bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climatology Analysis of Aerosol Effect on Marine Water Cloud from Long-Term Satellite Climate Data Records
Authors: Zhao Xuepeng , Heidinger Andrew , Walther Andi
Published: April 2016

Satellite aerosol and cloud climate data records (CDRs) have been used successfully to study the aerosol indirect effect (AIE). Data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) now span more than 30 years and allow these studies to be conducted from a climatology perspective. In this paper, AVHRR data are used to study the AIE on water clouds over the global oceans. Correlation analysis between aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and cloud parameters, including cloud droplet effective radius (CDER), cloud optical depth (COD), cloud water path (CWP), and cloud cover fraction (CCF), is performed. For the first time from satellite observations, the long-term trend in AIE over the global oceans is also examined. Three regimes have been identified: (1) AOT < 0.08, where CDER increases with AOT; (2) 0.08 < AOT < 0.3, where CDER generally decreases when AOT increases; and (3) AOT > 0.3, where CDER first increases with AOT and then levels off. AIE is easy to manifest in the CDER reduction in the second regime (named Regime 2), which is identified as the AIE sensitive/effective regime. The AIE manifested in the consistent changes of all four cloud variables (CDER, COD, CWP, and CCF) together is located only in limited areas and with evident seasonal variations. The long-term trend of CDER changes due to the AIE of AOT changes is detected and falls into three scenarios: Evident CDER decreasing (increasing) with significant AOT increasing (decreasing) and evident CDER decreasing with limited AOT increasing but AOT values fall in the AIE sensitive Regime 2.
Towards Real-Time Detection of Freezing of Gait Using Wavelet Transform on Wireless Accelerometer Data
Authors: Rezvanian Saba , Lockhart Thurmon
Published: April 2016

Injuries associated with fall incidences continue to pose a significant burden to persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) both in terms of human suffering and economic loss. Freezing of gait (FOG), which is one of the symptoms of PD, is a common cause of falls in this population. Although a significant amount of work has been performed to characterize/detect FOG using both qualitative and quantitative methods, there remains paucity of data regarding real-time detection of FOG, such as the requirements for minimum sensor nodes, sensor placement locations, and appropriate sampling period and update time. Here, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is employed to define an index for correctly identifying FOG. Since the CWT method uses both time and frequency components of a waveform in comparison to other methods utilizing only the frequency component, we hypothesized that using this method could lead to a significant improvement in the accuracy of FOG detection. We tested the proposed index on the data of 10 PD patients who experience FOG. Two hundred and thirty seven (237) FOG events were identified by the physiotherapists. The results show that the index could discriminate FOG in the anterior–posterior axis better than other two axes, and is robust to the update time variability. These results suggest that real time detection of FOG may be realized by using CWT of a single shank sensor with window size of 2 s and update time of 1 s (82.1% and 77.1% for the sensitivity and specificity, respectively). Although implicated, future studies should examine the utility of this method in real-time detection of FOG.
Microfluidic Devices for Terahertz Spectroscopy of Live Cells Toward Lab-on-a-Chip Applications
Authors: Tang Qi , Liang Min , Lu Yi , Wong Pak , Wilmink Gerald , Zhang Donna , Xin Hao
Published: April 2016

THz spectroscopy is an emerging technique for studying the dynamics and interactions of cells and biomolecules, but many practical challenges still remain in experimental studies. We present a prototype of simple and inexpensive cell-trapping microfluidic chip for THz spectroscopic study of live cells. Cells are transported, trapped and concentrated into the THz exposure region by applying an AC bias signal while the chip maintains a steady temperature at 37 °C by resistive heating. We conduct some preliminary experiments on E. coli and T-cell solution and compare the transmission spectra of empty channels, channels filled with aqueous media only, and channels filled with aqueous media with un-concentrated and concentrated cells.
Bodies Folded in Migrant Crypts: Dis/Ability and the Material Culture of Border-Crossing
Authors: Galis Vasilis , Tzokas Spyros , Tympas Aristotle
Published: April 2016

This article considers media narratives that suggest that hiding in trucks, buses, and other vehicles to cross borders has, in fact, been a common practice in the context of migration to, and within, Europe. We aim to problematize how the tension between the materiality of bordering practices and human migrants generates a dis/abled subject. In this context, dis/ability may be a cause or consequence of migration, both in physical/material (the folding of bodies in the crypt) and cultural/semiotic terms, and may become a barrier to accessing protection, to entering and/or crossing a country, and to performing mobility in general. Dis/ability and migration have not been associated in the literature. We adopt an analytical symmetry between humans and non-humans, in this case between bodies and crypts. By suggesting an infected, ambivalent, and hybrid approach to the human subject, the body-crypt traveling border challenges the essentialist dichotomies between technology and biology, disability and impairment. The articles and reports upon which we rely were collected through extensive searches of databases/archives of online newspapers and news websites.
Modelling of joining route segments of different curvature
Authors: Koc Władysław , Palikowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2016

