bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiviral activity of chitosan nanoparticles for controlling plant-infecting viruses
Authors: El Gamal Ahmed Y. , Atia Mahmoud M. , El Sayed Tarek , Abou-Zaid Mohamed I. , Tohamy Mohamed R.
Published: January 2022

Chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) are a potentially effective means for controlling numerous plant diseases. This study firstly describes the antiviral capabilities of ChiNPs to control plant viral diseases compared to its bulk form. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was used as a model plant virus affecting faba bean plants and many other legumes. The antiviral effectiveness of ChiNPs and chitosan were evaluated as a curative application method, using six dosage rates (50, 100, 200, 250, 300 and 400 mg/L). Results indicated that ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L. The virus titre was greatly alleviated within the plant tissues by 7.71% up to100% depending on ChiNP dosage rates. However, chitosan used in its bulk-based material form revealed a relatively low to an intermediate reduction in virus infectivity by 6.67% up to 48.86%. Interestingly, ChiNPs affect the virus particle’s integrity by producing defective and incomplete BYMV viral particles, defeating their replication and accumulation content within the plant tissues. Simultaneously, ChiNP applications were appreciably shown to promote the pathogenesis-related (PR-1) gene and other defence-related factors. The mRNA of the PR-1 gene was markedly accumulated in treated plants, reaching its maximum at 400 mg/L with 16.22-fold relative expression change over the untreated control. Further, the total phenol dynamic curve was remarkably promoted for 30 days in response to ChiNP application, as compared to the untreated control. Our results provide the first report that chitosan-based nanomaterials have a superior effect in controlling plant viruses as an antiviral curing agent, suggesting that they may feasibly be involved in viral disease management strategies under field conditions without serious health concerns and environmental costs.Significance:

Our findings show that chitosan nanoparticles have a powerful curing antiviral activity against BYMV disease. These findings open the door for the use of eco-friendly nano-based tools in controlling numerous plant viruses. The use of eco-friendly nano-based materials could result in a successful integrative control strategy for plant viruses under field conditions, negating the need for the conventional measure used to control most of the insect-transmitted plant viruses, that is insecticide application against vector insects.
Peierles transition in a linear chain of exchange related spins
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Orlova Natalia B. , Kurkin Mikhail I. ,   M.N. Mikheev lnstitute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg
Published: January 2022

The loss of stability of the antiferromagnetic state of matter respective to the Peierls transition is calculated in the framework of a new model of magnetic sublattices. In this new model, in contrast to the Anderson-Ziman sublattice model, the antiferromagnetic spin ordering is provided by a weak influence of magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic anisotropy suppresses exchange mixing with a sufficiently large number of spins in the sublattice . The Peierls transition consists in the deformation in a linear chain of atoms, namely the convergence of neighboring atoms, at which the period of the crystal lattice increases by factor of two. When atoms approach, exchange interaction is established between a pair of nearest atomic spins only. Based on the new model of magnetic sublattices, the antiferromagnetic sublattice state of the periodic chain of spins is found to be unstable respective to the transition to the Peierls state. During the transition to the "spin-Peierls" state, the spins of neighboring atoms will be ordered antiparallelly, but since there is no preferred direction of spin ordering, it is impossible to introduce the concept of magnetic sublattices. Such magnetic states can be suggested from the exponential dependence of the magnetic susceptibility on the reciprocal temperature. The electrons magnetism in this state is determined by the atomic diamagnetism if the frequencies of thermal motion are small compared to the exchange frequency.
Analysis of threats to information security and data protection in the “Smart house systems”
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Reva Ivan , Arkhipova Anastasiya ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Samoylenko Roman ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

The idea of smart homes has been around for several decades and has been described by different authors many times since then. However, there are almost always three aspects in the definitions of the last 20 years. First, home devices must be connected, not only to each other, but also to the Internet. Second, an intelligent way to manage the system is needed, such as a central gateway or smart smartphone apps. Finally, there must be some degree of home automation in the system. A hardware and software complex that meets these requirements can be called a “smart home” system. The system of ensuring the security of the "smart home" is now of great practical importance, which should include measures to protect the IT infrastructure, ensuring the personal safety of residents, ensuring their health, the sanitary condition of the premises, as well as the safety of material assets. It follows from this that the problem of the lack of a thorough study of information security threats and the elaboration of protection of the entire software and hardware complex of the "smart home" system is quite urgent. When solving this problem, an analysis of the main types and characteristics of smart home systems was carried out, and their key vulnerabilities were identified. Also, a study of vulnerabilities in the hardware of smart home systems was carried out; A qualitative assessment of the information security risks of a "smart home" has been carried out and protective measures have been developed to reduce them; A prototype of a fragment of the “smart home” security system has been developed and studied. In an experimental study of threats and vulnerabilities of the developed prototype of a fragment of the "smart home" system, the threat of interception of critical information of the system was studied in detail. Based on the results of the development and research of the Security Inspector, conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of the use of the intrusion detection module.
From Homes to Assets and From Pioneers to Shareholders: An Evolving Frontier Terminology
Authors: Schwake Gabriel
Published: January 2022

