bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dilemmas and Directions in the Consideration of Differences in Teachers and Students’ Evaluations of Recommended Financial Accounting Textbooks
Authors: Oyetoro Oyebode Stephen
Published: December 2020

This provocation focuses on the problems that may emanate from the consideration of differences between stakeholders–teachers’ and students’ evaluation of recommended textbooks for informed curricular decision making. The article draws on empirical data from a study on the evaluation of recommended senior secondary financial accounting textbooks in Southwestern Nigeria. It highlighted the emergence of four dilemmas and describes how a focus on resolving them can proffer remedy for the perennial worrying about the contemptuous misconstructions in the consideration of curriculum (evaluation) outcomes. The article also offers an open discourse for evaluative research practitioners.
Educational Campaigns for Product Labels: Evidence from On-Shelf Nutritional Labeling
Authors: Bollinger Bryan , Liebman Eli , Hammond David , Hobin Erin , Sacco Jocelyn
Published: December 2020

Front-of-package and on-shelf nutrition labeling systems in supermarkets have been shown to lead to only modest increases in the purchase of more nutritious foods. Educational campaigns may increase the use of these types of product labels if (1) there is a lack of consumer awareness and/or understanding of the labels, and (2) the information provided leads consumers to prefer different products. The authors study a large-scale national campaign for the Guiding Stars nutrition labels conducted by a grocery retailer in Canada that implemented the labels. Using detailed household transaction data, the authors find only a small increase in the purchase of higher star–rated foods during the campaign, driven by produce purchases, and 60% of the effect disappears after the campaign’s conclusion. Exit surveys were conducted outside of stores before and after the campaign to explain the limited response. Awareness and understanding of the nutrition labeling system increased marginally after the campaign, but there was no increase in self-reported use.
Learning to Respond to Students in Discussions: Examining the Use of Planted Errors in an Approximation of Practice
Authors: Baldinger Erin E. , Campbell Matthew P. , Graif Foster
Published: December 2020

Students’ contributions that are not yet mathematically complete, precise, or correct are crucial for learning through classroom discussions. We aim to support teacher candidates (TCs) to see students’ ideas as evidence of sensemaking and to respond in ways that keep student thinking central to the discussion. Although approximations of practice are a promising pedagogy for supporting TCs’ learning, more research is needed to link features of approximations and TCs’ opportunities to learn. Using data from a multiyear collaboration across two institutions, we investigate the use of coached rehearsals and how the design feature of “planted errors” contributed to multiple components of teacher learning in part through the impact on key features of approximations of practice. Our findings illustrate the available opportunities for TCs to develop skill with a complex practice. These results offer implications for the design of approximations of practice and approaches to studying their role in teacher development.
Validating dental age estimation in Kenyan black children and adolescents using the Willems method
Authors: Cadenas de Llano-Pérula Maria , Kihara Eunice , Thevissen Patrick , Nyamunga Donna , Fieuws Steffen , Kanini Mary , Willems Guy
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to validate the Willems Belgian Caucasian (Willems BC) age estimation model in a Kenyan sample, to develop and validate a Kenyan-specific (Willems KB) age estimation model and to compare the age prediction performances of both models.

Methods

Panoramic radiographs of 1038 (523 female, 515 male) Kenyan children without missing permanent teeth and without all permanent teeth fully developed (except third molars) were retrospectively selected. Tooth development of the seven lower-left permanent teeth was staged according to Demirjian et al. The Willems BC model, performed on a Belgian Caucasian sample and a constructed Kenyan-specific model (Willems KB) were validated on the Kenyan sample. Their age prediction performances were quantified and compared using the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE).

Results

The ME with Willems BC method equalled zero. Hence, there was no systematic under- or overestimation of the age. For males and females separately, the ME with Willems BC was significantly different from zero, but negligible in magnitude (–0.04 and 0.04, respectively). Willems KB was found not to outperform Willems BC, since the MAE and RMSE were comparable (0.98 vs 0.97 and 1.31 vs 1.29, respectively). Although Willems BC resulted in a higher percentage of subjects with predicted age within a one-year difference of the true age (63.3% vs 60.4%, p=0.018), this cannot be considered as clinically relevant.

