bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Peroxide for Insect and Algae Control in a Lettuce Hydroponic Environment
Authors: Caixeta Vanessa Meireles , Da Mata Adriano De Souza Pereira , Curvêlo Carmen Rosa da Silva , Tavares Wagner De Souza , Ferreira Luiz Leonardo , Pereira Alexandre Igor Azevedo
Published: July 2018

Insects and algae demonstrate adaptability in hydroponic environments. Algae attract flies, Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Scatella stagnalis (Diptera: Ephydridae), called fungus gnats and shore fly, respectively. Flies feed on algae, damaging seedlings radicellae, and may transmit pathogens to lettuce plants. Little information on the management of flies and algae is known. A paradox in the face of the expansion of hydroponics. The objective was to evaluate the potential of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an insecticide and algaecide agent. Entomopathogenic fungi were also evaluated as an alternative control to flies. The experiment was conducted in a commercial hydroponic system under a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments, sprayed on the phenolic foam plates, immediately after lettuce seed deposition, were: H2O2, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Spinosyn and water, as control. The quality of the lettuce seedlings (cv. Brida), the presence of flies and algae evolution in the phenolic foam plates were recorded daily. H2O2 and Spinosyn affected lettuce seed germination, but were able to reduce adult flies on the phenolic foam cells. The highest number of larvae was observed with both fungi, and only water, compared to H2O2. No larvae were found in Spinosyn sprayed phenolic foam cells. However, lettuce seedlings from Spinosyn sprayed plates were those with lower fresh weight. H2O2 severely retained algae infestation in phenolic foam cells over a 15-day observation period. The present work demonstrates the potential that H2O2 can play as an insecticidal and algaecide agent in hydroponic environments.
A method for Rearing Perch, Perca fluviatilis, Larvae Using Paramecium caudatum, Followed by Wild Zooplankton and Formulated Dry Feed in Combination With Adequate Tank Systems
Authors: Lahnsteiner Franz , Kletzl Manfred
Published: July 2018

The present study investigates methods for larviculture and fingerling production in the European perch, Perca fluviatilis. Perch larvae in the stage of first feeding were sensitive to many manipulations necessary in fish culture. Lowering and increasing the tank water level as required for cleaning and water renewal, water flow and aeration led to disturbed buoyancy or mortality in a distinct percentage of larvae. Paramecium caudatum, wild zooplankton containing > 70% copeopds, and formulated dry feed were used for first feeding in combination with flow through tanks or static tanks. For first feeding Paramecium caudatum in combination with a static tank system was optimal resulting in survival rates of circa 90% at 15 days post hatch (dph). Wild zooplankton was no optimal starter feed as perch fed non-selectively on any feed particle available. This resulted in moderate survival rates of circa 50% at 15 dph. First feeding with formulated dry feed caused malformations (enlargement of swimbladders) and a high mortality of > 80%. Weaning from Paramecium caudatum to formulated dry feed and to zooplankton was tested on 8-16 dph larvae. Perch accepted the new food type within 3 days. The optimal time point for zooplankton weaning was 12 dph. In this age larvae had developed a selective feeding behaviour, and fed mainly on nauplii and copepodites. Weaning to formulated dry feed was impossible as larvae developed malformations resulting in high mortality as described above. Weaning from wild zooplankton to formulated dry feed was possible for larvae ≥ 29 dph. No cannibalism was observed in the experiments. The method was also tested in large scale experiments resulting in a survival rate of 65±4%, a total length of 45.0±7.2 mm, and a body weight of 1097±293 mg at 75 dph.
Detection of Aflatoxin Contamination of Dairy Production Chain in the Northwest Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Wolkmer Patricia , Araldi Daniele Furian , Do Prado Josué Olivo Oliveira , Carnelosso Camila Da Rosa , Muhl Jaine , Hasan Jamile , Palma Heloisa , Siqueira Lucas Carvalho
Published: July 2018

The present study evaluates levels of aflatoxin contamination involving small dairy farms from the in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objectives of this trial is: quantify lactating cow diet and raw for bulk milk Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination; evaluate the use of a mycotoxin adsorbent on cows submitted to semi-confinement raising; and verify the presence of AFM1 contamination on UHT and powdered milk commercialized locally. For this, 17 farms were selected. During the experimental period, every lactating cow on each herd received 50 g/day of a commercial mycotoxin adsorbent for dairy cows (100% bentonite). From each farm, bulk milk, corn silage and concentrate samples were collected for aflatoxin quantification. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in all milk samples examined from each farm, but the levels were within the allowed by the legislation. Aflatoxin B1 was also detected in all samples of corn silage and concentrate. The mycotoxin adsorbent used reduced (p < 0.05) AFM1 contamination in milk. AFM1 milk contamination levels observed on commercialized milk also respected Brazilian requirements. It is possible to conclude that there is a high incidence of Aflatoxin B1 contamination on corn silage and dairy cows concentrates in family farms from South Brazil region. Based on the condition in which the present study was conducted, the use of a mycotoxin adsorbent reduced the levels of AFM in milk in production system. However, the locally produced milk and commercial milk were below the AFM levels accepted by the National Requirements for AFM1 contamination.
Promotion of Seedling Growth and Production of Wheat by Using Trichoderma spp.
Authors: De Oliveira Jessica B. , Muniz Paulo Henrique P. C. , Peixoto Gustavo Henrique S. , De Oliveira Thiago A. S. , Duarte Elizabeth A. A. , Rodrigues Fabricio , Carvalho Daniel Diego C.
Published: July 2018

