bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Auxiliary Function Method for Global Minimization in Integer Programming
Authors: Lin Hongwei , Wang Yuping , Wang Xiaoli
Published: November 2011

An auxiliary function method is proposed for finding the global minimizer of integer programming problem. Firstly, we propose a method to transform the original problem into an integer programming with box constraint, which does not change the properties of the original problem. For the transformed problem, we propose an auxiliary function to escape from the current local minimizer and to get a better one. Then, based on the proposed auxiliary function, a new algorithm to find the global minimizer of integer programming is proposed. At last, numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Microcanonical Entropy of the Infinite-State Potts Model
Authors: Johansson Jonas , Pistol Mats-Erik
Published: November 2011

In this investigation we show that the entropy of the two-dimensional infinite-state Potts model is linear in configurational energy in the thermodynamic limit. This is a direct consequence of the local convexity of the microcanonical entropy, associated with a finite system undergoing a first-order transition. For a sufficiently large number of states , this convexity spans the entire energy range of the model. In the thermodynamic limit, the convexity becomes insignificant, and the microcanonical entropy (the logarithm of the density of states) tends to a straight line. In order to demonstrate the behaviour of the convexity, we use the Wang-Landau Monte-Carlo technique to numerically calculate
the density of states for a few finite but high values of . Finally, we calculate the free energy and discuss the generality of our results.
Ewing's Sarcoma of the Zygomatic Arch Presenting in a 69-Year Old: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Mennie Joanna C. , Reid Robin , Cowie Fiona , Hilmi Omar
Published: November 2011

Objective. We report a rare case of Ewing's sarcoma of the zygomatic arch presenting in a 69-year-old patient.Method. Case report and a review of the world literature on Ewing's sarcoma incidence and management.Results. Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant round cell tumour of neuroectodermal origin that typically presents in the pelvis and long bones of children and adolescent boys. This report is the first to document the presentation of ewing's sarcoma of the zygomatic arch in a 69-year-old lady. Our patient underwent surgical excision and radiotherapy and at 4-year followup has no signs of recurrence or metastasis.Conclusion. To our knowledge this is the first case report to document Ewing's sarcoma of this location in a 69-year-old patient. This case report highlights the importance of diagnostic investigations in Ewing's sarcoma and discusses the management issues that this rare presentation raises.
Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma (SPTL) in a Child with Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Bittencourt Achiléa L. , Vieira Maria das Graças Silva , Carvalho Eny Guimarães , Cunha Celeste , Araujo Iguaracyra
Published: November 2011

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas (SPTLs) α/β are rare in childhood. The present report refers to a case of a 7-year-old male child presenting an extensive skin lesion that began when he was 5 years of age. Two biopsies were evaluated using the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56,βF1, and TIA markers. A dense infiltrate of CD3+, CD4−, CD8+, CD56−,βF1+, and TIA+ pleomorphic lymphocytes was found in the subcutis. The previous biopsy showed cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis with a small focus on CD8+ andβF1+ malignant cells. The lesion regressed spontaneously. This case shows that prognosis may be excellent in SPTL (α/β). On the other hand, it also serves as an alert that a biopsy performed in an area of cytophagic panniculitis may lead to misdiagnosis.
How to Generate Chaos from Switching System: A Saddle Focus of Index 1 and Heteroclinic Loop‐Based Approach
Authors: Bao Fang , Yu Simin
Published: November 2011

There exist two different types of equilibrium points in 3‐D autonomous systems, named as saddle foci of index 1 and index 2, which are crucial for chaos generation. Although saddle foci of index 2 have been usually applied for creating double‐scroll or double‐wing chaotic attractors, saddle foci of index 1 are further considered for chaos generation in this paper. A novel approach for constructing chaotic systems is investigated by applying the switching control strategy and yielding a heteroclinic loop which connects two saddle foci of index 1. A basic 3‐D linear system with an arbitrary normal direction of the eigenplane, possessing a saddle focus of index 1 whose corresponding eigenvalues satisfy the Shil′nikov inequality, is first introduced. Then a heteroclinic loop connecting two saddle foci of index 1 will be formed by applying the switching control strategy to the basic 3‐D linear system. The heteroclinic loop consists of an unstable manifold, a stable manifold, and a heteroclinic point. Under the necessary conditions for forming the heteroclinic loop, the intended two‐segmented piecewise linear system which exhibits the chaotic behavior in the sense of the Smale horseshoe can be finally constructed. An illustrative example is given, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Routing-Aware Clustering Algorithms for Two-Tiered Sensor Networks
Authors: Bari Ataul , Luo Fangyun , Jaekel Arunita , Bandyopadhyay Subir
Published: November 2011

