bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The regulation of methylation on the Z chromosome and the identification of multiple novel Male Hyper-Methylated regions in the chicken
Authors: Höglund A. , Henriksen R. , Churcher A.M. , Guerrero-Bosagna C.G. , Martinez-Barrio A. , Johnsson M. , Jensen P. , Wright D.
Published: March 2023

DNA methylation is a key regulator of eukaryote genomes, and is of particular relevance in the regulation of gene expression on the sex chromosomes, with a key role in dosage compensation in mammalian XY systems. In the case of birds, dosage compensation is largely absent, with it being restricted to two small Male Hyper-Methylated (MHM) regions on the Z chromosome. To investigate how variation in DNA methylation is regulated on the Z chromosome we utilised a wild x domestic advanced intercross in the chicken, with both hypothalamic methylomes and transcriptomes assayed in 124 individuals. The relatively large numbers of individuals allowed us to identify additional genomic MHM regions on the Z chromosome that were significantly differentially methylated between the sexes. These regions appear to down-regulate local gene expression in males, but not remove it entirely (unlike the lncRNAs identified in the initial MHM regions). In addition, trans effect hotspots were also identified that were based on the autosomes but affected the Z, and also that were based on the Z chromosome but that affected autosomal DNA methylation regulation. In addition, quantitative trait loci (QTL) that regulate variation in methylation on the Z chromosome, and those loci that regulate methylation on the autosomes that derive from the Z chromosome were mapped. Trans-effect hotspots were also identified that were based on the autosomes but affected the Z, and also one that was based on the Z chromosome but that affected both autosomal and sex chromosome DNA methylation regulation. Our results highlight how additional MHM regions are actually present on the Z chromosome, and they appear to have smaller-scale effects on gene expression in males. Quantitative variation in methylation is also regulated both from the autosomes to the Z chromosome, and from the Z chromosome to the autosomes.
Dynamic remodelling of cadherin contacts in embryonic mesenchymal cells during differential cell migration
Authors: Rozema David , Lasko Paul , Fagotto François
Published: March 2023

A fundamental aspect of morphogenesis is the capacity of cells to actively exchange neighbours while maintaining the overall cohesion of the tissue. These cell rearrangements require the dynamic remodelling of cadherin cell adhesions. Many studies have examined this process in tissues where it is driven by the joint action of cell protrusions and actomyosin contraction along the shrinking junction. However, cell rearrangements can also occur through differential migration. This mode of cell rearrangement, characteristic of mesenchymal tissues, is much less well understood. Here, we explore the prototypical case of the gastrulating Xenopus prechordal mesoderm, and provide the first detailed analysis at how cadherin contacts are remodelled and eventually disrupted in this type of tissue. Using a reductionist approach, including analysis of single contacts using a dual pipette aspiration setup, we unveil two concurrent mechanisms. Most cadherins are removed via “peeling”, i.e. disruption of the trans bonds and lateral diffusion out of the contact. In parallel, a remnant of cadherins concentrates at the shrinking contact, which is ultimately resolved by breakage of the link with the actin cytoskeleton, showing that the weakest link shifts at different stages of contact remodelling. Additionally, we observe recruitment of myosin peripheral to the shrinking contact, which influences the efficiency of the final detachment. Finally, manipulation of cortical tension indicates that the process is sensitive to the magnitude and orientation of the forces applied on the contact, revealing another key relationship between cell-cell adhesion and the cortical cytoskeleton. This study unravels a new modality of cell contact dynamics, which is likely to be widely relevant for highly migratory mesenchymal tissues.
Converging PMF calculations of antibiotic permeation across an outer membrane porin with sub-kilocalorie per mole accuracy
Authors: Lapierre Jeremy , Hub Jochen S.
Published: March 2023

The emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens led to a critical need for new antibiotics. A key property of effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria is their ability to permeate through the bacterial outer membrane via transmembrane porin proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are in principle capable of modeling antibiotic permeation across outer membrane porins (OMPs). However, owing to sampling problems, it has remained challenging to obtain converged potentials of mean force (PMFs) for antibiotic permeation across OMPs. Here, we investigated the convergence of PMFs obtained with three advanced flavors of the umbrella sampling (US) technique aimed to quantify the permeation of the antibiotic fosmidomycin across the OprO porin: (i) Hamiltonian replica-exchange with solute tempering in combination with US, (ii) simulated tempering-enhanced US, and (iii) replica-exchange US. To quantify the PMF convergence and to reveal hysteresis problems, we computed several independent sets of US simulations started from pulling simulations in outward and inward permeation directions. We find that replica-exchange US in combination with well-chosen restraints is highly successful for obtaining converged PMFs of fosmidomycin permeation through OprO, reaching PMFs converged to sub-kilocalorie per mole accuracy.

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Huntingtin Interacting Protein-1 expression is regulated via HIF2 axis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Prasad Peeyush , Chongtham Jonita , Tripathi Satyendra Chandra , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Mittal Shivani Arora , Srivastava Tapasya
Published: March 2023

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients are diagnosed late when the disease has metastasized.Krasis a prevalent mutation in NSCLC besides EGFR and TP53 and targeted therapies against this have been challenging. We have explored deregulation of an endocytic adapter protein, Huntingtin Interacting Protein-1(HIP1) and its relevance in aKrasmutant lung adenocarcinoma cell line as a model system. HIP1 RNA expression is observed to be significantly reduced in high-grade and metastatic lung cancer patients as compared to low-grade tumours and this correlates with poor survival. HIP1 depletion followed by global proteome profiling in A549 cells identified metabolic pathways to be majorly upregulated, followed by RNA transport and surveillance, amongst others. HIP1 depletion also significantly increased anchorage independent growth and invasion of these cells. However, the EMT markers did not follow the canonical regulation. We observed E-Cadherin and Vimentin induction, which is suggestive of collective migration. Additionally, we observed a hypoxic microenvironment to induce HIP1 expression, mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF2), suggesting that a HIF2-HIP1 axis can cause tumour suppression and needs further exploration.
Proteostasis and lysosomal repair deficits in transdifferentiated neurons of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chou Ching-Chieh , Vest Ryan , Prado Miguel A. , Wilson-Grady Joshua , Paulo Joao A. , Shibuya Yohei , Moran-Losada Patricia , Lee Ting-Ting , Luo Jian , Gygi Steven P. , Kelly Jeffery W. , Finley Daniel , Wernig Marius , Wyss-Coray Tony , Frydman Judith
Published: March 2023

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the cellular mechanisms linking neuronal proteostasis decline to the characteristic aberrant protein deposits in AD brains remain elusive. Here, we develop transdifferentiated neurons (tNeurons) from human dermal fibroblasts as a neuronal model that retains aging hallmarks and exhibits AD-linked vulnerabilities. Remarkably, AD tNeurons accumulate proteotoxic deposits, including phospho-Tau and Aβ, resembling those in AD patient and APP mouse brains. Quantitative tNeuron proteomics identify aging and AD-linked deficits in proteostasis and organelle homeostasis, most notably in endosome-lysosomal components. Lysosomal deficits in aged tNeurons, including constitutive lysosomal damage and ESCRT-mediated lysosomal repair defects, are exacerbated in AD tNeurons and linked to inflammatory cytokine secretion and cell death. Supporting lysosomal deficits’ centrality in AD, compounds ameliorating lysosomal function reduce Aβ deposits and cytokine secretion. Thus, the tNeuron model system reveals impaired lysosomal homeostasis as an early event of aging and AD.
A mixed phosphine sulfide/selenide structure as an instructional example for how to evaluate the quality of a model
Authors: Parkin Sean , Cunningham Jeremy , Rawls Brian , Bender John E. , Staples Richard J. , Biros Shannon M.
Published: March 2023

This paper compares variations on a structure model derived from an X-ray diffraction data set from a solid solution of chalcogenide derivatives of cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethylene, namely, 1,2-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(diphenylphoshpine sulfide/selenide), C26H22P2S1.13Se0.87. A sequence of processes are presented to ascertain the composition of the crystal, along with strategies for which aspects of the model to inspect to ensure a chemically and crystallographically realistic structure. Criteria include mis-matches between F
obs
2 and F
calc
2, plots of |F
obs| vs |F
calc|, residual electron density, checkCIF alerts, pitfalls of the OMIT command used to suppress ill-fitting data, comparative size of displacement ellipsoids, and critical inspection of interatomic distances. Since the structure is quite small, solves easily, and presents a number of readily expressible refinement concepts, we feel that it would make a straightforward and concise instructional piece for students learning how to determine if their model provides the best fit for the data and show students how to critically assess their structures.
COVID-19 impact on tourism inflow in selected Asia-Pacific countries: a gravity model framework
Authors: Goswami Gour Gobinda , Sarwar Md. Rubaiyath , Rahman Md. Mahbubur
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flows of eight Asia-Pacific Countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

Using monthly data from 2019M1 to 2021M10 and 48 origin and eight destination countries in a panel Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique and gravity equation framework, this paper finds that after controlling for gravity determinants, COVID-19 periods have a 0.689% lower tourism inflow than in non-COVID-19 periods. The total observations in this paper are 12,138.

Findings

A 1% increase in COVID-19 transmission in the origin country leads to a 0.037% decline in tourism flow in the destination country, while the reduction is just 0.011% from the destination. On the mortality side, the corresponding decline in tourism flows from origin countries is 0.030%, whereas it is 0.038% from destination countries. A 1% increase in vaccine intensity in the destination country leads to a 0.10% improvement in tourism flows, whereas vaccinations at the source have no statistically significant effect. The results are also robust at a 1% level in a pooled OLS and random-effects specification for the same model.

Research limitations/implications

The findings provide insights into managing tourism flows concerning transmission, death and vaccination coverage in destination and origin countries.

Practical implications

The COVID-19-induced tourism decline may also be considered another channel through which the global recession has been aggravated. If we convert this decline in terms of loss of GDP, the global figure will be huge, and airline industries will have to cut down many service products for a long time to recover from the COVID-19-induced tourism decline.

Social implications

It is to be realized by the policymaker and politicians that infectious diseases have no national boundary, and the problem is not local or national. That’s why it is to be faced globally with cooperation from all the countries.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to address tourism disruption due to COVID-19 in eight Asia-Pacific countries using a gravity model framework.

