bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CT-Fluoroscopic Guidance for Performance of Targeted Transbronchial Cryobiopsy: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Steinfort Daniel P. , D’Agostino Robert D. , Vrjlic Ivan , Einsiedel Paul , Prasad Jyotika D. , Jennings Barton R. , Heinze Stefan , Irving Louis B.
Published: September 2018

Background: Bronchoscopic transbronchial cryobiopsy is increasingly used for the histological assessment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Diagnostic performance may be improved by more accurate targeting of biopsy to radiologic abnormalities, and complication rates may be reduced by avoiding biopsy of pleura or larger vessels. Objectives: To report the preliminary experience of using CT-fluoroscopic guidance for accurate targeting of bronchoscopic transbronchial cryobiopsy. Methods: Bronchoscopic cryobiopsy was performed in a hybrid CT theatre. 3D CT images were acquired following positioning of the cryoprobe in a distal airway segment. Where cryoprobe position was observed to be too close to the chest wall/diaphragm pleura, or not within the region of interest within the lung parenchyma, re-positioning of probe was undertaken and repeat 3D images were acquired to confirm positioning prior to cryobiopsy. Results: CT-fluoroscopic transbronchial cryobiopsy was successfully performed in 4 patients: 3 patients with interstitial lung infiltrates, and one with an enlarging left upper lobe mass. Images were reviewed following each acquisition to accurately assess the probe position within the lung parenchyma, and relative to other thoracic structures. Intra-procedural imaging was of sufficient quality to allow the accurate positioning of the cryoprobe tip with respect to both the parenchymal region of interest and pleural surfaces. No complications were experienced, and all procedures yielded diagnostic specimens. Conclusions: Our preliminary experience confirms the feasibility of performing transbronchial cryobiopsy under CT-fluoroscopic guidance. Accurate targeting of transbronchial cryobiopsy may be achieved using CT-fluoroscopic guidance. Positioning of the probe tip, both with respect to parenchymal region of interest and to pleural surfaces, can be established with high accuracy.
Three-Year Hospitalization and Mortality in Elderly Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Beghé Bianca , Fabbri Leonardo M. , Garofalo Martina , Schito Michela , Verduri Alessia , Bortolotti Monica , Stendardo Mariarita , Ruggieri Valentina , Fucili Alessandro , Sverzellati Nicola , Della Casa Giovanni , Maietti Elisa , Clini Enrico M. , Boschetto Piera
Published: September 2018

Background: In elderly smokers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) usually present with dyspnoea. COPD and CHF are associated ­almost invariably with concomitant chronic diseases, which contribute to severity and prognosis. Objectives: We investigated similarities and differences in the clinical presentation, concomitant chronic diseases and risk factors for ­mortality and hospitalization at 3-year follow-up in elderly smokers/ex-smokers with a primary diagnosis of COPD or CHF recruited and followed in specialized centers. Methods: We examined 144 patients with COPD and 96 with CHF, ≥65 years, ≥20 pack/years, and measured COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, modified Medical Research Council, NYHA, and Charlson Index, routine blood test, estimated glomerular filtration rate, HRCT scan, 6-min walk test. In addition, in each patient we actively searched for CHF, COPD, peripheral vascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Results: COPD and CHF patients had mild to moderate disease, but the majority was symptomatic. Comorbidities were highly prevalent and often unrecognized in both groups. COPD and CHF patients had a similar risk of hospitalization and death at 3 years. Lower glomerular filtration rate, shorter 6MWT, and ascending aorta calcification score ≥2 were independent predictors of mortality in COPD, whereas previous 12 months hospitalizations, renal disease, and heart diameter were in CHF patients. Lower glomerular filtration rate value, higher CAT score, and lower FEV1/FVC ratio were associated with hospitalization in COPD, while age, lower FEV1% predicted, and peripheral vascular disease were in CHF. Conclusions: There are relevant similarities and differences between patients with COPD and CHF even when admitted to specialized outpatient centers, suggesting that these patients should be manage in multidisciplinary units.
Weather, Weather Changes and the Risk of Bell’s Palsy: A Multicenter Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Franzke Peter , Bitsch Andreas , Walther Mario , Schiffner Rene , Rupprecht Sven , Rasche Marius , Volk Gerd Fabian , Witte Otto W. , Schlattmann Peter , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Hagemann Georg , Schwab Matthias , Rakers Florian
Published: September 2018

