bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of positron emission tomography ventilation-perfusion matching with CT densitometry in severe emphysema
Authors: Bonney Asha , Wagner Carrie-Anne , Siva Shankar , Callahan Jason , Le Roux Pierre-Yves , Pascoe Diane M. , Irving Louis , Hofman Michael S. , Steinfort Daniel P.
Published: July 2020

Background

Emphysema severity is frequently measured on CT via densitometry. Correlation with scintigraphic and spirometric functional measures of ventilation or perfusion varies widely, and no prior study has evaluated correlation between densitometry and lobar ventilation/perfusion in patients with severe emphysema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and findings of gallium-68 (68Ga) ventilation/perfusion positron emission tomography-CT (68Ga-VQ/PET-CT) in severe emphysema assessment.

Methods

Fourteen consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction between March 2015 and March 2018 underwent 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT assessment for lobar functional lung mapping, in addition to CT densitometry. Correlations between CT densitometry and 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT parameters for individual lobar lung function were sought.

Results

CT densitometry assessment of emphysema correlated only weakly (R2 = 0.13) with lobar perfusion and was not correlated with ventilation (R2 = 0.04). Densitometry was moderately (R2 = 0.67) correlated with V/Q units in upper lobes, though poorly reflected physiological function in lower lobes (R2 = 0.19). Emphysema severity, as measured by CT densitometry, was moderately correlated with proportion of normal V/Q units and matched V/Q defects in individual lobes.

Conclusions

Assessment of lobar pulmonary function by 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT provides physiologic information not evident on CT densitometry such as ventilation and perfusion specifics and matched defects. Further research is needed to see if the discordant findings on 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT provide prognostic information or can be used to modify patient management and improve outcomes.
Critical steps to tumor metastasis: alterations of tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix in the formation of pre-metastatic and metastatic niche
Authors: Zhuyan Jianan , Chen Mingyu , Zhu Tianhao , Bao Xunxia , Zhen Timing , Xing Kaichen , Wang Qiubo , Zhu Sibo
Published: July 2020

For decades, cancer metastasis has been a heated topic for its high mortality. Previous research has shown that pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche are the 2 crucial steps in cancer metastasis, assisting cancerous cells’ infiltration, survival, and colonization at target sites. More recent studies have unraveled details about the specific mechanisms related to the modification of pro-invasion environments. Here, we will review literatures on extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, general cancer metastasis, organ specificity, pre-metastatic niche, metastatic niche, colony formation and impact on the course of metastasis. Respectively, the metastatic mechanisms like effect of hypoxia or inflammation on pre-metastatic niche construction, as well as the interaction between cancer cells and local milieu will be discussed. Based on the evidences of metastatic niches, we revisit and discussed the “Seed and Soil” hypothesis by Paget. This review will seek to provide insight into the mechanism of metastatic organ specificity which pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche might suggest from an evolutionary aspect.
Safety and tolerability evaluation after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Baiza-Durán Leopoldo , Sánchez-Ríos Alejandra , González-Barón Joel , Olvera-Montaño Oscar , Correa-Gallegos Elba , Navarro-Sánchez Andrea , Muñoz-Villegas Patricia
Published: July 2020

Background

To evaluate the retinal toxicity after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit eyes.

Methods

NZW rabbits were injected intravitreally with PRO-169 (n = 12), 1.25 mg/0.05 ml or ranibizumab (n = 12), 0.5 mg/0.05 ml into the right eye (OD), whereas the left eye (OS) of each rabbit was used as control. Three consecutive injections were administered at 30-days intervals. An electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded 30 days after each injection. Clinical examination was conducted before and after injections, including intraocular pressure determination and eye fundus exploration. Eyes were enucleated and retina, cornea, conjunctiva, ciliary body and optic nerve were prepared for histopathology assessment.

Results

ERG of the experimental and control eyes in PRO-169 and ranibizumab groups were similar in amplitude and pattern throughout the follow-up period. Clinical examination found no alterations of intraocular pressure (IOP). No retinal damage was observed in both, the experimental and control eyes, of all the rabbits. The histopathologic studies showed similar results in both groups, showing no signs of structural damage.

Conclusions

Our study did not find evidence of retinal toxicity from a repeated intravitreal injection of PRO-169 or ranibizumab (Lucentis®) in NZW rabbits. These findings support intravitreal PRO-169 as a safe candidate to develop as a future alternative for the treatment of retinal neovascularization diseases.
Comparative toxicity of new insecticides generations against tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta and their biochemical effects on tomato plants
Authors: Kandil Mohamed Abdel-Hady , Sammour Elham Ahmed , Abdel-Aziz Nahed Fawzy , Agamy Essam Abd El Maguied , El-Bakry Ahmed Mohamed , Abdelmaksoud Nasr Mohamed
Published: July 2020

Background

The physico-chemical properties along with the insecticidal potency of seven non-traditional insecticides from different classes compared with three conventional insecticides were assessed versus Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) below laboratory and field conditions.

Results

All non-conventional insecticides passed the physico-chemical properties except Actra (thiamethoxam) which failed in pH test. Moreover, all conventional insecticide failed these characteristics. The laboratory assessment of the examined insecticides demonstrated that Emperor (Emamectin benzoate) and Coragen (Chlorantraniliprole) were the most superior (LC50 = 0.26 and 0.46 mg L−1, respectively), followed by Radiant (Spinetoram), Vapcomic (Abamectin), and Challenger (Chlorfenapyr) (LC50 = 0.59, 0.60, and 24.07 mg L−1, respectively). Accordingly, these most potent insecticides were evaluated under field circumstances. The levels of insect infestation reduced by 98.74 and 95.51% after 7 days of spraying for the most effective insecticides, Emperor and Coragen, respectively, while the other examined insecticides were at par with one another. Concerning the biochemical effects of the most potent insecticides on tomato plants, all treatments induced promising effect on the photosynthetic pigments. In addition, they significantly minimized the activity of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The most potent biochemical effects were ascribed to Emperor and Coragen insecticides. These two insecticides proved again the maximum total and marketable yields. Moreover, Challenger, Radiant, and Vapcomic revealed minor differences with Emperor and Coragen of the efficiency and marketable yield.

Conclusions

The results proved that the examined insecticides, Challenger, Radiant, Vapcomic, especially, Emperor and Coragen can be successfully used in the IPM tactic against T. absoluta insect.
Bridging therapy is associated with improved cognitive function after large vessel occlusion stroke – an analysis of the German Stroke Registry
Authors: Ettelt Philipp , Maier Ilko L. , Schnieder Marlena , Bähr Mathias , Behme Daniel , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Liman Jan ,   on behalf of the GSR-ET Collaborators
Published: July 2020

Background

The targeted use of endovascular therapy (EVT), with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute large cerebral vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) has been proven to be superior compared to IVT alone. Despite favorable functional outcome, many patients complain about cognitive decline after EVT. If IVT in addition to EVT has positive effects on cognitive function is unclear.

Methods

We analyzed data from the German Stroke Registry (GSR, an open, multicenter and prospective observational study) and compared cognitive function 90 days after index ischemic stroke using MoCA in patients with independent (mRS ≤ 2 pts) and excellent (mRS = 0 pts) functional outcome receiving combined EVT and IVT (EVT + IVT) vs. EVT alone (EVT-IVT).

Results

Of the 2636 GSR patients, we included 166 patients with mRS ≤ 2 at 90 days in our analysis. Of these, 103 patients (62%) received EVT + IVT, 63 patients (38%) were treated with EVT alone. There was no difference in reperfusion status between groups (mTICI ≥ 2b in both groups at 95%, p = 0.65). Median MoCA score in the EVT + IVT group was 20 pts. (18–25 IQR) vs. 18 pts. (16–21 IQR) in the EVT-IVT group (p = 0.014). There were more patients with cognitive impairment (defined as MoCA < 26 pts) in the EVT-IVT group (54 patients (86%)) compared to the EVT + IVT group (78 patients (76%)). EVT + IVT was associated with a higher MoCA score at 90 days (mRS ≤ 2: p = 0.033, B = 2.39; mRS = 0: p = 0.021, B = 4.38).

Conclusions

In Patients with good functional outcome after LVOS, rates of cognitive impairment are lower with combined EVT and IVT compared to EVT alone.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356392.
Recent advances in non-invasive diagnosis and medical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult
Authors: Paul Jayanta
Published: July 2020

Background

Number of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases is increasing over time due to alteration of food habit, increase incidence of metabolic syndrome, and lack of exercise. Liver biopsy is the test for diagnosis and staging of NAFLD, but nowadays several biochemical markers, scoring systems, and imaging studies are available to diagnose and stage NAFLD which is linked to end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular cancer, and elevated cardiovascular- and cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore urgent diagnosis and management are required to avoid complications related to NAFLD. This review summarizes recent advances in diagnosis and medical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Main text

Recently published studies from PubMed, Red Cross, Copernicus, and also various previous studies were reviewed. We have discussed various non-invasive methods for detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic fibrosis. Non pharmacological therapies for NAFLD, indications, and approved medications for NAFLD and other commonly used non-approved medications have been discussed in this review article.

Conclusions

Multiple non-invasive tests are available for diagnosis of NAFLD, and its different stages however gold standard test is liver biopsy. NALFD without NASH and significant fibrosis is treated by lifestyle modifications which include moderate to vigorous exercise and diet modification. To improve hepatic steatosis, minimum of 3–5% of body weight loss is necessary, but > 7–10% weight reductions is required for histological improvement in NASH and fibrosis. Pharmacotherapy is indicated when patient is having NASH with significant fibrosis.
A comparative study on the efficacy of brinzolamide/timolol versus brinzolamide/brimonidine fixed drug combinations in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Padala Sudeepthi , Sripada Ramam , Gundabattula Srivalli Bhaskari Padmavathi , Tadi Krishna Jyothi , Nallamothula Prabhakar Rao , Raveshi Farzaneh , Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju
Published: July 2020

Background

To compare the efficacy of brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% fixed drug combination (BTFC) with brinzolamide 1%/brimonidine 0.2% fixed drug combination (BBFC) among the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Results

The treatment with BTFC in the Group A subjects showed a significant decrease in the intraocular pressure (p = 0.0355*) and a significant increase in the central corneal thickness (p = 0.0087*). Similarly, in the Group B subjects, the treatment with BBFC showed a significant decrease in the intraocular pressure (p = 0.0327*) and a significant increase in the central corneal thickness (p = 0.0227*). In the process of comparing both the fixed drug combinations, there was no significant difference observed in the aspect of efficacy between both the groups in the decrease of intraocular pressure (p = 0.7100) and in the increase of central corneal thickness (p = 0.4077).