The fungus Trichoderma spp. is known due to its versatility for promoting crop growth and grain yield, improving the nutrient absorption and increasing the grain yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial strains of Trichoderma spp. and an organomineral fertilizer in the early growth promotion and grain yield of wheat plants. Thus, wheat seeds cv. BRS 264 were treated with 2 mL of a Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 108 conidia mL-1 per 100 g seed) and submitted to growth in laboratory until 8 days after sowing (DAS). In the greenhouse experiment, the seeds were sown in an 8 L pot, which received 4.0 × 108 conidia of Trichoderma per pot. In both evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM), dry root mass (DRM), dry shoot mass (DSM), total biomass (BIO), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and aerial part/root system ratio (AP/RS). In the greenhouse experiment, paniculation and grain yield were evaluated at 110 DAS. The treatments T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 and T. asperellum URM5911 were considered satisfactory, since they provided grain yield superior to 2,000 kg ha-1. In addition, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 provided the best results for PG, RL, SL, TL, FRM, FSM, TFM, DRM, DSM and BIO under greenhouse conditions. The reduced biomass allocation to the root system in seedlings treated with Trichoderma ssp. occurred in the laboratory, which was confirm in greenhouse.
Chemical and Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Different Management With Application of Swine Wastewater
Authors: Matos Maria A. , Colozzi Filho Arnaldo , Andrade Diva S. , Barbosa Graziela M. C. , Goes Kelly C. G. P. de , Lovato Gisele M. , Nogueira Marco A.
Published: July 2018

We evaluated the effects of biannual surface applications of swine wastewater (SWW) for 11 years, on chemical and microbiological attributes of a clay-textured soil under no-tillage (NT) or conventional tillage (CT) in Palotina, Paraná, Brazil. The treatments consisted of SWW doses (split into autumn-winter/spring-summer seasons) totaling 30, 60, 90 or 120 m3 ha-1 year-1, and a control without application, under CT or NT soil managements (SM). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with a split-plot arrangement and four replications, with SM in the plots and the doses of SWW in the subplots. After 11 years of applications of SWW, soil samples were taken at 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm of depth by the end of the winter cover crop, 44 days after the second biannual application. The treatments had only minor effects on the assessed chemical and microbiological soil properties. Available P and NO3--N increased with the doses of SWW at the two upper soil layers, whereas NT decreased NO3--N at 10-20 cm and increased P at 0-10 cm. Zn2+ also increased with the doses of SWW, irrespectively the SM. NT increased the microbial biomass C (MBC) at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm of soil depth, and the microbial quotient (qMic) at 0-10 cm. SM and SWW did not change the densities of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, nitrite-oxidizers or ammonifiers at any soil depth. SM had single effects on organic C, MBC and qMic, whereas SWW had single effect only on Zn2+. Only available P and NO3--N were affected by both SM and SWW. The principal component analysis for chemical and microbiological attributes showed distinct groupings between CT and NT, and SWW rates at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm of soil depths, the most influenced soil layers.
Chamomile Cultivation Submitted to Ultra-diluted Phosphorus Solutions
Authors: Ubessi Cassiane , Da Rosa Valéria Dos Santos , Krysczun Dionatan Ketzer , Carini Fernanda , Tedesco Solange Bósio , Da Silva Cristiane De Bona , Andriolo Jerônimo Luiz
Published: July 2018

Homeopathic medicines may present differentiated responses in the cultivation of medicinal plants, altering the plant metabolism. The aim was to verify and describe the pathogenic symptoms caused by the application of Phosphorus in the cultivation of chamomile, aiming at the production of flowers. Four dynamizations, 3CH, 6CH, 12CH and 30CH (centesimal scale: CH = centesimal hahnemannian), were evaluated in the Mandirituba chamomile cultivar. Control pots received only distilled water and 70% alcohol in the same amount and proportion of homeopathic medicine. The variables analyzed from the harvest of the flowers are related to the parameters of inflorescence and plant production of chamomile. There was no difference between the dynamizations applied for the number of flowers plant-1, dry mass plant-1, dry mass hectare-1, number of branches and plant height. The characters of flowers mass plant-1, and production of fresh and dried flowers did not differ from the averages presented by the witnesses; however, in the 30CH dynamization, values higher than the others were observed, as well as for fresh mass plant-1 and hectare-1. The diameter and the height of the flower expressed better results in the 3CH dynamization. The application of Phosphorus promotes pathogenesis in the cultivation of chamomile with increases in the characters related to the inflorescence.
Effect of the Substrate and Containers in the Initial Growth of Seedlings of Physalis peruviana L.
Authors: Silva J. G. , Lopes K. P. , Paiva F. J. S. , Rodrigues M. H. B. S. , Nóbrega J. S.
Published: July 2018