In hierarchical two-tiered sensor networks, higher-powered relay nodes can be used as cluster heads for designing scalable sensor networks. It has been shown that, in such networks, the assignment of sensor nodes to clusters plays an important role in determining the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we have proposed two routing-aware, distributed algorithms for assigning sensor nodes to clusters in two-tiered networks. The first heuristic assumes that all relay nodes, acting as cluster heads, send their data directly to the base station. The second heuristic relaxes this assumption and is to be used with any network where each relay node uses a multihop route to send its data to the base station. Unlike conventional clustering algorithms, our approaches take into consideration the routing scheme used by the relay nodes, and attempt to balance the energy dissipation of the nodes. We have compared the results of our distributed approaches with the optimal solutions obtained using an integer linear program (ILP) formulation, as well as existing techniques, based on heuristics. The results indicate that our approaches, on average, can produce results that are close to the optimal solutions and consistently outperform existing heuristics.
A Lagrange Relaxation Method for Solving Weapon‐Target Assignment Problem
Authors: Ni Mingfang , Yu Zhanke , Ma Feng , Wu Xinrong
Published: November 2011

We study the weapon‐target assignment (WTA) problem which has wide
applications in the area of defense‐related operations research. This problem calls for
finding a proper assignment of weapons to targets such that the total expected damaged
value of the targets to be maximized. The WTA problem can be formulated as a nonlinear
integer programming problem which is known to be NP‐complete. There does not
exist any exact method for the WTA problem even small size problems, although several
heuristic methods have been proposed. In this paper, Lagrange relaxation method is
proposed for the WTA problem. The method is an iterative approach which is to decompose
the Lagrange relaxation into two subproblems, and each subproblem can be easy
to solve to optimality based on its specific features. Then, we use the optimal solutions
of the two subproblems to update Lagrange multipliers and solve the Lagrange relaxation
problem iteratively. Our computational efforts signify that the proposed method
is very effective and can find high quality solutions for the WTA problem in reasonable
amount of time.
Hepatothorax: A Rare Outcome of High-Speed Trauma
Authors: Porcelli Matthew , Prychyna Oksana , Rosenthal Andrew , DeCostanza Joseph
Published: November 2011

Diaphragmatic ruptures are the result of severe blunt trauma or penetrating trauma. Motor vehicle crashes are a common mechanism associated with blunt diaphragmatic rupture (BDR). Incorporating diagnostic tools and laparotomy assist in the diagnosis and treatment of BDR. However, diagnosing BDR can be a challenge for practitioners. Early diagnosis and treatment improve the patient's outcomes. This paper details the events of a patient received in a level I trauma unit.
Relational Aggression in Preschool Students: An Exploration of the Variables of Sex, Age, and Siblings
Authors: Morine Karen A. , Crothers Laura M. , Schreiber James B. , Kolbert Jered B. , Hughes Tammy L. , Schmitt Ara J.
Published: November 2011

In this study, researchers wished to ascertain whether there were age (three- and four-year old), sibling (with or without older siblings), and sex (male and female) differences in the use of relational aggression in preschool students as rated by peers and teachers. In order to answer this research question, two 2 × 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA procedures with the relational aggression composite score as the dependent variable on the PSBS-P and PSBS-T were used for peer and teacher assessment, respectively, of relational aggression. Results revealed that in the peer ratings of preschool students' relationally aggressive behavior, there was an disordinal age by sibling interaction, in which four-year-old children with siblings were significantly more likely to be rated by their peers as using relational aggression than three-year-old children without siblings. In the teacher ratings of preschool students' relationally aggressive behavior, a main effect for age was observed. Teachers rated four-year old children as evidencing significantly higher levels of relational aggression as compared to three-year-olds. No sex differences were observed in the use of relational aggression either at age three or age four in this sample. Implications for these findings are presented.
Thrombotic Events Associated to Aspirin Therapy
Authors: Doutremepuich Christian , Aguejouf Omar , Desplat Vanessa , Duprat Dominique , Eizayaga Francisco X.
Published: November 2011

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) is widely used in clinical practice. Previous studies done in rats showed unexpected thrombotic potencies of this drug used at ultra-low doses. This review is the first report in which the effects of a wide range of ASA concentration on a microvessel model of laser-induced thrombus formation and Induced Hemorrhagic Time in animals were largely studied.
Recent Advances in Epidural Analgesia
Authors: Bauer Maria , George John E. , Seif John , Farag Ehab
Published: November 2011

Neuraxial anesthesia is a term that denotes all forms of central blocks, involving the spinal, epidural, and caudal spaces. Epidural anesthesia is a versatile technique widely used in anesthetic practice. Its potential to decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality has been demonstrated by numerous studies. To maximize its perioperative benefits while minimizing potential adverse outcomes, the knowledge of factors affecting successful block placement is essential. This paper will provide an overview of the pertinent anatomical, pharmacological, immunological, and technical aspects of epidural anesthesia in both adult and pediatric populations and will discuss the recent advances, the related rare but potentially devastating complications, and the current recommendations for the use of anticoagulants in the setting of neuraxial block placement.
Molecular Profiling of Aggressive Lymphomas
Authors: Rossi Maura , Laginestra Maria Antonella , Gazzola Anna , Sapienza Maria Rosaria , Pileri Stefano A. , Piccaluga Pier Paolo
Published: November 2011

In the last years, several studies of molecular profiling of aggressive lymphomas were performed. In particular, it was shown that DLBCL can be distinguished in two different entities according to GEP. Specifically, ABC and GCB subtypes were characterized by having different pathogenetic and clinical features. In addition, it was demonstrated that DLBCLs are distinct from BL. Indeed, the latter is a unique molecular entity. However, relevant pathological differences emerged among the clinical subtypes. More recently, microRNA profiling provided further information concerning BL-DLBCL distinction as well as for their subclassification. In this paper, the authors based on their own experience and the most updated literature review, the main concept on molecular profiling of aggressive lymphomas.
Impact of Anxiety on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hanna Kristine K. , Cronin-Golomb Alice
Published: November 2011

In Parkinson's disease (PD), both the patient and the health care provider look for ways to preserve the patient's quality of life. Many studies focus on the impact of depression and motor disability on poor life quality but neglect to examine the role of anxiety. We investigated the impact of anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life in PD, using the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life measure (PDQ-39). Symptoms of anxiety, more than depression, cognitive status, or motor stage, significantly affected quality of life in 38 nondemented patients with mild-to-moderate motor disability. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that anxiety explained 29% of the variance in the PDQ-39 sum score, and depression explained 10% of the variance beyond that accounted for by anxiety. The findings suggest that primary management of anxiety as well as depression may be important to optimizing the quality of life of PD patients.
Care of the Critically Ill Emergency Department Patient with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Joslin Jennifer , Ostermann Marlies
Published: November 2011

Introduction.Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common and associated with significant mortality and complications. Exact data on the epidemiology of AKI in the Emergency Department (ED) are sparse. This review aims to summarise the key principles for managing AKI patients in the ED.Principal Findings. Timely resuscitation, goal-directed correction of fluid depletion and hypotension, and appropriate management of the underlying illness are essential in preventing or limiting AKI. There is no specific curative therapy for AKI. Key principles of secondary prevention are identification of patients with early AKI, discontinuation of nephrotoxic medication where possible, attention to fluid resuscitation, and awareness of the risks of contrast-induced nephropathy. In patients with advanced AKI, arrangements for renal replacement therapy need to be made before the onset of life-threatening uraemic complications.Conclusions. Research and guidelines regarding AKI in the ED are lacking and AKI practice from critical care departments should be adopted.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xu Jiancheng , Zhou Qi , Xu Wei , Cai Lu
Published: November 2011

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle entrusted with lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, protein folding, and maturation. Perturbation of ER-associated functions results in an evolutionarily conserved cell stress response, the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is also called ER stress. ER stress is aimed initially at compensating for damage but can eventually trigger cell death if ER stress is excessive or prolonged. Now the ER stress has been associated with numerous diseases. For instance, our recent studies have demonstrated the important role of ER stress in diabetes-induced cardiac cell death. It is known that apoptosis has been considered to play a critical role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, this paper will summarize the information from the literature and our own studies to focus on the pathological role of ER stress in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying UPR activation and ER-initiated apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy will provide us with new targets for drug discovery and therapeutic intervention.
Analysis of the Release Characteristics of Cu-Treated Antimicrobial Implant Surfaces Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Zietz Carmen , Fritsche Andreas , Finke Birgit , Stranak Vitezslav , Haenle Maximilian , Hippler Rainer , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer
Published: November 2011

New developments of antimicrobial implant surfaces doped with copper (Cu) ions may minimize the risk of implant-associated infections. However, experimental evaluation of the Cu release is influenced by various test parameters. The aim of our study was to evaluate the Cu release characteristicsin vitroaccording to the storage fluid and surface roughness. Plasma immersion ion implantation of Cu (Cu-PIII) and pulsed magnetron sputtering process of a titanium copper film (Ti-Cu) were applied to titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) samples with different surface finishing of the implant material (polished, hydroxyapatite and corundum blasted). The samples were submersed into either double-distilled water, human serum, or cell culture medium. Subsequently, the Cu concentration in the supernatant was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The test fluid as well as the surface roughness can alter the Cu release significantly, whereby the highest Cu release was determined for samples with corundum-blasted surfaces stored in cell medium.
MicroRNA Molecular Profiles Associated with Diagnosis, Clinicopathologic Criteria, and Overall Survival in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jamieson Nigel B. , Morran Douglas C. , Morton Jennifer P. , Ali Asif , Dickson Euan J. , Carter C. Ross , Sansom Owen J. , Evans T.R. Jeffry , McKay Colin J. , Oien Karin A.
Published: November 2011

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNA) have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets in cancer. We sought to establish the relationship between miRNA expression and clinicopathologic parameters, including prognosis, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Experimental Design: Global miRNA microarray expression profiling of prospectively collected fresh-frozen PDAC tissue was done on an initial test cohort of 48 patients, who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2003 and 2008 at a single institution. We evaluated association with tumor stage, lymph node status, and site of recurrence, in addition to overall survival, using Cox regression multivariate analysis. Validation of selected potentially prognostic miRNAs was done in a separate cohort of 24 patients.

