bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of Lamb wave localisation in thin plates using a passive co-linear phased array
Authors: Pollock Luke , Wild Graham
Published: February 2024

Lamb waves have become increasingly popular in the field of aerospace vehicle non-destructive testing and evaluation as well as structural health monitoring. These guided waves possess the ability to travel long distances and exhibit a notable inclination to interact with existing damage. This work has numerically explored for the first time the use of a passive co-linear phased array to localise emission sources over a wide range of variables. Three localisation methods are explored, namely, reverse beamforming, wavefront curvature ranging, and hyperbolic lateration in a direction comparison without modelling transducers. It was shown that both reverse beamforming and wavefront curvature ranging could localise an emission with < 1% error in both range and bearing, while hyperbolic lateration was significantly worse. A relationship between bearing error and bearing was demonstrated, presenting the ability to develop new methods with correction factors that can localise emissions with even greater accuracy.
Modulating Entanglement Dynamics of Two V-type Atoms in Dissipative Cavity by Detuning, Weak Measurement and Reversal
Authors: Li Fuhua , Wang Jia , Zou Hong-Mei , Pan Qiying , Liu Chenya , Qu Zhuang
Published: February 2024

In this paper, how to modulate entanglement dynamics of two V-type atoms in dissipative cavity by detuning, weak measurement and weak measurement reversal is studied. The analytical solution of this model is obtained by solving Schrodinger Equation after diagonalizing Hamiltonian of dissipative cavity. It is discussed in detail how the entanglement dynamics is in uenced by cavityenvironment coupling, spontaneously generated interference (SGI) parameter, detuning between cavity with environment and weak measurement reversal. The results show that the entanglement dynamics of different initial states obviously depends on coupling, SGI parameter, detuning and reversing measurement strength. The stronger coupling, the smaller SGI parameter, the larger detuning and the bigger reversing measurement strength can all not only protect but also generate the entanglement, and the detuning is more effectively in tne strong coupling regime than the weak measurement reversal, which is more effectively than the SGI parameter. We also give corresponding physical interpretations.
PACS numbers: 03.65.Yz, 03.67.Lx, 42.50.-p, 42.50.Pq.
Diversity of Complex Organic Matter in Carbonaceous Chondrites, IDPs, and UCAMMs
Authors: De Gregorio Bradley T. , Engrand Cécile
Published: February 2024

Complex organic matter is present in many extraterrestrial materials such as chondrite meteorites, micrometeorites, and interplanetary dust. The observed complexity of this organic matter is due to the combination of diversity of primitive organic materials that accreted onto asteroids and the subsequent effect of hydrothermal and/or metamorphic alteration that took place after accretion. These processes resulted in a variety of carbonaceous grain morphologies, elemental abundances, and organic functional group compositions. Some carbonaceous dust grains and micrometeorites have cometary origins and provide insights into the unique processing histories on those outer Solar System bodies. Isotopic analyses can help distinguish carbonaceous grains that retain their pre-accretion heritage, while advanced microscopy techniques reveal the interplay of complex organic matter with surrounding mineral.
Analytical Techniques for Identification and Characterization of Extraterrestrial Organic Matter
Authors: Kebukawa Yoko , Yesiltas Mehmet , Glotch Timothy D.
Published: February 2024

Advances in analytical techniques are essential for understanding the nature, formation, and evolutionary history of extraterrestrial organic matter. In this chapter, we briefly review analytical techniques used to detect and characterize organic matter in extraterrestrial materials. Mass spectrometry is often coupled with gas chromatography or liquid chromatography for elemental and isotopic analysis, and for identifying specific organic compounds. Spectroscopy involves interaction of molecules with electromagnetic radiation at various wavelengths. Almost every wavelength—from X-rays to radio waves—can be used for spectroscopic measurements. The most major microscopic and nanoscopic techniques are scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy. Spectroscopy and mass spectrometry can also be coupled with microscopic analysis for detailed compositional investigations.
Uncovering the Influence of Marketing Strategies on Menstrual Health Management During Covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Widjojo Rosita , Manurung Siska Purnama , Aslamiah Ayu Hidayah , Jolie Angelica
Published: February 2024

The study examines the influence of marketing strategies on menstrual health management (MHM) among Indonesian women during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research used a mixed-method approach, including quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group discussions. Using a sample size of 1,516 respondents, the quantitative findings indicate that marketing strategies did not affect the use of disposable sanitary pads or MHM preferences before the pandemic. However, after Covid-19, marketing strategies of disposable sanitary products had a significant impact on MHM preferences. Qualitative findings revealed that product, price, and promotion are important aspects of marketing strategies that influence MHM during the pandemic. Due to increased time spent at home and internet usage, women have greater access to information about MHM. The study also found a rising awareness of reusable menstrual products, hygiene, and environmental concerns. Thus, the study recommends that menstrual product brands focus on product innovation and social media promo­tional activities to meet the changing needs of Indonesian women during and after the pandemic.
Sustainability Management
Authors: Sarker Sadrul Islam
Published: February 2024

[Gutterman, A. S. (2020). Managing Sustainability. New York and Lon­don: Routledge, 192 pp. ISBN 9780367518547 (Paperback).]
Tetracycline removal using NaIO4 activated by MnSO4: Design and optimization via response surface methodology
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Gao Yanjiao , Song Tiehong , Ye Jian , Zhao Lihong , Su Rui
Published: February 2024

The appearance of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as antibiotics in water bodies has gained a lot of attention owing to their adverse effects on organisms and humans. The current study aims to develop a novel approach to eliminate antibiotic tetracycline (TC) from a synthetic aqueous solution based on the advanced oxidation process triggered by MnSO4-catalyzed NaIO4. A single-factor experiment was performed to observe the impact of pH, NaIO4 concentration, and MnSO4 dosage on TC decomposition, and a three-factor, three-level response surface experiment with TC removal rate as the dependent variable was designed based on the range of factors determined from the single-factor experiment. The single-factor experiment revealed that the ranges of pH, NaIO4 concentration, and MnSO4 dosage need to be further optimized. ANOVA (analysis of variance) results showed that the data from the response surface experiment were consistent with the quadratic model with high R2 (0.9909), and the predicted values were very close to the actual values. After optimization by response surface methodology, the optimal condition obtained was pH = 6.7, [NaIO4] = 0.39 mM, and [MnSO4] = 0.12 mM, corresponding to a TC removal of 96.56%. This optimization condition was fully considered to save the dosage of the high-priced chemical NaIO4.
Structural-based Study to Identify the Repurposed Candidates
Against Bacterial Infections
Authors: Dey Debanjan , Kumar Anoop
Published: February 2024

Background:::

Microbial infections are mostly caused by Gram-positive as
well as Gram-negative bacteria affecting millions of people worldwide. There is an urgent
need to explore existing molecules or discover new chemical entities (NCEs)
against bacterial infection.

Objective::

The main objective of the current investigation is to explore recently US-FDA-
approved drugs (2019-2023) against various targets of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria using high-performance computational studies.

Aim::

The current study aims to find out the potential drugs of recently US-FDA-approved
drugs as repurposing candidates against bacterial infections.

Methods::

The targets of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were identified using
literature studies whereas ligands were selected from the FDA-approved drug lists of
the last 5 years. Further, the drugs and targets were prepared through the LigPrep and
Protein Preparation Wizard modules of Schrödinger (release 2023-1) respectively. The
GlideDock and Desmond modules of Schrödinger were used for the molecular docking
study and molecular dynamics simulation respectively.

Results::

A total of 202 drugs were found in the FDA lists which were approved in the
last five years. Out of them, 77 drugs were selected for docking study based on their
properties. A total of 21 drugs have shown energetically favored binding conformation
of drugs in the active site of bacterial targets. The interaction of these drugs was studied
in detail using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The MD simulation results have
shown stable dynamic conformation of triclabendazole (anti-helminthic) with topoisomerase
II of gram-negative bacteria whereas solriamfetol (for obstructive sleep apnea)
has shown stable dynamic conformation in the active site of restriction endonuclease of
gram-positive bacteria.

Conclusion::

The identified drugs can be repurposed against Gram-positive and Gramnegative
bacterial infections. However, further experimental studies are required to confirm
their antibacterial potential.
Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products-Dependent Alzheimer’s Disease-
Like Alternation in the Microtubule System
Authors: Ooi Hayahide , Koriyama Yoshiki
Published: February 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However,
the detailed mechanism underlying T2DM-related AD remains unknown. In DM, many types
of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed and accumulated. In our previous study,
we demonstrated that Glyceraldehyde (GA)-derived toxic Advanced Glycation End products (toxic
AGEs, TAGE) strongly showed cytotoxicity against neurons and induced similar alterations to
those observed in AD. Further, GA induced dysfunctional neurite outgrowth via TAGE-β-tubulin
aggregation, which resulted in the TAGE-dependent abnormal aggregation of β-tubulin and tau
phosphorylation. Herein, we provide a perspective on the possibility that T2DM increases the
probability of AD onset and accelerates its progression.
Timely Constructed and Enhanced Lining for Managing Extensive Deformations of Tunnel in Coal Stratum: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Yiming , Mansor Hazrina , David Thevaneyan Krishta
Published: February 2024

Background

The Sanlian Tunnel case study exemplifies that even after implementing the initial support within the coal stratum, the surrounding rocks exhibited ongoing deformation devoid of stabilization indications. Addressing this issue calls for innovative control technologies that mitigate extensive deformations and redefine safe and sustainable coal stratum tunnel construction.

