bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El papel de los municipios en la expansión de la red de edificios escolares públicos en España, 1920-1937
Authors: García Salmerón María del Pilar
Published: January 2020

El propósito de modernización y de universalización de la enseñanza primaria en España emprendido por el Estado a comienzos del siglo XX exigía la construcción de miles de edificios escolares. Hasta 1920 esta tarea era de competencia municipal, aunque la generalizada penuria de las arcas municipales no permitía la resolución del asunto. Durante la década de los años veinte y treinta del siglo pasado el Estado se involucró firmemente en la construcción de nuevas escuelas, aunque requirió la iniciativa y cooperación de los municipios. El análisis de las fórmulas de colaboración entre el Estado y los municipios españoles para conseguir el mayor incremento de edificios escolares logrado hasta entonces dentro del sistema educativo español constituye el contenido de este artículo.
A educación, compromiso e responsabilidade dos concellos democráticos en Galicia (1978-2018)
Authors: Pose Porto Héctor , Caride Gómez José Antonio
Published: January 2020

Coa vontade explícita de alentar a construción dun novo país en nome do desenvolvemento e da democracia local, o texto que se presenta sitúa os seus argumentos nunha lectura histórica do quefacer educativo municipal en Galicia, dende os últimos anos da década dos setenta do pasado século ata a actualidade (1978-2018). Sendo así, os seus contidos articúlanse arredor de catro eixes temáticos principais: a tensión entre o local e o global na emerxencia dun novo escenario para a educación no tránsito cara ao século XXI; a acción-intervención educativa nos e dos concellos como un compromiso cívico, pedagóxico e político; as competencias municipais en materia educativa na complicada concreción das palabras en feitos; a misión educadora dos concellos atendendo a distintas perspectivas e iniciativas da acción-intervención educativa, dende a infancia ata a vellez, nas institucións escolares e nun amplo conxunto de axentes, entidades e organizacións comunitarias.
Mirella D’Ascenzo. Per una storia delle scuola all’aperto in Italia
Authors: Otero Urtaza Eugenio Manuel
Published: January 2020

As escolas ao aire libre foron unha creación moi innovadora nos primeiros anos do século XX. Apareceron nun contexto de loita contra a enfermidade infantil, especialmente a tuberculose, e tiveron no pediatra alemán Adolf Baginsky o seu primeiro defensor.
María del Mar del Pozo Andrés (coord.). Madrid, ciudad educadora, 1898-1938. Memoria de la escuela pública. Ensayos en torno a una exposición
Authors: Costa Rico Antón
Published: January 2020

Crónica da exposición gráfica e informativa sobre o patrimonio do Concello de  Madrid relativo ao sistema escolar público durante o período de tempo que vai desde 1898, momento da perda definitiva das últimas colonias españolas, ate o non menos tráxico e posterior de 1938, na antesala da derrota definitiva da Segunda República en 1939.
Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic and recurrent pain abdomen
Authors: Jagarlamudi Tejaswi , Ul Hassan Mir Mohammed Noor
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain of unknown origin represents a significant problem in surgical patients and poses a diagnostic dilemma. With advances in optics, laparoscopy allows visualisation of entire peritoneal cavity and further makes histological diagnosis possible. The rapidly increasing popularity of laparoscopy may be attributed to several factors including its applicability in both emergency and elective settings, high diagnostic yield, therapeutic management in the same setting, low patient morbidity, reduced hospital stays and expenditure. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic and recurrent pain abdomen.Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study on 50 patients who suffered from chronic and recurrent pain in abdomen for more than 3 months with inconclusive clinical or radiological diagnosis. All patients were subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy and findings were noted down. Therapeutic procedures were conducted at the same setting wherever indicated. Histopathological evaluation reports were followed up.Results: Out of 50 patients, laparoscopy established diagnosis in 44 patients, proving diagnostic efficacy at 88%. The most common finding at diagnostic laparoscopy was appendicitis (28%), followed by adhesions (24%). Other findings were tuberculosis (16%), pelvic inflammatory disease (8%), endometriosis (3%), partial torsion of ovarian cyst (4%), cholecystitis (2%). However, diagnostic laparoscopy showed normal study in 6 patients (12%). Appendicectomy followed by adhesiolysis were the most common procedures performed.Conclusions: Recurrent appendicitis is the most common cause of chronic and recurrent pain abdomen. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and effective modality for both diagnostic and therapeutic management of such patients.
Eleições presidenciais 2018 e gestão Bolsonaro: o não lugar da cultura
Authors: Coimbra Kary Emanuelle Reis , Morais Maria Dione Carvalho de
Published: January 2020

As inflexões no campo cultural, promovidas pela mudança de governo em 2019, no Brasil, despertam nossa atenção para o cenário atual das agendas de políticas públicas de cultura. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisamos os discursos dos Planos de Governo (PGs) dos(as) treze candidatos(as) à eleição para a presidência do país, em 2018, assim como de posicionamentos de governo do candidato eleito. A abordagem  qualitativa dos referidos discursos levou-nos a concluir pela situação tangencial do campo cultural tanto nos PGs quanto no governo atual, com riscos à institucionalização da gestão da cultura como política de Estado e à continuidade das políticas de sociabilidade democrática e de diversidade cultural, presentes na Constituição Federal de 1998, e instrumentalizada pelo Plano Nacional de Cultura e Sistema Nacional de Cultura.
Expropriação de direitos e o protagonismo judiciário: notas do tempo presente
Authors: Moura Jackeline da Silva , Macedo Ferreira Maria D'Alva
Published: January 2020

O processo histórico de consolidação da cidadania se confunde com o amadurecimento e desenvolvimento do capitalismo. A constituição de um aparato protecionista denominado Welfare State assegurou, pelo menos nos anos gloriosos do capitalismo, uma vivência efetiva dos direitos e, consequentemente, a consolidação da cidadania. No entanto, o agravamento da crise capitalista fez com que este sistema desmoronasse, processo vivenciado desde os anos 1970 em nível mundial e no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1990. Neste sentido, o Poder Judiciário sai de sua aparente apatia e passa a assumir um papel de protagonista frente a defesa dos direitos sociais, determinando o cumprimento de suas decisões pelo Executivo e Legislativo. Buscando discutir estes elementos, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a expropriação de direitos na contemporaneidade e o papel protagonista assumido pelo Judiciário. Conclui-se, portanto, que frente a impossibilidade de assegurar a cidadania historicamente conquistada, o Judiciário exerce seu protagonismo na defesa dos direitos sociais.
Crises econômicas no Brasil e as reformas/contrarreformas do Ensino Médio
Authors: Hilário Wesley Fernando de Andrade , Ziliani Rosemeire de Lourdes Monteiro
Published: January 2020

Este texto explicita a relação das crises da economia brasileira com as contrarreformas do Ensino Médio. Estabelece, em especial, uma relação possível com duas contrarreformas desse nível da escolarização, inscritas na Lei nº 9.394/2016 e Lei n. 13.415/2017, apontando para a tríplice educação-vida-trabalho promovido por elas. A crise econômica pela qual passou país em décadas anteriores e pela qual tem passado atualmente serviram como justificativas para a emergência das contrarreformas em questão, de modo que a escolarização tenha sido tratada como a solução possível para problemas que são históricos. O programa de cada uma delas impulsiona a constituição de subjetividades que importam ao modelo neoliberal de sociedade que potencialmente se apresenta e se materializa no conjunto de práticas governamentais e de governo da população, constituindo subjetividades alinhadas ao neoliberalismo.
Lindung nilai (Hedging) perspektif Islam: Komparasi Indonesia dan Malaysia
Authors: Suryani Suryani , Fathoni Muhammad Anwar
Published: January 2020

Islamic Hedging is one of the instruments in financial management that is used to reduce the risks associated with price and currency movements. But in a conventional perspective, hedging involves the use of controversial derivative instruments in Islamic view. The noble objective of this hedging has been misunderstood for profit only. Therefore, the concept of hedging needs further discussion because of various interpretations of the meaning of it. This study found that the concept of hedging according to Islam is different from the concept of conventional hedging. In addition, there are differences in the use of contracts in Islamic Hedging in Indonesia and Malaysia.
W dialogu z mistrzami albo jak rodzi się szkoła myślenia. Uwagi na marginesie lektury artykułu Ewy Marynowicz-Hetki „Szkoła myślenia: relacyjne procesy trwania i transformacji”
Authors: Kafar Marcin
Published: January 2020

W prezentowanym auto/biograficznym szkicu interesuje mnie mechanizm zawiązywania się relacji między redaktorem pracy zbiorowej (monografii) a autorami nadesłanych tekstów. W tym kontekście wyodrębniam opozycję tekstów „gorących” oraz tekstów „zimnych”, względem których redaktor pozostaje zdystansowany emocjonalnie i poznawczo. Biorąc za przykład tekstu „gorącego” jeden z artykułów Ewy Marynowicz-Hetki, opublikowany w czasopiśmie NOWIS, pokazuję, jakie skutki może wywołać jego lektura dla pojawienia się zalążków „szkoły myślenia” (termin ukuty przez Teresę Bauman).
Reflexões sobre terminologias utilizadas para definir o conforto térmico humano
Authors: Sousa Mayara Cynthia Brasileiro de , Leder Solange Maria
Published: January 2020

As revisões de literatura se justificam na necessidade periódica de apresentar para a comunidade científica uma síntese sobre o estado da arte em um campo específico do conhecimento. Tênues diferenças entre definições e métodos elevam a probabilidade de equívocos e inconsistências na análise e interpretação de resultados de pesquisas destacando-se, assim, a importância de esclarecer parâmetros e termos comumente utilizados, estabelecendo claramente significados e diferenças. Baseando-se nas considerações apresentadas, o objetivo deste artigo é, por meio de uma revisão narrativa literária, analisar, preferencialmente em artigos de periódicos de alto impacto, normas e livros; definições pertinentes ao estudo do conforto térmico humano e as implicações destas no delineamento das pesquisas. O estudo se inicia com uma visão geral sobre o conforto térmico humano, seguido por revisões de materiais publicados com enfoques nos temas: conforto térmico, neutralidade térmica, adaptação térmica e ambientes não homogêneos com abordagem na teoria da alliesthesia. Como resultado da revisão da literatura, tendo como filtro as palavras-chave “conforto térmico”, “neutralidade térmica” e “alliesthesia”, 55 publicações foram avaliadas, compondo as análises que integram o corpo deste trabalho. Não é objetivo desta revisão julgar os termos quanto a sua pertinência, mas sim, expressar as diferenças e as possíveis implicações dos seus usos. Observou-se que as distintas abordagens na disciplina do conforto térmico humano comprometem a comparação entre pesquisas e podem induzir a erros de intepretação. Destacam-se o uso inadequado do conforto térmico como sinônimo da neutralidade térmica; a associação de assimetrias térmicas unicamente com o desconforto térmico, ignorando o seu potencial hedônico; ou o não entendimento da adaptação térmica e sua relevância no conforto térmico.
Testes e verificação da aprendizagem da matemática escolar na escola primária paranaense (1930 – 1960)
Authors: Cecílio Waléria Adriana Gonçalez
Published: January 2020

Este estudo é fruto da tese de doutorado intitulada “Avaliação da Matemática Escolar: Contribuições da Pedagogia da Escola Nova”. O estudo, bibliográfico e documental, tem como objetivo apreender o papel dos testes, no processo de construção da verificação da matemática escolar. Para tanto, analisa-se a legislação e cinco livros didáticos que circularam na formação de professores e na escola primária entre as décadas de 1930 a 1960. Foi possível constatar que as práticas de testes matemáticos, adotadas no período de estudo, trouxeram para a cultura escolar elementos relevantes, como: o treino, a exatidão, a objetividade, a periodicidade, os diferentes tipos de questões, como: de lacuna, de seleção, de acasalamento, de diferença e identidade e ainda de verdade e falsidade.  Além disso, os resultados obtidos revelam a preocupação com o ensino corretivo das deficiências matemáticas e a adoção de critérios e processos que assegurem a objetividade na verificação do rendimento escolar.
PERAN POLA ASUH BAGI ANAK TERLANTAR DI PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK (PSAA) HARAPAN MAJELUK KOTA MATARAM NTB
Authors: Najib Abdul , Wardiana Rosita
Published: January 2020

Parenting for children is a highly transcendental thing in creating a young generation who has a mandate in social change. Children are the successors who will continue the leadership in the future. The existence of parenting is a behavioral pattern applied to children which is relatively consistent over time and is very influential in the formation of characteristics of children which the impact will be felt by the children either in aspect of positive or negative. Caregivers have a very big responsibility because the success of foster children is very dependent on coaching of caregivers. Therefore, the caregivers can act as a parent in giving the attention, affection and security, brothers in communicating with the children can solve the problems, the teachers in helping to learn, the service in helping to meet the needs of the children. Caregivers are people who play all roles of the orphanage to educate and direct the foster children. The orphanage environment collaborates with community and school teachers where the foster children attend school. Caregivers through foster parents are temporary, where the children must be immediately returned to the care of their parents. In carrying out its role as a caregiver, the social orphan age of children (PSAA) of Harapan Majeluk of Mataram does its job with patience and compassion, because besides acting as a caregiver, caregivers of socialorphanage of children(PSAA) of Harapan Majeluk of Mataram also roles as teachers.Keywords: Roles, Parenting, Waifs.
The Influence of Health Promotion Media With Bimanesse Local Language on Parents and Their Families Understanding about Characteristic of Drug User
Authors: Wulandari Ade
Published: January 2020

Background: The consumption of narcotics, psychotropic and addictive substances are increased among teenagers in Bima. Efforts to prevent and suppress drug trafficking and their abuse need to be implemented continuously through the process of education and information sharing among families who has teenagers. The use of local wisdom in health promotion can be done by using media with local language. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of delivering information about the characteristics of drug users using the local Bima Language booklet towards family knowledge. Methods: This study was conducted by using post-test only design that use control group with 30 respondents for each group. The data was obtained by observation and interview.The data analysis used a Nonparametric Test with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that there was no difference in understanding between respondents who read booklets in local Bima language and respondents who read booklets in Indonesian language with p = 0.058. Conclusion: The use of the Booklet in local Bima language has the same effect as the use of booklets in Indonesian language
Determinant Factors of Hypertension in pre-geriatric group (18-35 years old) in Surabaya
Authors: Wartiningsih Minarni
Published: January 2020

Background: Hypertension data based on age groups in Surabaya showed an increase in hypertension trends in the young age group. It is known that hypertension risk factors are gender, behavior or lifestyle, age, sex, race/ethnicity, genetics, effective stress management, and obesity. Of all these risk factors, behavioral factors or specifically referred to as lifestyle are closely related to hypertension morbidity in the aged 18-35 years. Objective: The aims of this study is to determine the determinants that most influence the incidence of hypertension in order to reduce the prevalence of hypertension at 18-35 years old in the western and eastern parts of the city of Surabaya. Method: This studi employed cross-sectional observational analysis using Chi Square and logistic regression. Sample of this studi were 404 respondents taken by Cluster Random Sampling, with inclusion criteria as follows: 18-35 years old, currently not in hypertension medication, never having a stroke and suffering from a heart condition. The respondent's blood pressure check is carried out before and after completing the questionnaire. Results: The results of research shows unfavorable behavior towards healthy lifestyle, smoking behavior, exercise, fast food consumption, stress, and sleep time have significant results on the incidence of hypertension. Of all factors, smoking behavior was the highest (p = 0,000; OR 14,366). Conclusion: To prevent an increase in the prevalence of hypertension in 18-35 years, it is necessary to implement regulation of non-smoking area.
Health Promotion Media To Behavior Change On Exclusive Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Nababan Sudarwati
Published: January 2020

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is a process of giving only breast milk to babies since they are born until they are six month old. Membramo Public Health Office reported that according to the health profile report from Kobakma Public Health Centre, the exclusive breastfeeding program has not achieved the national target, which is 80%, only 55,4% babies who got exclusive breastfeeding in 2015. The chairperson from Kobakma Public Health Centre states that one of the problem is the misunderstanding about breastmilk among mothers in the surroundin. They throw their breast milk away and feed their babies with formulated milk during the period of postpartum for three months. Purpose: This study is aimed to know the effect of counseling program using two sided flipchart on exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This study uses quasi experiment method with non equivalent control group. The samples of this study are mothers who have 0-6 month old babies and live in working area of Kobakma Public Health. 60 mothers are selected using purposive sampling technique. The Instrument of this study uses questionnaire, data ccollection was done by face to face method. The data was then analyzed using chi square and wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The result of this study shows significant difference in the improvement of knowledge, behaviour, and practice before and after the counseling program of the intervention group (p=0,000). Conclusion: The implementation of counseling program using two sided flipcharts is effective to improve mothers’ knowledge, behaviour and practice in exclusive breastfeeding.
Cultural value as the basis for the microfinance development of the Farmer’s Group Association
Authors: Huruta Bernard Edheney , Pratomo Yulius
Published: January 2020

This study aims to describe the form of local wisdom (cultural value) in rural microfinance — this study conducted from October until December 2018 in Wangga Village, East Sumba. A qualitative method was used to picture the phenomenon of local wisdom-based microfinance development in communities. The authors used in-depth interviews with eight informants from the Rinjung Pahamu Farmer’s Group Association. The eight informants were determined purposively. Also, the data collection was carried out through a focus group discussion with the Rinjung Pahamu Farmer’s Group Association. The results of the study show that the local wisdom experienced by the members of the Rinjung Pahamu Farmer’s Group Association was used to overcome the limited access to formal financial services. The forms of microfinance developed on the Island of Sumba could not be separated from the appreciation of the noble values (Marapu) adopted by the community, such as the philosophy of Pawandang, Hillu Kandutuku, and Rotu Padang. Furthermore, savings and loan activities carried out in the management of the Farmer’s Group Association always consider the aspects of justice and survival. Based on the successful experience of the Rinjung Pahamu Farmer’s Group Association, in the future, the cultural value as the basis for the microfinance development can be applied to other groups as a means to improve financial access among the poor, especially for those living in rural areas. Marapu’s belief that was adopted by the people in Wangga Village still used as the basis for carrying out various activities in people’s lives. Marapu’s view is the belief that the government acknowledges pride, and it strengthens the community to maintain survival and balance. It practised through the Pawandang, Hillu Kandutuku, and Rotu Padang activities.
The Sources on the History of Intellectual Heritage in Uzbekistan
Authors: Khamidovna Ziyayeva Dono
Published: January 2020

The research analyses the sources relating to intellectual heritage of Uzbekistan in XIX – early XX centuries. There has been given the classification and types of sources, their significance to disclose history of Uzbekistan. There have been involved sources in five categories that were written in eight languages and main libraries, manuscript and archive funds where the sources are stored.
Pengembangan Budaya Sekolah di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Buduran Sidoarjo
Authors: Abdillah Moh. Haidar
Published: January 2020

Education is a conscious and systematic effort in developing the potential of students. Education is an effort of the community and the nation in preparing its young generation for the survival of a better society and nation in the future. Sustainability is marked by cultural inheritance and character that has been owned by the people and nation.
This research is a type of qualitative research refers to a descriptive approach, while data collection techniques obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation will be analyzed through data reduction.
The results of this study are MIN Buduran Sidoarjo has developed the school culture in familiarizing / applying behavior, traditions, student activities (Study of student leadership, Dhuha Prayers and Dzuhur congregation regularly, PHBI, PORSENI, art performances, etc.). Daily habits are of positive value and are characteristic, character or character, and the image of the school in MIN Buduran Sidoarjo.
The conclusion of this study is that MIN Buduran has carried out the development of madrasah culture both in learning and positive daily habits, and is expected to teachers, parents, and students to be integrated into a tree in one that has a shared task and commitment to explore and nourish school culture. still exist and reach perfection. Madrasah culture will be fertile if parents are involved in supporting student activities.
Pengembangan Program Bahasa Berbasis Managemen Kepengasuhan di SMP MBS Pondok Pesantren AN NUR Penatar Sewu Tanggulangin Sidoarjo
Authors: Amrullah Muhlasin , Rezania Vanda
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is the development of caring-based language management, this research is classified as R & D (Research and Development) research which seeks to solve the problems the partners raised in this community service program are not all teachers who live in boarding school able to speak Arabic or English, or as a new boarding school SBM An Nur does not yet have a guide in the pattern of language application in boarding school  the condition of the lack of a good language management system so that it has not been able to encourage students and boarding school residents to speak Arabic or English, including media that have not been maximized. In this program will offer solutions that are expected to solve partner problems. The main method used is the development of language management systems in boarding school with caring based management. The results of this community service program are partners who have language management systems that are able to encourage students and boarding school residents to speak Arabic and English correctly
Upaya Peningkatan Kedisiplinan Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Karyanto Didit
Published: January 2020

Discipline is the attitude of the learner willingly to comply   and do  the rule in order to train themselves obey rules. Efforts to improve discipline starts from educators provide a good example when the learning process. Discipline is needed in learning, because it can help the learning process well, increasing the pleasure of students to learn, and help improve students' social relationships. The purpose of this study to reveal the efforts made through the learning of Islamic Education to improve the discipline of students in SMP HARAPAN  Tulangan. This study includes qualitative study whose data in the form of statements, sentences, and documents. By using a naturalistic approach to researching where natural (natural setting) and field (Field Research), to obtain the required data information researchers used the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data used in the form of triangulation analysis that includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. From the research conducted by researchers showed: 1) The discipline  of students of SMP HARAPAN has been good enough even though there are those who violate the rules. It still need to improve and reform the discipline of students so that they understand what is wrong even a little infractions. 2) The efforts of teacher  to improve discipline students use the order. For example, when there is student break the rule of school, especially PAI’s teachers have to follow up violations that done by learners to give direction, punishment, or reward that is commensurate to what which is conducted.
An evaluation of the dietary habits of English programme medical students in their first year of studies
Authors: Gawlikowska-Sroka Aleksandra , Dzięciołowska-Baran Edyta , Szczurowski Jacek , Szałowska-Bojarun Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Human nutrition depends on many factors. Cultural practices, socio-psychological and economic factors play important roles in development of correct nutrition patterns. Eating habits are formed most strongly during childhood and adolescence. When young people begin university study, their way of life changes significantly. In this study group, not only do the necessities of independent living and food preparation occur, but also a change the country of residence.

The aim of the study was to investigate the dietary habits of medical students of the English programme.

Materials and methods: The material consisted of data collected from an anonymous survey distributed among 1st year students of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (28 men and 52 women). The study used a questionnaire consisting of open and multi-choice questions concerning the anthropometric data of subjects and principles of nutrition. Data were analysed statistically.

Results: Obesity was generally not observed in the group of examined students. In most cases body mass index (BMI) remained in the normal range. Cases of obesity were observed only among the men. There were no significant differences between the men and women in terms of the regularity of meals. About 50% of the study population declared a regular consumption of 3 main meals a day. Significantly more women than men followed slimming diets. We did not observe significant differences between men and women in terms of activities concerned with controlling weight. Significantly more women than men had fruits and vegetables every day. Men more often consumed sweets, coffee and fast-food. Analysis of the results showed abnormal patterns in the quality and quantity of meals.

Conclusions: It is essential to introduce measures in the field of nutrition education into the curriculum in order to shape appropriate patterns of healthy nutrition among future doctors and thus prevent lifestyle diseases caused by inappropriate dietary habits.
Assessment of the Community Awareness and Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Human influenza in Wet-land Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Chekol Musse Tadesse , Teshome Bethel , Belayneh Rediet , Misganaw Ketema , Hassen Abdilhafiz , Tewolde Nega , Habtamu Luna
Published: January 2020

Background: The avian influenza virus has different subtypes which have the potential to cause disease in animals and humans. Human cases with influenza A (H5N1), A (H5N6) and A(H7N9) viruses, have been reported to WHO and various influenza A(H5) subtypes continue to be detected in birds globally. Little is known about the types of exposure that result in human infections. In Ethiopia, risk assessment studies were not conducted and the awareness of the community and the risk of exposure for potential avian influenza is undetermined. The aim off this survey is to assess the level of the community awareness and the risk for human exposure to avian influenza viruses (HPAI) in the wet land areas of Ethiopia.
Method: The survey was conducted from February - April 2018 in the wet land areas of Ethiopia by using a standard questionnaire and purposive random sampling method. Epi info version 7.0 and SPSS (V.20) were applied for data analysis.
Result: Of the total 200 respondents 94.7% don’t know about the mode of transmission and 43.5%, 27%, 16.9% of the respondents believed that HAI it transmitted by inhalation of air droplet (breathing), contact with ill person and eating raw poultry meat and egg products.36.2% of respondents believed that Human avian influenza is preventable by keeping hand hygiene, followed by respiratory hygiene (28%) and environmental hygiene (19.3%). However, 68.6% had close contact with animals (poultry) and high exposure to raw animal products.
Conclusion: The awareness level of the community in the mode of transmission, risk factors and preventive measures is very low while the exposure for infected birds, food products remaining high. Further risk assessment studies and community awareness creation on the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza is recommended.
Key words: Avian Influenza, Exposure, Ethiopia
The prophylactic effect of bovine colostrum on respiratory infection and diarrhea in formula-fed infants: a randomized trial
Authors: Chen Ke , Chen Haixia , Luo Jinwen , Zeng Chenggui , Dong Xiaobing , Zhou Min , Liu Changqi
Published: January 2020

Background It has been reported that regular consumption of bovine colostrum has a protective role for the gastrointestinal immunity of infants. However, not enough investigation has explored the prophylactic effect of bovine colostrum on the morbidity of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections in formula-fed infants. The purpose of the study is to explore the prophylactic effect of BC on morbidity of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections in formula-fed infants.Methods A total of 192 term infants aged 6 to 9 months, who were previously fully formula-fed after birth, were randomly recruited into this multi-centric, randomized, blank-controlled, opened, and post-marketing intervention study. Infants in the intervention group (IG) were given a commercially available bovine colostrum sachet once a day for 3 months while infants in the control group (CG) were not given the bovine colostrum sachet. The morbidity and duration of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections and the fecal IgA, calprotectin, and total fatty acid were monitored during the intervention.Result There was a lower incidence of loose stool [IG/CG rate ratio: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.09-0.67], increased stool frequency (0.30, 0.17-0.78), loss of appetite (0.28, 0.11-0.47), sneezing (0.22,0.07-0.69), upper respiratory infection (0.55, 0.32-0.88), and diarrhea (0.25, 0.09-0.61) and shorter duration of diarrhea for infants in IG than those in CG.Conclusion Bovine colostrum intervention for 3 months showed a potential prophylactic effect on respiratory infection and diarrhea in formula-fed infants. The present data may be applicable to other infants of similar socioeconomic status.
Increasing Organic Fertilizer and Decreasing Drip Chemical Fertilizer for Two Consecutive Years Improved the Fruit Quality of ‘Summer Black’ Grapes in Arid Areas
Authors: Zhao Fengyun , Jiang Yu , He Xiufeng , Liu Huaifeng , Yu Kun
Published: January 2020

The use of water-soluble chemical fertilizers for years under drip irrigation conditions results in soil compaction, fertility decline, and fruit quality decrease in arid areas. Currently, little research has been reported regarding the effects of increasing organic fertilizer and reducing drip chemical fertilizer on the growth of grape plants under different conditions in arid areas. In this study, five different treatments were conducted. Compared with no fertilizer for 3 consecutive years (CK) and single fertilizer for 3 consecutive years (T0), organic fertilizer plus 1 year of reducing drip chemical fertilizer (T1), organic fertilizer plus 2 years of reducing drip chemical fertilizer (T2), and organic fertilizer plus 3 years of reducing drip chemical fertilizer (T3) improved the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) values, and soil organic matter content to different degrees during early growth stages (15 days after anthesis) and mature stages (75 days after anthesis). The available N, P, and K contents in the T1 and T2 treatments increased significantly. With the T2 treatment, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the ‘Summer Black’ grapes were the largest during the two fruit expansion periods. The anthocyanin content of grape peel with the T2 treatment was 22.0% higher than that with the T0 treatment. The soluble solids, sugar–acid ratio, various sugar contents, vitamin C, and total phenol of the fruit increased significantly with the T2 treatment, indicating that the T2 treatment was best for promoting grape growth and fruit quality and that the T3 treatment was the second best.
Oxygen isotope fractionation between gypsum and its formation waters: Implications for past chemistry of the Kawah Ijen volcanic lake, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Sri Budhi , van Hinsberg Vincent J. , Ghaleb Bassam , van Dijk Arnold E.
Published: January 2020

Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) provides an opportunity to obtain information from both the oxygen isotopic composition of the water and sulfate of its formation waters, where these components are commonly sourced from different reservoirs (e.g., meteoric vs. magmatic). Here, we present δ18O values for gypsum and parent spring waters fed by the Kawah Ijen crater lake in East Java, Indonesia, and from these natural samples derive gypsum-fluid oxygen isotope fractionation factors for water and sulfate group ions of 1.0027 ± 0.0003‰ and 0.999 ± 0.001‰, respectively. Applying these fractionation factors to a growth-zoned gypsum stalactite that records formation waters from 1980 to 2008 during a period of passive degassing, and gypsum cement extracted from the 1817 eruption tephra fall deposit, shows that these fluids were in water-sulfate oxygen isotopic equilibrium. However, the 1817 fluid was >5‰ lighter. This indicates that the 1817 pre-eruption lake was markedly different, and had either persisted for a much shorter duration or was more directly connected to the underlying magmatic-hydrothermal system. This exploratory study highlights the potential of gypsum to provide a historical record of both the δ18Owater and δ18Osulfate of its parental waters, and provides insights into the processes acting on volcanic crater lakes or any other environment that precipitates gypsum.
Anomalies in the space of coupling constants and their dynamical applications II
Authors: Cordova Clay , Freed Daniel , Lam Ho Tat , Seiberg Nathan
Published: January 2020

We extend our earlier work on anomalies in the space of coupling
constants to four-dimensional gauge theories. Pure Yang-Mills theory
(without matter) with a simple and simply connected gauge group has a
mixed anomaly between its one-form global symmetry (associated with the
center) and the periodicity of the \thetaθ-parameter.
This anomaly is at the root of many recently discovered properties of
these theories, including their phase transitions and interfaces. These
new anomalies can be used to extend this understanding to systems
without discrete symmetries (such as time-reversal). We also study
SU(N)SU(N)
and Sp(N)Sp(N)
gauge theories with matter in the fundamental representation. Here we
find a mixed anomaly between the flavor symmetry group and the
\thetaθ-periodicity.
Again, this anomaly unifies distinct recently-discovered phenomena in
these theories and controls phase transitions and the dynamics on
interfaces.
KETRAMPILAN KEMAMPUAN BIMBINGAN ROHANI ISLAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MAHASISWA
Authors: Azizah Nur
Published: January 2020

Bimbingan Rohani Islam merupakan salah satu layanan yang harus diberikan untuk pasien, bisa dalam bentuk bimbingan dan motivasi bagi pasien dan keluarga secara rohani atau spiritual. Layanan spiritual memberikan tuntunan rohani dan untuk membantu meningkatkan motivasi untuk sembuh dan kesabaran selama menjalani perawatan atau pengobatan kepada pasien dan keluarga. Petugas atau pegawai Bimbingan Rohani Islam melakukan kunjungan secara rutin ke ruangan perawatan harus menyesuaikan kondisi pasien dan keluarganya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketrampilan kemampuan bimbingan rohani Islam untuk meningkatkan kualitas mahasiswa Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam (BKI) di Fakultas Dakwah IAIN Purwokerto.

Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen pra-eksperimen (pre-eksperimental), dengan populasi sebanyak 18 mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunkan angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan t-test.

Hasil penelitiannya bahwa Untuk analisis T Paired selalu N- 1. Di mana N adalah jumlah sampel. T = nilai t hitung: hasil 1,000: Harus dibandingkan dengan t tabel pada df 17. Apabila t hitung > t tabel: signifikan. Sig. (2-tailed): Nilai probabilitas/p value uji T Paired: Hasil = 0,063. Artinya: tidak ada perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Sebab: Nilai p value > 0,05 (95 % kepercayaan). Mean: -6,056. Bernilai Negatif: Artinya terjadi kecenderungan kenaikan pemahaman mahasiswa program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam sesudah perlakuan. Rata-rata kenaikannya adalah 3,039.
Effective removal of cefazolin from hospital wastewater by the electrocoagulation process
Authors: Esfandyari Yahya , Saeb Keivan , Tavana Ahmad , Rahnavard Aptin , Fahimi Farid Gholamreza
Published: January 2020

The present study evaluated the treatment of hospital wastewater by the electrocoagulation process using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of pH, voltage and reaction time on the removal efficiencies of the antibiotic cefazolin, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity were investigated. The results showed that by increasing reaction time and input voltage, the removal efficiency of pollutants was increased. The highest removal efficiency of cefazolin, COD, and turbidity occurred at neutral pH, which may have been related to the formation of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) flocs through the combination of aluminum released from the surface of the electrode and the hydroxide ions present in the solution. The conductivity of the treated wastewater at neutral to alkaline pH decreased compared to acidic pH, which may have been due to the adsorption of anions and cations from the solution by the Al(OH)3 flocs. The electrode and energy consumption in the present study was higher than in other studies, which may have been due to the high concentration of COD in and the turbidity of the solution.
Use of Small-molecule Inhibitory Compound of PERK-dependent Signaling Pathway as a Promising Target-based Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rozpędek Wioletta , Pytel Dariusz , Wawrzynkiewicz Adam , Siwecka Natalia , Dziki Adam , Dziki Łukasz , Diehl J. Alan , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: January 2020

Background:

Colorectal cancer constitutes one of the most common cancer with a high
mortality rate. The newest data has reported that activation of the pro-apoptotic PERK-dependent
unfolded protein response signaling pathway by small-molecule inhibitors may constitute an innovative
anti-cancer treatment strategy.

Objective:

In the presented study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the PERK-dependent unfolded
protein response signaling pathway small-molecule inhibitor 42215 both on HT-29 human colon
adenocarcinoma and CCD 841 CoN normal human colon epithelial cell lines.

Methods:

Cytotoxicity of the PERK inhibitor was evaluated by the resazurin-based and lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) tests. Apoptotic cell death was measured by flow cytometry using the FITCconjugated
Annexin V to indicate apoptosis and propidium iodide to indicate necrosis as well as by
colorimetric caspase-3 assay. The effect of tested PERK inhibitor on cell cycle progression was
measured by flow cytometry using the propidium iodide staining. The level of the phosphorylated
form of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha was detected by the Western blot technique.

Results:

Obtained results showed that investigated PERK inhibitor is selective only toward cancer
cells, since inhibited their viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced their apoptosis
and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, 42215 PERK inhibitor evoked significant inhibition of
eIF2α phosphorylation within HT-29 cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Highly-selective PERK inhibitors may provide a ground-breaking, anti-cancer treatment
strategy via activation of the pro-apoptotic branch of the PERK-dependent unfolded protein response
signaling pathway.
Tinea Capitis: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Hon Kam L. , Leong Kin F. , Barankin Benjamin , Lam Joseph M.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Tinea capitis is a common and, at times, difficult to treat, fungal infection of
the scalp.

Objective:

This article aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea
capitis.

Methods:

A PubMed search was performed in Clinical Queries using the key term “tinea capitis”. The
search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies,
and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature. The information retrieved from the
above search was used in the compilation of the present article.

:

Patents were searched using the key term “tinea capitis” at www.freepatentsonline.com.

Results:

Tinea capitis is most often caused by Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis. The
peak incidence is between 3 and 7 years of age. Non-inflammatory tinea capitis typically presents as
fine scaling with single or multiple scaly patches of circular alopecia (grey patches); diffuse or patchy,
fine, white, adherent scaling of the scalp resembling generalized dandruff with subtle hair loss; or single
or multiple patches of well-demarcated area (s) of alopecia with fine-scale, studded with broken-off
hairs at the scalp surface, resulting in the appearance of “black dots”. Inflammatory variants of tinea
capitis include kerion and favus. Dermoscopy is a highly sensitive tool for the diagnosis of tinea capitis.
The diagnosis can be confirmed by direct microscopic examination with a potassium hydroxide wetmount
preparation and fungal culture. It is desirable to have mycologic confirmation of tinea capitis
before beginning a treatment regimen. Oral antifungal therapy (terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole,
and fluconazole) is considered the gold standard for tinea capitis. Recent patents related to the management
of tinea capitis are also discussed.

Conclusion:

Tinea capitis requires systemic antifungal treatment. Although topical antifungal therapies
have minimal adverse events, topical antifungal agents alone are not recommended for the treatment of
tinea capitis because these agents do not penetrate the root of the hair follicles deep within the dermis.
Topical antifungal therapy, however, can be used to reduce transmission of spores and can be used as
adjuvant therapy to systemic antifungals. Combined therapy with topical and oral antifungals may increase
the cure rate.
Evaluation of Concrete Quality for Reinforced Concrete Frame Members Exposed to Natural Fires at Early Ages Using in situ Test Methods
Authors: Omer Muhammad I. , Jaf Dilshad K.
Published: January 2020

Background:

In recent years, numerous reinforced concrete buildings have been constructed in Iraq and some developing countries. Fire accidents occur in wooden formwork especially during the summer season due to problems associated with the construction procedure and on-site management. And fires can erupt during the construction stage of buildings.

Introduction:

Generally, if fire accidents occur in a wooden formwork, in these situations the concrete in the field is at an early age (i.e., “young”). The internal structure and chemical composition of early-age concrete are different from that of the carrier due to incomplete hydration at an early age. This study aimed to evaluate the strength of reinforced concrete frames at early ages when exposed to natural fire. The evaluation of existing buildings is an important issue that involves researchers and engineers in many countries.

Methods:

The experimental program consisted of constructing three full-scale reinforced concrete frames that are then exposed to natural fire. When the concrete age reaches three and five days by firing its formwork, the concrete quality of the structure was evaluated via ultrasonic pulse velocity as a nondestructive measurement. Core test was used as a destructive technique to implement a relationship between compressive strength and nondestructive measurements

Results:

The results showed that the frame exposed to natural fire early was generally more affected than the other frame, and its compressive strength was reduced close to 33%. The results also showed that the ultrasonic pulse velocity test for the structural elements was smaller than those of the core test

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the current assessment methodology must be evaluated to provide practical suggestions that can enhance the reliability of assessing the in situ strength of existing concrete structures by nondestructive tests and cores.