Conclusion

There is no reason to use a country-specific (Willems KB) model in children from Kenya instead of the original Willems (BC) model.
The Language of the Unheard: Legal Services and the 1960s Race Riots
Authors: Cunningham Jamein P.
Published: December 2020

This article uses newly collected data on communities who received legal services grants between 1965 and 1975 to evaluate the effectiveness of the federal antirioting program. Results indicate a 4.8% reduction in the number of riots and a 4.7% reduction in the duration of riots due to legal services programs. Additional analysis identifies a positive relationship between riot propensity and legal services funding. Therefore, the estimates provide a lower bound for the possible causal relationship between the legal service program and riot propensities. Further analysis reveals communities implementing legal services programs earlier report better community–police relations in 1970. Together these results are consistent with the historical narrative that legal service lawyers’ involvement in community empowerment and advocacy mitigated the damage of riots that occurred in the 1960s.
Experimental and numerical investigation of stiffened angle connection in a minor axis
Authors: Wang Peng , Pan Jianrong , Wang Zhan , Li Bin , Qin Jiangui
Published: December 2020

The bolted angle connections which are simple, fast, cost-effective, high quality, and no site welding have been recognized as their excellent performance. The moment-rotation behavior of both major and minor axis should be both taken into considering, however, the lack of research on minor axis limits the more comprehensive application. Five monotonic tests were carried out to investigate the influence under different parameters, and a new type connection were considered and detailed. Refined finite element models were built to validate the experimental results and to do several parametric analyses on initial rotational stiffness and plastic moment resistance, including of a presence of stiffened seat angle, angle thickness, and prying force. Furthermore, a new simplified plate method was proposed for calculating stiffness of stiffened angle and web in bending. The stiffened angle gives a significant increase at the moment-resisting capacity and the initial stiffness, the ultimate rotation of all tested specimens was beyond 0.067rad. The initial stiffness and plastic moment resistance of the joints were also controlled by the column web. The presence of the stiffener in the compression zone has the none effect on initial stiffness. The numerical analysis has captured the failure reason for weld and more attention should be paid to welding of stiffener in engineering design and practice. Adding stiffener at the top-and-seat angle joint can reduce the prying force of bolt, but it still cannot be ignored. The theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental data and finite element results; therefore, it can be used to guide the design and selection of joints.
Challenging anti-Judaism in the New Testament: a case study from Luke
Authors: Conway-Jones Ann
Published: December 2020

What are the most troubling New Testament verses for Jewish–Christian relations? Matthew 27.25 or John 8.44 perhaps? I am increasingly disturbed by Luke 4.28–30, particularly after hearing sermons that take the story at face value, seeking to explain why the Nazareth synagogue worshippers turned into a lynch mob, rather than questioning why Luke published such a calumny. This article examines the explanations given in biblical commentaries for the behaviour of the Nazareth congregation. It argues that we ought to be looking instead to Luke’s context, and the complex dynamics involved in Gentiles adopting Israel’s Scriptures, prepared to acknowledge the violence of New Testament rhetoric.
What is Holocaust perpetrator fiction?
Authors: Pettitt Joanne
Published: December 2020

In this article, I argue that fiction that centralizes the perpetrator perspective should be understood as a central part of the canon of Holocaust fiction. However, as I aim to show, greater distinction needs to be made between different kinds of perpetrator writing. Comparing fiction about generic Nazis with stories that centralize the figure of Adolf Hitler, I attempt to outline some of the key similarities and differences. Ultimately, perpetrator fiction works by drawing connections with the reader: the implication is that readers also have the capacity for wrongdoing and could, under the necessary conditions, act in atrocious ways. This has implications for reader responses, especially those concerning empathy and judgement. On the other hand, Hitler fiction relies on the ‘otherness’ of the Nazi leader, whose character resists easy normalization. This raises important questions about Hitler’s place in the Western cultural imagination.
Bookending the Enlightenment: Scandinavia’s first novel and the Anthropocene condemnation of its TV adaptation
Authors: Larsen Mads
Published: December 2020

Niels Klim’s Underground Travels (1741) was the European breakthrough for the Norwegian Enlightenment polymath Ludvig Holberg. The emerging novel format inspired Holberg to trust his readers to use their own rationality to decide on the contentious issues of their era. The intellectual contrarian had always been sceptical of his contemporaries’ ability to reason, but he died content that his writings had made a positive impact. Over two centuries later, a Danish TV adaptation of Niels Klim casts a more misanthropic verdict. The mini-series concludes that humanity lacks reason and is an environmentally disastrous mistake. This article compares narrative and thematic argument in these two works to explore the evolution of Western views on rationality, nationality, gender, and environmentalism. If it is the case that, as the TV adaptation and many modern critics suggest, human reason is unlikely to solve the twenty-first-century’s existential threats, what is the alternative for humanity?
Trends in the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among undergraduate students at a South African University, 2016–2019
Authors: Rousseau Kim-Louise , Thompson Sabrina , Pileggi Lea-Ann , Henry Michelle , Thomas Kevin GF
Published: December 2020