Physalis peruviana L., from the family Solanaceae, is a fruitful species of high nutritional and economic value, incorporated in the category of the small fine fruits in Brazil, and is a promising source of income for small farmers, mainly in the Northeast area. This work aims to evaluate the influence of different substrate and containers in the initial growth of Physalis peruviana L. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized designing. Two types of containers (polypropylene seedling tray of 200 cells and containers of polypropylene of 50 mL) and three compositions of the substrate (commercial substrate Hortiplant®, and ravine soil + sand + organic compost in the proportions 2:1:1 and 2:1:2) were tested. The analyzed variables were: percentage of emergency and emergency velocity index of the plants; height of the plants; the number of leaves; length of the main root; and wet and dry mass of the root and the aerial part at the 30 days after sowing. Analyses of variance were used to test the effects of substrate and containers on the studied variables, and the averages of the studied variables were compared among treatments using the Tukey’s test at 5% of probability. In the greenhouse conditions, Physalis peruviana L. seedlings grow better when sowed in the commercial substrate using the container of polypropylene of 50 mL, resulting in larger seedlings, a larger number of leaves and a proper development of the root system.
Spatial Variability in Stability of Aggregates and Organic Matter of an Oxisol
Authors: De Oliveira Ismênia Ribeiro , Dantas Jussara Silva , Ribeiro Letícia Da Silva , De Azevedo James Ribeiro , Souto Lauter Silva , Da Silva Francisco Alves , De Freitas Diana Ferreira , Amorim Sibele Caroline Pinheiro
Published: July 2018

Soil preparation may break its structure, destabilize the aggregates, and cause the loss of organic matter (OM). The study of spatial variability of soil attributes is an important indicator of soil physical quality. The aim of this study was to describe the spatial variability of the stability of aggregates and organic matter in Oxisol (Yellow Latosol) under different management systems.We collected simple samplings of soil in the eastern mesoregion of Maranhão, Brazil. Experimental areas with two distinct management systems were studied: conventional tillage and no-tillage. In each experimental area, we fitted a rectangular mesh of 50 points with 40m of spacing and 0.00 to 0.20 mof depth. The response variables were: weighted mean diameter (WMD); geometric mean diameter (GMD); percentage of aggregates (on classes of size between 1-2 mm and above 2 mm); and organic matter (OM). The no-tillage management showed high values of WMD, GMD, class of aggregates and OM. Maps of WMD and GMD were spatially correlated to OM map at no-tillage management. Soil properties had a spatial-dependent structure. The management system influenced the stability of aggregates and the amount of organic matter.
Malpighia emaginata D.C. Growth in Several Substrates and Salt Waters
Authors: Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Silva Ivando Comandante Macedo , Da Silva Israel Almeida , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade , De Souza Francisco Marto , De Fátima Reynaldo Teodoro , Ferreira Jean Telvio Andrade , Nascimento Rodrigo Garcia Silva
Published: July 2018

The acerola tree is one of the most promising fruit trees of the Brazilian fruit sector, demanding the development of studies that indicate the proper conditions to improve its production under adverse conditions. Consequently, our purpose was to evaluate the growth of Malpighia emaginata D.C in several substrates and under ascending levels of irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme randomized block design, which comprised four substrates (S1 = soil; S2 = soil with a 10% addition of cattle manure; S3 = soil with a 10% addition of organic compounds; and S4 - soil with a 5% addition of cattle manure and a 5% addition of organic compounds) and five CEa salt levels (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1). The plant height and stem diameter variables were not affected by the studied factors. The interaction between salinity and the substrates affected the root growth and the build-up of the plants’ fresh and dry biomass, resulting in the increase of the values obtained by the substrates containing manure and organic compounds. The seedlings’ quality, represented by the height/stem diameter and aerial part/root dry mass ratios, and by the Dickson quality index, indicated that the plants produced in the substrates 2 and 3 were more vigorous.
Quality of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Determined by the Variability of Climatic Attributes
Authors: Stein Tiago , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Zocche Renata Gimenez Sampaio , Zocche Fernando , Aloy Keila Garcia , Santos Lucas de Vargas dos , Martins Hyoran Caius Genindo Barreto , Lautenchleger Francine , Souza Velci Queiróz de
Published: July 2018

Essential to understand the dynamics responsible for the quality of red wines, the objective of revealing the physico-chemical and climatologic relationships that determine the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon wines. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Dom Pedrito, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the agricultural crop of 2016. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design where the treatments corresponded to nine microvinifications arranged in three replicates. The concentration of total polyphenols in Cabernet Sauvignon red wines is associated with anthocyanins, indices of absorbances of 420 and 520, as well as total acidity. However, the tannins are directly proportional to the total acidity of the wine. Environmental conditions with high rainfall, minimum oscillations in thermal amplitude and incident solar radiation tend to increase the hydrogenionic potential and the absorbance indices of 420 (yellow) and 620 (bluish) red wines of Cabernet Sauvignon. The thermal amplitude was preponderant to elevate levels of anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon wines.
Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses With the Application of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Mazaro Sérgio Miguel , Bertoldo Edson , Dalacosta Nean Locatelli , Borsatti Fabiana Chiamulera , Cruz Mycheli Preuss da , Júnior Américo Wagner , Haas Jucelaine
Published: July 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA) on the maintenance of quality and longevity of cut roses cv. Vega. Cut roses were kept in a vase solution of SA and water at concentrations of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mM. All treatments were kept at 8±2 oC for 96 hours, simulating storage in flower shops; the flowers were then evaluated regarding loss of fresh matter and leaf chlorophyll content and were transferred to beakers containing distilled water at 25±2 ºC for more 144 hours, simulating shelf life. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours from the beginning of the experiment, biochemical analyses of total proteins and the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidases (PO) were performed. Visual analyses were performed (stem curvature, turgescence and petal darkening) every 48 hour intervals until the end of the experiment. The treatments with SA allowed the maintenance of post-harvest quality, reducing the loss of fresh matter mass, lower stem curvature, greater turgescence and less darkening of the petals. The results showed that the application of SA increased total protein contents and FAL, which characterizes the activation of plant defense mechanisms to the senescence process.
Monitoring of Population of Scolytinae in Olive Culture
Authors: Da Silva Jéssica Maus , Costa Ervandil Corrêa , Marques Eli Nunes , Costa Emanuel Arnoni
Published: July 2018

