bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Retained Austenite on the Mechanical Properties of Bainitic and Dual Phase Steels
Authors: Adamczyk-Cieślak Bogusława , Koralnik Milena , Kuziak Roman , Majchrowicz Kamil , Zygmunt Tomasz , Mizera Jarosław
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the microstructural changes and mechanical properties of carbide-free bainitic steel subjected to various heat treatment processes and compares these results with similarly treated ferritic–pearlitic steel. A key feature of the investigated steel, which is common among others described in the literature, is that the Si content in the developed steel was >1 wt.% to avoid carbide precipitation in the retained austenite during the bainitic transformation. The phase identification before and after various heat treatment conditions was carried out based on microstructural observations and x-ray diffraction. Hardness measurements and tensile tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the investigated materials. In addition, following the tensile tests, the fracture surfaces of both types of steels were analyzed. Changing the bainitic transformation temperature generated distinct volume fractions of retained austenite and different values of mechanical strength properties. The mechanical properties of the examined steels were strongly influenced by the volume fractions and morphological features of the microstructural constituents. It is worth noting that the bainitic steel was characterized by a high ultimate tensile strength (1250 MPa) combined with a total elongation of 18% after austenitizing and continuous cooling. The chemical composition of the bainitic steel was designed to obtain the optimal microstructure and mechanical properties after hot deformation followed by natural cooling in still air. Extensive tests using isothermal transformation to bainite were conducted to understand the relationships between transformation temperature and the resulting microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture characteristics. The isothermal transformation tests indicated that the optimal relationship between the sample strength and total elongation was obtained after bainitic treatment at 400 °C. However, it should be noted that the mechanical properties and total elongation of the bainitic steel after continuous cooling differed little from the condition after isothermal transformation at 400 °C.
Gender Influences on Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Hung Nicole J. , Wong Stephanie E.
Published: January 2022

Purpose of Review

As the incidence of shoulder arthroplasty continues to increase, there is growing interest in patient-based factors that may predict outcomes. Based on existing literature demonstrating gender-based disparities following total hip and knee arthroplasty, gender may also influence shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent literature on the influence of gender on shoulder arthroplasty, focusing on differences in preoperative parameters, perioperative complications, and postoperative outcomes.

Recent Findings

While both female and male patients generally benefit from shoulder arthroplasty, several differences may exist in preoperative factors, acute perioperative complications, and postoperative outcomes. Preoperatively, female patients undergo shoulder arthroplasty at an older age compared to their male counterparts. They may also have greater levels of preoperative disability and different preoperative expectations. Perioperatively, female patients may be at increased risk of extended length of stay, postoperative thromboembolic events, and blood transfusion. Postoperatively, female patients may achieve lower postoperative functional scores and decreased range of motion compared to male patients. Differences in postoperative functional scores may be influenced by gender-based differences in activities of daily living. Finally, female patients may be at greater risk for periprosthetic fracture and aseptic loosening while male patients appear to be at greater risk for periprosthetic infection and revision surgery.

Current literature on the influence of gender on shoulder arthroplasty is limited and conflicting. Further research is necessary to delineate how gender affects patients at the pre- and postoperative levels to better inform decision-making and outcomes.
Hyperspectral Imaging for Clinical Applications
Authors: Yoon Jonghee
Published: January 2022

Measuring morphological and biochemical features of tissue is crucial for disease diagnosis and surgical guidance, providing clinically significant information related to pathophysiology. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques obtain both spatial and spectral features of tissue without labeling molecules such as fluorescent dyes, which provides rich information for improved disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in HSI systems have demonstrated its potential for clinical applications, especially in disease diagnosis and image-guided surgery. This review summarizes the basic principle of HSI and optical systems, deep-learning-based image analysis, and clinical applications of HSI to provide insight into this rapidly growing field of research. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical implementation of HSI techniques are discussed.
Powered-descent landing GNC system design and flight results for Tianwen-1 mission
Authors: Huang Xiangyu , Xu Chao , Hu Jinchang , Li Maodeng , Guo Minwen , Wang Xiaolei , Zhao Yu , Hua Baocheng , Wang Yunpeng
Published: January 2022

The powered-descent landing (PDL) phase of the Tianwen-1 mission began with composite backshell—parachute (CBP) separation and ended with landing-rover touchdown. The main tasks of this phase were to reduce the velocity of the lander, perform the avoidance maneuver, and guarantee a soft touchdown. The PDL phase overcame many challenges: performing the divert maneuver to avoid collision with the CBP while simultaneously avoiding large-scale hazards; slowing the descent from approximately 95 to 0 m/s; performing the precise hazard-avoidance maneuver; and placing the lander gently and safely on the surface of Mars. The architecture and algorithms of the guidance, navigation, and control system for the PDL phase were designed; its execution resulted in Tianwen-1’s successful touchdown in the morning of 15 May 2021. Consequently, the Tianwen-1 mission achieved a historic autonomous landing with simultaneous hazard and CBP avoidance.
Awareness and health risk protection behaviours of scavengers in the Gbalahi landfill site, Ghana, in the era of sustainable development
Authors: Nuripuoh Joseph Gyea , Duwiejuah Abudu Ballu , Bakobie Noel
Published: January 2022

