bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Transportation Modes in Basra Sanjak: 1945-1958
Authors: Darweesh Ali Jabbar
Published: April 2024

Land transportation is the oldest means used by humans to transport various goods. This method has evolved over the centuries to what we see today in the use of trucks of various types in transportation operations. Truck transportation is considered the best type of transportation in various countries of the world. If money is the lifeblood of the economy, then transportation in its various forms and means, such as water transportation (maritime and riverine), air transportation, and land transportation (rail and truck), is considered the lifeblood of the economy at all times. It is considered a necessity for development and a support for foreign trade and tourism activities. It is a link between different countries of the world. Several laws have been enacted and many international agreements have been concluded to regulate the work of these means. Therefore, land transportation is of great importance in Iraq in general and Basra in particular, due to its distinguished geographical location, as well as the low cost of land transportation compared to other means of transportation. The research was divided into three sections. The first section dealt with land roads, railways, the Public Transport Authority, and the bus project. The second section dealt with river transport, and the third section dealt with air traffic.
Psychometric Review of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (EAS - IC) in Peruvian Adolescents
Authors: Quiroz Fernando Joel Rosario , Villanueva Isabel Catherine Cueva , Isabel Denegri -Velarde María , Quesada Tania Quiroz , Gálvez Felix Cáceres , Yaranga Wilmer Infanzón , Carazas Rafael Romero-
Published: April 2024

The excessive use of smartphones has raised concerns about their impact on psychological and social well-being. This study developed and validated the Smartphone Addiction Scale (EAS - IC) in Peruvian adolescents. Three dimensions were examined: Smartphone Hobby, Frustration Tolerance, Interpersonal Relationships and Social Perception. A total of 1012 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years were included. Analyses showed that all items met homogeneity and validity criteria. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated good fit for the original model and for gender groups. However, no overall factor was found, suggesting that the dimensions are independent. The alpha and omega coefficients showed good reliability for all dimensions and sex groups. The scale provides a valid and reliable tool to measure smartphone addiction in Peruvian adolescents, with direct scores and established percentiles. It highlights the importance of addressing this problem in the Peruvian context and adapting measurement tools to better understand its psychological and social implications. This study contributes to the development of instruments adapted to specific cultural contexts, addressing the need to better explore and understand smartphone addiction, especially among adolescents, a population vulnerable to its effects.
Integration of Islamic Values Within Science Based on Islamization of Human Knowledge (IOHK) Theory or Philosophy
Authors: Yaacob Solehah , Haron Ismail
Published: April 2024

This discussion on the integration of Islamic values within the sciences is focused mainly on the views and preoccupation of Malaysian proponents of the Islamization of human knowledge (IOHK) concept who expressed their views and views of their other Muslim associates either in Malaysia or abroad. Necessarily, a historical backdrop on the significance and centrality of knowledge in Islamic civilization is mentioned to emphasize why some proponents of IOHK regard this approach as a jihad of the 21st century. It is in particular to them a jihad to restore science to its rightful position within the trajectory in conformity with the teaching of Islam so that science would not be used without impunity to fuel human greed that could cause serious hazards to humankind. Islamization enterprise or Islamicization (a more appropriate term ) has been triggered mainly to protect the sanctity of knowledge as conceived and understood in the Islamic perspective from the onslaught of the conception of knowledge purported by Western scientists and scholars within the worldview formed and shaped by naturalism, materialism, and positivism perspectives. The analytical and critical approaches are used as methods of discussion.
Evaluation of Lipper Knowledge Effectiveness Oblique-line Shape on Butterflies via a Transformation Method: Correlation with Rectangular-shape-structure
Authors: Kim Jeong-lae , Cho Kyung-seu
Published: April 2024

Small and large sporophylls grow at the end of the axis of the reproductive organ of the flower, and the ends of the peduncles have various shapes and colors, and each has different characteristics depending on the type of plant. The flowering of various fractal-structures has nanostructures, making them an important element in the engineering of fractal-structures. The forming model of butterflies that can be calculated symmetrically is an oblique-line shape that changes into a scalelike-shaped-butterfly-dot of a one-branch-tree according to the fractal-line on the surface using the lipper-rumbling method. The butterflies lipper knowledge figuration is a butterflies lipper rumbling figuration that organizes the one-branch-tree state into the twinkling knowledge rate (TKR) and imbalance knowledge rate (IKR) shown in a scalelike-shaped-butterfly-dot pattern. The lipper transformation technology was organized to use the knowledge rate condition in the spill-over rumbling system. The butterflies lipper rumbling figuration using the knowledge rate condition was configured to generate a spill-over rumbling system. The spill-over-down structure that transforms the scalelike-shaped-butterfly-dot pattern changed the lipper layer point to a rectangular-shape-structure to obtain the butterflies lipper value. The butterflies lipper rumbling figuration, which uses the concept of knowledge rate, uses transformation signals to represent the twinkling rate and imbalance rate. The butterflies lipper-rumbling figuration was expressed by combining the maximum-minimum points generated from the TKR-IKR transformation. As a result of far transformation into oblique-line shape, the lipper value of Li-kf-FA-ΨMED-MIN was found to be 14.67±7.32, and in convenient transformation, the lipper value of Li-kf-CO-ΨMED-MIN was 4.48±0.46. In the flank transformation, the lipper value of Li-kf-FL-ΨMED-MIN was found to be 1.29±0.32, and in the vicinage transformation, the lipper value of Li-kf-VI-ΨMED-MIN was found to be 0.23±0.07. The rectangular-shape-structure with an oblique-line shape is a knowledge rate system that improves the ability of butterflies lipper-rumbling figuration, generates the rectangular-shape degree knowledge rate of TKR-IKR, and configures twinkling and imbalance figuration. Knowledge figuration in oblique-line shape can detect figuration by imbalance signal and perform mathematical modeling of lipper data of fractal-structures by utilizing spill-over knowledge system.
EFFECTS OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS IN STABLE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE : A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Apriyanto Anggy , Nova Lusiana
Published: April 2024