Results: miRNA profiling identified expression signatures associated with PDAC, lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, and 20 miRNAs were associated with overall survival. In the initial cohort of 48 PDAC patients, high expression of miR-21 (HR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.21–8.58) and reduced expression of miR-34a (HR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06–0.37) and miR-30d (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12–0.79) were associated with poor overall survival following resection independent of clinical covariates. In a further validation set of 24 patients, miR-21 and miR-34a expression again significantly correlated with overall survival (P = 0.031 and P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Expression patterns of miRNAs are significantly altered in PDAC. Aberrant expression of a number of miRNAs was independently associated with reduced survival, including overexpression of miR-21 and underexpression of miR-34a.

Summary: miRNA expression profiles for resected PDAC were examined to identify potentially prognostic miRNAs. miRNA microarray analysis identified statistically unique profiles, which could discriminate PDAC from paired nonmalignant pancreatic tissues as well as molecular signatures that differ according to pathologic features. miRNA expression profiles correlated with overall survival of PDAC following resection, indicating that miRNAs provide prognostic utility. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 534–45. ©2011 AACR.
WEE1 Inhibition Sensitizes Basal Breast Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Garimella Sireesha V. , Rocca Andrea , Lipkowitz Stanley
Published: November 2011

TRAIL is a member of the TNF super family and has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cancer cell lines but not in normal cells. Breast cancers can be divided into different subgroups on the basis of the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2 amplification, or the lack of these three markers (known as triple-negative or basal-type breast cancer). Our group and others have shown previously that triple-negative breast cancer cell lines are sensitive to TRAIL whereas others are relatively resistant. In an earlier study, we reported that inhibition of WEE1, a cell-cycle checkpoint regulator, causes increased cell death in breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we tested the effects of WEE1 inhibition on TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Pretreatment with WEE1 inhibitor or knockdown of WEE1 increased the toxicity of TRAIL in the basal/triple-negative breast cancer cell lines compared with WEE1 inhibitor or TRAIL treatment alone. The enhanced cell death is attributed to increased surface expression of death receptors, increased caspase activation which could be blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, thereby rescuing cells from caspase-mediated apoptosis. The cell death was initiated primarily by caspase-8 because knockdown of caspase-8 and not of any other initiator caspases (i.e., caspase-2, -9, or -10) rescued cells from WEE1 inhibitor–sensitized TRAIL-induced cell death. Taken together, the data suggest that the combination of WEE1 inhibitor and TRAIL could provide a novel combination for the treatment of basal/triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 10(1); 75–85. ©2011 AACR.
The ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCG2 Protects Against Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure by Promoting Angiogenesis and Antioxidant Response
Authors: Higashikuni Yasutomi , Sainz Julie , Nakamura Kazuto , Takaoka Minoru , Enomoto Soichiro , Iwata Hiroshi , Tanaka Kimie , Sahara Makoto , Hirata Yasunobu , Nagai Ryozo , Sata Masataka
Published: November 2011

Objective—

ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), expressed in microvascular endothelial cells in the heart, has been suggested to regulate several tissue defense mechanisms. This study was performed to elucidate its role in pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods and Results—

Pressure overload was induced in 8- to 12-week-old wild-type and
Abcg2
−/−
mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC).
Abcg2
−/−
mice showed exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling after TAC compared with wild-type mice. In the early phase after TAC, functional impairment in angiogenesis and antioxidant response in myocardium was found in
Abcg2
−/−
mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ABCG2 regulates transport of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant, from microvascular endothelial cells. Besides, glutathione transported from microvascular endothelial cells in ABCG2-dependent manner ameliorated oxidative stress–induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In vivo, glutathione levels in plasma and the heart were increased in wild-type mice but not in
Abcg2
−/−
mice after TAC. Treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in
Abcg2
−/−
mice after TAC to the same extent as that in wild-type mice, although cardiac dysfunction with impaired angiogenesis was observed in
Abcg2
−/−
mice.

