bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Obstacles and Challenges of Launching Startups in the Education Industry
Authors: Mashayekhi Maryam , Abili Khodayar , Hosseini Seyed Rasul
Published: April 2024

Objective: The present research aims to identify the obstacles and challenges encountered when launching startups in the education industry. Methodology: This study employs an applied objective and, from the perspective of data collection, utilizes a qualitative approach with the implementation of descriptive phenomenological research methodology. The research field comprised 14 founders of successful educational startups, selected through purposeful sampling based on predefined criteria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection until theoretical saturation was achieved. The analysis of findings was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step strategy. The validity of the qualitative findings was confirmed using Lincoln & Guba's (1985) four criteria for judgment: credibility, transferability, confirmability/neutrality, and reliability/consistency, further validated by Krippendorff's alpha. Findings: The analysis of findings led to the identification of 176 key phrases, which were then aggregated into 60 components and categorized, culminating in the identification of seven factors including challenges and obstacles related to cultural factors, financial and economic challenges, pedagogical challenges, challenges related to government laws and policies, human capital management challenges, technical infrastructure challenges, and environmental challenges. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study can be a practical guide for founders of educational startups to anticipate the obstacles and challenges of launching their business; thus, they can prepare themselves to face possible obstacles, challenges, and problems, and with a managed and effective performance, they can reduce threats and turn them into opportunities. Additionally, the results of this study can be a roadmap for our country's policymakers and legislators to adopt better decisions and policies, as well as to reform cumbersome laws and regulations and facilitate the process of obtaining activity licenses and legal obligations, reducing and addressing the obstacles in launching educational startups.
The Interplay of Neuroticism and Self-Efficacy in Pain Catastrophizing: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Sayed Alitabar Sayed Hadi , Goli Farzad
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to examine the predictive roles of neuroticism and self-efficacy on pain catastrophizing in an adult population. A cross-sectional design was utilized, involving 290 participants who completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory for Neuroticism, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS-27. Results indicated that neuroticism positively predicted pain catastrophizing, while self-efficacy showed a negative predictive relationship. The model accounted for approximately 26% of the variance in pain catastrophizing scores. The findings highlight the significant influence of neuroticism and self-efficacy on pain catastrophizing, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing neuroticism and enhancing self-efficacy may be effective in mitigating pain catastrophizing in individuals.
Depth reduction of RGB image data and reduction of point noise based on metric learning method
Authors: Alsaeedi Riyadh
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a method of data depth reduction based on metric learning method in reducing point noise in different images is proposed. In order to be more accurate in reviving depth from data, noise variance is also calculated for each separate scale. In this way, our method becomes more sensitive to noise detection.  The quantitative and qualitative results obtained from the implementation and calculation of the PSNR parameter of this method show that the proposed method of this paper has given a good answer compared to previous methods for noise elimination and has performed better in maintaining sharp corners and sharp features.
The Criminal Intent in American Criminal Law and its Special Provisions in Murder
Authors: He Zhiyu
Published: April 2024

In American criminal law, criminal intent is an essential element of crime, which determines the precise accusation of this crime or that crime, and even the total difference from guilt and innocence. In criminal law legislation, criminal intent is usually divided into general intent which is the least requirement to accuse a crime, and specific intent which is only necessary for some particular crimes. As for the conviction and sentencing of murder, there was no such general or specific crime intent requirement in early common law, that is, as long as the actor illegally caused the death of others even with no intent to kill, he could be prosecuted of murder. With the development of criminal law in the United States, the actor’s intention and motive when the crime committed gradually stand out and become an important factor of sentencing, which produces a series of special provisions on criminal intent. On the basis of general intent of American criminal law, this article mainly analyzes the specific intent and its special provisions of murder laws, and points out that premeditation and malice aforethought are the important criterions for judging the type and severity of murder in most American states.
The Practice of Poverty Relief in Early Modern England: Central and Local Areas
Authors: Zhu Xiaojing , Zhang Zhijie
Published: April 2024

The Tudor and Stuart dynasties coincided with an important stage in the development of modern England, during which the social structure changed dramatically, and the governance of the country was plagued by the problems of poverty and vagrancy, and the importance of poverty alleviation to the stability of the society is self-evident. From the central government, the Privy Council and the Parliament to the local squires, magistrates, parish officials and merchants, the practice of poverty alleviation was accomplished by the combined efforts of all social strata: the central government gave decrees and supervised and guided, while the specific practice was carried out by the local government on their own, and the practice of poverty alleviation varied greatly from one region to another, which demonstrated the autonomy of the localities. At the same time, the practice of poverty alleviation, as a successful consensus cooperation between the central government and the local government in early modern Britain, is an important revelation of the benign relationship between the central government and the local government, and the practice of poverty alleviation is a reference for the exploration of the solution to the problem of poverty.
Analysis of China's Intelligent Logistics Policies based on Text Mining
Authors: Xu Penghao , Peng Zhengxing , Deng Lu
Published: April 2024

