bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Kate Brown, Manual for Survival
Authors: Josephson Paul
Published: August 2020

In the thirty years since the Chernobyl disaster we have learned a great deal about the causes of the accident, the human side of the story of those who worked at the station, the operators and their families in the now-abandoned nearby town of Pripyat, the hundreds of thousands of “liquidators,” and the millions of individuals affected by fallout, including some 300,000 who were evacuated from various exclusion zones and heavily affected rural areas, mostly to the north and east in (Soviet) Belarus, Ukraine, and small parts of Russia. What are the long term consequences of radioactive fallout to land and living things? How many people have and will die from exposure to radioactivity? In Manual for Survival, Kate Brown documents the efforts of scientists and doctors in Belarus and Ukraine to understand the short- and long-term impact of radiation exposure on Soviet and post-Soviet citizens, and the challenges even to simple data collection. Her conclusions stand in stark contrast to those of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations (UN) Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation that estimated perhaps 5,000 total deaths. The numbers will be much higher, perhaps on the order of 10,000 or 50,000 excess cancers and premature deaths. But we shall never know with certainty owing to a variety of factors—including the challenges of conducting research in the former Soviet Union, the obfuscation of data in some quarters who appear to seek to minimize the impact, and scientific uncertainty itself.
Slam in the Name of Country: Nationalism in Contemporary Azerbaijani Meykhana
Authors: Strzemżalska Aneta
Published: August 2020

Meykhana is spoken word improvisation, verbal recitatives, and a kind of entertainment that in the last two decades has largely spread across Azerbaijan. Contemporary meykhana, although it retains its characteristic rhythm, increasingly resembles popular songs rather than classical Middle Eastern poetry, and is now often being sung, not read. Thus, in its form and function, it has become an element of mass popular culture. At the same time, meykhana is increasingly considered to be one of the national symbols on a par with other traditional musical genres such as mugham and ashig art. Meykhana's contemporary dual nature, which is understood differently by different constituencies within the Azerbaijani population, with their own politicized agenda, is inherently nationalist in nature. Using such aspects of nationalism as ethnicity, tradition, modernization, and folkloricization I analyze different levels of meykhana and the various actors involved in its implementation. This paper contributes a case study to the rich body of literature on nationalism in musical performances by analyzing the ways in which identities are constructed and mobilized.
Genotype−Environment Correlation and Its Relation to Personality — A Twin and Family Study
Authors: Persson Bertil
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to examine the Family and School Psychosocial Environment (FSPE) questionnaire in relation to a possible genotype–environment correlation and genetic mediation between the FSPE variables and personality variables, assessed by the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. A sample of 506 Swedish children aged 10–20 years from 253 families were recruited via the Swedish state population and address register and SchoolList.Eu. The children were divided into 253 pairs: 46 monozygotic twin pairs, 42 dizygotic twin pairs, 140 pairs of full siblings and 25 pairs of half-siblings. The behavioral genetic analysis showed that both FSPE factors, Warmth and Conflicts, may be partly influenced by genetic factors (suggesting genotype–environment correlation) and that nonadditive genetic factors may mediate the relationship between FSPE factors and psychoticism/antisocial personality (P). An indication of a special shared monozygotic twin environment was found for P and Lie/social desirability, but based on prior research findings this factor may have a minor influence on P and L. P and L were negatively correlated, and the relationship seems to be partly mediated by nonadditive genetic factors. Nonshared environment and measurement errors seem to be the most influential mediating factors, but none of the cross-twin cross-dimension correlations suggest a common shared environmental mediating factor.
Common Genetic Influences on Age at Pubertal Voice Change and BMI in Male Twins
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed to explore secular trends in age at voice change (AVC), estimate heritability of AVC and investigate to what extent common genes influence the association between AVC and body mass index (BMI) in South Korean males. The sample of 955 male twins consisted of 241 pairs and 118 co-twin missing monozygotic (MZ) twins, 82 pairs and 50 co-twin missing dizygotic (DZ) twins and 141 male members of opposite-sex DZ twins who participated in telephone surveys in the South Korean Twin Registry. AVC was asked of twins during the surveys. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 18.92 (2.42) years (range: 16.00–29.25 years). The birth years of the twins were divided into two groups (1988–1993, 1994–2001). Kaplan–Meyer survival analyses were conducted to compute the mean age of AVC in the total sample as well as to test mean differences between the two birth cohorts. Maximum likelihood twin correlations and univariate and bivariate model-fitting analyses were performed. The mean AVC in the total sample was 14.19 (95% CI [14.09, 14.29]) years. The mean AVC significantly declined from 14.38 to 14.02 years from 1988 to 2001, confirming downward trends in AVC in recent years. Heritability for AVC was .59 (95% CI [.50, .67]), which was within the range reported in most Western twin studies. Although the phenotypic correlation between AVC and BMI was modest (r = −.14; 95% CI [−.07, −.21]), it was entirely mediated by common genes, similar to what has been found in females in prior twin studies. In conclusion, the present twin study underscores the importance of genetic influences on pubertal timing and its association with BMI in South Korean males.
Global Socioeconomic Risk of Precipitation Extremes Under Climate Change
Authors: Liu Yujie , Chen Jie , Pan Tao , Liu Yanhua , Zhang Yuhu , Ge Quansheng , Ciais Philippe , Penuelas Josep
Published: August 2020