Conclusion

Both the fixed drug combinations almost showed a similar efficacy in treating the respective groups, and there is no significant difference observed in the aspect of efficacy between both the fixed drug combinations in decreasing the intraocular pressure and in increasing the central corneal thickness.
Student Preclass Preparation by Both Reading the Textbook and Watching Videos Online Improves Exam Performance in a Partially Flipped Course
Authors: Bassett Kaleb , Olbricht Gayla R. , Shannon Katie B.
Published: July 2020

For a flipped course, it is critical that students prepare before class. Instead of showing a marked preference for watching videos, most students both watched videos and read the textbook. Both types of preparation positively correlate with exam grades, and multivariate analysis was used to generate a predictive model of student exam performance.
Signs of the times: universalism and localism
Authors: Cox John
Published: July 2020

At a time when nationalism has reappeared in Europe, when COVID-19 is not yet quarantined and when compassion coexists with grief, there is a need to consider the impact of these societal changes on international collaboration, frequency and management of perinatal mental disorder – and new roles for psychiatrists and other health professionals in the digital and AI (artificial intelligence) post-COVID era.
Multidimensional Skills, Sorting, and Human Capital Accumulation
Authors: Lise Jeremy , Postel-Vinay Fabien
Published: July 2020

We construct a structural model of on-the-job search in which workers differ in skills along several dimensions and sort themselves into jobs with heterogeneous skill requirements along those same dimensions. Skills are accumulated when used, and depreciate when not used. We estimate the model combining data from O*NET with the NLSY79. We use the model to shed light on the origins and costs of mismatch along heterogeneous skill dimensions. We highlight the deficiencies of relying on a unidimensional model of skill when decomposing the sources of variation in the value of lifetime output between initial conditions and career shocks. (JEL J24, J41, J64)
Using Aggregated Relational Data to Feasibly Identify Network Structure without Network Data
Authors: Breza Emily , Chandrasekhar Arun G. , McCormick Tyler H. , Pan Mengjie
Published: July 2020

Social network data are often prohibitively expensive to collect, limiting empirical network research. We propose an inexpensive and feasible strategy for network elicitation using Aggregated Relational Data (ARD): responses to questions of the form “how many of your links have trait k ?” Our method uses ARD to recover parameters of a network formation model, which permits sampling from a distribution over node- or graph-level statistics. We replicate the results of two field experiments that used network data and draw similar conclusions with ARD alone. (JEL C81, C93, D85, Z13)
Financial Crises, Dollarization, and Lending of Last Resort in Open Economies
Authors: Bocola Luigi , Lorenzoni Guido
Published: July 2020

Foreign currency debt is considered a source of financial instability in emerging markets. We propose a theory in which liability dollarization arises from an insurance motive of domestic savers. Since financial crises are associated to depreciations, savers ask for a risk premium when saving in local currency. This force makes domestic currency debt expensive, and incentivizes borrowers to issue foreign currency debt. Providing ex post support to borrowers can alleviate the effect of the crisis on savers’ income, lowering their demand for insurance, and, surprisingly, it can reduce ex ante incentives to borrow in foreign currency. (JEL E21, E42, E44, F34, G01)
Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations
Authors: Blundell Wesley , Gowrisankaran Gautam , Langer Ashley
Published: July 2020

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a dynamic approach to enforcing air pollution regulations, with repeat offenders subject to high fines and designation as high priority violators (HPV). We estimate the value of dynamic enforcement by developing and estimating a dynamic model of a plant and regulator, where plants decide when to invest in pollution abatement technologies. We use a fixed grid approach to estimate random coefficient specifications. Investment, fines, and HPV designation are costly to most plants. Eliminating dynamic enforcement would raise pollution damages by 164 percent with constant fines or raise fines by 519 percent with constant pollution damages. (JEL Q52, Q53, Q58)
Subsidy Policies and Insurance Demand
Authors: Cai Jing , de Janvry Alain , Sadoulet Elisabeth
Published: July 2020

Using data from a two-year pricing experiment, we study the impact of subsidy policies on weather insurance take-up. Results show that subsidies increase future insurance take-up through their influence on payout experiences. Exploring mechanisms of the payout effect, we find that for households that randomly benefited from financial education, receiving a payout provides a one-time learning experience that improves take-up permanently. In contrast, households with poor insurance knowledge continuously update take-up decisions based on recent experiences with disasters and payouts. Combining subsidy policies with financial education can thus be effective in promoting long-run insurance adoption. (JEL G22, G52, G53, Q54)
Soluble nitrogen forms in sand soil of Pallag: a quantitative report
Authors: Kincses Ida , Melendez Jesus R. , Ramírez-Cando Lenin , Burbano-Salas Diego , Lowy Daniel , Cuenca Nevarez Gerardo , Talledo Solórzano Viviana , Morales Arteaga Juan , Mendoza Benito , Sándor Zsolt
Published: July 2020

Nitrogen (N) is a crop macronutrient of major importance, which affects both plant growth and yield. In this paper we discuss the humus content (%) and various soluble N forms (NO3-, total N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and organic nitrogen) available in humus sand soil samples originating from the Pallag Experimental Station of Horticulture at the University of Debrecen, Hungary. We found 45.4% nitrate-N and 13.8% nitrite-N of total N content present in the soil. Considering the percentage distribution of soluble N forms present at the Pallag Experimental Station, we recommend using this soil in further pot experiments, given that this has optimal nutrient supply capacity. In addition, we examined possible statistical correlations between humus% and N forms.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК АНТИЦИПАТИВНЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ АНТИКРИЗИСНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В УПРАВЛЕНИИ НЕДВИЖИМОСТЬЮ
Authors: Milkina Yulia Anatolievna , Makarova Ekaterina Evgenievna
Published: July 2020

Представленная статья посвящена отдельным проблемам в сфере антикризисного управления организации по вопросам цифровизации – внедрения цифровых технологий в управление объектами недвижимости как основного производственного ресурса.Содержание объектов недвижимости требует определенных постоянных и переменных затрат (при этом, вне зависимости от интенсивности использования, постоянные затраты присутствуют в неизменном виде). В этой связи их доходность должна быть достаточной для обеспечения положительных финансовых результатов хозяйственно-экономической деятельности организации. В противном случае формируется убыток от использования таких объектов.Цель работы: найти оптимальные пути решения задач, связанных с выходом организации из кризисного состояния в сфере управления объектами ее недвижимости на основе внедрения в хозяйственно-экономическую деятельность современных цифровых технологий. Обоснование необходимости переоценки традиционной финансово-экономической парадигмы - модели управления объектами недвижимости в сфере гостиничного бизнеса.Метод исследования. В процессе исследования проблемы использовались аналитические и статистические методы анализа.Результаты. В условиях глобальной конъюнктуры традиционная архитектоника антикризисного менеджмента в сфере гостиничного бизнеса требует закономерной трансформации. В этой связи предложены методы (способы) оптимизации управления объектом недвижимости организации на основе внедрения цифровых технологий, как современно-концептуальной основы выхода из состояния убыточности его хозяйственной деятельности для выхода из состояния убыточности его хозяйственной деятельности.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы и целесообразно применены экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими предпринимательскую деятельность в области предоставления (оказания) услуг в сфере гостиничного бизнеса экономическим субъектам, ведущих хозяйственную деятельность на основе внедрения цифровых технологий.Практика показывает, что имеющиеся сегодня цифровые технологии способны радикально изменить характеристики эксплуатации объектов недвижимости. Внедрение прогрессивных технологий в финансово-экономическую деятельность организаций, в части касающейся управления объектами недвижимости, позволит своевременно и успешно преодолеть кризисные состояния – повысить эффективность их использования.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использованы аналитические и статистические методы анализа.
ТЕХНОПАРКИ РОССИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Romanovich Marina Alekseevna , Ospischev Petr Ivanovich , Romanovich Lyudmila Gennadievna , Kuznetsova Irina Anatolevna
Published: July 2020

В последнее время все больше внимания ученых, органов государственной власти России, представителей бизнеса направлено на изучение проблем инфраструктурной поддержки инновационных предприятий. Одной из актуальных является проблема организации технопарков и повышения эффективности действующих технопарков. В соответствии с принятыми стратегиями в сфере инноваций следует, что Россия, собственно, как и другие страны, нацелена на повторение успешного международного опыта. Однако, как показали результаты исследований, успешные технопарки экономически развитых стран создавались, как правило, при крупных научных центрах или корпорациях, постепенно превращаясь в мегатехнопарки и агломерации инновационных городов. В силу исторических, социально-экономических, региональных, правовых и других особенностей отечественные технопарки характеризуется невысокой эффективностью. Можно утверждать, что они не оказывают должного влияния на инновационное развитие страны и ее отдельных регионов. В статье рассматривается современная инновационная политика, как регулятор инновационных процессов, вопросы организации технопарков в зарубежных странах и особенности российских технопарков, приводится динамика их создания в России, проанализирована структура отечественных технопарков в зависимости от их специализации и принадлежности. Выделены и обобщены актуальные проблемы организации и деятельности технопарков в России, в том числе на базе вузов. Отмечая важную роль технопарков нового поколения в повышении конкурентоспособности экономики страны, даны практические рекомендации по их развитию в современных условиях.Цель – исследование актуальных проблем функционирования технопарков России в современных условиях.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались общенаучные методы познания (анализ, синтез, абстрагирование, обобщение, логический метод), методы и приемы экономического анализа.Результаты: выделены и обобщены актуальные проблемы организации и деятельности технопарков России и даны рекомендации по их развитию в современных условиях.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы в практической деятельности федеральных и региональных органов законодательной и исполнительной власти, представителей технопарков, вузов и субъектов инновационного бизнеса.
A LITERATURA INFANTIL E JUVENIL CONTEMPORÂNEA E O PODER DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Riche Rosa Maria Cuba
Published: July 2020