The paper presents a new general method of modelling route segments curvature using differential equations. The method enables joining of route segments of different curvature. Transitional curves of linear and nonlinear curvatures have been identified in the case of joining two circular arcs by S-shaped and C-oval transitions. The obtained S-shaped curves have been compared to the cubic C-Bezier curves and to the Pythagorean hodograph quantic Bezier curve using the Lateral Change of Acceleration diagram and the dynamic model. The analysis of dynamic properties has showed an advantage of the obtained transition curve of nonlinear curvature over Bezier curves.
Decision to paving solutions in road infrastructures based on life-cycle assessment
Authors: Antunes Maria de Lurdes , Marecos Vânia , Neves José , Morgado João
Published: April 2016

The construction and maintenance of a road network involve the expenditure of large budgets. In order to optimize the investments in road infrastructures, designers and decision makers should have the instruments to make the most suitable decision of paving solutions for each particular situation. The life-cycle assessment is an important tool of different road pavement solutions with this purpose. This paper presents a study concerning the life-cycle cost analysis of different flexible and semi-rigid paving alternatives, with the objective to contribute for a better support in the decision process when designing new pavement structures. The analysis was carried out using data on construction costs of certain typical pavement structures and taking into consideration appropriate performance models for each type of structure being selected. The models were calibrated using results from long term performance studies across Europe and the maintenance strategies considered have taken into account the current practice also found in the European context. Besides the life-cycle administration costs, the proposed methodology also deals with user and environmental costs through its inclusion in the decision process using multi-criteria analysis. It was demonstrated that this methodology could be a simple and useful tool in order to achieve the most adequate paving solutions of a road network, in terms of construction and maintenance activities, based simultaneously on technical, economic and environmental criteria.
Identification of road horizontal alignment inconsistencies – a pilot study from the czech republic
Authors: Ambros Jiří , Valentová Veronika
Published: April 2016

There is a problem with inappropriate speed consequences related to horizontal alignment of Czech rural roads. Evaluation of alignment consistency, i.e. the degree to which a road is designed and constructed to avoid critical driving manoeuvres, has been known as one of promising tools in this regard. The objectives of presented pilot study were (1) to prove the practical application on historical rural road, lacking design data, using low-cost technology, (2) to investigate the relation of obtained alignment consistency measures to actual safety, and (3) to propose further steps for practical implementation, e.g. for the needs of road agency. Given these objectives and literature review findings, GPS technology was chosen for data collection, with the aim of using alignment consistency levels. Pilot rural road section was approximately 2.5 km long and consisted of 3 straight segments and 3 curves. Data processing included determination of central trajectory, determination of horizontal alignment elements and segmentation, calculation of consistency measures, and identification of inconsistencies. The results are given in terms of the consistency level of individual curves, followed by validation by the results of accident data analysis. In the end, several practical applications are listed and described.
Comparision of constant-span and influence line methods for long-span bridge load calculations
Authors: Paeglitis Ainars , Freimanis Andris
Published: April 2016

Traffic load models available in building standards are most often developed for short or medium span bridges, however, it is necessary to develop traffic load models just for long span bridges, because the most unfavourable traffic situations are different. Weigh-in-Motion system data from highway A1 and A3 were used in this study. Measurement errors from data were cleaned using two groups of filters. The first group was based on vehicle validity codes recorded by both systems, if any circumstances might have influenced the measurements, the second group cleaned data using general filters for all vehicles and specific filters for trucks and cars. Additionally, vehicles were adjusted for influence of temperature. Data cleaning increased the average gross vehicle, so it could be considered as a conservative choice. Six traffic scenarios, each with different percentage of cars in the traffic, were made to assess the difference in loads from different traffic compositions. Traffic loads for long-span bridges were calculated using two approaches: the first assuming constant span length, the second, using influence lines from a bridge currently in design stage. Gumbel distribution were fitted to the calculate loads and they were extrapolated to probability of exceedance of 5% in 50 year period. Results show that influence line approach yield larger loads than those from constant-span. Both approaches result in loads larger than ones in Eurocode 1 Load Model 1, however, increase might have been caused by an increase in vehicle weight.
Using Contextual Information for Recognising Human Behaviour
Authors: Guesgen Hans W. , Marsland Stephen
Published: April 2016

Identifying human behaviours in smart homes from sensor observations is an important research problem. The addition of contextual information about environmental circumstances and prior activities, as well as spatial and temporal data, can assist in both recognising particular behaviours and detecting abnormalities in these behaviours. In this paper, the authors describe a novel method of representing this data and discuss a wide variety of possible implementation strategies.
Virtuous Business Intelligence
Authors: McBride Neil
Published: April 2016

