bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esporte, cultura e política: a trajetória dos Gay Games nas práticas esportivas contemporâneas
Authors: Camargo Wagner Xavier de
Published: July 2016

Os Jogos Olímpicos Gays foram criados em 1982 nos Estados Unidos, com a finalidade de agregar praticantes esportivos que não se filiavam aos ditames da heterossexualidade compulsória. Reunindo gays, lésbicas, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais e outros (inclusive heterossexuais), tais jogos ocorrem quadrienalmente há mais de trinta anos e trazem ao debate as identidades sexuais e de gênero no contexto de práticas esportivas, que, em geral, são discriminatórias e homofóbicas. O intuito deste capítulo é tecer considerações antropológicas sobre tal evento, bem como resgatar experiências etnográficas específicas do pesquisador em três edições internacionais dos Gay Games, com o objetivo de discutir representações de gênero e sexualidade nos esportes.
Obesity and Subtypes of Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ndumele Chiadi E. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Lazo Mariana , Bello Natalie , Blumenthal Roger S. , Gerstenblith Gary , Nambi Vijay , Ballantyne Christie M. , Solomon Scott D. , Selvin Elizabeth , Folsom Aaron R. , Coresh Josef
Published: July 2016

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for various subtypes of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
), including coronary heart disease (
CHD
), heart failure (
HF
), and stroke. Nevertheless, there are limited comparisons of the associations of obesity with each of these
CVD
subtypes, particularly regarding the extent to which they are unexplained by traditional
CVD
mediators.

Methods and Results

We followed 13 730 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who had a body mass index ≥18.5 and no
CVD
at baseline (visit 1, 1987–1989). We compared the association of higher body mass index with incident
HF
,
CHD
, and stroke before and after adjusting for traditional
CVD
mediators (including systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and lipid measures). Over a median follow‐up of 23 years, there were 2235
HF
events, 1653
CHD
events, and 986 strokes. After adjustment for demographics, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake, higher body mass index had the strongest association with incident
HF
among
CVD
subtypes, with hazard ratios for severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 versus normal weight) of 3.74 (95%
CI
3.24–4.31) for
HF
, 2.00 (95%
CI
1.67–2.40) for
CHD
, and 1.75 (95%
CI
1.40–2.20) for stroke (
P
<0.0001 for comparisons of
HF
versus
CHD
or stroke). Further adjustment for traditional mediators fully explained the association of higher body mass index with
CHD
and stroke but not with
HF
(hazard ratio 2.27, 95%
CI
1.94–2.64).

Conclusions

The link between obesity and
HF
was stronger than those for other
CVD
subtypes and was uniquely unexplained by traditional risk factors. Weight management is likely critical for optimal
HF
prevention, and nontraditional pathways linking obesity to
HF
need to be elucidated.
Ambient Air Pollution Is Associated With the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Incident Myocardial Infarction in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Evaluation
Authors: Hartiala Jaana , Breton Carrie V. , Tang W. H. Wilson , Lurmann Frederick , Hazen Stanley L. , Gilliland Frank D. , Allayee Hooman
Published: July 2016

Background

The effect of air pollution exposure on atherosclerosis severity or incident clinical events in patients with coronary artery disease is not known.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 6575 Ohio residents undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography. Multinomial regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (
PM
2.5
) and nitrogen dioxide on coronary artery disease severity at baseline and risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or all‐cause mortality over 3 years of follow‐up. Among participants with coronary artery disease, exposure to
PM
2.5
levels was associated with increased likelihood of having coronary atherosclerosis that was mild (odds ratio 1.43, 95%
CI
1.11–1.83,
P
=0.005) and severe (odds ratio 1.63, 95%
CI
1.26–2.11,
P
<0.0001), with the effect on severe coronary artery disease being significantly increased compared with mild disease (
P
trend
=0.03). Exposure to higher
PM
2.5
levels was also significantly associated with increased risk of incident myocardial infarction (hazard ratio 1.33, 95%
CI
1.02–1.73,
P
=0.03) but not stroke or all‐cause mortality. The association of
PM
2.5
with incident myocardial infarction was not affected after adjustment for Framingham Adult Treatment Panel III (
ATP
III) risk score or statin therapy. In comparison, there were no significant associations between nitrogen dioxide levels and all‐cause mortality or risk of stroke after adjustment for Framingham
ATP III
risk score.

Conclusions

Exposure to
PM
2.5
increased the likelihood of having severe coronary artery disease and the risk of incident myocardial infarction among patients undergoing elective cardiac evaluation. These results suggest that ambient air pollution exposure may be a modifiable risk factor for risk of myocardial infarction in a highly susceptible patient population.
Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Ambulatory Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring After Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Yong Jean Hai Ein , Thavorn Kednapa , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Mamdani Muhammad , Thorpe Kevin E. , Dorian Paul , Sharma Mike , Laupacis Andreas , Gladstone David J.
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—

Prolonged ambulatory ECG monitoring after cryptogenic stroke improves detection of covert atrial fibrillation, but its long-term cost-effectiveness is uncertain.