A história da sociedade é marcada por momentos de transformações intensas. Assim a “primeira modernidade” está associada à Revolução Industrial, a “segunda modernidade”, à da era da cultura eletrônica e agora vive-se uma “terceira modernidade”, com a disseminação das Tecnologias da Informação. O debate em pauta gira em torno da “sociedade em rede”, da “era da informação” ou da “sociedade do conhecimento”, tomada pelas redes de comunicação também chamada de “cibersociedade”. Seus atores vivenciam mudanças profundas de comportamento, a partir do uso de equipamentos de informática, associados à telecomunicação. Essa “terceira modernidade”, própria de uma Terceira Revolução Industrial, é parte constitutiva de outro fenômeno, a globalização. A Internet é a grande responsável pela implementação dessa nova cultura e possibilitou a criação de meios massivos de comunicação, vistos por uns como maléficos, capazes de homogeneizar gostos, potencializar discussões, manipular opiniões e, por outros, como forma de manifestação do receptor, de construção e difusão de culturas. Este trabalho pretende discutir como a literatura voltada para crianças e jovens reflete esteticamente as transformações sociais e como as manifestações circunscritas à esfera individual ganham uma repercussão impensável, através do uso das mídias sociais, a partir da análise de três obras. São elas: Meninos sem pátria, de Luiz Puntel (1988), O menino que espiava para dentro, de Ana Maria Machado (2008). Peppa, de Silvana Rando (2009). O repertório teórico apoia-se principalmente nos estudos de FUSER (2019), BOLAÑO (1999), CANDIDO (1968), ISER (1979), CASARIN (2019), MOLICA (2019) entre outros.
LITERATURA JUVENIL BRASILEIRA E INTERTEXTUALIDADE: O JOVEM E SEUS ENCONTROS COM LEITURAS OUTRAS
Authors: Iguma Andréia De Oliveira Alencar , Gama-Khalil Marisa Martins
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo, escrito a quatro mãos – orientanda e orientadora, nasce a partir de reflexões tecidas em uma pesquisa de doutoramento (fase de conclusão) que tem como objetivo analisar as representações dos jovens protagonistas das obras premiadas pela FNLIJ (2000 a 2017). Para este momento, afunilaremos nossos olhares em dois pontos específicos: focalizar acerca da literatura entendida como juvenil e analisar especificamente a contribuição das alusões intertextuais presentes na narrativa O fazedor de velhos (2008), do escritor Rodrigo Lacerda. Para tanto, nos apoiaremos em alguns estudiosos que têm contribuído com a consolidação da LJ enquanto sistema, sendo eles, Ceccantini (2010), Ramos (2016), Navas (2016), e a fim de pensar a intertextualidade partiremos da noção de dialogismo de Bakhtin (1997) e do conceito intertextualidade cunhado por Kristeva (1974).
Methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of integrated automation in aerospace industry
Authors: PADALKO Sergey N. , ERMAKOV Aleksandr A. , TEMMOEVA Fatima M.
Published: July 2020

Aerospace (remote) methods today have become one of the most effective means to study the earth's surface. Taking into account the expansion of the range of tasks that the aerospace industry faces nowadays, as well as the fact that hyperspectral analysis of large volumes of data obtained during aerospace research is time-consuming and costly, the need for the introduction of automated control systems for aerospace enterprises is essential. The article is devoted to the study of approaches to evaluating the efficiency of the integrated automation in aerospace organizations. In the process of research, a technique based on the use of mathematical apparatus of fuzzy numbers and including an assessment of the productivity and stability of functioning of automation systems, as well as an analysis of the reliability of information exchange and security of information transmission. Therefore, the practical and theoretical significance of the chosen research topic is not in doubt.
Effect of flight range on the dimension of the main aircraft
Authors: SUN Ying , KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , KUZNETSOVA Elena L.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the characteristics of aircraft, including aircraft of the Boeing and Airbus families, as well as to highlight the factors affecting the flight range depending on the dimension of the main aircraft. The possibilities of competition with Boeing and Airbus were considered and options for solving this problem were proposed. Formulas were used to identify the economic excellence of the aircraft and an analysis was made of the distribution of flights and major airports around the globe. A graphical model for the search for the rational appearance of the aerodynamic balancing scheme of long-range aircraft was presented. Among them were Boeing 747-400, Airbus A380-800 and VHI-5, the characteristics of which correspond to three specific zones of flight range. Conclusions were drawn about the dependence of the mass of the aircraft on the flight range, a scheme was determined according to which the dimension is the smallest, and a relationship was established between the duration of the flight and the fatigue of passengers and their impact on the requirements for comfort and ergonomics of a passenger seat depending on the duration of the flight.
Non-stationary diffraction problem of a plane oblique pressure wave on the shell in the form of a hyperbolic cylinder taking into account the dissipation effect
Authors: EGOROVA Olga V. , STAROVOITOV Eduard I.
Published: July 2020

The plane non-stationary problem of the dynamics of a thin elastic shell in the form of a hyperbolic cylinder immersed in a liquid under the action of an oblique acoustic pressure wave is considered. To solve this problem, a system of equations is constructed in a related statement. In this case, hydroelasticity problems are reduced to equations of shell dynamics, the damping effect of the liquid (dissipation effect) is taken into account by introducing an integral operator of the convolution type in the time domain. The problem is solved approximately on the basis of the hypothesis of a thin layer taking into account the damping forces in the liquid. The integro-differential equations of shell motion are solved numerically based on the difference discretization of differential operators and the representation of the integral operator by the sum using the trapezoid rule. The kinematic and static parameters of the system are given.
Chemical composition and biological evaluation of essential oils from some Moroccan plants
Authors: Douhri Badia , Raissouni Ihssane , Amajoud Nadia , Farah Abdellah , Skali Senhaji Nadia , Abrini Jamal , Douhri Hikmat
Published: July 2020

This study describes the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the Moroccan plants Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. and Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire on biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus strains. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the two essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined by the broth microdilution method.  The results showed that essential oils of Thymbra capitata and Origanum elongatum inhibit biofilm formation in biofilm inhibitory concentrations (0.5 and 2% v/v) and eradicate biofilm at biofilm eradication concentrations (1 and> 4% v/v), specific to each essential oil. Values were twofold or fourfold higher than the concentration required to inhibit or eradicate planktonic bacteria growth. The use of essential oils of Thymbra capitata and Origanum elongatum as natural antimicrobial agents may effectively inhibit the growth of biofilms of medical relevance. Results indicated that essential oils of Thymbra capitata and Origanum elongatum might be a potential alternative against Staphylococcus resistant strains.
Design of a large-mode-area pixeled leakage channel fiber with an ultrahigh loss ratio for 2  µm operation
Authors: Xing Zhen , Wang Xin , Lou Shuqin , Zhang Wan , Tang Zijuan , Jia Haoqiang
Published: July 2020

A novel bend-resistant large mode area fiber with pixeled structure and leakage channel is proposed for application with a tight bend radius at the 2 µm wavelength region. Two layers of discontinuous fluorine-doped silica rods, which are called pixels, are introduced in the cladding. By removing four pixels, the loss of high-order modes is enhanced significantly due to the leakage channel. Bend properties of the fiber are investigated thoroughly by numerical simulations. As a result, a robust single-mode operation is obtained with an ultrahigh loss ratio (the minimum loss of high-order modes to the loss of fundamental mode) exceeding 

3

×

10

5

when the fiber is bent with a tight radius as 10 cm. The effective mode area can reach

1764

µ

m

2

. In addition, the fiber can keep high performance within a broad waveband from 1.75 to 2.15 µm. Large mode area and robust single-mode operation with a tight bend radius make this fiber beneficial to the development of 2 µm miniaturized fiber lasers.
Fine structure of perturbed Laguerre–Gaussian beams: Hermite–Gaussian mode spectra and topological charge
Authors: Volyar A. , Abramochkin E. , Egorov Yu. , Bretsko M. , Akimova Ya.
Published: July 2020

We found that small perturbations of the optical vortex core in Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams generate a fine structure of the Hermite–Gaussian (HG) mode spectrum in the form of weak variations of amplitudes and phases of the HG modes. We developed and implemented the intensity moments technique for measuring the HG mode spectra. We also theoretically justified and experimentally implemented a technique for measuring the topological charge of the LG beams with an arbitrary number of ring dislocations. Theoretical discussion and experimental study are accompanied by examples of estimating the orbital angular momentum and the topological charge of perturbed LG beams as well as the algorithm for plotting the HG mode spectra.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of heating of biased Si avalanche photodiodes in an external circuit due to irradiation by a millisecond-pulse laser
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Hong-Xu , Jin Guang-Yong , Wang Di , Wei Zhi
Published: July 2020

The interaction mechanism between external laser and Si avalanche photodiodes (Si-APDs) in practical circuits and the law of temperature increase are vital for the laser protection of Si-APDs. This study establishes the heating model of Si-APDs in an external circuit irradiated by a millisecond-pulse laser. The law of surface temperature increase in Si-APDs is determined via simulation and experiment. Results show that both laser energy density and external capacitance significantly affect the temperature increase. The theoretical simulation and experimental results are consistent, thereby validating the theoretical model.
Fabrication of Ge2Sb2Te5 crystal micro/nanostructures through single-shot Gaussian-shape femtosecond laser pulse irradiation
Authors: Han Weina , Zhao Kang , Pan Changji , Yuan Yanping , Zhao Yan , Cheng Zhaochen , Wang Mengmeng
Published: July 2020

Femtosecond (fs) laser–thin film interaction is one of the most practical methods for fabricating functional nanostructures. However, the details of the interaction mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate an abnormal ablation effect on nanofilms by using a tightly focused single fs laser pulse. After the irradiation of a single Gaussian-shaped femtosecond laser pulse, a molten micro/nanopatch at the irradiated central high-power zone is isolated from the surrounding film. The confined localized threshold effect is proposed as the main mechanism for the phase isolation. With this effect, the high refractive index dielectric Ge2Sb2Te5 crystal nanostructures can be fabricated by directed dewetting of the isolated molten micro/nanopatch on Si substrates. After the laser irradiation, the central isolated liquid through an amorphous GST film is transformed into a crystalline state after resolidification. The isolated central micro/nanopatch size can be controlled by the focused spot size and pulse energy, so that the morphologies (size, geometrical morphology, and distribution) of GST nanostructures can be flexibly modulated. Furthermore, separated solid and liquid phase states detected using spatial-temporal-resolved microscopy validates the crucial role of the confined-localized threshold effect in the dewetting effect based on the separated liquid phase.
Highly decorrelated multiplexing metasurface for simultaneous dual-wavelength and dual-polarization continuous phase manipulation
Authors: Dang Yu , Mu Yongheng , Qi Jiaran
Published: July 2020

Multiplexing metasurfaces have drawn great interest from the microwave to optical regimes. However, previous works often encounter the restriction of insufficient independence and deficient interference suppression among different channels. Herein, a metasurface platform featuring a dual-wavelength and dual-polarization multiplexing operation is proposed for highly decorrelated and completely independent manipulation of four frequency and polarization states. As illustrative examples, two paradigms of a multiplexing holographic metasurface in which four channels can respond independently without conjugate images are presented, and the measurement results not only validate the feasibility but also exhibit excellent imaging efficiency. The proposed metasurface may thus boost more complex and versatile multi-functional devices.
Hybrid photonic-plasmonic nano-cavity with ultra-high Q/V
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Liu Yong-Chun , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Nianen , Lu Cuicui
Published: July 2020

Optical cavities with high figure of merit

Q

/

V

is essential to enhance the interaction of light and matter. Here, a hybrid photonic-plasmonic nano-cavity, consisting of an L3 photonic crystal nano-cavity and plasmonic bowtie nano-antennas, is proposed to have an ultrahigh figure of merit

Q

/

V

of

8.4
×

10
6

(

λ

/

n

)

−
3

, which is the highest value ever demonstrated for all previous works about L3-type photonic crystal nano-cavities. The value of

Q

/

V

is enhanced by more than 25 times compared to that in a bare L3 photonic crystal nano-cavity and is 60 times greater than plasmonic bowtie nano-antennas. As a result, the single-atom cooperativity parameter is improved by 26 times with respect to a bare L3 photonic crystal nano-cavity, and strong coupling between light and a single emitter is achieved. The proposed structure provides a new platform to achieve strong coupling between light and a single emitter, which holds great potential for applications in quantum optics, quantum information, and nonlinear optics.
Extremely large near-field enhancements in the vicinity of plasmonic nanoantennas on top of bull’s eye structures exhibiting the extraordinary transmission of light
Authors: Ghosh Rajib Ratan , Dhawan Anuj
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate that the optical electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of plasmonic nanoantennas are substantially enhanced on combining the plasmonic nanoantennas with bull’s eye structures (BESs) as compared to those of isolated plasmonic nanoantennas or of isolated bull’s eye structures. The optical electromagnetic fields are transmitted with high field enhancement through the subwavelength apertures of the BESs at the resonance wavelength, owing to the extraordinary transmission (EOT) of light. By hybridization of the two plasmonic nanoresonators (nanoantennas and BESs), optical energy is coupled to the nanoantennas from the light transmitted through the BESs. This coupling of light energy to the nanoantennas in the transmission mode using EOT and strong near-field enhancement in the vicinity of the gap between the nanoantennas integrated with the BESs has been analyzed numerically using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We optimized the geometrical parameters of both BESs and nanoantenna structures for achieving the highest possible near-field enhancement. The resonance wavelength of this combined plasmonic structure can easily be tuned from visible to the near-infrared range by varying the periodicity of the BESs. Employing the proposed hybrid nanostructure consisting of a BES coupled to a plasmonic nanoantenna, an electric field enhancement of more than 1000 (i.e. an intensity enhancement greater than 1 × 106) is achieved for a 10 nm gap between the two arms of the bowtie nanoantenna, of more than 4000 (i.e. an intensity enhancement greater than 1.6 × 107) for a 5 nm gap, and of more than 9000 (i.e. an intensity enhancement greater than 8.1 × 107) for a 2.5 nm gap. These values of electric field enhancement are substantially higher than what have been reported previously. In this paper, we also present a comparison of the near-field enhancements in the vicinity of plasmonic bowtie nanoantennas coupled to different types of plasmonic nanogratings—two-dimensional nanohole arrays in plasmonic thin films, nanoline arrays in plasmonic thin films, or subwavelength apertures in plasmonic thin films surrounded by concentric periodic grooves. Moreover, we provide a comparison of the electric field enhancements in the vicinity of different types of plasmonic nanoantennas coupled to plasmonic nanogratings. The proposed hybrid nanostructure can open new possibilities in different fields such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF), optical trapping, and nonlinear optics.
Sanciones como instrumento de coerción: ¿cuán similares son las políticas de Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea hacia Venezuela?
Authors: Gratius Susanne , Ayuso Pozo Anna
Published: July 2020

Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea reconocieron a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela, al tiempo que incrementaban las sanciones hacia el Gobierno de Nicolás Maduro para que convocara elecciones e iniciara una transición democrática. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que los objetivos e instrumentos de ambos actores hacia Venezuela no son idénticos, este artículo analiza las semejanzas y diferencias en sus políticas, teniendo en cuenta el antecedente del caso cubano y la literatura sobre sanciones.
Pensamiento computacional en Educación Infantil, más allá de los robots de suelo
Authors: Álvarez Herrero Juan Francisco
Published: July 2020

