bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of an extant batch respirometric assay in describing dynamics of ammonia and nitrite oxidation in a nitrifying bioreactor
Authors: Chandran K. , Hu Z. , Smets B.F.
Published: May 2018

Several techniques have been proposed for biokinetic estimation of nitrification. Recently, an extant respirometric assay has been presented that yields kinetic parameters for both nitrification steps with minimal physiological change to the microorganisms during the assay. Herein, the ability of biokinetic parameter estimates from the extant respirometric assay to adequately describe concurrently obtained NH4+-N and NO2−-N substrate depletion profiles is evaluated. Based on our results, in general, the substrate depletion profiles resulted in a higher estimate of the maximum specific growth rate coefficient, μmax for both NH4+-N to NO2−-N oxidation and NO2−-N to NO3−-N oxidation compared to estimates from the extant respirograms. The trends in the kinetic parameter estimates from the different biokinetic estimation techniques are paralleled in the nature of substrate depletion profiles obtained from best-fit parameters. Based on a visual inspection, in general, best-fit parameters from optimally designed complete respirograms provided a better description of the substrate depletion profiles than estimates from isolated respirograms. Nevertheless, the sum of the squared errors for the best-fit respirometry based parameters was outside the 95% joint confidence interval computed for the best-fit substrate depletion based parameters. Notwithstanding the difference in kinetic parameter estimates determined in this study, the different biokinetic estimation techniques still are close to estimates reported in literature. Additional parameter identifiability and sensitivity analysis of parameters from substrate depletion assays revealed high precision of parameters and high parameter correlation. Although biokinetic estimation via automated extant respirometry is far more facile than via manual substrate depletion measurements, additional sensitivity analyses are needed to test the impact of differences in the resulting parameter values on continuous reactor performance.
Impact of sewage sludge applications on the biogeochemistry of soils
Authors: Devaney D. , Godley A. R. , Hodson M. E. , Purdy K. , Yamulki S.
Published: May 2018

Unfortunately an incorrect version of Figure 4 appears on p517 of this paper; the correct version is as printed below. A sentence (“Increased N2O emissions…. Conversely”) should then also be deleted from the corresponding paragraph of the main text as printed on pp516–517; the correct version of this paragraph is also given below. The authors and publisher regret any confusion or inconvenience this may have caused.
Influence of microbial activity on polar xenobiotic degradation in activated sludge systems
Authors: Majewsky M. , Gallé T. , Zwank L. , Fischer K.
Published: May 2018

Publisher‘s note. We very much regret that in production certain errors were introduced into the above article. We wish to apologise to authors and readers for these errors and any confusion that may have been caused: the corrections are given below.
Caracteristicas fisico-quimicas e compostos bioativos de umbu-caja em dois estádios de maturação
Authors: Sousa Francinalva Cordeiro de , Silva Luzia Marcia de Melo , Moreira Inácia dos Santos , Castro Deise de Souza , Lins Analha Dyalla Feitosa , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade , Nunes Ernane Nogueira
Published: May 2018

A região Nordeste é um berço natural de frutas tropicais e exóticas. A umbu-cajazeira, na região nordestina apresenta potencialidades de cultivo e perspectivas de comercialização, o que objetivou este trabalho avaliar a qualidade física, química e físico-química da polpa in natura de seus frutos em dois estádios de maturação. Com a polpa pode produzir diversos produtos como, sucos com alto teor de polpa, suco em pó, sorvetes, doces, geleia, compotas, bebidas mistas. O processamento desses frutos tem sido uma alternativa viável para favorecer a diminuição de perdas por ser um produto perecível e agregar valor aos subprodutos, além da geração de renda aos pequenos produtores rurais. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os frutos semimaduros apresentaram maior acidez total, pH baixo e menor teor de sólidos solúveis e açúcares redutores, no entanto esses frutos apresentaram em sua constituição química maiores resultados para flavonoides, vitamina C e taninos condensados, demostrando que a colheita deve ser realizada neste estádio de maturação, favorecendo o processo de comercialização garantido qualidade nutritiva. Estes resultados demonstram a capacidade antioxidante dos frutos de umbu-cajá.
Germinação de sementes e crescimento de Ormosia arborea em diferentes temperaturas e substratos
Authors: Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck , Souza Juliana Santos , Carvalho Júnior Manoel Braga , Souza Simone Alves , Bocchese Ricardo Anghinoni
Published: May 2018

