bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Čapek, P., et al. Sensing the Deadliest Toxin: Technologies for Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection. Toxins 2010, 2, 24-53
Authors: Čapek Petr , J. Dickerson Tobin
Published: January 2010

We realized that in our paper published recently in Toxins [1] limits of detection (LOD) of multiplexed fluorescent magnetic suspension assay [2] were incorrectly reported to be in the ng/mL range. [...]
Comparative Studies on Retroviral Proteases: Substrate Specificity
Authors: Tözsér József
Published: January 2010

Exogenous retroviruses are subclassified into seven genera and include viruses that cause diseases in humans. The viral Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins are processed by the retroviral protease in the last stage of replication and inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease are widely used in AIDS therapy. Resistant mutations occur in response to the drug therapy introducing residues that are frequently found in the equivalent position of other retroviral proteases. Therefore, besides helping to understand the general and specific features of these enzymes, comparative studies of retroviral proteases may help to understand the mutational capacity of the HIV-1 protease.
Targets for the Induction of Protective Immunity Against Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Bodewes Rogier , Osterhaus Albert D.M.E. , Rimmelzwaan Guus  F.
Published: January 2010

The current pandemic caused by the new influenza A(H1N1) virus of swine origin and the current pandemic threat caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype have renewed the interest in the development of vaccines that can induce broad protective immunity. Preferably, vaccines not only provide protection against the homologous strains, but also against heterologous strains, even of another subtype. Here we describe viral targets and the arms of the immune response involved in protection against influenza virus infections such as antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and the M2 protein and cellular immune responses directed against the internal viral proteins.
Estimating the Ground Water Resources of Atoll Islands
Authors: Bailey Ryan T. , Jenson John W. , Olsen Arne E.
Published: January 2010

Ground water resources of atolls, already minimal due to the small surface area and low elevation of the islands, are also subject to recurring, and sometimes devastating, droughts. As ground water resources become the sole fresh water source when rain catchment supplies are exhausted, it is critical to assess current groundwater resources and predict their depletion during drought conditions. Several published models, both analytical and empirical, are available to estimate the steady-state freshwater lens thickness of small oceanic islands. None fully incorporates unique shallow geologic characteristics of atoll islands, and none incorporates time-dependent processes. In this paper, we provide a review of these models, and then present a simple algebraic model, derived from results of a comprehensive numerical modeling study of steady-state atoll island aquifer dynamics, to predict the ground water response to changes in recharge on atoll islands. The model provides an estimate thickness of the freshwater lens as a function of annual rainfall rate, island width, Thurber Discontinuity depth, upper aquifer hydraulic conductivity, presence or absence of a confining reef flat plate, and in the case of drought, time. Results compare favorably with published atoll island lens thickness observations. The algebraic model is incorporated into a spreadsheet interface for use by island water resources managers.
Perceptions of Health Care Providers Concerning Patient and Health Care Provider Strategies to Limit Out-of-Pocket Costs for Cancer Care
Authors: Mathews Maria , Buehler S. , West R.
Published: January 2010

Objective: We aimed to describe the perceptions of health care providers concerning patient and health care provider strategies to limit out-of-pocket costs for cancer care. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 cancer care providers (nurses, social workers, oncologists, surgeons, pharmacists, and dieticians) in Newfoundland and Labrador. Results: Patients try to minimize costs by substituting or rationing medications, choosing radical treatments, lengthening the time between follow-up appointments, choosing inpatient care, and working during treatment to minimize loss of income. Providers respond to the financial concerns of patients by helping them to access financial assistance programs, by changing chemotherapy and supportive drug prescriptions, and by shortening radiation treatment protocols. They admit patients to hospital and arrange follow-up with physicians closer to a patient’s home. Conclusions: Out-of-pocket costs resulting from cancer care are incurred at all phases of treatment and follow-up. These costs are substantial concerns for some patients and their health care providers. Encouraging communication between patients and their providers is needed to identify individuals at risk and to safely modify care plans. Tele-oncology and public drug, medical travel, and leave programs are needed to ensure that patients are better able to afford the costs related to cancer care.
Human Papilloma Virus Inoculation: Why Only Girls?
Authors: Touyz Louis Z. G.
Published: January 2010

Human papilloma viruses (hpvs) are causally associated with genital warts, papillomata, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (scc) [...]
Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Liver
Authors: Masood Ashiq , Kairouz S. , Hudhud K. H. , Hegazi A. Z. , Banu A. , Gupta N. C.
Published: January 2010

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) of liver is a very rare malignancy. Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old man who presented with constipation and right groin pain of 2 months’ duration. A computed tomography (ct) scan of the abdomen incidentally detected multiple hypodense nodules in both lobes of the liver. Diagnosis of primary nhl of liver was made using ultrasound-guided biopsy. Extensive investigations—which included bone marrow biopsy; fluorescence in situ hybridization; flow cytometry; ct scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and whole-body positron-emission tomography—showed no involvement of bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, or any other organ. The patient is currently being treated with a chop-r (cyclophosphamide–doxorubicin–vincristine–prednisolone/rituximab) regimen. The case has many unique features, including normal liver function tests, especially that for lactate dehydrogenase; no type B symptoms; and negative serology for viruses. The case demonstrates that primary hepatic lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying liver lesions in presence of normal levels of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen. The literature is extensively reviewed.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Outcomes for Women with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Can An Association be Confirmed?
Authors: Ayeni O. , Robinson Andrew
Published: January 2010

