bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on 3D Image Reconstruction Model of Sparring Action Based on Graph Neural Network (GNN)
Authors: Chang Yahui , Su Meng
Published: October 2021

With the advent of the information age, human demand for information is increasing day by day. The emergence of the concept of big data has triggered a new round of technological revolution, and visual information plays an important role in information. In order to obtain a better 3D model, this paper studies the reconstruction model of training motion 3D images based on a graphical neural network algorithm. This paper studies the problem of Sanda from the following two aspects. First, we try to apply two deep learning algorithms, graphical neural network and recurrent neural network, to the boxing movement recognition task and compare the effects with quadratic discriminant analysis and support vector machine. By comparing and analyzing the influence of different network structures on the deep learning algorithm, it is concluded that recurrent neural network has more practical application advantages than graph neural network in network structure parameter tuning.
Medical Management of Pyometra in the Delayed Postoperative Period
Authors: Vukmer Natalie A. , Urrego Heather , Dizon A. Mitch
Published: October 2021

Pyometra is a rare condition in which purulent material becomes entrapped within the uterine cavity. If unrecognized in a timely fashion, life-threatening complications can arise. The following is a case report of a 50-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and heavy vaginal bleeding. She was diagnosed with a pyometra based on imaging and treated conservatively with antibiotics. The patient ultimately had an uncomplicated hysterectomy with resolution of normal female pelvic anatomy prior to surgery. Pyometra should be considered when women present with diffuse abdominal pain or peritonitis. As demonstrated in this report, early detection and conservative management may help prevent serious complications such as uterine perforation, lead to shorter hospital stays, and result in safer operative management.
Impact of Carbon Dioxide on Cerebral Oxygenation and Vital Parameters in Stable Preterm and Term Infants Immediately after Birth
Authors: Wolfsberger Christina Helene , Bruckner Marlies , Schwaberger Bernhard , Mileder Lukas Peter , Urlesberger Berndt , Pichler Gerhard
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Carbon dioxide (pCO2) induces changes in the tone of cerebral vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of pCO2 on cerebral regional tissue oxygen saturation (crSO2), cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), and cerebral tissue oxygen extraction (cTOE), measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in preterm and term infants 15 min after birth. Methods: Post hoc analyses of secondary outcome parameters of prospective observational studies were performed. Stable preterm and term infants with cerebral NIRS monitoring (INVOS 5100C) until minute 15 after birth and a blood gas analysis, performed between minutes 14–18 after birth, were included. Heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. pCO2 was correlated with crSO2, cFTOE, cTOE, SpO2, HR, and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2). Results: Eleven preterm infants with a median (IQR) gestational age of 34.8 (32.7–36.1) weeks were analyzed. Mean ± SD pCO2 was 53.5 ± 4.2 mm Hg. At minute 15 after birth, crSO2 was 82.6 (74.3–91.3)%, cFTOE 0.15 ± 0.09, cTOE 14.6 ± 8.4%, SpO2 97.4 ± 2.1%, and HR 152 (136–167) bpm. pCO2 correlated negatively with crSO2 (p = 0.012) and positively with cFTOE (p = 0.035) and cTOE (p = 0.037). Eighty-four term infants with a gestational age of 39.0 (38.5–38.9) weeks were analyzed. pCO2 was 53.5 ± 6.3 mm Hg. At minute 15 after birth, crSO2 was 84.4 (80.8–85.1)%, cFTOE 0.14 ± 0.08, cTOE 13.6 ± 7.9%, SpO2 96.5 ± 2.6%, and HR 155 (153–163) bpm. pCO2 did only negatively correlate with pO2 (p = 0.034) in term infants. Conclusion: In preterm infants, higher pCO2 was associated with lower crSO2 and higher cFTOE/cTOE. In term infants, no associations were observed. The present findings suggest that the vasodilatative effect of pCO2 is less pronounced in preterm infants during immediate postnatal transition.
Association between RNF213 c.14576G>A Variant (rs112735431) and Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Ozaki Dan , Endo Hidenori , Tashiro Ryosuke , Sugimura Koichiro , Tatebe Shunsuke , Yasuda Satoshi , Tomata Yasutake , Endo Toshiki , Tominaga Keita , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Fujimura Miki , Tominaga Teiji
Published: October 2021

