bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning-based binary classifiers for predicting organizational members’ user satisfaction with collaboration software
Authors: Feng Yituo , Park Jungryeol
Published: July 2023

Background

In today’s digital economy, enterprises are adopting collaboration software to facilitate digital transformation. However, if employees are not satisfied with the collaboration software, it can hinder enterprises from achieving the expected benefits. Although existing literature has contributed to user satisfaction after the introduction of collaboration software, there are gaps in predicting user satisfaction before its implementation. To address this gap, this study offers a machine learning-based forecasting method.

Methods

We utilized national public data provided by the national information society agency of South Korea. To enable the data to be used in a machine learning-based binary classifier, we discretized the predictor variable. We then validated the effectiveness of our prediction model by calculating feature importance scores and prediction accuracy.

Results

We identified 10 key factors that can predict user satisfaction. Furthermore, our analysis indicated that the naive Bayes (NB) classifier achieved the highest prediction accuracy rate of 0.780, followed by logistic regression (LR) at 0.767, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) at 0.744, support vector machine (SVM) at 0.744, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) at 0.707, and decision tree (DT) at 0.637.

Conclusions

This research identifies essential indicators that can predict user satisfaction with collaboration software across four levels: institutional guidance, information and communication technology (ICT) environment, company culture, and demographics. Enterprises can use this information to evaluate their current collaboration status and develop strategies for introducing collaboration software. Furthermore, this study presents a novel approach to predicting user satisfaction and confirm the effectiveness of the machine learning-based prediction method proposed in this study, adding to the existing knowledge on the subject.
Sex difference in the discordance between Abbott Architect and EuroImmun serological assays
Authors: Hartsell Joel D. , Leung Daniel T. , Zhang Yue , Delgado Julio C. , Alder Stephen C. , Samore Matthew H.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study evaluated the discordance between Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and EUROIMMUN SARS-COV-2 ELISA in a seroprevalence study.

Methods

From June 10 to August 15, 2020, 8,246 specimens were dually evaluated by the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott) and the EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (EI) assays. Sex-stratified phi correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the concordance between Abbott and EI assay’s quantitative results. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic models were implemented to evaluate the association between assay positivity and sex on a low prevalence sample while controlling for age, race, ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, immunosuppressive therapy, and autoimmune disease.

Results

EI positivity among males was 2.1-fold that of females; however, no significant differences in Abbott positivity were observed between sexes. At the manufacturer-recommended threshold, the phi correlation coefficient for the Abbott and EI qualitative results among females (Φ = 0.47) was 34% greater than males (Φ = 0.35). The unadjusted and fully adjusted models yielded a strong association between sex and positive EI result for the low prevalence subgroup (unadjusted OR: 2.24, CI: 1.63, 3.11, adjusted OR: 3.40, CI: 2.15, 5.39). A similar analysis of Abbott positivity in the low prevalence subgroup did not find an association with any of the covariates examined. Significant quantitative and qualitative discordance was observed between Abbott and EI throughout the seroprevalence study. Our results suggest the presence of sex-associated specificity limitations with the EI assay. As these findings may extend to other anti-S assays utilized for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence investigations, further investigation is needed to evaluate the generalizability of these findings.
From student to doctor: An analysis of chiropractic oaths as an allegory of the transition from academic integrity to ethical professionalism
Authors: Deltoff Marshall N.
Published: July 2023

Objective

This article examined current chiropractic oaths, particularly topics related to aspects of integrity, ethics, and professional behavior. The oaths were then compared for their individual inclusion and emphasis of these components.

Methods

Data were obtained from 1988 and 2019 papers describing components of the oaths used at each existing chiropractic college as well as those used in the past by colleges that are no longer operational. Additionally, colleges founded after 2019 were contacted to obtain their oaths. Nine oath components related to ethics and professional conduct were selected from 26 topics originally studied. Each oath was evaluated for the presence of and specific wording used to describe those components. The oaths were compared for their inclusion and emphasis of these components.

Results

Some topics, such as “keeping a patient's confidence” and “refrain from wrongdoing,” demonstrated a high rate of occurrence. Others, including “serving humanity” and “respecting teachers,” were less frequent. The oath of 1 program contained 8 of the topics, 4 program's oaths used 7 topics, 11 schools had 6 topics in their oath, and the oaths of 5 schools included 2 topics.

Conclusion

There is wide variation in the occurrence and emphasis of themes relating to ethics, integrity, and professionalism in the different chiropractic oaths. This study provides information for institutions to consider with regard to the content of the oath they administer. It is hoped that this article may encourage the creation of a universally accepted chiropractic oath that will help each graduate commit to a fulsome, all-encompassing pledge to become an ethical professional who optimally represents chiropractic.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Conglomerates in Nigeria
Authors: Onmonya Lucky Otsoge , Ebire Kolawole
Published: July 2023

