bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Nano DAP and Zn EDTA on Cowpea Growth and Yield
Authors: V. Balachandrakumar , Sowmiya K. , Shofiya M. , Gopika K. , Nithika M.
Published: May 2024

Pulses are gaining more important position in Indian Agriculture.But the average productivity of pulses (764 kg ha-1) is much less productive than the global average (848 kg ha-1).To increase its productivity application of important fertiliser to cowpeas during their critical growth stages is aeffective strategy to enhance their yield. Especially smart fertilizers like Nano Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Zinc Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (Zn EDTA) are very helpful in that.  Therefore, the field experiment was done in the dairy Farm, School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu during January 2024 to March2024 to assess the impact of Nano DAP and Zn EDTA on growth and yield of cowpea. It was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments under three replications. Among the different treatments, Recommended Dosage of Fertilizers (RDF) 50% Phosphorus, 100% Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) + Seed treatment and two foliar sprays of 0.2% of Nano Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP)+ Foliar spray of 3% Zinc Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (Zn EDTA)(T7) achieved supremely improved growth parameters like plant height, no.of branches per plant, leaf area index, dry matter production, and yield attributes viz., pod length, no.of pods per plant , no.of seeds per pod and test weight . Further it recorded a higher seed yield,haulm yield and harvest index. The minimum value was recorded under control treatment (T1).Experimental results clearly revealed that RDF 50% P, 100% NK + Seed treatment and two foliar sprays of 0.2% of Nano DAP + Foliar spray of 3% Zn EDTA(T7)  has recorded the highest yield of 1720 kg ha-1.
Exploring Indigenous Entomopathogenic Fungi: Ecological Significance and Potential Applications in Rangareddy District, Telangana, India
Authors: Monica S. S. , Rajanikanth P. , Duraimurugan P. , Basha S. Ameer , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: May 2024

Aims: This study aims to investigate the ecological significance and potential applications of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi in pest management, focusing on the Rangareddy district of Telangana, India.
Study Design: The study utilized a combination of the Galleria bait method and direct isolation techniques to collect and isolate entomopathogenic fungal species from insect cadavers and soil samples in various locations within the district.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in the Rangareddy district of Telangana, India, over a specified period.
Methodology: Six indigenous fungal isolates, including Metarhizium rileyi, Beauveria bassiana, and Lecanicillium lecanii, were obtained through the aforementioned techniques. The relationship between fungal species, soil pH, and host plants was explored.
Results: The study identified the presence of M. rileyi isolates in Mansapally and Aziznagar, B. bassiana isolates in Nagaram and Mansapally, and L. lecanii isolates in Kesaram. Notably, three isolates were obtained through direct isolation from insect cadavers, while three were obtained through the Galleria bait method, indicating the effectiveness of both approaches. Furthermore, the research revealed significant associations between fungal species, soil pH levels, and host plants, highlighting the complex interactions within the ecosystem.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the distribution and ecological relevance of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi in the Rangareddy district of Telangana, India. The findings offer potential implications for sustainable pest management practices, emphasizing the need for further research to validate and expand upon these discoveries.
Design of an All-in-One Drowning Prevention and Monitoring System
Authors: Ma Yaomin
Published: May 2024

The frequent occurrence of drowning accidents has brought a large negative impact on the whole society. In response to this situation, in order to improve the traditional waterside supervision and protection facilities and reduce drowning accidents, this paper illustrates an all-in-one drowning prevention and monitoring system with a modular design, and carries out a large number of experiments and optimisation of the system's functions such as danger warning and real-time monitoring. The results show that the system can efficiently achieve the functions of alarm and distress in drowning accidents and reduce the occurrence of drowning accidents.
Evaporation of pyrolysis oil: Product distribution and residue char analysis
Authors: van Rossum Guus , Güell Berta Matas , Ramachandran Ragavendra P. Balegedde , Seshan K. , Lefferts Leon , Van Swaaij Wim P. M. , Kersten Sascha R. A.
Published: January 2010

The evaporation of pyrolysis oil was studied at varying heating rates (∼1–106°C/min) with surrounding temperatures up to 850°C. A total product distribution (gas, vapor, and char) was measured using two atomizers with different droplet sizes. It was shown that with very high heating rates (∼106°C/min) the amount of char was significantly lowered (∼8%, carbon basis) compared to the maximum amount, which was produced at low heating rates using a TGA (∼30%, carbon basis; heating rate 1°C/min). The char formation takes place in the 100–350°C liquid temperature range due to polymerization reactions of compounds in the pyrolysis oil. All pyrolysis oil fractions (whole oil, pyrolytic lignin, glucose and aqueous rich/lean phase) showed charring behavior. The pyrolysis oil chars age when subjected to elevated temperatures (≥700°C), show similar reactivity toward combustion and steam gasification compared with chars produced during fast pyrolysis of solid biomass. However, the structure is totally different where the pyrolysis oil char is very light and fluffy. To use the produced char in conversion processes (energy or syngas production), it will have to be anchored to a carrier. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Radiofrequency exposure on fast patrol boats in the Royal Norwegian Navy—an approach to a dose assessment
Authors: Baste Valborg , Mild Kjell Hansson , Moen Bente E.
Published: January 2010

