bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children with handwriting difficulties: Impact of cognitive strategy training for acquisition of accurate alphabet-letter-writing
Authors: Mathwin Kathryn , Chapparo Christine , Hinitt Joanne
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

An occupational therapy handwriting programme integrating cognitive strategy training with alphabet-letter-writing instruction was found more effective than in-class instruction alone for early writers. This study investigated the impact of cognitive strategy training for children struggling to correctly write alphabet-letters.

Method:

Participants were ten children in the first 2 years of formal schooling identified with challenges in alphabet-letter-writing. A nonconcurrent A1BA2 single system research design was used. The A Phases represented within-class handwriting instruction only and B Phase represented additional handwriting intervention which included cognitive strategy training. The Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis (Stage 2) was the repeated outcome measure.

Results:

Results revealed all ten children demonstrated a similar pattern of change in cognitive strategy application which was concomitant with improvement and mastery in writing all 26-lowercase alphabet-letters from memory. Cognitive strategies which exhibited the greatest impact on acquiring and executing accurate alphabet-letter-writing skills were those related to planning, memory, attention and sensory perception. The least influential were those associated with generating and controlling motor actions.

Conclusion:

This study provides beginning support for including cognitive strategies training concurrently with alphabet-letter-writing instruction to assist children struggling to write alphabet-letters.
Comparative Study of ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Versus Patellar Tendon Graft in Young Women: A Cohort Study From the New Zealand ACL Registry
Authors: Tiplady Anika , Love Hamish , Young Simon W. , Frampton Chris M.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Young female athletes are a specific population that is at high risk of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and subsequent graft failure. Despite large numbers of ACL reconstructions being carried out in young women, there is limited analysis of outcomes in this group, leading to low levels of evidence for graft choice.

Purpose:

To assess the effect of graft choice on ACL reconstruction failure rates among young women in New Zealand.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Prospective data captured by the New Zealand ACL Registry between April 2014 and March 2022 were reviewed. Young women aged 15 to 20 years were included. The primary outcome measure was ACL graft failure during the study period, with the key independent variable being graft type, either patellar or hamstring tendon autograft. This is presented as the rate per 100 patient-years and is compared between the 2 groups using the hazard ratio generated from a Cox proportional hazards regression. Secondary outcome measures were Marx activity scores and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score patient-reported outcome measure.

Results:

A total of 1261 primary ACL reconstructions in young women aged 15 to 20 years were reviewed. Hamstring tendon grafts were used in 797 (63%) reconstructions and patellar tendon graft in 464 (37%) reconstructions. Patients with a hamstring tendon graft had a graft failure rate of 7.7% compared with 1.1% in patients with a patellar tendon graft (hazard ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.4-15.1; P < .001). The number of failures per 100 person-years was significantly higher in the hamstring group (2.05) compared with the patellar tendon group (0.37). No difference was noted at final follow-up between the hamstring tendon and patellar tendon groups when comparing patient-reported outcome measures during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

In the young female population of this study, the use of a patellar tendon graft was associated with reduced risk of graft failure and was not associated with an increase in knee morbidity. This highlights the importance of informed decision-making in this high-risk population when considering ACL reconstruction graft type.
An empirical study on court-related mediator’s discourse strategies from the perspective of proximization: Based on a workplace injury pretrial mediation case
Authors: Ke Xianbing , Zou Shiqian
Published: January 2023

Court-related mediation is proceeded by verbal negotiation to shorten the distance of both parties involved for the final fulfillment of dispute resolution and social harmony. Based on the transcribed mediation data on a workplace injury pretrial case, and from the perspective of Proximization Theory and Spatial-Temporal-Axiological (STA for short) model, this study investigates quantitatively and qualitatively how the mediator arbitrates in terms of spatial, temporal, and axiological proximization. During court-related mediation, the mediator intends to stimulate both sides’ desires to mediate the negotiable space, proximize the mediating discourse and finally achieve persuasive functions of the mediator’s discourse; the mediator’s manipulation of the spatial, temporal, and axiological proximization strategies is of decreasing frequency. Among them, the spatial proximization strategies as dominant roles while the temporal and the axiological proximization ones as auxiliary roles, jointly promote the construction of “mediating space” and establish the legitimized forces in mediation discourse. This study aims at exploring how to achieve the dispute resolution by court-related mediation, total conciliation of conflicts as well as full construction of social harmony.
Investigation of soiling effects for east/west vertical bifacial and north/south tilted monofacial photovoltaic farms
Authors: Qasim Usama Bin , Riaz Muhammad Hussnain , Imran Hassan
Published: January 2023

