bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MHD Wave Propagation and the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in an Asymmetric Magnetic Slab System
Authors: Zsámberger Noémi Kinga , Tong Yihui , Asztalos Balázs , Erdélyi Róbert
Published: August 2022

Magnetohydrodynamic waves are ubiquitously detected in the finely structured solar atmosphere. At the same time, our Sun is a highly dynamic plasma environment, giving rise to flows of various magnitudes, which can lead to the instability of waveguides. Recent studies have employed the method of introducing waveguide asymmetry to generalize “classical” symmetric descriptions of the fine structuring within the solar atmosphere, with some of them introducing steady flows as well. Building on these recent studies, here we investigate the magnetoacoustic waves guided by a magnetic slab within an asymmetric magnetic environment, in which the slab is under the effect of a steady flow. We provide an analytical investigation of how the phase speeds of the guided waves are changed, and where possible, determine the limiting flow speeds required for the onset of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Furthermore, we complement the study with initial numerical results, which allows us to demonstrate the validity of our approximations and extend the investigation to a wider parameter regime. This configuration is part of a series of studies aimed to generalize, step-by-step, well-known symmetric waveguide models and understand the additional physics stemming from introducing further sources of asymmetry.
First Constraining Upper Limits on Gravitational-wave Emission from NS 1987A in SNR 1987A
Authors: Owen Benjamin J. , Lindblom Lee , Pinheiro Luciano Soares
Published: August 2022

We report on a search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from NS 1987A, the neutron star born in SN 1987A. The search covered a frequency band of 75–275 Hz, included a wide range of spin-down parameters for the first time, and coherently integrated 12.8 days of LIGO data below 125 Hz and 8.7 days of LIGO data above 125 Hz from the second Advanced LIGO–Virgo observing run. We found no astrophysical signal. We set upper limits on GW emission as tight as an intrinsic strain of 2 × 10−25 at 90% confidence. The large spin-down parameter space makes this search the first astrophysically consistent one for continuous GWs from NS 1987A. Our upper limits are the first consistent ones to beat an analog of the spin-down limit based on the age of the neutron star and hence are the first GW observations to put new constraints on NS 1987A.
The Negative Polarization Branch of Asteroid 47 Aglaja
Authors: Petrov D. V. , Kiselev N. N. , Zhuzhulina E. A.
Published: August 2022

The degree of linear polarization of the main-belt asteroid 47 Aglaja was measured at low phase angles. The data obtained made it possible to construct a complete branch of the negative polarization. Comparison with asteroids of the same spectral type and having equally high albedo values showed that asteroid 47 Aglaja has a much smaller negative polarization branch, which indicates a possible difference in the chemical composition or structure of matter on the surface.
Serum Chemerin and Apelin Levels in Obese Children: Relation to Endothelial Function and Inflammation from a Cross-sectional Case–Control Study
Authors: Zaki Moushira E. , ElGebaly Howida , Hassan Mona , Elbatrawy Salwa R. , Yousef Walaa , Ismail Ahmed S. , Ahmed Hanaa Hamdy
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a global threat with subsequent health problems among which and most important is cardiovascular problems. It is now claimed that adipokines secreted by adipose tissue are responsible for such consequences. Newly discovered adipokines chemerin and apelin are under investigation for their link with obesity related co-morbidites. AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess the serum levels of chemerin and apelin in obese children and to explore the correlation between these two biomarkers and the inflammatory as well as the endothelial cell activation markers PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional case control study that comprised 45 pre-pubertal obese children aged (6– < 12) years old of both sexes (22 males and 23 females), in addition to 45 matched age and sex lean children serving as controls (21 males and 24 females). Serum levels of chemerin, apelin, ICAM-1, E-selectin and hs-CRP were measured for obese and controls. RESULTS: Obese children showed higher levels of chemerin, apelin, ICAM-1 and E-selectin than controls. Chemerin and apelin showed significant correlations with all parameters except for age. Anthropometric parameters with hs-CRP revealed significant correlation even after adjustment for age and sex while apelin only showed a significant correlation with age. Multiple regression analyses with hs -CR , E-selectin and ICAM-1 as dependent variables and BMI Z score ,age, sex, chemerin and apelin as independent variables showed the effect of chemerin and apelin on  the increased  levels of hs -CR , E-selectin and ICAM-1 . CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of chemerin and apelin may serve as indices of ongoing obesity-related disorders in obese children.
Tissus européens contre draps français dans l’Empire ottoman. Histoire d’une substitution industrielle et technique à partir des années 1750
Authors: Minovez Jean-Michel
Published: August 2022