Epidemiological studies related to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) have mainly used crude proxies for exposure, such as job titles, distance to, or use of different equipment emitting RF EMF. The Royal Norwegian Navy (RNoN) has measured RF field emitted from high‐frequency antennas and radars on several spots where the crew would most likely be located aboard fast patrol boats (FPB). These boats are small, with short distance between the crew and the equipment emitting RF field. We have described the measured RF exposure aboard FPB and suggested different methods for calculations of total exposure and annual dose. Linear and spatial average in addition to percentage of ICNIRP and squared deviation of ICNIRP has been used. The methods will form the basis of a job exposure matrix where relative differences in exposure between groups of crew members can be used in further epidemiological studies of reproductive health. Bioelectromagnetics 31:350–360, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated approaches to resolving same‐sex dissolutions
Authors: Hertz Frederick , Wald Deborah , Shuster Stacey
Published: January 2010

Mediating same‐sex dissolutions requires a nuanced awareness of how dramatically the legal landscape for lesbian and gay couples has changed in recent years, as well as an ability to demonstrably appreciate and respond to the complex emotional issues at stake in such mediations. The newly emerging norms of same‐sex marriage, domestic partnership, and co‐parenting arrangements lead to changing expectations in the context of these social and legal frameworks, but they have also created challenges resulting from the patchwork of changing and inconsistent laws. This article explores how mediators can best integrate the recurring emotional dynamics of such dissolutions in their mediation practice.
Effects of race, sex, and victims' reasons for victim‐offender dialogue
Authors: Borton Ian M.
Published: January 2010

This study focuses on victim‐offender dialogue files archived by Ohio's Office of Victim Services (OVS). The OVS director was interested in knowing why only one in four initiated dialogue files complete actual face‐to‐face dialogue. Victim offender dialogue programs based on restorative justice theory have been shown to increase victim and offender satisfaction, decrease offender recidivism, and increase the rate of restitution. An archived data analysis on a sample (N = 212) of OVS completed and will‐not‐proceed files revealed offender race did not have a significant effect on dialogue completion rate. However, victim sex was found to have a significant effect on dialogue completion. Included are descriptive analyses of victims' stated motivations for seeking dialogue. Victims who state specific motivations for participation in dialogue were no more likely to complete dialogue than those who did not. Results lead to several suggestions regarding other uses of restorative dialogue in the contexts of severe crime and felonies.
Combining inflation density forecasts
Authors: Kascha Christian , Ravazzolo Francesco
Published: January 2010

In this paper, we empirically evaluate competing approaches for combining inflation density forecasts in terms of Kullback–Leibler divergence. In particular, we apply a similar suite of models to four different datasets and aim at identifying combination methods that perform well throughout different series and variations of the model suite. We pool individual densities using linear and logarithmic combination methods. The suite consists of linear forecasting models with moving estimation windows to account for structural change. We find that combining densities is a much better strategy than selecting a particular model ex ante. While combinations do not always perform better than the best individual model, combinations always yield accurate forecasts and, as we show analytically, provide insurance against selecting inappropriate models. Logarithmic combinations can be advantageous, in particular if symmetric densities are preferred. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtle deficits of attention after surgery: quantifying indicators of sub syndrome delirium
Authors: Lowery David Peter , Wesnes Keith , Brewster Nigel , Ballard Clive
Published: January 2010

Objective

To determine whether attentional impairments are reliable neuropsychological markers of sub syndrome delirium.

Method

A prospective cohort study with repeated assessment beginning pre‐operatively and continuing through the first post‐operative week. Computerized assessments of attention and the Mini‐Mental State Examination were administered with one hundred patients admitted for elective orthopedic surgery, 70 years and over and free of dementia. Acute change of cognitive status was used to identify cases of sub syndrome delirium.

Results

There were significant differences of post‐surgical performance between the ‘no delirium’ and ‘sub‐syndrome delirium’ groups of reaction time, global cognition, accuracy and greater variability of reaction time (p < 0.041). There were significant within subject main effects on reaction time (p = 0.001), variability of reaction time (p = 0.022) and MMSE (p = 0.000) across the cohort; but no significant interaction effect of ‘diagnosis’ * ‘time’ on the computerized measures of attention (p > 0.195).

Conclusion

The distinction between people with sub syndrome delirium and no delirium is difficult to quantify but computerized measures of attention might provide a sensitive indicator. Sub syndrome delirium is an observable marker of a clinical abnormality that should be exploited to improve care management for vulnerable patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of discontinuing benzodiazepine‐derivative hypnotics on postural sway and cognitive functions in the elderly
Authors: Tsunoda Kenichi , Uchida Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takefumi , Watanabe Koichiro , Yamashima Tetsumori , Kashima Haruo
Published: January 2010

Objective

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) have been reported to cause negative impacts on body stability and cognitive functions, which in turn could result in lethal incidents, including falls, especially in the elderly. This fact notwithstanding, no systematic trial has evaluated the feasibility and benefits of discontinuing BZD‐derivative hypnotics in this population, which was addressed in this study.

Methods

In this 8‐week open‐label study, subjects aged ≥60 living in a nursing home who received BZD as a hypnotic were recruited. The BZD dose was tapered off over 3 weeks. The following assessments were performed 12 h post‐dose at baseline and at endpoint: the Clinical Stabilometric Platform (CSP), the Critical Flicker Fusion Test (CFF), the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ).

Results

Thirty subjects were enrolled (mean ± SD age = 79.1 ± 8.9 years, mean ± SD flurazepam equivalent BZD dose = 19.5 ± 10.9 mg/day). Psychiatric diagnoses (DSM‐IV) of subjects were as follows: schizophrenia (n = 12), primary insomnia (n = 9), dementia (n = 7), and bipolar disorder (n = 2). In 26 completers, significant changes were found in a total length and a range of trunk motion with eyes closed. Significant improvements were also observed in the CFF and RBANS immediate memory, language, and attention index scores. Subjective worsening in sleep was not reported in those completers, assessed with the LSEQ.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that discontinuation of BZD hypnotics is feasible in a majority of elderly persons and leads to an improvement in the stability of body and a recovery in cognitive functions during the daytime. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modern management and pathophysiology of ranula: Literature review
Authors: Harrison John D.
Published: January 2010

Background

There is a lack of consensus about the appropriate treatment of ranula. The objective of the present investigation was to produce a scientific basis for treatment.

Methods

A review of the relevant literature is interpreted in the light of improved knowledge about the local anatomy and the pathophysiology of the salivary glands.

Results

The oral and plunging ranulas are cystic extravasation mucoceles that arise from the sublingual gland and usually from a torn duct of Rivinus. The sublingual gland is a spontaneous secretor and the salivary flow is resistant to obstruction, which is caused by fibrosis induced by the extravasation. The submandibular gland is not a spontaneous secretor, is less resistant, and does not give rise to ranulas.

Conclusions

Effective treatment is removal of the involved unit of the sublingual gland or inducing sufficient fibrosis to seal the leak through which the mucus extravasates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
An investigation of the effects of hippocampal lesions in rats on pre‐ and postoperatively acquired spatial memory in a complex environment
Authors: Winocur Gordon , Moscovitch Morris , Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Sekeres Melanie
Published: January 2010

In previous work, we showed that adult rats that were reared socially for 3 months in a complex (village) environment retained allocentric spatial memory for that environment following hippocampal lesions (Winocur et al., (2005) Nat Neurosci 8:273–275). In the present series of experiments, we showed that 3 months of postoperative rearing did not confer the same benefits (Experiment 1), although hippocampal groups, with or without rearing experience, exhibited spatial learning after extensive training (Experiments 1 and 2). Experiment 3 showed that as little as 2 weeks of preoperative rearing in the village was sufficient to retain acquired spatial memories after hippocampal lesions. Probe testing revealed that, although rats with hippocampal lesions exhibited remarkably good memory for preoperatively learned locations in the village, they were impaired when changes in task demands required flexible use of existing spatial representations. In a direct test of flexibility (Experiment 4), preoperatively reared rats were administered a blocked‐routes task in the original learning environment, in which on designated trials, a barrier was placed across one of the direct paths to the goal compartment. On encountering the barrier, control rats consistently selected the next most direct route, whereas rats with hippocampal lesions, despite using spatial strategies, made more errors and took longer to find the goal. The present results confirm that allocentric spatial memories can survive hippocampal damage but they are schematic in nature and less cohesive than those associated with cognitive maps in intact brains. As well, there was evidence that, although different processes are involved in their formation, the schematic memories that were acquired preoperatively and survived hippocampal lesions are essentially the same as those laboriously formed postoperatively after extensive training. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preterm delivery among female survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adulthood cancer
Authors: Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura‐Maria , Malila Nea , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Boice John D. , Gissler Mika , Dyba Tadeusz
Published: January 2010

We studied the deliveries of female cancer survivors and female siblings in a population‐based setting in Finland. Nationwide cancer and birth registries were merged to identify 1,309 first postdiagnosis deliveries of early‐onset (diagnosed under age 35) female patients with cancer and 5,916 first deliveries of female siblings occurring in 1987–2006. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate risk of preterm (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2500 g) and small‐for‐gestational‐age deliveries. The risk of preterm delivery among cancer survivors compared with siblings was overall increased [odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.85], the increase in risk being visible in all diagnostic age groups. Risk of low birth weight (LBW) was also significantly increased (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.29–2.18) but not after adjustment for duration of pregnancy (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.76–1.64). Neither was the risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) increased. The risk of preterm delivery was most pronounced in survivors delivering 10 years or more after diagnosis. Site‐specific analyses indicated that survivors of germ cell tumors and central nervous system (CNS) tumors were at increased risk of preterm delivery, although numbers were small. In childhood survivors, kidney tumors formed the main cause of preterm delivery. Pediatric, adolescent and young adult cancer survivors are at risk for preterm delivery. Heightened surveillance is recommended especially for Wilms', germ cell and CNS tumor survivors. Such adverse pregnancy outcomes can occur a decade or more after cancer diagnosis, indicating a continued need for obstetric awareness, surveillance and counseling in former patients with cancer.
The host defense peptide LL‐37 activates the tumor‐suppressing bone morphogenetic protein signaling via inhibition of proteasome in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wu William Ka Kei , Sung Joseph Jao Yiu , To Ka Fai , Yu Le , Li Hai Tao , Li Zhi Jie , Chu Kin Man , Yu Jun , Cho Chi Hin
Published: January 2010

