bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La cuestión palestina y el Protectorado de España en Marruecos: el uso de los refugiados y la ayuda humanitaria en la política árabe del franquismo (1949-1950)
Authors: González González Irene
Published: December 2024

En marzo de 1950 la prensa española recogía en sus páginas la noticia de la acogida de 500 niños palestinos en el Protectorado español en Marruecos. El proyecto había comenzado a gestarse un año antes entre el Alto Comisario, Enrique Valera, y Francisco Franco en Madrid. Se trataba de ofrecer una ayuda que contribuyera a paliar la situación humanitaria en la que vivía la población palestina y que permitiera a España acercarse a la región y a Naciones Unidas. En el proyecto, España gestionaría una ayuda que partía del Protectorado y que era patrocinada por el Jalifa. Este artículo analiza los intereses españoles en la gestión de la ayuda humanitaria en dos aspectos concretos: el intento de acogida de refugiados en Marruecos y el envío de ayuda material a la población palestina.
Cambio y continuidad en la solidaridad marroquí con Palestina: el Estado y la sociedad civil ante la normalización y la guerra de Gaza
Authors: Casani Alfonso , Colin Francesco
Published: December 2024

Este artículo contrapone las prácticas discursivas del Estado y la sociedad civil marroquíes en su construcción de un relato de solidaridad con la causa palestina en Marruecos. Para ello, enfatiza el papel desempeñado por el discurso en la construcción de consensos hegemónicos e identidades colectivas comunes. En concreto, el artículo analiza el impacto que la firma de los acuerdos de normalización de relaciones entre Marruecos e Israel y la guerra de Gaza (2023-2024) han tenido sobre este consenso hegemónico. Ambos acontecimientos suponen un desafío al alineamiento de las posturas del Estado y la sociedad civil marroquí con respecto al conflicto palestino-israelí. Con este fin, el artículo analiza las prácticas de la sociedad civil marroquí como productora de proyectos contrahegemónicos y la manera en la cual el Estado ha navegado la ambivalencia generada por la firma de los acuerdos de normalización y el mantenimiento de una solidaridad formal con la causa palestina. Investigar la reacción popular marroquí a la guerra de Gaza de 2023 permite profundizar en los clivajes que estructuran la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil marroquí.
Libia y la agresión contra Gaza. Fervor popular y maniobras oficiales en la sombra
Authors: De Argüelles Álvaro , Gutiérrez de Terán Gómez-Benita Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Palestina ha jugado siempre un rol relevante en la política exterior libia. Durante los primeros años en el poder de Muamar al-Gadafi, la lucha por la emancipación palestina se presentaba como la síntesis de los intereses árabes, musulmanes y del Tercer Mundo frente a la amenaza del imperialismo. A finales de los noventa, cuando el desmoronamiento de la URSS y la caída de los precios del petróleo fuerzan a Libia a transformar radicalmente su política exterior, la propuesta para la creación de una “Isratina” árabe y judía sirve a Gadafi para evidenciar su voluntad de acuerdo con Occidente, mientras que se producen los primeros contactos entre representantes libios e israelíes. En el escenario posterior a la guerra civil, y especialmente tras la llegada del primer ministro Abdel Hamid Dbaiba en 2021, queda patente que las élites en ambas mitades del país desean normalizar las relaciones con Israel a expensas del sentimiento popular mayoritario. La actual agresión contra Gaza ha puesto un freno temporal a unos acercamientos vinculados al sector energético y que, de consolidarse, podrían derivar en enfrentamientos armados.
Banderas, sandías y otros frutos: los símbolos nacionales de la matria palestina
Authors: Fonseca Azuara Clarisa Danae
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo examina los símbolos nacionales de la matria palestina, resaltando su diversidad y trascendencia más allá de las expresiones convencionales debido a la prohibición y censura impuestas por la ocupación israelí. Exploramos su arraigo histórico y conexión emocional con la comunidad palestina. Además, analizamos el impacto de la prohibición en la construcción de narrativas nacionales y el papel crucial de las mujeres en la preservación de estos símbolos. El estudio revela la vitalidad y dinamismo de los símbolos nacionales palestinos en un contexto de adversidad y censura.
Desinformación en el mundo islámico . Análisis desde el factchecking internacional de contenidos
Authors: Valle de Frutos Sonia
Published: December 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la desinformación actual sobre el islam desde la verificación de contenidos, tomando como punto de partida una revisión sobre etapas del estudio de la imagen del islam desde los medios de comunicación occidentales. Incorporando la verificación de datos mediante la herramienta Factcheck tools, se concluye que, tras el análisis de 270 contenidos sobre el mundo islámico en lengua inglesa y española, hay concentración de factcheckers en India y España, donde aprecian dos tipos de contenidos, uno de rechazo implícito y otro de rechazo latente hacia la comunidad musulmana, fundamental para prevención de conflictos.
On the aerodynamic improvement of aircraft gas-turbine engine air intakes
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Kvasha Yu. A. , Petrushenko N.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the development of approaches to the aerodynamic improvement of aircraft gas-turbine engine inlet devices. Air intakes, which are the main components thereof, must provide a sufficiently uniform flow at the compressor inlet. The goal of the work is to computationally assess the effect of the shape of the air intake duct midline on nonuniformity in the distribution of the flow parameters over the outlet cross-section.
As the basic tool, a numerical simulation of 3D turbulent gas flows on the basis of the complete averaged Navier–Stokes equations and a two-parameter turbulence model was used. For one of the air intake configurations for an aircraft turboprop engine, the effect of the shape of the air intake duct midline on nonuniformity in the flow parameter distribution over the outlet cross-section was assessed. A numerical simulation of a 3D turbulent flow in the air intake duct showed a significant effect of midline shape variation on the coefficient of nonuniformity of the Mach number and pressure distribution over the outlet cross-section even in the case of fixed coordinates of two chosen points of the line at the duct inlet and outlet and a fixed direction of the line at those points. This makes it possible to reduce the coefficient of nonuniformity by choosing an appropriate midline shape. On the whole, this work shows that the shape of the air intake duct midline is an important factor, accounting for which allows one to reduce nonuniformity in the flow parameter distribution at the duct inlet without going beyond the design constraints on the air intake dimensions and flow inlet and outlet angles. The reliability of the results is provided by the consideration of a real-life air intake design and the use of the authors’ repeatedly verified method of numerical simulation. The results may be used in the aerodynamic improvement of aircraft gas-turbine engine inlet devices.
Statistical calculation of the force load exerted by the combustion products of low-thrust engines on the spacecraft surface
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Pecherytsia L.L.
Published: December 2024