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids aid COPD patients by improving lung function and reducing exacerbations. The combination of ICS and LABA is more effective than LABA alone, indicating that blood eosinophilia influences therapy efficacy. Patients with low peak inspiratory flow may not receive enough delivery, necessitating the use of spacers to enhance inhaler actuation and inspiration timing. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the effects of inhaled corticosteroids in stable COPD in the last 10 years.
Methods: This systematic review used the PRISMA 2020 principles and examined full-text English literature published between 2014 and 2024. Submissions without a DOI were not taken into consideration, nor were editorials and review papers from the same publication. Online resources like PubMed, SagePub, and ScienceDirect were used to compile the literature.
Result: Initially, our study team gathered over 60,000 papers from reputable websites such as PubMed, SagePub, and ScienceDirect. Only five papers were found to be directly relevant to our ongoing systematic review after a thorough three-level filtering approach. These publications were then selected for further research through full-text reading.
Conclusion: ICS is an effective treatment for COPD because it reduces inflammation, improves airway remodelling, and lowers bacterial load. Higher doses are more effective, because budesonide inhalation enhances lung function.
Pioneering Efforts and the Key Players of Political Activism in Nsukka Art School
Authors: Adedokun Samson Adedigba , Osiboye Oluwaseun Opeyemi
Published: April 2024

This study examines the pioneering efforts of Nsukka Art School in political activism. The school is noted for its Uli Art and exploration of installation art, gaining scholarly attention after the Civil War in 1970. Two distinguished pioneers and two artists were selected to discuss activism trends. The study aims to highlight the painting styles of these artists, expressing the ideologies of the School and its political activism from the 1980s onwards. Qualitative research with a historical bias was adopted. The works of Uche Okeke, Chike Aniakor, Obiora Udechukwu, and Krydz Ikwuemsi are discussed, showcasing their contributions to socio-political history through activism. Nsukka Art School is recognized not only for its cultural traditions but also for its radicalism and political activism. The study recommends documenting these activisms for posterity and advocates for using art to address societal issues.
Ethnomedicinal plants used by the Bagata Tribes of Paderu Forest Division, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Satyavathi K
Published: April 2024

Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted among the ethnic group of Bagata tribes inhabited in Paderu Division of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh during 2013-2014. The informants are all of 50-60 years of age. A total of 30 plant taxa belonging to 20 families pertaining to 26 genera were reported. All the plant species need to be evaluated through phytochemical investigations to discover their potentiality as new drugs for better health. The present study reports a high degree novelty in the use, mode of administration of plants among the Bagata tribes reflecting the revival of interest in traditional medicine.
Innovation Nexus: Shaping the Future with DesignTech
Authors: pasupuleti Murali krishna
Published: April 2024

In the chapter "Innovation Nexus: Shaping the Future with DesignTech," we delve into the transformative confluence of design and technology, a fusion poised to redefine the contours of our future. This exploration highlights how the integration of innovative design thinking with cutting-edge technological advancements—DesignTech—serves as a pivotal force in addressing contemporary challenges across various domains, including healthcare, education, transportation, and sustainability. Through a comprehensive analysis, the chapter illuminates the principles underpinning human-centered design, the impact of emerging technologies, and the significance of sustainability and ethical considerations in the development of DesignTech solutions. It also showcases real-world applications and case studies from diverse industries, illustrating the broad spectrum of possibilities that DesignTech opens up for creating more inclusive, efficient, and sustainable futures. The narrative underscores the critical role of interdisciplinary education and cross-sector collaboration in fostering the next generation of innovators and emphasizes the necessity of a collective approach to navigating the complexities of modern challenges. Concluding with a visionary outlook, "Innovation Nexus: Shaping the Future with DesignTech" calls for a unified effort to harness the potential of this nexus, encouraging readers to contribute to a movement that promises to craft a future aligned with the highest human values.
Keywords/Index Terms
DesignTech,Human-Centered Design,Emerging Technologies,Sustainability in Design,Ethical Innovation,Interdisciplinary Education,Cross-Sector Collaboration,Real-World Case Studies,Future of Innovation,Inclusive Design,Technology and Society,Design Thinking,Smart Solutions,Digital Transformation and Global Challenges.
The Empirical Study of Interest Rate Pass-Through in Cambodia: An Error Correction Model
Authors: Song Kosal , Lim Siphat
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The error correction model was used to explore the influence of domestic and international interest rates, proxied by the 6-Month and 1-Year SIBOR, on the borrowing interest rate of bank. The primary goal of this study was to determine the pass through from the predicted borrowing rate to the lending rate. The empirical findings of this study confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship between the borrowing rate and its explanatory variables, as evidenced by the two-step co-integration test. Domestic and foreign interest rates have a substantial long-run influence on the borrowing rate. Short-term borrowing rate changes were also impacted by changes in market interest rates and SIBOR rates. The predicted borrowing rate from co-integration equation had a positive significant impact on the lending rate claimed that there had a pass through from foreign to domestic lending rate. Keywords: ECM, Interest rate pass through, Borrowing rate, Market Rate, SIBOR.
3D printed nanocomposite parts for improved dental recovery of decayed teeth
Authors: Miller Lateefah , Rahman Muhammad M. , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: April 2024