Precipitation extremes are among the most serious consequences of climate change around the world. The observed and projected frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in some regions will greatly influence the social economy. The frequency of extreme precipitation and the population and economic exposure were quantified for a base period (1986–2005) and future periods (2016–2035 and 2046–2065) based on bias corrected projections of daily precipitation from five global climatic models forced with three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and projections of population and gross domestic product (GDP) in the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The RCP8.5‐SSP3 scenario produces the highest global population exposure for 2046–2065, with nearly 30% of the global population (2.97 × 109 persons) exposed to precipitation extremes >10 days/a. The RCP2.6‐SSP1 scenario produces the highest global GDP exposure for 2046–2065, with a 5.56‐fold increase relative to the base period, of up to (2.29 ± 0.20) × 1015 purchasing power parity $‐days. Socioeconomic effects are the primary contributor to the exposure changes at the global and continental scales. Population and GDP effects account for 64–77% and 78–91% of the total exposure change, respectively. The inequality of exposure indicates that more attention should be given to Asia and Africa due to their rapid increases in population and GDP. However, due to their dense populations and high GDPs, European countries, that is, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands, should also commit to effective adaptation measures.
Testing a Physical Hypothesis for the Relationship Between Climate Sensitivity and Double‐ITCZ Bias in Climate Models
Authors: Webb Mark J. , Lock Adrian P.
Published: August 2020

Tian (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064119) found that Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 3 and 5 (CMIP3 and CMIP5) climate models with too much precipitation in a region of the Southeast Pacific (due to a double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ] bias) tend to have lower climate sensitivities and suggested that this might form the basis of an “emergent constraint,” which could rule out lower values of climate sensitivity. However, no physical mechanism has been proposed to explain this relationship. Here we advance the hypothesis that deep convection encroaching into regions that should be dominated by shallow clouds hampers the formation of shallow clouds in the present climate and reduces the magnitude of positive low‐level cloud feedbacks, resulting in smaller values of climate sensitivity. We test this hypothesis first by performing sensitivity tests with the HadGEM2‐A aquaplanet model subject to a uniform +4 K sea surface temperature (SST) perturbation, in which we vary the degree to which deep convection associated with the single/double ITCZ extends toward subtropical low‐cloud regions. Experiments with more precipitation encroaching into the subtropics have weaker subtropical cloud radiative effects in the present‐day simulations and less positive subtropical cloud feedbacks, consistent with our hypothesis. We test this hypothesis further by looking for the predicted relationships across multimodel ensembles of SST forced Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) experiments subject to a uniform +4 K SST increase. Relationships of the expected sign are found in the CMIP5 AMIP+4K experiments, but not all are statistically significant at the 5% level. We find no statistically significant support for our hypothesis in the currently available CMIP6 AMIP+4K experiments.
Autocorrelation Reflectivity of Mars
Authors: Deng Sizhuang , Levander Alan
Published: August 2020

The seismic structure of the Martian interior can shed light on the formation and dynamic evolution of the planet and our solar system. The deployment of the seismograph carried by the InSight mission provides a means to study Martian internal structure. We used ambient noise autocorrelation to analyze the available vertical component seismic data to recover the reflectivity beneath the Insight lander. We identify the noise that is approximately periodic with the Martian sol as daily lander operations and the diurnal variation in Martian weather and tides. To investigate the seismic discontinuities at different depths, the autocorrelograms are filtered and stacked into different frequency bands. We observe prominent reflection signals probably corresponding to the Martian Moho, the olivine‐wadsleyite transition in the mantle, and the core‐mantle boundary in the stacked autocorrelograms. We estimate the depths of these boundaries as ~35, 1,110–1,170, and 1,520–1,600 km, consistent with other estimates.
Inherent Length Scales of Periodic Mesoscale Density Structures in the Solar Wind Over Two Solar Cycles
Authors: Kepko L. , Viall N. M. , Wolfinger K.
Published: August 2020

It is now well established through multiple event and statistical studies that the solar wind at 1 AU contains contains periodic, mesoscale (L ∼ 100–1,000 Mm) structures in the proton density. Composition variations observed within these structures and remote sensing observations of similar structures in the young solar wind indicate that at least some of these periodic structures originate in the solar atmosphere as a part of solar wind formation. Viall et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012881) analyzed 11 years of data from the Wind spacecraft near L1 and demonstrated a recurrence to the observed length scales of periodic structures in the solar wind proton density. In the time since that study, Wind has collected 14 additional years of solar wind data, new moment analysis of the Wind SWE data is available, and new methods for spectral background approximation have been developed. In this study, we analyze 25 years of Wind data collected near L1 and produce occurrence distributions of statistically significant periodic length scales in proton density. The results significantly expand upon the Viall et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012881) study and further show a possible relation of the length scales to solar “termination” events.
Simulation of Preferential Flow in Snow With a 2‐D Non‐Equilibrium Richards Model and Evaluation Against Laboratory Data
Authors: Leroux Nicolas R. , Marsh Christopher B. , Pomeroy John W.
Published: August 2020