University students are particularly vulnerable to mood disorders. This vulnerability may be increasing, with recent investigations reporting sharp rises in the prevalence of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Moreover, previous studies indicate that first-year undergraduates tend to show more depression and suicidal ideation than students in subsequent years. However, most studies in the extant literature emerge from high-income countries in the global north; relatively few focus on university students in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. Because students in low- and middle-income countries are more likely to be exposed to crime and trauma, and less likely to have easily accessible mental health services, they might be at even higher risk for developing mood disorders than their counterparts in high-income countries. Furthermore, most previous studies of mental health in university students analyse cross-sectional data and therefore cannot comment on longitudinal patterns in the data. To fill these knowledge gaps, the current study aimed to describe recent trends in depression and suicidal ideation among South African university students. We analysed both archival ( n = 2593) and original ( n = 499) Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition reports, sampled between 2016 and 2019. As expected, depression and suicidal ideation scores increased significantly over time, and first-year students reported significantly more depression and suicidal ideation than students in subsequent years of study. These findings suggest that preventive interventions during sensitive periods of undergraduate study are imperative and provide a foundation for treatment strategies tailored to the needs of the most vulnerable South African students.
The U.S. Marine Corps’ Response to Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: An Analysis of the Family Advocacy Program and the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program
Authors: Bonnes Stephanie , Palmer Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2020

In this article, we show how the U.S. military treats domestic violence and sexual assault as distinct forms of abuse, which has particular consequences for victims of intimate partner sexual violence. We explore how a specific U.S. military branch, the Marine Corps, complicates these issues further by providing services to intimate partner sexual violence victims from two different programs. Analyzing military orders and documents related to Family Advocacy Program and Sexual Assault Prevention and Response program, interviews with eight military prosecutors, and the experiences of one military lawyer, we examine program and interactional-level factors that shape victim services, advocacy, and processes. We find that there are program differences in specialized services, coordinated services, and potential breaches of confidentiality related to victim’s cases. We recommend that the Marine Corps recognize the intersections of sexual violence and domestic violence and offer more tailored services to victims of intimate partner sexual violence.
Management, the state and union-weakening practices in Chile: A case study approach of the dual and ambivalent role of the state in a process of democratisation
Authors: Bellido de Luna Daina
Published: December 2020

The article analyses a range of union-weakening practices developed in three Chilean workplaces. The findings suggest the existence of an ambivalent employment relationship between employers and trade unions where an ongoing informal labour–management partnership simultaneously coexisted with de-collectivising strategies. The article argues that the Chilean state has aided employers in the implementation of such union-weakening practices through the labour legislation. Sixty-nine semi-structured interviews with trade union leaders, human resource managers and field experts inform this research. The legacy of previous forms of state intervention that countered the processes of democratisation is found to be essential in the use of de-collectivisation.
Has public leadership as we know it reached the end of its shelf life? Exploring leadership styles in the 21st century
Authors: Lues Liezel
Published: December 2020

In this article, the aim is to question the relevance of well-known public leadership styles to the 21st century. The aim is buoyed by the notion that traditional leadership styles, even more so conventional ways of leading, will no longer ensure success, as 21st-century risks have had a considerable impact on the role and disposition of the public leader. The article draws on a qualitative review of academic papers and articles, documentary materials, surveys, and reports. An analysis of this material is used to gain a broad understanding of how public leadership styles are transforming under the impetus of the 21st century. The discussion is based on the challenges that public leaders are likely to face over the next decade, the pacesetters for public leaders to transform in the 21st century, and recommendations guiding public leadership styles for the 21st century.
Sport and Defection From Romania During the Cold War
Authors: Petracovschi Simona , Chin Jessica W.
Published: December 2020

During the Cold War in Eastern Europe, sport and politics became increasingly intertwined and complicated as the communist states, which strictly controlled the movement of its athletes, allowed athletes to travel abroad for competition, consequently opening opportunities for defection. In search of a better life, many athletes knowingly put themselves and their families at great risk, seeking opportunities to defect to other countries once outside their national borders. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the communist state in Romania acted to stop the defection of athletes from Romania, focusing on two defection situations which occurred at different points during the Cold War, one in 1956 and the second in 1981. Historical data for this study were retrieved from the National Council for the Study of Securitate Archives (CNSAS) in Romania, the archives at the Lausanne Olympic Museum in Switzerland, and the online archives from the National Archives of Australia (NAA).
On the Meanings of Functional Play: A Review and Clarification of Definitions
Authors: Sidhu Jeevita , Barlas Natasha , Lifter Karin
Published: December 2020

The term functional play is used widely and variably in serving young children who have developmental delays, affecting its use in research and practice. It also is confused with play as a functional goal. We reviewed studies that used the term. Of 146 reports, less than half included a definition. We organized those with definitions into two groups: one in terms of appropriate use of toys and the other in terms of motor activities. We conclude that the toy-directed focus subsumed in appropriate use is subject to wide variation in interpretation, and it should not be used as a category of play. It does not explicitly take into account children’s developmental progress in play. We recommend the term should be reserved for activities that support engagement and interest. Such activities represent play as functional for a child, requiring an understanding of children’s progress in play, which is play that is child-focused.
Awareness and Utilization of Obstetric Epidural Analgesia in Labour Among Pregnant Women in Wesley Guild Hospital Ilesha, Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye Oluwatoyin , Dada Samuel Oluwasogo , Alabi Great O.
Published: December 2020