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPAS) are relatively rare and demonstrate steno-occlusive vascular lesions in different organs. Genetic studies identified RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A (rs112735431) as a susceptibility variant for East Asian MMD. RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A is further associated with various vascular lesions of other organs. In this study, we aimed to clarify the incidence and clinical manifestations of PPAS in MMD patients and analyze the correlation between RNF213 genotype and PPAS. Methods: This retrospective case-control study investigated the association between RNF213 polymorphism and PPAS in 306 MMD/quasi-MMD patients, reviewing the medical charts and imaging records of consecutive patients with MMD admitted from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: PPAS was observed in 3 MMD/quasi-MMD patients (0.98%, 3/306). RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A was determined for all 306 MMD/quasi-MMD patients. The incidence of PPAS in RNF213-wildtype, RNF213-heterozygote, and RNF213-homozygote MMD/quasi-MMD patients was 0% (0/101), 0.5% (1/200), and 40% (2/5), respectively. The association between PPAS and homozygote polymorphism of RNF213 c.14576G>A was statistically significant in MMD/quasi-MMD patients (p = 0.0018). In all cases, pulmonary artery hypertension due to PPAS was evident during their childhood and young adolescent stages. Surgical indications for MMD were discouraged in 1 case due to her severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Conclusions: The homozygote variant of RNF213 polymorphism c.14576G>A can be a potential predisposing factor for PPAS in MMD/quasi-MMD patients. Despite the relatively rare entity, PPAS should be noted to determine surgical indications for MMD/quasi-MMD patients.
Isatuximab plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in a Patient with Dialysis-Dependent Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Takakuwa Teruhito , Ohta Kensuke , Sogabe Nobuhiro , Nishimoto Mitsutaka , Kuno Masatomo , Makuuchi Yosuke , Okamura Hiroshi , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Koh Hideo , Nakamae Hirohisa , Hino Masayuki
Published: October 2021

The phase 3 ICARIA-MM trial showed that the addition of isatuximab improved the progression-free survival compared with pomalidomide/dexamethasone. However, the safety and efficacy of isatuximab for end-stage renal failure remains unclear. A 67-year-old man who started hemodialysis 5 years ago for diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed with International Staging System stage III multiple myeloma (MM) of IgD-λ type 3 years ago. After receiving a total of 7 treatment regimens, his free light chain (FLC) λ level increased from 419 to 2,070 mg/L, indicating progressive disease. Twelve days after starting isatuximab plus pomalidomide (3 mg daily) and dexamethasone (IsaPd), his FLC λ level rapidly decreased to 412 mg/L. The patient has now completed 7 courses of IsaPd with no adverse events, including infusion reactions and neutropenia. Isatuximab requires a lower dilution volume than daratumumab and can be safely and effectively administered to hemodialysis-dependent MM patients.
Executivo versus Legislativo: o conflito parlamentar entre o Gabinete Rodrigues Torres e seu partido em 1853
Authors: Rosas Suzana Cavani
Published: October 2021

O artigo tem como seu principal objetivo discutir a relação entre o Parlamento Imperial e o executivo central a partir do estudo da formação, composição e atuação de uma destacada oposição conservadora ao gabinete de seu partido chefiado pelo saquarema Rodrigues Torres, em 1853. “O Partido parlamentar”, como ficou conhecida essa dissidência conservadora, que teve como liderança a bancada de Pernambuco, revelou a importância da Câmara dos Deputados como relevante espaço de defesa dos interesses regionais e provinciais contra a política do governo central.
As ocupações da população do Brasil no século XVII: uma tentativa de estandardização
Authors: Andrade Cardoso Diogo
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo procura fazer um levantamento das ocupações detetadas no Brasil, ao longo do século XVII, essencialmente nos processos inquisitoriais. De forma a abrir a investigação relativa às ocupações exercidas nesta sociedade colonial a comparações de ordem global, foi aplicado o Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). Esta metodologia é aplicada pela primeira vez ao Brasil da época moderna. Com os resultados obtidos foram feitas análises à distribuição das ocupações pela po- pulação, em vários níveis de descrição. O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar as necessida- des ocupacionais das diferentes capitanias brasileiras ao longo do século e sob diversas conjunturas. A investida portuguesa em direção ao sertão a partir de alguns centros de povoamento costeiros, acompanhada pelo incremento das necessidades militares que este processo causou, é uma das evidências. A evolução de uma economia forte- mente ligada à produção de açúcar, com contingentes humanos, sobretudo em Per- nambuco e na Baía, dedicados aos vários trabalhos desta indústria, é também visível.
Diálogos, experiências e conexões diaspóricas no Atlântico negro
Authors: Santos Fernando de Oliveira dos
Published: October 2021

Resenha do Livro: BUTLER, Kim D. & DOMINGUES, Petrônio. Diásporas imaginadas: Atlântico Negro e histórias afro-brasileiras. 1a ed. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2020, 360 p.
2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Gulati Martha , Levy Phillip D. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Amsterdam Ezra , Bhatt Deepak L. , Birtcher Kim K. , Blankstein Ron , Boyd Jack , Bullock-Palmer Renee P. , Conejo Theresa , Diercks Deborah B. , Gentile Federico , Greenwood John P. , Hess Erik P. , Hollenberg Steven M. , Jaber Wael A. , Jneid Hani , Joglar José A. , Morrow David A. , O’Connor Robert E. , Ross Michael A. , Shaw Leslee J.
Published: October 2021

Aim:

This executive summary of the clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.

