bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACSEBUL: An Approach for the Construction of Spatial Entities Based on Unified Logic
Authors: Guo Renzhong , Yu Changbin , Li Lin , Zhao Zhigang , He Biao
Published: October 2015

Approaches for automatically constructing 2D entities (e.g. 2D polygons) using 1D entities (e.g. 1D edges) have been widely discussed. However, few studies have considered how to construct 3D entities using lower‐dimensional entities, and fundamental research comparing 2D with 3D construction is even lacking. Therefore, this article proposes the Approach for Construction of Spatial Entities Based on Unified Logic (ACSEBUL), which can be applied to both 2D and 3D situations and can guarantee validation of these constructed 2D (3D) entities. Detailed definitions of the primitives and descriptions of ACSEBUL are provided, and typical 2D and 3D examples are shown. Furthermore, example experiments are performed using 2D and 3D parcels in Shenzhen, China. The results demonstrate that the 2D and 3D ACSEBUL methods, which are based on unified logic, can be used to automatically construct 2D and 3D entities, respectively.
Introduction of a closed‐system cell processor for red blood cell washing: postimplementation monitoring of safety and efficacy
Authors: Acker Jason P. , Hansen Adele L. , Yi Qi‐Long , Sondi Nayana , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Pendergrast Jacob , Hannach Barbara
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

After introduction of a closed‐system cell processor, the effect of this product change on safety, efficacy, and utilization of washed red blood cells (RBCs) was assessed.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

This study was a pre‐/postimplementation observational study. Efficacy data were collected from sequentially transfused washed RBCs received as prophylactic therapy by β‐thalassemia patients during a 3‐month period before and after implementation of the Haemonetics ACP 215 closed‐system processor. Before implementation, an open system (TerumoBCT COBE 2991) was used to wash RBCs. The primary endpoint for efficacy was a change in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration corrected for the duration between transfusions. The primary endpoint for safety was the frequency of adverse transfusion reactions (ATRs) in all washed RBCs provided by Canadian Blood Services to the transfusion service for 12 months before and after implementation.

RESULTS

Data were analyzed from more than 300 RBCs transfused to 31 recipients before implementation and 29 recipients after implementation. The number of units transfused per episode reduced significantly after implementation, from a mean of 3.5 units to a mean of 3.1 units (p < 0.005). The corrected change in Hb concentration was not significantly different before and after implementation. ATRs occurred in 0.15% of transfusions both before and after implementation.

CONCLUSION

Safety and efficacy of washed RBCs were not affected after introduction of a closed‐system cell processor. The ACP 215 allowed for an extended expiry time, improving inventory management and overall utilization of washed RBCs. Transfusion of fewer RBCs per episode reduced exposure of recipients to allogeneic blood products while maintaining efficacy.
From GWAS to function: lessons from blood cells
Authors: Vasquez L. J. , Mann A. L. , Chen L. , Soranzo N.
Published: October 2015

Haematopoiesis, or the process of formation of mature blood cells from committed progenitors, represents an accessible and well‐studied paradigm of cell differentiation and lineage specification. Genetic association studies provide a powerful approach to discover new genes, biological pathways and mechanisms underlying haematopoietic development. Here, we highlight recent findings of genomewide association studies (GWAS) linking 145 genomic loci to traits affecting the formation of red and white cells and platelets in European and other ancestries. We present strategies to address the main challenges in GWAS discoveries, particularly to find functional and regulatory effects of genetic variants, and to identify genes through which these genetic variants affect haematological phenotypes. We argue that studies of haematological trait variation provide an ideal paradigm for understanding the function of GWAS‐associated variants owing to the accessible nature of cells, simple cellular phenotype and focused efforts to characterize the genetic and epigenetic factors influencing the regulatory landscape in highly pure mature cell populations.
Learning from the other limb's experience: sharing the ‘trained’ M1 representation of the motor sequence knowledge
Authors: Gabitov Ella , Manor David , Karni Avi
Published: October 2015

Key points

Participants were scanned during the untrained‐hand performance of a motor sequence, intensively trained a day earlier, and also a similarly constructed but novel, untrained sequence.

The superior performance levels for the trained, compared to the untrained sequence, were associated with a greater magnitude of activity within the primary motor cortex (M1), bilaterally, for the trained sequence.

The differential responses in the ‘trained’ M1, ipsilateral to the untrained hand, were positively correlated with experience‐related differences in the functional connectivity between the ‘trained’ M1 and (1) its homologue and (2) the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) within the contralateral hemisphere.

No significant correlation was evident between experience‐related differences in M1 – M1 and M1 – PMd connectivity measures.

These results suggest that the transfer of sequence‐specific information between the two primary motor cortices is predominantly mediated by excitatory mechanisms driven by the ‘trained’ M1 via two independent neural pathways.