The corporate governance code mandates all publicly quoted firms in Nigeria to establish an audit committee to ensure transparency in financial reporting and protect shareholders' interests. This study examined the effect of audit characteristics on the corporate performance of listed conglomerates in Nigeria from 2015 to 2021. Audit characteristics was proxy as audit committee size, audit committee meetings and audit committee independence, while corporate performance was proxy as return on asset. The secondary data were sourced from the firms' annual reports and were analysed using correlation matrix and panel fixed regression. The result from the panel regression showed that audit committee size and independence do not significantly affect the performance of listed conglomerates in Nigeria. In contrast, audit committee meetings significantly but negatively affect listed conglomerates in Nigeria. This study concludes that the frequency of audit committee meetings does not increase the performance of firms. This study recommends that the Security and Exchange Commission ensure that conglomerate firms in Nigeria comply with at least four audit committee meetings in a year to improve monitoring mechanisms and corporate performance.
Isolation and Identification of Zooplankton in a Tropical Stream in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Otoh A. J. , George U. U. , Ekpo P. , Inyang-Etoh A.
Published: July 2023

An investigation of zooplankton in a tropical stream in Akwa Ibom State was carried out at three different stations between April and June, 2019. From the study it is revealed that the zooplankton species were wide spread and abundant in all the studied stations with station 3 recording the highest total abundance of 124 ind. / l. Eight species of zooplankton were identified during the study which include; Arcella sp, Askenasia faurei and Difflugia acuminate for protozoa while Brachionus sp., Lindia torulose, Rotaria sp., Trichotria pocillum, Polyyarthra sp., belong to the phylum Rotifera. Rotoria sp was present in high numerical abundance during the study period with low numerical abundance recorded for Arcella sp which was attributed to variation in physicochemical parameters of the study area and duration of the study period. However, the physico-chemical parameters studied were within the standard recommended by WHO for portable water exception of Turbidity which was slightly higher the recommended 5 NTU. Conclusively, this study will provide baseline information as regards the zooplankton community and water quality of Uruk-Uso Stream.
Carrageenan in Seaweed (Eucheuma sp.) and Use of Carrageenan in Fishery Food Products: A Review
Authors: Rahmawati Indah , Liviawaty Evi , Pratama Rusky Intan , Junianto
Published: July 2023

Carrageenan is a hydrocolloid compound found in red seaweed (Rodhophyta). Carrageenan-producing sources are Eucheuma cottonii seaweed with kappa carrageenan type and Eucheuma spinoum with iota carrageenan type. Kappa carrageenan is widely used in food products because its availability is very abundant in nature compared to iota and lambda carrageenan types. The boiling method with an alkaline solution is a method that is often used in extracting carrageenan. Carrageenan has properties as a stabilizer, thickener, gelling agent, and emulsifier. Carrageenan is widely applied in the food and non-food sector. In food products, carrageenan functions as a food additive, thickener, and emulsifier, and can increase the protein and fiber content of a food product.
Vertical Distribution of Forms of Sulphur in Relation to Physicochemical Properties of Lateritic Soils of Eastern India
Authors: Nisab C. P. Mohammed , Ghosh G. K. , Sahu Mamta , Kundu M. C.
Published: July 2023

Sulphur (S) deficiency is widespread in Indian soils, and it has been emerging as a major problem in rice-growing lateritic soils of West Bengal. The vertical distribution of S forms and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties were examined in 50 rice-growing locations of lateritic soils of West Bengal, India, for the current study. For this a total of one hundred fifty representative soil samples were collected from three depths and fifty representative locations of rice-based cropping systems of lateritic belt of West Bengal and analyzed for different fractions of S and important physicochemical properties using standard methodology. Most soils were sandy clay loam to clay loam, with low to medium levels of organic carbon, and strongly acidic to moderately acidic. A decrease in organic carbon across the depths was evident. Among the sulphur forms, organic S was dominant, and the contribution of water-soluble S was least throughout the soil profile. The studied sulphur forms followed the order: total S > organic S > heat soluble S > adsorbed S > sulphate S > water soluble S. Except for adsorbed S, most forms decreased with soil depth. The correlation study revealed that soil pH was positively and significantly correlated with water soluble (r = 0.431**) and sulphate S (r = 0.325*) in surface soils, with sulphate S both in mid-surface (r = 0.450**) and subsurface soils (r = 0.423**). Organic carbon showed a positive correlation with all the S forms throughout the profile. Both clay and silt content positively affected S forms, while sand content showed a negative relationship. Positive correlation among all the S forms observed along soil depth, except for a negative correlation between adsorbed S and sulphate S. This investigation will be helpful for sulphur management to optimize crop yields in lateritic soils.
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Production in Kenya: A Review of its Economic Importance, Ecological Requirement and Production Constraints
Authors: Daniel Kengere Atambo , Muindi Esther Mwende , Muti Simon Mbuvi
Published: July 2023

