bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CHẾ PHẨM SYNBIOTIC CHỨA VI KHUẨN SINH AXIT LACTIC Lactococcus lactis VÀ FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE LÊN MỘT SỐ CHỈ TIÊU MIỄN DỊCH CỦA TÔM THẺ CHÂN TRẮNG (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Thị Huế , Hồng Nguyễn Thị Xuân , Hằng Trần Thị Thúy , Phước Nguyễn Ngọc
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu này bước đầu đánh giá ảnh hưởng của chế phẩm synbiotic gồm vi khuẩn sinh axit lactic Lactococcus lactis và fructooligosaccharide lên các chỉ tiêu miễn dịch của tôm thẻ chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei).  Tôm thí nghiệm (khối lượng ban đầu 5 ± 0,6 g/con) được cho ăn thức ăn công nghiệp không có hoặc có chế phẩm synbiotic với hàm lượng phối trộn vi khuẩn L. lactis 108 CFU/mL và lần lượt 4 hàm lượng của fructooligosaccharide là 0,1; 0,2; 0,5 và 1%. Sau 30 ngày cho tôm ăn thức ăn thử nghiệm, tiến hành thu mẫu máu tôm để phân tích các chỉ tiêu miễn dịch. Kết quả cho thấy tổng số tế bào máu, hoạt tính của enzyme phenoloxidase và hoạt động thực bào của tôm cho ăn theo chế độ ăn có bổ sung chế phẩm synbiotic cao hơn (p<0,05) so với tôm ở nghiệm thức đối chứng, trong đó chế độ ăn có chế phẩm synbiotic chứa hàm lượng fructooligosaccharide 0,5% và 1% được ghi nhận có hiệu quả tốt hơn ở tôm thí nghiệm so với tôm ở các chế độ ăn còn lại. Tuy nhiên, hoạt tính enzyme lysozyme của tôm không khác nhau ở nghiệm thức đối chứng và tôm ở các nghiệm thức cho ăn chế phẩm synbiotic (p>0,05). Những kết quả đạt được trong nghiên cứu này bước đầu cho thấy chế phẩm synbiotic thử nghiệm đã làm tăng hoạt động miễn dịch của tôm thẻ chân trắng.

Abstract

This study initially evaluated the effect of a synbiotic containing a mixture of lactic acid-producing bacteria L. lactis and fructooligosaccharide on immune response factors of white leg shrimp (L. vannamei). The experimental shrimp (5 ± 0,6 g/con) were fed commercial feed without or containing the synbiotic with L. lactis (108 CFU/mL) and/or 4 concentrations of fructooligosaccharide 0,1; 0,2; 0,5 and 1%, respectively. After 30 days of feeding trial, shrimp hemolymph was collected to analyze the related parameters to shrimp immune response. The results showed that the immunological parameters such as total hemocytes count, phenoloxidase enzyme activity, and phagocytic activity of shrimp in the treated groups were significantly higher (p <0,05) than those of shrimp in the control group. In which, the diet containing synbiotic with 0,5% and 1% of fructooligosaccharide gave the better immune response in shrimp than others. In addition, there was no significant difference was observed in the lysozyme enzyme activity of shrimp in the treatment groups and the control group (p>0,05). The results of this study provided scientific data on the effectiveness of synbiotic in stimulating immune response parameters of cultured white leg shrimp.
TO THE BIOLOGY OF OENANTHE AQUATICA (L.) POIR. (UMBELLIFLORAE)
Authors: Lebedeva O. , Belyakov E.
Published: April 2021

The results of experiments on seed germination and the initial stages of ontogenesis of the hygrohelophyte Oenanthe aquatica under laboratory conditions are presented. The features of fruit germination and the initial stages of ontogenesis of Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir were studied. It was revealed that mature fruits of O. aquatica do not have a dormant period. Germination of both freshly harvested fruits and those subjected to various storage conditions for 4 months (in laboratory conditions, refrigerator and freezer), showed a high percentage of laboratory germination from 90.6 to 100%. At the same time, storage of fruits in the freezer and in the refrigerator led to a decrease in the lag-time and germination period (in comparison with those of freshly picked fruits and fruits stored at room temperature). It was revealed that the fruits of O. aquatica germinate without a dormant period. It was shown that the development of O. aquatica seedling under laboratory conditions lasts about 30 days. The transition of a plant to a juvenile ontogenetic state occurs when the cotyledon leaves die off and is accompanied by the appearance of all the main plant organs. The sprout is a monopodially growing rosette shoot with main and adventitious roots. The juvenile plant is also represented by a uniaxial monopodial and anisotropic rosette shoot. The transition to an immature age-related state is characterized by the preservation of the rosette form of growth and the appearance of axillary buds on the shoot. In juvenile and immature age states, plants usually hibernate. It was revealed that already at the seedling stage, the polyvariance of ontogenesis is traced according to the rates of development of plants (growing in Petri dishes and floating on the surface of the water in beakers), associated with different rates of plant transition from the seedling phase to the juvenile age state.
Evaluation of The Treatment Efficiency of Microfracture Technique and Intra-Articular Sodium Hyaluronate Injection on Osteoarthritis of Rats
Authors: ARDA Umut , BOZKAN Zeynep
Published: April 2021

The animals with osteoarthritis suffer from clinical signs such as joint pain, reluctance to move, loss of performance and lameness. Many medical and interventional methods are used to manage osteoarthritis but no described treatment can completely repair damaged cartilage yet. In this study, 40 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned as microfracture technique group, intra-articular hyaluronic acid group, microfracture technique + intra-articular hyaluronic acid group and control group (n=10). Clinically, knee circumference and body weight were measured and, leg posture was scored. Radiological examination findings were evaluated using a grading based on 3 parameter as joint space narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation. Also, at the end of the experiment, following sacrification, the joint of the relevant leg was scored according to the severity of osteoarthritis. Considering the changes in the leg posture, the knee circumference measurement and the radiological findings, the development of osteoarthritis was successfully achieved with monosodium iodoacetate application in this study. In line with the findings obtained from the presented study, it was concluded that combining microfracture technique with hyaluronic acid application would not contribute additionally to the treatment process, and even using microfracture or hyaluronic acid application alone may produce more positive results.
Exploring the Origins of Practice: In Dialogue with Founding Faculty of the Presencing Institute
Authors: Arts Julie , Baldini Angela , Goodman Marian , Hayashi Arawana , Jandernoa Beth , Scharmer Otto
Published: April 2021

In September 2020, Julie Arts and Angela Baldini, core team members of the Presencing Institute, brought together four of the founding faculty for a conversation on the origins of some of the institute’s key tools and practices. They sought to articulate the roots of the organization’s work by inquiring into the history of its practices with the people who brought them into being through their experimentation. The group shared how these tools came into being and evolved, and also ‘what the work asked of them’ – touching into the inner experience of holding these practices. What unfolded was a dialogue on the deeper dimensions of practice underlying not only these tools, but the field of awareness-based systems change as a whole. In the end there was a sense that the conversation went to the heart of what the work is really about – and that it is a conversation worth sharing.
Journal of Awareness-Based Systems Change: The Birth of a Journal
Authors: Koenig Oliver , Seneque Megan , Pomeroy Eva , Scharmer Otto
Published: April 2021

In this inaugural editorial, we tell the story of the emergence of the journal as a response to our current global context. We seek to exemplify the different ways of coming to know and different forms of knowledge that are required to bring about the deep systems change needed to address the divides of our time. We reveal the ways in which the very process of enacting different research paradigms is itself emancipatory and transformative: making these practices visible is the work of awareness-based systems change.
NORMS OF RUSSIAN SPEECH
Authors: Shadiyeva Dilrabo
Published: April 2021

В статье говорится о нормах, существующих в русской письменной речи. Имея устоявшиеся нормы письма, орфографические и пунктуационные, письменная речь остаётся понятной спустя десятилетия и даже сотни лет. Однако, являясь отражением устной речи, откликаясь на веяния времени, письменная речь неизбежно претерпевает изменения.
SWISS WRITER FRANTS HOLER'S WORK IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Djalilova Xurshida
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада Швейцариянинг машҳур адиби Франц Холернинг ижоди, 2018 йилда Ўзбекистонга ташрифи ва унинг ўзбек тилига таржима қилинган асарлари ҳақида баён этилган. Адибнинг “Сайр сайқали” ҳикоялари тўплами тақдимоти орқали юртимиз китобхонлари ушбу адиб ижоди билан илк бор танишдилар. Холер ижоди тадқиқотчиси, таржимони Ҳафиза Қўчқорованинг ўз адабий услуби билан швейцариялик ижодкор услуби ўртасидаги муштараклик жиҳатлар таҳлил қилинган. Шу ўринда тадқиқотда Холер асарларининг шакли ва мазмунига, шунингдек жанр, мавзу ва ғоя масалаларига асосий эътибор қаратилган.
USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE INTERNET IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Saipova М
Published: April 2021

Taʼlim jarayonida zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari va Internetdan foydalanish natijasida yoshlar maʼnaviy dunyosini boyib, rivojlanadi va natijada mustaqil fikrlovchi komil insonni tarbiyalash vazifasini qisman yengillashtiradi. Buning uchun talaba-yoshlarning ilm va tafakkurini rivojlantirishimiz zarur. Shunga koʼra, yosh kadrlarni kompyuter savodxonlik va yuksak saviyali, axborot texnologiyalaridan erkin foydalana biladigan qilib, shakllantirish lozim.
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE LESSONS AS A LESSON OBJECTIVE
Authors: Xudanova Shaxnoza , Umirzakova Fotima
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада немис тили ўқитишда коммуникатив тил кўникмаларини шакллантириш дарс мақсади сифатида танлаб олиниб, кўзланган мақсадга эришиш учун айрим дарсликлардан фойдаланишда ўрганувчилар тасаввурида юзага келадиган баъзи тушунчалар билан боғлиқ бўлган англашдаги қийинчиликлар ва уларни бартараф этишда ижобий фойда берадиган ижодий ёндашувлар хақида амалий изланишлар баён этилади. Шунингдек, бундай ёндашувларнинг коммуникатив кўникмалар шаклланишидаги муҳим аҳамияти хусусидаги амалий тажрибанинг ўрни тўғрисида ҳам сўз боради.
TERMINOLOGICAL RELATIONS WITH THEORY AS THE EMERGENCE OF AMBIGUOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF LINGUISTIC TERMS
Authors: Xudaybeoganova Nazokat
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада лексикологик терминларнинг пайдо бўлиши, терминлар кўпмаънолилиги кўринишларининг юзага келиши сифатида назария ва термин алоқалари, терминологияни бир қанча гуруҳларга ажратиш мумкинлиги ҳамда терминологиядаги муаммолар ҳақида илмий ишлар олиб борган олимларнинг фикрлари ва таҳлиллари ҳақида сўз боради.
THE USE OF SLANG PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE SPEECH OF THE CHARACTERS OF THE WORK
Authors: Abdullayev Ixlosbek
Published: April 2021