A espécie olho-de-cabra pertence à família Fabaceae, ocorrendo principalmente na Floresta Pluvial Atlântica e latifoliada semidecídua; sua madeira é indicada para construção de móveis e a árvore é recomendada para arborização urbana, além de ser considerada medicinal. Levando-se em consideração seu potencial de utilização, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e substratos sobre as taxas de germinação e crescimento radicular inicial. As sementes utilizadas foram coletadas em áreas de Cerrado, Mato Grosso do Sul e submetidas a seis temperaturas, constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C e alternadas, 20-30 e 25-35 °C, em três tipos de substratos, areia, vermiculita e rolo de papel, em câmaras de germinação. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Os dados obtidos indicaram que a espécie necessita de um período de tempo maior que 15 dias para a formação de sua parte aérea e que o desenvolvimento do seu sistema radicular é mais rápido, com maior percentagem de germinação e vigor de sementes na temperatura de 30 °C, substrato areia. O melhor desenvolvimento das plântulas foi observado na temperatura alternada de 25-35 °C, também no substrato areia, sendo seus resultados estatisticamente superiores aos demais tratamentos.
Composition and ecological diversity of the ichthyofauna from the Namorados Dam, semi arid region of Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Marinho Randolpho Savio de Araújo , Torelli Jane Enisa Ribeiro , Crispim Maria Cristina , Costa Dimítri Costa de Araújo , Peixoto Gabriela Marques , Silva Aline Sousa
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to characterize the composition and ecological diversity of the ichthyofauna from the Namorados Dam, in the semi arid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Samples were collected between January 2006 and July 2007, in morning and afternoon shifts, using different fishing gear. Ecological diversity was calculated using diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener (H'), richness (D') and evenness (J'), using the average abundance of the species. 176 individuals were collected throughout the analyzed period, being represented by 2 orders, 4 families of 5 species. With the exception of January 2006, the composition did not show specific changes, with equal predominance of the species Cichlassoma orientale and Steindachnerina notonota. Throughout the period of 2007, the prevalence was of the Order Perciformes, with dominance of the species C. orientale, which may have been caused by a population decline of Oreochromis niloticus. The lower diversity observed (H'=0,46) was due to the lower species richness (3) and the predominance of the species C. orientale in the same period. During the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 low diversity indexes were registered (H'=0,60 e H'=0,46) due to lower species richness (2 and 3), and dominance of O. niloticus and C. orientale. The dry season presented an average diversity of H'=0,90, which corresponds to a slight increase in species richness (5). We conclude that in this environment there is a weak annual variation in the fish assemblage, as well as in the species richness associated with seasonality of the region.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the fixed oil of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (Fabaceae) seeds
Authors: Lima Filipe Gutierre Carvalho de , Silva Maria Arlene Pessoa da , Freitas Beatriz Tupinambá , Freitas José Carlos Marques , Teixeira Claudener de Souza , Bezerra José Weverton Almeida
Published: May 2018

Bacterial resistance to current drugs is a major public health problem worldwide. The search for biologically active compounds that act synergistically with antibiotics for their use at lower concentrations would be of great help in overcoming bacterial resistance. Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, also known as sucupira-preta or sucupira-do-cerrado, is a species of the family LeguminosaePapilionoidea that occurs in both primary and secondary formations, always in fast-draining areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate of antibiotic modulation through of the fixed oil from the seeds of B. virgiloides activity. . The seeds showed a considerable amount of oil, with a yield of approximately 11%. The oil did not inhibit bacterial growth, but its combination with the antibiotics tested produced growth inhibition. Our data indicated that the oil extracted from B. virgiloides seeds has no antibacterial activity at clinically relevant concentrations, but when combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics, it showed modulatory activity, lowering the antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative strains.
Desempenho produtivo e análise econômica das espécies tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758) e carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) (Linnaeus, 1758) cultivadas em viveiros escavados
Authors: Marinho Fabiana Bezerra , Crispim Maria Cristina , Torelli Jane Enisa Ribeiro , Peixoto Gabriela Marques , Cardoso Maria Marcolina Lima
Published: May 2018

Avaliou-se o uso de ração alternativa com resíduos agroindustriais na alimentação de tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) e carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio), em sistema de policultivo, conduzido em dois viveiros escavados, situados no assentamento Estiva do Geraldo, município de Lucena-PB. Para a coleta dos dados biométricos as amostras foram compostas de 5% dos indivíduos estocada em cada viveiro, sendo esta mesma porcentagem utilizada para calcular a biomassa e reajustar a quantidade de ração ao peso dos indivíduos, aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias de cultivo. Foram realizados dois tratamentos: Ração Alternativa, à base de restos de hortifrutigranjeiros, varredura de cevada, raspa de mandioca, farelo de coco, sangue in natura, fosfato bicálcico, premix mineral e vitamínico; e Ração Comercial. A tilápia apresentou melhor desempenho produtivo quando alimentada com a ração comercial. Enquanto que com a carpa ocorreu o inverso, cresceram mais no viveiro em que se aplicou a ração alternativa. Conclui-se que, a ração alternativa foi mais eficiente para a carpa que para a tilápia, mas analisando os lucros que seriam obtidos pela venda dos peixes, vê-se que são muito semelhantes, em virtude da ração alternativa ser muito mais barata, e poder ser preparada com facilidade em regime de aquicultura familiar.
Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Oxidative Stress Enzymes’ Gene Using Healthy Donor Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Evaluating the Anti-Aging Property
Authors: Taeb Mahsa , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Mortazavi-Jahromi Seyed Shahabeddin , Zainodini Nahid , Mirzaei Mohammad Reza , Jafarnezhad-Ansariha Fahimeh , Aghazadeh Zahra , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: May 2018

Objective:

This research aimed to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of low and high doses of the β-D-mannuronic (M2000) on gene expression of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GST, GPX1, CAT, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors under in vitro conditions.