Bone regeneration and tooth recovery processes have been gaining much popularity and becoming a feasible process worldwide. This process is also called bone scaffolding and grafting where grafted bones are surgically placed to the section of the bone/tooth for repair. Recently, the 3D printing technology has been a great interest in research on bone and tissue repair with the use of 3D printed parts; however, research in dental repair has seen very little interest. In the U.S., adults have an average number of 3.28 decayed or missing permanent teeth and 13.65 decayed and missing permanent surfaces. Meanwhile, dental costs are a significant barrier to adults aged 20-64 maintaining good oral and dental health. Most healthcare plans will cover all basic dental exams, but typically only pay up to half of the cost of major procedures such as crowns and inlays. This research is focused on creating a means of producing permanent dental repairs using the 3D printing process. The 3D printed parts include biodegradable polymers, hydroxyapatite particles, and mechanical testing parts. It is expected that this process will drastically lower costs compared to the conventional tooth recovery processes by limiting the dental operations and dentist visits.
How to conduct a case study: A guide for novice researchers
Authors: Hussein Abdelnasser
Published: April 2024

Case study research has been gaining popularity due to its valuable capacity to provide rich, context-specific data as well as understanding of difficult circumstances. This is demonstrated by the fact that it has been utilized more frequently in recent research that has been published. This popularity may be attributed to the fact that case study research is able to deliver rich information about the case of study. This article presents a brief overview of the literature review that was conducted on the qualitative case-study methodology. It might serve as a quick reference tool for novice researchers who are intrigued about pursuing case studies. In this article, a brief historical overview of the evolution of the case study as a significant qualitative approach is demonstrated in connection to the pioneers of this type of research approach, namely Robert Yin, Robert Stake, and Sharan Merriam. The article additionally addresses the significance of the case study. The paper focuses on the types of case studies and basic recommendations that novice researchers may apply to systemically examine the underlying issues, patterns, or dynamics of a particular subject or case using a holistic approach. In light of the fact that case studies usually concentrate on specific instances, the article advises rookie investigators not to generalize the findings of case studies. In this article, numerous characteristics of case studies are examined, with a focus on its use as a separate qualitative inquiry and research approach.
Desain pompa air double valve (klep ganda) hemat energi
Authors: Agustang  , Rusman La Ode , Aba La
Published: April 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang desain pompa air sederhana double valve (klep ganda) hemat energi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan diameter pipa keluaran terhadap debit air yang dihasilkan, mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian pipa keluaran terhadap debit air yang dihasilkan, serta mengetahui kinerja optimum dari hubungan antara frekuensi kerja pompa dengan debit yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dapat bekerja ketika kolam piston telah terisi penuh. Gaya angkat hanya dapat bekerja bersesuaian dengan keadaan fluida sebagai sebuah sistem kontinum. Pembuatan pompa double valve (klep ganda) dilakukan pada beberapa variasi yaitu variasi diameter pipa keluaran dengan masing-masing ukuran 0,25 inch, 0,5 inch, 0,75 inch. Variasi ketinggian pipa keluaran dengan masing-masing ketinggian 0 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, dan 200 cm. Serta variasi frekuensi kerja pompa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan  bahwa semakin besar diameter pipa keluaran semakin kecil debit air yang dihasilkan. Untuk ketinggian  dimana semakin  tinggi pipa keluaran  makan semakin kecil debit air yang dihasilkan. Serta semakin besar frekuensi kerja pompa maka semakin besar debit air yang dihasilkan.
Analisis indeks pencemaran udara SO2, CO, NO2, dan PM10 di kawasan kota Kendari
Authors: Yusianti Evi , Jahiding M. , Ilmawati Wa Ode Sitti
Published: April 2024