Мазкур мақола француз тилининг луғат бойлигини оширишга хизмат қилувчи юмористик бўёқдорликни ифодаловчи оғзаки сўзлашув услубига хос жаргон фразеологик бирликларининг бадиий асар персонажлари нутқида қўлланилишининг стилистик хусусиятларини ўрганишга бағишланади.
ETHNO-HISTORICAL MEMORY AND ETHNO-IDIOMATICS IN FRENCH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Authors: Djafarova Dildora
Published: April 2021

Мазкур мақола француз ва ўзбек тилларида “тарихий хотира” ҳамда этно-идиоматика тушунчаларига бағишланган бўлиб, икки тил доирасида мисоллар ёрдамида таҳлил қилинган. Мақолада этно-идиоматика тушунчасига оид олимларнинг назарий фикрлари асосида “тарихий хотира”га оид фразеологик бирликлар тадқиқ қилинган.
HISTORICAL DATES AS THE CONTENT OF VICTOR HUGO'S BIBIMARYAM TEMPLE
Authors: Jo’rayeva Shalola
Published: April 2021

Ushbu maqolada Viktor Gyugoning tarixiy romani bo’lmish “Bibimaryam ibodatxonasi” asari mazmuni orqali tarixiy sanalarga izoh berib ketilgan. Bundan tashqari, maqolada ushbu romanning  tarixiy jihatdan qimmati va ahamiyati tahlil etilgan.
GENDER PECULIARITIES OF SPEECH STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN A LITERARY TEXT
Authors: Miralieva Shakhnoza
Published: April 2021

The article deals with gender representation in English- and Russian-language literary works at the lexical and grammatical levels from the perspective of the strategies and tactics of speech behavior. The author focuses on the analysis of the gender specificity of linguistic means realization in dialogues with response expectation by the dialogue initiator; carry out the comparative analysis of gender specificity verbalization in English and Russian. The gender peculiarities of the use of remarks-stimuli and remarks-reactions, conditioned by sociocultural and psychological factors, are also described in the work and this article deals with the gender specifics of speech strategies in fiction, mainly in the novels and short stories of Ernest Hemingway and Virginia Woolf.
RECONSTRUCTION OF COLORISTIC EXPRESSIONS IN ERKIN AZAM'S "NOISE" AND "PAKANA'S LOVE"
Authors: Yaxshiboyeva Nodira
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада Эркин Аъзам асарларининг француз тилидаги таржималари мисолида ранг воситасида ҳосил бўлган ибораларни ўзбек тилида қиёсий ўрганиш ва бадиий асар таржимасида ғоялар тизимини ифодалаётган ранг символикасининг табиати ва ранглар берилиши нимага асосланганлигини очиб бериш назарда тутилган.
LA MÉTAPHORE CONCEPTUELLE COMME UN REFLET CULTURELLE DANS LA LITTERATURE OUZBEKE
Authors: Rofiyeva Gulasal
Published: April 2021

The article examines the translations of metaphors in the works of Erkin Azam and their features. The translations were compared with the original language, the translation methods were studied, and the positive results were recorded as the principle of translation. The metaphorical patterns used in the play are comprehended and their cognitive features are revealed. A comparative analysis of the translation of conceptual metaphors reveals the important principles of translation from Uzbek into French.
ABSOLUTE AND NON-ABSOLUTE HYPERBOLES
Authors: Abduraximova Feruza
Published: April 2021

This article defines the term "stylistic trope of anti-hyperbole" as opposed to "hyperbole". Also, the communicative analysis of anti-hyperbole, its absolute and non-absolute forms, is illustrated in English and Uzbek with examples in the verbal field.
ENHANCING LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY THROUGH PEER OBSERVATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Akhmedova Feruza , Rozikova Rano
Published: April 2021

Peer observation is regarded as a compulsory or ‘tick-the-box’ practice in many higher educational institutions due to its overshadowed values and teachers’ intimidation of being judged by their colleagues. This article reveals the benefits of peer observation that can develop teachers’ self-efficacy and provides some effective tips to overcome the fear of being questioned.
THE ROLE OF PLAYING METHODS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Sultonova U
Published: April 2021

В данной статье раскрывается роль и значение игровых интерактивных методов для успешного изучения иностранных языков. На конкретных практических примерах описана методика применения игровых форм обучения немецкому языку.
AS A MAIN METHOD OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO CHILDREN
Authors: Murodova М , Djafarova D
Published: April 2021

Maqolada turli mualliflarning o'yinni o'quv jarayonida o'quvchilarning bilim faolligini faollashtiradigan va shu tariqa ta'lim jarayonini samarali qiluvchi bir ta`lim usuli sifatida belgilashga oid ilmiy yondashuvlari o'rganilgan.
EXPLANATION OF THE TERM "NEOLOGISM" IN LINGUISTICS
Authors: Rahmonova Gulnoza , Djafarova D
Published: April 2021