Highlights

Asia-Pacific countries are traditionally globalized through tourism channels

This pattern was severely affected by COVID-19 transmission and mortality and improved through vaccination

The gravity model can be used to quantify the loss in the tourism sector due to COVID-19 shocks

Transmission and mortality should be controlled both at the origin and the destination countries

Vaccinations in destination countries significantly raise tourism flows
School and district structure adaptations to the COVID-19 super-stressor
Authors: Brazer S. David , Bauer Scott C. , Lavigne Alyson L.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework that explains structural responses to external organizational shocks. The authors illustrate framework dynamics with one district's secondary schools' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual framework imagines structure as emergent, dynamic and responsive to external pressures, as the authors posited in an earlier publication. From an open systems perspective, the authors focus on restructuring for more effective sensemaking and bridging and buffering.

Findings

The framework in this paper shows promise for its descriptive power. Interview participants' recollections of their responses to COVID-19 revealed an emergent structure and displayed evidence of crisis management, sensemaking and bridging and buffering.

Research limitations/implications

The intent of this article, consistent with the special issue, is to propose a set of concepts that, together, shed new light on how researchers and leaders might think about structural adaptations to external influences. The conceptual framework shows promise, but has yet to be put to the test with systematic empirical research.

Practical implications

The conceptual framework the authors develop here may serve to guide empirical research that expands knowledge of how school and district structures adapt to external influences. Viewing structure as supportive of adaptation to changing circumstances also informs preparation for and practice of education leadership.

Originality/value

Capturing school and district leaders' recollections shortly after their schools' return to in-person learning is rare in the literature, and examining their reactions from an open systems perspective sheds new light on leadership under stress.
Impact of service innovation and digital supply chain capability on risk protection in supporting online foods delivery
Authors: Teng Sing Lay , Zailani Suhaiza , Rahman Muhammad Khalilur , Bhuiyan Miraj Ahmed , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study has aimed to investigate the impact of service innovation capabilities (SIC), supply chain digitalization capabilities (SDC) and customer risk protection (CRP) capabilities of GrabFood on customer satisfaction. GrabFood has been chosen as a case study because GrabPay is one of the Malaysian government's digital wallet partners, and GrabFood is one of the region's leading Online Food Delivery Service (OFDS) providers.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 410 valid responses have been gathered from the GrabFood users for data analysis using the partial least square technique.

Findings

The findings reveal that SIC, SDC and CRP of GrabFood have a highly significant influence on customer satisfaction. CRP has been found to partially mediate the relationship between SIC and customer satisfaction and the relationship between SDC and customer satisfaction.

Originality/value

OFDS providers need to consider how to minimize the potential risk to be encountered by customers in delivering services that satisfy the customers. OFDS providers must identify the gap between their capabilities and customer perception and continuously improve their service quality to mitigate the gap.
Examining the mediating effect of multi-channel integration quality in the relationship with service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the Saudi banking sector
Authors: Alzaydi Zyad
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Since banks do not sell tangible products, they rely heavily on customer interactions and retention, which requires service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Banks must innovate and develop new services and expand customer engagement efforts beyond stores, kiosks, direct mail and websites to include social media, mobile applications and location-based services in order to meet their customers’ growing demands. A multi-channel strategy that integrates the offline and online presences of banks can increase quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. This paper aimed to use a service quality scale to: (1) examine the association between service quality and customer satisfaction; (2) examine the association between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; (3) examine the indirect association between service quality and customer loyalty through customer satisfaction; and (4) examine the mediation effect of multi-channel integration quality in the relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was obtained from banks in Saudi Arabia. The analysis was based on an online survey of 265 Saudi bank customers. The multi-channel integration quality model and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to test the proposed hypothesis and conduct the analysis.

Findings

The results found that there was a statistically significant link between service quality and customer satisfaction in the Saudi banking industry. Service quality did not directly affect customer loyalty. When multi-channel integration quality was moderate to high, service quality affected customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. For service quality and customer loyalty in the Saudi banking sector to be achieved, customers must be satisfied, but also the bank’s brand must manage the quality of integration channels provided to them with care, and thus branding plays a key role in achieving customer loyalty in the Saudi banking sector.

Originality/value

The academic community has provided little evidence to support how the relationships between constructs such as service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and multi-channel integration quality apply to the Saudi banking sector. A conceptual framework was proposed to show how these constructs affect the Saudi banking sector. An empirical study was conducted to see how the framework held up in banking settings. The conceptual framework serves to advance the fields of business and management and banking and their respected literature, as well as advance the understanding of multi-channel integration in boosting customer satisfaction and loyalty through high service quality in the Saudi banking sector.
Dissecting HR's role in disaster preparedness and response: a phenomenological approach
Authors: Teng-Calleja Mendiola , Presbitero Alfred , de Guzman Mira Michelle
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of human resources (HR) leaders in disaster preparedness and response efforts of organizations. The study used Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory as anchor and was conducted in the Philippines – a country that regularly experiences disruptions due to disasters.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized a phenomenological approach in gathering and analyzing data from semi-structured interviews with 16 HR leaders. They hold either an executive or managerial position and belong to organizations situated in areas that have experienced disasters within the past two years. The areas are likewise prone to further experience of disasters such as flooding, earthquake and volcanic eruption as identified by international disaster watch organizations.

Findings

Results surfaced three superordinate themes that reflect the role of HR in disaster situations – (1) contributor to the business continuity plan formulation and implementation; (2) in-charge of building a disaster-resilient culture; and (3) primary unit that takes care of employee wellbeing and welfare during and post-disaster.

Practical implications

The study identified factors that can help HR in fulfilling its role of surfacing and addressing employee needs amidst disasters.

Originality/value

The study expands literature on strategic human resource management by describing the positioning of HR in disaster preparedness and response efforts of organizations and illustrates how HR puts focus on the human side of organizational crises management.
Policy preferences of experts seeking to raise and stabilise farm incomes in the Eastern Gangetic Plains
Authors: Cooper Bethany , Crase Lin , Burton Michael , Rigby Dan , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Kishore Avinash
Published: March 2023

Poverty is endemic in the highly populated Eastern Gangetic Plains where agriculture is critical to more than half the population. However, the mechanisms to support agriculture for development are contested. For example, some have advocated a strong role for government support and assistance due to market weaknesses, while others have promoted the need for more market‐oriented approaches. We use an elicitation process focussed on expert policymaking communities, employing stated preference techniques to explore these options. Differences in perceptions about the effectiveness of policies and their delivery are reported between countries, while also empirically examining the influence of the respondents' organisational background. The results show support for policies that improve farmers' access to inputs, especially when delivered by private sector actors. The research provides an important contribution to the literature on policies for agricultural development.
Review of the applications of metabolomics approaches in dairy science: From factory to human
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Yuanrong , Liu Zhenmin , Su Miya , Cao Wenfan , Zhang Huanchang
Published: March 2023

Dairy products are nutritious and are increasingly consumed as an important dietary component in China. Exploring the factors that affect the nutritional quality of dairy products and ensuring their safety have become the main focus of dairy research. The composition of metabolites in dairy products is large and complex. The levels and types of metabolites vary according to various factors in the process from factory to human dining table. Therefore, metabolites might be used to assess the nutritional value, traceability and authenticity, and physiological function of dairy products. This review's main goal is to introduce the most recent developments and applications of metabolomics as an efficient tool for comprehensively characterising the composition and dynamic changes of metabolites in the area of food science and nutrition research in the process of getting dairy products from factory to human. The examples are taken from the most relevant metabolomics work published from 2018 to 2022, focusing on potential marker metabolites and metabolic mechanisms related to dairy product quality, authenticity/traceability and dairy intake monitoring. The future direction of metabolomics in the field of dairy science was also discussed. This information will provide a reference for the further application of metabolomics technology to Chinese dairy products to develop their quality, safety and nutritional value.
Perinatal antecedents of moderate and severe neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: An Australian birth cohort study
Authors: Stoke Rosie , Schreiber Veronika , Hocking Kaycee , Jardine Luke , Kumar Sailesh
Published: March 2023

Background

Neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause of encephalopathy in the neonatal period and carries a high risk of mortality and long‐term morbidity.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate key antecedents of moderate and severe HIE in a large contemporary birth cohort.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of births meeting criteria was conducted between 2016 and 2020 at the Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. This is a quaternary perinatal centre and Australia's largest maternity hospital. Univariate and multivariate Firth logistic regression were used to account for imbalanced frequency classes between non‐HIE and HIE groups. Maternal variables and intrapartum factors were investigated for associations with neonatal moderate and severe HIE.

Results

Overall, 133 of 46 041 (0.29%) infants were diagnosed with HIE: 77 (0.17%) with mild HIE and 56 (0.12%) with moderate/severe HIE. Nulliparity, type 1 diabetes mellitus and maternal intensive care unit admission were associated with increased odds of moderate/severe HIE. Intrapartum risk factors included emergency caesarean birth, emergency caesarean for non‐reassuring fetal status or failure to process, intrapartum haemorrhage and an intrapartum sentinel event (shoulder dystocia, cord prolapse, uterine rupture and placental abruption). Neonatal risk factors included male sex, late preterm gestation (35+0–36+6 weeks), Apgar score less than four at 5 min, severe respiratory distress requiring ventilatory support and severe acidosis at birth.

Conclusions

This cohort study identified a series of potentially modifiable maternal and obstetric risk factors for HIE. Risk factors for HIE do not appear to have changed significantly with evolution in modern obstetric care.
Changing times in public health: The new wave of self‐collection of invasive samples
Authors: Komesaroff Paul A.
Published: March 2023

Testing in public health programs has long been recognised as beneficial but has often been experienced by community members as intrusive and paternalistic. Cervical screening has been seen as even more threatening by women who have experienced sexual violence or come from culturally and linguistically diverse communities. A simple and natural solution to these formidable barriers, increasingly recognised in recent years, has been presented by the advent of self‐testing. This article recounts the struggle to encourage medical practitioners to accept patient self‐testing. It emphasises the importance of scrutinising our own personal prejudices, listening to the community, and being open to novel strategies that ensure inclusiveness and respect for those whose interests we are seeking to serve.
Rescaling hospitality
Authors: Al‐Khalili Charlotte
Published: March 2023

As demonstrated in an ethnographic description of displaced Syrians living in Gaziantep, Turkey, hospitality fails when it is captured by a state that transforms ethical‐religious duties into legal obligations. Indeed, Syrian “guests” cannot reciprocate state hospitality because they do not belong to the same scale; moreover, they refuse their guest status, claiming to be refugees and thus subjects of law rather than favor. This scalar confusion also puts Turkish locals in a delicate position, since hospitality's very purpose is defeated by the rescaling of duty‐based hospitality and the state's injunction that locals play host to displaced Syrians. The rescaling of hospitality and the confusion of its moral, religious, and legal registers thus alienate local hosts and guests, creating hostility, as hosts and guests characterize each other as “bad.” Eventually, hospitality's dead ends lead Syrians to aspire to become refugees, to imagine new migratory horizons, and to follow novel routes to living with dignity.
Higher risk of intraoperative bleeding in right‐sided renal tumors compared to left‐sided tumors in robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Tachibana Hidekazu , Kobari Yuki , Fukuda Hironori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Iizuka Junpei , Kondo Tsunenori , Takagi Toshio
Published: March 2023

Objective

To compare intraoperative blood loss in robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) between the right and left sides.

