bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Control Law and Brain Activity of Voluntary Motion by Utilizing a Balancing Task with an Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Harashima Fumio , Furuta Katsuhisa
Published: July 2010

Human characteristics concerning voluntary motion control are investigated, because this motion is fundamental for the machine operation and human-computer system. Using a force feedback haptic device and a balancing task of a virtual inverted pendulum, participants were trained in the task, and hand motion/force was measured, and brain activity was monitored. First, through brain analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and motion analysis of the pendulum, we identified a participant who was the most expert. Next, control characteristics of the most expert were investigated by considering the operational force and delay factor of a human. As a result, it was found that predictive control based on velocity information was used predominantly although a perception feedback control against the pendulum posture worked. And it was shown that an on-off intermittency control, which was a strategy for the skilled balancing, can be described well by a liner model involving two types of time shifts for the position and velocity. In addition, it was confirmed that the cortex activity for observation in an ocular motor control area and visual processing area was strong to enhance above-mentioned control strategies.
Brain Aging in the Oldest-Old
Authors: von Gunten A. , Ebbing K. , Imhof A. , Giannakopoulos P. , Kövari E.
Published: July 2010

Nonagenarians and centenarians represent a quickly growing age group worldwide. In parallel, the prevalence of dementia increases substantially, but how to define dementia in this oldest-old age segment remains unclear. Although the idea that the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) decreases after age 90 has now been questioned, the oldest-old still represent a population relatively resistant to degenerative brain processes. Brain aging is characterised by the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques (SPs) as well as neuronal and synaptic loss in both cognitively intact individuals and patients with AD. In nondemented cases NFTs are usually restricted to the hippocampal formation, whereas the progressive involvement of the association areas in the temporal neocortex parallels the development of overt clinical signs of dementia. In contrast, there is little correlation between the quantitative distribution of SP and AD severity. The pattern of lesion distribution and neuronal loss changes in extreme aging relative to the younger-old. In contrast to younger cases where dementia is mainly related to severe NFT formation within adjacent components of the medial and inferior aspects of the temporal cortex, oldest-old individuals display a preferential involvement of the anterior part of the CA1 field of the hippocampus whereas the inferior temporal and frontal association areas are relatively spared. This pattern suggests that both the extent of NFT development in the hippocampus as well as a displacement of subregional NFT distribution within the Cornu ammonis (CA) fields may be key determinants of dementia in the very old. Cortical association areas are relatively preserved. The progression of NFT formation across increasing cognitive impairment was significantly slower in nonagenarians and centenarians compared to younger cases in the CA1 field and entorhinal cortex. The total amount of amyloid and the neuronal loss in these regions were also significantly lower than those reported in younger AD cases. Overall, there is evidence that pathological substrates of cognitive deterioration in the oldest-old are different from those observed in the younger-old. Microvascular parameters such as mean capillary diameters may be key factors to consider for the prediction of cognitive decline in the oldest-old. Neuropathological particularities of the oldest-old may be related to “longevity-enabling” genes although little or nothing is known in this promising field of future research.
The Other T Helper Cells in Asthma Pathogenesis
Authors: Vock Christina , Hauber Hans-Peter , Wegmann Michael
Published: July 2010

The complex phenotype of allergic bronchial asthma involves a variable degree of bronchoobstruction, increased mucus production, and airway remodeling. So far it is suggested that it arises from multiple interactions of infiltrating and structural cells in the context of chronic airway inflammation that is orchestrated by T helper 2 (TH2) cells. By secreting a plethora of typical mediators such as interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, and IL-13, these cells hold a key position in asthma pathogenesis. However, therapeutic approaches targeting these TH2-type mediators failed to improve asthma symptoms and impressively showed that asthma pathogenesis cannot be reduced by TH2 cell functions. Recently, other T helper cells, that is, TH9 and TH17 cells, have been identified and these cells also contribute to asthma pathogenesis, the processes leading to formation or aggravation of asthma. Furthermore, TH25 cells, TH3 cells, and regulatory T cells have also been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. This paper aims at summarizing recent insights about these new T helper cells in asthma pathogenesis.
Forecasting of Sporadic Demand Patterns with Seasonality and Trend Components: An Empirical Comparison between Holt‐Winters and (S)ARIMA Methods
Authors: Gamberini Rita , Lolli Francesco , Rimini Bianca , Sgarbossa Fabio
Published: July 2010