Waste picking is a pivotal in achieving sustainable waste management, environment health and economic development in the era of sustainable development. The study assessed the practices, knowledge, perception and health risk protection behaviours of waste scavengers in the Gbalahi landfill site. A total of 60 scavengers were conveniently sampled and interviewed. The study revealed that 93% of the waste scavengers sort waste using hooks and their bare hands. The study also showed 62% of the respondents have ever been physically abused by other scavengers. A good number of scavengers believed they have been fortified against “dirt diseases” during their childhood and have developed natural immunity against diseases. The knowledge of scavengers was skewed towards economic benefits as they viewed waste picking as a survival strategy. Discrimination and physical abuse posed a seemingly significant psychological health risk to majority of them. Safety and protection practices are limited to the use of pieces of clothes to cover the nose, wearing of multiple clothes and worn-out boots recovered from the landfill. Most of the respondents risk being exposed to the virus and pathogens. It is recommended that education and increased sensitisation should be encouraged and implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ghana Health Service and other allied institutions in order to regularise and ensure the health and safety of waste scavengers.
Nutritional Strategies of an Athlete with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During a 217-km Ultramarathon
Authors: Silva Daniel Natália Vilela , Esteves dos Santos Nádia , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre , Hoffmann Larissa Mascarin , Esteves Andrea Maculano , Belli Taisa
Published: January 2022

Considering the challenges in meeting the high nutritional demand during ultramarathons, the aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional strategies and glycemic response of an athlete with type 1 diabetes (DM1) during participation in a 217-km ultramarathon. A 36-y-old male athlete who was diagnosed with DM1 15 y earlier was studied during participation in the Brazil 135 ultramarathon. Food consumption and blood glucose were recorded during the race, and nutritional intake was calculated after the race. The athlete completed the race in 51 h 18 min. He consumed a total of 15.0 MJ (3593 kcal), 532 g carbohydrate, 166 g protein, 92 g lipid, and 14 L of water during the race. Glycemic values ranged from 3.6 to 18.2 mmol·L-1. Most glycemic values (47%) ranged from 3.9 to 10 mmol·L-1, whereas 5% were <3.9 mmol·L-1, 16% were >10 to 13.9 mmol·L-1, and 32% were >13.9 mmol·L-1. This case report describes the dietary profile of an athlete with DM1 during a 217-km ultramarathon. Although the athlete implemented strategies that differed from those recommended in the literature, food and nutrient intake and the glycemic management strategy adopted allowed him to successfully finish the race. These results suggest that past personal experiences can be considered and that nutritional recommendations for athletes with DM1 should be individualized.
Performing microcelebrity: Analyzing Papi Jiang's online persona through stance and style
Authors: Weninger Csilla , Li Danyun
Published: January 2022

Contemporary digital media is characterized by a cultural logic of participation that encourages sharing, confession, phatic communication, and an emphasis on the visual. In this techno-cultural milieu, self-presentation has become a key mode of communication, and has enabled ordinary individuals to attain a measure of celebrity status. A key component of being a microcelebrity entails developing a consistent persona that is recognizable and unique. How such persona can be studied from the sociolinguistic perspective of stance and style is the focus of this article. We combined corpus linguistic and qualitative discourse analytic methods to examine a small corpus of videos produced by Chinese online celebrity, Papi Jiang. The article presents key lexico-grammatical, discourse-level, and non-linguistic resources that are analyzed as stance markers that together contribute to Papi's intense, critical-satirical performative style. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to performance, performativity, and critique in digital media. (Persona, microcelebrity, style, performance, stance)*
The efficacy and safety of cariprazine in the early and late stage of schizophrenia: a post hoc analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Falkai Peter , Dombi Zsófia B. , Acsai Károly , Barabássy Ágota , Schmitt Andrea , Németh György
Published: January 2022

Background

The aim of the post hoc analysis was to better understand the efficacy and safety of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia for less than 5 years (early stage) and for more than 15 years (late stage).

Methods

Data from three phase II/III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with similar design in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were pooled and patients with early and late stage of schizophrenia were determined. A mixed-effects model for repeated measures approach was applied and least square (LS) mean changes from baseline to week 6 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and factor scores were reported. Descriptive statistics were used for safety analyses including treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and discontinuation rates.

Results

Overall, 460 patients were identified as being in the early and 414 in the late stage of schizophrenia. The pooled analysis evaluating mean change from baseline to week 6 in the PANSS total score indicated statistically significant difference between cariprazine and placebo in favor of cariprazine in both the early (LS mean difference [LSMD] −7.5 P < .001) and late stage (LSMD −6.7, P < .01) subpopulation. Early stage patients experienced similar amount of TEAEs (CAR 67.3%, PBO 54.1%) as patients in the late stage (CAR 69.6%, PBO 65.6%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, cariprazine, a potent D3-D2 partial agonist has been found to be safe and effective in the treatment of early and late stage schizophrenia.
Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases
Authors: Li Ye , Duan Xu , Chen Yinxue , Liu Bingyun , Chen Gang
Published: January 2022

