bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design a coordinated platform for coumarin-regulated delivery in line with the biological systems' growth phases
Authors: Akhbarati Rojan , Dehkharghani Rahebeh Amiri , Benisi Soheila Zamanlui
Published: November 2024

A full-control design can significantly improve drug release and cell proliferation for tissue engineering applications in medicine. The present investigation encompassed a molecular docking study which was performed to investigate the interaction of selected active ligand (coumarin) with the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line protein as the receptor. After that, the coumarin was extracted from the roots of p.ferulacea and its subsequent nanoencapsulation with polycaprolactone, employing the coacervation technique to achieve a narrow distribution of nano particle sizes. Subsequently, the electrospinning technique was utilized to apply a second coating to the nano-encapsulated coumarin. Polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin compounds were used to produce electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for their similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM). This coordinated nano platform aimed to assess its effectiveness in regulating drug release, evaluate its biocompatibility, and examine its impact on L929 cell proliferation according to the Lag and Log phases of their growth. In silico analyses demonstrated significant interactions and high binding energy values between the coumarin ligand and essential residues of the L929 mouse fibroblast proteins. The results of the experiments were checked using analyses of 1H NMR, FTIR, UV, SEM, mechanical properties, DSC, HRTEM, and HPLC. The biological effects and cell proliferation were conducted employing the MTT method (up to 5 days). Notably, no cytotoxicity was detected throughout the assessment. In this way, it is feasible to create a synergistic nano delivery system by delaying the release of the drug into account the timing of distinct cell lines' development phases.
Structural proteomics defines a sequential priming mechanism for the progesterone receptor
Authors: Griffin Patrick , Mann Matthew , Wang Min , Ferreon Josephine , Suess Michael , Jain Antrix , Malovannaya Anna , Alvarez Roberto Vera , Pascal Bruce , Kumar Raj , Edwards Dean
Published: November 2024

The progesterone receptor (PR) is a steroid-responsive nuclear receptor with two isoforms: PR-A and PR-B. Disruption of PR-A:PR-B signaling is associated with breast cancer through interactions with oncogenic co-regulatory proteins (CoRs). However, molecular details of isoform-specific PR-CoR interactions remain poorly understood. Using structural mass spectrometry, we investigate the sequential binding mechanism of purified full-length PR and intact CoRs, steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) and p300, as complexes on target DNA. Our findings reveal selective CoR NR-box binding by PR and unique interaction surfaces between PR and CoRs during complex assembly, providing a structural basis for CoR sequential binding on PR. Antagonist-bound PR showed persistent CoR interactions, challenging the classical model of nuclear receptor activation and repression. Collectively, we offer a peptide-level perspective on the organization of the PR transcriptional complex and infer the mechanisms behind the interactions of these proteins, both in active and inactive conformations.
Debris formation during the vibration welding of thermoplastics
Authors: Herbst Stefan , Bates Phil , Amancio-Filho Sergio , Carvalho Willian , Quijano-Solis Carlos , Schroettner Hartmuth
Published: November 2024

Vibration welding is a common industrial technique used to join thermoplastic components. One of its drawbacks is the generation of small particulate debris during welding. Preheating the weld interface is currently the primary technique that minimizes debris formation; however, it incurs a cycle time penalty. This study is the first to examine the effect of vibration welding conditions on the formation of debris using a wide range of unreinforced and glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene polymers and compounds. The work shows that all materials form small, twisted strand-like debris particles. Generally, brittle grades form more debris than ductile materials. Surprisingly, higher weld pressures decrease the quantity of debris. The volume of debris is not greatly affected by the meltdown suggesting that debris is formed in the initial stage of the welding. The work then focused on the formation of relatively long strands, referred to as fibrils, very early in the process. The shape and texture of the fibrils are very similar to those of the debris particles suggesting that debris is related to the formation and rupture of the fibrils. A mechanism is proposed that explains how fibrils are created during welding and their relation to debris.
Analysing the Influence of Infrastructure and Power Control on Cellular and Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems: Insights from Machine Learning
Authors: Ahmadi Neda , Akbarizadeh Gholamreza
Published: November 2024

In large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) networks, effective power control (PC) mechanisms play a pivotal role. Various algorithms, such as the weighted mean square error (WMMSE) algorithm, are utilized to estimate PCs, demanding considerable computational resources. This study examines the performance of PC in mMIMO systems, emphasizing the aggregate spectral efficiency (sum SE) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) constrained by SE per user equipment (UE). This investigation explores the impact of different factors, including the number of UEs, access points/base stations (APs/BSs), and the implementation of deep neural network (DNN)-based PCs, within both cellular (CL) and cell-free (CF) architectures. Through empirical analysis, the study elucidates the influence of parameter 'g' on the DNN versus WMMSE comparison curve, underscoring the importance of accounting for the quantity of APs/BSs and antennas to attain optimal PC performance.
Liver and Focal Lesion Segmentation in Multi-Sequence MRI Enhanced by Cascaded Deep Learning
Authors: Gut Daniel , Schneider Zofia , Obuchowicz Rafał , Lasek Julia
Published: November 2024

Automatic segmentation of medical images is considered to be one of the most promising applications of deep learning models. However accurate segmentation of liver lesions in MRI remains open problem. This study presents a cascaded deep learning approach for liver and focal lesion segmentation in multi-sequence MRI, specifically using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted sequences. The baseline method, utilizing a U-Net architecture, achieved robust liver segmentation but faced challenges in accurately segmenting lesions, with mean Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) of 0.700 and 0.656 on DWI and T2, respectively. To address this, a novel cascaded prediction technique was introduced, wherein segmentation predictions from one modality were iteratively refined by incorporating information from the other modality. This approach significantly improved lesion segmentation performance, with mean DSC increasing to 0.754 on DWI and 0.714 on T2 after three cascade steps. The model also showed substantial gains in lesion-wise sensitivity, crucial for accurate detection, increasing from 0.727 to 0.778 for DWI and from 0.683 to 0.738 for T2. Validation on the LLD-MMRI dataset further demonstrated the method’s generalization potential, achieving a lesion-wise sensitivity of 0.723 for DWI and 0.761 for T2. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the cascaded model in improving segmentation accuracy and suggest its utility in clinical applications for liver and lesion analysis in MRI.
DMC-BH derivative DMC-GF inhibits the growth of glioma stem cells by targeting the TRIM33/SLC25A1/mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway
Authors: Shi Lei , Huang Jian , Fei Xifeng , He Bao , Sun Zhixiang , sun guan
Published: November 2024

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) present formidable resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, thereby largely contributing to the high recurrence rates associated with gliomas. There is an urgent unmet clinical need for efficacious targeted therapeutics. Previously, we identified DMC-BH, a derivative of curcumin, exhibiting potent anti-glioma activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, it was encumbered by poor metabolic stability and a lack of specificity for the brain. To overcome these obstacles, we developed DMC-GF, a novel GLUT1 (glucose transporter protein 1)-based brain-targeted therapeutic. Our in vitro experiments revealed that DMC-GF potently inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, surpassing the performance of DMC-BH. Mechanistically, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that the action of DMC-GF against GSCs might be intricately linked to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Further exploration revealed that DMC-GF, even at lower concentrations, could cause a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and a subsequent reduction in maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Interestingly, DMC-GF administration led to a significant reduction in SLC25A1 protein levels. The overexpression of SLC25A1 significantly attenuated the DMC-GF-induced inhibition of proliferation and increase in apoptosis in GSCs. Importantly, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 was able to inhibit the DMC-GF-mediated decrease in SLC25A1 protein levels; likewise, lowering TRIM33 expression via shRNA was able to achieve a similar outcome. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential utility of DMC-GF as a targeted therapeutic against GSCs.
Green Sustainable synthesis of fused pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine systems via Hantzsch reaction
Authors: Eid Elshimaa Mohmed
Published: November 2024

Sustainable green heterocycles compounds of fused bi, tri, and tetracyclic systems containing pyrimidine-barbituric acid rings were synthesized via Hantzch reaction in a simple and efficient method using one-pot three-component of bis aldehydes, barbituric acid, and substituted amines the reactions occurred under microwave irradiation and in catalyst-free conditions. The products were produced with high yields and simple workups. This article emphasizes the significance of sustainable green philosophy that applies to synthesis methods for fused pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine systems, highlighting their environmental friendliness advantages, efficiency, and safety.
Predicting Fire Incidents with ML : an XAI approach
Authors: Lee Donghyeok , Tellez Fernando Perez , Jaiswal Rajesh
Published: November 2024

With increasing urbanization and industrial activities in Dublin city, there is a growing interest in natural disasters and accidents. In this research, we compared the regression performances for the number of fire incidents in Dublin with seven different machine learning models. We evaluated how each model performs with metrics like Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and R-Squared scores. Among the used models which are Prophet, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Simple Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, Support Vector Regression, Decision Tree Regression, and Random Forest Regression, the most precise model was the Prophet with the highest R-Squared score of 0.91 because it effectively captures the underlying trend, seasonality and holiday effects. This research also aims not only to establish the superior model but also to give clear and understandable reasons for these predictions using explainable AI (XAI). In particular, the trust in Prophet is enhanced by global explanation and local explanation for users to believe in the decision-making processes in the model. It enabled us to enhance the interpretability and transparency of the Prophet, which is aligning with ethical AI (Artificial Intelligence).
Unsupervised Band Selection Based on Covariance Matrix for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Abdelhafez Eman N. , Hagag Ahmed , Abassy Tamer A.
Published: November 2024

Spectral-spatial classification in hyperspectral imagery has garnered significant interest due to the potential to leverage detailed spectral and spatial information for improved accuracy. However, noisy, or closely spaced spectral bands in original hyperspectral images can detrimentally affect classification, often leading to their exclusion based on expert knowledge. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised band selection method utilizing a covariance matrix for hyperspectral image classification. First, spectral band analysis is performed as a preprocessing step for the proposed method. Second, the absolute difference between the spectral wavelets for the different classes is calculated to select the minimal number of bands based on the maximum absolute difference. After that, the covariance matrix is extracted from the selected band to select the most important bands. Third, the global feature was extracted from the original hyperspectral image (HSI) using selected bands determined by a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Finally, SoftMax and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were employed for classifying the different classes within the HSI images. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, it was compared against contemporary methods using two widely used public HSI datasets: Indian Pines and Salinas-A. The experimental results demonstrate convincingly that our band selection technique outperforms alternative methods in terms of classification accuracy.
Numerical investigation of the structural performance of timber concrete composite structure
Authors: Akram Mostafa Humayun , Alam Md. Rabiul , Islam Monirul
Published: November 2024

Purpose– Coastal people of the USA, Japan, Bangladesh, etc., face sustainable housing solutions against coastal hazards like hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, tsunamis, etc., for their safe human life and wealth. Most of them build their houses using locally available timber materials, which cannot resist these wind-producing forces. Timber concrete composite (TCC) structures could be the sustainable solution for this issue.
Methods– This research investigates the structural performance of the TCC push-out test made with locally available timbers (Garjan/Gamari) and low-strength brick aggregate concrete. The push-out test represents the practical performance of timber-concrete composite beam slab elements in composite structures. A numerical model was developed using ANSYS finite element (FE) software to simulate the timber-concrete push-out test accurately. This model considered nonlinear material behavior, interface conditions, and complex geometries to capture the structural responses realistically.
Results– The failure load obtained from the analysis closely satisfies the experimental failure load carried out by another researcher and the CUET laboratory. Moreover, a calibrated version of the numerical model based on experimental data achieved a high degree of agreement with load-slip relationships. The failure load and slip increased with the increased strength of concrete. The failure load for Garjan timber was higher than that of Gamari timber. Specimens with 6 rebar shear connectors exhibited a greater failure load than those with only 2.
Conclusion– This research intentions to improve the understanding of the behavior of timber-concrete composite structures and provide valuable insights for optimizing their design and performance. The TCC housing system is sustainable, environmentally friendly, and a novel solution for housing for moderate to low-income coastal people. TCC structures are able to provide necessary rehabilitation for the coastal people of the world.
Efficient and Accurate Stereo Matching via Guided Deformable Aggregation
Authors: Li Jie , Li Xinjia , Chang Mingyuan , Wang Lin , Du Shuangli , Zhou Jie , Liu Yiguang
Published: November 2024

In stereo vision, depth information relies on the dense registration accuracy of binocular stereo images, and its realtime performance is also significant in many automation applications. Recently, it is still a challenge to balance the efficiency and accuracy. Motivated by this problem, we propose a lightweight 2D guided deformable aggregation(GDA) module. It uses color prior information to learn the aggregation sampling points for fitting the irregular window. And it enables to fast recover the lost high-frequency detail information from a coarse cost volume. Furthermore, we propose a guided deformable aggregation based stereo matching network (GDANet) for balancing the efficiency and accuracy. It builds a fast 3D network to obtain the cost volume of low-frequency non-detail regions, and then uses the lightweight 2D GDA module to recover high-frequency detail regions. Experiments show that GDANet achieves better results than current high efficiency methods in SceneFlow and KITTI datasets. Especially, in edge regions and thin structures, our method shows better qualitative and quantitative results.
Successive Approximation Register Maximum Power Point Tracking Control with modified PWM-VSI STATCOM for active and reactive power management in a utility grid tied solar photovoltaic system
Authors: Nibedita Nibedita Ghosh , Asha Asha Rani M. A. , Rahul Rahul Kumar
Published: November 2024

A photovoltaic micro grid linked to a utility grid requires active and reactive power control. Active power balances generation and load demand, preventing oversupply or overloading. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) based on a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is used to control these power flows, enhancing grid stability, power quality, and energy efficiency. Reactive power is crucial for maintaining voltage levels within the grid, especially in distribution networks with high PV penetration. STATCOM, a PWM-VSI-based system, manages reactive power flow by dynamically adjusting the inverter's output voltage to compensate for voltage fluctuations and maintain a stable voltage profile. Reactive power management enhances reliability and quality in micro grid connected utility grid by minimizing issues like voltage sags, flickers, and power losses. In this proposed system, the modified PWM-VSI STATCOM regulates PV system voltage and current waveforms using P&O MPPT controller and SAR MPPT controller, ensuring grid stability during variable solar generation. Active power and reactive power controlling by implementing SAR MPPT connected SPV system tied 400 V,50 Hz utility grid integrated modified PWM-VSI STATCOM controller is superior as compared to the P&O MPPT connected SPV system tied 400 V, 50 Hz utility grid integrated modified PWM-VSI STATCOM controller in terms of active power management and reactive power control. In this proposed system, it has been observed that the SAR MPPT control based SPV plant is capable to extract 13.56 KW power & 883.9 V whereas P&O control based SPV plant is capable to extract 13.47 KW power, 882.7 V.
Chitosan-clay beads: Preparation, characterization and use as water adsorbent
Authors: Mourak Abdellah , hajjaji mohamed , alagui abdelhakim
Published: November 2024

The microstructure of beads composed of 50 mass% α-chitosan and either montmorillonite, a clay minerals mixture (illite, pyrophyllite, and kaolinite), or palygorskite was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the kinetics of water adsorption and desorption by the beads were studied at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 45°C. Adsorption-desorption cycles were conducted to assess the beads performance. The findings revealed that chitosan and montmorillonite were linked by electrostatic forces, with no intercalation of chitosan observed. Additionally, attractive electrostatic forces were noted between the clay minerals assemblage and chitosan. Conversely, repulsive electrostatic forces occurred between chitosan and palygorskite, with the clay fibers acting as fillers. The study also showed that the maximal adsorption kinetic constants for montmorillonite-containing beads, palygorskite-containing beads, and chitosan beads were 13.6x10⁻³ s⁻¹, 16.7x10⁻³ s⁻¹, and 31x10⁻³ s⁻¹, respectively. As for the beads composed of the clay minerals assemblage, the maximum adsorption kinetic constant was 2.8x10⁻² mg.s⁻¹. Notably, high water adsorption capacities were measured for the beads consisting of palygorskite and the clay minerals assemblage (22% and 34% mass/mass, respectively). Regarding desorption kinetics, relatively high rate constants were determined for beads composed of montmorillonite and the clay minerals assemblage (38.6x10⁻² s⁻¹ and 39x10⁻² s⁻¹, respectively). In addition, more than 90% of adsorbed water was released by all studied beads at 45°C, and the adsorption/desorption performances of the beads were not significantly affected by the applied cycles.
Descriptive phenomenology of examples of dishonesty in psychotherapy from the client's point of view
Authors: Alipour Hossein , Akbari Mahdi
Published: November 2024

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying examples of dishonesty in psychotherapy from the clients' point of view in 1402. The method used in this research is a qualitative, descriptive phenomenology type. The statistical population of this research included all the clients of counseling centers in Amol city in 1402 who participated in this research using non-probability sampling method. The researcher reached information saturation by interviewing 19 clients and 4 more interviews were conducted with the clients, in total 23 people were the sample clients of this study. A 3-question semi-structured interview protocol was used to collect information. The seven-stage descriptive phenomenological method of Collaizi was used for data analysis. The findings showed that dishonesty in the treatment room is inevitable and the reasons for clients' dishonesty include individual reasons such as; sexual experiences and cognitive errors and external reasons including; Family experiences are lived experiences in society and the therapist's reaction. The results showed that it is difficult for the clients to tell about some issues, and most of them hid at least one issue from their therapist. Clients stated the possibility of being judged by the therapist, not trusting the therapist's confidentiality and avoiding feeling shame as the reason for dishonesty.
An innovative framework for quantifying eco-meteorological droughts in Iran rangeland ecosystems using Copula functions
Authors: Parisaei Banafsheh , Soltani Saeid , Pourmanafi Saeid , Jafari Reza , Isfahani Poria Mohit
Published: November 2024

Drought alone is one of the most complex and costly extreme events for ecosystems, whose types and effects are not solely specific to the lack of a moisture source or a particular region. A less noticeable aspect in drought studies is that this phenomenon can occur together with several other types of droughts or several extreme events and cause more damage than this phenomenon alone. One type of compound drought that can seriously threaten the health of ecosystems is eco-meteorological compound drought. These compound droughts take place when meteorological drought occurs in a situation where the ecosystem is ecologically vulnerable, or in other words, ecological drought dominates the ecosystem. Based on these facts, the purpose of this research was to develop multifaceted approaches for identifying and quantifying compound eco-meteorological droughts, by introducing two copula-based multivariate indices called Standard Eco-Meteorological Drought Index (SEMDI) and Ecological Drought Condition Index (EDCI). The basis for the calculation of both introduced indices was the linking of meteorological drought and ecological drought information through copula functions. In this study, the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to determine meteorological drought conditions, and the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) was used to determine ecological drought conditions. The results of the research showed that both introduced indices have a suitable capability for modeling the dependence structure between SPI and VHI variables, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. It was also found that the important rangeland ecosystems of Iran in the central plateau and eastern regions, western, southwestern, and southern regions of Iran compared to the northern, northeastern, and northwestern regions suffer more from eco-meteorological droughts, both in terms of frequency and drought intensity. The results achieved in the present study can provide useful information for comprehensive crisis management and reducing the effects of compound droughts in the rangeland ecosystems of Iran.
Deep Ransomware Detection through Dynamic Vulnerability Profiling for Real-Time Threat Identification
Authors: Oppal Michael , Whitmore Sebastian , Holloway Vincent , Abernathy Winston
Published: November 2024

The escalating sophistication and frequency of ransomware attacks have demonstrated the necessity for innovative detection methodologies capable of adapting to rapidly evolving threats. Dynamic Vulnerability Profiling (DVP) emerges as a novel approach, dynamically modeling system vulnerabilities in response to the adaptive behaviors exhibited by contemporary ransomware. Through the integration of advanced machine learning algorithms and real-time data processing, DVP achieves high detection accuracy and resilience against sophisticated evasion techniques, addressing critical challenges inherent in current cybersecurity frameworks. Empirical evaluations demonstrate DVP's adaptability across various ransomware types and its efficient resource utilization, highlighting its potential for deployment in diverse operational environments. The insights derived from this study not only demonstrate the effectiveness of DVP but also contribute to the broader discourse on enhancing proactive defense mechanisms against ransomware threats, emphasizing the imperative of continuous innovation and adaptation in cybersecurity strategies.
Rock classification according to seismo-electric and electrokinetic effect occurrence
Authors: Hallbauer-Zadorozhnaya V. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The seismoelectric effect and the effect of induced polarization of the electro-osmotic type belong to the category of electrokinetic phenomena. The theoretical foundations of both effects are based on the Helmholtz – Smoluchowski equations applied to streaming potentials and electro-osmosis. However, electrokinetic phenomena of significant amplitude do not occur in every type of rocks. Using the mathematical concepts of M. Biot who regarded the fluid motion relative to a solid matrix for slow seismic waves in the wave equation and R.N. Chandler’s problem on transient pressure inside a pore, the amplitude of seismoelectric effect in porous rocks has been calculated. The purpose of the study is to present the analysis results of the amplitudes of electrokinetic effects that occur either when a pressure gradient is imposed on the rock or when there is a potential difference, based on F. Gassman’s classification of the relationship between the components of distinguishing rocks with perfect, imperfect and absent connections between the phases. It has been shown that seismoelectric effect does not occur in rocks with no bonding between the components, where the pore filler freely circulates in the pore space and pores are well connected to each other. The rocks with perfect connection also feature no motion of pore moisture as a result electrokinetic phenomena in these rocks are suppressed. The seismoelectric effect and electroosmotic phenomena occur only in the rocks with imperfect bonding between the components (rocks with low, medium and partially high permeability (except clays)) with the pore radius of 1·10-6–n·10-4 m. The effects of induced polarization distort TEM signals and can be detected only at the values of the induced polarization decay constant of ~ 1 μs – n ms.
Radio telemetry signal quality enhancement system to improve Earth remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles efficiency in real-time kinematics mode
Authors: Erofeev V. V. , Kosterev A. N. , Valkova E. D. , Matytsin V. V.
Published: November 2024

When conducting remote sensing of the Earth using unmanned aerial vehicles, the problem of connection disruption between the operator’s base station and the unmanned aerial vehicle controller often arises due to natural obstacles to radio signal propagation (relief, vegetation, etc.) as well as a large range of the vehicle. The loss of connection is especially critical when surveying is carried out using a real-time kinematics technology, which ensures the transmission of correction amendments from the base station to the unmanned aerial vehicle controller to ensure high-precision spatial referencing of the obtained data. The objective of the work was to create a signal retransmission system with the possibility to install it on a light-class unmanned aerial vehicle capable of hovering in the air for more than three hours, for transmitting a radio signal from the base to the unmanned aerial vehicle via a third-party device beyond natural terrain obstacles and over long distances. Having compared various methods of signal transmission via a third-party device, the authors determined the most suitable configuration that meets the requirements for signal transmission quality and design simplicity for performing work in hard-to-reach regions. To create the repeater, RFD radio modems of various series were used and various operating frequencies were tested due to their availability and wide customization capabilities. The work resulted in obtaining a repeater pair of radio modems that make it possible to redirect the radio signal from the base station to the unmanned aerial vehicle without any loss of data quality and transfer rate for performing remote sensing of the Earth using the real-time kinematics technology. A secondary feature of the repeater is the possibility to use it as a search system in case of unmanned aerial vehicles emergency landing if the search beacon is unavailable.
A possible alternative to antibacterial therapy in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Popadyuk V. I. , Korkmazov A. M. , Aslambekova A. A.
Published: November 2024

High incidence of acute rhinosinusitis in a population remains one of the topical issues in practical otolaryngology. Statistical data show an increasing trend towards transition of acute rhinosinusitis in patients into chronic rhinosinusitis. According to literary sources, the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is as a rule the major reason of protracted course of the disease. Unreasonable antibiotics prescription, irrational use and uncontrolled intake result in the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. In this context, the use of herbal medicines having not only antibacterial, but also mucolytic, fungicidal, antioxidant effects in the complex therapy is a modern solution for disease management. Respero Myrtol, a standardized myrtol-based medicine, has taken its rightful place in the therapy. This article is aimed to investigate the possibilities of the effective use of medicine containing standardized myrtol as its main ingredient in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (based on the review of literature). Research materials included scientific articles on aspects of acute rhinosinusitis in otorhinolaryngology practice that were published in domestic specialized periodicals of eLIBRARY and scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline from 2014 to 2024. The published literature was analysed using the cause-and-effect technique. A clinical example was dis-cussed. With regard to the analysis of scientific literature, a brief overview of the epidemiology, etiology, predisposing factors for the development, diagnosis and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis was provided. The article addresses relevant socio-economic issues related to acute rhinosinusitis, the problem of antibiotic resistance. The issues of improving acute rhinosinusitis treatments using a standardized myrtol medicine in complex therapy as an alternative to antibiotic therapy were brought to attention. As a result, the authors concluded that the use of Respero Myrtol contributes to the rapid relief of clinical symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis, improves the patient’s quality of life, and can be advised as an alternative to antibiotic therapy in uncomplicated course of the disease.
Possibilities of intraoperative hemostasis in endoscopic choanoplasty in children
Authors: Asmanov A. I. , Pivneva N. D. , Degtyareva D. V. , Lukin A. M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Recently, a significant breakthrough has been noted in the surgery of congenital choanal atresia in children: new approaches, various modifications of surgical techniques of choanoplasty have reduced the percentage of complications along with achieving good clinical results in restoring nasal breathing. The outcome of surgery largely depends on adequate hemostasis. Thus, increasing its effectiveness remains relevant.

Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of intraoperative hemostasis during choanoplasty in patients with congenital choanal atresia (CCA).

Materials and methods. The study included 63 children diagnosed with CCA treated at the Veltischev Institute (Moscow). The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group and the control group. In the main group, hemostasis was carried out by using a bipolar coagulator (power 18 W), periodic irrigation of the surgical field with 1-2 ml of 1% solution of incomplete silver salt of polyacrylic acid (total volume 10-20 ml), in combination with intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight at a rate of 1 ml/min. In the control group, only coagulation and tranexamic acid were used.

Results and discussion. In the main group, the use of incomplete silver salt of polyacrylic acid reduced the average volume of blood loss by 1.3 times compared with the control group.

Conclusion. The study showed that the use of incomplete silver salt of polyacrylic acid in hemostasis during choanoplasty in children with CCA is effective.
The effect of topical medications on olfactory function: Barrier therapy
Authors: Radtsig E. Yu. , Egina A. D. , Polunin M. M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Sensory organs help humans exist in the surrounding world, but the evaluation of olfaction remained “in the shadows” practically until the COVID-19 pandemic, although many questions are still insufficiently studied, such as the effect of intranasal medications on olfactory function.

Aim. To assess the olfactory function in healthy volunteers before and after a course of using an ectoine nasal solution.

Materials and methods. Under our observation were healthy volunteers (medical university students and healthcare workers aged 16 to 35 years) who, in addition to routine ENT examinations, underwent an assessment of their olfactory status using a professional set of odorants for olfactometry and subjectively using a self-assessment scale for olfaction before and after a course of ectoine nasal solution, as well as a self-assessment of its preventive effect. The collected data were recorded in Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft Office 365) for further statistical analysis.

Results and discussion. The results showed an average increase of 1 point in the self-assessment of olfaction in the observation group, as well as an increase in the number of “correct” responses when using the set of odorants. However, discrepancies were noted between self-assessment and the objective evaluation of olfaction. The extent of the preventive effect (based on the self-assessment by participants using a 10-point visual analog scale) was rated at 5 points.

Conclusions. 1. A one-month course of barrier therapy (ectoine nasal solution) does not cause any impairment in olfactory function, as evidenced by olfactometric testing (an average increase of 10% in correct responses across the group, with 80% of participants showing improvement) and olfaction self-assessment (an average increase of 1 point across the group, with 55% of participants showing improvement). 2. Self-assessment of olfaction cannot be considered a reliable measure of the actual olfactory function. 3. The use of barrier therapy (ectoine nasal solution) has a moderate preventive effect (5 points).
The use of azithromycin in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Vysockaya S. S. , Chernoivan A. V. , Korkmazov A. M. , Aslambekova A. A.
Published: November 2024

Despite the extensive accumulated clinical experience, inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear still remain an important problem in the field of otorhinolaryngology, especially pediatric practice, since these diseases are associated with the risk of complications. One of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment is the incorrect initial antibacterial therapy. Errors in antimicrobial therapy are associated with both insufficient knowledge of clinical pharmacology by doctors and incorrect interpretation of anamnestic and clinical data, which leads to incorrect treatment of CCA. The aim of the work is to analyze the use of azithromycin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract and ear infections in children, based on pharmacological characteristics, as well as to consider current methods of antibiotic therapy in pediatric practice. An analysis of the literature and our own observations allows us to conclude that azithromycin is an effective antibacterial drug. Taking into account the low toxicity and good bioavailability, azithromycin continues to be one of the main drugs in the arsenal of doctors for the treatment of various infections, including respiratory diseases and infectious processes of ENT organs in children caused by both typical and atypical bacterial pathogens. The convenient dosage form and simple dosage regimen make this drug a popular choice in outpatient pediatric practice, which confirms the widespread use and trust in this antibacterial drug among both doctors and parents.
Features of the clinical and functional state of the nose in patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and impaired sense of smell
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Volov N. V. , Kurenkov A. V. , Blashentsev M. K.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. According to EPOS 2020, сhronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypsis detected in 2–4.3% of the population, in Russia about 1.5 million people suffer from polyposis. In clinical practice, attention is most often paid to indicators of respiratory function. At the same time, the assessment of olfactory impairment characteristic of CRSwNP is carried out only by answering one of the 22 questions of the SNOT-22 questionnaire, and indicators of olfactory function are rarely taken into account when evaluating the results of objective research methods.

Aim. To study the features of the clinical and functional state of the nose in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and impaired sense of smell.

Materials and methods. 50 patients with сhronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypsis were examined. The study included an assessment of the sense of smell using Sniffin Stiks test-12, a study of respiratory function, performing a video endoscopy of the nose, computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses. A comprehensive assessment of the condition was carried out using the SNOT-22 questionnaire.

Results. The subjective assessment of the sense of smell by patients with CRSwNP does not always coincide with the results of identification tests. The results of the SNOT-22 questionnaire often depend on the degree of olfactory impairment. Patients with CRSwNP and anosmia are more likely to complain of postnasal congestion, thick nasal discharge and cough than patients with hyposmia, which is consistent with objective research methods.

Conclusions. In patients with Ghronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypsis and varying degrees of olfactory impairment, heterogeneity of the clinical and functional state of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses was noted. When interpreting the results of the SNOT-22 questionnaire, it is advisable to use factor analysis, taking into account the patient’s complaints. To plan individual management of patients with CRSwNP, a comprehensive assessment of the sense of smell is necessary, including identification tests, as well as an additional assessment of the results of computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses and a video endoscopic picture of the nose according to generally recognized scales.
Sound therapy in the treotment of tinnitus
Authors: Levina E. A. , Levin S. V. , Dvoryanchikov V. V. , Kuzovkov V. E.
Published: November 2024

Tinnitus is currently a serious problem of rhinolaryngology, leads to a significant decrease in the quality of human life, limits his ability to household, social and professional activities. It has a high prevalence and occurs in 10-15% of the adult population, while in 1-3% of cases a severe form of the disease is observed. There are more than 60 treatments for ear noise in the world. These include drug therapy; physiotherapeutic effects that allow stimulating various parts of the auditory pathway from the hair cells of the cochlea, the nuclei of the brain stem, the medulla oblongata, the temporal gyri of the cerebral cortex; sound therapy, as well as the use of technical means audio maskers, hearing aids, implants. The aim of this review is to highlight the current state of the issue, to analyze the sound-activating methods of rehabilitation of patients with tinnitus proposed in world practice. Such a variety of techniques is due to the polyethological nature of the factors causing tinnitus and the empirical approach to treatment. A significant arsenal of medications and surgical interventions used to treat pathological auditory sensations often turns out to be far from universal and often ineffective. It should be noted that with an increase in the prescription of subjective tinnitus, the effectiveness of drug therapy decreases and, in turn, the importance of rehabilitation therapies increases. Most modern methods of treating this pathology are based on the principles of neuroplasticity the ability of the central nervous system to structurally and functionally reorganize. Recently, much attention has been paid to non-drug treatment methods, including the method of reeducation (sound therapy).
On the local treatment of exacerbation of tonsillopharyngitis
Authors: Karpov I. A. , Lengina M. A. , Korkmazov A. M. , Kornova N. V. , Popadyuk V. I.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Anatomical and topographic features of abundant pharyngeal innervation, causing pronounced symptoms of exacerbations of tonsillopharyngitis and significantly reducing the well-being of patients, will determine the improvement of treatment.

Aim. To evaluate the possibility of using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with the flurbiprofen in complex exacerbations of chronic tonsillopharyngitis.

Materials and methods. The clinical observation of 117 patients with exacerbation of chronic tonsillopharyngitis was carried out. By random sampling, all patients were divided into 2 groups, where persons of the main group (n = 61) for standard conservative therapy took a tableted nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with the active substance flurbiprofen 1 tablet with a 3-6-hour time interval during.

Results and discussion. On day 3 of the therapy, a more pronounced improvement in both the severity of clinical complaints and pharyngoscopy data was noted to a greater extent in patients of the main group: a decrease in the severity of edema of the palatine tonsils by 1.6 points, vascular injection by 1.8 points, edema of the palatine arches by 2.2 points, hyperemia of the mucous membrane by 3.7 points. In the Conrol group (n = 56), there was a decrease in the severity of edema of the palatine tonsils by 1.4 points, vascular injection by 1.2 points, edema of the palatine arches by 1.7 points, hyperemia of the mucous membrane by 2.4 points. During the 7-day course of treatment, psychological health was restored by 24.8 points in the control group and by 32.3 points in the main group. An increase in vital activity was noted by 18.7 points in the control group and by 34.2 points in the main group, a clear increase in physical activity by 19.6 points and 7.6 points in the main and control groups, respectively.

Conclusions. Earlier relief of inflammatory symptoms of exacerbations of tonsillopharyngitis and restoration of patient well-being when a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was included in complex therapy confirmed its good efficacy and safety.
Hardware treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Isachenko V. S. , Chernoivan A. V. , Vysockaya S. S. , Maltseva G. S. , Butskikh M. G. , Koksharova A. A.
Published: November 2024

Acute respiratory viral infections are among the most common diseases affecting the health of the population and often leading to complications from the upper respiratory tract. Medical treatment of acute respiratory viral infection is often complemented by hardware therapies that help reduce the risk of complications and accelerate recovery. This paper describes modern hardware methods for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, including low-frequency ultrasound cavitation, photochromotherapy, ultraviolet irradiation and UHF therapy. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in comparison with drug-based approaches. The possibilities of using these methods both in medical institutions and at home using the MULTILOR device were also investigated. Data analysis has shown that the use of hardware treatment methods significantly reduces the severity of symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, shortens the duration of the disease and reduces the risk of complications. It is important to note that devices such as MULTILOR allow for treatment at home, increasing the availability of therapy. Hardware treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) of the upper respiratory tract is a promising direction in modern medical practice, due to its proven effectiveness, safety and variety of technologies used. The inclusion in therapeutic regimens of such methods as low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation, ultraviolet irradiation (UVF), as well as UHF therapy, allows not only to significantly accelerate the regression of clinical symptoms, but also prevents the development of complications often associated with acute respiratory viral infections. The combined effect of these methods contributes to a significant reduction in symptoms, improvement of the condition of the mucous membranes and prevention of disease recurrence.