bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving Latino Psychosocial and Health Problems
Authors: Organista Kurt C.
Published: September 2023

This book provides a comprehensive review and analysis of psychosocial and health problems over-affecting Latino populations in the United States, and their mitigation through evidence-based, culturally adapted, and community-based interventions, programs, and institutions. A Sociocultural Practice Model for Working with Latino Populations directs attention to salient social and cultural factors that contextualize Latino psychosocial and health problems and their solutions, including multilevel practice. The first half of the book enhances sociocultural awareness and sensitivity by applying a tight set of social science theories and frameworks to the social and cultural experience of Latinos in America: acculturation, social stratification, racial and ethnic identity development, and intersectionality. New to this edition is a chapter on Americans of Dominican and Central American descent, complementing the updated chapter on Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban Americans from the first edition. The book’s second half features updated chapters on the Latino family, Latinx youth, Latino health, and Latino mental, addressing challenges related to acculturative stress and socioeconomic status. Socioculturally competent interventions including family therapy, full service schools, and integrated behavioral health care, are explored, as is the integration of promotores de salud [health workers] into community-based care. A subsequent chapter provides an updated primer on Latino political power, and a new final chapter to this edition provides an overview of Latino resistance, agency, and social movements. Together, the last two chapters enhance understanding of how Latino communities continue lifting their social positionality, health and well-bein, in ways that can be supported and integrated into multilevel practice.
Sociocultural Practice Model for Latino Populations
Authors: Organista Kurt C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter advances a sociocultural practice model for addressing Latino psychosocial and health problems in a contextualized manner that maximizes the probability of effective assessment and intervention. Relevant constructs such as cultural sensitivity, competence, and humility are critiqued including a brief review of the outcome literature on the components of cultural competence and its effectiveness. Practice model dimensions (availability and access; problem assessment in sociocultural context, interventions congruent with assessment, and accountability to clients) are discussed in relation to the Latino social and cultural experience in America, including an ecological-systems framework for illuminating needed multilevel (micro, meso, and macro) practice approaches.
Latino Power Primer
Authors: Organista Kurt C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides practitioners with a primer on Latino political power, including how they may play important roles given the centrality of political power in Latino SES and well-being. Emphasized are the three major dimensions of political power with salient examples of their historical and current enhancement: (1) Participation; (2) Representation; and (3) Policy Benefit. California’s Latino Legislative Caucus is profiled as a blueprint for Latino power given its historical rise and how its priority-agenda legislation reflects the state’s historical shift from policy done to Latinos to policy done for Latinos, as well as for working-class California more generally.
Latino Resistance, Activism, and Social Movements Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Organista Kurt C.
Published: September 2023

This final chapter provides a historical through present day overview of Latino resistance, activism, and social movements that continue to advance Latino social positionality and well-being in America. Key struggles, political leaders and organizations, are highlighted with emphasis on the current immigration rights movement, the inhospitable climate surrounding Latino immigration, and the cross-race and class coalitions necessary for sustainable human and civil rights and countering polarization in America. Such background information is foundational to enhancing professional practice by elevating awareness of Latino social and cultural assets which can be supported and integrated into interventions to more effectively mitigate psychosocial and health problems over-affecting Latino populations in the United States.
A regulatory fucking mess
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This chapter details the regulations on swearing. Around the world, rules designed to prohibit, censor, or punish swearing are enshrined in laws, broadcasting codes, and professional and sporting practices. Moreover, judgments about exactly what someone is doing with their words can have life-or-death consequences. The chapter notes how grappling with ambiguities is a common feature of communication with others, citing how a situation may be more confusing when swearing is involved. It details the importance of avoiding confusion and promoting fairness in regulations around swearing, citing that rulemakers need to provide specific guidance about what sorts of factors make an instance of swearing particularly objectionable.
How to do things with swearing
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses some influential work in the philosophy of language to sketch out a framework that can be used to make sensible decisions about how to regulate swearing. According to Oxford philosopher John Langshaw Austin, language is not simply a tool to describe or refer to things in the world as it can be used to perform various speech acts. However, Austin believes that swearing expresses feelings, but it does not necessarily fit the framework he sketched. The chapter also considers how speech acts can be performed without using words and through gestures. It cites how the offensiveness of offensive gestures can be explained by offense escalation similar to swear words.
Fairer swearers
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This chapter considers how bias and influence affect offensive swearing. Swearing’s power to shock and offend means that whenever someone swears, people can hear the threat they are making, the anger they are expressing, or the contempt they are conveying. Instead of relying on gut feelings to compare the offensiveness of swearing, people should identify individual factors that make swearing more or less offensive. The chapter explains that the judgment should not infer the swearers’ race, gender, accent, or other irrelevant considerations to ensure it remains relevant to the situation. It considers the social intuitionist model of moral judgment to provide a framework that can help understand how to train judgments to be more accurate.
Cunt and ‘cunt’
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This chapter looks into how to mitigate the offensiveness of swear words while referencing the term cunt. It introduces the concept of sanitization wherein a swear word is partially or wholly censored by replacing some or all of the letters in a written swear word. The most universally recognized method of sanitizing swear words is using asterisks and bleeps. The chapter explains that the mitigation of unsanitized swear words' offensiveness involves quoting and mentioning, but both methods do not completely protect against causing offense. It mentions how news outlets use sanitization all the time since they have to balance conveying the message while adhering to their policies around language use.
How the f*** do asterisks work?
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This chapter looks into the effectiveness of asterisks in mitigating swear words. The practice of sanitising swear words with asterisks or other symbols is widely and effectively used as a way of communicating swear words without causing offense. sanitization signals the speaker's intentions and attitudes toward her audience. Moreover, sanitization works in a similar way to many other widely accepted ways of expressing respect. The sanitization also allows the writer to communicate the swear word while also communicating that she recognizes its offensiveness and wants to mitigate that offensiveness. The chapter mentions how sanitization is sometimes ineffective at reducing offensiveness as it could only make matters worse.
Conclusion
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This conclusive chapter considers swearing as a form of superpower. It highlights the vast complexity and richness of the way people use language to relate to each other. Swearing unveils how language can be used to express and communicate emotion, intimacy, and shared values. Moreover, the knee-jerk response to swearing can conceal bias and prejudice, which could be a problem if the assumptions are fast-tracked into law or any formal regulations. The chapter then expounds on how to use the power of swearing to reflect and reinforce social values in order to create a more just society and fight injustice.
Before the Strike
Authors: Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Florence , Thomlinson Natalie
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the contours of ‘traditional’ mining communities pre-1939, and surveys the many social changes that affected miners, their wives, families, and communities in the decades after 1945. It analyses changes in fertility, working patterns, education, and patterns of home-ownership in coalfield communities in Britain in the twentieth century. It explores how coalfield communities changed in Britain in this period, and looks at patterns of gendered space within them. Finally, it examines the relationship of coalfield women to politics during this period, and also looks at the politics of the NUM immediately prior to the strike of 1984–5. It argues that many of the features that were seen as novel in coalfields by left-wing commentators during the 1984–5 strike, such as women’s political participation, were in fact visible long before the dispute.
Introduction
Authors: Zimmermann Jens
Published: September 2023

In this introductory chapter, editor Jens Zimmermann enumerates, by way of Martin Heidegger, Michel Henry, Nikolai Berdyaev, Jacques Ellul, and others, the many challenges that modern technology poses to genuine human flourishing—constriction of the imagination; exploitation of persons and the natural world; abuses of instrumental power; the quantification and economic liquidation of all things; and so on. He traces these changes back to revolutions in human understanding of and interaction with the world as early as the seventeenth century: Galileo’s mathematization of the universe, and Descartes’ cleaving and disintegration of the mind and body in anthropology. Despite the obvious benefits of modern technological advancement, these highly questionable and impoverished philosophical transitions have led to the rise of what Michel Henry calls a ‘techno-scientific’ vision of reality, which effects both a reduction of all experience into mere technical problems to be solved; and, in turn, a severe neglect of features of human being integral to what it means to be a true person: embodiment, relationality, creativity, and spontaneity. Zimmermann concludes by introducing the chapters that comprise the volume.
From Living Souls to Software Selves
Authors: Doede Robert
Published: September 2023

Robert Doede’s chapter on the intellectual history of technology will provide the interpretive framework for the remaining chapters in this volume. In his contribution, he delineates some of the key conceptual shifts—the late medieval via moderna, early modern science’s mechanical metaphors for the universe, the late modern information revolution—in the history of the West that have crucially contributed to the plausibility of the contemporary transhumanist project of engineering mind-uploading. Doede explains how it is that contemporary scientists, philosophers, and intelligent laypersons find it easy, indeed almost natural, to take seriously that they are beings whose living identities are capable of being captured as digital software patterns, thereby decoupled from their vital bodies, and then uploaded onto a non-biodegradable substrate where they can carry on their lives in perpetuity; and why such a vision is, despite its mechanistic grammar, one fundamentally characterized as a striving for the re-enchantment of the world.
Oh, That We Might Learn to See Everything Differently
Authors: Moyse Ashley John
Published: September 2023

Heeding American theologian William Stringfellow’s claim that dissent is a humanizing action, Ashley Moyse here exposes the failure of transhumanists to see human being rightly. Employing critical philosophy of technology, he shows how the modern imagination in general has been turned away from the real world of life and toward the fictional world of a future perfect of re-engineered and re-animated zeros and ones, or sequences of qubits, which in turn leads to the construction of anti-human desires. Concomitantly, while dissenting from the profane doctrine that perpetuates such desires, the chapter points, by way of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Karl Barth (among others), toward a schooling in and by Christ, a turn toward Christian traditions and their treatment of the body, in order to present a robust theological examination of the biological reality of being. Such reality will be illumined to demonstrate that the body—the physical word of the soul—is essential for unity.
Human Flourishing, Disability, and Technology
Authors: McLaughlin Eleanor
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, Eleanor McLaughlin assesses the role of technology in the flourishing of disabled persons in two steps. First, she defines human flourishing as depending in large part on our relationships with others. The author suggests that, despite Christian theology’s historical failure to understand this relational core of human flourishing (evidenced by the church’s supporting the us/them divide between people with and without disabilities), there are nevertheless resources within theology—e.g., Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s and Deborah Creamer’s treatments of ontological limitedness—that can help overcome this divide and thus strengthen relationships between all people. Having distinguished between ontological limitedness which enables flourishing and limits that prevent it, McLaughlin secondly assesses the value of technological enhancement for disabled persons. This distinction allows an evaluation of technology which is positive when technology’s role is to help us overcome specific limits preventing us from flourishing (particularly in helping us build relationships with others), but which is negative when technology seeks to eradicate the ontological ‘limitness’ (cf. Creamer) that gives us the potential to experience God’s grace in our embodied life.
Rethinking Democratic Innovation
Authors: Hendriks Frank
Published: September 2023

Rethinking Democratic Innovation takes a fresh look at diverging visions of improving democratic governance and asks whether these existing tensions could be made productive. Could different visions of democratic revitalization complement and correct each other in ways that are good for democracy? Is it conceivable that combined approaches address a larger part of the democratic challenge, while isolated approaches, centralizing either deliberative or plebiscitary democracy, are confined to more limited areas of concern? This book ultimately provides an affirmative answer, outlining the scope for hybrid democratic innovations that thrive on exploiting, not eliminating, tensions between diverging visions of improved democracy. Supplementing democratic theory with a cultural perspective, this book contributes to a deeper understanding of plans and methods geared towards improving democratic governance. Revisiting Mary Douglas’s seminal take on culture as pollution reduction, processes of democratic innovation are understood as instances of cultural cleaning in public governance. Rethinking Democratic Innovation recognizes that democratic cleaning will never be finished but can be done in ways that are more productive. Reflecting on varieties of hybrid democratic innovation—deliberative referendums, Participatory Budgeting-new style, and more—the author posits that more versatile, connective, and embedded innovations stand a better chance of high performance on a broader spectrum than democratic innovations falling short of these qualities.
A cultural perspective on purity and democracy
Authors: Hendriks Frank
Published: September 2023

This chapter overlays democratic theory with a cultural perspective for gaining a deeper understanding of the ideational variety and social interplay in the quest for democratic betterment. Taking the broader concept with the longest historical lines—democratic reform—as a point of departure, Chapter 2 reveals how this can be understood on a deeper level when using and expanding a conceptual framework inspired by the anthropologist Mary Douglas. Revisiting her seminal take on culture as anomaly management and pollution reduction—‘dirt is matter out of place’—democratic reform is understood as culturally-informed cleaning—an alternation of polishing up (institutionalizing) and rubbing out (de-institutionalizing) what is assumed to be proper (in place), respectively improper (out of place), in democracy. Chapter 2 illuminates culturally-inspired positive and negative feedback mechanisms, fundamental to democratic reform, and by extension to more recent expressions framed as democratic innovation.
Between counters and talkers
Authors: Hendriks Frank
Published: September 2023

This chapter revisits the contrast between deliberative and plebiscitary formats, discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, from the angle of democratic-cum-cultural theory, outlined in Chapter 2. Against this backdrop, Chapter 5 explores what is budding, often experimentally, in the area between the two poles. At first sight, much of this seems to be played out in the lower half of the democratic-cultural matrix—where bottom-up visions of aggregative voting and counting (‘healthy aggregation’) coexist with bottom-up visions of integrative talk and collaboration (‘smart sourcing’). On closer inspection, however, citizen-focused concepts of innovation always compete and chafe with visions championing power distance in democracy—political representation, delegation, mandate, leadership. The chapter underscores that the full matrix of citizen-oriented and representative democracy is needed to understand actually existing varieties and interactions, which can in turn help to advance democratic innovation.
Safe Haven
Authors: Silverman Jon , Sherwood Robert
Published: September 2023