Methods—

We estimated the cost-effectiveness of noninvasive ECG monitoring in patients aged ≥55 years after a recent cryptogenic stroke and negative 24-hour ECG. A Markov model used observed rates of atrial fibrillation detection and anticoagulation from a randomized controlled trial (EMBRACE) and the published literature to predict lifetime costs and effectiveness (ischemic strokes, hemorrhages, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]) for 30-day ECG (primary analysis) and 7-day or 14-day ECG (secondary analysis), when compared with a repeat 24-hour ECG.

Results—

Prolonged ECG monitoring (7, 14, or 30 days) was predicted to prevent more ischemic strokes, decrease mortality, and improve QALYs. If anticoagulation reduced stroke risk by 50%, 30-day ECG (at a cost of USD $447) would be highly cost-effective ($2000 per QALY gained) for patients with a 4.5% annual ischemic stroke recurrence risk. Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to stroke recurrence risk and anticoagulant effectiveness, which remain uncertain, especially at higher costs of monitoring. Shorter duration (7 or 14 days) monitoring was cost saving and more effective than an additional 24-hour ECG; its cost-effectiveness was less sensitive to changes in ischemic stroke risk and treatment effect.

Conclusions—

After a cryptogenic stroke, 30-day ECG monitoring is likely cost-effective for preventing recurrent strokes; 14-day monitoring is an attractive value alternative, especially for lower risk patients. These results strengthen emerging recommendations for prolonged ECG monitoring in secondary stroke prevention. Cost-effectiveness in practice will depend on careful patient selection.
Spatial Patterns and Trends in Energy Use and Consumption in Africa
Authors: Kofi-Opata Edwina
Published: July 2016

Energy lies at the core of every human activity and can be described as having a pervasive influence on all aspects of development making it one of the most important resources that belies the development of any given country. Developing countries on the other hand are constantly faced with the daunting task of providing its industries and citizens with energy in its various forms. The resulting effect is limiting economic development and by extension limited social development. In meeting this need, the Ghanaian populace have and continue to rely on traditional biomass amid associated risks and health complications. This article analyzes the factors accounting for the heavy reliance on traditional biomass in Sub Saharan Africa (ssa) with particular reference to Ghana and to determine if these factors promote a spatial pattern formation in energy use.
The Politics of Market Relations in a Nutshell
Authors: Tekin Ebru
Published: July 2016

In 2000, with the Agricultural Reform Implementation Project (arip) initiated by the World Bank in Turkey, the agricultural market entered a liberalization process. However, the arip policies were not implemented as envisaged. By means of a case study approach, this paper analyses the reasons for the failure of the arip policies in the hazelnut market. The technical reforms introduced by international institutions disregard local lives, as well as the impact of these reforms on the local people. The legislative changes, including the controversies and crises, have met strong resistance at the local level. In light of the local configurations of power and exchange relations, the locality creates the conflict and controversy surrounding the liberalization policies. This study examines the process of liberalization, focusing on the hazelnut market characteristics, the politics of market relations, policy-making, and pricing between 2001 and 2009 in Turkey.
Naufrages, of Derrida’s “Final” Seminar
Authors: Vallega Alejandro A.
Published: July 2016

This article puts into play the ghostly horizon of “death” as it follows its semblances through Derrida’s reading of Heidegger in the French thinker’s last seminars as published in The Beast and the Sovereign Vol. ii. The moments I underscore are three, always marking the playing out or releasing of death’s ghost, its sovereignty over life, while the readings, drift off driven by other forces: 1. In Session iv, Derrida’s enjambment of Heidegger’s sense of dasein and Welt with Celan’s line from Atemwende, “Die Welt ist fort, Ich muß dich tragen” (“the world has withdrawn, I must carry you”); 2. The mutual displacement of the question of the other and the question of death at the beginning of Session v; and 3, the unfolding of Crusoe’s desire and fear of “living a living death” in Derrida’s discussion of survivance, also in session v. The discussion closes with the interpolation of Latin American thought through the introduction of the temporalizing movement of différance read in light of the non-linear simultaneous asymmetric temporality one finds constitutive of Latin American consciousness. Thus, the reading moves from the deconstruction of various figures of death that permeate in an almost transcendental manner the organizing of the meaning of Derrida and Heidegger’s thought, to a thinking with the temporalizing movement of survivance or living-dying, in which the binomial reasoning and teleological structures of temporality held by the figures of life and death are released to a thought beyond their supposed mutually exclusive timeline.
A New Defixio from Ancient Panticapaeum’s Necropolis
Authors: Belousov Alexey V. , Fedoseev Nikolaï F.
Published: July 2016