This paper examines three approaches to ethics and focuses on the development of character and the practice of virtue in business intelligence (BI). The paper describes BI as a tool for mediating the relationships between pairs of stakeholders such as management and customer. Three aspects of the relationship which benefit ethically from the practice of virtues are discussed: the purpose of the BI, the prejudices behind the BI and the power of the stakeholders. The connection between the ethics of BI and the corporate ethics is discussed. Without the practice of virtues, BI may be recruited to support corporate vices of exploitation, exposure, exclusion, coercion, control and concealment. The paper seeks to highlight the importance of ethical issues in BI practice and suggests the development of an ethical balanced scorecard as a vehicle for developing ethical senstitivity.
Market Sensing Capability, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Product Innovativeness Success, Speed to Market and SMEs Performance
Authors: Ardyan Elia
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this research is to determine market sensing capability, product innovation success, speed to market, and entrepreneurial orientation on SME's performance. The sample of this research are 168 SME's owner or manager in Java, Indonesia. This research uses Structural Equation Model to hypothesis test and uses AMOS 21 in analysis data. Results of the research find that Entrepreneurial orientation and product innovativeness success have positive and significant effect on SME's performance but market sensing capability and speed to market have no significant effect. Another result of this study finds that market sensing capability has significant effect on speed to market and product innovativeness success but entrepreneurial orientation has no significant effect on product innovativeness effect.
Big Data Business Intelligence in Bank Risk Analysis
Authors: Rahman Nayem , Iverson Shane
Published: April 2016

This paper provides an overview of big data technologies and best practices from the standpoint of business intelligence (BI) applications in the banking industry. The authors discussed current challenges in banking industry that could be addressed by using big data technologies. Based on their research, they provided a list of big data tools and technologies in terms of an ecosystem that are suitable for real-time data processing and capable in bank fraud detection and prevention, and other bank risk analysis. They highlighted how business intelligence could be leveraged with the help of emerging big data technologies.
Development of a Fuzzy Logic-based Model for Monitoring Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Idowu Peter Adebayo , Ajibola Sarumi Olusegun , Balogun Jeremiah Ademola , Ogunlade Oluwadare
Published: April 2016

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are top killers with heart failure as one of the most leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, the inability to consistently monitor the vital signs of patients has led to the hospitalization and untimely death of many as a result of heart failure. Fuzzy logic models have found relevance in healthcare services due to their ability to measure vagueness associated with uncertainty management in intelligent systems. This study aims to develop a fuzzy logic model for monitoring heart failure risk using risk indicators assessed from patients. Following interview with expert cardiologists, the different stages of heart failure was identified alongside their respective indicators. Triangular membership functions were used to fuzzify the input and output variables while the fuzzy inference engine was developed using rules elicited from cardiologists. The model was simulated using the MATLAB® Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.
An Automatic Video Reinforcing System for TV Programs using Semantic Metadata from Closed Captions
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Kitayama Daisuke , Kawai Yukiko , Sumiya Kazutoshi , Ishikawa Yoshiharu
Published: April 2016

There are various TV programs such as travel and educational programs. While watching TV programs, viewers often search related information about the programs through the Web. Nevertheless, as TV programs keep playing, viewers possibly miss some important scenes when searching the Web. As a result, their enjoyment would be spoiled. Another problem is that there are various topics in each scene of a video, and viewers usually have different levels of knowledge. Thus, it is important to detect topics in videos and supplement videos with related information automatically. In this paper, the authors propose a novel automatic video reinforcing system with two functions: (1) a media synchronization mechanism, which presents supplementary information synchronized with videos, in order to enable viewers to effectively understand the geographic data in videos; (2) a video reconstruction mechanism, which generates new video contents based on viewers' interests and knowledge by adding and removing scenes, in order to enable viewers to enjoy the generated videos without additional search.
Removal of 4-Nitrophenol from Water Using Ag-N-P-Tridoped TiO2by Photocatalytic Oxidation Technique Ubertas Academica
Authors: Achamo Temesgen , Yadav O. P.
Published: April 2016

Photocatalytic oxidation using semiconductor nanoparticles is an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective process for the removal of organic pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, phenols, and their derivatives in water. In the present study, nanosize Ag-N-P-tridoped titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) was prepared by using sol-gel-synthesized Ag-doped TiO2and soybean ( Glycine max) or chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) seeds as nonmetallic bioprecursors. As-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and ultra violet (UV)-visible spectroscopic techniques. Average crystallite size of the studied photocatalysts was within 39-46 nm. Whereas doped Ag in TiO2minimized the photogenerated electron-hole recombination, doped N and P extended its photoabsorption edge to visible region. Tridoping of Ag, N, and P in TiO2exhibited synergetic effect toward enhancing its photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), separately, under UV and visible irradiations. At three hours, degradations of 4-NP over Ag-N-P-tridoped TiO2under UV and visible radiations were 73.8 and 98.1%, respectively.
Unraveling the Deleterious Effects of Cancer-Driven STK11 Mutants through Conformational Sampling Approach
Authors: Lopus Merlin , Paul D. Meshach , Rajasekaran R.
Published: April 2016

Tumor suppressor gene, STK11, encodes for serine-threonine kinase, which has a critical role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis. Mutations of the same lead to the inactivation of STK11, which eventually causes different types of cancer. In this study, we focused on identifying those driver mutations through analyzing structural variations of mutants, viz., D194N, E199K, L160P, and Y49D. Native and the mutants were analyzed to determine their geometrical deviations such as root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation, radius of gyration, potential energy, and solvent-accessible surface area using conformational sampling technique. Additionally, the global minimized structure of native and mutants was further analyzed to compute their intramolecular interactions and distribution of secondary structure. Subsequently, simulated thermal denaturation and docking studies were performed to determine their structural variations, which in turn alter the formation of active complex that comprises STK11, STRAD, and MO25. The deleterious effect of the mutants would result in a comparative loss of enzyme function due to variations in their binding energy pertaining to spatial conformation and flexibility. Hence, the structural variations in binding energy exhibited by the mutants, viz., D194N, E199K, L160P, and Y49D, to that of the native, consequently lead to pathogenesis.
Isospectrality for graph Laplacians under the change of coupling at graph vertices
Authors: Ershova Yulia , Karpenko Irina I. , Kiselev Alexander V.
Published: April 2016

Laplacian operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of

\delta

and

\delta'

types. An infinite series of trace formulae is obtained which link together two different quantum graphs under the assumption that their spectra coincide. The general case of graph Schrodinger operators is also considered, yielding the first trace formula. Tightness of results obtained under no additional restrictions on edge lengths is demonstrated by an example. Further examples are scrutinized when edge lengths are assumed to be rationally independent. In all but one of these impossibility of isospectral configurations is ascertained.
A note on the resonance counting function for surfaces with cusps
Authors: Bonthonneau Yannick
Published: April 2016

We prove sharp upper bounds for the number of resonances in boxes of size 1 at high frequency for the Laplacian on finite volume surfaces with hyperbolic cusps. As a corollary, we obtain a Weyl asymptotic for the number of resonances in balls of size

T \to \infty

with remainder

O(T^{3/2})

.
Inverse boundary problems for polyharmonic operators with unbounded potentials
Authors: Krupchyk Katsiaryna , Uhlmann Gunther
Published: April 2016

We show that the knowledge of the Dirichlet–to–Neumann map on the boundary of a bounded open set in

\mathbb R^n

for the perturbed polyharmonic operator

(-\Delta)^m +q

with

q\in L^{\frac{n}{2m}}

,

n>2m

, determines the potential

q

in the set uniquely. In the course of the proof, we construct a special Green function for the polyharmonic operator and establish its mapping properties in suitable weighted

L^2

and

L^p

spaces. The

L^p

estimates for the special Green function are derived from

L^p

Carleman estimates with linear weights for the polyharmonic operator.
Evolution PDEs and augmented eigenfunctions. Half-line
Authors: Pelloni Beatrice , Smith David A.
Published: April 2016

The solution of an initial-boundary value problem for a linear evolution partial differential equation posed on the half-line can be represented in terms of an integral in the complex (spectral) plane. is representation is obtained by the
unified transform
introduced by Fokas in the 90’s. On the other hand, it is known that many initial-boundary value problems can be solved via a classical transform pair, constructed via the spectral analysis of the associated spatial operator. For example, the Dirichlet problem for the heat equation can be solved by applying the Fourier sine transform pair. However, for many other initial-boundary value problems there is
no
suitable transform pair in the classical literature. Here we pose and answer two related questions: given any well-posed initial-boundary value problem, does there exist a (non-classical) transform pair suitable for solving that problem? If so, can this transform pair be constructed via the spectral analysis of a differential operator? The answer to both of these questions is positive and given in terms of
augmented eigenfunctions
, a novel class of spectral functionals. ese are eigenfunctions of a suitable dierential operator in a certain generalised sense, they provide an eective spectral representation of the operator, and are associated with a transform pair suitable to solve the given initial-boundary value problem.
Loss of Financial Management Independence After Brain Injury: Survivors’ Experiences
Authors: Koller Kathryn , Woods Lindsay , Engel Lisa , Bottari Carolina , Dawson Deirdre R. , Nalder Emily
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE. This pilot study explored the experiences of brain injury survivors after a change in financial management (FM) independence.

METHOD. Using a qualitative descriptive design, 6 participants with acquired brain injury were recruited from a community brain injury organization and participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS. Three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) trajectory of FM change, involving family members as key change agents; (2) current FM situation, involving FM strategies such as automatic deposits and restricted budgets; and (3) the struggle for control, in which survivors desired control while also accepting supports for FM.

CONCLUSION. This study identifies some of the challenges brain injury survivors face in managing their finances and the adjustment associated with a loss of FM independence. Occupational therapists should be aware of clients’ experiences when supporting them through a change in independence.
Effectiveness of Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice to Improve Motor Function of People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chang Pei-Fen J. , Baxter Mary Frances , Rissky Jenna
Published: April 2016

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), many people experience significant motor function impairments. To help occupational therapy practitioners make informed decisions in choosing treatment strategies to improve clients’ motor function, we undertook a systematic review and synthesized applicable findings of intervention studies. Of 2,306 articles identified in the literature search, we reviewed 47 full-text articles, of which 16 met approved criteria. We found moderate evidence that various exercise programs increase motor function and limited evidence that people with TBI can benefit from rehabilitation and computer-based programs. We offer implications for practice, education, and research.
Effectiveness of Sensory Stimulation to Improve Arousal and Alertness of People in a Coma or Persistent Vegetative State After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Padilla René , Domina Anna
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of sensory stimulation to improve arousal and alertness of people in a coma or persistent vegetative state after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHOD. Databases searched included Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search was limited to outcomes studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2013.

