bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Perception Regarding Corona Virus Disease 19 Outbreak among General Public of Selected Area of Kathmandu
Authors: Chhetri Kiran , Deo Puspa Kumari
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an upcoming contagious respiratory infection caused by a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) which is transmitted through the respiratory droplets produced by coughing or sneezing of an infected person. The behavior of the general public will probably have an important bearing on the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Human behavior is influenced by knowledge and perceptions. This paper aims to identify the awareness and perception regarding COVID-19 among general public.
Method: A cross sectional descriptive design was used by using structured online questionnaire through Google form. The study was conducted at certain area of Kathmandu. Sample size was 423 with non probability convenience sampling technique.
Result: The findings revealed that overall, 44.9% respondents had low, 34.0% had average and 21% had high level of awareness. Likewise, 56.6% had positive perception and 43.2% had negative perception about COVID outbreak. Also 62% respondents had positive and 37.7% had negative perception about prevention of COVID. There is an association between educational status and level of awareness with ‘p’ value lesser than 0.05 at 95% level of confidence.
Conclusion: Majority of respondents were not aware about the outbreak of COVID19. Also more than half of respondents had positive perception about outbreak of COVID 19. The effective measures are being taken by the government and the public, still there remains a need for further awareness campaigns and knowledge of safe interventions to combat the spread of disease.

Key words: awareness, perception, COVID19, general public.
The Role of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Compared to Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) in Diagnosing Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) in HIV/AIDS Patients on Routine Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Rahman Aulia , Kembaren Tambar , Sembiring Endang
Published: October 2021

Background: The lungs are one of the primary target organs for HIV disease and a major source of morbidity and mortality, among others, caused by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) or recurrent bacterial pneumonia. In developing countries, the incidence of PCP infection has soared, with high mortality rates ranging from 20% to 80%. The increase in serum LDH plays an important role in determining the severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the role of LDH examination as a diagnostic tool for PCP and Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) in HIV and AIDS patients.
Method: This research is an analytical study using an observational diagnostic test design, conducted from November 2020-January 2021 at the HIV Treatment Room at H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan with 158 subjects. We calculate the value of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
Results: 75.3% of the total sample was male, with the highest age group being 30-39 years old (46.2%) 126 samples (79.7%) had CD4 levels 200 cells/mm3, 98 samples (62%) had LDH levels > 500 U/L. In this study, 113 samples (71.5%) fell into the ABG criteria [PaO2] <70 mmHg). LDH has superior sensitivity and specificity value compared to ABG examination. In this case PaO2 or A-A DO2 in diagnosing PCP in HIV-AIDS patients.
Conclusion: LDH examination combined with clinical and radiological examinations has good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCP.

Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Lactate dehydrogenase, PCP.
Deficiency Serum Vitamin 25 (OH) D Levels Increase Risk Factors of Poor Quality Sleep in Resident at Sanglah Hospital
Authors: Dyah Sintarani Cokorda Istri , Indrasari Utami Desak Ketut , Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu Putri
Published: October 2021

Introduction/aim: Serum vitamin D level, estimated as 25(OH) D, is related to an increase in number of physiological mechanisms of sleep. The circadian period of the sleep can be deferred with sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation. The mechanism of lower vitamin D level causing sleep disturbances is unknown, several possible mechanisms have been proposed. Receptors of vitamin D are commonly found in most human tissues, including central nervous system. Low level of vitamin D is related with an increased risk of sleep problems, such as low sleep quality, short sleep length and excessive drowsiness. This study aims to
Methods: This study is an analytical study with a case-control design in resident st Sanglah Hospital from July-September 2021
Result: A total of 54 subjects were divided into case and control groups, age 25-35 years. From the statistical analysis using SPSS program on bivariate analysis with Chi-square obtained OR 12.6 (95% Confidence Interval=3.4-46.0; p=<0,001). Multivariate analysis showed that cortisol serum had P-value <0,001
Conclusion: Deficiency serum vitamin 25(OH) D levels increase risk factors of poor quality sleep thirteen times in resident at sanglah hospital

Keywords: poor sleep quality, resident, vitamin 25 (OH) D, young people.
Human Capital Plan for Business Startups “Innovation of Subang Honey Pineapple Beverage”
Authors: Fryandini Dita , Indradewa Rhian , Syah Tantri YanuarRahmat
Published: October 2021

Health is the most important capital in life choices. So that health itself is desired by everyone. Maintaining health can be done by maintaining a diet, adequate rest, exercise and consuming vitamins derived from fruits and vegetables. Increasing activity will make the body need food and drink intake that has high nutritional content. Vitamin C is obtained from many fruits. One of the fruits that contain lots of vitamin C is pineapple. Pineapple contains 39-49 grams of vitamin C contained in half a glass (125ml) of pineapple. In addition to vitamin C, pineapple is also famous for the bromelain content in it. Pineapple is one type of fruit that is liked by the community. In Indonesia, pineapple has a high potential as an export commodity.