Methods

The field experiment was adopted to select the appropriate technical measures to control extensive deformations. Three experiment schemes were developed and applied to the construction. Scheme One was the enhanced initial support structure, and Scheme Two was the combined use of enhanced initial support structure, lengthened sidewall anchor rods and added steel pipe piles. Scheme Three was the “timely constructed and enhanced lining structure” proposed on the basis of Scheme Two, and the secondary lining was applied if the horizontal displacement exceeded 450mm. Then, field observations of displacements and stresses were implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of different experimental schemes in controlling extensive deformations.

Results

Scheme One and Two cannot control extensive deformations effectively, as the displacement of the initial support continued to increase with no sign of stabilization. Regarding Scheme Three, structural deformation progressively attained a state of stability around 80 days subsequent to the secondary lining construction. Additionally, the stress within the support structure remains stable below the permissible threshold, affirming the secure condition.

Conclusion

Emanating from the field monitoring results, it is evident that the suggested “timely constructed and enhanced lining structure” scheme control technology holds substantial promise for practical implementation in engineering scenarios.
The Comparative Study on the Mental Index and Panoramic Mandibular Index in Thai Osteoporotic, Osteopenic, and Non-osteoporotic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Talungchit Sineepat , Techapichetvanich Kusol , Rungsiyanont Sorasun
Published: February 2024

Background

Osteoporosis is one of the clinical problems in the elderly. Many previous studies focused on the index obtained from dental radiography as an adjunctive tool, which is considered beneficial for the screening of osteoporosis.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the Mental Index (MI) and Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) acquired from panoramic radiographs in osteoporotic, osteopenic, and non-osteoporotic patients.

Methods

This research was approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research, Srinakharinwirot University (certification number SWUEC-061/2562E). This study compared 150 osteoporotic patients undergoing treatment at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center with age-sex matched to 150 non-osteoporotic patients undergoing dental treatment at the Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, using digital panoramic radiographs. MI and PMI were collected and analyzed using an independent T-test and Pearson correlation.

Results

The mean age of the 300 participants in the study was 57.82±12.25 years, while the mean age of the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients was 57.95±12.30 years and 57.69±12.19 years, respectively. The mean MI for osteoporotic patients and non-osteoporotic patients was 0.314±0.088 cm and 0.3840±0.073 cm, respectively. Similarly, the mean PMI for osteoporotic patients and non-osteoporotic patients was 0.302±0.092 and 0.342±0.064, respectively. A significant difference in MI and PMI was observed between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients (p=0.00).

Conclusion

Osteoporosis has a statistically significant effect on MI and PMI (p<0.05).
The Impact of Recasting on the Bond Strength of Metal Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Elbishari Haitham , Nakhal Majdolin , Aljanahi May , Alsabeeha Nabeel
Published: February 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of recasting of Nickel Chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy on the bond strength of metal-ceramic restoration.

Materials and Methods

Forty-five samples fabricated from one Ni-Cr alloy were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 100% fresh alloy; Group 2 consisted of 50% fresh alloy mixed with 50% alloy taken from sprue and button remnants of group 1 and group 3 consisted of 50% new alloy mixed with 50% alloy taken from sprue and button remnants of group 2. All samples were then bonded to a ceramic material. The bond strength of the Metal-Ceramic was then assessed using a 3-point bending test. The failure mode was investigated under a stereomicroscope and confirmed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

Group 1 (100% fresh alloy) showed the highest bond strength amongst the other groups, while the lowest was recorded for group 3 (50% fresh alloy with 50% cast twice alloy). According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the bond strength of fresh alloy and the group casted once attained the required level.

Conclusion

The outcome of this study indicates that the use of 100% fresh Ni-Cr base metal alloy yields the highest bond strength of metal ceramic restoration.
Predicting Commitment of Married Women based on Emotional Intimacy, Cognitive Flexibility, and Irrational Beliefs of Infertile Couples in Arak City in the 2021:A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Ebrahimi Sara , Fouladvand Mohammad , Moslemi Azam , Najdi Nazila
Published: February 2024

Aim

The present study aims to predict the commitment of infertile married women based on some cognitive and emotional variables.

Background

Marriage is the most important contract in every person's life. A marriage consists of several elements, such as commitment, marital satisfaction, and communication. In infertile couples, the values of their marriage and how much they want to maintain may be at risk.

Objectives

The present study wants to predict the commitment of infertile women based on emotional intimacy, cognitive flexibility, and irrational beliefs of infertile couples in Arak City in 2021.

Methods

The current research was conducted using a cross-sectional correlation method. Finally, 100 participants filled out the questionnaires. Convenience sampling was performed at Royan Infertility Clinic. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson and Chi-square tests.

Results

The results of the main outcome showed that higher levels of intimacy between couples lead to higher levels of commitment in married life (r=0.25, p=0.012). There is also an inverse relationship between couples' commitment and irrational beliefs in infertile couples, according to which more irrational beliefs lead to less commitment. However, there was no relationship between the commitment of infertile couples and psychological flexibility.