The authors of the report give an account on the new magical inscription (5th-4th cent.bc) found on the territory of the ancient necropolis of Panticapaeum in 2011. The paper contains a publication and a commentary on the text of the newly discovereddefixio. The monument is especially interesting for the new magic formula it contains.
Ermanarichs arctoi gentes (Jordanes Getica, 116)
Authors: Napol’skich Vladimir
Published: July 2016

The well-knowm fragment from Jordanes Getica (116) containing the list of northern peoples allegedly conquered by the Gothic king Ermanarich is reconsidered taking into account the long history of studies, data of other late antique and early medieval sources and onomastics of Finno-Ugric, Iranian and North Caucasian languages. The list is considered to be originally a Gothic poetical memorandum similar to other Germanic thulas (as, e.g., in “Widsith”) introduced into Latin text and partly latinized. The beginning of the list is determined after the syntax of the sentence where it is included and later interpunction of manuscripts. Beginning with the Gothic word thiudos ‘peoples’ (Acc. pl.) the list is reconstructed as enumeration of ethnic groups and territories along the way from the Baltic over the Ladoga Lake to the upper Volga and down the Volga River up to its mouth and the North Caucasian steppe up to the Black Sea and, probably, Crimea. This must have been a way discovered by a Gothic expedition in the middle of the 4th c., when the Goths were very active in the Volga basin as it may be seen from the archaeological materials. All the names of the list are localized and interpreted with minimal emendations since they have either good parallels in historical sources or modern onomastics or may be understood as fragments of Gothic text. The results are shown on the map (Fig. 3).
The Fetish for a Subversive Jesus
Authors: Myles Robert J.
Published: July 2016

What does it mean to say Jesus was subversive? This article engages in meta-critical analysis of the use of ‘subversion’ in historical Jesus research. It argues that the neoliberal lives of Jesus in particular have increasingly fetishized a cultural mainstreaming of subversion in which certain forms of containable subversion are tolerated within late capitalist society, as part of a broader strategy of economic and ideological compliance. On the one hand, J.D. Crossan’s Jesus spun subversive aphorisms which constituted the radical subversion of the present world order. On the other hand, N.T. Wright has frequently intensified the rhetoric of subversion, claiming a ‘profoundly’, ‘doubly’, ‘thoroughly’, ‘deeply’, and ‘multiply’ subversive Jesus, while simultaneously distancing him from traditional subversive fixtures like militant revolutionary action. Through its discursive mimicking of wider cultural trends, this rhetorical trope has enabled Jesus scholarship to enjoy both popular and academic success in Western, neoliberal society.
Primulina linearicalyx (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: WEN FANG , LAI BI-DAN , ZHAO ZHI-GUO , WANG BING-MOU , WEI YI-GANG
Published: July 2016

Primulina linearicalyx from Wuming County, Guangxi, is illustrated and described here. It is morphologically close to P. linearifolia, P. pseudolinearifolia and P. longgangensis, but it can be easily distinguished by the exceptionally long and linear-lanceolate to linear calyx lobes. The chromosome number for this species, being reported the first time, was determined to be 2n=36. The conservation status of the new species was assessed as “Critically Endangered” (CR) based on IUCN criteria.
Taxonomic novelties in Erysimum for the Flora of Iran: E. polatschekii, a new alpine endemic, and E. scabrum, a new record
Authors: MOAZZENI HAMID , ASSADI MOSTAFA , ZARE GOLSHAN , MIRTADZADINI MANSOUR , Al-SHEHBAZ IHSAN A.
Published: July 2016

During the work on herbarium material to prepare a taxonomic revision of Erysimum for the Flora of Iran, we found two interesting species not previously known for the country. Erysimum polatschekii is described as new from the alpine zone of Kerman Province (S Iran). It is closely related to the allopatric E. purpureum and E. pseudopurpureum, from which it differs by having bicolored flowers, clearly 2-lobed stigma, winged seeds, and different fruit indumentum.  Erysimum scabrum, which grows in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey, is recorded herein as new to the flora of Iran. Detailed descriptions, distribution maps, and illustrations for both species are provided.
Lectotypification of 11 names of Eurya (Pentaphylacaceae) for the Flora of China
Authors: JI CHUN-FENG , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: July 2016