Keywords: Startups, Human Capital Plan, Human Capital.
Analysis of the Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Happiness in Indonesia
Authors: Christin Br Ginting Septarina , Afifuddin Sya’ad , . Rahmanta
Published: October 2021

Happiness has become one of the indicators in measuring the level of success of economic development lately. Happiness as an indicator of development success is in line with the new schools of thought in economics, namely economics of happiness and economics of behavior. This happiness indicator is in line with the sustainable development goals driven by the United Nations agency. This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables on happiness in Indonesia. The macroeconomic variables are gross regional domestic product per capita, poverty, provincial government expenditures for the education function and for the health function. Happiness data is obtained from the results of a survey of measuring the level of happiness conducted by the Central Statistics Agency which issues a happiness index in 33 provinces in Indonesia. The form of this research is descriptive-quantitative and sourced from secondary data obtained from the publications of the Central Statistics Agency, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and the National Development Planning Agency. Data analysis uses a panel data regression approach, with serial data in 2014 and 2017 for the number of observations in 33 provinces in Indonesia. The results of the research analysis show: (1) gross regional domestic product per capita has a positive and significant effect on happiness in Indonesia; (2) poverty has a negative and significant effect on happiness in Indonesia; (3) provincial government spending on education function has a positive and significant effect on happiness in Indonesia; (4) provincial government spending on health function has a positive and insignificant effect on happiness in Indonesia.

Keywords: Gross Regional Domestic Product per Capita, Poverty, Education Function, .Health Function, Happiness.
Identification of Historical Heritage in Metro City Lampung as Learning Resources of Local History
Authors: . Sumiyatun , Hartati Umi
Published: October 2021

This study aims to identify historical relics in Metro City, Lampung that can be used as a source of local history learning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using archival studies, literature studies, and field observations. The data obtained were then analyzed with an interactive analysis model. The results of the study identified three historical heritage objects in Metro City, Lampung which is located in the city center, namely 1) Metro City Merdeka Park which was previously known as the city square; 2) Doctor's House (Dokterswoning), and 3) Santa Maria Maternity Clinic. It was concluded that the three historical heritage objects identified were objects originating from the colonial period in Metro City, Lampung, namely between 1935-1938, the three historical heritage objects have strong historical value in local historical narratives in Metro City and can be used as sources local history learning.

Keywords: historical heritage, Metro City, learning resources, history learning, local history.
Nutritional Status and Body Image Satisfaction among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Kayathri S Anju , Mohan Aiswarya , M Indujamol
Published: October 2021

Background: Adolescence is a phase of accelerated growth and major physical changes take place in the body. Nutritional status during the crucial period of adolescence could be a potential predictor of body image perception.
Objectives: The study aimed at assessing the nutritional status and body image satisfaction among adolescent girls.
Methods: Descriptive study was conducted among 135 adolescent girls of selected school, Kochi selected through random sampling method. Tools used were structured questionnaire for demographic data, BMI for age growth chart (5-19 years) Z score according to WHO and nutritional history to assess nutritional status and body image satisfaction was assessed by modified version (SF-14) of Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Data was analyzed using SPSS version.
Results: Majority (63.7%) of them having normal nutritional status, 17.8 % of them were mild thinness, 8.9% were overweight 7.4% of them were showing severe thinness and only 2.2 % of them were obese. Among that majority (57.8%) had mild concern, 8.9% of them having moderate concern and 2.2% of them having marked concern regarding the body image irrespective of their BMI. And also there was highly statistically significant (p=.000) association between nutritional status and body image satisfaction.
Interpretation and Conclusion: Though majority of study groups satisfied about their body image few girls felt moderate to marked concern with their nutritional status. Raising awareness of body image size and increasing body satisfaction with weight status should be established by good receptions of healthy lifestyle among girls.

Keywords: nutritional status, body image satisfaction, adolescent girls.
The Effectiveness of Discovery Learning on Thematic Learning on the Understanding of the Concept Social Science in Class IV Elementary School Students
Authors: Ratiwi Riana Denik , Suharini Erni , Tri Atmaja Hamdan
Published: October 2021

This research was descriptively to determine the effectiveness of Discovery Learning and Numbered Head Together on understanding the thematic learning concepts of Social Science content in fourth grade students of SD Sedabin Ahmad Yani, Kemusu District. The type of research used in this study was Quasi Experiment. The populations of this study were all fourth-grade students of SD Sedabin Ahmad Yani, Kemusu District with a total of 116 students, while the sample was 28 students. Data collection techniques used documentation and test techniques. Instrument test used a test which includes a test of the validity of the items with biserial correlation; the results obtained are 25 valid items and 5 invalid items. Reliability using the KR-20. The data analysis technique used was the distribution normality test, the homogeneity of variance test, and the Paired Sample T-Test.
The results of the descriptive study showed that the trend of understanding concepts in the experimental class using Discovery Learning obtained an average score of 21.142 and included in the very high category, while the control class using Numbered Head Together obtained an average score of 18.357 and also included in the high category. But the average score of Discovery Learning was higher than Numbered Head Together. So, it can be concluded that the understanding of the thematic learning concepts of Social Science content in the experimental class was higher than the control class. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the t-test, the result = 3.446, 0.002, it can be concluded that < 0.05, there was a very significant difference between Discovery Learning and Numbered Head Together on understanding the thematic learning concepts of fourth grade students at SD Sedabin Ahmad Yani, Kemusu District.