Frontier settlements played a key role in the formation of Israeli society and its territorial project. In the pre-statehood years and during the first decades after the establishment of the state of Israel, settling the frontiers formed one of the main national objectives, securing the nation’s control over space while promoting a unified local identity. Appropriately, settlement practices and discourse focused on pioneer rural communities and industrial towns, with a clear emphasis on housing units and residential estates. With the privatisation of the local economy, the national settlement development mechanism was privatised as well, the former state-led enterprise was harnessed to the interests of the market, and the earlier focus on housing was thus replaced by a property-oriented approach. This article studies the transformations in Israeli frontier settlement practices while analysing their changing modes of spatial production and the terminology they relied on. Studying the development process of Tzur-Yitzhak and Harish, two Israeli localities on the border with the occupied Palestinian West Bank, this article demonstrates how they first emerged as small-scale rural settlements and eventually turned into corporate-led projects. Presenting the geopolitical and societal interests behind both case studies, as well as the manner their proposed planning altered over the years, this article illustrates the transforming modes of production and the evolution of the local settlement terminology, demonstrating the shift from a pioneer-oriented to a market-led frontier settlement.
Addition to the spontaneous flora of O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden (Kyiv)
Authors:   O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden, Educational and Scientific Centre ", Kolomiychuk V. ,   Institute of Biology and Medicine",   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Shynder O. ,   M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2022

The results of the inventory of wild plants in the territory of O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden in 2021 are given. For the needs of the research, an online project "Biota of the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden (Kyiv)" has been launched. Historic milestones and latest achievements in the study of spontaneous flora of the Botanical garden are characterized. The tendency towards the increase in number of vascular plant species is noted. Specifically, in the middle of the 20th century there were reported 220 species of vascular plants for the Botanical garden territory, in the early 21st century there were 245 species (2005) and 314 species from 215 genera and 65 families (2008). In 2015, 347 species from 223 genera, 67 families, 4 classes and 3 divisions were noted. According to the results of the study in 2021, 115 new plants were found by the authors of the article in spontaneous flora of the Botanical garden. The list of new taxa, their habitat and date of discovery, as well as the authorship of the findings are given. For the first time, 4 taxa of alien plants were found for the flora of Ukraine: Arabis procurrens, Lactuca sibirica, Polanisia dodecandra subsp. trachysperma and Talinum paniculatum. Their main morphological, taxonomic and geographical characteristics are briefly described, information on the naturalization of these taxa in other countries is given. For the first time for the flora of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and the urban flora of Kyiv the following are given: Cymbalaria muralis, Cyperus glomeratus, Phedimus stoloniferus, Ranunculus acris subsp. friesianus, Tradescantia × andersoniana. Additionally, during the research there were identified 29 introduced plants with high naturalization rates that need further monitoring. Their list and features of naturalization are given. According to the results of the study, a complete list of the spontaneous flora of the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden includes 524 taxa from 291 genera and 71 families.
The effect of IgG fraction from blood plasma of patients with acute coronary syndromes on the parameters of primary haemostasis
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Marynenko T. , Halenova T. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Ostapchenko L. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

Coronary heart disease is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Today, the search for effector molecules of endogenous origin and investigation of their possible role as new therapeutic targets and biological markers are underway. Among such molecules, special attention should be paid to immunoglobulins G (IgG), which accumulate in the general bloodstream in response to the appearance in the body of atypical and modified proteins, as well as their fragments, which is a natural consequence of activation of inflammatory and hypercoagulation reactions under coronary heart disease. In this study, in experimentsin vitro, we investigated the effect of IgG obtained from the serum of patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction on platelet aggregation and endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor secretion by cells in HUVEC culture. We did not observe any effect of IgG obtained from the serum of patients with coronary heart disease, both on platelet activation and on the dynamics of ADP-dependent cell aggregation. However, the addition of IgG to the HUVEC cell culture medium showed an increase in cell secretion of both von Willebrand factor and endothelin-1. High concentrations of von Willebrand factor in the systemic circulation can cause an increase in prothrombotic potential, while the accumulation of endothelin-1 may contribute to the development of hypoxia in both the myocardium and other peripheral tissues. All this can lead to disruption of coagulation processes, and, as a consequence, the development and progression of complications of coronary heart disease. It should be noted that antibodies obtained from the serum of patients with progressive unstable angina had the most pronounced effect. The obtained results reveal new perspectives in the study of the effector properties of antibodies and their role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease.
Importancia de las competencias digitales directivas para la formación de talentos en la Industria 4.0
Authors: Canto-Esquivel Jorge Carlos , Ojeda-López Ruth Noemí , Mul-Encalada Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La participación de los docentes en la formación de los nuevos talentos para la industria 4.0 requiere de visiones y acciones disruptivas para lograr la transformación digital de las empresas donde laborarán sus estudiantes. El presente estudio analiza la importancia que asignan los docentes a las competencias digitales requeridas para dirigir las empresas dentro de la cuarta revolución industrial. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptiva por medio de la técnica de la encuesta a través de un cuestionario en línea a 152 docentes universitarios del estado de Yucatán (México). Resultados y discusión: Se evidencia que los docentes valoran con mayor importancia las competencias digitales directivas relacionadas con la innovación, nuevos productos y los clientes; seguidas de la comprensión y gestión de la economía global digital; las tecnologías de la información y comunicación; la organización de las empresas digitales; la gestión, aplicación y financiación de nuevos modelos de negocios basados en la economía digital y los activos intangibles. Conclusiones: La participación de los docentes es primordial en la formación de competencias que requerirán las empresas en el proceso de cambio.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 extracellular vesicle as novel therapy for osteoarthritis
Authors:   Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Gervais de Liyis Bryan , Nolan John ,   Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Maharjana M.A. ,   Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint condition that causes significant impairment of the chondrocyte. The gradual degradation of the cartilage lining of one or more freely moving joints, as well as persistent inflammation, are the causes of osteoarthritis. Current medication focuses on alleviating symptoms rather than curing the condition. Methods This review article was completed by searching for information with the keywords “Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1”, “Extracellular Vesicle”, and “Osteoarthritis” in various journals in several search engines. Out of 102 publications found, 95 were suitable to be studied. Results The upregulated amount of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1) signaling suggesting the progression of degenerative cartilage that commonly seen in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Several studies showed that the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from MSCs could enhance cartilage repair and protect the cartilage from degradation. EVs have the potential to deliver effects to specific cell types through ligand-receptor interactions and several pathway mechanisms related with the FGFR1. EVs and FGFR1 have been postulated in recent years as possible therapeutic targets in human articular cartilage. Conclusions The protective benefits on both chondrocytes and synoviocytes in OA patients can be achieved by administering the MSC-EVs that may also stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and migration. EVs have a promising potential to become a novel therapy for treating patients with OA. However, further research is needed to discover possible application of this therapy.
Uncomplicated fractures of the cervical vertebrae in children and adolescents
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Skriabin E.G. , Bukseev A.N. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Zotov P.B. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Akselrov M.A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation,   Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Kurmangulov A.A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Introduction Various aspects of uncomplicated fractures of the cervical vertebrae in children and adolescents remain topical. Purpose To study incidence, character and type of uncomplicated fractures of the vertebrae of the cervical spine in children and adolescents. Materials and methods Out of 1000 children who had uncomplicated vertebral fractures, 27 (2.7 %) people were diagnosed with fractures at the cervical level. There were more boys among the injured – 77.77 % of the injured. 29.63 % of the patients were under the age of 12, and 70.37 % of – aged 12–17. Traditional methods for emergency traumatology were used for clinical diagnostics. Results In 17 (62.96 %) of the patients only the cervical vertebrae were compressed, in 10 (37.04 %) patients – both the thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae. Among the cervical vertebrae, compression of C7 vertebral body was most often observed – in 30.64 % of cases, less often – the body of C3 – in 4.08 % of cases. The main mechanism of injury was falling on head from a height of 2 m and more – 25.98 % of cases. Analysis of the character of C2 fractures showed that four patients had fractures of the odontoid process (three patients – type I, one – type III), one patient – fractures of the arches of this vertebra corresponding to type I. Fractures of subaxial location mainly corresponded to group "A" (subgroup I (36 compressed vertebrae), subgroup II (6 injured vertebrae)). In 2 cases, vertebral fractures were referred to group "B" (subgroup I). In 25 (92.59 %) clinical cases conservative treatment was used, in 2 (7.41 %) – there were indications for surgical treatment. The average duration of in-patient treatment for fractures of the cervical vertebrae was 9.4 days. Evaluation of long-term treatment results showed "good" results in 83.33 % of cases, satisfactory – in 16.67 % of clinical observations. Discussion The results that we have received are mainly comparable with the literature data on the main aspects of cervical trauma in children. At the same time, it is necessary to mention some differences. For example, many authors report that younger children most often get fractures of the C2 vertebra. According to our data, the average age of patients with these fractures was 14.8 years.
Female Genital Tuberculosis Among Infertile Women and Its Contributions to Primary and Secondary Infertility
Authors: Ahmed Musa AE , Mohammed Abdullah AA , Ilesanmi Abiodun O , Aimakhu Christopher O , Bakhiet Amel O , Hamad Suad BM
Published: January 2022

Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a widespread infectious disease among young women. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of FGTB among infertile women and its contribution to primary and secondary infertility. PubMed, MEDLINE®, WorldCat, The Lens, direct Google search, Google Scholar and ResearchGate were searched from 1971 to July 17, 2021 using the following terms: “prevalence”, “epidemiology”, “urogenital tuberculosis”, “FGTB”, “infertile women”, “infertility complaints” and “FGTB testing methods”. Data were extracted and a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 42 studies were selected with a total of 30,918 infertile women. Of these, the pooled prevalence of FGTB was 20% (95% confidence interval: 15–25%, I2 = 99.94%) and the prevalence of overall infertility, primary infertility and secondary infertility among FGTB population were 88%, 66% and 34%, respectively. The proportion of FGTB is remarkable among infertile women globally. The biggest burden of the disease is present in low-income countries followed by lower-to-middle- and upper-to-middle-income countries.
Keywords: Female Genital Tuberculosis; Female Infertility; Worldwide; Prevalence of FGTB; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Infertility.
Place-based learning: Reflections on the value of repeated field trips
Authors: Christenson Dianne , Roberts Josie , Hipkins Rose
Published: January 2022

This Q&A is based on a conversation with primary school teacher Dianne Christenson about her use of place-based learning in science. The idea for the column took shape as Rose Hipkins listened to Di report back to her co-researchers in a Teaching and Learning Research Initiative (TLRI) project team meeting. Di was talking about her experiences of taking her class to a neighbouring beach, not once, but multiple times. This pricked up the ears of Rose, who was writing a book about complexity theory in education (Hipkins, 2021). Rose wondered if revisiting the same place over time might give students a fuller sense of its ecosystem and a deeper connection to it. Set editor, Josie Roberts, followed up by asking Di some of the questions Rose was keen to know more about.
Using nature sanctuaries to consider sustainable futures
Authors: Milligan Andrea , Ritchie Jenny , McRae Hiria , Gordon Barrie
Published: January 2022

When children and young people participate in education visits to green spaces such as parks, zoos, and nature reserves, little is known about the connections they make to sustainability issues or how they conceptualise sustainable futures. This article uses insights from interviews with children and young people who visited Zealandia Te Māra a Tāne, a predator-free conservation environment in the heart of Wellington, New Zealand. It suggests three place-based approaches to using nature sanctuaries and other learning environments to enrich sustainability education outside the classroom.
Enfermedades cardiometabólicas y la mortalidad por el COVID-19 en el inicio de la pandemia en Colombia
Authors: Gaviria-Salinas Liliana , González-Zapata Laura Inés , Bohorquez-Largo Vanessa , Estrada-Restrepo Alejandro
Published: January 2022

El escenario de la pandemia actual derivada del COVID-19, infección causada por el virus denominado SARS-CoV-2, ha permitido develar la interacción entre enfermedades infecciosas y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, de manera que ha aportado hallazgos que sugieren un aumento en las tasas de mortalidad por COVID-19. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características sociodemográficas y de morbilidad en los fallecimientos ocurridos en Colombia por COVID-19 al 19 de mayo del 2020. Es un estudio descriptivo a partir de reportes del Instituto Nacional de Salud, sobre fallecimientos de casos positivos por COVID-19, del 6 de marzo al 19 de mayo del 2020. La información sobre factores preexistentes se obtuvo de reportes del periódico El Tiempo en notas de prensa publicadas al respecto. Se realizó análisis descriptivo en Excel y SPSS v25. Se identificaron 613 fallecimientos en el periodo. El mayor número de muertes ocurrió en Bogotá D. C. (35,0 %), seguida de Valle de Cauca (10,4 %), Cartagena (8,6 %), Amazonas (7,2 %) y Meta (5,6 %). La edad promedio de las defunciones fue 67,26 ± 16,28 años, siendo el grupo de edad de 60-79 años en el que más muertes se presentaron, con el 50,7 % de los casos. El 60,8 % de las defunciones ocurrió en personas de sexo masculino, y un 80,1 % tenían alguna morbilidad: 36,2 % padecía hipertensión, 19,2 % diabetes mellitus, 17,1 % EPOC, 16,5 % alguna enfermedad cardiovascular, 11,1 % obesidad y un 16,2 % padecía otro tipo de enfermedad sin especificar. El antecedente de morbilidad por patologías cardiometabólicas asociadas con factores alimentarios y nutricionales favorece la mortalidad en personas infectadas por COVID-19 en Colombia.
Ciecze do hydraulicznego szczelinowania na bazie kationowego surfaktantu
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Czupski Marek
Published: January 2022

STRESZCZENIE: Celem prac przedstawionych w artykule było wyselekcjonowanie odpowiednich środków chemicznych i opracowanie systemu cieczy do hydraulicznego szczelinowania skał zbiornikowych ropy naftowej, gazu ziemnego i wody, opartego na surfaktancie. Na wspólnym rynku europejskim występują problemy z dostępnością tego typu systemów płynów, wynikające z rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1907/2006 Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie rejestracji, oceny, udzielania zezwoleń i stosowanych ograniczeń w zakresie chemikaliów (REACH). Do opracowania cieczy szczelinującej użyto w związku z tym kationowego surfaktantu, który jest stosowany jako składnik szamponów, produktów do pielęgnacji włosów i płynów do zmiękczania tkanin, a podejmowane były również próby wykorzystywania go jako środka zmniejszającego opory przepływu. Na podstawie badań reologicznych przeprowadzonych w zakresie od temperatury otoczenia do 80°C opracowane zostały kompozycje cieczy na bazie tego surfaktantu. Testy reologiczne wykazały również, że upłynnianie cieczy na bazie surfaktantu może zachodzić w wyniku ich kontaktu z ropą złożową i/lub na skutek dodania do nich alkoholu pierwszorzędowego. Oprócz pomiarów reologicznych wykonano testy oscylacyjne, co pozwoliło na lepsze rozpoznanie właściwości badanych cieczy. Na ich podstawie w temperaturze 24°C wyznaczono moduł zachowawczy (G′) i moduł stratności (G″) dla cieczy o stężeniu surfaktantu w zakresie od 1,5% do 6,0%. Pozwoliło to na wyznaczenie zakresów częstotliwości, w których dominują właściwości lepkie lub sprężyste poszczególnych cieczy. Badania pęcznienia próbki skały ilasto-mułowcowej bardzo wrażliwej na kontakt z wodą wykazały, że ciecz na bazie kationowego surfaktantu może efektywnie inhibitować pęcznienie minerałów ilastych w stosunku do roztworu jednego z komercyjnych stabilizatorów tym-czasowych. Rezultaty badań zaprezentowane w pracy stanowią podstawę do ewentualnego zastosowania opracowanych kompozycji cieczy w zabiegach hydraulicznego szczelinowania po dobraniu stężenia surfaktantu do temperatury złożowej oraz po dostosowaniu sposobu upłynniania cieczy do założeń projektowych, schematu pompowania i warunków złożowych.
Dylematy moralne i konflikty powinności w polskim systemie opieki zdrowotnej a problem ryzyka zdrowotnego
Authors: Gałuszka Mieczysław
Published: January 2022

Paper presents problems related to health care reform in Poland in the context of health policy and satisfying health needs of the society. Public health care is permanently bothering with distribution and allocation of insufficient resources. The need for rationing access to health care services causes several moral dilemmas and implies conflicts of duty. Limited medical resources are allocated according to vague and generally socially unaccepted criteria. The paper discusses: goals of health care system, moral problems associated with health care reform, rules of rationing of health care benefits and risk resulting from dysfunctional construction of health care system. Patients express their dissatisfaction and believe that health care system is not responsive enough. There is a need for public debate and social acceptance of health risk, which is related to health policy and functioning of health care system.
The criticism of action research in administration as a way of rescue of its potential for the contextualized action
Authors: Soares Angélica Pereira , Dourado Débora Coutinho Paschoal
Published: January 2022

This article aimed to analyze how the action research has been applied in the field of Administration in Brazil. A bibliographical research was carried out from the Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL). For the research corpus, 22 articles were selected, analyzed from four predefined categories: intervention, intervention with participation, beneficiaries, and sociopolitical or technical aspects. The findings indicate that most of the analyzed articles use action research in a limited way, reducing it to a technique for solving management issues and deviating its transformative potentiality. Here, we highlight the importance of an action research that considers the context of those involved, so that ready-made solutions are not applied to the problems of the studied collectivity.
Individual psychological features of engineering students as determinants of professional reliability
Authors:   Tver state technical university, Balakshina Elena V.
Published: January 2022

The article pays attention to the development of professional reliability of a specialist. The period of study at a higher educational institution is of particular interest. A number of indicators are listed that underlie the phenomenon we are studying and that are laid down in this period of time. The priority goals of education are given, which are actively implemented in the university for the training of highly qualified technical professionals. The importance of developing the problem of maintaining the psychological foundations of labor reliability on the example of engineering professions is noted. The essence of the profession of engineer and traditional types of engineering areconsidered. The «niches» of the modern labor market are indicated where there is constant demand in engineering personnel. The list of expectations of the potential employer in relation to the applicant for the engineering and technical position in the organization (in production) is covered. Guided by the theoretical analysis of the work of domestic and foreign researchers, an attempt is made to derive psychological indicators of professional reliability. It describes the relationship of the level of acquired indicators with the leveling of production risks and the quality of work of employees of the enterprise. The emphasis is placed on profiling engineering specialties in order to specify all aspects of the psychological features of the reliability of the engineer's work. Methodological foundations are selected for the study of the specifics of engineering activities as an integrative type (activity approach, systemogenetic, professional, integrative-typological). A list of professionally significant qualities of engineers of different orientations is compiled as a guideline for compiling a psychodiagnostic research program. For ease of description of results, all parameters are enlarged into four master blocks. A set of test material, a student contingent, as well as diagnostic results are described. According to the results, a conclusion is drawn up.
Religious foundations of soviet life: actualization of the hesychasm paradigm in the context of upbuilding of communism
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Eremin Aleksandr V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the religious foundations of Soviet life. The article examines the religious doctrine of Hesychasm, which was developed in the historical and cultural development of Russia, which influenced the development of Russian theology and the social mission of the Church. Hesychasm ideas have become a civilizational determinant that influenced the development of statehood, the specifics of socio-political practices. The author studies the manifestation and significance of the hesychasm paradigm in order to understand its embodiment in the real practices of the Soviet life. According to the author, hesychasm as a cultural paradigm that has influenced the socio-political sphere should be considered not only in a religious context. The author suggests using the «political hesychasm» and «social hesychasm» concepts existing in the scientific field. Historical and cultural analysis of theevolution of the hesychasm doctrine allows us to conclude that the images of the Soviet life are a transformation of hesychasm ideas that influenced many generations of people and served as the basis for new formats of the messianic idea of building an ideal communist society, in which ideas about holy Russia and holy people, which in turn influenced the nature and methods of government in the Soviet era. The author believes that this issue can be studied in the context of trans – and interdisciplinary methodology, where the main one is a culturological approach to understanding the historical dynamics of social consciousness in the context of civilizational specifics. According to the author, with this approach, it is possible to ensure the interconnection of a holistic vision of the cultural experience of Russia
Soviet project for emancipation of women: achievements, problems, results
Authors:   Institute of philosophy of the Russian academy of sciences, Voronina Olga A.
Published: January 2022

The task of the article is to present a reconstruction of the idea and practice of the Soviet experience in «solving the female question». The topic seems relevant in connection with the growing interest in the Soviet past, on the one hand, and the lack of knowledge about this among modern youth – on the other. The article is based, firstly, on a general analysis of the Marxist concept of emancipation of women, which served as the theoretical basis of the Soviet project; secondly, on the description and reconstruction of political documents and campaigns of the Soviet period; thirdly, on the assessment of the real economic and social policies of the Soviet state, sociological and statistical data. As a methodological basis, a gender approach is used, the concept of deconstruction by J. Derrida, the symbolic capital of P. Bourdieu. The author comes to ambiguous conclusions. On the one hand, the Soviet project for the emancipation of women was certainly revolutionary for its time, both in terms of the goals put forward and in the methods of active state policy used. On the other hand, from the very beginning it was marked by internal contradictions that directly stemmed from its Marxist understanding – to make women «assistants to the proletariat». Formally expanding women's rights, public policy has never declared the goal of achieving real gender equality. As a result, a hybrid type of gender system arose in the USSR, combining traditional and modernization norms and institutions. Modernized social institutions continued to be based on traditional perceptions that the natural biological differences between women and men determined their social inequalities. Having freed women from the «power of men,» the state actually and legally appropriated this power to itself. Of course, this alienation of male rights to women in favor of the state not only contribute to the reduction of patriarchal principles of social structure, but also reinforces them. And, unfortunately, in post-Soviet Russia, these trends are only increasing.
Development and transformation of mass culture
Authors:   Academy of state fire-fighting service, Moscow, Lipskiy Vladimir N.
Published: January 2022

The article shows that the phenomenon of mass culture in its current understanding is proceeded by a period of formation. Having begun its transformation with various kinds of mass spectacles even before our era, mass culture only by the middle of the XX century took shape into a modern kind of cultural practice. It is stated that for a long period, mass and «high» art were in opposition, since their value principles contradicted each other. At the same time, there comes a period in the development of mass culture when it needed «fresh» blood for its effective impact on the mass consciousness in the future, and in this situation its interested parties turned their eyes to «high» art. The article suggests that this metamorphosis had a commercial background, but at the same time this transformation marked a new stage in the formation of the analyzed phenomenon. It is shown that having entered into interaction with «high» art, mass culture not only transforms itself, under its influence, but also in a peculiar way initiates changes in the elite art itself. Attention is fixed on the fact that themovement of mass culture resembles a kind of pendulum fluctuations, which are influenced by the system of values that have developed within the framework of the social structure, and the course of the socio-historical process. Depending on this, the use of mechanisms embedded in mass media and mass communication media can transform it into a phenomenon that manifests itself in various ways. This is shown in the article on the material of the use of mass culture as an educational tool at various stages of development: both during the USSR and during the coronavirus pandemic in the 20s of the XXI century, as well as on the material of the use of mass culture mechanisms on political technologies to manipulate public consciousness.
Citizen poet as a cultural hero in russian and chinese poetry: the theme of folk suffering in the works of Du Fu and N. A. Nekrasov
Authors:   Southwest university in Chongqing, Boldyreva Elena M.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the Russian-Chinese cultural dialogue: a citizen poet as a cultural hero in Russian and Chinese poetry on the example of the theme of folk suffering in the works of N. Nekrasov and Du Fu, analyze historical, autobiographical and philosophical determinants of the poets' appeal to civil and folk subjects, considered how archetypal situations, motives and images are actualized in the work of both poets, determined by their writing reputation, their status in the cultural life of the era – the role of a citizen poet, patriot poet, singer of folk suffering. When comparing the works of poets, many typologically similar motifs significant for their artistic world are revealed that represent the theme of folk suffering: steady personosphere, correlation of a subject of national sufferings to motive of wandering and steady top wasps of great Russians and the Chinese rivers, the emotional sphereof the lyrical hero, motive of wretchedness and poverty of the people, motive of national groan and crying of children, motives of beating by a whip and bones of dead persons, motives of soldiering, military service, a landowner and official arbitrariness, inaction and silence of the power, its deafness to national sufferings. Special attention is paid to a subject of a heavy female share in works of poets, epization of their lyrics containing the developed plots reproducing various sides and options of national sufferings and also the system of poems doubles amazingly connected not only separate motive and figurative musters, but also logic of expansion of a lyrical plot, the principles of the subject organization and almost literally repeating verbal formulas. The article concludes that there are similarities and differences in the artistic representation by the poet-citizen of the topic of folk suffering.
Historical forms of human activity: evolution as an object and subject research. Part 2
Authors:   Institute of psychology of the Russian academy of sciences, Tolochek Vladimir A.
Published: January 2022

The second article (part 2) discusses several groups of issues: possible prospects for the evolution of human activity; metamorphoses of their changes as an object and subject of research, etc. It is stated: in the processes of evolution, various forms of social phenomena are generated, develop and function for a long time, few of them are stable; historically, the evolutionary processes of changes in different fragments of social reality are accelerating. In different types of human activity (labor, sports, military, scientific, etc.), both similar and specific features accumulated, which “crystallize” in a few stable forms, are reproduced and repeated in the evolution of other forms and types of activity. The «invariants» of the components of the forms of the historical stages of the evolution of types of activity can persist for a long time and subsequently evolve as the basis of the emerging new forms of activity. Due to the accelerating rate of change in the activities of people, the issues of determining the object and subject of individual private research works (R&D) become permanently topical. The object of individual specific R&D should not be the «activity» of a person; the actual object should be a wider range of phenomena, which we have called the «sphere of activity» — a set of conditions, including both the «object of labor», «object of labor», «means of labor», goals, results, processes that determine the direct actual activity of people, and much preceding it and following it. The set of conditions that determine and accompany a person's labor activity, at the same time, requires the introduction of restrictions on the subject of research, which should be a «situation» reflecting the manifestation (manifestation «here and now») of the sides under study, aspects of the object at the present stage its development, consistent with the tasks of research and development and available methodological and methodological means. If we take as a basis the provisions on the need for the formation of integrative communicative psychology (V. A. Mazilov), in which the subject of psychology is understood broadly as «the inner world of a person», then we must admit that the subject of individual research projects should be only some leading, key «parts» «Inner world of man», actualized by specific activities.
Evenings in St. Petersburg living rooms at the end of Catherine II’s era as a form of interpersonal communication
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Saraeva Elena L.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the culture of communication of nobles at evenings in the capital's living rooms of Russian nobles at the end of the era of Catherine II, when a subculture of educated representatives of high society was already formed under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightenment. The purpose of the study is to identify the culture of St. Petersburg aristocrats of the late XVIII century, the features of which were manifested in their daily interaction. The tasks of the study are to study the degree of popularity of evenings in the living rooms of nobles, Catherine II's perception of the opinions of nobles, the style of nobles’ behavior, the subject of their conversations, a combination of innovations and traditions in leisure life, and in determining the attitude of Petersburgers to foreigners. The sources of the study are the memoirs of foreign and Russian contemporaries: Polish aristocrat A. Czartoryski, French artist E. Vige-Lebren, Anglicans Martha and Catherine Wilmot, Russian journalist F. V. Bulgarin, notes by Catherine II. The methodological basis of the work is the concept of a new cultural history, which involves the study of the person in the context of the social environment, its value guidelines, life attitudes, and norms of communication. In historical literature, the leisure of the capital's nobles is studied, but the features of their interpersonal communication in the evenings in the living rooms of the end of the era of Catherine II are not sufficiently analyzed. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made: metropolitan aristocrats showed great interest in interaction, evenings in the living rooms performed a communicative function, stimulated the study of European literature and art, languages, and contributed to the development of polemic skills. The culture of Russian nobles of the end of the era of Catherine II in work is characterized as «Russian European», combining knowledge of French literature, art and the properties of the Russian mentality: generosity, hospitality, respect for the monarchy, perception of serfdom as the natural state of peasants. The nobles spent evenings in the living rooms of contemporaries explained their desire for communication, which satisfied their needs of social, spiritual and entertaining nature.
Comparative analysis of deficits in formation of pedagogical values at different stages of professionalization
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Ansimova Nina P.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the deficient development of pedagogical values of representatives of the pedagogical community who are at different levels of professionalization: students of pedagogical classes and pedagogical colleges, students and teachers of pedagogical universities, and the administration of educational institutions. The study used a questionnaire and a modified version of the Must-test. Values that have the last places in the ranking of all participants in the educational process have been identified. It was found out that values from all the identified groups fall into the deficit area: values — relationships, values — qualities, values — knowledge, values focused on the professional activities of the teacher, the educational environment and the child. For all categories of study participants, the most insignificant values turned out to be in the field of ensuring the effective development and education of students. Common values and values specific to different levels of professionalization were identified: for schoolchildren and students, information about the comfort and safety of the educational environment and a tolerant attitude to individual characteristics, as well as knowledge of the ways of targeting, planning and organizing their own independent activities turned out not to be important; teachers have the dominance of declared values over real ones, the ability to combine demanding and respect for the student, to create success situations for the student. Secondary school teachers do not consider it important to be able to motivate students and tolerate their originality. Higher school teachers do not place emphasis to modern types of professional activities (project, research and reflexive) and do not consider it important to involve students into them. Administrative staff of educational institutions pay little attention to cooperation with all participants in the educational process and actually deny the role of feedback in its organization
Enterprise Internationalization, Trademark Internationalization and Enterprise Value ---Based on Empirical Evidence of Listed Companies in Western China
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yang Jia , Wang Xuan
Published: January 2022

Trademark internationalization is an important part of enterprise internationalization, and the degree of enterprise internationalization will inevitably affect the level of trademark internationalization. The practice shows that the degree of enterprise internationalization has different effects on the level of trademark internationalization and enterprise value. This article takes the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises in western China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object, discusses and empirically tests the impact of trademark internationalization on enterprise value, and analyzes the moderating effect of the degree of enterprise internationalization on the relationship between the two. The study found that the level of trademark internationalization has a positive impact on enterprise value, but the degree of enterprise internationalization will have a negative impact on the relationship between the level of trademark internationalization and enterprise value. Compared with non-high-tech enterprises, the degree of internationalization of high-tech enterprises has a more significant negative regulatory effect on the level of trademark internationalization and enterprise value.