The output energy produced by the photovoltaic system strongly depends upon the amount of solar radiation harvested by the photovoltaic panels. Varying the tilt of photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle and/or cleaning the photovoltaic panels at regular intervals are some of the techniques that could enhance the photovoltaic system performance albeit at the cost of increased labor and water budget. Here, we explore a farm-level study to investigate the effect of different tilt angle adjustment schedules on the performance of conventional north/south ([Formula: see text]) tilted monofacial photovoltaic farms. We further compare the performance of optimally tilted [Formula: see text] photovoltaic farms with that of east/west ([Formula: see text]) faced vertical bifacial photovoltaic farms for various dry periods for Lahore, Pakistan. We show that for a dry period of one month, the performance of [Formula: see text] tilted farm is decreased by [Formula: see text]40 kWh/m2as compared to that for [Formula: see text] farm that exhibits a performance degradation of [Formula: see text]3 kWh/m2. Further, [Formula: see text] farm performs better than [Formula: see text] vertical farm if the cleaning is performed on (or before) fortnightly basis. Further, if cleaning is delayed for one month, then [Formula: see text] vertical farm performs better than [Formula: see text] tilted farm. The results presented in this work are beneficial for the development of [Formula: see text] faced vertical bifacial farm in dusty climates and regions with scarce water supply.
Evaluation of the effects of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture at LI4 and LI11 on perception thresholds: a prospective crossover trial
Authors: Oyamaguchi Aiko , Hanamoto Hiroshi , Tanaka Yoshiki , Takahashi Sayo , Niwa Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Objective:

The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the effects of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on current perception thresholds (CPTs) using quantitative methods.

Methods:

Twenty-nine healthy volunteers participated in this prospective crossover trial, in which three acupuncture methods were compared: control, MA, and EA. Acupuncture needles were inserted to a depth of 15 mm at LI4 and LI11 on the left side and retained for 30 min with or without electrical stimulation at a frequency of 2 Hz (EA and MA, respectively). The needles were removed and participants rested for 30 min. CPT in the left mental region was measured at 2000, 250, and 5 Hz, corresponding to the activation of Aβ, Aδ, and C-fibers, respectively, at four time points: baseline, T0; 15 min after needle application, T1; immediately after needle removal, T2; and 30 min after needle removal, T3. In the control session, only a sensory test was performed (without acupuncture).

Results:

Significant effects of time course on CPT were observed ( p < 0.001). CPT values increased significantly at T1, T2, and T3, compared with those at T0, at all stimulation frequencies during MA and EA. Changes in CPT values with EA were not significantly greater than those with MA.

Conclusions:

Both MA and EA increased the sensory thresholds of Aβ, Aδ, and C-fibers in the mental region for ⩾30 min after needle removal. Additional of electrical stimulation may not confer additional benefits over needling alone.

Trial registration number:

UMIN000017983 (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry).
Improvising Language Capability: The British Army's Corps of Interpreters, 1914–1915
Authors: Beach Jim , Bruce James
Published: January 2023

This article examines the British army's short-lived Corps of Interpreters on the Western Front during the early stages of the First World War. It begins by establishing a benchmark for the regular army's French language capability in 1914. It then explores the interpreters’ recruitment process, employment, and the corps’ subsequent dissolution. Further insight into their motivation and suitability is then determined through a prosopographical analysis of their backgrounds and accounts of their employment. Overall, the article provides an important case study of the pitfalls of improvising military language capability during a crisis.
Delayed Extensive Local Reaction to the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report
Authors: Ferreira-da-Silva Renato , Ribeiro-Vaz Inês , Silva Ana Marta , Nunes Fernando , Morato Manuela , Polónia Jorge Junqueira , Guedes Paulo
Published: January 2023

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, two mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax) received emergency use authorization from the European Medicines Agency. This case report aimed to report a delayed adverse reaction to the mRNA-1273 vaccine against COVID-19 from a Portuguese vaccination center.

A case report was performed with medical observation and reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System, then investigated based on the WHO-UMC Causality Categories. A 66-year-old female patient with a clinical history of dyslipidemia, essential arterial hypertension, obesity, multinodular goitre and cholecystectomy, who presented delayed large cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction following Spikevax COVID-19 mRNA (mRNA-1273) vaccine administration.

Our clinical findings (time and clinical appearance), along with evidence of previously reported histological findings, are strongly suggestive of T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity. There is no contraindication to the inoculation of subsequent doses in patients developing these clinical conditions, and vaccination should continue to be strongly encouraged.
The exeter cemented stem provides outstanding long-term fixation and bone load at 15 years follow-up: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mancino Fabio , Tornberg Haley , Jones Christopher W , Bucher Thomas A , Malahias Michael-Alexander
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Since its introduction in 1988, the double-tapered polished Exeter cemented stem has been widely adopted in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Despite the results coming from the arthroplasty registries have proven great survivorship, the aim of this study was to dig deeper and describe the modes of failure of the Exeter stem at 15 years follow-up while reporting the clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Methods

A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses since inception of database to January 2022. A meta-analysis was performed on stem’s failure rates and clinical outcomes using random effects models. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots.

