bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permasalahan Pada Anak Yang Memiliki Keterlambatan Dalam Berbicara
Authors: Dewi Rahmatika , Thayyibah Zulfa , Hijriati
Published: July 2024

Keterlambatan berbicara pada anak merupakan masalah perkembangan yang semakin umum terjadi dan dapat berdampak signifikan pada perkembangan sosial, emosional, dan akademik anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab, menetapkan ciri-ciri dan profil perkembangan bicara, menganalisis dampak keterlambatan berbicara, menilai keberhasilan strategi intervensi, serta menyusun saran praktis bagi orang tua, pendidik, dan tenaga kesehatan dalam memfasilitasi perkembangan bicara dan bahasa anak yang mengalami keterlambatan berbicara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi dan wawancara pada anak di RA Takhirah Tungkop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlambatan berbicara disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Intervensi seperti terapi bicara, keterlibatan orang tua, dan pendekatan pembelajaran khusus terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara dan komunikasi anak. Diperlukan upaya komprehensif yang melibatkan kolaborasi antara orang tua, pendidik, dan terapis untuk mengatasi masalah ini.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik tentang Materi Daur Hidup Hewan
Authors: Noriko Rima , Hadi Sopiyan , Andayani Andayani
Published: July 2024

The very rapid development of science and technology currently requires a country to improve the quality and quality of education in order to be able to compete with countries in the world. One way is to require learning in schools to be in line with developments in science and technology. It is hoped that the application of technology in the learning process can provide greater convenience, independence and interest for students in providing learning materials. This research aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media on students' motivation and learning outcomes regarding animal life cycle material. The research method used is a quasi-experimental research method with a nonequivalent control group design, where the experimental class is taught with audio-visual media while the control class is taught with a conventional learning model. The research population was all class III students, with sampling using a purposive sampling technique and the research samples were obtained, namely class III OB, totaling 20 students as the control group and class III OD, totaling 20 students, as the experimental group. The research instruments used were learning motivation questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The questionnaire data analysis technique used is validity and reliability tests, while the test data is tested for validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiability of questions. To test the hypothesis, prerequisite tests were carried out using homogeneity and normality tests. After that, hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested using the independent t test, while hypothesis 3 used the MANOVA test. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results obtained are 1) there are differences in student learning outcomes in classes that use learning with audio-visual media, 2) there are differences in the learning motivation of students in classes that use learning with audio-visual media, and 3) there is the influence of media audio visuals on student motivation and learning outcomes.
Analisis Butir Soal Sumatif IPA Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Pontianak dengan Rasch Model Menggunakan Rstudio
Authors: Hartono Inayah Dzil Izzati , Ningsih Kurnia , Tenriawaru Andi Besse
Published: July 2024

Item analysis is carried out to improve the quality of items through revision or discarding ineffective items. This study aims to determine the quality of the items of the Summative Assessment of Science Subjects Class VII SMP Negeri 3 Pontianak Academic Year 2022/2023. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive method. Data obtained through documentation in the form of student answer sheets tested to 135 students with 30 multiple choice questions analyzed in aspects of validity, reliability, difficulty level, and differentiability with the Rasch Model using the R Program, especially R-Studio. The results of the analysis show that the questions have good validity quality because there are only 28 items that fit (93%) and 2 items that do not fit (7%), the reliability is categorized as sufficient with a reliability value of 0.683, the level of difficulty is good because it has a level of difficulty that varies from the category of very difficult, difficult, easy and very easy, good distinguishing power because it distributes person ability into 5 scales, namely very low, low, medium, high and very high so that it can measure students with diverse abilities, so that based on the results of the analysis it can be judged that the questions have good quality with good validity, sufficient reliability, good difficulty level and good distinguishing power.
Ethnobotany of Women’s Health Plants in Trimulya Village Sanggau Regency
Authors: Astuti A. Cindy , Syamswisna Syamswisna , Fajri Hayatul
Published: July 2024

Women's health care is a very important thing to do. However, not all women's health care is safe because most of it uses products or ingredients that can damage the body. The solution for that problem is to use natural ingredients that come from nature as an alternative to maintain women’s health. The people of Trimulya Village, especially women, still use plants to maintain their health. This research aims to determine the plant species used for women's health and how the plant processed as in Trimulya Village. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection carried out using structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the research results, 21 plant species are used to maintain women's health in Trimulya Village three of which are rarely found, namely white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Roxb), Chinese betel (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth), and lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe). The most frequently used processing method is by boiling. The plants used by the community are come from their garden or the yard of the house.
Morfometrik Ikan Bileh (Rasbora sp.) dari Perairan Ie Sayang Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Zulfadhli Zulfadhli , Hendri Afrizal , S Irhami , Nasution M. Arif
Published: July 2024

