bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Protection and Light Transmission Properties of a Cotton/Spandex Fabric Treated with TiO2 Extender Pigments
Authors: Farrell Matthew J. , Vandezande Gerald A.
Published: October 2015

UV protection is a key quality attribute for many consumer products such as sunscreens, paints, coatings, and textiles. One common UV protection mechanism, especially for sunscreens, uses metal oxides. Researchers have explored the use of metal oxides, in particular, TiO2 and ZnO, for their UV protection, antimicrobial efficacy, and self-cleaning properties on cotton specimens. This work examines whether three TiO2 extender pigments commonly used in the paints and coatings industry, calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, and barium sulfate, can impart UV-Vis opacity to a reactive dyed cotton/spandex knit fabric. Barium sulfate coatings were found to greatly improve dyed cotton/spandex fabric opacity in both the UV and visible light of the electromagnetic spectrum. Barium sulfate coatings yielded exceptional UV protection on dyed cotton/spandex fabric.
On the Design of Educational Conditional Cash Transfer Programs and Their Impact on Non-Education Outcomes: The Case of Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Cortés Darwin , Gallego Juan , Maldonado Darío
Published: October 2015

Using a simple model to characterize adolescents’ behavior, we show that the effect of educational Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs on teenage pregnancy depends on the limits and conditions of the programs. The model shows that when benefits are conditional on school success or when the program has a binding duration limit, the CCT reduces teenage pregnancy rates. Using original data, we estimate this relation for two different CCT programs implemented in Bogotá, Colombia. The two programs differ in that only one of them conditions benefit renewal on school success. The empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the model. Only the program that conditions renewal of the transfer, reduces average teenage pregnancy rates. We also find that, also consistent with our model, the other program reduces teenage pregnancy rates only for those girls for which the duration limit is binding.
A simple clot based assay for detection of procoagulant cell-derived microparticles
Authors: Patil Rucha , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Shetty Shrimati
Published: October 2015

Background:

Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are important biomarkers in many facets of medicine. However, the MP detection methods used till date are costly and time consuming. The main aim of this study was to standardize an in-house clot based screening method for MP detection which would not only be specific and sensitive, but also inexpensive.

Methods:

Four different methods of MP assessment were performed and the results correlated. Using the flow cytometry technique as the gold standard, 25 samples with normal phosphatidylserine (PS) expressing MP levels and 25 samples with elevated levels were selected, which was cross checked by the commercial STA Procoag PPL clotting time (CT) assay. A simple recalcification time and an in-house clot assay were the remaining two tests. The in-house test measures the CT after the addition of calcium chloride to MP rich plasma, following incubation with Russell viper venom and phospholipid free plasma.

Results:

The CT obtained by the in-house assay significantly correlated with the results obtained by flow cytometry (R

Conclusions:

Though preliminary, the in-house assay seems to be efficient, inexpensive and promising. It could definitely be utilized routinely for procoagulant MP assessment in various clinical settings.
TÜKETİCİLERİN ETNOSENTRİK EĞİLİMLERİNDE ROLÜ OLAN FAKTÖRLERİN ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ: KARS İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KERSE Yağmur , GELİBOLU Levent
Published: October 2015

Yabancı bir ürün satın almanın ahlaki açıdan uygunluğunun tüketiciler tarafından değerlendirilmesi olarak ifade edilebilen tüketici etnosentrizmi, satın alma tercihlerinin anlaşılabilmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, menşe ülke etkisi ve sosyo-psikolojik faktörlerden olan yabancı kültürlere açıklık, kolektivizm/bireycilik ve muhafazakârlığın tüketici etnosentrizmi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada, Kars ili kent merkezindeki tüketicilerden anket yoluyla veri toplanmış ve bu veriler SPSS 18 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlere göre menşe ülke etkisinin, kolektivistliğin ve muhafazakârlığın tüketici etnosentrizmi üzerinde etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
NÖROPAZARLAMA ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Ustaahmetoğlu Erol
Published: October 2015

Geleneksel araştırma yöntemleri tüketici davranışlarını doğru bir şekilde açıklama ve tahmin etmede bazı durumlarda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Pazarlama disiplini söz konusu eksikliği gidermek için teknolojideki yeni gelişmelerden yararlanma gayreti içindedir. Geleneksel yöntemlerle veri toplamada deneklerin uyarıcı ile karşılaştığında nasıl hissettiklerini ifade etmedeki yeterlilik ve isteklilikleri yöntemin başarısı üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Geleneksel yöntemlerde denekler çoğu zaman doğru cevabı hatırlayamaz, bilemez, bilse bile araştırmacıyı mutlu edecek cevaplar verirler. Geleneksel tekniklerde görülen zayıflık araştırmacıları daha doğru bir şekilde tüketici tepkilerini ölçmeye itmiştir. Tüketici tepkilerini doğru bir şekilde ölçmek için son yıllarda yoğun bir şekilde nöropazarlama tekniklerinin pazarlama alanında kullanılmaya başlandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Nöropazarlamanın pazarlama alanında yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmasına karşın yöntemin etkinliği üzerinde birtakım soru işaretleri vardır. Bu çalışmada genel olarak nöropazarlama ile ilgili genel değerlendirme, nöropazarlama tekniklerinin sunduğu fırsatlar ve geleceği, nöropazarlama tekniğine getirilen eleştiriler ve kısıtlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı nöro bilimin pazarlama ve tüketici davranışları üzerindeki uygulamalarının tarihsel gelişimini belirtmek, nöro bilimin geleceği içerdiği fırsat ve tehditleri ortaya koymaktır.
ÜRETİM YAPAN İŞLETMELERDE RANDIMAN ANALİZİ YOLUYLA DENETİM
Authors: Uzun Kocamış Tuğçe
Published: October 2015

Üretilen malların ve teknolojilerinin değişmesi ve gelişmesi üretim süreçlerini de etkilemektedir. Vergi matrahlarının gerçeğe uygun ve güvenilir tespitin yapılabilmesi için vergi idareleri bu gelişmeleri yakından takip etmek zorundadırlar. Bu bağlamda, randıman incelemesi, işletmenin verimliliğinin ortaya konması ve verimliliğin ölçülmesi, olması gereken ile olan arasında sebep-sonuç ilişkisi kurmaya çalışan bir vergi inceleme tekniğidir. Randıman ve fire incelemeleri öncelikle defter ve belgeler üzerinde yapılmaktadır. Farklılıkların ortaya çıkması durumunda idare res’sen tarh yoluna gidebilmektedir. Uygulamada bazı noktalarda sıkıntılar olduğu ve vergi mükelleflerinin standartlarının olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda vergi denetimi kavramı kapsamında stok denetimi ele alınmıştır. Randıman incelemesi tüm yönleriyle incelenerek konunun daha anlaşılabilir olmasının sağlanması için uygulamalara yer verilmiştir.
Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation acts as an epigenetic barrier in porcine nuclear reprogramming
Authors: Xie Bingteng , Zhang Heng , Wei Renyue , Li Qiannan , Weng Xiaogang , Kong Qingran , Liu Zhonghua
Published: October 2015

Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming is the main obstacle to the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos and the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which results in the low reprogramming efficiencies of SCNT and iPS. Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), as a repressive epigenetic mark, plays important roles in mammalian development and iPS induction. However, the reprogramming of H3K27me3 in pig remains elusive. In this study, we showed that H3K27me3 levels in porcine early cloned embryos were higher than that in IVF embryos. Then GSK126 and GSK-J4, two small molecule inhibitors of H3K27me3 methylase (EZH2) and demethylases (UTX/JMJD3), were used to regulate the H3K27me3 level. The results showed that H3K27me3 level was reduced in cloned embryos after treatment of PEF with 0.75 μM GSK126 for 48 h, incubation of one-cell reconstructed oocytes with 0.1 μM GSK126 and injection of antibody for EZH2 into oocyte. Meanwhile, the development of the cloned embryos was significantly improved after these treatments. On the contrary, GSK-J4 treatment increased the H3K27me3 level in cloned embryos and decreased the cloned embryonic development. Furthermore, iPS efficiency was both increased after reducing the H3K27me3 level in donor cells and in early reprogramming phase. In summary, our results suggest that H3K27me3 acts as an epigenetic barrier in SCNT and iPS reprogramming, and reduction of H3K27me3 level in donor cells and in early reprogramming phase can enhance both porcine SCNT and iPS efficiency.
Invasion Risk in a Warmer World: Modeling Range Expansion and Habitat Preferences of Three Nonnative Aquatic Invasive Plants
Authors: Koncki Natalie G. , Aronson Myla F. J.
Published: October 2015

Biological invasions and climate change pose two of the most important challenges facing global biodiversity. Of particular importance are aquatic invasive plants, which have caused extensive economic and environmental impacts by drastically altering native biodiversity and ecosystem services of freshwater wetlands. Here, we used the maximum entropy model, Maxent, to model the potential range expansion of three nonnative aquatic invasive plants: alligatorweed, limnophila, and giant salvinia, throughout the continental United States under current, 2030 to 2059 (2040), and 2070 to 2099 (2080) climate scenarios. Maxent is a popular method to model predicted current and future species distributions based on biogeography and climate. Alligatorweed, limnophila, and giant salvinia are noxious invaders of freshwater habitats in the southeastern United States and cause economic and ecological loss. In addition, we analyzed each species' habitat preference based on wetland type, occurrence in man-made habitats, and distance to the nearest stream to better understand what future habitats are at risk and how these species spread. Our results show that in 2040 and 2080 climate scenarios, all three species have the potential to increase their range throughout the northeastern United States and as far as New York and Massachusetts. The spatial distribution of alligatorweed was primarily determined by precipitation of the warmest quarter (15.8%), limnophila was primarily determined by precipitation of the warmest quarter (52.2%) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (21.8%), and giant salvinia was primarily determined by the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (24.3%). All three species were found significantly more frequently in lakes and ponds than in other freshwater habits. Giant salvinia was found significantly more often in man-made wetland habitats. In order to reduce the detrimental impacts of these species, land managers in the northeastern United States should concentrate early detection and rapid response management in lakes, ponds and man-made wetland habitats.
Functional Human Podocytes Generated in Organoids from Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
Authors: Xinaris Christodoulos , Benedetti Valentina , Novelli Rubina , Abbate Mauro , Rizzo Paola , Conti Sara , Tomasoni Susanna , Corna Daniela , Pozzobon Michela , Cavallotti Daniela , Yokoo Takashi , Morigi Marina , Benigni Ariela , Remuzzi Giuseppe
Published: October 2015

Generating kidney organoids using human stem cells could offer promising prospects for research and therapeutic purposes. However, no cell-based strategy has generated nephrons displaying an intact three-dimensional epithelial filtering barrier. Here, we generated organoids using murine embryonic kidney cells, and documented that these tissues recapitulated the complex three-dimensional filtering structure of glomerular slits in vivo and accomplished selective glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. Exploiting this technology, we mixed human amniotic fluid stem cells with mouse embryonic kidney cells to establish three-dimensional chimeric organoids that engrafted in vivo and grew to form vascularized glomeruli and tubular structures. Human cells contributed to the formation of glomerular structures, differentiated into podocytes with slit diaphragms, and internalized exogenously infused BSA, thus attaining in vivo degrees of specialization and function unprecedented for donor stem cells. In conclusion, human amniotic fluid stem cell chimeric organoids may offer new paths for studying renal development and human podocyte disease, and for facilitating drug discovery and translational research.
PANCREATIC STEATOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE EVALUATED BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Authors: Andrade Luis Jesuino De Oliveira , Guimarães Laryssa Rocha , Fernandes Cadete Raissa Brito , Sodré Hudson Sá , Santana de Melo Paulo Roberto , Conrado de Souza Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Pancreatic steatosis (PS) is the fatty replacement of pancreatic parenchyma, being often associated with obesity and aging. Similar to this condition in pancreas, any excessive lipidic deposition in the liver tissue are referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective: The objective of this study was to explore associations between PS and the NAFLD grade, as evaluated by ultrasonography. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Diagnosis of the PS and NAFLD was based on ultrasound findings, and 576 ultrasonography exams were evaluated. The chi-square test was used for evaluation of the relationship between PS and NAFLD. Results: A total of 576 individuals were included, 217 (or 37.7%) were male and 359 (or 62.3%) were female. The median age of the patients was 47.04 (11.8) years-old (mean ± standard error). Among them, 243 were diagnosed with PS and 245 were diagnosed with NAFLD according to the trans-abdominal ultrasound findings. There was an association between male sex and PS (P 0.012), and between female sex and NAFLD (P 0.0001). As compared to the normal group, the PS and NAFLD group was characterized by a significantly higher median age. There was also a statistically significant association between the degree of PS and the degree of NAFLD, with the following characteristics: mild PS and mild NAFLD (P 0.0001), moderate PS and moderate and severe NAFLD (P 0.0001) and between severe PS and moderate and severe NAFLD (P 0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that fat accumulation in pancreas is significantly correlated to NAFLD. It was also shown that the ultrasound is very resourceful when it comes evaluation of fat grade.
Selection strategy for milling parts on CNC Machines
Authors: Zalewski Adam , Sobieski Sergiusz
Published: October 2015

Practical knowledge and experience of engineers, CNC programmers, operators related to the implementation of production tasks in the workshop are essential. Every day, developed, perfected for companies specialty, “technological knowledge base “, is a specific, dedicated to the particular conditions of the key to success – the “know -how “in the concrete conditions of production. This knowledge can be relatively easily processed and developed, in particular with regard to the development of technology in the CAM. Additionally subjected to simulation analysis allows comparison of different strategies and variations of part in the design of technology. Several years of authors experience in the analysis of the work ‘s CAM systems in many companies has enabled the formulation of universal principles of numerical simulations that take into account the individual characteristics of the workpiece and the specificity of the selected CNC machine with accessories. Conducted research on the production based on Catia V5 program and Mastercam X6 confirmed the validity of this approach and helped to correcting some of the assumptions developed algorithm.
Open for the future. More customization for ZEISS O-INSPECT
Authors: Fischer Martin , Balle Bernd
Published: October 2015

The new ZEISS O-INSPECT family provides even more flexibility than before: users can now choose between several machine sizes and configurations of the multisensor measuring machine and various options. For example, they can integrate or retrofit a chromatic focus sensor as needed. In addition to numerous customization options, the new product family also features considerably higher dynamics.
Integrated CAM for SolidWorks
Authors: Dickin Peter
Published: October 2015

A series of improvements of the Delcam for SolidWorks integrated CAM system has been presented.
AL-LUGHOH AL’ARABIYAH BAINA FASHI WAL AMIYAH
Authors: Muslimin Imam
Published: October 2015

Fungsi bahasa paling utama adalah sebagai alat komunikasi antar pemakai bahasa itu sendiri. Bahasa dapat dibedakan menjadi  dua macam, bahasa lisan (manthuq) dan bahasa tulis (maktub). Dengan bahasa, seseorang bisa mengungkapkan perasaan dan keinginannya baik dalam bentuk lisan maupun tulisan. Bahasa Arab yang digunakan bangsa Arab di Jazirah Arabiyah sejak dahulu kala adalah bahasa Semit (Syamiyah) dan bahasa Arab-Semit itu kini telah mendominasi di hampir semua pengguna bahasa Arab. Padahal, di lihat dari aspek sejarah dan rumpun bahasa, bahasa Arab telah memiliki aneka ragam bahasa dan bukan hanya sebatas bahasa Arab-Semit. Tulisan ini mengungkap tentang factor punahnya bahasa Arab Non-Semit yang kini bahasa Arab hanya dibedakan menjadi bahasa Arab Fushah (resmi) dan Amiyah (pasaran)
MUSYTAQ DALAM BAHASA ARAB; ANALISIS FILOSOFIS MENURUT M. SYAHRUR
Authors: Chamzawi Dr.
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses the base forms of Arabic words in Syahrur’s perspective. Syahrur argues that the base forms of Arabic words result from fi’il amr (imperative form), not from fi’il madhi (past tense form) as what Ulama’s Kufah stated, and also not from isim mashdar as what Ulama’ Bashrah argued. Syahrur’s opinion cannot be separated from his philosophy concerning the fact that Moslems have still left behind by the other religious communities.
AL-’ILMU BIL LUGHOTUL AL’ARABIYAH DHORUROH ’AQIDIYAH LIMUHATI AL-ALAMIYAH ’AN MAKANATIL LUGHOH FI DIN
Authors: Smer Zed Bin
Published: October 2015

Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi yang digunakan manusia untuk berinteraksi dengan sesamanya. Bahasa juga digunakan sebagai sarana pembawa risalah samawi. Islam datang kepada umat manusia dengan menggunakan bahasa Arab.  Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa agama, maka untuk mengkaji Islam secara mendalam sangat dibutuhkan pengetahuan tentang bahasa Arab. Banyak tantangan yang dihadapi oleh bahasa Arab dalam sejarah perjalanannya, namun ia tetap tegar dan sekaligus mampu membuktikan akan eksistensinya sebagai bahasa wahyu. Dengan mengkaji beberapa leteratur klasik dan modern yang tertuang dalam tulisan ini, diharapkan kita akan mengetahui eksistensi bahasa Arab dan sejarah perjalanannya dengan berbagai rintangan yang dihadapi serta urgensinya.Dari tulisan ini didapatkan bahwa bahasa Arab ternyata tidak sebatas bahasa wahyu, namun juga bahasa politik, budaya, ekonomi dan bahasa ilmu pengetahuan yang layak untuk dikaji.
NARASI CINTA DAN KEINDAHAN DALAM BAHASA SUFI IBN ARABI
Authors: Kholil Ahmad
Published: October 2015

Ibn Arabi is the type of the mystical-muslim philosophy. He was known as the founder of an idea “wahdat al-wujud”, and his theory explained that cosmos was created by God from its one-necleus. So, in spite of its external aspects different and has variations, its essence just one. It mind there is God attribut in cosmos, and God is the essence of its share. The common of mystical muslim coveted the “kasyf” to understand Him, The Great Unity, God. In this case, Ibn Arabi connected it and love. Love, Ibn Arabi said, had to come into existence becaose of “jamal”, the beaty which God-loved and “ihsan”, the beautiful attitude to reach love of God.
PESANTREN TRADISIONAL; AKAR PENYEBARAN ISLAM DAN BAHASA ARAB DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fauzi Moch. Sony
Published: October 2015

Traditional “pesantren” is the oldest education institution in Indonesia, in which student or santri studies many important materials in Islamic studies such as : Tauhid, Fiqh, and Tasawwuf. Arabic language as the language of the two main references in Islam, Quran and Hadith,  and other classical reference in Islam is also  the main object of study in Pesantren  because of its importance as a means for understanding the references. The Arabic language is studied deeply especially in the aspect of grammar (qawaid). For this reason, pesantren is not only the center of Islamic studies but also the root of Arabic language in Indonesia.
KARAKTERISTIK NUHAT KUFAH DAN BASHRAH
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan
Published: October 2015

Nahwu have an important position for study literatures which written by Arabic. That is why it set in context. Arranged for the first time by Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali with the instruction and agreement of Ali R.A. In first, nahwu was born in  Bashrah, the great city and the complete metropolis, made illustrious by Sibawaih and al-Khalil b. Ahmad in Particular, occurred still in this city. Than, nahwu became depeloved and expanded to various city like Kufah, Baghdad, Mesir, and Andalusia.
APRESIASI SASTRA ISLAMI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono
Published: October 2015

The current situation of Islamic literature in Indonesia shows significant and important development in relation to testhelic, thematic, market, society, publising industry and literary writing. This trend shows that Islamic literature in Indonesia groun well and covers wide readers from various levels. Literary apprecation from society especially from academic members of PTAI (Islamic Higher Education Institution) is needed to make Islamic literature exits quantitatively and qualitatively. The development of Islamic literature is integral part of  Islamic civilization development.
MEMAHAMI KARAKTERISTIK BAHASA AL-QUR`AN DALAM PERSPEKTIF BALAGHIYAH
Authors: Mustamar Marzuki
Published: October 2015

The nature of language is to express that someone exists, or in other word, expressing the existence. Through the revelation Allah introduces his existence to the creature. It can also be seen from the qudsi hadists  popular among the sufi. It is said that Dawud asked to Allah, why do you create the creature? Allah answered, “I am the hidden hemisphere and I want to be known. For that reason I create the creatures so that I am known”.
LINTASAN SEJARAH INDONESIA DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL SUPARTO BRATA
Authors: Sungkowati Yulitin
Published: October 2015

This writing is aimed to discuss about Indonesian history that is described and interpreted by Suparto Brata in his novels, written in Indonesian and Javanese, mainly Sala Lelimengan (1965), Surabaya Tumpah Darahku (1978), November Merah (1984), Kremil (2002), Saksi Mata (2002), Donyane Wong Culika (2004), Gadis Tangsi (2004), Mencari Sarang Angin (2005), Kerajaan Raminem (2005), Dom Sumurup ing Banyu (2006), and Mahligai di Ufuk Timur (2007). The course of Indonesian history in the novels ranges from Dutch colonialism era up to new sociopolitical order era. If the formal history records famous person only (usually men only), the history of Suparto Brata’s version presents the role and struggle of people from various social class, profession, gender, age, and the victims of Indonesian regime all with its humanistic perspective. Indonesian history is interpreted as the struggle against stupidity and betrayal of people who didn’t learn from the past. The choice of using historical subject can be read and interpreted as an effort of the writer to question and ask readers to understand and appreciate the history of their nation as a meaningful thing, a valuable lesson for a better future.
ASTP: MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ASING BAGI MILITER
Authors: Nasution A. Sayuti Anshari
Published: October 2015

The United States Army during the Second World War stunned the education world with their foreign language teaching experience. Their program that is called “The Army Specialized Training Program” (ASTP) was able to successfully train many participants with a very high success rate. Dr. Hamada Ibrahim, a professor in foreign languages at Cairo University, Egypt, described the “ASTP” as the most immense and successful program of learning foreign language in the history. The US Army foreign language program encompasses the background for the emergence of this program, a general picture of the program, the teaching subjects as well as the teaching techniques.
ASPEK BAHASA SEBAGAI PEMBEDA ANTARA KEMU'JIZATAN AL-QUR’AN DAN BUKTI-BUKTI KEBENARANNYA
Authors: Baihaqi Yusuf
Published: October 2015

There is ambiguity in identifying the aspects of al-Qur’an miracles, that is caused by no clear difference in understanding the aspects of al-Qur’an miracles and the justification. To understand those two aspects, the aspect that makes al-Qur’an as a holy script that have miracles and the aspect that justify that al-Qur’an is from Allah swt, there is an important step so that we will not be entrapped in the ambiguity. In addition, there is a difference among the ulama (Islamic scholars) in formulating the aspects of miracle in al-Qur’an. This is a difference emerging at the early generation of Islamic development. Along the history, the difference is more and more varied. Language aspect is the only aspect that makes al -Qur’an as a holy script having miracle. While the content of al -Qur’an such as the news of ghaib, law completeness, and Allah’s miracle spread in the universe has no relationship with the challenge implied to the miracle, instead the miracle in the content of al-Qur’an as part of the proof justifying that al-Qur’an is from Allah swt.
SALING PENGERTIAN ANTAR DIALEK BAHASA KAILI DI LEMBAH PALU
Authors: Nur Yunidar
Published: October 2015

Mutual understanding among dialects is one of the aspects in research of comprehensive sociolinguistic. Assessment of mutual understanding shows how speakers from certain dialect or language society understand other dialect. This study focuses on examination of how far the speakers of four local dialect in Palu valley have interaction. These four dialects are Ledo, Da’a, Unde, and Rai. A sample of 20 people were surveyed representing each of four persons from society leaders, head of families, mothers, teenagers, and children. The results indicate that dialectal speakers of Ledo is 29,7%, Da'a is 37,26%, Unde is 40,14%, and Rai is 31,02% using Kaili language in various daily association domain. Congeniality to vernacular alone for adult circle is still very high. However younger people have less understanding of which there are about 80%. Difference mutual understanding between dialect interchangeably is not evident as shown by only 10% of the difference. Thus, it seems that there is good mutual understanding between speakers of four dialects of Kaili’s language. Ledo dialect seems to have higher level of understanding, this is not a suprising as Ledo is situated in the middle of the Palu Valley.
QIROAH FII AAFAAQ MUSHTHALAHAY AL-THAB’I WA AL-SHAN’I FII AL-NAQD AL-’ARABY AL-QADIIM
Authors: Al-Dakeel Muhammad Majid
Published: October 2015

Seemingly, the classic Arab criticism experienced terminology crisis. Besides the word-meaning balance, our critics seized upon dichotomization in the poetry theory, with many arguments were about the two terms of (tab') temper and (takaluf) pretense with no specific meaning being given to each. Our classic critics have been using multiple terms to suggest such dichotomy. For example, to indicate improved and cultured poetry, they have been using such terms as (takaluf, sana'a, mataskalaf, matakalif, sani'). However, for term temper our classic critics typically used numerous synonymous words which, in fact, indicated the same meaning. Such terms as temper, innate, genius, talent, disposition, wittiness, and intuition are all represent poetical faculty, or poetical energy of a poet. Despite diversified, such dichotomous criticism terms are synonymous; a poet, for instance, should already have the inspiration and poetical faculty in order to compose poetry. Only then and next to temper comes assuming (sana'a) and pretending (takaluf) by a poet in an effort to produce improved and reviewed poetry which reflect development of a community.
Keywords: Mushthalahah, Thab’i, Shan’i , Naqd
STUDENT AS RESEARCHER: ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS ON INTERCULTURAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION COURSE
Authors: Wahyudi Ribut
Published: October 2015

Context awareness in tertiary education is a crucial aspect. This awareness should be perceived by university students to maximize their academic potentials. In so doing, this mini research employs context analysis about: text, the purpose of text, the setting of text, the audience of text, the relationship between reader and writer, the expectations and conventions and the requirements of texts, shared values, background knowledge and understanding of text, intertextuality, the tone of text, assessment criteria followed by intercommunication of discourse community as proposed by Johns (1997). The context analysis on the disciplinary assignment through the active role of students as researcher is necessary. This would sensitize students what to do and what not to do in the learning activities. Furthermore, being well-informed on ethnographic writing, the study of academic practices in the university, is salient. This can be done, one of them, through the interview with the lecturer of a specific course as well as to some extent negotiate the academic practices. This positions the students as an active agent in learning.
Keywords: Student as Researcher, Context Analysis, Ethnographic Writing, Genre
THE ROLE OF TEACHER’S CULTURAL EXPOSURE ON INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS’ INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Authors: Siregar Fenty Linda
Published: October 2015

A number of researchers argue that attaining intercultural communicative competence (ICC) should become the goal of every EFL and ESL learners (Bryam, 1997, and Alptekin, 2002). Shin (2010) states that helping the learners to develop their intercultural sensitivity (IS) can be a starting point for improving their ICC in English. Besides, teachers’ cultural exposure might play an important role to develop learners’ IS. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the role of teachers’ cultural exposures on intercultural sensitivity of EFL students. The participants of the study are 160 Indonesian EFL learners who are studying English at either English department or D3 English programme at Maranatha Christian University. In order to gather data needed, the present study employed a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire containing 12 questions about teacher’s cultural exposures and 24 questions taken from the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) which was formulated by G. M. Chen and Starosta (2000). Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and a Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis were used to answer the questions raised in the study. The findings of the study revealed that the participants had a moderate intercultural sensitivity level and received more exposures of native English speakers’ cultures than exposures of non- native English speaker’s and Indonesian cultures from their teachers. There was also no correlation found between the intercultural sensitivity level of the participants and teachers’ cultural exposures. The positive correlation was only shown in the correlation between teachers’ cultural exposures and a variable of IS which is participants’ interaction engagement.
Keywords: Intercultural, Sensitivity, Cultural, Exposures
AL-TARAKIIB AL-‘ARABIYYAH AL-MUSTA’MALAH FII AL-LUGHAH AL-INDUUNISIYYAH: ‘ADDADUHA WA ANWAA’UHA WA KHASHAAISHUHAA
Authors: Lubis Torkis
Published: October 2015

This article describes Arabic phrase and sentence adopted from Bahasa Indonesia to answer three main questions on language absorption, mainly:  how many Arabic phrase and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia? What kind of Arabic phrases and sentences adopted in  Bahasa Indonesia? What are the changes in the Arabic phrases and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia? This is a library research by collecting all the Arabic phrases and sentences  found in Bahasa Indonesia compiled in the main resources, “Kamus Bahasa Indonesia Kontemporer” by Drs. Peter Salim and Yenny Salim, books on religion, literature, magazine, newspaper, speech in Bahasa Indonesia and conversation among speaker of  Bahasa Indonesia as the secondary resource. The finding of research says that the number of Arabic phrase and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia is 505 phrases or idiomatic sentences.  The phrases and sentences have been adjusted in three aspects, mainly: phonetic, syntactical  and semantic.
Keywords: Tarakiib, Ta’tsiir, Al-Lughah Al-Indunisiyyah
QASAM DALAM AL-QUR’AN (SUATU TINJAUAN USLUB NAHWIYYAH)
Authors: Amir Amir
Published: October 2015

Qasam is one of Arab’s habitation to communicate and  for making sure with the others. Because that, al-Qur’an Comes to Arab’s surrounding  and also in Arabic language, so that Allah swt. Use the  Qasam to celebrate and socialization His Kalam or al-Qur’an. In this research consists of two  problems, the first how the substance of the Qasam in the al-Qur’an, the second how the style of Qasam inArabic or Nahwu In order to solve these problems, the researcher collected data from many sources needed.This research the writer use qualitative research, and also include the data through the library research.
BENTUK REPETISI LINGUISTIK DALAM AL-QURAN
Authors: Faizi Nur , Hadi Syamsul , Thoyyib Thoyyib
Published: October 2015

This study discusses the linguistic forms of repetition that occurs in the Koran. Although there has been much study of repetition (takrâr) in the Koran, this study differs from previous studies because this study is a comprehensive linguistic research in the general frame. This makes the study of the Koran as meterial object on the basis of the Koran is a text language that includes various forms of repetitions (reps). By descriptive-qualitative method, repetition is studied in hierarchical linguistic units contained in the general linguistic forms which includes: the phonological repetition, grammatical repetition, and thematic repetition. This study also shows the types of repetition. The study found the type of phonological repetition include: rhyme, alliteration, assonance; the type of grammatical repetition include: reduplication, repetition of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and syntax repetition (parallelism); the type of thematic repetition includes paraphrasing.
PROMOTING STUDENTS’ AUTONOMOUS LEARNING THROUGH ICT BASED LEARNING IN ICP: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Budianto Langgeng
Published: October 2015

Promoting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into teaching and learning is a growing area that has attracted many educators’ efforts in recent years. Based on the scope of content covered, ICT integration can happen in three different areas: curriculum, topic, and lesson. The evolution of the ICT has changed the way student or individual learns and communicates. It has created a global social network, where everyone is connected, either directly or indirectly, to each other, especially in exchanging, sharing and learning autonomously. This study attemptted to delineate how the students of International Class Program (ICP) at the Faculty of Islamic Education, handle the use of online sources. The students of ICP were selected as the informant. For eliciting information; observation and interview are used in this study. Data are collected by mean of interview guide and field notes. There are 18 students in ICP class. However for the purpose of the study, the researcher selected only three students to participate in the study. The results indicated that three respondents felt positive about using internet to perform task learning experience compared to their experiences in the regular class.
PESANTREN LITERATURE IN INDONESIAN LITERATURE CONSTELLATION
Authors: Muniroch Sri
Published: October 2015

Pesantren literature challenges an issue of confession and acceptance in Indonesian literature. Questions on pesantren literature are concerned with the existence and literary quality of the works included in the category of pesantren literature. The important question is whether the works have literary uniqueness as specific genre that can be distinguished from other kinds of literary works. This article will not identify the literary quality of pesantren literature but tries to discuss the existence of pesantren literature among other Indonesian literary works. The discussion is expected to give an alternative perspective on the position of pesantren literature in the whole constellation of Indonesian literature.
Aligning restoration science and the law to sustain ecological infrastructure for the future
Authors: Palmer Margaret A , Ruhl JB
Published: October 2015

Ecological restoration as grounded in modern science is based on a systems perspective – it seeks to recover ecological systems characteristic of past or least‐disturbed contemporary landscapes. This requires recovery of organisms along with the ecosystem features and dynamic processes that support them. Since self‐sustainability is the goal, it also requires a landscape and environmental context that supports recovery of the system. As restoration becomes more widely practiced, so too are many specialized forms of environmental intervention, such as those associated with reducing the impacts of development, promoting recovery of endangered species, and achieving compensatory mitigation. These may be valuable and may also be informed by ecological science but they differ substantially from ecological restoration because they are not necessarily focused on recovery of a self‐sustaining living system characteristic of past or least‐disturbed landscapes. The US legal system has failed to make this distinction. Federal statutes do not explicitly define restoration and in fact do little to constrain or even guide this process; if this is not rectified, net ecological losses will continue to occur. Scientists and policy makers can add precision to the use and practice of ecological restoration and other, more specialized forms of restoration, to ensure a future that can support ecosystems and the people that depend on them.
Coastal infrastructure: a typology for the next century of adaptation to sea‐level rise
Authors: Hill Kristina
Published: October 2015

Categorizing the choices in coastal infrastructure that are available to policy makers will allow for comparisons of their potential impacts on ecosystems and of their value in preparation for long‐term sea‐level rise. Although similar approaches have been described elsewhere in different policy contexts, this article focuses on evaluating physical infrastructure types – including hybrid structures that combine landforms with concrete and steel elements –based on historical differences in engineering practices. Such structures can be optimized for different phases of coastal adaptation and can provide multiple benefits (eg supporting ecosystems as well as minimizing flooding in coastal cities). Key factors in a geomorphological, ecological, and land‐use context must be taken into account when selecting various infrastructure strategies, to ensure that they function as intended. The San Francisco Bay region provides an example of how this typology can be applied to help policy makers choose more successful strategies as coastal areas plan for sea‐level rise.
Drought‐Tolerant Corn Hybrid and Relative Maturity Yield Response to Plant Population and Planting Date
Authors: Lindsey Alexander J. , Thomison Peter R.
Published: October 2015

Non‐transgenic drought‐tolerant (Tol) corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids may be a tool to help growers manage for precipitation variability during the growing season. However, there is little agronomic research on these hybrids in the eastern U.S. Corn Belt. A field study was conducted from 2012 to 2014 at three Ohio locations (Hoytville, South Charleston, and Wooster) to investigate the yield response of two Tol hybrids compared to two conventional (Con) hybrids of similar relative maturity at five populations (59,000; 74,000; 89,000; 104,000; and 124,000 plants ha−1) planted in May and June. The agronomic optimum plant population (AOPP) to produce maximum yield (AOMY) and the economic optimum plant population (EOPP) to maximize yield (EOMY) were determined using a quadratic‐plus‐plateau model for Tol and Con hybrids as well as maturity group (short‐season and full‐season). Across all locations and hybrids, delayed planting resulted in an increase in AOPP compared to the May planting by 1300 plants ha−1, but EOPP decreased by 3100 plants ha−1. The drought‐tolerant hybrids produced greater AOMY at lower AOPP compared to the conventional hybrids when planted in May, but typically exhibited lower AOMY at lower AOPP when planting was delayed until June. In environments with Con hybrid yield less than 12.2 Mg ha−1, a yield advantage was observed from planting a Tol hybrid. However, above this yield level Con hybrids produced greater yield than Tol hybrids. Short‐season hybrids had a greater AOPP and lower AOMY as compared to full‐season hybrids regardless of plant date.
Cover Crop Effect on Subsequent Wheat Yield in the Central Great Plains
Authors: Nielsen David C. , Lyon Drew J. , Higgins Robert K. , Hergert Gary W. , Holman Johnathon D. , Vigil Merle F.
Published: October 2015

Crop production systems in the water‐limited environment of the semiarid central Great Plains may not have potential to profitably use cover crops because of lowered subsequent wheat (Triticum asestivum L.) yields following the cover crop. Mixtures have reportedly shown less yield‐reducing effects on subsequent crops than single‐species plantings. This study was conducted to determine winter wheat yields following both mixtures and single‐species plantings of spring‐planted cover crops. The study was conducted at Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE, during the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 wheat growing seasons under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Precipitation storage efficiency before wheat planting, wheat water use, biomass, and yield were measured and water use efficiency and harvest index were calculated for wheat following four single‐species cover crops (flax [Linum usitatissimum L.], oat [Avena sativa L.], pea [Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir], rapeseed [Brassica napus L.]), a 10‐species mixture, and a fallow treatment with proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) residue. There was an average 10% reduction in wheat yield following a cover crop compared with following fallow, regardless of whether the cover crop was grown in a mixture or in a single‐species planting. Yield reductions were greater under drier conditions. The slope of the wheat water use–yield relationship was not significantly different for wheat following the mixture (11.80 kg ha−1 mm−1) than for wheat following single‐species plantings (12.32–13.57 kg ha−1 mm−1). The greater expense associated with a cover crop mixture compared with a single species is not justified.
Evaluation of the 2012 Drought with a Newly Established National Soil Monitoring Network
Authors: Bell Jesse E. , Leeper Ronald D. , Palecki Michael A. , Coopersmith Evan , Wilson Tim , Bilotta Rocky , Embler Scott
Published: October 2015

Core Ideas

New US soil moisture network provides new opportunity to evaluate drought

Soil moisture at deeper depths did not fully recover from the 2012 drought in 2013

Soil moisture varied by region in the response to drought

The NOAA United States Climate Reference Network (USCRN) deployed soil moisture sensors during 2009 to 2011 to monitor the temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture at 114 locations in the contiguous United States. These new soil observations will enhance our understanding of changing soil conditions for better drought monitoring. One year after full deployment of the network, a large drought occurred across most of the United States and provided an opportunity to evaluate the utility of this network for drought monitoring. The soil moisture signal of the 2012 drought in the continental United States was detected nationally at all observational depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm), with an overall 11.07% decrease from the average of the 2011 to 2013 summers. The top three depths (5, 10, and 20 cm) experienced the largest decrease in soil moisture. Although 2013 national precipitation totals returned to normal values and national soil moisture levels recovered from the 2012 drought, the national average soil moisture concentrations combined at the 50‐ and 100‐cm depths remained around 18% below pre‐drought levels. Regional analysis of the 2012 drought identified that the Upper Midwest, Northeast, Northern Rockies and Plains, and Ohio Valley climate regions were most impacted and demonstrated a temporal pattern similar to the national analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of using USCRN for monitoring national soil moisture conditions, assessing droughts, and tracking climate change with time.
Multifractal Analysis of Vertical Profiles of Soil Penetration Resistance at Varying Water Contents
Authors: Wilson Marcelo G. , Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Lado Marcos , Paz-González Antonio
Published: October 2015

The objective of this work was to characterize the scaling properties of depth‐dependent penetration resistance (PR) profiles using multifractal analyses and to explore the effects of increasing soil water deficit on the scaling heterogeneity of the studied data series. Soil PR was recorded at 11 successive dates with decreasing soil water content on a Mollisol (Argiudoll) from Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. For each date, 10 replicated PR vertical profiles were measured every centimeter from 0 to 80 cm. Both singularity and Rènyi spectra showed that all PR datasets exhibited a well‐defined multifractal structure, so that the multifractal approach provided considerable detailed information on their depth‐dependent structure. The entropy dimension, D1, significantly (P < 0.05) increased with decreasing soil water content, and its mean values ranged from 0.976 to 0.981. Therefore, the drier the soil, the more the homogeneity and evenness of the PR depth‐dependent profiles. Moreover, the amplitude of the branches of the Rényi and singularity spectra accounting for the most positive statistical moments, [0, 5], significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increased soil water deficit. However, for the most negative counterparts, [0, −5], these amplitudes tended to increase, although not significantly. Subsequently, increasing soil dryness increased the homogeneity of the highest PR values, but had no significant effect on the homogeneity of the lowest PR values. The multifractal approach was useful to characterize changes in inner structure, heterogeneity, and evenness of PR vertical profiles over a period with increasing soil water deficit.
Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48
Authors: Zhixi Zhao , Zhang Liming , Chen Ping , Kun Yan
Published: October 2015

Mesoporous sieves MCM-48 with hetero atom were synthesized by adding aluminum and titanium sources
through hydrothermal method. The results showed that MCM-48 could be synthesized respectively by adjusting exactly
the alkalinity of synthesis gel. The conversion rate of DIPB on Al-MCM-48 increased to 80% after 9 h and the selectivity
of IPB was 97%. The conversion rate of styrene on Ti-MCM-48 increased to 9% after 8 h and the selectivity of
benzaldehyde was 85%. The available active sites, which were introduced by aluminum and titanium atoms, were
effectively utilized for catalyst reaction due to the presence of mesopores in Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48.