Epidural analgesia is widely used as an effective method of pain relief in labor. This study was therefore designed to investigate the awareness and level of utilization of obstetric analgesia in labour among pregnant women in Wesley Guild Hospital Ilesha, Nigeria. The descriptive study involving 110 pregnant women revealed that about half (41.8%) of the respondents had poor knowledge score, 37.3% had fair knowledge, while 20.9% had good knowledge score on obstetric epidural analgesia. Only 10.9% of the respondents had used epidural analgesia and 83.3% were satisfied with the use. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of respondents and the use of obstetric epidural analgesia. Moderate awareness, poor knowledge and low level of utilization of obstetric epidural analgesia were documented. There is a need for adequate awareness programs to enhance the knowledge of epidural analgesia and its utilization among pregnant women in order to reduce the excruciating labour pain.
Multidetector computed tomography diagnosis of small bowel intussusceptions in adults: observations in a 10-year single-center study
Authors: Hu Maoqing , Long Fang , Long Wansheng , Jin Zhifa , Yin Hekun , Li Chao
Published: December 2020

Background

The etiologies of small bowel intussusception (SBI) in adults are varied.

Purpose

To investigate multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) characteristics in adults with neoplastic and non-neoplastic SBI.

Material and Methods

Clinical data and MDCT images diagnosed with SBI in adults from January 2010 to May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

The study included a total of 71 patients. Forty-two patients had a combined total of 55 neoplastic intussusceptions, including 29 patients with benign tumors and 13 patients with malignant tumors. Twenty-nine patients had a combined total of 36 non-neoplastic intussusceptions, of which the condition was idiopathic in 23 patients and cased by non-neoplastic benign lesions in six patients. There were no significant differences in patient age or sex ratio in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic groups. In the non-neoplastic group the intussusceptions were shorter in length (3.6 cm vs. 13.2 cm, P<0.05) and smaller in transverse diameter (2.8 cm vs. 4.2 cm, P<0.05), and less likely to be associated with intestinal obstruction (2 vs. 18, P<0.05). The percentage of patients with multiple intussusceptions was greater in the neoplastic group (10/42, 23.8% vs. 4/29, 13.8%). In the non-neoplastic group only one lead point was detected (in a patient with Meckel’s diverticulum), whereas lead points were detected in all 55 intussusceptions in the neoplastic group.

Conclusion

There are differences in the clinical and MDCT manifestations of adult neoplastic and non-neoplastic SBIs. Whether a lead point is present or not has implications with regard to deciding on the most appropriate treatment and avoiding unnecessary surgery.
I stay at home with headache. A survey to investigate how the lockdown for COVID-19 impacted on headache in Italian children
Authors: Papetti Laura , Alaimo Di Loro Pierfrancesco , Tarantino Samuela , Grazzi Licia , Guidetti Vincenzo , Parisi Pasquale , Raieli Vincenzo , Sciruicchio Vittorio , Termine Cristiano , Toldo Irene , Tozzi Elisabetta , Verdecchia Paola , Carotenuto Marco , Battisti Matteo , Celi Angela , D'Agnano Daniela , Faedda Noemi , Ferilli Michela AN , Grillo Giovanni , Natalucci Giulia , Onofri Agnese , Pelizza Maria Federica , Ursitti Fabiana , Vasta Michelangelo , Velardi Margherita , Balestri Martina , Moavero Romina , Vigevano Federico , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: December 2020

Objective

The present Italian multicenter study aimed at investigating whether the course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents was changed during the lockdown necessary to contain the COVID-19 emergency in Italy.

Methods

During the lockdown, we submitted an online questionnaire to patients already diagnosed with primary headache disorders. Questions explored the course of headache, daily habits, psychological factors related to COVID-19, general mood and school stress. Answers were transformed into data for statistical analysis. Through a bivariate analysis, the main variables affecting the subjective trend of headache, and intensity and frequency of the attacks were selected. The significant variables were then used for the multivariate analysis.

Results

We collected the answers of 707 patients. In the multivariate analysis, we found that reduction of school effort and anxiety was the main factor explaining the improvement in the subjective trend of headache and the intensity and frequency of the attacks ( p < 0.001). The greater the severity of headache, the larger was the clinical improvement ( p < 0.001). Disease duration was negatively associated with the improvement ( p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that clinical improvement was independent of prophylaxis ( p > 0.05), presence of chronic headache disorders ( p > 0.05) and geographical area ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study showed that lifestyle modification represents the main factor impacting the course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents. In particular, reduction in school-related stress during the lockdown was the main factor explaining the general headache improvement in our population.
Longitudinal-Scanline-Based Arterial Traffic Video Analytics with Coordinate Transformation Assisted by 3D Infrastructure Data
Authors: Zhang Terry Tianya , Guo Mengyang , Jin Peter J. , Ge Yi , Gong Jie
Published: December 2020

High-resolution vehicle trajectory data can be used to generate a wide range of performance measures and facilitate many smart mobility applications for traffic operations and management. In this paper, a Longitudinal Scanline LiDAR-Camera model is explored for trajectory extraction at urban arterial intersections. The proposed model can efficiently detect vehicle trajectories under the complex, noisy conditions (e.g., hanging cables, lane markings, crossing traffic) typical of an arterial intersection environment. Traces within video footage are then converted into trajectories in world coordinates by matching a video image with a 3D LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) model through key infrastructure points. Using 3D LiDAR data will significantly improve the camera calibration process for real-world trajectory extraction. The pan-tilt-zoom effects of the traffic camera can be handled automatically by a proposed motion estimation algorithm. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating longitudinal-scanline-based vehicle trajectory detection and the 3D LiDAR point cloud to provide lane-by-lane high-resolution trajectory data. The resulting system has the potential to become a low-cost but reliable measure for future smart mobility systems.
Determining On-/Off-track Lesions in Glenohumeral Dislocation Using Multiplanar Reconstruction Computed Tomography Is Easier and More Reproducible Than Using 3-dimensional Computed Tomography
Authors: Mulleneers Laura Irène C. , Van Rompaey Hannah , Haloui Baïdir , Pouliart Nicole
Published: December 2020

Background:

The glenoid track is a useful tool to predict engagement and therefore the risk of recurrence of dislocation in the presence of Hill-Sachs and/or bony Bankart lesions. To assess the glenoid track preoperatively, only methods using 3-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) have been described, but these lack a standardized, reliable, and easy description.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to evaluate a new method for determining the glenoid track using computed tomography (CT) scan with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in comparison with using 3DR images. Our hypothesis was that the MPR method would be easier to standardize and more reproducible.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 52 patients whose arthro-CT scan revealed a Hill-Sachs lesion, whether in combination with a bony Bankart lesion or not, were included. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data from the 52 CT scans were all analyzed using open source image analysis software. Glenoid width, with or without associated bony defect, and the Hill-Sachs interval (HSI) were measured on MPR as well as on 3DR images. All measurements obtained using both methods were directly compared and evaluated for intra- and interobserver reliability.

Results:

In absolute values, only small differences were seen between the MPR and 3DR methods, amounting to a maximal difference of 0.07 cm for the HSI and 0.04 cm for the glenoid width. For glenoid measurements, both methods were similar. For humeral measurements, the MPR method demonstrated higher inter- and intraobserver reliability than did the 3DR method.

Conclusion:

The newly described MPR method for the assessment of the glenoid track and HSI is at least as accurate as the published 3DR method, with better intra- and interobserver reliability. Because MPRs are also easier to obtain, this method could be recommended in daily practice.
Who Cares? Preferences for Formal and Informal Care Among Older Adults in Québec
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Revelli Marina , Dickson Daniel , Marier Patrik
Published: December 2020

Policy makers, practitioners, and scholars are increasingly examining the types of care services (formal vs. informal) offered to older adults. This study evaluates predictors of these adults’ preferences for care types in Québec, Canada, based on a province-wide survey inserted in a magazine of the largest seniors’ club in Canada (FADOQ). More than twice as many respondents indicated a preference for formal rather than informal care. Multinomial logistic regressions demonstrate that older adults’ past and current experiences and perceptions of formal and informal services continue to play an important role in their preference formation regarding care services. The study determined that preferring informal care is significantly more prevalent when one is accustomed to this type of care, and that men are significantly more likely to prefer informal care than women, and that lower-income individuals are less likely to favor formal care.
Learning Culture and Computational Thinking in a Spanish Course: A Development Model
Authors: Zha Shenghua , Morrow Debra A. L. , Curtis Jennifer , Mitchell Shane
Published: December 2020