Structure:

Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. These guidelines present an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
Serial Reduplication Is Empirically Adequate and Typologically Restrictive
Authors: Lamont Andrew
Published: October 2021

Wei and Walker (2020) and Zymet (2018) claim that derivational lookahead effects are attested in the interactions between reduplication and other phonological processes in Mbe and Logoori, respectively. On the basis of this evidence, they argue that reduplication in these languages cannot be modeled by Serial Template Satisfaction (McCarthy, Kimper, and Mullin 2012), a theory of reduplication set in Harmonic Serialism. This article refutes these claims and provides serial analyses for both languages. It further identifies a novel prediction of Base-Reduplicant Correspondence Theory (McCarthy and Prince 1994, 1995, 1999), a parallel theory of reduplication, that reduplicants may surface with marked structures unattested elsewhere in the language, and it demonstrates that these patterns are not replicated in serial.
On PDE Characterization of Smooth Hierarchical Functions Computed by Neural Networks
Authors: Filom Khashayar , Farhoodi Roozbeh , Kording Konrad Paul
Published: October 2021

Neural networks are versatile tools for computation, having the ability to approximate a broad range of functions. An important problem in the theory of deep neural networks is expressivity; that is, we want to understand the functions that are computable by a given network. We study real, infinitely differentiable (smooth) hierarchical functions implemented by feedforward neural networks via composing simpler functions in two cases: (1) each constituent function of the composition has fewer inputs than the resulting function and (2) constituent functions are in the more specific yet prevalent form of a nonlinear univariate function (e.g., tanh) applied to a linear multivariate function. We establish that in each of these regimes, there exist nontrivial algebraic partial differential equations (PDEs) that are satisfied by the computed functions. These PDEs are purely in terms of the partial derivatives and are dependent only on the topology of the network. Conversely, we conjecture that such PDE constraints, once accompanied by appropriate nonsingularity conditions and perhaps certain inequalities involving partial derivatives, guarantee that the smooth function under consideration can be represented by the network. The conjecture is verified in numerous examples, including the case of tree architectures, which are of neuroscientific interest. Our approach is a step toward formulating an algebraic description of functional spaces associated with specific neural networks, and may provide useful new tools for constructing neural networks.
Are Osteoclasts Mechanosensitive Cells?
Authors: Wang Qingxuan , Duan Mengmeng , Liao Jingfeng , Xie Jing , Zhou Chenchen
Published: October 2021

Skeleton metabolism is a process in which osteoclasts constantly remove old bone and osteoblasts form new osteoid and induce mineralization; disruption of this balance may cause diseases. Osteoclasts play a key role in bone metabolism, as osteoclastogenesis marks the beginning of each bone remodeling cycle. As the only cell capable of bone resorption, osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage hematopoietic precursors that terminally adhere to mineralized extracellular matrix, and they subsequently break down the extracellular compartment. Bone is generally considered the load-burdening tissue, bone homeostasis is critically affected by mechanical conductions, and the bone cells are mechanosensitive. The functions of various bone cells under mechanical forces such as chondrocytes and osteoblasts have been reported; however, the unique bone-resorbing osteoclasts are less studied. The oversuppression of osteoclasts in mechanical studies may be because of its complicated differentiation progress and flexible structure, which increases difficulty in targeting mechanical structures. This paper will focus on recent findings regarding osteoclasts and attempt to uncover proposed candidate mechanosensing structures in osteoclasts including podosome-associated complexes, gap junctions and transient receptor potential family (ion channels). We will additionally describe possible mechanotransduction signaling pathways including GTPase ras homologue family member A (RhoA), Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), Ca2+signaling and non-canonical Wnt signaling. According to numerous studies, evaluating the possible influence of various physical environments on osteoclastogenesis is conducive to the study of bone homeostasis.
A Low Dose of Hydrous Icaritin Nano-Formulation with Remarkable Efficacy and Tumor Targeting in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fu Jingxin , Wang Yian , Li Haowen , Lu Likang , Ao Hui , Han Meihua , Guo Yifei , Wang Xiangtao
Published: October 2021

