bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy by Photochemical Internalization of Fibrin Hydrogel Delivered Bleomycin
Authors: Laurel Sophia , Gupta Keya , Nguyen Jane , Chandekar Akhil , Le Justin , Berg Kristian , Hirschberg Henry
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Although the use of radiation-sensitizing agents has been shown to enhance the effect of radiation on tumor cells, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes these agents from reaching brain tumor sites when given systemically. Localized methods of sensitizer delivery, utilizing hydrogels, have the potential to bypass the blood-brain barrier. This study examined the ability of photochemical internalization (PCI) of hydrogel-released bleomycin to enhance the growth-inhibiting effects of radiation on multi-cell glioma spheroids in vitro; Methods: Loaded fibrin hydrogel layers were created by combining thrombin, fibrinogen, and bleomycin (BLM). Supernatants from these layers were collected, combined with photosensitizer, and added to F98 glioma spheroid cultures. Following light (PCI) and radiation treatment, at increasing dosages, spheroid growth was monitored for 14 days; Results: PCI of released BLM significantly reduced the radiation dose required to achieve equivalent efficacy compared to radiation or BLM+RT alone. Both immediate and delayed RT delivery post BLM-PCI resulted in similar degrees of growth inhibition; Conclusion: Non-degraded BLM was released from the fibrin hydrogel. PCI of BLM synergistically increased the growth-inhibiting effects of radiation treatment compared to radiation and BLM, and radiation acting as a single treatment.
Synthesis of Temporin-SHa Retro Analogs with Lysine Addition / Substitution and Antibiotic Conjugation to Enhance Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Nazir Shahzad , Khan Arif Iftikhar , Maharjan Rukesh , Khan Sadiq Noor , Akram Muhammad Adnan , Maresca Marc , Khan Farooq-Ahmad , Shaheen Farzana
Published: November 2024

In the face of rising threat of resistant pathogens, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a viable alternative to the current challenge due to their broad-spectrum activity. This study focuses on enhancing the efficacy of temporin-SHa derived NST-2 peptide (1), which is known for its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. We synthesized new analogs of 1 using three strategies, i.e. retro analog preparation, lysine addition/substitution, and levofloxacin conjugation. Analogs were tested in term of antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Analog 2 corresponding to retro analog of NST-2 was found more active but also more hemolytic, reducing its selectivity index and therapeutic potential. Addition of lysine (in analog 3) and lysine substitution (in analog 7) reduced the hemolytic effect resulting in safer peptides. Conjugation with levofloxacin on lysine side chain (in analogs 4 and 5) decreased the hemolytic effect but unfortunately also the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the analogs. Oppositely, conjugation with levofloxacin at the N-terminus of the peptide via β-alanine linker (in analogs 6 and 8) increased their antimicrobial and anticancer activity but also their hemolytic effect, resulting in less safe/selective analogs. In conclusion, lysine addition/substitution and levofloxacin conjugation, at least at the N-terminal position through β-alanine linker, were found to enhance the therapeutic potential of retro analogs of NST-2 whereas other modifications decreased the activity or increased the toxicity of the peptides.
Utility and Challenges of Imaging in Peripheral Vestibular Disorder Diagnosis: A Review
Authors: Musat Gabriela Cornelia , Tataru Calin Petru , Musat Ovidiu Alexandru , Preda Mihai Alexandru , Radu Mihnea , Musat Andreea Alexandra Mihaela , Popescu Ioana Steala , Mitroi Mihaela Roxana
Published: November 2024

Objective: This review is aimed at evaluating the role of imaging evaluation in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disorders. Methods: The study is a literature review conducted on PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Results: Imaging is not usually recommended in initial consultations for vestibular disorders because only 5-10% of MRI scans reveal findings directly related to the disease. The study is a review of the literature that highlights the utility and limitations of imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It follows the diagnostic approach from history and physical examination to laboratory tests and imaging. Some conditions like vestibular neuritis and BPPV have limited imaging utility due to the fine details required. Conversely, high-resolution CT and MRI are important for diagnosing Meniere's disease, acoustic neuroma, and superior canal dehiscence. Conclusion: The imaging role varies a lot among specific conditions. Advances in imaging technology, particularly high-resolution MRI, promise enhanced diagnostic capabilities.
Cudc-101 and Proton Irradiation Reduces Migration and Invasion Capacity of Triple Negative Breast Cell Line
Authors: Seane Elsie , Nair Shankari , Vandevoorde Charlot , Bisio Alessandra , Joubert Anna
Published: November 2024