Après avoir dominé le marché et représenté le cœur des exportations françaises dans l’Empire ottoman, le commerce des draps de Languedoc entre dans une période de turbulence dès les années 1750. Le processus résulte de la perte de compétitivité face aux draps des États allemands et autrichiens ainsi que des tissus peignés anglais. Moins chers, mieux fabriqués, parés de beaux apprêts et couleurs – ce qui en fait des étoffes de goût –, ils se substituent progressivement aux tissus français. Pour rester compétitifs, sans produire à perte, les fabricants de Languedoc dégradent la qualité de leurs étoffes, rognant sur la qualité des laines et des teintures. Ils accentuent alors le rejet de leurs draps dont le commerce s’effondre à partir de 1784.
Métamorphoses et permanences des parcours professionnels en France (1968-2018)
Authors: Plault Marion
Published: August 2022

La thèse questionne l’idée selon laquelle la période contemporaine se caractérise par « un bouleversement en profondeur de la condition salariale » qui se traduirait par une transformation majeure des trajectoires professionnelles entre des générations successives de travailleur·euses. Les bases empiriques de ce « récit dominant » sont interrogées autour de trois dimensions des parcours professionnels : l’emploi et le non-emploi, l’instabilité professionnelle et la qualification. Les parcours professionnels de trois cohortes de travailleur·euses (1945, 1960 et 1975) sont comparés à partir de données issues des enquêtes Emploi et de l’Échantillon démographique permanent (EDP). L’hypothèse générale remet en question l’idée d’une opposition, dans les trajectoires professionnelles, entre les générations du « plein-emploi » insérées dans la vie active avant le milieu des années 1970 et les générations suivantes, aux parcours marqués par une dégradation généralisée des conditions d’emploi.
ROLE OF INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM IONS IN THE PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME
Authors: Magaldi M. , Moltoni L. , Biasi G. , Marcolongo R.
Published: August 2022

Today fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is considered to be a generalized nonarticular rheumatic condition. It shows typical symptoms such as chronic pain, asthenia, muscular tension and/or rigidity in articular, periarticular subcutaneous tissues, ligaments and tendon insertions. It is associated with a specific tenderness on palpation at tender points (TP)(l,2). FM is one of the most frequent rheumatic diseases affecting from 6% to 20% of rheumatology out-patients. It has a higher incidence in women aged between 25 and 45 years. [...]
CHEST CONDUCTION PROPERTIES AND ECG EQUALIZATION
Authors: Delle Cave G. , Fabricatore G . , Nolfe G. , Petrosino M . , Pizzuti G . P.
Published: August 2022

The final aim in the detection and recording of any biomedical signal is to obtain a faithful reconstruction of the "original" activity of human organs. It is often implicitly assumed that the signal propagation is frequency and voltage independent and, therefore, possible signal distortions and non linearities are neglected. It should be considered, indeed, that organs such as he,art and brain, are immersed in a medium macroscopically inhomogeneous and, somehow, anisotropic (e.g. bones, bloody vessels, air, etc . ) The problem of reconstructing the "true" electrical activity is made even more complex by an inaccurate knowledge of dielectric properties at boundaries (e.g. skin-conducting gel-electrodes). [...]
HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 27 IS OVEREXPRESSED IN THE SKIN OF BITUMEN EXPOSED WORKERS. EARLY OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Fenga C. , Loreto C. , Caltabiano C. , Germanò D.
Published: August 2022

Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are chaperones involved in cellular defence mechanism against several different types of aggression. The HSP27 is a member of this family ( 1) .

These molecules also participate in essential physiological processes, such as the regulation of cell cycle, differentiation, programmed cell death and tumorigenicity ( 2).

Physiologically, HSPs are found in several tissues such as breast, uterus, cervix, placenta and skin, as well as in diseases like actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis, psoriasis and others (3,4). HSP27 has also been demonstrated in normal human epidermis (5). [...]
Analysis of the on-ship transmission of the COVID-19 mass outbreak on the Republic of Korea Navy amphibious warfare ship
Authors: Cho Soo Hyeon , Kim Young-Man , Seong Gyeongyong , Park Sunkyun , Park Seoncheol , Lee Sang-Eun , Park Young Joon
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES: This investigation was conducted to determine the size and pattern, source, and transmission route of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) amphibious warfare ship.METHODS: We investigated the characteristics of all crew members and tracked the medical records of the confirmed cases. Fourteen essential ship operation personnel were interviewed. The study design was a retrospective cohort study, and the incidence rate ratio was through a statistical program.RESULTS: The COVID-19 incidence on the ROKN amphibious warfare ship was 44.7% (38/85). It was estimated that the main propagation route started from the 1st floor worker, which spread to the same floor, and then to other floors. In the case of the working area, the incidence rate of crew members below the 1st floor without ventilation was higher than those on the 2nd or higher floors with natural ventilation.CONCLUSIONS: This case is the first case of a COVID-19 outbreak on the ROKN amphibious warfare ship, and it is estimated that the incidence rate is high because of the closed and dense environment. To prevent the spread of various respiratory diseases including COVID-19, unified mitigation such as vaccination, observing personal quarantine rules, periodic ventilation, preemptive testing, and blocking transmission through prompt contact management is necessary.
Willingness to HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening and its predictors among women attending outpatient clinics in Meru District, Arusha Region, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Oneko Olola , J Mahande Michael , Amour Caroline , Pollie Meridith , Smith Cheyenne , B Mboya Innocent , Finkel Madelon
Published: August 2022

Background: The ability for women to self-collect human papillomavirus (HPV) samples can potentially reduce the risk of cervical cancer and increase screening coverage.

