bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollen characteristics of some grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: İŞÇİ Burçak
Published: July 2021

Pollen morphology is an important parameter. In this study, the pollen morphology of selected in 10 grape cultivars were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The pollen surface features were observed, such as length, width, and P/E ratio of pollen. The pollen differed in some microstructural characteristic. Pollen width exhibited significant according to the varieties (10.12-22.44 µm). Smilarly, the statistical difference occurred among the ten Vitis genotypes in terms of mean pollen length (16.26-29.91 µm). P/E ratio determined to the varieties (1.08-2.55 µm) and, grape varieties have the longest pollen, in general. The without furrows are surrounded in exine were determined in cultivars of “Alicante Boushet”, “Cardinal”, “Syrah”. Areolat pollen was determined in among other cultivars. Depending on the cultivars there was a statistical difference from the point of pore diameter. Pollen viability was determined between 11.75 % and 84.25 % in TTC tests. The present research is a contribution to amore detailed analysis of grapevine cultivars.
Grafías, poéticas y cinematografías platónicas: Diez años del Grupo Élenchos-Philía
Authors: Valenzuela Isaac Cristian Emiliano , Fierro María Angélica
Published: July 2021

RetrospectivaGrafías, poéticas y cinematografías platónicas:Diez años del Grupo Élenchos-PhilíaPrácticas de extensión 2012-2021
Hubungan Faktor Resiko Dengan Prediktor Preventif Diabetes Mellitus Pada Remaja
Authors: Puspitasari Indah , Muftadi Muftadi , Woro L Meria
Published: July 2021

Prevalensi diabetes melitus semakin meningkat setiap tahun menurut hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2018. Berdasarkan usia, penderita diabetes melitus di Indonesia tidak hanya usia dewasa dan lansia namun juga terjadi pada remaja. Faktor resiko diabetes melitus pada remaja dapat berupa pola hidup, status nutrisi dan kegemukan. Penentuan faktor resiko diabetes mellitus pada remaja dapat dilakukan dengan skrining awal. Rerata skrining yang telah dilakukan menunjukan data yang hasil yang abnormal pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentififkasi hubungan faktor resiko dengan prediktor faktor preventif diabetes melitus pada remaja. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah remaja usia 15-18 tahun yang duduk di bangku SMA dengan jumlah sampel 161 remaja. Data penelitian diambil dengan cara membagikan kuesioner faktor resiko dan faktor prediktor preventif. Pengolahan data dilakukan melalui editing, coding dan tabulating yang dilanjutkan dengan analisa menggunakan uji multiple linear regression. P <0,05 ditetapkan sebagai tingkat signifikansi statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara faktor resiko dengan faktor prediktor faktor preventif diabetes mellitus pada remaja dengan nilai P <0,05 yakni 0,042
Bounding Attachment Pada Ibu Yang Dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini
Authors: Pratiwi Kurniasari , Wulandari Ria Eka Putri , Andriyani Mira
Published: July 2021

Judul : Bounding Attachment Pada Ibu Yang Dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu DiniTujuan : Untuk melihat gambaran Bounding Attachment pada Ibu yang dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini.Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam (Indept Interview) dan observasi.Hasil Penelitian : Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa Bounding attachment pada ibu yang dilakukan IMD dalam waktu 1 jam dengan yang dilakukan IMD < 30 menit mempunyai interaksi yang berbeda. Ibu yang dilakukan IMD selama 1 jam penuh mempunyai interaksi yang baik. Hal ini diketahui dari hasil wawancara mendalam serta berdasarkan hasil observasi interaksi ibu terhadap bayinya. Sedangkan pada ibu yang dilakukan IMD kurang dari 1 jam belum dapat berinteraksi secara baik. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil wawancara mendalam dilihat dari interaksi antara bayi dan ibunya yang kurang karena pada prinsipnya IMD dilakukan paling sedikit 1 jam pertama kelahiran.Â
CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE ANALOG MADE FROM MOCAF, BANANA OR CORN WITH ADDITION OF MUNG BEAN FLOUR
Authors: Hidayat Taufik , Mikasari Wilda , Yuliasari Shannora , Ivanti Lina , Rahman Taupik
Published: July 2021