The human cathelicidin LL‐37, a pleiotropic host defense peptide, is down‐regulated in gastric adenocarcinomas. We therefore investigated whether this peptide suppresses gastric cancer growth. LL‐37 lowered gastric cancer cell proliferation and delayed G1‐S transition in vitro and inhibits the growth of gastric cancer xenograft in vivo. In this connection, LL‐37 increased the tumor‐suppressing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, manifested as an increase in BMP4 expression and the subsequent Smad1/5 phosphorylation and the induction of p21Waf1/Cip1. The anti‐mitogenic effect, Smad1/5 phosphorylation, and p21Waf1/Cip1 up‐regulation induced by LL‐37 were reversed by the knockdown of BMP receptor II. The activation of BMP signaling was paralleled by the inhibition of chymotrypsin‐like and caspase‐like activity of proteasome. In this regard, proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 mimicked the effect of LL‐37 by up‐regulating BMP4 expression and Smad1/5 phosphorylation. Further analysis of clinical samples revealed that LL‐37 and p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA expressions were both down‐regulated in gastric cancer tissues and their expressions were positively correlated. Collectively, we describe for the first time that LL‐37 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation through activation of BMP signaling via a proteasome‐dependent mechanism. This unique biological activity may open up novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of gastric cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 178–186, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of NaV1.6‐mediated Na+ currents in smooth muscle cells isolated from mouse vas deferens
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Lei , Shibata Atsushi , Inai Tetsuichiro , Nomura Masatoshi , Shibata Yosaburo , Brock James A , Teramoto Noriyoshi
Published: January 2010

Patch‐clamp experiments were performed to investigate the behavior of voltage‐activated inward currents in vas deferens myocytes from NaV1.6‐null mice (NaV1.6−/−) lacking the expression of the Na+ channel gene, Scn8a, and their wild‐type littermates (NaV1.6+/+). Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of NaV1.6 in the muscle of NaV1.6+/+, but not NaV1.6−/−, vas deferens. PCR analysis revealed that the only β1‐subunit gene expressed in NaV1.6+/+ vas deferens was Scn1b. In NaV1.6+/+ myocytes, the threshold for membrane currents evoked by 20 msec voltage ramps (−100 mV to 60 mV) was −38.5 ± 4.6 mV and this was shifted to a more positive potential (−31.2 ± 4.9 mV) by tetrodotoxin (TTX). In NaV1.6−/− myocytes, the threshold was −30.4 ± 3.4 mV and there was no TTX‐sensitive current. The Na+ current (INa) in NaV1.6+/+ myocytes had a bell‐shaped current–voltage relationship that peaked at approximately −10 mV. Increasing the duration of the voltage ramps beyond 20 msec reduced the peak amplitude of INa. INa displayed both fast (τ ∼10 msec) and slow (τ ∼1 sec) recovery from inactivation, the magnitude of the slow component increasing with the duration of the conditioning pulse (5–40 msec). During repetitive activation (5–40 msec pulses), INa declined at stimulation frequencies > 0.5 Hz and at 10 Hz ≤ 50% of the current remained. These findings indicate that INa is due solely to NaV1.6 in NaV1.6+/+ myocytes. The gating properties of these channels suggest they play a major role in regulating smooth muscle excitability, particularly in response to rapid depolarizing stimuli. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 234–243, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Return of FEV1 after pulmonary exacerbation in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sanders Don B. , Hoffman Lucas R. , Emerson Julia , Gibson Ronald L. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Redding Gregory J. , Goss Christopher H.
Published: January 2010

Rationale

Lung function (FEV1) generally improves during treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, it is unclear how often return to previous baseline FEV1 is achieved.

Objectives

(1) To determine the proportion of pediatric patients with CF treated for a pulmonary exacerbation who fail to recover to baseline FEV1 and (2) to identify factors associated with this failure.

Methods

We performed a case–control analysis of patients from a single pediatric CF center admitted for their first pulmonary exacerbation in 2001–2006. Patients were considered to have recovered to baseline FEV1 if their best FEV1 within the 3 months following treatment was ≥95% of the best FEV1 during the 6 months prior to treatment. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between clinical characteristics and failure to regain baseline FEV1.

Results

Of 104 patients, 24 (23.1%) did not recover to baseline FEV1. The adjusted odds ratio of failure to recover to baseline FEV1 was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 1.86) for every 5% greater decline in FEV1 from baseline to admission. In exploratory analyses, the adjusted odds ratios for the failure to recover to baseline were also significantly higher for patients who were evaluated in our CF clinic more frequently between the baseline measurement and admission, were younger, or were insured by Medicaid.

Conclusions

Approximately one in four patients with CF failed to recover to baseline lung function after a pulmonary exacerbation despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Failure to recover to baseline was associated with the degree of decline in FEV1 that had occurred prior to hospital admission, suggesting opportunities for earlier intervention to improve lung function outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine how the failure to recover to baseline affects subsequent FEV1 decline. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:127–134. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma associated with repaired congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia
Authors: Esquibies Americo E. , Zambrano Eduardo , Ziai James , Kesebir Deniz , Touloukian Robert J. , Egan Marie E. , Reyes‐Múgica Miguel , Bazzy‐Asaad Alia
Published: January 2010

We report a 19‐year‐old man with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who had a history of vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal, and radial limb defects (VACTERL) association and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) + esophageal atresia (EA) repair as an infant. Children that undergo TEF + EA repair may have an increased risk for developing cancer as they reach adulthood. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:202–204. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell phone intervention to improve adherence: Cystic fibrosis care team, patient, and parent perspectives
Authors: Marciel Kristen K. , Saiman Lisa , Quittell Lynne M. , Dawkins Kevin , Quittner Alexandra L.
Published: January 2010

Background

Treatment regimens for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are time‐consuming and complex, resulting in consistently low adherence rates. To date, few studies have evaluated innovative technologies to improve adherence in this population. Current infection control guidelines for patients with CF seek to minimize patient‐to‐patient transmission of potential pathogens. Thus, interventions must avoid face‐to‐face contact and be delivered individually, limiting opportunities for peer support. This study aimed to develop and assess a web‐enabled cell phone, CFFONE™, designed to provide CF information and social support to improve adherence in adolescents with CF.

Methods

The acceptability, feasibility, and utility of CFFONE™ were evaluated with health care professionals (n = 17) adolescents with CF aged 11–18 years old (n = 12), adults with CF aged 21–36 years old (n = 6), parents of adolescents with CF (n = 12), and technology experts (n = 8). Adolescents also tested a prototype of CFFONE™ (n = 9). Qualitative and quantitative data were collected.

Results

Focus group data with health care professionals indicated a need for this intervention, and indicated that CFFONE™ would be likely to improve knowledge and social support, and somewhat likely to improve adherence. Adolescent, adults, and parents all rated CFFONE™ as likely to improve adherence. Technology experts rated the prototype design and format as appropriate.

Conclusions

The current study provided some support from key stakeholders for this intervention to improve adherence in adolescents with CF. Next steps include a multi‐center trial of the efficacy and safety of CFFONE™. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:157–164. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of toll‐like receptor‐9 is increased in poorly differentiated prostate tumors
Authors: Väisänen Marja‐Riitta , Väisänen Timo , Jukkola‐Vuorinen Arja , Vuopala Katri S. , Desmond Renee , Selander Katri S. , Vaarala Markku H.
Published: January 2010

BACKGROUND

Toll‐like receptor‐9 (TLR9) is a cellular receptor for bacterial and vertebrate DNA. In addition to cells of the immune system, it is also expressed in various human cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer. We demonstrated previously that synthetic TLR9 ligands induce matrix metalloproteinase‐13‐mediated invasion in TLR9‐expressing prostate cancer cells in vitro. Other studies have suggested possible sex steroid regulation of the function of the various TLRs. The role of TLR9 in the pathophysiology of prostate or any cancer is, however, unknown.

METHODS

Expression of TLR9, androgen receptor (AR), or the estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) were studied with immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer (n = 62) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 45) specimens. TLR9 staining scores were compared with tumor stage, Gleason score, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) concentrations before tissue sampling and with the staining scores of AR, ERα, and ERβ.

RESULTS

TLR9 expression was statistically significantly increased in prostate cancer epithelium and stroma, as compared with the same cellular compartments in benign hyperplasia. Significantly increased (P = 0.04) TLR9 expression was detected in cancers with high Gleason score (>7, n = 23), as compared with lower Gleason scores (≤7, n = 39). No statistically significant associations were detected between TLR9 expression scores and PSA concentrations or tumor staging. Prostate adenocarcinoma cells were all positive for TLR9, AR, and ERβ but negative for ERα expression. In cancer stroma cells, increased TLR9 expression was associated with increased ERα expression.

CONCLUSIONS

Expression of TLR9 is increased in prostate cancer specimens, especially in the most poorly differentiated forms. Prostate 70: 817–824, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta‐Analysis of Survival of Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Managed with Surgical Resection Versus Chemotherapy Alone
Authors: Stillwell A. P. , Buettner P. G. , Ho Y‐H.
Published: January 2010

Background

There is no consensus regarding the appropriate management of asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic patients with stage IV colorectal cancer and irresectable metastases.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on Medline and Embase. Outcome measures included: survival; postoperative morbidity and mortality; complications from the primary tumor and the need for surgery to manage complications; the likelihood of curative surgery after initial response to primary therapy; and length of hospital stay. Quantitative meta‐analysis was performed where appropriate.

Results

Eight retrospective studies, including 1,062 patients, met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Meta‐analysis has shown an improvement in the survival of patients managed with palliative resection of their primary tumor, with an estimated standardized median difference of 6.0 months (standardized difference, 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29, 0.82; p < 0.001). Patients managed with chemotherapy alone were 7.3 times more likely to have a complication from the primary tumor (95% CI, 1.7, 34.4; p = 0.008). There was no difference in the response rates to chemotherapy, making metastatic disease amendable to curative resection (0.85; 95% CI 0.40, 1.8; p = 0.662).

