bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New model of Oral Mucositis with 5-Fluorouracil chemo-induced in Wistar rats without the use of anesthesics
Authors: VIEIRA Wellington Dorigheto Andrade , AARESTRUP Fernando Monteiro , AARESTRUP Beatriz Julião Vieira , CHAVES Maria das Graças Afonso Miranda , CAMPOS Maria Inês da Cruz
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) is considered the most frequent acute side effect of the antineoplasic treatment, with ulcerative lesions resulting from a painful symptomatology, affecting the oral cavity in response to the Antineoplastic treatment. In order to study these side effects, experiments in animal models are necessary, using antineoplastic drugs for the induction of OM and anesthetics, mainly Ketamine and Xylazine, to perform scarification of the cheeks. Objective: The goal is to report an experimental model of induced OM, without the use of anesthetics for the scarification stage of the animal cheeks. Methods: Fourty five male Wistar rats, 7 weeks old and weighting 220g, were used, divided into 2 groups; with OM induced by 5-Fluorouracil intraperitoneal administration. Two days later, Group I was physically contained, in contrast, Group II were anesthetized with Ketamine and Xylazine, focusing on irritating the cheek mucosa using the tip of a sterile needle, in order to potentialize the development of OM. The animals were euthanized with an anesthetic overdose. Results: Concerning the experiment of 5-Fluorouracil chemo-induced of OM, where the irritation was performed by physical containment, without the use of anesthetics (Ketamine and Xylazine), the animals had a longer survivability and a rapid improvement of the side effects induced by chemotherapy. Conclusion: This new model is promising, considering that the use of anesthetics (Ketamine and Xylazine) showed a high mortality rate. In the absence of anesthesia, all the animals survived until the end of the experiment involving chemotherapy model with 5-Fluorouracil and physical restraint.
Evaluation of a Training Program for Credit Union Counselors
Authors: Nascimento Aline de Sousa , Abbad Gardênia da Silva
Published: November 2021

Abstract Training, Development, and Education assessments have intensified in recent decades, and empirical evidence proves their effectiveness in organizational outcomes. However, the literature shows little research on the results of training in cooperative organizations. This study aimed to evaluate a training program for credit union counselors based on Training, Development, and Education evaluation models associated with logical models. This is an empirical study with a qualitative design. Data collection was performed through an analysis of 229 documents, three semi-structured individual interviews, and a focus group. The results of the research corroborate findings related to the usefulness of the integrated use of systemic evaluation approaches and indicate that these models apply to the context of cooperative training. This study fills a methodological gap in the field of instructional psychology in third sector organizations.
(Obs)cena e espetáculo em Carolina Maria de Jesus: reflexões a partir de seus manuscritos inéditos
Authors: Rosito Valeria
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Este artigo se volta para um recorte de manuscritos inéditos de Carolina Maria de Jesus, produzidos entre 1958 e 1962, que registram conflitos emergentes com sua profissionalização como “autora” para o projeto editorial protagonizado pelo seu best-seller. Trata-se do embate entre uma visão lapidada da “favelada” - como testemunha de primeira pessoa e “repórter” - ao contrário do desejo prismático da mineira pela escrita criativa e “descolada” dos referentes que lhe eram imediatos. O exame busca caracterizar [a] a pós-modernidade / contemporaneidade a partir de sensibilidades periféricas em interseção de gênero, raça e classe, em vista da desarticulação do tempo e de narrativas lineares (Agamben, 2009); [b] a exacerbação do exercício escópico (Santiago, 2002); e [c] os efeitos generalizados de tal intensificação traduzidos por subjetividades fantasmáticas, em acelerado processo de alienação, reificação e espetacularização (Lukács, 2003).
Diálogos abertos: Cândido Portinari, Mino Cerezo Barredo e Cláudio Pastro em Batatais
Authors: Tostes Andréa Franzoni
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Os contextos políticos e sociais que permitiram a produção de três importantes acervos de arte sacra para a cidade de Batatais, interior do estado de São Paulo, entre 1950 e 2010, serão considerados neste artigo pelos argumentos dos próprios autores: Cândido Portinari (1903-1962), Maximino Cerezo Barredo (1932) e Claudio Pastro (1948-2016). Em momentos diferentes, cada um a seu modo retratou o homem e a fé de seu tempo, em diálogos críticos e singulares com a história e, exatamente, por isso, criaram documentos significativos para compreender a trajetória percorrida pela humanidade e pela cultura religiosa católica na segunda metade do século XX.
Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken at refrigeration and cooking temperatures
Authors: Vaz Clarissa Silveira Luiz , Voss-Rech Daiane , Rebelatto Raquel , Duarte Sabrina Castilho , Coldebella Arlei , Bessa Marjo Cadó
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the reduction of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken meat at 6 and 70°C, after the inoculation of a Brazilian strain. The kinetics of C. jejuni survival showed a 0.26 log (CFU g-1) decrease for each day of exposure at 6°C, and a 1.35 log (CFU g-1) decrease for each 1 log increase at 70°C. Although reduced levels of C. jejuni were found after regular intervals at both temperatures, its incomplete inactivation underlines the need of good hygiene practices for consumers to avoid campylobacteriosis.
Venice Architecture Biennale 2021: The Mystery of the Disappearing Buildings
Authors: Harvey Neil Morris
Published: November 2021

Architecture in the last century has been a rollercoaster journey ofreputation and public esteem. And like most such journeys, it had its start inthe century before. By the 1870s many European architects felt theirdisciplinary space was subject to two incursions: firstly, as the Germantheorist Gottfried Semper put it, they had become mere specialists in‘dressing’, covering with ornament structures exclusively designed byengineers; secondly, there was an increasing sense that such a vocabulary ofornament had, disappointingly, become mere historical pastiche, and the past centuryof unprecedented technological progress had yet to produce its own style. @font-face{font-family:Arial;panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}@font-face{font-family:Arial;panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}@font-face{font-family:Calibri;panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}.MsoPapDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;} 
Shifting Perspectives: A cinematic dialogue about Synthetic Biology in a more-than-human world
Authors: Pini Sarah , Ramos Melissa , George Jestin
Published: November 2021

The short experimental film Shifting Perspectives stems from a collaborative research project initiated in 2019 in Sydney, Australia, during the ‘Choreographic Hack Lab'—a week-long laboratory co-presented by Critical Path and Sydney Festival in partnership with the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences (MAAS), which asked artists and academics to rethink and respond to the idea of the Anthropocene (Pini & George, 2019). The film was later developed in 2020 during a Responsive Residency at Critical Path, Sydney, awarded to anthropologist and choreographer Sarah Pini in collaboration with Jestin George, biotechnologist and visual artist, and Melissa Ramos, visual artist and filmmaker. This work aims to open a multivocal interdisciplinary dialogue across screendance, performance and synthetic biology. Inspired by a recent conversation between two leaders in the field of synthetic biology (Sarah Richardson and Tom Knight) and their divergent approaches to working with microbial life (Agapakis, 2019), the film invites to consider how collaborating with microorganisms can reshape our future in a more-than-human world. 
Choreographic Encounters in XR: Reflections on Dancing in/Dancing with the Digital
Authors: Weber Rebecca , Cook Joanna
Published: November 2021

This article presents findings from first-person accounts of shifting choreographic practice into mixed-reality environments. Dancing in/Dancing with the Digital, a transdisciplinary practice-based project exploring embodiment and movement in XR. In the research and design phases of the project, all authors kept reflective practice journals, which form the data for this auto-ethnographic and phenomenologically-driven reflexive practice analysis. We further support these perspectives by user-testing with professional dancers and the engineering students who developed the XR configurations. Through a kaleidoscope of perspectives, including dance, psychology, somatic practices, digital technologies, and design approaches, we explore embodied awareness and practice in existing and novel XR design. Themes discussed include elements of disorientation in digital environments and touch as a grounding point, the prospect of multimodal creative stimuli, complications of representation in digital spaces, and the digital-as-site for choreography.
Mapping the Black Comic Imaginary: Beyond the Black Panther at the MSU Museum
Authors: Chambliss Julian C
Published: November 2021

The historical link between Afrofuturism and comics offers a vital avenue to explore black speculative practice. Identifying comics that reflect the structure of Afrofuturism provides a critical way to understand the intersection between liberation and speculation at the heart of Afrofuturism. This commentary explores the curator’s framing of the utility of organizing Beyond the Black Panther: Visions of Afrofuturism in American Comics, an exhibition presented virtually and physically at the MSU Museum in Michigan State University in East Lansing, MI, USA. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the MSU Museum was closed to the public and this exhibition was re-imagined as a virtual experience and published online in February 2021.
Phonetic indices of syllabic organization in German stop-lateral clusters
Authors: Sotiropoulou Stavroula , Gafos Adamantios
Published: November 2021

Using articulatory data from five German speakers, we study how segmental sequences under different syllabic organizations respond to perturbations of phonetic parameters in the segments that compose them. Target words contained stop-lateral sequences /bl, gl, kl, pl/ in word-initial and cross-word contexts and were embedded in carrier phrases with different prosodic boundaries, i.e., no phrase boundary versus an utterance phrase boundary preceded the target word in the case of word-initial clusters, or separated the consonants in the case of cross-word sequences. For word-initial cluster (CCV) onsets, we find that increasing C1 stop duration or the lag between two consonants leads to earlier vowel initiation and reduced local timing stability across CV, CCV. Furthermore, as the inter-consonantal lag increases, C2 duration decreases. In contrast, for cross-word C#CV sequences, increasing inter-consonantal lag does not lead to earlier vowel initiation and robust local timing stability is maintained across CV, C#CV. In other words, in CCV sequences within words, local perturbations to segments have effects that ripple through the rest of the sequence. Instead, in cross-word C#CV sequences, local perturbations stay local. Overall, the findings indicate that the effects of phonetic perturbations on coordination patterns depend on the syllabic organization superimposed on these clusters.
Ethic of Science: Classic Norms and Modern Deformations
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Ablazhey Anatoly
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the problems of the professional ethos of science genesis and its transformation in the context of modern realities. There is a brief description of the classical norms of the scientific ethos (universalism, communalism, disinterestedness and organized skepticism), formulated by R. Merton in the late 1930s and early 1940s, in response to the sharp exacerbation of the problem of science’s autonomy in the conditions of totalitarian regimes. The key idea of Merton is especially emphasized: compliance with the norms is aimed primarily at optimizing the process of scientific production and, thereby, the most effective solution to the main goal of science – the increasing of certified knowledge volume. The concept of the ethical imperatives of a scientific profession was almost immediately criticized for being ‘idealistic’ and ‘disconnected from real life’, and by the end of the 1960s it intensified many times over. You can find the examples of critical attitude to the concept of Merton, also we described the alternative versions of the norms of scientific ethos (in the interpretation of Mitroff and Fuller). It has been established that under the conditions of academic capitalism, which implies the incorporation of market culture into the system of scientific research, a negative deformation of classical norms occurs, in practice creating barriers to the production of knowledge and disrupting the practice of communication within the scientific community. The result of this deformation is the system of relationships between scientists, described by Ziman in the framework of the concept of ‘post-academic science’. Evidence is presented that the process of degradation of norms is further intensified in the conditions of cognitive capitalism and neoliberal science. Using the example of modern Russian science, the author shows that the result of such degradation is, for example, the exacerbation of the problem of plagiarism. Methods of counteracting such practice are briefly described using the example of modern Russian science, such as the creation of a Dissernet community or a special commission to counteract falsification of scientific research within the framework of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In a theoretical sense, in the context of the philosophy and sociology of science, the concept of ‘two ethics’ proposed by B. Pruzhinin, looks productive. B. Pruzhinin singles out the specific ethos of fundamental and applied science.
American Revolution: Sociocultural Discourse
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rozin Vadim
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes two approaches to explaining the American Revolution. The first belongs to Irina Zhezhko-Brown, who in her works examines the features and formation of social technologies created by the left in the United States, their application in the struggle for power, the transformation of the consciousness and behavior of social subjects, the emasculation of the original democratic principles and other social processes. Vadim Rozin, being not only a methodologist, but also a culturologist, outlines another explanation - culturological. At the same time, he puts forward a hypothesis according to which modernity is a complex double process of a parallel crisis of the culture of modernity and the emergence of “postculture”, which for the time being is manifested for researchers in the trends of sociality. The author of the article considers it necessary to consider the American Revolution by combining both approaches (from the point of view of social sciences and cultural studies), that is, to implement a sociocultural approach and discourse. For this, he first characterizes the social and cultural approaches separately. If the selection and characterization of culture presupposes procedures for comparing different cultures, analysis of the integrity of culture and an invariant vision of the world, then sociality is set by the processes of directed social change, management and power. Then, relying on the material of the reconstruction of the modern American revolution, which was proposed by I. Zhezhko-Brown, the author outlines a sociocultural explanation. In particular, he claims that the successes of the quiet and invisible for many “step-by-step American revolution” can be explained not only by effective social technology and the connivance of the ruling class, but also by the fact that guided social changes are taking place against the background of parallel processes of the completion of modernity and the formation of post-culture.
“Red Funeral”. New Funeral Rites in Early Soviet Russia
Authors:   Institute of History of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Savin Andrey , Teplyakov Alexey ,   Institute of History of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the emergence of the so-called red funeral ritual in the 1920s in Soviet Russia as an important component of political everyday life. The first part of the article examines the funeral rituals of representatives of the Bolshevik elite. The second part attempts to characterize the transformation of funeral rites among the “common” population. The analysis undertaken clearly shows the undoubted political and public nature of funeral rituals in early Soviet Russia. Initially, Soviet funeral rituals were powerfully influenced by radical utilitarianism and total nihilistic denial of the religious worldview, intensified by the excesses of the World War, Revolution and Civil War. Nevertheless, nihilism and utilitarianism, the highest expression of which was the idea of cremation, were quickly pushed out by a new funeral ritual, the key elements of which were demonstration and “theatrical ritual” with its music, processions, pretentious speeches and fireworks, in many respects borrowed from military funerals. The main role in the emergence of the red funeral ritual was played by the cult of fallen heroes, which in turn was a guarantee of political immortality of the Bolshevik leaders. As a result, the red funeral became an important element of the alternative Bolshevik culture. The concept of Vladimir Buldakov, who characterized revolutionary funeral rituals as “neo-pagan”, is at least controversial. The attempt to make funerals of the Bolshevik elites a model for mass funerals collided with conservative rituals, especially in the countryside. With regard to the 1920s, at best, we can talk about the emergence of a kind of “the effect of dual faith", a specific symbiosis of red and religious funeral rites. Thus, in the 1920s, the process of a new Soviet ritualism development was far from complete, including the Soviet party and state elites, as evidenced by the fluctuations between party asceticism with its utilitarian attitude to ashes and splendid funerals of leaders.
Polemics on Concepts of Evil and Divine Providence in Jewish Medieval Philosophy: Cases of Gersonides and Crescas
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sleptsova Valeriya
Published: November 2021

This paper is devoted to the analysis and to the comparison of concepts on theodicy and on the nature of evil that was developed by two medieval Jewish philosophers. They are Levi ben Gershom (Gersonides or Ralbag, 1288-1344) and Hasdai Crescas (1340-1410/12). The sources of the analysis are the third chapter of the fourth book of the “Wars of the Lord” (1329) by Gersonides and the second chapter of the second book of the “Light of the Lord” (1410) by Crescas. Both philosophers assert that evil essentially cannot come from God. The causes of evil are the sinfulness of human beings, or the celestial bodies, or the breaking of the connection between human and God. The problem of evil and injustice in this world are closely related for Gersonides and Crescas to other problems, such as divine knowledge of future events, free will, reasons for reward and punishment. Gersonides and Crescas differ considerably on these issues. Gersonides demonstrates that God is not an essential source of evil. He proceeded to build on this statement with the fallacy of the opinion that divine providence extends to individuals. After all, said Gersonides, retribution would make God a source of evil. And in this case, righteous men would always be rewarded, and sinners would always be punished for their sins. But obviously this is not the case. Crescas, in contrast to Gersonides, claims that God knows individuals. This does not prevent him from agreeing with Ralbagh that God is not the source of evil. According to Crescas, any punishment or suffering (even for the righteous) always leads to good. It is obvious therefore that Crescas adheres to a more traditional position, trying, inter alia, to bring his thoughts as close as possible to the ideas expressed in the Torah. Gersonides adheres to a position close to the ideas of Maimonides. Gersonides, in the author’s opinion, created a philosophical concept that is more consistent in comparison with Crescas’ conception, however more distant from the Jewish teaching.
Institucionalização na velhice: uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre preditores em contexto de Estruturas Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI)
Authors: Crispim Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Um vasto conjunto de pessoas idosas necessita de cuidados específicos. A ausência de rede de suporte e/ou a existência deficitária desta impulsiona a solicitar apoio às ERPI. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar, à luz da literatura nacional e internacional, os fatores preditores da institucionalização em ERPI. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados WEB OF SCIENCE, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS e demais artigos relevantes. A amostra final foi constituída por 26 estudos. Os preditores de institucionalização de pessoas idosas identificados com forte evidência foram: perda de saúde e autonomia das pessoas mais velhas, bem como da inexistência, incapacidade e ausência de rede de apoio informal que garanta o apoio nas AVD e AIVD daqueles que experienciam a velhice. Estudos desta natureza oferecem alertas acerca dos públicos que atualmente recorrem às ERPI e aqueles que futuramente surgirão. Fornecem-nos indicadores valiosos que permitirão (re)configurar os cuidados às pessoas idosas nos estabelecimentos residenciais agora e no futuro. Por fim, permite aos interventores sociais (re)fundarem matérias essenciais de atuação e reflexão na Gerontologia e, no caso particular, no Serviço Social.
A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery v1
Authors: Howard Ryan , Brown Craig , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Englesbe Michael , Waljee Jennifer , Bicket Mark , Ryan Andrew , Brummett Chad
Published: November 2021

The Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network (OPEN) at the University of Michigan was established in 2016 with the goal of reducing excessive opioid prescribing after surgery using evidence-based prescribing guidelines. Beginning in July 2016, OPEN began a statewide quality improvement campaign to educate providers and share prescribing best practices. In October 2017, the first prescribing guidelines were released. Although these efforts have been associated with significant decreases in postoperative opioid prescribing, it is unknown whether the incidence of new persistent opioid use after surgery has changed as well. This retrospective study examines the effect of these efforts on new persistent opioid use after surgery compared to the rest of the United States - including other states where no such program existed - using a difference-in-differences approach.
Guidance for populating GenomeTrakr metadata templates (BioSample and SRA) v7
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: Guidance on how to populate NCBI's metadata packages, maximizing interoperability for foodborne pathogen surveillance. SCOPE: This protocol provides detailed instructions for populating the following two templates: 1. BioSample metadata: guidelines to populate the GenomeTrakr-extended pathogen package. 2. SRA metadata: NCBI's generic sequence metadata template for SRA submissions. Versions: v6: Added the One Health Enteric package presented at IAFP 2021 meeting. v7: Updated the picklists in the GenomeTrakr-extended pathogen package, "GT-pathogen package-OHE v0.2.2.xlsx" and added an incremental update file for the DRAFT One Health Enteric Package that includes extensive edits compared to v6.
Depression Detection Algorithm v1
Authors: Marzia Haque Umme
Published: November 2021

The study has used data from YMM. The Yes/No variables that had a low correlation with target variable have been removed. To extract the most relevant features , the high correlated variables with the target variable , the Boruta method was used in conjunction with a Random Forest( RF) Classifier. To select suitable supervised learning models, the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool To select suitable supervised learning models, the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOTclassifier) has been employed. RF, XGBoost (XGB), Decision Tree (DT), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB) have been employed in the depression identification step.has been employed. RF, XGBoost (XGB), Decision Tree (DT), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB) were employed in the depression identification step.
The Diet of a Roosting Population of Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensis in Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: Nor Hashim Noorul Ezyan , Mansor Mohammad Saiful , Abdullah Nurul Ashikin , Ramli Rosli
Published: November 2021

Communal roosting by urban birds, such as crows, mynas, and starlings, can be a public nuisance due to excessive noise and fouling of the surroundings with droppings. Food availability within proximity to the roosting area is one of the key factors influencing roosting site preference and fidelity. The diets of roosting mynas and crows have been well-studied, yet little is known about the diet of the Asian glossy starling (AGS), Aplonis panayensis. This study focused on assessing the diet of roosting AGS and food resource availability around the roosting area. The AGS diet was assessed through microscopic analysis of stomach contents and droppings. The diet mainly consisted of fruits (76%) with a minor component of animal materials, i.e. ants, snails, and beetle larvae. Intact seeds found in the samples were identified using DNA barcoding. Seven out of the nine plant species detected were new records for the AGS diet. The most common fruit found in the samples was Trema orientalis, which grows extensively along roadsides within foraging areas of AGS. The availability of fruits of different fast-growing pioneer species around the roosting site ensured a continuous supply of food to the birds. Animal materials, which were consumed by chance during foraging, supplemented the fruit in the bird’s diet. Hence, the birds’ preference for the roosting site may have been influenced by the availability of various food resources around it.
Sintesis, Aktiviti Antiplasmodium dan Kesitotoksikan secara in vitro Sebatian Porfirin Logam ke atas Strain Plasmodium falciparum K1
Authors: Mohd Radzuan Nuur Haziqah , Norazmi Nur Aqilah Zahirah , Ali Amatul Hamizah , Abu Bakar Muntaz , Agustar Hani Kartini , Mohd Abd Razak Mohd Ridzuan , Hassan Nurul Izzaty
Published: November 2021

Jangkitan malaria adalah penyakit berjangkit serius yang disebabkan oleh parasit plasmodium dan harus dirawat sebagai perubatan kecemasan. Sehingga kini, tiada vaksin yang sudah dikomersialkan untuk mencegah malaria. Enam sebatian porfirin logam nikel(II) dan zink(II) berasaskan porfirinmeso bebas bes 5,15-difenilporfirin (2), 5,15-diheksilporfirin (3) dan 5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirin (4) iaitu NiDDHP, NiDPP, NiTPP, ZnDHP, ZnDPP dan ZnTPP dihasilkan melalui penyejatan Lindsey sebelum dicirikan secara spektroskopi (resonans magnet nukleus, ultra lembayung boleh nampak, spektrometri jisim) dan fizikal (takat lebur). Aktiviti antiplasmodium dan kesitotoksikan secarain vitro terhadap strain rintang-klorokuina, P. falciparum K1 dinilai dan dibandingkan dengan aktiviti antiplasmodium dadah rujukan seperti klorokuina dan artemisinin. ZnDHP, ZnTPP dan NiDPP merencat pertumbuhan parasit dengan 50% kepekatan perencatan berkesan (EC50) dalam julat aktiviti antiplasmodium sederhana iaitu 21.4 sehingga 36.0 µM. Aktiviti kesitotoksikan terhadap sel mamalia Vero yang ditunjukkan oleh NiDPP, ZnDHP dan ZnTPP berada dalam julat tidak toksik iaitu 97 sehingga 587 µM. ZnDHP mempunyai nilai indeks pemilihan yang paling tinggi iaitu 27.2 µM, menunjukkan aktiviti antiplasmodium yang selektif terhadap perencatan plasmodium dan tidak toksik terhadap sel mamalia.
The Digitalisation in Cobalt-Chromium Framework Fabrication. Surface Roughness Analysis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abdul Rahim Aini Hayati , Zanul Abidin Zubaidah , Yunus Norsiah
Published: November 2021

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a new technique in fabricating cobalt-chromium denture framework. However, the surface properties of cobalt-chromium denture framework fabricated using the aforementioned technique have not been widely investigated. The aim of this paper was to investigate the surface roughness of cobalt-chromium alloy in removable partial denture fabricated with SLM technique. Cobalt-chromium denture frameworks were fabricated with two techniques (n = 10); the conventional lost-wax casting (conventional group) and SLM techniques (SLM group). Specimens from the conventional group were subjected to the standard cobalt-chromium denture polishing protocols. No treatment was employed for specimens from the SLM group. All specimens were subjected to surface roughness measurement on polished and fitting surfaces using non-contact optical three-dimensional metrology and surface roughness analysis machine (Infinite Focus Real 3D Alicona). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in surface roughness between the specimens from conventional and SLM groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in surface roughness between the polished and fitting surfaces of SLM specimens (p > 0.05). Surface roughness quality of the cobalt-chromium denture framework fabricated with the SLM technique is comparable to that fabricated with the conventional lost-wax casting technique. The surface roughness of SLM fabricated cobalt-chromium denture frameworks carries the same surface roughness quality between the polished and fitting surfaces.
The Impact of Different Types of Orthodontic Appliances and Its Location in Producing CT Scan Artefacts
Authors: Mohammed Mahmud , Ab. Rahman Norma , Zaidin Samsudin Ahmad Hadif
Published: November 2021

Fixed orthodontic appliances can produce metal artefacts in CT images which may degrade the diagnostic image quality. The study aimed to evaluate the artefacts based on the types and location of the metallic and non-metallic orthodontic brackets. This is an in-vitro cross-sectional study. Four different types of orthodontic brackets (stainless steel, titanium, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline ceramic bracket) were bonded consecutively in four different locations of the cadaveric skull. All scans were performed by a single operator using the same CT machine followed by a standard scanning protocol. Artefact intensity for all data sets was quantified by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of the grey values within the dataset by following a standard method. The One-way ANOVA Bonferroni test was used for the data analysis. The mean artefact score of the stainless steel bracket was significantly (p < 0.001) high in comparison with other types of the orthodontic brackets. Besides, the mean artefact score was significantly (p=0.002) low when orthodontic brackets were placed unilaterally. Stainless steel brackets produced a significant amount of noise in CT images which can degrade the diagnostic image quality. Thus, the polycrystalline ceramic bracket can be a better alternative of stainless steel brackets for patient need frequent CT scan.
Evaluation of the Relationships between Corneal Parameters, Ocular Biometry, and Myopia Magnitude
Authors: Hairol Mohd Izzuddin , Arif Norlaili , Yong Pui Theng , Saleh Ali Mariah Asem Shehadeh , Nik Idris Nik Nor Adlina , Ng Li Ching
Published: November 2021

Axial length of the eye correlates with the magnitude of myopia. However, there are conflicting reports on the relationship between certain corneal parameters with myopia magnitude. The objective of this study was to compare ocular biometry and corneal parameters between emmetropic and myopic groups. Participants (n=127) were categorized as emmetropia (spherical equivalent, SE, ±0.50D), low myopia (-0.75D≤SE<-6.00D) and high myopia (SE≥-6.00D). The difference in axial length, anterior chamber depth, and vitreous chamber depth between emmetrope, low myope, and high myope were highly significant (one-way ANOVA, all p<0.001) with significant correlations between SE and all these parameters (simple regressions, all p<0.001). However, central corneal thickness, corneal radius of curvature, and corneal asphericity between these groups, and the correlations between the ocular parameters with SE were not significantly different (all p>0.05). Corneal curvature correlated significantly with axial length (p=0.001) but not with myopia magnitude (p=0.91). Rather than myopia magnitude, axial length appears to be more sensitive to detect changes in corneal curvature in myopes. In conclusion, myopic patients’ axial length should be carefully considered for interventions that involve the cornea, such as orthokeratology and refractive surgery.
Keterlarutan Selulosa, Pelarut dan Produk Selulosa yang Dijana Semula: Suatu Ulasan
Authors: Mohd Salleh Kushairi , Zakaria Sarani , Mostapha Marhaini , Amran Umar Adli , Wan Nadhari Wan Noor Aidawati , Ibrahim Nur Ain
Published: November 2021

Selulosa ialah polimer semula jadi yang boleh diperbaharui dan biasanya ditemui di dalam dinding sel tumbuhan. Interaksi hidrofobik yang kompleks serta sifat amfifilik menyebabkan ia sukar dilarutkan dan seterusnya membataskan penggunaannya secara menyeluruh. Pemahaman kepada struktur kimia dan fiziknya membolehkan proses pelarutan berlaku dengan penggunaan jenis pelarut yang bersesuaian. Namun, pelarut sedia ada bukanlah yang terbaik dan efisien terhadap pelarutan selulosa. Sehingga kini, kajian kepada jenis pelarut dan mekanisme pelarutan masih menjadi topik utama penyelidikan. Selulosa yang terlarut pula boleh dijana semula kepada produk fizikal yang lain, contohnya hidrogel, aerogel, kriogel dan xerogel. Produk yang dijana semula daripada selulosa yang terlarut boleh diacukan kepada pelbagai bentuk yang mempunyai struktur tulang yang kuat dan bersifat hidrofilik, bioserasi dan terbiodegradasi. Potensi dalam aplikasi yang pelbagai serta terbukti sebagai alternatif kepada polimer sintetik menjadikan polimer semula jadi ini berpotensi besar dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Maka, ulasan kajian terhadap selulosa, jenis pelarut serta produk yang dijana semula daripadanya menjadi fokus dalam penulisan makalah ini.
An Expression of Self-Determination: Incorporating Alaska Native Knowledge into Community-Driven Energy Sovereignty
Authors: Brewer Joseph P.
Published: November 2021

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) systems continue to demonstrate that they play a significant role in developing working relationships between Indigenous communities and the world. By narrowing TEK’s application to ecologically distinct regions, we begin to understand that Indigenous peoples’ local knowledge of a place is experienced and observed over time, and how the incorporation of these knowledge systems can strengthen community initiatives. The study of Alaskan Native knowledge (ANK) that is the focus of this article is specific to cultural regions of Alaska and to areas where certain communities live. To better understand the importance of this “Local ANK,” the author explored its incorporation during a timber harvest in Fort Yukon, Alaska and completed first-person interviews with project personnel of the wood-to-energy project. Local ANK is paramount in the planning and implementation of industrial projects that move Alaskan Natives towards self-determination.
Playing (the Casino) Indian: Native American Roles in Peak TV
Authors: Mohler Courtney Elkin
Published: November 2021

The current television era, sometimes called “Peak TV,” was ushered in with serious creatordriven shows of the late 1990s. The increasingly frequent Indian character type of the manipulative, money-hungry, and usually criminal casino “chief”/CEO simultaneously offers dramatically significant guest-star roles for Native actors and reflects a neoliberal version of the Noble Savage fit for twenty-first century audiences. This article analyzes examples of the “casino Indian: characterization found in the award-winning television dramas The Sopranos, Big Love, The Killing and House of Cards. Adapting the figure of the imagined “Indian” to suit the anxieties of our political and economic moment, each of these critically acclaimed shows have created an image of “Indianness” in relation to “casinos” and thereby have added the casino Indian trope to the long-established line of “Indian” characters crafted by non-Native “experts,” writers, and artists of the stage and screen.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT ROOT EXTRACTS OF Ageratum conyzoides AND THEIR POTENTIAL BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, Ahmad Tanveer , Rasheed Tahir ,   Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia., Qamar Sarmad Ahmad ,   State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China., Bilal Muhammad ,   School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
Published: November 2021

The present study was conducted to determine different classes of secondary metabolites of Ageratum conyzoides root extracts and to evaluate their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal potentialities using various pathogenic fungal and different gram-positive/gram-negative bacterial strains. The roots powder was subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction with n-hexane, acetone, ethanol, and EtOH:H2O(1:1). The screening of phytochemicals indicated the existence of terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, sterols, flavonoids, and glycosides in the root extract of A. conyzoides. However, the absence of saponins, tannins, anthocyanidins, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins was observed. The results indicated a reasonable antibacterial (against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria), and antifungal potential. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract was highest against all four strains of bacteria and was also comparable to the standard medicines used. However, antifungal activity was highest in EtOH:H2O (1:1) extract. Moderate antioxidant properties were also demonstrated, favoring the importance of the roots of this plant from a medicinal point of view.
A WEB-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG INDIANS REVEALS A WILLINGNESS SHIFT REGARDING COVID-19 VACCINE UPTAKE AFTER THE SECOND WAVE
Authors:   Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow- 226031, India, Kamboj Sakshi , Srivastava Siya ,   Department of Computer science and engineering, Babu Banarasi Das National institute of technology & management (BBDNITM), Lucknow- 226028, India, Siddiqui Sana ,   Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, Rajasthan-304022, India, Singh Rohit ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Education, C-1/A, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201309, India
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the shift in willingness regarding the COVID-19 vaccine after the second wave. The study attempts to understand the willingness towards COVID-19 vaccination by assessing the public's knowledge, concerns, and attitude regarding the vaccine. Between May 16 to May 28, 2021, the individuals of the general population were invited to fill the online questionnaire. Total 711 participants had given their informed consent and completed the questionnaire on their background and vaccination behavior-related variables such as knowledge, practices, and their concerns regarding the vaccine. Before the launching of the vaccine, people were less likely to get vaccinated (63.6%); however, once the second wave hit India, attitudes towards vaccines shifted dramatically, and the figure increased to 84.4%. A significant proportion of the population is now willing to take the vaccine. There are several socio-demographic differences regarding knowledge and concerns related to vaccines, especially in age and gender groups. The success of a COVID-19 vaccination program is determined not just by the vaccine's efficacy, but also by its uptake. To ensure optimum vaccination uptake, there is an immediate need for the most effective policy and communication.
Modelling of structure of material for the description of frequency dispersion of dielectric permeability of quartz glass
Authors: Krylov V.P.
Published: November 2021

Statement of a problem the empirical models of calculation of frequency dispersion of dielectric permeability based on dipol representations of structure material are known. Modeling of representation of substance in the form of non-uniform multilayered structure also allows to find electrodynamic parameters of materials therefore the possibility of the description by means of this model of frequency properties of dielectric permeability of quartz glass in a strip of frequencies from radio to optical range is considered. Purpose. Calculation of frequency dependence of dielectric permeability material at the expense of an interference of the falling wave on the plate presented in the form of model of non-uniform multilayered structure. Results. The model of representation of non-uniform material in the form of multilayered plane-parallel structure for calculations within geometrical optics of parameters of the reflected wave when falling a flat wave on a plate is investigated at an angle of Brewster. Practical importance. The model of non-uniform material in the form of multilayered plane-parallel structure is developed and calculations of frequency dispersion of dielectric permeability of quartz glass are carried out.
Evaluation of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Auditory Divided Attention
Authors: Khorasani Fatemeh , Rouhbakhsh Nematollah , Geshani Ahmad , Mohajeri Tehrani Mohammad Reza , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that can adversely affect cognitive performance. In this regard, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism may develop poor attention. However, the effects of this endocrine disorder on auditory attention is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on auditory divided attention.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, case control study was  performed  on 30 adult patients, aged 20-40 years, who met the study inclusion criteria. Based on their Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level, the subjects were divided into two case groups  (each  with 15 patients) with a TSH level of 5˂TSH≤10 and 10˂TSH≤15. A healthy control group was recruited with matched age, sex, and education with the case groups. The participants were evaluated by the Persian version of the Bergen dichotic listening test. Among different experimental situations that included non-forced attention, forced right, and forced left, we chose the non-forced attention. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS V. 25.
Results: There was a significant difference between the subclinical hypothyroid (5˂TSH≤10 group) and controls in the scores of the right and left ear. However, there was no significant difference between scores of right and left ear in subclinical hypothyroid (10˂TSH≤15 group). No significant difference in scores of the right and left ear was found between men and women in three groups.
Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism had no effect on auditory divided attention.
Relationship between caregivers' income generation activities and their children's animal source food intake
Authors:   University of Ghana, Christian AK , Lartey A , Colecraft EK , Marquis GS ,   McGill University, Sakyi-Dawson O , Ahunu B , Butler LM ,   Iowa State University
Published: November 2021

Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Food Management (ENAM) project provided financial and technical support for caregivers’ Income Generation Activities (IGA) with the aim of increasing their access to Animal Source Foods (ASF) for improved child nutrition. Using baseline data from the ENAM project, this study assessed the relationship between the type of caregivers’ IGA -whether it is related to ASF [ASF-R] or unrelated [ASF-U] - and the quantity and diversity of ASF consumed by their children. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on household socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and children’s ASF consumption in the past week from 530 caregivers of children 2-to5 years old in 12 communities in three agro-ecological zones of Ghana. A weighed food record of children’s dietary intakes was also completed during two 12-hour home observations on a randomly selected sample of 117 children. Approximately 6% (n=32) of caregivers were not engaged in any IGA. Of the caregivers who were involved in an IGA (n=498), approximately one-third of them were engaged in an ASF-R IGA, such as selling smoked fish, selling eggs and the selling cooked food that included ASF. Caregivers (67%) were engaged in ASF-U IGA, such as crop farming, petty trading in non ASF items and artisanal work. The quantity and diversity of ASF consumed by the children did not differ (p=0.988 and p=0.593, respectively) by the type of caregiver IGA. However, after accounting for agro-ecological zone, being involved in an ASF-R IGA positively predicted children’s ASF diversity (p<0.001). The number of children in the household negatively predicted children’s ASF diversity (p=0.011) whereas high/medium household wealth status tended to be positively associated with ASF diversity (p=0.064).The study suggested that there is need to promote ASF-R IGA among caregivers to increase the ability to purchase more varied and nutritious food items for improving children’s growth.