bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Low-Power Design and Hardware Security Using Emerging Technologies for Internet of Things
Authors: Yuan Jiann-Shiun , Lin Jie , Alasad Qutaiba , Taheri Shayan
Published: September 2017

In this review article for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, important low-power design techniques for digital and mixed-signal analog–digital converter (ADC) circuits are presented. Emerging low voltage logic devices and non-volatile memories (NVMs) beyond CMOS are illustrated. In addition, energy-constrained hardware security issues are reviewed. Specifically, light-weight encryption-based correlational power analysis, successive approximation register (SAR) ADC security using tunnel field effect transistors (FETs), logic obfuscation using silicon nanowire FETs, and all-spin logic devices are highlighted. Furthermore, a novel ultra-low power design using bio-inspired neuromorphic computing and spiking neural network security are discussed.
A Combined Approach Effectively Enhancing Traffic Performance for HSR Protocol in Smart Grids
Authors: Tien Nguyen , Rhee Jong , Park Sang
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we propose a very effectively filtering approach (EFA) to enhance network traffic performance for high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) protocol in smart grids. The EFA combines a novel filtering technique for QuadBox rings (FQR) with two existing filtering techniques, including quick removing (QR) and port locking (PL), to effectively reduce redundant unicast traffic within HSR networks. The EFA filters unicast traffic for both unused terminal rings by using the PL technique and unused QuadBox rings based on the newly-proposed FQR technique. In addition, by using the QR technique, the EFA prevents the unicast frames from being duplicated and circulated in rings; the EFA thus significantly reduces redundant unicast traffic in HSR networks compared with the standard HSR protocol and existing traffic filtering techniques. The EFA also reduces control overhead compared with the filtering HSR traffic (FHT) technique. In this study, the performance of EFA was analyzed, evaluated, and compared to that of the standard HSR protocol and existing techniques, and various simulations were conducted to validate the performance analysis. The analytical and simulation results showed that for the sample networks, the proposed EFA reduced network unicast traffic by 80% compared with the standard HSR protocol and by 26–62% compared with existing techniques. The proposed EFA also reduced control overhead by up to 90% compared with the FHT, thus decreasing control overhead, freeing up network bandwidth, and improving network traffic performance.
A Torque Error Compensation Algorithm for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Respect to Magnet Temperature Variations
Authors: Park Chang-Seok , Lee Jae Suk
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a torque error compensation algorithm for a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) through real time permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage estimation at various temperature conditions from medium to rated speed. As known, the PM flux linkage in SPMSMs varies with the thermal conditions. Since a maximum torque per ampere look up table, a control method used for copper loss minimization, is developed based on estimated PM flux linkage, variation of PM flux linkage results in undesired torque development of SPMSM drives. In this paper, PM flux linkage is estimated through a stator flux linkage observer and the torque error is compensated in real time using the estimated PM flux linkage. In this paper, the proposed torque error compensation algorithm is verified in simulation and experiment.
Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species
Authors: Martin-Benito Dario , Anchukaitis Kevin , Evans Michael , Del Río Miren , Beeckman Hans , Cañellas Isabel
Published: September 2017

Exploring how drought influences growth, performance, and survival in different species is crucial to understanding the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. Here, we investigate the responses of two co-occurring pines (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris) to interannual drought in east-central Spain by dendrochronological and wood anatomical features integrated with isotopic ratios of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) in tree rings. Our results showed that drought induces both species to allocate less carbon to build tracheid cell-walls but increases tracheid lumen diameters, particularly in the transition wood between early and latewood, potentially maximizing hydraulic conductivity but reducing resistance to embolism at a critical phase during the growing season. The thicker cell-wall-to-lumen ratio in P. nigra could imply that its xylem may be more resistant to bending stress and drought-induced cavitation than P. sylvestris. In contrast, the higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in P. sylvestris suggests that it relies more on a water-saving strategy. Our results suggest that narrower cell-walls and reduced growth under drought are not necessarily linked to increased iWUE. At our site P. nigra showed a higher growth plasticity, grew faster and was more competitive than P. sylvestris. In the long term, these sustained differences in iWUE and anatomical characters could affect forest species performance and composition, particularly under increased drought stress.
Lagrangian Modeling of Turbulent Dispersion from Instantaneous Point Sources at the Center of a Turbulent Flow Channel
Authors: Nguyen Quoc , Feher Samuel , Papavassiliou Dimitrios
Published: September 2017

The paper is focused on the simulation and modeling of the dispersion from an instantaneous source of heat or mass located at the center of a turbulent flow channel. The flow is modeled with a direct numerical simulation, and the dispersion is modeled with Lagrangian methods based on Lagrangian scalar tracking (LST). The LST technique allows the simulation of scalar sources that span a range of Prandtl or Schmidt numbers that cover orders of magnitude. The trajectories of individual heat or mass markers are tracked, generating a probability distribution function that describes the behavior of instantaneous point sources of a scalar in the turbulent field. The effect of the Prandtl or Schmidt number on turbulent dispersion is examined, with emphasis on the dispersion pattern. Results for Prandtl or Schmidt numbers between 0.1 and 15,000 are presented. For an instantaneous source at the channel center, it is found that there are two zones of cloud development: one where molecular diffusion plays a role at very small times (early stage of the dispersion), and one where turbulent convection dominates. The asphericity of the scalar marker cloud is found to increase monotonically, in contrast to published results for isotropic, homogenous turbulence, where the asphericity goes through a maximum.
“We Are All Animals:” James Joyce, Stephen Dedalus, and the Problem of Agriculture
Authors: McIntyre Caitlin
Published: September 2017

