bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Akty podziękowania w treści polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych wiadomości przesyłanych na kartach pocztowych
Authors: Dzienisiewicz Daniel
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze speech acts of thanking used in Polish and Russian postcard messages. The paper addresses several aspects of speech acts of thanking: 1) their location in message structure, 2) their formal and pragmatic characteristics, 3) speech acts co-constituting thanking formulas, and 4) actions making speakers perform acts of thanking. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the form and/or content of speech acts of thanking might be determined by the national culture, the gender of interaction participants, the type of relationship between them and the medium by which they are sent.
Transfiguracje labiryntu. Absurd w poetyce Franza Kafki i Nikołaja Gogola
Authors: Świerczyński Filip
Published: February 2022

Artykuł stanowi rozwinięcie i dopełnienie badań zaprezentowanych w pracy Ściany labiryntu. Systemy narracyjne Franza Kafki i Nikołaja Gogola (Świerczyński 2020: 132– 145). Jego głównym celem jest zarówno przedstawienie i analiza gogolowskich inspiracji Franza Kafki (1883–1924), przede wszystkim na płaszczyźnie poetyki, jak i ugruntowanie świadomości owych wpływów, w granicach polskiego literaturoznawstwa, dotychczas raczej w nim niedostrzeganych. Punkt wyjścia stanowi analiza pojęcia absurdu w recepcji współczesnych badaczy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego rozumienia przedłożonego przez Alberta Camusa (1913–1960). Autor prezentuje poszczególne filary konstrukcyjne stanowiące o absurdzie obecnym w diegezie utworów Kafki i Gogola (1809–1852), ogniskując swoją uwagę na jej dialektyczności, wszechobecności przemiany czy inherentnej niepewności stanowiącej rdzeń „metafizycznego horroru”, w jakim zmuszeni są funkcjonować Kafkowscy i Gogolowscy bohaterowie.
Nationwide study on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households from lockdown to reopening, Denmark, 27 February 2020 to 1 August 2020
Authors: Lyngse Frederik Plesner , Kirkeby Carsten , Halasa Tariq , Andreasen Viggo , Skov Robert Leo , Møller Frederik Trier , Krause Tyra Grove , Mølbak Kåre
Published: February 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global public health threats of recent times. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission is key for outbreak response and to take action against the spread of disease. Transmission within the household is a concern, especially because infection control is difficult to apply within this setting.

Aim

The objective of this observational study was to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Danish households during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We used comprehensive administrative register data from Denmark, comprising the full population and all COVID-19 tests from 27 February 2020 to 1 August 2020, to estimate household transmission risk and attack rate.

Results

We found that the day after receiving a positive test result within the household, 35% (788/2,226) of potential secondary cases were tested and 13% (98/779) of these were positive. In 6,782 households, we found that 82% (1,827/2,226) of potential secondary cases were tested within 14 days and 17% (371/2,226) tested positive as secondary cases, implying an attack rate of 17%. We found an approximate linear increasing relationship between age and attack rate. We investigated the transmission risk from primary cases by age, and found an increasing risk with age of primary cases for adults (aged ≥ 15 years), while the risk seems to decrease with age for children (aged < 15 years).

Conclusions

Although there is an increasing attack rate and transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with age, children are also able to transmit SARS-CoV-2 within the household.
Epidemiological and clinical insights from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR crossing threshold values, France, January to November 2020
Authors: Alizon Samuel , Selinger Christian , Sofonea Mircea T , Haim-Boukobza Stéphanie , Giannoli Jean-Marc , Ninove Laetitia , Pillet Sylvie , Thibault Vincent , de Rougemont Alexis , Tumiotto Camille , Solis Morgane , Stephan Robin , Bressollette-Bodin Céline , Salmona Maud , L’Honneur Anne-Sophie , Behillil Sylvie , Lefeuvre Caroline , Dina Julia , Hantz Sébastien , Hartard Cédric , Veyer David , Delagrèverie Héloïse M , Fourati Slim , Visseaux Benoît , Henquell Cécile , Lina Bruno , Foulongne Vincent , Burrel Sonia ,   on behalf of the SFM COVID-19 study group
Published: February 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented daily use of RT-PCR tests. These tests are interpreted qualitatively for diagnosis, and the relevance of the test result intensity, i.e. the number of quantification cycles (Cq), is debated because of strong potential biases.

Aim

We explored the possibility to use Cq values from SARS-CoV-2 screening tests to better understand the spread of an epidemic and to better understand the biology of the infection.

Methods

We used linear regression models to analyse a large database of 793,479 Cq values from tests performed on more than 2 million samples between 21 January and 30 November 2020, i.e. the first two pandemic waves. We performed time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to estimate whether Cq data information improves short-term predictions of epidemiological dynamics.