This paper is concerned with an aerodynamic calculation of supersonic gas jet flows and the determination of the force exerted by them of t on obstacles in the flow. The goal of the paper is the application of the test particle method, which is a variant of the Monte Carlo method, to the numerical simulation of control engine jets and the determination of their effect on spacecraft elements and surrounding environment.
Using the test particle method, for typical operating conditions a study was conducted on the effect of spacecraft control engines on the operation of a Cubsat spacecraft in the form of a right hexagonal prism with control engines along the upper and lower belts of its perimeter with axes parallel to the solar panels and inclined at an angle of 300 to their surface.
For the specific gas mass flux, the normal pressure, and the tangential stress, their maximum values and the distribution over the solar panel surface were determined. The calculated results obtained for each component of the efflux products followed by their superposition were compared with those obtained for the total efflux density of the gas mixture and the averaged characteristics of the combustion products determined in proportion to their mass fraction. To check the introduced geometry of engine arrangement and orientation with respect to the solar panels, distribution fields were constructed for the distribution of the gas mass flux algorithm over the solar panel surface and the dimensionless density logarithm over computation region cross-sections.
This study shows that the test particle method may be used in the solution of numerous fundamental and applied problems in gas jet dynamics. This use of the test particle method in the aerodynamic calculation of spacecraft control engine gas jets is the first in Ukraine.
Drag coefficients of simple-geometry rough bodies
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Yurkov B.V. , Voronovskyi D.K. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Tokmak M.A. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Nosikov S.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

This paper considers the effect of the surface roughness of Kapton-H polyimide, a typical structural material for the outer surfaces of spacecraft, on the drag coefficients of bodies with simple geometric shapes (a sphere, a cylinder, and a cone). Kapton-H is a benchmark material used in testing polymers for resistance to long-term exposure to the near-satellite environment. The Kapton-H roughness is low. However, during the operation in very low Earth orbits (VLEOs), the roughness of polymers significantly increases. When polymers interact with atoms and molecules of the near-satellite environment, their momentum and energy accommodation coefficients change. As a result, the spacecraft component drag coefficients change too.
The need for studying the drag coefficients of rough bodies with simple geometric shapes stems from the current trends in space research, in particular the need for a long operation of spacecraft in VLEOs at altitudes from 170 km to 300 km, where spacecraft are exposed to hypersonic atomic oxygen (AO) flows with an annual fluence from 1?10?? atoms O/cm? to 1?10?? atoms O/cm?. These conditions significantly affect the service performance of spacecraft, especially those of the structural materials of their outer surfaces, among which polymers play an important role. Exposure to atomic oxygen degrades polymer materials, which manifests itself in changes in the surface structure, roughness, and erosion depth. This, in turn, leads to changes in the aerodynamic and thermal characteristics and the processes of polymer surface – AO interaction.
In particular, changes in the surface roughness of materials change important parameters, such as the solar absorptance and the AO-to-surface momentum and energy transfer coefficients. At the same time, these coefficients depend on the AO fluence, the surface roughness, and the angle between the oxygen atom velocity and the normal to the body surface. All these factors govern changes in the thermal conditions and aerodynamic characteristics of spacecraft in VLEOs, which is crucial for a long-term spacecraft operation.
Changes in the drag coefficients and thermal conditions of spacecraft surfaces affect the service life of spacecraft. The presented results are of practical importance in selecting polymer materials for spacecraft’s outer surfaces at the design stage.
Study of a paste-propellant engine rocket engine start-up
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Vasyliv S.S. , Bondarenko S.G. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Muzyka L.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Paste-propellant rocket engines combine the advantages of liquid and solid propellants, so their use may improve the engine performance characteristics and expand the application fields of rocket hardware. However, they are still at the stage of experimental prototype development. Many technical and technological problems arise on the way of prototyping an engine of this type. Designing a paste-propellant engine involves determining the paste flow rate that provides a given design pressure in the chamber during combustion. Experiments are not always a success. Nevertheless, they give information on the behavior of the system in extreme conditions, thus increasing the value of the data. The goal of this work is to study the start-up of a paste-propellant engine and identify an additional condition for its operability.
The paper analyzes the results of firing tests of a model paste-propellant rocket engine and puts forward two hypotheses on the possible behavior of its start-up. It is shown that when the paste flows through the branched area of the feed duct, the density of its components may vary in an unwanted manner. This may decrease the critical diameter of the detonating charge down to values provided in the model engine, which might be responsible for the observed failure. Besides, there are other reasons for a similar behavior of the propulsion system. To draw general conclusions from the observed failure of the engine, the engine start-up process was simulated for the two hypothetical cases to get the time dependence of the pressure during start-up. The results confirm the hypothesis that a detonation process occurred in the above-described experiment. Based on the results of this study, one more condition is formulated for the design of a paste-propellant rocket engine to be correct. The presented technique allows one to supplement the calculation so as to design a paste-propellant engine with account for its features.
Development of an Inclusive Demographic Survey for Clinical Care and Research
Authors: Nguyen-Kearns Elizabeth , Burgara Jacqueline , Hajikedir Dureti , Nguyen Tommy , Wingfield Elizabeth , Liljenquist Kendra , Desai Arti D.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

There is a need to accurately capture family demographic information to ensure appropriate delivery of services, optimize patient experiences, and examine health disparities; however, we lack a standardized and inclusive approach to collect demographic data. Our objective was to design a set of inclusive survey items for common demographic categories that can be used for clinical care and research.

METHODS

In this prospective, mixed-methods study, we used a rigorous survey design approach to conduct a literature review, seek expert validation, and perform cognitive pretesting with families between October 2021 and September 2023 to iteratively develop an inclusive demographic survey. Survey iterations were made based on triangulation of rankings for each candidate survey item and content analysis of feedback from content experts and families.

RESULTS

We incorporated 21 sources from the literature review, feedback from 7 content experts, and cognitive pretesting data from 57 patient and family respondents from diverse backgrounds. We developed a final survey assessing the following categories: gender identity and sex (2 items), race and ethnicity identity (1 item), language for care (4 items), household education (1 item), and household socioeconomic status (1 item). The final survey captures nuances in demographic information (eg, racial and ethnic identity) within a parsimonious survey structure and optimizes the use of respectful, inclusive language.

CONCLUSIONS

We used a rigorous, family-centered survey design approach to develop a novel inclusive demographic survey, providing a standardized tool for comprehensive and accurate demographic data collection in clinical care and research.
STAND FOR FIRE TESTS OF LOW-THRUST LIQUID ROCKET ENGINES WITH SIMULATION OF VACUUM CONDITIONS
Authors: Bakun V.A. , Marynoshenko O.P.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the technical aspects and design solutions of a specialized stand designed for fire tests of low-thrust liquid rocket engines operating on self-igniting fuel components. A feature of the stand is the possibility of simulating vacuum conditions, which makes it possible to bring the testing of rocket engines closer to the real conditions of outer space, where there is no atmospheric environment. This makes it possible to obtain reliable data about the operation of engines in different operating modes, which is important for further research or refinement of the geometry of the product design.
The stand is equipped with a complex of auxiliary systems, in particular, an automated measurement and information system, which ensures control over the supply of fuel and oxidizer components in accordance with the specified engine operation cycle. This theoretically allows testing in a wide range of traction characteristics, from 10 to 400 N, as well as in various operating modes, in particular, continuous and pulsed. Due to this, the stand can be used for testing various structural solutions of liquid engines and thus increase their reliability and efficiency.
The key feature of the stand is the automatic recording of engine parameters, which allows you to determine the energy characteristics in real time, as well as to record the main parameters of the product. The received data are also processed and visualized in formats convenient for analysis, which greatly facilitates their further analysis and interpretation. This approach contributes to a better understanding of intra-chamber combustion processes and the dynamics of engine operation, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the results and quickly adjust the cyclogram or test parameters.
The stand successfully passed fire tests with a liquid rocket engine designed for a thrust of 200 N. The test results confirmed the stand's ability to ensure the stable operation of all control and measurement systems, as well as the necessary rarefaction of the working volume of the vacuum chamber to create a vacuum. These results allow us to consider the stand as an effective tool for research and validation of new technologies in the field of liquid rocket engines.
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND ANALOGIES IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION, LEARNING, PATTERN RECOGNITION, OPTIMIZATION AND SIMILAR PROBLEMS OF FLIGHT CONTROL
Authors: Ignatkin V. U. , Dudnikov V. S. , Shulzhyk Y. O. , Yushkevich O. P.
Published: December 2024

Using the method of mathematical programming and stochastic approximation, the development of algorithms for solving the problems of adaptation, learning, pattern recognition, identification and other similar problems of aircraft control is shown.
In control theory, the optimization task is reduced to determining the extrema of various quality functionals, and with the help of calculus of variations, this task is simplified to finding the extrema of some functions. In the general case, the quality functional is given by the mathematical expectation for some arguments of some functions of these arguments.
The property of adaptation consists in continuously obtaining information and using it to improve working conditions or a quality criterion. In the general sense, adaptation is considered as successive approximation or iteration. When adding constraints to adaptation algorithms, the method of Lagrange multipliers is used.
The basic principle of pattern recognition is to construct surfaces that divide hyperspace into a finite number of regions, each of which has its own image. And after the process of learning and "recognition" means that the known types will be correctly assigned to one of the known classes of objects. The article presents a pattern recognition algorithm.
Identification is characterized as the determination of static and dynamic properties of the controlled process (object) and external disturbances acting on the process (object). The process (object) identification algorithm is presented.
It is also about optimal filtering, which requires the use of an adaptive algorithm. The optimal weight function of the filter is presented.
The article also considers the issue of dual control and presents a block diagram that implements this control.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRYOGENIC STRUCTURES OF ROCKET AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY FROM POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Manko T.A. , Khoroshilov V.S. , Litot O.V. , Murashko V.V.
Published: December 2024

The modern state of technologies for manufacturing cryogenic structures of rocket and space technology from polymer composite materials is studied. The application of composites based on carbon fibers in the creation of fuel tank structures for cryogenic fuel components: liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX). An analysis of the world state of modern technologies for the manufacture of cryogenic structures of rocket and space technology from polymer composite materials has been carried out. Prospective and experimental examples of the worlds leading companies were considered, as well as the trend in the development of technologies and methods of their creation was determined. The requirements and technological parameters of the process of forming large-sized products by automated production methods from polymer composite materials are defined. Prospective areas of development have been identified, such as automated tape laying (ATL - Automated Tape Laying) and fibers (AFP – Automated Fiber Placement), which allow the implementation of modern technologies and materials in rocket engineering, which allows adapting composites, including for work in a cryogenic environment . The promising technologies considered are sufficiently productive and meet the requirements for mass production. The implementation of new methods of automated laying of tape and fibers made it possible to research and implement new combinations of materials, and to use a wide range of them in solving the tasks. The wide distribution of classic technologies for obtaining products from polymer composite materials by the method of wet and dry winding is noted.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR SMALL SPACE VEHICLES
Authors: Chorna V. M. , Karpovych O.V.
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the prospects of using electric propulsion engines for small spacecraft, the current state of research, practical applications, and future directions in this field. Electric propulsion systems have several advantages over conventional chemical engines, including higher specific impulse, longer lifespan, and reduced fuel consumption. These advantages make electric propulsion systems particularly suitable for small satellites operating in low Earth orbit (LEO), where maintaining stability and maneuverability is crucial. The aim of this article is to analyze the current state of electric propulsion systems for small spacecraft, identify existing challenges, and outline future research pathways. The most promising technologies include Hall effect thrusters, plasma engines, and microelectric engines. To fully realize the benefits of electric propulsion technologies, issues such as energy availability, system integration, and standardization must be addressed. Future research should prioritize the development of hybrid systems that combine electric propulsion with innovative solutions for power generation, thereby enhancing the operational capabilities of small satellites. As the demand for satellite capabilities continues to grow, improving electric propulsion systems will enhance their reliability and performance, as well as the operational capabilities of small satellites.
Ética em pesquisas na Educação Infantil
Authors: Côco Valdete , Scalabrin Coutinho Angela , Côco Dilza , Da Silva Mello André
Published: December 2024