Computer science and computational thinking (CT) education in K-12 schools have been escalating in recent years. A couple of CT instructional models have been proposed to depict the roles of CT in K-16 education. Yet, neither of them discussed CT infusion into a subject course. In this article, we proposed a CT-integration model called TPC2T. In this model, we suggested considering CT as a second subject and using an appropriate technological pedagogical approach to make students’ learning of two subjects meaningful and engaging. We implemented this model in a CT-integrated lesson in two sections of a high-school Spanish course. Students worked in small groups and coded three small and one comprehensive digital Spanish-culture stories in Scratch. Results showed that students taking the CT-integrated lesson had the same degree of improvement in their Spanish culture knowledge as their peers who did not take the CT-integrated lesson. Besides, students taking the CT-integrated lesson had a significant improvement in their CT knowledge. At the same time, their CT self-efficacy outperformed those who did not take the CT-integrated lesson. We discussed the results and offered suggestions for researchers and educators at the end of the article.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Severe COVID-19 Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Xu Jingyuan , Xie Jianfeng , Du Bin , Tong Zhaohui , Qiu Haibo , Bagshaw Sean M.
Published: December 2020

Background:

The incidence and outcome of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced kidney injury have been variably described. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, correlates and outcomes of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods:

We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 671 critically ill adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 19 hospitals in China between January 1 to February 29, 2020. Data were captured on demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, acute physiology, laboratory parameters, interventions, and outcomes. The primary exposure was ICU admission for confirmed COVID-19 related critically illness. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with AKI, organ dysfunction, treatment intensity, and health services use.

Measurements and Main Results:

Of 671 severe COVID-19 patients (median [IQR] 65 [56-73] years; male sex 65% (n = 434); hypertension 43% (n = 287) and APACHE II score 10 [7-14]), 39% developed AKI. Patients with AKI were older, had greater markers of inflammation and coagulation activation, and had greater acuity and organ dysfunction as presentation. Despite similar treatment with antivirals, patients with AKI had lower viral conversion negative rates than those without AKI. The 28-day mortality was much higher in AKI patients than patients without AKI (72% vs. 42%), and there was an increase in 28-day mortality according to the severity of AKI. Non-survivors were less likely to receive antiviral therapy [132 (70%) vs. 65 (88%)] compared with survivors and have lower viral negative conversion rate [17 (9%) vs. 47 (64%)].

Conclusions:

Acute kidney injury was quite common in severe COVID-19 pneumonia, which associated with higher mortality.
Swagger Like Us: Black Millennials’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Influence of 1980s and 1990s Urban Fashion Brands
Authors: Johnson Courtney , Reddy-Best Kelly L. , Sanders Eulanda A.
Published: December 2020

In New York City in the late 1970s, the Black community created hip-hop, a significant cultural phenomenon, which has since spread around the world. Our research is centered on the revolutionary hip-hop fashion movement in Black history as it relates to Black millennials’ experiences of fashioning their bodies. We examine the perception of Black millennials who are attending or have attended historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU) and their knowledge and perceptions of prominent Black-owned, urban fashion brands that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s. Additionally, we seek to understand how or if these brands influence Black millennial consumers and their stylistic choices today. We used a qualitative approach and conducted 14 in-depth, semistructured interviews. Based on analysis of the data, we identified four themes: awareness of urban styles; ambiguous perceptions; 1980s and 1990s urban style influence; and awareness of cultural appropriation. We offer implications to the apparel industry.
Phenelzine and Morphine Drug-Drug Interaction? A Literature Review
Authors: Beechinor Ryan J. , Tyson Rachel , Roth Mary E.
Published: December 2020

The objectives of this manuscript are to describe a case report of a patient whose phenelzine maintenance therapy was discontinued due to concern for a phenelzine-morphine drug interaction, to review the available literature regarding the potential for this drug-drug interaction, and provide recommendations for this clinical scenario. A PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted and all publications determined to be relevant to this case report were included. Literature describing in vitro data, case reports/human studies, and review articles concerning the interaction between morphine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were included. A total of 14 publications pertinent to the potential phenelzine-morphine interaction were included in this review including 5 in vitro studies, 4 human studies, and 6 review articles detailing the drug interaction profile between opioids and antidepressants. Of these publications, only a single case report of a potential drug interaction between morphine and phenelzine was identified. The literature suggesting a drug interaction between morphine and phenelzine is limited. The combination of phenelzine and morphine, with close monitoring for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, is reasonable for patients with appropriate indications for both agents.
Implementation of a Protocol for Peripheral Intravenous Norepinephrine: Does It Save Central Line Insertion, Is It Safe?
Authors: Cape Kari M. , Jones Laureen G. , Weber Michele L. , Elefritz Jessica L.
Published: December 2020

Background

Central venous catheters (CVC) are generally recommended for norepinephrine administration due to risk of tissue ischemia. Early resuscitation, leading to decreased infusion duration, may minimize the need for CVCs if norepinephrine can be administered safely through a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV).

Objective

A protocol was developed for peripheral administration. Safety, CVC placement, and adherence with protocol elements were evaluated.