Monitoring of insects is important to analyze the species present in culture of economic interest, to verify the period of highest incidence and quantify the damages caused by the pest insects. Here, we aim to assess the diversity of bark beetles in an olive orchard. The experiment was assessed in fortnightly series throughout a year and conducted with a completely randomized experimental design, consisting of three treatments: T1: homogeneous olive culture; T2: heterogeneous olive culture; T3: border area. An ethanol trap was used for the sampling of bark beetles. The species Hypothenemus eruditus, Xyleborus linearicolis and Hypothenemus seriatus showed greater abundance among the treatments. The decrease of abundance, diversity and dominance of bark beetles occurred in the heterogeneous culture (T2). Homogeneous cultures (T1) are more susceptible to the attack of pest-insects due to the lower ecological balance among associate, predator or parasitoid insects. Border areas (T3) showed an increased diversity of arboreal species, favoring the higher incidence of insects. In spring, there is a greater incidence of bark beetles, what reinforces the need for monitoring during this period. So far, there are no evidences of bark beetles infesting olive trees in the area, or the presence of Phloeotribus scarabaeoides, which is the pest bark beetle of olive cultures.
Morphological and Chemical Analysis of 16 Avocado Accessions (Persea americana) From China by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Ge Yu , Ma Funing , Wu Bin , Tan Lin
Published: July 2018

The physicochemical composition of avocado fruit has been well reported, but there is little detail on Chinese native avocado varieties. The present study investigated the morphological characteristics, oil contents, and fatty acid compositions of 16 avocado accessions grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. Eight fatty acids were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The major fatty acids of avocado pulp were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, accounting for 78-91% of the total fatty acids content. The analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) of the data revealed morphological and chemical differences between most of avocado accessions. Moreover, 16 avocado accessions were distinguished through a PCA scores scatter plot and cluster analysis based on fatty acid profiles. The results identified some remarkable characteristics of avocado accessions from different places of collection.
Effect of Sealing Method and Lighting Candle in Metal Silos on Survival of the Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus Truncatus, in Stored Maize
Authors: Anne Kimani , Tefera Tadele , Florence Olubayo , Dora Kilalo
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sealing methods, grain volume and lighting candle in metal silo for the control of Prostephanus truncatus in stored maize. Metal silos with 100 kilograms holding capacity were loaded with 90 kilograms of grain, in-let and out-let were covered with lids and sealed either with rubber band, grease, rubber band combined with grease and lid without sealing (control). The control suffered highest grain damage of 6.6% and weight loss of 1.9% compared to metal silo sealed using rubber band combined with grease which had grain damage 4.5% and weight loss 0.6%, thirty-five days after storage. Metal silo sealed with rubber band combined with grease had significantly higher CO2 level of 2.1% v/v than the control 0.5% v/v. In a separate experiment, metal silos with: 90 kilograms of grain, with and without lighted candle; 45 kilograms of grain, with and without lighted candle and a polypropylene bag with 90 kilograms of grain were compared. Ninety days after storage, grain stored in all metal silos regardless of grain volume and candle lighting suffered the least weight loss 0.2% to 1.1%, and damage 4.1% to 10.5% compared to grain in polypropylene bags which had the highest loss 7.3% to 25.3% and damage, 28.9% to 37.5%. All metal silos irrespective of grain volume and candle lighting during storage had 100% insect mortality while in control the number of live P. truncatus increased from 100 to 1786, ninety days after storage.  Proper sealing of metal silo with either rubber band or grease and use of lighted candle effectively controlled P. truncatus in stored maize irrespective of grain volume.
Withdrawn and wired: Problematic internet use accounts for the link of neurotic withdrawal to sleep disturbances
Authors: Herlache Anne Danielle , Lang Kathryn M. , Krizan Zlatan
Published: July 2018

Objective

Although neuroticism is the strongest personality predictor of sleep disturbance, it is not clear whether dysphoric (Withdrawal) or angry (Volatility) aspect of neuroticism is more important and whether problematic technology use plays an intervening role. To this end, this study examined distinct contributions of neurotic withdrawal and volatility in predicting self-reported sleep disturbance while testing the mediating role of problematic internet use. Methods: One-hundred and fourty-three college students completed an online survey that included measures of neuroticism, sleep quality, and problematic internet use. Results: Although both aspects of neuroticism predicted poor sleep, Withdrawal emerged as a stronger and the only unique predictor. Furthermore, problematic internet use explained a portion of Withdrawal’s relationship to worse sleep, especially nighttime and daytime disturbances. Discussion: The findings suggest that dysphoric rather than angry features of neuroticism are more important for sleep problems and that the problematic use of modern technology may be an important contributing factor.
Encuesta sobre el Defensor del Pueblo
Authors: Aguiar De Luque Luis , Bassols Coma Martín , Bastida Freijedo Francisco J. , Enériz Olaechea Javier , Ramón Fernández Tomás , García Álvarez Manuel , Gil-Robles y Gil-Delgado Álvaro , Pérez Calvo Alberto
Published: July 2018

Esta encuesta, a la que responden Catedráticos de Derecho Constitucional y Administrativo, así como ex-Defensores del Pueblo, se centra en la figura del Defensor del Pueblo en España, y, más concretamente, en cuestiones tales como la valoración que merece la labor desarrollada por el Defensor del Pueblo desde su creación, la necesidad de coordinación entre los Defensores del Pueblo de los diferentes niveles de organización territorial, su ámbito de actuación, y la posibilidades de mejorar los mecanismos de control de la administración.
El Defensor del Pueblo Europeo, quince años después
Authors: Mellado Prado Pilar
Published: July 2018

El objeto de este trabajo es el estudio del importante papel desarrollado por el Defensor del Pueblo Europeo desde su reconocimiento en el Tratado de la Unión Europea. Esta figura ha hecho posible un mayor acercamiento a los ciudadanos de las instancias decisorias de la Unión, y sobre todo, ha reforzado el sistema de protección de los derechos fundamentales en el ordenamiento jurídico de la Unión, ya que puede investigar los casos de mala administración de las instituciones y órganos comunitarios.
RESEÑA de : Anguita Susi, Alberto. El Defensor del Pueblo Andaluz y la tutela de los derechosfundamentales. Tirant, Valencia, 2006
Authors: Gordillo Pérez Luis I.
Published: July 2018

La presente nota realiza una valoración crítica de la monografía del profesor Anguita Susi titulada El Defensor del Pueblo Andaluz y la tutela de los derechos fundamentales. Medios, mecanismos y procedimiento
Los efectos de la STC 31/2010 del Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña : las implicaciones para su normativa de desarrollo y los Estatutos de otras Comunidades Autónomas
Authors: Gavara de Cara Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

Los efectos de la STC 31/2010 se aborda fundamentalmente desde el estudio de los efectos generales de las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional. En las conclusiones ha sido clave considerar que el Estatuto de Autonomía es norma de cabecera de un ordenamiento propio, de forma que la nulidad, así como la interpretación conforme a la Constitución de los preceptos estatutarios implica un mandato que es susceptible de ser examinado como efecto vinculatorio específico de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional. En este sentido, es susceptible de generar consecuencias en idénticos mandatos de otras normas legales que mantienen relaciones de dependencia e inferioridad jerárquica con los preceptos declarados inconstitucionales del Estatuto de Autonomía, o incluso de carácter interpretativo con los preceptos similares o idénticos de los Estatutos de otras Comunidades Autónomas. Estas consecuencias son fundamentalmente de carácter interpretativo, pero también es aplicable el incidente de ejecución forzosa cuando nos encontremos ante el mismo mandato declarado inconstitucional en otra norma por inconstitucionalidad derivada del proceso principal.
El Estatuto tras la sentencia
Authors: Fossas Espadaler Enric
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo analiza la fundamentación jurídica de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el nuevo Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña (STC 31/2010, de 28 de junio) con el propósito de valorar la doctrina que contiene sobre la naturaleza y función de los Estatutos de Autonomía. Se trata de una cuestión de gran alcance porque se enfrenta a los límites materiales de una norma a la que la Constitución atribuye un papel esencial en la configuración de nuestro Estado de las Autonomías, y aquello que le confiere singularidad frente a otros modelos de organización territorial. Es asimismo la cuestión clave de la Sentencia, pues constituye la base sobre la cual se funda el conjunto del recurso de inconstitucionalidad: el ámbito material del Estatuto. El trabajo expone en primer lugar los planteamientos jurídicos de las partes personadas en el proceso, que reflejan distintas concepciones sobre las características normativas del Estatuto de Autonomía. En segundo lugar se analiza el razonamiento jurídico de la Sentencia sobre tal cuestión: el contenido posible de los Estatutos de Autonomía (FFJJ 4 y 5) viene determinado por su naturaleza (FJ 3) y su función constitucional (FJ 4), de los que se derivan unos límites cuantitativos y cualitativos a tal contenido (FJ 6). En tercer lugar se examina cómo el Tribunal aplica el criterio establecido en el anterior razonamiento para enjuiciar algunos de los principales preceptos impugnados. Ello se lleva a cabo mediante una operación que consiste en mantener el contenido de la práctica totalidad de los preceptos estatutarios impugnados sin declarar su inconstitucionalidad, utilizando de forma heterodoxa la técnica de las sentencias interpretativas. La conclusión pone de manifiesto que la fundamentación de la STC 31/2010 ha establecido una doctrina sobre la naturaleza y posición del Estatuto que reduce drásticamente su función constitucional, marginando aquellas características que le conferían una singularidad como norma, lo que a su vez conduce a rebajar al mínimo su trascendencia en la configuración del Estado Autonómico.
Los preámbulos de los Estatutos de Autonomía entre la técnica legislativa y su trascendencia constitucional
Authors: Bonachela Mesas Manuel
Published: July 2018