Results

Although we found that the Cq values varied depending on the testing laboratory or the assay used, we detected strong significant trends associated with patient age, number of days after symptoms onset or the state of the epidemic (the temporal reproduction number) at the time of the test. Furthermore, knowing the quartiles of the Cq distribution greatly reduced the error in predicting the temporal reproduction number of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that Cq values of screening tests performed in the general population generate testable hypotheses and help improve short-term predictions for epidemic surveillance.
Mental health and validity of the psycho-neurobiological stress model
Authors:   José M. BERTOLÍN-GUILLÉN
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives: The public costs of self-reported mental stress and distress are enormous. And both the advance of neurobiology and the modern more biological approach of psychiatry as a whole are considerable. This work intends to provide an essential, updated and objective panoramic view on the neurobiology of all kinds of stress in relation to people’s mental health and pathologies. Method: Bibliographic indexes such as Pubmed, Psycinfo Journal and Índices CSIC, were consulted, among others. The matter being tackled is extremely profuse, varied and complex, therefore the found literature has been as numerous as heterogeneous. It is also so dispersed that we have conducted a narrative non-systematic review that is intended to be impartial and balanced. Results: This article will concisely discuss the available, prominent and reliable scientific information regarding the main cerebral structures involved in the experience of stress, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus. It will also comment on stress physiology, neuroendocrinology and associated psychopathology, as well as specifically certain genetic variations and linked molecular and immune activities. Conclusion: We have synthesised the relevant and current scientific knowledge of the correlations among stress, mental health and neurobiology as well as of their reciprocal interactions. There is increasing knowledge of these correlations and interactions, but it remains limited. Accordingly, further research is required.
Physicochemical, Fatty Acid and Sensory Profile of Cocoa Butter Produced from Fermented and Non-Fermented Cocoa Butter
Authors: Andriani Novia , Yenrina Rina , Nazir Novizar
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to explore the influence of fermentation and non-fermentation on cocoa processing (Theobroma cacao L.) on physical properties, chemical properties, fatty acid profiles and sensory properties of cococa butter. The study was conducted using an experimental method with two treatments and three replications. Analysis of cocoa butter consisted of yield, color, moisture content, free fatty acids,  iod numbers, peroxide numbers, determination of fatty acid profile using GC-MS, and analysis of sensory properties. The results showed that the yield was between 20.82-21.00%. The color of fermented cocoa butter has a value of L* 17.88, a*8.70, and b*7.99 while for nonfermented cocoa butter has a value of L* 14.88, a* 8.96, and b* 6.78, water content between 0.10-0.12%, free fatty acids 0.51-0.56%, iod numbers 26.40-26.50 g I2/100g, peroxide numbers between 0.40-0.70 meq peroxide/kg fat, 190.23-191.40 mg KOH/g fat. The fatty acid profile using GC-MS showed that the dominant fatty acid constituents contained in fermented and nonfermented cocoa fats are oleic acid (29.39-29.57%), heptadecanoic acid (25.85-26.77%), and palmitic acid (21.49-21.83%).  Based on sensory analysis of cocoa butter with fermented treatment is preferred because it has a more attractive color, taste, and aroma compared to nonfermented cocoa butter.
Influence of ACFTA (ASEAN-China Free Trade Area) on Imports of Phone Origin China In ASEAN
Authors: Hajar Aswad  , Zulva Azijah
Published: February 2022

ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) is an agreement with ASEAN countries with China to establish a free trade area. Telephones are the main commodity in China which is included in the largest import category in ASEAN, where the value of imports of cellphones from China is higher than other countries, China dominates the import of cellphones in ASEAN with 55% o ea (ACFTA) on telephone imports from ASEAN countries in China. This study uses annual data from 2006 to 2020f total imports from other countries. This study aims to analyze the influence of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Ar. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis and gravity model. Quantitatively, it shows that the production of telephones in each ASEAN country has not met the demand for telephones, so imports are carried out. The estimation results of the gravity model show that the ACFTA variable has no significant effect on China's telephone imports to ASEAN. Other factors that affect China's telephone imports to ASEAN are ASEAN's real GDP, China's real GDP, real exchange rate, distance and inflation affect China's telephone imports to ASEAN.
Analysis of Water Quality in the Mandaong River for Development of Freshwater Fish Cultivation
Authors: Fabanjo M. Abjan , Inayah Inayah
Published: February 2022

The Mandaong River is a river flow that originates from the springs of Mount Sibela which until now has not been known with certainty the upstream point of the Mandaong River. This river flows through 3 (three) villages, namely Mandaong Village which is a downstream area, Makean Village Village and Papaloang Village which is an area of the Mandaong River body. Taking into account the position of the Mandaong River which flows from the mountains through plantations and settlements, it is estimated that it will receive some input from both natural processes and from the activities of the surrounding community such as bathing, washing, excavating sand, agriculture and settlements. Disposal of domestic waste, organic and inorganic waste so that there will be a decrease in the quality of river water in the form of physical, chemical and biological aspects. This study aims to determine the water quality of the Mandaong river based on physical, chemical and biological parameters and to determine the status of the water quality of the Mandaong river for the development of freshwater fish farming. The method of collecting water quality data on physical and chemical parameters was measured directly in the field and water samples were taken for further testing in the laboratory. For macroinvertebrate sampling by using nets /nets hand, the laying of nets is carried out systematically on the left, middle and right bank of the river at each predetermined station. Based on the results of measurements of the water temperature in the Mandaong river, it ranges from 25ÃÂ°CÃ¢â¬â27ÃÂ°C, Flow Speed ranges from 1.02Ã¢â¬â2.06, River depth ranges from 45Ã¢â¬â97 cm. and water pH ranged from 6.76-7.31, DO content ranged from 6.31-6.78, BOD content ranged from 0.10-5.63, nitrate content ranged from 0.361-2.068, phosphate content ranged from 4.506 Ã¢â¬â6.753, ammonia content in the range of 0.002, detergent content in the range of 50. Family Biotic Index (FBI) values ranged from 3.36-4.16. The FBI index value shows that the water quality of the Mandaong River is in the very good category with the level of pollution not polluted by organic matter at stations 1 and 2, while at station 3 it is in the very good category with a slightly polluted level of organic matter. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded from this study that the testing of physical, chemical and biological parameters in research on the Mandaong river shows that the level of river water pollution is included in the very good category. Therefore, the water quality of the Mandaong River can be developed for freshwater fish farming activities.
Growth of Pepper Plant (Piper nigrum Linn.) After Application of Organic Fertilizer Leaves of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Kunth.)
Authors: Purwanto Iir , Zakiah Zulfa , Linda Riza
Published: February 2022

Pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) is the most traded spice commodity among other spices.ÃÂ  The problem with pepper farming in West Kalimantan is the lack of nutrient availability because plantation land is dominated by ultisol soils. Gamal leaf liquid organic diapers application is expected to increase the availability of nutrients in the growing media.ÃÂ  The aim of the study was to determine the nutrient content of the liquid organic diapers of gamal leaves, to see the effect, as well as the best concentration and time of application on the vegetative growth of pepper plants. The study was carried out for four months, namely from January to April 2020 at the Pepper Plantation of Tengon Village, using a factorial compeletely randomized design pattern consisting of 2 factors, the concentration such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% control and liquid organic fertilizer application time (every time week and every two weeks).ÃÂ  The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer of gamal leaves contained 12.7% C-organic., 0.27% N-Total., 47.03 C/N ratio., 0,25% P., and 0,29 K. The results of the research that giving Gamal leaf liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on shoot length, number of shoots and number of leaves of pepper plants, however, it did not significantly affect the time of emergence of pepper shoots. Liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 40% and time of application every week gave the best effect on shoot length (25.33 cm), number of shoots (4.33 shoots), and number of leaves (14.33 strands). ÃÂ It was concluded that the ÃÂ liquid organic diapers concentration treatment of gamal leaves had a significant effect on shoot length, number of shoots, and number of leaves of pepper plants but did not significantly affect the time of shoots emerging for pepper plants. ÃÂ The best poc concentration that increases pepper plant growth is 40% with every week application. ÃÂ It is recommended that further research can be carried out on the manufacture of ÃÂ liquid organic diapers of gamal leaves combined with animal waste on the growth of pepper plants, with application time of 2-3 times in one week.
Effect of Check Delay Time Difference on Enumerating Bacteria in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Fitri Inayah , Rizki Aziz Zulfikran Moh , Widyawati Devis Ika
Published: February 2022

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a contamination in the urinary tract is often caused by bacteria. The count of number bacteria must be used in fresh urine. Using postponed urine can cause bacteria in the urine to increase. The purpose of the research was to determine the number of bacteria; severity of UTI based on the number; and the effect of variation in the length of delay in urine examination on the number of bacteria. This research used the purposive sampling method with criteria for patients who did not receive antibiotics treatment. The urine sample was postponed for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours at room temperature and then scratched in CLED media; after 18 hours of incubation, the number of bacteria is calculating. The results showed based on the One Way ANOVA test known that every postponed variation of examination has an influence on the number of bacteria in the urine, test of post hoc tukey showed that has real different in every postponed variation of examination. The conclusion in this study is that the number of bacteria with time postponed period variation of examination showed that there is increasment increasing Ã¢â°Â¥105 CFU/ml, the level of severity and postponed examination assessment having influence toward influencing the amount number bacteria.
White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) As A Source of Food Fiber and Its Applications in Meat Processing
Authors: Putri Audina , Kisworo Djoko , Bulkaini Bulkaini
Published: February 2022

White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) can be used as fillers sausages mix because the physical properties of chewy like meat and high fiber content. The main raw material of sausages is meat, so that rejected layer chicken meat can be used even though it has low quality of the meat and less liked by the consumer, however, as a food ingredient it still has potential to improve the quality. Therefore, to improve the quality and preferences of the consumer, it is necessary to innovate processed into sausages with the addition of a fiber source, namely white oyster mushroom flour. This study aims to examine the use of white oyster mushroom as a source of dietary fiber in sausage processing. The research materials used were white oyster mushrooms, rejected laying hens and spices. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, which included: without the addition of white oyster mushroom flour P0 (0%), the addition of oyster mushroom flour at the level of P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 ( 15%). Data were analyzed based on analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System (SASÃ¢â¬âSoftware). The results showed that the level of white oyster mushroom flour increased the organoleptic value of color, aroma and texture significantly (P<0.05). The addition of white oyster mushroom flour was also higly significant (P<0.01) in increasing the crude fiber content of sausages. It can be concluded that cooking loss was higher in line with the level of white oyster mushroom flour. But not on the value of water holding capacity. The higher the level of white oyster mushroom flour, the higher the crude fiber of the sausage. In general, the quality of sausages meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3820 - 2015), interms of normal organoleptic value.
Local Wisdom of the Rantau Panjang Community, Simpang Hilir District, Kayong Utara Regency in Utilizing Medicinal Plants
Authors: Saupi Muhammad , Yanti Hikma , Mariani Yeni , Yusro Fathul
Published: February 2022