Recent studies of water flow through dry porous media have shown progress in simulating preferential flow propagation. However, current methods applied to snowpacks have neglected the dynamic nature of the capillary pressure, such as conditions for capillary pressure overshoot, resulting in a rather limited representation of the water flow patterns through snowpacks observed in laboratory and field experiments. Indeed, previous snowmelt models using a water entry pressure to simulate preferential flow paths do not work for natural snowpack conditions where snow densities are less than 380 kg m−3. Because preferential flow in snowpacks greatly alters the flow velocity and the timing of delivery of meltwater to the base of a snowpack early in the melt season, a better understanding of this process would aid hydrological predictions. This study presents a 2‐D water flow through snow model that solves the non‐equilibrium Richards equation. This model, coupled with random perturbations of snow properties, can represent realistic preferential flow patterns. Using 1‐D laboratory data, two model parameters were linked to snow properties and model boundary conditions. Parameterizations of these model parameters were evaluated against 2‐D snowpack observations from a laboratory experiment, and the resulting model sensitivity to varying inputs and boundary conditions was calculated. The model advances both the physical understanding of and ability to simulate water flow through snowpacks and can be used in the future to parameterize 1‐D snowmelt models to incorporate flow variations due to preferential flow path formation.
Real-time pressure mapping smart insole system based on a controllable vertical pore dielectric layer
Authors: Tao Juan , Dong Ming , Li Li , Wang Chunfeng , Li Jing , Liu Yue , Bao Rongrong , Pan Caofeng
Published: August 2020

Real-time monitoring of plantar pressure has significant applications in wearable biosensors, sports injury detection, and early diagnostics. Herein, an all-in-one insole composed of 24 capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) with vertical pores in an elastic dielectric layer is fabricated by laser cutting. Optimized CPSs with a hexagonal configuration and a pore size of 600 μm possess good linearity over a wide detection range of 0–200 kPa with a sensitivity of 12 × 10–3 kPa−1. Then, a smart system including the all-in-one insole with the 24 CPS array, a data acquisition system with a wireless transmitter and a PC terminal with a wireless receiver is established for real-time monitoring to realize static and dynamic plantar pressure mapping. Based on this smart insole system, various standing and yoga postures can be distinguished, and variations in the center of gravity during walking can be recognized. This intelligent insole system provides great feasible supervision for health surveillance, injury prevention, and athlete training.
Antagonistic effects of IL-17 and Astragaloside IV on cortical neurogenesis and cognitive behavior after stroke in adult mice through Akt/GSK-3β pathway
Authors: Sun Li , Han Ruili , Guo Fei , Chen Hai , Wang Wen , Chen Zhiyang , Liu Wei , Sun Xude , Gao Changjun
Published: August 2020

We aimed to investigate the exact effect of IL-17 on regulating neural stem cells (NSCs) stemness and adult neurogenesis in ischemic cortex after stroke, how Astragaloside IV(As-IV) regulated IL-17 expression and the underlying mechanism. Photochemical brain ischemia model was established and IL-17 protein expression was observed at different time after stroke in WT mice. At 3 days after stroke, when IL-17 expression peaked, IL-17 knock out (KO) mice were used to observe cell proliferation and neurogenesis in ischemic cortex. Then, As-IV was administered intravenously to assess cell apoptosis, proliferation, neurogenesis, and cognitive deficits by immunochemistry staining, western blots, and animal behavior tests in WT mice. Furthermore, IL-17 KO mice and As-IV were used simultaneously to evaluate the mechanism of cell apoptosis and proliferation after stroke in vivo. Besides, in vitro, As-IV and recombinant mouse IL-17A was administered, respectively, into NSCs culture, and then their diameters, viable cell proliferation and pathway relevant protein was assessed. The results showed knocking out IL-17 contributed to regulating PI3K/Akt pathway, promoting NSCs proliferation, and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke. Moreover, As-IV treatment helped inhibit neural apoptosis, promote the neurogenesis and eventually relieve mice anxiety after stroke. Unsurprisingly, IL-17 protein expression could be downregulated by As-IV in vivo and in vitro and they exerted antagonistic effect on neurogenesis by regulating Akt/GSK-3β pathway, with significant regulation for apoptosis. In conclusion, IL-17 exerts negative effect on promoting NSCs proliferation, neurogenesis and cognitive deficits after ischemic stroke, which could be reversed by As-IV.
The varied sources of faculae-forming brines in Ceres’ Occator crater emplaced via hydrothermal brine effusion
Authors: Scully J. E. C. , Schenk P. M. , Castillo-Rogez J. C. , Buczkowski D. L. , Williams D. A. , Pasckert J. H. , Duarte K. D. , Romero V. N. , Quick L. C. , Sori M. M. , Landis M. E. , Raymond C. A. , Neesemann A. , Schmidt B. E. , Sizemore H. G. , Russell C. T.
Published: August 2020

