bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle-Specific Promoters for Gene Therapy
Authors: Skopenkova Victoria V. , Egorova Tatiana V. , Bardina Maryana V.
Published: April 2021

Many genetic diseases that are responsible for muscular disorders have been described to date. Gene replacement therapy is a state-of-the-art strategy used to treat such diseases. In this approach, the functional copy of a gene is delivered to the affected tissues using viral vectors. There is an urgent need for the design of short, regulatory sequences that would drive a high and robust expression of a therapeutic transgene in skeletal muscles, the diaphragm, and the heart, while exhibiting limited activity in non-target tissues. This review focuses on the development and improvement of muscle-specific promoters based on skeletal muscle -actin, muscle creatine kinase, and desmin genes, as well as other genes expressed in muscles. The current approaches used to engineer synthetic muscle-specific promoters are described. Other elements of the viral vectors that contribute to tissue-specific expression are also discussed. A special feature of this review is the presence of up-to-date information on the clinical and preclinical trials of gene therapy drug candidates that utilize muscle-specific promoters.
Chromatin Modifiers in Transcriptional Regulation: New Findings and Prospects
Authors: Mazina Marina Yu. , Vorobyeva Nadezhda E.
Published: April 2021

Histone-modifying and remodeling complexes are considered the main coregulators that affect transcription by changing the chromatin structure. Coordinated action by these complexes is essential for the transcriptional activation of any eukaryotic gene. In this review, we discuss current trends in the study of histone modifiers and chromatin remodelers, including the functional impact of transcriptional proteins/complexes i.e., pioneers; remodeling and modification of non-histone proteins by transcriptional complexes; the supplementary functions of the non-catalytic subunits of remodelers, and the participation of histone modifiers in the pause of RNA polymerase II. The review also includes a scheme illustrating the mechanisms of recruitment of the main classes of remodelers and chromatin modifiers to various sites in the genome and their functional activities.
Voltage-Sensing Domain of the Third Repeat of Human Skeletal Muscle NaV1.4 Channel As a New Target for Spider Gating Modifier Toxins
Authors: Myshkin Mikhail Yu. , Paramonov Alexander S. , Kulbatskii Dmitrii S. , Surkova Yelizaveta A. , Berkut Antonina A. , Vassilevski Alexander A. , Lyukmanova E. N. , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Shenkarev Zakhar O.
Published: April 2021

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) have a modular architecture and contain five membrane domains. The central pore domain is responsible for ion conduction and contains a selectivity filter, while the four peripheral voltage-sensing domains (VSD-I/IV) are responsible for activation and rapid inactivation of the channel. Gating modifier toxins from arthropod venoms interact with VSDs, influencing the activation and/or inactivation of the channel, and may serve as prototypes of new drugs for the treatment of various channelopathies and pain syndromes. The toxin-binding sites located on VSD-I, II and IV of mammalian NaV channels have been previously described. In this work, using the example of the Hm-3 toxin from the crab spider Heriaeus melloteei, we showed the presence of a toxin-binding site on VSD-III of the human skeletal muscle NaV1.4 channel. A developed cell-free protein synthesis system provided milligram quantities of isolated (separated from the channel) VSD-III and its 15N-labeled analogue. The interactions between VSD-III and Hm-3 were studied by NMR spectroscopy in the membrane-like environment of DPC/LDAO (1 : 1) micelles. Hm-3 has a relatively high affinity to VSD-III (dissociation constant of the complex Kd ~6 M), comparable to the affinity to VSD-I and exceeding the affinity to VSD-II. Within the complex, the positively charged Lys25 and Lys28 residues of the toxin probably interact with the S1S2 extracellular loop of VSD-III. The Hm-3 molecule also contacts the lipid bilayer surrounding the channel.
Особливості сокільської діяльності українських організацій у Чехословаччині у міжвоєнні роки
Authors: Тимошенко Юрій
Published: April 2021

Анотація. У статті poзглянуто діяльність українських cокільських організацій міжвоєнного чaсу у Чехословаччині. З об’єктивних причин ці джepeла все ще залишаються поза увагою дослідників. Мета. Ознайомити читача з новими архівними матеріалами. Методи. Історичний аналіз архівних джерел. Результати. Було встановлено, що українські товариства «Сокіл» за межами своєї батьківщини формуються з 1922 р. в новопосталій Чехословацькій Pеспубліці і наступні кілька poків проводять в opганізаційних турботах у різних містах цієї кpаїни, де українці ще не становили організаційної єдності. Роз’єднаність і автономність українських «Соколів» припиняється у 1926 р., кoли у Празі проводиться VIII Сокільський Здвиг. У березні 1927 р. представники всіх українських сокільських організацій провели установчий з’їзд, який пpoголосив створення громадського об’єднання «Союз українських сокільських оргaнізацій у Чехословаччині». Фінансова проблема, повернення значної частини українців на батьківщину призвели до того, що в найближчі кілька років діяльність товариства припинилася. Багато українських соколів пepeїхали до Аргентини, що сприяло появі там українських фізкультурних організацій. Taким чином, у 1928 р. закінчується перший період організаційного існування українських сокільських організацій у ЧСР. Після ліквідації Союзу вся активна діяльнiсть  зосepeджується у м. Подебради, що на певний час стає таким собі неофіційним центром українського сокільського життя. Biйськовe знищення мирних громадян України в Польщі (так звані «пацифікації») змусило українську еміграцію в Чехословаччині висловити свою позицію щодо цього злочину. 3 грудня 1930 р. «Український Сокіл» у Подебрадах схвалив протест проти польського терору, під яким підписалися українські соколи з Брно, Ржевниці, Пшибраму та Праги. Протест було надіслано до Президії Чехословацької Сокільської громади. Поява українських сокільських організацій за межами ЧСР поставила на порядок денний потребу створення Союзу Українського Сокільства за кордоном (СУСЗАК), який з’явився в 1931 р. Президентом було обрано В. Прохода. До середини 1930-х років українська еміграція була дуже політизованою. У попередні роки цього не спостерігалося. Трагізм такої ситуації полягає в тому, що протистояння йде не так по лінії комуністи-націоналісти, скільки в середовищі національно свідомого українства. Після нацистського загарбання Чехословаччини українські сокільські товариства відмовилися від підтримки окупаційної влади і саморозпустилися.