Background: A recent report suggested that women who had been taking hormone replacement therapy (hrt) experienced significantly decreased survival after a lung cancer diagnosis. Given the large cohort of women who have received hrt, it is important to try to confirm that association. Methods: We reviewed female patients diagnosed with lung cancer at our institution between January 1999 and December 2003 for age at diagnosis, disease stage, treatment, smoking history, hrt, performance status, weight loss, age at menopause, and overall survival. Patients were excluded if they had small-cell lung cancer or an unknown primary cancer, or if they had had previous or synchronous non-lung, non-skin cancers. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model for univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival. Results: Of 397 eligible patients, most (68%) were stage iii or iv. The group included very few never-smokers (5%). The proportion of patients with experience of prior or current hrt was 29%, and no effect on overall survival was observed. Median survival was 13 months in the non-hrt group and 14 months in the hrt group. Significant factors predicting for overall survival included performance status, stage, and weight loss. Conclusions: Stage, performance status, and weight loss are the most powerful predictors of survival for women with non-small-cell lung cancer. As compared with non-hrt users, patients with prior hrt use did not have inferior outcomes, failing to duplicate previously published results.
The Role of her2-Targeted Therapies in Women with her2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Dent S. , Verma Sh. , Latreille J. , Rayson D. , Clemons M. , Mackey J. , Verma Su. , Lemieux J. , Provencher L. , Chia S. , Wang B. , Pritchard K.
Published: January 2010

The role of targeted therapies in the treatment of women with breast cancer has been rapidly evolving. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2), was the first her2-targeted therapy that clearly demonstrated a significant clinical benefit for women with her2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (mbc). However, in recent years it has become increasingly apparent that, when trastuzumab is used in the first-line setting in combination with chemotherapy, most women eventually develop progressive disease. Determining the treatment options available to women who have progressed while on trastuzumab therapy has been hampered by a paucity of high-quality published data. In addition, with the standard use of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting (for eligible her2-positive patients), the role of anti-her2 agents for patients who experience a breast cancer relapse has become a clinically relevant question. This manuscript reviews current available data and outlines suggestions from a panel of Canadian oncologists about the use of trastuzumab and other her2-targeted agents in two key mbc indications: (1) Treatment for women with her2-positive mbc progressing on trastuzumab (that is, treatment beyond progression); (2) Treatment for women with her2-positive mbc recurring following adjuvant trastuzumab (that is, re-treatment). The suggestions set out here will continue to evolve as data and future trials with trastuzumab and other her2-targeted agents emerge.
Microbes and Colorectal Cancer: Is There a Relationship?
Authors: Uronis J. M. , Jobin C.
Published: January 2010

The human colon plays host to as many as 15,000–36,000 bacterial species, amounting to more than 100 trillion bacteria [...]
rna Interference and micro-rna–Oriented Therapy in Cancer: Rationales, Promises, and Challenges
Authors: Duchaine T. F. , Slack F. J.
Published: January 2010

The discovery that rna interference (rnai) and its functional derivatives, small interfering rnas (sirnas) and micro-rnas (mirnas) could mediate potent and specific gene silencing has raised high hopes for cancer therapeutics. The prevalence of these small (18–25 nucleotide) non-coding rnas in human gene networks, coupled with their unique specificity, has paved the way for the development of new and promising therapeutic strategies in re-directing or inhibiting small rna phenomena. Three strategies are currently being developed: (1) De novo rnai programming using synthetic sirnas to target the expression of genes; (2) Strengthening or recapitulation of the physiologic targeting of messenger rnas by specific mirnas; (3) Sequence-specific inhibition of mirna functions by nucleic acid analogs. Each strategy, currently being developed both in academia and in industry, holds promise in cancer therapeutics.
Self-association of an indole based guanidinium-carboxylate-zwitterion: formation of stable dimers in solution and the solid state
Authors: Rether Carolin , Sicking Wilhelm , Boese Roland , Schmuck Carsten
Published: January 2010

The indole based zwitterion 2 forms stable dimers held together by H-bond assisted ion pairs. Dimerisation was confirmed in the solid state and studied in solution using dilution NMR experiments. Even though zwitterion 2 forms very stable dimers even in DMSO, their stability is lower than of an analogous pyrrole based zwitterion 1. As revealed by the X-ray crystal structure the two binding sites in 2 cannot be planar due to steric interactions between the guanidinium group and a neighbouring aromatic CH. Hence the guanidinium moiety is twisted out of planarity from the rest of the molecule forcing the two monomers in dimer 2·2 to interact in a non-ideal orientation. Furthermore, the acidity of the NHs is lower than in 1 (as determined by UV-pH-titration) also leading to less efficient binding interactions.
Fast approximate 1D inversion of frequency domain electromagnetic data
Authors: Christensen Niels B. , Fitzpatrick Andrew , Munday Tim
Published: January 2010

We present a fast approximate method for 1D inversion of frequency domain data and apply it to frequency domain helicopter‐borne data from the Bookpurnong area of the Murray River, South Australia. The method is based on fast approximate forward computation of transient electromagnetic step responses and their derivatives with respect to the model parameters of a 1D model, with the frequency domain responses and derivatives then found through Fourier transformation of the time‐domain counterparts. The inversion is carried out with multi‐layer models in an iterative, constrained least‐squares inversion scheme including explicit formulation of the model regularization through a model covariance matrix. The method is 30 times faster than conventional full inversion for a layered earth model and produces model sections of concatenated 1D models and contoured maps of mean conductivity in elevation intervals almost indistinguishable from those of a conventional full inversion. In a theoretical forward and inverse modelling study, the fast approximate and conventional computation methods are compared demonstrating the applicability of the approximate method and its limitations.

Applied to the Bookpurnong RESOLVE® FDHEM data set from South Australia, the inversion produces model sections and conductivity maps that reveal the distribution of conductivity in the area and thereby the distribution of salinity. This information is crucial for any remediation effort aimed at alleviating the salinization of the river and the degradation of floodplain vegetation and associated ecosystems.
Geoelectrical mapping of aquifer contamination: a case study from Roorkee, India
Authors: Sudha  , Tezkan B. , Israil M. , Singhal D.C. , Rai J.
Published: January 2010

The impact of untreated sewage disposal and sewage irrigation practice around Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, on groundwater contamination is studied using surface geoelectrical techniques. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings data were recorded in and around a sewage‐irrigated area in Saliyar and Khanjarpur and a remote site where groundwater contamination due to sewage was not expected. The sewage is mainly composed of domestic and municipal waste. Lithology data was used for correlating the resistivity values, which were derived from 2D inversion of resistivity and 1D Occam inversion of TEM data, with the subsurface formation. These two methods were used jointly to increase the reliability of the results in mapping of ground‐water contamination. It was thus observed that the sewage pollutants, infiltrated through the soil, reach the shallow unconfined aquifer in and around the polluted area, up to a limited distance from the existent waste disposal sites. The present study suggests that the groundwater present in the shallow unconfined aquifer (<10 m depth) close to waste disposal sites is contaminated. It was noticed that the decrease in the resistivity of a shallow unconfined aquifer is up to 50% in comparison with that of the shallow unconfined aquifer at a remote site located about 20 km north‐west of the disposal sites. The extent of the polluted aquifer zone was delineated by comparing its resistivity with that of the same aquifer at a point away from the disposal sites. Thus, the extent of groundwater pollution and relative direction of its flow were also determined qualitatively.
Joint inversion interpretation for gravity and resistivity data: a case study at New Heliopolis City, Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Sultan Sultan Awad , Monteiro Santos Fernando A. , Abbas Abbas Mohamed
Published: January 2010

Gravity and resistivity data were used in the present study for groundwater exploration using a joint inversion process. One hundred fifty three gravity stations and thirty two vertical electrical soundings were used to determine the thickness and resistivity distribution of the different geological units in the study area. Then, the gravity and resistivity data were utilized concurrently to identify the structural elements, stratigraphic units and groundwater potential in the study area. The results of the joint inverse interpretation have strengthened the analysis and consistency of the outcome. The results revealed the presence of four layers. The first is the Quaternary deposits of thickness ranging from 0.5–2 m; the second layer is the Hommath Formation of Middle Miocene age deposits, which have resistivity ranging from and thicknesses ranging from 5–40 m. The third layer is the Gabal Ahmar Formation (Oligocene age), which has resistivity ranging from and a thickness ranging from 10–342 m. The fourth layer is limestone of the Upper Eocene age that exhibits high resistivity values ranging from , depths ranging from 55–350 m and bulk density 2600 kg/m3. The results also indicate that the area is dissected by different fault elements trending N‐S, NE‐SW, NE‐SW and E‐W.
Ants Attacking Larvae of the Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Green G. W. , Sullivan C. R.
Published: January 2010

During field studies of the behaviour of larvae in colonies of Malacosoma disstria Hbn., it was observed that two species of ants, Camponotus herculeanus ligniperdus (Latr.) and Formica fusca L., were common on the twigs of the small trees, Populus tremuloides Michx., on which the caterpillars were established. Ant nests were common near the bases of trees, and the worker ants climbed the trunks and moved along the branches either to forage or to tend aphid colonies. When the tent caterpillars were small, they were frequently attacked by the ants. There were two distinct types of attack: one the result of foraging by worker ants and the other the result of defence of aphid colonies by the ants.
On a New Argentinian Mite, Diphtheroglyphus maculata n. sp., n. gen., and the Taxonomic Position of the Family Pontoppidanidae Oudms. 1925
Authors: Nesbitt Herbert H. J.
Published: January 2010

In the winter of 1939 a sample of mites from salted steer hides was sent to me from Buenos Aires for identification with the note that they were present in great numbers in this habitat. As upon examination these appeared to constitute a new species sufficiently unlike the existing representatives of the genus Pontoppidania to preclude its inclusion in that group, the erection of a new, but closely allied genus, seemed to be warranted. Because of the peculiar nature of its habitat and because of its association with hides the name Diphtheroglyphus has been given to this group.
The Effect of Jack-pine Staminate Flowers on the Size of Larvae of the Jack-pine Budworm,Choristoneurasp.
Authors: Lejeune R. R.
Published: January 2010

The jack-pine budworm,Ohoristoneurasp., was first recorded by Graham (5, 6) as a new variety or race on jack pine. Subsequent studies by Graham (6 showed that in the early stages of their development the larvae of this insect prefer jack-pine staminate flowers as a habitat. Population records from Manitoba and northwestern Ontario indicate that infestations of the jack-pine budworm are invariably associated with an abundance of staminate flowers.
Egg-laying Habits, Overwintering Stages, and Life-cycle of Simulium arcticum Mall. (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. , Rempel J. G. , Arnason A. P.
Published: January 2010

Investigations begun in 1947 in Saskatchewan have provided new data on the life-history and habits of the black fly Simulium arcticum Mall. The only published account of the biology and egg-laying habits of this species is that by Cameron (1922). He states that the eggs are laid in the usual black-fly fashion, i.e., attached in masses to rocks wetted by sprav in river rapids. The evidence here reported, however, indicates that the eggs are laid singly over the surface of flowing water and that these eggs settle and beconie embedded in the sand on the bottom. The investigations have conclusively shown that the species over-winters in the egg stage. These facts, important in an understanding of the biology of the species, are of particular value in planning a sound program of control.
The Philosophical Foundations of Systematica
Authors: Thompson W. R.
Published: January 2010

At the time when the Entomological Society of Canada was founded, 88 years ago, the science of entomology was almost synonymous with systematics. I say almost synonymous, because important advances in the study of insect development and behaviour had already occurred and even economic entomology, which now absorbs nine-tenths of our professional effort, was already showing signs of growth. Nevertheless, the great names in entomology were still those of the systematists. The work of description and classification was still the most absorbing interest in the entomological field.
Determining Sample Size
Authors: Oakland G. B.
Published: January 2010

The problem of sample size usually confronts the research worker in the initial stages of an investigation. Many short methods have been used for determining sample size such as extracting the square root of the number of boxes or taking a 10 percent sample. While these techniques are easy to use nevertheless they are not based upon a statistical evaluation of the experiment. Sample size in an experiment is often dictated by the amount of time, money and labor available but even under such conditions it is possible to evaluate the precision of the experiment when the number of replications is dictated by necessity.
An Electrophysiological Approach to the Study of Chemical Sensory Reception in Certain Insects
Authors: Chapman John A. , Craig Roderick
Published: January 2010

In the past twenty years or so many investigators have studied amplified electrical activity from nerve fibers supplving sensory receptors in many animals, including insects (see 2, 5, 8, 16, 19). With this technique much information has been secured concerning the characreristics of mechanical receptors (touch, pressure, sound, etc.) and photoreceptors. To a much lesser extent temperature, pain, taste and other chemical receptor activity in vertebrates has been studied although no electrical potentials appear to have been recorded from individual olfactory nerve fibers in any organism.
Notes on the Biology of the Tuber Flea Beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gentner (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in the Interior of British Columbia
Authors: Neilson C. L. , Finlayson D. G.
Published: January 2010

The tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tubrnis Gent., has been a pest of potatoes in the Fraser Valley and the lower mainland of British Columbia since 1940 (Glendenning, 1942); However, it was first reported from the interior in 1944, at Keremeos and Princeton and in the southern Okanagan Valley (Buckell, 1944). In 1945 and 1946, the first surveys were made to determine the area involved. The area and the degree of infestation have since increased anti1 it is now a very serious pest in the interior. The area of infestation is bounded by the International Border on the south and the Okanagan Valley on the east and extends northward to Malakwa. From here the line runs west through Adam's Lake to Barriere, to Criss Creek, to Pavillion, thence south to Lillooet, Lytton, Merritt, Princeton, and Hedley.
The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. V. The Predacious Thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood
Authors: MacPhee A. W.
Published: January 2010

Lord (1949) listed the predators of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch.), in Nova Scotia and described the effects of a number of chemicals on them. Among the more important predators is the thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood. This thrips, however, does not confine its feeding to European red mite eggs but readily attacks the eggs of many other mites and insects. There is strong evidence that it is one of the most important biotic factors in the natural control of insect and mite pests in Nova Scotia apple orchards. It and another species, Leptothrips mali (Fitch), are the only thrips of economic significance, and H. faurei, because of its greater numbers, is the more important. A description of the life-history of L. mali was given by Bailey (1940), who also (1939) studied the biology of another thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.), which is of minor importance in Nova Scotia. The only other predacious thrips found is a species bclieved to be Zygothrips minutus Uzel, which occurs only rarely and in small numbers. Haplothrips subtilissimus Hal. (later identified as H. faurei), was found by Putman (1942) in Ontario to be predacious on phytophagons mites and the eggs of oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck.
A New Species of Cinara (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Saskatchewan
Authors: Bradley G. A.
Published: January 2010

Alate Viviparous Female: Body, legs, antennae, and cornicles bearing moderately long setae, but not conspicuously hairy. In cleared specimens, the following parts are dusky brown: head, thorax, cornicles, cauda, coxae, rostrum and bases of the femora; a very short basal portion, and the distal half of the tibiae; tarsi; antennal joints I, II, VI, and distal portions of III, IV and V. As in many other species in this genus, there are four longitudinal rows of small brown spots dorsally on the abdomen, extending from the thorax to the area between the cornicles, and two rows laterally, one on each side, composed of somewhat larger brown areas around the spiracles. Remainder of body and appendages clear. Wings hyaline, with media faint and twice-branched. Antennal sensoria, III 5(4-6); IV(1-2); V 2. Ocular tubercles present.
The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. IV. A Review
Authors: Pickett A. D. , Patterson N. A.
Published: January 2010

Studies on the ecology of the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia were initiated in 1943, to determine the long-term influence of spray chemicals on the populations of apple-infesting insects. At that time it was felt that the indiscriminate use of spray chemicals in the control of orchard pests was sometimes creating worse problems than those corrected–and was threatening the economy of apple production; and that there was an urgent need to determine, if possible, how to harmonize biological and chemical control. A more comprehensive discussion on the biological and philosophical concepts on which the studies were based may be found elsewhere (Pickett et al., 1946; Pickett, 1949a; 1949b).
Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death
Authors: Tessier Anne-Julie , Cortese Marianna , Yuan Changzheng , Bjornevik Kjetil , Ascherio Alberto , Wang Daniel D. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Stampfer Meir J. , Hu Frank B. , Willett Walter C. , Guasch-Ferré Marta
Published: May 2024

Importance

Age-standardized dementia mortality rates are on the rise. Whether long-term consumption of olive oil and diet quality are associated with dementia-related death is unknown.

Objective

To examine the association of olive oil intake with the subsequent risk of dementia-related death and assess the joint association with diet quality and substitution for other fats.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study examined data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1990-2018) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1990-2018). The population included women from the NHS and men from the HPFS who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to July 2023.

Exposures

Olive oil intake was assessed every 4 years using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized as (1) never or less than once per month, (2) greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4.5 g/d, (3) greater than 4.5 g/d to less than or equal to 7 g/d, and (4) greater than 7 g/d. Diet quality was based on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet score.

Main Outcome and Measure

Dementia death was ascertained from death records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders including genetic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors.

Results

Of 92 383 participants, 60 582 (65.6%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 56.4 (8.0) years. During 28 years of follow-up (2 183 095 person-years), 4751 dementia-related deaths occurred. Individuals who were homozygous for the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele were 5 to 9 times more likely to die with dementia. Consuming at least 7 g/d of olive oil was associated with a 28% lower risk of dementia-related death (adjusted pooled HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64-0.81]) compared with never or rarely consuming olive oil (P for trend < .001); results were consistent after further adjustment for APOE ε4. No interaction by diet quality scores was found. In modeled substitution analyses, replacing 5 g/d of margarine and mayonnaise with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with an 8% (95% CI, 4%-12%) to 14% (95% CI, 7%-20%) lower risk of dementia mortality. Substitutions for other vegetable oils or butter were not significant.

Conclusions and Relevance

In US adults, higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality, irrespective of diet quality. Beyond heart health, the findings extend the current dietary recommendations of choosing olive oil and other vegetable oils for cognitive-related health.
Smart Building Material with Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Reversible Color Switching
Authors: Liu Min , Chen Chen , Jin Xue‐Ting , Xue Cheng , Zhang Shu‐Xin , Feng Pan , Luo Yang‐Hui
Published: May 2024

Smart materials and devices play an increasingly important role in improving modern life due to their richer functions, enhanced controllability, and improved biocompatibility. Herein, calcium silicate hydration (C–S–H) is integrated with layered [Co(NCS)2(pyrazine)2]n metal–organic frameworks (Co–MOF) and polymeric skeleton to fabricate the smart building material (M–C–S–H). C–S–H was anchored on the polymeric skeleton to reinforce the network structure for enhanced mechanical strength and toughness. Simultaneously, the highly porous skeleton structure enables the uniform distribution of layered Co–MOF, which could maintain its molecular form to endow the M–C–S–H with the photoresponsive color‐switching performance. The M–C–S–H as a smart building material exhibits the color change between light blue and black blue upon near‐infrared illumination on/off within a wide temperature range to achieve personalized wall and building decoration. Taking advantage of the low cost, rapid response, outstanding reversibility, and good color stability, M–C–S–H could provide lively, dynamic, and changeable decorating effects for walls and buildings.
Highly Efficient, Recyclable Microplastic Adsorption Enabled by Chitin Hydrogen Bond Network Rearrangement
Authors: Wu Yang , Ye Chenghao , Liu Fangtian , Gu Xiangkui , Yu Le , Shi Xiaowen , Du Yumin , Ding Mingyue , Chen Chaoji , Deng Hongbing
Published: May 2024

A sustainable strategy based on chitin from waste seafood is proposed to remove nano‐size microplastics in water. A chitin nanofibrous foam is constructed by a new hydrogen bond rearrangement scheme without any crosslinking, which delivers an impressive high adsorption capacity of 411.14 ± 1.50 mg g−1 for small‐sized (< 1 µm) microplastics. This excellent adsorption capacity stems from the rough fibrous surface structure of the highly porous foam, the positively charged nature of the partially deacetylated chitin and other molecular interactions introduced by the activation and increased exposure of ‐OH, ‐NH2 and ‐NHCO‐ groups. Molecular dynamics simulation further demonstrates that C‐H‐π, O‐H‐π, and C = O‐π interactions between the microplastics and chitin foam facilitates the efficient removal of microplastics. A high removal efficiency is maintained even in salty water, a property that exemplifies good adaptability to various water bodies. Finally, two proof‐of‐principle scenarios are presented for converting the recovered microplastics into value‐added products. Thus, the entire cycling strategy represents a powerful remedy for the urgent yet challenging ocean microplastic pollution problem.
An Immunoregulation Hydrogel with Controlled Hyperthermia‐Augmented Oxygenation and ROS Scavenging for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Qi Xiaoliang , Ge XinXin , Chen Xiaojing , Cai Erya , Xiang Yajing , Xu Hangbin , Li Ying , Lan Yulong , Shi Yizuo , Deng Hui , Shen Jianliang
Published: May 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a serious and increasingly common chronic issue among diabetics, often do not respond well to generalized treatment strategies. Hypoxia and the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in inflammatory dysregulation and subsequent imbalance in macrophage phenotypes, are critical factors contributing to the prolonged non‐healing of DFU wounds. These two issues often interact in a continuous, problematic cycle. Presently, there is a lack of comprehensive strategies aimed at addressing both of these factors simultaneously to interrupt this detrimental cycle. Herein, an immunomodulatory hydrogel (PHG2) is developed for reshaping the hostile DFU microenvironment. The engineered PHG2 not only removes excess internally‐produced ROS but also generates O2, with its efficiency further boosted by local hyperthermia (42.5 °C) activated by near‐infrared light. Through both in vitro and in vivo studies, along with transcriptomic assessment, it is confirmed that PHG2 disrupts the detrimental feedback loop between ROS and inflammation while also lowering the M1/M2 macrophage ratio. Such discoveries contribute to a significant enhancement in the healing process of injuries that undergo a gradual increase in movement, covering wounds from the back, mouth, to the foot. Ultimately, this method provides an easy, safe, and highly effective solution for treating DFUs.
Boosting the Performance of Sb2Se3 Cathode‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries by Carbon Coating
Authors: Guo Baiyu , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Xuedong , Zhou Kai , Ye Zhangran , Sun Jun , Guo Yunna , Qiu Hailong , Zhang Liqiang , Tang Yongfu , Huang Jianyu
Published: May 2024

All‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) is a potential future energy storage technology to power the future world. However, the solid–solid contacts among the various components in ASSB often require a high stack pressure which is unrealistic in practical applications. Here it is shown that by carbon‐coating Sb2Se3 (Sb2Se3@C) nanorods, a record low stack pressure is attained, and the Sb2Se3@C electrode exhibits outstanding performance of 862 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 when it is operated at 5 MPa stack pressure in an ASSB using LiIn anode and Li10Si0.3PS6.7Cl1.8 solid‐state electrolytes. Furthermore, a record high active material loading (the mass fraction of Sb2Se3@C being 0.7 in composite cathode) is achieved, and the Sb2Se3@C based ASSB delivers a reversible capacity of 2.6 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles. This work provides a strategy to significantly increase the cathode active material loading and dramatically reduce the stack pressure of ASSBs, which brings it one step closer toward the practical implementation of ASSBs for energy storage applications.
O‐2p Hybridization Enhanced Transformation of Active γ‐NiOOH by Chromium Doping for Efficient Urea Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Xu Shan , Jiao Dongxu , Ruan Xiaowen , Jin Zhaoyong , Qiu Yu , Feng Zhipeng , Zheng Lirong , Fan Jinchang , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2024

The electrooxidation of urea holds great potential for converting urea from wastewater into hydrogen, contributing to environmental protection and sustainable energy production. This necessitates the development of highly efficient and stable catalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). In this study, a NiCoCr‐LDH/NF (nickel‐cobalt‐chromium layered double hydroxide/nickel foam) electrode is successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic performance with a low work potential of 1.38 V at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2. In situ, Raman spectra analysis revealed that the incorporation of chromium (Cr) facilitated the generation of active γ‐NiOOH species and catalyst reconstruction. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed that the lower formation energy of γ‐NiOOH is due to the weakened interaction of O─H bonds because of a narrow energy range of hybridization between O‐2pz orbitals and H‐1s orbitals. The introduction of Cr also improved the adsorption energy of urea molecules and its intermediates, thereby enhancing the overall activity of UOR. With its excellent electrocatalytic performance, unique electronic states, and coordination structures, the NiCoCr‐LDH/NF electrode showcases great potential for practical applications in the field of energy catalysis.
Photo‐Assisted Bifunctional Cathodes with Lower Energy Gap and Broadened Light Absorbing Region for Lithium‐Ion Batteries – Extended Conjugation Through Customization
Authors: Yu Shiwei , Sun Houliang , Ullah Zaka , Chen Ledi , An Xiaowei , Chen Mingliang , Zhu Shoupu , Liu Liwei , Li Qi
Published: May 2024

High‐performance optoelectronic bifunctional cathode materials may simultaneously seize and store solar energy in lithium‐ion batteries to boost their storage capacity. However, such photoactive cathodes with typical intrinsic features are generally limited for UV light applications and offer poor sunlight harvesting which results in lower energy density. Here, the assembly of two oligomers, poly(vat blue 6) (PVB6) and poly(vat blue 6 sulfide) (PVB6S) is reported, through polymerization to extend the conjugated structure of organic optoelectronic small molecules. These oligomers are effectively employed as photo‐assisted bifunctional cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. The extended conjugated structure narrows the energy gap, promoting exciton dissociation and expanding the light absorption region. PVB6S possesses a narrow energy gap of 1.565 eV, and the discharge‐specific capacity of the battery with PVB6S is enhanced from 203 to 411 mAh g−1 under light illumination, which is approximately twice the original capacity. This demonstrates the extended conjugated structure and charge separation in a cell, which synergistically contributes to the rational design of photo‐assisted bifunctional cathode materials and complementary enhances the performance of lithium‐ion batteries.
Accelerated Engineering of ELP‐Based Materials through Hybrid Biomimetic‐De Novo Predictive Molecular Design
Authors: Laakko Timo , Korkealaakso Antti , Yildirir Burcu Firatligil , Batys Piotr , Liljeström Ville , Hokkanen Ari , Nonappa  , Penttilä Merja , Laukkanen Anssi , Miserez Ali , Södergård Caj , Mohammadi Pezhman
Published: May 2024

Efforts to engineer high‐performance protein‐based materials inspired by nature have mostly focused on altering naturally occurring sequences to confer the desired functionalities, whereas de novo design lags significantly behind and calls for unconventional innovative approaches. Here, using partially disordered elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) as initial building blocks this work shows that de novo engineering of protein materials can be accelerated through hybrid biomimetic design, which this work achieves by integrating computational modeling, deep neural network, and recombinant DNA technology. This generalizable approach involves incorporating a series of de novo‐designed sequences with α‐helical conformation and genetically encoding them into biologically inspired intrinsically disordered repeating motifs. The new ELP variants maintain structural conformation and showed tunable supramolecular self‐assembly out of thermal equilibrium with phase behavior in vitro. This work illustrates the effective translation of the predicted molecular designs in structural and functional materials. The proposed methodology can be applied to a broad range of partially disordered biomacromolecules and potentially pave the way toward the discovery of novel structural proteins.
Metal‐Halogen Interactions Inducing Phase Separation for Self‐Healing and Tough Ionogels with Tunable Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zheng Yiwei , Huang Aibin , Jiang Meng , Wang Lianjun , Zhang Qihao , Jiang Wan
Published: May 2024

Ionic liquid‐based thermoelectric gels become a compelling candidate for thermoelectric power generation and sensing due to their giant thermopower, good thermal stability, high flexibility, and low‐cost production. However, the materials reported to date suffer from canonical trade‐offs between self‐healing ability, stretchability, strength, and ionic conductivity. Herein, a self‐healing and tough ionogel (PEO/LiTFSI/EmimCl) with tunable thermoelectric properties by tailoring metal‐halogen bonding interactions, is developed. Different affinities between polymer matrix and salts are exploited to induce phase separation, resulting in simultaneous enhancement of ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and spectroscopic analyses show that Cl− ions impair the lithium‐ether oxygen coordination, leading to changes in chain conformation. The migration difference between cations and anions is thus widened and a transition from n‐type to p‐type thermoelectric ionogels is realized. Furthermore, the dynamic interactions of metal‐ligand coordination and hydrogen bonding yield autonomously self‐healing capability, large stretchability (2000%), and environment‐friendly recyclability. Benefiting from these fascinating properties, the multifunctional PEO‐based ionogels are applied in sensors, supercapacitors, and thermoelectric power generation modules. The strategy of tuning solvation dominance to address the trade‐offs in thermoelectric ionogels and optimize their macroscopic properties offers new possibilities for the design of advanced ionogels.
Activating Macrophage Continual Efferocytosis via Microenvironment Biomimetic Short Fibers for Reversing Inflammation in Bone Repair
Authors: Wang Haoran , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yipu , Li Chao , Zhang Mo , Wang Juan , Zhang Yingze , Du Yawei , Cui Wenguo , Chen Wei
Published: May 2024

Efferocytosis‐mediated inflammatory reversal plays a crucial role in bone repairing process. However, in refractory bone defects, the macrophage continual efferocytosis may be suppressed due to the disrupted microenvironment homeostasis, particularly the loss of apoptotic signals and overactivation of intracellular oxidative stress. In this study, a polydopamine‐coated short fiber matrix containing biomimetic “apoptotic signals” to reconstruct the microenvironment and reactivate macrophage continual efferocytosis for inflammatory reversal and bone defect repair is presented. The “apoptotic signals” (AM/CeO2) are prepared using CeO2 nanoenzymes with apoptotic neutrophil membrane coating for macrophage recognition and oxidative stress regulation. Additionally, a short fiber “biomimetic matrix” is utilized for loading AM/CeO2 signals via abundant adhesion sites involving π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Ultimately, the implantable apoptosis‐mimetic nanoenzyme/short‐fiber matrixes (PFS@AM/CeO2), integrating apoptotic signals and biomimetic matrixes, are constructed to facilitate inflammatory reversal and reestablish the pro‐efferocytosis microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that the microenvironment biomimetic short fibers can activate macrophage continual efferocytosis, leading to the suppression of overactivated inflammation. The enhanced repair of rat femoral defect further demonstrates the osteogenic potential of the pro‐efferocytosis strategy. It is believed that the regulation of macrophage efferocytosis through microenvironment biomimetic materials can provide a new perspective for tissue repair.
Tissue Doppler imaging of the diaphragm and outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Xin Shaobo , Li Yingjia , Liu Rui , Liu Xiaozhen , Cai Shaoqing
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to employ tissue Doppler imaging to monitor diaphragmatic peak velocity and acceleration during contraction and relaxation in mechanically ventilated patients, with the objective of assessing the potential utility of this technique in predicting weaning outcomes.

Methods

A total of 89 adult subjects were recruited in this study. After 30 min of spontaneous breathing trial, the diaphragm motion parameters, including peak contraction velocity, peak relaxation velocity, contraction acceleration and relaxation acceleration, were measured in real time using tissue Doppler imaging. According to the results of weaning, the patients were divided into successful weaning group and failed weaning group. The differences of diaphragmatic tissue Doppler imaging monitoring indicators between the two groups were analysed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyse the value of each ultrasound parameter in predicting weaning.

Results

In the successful weaning group, there were 61 subjects, while in the failed weaning group, there were 28 subjects. The peak contraction velocity, peak relaxation velocity, contraction acceleration and relaxation acceleration of the diaphragm were significantly higher in the failed weaning group compared to the successful weaning group (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of diaphragmatic peak contraction velocity, peak relaxation velocity, diaphragmatic contraction acceleration and diaphragmatic relaxation acceleration were 0.81 (0.72–0.91), 0.85 (0.77–0.93), 0.74 (0.63–0.86) and 0.86 (0.78–0.94), respectively.

Conclusions

The diaphragm ultrasonic tissue Doppler imaging variables can serve as predictive indicators for weaning mechanical ventilation in patients, thus providing an effective tool to assist critical care physicians in determining the optimal timing for weaning mechanical ventilation.
Aqueous Developable and CO2‐Sourced Chemical Amplification Photoresist with High Performance
Authors: Lu Xin‐Yu , Zhang Rui‐Sheng , Yang Guan‐Wen , Li Qiang , Li Bo , Wu Guang‐Peng
Published: May 2024

Seeking high‐performance photoresists is an important item for semiconductor industry due to the continuous miniaturization and intelligentization of integrated circuits. Polymer resin containing carbonate group has many desirable properties, such as high transmittance, acid sensitivity and chemical formulation, thus serving as promising photoresist material. In this work, a series of aqueous developable CO2‐sourced polycarbonates (CO2‐PCs) were produced via alternating copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides bearing acid‐cleavable cyclic acetal groups in the presence of tetranuclear organoborane catalyst. The produced CO2‐PCs were investigated as chemical amplification resists in deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. Under the catalysis of photogenerated acid, the acetal (ketal) groups in CO2‐PC were hydrolysed into two equivalents of hydroxyl groups, which change the exposed area from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity, thus enabling the exposed area to be developed with water. Through normalized remaining thickness analysis, the optimal CO2‐derived resist achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 1.9 mJ/cm2, a contrast of 7.9, a favorable resolution (750 nm, half pitch), and a good etch resistance (38 % higher than poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)). Such performances outperform commercial KrF and ArF chemical amplification resists (i.e., polyhydroxystyrene‐derived and polymethacrylate‐based resists), which endows broad application prospects in the field of DUV (KrF and ArF) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for nanomanufacturing.