Before acquiring highest-resolution data of Ceres, questions remained about the emplacement mechanism and source of Occator crater’s bright faculae. Here we report that brine effusion emplaced the faculae in a brine-limited, impact-induced hydrothermal system. Impact-derived fracturing enabled brines to reach the surface. The central faculae, Cerealia and Pasola Facula, postdate the central pit, and were primarily sourced from an impact-induced melt chamber, with some contribution from a deeper, pre-existing brine reservoir. Vinalia Faculae, in the crater floor, were sourced from the laterally extensive deep reservoir only. Vinalia Faculae are comparatively thinner and display greater ballistic emplacement than the central faculae because the deep reservoir brines took a longer path to the surface and contained more gas than the shallower impact-induced melt chamber brines. Impact-derived fractures providing conduits, and mixing of impact-induced melt with deeper endogenic brines, could also allow oceanic material to reach the surfaces of other large icy bodies.
Orbital-selective Dirac fermions and extremely flat bands in frustrated kagome-lattice metal CoSn
Authors: Liu Zhonghao , Li Man , Wang Qi , Wang Guangwei , Wen Chenhaoping , Jiang Kun , Lu Xiangle , Yan Shichao , Huang Yaobo , Shen Dawei , Yin Jia-Xin , Wang Ziqiang , Yin Zhiping , Lei Hechang , Wang Shancai
Published: August 2020

Layered kagome-lattice 3d transition metals are emerging as an exciting platform to explore the frustrated lattice geometry and quantum topology. However, the typical kagome electronic bands, characterized by sets of the Dirac-like band capped by a phase-destructive flat band, have not been clearly observed, and their orbital physics are even less well investigated. Here, we present close-to-textbook kagome bands with orbital differentiation physics in CoSn, which can be well described by a minimal tight-binding model with single-orbital hopping in Co kagome lattice. The capping flat bands with bandwidth less than 0.2 eV run through the whole Brillouin zone, especially the bandwidth of the flat band of out-of-plane orbitals is less than 0.02 eV along Γ−M. The energy gap induced by spin-orbit interaction at the Dirac cone of out-of-plane orbitals is much smaller than that of in-plane orbitals, suggesting orbital-selective character of the Dirac fermions.
Author Correction: The role of mPFC and MTL neurons in human choice under goal-conflict
Authors: Gazit Tomer , Gonen Tal , Gurevitch Guy , Cohen Noa , Strauss Ido , Zeevi Yoav , Yamin Hagar , Fahoum Firas , Hendler Talma , Fried Itzhak
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: In vitro replicative fitness of early Transmitted founder HIV-1 variants and sensitivity to Interferon alpha
Authors: Ashokkumar Manickam , Sonawane Aanand , Sperk Maike , Tripathy Srikanth P. , Neogi Ujjwal , Hanna Luke Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Dynamic viscosity recovery of electrospinning solution for stabilizing elongated ultrafine polymer nanofiber by TEMPO-CNF
Authors: Higashi Shougo , Hirai Takayuki , Matsubara Masato , Yoshida Hiroaki , Beniya Atsushi
Published: August 2020

Electrospinning is a widely used production method for nanoscale fine polymer fiber fabrics. An ultrafine fiber made of polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polyacrylic acid (PAA) has immense potential for applications in air filters, batteries, and biosensors. However, producing fabrics with long uniformly distributed ultrafine fibers of a mean diameter below ~ 200 nm is still a challenge, because such elongated-ultrafine fibers tend to break into beads before they reach the collector. Here, we exploits the thixotropy of the solution given by the addition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanofibers to recover the solution viscosity for stabilizing the electrostatically elongated nanofibers, whereby the solution is smooth in the syringe needle owing to the shear force but regain its original viscosity after being freed from electrostatic force. Using this method, we successfully fabricated a non-woven ultrafine-long nanofiber made of PVP and PAA with a mean diameter as low as ~ 90 nm with a negligible number of beads.
Non-thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Wust Peter , Kortüm Benedikt , Strauss Ulf , Nadobny Jacek , Zschaeck Sebastian , Beck Marcus , Stein Ulrike , Ghadjar Pirus
Published: August 2020

We explored the non-thermal effects of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields and established a theoretical framework to elucidate their electrophysiological mechanisms. In experiments, we used a preclinical treatment device to treat the human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and SW480 with either water bath heating (WB-HT) or 13.56 MHz RF hyperthermia (RF-HT) at 42 °C for 60 min and analyzed the proliferation and clonogenicity. We elaborated an electrical model for cell membranes and ion channels and estimated the resulting ion fluxes. The results showed that, for both cell lines, using RF-HT significantly reduced proliferation and clonogenicity compared to WB-HT. According to our model, the RF electric field component was rectified and smoothed in the direction of the channel, which resulted in a DC voltage of ~ 1 µV. This may induce ion fluxes that can potentially cause relevant disequilibrium of most ions. Therefore, RF-HT creates additional non-thermal effects in association with significant ion fluxes. Increasing the understanding of these effects can help improve cancer therapy.
Author Correction: Hybrid PET/MRI enables high-spatial resolution, quantitative imaging of amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Frost Georgia R. , Longo Valerie , Li Thomas , Jonas Lauren A. , Judenhofer Martin , Cherry Simon , Koutcher Jason , Lekaye Carl , Zanzonico Pat , Li Yue-Ming
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Proteome and lysine acetylome analysis reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of seed germination in wheat
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Han Liping , Li Ximei , Wang Huifang , Mu Ping , Lin Qi , Liu Qingchang , Zhang Yumei
Published: August 2020