Cabbage is an important vegetable containing considerable amount of water, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, assorted minerals, phenols and glucosinolates. In Kenya, cabbage production is done mainly by smallholder farmers for food and sale. The crop is mainly grown between 800m and 2900m above sea level. It plays an important role towards achieving improved human nutrition and health conditions, reducing poverty through food security, and enhancing ecosystem resilience as a source of income, human food, and livestock feed. Statistics show that though the average area under production has been growing since 2017, average production has been fluctuating and consumption increasing steadily. Profitable production of the crop within the country is mainly constrained by myriad of factors such as climate change effects, pest and disease prevalence, poor agronomic practices, land degradation, soil health deterioration, lack of structured marketing systems and poor research-extension- farmer linkages. Possession of limiting climate-smart agriculture knowledge and skills, challenging access to credit facilities and agro-processing technologies, as well as narrow post-harvest loss management knowledge and skills, was identified as other key cabbage production constraints within the country. It was however noted that the country has the potential to achieve profitable cabbage farming if the adoption of climate smart technologies, farmer-extension linkage, government policies, credit facilities as well a structured market system were streamlined. The current work reviews the cabbage crop, with emphasis on its biology, economic importance, ecological requirements, current production status in Kenya and production constraints.
Effect of Potassium and Boron on Growth, Yield and Economics of Cowpea
Authors: Sushma Chigurupati , Dawson Joy , Swaroop Buriga Teja
Published: July 2023

The treatments consist of Potassium (40, 50, 60 kg/ha) and Boron (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 kg/ha) along with control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. Application of Potassium 60kg/ha and Boron 1.0kg/ha (treatment 9) in cowpea was recorded significantly higher Plant height (49.41cm), more number of nodules/plant (29.23), maximum plant dry weight (18.02g/plant), maximum no. of Pods/plant (15.4), seeds/pod (11.67), higher Test weight (21.83 g), Seed yield (1.26 t/ha), stover yield (3.62 t/ha), harvest index (35.29 %), higher gross returns (INR 63,000.00/ha), net return (INR 40,133.00/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.76) was obtained in the treatment 9 [Potassium 60kg/ha + Boron 1.0kg/ha].
Application of Different Dehydration Technology on Chrysanthemum for Quality Dry Flower Production under Terai Region of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mandal Manas , Ashok Yegireddy , Khan Arpita Mandal , Sarkar Indrajit , Jana Jagadish Chandra , Paul Prodyut Kumar , Mondal Somnath , Maitra Soumen , Sarkar Anamay , Kishore Bellapakonda Goutham , Sinha Trisha
Published: July 2023

Flower is an integral part of human life and day by day the demand is increasing throughout the world. Though fresh flowers look attractive and become scented but it can’t be stored for long time, so, dry flower is the substitute of fresh flowers. Dry flowers are easy tohandle and it can be stored for a long time, hence, available for year roundsupply and post-harvest losses are very low.Twenty three different techniques can be applied for dry flower production, such as - Sun drying, shade drying, sand drying, silicagel drying, borax drying, corn meal drying, alum drying, glycerol drying, hot air oven drying, embedded drying in hot air oven, solar cooker dryingand embedded drying in solar cooker. The colours of initial fresh flowers were matched with RHS (Royal Horticulture Society) Colour Chart and observed as -Yellow group 7(A) and finalcoloursof dried flowers were observedas - T1 (22-B), T2 (15-D), T5 (22-B), T8 (14-C), T9 (15-B), T18 (19-A), T20 (22-A), T21 (18-C), T22 (18-B) meant Yellow orange group and T3 (13-B), T16 (13-B), T4 (11-A), T6 (9-B), T11 (9-B), T7 (13-C), T14 (13-C), T10 (10-A), T12 (8-A), T13 (12-A), T15 (12-A) meant Yellow group. Last two treatments like T17 (163-A) and T23 (162-A) showed Grey orange group. Maximum reduction infresh weight was noticed under T10(1.35g) treatment and minimum with T8(0.35g) treatment. The minimum days required for drying wasobserved under T5(4.17days) and T7(4.17days) treatments and maximum days requiredby T2(22.17days) treatment. Least moisture reduction in the finished product was observed in T8 (31.41%) whereas the moisture reduction was found highest inT10 [89.21(70.83)%] treatment.
From Environment to Gene Expression: Epigenetics and the Development of Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Hernandez Jennings
Published: July 2023

Psychiatric disorders have multifaceted origins, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute significantly to their development. In recent times, researchers have emphasized the role of epigenetic mechanisms as the underlying molecular foundation for how environmental factors influence biological processes. Consequently, the field of epigenetics has gained growing prominence within the realm of psychiatry as a means to understand these intricate connections. This qualitative research paper explores the role of epigenetics in mental health disorders, focusing on the impact of environmental factors on gene expression. By examining the complex interplay between nature and nurture, the study provides insights into the influence of epigenetic modifications on psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We performed semi-structured interviews with a broad range of psychiatric, genetic, and epigenetic specialists. In order to find pertinent studies looking at how epigenetic changes affect psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and PTSD, a systematic literature analysis was carried out. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential implications of epigenetic research for personalized treatment approaches and early intervention strategies. Through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative analysis of expert interviews, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between epigenetics and mental health.
Ventricular Arrest With a Duration of 23.8 Seconds
Authors: Zhou Zhongzheng , Long Yi , Li Yong
Published: July 2023

This case report describes a patient in their late 40s undergoing a surgical procedure and experiencing a 23.8-second ventricular asystole.
Comparison of History of Present Illness Summaries Generated by a Chatbot and Senior Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Nayak Ashwin , Alkaitis Matthew S. , Nayak Kristen , Nikolov Margaret , Weinfurt Kevin P. , Schulman Kevin
Published: July 2023

This prognostic study assesses the ability of a chatbot to write a history of present illness compared with senior internal medicine residents.
Association Between Self-Reported Health and Reliance on Veterans Affairs for Health Care Among Veterans Affairs Enrollees
Authors: Rose Liam , Schmidt Anna , Gehlert Elizabeth , Graham Laura A. , Aouad Marion , Wagner Todd H.
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study using survey data investigates the association between level of reliance on the Department of Veterans Affairs for health care and self-reported health by type of insurance coverage among VA enrollees.
Effectiveness of an assurance scheme for wild‐shot game meat products in promoting a voluntary transition from the use of lead to non‐lead ammunition for hunting
Authors: Green Rhys E.
Published: July 2023

A consensus has emerged in the United Kingdom that a transition away from the use of lead ammunition for hunting game animals would be desirable to reduce harm that lead causes to wildlife and the market for healthy game meat products. Voluntary methods to achieve this transition are preferred by hunters' organisations and the UK Government, though statutory regulation is also being considered.

Voluntary transition methods include provision of advice to hunters by their non‐governmental organisations and moves by the game meat trade to switch to supplying only wild‐shot game products from animals killed using non‐lead ammunition.

In this paper, I address the effectiveness of the practical implementation of a widely promoted wild‐shot game meat product assurance scheme by asking commercial stockists of game meat listed on the scheme's website about the demand for lead‐free game, their current labelling of products and the usefulness of the scheme's register of lead‐free shoots in helping them to source game shot using non‐lead ammunition. Responses were received from 39 stockists.

Few respondents considered that there is currently significant demand for lead‐free game meat products, though more than one‐third thought that future growth in demand was probable. Few respondents currently sell products labelled as lead‐free. Only one respondent had found the register of lead‐free shoots useful and several were unaware of its existence.

Based on this evidence and a review of progress with other voluntary initiatives, I conclude that substantial improvements in their effectiveness are needed if the benefits of a transition are to be achieved without statutory regulation.
Integration Plasma Strategy Controlled Interfacial Chemistry Regulation Enabling Planar Lithium Growth in Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Sun Shiyi , Wang Jianan , Zong Shirong , Ma Qianyue , Li Huanxin , Chen Xin , Cui Xiangming , Yang Kai , Cai Qiong , Zhao Yunlong , Yan Wei
Published: July 2023

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are identified as a highly promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices, yet they still face uncontrollable dendritic lithium (Li) growth originating from interfacial incompatibility. To address this issue, an “integration plasma (IP)” strategy for interlayer construction is proposed that integrates metal reduction and vapor deposition functions, featuring the ability to give a manipulable and quantifiable chemical regulation for controlling the surface concentration (Csurface) and the atomic ratio of the introduced metal element and electronegative element (ARE/M) on solid‐state electrolyte (SSE). This IP‐formed interlayer can in situ react with Li anode to synchronously produce metal‐Li alloy, Li salt and amorphous carbon, thus offering an “integrated function” to promote a spherical and hexagonal Li growth, preventing the dendrite propagation from SSE. When Csurface of metal elements and corresponding ARE/M is regulated as ≈1.13 nmol cm‐2 and ≈2.6, the IP‐modified SSE prolongs the lifespan of SSLMBs with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode to over 1000 cycles with a low‐capacity attenuation of 0.03% per cycle, highlighting the multiply functions of IP to accelerate the practical application of SSLMBs.
Target Therapy for Buried Interface Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with 25.05% Efficiency
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Bi Leyu , Fu Qiang , Li Bolin , Wang Junwei , Jeong Sang Young , Feng Kui , Ma Suxiang , Liao Qiaogan , Lin Francis R. , Woo Han Young , Lu Linfeng , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Guo Xugang
Published: July 2023

The buried interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is pivotal for achieving high efficiency and stability. However, it is challenging to study and optimize the buried interface due to its non‐exposed feature. Here, a facile and effective strategy is developed to modify the SnO2/perovskite buried interface by passivating the buried defects in perovskite and modulating carrier dynamics via incorporating formamidine oxalate (FOA) in SnO2 nanoparticles. Both formamidinium and oxalate ions show a longitudinal gradient distribution in the SnO2 layer, mainly accumulating at the SnO2/perovskite buried interface, which enables high‐quality upper perovskite films, minimized defects, superior interface contacts, and matched energy levels between perovskite and SnO2. Significantly, FOA can simultaneously reduce the oxygen vacancies and tin interstitial defects on the SnO2 surface and the FA+/Pb2+ associated defects at the perovskite buried interface. Consequently, the FOA treatment significantly improves the efficiency of the PSCs from 22.40% to 25.05% and their storage‐ and photo‐stability. This method provides an effective target therapy of buried interface in PSCs to achieve very high efficiency and stability.
UV‐Curing‐Enhanced Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence Materials
Authors: Liang Yimeng , Liu Man , Wang Tiantian , Mao Jiayi , Wang Lichang , Liu Dongzhi , Wang Tianyang , Hu Wenping
Published: July 2023

Amorphous organic long‐persistent luminescence materials (OLPLMs) can realize simpler solution processing and large‐area uniform luminescence, where the luminescent properties are significantly influenced by the rigid environment. However, research on utilizing the rigidity to promote long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) properties of amorphous OLPLMs is still relatively rare due to the lack of an unambiguous and effective strategy to construct the rigid environment. Here, a universal strategy is proposed to enhance the LPL performance of organic host–guest doping systems by UV curing, which utilizes the rigid environment constructed by UV curing to promote the interaction between host and guest, thus inducing a generation of materials with highly efficient LPL performance. This solution‐processable, large‐area, and “easy‐to‐realize” material fabrication strategy can make amorphous OLPLMs show broader application prospects in some fields, such as anti‐counterfeiting, nondestructive detection, and pattern marking or indication.
A case of LSS‐associated congenital nuclear cataract with hypotrichosis and literature review
Authors: Guo Dongwei , Zhang Qingjiong
Published: July 2023

Congenital cataract is the most common cause of lifelong visual loss in children worldwide, which has significant genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. The LSS gene encodes lanosterol synthase (LSS), which acts on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway by converting (S)‐2,3‐oxidosqualene to lanosterol. The biallelic pathogenic variants in the LSS gene were found in congenital cataract, Alopecia‐intellectual disability syndrome, hypotrichosis simplex, and mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma. In this study, we reported the first congenital nuclear cataract combined with hypotrichosis in a 12‐year‐old boy with biallelic LSS variants (c.1025T>G; p.I342S and c.1531_1532insT; p.L511Ffs*17) by exome sequencing. Reviewing all reported patients with LSS variants indicated that p.W629 might be a hotspot for hypospadias and p.I342S was associated with congenital cataract. Patients with one or two truncation variants tend to have multisystem symptoms compared with those with two missense variants. These findings deepen the understanding of LSS variants and contribute to the genetic counseling of affected families.
The normative nature of corporal punishment in Australia
Authors: Greeff Laetitia‐Ann
Published: July 2023

Corporal punishment (CP) is the most common and socially normative form of violence perpetrated against children and is legal in the home and some other settings in Australia. CP was made a common practice through its introduction by European settlers and Christian missionaries during colonisation. Furthermore, the defence of reasonable chastisement became part of the Australian common law in 1860 and is still used in some jurisdictions. Other jurisdictions have enacted criminal laws that have entrenched the defence in legislation. This article gives a brief historical overview of the origin of CP in the English common law, the defence of reasonable chastisement and how these concepts came to be entrenched in Australian law and culture. Moreover, this contribution examines the recognition of children's rights in international law and the significant global impact this has had in elevating the status of children. Then, this article analyses the current legal framework and the permissiveness of CP in Australian states and territories. Consequently, it is argued that states and territories ought to repeal legislation that permits CP, and all jurisdictions should insert a positive statement into civil laws that CP is no longer acceptable as a disciplinary measure.
Defluorinative Multi‐Functionalization of Fluoroaryl Sulfoxides Enabled by Fluorine‐Assisted Temporary Dearomatization
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Liang Yuchen , Ru Liying , Ye Sheng , Zhang Lei , Huang Xin , Bao Ming , Kong Lichun , Peng Bo
Published: July 2023

Owing to its unique physical properties, fluorine is often used to open up new reaction channels. In this report, we establish a cooperation of [5,5]‐rearrangement and fluorine‐assisted temporary dearomatization for arene multi‐functionalization. Specifically, the [5,5]‐rearrangement of fluoroaryl sulfoxides with β,γ‐unsaturated nitriles generates an intriguing dearomatized sulfonium species which is short‐lived but exhibits unusually high electrophilicity and thus can be instantly trapped by nucleophiles and dienes at a remarkably low temperature (−95 °C) to produce four types of valuable multi‐functionalized benzenes, respectively, involving appealing processes of defluorination, desulfurization, and sulfur shift. Mechanistic studies indicate that the use of fluorine on arenes not only circumvents the generally inevitable [3,3]‐rearrangement but also impedes the undesired rearomatization process, thus provides a precious space for constructing and elaborating the temporarily dearomatized fluorinated sulfonium species.
Pd(II)‐vermittelte Assemblierung einer Reihe von löslichen Diketopyrrolopyrrol‐Chromophor‐Stapeln**
Authors: Regeni Irene , Chowdhury Rituparno , Terlinden Kai , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Holstein Julian J. , Feldmann Sascha , Clever Guido H.
Published: July 2023

Es wird eine Strategie zur Stapelung von Diketopyrrolopyrrol‐Farbstoffen (DPP) vorgestellt, die auf einem nicht‐statistischen Ansatz zur metallosupramolekularen Selbstassemblierung beruht. Dazu wird das DPP‐Grundgerüst mit stickstoffbasierten Donoren ausgestattet, die bei Zugabe von Pd(II) Kationen die Bildung verschiedener diskreter Strukturen ermöglichen, welche sich durch die Anzahl der π‐gestapelten Chromophore unterscheiden. Ein Pd3L6‐Dreiring, eine heteroleptische Pd2L2L′2‐Anordnung, bestehend aus zwei sich kreuzenden DPPs (flankiert von zwei Carbazolen), und zwei bisher unbeschriebene, sich selbst durchdringende Motive (ein Pd2L3‐Dreifach‐ und ein Pd2L4‐Vierfachstapel) wurden erhalten und systematisch untersucht. Mit zunehmender Anzahl gestapelter Chromophore kommt es zu einer Rotverschiebung der UV/Vis‐Absorption und einer Abnahme der Emissionsintensität, mit Ausnahme der Verbindung Pd2L2L′2, die eine außergewöhnlich hohe Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeute von 51 % aufweist. Dies ist unüblich für Verbindungen, die offenschalige Metallionen enthalten, und lässt sich durch einen intramolekularen FRET‐Prozess erklären. Das modulare Design solcher löslicher Multi‐Chromophor‐Bausteine eröffnet Möglichkeiten für die Herstellung von Nanobauteilen und ‐materialien mit Anwendungen in den Bereichen Sensorik, Photo‐Redox‐Katalyse und Optik.
Engineering Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Chromophore Stacks from a Series of Pd(II)‐Based Ravels**
Authors: Regeni Irene , Chowdhury Rituparno , Terlinden Kai , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Holstein Julian J. , Feldmann Sascha , Clever Guido H.
Published: July 2023

A strategy to engineer the stacking of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes based on non‐statistical metallosupramolecular self‐assembly is introduced. For this, the DPP backbone is equipped with nitrogen‐based donors that allow for different discrete assemblies to be formed upon the addition of Pd(II), distinguished by the number of π‐stacked chromophores. A Pd3L6 three‐ring, a heteroleptic Pd2L2L′2 ravel composed of two crossing DPPs (flanked by two carbazoles), and two unprecedented self‐penetrated motifs (a Pd2L3 triple and a Pd2L4 quadruple stack), were obtained and systematically investigated. With increasing counts of stacked chromophores, UV/Vis absorptions red‐shift and emission intensities decrease, except for compound Pd2L2L′2, which stands out with an exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield of 51 %. This is extraordinary for open‐shell metal containing assemblies and explainable by an intra‐assembly FRET process. The modular design and synthesis of soluble multi‐chromophore building blocks offers the potential for the preparation of nanodevices and materials with applications in sensing, photo‐redox catalysis and optics.
Synthesis of metal‐containing Schiff based cyclomatrix polyphosphazene microspheres based on polyoxometalates and application in flame retardance for epoxy resin
Authors: Peng Chaohua , Xu Hui , Chen Guorong , Luo Weiang , Zeng Birong , Yuan Conghui , Xu Yiting , Dai Lizong
Published: July 2023

A novel kind of polyoxometalate (POM) ‐containing Schiff based polyphosphazene microspheres (PSPMs) were successfully prepared through the polycondensation between POM‐containing polyaldehyde and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane. The PSPMs attained excellent thermal stability and demonstrated good monodispersity with a diameter of about 400 nm. In this work, the fire resistance of PSPMs was investigated in the epoxy resin (EP) matrices. Notably, the PSPMs displayed good distribution in EP matrices. Therefore, the dynamic mechanical properties of EP/PSPMs composite were enhanced. After the addition of 4 wt% PSPMs, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the char yield at 750°C of the EP/PSPMs composite increased from 12.9 wt% (EP) to 29.0 wt% in nitrogen. And the composite attained a limiting oxygen index of 27.5% and passed the UL‐94V‐1 rating. In comparison with that of pure EP, the peak value of the heat release rate and total smoke production decreased dramatically. Meanwhile, the toxic CO gas was largely reduced due to the reduction reaction of POM during the combustion process. To further illuminate the flame‐retardant mechanism, the char residues and gaseous pyrolysis products of EP/PSPMs were examined. This work may provide a new perspective for the synthesis and application of functional metal‐containing polymer microspheres.
Fuzzy‐model‐based robust control of Markov jump nonlinear systems with incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts
Authors: Xu Zeyuan , Shi Shaolong , Er Meng Joo , Hu Zhijian
Published: July 2023

Interval type‐2 fuzzy Markov jump systems (IT2FMJSs) have received much attention because they can well describe complex nonlinear systems with uncertainties and stochastic system mode switching. However, the transition probabilities of fuzzy MJSs (FMJSs) have been assumed to be completely known, limiting real‐world applications of existing results. Different from the previous studies, transition probabilities between system modes switching are partially unknown, and packet dropouts of data transmission are uncertain in this study. Compared with the previous studies, the main advantages of this work are as follows: (1) To analyze stochastic stability and reduce conservatism of existing approaches, a novel Lyapunov function that depends on both system mode and fuzzy basis function is constructed; (2) the existence of a mode‐dependent and fuzzy‐basis‐dependent state feedback controller is revealed; (3) stochastic stability of closed‐loop system with a desired
performance is established, and the problem of incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts has been completely addressed. An illustrative example of a robot arm is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control strategy. By virtue of the proposed strategy, the effects of incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts on IT2FMJSs have been completely alleviated.
Circuits underlying social function and dysfunction
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Yueh Hannah , Chau Mirabella , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy , O'Reilly Kally C.
Published: July 2023

Substantial advances have been made toward understanding the genetic and environmental risk factors for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with social impairment as a core feature. In combination with optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to manipulate neural circuits in vivo, it is now possible to use model systems to test how specific neural circuits underlie social function and dysfunction. Here, we review the literature that has identified circuits associated with social interest (sociability), social reward, social memory, dominance, and aggression, and we outline a preliminary roadmap of the neural circuits driving these social behaviors. We highlight the neural circuitry underlying each behavioral domain, as well as develop an interactive map of how these circuits overlap across domains. We find that some of the circuits underlying social behavior are general and are involved in the control of multiple behavioral aspects, whereas other circuits appear to be specialized for specific aspects of social behavior. Our overlapping circuit map therefore helps to delineate the circuits involved in the various domains of social behavior and to identify gaps in knowledge.
Structure‐switching aptasensors for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A
Authors: Fan Yao‐Yao , Wen Jie , Li Jun , Yang Xiao‐Wen , Zhang Lu , Zhang Zhi‐Qi
Published: July 2023

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite commonly found in various foods and feedstuffs. Accurate and sensitive detection of OTA is needed for food safety and human health. Based on a common OTA‐binding aptamer (OTABA), two structure‐switching OTABAs, namely OTABA4 and OTABA3, were designed by configuring a split G‐quadruplex and a split G‐triplex, respectively, at the two ends of OTABA to construct aptasensors for the detection of OTA. The OTABA, G‐quadruplex, and G‐triplex all can capture the thioflavin T (ThT) probe, thereby enhancing the fluorescence intensity of ThT. Bonding with OTA could change the conformations of OTABA and G‐quadruplex or G‐triplex regions, resulting in the release of the captured ThT and diminution of its fluorescence intensity. Dual conformation changes in structure‐switching OTABA synergistically amplified the fluorescence signal and improved the sensitivity of the aptasensor, especially for that with OTABA3. The detection limits of the OTABA4‐ThT and OTABA3‐ThT systems for OTA were 0.28 and 0.059 ng ml−1, with a 1.4‐fold and 6.7‐fold higher sensitivity than that of the original OTABA‐ThT system, respectively. They performed well in corn and peanut samples and met the requirements of the food safety inspections.
Consider implications of ruling that deemed gifted student eligible for testing modifications
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: July 2023

A  New York federal court granted a preliminary injunction   to a gifted student with learning disabilities and attention    deficit hyperactivity disorder, holding that the National Board of Medical Examiners had to provide the student with double time for the Step 1 U.S. Medical Licensing Examination. The court rejected the NBME's argument that the student wasn’t an individual with a disability due to his academic success. (Sampson v. Nat’l Bd. of Med. Exam’rs, 22‐CV‐05120 (E.D.N.Y. 2022).
Review recent OCR rulings involving service animals
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education professionals with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition on cancer events: A pooled, post hoc, competing risk analysis of alirocumab clinical trials
Authors: Mohammadi Kusha A. , Brackin Taylor , Schwartz Gregory G. , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Szarek Michael , Manvelian Garen , Pordy Robert , Fazio Sergio , Geba Gregory P.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Assess the risk of new and worsening cancer events among participants who received the lipid‐lowering therapy alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor.

Design

Pooled post hoc analysis.

Setting

Six phase 3 or phase 4 placebo‐controlled randomised trials with alirocumab.

Participants

A total of 24,070 patients from the safety population with complete dosing data (alirocumab, n = 12,533; placebo, n = 11,537).

Intervention

Alirocumab 75 mg, alirocumab 150 mg, alirocumab 75 mg increasing to 150 mg if low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dL not achieved, or placebo, all every 2 weeks. All participants received background high‐intensity or maximum‐tolerated statin therapy.

Outcomes and Measures

The first new or worsening incident cancer events were assessed during the treatment‐emergent adverse event period. Four outcomes were evaluated: any‐neoplasm, malignant neoplasms, broad definition of hormone‐sensitive cancers, and stricter definition of hormone‐sensitive cancers. Sub‐distribution hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a competing risk framework, with death as a competing risk.

Results

Considering both treatment arms in aggregate, 969 (4.03%), 779 (3.24%), 178 (0.74%) and 167 (0.69%) patients developed any neoplasm, malignant neoplasms, broad definition of hormone‐sensitive cancer and strict definition of hormone‐sensitive cancer events, respectively. There was no significant difference in the risk of having any neoplasm in the alirocumab versus the placebo group (sub‐distribution hazards ratio [95% CI], 0.93 [0.82–1.1]; p = 0.28). A nominally lower risk of having any neoplasms with alirocumab was observed among subjects aged ≥64 years (sub‐distribution hazards ratio 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70–0.99).