Methods:

The PBMCs were separated and the RNAs were then extracted and the cDNAs synthesized, and expression levels of the mentioned genes were detected by qRT-PCR.

Results:

Our results indicated that the high dose of this drug could significantly reduce the expression level of the SOD2 gene compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that the high dose of this drug could significantly decrease the expression level of the GST gene compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). However, no significant reductions were observed in expression levels of the CAT and GPX1 genes compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, our data revealed that the level of iNOS and MPO gene expression was significantly reduced, in both doses of M2000, respectively, compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

This research showed that M2000 as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive properties could modify oxidative stress through lowering expression levels of the SOD2, GST, iNOS, and MPO genes compared to the healthy expression levels, with a probable reduction of the risk of developing inflammatory diseases related to age and aging.
Cell-Free Fetal DNA: A Novel Biomarker for Early Prediction of Pre-eclampsia and Other Obstetric Complications
Authors: Kumar Naina , Singh Amit Kant
Published: May 2018

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, especially Pre-eclampsia is one of the major causes of increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality all over the world. Early prediction of pre-eclampsia is the need of modern obstetrics, as this can timely prevent the progress of disease as well as related fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. In addition to the screening of fetal aneuploidies, Rhesus-D status, fetal sex, single gene disorders, the cell-free fetal Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification has emerged as a promising biomarker for the prediction of pre-eclampsia. Hence, its use can help in the early prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia even before the appearance of symptoms. Furthermore, in future, it can also help in the determination of the complete DNA sequence of every gene of the fetus. The present review focuses on recent literature concerning the use of cell-free fetal DNA in early prediction of preeclampsia as well as for non-invasive prenatal genetic screening of fetus for various disorders.

 Methods: The recent literature related to cell-free fetal DNA was searched from numerous English language journals and published peer-reviewed articles on Pubmed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and various government agencies till 2016.
Anti-glioma Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Dasatinib Combination Therapy in an in vivo Rat Glioma Model
Authors: Balkhi Henah Mehraj , Haq Ehtishamul , Gul Taseen , Sana Syed
Published: May 2018

Background:

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Dasatinib in combination, when used incongruous
proportions and durations, present an antitumor potential for glioma in vitro, suggesting a high therapeutic potential
for glioma treatment.

Objective:

In the present study, we addressed the question whether CAPE and Dasatinib target multiple pathways
involved in tumor growth, proliferation and development on an in vivo rat model of glioma.

Method:

Expression analysis of proteins thought to be mediating proliferation, cell motility, angiogenesis, and
invasion was carried out to delineate the antineoplastic action of CAPE and Dasatinib.

Results:

CAPE and Dasatinib modulate the expression of proteins having potential interactive crosstalk with
major oncogenic pathways involved in glioma progression. Our results showed that combination treatment
modulates the expression of p53 in group co-administered with CAPE and Dasatinib after glioma induction in
comparison to the group induced with glioma only. EGFR and PCNA expression were significantly altered in
the co-treated group in comparison with the glioma-induced group. The effects of CAPE and Dasatinib treatment
were further evaluated on the AKT pathway by Western blot analysis. The co-treated group showed a
significant reduction in the expression of AKT. The histopathological analysis further backed the antiproliferative
and anti invasive effects of CAPE and Dasatinib.

Conclusion:

This study in totality suggests that the combinational therapy remarkably reduces the proliferation
of glioma cells in vivo, suggesting that CAPE and Dasatinib therapy could be exploited for the management of
gliomas without showing drug-related resistances and side effects, suggesting a high therapeutic potential of the
therapy in glioma.
Drugs for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Gomez-Casati Diego F. , Busi Maria V.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Mitochondrial diseases are a complex group of pathologies caused by
mutations in genes coded in the nuclear and/or the mitochondrial DNA, which fulfill their function
in the organelle. The diagnosis is also complex, since it depends on the integration of biochemical,
histological and imaging data.

Objective:

In this paper we review the use of some of these substances and their efficacy in the
treatment of these disorders.

Conclusions: Currently, there is not a fully effective treatment, however, it was demonstrated that
the use of some vitamins, amino acids, antioxidants along with a proper diet and exercise have an
important effect that leads to improve the overall state of patients with mitochondrial disorders.
Implementing Internet-Based Self-Care Programs in Primary Care: Qualitative Analysis of Determinants of Practice for Patients and Providers
Authors: Hermes Eric , Burrone Laura , Perez Elliottnell , Martino Steve , Rowe Michael
Published: May 2018

Background

Access to evidence-based interventions for common mental health conditions is limited due to geographic distance, scheduling, stigma, and provider availability. Internet-based self-care programs may mitigate these barriers. However, little is known about internet-based self-care program implementation in US health care systems.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify determinants of practice for internet-based self-care program use in primary care by eliciting provider and administrator perspectives on internet-based self-care program implementation.

Methods

The objective was explored through qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with primary care providers and administrators from the Veterans Health Administration. Participants were identified using a reputation-based snowball design. Interviews focused on identifying determinants of practice for the use of internet-based self-care programs at the point of care in Veterans Health Administration primary care. Qualitative analysis of transcripts was performed using thematic coding.