Medicinal plants for modern society today are still one of the alternative options in healthcare treatment. This condition is due to the local culture, tradition, and wisdom of a group of people that are still solid and thick. This study aims to analyze the types of medicinal plants used by the community in Rantau Panjang, Simpang Hilir District, North Kayong Regency. This research uses the survey method by conducting interviews with the community and identifying medicinal plants in the field. A sampling of the people who became respondents was done with a purposive sampling technique. The total number of respondents is 333 people distributed in several sub-village, namely Sepakat Jaya 71 people, Tembok Baru 65 people, Ampera 37 people, Makmur 61 people, Sinar Palung 25 people, Kebal Manuk 12 people, Sinar Selatan 35 people and Siput Lestari 27 people. The data obtained were analyzed for Use Value (UV) and Fidelity Level (FL). The village community of Rantau Panjang utilizes 69 types of medicinal plants, with the predominant plant family is Zingiberaceae. The highest use of plant parts is leaves (37.68%), the most common method of processing is boiled (57.97%), and the most extensive way of use is drunk as much as (60.86%). The plants with the highest UV values are turmeric (Curcuma longa L) (0.42), red liyak (Zingiber officinale Linn) (0.34), white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria L) (0.28), and betel (Piper betle L) (0.22). The types of plants have the highest FL value (100), namely simpur, ketumbar, sawo, leban, pulai, jantung pisang, bunga raya, alalang, durian, nipah, kopi, selo daging, keladi, paku ikan, pegage, kumis kucing, mahkota dewa, belange, belimbing pelunjuk, asam jawa, andong, limau sambal, jambu biji, lidah buaya, pinang, leban, mentimun, daun salam, mentimun, manggis, bajakah, cempedak, pandan wangi, pasak bumi, tebu merah, jengkol, cengkodok, anggrek dan ketepeng.
The Effect of Red Paprika Juice (Capsium annum) Addition into the Feed to Brightness of The Red Comet Fish Colour (Carassium auratus)
Authors: Humairo Anisa Larasati , Junaidi Muhammad , Marzuki Muhammad
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the color change of comet fish (Carasium auratus) after being given additional feed in the form of red paprika juice. Measurement of the fish color was carried out every 10 days for 1 month and visual observations were made with digital photos and analyzed the colors using Adobe Photoshop CS4 software. In this study, different concentrations of paprika juice were used. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD).There were 5 treatments, namely P0 without the addition of red paprika juice (control), P1 with the addition of 2% paprika juice, P2 with the addition of 4% paprika juice, P3 with the addition of 6% paprika juice, and P4 with the addition of 8% paprika juice, which was performed on 3 times for each. The research data were analyzed using statistical analysis Unvariate One Way Analysis of Variance at 5% level with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the highest increase in color quality was obtained in the P3 treatment with an average value of 63.85 ÃÂ± 2.12, the highest specific weight growth rate was obtained in P3 treatment with an average value of 60.825 ÃÂ± 0.59 days, the highest specific length growth rate was obtained atP3 treatment with an average value of 1.37 ÃÂ± 0.28 grams, while at the survival rate there is a significant value or not significantly different. The conclusion of this study is the effect of adding red paprika juice in the feed affects the color quality and specific growth rate, while the survival rate is not affected. Furthermore, the dose of red paprika juice added to the feed can improve the color quality of comet fish with the highest value found in P3 (with the addition of 6% paprika juice), namely 63.85.
Diversity of Reef Fish in Pancuran Beach and The Harbor Area of Karimunjawa National Park
Authors: Nuranggitasari Dhanis , Kurniawan Ardyan Pramudya
Published: February 2022

Research on the biodiversity of Ikhthiofauna in coral reef ecosystems in Karimunjawa National Park was carried out in March 2021. This study aimed to study the species of reef fish found in the National Park Karimunjawan, to study the dominant reef fish species, the level of diversity, and the factors that influence reef fish biodiversity in Karimunjawa National Park. Data collection was carried out at two research locations, namely Pancuran Beach and Harbor Pier. This research was conducted using the visual census method at each station made transects with a distance of 5 m per transect. Each transect is 50 m long parallel to the shoreline. Observations were made by snorkeling along the 2.5 m transect line to the right and the left, then the fish obtained were drawn using waterproof paper, numbered per species, and photographed using an underwater camera for identification. Data analysis was carried out, including descriptive analysis to analyze fish characteristics and quantitative analysis to calculate data, including the Shannon Diversity Index (H'), Simpson's Dominance Index (C), and Evenness Index (E). The environmental parameters taken include water temperature, salinity, pH, and DO. This study identified a total of 59 species of reef fish from 17 families, with the dominant family was Pomacentridae. The level of diversity (H') at the research location at Pancuran Beach reachedÃÂ 3.392, while at the Harbor Pier, it reached 3.428. The Simpson Dominance Index (C) value at the Pancuran Beach location is 0.044, and the Harbor Pier is 0.047. The Evenness Index (E) value at the Pancuran Beach location is 0.88, and the Harbor Pier is 0.85. The difference in the index value is influenced by various environmental factors, both physically, chemically, and biologically.ÃÂ
Isolation, Purification, and Toxicity Test of Bacillus thuringiensis from Cows Cage Soil Againts Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bahri Syamsul , Zulkifli Lalu , Citra Rasmi Dewa Ayu , Sedijani Prapti
Published: February 2022

Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the bacteriae species that be able to kill insects. The latest research showed that the cell plasm of this bacteria contains crystalline protein with natural insectisides properties. Therefore the insecticidal effect of this species on insects which is decreasing cultivation plant production is interest to be examined. One of the insect species that are well-known causes of loss of farm production in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Therefore this research is designed to isolate, purify, and thenassess Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity against Drosophila melanogaster as animal treatment. Bacillus thuringiensis was successfully isolated from soil ofÃÂ  cows cage by using Lauria Bertani medium contain 0,25 M buffer solution Acetic, pH 6.8. The result shows that Bacillus thuringiensis isolate is a gram-positive bacteria. Position of endospore is located between the middle and the end of the cell (subterminal spore). Toxicity test was conducted by mixing 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L of pure Bacillus thuringiensis isolate intoÃÂ  Drosophila melanogaster medium. The treatments effect were monitored for 15 consecutive days. Toxicity test shows that the treatment has no significant effect on the treated animal mortality. This result shows that crystal-producing Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from cows cage soil do not have insecticidal properties for Drosophila melanogaster. It is concluded that Drosophila melanogaster is a non-target species of Bacillus thuringiensis.
Diversity of Butterfly (Rhopalocera) in The River Flow Area at Taman Hutan Raya Sesaot as an Enrichment of Animal Ecology Practicum Materials
Authors: Hapsari Rawindy Aulia , Idrus Agil Al , Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa
Published: February 2022

The butterfly is one of the insects type that originated from the order of lepidoptera, which having scaly wings. The scales is what gives pattern on the butterfliesÃ¢â¬â¢ wings. In ecosystems, butterflies serves as a pollinator that helps plants to reproduce. Besides, butterflies like the environment that is close to the river flow. Thus allowing the possibility of butterflies activities in the surrounding area over the river flow at Taman Hutan Raya Sesaot. The research is aimed to identify species of butterflies (suborder Rhopalocera) and to determine the level of diversity of butterflies in the river flow areas at Taman Hutan Raya Sesaot. This research is carried out from January until February 2021 in the river flow area at Taman Hutan Raya Sesaot. Conducted in three points, namely the path of water 1, the path skirting the woods and pathways of water 2. The methods of taking samples of butterflies conducted by purposive survey method. The mechanical technic of taking samples is done by using nets insects. Analysis of butterfly diversity index obtained diversity index (H') and index of dominance (D). Analysis of butterfly diversity index obtained diversity index (H') for all species, namely 2.29 (medium category). Analysis index of dominance obtained index of dominance for the entire species, namely 0.13 (relatively low). Based on the results of the research, the writer found 16 species (164 individuals) that were included into the four families of Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae.
The Potency of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) and Kemangi leaf (Ocimum basilicum) as Biopesticide against Schizophyllum commune Fries
Authors: Diba Farah , Nauli Ulvatur Rochmawati , Winarsih Wiwik , Oramahi H A
Published: February 2022

Schizophyllum communeÃÂ Fries is a wood rot fungus that attacks living trees and wood products which causes high economic losses. The research objective was to evaluate the extracts of kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorataÃÂ L) and kemangi (Ocimum basilicumÃÂ L) as a biopesticide to controlÃÂ Schizophyllum communeÃÂ Fries. The solvents used for extracting the leaves of Kirinyuh and kemangi were 96% ethanol solvent in a ratio of 1: 3 (w/v). The extracts then formed into 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% concentration and mixed into PDA medium. The media was poured into a petri dish and then kept in incubator room. Then the isolates ofÃÂ Schizophyllum communeÃÂ Fries fungus, seven days old with a five mm diameter, were put in the medium center. The parameter test was the value inhibition the fungal growth, comparing control treatment and the given concentration treatment. The results of research showed that kirinyuh leaf extract at a concentration of 2% has strong antifungal values with growth inhibition of 74.25%, at concentration 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% had a strong antifungal value with growth inhibition of 82.97%; 88.90%; 89.49% and 91.67%. Extracts of kemangi leaf had strong antifungal values (at concentration 2% and 4%) with growth inhibition of 66.63% and 71.72%, while at concentration 6%, 8%, and 10% had a strong antifungal value with inhibition of fungal growth by 81.05%; 83.02%; and 100%. The bioactive compounds found in kemangi leaf extracts were saponins, flavonoids, and linalool which are toxic and kill fungi. Kirinyuh leaf extract has an active alkaloid compound that is toxic and inhibits the formation of fungal cell walls. The optimal concentration of kemangi extract to inhibit the growth of Schizophyllum communeÃÂ was 6% and from kirinyuh extract was 4%.ÃÂ
Spatial Distribution and Population Characteristics of Xylocarpus sp. in North Halmahera Regency North Maluku
Authors: Tolangara A.R , Amalia R.L Nurul , MasÃ¢â¬â¢ud Abdu , Sundari Sundari
Published: February 2022