Methods

The data of patients who underwent RAPN at a single institution between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Using propensity score matching, we compared estimated blood loss (EBL) between right‐ and left‐sided tumors.

Results

This study included 1006 patients who underwent transperitoneal RAPN (N = 726) and retroperitoneal RAPN (N = 280). Through matching, 303 patients were selected for each group. The mean tumor size was 3.1 ± 1.4 cm. The RENAL score was 4–6 in 270 (44.5%), 7–9 in 263 (43.3%), and 10–11 in 73 (12.0%) cases. The EBL on the right side was significantly higher than on the left side (102 vs 70 mL, P = .02). The most experienced surgeon showed significant differences in EBL (116 vs 73 mL, P = .024) and blood transfusion rate (2.5 vs 0%, P = 0.025) between the right and left sides. In the retroperitoneal RAPN, 104 patients were selected in each group through matching. The EBL was significantly higher on the right side than on the left side (50 vs 24 mL, P = 0.02). Operative time was longer on the right side than on the left side (120 vs 109 min, P = .05).

Conclusion

Right‐sided tumors had a significantly larger EBL than left‐sided tumors in RAPN. The difference was evident in the most experienced surgeon who performed RAPN for larger and complicated cases. This information may help surgeons decide whether to clamp the renal artery and vein during tumor resection in large and complicated right‐sided tumors.
Improving robustness of industrial object detection by automatic generation of synthetic images from CAD models
Authors: Sampaio Igor Garcia Ballhausen , Viterbo José , Guerin Joris
Published: March 2023

Object detection (OD) is used for visual quality control in factories. Images that compose training datasets are often collected directly from the production line and labeled with bounding boxes manually. Such data represent well the inference context but might lack diversity, implying a risk of overfitting. To address this issue, we propose a dataset construction method based on an automated pipeline, which receives a CAD model of an object and returns a set of realistic synthetic labeled images (code publicly available). Our approach can be easily used by non‐expert users and is relevant for industrial applications, where CAD models are widely available. We performed experiments to compare the use of datasets obtained by the two different ways—collecting and labeling real images or applying the proposed automated pipeline—in the classification of five different industrial parts. To ensure that both approaches can be used without deep learning expertise, all training parameters were kept fixed during these experiments. In our results, both methods were successful for some objects but failed for others. However, we have shown that the combined use of real and synthetic images led to better results. This finding has the potential to make industrial OD models more robust to poor data collection and labeling errors, without increasing the difficulty of the training process.
A randomized Phase I study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BI 456906, a dual glucagon receptor/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, in healthy Japanese men with overweight/obesity
Authors: Yazawa Rie , Ishida Masahiro , Balavarca Yesilda , Hennige Anita M.
Published: March 2023

Aim

To report a Phase I study of subcutaneous glucagon receptor (GCGR)/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) dual agonist BI 456906 versus placebo in healthy Japanese men with overweight/obesity.

Materials and methods

We investigated multiple rising doses of BI 456906 escalated over 16 weeks (maximum doses: 1.8 mg once weekly [dose group {DG} 1], 4.8 mg once weekly [DG 2] and 2.4 mg twice weekly [DG 3]) in Japanese men with a body mass index of 23 to 40 kg/m2.

Results

Thirty‐six participants were treated (n = 9 per DG and placebo). Overall, 10 participants (37.0%) treated with BI 456906 withdrew from dose escalation due to adverse events (amylase increase, n = 1; decreased appetite, n = 9), and the proportion of participants was higher in DG 2 (n = 6, 66.7%) versus DGs 1 and 3 (both n = 2, 22.2%). No participants receiving placebo withdrew from dose escalation. BI 456906 exposure increased with dose and dose escalation in each DG. Treatment with BI 456906 decreased placebo‐corrected bodyweight after 16 weeks (placebo +1.06%): DG 1, −5.57%; DG 2, −12.37%; DG 3, −9.62%. Paracetamol absorption decreased in Week 1 for DGs 2 and 3, indicating transient delayed gastric emptying. BI 456906 reduced plasma alanine and glucagon levels, indicating indirect target engagement at GCGRs and GLP‐1Rs. Drug‐related adverse events were reported for all participants receiving BI 456906 and four receiving placebo, the most frequent being decreased appetite (n = 24, 66.7%).

Conclusions

BI 456906 showed no unexpected tolerability concerns and it reduced placebo‐corrected bodyweight by up to 12.37% in Japanese men with overweight/obesity after 16 weeks of treatment.
Impact of modified teaching strategies used in a gross anatomy course on the academic performance of dental students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liao Meng‐Lin , Yeh Chi‐Chuan , Lue June‐Horng , Lai I‐Rue , Chang Ming‐Fong
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Modified teaching strategies (MTS), asynchronous online teaching and smaller dissection groups, were applied to a gross anatomy course for dental students in the National Taiwan University in April 2020 in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the effects and perceptions of MTS on dental students.