Objectives: To assess the willingness to HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening and its predictors among women attending outpatient clinics in Arusha region, northern Tanzania.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 706 women aged 18-55 years in Meru District Hospital and Usa River Health Centre from March to April 2019. Face-to-face intervies were conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 14.0. The log-binomial regression was used to determine factors associated with willingness to self-collection of HPV samples.

Results: Majority (70%) of the women were willing to self-collection of HPV samples for cervical cancer screening and was associated with attending Meru District hospital (PR=2.02, 95%CI 1.77-2.31); good knowledge about cervical cancer warning signs (PR=1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.22), prevention (PR=1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.20), and symptoms (PR=1.61, 95%CI 1.33-1.93); and having formal employment (PR=1.22, 95%CI 1.07-1.37).

Conclusion: The majority of women were willing to self-collect HPV samples for cervical cancer screening. Self-collection is, therefore, an acceptable and viable means of screening for cervical cancer, which has great implications for Tanzania from a health policy perspective.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; HPV testing; HPV self-collection; Tanzania.
Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in a Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) Referral Centre in Delta State, Nigeria: a five-year review (2012 - 2016)
Authors: Simeon Awunor Nyemike , Osi Alenoghena Innocent , Akpodiete Alexander
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The objective of this study is to observe the trend in treatment outcomes and identify determinants of treatment success among patients recruited into care through the DOTS strategy.

Methodology: A retrospective record review of tuberculosis patients (2012-2016) was carried out at the Tuberculosis and Leprosy Referral Centre, Eku, Delta State, Nigeria.

Results: Records of four hundred and twenty five (425) tuberculosis patients under DOTS were reviewed over five years. The highest number of cases under treatment, 102 (24.0%), was recorded in 2013. The mean age (SD) of patients was 37.3 (±16.5) years, majority of the patients were male (62.4%) and 18% had TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment outcomes of patients were cured (53.4%), completed (27.8%), died (6.8%), failed (2.4%), lost to follow up (4.9%), transferred out (1.2%) and not evaluated (3.5%). Over all, treatment success rate was 81.2% with a trend of 88.7% (2012), 87.3% (2013), 85.9% (2014), 65.0% (2015) and 65.8% (2016) respectively. Patient characteristics were not associated with treatment success.Conclusion: The treatment success rate was high and in line with the national recommendation of 80% and above. The trend showed a reduction in number of new cases enrolled into the DOTS programme, reduction in success rate with a concomitant increase in loss to follow up. There was no association between patient characteristics and TB treatment success. System strengthening on patient follow up, community health education and treatment adherence is recommended.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; DOTS; Treatment Outcome; TB/HIV Co-infection; Delta State.
Socio-economic status as predictors of malaria transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A retrospective study
Authors: Ebhuoma Osadolor , Gebreslasie Michael , Ebenezer Ogunsakin Ropo
Published: August 2022

Background: Understanding the socioeconomic status that influences malaria transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa is vital in creating policies and strategies to combat malaria transmission, improve socioeconomic conditions and strengthen the malaria elimination campaign.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between socioeconomic status and malaria incidence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods: Socioeconomic information (gender, age, no formal education, no electricity, no toilet facilities, unemployment) and malaria data for 2011 were obtained from Statistics South Africa and the malaria control program of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa respectively. The analysis was conducted employing the Bayesian multiple regression model.

Results: The obtained posterior samples show that all the variables employed in this study were significant and positive predictors of malaria disease at 95% credible interval. The low socioeconomic status that exhibited the strongest association with malaria risk was lack of toilet facilities (odd ratio =12.39; 95% credible interval = 0.61, 24.36). This was followed by no formal education (odd ratio =11.11; 95% credible interval = 0.51, 24.10) and lack of electricity supply (odd ratio =8.94; 95% credible interval = 0.31, 23.21) respectively.

Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status potentially sustains malaria transmission and burden. As an implication, poverty alleviation and malaria intervention resources should be incorporated side by side into the socioeconomic framework to attain zero malaria transmission.

Keywords: Malaria; socialeconomic status; Bayesian modelling; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa.
Management peculiarities of costovertebral hydatidosis
Authors: Zairi Sarra , Touil Amany , Mestiri Taher , Hadhri Khaled , Mestiri Mondher , Marghli Adel
Published: August 2022

Background: Costovertebral hydatidosis is a rarely reported clinical and radiological entity, estimated at less than 1% of thoracic hydatid locations. Its management is still not codified.

Objective: The aim of our study was to specify the management peculiarities of costovertebral hydatidosis.

Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2018, 14 patients were managed for costovertebral hydatidosis in a thoracic surgery department.