Mazkur maqola neologizm termini hamda til hodisasi jarayoniga bag’ishlangan bo’lib, maqolada tilshunos olimlarning neologizm to’g’risidagi fikrlari tahlil qilingan. Neologizmlar bir nechta misollar yordamida yoritilgan.
Histórias de autoidentificação do quilombo Luizes: tensões, disputas e contradições
Authors: Silva Elisângela de Jesus Furtado da
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a construção da história de autoidentificação da comunidade Luizes a partir da memória de seus membros. O estudo foi feito por meio das narrativas anciãs do Quilombo Luizes em entrevistas não estruturadas. As histórias e memórias evidenciaram alguns achados dentre os quais: i) o discurso de autoidentificação da Comunidade Luizes é marcado por reconhecimento positivo do termo, mas não por todas as pessoas da comunidade, o que indica que a homogeneidade não é condição para a existência de uma organização; ii) a autoidentificação quilombola é um discurso atravessado por outros diversos, que exercem tensões e disputas em torno do significado; iii) as contradições observadas não dizem respeito a incoerência de seus membros, antes, porém, estão ligadas a uma sociedade constituída no racismo estrutural que levou a invisibilização de histórias e apagamento de humanidades.
Hallazgos clínicos en niños con COVID-19 atendidos en el Servicio de Emergencia
Authors: Vaca Yépez Carla Lucía , Conde de Vera Arelis de Jesús , Espinel Ramos Daniel Arturo , Aranda Rodríguez Carolina del Valle , Martínez Johanna José , Campaña Silva Diana Carolina
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Los niños han mostrado una menor prevalencia de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2, así como un curso leve de la enfermedad. Los síntomas que presentan son reflejo de la afectación a nivel respiratorio, digestivo, neurológico y sistémico. Reconocerlos facilita el abordaje de un paciente con sospecha de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de tipo transversal, que incluyó 51 niños con infección confirmada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 atendidos en la Emergencia Pediátrica del Hospital General del Sur de Quito durante los meses de abril a junio, con edades entre 1 mes y 17 años 11 meses y 29 días. Los datos se obtuvieron del sistema AS400. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS, se determinaron porcentajes en las variables nominales y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión en las numéricas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 niños, la mayoría adolescentes de 10 a 14 años (29,4%), y más de la mitad de sexo masculino (56,9%). El 82,4% refirieron manifestaciones clínicas respiratorias. Los síntomas más prevalentes fueron fiebre y tos (68,6%). La mayoría de pacientes presentaron un curso leve de la enfermedad (60,8%), pero los menores de un año presentaron enfermedad severa con mayor frecuencia. Conclusiones: Existe un predominio de afectación del sexo masculino. La mayoría acude por síntomas respiratorios y presentan enfermedad leve. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes son fiebre y tos.
Ante todo, no hagas daño
Authors: Villamar Tinajero Pablo
Published: April 2021

Cuando la enfermedad se hace presente en un miembro de la familia trae dolor y sufrimiento, los cuales crecen si se trata de un paciente pediátrico y más aún si la gravedad de sus patologías requiere su internamiento en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP).
DRYING KINETICS AND MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY OF FOUR VARIETIES OF BAMBARA BEANS
Authors: Awotona E.O. , Alade A.O. , Adebanjo S.A. , Duduyemi O. , Afolabi T.J.
Published: April 2021

Drying of bambara beans was studied at 40oC at every 30 minutes in a Laboratory oven. Effective moisture diffusivity ranges between 5.886 x 10-10 m2/s – 4.354 x 10-10 m2/s respectively. The statistical criteria used in evaluation of the model were maximum coefficient of determination R2 and minimum root mean square error [RMSE]. Determination for goodness of fit statistics for drying of the beans was carried out. Midilli model was used to predict the drying curve. The Midili model was found to produce accurate predictions for all the four varieties of bambara beans and the model was shown to be an excellent model for predicting drying behavior of TVSU-47 and the R2 value was 0.9971 and the value of root mean square error was 0.0149 respectively.
Louis Pasteur e a revolução bacteriana
Authors: Tada L.R.F. Brasil Mittie , Sofia Faberge Olga , Ibañez Nelson
Published: April 2021

teste
A Methodology approach for the comparison of cases in space syntax and morphology studies
Authors: Şalgamcıoğlu Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is examining a research design methodology approach. This methodology approach is mainly focusing on investigating the comparison of consistent cases within a research structure. The comparison is carried out through the 2D drawing layouts such as plans in the selected study. Although the main concern is examining the methodology covering the comparison of low-rise apartments’ domestic space plan layouts, the exemplar study is also introduced briefly within the paper for a better understanding of the introduced comparison structure and the part of the methodology scrutinized. Comparison of plan layouts related cases in space syntax and morphology studies is the starting point. Afterwards, the discussion on the selection of similar plan types (2D drawings) in meaning and sizes made the methodology introduced possible. Focusing on an architectural design related research study is a crucial part of this paper supporting the core discussion. For this reason, focusing on a former research based on architectural design related domestic space investigation with its context related to low-rise apartment plans’ in Istanbul was needed. Other than domestic space investigations, this approach may also be applied to similar investigations covering building design morphology and spatial syntax related researches focusing on the comparison of cases depending on a systematic selection. The selection of the analyzed cases in this design methodology approach is crucial with their similar extent of plan sizes and semantic coherence in relation with their use of spaces. Environment-Behavior Studies related research context is also crucial for this methodology approach. Behavioral circuits, behavior setting, and culture-ecology perspective within the building scale should be primarily discussed in order to use this paper’s methodological approach.
Architecture, as a tool to raise awareness to climate change and sea level rise: case of Libyan coastal city of Zuwara
Authors: Chalgham Manal , Başer Kalyoncuoğlu Bahar
Published: April 2021

The effects of climate change are no longer just a possibility we will face in the future. Droughts, wildfires, storms, sea surges, and much more, are climate change-related risks that communities around the world are facing today, coastal communities are particularly under the risk of floods and sea-level rise, but how aware are these communities of these threats? This study sets out to assess social awareness to climate change amongst the residents of the coastal Libyan city of Zuwara, which faces the risk of floods and sea level rise (SLR). The awareness level of the society about the factors of climate change can create significant barrier in front of mitigation and adaptation process. From this point of view, the study suggests that using a tool that publicly understandable and having familiarity with can have a greater impact on the level of awareness. Therefore, it has been focused on the role of architecture as a tool to raise awareness of the risks of climate change. The research methodology relies on a case study with future projections regarding Sea level rise (SLR) under different Representative concentration pathway (RCP), and a social survey designed in three stages: First step is measuring the level of awareness of residents of the city, then in the second attempt to rise it using architecture as an educative tool, and finally re-measuring the level of awareness in order to test the effectiveness of architecture as proposed tool. The questionnaire was distributed online to a sample of 100 people including participants who are of professional backgrounds in architecture and built environment. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire was divided into two stages, first, measuring the level of general awareness of the respondents about their living environment and climate change, then measuring the level of improvement in awareness about climate change during the survey.  The second section of the questionnaire was formulated based on Likert scale, and to test the study’s hypotheses, (T - Test) and Independent Samples Test, were used. Survey results have shown an increase in the degree of awareness between participants when comparing answers before stage two and after, suggesting that using architecture as an educative tool to raise awareness about climate change; is effective.
UMA BREVE SÍNTESE DO CENÁRIO ATUAL DOS MEDICAMENTOS E TERAPIAS ANTIRRETROVIRAIS PARA O COMBATE AO HIV NO BRASIL
Authors: Sousa de Araújo Robert , Leonardo do Nascimento-Dias Bruno
Published: April 2021

HIV (sigla em inglês para Human Immunodeficiency Virus) teve sua primeira descrição no início da década de 80, sendo descrito como um retrovírus a capaz de transcrever seu genoma de RNA em uma molécula de ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) de fita dupla, previamente à integração do genoma do vírus ao cromossomo da célula hospedeira. No início da década de 1980, passou-se a ser desenvolvida a terapia antirretroviral (TARV), como meio de combater o avanço da doença em pacientes que apresentavam possuir o vírus. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho possui como objetivo principal apresentar os medicamentos e tratamentos oferecidos atualmente no Brasil para combater o HIV através das chamadas TARV. Para isto, a metodologia escolhida para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi a de bibliográfica-descritiva. Os resultados coletados mostram que no Brasil conta com as seguintes classes de medicamentos como terapias antirretrovirais: Inibidores de protease (IP) Inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeo/Nucleotídeo (INTR/INTRt) Inibidores da transcriptase reversa não análogos de nucleosídeo (INNTR) Inibidores de entrada (IE) Inibidores de Integrase (INI).
A INCLUSÃO DIGITAL PARA DEFICIENTES VISUAIS NO ÂMBITO ACADÊMICO
Authors: Fernandes Freire Joel , Barbosa Veras Priscilla
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é despertar nos gestores das instituições de ensino superior, um olhar sobre a necessidade de adaptações sistêmicas no ambiente acadêmico, afim de atender as demandas dos deficientes visuais, de modo que estes possam ter acesso as tecnologias na instituição, assim como os demais alunos.
ABORDANDO CONCEITOS DO MOVIMENTO CIRCULAR UNIFORME ATRAVÉS DA ASTROFÍSICA E FORMAÇÃO PLANETÁRIA PARA ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO.
Authors: Godinho Bruck Aline , Leonardo do Nascimento Dias Bruno
Published: April 2021

A física no ensino médio, normalmente segue currículos que acompanham temas centrais que abordam os fenômenos da natureza e serve para o aluno pensar e agir diante de uma situação problemática. Para inserir uma reflexão crítica no senso comum, é importante abrir espaços para discussões, onde cada um vai pensar o problema da sua forma. A ciência trás competências que exploram a observação, experimentação e investigação do mundo e temas de Astronomia, desperta interesse e curiosidade em diversos níveis de ensino, pois contextualiza aspectos contemporâneos, no ensino da mecânica clássica. Como a formação planetária, ainda possui lacunas para ser preenchida, principalmente para os sistemas extra-solares, levar esse assunto para alunos de ensino médio, irá aproximá-los do processo investigativo científico, estimulando perguntas e mostrando a importância da construção do conhecimento ao longo do tempo. Dessa forma, introduzir o estudo de formação planetária como um método para explicar tópicos que envolvam o estudo do movimento circular uniforme (MCU), pode ser promissor para despertar interesse nos discentes. Por fim, o artigo mostra como a Física básica pode ser ensinada, descrevendo o universo e Sistema Solar. Também, explica a importância da contextualização e suas aplicações no dia a dia, estimulando a aprendizagem e despertando a curiosidade do aluno na busca pelo conhecimento, com rigor científico, utilizando a Física como ferramenta para tal busca.
INTERVENÇÃO DE ORIENTAÇÕES DE AUTOCUIDADO PARA PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: De Castro Andrade Alice Edwirges , Corrêa de Almeida Aline , Dos Santos Fernandes Daniel , De Souza Alvim Flávia , França Alves Carla Patrícia , Neves de Queiroz Abreu Eliada , Cirino de Rezende Nicoly , Pereira Mota Nayara
Published: April 2021

A enfermagem é responsável pela prestação de assistência quando há um déficit no autocuidado, através de ações de prevenção, promoção, recuperação e reabilitação da saúde. Objetivo: descrever a experiência do grupo operativo de orientações de autocuidado para a população em situação de rua (PSR). Metodologia: trata-se de um relato de experiência. Resultados: foi realizado um grupo operativo por meio da elaboração de cartazes e vídeo para orientações sobre autocuidado, utilizando-se recursos de ambiente virtual. Considerações finais: diante da promoção de educação em saúde, a produção do vídeo e de cartazes foram recursos capazes de efetivar o grupo operativo, desenvolvendo a criatividade, resolutividade e humanização dos pesquisadores.
Systemic gene delivery using lipid envelope systems and its potential in overcoming challenges
Authors: Malaviya Miteshkumar , Shiroya Milankumar
Published: April 2021

Nonviral vectors which offer a safer and versatile alternative to viral vectors have been developed to overcome problems caused by viral carriers. However, their transfection efficacy or level of expression is substantially lower than viral vectors. Among various nonviral gene vectors, lipid envelops systems are an ideal platform for the incorporation of safety and efficacy into a single delivery system. Emerging strategies for gene delivery using lipid-based delivery systems mainly aim at improving the transfection efficiency and potency while reducing toxicity, achieving prolonged release, cell-specific targeting, co-delivery of drug and gene. Earlier efforts to improve the transfection efficiency while overcoming the toxicity led to the need for preparing conjugates of lipids with polyamines. In this review, we highlight current lipidic vectors that have been developed for gene therapy, challenges, and their solutions.
Sử dụng hệ thống hút áp lực âm (V.A.C) điều trị nhiễm trùng vùng Scarpa sau phẫu thuật mạch máu
Authors: Thang Duong Ngoc , Uoc Nguyen Huu , Tu Vu Ngoc , Hai Hoang Trong , Binh Khong The , Thanh Tran Dang , Nhu Than Thi
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Vùng Scarpa là một đường vào mạch máu thông dụng, tuy nhiên do vị trí giải phẫu và nhiều hệ thống bạch huyết, nên khá hay gặp biến chứng nhiễm trùng vết mổ và rò bạch huyết, đôi khi rất khó điều trị. Báo cáo nhằm đóng góp chỉ định điều trị, đề xuất kỹ thuật thực hiện và chăm sóc đối với các trường hợp nhiễm trùng vùng Scarpa sau phẫu thuật mạch máu. Đối tượng – phương pháp: Nghiên cứu ca lâm sàng tiến cứu một trường hợp có bệnh lý nền phức tạp, bệnh động mạch chi dưới rất nặng, thể trạng béo bệu, bị nhiễm trùng gây biến chứng mạch máu rất khó điều trị sau phẫu thuật tái thông động mạch chậu–đùi phải. Kết quả: Bệnh nhân nam, 62 tuổi, tiền sử đái đường, tăng huyết áp, phẫu thuật hybrid đặt stent động mạch chậu ngoài, bóc nội mạc động mạch đùi chung và bắc cầu đùi-khoeo phải bằng đoạn mạch nhân tạo PTFE số 8 có vòng xoắn, mổ lại do giả phồng động mạch đùi chung phải, cấy vết mổ có vi khuẩn. Vết mổ vùng bẹn không liền được, nguy cơ tái bục miệng nối mạch máu dẫn đến phải thắt mạch, được chăm sóc bằng hệ thống hút liên tục áp lực âm (VAC) trong 149 ngày, cuối cùng vết mổ liền hoàn toàn, bảo tồn được các cầu nối mạch máu nuôi chi. Kết luận: Hút áp lực âm liên tục (VAC) là một giải pháp điều trị có hiệu quả, an toàn cho các nhiễm trùng kéo dài của vết thương sau phẫu thuật mạch máu.
Obesity and Weight Concerns in Children with Special Needs in a Developing Country
Authors: Bahadursingh Prithiviraj
Published: April 2021

Objective
To investigate weight concerns in children with special needs.

Methods
Data from an established patient database on Microsoft Excel for a local community paediatric service was analysed for September 2015 to August 2016. Patient diagnoses were categorised as follows: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Learning Difficulty (LD), Cerebral Palsy (CP), Global Developmental Delay (GDD), Trisomy 21 (T 21) and Other syndromes. The proportions of these children being overweight/obese, underweight, having eating problems, requiring dietician services and having behavioural problems were recorded. Odds ratios were calculated comparing subgroups.

Results
One thousand and seventeen (1017) patients attended the clinics; Seven hundred and seventy one (771) were male. Fifteen point four percent (15.4%, 157) of patients had weight concerns, with 9.3% (95) being overweight or obese and 6.1% (62) underweight. Five point one percent (5.1%, 52) of children experienced eating problems. Seven point nine percent (7.9%,80) patients accessed the dietician services and behavioral concerns were noted in 8.8% (90) patients. Regarding ASD, the odds of being overweight or obese was lower compared to the rest of the group; 3.7% (15) were overweight or obese. For ADHD, 15% (13) were overweight or obese. Amongst children with Learning Difficulty, 17.5% (44) were overweight or obese. CP children had higher odds of being underweight compared to the rest of the group (14.9% of children with CP were underweight). For Trisomy 21 and other syndromes, 17% (5) were overweight or obese.

Conclusion
International data indicates that children with special needs have high rates of overweight and obesity. This study also shows that a significant proportion of children with special needs are overweight or obese and at risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Strategies implemented locally to address NCDs must give emphasis to children with special needs.