La robótica educativa, la programación y el pensamiento computacional se están incorporando en las aulas de muchos centros educativos y a cualquier edad. En muchos casos esta incorporación en los planes de estudios está bien argumentada y documentada, pero en otros casos se hace de manera precipitada y sin reflexión previa. En la Educación Infantil, el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional parece haber encontrado en la robótica de suelo una herramienta que permite su mejora y progreso. Con la intención de comprobar si esto es realmente así, se testeó a 50 expertos (docentes en activo, formadores de futuros docentes y técnicos comerciales de robótica educativa) de toda España. De los resultados se desprende que, si bien sí hay un elevado porcentaje de considerar la robótica de suelo como una excelente herramienta para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional en Educación Infantil, no hay un consenso a la hora de usar otro tipo de prácticas que vayan más allá y que también beneficien dicho proceso de aprendizaje. Por todo ello, consideramos se hace necesario establecer un marco común y unas pautas que posibiliten la correcta implementación de la robótica, la programación y el pensamiento computacional en Educación Infantil. Y ello se basa en ofrecer una formación de calidad que permita desarrollar estos conceptos.
Chalcone Synthase: Method Optimization of Extraction and Activity Assay in Strawberry Fruit
Authors: Zoungrana Linda , Smith Alyssa N. , Nascimento Nunes M. Cecilia do
Published: July 2020

Method development and optimization play a central role in analytical chemistry and more specifically in food biochemistry. When it comes to research, it is common that analytical methods need to be modified to specific experimental biological tissues. While there are several published works on the activity of the enzyme chalcone synthase (CHS) in plant materials, such as sweet basil using ultra- high-performance liquid chromatography, there is a lack of information regarding extraction and activity of CHS in strawberries. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to optimize existing published methods for extraction and activity of CHS in strawberries, using spectrophotometric analysis. It was done through a literature search, a method dissection was performed, followed by theoretical optimization of the protocol, and finally an experimental optimization
CONFLITOS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA COM AS NORMAS SANITÁRIAS: UM PARALELO ENTRE A REVOLTA DA VACINA E A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Batista Moutinho Flavio Fernando
Published: July 2020

Em épocas de epidemias é comum serem criadas normas sanitárias, baseadas no conceito de polícia médica, para o controle dessas enfermidades. O presente trabalho procurou discutir os conflitos de parcelas da população brasileira com as normas sanitárias tendo como pano de fundo a Revolta da Vacina e a Pandemia de Covid-19. Se na época da Revolta da Vacina a população mais pobre estava revoltada por um acúmulo de coisas como a reforma urbana de Pereira Passos e o processo de gentrificação que a expulsou para longe do centro, sem direito a indenização, a questão moral da exposição do corpo das mulheres aos vacinadores, os abusos da repressão, tudo isso feito de maneira arbitrária, a vacinação obrigatória foi somente um estopim para o acontecimento. Na pandemia de Covid-19 existe uma complexa situação em que parte da população tem condições de ficar em isolamento social e outra parcela precisa continuar trabalhando, seja por se tratar de atividade essencial, seja por serem trabalhadores informais sem renda fixa. Além disso, uma parcela grande da população reside em aglomerados subnormais em condições insalubres e sub-humanas onde é praticamente impossível manter um isolamento digno, isolar pessoas suspeitas ou doentes e ter acesso à água potável. Por fim, empresários não querem perder seus lucros e insistem que as atividades econômicas não podem ficar paradas, a despeito do risco de aumento do número de mortos.
DIFUSÃO DA COVID-19 NAS GRANDES ESTRUTURAS TERRITORIAIS DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Faria Rivaldo Mauro de , Erthal Douglas Bouvier , Costa Iago Turba , Rizzatti Maurício , Spode Pedro Leonardo Cezar
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a difusão espacial da COVID-19 e caracterizá-la em relação às grandes estruturas territoriais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, realizado com todos os casos registrados de COVID-19 (infectados e óbitos), no período de 10 de março à 02 de maio de 2020. Os dados foram coletados em fontes secundárias oficiais e modelados por município de residência do caso. A difusão dos casos e sua densificação permitiu reconhecer dois grandes eixos de difusão da COVID-19 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: na rede urbana que vai de Porto Alegre à serra gaúcha, que é a rede de maior densidade e de maior fluxo, e na rede que vai na direção da campanha, que é uma rede urbana de menor densificação e fluxo, mais antiga e também mais fragmentada. Por essa razão, é maior o número de casos na rede urbana da serra, estendendo-se, por conseguinte, até Passo Fundo e Erechim. Mais de 90% dos casos estão concentrados em municípios de baixa privação social e melhores condições de saúde, exatamente no eixo Porto Alegre-Serra-Norte gaúcho. Todavia, há sinais de interiorização da COVID-19 em municípios de elevada privação social, sobretudo os localizados na região do Pampa e nas fronteiras sul e oeste. Recomenda-se, dessa forma, enorme atenção à interiorização do vírus, seja porque a extensão geográfica do evento torna mais difícil o seu controle, seja ainda porque municípios socialmente mais privados possuem piores condições de saúde e maior dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde.