bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on the N-acylase Activity of Mammalian Kidney Acetone Powders (KAP’s)
Authors: Luna Héctor , Hernández-Vázquez Liliana , Pérez Herminia I. , Manjarrez Norberto , Solís Aida , Cassani Julia
Published: April 2018

The N-acylase activity and enantioselectivity of mammalian kidney acetone powders (KAP’s) or their enzyme extract was demonstrated on (rac)-N-acetylmethionine; used as reference substrate. It was showed hydrolysis exclusively on the (S)-enantiomer. The biocatalyzed reaction allowed us, to categorize the KAPs regarding the animal source, sheep, pig, calf, bovine, dog and guinea pig as fast biocatalysts reaching equilibrium in around 4 to 5 h; and rat, mouse and hamster were slower biocatalysts, since they did it in around 24 h. In most of the reactions the kidney crude preparations gave a better conversion than the enzyme extract, this fact demonstrated that the longer stirring during the reaction in an aqueous medium, allowed a greater dissolution of the enzyme. These readily available and inexpensive crude biocatalysts have a great potential application in organic synthesis.
Behavior of Two and Three Electrode Configuration and Different Mediators in Working Electrode on Development of Disposable Screen-Printing Biosensors for Determination of Free Cholesterol
Authors: Hernández-Cruz Mónica , Galán-Vidal Carlos Andrés , Álvarez-Romero Giaan Arturo , Ramírez-Silva María Teresa , Páez-Hernández María Elena , González-Vidal José Luis
Published: April 2018

In the present work the development of an amperometric transducer in order to build a free cholesterol biosensor in planar configuration is reported. The one single use disposable biosensors were constructed by screen printing process which is compatible with automated methodologies of production. Based in the incorporation of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), Prussian blue (PB) or ferrite (Fe3O4) as mediator or electrocatalytic agent, three types of electrochemical transducers were evaluated. The cholesterol biosensors require a sample volume of 7.2 μL, exhibits good reproducibility and selectivity and cover a lineal answer of 2-16 mM with detection limits from 0.3 to 1.6 mM. The characteristics of biosensors are satisfactory for the decentralized analysis of the lipid in blood since enclose the range of clinical interest (3.5-6.5 mM).
Synthesis of New Chiral Monosulfonamides Prepared from (11R,12R)-11,12-Diamino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene and their Use as Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Huelgas Gabriela , Rojas Cabrera Haydee , Madrigal Domingo , Somanathan Ratnasamy , Guzmán Pilar , Ortiz Aurelio , Anaya de Parrodi Cecilia
Published: April 2018

New chiral monosulfonamides …6-16 containing (11R,12R)-diamino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene as carbon skeleton were prepared. Compounds 6-12, 15 and 16 were used as optically active ligands in the enantioselective ethylation of benzaldehyde. Moreover, the monosulfonamides 6-10 were tested in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of acetophenone with Rh(Cp*)L* complex.
Adsorption of Chromium(VI) on Radiation Grafted N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate onto Polypropylene, from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Burillo Guillermina , Serrano-Gómez Juan , Bonifacio-Martínez Juan
Published: April 2018

Polypropylene (PP) grafted with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA), was prepared by irradiation with a 60Co γ source. The obtained PP-g-DMAEMA was used to study the Cr(VI) ion adsorption as a function of contact time, initial pH, initial concentration of metal ion and temperature. Chromium adsorption data on PP-g-DMAEMA at various initial concentration fit well the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity (amax) was found to be 0.3103 × 0-4 mol g-1. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH0, ΔG0 and ΔS0 were estimated showing the adsorption process to be exothermic and spontaneous.
Explicit Particle-number Dependence in Density Functional Theory
Authors: Trickey Samuel B. , Vela Alberto
Published: April 2018

With rare exceptions, explicit particle number dependence (Ne-dependence) in approximate density functionals is viewed as a serious deficiency because of apparent size-consistency issues. In contrast, there are multiple manifestations of explicit Ne-dependence in density functional bounds (including the Gázquez-Robles kinetic energy bound), constraints, and approximations. We argue that these constitute inescapable motivation for exploring Ne-dependent approximate functionals. Doing so would be consistent with a mostly-ignored result of Lieb about properties of the universal functional.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyimide/Organoclay Nanocomposites Containing Benzophenone Moieties in the Main Chain
Authors: Faghihi Khalil , Ashouri Mostafa , Feyzi Akram
Published: April 2018

A series of nanocomposites consist of organic polyimide and organo-modified clay content varying from 0 to 5 wt%, were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. Polyimide used as a matrix of nanocomposite was prepared through the reaction of 1,4-bis [4-aminophenoxy] butane (APB) and 3،3΄،4،4΄-benzophenone tetra carboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Spectroscopic Characterization of an Oxovanadium(IV) Complex of Oxodiacetic Acid and 2,2’-Bipyridine. Bioactivity on Osteoblast-Like Cells in Culture
Authors: León Ignacio E. , Etcheverry Susana B. , Parajón-Costa Beatriz S. , Baran Enrique J.
Published: April 2018