Conclusion—

ABCG2 protects against pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by promoting angiogenesis and antioxidant response.
Factors Related to Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: O'Connor Christopher M. , Whellan David J. , Wojdyla Daniel , Leifer Eric , Clare Robert M. , Ellis Stephen J. , Fine Lawrence J. , Fleg Jerome L. , Zannad Faiez , Keteyian Steven J. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Kraus William E. , Rendall David , Piña Ileana L. , Cooper Lawton S. , Fiuzat Mona , Lee Kerry L.
Published: November 2011

Background—

We aimed to develop a multivariable statistical model for risk stratification in patients with chronic heart failure with systolic dysfunction, using patient data that are routinely collected and easily obtained at the time of initial presentation.

Methods and Results—

In a cohort of 2331 patients enrolled in the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing) study (New York Heart Association class II–IV, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.35, randomized to exercise training and usual care versus usual care alone, median follow-up of 2.5 years), we performed risk modeling using Cox proportional hazards models and analyzed the relationship between baseline clinical factors and the primary composite end point of death or all-cause hospitalization and the secondary end point of all-cause death alone. Prognostic relationships for continuous variables were examined using restricted cubic spline functions, and key predictors were identified using a backward variable selection process and bootstrapping methods. For ease of use in clinical practice, point-based risk scores were developed from the risk models. Exercise duration on the baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test was the most important predictor of both the primary end point and all-cause death. Additional important predictors for the primary end point risk model (in descending strength) were Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire symptom stability score, higher serum urea nitrogen, and male sex (all
P
<0.0001). Important additional predictors for the mortality risk model were higher serum urea nitrogen, male sex, and lower body mass index (all
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—

Risk models using simple, readily obtainable clinical characteristics can provide important prognostic information in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure with systolic dysfunction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00047437.
Regulated Expression and Role of c-Myb in the Cardiovascular-Directed Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Ishida Masayoshi , El-Mounayri Omar , Kattman Steven , Zandstra Peter , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Ogawa Minetaro , Keller Gordon , Husain Mansoor
Published: November 2011

Rationale:

c-myb
null (knockout) embryonic stem cells (ESC) can differentiate into cardiomyocytes but not contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC) in embryoid bodies (EB).

Objective:

To define the role of c-Myb in SMC differentiation from ESC.

Methods and Results:

In wild-type (WT) EB, high c-Myb levels on days 0–2 of differentiation undergo ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation on days 2.5–3, resurging on days 4–6, without changing
c-myb
mRNA levels. Activin-A and bone morphogenetic protein 4–induced cardiovascular progenitors were isolated by FACS for expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α. By day 3.75, hematopoesis-capable VEGFR2+ cells were fewer, whereas cardiomyocyte-directed VEGFR2+/PDGFRα+ cells did not differ in abundance in knockout versus WT EB. Importantly, highest and lowest levels of c-Myb were observed in VEGFR2+ and VEGFR2+/PDGFRα+ cells, respectively. Proteosome inhibitor MG132 and lentiviruses enabling inducible expression or knockdown of
c-myb
were used to regulate c-Myb in WT and knockout EB. These experiments showed that c-Myb promotes expression of VEGFR2 over PDGFRα, with chromatin immunopreciptation and promoter-reporter assays defining specific c-Myb–responsive binding sites in the VEGFR2 promoter. Next, FACS-sorted VEGFR2+ cells expressed highest and lowest levels of SMC- and fibroblast-specific markers, respectively, at days 7–14 after retinoic acid (RA) as compared with VEGFR2+/PDGFRα+ cells. By contrast, VEGFR2+/PDGFRα+ cells cultured without RA beat spontaneously, like cardiomyocytes between days 7 and 14, and expressed cardiac troponin. Notably, RA was required to more fully differentiate SMC from VEGFR2+ cells and completely blocked differentiation of cardiomyocytes from VEGFR2+/PDGFRα+ cells.

Conclusions:

c-Myb is tightly regulated by proteosomal degradation during cardiovascular-directed differentiation of ESC, expanding early-stage VEGFR2+ progenitors capable of RA–responsive SMC formation.
Addressing the Climate Change—Sustainable Development Nexus
Authors: Pinkse Jonatan , Kolk Ans
Published: November 2011

While calls are being made to deal with the linkages between climate change and sustainable development to arrive at an integrated policy, concrete steps in this direction have been very limited so far. One of the possible instruments through which both issues may be approached simultaneously is a multistakeholder partnership, a form of governance with the potential to address existing regulatory, participation, resource and learning gaps as it harnesses the strengths of private, public, and nonprofit partners. There is some insight into partnerships for climate change, but largely limited to developed countries, and those in developing countries most often do not involve companies. To help fill this gap, this article explores the role of multistakeholder partnerships in addressing climate change and sustainable development in developing-country settings. It elaborates on the governance function of partnerships, on actor involvement, the gaps addressed, as well as synergies and trade-offs in the climate change-sustainable development nexus and how partnerships may help address them. As the number of such partnerships is still limited, we discuss seven illustrative partnerships and draw conclusions as to further conceptualizations and implications for research and practice.
The ClimateWise Principles
Authors: Thistlethwaite Jason
Published: November 2011

In recent years, the private insurance sector has started to incorporate climate change issues into its standard business practices and even begun to lobby governments to regulate and reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The establishment of the ClimateWise Principles (ClimateWise) in 2007 embodies this effort. ClimateWise is an example of what scholars studying corporate strategy identify as a self-regulatory institution. To date, however, academic scholarship has failed to explain the emergence and function of ClimateWise, a unique initiative designed to leverage the insurance industry’s technical and political authority in governing climate change risks. This article will make the case that ClimateWise emerged in response to strategic incentives to reduce exposure to climate change risks, but that the form of this unusual self-regulatory institution was driven by institutional conditions.
Dental Afferents Project onto Gustatory Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Authors: Braud A. , Vandenbeuch A. , Zerari-Mailly F. , Boucher Y.
Published: November 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and chorda tympani (CT) projections onto gustatory neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the rat by immunochemical and electrophysiological techniques. IAN afferents were retrogradely labeled. NST neurons were labeled either by retrograde tracer injection into the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) or by c-Fos mapping after CT activation. NST neurons responding to tastant stimulation were recorded in vivo before and after electrical stimulation of the IAN. Results from the immunolabeling approach showed IAN boutons “en passant” apposed to retrogradely labeled neurons from PBN and to CT-activated neurons in the NST. Recordings of single NST neurons showed that the electrical stimulation of the IAN significantly decreased CT gustatory responses. Analysis of these data provides an anatomical and physiological basis to support trigeminal dental and gustatory interactions within the brainstem.
Taking Stock of the State
Authors: Pardue Derek
Published: November 2011

In 2003, Gilberto Gil, the new Brazilian minister of culture and legendary Brazilian popular music icon, announced a new project of cultural networking. Gil pitched the Cultural Points program to the Workers’ Party administration and to the public at large as a fundamental resource for revealing and circulating the various forms of expressive culture for all Brazilians to access. This program has had a direct impact on local hip-hoppers as they have found new, legitimized spaces for employment and artistic expression. An analysis based on experience with the Casa de Cultura Hip Hop in the São Paulo metropolitan area over the past decade sheds light on the relationship between the “left” turn in Latin American politics since 2000 and the role of popular culture in the contemporary formation of citizenship.

En 2003, Gilberto Gil, el nuevo Ministro de Cultura de Brasil y legendario ícono de la música popular brasileña, anunció un nuevo proyecto de creación de redes culturales. Gil propuso el programa Puntos de Cultura a la administración del Partido de los Trabajadores y al público en general como un recurso fundamental para revelar y difundir diversas formas de expresión cultural que estuvieran al acceso de todos los brasileños. Este programa ha tenido un impacto directo sobre los raperos locales, quienes han encontrado nuevos y legítimos espacios de empleo y expresión artística. Un análisis basado en los últimos diez años de experiencia de la Casa de Cultura Hip Hop, localizada en el área metropolitana de São Paulo, examina la relación entre el giro “izquierdista” de la política latinoamericana a partir del año 2000 y el papel de la cultura popular en la formación contemporánea de la ciudadanía.
Manufacturing Identities
Authors: Taube Rhonda
Published: November 2011

At their patron saints’ annual fiestas, the Maya and the Ladinos of western highland Guatemala perform dances in costumes that take their inspiration from film, television, music, and the Internet. The two groups adapt the costume dance to their own interests, and the tension between them is evident in the different types of costumes they rent and purchase. Ladino costumes distinguish their wearers as modern consumers, while K’iche’ costumes stress communitas, adding to the borrowed images to connect with indigenous forms of subsistence and lifestyle and to allow comment on proper forms of behavior and on social ills. The costume makers act as cultural intermediaries, producing both the context and the meaning of the dances and enabling performers and spectators alike to construct different identities through them.

Durante las fiestas anuales de sus santos patrones, los mayas y ladinos de los altos occidentales de Guatemala llevan a cabo danzas con vestuarios basados en el cine, la televisión, el ámbito musical y el Internet. Ambos grupos adaptan la vestimenta de acuerdo a sus intereses y la tensión entre ellos se hace evidente en el tipo de ropas que rentan y compran. Los vestuarios ladinos identifican a sus portadores como consumidores modernos, mientras que los K’iche’ enfatizan un sentido de comunidad, añadiendo imágenes prestadas que se conectan con formas de subsistencia y vida indígena a la vez que comentan sobre formas sancionadas de comportamiento y males sociales. Los fabricantes de vestuario fungen como intermediarios culturales, produciendo tanto el contexto como el significado de las danzas y permitiendo que tanto participantes como espectadores construyan diversas identidades a través de éste.
The Effect of Nurse-led Diabetes Self-management Education on Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Tshiananga Jacques Kande Tshiang , Kocher Serge , Weber Christian , Erny-Albrecht Katrina , Berndt Karsten , Neeser Kurt
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of nurse-led diabetes self-management education (DSME) on blood glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The electronic databases PubMed and ISIS Knowledge were searched for relevant randomized controlled studies published between 1999 and 2009. Effect size was calculated for change in A1C, blood pressure, and lipid levels using both fixed- and random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed on patient age, gender, diabetes type, baseline A1C, length of follow-up, and study setting.

