematic analysis indicated students understanding of social justice fell into three broad categories (a) awareness of issues of social justice, (b) notions of respect, and (c) notions of equity. Participants with limited exposure to classroom experience because of the pandemic provided fewer examples of social justice in action.Conclusions. Emphasis on social justice in action in education settings should be fore-fronted in ITE course provision.
Gender, Entrepreneurial Education, Self-Efficacy, Internal Control Locus, and Entrepreneurial Intention Based on the Perspective of Students
Authors: Nur Nur , Njotoprajitno Rosemarie Sutjiati , Hadianto Bram
Published: June 2023

This study investigates and analyzes the effect of gender, entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, and internal control locus on entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, to achieve this goal, this study uses undergraduate students in the management and accounting departments of the business faculty of Maranatha Christian University as population and samples. This study sets the criterion based on the purposive sampling method because not all students already take entrepreneurial courses. Therefore, active students taking these courses onward deserve to be the samples. Based on this circumstance, this study surveyed their perception by distributing the questionnaire and effectively got 191 complete responses. Because of hypothesis verification, this study keeps employing a structural equation based on covariance to analyze and check the data related to constructs. Finally, this study concludes gender gap exists: male students have higher intentions to start a business than females. The more educated the students with entrepreneurial concepts, the more intent to start the venture. Students with higher self-efficacy and internal locus control tend to have higher intentions to begin a business.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING: SEBUAH META ANALISIS TENTANG PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SD
Authors: Agustiana Nadia
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian meta-analisis yang melibatkan analisis terhadap 5 jurnal yang relevan yang ditemukan melalui penelusuran jurnal di internet dengan kata kunci "Discovery Learning" dan "Hasil belajar Siswa SD". Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Dalam jurnal A, ditemukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas IV meningkat dalam kategori sedang setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran ini pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (Pkn). Jurnal B menunjukkan bahwa model discovery learning berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar tematik terpadu pada kelas V dengan tema Lingkungan Sahabat Kita. Jurnal C menemukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas III pada tema Praja Muda Karana juga meningkat secara signifikan setelah menerapkan model discovery learning. Jurnal D dan E juga menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pkn dan IPA. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dukungan kuat terhadap efektivitas penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di sekolah dasar. . Implikasi temuan ini adalah pentingnya menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam eksplorasi dan penemuan materi pelajaran.
Teori mukhtalif hadis
Authors: hudin Solah
Published: June 2023

Sebagai sumber utama dalam mempelajari ajaran Islam, hadits seringkali menjadi subjek diskusi dan kajian. Namun, dalam pemahaman hadits, sering kali ditemukan perbedaan antara hadits mukhtalif yang menyebabkan kebingungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas tiga pasang hadits mukhtalif dan metode penyelesaiannya.
FCMR is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that Fc mu receptor, encoded by FCMR, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. FCMR mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of FCMR in primary tumors was correlated with patient overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of FCMR expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
How Do Teachers’ Motivation and Emotion Influence Their Instructional Behaviour? A Synthesis of Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Findings
Authors: Lazarides Rebecca , Schiefele Ulrich , Daumiller Martin , Dresel Markus
Published: June 2023

Teacher motivation and emotion are central prerequisites for the instructional process, as well as for students’ motivational, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Research findings indicate that teacher motivational and affective characteristics are linked to teaching behaviours, and through these links relate to student educational outcomes. However, the processes through which teachers’ motivation and emotion are linked to their teaching behaviour are still not sufficiently understood. In this synthesis, we review the literature on teacher motivation and emotion and their relations to teaching behaviours and student outcomes. We place a particular focus on the processes that might explain their effects oninstructional behaviours. To identify such processes, we review motivational theories and educational research and deduce research gaps and future research questions. Based on the synthesis of existing research gaps, we propose a heuristic model that conceptualizes the processes that might link teacher motivation and teaching behaviours. Our integrative view should extend our knowledge about how different components of teacher motivation and emotion relate to teaching behaviours.
Assessing Challenges confronting Primary Healthcare System in the Management of Noncommunicable Diseases in a Municipality in Ghana
Authors: Twum Peter
Published: June 2023

Primary healthcare is universally recognised as the most efficient and effective way of controlling and managing NCDs. However, mortality emanating from NCDs in Ghana is over 40%. This study was therefore conducted to assess the challenges of the primary healthcare system in the Asokore Mampong Municipality in managing NCDs.
Towards a Framework for Unifying Research in Theoretical Psychology
Authors: Medintsev Vladislav
Published: June 2023

According to one of the points of view discussed, psychological knowledge must be unified in order to overcome theoretical fragmentation. Those who are concerned about the lack of a unified theory in psychology explore various aspects of disunity and the possibility of unifying theoretical psychology. In recent decades, a number of approaches to unification have been developed, and now theoretical studies of unification need to be harmonized.
Sample size matters when estimating variability of flexible, goal directed behaviour
Authors: Williams Brendan , FitzGibbon Lily , Brady Daniel , Christakou Anastasia
Published: June 2023

Reversal learning is commonly used to assay cognitive and behavioural flexibility in psychology and neuroscience, with previous work demonstrating reliable behavioural, computational, and neural measures using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), a commonly used reliability metric. Here we assess the reliability of behavioural and computational measures of reversal learning using data collected from a large online sample (N=150). We first quantify reliability using ICC and variance decomposition and find ICC measures in line with the wider literature. We use this dataset as the basis of a simulation study to investigate effects of sample size on variance component estimation, and the association between estimates of variance components and ICC measures. We found that sample size significantly influences the accuracy of estimates of variance decomposition into between-subjects, within-subjects (across-session), and error sources, both for behavioural measures of task performance, and for parameter estimates from reinforcement learning models. These effects of sample size on variance component estimates plateaued at sample sizes of 88 for behavioural measures, and 64 for computational modelling parameters, suggesting larger sample sizes than are commonly used for behavioural reliability studies (circa 30) are necessary to robustly estimate reliability of task performance measures. Additionally, we found that ICC estimates (commonly used to assess reliability) showed highly positive and highly negative correlations respectively with between-subject and error variance components as might be expected, which remained relatively stable across sample sizes. However, ICC estimates were weakly or not correlated with within-subjects variance, providing evidence for the importance of variance decomposition for reliability studies.
Baby steps in evaluating the capacities of large language models
Authors: Frank Michael C.
Published: June 2023

Large language models show remarkable capacities, but it is unclear what abstractions support their behavior. Methods from developmental psychology can help researchers understand the representations used by these models, complementing standard computational approaches—and perhaps leading to insights about the nature of mind.
When randomisation hurts
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas
Published: June 2023

Short journal club on the unintended consequences of randomisation in time perception research.
How do linguistic illusions arise? Rational inference and good-enough processing as competing latent processes within individuals
Authors: Paape Dario
Published: June 2023

Non-literal interpretations of implausible sentences such as "The mother gave the candle the daughter" have been taken as evidence for a rational error-correction mechanism that reconstructs the intended utterance from the ill-formed input ("... gave the daughter the candle"). However, the good-enough processing framework offers an alternative explanation: readers sometimes miss problematic aspects of sentences because they are only processing them superficially, which leads to acceptability illusions. As a synthesis of these accounts, I propose that conscious rational inferences about errors on the one hand and good-enough processing on the other are competing latent processes that simultaneously occur within the same comprehender. In support of this view, I present data from a two-dimensional grammaticality/ interpretability judgment task with different types of subtly ill-formed sentences. Both rational inference and good-enough processing predict positive interpretability judgments for such sentences, but only good-enough processing also predicts positive grammaticality judgments. By fitting a lognormal race model jointly to judgments and response latencies, I show that rational inference and good-enough processing actively trade off with each other during reading. Furthermore, individual differences measures reveal that participant traits such as linguistic pedantry, interpretational charity, and analytic/intuitive cognitive styles contribute to variability in the processing patterns.
“We controlled for race and ethnicity...” Recommendations for the responsible use and communication of race and ethnicity in neuroimaging research
Authors: Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Gonzalez Marybel Robledo
Published: June 2023