Results

A total of 20 physicians, psychologists, social workers, and nurses participated in interviews. Among this group, internet-based self-care program use was relatively low, but support for the platform was assessed as relatively high. Themes were organized into determinants active at patient and provider levels. Perceived patient-level determinants included literacy, age, internet access, patient expectations, internet-based self-care program fit with patient experiences, interest and motivation, and face-to-face human contact. Perceived provider-level determinants included familiarity with internet-based self-care programs, changes to traditional care delivery, face-to-face human contact, competing demands, and age.

Conclusions

This exploration of perspectives on internet-based self-care program implementation among Veterans Health Administration providers and administrators revealed key determinants of practice, which can be used to develop comprehensive strategies for the implementation of internet-based self-care programs in primary care settings.
Analysis of the Link between Central Government and Local Government in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Union Parishad
Authors: Akter Samia , Hasan Mamun Md Mahmud
Published: May 2018

Local government is one of the most significant parts of the central government. In the past, the control of central government over local government was minimal. Afterward, several presidential orders were notified to raise the power of local government. However, power and authority of local government were increased with pen and paper but not in practice. In this study, the scenario of the Union Parishad was analyzed as a part of local government, since it has to perform many activities with the scarcity of resources. The objective of this analysis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between the effects of limited resources to the activities of Union Parishad. In this research, data was collected from some local government representatives and some personnel of Ishwardi Upazila, Bangladesh through questionnaire and interview. First, the study reveals that local government always faces several particular problems due to lack of resources in case of distribution of relief cards to the poor villagers, a donation in disaster and exceptional circumstances, a contribution in educational and religious institutions, etc. The graphical analysis demonstrated the scenario between the requisitions of the Union Parishad to the central government and the percentage of those requisitions actually fulfilled. The outputs of this study summarized that the actual supply from central government was minuscule than the demand of Union Parishad. Hence, it could not deliver services accurately. Some recommendations have been provided to overcome the problems of a Union Parishad, which include that the government should enhance Annual Development Programme (ADP) allocation to ensure people’s participation in formulating and implementing development projects, and the control of the Union Parishad over the local resources has to be increased.
Mobilising a Nation: RDM Training and Education in South Africa
Authors: Matlatse Refiloe , Pienaar Heila , Van Deventer Martie
Published: May 2018

The South African Network of Data and Information Curation Communities (NeDICC) was formed to promote the development and use of standards and best practices among South African data stewards and data librarians (NeDICC, 2015). The steering committee has members from various South African HEIs and research councils. As part of their service offerings NeDICC arranges seminars, workshops and conferences to promote awareness regarding digital curation. NeDICC has contributed to the increase in awareness, and growth of knowledge, on the subject of digital and data curation in South Africa (Kahn et al.,2014).NeDICC members are involved in the UP M.IT and Continued Professional Development training, and serve as external examiners for the UCT M.Phil in Digital Curation degree. NeDICC is responsible for the Research Data Management track at the annual e-Research conference in SA1and develops an annual training-focussed programme to provide workshop opportunities with both SA and foreign trainers. This paper specifically addresses the efforts by this community to mobilise and upskill South African librarians so that they would be willing and able to provide the necessary RDM services that would strengthen the national data effort.

1eResearch conference: http://www.eresearch.ac.za/
Detecting atypical functioning of emotional processing in Colombian ex-combatants
Authors: Rodríguez-Calvach Mónica V. , Quintero-Zea Andrés , Trujillo-Orrego Sandra P. , Trujillo-Orrego Natalia , López-Hincapié José D.
Published: May 2018

The reincorporation process of Colombian ex-combatants is hindered by their chronic exposure to violence, which affects their Emotional Processing (EP). Characterizing their EP will contribute to their reinsertion. The objective of this work is to define an EEG-based brain connectivity approach to identify differences in EP between Colombian ex-combatants and individuals who were not directly exposed to the armed conflict. The proposed approach involves defining the Regions of Interest (ROI) and selecting one of five commonly used brain connectivity metrics: Correlation, Cross-Correlation, Coherence, Imaginary part of Coherency, and Phase-Lag Index. Significant differences were found in the positive valence stimuli in the Beta frequency band. These results support the previously reported trend in the literature regarding the difficulties ex-combatants have to process emotional information with positive valence.
A violência na perspectiva histórica e sociológica de Gilberto Freyre em “Casa Grande e Senzala”
Authors: Tombini Leila , Nunes Jacondino Eduardo
Published: May 2018