The oxovanadium(IV) complex of oxodiacetic acid (H2ODA) and 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) of stoichiometry [VO(ODA)(bipy)]⋅H2O, was thoroughly characterized by infrared, Raman and electronic spectroscopies. The biological activity of the complex on the cell proliferation was tested on osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3E1 osteoblastic mouse calvaria-derived cells and UMR106 rat osteosarcoma-derived cells) in culture. The complex caused inhibition of cellular proliferation in both osteoblast-like cells in culture, but its action was statistically stronger in the tumoral cells. This effect was specially marked with increasing concentrations of the complex. Based on these preliminary biological results, [VO(ODA)(bipy)]⋅H2O can be considered as a good candidate to be further investigated in relation to cancer treatment.
Metal-Based Drug-DNA Interactions
Authors: García-Ramos Juan Carlos , Galindo-Murillo Rodrigo , Cortés-Guzmán Fernando , Ruiz-Azuara Lena
Published: April 2018

Coordination compounds that bind to DNA have been an active area of research since the discovery of cisplatin and the platinum based drugs. In this review we offer a general overview about transition-metal compounds that binds DNA through several ways and some examples are given to understand the role played by the different factors that promotes it, such as the intercalant ligand and the nature and position of the substituent over it. Several techniques to follow metal-based drugs interactions with DNA are mentioned as well as a brief description of computational techniques that can be used as a powerful tool in order to reach a deep knowledge of the parameters involved in the stabilization of coordination compound-DNA adduct.
The Role of Supramolecular Intermediates in the Potential Energy Surface of the Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Ramírez-Gualito Karla , López-Mora Néstor , Jiménez-Vázquez Hugo A. , Tamariz Joaquín , Cuevas Gabriel
Published: April 2018

The potential energy surface of four stereoselective Diels-Alder reactions was studied, namely: cyclopentadiene-maleic anhydride, furan-maleic anhydride, the dimerization of cyclopentadiene, and cyclopentadiene-cyclopropene. For completeness, we also studied the reaction between ethylene and 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, a [5+2] cycloaddition reaction. For all cases at least a stationary state of supramolecular nature a van der Waals complex, was determined. These stationary states are complexes formed by the interaction between the reagents, minima located in the paths between the non-interacting molecules and the transition states. The existence of these complexes makes it necessary to reconsider the role of Secondary Orbital Interactions in the selectivity of these reactions. As it is the case with other complexes, the stability of these supramolecular intermediates depends on electrostatic phenomena such as dispersion forces. The observation of [5+2] intramolecular complexes in solution is important since up to now, this kind of van der Waals complexes had only been described in the gas phase.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted-1H-tetrazoles by an Ugi-azide Process
Authors: Cárdenas-Galindo Luis Edilberto , Islas-Jácome Alejandro , Cortes-García Carlos Jesús , El Kaim Laurent , Gámez-Montaño Rocío
Published: April 2018

A series of eighteen novel 1,5-disubstituted-1H-tetrazoles has been prepared with moderate to good overall yields using an Ugi-azide reaction as key step under mild conditions. Tetrazoles are heterocyclic systems present in several synthetic products which have privileged biological activity. Therefore, in this paper we describe the synthesis of novel compounds containing the tetrazole moiety, which could present biological activity.
Submicrometric Fibrillar Structures of Codoped Polyaniline Obtained by Co-oxidation Using the NaClO/Ammonium Peroxydisulfate System: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Osorio-Fuente Jorge Enrique , Gómez-Yáñez Carlos , Hernández-Pérez María de los Ángeles , Corea-Téllez Mónica de la Luz
Published: April 2018

A mixture of ammonium peroxydisulfate and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (co-oxidating system) were used to obtain polyaniline (PANi) doped with HCl and camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) (co-doping). The effect of HCl/CSA ratio added during polymerization on structure, morphology and electrical conductivity of the conducting polymer was investigated. When NaClO is used, the polymerization rate is substantially increased and the morphology changes from micrometric granular to nanometric fibrillar. CSA was used as complementary dopant but also to improve the solubility of PANi in common solvents. However, results suggest that quinone-like heterocycles containing carbonyl radicals as well as phenazine-type aromatic rings might be impeding an efficient doping in detriment of the conductivity.
Understanding the Nature of the Manganese Hot Dip Phosphatizing Process of Steel
Authors: Alvarado-Macías Gabriela , Fuentes-Aceituno Juan Carlos , Salinas-Rodríguez Armando , Rodríguez-Varela Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

In this work, the phosphatizing process of steel is investigated using open circuit potential and Tafel curves as well as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results reveal that a pH of 2.57 in the phosphatizing solution promotes the dissociation of phosphoric acid which assists the formation of the manganese tertiary salt (Mn3(PO4)2), which is deposited on the substrate. It was also observed that an increase in the temperature from 25 to 90°C and the presence of HNO3 as catalyst enhances the manganese phosphatizing kinetics. On the other hand, the generation of iron phosphates and oxides is predominant at a pH of 1 and 90°C. These observations are supported by species distribution and Pourbaix thermodynamic diagrams.
Trace elements determination by ICP-QMS in octopus edible samples from Mexico City markets
Authors: Saldívar-Osorio L. V.R. , Rodríguez-Salazar M. T.J. , Soubran-Zamora M. L. Soubran-Zamora , Márquez-Herrera C. E. , Castilla-Madrigal M. E. , Espejel-Maya M. G. , Z. Arruda M. A. , Barbosa-Jr F.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total concentration levels of trace elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Rb and Sr) in octopus’ mantle and tentacles samples from Mexico City markets, by using the Mexican regulation applied to food for human consumption. The determination of both essential (Cr, Cu, Mn) and non-essential (Pb, Rb and Sr) trace elements was made by inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS). The samples were collected from local markets and supermarkets from each of 16 delegations of Mexico City, Distrito Federal. The overall ranges of concentrations found were: 2.4-4.8, 5.1-95.3, 1-6, 0.1-1.6, 0.4-4.5 and 11-58 mg/kg for Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Rb and Sr, respectively. The maximum and mean concentration values obtained for Cu and Cr in mantle and tentacle samples from both kind of markets, are above of the NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010 (closest Mexican standard), according to USDA National NDB for Standard Reference consumer exposure (100g/day) of octopus. It was observed that the maximum Pb concentration value found in mantle and tentacle samples from supermarkets origin exceeds the NOM-129-SSA1-1995 and NOM-242-SSA1-2009 reference values, while the maximum mean value is below the regulation. Similar Mexican regulation data for Mn, Rb and Sr were not found.
N-Bromosuccinimide Catalyzed Three Component One-Pot Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,5-Triaryl-1H-imidazoles from Aldehyde, Ammonium Acetate, and 1,2-Diketone or α-Hydroxyketone
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Sedigh Ashrafi Samaneh
Published: April 2018

A simple, green, and efficient method for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a catalyst under solvent-free condition is described. The major advantages of the present method are: high yields, less reaction times, solvent-free conditions, easy purification of the products, environmental friendliness, and convenient operation.
The Effect of NaOH and KOH on the Characterization of Mesoporous AlOOH Nanostructures in the Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Haghnazari Nahid , Abdollahifar Mozaffar , Jahani Farahnaz
Published: April 2018

Mesoporous AlOOH was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment from aluminium nitrate and NaOH or KOH. The effect of NaOH and KOH as precipitating agents on the characterization of samples were investigated. xrd, ftir, fesem and N2 adsorption-desorption analytical techniques were used to characterize the products. Our results showed that using KOH as precipitating agent was favourable for the formation of mesoporous and crystalline AlOOH with high bet-specific surface area of 98 m2/g.
Novel Organo Soluble Polyimides and Polyimide Nanocomposites Based on 1,4-bis((4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl)benzene, baob, via baobmodified Organoclay
Authors: Mansoori Yagoub , Darvishi Kamran
Published: April 2018

New, thermally stable polyimides (pi) containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring in the polymer backbone based on 1,4-bis((4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl)benzene, baob, were synthesized. The prepared polymers were soluble in polar and aprotic solvents. The obtained results reveal that within the prepared polymers, polyimide (7) which has been obtained from baob and 4,4’-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, odpa, has the most improved thermal properties. In the next part, thermally stable organophilic clay was obtained via cation exchange reaction between sodium montmorillonite (Na-mmt) and the hydrochloride salt of baob. Then, a series of pi/clay nanocomposite materials (pcns) were synthesized from the in situ polymerization reaction of baob and odpa via thermal imidization. baob-mmt was used as the filler at different concentrations. Intercalation of polymer chains within the organoclay galleries was confirmed by wxrd. The glass transition temperature is increased with respect to pristine pi for pcns 1-3 wt%. At high clay loadings, the aggregation of organoclay particles results in a decrease in Tg. In the sem images of the pure polymer too many micro-cracks were observed in the background,while surface homogeneity of pcn 1 wt% is increased and microcracks are reduced.
“In Situ” Generated “HCl”: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of 1H-Indazolo [1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-triones and 1Hpyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Sedigh Ashrafi Samaneh
Published: April 2018

The rapid and environmental synthetic route to produce 1H-indazolo[1,2-b] phthalazine-1,6,11-triones and 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones derivatives have been developed via multicomponent and one-pot reactions of various aldehydes, cyclic or acyclic 1,3-diketones with: i) phthalhydrazide or ii) phthalic anhydride-hydrazinium hydroxide using wet 2,4,6-trichlorotriazine (TCT) as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Simple and mild reaction conditions, the use of a cheap catalyst and easy workup and isolation are notable features of this method.
Synthesis and Characterization of NBR´s by RAFT Technique and their use as Rubber Precursor in ABS Type Resins
Authors: Enríquez-Medrano Francisco Javier , Soriano-Corral Florentino , Acuña-Vázquez Pablo , Cabrera-Álvarez Edgar N. , Saade-Caballero Hened , Castañeda-Facio Adalí , Valencia López Luis , Díaz de León-Gómez Ramón
Published: April 2018

Different rubbers based on polybutadiene were synthesized in solution by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) technique using 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] entanoic acid as RAFT agent and 1,1’-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile (Vazo-88) as initiator. The results obtained in the polymerization of polybutadiene and poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (NBR) are discussed in terms of molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure. Composition of polybutadiene in NBR´s was kept constant along the copolymerization, and the vinyl, cis and trans isomers are shown in values of around 12, 26 and 62% in all cases. Resulting rubbers were used to synthesize acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene (ABS) type resins through an in situ bulk polymerization. Dynamic-mechanical properties and the morphology were analyzed in all the different ABS resins. In DMA analyses, the rubber component presented two transitions as well as an increase in the magnitude of the transition located around -75 °C, which is explained by the significant amount of SAN occlusions in the morphology, analyzed by TEM.
New Polynuclear Nonfused Bis(1,3,4-Oxadiazole) Systems
Authors: Mansoori Yagoub , Sarvari Raana
Published: April 2018

In the present work, new polynuclear non-fused bis-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) compounds were obtained through Huisgen reaction of bis-(5-oxy-(1H)-tetrazoles with acid chlorides. Bis-tetrazole VIg was obtained from the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between suberonitrile and sodium azide in DMF. The prepared compounds have been characterized by IR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Zn(BH4)2/Ac2O/DOWEX(R)50WX4: A Novel System for Acylalation of Aldehydes
Authors: Setamdideh Davood
Published: April 2018

The acylalation of structurally different aldehydes has been performed by Zn(BH4)2/Ac2O/DOWEX(R)50WX4 as new system within 1-5 min at room temperature with excellent yields of the products (92-97%).
Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes: An Overview of the Current Applications to Actual Industrial Effluents
Authors: Barrera-Díaz C. , Cañizares P. , Fernández F. J. , Natividad R. , Rodrigo M. A.
Published: April 2018

Many human activities result in the production of wastewater. Usually, physical, chemical and biological processes are successfully combined for the treatment of municipal wastewater, attaining good removal efficiencies. However, some industrial processes introduce anthropogenic recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater that are quite difficult to remove or degrade using conventional means and that should be removed due to their hazardousness. In such cases, the application of an Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) uses to be a good and/or promising alternative to attain an appropriate effluent. These processes rely on generating hydroxyl radical, which is a powerful oxidant that mineralizes efficiently pollutants contained in wastewater. In this review, we focus on the use of electrochemical methods to produce hydroxyl radical, using directly or indirectly electrochemical technology, within the so-called Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Processes (EAOP). These processes include electrochemical, sonoelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical technologies and this work describes the fundamentals, main cases studied in the literature related to actual industrial waste treatment and tries to help in the elucidation of the range of applicability of each technology.
Application of Electrochemical Technology for Water Treatment of Brazilian Industry Effluents
Authors: Carvalho de Almeida Camila , Fernandes da Costa Patricia Rachel , De Macedo Melo Maria Jucilene , Vieira dos Santos Elisama , Martínez-Huitle Carlos A.
Published: April 2018

Electrochemical technologies are a promising alternative for the treatment of wastewaters containing organic pollutants. The main advantages of these processes include environmental compatibility, versatility, energy efficiency, safety, selectivity, amenability to automation and cost effectiveness. However, the effectiveness of the electrochemical approaches depends strongly on electrode materials and cell parameters (mass transport, current density, water composition, etc.). Then, the use of high performance anodic materials can achieve high efficiency and lower the operating cost. Therefore, several research groups are recently studying the applicability of the electrochemical technologies for treating real domestic and industrial effluents, with the aim of that a diversification of techniques must be sought, adapting the treatment to each situation, as much as possible. In this context, this paper presents an overview of the application of electrochemical technologies to treat industrial effluents in the northeastern region of Brazil, emphasizing the use of direct and indirect electrochemical oxidation processes as an alternative to pollution abatement of effluents generated by textile and petrochemical industries.
Electrochemical Dehalogenation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Peters Dennis G. , McGuire Caitlyn M. , Pasciak Erick M. , Peverly Angela A. , Strawsine Lauren M. , Wagoner Elizabeth R. , Barnes J. Tyler
Published: April 2018

This review summarizes our own research, published since 2004, dealing with electrochemical reduction of halogenated organic compounds that are environmental pollutants. Included are sections surveying the direct and mediated reduction of the following species: (a) chlorofluorocarbons; (b) pesticides, fungicides, and bactericides; (c) flame retardants; and (d) disinfection by-products arising from the chlorination of water. To provide the reader with a perspective of these topics beyond our own work, a total of 238 literature citations, pertaining to studies conducted in numerous laboratories around the world, appears at the end of this review.
Influence of EDTA on the Electrochemical Removal of Mercury (II) in Soil from San Joaquín, Querétaro, México
Authors: Robles I. , Serrano T. , Pérez J. J. , Hernández G. , Solís S. , García R. , Pi T. , Bustos E.
Published: April 2018

The removal of mercury from soil and Ca-bentonite was performed using electrochemical treatment adding ethylendiaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a complexing agent to improve the electrochemical removal of Hg (II) in soil from San Joaquín, Querétaro, México. During the electrokinetic treatment in the presence of 0.1 M EDTA, most of Hg (II) migrates toward the anode obtaining the highest removal efficiencies close to 70 % in bentonite after 9 h. Using 0.1M HCl only 65 % efficiency was attained after 13 h in the cathodic side. EDTA formed a negatively charged stable complex that migrates to the cathode by the application of the electrokinetic treatment across Hg – EDTA synthesized complex.
Compost Aided Electrokinetic Remediation of an Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil
Authors: Duarte Medina Ivonne , Bustos Bustos Erika , Teutli León Margarita
Published: April 2018

An electrokinetic treatment was applied to a weathered hydrocarbon polluted soil compost amended. Results have shown an enhancement in hydrocarbon removal since initial concentration was 18700 mg Kg-1, electroremediated soil ended with 7410 mg-Kg-1, while the compost aided electroremediated soil lowered its concentration to 3250 mg-Kg-1. GC-MS soil analysis evidenced complex molecules at the anode section, while simplest molecules were at the cathode section, in this section survival of Eisenia Andrei worms was higher than 90%.
Use of Combined Electrochemical Approaches for Mineralization and Detection of Hydroquinone Using PbO2 Electrodes
Authors: Dos Santos Alexsandro Jhones , De Souza Xavier Daniela Karla , Ribeiro da Silva Djalma , Quiroz Marco Antonio , Martínez-Huitle Carlos A.
Published: April 2018