Conclusion

The marital commitment of infertile couples can be strengthened by increasing their intimacy and reducing their irrational beliefs.
Evaluating the Effect of Underlying Pulmonary Disease on the Clinical Outcome and survival among Patients with COVID-19: Using Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Safari Malihe , Ghadamgahi Fatemeh , Faradmal Javad , Bashirian Saeid , Soltanian Ali Reza , Khazaei Salman , Roshanaei Ghodratollah
Published: February 2024

Background

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a life-threatening factor throughout the world. Having an underlying disease among the patients with this disease diminishes the clinical effectiveness and increases their mortality rate. Hence, the study was carried out to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with and without pulmonary disease using propensity score matching.

Methods

This case-control study was conducted on 299 COVID-19 patients with pulmonary disease (case group) and 299 COVID-19 patients without pulmonary diseases (control group). Matching the patients in the case and control groups was done using propensity score matching. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of factors on the patient's clinical outcome (recovery-death), and the Cox model was used to determine the factors affecting patient survival. Data were analyzed in R software.

Results

The mean (SD) of the patients' age in the case and control groups was 65.49 (15.55) and 65.67 (15.55), respectively. The results of the logistic regression model showed that age, pulmonary disease, nausea, and blood oxygen affect patient death. The results of the Cox proportional-hazards model indicated that the variables of age, blood oxygen, and pulmonary had a significant effect on patient survival.

Conclusion

Given the high mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 and chronic pulmonary disease, these patients are considered a high-risk group and need special care.
Under-five Mortality: Comparative Study of Kenya and other three East-african Developing Countries
Authors: Dlamini Welcome J. , Melesse Sileshi F. , Mwambi Henry G.
Published: February 2024

Background

An indicator called the under-five mortality rate makes it possible to compare deaths in several locations and groups of children of various sizes at once. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still has a high under-five mortality rate that needs to be addressed before modifiable causes can be completely recognized.

Objective

The study investigates the stark disparity in mortality rates for children under five between Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Methods

The study assessed secondary data from the World Bank repository covering four East African nation's period from 1990 to 2019. Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA was used in the study as a method of data analysis. Therefore, A significance threshold of 0.05 is therefore, considered for the statistical tests in this investigation, and the statistical software used is R.

Results

The findings showed that the under-five mortality rates of the four nations under consideration differed significantly (p<0.05). The median under-five mortality for the country Kenya was 82 compared to 117 in Rwanda, Uganda was 113, while for Tanzania was 97. According to a Wilcoxon signed rank pairwise tests, there is a significant difference in under-five mortality between Kenya and Uganda.

Conclusion

Kenya has the lowest average under-five mortality rate (79.00 ± 26.40), while Rwanda has the highest average rate (123.53 ± 72.93). Within the review period, the average mortality rate in Rwanda was 40 higher than the average in Kenya and more than 20 more than the average for Tanzania's under-five mortality rate.
Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 In SARS-COV-2 Vaccine Trial Screening Participants
Authors: Farhanah Nur , Pramudo Setyo Gundi , Hanifah Khoulah , Nency Yetty Movieta , Hapsari Rebriarina , Anantyo Dimas Tri , Mulyono Mulyono , Mahati Endang , Maharani Nani
Published: February 2024

Introduction

We conducted a Phase I SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial in March 2022. During the screening, we identified a significant number of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases among the candidate participants. We aimed to highlight the clinical characteristics among these asymptomatic individuals as compared to subjects negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

This observational study was conducted during participant screening for a Phase I SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial in Jepara and Mranggen districts in Central Java, Semarang, Indonesia. Participants who reported no symptoms associated with COVID-19, confirmed by physical examinations, were included. Data on laboratory markers were documented. An asymptomatic case was defined as showing no clinical symptoms and signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result. Individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 were included for comparison. A chi-square test was employed to assess the differences between the two groups, with a p-value <0.05 is considered significant.

Results

A total of 219 participants were screened and included. One hundred and six participants (48.4%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, with mean Ct values of 28.29 +/- 6.74 for the helicase gene. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, physical examination, and laboratory findings (p-value >0.05) among individuals with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion

In our vaccine trial screening phase, almost half were ineligible due to having asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, it is necessary that people with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection still need to be concerned because they have the same transmission potential.
The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy with Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Essential Oil on Sleep Quality in Mothers of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (A Randomized Clinical Trial Study)
Authors: Sinaei Masoumeh , Salari Roshank , Birjandi Reza Mohseni , Raesi Rasoul , Sadeghi Tahereh
Published: February 2024

Aim

The present study was to investigate the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with the lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on sleep quality in the mothers of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Background

Preterm infants and their hospital care are among the stressful events encountered by mothers. As maternal sleep disturbances are one of the frequent disorders at this stage, developing some measures to support mothers has been high on the list.