O texto é resultado da análise da obra ‘Casa Grande e Senzala’, de Gilberto Freire. Importante sociólogo brasileiro e um dos grandes interpretes nacionais. Análise feita com o objetivo de investigarmos o fenômeno da violência, de modo a compreendermos como esta (a violência) se constituiu, desde a colonização, enquanto elemento intrínseco da sociabilidade brasileira. Violência, em grande medida, desencadeada pelo homem branco, colonizador, em direção as “raças inferiores”, indígenas e negros. Mesmo que o trabalho “pesado” tenha sido feito pelo negro, desde os tempos da “Casa Grande”, morada do Senhor/colonizador, percebe-se que o mesmo foi alvo permanente de práticas de violência por parte do colonizador. Fato que sucede a tentativa, fracassada, por parte do europeu, num primeiro momento, de colonizar o índio, morador nativo das terras brasileiras. Que, por sua vez, não se habituou aos costumes advindos da Europa e, em especial, à imposição do trabalho realizado nos engenhos de extração do açúcar. O interesse do colonizador pautou-se na extração de riquezas. Não servindo o índio, a esta função, foi utilizado o africano, na qualidade de escravo. Ora na produção agrícola, ora na manutenção da casa do senhor de engenho. Do ponto de vista das mulheres, indígenas e negras, estas tiveram participação especial no processo de colonização/miscigenação. No caso das mulheres negras, em especial, ora servindo como “reprodutoras”, ora cuidando da alimentação da família dos Senhores de engenho, ora cuidando dos filhos destes. Mulheres que foram humilhadas e violentadas duplamente, por vezes, uma vez que os senhores as usavam para satisfazer seus desejos e uma vez que as senhoras, esposas dos senhores de engenho, por vezes autorizavam a tortura destas mulheres; por conta do ciúme de sua beleza e ou por conta do envolvimento mais intenso, por parte de algum Senhor de Engenho, com estas. As mulheres indígenas, mais especificamente, contribuíram de forma mais significativa, para a colonização/miscigenação, do que os homens indígenas. Isto por conta de seu conhecimento no trato com os alimentos, por exemplo. Mulheres que caíam facilmente nas graças do homem branco, em troca de serem presenteadas “com qualquer objeto”. O indígena era ingênuo, o português, sagaz. A formação do povo brasileiro foi feita por meio das mais diversas formas de violência, tais como aquelas advindas da imposição de costumes, por meio da escravidão, por meio da violência de gênero. A “casa grande” disparou várias formas de violência no tecido social brasileiro. Seja na forma de castigos físicos, seja na forma de torturas, humilhações e até mesmo por meio do extermínio de indivíduos/grupos sociais. Traços que demarcaram a identidade, a sociabilidade brasileira e que perduram no contemporâneo.
White Sangomas: the manifestation of Bantu forms of shamanic calling among whites in South Africa
Authors: Kleinhempel Ullrich Relebogilwe
Published: May 2018

South Africa is one of some few countries where sizeable communities of black and white people live together which have preserved their distinct cultures. Other than in the Americas, South Africa has a black majority with the Bantu African languages and cultural institutions largely preserved – and it has the most marked history of segregation. Thus few elements of Bantu cultures have been adopted by white South Africans. Yet in recent years a core element of Bantu culture, the shamanism and mediumism of the “Sangomas”, has begun to manifest itself among whites in South Africa – in the characteristic forms of such “calling”. Interestingly this has not happened by “cultural learning” in significant cases.  This requires a different model of explanation. In this essay Rupert Sheldrake’s theory of “morphogenetic fields” will be applied to this phenomenon and its implications considered.
Monilukutaidosta monitieteisesti
Authors: Satokangas Henri
Published: May 2018

Arvioitu teos:

Marjo Räsänen: Visuaalisen kulttuurin monilukukirja. Helsinki: Aalto-yliopiston taiteiden ja suunnittelun korkeakoulu 2015. 415 s. isbn 978-952-60-6128-3.
Katsaus pohjoismaisiin sosio-onomastisiin tutkimusaiheisiin
Authors: Sjöblom Paula
Published: May 2018

Arvioitu teos:

Terhi Ainiala & Jan-Ola Östman (toim.): Socio-onomastics. The pragmatics of names. Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 275. Amsterdam: John Benjamins 2017. 231 s. isbn 978-90-272-5680-5.
Making HPV vaccines efficient: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and the Economic Assemblage of Healthcare in Colombia
Authors: Maldonado Castañeda Oscar Javier
Published: May 2018

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a strategy of calculation whose main objective is to compare for making decisions about the best, the most efficient solution (costs vs. benefits) to a particular problem. Cost-effectiveness analysis not only provides a framework to compare healthcare interventions which in practice seem incommensurable; it also performs a set of assumptions regarding the nature of healthcare and the behaviour of individuals. This article analyses the role of CEA as a device to produce value in the introduction of HPV vaccines in Colombia. In the different institutional pathways and decision-making scenarios cost-effectiveness has been the key issue that justified the inclusions and the exclusions that such technology entails. Cost-effectiveness has justified the definition of girls as the population target and the exclusion of boys from risks and benefits of this technology. Moreover, cost-effectiveness analysis has been a key instrument in the sexualising and de-sexualising of cervical cancer and HPV vaccines through the rationalisation of economic benefits.
Investigación bibliointegrativa de las tesis de pre-grado y post-grado sobre biodiversidad en las universidades de Lima, Perú
Authors: Iannacone José , Romero Seid , Guabloche Angélica , Alvariño Lorena
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una investigación bibliointegrativa de las tesis de pre-grado y post-grado sobre biodiversidad en las Universidades de Lima, Perú entre los años 1989 y 2014. El estudio fue descriptivo, causa-efecto, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron 126 tesis repartidas en 99 tesis de pregrado y 27 de posgrado relacionadas a la temática de biodiversidad. Se presentaron como promedio 4,8 tesis por año. Del total de tesis, 71% fueron publicadas en repositorios de sus respectivas universidades digitalmente y 29% no se encontraban en línea. Las universidades que presentaron mayor cantidad de tesis fueron las nacionales con el 72 %. El tipo de investigación mostró una mayor cantidad de tesis con aná- lisis descriptivo (59%), seguido del análisis descriptivo-inferencial (47%). El mayor porcentaje según especialidad fue para Biología (83%), seguido de Ingeniería Forestal e Ingeniería Ambiental. En relación a la identidad taxonómica, la fauna fue la más estudiada, seguido de la flora y la microbiana (bacterias, virus, protozoos y algas). Las tres ecorregiones más investigadas fueron el Desierto del Pacífico, Selva Baja y la Sierra Esteparia. Se concluye que si bien hay un incremento en los trabajos de investigación desde el año 2001 hasta el 2014, estos son insuficientes en el tema de biodiversidad, considerando que el Perú se encuentra entre los diez países más megadiversos en el mundo.
Rol de la lingüística en el estudio de los trastornos del lenguaje
Authors: Castro-Torres John
Published: May 2018

El artículo presenta los antecedentes de la lingüística clínica, una subdisciplina de la lingüística aplicada. Precisa su objeto de estudio, expone sus objetivos y explica su importancia en el mundo académico médico. Asimismo, da cuenta del trabajo del lingüista que se interese por los trastornos del lenguaje.
La ciudad y la heterogeneidad social en el proceso de modernización desde la perspectiva del humor en la novela vanguardista La casa de cartón de Martín Adán
Authors: Aguilar Ponce Emma
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evidenciar el cuestionamiento del proceso de modernización desde la perspectiva del humor en el fragmento n°.35: “En la azotea…” de la novela vanguardista La casa de cartón (1928), de Martín Adán. En este sentido, se analiza la ambivalencia del humor en el personaje narrador, poeta, paseante, ya que presenta una consciencia humorística, irónica y satírica ante la idea del progreso contextualizado en los años veinte del siglo XX.
Accurate local magnitude prediction for small to moderate earthquakes using rapid calculations of P-wave dominant period
Authors: Prastowo Tjipto , Mahanani Berla Maghda Putri , Cholifah Latifatul , Ngkoimani La Ode , Safiuddin La Ode
Published: May 2018

This study examines mechanisms of rapid and accurate determination of local magnitude Mpd for small to moderate events that occurred in West Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi using direct procedures and calculations of the dominant period Td of P-waveforms. Secondary data were collected from Webdc3, comprising earthquake magnitudes in the regions of interest during 2008-2015 measured in MW. The study focuses on earthquake size estimates for local events as a parameter through simple evaluation of a linear equation relating Td to MW. For all the events considered, empirical formulas derived from the random data for estimating the size are, respectively, Mpd = (Td + 6.6799)/1.5199 for West Sulawesi and Mpd = (Td + 3.3648)/0.8464 for Central Sulawesi. Each was used to recalculate events in the two regions. The results were compared to the reference provided by the Global CMT catalog. The results are consistent with the reference having a standard deviation of up to 0.2, showing evidence of no significant difference in magnitude determination between the method proposed in the current study and that of the Global CMT. This suggests that rapid and accurate magnitude determination is best predicted by the empirical formula developed for each region in this study for future use of disaster risk reduction program.
Effects of storage conditions and duration on cobalamin concentration in serum samples from cats and dogs
Authors: Kempf Jennifer , Melliger Roger H. , Reusch Claudia E. , Kook Peter H.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of storage conditions and duration on cobalamin concentration in serum samples from dogs and cats.

DESIGN Experiment.

SAMPLE Serum samples from 9 client-owned cats and 9 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Serum harvested from freshly obtained blood samples was separated into 11 aliquots/animal. One aliquot (baseline sample) was routinely transported in light-protected tubes to the laboratory for cobalamin assay; each of the remaining aliquots was stored in a refrigerator (6°C; n = 5) or at room temperature (20°C) with exposure to daylight (5) for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 hours. Aliquots were subsequently wrapped in aluminum foil, frozen (−20°C), and then transported to the laboratory for measurement of cobalamin concentration, all in the same run. Percentage decrease in cobalamin concentration from baseline was analyzed by means of linear mixed modeling.

RESULTS No differences in cobalamin values were identified between cats and dogs; therefore, data for both species were analyzed together. Median baseline serum cobalamin concentration was 424 ng/L (range, 178 to 1,880 ng/L). Values for serum samples stored with daylight exposure at room temperature were significantly lower over time than were values for refrigerated samples. Although values for refrigerated samples did not decrease significantly from baseline values over time, values for the other storage condition did; however, the mean percentage decrease for serum samples stored at room temperature was small (0.14%/h; 95% confidence interval, 0.07% to 0.21%/h).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, serum cobalamin concentration appeared stable for 5 days when feline and canine serum samples were refrigerated at 6°C. The effect of light and room temperature on serum cobalamin concentration, although significant, was quite small for samples stored with these exposures for the same 5-day period.
Methodology for the Improvement of Large District Heating Networks
Authors: Volkova Anna , Mashatin Vladislav , Hlebnikov Aleksander , Siirde Andres
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is to offer a methodology for the evaluation of large district heating networks. The methodology includes an analysis of heat generation and distribution based on the models created in the TERMIS and EnergyPro software Data from the large-scale Tallinn district heating system was used for the approbation of the proposed methodology as a basis of the case study. The effective operation of the district heating system, both at the stage of heat generation and heat distribution, can reduce the cost of heat supplied to the consumers. It can become an important factor for increasing the number of district heating consumers and demand for the heat load, which in turn will allow installing new cogeneration plants, using renewable energy sources and heat pump technologies
Enhancing Transdisciplinary Learning through Community-Based Design Projects: Results from a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Payne Lindsey , Jesiek Brent
Published: May 2018

To address complex sustainability challenges, solutions are needed that integrate the biophysical and sociocultural dimensions of sustainability. Engineers designing these solutions must be technically adept problem solvers, as well as effective at integrating the non-technical dimensions of sustainability into their design solutions. This paper reports on educational interventions in both a university engineering course and engineering service-learning skill sessions. Using a mixed methods assessment approach to investigate the interventions, data were collected using a variety of instruments and analyzed using thematic analysis and appropriate statistical tests. Our findings include an increase in students’ awareness and understanding of non-technical dimensions in design, and suggest that a transdisciplinary knowledge production model may enhance students’ abilities to integrate non-technical dimensions, as well as engage with stakeholders, in community-based design projects. This study advances understanding of appropriate learning environments, teaching methods, and assessment tools for developing engineering competencies in sustainability problem solving.
Self Help Groups as an Instrument of Socio-Economic change in rural areas of Bhopal.
Authors: Hasan Shumayela , Sharma S. D.
Published: May 2018

Women in the Indian perspective constitute a more orthodox and conservative section of society and this has been reflected throughout times immemorial. Therefore, their participation and empowerment in any walk of life are viewed as a sign of progress, particularly in the case of an economic field. The concept of SHGs has been a revolutionary breakthrough in the process of women empowerment and has resulted in their upliftment through elevating their status. Microfinance institution started in India in the 1980s through self-help groups (SHGs) model.Since then women empowerment through SHG (Self Help Group) based microfinance has been central to development agenda in India. Self-help group projects were launched by Government of India, with the financial assistance from IFAD and empower rural poor women through microfinance.This paper is an attempt to know, what is the impact SHGs as an instrument of socio-economic change through women empowerment and poverty eradication in the rural areas of Bhopal, In which microfinance plays a pivotal role.
Determinants of Household Food Security of Small Scale Farmers in Gedarif and Rahad Localities "High Agriculture Production Area" of Eastern Sudan
Authors: Hamed ElNeel Faiez Ahmed  Mohamed
Published: May 2018

The study aims to assess the determinants of small scale farmer household food security among Gedarif and Rahad localities from eastern Sudan. Data used relies heavily on the results of sample survey of 336 households in 8 villages collected during 2014. Analytical techniques employed included descriptive statistics, and multinomial regression model. The study has shown that, land, credit access; and technology using in agriculture are most factors determining household food security in the study area. In the light of the findings from the study, it is recommended that policy makers should increase effort to make micro-credit accessible to rural farmers targeting agriculture and livestock sector to create more income and food diversification, therefore using technology, extension, and training.
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Penggajian Untuk Membantu Manajemen Keuangan Dalam Pengolahan Usaha
Authors: Susanti Mira , Hidayatullah Rasman
Published: May 2018