Keywords: Concept Understanding Social Science, Discovery Learning.
Analysis of Accessibility and Level of Knowledge of Farmers on the Use of ICT among Small Holder Rice Farmers in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: B.O Gbughemobi , D.C. Nkamigbo, , N.T. Meludu,
Published: October 2021

The study examined Analysis of accessibility and Level of Knowledge of Farmers on the Use of ICT among small holder rice farmers in Southeast, Nigeria. Specifically, it described ICT accessibility and level of knowledge of farmers in the use of ICT and Significant relationship between the farmers’ accessibility and knowledge and their level of use of ICT. Data were collected with a well-structured questionnaire from 476 randomly selected rice farmers and were analyzed using a combination of analytical tools such as descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance, correlation and z-test. The information on ICT tools/format accessibility revealed that out of all the accessible ICT tools/format, only Radio set, Television, Mobile Phone, Short Message Services, and On-line Magazines were effectively used. It was discovered that rice farmers have a low knowledge on the use of ICT in their rice farms. Information meant for rice farmers should be tailored to their specific need and more trainings should be organized for rural people on the use of ICT tools/format to help boost their confidence and reliance on ICT gadgets for information were recommended.

Keywords: Analysis of accessibility, Level of Knowledge, ICT gadgets, small holder rice farmers, Southeast Nigeria.
Pregnancy Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lestari Pratiwi Puji , Fathony Zaiyidah , Amalia Rizki
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic not only threatens people's health physically, but also mentally. 80% of mothers are predicted to experience symptoms of mood disorders in the first few days after giving birth. Symptoms of depression in pregnant women are similar to symptoms of depression that occur at other times in a woman's life cycle. The difference is due to the process of physiological changes during pregnancy and childbirth. This study was to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tendency of depression in pregnant women. The study is a quantitative observational study with a cross sectional design. The results show that there is a significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tendency to depression. The COVID-19 pandemic is a trigger factor for depression during pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to prevent depression during pregnancy.

Keywords:COVID-19, pregnancy, depression.
Discourse Analysis in Tamil Speaking Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: J Maria , N Samyuktha , Shree B Yuva Yoga
Published: October 2021

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Though PD is primarily a motor speech disorder during the initial stages, as the disease progresses, a gradual decline in linguistic aspects is observed as well. The effects of disease (PD) on cognition, word retrieval, syntax, and speech/voice processes may act together to manifest uniquely in spoken language tasks. There is a dearth of studies focusing on the discourse abilities in PD, especially in Indian context.
Aim: The present study aims at investigating the micro and macrostructure discourse by using personal narrative task in Tamil speaking individuals with idiopathic PD and comparing it with the neuro-typical individuals
Method: Two groups comprising 5 Tamil-speaking individuals with idiopathic PD in the age range of 60–85 years and 5 neuro-typical individuals were included in the study. To assess their discourse skills, participants were engaged in a personal narrative task. The analyses done were based on macro and micro structural aspects of discourse. The raw scores were subjected to suitable statistical analysis.
Results: There was a statistical significance between the Parkinson & Normal group on Total number of words, No. of Different words, No. of content words, No. of Functional words, Free morphemes, Complex structure per utterances & Relevant piece per utterance in microstructural aspects. However there was no significant difference observed in the macrostructural aspects due to smaller sample size.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that in addition to speech impairment, language structure is also affected in persons with PD. Intervening at the level of discourse is an important aspect as it enhances the quality of life.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Discourse, Tamil speaking, Micro analysis, Macro Analysis.
Disease Prediction using Naïve Bayes - Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Rao Jetti Chandrasekhar , Shaik Rehamatulla , Shaik Sadhik
Published: October 2021

It can occur on many occasions that you or a loved one requires urgent medical assistance, but they are unavailable due to unforeseen circumstances, or that we are unable to locate the appropriate doctor for the care. As a result, we will try to incorporate an online intelligent Smart Healthcare System in this project to solve this issue. It's a web-based programmed that allows patients to get immediate advice about their health problems.
The aim of the smart healthcare system is to create a web application that can take a user's symptoms and predict diseases, as well as serve as an online consultant for various diseases. We created an expert system called Smart Health Care System, which is used to make doctors' jobs easier. A machine examines a patient at a basic level and recommends diseases that may be present. It begins by inquiring about the patient's symptoms; if the device is able to determine the relevant condition, it then recommends a doctor in the patient's immediate vicinity. The system will show the result based on the available accumulated data. We're going to use some clever data mining techniques here. We use several intelligent data mining techniques to guess the most accurate illness that could be associated with a patient's symptoms, and we use an algorithm (Naive Bayes) to map the symptoms with potential diseases based on a database of many patients' medical records. This system not only makes doctors' jobs easier, but it also benefits patients by getting them the care they need as soon as possible.