Radiation therapy remains to be one of the main treatment modalities for the management of breast cancer. Several reports have asserted that low dose photon irradiation, which is the most available radiation modality, can promote migration and invasion of malignant cells. Also, some approved chemotherapy drugs used in the management of breast cancer are implicated in promoting metastasis. Therefore, it has become critical to unravel novel therapies that are effective on tumour cells and can reduce the metastatic potential. Methods: Malignant (MCF-7), triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) and spontaneously immortalized MCF-10A human breast cancer cell lines were pre-treated with pan-HDACi SAHA or multi-target inhibitor CUDC-101 and exposed to 2Gy and 6Gy 148 MeV mid-SOBP protons or 250KeV X-rays. Wound healing and trans-well invasion assays were performed. Imaging was done at 4-hour intervals for wound healing assays, and at 24-hours post-irradiation for trans-well migration assays. Results: Significant reduction in migration was observed after treatment with proton alone at lower doses (2Gy) and at higher (6Gy) doses in the MCF-7 cell line. In the triple negative cell line MDA-MB-231 cell line, reduction in migration was evident at higher doses(6Gy) protons. Combination therapy of CUDC-101 or SAHA and protons also inhibited migration and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Treatment with CUDC-101 monotherapy showed benefit in reducing migration and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Treatment with SAHA, either as monotherapy or in combination with X-rays, promoted migration in the MCF-7 cell line. Conclusions: CUDC-101 or proton monotherapies, as well as combination therapy with radiation, inhibits migration as monotherapy particularly in the MDA-MB-231 which has high metastatic potential.
Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution on Flexible Catalysts Based on Nickel-Iron Coatings
Authors: Shyshkin Dmytro , Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė Loreta , Šimkūnaitė Dijana , Balčiūnaitė Aldona , Sukackienė Zita , Vaičiūnienė Jūratė , Šimkūnaitė-Stanynienė Birutė , Nacys Antanas , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: November 2024

Electrolysis of water is one of low-cost green hydrogen production technologies. The challenge is designing and developing low-cost and high-activity catalysts. Herein, we present a strategy to fabricate flexible electrocatalysts based on nickel-iron (NiFe) alloy coatings. NiFe coatings were plated on the flexible copper-coated polyimide surface (Cu/PI) using the low-cost and straightforward electroless metal plating method and morpholine borane as a reducing agent. It was found that Ni90Fe10, Ni80Fe20, Ni60Fe40, and Ni30Fe70 coatings were deposited on the Cu/PI surface, then the concentration of Fe2+ in the plating solution was 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM, respectively. Morphology, structure, and composition of NixFey/Cu/PI catalysts have been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), whereas their activity has been investigated for hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions in 1 M KOH using linear sweep voltammetry (LSVs). It was found that the Ni80Fe20/Cu/PI catalyst exhibited the lowest overpotential value of –202.7 mV for the HER to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm–2 compared to Ni90Fe10/Cu/PI (–211.9 mV), Ni60Fe40/Cu/PI (–276.3 mV), Ni30Fe70/Cu/PI (–278.4 mV), and Ni (−303.4 mV). On the other hand, the lowest OER overpotential (344.7 mV) was observed for the Ni60Fe40/Cu/PI catalyst to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm–2 as compared with the Ni30Fe70 (369.9 mV), Ni80Fe20 (450.2 mV), Ni90Fe10 (454.2 mV) coatings, and Ni (532.1 mV). The developed Ni60Fe40/Cu/PI catalyst exhibit a cell potential of 1.85 V at 10 mA cm−2. The obtained catalysts seem to be suitable flexible catalysts for HER and OER in alkaline media.
Near-Exact Analytical Solution of the Sir-Model for the Precise Temporal Dynamics of Epidemics
Authors: Kröger Martin , Schlickeiser Reinhard
Published: November 2024

A near-exact analytical solution of the statistical Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) epidemics model for a constant ratio k0 of infection to recovery rates is derived. The derived solution is not of inverse form as the known solutions in the literature but expresses rather directly the three compartmental fractions S(τ ), I(τ ) and R(τ ) and thus the rate of new infections j(τ ) = S(τ )I(τ ) in terms of the single function U (τ ) and the reduced time τ (the time-integrated infection rate), involving the principal and non-principal branches of Lambert’s function. Exact analytical formulas for the peak time and the maximum fraction of I(τ ) are obtained proving that the rate of new infections peaks before the fraction of infected persons. Our analysis is not entirely analytically exact because the reduced time dependence of the function U (τ ) obeying a nonlinear integro-differential equation is only obtained approximately by expanding a double-exponential function to first-order at small reduced times, and employing an accurate simple approximation of the principal Lambert function at large times, respectively.
The Emergence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 in Portugal (2024)
Authors: Barros Sílvia C. , Henriques Ana Margarida , Ramos Fernanda , Luís Tiago , Fagulha Teresa , Magalhaes Andre , Caetano Inês , Santos Fábio Abade , Correia Filipa O. , Santana Carlos C. , Duarte Ana , Villalba Ruben , Duarte Margarida D.
Published: November 2024

In September 2024, bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) was first identified in Portugal, specifi-cally in the Alentejo region (Évora District), using molecular diagnostic methods. The initial case involved a sheep exhibiting severe clinical symptoms, including head oedema, prostration, nasal discharge, and significant respiratory distress. A subsequent case was documented in another sheep from a different farm within the same district, which presented with high fever (41.5°C), nasal discharge, and arthritis, ultimately resulting in mortality. Within one month of these initial detections, additional cases in both sheep and cattle were reported in neighboring districts, indi-cating the virus rapid spread within the region. In response to this emerging threat, extensive monitoring efforts are being undertaken to delineate the distribution of BTV-3, and vaccination campaigns targeting this serotype have been initiated. These measures aim to mitigate the impact of the virus on livestock health and prevent further transmission.
Artificial Intelligence and Algorithmic Approaches of Health Security Systems: A Review
Authors: Koutsojannis Constantinos , Mariettou Savina
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the overall picture regarding security systems in healthcare through an extensive review of the literature. As the healthcare sector has now become digitalized, the security of healthcare systems and, by extension, the protection of patient data is a key concern in the modern era of technological advances. Therefore, a secure and integrated system is now essential. Thus, to evaluate the relationship between security systems and healthcare quality, we conducted literature research to identify studies reporting their association. The timeline of our review is based on published studies covering the period from 2018 to 2024, with entries identified through a search of the relevant literature, focusing on the most recent developments due to advances in artificial intelligence and algorithmic approaches. Thirty-three studies were included in our final survey. Our findings underscore the critical role of security systems in healthcare that significantly improve patient outcomes and maintain the integrity of healthcare services. According to our approach, the studies analyzed highlight the growing importance of advanced security frameworks, especially those incorporating artificial intelligence and algorithmic methodologies, in safeguarding healthcare systems while enhancing patient care quality. According to this study, most of the research analyzed uses algorithmic technology approaches, many researchers prove that ransomware is the most common threat to hospital information systems, and more studies are needed to evaluate the performance of the systems created against this attack.
Predicting Hospitalization in Older Adults Using Machine Learning
Authors: Buenrostro-Mariscal Raymundo , Montesinos-López Osval A. , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Cesar
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Hospitalization among older adults represents an increasingly significant challenge in Mexico due to the high prevalence of chronic diseases and the current strain on the country’s public healthcare services. This study aims to develop a predictive model for hospitalization using longitudinal data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Methods: Three machine learning models based on RF were designed and evaluated under different data partition configurations, with and without interaction between inputs. The models were validated using nested cross-validation to ensure robustness and prevent overfitting. Evaluation metrics included sensitivity, specificity, and the kappa coefficient, along with their respective standard errors. Results: The M2 model, which included interaction and a 20% test proportion, achieved the best balance between sensitivity (0.7215, standard error ±0.0038) and specificity (0.4935, standard error ±0.0039), despite the imbalance in the dataset and the heterogeneity of the population. This ability of the model to balance performance allows it to handle the complexities of predicting hospitalizations well across different patient profiles. Conclusions: The M2 model shows great potential for clinical application by enabling the anticipation of hospital demand and enhancing resource planning. This suggests substantial benefits for healthcare systems, particularly in optimizing the care of older adults. Future research will focus on integrating subgroups based on comorbidities and applying advanced techniques for handling missing data to further optimize predictive capacity.
Radiological Perspectives in Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Insights from Cochlear Implant Candidates
Authors: Şirolu Sabri , Hamid Rauf , Karagöz Seyfullah halit , Kargın Osman aykan , Salt Vefa , Yener Sevda , Kara Halide çetin , Gözen Emine deniz , Arslan Serdar , Korkmazer Bora , Tutar Onur , Kızılkılıç Osman
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Congenital hearing loss is a significant health concern, with diverse etiologies encompassing cochlear and cochleovestibular pathologies. Preoperative radiological evaluation in cochlear implant candidates is pivotal for treatment planning. We aim to elucidate the spectrum of radiological findings in patients with congenital hearing loss undergoing cochlear implant assessment.
Methods: An analysis included 389 sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients who underwent cochlear implantation at a tertiary university hospital, of whose 177 were congenital SNHL. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were meticulously assessed for diverse congenital pathologies, focusing on congenital malformations.

Results: In the congenital SNHL group, comprising 177 patients (80 females and 97 males), congenital malformations were evident in 56 ears of 29 cases. Among the various anomalies, incomplete partitions and cochlear hypoplasia emerged as significant patterns. Different congenital cochleovestibular malformations, ranging from labyrinthine aplasia to isolated large vestibular aqueducts, were detected.

Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive radiological analysis of congenital SNHL patients undergoing cochlear implantation, revealing a spectrum of anomalies. It demonstrates the diverse nature of anomalies affecting the external auditory canal, middle ear structures, and cochleovestibular system. These insights provide a deeper understanding of congenital SNHL and contribute to developing informed treatment strategies.
PRMT5 Inhibitor EPZ015666 Decreases Viability and Encystment of Entamoeba invadens
Authors: Ortiz-Hernández Rigoberto , Millán-Casarrubias Elmer Joel , Bolaños Jeni , Munguía-Robledo Susana , Vázquez-Calzada Carlos , Azuara-Licéaga Elisa , Valdés Jesús , Rodríguez Mario Alberto
Published: November 2024

PRMT5 methyltranserase is an enzyme that produces monomethyl arginine (MMA) as well as symmetric dimethyl arginine (sDMA), posttranslational modifications that regulate several cellu-lar processes, including stage conversion in parasitic protozoa. Entamoeba histolytica, the etiologic agent of human amebiasis, has two stages in its life cycle, the trophozoite, which is the replicative form, and the cyst, corresponding to the infective phase. The study of the molecular mechanisms that regulate differentiation in this parasite has been overdue by the lack of efficient protocols for in vitro encystment. For this reason, Entamoeba invadens, a reptile parasite, has been used as a dif-ferentiation model system for the genus. Here, we demonstrated the presence of sDMA in E. in-vadens, which increases during encystment, and identified the PRMT5 protein of this microorgan-ism (EiPRMT5). In addition, we performed 3D modeling of this enzyme, as well as its molecular docking with the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666, which predicted the affinity of the drug for the ac-tive site of the enzyme. In agreement, EPZ015666 reduced trophozoite viability and encystment. Therefore, EiPRMT5 is a potential target for the inhibition of amebiasis spread.
Unlocking healthcare data potential: A comprehensive integration approach with GraphQL, openEHR, Redis, and Pervasive Business Intelligence
Authors: Sousa Regina , Abelha Vasco , Peixoto Hugo , Machado José
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the transformative potential of integrating technical and methodological tools such as GraphQL, openEHR, Redis, and Pervasive Business Intelligence in healthcare. Modern healthcare systems face data silos, interoperability, and efficient data communication challenges. The integration of these technologies offers innovative solutions to address these challenges. GraphQL, known for its flexible data retrieval capabilities, simplifies data communication and integration. openEHR, a standards-based approach to healthcare data management, fosters interoperability through an unified data model. Redis, a scalable data storage and caching system, enhances application performance and real-time data processing. Pervasive Business Intelligence empowers healthcare analytics, aiding data-driven decision-making. This paper explores these technologies’ benefits, integration possibilities, and synergies. The practical implications of this integration are demonstrated through a real-world case study. The findings underscore the potential to revolutionise healthcare data management, communication, and analysis, improving patient care and operational efficiency.
Mechanism-Driven Strategies for Reducing Fall Risk in the Elderly: A Multidisciplinary Review of Exercise Interventions
Authors: Zhong Yuan-Ji , Meng Qing , Su Chun-Hsien
Published: November 2024

Falls among older adults pose significant public health challenges associated with severe physical, psychological, and economic consequences. Exercise interventions are crucial for reducing fall risk through diverse biomechanical, physiological, and psychological mechanisms. This integrative review synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies published between 2004 and 2024, sourced from databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO (EDS), and Google Scholar. Key findings highlight that balance and strength training enhances postural control, gait stability, and joint mobility while promoting neuromuscular coordination. Resistance training is particularly effective in mitigating sarcopenia and improving muscle strength and joint function, aiding quick responses to balance perturbations. Cognitive exercises enhance attention, spatial awareness, and decision-making, reinforcing fall prevention. Psychological benefits include reduced fear of falling, increased confidence, improved mood, support adherence and social engagement, and sustaining physical activity. Holistic models demonstrate the efficacy of integrating physical, cognitive, and social elements for comprehensive fall prevention. The review emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary strategies and underscores the need for continued cross-disciplinary research to refine evidence-based practices that optimize outcomes for older adults, thereby highlighting the ongoing nature of the research and the potential for further advancements in the field.
Important Aspects of the Design of Experiments and Data Treatment in the Analytical Quality by Design Framework Applied to the Development of Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Passerine Bianca F. G. , Breitkreitz Márcia C.
Published: November 2024