Dental stem cells (DSCs), an important source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be easily obtained by minimally invasive procedures and have been used for the treatment of various diseases. Classic paradigm attributed the mechanism of their therapeutic action to direct cell differentiation after targeted migration, while contemporary insights into indirect paracrine effect opened new avenues for the mystery of their actual low engraftment and differentiation ability in vivo. As critical paracrine effectors, DSC-derived extracellular vesicles (DSC-EVs) are being increasingly linked to the positive effects of DSCs by an evolving body of in vivo studies. Carrying bioactive contents and presenting therapeutic potential in certain diseases, DSC-EVs have been introduced as promising treatments. Here, we systematically review the latest in vivo evidence that supports the therapeutic effects of DSC-EVs with mechanistic studies. In addition, current challenges and future directions for the clinical translation of DSC-EVs are also highlighted to call for more attentions to the (I) distinguishing features of DSC-EVs compared with other types of MSC-EVs, (II) heterogeneity among different subtypes of DSC-derived EVs, (III) action modes of DSC-EVs, (IV) standardization for eligible DSC-EVs and (V) safety guarantee for the clinical application of DSC-EVs. The present review would provide valuable insights into the emerging opportunities of DSC-EVs in future clinical applications.
Protein synthesis, degradation, and energy metabolism in T cell immunity
Authors: Marchingo Julia M. , Cantrell Doreen A.
Published: January 2022

T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector and memory states involve massive remodeling of T cell size and molecular content and create a massive increase in demand for energy and amino acids. Protein synthesis is an energy- and resource-demanding process; as such, changes in T cell energy production are intrinsically linked to proteome remodeling. In this review, we discuss how protein synthesis and degradation change over the course of a T cell immune response and the crosstalk between these processes and T cell energy metabolism. We highlight how the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry to analyze T cell proteomes can improve our understanding of how these processes are regulated.
The transcription factor KLF14 regulates macrophage glycolysis and immune function by inhibiting HK2 in sepsis
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Fan Guangjian , Liu Yuqi , Liu Lu , Zhang Tong , Liu Pengfei , Tu Qing , Zhang Xinyi , Luo Shiyuan , Yao Liangfang , Chen Feng , Li Jingbao
Published: January 2022

Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome induced by a dysregulated host response to infection. Glycolysis plays a role in maintaining the immune function of macrophages, which is crucial for severely septic patients. However, how the pathways that link glycolysis and macrophages are regulated is still largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence to support the function of KLF14, a novel Krüppel-like transcription factor, in the regulation of glycolysis and the immune function of macrophages during sepsis. KLF14 deletion led to significantly increased mortality in lethal models of murine endotoxemia and sepsis. Mechanistically, KLF14 decreased glycolysis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages by inhibiting the transcription of HK2. In addition, we confirmed that the expression of KLF14 was upregulated in septic patients. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of KLF14 conferred protection against sepsis in mice. These findings uncover a key role of KLF14 in modulating the inflammatory signaling pathway and shed light on the development of KLF14-targeted therapeutics for sepsis.
SARS-CoV-2 treatment effects induced by ACE2-expressing microparticles are explained by the oxidized cholesterol-increased endosomal pH of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Wang Zhenfeng , Lv Jiadi , Yu Pin , Qu Yajin , Zhou Yabo , Zhou Li , Zhu Qiangqiang , Li Shunshun , Song Jiangping , Deng Wei , Gao Ran , Liu Yuying , Liu Jiangning , Tong Wei-Min , Qin Chuan , Huang Bo
Published: January 2022

Exploring the cross-talk between the immune system and advanced biomaterials to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection is a promising strategy. Here, we show that ACE2-overexpressing A549 cell-derived microparticles (AO-MPs) are a potential therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intranasally administered AO-MPs dexterously navigate the anatomical and biological features of the lungs to enter the alveoli and are taken up by alveolar macrophages (AMs). Then, AO-MPs increase the endosomal pH but decrease the lysosomal pH in AMs, thus escorting bound SARS-CoV-2 from phago-endosomes to lysosomes for degradation. This pH regulation is attributable to oxidized cholesterol, which is enriched in AO-MPs and translocated to endosomal membranes, thus interfering with proton pumps and impairing endosomal acidification. In addition to promoting viral degradation, AO-MPs also inhibit the proinflammatory phenotype of AMs, leading to increased treatment efficacy in a SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse model without side effects. These findings highlight the potential use of AO-MPs to treat SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and showcase the feasibility of MP therapies for combatting emerging respiratory viruses in the future.
Particle anisotropy tunes emergent behavior in active colloidal systems
Authors: Moran Shannon E. , Bruss Isaac R. , Schönhöfer Philipp W. A. , Glotzer Sharon C.
Published: January 2022

A systematic computational study shows particle shape anisotropy impacts the collective behaviour of active polygonal particles.
A self-amplified ROS-responsive chemodrug–inhibitor conjugate for multi-drug resistance tumor therapy
Authors: Sun Tingting , Xu Jie , Chen Tianbao , Tu Chunlai , Zhu Lijuan , Yan Deyue
Published: January 2022

A self-amplified ROS-responsive nano-drug delivery system is constructed by assembly of precise drug-inhibitor conjugate, which can initiate the positive feedback loop for sustainable drug release and reversing MDR.
Nintedanib exerts anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity via inhibiting TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylation
Authors: Li Manru , Zhou Yu , Wang Tiantian , Li Menglin , Chen Xiong , Zhang Tiantai , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Jinlan
Published: January 2022

We described a chemoproteomics approach to identify TBK1 as a key target of the multikinase inhibitor nintedanib in IPF. This insight may facilitate a better understanding of the functional mechanism of nintedanib for antifibrosis efficacy.
Hydroboration of vinyl halides with mesitylborane: a direct access to (mesityl)(alkyl)haloboranes
Authors: Devillard Marc , Cordier Marie , Roisnel Thierry , Dinoi Chiara , Del Rosal Iker , Alcaraz Gilles
Published: January 2022

The direct access to (mesityl)(alkyl)haloboranes (Mes(Alk)BX) (X = Br, Cl) from mesitylborane dimer and vinyl halides is presented, revealing two accessible pathways, one of which being kinetically favoured.
Novel cationic meso-CF3 BODIPY-based AIE fluorescent rotors for imaging viscosity in mitochondria
Authors: Shi Wen-Jing , Yang Jinrong , Wei Yong-Feng , Li Xiao-Tong , Yan Xu-Hui , Wang Yuxuan , Leng Huaxiang , Zheng Liyao , Yan Jin-wu
Published: January 2022

Two novel meso-CF3 BODIPY-based fluorescent rotors are rationally prepared and sensitively respond to cellular viscosity through restricted rotation of meso-CF3 group. The monostyryl one (2) exhibits good mitochondrial localization and AIE property.
Dipolar pathways in dipolar EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Fábregas-Ibáñez Luis , Tessmer Maxx H. , Jeschke Gunnar , Stoll Stefan
Published: January 2022

A new theoretical model for a more complete description of dipolar EPR spectroscopy data based on dipolar pathways.
An Earth-abundant cobalt based photocatalyst: visible light induced direct (het)arene C–H arylation and CO2 capture
Authors: Rana Pooja , Kaushik Bhawna , Gaur Rashmi , Dutta Sriparna , Yadav Sneha , Rana Pooja , Solanki Kanika , Arora Bhavya , Biradar Ankush V. , Gawande Manoj B. , Sharma R. K.
Published: January 2022

A noble metal free heterogeneous cobalt based photocatalyst was designed to carry out visible light mediated direct (het)arene C–H arylation and CO2 capture.
Use of kefir peptide (Kef-1) as an emerging approach for the treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation in 2K1C mice
Authors: Aires Rafaela , Gobbi Amorim Fernanda , Côco Larissa Zambom , da Conceição Amanda Pompermayer , Zanardo Tadeu Ériton Caliman , Taufner Gabriel Henrique , Nogueira Breno Valentim , Vasquez Elisardo Corral , Melo Costa Pereira Thiago , Campagnaro Bianca Prandi , dos Santos Meyrelles Silvana
Published: January 2022

In this study, an ACE inhibitor peptide synthesized from probiotic Kefir showed expressive biological activities in 2K1C hypertension.
Influence of 8-week daily consumption of a new product combining green coffee hydroxycinnamates and beta-glucans on polyphenol bioavailability in subjects with overweight and obesity
Authors: Seguido Miguel Ángel , Tarradas Rosa María , González-Rámila Susana , García-Cordero Joaquín , Sarriá Beatriz , Bravo-Clemente Laura , Mateos Raquel
Published: January 2022

Continued consumption of a GCPE/BG nutraceutical appears to enhance the absorption of hydroxycinnamates by increasing the colonic bioavailability of their derived metabolites compared to baseline.
Development of a bio-chemical route to C5 plasticizer synthesis using glutaric acid produced by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Sohn Yu Jung , Kang Minsoo , Ryu Mi-Hee , Lee Siseon , Kang Kyoung Hee , Hong Yunjae , Song Bong Keun , Park Kyungmoon , Park Si Jae , Joo Jeong Chan , Kim Hee Taek
Published: January 2022

An all-inclusive bio-chemical route from the fermentation process to downstream process for C5 plasticizer synthesis was developed using fermentation-derived glutaric acid produced by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Three-dimensional tissue model in direct contact with an on-chip vascular bed enabled by removable membranes
Authors: Kameda Yoshikazu , Chuaychob Surachada , Tanaka Miwa , Liu Yang , Okada Ryu , Fujimoto Kazuya , Nakamura Takuro , Yokokawa Ryuji
Published: January 2022

We proposed a microfluidic device integrated with removable membranes for culturing a 3D tissue—a spheroid—directly on an ‘on-chip vascular bed’.
Hydrothermally synthesized nanocrystalline photoactive SnS2 thin films: effect of surface directing agents
Authors: Patil Parag R. , Patil Satish S. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Mane Rahul M. , Patil Sharad S. , Mali Sawanta S. , Hong Chang K. , Bhosale Popatrao N. , Heo Jaeyeong , Khot Kishorkumar V.
Published: January 2022

In the present work, we have synthesized tin disulphide (SnS2) thin films via a facile, low cost, single-step hydrothermal route using various surface directing agents.
Synergistic effects of B/S co-doped spongy-like hierarchically porous carbon for a high performance zinc-ion hybrid capacitor
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Yingge , Qian Jialong , Zhang Yihe , Sun Li , Wang Qi
Published: January 2022

A boron and sulfur co-doped spongy-like hierarchically porous carbon material (B2S3C) was fabricated as the electrode of an asymmetric hybrid capacitor, delivering excellent electrochemical performance.
A base-mediated aerobic oxidative synthesis of cyclopent-2-enol derivatives from doubly activated cyclopropanes and substituted acetonitriles
Authors: Han Xiao-Dan , Peng Gao-Liang , Xiong Wei , Gan Ran , Fu Jian-Ping , Wu Lei , Tang Zhong-Sheng , Hu Ju-Wu , Wang Hui-Bin
Published: January 2022

Polysubstituted cyclopent-2-enols were successfully constructed in good yields by the one-pot reaction of doubly activated cyclopropanes and α-EWG substituted acetonitriles under mild basic conditions.
Novel mesoporous Co3O4–Sb2O3–SnO2 active material in high-performance capacitive deionization
Authors: Delfani Ehsan , Khodabakhshi Alireza , Habibzadeh Sajjad , Naji Leila , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2022

Capacitive deionization (CDI), as an emerging eco-friendly electrochemical brackish water deionization technology, has widely benefited from carbon/metal oxide composite electrodes.
Nanostructured plasmonic chips employing nanopillar and nanoring hole arrays for enhanced sensitivity of SPR-based biosensing
Authors: Agrawal Ajay Kumar , Suchitta Aakansha , Dhawan Anuj
Published: January 2022

Nanostructured plasmonic sensor chips interrogated using the Kretschmann configuration for highly sensitive localized sensing.
Chitosan nanocomposites with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and porphyrin
Authors: Sewid F. A. , Annas K. I. , Dubavik A. , Veniaminov A. V. , Maslov V. G. , Orlova A. O.
Published: January 2022

A CdSe/ZnS QD-TPP nanocomposite and energy transfer from QDs to (i) TPP monomers to oxygen generating singlet oxygen (SO) and (ii) TPP aggregates cannot generate SO in chitosan solution.
Multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on tetracoordinate boron-containing PAHs: colour tuning based on the nature of chelates
Authors: Meng Guoyun , Liu Lijie , He Zhechang , Hall David , Wang Xiang , Peng Tai , Yin Xiaodong , Chen Pangkuan , Beljonne David , Olivier Yoann , Zysman-Colman Eli , Wang Nan , Wang Suning
Published: January 2022

A new class of tetra-coordinate boron-containing MR-TADF emitters and their corresponding high-performance hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes have been successfully achieved.
Facile synthesis of an ambient stable pyreno[4,5-b]pyrrole monoanion and pyreno[4,5-b:9,10-b′]dipyrrole dianion: from serendipity to design
Authors: Kumar Sharvan , Yoshida Kohshi , Hattori Yusuke , Higashino Tomohiro , Imahori Hiroshi , Seki Shu
Published: January 2022

An ambient stable pyreno[4,5-b]pyrrole monoanion and pyreno[4,5-b:9,10-b′]dipyrrole dianion have been isolated and characterized, showing a low energy intense absorption band with the absorption coefficient reaching 7.1 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1.
Diffusive dynamics of charged nanoparticles in convex lens-induced confinement
Authors: Hitimana Emmanuel , Roopnarine Brittany K. , Morozova Svetlana
Published: January 2022

Hydrodynamic effects influence the dynamics of nanoparticles in confined geometries.
Hydrogen bonding enhanced SiO2/PEO composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Cheng , Yang Tianqi , Zhang Wenkui , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Xia Yang , He Xinping , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen-bonded SiO2/PEO composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are prepared by hydrolyzation of tetraethyl orthosilicate in PEO. The SiO2 with rich hydroxyl groups can greatly enhance the Li+ conductivity and mechanical strength of CSEs.
Dopant-mediated surface charge imbalance for enhancing the performance of metal oxide chemiresistive gas sensors
Authors: Chakraborty Nirman , Mondal Swastik
Published: January 2022

A generalized picture on how surface charge imbalance mediated by doping can affect the gas sensing behavior of metal oxide chemiresistive systems.
Methylthiophene terminated D–π–D molecular semiconductors as multifunctional interfacial materials for high performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Mao Yuhua , Xu Jie , Li Shanshan , Guo Fusheng , Zhu Lingyu , Wang Jianli , Wu Yongzhen
Published: January 2022

Novel D–π–D molecular semiconductors with terminal methylthiophene groups were developed as multifunctional interfacial materials for improvement of perovskite solar cell performance.
Electron transfer via cytochrome b6f complex displays sensitivity to antimycin A upon STT7 kinase activation
Authors: Buchert Felix , Scholz Martin , Hippler Michael
Published: January 2022

The cytochrome b6f complex (b6f) has been initially considered as the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase (FQR) during cyclic electron flow (CEF) with photosystem I that is inhibited by antimycin A (AA). The binding of AA to the b6f Qi-site is aggravated by heme-ci, which challenged the FQR function of b6f during CEF. Alternative models suggest that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) is involved in a b6f-independent, AA-sensitive FQR. Here, we show in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that the b6f is conditionally inhibited by AA in vivo and that the inhibition did not require PGR5. Instead, activation of the STT7 kinase upon anaerobic treatment induced the AA sensitivity of b6f which was absent from stt7-1. However, a lock in State 2 due to persisting phosphorylation in the phosphatase double mutant pph1;pbcp did not increase AA sensitivity of electron transfer. The latter required a redox poise, supporting the view that state transitions and CEF are not coercively coupled. This suggests that the b6f-interacting kinase is required for structure-function modulation of the Qi-site under CEF favoring conditions. We propose that PGR5 and STT7 independently sustain AA-sensitive FQR activity of the b6f. Accordingly, PGR5-mediated electron injection into an STT7-modulated Qi-site drives a Mitchellian Q cycle in CEF conditions.
Effects of DISC1 on Alzheimer’s disease cell models assessed by iTRAQ proteomics analysis
Authors: Lu Jiajie , Huang Rihong , Peng Yuecheng , Wang Haojian , Feng Zejia , Fan Yongyang , Zeng Zhaorong , Wang Yezhong , Wei Jiana , Wang Zhaotao
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of neurodegenerative disease in the elderly with no cure at present. In a previous study, we found that the scaffold protein, disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is down-regulated in the AD brains, and ectopic expression of DISC1 can delay the progression of AD by protecting synaptic plasticity and down-regulating BACE1. However, the underlying mechanisms remain not to be elucidated. In the present study, we compared the proteomes of normal and DISC1high AD cells expressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and mass spectrometry (MS). The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify the interacting partners of DISC1. Based on the interaction scores, NDE1, GRM3, PTGER3 and KATNA1 were identified as functionally or physically related to DISC1, and may therefore regulate AD development. The DEPs were functionally annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases with the DAVID software, and the Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) database was used to determine their evolutionary relationships. The DEPs were significantly enriched in microtubules and mitochondria-related pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify genes and pathways that are activated when DISC1 is overexpressed. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying DISC1 function in AD.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dysphagia and Associated Pneumonia in Patients With Stroke From India: A Call to Arms
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rahul , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Premkumar Priya Karimuddanahalli
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reported dysphagia and associated pneumonia risk among patients with stroke in India.

Method:

We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was dysphagia and pneumonia among patients with stroke in India. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and extracted related data. Meta-analysis was performed for frequency of dysphagia, associated pneumonia, and its relative risk using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was computed using the

I
2

index.

Results:

A total of 3,644 titles were screened, and only eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Based on data from these studies, we calculated the pooled prevalence of dysphagia (47.71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [20.49%, 70.92%],
p
< .001) and pneumonia (20.43%; 95% CI [10.73%, 30.14%],
p
< .001) for patients with stroke in India. We found that the relative risks of pneumonia in patients with stroke and dysphagia versus those patients with stroke and no dysphagia was 9.41 (95% CI [5.60, 15.80],
p
< .001). Data on length of hospital stay and rates of mortality secondary to pneumonia are also presented.

Conclusions:

Despite the high incidence of dysphagia and associated pneumonia, the methodological quality of studies is fair and there is little research focused on epidemiological data. We call to arms to those SLPs working with patients with stroke in India to become proactive in both clinical practice and research domains.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17701022
Nonword Repetition Performance Differentiates Children Who Stutter With and Without Concomitant Speech Sound and Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: Gerwin Katelyn L. , Walsh Bridget , Tichenor Seth E.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to examine how nonword repetition (NWR) performance may be impacted by the presence of concomitant speech and language disorders in young children who stutter (CWS).

Method:

One hundred forty-one children (88 CWS and 53 children who do not stutter [CWNS]) participated. CWS were divided into groups based on the presence of speech sound and/or language disorder or typical speech sound production and language abilities. NWR abilities were measured using stimuli composed of one- to four-syllable nonwords.

Results:

CWS with typical speech and language and CWNS had higher accuracy scores than CWS with concomitant speech and language disorders. We found no difference in accuracy scores between CWNS and CWS with typical speech and language abilities, nor did we find differences between CWS with speech sound disorder and CWS with both speech sound and language disorders. Accuracy decreased as nonword length increased for all groups.