Telah dilakukan Penelitian tentang Indeks  Standar Pencemar Udara (ISPU) yang disebabkan oleh NO2, CO, SO2 dan PM10. Titik pantau dilakukan Traffic Light Pasar Sentral Wua-wua. Proses sampling uji menggunakan impinger, tujuan mengetahui kualitas udara di Traffic Light Pasar Sentral Wua-wua   di kawasan Kota Kendari. Hasil pengujian Nilai ISPU 2019 setiap parameter uji menunjukan bahwa pada  area traffic light Pasar Sentral Wua-wua pada parameter CO ialah 96,5. Berdasarkan nilai ISPU yang didapat masuk dalam kategori sedag, dalam rentang  51-100. Dampak  kesehatan untuk mahluk hidup belum terlihat, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap tumbuhan yang sensitive.  CO dan SO2 sumber emisinya berasal dari pembakaran tidak sempurna dari senyawah karbon contonya kendaraan bermotor. Hal ini di Kota Kendari kualitas udaranya masuk dalam kategori sedang. meningkat seiring dengan peningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan jumlah alat transportasi yang melintasi dikawasan Kota Kendari. Konsentrasi parameter uji dapat berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan.
Madrasah Inklusi: Antara Cita dan Fakta Menuju Pendidikan yang Humanis
Authors: Ni’mah Zetty Azizatun
Published: April 2024

Lembaga madrasah diharapkan menjadi lembaga pelopor nilai-nilai humanis dengan menerima apapun keragaman yang dimiliki peserta didik, baik keragaman gender, tradisi, penyandang disabilitas, berpotensi istimewa, dan keragaman sosial. Penerimaan keragaman peserta didik menjadi tantangan bagi madrasah untuk menyelenggarakan madrasah inklusi. Tantangan dan hambatan berupa ketersediaan dana, guru yang berkompeten, keseriusan lembaga, dan kurangnya relasi jaringan eksternal. Madrasah inklusi yang ideal, responsive akan keberagaman siswa dan mampu memberikan pelayanan yang optimal dengan mendasarkan diri bahwa semua siswa sama dan berhak mendapatkan pendidikan yang sama, serta mendapatkan pelayanan pendidikan sesuai tingkat kebutuhannya. Maka madrasah yang bertekad besar menjadi madrasah inklusi sebenarnya adalah madrasah yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai humanis dalam dunia pendidikan. Rumusan masalah artikel ini: 1) Konsep pendidikan humanis, 2) Tantangan madrasah inklusi, 3) Idealitas madrasah inklusi sebagai realisasi pendidikan humanis.
Media Whatsapp Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ari Ari Susetiyo , Nanik Masrurotin Nanik Masrurotin
Published: April 2024

Abstrak: Abstrak Pendidikan hari ini dihadapkan dengan situasi yang serba sulit,  keadaan dimana para guru dituntut untuk bisa menguasai media pembelajaran jarak jauh, utamanya pada masa pandemu Covid-19. Pendidikan jarak jauh menjadi solusi guna mengatasi kesulitan pada pembelajaran tatap muka. Adanya aturan Social distancing mengingat masalahan terkait lokasi, jarak, waktu yang menjadi kendala, Media Whatsapp menjadi salah satu media yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat guru Pendidikan Agama Islam menerapkan pembelajaran secara daring pada pandemi covid, hasil penelitian ini menunjukan media whatsapp dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam telah terlaksana, Kendala yang dialami guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam pembelajaran pada pandemic covid adalah keterbatasan kuota yang dimiliki anak didik, sinyal yang buruk,  serta tidak mempunyai kuota internet, smartphone terkadang  juga untuk bergantian dengan saudaranya yang juga sekolah.
Komunikasi Organisasi Dalam Hubungannya Dengan Kepemimpinan Dan Perilaku Kerja Organisasi
Authors: Ira Fatmawati
Published: April 2024

Kepemimpinan merupakan salah satu faktor determinan keberhasilan suatu organisasi. Komunikasi merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang menyangkut kepemimpinan dalam mempengaruhi perilaku kerja organisasi. Rumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini ; 1) Bagaimanakah komunikasi dalam organisasi?,2) Bagaimanakah kepemimpinan dalam organisasi?, 3) Bagaimanakah perilaku kerja dalam organisasi?,4)Bagaimanakah komunikasi orgnisasi dalam hubungannya dengan kepemimpina dan perilaku kerja organisasi?. Adapun tujuan dalam tulisan ini :1) Menjelaskan komunikasi dalam organisasi,2) Menjelaskan kepemimpinan dalam organisasi,3) Menjelaskan perilaku kerja dalam organisasi, 4) Menjelaskan komunikasi orgnisasi dalam hubungannya dengan kepemimpina dan perilaku kerja organisasi.

Hasilnya temuan bahwa komunikasi sebaiknya dari berbagai arah, berasal dari top-down, bottom-up dan secara horizontal berada di dalam dan lintas organisasi baik yang formal maupun informal berfungsi informatif, regulatif, persuasif,integratif. Komunikasi  penting bagi pemimpin di era globalisasi untuk berbagi kepakaran dan informasi diwujudkan dalam gaya kerja kepemimpinan. Keberadaan kharisma, inspirasi,simulasi dan caranya pemimpin memberikan perhatian secara  individu, faktor genetik, lingkungan, pendidikan dan pengalaman juga mempengaruhi perilaku karyawan. Terdapat 9 perilaku kerja positif dan 14 perilaku kerja negatif. Kemampuan komunikasi perlu dikombinasikan dengan gaya kepemimpinan yang efektif sehingga dapat menciptakan suasana berorganisasi yang dapat memotivasi para pegawainya untuk memberikan kinerja terbaiknya.

Kesimpulan: komunikasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi pemimpin untuk menyampaikan ide dan gagasannya dalam menentukan perilaku kerja organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan. Saran; perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan mengenai bentuk komunikasi yang efektif di era digital di lembaga pendidikan Islam agar tujuan organisasi dapat tercapai.
TURKI: MENUJU SISTEM PENDIDIKAN MODERN DALAM SEBUAH MASYARAKAT DEMOKRASI
Authors: Oktavia Nada
Published: April 2024

Sistem pendidikan adalah totalitas interaksi dari seperangkat unsur-unsur pendidikan yang bekerja sama secara terpadu, dan saling melengkapi satu sama lain menuju tercapainya tujuan pendidikan yang telah mencapai cita-cita bersama para pelakunya. Terlihat dengan jelas sesuatu yang diharapkan terwujud setelah orang mengalami pendidikan Islam secara keseluruhan, yaitu kepribadian seseorang yang membuatnya menjadi insan kamil. Umat Islam mengalami puncak keemasan pada masa pemerintahan Abbasiyah. Pada masa itu bermunculan para pemikir Islam ternama yang sampai sekarang pemikirannya masih diperbincangkan dan dijadikan sebagai dasar pijakan. Melihat kilas balik dari sejarah Turki Usmani, keadaan pendidikan di Turki pada masa itu sangat berperan dalam perkembangan suatu bangsa. Kebanyakan penguasa Usmani cenderung bersikap taqlid dan fanatik terhadap suatu mazhab dan menentang mazhab yang lain. Sistem pengajaran yang dikembangkan pada Turki Usmani adalah menghafal matan-matan meskipun murid tidak mengerti maksudnya, seperti menghafal matan al-Jurumiyah, matan taqrib, matan Alfiah, matan Sultan, dan lain-lain. Murid-murid setelah menghafal matan-matan itu barulah mempelajari syarahnya. Karenanya pelajaran itu bertambah berat dan bertambah sulit untuk dihafalkannya. Ini pada gilirannya menjadikan belajar lebih bersifat studi tekstual dari pada upaya memahami dan lebih mendorong hafalan daripada pemahaman yang sebenarnya.
Hak Pendidikan Karakter bagi Anak Perspektif Al-Qur’a>n (Kajian Tafsir Al-Miṣbāḥ)
Authors: Zahroh Umi
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini berangkat dari masalah Pendidikan karakter di Indonesia yang belum berhasil ditunjukkan dengan kondisi karakter generasi bangsa yang semakin memburuk seperti terjadinya kenakalan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap Paradigma HAM terhadap pendidikan karakter bagi anak sekaligus konsep pendidikan karakter bagi anak perspektif al-Qur’a>n. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi mawḍū’ī (tematik) menggunakan tafsir al-Miṣbāḥ. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Negara Indonesia dan Al-Qur’a>n sangat melindungi hak asasi anak untuk memperoleh pendidikan.
Metode Contextual Teaching And Learning Dalam Pembelajaran Maharah Qira’ah
Authors: Diah Halimatus , Ni'mah Melvi Azizatun
Published: April 2024

Maharah Qira’ah (Keterampilan Membaca) merupakan salah satu dari 4 keterampilan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Maharah Qira’ah bertujuan agar pelajar mampu membaca bahasa  Arab dengan fashih sesuai dengan  makharijul huruf. Dalam pembelajaran maharah Qira’ah Pengajar diwajibkan memilih metode pembelajaran yang tepat dan efektif, dikarenakan pemilihan metode sangat berperan penting untuk mempermudah pengajar  dan juga memudahkan pelajar dalam proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif  Library Research. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini teknik membaca dan mencatat. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal ilmiah. Dan tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan metode contextual teaching and learning dalam pembelajaran maharah qira’ah, dan juga mempermudah pengajar dalam mencari metode pembelajaran pada pembelajaran maharah qira’ah yang tepat dan efektif. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa metode ini mampu meningkatkan kemampuan membaca bagi pelajar dalam pembelajaran maharah qira’ah.
Epistemologi Eksistensialisme Muhammad Iqbal dan Relevansinya bagi Ilmu Pendidikan (Islam)
Authors: Salimah Binti
Published: April 2024

The epistemology of Muhammad Iqbal's existentialism is a philosophical approach that examines the sources of knowledge and the worldview presented by the great Islamic thinker, Muhammad iqbal. Merging the idea of existentialism with the doctrine of Islam to develop a deeper understanding of the truth of man, knowledge, and existence. In an era of globalization and complex challenges faced by Muslim societies, the epistemology of Muhammad Iqbal's existentialism carries an important message that Islamic education must bridge spiritual understanding with rational understanding. It will help create a spiritually strong generation, have a strong Islamic identity, and be able to contribute positively to the development of society and the world in general. In the world of education, it is hoped that there should be no man who should have a uniform mind, because man is not a thing, but a self who acquires consciousness, freedom and uniqueness. So education should be open and centered on the interests and wishes of the students.
Trade Policy and Productivity Growth: Why Do Sudanese Manufacturing Firms Export Less
Authors: Elryah Yagoub , Siddig Amal
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to study the role of trade policy on industrial development and productivity growth. We analyze the relationship between trade policy and productivity growth of manufacturing firms in Sudan. For this work, we evaluate the previous trade policy instruments that implemented between 2000 and 2022. The study finds that Sudan’s trade policy has significant positive effects on manufacturing firms’ productivity. The study reveals that manufacturing firms offer the largest scope for productivity gains through trade policies aiming at enhancing economic growth. The study also found there was a weak support for investment promotion and tariff protection. This study recommends that building a proper trade policy to support manufacturing firms and adopt new technologies and focusing on labor intensive industries are the key success to sustain productivity growth and enable manufacturing firms’ export.
Reaction mechanism of micron-sized aluminum powders in O2 and CO2 gradually heated environment
Authors: Liu Yang , Ren Hui
Published: April 2024

The behavior of aluminum powders in specific oxidized environment is different from each other obviously. Thermal behaviors of micron-sized aluminum powders in different oxygenated and gradually heating environments were discussed in order to find out the oxidation mechanism. Particular attention is paid to the reaction mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis and related characterization methods are used and the results demonstrated that under the certain condition, reaction process of micron-sized aluminum powders can be divided into four stages. General routes for the oxidation of micron-sized aluminum in general heating system are the same, however, itis different among the extent of reaction at the third stage in different kinds of oxidizing gas atmospheres. Gas phased products were detected during the main reaction stage under carbon dioxide by combining thermal analysis and mass spectrometry which contributes to the rupture of alumina shell and further reaction of micron-sized aluminum powders. Consequently, rapider and more complete reaction process was achieved. The increasing thickness of original alumina shell can restrict the reaction rate of aluminum powders harder at the same time.
The Research on interlaboratory comparison test of LED lighting products
Authors: Zhang Debao , Xie Runqing , Xin Hongzheng , Qiao Huayang , Duan Xiaoli , Rui Xin
Published: April 2024

The article introduces the Interlaboratory Comparison (IC) test for three different types of light emitting diode (LED) lamps measurement about the key photometric, colorimetric, and electrical parameters. The article analyses the deviations of the test results between the reference values and test results from six participating laboratories. It found that the photometric and colorimetric parameters showed high deviations between the reference values and participating laboratories’ test results. The recommended participating laboratory improvement measures in the article are as follows: checking the traceability of standard artefacts, checking data correction, improving test procedures, checking ambient temperature, checking calculation software, and checking the response of the photodetector, etc.
The significance of monitoring respiratory sample cultures and polymerase chain reaction tests for detecting bacterial pathogens in severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Strelkova D , Kuleshov V , Burmistrova E , Sychev I , Savochkina Y , Danilov D , Yatsyshina S , Glushchenko E , Elkina M , Ananicheva N , Yasneva A , Topolyanskaya S , Rachina S
Published: April 2024

Background. Bacterial superinfection is one of the most common and potentially lethal complications in severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Objectives. To determine the colonisation time frame and the spectrum of potential bacterial pathogens in respiratory samples from patients with severe and critical COVID-19, using routine culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.
Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on patients aged ≥18 years with confirmed severe and critical COVID-19 who were admitted to or transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Respiratory samples were collected for microbial culture and PCR testing within the first 2 days after ICU admission/transfer, between days 3 and 6, and after 7 days of ICU stay.
Results. A total of 82 patients, with a median (interquartile range) age of 74.5 (67.3 - 81.0) years and a median Charlson comorbidity index of 4 (3 - 5), were enrolled in the study. Colonisation with any pathogen was observed in 67% of patients, after a median of 4 (2 - 6) days in the ICU. On days 0 - 2 of the ICU stay, micro-organisms were detected in 18% of patients, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (without acquired antibiotic resistance) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus being most frequently identified. Later, Acinetobacter baumannii and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae became the predominant micro-organisms, identified in nearly half of the patients. In 74% of the samples, the results of microbial culture and PCR tests were identical. In 17%, PCR revealed bacterial pathogens not identified by culture.
Conclusion. Our study confirms that colonisation of the respiratory tract occurs early in the course of ICU stay. Superinfections are predominantly caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Demanding Change of Colonial Child Protection Systems Through Good Trouble: A Community‑Based Commentary of Resistance and Advocacy
Authors: Swan Debra , Swan Jen
Published: April 2024

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, led particularly by Grandmothers and Aunties, have persistently challenged statutory child protection systems and the harms they inflict on our children, families, and communities. Reflecting on our own experiences advocating for Aboriginal families and communities at the practice and systems level, this paper explores a reflective commentary approach concerning opportunities and challenges of community-based advocacy toward substantive sustained change. We note how the voices, experiences, and expertise of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people continue to be marginalised or ignored by non-Indigenous authorities, colonial systems, and practice. Despite the apologies and promises of successive governments, contemporary systems continue to reflect “past” approaches. In this context, we honour the strong women who have, and continue, to stand up for their children, families, and communities, further rallying for ongoing resistance and reform.
To the issue of the role classification of participants in bullying situations.
Authors: Trufanov Gleb Alekseevich , Bobrovnikova Nataliya Sergeevna , Tomin Vitalii Vyacheslavovich , Evstafev Aleksandr Viktorovich
Published: April 2024