Results

Overall, ten studies met the inclusion criteria with 2167 hips at mean 14.8 ± 4.1 years follow-up. The meta-effect estimate for revision rate for stem-related reasons was 3.8% (CI 95% 2.1–5.6, p < 0.01). The meta-effect for revision rate for stem aseptic loosening (AL) was 0.22% (CI 95% 0–0.4, p = 0.048) and for periprosthetic fracture was 0.6% (CI95% 0.3–0.9, p < 0.001). The meta effect estimate for Oxford Hip Score (OHS) at final follow-up was 32.4 (moderate; CI 95% 23.2–41.6, p <0.001) with and heterogeneity among the studies of I2 0%. Radiolucent lines were reported in 5.5% of cases, with 1.0% of cases (21 hips) reported to be progressive.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that the Exeter cemented stem not only has proven long-term outstanding reliability with a revision rate of 3.8%, but also incredibly low revision rates for AL (0.22%) and periprosthetic fracture (0.6%). It is suitable for a variety of indications, and the consistent radiological appearances indicate durable fixation and load transmission while being associated with a remarkably low stem-related complication rate.
Comparative Study of Maxillary Growth in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Treated With and Without Pre-Surgical Orthopedics
Authors: Agell Sogbe Adriana , Mitiko Aseka Garcia Mariana , Souza Lima Wan-Dall Beatriz , Sierra Nicolas E , da Silva Freitas Renato
Published: January 2023

Compare the maxillary growth of patients with Unilateral Cleft treated with pre-surgical Functional Maxillary Orthopedic (FMO) and that of who underwent a surgical procedure with no previous use of appliances.

Prospective study, the patients were divided into 2 groups. G1, was composed of 12 patients who received no pre-surgical intervention and cheilorhinoplasty at 6 months of age and G2, included 12 patients treated using Pre-Surgical Funtional Maxilary Orthopedic; they underwent no surgery during the study. Measurements were taken at three times: before the first month of life, at 6 months and between 9-12 months of age. Cleft distance (anterior, medium and posterior), maxillary width (anterior, medium and posterior) and minor and major segment width were analyzed.

Alveolar Cleft decrease was 79.82% in G1 and 52% in G2. Posterior Cleft decrease was 24.1% in G1 and 41.77% in G2. Greater Segment Width increase was 24.53% for the patients in G1, and 37.47% for the patients in G2. As for Inter Canine Width, a decrease of 5.16% in G1 and an increase of 9.19% in G2 were found. Medium Arch Width only increased in a statistically significant manner in G2 9.02%.

Surgery allowed for the closure of the alveolar cleft. FMO made it possible to close the anterior and the posterior clefts through the growth of the maxillary segments, increased the transverse growth of the maxilla and could prevent maxillary collapse. Each team must individually evaluate whether to indicate or not the use of preoperative orthopedics.
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Parent Form): Psychometric Properties and Validation in a Population of Greek Parents of Young Children (3–6) with and Without Disabilities
Authors: Kypriotaki Maria , Markodimitraki Maria , Charitaki Garyfalia , Amanaki Eirini
Published: January 2023

Through this study, we aim to evaluate the psychometric properties, such as factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the Greek translation of the parent report version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). Four hundred sixty-six parents were enrolled in the study. Firstly, we extracted four factors with the use of EFA (Principal Components Analysis) in a subsample comprised of n  =  294 participants. Afterward, we evaluated the internal four-factor structure (Involvement – Positive Parenting – Inconsistent Discipline – Corporal Punishment), though CFA in the entire sample. All goodness of fit indices generated by CFA were found satisfactory (χ2/df  =  1.54 < 2 and p  =  .213, TLI  =  0.976 ≥ 0.95, RMSEA  =  .027 < 0.08, CFI  =  0.95 ≥ 0.90 and SRMR  =  0.015 < 0.08). No floor-ceiling effects were observed. Assessment of measurement invariance provided us with strong evidence that the proposed structure is both meaningful and valid in families with a child with a disability, as well. Consequently, the APQ-GR (3–6) is an easily applied and comprehended research tool that allows its use in studies on parental characteristics and practices in both families with and without a child with disabilities rearing.
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients with HER2-low-positive and HER2-zero breast cancer
Authors: Shi Wenjie , Wan Xinyu , He Jinzhi , Wang Ye , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Yinggang , Huang Xiaofeng , Chen Rui , Xu Lu , Zha Xiaoming , Wang Jue
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have observed that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low-positive patients and HER2-zero patients have different prognoses. This study was conducted to investigate whether there are differences in clinicopathological characteristics and the response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) defined as systemic treatment prior to surgery between HER2-low-positive patients and HER2-zero patients. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with HER2-negative breast cancer who received NST at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2014 to 2021. There were 238 patients with HER2-low-positive status and 198 patients with HER2-zero status. The proportion of hormone receptor (HR)-positive patients in the HER2-low-positive group was significantly higher than that in the HER2-zero group (82.8% vs 52.0%, p < 0.001). The HER2-low-positive group had more patients with low Ki67 expression (23.9% vs 16.2%, p = 0.045), higher mastectomy rate (94.5% vs 88.9%, p = 0.031), and larger pathological tumor size (21.6 vs 17.8 mm, p = 0.028) than the HER2-zero group. However, no significant differences were found in pathologic complete response (pCR) rates between the two groups. We draw a conclusion that patients with HER2-low status and HER2-zero status were not found to have different pCR rates after NST, irrespective of HR status. However, differences were observed in some clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups.
Prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in feral cats and its risk factors
Authors: Kim Dae-Hwan , Kwak Ho-Hyun , Woo Heung-Myong
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in urban feral cats in South Korea and analysed its risk factors.

Methods

Three hundred and forty-five feral cats that visited the hospital for neutering using a trap–neuter–return approach were screened for feline chronic gingivostomatitis based on clinical criteria. In addition, we determined if body weight, sex and the presence of tongue lesions are risk factors for feline chronic gingivostomatitis. The difference in severity due to the presence or absence of risk factors, and the relationship between gross findings and histopathological lesions, were analysed by grading lesion severity.

Results

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis was diagnosed in 92 cats. Disease prevalence did not significantly differ with body weight and sex but was significantly related to tongue lesions.

Conclusions and relevance

The prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in urban feral cats in South Korea was 26.6%. It was significantly more prevalent in cats that had tongue lesions. Severity was also significantly associated with tongue lesions. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis may be associated with an infectious agent that causes tongue lesions.
Electrocardiogram Abnormalities Associated With Metabolic Syndrome: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Richard Shannon L. , Feng Du , Kim Jinyoung , Tran Dieu-My T. , Renn Brenna N.
Published: January 2023

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prognostic cluster of physiologic risk factors that may develop into cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electrocardiogram abnormalities (ECGA) can be instrumental in identifying the early stages of disease and may be associated with MetS in Hispanic Americans.

Objective

To explore the relationships between MetS and major and minor ECGA in the Hispanic population (Hypothesis 1) and determine whether gender-ethnic subgroups moderate these relationships (Hypothesis 2).

Methods

This secondary data analysis was conducted using large-scale data from the cohort study Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos ( N = 13,628; 59% women and 41% men). Major ECGA encompassed 9 abnormalities including pathologic Q waves and left ventricular hypertrophy. Minor ECGA were tested independently of major ECGA. MetS was classified into 4 categories delineating metabolic abnormalities and related medication use. Multinomial logistic regression and Hayes’ PROCESS macro were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Major ECGA were significantly associated with the presence of MetS and/or related medication use, whereas minor ECGA abnormalities were associated with MetS for participants who also took MetS-related medications only. Gender moderated the association between MetS and minor ECGA such that women with minor ECGA had a higher likelihood of MetS when compared to men.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that early recognition and associated treatment of major and minor ECGA can be important to prevent MetS and further morbidities in the Hispanic population.
Koebner Phenomenon in Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Large Single-Center Case Series and Review of Current Knowledge
Authors: Brambilla Lucia , Aromolo Italo Francesco , Buffon Stefano , Benaglia Chiara , Tourlaki Athanasia
Published: January 2023

Background

occasional case reports have described the appearance of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) on previously unaffected skin after incidental or accidental injury, but the association is probably under-reported.

Objectives

to present a large case series of patients suffering from Koebner phenomenon (KP) in KS and describe their main epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features.

Methods

we have retrospectively analyzed our clinical and photographic records of 524 patients who had been diagnosed with KS between 2009 and 2021.

Results

31 of 524 (6%) KS patients developed KP. Among these 31 patients, 24 (77%) had KS lesions after surgery, 4 (13%) after electrochemotherapy, laser therapy and cryotherapy, and 3 (10%) on areas affected by bullous diseases.