Materials and Methods

Scores for anatomy examinations for 2018–2019 (without MTS) and 2019–2020 (with MTS) cohorts were compared to explore the effect on academic performance. Moreover, questionnaire from the 2019–2020 cohort was analysed to determine dental students' perceptions about MTS.

Results

The lecture performance in the final examination of the second semester for the 2019–2020 cohort was significantly higher than that of the first semester (pre‐COVID‐19) and that for the 2018–2019 cohort. However, the laboratory performance in the midterm examination of the second semester for the 2019–2020 cohort was significantly lower than that for the 2018–2019 cohort and showed no difference in the final examination of the first semester. The questionnaires revealed that the majority of students displayed positive attitudes towards MTS and agreed with the importance of peer discussion during laboratory dissection.

Conclusions

Asynchronous online learning for anatomy lecture may be beneficial for dental students; however, a smaller dissection group accompanied by reduced peer discussion may temporarily exert negative effects on their laboratory performance at the beginning of the application. Furthermore, more dental students exhibited positive perceptions towards smaller dissection groups. These findings could illuminate the learning condition of dental students in anatomy education.
High density of FOXP3 predicts better prognosis in germinal and non‐germinal centre diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa M. , Abdel‐Hakeem Sally S. , Amine Maged A. F. , Yassin Etemad H. , Badary Fatma A. M.
Published: March 2023

This study highlights the prognostic impact of FOXP3 and CD68 expression in DLBCL, NOS and in its GCB and non‐GCB subtypes. This may help the development of individualized therapy, prognostic prediction and therapy stratification.
CCL17/TARC in autoimmunity and inflammation—not just a T‐cell chemokine
Authors: Lupancu Tanya J , Eivazitork Mahtab , Hamilton John A , Achuthan Adrian A , Lee Kevin M‐C
Published: March 2023

Chemokine (C–C) ligand 17 (CCL17) was first identified as thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine when it was found to be constitutively expressed in the thymus and identified as a T‐cell chemokine. This chemoattractant molecule has subsequently been found at elevated levels in a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. CCL17 is a C–C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) ligand, with chemokine (C–C) ligand 22 being the other major ligand and, as CCR4 is highly expressed on helper T cells, CCL17 can play a role in T‐cell–driven diseases, usually considered to be via its chemotactic activity on T helper 2 cells; however, given that CCR4 is also expressed by other cell types and there is elevated expression of CCL17 in many diseases, a broader CCL17 biology is suggested. In this review, we summarize the biology of CCL17, its regulation and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of various preclinical models. Reference is made, for example, to recent literature indicating a role for CCL17 in the control of pain as part of a granulocyte macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor/CCL17 pathway in lymphocyte‐independent models and thus not as a T‐cell chemokine. The review also discusses the potential for CCL17 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in human disorders.
Über die Gattungen Piloderma gen. nov. und Subulicystidium Parm
Authors: Jülich Walter
Published: March 2023

Aus der Gattung Athelia (Corticiaceae, Aphyllophorales) wird die Section Byssina auf Grund des filzigen Fruchtkörpers und der etwas dickwandigen Sporen in die Gattung Piloderma gen. nov. gebracht. Die vier Arten, darunter eine spec. nov., werden geschlüsselt, beschrieben und abgebildet.

In die bislang monotypische Gattung Subulicystidium Parm. mit der einzigen Art S. longisporum (Pat.) Parm. (= Peniophora longispora Pat.) gehört auch die neuseeländische Art S. nikau (G. H. Cunn.) comb. nov. Die sehr natürliche Gattung ist neben den charakteristischen Cystiden ausgezeichnet durch Repetobasidien.
Zum Nachweis einer Bewegungssubstanz bei Diatomeen mit Cresylechtviolett
Authors: Fischer Hermann , Turck Karen
Published: March 2023

Es wurde versucht, den von Jarosch mitgeteilten Nachweis einer extrazellularen Substanz an beweglichen Diatomeen zu reproduzieren. Trotz breit angelegten Versuchen gelang dies nicht.

Die Frage nach dem Vorkommen einer Bewegungssubstanz wird auf Grund der neueren Literatur diskutiert.
Untersuchungen zur Sporodermentwicklung bei Corsinia coriandrina (Sprengel) Lindb.
Authors: Wiermann R. , Weinert H.
Published: March 2023

Die Sporodermentwicklung bei Corsinia coriandrina (Sprengel) Lindb. wurde licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopisch analysiert.

Innerhalb der Spezialmutterzellwand beginnt der Aufbau des Sporoderms durch Bildung einer Wandschicht, die mit dem Endospor identisch sein dürfte. Die eigentliche Differenzierung der Sporenwandung erfolgt erst nach dem Tetradenzerfall, indem zunächst unmittelbar auf die als Intine (Endospor) bezeichnete Wandschicht eine dünne, stark kontrastierte Lamelle (innere Exine, inneres Exospor) aufgelagert wird. Gleichzeitig erscheint außerhalb derselben eine elektronenmikroskopisch kaum nachweisbare, wahrscheinlich aus Pektin bestehende Schicht, in der die für die Spore spezifischen Skulpturen schon vorgebildet sind. Im Verlauf der weiteren Entwicklung erscheinen in dieser Grundsubstanz ungeordnete Stränge von elektronenadsorbierenden rundlichen oder länglichen Körperchen, die sehr wahrscheinlich von der Spore abgegeben werden und sich zu einem dreidimensionalen Netzwerk anordnen (äußeres Exospor).

Diese Befunde werden mit den Resultaten anderer Untersuchungen verglichen und diskutiert.
Zytotaxonomische Studien an Valerianaceen I.1
Authors: Seitz Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Chromosomenzahlstudien an Vertretern der Familie der Valerianaceen erhärten für Patrinia (Tribus Patrinieae) die Basiszahl × = 11. Für die bislang ebenfalls zum Tribus Patrinieae gerechnete Gattung Nardostachys wurde mit × = 13 eine neue Basiszahl für Valerianaceae gefunden. Damit wird für die ursprünglichste Gattung der Familie die höchste Basischromosomenzahl festgestellt (Valeriana s.lat. × = [6?], 7, 8; Valerianella × = 7, 8, 9). Die Gattung Nardostachys scheint nach den zytologischen Befunden wie auch den morphologischen Unterschieden mit Patrinia nicht näher verwandt zu sein und sollte als eigene Gruppe abgegliedert werden
Die wissenschaftstheoretische Stellung der Typologie
Authors: Froebe Hans A.
Published: March 2023

Die Typologie muß als eine mit typifikatorischen Begriffsformen ordnende, durchschauende und in gewissen Grenzen auch voraussagende Wissenschaft verstanden werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß sie in sich gut begründet ist und daß die Wissenschaftskriterien wie auch die Vorgänge, die zur Gewinnung gesicherter Erkenntnisse führen, prinzipiell dieselben sind wie in jeder anderen Wissenschaft auch. Die in der Vergleichenden Morphologie verwendeten Typusvorstellungen werden als Modell Vorstellungen erkannt. Der Begriff “Idealistische Morphologie” wird als unsinnig und irreführend abgelehnt
Der Einfluß von Phosphat‐ und Nitratmangel auf die Synthese der Phospho‐ und Glykolipide bei Impatiens balsamina
Authors: Tevini M.
Published: March 2023

Phosphatmangel wirkt sich besonders stark auf den Phospholipidgehalt von Impatiens‐Pflanzen aus. Je nach Bezug auf Frischgewicht, Trockengewicht, Chlorophyllgehalt oder Blattfläche liegt der Phospholipidgehalt bei P‐Mangel zwischen 20 bis 50% des Gehaltes im Vergleich zu vollernährten Pflanzen. Von den einzelnen Phospholipiden werden GPC, GPG und GPE am stärksten, GPI am wenigsten in der Höhe ihres Gehaltes beeinflußt. Die Bildung der Chlorophylle und Galaktolipide wird unter P‐Mangel nur wenig oder gar nicht gehemmt. Auch in isolierten Chloroplasten aus P‐Mangel‐Pflanzen, in denen die Phospholipide GPG, GPC und GPI und möglicherweise GPE vorhanden sind, bestätigen sich die bereits im Blatt gefundenen Tendenzen. So bleiben auch die funktionellen Relationen der Pigmente und lipophilen Plastidenchinone nahezu erhalten. Dieses spricht dafür, daß durch P‐Mangel die Thylakoiddifferenzierung nicht wesentlich behindert wird, und daß die Phospholipide offenbar bei der Formation der Thylakoide keine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Die Möglichkeit, daß die im P‐Mangel offensichtlich im Überschuß vorhandenen Galaktolipide in Plastoglobuli gespeichert werden, wird diskutiert

Nitratmangel wirkt sich im Gegensatz zum Phosphatmangel besonders stark auf die Synthese der Chlorophylle und Glykolipide aus. Bei Bezug auf Frischgewicht und Blattfläche liegt der Chlorophyllgehalt bei rund 25%, der Galaktolipidgehalt bei rund 50% des Gehaltes von voll mit Nitrat versorgten Pflanzen. Der Gesamtphospholipidgehalt wird dagegen um 35 bis 40% beeinträchtigt. Von den Glykolipiden ist Monogalaktosyldiglycerid, von den Phospholipiden GPC und GPE durch N‐Mangel am stärksten in der Höhe ihres

Gehaltes beeinflußt. Die Synthese des Sulfolipids und der Phospholipide GPI und GPS wird offenbar durch Nitratmangel gefördert. Von den ausschließlich in Plastiden lokalisierten photosynthetischen Pigmenten und Lipochinonen werden β‐Carotin sowie Plastohydrochinon und α‐Tocopherol in ihrem Gehalt am wenigsten beeinträchtigt, so daß sich die funktionellen Relationen normal ausgebildeter Chloroplasten unter N‐Mangel erheblich verändern. β‐Carotin und die reduzierten Lipochinone PQṁH2 und α‐Tocopherol liegen im N‐Mangelchloroplasten offenbar infolge gestörter Thylakoidformation im Überschuß vor und werden in den Plastoglobuli des Stroma abgelagert

Frau Gertrud Willmann danke ich für zuverlässige technische Mitarbeit, der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für die Bereitstellung von Sachmittelnz
Kinetik des Aufbaus einer Proteinmembran. Untersuchungen an Gasvakuolen der blaugrünen Alge Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Lehmann Heiner
Published: March 2023