Seed germination is the first stage in wheat growth and development, directly affecting grain yield and quality. As an important post-translation modification, lysine acetylation participates in diverse biological functions. However, little is known regarding the quantitative acetylproteome characterization during wheat seed germination. In this study, we generated the first comparative proteomes and lysine acetylomes during wheat seed germination. In total, 5,639 proteins and 1,301 acetylated sites on 722 proteins were identified at 0, 12 and 24 h after imbibitions. Several particularly preferred amino acids were found near acetylation sites, including KacS, KacT, KacK, KacR, KacH, KacF, KacN, Kac*E, FKac and Kac*D, in the embryos during seed germination. Among them, KacH, KacF, FKac and KacK were conserved in wheat. Biosynthetic process, transcriptional regulation, ribosome and proteasome pathway related proteins were significantly enriched in both differentially expressed proteins and differentially acetylated proteins through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. We also revealed that histone acetylation was differentially involved in epigenetic regulation during seed germination. Meanwhile, abscisic acid and stress related proteins were found with acetylation changes. In addition, we focused on 8 enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and found they were differentially acetylated during seed germination. Finally, a putative metabolic pathway was proposed to dissect the roles of protein acetylation during wheat seed germination. These results not only demonstrate that lysine acetylation may play key roles in seed germination of wheat but also reveal insights into the molecular mechanism of seed germination in this crop.
Monitoring of biofouling communities in a Portuguese port using a combined morphological and metabarcoding approach
Authors: Azevedo Joana , Antunes Jorge T. , Machado André M. , Vasconcelos Vitor , Leão Pedro N. , Froufe Elsa
Published: August 2020

Marine biofouling remains an unsolved problem with a serious economic impact on several marine associated industries and constitutes a major vector for the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS). The implementation of biofouling monitoring programs allows for better fouling management and also for the early identification of NIS. However, few monitoring studies have used recent methods, such as metabarcoding, that can significantly enhance the detection of those species. Here, we employed monthly monitoring of biofouling growth on stainless steel plates in the Atlantic Port of Leixões (Northern Portugal), over one year to test the effect of commercial anti-corrosion paint in the communities. Fouling organisms were identified by combining morpho-taxonomy identification with community DNA metabarcoding using multiple markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and COI genes). The dominant colonizers found at this location were hard foulers, namely barnacles and mussels, while other groups of organisms such as cnidarians, bryozoans, and ascidians were also abundant. Regarding the temporal dynamics of the fouling communities, there was a progressive increase in the colonization of cyanobacteria, green algae, and red algae during the sampled period with the replacement of less abundant groups. The tested anticorrosion paint demonstrated to have a significant prevention effect against the biofouling community resulting in a biomass reduction. Our study also reports, for the first time, 29 NIS in this port, substantiating the need for the implementation of recurring biofouling monitoring programs in ports and harbours.
Dimension reduction of thermoelectric properties using barycentric polynomial interpolation at Chebyshev nodes
Authors: Chung Jaywan , Ryu Byungki , Park SuDong
Published: August 2020

The thermoelectric properties (TEPs), consisting of Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity, are infinite-dimensional vectors because they depend on temperature. Accordingly, a projection of them into a finite-dimensional space is inevitable for use in computers. In this paper, as a dimension reduction method, we validate the use of high-order polynomial interpolation of TEPs at Chebyshev nodes of the second kind. To avoid the numerical instability of high order Lagrange polynomial interpolation, we use the barycentric formula. The numerical tests on 276 sets of published TEPs show at least 8 nodes are recommended to preserve the positivity of electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. With 11 nodes, the interpolation causes about 2% error in TEPs and only 0.4% error in thermoelectric generator module performance. The robustness of our method against noise in TEPs is also tested; as the relative error caused by the interpolation of TEPs is almost the same as the relative size of noise, the interpolation does not cause unnecessarily high oscillation at unsampled points. The accuracy and robustness of the interpolation indicate digitizing infinite-dimensional univariate material data is practicable with tens or less data points. Furthermore, since a large interpolation error comes from a drastic change of data, the interpolation can be used to detect an anomaly such as a phase transition.
Acute increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor following high or moderate-intensity exercise is accompanied with better cognition performance in obese adults
Authors: Inoue Daniela Sayuri , Monteiro Paula Alves , Gerosa-Neto José , Santana Priscilla Rodrigues , Peres Fernando Pierin , Edwards Kate M. , Lira Fabio Santos
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to test if different intensities of aerobic exercise could influence abdominal fat, isoforms of BDNF and executive function. Twenty obese men (30.0 ± 5.4 years old; 34.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomized to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 10) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT, n = 10) three times a week for 6 weeks, with isoenergetic energetic expenditure for each exercise session (~ 300 kcal) between conditions. Abdominal fat was assessed pre- and post-intervention; executive function (Coding subtest from BETA-III non-verbal intelligence test and Stroop Color and Word Test), concentrations of mBDNF and proBDNF were assessed in response to acute exercise pre- and post-intervention. Abdominal fat did not change in either group. There was a significant increase in mBDNF immediately after acute exercise in both groups before and after intervention. proBDNF did not present changes acutely nor after 6 weeks. Executive function presented a main effect of time at pre- and post-intervention time-points Stroop Word and Stroop Color and Coding subtest presented improved performance from pre- to post-acute exercise session, in both groups. In conclusion, executive function improvements and acute exercise session-induced increases in mBDNF concentration were found from pre- to post-exercise intervention similarly between MICT and HIIT in obese men.
Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Fe2O3 modified TiO2 prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Cao Yan-Qiang , Zi Tao-Qing , Zhao Xi-Rui , Liu Chang , Ren Qiang , Fang Jia-Bin , Li Wei-Ming , Li Ai-Dong
Published: August 2020