In the AQbD framework, DOE plays a very important role as it provides information about how experimental input variables influence the critical method attributes. Based on the information obtained from the DOE, mathematical models are generated and used to build the MODR a robust region of operability. Data treatment steps are usually carried out in software such as Fusion QbD, Minitab, StaEase 360, among others. Although there are many papers in the literature using DOE, none of them address important aspect of data treatment for optimization and MODR generation and compare different software calculations. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of data treatment aspects that are frequently misread or not fully understood, such as model selection, ANOVA results and residual analysis. The discussion will be guided using the separation of curcuminoids by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and eight quality attribute as responses. The results highlighted the importance of the correct selection and evaluation of the models due to their influence the generation of the MODR and emphasizes the insertion of the uncertainty in the contour plots to proper obtain the MODR regarding the definitions of the USP General Chapter <1220> and ICH Q14 guidelines.
The Effects of Cushioning Properties on Parameters of Gait in Habituated Females While Walking and Running
Authors: Macdermid Paul William , Walker Stephanie Julie , Cochrane Darryl
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the mechanical properties of a non-cushioned minimalistic shoe and cushioned shoe during walking at 6 and running at 10 and 14 km∙h-1 in habituated female runners. Specifically, the study aimed to examine the spatio-temporal and kinetic variables of gait in these two shoe conditions. Methods: Twelve habituated female runners completed two trials (cushioned shoe vs. minimalist shoe) with three within-trial speeds (6, 10 and 14 km∙h-1) in a counter-balanced design. Flexible pressure insole sensors were used to determine kinetic variables (peak vertical impact force, average loading rate, active vertical peak force, time to active peak vertical force, and impulse) and spatio-temporal variables (stride duration, cadence, ground contact time, swing time and time to mid stance). Results: Cushioned running shoes exhibited greater energy absorption (690%), recovered energy (920%), and heat dissipation (350%). These differences resulted in the cushioned shoes significantly reducing peak vertical impact (~12%) and average loading rate (~11%) at running speeds 10-14 km∙h-1 while not affecting peak active force, impulse, stride duration, ground contact or swing time. Conclusion: Cushioned running shoes provide significant benefits in energy absorption, energy recovery and heat dissipation, which decreases impact-related forces and loading rates in female runners without changing spatio-temporal variables of gait.
Novel Visualization of Building Earthquake Response Recorded by a Dense Network of Sensors
Authors: Todorovska Maria I , Cruz Lichiel , Trifunac Mihailo D , Aihemaiti Alimu , Lin Guoliang , Cui Jianwen
Published: November 2024

Strong motion records from full-scale structures provide the ultimate evidence of how real structures, in situ, respond to earthquakes. The most effective method for visualizing the recorded response is by animation. This paper presents a novel method for visualization of the motion of a building that is densely instrumented with triaxial accelerometers and rotational seismometers. The method is based on one- and two-dimensional biharmonic spline interpolation of the motion between multiple sensors on a floor or along the building height. It is demonstrated on a 50-story skyscraper uniquely instrumented with multiple triaxial accelerometers per floor, approximately at every five floors above ground and at two basement levels, and two borehole arrays measuring the motion of the soil very near the building foundation. The animations provide valuable insight into the three-dimensional structural response, including wave propagation through the structure and the interplay between translations and rotations, which will be useful for testing existing and developing new methods for structural health monitoring of buildings and for the further development of building design codes. Animations of selected earthquakes can be found on YouTube at @TPYC-seismic.
Integrated Photonics with 2D Materials for Commercial Applications
Authors: Moss David
Published: November 2024

On-chip integration of 2D materials with exceptional optical properties provides an attractive solution for next-generation photonic integrated circuits to address the limitations of conventional bulk integrated platforms. Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in the interdisciplinary field of 2D material integrated photonics, greatly narrowing the gap between laboratory research and industrial applications. In this paper, we provide a perspective on the developments of this field towards industrial manufacturing and commercialization. First, we review recent progress towards commercialization. Next, we provide an overview of cutting-edge fabrication techniques, which are categorized into large-scale integration, precise patterning, dynamic tuning, and device packaging. Both the advantages and limitations of these techniques are discussed in relation to industrial manufacturing. Finally, we highlight some important issues related to commercialization, including fabrication standards, recycling, service life, and environmental implications.
Solar PV End-of-Life Waste Recycling: An Assessment of Mechanical Recycling Methods and Proposed Hybrid Laser and High Voltage Pulse Crushing Method
Authors: Ali Amjad , Shahid Muhammad , Qadir Sikandar Abdul , Islam Md Tasbirul , Khan Muhammad Waseem , Ahmed Shoaib
Published: November 2024

This research article investigates the recycling of end-of-life solar photovoltaic (PV) panels by analyzing various mechanical methods, including Crushing, High Voltage Pulse Crushing, Electrostatic Separation, Hot Knife Cutting, Water Jet Cutting, and Magnetic Separation. Each method's effectiveness in extracting materials such as glass, silicon, metals (copper, aluminum, silver, tin, lead), and EVA was evaluated. The analysis reveals that no single method is entirely sufficient for comprehensive material recovery. Based on the data analysis, a new hypothetical hybrid method Laser and High Voltage Pulse (L&HVP) is proposed, which integrates the precision of laser irradiation with the robustness of high voltage pulse crushing. The laser irradiation step would theoretically facilitate the removal of the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulant, preparing the materials for subsequent separation. The high-voltage pulse crushing would then selectively fragment and separate the remaining components, potentially enhancing material recovery efficiency while minimizing contamination. The proposed approach is grounded in the observed limitations of existing techniques. This method aims to offer a more comprehensive and sustainable solution for solar PV module recycling. Further research and experimentation are necessary to validate the effectiveness of the L&HVP method and its potential impact on the field of solar PV recycling.
Enhancing the Quality of Hybrid and Online Courses by Enforcing and Motivating Techniques and Tools for Maximum Engagement in Discussions
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza
Published: November 2024

This study represents a continuous improvement of skills gathered over nearly two decades of teaching online and hybrid courses at Old Westbury and Empire State College. In an online and hybrid environment, the discussion forum has played a vital role in fostering engagement and participation, in comparison to face-to-face courses. Learners are assigned to actively participate in the discussions, while the instructor strives to bridge the gap of face-to-face classroom interactions. Early feedback is one of the techniques of social presence that instructors use to ensure the class activities in the discussions are maximized and direction of discussions are in order. This technique has its own challenges, as learners interact with the instructor responding to the feedback rather than their own classmates. On the other side of early feedback is a common technique with feedback at the end of module courses. A drawback will be that a topic may propagate in the wrong direction. A balance technique for the discussion would be for the instructor to monitor the discussions and respond to the post without giving feedback or right or wrong but stressing what has been presented and even motivating the learners to elaborate when necessary or if they can expand the topic. To motivate the learners in the discussions. Assign a high score like 20% to 35% of the final grade to the discussions with its two-week duration along its module. The evaluation of discussions will be done at the end of the module both considering quality and quantity. It is possible to incorporate a strategy to enhance discussions as a central part of online and hybrid courses where the course activities are directed and prioritized. To ensure the quality several enforcing and motivational techniques are introduced in conjunction with the existing tools of Learning Management Systems. A technique of indirect feedback encouraging learners to post more and build toward quality value. The motivation scheme used at discussions makes everyone participate and contribute. A smart medium like camera, recording voice makes it easy to contribute and have fun. The study illustrates the use of enforcing and applying techniques that can total quality of discussions resulting in a total quality of the course, the use of instructional tools, would be ideal in course performance. The study concludes some of the differences in discussion of online and hybrid courses.
Transforming Bale Twine into Useful Products with an Affordable Melting Machine: Closed-Loop for Recycling Plastics
Authors: Kakarla Akesh B , Ritchie William , Kong Ing
Published: November 2024

The escalating use of plastic materials in agricultural practices has substantially increased the amount of plastic waste directed to landfills, leading to significant environmental and ecological challenges. Conventional disposal methods have been found to release hazardous pollutants, including microplastics and toxic chemicals, exacerbating these concerns. This study aims to address the environmental impact of agricultural plastic waste by exploring advanced reprocessing technologies and characterising the processed waste to assess its physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Synthetic polymer-based bale twine (BT) waste, commonly used in livestock farming, was processed using an economically viable melting machine developed by Ritchie Technology. The BT and processed bale twine (PBT) were analysed to understand their properties. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy revealed that the waste primarily consisted of polypropylene (PP). Thermal analysis indicated that the melting temperature of the PBT was 162.49 °C, similar to virgin PP. Additionally, tensile testing revealed that the PBT had a strength of 13.06 MPa and Young's modulus of 434.07 MPa. The PBT was further transformed into a bench that can be applicable in outdoor applications. Furthermore, PBT was extruded into 3D printable filament. Therefore, it is evident that bale twine waste can be given a second life through an economically viable technology.
A New Approach to Non-Invasive Microcirculation Monitoring: Quantifying Capillary Refill Time Using Oximetric Pulse Waves
Authors: Xia Yuxiang , Wang Xinrui , Guo Zhe , Wang Xuesong , Wang Zhong
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: A new type of capillary refill time measurement system is proposed to be designed to achieve non-invasive, mechanised and standardised measurement of the microcirculatory status of the human body; (2) Methods: First, a mechanical measurement device based on electromagnetic pressurisation technology was designed for the measurement of microcirculation monitoring indexes such as capillary refill time, and the measurement control logic was set based on clinical application scenarios; second, the haemoglobin content in the arterial blood flow in the distal capillary bed was continuously monitored, and a software system was designed for the automatic acquisition, transmission, analysis, computation, and storage of the raw data and noise removal algorithms were proposed for the mutational noise present in the data; finally, healthy adult subjects were recruited to carry out a preliminary clinical observational study to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of the measured parameters; (3) Results: A capillary refill time meter test machine was developed with good CRT reproducibility, both between different observers and between different numbers of observations for a uniform observer; (4) Conclusions: Rapid non-invasive monitoring of microcirculation has been successfully achieved, making non-invasive monitoring of microcirculation further mechanised and standardised, with the advantages of simple measurement and high accuracy.
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Exploring the Role of Biomathematics in Bioinformatics, Including the Analysis of Biological Data and the Development of Computational Tools
Authors: Olushola Akinbusola , Adesiyan Ayomide , Ojo Tolulope , Alao Victoria
Published: November 2024

This study explores the intersection of bioinformatics, computational biology, and biomathematics, focusing on how mathematical models are applied to analyze biological data and develop computational tools. This study highlights the foundational role of biomathematics in biological research including genomics, proteomics, and systems biology. Key areas of focus include the use of statistical models, algorithms, and simulations to create computational tools to aid in data interpretation and drug discovery. Additionally, this paper delves into emerging trends such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data in bioinformatics. By analyzing case studies and real-world applications, this study underscores the significance of biomathematics in advancing biological sciences and the potential for future innovations in personalized medicine and interdisciplinary approaches.
Catamenial Pneumothorax – Still an Unveiled Disease
Authors: Damps-Konstańska Iwona , Szukalska Adriana , Janowiak Piotr , Jassem Ewa
Published: November 2024

Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is an uncommon condition, usually associated with thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES). TES is characterized by the presence of endometriotic lesions in pleura and lung parenchyma and presents with various clinical signs and symptoms, including catamenial pneumothorax. Their diagnosis is often delayed. Pulmonary endometric lesions, however, often detected in patients with hemothorax and hemoptysis, may be absent in a pro-portion of cases of pneumothorax. The typical presentation of CP includes signs and symptoms of pneumothorax, which occur along with menstruation, most commonly around 24 hours before and 48–72 hours after its onset. However, they may not occur during every menstrual cycle. Suggestive CP lesions on conventional radiography (RTG) include pneumoperitoneum accompanying right-sided pneumothorax, lung opacities, pleural effusion, and nodular infiltrates. Chest and abdomen computed tomography (CT), particularly contrast-enhanced, may additionally show pneumoperitoneum and diaphragmatic lesions. The management of CP includes supportive treatment of acute symptoms and causal treatment to prevent recurrent disease. The article pre-sents the pathophysiology of CP, an overview of diagnostic methods and current therapeutic approaches.
Relationship Between Psychological Factors and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Dimitrijević Iva , Hnatešen Dijana , Radoš Ivan , Budrovac Dino , Raguž Marija
Published: November 2024

Low back pain has frequently been mentioned as the most common sort of chronic pain and numerous studies have confirmed its influence on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between age, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, pain-related anxiety, chronic pain acceptance and psychological and physical dimensions of HRQoL in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Data were collected from 201 patients with CLBP using sociodemografic data, the SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale Short Form 20 (PASS-20), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS). The linear regression model for dependent variable Physical Health (SF-36 PhyH) was statistically significant (F(7,201) = 38.951, p <0.05), explained 57.6% of variance regarding Physical Health dimension of HRQL in patients with CLBP. The linear regression model for dependent variable Phychological Health (SF-36 PsyH) was statistically significant (F(7,200) = 39.049, p <0.05), explained 57.7% of variance regarding Psychological Health dimension of HRQL in patients with CLBP. The findings of this study confirm that age, pain intensity, depression, pain-related anxiety, and chronic pain acceptance are significant predictors of the physical dimension of HRQoL, while pain intensity, anxiety, and depression proved to be significant predictors of the psychological dimension of HRQoL in patients with CLBP.
Self-Reported Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Pesticide Handling Knowledge Among Small-Scale Horticulture Women Workers in Tanzania. A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mwakalasya William Nelson , Mamuya Simon Henry , Moen Bente Elisabeth , Ngowi Aiweraisa Vera
Published: November 2024

Women constitute most of the global horticulture workforce, where pesticide use is prevalent. Protecting their health, particularly during pregnancy, is essential. However, knowledge about practices among pregnant employees that cause exposure to pesticides is limited. This study aims to identify such practices and assess the impact of pesticide handling knowledge on exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 432 small-scale horticulture women in Tanzania from October 2022 to April 2023. The women were interviewed using a self-reported questionnaire, with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square, and T-tests used for data analysis. In total, 86% of participants worked in horticulture during pregnancy, with 47.5% continuing into the third trimester. Many engaged in weeding within 24 hours of spraying (57.2%) and washing pesticide-contaminated clothes (51.6%). Most women (93.1%) had limited knowledge of pesticide handling, though some understood mixing (62.5%) and spraying (64.1%) instructions on labels. This study suggests that women working in horticulture engage in activities that expose them to pesticides during pregnancy and have low knowledge of pesticide handling. Such practices expose pregnant women and their offspring to hazardous pesticides. There is a need for deliberate efforts towards protecting women in dangerous workplaces such as agriculture.
Life in the Years: Maximizing Physical and Cognitive Health in the Elderly
Authors: Halma Matthew , Marik Paul , Tuszynski Jack
Published: November 2024

Biomarker-based tests are capable of predicting one’s biological age and mortality risk. To complement the suite of biomarker-based measurements, physical and cognitive performance tests can also improve the predictability of these measurement panels. Importantly, these measurements can be administered quite non-invasively and inexpensively, and training programs can be developed to improve parameters in aging. This will be a vital approach in improving the health of the aged and preventing massive healthcare expenditures at the end of life, which may become a serious fiscal issue if not addressed. This review touches on the ways people can measure function, the models that predict mortality based on this data, and the interventions that seek to improve these measures, subsequently extending lifespan and reducing mortality risk (as primary endpoints) and enhancing function and independence as secondary endpoints.
Coupled Hydrodynamic and Biogeochemical Modeling in the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Iberian Peninsula) Using Delft3D: Model Validation and Performance
Authors: Castro-Olivares Adrián , Des Marisela , DeCastro Maite , Pereira Humberto , Picado Ana , Días João Miguel , Gómez-Gesteira Moncho
Published: November 2024

Estuaries are dynamic and resource-rich ecosystems renowned for their high productivity and ecological significance. The Rías Baixas, located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, consist of four highly productive estuaries that support the region's economy through key fisheries and aquaculture activities. Numerical modelling of biogeochemical processes in the rias is essential to address environmental and anthropogenic pressures, particularly in areas facing intense human development. This study presents a high-resolution water quality model developed using Delft3D software, integrating hydrodynamic (Delft3D-FLOW) and water quality (Delft3D-WAQ) modules. Calibration and validation demonstrate the robust performance and reliability of the model in simulating critical biogeochemical processes, such as nutrient cycling and phytoplankton dynamics. The model effectively captures seasonal and spatial variations in water quality parameters, including water temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a. Of the variables studied, the model performed best for dissolved oxygen, followed by nitrates, phosphates, ammonium, silicate and chlorophyll-a. While some discrepancies were observed in inner zones and deeper layers of the rias, overall performance metrics aligned closely with observed data, enhancing confidence in the model's utility for future research and resource management. These results highlight the model's value as a tool for research and managing water and marine resources in the Rías Baixas.
Alien Plant Invasion: Are They Strictly Nature’s Enemy and How Can We Use Their Supremacy?
Authors: Bobuľská Lenka , Demková Lenka , Pinčáková Gabriela , Lošák Tomáš
Published: November 2024

Invasion of plant species has been considered as one of the most dangerous force in biodiversity changes and alteration of soil properties. Due to their significant impacts on ecology and the economy, it is important to find an effective approaches to manage the invasive plants expansion and utilize them as beneficial biomass sources. This review focuses on the characterization of the negative and positive features of invasive plant species in general. Most studies targeted on invasive species removal and lacked an evaluation of their potentials in modern biotechnologies. Currently, there are studies aimed at their use in soil remediation, medicine, the chemical industry, the textile industry, and even gastronomy. Based on these reviews, we bring forward possible future development in this research field, which might serve as a theoretical premise for further researches.
Prediction of the Binding to Nuclear Factor NF-Kappa-B of Constituents from Teucrium polium L. Essential Oil
Authors: de Barros Renilson Castro , da Costa Renato Araújo , Guenane Nesrine , Bakchiche Boulanouar , Benaceur Farouk , Elkiran Ömer , Farias Suelem Daniella Pinho , Mota Vanessa Regina Silva , Dolabela Maria Fâni
Published: November 2024

Teucrium polium L. is a plant with various claims of ethnobotanical use, primarily for in-flammatory diseases. Chemical studies have already isolated different types of terpenes from the species, and studies have established the pharmacological potential. The present study evaluated the components of T. polium essential oil cultivated in Algerian Saharan Atlas. GC-MS identified the major components as Fenchone (31.25%), 3-Carene (15.77%), cis-Limonene oxide (9.77%), and Myrcene (9.15%). In the in silico prediction, molecules with more than 1% abundance were selected. Regarding Lipinski’s rule, all molecules fol-lowed the rule. All molecules were found to be toxic in at least one model, with some mol-ecules being non-genotoxic (6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13), others being non-mutagenic (5, 7, 9, 14). Three molecules were selected that showed the best results in pharmacokinetic and toxici-ty studies: the molecules that did not present carcinogenic potential (7 - Myrtenal; 9 - Myr-tenol; 14 – Verbenol). The molecular target was established and it seems that all three bind to the Nuclear Factor NF-kappa-B. Based on the docking and molecular dynamics results. These molecules have potential as anti-inflammatory agents, with further in vitro and in vivo studies needed to evaluate their activities and toxicity.