Methods

This two-group randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 50 mothers of preterm infants at the 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, completing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as the data collection tool. The study samples were initially randomized into two groups, viz., intervention and control. Afterward, the mothers in the intervention group received inhalation aromatherapy with the lemon balm essential oil by 5-7 drops on their face masks twice a day for two weeks. Then, sleep quantity and quality were assessed during the one- and two-week intervals following the intervention. The data were further analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

In total, 50 mothers of preterm infants were investigated in this study. The overall score of sleep quality in the mothers in the intervention group within the one- and two-week intervals at the post-intervention stage indicated a significant decrease, as compared with those in the controls (p<0.001). Moreover, the overall score of sleep quality for two weeks after the intervention compared with the one-week interval significantly dropped in the intervention group, as compared with the control one (p<0.001).

Conclusion

It was concluded that inhalation aromatherapy with lemon balm essential oil as a complementary medicine could be effective in improving sleep quality in mothers of preterm infants.
Investigating the Contributing Risk Factors toward Sarcopenia Prevalence and its Development in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Chamnansingh Chuenpak , Akekawatchai Chareeporn
Published: February 2024

Background

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes immune system impairment, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) given for HIV may increase the risk of morbidity and adverse health outcomes, including sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with HIV in non-Asian countries has been well-documented, but not in Asian countries.

Objective

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with HIV in Thai patients.

Methods

A cross-section study was designed. This study included 114 patients with HIV from a specialized infectious disease hospital aged 20-75 years and receiving ART for more than a year. Gait speed, muscle strength, and muscle mass were measured using the 6-m walking test, handgrip dynamometer, and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Patient medical records and Global Physical Health Questionnaire scores were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk of sarcopenia occurrence.

Results

The prevalence of sarcopenia was 21.93%. Risk factors for sarcopenia included duration of ART (odds ratio [OR]=16.55), advanced age (≥60 years, OR=13.50), duration of living with HIV (OR=9.44), and female sex (OR=3.79). Besides, low physical activity, which is a modifiable behavioral, had an OR of 2.78.

Conclusion

The prevalence of sarcopenia in people with HIV was 21.93%. The duration of ART was the most prominent risk factor for sarcopenia in patients with HIV. Patients with HIV should increase their physical activity levels to reduce sarcopenia risk.
Recent Advances in CRISPR-Cas Genome Engineering: An Overview
Authors: Job Kolady Angelina , Mukherjee Aritra , Kumavath Ranjith , Vijay Kumar Sarvepalli , Sreenivasa Rao Pasupuleti
Published: February 2024

Bacteria is one of the most primitive organisms on earth. Its high
susceptibility to bacteriophages has tailored them to use specific tools to edit their
genome and evade the bacteriophages. This defense system has been developed to be
the most specific genome editing technology of this current period. Previously, various
other tools such as restriction enzymes (RE), zinc finger nucleases (ZNF), and
transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS) were utilized. Still, its major
limitations led to exploiting the bacterial defense system to edit the genome. CRISPR
technology can be applied in various microbiology, pathology, cancer biology,
molecular biology, and industrial biotechnology, but its limitations, such as off-target
effects due to unspecific alterations, are a major concern. In the future, this effective
gene alteration technology will be developed to treat inherited rare genetic disorders.
This chapter highlights the discovery, components, applications, limitations, and future
prospects of CRISPR-Cas.
L. Plantarum of Vegetable Origin - Genome Editing and Applications
Authors: E. S. Sudeepa , Sajna A.
Published: February 2024

Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread, versatile bacterium that plays a
vital role in the preservation of innumerable fermented foods. These strains are
commonly employed as silage additives and starter cultures of fermented goods.
Genome editing could provide an added benefit by improving the fermentation profile
and quality, as well as the accompanying therapeutic benefits.

Genome editing of various strains of L. plantarum can be used commercially to
produce L-ribulose or succinic acid, direct lactic acid production, and increased ethanol
production. L. plantarum strains or recombinant strains can help restore intestinal flora
homeostasis, reduce the number of pathogenic organisms, and could even be employed
as vaccine carriers. Food products such as raw and fermented vegetables, olives, and
cereals inoculated with probiotic microbes have shown encouraging benefits as people
now seek non-dairy based probiotics. L. plantarum of vegetable or plant origin, as well
as applications of genome edited strains, are discussed in this book chapter.
Genome Editing in Bacillus Licheniformis: Current Approaches and Applications
Authors: Raphel Steji , Halami Prakash M.
Published: February 2024