Background: The use of chemotherapeutic drugs is restricted in the tumor-therapy because of the severely toxic and side effects among most important factors. The active herbal extracts are always used as a high dose while in the tumortherapy to achieve good anti-tumor effects.
Hydrous icaritin has a high activity while there are few existing dosage forms as a result of low solubility in water and poor bioavailability. Results: The prepared hydrous icaritin nanorods (DP-HICT NRs) using mPEG2000-DSPE as a stabilizer, presented a narrow distribution
of particle size with of 217 nm and a properly high drug-loading content of approximately 65.3±1.5%. A low dose of hydrous icaritin nano-formulation shows remarkable efficacy in cancer therapy (tumor inhibition rate: 61.36±10.80%) compared with the same dose of Paclitaxel injection
(tumor inhibition rate: 66.80±4.43%), which approved as medicaments. Not only that, DP-HICT NRs can escape the clearance of the immune system and enhance targeting ability to the tumor site with only one excipient and such a low dose. Conclusions: This kind of nanoparticles contain
a low dose of HICT used mPEG2000-DSPE as a stabilizer, while can achieve good tumor targeting as some active targeting agents and an anti-tumor effect as the PTX injection. There are broad prospects in drug safety, anti-tumor efficacy and even prognosis.
A Comprehensive Update of the Incidence and Demographics of Laryngoceles in Adults
Authors: Slonimsky Einat , Goldenberg David , Hwang Gloria , Gagnon Eric , Slonimsky Guy
Published: October 2021

Objective:

To provide updated data on the incidence, types, and demographics of laryngoceles in the adult population.

Methods:

We searched the medical archives of our institute for computed tomography (CT) studies acquired between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017 in which the term “laryngocele” appeared in the radiology reports. Two of the authors reviewed relevant images for the presence, type, distribution, and laterality of true laryngoceles. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records and the incidence was calculated.

Results:

Laryngoceles were detected in 53 out of the 79 893 patients with relevant CT data, which equates to an incidence of 151 per 2.5 million (0.06:1000) patients per year. The male:female ratio was 3:1, average age was 60 (±18) years, and incidence peaked among patients in the sixth decade of life. Nine patients (17%) had known laryngeal cancer; however, the majority of the cohort did not have follow up clinic visits.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that the incidence of laryngoceles is much greater than previously reported. In most cases, the diagnosis of a laryngocele was an incidental radiological finding. Male gender predilection and age at presentation are in agreement with previous reports. Association of laryngoceles with laryngeal cancer could not be calculated due to low rates of follow ups.

Level of Evidence:

3.
Using Human-Centered Design in Personalized Anticipatory Guidance: Enriching Anticipatory Guidance on Early Cognitive and Language Development
Authors: Brenner Louisa Dru , Brudney Risa , Castaneda Jason , Liu Asher , Reyna Megan E. , Leffel Kristin R. , Suskind Dana
Published: October 2021

In this study, we aimed to create a novel tool to assist providers at 2 Chicago-area Federally Qualified Health Centers in giving guidance on early cognitive and language development during well-child visits. We utilized a human-centered design (HCD) process to address specific barriers to providing this guidance and create a tool shaped by the needs of providers and parents. Phase I involved collaborative prototype design; phase II involved implementation, feedback gathering, and responsive iterations of the tool; and phase III involved a collective review of the HCD process. The final version of the tool was a concise, colorful, and parent-accessible “Brain Building Guide” intended for interactive provider and parent use. It featured personalized information about parental knowledge and suggested areas for guidance. It was both satisfactory to stakeholders and efficacious in improving parental knowledge immediately post-visit and 1 month out. It should be further evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
Framing the Problematics of Choice and Legacy: A Reading of August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson as a Dilemma Tale
Authors: Bentum Samuel Ato
Published: October 2021

The choice for a particular narrative architecture has been a major concern for the literary writer and to the African American literary writer, the use of African oral literary elements has been a resourceful option. The present study hypothesizes that August Wilson uses the dilemma tale as a narrative architecture in his The Piano Lesson play and argues that this narrative style helps Wilson to frame the dialogic surrounding what legacy is to the African American. The study reveals that tradition is problematic for the African American to conceive. The conclusion is that the dilemma tale type as a narrative style helps to understand that tradition or, legacy is a complex phenomenon for the African American to fathom.
MMP-9 Levels and NaOCl Lavage in Randomized Trial on Direct Pulp Capping
Authors: Ballal N.V. , Duncan H.F. , Wiedemeier D.B. , Rai N. , Jalan P. , Bhat V. , Belle V.S. , Zehnder M.
Published: October 2021

Outcome expectations of direct pulp capping in carious teeth are obscured by a clinically unknown infiltration and breakdown of the dental pulp tissue. Histologic studies showed that this soft tissue breakdown is related to the innate immune system. We hypothesized 1) that a neutrophil biomarker could predict the outcome of direct pulp capping and 2) that using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a lavage solution to remove necrotized infected pulp tissue could improve it. In this randomized trial in mature posterior teeth causing no or mild discomfort with carious pulpal exposures, pulpal fluid was collected to assess neutrophil gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase 9 [MMP-9]) per total protein (TP) levels as a predictive local biomarker. Subsequently, the dentin-pulp wound was randomly washed with a 2.5% NaOCl or a physiologic saline solution (1:1 allocation), capped with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the tooth was immediately restored with a resin-based composite restoration. Ninety-six patients were included, and 84 individuals could be followed up to treatment failure or clinically confirmed pulp survival after a minimum of 1 y. The entire data were fitted to a Cox proportional hazards model to assess the influence of the observational variables MMP-9/TP and discomfort with the randomized lavage treatment on pulp survival. The Kaplan-Meier pulp survival rates after 1 y were 55% for saline and 89% for NaOCl lavage. The inflammatory state of the pulp tissue as reflected by MMP-9/TP levels and NaOCl lavage had a highly significant ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively) impact on pulp survival, while mild preoperative discomfort did not. In conclusion, MMP-9/TP showed great promise as a predictive local biomarker, and NaOCl lavage considerably improved the survival time of cariously exposed and directly capped pulps.
Student Alienation in Higher Education Under Neoliberalism and Global Capitalism: A Case of Community College Students’ Instrumentalism in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Yi-Lee
Published: October 2021

Objective: In view of the values of individualism and competition embedded in neoliberalism and global capitalism, this paper seeks to illustrate empirically students’ instrumentalism in higher education, and to explore how far such instrumentalism could be conceptualized as student alienation. Method: The illustration relies on experiences of community college students from an ethnographic study of students studying in a liberal-arts oriented community college in Hong Kong. The study begun in 2005 to 2006, continued in 2009, and followed up in 2010 to 2011. Eighty-five students in total were recruited and interviewed; 39 of them were interviewed twice. The interviews were analyzed together with the author’s observations and participation as a lecturer of that community college. Results: Against an intensely competitive environment, community college students were rather instrumental in their studies. Their alienation was also manifested in the following aspects: being instrumental about their career planning, preferring surface and strategic learning to deep learning in their studies, and being strategic or even manipulative in dealing with their classmates or teachers. Conclusion: This study provides a nuanced analysis of different aspects of student alienation. Student alienation is worrying, not simply because students are not learning what is required for becoming the educated workforce or citizens, but arguably because throughout the course of their studies, students acquire qualities that may make competitive employees for the cruel business world but do not necessarily make caring or critical citizens.
Adverse commoning: Tracing contested legal geographies of the urban commons
Authors: Noterman Elsa
Published: October 2021

Under threat of enclosure in rapidly gentrifying cities, some urban commoners are turning to legal tactics to ward off dispossession. In this article, I explore the contested legal geographies of urban commoning, considering some of the challenges, stakes, and opportunities that emerge in the effort to gain legal recognition. Specifically, I examine the use of the doctrine of adverse possession by Philadelphia gardeners to claim title to the community farm they cultivated as an urban commons for decades. In the context of a neoliberal settler colonial city, I argue that the gardeners’ adverse commoning, involving an il/legal counterclaim to property, facilitates consideration of the ways urban commoners are both enrolled in normative property regimes and have the potential to resist these regimes through errant performances of proprietary continuity, exclusivity, notoriety, and hostility.
Cross-sectional imaging assessment of renal masses with emphasis on MRI
Authors: Tsili Athina C , Moulopoulos Lia-Angela , Varakarakis Ioannis M , Argyropoulou Maria I
Published: October 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful complementary imaging tool for the diagnosis and characterization of renal masses, as it provides both morphologic and functional information. A core MRI protocol for renal imaging should include a T1-weighted sequence with in- and opposed-phase images (or, alternatively with DIXON technique), T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images as well as a dynamic contrast-enhanced sequence with subtraction images, followed by a delayed post-contrast T1-weighted sequence. The main advantages of MRI over computed tomography include increased sensitivity for contrast enhancement, less sensitivity for detection of calcifications, absence of pseudoenhancement, and lack of radiation exposure. MRI may be applied for renal cystic lesion characterization, differentiation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from benign solid renal tumors, RCC histologic grading, staging, post-treatment follow-up, and active surveillance of patients with treated or untreated RCC.
Manganese exposure causes movement deficit and changes in the protein profile of the external globus pallidus in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Zhang Kaiqin , He Kaiwu , Xu Jia , Nie Lulin , Li Shupeng , Liu Jianjun , Long Dingxin , Dai Zhongliang , Yang Xifei
Published: October 2021

Manganese (Mn) is required for normal brain development and function. Excess Mn may trigger a parkinsonian movement disorder but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We explored changes in the brain proteomic profile and movement behavior of adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats systemically treated with or without 1.0 mg/mL MnCl2 for 3 months. Mn treatment significantly increased the concentration of protein-bound Mn in the external globus pallidus (GP), as demonstrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Behavioral study showed that Mn treatment induced movement deficits, especially of skilled movement. Proteome analysis by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry revealed 13 differentially expressed proteins in the GP of Mn-treated versus Mn-untreated SD rats. The differentially expressed proteins were mostly involved in glycolysis, metabolic pathways, and response to hypoxia. Selected pathway class analysis of differentially expressed GP proteins, which included phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), primarily identified enrichment in glycolytic process and innate immune response. In conclusion, perturbation of brain energy production and innate immune response, in which PGAM1 has key roles, may contribute to the movement disorder associated with Mn neurotoxicity.
Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions and Its Relevance to School Psychology
Authors: Tze Virginia , Parker Patti , Sukovieff Alyse
Published: October 2021

