[Guide to Accepting Hiyal-Based Contracts in Malaysia Islamic Banking: An Evaluation] Panduan Penerimaan Kontrak Yang Berasaskan Hiyal di Perbankan Islam Malaysia: Satu Penilaian
Authors: Zulkepli Muhammad Izzul Syahmi , Mohamad Mohammad Taqiuddin , Ramli Mohd Anuar 
Published: November 2020

Ḥiyal is a hidden approach in order to achieve certain goals. This legal device is still debated among Muslim scholars. Some of them are more likely to allow it, while others do not. Nonetheless, Islamic contracts that consist of ḥiyal, such as tawarruq have been attaining attraction especially in the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. It is offered widely through various Islamic banking products based on a specific guideline aimed at preserving the reputation and performance of Malaysian Islamic banking. Therefore, this study will examine ḥiyal concept from the fiqh perspective and the guidance of accepting ḥiyal contracts, particularly tawarruq-based deposit product offering at the Malaysian Islamic banking. To collect data, researchers utilised the library studies and field studies (interview). Library studies apply the method of documentation by referring to the ḥiyal discussion among Muslim scholars as well as the product disclosure sheet and the BNM tawarruq policy document. Meanwhile, the field studies employed the interview method which involve several informants among Shariah experts / muamalat and Shariah executives in Malaysian Islamic banking. The qualitative data were subsequently analyse using content analysis method descriptively. Research finding implies that although tawarruq contracts with ḥiyal elements were widely offered through Malaysian Islamic banking products, their acceptance took into account several guidelines, namely ḥiyal views from the perspective of fiqh, ḥiyal parameters, and BNM tawarruq policy document.

 

Ḥiyal merupakan satu pendekatan yang tersembunyi bagi mencapai satu matlamat khusus. Dalam perbahasan fiqh, fuqaha berbeza pandangan terhadap elemen ḥiyal. Sebahagian mereka lebih cenderung mengharuskan aplikasi elemen ini, demikian juga sebahagian lain tidak mengharuskannya. Namun begitu, kontrak yang mengandungi ḥiyal meraih penerimaan yang memberansangkan terutama dalam industri perbankan Islam di Malaysia, umpamanya dalam kontrak tawarruq. Ia ditawarkan secara meluas menerusi pelbagai produk perbankan Islam dengan berasaskan panduan khusus yang bertujuan untuk memelihara reputasi dan prestasi perbankan Islam Malaysia. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan meneliti konsep ḥiyal dari sudut fiqh dan panduan penerimaan kontrak yang mempunyai elemen ḥiyal, khususnya kontrak tawarruq dalam penawaran produk deposit di perbankan Islam Malaysia. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan dan lapangan (temubual) bagi mengumpulkan data. Kajian kepustakaan mengaplikasikan metode dokumentasi dengan merujuk kepada perbahasan ḥiyal dalam kalangan fuqaha di samping lembaran pendedahan produk serta dokumen polisi tawarruq BNM. Manakala kajian lapangan menggunapakai metode temubual yang melibatkan informan dalam kalangan pakar Syariah/muamalat dan eksekutif Syariah di perbankan Islam Malaysia. Data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan secara deskriptif dan tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati meskipun kontrak tawarruq yang mempunyai elemen ḥiyal ditawarkan secara meluas melalui produk perbankan Islam Malaysia, penerimaannya mengambil kira beberapa panduan iaitu perbincangan ḥiyal dari perspektif fiqh, parameter ḥiyal dan dokumen polisi tawarruq BNM.