Bacillus licheniformis has been regarded as an exceptional microbial cell
factory for the production of biochemicals and enzymes. The complete genome
sequencing and annotation of the genomes of industrially-relevant Bacillus species has
uplifted our understanding of their properties and helped in the progress of genetic
manipulations in other Bacillus species. The genome sequence analysis has given
information on the different genes and their functional importance. Post-genomic
studies require simple and highly efficient tools to enable genetic manipulation. With
the developments of complete genome sequences and simple genetic manipulation
tools, the metabolic pathways of B. licheniformis could be rewired for the efficient
production of interest chemicals. However, gene editing (such as gene knockout) is
laborious and time consuming using conventional methods. Recently, useful tools for
the genetic engineering of Bacillus species have emerged from the fields of systems
and synthetic biology. The recent progress in genetic engineering strategies as well as
the available genetic tools that have been developed in Bacillus licheniformis species,
has conveniently enabled multiple modifications in the genomes of Bacillus species
and thereby improved its use in the industrial sector.
Multiplier effect of Riam Bidadari tourism village on economic growth in Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan
Authors: Rahmini Noor , Rahmatullah Akhsanul , Fahrati Eny , Wardhana Ali , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Izzati Nurul
Published: February 2024

One of the problems faced by all regions in Indonesia is how to create high economic growth and reduce inequality. Tourism villages are considered capable of overcoming this problem. Tabalong Regency as a leading district must be able to capture the potential and opportunities with the presence of IKN in East Kalimantan as an area that directly borders. The agricultural and beauty potential that is owned in almost all sub-districts in Tabalong is an opportunity to increase people's welfare through the synergy of tourism and agriculture through agriedutourism. This study aims to analyze the multiplier effect of Riam Bidadari Tourism Village on the economic growth of Tabalong Regency. Data collection techniques in the form of observation and structured interviews with questionnaires. Data were processed descriptively using descriptive Keynesian multiplier analysis to identify the multiplier effect in Riam Bidadari Tourism Village, Tabalong Regency. The results of the study showed that the Keynesian Local Income Multiplier value in the Riam Bidadari Tourism Village was 3.78, the Type I Income Multiplier Ratio value was 1.08, and the Type II Income Multiplier Ratio value was 1.17.
Supporting English learning activities using hybrid communication and interaction
Authors: Kholis Adhan , Lisan Khusnul Harsul
Published: February 2024

Covid-19 pandemic extended serious impact toward educational field in all countries. Most schools conducted teaching and learning activities fully online even hybrid to reach the best interaction and communication. This study aimed to explore and describe the implementation of hybrid communication, the benefits, the evaluation and assessment, and the perceptions of both students and parents in English language teaching for the primary education at Afkaaruna Islamic School (AIS) Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was qualitative research with a case study research design. In collecting data, the researchers interviewed the principal, the head of curriculum, three English teachers, three students, and parents. The oservation of class activities, the documentation of teaching, and questionnaires of perceptions were also administered as supporting data. In analyzing the data, the researcher used interactive model by Miles Huberman including data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusions.  The results showed that teachers used lab-rotation model (50:50) in teaching and learning. Hybrid communication offered contributions toward English language teaching and learning at primary education including students’ enhancement and engagement on English skills, technical skills, class management, and digital literacy as well. Also, it facilitated students to access and obtain many online resources and references such as PDF texts, websites, e-books, YouTube videos, and animations. Moreover, it helped the teachers explained materials easily due to various digital tools used in the classroom. This study is expected to serve as a hybrid learning model for educators as an alternative approach when full online is deemed challenging to implement.
Chrześcijańska wizja patriotyzmu w wybranych spektaklach dla dzieci i młodzieży
Authors: Lach Mariusz
Published: February 2024

Wychowanie do patriotyzmu w duchu chrześcijańskim jest istotnym elementem rozwoju dzieci i młodzieży. Skupia się ono na ukazaniu istotnej roli, jaką spełnia tradycja, w której wyjątkowe postaci mogą być wzorem do naśladowania. Ważną rolę w tym procesie pełnią różne aktywności teatralne, przygotowywane przez młodych i skierowane do ich rówieśników. Wśród wielu bardzo słabych przedstawień teatralnych dostrzec można w ostatnich latach pojawiające się środowiska, które w coraz bardziej świadomy sposób podchodzą do tego zadania. Działając na polu bioteatru, stwarzają (często będąc tego nieświadomymi) tzw. „biogramaty”. Zaprezentowane w artykule postaci ukazane przez wybrane zespoły teatralne są przykładem ukazującym kierunek rozwoju tej części działań artystycznych skierowanych do dzieci i młodzieży.
A New Approach for Software Cost Estimation with a Hybrid Tabu Search and Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Mohamedyusf Hoshmen Murad , Sharif Hawar Othman , Ghareb Mazen Ismaeel
Published: February 2024

