bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Comparison between Four Methods of Endotracheal Tube Diameter Estimation for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Putra Sendhi Raka , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung , Hartawan I Gusti Agung Gede Utara , Ryalino Christopher , Pradhana Adinda Putra
Published: May 2022

Background:

Successful intubation with the correct endotracheal tube (ETT) size is more difficult to achieve in pediatric patients. Several estimation methods exist, including ultrasonography and several conventional methods, but it is unclear which would be the most accurate method. Thus, this study aimed to compare the accuracy between several ETT diameter estimation methods.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample includes pediatric patients (0–6 years) at a tertiary hospital recruited from January 2022 to March 2022. Primary data evaluated included age, gender, height, weight, actual ETT size used in the procedure, and the estimation of ETT size obtained by four different methods: ultrasonography, little finger diameter, little fingernail width, and age-based formula. Primary analysis was linear regression test between estimated diameter and the actual ETT diameter used in the procedure, controlling for potential confounders. The accuracy of each ETT size estimation method was seen from the values of the B and R2 coefficients from the linear regression test results.

Results:

Ultrasonography was found as the most accurate method, with B and R2 coefficients of 0.963 and 0.991, respectively. Among conventional methods, the diameter of the little finger was the most accurate (B = 0.918, R2 = 0.772). The age-based formula method was found to be the least accurate (B = 0.797, R2 = 0.735).

Conclusion:

Linear regression tests confirmed that the ultrasonography was the estimation method with the highest accuracy. For healthcare facilities with limited resources, the estimation method with little finger diameter should be considered.
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Shukla Ratnakar , Kandikatla Ashwini , Nadkarni Nitin J , Patil Anant
Published: May 2022

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis also known as Churg–Strauss syndrome or allergic granulomatosis and angiitis is an extremely rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis that affects small-to-medium-sized vessels. Here, we report a case of a 58-year-old man presenting with painful swelling of bilateral lower limbs with multiple well-defined erosions on lower legs and dorsum of the foot with a few of them showing brownish crusts and with slight watery discharge and a few with raw areas. The patient is a known case of bronchial asthma. Histopathology of foot and face lesion shows inflammatory cell infiltrate predominantly comprising of eosinophils, small- and medium-sized blood vessels are thickened. P-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity was seen. Thus, on the basis of positive findings which satisfy the criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, we diagnosed this as a case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and for rarity of this case, we would like to report it.
The Friend Turned Foe
Authors: Chezhian Subramanian , Rajput Deepak , Joshua Lokavarapu Manoj , Huda Farhanul
Published: May 2022

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies encountered. Although studies have reported a rise in the number of cases over the past decade in Western countries, appendicitis is comparatively lower in Asian countries, mainly due to the prevailing dietary habits. Acute appendicitis can further complicate as either appendicular abscess or an appendicular lump or culminate into peritonitis following gangrene/rupture. Almost one-third of the patients with appendicitis present to the hospital with a ruptured appendix. Management of complicated appendicitis is complex, and the diagnosis itself becomes tricky when it presents unusually. Here, we describe the management of one such rare manifestation in a middle-aged female who had concomitant gangrenous appendicitis and bilateral pyothorax. This case report emphasizes that abdominal pathology can lead to bilateral intrathoracic collection without any preexisting thoracic pathology.
Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale for Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Choudhary Mahima , Kumar Ashok , Pandey Vandana , Choudhary Vikas , Patidar Natwar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Stress at workplace keep individual at extreme pressure and leads to exhaustion and inability to deal with stressful situation which causes burnout. Continuous stress on workplace causes multiple physical as well as psychological manifestations. Due to more demanding job nurses are more prone to burnout syndrome at workplace. Early assessment and timely interventions to overcome burnout are key for more productive work output. The objective of the present study was to develop Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale (BOSAS) for nurses.

Materials and Methods:

A methodological design was carried out to develop BOSAS in different phases. Modified Delphi technique used for content validity. Reliability was calculated in terms of internal stability and stability of scale. Validity was measured in terms of face, content, criterion, and construct validity.

Results:

There were a total of 20 items in the final draft. Internal consistency was checked by Cronbach’s alpha which was 0.94. Test-retest reliability of scale was found 0.93. Pearson’s correlation was used to check inter-item correlation which was found between 0.20 and 0.40. The content validity index was 0.93. Concurrent criterion validity of scale was 0.82. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis, all items were loaded in 5 factors and accounted for 64.95% of variance.

Conclusion:

BOSAS has good validity and reliability and it can be used to assess and identify burnout among nurses.
Clinical Profile of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Comparing the First and Second Waves
Authors: Chhabra Sandeep , Sethi Suman , Kaur Simran , Singla Monika , Jindal Jyoti , Midha Vandana , Mahajan Rajesh , Bansal Namita , Mohan Bishav
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to a devastating pandemic that hit majority of the countries globally in a wave-like pattern. The characteristics of the disease varied in different geographical areas and different populations. This study highlights the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 during two major waves in North India.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of all COVID-19-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-positive patients, admitted from March 2020 to June 2021, to a tertiary care center in North India, were studied retrospectively.

Results:

During this period, total of 5652 patients were diagnosed having COVID. Patients who were incidentally diagnosed as COVID-positive (n=667) with other unrelated comorbid conditions and patients admitted under level 1 facility (n=1655; 1219 from first and 436 from second wave) were excluded from final analysis. Males were most commonly affected in both waves, with male to female ratio 4:1 in first and 3:1 in second wave. First wave had significantly more people with co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension (P=0.001), whereas younger age group (age <40 years) were significantly more affected in second wave (P= 0.000). Fever was the most common presenting complaint in both waves, followed by cough and breathlessness. Patients during first wave had more severe disease at presentation and high mortality compared to the second wave.

Conclusion:

Majority of the patients with COVID-19 infection presenting to our hospital were young during the second wave. Fever was noted as presenting manifestation. Mortality was low during the second wave as compared to the first wave, likely to be due to proper protocol-based treatment resulting in better outcomes.
Evaluation of Antioxidants in Discrete Regions of Brain after the Transplantation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells in 2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenylethylamine-lesioned Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Ravisankar Periyasamy , Ravishankar Panneerselvam , Prithviraj Elumalai , Ravindran Rajan
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) a neurodegenerative disorder for which no preventive or long term effective treatment strategies are available. Epidemiological studies have failed to identify specific environmental, dietary or lifestyle factors for PD. However oxidative stress in the substantia nigra (SN) and Corpus striatum is the most broadly accepted hypothesis for the etiopathology of PD. Many experiments state the notion that augmentation of neurotrophic factors and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factors, could prevent or halt the progress of neurodegeneration in PD.

Material and Methods:

The present study was designed to assess the motor behaviour with apomorphine injection and level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants after transplantation of Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) cells in 2,4,5 trihydroxyphenylethylamine (6-OHDA) lesioned striatum in rats.

Results:

Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) cells ameliorated 6-OHDA induced changes in rotational behaviour and modulated the antioxidants. 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity by the generation of free radicals was pronounced by indication of increased Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and decrease in antioxidants level. The present result suggest that increased free radicals and the decrease in the antioxidant defence system possibly lead to structural and functional alterations in membrane-related events and play significant role of the 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity. In HAE cells transplanted animals the level of LPO was significantly reduced in striatum (36%) and moderately reduced (20%) in midbrain of the 6-OHDA lesioned animals.

Conclusion:

These alterations were found to be recovered after the HAE cells graft during long term. The 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity by the generation of free radicals was pronounced by indication of the increased LPO level, decrease in antioxidants and alteration in the dopamine and its metabolites.
Calculation of set-up margin in frameless stereotactic radiotherapy accounting for translational and rotational patient positing error
Authors: Manikandan Arjunan , Sarkar Biplab , Munshi Anusheel , Krishnankutty Saneg , Ganesh Tharmarnadar , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan , Manikandan Sujatha , Anirudh Pradhan , Chandrasekharan Surekha
Published: May 2022

Context:

Rotation corrected set-up margins in stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).

Aims:

This study aimed to calculate the rotational positional error corrected set-up margin in frameless SRT.

Settings and Design:

6D setup errors for the steriotactic radiotherapy patients were converted to 3D translational only error mathematically. Setup margins were calculated with and without considering the rotational error and compared.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 79 patients of SRT each received >1 fraction (3–6 fractions) incorporated in this study. Two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired for each session of treatment, before and after the robotic couch-aided patient position correction using a CBCT. The postpositional correction set-up margin was calculated using the van Herk formula. Further, a planning target volume_R (PTV_R) (with rotational correction) and PTV_NR (without rotational correction) were calculated by applying the rotation corrected and uncorrected set-up margins on the gross tumor volumes (GTVs).

Statistical Analysis Used:

General.

Results:

A total of 380 sessions of pre- (190) and post (190) table positional correction CBCT was analyzed. Posttable position correction mean positional error for lateral, longitudinal, and vertical translational and rotational shifts was (x)-0.01 ± 0.05 cm, (y)-0.02 ± 0.05 cm, (z) 0.00 ± 0.05 cm, and (q) 0.04° ± 0.3°, (F) 0.1° ± 0.4°, (Y) 0.0° ± 0.4°, respectively. The GTV volumes show a range of 0.13 cc–39.56 cc, with a mean volume of 6.35 ± 8.65 cc. Rotational correction incorporated postpositional correction set-up margin the in lateral (x), longitudinal (y) and vertical (z) directions were 0.05 cm, 0.12 cm, and 0.1 cm, respectively. PTV_R ranges from 0.27 cc to 44.7 cc, with a mean volume of 7.7 ± 9.8 cc. PTV_NR ranges from 0.32 cc to 46.0 cc, with a mean volume of 8.1 ± 10.1 cc.

Conclusions:

The postcorrection linear set-up margin matches well with the conventional set-up margin of 1 mm. Beyond a GTV radius of 2 cm, the difference between PTV_NR and PTV_R is ≤2.5%, hence not significant.
Research progress in core body temperature measurement during target temperature management
Authors: LIU Guiying , ZHANG Yanyan , TANG Ling
Published: May 2022

Core body temperature (CBT) is increasingly attracting attention as crucial data during target temperature management (TTM). Accurate and continuous measurement of human CBT can effectively identify and monitor central high fever, and provide a basis for the effective implementation during TTM, which is therefore of great significance for human health care and disease monitoring. The reliable core measurement sites are nasopharynx, esophagus, bladder, rectum, pulmonary artery, etc., but the measurement methods in these sites are all invasive. At present, the medical field is more inclined to noninvasive data collection methods through monitoring an appropriate site (such as forehead, mouth, or axilla) depending on clinical circumstances, so as to ensure the comfort and security of patients to the greatest extent. This review will provide reference choosing more safe and accurate temperature measurement methods for patients during TTM by reviewing the sites and accuracy of invasive and noninvasive CBT measurements.
The Effect of Motor Imagery on the Excitability of Spinal Segmentary Reflexes in Restless Legs Syndrome Patients
Authors: Yavlal Figen , Kızıltan Meral Erdemir
Published: May 2022

Context:

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological sleep disorder which causes an overwhelming urge to move the legs. However, this spinal excitability can be decreased through the use some motor movements such as walking or stretching.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of motor imagery (MI) on spinal excitability in relation to the H reflex (HR).

Settings and Design:

In this study, 11 patients diagnosed with RLS (3 males and 8 females, mean age: 41.2) and 14 controls (8 males and 7 females, mean age: 38.4) were tested. HR was studied while participants in the supine position were imagining walking and also while imagining both dorsiflexion (DF) and plantar flexion (PF).

Results:

There was significant decrease in the Hmax/Mmax at 90° DF in both groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.001). There was no significant decrease in the RLS group on imagery; however, there was a significant decrease in the control group with movement imagination compared to the resting state (p = 0.021). There was no significant increase in Hmax/Mmax at 135° PF in both groups on movement and imagery. There was a decrease in the ratio on the imagery of walking in the RLS group (p = 0.038), but the same ratio increased in the control group (p = 0.010).

Conclusion:

As motor movements decrease corticospinal excitability in RLS, the imagery of movement mimicking the actmovement can relieve the symptoms of RLS. As a conclusion, further electrophysiological studies can be useful to gauge the effects of MI on spinal excitability in RLS.
Cholecystectomy reduces the severity of subsequent idiopathic acute pancreatitis
Authors: Lei Jing , Xu Feng , Cao Haiyan , Zhou Zhihang , He Song
Published: May 2022

Background:

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive system disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Although some clinical studies have indicated that cholecystectomy can reduce the risk of recurrent pancreatitis after acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), it is not clear whether cholecystectomy would affect the severity of subsequent AP.

Methods:

In this study, we combined computed tomography scoring index (CTSI), bedside index for severity in AP (BISAP), and clinical manifestations grading of AP with propensity score matching (PSM), after correction for baseline confounding factors, to respectively explore the influence of cholecystectomy on the severity of subsequent pancreatitis in 527 AP patients.

Results:

The results showed that ABP (231/527) is more common in female patients and elderly patients (P < 0.001). Age, amylase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and aspartate aminotransferase levels of patients with ABP at admission were higher than those of non-biliary pancreatitis (296/527), and the levels of albumin, hematocrit, and blood glucose were lower (P < 0.050). Further, compared with the unresected group (458/527), patients after cholecystectomy (69/527) had less white blood cells and higher level of albumin (P < 0.050). Patients had lower clinical manifestation grade (P = 0.019) and CTSI grade (P < 0.008) after cholecystectomy. After PSM correction, there was no difference in biochemical parameters between the cholecystectomy group and the non-cholecystectomy group, but differences in clinical manifestation grade (P = 0.039) and CTSI grade (P = 0.013) remained. We also found that cholecystectomy reduced the frequency of biliary pancreatitis (30.4% vs. 45.9%, P < 0.050). Finally, we found that cholecystectomy could reduce the severity of subsequent idiopathic AP.

Conclusion:

Cholecystectomy could reduce the severity of subsequent idiopathic AP and the frequency of biliary pancreatitis.
Sensory Characteristics and Microbiological Quality Changes of Nile Tilapia Fillet Processed by Various Sous-vide Conditions During Chilled Storage
Authors: Pongsetkul Jaksuma , Benjakul Soottawat , Boonanuntanasarn Surintorn , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat
Published: May 2022

Sensory characteristics and microbiological quality of Nile tilapia cooked with various sous-vide (SV) conditions including 50 and 60°C, for 30, 45 and 60 min (S5-30, S5-45, S5-60, S6-30, S6-45 and S6-60) and their changes during storage (4°C) were investigated, compared with control (cooking with boiling water). The result found that increasing temperature and time of SV accelerated protein degradation, both myofibrillar protein and connective tissue. This affected to the lower water-holding capacity (WHC) and shear force of samples treated with severe SV conditions (S6-45 and S6-60) (P<0.05). SV technique may less contribution to the flavor formation, particularly lipid oxidation products, since there were no differences in total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value among all samples (P>0.05). However, SV cooked samples had higher sensory scores than control, both at day 0 (before storage) or throughout the storage time. This suggested the potential to improve consumer acceptability by this technique. In this study, SV at 60°C, 60 min seem to be the optimal condition for tilapia fillet, which can preserve at 4℃ for at least 6 weeks without any spoilage.
History of Logic in Contemporary China (1949–2021)
Authors: Chen Bo , Vrhovski Jan
Published: May 2022

The second special issue on logic in the Asian Studies journal, this special issue will be one of first such issues focusing on development of research on logic in contemporary China (PRC) published in English in a Western scholarly journal. Moreover, the great majority of the contributions collected in this issue were authored by the leading Chinese researchers in the relevant subfields of logic, from philosophers of logic to established experts in branches of logic such as mathematical logic, inductive logic and so on.
Predictors of utilization of facility-based ante-natal care and delivery services in a Nigerian Rural Community
Authors: Etokidem Aniekan , Agbor Iwasam , Isika Anastasia , Ago Boniface , Mkpanam Nkese
Published: May 2022

Background: With maternal mortality ratio of 2,000/100,000 live births and perinatal mortality rate of 40/1,000 total births, Cross River State is one of the states with the highest maternal and perinatal deaths in Nigeria. One of the causes of these poor health indices is low utilization of facility-based maternal and child healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth. 

Objective: To assess the predictors of utilization of antenatal care and delivery services in Akpabuyo, a rural community in Cross River State of Nigeria.

Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from 370 pregnant women between June and July, 2013 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results: Binary logistic regression showed that compared with women with tertiary education, women with non-formal education were less likely to attend antenatal clinic (AOR=0.510, 95% CI=0.219-1.188) although the difference was not statistically significant. Also, compared with farmers, full-time housewives were less likely to deliver in a health facility (AOR=0.650, 95% CI=0.305-1.389) while civil servants were nearly five times more likely to deliver in the health facility (AOR=4.750, 95%CI=1.616-13.962).

Conclusion: The predictors of antenatal care and facility delivery services utilization identified by the study were educational status and occupation. This raises the need for policies and programmes to ensure girl child education and the economic empowerment of women.

Keywords: Maternal; Perinatal; Mortality; Child healthcare; Antenatal care; Delivery.
Association between physical activity knowledge and attitude on diabetes among normal weight and overweight/obese type-2 diabetic patients: a rural community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Pelluri Ranakishor , Kongara Srikanth , Chimakurthy Jithendra , Rani Nagasubramanian Vanitha
Published: May 2022

Background: Physical activity is one of the most important regimens for the treatment of diabetes. Hence, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity knowledge (PAK), knowledge and attitude on diabetes among rural T2DM patients.

Objectives: The PAK, knowledge and attitude on diabetes were targeted to evaluate in rural Indian T2DM patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out with eighty-four patients with known T2DM in rural population of India.

Results: Among 84 patients, 46 were overweight/obese and 38 patients with normal weight were participated in our study. The odds of smoking were found to be a significant socio-demographic risk factor (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 0.93-20.33 and P<0.001) compared to non-smokers. The PAK categories such as A, B & D had associated with BMI. The OR, 95% CI and P. Value are (5.610, 2.18-14.38 and P<0.001; 1.72, 0.72-4.12 and P 0.030; 2.55, 1.05-6.20 and P 0.047) except in category C. Iilliterates, low annual income, poor knowledge on T2DM and negative attitude, OR (4.50; 12.87; 10.80 and 47.66) were reported disagree or don’t know with PAK questionnaire.

Conclusion: The results have impact on the design of new education programs will assist in preventing and managing complications related to T2DM.

Keywords: Physical activity knowledge; Attitude; Body mass index; Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Ability and willingness to pay for family planning services in low resource settings: evidence from an operational research
Authors: Mbona Tumwesigye Nazarius , Makumbi Fredrick , Mukose Aggrey , Atuyambe Lynn , Namanda Cissie , Ssali Sarah , Tweheyo Ritah , Gidudu Andrew , Sekimpi Carole , Verde Hashim Catherine , Nicholson Martha , Nakigudde Waddimba Ritah , Ddungu Peter
Published: May 2022

Objective: This paper establishes levels and patterns of ability and willingness to pay (AWTP) for contraceptives, and associated factors.

Study design: A three-stage cluster and stratified sampling was applied in selection of enumeration areas, households and individuals in a baseline survey for a 5-year Family planning programme. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regressions are used to establish factors associated with AWTP.

Results: Ability to pay was higher among men (84%) than women (52%). A high proportion of women (96%) and men (82%) were able to pay at least Ug Shs 1000 ($0.27) for FP services while 93% of women and 83% of men who had never used FP services will in future be able to pay for FP services costed at least Shs 2000 ($0.55). The factors independently associated with AWTP were lower age group (<25 years), residence in urban areas, attainment of higher education level, and higher wealth quintiles.

Conclusion: AWTP for FP services varied by different measures. Setting the cost of FP services at Shs 1000 ($0.27) will attract almost all women (96%) and most of men (82%). Key determinants of low AWTP include residence in poor regions, being from rural areas and lack of/low education.

Implications statement: Private providers should institute price discrimination for FP services by region, gender and socio-economic levels. More economic empowerment for disadvantaged populations is needed if the country is to realise higher contraceptive uptake. More support for total market approach for FP services needed.

Keywords: Ability-to-pay; willingness-to-pay; total market approach; market segmentation; family planning.
The burden and types of anaemia among HIV infected, ART-naive injection substance users in Kenya
Authors: Mulaya Khazalwa Emmanuel , Were Tom , Hughes Mulama David , Budambula Valentine
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Illicit substance use and HIV infection cause haematological derangements. Anaemia characterized by a reduction in the quality and quantity erythrocytes is the most common disorder in both HIV-positive persons and illicit substance users.

Objective: To describe anaemia burden, types, and its association with HIV in injectable substance users in Mombasa, Kenya.

Methods: This descriptive case-control study evaluated red cell indices and morphology in 494 adults. The primary outcome was anaemia. The association of anaemia with HIV in injection substance users was determined using the chi-square test.

Results: The participants included 275 injection substance users (ISU), (HIV-positive, n=62 and HIV-negative, n=213); and 219 non-injection substance users (nonISU), (HIV-positive, n=33 and HIV-negative, n=186). Overall, 49% were anaemic with anaemia burden significantly differing across the groups, Χ2(3, N=494) =12.1, p=0.0070. Anaemia burden was higher in HIV-positive ISU compared to HIV-negative ISU (odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85, 2.96); and HIV-positive nonISU compared to HIV-negative nonISU (OR = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.79). Most of the anaemia was dimorphic in both HIV-positive (ISU, 67% and nonISU, 52%) and HIV-negative (ISU, 43% and nonISU, 55%) participants.

Conclusion: Infection with HIV is associated with increased risk of anaemia in injectable and non-injectable substance users. Majority of the anaemia was dimorphic suggestive of multiple aetiologies. Establishing the related aetiologies is essential for the effective treatment of anaemia. The accurate evaluation of thin blood films remains an essential tool in diagnosing an array of haematologic disorders and as a reference for further tests and patient management.

Keywords: Anaemia; HIV/AIDS; substance use.
The EPIYA-ABCC motif of Helicobacter pylori cagA gene and gastric carcinogenesis in Casablanca population
Authors: R Jouimyi Mohamed , Bounder Ghizlane , Boura Hasna , Essaidi Imane , Bendahmane Asmaa , Benomar Hakima , Zerouali Khalid , Lebrazi Halima , Kettani Anass , C Gbonon Valérie , Fatima Maachi
Published: May 2022

Background: H. pylori infection induce atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) that can lead to gastric cancer (GC). The severity of gastric lesions is related to H. pylori genetic diversity. The oncogenic potential of H. pylori cagA virulence factor is linked to its high polymorphic EPIYA motifs.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the association of EPIYA motifs with the risk of AG and IM in Casablanca population.

Methods: A total of 210 patients suffering from gastric lesions (chronic gastritis, AG, and IM) was enrolled. H. pylori infection and the type of lesions were diagnosed by ureC PCR and histological examination, respectively. Detection of the cagA gene, and the type of EPIYA motifs, were carried out by PCR

Results: The prevalence of H. pylori and cagA gene was 95% and 37%, respectively. CagA-positive strains were associated with the risk of IM. The EPIYA motifs detected were: EPIYA-ABC (58%), EPIYA-ABCC (22%), and EPIYA-AB (20%). The EPIYA-ABCC motif was associated with the risk of IM (p-value = 0.007), compared to AG (p-value = 0.28).

Conclusion: The EPIYA-ABCC motif might be a useful marker for the identification of patients at high risk of developing IM that can lead to GC.

Keywords: cagA gene; EPIYA motifs; gastric carcinogenesis.
Molecular detection of pathogenic bacteria in the colonic biopsies from patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: El A Helal Thanaa , E El Abdel Wahab Hoda , M Saber Sally , H Abdelaaty Waleed , M Eltabbakh Mohamed , M Aref Ahmed , H Dawood Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Background/Aim: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease which is common in many areas of the world including Egypt. A lot of controversy regarding the pathogenesis of UC exist. The current study is an attempt to detect some pathogenic bacteria in UC patients.

Materials and methods: Endoscopic colonic biopsies obtained from 40 patients with ulcerative colitis and 20 controls were analyzed by means of real-time PCR technique for the presence of Clostridium difficile, Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) and pathogenic Escherichia Coli (E. coli) which are positive for KPC and/or OXA-48.

Results: All patients and control samples were negative for Clostridium difficile. Three of the 40 patient samples (7.5%) and none of the 20 controls were positive for H. pylori with no significant difference between the two groups. KPC-positive E. coli were detected in 11 of the 40 patients (27.5%) and in none of the controls with a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.01). All patients and control samples were negative for OXA-48 positive E. coli.

Conclusion: Although this study does not support the claim that Clostridium difficile and/or H. pylori have a role in UC, it greatly suggests that pathogenic E. coli may be involved in one way or another in the course of UC.

Keywords: Ulcerative colitis; Colonic biopsies; Clostridium difficile; H. pylori; E. coli.
Reporting of sexual and gender-based violence and associated factors among survivors in Mayuge, Uganda
Authors: Nambi Ssanyu Jacquellyn , Namuhani Noel , Kayemba Nalwadda Christine
Published: May 2022

Background: Reporting of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) allows survivors to access support services to minimize the impact of the violence on their lives. However, research shows that most SGBV survivors do not report.

Objective: We aimed to determine the proportion of survivors of SGBV in Mayuge District, Uganda, who report SGBV and the factors associated with reporting.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we analyzed data of SGBV survivors in eight villages in Mayuge district collected in a baseline survey of a larger experimental study. Data were analysed using Modified Poisson Regression.

Results: Of the 723 participants, 65% were female. Only 31.9% had reported the SGBV experienced. Reporting was 43% lower among survivors aged 45 years and older (p-value = 0.003), and 41% lower among survivors with higher than a primary school education (p-value = 0.005). Likewise, reporting was 37% lower among survivors who relied on financial support from their partners (p-value = 0.001). Female survivors were also 63% more likely to report (p-value = 0.001), while survivors who were separated/widowed were 185% more likely to report than those who were never married (p-value = 0.006).

Conclusion: Reporting of SGBV by survivors in Mayuge was found to below.

Keywords: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence; survivors; Mayuge; Uganda.
Retrospective evaluation of inpatients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Somalia for Pediatric surgery
Authors: Kart Yeliz , Uğur Cüneyt , Mohamed Abdi Abdishakur
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim is to reflect on the epidemiology of the patient population at a tertiary hospital for pediatric surgery, diagnostic pattern, and mortality in Somalia retrospectively.

Methods: In this study, 163 patient who were hospitalized to Pediatric Surgery Clinic of Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital in 2018 were included. Data regarding age, gender, diagnosis, surgical condition, mortality rate and cause of the death were recorded from the patient charts and the institutional digital database

Results: Of 163 patients 47 were female (28.8%) and 116 were male (71.2%). The mean age of the patients was 6.4 ± 4.8 years. The main diagnoses were congenital malformation (34.4%), acute abdomen (25.8%), traumatic injury (23.3%), infection (9.8%) and neoplasm (6.1%). Mortality rate was 9.8% and the leading cause of death was sepsis by 87.5%. Perforated appendicitis, intestinal obstruction and intussusception were creating the 68.7% of the diseases that result in death.

Conclusions: Our results show that two-thirds of the surgical deaths could be prevented with timely presentation. We think that the health policymakers in Somalia should focus on how to improve the access to surgical care, patient transfer, timely presentation, and training of pediatric surgeons and to overcome the poor surgical outcomes.

Keywords: Surgery; children; epidemiology; mortality; Somalia.
Investigation of the Vertical Profile Radio Refractivity Gradient and Effective Earth Radius Factor (k-factor) in Transmission Link Over Oyo, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Sheu Akeem L. , Suleman Kamaldeen O , Adeniji Qasim A
Published: May 2022

Surface radio refractive gradient and k-factor are very imperative in observing propagation conditions, designing and planning of microwave communication links in the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer. The measurement of weather variables (air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and wind speed) were conducted in this study at the School of Science, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo (7.83°N, 3.95°E), Oyo State, Nigeria. The research was carried out for a period of one year (January to December, 2020) using self-designed cost effective portable weather monitoring systems. The systems were sited from the ground to a height of 200 m on a 220 m Nigeria Television Authority (NTA) UHF channel 37 tower at Oke-Apitipiti in Oyo Town of Oyo State. The calculated daily and monthly averages data are employed to investigate the vertical surface radio refractivity and its refractivity gradient. The highest value of -1.093E+26 N-units/km was recorded in January, while the month of July experienced the least of about -9.305E+19 N-units/km. The months of January–July verified sub-refractive conditions with propagation conditions having varying degree of occurrence. On the other hand, super-refraction and ducting were recorded mostly between August–December from the study. The results also find applicability in radio engineering for refining VHF/UHF terrestrial links based on clear-air considerations which will support operational planning of terrestrial radio networks in Oyo, South Western Nigeria

Keywords: Microwave; k-factor; refractivity gradient; sub-refractive; super-refraction
Distribution and Pattern of an Insurance Health Claim System: A Time Series Approach
Authors: Mashasha Maxwell , Mutize Praise , Mazunga Felix
Published: May 2022

There is a continuous increase in health costs, thereby increasing pressure on individuals and consequently making the amounts claimed by the insured to be on the increase. In this study, data was collected from a large local insurance company in Zimbabwe for the period from January 2012 to December 2016. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution and future pattern of insurance health claim system using time series approach. Akaike information criterion and Schwarz Bayesian criterion were used to select the adequate model through maximum likelihood estimation methods.  ARIMA (0, 0, 0) (1, 0, 1) [12] is the model that was chosen to forecast claim amounts. The use of ARIMA models proves to be an excellent instrument for predicting and capturing the cost trend of health claims which can help in decision making to insurance companies.

Keywords:    ARIMA; Box-Jenkins; health insurance; time series.
The Challenging and Transformative Implications of Education for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in South Korea
Authors: Sung Jung Hee , Choi Jee Eun
Published: May 2022

Sustainable development can be considered one of the biggest global challenges of this era, especially in the domain of education. Hence, this paper presents a case study on how the “Tongyoeng Regional Center for Expertise (Tongyoeng RCE)” has contributed to the practice of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and to the reformation of curriculum development process in South Korea. It establishes a cooperative system between formal education and in/non-formal education within an environment of a conservative and exclusive educational system. While focusing on the substantial achievement of Tongyoeng RCE that has transformed the South Korean education system from a “knowledge and grade-centred” Eastern educational regime to a “value and practice centred” one, this study also addresses how the RCE has initiated a “learning society,” that is, decentralized and deregulated educational communities that are more flexible in resolving the unprecedented challenges of globalization. This research emphasizes the implications of education for sustainable development as a challenging and transformative curriculum development process in South Korea.
Yol Kaynaklı Titreşimlerin Taşınan Ürün Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Canlandırılması İçin Bir Test Ekipmanı Konseptinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: DEMİREL Serdar Murat
Published: May 2022

Endüstride, üretilen ürünlerin uygun şekilde ambalajlanması ve taşınması da en az üretimi kadar önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, karayolu taşımacılığında ürünlerin üzerine en çok etkiyen kuvvet olan titreşim kaynaklı kuvvetlerin ürün üzerindeki etkilerinin bilinmesi ürün ve ambalaj tasarımında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu amaçla, sürücü ve yolcu konforu için daha önceden yapılan çalışmaların aksine yol titreşimlerinden kaynaklanan kuvvetlerin ürün üzerindeki etkilerinin gözlemlenmesini sağlayacak, işletmelerde konumlandırılabilir sabit bir test ekipmanı konsepti geliştirilmesi için bu çalışma yapılmıştır. z-ekseni (yer çekimine paralel) doğrultusundaki titreşimleri oluşturabilmek için tamburlu sistem tercih edilmiştir. Bununla beraber, matematiksel olarak elde edilen fonksiyonların CAE metotları ile doğrulaması yapılmıştır.
Sistema de monitoreo de reactores empacados para el tratamiento de aguas residuales con colorantes
Authors: Castro-Bello M. , Valencia-Díaz E.F. , Marmolejo-Vega C.V. , Hernández-Ramírez E. , Morales-Morales C.
Published: May 2022

Este artículo presenta la instrumentación electrónica de un sistema de biofiltración no
convencional, que consta de tres biofiltros aerobios de flujo descendente para controlar el flujo de entrada/salida del agua residual y monitorear las variables de temperatura y color. Los biofiltros son usados en la remoción de colorantes tipo Azo, utilizados principalmente en el teñido de la mezclilla, las cuales debido a sus propiedades es difícil de degradar y son vertidos a las aguas de los ríos. Cada biofiltro se empacó con diferentes materiales, turba y perlita, inoculados con lodos aclimatados, para remover color y materia orgánica. Los resultados logrados consisten en mejorar el procedimiento de recolección y análisis de muestras realizadas en cada uno de los biofiltros, integrando sensores de color TCS230, sensores de temperatura PT100, electroválvulas que controlan el influente suministrado a cada uno de los biofiltros y la interfaz gráfica desarrollada en LabView, encargada de mostrar las mediciones de las variables físicas. La ventaja de un sistema de biofiltración automatizado es contar con mediciones en tiempo real y útil para otros estudios de diferente empacado del biofiltro. En este caso se observó que el biofiltro empacado con mezcla turba perlita presentó mayor remoción de color y materia orgánica.
Analítica de datos para la gestión del conocimiento en la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas
Authors: Pérez Astonitas Roberto
Published: May 2022

La gestión del conocimiento constituye el nuevo paradigma en el campo de la gestión administrativa. El propósito de la investigación fue identificar los procesos, áreas y funcionamiento de la analítica de datos en el fortalecimiento de la gestión del conocimiento en la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Este estudio fue de tipo básico y un diseño descriptivo no experimental, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Asimismo, se empleó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple de 66 personas: miembros de la alta dirección, decanos de facultades, directores de escuela, directores de departamento, y administrativos jefes de área. Entre los resultados se identificó que los procesos de analítica fortalecen la gestión del conocimiento, donde el 72% está totalmente de acuerdo y el 33% de acuerdo. Se concluye que la analítica de datos contribuye con el fortalecimiento de forma óptima de la gestión del conocimiento.
El rol intercultural de la modelación matemática durante la educación no presencial universitaria
Authors: Estela Urbina Ronald Omar , Carrasco Vega Yajaira Lizeth , Carril Verastegui Benjamín David , Fernández Villarroel Roger Álvaro , Carcausto Quispe Carlos , Guzmán Cáceres Giovana
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en proponer una estrategia didáctica que logre la interacción cultural entre estudiantes y docentes, fundamentada en el proceso de la modelación matemática, cuya temática para modelar sean las actividades propias de los estudiantes en su localidad o comunidad amazónica. Respecto a la metodología, se realizó una investigación cualitativa tomando como referencia investigaciones con cierta similitud en el campo educativo; así también se realizó una revisión documental por parte del docente y los estudiantes matriculados en el curso de Métodos numéricos; la temática considerada fue modelación matemática e interculturalidad, seleccionando publicaciones científicas de los años 2019, 2020 y 2021. Todas estas actividades se realizaron durante los estudios no presenciales debido al distanciamiento social obligatorio. Se obtuvo como resultado, exposiciones audiovisuales por parte de los estudiantes en los que socializaban las distintas actividades comerciales ligadas a su cultura; así también se evidenció la sistematización de las mediciones realizadas a las distintas variables asociadas a su modelo. También, el proceso de modelación matemática permitió la interacción cultural entre los estudiantes y docentes, es decir, al argumentar las actividades en los distintos contextos donde se ubican los estudiantes, sus pares aprenden con respeto y tolerancia, evidenciada en las distintas sesiones virtuales.
The Effect of Women’s Mode of Delıvery and Anxiety on Early Mother-Infant Interactıon: A Study from Turkey
Authors: ARASAN Ayse , CAMBAZ ULAŞ Seval
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of women’s mode of delivery and anxiety on early mother-infant interaction.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consisted of pregnant women who applied to the delivery room of a state hospital between September 2015 and August 2016 (n:324). Sociodemographic form, state anxiety scale and mother-infant interaction form were used in the study.

Results: It was determined that 54.9% of the mothers gave birth normally, 48.1% had high anxiety and the mean score of the state anxiety scale was 41.73±6.79. The mother-infant interaction scale first contact mean score was 8.39 ± 1.92, while the second day contact score was 8.94 ± 1.67. In addition, it was determined that 28.1% of mothers in the mother-infant interaction needed midwife/nurse support at the first contact and 19.8% at the second day of contact. A statistically significant difference was found between mode of delivery and mother-baby first contact scores (p0.05). A significant negative correlation at a medium level was determined between the mothers’ anxiety score and their scores on the mother-baby interaction scale for first contact and second day contact (p
Líneas (hetero)didácticas para una Educación Corporal Hedonista ((Hetero)didactic lines for a Hedonist Corporal Education)
Authors: Gallo Luz Elena , Uribe Iván Darío , Castañeda Gloria María
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es saber cómo se hace presente el hedonismo en el aula universitaria. Esta es una investigación educativa con enfoque rizomático que amplía e intensifica la experiencia de enseñar y aprender con placer, goce, lúdica. La experiencia educativa revela un plano de composición (hetero)didáctica para una Educación Corporal Hedonista. Entre los placeres que se encuentran en el aula está la curiosidad, el asombro, la sorpresa, lo imprevisto, las variaciones, la fantasía, la novedad y la aventura. Estas son aulas que adquieren como rasgo intensivo la fuerza vital o experiencias de modo vitalista cuyos acontecimientos educativos aumentan la vida, la potencian, la intensifican y la vitalizan.
Abstract. The aim of this study is to know how hedonism is present in university classrooms. It is educational research with a rhizomatic approach that broadens and intensifies the experience of teaching and learning with pleasure, enjoyment, and ludic. Educational experience reveals a plan of (hetero)didactic composition for a Hedonist Corporal Education. Among the pleasures found in the classrooms are curiosity, amazement, surprise, the unexpected, variations, fantasy, novelty, and adventure. These are classrooms that acquire as an intensive feature the vital force or vitalist experiences whose educational events increase life, enhance it, intensify it, and vitalize it.