Este estudo focaliza abordagens à docência em pesquisas com atenção às perspectivas (com seus procedimentos e instrumentos) de interação com os/ as profissionais e seu trabalho na Educação Infantil. Com referenciais teórico- -metodológicos bakhtinianos (em especial nas observações sobre as ciências humanas), tem como objetivo conectar três dimensões ligadas ao contexto dos desafios implicados com o reconhecimento do trabalho docente, aos princípios e às normativas referentes à ética em pesquisa e às estratégias de ação dirigidas à interação com a docência. Em diálogo com um grupo de pesquisas selecionadas, como resultados destaca-se a complexidade das discussões sobre produção de conhecimentos (com)partilhados entre pesquisadores e docentes no contexto do trabalho institucional. Com isso, problematiza-se as (in)visibilidades de autoria, em suas interfaces com a produção de (re)conhecimento social, no horizonte do direito à formação articulado à afirmação dos/as docentes e de seu trabalho (com e por suas próprias vozes) no bojo da luta pela expansão e qualificação da Educação Infantil.
“ICODE Hip US Calculator”: a mobile phone aid for screening with Graf ’s sonographic technique
Authors:   Imaging/Radiology, Vioapeikonisi Imaging Laboratory and Asklepieon Medical Clinic, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Chlapoutakis Konstantinos , O’Beirne Joseph , Dubs Beat ,   Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland,   Sonography Institute Glattpark, Thurgauerstr. 105 & Sonografie-Institut Glattpark GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland, Maizen Claudia ,   Paediatric Orthopaedics, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Placzek Sonja ,   Medical Examination Center, Deutsche Rentenversicherung Rheinland, Düsseldorf, Germany, Tzatzairis Themistoklis ,   Orthopaedics, TheMIS Orthopaedic Center, Thessaloniki, Greece, Casini Carolina ,   Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, Roma, Italy
Published: December 2024

Aim: Aiming to offer a diagnostic tool to aid examiners with correct hip typing and decision-making about patient management, members of the Board of the International Interdisciplinary Consensus Committee on DDH Evaluation (ICODE – https://www.icode.expert), introduced the cross-platform mobile appli- cation (Android and iOS) called “ICODE Hip US Calculator”. Material and methods: The examination steps of Graf ’s hip sonography technique were converted into computer code and formed the basis for the development of a mobile phone application. An algorithmic approach, based on a series of conditional sentences, was followed for the development of the application (e.g. if ... and ... or ... then). Coding of the algorithm was carried out by a Greek software development company. Results: A cross-platform mobile phone application which calculates Graf ’s hip type (according to the date of birth, the date of examination, and the alpha and beta angles) was constructed. The calculated hip type is then linked to simple manage- ment recommendations (discharge, rescan, refer). Conclusions: “ICODE Hip US Calculator” may be used by trained health professionals to help them decide upon the hip type and the management of the baby after the scan. Hip typing is precisely calculated, and management proposals are simple and straightfor- ward. This means that the application may be used in screening settings to help with patient management, increase the examiner’s confidence, and improve patient flow.
Changes in textural parameters and microstructure of kombucha fresh cheese initiated by the addition of wild thyme
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Food Preservation Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Degenek Jovana
Published: December 2024

Using kombucha as a starter culture led to the successful production of fresh cheese in earlier research. Innovations in the dairy industry, the growing concept of circular economy and consumer demand for functional foods with extended shelf life led to the improvement of kombucha fresh cheese by adding wild thyme as a natural preservative. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of wild thyme in the form of ground supercritical fluid extract and dry extract on the physicochemical and textural properties as well as the microstructure of fresh kombucha cheese during a thirty-day storage period. In terms of physicochemical properties, the greatest change was observed in the total protein content of the kombucha fresh cheese sample with the dry extract of wild thyme (from 23.21±0.15 to 23.77±0.24 %). In terms of textural properties, the greatest change was observed as a decrease in firmness in the control sample (from 5137.93±43.20 to 1955±16.39 g). PCA analysis showed that the pH values, which were determined for all samples after production, had the greatest influence on their firmness and work of shear. A slight disintegration of the kombucha fresh cheese structure was observed, due to the influence of storage time, proteolysis and the activity of the bioactive components of wild thyme.
A time series analysis of monthly Holstein milk yield and composition in a hot environment
Authors:   Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, Mexico, Chavarría Irene
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal stress on milk yield and milk composition using the time series approach to forecast the trend of daily milk yield and milk components in Holstein cows in a hot-arid environment. Also, this study evaluated the effect of season on the microbiology of raw bulk Holstein cow milk. The obtained data comprised the average daily milk yield, composition, and bacterial counts from a single high-input dairy herd in northern Mexico, registered for seven consecutive years (2014-2020). The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) procedure showed a distinct pattern for the daily milk yield. A two-year forecasting showed 8.4 kg difference in daily milk yield between winter and summer months. The predicted future values based on past values showed that milk solids were highest in January (12.09 %; CI= 11.86-12.31 %) and the lowest in August (12.02; CI= 11.75-12.29). The mean predicted fat content was highest in January (3.60 %; CI= 3.48-3.71 %) and lowest in July (3.44%; CI= 3.29-3.59 %). Following the repeated observations, forecasting values for milk protein percentage were 3.22 % (CI=3.15-3.28 %) in January and 3.07 (CI=2.98-3.1) in April. The ARIMA method forecasted milk lactose as highest in January (4.87 %; CI=4.79-4.95) and lowest in June (4.77 %; 4.68-4.86 %). Standard plate count was higher (p<0.01) in autumn and winter than spring and summer. During winter, the average thermoduric count (TDC) in raw bulk milk was higher (12.5±2.01) compared with TDC in the spring (9.7±1.5; p<0.01). The somatic cell count did not differ between seasons. The coliform bacteria count was highest in autumn (77.8±28.3 cfu/mL; p<0.01) and lowest in spring (53.7 1.3 cfu/mL). It was concluded that hotter months diminished daily milk yield and its components. The ARIMA model can be used to accurately forecast daily milk yield and composition, which would allow to develop long-term strategies for managing milk production.
Eardrum perforations and tissue engineering in in vivo models: a systematic review
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez F. , Martin-Piedra M.A.
Published: December 2024

The tympanic membrane stands as a border between the middle and the outer ear, playing a leading role in hearing. It consists of several layers that among other functions allow sound waves to properly go through. However, this membrane is vulnerable to injury. In this matter tympanic perforations stand out as the disease with a higher prevalence due to eardrum damage.
Treatment for these perforations can go from observation to surgical procedures such as tympanoplasty. However, these procedures often cope up with issues such as recurrences as well as hardships in healing. On the other hand, tissue engineering and advanced therapies are rising as promising options, as they allow the use of biomaterials and/or cells to improve the regeneration of damaged tissue. In this sense, it has been carried out a systematic review of the recent scientific literature regarding the status of these therapies in the treatment of tympanic perforations in in vivo models.
Bioinformatically analyzed relationships between specific human genes associated with HIV attachment
Authors: Davydenko Vladimir S. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Schemelev A. N. , Anufrieva E. V. , Kushnareva V. V. , Totolian A. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Assessing interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human factors is crucial for understanding the disease pathogenesis. HIV triggers an immune response that involves numerous cellular and molecular processes related to inflammation, cell migration, and disrupted tissue barrier functions. Such reactions build up a cascade in which chemokines and cognate co-receptors, as well as other molecules regulating the immune response, play a key role. However, the interaction between HIV and the human organism cannot be reduced to a simple mechanism because it represents a multilayered system where crucial molecules and events may be unknown or require further study. Objective: to assess a significance of candidate genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of HIV infection during the phase of viral attachment to cell, based on assessing gene expression, localization, and involvement in biological pathways and processes. Materials and methods. The study compared the characteristics of the 100 most promising candidate genes (CG) according to the HumanNet web resource with background genes (CCR5, CXCR4, CCR2, CD4), known to be reliably linked to HIV attachment. Expression data, localization, and involvement in various cellular pathways and processes for the candidate and background genes were analyzed. A scoring system was developed to assess the significance of each gene in the context of its role in immune and inflammatory responses. Results. A total of 100 candidate genes were analyzed. Using the developed scoring system, a number of genes were identified as significant based on the analyzed parameter: 17 candidates — significant by expression profile; 7 — by localization; 17 — by involvement in biological pathways; and 25 — by involvement in biological processes. The final ranking revealed 55 candidate genes. The identified candidate genes were classified into the following functional groups: chemokine co-receptors and their ligands; genes and proteins associated with G-proteins; and a group for which a common functional role or family could not be established. Conclusions. The identified correlations between the candidate genes and background genes highlight the need to further investigate CG interactions in HIV pathogenesis allowing for a more detailed assessment of the contribution of both individual genes and entire systems, which, in the future, will expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind HIV infection and, hypothetically, accelerate the discovery of new (or the expansion of existing) therapeutic models.
Engineering properties of biodegradable vertical drains for soft ground improvement
Authors: Yuan W. , Ying Z. , Su Y.-Q. , Wang Q. , Chen S. , Deng Y.-F.
Published: December 2024

The vertical drainage consolidation method is widely employed for soft ground improvement, traditionally using prefabricated plastic vertical drains (PPVDs) to facilitate effective pore water discharge. However, the non-biodegradable nature of PPVDs poses environmental challenges and complicates subsequent construction activities. To address these issues, natural prefabricated vertical drains (NPVDs) and prefabricated straw vertical drains (PSVDs) have emerged as sustainable alternatives. This study reviews the chemical composition, discharge capacity, tensile strength, and biodegradability of PPVDs, NPVDs, and PSVDs. The results demonstrate that PSVDs exhibit superior drainage performance due to their robust rectangular channels, while NPVDs degrade more rapidly under microbial and chemical influences. Although biodegradation benefits the environment, there is an associated decline in drainage efficiency. However, the field test shows that the degradation of NPVD and PSVD has no significant effect on soil consolidation. Future research should prioritize material optimization to balance biodegradability and durability, conduct long-term performance evaluations under varying environmental conditions, and integrate numerical simulations with field monitoring to predict the lifespan and effectiveness of NPVDs and PSVDs in practical applications. These findings underscore the potential of biodegradable drains as a sustainable solution for soft ground improvement while addressing critical challenges in material performance and environmental impact.
Auf der Suche nach Beiruts Klang
Authors: Abbani: Diana
Published: December 2024

Im Jahr 1936 veröffentlichte der Journalist Karam al-Bustani in der Beiruter Tageszeitung Lisan al-Hal (Die Stimme des Augenblicks) einen Artikel mit dem Titel «Das Lied, das wir uns heute wünschen». Sein Text ist ein Plädoyer für einen neuen musikalischen Ausdruck, der den Wandel und die sozialen Veränderungen in der Stadt widerspiegelt. Er bittet die Künstler um «Lieder, die unsere Situation beschreiben, die ausdrücken, was unsere Herzen bewegt, die unseren Geschmack treffen und die Akkorde unserer Gefühle anschlagen». Seine Kritik ist ein Spiegel zeitgenössischer Diskussionen über musikalische Ausdrucksformen der Stadt Beirut, die im Jahr 1920 die Hauptstadt des unter französischem Mandat stehenden Libanon geworden war. Wie viele Intellektuelle der Zeit fragte sich al-Bustani, was Beirut zu einer attraktiven Metropole der Moderne machen könnte: Waren es die populären Kabaretts und Nachtclubs oder eher die an eine schmale Bildungselite gerichteten Verlage, Universitäten und anspruchsvollen Konzerte?
FEATURES OF ONE-SIDED WELDING OF BIMETALLIC PIPES FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Authors: Khudyakov A.O. , Abdulmanov D.A.
Published: December 2024

During one sided welding of bimetallic pipes with combined welding materials (the root layer of the weld is made of high-alloyed corrosion-resistant materials, the filling and facing layers are made of low-alloyed materials) transition layer is formed. This layer has an extremely high hardness and tendency to crack formation, low ductility and impact toughness. To prevent the formation of a brittle transition layer, currently the entire weld is performed using expensive high-alloyed corrosion-resistant welding materials. That is why the search for technological solutions that allow obtaining a transition layer with satisfactory properties and performing one-sided welding of bimetal pipes using combined welding materials is a very urgent task. In this research a technological solution has been found for making a transition layer during one-sided welding of bimetallic pipes, which ensures the required level of hardness and mechanical characteristics of the welded joint. Welded joints of bimetallic pipes made using the experimental technology have a high level of strength and viscoplastic properties. The developed technology for welding bimetallic pipes allows reducing the cost of welding materials by 3–7 times, depending on the thickness of the welded pipes.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS IN ESTIMATING RESIDUAL RESOURCE OF FIELD GATHERING SYSTEMS
Authors: Vydrenkov A.D. , Chizhevskaya E.L. , Bagin D.E. , Zemenkova M.Yu.
Published: December 2024

A model for predictive monitoring of the residual resource and its algorithm are presented, a mathematical apparatus for machine learning systems based on gradient boosting for reliability assessment is proposed, and recommendations for implementation in production are given. It is shown that the model proposed for implementation captures a large number of factors affecting the pipeline, is adaptive and less susceptible to the influence of erroneous values due to data preprocessing mechanisms. A direct comparison of actual data with existing methods for determining the residual resource, as well as with the developed algorithm, is performed, the results of the comparison indicate a higher convergence of the developed model with the actual data. In addition, further possible options for developed models in order to improve the accuracy of the predicted results are reflected.
Comparative analysis of polarization processes in composite compounds based on polycrystalline lead orthoplumbate
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, GRABKO G.I.
Published: December 2024

A comparative study of the time dependences of the dark current flowing through metal-dielectric-metal structures based on the polycrystalline lead orthoplumbate Pb3O4 with various binders was carried out depending on the electric field strength and temperature. The obtained data indicate the influence of the binder on the potential barriers at the boundary between the crystallite grains and the dielectric interlayers of the binding material. The discussion of the observed effects is carried out within the framework of the relay mechanism of charge transfer.
Analytical determination of the best form of flow around bodies in a viscous continuum
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), GLADKOV S.O. , NAGIBIN N.S. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: December 2024

With the help of the Prandtl equation and the methods of the calculus of variations, equations have been obtained that make it possible to analytically determine the type of contour for which the drag force becomes the smallest when flowing around a viscous flow. It has been rigorously proven analytically that the longitudinal cross-sections of sections of the well-streamlined bodies can have different forms depending on the Reynolds number. The equations found are numerically analyzed and graphically illustrated.
Neutron diffraction study of formation of long-range order in titanium carbide TiC0.60
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, KHIDIROV I. , PARPIEV A.S. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: December 2024

A neutron diffraction study of cubic titanium carbide TiC0.6 was carried out during the disorder-order phase transition. It has been shown that during the disorder-order phase transition in titanium carbide TiC0.60 at a temperature of 900 K, the degree of long-range order rapidly approaches the value η = 0.62 during the first 38 hours. With a further increase in the annealing time to 240 hours, it tends to the value η = 0.65 without reaching the theoretical maximum value η = 0.80. In this case, the sizes of antiphase domains, nonlinearly increasing with the annealing time for 240 hours, become equal to ~ 29 nm.
The discursive concept “surrogate motherhood” in Russian media
Authors:   Ural State University, Enina Lidia V. , Polyakova Irina G. ,   Ural State University
Published: December 2024

The article aims to explore the topic of surrogate motherhood in Russian media discourse and identify its key values. The research material is contemporary Russian media texts and letters received by the NGO Russian Association of Human Reproduction (RAHR). The research methodology is rooted in the constructivist approach and a theoretical study into the notion of discursive concept. The leading method of material analysis is critical discourse analysis combined with several specific linguistic methods. The discursive concept “surrogate motherhood” is represented in all segments of Russian media. The concept is structured by the main role positions of the surrogate motherhood participants: childless parents, doctor, gestational mother, child. The role positions are described according to the media format. Letters received by RAHR contribute to the following conclusions: the concept “surrogate motherhood” is structured by the discursive practices of the self-description of the childless women’s (spouses’) role position with the emphasis on “inferiority complex due to the absence of children”, ways of describing the role position of the gestational mother as a reward-based voluntary assistant, a role position of the child as a desirable object for family happiness. The news segment describes the concept’s role positions within the framework of intentional or unintentional crime. Journalists tend to give the floor to law enforcement agencies as well as to suspects and their lawyers. In leisure media, the parents’ role position is represented by celebrities identified as “happy”; an alternative is a role position of a “single father” having a close emotional connection with children that contradicts the conservative viewpoint of the family. In analytical publications, the role position of a “gestational mother” is represented in the first person; it is revealed only through positive experience. The role position of a “child” actualizes three different interpretations of the axiological meaning. An ethical problem of stigmatization of children born with the help of ART has been found in the leisure media. A comparison of letters received by RAHR and journalist texts showed that the role position of a “child” as a desirable object for family happiness is consistent with the idea of solving the demographic problem of the state. The discursive concept “surrogate motherhood” is included into public space, but there is no value polarization in its understanding.