This book provides a forensic examination of the police and legal inquiries which took place in the UK into Nazi collaborators after the passage of the controversial War Crimes Act in 1991. It provides revelatory information about some of the suspects from Eastern Europe given refuge in Britain after 1945 and explains, for the first time in print, why there was only one conviction out of hundreds of cases looked at. Disclosures by senior lawyers and police officers in the war crimes units, buttressed by archival documents, including transcripts of interviews with suspects, show that by imposing restrictive criteria about who should be prosecuted, the UK effectively divorced the war crimes process from the Holocaust. Detailed case histories make clear that, as a result, senior figures in locally recruited units which killed thousands in Belarus and Latvia, lived in the UK with impunity for half a century after the war.
Introduction
Authors: Silverman Jon , Sherwood Robert
Published: September 2023

The Introduction sets out the stringent criteria applied by the Crown Prosecution Service which restricted potential prosecutions to cases where the suspects were in a position of command and the victims were Jewish civilians—requirements that were not part of the War Crimes Act. It reveals an overwhelming juridical attachment by the UK to courtroom precedent and procedure, thereby divorcing the crimes from the enormity of the Holocaust. It highlights the dissonance between this approach and the burgeoning Holocaust awareness of the mid-to-late 1990s, and relates this caution to the immediate post-war reluctance to continue war crimes trials. It investigates the role of the Soviet Union, through the Extraordinary State Commission, in investigating and detailing the atrocities committed in occupied territory and compiling lists of perpetrators, many of whom fled to the West at the war’s end.
The Soviet Hunt for War Criminals Who Fled to the West
Authors: Silverman Jon , Sherwood Robert
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 recounts the relentless pursuit of war criminals by the Soviet Union after the Extraordinary State Commission had recorded hundreds of thousands of crimes in the occupied territories and listed the names of those believed to have been responsible. It explores Soviet extradition requests to the UK beginning in 1947 and continuing into the 1980s. Although all were rejected on the grounds that a suspect could not get a fair trial under the Soviet system, this chapter discloses soul-searching in parts of the UK Foreign Office over the realization that the country was harbouring alleged war criminals. The subject of one such failed extradition request—who was subsequently investigated by the War Crimes Unit—was a member of the Caucasian Company. The chapter records the atrocities committed by the Company in Ukraine and Crimea in collaboration with Einsatzgruppe D, and reveals that the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) was involved in bringing this man, Avto Pardzhadnadze, to the UK after the war. The chapter provides details of Belorussian suspects who arrived in the UK after the war and were subsequently investigated but not prosecuted.
The Latvian Death Commando
Authors: Silverman Jon , Sherwood Robert
Published: September 2023

Chapter 3 recounts the case history of Harijs Svikeris, a senior officer in a notorious Latvian killing unit called the Arãjs Kommando, which killed thousands of Jews in Latvia, including the Rumbula Forest massacre in Riga. The elimination of Latvian Jewry could not have been accomplished without willing, locally recruited collaborators such as Harijs Svikeris, who was one of three suspects about whom the Hetherington-Chalmers Inquiry said there was a prima facie case to answer. The head of Scotland Yard’s War Crimes Unit thought the evidence was strong enough to take to court but the CPS declined to prosecute because of a lack of eyewitness testimony. This case exemplifies the core problem: that the application of normative juridical rules hamstrung the prosecution of even the most egregious Nazi collaborators. However, it also confirms that, in the absence of much historical documentation, war crimes investigations have played a valuable role in unearthing facts about the Latvian Holocaust and local complicity. The chapter looks more broadly at Latvian collaborators, including the odyssey of Konrad Kalejs, who fled to Australia after the war but also briefly sought sanctuary in the UK in the 1990s.
Introduction
Authors: Hunter Walt
Published: September 2023

This introduction begins with a particularly important precursor for the American house poem, the British country-house poem, focusing on its flourishing in Ben Jonson, Aemilia Lanyer, and Andrew Marvell. The country-house poem generated a robust conversation about the nature of poetic genre that took its test cases from the early seventeenth century but offers enduring lessons for the study of modern and contemporary poetry. Building on the contributions made by Barbara Lewalski, Raymond Williams, and others, this chapter ties the renewals of the house poem as a genre to the cycles of historical capitalism. Looking at more recent theorists, the chapter also traces poetic subgenre as a way of encoding assumptions about gender, race, and style. Tying this analysis of genre to recent work in political economy, the emergence of the house poem as a genre appears inseparable from the emergence of the United States as a global economic power.
Unmaking a Home
Authors: Hunter Walt
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that Adrienne Rich’s poetry of the suburban house is particularly invested in the house’s failure. Through an examination of the enclosure of women that features in the ideology of the suburban home, Rich’s poetry splinters the view of the single-family house as the anchor of American democracy. Rich’s house poems offer up exploratory images for a society that cannot decide whether the house is part of political life or a refuge from it. Thinking through the house with language, this chapter also examines the ways language parallels the home in its potential for quiet weaponization. Rich’s house poems explore both the ambivalence of the house as a shelter and an enclosure and the ambivalence of language as a tool and an entrapment for social thought.
The American Poetic Subprime
Authors: Hunter Walt
Published: September 2023

Twenty-first century poems by Jericho Brown, Nikki Wallschlaeger, Jennifer S. Cheng, Divya Victor, and Tracy K. Smith craft a politics and poetics of domestic interiors by recentering the house poem around the bodies, affects, and perceptions the genre has traditionally excluded. Attending to the generic contexts for contemporary US poetry clarifies the nature of political speech found in some of its dominant strains, which can depend as much on the arguments the poems conduct with poetic histories as on the rhetorical stances they take in the political present. In tracing the distinction between seventeenth and twenty-first century house poems, this chapter argues that contemporary American house poems are marked by both the exploitation of potential homeowners and by successful attempts to carve out a domestic poetics of ethical care, linguistic hospitality, and phenomenological richness of detail.
Becoming Assemblage
Authors: Asenbaum Hans
Published: September 2023

Democratic participation is often described in spatial terms. New forms of participation such as citizens’ assemblies or social movement gatherings are referred to as ‘democratic spaces’. Yet, it remains unclear what is spatial about this kind of democratic engagement. This chapter develops an in-depth conceptualization of democratic space and asks how the identities of participants are produced within these spaces. It brings together two strands of literature, combining insights from the study of physical sites of democratic engagement with studies that use the term ‘space’ in a metaphorical sense to conceptualize social and discursive interaction. Drawing on Hannah Arendt and Judith Butler’s work on the space of appearance and taking inspiration from new materialist thought, the chapter generates a concept of democratic spaces as assemblages consisting of material objects, sentient bodies, and performative expressions. The interaction between these components affords, restricts, and suggests possible action. The chapter draws on a variety of empirical examples including parliamentary buildings, the occupations of public squares, and the seating order in citizens’ assemblies to explore the effects of material, sentient, and performative space. Democratic subjects and their identities are simultaneously products and producers of democratic spaces. Spaces and subjects relate to one another in a dialectical manner so that alterations of identity trigger alterations of space and vice versa.
Becoming Multiple
Authors: Asenbaum Hans
Published: September 2023

When we take part in democratic spaces such as citizens’ assemblies or social movement gatherings, we are judged by our looks, our gender, race, sexuality, age, and bodily ability. Our everyday identities restrict how we can express ourselves, what we can say and who we can be. This chapter develops the concept of a politics of becoming which is realized through disidentification. It explores the freedom of the democratic subject to change. It first considers feminist, participatory, deliberative, and agonistic theory in the search for modes of self-transformation. As these four perspectives render limited results, the chapter introduces a recently evolving perspective: transformative democracy calls for radical transformation of society, as a deep experience of freedom and equality. This transformative perspective enables a politics of becoming. At the heart of the politics of becoming is the notion of disidentification—the rejection of hegemonic identity interpellations through social movements. This results in the emergence of new collective subjects with improper names, such as the ‘99 percent’ or ‘Anonymous’. What remains unexplained, however, is how disidentification can be experienced on an individual rather than a collective level. To answer this question, the chapter infuses transformative democratic thought with intersectional and Black queer theory. Understanding identity performances as masquerade allows for thinking about how the everyday masks subjects are wearing can be deconstructed, resignified, or even abolished. Disidentification enables a temporary interruption of everyday identities, which allows for the expression of different sides of the multiple self.
Becoming Anonymous
Authors: Asenbaum Hans
Published: September 2023

Although anonymity is a central feature of democratic participation—for example in the secret ballot—democratic theory has been surprisingly quiet on this matter. This chapter explores anonymity in voting, campaign funding, masked protest, pamphleteering, graffiti, and online debate. It generates the first concept of anonymity rooted in democratic theory. Anonymity rearranges democratic space by interrupting the established order of things through interfaces such as masks or computer screens. This spatial rearrangement generates a channel from private into public space. But anonymity does not always have democratic effects. Rather, anonymity affords three sets of contradictory freedoms: inclusion and exclusion, subversion and submission, honesty and deception. Anonymity is always liberating—freeing the subject to express its multiple self. This freedom is, however, used in both constructive and destructive ways. Anonymity appears as inherently ambivalent. The chapter explores the effects of anonymity in various empirical examples including the hacktivist collective Anonymous, the Ku Klux Klan, Pussy Riot, the US constitutional debate, and bathroom graffiti. Anonymity’s ambivalent effects are highly context dependent. They are shaped by the communicative infrastructure, the power relations between participants, and the configuration of identity knowledge.
Unleashing the Democratic Microverse
Authors: Asenbaum Hans
Published: September 2023

What does the politics of becoming contribute to an emancipatory strategy towards democratic futures? The concluding chapter situates the politics of becoming in a larger progressive project of radical democratic transformations. It offers a concise recap of the politics of becoming developed throughout the book and summarizes how self-transformation can take place in democratic spaces through disidentification and anonymity. It then revisits debates that pit the recognition of identity against the redistribution of economic goods and argues for the inherent connection between these two strategies. Rereading the democratic (deliberative) systems debate through assemblage theory, the chapter introduces the concept of a democratic microverse—a miniature participatory configuration that prefigures a potential future constellation. The democratic microverse extends from the individual democratic subject to democratic spaces and finally to a societal and potentially planetary level. It interrupts the dominant logics of the present by rearranging assemblages of human and nonhuman bodies and in doing so opens spaces for democratic transformations. Not only the subject itself, but the political and societal system is subject to change.
Contributory Negligence
Authors: Nolan Donal , Goudkamp James
Published: September 2023

The doctrine of contributory negligence, which is a cornerstone of private law, is very frequently invoked in practice and also raises a host of pressing theoretical issues. This volume provides legal practitioners and scholars with a clear and comprehensive exposition of the legal principles governing contributory negligence alongside an empirically informed analysis of the way in which the doctrine operates in various recurrent factual scenarios. The doctrinal analysis is supplemented by a consideration of the historical antecedents of the relevant principles and their normative underpinnings. The bulk of the work consists of five chapters in which the authors provide an introductory overview of the doctrine, and then proceed to consider its scope, when a finding of contributory negligence will be made, the consequences of such a finding, the relationship between the doctrine and other rules, and matters relating to procedure and appeals. A detailed appendix sets out the discounts imposed for contributory negligence in a range of frequently occurring situations. Although the focus is on the position in the United Kingdom, account is also taken of the case law and literature in several other common law jurisdictions.
Introduction
Authors: Swallow Peter
Published: September 2023

In the introduction, the diachronic and synchronic chains of Aristophanic reception in the nineteenth century are explored, and the territory is laid for further investigation. After a brief discussion of reception theory and the geographical and chronological scope of this monograph, Aristophanes’ British reception is traced back to the early-modern period, as is his reception in Europe and the wider British Empire. British historians’ various appropriations of Aristophanes are also explored. The state of politics in the long-nineteenth century is also set out as an important piece of context, particularly as pertains to the battles over theatre censorship and reform.
Aristophanes Burlesqued
Authors: Swallow Peter
Published: September 2023

For about forty years from the start of the Victorian period, the British theatre was dominated by burlesque, a form of popular entertainment that incorporated parody, comedy, stagecraft, and musical theatre. It frequently engaged with the classics as well; countless burlesques travestied Greek tragedy, classical epic, myth, and history. Despite the genre’s obvious similarity to Aristophanic humour, however, only one burlesque was performed which directly parodied Old Comedy—James Robinson Planché’s The Birds of Aristophanes (1846). This chapter explores the Victorian burlesque genre to discover why Planché decided to write his adaptation of Aristophanes and why the play was ultimately unsuccessful. It sets Birds into context as a reactionary piece of theatre written during a period of major political reform.
The Glory and the Shame
Authors: Swallow Peter
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the aesthetic reception of Aristophanes after the 1873 publication of John Addington Symonds’ influential Studies of the Greek Poets. Symonds largely sets aside the party politics of Aristophanes’ reception up to this point to explore a different facet of his work—the aesthetic, artistic beauty of Aristophanes’ verse. After discussing Symonds’ consciously aesthetic approach, the influence of his re-evaluation on the works of Oscar Wilde and Algernon Charles Swinburne, then the counter-criticism of George Meredith, Robert Browning, and Aubrey Beardsley, are all explored. Each rejected Symonds’ model of a beautiful and apolitical Aristophanes. These men asked and answered differently the same fundamental question: Is Aristophanes beautiful?
Towards a Modern Aristophanes
Authors: Swallow Peter
Published: September 2023

Over the course of his long career, the internationalist and classicist Gilbert Murray used Old Comedy to argue for his brand of left-wing politics, to discuss feminism, as a foil for his own favourite poet Euripides, and as a tool of outreach. Murray’s friend George Bernard Shaw was influenced by Aristophanes as well, not only as Aesthetic poets and playwrights had been, for his artistic quality, but also for his political voice; Shaw’s play Major Barbara has been studied for its connection to Euripides via Murray, but little appreciated for its reception of Aristophanes. Murray and Shaw’s receptions of Aristophanes, discussed in this chapter, demonstrate the final shift in the long-nineteenth-century reception of Aristophanes back towards overt politics, already observed in the previous chapter.
Government Popularity in Italy
Authors: Bellucci Paolo , Memoli Vincenzo
Published: September 2023

Earlier research on government approval in Italy mainly focused on economic accountability of the executives. This chapter estimates a model of government approval over the longest time series available (1995–2018) and merges three lines of inquiry: economic accountability, government performance in the realms of corruption and inequality, and political communication. The authors find a diminished influence of economic valence accountability and a greater role of positional economic concerns expressed by economic inequality, together with a notable impact of political communication. Positional economic grievances appear stronger during ‘exceptional times’, that is the period after the inception of the sovereign debt crisis in 2012.
Mapping Medea
Authors: Albrektson Anna , Macintosh Fiona
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter outlines the overall aims of the volume and its theoretical perspectives and provides analysis of the ancient sources. It begins with an overview of Medea at the hands of colonial Europe and a discussion of the close (and often deliberate) parallels between Medea and the hugely popular Inkle and Yarico story, first published in The Spectator in 1711 and then subsequently regularly reworked in multiple media throughout the century. The middle section delineates the 1750–1800 focus and the significance of the synchronic approach at a moment of revolutionary change that precipitated the migration of ideas and people across borders, despite or even because of emergent geopolitical boundaries. It concludes with an outline of the volume’s bi-part structure: encompassing the context of expanding empires of the late eighteenth century in the first section to aesthetic transgression and innovation in the second.
Pushing the Boundaries of Operatic Convention and European Identity
Authors: Hall Edith
Published: September 2023

This chapter begins with a close study of the revolutionary 1775 melodrama, Medea, by Gotter and Benda. A strikingly new and successful genre, it had been invented a few years earlier by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his French melodrama Pygmalion, written in 1762. But it is Benda’s duodrama Ariadne auf Naxos and six-voice Medea, which both premiered at Gotha in 1775, commissioned and performed by the pioneering Seyler theatrical company, that stand at the head of the longstanding German tradition of poetic speech with instrumental accompaniment. The chapter moves on to examine the wide reception of Benda/Gotter’s Medea: first as a travesty in Vienna, and subsequently as a tragedy about the Colchians, by the German playwright Klinger, then working in Russia. Hall concludes by placing Medea in her native Georgia, which in 1801 was incorporated within the Russian empire.
An Imperial Medea
Authors: Lappin Anthony John
Published: September 2023

Lappin’s chapter extends the focus westwards, to the imperial Medea of Spain, Portugal, and eventually across the Atlantic to the colonies. It shows the enormous range of the representations of Medea on stage, including in puppet theatres, and lays bare the eighteenth-century’s aesthetic preference for seventeenth-century theatrical versions that exploited spectacular stage effects. The sentimental Medea largely remained on the page in many ways to a higher degree than in other cultural spaces included in this volume. The sentimental Medea, when she did appear in performance, met with local generic modes, such as the zarzuela, originally a court entertainment including speech, song, and music that became a dominant genre during this period. Traditionally separated, high-brow and popular audiences within the Spanish and Portuguese worlds intersected in performances of Medea, with the distance between metropolis and periphery anticipating in many ways the postcolonial Medeas of recent years.
Inverting the Barbarian
Authors: Albrektson Anna
Published: September 2023

With a focus on the shifting use of the concept of the barbarian, Anna Albrektson positions the figure of Medea within the context of colonial expansion. Euripides labels Medea a barbarian, but this identity is pinned on Jason in several versions from the 1770s and 1780s, when a concomitant sentimental strategy enhances Medea’s position as woman and victim of male cruelty. The idea of the ‘ethical barbarian’ becomes a cultural commonplace within eighteenth-century literature. By the 1790s, however, Medea is translated once more into an ethnic barbarian in versions that abandon the Enlightenment idea of human universality. The interplay between Enlightenment discourses, colonial experiences, and aesthetic experimentations form the context for these often divergent representations of Medea from several European nations.
From Hearth to Hades
Authors: Macintosh Fiona
Published: September 2023

Macintosh explores Medea’s connections with both the baroque and the eighteenth-century sublime, and her concomitant failure to conform to generic and institutional norms in this period. The chapter argues that Noverre’s ballet d’action is pivotal not simply because it was staged throughout Europe in the last part of the century, but also because it provided a radically different model for tragic drama. It was this new kind of tragedy, informed no less by Euripides than it was by ideas of the theatrical sublime, that enabled Medea’s return to serious spoken drama in the playhouses of Europe and the Americas in the following century.
Conclusion: A Case for (Tempered) Optimism
Authors: Geist Edward
Published: September 2023

This concluding chapter makes some tentative proposals for potential policy responses to the book’s findings. The first of these is that it might be possible to generalize Herman Kahn’s idea of “multistable deterrence” to a multipolar world by managing uncertainty in an efficacious way. The second is that new modes of arms control that aim to shape the kind of knowledge quality problems states can impose upon each other could be developed. The third is that further research might build upon the analysis in Chapter 4 to identify strategies for shaping other states’ preferences to be more compatible with one’s own rather than attempting to coerce them into compliance by means of violent threats.
Revolution of the Self
Authors: Abrams Lynn
Published: September 2023

Chapter 1 introduces the methodological and theoretical approaches of the book and positions this study within the history of post-war British womanhood, arguing that the period straddling the 1950s to the late 1970s should be regarded as the pre-history of women’s liberation. This was a generation of women who frame their life stories within a feminist or liberationist discourse of equality and opportunity but for whom feminism, in its ideological and activist guises, was like a shadow in the background of their lives. The Introduction outlines the primary sources utilized including oral histories conducted contemporaneously and by the author, emphasising the importance of listening to women’s own interpretations of the past, and discusses theories of the self, subjectivity, of emotions and self narration as well as introducing the reader to the overarching themes.
Fashioning the Self
Authors: Abrams Lynn
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the ways in which the post-war generation fashioned new selves through dress and mobility. The transformation from dependent girl to independent woman is told through the lens of self-fashioning and spatial and educational mobility and manifested in changing one’s name, dressing in fashionable and self-chosen clothes, leaving home for travel or work. Told from the perspective of women’s memories of coming of age in the 1950s and 1960s, this chapter demonstrates how these actions enabled many women to ‘liberate’ themselves from many of the constraints that hobbled previous generations of women in terms of self description and self presentation. In their teenage years and early twenties these women reconstructed the self by distancing themselves spatially, ideologically and culturally from expectations of family and community.
Settling Down
Authors: Abrams Lynn
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that marriage was a pivotal moment in the lives of this generation of women. They imagined marriage as a place to grow, facilitating independence, security, and emotional and sexual fulfilment. Drawing on oral history interviews conducted contemporaneously and retrospectively, this chapter explores women’s expectations of the marriage relationship, the desire for companionship or togetherness, and examines how women managed the conflicts between sustaining the self and the demands of that relationship. It discusses the conflict between domesticity, paid work, and staying at home. It considers inequalities in the marriage relationship, focusing on the division of labour in the home, and discusses women’s efforts to reclaim autonomy by rejecting the role of full-time housewife.
Caring for the Self
Authors: Abrams Lynn
Published: September 2023

The concluding chapter discusses how women in post-war Britain rejected the self-sacrifice and regret many witnessed in their mothers’ generation in favour of a more balanced lifestyle which combined care for others with care for the self. It argues that they strived to achieve a balance between individual self-fulfilment and servicing the needs of others. These women made their feelings visible which ignited a social movement of women’s groups and local and national activism. It argues that self-help was a route to self-development before and alongside the Women’s Liberation Movement. Women created empathetic communities which validated feelings and provided stepping stones to the next life stage. This chapter also emphasises the importance of listening to women’s voices.
Introduction
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

The introduction accomplishes four things. It argues that tyranny is as American as democracy, drawing on the writings of Frederick Douglass to clarify the stakes of this claim. Turning to the American obsession with Napoleon Bonaparte in the nineteenth century, it demonstrates that the French leader’s complicated legacy offered people in the United States a way to evaluate problematic dimensions of their most prized ideals, like freedom, meritocracy, and market capitalism. Because both Napoleon I and Napoleon III were widely viewed as tyrants, I propose a new way of understanding their conjoined influence—the long age of Napoleon—and describe one of its most important events, the 1840 repatriation and burial of Napoleon’s ashes in Paris, the retour des cendres. Finally, the introduction explains why it is useful to return to tyranny now, locating the concept in its long intellectual tradition and beginning to differentiate it from twentieth-century totalitarianisms.