Bileh fish (Rasbora sp.) is a fish that lives in freshwater and can be found in the waters of Ie Sayang West Woyla West Aceh District. Excessive exploration has caused the population of bileh fish in nature to decrease and be limited. The first step that needs to be done in aquatic resource management is to identify the type of bileh fish to adopt its cultivation techniques. Fish identification can be done morphologically or molecularly. Morphological identification refers to morphometric studies. This study aims to identify bileh fish species from Ie Sayang waters based on morphometric characteristics. The bileh fish was obtained from community catches in September-November 2023. Morphological identification was done by visualizing and measuring morphometric characters. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the relationship between morphometric characters was analyzed by linear regression. The morphology of bileh fish has a fusiform body shape, terminal mouth type, forked caudal fin, and linea lateralis visible from the operculum to the caudal part. Total length (TL) ranged from 36.94-65.78 mm and standard length (SL) 29.01-52.49 mm. The length-weight correlation of allometric fish was negative. TL characters were closely correlated with SL, HL, DFD, ED, CPD, and VFL.
Psychosocial Effects of Infertility among Infertile Women Attending the Outpatient Consultation Unit of Chracerh Yaoundé Cameroon; a CrossSectional Study
Authors: Mengne Gabrielle Laure , Emenguele Pascale Mpono , Kobenge Fidelia Mbi , Belinga Etienne , Kasia Jean Marie , Egbe Thomas Obinchemti
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Infertility is a public health problem that has severe psychosocial repercussions on affected persons though it is not a life-threatening condition. The psychosocial consequences of infertility include depression, anxiety, problems with sexual relations, marital issues, violence, a decline in self-confidence, jealousy, and a poor quality of life. In Cameroon, little is known about the effects of infertility on women’s mental health and social lives. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics and psychosocial effects of infertility among infertile women attending the outpatient consultation unit of the Hospital Center for Research in Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction (CHRACERH) Yaoundé, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study with a quantitative data collection method from the 14th of March to the 6th of April 2023 at the outpatient consultation unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé. Sociodemographic, psychological status using the GHQ-28, and social effects of infertility data were collected with a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, thematic analysis and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis using the SPSS software. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.52±7.64 years, the mean duration of infertility was 10.27±7.9 years and secondary infertility was higher 53.2%. The prevalence of psychological disorder was 40%. The overall mental score was 23.2±11.85, highest subscale score was anxiety 7.92±5.39 (14.7%) and the lowest was depression 2.74±3.77 (1.6%). The social effects identified include 1) Mood changes; frustration (35.8%), joy impaired (55.8%) and envious of pregnant woman (97.9%). 2) Relationship changes; Sexual life is conditioned by need for a child (33.2%), problems with partner (29.5%), fear of divorce (36.8%), husband having children out of marriage (51.1%); 3) Stigma; sense of guilt (74.2%), and suicidal ideation (5.3%). Conclusion: Most of the study participants were in the late thirties. Anxiety was the predominant symptom and depression was the least. Over one-third participants feared losing their partner.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DENGAN SOCIAL LOAFING PADA MAHASISWA DALAM TUGAS KELOMPOK SELAMA PERKULIAHAN DARING
Authors: Karana Allison Carol ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Lavienda Dita , Maheswari Margaretha Eka Gayatri , Rani Elizabeth , Prasetya Melani Dian , Tedjawidjadja Detricia ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Published: July 2024

Selama pandemi Covid-19 proses pembelajaran mengalami perubahan dikarenakan kebijakan pemerintah yang awalnya dilakukan secara tatap muka menjadi daring. Perubahan pembelajaran tersebut mengakibatkan penurunan tingkat motivasi berprestasi mahasiswa dan berpotensi memunculkan perilaku social loafing. Social loafing adalah fenomena terjadinya penurunan dalam usaha yang dikeluarkan oleh individu saat mengerjakan tugas kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan kelompok dibandingkan saat mengerjakan tugas individu yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan pribadi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara motivasi berprestasi dengan social loafing pada mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini berbentuk kuantitatif studi hubungan. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 169 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa aktif Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya angkatan 2018-2021 dan mengikuti perkuliahan secara daring. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan skala social loafing milik Kusuma (2015) dan motivasi berprestasi milik Pratiwi (2016). Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Non-Parametrik Kendall’s Tau-B, dengan hasil nilai korelasi sebesar -0,306 dan nilai p= 0,000, yang memiliki makna adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi berprestasi dengan social loafing pada mahasiswa selama perkuliahan daring dengan arah hubungan negatif. Artinya, semakin tinggi tingkat motivasi berprestasi maka semakin rendah tingkat social loafing. Demikian pula sebaliknya. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi atas pentingnya meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi mahasiswa agar dapat menurunkan perilaku social loafing.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENYESUAIAN DIRI DENGAN SCHOOL WELL-BEING PADA SISWA SMP NEGERI 1 SILAEN
Authors: Marpaung Sernita ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Hapsari Elisabet Widyaning ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Published: July 2024

Peralihan dari pembelajaran daring ke luring membutuhkan adaptasi. Adaptasi ialah kemampuan untuk membangun keharmonisan antara individu dan lingkungan. Kualitas sekolah berdampak pada perkembangan penyesuaian pribadi. Penelitian berikut ini mencoba untuk melihat apakah ada korelasi antara self-efficacy dengan kesejahteraan sekolah pada peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 Ceylon. Responden survei ini mencapai 259 peserta didik berusia 11–16 tahun. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini memakai metode sampling yakni random sampling. Penelitian berikut ini memakai metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan memakai skala mutu sekolah dan swakelola. Penelitian selanjutnya memakai metode analisis data Kendall Tau-B dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05) dengan nilai signifikan r = 0,255. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara penyesuaian diri dengan kualitas sekolah, artinya penyesuaian diri mempunyai karunia bagi peserta didik untuk mencapai keharmonisan antara dirinya dan sekolahnya sehingga faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sekolah Untuk meningkatkan sikap peserta didik. Kamu baik. Tingkat penyesuaian diri peserta didik yang tinggi, tingkat kesejahteraan sekolah peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 Sailen yang tinggi. Sebaliknya, menurunkan tingkat pengembangan diri peserta didik, menurunkan kualitas sekolah peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 Silen.
GAMBARAN KONSEP DIRI PADA EMERGING ADULTHOOD YANG PERNAH MENGALAMI CHILD MALTREATMENT
Authors: Prijonggo Jihan Syarifah ,   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Mulya Happy Cahaya ,   Widya Mandala Catholic University
Published: July 2024

Child maltreatment merupakan berbagai bentuk kekerasan oleh orang tua terhadap anak mereka terlebih yang berada pada usia di bawah 18 tahun, tindakan tersebut terdiri dari kekerasan secara fisik maupun emosional, kekerasan seksual, serta penelantaran secara fisik maupun penelantaran secara emosional. Tindakan maltreatment yang diberikan oleh orang tua ketika masa kecil menyebabkan terbentuknya gambaran konsep diri pada individu. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran konsep diri pada emerging adulthood yang pernah mengalami child maltreatment. Konsep diri terbagi menjadi dua yaitu konsep diri positif dan negatif yang dapat dilihat melalui sudut pandang fisik, psikis, sosial, dan moral. Ketika individu memiliki konsep diri yang positif, ia akan selalu memiliki pandangan optimis terhadap kehidupan. Sebaliknya apabila individu memiliki konsep diri negatif dirinya akan cenderung memiliki pandangan yang pesimis. Metode kualitatif dipilih untuk menjelaskan fenomena secara lebih mendalam, yaitu wawancara kepada tiga perempuan emerging adulthood yang pernah mengalami child maltreatment. Peneliti mendapatkan informan dengan menyebar pertanyaan terbuka di sosial media. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah secara deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan child maltreatment yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dapat menghasilkan konsep diri yang berbeda-beda, yaitu positif dan negatif. Terdapat tindakan child maltreatment yang membentuk konsep diri positif pada salah satu informan penelitian, meskipun kedua informan lainnya mendapatkan tindakan yang serupa. Saran penelitian ini ditujukan bagi informan penelitian, orang tua, lembaga ranah anak, dan juga bagi penelitian selanjutnya.
Design of Extruder with Metering Section Removed and Replaced with Gear Pump for Machine Space Savings in Large Format Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Piatt Emily N. , Venugopal Vysakh , Anand Sam
Published: July 2024

Since its creation, the plastic extrusion screw has been applied to several manufacturing processes. One of the newest applications of this technology has been 3D printing. Using an extrusion screw allows higher extrusion rates than direct drive extruders using a filament spool. This paper further develops the design by decreasing the standard screw length by removing the metering zone and replacing it with a gear pump. This allows for a smaller machine footprint. Extruders are susceptible to surging (inconsistency of the melt pressure and flow rate). Adding a gear pump to the extruder increases flow consistency at the nozzle, but this adds additional length and weight. With the addition of this gear pump-based metering device, the metering section of the screw is redundant and can be removed. By creating a shorter extruder, manufacturers can increase the flow rate without increasing machine size. The proposed extruder design is validated through flow testing and analysis of voids in the bead cross-section with image processing. By showing that a consistent bead can be produced without a metering section in the extruder, this extruder design can print parts with a wide range of materials.
Мобильная картография. Особенности, свойства и понятие мобильной карты
Authors: Утробина Елена Степановна
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы терминологии мобильной карты и мобильной картографии. Кратко приведены предпосылки развития мобильной картографии как самостоятельного направления. Проведены анализ и обобщение различных терминов, определений и концепций, связанных с понятиями «мобильная картография» и «мобильное картографирование», предложено толкование понятия «мобильное картографирование». Отличительной особенностью мобильной карты от всех других является ее визуализация и использование в рамках малого экрана на мобильном устройстве, соответственно, отсюда вытекают характеризующие ее свойства, которые подразделены на свойства, связанные с установкой и использованием картографического изображения и с визуализацией картографического изображения. Рассмотрены такие свойства, как технологичность, мультирежимность, геопозиционирование и навигация, многокомпонентость функционала; адаптивность, мультимедийность, интуитивность, мультимасштабность и интерактивность. Предложено определение мобильной карты.
Оптимизация системы управления развитием урбанизированных территорий
Authors: Айнуллина Карина Наилевна , Кряхтунов Александр Викторович , Москвин Виктор Николаевич
Published: July 2024