Era globalisasi juga berpengaruh pada lingkungan bisnis dalam pengolahan data berupa transaksi seperti penggajian. Jika proses perhitungan penggajian lambat dan rentan terhadap kesalahan dapat menimbulkan ketidakpuasan antara karyawan dengan manajemen serta penggunaan sistem yang masih konvensional juga menyebabkan keamanan data tidak terjamin  maka diperlukan sistem yang mendukung kebutuhan manajemen berupa sistem informasi penggajian untuk meminimalkan kesalahan yang dapat digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran usaha. Metode yang digunakan adalah System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) yang menjadi  pedoman dalam  merancang dan mengembangkan sistem informasi. Sistem informasi penggajian yang sudah diimplementasikan mampu menghasilkan laporan penggajian yang akurat berupa  bukti pinjaman, rekap gaji  karyawan sehingga memudahkan dalam mengontrol usaha yang berkaitan dengan keuntungan untuk menciptakan manajemen keuangan yang bagus.
Anjos Marcados: Um estudo da microcefalia no campo da medicina e das ciências jurídicas no Brasil.
Authors: Rodrigues Frank Aguiar
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo aborda o tema ANJOS MARCADOS: Um estudo da microcefalia no campo da medicina e das ciências jurídicas no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar os avanços e entraves sobre questões envolvendo crianças diagnosticadas com microcefalia. Para compreender o surto epidemiológico de microcefalia no país foi relevante realizar uma contextualização histórica dos casos dessa doença antes e após 2015. No segundo momento apresentam-se os direitos fundamentais das pessoas com deficiência, em particular a crianças com microcefalia causada pelo Zika vírus. Outro ponto que expôs nesse trabalho foi o uso de derivados da maconha para tratamento de saúde, seja o tratamento realizado de forma clandestina ou aquele que foi autorizado pela justiça. A metodologia utilizada nessa pesquisa é baseada na revisão bibliográfica. Adentrando ao campo da medicina e ao campo jurídico.
Fixação de carbono em sistemas agroecológicos na região do Vale do São Patrício, Goiás
Authors: Andrade Júnior José Aparecido de , Souza Blayder Ribeiro de , Souza Rodrigo Fernandes , Moura Jadson Belem de
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a massa verde de cobertura, massa seca de serapilheira e o carbono do solo em cinco sistemas agroecológicos, Sistema Agrosilvopastoril, Sistema Agroflorestal, Programa Agroecológico Integrado e Sustentável, Isolamento de Nascente, e Isolamento de Mata Ciliar, em três idades de implantação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizados com os tratamentos dispostos em um fatorial de 5x3 com três repetições, onde um fator é composto pelos sistemas de cultivo. Nos valores de fixação de carbono em biomassa verde fresca superficial sem considerar a idade de implantação dos sistemas, o tratamento SASP foi superior aos tratamentos SAF, PAIS, isolamento de nascente e mata ciliar; Nos valores de carbono fixado em massa seca de serapilheira, desconsiderando a idade de implantação do sistema, os tratamentos isolamento de Nascente e Mata ciliar apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores que os tratamentos SASP, SAF e PAIS; Nos valores de massa verde de cobertura, considerando a idade de implantação dos sistemas, os tratamentos recém implantados apresentaram valores estatisticamente inferiores que as áreas com 2 anos de e 4 anos de implantação; Não houve diferença mínima significativa ao analisar os valores de massa seca de serapilheira em diferentes épocas de implantação dos sistemas; Levando em consideração a idade de implantação verificou-se que os sistemas agroecológicos implantados há dois anos se destacaram em relação aos demais; Quanto à fixação de carbono no solo desconsiderando a idade de implantação, os sistemas de isolamento de nascentes e de mata ciliares foram superiores aos demais; Ao analisar o comportamento dos estoques de carbono de biomassa verde de cobertura no SAF, não foi identificado diferença estatística entre as idades de implantação do sistema; Não houveram diferenças estatística para os valores de massa Verde e massa seca nas diferentes épocas de implantação no PAIS; Nos valores de fixação de carbono no solo no PAIS, o sistema com idade de implantação de dois anos foi superior ao sistema recém implantado, que por sua vez, foi superior ao sistema com idade de implantação de 4 anos; Ao avaliar o comportamento dos estoques de carbono com o passar do tempo no tratamento Isolamento de Nascentes, os valores de Massa Verde sofreram incremento com o passar do tempo, onde as áreas com 4 anos de implantação apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores que os demais tratamentos; Não foi observado diferença mínima significativa estatística ao se investigar os valores de carbono fixados em isolamento de matas ciliares
A implementação de repositório institucional da Academia de Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás
Authors: Silva Fernando Ferraz
Published: May 2018

A crescente inserção de novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) nos serviços de informação aponta para a necessidade de adotar novas formas de gestão do conhecimento e da informação. Ao propor a implementação de um repositório institucional que atenda às exigências para conservação e disseminação da informação de diferentes materiais digitais, a Biblioteca Goiandira do Couto, torna-se a responsável pela divulgação acadêmica produzida pelos cursos da Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás.
A importância da preparação do policial quanto ao uso da força letal
Authors: Campos Alexandre Flecha
Published: May 2018

Optou – se por essa temática por entender que se deve investir cada vez mais no treinamento policial, tornando oprofissional melhor preparado, atualizado e qualificado para exercer suas atividades em conformidade com a lei eespecialmente com os direitos Humanos, no respeito e na preservação da vida, e à altura da expectativa almejada pela sociedade brasileira.
Uso de medicamentos ansiolíticos em Policiais Militares
Authors: Dutra Renato Amorim , Barbosa Eliana
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo verificou o uso de medicamentos ansiolíticos, drogas depressoras do sistema nervoso central, por policiais do 4º Batalhão de Polícia Militar do município de Cacoal – Rondônia – Brasil. Foram selecionados oitenta policiais militares de um efetivo de cento e noventa e três, correspondendo a 41,45%, considerando o nome de cadastro e começando com as letras B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, T, V, X e Z. Na coleta dos dados, foi adotado um questionário padronizado, com questões fechadas e não identificadas, as quais continham perguntas referentes ao consumo de medicamentos ansiolíticos, tempo de trabalho na instituição e se faziam ou não terapias para reduzir a tensão nervosa. Os dados revelaram que 30 policiais militares, 37,5%, já fizeram uso, em algum momento da vida, de medicamentos ansiolíticos. Assim, de acordo com a classificação de uso da Organização Mundial de Saúde, a freqüência de uso na amostra pesquisada é superior aos índices da população em geral, possivelmente, em função das situações de tensão da profissão que, de alguma forma, favorece o surgimento de alterações psíquicas e emocionais.