Results

A total of 34 randomized controlled trials with a combined cohort size of 5993 patients was identified. Mean patient age was 52.8 years, 47% were male, and mean A1C at baseline was 8.5%. Mean change in A1C was a reduction by −0.70% for nurse-led DSME versus −0.21% with usual care (UC). This corresponded to an effect size of 0.506, using a random-effects model for nurse-led DSME versus UC. Effect size was significantly associated with patient age older than 65 years and with duration of follow-up. Nurse-led DSME was also associated with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among male patients, among those with good glycemic control, and in studies conducted in the United States.

Conclusions

Nurse-led DSME is associated with improved glycemic control, demonstrating that programs are most effective among seniors and with follow-up periods of 1 to 6 months. Future programs tailored to the needs of patients younger than 65 years may improve the impact of DSME on blood glucose.
The experience of the flow state in live music performance
Authors: Wrigley William J. , Emmerson Stephen B.
Published: November 2011

This study examined the optimal psychological state of flow in a live music performance context at an Australian tertiary music institution in order to advance understanding of this under-researched experience in music performance and education. The Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2) was administered to 236 students from five instrument families immediately after their performance examinations. A further aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the FSS-2 in order to determine its suitability for use as a measure of flow in music performance domains. The findings provided the first empirical confirmation of the validity and reliability of the flow model in live music performance. The flow experience was found to be consistent with findings from sport performance and did not vary substantially according to instrument type, year level, or gender. Most students in the sample did not believe they were sufficiently skilled to meet the challenge of the performance and most did not experience it as absorbing or enjoyable. The implications of the findings for the enhancement of teaching and learning methods were examined. Future research directions were discussed, particularly in regards to psychological skills training to help improve the music performance experience.
Erythrocyte oxidative damage in rat treated with CCl4
Authors: Makni Mohamed , Chtourou Yassine , Fetoui Hamadi , Garoui El Mouldi , Barkallah Mohamed , Marouani Chama , Kallel Choumous , Zeghal Najiba
Published: November 2011

Owing to the presence of hemoglobin and polyunsaturated fatty acids, erythrocytes are a convenient model to understand membrane oxidative damage induced by various xenobiotic pro-oxidants. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of vanillin, a naturally occurring food-flavoring agent, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced erythrocyte damages in Wistar albino rats. A single injection of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) caused a significant induction of oxidative damage as evidenced by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl levels and osmotic fragility accompanied with a significant decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities. Furthermore, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly elevated, while glutathione levels, glutathione- S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities were markedly reduced in the erythrocytes of CCl4-treated rats. Pretreatment of rats with vanillin (150 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 consecutive days before CCl4 injection protected erythrocytes against the increase of lipid peroxidation and degradation of membrane proteins compared to CCl4-treated rats and exhibited marked prevention against CCl4-induced oxidative stress, alterations of membrane-bound enzymes as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Our results suggest that vanillin plays a protective and curative role against the harmful effects of CCl4 on erythrocytes, thus ensuring membrane cell integrity.
Buccal Swab Analysis of Mitochondrial Enzyme Deficiency and DNA Defects in a Child With Suspected Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF)
Authors: Yorns William R. , Valencia Ignacio , Jayaraman Aditya , Sheth Sudip , Legido Agustin , Goldenthal Michael J.
Published: November 2011

The authors describe mitochondrial studies in a 6-year-old patient with a seizure disorder that can be seen in myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers. Using a recently developed noninvasive approach, analysis of buccal mitochondrial enzyme function revealed severe respiratory complex I and IV deficiencies in the patient. In addition, analysis of buccal mitochondrial DNA showed significant amounts of the common 5 kb and 7.4 kb mitochondrial DNA deletions, also detectable in blood. This study suggests that a buccal swab approach can be used to informatively examine mitochondrial dysfunction in children with seizures and may be applicable to screening mitochondrial disease with other clinical presentations.
Evaluation of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Ambulatory Children With Controlled Epilepsy on Valproate Monotherapy
Authors: Sahu Jitendra K. , Gulati Sheffali , Kabra Madhulika , Arya Ravindra , Sharma Rajni , Gupta Nandita , Kaleekal Thomas , Reeta Kh , Gupta Y. K.
Published: November 2011