Keywords: Disease Prediction, Naïve Bayes, Machine Learning Algorithm, Smart Healthcare System.
Consonant Changes in Words Borrowed From Sanskrit to Thai and Patani Malay
Authors: Na Songkhla Angsana , Subramaniam Ilangko
Published: October 2021

Southeast Asia was under Indian influence for more than a thousand years so that the traces of Indian civilization can be determined from a lot of evidence. The entry of Indian civilization in this region has shown that Sanskrit has merged with Thai, the national language of Thailand, and Patani Malay, the mother tongue language of Thai Malays who live in the deep south of Thailand. Borrowing is a process of language contact and language change that can happen in all languages and is not limited to borrow in the same language family or the same type of language. All of them belong to different family trees. Sanskrit is a member of the Indo-European language family, whereas the Thai language is accepted to Tai-Kadai and Patani Malay belongs to the Austronesian language family. This study aims to study consonant changes of shared Sanskrit loanwords in Thai and Patani Malay. This research employed qualitative methodology. Data were collected from documentaries. The findings showed that changes in consonant phonemes occurred in both languages according to phonological adaptations such as deletion, insertion, voicing, devoicing, and substitution.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels of the School of Physical Education and Sports Students and Their Life Satisfaction
Authors: Koç Mine , İnan Hande
Published: October 2021

This study aims to investigate the correlations between the physical activity levels of students who study sports sciences and their life satisfaction levels according to a number of variables. The study group was composed of 212 students—100 of whom were female and 112 of whom were male—who attended Physical Education and Sports School of Adıyaman University in 2020-2021 academic year.The participants were given the international physical activity questionnaire (Craig et al., 2003) and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) (Diener & Griffin, 1985) along with personal information form (IPAQ-SF) online.As a result, no correlations were found between physical education and sports school students’ levels of physical activities and their life satisfaction. Accordingly, the BMI average for the female students (x̄ = 20.31) was found to be significantly lower than the average for the male students (x̄ = 23.68). The inactive students’ average (x̄ = 21.61) and the average of the students who were very active (x̄ = 21.37) were significantly higher (p < 0.01). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the participants’ levels of physical activity or in their life satisfaction levels according to types of sports and gender (p > 0.05).In conclusion, it may be stated that physical activities do not affect university students’ life satisfaction but that they eliminate their problems of overweight and that those activities reduce the average for BMI in positive ways and thus resulted in healthier individuals.
Determining Misbehaviors Encountered by Physical Education Teachers and Their Opinions about the Methods Used Against to Those Behaviors
Authors: Mercanoğlu Anıl Onur
Published: October 2021

Determining the misbehaviors encountered in physical education classes and the methods used against these behaviors is important both in terms of producing new solutions by revealing the current situation in classroom management and providing a preliminary information for teachers who will just start the profession. The aim of the study is to determine the physical education teachers’ views who work at schools in Yenimahalle district in Ankara about student misbehaviors and their opinions about the methods used against to those behaviors in physical education lessons. The research group consists of 100 physical education teachers in total who were chosen with convenience sampling method and work at public schools in Yenimahalle district. The questionnaire used to collect data consists of two parts. In the first part, there are items related to student misbehaviors. In the second part, there are items related to the methods used against student misbehaviors. The four-point Likert rating system was applied and the items were rated as “never”, “seldom”, “usually”, “always”. According to the findings, it revealed that the misbehavior most frequently encountered by physical education teachers is “complaining about friends to the teacher” and the misbehavior that they usually meet is “talking in class without asking permission”. It was determined that the methods most frequently used by the physical education teachers in the research group were “rewarding positive behaviors” and “attracting students’ attention to the lesson by asking questions about the subject of the lesson”. It can be stated that these results will serve as a guide especially in the preparation process of physical education teacher candidates.
Proceso de constitución del gobierno territorial autónomo awajún
Authors: Inoach Shawit Gil
Published: October 2021

Con la desprotección de los territorios comunales por la Constitución peruana de 1993 y estando aún pendiente el saneamiento total de territorios indígenas de la Amazonía peruana, los nueve pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía Nororiental del Perú, entre ellos el pueblo awajún, deciden remarcar su presencia milenaria a través de autodemarcación de sus territorios ancestrales. Después de concluir la autodemarcación territorial, se identificó que no existía una figura que representara al pueblo. Por ello, el pueblo awajún decide retomar su gobernanza territorial a través del Gobierno Territorial Autónomo Awajún (GTAA), en ejercicio de sus derechos colectivos reconocidos, en especial su derecho a la identidad cultural, derecho al territorio, libre determinación y autogobierno. La gobernanza territorial que pregona el pueblo awajún no busca debilitar la presencia del Estado. Más bien, propugna fortalecerlo desde la conducción de sus propios protagonistas.
educación en Loreto: caso de la provincia 55 de Ramón Castilla y la provincia del Datem del Marañón
Authors: Aquituari Ahuanari Erwy
Published: October 2021

Investigación sobre la situación de educativa en dos provincias de la región Loreto, Datem del Marañón al extremo occidental y Ramón Castilla, al extremo oriente. Se entrevistó a docentes, alumnos y padres de familia. Las causas principales de deserción escolar son la distancia para llegar a la institución educativa, embarazos, y los padres de familia que emparejan a las niñas a temprana edad. Los docentes viven una precaria situación económica. Los que están más alejados de la ciudad dependen de apoderados para el cobro de su sueldo, que cobran el 20 %. En la provincia de Ramón Castilla el narcotráfico interfiere en la asistencia a la escuela.
lectoescritura visual en el pueblo asháninka a través de los cuentos
Authors: Camañari Quinchori Rudi
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad reconocer a la lectoescritura visual como una estrategia importante para valorar las narraciones míticas de la tradición oral asháninka y de lo trascendental que son como medio de transmisión de valores, ideas y costumbres en las comunidades. A partir de los relatos míticos y las historias de los sabios asháninka que son transmitidos a los padres y a su vez a sus hijos se está realizando el intercambio de estos saberes que permitirán identificar aquello que está alrededor de una imagen. Entonces, la lectoescritura audiovisual buscará incrementar el hábito lector en las comunidades a partir de las imágenes y las historias que existen alrededor de ellas sensibilizando a los adultos, jóvenes, adolescentes y sobre todo los niños y niñas del pueblo asháninka de la Selva Central.
literatura asháninka: narrativa de los seres espirituales
Authors: Espino Relucé Gonzalo , Apaza Espinoza Silvia
Published: October 2021

El artículo explora la literatura indígena asháninka como manifestación oral interpelada o impactada por los procesos de modernización y que se trasmite de generación en generación. Se aproxima a toda la literatura indígena asháninka y a su lento proceso de inclusión desde la escritura. Focalizamos nuestra disertación en un tipo de relato que identificamos con los seres espirituales, dueños, espíritus o protectores de la naturaleza y hace una cala en las características de estos últimos. Si bien apelamos a la bibliografía existente sobre la cultura asháninka, focalizamos nuestro trabajo en las recopilaciones sobre dueños, realizadas en a comunidad nativa Cushiviani y desde un espacio educativo EIB N°64483, situado en la Selva Central, en Perú.
No uno sino varios castellanos amazónicos
Authors: Chirif Alberto
Published: October 2021

El castellano amazónico sigue siendo una realidad poco estudiada. Sobre la base de dos elementos del habla característica de una parte de la población, la entonación y la alteración sintáctica, se ha construido un estereotipo sobre el habla de la región. Esto no pasa de ser una broma porque se exagera la entonación y se realizan inversiones silábicas que crean figuras inexistentes en el habla real de la región. El otro problema es suponer que en toda la región amazónica peruana se habla de la misma manera. Esto tiene que ver con la tendencia a la simplificación, como aquella que dividía el territorio peruano en tres regiones naturales.
Sosyal Medya Ahlakı Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2020
Authors: ERYILMAZ Hasan
Published: October 2021

Fıtratı gereği sosyal bir çevrede yaşamaya meyilli olan insan, bu ihtiyacını içerisinde bulunduğumuz çağa kadar geleneksel yöntemlerle ve mekana bağımlı olarak karşılamıştır. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte söz konusu ihtiyacı karşılama yöntemleri, farklı iletişim kanalları ile zaman ve mekan kavramlarından bağımsız olarak daha hızlı ve sınırlılıklarından kurtulmuş bir hale dönüşmüştür. Özellikle internetin keşfedilmesini takip eden birkaç on yıllık süreç, sosyal medya platformlarının insan hayatının vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. İnsanın iletişim dünyasındaki bu köklü yenilenme bir takım kolaylıklar ve geleneğe göre daha geniş imkanlar sağlamasına karşın kontrolü neredeyse imkansız yüksek tesirli bir gücün de doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Bahsettiğimiz bu sorun, fikir çevrelerince tespit edildikten sonra sosyal medyanın yıkıcı etkilerini en aza indirgemek, toplumda bu gibi mecraların üzerinde algı yürüttüğü, amaçsız, hedefsiz, birikimsiz, hayatta karşılığı olmayan ve kendini gerçekleştirememiş sahte profillerin temayüz etmesini önlemek adına bir çaba içerisine girilmiştir. İşte tanıtımını yapmış olduğumuz bu kitap da bahsettiğimiz kaygıdan dolayı harekete geçmiş, şuurlu ve istekli bir camianın sosyal medya kanalıyla gelen olumsuz tesirlerin açtığı yaralara küçücük bile olsa merhem olması niyetiyle kaleme aldığı içten bir endişenin tecessüm etmiş halidir.
Sanal Dünyada Mahremiyet ve Özel Hayat
Authors: ÇEKİÇ Sevdegül
Published: October 2021

Sosyal medya günümüz dünyasının sanal bir gerçekliğidir. “Sanal Dünyada Mahremiyet ve Özel Hayat” adlı bu çalışmanın amacı, özel alan ve kamusal alan ayrımından yola çıkılarak İslam hukuku ve ahlaki kurallar çerçevesinde mahremiyet sınırlarını çizmek ve bu sınırların ne kadarının sosyal medyada ihlal edildiğini ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmaktır. Gerçekleşebilen söz konusu ihlaller sonucunda fert ve toplum üzerine düşen sorumluluklar ile bazı hukuki yaptırımlar ele alınmıştır. Zihinlerimizdeki mahremiyet algısının doğru kodlanmasının, öncelikle ferdin kendine ait özel hayatı başta olmak üzere aile hayatına ve tabii ki toplumun özel hayatına dair kararların alınmasında etkisi yadsınamaz derecededir. Bu sebeple özel hayattaki mahremiyet sınırlarının sanal âlem vasıtasıyla aşılması durumunda oluşabilecek sorumluluklar da bu çalışmada ele alınan konulardır. Özellikle sanal âlemde çocukların mahremiyet haklarının gözetilmesi konusunda ebeveyn tutumlarının son derece önem arz ettiği günümüzde, sosyal medyada özensizce görselleri paylaşılan çocukların ihmal ve istismarına kapı aralandığı görülmektedir. Bu hususta gerek ülkemizde gerekse diğer bazı ülkelerde uygulanan hukuki yaptırımlar metinde öne çıkan kısımlardandır.
Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları: Refleksoloji
Authors: YÜKSEL Hümeyra
Published: October 2021

Farmokolojik tedavilerin hastaların ağrılarını azaltmasını kontrol edememesinden dolayı tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemleri tekrardan önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Ağrı azaltılmasında, anksiyete, stres düzeyleri üzerinde refleksoloji kullanımı dünyada ve ülkemizde gün geçtikçe yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Refleksoloji, insanların ayaklarında belirli noktalara bası uygulayarak ağrı, acı, stres, anksiyete ve vücutta bulunan organlarda olan ağrıları dindirilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Refleksoloji geçmiş yüzyıllardan bu yana kullanılmaktadır. Modern topluma refleksolojiyi tekrardan gündeme getirilmiştir. Refleksoloji bir çok meslek grupları tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Hemşireler de ise gün geçtikçe kullanımı artması beklenmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarından biri olan refleksolojinin tanımı kullanım alanlarını ve hemşirelerinde kullanımını artırmak ve literatüre katkı sağlaması amacıyla yazılmıştır.
The Relationship between Female Girls Education Policies and Academic Performance of Female Students in Rwanda
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Janvier Tuyishime , Opiyo Andala Dr. Hesbon ,   Mount Kenya University
Published: October 2021

The implementation of female education policies plays a significant role in promotion of academic performance and other schooling learning outcomes. The purpose of this study therefore was to establish the relationship between female girls’ education policies and academic performance of female students in Rusizi District in Rwanda. This study adopted correlation research design while structured questionnaires, interview guide and document reviews were used as data collection instruments. The target population was 283 respondents. The sample size was 166 obtained by the use of Yamane formula. The sample was obtained by the use of simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaire, interview guide and document review were used to collect the data. The findings revealed that 53.1% strongly agreed with recruiting and training gender sensitive teachers, 86.4% agreed with specifying the provision of alternative education for girls, 80.0% felt agreed with encouraging girls ‘participation. Thus, 77.0% felt female students received toilet support. The study recommended the government to make attention to the improvement of academic performance, education quality and pertinence in secondary schools and enable girls to achieve high level of learning outcomes. The community should abandon some harmful cultural practices faced by female students in secondary schools because they contribute to low esteem and ambitions. Secondary schools should adopt gender sensitive courses and give utter instructional materials like boos and other equipment. Keywords: Education policy, Girls’ education, Academic performance, secondary schools, Rwanda.
Translation as a Teaching Tool in EFL Classes at the University Level
Authors: Ali Prof. Dr. Hussein Ali Ahmad , Ali Dr. Idrees Ali Hasan , Alzeebaree Yaseen
Published: October 2021

The current research aims at studying students’ attitudes towards the instructors’ use oftranslation in EFL classes at university level. It hypothesizes that students have a positiveattitude towards instructors’ use of such a means. The research is limited to a sample of47 male and female 2nd year students at the department of English language, college ofLanguages, Nawroz University during the academic year 2020-2021. To study thesample’s attitudes, a questionnaire that subsumes (20) relevant items has been designedand administered to the sample of students. The results show that students have positiveattitudes towards their instructors use of translation in English as a Foreign language (EFL)classes at university level. In the light of such results, some recommendations have beenput forward.
Effect of Physical Exercise on Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Undergraduate Footballers in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors:   Deparment of medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Olisah Michael Chinedu , Nicholate Dim Catherine ,   Deparment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli.
Published: October 2021

