bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inversion polymorphism in populations of Drosophila subobscura from urban and non-urban environments
Authors: Kenig B. , Jelic M. , Kurbalija Zorana , Stamenkovic-Radak Marina , Andjelkovic M.
Published: August 2010

Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the urban area of Belgrade and from the locality, Deliblato, which is not under strong anthropogenic influence, were studied with the aim to characterize and compare their genetic structure by examining chromosomal inversion polymorphism. Additional analysis and comparison of this type of polymorphism with several other populations from different habitats in the central Balkans, was done. The obtained results indicate higher heterozygosity in the population from Belgrade. Despite being ecologically marginal and under strong and complex influences, this population did not show a decline in the number of inversions and it is not highly differentiated compared to the referent populations. .
Screening of antagonistic activity of microorganisms against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Zivkovic Svetlana , Stojanovic S. , Ivanovic Z. , Gavrilovic V. , Popovic Tatjana , Balaz Jelica
Published: August 2010

The antagonistic activities of five biocontrol agents: Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium roseum, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces noursei and Streptomyces natalensis, were tested in vitro against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agents of anthracnose disease in fruit crops. The microbial antagonists inhibited mycelial growth in the dual culture assay and conidial germination of Colletotrichum isolates. The two Streptomyces species exhibited the strongest antagonism against isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. Microscopic examination showed that the most common mode of action was antibiosis. The results of this study identify T. harzianum, G. roseum, B. subtilis, S. natalensis and S. noursei as promising biological control agents for further testing against anthracnose disease in fruits. .
Antimicrobial activity of some Iranian medicinal plants
Authors: Ghasemi Pirbalouti , Jahanbazi Parvin , Enteshari Shekoofeh , Malekpoor Fatemeh , Hamedi Behzad
Published: August 2010

The major aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of eight plant species which are endemic in Iran. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts of eight Iranian traditional plants, including Hypericum scabrum, Myrtus communis, Pistachia atlantica, Arnebia euchroma, Salvia hydrangea, Satureja bachtiarica, Thymus daenensis and Kelussia odoratissima, were investigated against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans by agar disc diffusion and serial dilution assays. Most of the extracts showed a relatively high antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi. Of the plants studied, the most active extracts were those obtained from the essential oils of M. communis and T. daenensis. The MIC values for active extract and essential oil ranged between 0.039 and 10 mg/ml. It can be said that the extract and essential oil of some medicinal plants could be used as natural antimicrobial agents in food preservation. .
Chemical composition, free-radical-scavenging and insecticidal activities of the aerial parts of Stachys byzantina
Authors: Asnaashari S. , Delazar A. , Alipour Seyed , Nahar L. , Williams Angela , Pasdaran A. , Mojarab M. , Azad Fathi , Sarker S.D.
Published: August 2010

Stachys byzantina K. Koch. is an Iranian endemic species of the genus Stachys L., which comprises about 300 species, and is one of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae. A combination of solid phase extraction (SPE) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of S. byzantina afforded three phenylethanoids, 2'-O-arabinosyl verbascoside (1), verbascoside (2), aeschynanthoside C (3) and three flavones apigenin 7-O-glucoside (4), apigenin 7-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside (5) and apigenin (6). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Free-radical-scavenging and insecticidal properties of the crude extracts, the fractions and the isolated compounds were assessed. .
An assessment of the genetic diversity in the wild boar population from the Podunavlje-Podravlje hunting area
Authors: Velickovic Nevena , Djan Mihajla , Zoric M. , Obreht Dragana , Gagrcin M. , Vapa Ljiljana
Published: August 2010

nema
Creative potential of primary school students in written expression
Authors: Sevkusic Slavica , Maksic Slavica
Published: August 2010

The essays of primary school students were studied as a potential source of data about their creative capacities in the field of writing and, more extensively, in the domain of linguistic expression. Sixth and seventh grade students (N=142) wrote an essay the creativity of which was evaluated by three teachers. Based on teachers' evaluations, two extreme groups were formed, which were then mutually compared: the students who wrote creative stories (N=17) and those who did not (N=19). A mixed method approach was applied in analyzing the data about students and their essays. The quantitative research results indicate that the authors of creative stories are characterized by a considerably higher creative potential as measured by the Word Production Test and Urban-Jellen Drawing Test (TCT-DP), a better school achievement and greater knowledge in Serbian language, a wider range of interests and a more pronounced interest in language and humanities. Analysis of narratives of the two groups of stories reveals important differences between the creative and noncreative group in the format, themes and components of creative written expression. The following are perceived in the papers assessed as creative: good composition, existence of a title, a guiding idea, originality, emotional expressiveness and ethical dimension. In the concluding part the authors discuss the advantages of combining the quantitative and qualitative procedures in studying the creative potential in school context.
Life priorities of underachievers in secondary school
Authors: Gutvajn Nikoleta
Published: August 2010

There is a predominant belief in literature and school practice that high school achievement is an important precondition for optimal professional development and success in life, as well as that school failure is a problem that should be dealt with preventively. The goal of this paper is to shed light on the problem of school underachievement from the perspective of students who are positioned as underachievers in educational discourse. The following questions are especially important: whether underachievers recognize the importance of high school achievement for success in life, as well as which constructs are the core and which the peripheral ones in their construct system. Research participants were 60 students from the third grade of secondary school who failed three or more subjects during the school year or at the end of classification periods. Interview and Implications Grid were applied in the research. The results indicate that the most important life priorities of students are the following: acceptance by friends, school completion, school success, love and happiness. It was established that the construct acceptance by friends as opposed to rejection by friends is the core construct for success in life in the construct system of underachievers. The paper points out to the importance of appreciation of personal meanings of school achievement and initiation of dialogue between teachers and students in preventing and overcoming school underachievement.
Some peculiarities of Italian language instruction at primary school age
Authors: Djorovic Danijela , Lalic-Vucetic Natasa
Published: August 2010

Instruction of Italian language at primary school level has not been studied more comprehensively in our expert and scientific literature so far, since Italian has been studied as a compulsory foreign language in Serbian schools since the school year 2001/2002. This paper discusses some peculiarities of learning and teaching a foreign language, with emphasis on the socio-cultural aspect and functional usage of the language as the primary task of instruction. The paper presents the results of one part of a larger empirical research that studies the attitude of primary school students towards learning Italian as a foreign language. The goal of the research refers to identifying the competences that students acquire by learning this language and the possibility of applying the linguistic knowledge and skills in real-life situations of students' interaction with the members of other culture, as well as identifying learning difficulties. The sample comprised 185 fifth grade students and 110 seventh grade students from three primary schools where the Italian language has been studied the longest. Research findings indicate that there is an initial positive attitude towards learning Italian and the sensitivity for extralinguistic and cultural elements of instruction of foreign language. Students pointed out to the need for a more active participation in instruction and selection of teaching contents, for more modern approaches to learning, and for a larger degree of applicability of linguistic knowledge and skills in real-life situations.
The Galactocele of Male Infants: An Intriguing Entity. Study and Reflection about a Case, with Review of the Literature
Authors: de Chadarevian Jean-Pierre , Arthur L. Grier , Rezvani Geoffrey A. , Duke Duane S. , Davis Wellington J. , Faerber Eric N.
Published: August 2010

In this report, the authors investigate and discuss a galactocele that developed in the breast of a 5-month-old male. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical findings, they suggest that the rare and intriguing process that is exclusively observed in males in the absence of any detectable hormonal stimulation at time of investigation could represent a developmental anomaly possibly promoted by an obstructive phenomenon involving a defect of hollowing of some primary epidermal buds, the precursors of the mammary ducts.
How Important is Placental Examination in Cases of Perinatal Deaths?
Authors: Tellefsen Camilla Helene , Vogt Christina
Published: August 2010

Research on stillbirths and placental pathology has traditionally been given low priority, causing a lack of understanding of the mechanisms leading to death. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge on how many perinatal deaths relate to morphologic changes in the placenta, and what role the placenta plays in the pathogenesis of intrauterine, intrapartum, and neonatal deaths. The autopsy reports from 104 consecutive perinatal deaths in a 5-year period (2004–2008) were reviewed. Intrauterine, intrapartum, and neonatal deaths ranging from gestational age of 22 weeks up to 7 days postpartum were included. The following three questions were considered: Could placental examination (with autopsy) explain fetal/infant death; could the cause of death be explained by placental examination alone; and could the cause of death be explained with autopsy alone? The distribution of pathologic findings in the placenta was registered. The placenta had changes that could explain fetal/infant death in 69.2% of the cases. The cause of death could be explained by placental examination alone, without autopsy, in 48.1% of the cases. Only 16.3% of the deaths could be explained by autopsy alone. The most frequently observed diagnoses were infection (22.1%), degenerative changes (13.5%), and abruptio placentae (12.5%). To conclude, our study shows that placental examination in addition to autopsy is necessary in investigating the causes of perinatal deaths. Further research, including maternal and environmental factors, is needed to clarify the underlying causes of placental malfunction.
Evaluation of isoeugenol for anesthesia in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Gladden Juliet N. , Brainard Ben M. , Shelton James L. , Camus Alvin C. , Divers Stephen J.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate isoeugenol as an anesthetic agent in koi carp.

Animals—216 juvenile koi carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Procedures—Fish were randomly allocated to 9 groups of 24, and each group was randomly exposed to isoeugenol concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 mg/L. General activity, excitement, fin and gill color changes, opercular movement rate, loss of equilibrium, muscle tone, jaw tone, and handleability were assessed. Five fish from the control (0 mg/L), 200 mg/L, and 500 mg/L groups were randomly selected prior to anesthetic recovery and again 24 hours after recovery for euthanasia, gross necropsy, and histologic assessment of gills, internal viscera, and skeletal muscles.

Results—Mean ± SD interval to achieve stage 2 anesthesia with isoeugenol ranged from 22.4 ± 6.2 minutes at 20 mg/L to 0.25 ± 0.4 minutes at 500 mg/L, whereas the mean interval to stage 3 anesthesia ranged from 28.1 ± 3.9 minutes at 20 mg/L to 0.33 ± 0.48 minutes at 500 mg/L. With the exception of the 500 mg/L group, opercular movements were maintained throughout. Death was observed only in the 500 mg/L group, in which 50% of the fish either failed to recover or died within 24 hours after anesthetic exposure. There were no pathological differences between fish exposed to isoeugenol at 0 or 500 mg/L.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Isoeugenol appeared to have a wide margin of safety with predictable dose-related effects. Concentrations of 40 to 80 mg/L induced anesthesia within 4 to 11 minutes and were considerably less than the concentration associated with fish death.
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on anesthesia-induced atelectasis and gas exchange in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep
Authors: Staffieri Francesco , Driessen Bernd , Monte Valentina De , Grasso Salvatore , Crovace Antonio
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate the effects of 10 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on lung aeration and gas exchange in mechanically ventilated sheep during general anesthesia induced and maintained with propofol.

Animals—10 healthy adult Bergamasca sheep.

Procedures—Sheep were sedated with diazepam (0.4 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (5 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with propofol via constant rate infusion (0.4 mg/kg/min). Muscular paralysis was induced by administration of vecuronium (25 μg/kg, bolus IV) to facilitate mechanical ventilation. After intubation, sheep were positioned in right lateral recumbency and mechanically ventilated with pure oxygen and zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP). After 60 minutes, 10 cm H2O of PEEP was applied for 20 minutes. Spiral computed tomography of the thorax was performed, and data were recorded for hemodynamic and gas exchange variables and indicators of respiratory mechanics after 15 (T15), 30 (T30), and 60 (T60) minutes of ZEEP and after 20 minutes of PEEP (TPEEP). Computed tomography images were analyzed to determine the extent of atelectasis before and after PEEP application.

Results—At TPEEP, the volume of poorly aerated and atelectatic compartments was significantly smaller than at T15, T30, and T60, which indicated that there was PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment and clearance of anesthesia-induced atelectasis. Arterial oxygenation and static respiratory system compliance were significantly improved by use of PEEP.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pulmonary atelectasis can develop in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep breathing pure oxygen; application of 10 cm H2O of PEEP significantly improved lung aeration and gas exchange.
Assessment of the relationship between body weight and gastrointestinal transit times measured by use of a wireless motility capsule system in dogs
Authors: Boillat Carol S. , Gaschen Frédéric P. , Hosgood Giselle L.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To assess the relationship between body weight and gastrointestinal transit times measured by use of a wireless motility capsule (WMC) system in healthy dogs.

Animals—31 healthy adult dogs that weighed between 19.6 and 81.2 kg.

Procedures—Food was withheld overnight. The following morning, a WMC was orally administered to each dog, and each dog was then fed a test meal that provided a fourth of the daily energy requirements. A vest was fitted on each dog to hold a receiver that collected and stored data from the WMC. Measurements were obtained with each dog in its home environment. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between body weight and gastrointestinal transit times.

Results—Gastric emptying time (GET) ranged from 405 to 897 minutes, small bowel transit time (SBTT) ranged from 96 to 224 minutes, large bowel transit time (LBTT) ranged from 427 to 2,573 minutes, and total transit time (TTT) ranged from 1,294 to 3,443 minutes. There was no positive relationship between body weight and gastrointestinal transit times. A nonlinear inverse relationship between body weight and GET and between body weight and SBTT best fit the data. The LBTT could not be explained by this model and likely influenced the poor fit for the TTT.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A positive relationship did not exist between body weight and gastrointestinal transit times. Dogs with the lowest body weight of the cohort appeared to have longer gastric and small intestinal transit times than did large- and giant-breed dogs.
Use of serum biomarkers to predict the development and severity of osteochondrosis lesions in the distal portion of the femur in pigs
Authors: Frantz Nolan. Z. , Friesen Kim G. , Andrews Gordon A. , Tokach Michael D. , Yamka Ryan M. , Loughin Tom L. , Nelssen Jim L. , Dritz Steve S.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate the use of serum biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism to predict the occurrence and severity of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions in the distal portion of the femur in growing swine.

Animals—71 gilts.

Procedures—At an abattoir, serum samples for analysis of 10 biomarkers indicative of cartilage and bone metabolism were obtained prior to processing of the pigs. The distal portion of each pig's left femur was directly examined and cut into longitudinal sections to evaluate the number and severity of abnormalities on the external surface, articular cartilage, and growth plate. Each specimen was categorized as with (n = 56) or without (15) OC, and an overall OC severity score was assigned to affected pigs. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to predict odds of OC on the basis of biomarker concentrations and predict the severity of OC values in affected pigs, respectively.

Results—Compared with values in unaffected pigs, serum concentrations of C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were significantly increased and concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen 3/4-length fragment (C2C) and pyridinoline cross-links were significantly decreased in affected pigs. A 2-fold increase in CPII concentration increased the odds of pigs having OC by a factor of 97 (95% confidence interval, 6 to infinity). Changes in serum C2C concentration accounted for 49% of the variation in overall OC severity score.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Assessment of serum biomarker concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of OC and aid in reduction of lameness in swine herds.
Effects of acute dilutional hyponatremia on acid-base changes and electrolyte concentrations in rats with bilateral renal pedicle ligation
Authors: Hopper Kate , Haskins Steve C.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To describe the effects of increasing the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by approximately 20% on acid-base changes and electrolyte concentrations in anesthetized rats.

Animals—18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Procedures—Rats were assigned to a control group (n = 6 rats) and a treatment group (12). All rats were anesthetized, and instrumentation and bilateral renal pedicle ligation were performed. The treatment group was infused IV with sterile water throughout a 30-minute period. Acid-base variables and concentrations of electrolytes, lactate, albumin, phosphorus, and hemoglobin were measured before (baseline) and 30 and 60 minutes after onset of infusion. Anion gap, strong ion difference, strong ion gap, and contributions of sodium, chloride, albumin, phosphorus, and lactate concentrations to base excess were calculated at each time point.

Results—Infusion of sterile water led to an increase in ECF volume of approximately 18%. This had no effect on acid-base balance, compared with that in control rats. Infusion of sterile water caused a significant decrease in sodium, chloride, ionized calcium, lactate, and albumin concentrations, compared with concentrations in the control group. Anion gap and calculated effects of sodium, chloride, albumin, and lactate concentrations on base excess at 60 minutes differed significantly between infused and control rats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infusion of sterile water did not cause clinically relevant dilutional acidosis. The acidotic impact of water administration was offset by generation of new bicarbonate via carbonic acid equilibration and intracellular buffering in combination with the alkalotic effects of decreases in albumin, phosphorus, and lactate concentrations.
Measurement of urinary cauxin in geriatric cats with variable plasma creatinine concentrations and proteinuria and evaluation of urine cauxin-to-creatinine concentration ratio as a predictor of developing azotemia
Authors: Jepson Rosanne E. , Syme Harriet M. , Markwell Peter , Miyazaki Masao , Yamashita Tetsuro , Elliott Jonathan
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate urine cauxin immunoreactivity in geriatric cats with variable plasma creatinine concentrations and proteinuria and to assess urinary cauxin-to-creatinine concentration ratio (UC/C) as a predictor of developing azotemia.

Animals—188 client-owned geriatric (≥ 9 years of age) cats.

Procedures—A direct immunoassay was developed and validated for the quantification of urinary cauxin relative to a standard curve generated from a urine sample with high cauxin immunoreactivity. Relationships among UC/C, plasma creatinine concentration, and proteinuria were assessed. Nonazotemic cats were recruited and followed for 12 months. Urinary cauxin-to-creatinine concentration ratio was evaluated as a predictor of development of azotemia in these cats.

Results—No relationship was evident between UC/C and plasma creatinine concentration. A weak positive correlation was identified between UC/C and urine protein-to-creatinine concentration ratio (r = 0.212). At entry to the longitudinal study, those cats that later developed azotemia had a UC/C that was significantly higher than in those remaining nonazotemic after 12 months.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The UC/C did not vary with severity of azotemia but appeared contributory to the feline urinary proteome. High UC/C values were predictive of the geriatric cats in our study developing azotemia. However, it seems unlikely that UC/C will provide additional information about the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine concentration ratio as a biomarker for the development of azotemia in cats.
Exploring speech–language pathologists’ perspectives about living successfully with aphasia
Authors: Brown Kyla , Worrall Linda , Davidson Bronwyn , Howe Tami
Published: August 2010

Background: Exploring the concept of living successfully with aphasia challenges researchers and clinicians to identify positive rather than negative adaptive processes and factors that may inform clinical interventions and other community‐based services for people with aphasia. Previous research on this topic has focused on the perspectives of individuals with aphasia, and identified a number of core components of living successfully with aphasia, including doing things, meaningful relationships, striving for a positive way of living, and communication. As service providers, speech–language pathologists may also contribute valuable insights regarding components of living successfully with aphasia and factors influencing individuals’ abilities to achieve this goal.

Aims: This research aimed to explore speech–language pathologists’ perspectives about the meaning of living successfully with aphasia, and factors they perceive to influence individuals’ abilities to live successfully with aphasia.

Methods & Procedures: Twenty‐five speech–language pathologists from around Australia participated in semi‐structured in‐depth interviews on the topic of living successfully with aphasia. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify themes of relevance.

Outcomes & Results: Through the analysis of speech–language pathologist participant transcripts, the following themes emerged as components of living successfully with aphasia: participation and community engagement; communication; meaningful relationships; autonomy or independence; acceptance and embracement of aphasia; self‐esteem; happiness; and purpose or meaningfulness. A wide variety of factors were perceived to influence individuals’ abilities to live successfully with aphasia. These included support, acceptance, and understanding; personal factors; and speech–language pathology services.

Conclusions & Implications: Further research is required to extend findings by investigating how speech–language pathologists address identified themes in clinical practice. To improve service provision, continued reflection by speech–language pathologists on how services provided align with client's values and priorities is a necessity. A commitment by speech–language pathologists to work in partnership with people with aphasia and their families and friends to achieve successful living with aphasia is one way to translate this research into practice.
Definitions versus categorization: assessing the development of lexico‐semantic knowledge in Williams syndrome
Authors: Purser Harry R. M. , Thomas Michael S. C. , Snoxall Sarah , Mareschal Denis , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette
Published: August 2010

Background: Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with relatively strong language abilities despite mild to moderate intellectual disability, particularly when language is indexed by vocabulary.

Aims: The aim of the study was twofold: (1) to investigate whether reported lexical anomalies in WS can be explained with reference to anomalous semantic development; and (2) to assess whether receptive vocabulary skills in WS, a relative strength, are underpinned by commensurate semantic knowledge.

Methods & Procedures: The development of lexical–semantic knowledge was investigated in 45 typically developing individuals (chronological age range = 5–10 years, mental age range = 5–13 years) and 15 individuals with WS (chronological age range = 12–50 years, mental age range = 4–17 years) by means of (1) a categorization task and (2) a definitions task, which was expected to make additional metacognitive demands.

Outcomes & Results: At younger ages, the performance level of typically developing individuals and individuals with WS did not differ on the definitions task. However, the WS group's ability to define words fell away from the level predicted by the typically developing group at older ages, as more sophisticated definitions were expected. The results of the categorization task indicated that individuals with WS had less lexical–semantic knowledge than expected given their level of receptive vocabulary, although from this lower level the knowledge then developed at a similar rate to that found in typical development.

Conclusions & Implications: It is concluded, first, that conventional vocabulary measures may overestimate lexical–semantic knowledge in WS; and, second, concerns about the metacognitive demands of the definitions task when used with atypical populations may be well founded.
Literacy skills in primary school‐aged children with pragmatic language impairment: a comparison with children with specific language impairment
Authors: Freed Jenny , Adams Catherine , Lockton Elaine
Published: August 2010

Background: Children with pragmatic language impairment (CwPLI) are characterized by difficulties with the interpersonal use of language in social contexts and they possess a range of language difficulties that affect their educational attainment. Since literacy skills are central to this attainment, one way of identifying appropriate support needs for CwPLI would be to profile their reading and writing skills as a group.

Aims: To investigate the word reading, non‐word reading, reading comprehension, and written expression skills of CwPLI and a comparison group of children with specific language impairment (CwSLI). CwSLI were recruited in order to examine any overlaps in literacy impairments for the two groups.

Methods & Procedures: Primary school‐aged CwPLI (n= 59) and CwSLI (n= 12) were recruited from speech and language therapists. Children completed standardized assessments of literacy skills. The level of impairment for each component literacy skill was examined for CwPLI and CwSLI.

Outcomes & Results: For the CwPLI, group mean scores on each of the literacy skills were at the lower end of the normal range compared with population norms. The range of individual scores was large, with some children scoring near floor level and others scoring up to 2 SDs (standard deviations) above the mean, illustrating the heterogeneity of literacy skills within the group. For the CwSLI, group mean scores on each of the literacy skills were between 1 SD and 2 SDs below the population mean. CwSLI were significantly more impaired on all of the literacy measures compared with CwPLI. This difference remained even when receptive language ability and non‐verbal intelligence were controlled for.

Conclusions & Implications: The results demonstrate that there is a high level of literacy impairment within CwPLI and CwSLI, providing evidence that individualized literacy skill intervention is important for the long‐term academic outcome of these children.
AAP/PSP Annual Conference 2003: Keynote Address
Authors: Pesce William
Published: August 2010

The keynote speech by William J. Pesce, President and CEO of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., delivered to the AAP's (Association of American Publishers') Professional and Scholarly Publishers (PSP) Annual Conference in Washington, D.C., on 4 February 2003.
What Good is Copyright?
Authors: Givler Peter
Published: August 2010

From a talk given by Peter Givler on 3 February 2003 at the opening session of the Annual Meeting of the Professional and Scholarly Publishing (PSP) division of the Association of American Publishers (AAP), in Washington, D.C.
In Others' Words
Authors: Bell Hazel
Published: August 2010

Hazel Bell considers how necessary it may be for writers to give the origin of quotations they use, with regard to the likelihood of readers' recognizing them. Apart from the legal and moral rights of authors to acknowledgement, she discusses the pleasure that may be derived from discovering the source for oneself.
Diary of a Dissertation Writer: Journals as a Map to a Discipline
Authors: Der Meer Carolyne
Published: August 2010

Scholarly publishing is rarely examined as a global contributor to a field of research. But its value as a map to the evolution of a discipline can be inestimable. The output of journals can be the key to understanding shifts in perspective and, in the case described in the following essay, may ultimately provide an overview of an instance in the development of Canadian literature.
A Tale of Two Journals
Authors: Henige David
Published: August 2010

Two models of pricing of historical journals are discussed, one thirty times as expensive as the other. This tale asks why this should be, and why librarians are willing to let it continue.
Learning to Work Together: The Libraries and the University Press at Penn State
Authors: Eaton Nancy , MacEwan Bonnie , Potter Peter
Published: August 2010

Everyone agrees that university libraries and university presses have a shared stake in the future of scholarly communication. Yet often libraries and presses do not see eye to eye on issues. Also, each has its own professional discourse, which sometimes makes dialogue a challenge. In this article, two librarians and a university press editor discuss how they gradually built a partnership and where that relationship may be headed.
The Defendant is Charged with Good Editing
Authors: Givler Peter
Published: August 2010

The following article was originally published in The Chronicle Review on 21 May 2004. Peter Givler surveys the legislative history of Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) regulations that seek to exert licensing authority over the publication of work from countries under embargo. The author - and the publishing community - rejects such authority, citing evidence of Congressional intent to free First Amendment materials from such regulation and arguing that such bars to a free press are harmful to national interests.
Hippo Meets Dissertator on Forked Path in Academic Jungle
Authors: Joshi Sam
Published: August 2010

The hippopotamus walks slowly across the savannah. It looks lost. It is not a very smart hippo. Look - it falls into a ditch, belly up. Hopeful vultures circle overhead. But, annoyingly, the hippo stands up again, recommencing its clueless trek. The hippo is the doctoral dissertation in the humanities. I just wrote one. With any luck, mould in the vault beneath the library will eat it before anyone reads it.
Why Copy Editors Matter
Authors: Hunter Sylvia
Published: August 2010

The work of copy or manuscript editors is an integral step in the journal publishing process. The author, a copy editor at a scholarly press since 1998, examines why copy-editing is vital and speculates on the consequences of eliminating this layer of quality control.
How to Be a Successful Scholar: Publish Efficiently
Authors: Hauptman Robert
Published: August 2010

Workshops on scholarly research, writing, and publishing can be especially useful to the uninitiated because they offer advice that a writer acquires only after years of experience, turmoil, and frustration. The author of this essay offers hints on how to publish in an effective and efficient manner. Although the overview is aimed at neophytes, even sophisticated scholars can learn something here.
The Return of the Armchair Scholar
Authors: Roff Sandra
Published: August 2010

The foundations for the eventual professionalization of social science disciplines can be traced to ‘armchair scholars’ of the nineteenth century. These were amateur researchers who, thanks to financial resources and leisure time, could pursue their academic interests from the comforts of home. In the twenty-first century, with the development of digitization and the numerous online full-text databases, the possibility of researching from home once again exists. The amateur has always played a role in contributing to scholarship, and, with the development of the Internet, the possibilities are limitless for the twenty-first-century ‘armchair scholar.’
Commas, Christians, and Editors
Authors: Henige David
Published: August 2010

Good scholarship depends as much on good editing as on good research. Editors serve as indispensable interpreters by improving consistency, clarity, and accuracy, without which research would fall on thorny ground or, worse, prove to be inadequate. In this essay the author discusses several ways in which editors can transform discourse, sometimes to its disadvantage, and suggests that the importance of the function requires applying the highest possible standards. In the circumstances, it is unfortunate that editing is not always regarded by the academic community as a truly intellectual challenge.
Why Can't Young Scholars Write Their Second Books First?
Authors: Garber Marjorie
Published: August 2010

The following essay was originally published in The Chronicle of Higher Education on 15 October 2004. Arguing that graduate students need to be taught to be the conductor of an idea, the essay asserts that graduate instruction needs serious rethinking by coordinating graduate education not only with the job market but also with the book market. The result may be a radically changed relationship of graduate study to publishing - one in which an academic's second book is really her first.
Population dynamics of mycoflora and incidence of black point disease in wheat grains
Authors: Malaker PK , Mian IH
Published: August 2010

An attempt was made to monitor the prevalence of different fungi associated with floret lemma and developing grains of wheat and to assess the subsequent incidence of black point disease under different exposure periods of the spikes to airborne inocula of the causal fungi. Altogether 16 fungi representing 11 genera were detected from lemma and developing grains. The predominant fungi, in order of prevalence, were A. alternata, B. sorokiniana, C. cladosporioides, C. lunata, Fusarium spp. and E. purpurascens. Other fungi occurring less commonly were A. triticina, C. pallescens, Nigrospora sp., Phoma sp., Chaetomium sp., B. tetramera, B. oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Doratomyces sp. The incidence of all the fungi except Fusarium spp. was higher in lemma than in grains. In lemma, A. alternata occurred with the highest frequency, while the incidence of B. sorokiniana was found highest in grains. The population of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana, C. lunata, E. purpurascens and Fusarium spp. increased with the age of lemma and developing grains whereas the incidence of C. cladosporioides increased at early stages but declined at later stages of grain development. Other fungi did not follow any definite pattern in their incidence during grain development. The occurrence of black pointed grains per spike, percent black pointed grains and black point index were found increasing with the increase in exposure period of the spikes to airborne inocula of the causal fungi. Keywords: Mycoflora; black point; wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5861Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 1-10, March 2010
Production potential of different varieties of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under intercropping system
Authors: Alom MS , Paul NK , Quayyum MA
Published: August 2010

The experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jessore to evaluate the performance of different varieties of hybrid maize under intercropping systems with groundnut in Rabi seasons for higher productivity and profitability. Four sole crops of hybrid maize varieties viz., BHM-1, BHM-3, Pacific-11, and Pacific-984, one sole crop of groundnut (var. Jhingabadam) and eight intercropping systems of maize + groundnut under two planting methods viz., normal and paired row made 13 treatments, were used for two consecutive years (2004 and 2005). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Among the intercropped treatments, four rows groundnut in between paired rows of hybrid maize var. Pacific 11 showed higher total dry mater (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) than the other planting systems tested in the experiment. Keywords: Production potential; hybrid maize; groundnut; intercropping system. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5866Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 51-64, March 2010
Technical inefficiency of wheat production in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan M Kamrul , Islam SM Fakhrul
Published: August 2010

The main objective of the study was to identify and analyze the inefficiency and yield gaps of wheat production in Bangladesh. The study employed farm level cross sectional data from three major wheat growing areas of Bangladesh. Yield of wheat was found to vary across locations and farm categories. The average technical inefficiency of wheat production in Bangladesh is 16. This indicates a good potential for increasing wheat output by 16 percent with the existing technology and levels of inputs. Education and training on wheat of the farm operators was found to have significant effect on yield and technical efficiency of wheat production. Keywords: Technical inefficiency; wheat production; yield gaps. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5871Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 101-112, March 2010
In vitro regeneration of popular tobacco varieties of Bangladesh from leaf disc
Authors: Rahman MA , Alam MA , Hossain MR , Hossain A , Afroz R
Published: August 2010

Regeneration ability of five Nicotiana varieties viz., Virginia, Jati, Motihari, CC Bengal and Sumatra were investigated via callus induction using leaf discs. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. Callus formation frequency was 67.20%. Among the varieties used, Motihari induced the highest percentage (97.50%) of callus followed by Jati (92.50%) in 2.0 rng/L Kinetin and 2.0 mg/L IAA. Shoots were induced from calli cultured on the same medium. Maximum shoot formation from leaf discs was 82.50% on medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L Kinetin and 2.0 mg/L IAA. It was also revealed from this study that Motihari was the best variety for callus formation and subsequent plantlet regeneration which is a pre-requisite for vector mediated transformation for varietal improvement of Nicotiana species. The rooting response of regenerated shoots was observed by using ½ MS medium with IBA (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L). The highest root formation was found in Motihari (90%) with ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. After that regenerated plantlets with plenty of roots were transferred successfully to pots and subsequently to the field. Keywords: Tobacco; Nicotiana; in vitro regeneration; callus induction; plantlet regeneration; leaf disc; phytohormone. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5873Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 125-134, March 2010
Factor demand in the healthy rice seed use in Boro and T. aman: A case study of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam ASM Nazrul , Islam SM Fakhrul
Published: August 2010

Lack of healthy rice seed is considered as one of the most important constraints to rice production and productivity in Bangladesh. Healthy rice seed production and its use are pre-requisites for accelerate agricultural growth and this can play a leading role in bringing rural prosperity and economic transformation. Therefore, this study analyzes factors demand and elasticity of substitution of healthy rice seed. Data were collected from two different rice growing environments, namely Chuadanga and Gazipur. Primary data from 120 respondents were collected for Boro and T. Aman seasons. Allen Partial Elasticities were estimated for Boro and T.Aman rice for both the study areas. Healthy seed price was highly elastic and the results showed that an increase in the price of healthy seed would decrease its demand. The results showed that if the use of land increased then use of fertilizer, animal + power, seed, irrigation, and human labour would increase. In the T. Aman season, own price elasticities of all the factors had the correct signs. In Gazipur, with one percent increase in price, demand for land, animal power + mechanical power, seed, fertilizer and human labour would fall. The estimates on elasticity of substitution indicated that the best substitutes are land-seed, land-animal power plus mechanical power and land-labour in the Boro season. In the T.Aman season, the best substitutes were found to be land-irrigation in Chuadanga and land-animal power plus mechanical power, land-seed in Gazipur. Keywords: Healthy rice seed; boro; T.aman. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5893Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 297-312, June 2010
Urbanites and Urban Villagers: Comparing ‘Home’ Among Elite and Non-elite Bamiléké Women's Hometown Associations
Authors: Feldman-Savelsberg Pamela , Ndonko Tiokou
Published: August 2010

Most work on the political implications of hometown associations has focused on male elites. This contribution attends instead to the gendered varieties of hometown associations, exploring variations in the bases of shared identity among six Bamiléké women's hometown associations – hailing from Ndé Division, Western Province, and organized in both elite and neighbourhood-based non-elite associations – in Yaoundé, Cameroon. It suggests several ways to reconceptualize hometown associations and belonging. Addressing the situationally specific ways Bamiléké women use and interpret ‘home’, the unit of belonging, it differentiates among actors and associations by gender and status. Viewing the autochthony debate from the perspective ofallogènes, it reveals that the emotions of memory, marginalization and recognition are central to belonging, understandings of home, and involvement in hometown associations. Finally, it suggests that differences in associations’ network structure affect both orientations and actions toward the home place, and at times an ‘ethnicization’ of ‘home’. The non-elite hometown associations exhibit the dense, bounded networks of ‘urban villages’ and strive to bring ‘home’ to the city. Members of elite hometown associations are urbanites, developing social networks consisting of more diverse and specialized ties, which may account for more universalistic discourse about bringing ‘development’ to the hometown.
Primary Patriotism, Shifting Identity: Hometown Associations in Manyu Division, South-West Cameroon
Authors: Evans Martin
Published: August 2010

People's participation in hometown associations reveals a deep sense of belonging to their home place. It has been argued that promotion of this ‘primary patriotism’ by associations is potentially divisive as it may engender parochialism, increase the focus on autochthony, and enhance ethnicization of the political landscape. Contrasting views, however, do not see hometown associations as necessarily inimical to wider social and political cohesion, but as potential sites for civic engagement and citizenship formation at different levels, reflecting the shifting identity that individuals hold. The article explores these issues among the two main tiers of association in Manyu Division, South-West Province, Cameroon. It briefly describes their history and activities, then considers how the identities mobilizing them are constructed in three interlinked ways: geohistorical and genealogical; neotraditional; and national political. It concludes that while these associations occasionally engage in divisive politics in different spheres, analysis needs to balance this against their other activities and relationships. Most hometown associations continue in their original, social role of mutual support among rural–urban migrants, although their expansion into development at home has had more mixed results. Furthermore, concerns about parochialism are often hard to reconcile with the multiple levels of associational life observed.