Eurya Thunberg (1783: 67) is a genus of Pentaphylacaceae and it contains about 130 species distributed widely in tropical and subtropical Asia and the Pacific Islands; 83 species (63 endemic) are known from China (Ming & Bartholomew 2007). The genus was assigned to Theaceae in FRPS (Ling, 1966), while molecular studies (e.g., Tsou & Vijayan, 2016) placed it in Pentaphylacaceae and resolved it as a monophyletic group which is recognized here. Notably, paraphyletic groups are sometimes advocated by some authors (e.g., Brummitt, 2014; Ehrendorfer & Barfuss, 2014; George, 2014; Hörandl, 2014; Stuessy & Hörandl, 2014; Stuessy et al., 2014). Species of Eurya often have unisexual flowers. In an effort to update the online version of Flora of China (www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2), we found that two gatherings were designated as types for each of 11 names of Eurya published in a same article by Chang (1954). Here we lectotypify these 11 names by choosing one of the two gatherings designated as the lectotype of each name so that the application of these names can be stabilized.
The Art and Science of Climate Model Tuning
Authors: Hourdin Frédéric , Mauritsen Thorsten , Gettelman Andrew , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Balaji Venkatramani , Duan Qingyun , Folini Doris , Ji Duoying , Klocke Daniel , Qian Yun , Rauser Florian , Rio Catherine , Tomassini Lorenzo , Watanabe Masahiro , Williamson Daniel
Published: July 2016

The process of parameter estimation targeting a chosen set of observations is an essential aspect of numerical modeling. This process is usually named tuning in the climate modeling community. In climate models, the variety and complexity of physical processes involved, and their interplay through a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, must be summarized in a series of approximate submodels. Most submodels depend on uncertain parameters. Tuning consists of adjusting the values of these parameters to bring the solution as a whole into line with aspects of the observed climate. Tuning is an essential aspect of climate modeling with its own scientific issues, which is probably not advertised enough outside the community of model developers. Optimization of climate models raises important questions about whether tuning methods a priori constrain the model results in unintended ways that would affect our confidence in climate projections. Here, we present the definition and rationale behind model tuning, review specific methodological aspects, and survey the diversity of tuning approaches used in current climate models. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in applying so-called objective methods in climate model tuning. We discuss how tuning methodologies may affect fundamental results of climate models, such as climate sensitivity. The article concludes with a series of recommendations to make the process of climate model tuning more transparent.
Vertical Mixing Derived from Surface Chlorophyll-a Concentrations of the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Hahn-Woernle Lisa , Dijkstra Henk A. , van der Woerd Hans J.
Published: July 2016

Vertical mixing is thought to play an essential role in phytoplankton blooms, yet measurements of mixing properties are very sparse. This paper presents a methodology to estimate profiles of the upper-ocean vertical mixing from satellite color observations, using a coupled turbulence–phytoplankton model and data assimilation–based calibration techniques. The method is tested at a location in the eastern North Atlantic for which an integrated set of observations (vertical mixing, phytoplankton, nutrients) is available. Results of identical twin experiments show that the method is very robust and achieves accurate turbulence model parameter calibrations even with noisy or sparsely sampled observations. The application of surface chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentration to MODIS Aqua satellite observations leads two independent cases (data for the years 2009 and 2011) to a calibration of the model parameterization that produces weaker winter mixing compared to the standard configuration. As a consequence of the weaker mixing, the timing and intensity of increased surface Chl a satellite observations in spring and summer was reproduced by the model. Moreover, the weaker mixing resembles the in situ observations of vertical mixing better than the stronger mixing based on the standard configuration. This shows that the new calibration indeed improves the performance of the turbulence model.
China’s National People’s Congress 2016
Authors: Rappai M. V.
Published: July 2016

This year the National People’s Congress (NPC), supreme legislative body of China, held the 4th plenary session of the 12th NPC from 5 to 16 March 2016. Simultaneously, the pre-eminent advisory body, China People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the upper house in its parliament, also met. This year the NPC’s fourth session was engaged in a varied and serious law making process wherein the legislative business included among other matters the approval of the key 13th Five Year plan of China for the next five years from 2016 to 2020. The NPC as an institution plays a key role in the law making process of China and its composition in terms of members provides authenticity to the law making process in China. This commentary is mainly concerned with the NPC session keeping in mind the aforesaid pointers.
Characterisation and modelling of thermal expansion coefficient of woven carbon/epoxy composite and its application to the determination of spring-in
Authors: Nawab Yasir , Sonnenfeld Camille , Saouab Abdelghani , Agogué Romain , Beauchêne Pierre
Published: July 2016

Properties of resin and composite, especially anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion, are very crucial to precisely determine residual stress generated in a composite part. No comprehensive study is available in the literature to determine these properties for woven composites and then its application to model residual stress in woven carbon epoxy composite parts. In the present article, experimental results on thermal coefficients of RTM6 epoxy resin as well carbon/epoxy woven composites obtained using different experimental techniques are compared with homogenised coefficients of thermal expansion results. Evolution of spring-in angle of L-shaped carbon/epoxy woven composite (during and after cure) with three different thicknesses is modelled by simultaneously solving the thermal-kinetics and thermal-chemical-mechanics coupling by using finite element code COMSOL Multiphysics. Objective was to quantify the contribution of curing and cooling to the formation of residual stress. Anisotropic properties of composite, during and after cure, required for numerical simulation are obtained using an analytical method. Variation in properties with degree of cure and thermal gradients induced in the part during fabrication are considered while modelling. Modelled properties of cured composites were compared with experimental values and were found in agreement. The spring-in angle values obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the results of the analytical model as well as experiments. Effect of variation of fibre volume fraction and presence of thermal gradients on spring-in was studied as well.
Effect of Sleep and Salivary Glucose on Gingivitis in Children
Authors: Alqaderi H. , Tavares M. , Hartman M. , Goodson J.M.
Published: July 2016