Conclusions

trauma, including surgery or other medical procedures, can trigger KS, underlying the importance of treatment options which cause the least injury to the skin.
Preschool teachers’ music-specific professional development preferences: Does teaching experience matter?
Authors: Wong Joanne , Bautista Alfredo , Ho Yan Lam , Kong Siu Hang
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate Hong Kong preschool teachers’ music-specific professional development (PD) preferences and analyze the potential differences among teachers with varying levels of teaching experience (beginning, experienced, and advanced). A survey was developed to assess four music-specific PD preferences: content, facilitators, types, and activities/resources. We found that respondents ( N = 1,019) preferred PD that was centered on musical creativity and curriculum integration; facilitated by experts in pedagogy and music performance; conducted as short workshops and mentoring sessions; and focused on observation, skill acquisition, and practice. The data also revealed significant differences between beginning, experienced, and advanced teachers and their PD preferences. Beginning teachers showed a higher preference for graduate studies and blended PD. Beginning and experienced teachers were more interested in playing instruments and in learning by observing other teachers. Advanced teachers showed preference for PD focusing on dance and music appreciation. The study shows that teaching experience is a crucial factor for determining preschool teachers’ music-specific PD preferences. Implications include considering teachers’ interests, motivations, and needs while planning and designing PD for preschool teachers. Further research should explore what teachers with different profiles require in specific educational settings.
Development of capital pension funds in the Czech Republic and Bulgaria and readiness to implement PEPP
Authors: Hadad Elroi , Dimitrov Stanislav , Stoilova-Nikolova Jivka
Published: January 2023

Unfavourable demographic trends are exerting more pressure on public pension systems in all European countries, and the need for alternative sources of pension provision is increasing. Personal pension products can be considered as a possible solution to the problem of providing adequate pensions. The pan-European personal pension product (PEPP) is the first standardised pension product subject to a uniform EU regime. Now that the regulatory framework for PEPP has been established at the EU level, it is up to the Member States to create an appropriate legal environment in order to promote the successful development of PEPP. This article examines the role of voluntary pension funds and the readiness to implement PEPP in the selected countries. We focus on the Czech Republic and Bulgaria, where the role of private pension funds is growing. We examine how PEPP can fit into the national pension systems and make some proposals regarding regulatory measures to be taken in order to ensure that PEPP is not at a competitive disadvantage against national pension products. We find that PEPP may fill the pension gap in countries where public pensions are the main source of retirement income and the role of occupational pension schemes is insignificant.
The role of rhythm in science-animated videos: construing entities and bridging across different semiotic modes
Authors: He Yufei
Published: January 2023

Recent decades have witnessed the increasing popularity of animation used for science education. However, the affordances of animation are still yet to be described in a comprehensive manner. Working on a corpus of online science animated videos, this article firstly proposes a visual rhythm system for animation, and then examines the convergence and divergence of the rhythm in animation and language at different levels of analysis. The author found that different visual rhythms in animation function to construe different quantities and properties of entities. In terms of the intermodal relations between animation and language, at shorter wavelengths, animation can be in sync with the rhythm in language, with different ‘beats’ in animation converging with different phonological units in language; at longer wavelengths, the larger rhythmic pattern of animation can function to scaffold the generic structure of language. This article enriches the systematic description of the meaning-making potential of animation, which also informs empirical studies focusing on the effectiveness of animation used for science education.
Good work: The importance of caring about making a social contribution
Authors: Tyssedal Jens Jørund
Published: January 2023

How can work be a genuine good in life? I argue that this requires overcoming a problem akin to that studied by Marx scholars as the problem of work, freedom and necessity: how can work be something we genuinely want to do, given that its content is not up to us, but is determined by necessity? I argue that the answer involves valuing contributing to the good of others, typically as valuing active pro-sociality – that is, valuing actively doing something good for others. This makes work better in one way, and may even make work something we are genuinely glad to have in our lives. Contemporary philosophical thinking about good work tends to focus on how work can be good for the person doing it, by providing, for example, self-realization or social relationships, while underappreciating the special importance of valuing social contribution. People will typically only really want work if they want a part of their lives to be about the good of others. This also means that work may be a part of the best life, something we should take into account when discussing work-related policies and the desirability of a ‘post-work’ future.
Group-Based Medical Mistrust in Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Asthma Living in Rural Areas
Authors: Leonard Sarah I. , Pizii Connor T. , Zhao Yihong , Céspedes Amarilis , Kingston Sharon , Bruzzese Jean-Marie
Published: January 2023

Black youth and rural adolescents are two groups who experience asthma disparities. Racism and discrimination in health care likely lead to group-based (systems-level) medical mistrust for some adolescents. Group-based medical mistrust, one pathway by which racism drives health inequities, is associated with poorer outcomes for patients with chronic conditions. Despite its potential importance in adolescent asthma, previous research has not considered group-based medical mistrust in this population. To fill this gap, we characterize group-based medical mistrust among rural adolescents with poorly controlled asthma, examining demographic differences. We analyzed baseline data from a school-based clinical trial in which 164 adolescents (mean age = 16.3; 76.2% Black) completed the Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale (GBMMS). Using linear regression, we tested associations with race, gender, and age, controlling for recent medical visits and insurance status. The total GBMMS mean score was 2.3 ( SD = 1.22); subscale scores ranged from 2.3 to 2.4. Black adolescents reported significantly higher total GBMMS scores (β = .45, p = .003) and significantly higher scores on two GBMMS subscales: suspicion of health care providers (β = .56, p = .007) and lack of support from health care providers (β = .36, p = .007). Gender and age were not associated with GBMMS scores. Health care providers need to consider medical mistrust and its role in their clinical care. Together with their institutions, health care providers and researchers should work toward changing systems that perpetuate racism to build trust as a means of reducing asthma disparities among adolescents.
Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Training and Combined Mindfulness and Exercise on Cognitive Performance
Authors: Torre Emily , Auster-Gussman Lisa A. , Welch Whitney , Solk Payton , Murphy Karly , Whitaker Madelyn , Mishory Abby , Starikovsky Julia , Cullather Erin , Hernandez Joanna , Victorson David E. , Phillips Siobhan M.
Published: January 2023

Physical activity (PA) and mindfulness are independently associated with improved cognitive function; however, the effects of their combination on cognitive function are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute bout of PA, mindfulness training, and combined PA and mindfulness training on changes in cognitive function and perceived cognitive ability.

Using a repeated measures within-subjects design, adults (N = 29, Mage = 28.6) completed three 20-minute counterbalanced conditions: a) mindfulness training (MIND); b) moderate-intensity walking (PA), and c) moderate-intensity walking while listening to PA-specific mindfulness training (PAMIND). Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery and PROMIS Applied Cognition Short Form before and after each condition.

Within-subjects repeated measures ANOVAs revealed inhibitory control, working memory, task shifting, processing speed and the fluid composite score ( P < .01 for all) improved from pre-to post-condition for all conditions. Perceived cognitive ability declined across all conditions pre- to post-condition ( P < .001); decreases were largest in the MIND condition.

Cognitive performance improved following acute bouts of general mindfulness, PA, and the combination of the two, but perceived cognitive ability declined. Future work is warranted to examine effects in other populations and as a result of different PA and mindfulness doses and interventions.
Comparing Tigertriever 13 to other thrombectomy devices for distal medium vessel occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adusumilli Gautam , Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Kallmes Kevin M. , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F. , Heit Jeremy J.
Published: January 2023

Background

There is limited evidence on the optimal endovascular strategy for treatment of distal medium-vessel occlusions (DMVO). The low-profile Tigertriever 13 stent-triever shows early promise as an adaptable device that can navigate the distal vasculature without increasing complication risk in DMVO.

Methods

Using Nested Knowledge, we screened literature for RCTs and cohort studies on the endovascular treatment of DMVO. The primary outcome was reperfusion success, as measured by thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) ≥ 2b and secondary outcomes included rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), mortality at 90 days, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores 0–2 at 90 days. A random-effects model was used to compute pooled prevalence rates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Eleven studies with 1402 patients, 167 patients treated by Tigertriever 13 and 1235 patients treated by other devices, were included in the meta-analysis. The rate of reperfusion success was similar in patients treated by Tigertriever 13 (83.2% [95% CI: 71.5–96.7%]) versus other devices (81.6% [95% CI: 75.3–88.4%], p > 0.05). The rate of sICH was also similar in patients treated by Tigertriever 13 (7.2% [95% CI: 4.1–12.5%]) versus other devices (6.9% [95% CI: 5.5–8.8%]). There was significant heterogeneity in the reporting of mortality and mRS.

Conclusions

Tigertriever 13 had similar rates of reperfusion success and sICH as other devices used for the treatment of DMVO. Heterogeneity in data element reporting prevented further analyses. Further studies evaluating Tigertriever 13 and other potential devices in DMVO should attempt to harmonize data element reporting.
Placebo and Nocebo Effects as Bayesian-Brain Phenomena: The Overlooked Role of Likelihood and Attention
Authors: Pagnini Francesco , Barbiani Diletta , Cavalera Cesare , Volpato Eleonora , Grosso Francesca , Minazzi Giacomo Andrea , Vailati Riboni Francesco , Graziano Francesca , Di Tella Sonia , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Silveri Maria Caterina , Riva Giuseppe , Phillips Deborah
Published: January 2023

The Bayesian-brain framework applied to placebo responses and other mind–body interactions suggests that the effects on the body result from the interaction between priors, such as expectations and learning, and likelihood, such as somatosensorial information. Significant research in this area focuses on the role of the priors, but the relevance of the likelihood has been surprisingly overlooked. One way of manipulating the relevance of the likelihood is by paying attention to sensorial information. We suggest that attention can influence both precision and position (i.e., the relative distance from the priors) of the likelihood by focusing on specific components of the somatosensorial information. Two forms of attention seem particularly relevant in this framework: mindful attention and selective attention. Attention has the potential to be considered a “major player” in placebo/nocebo research, together with expectations and learning. In terms of application, relying on attentional strategies as “amplifiers” or “silencers” of sensorial information could lead to an active involvement of individuals in shaping their care process and health. In this contribution, we discuss the theoretical implications of these intuitions with the aim to provide a comprehensive framework that includes Bayesian brain, placebo/nocebo effects, and the role of attention in mind–body interactions.
The effects of semantic similarity on Mandarin speakers’ referential expressions
Authors: Zhou Yangzi , Branigan Holly P , Yu Yue , Pickering Martin J
Published: January 2023

Previous research has found apparently contradictory effects of a semantically similar competitor on how people refer to previously mentioned entities. To address this issue, we conducted two picture-description experiments in spoken Mandarin. In Experiment 1, participants saw pictures and heard sentences referring to both the target referent and a competitor, and then described actions involving only the target referent. They produced fewer omissions and more repeated noun phrases when the competitor was semantically similar to the target referent than otherwise. In Experiment 2, participants saw introductory pictures and heard sentences referring to only the target referent, and then described actions involving both the target referent and a competitor. They produced more omissions and fewer pronouns when the competitor was semantically similar to the target referent than otherwise. We interpret the results in terms of the representation of discourse entities and the stages of language production.
Patterns of Midface and Mandible Fractures in a Government Hospital
Authors: Delgado-Piedra Daniel , Castillo Ham Guillermina , Téliz Mario A. , Salgado-Chavarría Fabiola , García-Vázquez Paola
Published: January 2023

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: The prevalence and etiology of facial fractures differ in each country. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns, trauma mechanism, and treatment of midface and mandible fractures in a government hospital in Mexico City.

Methods: A three-year cross-sectional study was done at Balbuena General Hospital in Mexico City. The variables of interest were age, gender, place of origin, fracture site, trauma mechanism, and treatment. Between 2016 and 2019, physical and electronic data records of patients that exhibited facial fractures were included. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis and a chi-square test.

Results: A total of 490 cases of fractures in the maxillofacial region were reviewed, of which 237 (47%) cases presented fractures in the midface. A higher male ratio (M: F 12:1) was observed. The age range varied between 18 and 80 years, with a mean of 35.58 ± 14 years. The most frequent diagnosis was a zygomatic complex fracture, 37.97%. (n = 90). The most frequent trauma mechanism was interpersonal violence at 55.93% (n = 132) in both places of origin ( P = .06). Conservative treatment was more frequent at 71.67% in intrapersonal violence ( P = .019). Interpersonal violence was more frequent in males at 61.64%, and motor vehicle accident was more frequent in female at 61.11% ( P = .028).

Conclusions: The analysis provides information that can help to focus preventive measures regarding facial fractures, especially on efforts to reduce interpersonal violence.
Impact of pharmacist-led collaborative gout clinic on timely achievement of serum uric acid goals
Authors: Cheong Kah Mun , Sriranganathan Melonie Kannamma , Lee Elena Meishan
Published: January 2023

Background

The concept of a pharmacist-led collaborative gout clinic is relatively new in Singapore.

Objective

This study examined the impact of this pilot shared care model on providing dose titration of urate lowering therapy, gout education and patient support to achieve target serum uric acid (sUA) levels.

Method

A retrospective pre-post study was undertaken to compare outcomes in patients who were started on either allopurinol or febuxostat in the 24 months prior to (Group A: Pre implementation) or 33 months following launch of the collaborative gout clinic (Group B: Post implementation). The collaborative gout clinic comprises of a clinical pharmacist under the supervision of a rheumatologist.

Results

Of 98 eligible subjects enrolled in our study, there were 50 patients (all prescribed allopurinol) for Group A and 48 patients for Group B (allopurinol n = 29, febuxostat n = 19). Among patients who achieved target sUA level of 360 μmol/L or less at 1 year of drug initiation with use of allopurinol, the median [interquartile range, IQR] time taken to attain target sUA was shorter in Group B than Group A (111 [82–308] days vs. 293 [265–414] days, p = 0.016). As compared to Group A, Group B had lesser patients experiencing gout flare (41.3% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.018) and more patients achieving target sUA (75.9% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.001). Mean ± [standard deviation, SD] daily allopurinol dose to achieve target sUA levels was 276 mg ± [138 mg].

