bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy and battery management systems for electrical vehicles: A comprehensive review & recommendations
Authors: Challoob Ali Falih , Bin Rahmat Nur Azzammudin , A/L Ramachandaramurthy Vigna Kumaran , Humaidi Amjad Jaleel
Published: November 2023

Electric vehicle technology has recently drawn a lot of interest on a global scale due to improved performance in its efficiency and the capability to solve the problems of carbon emission. As such, electric vehicles are the key to achieving sustainable development goals. This review article analyzes deeply the previous technical developments of electric vehicles, focusing on important topics like battery management systems, technologies of power electronics, techniques of charging, and the relevant algorithms and improvements. In addition, several critical problems, and difficulties are presented in order to pinpoint the gaps in the literature. To address the analysis of battery behavior, battery condition monitoring, real-time control design, temperature control, fault diagnostics, and efficiency of battery model are considered. This study highlighted the estimation techniques that predict the internal battery conditions such as internal temperature, state of health, and state of charge, which are difficult to be directly monitored and determined. A lithium-ion battery, a super-capacitor, and related bidirectional DC/DC converters constitutes the infrastructure of a hybrid power system. This review offers useful and practical recommendations for the future development of electric vehicle technology which in turn help electric vehicle engineers to be acquainted with effective techniques of battery storage, battery charging strategies, converters, controllers, and optimization methods to satisfy the requirements of sustainable development goals. Accordingly, this review article will be a platform and future guide for those who are interesting in the field of energy management and its development.
Stable nullspace adaptive parameter identification of 6 degree-of-freedom plant and actuator models for underactuated vehicles: Theory and experimental evaluation
Authors: Harris Zachary J. , Mao Annie M. , Paine Tyler M. , Whitcomb Louis L.
Published: November 2023

Model-based approaches to navigation, control, and fault detection that utilize precise nonlinear models of vehicle plant dynamics will enable more accurate control and navigation, assured autonomy, and more complex missions for such vehicles. This paper reports novel theoretical and experimental results addressing the problem of parameter estimation of plant and actuator models for underactuated underwater vehicles operating in 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) whose dynamics are modeled by finite-dimensional Newton-Euler equations. This paper reports the first theoretical approach and experimental validation to identify simultaneously plant-model parameters (parameters such as mass, added mass, hydrodynamic drag, and buoyancy) and control-actuator parameters (control-surface models and thruster models) in 6-DOF. Most previously reported studies on parameter identification assume that the control-actuator parameters are known a priori. Moreover, this paper reports the first proof of convergence of the parameter estimates to the true set of parameters for this class of vehicles under a persistence of excitation condition. The reported adaptive identification (AID) algorithm does not require instrumentation of 6-DOF vehicle acceleration, which is required by conventional approaches to parameter estimation such as least squares. Additionally, the reported AID algorithm is applicable under any arbitrary open-loop or closed-loop control law. We report simulation and experimental results for identifying the plant-model and control-actuator parameters for an L3 OceanServer Iver3 autonomous underwater vehicle. We believe this general approach to AID could be extended to apply to other classes of machines and other classes of marine, land, aerial, and space vehicles.
Analyzing Freeway Safety Influencing Factors Using the CatBoost Model and Interpretable Machine-Learning Framework, SHAP
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Wang Xuesong , Yang Xiaohan , Zhang Qi , Pan Hanzhong
Published: November 2023

Exploring and analyzing safety influencing factors can guide targeted traffic safety management. Traditional traffic safety models are aimed at specific data problems and making adjustments to the model structure, which lack focus on predictive ability and have limited information on the analysis of influencing factors. In recent years, machine-learning methods have opened new avenues in modeling that have higher prediction accuracy, can identify complex nonlinear relationships, and can overcome over- and under-dispersion and correlation. Machine-learning methods, however, pose the problem of limited interpretability. The interpretable machine-learning framework SHAP can be an effective solution, which can not only reflect the influence of features in each sample but also generate global interpretation. This study established gradient boosting models including the CatBoost and XGBoost models as traffic safety models, which were compared with a traditional NB regression model and a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. SHAP was used to analyze several safety influencing factors, including geometric design features, traffic operation characteristics, time of day, and land use. Results confirmed that the CatBoost model has better prediction ability and is a more suitable traffic safety model than the traditional negative binomial regression model. Among the key findings were that ramp type is the most important factor in freeway crash frequency; curve presence has a great positive impact, while truck proportion has a great negative impact; and traffic volume is highly correlated with truck proportion. These findings can provide theoretical support for safety operation management and targeted improvement measures for freeways.
MRI Criteria for Healing at 1 Year After Repair of a Traumatic Meniscal Tear
Authors: Schwach Maxime , Grange Sylvain , Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven , Philippot Rémi , Neri Thomas
Published: November 2023

Background:

Meniscal repair for a traumatic meniscal tear is increasingly used to preserve the meniscus. Interpreting postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans remains challenging, especially in symptomatic patients. There is a lack of reliable MRI criteria to affirm the healed character of a traumatic meniscal injury repair.

