bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population-Specific Predictors of Immunologic Reconstitution Following Initiation of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Children: A Retrospective Observational Study from a 15-year Cohort of HIV-Positive Children and Adolescents in Eritrea
Authors: Ghebremeskel Ghirmay Ghebrekidan , mengistu Samuel tekle , tsegai misgana teklehaimanot , Mehretab Awet Ghebreberhan , Kidane Henok Afewerki , Abraham Yonas Tesfagabr , Habte Robel Afeworki , Teklemariam Habtemichael Mulugeta
Published: June 2024

Background
Despite the increased use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) to suppress the HIV viral load and increase the CD4 + T-cell counts, there are disparities in response to cART. This study explores population-sensitive, demographic, and clinical factors affecting short-term immunologic reconstitution following initiation of cART in HIV-infected children.
Methodology:
A retrospective study of children followed in Orotta National Pediatric Referral Hospital from 2005–2020 was conducted. Two separate analyses were performed, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the risk factors associated with inadequate IR at 6- and 12-months following cART initiation.
Results
From the initial cohort of 822 patients [53.4% were males, cohort median age at cART initiation was 78 (IQR: 48–101) months and median absolute CD4 count 270 (151–441) cells/µL]. We analyzed 456 and 495 children with complete data at 6 and 12 months of follow-up periods, respectively. Following 6 months on cART, Immunologic reconstitution was achieved in 87.8% (95% CI: 84.3–91.2) and increased to 90.4% (95% CI: 87.3–93.5) after 12 months of treatment. Independent predictors of inadequate IR after 6 months of cART were higher baseline absolute CD4 counts (aOR = 1.003, (95% CI: 1.002–1.005); p-value < 0.001) and NNNRTI (EFV: aOR = 3.9, (95% CI: 1.3–11.9); p-value = 0.01). Meanwhile, Gender (females: aOR = 0.3, (95% CI: 0.1–0.9, p-value = 0.03) and higher baseline absolute CD4 counts (aOR = 1.003, (95% CI: 1.002–1.005); p-value < 0.001) were independent risk factors of inadequate IR after 12 months of treatment.
Conclusion
Lower baseline absolute CD4 count was independently associated with the IR following treatment with cART. However, Children initiated on EFV and males exhibited higher odds of inadequate IR after 6 and 12 months on cART, respectively. Identifying population-specific risk factors and gender-targeted intervention tools has promising potential to design effective therapeutic strategies that will enhance the reconstitution of CD4 T-cells and have a beneficial impact on sub-Saharan HIV-infected children receiving cART in sub-optimal and resource-constrained settings.
Water Quality Assessment and Health Implications: A Study of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Ma’aruf Abdulmumin , Sulaiman Mustapha , Usman Habib Muhammad , Panda Saifullahi Lawan
Published: June 2024

This study presents a water quality analysis aiming to understand their relationship with prevalent health concerns reported in Kano metropolis. The study collected ten water samples from eight distinct areas within Kano State, Nigeria. PH levels ranged from 6.50 to 7.20, falling within the permissible range recommended by the WHO. The highest turbidity was 51.66NTU. Hardness ranged from 158.6 to 297.7 mg/L, falling within the limit. Alkalinity levels surpassed the standard in most areas, while TDS fell below the standard. Cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.04 mg/L to 0.162 mg/L, with both values exceeding the WHO limit. Nickel levels ranged from 0.369 mg/L to 1.288 mg/L, surpassing the WHO recommendation of 0.2 mg/L. Lead concentrations reached alarming levels, exceeding the recommended value of 1.00 mg/L, with Municipal and Fagge recording concentrations of 3.7882 mg/L and 3.5627 mg/L respectively. Chromium concentrations varied froGm 0.82 mg/L to 4.4 mg/L, all surpassing the WHO limit. In Tarauni Arsenic concentration was 0.01 mg/L aligning with the standard, however, in other areas, it surpassed. Iron concentrations ranged from 0.2 mg/L to 1.31 mg/L. Zinc concentrations exceeded WHO limits in all areas, ranging from 3.08 mg/L in Ungogo to 4.4 mg/L in Fagge. Finally, the study suggest that the emerging health hazards in Kano State, including gastrointestinal illnesses, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases is associated with poor water quality.
Owen and Marx: the spiritual fathers of social cooperation
Authors: Андерсон К.М.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена процессу формирования социальной кооперации в Великобритании в XIX веке и как этот процесс был отражен в работах Р. Оуэна и К. Маркса. Особенностью английских кооператоров было понимание процесса преобразования сугубо экономическим, а не политическим, а символом были Рабочие базары и потребительские товарищества. Отличительной чертой оуэновских организаций и организаций его учеников является так же то, что понятие «кооперация» заменяется на «социализм», что отразилось и на их сути. Маркс же делает упор именно на первом термине. Развитие кооперации Маркс обуславливает закономерными социально-экономическими факторами. Особенность подхода Маркса и Энгельса к проблемам кооперации заключается в том, что они рассматривают кооперативные предприятия не только как хозяйственные объединения рабочих, но прежде всего как социальные институты, отражающие черты новой исторической формы кооперации.

The article is devoted to the process of formation of social cooperation in Great Britain in the XIX century and how this process was reflected in the works of R. Owen and K. Marx. The peculiarity of the English cooperators was the understanding of the transformation process purely economic, not political, and the symbol was Workers' bazaars and consumer partnerships. A distinctive feature of Owen's organizations and the organizations of his followers is also that the concept of "cooperation" is replaced by "socialism", which is reflected in their work. Marx, on the other hand, focuses precisely on the first term. Marx determines the development of cooperation by natural socio-economic factors. The peculiarity of Marx and Engels' approach to the problem of cooperation lies in the fact that they consider cooperative enterprises not only as economic associations of workers, but primarily as social institutions reflecting the features of a new historical form of cooperation.
Feminist Ideas of the Russian Historian and Sociologist S.N. Yuzhakov
Authors: Батуренко С.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматриваются феминистские идеи русского публициста, историка и социолога субъективного направления Сергея Николаевича Южакова. С.Н. Южаков был одним из первых социологов, поставивших в XIX в. вопрос о положении и роли женщины в обществе. В творчестве Южакова этот вопрос оказался неразрывно связан с основной проблематикой его работы – учении о методе познания общества, концепции прогресса и практического реформирования политической сферы.

The article examines the feminist ideas of the Russian publicist, historian, and sociologist of the subjective direction Sergey Nikolaevich Yuzhakov. S.N. Yuzhakov was one of the first sociologists who raised the question of the position and role of women in society in the XIX century. In Yuzhakov's work, this issue turned out to be inextricably linked with the main problem on which he worked – the doctrine of the method of cognition of society, the concept of progress and practical reform of the political sphere.
Pontifex, but not Maximus: from Pagan Pontiffs to Christian Bishops
Authors: Конюхов В.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматриваются условия и факторы переноса титула pontifex с представителей римского языческого жречества на христианских епископов позднеантичного латинского Запада. Даётся краткий очерк расширения исследовательской перспективы: показано, как поставленная проблема постепенно уходит из контекста истории формирования учения о папском примате. Пересматривая идеи И. Каянто и Ф. Ван Хеперен, автор постулирует в качестве основных функциональный и структурно-функциональный факторы; возможным остаётся фактор рангово-иерархического сходства. Выдвигается гипотеза о том, что указанный перенос произошёл не в городе Риме, а в провинциях Северной Африки в 1-й пол. III в., причём именно понтифики местных колоний и муниципиев «передали» свой титул христианским епископам.

The paper examines the conditions and factors for the transfer of the title pontifex from representatives of the Roman pagan priesthood to Christian bishops of the late antique Latin West. A brief outline of the expansion of the research perspective is given: it is shown how the problem posed gradually leaves the context of the history of the formation of the doctrine of papal primacy. The author, reconsidering the ideas of I. Kajanto and F. Van Haeperen, postulates functional and structural-functional factors as the main ones; the factor of rank-hierarchical similarity remains possible. A hypothesis is put forward that this transfer occurred not in the city of Rome itself, but in the provinces of North Africa in the first half of the third century, and it was the pontiffs of local colonies and municipia that “transferred” their title to Christian bishops.
Gender Ideology of the Puritans in the Thomas Gataker’s Sermon to newlyweds: the Case of Lady Brilliana Harley
Authors: Созинова К.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается как пуританские проповеди новобрачным сформировали особый гендерный дискурс, позволявший женщинам не только принимать активное участие в жизни благочестивой общины верующих, но и брать на себя подчас мужские обязанности, связанные с управлением поместьем и его обороной. Ярким примером этого служит случай леди Бриллианы Харли, бракосочетанию которой была посвящена одна из трех известных брачных проповедей Томаса Гатейкера «Совершенная жена» (1623). Будучи женой парламентария сэра Роберта Харли, Бриллиана управляла делами своего родового поместья, в то время как ее муж заседал в парламенте до и во время Гражданской войны. Она организовала оборону замка во время его осады роялистами летом 1643 г. Богатое эпистолярное наследие Бриллианы Харли позволяет проанализировать насколько пуританская гендерная идеология, заложенная в проповеди Гатейкера, повлияла на ее выбор жизненных стратегий.

This article examines how Puritan sermons to newlyweds formed a special gender discoursethat allowed women not only to take an active part in the life of a godly community, but alsoto take male responsibilities related to the management and defense of the estate. A striking example of this isthe case of Lady Brilliana Harley, whose marriage was the subject of one of Thomas Gutaker's three famous marriage sermons,“A Wife in Deed” (1623). As thewife of Parliamentarian Sir Robert Harley, Brilliana managed the affairs of her ancestral estate, Brampton Brian Castle, while her husband sat in Parliament before and during the Civil War. She organized the defenseof the castle during its siege bythe Royalists in the summer of 1643. Brilliana Harley's rich epistolary heritage allows us to analyze how the puritan gender ideology embedded in Gataker's sermon influenced her choice of life strategies.
"Gross is lost": on the Brunswick Diplomat Who in 1741 Stayed Behind in Russia
Authors: Плате А.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена Христиану Фридриху Гроссу (1696?–1742), ученому, частному секретарю графа А.И. Остермана, а также члену брауншвейгской дипломатической миссии при Санкт-Петербургском дворе. Из всех лиц, обвиненных в измене после дворцового переворота 25 ноября 1741 г., легационсрат – единственный, кто поплатился тогда жизнью. В день Нового 1742 года, не выдержав условий домашнего ареста и допросов, он застрелился в остермановской квартире, где жил с 1727 г. Пространственная близость и тесное общение с влиятельным чиновником аннинского правления (1730‑1740) сделали профессора моральной философии, уволившегося из Академии наук ради службы в дипломатической миссии брауншвейгских герцогов, в глазах историков носителем государственной тайны. Поэтому предполагалось най-ти в его переписке ключ к небесспорным планам вице-канцлера по урегулированию вопроса престолонаследия в России. Однако работа с оригиналами документов, хранящихся в Государственном архиве земли Нижняя Саксония, выявила, что очевидное не всегда соответствует действительности. В письмах легационсрата события, предшествовавшие перевороту в ноябре 1741 г., практически не находят отражения. Гросс не оказался тем «человеком, который слишком много знал», а был лишь тем, кто слишком задержался. Возможных мотивов, заставивших его остаться в России, было несколько, как политических, так и личных. О них будет идти речь в статье.

This article is dedicated to Christian Friedrich Gross (1696?‑1742), a scholar, private secretary to count A.I. Osterman and member of the Brunswick diplomatic mission at the Russian court. Of all persons accused of treason after the palace coup of 25 November 1741, the counsellor of legation was the only one who actually paid with his life. On New Year's Day 1742, unable to endure the ordeal of interrogations, he shot himself in Osterman's house, where he had lived since 1727. Due to close communication with this influential official in the reign of Anna Ioannovna (1730‑1740) the former professor who resigned from the Academy of Sciences in order to join the Brunswick diplomatic mission was considered a carrier of confidential knowledge. Subsequently historians assumed to find in his correspondence key information to the Vice Chancellor’s controversial plans concerning the regulation of the succession to the Russian throne. However, thorough analysis of the original documents, kept at the State Archive of Lower Saxony, revealed that the obvious does not necessarily match reality. Gross` letters practically do not mention the turbulent events at the eve of the coup d`etat of November 1741. Against expectations, Gross occurred not to be the „Man who knew too much”, but merely the one who remained behind. Possibly, against his will, for various reasons and motives. The latter ones will be discussed in this article.
Bishop Mikhail Semyonov and the Old Believers
Authors: Свиридонова А.И.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме определения Освященным Собором старообрядческой Церкви степени соответствия православному вероучению религиозно-философских взглядов епископа Михаила Семенова, чьи идеи казались слишком революционными для современников, а негативный образ, созданный недоброжелателями, дополняло еврейское происхождение. Гонимый в синодальной Церкви, отец Михаил перешел в старообрядчество, видя демократический и социалистический потенциал этой конфессии. Однако литературные приёмы, с помощью которых Михаил передавал свои убеждения, были слишком современны для части чад старообрядческой Церкви.

The article is devoted to the religious and philosophical views of the Old Believer bishop Mikhail Semenov and their perception in society. Semenov's ideas seemed too revolutionary for his contemporaries, and the negative image created by detractors was complemented by Jewish origin. Persecuted in the Synodal Church, Father Michael converted to the Old Believers, seeing the democratic and socialist potential of this denomination. However, the literary techniques by which Mikhail conveyed his beliefs were too modern for some of the children of the Old Believer Church.
The concept of affect in gender studies
Authors: Федор В.Н.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена анализу «Компаньона исследований гендера и аффекта» (2023), опубликованного издательством «Раутледж» под редакцией Т. Ризера. Понятие аффекта используется здесь для объяснения причин трех взаимосвязанных процессов: усиления правых популистов в современном мире, активной трансформации неолиберальной гегемонии и неудач усилий левых интеллектуалов, до сих пор преобладающих в англо-американских университетах. Оно маркирует изменения публичной сферы, все более зависимой от эмоциональных и неотрефлексированных установок, определяющих суждения разных социальных групп. К сожалению, понятие аффекта лишь фиксирует проблемы роста ресентимента, насилия и избегания социальной рефлексии над причинами неустойчивости современной социально-политической системы, но не предлагает внятных механизмов изменения существующего положения дел или возможных альтернативных режимов сложившейся гегемонии.

The article analyzes «The Routledge Companion to Gender and Affect» (2023), edited by Todd Reeser. The concept of affect is used here to explain the rise of right-wing populists in contemporary world, the active transformation of neoliberal hegemony, and the failure of leftist intellectuals that still dominate Anglo-American universities. It captures the changes in the modern public sphere, which is increasingly dependent on emotional and unreflected attitudes that determine the judgments of ever wider social groups. Unfortunately, the concept of affect only captures the problems of growing resentment, violence and avoidance of social reflection on the reasons for contemporary instability, but does not offer clear mechanisms for changing the existing state of affairs.
Power and Intellectuals in the Space of History
Authors: Болдин В.А. , Атлагич С. , Карипов Б.Н.
Published: June 2024