Ключові слова: сокільство, руханка, здвиг, українська еміграція.
Змагальна діяльність біатлоністів високої кваліфікації на сучасному етапі розвитку біатлону
Authors: Кравченко Олексій , Карленко Василь
Published: April 2021

Анотація. У роботі розглянуто питання, що стосуються організаційних аспектів побудови змагальної діяльності  біатлоністів високої кваліфікації на сучасному етапі розвитку біатлону. Мета. Розглянути чинники, що впливають на змагальну діяльність біатлоністів високої кваліфікації та розвиток біатлону на сучасному етапі. Методи. Аналіз та узагальнення науково-методичної літератури, протоколів змагань. Результати. Авторами узагальнено фактори та тенденції змагальної діяльності, впорядковано наявне співвідношення показників змагальної діяльності в розіграші Кубка світу, чемпіонатах світу та зимових Олімпійських іграх. За результатами дослідження висловлено застереження щодо доцільності подальшого розширення календаря міжнародних змагань та збільшення кількості змагальних дисциплін, оскільки їх реалізація заходиться на межі фізіологічних можливостей спортсменів. У дослідженні зроблено висновок про доцільність подальшого наукового обґрунтування удосконалення системи побудови змагальної діяльності біатлоністів високої кваліфікації шляхом розробки модельних характеристик та індивідуальних програм змагальної діяльності.

Ключові слова: біатлон, змагальна діяльність, змагальні дисципліни, програма змагань.
Психофізіологічні характеристики фехтувальників на шпагах на різних етапах багаторічної підготовки
Authors: Бріскін Юрій , Задорожна Ольга , Смирновська Софія , Смирновський Сергій
Published: April 2021

Анотація. Еволюція змагальної діяльності у фехтуванні, неможливість збільшення обсягів та інтенсивності тренувальних навантажень фехтувальників на шпагах обумовлює пошук нових шляхів та резервів до вдосконалення різних сторін їх підготовленості. За останні роки, у зв’язку з активними процесами комерціалізації в спорті, суттєво збільшилася кількість змагань, у яких беруть участь висококваліфіковані спортсмени. Як наслідок – зросла інтенсивність змагальної діяльності та підвищились вимоги до підготовленості спортсменів. Тренери та науковці почали шукати нові шляхи підвищення результативності змагальної діяльності спортсменів, серед таких підходів можна виділити дослідження психофізіологічних характеристик та врахування їх під час побудови підготовки спортсменів у єдиноборствах. Мета. Визначити психофізіологічні характеристики фехтувальників на шпагах на етапах спеціалізованої базової підготовки та максимальної реалізації індивідуальних можливостей спортсменів. Методи. Теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення, документальний метод, метод вимірювання та математичної статистики. Результати. Для визначення психофізіологічних характеристик фехтувальників на шпагах нами було використано комплекс для психофізіологічного тестування «Нейрософт-психотест». У дослідженні взяли участь 15 фехтувальників на шпагах на етапі максимальної реалізації індивідуальних можливостей, а також 15 фехтувальників на шпагах на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки. За допомогою цього комплексу було здійснено вимірювання простої зорово-моторної реакції, реакції розрізнення, вибору, на рухомий об’єкт, силової витривалості кисті та стійкості до перешкод. Для фехтувальників на етапі максимальної реалізації індивідуальних можливостей характерний високий рівень простої зорово-моторної реакції, реакції розрізнення та реакції вибору, висока стійкість до перешкод, а також під час реалізації реакції на рухомий об’єкт переважає кількість випереджень над кількістю запізнень.

Ключові слова: психофізіологія, фехтування на шагах, спортивні єдиноборства, етап багаторічної підготовки.
Prácticas pedagógicas en el contexto de la educación inclusiva: Alfabetización basada en el método tronco y del Cerro para estudiantes con síndrome de Down
Authors: Siqueira Leni Porto Costa
Published: April 2021

Este artículo es un estudio descriptivo, con un enfoque cualitativo, con el informe del proceso de alfabetización de un estudiante con Síndrome de Down (SD), teniendo como principio rector las contribuciones del método de Aprendizaje Perceptivo-Discriminatorio desarrollado por Troncoso y del Cerro (2004), que ejemplifican el método global para alfabetizar a las personas con SD, utilizando materiales didácticos personalizados dirigidos a las especificidades e intereses del estudiante. Desde esta perspectiva, presentamos el caso práctico, con la experiencia de la alfabetización, en el contexto inclusivo, de un estudiante con SD, realizado en un colegio público de la ciudad de Niterói. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de la observación directa en las actividades escolares, actividades extracurriculares y la relación del estudiante con sus compañeros, a través de entrevistas con los padres e investigación en el registro escolar del estudiante. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de materiales estructurados y personalizados, basados en el trabajo de lectura y escritura para personas con SD desarrollado por Troncoso y del Cerro (2004), contribuye a desarrollar habilidades de alfabetización, a pesar de las dificultades de aprendizaje involucradas en el síndrome.
The Added Value of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Breast in Surgical Decision
Authors: Makboul Marwa , Farghaly Shimaa , Jabir Murad A , Hassan Ramy A , Refaat Shehata Mahmoud
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast MRI has demonstrated excellent sensitivity in determining the extent of breast cancer and occult malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate the added value of breast MRI compared to mammography and ultrasonography in surgical decision.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 female patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer by ultrasonography and mammography where conservative breast surgery was initially considered, and then bilateral breast MRI was performed and the multidisciplinary decision was revised. The data was analyzed to determine the additional value of breast MRI in treatment planning.Results: Eighty-four patients were included of whom 44 (52.4%) patients had additional findings on MRI. The treatment plan was changed after the second ultrasonography and histopathology in 44 patients (52.4%) with a remarkable increase in the rate of modified radical mastectomy after MRI. Conclusion: Preoperative breast MRI has great value in defining the surgical decision in patients with early breast cancer.
Treatment of Post-Breast Surgery Pain Syndrome with Botulinum Toxin: Analysis of The Response to the Addition of Levobupivacaine and to the Type of Surgery
Authors: Puentes-Gutiérrez Ana-Belén , García-Bascones María , Sánchez-Casado Marcelino , Fernández-García Laura , Puentes-Gutiérrez Rebeca , Marquina-Valero María-Angustias
Published: April 2021

Background: The spasm and/or contracture of the pectoralis major contribute to the post-breast surgery pain. The purpose of our study was to evaluate changes in the post-breast surgical pain syndrome after the infiltration of botulinum-toxin type-A (BTX-A), according to the type of surgery and the reconstitution of the botulinum-toxin. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Rehabilitation Department with two cohorts: BTX-A reconstituted with saline solution (SS group) or with levobupivacaine (LV group). Data about pectoralis major contracture and pain (global, at night, at rest and during activity) before the infiltration and six weeks after that were collected from the medical records and compared between SS and LV groups, and between conservative breast surgery and mastectomy cases. Results: in the study, 48 women aged 53.3 (±11.10) years were included, with 26 (54.2%) in SS group and 22 (45.8%) in LV group. There were no differences between both groups except transitory paresis (3.8% vs 22.7%; P=0.022). In all patients, baseline circumstances vs after 6 weeks were compared, and we found significant differences in contracture (1,77 (±0.57) vs 0.97 (±0.79)), VAS global (5.45 (±1.92) vs 3.46 (±2.48)), VAS night (3.17 (±3.13) vs 1.61 (±2.29)), VAS rest (2.14 (±2.56) vs 1.21 (±1.98)) and VAS activity (4.31 (±2.55) vs 2.78 (±2.58)). We found higher improvements in the breast conservative surgery. Conclusion: A significant lower pain and contracture after BTX-A injection in the pectoralis major was observed, but its reconstitution in levobupivacaine may not be an effective method to increase the analgesic effect. There were higher improvements in the breast conservative surgery than in the mastectomy.
Breast Cancer Prevalence and Management in Hispanic Women: Comparison to Black and White Women at a Regional Medical Center
Authors: Perregaux Sara , Self Stella , Collins Justin , Renfro Sarah , VanHale Charlotte , Ansari Ahmer , McKinley Brian , Rippon Mary , Schammel Christine , Schammel David
Published: April 2021

Background: While stage and grade of breast cancer determines prognosis and outcome, race also impacts survival. While Black and White women have been studied, data for Hispanic women is sparse. Methods: Age-matched Hispanic, Black and White women diagnosed/treated with breast cancer at a single institution were retrospectively evaluated regarding prevalence, treatments and outcomes. Results: Overall, 120 women were included in the study (40 per race). No demographic/histologic variables were significantly different among races. ER+/PR+ tumors were less frequent in Hispanics than Whites, but higher than Blacks. Prevalence of triple negative breast cancers in Hispanic women was between the Black and White cohorts (p=0.025 and p=0.011, respectively). Stage II and III diagnoses (p=0.025) were more frequent in Hispanics and they opted for chemotherapy more often (p=0.034); however, there were no significant differences in outcomes and mortality among groups. When compared to the State tumor registry, our population had more LCIS diagnoses (p=0.01), earlier stages (I p=0.02; II p=0.006), received more treatment overall (radiation p=0.02, chemotherapy p=0.0001) and experienced better survival (p=0.004). In comparing the study population to the SEER database, higher rates of LCIS and IDC and lower rates of ILC and mixed histology in the study population were noted. LCIS and IDC were more prevalent in our cohort than SEER data (p=0.005, p=0.05, respectively), although we noted less ILC and mixed histology (p=0.03 and p=0.04). Conclusion: These data are the first reported for Hispanics in our state and highlight the need for larger studies to better serve this growing demographic.
Preliminary Report of Partial-breast Irradiation Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy from COMBAT-NEO: Clinical Outcome of Multicatheter BrAchyTherapy after NEOadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Sato Kazuhiko , Fuchikami Hiromi , Takeda Naoko , Shimo Takahiro , Kato Masahiro , Okawa Tomohiko
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with partial-breast irradiation (PBI) has become a standard alternative to whole-breast irradiation. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been widely performed for early breast cancer. Although BCT using perioperative PBI decreased invasiveness and geographic miss, risks of adverse events and local recurrence remain a concern for patients receiving NACT. Thus, a prospectively registered study, the Clinical Outcome of Multicatheter BrAchyTherapy after NEOadjuvant chemotherapy (COMBAT-NEO), was conducted.Methods: Patients who underwent BCT using multicatheter-interstitial brachytherapy (MIB) by intraoperative catheter implant were analyzed. Early and late adverse events (AEs) including higher grade skin toxicities and wound complications, and tumor control of patients receiving NACT were evaluated in comparison with adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) and no chemotherapy (no-CT).Results: Between April 2017 and February 2020, 265 consecutive patients who received single-stage BCT were evaluated, including 13 NACT (4.9%), 68 ACT (25.7%), and 184 no-CT (69.4%). The median follow-up time and age were 30.0 months and 59.0 years, respectively. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. Although AEs in NACT, ACT, and no-CT were observed in 1 (7.7%), 5 (7.4%), and 11 (6.0%) patients, respectively (p = 0.91) and there was no acute AE in NACT patients. Overall, 3 (1.1%) ipsilateral and 1 (0.4%) contralateral breast tumor recurrences were observed in no-CT patients. There were no regional and distant recurrences.Conclusion: Although this pilot study was based on a small sample size with short follow-up, these preliminary results support the study of a single-stage BCT with MIB-PBI following NACT.
Role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in Patients with Suspected Recurrent Breast Cancer: Additional Value over Conventional Imaging Modalities
Authors: Bakhshayeshkaram Mehrdad , Aghahosseini Farahnaz , Alavinejad Sara , Salehi Yalda , Seifi Sharareh , Hassanzad Maryam
Published: April 2021

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the added value of F-18 fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) compared with conventional imaging modalities for the evaluation of locoregional and distant sites of recurrence in breast cancer patients. Methods: From May 2013 to September 2016, 109 patients with suspected recurrent breast cancer who underwent conventional imaging and F-18 FDG PET/CT with an interval of 6 weeks were consecutively enrolled (mean age: 52.66 years; range: 29?79). Histopathologic results and clinical follow up based on the gold-standard imaging modality or serial imaging were considered as the reference for verification of F-18 FDG PET/CT findings. Results: Of 109 patients, 81 were found to have at least one site of recurrence (74.31%). Local recurrence was correctly identified in 32/32 patients following PET/CT, which was higher than that on conventional imaging (20/32, 62.5%). PET/CT detected 27 additional nodal metastases compared with conventional imaging (59 vs. 32, 45.76%), most frequently in the hilar/mediastinal region (n=27), followed by the supraclavicular lymph nodes (n=20, 62.5%), internal mammary lymph nodes (n=6, 18.77%), and axillary basin (n=6, 18.77%). Additional sites of distant metastasis were identified in 41 patients (37.61%) following F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging, 48.78% of which were localized in the skeletal system (n=20), 21.95% in the liver (n=9), 12.19% in the lungs (n=5), 12.19% in the brain (n=5), and 4.87% in the adrenal glands (n=2). Conclusion: F-18 FDG PET/CT serves as a useful supplement to conventional imaging techniques by identifying additional sites of disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer, which may change the preferred treatment strategy, particularly in regions that are not routinely evaluated by conventional imaging.
Technologies of drop irrigation of young almond garden on terraces in foothland conditions of the Kyzylsu-Yuzhnaya river basin
Authors: Domullodzhanov Daler
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of field experiments on the study of the technology of drip irrigation of a young almond orchard on terraces with clear cover with tillage soil surface, with use of mulching and overseeding of perennial grasses. In the variant with mulching, the minimum amount of irrigation observed – 24, with the irrigation norm – 1904 litre per tree. In other cases, the number of irrigation events increases from 8 to 23, respectively, the irrigation norms are 1.39 and 2.06 times.
Peculiarities of water-soil regime in the process of waste irrigation from livestock complexes
Authors: Kopytovskiy Viktor
Published: April 2021

Rational use of natural resources is one of the most acute problems not only in Belarus, but throughout the world. The development of industry, transport and the use of high-intensive technologies in agricultural sector result in the increase of air, land and water pollution. At the same time, wastewater is one of the sources of pollution, despite the fact that much attention is paid to their treatment and neutralization. Currently, various technologies are used for the disposal and treatment of livestock waste. One of them is the utilization of livestock waste for fertilizer irrigation of crops. For practical implementation of fertilizer irrigation, specialized reclamation systems have been built, a technology at the complexes that is based on the principle of full water circulation. Typically, such systems include a network of underground pipelines and irrigation equipment for irrigation, various purpose hydraulic structures, a fence and a drainage network for collecting contaminated surface and drainage water, which accumulate and reuse it for irrigation. When analyzing the operation of such water circulation system, at first glance it seems that the spread of pollution outside the irrigated territory is excluded. However, practical experience shows that complete cleaning and environmental safety, even on advanced systems, is not provided. Therefore, the performance of individual elements of the water reclamation system for fertilizer irrigation requires in-depth study and improvement.
Influence of drip irrigation on the formation of seedlings raspberries in the Non-Black earth zone
Authors: Dubenok Nikolay , Il'chenko Kirill
Published: April 2021

Due to the lack of scientifically grounded technologies for the cultivation of red raspberries in the gardens and nurseries of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, aimed at the minimum use of resources and funds, it is relevant research to establish the effect of different moisture availability on the growth, development and productivity of raspberries, as well as the development of an optimal soil moisture regime in the Non-Chernozemregion.

Field research is carried out on the territory of the training and experimental farm, the fruit-growing laboratory «Michurinsky Garden». Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. The experiment is two-factor, aimed at studying the different pre-irrigation moisture thresholds for the development of two varieties of raspberries, was laid in the fall of 2018.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE IMAGO PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE IN THE DERMACENTOR MARGINATUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) NATURAL POPULATION IN THE CENTRAL CISCAUCASIA
Authors:   Federal state healthcare institution Stavropol Antiplaque Research Institute for Plague Control of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Stavropol, Russia, Lazarenko E.V. , Shaposhnikova L.I. ,   Federal state healthcare institution Stavropol Antiplaque Research Institute for Plague Control of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Stavropol, Russia, Yermolova N.V. ,   Federal state healthcare institution Stavropol Antiplaque Research Institute for Plague Control of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Stavropol, Russia
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the seasonal changes in the age composition (physiological age) of imagoes of Dermacentor marginatus ticks natural populations. To determine the physiological age, we used 1477 hungry imagoes of D. marginatus, collected on a flannel flag, under the conditions of a stationary observation site. During the entire observation period, ticks of the third physiological age prevailed. Wintering imagoes include ticks of third and fourth physiological ages. In April, at the peak of activity, the nucleus of the population is made up of ticks of second and third physiological age. A small part of the population during this period is made up of individuals of fourth physiological age. In May, the percentage of recently activated individuals decreases markedly. In collections of this period, strongly emaciated individuals of fourth physiological age predominate. The summer population of ticks is represented by individuals of the third and fourth physiological ages. Their share is over 90%. Individuals of second physiological age were found by us only in early June and late August. In autumn, the bulk of the population is also represented by individuals of third and fourth physiological ages. Keywords: imagoes, Ixodes ticks, Dermacentor marginatus, Central Ciscaucasia, physiological age, age composition
PROINSECTICIDES
Authors:   Sсiеntifiс Rеsеarсh Disinfесtology Institutе, Moscow, Russia, Davlianidze T.A. , Eremina O.Y. ,   Sсiеntifiс Rеsеarсh Disinfесtology Institutе, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2021

Pro-insecticides are chemical compounds, the bioactivation of which occurs in the body of insects, where they are transformed into metabolites with greater insecticidal activity. These substances account for 20% of the total amount of insecticides on the market, and they account for 34% of the value of all world sales. Only after many years of use of insecticides did it become known that a significant part of them are precursors. According to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC), about 40% of chemical groups contain precursors that require structural changes to manifest their insecticidal properties. Currently, 16 chemical groups of insecticides are known, in which there are representatives of pro-insecticides. The main molecular targets are: nicotine-acetylcholine receptor (NAChR), voltage-gated K- and Na-channels, Cl-channel of the GABAreceptor, Cl-channel of glutamate receptor, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ryanodine receptor (RyR). The main direction of using pro-insecticides is the control of insecticide-resistant insect populations. The review summarizes and analyzes modern data on pro-insecticides, describes the main representatives and the mechanism of their transformation in the insect organism. Key words: pro-insecticides, insecticide resistance, insecticide mode of action, bioactivation
Wpływ geopolityki na bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Nigerii
Authors: Cherubin Dawid
Published: April 2021

Geopolityka jest dziedziną nauki, która bada rozmaite aspekty wewnętrzne oraz zewnętrzne kraju. Tymi aspektami są ekonomia, polityka, relacje społeczne, bogactwa naturalne, podział religijny, katastrofy naturalne etc. Nigeria ma bogate złoża surowców naturalnych oraz rozwija się gospodarczo, co klasyfikuje ją jako kraj przyjazny bezpośrednim inwestycjom zagranicznym (BIZ). Jednak zagrożenia geopolityczne, takie jak terroryzm oraz brak edukacji wśród osób młodych, całkowicie destabilizują państwo. Celem badawczym artykułu jest wyjaśnienie istoty wpływu geopolityki na BIZ w Nigerii oraz rozwój kraju. Za pośrednictwem ram OLI oraz CAGE zostaną przedstawione zagrożenia geopolityczne mające wpływ na wewnętrzny chaos Nigerii oraz przełożenie na BIZ.
Znaczenie państw Maghrebu w polityce Królestwa Hiszpanii przed akcesją do Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Salamon Justyna
Published: April 2021

Analizując znaczenie Maghrebu w polityce zagranicznej Hiszpanii, należy zwrócić uwagę na jego geostrategiczne położenie między Europą a Afryką. Z tego wynika priorytetowe traktowanie państw południowej części basenu Morza Śródziemnego. Istotne są również ich doświadczenia historyczne oraz pluralizm socjokulturowy (zderzenie cywilizacji chrześcijańskiej i muzułmańskiej). Na uwagę zasługują także wzajemne stosunki gospodarcze. Relacje Hiszpanii z Maghrebem są często postrzegane wyłącznie przez pryzmat stosunków z Marokiem. Opisać je można jako tzw. relación obcesiva. Przez dziesięciolecia w relacjach dwustronnych przede wszystkim skupiano się na problemach takich jak: imigracja, posiadłości hiszpańskie w Afryce Północnej, a także kwestia Sahary Zachodniej. Celem głównym dla Hiszpanii była stabilizacja nie tylko Maroka, ale całego Maghrebu. Strategiczne znaczenie regionu wynikało z jego bliskości geograficznej, potencjału ekonomiczno-handlowego oraz wpływów kulturowych.
Functions of educational psychologist in prevention addictions of modern youth
Authors: Boltivets Sergii , Flyarkovska Olha
Published: April 2021

The article provides a socio-pedagogical analysis of the problem of adolescents' use of psychoactive substances, alcoholic beverages. Psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at preventing the use of psychoactive substances and alcoholic beverages among young people, which are recommended for use by teachers, are generalized.
Psychological and pedagogical principles of organizing the pedagogical process aimed at developing a healthy personality that can learn throughout life, think critically, set goals and achieve them, work in a team, communicate in a multicultural environment, develop skills of equal communication, assertive behavior, listen to others, make decisions, defend one's own opinion, develop the ability to resist the pressure of advertising, learn to recognize the advertising strategies of tobacco and alcohol companies and define the conditions for strengthening I mental health in educational institutions.
It is noted that the important priorities of the educational process in the New Ukrainian School are the formation of adolescents' practical skills of responsible behavior in relation to their lives and health, as well as the health and life of the environment and the creation of a safe environment in education.
It is emphasized that the update of the existing algorithm of professional preventive and developmental activities involves: revision of the methodology of work with participants in the educational process; changing emphasis and priorities from process to result using effective methods of educational psychologist and social
pedagogue.
Generalized statistical and analytical data on the activities of educational and methodological centers (centers, offices, laboratories) of the psychological service in the education system indicate the provision of educational psychologists and social educators during the 2018-2019 academic years about 29, 5 million different types of psychological and socio-pedagogical assistance children, adolescents and young people invarious fields.
RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS OF BUS TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION USING COBIT 4.1
Authors: Setyadi Resad , Prabowo Handy Nur
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The role of information technology in transportation increases, namely in enjoying transportation services. One way to provide the best service for a transportation company to customers is to provide a bus booking application service. One of the companies that offer service applications is a bus transportation application located in Yogyakarta. Because the application system is considered necessary, stakeholders need IT risk management for the bus booking application. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk management of the bus transportation application. In measuring IT risk management, the author uses the Control Objective for information and Related Technology (COBIT) 4.1 domain Plan and Organize (PO) framework, especially PO9 (Assess and Manage IT risk). The analysis results show that if the bus transportation application is at level 2 in maturity level. It means that the company knows that there are problems that need resolving. Standard risk management in bus transportation applications tends to provide failed access in the progress of its service. The problem is solving individually and not yet at the integrated completion stage. In general, the application management approach needs to improve better management in the field of information technology.            Keywords: COBIT; plan and organize; risk management  Abstrak: Peran teknologi informasi dalam meningkatnya angkutan yaitu dalam menikmati layanan angkutan. Salah satu cara untuk memberikan layanan terbaik bagi perusahaan angkutan kepada pelanggan adalah dengan menyediakan layanan aplikasi pemesanan bus. Salah satu perusahaan yang menawarkan aplikasi jasa adalah aplikasi angkutan bus yang berlokasi di Yogyakarta. Karena sistem aplikasi dirasa perlu, maka stakeholders membutuhkan manajemen risiko TI untuk aplikasi pemesanan bus tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis manajemen risiko pada aplikasi angkutan bus. Dalam mengukur manajemen risiko TI, penulis menggunakan framework Control Objective for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) 4.1 domain Plan and Organize (PO), khususnya PO9 (Assessment and Manage IT risk). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan angkutan bus berada pada level 2 pada tingkat kematangan. Artinya perusahaan mengetahui bahwa ada masalah yang perlu diselesaikan. Manajemen resiko standar dalam aplikasi transportasi bus cenderung memberikan akses yang gagal dalam kemajuan layanannya. Masalahnya diselesaikan secara individu dan belum pada tahap penyelesaian terintegrasi. Secara umum, pendekatan manajemen aplikasi perlu meningkatkan manajemen yang lebih baik di bidang teknologi informasi. Kata kunci: COBIT; plan and organize; risk management
APLIKASI PENJUALAN ONLINE KERAJINAN LOKAL KHAS MASYARAKAT NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Lamawuran Theresia Yunita , Nani Paskalis Andrianus , Tedy Frengky
Published: April 2021

Abstract: East Nusa Tenggara, especially Oemasi village has rich natural potential so that the people of Oemasi village can produce various kinds of high-quality local crafts and have high selling points. The craft that is produced is usually in the form of woven cloth, scarf, ukulele, and others. The problem experienced by the Oemasi village community in selling crafts is the limited promotional media with conventional methods and the method of selling local crafts via social media also has shortcomings that are stock items that still have to be updated manually and sales history that is still recorded manually. This research aims to engineer the application of local craft sales in East Nusa Tenggara based on android which can be used as an alternative to assist the people of Oemasi village in selling local crafts in East Nusa Tenggara so that sales problems with conventional methods or through social media can be resolved. The software development model used in this research is the Waterfall model.            Keywords: android; East Nusa Tenggara; local craft Abstrak: Nusa Tenggara Timur khususnya desa Oemasi memiliki potensi alam yang kaya sehingga masyarakat desa Oemasi dapat menghasilkan berbagai macam kerajinan lokal yang sangat berkualitas dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Kerajinan yang dihasilkan biasanya berupa kain tenun, selendang, ukulele dan lain-lain. Permasalahan yang dialami masyarakat desa Oemasi dalam menjual kerajinan adalah terbatasnya media promosi dengan metode konvensional dan metode penjualan kerajinan lokal via media sosial juga memiliki kekurangan yaitu stok barang yang masih harus diupdate secara manual dan history penjualan yang masih dicatat secara manual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekayasa aplikasi penjualan kerajinan masyarakat NTT berbasis android yang dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif untuk membantu masyarakat desa Oemasi dalam melakukan penjualan kerajinan lokal masyarakat NTT sehingga permasalahan penjualan dengan metode konvensional atau melalui media sosial dapat diatasi. Model pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model Waterfall. Kata kunci: android, kerajinan lokal; Nusa Tenggara Timur
Estudo exploratório sobre intolerância política na comunidade virtual Canal Purpura
Authors: Loureiro Janaina , Pimentel Adelma do Socorro Gonçalves
Published: April 2021

Este texto deriva de uma pesquisa qualitativa aprovada por Comitê de Ética. Objetiva refletir acerca dos discursos feitos na Comunidade Canal Púrpura do Facebook, que transmitiu conteúdos intolerantes, associados a questões políticas. A coleta dos materiais ocorreu  de agosto a outubro de 2018.  Utilizou-se a Análise das Redes Sociais e o aplicativo Netvizz para localizar as interações publicadas na Comunidade. Dos conteúdos postados, escolhemos os do álbum  Ataques de ódio, que continham registros de intolerância, ataques de haters  e Fake News direcionados ao Canal Púrpura e a sua fundadora. A análise dos conteúdos se deu pela compreensão hermenêutica. Deste modo, nos posts foi possível identificar: registros de violência como única alegação possível para a interação, desrespeito, tentativa de imposição da opinião e retaliação. Assim, os discursos intolerantes analisados nos remetem a uma reflexão sobre a diferença entre o direito, a liberdade de expressão e o discurso de ódio. Considera-se que nas postagens houve a prática da ética individualista, a qual aponta para interesses particulares em detrimento do público. Conclui-se que  é cogente o debate acerca da importância do reconhecimento da alteridade e da reciprocidade nas relações interpessoais para enfrentamento da expressão de ódio na web.
Perfil de resistência microbiana das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde de um hospital de doenças infectocontagiosas de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Souza Evandro Everson Silva , Almeida Alda Graciele Claudio dos Santos , Souza Carlos Dorneles Freire de , Nagliate Patrícia de Carvalho , Borges Karen Rocha , Borges Karine Rocha , Junges Adrina Viera
Published: April 2021

Introdução: as Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde são tidas como um importante agravo à saúde, por resultar em alta mortalidade, prolongamento da hospitalização, aumento do custo da assistência e favorecimento da seleção e disseminação de micro-organismos multirresistentes. Objetivo: descrever o perfil de resistência microbiana das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde de um hospital de doenças infectocontagiosas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: estudo observacional descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo. Pesquisa realizada por meio de coleta de dados no setor de comissão de controle de infecção hospitalar nas fichas de notificações, exames de cultura e teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana dos pacientes que foram internados nos anos de 2018 e 2019 e desenvolveram infecção durante o período de internação. Resultados: foram analisadas 52 fichas de notificações de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Identificaram-se seis sítios de infecção: pulmão (26,0), trato urinário (13,0), tegumento (6,0), traqueia (3,0), intra-abdominal (2,0) e sangue (2,0); com destaque para o sistema respiratório: infecções pulmonares foram observadas em 50,0% dos indivíduos. Em nossa pesquisa a maior frequência de resistência observada nas enfermarias foi ceftriaxona (11,0/84,6%), seguida de sulfazotrim (5,0/83,3%) e ampicilina com sulbactam (8,0/80,0%). Enquanto na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, o maior perfil de resistência foi sulfazotrim (4,0/100%), seguido da ampicilina com sulbactam (9,0/90,0%), piperacilina com tazabactam sódico (9,0/75,0%). Conclusão: os dados obtidos mostram elevada frequência de multirresistência principalmente em bactérias Gram-negativas: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8,0), seguido de Acinetobacter baumannii (7,0), e da Escherichia gergoviae (5,0).
Extensive subcutaneous emphysema after exodonty of molar third parties: Case report
Authors: Santos Aída Juliane Ferreira dos , Aires Carolina Chaves Gama , Figueiredo Eugênia Leal de , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Subcutaneous emphysema is an accident where the forced introduction of air into the tissues occurs, which in dentistry can appear after the use of a high-speed pen or triple syringe. The swelling associated with emphysema can be mistaken for bruising, allergies or infections. The differential diagnosis is often related to the presence of crackles on palpation, associated or not, with pain. Treatment is prophylactic and palliative, since the problem tends to resolve spontaneously. Objective: To report a clinical case of subcutaneous emphysema and extraction of third molars, discussing the importance of differential diagnosis to guide the treatment of this complication. Case report: A 22-year-old female patient attended the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of a public hospital in Recife-PE, complaining of pain in the lower left third molar region. During the surgical procedure, it was necessary to use a high-speed pen to perform osteotomy and odontosection of tooth 38. At the end of the surgery, there was an increase in volume in the left periorbital region, compatible with subcutaneous emphysema. After 7 days postoperatively, spontaneous resolution of emphysema was observed. Discussion: According to the current literature, after the emphysema is already under a dermal layer, the air may remain at the surgery site or continue to spread along the facial spaces, depending on the permanence of the air jet. Conclusion: The correct diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema was effective in ruling out other complications, guiding the management of the reported case, in addition to preventing the emphysema from evolving to an infection involving the cervicofacial or thoracic region.
Contribution of toothfish depredated on fishing lines to the energy intake of killer whales off the Crozet Islands: a multi-scale bioenergetic approach
Authors: Faure J , Péron C , Gasco N , Massiot-Granier F , Spitz J , Guinet C , Tixier P
Published: April 2021

Fisheries modify prey availability for marine predators by extracting resources but also by providing them with new feeding opportunities. Among these, depredation, which occurs when predators feed on fish caught on fishing gear, is a behavior developed by many species as a way to acquire food through limited foraging effort. However, the extent to which depredated resources from fisheries contribute to the energetic requirements and affect the demography of depredating individuals is unknown. We investigated the contribution of Patagonian toothfishDissostichus eleginoidesdepredated on longlines to the energetic requirements of killer whalesOrcinus orcaaround the Crozet Islands (southern Indian Ocean) over the period 2007-2018. Our results indicate that during days when depredation occurred, depredating individuals fulfilled on average 94.1% of their daily energetic requirements with depredated toothfish. However, the contribution varied from 1.2 to 13.3% of the monthly energetic requirements and from 2.4 to 8.8% of the yearly energetic requirements of the total population. Together, these findings suggest that intake of depredated toothfish can be substantial at a fine scale (daily and individually), potentially leading to temporary provisioning effects and changes in predation pressures. These effects become minor (<10%), however, when considering the full population over a whole year. The contribution of depredated fish to the annual energetic requirements of the population has increased in recent years, likely due to larger fishing quotas and greater opportunities for whales to depredate, which stresses the importance of accounting for depredation in ecosystem-based management of fishing activity.
An
introduction to national biographical dictionaries renovation
Authors: Urquijo Mikel , Agirreazkuenaga Joseba
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to take part in the debate about the future of national biographies today. In this sense, we analyse national biographical dictionaries as instruments for the creation of national memory and as a foundation in the processes of building nation-states. We analyse the origin and development of national
biographical dictionaries in the context of the evolution of biography. We
initially observe the elements that condition dictionaries: the geographical
and chronological framework in which they are developed, the criteria for
selecting the personages whose biographies are to be written and for selecting
biographers, the structure and sources of the biographies. At present, this
model of dictionaries and national memory is being put into question by the
emergence of new nationalisms and by the superseding of nations in new
supranational bodies like the European Union. Finally, based on the above, we
set out a proposal for renovating these works in the XXI century.
Marginalci na marginama hrvatske leksikografije ili o kulturi (ne)sjećanja na romske žrtve
genocida u hrvatskoj leksikografiji
Authors: Vojak Danijel
Published: April 2021

Povijest romskoga stanovništva na hrvatskim područjima većinom je bila obilježena razdobljima u kojima su ga vlasti nastojale represivnim putem asimilirati u većinsko
stanovništvo. Za vrijeme Drugoga svjetskog rata nacističke su vlasti i njihovi
saveznici proveli genocid nad njima. Upravo je to ratno razdoblje smatrano
središnjom točkom u povijesti romskoga stanovništva. U radu se analizira na
koji se način pisalo o stradanju Roma u odabranim leksikografskim djelima
izdanima od 1945. do danas. Kako bi se bolje razumjeli rezultati ove analize, istraživanjem su obuhvaćene leksikografske publikacije određenih europskih zemalja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako je tema stradanja Roma u hrvatskim
leksikografskim izdanjima nedovoljno zastupljena, što je bio slučaj i u drugim
europskim leksikografijama. Ovakav odnos hrvatske leksikografije prema
povijesti jedne od najstarijih i danas jedne od brojnijih manjinske skupine u
Republici Hrvatskoj odraz je marginalizacije kulture sjećanja na romske žrtve
unutar hrvatskoga društva, posebice u znanosti i kulturi.