Purpose:

To identify relevant MRI criteria for meniscal healing after meniscal repair.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We prospectively included all patients with a traumatic meniscal injury who underwent either an isolated meniscal repair or a repair during a concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A standardized preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluation was performed, along with collection of functional scores—Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm Score, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. An MRI scan was performed 1 year postoperatively and compared with the preoperative MRI scan. The following MRI aspects were analyzed: variation of morphology and fat-saturated (FS) T2 intensity signal and pre- and postoperative tear diastasis measurement.

Results:

Fifty patients (age, mean ± SD, 28.7 ± 8.5 years [range, 16-45 years]) who were 1 year postoperative were included. All patients were considered clinically healed had the same MRI characteristics. A signal change (FS T2) was observed from a high signal intensity fluid to a nonfluid moderate signal intensity. The morphology of the lesion was more complex: from the initial lesion, line ramifications appeared, creating the appearance of tree branches. The tear diastasis decreased (from 2.3 ± 0.5 mm [range, 1.3-3.5] to 1.1 ± 0.28 mm [range, 0.5-1.5]).

Conclusion:

MRI criteria confirming meniscal healing after traumatic meniscal repair at 1 year were identified: a change in the intrameniscal signal becoming nonfluid and moderate in intensity; a reduction in tear diastasis to <1.5 mm; and a change in the signal morphology of the repaired meniscus.
Optimizing process parameters of fused deposition molding for 3D printing customized control of polyetheretherketone scaffolds
Authors: Sun Jingfeng , Chen Mantao , Zhao Hui , Zheng Wenxu , Zhou Wuyi
Published: November 2023

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), with good biocompatibility and similar mechanical properties to natural bone, is extensively employed in the manufacture of prostheses. However, the precision and mechanical properties of current implants are major challenges for clinical applications. In this study, the effect of pore size, raster angle and printing temperature were investigated on length, width, thickness, material consumption, compressive strength and Young’s modulus. Taguchi design of experiment method was used to reduce the number of experiments and optimize the printing process parameters. Finally, predictive analysis was exploited to give the optimal set of process parameters. Experimental results indicated that the approach applied in this work provided more accurate predictions and control of the response variables. The maximum compressive strength and compressive modulus of PEEK scaffolds reached 43.4 MPa and 253.3 MPa, respectively. Therefore, the methodology of present work has the potential to meet the demand of design precision and manufacture of customized bone substitutes.
Modeling and compensation of the axial thermal error of electric spindles based on HHO-GRU method
Authors: Li Yang , Bai Yinming , Tian Jingyao , Zhang Huijie , Zhao Wanhua
Published: November 2023

As the core component of precision CNC machine tools, a lot of heat is generated from the internal heat source of electric spindles during operation, resulting in thermal deformation and thermal errors that affect machining accuracy. Thermal error compensation is an economical method for reducing thermal errors, through which the impact of thermal errors on machining accuracy can effectively decrease. Taking a high-speed electric spindle as the research object, the temperature measurement points are selected as its front and rear bearing seat, as well as some positions far from the heat source. The temperature changes at the front and rear bearing as well as in the environment are monitored, then the thermal errors are measured using a Lion spindle rotation accuracy instrument. The optimal training parameters of the gated recurrent unit (GRU) network are optimized utilizing the global optimization ability of a Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO). Finally, the thermal error prediction model of the GRU electric spindle optimized using the Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO-GRU) is established, based on which axial thermal error compensation experiments are conducted. The results show that using the HHO-GRU prediction model for compensation, the axial thermal errors of the electric spindle can be reduced by more than 80%, which can be controlled within 5 μm.
Study on tool wear and optimization of machining parameters in laser-assisted fast tool servo machining of glass-ceramic
Authors: Fan Mingxu , Zhou Xiaoqin , Song Jinzhou , Jiang Shan , Gao Ke , Chen Shunfa
Published: November 2023