Due to the ever-increasing progress of software projects and their widespread impact on all industries, models must be designed and implemented to analyze and estimate costs and time. Until now, most of the software cost estimation (SCE) has been based on the analyst’s experiences and similar projects and these models are often inaccurate and inappropriate. The project will not be finished in the specified time and will include additional costs. Algorithmic models such as COCOMO are not very accurate in SCE. They are linear and the appropriate value for effort factors is not considered. On the other hand, artificial intelligence models have made significant progress in the cost estimation modeling of software projects in the past three decades. These models determine the correct value for effort factors through iteration and training, providing a more accurate estimate compared to algorithmic models. This paper employs a hybrid model incorporating the Tabu Search (TS) algorithm and the Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm for SCE. IWO algorithm solutions are improved using the TS algorithm. The NASA60, NASA63, NASA93, KEMERER, and MAXWELL datasets are used for the evaluation. The proposed model has been able to reduce the MMRE rate compared to the IWO algorithm and the TS algorithm. The proposed model on the NASA60, NASA63, NASA93, KEMERER, and MAXWELL datasets obtained values of MMRE of 15.43, 17.05, 28.75, 58.43, and 22.46, respectively.
Determination of water quality through using bioindicators, physical-chemical and
microbiological analysis of the lagoon Santo Domingo of the national park Cotopaxi, province
of Pichincha, period 2018
Authors: Ceballos Peñafiel Karen Nathali , Quishpe Guanoluisa Moisés Alejandro
Published: February 2024

The current research project carried out in the Santo Domingo Lagoon of the Cotopaxi National Park, a
Protected Area that is located in the canton of Mejia, province of Pichincha, and retains their transcendental
goal to determine the water quality from the application of bioindicators and physical-chemical and
microbiological laboratory analysis.
They obtained results about the quality of water using bioindicators according to the methodology used
(scientific induction, inductive, deductive, measurement, quantitative), where samples were taken at five
specific points of entry and exit of the lake body in April, May and June, making use of water quality
identification techniques for tolerance; Biological Monitoring Working Part (BMWP/Col.), Ephemeroptera,
Plecoptera, Tricoptera (EPT), Andean Biotic Index (ABI), and Biotic Index of Families (IBF). Meanwhile,
the environmental quality indices were used for the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis: DINUS
- Fundación Nacional de Saneamiento (NFS), defining that the water conditions are wrong or contaminated.
By contrast, from the application of the BMWP/Col. and ABI indices, the water quality pertains to waters of
questionable and critical condition.
However, with the application of the BMWP/Col. and ABI indices, it was defined that the water quality
corresponds to waters of doubtful and critical condition, which are, in conclusion, very contaminated waters.
On the other hand, one of the techniques for using bioindicators from the IBF index yielded a different result
in areas of apparent organic contamination, determining that the Santo Domingo Lagoon demonstrates an
"excellent" indicator.

Keywords: water, analysis, bioindicators, quality, indices, lagoon.
Defining and Challenging Ethical Responsibilities of News Communication Entities in the Intelligent Era
Authors: Pan Lu
Published: February 2024

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EFFICACY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACORUS CALAMUS LINN. IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS – A REVIEW
Authors: MEHDI HIDAYATH KHAN , BEGUM ZAKERA
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Acorus calamus Linn (HAEAC), in drug-induced hypothyroidism in albino Wistar rats, to prove the scientific integrity, credibility, and reliability of the concepts of the Unani system of medicine in the present era, to manage the disease with safe, low-cost, effective, and easily available drugs in the Unani system of medicine, and to compare the test drug with the standard control drug in the management of hypothyroidism.
Methods: Thirty female albino Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into six groups and three animals were in each group. G1 – Control group, G2 – Negative group, G3 – Standard group, G4 – Low test dose, G5 – Medium test dose group, and G6 – High test dose group. Except control group, all the rats were given propylthiouracil (PTU)-10 mg/kg/day, oral route for 30 days to induce hypothyroidism. The HAEAC used for the study. Toxicity study was done according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 423 guidelines for the pilot study. Moreover, then the dose of the test drug was fixed as low dose (200 mg/kg/bw), medium dose (400 mg/kg/bw), and high dose (600 mg/kg/bw).
Results: The effect of test drug Waj (HAEAC) in PTU-induced hypothyroidism, in high test dose (600 mg/kg/bw) results, shows the Mean±Standard deviation of T3 is 91.667±2.517 (p<0.001), T4 is 4.700±0.200 (p<0.01), and TSH is 26.033±7.061 (p<0.01).
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH VALUE AS A PREDICTOR OF COPD SEVERITY: ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors: SHIL SUMAN , PETHANI VRUNDA , MALANI SWATI , Dave Amit
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to use the red cell distribution width (RDW) value for predicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity.
Methods: Three hundred COPD patients are included in this retrospective analysis. Oxygen saturation, BODE index variables, and demographic characteristics were noted. All patients’ survival data were analyzed. RDW measurements were evaluated at the time of inclusion.
Results: The patients had an average age of 65.2±8.6 years. The patients were divided into the following stages of COPD: stage 1: 14.66%, stage 2: 56.66%, stage 3: 25.6%, and stage 4: 3%. Red cell distribution width was observed differ significantly between stages. The very high RDW was found in the extremely serious stage (p<0.001). The BODE index has a median of 1 (0–3). RDW increased with the BODE index as it increased (p<0.001). The survival percentages for the groups of patients created based on the laboratory upper limit of RDW was 76% for groups with RDW<14.3% and 29% for groups with RDW>14.3%.
Conclusion: Our study’s findings suggest that an elevated level of RDW may be linked to increased mortality and that a quick, non-invasive test could be used as an early biomarker to assess the severity of a disease.
ASSOCIATION OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION AMONG REPRODUCTIVE WOMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ANEBARACY V  , NAVEEN KUMAR C  , NAVEEN RAVI  , NITHYA RAJAPANDIAN
Published: February 2024

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is became most common problem in the reproductive age group women who seem to be adversely affected by associated thyroid dysfunction. Ovarian failure and pregnancy-related complications leaded by both factors. The study helps to explore the incidence and etiology of diverse thyroid conditions among PCOS individuals.
Methods: This prospective single‑center study with 40 female patients with hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, oligo‐anovulation, and polycystic ovaries patients were defined as having PCOS according to the revised 2003 Rotterdam criteria and Ferriman–Gallwey score with comprised the study population. Normal female subjects were studied as the control population who had normal thyroid function and without PCOS. By measuring of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine levels (free T3 and free T4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone can evaluate thyroid function. Along with ultrasound was performed to confirm the PCOS. By SPSS version 19 Chi-square test and t-test were determined.
Results: This case–control study revealed that a statistically significant higher prevalence of PCOS patients was found to have higher mean TSH values that were 5.33±2.51 μIU/mL, the mean for T3 and T4 was 154±138 μg/dL and 11.27±8.47 μg/dL, respectively. The mean FSH values were 07.27±4.49 μIU/mL, the mean LH was 84.27±38.49 μIU/mL, the mean estrogen 342±202 pg/mL, the mean progesterone values were 14.2±8.9 ng/mL and the mean testosterone levels were 69.73±9.28 ng/mL.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction shows a high prevalence in PCOS patients. Dysfunction can be treated which helps to manage infertility associated with PCOS.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT OF NATIONAL MEDICAL COLLEGE &TEACHING HOSPITAL, NEPAL
Authors: Shidiki Amrullah , Vyas Ashish , Pandit Bijayraj
Published: February 2024

Objective: This research was carried out from September to March 2023 at the National Medical College and Teaching Hospital with the objective to detect most prominent nosocomial infection causing microorganisms in hospital environment.
Methods: A total of 148 environment samples (66 in air samples and 82 surface samples) from different wards were taken from the hospital environment. All the samples were processed following standard microbiological methods.
Results: Gram-positive cocci were the most prominent ones followed by Gram-positive bacilli and then Gram-negative bacilli. Among Gram-positive isolates, coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 28.84% of the isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus with 25.76%, Streptococci with 8.23%, and Gram-positive rods with 17.68%. Among Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter spp. accounted for 8.08% followed by Escherichia coli with 1.43% and Klebsiella spp with 0.35%. Among fungal isolates, yeasts were found in higher number with 9.59% in comparison to Aspergillus spp. All Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Among Gram-negative isolates, E. coli showed the highest susceptibility to amikacin with 85%, Klebsiella spp, and Acinetobacter spp showed the higher degree of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin with 80% and 74.2% respectively.
Conclusions: The high incidence of similar types of bacterial isolates detection in the hospital environment suggests that the environment surrounding the hospital may be significantly contaminated with nosocomial pathogens and could represent a major mode of transmission to patients.
LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ANTIGEN OF B. MALAYI: ISOLATION, PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IMMUNE RESPONSES ASSESSMENT
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Jain Neelam
Published: February 2024

Objective: The present study was aimed on developing and characterizing liposomal delivery system loaded with antigen of filaria parasite Brugia malayi extracted protein for assessment of humoral immune responses of antigen.
Methods: Liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method with slight modification using molar ratio of Soya PC: PE:Cholesterol in different molar concentrations.
Results: The levels of F6 specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies were found to be elevated in immunized animals over non-immunized controls. Analysis of IgG-subclasses revealed that all the subclasses at (1:25dilution) increased several folds over the controls with IgG1 showing the greatest increase (25.0-fold) followed by IgG2b (3.0-fold). Antibodies titers showed the many fold increment of titers on liposomized antigen groups (Gr.I; without booster dose and Gr.IV; with booster dose). IgG showed about 2.2 fold increment in Gr.IV than control group (Gr.V). IgG1 after booster dose showed about 25-fold increment followed by IgG2b than IgG2a.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the liposomal antigen delivery system shows 25-fold IG-G responses in comparison to plain administrated antigen.