There are conflicting reports in the literature about the influence of valproate on thyroid function. A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in ambulatory children aged 3 to 15 years with controlled epilepsy receiving valproate monotherapy for at least 6 months. Fifty-seven consecutive children with controlled epilepsy on valproate monotherapy and 52 healthy age- and sex-matched control children were studied. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, and serum valproic acid levels were measured. There was a significantly high ( P = .012) prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (26%) in those receiving valproate monotherapy compared with healthy controls (7.7%). Median duration of valproate therapy was significantly higher ( P = .039) in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (21 months, range 6-36) compared with those without subclinical hypothyroidism (14 months, range 6-25). Results of the present study suggest higher prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in children with controlled epilepsy on long-term valproate monotherapy.
The Usefulness of Electroencephalograms in a Survey of Children From the Western Cape of South Africa
Authors: Kander Veena , Riordan Gillian , Donald Kirsty , Wilmshurst Jo
Published: November 2011

There are few dedicated pediatric neurophysiology services in Africa. Optimizing the efficiency of these units is essential for the large populations they serve. Two hundred eighty-seven electroencephalogram (EEG) studies, performed in a sub-Saharan neurophysiology unit, were analyzed for referral sources, appropriateness of referral, reporting consistency, and use in confirming epilepsy or a neurologic process. Pediatric neurologists requested 24% of the electroencephalogram studies and pediatricians 45%. Pediatric neurologists requested more appropriate referrals than pediatricians or nonspecialists. The electroencephalogram studies assisted management in 40% of cases. Electroencephalogram studies for nonepileptic indications, such as syncope, were highly predictable and typically normal. Education and training in the management of children with epilepsy could improve requesting practice and the subsequent usefulness of electroencephalograms in the diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes. This is especially important in the context of a resource-poor country.
Alpers Syndrome
Authors: Khan Aneal , Trevenen Cynthia , Wei Xing-Chang , Sarnat Harvey B. , Payne Eric , Kirton Adam
Published: November 2011

Mitochondrial diseases are increasingly being recognized as causes of encephalopathy and intractable epilepsy. There is no gold-standard test for diagnosing mitochondrial disease, and the current diagnosis relies on establishing a consistent pattern of evidence from clinical data, neuroimaging, tissue biopsy, and biochemical, genetic, and other investigations. Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with certain forms of mitochondrial disease, such as Alpers syndrome, is largely gained from case reports or small case series. The authors describe a case of Alpers syndrome due to POLG1 mutations, including serial neuroimaging and pathological investigations, to illustrate two main points: (1) Unique characteristics evident on serial diffusion-weighted imaging can be a valuable indicator of Alpers syndrome; and (2) abnormal lipid metabolism can be present in Alpers syndrome, which may need to be considered when using a ketogenic diet.
Dynamic analysis of vibration-driven systems moving based on frictional locomotion principles
Authors: Eigoli A Kamali , Vossoughi GR
Published: November 2011

In this article, we investigate the dynamic analysis of vibration-driven systems moving based on frictional locomotion principles. Symmetrically actuating particles with longitudinal harmonic forces or with longitudinal vibration of the base does not lead to the net motion, unless the generated slip varies during back and forth motion. Harmonically varying the normal contact force and employing asymmetric friction coefficients are two approaches for obtaining frictional locomotion principles. In order to study the simultaneous effect of these required conditions of generating net displacement, a mathematical model is developed, and the resulting non-linear equations of motion are analytically solved. We have shown that the proposed model can be simply generalized to many other frictional, vibration-induced principles, such as the friction drive and the directional friction concepts. The obtained results are in good agreement with those achieved from numerical integration and experiments, reported in the literature. The presented theoretical findings can be effectively used for the design and control of this type of oscillators.
Football’s coming home: A critical evaluation of the Homeless World Cup as an intervention to combat social exclusion
Authors: Magee Jonathan , Jeanes Ruth
Published: November 2011

A key feature of government policy in the last 30 years is the use of sport programmes as a vehicle for social change aiming to benefit and improve the lives of marginalized and vulnerable members of society. Sports policy-makers and practitioners have sought to use the ‘power of sport’ through sport-based intervention programmes to tackle key social issues. The Homeless World Cup is an example of this, comprising a football tournament held annually since 2003 aiming to re-engage marginalized, vulnerable and socially excluded homeless people. This article focuses on a group of young male homeless players from a United Kingdom squad that attended the inaugural Homeless World Cup. Drawing upon observations and interview material, the findings centre on the benefits of engagement in the programme but also the challenges and difficulties specific to the circumstances surrounding this group of players. The article concludes with a preliminary assessment of the appropriateness of the HWC as a mechanism for assisting homeless people to overcome the multi-faceted and complex issues they face.