The object of this study is the role models that can be chosen by the participants of the confrontation in the framework of bullying. It should be noted that the authors of the study consider bullying as a form of pedagogical conflict, which can significantly affect the educational process and mental health of students. The relevance of the study is also revealed through the perception of bullying not just as bullying, but as a conflict, where the parties are involved in a confrontation and have subjectivity. The subject of the research is the social consequences of following behavioral scenarios in conflict. Such consequences are revealed through the result of confrontation, as well as the impact of the result of such confrontation on changes in statuses and positions within the educational environment at different levels, changes in distribution, emergence, change, fragmentation, and disappearance of factions within the educational environment. The methodological basis of this study is the analysis of a wide range of scientific sources: scientific and practical pedagogical, psychological, sociological, conflictology literature, and periodical scientific publications. Among the applied methods of scientific research are: comparison, generalization, and synthesis. In the context of conflict methodology, this work is built around the theory of conflict functions Lewis Kozer, and Ralph Darendorf's theory of conflict. The novelty of the study is revealed through a comprehensive analysis of the experience of Western researchers in the field of pedagogy, as well as the development of new conceptual models. Western researchers assign a passive role to the victim of bullying, thereby depriving her of subjectivity. The authors propose to perceive bullying as a conflict, and bullying not only as bullying but also as a situation of negative leadership.
Impact of Irrigation Water on the Bacteriological Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Market Garden Zone of Niamey, Identification of Enterobacteria
Authors: Alio Almou Abdoulaye , Abdel-Kader Alio Sanda , Mahamadou Alio Fody , Yaou Chaibou , Moustapha Rabiou Mamane , Djelifa Hamidou , Idé Soumana Sourounda , Abdoulahi Mahamane Idi Issa , Lewamy Mamadou , Seini Haoua Sabo , Hassimi Sadou
Published: April 2024

The urban community of Niamey is characterized by a prodigious development of urban and peri-urban agriculture. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the main crops grown in these urban and peri-urban areas. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of irrigation water on the bacteriological quality of lettuce produced in the market gardening zone of the Niamey city. Three (3) market garden sites were studied (Harobanda (site 1), Gamkallé (site 2) and Gounti yéna (site 3). Eighteen (18) lettuce samples and twenty-nine (29) irrigation water samples were taken from the market garden sites and subjected to microbiological analysis using conventional methods appropriate to each indicator. Thus, five (5) indicators of contamiantion were searched, Total Mesophilic Aerobic Flora (TMAF), total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), enterobacteria (Ent), Faecal streptococci (FS), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Clostridium perfringens (CP). The results showed that irrigation water samples from site 1 were highly contaminated with Total Coliforms (TC) and Faecal Coliforms (FC) (3.65±7.88.106 and 1.41±3.04. 106 CFU/100ml respectively), those from site 2 by Faecal Streptococci (FS) (1.19±2.03.105 CFU/100ml) and from site 3 by Enterobacteria (Ent) (1.61±2.37.108 CFU/100ml) and Escherichia coli (8.22±11.86.105 CFU/100ml). Thus, lettuce samples from site 1 are more contaminated with TC (5.32±8.32.106 CFU/g) and Ent (3.10±0.95.107 CFU/g). Faecal coliforms (1.35±1.13.106 CFU/g) and faecal streptococci (5.30±8.21.105 CFU/g) predominate on the site2 and finally site3 is more contaminated with E. coli (2.43±0.38.105 CFU/g). However, enterobacteria species such as Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli1, Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp ozaenae, Pantoea spp 1, Proteus mirabilis, Raoultella terrigena, Salmonella enterica arizonae, Salmonella spp, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia marcescens and Serratia odorifera1 were identified in irrigation water samples and lettuce at these sites. In fact, the quality of the irrigation water is not suitable for irrigation, and strongly influences the contamination of the lettuce produced by the bacteria. Consumption of this lettuce without the minimum of precautions could prove dangerous to consumers.
Exploring Genetic Divergence in Cowpea: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Senthilkumar T , Ejilane E. , Ramasamy M. , Chittibomma Karthik , Naorem Chingkheinganba , Kumar Rishav , Prasad S V Bhavani , Dhanalakshmi K. , Chitra K.
Published: April 2024

Genetic divergence in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) presents a compelling area of study with profound implications for breeding programs, crop improvement strategies, and agricultural sustainability. This abstract encapsulates a comprehensive review of the genetic divergence observed within cowpea populations. By examining the genetic diversity, population structure, and molecular markers employed in cowpea research, this review aims to elucidate the underlying genetic mechanisms driving divergence within the species. The review explores the ecological and geographical factors influencing genetic differentiation, as well as the implications for breeding objectives and germplasm conservation. Furthermore, it discusses the potential applications of genetic divergence analysis in enhancing crop adaptation, resilience, and productivity in diverse agroecological contexts. Through a synthesis of current research findings and emerging trends, this review provides valuable insights into the genetic architecture of cowpea and its implications for sustainable crop improvement strategies.
Clonal Evaluation and Genetic Divergence Studies in Mulberry Genotypes
Authors: Mithilasri Manickavasagam , Parthiban K. T. , Kalpana R. , S.M. Shankar
Published: April 2024

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the wood quality and leaf quality traits of selected mulberry clones and assess the genetic divergence among them, providing valuable insights for the development of superior genotypes with enhanced economic value for the sericulture and agroforestry sectors.

Study design: Twenty-one genetic resources of mulberry were collected from various regions in India and evaluated through clonal test in a Row Column Design to assess growth attributes and genetic divergence.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in India, and the systematic progeny test and clonal evaluation were carried out in Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam during 2018-2022.

Methodology: The selected clones were evaluated for growth attributes such as plant height, diameter at breast height (DBH), volume, number of branches, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, number of leaves, and leaf area. Genetic divergence was estimated using D2 statistics, and clustering of clones was performed using the 'GENRES' statistical package.

Results: The study identified several clones with significantly higher growth attributes, highlighting their potential for selection in breeding and cultivation programs. Variability and heritability studies indicated that volume exhibited the highest heritability, suggesting strong genetic control and potential for improvement.

Conclusion: Clones MI-0718, MI-0807, and MI-0845 showed superior growth performance and genetic divergence, indicating their suitability for further breeding and improvement programs. The study provides insights into the genetic variability of mulberry clones and emphasizes selecting superior clones for enhancing wood volume and overall productivity.
Comparison of Inclusion of Skimmed Milk and Edible Insects on the Nutritional, Sensory and Microbial Qualities of Enriched High Energy Rice Biscuits
Authors: Akande Olamide Abigael
Published: April 2024

Aims: The growing world population, carbon foot prints of rearing conventional protein sources, issues of protein malnutrition (particularly in developing nations) and the urgent needs of protein-rich food relief materials in crisis situations may necessitate the utilisation of underutilised sustainable, nutritious protein sources. The study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using indigenous food crops and substituting milk powder with edible insects’ powder as a sustainable alternative protein source in high energy rice biscuits.

Study Design: Biscuits were produced following the standard USAID recipe for HEB and comparisons were made with the insect biscuits and STD.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January 2018 and August 2018.

Methodology: The high energy biscuits was evaluated for proximate composition, total sugars using Anthrone reagent, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), physical properties such as spread ratio, weight, width etc. Microbial and sensory quality of the biscuits were also determined using standard methods.

Results: From the findings of the study, rice biscuits with silkworm pupae had outstanding protein (12.76 g/100 g), fat (15.78 g/100 g) and energy (451.38 Kcal/100 g) contents while biscuit with migratory locust powder had slightly higher total ash and CHO. The spread ratios of the biscuits were within acceptable range. In terms of mineral composition, all the insect biscuits were significantly superior to the milk biscuit except for calcium. However, all the rice HEB exceeded the minimum USAID specifications for nutritive elements. The insect biscuits had more than quadruple the recommended pro-vitamin A content (1200. 67 and 2390.05 μg/100 g) and impressive amounts of vitamin C (94.19 and 52.39 mg/100 g). The microbial assessment revealed HEB with remarkable quality signifying wholesome raw materials and hygienic sample preparation. All samples received good sensorial ranking, but HEB with migratory locust was preferred.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated that edible insects could serve as alternative protein source in the production of a nutritious high energy biscuit with good organoleptic and microbiological qualities.
Production of Sweet and High Biomass Sorghum Lines with Optimized Cell Wall Components for Increased Biofuel Bioconversion Yield
Authors: Reddy Y.Vinod Kumar , Lavanya Gera Roopa , Gorthy Sunita , Bruno Awio , Krishna Kasanaboina , Chavan Sonal , Habyarimana Ephrem
Published: April 2024

The current research focuses on the estimation of fibre content in sweet and high biomass sorghum lines for Production of sweet and high biomass sorghum lines with optimized cell wall components for increased biofuel bioconversion yield, through partially replicated experimental design for F3   populations based on BLUPs values; this study was carried out for four seasons (from postrainy 2020 to rainy 2022) to develop F3 populations of sweet and high-biomass bmr sorghum lines. The proximate fibre component analysis was done in the matured F3 populations by drying the plant samples and grinding them into a fine powder. Fibre quality components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), metabolizable energy (ME), nitrogen, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and ash, were assessed using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). ICSV18003 had the lowest acid detergent fibre (ADF) percentage at 37.04%, while it also had the highest acid detergent lignin (ADL) percentage at 3.84%. The ash percentage was 3.73% in SSV84 × N609. Moreover, the bmr transferred lines of the F3 population exhibited higher levels of cellulose and hemicellulose, while lignin and ash content were decreased. This indicates that the bmr6 and bmr12 alleles can be confidently utilized in sorghum breeding for bioenergy production, as they meet the requirements for bioethanol production.