El autor recoge algunos de los textos introductorios de textos legales relativos a la organización territorial del Estado en la España franquista y postfranquista al objeto de mostrar su relevancia política, llamando la atención sobre la significación política y el «valor jurídico» atribuido a la inexistencia de Preámbulo en la Ley para la Reforma Política y al Preámbulo de la Constitución de 1978, con objeto de exponer los aspectos más relevantes de los términos en que se ha desarrollado el debate sobre el «valor jurídico» de los Preámbulos en la doctrina española de los últimos años, contrastando sus contenidos con los expresados en el «juicio de constitucionalidad» desarrollado en el Fundamento Jurídico 7 de la STC 31/2010, de 28 de junio.
La efectiva constitucionalidad de la regulación de derechos estatutarios en la STC 31/2010
Authors: Agudo Zamora Miguel
Published: July 2018

The possibility that the Statutes of Autonomy regulate rights has been a matter that constitutionalist has turned out to be specially polemic in the last years. The STC 31/2010 concludes this topic proclaiming the effective constitutionality of the regulation of statutory rights and establishing his limited scope. The Constitutional Court has added that the statutory rights are not actually civil rights but simple mandates to the autonomous public power. This supposes that only they will be exigibles when the autonomous legislator has developed them. The statutory rights are materially linked to the own area of the autonomous community.
Declaraciones estatutarias ¿de derechos? : un análisis a la luz de las SSTC 247/2007 y 31/2010
Authors: Expósito Gómez Enriqueta
Published: July 2018

La resolución de los recursos de inconstitucionalidad contra los Estatutos de la Comunidad Valenciana y de Cataluña parece haber zanjado el debate sobre licitud de las declaraciones estatutarias de Derechos a la luz de la Constitución. Las sentencias 247/2007 y 31/2010 —y la más reciente de 16 de diciembre— admiten que los Estatutos de Autonomía puedan contener derechos. La detenida lectura de los fundamentos jurídicos de las citadas sentencias plantea, sin embargo, otro tema de gran importancia desde la perspectiva constitucional: ¿tienen algún valor estas cartas estatutarias de derechos? A este interrogante se da respuesta abordando dos cuestiones distintas aunque complementarias. La primera de ellas hace referencia al contenido de esta parte de la norma estatutaria. Para el Tribunal estos derechos estatutarios no son derechos fundamentales, los cuales sólo pueden ser proclamados en la Constitución. Y son derechos que, además, deben estar conectados al ámbito competencial de la Comunidad Autónoma y solo pueden vincular a los poderes públicos autonómicos. La segunda se centra en la verdadera naturaleza de estos derechos estatutarios. El Tribunal, a pesar de reconocer la existencia de derechos subjetivos en los Estatutos, niega tal condición a los derechos estatutarios que aparezcan vinculados solo a las competencias configurándolos como meros mandatos de la actuación de los poderes públicos autonómicos. La existencia del derecho, en este supuesto, dependerá de la actuación del legislador autonómico. La conclusión es que, contrariamente a lo querido por el legislador estatutario, el Tribunal les reconoce la eficacia de un principio rector al convertir la mayoría de los derechos que las integran en meros mandatos a los poderes públicos. El análisis de las citadas sentencias ha constatado que la licitud constitucional de este nuevo contenido estatutario viene acompañada de una contrapartida: su desactivación normativa.
La posición de los Estatutos de Autonomía en el sistema constitucional (Comentario a la STC 31/2010 de 28 de junio de 2010 )
Authors: González Pascual Maribel
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo analiza la posición que el Tribunal Constitucional confiere a los Estatutos de Autonomía en la STC 31/2010, cuestión clave para el futuro del Estado Autonómico. Con dicho fin se estudia la naturaleza jurídica de los Estatutos de Autonomía de acuerdo con su procedimiento de aprobación y reforma, así como su función en cuanto parte del bloque de constitucionalidad. Dicho estudio se contrapone a la carencia de perfiles propios que los Estatutos tienen en la STC 31/2010. Posteriormente se aborda críticamente el papel que la Justicia Constitucional ha de desempeñar en el Estado Autonómico, así como el que se atribuye en la sentencia. Las previsiones tras la sentencia son desalentadoras. La jurisprudencia constitucional y los Estatutos de Autonomía son imprescindibles para el correcto desarrollo del Estado Autonómico, pero la STC 31/2010 elimina la potencialidad y aptitud de los mismos para afrontar dicho reto.
La crisis financiera como oportunidad político-constitucional : el nuevo freno al endeudamiento en la Constitución Alemana
Authors: Reimer Ekkehart
Published: July 2018