Methods

A single-center, prospective, observational pilot was conducted for patients receiving norepinephrine in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU). Patients were considered for PIV administration of low dose norepinephrine for less than 24 hours based on clinical status and anticipated short-term use. Protocolized interventions for PIV’s included criteria for gauge, number, and site as well as visual inspection and evaluation every 2 hours. Data was collected on protocol elements to evaluate safety and effectiveness of the protocol.

Results

There were 316 occurrences of norepinephrine infusions including 92 via PIV (patients may have received multiple treatments). 34% (31/92) did not require a CVC. 3 had infiltrated PIV’s without tissue injury. Maximum dose adherence was 73%. 97% of infusions ran less than 24 hours. Nursing adherence included: 91% gauge, 65% proper site, 99% adequate number, 49% blood return on initiation, 55% ongoing blood return, and 61% IV site checked.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that norepinephrine is safe to administer through a PIV at low doses for less than 24 hours using a protocol. Prevention of unnecessary CVC insertion is beneficial by minimizing the risk of central line complications thus improving patient morbidity.
Why Do Humans Remain Central to the Knowledge Work in the Age of Robots? Marx’s Fragment on Machines and Beyond
Authors: Karakilic Emrah
Published: December 2020

The integration of new technologies into the process of production has recently resuscitated the question of world-without-work. Accounts that regard a workless future as a strong possibility often base their arguments on a body of work that upholds that new machines already tend to eliminate the category of work, including knowledge work. This article challenges this view by revisiting Marx’s Fragment on Machines through the lens of autonomist Marxist writings. It offers an answer to the research question, inscribed in the title, that in contemporary capitalism the principal source of value and wealth lies in the general intellect embodied in living labour, living-knowledge-as-mêtis, that cannot be crystallized in and reproduced by the system of machinery and organizational tools in any meaningful way. The political implications of this argument will be discussed in the conclusion.
Statistical design considerations for trials that study multiple indications
Authors: Kaizer Alexander M , Koopmeiners Joseph S , Chen Nan , Hobbs Brian P
Published: December 2020

Breakthroughs in cancer biology have defined new research programs emphasizing the development of therapies that target specific pathways in tumor cells. Innovations in clinical trial design have followed with master protocols defined by inclusive eligibility criteria and evaluations of multiple therapies and/or histologies. Consequently, characterization of subpopulation heterogeneity has become central to the formulation and selection of a study design. However, this transition to master protocols has led to challenges in identifying the optimal trial design and proper calibration of hyperparameters. We often evaluate a range of null and alternative scenarios; however, there has been little guidance on how to synthesize the potentially disparate recommendations for what may be optimal. This may lead to the selection of suboptimal designs and statistical methods that do not fully accommodate the subpopulation heterogeneity. This article proposes novel optimization criteria for calibrating and evaluating candidate statistical designs of master protocols in the presence of the potential for treatment effect heterogeneity among enrolled patient subpopulations. The framework is applied to demonstrate the statistical properties of conventional study designs when treatments offer heterogeneous benefit as well as identify optimal designs devised to monitor the potential for heterogeneity among patients with differing clinical indications using Bayesian modeling.
Role of attitude in nurses’ responses to requests for assisted dying
Authors: Wilson Michael , Wilson Marie , Edwards Suzanne , Cusack Lynette , Wiechula Richard
Published: December 2020

Background:

Legal assisted dying is a rare event, but as legalisation expands, requests for it will likely increase, and the nurse most often receives the informal, initial request.

Objectives:

To assess the effects of attitude in interaction with normative and control beliefs on an intention to respond to a request for legal assisted dying.

Ethical considerations:

The study had the lead author’s institutional ethics approval, and participants were informed that participation was both anonymous and voluntary.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional correlational study of 377 Australian registered nurses who completed an online survey. Generalised linear modelling assessed the effects of independent variables against intended responses to requests for legal assisted dying.

Results:

Compared to nurses who did not support legal assisted dying, nurses who did had stronger beliefs in patient rights, perceived social expectations to refer the request and stronger control in that intention. Nurses who did not support legal assisted dying had stronger beliefs in ethics of duty to the patient and often held dual intentions to discuss the request with the patient but also held an intention to deflect the request to consideration of alternatives.

Discussion:

This study advances the international literature by developing quantified models explaining the complexity of nurses’ experiences with requests for an assisted death. Attitude was operationalised in interaction with other beliefs and was identified as the strongest influence on intentions, but significantly moderated by ethical norms.