RESULTS. Included studies provide strong evidence that multimodal sensory stimulation improves arousal and enhances clinical outcomes for people in a coma or persistent vegetative state after TBI. Moderate evidence was also provided for auditory stimulation, limited evidence was provided for complex stimuli, and insufficient evidence was provided for median nerve stimulation.

CONCLUSION. Interventions should be tailored to client tolerance and premorbid preferences. Bimodal or multimodal stimulation should begin early, be frequent, and be sustained until more complex activity is possible.
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Preissner Katharine , Arbesman Marian , Lieberman Deborah
Published: April 2016

This Evidence Connection describes a case report of a woman with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS), applying the evidence for intervention from the systematic reviews on MS that were conducted in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s (AOTA’s) Evidence-Based Practice Project. The occupational therapy assessment and treatment processes for an inpatient rehabilitation setting are described. Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the AOTA’s Evidence-Based Practice Project.
Special Issue on Occupational Therapy for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Powell Janet M.
Published: April 2016

Awareness of the incidence and consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased in recent years, along with interest in knowing how best to treat this complex condition. This editorial provides an overview of the various factors that contribute to the complexity of TBI and introduces the six systematic reviews and one qualitative study included in this special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy focusing on interventions for TBI from an occupational therapy perspective. Issues with the generation and interpretation of research evidence are discussed, along with the importance of valuing clinician expertise and client perspectives along with research findings in implementing evidence-based and evidence-informed practice.
Coming to Terms With the IMPACT Act of 2014
Authors: DeJong Gerben
Published: April 2016

