bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERFACE TWO-CHANNEL PORTABLE SYSTEM FOR 24 HOUR REGISTRATION OF BREATHING AND NASAL CYCLE
Authors: Atanasov A. , Arabadgiev G. , Zagorchev P.
Published: January 2022

The registration of respiration through the left and right nostrils simultaneously makes it possible to register the dynamics and periodicity of the nasal cycle. For this purpose, an interface two-channel portable system has been developed for 24-hour recording of breathing through the two nostrils separately. The portable system can be used for multifunctional medical examinations under any conditions in patients with various anatomical and physiological disorders of breathing, sleep, and consciousness.
“LONG COVID” - DEFINITION, SYMPTOMS, WHAT TO LOOK FOR AND HOW TO TREAT?
Authors: Dimov D. , Atanasov T.
Published: January 2022

"Long COVID," also referred to as "Long-Haul COVID or Post-COVID syndrome" is a condition where a person continues to experience symptoms of COVID-19 after their body has defeated the virus. On the bases of couple of clinical studies, we have attempted to describe the most common clinical symptoms that are present 12 weeks or more after having COVID-19, if these symptoms are not explained by another diagnosis. As can be seen, the long COVID is not an easy topic. There are many aspects to this issue because SARS-CoV-2 affects many organs in the human body. However, with the fast increase of data emerging from the vast variety of clinical studies that are currently underway, a better understanding will be obtained of how to treat patients with COVID-19 that have symptoms which have lasted for more than 12 weeks.
“Russians”, Jews, Israelis? The Adaptation of Russian-Speaking Immigrants in Israel through the Eyes of Their Children
Authors: Skliar Angela
Published: January 2022

The social and cultural integration of immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel over the last thirty years has received wide attention. To become a part of Israeli society, these immigrants concurrently tried to preserve and use the Russian language, their cultural identity and worldview, while experiencing conflicts with the Israeli establishment, which demands a complete change to Israeli identity. This study was carried out between 2016 and 2019 and examines aspects influencing the integration of newcomers: immigration motives, age at immigration, knowledge and usage of Hebrew, professional training, satisfaction with living standards and work conditions, inclusion in Israeli society and culture, social contacts and lifestyle changes concerning traditions, etc. The peculiarity of the study is that it involves immigrants’ children (20–30 years old), and not the immigrants themselves. This second generation’s viewpoint enabled the author to evaluate the success of the integration of former Soviet Union immigrants based on the view of young people who have grown up in and been shaped by Israeli reality. The study confirms that social and cultural bonding in Israel secures the success of adaptation and integration in a new society and plays an important role in identity formation among first-generation immigrants. Additional factors that increase the level of adaptation are satisfaction with working conditions and property ownership, indicating the family’s material stability. Further analysis of the results, however, supports that actively using and preserving the languages and cultures from both the countries of departure and destination in the process of adaptation is the optimal model of cultural integration for immigrants.
Peter the Great’s Project for the Publication of Secular Textbooks
Authors: Zaretsky Yury
Published: January 2022

This article attempts to reconstruct the readership of the first printed secular textbooks published at the initiative of Peter I during his Grand Embassy (1697–1698). Seven of the textbooks were printed in Amsterdam in the printing house of Jan Thesing (1659–1701), a local merchant to whom Peter granted a monopoly on the sale of educational books in Russia. Later, Ilya Fedorovich Kopievsky (c. 1651–1714), the compiler of these books and in practice the founder of Thesing’s printing house, published four more books in other printing houses and sent them to Russia. It is generally accepted that these books did not reach a mass readership and therefore did not play a significant role in Peter’s reforms. Justifying this opinion, researchers usually refer to the data of bibliographers and book historians of the nineteenth and centuries, who insisted that such books were rare. However, the new copies that have been discovered recently and new historical evidence about their circulation in Russia have led to doubts about the validity of this generally accepted point of view. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the distribution and readers of Kopievsky’s books in the light of the data available today. In addition to books themselves, the study refers to catalogues of old printed books, archival materials, and historiсal surveys. Additionally, it outlines the context in which the books appeared, questions the prevailing view that they were little-known in Russia, and summarises the data about their distribution and readership accumulated by historians between the nineteenth and the twenty-first centuries. In the conclusion, the author explains the need to return to the question of the role of these first printed textbooks in the transformations of Russian culture during the first decades of the eighteenth century. It also assumes that the readership of these books was wider than has long been believed and that their contribution to the history of Russian education and science was more significant.
Stikh Umilitelen and Its Folk Versions: A Syllabic-Accentual Interpretation of Literary Syllabic Verse
Authors: Petrov Alexander
Published: January 2022

This paper examines a folklore interpretation of literary culture at the verse level. The author studies the structural transformation of syllabic text in a culture in which the syllabic-accentual system of versification has become standard. This is what makes the study innovative, as, traditionally, comparative studies focus on images and motifs. The goal of the research is to identify the prerequisites, directions, and mechanisms of the folklorisation of literary verse. It refers to several editions of a syllabic poem dating back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and folk versions of this text that existed in the Russian north, known as Stikh Umilitelen (About Death, On Life Ending, etc.). The author uses audio recordings of folk texts made during expeditions, which makes it possible to get a more accurate idea of the norms of folk accentuation. The analysis is carried out at a multidisciplinary level, involving literary studies, folk studies, and linguistics. The author carries out a comparative description of the literary and folk texts. He also provides a metrical analysis based on methods and approaches suggested by M. L. Gasparov and T. V. Skulacheva and uses the rules and techniques of the study of folk verse developed by J. Bailey. Additionally, the article describes the basic structural features of the literary syllabic poem, identifies the main parameters of the transformation of syllabic verse into syllabicaccentual verse, and discusses the techniques and possible structural prerequisites of folklorisation in both the literary and folk traditions.
The Reflection of Dostoevsky’s Underground Man in Faulkner’s Sartoris
Authors: Romanov Yuri
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the comparative typological research related to the ‘Underground Man’, as featured in the works of F. Dostoevsky and W. Faulkner. Based on the study of the phenomenon of moral alienation – the “underground” embodied in the character of the storyteller in Dostoevsky’s novella, Notes from Underground – we identify its reflection in Faulkner’s novel, Sartoris. The relevance of this study is due to the importance of the “underground”, which has not lost its significance in either Russia or the West. The character of the Underground Man, admittedly archetypal, has become part of the vocabulary of modern culture, and the novella Notes from Underground is rightly called the prologue to twentieth-century literature. The novelty of the present study is that, despite the existence of a number of works focused on the study of the “underground” in the literary world of Dostoevsky, and the wide scope for a comparative analysis of the works of Dostoevsky and Faulkner, the problem of the “underground” has not previously been considered from this perspective. This study draws on a number of methodologies alongside the comparative typological, including the doctrine of archetypes originated in late antique philosophy, the theory of archetypes first developed by C. G. Jung, and the archetypal approach found in literary criticism. As the results of the study show, in the archetypal character of the Underground Man, the model of “underground” consciousness is clearly expressed (Man-god consciousness, one’s own inconsistencies with the ideal, cruel self-punishment and aesthetization of it, estrangement, and spiritual decay) and may be defined – in a broad sense – at the stage of the formation of an “underground” worldview; and in a narrower sense – when complete moral alienation results in a state of “underground”. Idealization of the past, depicted in Sartoris (the “heroism” of young Bayard, the symbolic “deafness” of old Bayard, the “serenity” of Narcissa, the infantilism and desire to hide from life in a house surrounded by cedars demonstrated by her brother Horace), is functionally similar to the feeling of “sublime and beautiful” by the Underground Man of Dostoevsky and reflects the Man-god consciousness leading the characters of the novel to moral estrangement (“underground” in the broad sense). In the character of young Bayard, the “underground” matrix is fully realized, which allows us to define him as the actual Underground Man (“underground” in the narrow sense).
Redefining Modernization in Russia
Authors: Dergacheva Daria
Published: January 2022

The authors of the collection of interdisciplinary articles united by the new paradigm of Russian modernization try to explain and raise new questions on contemporary Russia from its economy to the political regime, from changes in social welfare to cultural shifts. While the book provides rigorous and interesting research regarding modern Russian society, the reviewer considers it too broad at times, sometimes suggesting outdated case studies. More particularly, instead of focusing on the religious movement of rodnoverie or the process underlying the transformation of the CPSU into the modern CPRF, the authors could have referred to more modern cases. However, according to the reviewer, the collection is one of the most fascinating and profound studies on Russia that has been carried out lately.
Modelling the uncertainty of cost and time in highway projects
Authors: Moghayedi Alireza , Windapo Abimbola
Published: January 2022

The construction of highway projects is characterised by cost overruns and time delays, due to the estimation approach and inappropriate analytical tools for predicting uncertainty. This study therefore developed a hybrid intelligent tool that models three sources of uncertainty in linear infrastructure projects: variability, correlation and disruptive events. The developed tool measures the effect of uncertainties on the cost and time of projects, by combining classical and intelligence prediction techniques. The variabilities were modelled using probability distributions; the copula technique modelled the correlations. The Markov processes simulated the occurrence of disruptive events. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was used to assess the size of the impact of disruptive events on the cost and time of activities. The total project cost and time were simulated by propagating the impact of the three sources of uncertainty in the Monte Carlo simulation environment. The developed uncertainty model was validated against the final cost and time of a highway project. The study found that the accumulated impact of the three sources of uncertainty significantly increased the construction cost and time of infrastructure projects. It concludes that the improvement in the accuracy of cost and time estimation of highway projects depends on a combination of classical and intelligent prediction techniques.
Bulgaristan Âlimlerinden Mehmed Fikri’nin Tasavvurunda Gazzâlî ve Felsefesi
Authors: ALTAYTAŞ Muhammet
Published: January 2022

Osmanlı’dan ayrılmasından sonra Bulgaristan Çarlığı’nda Müslümanların siyasî, edebi, ilmî ve fikrî meselelerini paylaştıkları en önemli yayın organı olan Medeniyet gazetesi, 1933 ile 1944 yılları arasında, on beş günü geçmemek üzere, değişik periyotlarla 375 sayı boyunca yayınlanmıştır. Osmanlı Türkçesi ile yayınlanan Medeniyet, döneminde hem imlası hem lisanı hem de muhtevası itibariyle Osmanlı/Türk ilim ve kültür mirasının devamı ve temsilcisi niteliğindedir. Medeniyet’in bir dönem başyazarlığını da yapmış olan Mehmed Fikri edebi şahsiyeti, şiirleri, davası ve mücadelesiyle millî şairimize benzetilmiş, “Bulgaristan’ın Mehmed Akif’i” olarak da anılmıştır. Medeniyet’te birçok yazıları bulunan Mehmed Fikri’nin en önemli yayını hiç şüphesiz Gazzâlî üzerine yazdığı 25 sayı boyunca tefrika halinde yayınladığı, yaklaşık bir kitap hacmine ulaşan “Gazzâlî, Hayatı ve Felsefesi” başlıklı yazılarıdır. Bu makalede önce Mehmed Fikri’nin hayatı, şahsiyeti, davası ve fikirleri hakkında genel bir bilgi verildikten sonra Gazzâlî üzerine kaleme aldığı yazılarının muhtevası aktarılmış ve sonuç bölümünde de değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Sonuç itibariyle Mehmed Fikri bu yazı dizisiyle, öncelikle içinde yaşadığı toplum olmak üzere, çağında Müslümanlara itikâdî ve fikrî açıdan yönelecekleri istikameti işaret etmek üzere, büyük düşünür Gazzâlî’yi tanıtmıştır. Kanaatimizce Fikri’nin, Gazzâlî’nin felsefesi üzerine telif ettiği bu makalelerin hususiyeti, Gazzâlî araştırmalarına akademik katkısından ziyade, 20. yüzyılda dert ve dava sahibi bir Müslüman şahsiyetin Gazzâli’yi nasıl aktüelleştirebileceğini göstermesidir.
Analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided four-quadrant transabdominal plane block in patients with cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Song Jaegyok , Choi Nayoung , Kang Minji , Ji Sung Mi , Kim Dong-wook , Kwon Min A
Published: January 2022

Background: Postoperative pain occurring after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is difficult to control because of extensive surgical injuries and long incisions. We assessed whether the addition of a four-quadrant transabdominal plane (4Q-TAP) block could help in analgesic control.Methods: Seventy-two patients scheduled to undergo elective CRS with HIPEC and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) were enrolled. The patients received 4Q-TAP blocks in a 10 ml mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.75% ropivacaine per site (4Q-TAP group, n = 36) or normal saline (control group, n = 33). Oxycodone in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and pethidine or tramadol in the ward were used as rescue analgesics. The primary outcome was less than 3 times of rescue analgesic administration (%) in the ward for 5 postoperative days. Secondary endpoints included oxycodone requirement in PACU, fentanyl doses of IV PCA, morphine milligram equivalent (MME) of total opioid use, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Results: During 5 postoperative days, there was no difference in pain scores and total rescue analgesic administration between two groups. However, the use of oxycodone in PACU (P = 0.011), fentanyl requirement in IV PCA (P = 0.029), and MME/kg of total opioid use (median, 2.35 vs. 3.21 mg/kg, P = 0.009) were significantly smaller in the 4Q-TAP group. Hospital stay and incidence of postoperative morbidity were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The 4Q-TAP block enhanced multimodal analgesia and decreased opioid requirements in patients with CRS with HIPEC, but did not change postoperative recovery outcomes.
Polis y Dêmos. Una reflexión sobre la democracia griega antigua
Authors: Vélez Upegui Mauricio
Published: January 2022

Numerosas son las creaciones culturales que los griegos de la Antigüedad, y más puntualmente los atenienses, se dieron a sí mismos. Una de ellas, relacionada con la institución de la vida social, fue la democracia, entendida, en términos etimológicos, como “poder del pueblo”. En otro sentido, la democracia puede ser descrita como un tipo de régimen político, o, si se quiere, como una forma de organizar los poderes públicos de una ciudad. Tal idea se desprende del breve tratado aristotélico, descubierto en Egipto hace más de un siglo, conocido como Constitución de los atenienses. Apoyándonos en este tratado y estableciendo algunas relaciones con otras fuentes antiguas y modernas, el propósito de este escrito es adelantar una reflexión sobre la democracia ática antigua, con el fin de señalar que tres, entre otros, son los fundamentos de dicha forma de gobierno: la autonomía, la participación y el “control” políticos.
Imagen de las estrellas. El Epinomis y las imágenes centrales de la República
Authors: Florez Alfonso
Published: January 2022

Se propone una lectura del diálogo Epinomis dentro del contexto de las tres imágenes centrales de la República, del sol, la línea y la caverna. Para ello, se parte de una asunción metodológica de la autenticidad del diálogo. Luego se ofrece un resumen esquemático de sus principales temas. Según estos, se desarrolla la exposición de las tres imágenes de la República. Sobre estos presupuestos, se argumenta la tesis central: en cuanto diálogo, el Epinomis se sitúa temática, metodológica e interpretativamente en la sección matemática de la línea. En la conclusión se arguye que en este texto la dialéctica
opera como indicación al ámbito inteligible primero.
Aproximación al bien jurídico-penal de la salud pública en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Arana Andrés Felipe
Published: January 2022

Recientemente, ha cobrado renovado interés la discusión sobre el concepto y alcance específico del bien jurídico-penalmente tutelado por el Título xiii del Código Penal colombiano. En este artículo se analiza la cuestión en el ordenamiento internacional, se reseña la evolución de la legislación nacional al respecto, se exponen las principales posturas adoptadas por jurisprudencia y doctrina y, finalmente, se adopta postura sobre el particular.
Гигиенические аспекты формирования устойчивой социальной среды в семье
Authors: Эгамбердиева Н.М. , Камилова Р.Т. , Атаниязова Р.А. , Исакова Л.И. , Усманова М.И., , Исломов А.И.
Published: January 2022

В книге представлены результаты комплексного санитарно-гигиенического обследования домохозяйств разных регионов республики; дана гигиеническая оценка социально-бытовым условиям проживания населения, проживающих в го- родской, горной и пустынной местностях; определено влияние уровня обеспечен- ности санитарно-гигиеническими условиями на субъективную оценку укрепления института семьи; приведены результаты наблюдения за организацией и соблюде- нием принципов безопасной санитарии и гигиены в домохозяйствах; в работе пред- ставлены данные о социально-экономических аспектах гигиены быта. Результаты исследований явились основой для разработки комплекса практи- ческих рекомендаций для населения по организации рациональных санитарно-ги- гиенических условий проживания, а также по соблюдению правил личной гигиены и гигиены быта на основе изучения степени обеспеченности санитарно-гигиени- ческими условиями в домохозяйствах республики, а также оценки уровня знаний, отношения и навыков населения по вопросам санитарии и гигиены. Монография предназначена для медицинских работников и педагогов, слу- шателей факультетов повышения квалификации врачей и специалистов, занимаю- щихся вопросами махалли и семьи, а также для членов органов самоуправления, отделов коммунального снабжения и неправительственных организаций, деятель- ность которых направлена на оказание помощи населению в укреплении института семьи на основе улучшения санитарно-гигиенических условий жизнедеятельности и пропаганды соблюдения правил санитарии и гигиены в домохозяйствах. Монография рассмотрена и одобрена на заседаниях Ученого совета НИИ «Махалла ва Оила» (протокол №6 от 02.06.2021 г.) и НИИ санитарии, гигиены и профзаболеваний МЗ РУз (протокол №5 от 21.06.2021 года).
Optimization of Invariant Ellipsoid Technique for Sparse Controllers Design
Authors: Vrazhevsky S. A. , Chugina J. V. , Furtat I. B. , Konovalov D. E.
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the method for the design of linear controllers with sparse state feedback matrices for control the plants under conditions of unknown and bounded disturbances. The importance of the sparsity property in feedback can be explained by two factors. First, by minimizing the columnar norm of the feedback matrix in the control it becomes pos- sible to use a minimum number of measuring devices. Secondly, by minimizing the row norm of the feedback matrix, the required number of executive (control) devices is minimized. Both properties, if they are achievable in the synthesis of the controller, reduce the cost of the system and improve the fault tolerance and quality of regulation by reducing the structural complexity. The search algorithm for sparse matrices is based on the method of invariant ellipsoids and is formulated as a solution to a system of linear matrix inequalities with additional constraints. A special set of optimization conditions is 

proposed which for a disturbed system minimizes overshoot and overshoots in transient processes of the disturbed closed- loop system simultaneously with minimizing errors in the steady state. The proposed method also assumes the possibility of minimizing both the row norm of the feedback matrix and the column one, while preserving the robustness properties, which makes it possible to solve the sparse control problem (a sparse control is understood as a linear controller with a sparse feedback matrix). The efficiency of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by the results of computer modeling and comparison with some existing ones.
On the Issue of Migrating Databases from Oracle to PostgreSQL
Authors:   V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation, Kurako E. A. , Orlov V. L. ,   V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

The methods of data transfer from Oracle to PostgreSQL environment are considered, taking into account the step-by-step organization of actions and deter-mining the sequence of migration. The main directions for the transformation of the structure of databases, data formats and executed objects are highlighted. New methods and programs for converting the structure and formats in automatic mode are proposed. The methods of transformation of stored procedures and triggers written in procedural languages, which are PL/SQL and PL/PGSQL, are defined. For cases of possible ambiguous translation, programs have been developed that form hints that facilitate manual operation. The task of managing transactions inside stored functions in PostgreSQL is difficult. If such transactions are possible for Oracle, then in the PostgreSQL environment, it is necessary to organize them only in external code. They are usually published on computers that work directly with the database server. In this case, the division of the original function into several functions is used, each of which is responsible for its own transaction block. Each such function is called from external code. The issues of changing software on nodes directly connected (interfaced) with the database server and the issues of minimizing stops during migration are considered, which makes it possible to carry out migration for geographically distributed and round-the-clock functioning objects. Examples of changes in the speed of execution of requests before and after migration for various types of systems are given.
On some Aspects of the Refinement of the Temperature Distribution in the Developed Software Toolkit for Modeling Powder Heating by a Laser
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Samara, 443086, Russian Federation, Avdeev E. V.
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, the use of additive manufacturing is gaining popularity. The cost of product manufacturing with additive manufacturing (AM) in large-scale production is usually higher than the traditional technologies (for example, casting, milling), therefore AM is often used for prototyping and small-scale production. The paper presents results of powder heating by a laser beam modeling, powder melting modeling, and area-bath melt formation. The presented results are part of the work of solver development for modeling the selective laser melting (SLM) process. SLM technology makes it possible to manufacture a product with a complex shape in a fairly short time. As a material SLM provides for the use of powder metals and alloys, including titanium, aluminum, stain­less steel. In this case, the shape of the manufactured parts is often prone to deformations and cracks. The reason for the deformation is the presence of inherited stresses due to cyclic uneven heating and cooling, arising during layer-by-layer melting of powder particles. To solve this problem, it was decided to develop a software tool that would analyze the manufacturing process and correct it, reducing the occurrence of residual stresses. The article presents the results of modeling and calculating the geometric size of the melt pool in a dynamic setting. A comparison is made between the results obtained in the course of this work and the results of expe­riments. Modeling the selective fusion process entails high computational costs. The article presents a method based on mesh adaptation, which allows to reduce the computational costs of modeling. The analysis of the effectiveness of this method is carried out.
Classification of Aviation Accidents Using Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: KUŞKAPAN Emre , SAHRAEİ Mohammad Ali , ÇODUR Muhammed Yasin
Published: January 2022

Air transportation is a very preferred type of transportation for long-distance trips worldwide. This type of transportation has made great progress with the development of technology. In addition to its technological developments, passenger capacity is gradually increasing due to its fast and secure access. In contrast, the mortality rate is quite high in the case of an airplane accident, and hundreds of people die in a single accident. This research aims to classification several airplane accidents to find crucial factors and their overall impacts on the mentioned accident. In this study, appropriate data associated with said accidents worldwide since 2000 have been collected and then analyzed using sequential minimal optimization, decision tree (J48), and Naive Bayes. It is revealed that the decision tree algorithm provided the most accurate results for the study. Finally, appropriate comments were elaborated about each stage to reduce accidents. If these evaluations are taken into account, air transport will be much more reliable and thus loss of life will be minimized.
EQUIPMENT OF TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK IN THE DEFENSE FORCES: ON THE CURRENT SITUATION AND URGENT MEASURES
Authors:   National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan Chernyakhovskyi, Aleschenko V.
Published: January 2022