Conclusions:

We found that the presence of a concomitant speech and language disorder was a driving factor behind poorer NWR performance in CWS. Accuracy scores differentiated CWS with concomitant disorders from CWS with typical speech and language but not CWS with typical speech and language from CWNS. Considering the speech and language abilities of CWS helped clarify poorer NWR performance and enhances generalizability to the population that exists clinically.
Analysis and prevention of commutation failure caused by HVDC rectifier AC faults
Authors: Lin Sheng , Lei Yuqing , Liu Jian , Liu Lei
Published: January 2022

Earlier works have reported that rectifier AC faults also can cause commutation failure during fault‐off recovery process. Whereas the occurrence of CF is merely ascribed to inverter AC faults in conventional wisdom. Note that the existing CF mitigation approaches are designed mostly by the evolution of inverter electrical quantities, which will fail to take action to CF caused by rectifier faults, posing threat to the operation of power system. Thus, the paper firstly presents the essential reasons for CF caused by rectifier ac faults, combined with the fault information transmission process and control response. It is found that DC current surge and improper control interaction are the main reasons. Accordingly, a novel current cooperative optimization (CCO) control strategy is proposed, which aimed at reducing the risk of CF caused by rectifier ac faults. Simulation results verify the correctness of the mechanism and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
A scale‐sensitive heatmap representation for multi‐person pose estimation
Authors: Du Congju , Yu Han , Yu Li
Published: January 2022

Multi‐person pose estimation is a challenging vision task that can be seriously affected by keypoint scale variation. Existing heatmap‐based approaches are devoted to reducing the effect by optimizing backbone architecture or loss functions, but the problem of an inaccurate heatmap representation with different keypoint scales still exists. A scale‐sensitive heatmap algorithm is presented to generate reasonable spatial and contextual features for the network to predict more precise coordinates, by systematically considering the standard deviation, truncated radius, and shape of Gaussian kernels. Specifically, the scale‐sensitive heatmap algorithm contains three parts: inter‐person heatmap, limited‐area heatmap, and shape‐aware heatmap. The inter‐person heatmap allocates different standard deviations for each human instance proportionally calculated by the keypoint‐based method, the limited‐area heatmap defines the truncated radius to limit the influence area of Gaussian kernels, and the shape‐aware heatmap modifies the Gaussian kernels generated by some ellipse‐shaped joints. Our scale‐sensitive heatmap algorithm outperforms the baseline by a considerable margin on the COCO and CrowdPose benchmark datasets. The code and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/ducongju/Scale‐sensitive‐Heatmap.
Complete decoupling compensation of three‐phase inverter with LCL filter in synchronous reference frame
Authors: Shi Jingkui , Huang Wenxin , Zheng Xinxin
Published: January 2022

A decoupling control strategy of three‐phase inverter, which can realize complete decoupling of the active and reactive current in the synchronous reference frame (SRF) is proposed here. There are two coupling factors of current loop in SRF, one is time delay caused by digital control, and the other is AC filter. Dynamic time delay compensation is applied to eliminate coupling caused by the first factor. The phase of the bridge leg voltage can be predicted. The difference between it and the phase of reference voltage which takes part in pulse width modulation (PWM) is the dynamic compensation angle, which can compensate the time delay. High‐order feedforward compensation is applied to eliminate coupling caused by the second factor. Complex vector model of the LCL filter is derived and the high‐order coupling coefficients can be offset by feedforward compensation. The coupling characteristics and compensation principles are analysed in detail. The system stability is discussed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Structural evolution of a magnetic flux rope associated with a major flare in the solar active region 12205
Authors: Duan Aiying , Jiang Chaowei , Guo Yue , Feng Xueshang , Cui Jun
Published: January 2022

Solar eruptions are often generated as a result of the complex magnetic environment in solar active regions (ARs). Unravelling the relevant structure and evolution is vital to disclosing the underlying mechanisms that initiate such eruptions. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive study of the magnetic field structure and evolution responsible for a major flare eruption in a complex AR: NOAA 12205. The study is based on a detailed analysis of observations from the SDO and a time sequence of coronal magnetic field extrapolations. The AR is characterized by a long sequence of sunspots, harboring two groups of δ type that evolved dynamically via continual rotation, shearing, colliding, and flux cancellation. Our study suggests that the joint effect of the sunspot motions along a large-scale magnetic flux rope (MFR) supporting a filament was gradually built up along the main polarity inversion line. A quantitative analysis of the coronal magnetic evolution strongly indicates that an ideal instability of the MFR finally led to the major eruption of the X1.6 flare, although it was preceded by episodes of localized reconnections. These localized reconnections should play a key role in building up the unstable MFR by, for example, tether-cutting reconnection low near the photosphere, as driven by the shearing and flux cancellation. Through these reconnections, the MFR gains a significant amount of twisted flux and is lifted up to a height above the torus unstable threshold, at which the background restraining force decreases fast enough with the height.
History-independent tracers
Authors: Holdship J. , Viti S.
Published: January 2022

Context. Molecular line emission is a powerful probe of the physical conditions of astrophysical objects but can be complex to model, and it is often unclear which transitions would be the best targets for observers who wish to constrain a given parameter.

Aims. We produce a list of molecular species for which the gas history can be ignored, removing a major modelling complexity. We then determine the best of these species to observe when attempting to constrain various physical parameters.

Methods. We use a large set of chemical models with different chemical histories to determine which species have abundances at 1 Myr that are insensitive to the initial conditions. We then use radiative transfer modelling to produce the intensity of every transition of these molecules. We finally compute the mutual information between the physical parameters and all transitions and transition ratios in order to rank their usefulness in determining the value of a given parameter.

Results. We find 48 species that are insensitive to the chemical history of the gas, 23 of which have collisional data available. We produce a ranked list of all the transitions and ratios of these species using their mutual information with various gas properties. We show mutual information is an adequate measure of how well a transition can constrain a physical parameter by recovering known probes and demonstrating that random forest regression models become more accurate predictors when high-scoring features are included. Therefore, this list can be used to select target transitions for observations in order to maximize knowledge about those physical parameters.
Discovery of ammonia (9,6) masers in two high-mass star-forming regions
Authors: Yan Y. T. , Henkel C. , Menten K. M. , Gong Y. , Ott J. , Wilson T. L. , Wootten A. , Brunthaler A. , Zhang J. S. , Chen J. L. , Yang K.
Published: January 2022

Context.Molecular maser lines are signposts of high-mass star formation, probing the excitation and kinematics of very compact regions in the close environment of young stellar objects and providing useful targets for trigonometric parallax measurements.

Aims.Only a few NH3(9,6) masers are known so far, and their origin is still poorly understood. Here we aim to find new NH3(9,6) masers to provide a better observational basis for studying their role in high-mass star-forming regions.

Methods.We carried out NH3(9,6) observations toward Cepheus A and G34.26+0.15 with the Effelsberg 100-meter telescope (beam size 49′′) and theKarl G. JanskyVery Large Array (JVLA; beam size about 1′′.2).

Results.We discovered new NH3(9,6) masers in Cep A and G34.26+0.25, which increases the number of known high-mass star-forming regions hosting NH3(9,6) masers from five to seven. Long-term monitoring (20 months) at Effelsberg shows that the intensity of the (9,6) maser in G34.26+0.25 is decreasing, while the Cep A maser remains stable. Compared to the Effelsberg data and assuming linear variations between the epochs of observation, the JVLA data indicate no missing flux. This suggests that the NH3(9,6) emission arises from single compact emission regions that are not resolved by the interferometric measurements. As JVLA imaging shows, the NH3(9,6) emission in Cep A originates from a sub-arcsecond-sized region, slightly to the west (0′′.28 ± 0′′.10) of the peak position of the 1.36 cm continuum object, HW2. In G34.26+0.25, three NH3(9,6) maser spots are observed: one is close to the head of the cometary ultracompact H IIregion C, and the other two are emitted from a compact region to the west of the hypercompact H IIregion A.

Conclusions.The newly found (9,6) masers appear to be related to outflows. The higher angular resolution of JVLA and very long baseline interferometry observations are needed to provide more accurate positions and constraints for pumping scenarios.
Lachen ist die schönste Sprache der Welt – Ehrenamt in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nüsken Friederike
Published: January 2022

2019 reiste die Ergotherapeutin Friederike Nüsken für zwei Monate nach Sri Lanka, um dort in einem Waisenhaus für Menschen mit Behinderungen zu arbeiten. Für ergopraxis erinnert sie sich noch mal an diese spannende Zeit zurück.
Selbstmanagement fördern – Onlinekurse als Therapieergänzung
Authors: Haselmayr Verena
Published: January 2022

Patient-Education-Onlinekurse ermöglichen eine bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit der Krankheit: Die Nutzer*innen erwerben neues Wissen, welches sie bei der Alltags- oder Emotionsbewältigung unterstützt. Das fand Verena Haselmayr in ihrer Bachelorarbeit durch die Befragung von vier an rheumatoider Arthritis erkrankten Personen heraus.
Interventional Bronchus Occlusion Using Amplatzer Devices – A
Promising Treatment Option for Children with Persistent Air Leak
Authors: Schütz Katharina , Happel Christoph M. , Keil Oliver , Dingemann Jens , Carlens Julia , Wetzke Martin , Müller Carsten , Köditz Harald , Griese Matthias , Reiter Karl , Schweiger-Kabesch Andrea , Backendorf Alexander , Scharff AnnaZychlinsky , Bertram Harald , Schwerk Nicolaus
Published: January 2022

Background: Persistent air leak (PAL) is a severe complication of secondary
spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). Surgical interventions are usually successful
when medical treatment fails, but can be associated with significant
complications and loss of potentially recoverable lung parenchyma. Methods:
Retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of interventional bronchus
occlusions (IBO) using Amplatzer devices (ADs) in children with PAL secondary to
SSP. Results: Six patients (four males, 4–15 years of age) underwent IBO
using ADs as treatment for PAL. Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) was the most common
cause (n=4) of PAL. Three patients were previously healthy and three
suffered from chronic lung disease. All patients required at least two chest
tubes prior to the intervention for a duration of 15–43 days and all
required oxygen or higher level of ventilatory support. In three cases, previous
surgical interventions had been performed without success. All children improved
after endobronchial intervention and we observed no associated complications.
All chest tubes were removed within 5–25 days post IBO. In patients with
PAL related to NP (n=4), occluders were removed bronchoscopically
without re-occurrence of pneumothorax after a mean of 70 days (IQR:
46.5–94). Conclusion: IBO using ADs is a safe and valuable treatment
option in children with PAL independent of disease severity and underlying
cause. A major advantage of this procedure is its less invasiveness compared to
surgery and the parenchyma- preserving approach.