In this work, commercial anatase TiO2 powders were modified using ultrathin Fe2O3 layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The ultrathin Fe2O3 coating having small bandgap of 2.20 eV can increase the visible light absorption of TiO2 supports, at the meantime, Fe2O3/TiO2 heterojunction can effectively improve the lifetime of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Results of ALD Fe2O3 modified TiO2 catalyst, therefore, showed great visible light driven catalytic degradation of methyl orange compared to pristine TiO2. A 400 cycles of ALD Fe2O3 (~ 2.6 nm) coated TiO2 powders exhibit the highest degradation efficiency of 97.4% in 90 min, much higher than pristine TiO2 powders of only 12.5%. Moreover, an ultrathin ALD Al2O3 (~ 2 nm) was able to improve the stability of Fe2O3-TiO2 catalyst. These results demonstrate that ALD surface modification with ultrathin coating is an extremely powerful route for the applications in constructing efficient and stable photocatalysts.
Anatomy and white matter connections of the fusiform gyrus
Authors: Palejwala Ali H. , O’Connor Kyle P. , Milton Camille K. , Anderson Chris , Pelargos Panayiotis , Briggs Robert G. , Conner Andrew K. , O’Donoghue Daniel L. , Glenn Chad A. , Sughrue Michael E.
Published: August 2020

The fusiform gyrus is understood to be involved in the processing of high-order visual information, particularly related to faces, bodies, and stimuli characterized by high spatial frequencies. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white-tracts could significantly improve post-operative morbidity related to declining capacity. Through generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) validated by gross dissection as a direct anatomical method of identifying white matter tracts, we have characterized these connections based on relationships to other well-known structures. We created the white matter tracts using GQI and confirmed the tracts using gross dissection. These dissections demonstrated connections to the occipital lobe from the fusiform gyrus along with longer association fibers that course through this gyrus. The fusiform gyrus is an important region implicated in such tasks as the visual processing of human faces and bodies, as well as the perception of stimuli with high spatial frequencies. Post-surgical outcomes related to this region may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted by this study.
Southern Ocean carbon export efficiency in relation to temperature and primary productivity
Authors: Fan Gaojing , Han Zhengbing , Ma Wentao , Chen Shuangling , Chai Fei , Mazloff Matthew R. , Pan Jianming , Zhang Haisheng
Published: August 2020

Satellite remote sensing and numerical models are widely used to estimate large-scale variations in ocean carbon export, but the relationship between export efficiency (e-ratio) of sinking organic carbon out of the surface ocean and its drivers remains poorly understood, especially in the Southern Ocean. Here, we assess the effects of temperature and primary productivity on e-ratio by combining particulate organic carbon export flux from in situ measurements during 1997–2013, environmental parameters from satellite products, and outputs from ocean biogeochemical models in the Southern Ocean. Results show that “High Productivity Low E-ratio” (HPLE) is a common phenomenon in the Subantarctic Zone and the Polar Frontal Zone, but not the Antarctic Zone. The e-ratio shows little dependence on temperature below 6 °C. Our results support the hypothesis that the HPLE phenomenon is due to the large contribution of non-sinking organic carbon. Both temperature and ballast minerals play less important roles in controlling e-ratio than ecosystem structure at low temperatures. These findings suggest that non-sinking organic carbon, ecosystem structure, and region-specific parameterizations of e-ratio are key factors to quantify the carbon export in the Southern Ocean.
Cleavage of human tau at Asp421 inhibits hyperphosphorylated tau induced pathology in a Drosophila model
Authors: Chi Hao , Sun Lee , Shiu Ren-Huei , Han Rui , Hsieh Chien-Ping , Wei Tzu-Min , Lo Chung-Chuan , Chang Hui-Yun , Sang Tzu-Kang
Published: August 2020

Hyperphosphorylated and truncated tau variants are enriched in neuropathological aggregates in diseases known as tauopathies. However, whether the interaction of these posttranslational modifications affects tau toxicity as a whole remains unresolved. By expressing human tau with disease-related Ser/Thr residues to simulate hyperphosphorylation, we show that despite severe neurodegeneration in full-length tau, with the truncation at Asp421, the toxicity is ameliorated. Cytological and biochemical analyses reveal that hyperphosphorylated full-length tau distributes in the soma, the axon, and the axonal terminal without evident distinction, whereas the Asp421-truncated version is mostly restricted from the axonal terminal. This discrepancy is correlated with the fact that fly expressing hyperphosphorylated full-length tau, but not Asp421-cleaved one, develops axonopathy lesions, including axonal spheroids and aberrant actin accumulations. The reduced presence of hyperphosphorylated tau in the axonal terminal is corroborated with the observation that flies expressing Asp421-truncated variants showed less motor deficit, suggesting synaptic function is preserved. The Asp421 cleavage of tau is a proteolytic product commonly found in the neurofibrillary tangles. Our finding suggests the coordination of different posttranslational modifications on tau may have an unexpected impact on the protein subcellular localization and cytotoxicity, which may be valuable when considering tau for therapeutic purposes.
Genome reconstruction of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from archival Davidson’s-fixed paraffin embedded shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) tissue
Authors: Cruz-Flores Roberto , Mai Hung N. , Kanrar Siddhartha , Aranguren Caro Luis Fernando , Dhar Arun K.
Published: August 2020

