bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A proposed crystal structure of lifitegrast sesquihydrate Form A, (C29H24Cl2N2O7S)2(H2O)3
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Rost Megan M. , Dosen Anja , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: December 2024

A proposed crystal structure of lifitegrast Form A has been derived using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Lifitegrast sesquihydrate Form A crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 18.2526(4), b = 5.15219(6), c = 30.1962(6) Å, β = 90.8670(19), V = 2839.35(7) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of discrete lifitegrast molecules linked by hydrogen bonds among carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl groups, and water molecules into a three-dimensional framework. The water molecules occur in clusters. Each water molecule acts as a donor in two O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and as an acceptor. One water molecule acts as an acceptor in a water–water O–H⋯O hydrogen bond, and all three water molecules are acceptors in C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Each carboxylic acid group acts as a donor in a strong discrete O–H⋯O hydrogen bond; one to a water molecule and the other to a carbonyl group. The amino groups both form N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds to carbonyl groups. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Evaluation of the Queensland JEV vaccine program response to the 2022 Australian outbreak
Authors: Misan Angus , Lambert Stephen B. , Phung Hai , Young Megan K.
Published: December 2024

In 2022, the largest ever virgin soil outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred in Australia resulting in 45 reported human cases of JE, with seven fatalities. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected in 84 piggeries across Australia. In response, states implemented targeted vaccination programs for those individuals at the highest risk of JEV exposure. A mixed methods approach, including geospatial mapping of JEV vaccine distribution in Queensland, a case series of Queensland human cases and interviews with Queensland Health staff, assessed the JEV vaccination response program. Five notified human cases were reviewed, with three having occupational outdoor risk and local travel-related exposure. Vaccine coverage ranged from 0 to 7.4 doses per 100 people after 12 months of the program. The highest uptake was in southern Queensland, where 95% of the state’s commercial pig population is located. The vaccination program was limited by a heavy reliance on general practitioners, vast geographical distribution of eligible populations, difficulties mobilising and engaging eligible cohorts, and suboptimal One Health collaboration. Population and climate factors make it possible for the virus to become endemic. Targeted vaccination programs remain an important strategy to protect people at the highest risk of exposure, however, program improvements are required to optimize vaccine accessibility.
Testing speakers’ use of the social meaning potential of variable liaison in spoken French
Authors: Martin Alexander , Corbeau Emma , Abbou Julie , Burnett Heather
Published: December 2024

The relation between perception and production in social meaning is often taken to be transparent, with social meaning associations learned from observations of language use. However, recent work has suggested that this relation is often more complex than previously thought. Here, we present new data comparing the social meaning of realized variable liaison in spoken French, couched within the framework of the pragmatic sociology of critique. We recall data from a recent matched guise experiment showing that listeners associate the realization of liaison with meanings like “professionalism”, specifically in social situations where efficacy and expertise are at issue. Basing ourselves on this finding, we use a production task, presenting these same social situations to amateur and professional actors. We find that our participants do not exploit the social meaning potential of variable liaison, producing liaison at lexically-determined rates on a par with previous corpus studies. We discuss this discrepancy between perception and production, which suggests that the link between the two is dependent on the linguistic variable under investigation.
Adverbial V3 in Early New High German? Construction(s) with So
Authors: Bloom Barthe
Published: December 2024

This article presents a constructional analysis of the uses of left-peripheral so in Early New High German. This element is known as a resumptive element, which takes up an adverbial clause and integrates it into a main clause. While this seems a valid analysis for constructions with preposed adverbial clauses, it is not compatible when so is preceded by adverbs or main clauses.

First, a quantitatively informed picture is presented. A network is proposed that centers around a prototype in which so connects a protasis and apodosis when so follows verb-final and verb-initial clauses. Second, it is argued that so following verb-second clauses is loosely connected to this network. Finally, it is considered whether and to what degree the use of so following adverbs should be analyzed in the same way as so following adverbial clauses. It is argued that patterns with adverbs are not in paradigmatic relation with adverbial clauses. Moreover, their function is different, as they are backward-oriented and take up earlier constituents.
Deep-learning-based image compression for microscopy images: An empirical study
Authors: Zhou Yu , Sollmann Jan , Chen Jianxu
Published: December 2024

With the fast development of modern microscopes and bioimaging techniques, an unprecedentedly large amount of imaging data is being generated, stored, analyzed, and shared through networks. The size of the data poses great challenges for current data infrastructure. One common way to reduce the data size is by image compression. This study analyzes multiple classic and deep-learning-based image compression methods, as well as an empirical study on their impact on downstream deep-learning-based image processing models. We used deep-learning-based label-free prediction models (i.e., predicting fluorescent images from bright-field images) as an example downstream task for the comparison and analysis of the impact of image compression. Different compression techniques are compared in compression ratio, image similarity, and, most importantly, the prediction accuracy of label-free models on original and compressed images. We found that artificial intelligence (AI)-based compression techniques largely outperform the classic ones with minimal influence on the downstream 2D label-free tasks. In the end, we hope this study could shed light on the potential of deep-learning-based image compression and raise the awareness of the potential impacts of image compression on downstream deep-learning models for analysis.
Turfgrass tolerance to tetflupyrolimet applications for preemergence grassy weed control
Authors: Pritchard Benjamin D. , Breeden Gregory K. , Bowling Rebecca G. , Gannon Travis W. , Hutto Kendall C. , Brosnan James T.
Published: December 2024

Tetflupyrolimet (Dodhylex™ Active, FMC Corporation) is a novel herbicide inhibiting de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis that controls grassy weeds preemergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Field trials were conducted from 2021 to 2024 to evaluate turfgrass tolerance to tetflupyrolimet applications for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] control. Tolerance was evaluated on seven turfgrass species, including creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; syn.: Festuca arundinacea Schreb.], hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy], and manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] at various mowing heights ranging from 3.8 to 12.5 mm. Separate experiments were conducted on each turfgrass species to evaluate tolerance in both fall and spring. Tetflupyrolimet was applied at rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, or 6400 g ai ha−1. No injury was observed on any warm-season turfgrass species in either season, whereas cool-season grass tolerance varied among species each season; however, cool-season turfgrass tolerance for all species was greater in spring than fall. While efficacy of tetflupyrolimet (400 g ha−1) for preemergence D. ischaemum control varied among years, mixtures of tetflupyrolimet (400 g ha−1), pyroxasulfone (128 g ai ha−1), and rimsulfuron (35 g ai ha−1) applied preemergence or early postemergence effectively controlled multiple-resistant P. annua in both seasons. Overall, these findings highlight that warm-season turfgrasses are highly tolerant of tetflupyrolimet applications for P. annua or D. ischaemum control.
Revisiting Slip Deficit Rates and Its Insights Into Large and Slow Earthquakes at the Nankai Subduction Zone
Authors: Plata‐Martinez Raymundo , Iinuma Takeshi , Tomita Fumiaki , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Nishimura Takuya , Hori Takane
Published: December 2024

The Nankai subduction zone presents significant seismic and tsunami risks, given its historical earthquakes exceeding magnitude 8 and the expectations of similar future events. Slow earthquakes, common at the shallow and deep plate interface, result from different frictional properties linked to interplate slip deficit accumulation. This study estimates slip deficit rates at the Nankai subduction zone using land and ocean‐bottom geodetic data. Previous estimates encountered limitations, often smoothing slip deficits, omitting observational error differences between ocean‐floor and land data, and relying on homogeneous structure models. To address these issues, we employ a novel trans‐dimensional reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. This approach dynamically adjusts slip parameters, accommodating data resolution and producing a flexible slip distribution without predetermined spatial constraints. Additionally, it automatically weights data for observational errors and integrates elastic Green functions from a 3D structure of the Nankai region. Our results provide a finer, heterogeneous slip distribution, improving estimates in inland regions. However, limitations remain offshore in areas with sparse data. We revised the spatial distribution of Nankai slow earthquakes and confirmed a good agreement with intermediate slip deficit rates, identifying coupled and uncoupled regions. High slip deficit rates align with rupture areas of historic large earthquakes. Slow earthquakes occur at frictionally weak plate interfaces, and shallow slow earthquakes may result from subducting relief heterogeneities with important pore fluid pressure effects. We introduce an updated distribution of slip deficit rates for the Nankai subduction zone, considering observed slip deficit rates and the fast and slow earthquake occurrence.
National Forest Restoration Projects in China: Cost‐Efficiency, and Trade‐Off Between Carbon Sequestration and Water Consumption
Authors: Zhang Jiehao , Zhang Yulong , Wang Xia , He Tiehu , Xia Huijuan , Zhang Kerong , Zhang Quanfa
Published: December 2024

International initiatives, such as the Bonn Challenge, Trillion Tree Campaign, New York Declaration on Forests, and United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, have set ambitious targets for forest restoration. However, the effectiveness and cost‐efficiency of large‐scale forest restoration projects (FRP) in different climatic zones, and the trade‐off between carbon sequestration and water consumption caused by FRP are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive examination of 2,778 counties in China, where the world's most ambitious FRP was executed during the past two decades. Results showed that, on average, each square kilometer of FRP yielded an additional 0.6 square kilometers of forests and contributed an extra 1354.9 tC to forest carbon storage, with the aridity index emerging as a key influencer. The actual expenditure incurred per ton of increased forest carbon storage amounted to approximately 118.9 USD in average, with the lowest in Southwest at 50.9 USD. The expansion of forest cover and enhanced biomass storage led to a notable increase in water consumption, and the trade‐off was particularly pronounced in arid regions. Our study provides empirical evidence that FRP is an effective and cost‐efficient climate change mitigation strategy for humid climate zones under current carbon prices. However, FRP is not cost‐efficient in semi‐arid and arid regions. These findings have significant implications for global forest restoration endeavors and formulating sound climate change mitigation policies.
Southern Ocean and Southern African Monsoon Forcing of the Subtropical Indian Ocean Early Pliocene “Biogenic Bloom”
Authors: Tangunan D. N. , Flores J. A. , LeVay L. J. , Jimenez‐Espejo F. J. , Coenen J. J. , Berke M. A. , de Azevedo A. Q. , Fuertes M. A. , Gruetzner J. , Starr A. , Hall I. R.
Published: December 2024

The Pliocene epoch emerges as a pivotal juncture in Earth's climatic evolution, characterized by pronounced warmth and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to contemporary levels. While the broader climatic context of the Pliocene has garnered attention, there remains an outstanding gap in detailed paleoclimate reconstructions of the early Pliocene, a new potential target for data‐model intercomparison. Addressing this, we investigate the drivers of the early Pliocene “Biogenic Bloom” and implications for nutrient dynamics and climate. By analyzing high‐resolution biotic assemblage and geochemical records from the Agulhas Plateau, southwestern Indian Ocean (International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP Site U1475), we aim to elucidate the forcing and feedback mechanisms driving the early Pliocene marine ecosystems. We identify a distinct shift in coccolithophore assemblages at ∼4.6 million years ago, characterized by a notable change in dominance between the larger and smaller Reticulofenestra and high abundances of Noelaerhabdaceae < 5 µm. Our findings confirm the adaptive strategies of coccolithophore communities to prevailing environmental conditions, underscoring their evolutionary resilience by producing smaller coccoliths while increasing their abundances in a nutrient‐replete ocean. Surface water dynamics, particularly the subtropical front migration and expansion of Southern Ocean waters, in combination with the southern African monsoon variability, emerge as key drivers of phytoplankton productivity during the early Pliocene. We posit that a weakened biological carbon pump, due to increased phytoplankton production driven by intense ocean circulation and mixing during the early Pliocene, served as a potential precursor to the subsequent middle Pliocene abrupt climate extremes.
Limiting serine availability during tumor progression promotes muscle wasting in cancer cachexia
Authors: Pranzini Erica , Muccillo Livio , Nesi Ilaria , Santi Alice , Mancini Caterina , Lori Giulia , Genovese Massimo , Lottini Tiziano , Comito Giuseppina , Caselli Anna , Arcangeli Annarosa , Sabatino Lina , Colantuoni Vittorio , Taddei Maria Letizia , Cirri Paolo , Paoli Paolo
Published: December 2024

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of body weight occurring in about 80% of cancer patients, frequently representing the leading cause of death. Dietary intervention is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer-induced wasting. Serine is the second most-consumed amino acid (AA) by cancer cells and has emerged to be strictly necessary to preserve skeletal muscle structure and functionality. Here, we demonstrate that decreased serine availability during tumor progression promotes myotubes diameter reduction in vitro and induces muscle wasting in in vivo mice models. By investigating the metabolic crosstalk between colorectal cancer cells and muscle cells, we found that incubating myotubes with conditioned media from tumor cells relying on exogenous serine consumption triggers pronounced myotubes diameter reduction. Accordingly, culturing myotubes in a serine-free medium induces fibers width reduction and suppresses the activation of the AKT-mTORC1 pathway with consequent impairment in protein synthesis, increased protein degradation, and enhanced expression of the muscle atrophy-related genes Atrogin1 and MuRF1. In addition, serine-starved conditions affect myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, finally inducing oxidative stress in myotubes. Consistently, serine dietary deprivation strongly strengthens cancer-associated weight loss and muscle atrophy in mice models. These findings uncover serine consumption by tumor cells as a previously undisclosed driver in cancer cachexia, opening new routes for possible therapeutic approaches.
Predicting electronic screening for fast Koopmans spectral functional calculations
Authors: Schubert Yannick , Luber Sandra , Marzari Nicola , Linscott Edward
Published: December 2024

Koopmans spectral functionals are a powerful extension of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (DFT) that enables the prediction of spectral properties with state-of-the-art accuracy. The success of these functionals relies on capturing the effects of electronic screening through scalar, orbital-dependent parameters. These parameters have to be computed for every calculation, making Koopmans spectral functionals more expensive than their DFT counterparts. In this work, we present a machine-learning model that—with minimal training—can predict these screening parameters directly from orbital densities calculated at the DFT level. We show in two prototypical use cases that using the screening parameters predicted by this model, instead of those calculated from linear response, leads to orbital energies that differ by less than 20 meV on average. Since this approach dramatically reduces run times with minimal loss of accuracy, it will enable the application of Koopmans spectral functionals to classes of problems that previously would have been prohibitively expensive, such as the prediction of temperature-dependent spectral properties. More broadly, this work demonstrates that measuring violations of piecewise linearity (i.e., curvature in total energies with respect to occupancies) can be done efficiently by combining frozen-orbital approximations and machine learning.
Predicting the replicability of social and behavioural science claims in COVID-19 preprints
Authors: Marcoci Alexandru , Wilkinson David P. , Vercammen Ans , Wintle Bonnie C. , Abatayo Anna Lou , Baskin Ernest , Berkman Henk , Buchanan Erin M. , Capitán Sara , Capitán Tabaré , Chan Ginny , Cheng Kent Jason G. , Coupé Tom , Dryhurst Sarah , Duan Jianhua , Edlund John E. , Errington Timothy M. , Fedor Anna , Fidler Fiona , Field James G. , Fox Nicholas , Fraser Hannah , Freeman Alexandra L. J. , Hanea Anca , Holzmeister Felix , Hong Sanghyun , Huggins Raquel , Huntington-Klein Nick , Johannesson Magnus , Jones Angela M. , Kapoor Hansika , Kerr John , Kline Struhl Melissa , Kołczyńska Marta , Liu Yang , Loomas Zachary , Luis Brianna , Méndez Esteban , Miske Olivia , Mody Fallon , Nast Carolin , Nosek Brian A. , Simon Parsons E. , Pfeiffer Thomas , Reed W. Robert , Roozenbeek Jon , Schlyfestone Alexa R. , Schneider Claudia R. , Soh Andrew , Song Zhongchen , Tagat Anirudh , Tutor Melba , Tyner Andrew H. , Urbanska Karolina , van der Linden Sander
Published: December 2024

Replications are important for assessing the reliability of published findings. However, they are costly, and it is infeasible to replicate everything. Accurate, fast, lower-cost alternatives such as eliciting predictions could accelerate assessment for rapid policy implementation in a crisis and help guide a more efficient allocation of scarce replication resources. We elicited judgements from participants on 100 claims from preprints about an emerging area of research (COVID-19 pandemic) using an interactive structured elicitation protocol, and we conducted 29 new high-powered replications. After interacting with their peers, participant groups with lower task expertise (‘beginners’) updated their estimates and confidence in their judgements significantly more than groups with greater task expertise (‘experienced’). For experienced individuals, the average accuracy was 0.57 (95% CI: [0.53, 0.61]) after interaction, and they correctly classified 61% of claims; beginners’ average accuracy was 0.58 (95% CI: [0.54, 0.62]), correctly classifying 69% of claims. The difference in accuracy between groups was not statistically significant and their judgements on the full set of claims were correlated (r(98) = 0.48, P < 0.001). These results suggest that both beginners and more-experienced participants using a structured process have some ability to make better-than-chance predictions about the reliability of ‘fast science’ under conditions of high uncertainty. However, given the importance of such assessments for making evidence-based critical decisions in a crisis, more research is required to understand who the right experts in forecasting replicability are and how their judgements ought to be elicited.
Automated orthogonal tRNA generation
Authors: Spinck Martin , Guppy Amir , Chin Jason W.
Published: December 2024

The ability to generate orthogonal, active tRNAs—central to genetic code expansion and reprogramming—is still fundamentally limited. In this study, we developed Chi-T, a method for the de novo generation of orthogonal tRNAs. Chi-T segments millions of isoacceptor tRNA sequences into parts and then assembles chimeric tRNAs from these parts. Chi-T fixes the parts, containing identity elements, and combinatorially varies all other parts to generate chimeric sequences. Chi-T also filters the variable parts and chimeric sequences to minimize host identity elements. We show here that experimentally characterized orthogonal tRNAs are more likely to have predicted minimum free energy cloverleaf structures, and Chi-T filters for sequences with a predicted cloverleaf structure. We report RS-ID for the identification of synthetases that may acylate the tRNAs generated by Chi-T. We computationally identified new orthogonal tRNAs and engineered an orthogonal pair generated by Chi-T/RS-ID to direct non-canonical amino acid incorporation, in response to both amber codons and sense codons, with an efficiency similar to benchmark genetic code expansion systems.
Semi-local Time sensitive Anonymization of Clinical Data
Authors: Hammer Freimut Gebhard Herbert , Buglowski Mateusz , Stollenwerk André
Published: December 2024

A method for the anonymization of time-continuous data, which preserves the relation between the time- and value dimension is proposed in this work. The approach protects against linking- and distribution attacks by providing k-anonymity and t-closeness. Distributions can be generated from given sets using Distribution Clustering, according to the similarity of the curves, which serve as a replacement for the population distribution. Before the data is anonymized, it is split along the time-axis using Windowed Fréchet Splitting, to reduce the duration and information loss. The proposed approach employs bucketization using the Fréchet distance with an implicit maximum cost and implied t for closeness and multiple redistribution phases. The information loss, median relative error and achieved t for the closeness is low, and the runtime was reduced with the introduction of semi-local decisions.
Unravelling 2-oxoglutarate turnover and substrate oxidation dynamics in 5-methylcytosine-oxidising TET enzymes
Authors: Šimelis Klemensas , Belle Roman , Kawamura Akane
Published: December 2024

Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent dioxygenases use 2OG and O2 cofactors to catalyse substrate oxidation and yield oxidised product, succinate, and CO2. Simultaneous detection of substrate and cofactors is difficult, contributing to a poor understanding of the dynamics between substrate oxidation and 2OG decarboxylation activities. Here, we profile 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-oxidising Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes using MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy methods and reveal a high degree of substrate oxidation-independent 2OG turnover under a range of conditions. 2OG decarboxylase activity is substantial (>20% 2OG turned over after 1 h) in the absence of substrate, while, under substrate-saturating conditions, half of total 2OG consumption is uncoupled from substrate oxidation. 2OG kinetics are affected by substrate and non-substrate DNA oligomers, and the sequence-agnostic effects are observed in amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi NgTet1 and human TET2. TET inhibitors also alter uncoupled 2OG kinetics, highlighting the potential effect of 2OG dioxygenase inhibitors on the intracellular balance of 2OG/succinate.
Sustainability of Biosensors Over Conventional Methods
Authors: Erkmen Cem , Taghvimi Arezou , Javadzadeh Yousef , Kurbanoglu Sevinc
Published: December 2024

The sustainability of biosensors over conventional analytical methods represents a significant leap forward in the field of analytical chemistry, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. Biosensors, owing to their unique characteristics, offer a myriad of advantages that align with the principles of sustainability. The sustainability of biosensors arises from their ability to minimize sample volumes, operate efficiently with lower energy consumption, enable real-time monitoring, and adhere to green chemistry principles. As technological advancements continue to enhance biosensor capabilities, their role in fostering sustainable practices across various industries becomes increasingly evident, marking a positive shift towards more eco-conscious analytical methodologies. In this chapter, we discuss the sustainability of biosensors over conventional methods, along with a brief overview of biosensors, their types, and advantages over traditional methods in analytical performance, miniaturization, sample preparation, and so on.
Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: December 2024

Artificial photosynthesis, in broad terms, is the process for converting solar energy into a useful fuel for storage and mobile use, as photosynthesis in plants and algae does. Replication of the photosynthetic process would mark a significant achievement in the production of clean energy while also reducing CO2 in the atmosphere. Artificially replicating the process however, presents several challenges and thus far, extensive efforts have been devoted to water splitting to produce hydrogen as a solar fuel in heterogeneous photocatalysis. The molecular-based mimicry of the fundamental processes occurring in photosynthesis have attracted much attention including: light harvesting, charge separation, water oxidation, NAD(P)+ reduction and CO2 fixation. Each of these processes, however, have been researched separately in their respective fields of study. This book aims to provide a unified view, and future perspective, of artificial photosynthesis while discussing and reviewing all of the artificial molecular processes together. It is an ideal single-source reference for any student or early career researcher interested in the study of molecular-based artificial photosynthesis systems.
Graphite and Carbon Fibres
Authors: Liu Dong , Jiang Ming , Potter Kevin D. , Harris Peter J. F.
Published: December 2024

Graphite has been used by humankind for hundreds of years and is now a key component of many major technologies. This chapter begins by describing the occurrence of natural graphite and the production of synthetic graphite by the Acheson and other processes. The structure of graphite is then outlined and the nature of defects that occur in graphite crystals is described. The chemical and physical properties of graphite are summarised. Two major applications of graphite are then reviewed, namely its use in nuclear power and in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, carbon fibres, which have essentially graphitic structures, are discussed. The structure of carbon fibres is described and the preparation, properties and applications of carbon fibre composites reviewed.
Carbon Dots
Authors: Abbas Khurram , Jiang Lei , Li Yuan , Li Zijian , Bi Hong
Published: December 2024

As a novel form of carbon-based nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable interest in recent years because of their intriguing properties, including small particle sizes, low costs, eco-friendliness, an abundance of functional groups, tuneable optical properties, strong conductivity, minimal cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. Due to their exceptional combination of qualities and simplicity of synthesis, CDs are extremely promising materials for use in the biomedical, photo/electrocatalysis and optoelectronic fields. This review offers brief explanations of the most current advances of CDs in the fields of biomedical and physical science. Potential biomedical applications include bioimaging, cancer therapy, drug delivery, nanozymes, biosensing and multifunctional diagnostic platforms. Applications in applied physics and chemistry include photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, optoelectronic devices, energy storage and conversion. Finally, in an outlook and perspective, we provide a roadmap for future CD discoveries and expanding applications to overcome various existing technological challenges.
Rapid mimetic micro-contact nano-fluorosensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of amygdalin in biological matrices
Authors: Moradi Fatemeh , Akbari-adergani Behrouz , Azar Parviz Aberoomand , Givianrad Mohammad Hadi
Published: December 2024

A nano fluorosensor was constructed with desirable features by combining the high selectivity of MIP with the sensitivity of fluorescent agent using the micro-contact approach for the detection of AMG in biological matrices.
Facile preparation of a hydrophilic Eu-based ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor for Cu2+ ion detection and imaging in living cells
Authors: Zhang Moru , Deng Chunyun , Chen Jing , Liang Shucai
Published: December 2024

A hydrophilic and dual-emission Eu(iii)-based sensor for Cu2+ ratiometric fluorescence detection and imaging in living cells.
A one-step route for the conversion of Cd waste into CdS quantum dots by Acidithiobacillus sp. via unique biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Li Xiao-Ju , Wang Tian-Qi , Qi Lu , Li Feng-Wei , Xia Yong-Zhen , Bin-Jin  , Zhang Cheng-Jia , Chen Lin-Xu , Lin Jian-Qun
Published: December 2024

Acidithiobacillus sp. serves as biological factories for the synthesis of CdS quantum dots by directly using its bioleaching Cd ion from cadmium waste as source.
Recent progress of density functional theory studies on carbon-supported single-atom catalysts for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Shao Hengjia , Zhong Li , Wu Xingqiao , Wang Yun-Xiao , Smith Sean C. , Tan Xin
Published: December 2024

Atomic-level regulation strategies and the great potential applications of carbon-supported single-atom catalysts for energy storage and conversion.
Photoredox radical/polar crossover enables carbo-heterofunctionalization of alkenes: facile access to 1,3-difunctionalized nitro compounds
Authors: Patra Subrata , Valsamidou Vasiliki , Nandasana Bhargav N. , Katayev Dmitry
Published: December 2024

We report a method for carbo-heterofunctionalization of alkenes via radical-polar crossover photoredox catalysis, enabling the synthesis of 1,3-difunctionalized nitro compounds from redox-active organic reagents as nitroalkyl radical precursors.
Photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) in organic synthesis: reaction modes and research advances
Authors: Yang Yingying , Huang Xinxiang , Jin Yi
Published: December 2024

In recent years, visible light-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) has emerged as an attractive approach for synthesizing a range of functionalized molecules.
β-Stereoselective Kdo C-glycosylation by a (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O preactivation strategy
Authors: Zhang Jing-dong , Liu Guang-jian , Xing Guo-wen
Published: December 2024

An approach to synthesize β-Kdo C-glycosides based on a Tf2O/(p-Tol)2SO preactivation strategy using per-O-acetylated p-toluene thioglycoside as a donor and π-nucleophiles as acceptors via a thermodynamic SN1-like mechanism is reported.
Investigating the differences of active oxygen species and carbonate species on the surface of Ce0.95M (M = Mn and Zr)0.05O2−δ catalysts prepared by the aerosol method during CO oxidation using operando TPR-DRIFTS-MS
Authors: Xu Jiacheng , Sun Yan , Yao Shuiliang
Published: December 2024

MO plays a key role on the catalyst surface and can react with CO at low temperatures. Importantly, the high content of MO is conducive to the formation of monodentate carbonate (M–O–CO2).
Colorless copper-containing coatings with high antimicrobial efficacy and formulation versatility
Authors: Culpepper Johnathan D. , Frutos Anthony G. , Yehl Jenna B. , Chang Theresa , Lahiri Joydeep
Published: December 2024

This work reports aqueous extractions from a copper-glass ceramic powder to make a novel antimicrobial (AM) Cu(i)-containing additive for colorless water-based coatings. The additive in three coating types, gave high AM efficacy and low color impact.
Precise manipulation of iron spin states in single-atom catalytic membranes for singlet oxygen selective production
Authors: Lu Na , Li Yanle , Wang Jianqiang , Li Guiliang , Li Guowei , Liu Fu , Tang Chuyang Y.
Published: December 2024

Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts are attracting substantial attention for selectively generating singlet oxygen (1O2).
Synthesis of a thermally stable 2D MOF via neat grinding and annealing of a panel-like triangular ligand with Zn(ii)
Authors: Elli Stefano , Caruso Manfredi , Sacchetti Alessandro , Martí-Rujas Javier
Published: December 2024

The solid-state reactivity achieved through neat grinding and heating of a new exotridentate pyridine-based ligand and ZnBr2 results in the formation of a 2D metal–organic framework as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction.
Aza-Michael addition by ball milling
Authors: Vugrin Leonarda , Bjelopetrović Alen , Halasz Ivan
Published: December 2024

Here, accompanied by in situ Raman monitoring, we adapt the aza-Michael addition for the formation of C-N bond under mechanochemical conditions, enabling solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis and facile preparation of...
Crystallization control of Cu(i)-halide via thermal evaporation for improving resistive switching memory performance
Authors: Lee SangMyeong , Hong Bong Ki , Lee Sang-Uk , Huh Jong-In , Yoon Geon Woo , Park Nam-Gyu , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: December 2024

Enhanced resistive switching performance in CsCu2I3 thin films through crystallinity improvement via substrate deposition and post-annealing temperature control in thermal evaporation.
Origins of the substituent effects in the aldol condensation of axially chiral thiohydantoins: a computational study
Authors: Goksel Carpa Nazli , Ozerdem Zekihan , Dogan Ilknur , Haslak Zeynep Pinar , Aviyente Viktorya
Published: December 2024

The aldol condensation of the enolate of thiohydantoins is selective and depends on the nature of the substituent R.
Precisely controlled yet dynamically exchanged micelles via the self-assembly of amphiphilic acrylate random copolymers in water
Authors: Kono Hiroyuki , Ouchi Makoto , Terashima Takaya
Published: December 2024

Herein, we investigated the self-assembly of amphiphilic acrylate random copolymers bearing hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chains and hydrophobic dodecyl groups into micelles in water.
Ultrahigh energy storage density in lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under moderate electric fields via phase fraction manipulation
Authors: Fan Jiangtao , Wang Linxiang , Wang Jiaxing , Cheng Zheng , Zhong Langxiang , Yang Tiantian , Hu Zhanggui
Published: December 2024

Since electronic devices deteriorate when used in extremely high electric fields, it is essential to explore the potential of dielectric capacitors with high energy density under medium electric fields (MEFs).
The road to green efficiency: exploration of multicomponent reactions from transition metal catalysis to no catalyst conditions
Authors: Li Jie , Cui Jiajun , Guo Hongying , Yang Jiyou , Huan Weiwei
Published: December 2024

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have become excellent tools for synthesizing complex and high-value molecules. This minireview highlights recent progresses in MCRs classified by the type of catalysts to offer a better and deeper understanding.
Magnetic microwire rheometer reveals differences in hydrogel degradation via disulfide reducing agents
Authors: Braunreuther Margaret , Arenhoevel Justin , Bej Raju , Moose Cody , Mall Marcus A. , Haag Rainer , Fuller Gerald G.
Published: December 2024

Mucus is composed of a complex network of mucin polymers connected by disulfide bonds.
Correction: Raman spectroscopy study of K-birnessite single crystals
Authors: Ha Dong Han , Noh Gichang , Kim Hakseong , Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Jeongho , Jung Suyong , Hwang Chanyong , Lee Ha Young , Yun Yong Ju , Kwak Joon Young , Kang Kibum , Yi Sam Nyung
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Raman spectroscopy study of K-birnessite single crystals’ by Dong Han Ha et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 617–626, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA06118G.
Silicon oxide microchips functionalized with fluorescent probes for quantitative real-time glutathione sensing in living cells
Authors: Bagherpour Saman , Vázquez Patricia , Duch Marta , Pablo Agusil Juan , Plaza José Antonio , Redondo-Horcajo Mariano , Suárez Teresa , Pérez-García Lluïsa
Published: December 2024

We report a sensing platform based on silicon oxide microchips functionalized with ratiometric fluorescent probes for real-time intracellular recognition of glutathione in living cells.
Injectable biocompatible hydrogels with tunable strength based on crosslinked supramolecular polymer nanofibers
Authors: Ulrich Hans F. , Pihlamagi Ceren C. , Klein Tobias , Bakkali-Hassani Camille , Catrouillet Sylvain , Brendel Johannes C.
Published: December 2024

Shear-thinning biocompatible hydrogels are created through supramolecular fiber formation of amphiphilic polymers with hydrogen-bonding motifs based on peptide units. Chemical variations allow tuning of the rheological properties over a wide range.
Advances in nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity for biosensing and disease therapy applications
Authors: Yuan Xiaohua , He Xun , Fan Jiwen , Tai Yunze , Yao Yongchao , Luo Yao , Chen Jie , Luo Han , Zhou Xingli , Luo Fengming , Niu Qian , Hu Wenchuang (Walter) , Sun Xuping , Ying Binwu
Published: December 2024

This review explores the different types of nanozymes with POD-like activity and discusses their activity regulation, particularly emphasizing their latest development trends and advances in biosensing and disease treatment.
Double network hydrogels encapsulating genetically modified dedifferentiated chondrocytes for auricular cartilage regeneration
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Xiaoting , Tan Xueqin , Huang Yeqian , Zhang Wen , Wang Zhicun , Yang Li , Wang Yunbing , Li Zhengyong , Zhang Xingdong
Published: December 2024

A schematic representation of preparation of genetically modified dedifferentiated chondrocytes and porous double network hydrogels for their application in constructing tissue-engineered auricular cartilage scaffolds.
A high-performance infrared photodetector based on GeTe films and In/Ag bimetallic electrodes
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Zhou Xin , Liu Xiaolin , Wu Jingyuan , Xu Kaibing , Gu Yi , Wang Chunrui , Wu Liangcai
Published: December 2024

Photodetectors utilizing the annealed crystalline GeTe films were developed. This research demonstrates the feasibility of employing GeTe films for infrared detection.
Stretchable alternating current electroluminescent fiber based on transparent and highly conductive dual-network imidazolium chloride ion–gel electrodes for wearable display applications
Authors: Wang Tao , Chu Yaoqing , Fang Yongzheng , Liu Zhifu
Published: December 2024

Wearable displays are an ultimate form of signal sensing for individual safety and health, but the traditional displays used are typically flat and have complex electronics, leading to a lack of ease and comfort in wearing them.
Revenue stream tokenization with tranching of claim seniority in electricity markets
Authors: de Villiers Almero , Byrne Julie , Cuffe Paul
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes tokenising generators' revenue streams as a novel financial instrument for electricity market risk management. The core idea is that tokenised revenue streams (RevToks) holders can directly claim a portion of a generator's energy market revenues. The novelty lies in exploring a tranched structure, creating a tiered hierarchy of RevTok claims. This approach addresses the financial challenges of non‐dispatchable renewable energy generation and volatile electricity spot markets, which expose generation firms to volumetric and price risks, potentially deterring project financiers. The manuscript introduces tranching, a scheme for fractionalising energy market revenues based on RevTok seniority. Project financiers might hold senior RevToks, ensuring first claim on generator revenues, while bulk offtakers could purchase junior RevToks as a hedge against high wholesale prices. Case study market simulations indicate that these tranched revenue sharing arrangements can, in principle, help generators, financiers, and offtakers to better manage their risk exposure. The proposed system would allow RevTok holders to directly claim shares of specific generators' revenue streams, offering a new risk management tool for various electricity market participants.
Sun-related variability in the light curves of compact radio sources
Authors: Marchili N. , Witzel G. , Aller M. F.
Published: December 2024

Context. Compact radio sources can show remarkable flux density variations at gigahertz frequencies on a wide range of timescales. The origin of the variability is a mix of source-intrinsic mechanisms and propagation effects, the latter being generally identified with scattering from the interstellar medium. Some of the most extreme episodes of variability, however, show characteristics that are not consistent with any of the explanations commonly proposed.

Aims. We carried out an in-depth analysis of variability at radio frequencies on light curves from the impressive database of the US Navy’s extragalactic source monitoring program at the Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) – a long-term project mainly aimed at the investigation of extreme scattering events. The GBI data have been complemented for selected sources by light curves from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO). The purpose of the present work is to identify events of flux density variations that appear to correlate with the position of the Sun.

Methods. We inspected the 2 GHz and 8 GHz light curves observed in the framework of the GBI monitoring program in order to search for one-year periodic patterns in the data. Variations on timescales below one year were isolated through a de-trending algorithm and analysed, with the aim of looking for possible correlations with the Sun’s position relative to the sources.

Results. Objects at an ecliptic latitude below ∼20° show one-year periodic drops in flux densities, centred close to the time of minimum solar elongation. Both interplanetary scintillation and instrumental effects may contribute to these events. However, in some cases, the drops extend to much larger angular distances, affecting sources at high ecliptic latitudes and causing variability on timescales of months. Three different kinds of such events have been identified in the data, and their exact nature is not yet known.

Conclusions. In the present study we show that the variability of compact radio sources is heavily influenced by effects that correlate with solar angular distance. This unexpected contribution significantly alters the sources’ variability characteristics estimated at gigahertz frequencies. In particular, we found that many extreme scattering events previously identified in the GBI monitoring program are actually the consequence of Sun-related effects; others occur simultaneously in several objects, which excludes interstellar scattering as their possible cause. These discoveries have a severe impact on our understanding of extreme scattering events. Furthermore, Sun-related variability, given its amplitude and timescale, can significantly alter results of variability studies, which are very powerful tools for the investigation of active galactic nuclei. Without a thorough comprehension of the mechanisms that cause these variations, the estimation of some essential information about the emitting regions, such as their size and all the derived quantities, might be seriously compromised.
Relativistic reconnection with effective resistivity
Authors: Bugli M. , Lopresti E. F. , Figueiredo E. , Mignone A. , Cerutti B. , Mattia G. , Del Zanna L. , Bodo G. , Berta V.
Published: December 2024

Context. Relativistic magnetic reconnection is one of the most fundamental mechanisms that is considered responsible for the acceleration of relativistic particles in astrophysical jets and magnetospheres of compact objects. Understanding the properties of the dissipation of magnetic fields and the formation of non-ideal electric fields is of paramount importance to quantify the efficiency of reconnection at energizing charged particles.

Aims. Recent results from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations suggest that the fundamental properties of how magnetic fields dissipate in a current sheet might be captured by an “effective resistivity” formulation, which would locally enhance the amount of magnetic energy dissipated and favor the onset of fast reconnection. Our goal is to assess this ansatz quantitatively by comparing fluid models of magnetic reconnection with a non-constant magnetic diffusivity and fully kinetic models.

Methods. We performed 2D resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (ResRMHD) simulations of magnetic reconnection combined to PIC simulations using the same initial conditions (i.e., a Harris current sheet). We explored the impact of crucial parameters such as the plasma magnetization, its mass density, the grid resolution, and the characteristic plasma skin depth.

Results. Our ResRMHD models with effective resistivity are able to quantitatively reproduce the dynamics of fully kinetic models of relativistic magnetic reconnection. In particular, they lead to reconnection rates consistent with PIC simulations, whereas for constant-resistivity fluid models, the reconnection dynamics is generally ten times slower. Even at modest resolutions, adopting an effective resistivity can qualitatively capture the properties of kinetic reconnection models and produce reconnection rates compatible with collisionless models (i.e., on the order of ∼10−1).
Stereoscopic observations reveal coherent morphology and evolution of solar coronal loops
Authors: Ram B. , Chitta L. P. , Mandal S. , Peter H. , Plaschke F.
Published: December 2024

Coronal loops generally trace magnetic lines of force in the upper solar atmosphere. Understanding the loop morphology and its temporal evolution has implications for coronal heating models that rely on plasma heating due to reconnection at current sheets. Simultaneous observations of coronal loops from multiple vantage points are best suited for this purpose. Here we report a stereoscopic analysis of coronal loops in an active region based on observations from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Orbiter Spacecraft and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Our stereoscopic analysis reveals that coronal loops have nearly circular cross-sectional widths and that they exhibit temporally coherent intensity variations along their lengths on timescales of around 30 minutes. The results suggest that coronal loops can be best represented as three-dimensional monolithic or coherent plasma bundles that outline magnetic field lines. Therefore, at least on the scales resolved by Solar Orbiter, it is unlikely that coronal loops are manifestations of emission from the randomly aligned wrinkles in two-dimensional plasma sheets along the line of sight, as proposed in the coronal veil hypothesis.