Following unimanual training on a novel sequence of movements, sequence‐specific performance may improve overnight not only in the trained hand, but also in the hand afforded no actual physical experience. It is not clear, however, how transfer to the untrained hand is achieved. In the present study, we examined whether and how interaction between the two primary motor cortices contributes to the performance of a sequence of movements, extensively trained the day before, by the untrained hand. Acordingly, we studied participants during the untrained‐hand performance of a finger‐to‐thumb opposition sequence (FOS), intensively trained a day earlier (T‐FOS), and a similarly constructed, but novel, untrained FOS (U‐FOS). Changes in neural signals driven by task performance were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. To minimize potential differences as a result of the rate of sequence execution per se, participants performed both sequences at an identical paced rate. The analyses showed that the superior fluency in executing the T‐FOS compared to the U‐FOS was associated with higher activity within the primary motor cortex (M1), bilaterally, for the T‐FOS. The differential responses in the ‘trained’ M1 were positively correlated with experience‐related differences in the functional connectivity between the ‘trained’ M1 and (1) its left homologue and (2) the left dorsal premotor cortex. However, no significant correlation was evident between the changes in connectivity in these two routes. These results suggest that the transfer of sequence‐specific information between the two primary motor cortices is predominantly mediated by excitatory mechanisms driven by the ‘trained’ M1 via at least two independent neural pathways.
Ischaemic concentrations of lactate increase TREK1 channel activity by interacting with a single histidine residue in the carboxy terminal domain
Authors: Ghatak Swagata , Banerjee Aditi , Sikdar Sujit Kumar
Published: October 2015

Key points

The physiological metabolite, lactate and the two‐pore domain leak potassium channel, TREK1 are known neuroprotectants against cerebral ischaemia. However, it is not known whether lactate interacts with TREK1 channel to provide neuroprotection.

In this study we show that lactate increases TREK1 channel activity and hyperpolarizes CA1 stratum radiatum astrocytes in hippocampal slices.

Lactate increases open probability and decreases longer close time of the human (h)TREK1 channel in a concentration dependent manner.

Lactate interacts with histidine 328 (H328) in the carboxy terminal domain of hTREK1 channel to decrease its dwell time in the longer closed state. This interaction was dependent on the charge on H328.

Lactate‐insensitive mutant H328A hTREK1 showed pH sensitivity similar to wild‐type hTREK1, indicating that the effect of lactate on hTREK1 is independent of pH change.

A rise in lactate concentration and the leak potassium channel TREK1 have been independently associated with cerebral ischaemia. Recent literature suggests lactate to be neuroprotective and TREK1 knockout mice show an increased sensitivity to brain and spinal cord ischaemia; however, the connecting link between the two is missing. Therefore we hypothesized that lactate might interact with TREK1 channels. In the present study, we show that lactate at ischaemic concentrations (15–30 mm) at pH 7.4 increases TREK1 current in CA1 stratum radiatum astrocytes and causes membrane hyperpolarization. We confirm the intracellular action of lactate on TREK1 in hippocampal slices using monocarboxylate transporter blockers and at single channel level in cell‐free inside‐out membrane patches. The intracellular effect of lactate on TREK1 is specific since other monocarboxylates such as pyruvate and acetate at pH 7.4 failed to increase TREK1 current. Deletion and point mutation experiments suggest that lactate decreases the longer close dwell time incrementally with increase in lactate concentration by interacting with the histidine residue at position 328 (H328) in the carboxy terminal domain of the TREK1 channel. The interaction of lactate with H328 is dependent on the charge on the histidine residue since isosteric mutation of H328 to glutamine did not show an increase in TREK1 channel activity with lactate. This is the first demonstration of a direct effect of lactate on ion channel activity. The action of lactate on the TREK1 channel signifies a separate neuroprotective mechanism in ischaemia since it was found to be independent of the effect of acidic pH on channel activity.
Dynamic Analysis and Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With External Perturbation
Authors: Wang Libiao , Fan Jian , Wang Zhengchu , Zhan Baishao , Li Jun
Published: October 2015

Chaotic motion and chaos control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are studied in this paper. The dynamics of chaotic PMSM with load vibration perturbation is presented and its complex dynamic characteristics are analyzed by using bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and phase portraits. Furthermore, an adaptive neural sliding mode control is addressed to suppress chaos oscillations for the PMSM. The neural network approximation is applied in the controller to emulate of the load perturbation. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme can eliminate the chaos and make the system achieve stable states even with the existence of unknown load vibration disturbance.
Study on Multimode Vortex-Induced Vibration of Deepwater Riser in Different Flow Fields by Finite Element Simulations
Authors: Chen Weimin , Li Min , Zhang Liwu , Tan Tiancai
Published: October 2015