In course of the financial crisis, States have proven to be strong actors. However, they have paid a high price for the demonstration of their power-skyrocketing budgetary deficits as well as an alarming increase of overall public debts. With regard to EU Member States, it is true that EU law has mitigated tendencies towards deficit-spending to a considerable degree and that these merits are due to State Aid rules (Arts. 87 et seq. EC Treaty, now Arts. 107 et seq. TFEU) rather than to the Stability and Growth Pact. Many Member States, however, regard an autonomous reduction of deficits as indispensable and take constitutional measures to restrict their annual deficits and/or overall debts. The article analyses the amendments to the German Grundgesetz as well as accompagnying legislation which have been enacted by the Bundestag and Bundesrat in July 2009 as a „Föderalismusreform II“, a major reconfiguration of the legal rules on public deficits on both the federal level and the level of the 16 Länder (states), and provides an outlook on further steps to be taken in the future.En la crisis financiera los Estados se han mostrado como agentes poderosos. Ahora bien, han pagado un precio muy elevado por esta demostración de su capacidad de acción: un aumento vertiginoso de su nuevo endeudamiento neto y un incremento preocupante de la deuda acumulada. Dentro de la Unión Europea, si bien el Derecho de la Unión ha suavizado en considerable medida la tendencia de los Estados a financiarse mediante déficit, esto se ha debido más a una inteligente aplicación de las normas en materia de ayudas estatales [arts. 87 y 88 del Tratado de la Comunidad Europea (antigua versión), actualmente arts. 107 y 108 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea] y menos al Pacto de Estabilidad y Crecimiento. No obstante, muchos Estados miembros consideran a la vez indispensable una reducción autónoma del déficit, y están adoptando medidas constitucionales para limitar su nuevo endeudamiento anual y/o su deuda acumulada. El presente trabajo analiza la reforma de la Ley Fundamental alemana y la legislación de acompañamiento que aprobaron el Bundestag y el Bundesrat en julio de 2009 en el marco de la segunda reforma del federalismo (Föderalismusreform II), una reordenación fundamental de la normativa en materia de déficit público, tanto en el ámbito federal como de los dieciséis Estados Federados (Länder), y aporta una visión prospectiva de qué reformas adicionales son necesarias.
El Estado de Alarma en España
Authors: Aba Catoira Ana
Published: July 2018

Through the Royal Decree 1673/2010 of 4 December, the normalization of the essential public service of air transport, said the exceptional state of alarm provided for in art. 116 of the Constitution and developed in the Organic Law of the United Exceptional 1981. The novelty of this situation leads us to consider whether in his opening statement in regard to the finding of one of the enabling assumptions under the rule, the procedure followed and the measures decreed and its effects, as well as its subsequent extension, there have been constitutional and legal requirements established. It also tries to highlight any deficiencies that offers its regulation, as well as future improvements. The completion of this work is based on the situation that existed in Spain following the adoption of the Constitution that led to the Government of the day to include in its political agenda the fight against crime, insecurity and terrorism. Legislative public policy to be undertaken over the years sought to give the Spanish government an effective tool to end situations that endangered public safety or maintenance of public order, to be direct attacks on the rights and freedoms citizenship. Undoubtedly, these forecasts date from more than thirty years provide gaps or deficiencies have become more evident after the events experienced in December last year and their application for the first time to face the chaos experienced in airports.A través del Real Decreto 1673/2010, de 4 de diciembre, para la normalización del servicio público esencial del transporte aéreo, se declaró el estado excepcional de alarma previsto en el art. 116 de la Constitución y desarrollado en la Ley Orgánica de los Estados Excepcionales de 1981. Lo novedoso de esta situación nos lleva a analizar si en su declaración inicial en lo que se refiere a la constatación de uno de los supuestos habilitantes previstos en la norma, al procedimiento que se siguió y a las medidas decretadas y sus efectos, así como en su posterior prórroga, se han observado los requisitos constitucional y legalmente establecidos. Asimismo, se intenta poner de manifiesto las posibles deficiencias que ofrece su regulación, así como futuras mejoras. La realización de este trabajo parte de la situación que se vivía en España tras aprobarse la Constitución que llevó al Gobierno del momento a incluir en su agenda política la lucha contra la delincuencia, inseguridad ciudadana y terrorismo. Las políticas públicas legislativas que se emprenderían en esos años buscaban dotar al Estado español de un instrumento eficaz para poner fin a distintas situaciones que ponían en riesgo la seguridad ciudadana o el mantenimiento del orden público, al constituir ataques directos a los derechos y libertades de la ciudadanía. Sin duda, esas previsiones que datan ya de más de treinta años ofrecen lagunas o deficiencias que se han hecho más evidentes tras los acontecimientos vividos en diciembre del pasado año y la aplicación de las mismas por primera vez para hacer frente a la situación caótica vivida en los aeropuertos.
Esbozo de teoría contramayoritaria : consideraciones de la "countermajoritarian difficulty"
Authors: Rivera León Mauro Arturo
Published: July 2018

The present article deals with the countermajoritarian difficulty but not from a substantial perspective but with its inner characteristics. I try to offer considerations about the violated majority and a useful distinction to the countermajoritarian decisions attending the emitting organ and the passive subject. A brief analysis about the implications of the democratic conceptions and pluralism to the countermajoritarian discussion is provided. I argue that the present categories of the countermajoritarian argument are insufficient to comprehend the problem, giving as a result the necessity of further considerations about the type of majority and majoritarian conditions violated.El presente artículo aborda el estudio del argumento contramayoritario pero no desde una perspectiva sustancial sino en sus características intrínsecas. Se pretende aportar a la discusión consideraciones sobre el tipo de mayoría vulnerada y una distinción útil a la clasificación de las decisiones contramayoritarias atendiendo al órgano emisor de la decisión y al sujeto pasivo en la misma. De igual manera se provee un breve análisis de las implicaciones de las concepciones democráticas y del pluralismo a la discusión contramayoritaria. Se sostiene que las categorías del estudio del argumento contramayoritario resultan insuficientes que para la comprensión del problema son necesarias mayores consideraciones en torno a las mayorías y condiciones mayoritarias vulneradas.
Reflexiones jurídico-constitucionales sobre la prohibición del velo islámico integral en Europa
Authors: Aláez Corral Benito
Published: July 2018

This work deals critically with the islamic full veil ban in public spaces, that is starting to be adopted in some European countries and has found echo in some regulations of spanish municipalities. After a brief analysis of the general bans recently passed in Belgium and France and of the partial bans adopted at schools by other countries, like Germany, Italy or the UK, the article analises from a constitutional perspective, that includes the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, the constitutionality of the recently established local bans in Spain. The author reaches the conclusion that according to the Sp. Const. 1978 an adequate interpretation of the limitations to the freedom of religion and right to the own image, involved when wearing an islamic full veil, would make unconstitutional a general ban of the full veil in each and every public space, but would constitutionally allow its partial ban regarding the access to municipal buildings or services or regarding teachers and pupils at public institutions of education, when these partial bans could be justified by constitutionally values like the safeguarding of public institutions or services, or like the protection of the fundamental rights of others.En este trabajo se analizan críticamente las prohibiciones del uso del velo islámico integral en los espacios públicos que empiezan a proliferar en Europa y de las que empiezan a hacerse eco algunos Ayuntamientos españoles. Tras un somero análisis de las prohibiciones generales por las que se han inclinado Bélgica y Francia, y de las prohibiciones parciales que predominan en otros Estados, como Alemania, Italia o el Reino Unido, en ámbitos como el escolar se evalúa desde una perspectiva jurídico-constitucional, que incluye la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, las prohibiciones que empiezan a reclamarse y establecerse en España. El autor llega a la conclusión de que una interpretación dogmáticamente adecuada a la CE de 1978 de las limitaciones posibles a los derechos a la libertad religiosa y a la propia imagen, implicados con el uso del velo integral islámico, hace constitucionalmente ilícita una prohibición general del mismo en todos los espacios públicos, pero permite justificar prohibiciones parciales, como las recientemente adoptadas en algunos municipios españoles para el acceso a edificios o servicios municipales, o las impuestas a alumnos y docentes en centros escolares públicos, en la medida en que estén dirigidas a garantizar el correcto funcionamiento de las instituciones y los servicios públicos y/o a la protección de los derechos de los demás.
«El caso BILDU» : continuidad y ruptura en la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la ilegalización de formaciones políticas
Authors: Iglesias Bárez Mercedes
Published: July 2018

The case is somewhat Bildu a break with the doctrine that the Constitutional Court has constructed about the outlawing of political parties. The control of political parties in the process of proclamation of candidates, the value of the condemnation of terrorism and the role to be played to the High Court in monitoring the decisions of the Supreme Court, are in part a new meaning in the controversial decision the Constitutional Court.El caso Bildu representa, en cierta forma, una ruptura con la doctrina que el Tribunal Constitucional ha construido acerca de la ilegalización de partidos políticos. El control de formaciones políticas en la fase de proclamación de candidatos, el valor de la condena del terrorismo o el papel que le corresponde desempeñar al Alto Tribunal en la fiscalización de las decisiones del Tribunal Supremo, tienen en parte un nuevo sentido en la controvertida decisión del Tribunal Constitucional.
Prostitución, anuncios publicitarios y principios constitucionales
Authors: Martín Morales Ricardo
Published: July 2018

In March 2011 Consejo de Estado has said, answering to a goverment’s question, that it is posible to enact a law in Spain that prohibits or limits the advertisements about prostitution in the press. The author centre his comments to the most relevant questions that, from a constitutional perspective, he arisenes the problem and agrees with the arguments adopted by Consejo de Estado.El Consejo de Estado llega a la conclusión de que es acorde con el Derecho español la adopción de medidas que coadyuven a la limitación de la publicidad sobre prostitución. Para ello recomienda la elaboración de una nueva ley, que no precisa ser ley orgánica, que incorpore un concepto específico de publicidad a los efectos de la propia disposición legal. El encargo se había planteado al Consejo de Estado por Orden de la entonces Ministra de Igualdad de 12 de mayo 2010, sobre las posibilidades de actuación contra anuncios de contenido sexual y prostitución publicados a diario en la prensa escrita. El autor centra sus comentarios en las cuestiones más relevantes que, desde una perspectiva constitucional, plantea el problema, manifestándose en líneas generales coincidente con las tesis del Consejo de Estado.
RESEÑA de : Alzaga Villaamil, Óscar. Del consenso constituyente al conflicto permanente, Madrid : Ed. Trotta-Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero, 2011
Authors: Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: July 2018

The autor exhibits with clarity and sucess how the constitutional democracy in Spain is fruit of the consensus and as this consensus it is seriously threatened today. El autor expone con claridad y acierto como la democracia constitucional vigente en España es fruto del consenso y como ese consenso se encuentra hoy gravemente amenazado por un tan irresponsable como injustificado clima de crispación política.