bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Ag Nanoparticles of Small Size on a Hierarchical Porosity Support for the Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargyl Alcohols with CO2 under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Cui Meng , Qian Qingli , He Zhenhong , Ma Jun , Kang Xinchen , Hu Jiayin , Liu Zhimin , Han Buxing
Published: September 2015

Both immobilization of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) of very small size on hierarchical porosity supports and carboxylative cyclization of propargyl alcohols with CO2 under ambient conditions are very interesting. In this work, we synthesized AgNPs supported on sulfonated macroreticular resin (SMR) with hierarchical pores in water/alcohol solutions. It was shown that the size of the AgNPs on the SMR could be tailored easily by altering the synthetic solutions, and very small AgNPs with narrow size distribution (1–3 nm) could be obtained in water/methanol solution. It was found that the AgNPs/SMR with small AgNPs was highly efficient and an easily recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates by carboxylative cyclization of propargyl alcohols with CO2 at ambient pressure and temperature, which was the first work to use metal nanoparticles as the catalysts for the reaction.
Effect of Different Z‐Inducers on the Stabilization of Z Portion in BZ‐DNA Sequence: Correlation Between Experimental and Simulation Data
Authors: Pietropaolo Adriana , D'urso Alessandro , Purrello Roberto , Berova Nina
Published: September 2015

In this study we show the outstanding agreement between simulation and experimental data concerning the efficient stabilization effect by NaCl of Z conformation. We demonstrate by circular dichroism (CD) experiments that Na+ not only is able to induce a B to Z form transition in a short (GC)3 alternated portion of a sequence having 17 basis, but also is the best stabilizer in comparison with other Z inducers used (spermine and NiCl2). This result was confirmed by free energy calculations. Chirality 27:773–778, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overeating with and without loss of control: Associations with weight status, weight‐related characteristics, and psychosocial health
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Loth Katie A. , MacLehose Richard F. , Pisetsky Emily M. , Berge Jerica M. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne
Published: September 2015

Objective

The relative importance of loss of control and overeating in the relationship between binge eating and eating‐related and general psychopathology has been debated in the literature. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of overeating with and without loss of control within a diverse, population‐based sample of adolescents.

Method

A highly diverse (81.1% non‐White) sample of adolescents (n = 2,793) from EAT‐2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) completed self‐report questionnaires assessing eating‐related psychopathology, substance use, nonsuicidal self‐injury, depressive symptoms, and self‐esteem.

Results

Overeating without loss of control was reported by 6.9% of girls and 5.0% of boys, while 9.6% of girls and 6.3% of boys reported overeating with loss of control (binge eating). Overall, overeating (with or without loss of control) was positively associated with unhealthy or extreme weight control behaviors, dieting, nonsuicidal self‐injury, lower body satisfaction, and self‐esteem, and higher depressive symptoms relative to no overeating. Among girls, binge eating was associated with unhealthy or extreme weight control behaviors, lower self‐esteem, and higher depressive symptoms relative to overeating without loss of control, while in boys, binge eating was associated with greater cigarette usage, lower body satisfaction, and greater depressive symptoms than overeating without loss of control (although cigarette usage was comparable in boys reporting binge eating and no overeating).

Discussion

Any overeating, with or without loss of control, was associated with multiple adverse correlates among adolescents. Loss of control was uniquely associated with multiple health indicators, further highlighting its importance as a marker of severity of overeating. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1150–1157).
A highly conserved NF‐κB‐responsive enhancer is critical for thymic expression of Aire in mice
Authors: Haljasorg Uku , Bichele Rudolf , Saare Mario , Guha Mithu , Maslovskaja Julia , Kõnd Karin , Remm Anu , Pihlap Maire , Tomson Laura , Kisand Kai , Laan Martti , Peterson Pärt
Published: September 2015

Autoimmune regulator (Aire) has a unique expression pattern in thymic medullary epithelial cells (mTECs), in which it plays a critical role in the activation of tissue‐specific antigens. The expression of Aire in mTECs is activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) signaling; however, the molecular mechanism behind this activation is unknown. Here, we characterize a conserved noncoding sequence 1 (CNS1) containing two NF‐κB binding sites upstream of the Aire coding region. We show that CNS1‐deficient mice lack thymic expression of Aire and share several features of Aire‐knockout mice, including downregulation of Aire‐dependent genes, impaired terminal differentiation of the mTEC population, and reduced production of thymic Treg cells. In addition, we show that CNS1 is indispensable for RANK‐induced Aire expression and that CNS1 is activated by NF‐κB pathway complexes containing RelA. Together, our results indicate that CNS1 is a critical link between RANK signaling, NF‐κB activation, and thymic expression of Aire.
Emotion Recognition in Blended Facial Expressions in Women with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Dapelo Marcela Marin , Surguladze Simon , Morris Robin , Tchanturia Kate
Published: September 2015

People with anorexia nervosa (AN) have difficulties in the social domain, and problems in the ability to recognise emotions in people's faces may contribute to these difficulties. This study aimed to investigate emotion recognition in women with AN and healthy controls (HC), using pictures of faces portraying blended emotions at different levels of ambiguity, which resemble real‐life expressions more closely than prototypical expressions used in past studies. Seventy‐seven participants (35 AN; 42 HC) completed the emotion recognition task. Results indicated that participants with AN were less accurate than HC recognising expressions of disgust, when shown less ambiguously. There were no differences in the recognition of other emotions. Participants with AN also showed response bias towards anger. These findings suggest a generally preserved ability to recognise emotions in women with AN, with the exception of disgust recognition. They also support previous findings of bias towards anger in AN patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evidence from pupillometry and fMRI indicates reduced neural response during vicarious social pain but not physical pain in autism
Authors: Krach Sören , Kamp‐Becker Inge , Einhäuser Wolfgang , Sommer Jens , Frässle Stefan , Jansen Andreas , Rademacher Lena , Müller‐Pinzler Laura , Gazzola Valeria , Paulus Frieder M.
Published: September 2015

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by substantial social deficits. The notion that dysfunctions in neural circuits involved in sharing another's affect explain these deficits is appealing, but has received only modest experimental support. Here we evaluated a complex paradigm on the vicarious social pain of embarrassment to probe social deficits in ASD as to whether it is more potent than paradigms currently in use. To do so we acquired pupillometry and fMRI in young adults with ASD and matched healthy controls. During a simple vicarious physical pain task no differences emerged between groups in behavior, pupillometry, and neural activation of the anterior insula (AIC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, processing complex vicarious social pain yielded reduced responses in ASD on all physiological measures of sharing another's affect. The reduced activity within the AIC was thereby explained by the severity of autistic symptoms in the social and affective domain. Additionally, behavioral responses lacked correspondence with the anterior cingulate and anterior insula cortex activity found in controls. Instead, behavioral responses in ASD were associated with hippocampal activity. The observed dissociation echoes the clinical observations that deficits in ASD are most pronounced in complex social situations and simple tasks may not probe the dysfunctions in neural pathways involved in sharing affect. Our results are highly relevant because individuals with ASD may have preserved abilities to share another's physical pain but still have problems with the vicarious representation of more complex emotions that matter in life. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting‐state functional connectivity and presynaptic monoamine signaling in Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Zhu Xi , Dutta Nisha , Helton Sarah G. , Schwandt Melanie , Yan Jia , Hodgkinson Colin A. , Cortes Carlos R. , Kerich Mike , Hall Samuel , Sun Hui , Phillips Monte , Momenan Reza , Lohoff Falk W.
Published: September 2015

Alcohol Dependence (AD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with high degrees of morbidity and mortality. While multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in the complex symptomatology of AD, monoamine dysregulation and subsequent neuroadaptations have been long postulated to play an important role. Presynaptic monoamine transporters, such as the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1), are likely critical as they represent a key common entry point for monoamine regulation and may represent a shared pathway for susceptibility to AD. Excessive monoaminergic signaling as mediated by genetic variation in VMAT1 might affect functional brain connectivity in particular in alcoholics compared to controls. We conducted resting‐state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) analysis using the independent component analysis (ICA) approach in 68 AD subjects and 72 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the Thr136Ile (rs1390938) variant in VMAT1. Functional connectivity analyses showed a significant increase of resting‐state FC in 4 networks in alcoholics compared to controls (P < 0.05, corrected). The FC was significantly positively correlated with Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS). The hyperfunction allele 136Ile was associated with a significantly decreased FC in the Default Mode Network, Prefrontal Cortex Network, and Executive Control Network in alcohol dependent participants (P < 0.05, corrected), but not in controls. Our data suggest that increased FC might represent a neuroadaptive mechanism relevant to AD that is furthermore mediated by genetic variation in VMAT1. The hyperfunction allele Thr136Ile might have a protective effect that is, in particular, relevant in AD by mechanism of increased monoamine transport into presynaptic storage vesicles. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4808–4818, 2015. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Identification of infants at high‐risk for autism spectrum disorder using multiparameter multiscale white matter connectivity networks
Authors: Jin Yan , Wee Chong‐Yaw , Shi Feng , Thung Kim‐Han , Ni Dong , Yap Pew‐Thian , Shen Dinggang
Published: September 2015

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a wide range of disabilities that cause life‐long cognitive impairment and social, communication, and behavioral challenges. Early diagnosis and medical intervention are important for improving the life quality of autistic patients. However, in the current practice, diagnosis often has to be delayed until the behavioral symptoms become evident during childhood. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning techniques for identifying high‐risk ASD infants at as early as six months after birth. This is based on the observation that ASD‐induced abnormalities in white matter (WM) tracts and whole‐brain connectivity have already started to appear within 24 months after birth. In particular, we propose a novel multikernel support vector machine classification framework by using the connectivity features gathered from WM connectivity networks, which are generated via multiscale regions of interest (ROIs) and multiple diffusion statistics such as fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and average fiber length. Our proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 76% and an area of 0.80 under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), in comparison to the accuracy of 70% and the AUC of 70% provided by the best single‐parameter single‐scale network. The improvement in accuracy is mainly due to the complementary information provided by multiparameter multiscale networks. In addition, our framework also provides the potential imaging connectomic markers and an objective means for early ASD diagnosis.Hum Brain Mapp 36:4880–4896, 2015. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal‐DMN disconnectivity in MS is related to WM lesions and depression
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Pravatà Emanuele , Valsasina Paola , Radaelli Marta , Colombo Bruno , Vacchi Laura , Gobbi Claudio , Comi Giancarlo , Falini Andrea , Filippi Massimo
Published: September 2015

The hippocampus is part of the default‐mode network (DMN) and is functionally hit early in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hippocampal and DMN dysfunctions have been associated with depression, both in patients with MS and in major depressive disorders. We hypothesized that white matter lesions may contribute, through a disconnection mechanism, to hippocampal dysfunction. To test this, we assessed the relationship between hippocampal resting‐state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities with brain T2 lesion volumes and the presence and severity of depression. Structural and RS fMRI images were acquired from 69 patients with cognitively intact MS and 42 matched healthy controls (HC). Depression was quantified using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Seed‐voxel hippocampal RS FC was assessed. SPM8 was used for between‐group comparisons and correlation analysis between RS FC abnormalities with clinical and structural MRI variables. Compared to HC, patients with MS showed a significant atrophy of the whole brain and left hippocampus (P < 0.001), and a distributed pattern of decreased RS FC between the hippocampi and several cortical–subcortical regions, which were mostly located within the DMN. Reduced hippocampal RS FC with regions of the DMN was strongly correlated with higher T2 lesion volume, longer disease duration, and the severity of depression and disability. In patients with cognitively preserved MS, brain focal WM lesions are related to the functional integration of the hippocampus to other brain regions of the DMN, suggesting a disconnection syndrome. Such a disruption of hippocampal RS FC is likely to contribute to the occurrence of depression and to clinical disability. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5051–5063, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ketamine Increases Permeability and Alters Epithelial Phenotype of Renal Distal Tubular Cells via a GSK‐3β‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Shyu Hsin‐Yi , Ko Chun‐Jung , Luo Yu‐Chen , Lin Hsin‐Ying , Wu Shang‐Ru , Lan Shao‐Wei , Cheng Tai‐Shan , Hu Shih‐Hsiung , Lee Ming‐Shyue
Published: September 2015

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is misused and abused worldwide as an illegal recreational drug. In addition to its neuropathic toxicity, ketamine abuse has numerous effects, including renal failure; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The process called epithelial phenotypic changes (EPCs) causes the loss of cell–cell adhesion and cell polarity in renal diseases, as well as the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties. Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, an in vitro cell model, were subjected to experimental manipulation to investigate whether ketamine could promote EPCs. Our data showed that ketamine dramatically decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased paracellular permeability and junction disruption, which were coupled to decreased levels of apical junctional proteins (ZO‐1, occludin, and E‐cadherin). Consistent with the downregulation of epithelial markers, the mesenchymal markers N‐cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin were markedly upregulated following ketamine stimulation. Of the E‐cadherin repressor complexes tested, the mRNA levels of Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1 were elevated. Moreover, ketamine significantly enhanced migration and invasion. Ketamine‐mediated changes were at least partly caused by the inhibition of GSK‐3β activity through Ser‐9 phosphorylation by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt with LY294002 reactivated GSK‐3β and suppressed ketamine‐enhanced permeability, EPCs, and motility. These findings were recapitulated by the inactivation of GSK‐3β using the inhibitor 3F8. Taken together, these results provide evidence that ketamine induces renal distal tubular EPCs through the downregulation of several junction proteins, the upregulation of mesenchymal markers, the activation of Akt, and the inactivation of GSK‐3β. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 881–893, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fyn Accelerates M Phase Progression by Promoting the Assembly of Mitotic Spindle Microtubules
Authors: Okamoto Mai , Nakayama Yuji , Kakihana Ayana , Yuki Ryuzaburo , Yamaguchi Noritaka , Yamaguchi Naoto
Published: September 2015

The mitotic spindle is the major piece of cellular machinery essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Whereas Fyn, a member of Src‐family kinases, is known to be localized to the meiotic and mitotic spindle microtubules, the role of Fyn in mitotic spindle formation has not yet been completely elucidated. In this study, we studied the role of Fyn in spindle formation and effects on M‐phase progression. Re‐expression of Fyn induced increases in the fluorescence intensity of mitotic spindle microtubules in SYF cells having triple knock‐out mutations of c‐Src, c‐Yes, and Fyn. Cold treatment results showed that Fyn increases the maximum length of microtubules in HeLa S3 cells in a manner dependent on Fyn kinase activity. Complete depolymerization of microtubules under cold treatment and the following release into 37°C revealed that the increase in the microtubule length in Fyn‐expressing cells may be attributed to the promotion of microtubule polymerization. After cold treatment, Fyn promotes the accumulation of EB1, which is a plus‐end tracking protein and facilitates microtubule growth, in a manner dependent on the kinase activity. Furthermore, Fyn accelerates the M phase progression of cells from nocodazole arrest. These results suggest that Fyn facilitates mitotic spindle formation through the increase in microtubule polymerization, resulting in the acceleration of M‐phase progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 894–903, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe Polycystic Liver Disease Is Not Caused by Large Deletions of the PRKCSH Gene
Authors: Cnossen Wybrich R. , Maurits Jake S.F. , Salomon Jody , te Morsche René H.M. , Waanders Esmé , Drenth Joost P. H.
Published: September 2015

Background

Isolated polycystic liver disease (ADPLD) is an autosomal dominant Mendelian disorder. Heterozygous PRKCSH (where PRKCSH is protein kinase C substrate 80K‐H (80 kDa protein, heavy chain; MIM*177060) mutations are the most frequent cause. Routine molecular testing using Sanger sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in the PRKCSH (15%) and SEC63 (where SEC63 is Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog 63 (MIM*608648); 6%) genes, but about approximately 80% of patients meeting the clinical ADPLD criteria carry no PRKCSH or SEC63 mutation. Cyst tissue often shows somatic deletions with loss of heterozygosity that was recently recognized as a general mechanism in ADPLD. We hypothesized that germline deletions in the PRKCSH gene may be responsible for hepatic cystogenesis in a significant number of mutation‐negative ADPLD patients.

Methods

In this study, we designed a multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay to screen for deletions of PRKCSH exons. Genomic DNA from 60 patients with an ADPLD phenotype was included.

Results

MLPA analysis detected no exon deletions in mutation‐negative ADPLD patients.

Conclusion

Large copy number variations on germline level are not present in patients with a clinical diagnosis of ADPLD. MLPA analysis of the PRKCSH gene should not be considered as a diagnostic method to explain hepatic cystogenesis.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Andrographolide‐1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Chinthala Yakaiah , K Manjulatha , Sharma Pooja , Kvn Satya Srinivas , Jonnala Kotesh , Arigari Niranjana Kumar , Khan Feroz , Oh Setty
Published: September 2015

A series of new andrographolide‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j, 3k, were synthesized from a natural bioactive labdane type diterpenoid, andrographolide. All the derivatives were screened against human cancer cell lines MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231, COLO205, HepG2, K562, Hela, and HEK293 to evaluate their cytotoxic activity. All the compounds showed anticancer activity selectively against K562 cell line, with IC50 values ranging from 8.00 to 17.11 µM, and are inactive against the rest of the cell lines. Compounds 3c and 3d showed significant cytotoxicity among the synthesized derivatives. The in silico docking studies revealed compounds 3b and 3d with high binding affinity against the cancer target, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1.
The Long‐run Labour Market Effects of Expanding Access to Higher Education in South Korea
Authors: Jung Haeil , Pirog Maureen A. , Lee Sang Kyoo
Published: September 2015

A 1979 military coup in South Korea mandated that all colleges, public and private, expand their college admission quotas by 30 per cent in 1981 and 50 per cent in 1982. We use birth cohorts that were differentially exposed to this abrupt, exogenous policy change as an instrumental variable to identify the long‐term effects of college on labour market outcomes. We find that the college enrollment increase by the mandate led to higher monthly earnings and higher probabilities of ‘prestigious’ white‐collar employment. We discuss the historical context in which this intervention took place as well as its relevance for developing countries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of full‐wave EM models by low‐order low‐dimension polynomial surrogate functionals
Authors: Rayas‐Sánchez José E. , Chávez‐Hurtado José L. , Brito‐Brito Zabdiel
Published: September 2015

A practical formulation for EM‐based design optimization of high‐frequency circuits using simple polynomial surrogate functionals is proposed in this paper. Our approach starts from a careful selection of design variables and is based on a closed‐form formulation that yields global optimal values for the surrogate model weighting factors, avoiding a large set of expensive EM model data, and resulting in accurate low‐order low‐dimension polynomials interpolants that are used as vehicles for efficient design optimization. Our formulation is especially suitable for EM‐based design problems with no equivalent circuital models available. The proposed technique is illustrated by the EM‐based design optimization of a Ka‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) interconnect with conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) transitions, a low crosstalk PCB microstrip interconnect structure with guard traces, and a 10–40‐GHz SIW interconnect with microstrip transitions on a standard FR4‐based substrate. Three commercially available full‐wave EM solvers are used in our examples: CST, Sonnet, and COMSOL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Intuition in the Creative Process of Expert Chefs
Authors: Stierand Marc , Dörfler Viktor
Published: September 2015

Scholars studying intuition are frequently focusing on decision takers and to this day, they conceptualize intuition as a form of judgment. More recently, the notion of intuition in creativity has been challenged by the argument that although the creative process may contain intuitive judgments, any creative idea or solution is essentially the result of intuitive insight. This interpretivist study seeks an increased understanding of the role of intuition in the creative process by providing empirical evidence from in‐depth interviews with expert chefs. The findings show that the interviewees describe their experiences of the creative process consistent with how the literature describes intuition and explain intuitive insight and judgment as instantaneous yet distinct and rapid processes.
Well‐posedness of second order degenerate integro‐differential equations with infinite delay in vector‐valued function spaces
Authors: Cai Gang , Bu Shangquan
Published: September 2015

We study the well‐posedness of the second order degenerate differential equations with infinite delay: with periodic boundary conditions , where and M are closed linear operators in a Banach space satisfying , . Using operator‐valued Fourier multiplier techniques, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the well‐posedness of this problem in Lebesgue‐Bochner spaces , periodic Besov spaces and periodic Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces .
Strong convergence of two‐dimensional Vilenkin‐Fourier series
Authors: Memić Nacima , Simon Ilona , Tephnadze George
Published: September 2015

We prove that certain means of the quadratical partial sums of the two‐dimensional Vilenkin‐Fourier series are uniformly bounded operators from the Hardy space to the space for We also prove that the sequence in the denominator cannot be improved.
Use of the chimeric anterolateral thigh free flap in lower extremity reconstruction
Authors: Kim Sang Woo , Kim Kyu Nam , Hong Joon Pio , Park Sung Woo , Park Chae Ri , Yoon Chi Sun
Published: September 2015

Background

Reconstruction of three‐dimensional lower extremity defects is challenging because the dead space should be filled and the surface defect should be covered to prevent complications. We present our experience using the vastus lateralis muscle‐chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap for reconstructing three‐dimensional lower extremity defects.

Methods

This report describes 12 cases of three‐dimensional lower extremity defects that were treated via reconstruction using a chimeric ALT free flap between October 2010 and January 2015. The defects involved the foot (10 patients), distal lower leg (1 patient), and proximal lower leg (1 patient). The sizes of the surface defects ranged from 7.5 × 3 cm2 to 16 × 7 cm2, and the sizes of the estimated dead spaces ranged from 2 × 3 cm2 to 8 × 5 cm2. The skin and muscle segment sizes were also evaluated.

Results

The sizes of the skin flaps ranged from 8 × 4 cm2 to 17.5 × 8 cm2, and the sizes of the muscle segments ranged from 2 × 3 cm2 to 9 × 5 cm2. Eleven cases exhibited full flap survival and one case exhibited partial necrosis. The follow‐up periods ranged from 2 months to 38 months. We did not observe any ranges of motion limitations in the hip and knee joints of the operated leg, or any secondary complications (e.g., abscess or prolonged drainage).

Conclusions

The vastus lateralis muscle‐chimeric ALT free flap is a useful option for reconstructing three‐dimensional lower extremity defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:634–639, 2015.
Rational Design of Coumarin Derivatives as CK2 Inhibitors by Improving the Interaction with the Hinge Region
Authors: Zhang Na , Chen Wen‐juan , Zhou Yue , Zhao Hongtao , Zhong Ru‐gang
Published: September 2015

Design of novel coumarin derivatives as CK2 inhibitors were attempted by targeting the interaction with the hinge region. A set of substituents capable of forming a hydrogen bond or halogen bond with the hinge region were screened in silico, and trifluoromethyl emerges as a promising motif by forming favorable electrostatic interaction and a presumable halogen bond with the hinge region. As proof of concept, three trifluoromethyl derivatives of coumarin were synthesized and tested in vitro. The results indicated that replacement of methyl by trifluoromethyl leads to a modest 5‐fold improvement in potency, with the most active compound being 0.4 µM. The newly designed compounds were further screened on one lung cancer cell line A549, showing low micromolar anti‐proliferative activity.
Overmodulation of projections as signal‐to‐noise enhancement method in EPR imaging
Authors: Tadyszak Krzysztof , Boś‐Liedke Agnieszka , Jurga Jan , Baranowski Mikołaj , Mrówczyński Radosław , Chlewicki Wojciech , Jurga Stefan , Czechowski Tomasz
Published: September 2015

A study concerning the image quality in electron paramagnetic resonance imaging in two‐dimensional spatial experiments is presented. The aim of the measurements was to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the projections and the reconstructed image by applying modulation amplitude higher than the radical electron paramagnetic resonance linewidth. Data were gathered by applying four constant modulation amplitudes, where one was below 1/3 (Amod = 0.04 mT) of the radical linewidth (ΔBpp = 0.14 mT). Three other modulation amplitude values were used in this experiment, leading to undermodulated (Amod < 1/3 ΔBpp), partially overmodulated (Amod ~ 1/3 ΔBpp) and fully overmodulated (Amod > > 1/3 ΔBpp) projections. The advantages of an applied overmodulation condition were demonstrated in the study performed on a phantom containing four shapes of 1.25 mM water solution of 2, 2, 6, 6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl. It was shown that even when the overmodulated reference spectrum was used in the deconvolution procedure, as well as the projection itself, the phantom shapes reconstructed as images directly correspond to those obtained in undermodulation conditions. It was shown that the best SNR of the reconstructed images is expected for the modulation amplitude close to 1/3 of the projection linewidth, which is defined as the distance from the first maximum to the last minimum of the gradient‐broadened spectrum. For higher modulation amplitude, the SNR of the reconstructed image is decreased, even if the SNR of the measured projection is increased. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gradient echo single scan inversion recovery: application to proton and fluorine relaxation studies
Authors: Pavuluri KowsalyaDevi , Ramanathan K. V.
Published: September 2015

Single scan longitudinal relaxation measurement experiments enable rapid estimation of the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1) as the time series of spin relaxation is encoded spatially in the sample at different slices resulting in an order of magnitude saving in time. We consider here a single scan inversion recovery pulse sequence that incorporates a gradient echo sequence. The proposed pulse sequence provides spectra with significantly enhanced signal to noise ratio leading to an accurate estimation of T1 values. The method is applicable for measuring a range of T1 values, thus indicating the possibility of routine use of the method for several systems. A comparative study of different single scan methods currently available is presented, and the advantage of the proposed sequence is highlighted. The possibility of the use of the method for the study of cross‐correlation effects for the case of fluorine in a single shot is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inserting a surface into an existing unstructured mesh
Authors: Zaide Daniel W. , Ollivier‐Gooch Carl F.
Published: September 2015

In this work, a new method for inserting a surface as an internal boundary into an existing unstructured tetrahedral mesh is developed. The surface is discretized by initially placing vertices on its bounding curves, defining a length scale at every location on each boundary curve based on the local underlying mesh, and equidistributing length scale along these curves between vertices. The surface is then sampled based on this boundary discretization, resulting in a surface mesh spaced in a way that is consistent with the initial mesh. The new points are then inserted into the mesh, and local refinement is performed, resulting in a final mesh containing a representation of the surface while preserving mesh quality. The advantage of this algorithm over generating a new mesh from scratch is in allowing for the majority of existing simulation data to be preserved and not have to be interpolated onto the new mesh. This algorithm is demonstrated in two and three dimensions on problems with and without intersections with existing internal boundaries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An inverse diffusion problem with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Ismailov Mansur I. , Oğur Bülent
Published: September 2015

This article considers the inverse problem of identification of a time‐dependent thermal diffusivity together with the temperature in an one‐dimensional heat equation with nonlocal boundary and integral overdetermination conditions when a heat exchange takes place across boundary of the material. The well‐posedness of the problem is studied under some regularity, and consistency conditions on the data of the problem together with the nonnegativity condition on the Fourier coefficients of the initial data and source term. The inverse problem is also studied numerically by using the Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme combined with predictor‐corrector technique. The numerical examples are presented and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 564–590, 2016
Personality Trait Change across Late Childhood to Young Adulthood: Evidence for Nonlinearity and Sex Differences in Change
Authors: Durbin C. Emily , Hicks Brian M. , Blonigen Daniel M. , Johnson Wendy , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt
Published: September 2015

We explored patterns of self–reported personality trait change across late childhood through young adulthood in a sample assessed up to four times on the lower order facets of Positive Emotionality, Negative Emotionality (NEM), and Constraint (CON). Multilevel modelling analyses were used to describe both group– and individual–level change trajectories across this time span. There was evidence for nonlinear age–related change in most traits, and substantial individual differences in change for all traits. Gender differences were detected in the change trajectories for several facets of NEM and CON. Findings add to the literature on personality development by demonstrating robust nonlinear change in several traits across late childhood to young adulthood, as well as deviations from normative patterns of maturation at the earliest ages. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
The making of an embryo in a basal metazoan: Proteomic analysis in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Levitan Shimrit , Sher Noa , Brekhman Vera , Ziv Tamar , Lubzens Esther , Lotan Tamar
Published: September 2015

Cnidarians are widely distributed basal metazoans that play an important role in the marine ecosystem. Their genetic diversity and dispersal depends on successful oogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis. To understand the processes that lead to successful embryogenesis in these basal organisms, we conducted comparative proteomics on the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We examined four developmental stages from oocyte maturation through early embryogenesis, as well as the oocyte jelly sac in which fertilization and embryogenesis take place. Our analysis revealed 37 stage‐specifically expressed proteins, including cell cycle, cellular energy related and DNA replication proteins and transcription regulators. Using in situ hybridization, we show that within the mesenteria, two cell types support successful oocyte development and embryogenesis. Large somatic supporting cells synthesize vitellogenin, the most abundant egg yolk protein within the oocyte, whereas mesenteria gland cells synthesize mucin 5B, which was found to be the main component of the jelly sac. These findings shed light on the sexual reproduction program in cnidarians and suggest a high conservation with proteins governing oogenesis in Bilateria.
CSB investigation of Chevron Richmond refinery pipe rupture and fire
Authors: Grim Lauren , Tillema Dan , Cutchen Steve , Wingard Mark , Johnson Amanda
Published: September 2015

The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) investigated a pipe rupture of a high temperature light gas oil line at the Chevron Richmond Refinery in Richmond, CA. The CSB found technical, regulatory, and Chevron organizational factors causal to the incident. This article is a summary of the technical and organizational analysis presented in the CSB final investigation report on the Chevron Richmond Refinery incident. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 355–359, 2015
Bayesian dose–response analysis for epidemiological studies with complex uncertainty in dose estimation
Authors: Kwon Deukwoo , Hoffman F. Owen , Moroz Brian E. , Simon Steven L.
Published: September 2015

Most conventional risk analysis methods rely on a single best estimate of exposure per person, which does not allow for adjustment for exposure‐related uncertainty. Here, we propose a Bayesian model averaging method to properly quantify the relationship between radiation dose and disease outcomes by accounting for shared and unshared uncertainty in estimated dose. Our Bayesian risk analysis method utilizes multiple realizations of sets (vectors) of doses generated by a two‐dimensional Monte Carlo simulation method that properly separates shared and unshared errors in dose estimation. The exposure model used in this work is taken from a study of the risk of thyroid nodules among a cohort of 2376 subjects who were exposed to fallout from nuclear testing in Kazakhstan. We assessed the performance of our method through an extensive series of simulations and comparisons against conventional regression risk analysis methods. When the estimated doses contain relatively small amounts of uncertainty, the Bayesian method using multiple a priori plausible draws of dose vectors gave similar results to the conventional regression‐based methods of dose–response analysis. However, when large and complex mixtures of shared and unshared uncertainties are present, the Bayesian method using multiple dose vectors had significantly lower relative bias than conventional regression‐based risk analysis methods and better coverage, that is, a markedly increased capability to include the true risk coefficient within the 95% credible interval of the Bayesian‐based risk estimate. An evaluation of the dose–response using our method is presented for an epidemiological study of thyroid disease following radiation exposure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Better prediction by use of co‐data: adaptive group‐regularized ridge regression
Authors: van de Wiel Mark A. , Lien Tonje G. , Verlaat Wina , van Wieringen Wessel N. , Wilting Saskia M.
Published: September 2015

For many high‐dimensional studies, additional information on the variables, like (genomic) annotation or external p‐values, is available. In the context of binary and continuous prediction, we develop a method for adaptive group‐regularized (logistic) ridge regression, which makes structural use of such ‘co‐data’. Here, ‘groups’ refer to a partition of the variables according to the co‐data. We derive empirical Bayes estimates of group‐specific penalties, which possess several nice properties: (i) They are analytical. (ii) They adapt to the informativeness of the co‐data for the data at hand. (iii) Only one global penalty parameter requires tuning by cross‐validation. In addition, the method allows use of multiple types of co‐data at little extra computational effort. We show that the group‐specific penalties may lead to a larger distinction between ‘near‐zero’ and relatively large regression parameters, which facilitates post hoc variable selection. The method, termed GRridge, is implemented in an easy‐to‐use R‐package. It is demonstrated on two cancer genomics studies, which both concern the discrimination of precancerous cervical lesions from normal cervix tissues using methylation microarray data. For both examples, GRridge clearly improves the predictive performances of ordinary logistic ridge regression and the group lasso. In addition, we show that for the second study, the relatively good predictive performance is maintained when selecting only 42 variables. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bella Sky Hotel – exploring the potential in precast concrete design
Authors: Flindt Jørgensen Kåre
Published: September 2015

The Bella Sky Hotel comprises two towers both leaning at an angle of 15 degrees. This inclination introduces enormous forces throughout the building which posed huge challenges for the design. Moreover, the building is made of precast concrete elements, which led to further major design hurdles. A full 3D linear elastic FE (finite element) model modified to approximate non‐linear support conditions was used for the design of the hotel. Detailed design was carried out using specific post‐design programs. These programs were developed for handling the design of lintels, in‐plane forces, stability, horizontal joints, vertical joints and joint reinforcement. The large forces in the building require a substantial amount of reinforcement and thus several complex geometric design solutions. For Rambøll the design has been the start of a new era for building design employing in situ and precast concrete.
Patients’ Attitudes Towards Disclosure of Genetic Test Results to Family Members: The Impact of Patients’ Sociodemographic Background and Counseling Experience
Authors: Gilbar Roy , Shalev Stavit , Spiegel Ronen , Pras Elon , Berkenstadt Michal , Sagi Michal , Ben‐Yehuda Adi , Mor Pnina , Perry Shlomit , Zaccai Tzipora Falik , Borochowitz Zvi , Barnoy Sivia
Published: September 2015

Many factors predict the intention to disclose genetic information to relatives. The article examines the impact of patients’ socio‐demographic factors on their intention to disclose genetic testing results to their relatives. Data were collected in eight genetic clinics in Israel. Patients were requested to fill in a questionnaire after counseling. A convenience sample of 564 participants who visited these clinics was collected for a response rate of 85 %. Of them, 282 participants came for susceptibility testing for hereditary cancers (cancer group), and 282 for genetic screening tests (prenatal group). In the cancer group, being secular and having more years of education correlated positively with the intention to disclose test results to relatives. In the prenatal group, being married and female correlated positively with the intention to disclose. In the cancer group, being religious and with less years of education correlated positively with the view that the clinician should deliver the results to the family. In the prenatal group, being male and unmarried correlated positively with this belief. In both groups, being of young age correlated with the perception that genetic information is private. Varied sociodemographic factors affect the intention to inform family members. Thus, knowing the social background of patients will shed light on people's attitudes to genetic information and will help clinicians provide effective counseling in discussions with patients about the implications of test results for relatives.
Long‐term dynamics of small fragmented forests inferred from patterns along a gradient of fragment sizes
Authors: Tomimatsu Hiroshi , Yamagishi Hiroki , Suzuki Satoshi N. , Sato Chihiro , Konno Yasuo
Published: September 2015

Although forest fragmentation has wide‐ranging effects on remnant biota and ecosystem functions, the long‐term dynamics of fragmented forests is poorly understood. In 2011, we resurveyed eight fragments (0.3–8.5 ha) of a Japanese temperate deciduous forest, which was fragmented anthropogenically in the 1940s and 1950s and initially surveyed in 1999, to infer the long‐term dynamics of these forest fragments. We compared tree size distributions, aboveground biomass, and community composition over the 12‐year period between surveys. We also reconstructed the disturbance history using a dendroecological analysis of tree‐ring series. Smaller fragments had a lower density of large trees in 1999, and small‐scale disturbance events were estimated to be relatively frequent around the same time that the forest was fragmented. These results were consistent with the expectation that tree mortality would increase following fragmentation. While elevated tree mortality in the small fragments suggests a greater loss of biomass density compared with larger fragments, the aboveground biomass recovered more rapidly in the smaller fragments over the 12‐year census interval. However, some small fragments showed extraordinary rates of biomass increases, suggesting that they were not simply the result of a recovery from the fragmentation event, but also reflected recoveries from more recent disturbances. As a result, although the species composition of the smaller fragments approached that of the larger fragments over time, the density of large trees was still lower in the smaller fragments in 2011. Our results emphasize the need to consider such complex forest dynamics when predicting functional consequences of fragmentation.
Synthesis and Solution Properties of Carbohydrate‐Modified Polysiloxane Bola Surfactants
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Wang Hanghang , Chen Yanhong , Wang Liang
Published: September 2015

Three carbohydrate‐modified polysiloxane bola surfactants (ATPS‐GA) were synthesized using a two‐step method. Their chemical structures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Their surface properties and aggregation properties in aqueous solution were determined using surface tension measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface tension measurement results indicated that the three bola surfactants are under 25 mN m−1, and much lower than those of conventional hydrocarbon bola surfactants due to the siloxane moiety at the end of the hydrophobic chains. TEM analysis results indicated that the ATPS‐GA can self‐assemble into spherical micelles with a wide range of average diameters from 100 nm to above 600 nm.
The Long-Term Health Implications of Marital Disruption: Divorce, Work Limits, and Social Security Disability Benefits Among Men
Authors: Couch Kenneth A. , Tamborini Christopher R. , Reznik Gayle L.
Published: September 2015

We provide new evidence on the long-term impact of divorce on work disability among U.S. men. Using data from the 2004 Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to U.S. Social Security Administration records, we assess the relationship between divorce and subsequent self-reports of work limitations and the receipt of federal disability benefits. The examination of self-reports and administrative records of medically qualified benefits provides dual confirmation of key relationships. We compare men who experienced a marital dissolution between 1975 and 1984 with continuously married men for 20 years following divorce using fixed-effects and propensity score matching models, and choose a sample to help control for selection into divorce. On average, we find that divorce is not associated with an increased probability of self-reported work limitations or receipt of disability benefits over the long run. However, among those who do not remarry, we do find that divorce increases men’s long-term probability of both self-reported work limitations and federal disability benefit receipt. Lack of marital resources may drive this relationship. Alternative estimates that do not control for selection into divorce demonstrate that selection bias can substantially alter findings regarding the relationship between marital status changes and subsequent health.
Spectral structure of transfer operators for expanding circle maps
Authors: Just Wolfram , Slipantschuk Julia , Bandtlow Oscar F.
Published: September 2015

We explicitly determine the spectrum of transfer operators (acting on spaces of holomorphic functions) associated to analytic expanding circle maps arising from finite Blaschke products. This is achieved by deriving a convenient natural representation of the respective adjoint operators.