It has been shown that inadequate sleep has deleterious effects on health by suppressing immunity and promoting inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep and salivary glucose levels on the development of gingivitis in a prospective longitudinal study of Kuwaiti children. Data were collected from 10-y-old children ( N = 6,316) in 2012 and again in 2014. Children were approximately equally distributed from 138 elementary schools representing the 6 governorates of Kuwait. Calibrated examiners conducted oral examination, self-reported sleep evaluation interviews, anthropomorphic measurements, and unstimulated whole saliva sample collection. Salivary glucose levels were measured by a florescent glucose oxidase method; values of salivary glucose ≥1.13 mg/dL were defined as high glucose levels. A multilevel random intercept and slope analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between sleep duration and gingivitis on 3 levels: within schools, among children, and over time. The outcome was the progression of the extent of gingival inflammation in children over time. The main independent variables were the number of daily sleep hours and salivary glucose levels. Other explanatory variables and confounders assessed were governorate, dental caries and restorations, and obesity by waist circumference (adjusted for snacking and sex). Gingivitis increased over time in children who had shorter sleep duration ( P < 0.05). Salivary glucose levels >1.13 mg/dL predicted gingivitis ( P < 0.05). Children who had more decayed or filled teeth had more gingivitis ( P < 0.05). No significant association was found between gingivitis and obesity. The level of gingivitis was different among the 6 governorates of Kuwait. Additionally, there was a strong clustering effect of the observations within schools and among children across time. Longitudinal analysis of 6,316 Kuwaiti children revealed that shorter sleep duration and higher salivary glucose levels were both associated with increased gingival inflammation.
Silica Coating of Nonsilicate Nanoparticles for Resin-Based Composite Materials
Authors: Kaizer M.R. , Almeida J.R. , Gonçalves A.P.R. , Zhang Y. , Cava S.S. , Moraes R.R.
Published: July 2016

This study was designed to develop and characterize a silica-coating method for crystalline nonsilicate ceramic nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2). The hypothesis was that the coated nonsilicate nanoparticles would stably reinforce a polymeric matrix due to effective silanation. Silica coating was applied via a sol-gel method, with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica precursor, followed by heat treatment. The chemical and microstructural characteristics of the nanopowders were evaluated before and after silica coating through x-ray diffraction, BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Coated and noncoated nanoparticles were silanated before preparation of hybrid composites, which contained glass microparticles in addition to the nanoparticles. The composites were mechanically tested in 4-point bending mode after aging (10,000 thermal cycles). Results of all chemical and microstructural analyses confirmed the successful obtaining of silica-coated nanoparticles. Two distinct aspects were observed depending on the type of nanoparticle tested: 1) formation of a silica shell on the surface of the particles and 2) nanoparticle clusters embedded into a silica matrix. The aged hybrid composites formulated with the coated nanoparticles showed improved flexural strength (10% to 30% higher) and work of fracture (35% to 40% higher) as compared with composites formulated with noncoated nanoparticles. The tested hypothesis was confirmed: silanated silica-coated nonsilicate nanoparticles yielded stable reinforcement of dimethacrylate polymeric matrix due to effective silanation. The silica-coating method presented here is a versatile and promising novel strategy for the use of crystalline nonsilicate ceramics as a reinforcing phase of polymeric composite biomaterials.
Sex and the city: Branding, gender and the commodification of sex consumption in contemporary retailing
Authors: Crewe Louise , Martin Amber
Published: July 2016

This paper explores the changing spatiality of the sex retail industry in England and Wales, from highly regulated male-orientated sex shops, pushed to the legislative margins of the city and social respectability, towards the emergence of unregulated female-orientated ‘erotic boutiques’ located visibly in city centres. This is achieved through an exploration of the oppositional binaries of perceptions of sex shops as dark, dirty, male-orientated, and ‘seedy’ and erotic boutiques as light, female-orientated and stylish, showing how such discourses are embedded in the physical space, design and marketing of the stores and the products sold within them. More specifically, the paper analyses how female-orientated sex stores utilise light, colour and design to create an ‘upscaling’ of sexual consumerism and reflects on what the emergence of up-scale female spaces for sexual consumption in the central city might mean in terms of theorisations of the intersectionality between agency, power, gender and class. The paper thus considers how the shifting packaging and presentation of sex-product consumption in the contemporary city alters both its acceptability and visibility.
Recruitment and Retention in British Army Reserve Logistics Units
Authors: Bury Patrick
Published: July 2016