Развитие любой территории (государства, региона, города, села, элемента планировочной структуры, земельного участка) сопряжено с большим спектром решения вопросов, которые включают нормотворческую, земельную, градостроительную, экологическую, социально-экономическую и другие направленности. Статья посвящена рассмотрению вопросов структуризации (оптимизации) системы управления развитием урбанизированных территорий (далее – УРУТ). Дано авторское определение термину «управление развитием территорий». В ходе теоретического анализа (при помощи методов анализа и синтеза), практического опыта в органах местного самоуправления авторами предложена модель системы управления развитием территорий в виде теории графов типа «дерево». Для представленной системы определена генеральная цель – обеспечение устойчивого развития территорий, а также установлены цели подсистем (подцели системы УРУТ). В системе УРУТ предложена подсистема контроля, которая включает механизмы мониторинга и оценки устойчивого развития территорий как одного из важных элементов при принятии управленческих решений.
KONSTRUKSI LITERASI DIGITAL PADA PEMILU 2024 UNTUK MEMBENDUNG ARUS INFORMASI DAN BERITA PALSU
Authors: Iskandar Dudi , Suratno Geri , Raharjo Didik Hariyadi
Published: July 2024

Abstrak : Pemilihan Umum 2024 diselenggarakan 14 Februari 2024. Sebagai hajat politik terbesar bangsa ini, semua kalangan terlibat dalam Pemilu 2014. Karena itu lumrah bila setiap pemilu terjadi pertarungan wacana yang melibatkan aktor politik, media massa, dan masyarakat. Tidak hanya informasi dan berita yang membentuk wacana positif, wacana negatif pun bertebaran. Publik, kandidat, dan state actors tidak hanya mewarnai ruang publik media dengan informasi jernih dan berita baik, tetapi juga menggarami dengan informasi kotor. Informasi palsu di media sosial di media berita buruk di massa pada Pemilu 2024 mengancam kohesi sosial dan integrasi bangsa sebagaimana pernah terjadi pada Pemilu 2014 dan 2019. Harus ada usaha membendung penyebaran informasi dan berita palsu tersebut. Salah satunya adalah literasi digital, termasuk literasi media digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi literasi digital, termasuk media digital, pada pemilu 2024 untuk membendung informasi dan berita palsu pada Pemilu 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan data pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama, momentun pemilu merupakan saat rawan peredaran informasi dan berita palsu. Di sinilah kemampuan literasi digital, termasuk literasi media digital menemukan momentumnya. Kedua, secara makro negara bertanggung jawab dalam program literasi digital, termasuk literasi media digital. Ketiga, komunikasi publik antara Kemenkominfo dan masyarakat  menjadi jembatan vital yang harus terus dipelihara dan ditingkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensinya sehingga peran negara dalam membangun literasi digital, termasuk literasi media digital terwujud secepatnya.
Kata Kunci : literasi media, informasi palsu, berita palsu, Pemilu 2024
Novel digital technique for measuring the volumetric healing process of free gingival grafts surrounding dental implants
Authors: Docampo-Vázquez Cristian , Gragera-Alia Teresa , Fernández-Domínguez Manuel , Zubizarreta-Macho Álvaro , Aragoneses-Lamas Juan Manuel
Published: July 2024

The objective of the present study was to analyze and describe a new digital technique for analyzing the volumetric healing process of free gingival grafts in both donor and recipient locations surrounding a dental implant, as well as to compare the reliability of conventional and digital techniques for measuring the width of the free gingival graft in the recipient location throughout the healing process.

Materials and methods

Ten patients presenting with mucositis linked to a dental implant were included. A preoperative soft tissue width <2 mm, with probing pocket depth <5 mm, edema and inflammation and bleeding on probing was determined A digital impression was taken of both donor and recipient locations using an intraoral scan, generating a Standard Tessellation Language digital file both preoperatively (STL1) and after 1 week (STL2), 1 month (STL3), 3 months (STL4), and 6 months (STL5) of follow-up. Afterwards, the digital files (STL1-STL5) were aligned using a reverse engineering morphometric software, and Student's t-test was used to analyze changes in volume at the donor and recipient locations. Additionally, widths were measured both clinically and digitally so as to compare the reliability of these measurement techniques. The repeatability and reproducibility of both these measurement techniques were also analyzed using Gage R&R statistical analysis.