Background: To evaluate if weather or changes in weather are risk factors for Bell’s palsy (BP) as exposure to draught of cold air has been popularly associated with the occurrence of BP. Methods: Using a multicenter hospital-based case-crossover study, we analyzed the association between ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity or their 24 h changes and the risk for BP in 825 patients or subgroups. Results: One day following a 24 h increase in atmospheric pressure of more than 6 hPa, the risk for BP increased by 35% (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.03–1.78) in the overall population. The risk for BP more than doubled in patients with diabetes mellitus after rapid variations in ambient temperature, independent of the direction (temperature decrease > 2.25°C; OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.08–4.25; temperature increase between 0.75 and 2.25°C; OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.63–5.10). Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis of an association between certain weather conditions and the risk for BP with acute changes in atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature as the main risk factors. Additionally, contrasting results for risk of BP after temperature changes in the diabetic and non-diabetic subgroups support the paradigm of a diabetic facial palsy as a distinct disease entity.
A Time-Series Analysis of Severe Burned Injury of Skin Gene Expression Profiles
Authors: Xu Hai-Ting , Guo Jian-Chun , Liu Hua-Zhen , Jin Wan-wan
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Major burn injury is one of the main severe forms of wound which lead to a mass of clinical debilitation, this study was to identify core biomarkers for the recovery of severe burned injury. Methods: Gene expression profiles (GSE19743) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was downloaded, followed by background correction, normalization of raw microarray dataset and identification of differential expression genes (DEGs) . Soft clustering of DEGs was used for the screening of gene clusters that with sustained increasing (SIG) and decreasing expression (SDG) profiles along with the recovery process of burned injury. The significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of SIGs and SDGs were obtained through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), based on which the miRNA-gene regulation network for SIGs and SDGs were constructed from the miRWalk database. Results: Ten clusters were obtained through soft clustering. The SIGs and SDGs were found to be closely associated with the biological processes of immune system. The miRNA-gene regulation network analysis suggested different roles between SIGs and SDGs in the recovery of severe burned injury. Furthermore, a bunch of important biomarkers were identified, which would be helpful in the treatment of burned patients. Conclusion: Our current findings suggest an interesting molecular link between transcriptional regulation potentially involved in immunosuppressive state after major burn injury, which warrants further exploration for their utilization in the treatment of major burn injury.
Silence of lncRNA UCA1 Represses the Growth and Tube Formation of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through miR-195
Authors: Yin Dexin , Fu Changgeng , Sun Dajun
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Recent studies have suggested that several lncRNAs contribute to the angiogenic function of endothelial cells. Herein, we set out to reveal whether lncRNA UCA1 has functions in endothelial angiogenesis. Methods: The expression levels of lncRNA UCA1, miR-195 and CCND1 in human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells were altered by transfection. Subsequently, cell viability, migration, tube formation and apoptosis of HMEC-1 cells were respectively assessed. The cross-talk between lncRNA UCA1, miR-195, CCND1, and MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling pathways were investigated by performing qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: Silence of lncRNA UCA1 repressed HMEC-1 cells viability, migration, tube formation, and induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, silence of lncRNA UCA1 significantly up-regulated miR-195 expression. These alterations induced by lncRNA UCA1 were further enhanced by miR-195 overexpression, while were attenuated by miR-195 suppression. Moreover, silence of lncRNA UCA1 deactivated MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling pathways via a miR-195-dependent regulation. And the deactivation of MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling pathways led to a down-regulation of CCND1. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that silence of lncRNA UCA1 largely represses microvascular endothelial cells growth and tube formation. Silence of lncRNA UCA1 exerts its function possibly via up-regulation of miR-195, which in turn inactivates MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling pathways, and ultimately represses CCND1 expression.
Anti-IFN-γ Antibody Promotes Osteoclastogenesis in Human Bone Marrow Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Co-Cultured with Tuberculosis-Activated Th1 Cells
Authors: Deng Jiezhong , Sun Dong , Luo Fei , Zhang Qiang , Chen Feifan , Xu Jianzhong , Zhang Zehua
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Tuberculosis induces bone loss and activates Th1 cells that play an important role in the host defense of Bacille Calmette-Guérin tuberculosis vaccine. However, the role of tuberculosis-activated Th1 cells in differentiation of osteoclast precursors to osteoclasts is unclear. As secretion of IFN-γ in Th1 cells is induced by tuberculosis, we aimed to investigate the role of anti-IFN-γ antibody on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts in bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophages (BMMs). Methods: BMMs were isolated and co-cultured with CD4+T helper 1 cells (Th1 cells), pretreated with anti-IFN-γ antibody. Then, cell proliferation, expression and release of cytokines, formation of actin ring, differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption function were measured by CCK8 assay, qRT-PCR/Western blot/flow cytometry, ELISA, immunofluorescence, tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone absorbance assay, respectively. Results: Anti-IFN-γ antibody inhibited the cell viability of BMMs, and induced the expressions of RANKL, TNF-α, NF-κB and TRAF6 in BMMs. In addition, it led to increased expression levels of RANK on cell surfaces, and increased production of RANKL, TNF-α, MCP-1 and SDF-1. Anti-IFN-γ antibody also induced the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor and actin ring formation, but inhibited the expression of osteoprotegerin. TRAP staining and bone resorption assays showed that anti-IFN-γ antibody induced an increase in osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Conclusion: The anti-IFN-γ antibody induced osteoclast formation, and is probably mediated by RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB, that induces TRAF6 in the RANKL-RANK signaling pathway. Our data suggest an inhibitory role for IFN-γ in osteoclast formation induced by tuberculosis.
Quatro sambas de Orfeus e um pouco mais
Authors: Malka Marina Bonatto , Leite Carlos Augusto Bonifácio
Published: September 2018

Este artigo consiste na análise de algumas canções (de Vinicius de Moraes e Tom Jobim) da peça Orfeu da Conceição (1956), de Vinicius de Moraes, e da adaptação da  peça ao cinema, Orfeu negro (1959), de Marcel Camus (canções de Vinicius, Tom, Luiz Bonfá e Antônio Maria). Diversos ritmos são encontrados (samba-canção, frevo,  pontos de macumba); uma difusão inédita de ritmos brasileiros. Após o filme, as canções se celebrizaram, sendo regravadas pela bossa nova e mimetizadas pelos  músicos de jazz americanos nos anos 1960. É inegável a importância dos álbuns, consagrando principalmente Vinicius de Moraes no panorama internacional. Neste artigo  bserva-se a diferença entre as canções dos álbuns e as que surgiriam a seguir, como uma das raízes primordiais da música popular brasileira das décadas seguintes.
Samba, sambas
Authors: Rezende Gabriel Sampaio Souza Lima , Garcia Walter
Published: September 2018

Apresentação
Sofrer e sorrir – cantar: os sambas de Bide e Marçal
Authors: De Matos Cláudia Neiva
Published: September 2018

O trabalho discute a articulação ambivalente ent re a legr ia e t r i steza, característica de algumas vertentes da poética do samba e apontada em discursos críticos e jornalísticos sobre o gênero. Bastante comum nos sambas das décadas de 1930 e 1940, a conjunção entre chorar e cantar, sofrer e sambar manifesta-se nas letras, mas  também na estrutura integral das obras, incluindo música e performance. Uma letra queixosa pode unir-se a uma melodia animada, incluindo sugestões variadas e  mesmo contrastivas que vêm da interpretação vocal e do acompanhamento instrumental. Para pesquisar esses procedimentos e efeitos no corpo das obras, o trabalho  elege o repertório composto, entre 1933 e 1947, pelos parceiros Alcebíades Barcelos e Armando Marçal, uma das mais constantes e produtivas duplas de compositores da música  popular brasileira.
De Pureza (1937) a Pureza (1940)
Authors: Braga-Pinto César
Published: September 2018

O artigo contrasta o pouquíssimo estudado romance Pureza, de José Lins do Rego, publicado em 1937, com sua praticamente desconhecida adaptação para o cinema,  três anos mais tarde, pela Cinédia, sob direção do português Chianca de Garcia. Busca-se assim iluminar alguns aspectos centrais da política cultural do Estado Novo, em  particular o momento de transição entre o regionalismo na literatura e o novo ideal nacionalista da era Vargas.
Livro traz inventário inédito da produção literária brasileira sobre a ditadura
Authors: Faedrich Anna
Published: September 2018

A literatura como arquivo da ditadura brasileira, da pesquisadora e professora da Universidade Federal Fluminense Eurídice Figueiredo, revisita o tema da ditadura e da  repressão vividas nos anos 1968, por um lado, por meio da análise de textos literários que registraram a experiência desse trauma coletivo, funcionando como verdadeiros arquivos, e, por outro lado, revela o testemunho da própria autora sobre o exílio forçado por perseguições. É um livro fundamental no atual cenário literário  brasileiro de proliferação de narrativas sobre a ditatura. A combinação entre objetividade e subjetividade, análise crítica da literatura e da realidade, pesquisa acadêmica  e relato pessoal, arqueologia literária e memória, dá ao livro um tom peculiar. Dedicada a todos os netos da geração de 1968, incluídos os da autora, a obra inicia com  epígrafes significativas, que falam sobre o real ficcionalizado, a escrita de um trauma e a história da ditadura militar no Brasil, dialogando com reflexões já realizadas por  Jacques Rancière, Maria Rita Kehl, Elio Gaspari e Bernardo Kucinski. Dividida em quatro capítulos, dá o testemunho sobre os tempos difíceis (sobre)vividos na geração 1968.
Samba
Authors: Azevedo Amailton Magno
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende situar o samba sob o prisma da crítica pós-colonial, que permite uma abordagem sobre a cultura negra como uma contestação à modernidade. Importa destacar que o texto se organizou a partir das seguintes questões problematizadoras: estilo negro, corpo negro e microáfrica. Defendo um rearranjo sobre  historiografia que tratou do samba. Que suas origens se encontram na Bahia e Rio de Janeiro já se sabe; o que é necessário é observar que o mapa do samba é dilatado, fluido e multidirecional. A partir desse rearranjo, pretende-se pensar a cidade de São Paulo deslocada do chavão que sempre lhe foi atribuído, como túmulo ou algo  parecido, quando se trata de samba.
Sobre baterias e tamborins
Authors: Barsalini Leandro
Published: September 2018

Ao discorrer sobre determinados aspectos históricos e musicais relativos ao período de configuração do samba enquanto música popular urbana, este artigo levanta dados e reflexões sobre o processo de inserção da bateria – instrumento originado no universo jazzístico – no gênero musical brasileiro, e suas interlocuções junto ao instrumental  onsiderado t ípico, formado por tamborins, surdos, cuícas, ganzás, recos e agogôs.
Transformação de padrões centroafricanos no samba urbano do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Menezes Enrique Valarelli
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende identificar, pelo viés da análise musical, transformações de padrões centro-africanos (linhas-guia em particular) no samba urbano do sudeste brasileiro, à luz do processo colonial e de sua projeção no século XX. Entendendo que as vias transat lânticas desenhadas pelo comércio escravista dão início a uma  ligação entre territórios separados pelo oceano através de uma convivência forçada, desigual e desestabilizadora de grupos diferentes, formulamos a hipótese de que  culturas diversas podem ter assimilado a seu modo as práticas musicais de outras, contribuindo para formar as estruturas complexas daquilo que hoje identificamos como o samba  urbano brasi leiro.
Sleep problems and associated factors in a rural population of a Southern Brazilian city
Authors: Machado Adriana Kramer Fiala , Wendt Andrea , Wehrmeister Fernando César
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the average of a sleep problems score and their associated factors in adults living in rural areas. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study with individuals from the rural area of the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Twenty-four of the 50 census tracts that make up the eight rural districts of the city were randomly selected. Individuals of 18 years of age or older residing in the households chosen were considered eligible. Sleep problems were measured using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire, which ranged from 10 to 70 points and the higher the score, the greater the sleep problems. The independent variables evaluated included socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral and health characteristics. In the analysis, linear regression was used, obeying a previous hierarchical model. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,421 individuals. The average obtained for sleep problems was 29.4 points (95%CI 28.7–30.1). After adjusted analysis, the following variables were associated factors for greater sleep problems: female sex, age greater than or equal to 40 years, lower schooling level, depressive symptoms, pesticide poisoning, and poorer quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The Mini Sleep Questionnaire average in this study was 4.4 points above the cut-off point that established sleep problems. The total points found in the score was high for the rural population. Strategies to improve sleep for these individuals should be focused on higher-risk groups such as women and the elderly and those with pesticide poisoning.
Alcohol-related disorders and associated factors in a rural area in Brazil
Authors: Jaeger Gustavo Pêgas , Mola Christian Loret de , Silveira Mariangela Freitas
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders and associated factors in an exclusively rural population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study of a rural research consortium, conducted in a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil, with adults living in a rural area, using the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). The analysis included the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders and associated factors, such as the sociodemographic, family, and health factors; it was carried out by Poisson regression, in a hierarchical analysis model, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The final sample amounted to 1,519 subjects. The prevalence of alcohol-related disorders (AUDIT ≥ 8) was 8.4% (95%CI 7.0–9.8). Risk factors for alcohol-related disorders were being male (PR = 8.2, 95%CI 4.82–14.16), age group between 18 and 29 years (PR = 3.29, 95%CI 1.80–6.0), and smoking (PR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.03–3.43). The practice of religion (PR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.25–0.58) and education level between nine and 11 years (PR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.16–0.69) were protective factors with statistical significance. Marital status and social status were not associated with the outcome studied. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of alcohol-related disorders in the rural population is high, but, on average, it is lower than that found in urban populations. Risk and protective factors were similar to those found in previous studies. Men, younger persons, and smokers are at higher risk for alcohol-related disorders. On the other hand, practicing a religion and having a higher education level were protective factors.
Factors associated with the quality of the diet of residents of a rural area in Southern Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Mayra Pacheco , Bielemann Renata Moraes , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with a better quality of the diet of residents of a rural area in Southern Brazil. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with individuals aged 18 years or over living in the rural area of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Food consumption was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire of thirteen items, related to the consumption in the last week. We evaluated quality of the diet using the Adult Diet Quality Index (IQD-A). Healthy food received increasing scores while unhealthy food received decreasing scores, according to consumption frequency, amounting to scores from zero to 30. The total score was divided into tertiles. Individuals of the third tertile were classified with better quality of the diet. We investigated the association between quality of the diet and independent variables using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: We interviewed 1,519 individuals with mean IQD-A of 17.1 points (SD = 3.3) and a median of 17.0 (range of 10 to 25 points). Although the population studied kept the consumption of staple foods, the intake of industrialized food such as soft drinks, artificial juices, and unhealthy foods such as sweets was high. Older individuals presented seven times (95%CI 4.20–12.48) more chance of having a better quality of the diet. Women, individuals with higher economic status, those who worked in the sale of animals, or those who had diabetes were approximately twice as likely to be in the group with the best quality of the diet. Individuals whose families worked with fishing presented a 70% lower chance of being in the group of better quality of the diet. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that men, younger adults, individuals of lower socioeconomic level, and fishing families were in the group of higher vulnerability for the consumption of a diet with worse quality. Thus, public policies, especially educational policies, are needed to promote healthy eating in this group.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Poropuntius (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: MUHAMMAD-RASUL ABDULLAH HALIM , RAMLI ROSLI , LOW VAN LUN , AHMAD AMIRRUDIN , GRUDPAN CHAIWUT , KOOLKALYA SONTAYA , KHAIRONIZAM MD. ZAIN
Published: September 2018

Up to three nominal species of the cyprinid fish genus Poropuntius (i.e. P. deauratus [Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842], P. normani [Smith 1931], and P. smedleyi [de Beaufort 1933]) have been reported to occur in Peninsular Malaysian freshwater ecosystems. However, low morphological differentiation among species of Poropuntius causes confusion and it is still unknown how many valid species of Poropuntius occur in this region. The goal of this study is to review the taxonomic status of Poropuntius in Peninsular Malaysia by using morphological and molecular characters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on a morphometric dataset including 281 specimens of Poropuntius from Peninsular Malaysia and P. normani from Thailand (type locality) failed to identify non-overlapping clusters within sampled specimens. A phylogenetic tree based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) showed intraspecific levels of genetic differentiation within Poropuntius of Peninsular Malaysia and the specimens of P. normani from Thailand form a monophyletic group. Our results strongly support the presence of only one species of Poropuntius in Peninsular Malaysia, P. normani. We demonstrate that P. smedleyi described from Johor, southern Peninsular Malaysia, is a junior synonym of P. normani. The previous reports of the presence of P. deauratus in Peninsular Malaysia are doubtful because this species was described from Vietnam where, in all evidence, it is endemic.
Revision of the genus Nephelomilta Hampson, 1900, with descriptions of twelve new species and two new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL
Published: September 2018

The genus Nephelomilta Hampson, 1900 is revised. The genus Kailasha Singh & Kirti, 2015 is synonymized with Nephelomilta. Twelve new species, N. admiranda, sp. nov. (NE India), N. kanchenjunga, sp. nov. (NE India), N. wolfgangspeideli, sp. nov. (S Vietnam), N. ranau, sp. nov. (Sumatra), N. bana, sp. nov. (C Vietnam), N. martini, sp. nov. (N Vietnam), N. thomaswitti, sp. nov. (Nepal, NE India), N. fangae, sp. nov. (China: Hainan), N. hortensis, sp. nov. (N Thailand), N. melli, sp. nov. (E and S China), N. ferruginea, sp. nov. (Sumatra) and N. diehli, sp. nov. (Sumatra), and two new subspecies, N. sumatrana effractoida, ssp. nov. (N India and Indochina) and N. hortensis fansipana, ssp. nov. (N Vietnam) are described. Barsine fuscobarsine, 2016 is synonymized with Nephelomilta suffusa (Hampson, 1891). Eleven new combinations are established and three taxa previously treated as junior synonyms of N. effracta are upgraded to species level: N. taprobana (Hampson, 1901), comb. nov., N. sumatrana (van Eecke, 1927), comb. & stat. nov., N. gulmargensis (N. Singh, Kirti & D.P. Singh, 2015), comb. nov., N. effracta (Walker, 1854), comb. nov., N. pseudoeffracta (Kirti, Joshi & N. Singh, 2013), comb. nov., N. klapperichi (Daniel, 1952), comb. nov., N. pellucida (Rothschild, 1936), comb. nov., N. babensis (Bae & Bayarsaikhan, 2017), comb. nov., N. karenkonis (Matsumura, 1930), comb. & stat. nov., N. angkorensis (Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2016), comb. nov., N. pusilla (Wileman, 1910), comb. & stat. nov. Lectotypes for Chionaema effracta sumatrana van Eecke, 1927, Chionaema pellucida Rothschild, 1936 and Chionaema pusilla Wileman, 1910 are designated.
JENNIFER M. BOSCO & ANGELA CHUANG (2018) A new species of grass spider, Agelenopsis riechertii, from the Southwestern USA, with notes on its courtship behavior (Araneae: Agelenidae). Zootaxa, 4442: 579–583.
Authors: BOSCO JENNIFER M. , CHUANG ANGELA
Published: September 2018

We made changes in the description of a new Agelenopsis spider species, Agelenopsis riechertae. Firstly, we declare the male holotype and a type repository to validate the species description, which was previously omitted. The original Latin name has been feminized from Agelenopsis riechertii to Agelenopsis riechertae.
Chinja, a new genus of spider from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania (Araneae, Zoropsidae)
Authors: POLOTOW DANIELE , GRISWOLD CHARLES
Published: September 2018

The new zoropsid spider genus Chinja Polotow & Griswold is diagnosed and described and the following two new species are described: C. chinja sp. nov. and C. scharffi sp. nov. The species were collected in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and appear to be endemic to this region. The genus belongs to the oval-calamistrum clade (OC Clade), which also includes Dionycha and Lycosoidea. Based on the synapomorphies and diagnostic characters of members of the OC Clade, Chinja is considered a member of Zoropsidae, although without a clear subfamily placement due to insufficient data. Males of Chinja can be distinguished from other Zoropsidae by a straight PER, by lacking a tibial crack, by having a male palpal cymbium with a retrobasal process and the male palpal tibia with an RTA and a retromedian cluster of stout setae. Females have a divided cribellum with cribellar spigots evenly arranged, and the epigynum with the median plate broad and laterally procurved into hooks, and the lateral lobes each with a wide tooth. The following set of characters can be also helpful to identify the genus: presence of a third tarsal claw, absence of claw tufts and presence of a cribellum and calamistrum.
The Optical Autocovariance Wind Lidar. Part I: OAWL Instrument Development and Demonstration
Authors: Tucker Sara C. , Weimer Carl S. , Baidar Sunil , Hardesty R. Michael
Published: September 2018

We present the motivation, instrument concept, hardware descriptions, and initial validation testing for a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) system that uses optical autocovariance (OA) in a field-widened quadrature Mach–Zehnder interferometer lidar to measure Doppler shifts from atmospheric-aerosol-backscattered laser light. We describe system architectures for three different generations of the direct-detection aerosol Optical Autocovariance Wind Lidar (OAWL) system, including the current two-line-of-sight, dual-wavelength (355 and 532 nm) airborne configuration, designed to be an airborne demonstrator for potential space-based global wind measurement applications. We provide meter-per-second-precision results from a ground-based 355-nm OAWL aerosol winds measurement validation study alongside another DWL, results from an autumn 2011 airborne validation testing performed with radar wind profiler data, and wind measurement results from airborne validation flight testing using the 532-nm wavelength in spring 2016.
Evaluating the Combined Effects of Weather and Real-Time Traffic Conditions on Freeway Crash Risks
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Wang Chen , Liu Pan
Published: September 2018

The study presented in this paper investigated the combined effects of environmental factors and real-time traffic conditions on freeway crash risks. Traffic and weather data were collected from a 35-km freeway segment in the state of California, United States. The weather conditions were classified into five categories: clear, light rain, moderate/heavy rain, haze, and mist/fog. Logistic regression models using unmatched case-control data were developed to link the likelihood of crash occurrences to various traffic and environmental variables. The sample size requirements for case-control studies and the interaction between traffic and environmental variables were considered. The model estimation results showed that the light rain, moderate/heavy rain, and mist/fog significantly increase freeway crash risks. The interaction between light rain and upstream occupancy was also found to be statistically significant. Bootstrap analyses were conducted to quantify the interaction effect between these two variables. The crash risk model was compared to a reduced model in which environmental information was not included. It was found that the inclusion of environmental information improved both goodness of fit and prediction performance of the crash risk prediction model. The inclusion of environmental information in crash risk models improved the prediction accuracy of crash occurrences by 6.8% and reduced the false alarm rate by 1.3%. It was also found that the inclusion of environmental information had minor impacts on the prediction performance of the crash risk model in clear weather conditions.
Avoiding Trouble: Exploring Environmental Risk Information Avoidance Intentions.
Authors: Kahlor Lee Ann , Olson Hilary Clement , Markman Arthur B. , Wang Wan
Published: September 2018

This study explores predictors of risk information avoidance intentions in the context of a novel environmental threat—induced earthquakes in Texas. Given the paucity of research on risk information avoidance, this work was guided by a cognitive information behavior model. Survey data ( N = 541) from a random sample of Texas adults allowed us to explore these variables. While previous research has shown risk information seeking intentions to be robustly guided by a number of constructs, our current data suggest that risk information avoidance intentions may be more narrowly predicated on risk information avoidance-related subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived knowledge insufficiency. We discuss these findings and suggest avenues for future environmental risk research.
Effect of Pharmacist Clinic Visits on 30-Day Heart Failure Readmission Rates at a County Hospital
Authors: Hahn Lucy , Belisle Matthew , Nguyen Sarah , Snackey Alvarez Kristin , Das Sandeep
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of different pharmacist visit types on reducing readmission rates. Method: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to July 2017. Patients were 18 years or older with an index heart failure (HF) exacerbation admission. Upon hospital discharge, patients were seen in clinic by a clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) with collaborative practice agreement (CPA) (High Intensity Bundle), medication therapy management (MTM) pharmacist without CPA (Low Intensity Bundle), or no pharmacist (Standard of Care [SOC]). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause readmission rate. Secondary outcomes included rate of 30-day HF readmissions and average number of days until readmission in those who were readmitted. Results: Totally, 98 patients were included in the final analysis (35 High Intensity Bundle, 28 Low Intensity Bundle, and 35 SOC). The primary outcome of all-cause readmissions was lower in both the pharmacist groups compared with SOC (CPS 8.6% [3/35] vs SOC 25.7% [9/35], P = 0.046 and MTM 7.1% [2/28] vs SOC 25.7% [9/35], P = 0.057). Incremental differences were seen between visit types for the secondary outcome of 30-day HF readmissions (CPS 2.9% vs MTM 7.1% vs SOC 17.1%, P = 0.039). The average number of days until readmission was longer in the CPS versus the MTM and SOC (26.7 days vs 12.5 days vs 14.1 days, respectively). Conclusion: Post-hospital discharge pharmacist visits were associated with lower 30-day all-cause readmission. In particular, clinic visits with a Higher Intensity Bundle may be more effective in reducing HF readmissions. These exploratory findings warrant further investigation.
When Relevance Is No Longer the Question
Authors: Preston DeShawn Calvin , Palmer Robert Terry
Published: September 2018

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are not monolithic as they differ in size, curriculum specializations, and a host of other characteristics. However, HBCUs share a mission of providing a higher education for Black students within the broader context of a discriminatory social environment. The ability to understand and articulate the fundamental characteristics, which shape Black colleges, can provide more nuanced conversations about these institutions’ contributions toward addressing equity and access for Black students in higher education. Historically, scholars have used social and cultural capital to explain the role HBCUs play in Black students’ academic careers. However, this article uses Community Cultural Wealth to discuss the various forms of capital that HBCUs impart to their students. Specifically, in this article, we argue that using such a lens when discussing HBCUs is important because it provides a more holistic and broader outlook regarding the forms of culture HBCUs provide to their students.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Chen Q. , Zhao Y. , Shen G. , Dai J.
Published: September 2018