The British Army Reserve (AR), and in particular its logistics component, is undergoing profound changes. The Future Reserves 2020 policy aims to expand the AR and make it more deployable on operations. However, to date, FR20 has struggled to attract the recruits required to man this more deployable reserve force, despite recruitment campaigns offering increased monetary benefits. This study sampled AR logistics soldiers’ reasons for joining, remaining in service, and mobilizing when deployed. Consistent with the previous research, the study found that soldiers who joined for institutional reasons were more associated with longer career intentions and mobilizing for intrinsic reasons. Soldiers who joined for occupational reasons were less satisfied with all elements of reserve service and deployed in order to fulfill their contracts. These trends suggest that recruitment campaigns that stress the pecuniary benefits of reserve service may attract soldiers less committed to reserve service and deployments and who are harder to retain.
“You Have a Demon!”
Authors: Yi An-Ting
Published: July 2016

In this article, the passages about demon-possession in John (7:20; 8:44, 48; 10:19–21) are considered from an anthropological perspective. Scholars often interpret these passages by referring to Johannine theology. Yet, the anthropological theories of possession show that the notion of possession has sociological aspects as well. To be possessed by a demon and be filled with a spirit can be regarded as two dimensions of possession, and they serve to enhance social status. Viewed in this light, by accusing Jesus of being demon-possessed, Jesus' opponents reinforce their established status. On the other hand, John depicts Jesus as being possessed by the Holy Spirit. Similarly, Jesus' followers have enhanced their social status by claiming to be possessed by the same spirit and identifying themselves as a spirit-possessed community. The article concludes that the Johannine notion of possession is not simply a description but much more than that, it is a language of identification.
Surgical aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis: an update
Authors: Dewan Ravindra Kumar , Pezzella A Thomas
Published: July 2016

Tuberculosis remains a major global medical challenge and concern. In the world’s population of over 7.4 billion people, 8.6 million are estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; another 2.2 billion have latent tuberculosis. There is an annual incidence of 16,000 new cases in the USA and 7–8 million new cases worldwide, of which 440,000 are multidrug-resistant or extensively multidrug-resistant, mainly in developing countries or emerging economies. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of tuberculosis is 133 cases per 100,000 of the population; 3.3% new cases are drug resistant and 20% are already treated cases. Of the drug-resistant cases, 9.7% are extensively drug-resistant. The annual global mortality attributable to tuberculosis is over 1.3 million people. The association with HIV/AIDS in 430,000 people has compounded the global concern and challenge. This review presents the historical indications for surgical treatment of tuberculosis, reviews the current literature and clinical experience, and collates this into increased awareness and contemporary understanding of the indications and need for surgery in primary active tuberculosis, adjuvant surgical therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and the complications of chronic tuberculosis sequelae or previous tuberculosis surgery.
Are adjunct subvalvular techniques more effective than isolated restrictive annuloplasty for treating ischemic mitral regurgitation?
Authors: Athanasopoulos Leonidas V. , Moscarelli Marco , Speziale Giuseppe , Punjabi Prakash P. , Athanasiou Thanos
Published: July 2016

This review focused on whether subvalvular techniques are more effective than isolated restrictive annuloplasty in addressing ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR). Searching identified 445 papers and, following a selection process, we ended up with 10 articles. Two were propensity-matched studies, four retrospective and four prospective, non-randomized studies. The end points of interest were late recurrence of MR, other early echocardiographic outcomes of mitral function and early mortality. All studies focusing on echocardiographic measurements showed improved results in the groups where subvalvular repair techniques were used. In almost all studies, the recurrence of MR postoperatively was less when subvalvular techniques were used. No difference in early or in-hospital mortality was demonstrated in all four studies that included comparisons. We conclude that subvalvular techniques in combination with annuloplasty are safe and may better address ischemic MR than the use of annuloplasty ring alone.
Local employment additionality impacts of Chinese overseas foreign direct investment in selected African economies
Authors: Miniesy Rania S , Adams John D
Published: July 2016

Many empirical studies have focused on the macroeconomic impact of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment on African economies. However, the results are rarely consistent and often contradictory. This paper approaches the ‘impact’ question from a different perspective using the ‘net additionality’ methodology to test, at the micro level, if Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment does positively impact one dimension, employment, at the local level. The data set comprises 80 Chinese investment projects over the 2003–2013 period in seven African economies. Net additionality, as a concept, is much wider than standard multiplier analysis and is more suited to analysing project impacts at the local level in both developed and developing economies. The results demonstrate that Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment can have substantial indirect employment effects and induced employment effects can be significant under certain conditions. These include a local supply chain infrastructure, reasonable human capital levels, availability of locally produced goods and local wages spent on such goods. The policy implications arising from the study suggest a dire need for local government action in the areas of training, education, local content minima and enabling policies that encourage small and medium enterprises' (SME) development.
The structure of time perspective: Age-related differences in Poland
Authors: Sobol-Kwapinska Malgorzata , Przepiorka Aneta , Zimbardo Philip P
Published: July 2016