Results

Gage R&R found that the total variability of the digital technique was 0.6% (among the measures of each operator) and 7.6% (among operators); as variability was under 10%, the results were repeatable and reproducible. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between donor and recipient locations in healing process volume (mm3) after one week (p = 0.0110), one month (p = 0.0007), three months (p < 0.0001) and six months (p = 0.0004) of follow-up.

Conclusion

The digital measurement technique provided accurate, repeatable, and reproducible results when analyzing the volumetric and linear measures of the healing process in both the donor and recipient locations of a free gingival graft surrounding a dental implant, with significantly higher tissue volume in the recipient location.
Deep carbonate gas reservoir sweet spot identification with seismic data based on dual-factor control of sedimentary facies and fault system
Authors: Zhang Guanyu , Huang Xuri , Xu Yungui , Tang Shuhang , Chen Kang , Peng Da
Published: July 2024

Deep carbonate reservoirs are attractive targets for gas development. These reservoirs are deeply buried, and commonly possess strong heterogeneity and poor seismic data quality, making the identification of favorable production areas (“sweet spots”) challenging. Furthermore, sedimentary facies and fault systems markedly impact reservoir quality, and identifying these features in seismic data is also crucial for sweet spot identification. To solve these problems, we propose a dual-factor-controlled sweet spot identification method with two steps. First, sedimentary facies and faults are identified separately at different seismic scales using different attributes by the steerable pyramid (SP) method. The SP method decomposes the original seismic data into high-frequency and low-frequency data. The amplitude attributes from high-frequency data are used to identify sedimentary facies, and coherence attributes based on low-frequency data are used to characterize the fault systems. Second, after separately identifying the sedimentary facies and faults, the two attribute volumes are merged together to identify reservoir sweet spots. The results are verified by using well production data. The results of a field study in the Dengying Formation deep carbonate reservoir in the central Sichuan Basin, China, indicate that reservoir sweet spots are primarily developed in ideal sedimentary facies along strike-slip fault systems. Sedimentary facies generally control the type and distribution of reservoirs, whereas strike-slip fault systems control the migration and accumulation of gas. In addition, the fault systems serve as karst channels that further improve the reservoir properties. The proposed dual-factor method might help to maximize exploration potential in deep carbonate reservoirs with similar settings.
Predictors of lateral lymph node metastasis and skip metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Yoon Jee Hee , Park Ji Yong , Hong A Ram , Kim Hee Kyung , Kang Ho-Cheol
Published: July 2024

Background

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is characterized by its favorable prognosis and potential for active surveillance (AS) as a management option. However, the presence of cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis, especially lateral LN metastasis, significantly impacts management and prognosis. Previous studies have focused on post-surgery risk factors for cervical LN metastasis. This study aims to identify predictors of lateral LN metastasis by analyzing pre-operative ultrasonographic findings alongside clinicopathological factors.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for patients with PTMC who underwent surgery at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between 2004 and 2013. This is a case–control study that compares patients with lateral LN metastasis (N1b) to age- and sex-matched patients without LN metastasis (N0). Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors of skip metastasis.

Results

The study included 90 patients with PTMC with lateral LN metastasis (N1b) and 268 age- and sex-matched patients without LN metastasis (N0). The mean age was 49.3 years, and female patients were dominant in both groups. Structural recurrences of 4.4% (4/90) were observed only in the N1b group. The N1b group exhibited a higher frequency of upper lobe tumor location compared to the N0 group (38.9% vs. 16.0%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the locations with the presence of invasion to adjacent organs. A higher proportion of non-parallel shape was observed in the N1b group than the N0 group (80.0% vs. 66.0%, p = 0.013). There were no differences in echogenicity, sonographic feature, margin, and AP diameter of the thyroid gland between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for lateral LN metastasis included extrathyroidal extension, multiplicity, upper lobe tumor location, and non-parallel shape. Skip metastasis in patients with PTMC was associated with upper lobe tumor location.

Conclusion

Detailed ultrasound examinations, evaluating tumor location, number, orientation, and the presence of ETE, are crucial in accurately predicting lateral LN metastasis especially when primary tumor was in the upper lobe to avoid missing skip metastasis. These evaluations can help guide the decision between AS and immediate surgery in patients with PTMC.
Ca2+ signaling and metabolic stress-induced pancreatic β-cell failure
Authors: Magnuson Mark A. , Osipovich Anna B.
Published: July 2024