Rice analog made from locally available flour is one of food diversification to reduce rice consumption. Locally available flour that could be used to make rice analog is mocaf, kepok banana and corn. This study aims to formulate and analyses characteristic of rice analog made from mocaf, kepok banana and corn with addition of mung bean flour. This study using laboratory analysis and consumer preference test. This study divided into three stages; 1. Formulation of rice analog; 2. analysis of chemical characteristic of rice analog; 3. consumer preference test to the rice analog. Observed parameter are chemical characteristic consist of water content, protein, carbohydrate, fat and fiber while the organoleptic characteristic is color, aroma, texture and flavor. Observed data were statistically tested using analysis of variance. The study showed that utilization of mocaf, kapok, banana and corn to make rice analog produce rice analog with different color and texture. The best formula to produce rice analog based on organoleptic test is formula using mocaf flour 80% with mung bean flour 20%. Chemical analysis of rice analog using mocaf flour were protein content 8.24%; fat 0.73%; carbohydrate 77.97%; fiber 1.87%, water 9.72% and ash 1.47%. Organoleptic test showed that consumer preference towards rice analog made from modified cassava flour (mocaf) higher than other rice analog.
Differential expression of leucine rich repeat containing 8 family member D in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding leucine rich repeat containing 8 family member D, LRRC8D, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. LRRC8D expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. LRRC8D expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of LRRC8D is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. LRRC8D may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Acquire wealth, avoid debt: exploring households’ livelihood and financial resilence amid the COVID-19 in a developing country
Authors: Khuc Quy Van , Nguyen Thuy
Published: July 2021

financial literacy, financial investment, household financial, livelihood, Vietnam
Ethnic Diversity Matters: Putting Implicit Associations between Weapons and Ethnicity in Context
Authors: Sadler Melody , Devos Thierry
Published: July 2021

Weapons are implicitly associated with Black Americans. We examined the extent to which this implicit stereotype fluctuates as a function of the ethnic diversity of contexts. Across 351 U.S. metropolitan areas, we tested whether three distinct indicators of ethnic diversity predicted implicit associations between the concept of “weapons” (vs. “harmless objects”) and Black Americans vs. White Americans. As predicted, implicit Black-weapon stereotypes were weaker in areas characterized by the presence of multiple ethnic groups (variety) and greater dispersion of ethnic groups at the neighborhood level (integration). Additionally, the negative association between integration and implicit stereotypes was strongest when minority representation was low compared to high. Considering multiple dimensions of ethnic diversity proved useful to document reliable relations between implicit associations and characteristics of local contexts.
Emotion dysregulation and internalizing spectrum disorders
Authors: Hostinar Camelia , Cicchetti Dante
Published: July 2021

Emotion dysregulation is a pattern of emotional experience or expression that interferes with goal-directed behavior, and may set children and adolescents on developmental trajectories towards psychopathology. Despite accumulating evidence linking emotion dysregulation to various forms of internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression, anxiety), several open questions remain. What are the developmental pathways leading to emotion dysregulation and modifiable environmental conditions that appear to foster it? What is the evidence that emotion dysregulation precedes or plays a causal role in the development of internalizing spectrum disorders? What are the biological underpinnings of emotion dysregulation and how can we integrate this research with recent discoveries about internalizing spectrum disorders from neuroscience, psychophysiology, genetics, and epigenetics? This review discusses recent research pertinent to these three primary questions and concludes with suggestions for future research and implications for interventions that promote resilience in youth.
Context Diversity Predicts the Extent to Which the American Identity Is Implicitly Associated with Asian Americans and European Americans
Authors: Devos Thierry , Sadler Melody
Published: July 2021

Prior research documents that Asian Americans are implicitly seen as less American than European Americans (implicit American = White effect). The aim of the present research was to test whether this effect is weaker in more ethnically diverse metropolitan areas. Data from the 2010 U.S. Census were utilized to compute three indicators of context ethnic diversity: minority representation, variety, and integration. Implicit ethnic-American associations were assessed using data collected through Project Implicit. A total of 304 metropolitan areas were included in the analyses. The sample (N = 271,006) included 44.8% White and 31.7% Asian participants; it was composed mostly of relatively young adults (M = 26.54, SD = 11.16) and included more women (60.9%) than men. Respondents completed an Implicit Association Test measuring associations between the concepts “American” vs. “foreign” and two ethnic groups (“Asian American” vs. “European American”). Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. The implicit American = White effect was less pronounced in metropolitan areas characterized by higher proportions of Asian Americans (minority representation). The presence of multiple ethnic groups (variety) was associated with a weaker implicit American = White effect only when minority representation was high. Greater dispersion of ethnic groups at the neighborhood level (integration) was not a source of reliable variation in implicit ethnic-American associations. These findings highlight the value of a multi-faceted perspective on context ethnic diversity. The extent to which the American identity is implicitly associated with Asian Americans and European Americans fluctuates as a function of socio-structural characteristics of local contexts.
Effects of color–emotion association on facial expression judgments
Authors: Takei Asumi , Imaizumi Shu
Published: July 2021

Color and emotion are metaphorically associated in the human mind. This color–emotion association affects perceptual judgment. For example, stimuli representing colors can affect judgment of facial expressions. The present study examined whether colors associated with happiness (e.g., yellow) and sadness (e.g., blue and gray) facilitate judgments of the associated emotions in facial expressions. We also examined whether temporal proximity between color and facial stimuli interacts with any of these effects. Participants were presented with pictures of a happy or sad face against a yellow-, blue-, or gray-colored background and asked to judge whether the face represented happiness or sadness as quickly as possible. The face stimulus was presented simultaneously (Experiment 1) or preceded for one second by the colored background (Experiment 2). The analysis of response time showed that yellow facilitated happiness judgment, while neither blue nor gray facilitated sadness judgment. Moreover, the effect was found only when the face and color stimuli were presented simultaneously. The results imply that the association of sadness with blue and gray is weak and, consequently, does not affect emotional judgment. Our results also suggest that temporal proximity is critical for the effect of the color–emotion association (e.g., yellow–happiness) on emotional judgment.
Convergent evolution in a large cross-cultural database of musical scales
Authors: Mcbride John , Passmore Sam , Tlusty Tsvi
Published: July 2021

Scales, sets of discrete pitches used to generate melodies, are thought to be one of the most universal features of music. Despite this, we know relatively little about how cross-cultural diversity, or how scales have evolved. We remedy this, in part, we assemble a cross-cultural database of empirical scale data, collected over the past century by various ethnomusicologists. We provide statistical analyses to highlight that certain intervals (e.g., the octave) are used frequently across cultures. Despite some diversity among scales, it is the similarities across societies which are most striking. Most scales are found close to equidistant 5- and 7-note scales; for 7-note scales this accounts for less than 1% of all possible scales. In addition to providing these data and statistical analyses, we review how they may be used to explore the causes for convergent evolution in scales.
Strangers look sicker (with implications in times of COVID-19)
Authors: Bressan Paola
Published: July 2021

We animals have evolved a variety of mechanisms to avoid conspecifics who might be infected. It is currently unclear whether and why this “behavioral immune system” targets unfamiliar individuals more than familiar ones. Here I answer this question in humans, using publicly available data of a recent study on 1969 participants from India and 1615 from the USA. The apparent health of a male stranger, as estimated from his face, and the comfort with contact with him were a direct function of his similarity to the men in the local community. This held true regardless of whether the face carried overt signs of infection. I conclude that our behavioral immune system is finely tuned to degrees of outgroupness—and that cues of outgroupness are partly processed as cues of infectiousness. These findings, which were consistent across the two cultures, support the notion that the pathogens of strangers are perceived as more dangerous.
Gay Men’s Implicit Attitudes towards Sexual Orientation: Disentangling the Role of Socio-Cultural Influences and Social Identification
Authors: Jones Kyle , Devos Thierry
Published: July 2021

The present research sought to distinguish the role of socio-cultural negativity and social identification underlying gay men’s implicit attitudes towards sexual orientation. Fifty gay men completed two Implicit Association Tests. In both cases, the task required categorizing, as quickly as possible, pictures of gay vs. straight couples, but these stimuli were either classified using normative categorical labels (homosexual vs. heterosexual couple) or in terms of their self-relevance (similar vs. dissimilar to me). Participants also completed the Reactions to Homosexuality Scale and the Outness Inventory. As expected, the pro-gay attitude was more pronounced when implicit attitudes were assessed in terms of self-relevance than based on normative categorical labels. In addition, these two facets of implicit attitudes overlapped more strongly among gay men who were less inclined to publicly affirm their sexual identity than among individuals who strongly identified publicly with being gay. The present findings extend our understanding of the sources and functions of implicit attitudes among members of a sexual minority group.
Peasants’ Transnational Mobilization for Food Sovereignty in La Vía Campesina
Authors: Thivet Delphine
Published: July 2021

This paper examines how small farmers and landless rural workers have developed new modes of food activism at the transnational level. It explores in particular how the international peasant movement La Vía Campesina advocates and seeks to build – through the concept of the “food sovereignty” – an alternative frame for food production and distribution enabling communities and people to determine at the local/national level their own food systems. Based on a multi-sited fieldwork including participant observations and interviews with organizations’ members from three different countries involved in La Vía Campesina (France, Brazil and India), my study analyses the various and unstable definitions of the concept of “food sovereignty” in the movement. It examines the process of adding new meanings to its definition according to its circulation across different scales and specific cultural and geographical contexts, its attempted legal translations, and its local reconfigurations in sometimes nationalistic and protectionist ways. The aim is first to show how the demand for “food sovereignty” has emerged at the international level so as to reframe politically global food relations and compete with a more technical response to world hunger promoted by global institutions - the notion of “food security”. The paper then traces the various strategies used by La Vía Campesina’s activists to legitimize and promote their cause, trying to make small-scale farmers “visible” – both in international and national public arenas – and recognized as those assuming a leading role in food production throughout the world. Finally, it addresses the way the food sovereignty framework catalyzes social mobilization across borders by constituting transnational interests and provides to marginalized social agents in the countryside a conceptual frame for making sense of the process of dispossession from the means of production they have been undergoing since the early 1980s.
Study of Correlation between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Serum Lipid Profile in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bataju Mahima , Bhattarai Binita , Niraula Apeksha , Priyadarshinee Anamika , Gautam Santosh
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Looking at the health status of our country Nepal, iron deficiency anemia fits rightly in our socioeconomic status and dyslipidemia is the rising one along with being more highlighted these days. Some studies show an association between iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidemia but the data are controversial. Therefore, this study is aimed to find the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and serum lipid profile in the Nepalese context.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from June 2019 to August 2020. 76 Iron deficiency anemia and 75 age and sex-matched healthy control were investigated for any possible changes in serum lipid profile: triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol.Results: The mean triglyceride in case and control was 92.96 mg/dl and 99.87 mg/dl respectively. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p=<0.001). Moreover, serum total cholesterol level in the case (138.82 mg/dl) was significantly lower than the control (146.67 mg/dl). The mean high-density lipoprotein was almost the same in anemic and non-anemic groups, p=<0.001. While the mean low-density lipoprotein in theiron-deficiency anemia group was significantly lower than the control group (p=<0.001).Conclusions: In this study, the values of the lipid profile parameters: triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol in cases were found to be lower than those in the controls.
Humanities at the Periphery. The Return to Philology and the Importance of Literary Studies
Authors: Vuković Tvrtko
Published: July 2021

The first chapter of the paper summarizes the devaluation process of the humanistic values that has begun in the West a few decades ago. The question is why and how the so-called knowledge societies marginalize humanistic knowledge. The second, third, and fourth chapters are the proposal of the mission of the humanities today: pushed out to society’s periphery, the humanities have the task of preserving skills, experiences, and knowledge that so-called knowledge society considers needless. Thereby, the paper advocates the importance of returning to philology, as Paul de Man puts it in his article Return to Philology, and tries to show the extent to which philology, ceasing to be national, becomes a communal, political and ethical force.
The Importance of Forming a Value-Based Attitude to the Heroic past Of the Ancestors through Spirituality among Modern Youth
Authors: Vartanova Marina Lvovna
Published: July 2021

The most relevant and useful for today's Russia and its historical heritage is, first of all, the tradition of the organic unity of our peoples, which was developed and postponed in the course of our history as a result of everyday exercises in justice, mutual respect and harmony. Despite the fact that every Russian people has its own traditions, customs, languages, and heroic past – together they make up a common heritage. To revive it, to always remember it – and not lose sight of it – is the urgent task of time. We must believe that the troubled times, poverty and disenfranchisement of ordinary people-workers, disrespect for the moral and legal norms of human society are a temporary phenomenon. Its elimination consists in a good, comprehensive preparation of every young person entering an independent life. Our research has confirmed the assumption that in the conditions of today's acute ideological struggle for the minds and hearts of young people, it is necessary to turn to the her
Evolution of waltz in the European ball culture
Authors: Fedorchenko D.
Published: July 2021

Problem statement. One of the most popular dance forms of the past centuries was exquisite, soft and smooth waltz which can be called a bright phenomenon of the world choreographic art. However, the scientific and theoretical part of this choreographic art remains quite unstudied.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the sources of formation and evolution of various kinds of waltz in the European program of ballroom dance.
The methodology. The methods used in this article are the following: 1) historical methods that allow to place the chosen work into the perspective of ballroom choreography development; 2) classifications and systematizations that allow to conduct the analysis of how various kinds of waltz formed; 3) stylistic methods used for studying the given form of ballroom dance in the context of the choreographic art.
The results. The history of waltz formation goes back to those times when dance was not just a great art but also a part of the compulsory program of high life education. Waltz received an immense impulse around 1830 owing to two outstanding composers — Franz Lanner and Johann Strauss.
In the modern period of ballroom dance development there are plenty of waltz forms: slow waltz, Viennese waltz, figured waltz, boston, classical waltz and tango-waltz.
The modern European program (Standard) of ballroom dance includes two waltzes: slow and Viennese. Slow waltz opens the program for both adults and professionals, this waltz is a sort of visiting card of a couple in ballroom choreography. From the first movements of a couple one can understand the level of their mastery which includes: rhythmicity, musicality, skills of couple holds and constant moving around the floor while performing complex techniques. In Viennese waltz fast pace is added, which requires good physical training from the performers.
Despite the essential changes in the structure of waltz vocabulary, nowadays this ballroom dance is positioned as a developed form that functions according to the general form-creating laws of ballroom choreography: the variability of the dancing performance technique, the compositional structure of the pattern, the specific characteristics of the choreographic vocabulary, the peculiarity of the musical structure. Given the development of modern ballroom choreography, waltz is the most spectacular dance of the choreographic art and the integral part of the development of society culture.
Manifestations of the “non-classical” in the orchestral manner of C. Debussy
Authors: Savchenko H.
Published: July 2021

The relevance. Multidirectionality of artistic searches in the musical art of the first half of the XX century fully complies with the worldview and values of European culture of that time. The change of perception of the world, matter, time and space is objectified in the sound matter of musical works. Among the composers who have a defining role in paving the ways for new music, we should mention C. Debussy.
The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize of “non-classical” features in the orchestral manner of C. Debussy.
The novelty of the article is the study of the orchestral manner specifics of C. Debussy as “non-classical” in certain traits.
The methodology. The article uses functional, historical, comparative, analytical and complex methods. The theoretical basis of the study are the works of V. Bobrovskyi (2018), H. Golovynskyi (1981), S. Iskhakova (1998), L. Kokoreva (2010), S. Mozhot (2006).
The result. Extrapolation of scientific statements of V. Bobrovskyi, H. Golovynskyi, S. Iskhakova, L. Kokoreva, S. Mozhot to the sphere of orchestral thinking and orchestral manner of C. Debussy allowed to reveal signs of “non-classical” as the ones that draw a boundary between the principles of classical-romantic orchestration (based on functional harmony) and new music of the XX century. It is the “non-classical” features that allow to create a new sound matter, a new perception of space and time in the orchestral works of the composer. In our opinion, the manifestations of the “non-classical” are: 1) functional restructuring of the orchestral texture on the basis of non-hierarchy as the dominant principle; 2) building a dense, “concrete” in terms of eventfulness and, at the same time, light (massless), broad musical space, 3) levelling the boundary between the exposing (more integral and continuous) type of orchestration and developing (smaller, dialogical, discrete); 4) interpenetration of continuity and discreteness (discrete continuity) at the level of thematics and orchestration as a consequence of erasing the boundary between the functions of background and relief and the exposing and developing orchestration types.
The practical significance. The results of the work can be applied in the training courses “History of orchestral styles”, “History of foreign music”, which are studied in higher education institutions; in further scientific researches.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Uganda 1995
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Flaxseed: a promising alternative for polycystic ovarian syndrome therapy
Authors: RANİ Anooja
Published: July 2021

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder commonly found in females in their reproductive ages and is associated with hirsutism, obesity, menstrual irregularities, and insulin resistance. PCOS management includes the medicinal approach and with the increased incidence of PCOS, herbal approach has been increasing which includes flaxseeds and flaxseed oil but to further explore the benefits, more researches are to be conducted after which they can be included in the medical regime.
The association between PTX3 and serum manganese levels of welders in comparison with controls: An application of anti-inflammatory biomarker
Authors: OZTAN Ozgur , TÜRKSOY Vugar Ali , DENİZ Serdar , İRİTAŞ Servet Birgin , TUTKUN Engin
Published: July 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study; it is to compare serum PTX3 levels of manganese-exposed welders with non-exposed people in order to evaluate the nature of manganese-induced inflammatory response. Material and Method: 51 of whom were exposed to manganese and 52 of whom were volunteers working in the same workplace, were evaluated in the study. PTX-3 levels were analyzed in the serum samples with ELISA. Mn levels were analyzed in whole blood samples in ICP-MS. Results: The mean values of manganese and Pentraxin-3 of the control group were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of the exposure group, respectively, for Mn levels: 5.04±2.32 µg/L and 11.54±3.09 µg/L; for PTX-3 36.96±24.20 ng/mL and 48.29±27.13 ng/mL; p
IMPROVED METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE PROCESS OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, AS A TOOL FOR REPUTATION MANAGEMENT OF A TOURIST DESTINATION
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Chernega Olena M.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the importance of the process of commercialization of intellectual property for the formation of reputable management of a tourist destination and provides an improved methodological approach to the process of commercialization of intellectual property on the example of the concept of creating a unique tourist product by a business entity. The reputation management of a tourist destination – a set of socio-economic processes of targeted influence on stakeholders of a tourist destination in order to improve their perception of its reputation characteristics, which aims to increase the importance of reputation and form sustainable long-term relationships with stakeholders.The reputation of a tourist destination directly proportionally influences the formation of tourist flow, and, accordingly, the growth of financial revenues, active development of the territory and improvement of the economic climate. With effective reputation management of a tourist destination, a strategic vision of development is formed, investment proceeds are attracted to new business projects and events, to the tourist infrastructure, to job creation. This is achieved through the creation of organizations that can bring together stakeholders and professionals to further promote resources and unique tourism offerings in the tourism arena. Its priority areas are determined by the impact on the formation of reputation through the elements of branding and image, research, analytics, the formation of services and tourism products. And most importantly, promotion through communication channels, which include: public relations (PR), interaction with the media, the involvement of promoters, experts, ambassadors, influencers of the destination through modern Internet technologies. One of the most effective channels of communication today is the Internet and the development of digital products, which include travel portals, mobile applications, digital channels, and more. By certain advantages, such channels are ahead of traditional channels, namely due to: rapid dissemination of information with a wide audience and distribution geography, with less costly control, because monitoring and openness of data simplifies the processes and global digitization of the widespread and tourism industry. And in such conditions, one of the priority steps in creating a tourist product – a unique tourist offer is its copyright protection under current legislation. This advanced method allows the tourism entity or destination as a whole to commercialize and further benefit, and thus improve its reputation in the tourism market by having unique protected tourism offerings within both the regional and national destinations.
SPAIN AS AN ATTRACTIVE PLACE FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Zadoia Anatolii O. , Yavtushynska Khrystyna S. ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine the Spanish economy, identify key areas for investment and assess the risks and opportunities associated with this. The article examines all aspects related to determining the degree of investment attractiveness of Spain, as well as the current state of the Spanish investment environment and the latest trends in the Spanish investment sector. Other objectives of this study include examining the Spanish economy, identifying key areas for investment and current trends in potential investment. An analysis of the threats and opportunities associated with investing in Spain was also conducted. Various resources have been used to provide reliable, up-to-date, in-depth, detailed and comprehensive analysis. First, the world’s leading databases, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, UNCTAD, and so on. Second, data from Spanish government and financial institutions were taken into account. In order to study the problem from different angles, the media, scientific papers and journals were also involved in gathering the necessary information. The analysis allowed us to identify the most significant advantages of the Spanish economy as an object of investment, in particular: – highly developed service sectors, such as financial and insurance services, telecommunications, D&R, etc., which are constantly fueled by FDI inflows; – strategic location and opportunity to enter the EU market; – successful internal structural reforms have been implemented, which have led to increased labor flexibility; – favorable conditions for immigration (including labor immigration); – leading positions in terms of solvency and trust; – economic openness of the country and its participation in a large number of international trade agreements; – measures taken to weaken business and investment regulation; – non-interference of the state in business, fair competition and not perverted trade; – excellent infrastructure that stimulates economic growth; – one of the most innovative and efficient tax agencies – AEAT; – absence of other significant socio-economic, legal and criminal risks that hinder investment. Although Spain faces high unemployment, the current economic crisis caused by the Crown virus, and huge public debt, most of them can be turned into the benefits of foreign investment projects. Similarly, to overcome the economic crisis, the country needs an influx of money from outside, so now the conditions for foreign investors are even more favorable
ABOUT THE SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND FEATURES OF THE APHORISMS USED IN AZERBAIJAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Baku Slavic University, Vel?yeva Fatima M.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the syntactic features of the aphorisms of the Azerbaijani language through the definition of the concept of syntactic constructions in the Azerbaijani aphorisms. Simple and complex sentences involved in the formation of aphorisms are studied using specific examples. Literary texts in the Azerbaijani language have been selected as a research method, the concept has been formed on the basis of an analysis of scientific and theoretical approaches and ideas regarding aphorisms in modern linguistics. It is determined that in the formation of aphorisms, various forms are active, which are included in the concept of syntactic construction. Syntactic constructions are formed mainly on the basis of phrases and types of sentences and their relationships. Their diversity also enriches the aphorisms of the given language. It has been revealed that syntactic constructions are simple and complex sentences and phrases. Analysis of aphorisms allows one to determine both sentences and phrases. The study of the syntactic features of Azerbaijani aphorisms is very important from the point of view of determining the ways of language development. It has been proven that the main sources for the formation and enrichment of aphorisms are certain types of sentences. The study has yielded a number of interesting scientific results. The structural analysis of Azerbaijani aphorisms has revealed the problem of using metaphors. The metaphorization of being is a property of the human mind, which is always prone to imagery, and is one of the most important and necessary categories of language. Literary language is a figurative language where the word is not limited to the expression of thought and is actively used in the figurative description of objective reality. Here the word acts as a means of creating an image in the literary language, giving a subjective assessment of the ongoing processes, expressing subtle and deep feelings, forming the reader�s aesthetic taste, as well as emotionally influencing him. One of the meanings of each polysemantic word is real, and the rest are derivatives, secondary or figurative. For example, if we think of the word �cold� in the expression �cold wind� as a word with a real meaning, then it is clear that the word �cold� with the same content in the combinations �cold attitude� or �cold gaze� has a more figurative meaning ...
Peculiarity of Historical Themes in Azerbaijan and English Literature in the Second Half of the 20th Century (on the Example of the Works by Aziza Jafarzade and Mary Stewart)
Authors:   Institute of Literature Nizami Ganjavi of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Nabieva Vusala F.
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this article is to consider the conceptual approach of the patriotic attitude to the historical roots and individuality of nations in works of fiction on historical themes by outstanding writers who lived in different countries in the same century. In their works, Mary Stewart and Aziza Jafarzade wrote about the historical environment, human relations, religion, the struggle for their beliefs, and other issues. One thing that unites writers is that their appeals to historical works coincide with their age of wisdom. Writers created their works, feeling the spirit of the historical realities of their countries, and skillfully used the artistic imagination to depict events of the long past. This article mainly compared Mary Steward�s �Arthur pentalogy� and Aziza Jafarzade�s �Baku-1501� historical novel and �Hun Mountain� story. The real historical person living in the 16th century AD. Shah Ismail Khatai is the protagonist of �Baku-1501� written by Aziza Jafarzade. Shah Ismail�s name is connected with the flourishing of the Azerbaijani language as both poetry and a diplomatic language. He has a special place in our history and his name is written with golden letters in the history of Azerbaijan. Of course, the appeal to this period is a manifestation of love for Azerbaijan. The same motive is clearly seen in Mary Stewart�s �Arthur pentalogy�. The love for her country aroused interest in the historical subject. Thanks to the legendary king Arthur writer decodes the real identity of the nation. The heroes of these two novels struggle for their convictions and during their reign, they become masters of the ruling. Although the exact period is not indicated in the story about the Turkic-speaking tribe �Hun Mountain�, it is possible to define the era based on historical realities. The Huns� migration to Azerbaijan falls approximately to the 4th century AD. At the same time, Aziza Jafarzade makes special stresses in the story of �Hun Mountain� to our ancient Turkish words. The period of �Arthur pentalogy� is the 5-6th centuries AD. The parallels between Mary Stewart�s pentalogy and Aziza Jafarzade�s �Hun Mountain� are that they describe the far periods of our age and the main feature of that period is that the elements of legendary motifs are inevitable.
THE STATE OF THE CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION OF VARIOUS GENESIS
Authors: Pavlovych S.I. , Grushka N.G. , Kondratska O.A. , Krasutska N.O. , Yanchii R.I.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Immune-mediated inflammation of various genesis plays a significant pathogenetic role in autoimmune, allergic, inflammatory and infectious diseases.

The objective of the work was a comparative study of the functional status and pathways of cell death of natural and adaptive immunity in mice under the conditions of experimental hyperimmunocomplexemia and endotoxemia to identify the features and common cellular mechanisms of these pathologies.

Materials and methods. Hyperimmunocomplexemia was simulated by six-fold immunization of female mice with increasing doses of the antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA), once a week; the endotoxemia model was induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Results. The use of both BSA and LPS led to a systemic inflammatory process with significant neutrophilia with a shift of the leukogram to the left. There was a significant increase in the functional and metabolic activity of nonspecific resistance cells. Genotoxic stress was observed in thymus cells and lymph nodes with significant DNA damage, decreased viability, and a significant increase in necrotic death. Violation of the plasma membrane integrity of primary alteration and the release of the cellular content outside has a strong pro-inflammatory and immunogenic effect, which can lead to further intensification of the disease and an increase in its duration with a tendency to chronicity of the pathological process.

Conclusions. Thus, both models are characterized by the development of immune-inflammatory processes that lead to significant DNA damage and cell death, which can cause a new round of intensification of necrotic, inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in the body.
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF HYPOPHARYNX CANCER: GENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT. Review
Authors: Grin N.V. , Burlaka Yu.B.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. In the modern oncology hypopharynx malignant tumors are one of the urgent and significant problems. Hypopharynx is one of the most frequent localizations in the head and neck. An important factor causing the high occurrence in the population is the asymptomatic course of the disease, resulting in patients presenting for treatment with аn already widespread tumour process.

Objective: to summarize and systematize data on the etiology and pathogenesis of hypopharynx cancer.

Materials and methods. Analysis of scientific publications in the international electronic scientometric databases Scopus, PubMed by keywords. Search depth – 20 years (2001-2020).

Results. In recent years, the view on the mechanisms of the development of carcinogenesis has changed dramatically, the tumour is no longer considered as a mass of malignant cells, but rather as a self-sufficient biological structure with a complex microenvironment in which other subpopulations of cells damaged by cancer are involved. The stromal component of the tumour microenvironment consists of various types of cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, neutrophils, macrophages, regulatory T-cells, myeloid suppressor cells, NK-cells etc. These subpopulations of cells interact with each other as well as with cancer cells. In addition to amplification, deletion, loss of heterozygosity, as well as polymorphism of some genes that are directly involved in the cell cycle or act as regulators of posttranscriptional modifiers of their products at the early stages of carcinogenesis may be one of the promising directions in creating a panel of markers for the risk of developing hypopharynx cancer.

Conclusions. The microenvironment of the tumor consists of many different cell populations. These parts of the surrounding stroma can function as both positive and negative regulators of all signs of cancer, including evasion of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, deregulation of energy metabolism, resistance to detection and destruction by the immune system, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Exploring differences in the composition of the tumour microenvironment and their influence on the development and progression of hypopharynx cancer can help better understand mechanisms underlying different responses to therapy, and help to identify possible targets for clinical intervention.
La política de la “mano dura “en La Araucanía y la crónica de un fracaso anunciado
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

La llegada de Víctor Pérez, al Ministerio del Interior ha significado un endurecimiento de la postura del poder ejecutivo respecto al conflicto en La Araucanía.
De las triangulaciones del Presidente, Corpesca y otros casos: Los peligros de la corrupción para Chile
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

El reciente caso de las denuncias por triangulaciones de los fondos de inversiones con Aseguradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) y que involucrarían a la figura del Presidente de la República Sebastián Piñera, se suma ya a una larga lista de casos que durante los últimos años que engrosan un conjunto de acusaciones de sobre delitos de corrupción en las cuales se han visto involucrados una serie de autoridades políticas e instituciones del Estado.
TASAWUF ‘IRFANI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Mutholingah Siti
Published: July 2021

Sufism is a discipline that is not only related to efforts to improve individual morals in achieving ma'rifatullah, but actually Sufism is also closely related to efforts to improve the morals of others, especially in this context is through Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The teachings in Sufism of irfani are very urgent to be implemented in everyday life, including in this case is in the context of Islamic Religious Education. Why is that, this is because the main goal of PAI is to form humans capable of being Abdullah (pious individually) as well as khalifatullah (pious socially). To achieve both of these objectives, the existence of Sufism which culminates in achieving ma'rifatullah and mahabbatullah is very urgent if implemented in PAI. Maqamat or hierarchies in Tasawuf of ‘irfani can be a means for a PAI teacher to be able to achieve the goals of Islamic Religious Education.Tasawuf merupakan disiplin ilmu yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan upaya memperbaiki akhlak individu saja dalam mencapai ma’rifatullah, tetapi sesungguhnya tasawuf juga erat kaitannya dengan upaya memperbaiki akhlak orang lain, khususnya dalam konteks ini adalah melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Ajaran dalam tasawuf irfani ini sangat urgen diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, termasuk dalam hal ini adalah dalam konteks Pendidikan Agama Islam. Mengapa demikian, hal ini dikarenakan tujuan utama dari PAI adalah untuk membentuk manusia mampu menjadi abdullah (shaleh secara individu) sekaligus khalifatullah (shaleh secara sosial). Untuk mencapai kedua tujuan tersebut, maka keberadaan tasawuf irfani yang puncaknya adalah untuk mencapai ma’rifatullah dan mahabbatullah maka sangat urgen jika didimplementasikan dalam PAI. Maqamat-maqamat dalam tasawuf ‘irfani itu bisa menjadi sarana bagi seorang guru PAI untuk bisa menjadi mencapai tujuan Pendidikan Islam Agama itu sendiri.