In wachsenden Kulturen der blaugrünen Alge Microcystis aeruginosa nimmt die Anzahl der Gasvakuolen pro Zelle ab und erreicht bei einer Zellzahl von 1,2 × 107 pro ml eine Zahl von 4,5 × 103 Vakuolen pro Zelle. Die Gasvakuolen können in den Zellen durch Ultraschall zerstört werden, danach regenerieren sie. In beschallten Kulturen wurde die Zeitabhängigkeit der Gasvakuolenbildung untersucht, indem die Anzahl und die Größe der neugebildeten Vakuolen bestimmt wurde. Innerhalb der ersten halben Stunde nach Ultraschallbehandlung werden 120 Gasvakuolen pro Zelle gebildet, nach 24 Stunden enthält jede Zelle durchschnittlich 2300 Vakuolen. Die Größe der Gasvakuolen nimmt ebenfalls mit der Zeit zu. In der ersten halben Stunde erreichen die bis dahin isodiametrischen Vakuolen eine Größe von 70 nm, dann wachsen sie nur noch in die Länge und haben 24 Stunden nach Ultraschallbehandlung eine durchschnittliche Länge von 286 nm. Rifampin und Chloramphenicol bewirken eine teilweise Hemmung der Gasvakuolenbildung. DCMU und Hydroxylamin blockieren die Vakuolenbildung völlig. Auch im Dunkeln werden keine Gasvakuolen gebildet
Biomasse und Dominanzgesellschaften in einem Hochmoor
Authors: Ullmann Heinrich
Published: March 2023

Die Gesamtbiomasse und die Artmassenanteile einer Phytozönose sind von großer Bedeutung für deren Synökologie

An einem Hochmoor in den österreichischen Alpen wurde auf eingeschränkt‐zufallsverteilten und auf subjektiv ausgewählten Probeflächen die Deckung der Arten bestimmt. Durch empirisch ermittelte Umrechnungswerte konnten die Deckungswerte in Trockenmassenanteile umgewandelt werden. Nach Berechnung der Trockenmasseprozentwerte (Artmassenprozente) wurden alle in dieser Weise transformierten soziologischen Aufnahmen mit gleicher dominanter Art zu einer Dominanzgesellschaft nach de Vries (Dominanztyp nach Whittaker) zusammengefaßt

Die Dominanzgesellschaften des Rotmooses konnten im folgenden aufgrund einfacher Ähnlichkeitszahlen zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Nach Gruppierung der Ähnlichkeitszahlen in 7 Klassen wurde ein dreidimensionales Diagramm in Form eines Kreises entworfen. Dadurch konnten die vielseitigen Ähnlichkeitsbeziehungen der Dominanzgesellschaften zueinander dargestellt werden

Besonderes Gewicht wurde auf die Berücksichtigung des Lebensformenspektrums und der speziellen Produktionsbiologie beim Vergleich verschiedenartiger Phytozönosen gelegt

Diskutiert werden allgemeine Probleme der Vegetationsgliederung nach dem Dominanzprinzip. Schließlich werden Möglichkeiten einer allgemeinen Anwendung dieser statistisch und ökologisch orientierten phytosoziologischen Methodik angedeutet
Über das System der madagassischen Sarcolaenaceae
Authors: Straka Herbert
Published: March 2023

Ein neues Verwandtschaftsschema der Sarcolaenaceae wird nach den schon früher bekannten und den vor kurzem von R. Capuronpublizierten Merkmalen konstruiert.
Zur Rolle des Ca bei verschiedenen Stoffwechseltypen
Authors: Lötsch B.
Published: March 2023

Bei der chemischen Totalanalyse zahlreicher Oxalat‐produzierender Pflanzen läßt sich kein wasserlösliches Calcium nachweisen. Daraus wurde früher gelegentlich gefolgert, daß das Calcium im Stoffwechsel dieser Pflanzen keine große Rolle spielen könne bzw. daß es durch die Fällung aus dem Stoffwechsel ausgeschlossen werden sollte. In unseren Kulturversuchen zum Calciumbedarf kalkfällender Pflanzen erwies es sich dagegen, daß gerade der Gehalt an Oxalsäure zur Ursache eines besonders dringlichen Ca‐Bedarfs werden kann. Die in den Jungzonen gelöstes Oxalat enthaltende Tradescantia viridis zeigt auf Cafreier Nährlösung bereits nach 4 bis 5 Wochen Ca‐Mangelnekrosen, weil die dann vermehrte lösliche Oxalsäure die Ca‐Versorgung der jüngsten Teile behindert. Die verwandte Zebrina pendula, die im Blatt keine nennenswerten Oxalatmengen produziert und normalerweise viel gelöstes Calcium speichert, zeigt auch nach Monaten auf der Mangellösung keine Nekrosen, weil sie das wenige Ca, dessen sie habhaft werden kann, in Lösung (= physiologisch wirksam) erhalten kann

Gestützt auf diese Experimente sowie auch auf Literaturangaben über Ca‐Mangelerscheinungen an Oxalsäurepflanzen wie Beta und Lemna müssen wir das Iljinsche Konzept der “physiologischen Calciumfeindlichkeit” kalkfällender Pflanzen als revisionsbedürftig bezeichnen. Aus diesem Konzept spricht noch eine ungenügende Beachtung der unterschiedlichen Ionengehalte von Plasma und Vakuole (d. h. von Stoffwechsel‐ und Exkretionsraum)

Ausführlich publiziert: Lötsch, B., und H. Kinzel, 1971: Zum Calciumbedarf von Oxalatpflanzen. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen (BPP) 162, 209–219