Early in the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic stress brought on by insulin resistance and nutrient overload causes β-cell hyperstimulation. Herein we summarize recent studies that have explored the premise that an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), brought on by persistent metabolic stimulation of β-cells, causes β-cell dysfunction and failure by adversely affecting β-cell function, structure, and identity. This mini-review builds on several recent reviews that also describe how excess [Ca2+]i impairs β-cell function.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis pathway-based biomarker identification with machine learning for prognosis and T cell exhaustion status prediction in breast cancer
Authors: Wu Haodong , Wu Zhixuan , Li Hongfeng , Wang Ziqiong , Chen Yao , Bao Jingxia , Chen Buran , Xu Shuning , Xia Erjie , Ye Daijiao , Dai Xuanxuan
Published: July 2024

As the primary component of anti-tumor immunity, T cells are prone to exhaustion and dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A thorough understanding of T cell exhaustion (TEX) in the TME is crucial for effectively addressing TEX in clinical settings and promoting the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. In eukaryotes, numerous cell surface proteins are tethered to the plasma membrane via Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, which play a crucial role in facilitating the proper translocation of membrane proteins. However, the available evidence is insufficient to support any additional functional involvement of GPI anchors. Here, we investigate the signature of GPI-anchor biosynthesis in the TME of breast cancer (BC)patients, particularly its correlation with TEX. GPI-anchor biosynthesis should be considered as a prognostic risk factor for BC. Patients with high GPI-anchor biosynthesis showed more severe TEX. And the levels of GPI-anchor biosynthesis in exhausted CD8 T cells was higher than normal CD8 T cells, which was not observed between malignant epithelial cells and normal mammary epithelial cells. In addition, we also found that GPI -anchor biosynthesis related genes can be used to diagnose TEX status and predict prognosis in BC patients, both the TEX diagnostic model and the prognostic model showed good AUC values. Finally, we confirmed our findings in cells and clinical samples. Knockdown of PIGU gene expression significantly reduced the proliferation rate of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Immunofluorescence results from clinical samples showed reduced aggregation of CD8 T cells in tissues with high expression of GPAA1 and PIGU.
The efficacy and adverse events of bevacizumab combined with temozolomide in the treatment of glioma: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wei SiYao , Chang LanYin , Zhong Yi
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and adverse events of bevacizumab (BEV) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of glioma.

Materials and methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving BEV combined with TMZ in the treatment of glioma were searched using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted. The primary outcomes were overall survival time (OS) and progression-free survival time (PFS), and the secondary outcome was adverse events. Researchers conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 8 prospective RCTs of 3,039 cases were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that compared with TMZ alone, BEV combined with TMZ could significantly improve PFS, OS and complete remission rate (CR). A total of 6 studies reported related adverse events, mainly including thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia and fatigue. Combination therapy may have more adverse events but no serious consequences.

Conclusion

The combination of BEV and TMZ had a better therapeutic effect on glioblastoma, significantly prolonged the survival time of patients and improved the quality of life. However, some patients are afflicted with the adverse events of combination therapy, and subsequent studies should continue to conduct larger, multi-center RCTs to confirm the findings and explore in depth how to minimize and manage adverse events effectively.
EMG-YOLO: road crack detection algorithm for edge computing devices
Authors: Xing Yan , Han Xu , Pan Xiaodong , An Dong , Liu Weidong , Bai Yuanshen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Road cracks significantly shorten the service life of roads. Manual detection methods are inefficient and costly. The YOLOv5 model has made some progress in road crack detection. However, issues arise when deployed on edge computing devices. The main problem is that edge computing devices are directly connected to sensors. This results in the collection of noisy, poor-quality data. This problem adds computational burden to the model, potentially impacting its accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel road crack detection algorithm named EMG-YOLO.

Methods

First, an Efficient Decoupled Header is introduced in YOLOv5 to optimize the head structure. This approach separates the classification task from the localization task. Each task can then focus on learning its most relevant features. This significantly reduces the model’s computational resources and time. It also achieves faster convergence rates. Second, the IOU loss function in the model is upgraded to the MPDIOU loss function. This function works by minimizing the top-left and bottom-right point distances between the predicted bounding box and the actual labeled bounding box. The MPDIOU loss function addresses the complex computation and high computational burden of the current YOLOv5 model. Finally, the GCC3 module replaces the traditional convolution. It performs global context modeling with the input feature map to obtain global context information. This enhances the model’s detection capabilities on edge computing devices.

Results

Experimental results show that the improved model has better performance in all parameter indicators compared to current mainstream algorithms. The EMG-YOLO model improves the accuracy of the YOLOv5 model by 2.7%. The mAP (0.5) and mAP (0.9) are improved by 2.9% and 0.9%, respectively. The new algorithm also outperforms the YOLOv5 model in complex environments on edge computing devices.

Discussion

The EMG-YOLO algorithm proposed in this paper effectively addresses the issues of poor data quality and high computational burden on edge computing devices. This is achieved through optimizing the model head structure, upgrading the loss function, and introducing global context modeling. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency, especially in complex environments. Future research can further optimize this algorithm and explore more lightweight and efficient object detection models for edge computing devices.
Blunted midbrain reward activation during smoking withdrawal: a preliminary study
Authors: Conti A. A. , Tolomeo S. , Baldacchino A. , Steele J. D.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of death, causing more than six million deaths annually worldwide, mainly due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Many habitual smokers try to stop smoking but only about 7% are successful, despite widespread knowledge of the risks. Development of addiction to a range of substances is associated with progressive blunting of brain reward responses and sensitisation of stress responses, as described by the allostasis theory of addiction. There is pre-clinical evidence from rodents for a dramatic decrease in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal.

Methods

Here we tested the hypothesis that habitual smokers would also exhibit blunted reward function during nicotine withdrawal using a decision-making task and fMRI.

Results

Our findings supported this hypothesis, with midbrain reward-related responses particularly blunted. We also tested the hypothesis that smokers with a longer duration of smoking would have more pronounced abnormalities. Contrary to expectations, we found that a shorter duration of smoking in younger smokers was associated with the most marked abnormalities, with blunted midbrain reward related activation including the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area.

Discussion

Given the substantial mortality associated with smoking, and the small percent of people who manage to achieve sustained abstinence, further translational studies on nicotine addiction mechanisms are indicated.
CTHNet: a network for wheat ear counting with local-global features fusion based on hybrid architecture
Authors: Hong Qingqing , Liu Wei , Zhu Yue , Ren Tianyu , Shi Changrong , Lu Zhixin , Yang Yunqin , Deng Ruiting , Qian Jing , Tan Changwei
Published: July 2024

Accurate wheat ear counting is one of the key indicators for wheat phenotyping. Convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms for counting wheat have evolved into sophisticated tools, however because of the limitations of sensory fields, CNN is unable to simulate global context information, which has an impact on counting performance. In this study, we present a hybrid attention network (CTHNet) for wheat ear counting from RGB images that combines local features and global context information. On the one hand, to extract multi-scale local features, a convolutional neural network is built using the Cross Stage Partial framework. On the other hand, to acquire better global context information, tokenized image patches from convolutional neural network feature maps are encoded as input sequences using Pyramid Pooling Transformer. Then, the feature fusion module merges the local features with the global context information to significantly enhance the feature representation. The Global Wheat Head Detection Dataset and Wheat Ear Detection Dataset are used to assess the proposed model. There were 3.40 and 5.21 average absolute errors, respectively. The performance of the proposed model was significantly better than previous studies.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among long-term resettled Syrian refugees in Turkey: a comprehensive analysis of pre- and post-migratory factors
Authors: Yilmaz Ertan , Tamam Lut , Cengisiz Cengiz
Published: July 2024

Introduction

After the war in Syria, many people were forcibly displaced, and many others migrated to foreign countries. Many Syrians have been exposed to traumatic negative lifeexperiences during this process. In this context, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre- and post-migration traumatic experiences and living difficulties on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Syrian refugees who have been residing in Turkey for more than five years.

Methods

The sample size of this cross-sectional study consisted of 200 Syrian refugees. Research data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Refugees’ depression and anxiety levels were assessed with The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed with the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (PCL-5). Logistic regression models were created to assess the effects of pre- and post-migration traumas, adverse events, and other sociodemographic variables, including age and gender, on PTSD.

Results

The study unveiled a high prevalence of PTSD (55.5%), depression (33.5%), and anxiety(4.5%) among participants. Notably, male refugees and those exposed to armed conflict exhibited a significantly higher frequency of PTSD. In contrast, depression was more prevalent among female participants. Pre-migration traumatic experiences, especially near-death situations, were identified as significant predictors of PTSD. Interestingly, while pre-migration traumatic experiences were higher, post-migration living difficulties also emerged as a concern, with factorslike "inability to return home in emergencies" and "worries about losing ethnic identity" beinghighlighted. Path analysis further revealed that pre-migration traumatic experiences indirectly contributed to PTSD by exacerbating post-migration living difficulties.

Discussion

Syrian refugees in Turkey, even after long-term residence, exhibit high rates of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. While pre-migration traumas play a pivotal role, post-migration challenges further compound their mental health issues. These findings underscore the need for holistic, long-term mental health interventions that address both past traumas and current living difficulties.
Assessment of dietary supplementation of green iron oxide nanoparticles: impact on growth performance, ammonia emissions, carcass criteria, tissue iron content, and meat quality in broiler chickens under hot climate conditions
Authors: Almeldin Yousri A. R. , Eldlebshany Amira E. , Elkhalek Enass Abd , Lohakare Jayant , Abdel-Wareth Ahmed A. A.
Published: July 2024

Background

The potential significance and importance of green iron nanoparticles (Nano-Fe) in poultry production lie in their capability to effectively tackle iron deficiency in poultry. Iron, an indispensable mineral for numerous physiological functions in birds, such as oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and immune response, underscores the critical need for adequate iron levels. Nevertheless, conventional iron supplementation methods frequently face hurdles like limited bioavailability rates in poultry. To enhance performance, and promote sustainable broiler productivity, Nano-Fe showed promise as an efficient feed supplement for broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of green Nano-Fe inclusions in diets on growth, ammonia excretion, carcass criteria, and meat quality in broiler chickens.

Methods

A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks, were assigned to three treatment diets including Nano-Fe oxide at 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 42 days. Each treatment comprised eight replicates, each with eight broiler chicks. Two phases comprised the 42-day study (0 to 21 days for the starter and 21 to 42 days for the finisher).

Results

In comparison to the control group, the Nano-Fe oxide groups 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg linearly improved (p < 0.05) body weight (R2 = 0.574) and body weight gain (R2 = 0.367) under hot climatic conditions at 42 days of age. Furthermore, Nano-Fe oxide to broiler diets, improved (linear, p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (R2 = 0.424) throughout whole periods. The feed intake did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among groups during the experimental periods under hot climatic conditions. The ammonia content of excreta (R2 = 0.454) was linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing Nano-Fe oxide levels in broiler diets compared to control at 21 and 42 days of age under hot climatic conditions. Nano-Fe oxide positively influences cook loss, water-holding capacity, and iron content in various tissues. Moreover, it contributes to a healthier carcass yield and reduced abdominal fat.

Conclusion

In conclusion, broiler chickens fed diets containing Nano-Fe oxide at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg demonstrated enhanced growth performance, improved meat quality, increased iron content in tissues, higher dressing percentage, and reduced abdominal fat deposition. Future research should explore the impact of green Nano-Fe oxide on additional factors such as the microbiome and gene expression related to immunity and heat stress.
Rotary Tillage Plus Mechanical Transplanting Practices Increased Rice Yields with Lower CH4 Emission in a Single Cropping Rice System
Authors: Shi Linlin , Dong Linlin , Zhang Jun , Huang Jing , Shen Yuan , Tao Yueyue , Wang Haihou , Lu Changying
Published: July 2024

As the main contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) in paddy soil, information on methane (CH4) emission characteristics under different tillage and cultivation practices are limited. A five-year field trial was conducted from 2019 in a single-cropping rice system in Taihu Lake region, east of China. The experiment had a completely randomized block design, and the treatments included rotary tillage plus rice dry direct seeding (RD), rotary tillage plus rice mechanical transplanting (RT), and plowing tillage plus rice mechanical transplanting (PT). We determined the rice yield, GHG emission, soil traits, and methanogens and methanotrophs in 2022 and 2023. The results revealed that PT and RT significantly increased rice yield compared to RD, whereas PT simultaneously increased CH4 emissions. The year-averaged cumulative CH4 emissions in PT were increased by 38.5% and 61.4% higher than RT and RD, respectively. Meanwhile, yield-scaled global warming potentials (GWPs) in RT and RD were lower than those in PT. Tillage and cultivation practices shifted mcrA and pmoA abundances, and PT significantly decreased pmoA abundance. The community structure and diversity of the methanogens and methanotrophs were not significantly affected. Structural equation model analyses illustrated that CH4 emissions were regulated by mcrA and pmoA directly, which in turn, regulated by soil carbon and nitrogen. Overall, rotary tillage plus mechanism transplanting was a feasible agronomic technology in a single-cropping rice system in Taihu Lake region, exhibiting higher and more stable rice productivity, accompanied with lower CH4 emissions and yield-scaled GWP.
Research on the Control System for the Use of Biogas Slurry as Fertilizer
Authors: Jiang Yue , Zhang Yue , Li Hong , Li Hao , Yan Haijun , Xing Shouchen
Published: July 2024

Due to its rich nutritional composition, biogas slurry can serve as a special liquid fertilizer. However, the application of slurry in agricultural fields currently faces challenges such as reliance on skilled famers’ experience, low precision, and difficulty in accurately controlling the irrigation dosage. To address these issues, an agricultural biogas slurry mixing agricultural machinery and its system has been designed and developed with the aim of enhancing the precision and safety of slurry application. The structure of the device has been designed, filter components have been selected, and improvements have been made to the structure of traditional connectors. Taking into account factors such as soil and humidity, an algorithm based on biogas slurry conductivity for slurry mixing decisions and the feedback control mechanism has been designed. After assembling the prototype, experiments were conducted, and the results showed that after processing by the system, compared to the calculated theoretical optimum, the concentration error of each component in the mixed fertilizer was controlled within 10%, and the conductivity fluctuation range was within 5%. This indicates that the overall ratio accuracy and stability of the biogas slurry mixing system are high. The biogas slurry mixing agricultural machinery and its system provide a novel intelligent equipment solution for the precise application of slurry, effectively enhancing the accuracy and safety of slurry application, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers during agricultural irrigation, and minimizing pollution to the environment and soil.