Keywords: Obesity, Special Needs, Children
A Survey of Data Mining Implementation in Smart City Applications
Authors: Salih Ageed Zainab , R. M. Zeebaree Subhi , Mohammed Sadeeq Mohammed , Fattah Kak Shakir , Najat Rashid Zryan , Abid Salih Azar , M. Abdullah Wafaa
Published: April 2021

Many policymakers envisage using a community model and Big Data technology to achieve the sustainability demanded by intelligent city components and raise living standards. Smart cities use different technology to make their residents more successful in their health, housing, electricity, learning, and water supplies. This involves reducing prices and the utilization of resources and communicating more effectively and creatively for our employees. Extensive data analysis is a comparatively modern technology that is capable of expanding intelligent urban facilities. Digital extraction has resulted in the processing of large volumes of data that can be used in several valuable areas since digitalization is an essential part of daily life. In many businesses and utility domains, including the intelligent urban domain, successful exploitation and multiple data use is critical. This paper examines how big data can be used for more innovative societies. It explores the possibilities, challenges, and benefits of applying big data systems in intelligent cities and compares and contrasts different intelligent cities and big data ideas. It also seeks to define criteria for the creation of big data applications for innovative city services.
The Value of Preoperative Diagnosis in Leiomyosarcoma of the Vulva
Authors: Hayati Firdaus , Soe May Zaw , Azizan Nornazirah , Payus Alvin Oliver
Published: April 2021

We read with great interest the article by Saquib et al, entitled: "Leiomyosarcoma of the Vulva Mimicking as Chronic Bartholin Cyst: A Case Report", which was recently published in the Oman Medical Journal. Firstly, we would like to congratulate the authors who have nicely described a case of asymptomatic leiomyosarcoma of the vulva mimicking chronic Bartholin gland cyst.
Correlation of Mast Cell and Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus, Dysplasia (Leukoplakia), and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors:   Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Mugappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Sundararajan Amutha , Muthusamy Rajmohan ,   Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India, Siva Kumar Gopal ,   Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India, Harikrishnan Prasad ,   Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India, Kumar Sri Chinthu Kenniyan ,   Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India, Rathinasamy Selva Kumar ,   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Keerapakkam Village, Asan Nagar, Chengalpattu, India
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and correlate mast cell density (MCD) and microvessel density (MVD) between normal oral mucosa, oral lichen planus, various grades of dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: The study comprised a total of 75 samples, of which 65 were archival tissue blocks of histopathologically confirmed cases, which included 10 cases of oral lichen planus, 25 cases of dysplasia (mild [n=10], moderate [n=10], and severe [n=5]), and 30 cases of OSCC (well differentiated [n=10], moderately differentiated [n=10], and poorly differentiated [n=10]), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa. All the sections were immunohistochemically stained with anti-CD34 and counterstained with toluidine blue stain. Mean MCD and MVD were determined and analyzed using ANOVA test and compared between the lesions using Tukey HSD test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to correlate these two factors between various lesions. Results: Mean MCD and mean MVD were found to be increased in all the lesions compared to normal oral mucosa, and the values were statically significant. Overall, MCD and MVD showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.640). Conclusion: Increase of MCD and MVD and their positive correlation in all the lesions have emphasized their role in the pathogenesis and disease progression.
The use of prognostic scales in upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Authors: Osuch Czesław , Rubinkiewicz Mateusz , Tylec Piotr , Dudek Alicja , Monika Orłowska , Długosz Dorota , Truszkiewicz Katarzyna , Witowski Jan , Matyja Andrzej
Published: April 2021

Introduction

In order to select high-risk patients, many prognostic scales have been invented. Among them, Rockall, Glasgow-Blatchford and AIMS 65 scales were considered the most useful.

Material and methods

Patients with upper GI tract bleeding, treated between 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled to the study. Every patient had a Rockall, Glasgow-Blatchford and AIMS 65 score calculated retrospectively. Data on hospitalization as blood transfusions, length of hospital stay, rebleeding, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality was included into data-base.

Results

Univariate logistic regression revealed that only the AIMS65 scale was a prognostic factor for in-hospital mortality (OR 11.028; 95% CI: [2.271, 53.563], p=0.001). The AIMS 65 score >2 was the only factor predicting the need of >4 blood units transfusion during hospitalization (OR 3.977; 95% CI: [1.305, 12.122], p=0.015), whereas Glasgow-Blatchford scale >5 was the only risk factor for the need of fresh frozen plasma transfusion (OR 3.657; 95% CI: [1.010-13.242], p=0.048). The area under a curve (AUC) in the ROC analysis revealed that the AIMS 65 scale was the most accurate in mortality prediction (AUC=0.859, p=0.002), whereas Rockall score and Glasgow-Blatchford were not significant (AUC=0.614, p=0.093 and AUC=0.504, p=0.97, respectively).