North Halmahera Regency is one of the mangrove spots of the Xylocarpus sp species with a fairly abundant amount. This study aims to determine the distribution map of Xylocarpus sp species and population character of Xylocarpus sp in North Halmahera Regency. This research was conducted from April to June 2021. The method used included a mapping survey of Xylocarpus sp by recording the coordinates from GPS for each Xylocarpus sp found. Determination of population character of Xylocarpus sp was done by observing plant morphology related to vitality and periodicity. Data analysis was carried out by processing coordinate data and observational data on the character of the population of Xylocarpus sp into a base map through a GIS application. The results showed that the species Xylocarpus sp. found in North Halmahera district was Xylocarpus granatum. The distribution pattern of Xylocarpus granatum in North Halmaera is spread in groups. Population characteristics show Xylocarpus granatum in very low sociality conditions, vitality in a well-growing state, periodicity in flowering and fruiting conditions.
Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) at Lakey Beach, Hu'u District, Dompu Regency
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Santoso Didik , Karnan Karnan
Published: February 2022

Sea urchins are marine biota that have many benefits for life, so there is a need for information about the existence of sea urchins. The existence of sea urchins in marine ecosystems has a significant influence on the ecological balance, one of which is for coral reefs, because sea urchins are one of the control of macroalgae populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the species abundance, diversity index, dominance index and distribution pattern of sea urchins (Echinoidea) at Lakey Beach, Hu'u District, Dompu Regency. This type of research is descriptive exploratory using purposive sampling method (chosen method) in determining the three research stations. The data obtained were analyzed using the species formula, the Shanon Wienner diversity index, the Simpson dominance index, and the Morisita index. The results showed that the highest species on the Lakey Coast were Echinometra mathei with values of 0.60 Ind/mÃÂ² and Echinometra viridis with values of 0.45 Ind/mÃÂ². The diversity index of sea urchins at Lakey Beach is included in the moderate criteria with a species diversity index value of H'=1.03. The sea urchin dominance index in Lakey Beach is included in the low criteria with a species dominance index of 0.42. The distribution pattern of sea urchins on Lakey Beach includes two criteria, namely flocking and uniform. Types of sea urchins that belong to a grouped distribution pattern are Echinometra mathei and Echinometra viridis. While the types of sea urchins that have a uniform distribution pattern are Diadema setosum, Echinotrix calamaris (brown striped spines), Mespilia globulus, and Tripneustus gratilia. This research can be used as a reference and source of information to see the condition of the ecosystem in Lakey Beach, Hu'u District, Dompu Regency. So that the community and can preserve marine life such as sea urchins (Echinoidea) so that their lives can be maintained.
Utilization of Home Yard for Lettuce Cultivation with a Hydroponic
Authors: Marnando Ungki , Widayanti Widayanti , Septilia Septilia , Hasanah Uswatun , Sinensis Arini Rosa
Published: February 2022

The development of technology is currently very rapid, especially technological developments in the agricultural sector. However, some farmers do not use the land as an agricultural business. The purpose of the study was to provide a strategy for using yard land as hydroponic lettuce cultivation. This research method is a survey. The research instrument used an open questionnaire, interviews and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that vegetable cultivation can be done hydroponically. Vegetables grown hydroponically in this study were lettuce. Planting using a hydroponic system is an environmentally friendly plant process because its cultivation does not require excessive pesticides. In addition, it can take advantage of a narrow land as a planting medium. Further research needs to analyze the types of hydroponic plants that are suitable for each surrounding area
Phytochemical test of several eco-handsanitizer candidates
Authors: Eskundari Ratna Dewi , Wiharti Tri , Hanik Nur Rokhimah , Fatimah Fety , Salamah Umi , Murwani Antik
Published: February 2022

Ecoenzymes are natural ingredients formed from the fermentation of fruit and or vegetable residues that have many benefits. One of the benefits of ecoenzymes is that they can be used as eco-handsanitizers; which can be used as a candidate for handsanitizer for those who are allergic to alcohol-based handsanitizer. This study aims to determine the pH, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal content of the candidate eco-handsanitizer solution through alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin test, also fungal-inhibition test. The candidate eco-handsanitizer solution was made from an ecoenzyme solution derived from fruit or vegetable residue and added with aloe vera gel and vitamin C or E. The results showed that eco-handsanitizer candidate solution derived from ecoenzyme solution with a dilution of 1:500 or 1:4 and added with aloe vera and vitamin E had a pH that tends to be acidic after 5 weeks of manufacture. The candidate eco-handsanitizer solution contained alkaloid compounds up to 2nd week for 1:500 dilution or up to 5th week for 1:4. Fungal test also showed positive results of one of the treatments in inhibiting fungal growth until the 11th day. These results were expected to be used as guidelines for further research, such as quantitative and qualitative tests for more sensitive alkaloids, for example using GC-MS.ÃÂ
Diversity of Annelida Worm as a Bioindicator of Water Quality in Unus Estuary, Mataram Lombok
Authors: Hartini Husnayati
Published: February 2022

Condition of river is strongly influenced by the characteristics and the surrounding environment. Unus River is one of the rivers in Mataram City that flows throughout the year. The flow of the Unus River is used by residents for irrigation purposes, household waste disposal, market waste, industrial waste and so on. The purpose of this study was to determine annelida diversity index and to determine chemical and physical conditions of waters. The study was conducted by dividing into 10 stations by stratified random sampling. Physical and chemical parameters measured were pH, temperature, DO, BOD, C Organic, depth and turbidity. Data analysis is descriptively. The results showed that 6 species found in the estuary of Unus such as Tubifex sp, Branchiura sp, Nereis sp, Lumbriculus sp, Capitella sp and Halobdella sp. Ecosystem conditions are not balanced and there is a tendency to high ecological pressure. Physical and chemistry waters quality are still below the quality standard but there is a tendency DO deficit at each station.
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN Spirulina sp. DENGAN KOMBINASI PUPUK YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Cahya Nilam , Waspodo Saptono , Setyono Bagus Dwi Hari
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi pupuk (urea,NPK dan TSP) dengan dosisberbeda terhadap pertumbuhan Spirulina sp. Penelitian inidilaksanakan pada tanggal 11 Oktober sampai 19 Oktober 2019 yang bertempat di InstalasiPribadi Jl. Sultan Salahudin Gg. Manggis Perumahan Graha Cendana Blok J no 4, Sekarbela,Kota Mataram. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap(RAL), dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan yaitu: Perlakuan A:(0 ml/lUrea; 0 ml/l NPK; 0 ml/l TSP) (kontrol), Perlakuan B: (1 ml/l Urea; 0,05 ml/l NPK; 0,02 ml/lTSP), Perlakuan C:(1,5 ml/l Urea; 0,1 ml/l NPK; 0,03 ml/l TSP), Perlakuan D:(2 ml/l Urea; 0,15ml/l NPK; 0,04 ml/l TSP). Hasil penelitian selama 9 hari proses kultur pada perlakuan D dengankombinasi pupuk (urea, NPK, dan TSP) sebanyak (0,4 g/l Urea; 0,04 g/l NPK; 0,008 g/l TSP)didapat hasil kepadatan tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 831 ind/ml sedangkan nilai terendah didapatpada perlakuan A (tanpa pupuk) yaitu sebanyak 505 ind/ml dan laju pertumbuhan hariantertinggi didapat pada perlakuan D dengan kombinasi pupuk (urea, NPK, dan TSP) sebanyak(0,4 g/l Urea; 0,04 g/l NPK; 0,008 g/l TSP) yaitu sebanyak 0.413 ind/ml/hari sedangkan nilaiterendah didapat pada perlakuan A (tanpa pupuk) yaitu sebanyak 0.484 ind/ml/hari.
THE EFFECT OF SOAKING DURATION OF GUPPY FISH (Poecilia raticulata) IN COCONUT WATER (Cocos nucifera L) ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MASCULINIZATION
Authors: Finanta Arnu , Mukhlis Alis , Paryono Paryono
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in the duration of immersion of the best Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L) on the effectiveness of masculinization. The method used was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications (each treatment was given 40% coconut water), namely treatment A (4 January), treatment B (6 hours), treatment C ( 8 hours), treatment D (10 hours) and treatment E (12 hours). The results of an analysis of variance showed that the difference in the duration of immersion of guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) with coconut water (Cocos nucifera L) 40% on masculinization showed significantly different results (p <0.05) on male sex ratio and survival rate. The best percentage of males was found in treatment E of 12 hours immersion (93.33%) and the lowest percentage was in treatment A of 4 hours immersion (43.33%) meanwhile, the average survival of all treatments was very good (100%) was not there is death.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS ANGGUR LAUT (Caulerpa sp.) TELUK SEPANG KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Septiyaningrum Ines , Utami Maya Angraini Fajar , Johan Yar
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan menganalisis kerapatan Anggur Laut di Pantai Teluk Sepang Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2020. Metode Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Data yang dikumpulkan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Kualitas air yang diamati seperti suhu yang diperoleh pada saat penelitian yaitu 30-31oC, nilai pH yaitu 7,7-7,8, kecerahan berkisar antara 0,5–0,68 meter. Ditemukan 3 spesies Anggur laut di Pantai Teluk Sepang Kota Bengkulu dengan masing-masing nilai kerapatan relatif yaitu Caulerpa taxifolia (46,6 ind/m2), Caulerpa racemosa (52,1 ind/m2) dan Caulerpa lentillifera (1,2 ind/m2).
PERCEPATAN PERTUMBUHAN BENIH KERANG MUTIARA (Pinctada maxima) MENGGUNAKAN METODA PERENDAMAN DALAM BAK PAKAN ALAMI
Authors: Mukhlis Alis , Ilmi Nadirah Karimatul , Rahmatullah Sanca , Ilyas Anita Prihatini , Dermawan Awan
Published: February 2022

Kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) merupakan salah satu sumber daya laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi namun produksinya membutuhkan waktu yang lama, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk dipasarkan. Ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan pakan dengan ketersediaan pakan alami di perairan diduga menjadi salah satu faktor lambatnya pertumbuhan benih kerang mutiara. Permasalahan ini dapat ditanggulangi dengan melakukan perendaman dalam bak pakan alami secara periodik sehingga kebutuhan pakan benih kerangmutiara dapat terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh periode perendaman benih dalam bak pakan alami terhadap pertumbuhan benih kerang mutiara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juni – September 2019 di Teluk Siung, Desa Batu Putih, Kecamatan Sekotong Barat, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap teridiri atas lima perlakuakn yaitu A, tanpa perendaman (sebagi kontrol); B, perendaman dengan interval 1 minggu; C, perendaman dengan interval 2 minggu; D, perendaman dengan interval 3 minggu; dan E, perendaman dengan interval 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dalam bak pakan alami memberi pengaruh yang signifikan pada pertumbuhan cangkang (dorso-ventral) benih kerang mutiara Pinctada maxima (p<0,05). Pertumbuhan tertinggi dicapai pada perendaman dengan interval waktu tiap 2 minggu denga nilai pertumbuhan mutlak sebesar 10,99 mm, pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 219,8 % dari ukuran awal, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 1,30 % per hari. Metode ini perlu diuji pada benih yang berukuran lebih besar dari yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat konsistensi penerapan metoda perendaman dalam budidaya benih kerang mutiara.
MASCULINIZATION OF BETTA FISH (Betta splendens) LARVA USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF HONEY
Authors: Waisapy Febriany , Soumokil Agustina W , Laimeheriwa Brury M
Published: February 2022

Male betta fish are more popular and expensive than female betta fish because they have a more beautiful body shape and color. One effort to increase the male fish population is the masculinization method to reverse the sex of the fish to become male, so that the profit value is higher (Siregar, 2018). Generally, sex reversal uses a steroid hormone: 17?-methyltestosterone (MT) by the method: immersion, injection or oral through feed. However, this MT hormone has side effects that can cause pollution, liver damage in test animals and can cause death (Djihad, 2015 in Nazar, 2017). This study was conducted to determine the survival of the larvae and the increase in the percentage of male betta fish by soaking different types of honey. The method used in this study was a laboratory experiment using 3 treatments, namely A (forest honey), B (cattle honey), C (propolis) and 3 replications. Betta fish larvae as test animals were 7 days old, with honey soaked for 10 hours at a concentration of 5ml/L, then reared for 60 days. The results showed that the survival rate of betta fish larvae after honey soaking treatment (10 hours) averaged 100% and the percentage of betta fish survival during maintenance (60 days) ranged from 23-28% where the highest survival was in forest honey ( 28%). Furthermore, the average sex percentage of male sex larvae in the treatment of forest honey immersion (97%), propolis honey (90%), livestock honey (63%) and control (29%). Thus it can be concluded that forest honey is the right type of honey that plays an important role in the masculinization process of betta fish larvae.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DAUN KETAPANG Terminalia catappa TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LARVA UDANG VANAME Litopenaeus vannamei PADA SALINITAS 0 PPT
Authors: Scabra Andre Rachmat , Junaidi Muhammad , Rinaldi Lalu Aan Okta
Published: February 2022

Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi saat ini adalah masih rendahnya tingkat sintasan postlarva vannamei walaupun telah berkembang berbagai metode aklimatisasi ke salinitas rendah. diperlukannya upaya untuk dapat menangani masalah keterlambatan pertumbuhan udang yang di pelihara pada salinitas rendah. Salah satunya yakni dengan penambahan kalsium pada media budidaya. Kelarutan kalsium sangat dibutuhkan dalam rangka membantu proses penyerapan kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan kalsium dengan penambahan daun ketapang untuk menambah performa produksi dan pertumbuhan larva udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan RAL, dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Dosis yang digunakan  adalah 50 ppm kapur (CaCO3) dengan dosis kepatang 0, 0,12, 0,24, 0,36, dan 0,48 ppt. Parameter yang di uji antara lain pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, rasio konversi pakan, tingkat konsumsi oksigen, kadar kalsium dalam air dan kualitas air meliputi suhu, pH, DO, salinitas dan amonia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daun ketapang dengan dosis 0,48 memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, rasio konversi pakan, tingkat konsumsi dan oksigen, kadar kalsium. Sedangkan penambahan daun ketapang dengan dosis 0,36 ppt memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Dengan demikian, penambahan daun kepatang mampu menambah performa dan pertumbuhan pada larva udang vaname.
Profile of student ability of science literacy in biology at the second grade of junior high school state in Mataram District Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Ayudya , Setiadi Dadi , Artayasa I Putu
Published: February 2022

This research aims to describe the student ability of science literacy in Biology at the second grade of Junior High School State in Mataram district Lombok Island Indonesia. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The subject of this research was second-grade students. The data collection technique used the instrument ability of science literacy test regarding indicators competence of science literacy. The technique of data analysis was done descriptively. These results show that the student ability of science literacy at 53.7. At the same time, students' achievement is dominated by the aspect of competence in evaluating and designing investigation scientifically at 65.5%. The average in the element of competence explains the phenomenon scientifically at 49.2%, and the lowest competence in interpreting data and evidencing scientifically at 45.8%. Therefore, the student ability of science literacy of Junior High School state in Mataram sub-district including the low category.