The electrochemical oxidation (EO) of hydroquinone (H2Q) has been performed, in acidic media, at PbO2 electrode by galvanostatic electrolysis applying 10 and 30 mAcm-2. The concentration of H2Q during its EO was also monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) by using PbO2 electrode. The experimental results of galvanostatic electrolyses showed that the performances of the process remarkably depend on the applied current density and in particular, the removal efficiencies obtained at PbO2 anode were 100% and 80%, at 30 and 10 mAcm-2, respectively. Additionally, the electroanalytical technique was efficiently used as a detection method during H2Q electrooxidation and when DPV analyses were compared with HPLC method, it achieved a good fit, confidence intervals and limits.
Synthesis and Photodynamic Activity of 5,10,15-Tris(p-chlorophenyl)-20-(2- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin
Authors: Balderas-Rentería Isaías , López-Cortina Susana , Arredondo-Espinoza Eder
Published: April 2018

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective option for the treatment of solid neoplastic tumors, as well as non-malignant diseases such as dermatological, ophthalmological and benign pathologies. PDT destroys cancer cells by photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species upon absorption of visible light by a photosensitizing agent (PS). Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of the unsymmetrical A3B porphyrin 5,10,15-Tris(p-chlorophenyl)-20-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin, which presents different groups at the meso positions, p-chlorophenyl and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl and is a novel target molecule in order to evaluate the synergistic effect of these hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties distributed unsymmetrically on the porphyrin macrocycle. We demonstrated the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the synthesized porphyrin, by the WST-1 assay on a cultured human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa ATCC: CCL-2), as well as the presence of apoptosis by T.U.N.E.L. assay. We compared the phototoxicity and intrinsic cytotoxicity of the PS and found a considerable difference in the IC50 between phototoxic activity (1.5 μM) and intrinsic cytotoxicity (7 μM). The results of the induction of apoptosis on HeLa cells treated with the unsymmetrical porphyrin at a final concentration of 80 μM showed 15% apoptotic cells, whereas the untreated HeLa cells had only 2.5% apoptotic cells.
Flavonoids and Triterpenoids from the Roots of Rosa laevigata
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Kaijin , Li Shiping , Zhai Xiangyu , Wang Tianming , Ma Wei , Hu Jun , Wang Shuangshunang
Published: April 2018

Phytochemical investigation on the root of R. laevigata led the isolation and identification of two new flavonoids, (+)-catechin-8-acetic acid (1) and guibourtacacidine 4-methyl ether (2), one known flavonoid, guibourtacacidine (3), along with seven known triterpenoids, euscaphic acid (4), kajiichigoside F1 (5), nigaichigoside F2 (6), rubuside J (7), tomentic acid (8), rosamutin (9) and betulinic acid (10). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparisons with literature data. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed considerable radical scavenging activity in the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Efficient Synthesis of Peptides with 4-Methylpiperidine as Fmoc Removal Reagent by Solid Phase Synthesis
Authors: García Castañeda Javier Eduardo , Vergel Galeano Cristian Francisco , Rivera Monroy Zuly Jenny , Rosas Pérez Javier Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Solid phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc/t-Bu strategy (SPPS-Fmoc/tBu) is the most widely used methodology for obtaining synthetic peptides. In this paper, we evaluate the viability of using 4-methylpiperidine as a reagent for deprotection of the amino acid alpha amino group in SPPS-Fmoc/tBu. For this purpose, the peptide (RRWQWRMKKLG) was simultaneously synthesized using 4-methylpiperidine or piperidine for Fmoc removal reagent. The obtained products had similar purities and yields. Finally, 21 peptides were synthesized using 4-methylpiperidine. Our results suggest that is possible to obtain synthetic peptides efficiently by the strategy SPPS-Fmoc/tBu when 4-methylpiperidine was used as reagent to remove Fmoc groups N-alpha protected amino acids.
Rare earth conversion coatings grown on AA6061 aluminum alloys. Corrosion studies.
Authors: Domínguez-Crespo Miguel Antonio , Brachetti-Sibaja Silvia Beatriz , Torres-Huerta Aidé Minerva , De La Cruz-Hernández Wencel
Published: April 2018

The present work is aimed to investigate the corrosion resistance of rare earth (RE) protective coatings deposited by spontaneous deposition on AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates. Coatings were deposited from water-based Ce(NO3)3 and La(NO3)3 solutions by varying parameters such as rare earth solution concentration, bath temperature and immersion time. The values of the Tafel slopes indicate that the cathodic process is favored by concentration polarization rather than activation polarization.
Analytical Microsystem for the Monitoring and Analysis of Cobalt in Aqueous Solutions Using LTCC Technology
Authors: Bustos López Olga Natalia , Valdés Perezgasga Francisco , Moreno Casillas Héctor Aurelio , Chamarro Julián Alonso , Coto Fuentes Hesner
Published: April 2018

This work is focused on the design and implementation of a microsystem for continuous colorimetric determination of cobalt in aqueous solutions in real time.  The main goal is the colorimetric determination of cobalt by adapting colorimetric methodologies used in discontinuous analysis systems to a continuous flow system and its subsequent miniaturization using the LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) technology. The measure absorbance was recorded using an optical detection system based on a LED (Light Emitting Diode) with a wavelength of 540 nm.
Poly(Methacryloiloxy-o-Benzoic Acid) as Drug Carrier for Controlled Release
Authors: Cornejo-Bravo José Manuel , Gómez Reséndiz Víctor , Serrano-Medina Aracely , Carrillo-Cedillo Eugenia Gabriela , Cornejo Manuel
Published: April 2018

Poly(methacryloiloxy-o-benzoic acid), an amphiphilic weak polyelectrolyte was bound by secondary forces to cationic drugs (propranolol. HCl and labetalol.HCl) to form water-insoluble complexes that release the bound drug only in ionic media. Compressed tablets were prepared from the polymer-drug complexes formed. The complex with propranolol suffers a fast release in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), but presents a diffusion controlled release at pH 6.8 and 7.4. Moreover, the complex with labetalol (a less water soluble drug) presents controlled release at the three pH values studied. In this case, release is controlled by the erosion of the tablets. The results indicate that PMAOB is a good carrier for oral release of poorly soluble cationic drugs.
essential oil; lavender; antimicrobial activity; bioactive compound; GC-MS; Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Authors: Del Rayo Camacho-Corona María , Esquivel-Ferriño Patricia C. , Clemente-Soto Aldo F. , Ramírez-Cabriales Mayela Y. , Garza-González Elvira , Alvarez Laura
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is a great cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and co-infection TB-AIDS led to the need to develop new TB drugs, and plants could be a source of them. The hexane extract of Citrus sinensis with anti-TB activity was analyzed by GC-MS. This analysis showed the presence of 40 volatile components, including monoterpenes (81.74%), sesquiterpenes (1.32%), fatty acids (1.15%), and some other oxygenated non-aromatic compounds (15.73%). Some identified compounds were tested against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and one clinical isolated MDR M. tuberculosis strain. Results showed that palmitic acid, decanal, caryophyllene oxide, and cis-limonene oxide contributed to the anti-TB activity of hexane extract of C. sinensis peel.
Synthesis and Characterization of K2Ln2/3Ta2O7·nH2O (Ln= La, Pr, Nd), Layered Tantalates Photocatalysts for Water Splitting.
Authors: Valencia-Sanchez Hoover
Published: April 2018

Three compounds of the K2Ln2/3Ta2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Pr) cation-deficient Ruddlesden-Popper series were prepared by the Pechini (polymeric complex) method. The crystal structures of the hydrated form of these compounds were determined by Rietveld analysis of the X-ray powder diffraction data and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The samples were also analyzed to determine specific area (BET), degree of hydration (TGA), and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water and aqueous methanol solution.
Application of Wavelet and Genetic Algorithms for QSAR Study on 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors and Design New Compounds
Authors: Bagheban Shahri Fatemeh
Published: April 2018

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling was carried out for the prediction of inhibitory activity of 1-phenyl[2H]-tetrahydro-triazine-3-one analogues as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase. Partial least squares (PLS) algorithm was employed to model the relationships between molecular descriptors and inhibitory activity of molecules using the genetic algorithm (GA) method as variable selection tool. Pre-processing methods such as wavelet transform (WT) were also used to enhance the predictive power of multivariate calibration methods. To evaluate the models applied in this study (PLS, GA-PLS and WT-GA-PLS), the inhibitory activities of several compounds, not included in the modeling procedure, were predicted. The results of models showed high prediction ability with root mean square error of prediction 0.194, 0.161 and 0.140 for PLS, GA-PLS and WT-GA-PLS, respectively. The WT-GA-PLS method was employed to predict the inhibitory activity of the new inhibitor derivatives.
Cytotoxic Constituents from the Stem Bark of Alvaradoa amorphoides
Authors: Peraza-Sanchez Sergio R.
Published: April 2018

The chemical study of Alvaradoa amorphoides led to the isolation of four major constituents: chrysophanol (1), β-sitosterol (2), atraric acid (3), and 17-octadecen-6-ynoic acid (4). All compounds were evaluated on in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative assays. Atraric acid and 17-octadecen-6-ynoic acid showed cytotoxic activity. Additionally, compound 4 exhibited cytotoxic activity showing a certain degree of selectivity against cancer cell lines.
Removal of Direct dyes with Alginic acid
Authors: Marañón-Ruiz Virginia-Francisca
Published: April 2018

The interaction of Alginic acid with three direct dyes (Direct blue 1, Direct red 81, and Direct black 22) was studied. It was found that as a result of this interaction formation of adducts after addition of calcium ion, facilitates their removal from aqueous solution. Our results suggest a relationship among physico-chemical properties of each dye and its removal efficiency. The main mechanisms involved in dye removal are electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Free Radicals Induced Oxidative Stress at a Molecular Level: The Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives of Computational Chemistry Based Protocols
Authors: Galano Annia
Published: April 2018

Oxidative stress is frequently caused by an excess of free radicals and has been associated with a wide variety of health disor-ders. Therefore, finding strategies for scavenging free radicals has be-come an active area of research. This review summarizes, from a physicochemical perspective, relevant strategies to fight oxidative stress via antioxidants, including prevention, deactivation of oxidants, and repair of damaged targets. Different reaction mechanisms in-volved in the chemical protection exerted by antioxidants are dis-cussed, as well as their relative importance depending on several aspects. Some of them are the polarity of the environment, the pH of aqueous phase, and the chemical nature of the reacting radicals. Data that can currently be obtained from computational, quantum, chemis-try, protocols are detailed and their reliability is analyzed. Viable crite-ria to identify optimal antioxidants using such protocols are provided. Current challenges and future directions in this area of research are discussed. A large set of antioxidants are compared and their trends in activity, based on kinetic data, is provided.
Quinone Redox-active Ionic Liquids
Authors: Doherty Andrew Patrick , Patterson Sean , Diaconu Laura Diaconu , Graham Louise , Barhdadi Rachid , Puchelle Valentin , Wagner Klaudia , Office David L , Chen Jun , Wallace Gordon G
Published: April 2018

Simple ionic liquids exhibit unique physical and chemicalproperties that make them very useful for deployment in electrochemicaldevices such as solvent-free electrolytes in capacitors and batteries.However, incorporating redox functionality into ionic liquidstructures opens up in situ faradaic electrochemistry which allows accessto a large array of new electrochemical applications reliant uponheterogeneous or homogenous electron-transfer processes. This paperpresents and discusses the opportunities and challenges for these typesof electro-materials across a myriad of applications by consideringexemplar quinone-functionalised ionic liquids.
PERBANDINGAN ENTREPRENEUR INTENTION PADA MAHASISWA MANAJEMEN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GRESIK
Authors: Khabibah Ichnatul
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research is to identify the difference entrepreneur intention college student management 2012-2013 and college student management 2013-2014 and identify the influence need for achievement, norma subjective, self-efficacy, and innovation variable, that was entrepreneur intention. This research used 167 respondents as samples. Primer data were used in this research. This research tested four independent variables, need for achievement, norma subjective, self-efficacy, and innovation variable, that was entrepreneur intention. This research is also to find out the effect of the difference entrepreneur intention college student management 2012-2013 and college student management 2013-2014 and the influence need for achievement, norma subjective, self-efficacy, and innovation variable, that was entrepreneur intentionby using mann-whitney u test and two-way linear regression method. The result of the research showed that no difference entrepreneur intention college student management 2012-2013 and college student management 2013-2014 and need for achievement, norma subjective, self-efficacy significantly affect entrepreneur intention, but innovation no significantly affect entrepreneur intention.
ETIKA KERJA ISLAM SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING ANTARA INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL DENGAN ROLE CONFLICT KARYAWAN WANITA BERHIJAB
Authors: Nuraini Dewi
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine and explain the significance of the influence of Internal Locus of Control on Role Conflict with the ethics of Islamic work as intervening variable relationship. The type of research used in this research is explanatory research with quantitative research method. In this study using 3 (three) variables of internal locus of control as free variables, Islamic work ethics as intervening and role conflict variables as dependent variables. Where respondents in this study as many as 92 female respondents berhijab.This study uses statistical analysis regression path analysis method using SPSS 16 for windows and sobel test. To see the effect of mediation or intervening. Based on the results of the analysis show that the four hypotheses submitted accepted the truth, but the relationship between ethical work of Islam and positive role conflict in this study
SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING PADA PENYANDANG TUNA DAKSA
Authors: Al-Karimah Nur Fadhilah
Published: April 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan subjective well being pada penyandang tunadaksa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perasaan bahagia muncul ketika para informan dapat berkumpul bersama keluarga, teman, dan mendapatkan keluarga baru ketika berada di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Sosial Bina Daksa (BBRSBD) Prof.Dr. Soeharso Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data adalah dengan metode wawancara dengan lima informan penelitian penyandang tunadakasa. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis tematik.Keempat subjek sudah merasa puas ketika mereka berada di BBRSBD Prof. Dr.Soeharso Surakarta karena mereka mendapatkan bimbingan ketrampilan yang dapat menjadi modal utama untuk bekerja atau berwirausaha ketika sudah lulus dari BBRSBD, ketrampilan tersebut bisa sebagai modal untuk menghidupi keluarga subjek. Namun satu subjek belum merasa puas tentang kemampuan individu dalam menerima kehidupanya, hal ini terbukti karena subjek masih belum mendapatkan sesuatu yang diinginkan oleh subjek, seperti mengejar cita-cita agar menjadi orang yang sukses, dan dapat berprestasi atau menang dalam suatu perlombaan.
Central banks and the rights and freedoms of the citizen
Authors: Schneider Henrique
Published: April 2018

When central banks act, their policies and instruments impact not only on the economy, but on people’s rights as well. For this reason, central banks depend on politics, since politics is the organization of the polity – in which central banks and people’s rights are all incorporated. The same applies to an operational level: the central banks are interconnected with other institutions, for instance, the Executive Branch, economic agents and the whole economy through money, interest rates, and more recently, through “unorthodox monetary policy”. This paper examines how central banks operate pursuing the enlargement of the scope of their activities, the expansion of their means, and  their reach. The aim of this article is to highlight that, by putting into practice what has been mentioned above, central banks reduce citizens’ freedom and rights. This analysis is applied to two cases, the “unorthodox monetary policy” and the ban on cash. Given these points, the possible remedies of the expansion of the activities of the central banks will be discussed.
A young man with bleeding esophageal varices
Authors: Chonprasertsuk Soonthorn
Published: April 2018