The Improving Medicare Post-Acute Transformation (IMPACT) Act of 2014 will set the course for much of postacute care well into the next decade. It (1) authorizes a uniform method of patient assessment in postacute care; (2) sets a timetable for developing, implementing, and reporting quality measures; and (3) lays the groundwork for future payment reform in postacute care. This article places the IMPACT Act into the larger arc of health care reform and change. It summarizes the law’s key provisions and presents a contrarian analysis of this much-heralded bipartisan legislation. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 already gives the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services the authority to implement what the IMPACT Act requires. The IMPACT Act may even slow down the changes envisioned in the ACA. The article concludes by noting the implications for occupational therapy both as a practice and a profession.
Improvement of OMI ozone profile retrievals by simultaneously fitting Polar Mesospheric Clouds
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Kim Jae H. , Deland Matthew T. , Chance Kelly
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The presence of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) in summer high latitudes could affect the retrieval of ozone profiles using backscattered ultraviolet (UV) measurements. PMC-induced errors in ozone profile retrievals from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) backscattered UV measurements are investigated through comparisons with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone measurements. This comparison demonstrates that the presence of PMCs leads to systematic biases at pressures less than 6 hPa (~35 km); the biases increase from ~−2 % at 2 hPa to ~−20 % at 0.5 hPa on average, and are significantly correlated with brightness of PMCs. Sensitivity studies show that the radiance sensitivity to PMCs strongly depends on wavelength, increasing by a factor of ~4 from 300 nm to 265 nm. It also strongly depends on the PMC scattering, thus depending on viewing geometry. The optimal estimation-based retrieval sensitivity analysis shows that PMCs located at 80–85 km have the greatest effect on ozone retrievals at ~0.2 hPa (~60 km), where the retrieval errors range from −2.5 % with PMC optical depth (POD) of 10−4 to −20 % with 10−3 at back scattering angles, and the impacts increase by a factor of ~5 at forward scattering angles due to stronger PMC sensitivities. To reduce the interference of PMCs on ozone retrievals, we perform simultaneous retrievals of POD and ozone with a loose constraint of 10−3 for POD, which results in retrieval errors of 1–4×10−4. It is demonstrated that the negative bias of OMI ozone retrievals relative to MLS can be improved by including the PMC in the forward model calculation and retrieval.
Characterization of the mass-dependent transmission efficiency of a CIMS
Authors: Heinritzi Martin , Simon Mario , Steiner Gerhard , Wagner Andrea C. , Kürten Andreas , Hansel Armin , Curtius Joachim
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Knowledge about mass discrimination effects in a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) is crucial for quantifying, e.g., the recently discovered extremely low volatile organic compounds (ELVOCs) and other compounds for which no calibration standard exists so far. Here, we present a simple way of estimating mass discrimination effects of a nitrate-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. Characterization of the mass discrimination is achieved by adding different perfluorinated acids to the mass spectrometer in amounts sufficient to deplete the primary ions significantly. The relative transmission efficiency can then be determined by comparing the decrease of signals from the primary ions and the increase of signals from the perfluorinated acids at higher masses. This method is in use already for PTR-MS; however, its application to a CI-APi-TOF brings additional difficulties, namely clustering and fragmentation of the measured compounds, which can be treated with statistical analysis of the measured data, leading to self-consistent results. We also compare this method to a transmission estimation obtained with a setup using an electrospray ion source, a high-resolution differential mobility analyzer and an electrometer, which estimates the transmission of the instrument without the CI source. Both methods give different transmission curves, indicating non-negligible mass discrimination effects of the CI source. The absolute transmission of the instrument without the CI source was estimated with the HR-DMA method to plateau between the m∕z range of 127 and 568 Th at around 1.5 %; however, for the CI source included, the depletion method showed a steady increase in relative transmission efficiency from the m∕z range of the primary ion (mainly at 62 Th) to around 550 Th by a factor of around 5. The main advantages of the depletion method are that the instrument is used in the same operation mode as during standard measurements and no knowledge of the absolute amount of the measured substance is necessary, which results in a simple setup.
A fast SWIR imager for observations of transient features in OH airglow
Authors: Hannawald Patrick , Schmidt Carsten , Wüst Sabine , Bittner Michael
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Since December 2013 the new imaging system FAIM (Fast Airglow IMager) for the study of smaller-scale features (both in space and time) is in routine operation at the NDMC (Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change) station at DLR (German Aerospace Center) in Oberpfaffenhofen (48.1° N, 11.3° E).Covering the brightest OH vibrational bands between 1 and 1.7 µm, this imaging system can acquire two frames per second. The field of view is approximately 55 km times 60 km at the mesopause heights. A mean spatial resolution of 200 m at a zenith angle of 45° and up to 120 m for zenith conditions are achieved. The observations show a large variety of atmospheric waves.This paper introduces the instrument and compares the FAIM data with spectrally resolved GRIPS (GRound-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer) data. In addition, a case study of a breaking gravity wave event, which we assume to be associated with Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, is discussed.
A moist aquaplanet variant of the Held–Suarez test for atmospheric model dynamical cores
Authors: Thatcher Diana R. , Jablonowski Christiane
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A moist idealized test case (MITC) for atmospheric model dynamical cores is presented. The MITC is based on the Held–Suarez (HS) test that was developed for dry simulations on “a flat Earth” and replaces the full physical parameterization package with a Newtonian temperature relaxation and Rayleigh damping of the low-level winds. This new variant of the HS test includes moisture and thereby sheds light on the nonlinear dynamics–physics moisture feedbacks without the complexity of full-physics parameterization packages. In particular, it adds simplified moist processes to the HS forcing to model large-scale condensation, boundary-layer mixing, and the exchange of latent and sensible heat between the atmospheric surface and an ocean-covered planet. Using a variety of dynamical cores of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), this paper demonstrates that the inclusion of the moist idealized physics package leads to climatic states that closely resemble aquaplanet simulations with complex physical parameterizations. This establishes that the MITC approach generates reasonable atmospheric circulations and can be used for a broad range of scientific investigations. This paper provides examples of two application areas. First, the test case reveals the characteristics of the physics–dynamics coupling technique and reproduces coupling issues seen in full-physics simulations. In particular, it is shown that sudden adjustments of the prognostic fields due to moist physics tendencies can trigger undesirable large-scale gravity waves, which can be remedied by a more gradual application of the physical forcing. Second, the moist idealized test case can be used to intercompare dynamical cores. These examples demonstrate the versatility of the MITC approach and suggestions are made for further application areas. The new moist variant of the HS test can be considered a test case of intermediate complexity.
Tectonothermal evolution in the core of an arcuate fold and thrust belt: the southeastern sector of the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan belt, NW Spain)
Authors: Valín M. L. , García-López S. , Brime C. , Bastida F. , Aller J.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Abstract. The tectonothermal evolution of an area located in the core of the Ibero-Armorican arc (Variscan belt) has been determined by using the conodont color alteration index (CAI), Kübler index of illite (KI), the Árkai index of chlorite (AI), and the analysis of clay minerals and rock cleavage. The area is part of the Cantabrian Zone (CZ), which represents the foreland fold and thrust belt of the orogen. It has been thrust by several large units of the CZ, what resulted in the generation of a large amount of synorogenic Carboniferous sediments. CAI, KI and AI values show an irregular distribution of metamorphic grade, independent of stratigraphic position. Two tectonothermal events have been distinguished in the area. The first one, poorly defined, is mainly located in the northern part. It gave rise to very low-grade metamorphism in some areas and it was associated with a deformation event that resulted in the emplacement of the last large thrust unit and development of upright folds and associated cleavage (S1).The second tectonothermal event gave rise to low-grade metamorphism and cleavage (S2) crosscutting earlier upright folds in the central, western and southern parts of the study area. The event continued with the intrusion of small igneous rock bodies, which gave rise to contact metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. The second event was linked to an extensional episode due to a gravitational instability at the end of the Variscan deformation. This tectonothermal evolution occurred during the Gzhelian-Sakmarian. Subsequently, several hydrothermal episodes took place, in association with local development of crenulation cleavage during the Alpine deformation.
The fence experiment – full-scale lidar-based shelter observations
Authors: Peña Alfredo , Bechmann Andreas , Conti Davide , Angelou Nikolas
Published: April 2016

Abstract. We present shelter measurements of a fence from a field experiment in Denmark. The measurements were performed with three lidars scanning on a vertical plane downwind of the fence. Inflow conditions are based on sonic observations of a nearby mast. For fence-undisturbed conditions, the lidars' measurements agree well with those from the sonics and, at the mast position, the average inflow conditions are well described by the logarithmic profile. Seven cases are defined based on the relative wind direction to the fence, the fence porosity, and the inflow conditions. The larger the relative direction, the lower is the shelter. For the case with the largest relative directions, no shelter is observed in the far wake (distances ⪆ 6 fence heights downwind of the fence). When comparing a near-neutral to a stable case, a stronger shelter effect is noticed. The shelter is highest below ≈ 1.46 fence heights and can sometimes be observed at all downwind positions (up to 11 fence heights). Below the fence height, the porous fence has a lower impact on the flow close to the fence compared to the solid fence. Velocity profiles in the far wake converge onto each other using the self-preserving forms from two-dimensional wake analysis.
Nepakaltinamų asmenų pakartotinio nusikalstamumo ir įgalinimo sąsajos
Authors: Navickienė Jolanta , Liausėdas Algimantas , Vaitiekus Edmundas
Published: April 2016

Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais vykdoma daug tyrimų, kuriuose nagrinėjama nusikalstamos veikos priežastys, rizikos veiksniai, lemiantys pasikartojantį nusikalstamumą. Pakartotinis nusikalstamumas – nuolatinė tendencija pakartotinai nusikalsti, elgtis asocialiai. Veiksniai, turintys įtakos pakartotiniam nusikalstamam elgesiui, yra žemas išsilavinimo lygis, bazinių įgūdžių neturėjimas, užimtumo darbo rinkoje problemos, nuolatinės gyvenamosios vietos neturėjimas, narkotikų ir alkoholio vartojimas, psichinės sveikatos sutrikimai, silpni socialiniai ryšiai. Esminis šių veiksnių pakartotinius nusikaltimus skatinantis vaidmuo patvirtintas įvairiose šalyse atliktų tyrimų rezultatais. Dėl to yra pagrindas manyti, kad šie veiksniai universalūs. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti nepakaltinamų asmenų pakartotiniam nusikalstamumui įtakos turinčius rizikos veiksnius bei šių asmenų pakartotinio nusikalstamumo sąsajas su įgalinimu. Taikyti tyrimo metodai – mokslinės literatūros bei Rokiškio psichiatrijos ligoninės pacientų dokumentų analizė. Tyrimas parodė rizikos veiksnių įtaką tiriamųjų nusikalstamumui bei menkas tiriamųjų įgalinimo išorines sąlygas. Rizikos veiksniai, skatinantys nepakaltinamų asmenų pakartotinį nusikalstamumą, susiję su šių asmenų įgalinimu – pasirinkimų didinimu bei galimybėmis paveikti savo gyvenimą.
Endogeninių depresijų psichopatologija ir klinika
Authors: Šiurkutė Aldona , Karnickas Marius , Ulevičiūtė-Šigajevienė Eglė , Lengvenienė Jūratė , Mačiulis Valentinas
Published: April 2016

Dėl nuotaikos sutrikimų psichopatologijos įvairovės egzistuoja įvairių sindromų klasifikacijų, požiūrių skirtumų, vyksta nuolatinis mokslinis pasiūlymų, pastabų įvertinimas ir psichikos sutrikimų diagnostikos korekcija. Atsiranda naujų, nors ir seniai žinomų, sąvokų, kaip antai subklinikiniai, subsindrominiai simptomai, mišrūs afektiniai sutrikimai. Depresinis sutrikimas yra dažna patologija, su kuria susiduria įvairių specialybių gydytojai. Depresinė simptomatika chameleoniškai gali imituoti įvairias somatines ligas ir pavojingai ilgai gali būti neatpažinta. Klinikinėje praktikoje būna nevienareikšmis depresinės psichopatologijos vertinimas, atiduodant prioritetą pragmatizmui. Visgi prieš adekvačiai paskiriant gydymą klinicistams svarbu įvertinti depresijos psichopatologijos išraišką, kliniką, eigą. Mes ištyrėme stacionare gydytus 124 pacientus, sergančius pasikartojančiu depresiniu sutrikimu, išanalizavome įvairius depresijų psichopatologinius ypatumus, nustatėme jų ryšį su ligos eiga ir prognoze.
Teismo psichiatrijos pacientų sociodemografinių ir klinikinių veiksnių bei nusikalstamo elgesio sąsajos
Authors: Šileikaitė Aldona , Germanavičius Arūnas , Čėsnienė Ilona
Published: April 2016