Conclusion:

The complex of determinants of those intentions to respond to requests for an assisted death suggests they are not isolated from each other. Nurses might have distinct intentions, but they can also hold multiple intentions even when they prioritise one. These findings present opportunities to prepare nurses in a way that enhances moral resilience in the face of complex moral encounters.
The Effect of Values on the Attractiveness of Responsible Employers for Young Job Seekers
Authors: Bustamante Silke , Ehlscheidt Rudi , Pelzeter Andrea , Deckmann Andreas , Freudenberger Franziska
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Empirical studies suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts young job seekers’ choices of an employer. Values seem to affect CSR preferences, influencing the felt fit between the person and the organization and hereby the valence of working for that company. This article aims to research in more detail the preference structure of young graduate job seekers. In particular, it seeks to understand whether CSR is important when there is a trade-off between CSR and non-CSR attributes and whether basic value orientations of job seekers have a moderating effect on their employer preferences.

Design/methodology/approach:

This article used a quantitative approach with a survey sample of 577 German students who were in their last year of study. To gain information on the relative impact of CSR- and non-CSR-related employer characteristics on employer attractiveness, an adaptive conjoint analysis was applied. Correlation analysis and a two-step hierarchical regression were conducted to detect the effects of individual value orientations.

Findings:

Only a few CSR attributes are relevant for young job seekers compared with other traditional employer attributes. Specific value orientations can be identified as having a moderating effect on CSR preferences. This is particularly the case for value orientations indicating a concern for the welfare of others and the environment positively affect the importance of most CSR attributes while more selfish value orientations have a negative effect.

Originality/value:

This study sheds light on the relative importance of CSR attributes when compared with non-CSR attributes. Moreover, it relates employee-related preferences to individual value orientations and shows that selected values have a modifying effect on the importance of CSR for job choice.
The Chicken or the Egg? Causal Inference in Entrepreneurial Orientation–Performance Research
Authors: Anderson Brian S. , Schueler Jens , Baum Matthias , Wales William J. , Gupta Vishal K.
Published: December 2020

While entrepreneurial orientation (EO) correlates with many organizational phenomena, we lack convincing evidence of causal relationships within EO’s nomological network. We explore the challenges to establishing causal relationships with a systematic review of EO–performance research. We then use a simulation to illustrate how popular research designs in EO research limit our ability to make causal claims. We conclude by outlining the research design considerations to move from associational to causal EO–performance research. Our message is that while experiments may not be practical or feasible in many areas of organizational research, including EO, scholars can nevertheless move towards causal understanding.
On the understanding of damping capacity in SMA: From the material thermomechanical behaviour to the structure response
Authors: Helbert Guillaume , Volkov Aleksandr , Evard Margarita , Dieng Lamine , Chirani Shabnam Arbab
Published: December 2020

Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) provide a high damping capacity due to the hysteretic motion of the inter-phase boundaries during the martensitic transformation. They have demonstrated their ability to control vibrations of SMA-based Civil Engineering and Aerospace structures. In order to improve existing damping devices, characterization of SMA damping capacity is necessary, despite the lack of a standard procedure. Classical characterizations such as tensile or torsion tests on SMA samples are very attractive, the fact that they are common and simple to process. Furthermore, environment and loading conditions are quite easy to control. Different energy-based formulations have been proposed in the literature to explicitly predict SMA damping capacity from the hysteretic mechanical behaviour. The aim of this paper is to classify commonly used formulations from the literature, using a new thermomechanical vibration numerical model of a SMA beam structure. Thus, three energy-based predictions of SMA intrinsic damping ratio measured at the material scale are compared to the damping ratio measured from the free vibration signal at the SMA beam structure scale, taken as the objective reference. The formulation proposed by Piedbœuf and Gauvin provided a better match in three study-cases.
Experiences of Canadian Parents of Young Children With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Breuning Eleonore E. , Courtemanche Rebecca J. , Courtemanche Douglas J.
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Prior literature has described the perspectives of parents of young children with clip lip and/or palate; however, few studies have described parents’ experiences within a Canadian health care system. This study aims to better understand the experiences of parents of young children with cleft lip and/or palate seen at a Canadian tertiary care center and identify their care needs.

Design:

In-depth semistructured interviews.

Setting:

Pediatric tertiary care center.

Participants:

Parents of children younger than 7 years of age with cleft lip and/or palate.

Results:

From 14 interviews, 4 themes were identified. The diagnosis theme was associated with reactions, timing, and search for information. Key concerns within the theme of physiology and function were around feeding and speech. The health care experience theme included burden of care, peripheral hospitals and services, the cleft lip and palate clinic, and clinicians. The psychosocial theme included parents’ reactions to their child’s pain, coping strategies, family interactions, and school/day care experiences. Parents felt care could be improved by having: access to good information and community speech therapists, shorter appointment wait times, a peer support network, and increased cleft knowledge within their child’s school and peer groups.

Conclusions:

The experience of parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate is complex but can be organized into 4 themes. Clinics may consider suggestions offered by parents to improve care. Future work should address parents’ needs and aim to create a parent-reported quality-of-life measure specific to parents of young children with cleft lip and/or palate.