Multimode vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of slender risers, respectively, in stepped and shear flows is explored by finite element simulations. Taking account of the interaction between fluid and structure, a hydrodynamic model is proposed and embedded into the finite element simulation so as to carry out dynamic response of multimode VIV in time-domain. Multimode VIV in both stepped and shear flow fields is examined. In the case of stepped flow, a semi-empirical formula of modal weight is given. In the case of shear flow, modal excitation region can be determined based on modal energy, and participating modes approximately distribute in scattering groups.
Influence of Controlled Aggregation on Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
Authors: Azizian Reza , Doroodchi Elham , Moghtaderi Behdad
Published: October 2015

Nanoparticles aggregation is considered, by the heat transfer community, as one of the main factors responsible for the observed enhancement in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. To gain a better insight into the veracity of this claim, we experimentally investigated the influence of nanoparticles aggregation induced by changing the pH value or imposing a magnetic field on the thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluids. The results showed that the enhancement in thermal conductivity of TiO2–water nanofluid, due to pH-induced aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles, fell within the ±10% of the mixture theory, while applying an external magnetic force on Fe3O4–water nanofluid led to thermal conductivity enhancements of up to 167%. It is believed that the observed low enhancement in thermal conductivity of TiO2–water nanofluid is because, near the isoelectric point (IEP), the nanoparticles could settle out of the suspension in the form of large aggregates making the suspension rather unstable. The magnetic field however could provide a finer control over the aggregate size and growth direction without compromising the stability of the nanofluid, and hence significantly enhancing the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid.
Thermal Dispersion in Finite Medium Under Periodic Surface Disturbance Using Dual-Phase-Lag Model
Authors: Lam Tung T. , Fong Ed
Published: October 2015

Transient heat conduction in finite thin films subjected to time-varying surface heat flux incidences at both boundaries and internal heat generation is investigated via the dual-phase-lag (DPL) hyperbolic model. Analytical solution of the temperature profiles inside the solid is derived by using the superposition principle and the method of Fourier series expansion in conjunction with the solution structure theorems. For comparison purposes, the classical diffusion, Cattaneo–Vernotte (C–V) model, and simplified thermomass (TM) models are deduced from the generalized DPL model. This is made possible by adjusting the temperature and heat flux relaxation parameters, and offers the opportunity to examine various interconnected non-Fourier conduction heat transfer characteristics including wave and diffusion effects as well as their interrelationship. Details of this process are examined and results are explored in this study.
Modeling of Temperature Cycles Induced by Pico- and Nanosecond Laser Pulses in Zinc Oxide and Molybdenum Thin Films
Authors: Scorticati D. , Römer G. R. B. E. , Huis in't Veld A. J. , de Lange D. F.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to study the benefits of applying ultrashort pulsed lasers over nanosecond pulsed lasers for selective (i.e., superficial) heat treatment of materials in general and for selective heat treatment of thin films in particular. To this end, a background of the physics that govern the absorption of light and subsequent diffusion of heat in semiconductor and metallic materials is provided, when exposed to picosecond or nanosecond laser pulses, with a fluence below the ablation threshold. A numerical model was implemented using a commercial finite-element modeling package, to simulate the temperature fields in thin films induced by laser pulses. The results of the simulations provide insight in the temperature cycles and corresponding timescales, as function of the processing parameters, such as fluence, pulse duration, pulse repetition frequency, and laser wavelength. Numerical simulations were run for thin films of molybdenum (Mo) and zinc oxide (ZnO) on a glass substrate, which are materials commonly adopted as (back and front) electrodes in thin film solar cells.
Plastic Zone Size at Sharp Indentation of Classical Elastic–Plastic Materials: Behavior at Ideally Plastic Hardening
Authors: Larsson Per-Lennart
Published: October 2015

Sharp indentation problems are examined based on finite element methods (FEMs) and self-similarity considerations. The analysis concerns classical elastic–plastic materials with low, or no, strain-hardening and especially the details of the behavior of the size of the plastic zone are at issue. The results are correlated using a single parameter, comprising both geometrical and mechanical properties, and compared with previously presented semi-analytical findings. The numerical analysis is restricted to cone indentation of elastic-ideally plastic materials.
Dynamic Measurement of Spatial Attitude at Bottom Rotating Drillstring: Simulation, Experimental, and Field Test
Authors: Xue Qilong , Wang Ruihe , Liu Baolin , Huang Leilei
Published: October 2015

In the oil and gas drilling engineering, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system is usually used to provide real-time monitoring of the position and orientation of the bottom hole. Particularly in the rotary steerable drilling technology and application, it is a challenge to measure the spatial attitude of the bottom drillstring accurately in real time while the drillstring is rotating. A set of “strap-down” measurement system was developed in this paper. The triaxial accelerometer and triaxial fluxgate were installed near the bit, and real-time inclination and azimuth can be measured while the drillstring is rotating. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the continuous measurement was established during drilling. The real-time signals of the accelerometer and the fluxgate sensors are processed and analyzed in a time window, and the movement patterns of the drilling bit will be observed, such as stationary, uniform rotation, and stick–slip. Different signal processing methods will be used for different movement patterns. Additionally, a scientific approach was put forward to improve the solver accuracy benefit from the use of stick–slip vibration phenomenon. We also developed the Kalman filter (KF) to improve the solver accuracy. The actual measurement data through drilling process verify that the algorithm proposed in this paper is reliable and effective and the dynamic measurement errors of inclination and azimuth are effectively reduced.
Technical Note: Motion‐perturbation method applied to dosimetry of dynamic MLC target tracking—A proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Feygelman Vladimir , Tonner Brian , Stambaugh Cassandra , Hunt Dylan , Zhang Geoffrey , Moros Eduardo , Nelms Benjamin E.
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

Previous studies show that dose to a moving target can be estimated using 4D measurement‐guided dose reconstruction based on a process called virtual motion simulation, or VMS. A potential extension of VMS is to estimate dose during dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC)‐tracking treatments. The authors introduce a modified VMS method and quantify its performance as proof‐of‐concept for tracking applications.

Methods:

Direct measurements with a moving biplanar diode array were used to verify accuracy of the VMS dose estimates. A tracking environment for variably sized circular MLC apertures was simulated by sending preprogrammed control points to the MLC while simultaneously moving the accelerator treatment table. Sensitivity of the method to simulated tracking latency (0–700 ms) was also studied. Potential applicability of VMS to fast changing beam apertures was evaluated by modeling, based on the demonstrated dependence of the cumulative dose on the temporal dose gradient.

Results:

When physical and virtual latencies were matched, the agreement rates (2% global/2 mm gamma) between the VMS and the biplanar dosimeter were above 96%. When compared to their own reference dose (0 induced latency), the agreement rates for VMS and biplanar array track closely up to 200 ms of induced latency with 10% low‐dose cutoff threshold and 300 ms with 50% cutoff. Time‐resolved measurements suggest that even in the modulated beams, the error in the cumulative dose introduced by the 200 ms VMS time resolution is not likely to exceed 0.5%.

Conclusions:

Based on current results and prior benchmarks of VMS accuracy, the authors postulate that this approach should be applicable to any MLC‐tracking treatments where leaf speeds do not exceed those of the current Varian accelerators.
“Mean Mugging”: An Exploration of Young Aboriginal Women’s Experiences of Bullying in Team Sports
Authors: Kentel Jennifer L. , McHugh Tara-Leigh F.
Published: October 2015

Bullying among youth is rampant and research suggests that young Aboriginal women may be particularly susceptible to bullying.Sport participation has been identified as a possible mechanism to prevent bullying behaviors, yet few researchers have explored bullying within the context of sport. The purpose of this qualitative description study was to explore young Aboriginal women’s experiences of bullying in team sports. Eight young Aboriginal women participated in one-on-one semistructured interviews and follow-up phone interviews.Data were analyzed using a content analysis, and findings were represented by five themes: (1) mean mugging, (2) sport specific, (3) happens all the time, (4) team bonding to address bullying, and (5) prevention through active coaches. The detailed descriptions shared by participants provide insight into a broad range of bullying experiences and serve as a foundation for addressing the bullying that occurs in sport.
Insights into the pharmacology of depression
Authors: Brennand Kristen
Published: October 2015

Serotonin activity regulator p11 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 interact to regulate depression-like behavior in mice.
A self-propelled colon scope
Authors: Traverso Giovanni
Published: October 2015

A disposable robotic colonoscope is safe and efficacious in humans.
Sphingosine Kinase Regulates Microtubule Dynamics and Organelle Positioning Necessary for Proper G
1
/S Cell Cycle Transition in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Pasternack Deborah A. , Sharma Aabha I. , Olson Cheryl L. , Epting Conrad L. , Engman David M.
Published: October 2015

Sphingolipids are important constituents of cell membranes and also serve as mediators of cell signaling and cell recognition. Sphingolipid metabolites such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide regulate signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Little is known about how sphingolipids and their metabolites function in single-celled eukaryotes. In the present study, we investigated the role of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) in the biology of the protozoan parasite
Trypanosoma brucei
, the agent of African sleeping sickness.
T. brucei
SPHK (TbSPHK) is constitutively but differentially expressed during the life cycle of
T. brucei
. Depletion of TbSPHK in procyclic-form
T. brucei
causes impaired growth and attenuation in the G
1
/S phase of the cell cycle. TbSPHK-depleted cells also develop organelle positioning defects and an accumulation of tyrosinated α-tubulin at the elongated posterior end of the cell, known as the “nozzle” phenotype, caused by other molecular perturbations in this organism. Our studies indicate that TbSPHK is involved in G
1
-to-S cell cycle progression, organelle positioning, and maintenance of cell morphology. Cytotoxicity assays using TbSPHK inhibitors revealed a favorable therapeutic index between
T. brucei
and human cells, suggesting TbSPHK to be a novel drug target.

IMPORTANCE
Trypanosoma brucei
is a single-celled parasite that is transmitted between humans and other animals by the tsetse fly.
T. brucei
is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 70 million people and countless livestock are at risk of developing
T. brucei
infection, called African sleeping sickness, resulting in economic losses of ~$35 million from the loss of cattle alone. New drugs for this infection are sorely needed and scientists are trying to identify essential enzymes in the parasite that can be targets for new therapies. One possible enzyme target is sphingosine kinase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of lipids important for cell surface integrity and regulation of cell functions. In this study, we found that sphingosine kinase is essential for normal growth and structure of the parasite, raising the possibility that it could be a good target for new chemotherapy for sleeping sickness.
Is It Possible? A Different Approach to Creating a Universal Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Schultz-Cherry Stacey
Published: October 2015

The best way to combat influenza virus infection is to prevent it. However, the continual evolution of circulating influenza virus strains and the constant threat of newly emerging viruses forces the public health community to annually update seasonal influenza vaccines while stockpiling potential pandemic virus vaccines. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a “universal” influenza vaccine that affords protection against all strains. In their recent article, L. M. Schwartzman et al. (mBio 6:e01044-15, 2015, doi:10.1128/mBio.01044-15) demonstrated that intranasal immunization of mice with a cocktail of viral-like particles (VLPs) expressing distinct influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins can broadly protect against infection not only with the same viral strains but also with unrelated strains. These findings suggest a promising strategy for developing a broadly protective “universal” influenza vaccine.
Cast nephropathy: an extremely rare renal presentation of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Santos Tânia , Machado Susana , Sousa Vítor , Campos Mário
Published: October 2015

Renal involvement in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is very unusual when compared to multiple myeloma. We report a case of a patient who developed anuric acute kidney injury secondary to cast nephropathy, dependent on high-flux haemodialysis. Complementary study revealed the presence of blood IgM monoclonal gammopathy and a massive bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. There were no osteolytic lesions and no clinical signs/symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome. The diagnosis of WM was established and a dexamethasone plus cyclophosphamide regime was started, in addition to plasmapheresis. The patient partially recovered renal function allowing haemodialysis and plasmapheresis withdrawal. He remained asymptomatic with a good response to chemotherapy and 12 months after his renal function remained stable. This is a rare clinical case in which WM presented as an IgM cast nephropathy, which in turn is an extremely rare renal presentation of this equally rare haematological disorder.
Musculoskeletal pain and limitations in work ability in Swedish marines: a cross-sectional survey of prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Monnier Andreas , Larsson Helena , Djupsjöbacka Mats , Brodin Lars-Åke , Äng Björn O
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of self-rated musculoskeletal pain and pain limiting work ability in Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) marines, and to study factors potentially associated with pain limiting work ability for the most prevalent pain regions reported.

Design

Population-based, cross-sectional survey.

Participants

There were 272 SAF marines from the main marine battalion in Sweden included in the study.

Outcomes

Self-assessed musculoskeletal pain and pain limiting the marines' work ability within a 6-month period, as obtained from structured questionnaires. The association of individual, health and work-related factors with musculoskeletal pain limiting work ability was systematically regressed with multiple logistic models, estimating OR and 95% CI.

Results

Musculoskeletal pain and pain limiting work ability were most common in the back, at 46% and 20%, and lower extremities at 51% and 29%, respectively. Physical training ≤1 day/week (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 16.8); body height ≤1.80 m (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 15.1) and ≥1.86 m (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 14.1); computer work 1/4 of the working day (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 10.0) and ≥1/2 (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 10.1) of the working day were independently associated with back pain limiting work ability. None of the studied variables emerged significantly associated with such pain for the lower extremities.

Conclusions

Our findings show that musculoskeletal pain and resultant limitations in work ability are common in SAF marines. Low frequency of physical training emerged independently associated with back pain limiting work ability. This suggests that marines performing physical training 1 day per week or less are suitable candidates for further medical evaluation and secondary preventive actions. While also associated, body height and computer work need further exploration as underlying mechanisms for back pain limiting work ability. Further prospective studies are necessary to clarify the direction of causality.
Pregnancy-related venous thrombosis: comparison between spontaneous and ART conception in an Italian cohort
Authors: Villani Michela , Dentali Francesco , Colaizzo Donatella , Tiscia Giovanni Luca , Vergura Patrizia , Petruccelli Tiziana , Petruzzelli Francesco , Ageno Walter , Margaglione Maurizio , Grandone Elvira
Published: October 2015

Objective

To evaluate in an Italian cohort the incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Setting

Thrombosis and Haemostasis Unit at I.R.C.C.S. ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’, S. Giovanni Rotondo.