Conclusions

Intensive low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor combined with statin does not appear to increase the risk of new or worsening cancer events.
Uninvited guest, Balantidium coli in urine in a patient with bladder cancer: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Farmani Farnaz , Soleimani Neda , Razeghi Mohammad , Zamani Amir , Mohammadzadeh Sahand , Soleimani Davoud
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

In contrast to intestinal balantidiasis, which is widespread throughout the world, urinary balantidiasis is uncommon. It often affects people with underlying diseases, and acute infections may be fatal. Even though urine is not typical for this parasite, specific morphologic characteristics can aid in accurate diagnosis.

Balantidium coli is a ciliated protozoan which can infect intestinal system. Urinary balantidiasis is an extremely rare infection that may cause serious issues in patients with underlying diseases. Herein, we present a case of urinary balantidiasis in a patient with bladder cancer.
Hydrofluorination of Alkynes: From (E) to (Z)
Authors: Gauthier Raphaël , Paquin Jean‐François
Published: July 2023

The hydrofluorination of alkynes is an efficient synthetic route to monofluoroalkenes or difluoroalkanes. Both fluorinated motifs have found applications in medicinal chemistry and beyond. This review explores the recent advances in the hydrofluorination of diverse alkynes through various activation methods, from classical coinage metal catalysis to metal‐free conditions. The range of alkynes goes from the simplest unactivated alkynes to activated ones (ynones and derivatives, ynamides, alkynyl sulfides and sulfones as much as haloalkynes). Regio‐ and stereoselective methods exists, but there is still room for improvement depending on the type of alkyne.
Molecular Recognition of Aromatics in Spherical Nanocages
Authors: Martí‐Rujas Javier , Elli Stefano , Zanotti Alessandro , Famulari Antonino , Castiglione Franca
Published: July 2023

In general, due to the lack of efficient specific molecular interactions, achieving host–guest molecular recognition inside large and neutral metal–organic cages (MOCs) is challenging. Preferential molecular recognition of aromatics using the internal binding sites of interlocked icosahedral (i. e., spherical) M12L8 MOCs within poly‐[n]‐catenane (1) is reported. The guest absorption was monitored directly in the solid‐state by consecutive single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) reactions in a gas‐solid environment, in single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) experiments. The preferential guest uptake was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations by determining the host–guest interaction energy (Ehost–guest) with a nitrobenzene (NB)≫p‐xylene (p‐xy)≫o‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB) trend (i. e., from 44 to 25 kcal mol−1), assessing the XRD outcomes. Combining SC‐XRD, DFT and solid‐state 13C NMR, the exceptional stability of the M12L8 cages, together with the guest exchange/release properties were rationalized by considering the presence of mechanical bonds (efficient π–π interactions) and by the pyridine's rotor‐like behaviour (with 3 kcal mol−1 rotational energy barrier). The structure–function properties of M12L8 makes 1 a potential candidate in the field of molecular sensors.
HIPLZ: Enabling performance portability for exascale systems
Authors: Zhao Jisheng , Bertoni Colleen , Young Jeffrey , Harms Kevin , Sarkar Vivek , Videau Brice
Published: July 2023

While heterogeneous computing has emerged as a dominant trend in current and future High‐Performance Computing (HPC) systems, it is also widely recognized that this shift has led to increased software complexity due to a proliferation of programming systems for different heterogeneous processors. One such example is the Heterogeneous‐Compute Interface for Portability from AMD (HIP ), which is composed of a C Runtime API and C++ Kernel Language. Many HPC applications will likely use HIP on future exascale systems (e.g., Frontier and El Capitan), but HIP currently only targets AMD and NVIDIA processors. This limitation creates challenges for users who would also like to run their applications on exascale systems based on other architectures (e.g., Aurora, which is based on Intel hardware) that are currently not targeted by HIP . In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of HIPLZ , a compiler and runtime system that uses the Intel Level Zero API to support HIP on Intel GPU architectures. We discuss the design of HIPLZ , derived from HIPCL (an implementation of HIP on top of OpenCL ), and portability issues that occur from using the Level Zero runtime as a backend. We evaluate our implementation by running several performance benchmarks and mini‐apps written in HIP on Intel architectures using HIPLZ . Our results show that this approach provides competitive performance relative to Intel's OpenCL implementations on Intel Gen9 and UHD Graphics 770 GPUs, while providing good coverage of features needed by HPC applications. Overall, this approach is a promising demonstration of enabling performance portability for exascale systems.
Evidence of effectiveness of specialist supportive clinical management for anorexia nervosa in routine clinical practice: Outcomes from a clinical case series
Authors: Purvis Francesca , Thorpe Alexandra , Turner Hannah , Lawrence Pete
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study provides a preliminary report on the effectiveness of Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM) in a clinical case series of adults with anorexia nervosa, to supplement evidence of efficacy from controlled trials.

Method

Body mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptoms, mood and anxiety were measured at the start and end of treatment for 42 adults who received SSCM in a community eating disorders service.

Results

Significant improvements were observed on all outcome measures, with larger effect sizes for symptom change than BMI. Recovery rates appear similar to those in clinical trials.

Discussion

The study offers preliminary support for the effectiveness of SSCM in routine settings and identifies several areas for further research.