Conclusions

Based on our results, we recommend using AIMS 65 scoring system. It’s simple and requires few of parameters to be counted. Also, it proved to be the most efficient in predicting in-hospital mortality.
RASTREAMENTO DE COMPLICAÇÕES CRÔNICAS EM PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS EM UMA FARMÁCIA BÁSICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CASCAVEL-PR
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Karina , Penteado Suelem Tavares da Silva , Teleken Jakeline Liara , Virtuoso Suzane , de Oliveira Thayla Mohana Cardoso
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus (DM) não controlado pode provocar, a longo prazo, disfunção e falência de vários órgãos, estando associado ao aumento da mortalidade e ao alto risco de desenvolvimento de complicações micro e macrovasculares. Diante disso, o bom controle do DM na atenção primária evita hospitalizações e maiores complicações, por isso, a detecção de retinopatia, nefropatia, neuropatia e pé diabético deve ser realizada em tempo oportuno para acompanhamento e seguimento de cada paciente. Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi rastrear e identificar as complicações crônicas de Diabetes Mellitus em pacientes assistidos pela Farmácia Básica do município de Cascavel-PR. Métodos: Foram coletados os dados sociodemográficos dos pacientes e exame de microalbuminúria para rastreamento de nefropatia. Além disso, para o rastreamento de neuropatia diabética foi aplicado um questionário de Escore de Sintomas Neuropático (ESN) e, para o rastreamento de pé diabético foi aplicado o questionário Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Esse projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética, sob o Parecer Consubstanciado do CEP, nº 3.848.285. Resultados: Dos 62 pacientes incluídos no estudo, o gênero feminino foi mais prevalente (64,5%) e a maioria (71,0%) possuíam como comorbidade hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). Em relação às características antropométricas a prevalência de obesidade grau I foi expressiva (24,2%). Em relação às complicações crônicas do DM, foi expressiva a identificação de neuropatia (33; 53,2%), além disso, nefropatia (12; 19,4%) também foi uma complicação crônica relevante identificada. Apenas 1 paciente apresentou histórico atual de pé diabético, com presença de ulceração e deformidade. A retinopatia diabética foi identificada em apenas 2 pacientes com histórico prévio da complicação. Conclusão: O presente trabalho evidencia a prevalência de complicações microvasculares e alerta para a necessidade de rastreamento destas ainda em tempo oportuno, a fim de realizar o manejo e tratamento adequado com o paciente.
USO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE FARMÁCIA A DISTÂNCIA DURANTE O ANO DE 2020
Authors: Souza Lucieny de Faria , Lindesay-Neto Edgard
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O afastamento social impactou todos os setores, inclusive na educação. O EAD (Ensino A Distância) foi à forma encontrada para a continuação das aulas, trazendo novos desafios como a aplicação de metodologias de ensino ativa (MEA), até então só utilizada no ensino presencial. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência na aplicação de MEA de forma remota para alunos do curso de farmácia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quase experimental e exploratório. Resultados: As metodologias utilizadas foram: sala de aula invertida e estudo de caso. Na sala de aula invertida os alunos tiveram acesso ao texto antes da aula, para discussão do assunto em sala. As metodologias precisam de total engajamento dos alunos, pois estes são atores principais da aula, não sendo mais um mero expectador. Os métodos ativos de ensino propiciaram os alunos o “aprender fazendo”, sem coloca-los em risco e/ou a sociedade. No estudo de caso online os alunos puderam utilizar o conteúdo de aula expositiva a respeito de Biomarcadores Genéticos para “solucionar” crimes que marcaram época. O ensino online tem como pré-requisito a necessidade de conexão veloz, acesso a internet e dispositivos apropriados (tablet, computadores, celulares, etc), tanto do discente quanto do professor. Conclusão: As MEAs são métodos que propiciam aos alunos uma integração com o seu futuro profissional, tendo riscos diminuídos. A associação das MEA precedida de aula expositiva traz ao aluno um melhor desempenho nas aulas. Destacamos que fatores socioeconômicos precisam ser levados em consideração durante o planejamento das atividades online, tendo em vista que em uma turma alguns alunos não tem a mesma facilidade de acesso a internet e/ou dispositivos adequados.
TRATAMENTO DA DOR NO PACIENTE ONCOLÓGICO
Authors: Fernandes Amanda Vitória Furtado de Abrantes , Oliveira Illana da Silva , Felipe Cristiane Nunes , de Araujo Maria Daiane Anézio , Ferreira Maria Denise Leite
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O câncer constitui-se de células que se multiplicam e determinam a formação de tumores que podem invadir outros tecidos e órgãos por disseminação direta e/ou pelas vias linfáticas e sanguíneas. Apesar do paciente com diagnóstico de câncer apresentar vários sintomas, a dor é o mais temido. Pesquisas realizadas pela OMS, na década de 1980, elegeram a dor, associada às neoplasias, como uma emergência médica mundial. Objetivo: Avaliar os métodos do tratamento da dor em pacientes oncológicos, proporcionado ao paciente conforto. Método e materiais: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva, utilizando como fontes artigos em bases de dados do Scielo e Google Acadêmico publicados entre 2012 a 2019 e no livro Câncer Estadiamento e Tratamento de João Carlos Simões. Palavras-chaves: dor oncológica, métodos medicamentosos, tratamento. Resultados: É imprescindível considerar o relato da experiência dolorosa do paciente para que os profissionais consigam identificar à origem, intensidade e localização; indiquem o melhor tratamento. Os seis principais métodos de controle da dor nesses pacientes são: pela boca, pelo relógio (administrados em intervalos fixos), pela escada analgésica, para o individuo, o uso de adjuvantes (para aumentar a analgesia e controlar efeitos adversos), atenção aos detalhes (observar os benefícios e malefícios). Existem métodos para o tratamento como os físicos (como TENS), mecânicos (massagens) e cognitivos (procedimentos psicológicos). Na escala analgésica observam-se não opiáceos, onde o aumento de dose não produz maior efeito analgésico (anti-inflamatórios não hormonais e analgésicos simples); os analgésicos opiáceos que incluem todas as drogas que tem ação morphinelike nos receptores opiáceos endógenos, divididos em: fracos (codeína, tramadol) e fortes (morfina, metadona, fentanil, oxicodona). Conclusão: O controle da dor no âmbito da oncologia é de extrema importância, pois repercute no estado geral, principalmente, na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nesse processo, os fármacos são fundamentais no tratamento de suporte a efetuar nesses pacientes.