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the use of a pharmacist-led collaborative gout clinic may help to achieve better clinical outcomes in gout management.
Grounding the compact city
Authors: Haarstad Håvard , Kjærås Kristin , Røe Per Gunnar , Tveiten Kristian
Published: January 2023

In our article, ‘Diversifying the compact city’ (2023), we aimed to open a dialogue in human geography and beyond on how to broaden the scope of how we examine and critique compact urbanism. The insightful and constructive commentaries we received generated further reflection on the lived experiences of compact urbanism and the mutual benefits of constructive interdisciplinary collaboration on the compact city agenda. In this author response, we elaborate on the need to ground compact city research in actual practices and experiences, and on how planners and geographers can advance the commoning of the compact city.
‘Putting all my eggs into the app’: Self, relational and systemic surveillance of mothers’ use of digital technologies during the transition to parenting
Authors: Hall Jodi , Hiebert Bradley , Facca Danica , Donelle Lorie
Published: January 2023

This paper builds on thematic findings from a larger study that explored how digital technologies (e.g. smartphones, apps, search engines) shape expectant and new mothers’ early parenting practices. An overarching theme that arose across these mothers’ experiences which deserved deeper exploration was relational digital surveillance. In the context of this paper, relational digital surveillance describes how mothers evaluate their sense of preparedness, goodness or suitability for motherhood as they transition into parenting in relation to: their own use of digital technologies when caring for their pregnant bodies (self-surveillance), partners’ and family members’ commentary and/or judgement regarding their use of digital technologies to support their parenting and decision-making (familial surveillance) in addition to service/health care providers’ commentary and/or judgement concerning their technology use (systemic surveillance). Mothers’ use of digital technologies in this study not only provided others (partners, family members, health care providers) with means to watch over their actions and bodies as they transitioned into motherhood but offered a new evaluative dimension for others to scrutinize their behaviour as a new mother. Such understandings of relational digital surveillance within the transition to parenting context raise critical questions concerning the promotion and commercialization of digital self-surveillance technologies among expectant/new parents given the ways these technologies can further push the boundaries of hegemonic mothering practices and contribute to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt. Alternatively, these insights offer avenues where health care providers can intervene to facilitate activities that enhance digital health literacy skills and mitigate parents’ exposure to platforms that amplify anxieties.
Read and accepted? Scoping the cognitive accessibility of privacy policies of health apps and websites in three European countries
Authors: Neal David , Gaber Sophie , Joddrell Phil , Brorsson Anna , Dijkstra Karin , Dröes Rose-Marie
Published: January 2023

Objective

Trust and accessibility are vital to adoption of health and wellness apps. This research scoped three elements of cognitive accessibility of health app privacy policies: availability, ease of navigation, and readability.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, quantitative data collected in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom included: whether privacy information was in a country's official language (availability); number of distracting visual elements (ease of navigation); word count and Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) reading level (readability). Health app privacy policies were compared to policies from a purposively selected sample of websites, and to benchmarks, including CEFR reading level B1.

Results

Health app privacy policies were less often available in countries’ official languages compared to sampled websites (Chi-Square [1, 180]  =  57.470, p < 0.001) but contained fewer distracting visual elements. More UK privacy policies were in the country's official language, whereas Swedish privacy policies contained fewest words and fewest potentially distracting design elements. Only one privacy policy met the CEFR reading level benchmark.

Conclusions

Lack of privacy information in non-Anglophone app-users’ native languages and high reading levels may be major barriers to cognitive accessibility. Web and app developers should consider recommendations arising from this study, to stimulate trust in and adoption of health and wellness apps.
Collegiate Student-Athletes as Health Advocates: The Role of Issue and Source Involvement in Students’ Information Processing about Binge Drinking
Authors: Mikkilineni Sai Datta , Cranmer Gregory A. , Ash Erin , Denham Bryan E.
Published: January 2023

Binge drinking is a major public health concern on college campuses and shares a deep connection to sporting culture. As such, student-athletes are potential referent points for addressing this destructive behavior among the student body. This study utilizes the theoretical frameworks of the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and parasocial relationships (PSRs) to investigate the effects that student-athletes’ health advocacy has on college students’ attitudinal and behavioral intentions to binge drink. Analysis of data collected from 161 college students, who met the clinical definition of binge drinkers, indicated that issue involvement was associated with more favorable attitudes and the intention to continue drinking, and a disregard for student-athlete health advocacy. Greater degrees of source involvement (i.e., PSR), with depicted student-athletes, however, was found to positively affect elaboration and indirectly foster behavioral intentions to cease binge drinking. Results enhance our understanding of the ELM by suggesting source involvement – as opposed to issue involvement – can be an effective means of encouraging elaboration and decreasing college students’ behavioral intentions to binge drink.