This article will position James Joyce’s novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Ulysses (1922) as literary works that are concerned with ecological issues associated with agriculture; here, this concern is traced through Stephen Dedalus’s awareness of land and animals beyond and outside Dublin. Specifically, Joyce frequently depicts the colonization of Ireland as centered on the control of nonhumans in the form of agriculture, which he brings into the novels’ political foreground. I will argue further that Joyce is equally critical of the violent nationalist rhetoric and insurrections of early 1900s Ireland, as a movement, which perpetuated the agricultural control of land. Joyce illustrates the violence of this agricultural aporia through the lives of nonhumans, the world of “filthy cowyards” and cannibalistic sows. Yet, this paper will also find in Stephen’s relations with animals an effective aesthetic rebellion to this aporia, for example, his self-styling as the “Bous Stephanoumenos”, as well as his interactions with dogs and swallows as fellow Dubliners, artists, and sufferers. These examples point to a kind of queer ecology as a form of resistance to agricultural violence.
Looking at Animals without Seeing Them: Havelock Ellis in the “Circe” Episode of Ulysses
Authors: Crowley Ronan
Published: September 2017

Taking wing from Joyce’s reading of Havelock Ellis’s Studies in the Psychology of Sex, in which the Irish writer found an account of cross-species sexual contact, this essay explores Leopold Bloom’s animal metamorphosis in the “Circe” episode of Ulysses. It argues that this encounter with the nonhuman animal is subordinated to the cause of working through barriers of human difference. In the process, the animal that enables this reconciliation disappears. Unable to represent animal interiority, “Circe” settles for merely probing their interiors.
Attitudes towards Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in the Latin American Andean Region
Authors: Nwanodi Oroma
Published: September 2017

This commentary explores the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) and HPV-related diseases, and factors affecting attitudes towards HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccination in the Latin American Andean region. Lack of knowledge of HPV, known negative attitudes or incorrect assumptions about HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccination provide a basis upon which to develop targeted HPV awareness and preventive health media campaigns. For maximal effect, media campaigns should use the internet, radio, and television to address health care providers, parents, and students. Additional programming can be developed for clinics to use in-house with their clients. Ministries of Education, Finance, and Health all have roles to play to increase national HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccination awareness.
Migration and Accumulation of Octachlorodipropyl Ether in Soil-Tea Systems in Young and Old Tea Gardens
Authors: Liao Min , Shi Yan-Hong , Cao Hai-Qun , Fang Qing-Kui , Xiao Jin-Jing , Hua Ri-Mao
Published: September 2017

The migration and accumulation of octachlorodipropyl ether (OCDPE) in soil-tea systems were investigated using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) method in young and old tea gardens. When the residual concentration of OCDPE was 100 g a.i. hm−2 in soils, the peak concentrations of OCDPE in fresh leaves of young and old tea plants were 0.365 mg/kg and 0.144 mg/kg, taking 45 days and 55 days, respectively. Equations for the accumulation curves of OCDPE in fresh leaves of young and old tea plants were Ct = 0.0227e0.0566t (R2 = 0.9154) and Ct = 0.0298e−0.0306t (R2 = 0.7156), and were Ct = 3.8435e0.055t (R2 = 0.9698) and Ct = 1.5627e−0.048t (R2 = 0.9634) for dissipation curves, with a half-life of 14.4 days and 12.6 days, respectively. These results have practical guiding significance for controlling tea food safety.
Prevalence, Causes and Social Factors of Visual Impairment among Chinese Adults: Based on a National Survey
Authors: Guo Chao , Wang Zhenjie , He Ping , Chen Gong , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: September 2017

Visual impairment has become a global challenge, especially for developing countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, causes and social factors of visual impairment among Chinese adults. Data were from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study. The study population were 1,909,199 non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years and older in mainland China. In the survey, low vision and blindness were checked by ophthalmologists according to the WHO best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) criteria. Population weighted numbers and prevalence of low vision and blindness with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated where appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the social factors of visual impairment. The weighted prevalence of visual impairment was 17.17 (95% CI, 16.84–17.50) per 1000 Chinese adults aged 18 years and older. Cataract (57.35%), disorders of choroid and retina (9.80%), and disorders of cornea (6.49%) contributed more than 70 percent to the visual impairment in Chinese adults. Older age groups, young or middle-aged male adults, female elders, illiterate, rural dwellers, non-eastern residents, singles, unemployment, and from family with lower income were associated with visual impairment. More efforts are warranted to enhance treatment and rehabilitation among people with eye disorders to prevent visual impairment.
Metabolic and Homeostatic Changes in Seizures and Acquired Epilepsy—Mitochondria, Calcium Dynamics and Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Kovac Stjepana , Dinkova Kostova Albena , Herrmann Alexander , Melzer Nico , Meuth Sven , Gorji Ali
Published: September 2017

Acquired epilepsies can arise as a consequence of brain injury and result in unprovoked seizures that emerge after a latent period of epileptogenesis. These epilepsies pose a major challenge to clinicians as they are present in the majority of patients seen in a common outpatient epilepsy clinic and are prone to pharmacoresistance, highlighting an unmet need for new treatment strategies. Metabolic and homeostatic changes are closely linked to seizures and epilepsy, although, surprisingly, no potential treatment targets to date have been translated into clinical practice. We summarize here the current knowledge about metabolic and homeostatic changes in seizures and acquired epilepsy, maintaining a particular focus on mitochondria, calcium dynamics, reactive oxygen species and key regulators of cellular metabolism such as the Nrf2 pathway. Finally, we highlight research gaps that will need to be addressed in the future which may help to translate these findings into clinical practice.
Release of VEGF from Dental Implant Improves Osteogenetic Process: Preliminary In Vitro Tests
Authors: Zavan Barbara , Ferroni Letizia , Gardin Chiara , Sivolella Stefano , Piattelli Adriano , Mijiritsky Eitan
Published: September 2017

Introduction: During osseointegration process, the presence of an inflammatory event could negatively influence the proper osteogenetic ability of the implant surface. In order to reduce this possibility, an implementation of angiogenetic event through the release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) can be a tool as co-factor for osteoblastic differentiation. In this paper, novel dental implant surfaces enriched with VEGF have been tested. Material and methods: The ability of VEGF-enriched titanium implants to improve the osteogenetic properties of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), also in the presence of an inflammatory environment, have been in vitro tested. Molecular biology, morphological analyses, and biochemical tests have been performed in order to confirm biological properties of these surfaces. Results: Our results confirm that the presence of VEGF onto the implant surface is able not only to protect the cells from in vitro aging and from Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) damage, but it also improves their osteogenic and endothelial differentiation, even in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: This study establishes a biologically powerful novel tool that could enhance bone repair in dental implant integration.
Formation and Aggregation of Gold (Electrum) Nanoparticles in Epithermal Ores
Authors: Saunders James , Burke Michelle
Published: September 2017

Here, we review the concept that nanoparticles and colloids may have played a significant role in forming some types of hydrothermal ores deposits, particularly epithermal. This concept was first proposed almost a century ago but the development of new analytical technologies, lab experiments, and the discovery of new epithermal deposits where nanoparticles are evident have added credence to the “gold colloid theory”. Nanoparticles are defined to have at least one dimension <10−7 m, and may have different chemical and physical properties than the bulk solids. Colloids are typically <10−6 m in diameter and have the added characteristic that they are dispersed in another medium. In epithermal ore-forming solutions, gold or electrum nanoparticles nucleate from supersaturated hydrothermal solutions, and thus this is a “far-from-equilibrium” process. In some cases, gold nanoparticles may simply play a transitory role of aggregating to form much coarser-grained crystals, where all of the evidence of nanoparticles precursor phases is not preserved. However, in some epithermal ores, silica nanoparticles also formed, and their co-deposition with gold (electrum) nanoparticles preserved the gold aggregation features as self-organized “fractal” dendrites. Here, we review existing the data on gold and electrum nanoparticles in epithermal ores, present images of electrum nanoparticles and their aggregates, and discuss the significance of gold nanoparticles formation and aggregation in helping to produce some of the highest-grade gold ores in the world.
Special Issue: Asymmetric Synthesis 2017
Authors: Chinchilla Rafael
Published: September 2017

The use of asymmetric synthetic methodologies plays a crucial role, nowadays, in the preparation of bioactive or other interesting compounds [...]
Weight Management Interventions in Women with and without PCOS: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kataoka Josefin , Tassone Eliza , Misso Marie , Joham Anju , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Teede Helena , Moran Lisa
Published: September 2017

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological features. While weight management is recommended as first-line treatment, it is unclear if women with PCOS achieve similar benefits as women without PCOS. This systematic review thus aimed to compare the efficacy of weight management interventions in women with and without PCOS. Databases were searched until May 2017. The primary outcome was weight and anthropometric, reproductive, metabolic and psychological measures were secondary outcomes. Of 3264 articles identified, 14 studies involving n = 933 (n = 9 high and n = 5 moderate risk of bias) met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences in weight or weight loss following the intervention were found between women with and without PCOS in five studies, with the remaining studies not comparing the difference in weight or weight loss between these groups. Secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups. This review identified that there is a paucity of high quality research in this area and that more rigorous research is needed.
Helix Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Highly Aligned Serpentine Micro/Nanofibers
Authors: Duan Yongqing , Ding Yajiang , Xu Zhoulong , Huang YongAn , Yin Zhouping
Published: September 2017

Micro/nano serpentine structures have widespread applications in flexible/stretchable electronics; however, challenges still exist for low-cost, high-efficiency and controllable manufacturing. Helix electrohydrodynamic printing (HE-printing) has been proposed here to realize controllable direct-writing of large area, highly aligned serpentine micro/nanofibers by introducing the rope coiling effect into printing process. By manipulating the flying trajectory and solidification degree of the micro/nano jet, the solidified micro/nanofiber flying in a stabilized helical manner and versatile serpentine structures deposited on a moving collector have been achieved. Systematic experiments and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the transformation behavior and the size changing rules for various deposited microstructures, and highly aligned serpentine microfibers were directly written by controlling the applied voltage, nozzle-to-collector distance and collector velocity. Furthermore, a hyper-stretchable piezoelectric device that can detect stretching, bending and pressure has been successfully fabricated using the printed serpentine micro/nanofibers, demonstrating the potential of HE-printing in stretchable electronics manufacturing.
Hindcasting and Forecasting of Surface Flow Fields through Assimilating High Frequency Remotely Sensing Radar Data
Authors: Ren Lei , Hartnett Michael
Published: September 2017

In order to improve the forecasting ability of numerical models, a sequential data assimilation scheme, nudging, was applied to blend remotely sensing high-frequency (HF) radar surface currents with results from a three-dimensional numerical, EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) model. For the first time, this research presents the most appropriate nudging parameters, which were determined from sensitivity experiments. To examine the influence of data assimilation cycle lengths on forecasts and to extend forecasting improvements, the duration of data assimilation cycles was studied through assimilating linearly interpolated temporal radar data. Data assimilation nudging parameters have not been previously analyzed. Assimilation of HF radar measurements at each model computational timestep outperformed those assimilation models using longer data assimilation cycle lengths; root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of both surface velocity components during a 12 h model forecasting period indicated that surface flow fields were significantly improved when implementing nudging assimilation at each model computational timestep. The Data Assimilation Skill Score (DASS) technique was used to quantitatively evaluate forecast improvements. The averaged values of DASS over the data assimilation domain were 26% and 33% for east–west and north–south velocity components, respectively, over the half-day forecasting period. Correlation of Averaged Kinetic Energy (AKE) was improved by more than 10% in the best data assimilation model. Time series of velocity components and surface flow fields were presented to illustrate the improvement resulting from data assimilation application over time.
Inequality, Bi-Polarization and Mobility of Urban Infrastructure Investment in China’s Urban System
Authors: Ma Lie , Li Dandan , Tao Xiaobo , Dong Haifeng , He Bei , Ye Xiaosu
Published: September 2017

In periods of rapid urbanization, investment in urban infrastructure should not only meet the increasing demands of all urban people, but also be equally allocated between cities to achieve social equity and sustainable development. This paper aimed to conduct quantitative research on the unbalance of urban infrastructure investment between cities in China. The measurement models for inequality, bi-polarization and the mobility of urban infrastructure investment were constructed by means of the Gini coefficient, bi-polarization index and mobility function from the urban system, and an empirical study was conducted based on panel data from 2006 to 2014. The results show that: (1) The overall inequality of urban infrastructure investment in China’s urban system was relatively prominent and showed a “U-shaped” change generally. (2) The inequality between different administrative levels or regional cities only partially accounted for the overall inequality of China’s urban system. (3) Inequality and bi-polarization showed inconsistent performance. (4) Mobility played a positive role in reducing the inequality and bi-polarization. Based on the empirical findings and the reality of China’s urban infrastructure investment and financing, targeted policy suggestions were proposed in terms of adjusting inequality and bi-polarization, innovating investment and financing mechanisms, and optimizing urban infrastructure investment strategies.
Semiclassical Length Measure from a Quantum-Gravity Wave Function
Authors: Lecian Orchidea
Published: September 2017

The definition of a length operator in quantum cosmology is usually influenced by a quantum theory for gravity considered. The semiclassical limit at the Planck age must meet the requirements implied in present observations. The features of a semiclassical wave-functional state are investigated, for which the modern measure(ment)s is consistent. The results of a length measurement at present times are compared with the same measurement operation at cosmological times. By this measure, it is possible to discriminate, within the same Planck-length expansion, the corrections to a Minkowski flat space possibly due to classicalization of quantum phenomena at the Planck time and those due to possible quantum-gravitational manifestations of present times. This analysis and the comparison with the previous literature can be framed as a test for the verification of the time at which anomalies at present related to the gravitational field, and, in particular, whether they are ascribed to the classicalization epoch. Indeed, it allows to discriminate not only within the possible quantum features of the quasi (Minkowski) flat spacetime, but also from (possibly Lorentz violating) phenomena detectable at high-energy astrophysical scales. The results of two different (coordinate) length measures have been compared both at cosmological time and as a perturbation element on flat Minkowski spacetime. The differences for the components of the corresponding classical(ized) metric tensor have been analyzed at different orders of expansions. The results of the expectation values of a length operator in the universe at the Planck time must be comparable with the same length measurements at present times, as far as the metric tensor is concerned. The comparison of the results of (straight) length measures in two different directions, in particular, can encode the pertinent information about the parameters defining the semiclassical wavefunctional for (semiclassicalized) gravitational field.
Report from the 1st MYCOKEY International Conference Global Mycotoxin Reduction in the Food and Feed Chain Held in Ghent, Belgium, 11–14 September 2017
Authors: De Saeger Sarah , Logrieco Antonio
Published: September 2017

This conference is organized within the framework of the H2020—Research and Innovation Action—Societal Challenge 2—“Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine, maritime and inland water research and the bioeconomy challenge”—GA 678781 MycoKey “Integrated and innovative key actions for mycotoxin management in the food and feed chain” [...]
Modelling Crop Pattern Changes and Water Resources Exploitation: A Case Study
Authors: Zingaro Donato , Portoghese Ivan , Giannoccaro Giacomo
Published: September 2017

Agriculture and farming worldwide are responsible for numerous environmental threats, including degradation of land and water resource depletion. Underlining the dynamic interaction between bio-physical and socio-economic drivers is the key towards a more sustainable land and water management. With regard to a highly-developed agricultural area in Southern Italy, multi-regression models were developed to provide an ex-post interpretation of the observed inter-annual variability of cropped land. The main drivers related to Common Agricultural Policy support, product market prices, crop yield, and irrigation water availability were investigated. The adopted models revealed the different weights of each driver. The findings reported the role that direct payments played in supporting the extension of irrigated crops, such as processing tomato. Likewise, the models pointed out the decoupled payment scheme as the most important driver of change in the crop pattern over the last years.
A novel application of 2-silylated 1,3-dithiolanes for the synthesis of aryl/hetaryl-substituted ethenes and dibenzofulvenes
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Pipiak Paulina , Hamera-Fałdyga Róża , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: September 2017

Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMS-CHN2) reacts readily with hetaryl thioketones to give sterically crowded 2-trimethylsilyl-4,4,5,5-tetrahetaryl-1,3-dithiolanes with complete regioselectivity at −75 °C as well as at rt. Thiofluorenone, a relatively stable and highly reactive aryl thioketone, yields upon treatment with TMS-CHN2 at −60 °C the corresponding 1,3,4-thiadiazoline. This unstable cycloadduct undergoes decomposition at ca. −45 °C and the silylated thiocarbonyl S-methanide generated thereby is trapped with complete regioselectivity by aryl or hetaryl thioketones forming also sterically crowded 2-trimethylsilyl-1,3-dithiolanes. The obtained 1,3-dithiolanes, by treatment with an equimolar amount of TBAF in a one-pot procedure, are converted in high yields into hetaryl/aryl-substituted ethenes or dibenzofulvenes, respectively, via a cycloreversion reaction of the intermediate 1,3-dithiolane carbanion. The presented protocol offers a new, highly efficient approach to tetrasubstituted ethenes and dibenzofulvenes bearing aryl and/or hetaryl substituents.
The MOSDEF Survey: First Measurement of Nebular Oxygen Abundance at z > 4*
Authors: Shapley Alice E. , Sanders Ryan L. , Reddy Naveen A. , Kriek Mariska , Freeman William R. , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Coil Alison L. , Leung Gene C. K. , deGroot Laura , Shivaei Irene , Price Sedona H. , Azadi Mojegan , Aird James
Published: September 2017

We present the first spectroscopic measurement of multiple rest-frame optical emission lines at z > 4. During the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey, we observed the galaxy GOODSN-17940 with the Keck I/MOSFIRE spectrograph. The K-band spectrum of GOODSN-17940 includes significant detections of the [O ii]λλ3726,3729, [Ne iii]λ3869, and Hγ emission lines and a tentative detection of Hδ, indicating z
spec = 4.4121. GOODSN-17940 is an actively star-forming z > 4 galaxy based on its K-band spectrum and broadband spectral energy distribution. A significant excess relative to the surrounding continuum is present in the Spitzer/IRAC channel 1 photometry of GOODSN-17940, due primarily to strong Hα emission with a rest-frame equivalent width of EW(Hα) = 1200 Å. Based on the assumption of 0.5 Z
⊙ models and the Calzetti attenuation curve, GOODSN-17940 is characterized by

. The Balmer decrement inferred from Hα/Hγ is used to dust correct the Hα emission, yielding

. These M
* and star formation rate (SFR) values place GOODSN-17940 an order of magnitude in SFR above the z ∼ 4 star-forming “main sequence.” Finally, we use the observed ratio of [Ne iii]/[O ii] to estimate the nebular oxygen abundance in GOODSN-17940, finding O/H ∼ 0.2 (O/H)⊙. Combining our new [Ne iii]/[O ii] measurement with those from stacked spectra at z ∼ 0, 2, and 3, we show that GOODSN-17940 represents an extension to z > 4 of the evolution toward higher [Ne iii]/[O ii] (i.e., lower O/H) at fixed stellar mass. It will be possible to perform the measurements presented here out to z ∼ 10 using the James Webb Space Telescope.
HST Detection of Extended Neutral Hydrogen in a Massive Elliptical at z = 0.4
Authors: Zahedy Fakhri S. , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Rauch Michael , Zabludoff Ann
Published: September 2017

We report the first detection of extended neutral hydrogen (H i) gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a massive elliptical galaxy beyond

. The observations utilize the doubly lensed images of QSO HE 0047−1756 at

as absorption-line probes of the ISM in the massive (

) elliptical lens at z = 0.408, detecting gas at projected distances of d = 3.3 and 4.6 kpc on opposite sides of the lens. Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, we obtain UV absorption spectra of the lensed QSO and identify a prominent flux discontinuity and associated absorption features matching the Lyman series transitions at z = 0.408 in both sightlines. The H i column density is log

at both locations across the lens, comparable to what is seen in 21 cm images of nearby ellipticals. The H i gas kinematics are well-matched with the kinematics of the Fe ii absorption complex revealed in ground-based echelle data, displaying a large velocity shear of ≈360

across the galaxy. We estimate an ISM Fe abundance of 0.3–0.4 solar at both locations. Including likely dust depletions increases the estimated Fe abundances to solar or supersolar, similar to those of the hot ISM and stars of nearby ellipticals. Assuming 100% covering fraction of this Fe-enriched gas, we infer a total Fe mass of

in the cool ISM of the massive elliptical lens, which is no more than 5% of the total Fe mass observed in the hot ISM.
Adiabatic Non-resonant Acceleration in Magnetic Turbulence and Hard Spectra of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Xu Siyao , Zhang Bing
Published: September 2017

We introduce a non-resonant acceleration mechanism arising from the second adiabatic invariant in magnetic turbulence and apply it to study the prompt emission spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mechanism contains both the first- and second-order Fermi acceleration, originating from the interacting turbulent reconnection and dynamo processes. It leads to a hard electron energy distribution up to a cutoff energy at the balance between the acceleration and synchrotron cooling. The sufficient acceleration rate ensures a rapid hardening of any initial energy distribution to a power-law distribution with the index

, which naturally produces a low-energy photon index

via the synchrotron radiation. For typical GRB parameters, the synchrotron emission can extend to a characteristic photon energy on the order of ∼100 keV.
Ecosystem Service capacity is higher in areas of multiple designation types
Authors: Nikolaidou Charitini , Votsi Nefta-Eleftheria , Sgardelis Stefanos , Halley John , Pantis John , Tsiafouli Maria
Published: September 2017

The implementation of the Ecosystem Service (ES) concept into practice might be a challenging task as it has to take into account previous “traditional” policies and approaches that have evaluated nature and biodiversity differently. Among them the Habitat (92/43/EC) and Bird Directives (79/409/EC), the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), and the Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) have led to the evaluation/designation of areas in Europe with different criteria. In this study our goal was to understand how the ES capacity of an area is related to its designation and if areas with multiple designations have higher capacity in providing ES.

We selected four catchments in Greece with a great variety of characteristics covering over 25% of the national territory. Inside the catchments we assessed the ES capacity (following the methodology of Burkhard et al. 2009) of areas designated as Natura 2000 sites, Quiet areas and Wetlands or Water bodies and found those areas that have multiple designations. Data were analyzed by GLM to reveal differences regarding the ES capacity among the different types of areas. We also investigated by PCA synergies and trade-offs among different kinds of ES and tested for correlations among landscape properties, such as elevation, aspect and slope and the ES potential.

Our results show that areas with different types or multiple designations have a different capacity in providing ES. Areas of one designation type (Protected or Quiet Areas) had in general intermediate scores in most ES but scores were higher compared to areas with no designation, which displayed stronger capacity in provisioning services. Among Protected Areas and Quiet Areas the latter scored better in general. Areas that combined both designation types (Protected and Quiet Areas) showed the highest capacity in 13 out of 29 ES, that were mostly linked with natural and forest ecosystems. We found significant synergies among most regulating, supporting and cultural ES which in turn display trade-offs with provisioning services. The different ES are spatially related and display strong correlation with landscape properties, such as elevation and slope.

We suggest that the designation status of an area can be used as an alternative tool for environmental policy, indicating the capacity for ES provision. Multiple designations of areas can be used as proxies for locating ES “hotspots”. This integration of “traditional” evaluation and designation and the “newer” ES concept forms a time- and cost-effective way to be adopted by stakeholders and policy-makers in order to start complying with new standards and demands for nature conservation and environmental management.
Design territorial et changement climatique : innover pour s’adapter à une ressource en eau incertaine
Authors: Bertrand François , Petit Sandrine , Vergote Marie-Hélène , Brayer Jean-Marc
Published: September 2017

Comment des collectifs locaux de gouvernance de l’eau peuvent-ils s’approprier les questions d’adaptation à une ressource perturbée par le changement climatique ? Des « ateliers du climat », organisés sur deux territoires en Bourgogne ont été observés. Se référant aux méthodes de « design territorial », ils ont réuni acteurs locaux et chercheurs afin d’initier une réflexion collective sur l’adaptation de la gestion de l’eau aux effets du changement climatique. Ils ont représenté un exercice de participation décalé par rapport aux Commissions Locales de l’Eau qui constituent le cadre institutionnel de la gouvernance locale de l’eau. L’adoption d’un mode interprétatif a permis une circulation et une hybridation des savoirs entre scientifiques et profanes. Cette recherche-action apporte des enseignements sur les conditions du dialogue entre scientifiques et acteurs, l’intérêt des méthodes de design territorial pour traiter des incertitudes et sur les conceptions de l’adaptation de la gestion de l’eau. Codes JEL : Q2, Q5
Nature et dynamique de l’innovation des nouveaux modèles de croissance : le cas de l’écologie industrielle et de l’économie de la fonctionnalité
Authors: Merlin-Brogniart Céline
Published: September 2017

L’économie de fonctionnalité (EF) et l’écologie industrielle (EI) sont des modèles d’affaires à caractère opérationnel qui affirment contribuer au développement durable. La littérature économique se centre principalement sur le rôle et l’importance des innovations technologiques et organisationnelles de ces modèles. Cet article montre que la capacité à atteindre un développement durable ne dépend pas uniquement de ces innovations. La capacité de ces formes de coordination à couvrir les différentes dimensions du développement durable est questionnée. Cette étude se fonde sur l’analyse d’études de cas en EI ou EF réalisées par l’auteur ou issues de la littérature afin d’analyser les trajectoires d’innovation mobilisées par ces partenariats. La complexité des externalités générées par ces modèles requiert une coordination à un niveau systémique prenant en considération les échelles micro, méso et macro-économiques. Ces modèles impliquent une trajectoire d’innovation de nature servicielle qui participe à l’implémentation et la pérennisation de ces projets. Codes JEL : Q57, L21, O30, L80, Q01
La valeur sociale du carbone, une innovation de la pensée économique ?
Authors: Perrin Jacques
Published: September 2017

La COP 21 a reconnu la valeur sociale du carbone non émis ; cette notion peut-elle être considérée comme la manifestation d’une nouvelle conception de ce que pourrait être la valeur économique ? Afin de sortir de l’identification de la richesse d’un pays à la valeur monétaire des biens et services produits, on partira de l’hypothèse que la valeur économique sert à définir la nature de la richesse et à la mesurer. Dans un deuxième temps, on mettra en avant que la notion de valeur sociale économique est déjà en gestation dans la préoccupation des économistes qui ont développé la notion d’utilité sociale et qu’elle est aussi en filigrane dans les travaux sur les indicateurs de richesse. Dans une troisième partie, sera analysée la notion de valeur tutélaire du carbone qui peut être considérée comme une des premières formalisations d’une valeur sociale économique. Codes JEL : E6, O3, Q5
Analyse de la relation et des effets croisés entre l’innovation, l’innovativité et l’efficacité managériale
Authors: Abdellatif Tarek , Slama Yassine , Mokni Heithem
Published: September 2017

Afin de maintenir leur efficacité managériale, les organisations ont besoin de générer, modifier et gérer leurs employés. Cette étude analyse les impacts des variables croisées entre l’efficacité managériale et les types d’innovation dans les organisations. L’innovation et l’innovativité ont un impact important sur l’efficacité managériale et la compétitivité de l’organisation. Une analyse empirique, basée sur les cartes cognitives, de ces trois concepts est d’une grande importance pour créer un avantage concurrentiel. Pour cette recherche, nous avons collaboré avec 40 acteurs décideurs au sein des organisations. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les processus d’innovation et d’innovativité sont des variables motrices. Certaines dimensions de l’innovation et de l’innovativité sont aussi des variables relais à l’efficacité managériale bien que certaines de ses dimensions sont qualifiées de variables inertes qui agissent pour activer la compétitivité dans les organisations.
Allocation Rules for Networks Inspired by Cooperative Game-Theory
Authors: Caulier Jean-François , Skoda Alexandre , Tanimura Emily
Published: September 2017

Cette revue de la littérature présente des théories visant à déterminer comment des joueurs doivent se partager la valeur de leur coopération dans un cadre où leurs opportunités de collaborer sont limitées ou entièrement déterminées par le réseau de communication qui les relie. Nous présentons des règles d’allocation d’une part dans le cadre de jeux de communication, c’est à dire des jeux coopératifs enrichis par une structure de communication représentée par un réseau, d’autre part pour des jeux de réseau dans lesquels ce sont les réseaux eux-mêmes qui engendrent la valeur. Nous nous intéressons principalement aux règles d’allocation inspirées par la valeur de Shapley mais d’autres approches seront également présentées. Afin de souligner les particularités de différentes règles d’allocation nous présentons et comparons leurs propriétés axiomatiques. Enfin, nous présentons quelques domaines d’application de ces théories : l’évaluation du pouvoir des électeurs en fonction de leur place dans l’espace idéologique, l’évaluation de la centralité et de l’influence d’un joueur dans un réseau, le classement des athlètes dans une compétition sportive en fonction de l’historique de leurs performances, et enfin un problème de partage de ressources naturelles.
De la manifestation au réel
Authors: Stanciu Ovidiu
Published: September 2017

Je me propose de restituer l’articulation interne du projet phénoménologique de Patočka. En premier lieu, je m’attache à élucider la signification qui revient à la subjectivité au sein du dispositif a-asubjectif forgée par Patočka. À cet effet, je montre que si la subjectivité est une dimension constitutive du champ de l’apparaître, elle est dépourvue de tout privilège constitutif. Ensuite, j’examine le rapport qui s’établit entre l’apparaître (qui est une dimension essentiellement non réelle) et le réel. Si le domaine propre de la phénoménologie – le champ phénoménal, l’apparaître comme tel – ne peut être gagné qu’à la faveur d’une mise entre parenthèses de toute thèse relative à l’étant, il demeure que la phénoménologie ne peut pas éluder le problème de l’inscription de l’apparaître dans le monde. En cherchant à élucider la signification précise de cette inscription, la phénoménologie opère un auto-dépassement en direction d’une cosmologie philosophique et d’une « ontique de l’existence ».
Manifestation et interpellation : la refonte patočkienne de la phénoménologie
Authors: Jacquet Frédéric
Published: September 2017