Статья-рецензия посвящена выходу в свет коллективной монографии «Интеллектуалы и власть в конфликтах переломных эпох» (М., 2023), опубликованной в издательстве «Аквилон» в серии «Образы истории» под редакцией Л.П. Репиной. Новая монография продолжает цикл размышлений ее авторов, представителей различных научных школ, над широким проблемным полем современной исторической науки. В статье показано, как взяв за основу методологию интеллектуальной истории, члены авторского коллектива пытаются осветить специфику взаимоотношений интеллектуалов и власти в исторической ретроспективе, разрабатывая важнейшие аспекты темы, в разные периоды и на разных уровнях, как на материале истории России, так и отдельных стран Европы. В заключении делается вывод о многогранности проблемы изучения взаимоотношений «интеллектуалов и власти» и обозначаются дальнейшие перспективы ее разработки в разнообразных контекстах времени и места. Ведь вопросы о характере симбиоза интеллектуалов и политиков, о роли интеллектуалов в производстве и популяризации тех или иных идей, как и вопросы об «отмены» тех интеллектуалов, которые не согласны быть частью господствующего нарратива, имеют в данный момент исключительную важность.

The review article discusses the monograph "Intellectuals and Power in the Conflicts of Historical Turning Epochs " (published by Aquilo Publishing House as part of the "Images of History" series, edited by Dr. Lorina Repina, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences) that was released in Moscow in 2023. This new monograph brings together scholars from different academic backgrounds. It continues the author's exploration of a wide range of topics in modern historical research. The article demonstrates how the author's team seeks to highlight specific aspects of the relationship between intellectuals and power in historical context through the prism of intellectual history. It focuses on significant aspects of this subject, drawing on the historical backdrop of Russia and European countries throughout different historical periods and at various levels of analysis. In conclusion, the importance of studying the relationship between intellectuals and power is emphasized. It is crucial to understand the role of intellectuals in generating ideas, as well as the treatment to "cancelled" intellectuals who disagree with the dominant narrative.
Junius’ Letter to the King on the Question of Free Speech in Britain in the 1760s – 1770s
Authors: Смоленцева Т.С.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена публицистической деятельности известного британского анонимного автора Юниуса, написавшего на рубеже 60–70-х гг. XVIII в. 61 открытое письмо в адрес правительства. Письма публиковались в популярном периодическом издании «The Public Advertiser» с 1768 по 1772 гг. и представляли собой развернутую критику проводимой политики в Шотландии, Ирландии и Английских североамериканских колониях. Особое место в письмах занимал казус Уилкса, радикального журналиста, подвергнутого гонениям за критику короля в прессе. В этом казусе Юниус, не испытывавший к Уилксу никаких симпатий, видел притеснение «естественных прав» народа Британии. В данной статье представлен перевод с комментариями тридцать пятого письма Юниуса (XXXV), адресованного королю Георгу III. Прямое обращение к королю, с точки зрения Юниуса, было последним аргументом в его борьбе с коррумпированным и презревшем букву английской конституции правительством герцога Графтона. Автор статьи приходит к выводу, что письмо от 19 декабря 1769 г. являлось кульминационными в карьере Юниуса и оказало существенное влияние на дальнейшие политические события.

The article is devoted to the journalistic activity of the famous British anonymous author Junius, who wrote sixty-one open letters to the government at the turn of the 60-70s of the XVIII century. The letters were published in the popular journal “The Public Advertiser” from 1768 to 1772 and were a detailed criticism of the policy pursued in Scotland, Ireland, and the English North American colonies. A special place in the letters was occupied by the incident of radical journalist J. Wilkes, who was persecuted for criticizing the king in the press. In this incident, Junius, who had no sympathy for Wilkes, saw the oppression of the “natural rights” of the people of Britain. This article presents a translation with comments of the thirty-fifth letter of Junius (XXXV) addressed to King George III. A direct appeal to the king, from the point of view of Junius, was the last argument in his fight against the corrupt and despised the letter of the English constitution by the government of the Duke of Grafton. The author of the article concludes that the letter dated December 19, 1769, was the culmination in Junius' career and had a significant impact on further political events.
The Universe in Science and Literature (On the materials of the Round Table)
Authors: Петрова М.С.
Published: June 2024

В статье анализируются доклады, прочитанные и обсужденные 25 мая 2024 г. в Институте междисциплинарных исследований науки и образования (Москва) на Круглом столе «Картины мира в историческом контексте».

The author analyses the papers presented and discussed at the “Pictures of the World in a Historical Context” round table, which took place on May 25, 2024 at the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education in Moscow.
The New Testamentary Topoi in the Hussite Fundamentalism
Authors: Наумов Н.Н.
Published: June 2024

В фокусе статьи – отношение чешских утраквистов (гуситов) к Новому Завету, усвоение ими его топики и её практическое применение при выработке собственной идентичности в 1419–1421 гг. Установлено, что в общегуситскую идентичность, за-фиксированную в грамоте Чаславского сейма от 7 июня 1421 г. («те, кто льнут к Божьему Закону»), была имплементирована аффилиация к Евангелию: ядром гуситской идеологии была доктрина утраквизма, которую гуситы аргументировали словами Христа о всеобщем Причастии Чашей, зафиксированными в Евангелии (Мф. 26:27). Тем не менее, в репрезентации и самовосприятии отдельных гуситских группировок роль Нового Завета и его составных частей заметно разнилась. Будучи радикальными фундаменталистами, табориты в 1420 г. отвергли авторитет любых норм человечес-кого происхождения, в т.ч. апостольских Посланий; с другой стороны, именно Евангелие было положено ими в основу собственной идентичности (табориты, досл. «фаворцы», т.е. свидетели Преображения) и доктрины войны не за себя самих, но за Бога и Его Закон. В свою очередь, самовосприятие пражских гуситов базировалось на актуализации ветхозаветных образов, дополненных топикой 12-й главы Откровения (Прага = Иерусалим, пражане = возлюбленные «Божьи люди», потомство Божьей супруги, с которым ведёт войну апокалиптический дракон). Из Евангелия и Посланий пражане черпали лишь то, что никак не противоречило ветхозаветной модели религиозного милитаризма (противостояния праведных грешным). Это объяснимо тем, что им – жаждущим того, чтобы Прага, которую они считали «перворождённой и остальных превосходящей дочерью» Чешской короны, заняла подобающее место в политической иерархии Чешского королевства – оставался чужд идеал новозаветной самоотверженности, воплощавшийся таборитами.

The paper is focused on the attitude of the Bohemian Utraquists (Hussites) towards the New Testament and its parts. While the basic identity common to all Hussites (“those who incline to the Law of God”) included an affiliation to Gospel as the sacred text the utraquism is found on (Matthew 26:27), the role of the NT differed as far as the fundamentalistic identity building of single Hussite communities was concerned. The identity of brethern and witnesses of Transfiguration that was common to the Táborites, was based on the Gospel, as well as their self-sacrificing model of the Hussite militarism. In turn, the Prague Hussites identified their town with Jerusalem and themselves with the righteous people who fight for themselves against the sinners and ask God for help: this model of the Hussite militarism is based mainly on the Old Testament supplemented by the Book of Revelation.
«The Simplicity of Christian Life» and the Renewal of the Church in the Sermons of Girolamo Savonarola on the Book of Ruth
Authors: Тельменко Е.П.
Published: June 2024

В мае 1496 г., развивая тему обновления Церкви, Джироламо Савонарола обратился к толкованию ветхозаветной Книги Руфи. Согласно монаху, преображение единого мистического тела Церкви состоится, если каждый христианин направится к Богу, избавившись от «теплохладности» и возродив духовный жар и рвение в делах веры. Доминиканец провозглашает «простоту» – отсутствие двойственности в мыслях и делах, способность прочувствовать божественные истины и сделать их сутью своей жизни, концептуальной основой реформы; а ее главными действующими лицами объявляет оставшихся в Церкви «равнодушных» «простецов» (обычных мужчин, женщин и детей). Все это может свидетельствовать о нацеленности Савонаролы на проведение преобразований снизу. Однако анализ проповедей указывает если не на двойственность, то на сдержанность флорентийского реформатора в этом вопросе: призывая духовенство к обновлению, он заявлял, что установленный Богом «порядок» предполагает изменения, идущие от «вышестоящих» к подчиненным. В итоге проповеди Савонаролы на Руфь обнаруживают как стремление придать реформе всеобщий характер за счет поощрения действий простых верующих в вопросах индивидуального благочестия, так и желание удержать их от спонтанной радикализации, выхода за рамки ортодоксального учения и лона официальной Церкви.

In May 1496 Girolamo Savonarola, continuing to develop the theme of the Church renewal, turned to the interpretation of the Old Testament Book of Ruth in his sermons. According to the monk, the transformation of the united mystical body of the Church can take place if every Christian turns to God, getting rid of «indifference (lukewarmness)» and reviving spiritual fervor and zeal in the matters of faith. The Dominican proclaims «simplicity» – the absence of duality in thoughts and deeds as well as the ability to experience divine truths and make them the essence of one’s existence, the conceptual basis of the reform. He declares the main actors of the reform the «indifferent» «simpletons» (ordinary men, women and children) remaining in the Church. All this may indicate Savonarola's focus on bringing about changes from below. However, the analysis of the sermons indicates, if not the duality, then the moderation of the Florentine reformer in this matter: calling on the clergy for their own renewal, he declared that the «order» established by God presupposes changes coming from the «superiors» to the subordinates. To summarize, Savonarola's sermons on the Book of Ruth reveal both a desire to give the reform a universal character by encouraging the actions of ordinary believers in the matters of individual piety as well as a desire to keep them from both spontaneous radicalization and going beyond the orthodox doctrine and the bosom of the official Church.
SHEIKH IBRAHIM MUSA PARABEK’S THOUGHTS ON TASHYID AND TAWASSUL IN HIDĀYAH AL-ṢIBYĀN
Authors: Azhari Nadyya Rahma
Published: June 2024

The global reform of Islamic thought had impact of dividing the Minangkabau ulamas (Muslim scholars) into both “kaum tuo” as a traditionalist and “kaum mudo” as a modernist. Even today, the history of Minangkabau ulamas cannot be separated from this category. Ibrahim Musa is one of the ulamas who had unique position because of his affiliation to some groups. He also was recognized as “kaum mudo” due to his involvement in their movement. At the same time, other historical records showed his engagement with “kaum tuo.” His ambiguities in siding among Minangkabau ulamas are worth-investigating. This article seeks to analyze Ibrahim Musa’s thoughts based on his kitab, Hidāyah al-Ṣibyān. It argues that Ibrahim Musa did not clearly state his stance, except providing two views. Further, he was trying to explain their interpretations which proved that in the history of Islam in Minangkabau there are ulamas who cannot simply categorized as traditionalist or modernist due to the complexity of their thoughts of Islam. In this respect, the study of non-mainstream ulama figures like Ibrahim Musa is scholarly pivotal to construct the historiography of Minangkabau ulama as a whole.
Groundmass pyroxene crystal habits (trachts) record syneruptive magma dynamics in glassy pyroclasts
Authors: Okumura Shota H. , Okumura Satoshi , Miyake Akira
Published: June 2024

Explosive eruptions produce various types of pyroclasts including those contain few with groundmass crystals. The textural variation such as the number density, size, and volume of groundmass crystals is expected to reveal the complex magma dynamics during syneruptive ascent in conduits; however, we have no quantitative method to investigate the magma dynamics based on crystal texture when the pyroclasts show glassy texture with a small number of microlites. Here we show that the variation of combination of crystallographic faces (i.e., tracht) of groundmass pyroxene crystals enables us to derive the degree of effective undercooling (ΔTeff) and magma ascent histories even from the glassy pyroclasts. We conducted decompression experiments and analyzed trachts of groundmass pyroxene crystals in the run products in addition to those in natural pumices from the 1914 Plinian eruption of Sakurajima volcano. These results show that the glassy white pumices experienced higher ΔTeff than the crystal-rich gray pumice, and corroborated that they originate from the magmas at different positions from the conduit walls. The estimate on ΔTeff implies that the magma rapidly ascended in the center of the conduit might experience cooling because of volatile exsolution and expansion.
The Role of Islamic Work Ethics in Moderating Influence Love of Money and Machiavellian Nature to Fraud Accounting in Management of Village Funds
Authors: Parawansa Khofifah Indar , Winarto Wahid Wachyu Adi
Published: June 2024

The number of fraud cases in Indonesia has been increasing annually, and it has started to spread to the countryside. This turns into an irony as the hamlet continues to grow and evolve into a sophisticated community. The goal is to investigate how a love of money and other Machiavellian traits affect the tendency for fraud accounting when using village funds, as well as how the Islamic work ethic influences the interaction between the village apparatus and the community in Wonokerto District. The SEM-PLS technique is being used in this quantitative study. Primary data were employed, and 66 persons made up the sample size through the use of purposive sampling procedures in conjunction with the questionnaire method of data collecting. According to the findings, the inclination of accounting fraud was significantly influenced by both love of money and Machiavellian tendencies, and the Islamic work ethic was found to be ineffective in mitigating this effect.
Analysis of Factors and Fraud Preventive Efforts in Company Financial Reports: A Literature Review Study
Authors: Putri Mega Amalia , Oktaviani Nurul , Sulistiya Eulis , Muthmainnah Sinta Shofiyatul
Published: June 2024

The research in this article aims to identify and provide an overview of the factors that cause fraud and explain efforts to prevent fraud in company financial reports. The results of the research show that there are seven factors that cause fraud in company financial reports, namely greed, opportunity, need, exposure, unshareable pressure/incentive, rationalization, and capacity. Apart from that, it turns out that digital technology has a negative impact in creating the potential to cause fraud in company financial reports. The preventive efforts that can be taken to prevent fraud in company financial reports are through improving risk management, internal control, and the use of digital forensic concepts which are expected to provide input for company management to avoid fraud in company financial reports from an early age. Apart from that, for future academics and researchers, it is hoped that this research can become a reference source for developing knowledge related to fraud.
Evaluating the Impact of Digital Transformation and Sustainability Strategies on Earnings Management: A Text Mining Approach
Authors: Wibowo Agung Septia , Istianah Iis , Sari Nia Pramita , Septiari Dovi
Published: June 2024

Digital transformation has the potential to fundamentally change companies and create value. This study examines the impact of digital transformation and sustainability strategies on the earnings quality of Indonesian listed companies on three sectors: infrastructures, transportation and logistics, and consumer non-cyclicals. Using text mining techniques to measure intensity of digital transformation and sustainability strategies, we found that sustainability strategy shown in the company’s annual report reflects lower level of earnings management especially in accrual earnings management, while companies with digital transformation strategy, particularly in artificial intelligence technology, are less likely to engage real earnings management. Findings of this study provide insights into the effect of digital transformation and sustainability on the quality of accounting information and corporate governance, and offer implications for corporate digital transformation and government regulation.
Corporate Governance as a Detector of Financial Statement Fraud: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Devi Putu Vidya Shania
Published: June 2024

Financial reporting fraud occurs when someone misunderstands the financial condition of a company deliberately or not. One of the causes of financial statement fraud is poor governance. This study aims to describe the development of corporate governance research as a detector of financial statement fraud. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review. Publish or Perish (PoP) software is used to search for articles. Based on the synthesis results, there are five corporate governance structure mechanisms that can detect financial statement fraud: auditor, board of directors, internal control, shareholders, and performance. The synthesis results show that each corporate governance structure mechanism has not been able to work together to detect financial statement fraud. Therefore, there is a need for cooperation to minimize financial statement fraud. Future research is expected to use more data to increase understanding of how companies detect financial statement fraud by accessing e-resources such as Elsevier, Springer, Emerald Insight, and Wiley. Meanwhile, Scimago can be used to assess the quality and ranking of journals.
Individual Factor Predictor and Organizational Factor Predictor to Detect Potential Corrupt Behaviour
Authors: Syafri Nida Ulhidayah , Sayyidina Nadila Azzahra , Sari Muhammad Charisma Sembahen Martdian Ratna , Maulana Noveri
Published: June 2024

KPK known as an institution that eradicates corruption, they receive reports of indications of corruption and conducts arrest operations (OTT) to be followed. This shows that corruption occurs every day, and this act of corruption will not be able to be eradicated if it only relies on KPK. Efforts are needed from each individual organization in preventing corruption from occurring. This research examines individual factors (flexing, life style and love of money) and organizational factors (internal control, whistle blowing, anti-fraud awareness, law enforcement and leadership style) which are expected to be predictors of someone behaving corruptly. This research using quantitative approach and the data was collected using a questionnaire which Indonesian employees as a respondents. After testing, it was found that flexing, lifestyle, love of money, internal control, whistleblowing and anti-fraud awareness were able to become predictive factors for someone to commit corruption. Thus, based on the results of this research, organizations can focus on designing policies and training / coaching programs to prevent corrupt behavior in employees.
Advancing Digital Forensic through Machine Learning: An Integrated Framework for Fraud Investigation
Authors: Baroto Wishnu Agung
Published: June 2024

The rise of cybercrime and cyber-related crime encourages efficient digital forensic investigations more crucial than ever before. Traditional investigation methods can be time-consuming, costly, and resource-intensive, while machine learning algorithms have the potential to reduce the complexity by promoting automation and investigation capabilities. This study begins with an analysis of digital forensics framework using a document analysis methodology. Moreover, exploring current practice and potential implementation of machine learning in digital forensics for fraud investigation is demonstrated through the features of Autopsy 4.15.0, a widely known digital forensics tool. The findings suggest the implementation of a comprehensive digital forensic framework that prioritizes the interpretation phase, with the support of machine learning capabilities. At present, machine learning mainly supports the analysis phase, which happens to be the most time-intensive process of digital forensic investigations. Furthermore, as fraud investigation has a role of fraud detection and prevention, current digital forensics procedures do not support the fraud detection and prevention process, despite the potential for machine learning to support this through pattern recognition.These discoveries are particularly significant in the fight against fraudulent activities, such as tax fraud, data fraud, financial fraud, and asset misappropriation, in the digital age.
Metaverse Kavramı ve Öne Çıkan Terimler Üzerine Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: Ağgül Esin , Yalçın Paşa , Altun Yalçın Sema
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada, Metaverse kavramına dair yapılan çalışmaların haritasını çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, teknolojinin gelişmesiyle hayatımıza girmiş olan temel kavramlardan metaverse ya da evren ötesine ilişkin alan yazının bibliyometrik analiz kullanılarak sistematik bir özetinin yapılması ayrıca metaverse kavramı ile ilgili çalışma eğilimlerinin tespiti hedeflenmiştir. Analiz birimi olarak Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanında taranan farklı içeriklerdeki çalışmaların verileri dikkate alınmıştır. Bu iki veri tabanından elde edilen çalışmalar, bibliyometrik çalışmalardan olan bibliyometrik analiz için Wosviewer yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanında taranan ve 1995-2024 yılları arasında yayınlanmış eserlerin verileri dikkate alınmıştır.
Sonuç olarak metaverse kavramı ile ilgili en çok çalışmanın Çinde olduğu, en fazla çalışmanın 2023 yılında yapıldığını, en fazla kullanılan anahtar sözcüğün metaverse, sanal gerçeklik, artırılmış gerçeklik, blockchain ve yapay zekâ olduğu, en fazla atıf alan yazarların Sang-Min Park, Zehui Xiong, Dusit Niyato ve Young- Gab olduğu, Nanyang Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Sejong Üniversitesi, Romanya Craivo Üniversitesi, Malezya Ucsi Üniversitesi en çok eser veren kurumlar arasında olduğu görüldü. Ayrıca Dwivedi (2022), Park (2022a), Duan (2021), Wang (2023d) en fazla bibliyografik eşleşme olan yazarlar arasında olduğu tespit edildi.
FTO is Associated with Patient Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer and Regulates TGF-β Expression
Authors: Lai Huan , Hu Nan , Zhang Miao , Jiang Weiwei , Han Yiqian , Mao Chenxi , Zhou Kangjie , Zhang Jingzhou , Hong Yidong , Wu Fenglei
Published: June 2024

Aims:

This study aimed to examine the associations of FTO expression with prognosis,
tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and
relevant signaling pathways in GC. Furthermore, the relationship between FTO and TGF-β was
studied in GC.

Methods:

The mRNA expression and clinical survival data of GC samples were obtained from
The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD). TIMER2, TNM plot, and
GEPIA database were used to analyze FTO expression. The associations of FTO with prognosis
and clinicopathologic features were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter and UALCAN database,
respectively. The R software was employed to analyze its related signaling pathways and
the associations with TME, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes. GEPIA and
ENCORI were used to examine the association of FTO with TGF-β expression. The SRAMP
website was utilized to predict m6A modification of TGF-β. IHC, Western blot, and qPCR were
used to analyze the expression levels of FTO and TGF-β in clinical gastric cancer tissue samples
or gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, a m6A RNA methylation assay kit was used to determine
m6A levels in gastric cancer cells.

objective:

To examine the associations of FTO expression with prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell Infiltration, immune checkpoint genes and relevant signaling pathways in GC. Furthermore, the relationship between FTO and TGF-β was studied in GC.

Results:

FTO mRNA and protein levels were significantly elevated in GC compared to normal
gastric tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that upregulated FTO was associated
with a worse prognosis in GC. Upregulated FTO was markedly correlated with differentiation
degree, lymph node metastasis, and clinical TNM stage. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed
that FTO-associated molecules were enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,
calcium signaling, PI3k-Akt signaling, cAMP signaling pathways, and TGF-β signaling pathways,
among others. The TME score was remarkably higher in the high-FTO group than in the
low-FTO group. Furthermore, FTO expression had positive correlations with different types of
immune cells and immune checkpoint genes. Moreover, FTO may regulate TGF-β in an m6A
RNA modification manner in GC.

Conclusion:

FTO may become an independent predictive prognostic biomarker correlating with
TME, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes in gastric cancer and might influence
GC progression by regulating TGF-β expression.
Analysis of Fault Lines in the City of Manado
Authors: Manoppo Fabian J , Hendrata Lianly , Waany Yudi O
Published: June 2024

Background

The Indonesian region with high seismic activity, Manado City, is situated at the convergence of four major tectonic plates on Earth: the Eurasian Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, and Philippine Plate.

Aim

This study aimed to identify the Manado fault line. The Geoelectric PQWT-TC 300 tool was utilized, which could detect up to a depth of 300 meters vertically.

Objective

The research was conducted to analyze and to create a map of the Manado fault line. This study is one of the efforts to mitigate earthquake disasters, which involves constructing earthquake-resistant infrastructure.

Methods

The Manado fault line was measured for 17 lines; each line was 9 to 41m in length, and the result was found to be Manado fault at line 23 Kayuragi-1 and line 70 among the 17 lines.

Results

The depth of the Manado Fault started from 30m to 270m from the surface layer. The resistivity values of fault were 0 Ω.

Conclusion

The present identification of the Manado fault line was close to the previous analysis, and the activity of the Manado fault line has not been detected in the last 1800 years. The present method yielded a better result for the Manado fault line than the previous method.
Performance Analysis of Innovative and Flexible Modern Leadership Towards a Golden Indonesia
Authors: Arman Arman , Patasaka Rini Indryati , Park Stephen Yong-Seung
Published: June 2024

This research aims to understand the role and influence of innovative and flexible modern leadership in pushing Indonesia toward the vision of a golden Indonesia. With research variables, analyzing innovative and flexible modern leadership performance towards a Golden Indonesia involves several important aspects. Three analyses are made regarding this first. Creativity and innovation, second. Collaboration, flexibility, and third. Development of human potential. This involves analyzing leaders' strategies, policies, and actions to stimulate economic growth, improve governance, and increase societal well-being through innovative and flexible modern leadership performance toward a golden Indonesia. A quantitative research method used a multistage random sampling survey method, which can open up opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of the leadership phenomenon, with 1200 respondents throughout Indonesia who are 17 years old or have been married for two years. The findings of the innovative and flexible modern leadership performance analysis towards a Golden Indonesia involve several important aspects, where the modern leadership performance analysis shows creativity and innovation (38%), collaboration and flexibility (29%), and the development of human potential (27%) And the need for modern leadership can be seen in transformational leadership (36%), situational leadership (30%), and servant leadership (28%), I don't know 6%. By analyzing the data, performing statistical analysis with reliability testing, using software, and identifying patterns. These three things have advantages and disadvantages in certain work situations and will have an impact on the government in the future toward a bright and certain golden Indonesia.
Regulatory Frameworks for AI-Enabled Medical Device Software in China: Comparative Analysis and Review of Implications for Global Manufacturer
Authors: Han Yu , Ceross Aaron , Bergmann Jeroen
Published: June 2024

The China State Council released the new generation artificial intelligence (AI) development plan, outlining China's ambitious aspiration to assume global leadership in AI by the year 2030. This initiative underscores the extensive applicability of AI across diverse domains, including manufacturing, law, and medicine. With China establishing itself as a major producer and consumer of medical devices, there has been a notable increase in software registrations. This study aims to study the proliferation of health care–related software development within China. This work presents an overview of the Chinese regulatory framework for medical device software. The analysis covers both software as a medical device and software in a medical device. A comparative approach is employed to examine the regulations governing medical devices with AI and machine learning in China, the United States, and Europe. The study highlights the significant proliferation of health care–related software development within China, which has led to an increased demand for comprehensive regulatory guidance, particularly for international manufacturers. The comparative analysis reveals distinct regulatory frameworks and requirements across the three regions. This paper provides a useful outline of the current state of regulations for medical software in China and identifies the regulatory challenges posed by the rapid advancements in AI and machine learning technologies. Understanding these challenges is crucial for international manufacturers and stakeholders aiming to navigate the complex regulatory landscape.
Appeal of Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Authors No
Published: June 2024

No abstract