Participants

A prospective cohort of 998 women advised to undergo ART was referred by local fertility clinics from April 2002 to July 2011. Follow-up information was obtained during the check-up and/or by phone interviews. In a cohort of women who consecutively gave birth (n=3339) after spontaneous conception in our Institution, information on the diagnoses of pregnancy-related venous thromboses was obtained by linkage to a patient administrative register.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We calculated the incidence of VTE and superficial venous thrombosis in successful ART cycles and compared it with that of the general population conceiving spontaneously.

Results

Overall, 684 ART cycles were carried out by 234 women, who achieved a clinical pregnancy; in case of more than one successful cycle, only the first pregnancy was considered. Three vein thromboses (two VTE and one superficial vein thrombosis) were recorded. An antithrombotic prophylaxis with LMWH alone or combined with low-dose aspirin was prescribed in 23/234 (9.8%) women. In the reference cohort of 3339 women, a total of 11 vein thromboses were observed: six VTE and five SVT. The two-tailed Fisher exact test showed a trend towards statistical significance (p: 0.06, OR: 3.9, 95% CI 0.87 to 15.3). After the exclusion of superficial thromboses in both the groups, we found that the incidence of VTE in our population of women who had undergone ART was 2/234 pregnancies (8.5 ‰), whereas that in our reference population was 6/3339 (1.8 ‰) (p: 0.09).

Conclusions

Our data show a slightly higher incidence of vein thromboses in pregnancies after ART than in those after natural conception.
Study protocol for a controlled trial of Strengths Model Case Management in mental health services in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsoi Wing-See Emily , Tse Samson , Fukui Sadaaki , Jones Steven
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Although strengths-based models are popular within recovery-oriented approaches, there is still a lack of conclusive research to guide how they should be implemented. A recent meta-analysis confirmed the lack of clarity in how this perspective is operationalised and that fidelity monitoring during the implementation process is lacking. Hence, there is a clear need to evaluate the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a clearly operationalised strengths-based intervention that incorporates fidelity checks to inform more definitive research. This protocol therefore describes a controlled trial of Strengths Model Case Management (SMCM), a complex intervention, for people with severe mental illnesses in Hong Kong. This trial follows the guidelines of the Medical Research Council as a phase 2 trial. Hence, it is a pilot study that tests the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.

Methods and analysis

This is a 9-month controlled trial that uses the Kansas Model. Participants and a matched control group are recruited on a voluntary basis, after screening for eligibility. Effectiveness of the SMCM will be measured through outcome measures taken at baseline, the mid-point and at the end of the trial. Outcomes for service users include personal recovery, hope, subjective well-being, psychiatric symptoms, perceived level of recovery features within the organisation, therapeutic alliance and achievement of recovery goals. Outcomes for care workers will include job burnout, organisational features of recovery and perceived supervisory support. With a 2×3 analysis of variance design and a moderate intervention effect (Cohen's d=0.50), a total of 86 participants will be needed for a statistical power of 0.80.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee for Non-Clinical Faculties at The University of Hong Kong (HRECNCF: EA140913).

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN)12613001120763.
Simulation-based multiprofessional obstetric anaesthesia training conducted in situ versus off-site leads to similar individual and team outcomes: a randomised educational trial
Authors: Sørensen Jette Led , van der Vleuten Cees , Rosthøj Susanne , Østergaard Doris , LeBlanc Vicki , Johansen Marianne , Ekelund Kim , Starkopf Liis , Lindschou Jane , Gluud Christian , Weikop Pia , Ottesen Bent
Published: October 2015

Objective

To investigate the effect of in situ simulation (ISS) versus off-site simulation (OSS) on knowledge, patient safety attitude, stress, motivation, perceptions of simulation, team performance and organisational impact.

Design

Investigator-initiated single-centre randomised superiority educational trial.

Setting

Obstetrics and anaesthesiology departments, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Participants

100 participants in teams of 10, comprising midwives, specialised midwives, auxiliary nurses, nurse anaesthetists, operating theatre nurses, and consultant doctors and trainees in obstetrics and anaesthesiology.

Interventions

Two multiprofessional simulations (clinical management of an emergency caesarean section and a postpartum haemorrhage scenario) were conducted in teams of 10 in the ISS versus the OSS setting.

Primary outcome

Knowledge assessed by a multiple choice question test.

Exploratory outcomes

Individual outcomes: scores on the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, stress measurements (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, cognitive appraisal and salivary cortisol), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and perceptions of simulations. Team outcome: video assessment of team performance. Organisational impact: suggestions for organisational changes.

Results

The trial was conducted from April to June 2013. No differences between the two groups were found for the multiple choice question test, patient safety attitude, stress measurements, motivation or the evaluation of the simulations. The participants in the ISS group scored the authenticity of the simulation significantly higher than did the participants in the OSS group. Expert video assessment of team performance showed no differences between the ISS versus the OSS group. The ISS group provided more ideas and suggestions for changes at the organisational level.

Conclusions

In this randomised trial, no significant differences were found regarding knowledge, patient safety attitude, motivation or stress measurements when comparing ISS versus OSS. Although participant perception of the authenticity of ISS versus OSS differed significantly, there were no differences in other outcomes between the groups except that the ISS group generated more suggestions for organisational changes.

Trial registration number

NCT01792674.
Pattern of cardiac surveillance among patients with lymphoma receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy
Authors: Hung Olivia Y , Brown Jennifer R , Dai Tian , Easley Kirk A , Flowers Christopher R , Parashar Susmita
Published: October 2015

Objective

Anthracyclines are potent antineoplastic agents in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies, but their therapeutic benefit is limited by cardiotoxicity. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends routine surveillance, early diagnosis and treatment of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (AC) induced cardiomyopathy (AC-CMP). We aimed to assess the prevalence of AC-CMP in patients with lymphoma, surveillance patterns of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in those receiving AC and management of patients with AC-CMP at an academic medical centre prior to the development of a comprehensive cardio-oncology programme.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study examining 218 patients with aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL) who received AC 1992–2012 and had serial follow-up. AC-CMP was defined as LVEF decrease ≥10% with final LVEF≤50% or LVEF reduction ≥15% regardless of final LVEF.

Results

Of 218 patients treated with AC, 73 (34%) had LVEF assessment both prior to and after receiving AC. Of these 73 patients, 24 developed AC-CMP and had higher cumulative all-cause mortality than those without AC-CMP (HR 2.35, p=0.03). Coronary artery disease (CAD) was an independent predictor of AC-CMP (p=0.048). Mean post-AC LVEF was lower in patients with CAD compared with those without CAD when their baseline LVEF was 45% (p=0.0009) or 55% (p=0.001) but was similar at 65% (p=0.33). Less than half of patients with AC-CMP received recommended heart failure medication therapy.

Conclusions

Historically, one-third of patients with B-NHL treated with AC underwent surveillance according to AHA guidelines. There is substantial opportunity for collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists to improve the care of patients with lymphoma receiving AC.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for acute anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: study protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Zhou Xinyu , James Anthony C , Qin Bin , Whittington Craig J , Cuijpers Pim , Del Giovane Cinzia , Liu Yiyun , Cohen David , Weisz John R , Xie Peng
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Anxiety disorders are associated with significant public health burden in young individuals. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used psychotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, but previous reviews were hindered by a limited number of trials with direct comparisons between different psychotherapies and their deliveries. Consequently, the main aim of this research was to investigate the comparative efficacy and acceptability of various types and deliveries of psychotherapies for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

Methods and analysis

We will systematically search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and LiLACS for randomised controlled trials, regardless of whether participants received blinding or not, published from 1 January 1966 to 30 January 2015 (updated to 1 July 2015), that compared any psychotherapy with either a control condition or an active comparator with different types and/or different delivery formats for the acute treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Data extraction, risk of bias and quality assessments will be independently extracted by two reviewers. The primary outcome for efficacy will be mean overall change scores in anxiety symptoms (self-rated or assessor-rated) from baseline to post-treatment between two groups. The acceptability of treatment will be measured as the proportion of patients who discontinued treatment during the acute phase of treatment. We will assess efficacy, based on the standardised mean difference (SMD), and acceptability, based on the OR, using a random-effects network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical issues are foreseen. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print. The meta-analysis may be updated to inform and guide management of anxiety in children and adolescents.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO CRD42015016283.
Assessing the feasibility of screening and providing brief advice for alcohol misuse in general dental practice: a clustered randomised control trial protocol for the DART study
Authors: Ntouva Antiopi , Porter Jessie , Crawford Mike J , Britton Annie , Gratus Christine , Newton Tim , Tsakos Georgios , Heilmann Anja , Pikhart Hynek , Watt Richard G
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Alcohol misuse is a significant public health problem with major health, social and economic consequences. Systematic reviews have reported that brief advice interventions delivered in various health service settings can reduce harmful drinking. Although the links between alcohol and oral health are well established and dentists come into contact with large numbers of otherwise healthy patients regularly, no studies have been conducted in the UK to test the feasibility of delivering brief advice about alcohol in general dental settings.