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are a priceless resource for diagnostic laboratories worldwide. However, DNA extracted from these tissues is often not optimal for most downstream molecular analysis due to fragmentation and chemical modification. In this study, the complete genome of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was reconstructed from ~ 2-year-old archived Davidson’s-fixed paraffin-embedded (DFPE) shrimp tissue using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). A histological analysis was performed on archived DFPE shrimp tissue and a sample showing a high level of WSSV infection was selected for molecular analysis. The viral infection was further confirmed by molecular methods. DNA isolated from DFPE and fresh frozen (FF) tissues were sequenced by NGS. The complete genome reconstruction of WSSV (~ 305 kbp) was achieved from both DFPE and FF tissue. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion and deletions were compared between the genomes. Thirty-eight mutations were identified in the WSSV genomes from the DFPE and FF that differed from the reference genome. This is the first study that has successfully sequenced the complete genome of a virus of over 300 kbp from archival DFPE tissue. These findings demonstrate that DFPE shrimp tissue represents an invaluable resource for prospective and retrospective studies, evolutionary studies and opens avenues for pathogen discovery.
Pd on poly(1-vinylimidazole) decorated magnetic S-doped grafitic carbon nitride: an efficient catalyst for catalytic reduction of organic dyes
Authors: Dorraj Masoumeh , Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid M.
Published: August 2020

A novel magnetic catalyst, (SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd) was synthesized by growing of poly(1-vinylimidazole) on the surface of ionic liquid decorated magnetic S-doped graphitic carbon nitride, followed by stabilization of palladium nanoparticles. Catalytic activity of the prepared heterogeneous catalyst was explored for the catalytic reduction of hazardous dyes, methyl orange and Rhodamine B, in the presence of NaBH4. Besides, the effects of the reaction variables on the catalytic activity were investigated in detail. The kinetics study established that dye reduction was the first order reaction and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 72.63 kJ/mol and 68.35 kJ/mol1 for methyl orange and Rhodamine B dyes, respectively. Moreover, ΔS# and ΔH# values for methyl orange were found to be − 33.67 J/mol K and 68.39 kJ/mol respectively. These values for Rhodamine B were − 45.62 J/mol K and 65.92 kJ/mol. The recycling test verified that the catalyst possessed good stability and reusability, thereby making it a good candidate for the catalytic purposes. Furthermore, a possible catalytic mechanism for dye catalytic reduction over SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd was proposed.
Parameters of geochemical effect equation for lanthanides and their geochemical significance for a series of metamorphic coals
Authors: Yang Jianye , Qin Shenjun , Li Jing , Xu Fei
Published: August 2020

The "geochemical effect of lanthanides" is a new concept proposed by the authors during the past decade. This concept reflects lanthanide shrinkage in elemental geochemistry, and it is statistically quantifiable. However, the geological significance of the various parameters of the equations obtained following quantization is not entirely clear. Cooperation and discussions from scholars in related research fields of rare earth elements in geology are required. In the present paper, from the perspective of coal geochemistry, the metamorphic coal seam of C2 series in Fengfeng Mine of Handan Coalfield in Hebei Province, China was used as an example. The geochemical significance of parameters in geochemical effect regression equation for lanthanides was evaluated, and two new formulas (regression equations) that characterized the geochemical behaviors of lanthanides were proposed. On this basis, concepts related to the geochemical effect of lanthanides, such as “individual parameters”, “parameters in common”, “two-sided parameters”, and the “deviation value” of lanthanides, were proposed. In this study, it was proved that the goodness of fit for all types of function regression equations for lanthanides and the radii of their trivalent ions, and the “deviation value” of lanthanides, were all “individual parameters” that could indicate the post-modified geological environment of C2 coal seam, such as the influence from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. A covariant figure was constructed according to these individual parameters and other indexes, and the C2 coal seam in Handan was effectively divided into two different metamorphic series of A (C2 coal seam uninfluenced or slightly influenced by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids) and B (C2 coal seam strongly influenced and evidently changed by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids). Consequently, the scientific significance of all the parameters for lanthanides in an identifying series of metamorphic coals within the geochemical effect regression equation was further clarified.
Effects of legume-diet and sex of ducks on the growth performance, physicochemical traits of meat and fatty acid composition in fat
Authors: Kowalska Emilia , Kucharska-Gaca Joanna , Kuźniacka Joanna , Biesek Jakub , Banaszak Mirosław , Adamski Marek
Published: August 2020

Duck meat enjoys growing popularity among consumers. Alternative protein sources to soybean are being investigated to eliminate genetically modified components from the poultry’ diet. The aim of this study was to compare growth performance, quality of meat, and fatty acid composition in subcutaneous and abdominal fat from ducks fed a diet based on yellow lupin and rapeseed meal, sources of protein alternative to soybean meal (SBM). Ducks were allocated to different dietary treatment groups and reared for 8 weeks (N = 102 per group). Group A received a diet based on SBM, while group B was fed a diet based on yellow lupin with the addition of rapeseed meal. Both groups were divided into two subgroups, of male and female birds. Growth performance parameters and zoometric traits of ducks were monitored during the growth period. After 8 weeks selected birds were slaughtered and dissected (N = 10 per group). Carcass composition was calculated and selected traits of meat quality important for further processing were analysed. Subcutaneous and abdominal fat were collected to analyse fatty acid composition. The alternative diet had no negative effect on ducks’ growth performance parameters and dressing percentage. The replacement of SBM with yellow lupin and rapeseed meal increased n-3 fatty acid content, which is important for consumers. In conclusion, SBM can be replaced with feed containing 60.10% of yellow lupin and 14.00% of rapeseed meal in concentrate. These sources of protein are mainly recommended for small poultry farms, which do not always have access to SBM and prepare poultry feed from their own crops.
Empirical study on the effects of acquisition parameters for FTIR hyperspectral imaging of brain tissue
Authors: Sacharz J. , Perez-Guaita D. , Kansiz Mustafa , Nazeer Shaiju S. , Wesełucha-Birczyńska A. , Petratos S. , Wood B. R. , Heraud P.
Published: August 2020

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging is a powerful technique for molecular imaging of pathologies associated with the nervous systems including multiple sclerosis research.
Synthesis of La2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite as the sensing element for electrochemical determination of theophylline
Authors: Iranmanesh Tayebeh , Jahani Shohreh , Foroughi Mohammad Mehdi , Zandi Mehdi Shahidi , Hassani Nadiki Hadi
Published: August 2020

Electrochemical sensor based on La2O3nanoparticles-decorated CNTs modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous detecting theophylline was fabricated.
Kinetic analysis of the asymmetric hydrogenation of (E)-2,3-diphenylpropenoic acid over cinchonidine derivative-modified Pd/C: quinoline ring modification
Authors: Nakatsuji Makoto , Fujita Morifumi , Okamoto Yasuaki , Sugimura Takashi
Published: August 2020

The substitutions at the 2′- and/or 6′-positions of the quinoline ring of cinchonidine reduce both the intrinsic enantioselectivity and adsorption strength for the enantioselective hydrogenation of α-phenylcinnamic acid over Pd/C.
Complexation by cysteine and iron mineral adsorption limit cadmium mobility during metabolic activity of Geobacter sulfurreducens
Authors: Tomaszewski E. J. , Olson L. , Obst M. , Byrne J. M. , Kappler A. , Muehe E. M.
Published: August 2020

Initial speciation influences the extent of Cd removal and microbial growth.
Interactions between organic pollutants and carbon nanomaterials and the associated impact on microbial availability and degradation in soil: a review
Authors: Zhang Meng , Tao Shu , Wang Xilong
Published: August 2020

Impact of carbon nanomaterials on soil organic pollutant biodegradation is associated with their interactions with pollutant and toxicity to microorganisms.
Inclusion of Salvia hispanica L. and Chenopodium quinoa into bread formulations improves metabolic imbalances derived from a high-fat intake in hyperglycaemic mice
Authors: Selma-Gracia Raquel , Haros Claudia Monika , Laparra Llopis José Moisés
Published: August 2020

High-energy intake causes imbalances in nutrient homeostasis contributing to a high prevalence of metabolic chronic diseases.
The protein corona determines the cytotoxicity of nanodiamonds: implications of corona formation and its remodelling on nanodiamond applications in biomedical imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Khanal Dipesh , Lei Qingyu , Pinget Gabriela , Cheong Daniel A. , Gautam Archana , Yusoff Ridhwan , Su Bowyn , Yamaguchi Seiji , Kondyurin Alexey , Knowles Jonathan C. , Georgiou George , Macia Laurence , Jang Jun-Hyeog , Ramzan Iqbal , Ng Kee Woei , Chrzanowski Wojciech
Published: August 2020

Protein corona determines fate and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in biological systems.
Carbon dot-modified mesoporous carbon as a supercapacitor with enhanced light-assisted capacitance
Authors: Wang Hui , Cao Jingjing , Zhou Yunjie , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhao Yajie , Liu Yan , Huang Hui , Shao Mingwang , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: August 2020

The reasonable design of light-assisted supercapacitors with photosensitive materials is one of the efficient ways to realize solar energy conversion and storage.
Experimental investigation on the effects of multiple injections and EGR on n-pentanol–biodiesel fuelled RCCI engine
Authors: V. R. Sabu , Thomas Justin Jacob , G. Nagarajan
Published: August 2020

Simultaneous reduction of smoke and oxides of nitrogen emissions using multiple injections and EGR in a befittingly modified RCCI engine fuelled with karanja B20–pentanol.