Il s’agit pour nous de montrer que l’essence de la manifestation se trouve pensée selon l’interpellation, ce qui conduit Patočka à une refonte de grande ampleur de la phénoménologie. Il s’engage alors en une compréhension inédite du monde et du sujet, initiée par une épochè conçue elle-même de façon nouvelle. Cette voie tracée appelle des considérations sur la naissance qui doivent être placées au cœur de la philosophie.
Patočka et Platon : l’idée d’une politique de l’âme
Authors: Bernard Marion
Published: September 2017

Circulant de l’âme à la politique et de la politique à l’âme, Patočka fait de Platon l’interlocuteur privilégié de ses écrits historiques et politiques. Qu’un résistant au totalitarisme, figure de la dissidence tchèque, comme le fut Patočka, puisse encore rêver de mêler la politique à l’âme – fût-ce sous une figure post-métaphysique et problématique, voilà qui ne va pas de soi. L’article suit les lignes saillantes de l’étonnant dialogue que Patočka mène avec Platon. Chez Patočka comme chez Platon, l’âme est intrinsèquement politique, la polis agent de transformation de l’âme, et vice versa. Dans ce qu’on pourrait nommer une pneumatopolitique, on a affaire à un seul et même mouvement qui commande à la fois dans un cercle vertueux le salut de l’âme et de la polis, ou au contraire leur double corruption commune.
Détachement et corrélation : des participes présents à valeur consécutive placés en finale
Authors: Rossi-Gensane Nathalie
Published: September 2017

Cette étude s’intéresse à certains participes présents placés en finale, à valeur consécutive. Après un bref état de l’art, certaines occurrences seront présentées avec un éclairage diaphasique. Puis on s’interrogera sur le réel rôle, dans cette configuration, de l’adverbe ainsi , souvent appréhendé comme un « marqueur » de conséquence. Seront ensuite précisées la ou les fonctions assumées par ces participes présents. Enfin, la valeur consécutive sera associée de manière privilégiée à une non-conformité à ladite « règle de coréférence », de même qu’à une non-agentivité du nom sujet, le passif jouant souvent, à ce double égard, un rôle. Il sera ainsi distingué entre deux grandes sortes de participes présents à valeur consécutive : ceux, comme dans le dernier cas, dotés d’une seule portée sur la relation prédicative première et ceux cumulant cette portée avec une autre portée sur le nom sujet.
Aspects morpho-sémantiques de la « corrélation » : les « séquences discursives » à marques paradigmatisantes
Authors: Schnedecker Catherine
Published: September 2017

Notre propos est consacré à un ensemble de marques formelles faisant système et, dans leurs réalisations tant (pro-)nominale qu’adverbiale, susceptibles d’unir des couples ou des séries de propositions : i) d’une part/d’autre part, d’un côté/d’un autre côté, l’un/l’autre  ; ii) premièrement/deuxièmement … ; primo/secundo ,… ; dans un (premier+second+…) temps, en (premier+ second+…) lieu ; le premier/le second. Leur fonctionnement a donné lieu à des étiquetages variés, énumérés ci-après par ordre d’apparition chronologique : « marqueurs d’intégration linéaire » (Auchlin, 1981), « noyaux attelés par leurs valences » (Blanche Benveniste et al ., 1990 : 119), « corrélats anaphoriques » (Schnedecker, 1998), « pseudo-corrélations » (Deulofeu, 2001), « regroupement sans liens de rection » (Blanche-Benveniste, 2010 : 176 et seq .) « parallélismes » (Sabio, 2012 : 89), « corrélations macro-syntaxiques » (Corminboeuf, 2013) qui tendent à montrer une parenté plus ou moins étroite avec la notion de corrélation . Si ces étiquettes situent plus ou moins bien le phénomène par rapport à la notion de corrélation , les approches syntaxiques des phénomènes corrélatifs l’en excluent explicitement et de manière unanime. Partant, nous procédons en quatre temps. Nous rappelons, premièrement, les motifs linguistiques invoqués pour justifier la marginalisation, voire l’exclusion, de ‘nos’ marques, du domaine d’application de la notion de corrélation . Cela nous permet, dans un second temps, de faire ressortir un certain nombre de limites de ces approches ‘exclusives’, notamment leur incapacité à expliquer la systématicité des appariements, tout affranchis de contraintes ou de règles syntaxiques ou grammaticales qu’ils soient. C’est cette explication que, forte de nombreux travaux antérieurs sur la question, nous proposons, dans un troisième temps, en démontant les rouages morpho-sémantiques sous-jacents, pour terminer sur la question d’une dénomination alternative à celle de « corrélation » apte à rendre compte du phénomène de dépendance discursive instruit par les marqueurs étudiés dans cette contribution.