Methods and analysis

The Dental Alcohol Reduction Trial (DART) aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of screening for alcohol misuse and delivering brief advice in patients attending National Health Service (NHS) general dental practices in North London. DART is a cluster randomised control feasibility trial and uses a mixed methods approach throughout the development, design, delivery and evaluation of the intervention. It will be conducted in 12 NHS general dental practices across North London and will include dental patients who drink above the recommended guidance, as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) screening tool. The intervention involves 5 min of tailored brief advice delivered by dental practitioners during the patient's appointment. Feasibility and acceptability measures as well as suitability of proposed primary outcomes of alcohol consumption will be assessed. Initial economic evaluation will be undertaken. Recruitment and retention rates as well as acceptability of the study procedures from screening to follow-up will be measured.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the Camden and Islington Research Ethics Committee. Study outputs will be disseminated via scientific publications, newsletters, reports and conference presentations to a range of professional and patient groups and stakeholders. Based on the results of the trial, recommendations will be made on the conduct of a definitive randomised controlled trial.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN81193263.
Longitudinal cohort study describing persistent frequent attenders in Australian primary healthcare
Authors: Pymont Carly , Butterworth Peter
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To describe patterns of frequent attendance in Australian primary care, and identify the prospective risk factors for persistent frequent attendance.

Design, setting and participants

This study draws on data from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project, a representative community cohort study of residents from the Canberra region of Australia. Participants were assessed on 3 occasions over 8 years. The survey assessed respondents’ experience of chronic physical conditions, self-reported health, symptoms of common mental disorders, personality, life events, sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported medication use. A balanced sample was used in analysis, comprising 1734 respondents with 3 waves of data. The survey data for each respondent were individually linked to their administrative health service use data which were used to generate an objective measure of general practitioner (GP) consultations in the 12 months surrounding their interview date.

Main outcome measures

Respondents in the (approximate) highest decile of attenders on number of GP consultations over a 12-month period at each time point were defined as frequent attenders (FAs).

Results

Baseline FAs (8.4%) were responsible for 33.4% of baseline consultations, while persistent FAs (3.6%) for 15.5% of all consultations over the 3 occasions. While there was considerable movement between FA status over time, consistency was greater than expected by chance alone. While there were many factors that differentiated non-FAs from FAs in general, persistent frequent attendance was specifically associated with gender, baseline reports of depression, self-reported physical conditions and disability, and medication use.

Conclusions

The degree of persistence in GP consultations was limited. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the risk factors that predict subsequent persistent frequent attendance in primary care. However, further detailed investigation of longitudinal patterns of frequent attendance and consideration of time-varying determinants of frequent attendance is required.
Evidence of an Asia to North America dispersal of palynomorphs in the Late Cretaceous
Authors: Braman Dennis R.
Published: October 2015

The fossil pollen genus Morinoipollenites has been frequently reported in strata from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China and southeastern Russia. Pollen grains belonging to a single fossil species, Morinoipollenites normalis, have been only rarely encountered in Upper Cretaceous strata of North America. Just five specimens of Morinoipollenites have been recovered from sites of definite or probable Maastrichtian age in Alaska, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Colorado. It is argued that the rarity in North America, common Asian occurrences, large size of pollen grains, and complex morphology of the pollen favour these pollen grains having been transported to North America from Asia by some vector. The transporting vector would most likely have been a flying organism based on the life styles of the producing plants and transporting organisms, long distance of transport, and morphology of the pollen grains.
Review of Stagodontidae (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the Judithian (Late Cretaceous) Belly River Group of southeastern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Scott Craig S. , Fox Richard C.
Published: October 2015

Although stagodontid marsupials are among the most distinctive mammals of Late Cretaceous age in North America, there remain significant gaps in knowledge of their dental anatomy, particularly that of the stratigraphically oldest genus, Eodelphis Matthew, 1916. We report here on stagodontid specimens from the Judithian Belly River Group of southeastern Alberta, Canada, that document what was until now previously unknown parts of the upper and lower premolar dentition of Eodelphis browni Matthew, 1916 and Eodelphis cutleri (Smith Woodward, 1916). The new information further confirms the distinctiveness of both nominal species of Eodelphis, and bolsters previous hypotheses suggesting a close phylogenetic relationship between E. cutleri and the advanced stagodontid Didelphodon Marsh, 1889. Although the new specimens from Alberta suggest that the problematic holotype of “Boreodon matutinus” Lambe, 1902 is an upper third premolar, a referral to Eodelphis cannot be made with confidence and the name should continue to be treated as a nomen dubium. Lastly, we report the first occurrence of Didelphodon in strata of the Belly River Group, extending the geological age of the genus into the Judithian, co-eval with species of Eodelphis, and suggesting a significant prior and as yet undiscovered evolutionary history.