The noncirrhotic portal hypertension is an uncommon cause of bleeding esophageal varices. This condition must be suspected in patients with preserved liver function. We report a 25-year old man with SLE disease who presented with hematemesis. He had no history or risk factors for an underlying liver condition. A huge splenomegaly was detected by physical examination. The EGD found three large varices with red wale sign, whereas liver function tests were unremarkable. The noncirrhotic portal hypertension was diagnosed and confirmed by liver histopathology.
Optimasi Rute Untuk Software Defined Networking-Wide Area Network (SDN-WAN) Dengan Openflow Protocol
Authors: Huddiniah Estu Rizky , Safitri Eristya Maya , Priyambada Satrio Adi , Nasrullah Muhammad , Angresti Nisa Dwi
Published: April 2018

Semakin berkembangnya teknologi saat ini berbanding lurus dengan kebutuhan akan proses mengelola dan monitoring jaringan yang lebih efektif dan efisien. TE (Traffic Engineering) dikembangkan untuk mengoptimalkan arus data dalam jaringan untuk memenuhi tingkat QoS (Quality of Services) dalam penggunaan jaringan. Namun, TE memiliki tantangan dalam hal kompleksitas komunikasi dan algoritma yang dapat meningkatkan kebutuhan akan sumber daya jaringan. SDN (Software Defined Networking) merupakan suatu teknologi jaringan terbaru untuk mengatasi tantangan yang ada pada TE. Dengan pengaturan secara terpusat (centralized control) dan lebih fleksible, SDN secara signifikan dapat memangkas penggunaan sumber daya jaringan komunikasi yang dibutuhkan untuk kebermanfaatan sumber daya jaringan secara keseluruhan. Makalah ini akan mengulas beberapa literatur terkait metode optimasi routing pada jaringan dengan menggunakan teknologi SDN yang berfokus pada SDN-WAN (Software Defined Networking – Wide Area Network).
Optimasi Algoritma Genetika Dalam Menentukan Rute Optimal Topologi Cincin Pada Wide Area Network
Authors: Muftikhali Qilbaaini Effendi , Yudhistira Arnoldus Yansen Friska Danar , Kusumawati Aris , Hidayat Syukron
Published: April 2018

Implementasi jaringan komputer memiliki banyak masalah, terutama pada Wide Area Network (WAN), salah satunya adalah masalah routing. Routing masalah adalah bagaimana melakukan transmisi data antara node dengan jalur tercepat, terutama dalam topologi ring. Dalam topologi ring, setiap simpul hanya bisa dilalui oleh sebanyak satu. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, kami menggunakan algoritma genetika. Kami telah diuji pada arsitektur wan dari PT. XYZ terletak di Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Dengan ukuran populasi 100, metode seleksi elitisme, dan tingkat mutasi 0,08, hasil yang optimal diperoleh dengan jarak akhir adalah 44. Penggunaan metode seleksi elitisme dan nilai rate mutasi sangat berpengaruh untuk mendapatkan rute yang optimal.
Penerapan Formula Haversine Pada Sistem Informasi Geografis Pencarian Jarak Terdekat Lokasi Lapangan Futsal
Authors: Yulianto Yulianto , Ramadiani Ramadiani , Kridalaksana Awang Harsa
Published: April 2018

Kota Samarinda terdapat lebih 20 lapangan futsal, pengguna membutuhkan informasi atau kriteria untuk memilih lapangan futsal terbaik sesuai kebutuhan sedangkan informasi tentang lokasi, harga dan kondisi lapangan masih terbatas. Hal ini dapat membuat sebagian pengguna memilih lapangan futsal yang letaknya jauh karena tidak memiliki informasi yang cukup tentang lapangan futsal terdekat. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut diperlukan sistem yang dapat menyajikan informasi dan difasilitasi dengan pencarian jarak terdekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem informasi geografis yang menampilkan informasi dan lokasi lapangan futsal yang disajikan dalam bentuk peta digital. Penelitian ini menerapkan formula Haversine untuk pencarian lokasi terdekat, GoogleMaps sebagai pembangung peta digital, dan dikembangkan berbasis website.
A matematika helye az óvoda életében
Authors: Szitányi Judit , Bagota Mónika , Pintér Klára
Published: April 2018

Napjaink közoktatásában hangsúlyos szerepet kap az óvoda-iskola átmenetének kérdése. A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia által finanszírozott, Korszerű komplex matematikaoktatás kutatócsoport 6. számú csoportjának célja az óvodáskorú gyermekek matematikai fogalomalkotásának vizsgálata. Széleskörű, tevékenység-alapú vizsgálatot végzünk a logikai képességek és a számfogalom szintjeinek meghatározásához. Ezzel kívánjuk feltárni az azonos életkorú gyerekek közötti különbségeket, valamint a számfogalom és a logikai képességek korrelációját. Munkánk kiindulópontjaként a matematikai nevelés jelenlegi helyét és szerepét igyekszünk meghatározni. Ehhez nemzetközi összehasonlító dokumentumelemzést végzünk, valamint nagymintás (N=253) kérdőíves felmérés adatait dolgozzuk fel. Ez a tanulmány a kérdőív kiértékelése során szerzett legfontosabb adatokat és következtetéseket mutatja be, amelyek által képet kaphatunk az óvoda pedagógiai gyakorlatáról. Kutatásunk eredményeit a szakmai közösségek mellett az oktatásirányítás résztvevői is hasznosíthatják.