The growing availability of large-population human biomedical datasets provides researchers with unique opportunities to conduct rigorous and impactful studies on brain and behavioral development, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of neurodevelopment in diverse populations. However, the patterns observed in these datasets are more likely to be influenced by upstream structural inequities (i.e., structural racism), which can lead to health disparities based on race, ethnicity, and social class. This paper addresses the need for guidance and self-reflection in biomedical research on conceptualizing, contextualizing, and communicating issues related to race and ethnicity. We provide recommendations as a starting point for researchers to rethink race and ethnicity choices in study design, model specification, statistical analysis, and communication of results, implement practices to avoid the further stigmatization of historically minoritized groups, and engage in research practices that counteract existing harmful biases.
SUICIDE UNDER THE FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYTICAL VIEW
Authors: de Sousa Wanderson Silva Macedo
Published: June 2023

n the globalized world, especially in the West, the term suicide is used to define self-inflicted actions that can cause harm to the individual, and includes suicidal ideation, attempts, and the act itself. Thus, this article aims to show the psychoanalytic view of suicide in a world in rapid transformation. This is a descriptive analysis about suicide from a psychoanalytical point of view. This subject was addressed by several authors showing how psychoanalysis manifests itself on this malaise and its consequences in a globalized world on the subject of suicide from a psychoanalytic perspective in the Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) database and electronic journals in psychology (PAPSIC).
Tunneling magnetoresistance calculation for double quantum dot connected in parallel shape to ferromagnetic Leads
Authors: Nazar Laith , Salman T. A.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a theoretical model for electron transport through symmetric system consisting of two baths interferometer with one single-level quantum dot in each of its arms was considered. In this model, the dots are attached to ferromagnetic leads with parallel and antiparallel magnetic configurations. Green's function technique in this model was used. Our focus is on the Transport characteristics of conductance (G) and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). A special attention to the influence of an applied magnetics flux on the characteristics of conductance and tunneling magnetoresistance was paid. Concerning the study of the conductance, it was found that the effect of bonding (antibonding) states is most obvious in quantum dots at various values of the magnetic field. The change in spin-polarization value was seen to affect the increase and decrease in the conductance value. We noticed a difference in calculation of TMR in the bonding and the antibonding states, where the results show Strong dissonance in bonding state and strong attraction in antibonding state.
Physiochemical and Microbiological Investigation of Surface and Ground Water Contaminants of Bhojpur Municipality
Authors: Gupta Dipak Kumar , Bhandari Dal Bahadur , Chaudhary Prabhat Kumar , Yadav Amar Prasad
Published: June 2023

Water is an essential resource for life evolution. 75% of the whole earth is covered by water. The water sources that flow through the social periphery represent the development and awareness of that society. This paper focuses on investigating contaminants of different water sources within Bhojpur Municipality. The six different water samples, based on their different latitudes, were collected following all the guidelines. The physiochemical parameters and microbiological organisms like E. Coli were tested and analyzed. The results revealed that the physiochemical parameters were mostly found to be within the guideline and standardization of the World Health Organization (WHO), but in the Silichung water sample, the number of bacteria was found to be out of the WHO limit. Physiochemical parameters like total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), and chloride content were not found under the guideline of WHO. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content was found more in the water sample of Bahundhara, whereas Bhandari well sample had a low amount of DO among the other samples. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) level in Sera Khola sample was found more, while Silichung sample had a low amount of BOD, indicating Sera Khola water sample is a bit more polluted than others. On microbiological testing, the Silichung water sample was tested with Providencia spp, indicating not useful for drinking purposes. Thus, it reveals that the Silichung water should not take directly, which is rich in Providencia spp. Other physiochemical parameters of other samples were found to be within the range of WHO.
Human Capital and Poverty Lessening of Nepal: Vector Error Correction Model
Authors: Gajurel Ram Prasad
Published: June 2023

Human capital is widely recognized as the fundamental basis for a nation's ability to maintain a high standard of living. This paper aims to evaluate Nepal's human capital and its impact on poverty reduction. The study utilizes time series data spanning from 1990 to 2021. To achieve the objectives of this research, the Johansen cointegration, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality methods are employed. The overall findings reveal that human capital formation is particularly effective and significant in reducing poverty in Nepal in the short term. There is strong evidence indicating that investing in health is crucial for sustainable poverty reduction. However, education spending appears to have only a temporary effect on poverty alleviation in Nepal. Additionally, education demonstrates a positive association with gross fixed capital formation, employment, gross enrollment, and HDI, but not with health spending. It's important to note that this study covers a limited observation period of 32 years, and proxies for variables such as poverty reduction and human capital are constrained. Nevertheless, this research contributes by employing updated time-series data and aims to address the literature gap regarding the relationship between human capital and poverty reduction in Nepal. To effectively combat poverty in Nepal, the government should need to finance healthcare and education. Simultaneously, a policy emphasizing investment in both education and healthcare should be implemented, as this will contribute to fixed capital formation and enhance the quality of life through employment and income generation.