The purpose of the paper is to present the main findings on the factor structure of time perspective measured using the Polish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999) in different age groups. A total of 2789 adults took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory items was conducted in a group of respondents aged 18–78 years to verify the original five-factor structure. Separate principal component analyses were carried out for three age groups: 18–27, 28–39, and 40–65 years old. In the group of students, a fairly clear five-factor structure of time perspective was found. In the group of the oldest respondents, a three-factor structure emerged, which can be described as follows: Past-Negative combined with Present-Fatalistic, Past-Positive combined with Future, and a separate factor corresponding to the Present-Hedonistic scale. Differences in the factor structure of time perspective were interpreted in the context of developmental change.
Simultaneous activities in the household and residential electricity demand in Spain
Authors: Torriti Jacopo , Santiago Isabel
Published: July 2016

Recent research and policy studies on the low-carbon future highlight the importance of flexible electricity demand. This might be problematic particularly for residential electricity demand, which is related to simultaneous consumers’ practices in the household. This paper analyses issues of simultaneity in residential electricity demand in Spain. It makes use of the 2011 Spanish Time Use Survey data with comparisons from the previous Spanish Time Use Survey and the Harmonised European Time Use Surveys. Findings show that media activities are associated with the highest levels of continuity and simultaneity, particularly in the early and late parts of the evening during weekdays.
Screening vs. non-screening detected colorectal cancer: Differences in pre-therapeutic work up and treatment
Authors: Saraste D , Martling A , Nilsson PJ , Blom J , Törnberg S , Janson M
Published: July 2016

Objectives

To compare preoperative staging, multidisciplinary team-assessment, and treatment in patients with screening detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer.

Methods

Data on patient and tumour characteristics, staging, multidisciplinary team-assessment and treatment in patients with screening and non-screening detected colorectal cancer from 2008 to 2012 were collected from the Stockholm–Gotland screening register and the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry.

Results

The screening group had a higher proportion of stage I disease (41 vs. 15%; p < 0.001), a more complete staging of primary tumour and metastases and were more frequently multidisciplinary team-assessed than the non-screening group ( p < 0.001). In both groups, patients with endoscopically resected cancers were less completely staged and multidisciplinary team-assessed than patients with surgically resected cancers ( p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the screening and non-screening groups in the use of neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer (68 vs.76%), surgical treatment with local excision techniques in stage I rectal cancer (6 vs. 9%) or adjuvant chemotherapy in stages II and III disease (46 vs. 52%). Emergency interventions for colorectal cancer occurred in 4% of screening participants vs. 11% of non-compliers.

Conclusions

Screening detected cancer patients were staged and multidisciplinary team assessed more extensively than patients with non-screening detected cancers. Staging and multidisciplinary team assessment prior to endoscopic resection was less complete compared with surgical resection. Extensive surgical and (neo)adjuvant treatment was given in stage I disease. Participation in screening reduced the risk of emergency surgery for colorectal cancer.
Factors Influencing Pap Screening Use Among African Immigrant Women
Authors: Adegboyega Adebola , Hatcher Jennifer
Published: July 2016

Purpose: Papanicolau (Pap) screenings disparities exist for immigrant women in the United States. This study sought to have an understanding of factors influencing Pap screening among sub-Saharan African immigrant women. Method: This is a qualitative descriptive study. Women were recruited from the community and by word of mouth following institutional review board approval. Data were gathered through in-depth focus group and demographic questionnaires. Interview sessions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed for themes. Findings: Twenty-two women aged 24 to 65 years were interviewed. Barriers to screening included low knowledge of screening, cost, cultural beliefs, fear and communication issues. Motivators to improve Pap use include provider’s recommendations, enlightenment, and family support. Discussion: Interventions addressing the barriers peculiar to this population may alleviate these barriers and improve Pap screening use in this population. Providers have the opportunity to influence screening attitudes of African-born women by providing awareness and patient-targeted interventions.
User Experience and Care Integration in Transitional Care for Older People From Hospital to Home
Authors: Allen Jacqueline , Hutchinson Alison M. , Brown Rhonda , Livingston Patricia M.
Published: July 2016