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a common congenital malformation of the craniofacial region. There are 3 possible pathogenic models of HFM—vascular abnormality and hemorrhage in the craniofacial region, damage to Meckel’s cartilage, and the abnormal development of cranial neural crest cells—and the most plausible hypothesis is the vascular abnormality and hemorrhage model. These 3 models are interrelated, and none of them is completely concordant with all the variable manifestations of HFM. External environmental factors (e.g., thalidomide, triazene, retinoic acid, and vasoactive medications), maternal intrinsic factors (e.g., maternal diabetes), and genetic factors (e.g., the recently reported mutations in OTX2, PLCD3, and MYT1) may lead to HFM through ≥1 of these pathogenic processes. Whole genome sequencing to identify additional pathogenic variants, biological functional studies to understand the exact molecular mechanisms, and additional animal model and clinical studies with large stratified samples to elucidate the pathogenesis of HFM will be necessary. Small-molecule drugs, as well as CRISPR/CAS9-based genetic interventions, for the prevention and treatment of HFM may also be a future research hotspot.
Do not forsake the assembly: The importance of Christian community
Authors: Dibley Peter
Published: September 2018

The Church in America (Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant) is facing a critical challenge in the twenty-first century. That challenge is that more and more people are leaving Church. Research has found that of the 73% of Americans who call themselves Christian only 31% go to church at least once a month. Those who are leaving the Church fall into three groups: “those who love Jesus, but not the Church,” “Church refugees,” and “dones.” Each of these groups shares a few common bonds. They are discouraged and fed up with being hurt by other Christians and being stifled by Church bureaucracy. Most of all they are discouraged by what they feel to be a lack of community in the Church. Thus, they are finding community in other places outside the Church. The Bible has a lot to say about the importance of Christian community, and specifically the community of the Church. This article explores passages in both the First and Second Testaments that strongly encourage community and set forth the benefits of community, especially within the Church. The article also presents an example within a local church about the care, love, and support a family experienced during a time of crisis from the church. In addition, the article also emphasizes how important it is to give witness to how the Church rallies to form community. The family shared their story and their expression of gratitude to the church. This article tells their story to inspire and offer hope to those who have gone through tragedy and have given up on the Church.
Working-class politics and cultural capital: Considerations from transformations of the French left
Authors: Mischi Julian
Published: September 2018

Cultural capital is a relevant and useful concept for analysing working-class activism, provided that it is not reduced to educational capital and particular attention is given to its incorporated forms. Workers acquire resources from activism that may compensate for their paucity of formal educational qualifications, thus allowing them to build an activism-based cultural capital. From this perspective, the activities of workers who become full-time union officers may be considered as activist work, calling on specific skills and offering possibilities for social ascension that set them apart from their former peers still doing manual work. This analysis of such activist promotion is based on long-term fieldwork among unionised railway workers in a rural town in France. This case study addresses transformations in the worker-activist profile, notably in changed logics for forming activism-based cultural capital and weakened ties drawing activists into the political field. Approaching left-leaning activism ‘from below’ ultimately sheds light on how it is being reshaped and the ever-greater separation of trade union and political party spheres. The study also elucidates the expanding divide between the working classes and political elites that can be observed in many European countries, especially in rural areas.
Robust Waveform Design of Ultrasound Arrays for Medical Imaging
Authors: Gholampour Amir , Sakhaei Sayed Mahmoud , Andargoli Seyed Mehdi Hosseini
Published: September 2018

Sound speed is an effective parameter in designing an optimal beamformer. In conventional ultrasound imaging systems, the beamformer is designed assuming a fixed value of speed, whereas the speed in a tissue is not known precisely and also may fluctuate by a great value. The errors in estimating sound speed may lead to a severe degradation in the reconstructed image, as mainlobe width and sidelobe level of the beampattern are sensitive to the speed variations. In this paper, we consider the design of a transmit beamformer, which is robust to the speed variations. The problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem versus the covariance matrix of the excitation waveforms to obtain a beampattern with predefined mainlobe width and a minimum sidelobe level for all possible variations of speed. Then, by eigen-analysis of the obtained covariance matrix, a set of nonidentical single-carrier short-pulses for the excitation waveforms were designed. Various simulations indicate that the proposed method can yield a robust beampattern whose mainlobe width and sidelobe level almost remain constant by 10% speed variations. In contrast, the beampatterns obtained by nonrobust methods suffer extensive changes.
Medical Treatment for Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Hsu Yuan‐Pin , Hsu Chin‐Wang , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Cheng Sheng‐Wei , Chen Chiehfeng
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study (PROSPERO ID: CRD42017081952) was to evaluate medical treatment for epistaxis from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were interrogated from their inceptions to November 2017.

Review Methods

Randomized clinical trials comparing medical treatment with placebo for epistaxis of HHT were included. We used a random‐effects model to synthesize overall effects. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic.

Results

Eight studies were identified after systematic searching. The use of bevacizumab (BV), tranexamic acid, and estrogen, regardless of the route of administration, had no significant influence on frequency of episodes. Tamoxifen was superior to placebo in both frequency and severity of epistaxis. For duration of epistaxis, nasal spray BV, oral or nasal spray tranexamic acid, and nasal spray estrogen had no significant differences versus placebo, but patients receiving submucosal BV showed lower duration of epistaxis (mean difference: −219.00 min/mo, 95% CI: −271.90 to −166.10). Medical treatment for HHT had no significant changes of mean hemoglobin concentration (pooled mean difference: −0.23 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.65 to 0.20, I2 = 0%) or quality of life (pooled standardized mean difference: 0.07, 95% CI: −0.16 to 0.30, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

Only limited evidence provides a benefit on frequency of epistaxis by treatment with tamoxifen and duration of epistaxis by treatment with submucosal BV among patients with HHT. Mean hemoglobin concentration and quality of life were not influenced by medical treatment.
Heterology or ‘The Science of the Excluded Part’: An Introduction
Authors: Galletti Marina , Boyne Roy
Published: September 2018

The text introduces the special issue on Georges Bataille and his idea of heterology. The editors, Marina Galletti and Roy Boyne, immediately point out the novelty of Bataille’s heterology, both in the academic and political contexts of the 1920s and the present day. It is suggested that Bataille’s heterology is neither a technical-philosophical notion nor a definitive concept. Rather, heterology represents the challenge of the illicit parts of our human existence to any constituted power that proclaims itself as hierarchical, authoritarian, absolute order. Heterology is the revolt of the excluded part – which Bataille sees mainly in the hidden parts of our human body – against a world made up by idealised abstractions. The different sections of the introduction illustrate how Bataille makes heterology operate as a critical and disruptive dispositive in all fields of our knowledge: art, politics, philosophy, economy. This emphasis is also to be found in the various contributions to the special issue, which are briefly discussed in the introduction. Finally, the reader is introduced to the dimension of the ‘completely other’ that Bataille’s heterology opens up and leaves incomplete, as if it were an excluded part that constantly escapes from all human efforts to grasp it firmly.
Story of a Secret Society
Authors: Galletti Marina
Published: September 2018

This article aims to retrace the history of the Acéphale secret society and its role in the development of the work of Bataille, notably the unfinished project of the Atheological Summa ( Somme athéologique) . Based on sociological notions of the ‘secret society’ and ‘the society of men’, it updates the dual aspects of Acéphale: a diurnal or ‘political’ aspect constituted by the publication of the journal Acéphale, and afterwards by the public activity of the College of Sociology; and a nocturnal or religious side, as evidenced by the activity of the secret society itself, an activity aiming to strengthen the communitarian link amongst the followers, and to open them up to what Caillois would call ‘a broader conspiracy’.
Abdelwahab Elmessiri’s Islamic humanism
Authors: Ali Haggag
Published: September 2018

Abdelwahab Elmessiri’s intellectual journey narrates the story of modern ideologies that have led to the marginalization of divine revelation, giving rise to materialistic worldviews that promise their adherents progress, happiness, and freedom. Elmessiri, however, introduced a critical sociology that underlines the dark side of modernity, stressing that modernity has transformed humankind into a bundle of biological functions, economic needs, contractual relationships, instincts, and sexual drives. The end of utopian ideologies and the rise of globalization have radicalized the situation, which Elmessiri refers to as ‘comprehensive secularism.’ Against this background, Elmessiri experienced many moments of illumination, culminating in his advocacy of an ‘Islamic humanism’ that sees human life as complex phenomenon permeated with secrets, dualities, and diversities. This review, however, argues that Elmessiri’s Islamic humanism is ironically based on humanist Marxism and Western critical sociology.
Spatiotemporal analysis of impaired microglia process movement at sites of secondary neurodegeneration post-stroke
Authors: Kluge Murielle G , Abdolhoseini Mahmoud , Zalewska Katarzyna , Ong Lin Kooi , Johnson Sarah J , Nilsson Michael , Walker Frederick R
Published: September 2018

It has recently been identified that after motor cortex stroke, the ability of microglia processes to respond to local damage cues is lost from the thalamus, a major site of secondary neurodegeneration (SND). In this study, we combine a photothrombotic stroke model in mice, acute slice and fluorescent imaging to analyse the loss of microglia process responsiveness. The peri-infarct territories and thalamic areas of SND were investigated at time-points 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after stroke. We confirmed the highly specific nature of non-responsive microglia processes to sites of SND. Non-responsiveness was at no time observed at the peri-infarct but started in the thalamus seven days post-stroke and persisted for 56 days. Loss of directed process extension is not a reflection of general functional paralysis as phagocytic function continued to increase over time. Additionally, we identified that somal P2Y12 was present on non-responsive microglia in the first two weeks after stroke but not at later time points. Finally, both classical microglia activation and loss of process extension are highly correlated with neuronal damage. Our findings highlight the importance of microglia, specifically microglia dynamic functions, to the progression of SND post-stroke, and their potential relevance as modulators or therapeutic targets during stroke recovery.