Items with irregular and sporadic demand profiles are frequently tackled by companies, given the necessity of proposing wider and wider mix, along with characteristics of specific market fields (i.e., when spare parts are manufactured and sold). Furthermore, a new company entering into the market is featured by irregular customers′ orders. Hence, consistent efforts are spent with the aim of correctly forecasting and managing irregular and sporadic products demand. In this paper, the problem of correctly forecasting customers′ orders is analyzed by empirically comparing existing forecasting techniques. The case of items with irregular demand profiles, coupled with seasonality and trend components, is investigated. Specifically, forecasting methods (i.e., Holt‐Winters approach and (S)ARIMA) available for items with seasonality and trend components are empirically analyzed and tested in the case of data coming from the industrial field and characterized by intermittence. Hence, in the conclusions section, well‐performing approaches are addressed.
Modeling and Control of a Dragonfly-Like Robot
Authors: Couceiro Micael S. , Ferreira N. M. Fonseca , Tenreiro Machado J. A.
Published: July 2010

Dragonflies demonstrate unique and superior flight performances than most of the other insect species and birds. They are equipped with two pairs of independently controlled wings granting an unmatchable flying performance and robustness. In this paper, the dynamics of a dragonfly-inspired robot is studied. The system performance is analyzed in terms of time response and robustness. The development of computational simulation based on the dynamics of the robotic dragonfly allows the test of different control algorithms. We study different movements, the dynamics, and the level of dexterity in wing motion of the dragonfly. The results are positive for the construction of flying platforms that effectively mimic the kinematics and dynamics of dragonflies and potentially exhibit superior flight performance than existing flying platforms.
Late Simultaneous Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Submandibular and Thyroid Glands Seven Years after Radical Nephrectomy
Authors: Miah Mohammed S. , White Sharon J. , Oommen George , Birney Esther , Majumdar Samit
Published: July 2010

Background. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis to the salivary glands is extremely rare. Most cases reported previously have involved the parotid gland and only six cases involving the submandibular gland exist in the current literature. Metastasis of RCC to thyroid gland is also rare but appears to be more common than to salivary glands.Methods and Results. We present the first case of simultaneous metastasis to the submandibular and thyroid glands from clear cell RCC in a 61-year-old woman who presented seven years after the primary treatment. The submandibular and thyroid glands were excised completely with preservation of the marginal mandibular and recurrent laryngeal nerves, respectively.Conclusion. Metastatic disease should always be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients who present with painless salivary or thyroid gland swelling with a previous history of RCC. If metastatic disease is confined only to these glands, prompt surgical excision can be curative.
Assigning Significance in Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics to Include Single-Peptide-Hit Proteins with Low Replicates
Authors: Li Qingbo
Published: July 2010

When sample replicates are limited in a label-free proteomics experiment, selecting differentially regulated proteins with an assignment of statistical significance remains difficult for proteins with a single-peptide hit or a small fold-change. This paper aims to address this issue. An important component of the approach employed here is to utilize the rule of Minimum number of Permuted Significant Pairings (MPSP) to reduce false positives. The MPSP rule generates permuted sample pairings from limited analytical replicates and simply requires that a differentially regulated protein can be selected only when it is found significant in designated number of permuted sample pairings. Both a power law global error model with a signal-to-noise ratio statistic (PLGEM-STN) and a constant fold-change threshold were initially used to select differentially regulated proteins. But both methods were found not stringent enough to control the false discovery rate to 5% in this study. On the other hand, the combination of the MPSP rule with either of these two methods significantly reduces false positives with little effect on the sensitivity to select differentially regulated proteins including those with a single-peptide hit or with a <2-fold change.
Best Approximations Theorem for a Couple in Cone Banach Space
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Türkoğlu Duran
Published: July 2010

The notion of coupled fixed point is introduced by Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham, (2006). In this manuscript, some result of Mitrović, (2010) extended to the class of cone Banach spaces.
20 Years of Research on Socioeconomic Inequality and Children's—Unintentional Injuries Understanding the Cause-Specific Evidence at Hand
Authors: Laflamme Lucie , Hasselberg Marie , Burrows Stephanie
Published: July 2010

Injuries are one of the major causes of both death and social inequalities in health in children. This paper reviews and reflects on two decades of empirical studies (1990 to 2009) published in the peer-reviewed medical and public health literature on socioeconomic disparities as regards the five main causes of childhood unintentional injuries (i.e., traffic, drowning, poisoning, burns, falls). Studies have been conducted at both area and individual levels, the bulk of which deal with road traffic, burn, and fall injuries. As a whole and for each injury cause separately, their results support the notion that low socioeconomic status is greatly detrimental to child safety but not in all instances and settings. In light of variations between causes and, within causes, between settings and countries, it is emphasized that the prevention of inequities in child safety requires not only that proximal risk factors of injuries be tackled but also remote and fundamental ones inherent to poverty.
Performance Evaluation of Triple Play Services Delivery with E2E QoS Provisioning
Authors: Zotos Nikolaos , Pallis Evangelos , Kourtis Anastasios
Published: July 2010

The creation and wide use of new high quality demanding services (VoIP, High Quality Video Streaming) and the delivery of them over already saturated core and access network infrastructures have created the necessity for E2E QoS provisioning. Network Providers use at their infrastructures several kinds of mechanisms and techniques for providing QoS. Most known and widely used technologies are MPLS and DiffServ. The IEEE 802.16-2004 standard (WiMAX) refers to a promising wireless broadband technology with enhanced QoS support algorithms. This document presents an experimental network infrastructure providing E2E QoS, using a combination of MPLS and DiffServ technologies in the core network and WiMAX technology as the wireless access medium for high priority services (VoIP, High Quality Video Streaming) transmission. The main scope is to map the traffic prioritization and classification attributes of the core network to the access network in a way which does not affect the E2E QoS provisioning. The performance evaluation will be done by introducing different kinds of traffic scenarios in a saturated and overloaded network environment. The evaluation will prove that this combination made feasible the E2E QoS provisioning while keeping the initial constrains as well as the services delivered over a wireless network.
Investigation of Genipin Cross-Linked Microcapsule for Oral Delivery of Live Bacterial Cells and Other Biotherapeutics: Preparation and In Vitro Analysis in Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Model
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Ouyang Wei , Martoni Christopher , Afkhami Fatemeh , Lawuyi Bisi , Lim Trisna , Prakash Satya
Published: July 2010

Oral therapy utilizing engineered microorganisms has shown promise in the treatment of many diseases. By microencapsulation, viable cells can overcome the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment and secrete needed therapeutics into the gut. These engineered cells should be encased without escaping into the GI tract for safety concerns, thus robust microcapsule membrane is requisite. This paper examined the GI performance of a novel microcapsule membrane using a dynamic simulated human GI model. Results showed that the genipin cross-linked alginate-chitosan (GCAC) microcapsules possessed strong resistance to structural disintegration in the simulated GI environment. Leakage of encapsulated high molecular weight dextran, a model material to be protected during the simulated GI transit, was negligible over 72 h of exposure, in contrast to considerable leakage of dextran from the non-cross-linked counterparts. These microcapsules did not alter the microflora and enzymatic activities in the simulated human colonic media. This study suggested the potential of the GCAC microcapsules for oral delivery of live microorganisms and other biotherapeutics.
Noninvasive Assessment of Tissue Heating During Cardiac Radiofrequency Ablation Using MRI Thermography
Authors: Kolandaivelu Aravindan , Zviman Menekhem M. , Castro Valeria , Lardo Albert C. , Berger Ronald D. , Halperin Henry R.
Published: July 2010

Background—

Failure to achieve properly localized, permanent tissue destruction is a common cause of arrhythmia recurrence after cardiac ablation. Current methods of assessing lesion size and location during cardiac radiofrequency ablation are unreliable or not suited for repeated assessment during the procedure. MRI thermography could be used to delineate permanent ablation lesions because tissue heating above 50°C is the cause of permanent tissue destruction during radiofrequency ablation. However, image artifacts caused by cardiac motion, the ablation electrode, and radiofrequency ablation currently pose a challenge to MRI thermography in the heart. In the current study, we sought to demonstrate the feasibility of MRI thermography during cardiac ablation.

Methods and Results—

An MRI-compatible electrophysiology catheter and filtered radiofrequency ablation system was used to perform ablation in the left ventricle of 6 mongrel dogs in a 1.5-T MRI system. Fast gradient-echo imaging was performed before and during radiofrequency ablation, and thermography images were derived from the preheating and postheating images. Lesion extent by thermography was within 20% of the gross pathology lesion.

Conclusions—

MR thermography appears to be a promising technique for monitoring lesion formation and may allow for more accurate placement and titration of ablation, possibly reducing arrhythmia recurrences.
Left-to-Right Atrial Inward Rectifier Potassium Current Gradients in Patients With Paroxysmal Versus Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Voigt Niels , Trausch Anne , Knaut Michael , Matschke Klaus , Varró András , Van Wagoner David R. , Nattel Stanley , Ravens Ursula , Dobrev Dobromir
Published: July 2010

Background—

Recent evidence suggests that atrial fibrillation (AF) is maintained by high-frequency reentrant sources with a left-to-right–dominant frequency gradient, particularly in patients with paroxysmal AF (pAF). Unequal left-to-right distribution of inward rectifier K
+
currents has been suggested to underlie this dominant frequency gradient, but this hypothesis has never been tested in humans.

Methods and Results—

Currents were measured with whole-cell voltage-clamp in cardiomyocytes from right atrial (RA) and left (LA) atrial appendages of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery. Western blot was used to quantify protein expression of I
K1
(Kir2.1 and Kir2.3) and I
K,ACh
(Kir3.1 and Kir3.4) subunits. Basal current was ≈2-fold larger in chronic AF (cAF) versus SR patients, without RA-LA differences. In pAF, basal current was ≈2-fold larger in LA versus RA, indicating a left-to-right atrial gradient. In both atria, Kir2.1 expression was ≈2-fold greater in cAF but comparable in pAF versus SR. Kir2.3 levels were unchanged in cAF and RA-pAF but showed a 51% decrease in LA-pAF. In SR, carbachol-activated (2 μmol/L) I
K,ACh
was 70% larger in RA versus LA. This right-to-left atrial gradient was decreased in pAF and cAF caused by reduced I
K,ACh
in RA only. Similarly, in SR, Kir3.1 and Kir3.4 proteins were greater in RA versus LA and decreased in RA of pAF and cAF. Kir3.1 and Kir3.4 expression was unchanged in LA of pAF and cAF.

Conclusions—

Our results support the hypothesis that a left-to-right gradient in inward rectifier background current contributes to high-frequency sources in LA that maintain pAF. These findings have potentially important implications for development of atrial-selective therapeutic approaches.
The Second Life of Institutions: Social Poetics in a Digital State
Authors: Malaby Thomas M.
Published: July 2010

In the bureaucratic moments that Michael Herzfeld describes, functionaries of the nation-state deny the contingent points of possible connection with their hapless subjects yet draw on a common symbolic language to do so—thus is the institution reproduced. Such ethnographic moments implicitly rely on other moments, those informed by their expressed lack of total order: illicit activities, games, and competitive verbal performance; cultural intimacy is generated in such occasions of private fallibility. This article explores what happens when a different kind of institution, a virtual world maker, attempts to colonize such disorder to govern legitimately.
New Mosaics on Old Walls: Intimacy and Architecture along the Malaysian-Thai Frontier
Authors: Johnson Irving
Published: July 2010

The Thais of Kelantan, Malaysia are a small community living along an international border. Politically Malaysian, the Buddhist community has for a long time come under the cultural sway of neighboring Thailand. In this paper, I discuss how Michael Herzfeld's (1997) notion of cultural intimacy is a useful tool in discussing how religious architecture forms an important marker of personhood for Kelantanese Thai villagers. I elaborate upon Herzfeld's original thesis by seeking out cultural intimacy not in the gaps of national embarrassments but in the important and powerful feelings of belonging along the peripheries of two nation-states.
The Inability Not to Follow: Western Hegemonies and the Notion of "Complaisance" in the Enlarged Europe
Authors: Jung Yuson
Published: July 2010

In this article, I focus on the dilemma of consumer advocacy NGO activists and consumers in postsocialist Bulgaria who consider themselves as marginalized and caught between global and local value systems that are not always mutually compatible. In particular, I draw attention to the aspect of complicity assumed in widespread discussions about hegemony because many Bulgarians deny their complicity in, and exhibit complaisance toward, strengthening hegemony. In the global process of marginalization, they feel increasingly compelled to go along with the power structure despite their dissent to dominant discourses and practices. They insist that they submit themselves to such hegemonic forces because of the inability not to follow them.
The Zhang on Chinese Southern Frontiers: Disease Constructions, Environmental Changes, and Imperial Colonization
Authors: Yang Bin
Published: July 2010

Adopting a historicalist–conceptualist approach, this article scrutinizes from a longue durée perspective the Chinese disease concept zhang , which refers to a group of tropical and subtropical diseases on Chinese southern frontiers. It firstly reviews how the Chinese literati created and employed the term to set the southern, non-Han peoples culturally apart, then analyzes the zhang diseases and their treatment in Chinese traditional medicine. The article then turns to the question of how the zhang diseases constituted an ecological barrier that hindered Chinese southern expansions, illustrated by the Sino-Burmese War (1765–70). Finally, the case of Yunnan during the Ming-Qing period (1368–1912) will be examined to reveal how Chinese colonization reduced instances of the zhang, at least reflected in imperial texts. In sum, the Chinese notion of the zhang diseases as a distinct group interplayed with the Chinese frontier process and empire building and may shed light on the march toward the tropics in a broad context.
Habituating Individuality: The Framing of Tuberculosis and Its Material Solutions in Republican China
Authors: Lei Sean Hsiang-lin
Published: July 2010

In their endeavor to solve China’s tuberculosis crisis, public health advocates in the 1930s framed tuberculosis as a disease of the Chinese family. Instead of being considered as a social disease, tuberculosis drew people’s attention to the graphic details of personal health habits and the allegedly pathogenic structure of the Chinese family. Focusing on so-called unhygienic habits and on the selective acceptance, abandonment, or innovation of household utensils (such as the traditional sleeping platform, the individual cup, and the hygienic table), the author traces the process by which tuberculosis contributed to the making of the modern Chinese body by way of habituating individuality.
Social and Environmental Predictors of Alcohol-Related Legal Infractions in College Students
Authors: Juth Vanessa , Smyth Joshua M , Thompson Kevin , Nodes Jennifer
Published: July 2010

Research on alcohol consumption among college students is often limited by self-reported outcomes and a narrow focus of predictor factors. This study examined both traditional risk factors for alcohol use as well as broader factors (e.g., weather, seasons) in predicting objective negative outcomes of alcohol use—alcohol-related legal infractions (ARLIs) derived from legal records and university citations for one calendar year. ARLIs significantly increased during rush week (p = .01) and football game days (p < .0001). ARLIs were significantly more prevalent during weekends (p < .0001) and autumn (p < .005) and showed some weather sensitivity (e.g., temperature, snowfall). Findings provide evidence for traditional risk factors increasing the prevalence of objective negative consequences (i.e., ARLIs) and further support the need to broaden the range of variables in the study of drinking behaviors.
Five Years After Graduation: Undergraduate Cross-Group Friendships and Multicultural Curriculum Predict Current Attitudes and Activities
Authors: Smith Heather , Parr Ray , Woods Raven , Bauer Brooke , Abraham Tim
Published: July 2010

A mail survey of university graduates from a predominantly White university suggests how limited undergraduate demographic diversity could be leveraged to increase its impact. University graduates who recalled more undergraduate courses in which faculty discussed ethnic and cultural diversity reported more multicultural competence and volunteer service 5 years later. The number of multicultural classes recalled by graduates predicted these outcomes most strongly for graduates who reported fewer close college friends from different ethnicities, religions, or sexual orientations. Given the ethnic homogeneity of many undergraduate students’ friendship networks, the discussion focuses on how other types of cross-group friendships and exposure to multicultural curriculum could promote multicultural awareness and commitment.
Leadership Development of Team Captains in Collegiate Varsity Athletics
Authors: Grandzol Christian , Perlis Susan , Draina Lois
Published: July 2010

This study examined the leadership development of team captains and student-athletes engaged in NCAA Division III intercollegiate athletics at 6 private institutions of higher education. Student-athletes in the sports of men’s and women’s soccer, women’s field hockey, men’s and women’s cross country, and women’s tennis completed the 2nd edition of Kouzes and Posner’s Student LPI, Self instrument (2005) at the beginning and end of one playing season. Results indicate that merely participating in athletics had little influence on leadership development during one playing season, while serving as a team captain provided a rich opportunity for students to learn and practice leadership skills.
The Influence of Parental Attachment on the College Adjustment of White, Black, and Latina/Hispanic Women: A Cross-Cultural Investigation
Authors: Melendez Mickey C. , Melendez Nancy Blanco
Published: July 2010

Although race and parental attachment are concepts that have been widely researched, few studies have explored how these variables manifest themselves among women or influence their adjustment to college. This study examined how parental attachment effected college adjustment among White, Black, and Latina/Hispanic women attending an urban commuter college. Attachment patterns were measured using the Parental Attachment Questionnaire (), and college adjustment was assessed using the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (). Results revealed that parental attachment significantly predicted aspects of college adjustment differentially for each racial subgroup. Implications regarding the experiences of diverse groups of female students attending large urban commuter institutions are discussed.
Sinicizing Early Modernity: The Imperatives of Historical Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Porter David
Published: July 2010

"Historical cosmopolitanism" refers to the recognition of the contemporaneity of historical time across national and cultural boundaries. This essay explores the usefulness of such a perspective in considering Chinese and British early modernity.
Thomas Percy's Chinese Miscellanies and the Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765)
Authors: Min Eun Kyung
Published: July 2010

Thomas Percy's collection Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765) is widely recognized as one of the most important antiquarian publications of the mid-eighteenth century. Percy's pivotal role in revising how the British conceived of their national literary past, however, seldom has been critically linked to his contributions to popularizing Chinese literature in England. This essay proposes that Percy's Chinese books functioned as an important preparative for his theorization of a nonclassical, alternative English antiquity in the Reliques . Indeed, Hau Kiou Choaan and Miscellaneous Pieces shed important light on both the editorial and theoretical strategies that shaped the Reliques and enabled it to become a lasting literary landmark.
Global Modernity and Linguistic Universality: The Invention of Modern Chinese Language
Authors: Tong Q. S.
Published: July 2010

Linguistic modernity is constitutive of our historical experience of the actuality and materiality of modernity as a whole. This essay delineates the discursive continuity between the May Fourth language reform movement in China in the early twentieth century and the universal language movement in early modern Europe. By showing the trans-historical and trans-national circulation of the idea of a perfect language, whether universal or national, the essay urges for a recognition of the need to consider the achievements of the Chinese language reform movement in close relation to modern Western linguistic thought and practice and thereby offers an example of global modernity and the pattern of its movement.
Boundaries and Trade in the Early Modern World: Negotiations at Nerchinsk and Beijing
Authors: Perdue Peter C.
Published: July 2010

In 1689, representatives of the Russian tsar and the Qing emperor met at the small garrison town of Nerchinsk in eastern Siberia to negotiate a treaty defining the borders of the two empires and future commercial and diplomatic relations between them. The treaty produced by these negotiations was the first one signed by the Qing empire with a Western nation. Just over one hundred years later, in 1793, Lord George Macartney arrived in Beijing to conduct negotiations for the British regarding trade relations with the Qing empire. This essay looks at these two imperial encounters together in order better to understand the particular changes over the course of the eighteenth century that account for their very different results.
"Sweetness and Courtesie": Benevolence, Civility, and China in the Making of European Modernity
Authors: Klekar Cynthia
Published: July 2010

This essay examines late seventeenth-century European missionary and Jesuit accounts of China for the ways in which they draw attention to China's social and cultural superiority in the early modern world. By idealizing Chinese modes of maintaining social order, the authors of these accounts align generosity, civility, self-possession, and a benevolent monarchy with national wealth and moral authority. Elevating China as the exemplar of uncorrupted Christian virtue, these texts insist upon China as the standard against which all other claims to morality must be measured. Although these texts were intended to justify European efforts to educate and enlighten a "heathen" race, they instead implicitly and explicitly mark the limits of European morality.
The Failures of Contemporary Chinese Intellectual History
Authors: Elman Benjamin A.
Published: July 2010

This article explores the failures of modern approaches to Chinese thought among both Euro-American and Chinese scholars of classical learning in China. What to date has been called Chinese intellectual history usually has been a less technical version of the history of Chinese philosophy, especially Confucianism. Despite important exceptions, there have been many subjective elements in the prioritizing of Confucian philosophy in Chinese intellectual history—at the expense of Daoism, Buddhism, and Islam, not to mention popular culture or women's history, even when rhetorically denied. This essay explores how study of the history of classical learning in China might proceed after the challenge of postmodern theory.
Skepticism and Faith: Max Weber's Anti-Utopianism in the Eyes of his Contemporaries
Authors: Derman Joshua
Published: July 2010

This article elucidates an important reason for Max Weber's popularity among German intellectuals during the Weimar Republic: for different interpreters, Weber's anti-utopianism came to signify radically different attitudes towards the modern world. My aim is to construct an original typology of these interpretations and, in the process, to explain why Weber was able to make such divergent impressions. His reception provides a case study for understanding how a philosopher's impact is determined not just by the interpretation of published texts, but also by the tension that exists between these texts and the author's personality.
The Uses of the Past in Quattrocento Florence: A Reading of Leonardo Bruni's Dialogues
Authors: Quillen Carol
Published: July 2010

Although Leonardo Bruni's Dialogi ad Petrum Paulum Histrum have long occupied a central place in the study of Italian Renaissance humanism, scholarly interpretations of them differ markedly. Such differences attest to the formal complexity of this text, the uncertainty about its date of composition, and the obvious contradictions between the arguments offered at different times by its main interlocutor. This essay first briefly describes the scholarly debates that have surrounded Bruni's Dialogues, particularly as these illustrate competing definitions of Florentine humanism. I then argue that the text juxtaposes citation to chronological narration as it explores one central theme in Bruni's humanism, how best to represent the past in and for the present.
The Metempsychotic Mind: Emerson and Consciousness
Authors: Corrigan John Michael
Published: July 2010

This article argues that Ralph Waldo Emerson employs metempsychosis (reincarnation or the transmigration of the soul into successive bodies) as a figurative template for human consciousness. Mapping various traditions from Hinduism, Pythagoreanism, Platonism, and Neoplatonism onto the vastness of the geological and biological records, Emerson translates metaphysics for modernity: he depicts the soul's journey through the chronological sequence of history as a poetic process that culminates in a tenuous form of self-knowledge.
Baedekers as Casualty: Great War Nationalism and the Fate of Travel Writing
Authors: Larabee Mark D.
Published: July 2010

This article addresses the critically neglected relation between Baedekers and nationalism, in order to articulate the reasons for the decline of the Baedeker empire in the early twentieth century. Conditions in the First World War undermined the Baedekers' foundational concepts of landscape description. Additionally, the guidebooks emblematized a lost pre-war style of international journey. However, evidence in unexplored archival and fictional sources qualifies our understanding of these changes. This article revisits and reconciles such assessments, by explaining how the war also recast the Baedekers' mediation of international access as a form of nationalist expansionism, and hence a suspect project.
Anorexia and Refusal of Life-Saving Treatment: The Moral Place of Competence, Suffering, and the Family
Authors: Giordano Simona
Published: July 2010

Abstract:
Whether anorexics should be allowed to refuse life-saving treatment is an unresolved issue, which raises acrimonious disputes in ethics and law. I verify whether, and if so on what grounds, anorexics’ refusal of treatment should be respected. I use philosophical analytic methods of investigation, combined with discussion of clinical cases and public attitudes toward euthanasia. Whether or not anorexics should be allowed to die depends not primarily on their competence, as many claim, but on the extent of their suffering and on whether it can be alleviated. This implies that if the anorexic has reasonable chance of recovery, competent refusal of treatment can be overridden. The family should also be involved in end-of-life decisions. Although these conclusions represent a departure from accepted ethicolegal principles, a focus on tractability and on the family has ethical grounds and is in line with the feelings of many on end-of-life issues.
Personality Disorders: Moral or Medical Kinds—Or Both?
Authors: Zachar Peter , Potter Nancy Nyquist
Published: July 2010

Abstract:
This article critically examines Louis Charland’s claim that personality disorders are moral rather than medical kinds by exploring the relationship between personality disorders and virtue ethics. We propose that the conceptual resources of virtue theory can inform psychiatry’s thinking about personality disorders, but also that virtue theory as understood by Aristotle cannot be reduced to the narrow domain of ‘the moral’ in the modern sense of the term. Some overlap between the moral domain’s notion of character-based ethics and the medical domain’s notion of character-based disorders is unavoidable. We also apply a modified version of John Sadler’s “moral wrongfulness test” to borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. With respect to both diagnoses, we argue that they involve negative moral evaluations, but may also have indispensable nonmoral features and, therefore, classify legitimate psychiatric disorders.
Internal Migration Effectiveness and Income Effectiveness in the Most Populous Cities in the United States
Authors: Ambinakudige Shrinidhi , Parisi Domenico
Published: July 2010

In this study, migration data compiled by the Internal Revenue Serve (IRS) and the US Census Bureau for 2006-07 were used to analyse internal migration patterns using migration and income effectiveness for the counties containing the 25 most populous cities in the United States. The results indicated that both large metropolitan and rural counties have lost population and income due to migration. Small metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties closer to cities gained population and income. Counties in South Florida attracted a large number of higher-income migrants from the largest cities in the US. In the last 13 years, New York, Los Angeles and Chicago, the three most populous cities in the US, had negative migration effectiveness. Suburban areas and second-tier cities continued to attract people from large metropolitan areas.
Management of Fabry disease
Authors: Constantin Tamás , Székely Annamária , Ponyi Andrea , Gulácsy Vera , Ambrus Csaba , Kádár Krisztina , Vastagh Ildikó , Dajnoki Angéla , Tóth Beáta , Bokrétás Gergely , Müller Veronika , Katona Mária , Medvecz Márta , Fiedler Orsolya , Széchey Rita , Varga Edit , Rudas Gábor , Kertész Attila , Molnár Sándor , Kárpáti Sarolta , Nagy Viktor , Magyar Pál , Mahdi Mohamed , Rákóczi Éva , Németh Krisztina , Bereczki Dániel , Garami Miklós , Erdős Melinda , Maródi László , Fekete György
Published: July 2010

A Fabry-kór a lizoszomális tárolási betegségek csoportjába tartozó, X-kromoszómához kötötten, recesszív módon öröklődő betegség, amely a globotriaozilceramid felhalmozódásához vezet a szervezet legkülönbözőbb szöveteiben. A betegség első tünetei többnyire gyermekkorban jelentkeznek, a progresszió során a betegek súlyos szervi károsodásokkal és korai halálozással számolhatnak. Elsősorban férfiak érintettek, azonban a betegség tüneteit heterozigóta nők esetében is megfigyelhetjük, de náluk a kórkép súlyossága változó, általában enyhébb lefolyású. Az enzimpótló kezelések megjelenése szükségessé tette, hogy részletes diagnosztikus és terápiás protokollt dolgozzunk ki. A jelen dolgozatban megjelenő ajánlásokat egy, a magyarországi Fabry-kóros betegek kezelésében részt vevő orvosokból, a diagnosztika területén dolgozó biológosukból és egyéb szakemberekből álló multidiszciplináris munkacsoport foglalta össze. A munkacsoport áttekintette a korábbi klinikai tanulmányokat, a publikált vizsgálatokat és a közelmúltban megjelent nemzetközi és nemzeti útmutatókat.
Hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation
Authors: Fehérvári Imre
Published: July 2010

A szerző áttekinti a hepatocellularis carcinoma májátültetéssel történő gyógyításának eredményeit. A restrikciós kritériumok alkalmazásával elért eredmények mára már meghaladják a sebészi reszekciók eredményeit több központban. Fontos: a daganat biológiai tulajdonságait jellemző marker, a des-karboxi-protrombin használatával ázsiai központok jelentősen módosították a jelenlegi kritériumrendszert. Áttekinti a szerző a várólistán lévő betegek kezelésének lehetőségeit, valamint a jelenleg elvégezhető technikákat, amelyekkel a betegek alkalmassá válhatnak transzplantációra.
Treatment of pregnancy associated breast cancer
Authors: Székely Borbála , Langmár Zoltán , Somlai Krisztián , Szentmártoni Gyöngyvér , Szalay Klára , Korompay Anna , Szász A. Marcell , Kulka Janina , Bánhidy Ferenc , Dank Magdolna
Published: July 2010

Terhességi emlőráknak a várandósság ideje alatt, illetve a szülést követő egy éven belül kialakuló rosszindulatú emlődaganatot nevezzük. Háromezer várandós nőből körülbelül 1-ben alakul ki. A tumor incidenciája növekedő tendenciát mutat, amelyben elsősorban a gyermekvállalás egyre későbbi életkorra való kitolódása játszhat szerepet. A várandós állapot késlekedést okozhat mind a diagnózis felállításában, mind a megfelelő kezelés elindításában. Közleményünkben egy 30 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, aki első terhességének 21. hetében önvizsgálat során észlelte a jobb emlő bőrének gyulladásos elváltozását, és a hónaljárokban levő megnagyobbodott nyirokcsomókat. