bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring Energy Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants and Heating Networks by Means of Digital Transformation
Authors: Taranukha N. L. , Ivanova S. S. , Pankov S. N.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the issue of state-of-the-art development of the energy industry enterprises of the Russian Federation with the introduction of innovative digital technologies. The relevance of the research on the chosen problem is due to the transformational processes in the energy industry, that occur under the influence of digital economy introduction and the development of digital technologies. A study of the current situation and features of domestic energy industry has been carried out to identify the main factors of low efficiency that encourage energy companies to digital transformation. One of the key directions of improving the production activities of energy sector enterprises of the Russian Federation for the development of energy efficiency management system due to digitalization processes is considered. Practical examples of the creation, implementation and development of digital technologies at existing thermal power plants and thermal networks aimed at reducing the energy intensity of electric and thermal energy production, the transition from a system of scheduled preventive repairs to repairs according to the actual condition of equipment: digital counterparts of thermal power plants, digital nodes of thermal networks, predictive analytics systems and remote monitoring. The purpose, functionality, principles and models of work, the effects obtained from the introduction of digital systems, promising directions for the development of digital technologies are considered. A comparative analysis was carried out to identify the advantages and disadvantages of foreign and domestic systems of digital doubles and predictive analytics developed under the sanctions of unfriendly countries. The key barriers hindering and constraining the processes of full-scale digital transformation of energy industry enterprises are presented. The necessary conditions and motivating factors of state support of domestic business for the successful implementation and development of digital technologies have been established.
Acquisition Process of a Territorial Development Management System in the Udmurt Republic in Terms of System Analysis
Authors: Simakov N. K. , Grakhov V. P.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the acquisition process of a Territorial Development Management System in the Udmurt Republic, which can be defined as a concept of managing the territory development and urban policy, representing all the actions implemented within the framework of this event as a set of interrelated processes, each of which can also be divided into sub-processes aimed at achieving specific tasks. The complexity of the system makes it difficult to perceive. In this article, the territorial development management system is considered as a process management system, since territorial development implies a set of many processes aimed at achieving the goal. System analysis or its tools, in turn, make it possible to decompose the process of system acquisition into components (stages) that are simpler in terms of complexity. Simplifying the system perception will reduce resources, including time, spent in the process of its development. Thus, the purpose of the scientific work is to present the process of system acquisition for managing territorial development in the Udmurt Republic in terms of system analysis. The paper analyzes the existing problems characteristic of the territorial development process, and also determines the relationship between the development of territories and the urban planning policy pursued by the authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The identified problems are also typical for the Udmurt Republic. The processes that make up the system for managing the territorial development of the region are determined, which made it possible to single out the basic components of such a system: subsystems and elements. In scientific work, the stages of system analysis are defined and expressed in the form of a model that is a reference for system analysis carried out in the development of process control systems. The result of the work is a model (scheme) showing the process of acquisition a Territorial Development Management System in the Udmurt Republic in terms of system analysis. The model reflects the stages of system analysis, adapted in accordance with the purpose of scientific research, indicates their content and implementation method. The use of the obtained scheme in the development of management systems for the territorial development of any region will reduce time costs and increase the manageability of this process.
Hierarchical Structure Objects Information Systems Decision Support Developing Process
Authors: Blagodatsky G. A.
Published: December 2023

Application of methods for designing decision support information systems for hierarchical systems is considered. Determining the interaction parameters of methods for designing decision support information systems for managing hierarchical production and technical systems is an urgent scientific problem, the which solution makes a significant contribution to the development of technologies for designing decision support systems. The process of operation of a decision support system for the analysis of hierarchies using the full graphical interface technology, a functional model of an expert information system for the analysis of hierarchical structures is presented. Hierarchical production and technical systems are complex, which entails great complexity in the development of decision support information systems to manage them. This complexity creates the problem of 'crisis' in the development of such systems for hierarchical production and technical systems. Despite many advantages and a long history of successfully applying the unified design method to the development of information systems, it does not completely overcome the problem of this crisis. To overcome this problem for hierarchical production and technical systems, it is proposed to modify the unified design method and use the synergistic effect from the combined use of structural, object and visual modelling methods in the form of a new design method - a modified system design process. The article presents the scheme and algorithm of the proposed method, the results of the analysis of its application. The possibility of its application to systems with a hierarchical structure is established. Unlike traditional models of information systems, the decision support information system model built according to the new method successfully integrates various subject areas of knowledge due to its visibility and support for object-oriented design technologies, which allows it to be effectively used to create an expert information system model for complex technical systems.
Exploiting Deep Learning Techniques for the Verification of Handwritten Signatures
Authors: Albasu F. B. , Al Akkad M. A.
Published: December 2023

Biometric featuresare common measures of identity verification where signaturesarethe most used type. The digital technology has given birth to new ways of biometric identification, such as fingerprints, iris and face recognition,while dealing with handwritten signatures is still a challenging task, because handwritten signatures are more prone to forgery than other means of verification due to issues like computer error, insufficient datasets, and loss of information. This work aims to develop a system that takes a signature image as its input and determines whether the signature is genuine written by its author or forged by another individual. The system is based on a neural network algorithm called Convolutional Siamese Neural Networks, which is used for deep learning and computer vision as well as other machine learning tasks such as natural language processing and digital signal processing.A Contrastive Loss function which compares the Euclidean distance of the output feature vectors is used, and a writer-independent model is used for training and image classification. This work’s objective is toenhance the precision of signature verification and take it as a base for future work on signature verification and use it in user identification, fraud detection and prevention, and forensic investigation applications. The system can be applied in banking, government and private organizations, and forensic investigation for identity and document verification, impersonation and fraud detection and prevention, crime and judicial investigation, and passport verification
Independent Wind Power Installations with Optimum Control Being the Part of Wind Power Plant
Authors: Buyalsky V. I. , Yakimovich B. A.
Published: December 2023

Based on the analysis of the independent wind power unit control with advanced blade installation to the required angle in accordance with pitch drive motor turn-on time estimation and taking into account the parameters of inductive resistance x1, reduced inductive resistance x′2, active resistance of the stator winding phase r1, reduced active resistance of the winding phase stator r′2, aimed at minimizing the time of the phase voltage transient regulation of the wind turbine generator, so as to improve the quality of the self-excitation process and the performance of power supply under conditions of incomplete information about wind speed and electrical load characteristics that change significantly over time - a criterion for delimiting the access time has been developed for the device to change blade position in terms of proposed and main methodsto develop controlling actions. Access time differentiation is made for the effective matching of the offered and basic ways of wind power installation control blade position, and minimization of time extrapolation interval of wind stream and electric loading promotes wind speed accuracy estimation and power consumption due to steady average values of meteorological and electric and power process, and also provides control time reduction of target control parameters from an existing basic control method, that essentially reduces its participation in decision making process as the given way generates control actions with delay that leads to fluctuations of phase voltage. The software control module of independent wind unit operationwithin the structure of wind power plant with the set advanced time and taking dynamic properties of the system into account that increases voltage stability of modern wind generators for an independent operation mode is developed. The software package for controlling a wind power plant has been improved based on the power unit operation mode - an independent process of electricity generation or for the power system.
Methodological Aspects of Local Natural and Technical System Assessment Based on the Results of Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Gorokhov M. M. , Korepanov M. A. , Kurguzkin P. M.
Published: December 2023

The concept of a natural-technical system is considered as a set of man-made and natural objects located on a single territory is considered. The environmental safety of the natural and technical system is ensured by limiting the negative impact on the environment from a technogenic object. It is noted that the regulation of the negative impact is necessary but not sufficient condition for environmental safety, since it is primarily focused on the implementation of sanitary and hygienic standards in relation to the people’s living or working conditions on the territory of a natural and technical system. The use of sanitary and hygienic maximum allowable concentrations in assessing the transformation of environmental objects is not very informative. It is noted that in the regular functioning conditions of a man-made object, the information basis for assessing negative changes in the environment is the results of environmental monitoring. Environmental monitoring systems are developed mostly for highly hazardous production facilities in terms of organizing the obtaining quantitative data on environmental pollution. The issues of quantitative assessment of the ecological state of the territory have not been adequately considered. The indicators used in the form of aggregated convolutional indices are still focused on sanitary and hygienic standards. In addition, their information content is reduced due to the cross-correlation of indicators used in the calculation in the form of pollutant concentrations. It is noted that objects of flora and fauna are more sensitive to negative impacts, and therefore, along with the quantitative chemical analysis of the pollution of the territory, monitoring of the biotic component of the environment is carried out. At the same time, biomonitoring data are considered as independent results. The relationship between general desirability function in assessing the state of biocenoses and other characteristics of the territory, including its pollution, is usually not studied, which also reduces their informational value. Based on the analysis of the considered materials, it was concluded that for an informative assessment and forecast of the ecological state of the natural and technical system, the development of integral indices of the biotic and abiotic components of the environment in their relationship is required.
Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Mathematical Support of Target Layout Animation
Authors: Egorov S. F.
Published: December 2023

A mathematical support of target layout animation on the image of the shooting range with shielding by nearby objects and without flickering for the optical-electronic shooting simulator'Inhibitor' developed at Institute of mechanics UdmFRC UB RAS and at Computer facilities department of Kalashnikov ISTU jointly with JSC «Kalashnikov» Concern» is described. The tactical and technical task for the implementation of realistic target layout animation is given: support for all exercises from the Shooting Course with emerging-disappearing and moving targets on the surface of the shooting range with local objects that shield them, as well as folds of the area and other targets. Movements should be realistic in speed and angular dimensions of targets, smooth without jerking and correspond to the exercise scenario from the Firing Course: targets up to 2 m/s, armored vehicles up to 4 m/s at an angle of 15-20 from maximum ranges to minimum ones. The animation frequency should be maintained at least 25 frames/s, with the priority of the target layout (at least up to 32 at the same time) over special effects and local objects. The conducted studies of the animated target positioning accuracy with strong reduction in their size at longer ranges to ensure the realism of aiming at such images confirmed compliance with the requirements of TDP (significantly less than 0.3 thousandth range or 1.5 mm). Based on the prospects for further research and development of electronic shooting simulators and thanks to the improvement of computing tools and the development of software graphic libraries, it is necessary to expand the functional capabilities of simulators and reduce the cost, so as to increase competitiveness, for example, due to the realism of the animation of the target environment.
Modeling and Management of Hybrid System Photovoltaic-FC-Ultracapacitors Power Systems
Authors: Issa H. A. , Abdali L. M. , Al-Maliki M. N. , Yakimovich B. A. , Kuvshinov V. V.
Published: December 2023

This study shows an improved DC microgrid power management technique. The value of utilizing renewable energy has long been debatable, and this article suggests a typical DC microgrid because of the advantages it has over AC technology. A solar cell (PV), fuel cell (FC) and storage component - an ultracapacitor (UC)-make up the standard microgrid. The most important goal of the paper is to optimize the management strategy for the bus voltage with arranged power-sharing between these types of renewable energy that are used here. For variable solar irradiance and various loading conditions, the proposed management seeks to deliver high-quality energy to the load while taking into consideration the FC state. The ultracapacitor was prepared to furnish the transient period due to the FC's slow dynamics. To maintain the DC bus voltage steady in the face of load variations, a management algorithm is put into practice. To generate the references, the management controller relies on a differential flatness method. The electricity from the ultracapacitor controls the DC bus. Earlier studies showed that the circuit of the fuel cell was integrated with a standalone photovoltaic system and discovered that the fuel cell doesn't have the same properties. In the current research, observations were made on power quality elements like voltage, current, and power for energy storage systems. With several self-definition elements of the photovoltaic, fuel cell, and ultracapacitor, along with their parameters, simulation is used as the study method medium. The outcome demonstrates that since the ultracapacitor serves as the primary storage, the fuel cell integration has little impact on it, and only small changes in voltage and current were observed. Due to the fuel cell integration characteristic of providing the system a major perturbation, most perturbation from the system had been absorbed while in an ultracapacitor
A Study of Tourism Potential in Igatpuri Tahasil of Nashik District
Authors: Gosavi Yogesh Dinkar
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The study of this paper aims to study the various religious, Natural and cultural destination of Nashik District. Cultural, Natural tourism destinations (or pilgrim-towns as conventionally known) are special places where urbanization processes are driven by visitor influxes that visit these places for cultural and religious reasons.) Nashik boards of a large number of popular and revered religious cultural venues that are heavily frequented by locals as well as international tourists. Nashik has many religious cultural sites and pilgrimage places for different faiths. For this paper used secondary research methodology has been used for research for data collection, secondary data collected from, the literature the review also government agency data, tourism online news has been collected. This paper emphasizes the emergence of religious tourism in Nashik District and also explored the potential growth and suggested some solutions for development Igatpuri tourism in Nashik
Automatic Adjustable Rear-View Mirror Using Servo Motor and Arduino for Bikes
Authors: Karvir Shaunak Sunil
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The Automatic Adjustable Rear-View Mirror (AARM) system utilizing a servo motor and Arduino for bikes is an innovative solution aimed at enhancing rider safety and convenience. This is an automotive aid for riders, as many times we see that side glass or rear view mirrors of two wheelers are maximum time disorientated and riders barely takes any precaution against it. This system employs servo-controlled mechanisms to enable automatic adjustment of the rear-view mirror angles based on real-time riding conditions. By integrating an Arduino microcontroller, the AARM system achieves dynamic responsiveness to varying situations, providing riders with optimal visibility without manual intervention.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and its Impact on Soil Properties in and around the Achan Dump Site in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir
Authors: Pandit Dr. Bashir Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Solid waste disposal may result in soil pollution with implications for ground water quality. Deteriorating soil quality and decrease in vegetation are grave consequences of open waste dumping which have resulted in growing public concern. The effect of waste disposal on soil quality of Achan, Srinagar was studied. The objective of the study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples collected from all the sides of the dumping site and at different distances. The results of the physical properties showed that bulk density was lower at the dumpsite and increased with increase in distance. Soil moisture content, pH, EC, OC, organic matter, CEC were higher at the dump site and decreased with increase in distance. Exchangeable cautions (Ca, Mg, and Na), DTPA micro nutrients and heavy metal concentration were higher at the dumpsite and decreased with the increase in the distance. All the parameters were found to be significantly different in different sampling sites except soil pH and nitrogen
IoT Based Food Freshness Detection by Using Python
Authors: Pise Dr. Manisha
Published: December 2023

Abstract: In the contemporary landscape of interconnected devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), the pursuit of sustainable practices has led to innovative solutions in diverse domains. This project introduces an IoT-based system for food freshness detection, leveraging the capabilities of the Python programming language. The primary objective is to design a versatile and accessible platform that monitors the freshness of perishable goods in real-time, contributing to reduced food wastage and enhanced consumer awareness. The project centers around the integration of sensors, particularly gas sensors, with a Raspberry Pi microcontroller. These sensors capture volatile compounds emitted during the degradation of food items, providing crucial data for freshness assessment. The Python programming language is employed to orchestrate sensor data processing, implement intelligent freshness determination logic, and facilitate communication with IoT platforms. Key components of the project include the establishment of MQTT communication for real-time data transfer, integration with cloud platforms (such as AWS IoT or ThingSpeak) for data storage and visualization, and the optional development of a user interface for remote monitoring. Through rigorous testing and calibration, the system aims to achieve a reliable and accurate assessment of food freshness across diverse environmental conditions. The anticipated outcomes include a functional and scalable IoT-based food freshness detection system. By providing users with real-time insights into the condition of perishable goods, the project strives to empower consumers to make informed decisions, reduce food wastage, and contribute to sustainable food management practices
История развития хосписов, расположенных в границах городов
Authors: Клочко Асмик
Published: December 2023

В данной статье рассматривается история становления первых хосписов, изначально служивших пристанищем для паломников и располагавшихся в границах населённых пунктов и вдоль дорог, по которым проходили основные паломнические маршруты. Рассматриваются вопросы трансформации в течение столетий основной функции хосписов, а также современные тенденции в области архитектуры хосписов в границах городов. Анализируются основные формы их архитектурной организации и общие планировочные черты. Рассматривается состояние отечественного хосписного движения и выявляется необходимость внедрения хосписной помощи в структуру городов Российской Федерации и их стандартизации.
Toward proficiency: Developing a multiplication mathematical content knowledge test for pre-service mathematics teachers in Indonesia and Türkiye
Authors: Novikasari Ifada , Dede Yüksel
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to develop a specific Mathematical Content Knowledge (MCK) test focused on multiplication for pre-service mathematics teachers in Indonesia and Türkiye. No assessment tool exists to measure MCK related to multiplication among pre-service mathematics teachers. We used convenience sampling to obtain data from third- and fourth-year pre-service teachers in Indonesian and Turkish mathematics teacher education programs. The test items were administered to 423 Indonesian pre-service mathematics teachers and 413 Turkish pre-service mathematics teachers, and their responses were analyzed using factor analysis. The MCK test was found to be reliable, with 18 items that were grouped into four components: procedural knowledge of multiplication (C1), understanding of multiple representations (C2), conceptual knowledge of multiplication (C3), and anticipating students' thinking (C4). The study results suggest that a valid MCK test helps evaluate multiplication in these four components. Additionally, the study findings indicate that Indonesian pre-service teachers score higher in the C1 and C4 categories, while Turkish pre-service teachers score higher in the C2 and C3 categories.
Aligning numeracy task design with SDG goals: Nutrition facts as a context for prospective mathematics teachers' problem posing
Authors: Sari Yurizka Melia , Kohar Ahmad Wachidul , El Milla Yulia Izza , Fiangga Shofan , Rahayu Dwi Shinta
Published: December 2023

Nutrition facts are the details on food packaging that describe its nutritional value, including serving size, calories, macronutrients like carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. These facts have mathematical concepts that can be utilized as a context for prospective teachers to create mathematical problems. By leveraging this real-world data, educators can contribute to multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), by promoting nutritional awareness, and SDG 4 (Quality Education) by enhancing student engagement and understanding through relatable examples. This study examines the profile of mathematical tasks created by prospective mathematics teachers using nutrition facts as a context that meets numeracy task criteria. Data were collected from 62 mathematical tasks created by 31 prospective teachers attending a realistic mathematics education course on numeracy based on a problem-posing task at a public university in Surabaya, Indonesia. The posed tasks were categorized into solvable or unsolvable tasks and the domains of the level of context use and the level of cognitive processes. Results revealed that the level of context use in the posed tasks varied from zero to second order. Surprisingly, most of the tasks were in the first-order level context. Most posed tasks reached the application level, with only a few identified as reasoning tasks. Interestingly, some tasks coded as second-order context were classified as reasoning tasks. The study provides implications for designing numeracy tasks using nutrition facts and interventions in teacher education related to numeracy task design.
Transformation geometry in eleventh grade using digital manipulative batik activities
Authors: Sahara Sani , Dolk Maarten , Hendriyanto Agus , Kusmayadi Tri Atmojo , Fitriana Laila
Published: December 2023

Learning Transformation Geometry (TG) needs a more informal approach to concern situational problems. This study aims to develop actionable knowledge of TG in the form of design related to context and yet general enough to use digital manipulative activities in new situations. We propose such knowledge in the form of conjectured Local Instructional Theory (LIT) in the framework of design research methodological framework. The designed learning activities were based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) principles and used batik as the context and van Hiele’s mode of geometric thought. In addition, the CorelDraw software is used as a tool to transform batik-making activities into a digital manipulative environment. The design consists of a pre-assessment and four learning activities. The data were analyzed retrospectively in accordance with the HLT. The analysis of the data described above and the justification of the processes during the teaching experiment indicate a compelling trajectory for students learning transformation geometry for this specific context and the prospect for future studies.
Wealth Distribution among Sasak Communities Through Inheritance: A Quest for Justice
Authors: Haji Munir Zainal Arifin
Published: December 2023

This research describes the study of economic justice in the distribution of inheritance among the Sasak people, Lombok Indonesia. Economic justice is a value championed in the study of Islamic business law (al-fiqh al-muāmalah) by considering the traditions, national laws, and other laws that live in society.  Economic distribution justice is the main spirit in economic equality, one of which is through inheritance, which is also part of the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah value, namely hifz al-māl. This sociological research was conducted in several villages on Lombok Island: Sade, Bayan, Penujak, Teruwai, Pancor, and Aikmel. Data was collected through interviews, documentation, and observation of the community's perception, knowledge, and inheritance practice. In this study, it was found that the Sasak community prioritizes customary law, by considering Islamic law as a balance of justice. National law is only a last option when there is no way for dialog and discussion among the heirs. Sasak customary law, which is dominated by a patriarchal system, positions women lower than men. The presence of Islamic law opens the opportunity for women to enjoy economic justice (distribution). National law is used as an option when disputes and disagreements between heirs exist.
Child Exploitation by Parents in Early Marriage: Case Study in Cianjur West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sopyan Yayan , Muttaqin Zezen Zainal , Solihat Cucu , Aripin Jaenal
Published: December 2023

Parents should protect their children. Child exploitation by parents is a cruel act. One form of parental deprivation of children’s rights is to marry them at an early age. In Indonesia, the rate of early marriage is still above 10% of all marriages. There is a trend of early marriage with Arab men in tourist destinations such as Puncak-Cianjur, West Java, after the increasing number of tourist visits from the Middle East. This research used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach to explore informant' experiences, interpret their experiences, and give meaning to their experiences. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews using the Snow Bowling Effect method. The results of the research were analyzed using the framework method. This research found that parents determine the occurrence of early marriage. The drivers of early marriage are economic interests and religious dogma. Parents were influenced by biyong (marriage broker) in making decisions. Biyong took advantage of half of the dowry. Meanwhile, children’s consent to marry was influenced by religious doctrines that caused them to be altruistic and follow their parents' wishes. This research recommends the government be stricter in supervising foreign tourists and socializing the dangers of early marriage and mutáh marriage with foreigners.
The Shifting Meaning of Istiṭa‘ah in Performing Hajj for the Bone People in the Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors: Bustanul Arifin Nursyirwan , Keri Ismail , Said Ali , Kiramang Khaeruddin , Khaironi Ghazanul Fikri
Published: December 2023

The community’s understanding of istiṭa’ah (ability) has shifted and narrowed in meaning towards the economic aspect. This study aims to describe the concept of istiṭa’ah as understood by the people of Bone, South Sulawesi, the factors that cause the narrowing of the meaning of istiṭa’ah, and the economic contents that influence the meaning of istiṭa’ah. This study used a qualitative method using the lughawi approach and Islamic law as an analytical tool. Data were collected by means of in-depth interview and literature review. This study found that the people of Bone have interpreted istiṭa’ah as physical, economic, and security capabilities while in the Holy Land. The shift in the meaning of istiṭa’ah narrowly has referred only to economic ability, as influenced by the high costs, the long waiting lists, and a large number of transfers of regular hajj to hajj handled by private travel agents. The shift in the meaning of istiṭa’ah towards the economic ability is due to no other indicator other than the economy that makes any constraints or limitations can be overcome through paid services of other people. Those who have economic ability will get more VIP facilities than those who do not. In terms of lughawi meaning, istiṭa’ah should be understood broadly, not merely physical, non-physical nor economic factors. In Islamic law, the waiting list and security factors can become illat (cause) of a person to be able (istiṭa’ah) to perform Hajj.
Constructive Possession in the Sale and Purchase of Gold According to Changes in the Customary Practice
Authors: Yahaya Mohammad Zaini
Published: December 2023

In a sales and purchase transaction, gold is a ribawī item that requires taking possession (qabḍ) of goods on a spot basis. Since the al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah have not specifically mentioned the form of qabḍ in a sales and purchase transaction, the ulama has made customary practice (‘urf) as a reference when determining whether a card is appropriate or otherwise. Besides that, the ulama has also accepted constructive possession (qabḍ ḥukmī) as a substitute for physical possession (qabḍ ḥaqīqī) in a sales and purchase transaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of qabḍ, the forms of qabḍ, the classification of qabḍ ḥukmī in buying and selling gold, and the application of 'urf as a reference in the validity of qabḍ. The study is a normative legal study using uṣūl al-fiqh and fiqh al-mu'āmalāt analysis tools. The results of the study show that rapid technological developments have changed some forms of buying and selling transactions, including those involving gold. The main challenge in transactions involving gold is the issue of qabḍ, especially those that do not involve physical gold. This is due to certain constraints, especially buying and selling online. Based on the views of the scholars in determining the forms of qabḍ ḥukmī to see the suitability of gold buying and selling applications at this time, this kind of buying and selling is permissible. As long as there is takhliyyah and tamkin in the gold being traded, then it may be accepted as qabḍ ḥukmī. In addition, it must be ensured that the allocation steps, such as tagging of the physical gold, are implemented on the day of the contract to avoid ribā al-nasī’ah.
Inconsistencies in the Ḥanafī School's View of Children's Legal Competence
Authors: Fauzi Moh. , Nurdin Nazar
Published: December 2023

This article examines the inconsistencies of the Ḥanafī school of thought regarding the legal capacity of children. The study of this issue is to prove whether or not there is harmony between the legal istinbat method (ushul fiqh) used and the legal product (fikih) created. In fiqh proposal it is determined that children do not have legal capacity so they are freed from all forms of legal imposition (taklif). The problem studied is the inconsistency of children's legal skills and arguments against this problem. This paper is based on qualitative data in the form of books on ushul fiqh and fiqh of thought from the  Ḥanafī school of thought. Data is given meaning through verstehen, namely understanding by using a divergent, creative, and innovative mindset so that deeper meaning is found. After that, the data was analyzed using content analysis, namely taking inventory of data, simplifying it, and generalizing it. This is done interactively between the three components; data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the research show that there is an inconsistency in the  Ḥanafī school of thought regarding legal competence. Inconsistency is seen in three ways; the standard has been and has not been the functioning of reason related to the age phases of the child, determining the impact of the benefits and harms contained in legal actions, and the scope of legal subjects. Thoughts on the legal skills of children other than the  Ḥanafī school of thought which have not been studied in this paper need further research.
Sharia and Monarchs in Southeast Asia: Political Legitimation in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Zada Khamami , Arsadani Qosim , Saepullah Saepullah , Sugito Mohamad Shofin
Published: December 2023

In this modern era, sharia is still relevant in the monarchy system. Brunei Darussalam is a country that places sharia in a political monarchy that is prone to orthodoxy. This study analyzes the policy of implementing sharia in Brunei Darussalam in a monarchical political configuration. This study uses qualitative research that analyzes the phenomenon of the application of sharia in Brunei with a sociological and political approach. The research data comes from a number of documents in the form of the Brunei Constitution, Sharia Penal Code Order 2013 (SPCO), other royal regulations, and online media. Data collection was carried out using documentation techniques which were analyzed by applying the theory of political determination of law developed by Nonet and Selznick and the theory of legitimacy developed by Weber. This study found that the policy of implementing sharia in Brunei through SPCO, under a monarchical political system produced responsive legal products. This policy is based on the people's aspirations as a manifestation of the culture and religious practices of the people of Brunei. The implication is that international attacks on the implementation of sharia in Brunei have met with resistance from the people. The application of sharia nationally further strengthens the political legitimacy of the Sultan of Brunei in maintaining and preserving his power. The people were increasingly loyal to the Sultan, so there was social order without popular opposition.
Prevention of Higher Education Radicalism in Aceh: Perspectives of Constitutional Law and Islamic Law
Authors: Idami Zahratul , Hirdayadi Israr , Mukhlis Mukhlis , Isa Qudwatin Nisak M , Masturah Siti Ghaisani
Published: December 2023

Higher education actually plays a role in strengthening national insight and nationalism in an academic framework as evidenced by efforts to prevent radicalism. This study examines the efforts of universities in preventing several universities in Aceh, namely Syiah Kuala University, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, Malikussaleh University, Teuku Umar University and Muhammadiyah Aceh University. This research uses empirical legal methods with an approach to constitutional law and Islamic law. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of this study show that radicalism is not found in higher education institutions in Aceh. Internal and external factors can influence the difficulty of finding radicalism. Internal factors include a diverse understanding of university elements about radicalism and a lack of religious understanding among students and leaders. The external factor is that there is no regulation that provides indicators of radicalism and students joining various organizations, and it is difficult to distinguish which ones are radical. However, universities have made efforts to prevent radicalism, namely; prevent lecturers and students from having extreme ideologies, strengthen the concept of nationalism and nationality and encourage students to participate in non-academic activities. In the context of constitutional law, this effort is a strategic policy carried out by the state through universities to create stability and peace. In addition, in the context of Islamic law, these efforts are in line with the objectives of Sharia, namely preventing harm and creating the benefit of the nation and state.
Falling Out of Love: Divorce of Three Acehnese Ubanan Couples in the Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Husin Asna
Published: December 2023

“The most hated of permissible things to Allāh the Exalted is divorce”—this Prophetic tradition is narrated by AbūDāwūd and Ibn Mājah. Yet divorce is now on the rise in Aceh where Islamic Sharī‘ah is supposedly being implemented; there were 6,823 divorce cases in the province during the first ten months of 2022, with most proposed by young couples. This study examines divorce in mature families aged fifty and above, who have been married for many years in the perspective of Islamic law. We analyze their marriage and the nature of their life leading to divorce, the reasons for falling out of love, and the impact of separation on their well-being and on their loved ones. We review the Islamic sources and academic literature about marriage and divorce, the government and media reports for statistics, and we interview three couples along with several of their children in order to obtain insights into their experience. We uncover the complexity surrounding marriage and divorce, as well as religious, social, and personal reasons guiding their action or non-action. The study recommends that governments and religious institutions implement premarital courses as a condition of marriage so that divorce rates can be reduced. Such policies must be accompanied by meaningful and well-funded national government programs to save the institution of marriage and be able to maintain family cohesion in Indonesia.
Law Omission in Muslim Society: Inquiring Citizen Rights in the Administration of Islamic Family Law in Madura Indonesia
Authors: Syawqi Abdul Haq , Umam Muhammad Khatibul , Ridho Achmad Ainur , Ilyas Roziana Amalia , Subakti Try
Published: December 2023

Understanding on the law omission seems controversial; some view it only as an interruption of normal life, and some discern it as an administrative violation. Differences in the understanding may produce difficulties in enforcing the administration of Islamic family law. In line with this context, while mapping forms of the law omission in various community groups, this study analyses reasons for differences of the understanding of it. This study was based on data collected from interviews, FGDs and Google Forms on three different community groups with religious structural characteristics in 4 regencies on Madura Island. This study revealed that social differences and social classes in a society have become a force that structures the society’ views or understanding of the law omission. Differences of the understanding have consequences for the levels of difficulties in enforcing the Islamic family law, especially in the administrative context, such as in cases of registration and dispensation of marriages. Structural differences that exist in a religious society become important to differentiate factors in an interpretation of a reality of life. This paper suggests to expand the observed cases and to provide additional data sources to enable an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the impact of the law omission in the field of administration of Islamic family law.
PROBLEMATIZANDO O MITO FUNDADOR DE NOVA FRIBURGO COMO A “SUÍÇA BRASILEIRA”: INVISIBILIZAÇÃO ÉTNICO-RACIAL E (RE)CRIAÇÃO DE ESPAÇO-TEMPORALIDADES
Authors: Simoni Joana , Rua João
Published: December 2023

Neste trabalho busca-se problematizar o título de Suíça Brasileira atribuído ao município de Nova Friburgo e oficializado na época em que se completaram 200 anos da colonização helvética. Esse título se apoia sobre um “mito fundador” e sobre a invenção de uma tradição que atravessa o percurso de formação do município. Para isso, reflete-se sobre as representações associadas a esse título que, de alguma maneira, invisibilizam outras contribuições – além da suíça – à produção do espaço geográfico friburguense, em suas diversas espaço-temporalidades. Essa reflexão remete-nos para a necessidade de pensar a importância da diferença para a ciência geográfica, trazendo à tona as particularidades e singularidades que formam a multiplicidade do território em análise – marcado, também, por um processo de manutenção de políticas de branqueamento, comum à sociedade brasileira.
ESCREVIVENDO COM CONHECIMENTOS LOCAIS: REFLEXÕES DE UMA PESQUISADORA-NEGRO-EDUCADORA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Alves Aline Neves Rodrigues
Published: December 2023

As reflexões e proposições contidas neste artigo dizem respeito a estudos e práticas que realizei tanto na academia quanto na educação básica durante o contexto de Pandemia de Covid-19, mais detidamente no primeiro semestre do ano de 2021. Tal investigação tem como objetivo trazer leituras, práticas empíricas e subjetivas baseadas em conhecimentos locais que foram sistematizados pelo movimento negro brasileiro, de acordo com a educadora Nilma Lino Gomes. A ênfase teórica é a do pensamento decolonial e a técnica metodológica advém do conceito de “escrevivências”, da escritora Conceição Evaristo que, como o antropólogo Arturo Escobar e o educador Paulo Freire, rejeita a separação entre o conhecer e o fazer. Ademais, minha escrita questiona radicalmente as relações binárias e assimétricas entre natureza e cultura, local e global, teoria e prática. Como resultado, este artigo apresenta uma crítica ao pensamento globalizante (desenvolvimentista), que invisibiliza corpos e cosmopercepções de grupos que foram oprimidos pelo sistema-mundo (moderno) capitalista. A conclusão é de que a dimensão do lócus de enunciação por meio do “corpo-território” pode contribuir para produção de “glocalidades”, como suspeito acontecer por intermédio da rede de geógrafos/as negros/as, que inicialmente esteve em investigação em meu doutorado. Redes que, como as Geografias feministas, não são exclusivas do Brasil, mas que encontram ressonâncias nas ações que buscam a luta por emancipação política, social e econômica. Uma tarefa que se pretende decolonial na teoria e prática.
SOBRE EL DOSSIER “GEOGRAFÍA Y DESCOLONIALIDAD EN CLAVE LATINO-AMERICANA”: DE ALGUNOS SENDEROS POSIBLES EN NUESTRO TRANSITAR HACIA EL SUR
Authors: Palladino Lucas
Published: December 2023

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A POLÍTICA DE ESCALA COMO ESTRATÉGIA TERRITORIAL DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Rego Miranda Rogério
Published: December 2023

O artigo possui enquanto objetivo realizar uma reflexão em torno das escalas, para esse propósito, primeiramente, faz-se uma diferenciação entre escala cartográfica, escala geográfica e política de escala. Em seguida, detém-se sobre as teorizações sobre a política de escala tendo como premissa as concepções da economia política e do pós-estruturalismo, que remetem a uma reflexão ontológica e epistemológica da escala. Por fim, o trabalho analisa as contribuições de Cox (1998), Brenner (2000; 2001) e Smith (2000, 2002, 2004) para compreender a escala enquanto produto social, dinâmico, mutável, multidimensional que apresenta uma face zonal, mas igualmente reticular, além de ser resultado e resultante de uma prática social e construção discursiva que viabiliza o exercício do poder, o qual não ocorre seguindo uma hierarquia tradicional e estática pautada na direção do global para o local, pois o último também pode interferir no primeiro. Assim, a política de escala é mobilizada tanto pelos agentes hegemônicos, quanto pelos movimentos sociais para potencializarem as suas lutas pelo/no território.
“COZINHANDO O/EM COMUM”: ELEMENTOS DA PRODUÇÃO DIFERENCIAL DO ESPAÇO NA AÇÃO DE COZINHAS COMUNITÁRIAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Fonseca Lunardon Kauan Arthur
Published: December 2023

Se por um lado são evidentes os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 no que diz respeito ao acirramento das desigualdades sociais, por outro, é preciso também trazer à tona as organizações populares que ganharam força nesse triste período. Trata-se de agenciamentos locais auto-organizados como cozinhas e hortas comunitárias, associações de moradores, brigadas sanitárias e outras experiências que demonstram que o fazer política é muito mais que simplesmente ir votar a cada dois anos. Tais práticas espaciais conferem a existência do que Henri Lefebvre (2013) denomina como “espaço diferencial”, espaços de uso, ao mesmo tempo resíduo da cotidianidade hegemônica e resistência a ela. Enquanto lugares de experimentação, também se relacionam com o que Stavrides (2016) propõe como "thresholds”, ou portais nos quais permite-se a emergência do comum. O presente artigo apresenta esses conceitos enquanto chaves de leitura para compreender as ações de cozinhas comunitárias de Curitiba durante o ano de 2020 e 2021, em especial a mantida pelo coletivo Marmitas da Terra, ligado ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra, e pretende analisar como esses espaços podem colaborar para a emergência de práticas e fazeres comuns dentro da vida cotidiana da cidade.