Lyginant su Vakarų šalimis Lietuvoje vis dar stokojama teismo psichiatrijos pacientų epidemiologinų studijų. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami Rokiškio psichiatrijos ligoninėje 325 priverstinai gydomų pacientų sociodemografiniai bei klinikiniai veiksniai, kurie gali būti siejami su šių pacientų nusikalstama veika. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad didžiąją dalį teismo psichiatrijos ligoninėje gydomų pacientų sudaro sergantieji psichoziniais (69,5 proc.) ir intelekto (12,3 proc.) sutrikimais. Taip pat nustatyta, kad tirtoje imtyje gana paplitusi priklausomybė nuo psichoaktyvių medžiagų (41,2 proc.), o daugumai asmenų priverstinis gydymas skirtas dėl atliktų smurtinių nusikalstamų veikų. Remiantis atliktos dvinarės logistinės regresijos analizės duomenimis, galima teigti, kad teismo psichiatrijos pacientų vyresnis amžius ir intoksikacija įvykio metu yra statistiškai reikšmingi veiksniai, prognozuojantys smurtinio elgesio riziką. Reikalingi tolimesni moksliniai tyrimai, kad būtų gauti specifiniai duomenys apie įvairius nusikalstamo elgesio rizikos faktorius Lietuvos teismo psichiatrijos populiacijoje. Rizikos vertinimo instrumentų patikimumas taip pat yra ateities tyrimų objektas.
Savižudybių mediciniški ir visuomeniški aspektai Lietuvoje XX amžiaus pirmojoje pusėje
Authors: Navickas Alvydas , Smirinenko Audronė , Navickas Petras , Lukavičiūtė Laura , Dembinskas Algirdas , Gurevičius Romualdas , Aliukonienė Rita , Benošis Alvydas , Badaras Robertas , Daškevičius Konstantinas , Daškevičienė Jelena
Published: April 2016

Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti savižudybinio elgesio paplitimo ir prevencijos ypatumus XX amžiaus pirmoje pusėje. Tyrimo metodai ir objektas. Taikytas analitinis tyrinėjimų metodas remiantis mokslinių darbų paieška, kritine straipsnių analize ir pateiktos interpretacijos. Pagrindinis tyrimo objektas buvo moksliniai straipsniai, paskelbti Lietuvos mokslo leidiniuose XX a. pirmoje pusėje. Tyrimo rezultatai ir išvados. Atlikus temos apie savižudybes paiešką Lietuvos mokslo žurnaluose buvo rastos 9 publikacijos: du straipsniai apie originalius mokslinius savižudybių tyrimus, du straipsniai apie atliktą praktinį darbą, keturi apžvalginiai ir informaciniai straipsniai, viename pateiktas teorinis savižudybių rizikos faktoriaus aptarimas. Straipsnius apie savižudybę skelbė įvairių profesijų mokslininkai: keturi psichiatrai, du patologoanatomai ir teismo medikai, po vieną straipsnį vidaus ligų gydytojas, chirurgas ir teisininkas. Nusižudymų skaičius Lietuvoje XX amžiaus pirmoje pusėje buvo vienas mažiausių Europoje, pvz., 1929 m.: Lietuvoje – 9 /100 000 gyv., Austrijoje – 39,9, Vokietijoje – 33,2, Vengrijoje – 29,0, Šveicarijoje – 26,1, Japonijoje – 24,5, Prancūzijoje – 24,5, Danijoje – 24,5, Didžiojoje Britanijoje – 17,6, Švedija – 15,0, Italijoje – 9,5. Populiariausias savižudybės metodas buvo nusinuodijimas – 41,0% (daugiausia actu), pasikardavo – 19,6%. Taigi mechaniškos savižudybės priemonės buvo mažiau populiarios. Tarp mėginančių nusižudyti tris kartus daugiau buvo moterų. Daugiausia mėgino žudytis 20–29 metų amžiaus – 56%. Vienas iš siūlomų prevencijos būdų buvo toks: actas turi būti pardavinėjamas ūkio reikalams ne koncentruoto pavidalo, bet skiedinys, ne stipresnis kaip 30%; kitas – sustiprinti jaunimo charakterį gyvenimo kovai, t. y. svarbus mokyklos ir bažnyčios vaidmuo; trečias – kiekviename mieste įsteigti savižudybių prevencijos biurus ir kt. Pateikta įvairi informacija apie epidemiologinius, klinikinius, visuomeninius, prevencinius ypatumus, būdingus to meto ne tik Lietuvai, bet ir visai Europai. Galima patikimai teigti, kad Lietuvoje savižudybinis elgesys buvo mažiau paplitęs negu daugelyje pasaulio šalių. Žemas savižudybių rodiklis rodo, kad lietuviai neturėtų būti genetiškai nulemta savižudybiniam elgesiui tauta.
Personality Traits And Social Competence Of The Offenders Against Children
Authors: Majchrzyk Zdzisław , Grzywińska-Aleksandrowicz Karolina
Published: April 2016

The aim of the present study aims to find out whether preferential child molesters differ from situational child molesters in terms of the level of the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem and social competence, as well as relations between them. The group of preferential molesters consisted of 55 men convicted of sexual offences against children and diagnosed with pedophilia. The group of situational molesters consisted of 50 convicts without such a diagnosis. NEO-Five-Factor Inventory, Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI) and Social Competence Questionnaire (KKS) were used in the study. Significant differences between the groups were found in the dimension of agreeableness, selfassessment in terms of likability and moral selfacceptance, the general level of social competence and the competence that determines effective behaviour in intimate situations. The preferential offenders scored lower on all scales. Extraversion turned out to be the best predictor of social competence in both groups. In conclusion it turned out that except for several traits, preferential offenders do not differ significantly from one another. Such knowledge can be used in dealing with the perpetrators - both with regard to criminal offences, as well as therapeutic interactions.