Based on text mining technology, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of China's intelligent logistics policies. Through the descriptive statistical analysis of the annual release volume, types and subjects of policy texts, the dynamic trends, dominant forms and major sectors of policy releases are revealed. Using the TF-IDF algorithm to extract keywords and combining with the LDA thematic model analysis, it is found that the key areas of the policies include: improving the service capacity of enterprises, cold chain logistics construction, supply chain synergy, green standardisation, etc., and the main paths of implementation are: deepening the reform, increasing the investment, optimising the layout, etc. to improve the quality, improving the coordinating mechanism, promoting the synergy through the innovative model, building the green assessment system, promoting new energy transportation, unifying the standard process, etc. to promote the low-carbon transport. The main implementation paths are to deepen reform, increase investment and optimise layout to improve quality, improve coordination mechanisms and innovate models to promote synergy, build a green assessment system, promote new energy transport and unify standard processes to promote low-carbon transformation. The policy will mobilise the participation of enterprises, the state and industry organisations, of which enterprises are the main innovators and applicators, the state provides strategic support and regulatory guidance, and industry organisations promote the implementation of the policy. At the same time, it focuses on international integration, encourages "going out", guides the participation of foreign capital, deepens cooperation and cultivates international competitiveness. Finally, it puts forward suggestions on top-level policy design, sectoral coordination, tool innovation, enterprise main body, social participation, policy evaluation and continuous investment.
Displays of learning
Authors: Elmqvist Söderlund Inga
Published: April 2024

In the early modern period, the links between aesthetics and the natural sciences were close. Wunder kammern, libraries, and cabinets of experimental philosophy, physics, or mathematics were built and decorated with references to classical and contemporary learning alike, for practical as well as aesthetic reasons. In this book the early modern urge for knowledge, power, and control, and ultimately the relation between art and science, are illuminated and problematized through detailed analyses and specific examples, especially from Sweden.

Buildings, interiors, and objects intended to visualize learning are part of our material heritage. Both as a scholar at Stockholm University and as director of the Stockholm Observatory Museum, Inga Elmqvist Söderlund (1967–2017) was deeply committed to preserving and sharing this heritage.
Cyberlaw Essentials: Rights and Regulations in the Digital Age
Authors: Pasupuleti Murali Krishna
Published: April 2024

Abstract: "Cyberlaw Essentials: Rights and Regulations in the Digital Age" offers a comprehensive examination of the legal frameworks governing the ever-evolving digital landscape. This Section explores into the intricate web of cyberlaw, exploring its vital role in protecting digital rights and ensuring the safe, ethical use of technology. It discusses key areas including digital intellectual property, privacy rights, data protection, and the legalities surrounding emerging technologies. The Section also addresses the challenges and complexities of internet governance, cybercrime legislation, and cross-border legal dynamics. Additionally, it explores the pressing need for international cooperation and harmonization of cyberlaws to effectively manage the global nature of digital threats and opportunities. This discussion provides both legal professionals and policymakers with essential insights into adapting legal frameworks to meet the challenges posed by rapid technological advancements and their societal impacts. Keywords: Cyberlaw,Digital Rights,Data Protection,Privacy Laws,Intellectual Property,Cybercrime Legislation,Internet Governance,E-commerce Regulation,Emerging Technologies and International Cyberlaw.
Guía Estratégica Metodológica “Explorando un mundo de fantasía” para desarrollar la conciencia lingüística infantil
Authors: Defaz Gallardo Yolanda Paola
Published: April 2024

The present research was carried out with the objective of enhancing the development of linguistic awareness through methodological strategies to improve orality in children at the high school sublevel. In the development of the research, a mixed, descriptive and pre-experimental approach was considered. The Guide to Methodological Strategies to develop linguistic awareness “Exploring a fantasy world” is proposed as a proposal, which will greatly contribute to the methodological knowledge of the teachers, thus contributing to the institutional pedagogical approach and the exit profile of the students. The results of the application of the guide to methodological strategies to develop linguistic awareness through the comparison of the results of the pre-test and the post-test corroborate that it was positive and the socio-educational impact it generated on teachers and students.
The Tomb of Mereruka: a document on his life and character
Authors: Kanawati Naguib
Published: April 2024

A purely metaphoric/symbolic interpretation of the depictions in Old Kingdom tombs is questionable considering the specific events and practices that are often depicted. In particular the decoration in the Tomb of Mereruka provides an understanding of the life and character of the tomb-owner who is seen to be a man of power and wealth. His emphasis on security seems to have contributed to the growth of violence in ancient Egypt.
The Theology and History of the Exodus: The State of the Question
Authors: Longman III Tremper
Published: April 2024

The archaeological record as we currently understand it does not confirm the circumstances and date for the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. Indeed it does not unequivocally indicate that it happened at all. It is argued that while it may not matter that the precise details of the event are unknown to us, it is important to accept that the event did actually happen.
James Mellaart: A review of a recent book, some personal memories, and archaeological deception
Authors: Davey Christopher J.
Published: April 2024

Alan C. Mellaart’s book about his father James Mellaart: The Journey to Çatalhöyük is reviewed. The memories of the author, who attended Mellaart’s lectures at the Institute of Archaeology, London, are recounted and discussed in relation to the Dorak affair. The paper also includes the perspective of G.R.H. (Mick) Wright, who excavated with Mellaart in the 1950s. The discussion reflects on the context and consequences of the controversies surrounding Mellaart.
Evoluţia instituţiei şi ştiinţei arhivistice româneşti în timpul directoratului lui Aurelian Sacerdoţeanu (1938-1953)
Authors:   Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga”, Academia Română, COSTIN Dana
Published: April 2024

The article explores the role played by Aurelian Sacerdoţeanu in the organization, management, and modernization of the State Archives. It also shows how these processes triggered the consolidation of archival science in Romania. First, I analyze the administrative activity of Aurelian Sacerdoţeanu at the helm of the State Archives. Second, I address his scientific work and the contributions he made to Romanian archival science. The historical period under consideration (1938-1953) was marked by major political and social changes. Thus, the study of Sacerdoţeanu’s administrative and academic work offers valuable insight on the broader transformation of the historical field during these turbulent years.
De la résignation ?
Authors: Sagarra Catalina
Published: April 2024

Lors de violences extrêmes telles celles générées par des États génocidaires ou prêts à commettre des crimes de masse ou contre l’humanité, la société est en amont sensibilisée à ce qu’elle vivra, mais surtout à ce qu’elle devra entériner, voire ce à quoi elle devra participer. À coup de lois et de décrets, des droits sont violés et des privilèges accordés aux individus qui sans grands cas de conscience seront prêts à tout pour que le projet étatique voie le jour. Appartenant à un groupe clairement identifié, les victimes porteraient le poids de tous les maux passés, présents et futurs. Ces personnes sont alors non seulement marginalisées, mais aussi perçues comme méritant leur sort, à tel point que les exécuteurs pensent que celles-ci se laissent docilement mener à leur mort ; perception d’ailleurs largement partagée par ceux-là mêmes qui pourraient ou devraient leur venir en aide. Or, les témoignages des exécuteurs ne laissent guère de doute sur cette supposée docilité et sur leur incapacité à juger leurs actions à leur juste mesure.
Traduire en Ukraine des auteurs français du 19e siècle. Résister pour exister
Authors: Dranenko Galyna
Published: April 2024

Dans cette contribution, l’autrice examine comment les histoires personnelles des auteurs des versions ukrainiennes des textes maupassantiens, flaubertiens et zoliens entrent en écho avec l’histoire de la traduction et l’histoire de l’Ukraine. Étape par étape, elle établit les postures traductives des traducteurs consacrés et bannis, traducteurs en consonnance avec le pouvoir ou en dissidence, traducteurs emprisonnés, déportés et exterminés. En même temps, elle met au jour les stratégies et les tactiques qu’ont employées les traducteurs des œuvres de ces trois romanciers pour non seulement inscrire, mais aussi écrire l’Histoire dans leur propre langue. En effet, dans un pays colonisé où régnaient la censure et la répression, il leur importait de faire acte de résistance en donnant une nouvelle vie à leur langue nationale. Ainsi, et enfin, grâce aux pistes apparues par l’étude de son corpus, l’autrice montre comment à une « culture-colonie », celle d’une littérature nationale opprimée, peut se substituer une « culture-de-la-traduction », propice à sauver et à enrichir une langue maternelle, parce qu’elle est réceptive et capable de s’approprier – au sens d’en faire son « propre » (A. Berman) – des œuvres étrangères.
La naissance de la mode
Authors: Tétu Jean-François
Published: April 2024

La mode, entendue comme usage passager qui dépend du goût, est une des formes essentielles de ce que Karl Marx nommait « fétichisation de la marchandise ». Mais il lui faut des conditions particulières pour s’imposer dans une société ; en effet, les sociétés anciennes comme la République romaine, très ritualisée, ou la société féodale, fondée sur la représentation, ne la connaissent pas sous la forme moderne. Il faut pour cela à la fois une démocratisation, une industrialisation de la production et une médiatisation généralisée. C’est ce que cette contribution suggère, en relevant les traits constitutifs de la production de la mode.
Equity in the Prison Classroom: A learning curve for higher education
Authors: Rendahl Kristi
Published: April 2024

This position paper highlights the ways in which inequities are present within the prison higher education classroom and between the prison- and campus-based classrooms. The exploration of the teaching challenges inherent in this environment, as well as practices to mitigate the impact of the inequities, is useful for college and university faculty and administrators designing prison-based programs. The reflections here are based on experience within both state and federal women’s prisons in the state of Minnesota.
An Anti-Racist Transnational Feminist Note on Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL)
Authors:   Dominik Drabent, Maya Wenzel, TL Jordan, Jenni Lampinen, Mai Ker Thaob, Hamidi Yalda
Published: April 2024

This article critically examines Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) from an anti-racist transnational feminist perspective. It underscores the potential pitfalls of COIL’s multiculturalist assumptions. While the authors acknowledge the benefits of COIL, such as enhanced access to education and opportunities for intercultural learning, they express concerns about power imbalances, language obstacles, and the overemphasis on Western viewpoints. The authors draw from their experiences as scholars and graduate students to illustrate how seemingly harmless activities, like icebreakers, can inadvertently reinforce inequalities rooted in intersectionality. They stress the importance of COIL pedagogy being sensitive to students’ diverse backgrounds, language skills, and cultural contexts. Furthermore, they challenge the possibility of COIL reinforcing existing power hierarchies, especially those centered around language proficiency and Western supremacy. Despite recognizing COIL’s potential in bridging international communities and empowering underrepresented groups, the authors advocate for a critical approach that foregrounds equity and inclusivity. They urge for continued dialogue and cooperation among educators, diversity practitioners, and activists to create more culturally sensitive and sustainable COIL curriculum designs. The authors ultimately argue for the practice of cultural humility and the creation of meaningful intercultural learning experiences that question prevailing power structures and advocate for social justice.
MORPHOMETRIC DIVERSITY AND GENETIC DISPOSTION EVALUATION OF SOME GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata) VARIETIES
Authors: Agbolade J O , Isiaka A I , Idowu J A
Published: April 2024

Diversity study on the variability level of nutritional and anti-nutritional contents acrossavailable accessions could also be a key factor to the selection of superior genotypes forbreeding program. This study identified morphological variability in twenty accessions of Vignaradiata through the multivariate- Principal Component Analysis PCA, Cluster analysis andcorrelation between yield and yield-related parameters. Evaluation of nutritional and anti-nutritional contents through the analysis of protein and Lectin were also adopted for thevariability study. According to the principal component analysis, four principal components hadEigenvalues greater than 1, and accounted for 77% of the total variations using 13 variables.Amongst the first four Principal components, PC1 contributed a high proportion of the totalvariation (37.2%), while others contributed 13.83%, 8.22%, and 7.81% respectively.Hierarchical clustering method separated twenty accessions into three clusters containing six,five and nine accessions respectively. The total protein and hemagglutinating ability of Mungbean extracts from both seeds and leaves investigated revealed low Lectin in leaves and zerolevel of Lectin in the dried seeds. The result showed that accessions such as TVr56, TVr53,TVr43, and TVr59 should be selected during the breeding programme for Mung bean due totheir high protein, low leave Lectin and zero seed Lectin. More importantly, geneticcompatibility study between the evaluated and other improved cultivars from other countriesshould be encouraged.
Estrategias de marketing en redes sociales: Influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor
Authors: Pinto-Molina Sofía
Published: April 2024

El estudio se enfoca en analizar cómo las estrategias de marketing en redes sociales influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor, específicamente en sus decisiones de compra y en la percepción de las marcas en la era digital. Las estrategias de marketing en redes sociales se han convertido en componentes esenciales en la interacción entre empresas y consumidores en este contexto. Investigaciones recientes indican que, especialmente en contextos posteriores a la pandemia, las pequeñas y medianas empresas han adoptado ampliamente tácticas de marketing digital, reconociendo la relevancia de las redes sociales en sus actividades comerciales. En sectores como el hotelero, las redes sociales se han vuelto herramientas indispensables para el marketing a nivel internacional, permitiendo a las empresas alcanzar audiencias globales y promover sus servicios de manera efectiva. Estudios demuestran que estas estrategias ejercen una influencia directa en las decisiones de compra de los consumidores, con una gran cantidad de personas siendo influenciadas por contenido específico en estas plataformas. Además, el mix de marketing juega un papel crucial en la formación de las decisiones de compra, resaltando la importancia de una estrategia integral que abarque diversos aspectos del marketing. Los consumidores cada vez más recurren a las redes sociales como parte de su proceso de investigación previo a realizar compras, lo que destaca la necesidad de que las empresas mantengan una presencia sólida y atractiva en estas plataformas. La creación de contenido valioso en redes sociales emerge como un factor determinante en la percepción de una marca por parte de los consumidores, contribuyendo a establecer relaciones sólidas y duraderas.
Análisis de la accesibilidad de los recursos educativos digitales: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Mejía-Hinojosa Christian Hernán
Published: April 2024

La revisión sistemática sobre la accesibilidad de los recursos educativos digitales revela una necesidad imperativa de abordar las barreras existentes para garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa. El objetivo examinar la accesibilidad de los recursos educativos digitales para identificar barreras existentes y proponer estrategias que promuevan una educación inclusiva y equitativa en entornos digitales, y el análisis exhaustivo de la literatura académica resalta que la mayoría de los recursos educativos digitales presentan deficiencias en términos de accesibilidad, lo que subraya la urgencia de mejorar este aspecto fundamental. La adopción de estándares y pautas reconocidas internacionalmente, como las establecidas por la W3C, se destaca como un enfoque esencial para garantizar la accesibilidad de estos recursos. Sin embargo, se identifica una falta de recomendaciones específicas para mejorar la accesibilidad en muchos de los estudios revisados, lo que resalta la necesidad de desarrollar y difundir mejores prácticas en este ámbito. Se evidencia que el uso de tecnologías de asistencia puede mejorar significativamente la accesibilidad de los recursos educativos digitales, aunque se reconoce la necesidad de continuar investigando y desarrollando tecnologías más avanzadas para abordar las diversas necesidades de los usuarios con discapacidad. La promoción de la conciencia y la capacitación sobre la importancia de la accesibilidad en el ámbito educativo digital se destaca como una acción fundamental para fomentar un cambio significativo en este sentido. En síntesis, esta revisión sistemática subraya la importancia de una acción coordinada y continua para crear un entorno educativo digital verdaderamente inclusivo y equitativo.
Desarrollo de competencias digitales en docentes: Un análisis comparativo de programas de formación continua
Authors: Moya-Carrera Yolanda
Published: April 2024

El análisis comparativo de programas de formación continua para el desarrollo de competencias digitales en docentes revela una diversidad significativa en cuanto a duración, enfoque pedagógico, contenido y evaluación. Se observa una tendencia hacia la oferta de programas virtuales, reflejando la creciente importancia de la formación en línea en el ámbito educativo. Sin embargo, se destaca la necesidad de una mayor atención a la evaluación y seguimiento del progreso de los docentes participantes, así como a la provisión de apoyo continuo después de la finalización del programa. La diversificación del contenido de los programas sugiere una conciencia creciente de la importancia de abordar una amplia gama de habilidades digitales, desde las más básicas hasta las más avanzadas. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de adaptar los programas de formación a las necesidades específicas de los docentes y las demandas del entorno educativo contemporáneo. En síntesis, el análisis comparativo ofrece insights valiosos para la mejora y el diseño futuro de los programas de formación continua, destacando la importancia de la adaptabilidad, la evaluación y el seguimiento para garantizar la efectividad y la relevancia de la formación en competencias digitales en el ámbito educativo.
Work-Life Balance in Managing Stress, Job Satisfaction and Performance: The Wasatiyyah Concept and Neuroscience Perspective
Authors:   Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia, Zolkefley, M.K.I.  , Che Mohd Nassir, C.M.N.  ,   Physiology Unit, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, Jaffer, U.  ,   Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The relationship between work-life imbalance with occupational burnout, and poor mental health outcomes have been widely explored. This working paper aimed to determine how the concept of equilibrium (balance) and moderateness in Islam, or wasatiyyah, could shed some light on this issue. This paper discussed the aspects that needed to be emphasized based on the wasatiyyah concept in work-life balance in managing stress, job satisfaction and work performance. The equilibrium state of four elements which comprised of biological, psychological, social, and spiritual can help to manage contemporary stress-related issues. In addition, the application of wasatiyyah concept can modulate the network and hormonal organization inside our brain, which subsequently affect the performance of our daily work and activities. This ethics component in Islam is integrated in the daily life of a Muslim and bring all-round benefits, from managing stress, job satisfaction to the performance at work.
Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Syah On the Socio-Economy of Terengganu, 1920-1942
Authors:   Department of Nationality and Entrepreneurship Faculty of General Studies and Advanced Education Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Norazilawati Abd Wahab  , Zuliskandar Ramli  ,   Institute of Malay World and Civilization (ATMA) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah  ,   Centre for Research in History, Politics & International Affairs Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The reign of Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah (1920-1942) was a remarkable period in the history of Terengganu. Sultan Sulaiman not merely focused on the fishing industry, but recognised the importance of diversifying the economic activities of Terengganu, a state known for its primary coastal economic activities. The British Assistant Adviser posted in Terengganu, Major H.S. Peterson, confirmed in the early 1930s that the economic development of Terengganu had been proceeding smoothly. This situation indicated that the Sultan was aware of the importance of a more diversified economy to reduce dependence on a single industry for the sustainability of the state and its people. Hence, the aim of this article was to explore the extent of economic success in Terengganu during his reign in the 20th century. In addition, it assessed the development of the textile, copper, and boat industries and how Sultan Sulaiman’s involvement and actions established them as significant economic forces in Terengganu during the stated period. The study employed a qualitative method that involved the collection and analysis of data from primary sources obtained from the National Archives (Kew Garden), namely CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1920-1930) and CO 840/2 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1931-1940). The files of the Secretary State for Terengganu (1920-1942) were also used and obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and the Terengganu Branch of the National Archives. Furthermore, secondary sources such as journals, books, book chapters, and magazines were used to corroborate the study. The research findings indicate that Sultan Sulaiman, despite being the son of Sultan Zainal Abidin III, successfully forged his own leadership identity and credentials. He even encouraged women to get involved in various economic fields at that time. Moreover, the education system, especially in the textile industry, was emphasised due to the interest of his queen, Tengku Ampuan Mariam, in the handicrafts produced by the people of Terengganu.
Transaksi Kewangan dalam Percetakan Bio Tiga Dimensi Menurut Perspektif Islam: Satu Kajian Konsep
Authors:   Akademi Tamadun Islam, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Mohd Mukhlis, M.N.  , Mohammad Naqib, H.  ,   Akademi Tamadun Islam, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Percetakan bio tiga dimensi merupakan teknologi terkedepan yang berpotensi mencetak sesuatu tisu dan organ yang berfungsi secara tiga dimensi. Walaupun belum ada lagi organ yang berjaya dicetak dan diimplan dalam badan manusia, perkembangan penyelidikan terkini menunjukkan bahawa tidak mustahil organ dapat dicetak bagi menggantikan organ asal yang tidak lagi berfungsi. Sekiranya teknologi ini berjaya menghasilkan organ yang dicetak serta diimplan dalam tubuh badan manusia maka isu kekurangan pendermaan organ dapat diatasi. Secara asasnya, pembuatan teknologi ini sudah pasti terdapat kos dalam pembinaannya. Kos ini berkemungkinan besar akan dipindahkan kepada pengguna akhir iaitu penerima organ dan sudah tentu berlakunya transaksi kewangan antara pihak-pihak berkaitan. Timbul persoalan mengenai status Syariah dalam transaksi kewangan tersebut sama ada menepati hukum Syariah atau sebaliknya. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hukum berkaitan transaksi kewangan yang melibatkan teknologi ini berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Shariah. Bagi mencapai objektif ini, kajian telah menggunakan metod kualitatif dengan menganalisis dokumen secara tematik daripada jurnal-jurnal dan buku-buku fiqh klasik mahupun kontemporari. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan setiap hukum yang dipilih bagi menjustifikasikan keharusan atau pengharaman transaksi kewangan yang berlaku dalam teknologi percetakan bio tiga dimensi menghasilkan implikasi Syariah yang berbeza. Hasil kajian ini mampu menjadi panduan untuk pihak industri selain rujukan para penyelidik lain bagi membangunkan kerangka model percetakan bio tiga dimensi patuh Syariah.
The Early Foundations of the Study of other religions in Islamic Thought: Historical and Conceptual Approach.
Authors:   Ibn Khaldun Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Qatar University, Badrane Benlahcene  , Ibrahim Mohammad Zain  ,   College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
Published: April 2024

This research aims to uncover the principles and methods upon which the science of religions is based in Islamic thought, approaching its subject matter from a conceptual-historical perspective. To achieve this, the topic has been addressed from two integrated methodological angles: firstly, the historical tracing of the origins of these principles and methods in relation to the cultural and civilizational context of Muslim society, and secondly, an analysis of the most important methodological foundations that laid the groundwork for the approaches of this science, shaping its character in the study of religious phenomena. The research concluded that this new science, in its historical formation, mainly based on the principles of Tawḥīd (oneness of God), universality of ethics and integration of different methods in the process of evaluating the religious phenomenon. Furthermore, it followed different techniques and methods in the study of religious phenomenon such as description, narration, and translation of scriptures, personal observations, travels and others.
Kosmisko laika apstākļu ietekme uz GPS pozicionēšanas rezultātiem Latvijā
Authors:   , Normanda Madara
Published: April 2024

Promocijas darba mērķis ir pārbaudīt Latvijas GNSS pastāvīgi darbojošos atbalsta staciju stabilitāti ekstremālās Saules aktivitātes situācijās. Pētījumā novērtēta ģeomagnētisko vētru ietekme uz pozicionēšanas precizitāti un koordinātu stabilitāti 11 gadu laikā, aptverot visu Saules aktivitātes 24. ciklu. Darba gaitā veikta kinemātisko risinājumu rezultātu statistiskā analīze saistībā ar jonosfēras kopējo elektronu daudzumu (TEC) un TEC indeksa līmeņu izmaiņu ātrumu (ROTI) vidējo platuma grādu reģionā, Latvijā.
Somatotopic organization among parallel sensory pathways that promote a grooming sequence in Drosophila
Authors: Eichler Katharina , Hampel Stefanie , Alejandro-García Adrián , Calle-Schuler Steven A , Santana-Cruz Alexis , Kmecova Lucia , Blagburn Jonathan M , Hoopfer Eric D , Seeds Andrew M
Published: April 2024

Mechanosensory neurons located across the body surface respond to tactile stimuli and elicit diverse behavioral responses, from relatively simple stimulus location-aimed movements to complex movement sequences. How mechanosensory neurons and their postsynaptic circuits influence such diverse behaviors remains unclear. We previously discovered that Drosophila perform a body location-prioritized grooming sequence when mechanosensory neurons at different locations on the head and body are simultaneously stimulated by dust (Hampel et al., 2017; Seeds et al., 2014). Here, we identify nearly all mechanosensory neurons on the Drosophila head that individually elicit aimed grooming of specific head locations, while collectively eliciting a whole head grooming sequence. Different tracing methods were used to reconstruct the projections of these neurons from different locations on the head to their distinct arborizations in the brain. This provides the first synaptic resolution somatotopic map of a head, and defines the parallel-projecting mechanosensory pathways that elicit head grooming.
Tools and methods for high-throughput single-cell imaging with the mother machine
Authors: Thiermann Ryan , Sandler Michael , Ahir Gursharan , Sauls John T , Schroeder Jeremy , Brown Steven , Le Treut Guillaume , Si Fangwei , Li Dongyang , Wang Jue D , Jun Suckjoon
Published: April 2024

Despite much progress, image processing remains a significant bottleneck for high-throughput analysis of microscopy data. One popular platform for single-cell time-lapse imaging is the mother machine, which enables long-term tracking of microbial cells under precisely controlled growth conditions. While several mother machine image analysis pipelines have been developed in the past several years, adoption by a non-expert audience remains a challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented our own software, MM3, as a plugin for the multidimensional image viewer napari. napari-MM3 is a complete and modular image analysis pipeline for mother machine data, which takes advantage of the high-level interactivity of napari. Here, we give an overview of napari-MM3 and test it against several well-designed and widely used image analysis pipelines, including BACMMAN and DeLTA. Researchers often analyze mother machine data with custom scripts using varied image analysis methods, but a quantitative comparison of the output of different pipelines has been lacking. To this end, we show that key single-cell physiological parameter correlations and distributions are robust to the choice of analysis method. However, we also find that small changes in thresholding parameters can systematically alter parameters extracted from single-cell imaging experiments. Moreover, we explicitly show that in deep learning-based segmentation, ‘what you put is what you get’ (WYPIWYG) – that is, pixel-level variation in training data for cell segmentation can propagate to the model output and bias spatial and temporal measurements. Finally, while the primary purpose of this work is to introduce the image analysis software that we have developed over the last decade in our lab, we also provide information for those who want to implement mother machine-based high-throughput imaging and analysis methods in their research.
Lesions in a songbird vocal circuit increase variability in song syntax
Authors: Koparkar Avani , Warren Timothy L , Charlesworth Jonathan D , Shin Sooyoon , Brainard Michael S , Veit Lena
Published: April 2024

Complex skills like speech and dance are composed of ordered sequences of simpler elements, but the neuronal basis for the syntactic ordering of actions is poorly understood. Birdsong is a learned vocal behavior composed of syntactically ordered syllables, controlled in part by the songbird premotor nucleus HVC (proper name). Here, we test whether one of HVC’s recurrent inputs, mMAN (medial magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium), contributes to sequencing in adult male Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata domestica). Bengalese finch song includes several patterns: (1) chunks, comprising stereotyped syllable sequences; (2) branch points, where a given syllable can be followed probabilistically by multiple syllables; and (3) repeat phrases, where individual syllables are repeated variable numbers of times. We found that following bilateral lesions of mMAN, acoustic structure of syllables remained largely intact, but sequencing became more variable, as evidenced by ‘breaks’ in previously stereotyped chunks, increased uncertainty at branch points, and increased variability in repeat numbers. Our results show that mMAN contributes to the variable sequencing of vocal elements in Bengalese finch song and demonstrate the influence of recurrent projections to HVC. Furthermore, they highlight the utility of species with complex syntax in investigating neuronal control of ordered sequences.
A dynamic generative model can extract interpretable oscillatory components from multichannel neurophysiological recordings
Authors: Das Proloy , He Mingjian , Purdon Patrick L
Published: April 2024

Modern neurophysiological recordings are performed using multichannel sensor arrays that are able to record activity in an increasingly high number of channels numbering in the 100s to 1000s. Often, underlying lower-dimensional patterns of activity are responsible for the observed dynamics, but these representations are difficult to reliably identify using existing methods that attempt to summarize multivariate relationships in a post hoc manner from univariate analyses or using current blind source separation methods. While such methods can reveal appealing patterns of activity, determining the number of components to include, assessing their statistical significance, and interpreting them requires extensive manual intervention and subjective judgment in practice. These difficulties with component selection and interpretation occur in large part because these methods lack a generative model for the underlying spatio-temporal dynamics. Here, we describe a novel component analysis method anchored by a generative model where each source is described by a bio-physically inspired state-space representation. The parameters governing this representation readily capture the oscillatory temporal dynamics of the components, so we refer to it as oscillation component analysis. These parameters – the oscillatory properties, the component mixing weights at the sensors, and the number of oscillations – all are inferred in a data-driven fashion within a Bayesian framework employing an instance of the expectation maximization algorithm. We analyze high-dimensional electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography recordings from human studies to illustrate the potential utility of this method for neuroscience data.
A dynamic generative model can extract interpretable oscillatory components from multichannel neurophysiological recordings
Authors: Das Proloy , He Mingjian , Purdon Patrick L.
Published: April 2024

Modern neurophysiological recordings are performed using multichannel sensor arrays that are able to record activity in an increasingly high number of channels numbering in the 100’s to 1000’s. Often, underlying lower-dimensional patterns of activity are responsible for the observed dynamics, but these representations are difficult to reliably identify using existing methods that attempt to summarize multivariate relationships in a post-hoc manner from univariate analyses, or using current blind source separation methods. While such methods can reveal appealing patterns of activity, determining the number of components to include, assessing their statistical significance, and interpreting them requires extensive manual intervention and subjective judgement in practice. These difficulties with component selection and interpretation occur in large part because these methods lack a generative model for the underlying spatio-temporal dynamics. Here we describe a novel component analysis method anchored by a generative model where each source is described by a bio-physically inspired state space representation. The parameters governing this representation readily capture the oscillatory temporal dynamics of the components, so we refer to it as Oscillation Component Analysis (OCA). These parameters – the oscillatory properties, the component mixing weights at the sensors, and the number of oscillations – all are inferred in a data-driven fashion within a Bayesian framework employing an instance of the expectation maximization algorithm. We analyze high-dimensional electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography recordings from human studies to illustrate the potential utility of this method for neuroscience data.Neuroscience studies often involve simultaneous recordings in a large number of sensors in which a smaller number of dynamic components generate the complex spatio-temporal patterns observed in the data. Current blind source separation techniques produce sub-optimal results and are difficult to interpret because these methods lack an appropriate generative model that can guide both statistical inference and interpretation. Here we describe a novel component analysis method employing a dynamic generative model that can decompose high-dimensional multivariate data into a smaller set of oscillatory components are learned in a data-driven way, with parameters that are immediately interpretable. We show how this method can be applied to neurophysiological recordings with millisecond precision that exhibit oscillatory activity such as electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography.
Carbon content and other soil properties of near-surface peats before and after peatland restoration
Authors: Hammerich Jenny , Schulz Corinna , Probst Robert , Lüdicke Thomas , Luthardt Vera
Published: April 2024

Peatland restoration usually aims at restarting the peatlands’ function to store carbon within peat. The soil properties of the near-surface peat can give a first understanding of this process. Therefore, we sampled pH value, total organic carbon content (TOC), total nitrogen content (TN), C/N ratio as well as dry bulk density (BD), and describe the structure of near-surface peats in six restored fens in North-East Germany before (2002–2004) and after (2019–2021) restoration. Before restoration, the study sites showed peat degradation to various extents in their near-surface peats. pH values remained relatively stable over time. Comparing the degraded peat horizons, TOC increased significantly in four study sites, ranging from 35.7% to 47.8% in 2002–2004 and from 42.5% to 54.0% in 2019–2021. TN varied from 1.5% to 3.5% in 2002–2004 and from 1.8% to 3.2% in 2019–2021, but changes were only significant in one site, showing a slight decrease. In three sites, the increase in C/N ratio was significant, indicating lower nutrient availability. BD ranged from 0.08 to 0.48 g/cm3 in 2002–2004 and from 0.10 to 0.16 g/cm3 in 2019–2021, decreasing significantly in four sites. The structure of the degraded peat horizons changed after restoration to a more homogenous, sludge mass with larger re-aggregates. In three sites, new peat moss peat layers above the degraded soil horizon were present in 2019–2021, with a mean thickness of 6.8 to 36.1 cm. The structure was comparable to typical, slightly decomposed peat moss peat. Our findings suggest that within about 17 years after fen restoration, and thereby a water table rise close to surface, TOC of the near-surface peats increased to values that are typical for undisturbed peatlands. This indicates that restoration can lead to the re-establishment of peatlands as potential carbon sinks, with TOC within the near-surface peat as one key factor in this process. Further, we assume that the decrease in nutrient availability, decrease of BD, and new, undisturbed peat layers can favor the establishment of mire-specific biodiversity and support ecosystem services similar to near-natural mires.