Conclusions

To date, only retrospective data are available, showing that palliative resection of the primary tumor in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with stage IV colorectal cancer is associated with longer survival. Resection of the primary tumor reduces the likelihood of complications from the primary tumor and avoids the need for emergency procedures.
Feeding activity pattern in a parasitic wasp when foraging in the field
Authors: Desouhant Emmanuel , Lucchetta Patrice , Giron David , Bernstein Carlos
Published: January 2010

Individual decision‐making and behavioral plasticity, and hence reproductive success, depend on nutritional state. Despite the importance of food for life‐history functions, when and how often parasitoids encounter and consume food in natural settings remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed at determining the food intake history of theVenturia canescensparasitoids in field conditions. To fulfill this objective, we compared the nutritional state of lab individuals of known feeding history and of field‐released individuals allowed to freely forage under natural conditions. Nutritional state and feeding history were determined by using a combination of physiological parameters based on sugar assays. Field‐released wasps were caught during periods starting either 5 or 24 h after release. Our results show that in the field, the wasps search actively for carbohydrate food sources. Our work also indicates that feeding activity of wasps in the field can be better understood by using the combination of key physiological parameters. The adaptive value of the feeding pattern and the relevance of the approach used are discussed.
The 14-item Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test: a valid, sensitive, reliable, parent-reported outcome measure for paediatric throat disorders
Authors: Hopkins C , Fairley J , Yung M , Hore I , Balasubramaniam S , Haggard M
Published: January 2010

Objectives:

We modified and abbreviated a pre-existing research questionnaire, the Tonsil and Adenoid Health Status Instrument, to make it suitable for rapid completion as a disease-specific, health-related quality of life research tool for children with tonsil and adenoid disease in the UK. We determined the main psychometric properties of the resulting 14-item Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test.

Design, setting and participants:

Pre- and post-operative questionnaires were completed by the parents of children with throat disorders referred to two large hospitals. We included children with recurrent tonsillitis and with obstructive sleep apnoea. A separate cohort of healthy children of comparable age range was also studied.

Main outcome measures:

The test's internal consistency and responsiveness were analysed and its construct validity documented via known-group differences.

Results:

A total of 126 completed questionnaires were received from the hospital referral group. The children's mean age was 6.5 years (range one to 16). The 40 unaffected children were well matched in age to the study population (mean 6.1 years, range two to 15). Cronbach's α coefficient for the pre-operative assessment total score was 0.84. The test–retest reliability coefficient for the total score was 0.98, indicating very high reproducibility. The 14-item Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test discriminated well between children known to suffer with throat problems and a group of healthy controls (p < 0.0001; t = 24.016). Six months after surgical intervention, parentally reported questionnaire scores had improved (i.e. were lower) (p < 0.0001; t = 7.01). The standard effect size (i.e. change in mean divided by baseline standard deviation) for children for whom post-operative questionnaires were completed was 1.53; this is very large.

Conclusions:

The 14-item Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test is an appropriate, disease-specific, parent-reported outcome measure for children with throat disorders, for which we have demonstrated internal consistency, reliability, responsiveness to change and two forms of construct validity.
The Kalyanasaugandhikam of Nilakantha
Authors: Barnett L. D.
Published: January 2010

This little Sanskrit play belongs to the ancient repertory of Travancore. Having recently obtained from Pandit V. Venkaṭarāma Śarmā of Chenganur a Nāgarī transcript of one MS., which may be called A, and a collation of another MS., which I designate as B, I now publish the text in transliteration, with such corrections and emendations as seem to be necessary, but without attempting to enforce uniformity of spelling. I have added numbers to the verses.
The “Arte de Lingoa Canari”, the “Doutrina Christam”, and the “Adi” and “Deva Puran” of Thomas Stevens
Authors: Abbott Justin E.
Published: January 2010

Among the manuscripts of the William Marsden Collection, to which Sir E. Denison Ross has called the attention of scholars, by reproducing the entries of William Marsden (see the Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, Vol. II, Pt. III, “The Manuscripts collected by William Marsden”), there are five with titles indicating their language as “Canari”, “Canarim”, or “Canarin” (p. 537), one as “Bramana Canarim” (p. 537), one as “Hindustani”, and two as “Mahratta” (p. 535).
The Works of Bhasa
Authors: Sastri T. Ganapati
Published: January 2010

In the Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, London, at pp. 107 to 117 of III, 1, are to be found some criticisms by Messrs. Krishna Pishāroḍi and Rama Pishāroḍi on my views of Bhāsa and his authorship of Svapna-Vāsavadatta and the connected dramas published in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series. Their arguments are summarized hereunder with replies thereto:—

I. “Every open-minded critic must perforce admit that Pratimā-nāṭaka must come after Kālidāsa, Chārudatta after Śūdraka, and Avimāraka after Daṇḍin.”
Svapna-vasavadatta and Bhava-prakasa
Authors: Pisharodi K. Rama
Published: January 2010

In support of his view that the drama published by him under the title Svapna-vāsavadatta in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series (to which I shall henceforth refer as “the TSS. play”) is the work of Bhāsa, Mahāmahōpâdhyāya Gaṇapati Śāstri cites in JRAS., Oct. 1924, p. 668, a passage from the unpublished Bhāva-prakāśa of Śāradātanaya. I have examined three MSS. of the latter work. It nowhere ascribes the play to Bhāsa; but the context of the quotation and the observations on nāndī throw some light on the Bhāsa-problem.
History of the Mission of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, Established in Persia by the Reverend Father Alexander of Rhodes
Authors: Wilson Arnold T.
Published: January 2010

The following is a translation of a little work bearing the full title of: Relation / de la / Mission / des Peres de la / Compagnie / de Iesus/. Establie dans le Royaume de Perse / par le R. P. Alexandre / de Rhodes. Dressée et mise au iour par un Pere / de la mesme Compagnie. A Paris, chez Iean Henault, Libraire-Iure, / ruë Saint Iacques, à l'Ange Gardien & / Saint Raphaël. M. DC. LIX. Avec privilege du Roy.
The Date of Zoroaster
Authors: Charpentier Jarl
Published: January 2010

In a review of Professor Hertel's recent little book Die Zeit Zoroasters, to be published in the JRAS., I have said that for his very wide-reaching conclusions concerning the date of Zoroaster there seems in reality to be no evidence at all. A renewed investigation of the facts which seem to bear on this intricate question has only corroborated this opinion; and as there could be no room for a detailed refutation of Professor Hertel's arguments in a short review, I feel it a duty to set forth, in somewhat fuller detail, the main points which speak, as far as I understand, against his new theory.
Eine sanskrit-sogdische Bilingue in Brāhmī
Authors: Maue Von Dieter , Sims-Williams Nicholas
Published: January 2010

Bei der Durchsicht der Brāhmī-Handschriften der “ Mainzer Sammlung / [Mz]1 entdeckte einer der beiden Verfasser [Maue] mit Mz 639 ein Fragment, das neben Sanskrit eine Übersetzungssprache enthielt, die aufgrund einiger Indizien dem Iranischen, am ehesten dem Sogdischen, zuzuordnen war. Anhand einer ersten vorlä ufigen Umschrift konnte Professor R. E. Emmerick (Hamburg) das Sakische ausschlieβen. Der zweite Autor [Sims-Williams] erkannte darin zweifelsfrei das Sogdische. Somit ist nun auch dieser mir. Dialekt in Brā hmī belegt und erstmals ein sogd. Textstück, das definitiv auf eine Sanskritvorlage zurückgeführt werden kann. Der besondere linguistische Wert liegt in der durch die Schriftart erzwungenen vollen Vokalisierung. Das neu entdeckte Bruchstück nährt die Hoffnung auf weitere sogdische Materialien in Brāhmī.2 Die lesbaren und verständlichen Teile des Blattfragments lassen klar erkennen, daβ esp. sich um einen Heilkundetext handelt, vermutlich einen Abschnitt über Augenkrankheiten.3 Wir haben Reste von vier Rezepturen oder Paragraphen, wie die erhaltenen Zahlen beweisen, die es auch erlauben, Vorderund Rückseite zu bestimmen. Im übrigen aber ist das Blatt so sehr fragmentiert und die Schrift teilweise so stark abgerieben, daβ das gewohnte Schema (zu behandelnde Krankheit, Zusammensetzung des Medikaments und dessen Dosierung) an verschiedenen Stellen zwar noch durchscheint, aber im einzelnen nicht rekonstruiert werden kann. Dies beeintrachtigt die Sicherheit und das Verständnis der Lesungen. Hier kann der entscheidende Fortschritt nur vom Mūla-Text oder zumindest von Paralleltexten kommen Die Suche danach, an der sich freundlicherweise auch R. E. Emmerick beteiligte, hat bisher nur zu einem negativen Ergebnis geführt:
Concerning a vocalic alternation in North Omotic verb paradigms
Authors: Hayward R. J
Published: January 2010

Examination of the verb paradigms of Omotic can easily engender a sense of bewilderment; there is such a variation from language to language, even when, in other respects, the languages concerned appear to be quite closely related. Coming to Omotic from a language group such as Eaśt Cushitic, the contrast is especially striking. For example, when investigating any little known East Cushitic language (and there are a few left!), one starts out with a strong expectation of finding in the verbal system certain morphological elements and patterns (e.g., t ‘2nd person, 3rd feminine singular’; n ‘1st person plural’ a palatal vowel signalling ‘perfect’; a guttural verb signalling ‘imperfect’; a rounded vowel signalling a ‘subordinate function’ or ‘non-indicative mood’; etc.), and one is never entirely disappointed; the well known formatives, along with the anticipated patterns of distribution, crop up with an almost monotonous regularity. Similar predictabilities are not obviously the case when we look at Omotic. With virtually every new language investigated, new and unfamiliar features emerge. I have remarked on this before (Hayward, 1984: 324), but I am not alone in having done so; Andrzej Zaborski has also emphasized the high degree of innovation seen in the Omotic verb (Zaborski, 1986: 528). But I think the essence of the problem is not that there are no identifiable cognate formatives so much as that we have been unable to understand their historical significance, andso supply them with meaningful labels.
Bārgīrī
Authors: Bivar A. D. H.
Published: January 2010

Bārgīrī is a New Persian term seemingly of transparent meaning: ‘the taking up of loads’. As such, it is listed by Steingass, with various special meanings ‘Conviction, criminal charge; taking-in of a ship's cargo’, none of which covers its full, or perhaps most important, semantic range. Moreover, the word is of note both for its relation to the nomadic life-style, and its interest to Orientalist scholarship. It seems worth collecting the references to provide a wider setting.

Leyla Azami (sister of the Iranian folklorist, Cheragh Ali Azami), recently discussed the word in connexion with the transhumant life of the Sangsarī tribe in the south-eastern Elburz. Here it is defined as tahiya-i muqaddamāt-i safar ‘the preparation of the preliminaries for a journey’, events which take place ‘in the third decade of the month of Urdibihisht’—the second month of the Iranian calendar, April–May, when the pastoralists assemble, preparing for their move to high ground with the advent of spring.
The treaty of 1387 between Murād I and the Genoese
Authors: Fleet Kate
Published: January 2010

The aim of this article is to present a new edition, translation and commentary of the treaty concluded in 1387 between the Ottoman ruler Murād I (1362–1389) and the Comune of Genoa. As the only known extant fourteenth-century treaty between the Ottomans and a western city state, the treaty is of considerable importance for early Ottoman history, a period for which contemporary Turkish sources are scant.
Tamil expressives with initial voiced stops
Authors: Emeneau M. B. , Hart Kausalya
Published: January 2010

In colloquial Tamil the form-class of expressives includes some items which have in each member of a reduplicated pair an initial voiced stop, alongside many with initial voiceless stops. This is unlike the form-classes of nouns and verbs which have in initial position only voiceless stops, except for some borrowings from Sanskrit or other sources. The writing system has no provisions for such initial voiced stops, except for a very few items with the ‘northern letter’j-. The etymological dictionary shows that in general, when in colloquial Tamil these voiced stops appear in expressives, etyma that appear in the other Dravidian languages also have voiced stops; they are then to be reconstructed for South Dravidian or in some cases even for Proto-Dravidian, and it is to be assumed that they were found in all periods of Tamil even though they were not written as such.
Notes on modern editions of the Taoist Canon
Authors: Boltz Judith Magee
Published: January 2010

The three publishing houses of Wen-wu in Peking, Shanghai shu-tien, and Ku-chi in Tientsin joined forces to produce a new edition of the Taoist Canon. The Tao-tsang they published in 1988 is meant to be an improvement on the so-called Cheng-t'ung Tao-tsang printed in 1921–23 by the Han-fen lou branch of Shanghai Commercial Press. The latter takes as its foundation the copy of the Ming Canon from the archives of the Pai-yün Kuan (White Cloud Abbey) in Peking. The woodcut edition of the Ming Canon contains two components. The core collection appeared under the title Ta Ming Tao-tsang ching in the years 1444–45 of the Cheng-t'ung reign period. A small supplement entitled Hsü Tao-tsang ching was issued in 1607.
The Zaydī tribes of the Yemen: a new field study
Authors: Serjeant R. B.
Published: January 2010

In a recent work, Paul Dresch gives us an admirable study, hard to praise too highly, well researched, engagingly written, with mercifully little of sociological jargon. His field contact and knowledge of the (Zaydī) tribes of the northern Yemeni Arab Republic is of the kind of experienced political officers in the former Aden Protectorates like the well-known late Major Ian Snell and ‘Johnny’ Johnson, to which he adds the ability to relate his findings to the Arabian cultural background. Dresch makes use of Arabic documents, printed or MS, and uses the valuable evidence of political verse that I do not recall seeing utilized by other writers on Yemeni society. It is a pleasure to see Arabic correctly vocalized and transliterated, not mangled and distorted. A glossary of the technical terms of tribal law would have been of great value to scholars— many of these are known but more than a few, special to the region, are not. (Can one hope to see these in a further publication?)
The nature of the Akhbārī/Uṣūlī dispute in late Ṣafawid Iran. Part 1: ‘Abdallāh al-Samāhijī's ‘Munyat al-Mumārisīn’
Authors: Newman Andrew J.
Published: January 2010

The Akhbārī/Uṣūlī controversy within Twelver Shī‘ism has been portrayed in Western-language scholarship primarily as a scholastic dispute over jurisprudential methodology which came to fruition only in eleventh/seventeenthcentury Ṣafawid Iran. Uṣūlism is generally characterized as having stressed recourse to rationalist, subjective forms of analysis—particularly the principle of ijtihād (independent judicial reasoning)—on legal questions where the revealed sources were deemed wanting. Akhbārism has been portrayed mainly in negative terms, as having forbad recourse to speculative reasoning in favour of reliance solely on the Twelver-accepted revelation— the Qur'ān and the sunna, the latter especially including the akhbār (sg. khabar), the Arabiclanguage body of statements of and narratives about the twelve Shī‘īImāms, the last of whom disappeared in 260 A.H./A.D. 873–874.
The limits of benevolence: Wang Shiduo (1802–1889) and population control
Authors: Dikötter Frank
Published: January 2010

Heaven has its material for slaughter. Among animals, they are the sheep, the pigs, the chickens and the ducks; among men, they are the short and slight, ugly, mean-eyed, short-stepped, garrulous, effeminate, stupid people.