Glass-ceramic is difficult to be ultra precision machined due to its high hardness and brittleness. Laser-assisted fast tool servo machining (LAFTSM) of glass-ceramic optical free-form surface was carried out with tool wear as the characteristic value to study the machining quality of glass-ceramic. Orthogonal experiments on LAFTSM were conducted using the Taguchi method (TM). The range of tool wear reduction obtained by comparing laser-assisted machining (LAM) with fast tool servo (FTS) machining is 48.83%–64.12%. The order of contribution of each machining parameter obtained through variance analysis to the reduction of tool wear is: spindle speed > laser power > feed rate > piezoelectric frequency. The optimal combination of machining parameters that can minimize tool wear obtained through signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis is: spindle speed 55 rpm, feed rate 0.01 mm/rev, piezoelectric frequency 8 Hz, laser power 75 W. Artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to fit and optimize the machining parameters and experimental results in TM orthogonal experiments. The fitting values of ANN are highly consistent with the orthogonal experimental results. The optimal combination of machining parameters obtained after GA optimization analysis is: spindle speed 50 rpm, feed rate 0.015 mm/rev, piezoelectric frequency 4 Hz, laser power 75 W. Experiments were conducted using the optimal combination of machining parameters of TM and ANN, the results showed that ANN performs better than TM in predicting minimum tool wear and optimizing machining parameters. This study provides a reference for LAFTSM and the research methods of tool wear.
Grinding wheel profile design and temperature field analysis of the pinion for internal meshing gear with curve configuration
Authors: Liang Dong , Hao Ningda , Zhao Weicheng , Li Ming
Published: November 2023

To further develop the performance testing and practical application of internal meshing gear with curve configuration, the grinding manufacturing method is proposed in this paper. Based on basic principle of internal meshing gear with curve configuration, Newton’s iterative method is used to derive the contact line condition equation during the process of form grinding. Then, the spatial coordinate transformation relationship of the pinion is established, and normal profile of the grinding wheel is derived. An improved transversal algorithm is proposed to analyze the tooth profile error after form grinding simulation, and the results verify the correctness of the designed grinding wheel. A meshing model with single tooth is established. The effects of different parameters on the grinding temperature field under dry and wet grinding conditions are simulated respectively, which will be helpful to the optimization and control of temperature in grinding process. The research results lay the essential theoretical foundation and engineering analysis for practical form grinding applications of the new internal gears. Further study on experimental analysis of grinding manufacturing process of the new tooth surfaces will be carried out.
Optimization of transonic low-Reynolds number airfoil based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Chen Zhaolin , Wei XiaoHui , Xiao Tianhang , Qin Ning
Published: November 2023

A 2-D airfoil shape optimization in transonic low-Reynolds number regime is conducted. A Navier–Stokes flow solver with a transition model (k-ω SST γ-Reθ) is used to evaluate the fitness function. Single-point and multi-point formulations of the optimization results are compared. In addition, the effects of Mach number and angles of attack on aerodynamic characteristics of the optimized airfoils are investigated under low Reynolds number (Re = 17,000) and high-subsonic-flow ([Formula: see text]) conditions. The results show that the corresponding drag divergence Mach number curves of the conventional airfoil present almost a parallel shifting at the entire Mach number range. By contrast, the unconventional airfoil starts showing a significant drag reduction when Mach number is greater than 0.75. Besides, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is highly influenced by the Mach number because of the formation, movement, type, and strength of a shock wave. In addition, the distinguishing difference in the conclusion between two airfoils is that the lift fluctuation of the conventional airfoil amplifies with the increase of the Mach number. However, the unconventional airfoil shows an opposite trend.
Disconnected and disabled during the pandemic: Toward more inclusive pandemic response plans in the Global South
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Pitaloka Dyah
Published: November 2023

This study centers on the information world of Persons with Disabilities (PwD) living in the Global South during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intersection between information practices and disability studies have been mainly situated within the context of the Global North although the pandemic has perpetuated the global power imbalance between rich and poor countries. Based on an analysis of qualitative data collected from PwD in Vietnam during the pandemic, we found that the boundaries between individual, social, and professional domains blurred as the PwD used the same digital platforms accessible and affordable for them to meet different information needs arising from the continuous shifts and disruptions the pandemic had brought to their everyday life. The platforms also allowed the PwD to make stronger connections with themselves, others with disability, and the country during difficult times. In tandem, the PwD’s information world was characterized by the need to protect themselves from contracting the virus and to follow official pandemic response guidelines. The findings demonstrate the importance of centering disability rights and digital rights in pandemic preparedness, response, and recovery plans, particularly in countries with limited resources in Southeast Asia.
Lexico-grammatical Analysis of Media Representation of Men in Rape Coverage
Authors: Kijratanakoson Nattawaj
Published: November 2023

This study seeks to examine the representation of men in rape coverage produced by Thai media. The analysis is theoretically triangulated between Biber et al.’s markers of stance and Mellado’s journalistic role performance. Methodologically, corpus-assisted discourse analysis is adopted. The corpus consists of 167 news articles with a total number of 126,150 words. The period of publication ranges from 2007 to 2022. Findings indicate that male perpetrators are discursively vilified through discourse structures which signify augmented agency to inflict harm upon victims. To illustrate, the lexical item rape is made to occur simultaneously with other material verb processes which intensify an act of violence such as bludgeon and kill. In contrast, the agency of male victims is downplayed. This is evidenced in the fact that their voice is expressed through other parties such as witnesses and NGO officers instead of emanating from the victims themselves. Possible ways to humanise the representation are discussed.
Evaluation of Social Media Marketing Literature in the Tourism Industry Using PRISMA
Authors: Solanki Mamta S. , Thomas Joby
Published: November 2023

Social media is an effective communication and information-sharing tool for tourism enterprises and organisations. Tourism marketing shall tap the growing popularity of social media and internet users, embracing a technological shift by optimising the potential of social media. This research study evaluates the academic journal articles related to social media in the tourism industry published on EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar academic databases from 2005 to 2022. The article adopts a content analysis approach to review the articles and to evaluate the present state of knowledge of social media marketing in academic literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is used for reporting and screening the review papers. The articles were coded and categorised under six major themes: Marketing, Destination experience/image, Tourism recovery, Smart tourism, Communication and Promotion. The research analysis has identified two major areas: (a) Travellers’/tourists’ Perspective which has a focus on their behavioural attitude and (b) Tourism Agencies’ Perspective which has a functional approach. Based on the review of the literature to give direction for further research, an improvised version of the definition for the term ‘social media’ with the inclusion of more specific terms in it has been proposed with theoretical and practical implications.
Locating the Evolving Vietnam–India Security Partnership in Hanoi’s Hedging Strategy with Major Powers: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis
Authors: Gill Don McLain
Published: November 2023

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, Vietnam has consistently strengthened its security ties with India. However, notable gaps remain in theorizing the burgeoning security partnership in the context of Hanoi’s foreign policy decision-making. Common arguments revolve around structural, material, and utility-maximizing motivations. However, these overlook the dynamism of Vietnamese foreign policy vis-à-vis the emerging structural power dynamics and the motivations behind domestic-level decision-making. While the role of structural forces has been irrefutable given Hanoi’s desire to hedge with major powers since the Cold War period, they are not enough to determine the nature, motivations, speed and scope of the Southeast Asian state’s strengthening security ties with India since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Therefore, through a neoclassical realist analysis, this article seeks to explain how enhancing security ties with India fits in Hanoi’s overarching hedging strategy since the mid-twentieth century in ways beyond utility-maximizing models.
What clinicians need to know about intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression?
Authors: Hope Judy , Copolov David , Tiller John , Galbally Megan , Hopwood Malcolm , Newton Richard , Keks Nicholas A
Published: November 2023

Objective

To review the usefulness of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.

Method

Pivotal trials of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression were synthesized as a narrative review.

Results

Esketamine is postulated to act through antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, but opioidergic effects may also be involved. Unlike intravenous ketamine, esketamine is given intranasally (under clinical observation), usually in addition to an oral antidepressant. Trials compared esketamine plus antidepressant versus placebo plus antidepressant. At 4 weeks, remission was 37% higher with esketamine/antidepressant than placebo/antidepressant. Speed of response and improvement in suicidality were comparable. In stable remitters on esketamine/antidepressant, 45% relapsed when esketamine was withdrawn over the following 6 months (whereas 25% relapsed on esketamine/antidepressant). Response appears less likely in patients with multiple antidepressant failures. Adverse effects include dissociation, dizziness, nausea, sedation, and headache but no psychosis. Hypertension affected 13%, especially older patients. Dose frequency is twice-weekly for 4 weeks, then weekly/fortnightly thereafter. No abuse has been reported. Unsubsidised cost may be beyond the reach of many Australians.

Conclusion

Intranasal esketamine plus antidepressant has been approved by regulators as moderately effective and acceptably tolerable for treatment-resistant depression. Cost is a drawback. Use often needs to be long-term and vigilance for abuse is essential.
School Nurses and Chronic Absenteeism in Schools: A Qualitative Study on Experiences, Perspectives, and Roles
Authors: Lee Knoo , Brown Camille , Singerhouse Emily , Martin Lauren , McMorris Barbara J.
Published: November 2023

Regular attendance is integral for students’ academic success; it also affects adolescents’ physical and mental health. Very few studies consider (a) differences between partial- and full-day absences regarding chronic absenteeism (CA; missing school ≥15 days in an academic year); or (b) roles of school nurses in addressing student absenteeism. This study describes school nurses’ perceptions of factors related to CA and differences between partial- and full-day absences by analyzing qualitative data from six focus groups with 21 Midwestern school nurses. Four themes emerged: Absenteeism at the intersection of family and health; Absenteeism at the intersection of family and school; Absenteeism at the intersection of family and ecological systems; and School nurse roles in supporting chronically absent students. Findings highlight the importance of school nurses by describing their role in identifying students who are at risk for CA, allowing for effective assessment and intervention with students before patterns of CA become habitual.
Acceptability of RealConsent: A Sexual Violence Web-Based Risk Reduction Program for College Women
Authors: Schipani-McLaughlin Anne Marie , Salazar Laura F. , Leone Ruschelle M. , Balser Dori , Hunley Kate , Quinn-Echevarria Kelly
Published: November 2023

Acceptability of a sexual violence (SV) risk reduction program called RealConsent designed for first-year female college students was conducted as part of a larger, randomized controlled trial. RealConsent uses web-based and mobile technology to deliver four 45-minute theoretically and empirically derived modules designed to increase knowledge, affect attitudes and normative beliefs, increase bystander and other protective behaviors, and reduce alcohol misuse. Educational entertainment is used throughout the program to achieve these aims. A total of 444 first-year female college students recruited from three Southeastern universities who were eligible and provided informed consent were randomized to RealConsent. Acceptability was ascertained both quantitatively and qualitatively through a survey administered following the completion of each of four modules. Results suggest that overall, RealConsent was viewed as relatable, realistic, and relevant. Most participants rated modules as good/excellent in quality, in organization, and in the conveying of a high degree of knowledge regarding alcohol misuse, consent for sex, sexual communication, defense strategies, protective strategies, and intervening to prevent SV. Suggestions to improve RealConsent centered on having more content inclusive of sexual and gender-minoritized students. Results suggest that RealConsent is an acceptable SV risk reduction program among first-year female college students and may have advantages for dissemination over in-person programs due to its web-based and mobile technology.
How Might We Have Known? Using Administrative Data to Predict 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Clients Receiving Home Care Services from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Saragosa Marianne , Zagrodney Katherine AP , Rabeenthira Prakathesh , King Emily C , McKay Sandra M
Published: November 2023

Background:

Reducing hospital readmissions can improve individual health outcomes and lower system-level costs. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of home care Personal Support clients who experienced a hospital admission (ie, hospital hold) and to identify factors that predict hospital readmission within 30 days of resuming home care Personal Support services.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using client administrative data from a home healthcare provider organization (2018-2021). The sample included clients (⩾18 years) who received publicly funded Personal Support services and experienced a hospital hold. Descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model analyzed the relationship between demographics, hospital service utilization, home care service utilization, and contextual factors on the outcome of 30-day hospital readmission.

Results:

Approximately 17% (n = 662) of all clients with a hospital hold (n = 3992) were readmitted to hospital within 30 days. Compared with non-readmitted clients, those with greater home care Personal Support service intensity after the index hospital hold were less likely to experience a hospital 30-day readmission. In contrast, those with greater acuity, higher assessed care needs, more hospital holds overall, more extended hospital stays (⩾2 weeks), and lower social support had a higher likelihood of 30-day hospital readmission.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study provide a greater understanding of factors associated with home care clients’ risk of hospital readmission within 30 days and can be used to inform targeted, evidence-based support to reduce home care clients’ hospital readmissions.
Protein Expression and Bioinformatics Study of Granulosa Cells of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Expressed Under the Influence of DHEA
Authors: Pant Pankaj , Sircar Reema , Prasad Ritu , Prasad Hari Om , Chitme Havagiray R
Published: November 2023

Background:

The reproductive system is heavily dependent on ovarian follicles, which are made up of germ cells (oocytes) and granulosa cells (GCs), including cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) and mural granulosa cells (MGCs). Understanding their normal and steroid-induced functions is the key to understanding the pathophysiology of endocrinal diseases in women.

Objective:

This study investigated the differentially expressed proteins by CGCs and MGCs of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and without subsequent exposure to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and functional differentiation.

Design:

The present study was observational and experimental study carried out in hospital involving 80 female patients undergoing IVF for infertility.

Methods:

In this study, we isolated CGCs and MGCs from the follicular fluid of both PCOS and non-PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The cells were cultured and treated with DHEAS for 48 hours, and these cells were extracted, digested, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry followed by processing of the results using open-source bioinformatics tools.

Results:

The present investigation discovered 276 and 341 proteins in CGCs and MGCs, respectively. DHEAS reduced the number of proteins expressed by CGCs and MGCs to 34 and 57 from 91 and 94, respectively. Venn results of CGCs revealed 49, 53, 36, and 21 proteins in normal CGCs, PCOS-CGCs, post-DHEAS, and PCOS-CGCs, respectively. Venn analysis of MGCs showed 51 proteins specific to PCOS and 29 shared by normal and PCOS samples after DHEAS therapy. MGCs express the most binding and catalytic proteins, whereas CGCs express transporter-related proteins. A protein pathway study demonstrated considerable differences between normal and PCOS samples, while DHEAS-treated samples of both cell lines showed distinct pathways. String findings identified important network route components such as albumin, actin, apolipoprotein, complement component C3, and heat shock protein.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to show how DHEAS-induced stress affects the expression of proteins by MGCs and CGCs isolated from normal and PCOS patients. Further studies are recommended to identify PCOS biomarkers from CGCs and MGCs expressed under the influence of DHEAS.
Tracing the smells of childhoods with an olfactory research inquiry
Authors: Ingebretsen Kucirkova Natalia
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a multi-method olfactory inquiry to document the rich ways in which children's sense of smell is embodied and embedded in an interplay of senses and socio-spatial relationships. I approach olfaction as a conceptual strategy and connect it to socio-material and socio-spatial theories to illustrate the ways in which close empirical attention to olfaction can provide new insights into children's sensory experiences. An olfactory research inquiry rests on traditional (e.g. SmellMaps and SmellLogs) and speculative (e.g. Ododata and Olfactoscapes) olfactory techniques that invite adults’ and children's agentic responses to odours through relational, dynamic, and non-linguistic modes. As a critical sub-methodology of sensory inquiries, olfactory inquiry can help us re-think normative, homogenizing, mind-body relations in early childhood research and practice.
Visual and non-visual responses of drivers to simulated LED headlights varying in correlated colour temperature
Authors: Mehri A , Golmohammadi R , Aliabadi M , Farhadian M , Bullough JD , Samavati M
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of automotive headlights of different correlated colour temperatures (CCT) on the visual and non-visual performance of drivers. Forty drivers participated in the study, driving in a simulated night road for 45 min in three sessions. The LED headlights had CCTs of 3176 K, 4358 K and 6923 K, with an illuminance of 5 lx perpendicular to the participants’ eyes. Heart rate variability (HRV), psychomotor vigilance task and Karolinska sleepiness scale were measured before and after driving. At the end of the trials, achromatic far and near visual acuity tests, as well as achromatic far and near contrast sensitivity tests, were conducted. The study revealed that CCT did not affect achromatic far and near visual acuity. However, CCT had an impact on achromatic near and far contrast sensitivity, with higher CCT resulting in improved achromatic contrast sensitivity. As the CCT decreased, participants exhibited increased reaction time, made more errors, and reported higher sleepiness. The most significant physiological changes in HRV, including alterations in low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF, were observed at lower CCT. The findings of this study suggest that both the visual and non-visual performance of drivers were enhanced when high CCTs were used for automotive LED headlights.
Evaluation of Qualitative Data Analysis Software by a Visually Impaired Researcher: An Autoethnographic Study
Authors: Emara Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Although computational methods facilitate research studies greatly, academics with visual impairment cannot utilize these tools to their maximum potential. Not only do computational research methods themselves have many shortcomings, but the needs and problems encountered by researchers with visual impairment in using these tools are not identified. In particular, the use of qualitative data analysis software (Q-DAS) by researchers with visual impairment has not been thoroughly examined. Thus, the current article addresses the benefits that visually impaired researchers can gain from employing commercial Q-DAS software packages in analyzing qualitative data. Further, Q-DAS problems that researchers with visual impairments experience are discussed. In addition, the article proposes solutions by which Q-DAS utilization in studies performed by/for the visual impairment community could improve. The article has many significant contributions, not only for scholars with visual impairment but also for elderly scientists whose vision declines over time. The article addresses this topic through critical disability studies.
Golden brush and evolving canvas—Navigating the digital art and Non-fungible tokens
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mayukh
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This case study explores the evolving landscape of digital art and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) through the journey of Niklas Elmehed, a renowned freelance artist responsible for the Nobel Laureate portraits. It delves into the challenges and opportunities presented by NFTs, touching upon topics such as data privacy, generative AI, and the changing nature of visual communication. Pedagogical Objective: The case aims to help learners understand the impact of NFTs on the art world, the cognitive theory of visual communication, and the influence of generative AI. It prompts critical thinking about the future of digital art, personal branding, and strategic choices for artists in the digital era. Case Positioning and Setting: This case is suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses in art, digital marketing, and entrepreneurship. It can be used to facilitate discussions on NFT adoption, the intersection of technology and art, and the implications for artists and collectors. The case protagonist is based in Stockholm, Sweden and the timeline is from 1997 to 2023.
A modified mental state assessment tool for impact analysis of virtual reality-based therapeutic interventions in patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Khan Samiya , Naeem Muhammad Kamran , Tania Marzia Hoque , Refat Nadia , Rahman Md Arafatur , Patwary Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This work has developed a modified mental state assessment tool for impact analysis of therapeutic interventions for patients with cognitive impairment. This work includes a pilot study to validate the proposed tool and assess the impact of virtual reality-based interventions on patient well-being, which includes assessment of cognitive ability and mood.

Methods

The suggested tool’s robustness and reliability are assessed in care home facilities with elderly residents over the age of 55. Because of the repetitive nature of the pilot study, test-retest strategy for Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is employed to validate the internal consistency of the proposed tool over time. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed on the collected data to draw inferences on the impact of virtual reality-based interventions on patients with cognitive impairments.

Results

The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value shows that the proposed tool’s resilience is comparable to that of its pre-intervention counterparts. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values are determined for Pre-virtual reality and Post-virtual reality interventions, which include 116 virtual reality sessions for 52-participant, and three cohorts of virtual reality sessions for 21 participants. These values for a majority of the interventions remained within the acceptable range of 0.6–0.8.

Conclusions

The proposed modified mental state assessment tool is observed to be a reliable tool for investigating the impact of virtual reality-based interventions on patients with cognitive impairments. One of the notable significance of the proposed tool is that this allows for resource allocation for such interventions to be tailored to the needs of the patient, leading to greater therapeutic efficacy and resource efficiency.
An Unbridgeable Gap? Racial Attitudes and Friendship in Prison
Authors: Wenger Marin R. , Young Jacob T.N. , Whichard Corey
Published: November 2023

The United States is experiencing growth in racial and ethnic diversity, yet racial tensions remain high. Proponents of contact theory suggest that interracial contact should alleviate racial tensions when contact occurs under the right conditions. The current study uses a network approach to examine the relationship between race, racial attitudes, and friendship within a novel setting satisfying the “right” conditions: a good behavior prison unit. Using social network data from 133 men and Exponential Random Graph Models, we examine whether racial attitudes influence the patterns of intraracial versus interracial ties. Results reveal that negative racial attitudes do not differentially impact the sending of intraracial versus interracial ties, but reduce the odds of receiving interracial ties from other participants. We discuss the implications of these findings for contact theory as well as for research on race relations both within and outside of prison.
Customer Concentration and Information Transparency: Evidence From China
Authors: Ren Lili , Li Chunling , Zhang Ruijun , Yuan Runsen , Khaliq Nosherwan
Published: November 2023

Information transparency plays a vital role for developing capital markets. Using data of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020, this study examined the impact of customer concentration on corporate information transparency from a supply chain perspective. It suggests that a significant negative correlation exists between customer concentration and information transparency. Customer concentration affects the quality of corporate information disclosures. Through the mechanism test, the impact of customer concentration on corporate information transparency is based on the risk effect rather than the substitution effect of private information on public information. Research on regulatory effects points out that a poor internal information environment aggravates the negative relationship between customer concentration and information transparency. However, media supervision and a higher marketization process alleviate the adverse effects of customer concentration on information transparency. This study indicates that firms with a higher customer concentration have a higher risk of information disclosure, which provides a reference point for investors for making investment-related decisions and for the capital market supervision department for formulating information disclosure policies.
Timing of Spinal Surgery in Polytrauma: The Relevance of Injury Severity, Injury Level and Associated Injuries
Authors: Hax Jakob , Teuben Michel , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Berk Till , Scherer Julian , Jensen Kai Oliver , Lefering Rolf , Pape Hans-Christoph , Sprengel Kai ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: November 2023

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Objective

Polytraumatized patients with spinal injuries require tailor-made treatment plans. Severity of both spinal and concomitant injuries determine timing of spinal surgery. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of spinal injury localization, severity and concurrent injury patterns on timing of surgery and subsequent outcome.

Methods

The TraumaRegister DGU® was utilized and patients, aged ≥16 years, with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 and diagnosed with relevant spinal injuries (abbreviated injury scale, AIS ≥ 3) were selected. Concurrent spinal and non-spinal injuries were analysed and the relation between injury severity, concurrent injury patterns and timing of spinal surgery was determined.

Results

12.596 patients with a mean age of 50.8 years were included. 7.2% of patients had relevant multisegmental spinal injuries. Furthermore, 50% of patients with spine injuries AIS ≥3 had a more severe non-spinal injury to another body part. ICU and hospital stay were superior in patients treated within 48 hrs for lumbar and thoracic spinal injuries. In cervical injuries early intervention (<48 hrs) was associated with increased mortality rates (9.7 vs 6.3%).

Conclusions

The current multicentre study demonstrates that polytrauma patients frequently sustain multiple spinal injuries, and those with an index spine injury may therefore benefit from standardized whole-spine imaging. Moreover, timing of surgical spinal surgery and outcome appear to depend on the severity of concomitant injuries and spinal injury localization. Future prospective studies are needed to identify trauma characteristics that are associated with improved outcome upon early or late spinal surgery.
Straight to the Sources: Analyzing Elementary Preservice Teacher Planning for Inquiry
Authors: Quinn Alexa M. , Hakim Alexandria
Published: November 2023

Through a multiphase coding process, the researchers examined the selection, characteristics, and planned use of 111 written, visual, oral, and material sources that preservice teachers incorporated into plans for inquiry-based elementary social studies instruction. Preservice teachers identified Google as their main tool for locating potential sources, selected far more secondary than primary sources, and varied widely in how they prepared sources for elementary students. Planned use of sources focused almost entirely on identifying key details, with limited opportunities designed for students to contextualize sources, examine bias, or corroborate evidence. Implications for teacher education related to source selection and analysis are discussed.
The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Nurses’ Resilience: A Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Mohammad Heba Farouk , Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Elliethey Nancy Sabry
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Authentic leadership has been identified as a style needed to promote quality patient care and nurses’ retention.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the authentic leadership exhibited by nurse managers and the levels of resilience and self-efficacy among nurses.

Methods

A descriptive correlational study was conducted in an Egyptian hospital. A sample of convenience nurses ( N = 285) completed the Authentic Leadership Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed with correlation and structural equation modeling.

Results

The highest percentages of nurses (53.33% and 45.96%) perceived their nurse managers as having either moderate or high levels of authentic leadership. The majority of nurses rated themselves as moderately resilient (63.98%, 25.59 ± 6.56) and highly efficacious (76.70%, 30.68 ± 4.95). Furthermore, the analysis conducted using SPSS-AMOS reveals a significant positive association between the variables. Specifically, authentic leadership, along with its constituent components, accounts for approximately 22% of the overall variance observed in nurses’ resilience. Additionally, it is shown that these same factors explain approximately 34% of the variance in nurses’ self-efficacy. Moreover, the mediating role of self-efficacy was found to explain 49.3% of the variability in nurses’ resilience.

Conclusion

Nurse leaders should be aware of and implement effective and authentic leadership behaviors and apply tailored strategies for fostering nurses’ resilience and self-efficacy to deal with the challenging healthcare environment.
From Submission to Resistance: The Transformation of Dalit Women Bodies
Authors: Talat
Published: November 2023

In his book Discipline and Punish, Michel Foucault has highlighted that the body acts as both the object and the target in a power relationship. The whole purpose of this power is to make sure that the norms of the society remain the same. In a graded society like India, where inequality is apparent because of the prevalent caste system, the idea of power is employed to keep a particular group of people, that is, Dalits, in control and subordination. Even among Dalits, Dalit women are harassed owing to their caste–gender intersection. With no power to exert or execute, Dalit women are the most vulnerable group in Indian society. Their bodies are severely scrutinized, and in a true Foucauldian fashion, they are regulated and accustomed to behaving submissively. They are being objectified by the upper-caste people and are harassed, raped, and violated in their day-to-day lives. The present paper looks at the challenges faced by Dalit women by analysing two works of Bama (2005, Sangati events) and Karukku. Delving into the concept of body, the present paper aims to highlight the objectification of Dalit women’s bodies by the men of upper caste and Dalit men and the subsequent resistance of Dalit women to this idea of objectification. The present article will explore how the Dalit women have changed their docile bodies into resistive bodies.