This meta-synthesis aimed to improve understanding of user experience of older people, carers, and health providers; and care integration in the care of older people transitioning from hospital to home. Following our systematic search, we identified and synthesized 20 studies, and constructed a comprehensive framework. We derived four themes: (1) ‘Who is taking care of what? Trying to work together”; (2) ‘Falling short of the mark’; (3) ‘A proper discharge’; and (4) ‘You adjust somehow.’ The themes that emerged from the studies reflected users’ experience of discharge and transitional care as a social process of ‘negotiation and navigation of independence (older people/carers), or dependence (health providers).’ Users engaged in negotiation and navigation through the interrogative strategies of questioning, discussion, information provision, information seeking, assessment, and translation. The derived themes reflected care integration that facilitated, or a lack of care integration that constrained, users’ experiences of negotiation and navigation of independence/dependence.
Factor Structure and Administration Measurement Invariance of the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale in Latino College Samples: Paper–Pencil Versus Internet Administrations
Authors: Hirai Michiyo , Vernon Laura L. , Clum George A.
Published: July 2016

The psychometric properties of the paper–pencil and online versions of the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BTMI) were examined in two studies with Latina/o individuals. In Study 1, 316 Latina/o participants completed the BTMI in a paper–pencil mode. The original three-factor model was found to be a poor fit model for the sample. Subsequent exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a four-factor model as the best fitting model for the sample. The identified factors were Dangerousness, Social Dysfunction, Incurability, and Embarrassment. In Study 2, the identified best fit model was tested with 280 Latina/o participants who completed the BTMI online. The four-factor model had adequate fit. A series of measurement invariance tests on the fit model supported equal factor loadings, but rejected equivalent intercepts across paper–pencil and online administration methods, though partially equivalent intercepts and residuals were found. Consequently, modality-specific norms are recommended, depending on whether paper–pencil or online venues are utilized for administration.
A Study Space Analysis and Narrative Review of Trauma-Informed Mediators of Dating Violence
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Jouriles Ernest N.
Published: July 2016

Research linking child maltreatment and dating violence in adolescence and emerging adulthood has proliferated in the past two decades; however, the precise mechanisms by which these experiences are related remain elusive. A trauma-informed perspective suggests four particularly promising mediators: maladaptive attachment, emotion regulation difficulties, emotional distress, and hostility. The current article characterizes the status of the empirical literature examining these four mediators using a study space analysis and a narrative review of existing research. An extensive literature search identified 42 papers (44 studies) that met the following criteria: (1) at least one measure of child maltreatment (emotional, physical, sexual, neglect, or exposure to intimate partner violence); (2) a measure of one of the four mediator variables; (3) a measure of dating violence perpetration or victimization; and (4) a sample of adolescents or young adults. The study space analysis suggested several important observations about the research on this topic, including a dearth of studies examining hostility as a mediator and little research using prospective designs or clinical samples. There are also limitations with the conceptualization and measurement of dating violence, child maltreatment, and some of the mediator variables. In addition, few studies examined more than one mediator variable in the same study. The narrative review suggested that maladaptive attachment (specifically insecure attachment styles), emotion regulation difficulties (specifically regulation of the emotion of anger), and emotional distress construed broadly represent promising mediators of the association between child maltreatment and dating violence, but conclusions about mediation must remain tentative given the state of the literature. The discussion offers recommendations for improved theoretical and empirical rigor to advance future research on mechanisms linking child maltreatment and dating violence.
Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and apolipoprotein E interactions as mechanisms in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Salameh Therese S , Rhea Elizabeth M , Banks William A , Hanson Angela J
Published: July 2016

An increased risk for Alzheimer's disease is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. A separate literature shows the genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease is strongly correlated to the presence of the E4 isoform of the apolipoprotein E carrier protein. Understanding how apolipoprotein E carrier protein, lipids, amyloid β peptides, glucose, central nervous system insulin, and peripheral insulin interact with one another in Alzheimer's disease is an area of increasing interest. Here, we will review the evidence relating apolipoprotein E carrier protein, lipids, and insulin action to Alzheimer's disease and Aβ peptides and then propose mechanisms as to how these factors might interact with one another to impair cognition and promote Alzheimer's disease.
Automated knowledge discovery and semantic annotation for network and web services
Authors: Lin Szu-Yin , Chung Chia-Chen , Hu Wei-Che , Hung Chihli , Chen Shih-Lun , Lin Ting-Lan
Published: July 2016

With the rise of the Internet of things, the smart environmental issue is becoming increasingly important. Sensor web is one of the best solutions to this issue and provides the advantages of sensor networks and web services. Ontology web language for services (OWL-S) is an OWL-based web services ontology, which provides the ability to describe the semantics of web services and their capabilities in a formal and machine-processable manner. Moreover, it aids semantic service matching, selection and composition. However, automatically annotating semantic web services is a highly complicated and tedious task. In this study, we propose a methodology to uncover information in the history data and profiles of web services and then semantically annotate them. With the proposed approach, semantic relationships between web services could be extracted via a combination of association rules and input/output matching. Our results show that this hybrid automated knowledge-discovery approach works better than traditional approaches do. We also provide a scenario to explain how the proposed methodology works.