The control-value theory (CVT) of achievement emotions is a well-established theoretical framework which delineates the predictive relationships among distal and proximal antecedents, academic emotions, and student engagement and achievement. Although most research anchored in CVT is conducted by educational psychologists, the theory is arguably applicable to the field of school psychology. In this article, we first provide a brief overview of the theory, with a specific focus on the proximal antecedents (i.e., cognitive appraisals), as well as academic emotions and performance. Given that school psychologists are often consulted with strategies regarding students’ emotional challenges exhibited in the classroom, we then discuss empirical evidence of control- and value-based interventions (e.g., attributional retraining, utility-value), both of which can be posited to address the cognitive appraisals of achievement emotions. Lastly, we discuss the implications of CVT and control- and value-based interventions to school psychologists’ work.
Applying Self-Determination Theory to Education: Regulations Types, Psychological Needs, and Autonomy Supporting Behaviors
Authors: Guay Frédéric
Published: October 2021

The self-determination theory (SDT) has been used to understand students’ motivation at school in general as well as in various school subjects. This literature review conducted on a number of SDT studies showed that (1) autonomous types of extrinsic motivation as well as intrinsic motivation leads to positive consequences for students; (2) the types of goals and the regulation behind them are also important to predict school outcomes; (3) when the psychological needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness are satisfied this leads to autonomous motivation or autonomous goals endorsement; (4) autonomy supportive practices by parents and teachers are important catalyzers of needs’ fulfillment; (5) intervention programs designed for teachers or parents focusing on these psychological needs usually lead to greater autonomous extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation and better adjustment outcomes. The implication of this theory for school psychologists is underscored as well as its implications for the practice of teaching.
Exploring the Intersection Between Academic and Professional Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Students’ Experiences
Authors: Espin Sherry , LeGrow Karen , Bookey-Bassett Sue , Rose Donald , Santa Mina Elaine , Indar Alyssa
Published: October 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has implications for students who are also nurses.

Purpose and Methods

This qualitative descriptive study used a practice development approach to explore the intersection between academic and professional work experiences for undergraduate Post-Diploma Registered Practical Nurses bridging to Registered Nurse Bachelor of Science in Nursing students and Master of Nursing graduate nursing students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study incorporated critical aesthetic reflections that focused on the personal and aesthetic ways of knowing, as a data collection approach and knowledge dissemination strategy.

Results

Analysis of the narrative component of participants’ reflections revealed the following themes: sensing a “call to duty,” experiencing a myriad of emotions, shifting societal and individual perceptions of nursing, and learning in an uncertain environment.

Conclusions

The results of the study can inform educational strategies and academic policies to support this unique nursing population, who are frontline practitioners as well as student learners.
Response Category Functioning on the Health Care Engagement Measure Using the Nominal Response Model
Authors: Reise Steven P. , Hubbard Anne S. , Wong Emily F. , Schalet Benjamin D. , Haviland Mark G. , Kimerling Rachel
Published: October 2021

As part of a scale development project, we fit a nominal response item response theory model to responses to the Health Care Engagement Measure (HEM). When using the original 5-point response format, categories were not ordered as intended for six of the 23 items. For the remaining, the category boundary discrimination between Categories 0 ( not at all true) and 1 ( a little bit true) was only weakly discriminating, suggesting uninformative categories. When the lowest two categories were collapsed, psychometric properties improved greatly. Category boundary discriminations within items, however, varied significantly. Specifically, higher response category distinctions, such as responding 3 ( very true) versus 2 ( mostly true) were considerably more discriminating than lower response category distinctions. Implications for HEM scoring and for improving measurement precision at lower levels of the construct are presented as is the unique role of the nominal response model in category analysis.
Theoretical description of electric fields in three-dimensional multipole ion traps
Authors: Vasilyev Maxim , Rudyi Semyon , Rozhdestvensky Yuri
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the principle of forming the spatial distribution of the potential in multipole three-dimensional ion traps of a general type is considered. A matrix method for describing the electric fields in ion traps for the [Formula: see text]th order of multipole is proposed. Typical electrode geometries for hexapole and octupole traps are considered.
Performance evaluation of glass wool core VIPs and silica-fly ash core VIPs
Authors: Shahzad Asim , Chen Zhaofeng , Khan Zaffar M , Emefa Awuye Desire
Published: October 2021

Temperature maintenance is one of the leading factors for the large-scale energy consumption in buildings, which accounts for 33% of the total consumption. The heavy smog in China resulting from the depletion of fossil fuels necessitates the development of new technologies that can reduce the energy usage in buildings. Several techniques for building’s thermal insulation were developed among which the utilization of Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) has the leading edge. For refrigeration purpose in VIPs, the glass wool is being used as a core material because of their low thermal conductivity (λ ≤ 2 mW/m·K) and low cost. However, the silica-fly ash has been preferred as a core material of VIPs for buildings because of its high compressive strength (σc > 2 MPa) and the most economical price. Moreover, the P1/2 of the glass wool VIP and silica-fly ash VIP are 10–100 and 1000 Pa, respectively. In this work, the performance of VIPs with various cores has been compared. The thermal conductivity of VIPs, along with the factors affecting thermal conductivity, such as density, thickness, internal pressure, and porous structures, have been evaluated. In addition, the effect of core materials on the cost of VIPs was also quantified. It is expected that the study will serve as a pioneering work in the foundation to development of the next-generation, low-cost VIPs used for building insulations.
Forging clinical collaborations and cooperation in overcoming challenges for non–COVID-19 patients during COVID-19 times: Surgical case studies requiring a multidisciplinary and inter-agency approach in Malaysia
Authors: Amir Muhammad 'Abid , Samsuddin M Juffri , Md Yusoff Shah Jumaat , Ismail Saufee , Abd Latiff Juliana
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought global health services to a standstill. National healthcare systems and medical staffing in many countries have reached crisis levels due to the phenomenal outbreak. Healthcare resources have been strained to meet the unprecedented numbers of patient admissions with a significant amount of funding and manpower being channelled towards tackling this global pandemic. Despite the rollout of vaccinations, the development of new viral strains has now presented a new challenge. With the inevitable conversion of tertiary public hospitals to specialized COVID-19 centres with ‘Full Covid Status’ and the mobilization of its doctors from all specialities to care for these patients, the non–COVID-19 patients are becoming more neglected. The lack of elective surgeries performed and non-emergent admissions due to the unavailability of beds and personnel to care for this group of patients are concerning. As most of the focus and resources are now aimed at COVID-19 patients, the need to forge collaborations and cooperation between hospitals, agencies and healthcare systems are pertinent to ensure the provision of quality treatment for those suffering from non–COVID-19 diseases. To highlight this effort in Malaysia, we would like to present 2 case studies of non–COVID-19 patients undergoing elective surgeries through intergovernmental ministerial collaborations and a public–private partnership.
Prevention and management of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Sahitya Dangudubiyyam Sri Krishna , Jandiyal Aditya , Jain Arihant , Senapati Jayastu , Nanda Saumya , Aggarwal Mukul , Kumar Pradeep , Mohapatra Sarita , Ray Pallab , Malhotra Pankaj , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Dhawan Rishi
Published: October 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Factors like mucositis, neutropenia, prolonged hospital stay, and frequent use of prophylactic antimicrobials make HCT recipients especially susceptible to CRE infections. Low culture positivity rates, delay in microbiological diagnosis, and resistance to empirical antimicrobial therapy for febrile neutropenia are responsible for high mortality rates in HCT recipients infected with CRE. In this review we discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of CRE infections with particular emphasis on patients undergoing HCT. We emphasise the need for preventive strategies like multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship, and pre-emptive screening for CRE colonisation in prospective HCT patients as measures to mitigate the adverse impact of CRE on HCT outcomes. Newer diagnostic tests like polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) assay that enable earlier and better identification of CRE isolates are discussed. Antimicrobial agents available against CRE, including newer agents like ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam, have been reviewed. We also discuss the data on promising experimental treatments against CRE: phage therapy and healthy donor faecal microbiota transplant. Finally, this review puts forth recommendations as per existing literature on diagnosis and management of CRE infections in blood and marrow transplant (BMT) unit.
Birds of a Feather Flock Together Online: Digital Inequality in Social Media Repertoires
Authors: Horvát Emőke-Ágnes , Hargittai Eszter
Published: October 2021

Communication has long been concerned with people’s media repertoires, yet little of this approach has extended to the combination of social media platforms that people use. Despite their considerable popularity, research has found that people do not select into the use of social network sites (SNSs) randomly, which has implications for both whose voices are represented on them and where messaging can reach diverse people. While prior work has considered self-selection into one SNS, in this article we ask: how are different SNSs linked by user base? Using national survey data about 1,512 US adults’ social media uses, we build networks between SNSs that connect SNS pairs by user base. We examine patterns by subgroups of users along the lines of age, gender, education, and Internet skills finding considerable variation in SNS associations by these variables. This has implications for big data analyses that depend on data from particular social media platforms. It also offers helpful lessons for how to reach different population segments when trying to communicate to diverse audiences.
Review of Whole Head Experimental Cochlear Promontory Vibration with Bone Conduction Stimulation and Investigation of Experimental Setup Effects
Authors: Prodanovic Srdjan , Stenfelt Stefan
Published: October 2021

Bone conduction sound transmission in humans has been extensively studied using cochlear promontory vibrations. These studies use vibration data collected from measurements in live humans, whole cadavers, and severed cadaver heads, with stimulation applied either at an implant in the skull bone or directly on the skin. Experimental protocols, methods, and preparation of cadavers or cadaver heads vary among the studies, and it is currently unknown to what extent the aforementioned variables affect the outcome of those studies. The current study has two aims. The first aim is to review and compare available experimental data and assess the effects of the experimental protocol and methods. The second aim is to investigate similarities and differences found between the experimental studies based on simulations in a finite element model, the LiUHead. With implant stimulation, the average cochlear promontory vibration levels were within 10 dB, independent of the experimental setup and preparations of the cadavers or cadaver heads. With on-skin stimulation, the results were consistent between cadaver heads and living humans. Partial or complete replacement of the brain with air does not affect the cochlear promontory vibration, whereas replacing the brain with liquid reduces the vibration level by up to 5 dB. An intact head–neck connection affects the vibration of the head at frequencies below 300–400 Hz with a significant vibration reduction at frequencies below 200 Hz. Removing all soft tissue, brain tissue, and intracranial fluid from the head increases the overall cochlear promontory vibration level by around 5 dB.
CEO pay and family firm heterogeneity: A behavioral agency model perspective
Authors: Fernández Méndez Carlos , Arrondo García Rubén , Pathan Shams
Published: October 2021

We study the effects of family control on CEO pay from the perspective of behavioral agency model (BAM), with particular focus on family firm’s generational stage and CEO family ties. Using a panel of Australian listed firms, we find that family firms present lower total and variable CEO pay, showing also less pay disparity between the CEO and other top executives. We also find that multi-generational family firms and those run by non-family CEOs offer higher total and variable CEO pay and present high pay disparity. The BAM and family’s aversion to socioemotional wealth loss can explain the effects of family control based on the pursuing of non-financial family goals. The decline of these goals derived from the aging of the firm and the hiring of external CEOs shape family control and should be considered in the design of executive compensation policies and by external parties when assessing their suitability.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: G30; G32; G34; G38
Korean University Students’ Problematic Alcohol use, Depression, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Kim In Hong , Jeong Yeo Won , Park Hyun Kyeong
Published: October 2021

Background

This study investigated depression, problematic alcohol use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of university students in Korea during COVID-19 lockdown and evaluated the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use in the relationship between depression and NSSI.

Methods

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 234 Korean university students’ data were used to analyze the relationship between depression and NSSI and the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use. To analyze the moderating effect, Hayes PROCESS macro (model 1) was used.

Results

Of the participants, 69.7% were problematic alcohol drinkers and 58.1% were binge drinkers. Depression and NSSI scores were 13.948 and 0.901, respectively. Of the participants, 33.3% had experienced NSSI for 6 months. Depression was positively associated with NSSI among university students. Furthermore, problematic alcohol use had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between depression and NSSI.

Conclusions

Problematic alcohol use had conditional moderating effects on the relationship between depression and NSSI. Additionally, since the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, to prevent NSSI, health care professionals in the university should screen students with problematic alcohol use and depressive symptoms.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of The Frontal Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Harrison Joshua , Marley Samantha , Shahriari Shawhin , Bowers Christian , Shetty Anil
Published: October 2021

We report a rare case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in the frontal sinus with an indolent clinical presentation. Although a history of trauma was absent, the initial diagnosis was a mucocele, based on the radiological findings. Upon surgical excision, the patient was found to have an EMP. EMP, a form of solitary plasmacytoma, has a significantly high rate of conversion to multiple myeloma. This mandates long-term follow-up, even after successful radiotherapy and/or resection. While radiation therapy is generally considered a first line treatment for EMP, surgical intervention may provide optimal treatment in complicated cases. This case presentation highlights the prognosis of patients diagnosed with EMP.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)/CCN2 Knockout: A New Murine Model of Craniofacial Development
Authors: Tarr Joseph T. , Bradley James P.
Published: October 2021

Animal models represent an invaluable tool, which must be judiciously used to provide the greatest benefit to human kind, due to their cost and time effectiveness. The CCN2 null mouse model described in this paper represents a new murine model of craniofacial development. This model is notable for its remarkably consistent phenotype and ease of colony care and propagation. The interaction of CCN2 with the TGF-β, BMP, FGF, EGF, Integrin, and WNT proteins is currently under investigated and signifies a plethora of research opportunities that may help elucidate novel therapeutic options for future patients. This paper presents a descriptive overview of the known craniofacial developmental abnormalities of this model as well as the known molecular signaling aberrances that provide clues to direct future investigative endeavors.