Results: The mean age of our patients was 48 years. The history of a prior hydatid disease was found in 7 patients. Imaging features were suggestive in 13 cases. They showed: involvement of the spinal canal (6 cases), of the soft tissues (5 cases) and spinal cord compression (3 cases). Costovertebral resection of the hydatid lesions was complete in 12 cases. Four patients presented postoperative complications.

Conclusion: Costovertebral hydatid involvement, may threaten the functional and vital prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and management are mandatory, before the occurrence of irreversible neurological impairment. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice and must be complete whenever possible. Relapse is frequent, hence the importance of a regular follow-up.

Keywords: Costovertebral region; spinal cord compression; echinococcosis.
The effects of Juglone-Selenium combination on invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Arikoglu Hilal , Dursunoglu Duygu , Erkoc Kaya Dudu , Avci Ebru
Published: August 2022

Background: Pancreatic cancer does not show any symptoms in the early period and metastatic process is already passed when the diagnosis is done. Therefore, in the battle with pancreatic cancer, novel treatment strategies, particularly antiinvasive and antimetastatic strategies, are needed. The cytotoxic and anticancer effects of juglone and sodium selenite (NaSe) have been showed in various cancer cells.

Objectives: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of juglone and selenium on PANC-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells.

Methods: Antimetastatic effects of juglone-NaSe were carried out by adhesion and invasion assays and the genes and protein expressions. Expression analysis of the CDH1, ITGB3 and COL4A3 genes and their proteins E-cadherin, β3 integrin and tumstatin which play role in metastasis and angiogenesis processes, were done by qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively.

Results: Study findings have provided evidences that the juglone-selenium has a cytotoxic and dose dependent suppressive effect on invasion and metastasis in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells.

Conclusion: The juglone-NaSe has the potential to be a promising agent especially to inhibit invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer treatment. However, more in depth studies are needed to more clearly demonstrate the effects of juglone-selenium.

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer cell lines; juglone-selenium; invasion; metastasis.
Characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of community-acquired acute kidney injury in the elderly: a prospective tertiary hospital study, Egypt
Authors: Samir Shemiesa Rasha , Abdelsalama Mostafa , Salah Elnagara Sherouk , Hussein Mohameda Ashraf , Sayed-Ahmeda Nagy , Tawfika Mona
Published: August 2022

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a public health problem. Elderly present a greater predisposition to the development of AKI, either due to kidney senility, or due to high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. Considering the scarcity of studies on AKI in the elderly particularly in developing countries, this study emphasizes on the pattern and outcome of AKI in the Egyptian elderly.

Objective: To analyze the demographics, risk factors and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the Egyptian elderly.

Methods: A total of 199 patients were included over one year and were divided into two groups; group I (79 elderly patients) and group II (120 non-elderly patients). The two groups were compared regarding demographics, risk factors and major outcomes including patient and renal survival.

Results: Elderly patients showed a higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and chronic kidney disease (p=0.004 and 0.005 respectively). Pre-renal causes of AKI principally dehydration represented the major risk factor (p=0.003). Sepsis and hypertension predicted mortality in the elderly (p=0.001 and 0.035 respectively).

Conclusion: In our locality; the elderly is highly vulnerable to AKI. Pre-renal causes principally dehydration represent the main triggers of AKI. Sepsis and hypertension contribute to mortality in this population. Preventive strategies are crucial not only in the hospital but also at home.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury; Dehydration; Elderly; Hypertension.
Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract: time for comprehensive preventive measures
Authors: Oladapo Adeoye Peter , Abdulrahman Afolabi Olushola , Kayodele Omokanye Habeeb , Olaoye Ifedolapo , Rukeme Akanbi Oluwaseun , Segun-Busari Segun , Abidemi Morohunfade Adesiyun Olusola , Adebayo Ige Olufemi , Olasunkanmi Akiode Abdulrazaq , Aderinola Wuraola Ololade , Baba Abdulkadir Mohammed , Olayinka Oni Joshua
Published: August 2022

Background: Foreign body (FB) in the aerodigestive tract presents more commonly in children and remains a surgical emergency with potential for fatal complications.

Objectives: To describe management and outcomes of aerodigestive FB managed at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and proffer preventive measures.

Methods: A 9-year retrospective review of all patients with foreign body in the aerodigestive tract managed between March 2011 and July 2020.

Results: Sixty-six patients were studied. Median age was 9years with M:F ratio =1.6:1. FB was ingested in 38(57.6%) patients, aspiration occurred in 28(42.4%). Denture was most common FB 20(30.3%); plastic whistle/valve placed in dolls or football accounted for 4(6.1%). When ingested, FB was impacted in cervical 17(44.7%), upper thoracic 10(26.3%) and middle thoracic 2(5.3%) oesophagus. Oesophagoscopy was used in 30(8.9%) for retrieval. When aspirated, FB was located in the right bronchus 10(35.7%), left bronchus 7(25.0%), hypopharynx and trachea 2(7.1%) each, and cricopharynx 1(3.5%); no FB was found in 3(10.7%) patients. Direct Laryngoscopy was the method of retrieval in 3(10.1%) patients while others had rigid bronchoscopy. Mortality rate was 1.5%.

Conclusion: Children are most vulnerable group. Preventive effort should include public health education and close monitoring of children by parents and care givers during play.

Keywords: Foreign body; Aspiration; Ingestion; Aerodigestive tract; Impaction.
Menstrual hygiene management practices and menstrual distress among adolescent secondary school girls: a questionnaire-based study in Nigeria
Authors: O Nwimo Ignatius , A Elom Nwamaka , I Ilo Cajetan , A Ezugwu Uchechukwu , E Ezugwu Lazarus , J Nkwoka Ifeanyi , P Igweagu Chukwuma , G Okeworo Chukwuma
Published: August 2022

Background: Menstruation is a common and normal experience during the reproductive age of adolescent females and if not well managed might expose the female to menstrual distress.

Aim & Objectives: To determine the menstrual hygiene management practices and menstrual distress among adolescent secondary school girls.

Methods & Materials: Six hundred participants randomly drawn participated in the study. A structured questionnaire which had two inventories was used to collect data. The first inventory was a self-developed Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices Questionnaire (MHMPQ) (r = 0.71) and the second one was a modified 11-item Menstrual Distress Scale (MDS) (r = 0.74). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Results showed that menstrual hygiene management practices of the girls were poor and they were very highly distressed. Statistically significant differences were observed in menstrual hygiene management practices among the girls with regard to age, location of residence and occupation of mother and on menstrual distress in relation to occupation of father (p < 0.05). Significant positive relationship between menstrual hygiene management practices and menstrual distress was observed.

Conclusion: The findings accentuate the need for a caring atmosphere for menstrual sanitation both at home and in school.

Keywords: Menstrual hygiene; management practices; menstrual distress; adolescent secondary school girls.
Erectile dysfunction in hypertensive males in Kenya: a tertiary referral hospital experience
Authors: C Correia Malcolm , N Ogola Elijah , K Kayima Joshua , D Joshi Mark , M Silverstein David , K Kabinga Samuel
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the burden of ED among adult hypertensive men attending ambulatory clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study on patients on antihypertensive medications, followed for ≥ one month. The tools used were five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for ED and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for alcohol use.

Results: Among 385 patients, the mean age was 56.2 ±11.3 years, median follow up in medical clinic was 5 years. The mean body mass index was 26.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2, 209(54.3%) were pre-obese/obese. Current smokers were 76(19.7%) while 133(34.5%) were former smokers. Alcohol use in the past year was reported by 256(68.5%), while hazardous alcohol intake was in 54(14%). Prescribed antihypertensives in various combinations included angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers to 292(75.8%), calcium channel blockers to 238(61.8%), beta blockerso 129(33.5%) and thiazide diuretics on 77(20%).Using IIEF-5 tool, the prevalence of ED was 364(94.5%) (95%CI 92.2-96.6) distributed as mild in 255(70%), moderate 76(21.9%) and 33(9.1%) severe.

Conclusion: The burden of ED is high among hypertensive males. Precipitants of ED like cigarette smoking and alcohol use and use of antihypertensives which can cause ED are prevalent too.

Keywords: Erectile dysfunction; hypertensive males; Kenya.
Prevalence and factors associated with intergenerational sexual partnerships among undergraduate health science students in Eswatini
Authors: Mamba Faith , Colani Shongwe Mduduzi
Published: August 2022

Background: Intergenerational sexual partnerships (IGSPs) put young people at an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and AIDS. However, their burden and predictors remain poorly understood.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with IGSPs among undergraduate health science students at a selected tertiary institution in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland).

Methods: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 148 conveniently sampled undergraduate health science students at the University of Eswatini. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of IGSPs (i.e. a 10-year or greater age disparity between heterosexual partners).

Results: There was equal participation of males and females in this study (50%, n=74). The prevalence of IGSPs among the sample was 31.8% (n=47). Females (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.24) and those who received money from sexual partners (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.62) had lower odds of being in IGSPs.

Conclusion: Being female and being a recipient of money from a sexual partner were negatively associated with IGSPs. The relatively high prevalene of IGSPs calls for health education campaigns targeting university students on the negative consequences associated with IGSPs, especially among young women.

Keywords: Age-mixing; cross-generational sexual partnerships; intergenerational sexual partnerships; tertiary students; Eswatini.
Prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy among parturients in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chemutai Violet , W Musaba Milton , Amongin Dinah , N Wandabwa Julius
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In Uganda, 12% of the audited maternal deaths occur among teenagers. The prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in health facilities is not well documented. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study between July and September 2019.We consecutively enrolled and collected information from 427 respondents. Associated factors were determined using logistic regression, a P-value < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 20.6% [95% CI : (17.0% - 24.7%)]. Rural residence [(AOR: 2.8 (1.08 – 7.09)], primary level of education [(AOR: 9.57 (3.48 – 26.3)], unhappy feelings about the current pregnancy [(AOR: 3.57(1.05 – 12.15)], primiparity [(AOR: 21.05 (7.36 – 60.15)] increased the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. While, history of ever use of contraceptives [(AOR: 0.32 (0.12 – 0.84)], age at coitarche [(AOR: 0.68 (0.54 – 0.85)], grand multiparity [(AOR: 0.06 (0.01 – 0.51)], and exposure to sex education at home [(AOR: 0.37 (0.15 – 0.89)] decreased its likelihood.

Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was high. It was associated with being resident in rural area, low level of education and ever use of contraception. Promotion of reproductive health education may prevent teenage pregnancy.

Keywords: Teenage pregnancy; associated factors; Eastern Uganda.
Determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ethiopia, analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey: a case-control study
Authors: Zinie Abita Mengie , Desalegn Girma Mamo , Alemnew Wale Tegegne
Published: August 2022

Background: Pregnancy and birth complications experienced by adolescents are also problems of older women. But it is severe among the young due to physical immaturity and social condemnation from basic reproductive health services. The study was aimed to analyze determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian demographic and health survey.

Method: The data source for this study was the 2016 demographic and health survey. Records of 359 cases and 1436 randomly selected controls (1:4 ratio) were included in the analysis. Adolescent childbearing was the main outcome variable and the independent variables were sociodemographic and sexual & reproductive factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with adolescent childbearing.

Result: The mean age of girls at first cohabitation was 15.28 ±1.64 and the mean age of first birth was 16.47±1.35. Adolescent childbearing was found to be higher in the Afar region (34.8%), and the lowest was in Addis Ababa city (4.1%). Finding from the multivariable analysis showed that place of residence, survey time age, and age at first sexual intercourse were the factors that have an association with adolescent childbearing. The odd of childbearing was higher among rural residents (AOR = 1.74; 95 % CI: 1.12, 2.72), early (<18 years) initiation of sexual intercourse (AOR =12.5; 95% CI: 5.97,25.18) and the risk is also higher among older teenagers (AOR =7.92; CI:3.92,15.90).

Conclusion: Place of residents, age, and timing of first sexual intercourse was found to be the influencing factors of adolescent childbearing. Our finding indicates that the place of residence of the adolescent mothers must be considered in planning policies that attempt to disrupt successive cycles of socioeconomic deprivation. Public health interventions should focus their programs to be based on community and aim on prevention of early sexual intercourse and marriage.

Keywords: Teenage; childbearing; health; sexual; demographic.
Preferred mode of childbirth among women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Tamma Evelyn , Seffah Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background: The preference for mode of childbirth by women is emerging as a global subject of interest to many researchers, especially with the steady increase in caesarean section (CS) rates with some countries exceeding the world health organization (WHO) recommended rate. This study explored the preferences of mode of childbirth and associated factors among pregnant women in Ghana.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women at tertiary hospital in Ghana. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results: Among the 415 pregnant women included, 357(86.0%) and 58(14.0%) preferred vaginal delivery and CS respectively. Majority (26%) attributed their preference for vaginal delivery to its being the natural way of childbirth. The most common reason why women preferred to deliver by CS was mainly influenced by medical indication such as doctors’ remarks. Significant determinants influencing preference for CS were previous childbirth [aOR:0.21, 95%CI (0.05, 0.91)], previous caesarean [aOR:20.08, 95%CI (7.73, 52.19)] and urban settlement [aOR:2.51, 95%CI (1.01, 6.29)]

Conclusion: There was a clear preference for vaginal birth by pregnant women although a significant proportion preferred caesarean birth. Integration of women’s preferred mode of childbirth into the clinical decision with appropriate counselling is recommended to improve women’s pregnancy and childbirth experiences.

Keywords: Caesarean section; mode of childbirth; Vaginal Delivery.
Why mothers die at a busy tertiary urban hospital in Kampala, Uganda: a comprehensive review of maternal deaths 2016-2018 and implications for quality improvement to reduce deaths
Authors: Namagembe Imelda , Kiwanuka Noah , K Byamugisha Josaphat , Ononge Sam , Beyeza-Kashesya Jolly , K Kaye Dan , Moffett Ashley , E Aiken Catherine , Nakimuli Annettee
Published: August 2022

Background: Reviewing maternal deaths and drawing out lessons for clinical practice is part of an effective cohesive intervention strategy to reduce future deaths.

Objective: To review maternal deaths at the National Referral hospital in Kampala over a 3-year period (2016-2018) to determine causes of death, extent of preventability, proportion of deaths notified and audited as per national guidelines.

Methods: Trained-multidisciplinary panels (obstetricians and senior midwives) conducted retrospective reviews of maternal deaths that occurred.

Results: Major causes of deaths: obstetric haemorrhage (158/350; 45%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (87/350; 25%) and infection (95/350; 27%). Overall, 294/350 (84%) of maternal deaths were considered preventable. In 95% (332/350) of cases, delays within healthcare facilities were identified (64%; 226/350). We note that only 115/350 (33%) cases had been audited. This proportion did not change during the studied period. In 48% (167/350) of cases, notification to the Ministry of Health occurred, but only 11% of deaths (39/350) were notified within the recommended 24-hours.

Conclusions: A high proportion (84%) of deaths were preventable. Significant delays to care occurred within health-care facilities. Results suggest that a well-supported, and timely maternal death review process with targeted and pragmatic interventions might be effective in reducing maternal deaths in this setting.

Keywords: Maternal-deaths; death-review; preventability; quality improvement.
Testers’ compliance to the quality standards of HIV rapid testing services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Makete District, Tanzania
Authors: Raymond Ngowi Ruth , Frumence Gasto
Published: August 2022

Background: HIV rapid testing services is one among key interventions in the controlling of HIV/AIDS. Despite availability of quality standards, the quality of HIV rapid testing services remains questionable since non-laboratory testers are allowed to conduct testing while they are not specialized in providing testing services.

Objective: To evaluate the compliance to the quality standards of HIV rapid testing services provided by non-laboratory testers in Makete District, Tanzania.

Methods: An explanatory descriptive study employing quantitative approach of data collection was used. An observation of 23 non-laboratory testers performing HIV rapid tests, observation of HIV testing points and documents review was done in 23 testing points to collect data. Data were analyzed using a programmed excel sheet and a three-point scale was used to determine the level of compliance to quality standards.

Results: Analysis shows that out of 23 testing points visited, the level of compliance to quality standards was lower for 22 (95.6%) testing points and moderate in 1 (4.4%) testing point. None of the testing point was highly complied to quality standards for HIV rapid testing services.

Conclusion: The quality of HIV rapid testing services provided by non-laboratory testers is below the established quality standards for HIV rapid testing services.

Keywords: HIV rapid testing; quality standards; non-laboratory testers; compliance to quality standards; primary health care facilities.
Umbilical granuloma frequency of newborns in Third-line Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Tülin Öztaş , Muhammet Asena
Published: August 2022

Background/Objectives: The aim is to determine the umbilical granuloma frequency of newborns and etiological factors.

Methods: In this study, the records of 21344 newborns who were admitted to our hospital between February 2015 and August 2019, were examined.

Results: 21191 newborns are included in the study. 2.4% of newborns was Syrian refugee and others were citizens of Turkey. Umbilical granuloma frequency was % 3.83. While umbilical granuloma frequency was 3.85% in Turkish citizen newborns, %3.01 in Syrians. Mean umbilical cord seperation time was 7.1 days in cases with umbilical granuloma. There was no statistically significant relationship determined between umbilical granuloma development and race and time of umbilical cord seperation (p >0.05) The frequency of umbilical granuloma was 3.5% for boys and 4.1% for girls. Umbilical granuloma was being observedstatistically significantly higher in girls than in boys (p <0.05). 80.8% of the cases with umbilical granuloma were bathed before the umbilical cord seperation. A significant difference was determined between bathing before umbilical cord seperation and umbilical granuloma development (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Umbilical granuloma, with frequency of 3.83% in newborns. Umbilical granuloma is more common in girls and newborns bathed before the umbilical cord seperation.

Keywords: Umbilical granuloma; umbilical cord seperation; newborn bath; umbilical granuloma frequency.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental staff in Armed Force Hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khaled Alzayani Mashael , F Salama Khalid , Zafar Mubashir
Published: August 2022

Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders’ (WMSDs) are the most important public health challenge among dental staff. The objective of study was to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors for work related musculoskeletal disorder among dental staff in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: It is a cross sectional study and 130 dental staff with at least 1 year of working experience were random selected from Armed Forced Hospital. The self-administered validated and structured Standardized Nordic questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association of risk factors with WMSD.

Results: the results of the present study revealed that there was a high incidence of MSDs in neck, shoulder, and lower back pain among dental personnel (72.6%). The common risk factors which contributed to WMSD were more than 5 year of experience(AOR 1.19(1.03-2.82)), Saudi nationality (AOR 4.88 (1.27 – 18.72)), working more than 12 hours (AOR 3.115 (1.258 7.578)) and resident doctors (AOR 1.14 (1.02 – 1.94)).

Conclusion: The study conclude work related MSD were common with high rate of incidence among dental staff . There is need to make a policy which will reduce the burden of WMSD among dental staff.Keywords: Dentists; Dental practitioner; Low Back Pain; Musculoskeletal Disorders; Saudi Arabia.
Investigation of the origin of scatter components transmitted through anti-scatter grids in X-ray Digital Imaging system using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: O Omondi Samson , K Msaki Peter , R Ramadhan Kazema , S Amour Idrissa , J Lugendo Innocent
Published: August 2022

Background: Projection diagnostic X-ray images are inherently affected by the masking effects of transmitted scatter. Spatially distributed transmitted scatter degrades image quality engendering need for effective scatter correction protocol.

Objectives: To investigate origin of scatter components transmitted through anti-scatter grids to the detector of digital radiographysystem using Monte Carlo simulation.

Methods: Over 107 photons were exposed through the reconstructed MC simulation phantom. Transmitted photons (primary and scatter) were scored as fluence, dose and deposited energy. Scatter components were investigated analytically over varying phantom thickness, tube kV and grid characteristics. Test disks were exposed as ROI embedded in phantom to evaluate the potential contrast improvement in image quality with the proposed technique.

Results: Simulated and experimental results were comparable and in agreement with literature. SPR and SF mean values of 10.5, 0.314 and 7.96, 0.242 through grids of ratio 10:1 and 16:1 respectively was observed. Analysis of scatter components generation in object, grid’s assembly, and fluorescent yields gave mean values of 0.815, 0.167 and 0.017, respectively. Image contrast was observed to increase with tube voltage and grid ratio.

Conclusion: Achieving better image contrast, reduced patient dose and low scatter transmission while maintaining superior image quality, using grids with high grid ratio and selectivity is recommended.

Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation; Anti-scatter grids; image quality assessment; scatter correction.
Roles of clinical supervisors in the clinical training of radiography students in Zambia: a qualitative study
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Mwansa Edward
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Clinical supervisors are responsible for the facilitation of practice-based learning for radiography students. However, literature is scarce on the roles of clinical supervisors in the clinical training of students in Zambia.

Objective: This study was aimed at identifying and exploring the roles of clinical supervisors in the clinical training of radiography students in Zambia.

Methods: A qualitative design with unstructured interviews was used in this study. Ten individual interviews were conducted in July 2018 with clinical supervisors of radiography students working at the main clinical training and placement sites of the Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia, respectively. All digital interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results: Three main roles of a clinical supervisor emerged: managerial, educational, and supportive. The managerial role deals with organising and managing clinical training resources. The educational role involves imparting knowledge and skills to students. The supportive role involves supporting students with social and learning problems. Findings show the inter-relationship of these roles to each other.

Conclusion: Clinical supervisors need to understand their roles in order to develop and maintain their competences in the facilitation of practice-based learning. This could also help stakeholders to provide appropriate support to clinical supervisors.

Keywords: Clinical supervisor; clinical training; radiographer; radiography student; Zambia.
Burden of caregiving among caregivers of patients with severe mental illnesses in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: E Ofovwe Caroline , O Osasona Samuel
Published: August 2022

Background: Severe mental illness exerts a tremendous burden on both the sufferer and caregiver. Such burden has been severally identified as enormous involving psychological, physical and economic challenges.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of burden of caregiving among caregivers of patients with severe mental illness; its relationship with the socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers and patients, and the clinical variables of the patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, and participants included a dyad of 141consecutive caregivers and patients who met the study inclusion criteria at the psychiatric out-patient clinic of a tertiary hospital. The Zarit Burden Interview was used to collect data from the caregivers; in addition, separate socio-demographic data collection sheets were used to collect data from caregivers and patients accordingly. Version 22 of SPSS was used to analyze the data at a statistically significant level of P< 0.05.

Results: About 37.6% of the caregivers experienced moderate to severe burden of caregiving. Duration of caregiving had a weak positive correlation with burden of care (r=.298, p=.004). While adjusting for other variables, duration of caregiving (OR=1.163, P=.017, 95% CI=1.027-1.317), and poor social support (OR=.438, P=.047, 95% CI=.194-.199) retained independent, statistically significant association with burden of caregiving, explaining about 16% in the variance of burden of caregiving.

Conclusion: There is a need to provide social support for caregivers of persons suffering from mental illness. Subsidization of cost of medication and hospitalization can reduce the burden experienced.

Keywords: Mental illness; Caregiving; Burden; Nigeria.
Crude extracts activity of three selected medicinal plants from the Venda region against some pathogenic organisms
Authors: Mabadahanye Khumbelo , L Bhembe Nolwazi , Green Ezekiel
Published: August 2022

Background: The emerging of antimicrobial resistance has become a problem as it is threatening public health worldwide.

Objectives: To extract crude extracts from three different medicinal plants, test activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and screen for phytochemicals of those that showed activity against the targeted bacteria.

Methods: Kirkia acuminata Oliv., Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. and Mimusops zeyheri Sond. plants were collected at Thengwe area, Mafukani village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The plant materials collected were extracted using four solvents. Antimicrobial screening was accomplished using the agar well diffusion method and the crude extracts that showed activity against the targeted organisms were screened for phytochemicals using different tests.

Results: With all solvents used for extraction, methanol had a greater yield of 14.1% from Dichrostachys cinerea crude extracts. Kirkia acuminata and Dichrostachys cinerea were medicinal plants that inhibited Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus at the lowest concentration of 2.5 mg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml.

Conclusions: The results from this study show that the selected medicinal plants are active against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus and their pharmacological properties can be further analyzed for the development of new drugs.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; crude extracts; medicinal plants; phytochemicals.