The article considers the current problems of organization and equipping with technical means of psychological work units in the defense forces. Emphasis is placed on the objective contradictions between the rapid changes in the forms and methods of information and psychological impact on personnel and its study and the actual state of technical means, their provision of troops (forces). It is determined that increasing the technical base of psychological support for the effective solution of the tasks is an urgent problem and requires in-depth research. Of paramount importance is the normative consolidation of the need to provide technical means of psychological work. The current state of provision of technical means of psychological support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other defense forces is analyzed. A brief description of the military mobile psychological and diagnostic complex, which undergoes departmental tests and is designed to ensure the performance of tasks as part of units and as part of individual units, groups in the field around the clock, regardless of season and time of day. The necessity of professional and psychological selection of specialists with the help of technical means is considered; assessment and forecasting of negative factors and conditions of servicemen; psychological and psychophysiological support; study of the socio-psychological climate in military units. The foreign experience of using technical means in the armed forces of the USA and the Russian Federation is analyzed. Ways to provide the latest models of the domestic system of psychological support of the defense forces to improve the psychological support of military-professional activities of personnel are proposed. It is emphasized that in order to form a unified approach to psychological support in the security and defense sector, it is necessary to create a body (structure) that would determine and coordinate activities in this direction and ensure the development of industrial production of modern technical means for psychological units.
DOCTRINAL RULES-MAKING OF MILITARY ADMINISTRATION BODIES: LEGAL ASPECTS OF VALIDATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Shulgin V.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the legal (organizational-theoretical, comparative-applied, temporal-terminological, legitimation, validation aspects of the process of doctrinal rule-making of the military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the field of combat training and application of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the Ukrainian Defense Forces. importance on the way to the Euro-Atlantic integration of our country, for the effective operation of national joint defense forces in a special period, the preparation of units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for joint action and interoperability with the armed forces of NATO member states. In order to form a balanced system-scientific approach to streamlining the doctrinal rule-making process of the military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, an attempt was made to explore the nature, legal features of adaptation, validation and place of military publications in the national system of military administration, including doctrinal documents borrowed from member states. NATO. This is also relevant in view of the fact that the doctrine was perceived in the system of military law of Ukraine exclusively as a military-political act of the national level. It is necessary to harmonize normative-legal and doctrinal-conceptual acts of military administration of Ukraine both on the basis of their legal force in the system of normative legal acts of military legislation and taking into account their hierarchy on the basis of organizational and operational level (strategic, operational, tactical). The state of legal support of doctrinal rule-making within the framework of the Defense Forces of Ukraine and military-departmental doctrinal rule-making has been clarified. The legal essence and nature of military publications, in particular doctrines in the system of military management, their general and special concept taking into account existing problems and features of modern process of normative-legal regulation, military-departmental law enforcement, transformation of legal understanding of hierarchy of military management acts taking into account military implementation are established and substantiated. -operative doctrines, amendments to the system of national defense and military management. Proposals have been formulated in order to optimize the process of doctrinal rule-making of military administration bodies, adaptation, validation and determination of the place of military-administrative operational doctrines in the system of acts of military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MILITARY PURPOSES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Lukiyanchuk A. , Khalimanenko S. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

Modern information and network technologies in military affairs are the basis for the integration of geographically dispersed government, intelligence, surveillance and targeting, troop groups and means of destruction in a highly adaptable global system. Currently, new tools have emerged that reflect the current level of geoinformatics and are increasingly used. These include tools for complex multifactor spatial analysis and preparation of high-quality synthesized images based on digital maps, images and operational environment. Geoinformation technologies allow to move to a unified planning system, to form a unified picture of situational awareness, to develop modern methods of control and management of weapons, including unmanned and robotic systems, to increase transparency and efficiency of the rear and reduce the level of presence by forming virtual and remote other governing bodies. However, the use of heterogeneous software products, data presentation formats, technologies based on different ideologies of formation, processing and storage of spatial data becomes the main obstacle to the creation of a single information space of the state. GIS for military purposes as an information component should provide officials of different levels of government: information about the area; to support collective work with spatial data, including with an operational situation; solve geoinformation problems and support software interfaces for GIS functions built into the ACS, other automated systems and complexes that provide remote access to spatial data; their display in the form of 2D and 3D models in a given system of symbols; solution of applied problems with the use of modern network data processing technologies.
Using 3D Scanning to Study Composite Slotted Tools from the Early Holocene of Eastern Siberia (the Case of Kazachka-1 Site)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Bocharova E.N. , Chistyakov P.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Zhdanov R.K. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article demonstrates the potential applications of 3D scanning of composite slotted tools and the use of models as a basis for further scientific research. The scanning was carried out with high-precision equipment (Solutionix D700 scanner). The scanner provides high precision data acquisition of the geometry and surface of an artefact. As examples of archaeological artefacts we used composite slotted tools from the site of Kazachka-I. There were two bone tools from cultural layers 19 and 11. As a result of three-dimensional scanning application, a series of high-resolution scaled models was created. The series of cross-sections and metric measurements were made on the obtained models with the use of special software. Through analysis of cross-sectional shapes and comparison with experimental modelling data, conclusions on the basic process steps in slotted tools manufacture have been drawn. V-, U- and W-shaped cross-sections have been identified. Slots of bone tool from layer 19 has V- and U-shaped cross-sections. Slots of bone tool from layer 11 have U- and W-shaped cross-sections. The variety of cross-sectional shapes may indicate different techniques in the manufacture of the slots. The U-shaped cross-section may have been created by cutting the slot with a stone tool, the edge of which has been broken in the process. The W-shape may indicate that the direction of motion of the tool in this section was changed during operation. The V-shape was obtained by using a sharp tool throughout the slotting process. These conclusions are preliminary and need to be verified by a series of experiments and use-wear analysis.
Ostrich Eggshell Morphology Based on Pleistocene and Holocene Samples from Mongolia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Klementiev A.M. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Dolgushin I.D. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Rybin E.P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Bazargur D. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS, Tserendagva Ya. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS, Bolorbat T. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS, Gunchinsuren B. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS, Olsen J.W. ,   School of Anthropology of University of Arizona, Khatsenovich A.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

Ostrich eggshell bead-making appears relatively early in regions inhabited by ostriches. This type of personal ornamentation emerged in Central Asia together with human populations associated with the laminar Initial Upper Paleolithic culture about 45,000 uncal BP or slightly earlier. Eggshell beads and pendants occur in Central Asia until the Middle Holocene, while the technology of bead-making underwent changes throughout this period. Although beads and eggshell fragments are quite common in Paleolithic sites, ostrich bones are extremely rare. Ostrich taxonomy is based on eggshell analysis, principally on shell thickness variability. Here, we present the results of an additional investigative approach aimed at taxonomic determination - analysis of eggshell pore patterns. We applied this method to samples found over a wide area in Mongolia - from the Middle Selenga Basin in the north to the Gobi Desert in the south. Samples of beads and eggshells were recovered from archaeological sites in cultural layers ranging from the Initial Upper Paleolithic to the Early Holocene Mesolithic. Our experimental studies included the fabrication offossilized (ostrich) and fresh (emu) eggshell beads to better understand the character ofvisible traces that appear on the shell surfaces after drilling and polishing. Namibian ethnographic beads made of S. camelus australis eggshell were also analyzed to compare interspecies pore patterns. This research targets taxonomic determination of the ostrich species that co-existed with humans in eastern Central Asia during the Pleistocene. Another focus of this analysis is the use of fossilized ostrich eggshell by Pleistocene hominins.
Chagyrskaya Cave Middle Paleolithic Complexes Studies in the 2021 Field Season
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kolobova K.A. , Kharevich A.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kolyasnikova A.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Berezina N.Ya. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kharevich V.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of field studies of the Chagyrskaya Cave, a key site of the Sibiryachikha facies of the Altai Middle Paleolithic in 2021. In the 2021 field season, the main objectives of the work were to study the site stratigraphy, determine the contribution of predators and humans to the taphocenoses of osteological remains, and techno-typological analysis of archaeological materials from the Middle Paleolithic complexes of the cave. Geological studies have shown that the stratigraphic sequences contain seven major subdivisions of the Holocene and Pleistocene periods. In the course of the excavations, a specific section of layer 6c/2 was determined; its non-disturbed position was supported by the stratigraphic and micromorphological data. The complex of the Neanderthal material culture in layer 6c/2 represents the remains of the Neanderthal base camp for hunting prey consumption. On the other hand, layer 6a was formed as a result of colluvial processes; the artifacts and paleontological remains from layer 6c/2 were redeposited in the overlying stratigraphic unit. Functionally, this layer is defined as a den of hyenas, which used the cave for cub breeding. This conclusion is supported by the shares of bones with traces of acid corrosion determined for the complexes of layers 6a and 6c/2 in 2021. In the course of fieldwork new retouchers were found supplementing the collection of bone artifacts of the Chagyrskaya cave. The discovery of an anthropological fossil indicates the prospect of continuing archaeological studies at the site.
Исследования раннепалеолитических комплексов стоянки Дарвагчай-Залив-4 в 2021 году
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Rybalko A.G. , Kandyba A.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article provides the latest results obtained during the research of the site Darvagchay-Zaliv-4 (Southeastern Dagestan). During the excavations, additional archaeological materials were found confirming the presence of three different-time complexes of artifacts at the site, the chronological framework of which was based on the results of malacofauna analysis, paleomagnetic studies and absolute OSL dating. The lithic industry of the first complex found in Layer 3 (pebble-gravel deposits) was attributed to the final Acheulean period. Eluvial-deluvial and proluvial processes were main in the deposition of sediments. Chronologically, the time of its existence was determined to the range of 250-220 ka BP (MIS 7). Artefacts of another stone collection found in Layer 5 (sea gravel and sand) belong to the late Acheulean and are the evidence of the earliest appearance of ancient man in the territory under consideration (380-330 ka BP (MIS 11-10)). The most expressive part of the early Paleolithic collections are large pebble and bifacially processed tools including choppers, spikes, cleavers, core scrapers, and cleaver-type articles. Among the tools on the flakes, there are small series of scraper-shaped, spike-shaped, and notched tools. The primary reduction of the final Acheulean industry includes a number of common features typical of the Levallois technique such as forming a convex shearing plane in a nucleus and a prepared striking platform. Generally, the provided complexes demonstrate a clear similarity in the design techniques and types of products.
Studies of Paleolithic Sites in Ikh-Tulberiin-gol River Valley (Northern Mongolia) in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Rybin E.P. , Marchenko D.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Bolorbat T. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS, Khatsenovich A.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Bazargur D. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS, Klementiev A.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Kravtsova P.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Margad-Erdene G. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Dolgushin I.D. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Gunchinsuren B. ,   Institute of Archaeology MAS
Published: January 2022

The authors present results of excavations of the Tolbor 21 and Tolbor 4 sites, situated in the Tolbor River valley, a tributary of the Selenga River, Northern Mongolia. In 2021, studies of the multilayered Tolbor-21 site that documents human habitation throughout the Upper Paleolithic were resumed. We focus on the stratigraphy, spatial distribution of the finds, zooarcheological data and description of lithic artifacts recovered from the continuing excavation of Pit 2 in the eastern part of site. Preliminary results presented here provide the evidence of residential activity during accumulation of the Initial Upper Paleolithic horizon 4, the exploitation of medium/large herbivores, and a potential structured use of space. We present the division of the site cultural sequence into 6 horizons and description of a newly discovered storage pit. We also provide the overall results of studies at the multilayer Tolbor-4 site carried out in 2017 and 2021. The site is the key object for understanding the Upper Paleolithic sequence of lithic industry development in northern Mongolia. The goal of the new phase of research in 2021 was to clarify the site stratigraphy and collect samples for new series of radiocarbon and OSL dates.
Early Complexes of the Aylinka VIII Settlement
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Tolpeko I.V. , Tikhomirov K.N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the results of a reconnaissance study of the Aylinka VIII site, located on the right-bank terrace of the Shish River, the right tributary of the Irtysh River, in the territory of the village of Aylinka. During the work, materials from several cultural and chronological periods were revealed. The earliest complex is represented by fragments from thick-walled, flat-bottomed profiled dishes, ornamented mainly with shallow rounded indentations forming multidirectional straight lines. The section of the corolla is beveled inwards and slightly bent. The profile of the bottom part is concave, with a protrusion along the edge of the bottom, ornamented with indentations. Such ceramics have parallels in the materials of the sites from the Baraba forest-steppe, which were attributed by V.V. Bobrov to the Boborykino culture, and later by V.I. Molodin to the Baraba Early Neolithic culture (the 7th millennium BC). Another ceramic complex from the site is represented by fragments of vessels of the Ekaterininskaya culture, ornamented mainly by horizontal rows of oblique combed and smooth stamps and pits. The last of the early ceramics complexes contains flat-bottomed dishes of the Early Bronze Age, ornamented with a comb stamp. During the excavations, a collection of stone products was also obtained, which was represented mainly by the products made of quartzite (plates, scrapers), and a microplate made of jasper. The multilayered nature of the site and the priority choice of the studied habitat by the population during the Neolithic-Early Bronze Age were established. Probable pits of dwellings associated with early horizons of habitation have been identified. The Early Neolithic ceramic complex presented in the publication not only closes the gap between the Mesolithic and the Late Neolithic in the Middle Irtysh region, but also expands the area of distribution of the sites with flat-bottomed Neolithic ceramics in the southwestern Siberia. Its correlation with any archaeological culture is currently within the framework of the discussion that has unfolded in the recent years about the cultural affiliation of the complexes with flat-bottomed profiled Neolithic ceramics in the territory.