Background: Prolonged exercise leads to progressive water and electrolyte loss from the body as sweat is secreted to promote heat loss. The rate of sweating depends on many factors and is increased in proportion to the work rate and the environmental temperature and humidity. Prolong exercise could lead to an alteration in electrolyte concentrations and this could lead to deleterious effects in the body. Aim: To determine the effect of Physical Exercise on Serum Electrolytes Urea and Creatinine in undergraduate footballers in Anambra State. Method: Six football teams comprising of 11 players each were grouped into 3 sets. Each set containing 22 players was allowed to play football for at least 2hours with a 15 minutes break interval. They were allowed to take only 250mls water during this exercising period. Blood samples were collected from all the subjects prior to the exercise from anticubital veins with the subjects in sitting position. Post-Exercise blood Samples were collected within 5 minutes after and 2hrs after the exercise. The blood samples were also analyzed for serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Blood sample for calcium was collected after removing the tourniquet for 2 minutes. The serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride and calcium were estimated using ion-selective electrodes while urea and creatinine were estimated using standard colorimetric methods. Results: There was no significant difference in mean concentrations of serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-) profile levels in pre-exercising subjects when compared with the post-exercising period. (P> 0.05). However, the mean levels of Ca2+ increased significantly in post-exercise period when compared with the pre-exercising condition (P < 0.05). The findings of this work suggest that short duration of exercise does not alter significantly the serum electrolytes.
Las instituciones y la paz
Authors: Garcés María Teresa
Published: October 2021

La autora analiza la crisis de las instituciones  estudiando los aspectos de orden institucional y jurídico que inciden para que no exista un clima pacífico para la resolución de los conflictos sociales que vive Colombia. La primera parte de este análisis institucional muestra las restricciones a la democracia que atentan contra el derecho de la representación y significan la exclusión de las grandes mayorías en la toma de decisiones. Esto acarrea la falta de pleno consenso en torno a las instituciones, cuya legitimidad se encuentra en crisis. Se señalan en este punto las secuelas del Frente Nacional y del sistema bipartidista mostrando su creciente incapacidad para desempeñar su función de mediador entre los ciudadanos y el Estado y su contribución para impedir la consolidación de una oposición verdaderamente democrática. Se indican luego la falta de democracia interna de los partidos, evidenciada en el carácter casi vitalicio de los congresistas, en los sistemas de elección de los candidatos a corporaciones, la financiación de las campañas, el acceso a los medios de comunicación. Se señalan igualmente la insipiencia de los mecanismos de democracia participativa como el presupuesto plebiscito, las consultas populares y las juntas administradoras locales, lo mismo que la rigidez del centralismo y la falta de equilibrio entre los poderes públicos, evidenciado en las deficiencias de los controles del Congreso, Corte Suprema de Justicia, Consejo de Estado y tribunales de lo contencioso administrativo, Procuraduría y Contraloría.

 

La segunda parte del artículo estudia la ineficacia del Estado colombiano para garantizar los derechos humanos: se parte de la evolución histórica de los derechos humanos, las declaraciones internacionales de derechos y su consagración en la constitución de Colombia, para subrayar la evolución que va teniendo la concepción del Estado a través de ellos. Inicialmente el Estado es presentado de manera negativa, más como una amenaza a las libertades individuales que como un instrumento positivo de apoyo a los derechos de personas y grupos humanos, como se tiende hoy a considerarlo.
Aproximación a la configuración política de Colombia
Authors: González Fernán
Published: October 2021

El artículo busca una primera aproximación a la historia política de Colombia haciendo énfasis en las redes de relaciones interpersonales e intergrupales que están en la base de las agrupaciones políticas y en la expresión ritual-simbólica que las acompaña. Por eso, presenta la temprana creación del bipartidismo como la respuesta a la fragmentación del poder y a la crisis de legitimidad, que caracterizaron al país al desaparecer el vínculo unificador de la Corona española. Se analizan luego las relaciones de estos partidos frente a la Iglesia católica y con las masas populares, porque ambas referencias van a marcar profundamente la ulterior vida política del país.El artículo describe los principales momentos del proceso político del país desde los comienzos de la vida republicana hasta nuestros días.Palabras Clave: Historia politica, Relaciones interpersonales, Relaciones intergrupales, Configuración politica, Iglesia católica, Bipartidismo, Proceso Politico
Comunicación y violencia: hacia la construcción de un terreno para el debate
Authors: Cadavid Amparo
Published: October 2021

El artículo consiste en una exploración de los medios masivos de comunicación a la constitución del imaginario colectivo desde el cual se leen los hechos violentos. Amparo Cadavid parte de los enfoques de los estudiosos de la comunicación para analizar el papel que juegan los medios masivos de comunicación en la construcción de los imaginarios colectivos desde los cuales los espectadores de los medios leen la violencia. Se ve el terreno de lo imaginario como el sitio donde se supera a nivel del discurso y del símbolo la falta de coherencia entre lo que experimentamos en la sociedad y nuestras expectativas y esperanzas sobre el deber ser de esa sociedad. En ese sentido, la experiencia de una precaria y limitada identidad social, siempre amenazada por el antagonismo social que percibe, es compensada a nivel simbólico por una referencia a la unidad y comunidad de sentimiento, por medio de imágenes como nación, patria, ciudadanía, orden, legalidad, instituciones, etc. El imaginario permite así recrear el tejido de lo social y dar sentido coherente a la experiencia fragmentada y contradictoria que se percibe.Esta concepción de los medios permite superar el enfoque tradicional de la mayoría de los estudios que buscan establecer una relación causal muy directa entre la violencia explícita en esos medios y la violencia en la sociedad, sin considerar la mediación de la sociedad ni la actividad del espectador frente a los mensajes transmitidos.Palabras Clave: Medios masivos, Comunicación, Violencia, Imaginarios
Transformación rural, violencia política y narcotráfico en Córdoba, 1953-1991
Authors: Romero Mauricio
Published: October 2021

Algunos narcotraficantes acumularon tal cantidad de propiedad rural en Colombia durante la década de los 80, que pudieron darse el lujo de iniciar una reforma agraria por su cuenta. Fidel Castaño, miembro de la cúpula del antiguo cartel de Medellín, prometió distribuir 18.000 hectáreas de tierra a campesinos pobres en el valle de rio Sinú en 1990 y un año más tarde ya había entregado cerca de 7.000 hectáreas a 1.500 familias en el medio y alto Sinú. Además sus parientes cercanos organizaron la Fundación por la Paz en Córdoba, con el fin de implementar un programa de ayuda técnica y financiera para los beneficiarios de la redistribución de tierras, e incluyeron en la junta directiva de la fundación a antiguos guerrilleros que se habían enfrentado a Castaño en una guerra a muerte durante la década anterior.

Este artículo sugiere un marco de interpretación de la violencia política de los años 80 en el departamento de Córdoba, basado en el análisis del cambio a una agricultura comercial y del crecimiento de la ganadería extensiva en tres zonas del valle del Sinú enntre 1953 y 1990, y en el papel que ha jugado el natcotráfico en la dinámica política que acompañó a esta vía de modernización agraria.
Memoria y performatividad
Authors: García V. Martha Cecilia
Published: October 2021

A partir de una investigación colaborativa la autora se acerca al grupo de Hijos e Hijas por la Memoria y contra la Impunidad surgido a mediados del decenio pasado. Hijos e Hijas se asumen más como una expresión generacional que propiamente de víctimas. Así le apuestan a ña memoria que busca superar la negación del pasado de sus padres, militantes de izquierda que fueron asesinados o sufrieron violaciones de derechos humanos, proyectándose al país tanto en términos discursivos como performativos de alto contenido democrático y transformador. A mediados de 2011, se produjo una ruptura en la agrupación. Unos conservaron el nombre de Hijos e Hijas por la Memoria y Contra la Impunidad, otros adoptaron la denominación de Hijos por la identidad, la Justicia, contra el Olvido y el Silencio. Lo que aquí se presenta hace parte de la historia de las dos agrupaciones.

Memory and Performance

From a collaborative research, the autor approaches to the group “hijos e Hijas por la Memoria y contra la Impunidad” that emerged in the meddle of last decade. “Hijos e Hijas” sees itself more as a generational expression that as a group of victims. Because of that, they bet on a memory that seeks to overcome the denial of the past of their parents, left militants who were killed or suffered human right violations, projecting into the country, both in terms of discourse and performance, with a high democratic and transformative content. By mid-2011, there was a break withim the group. Some kept the name of “Hijos e Hijas por la memoria y contra la Impunidad, others adopted the name of “Hijos por la Identidad, la Justicia, contra el Olvido y el Silencio”. The article presents a part of the history of the two groups.

Keywords: Sons and Daughters, Generation, Memory, Left, Performance.
Muerte y recuperación de empresas colombianas
Authors: Delgado Guzmán Alvaro
Published: October 2021

Este texto sintetiza la indagación del autor en torno a la desaparición de empresas manufactureras colombianas y a algunos esfuerzos de rescate de las mismas, realizados por sus trabajadores, cuando los primeros efectos de la globalización empezaron a sentirse en muchos medios. Se trata de un intento en cierta manera pionero en Colombia, tal vez por lo mismo que el fenómeno paso notoriamente inadvertido por la opinión pública, debido tanto al amparo gubernamental de que gozaron los empresarios para eludir las leyes laborales y deshacerse fácilmente de los trabajadores “sobrantes”, como a la débil resistencia y a veces indiferencia que el atropello despertó en las directivas sindicales. La desaparición de empresas simbólicas de la vida social colombiana, grandes y medianas, ha borrado rápidamente de la memoria nacional el aporte que empresarios criollos y trabajadores hicieron a la técnica, la calidad y la presentación de la producción nacional atesoradas en un siglo de historia de la manufactura.

Death and Recovery of Colombian Companies

This article synthesizes the author’s inquiry about the disappearance of Colombian manufacturing forms, and some rescue efforts made by their workers when the first effects of globalization began to be felt in our midst. In some way, this is a pioneering attempt in Colombia, since the phenomenon became well unnoticed by the public, because both, the employers had the government support to circumvent labor laws and to drive out easily the workers “surplus”, as well as the feeble resistence and sometimes indifference of union leaders. The disappearance of symbolic firms in Colombian social life, large and medium, quickly erased the memory of the contribution that national employers and workers made in techniques, quality and presentation of national productions treasured along a century of manufacturing history.

Keywords: Globalization, Industrial Crisis, Recovery Companies, Unionism.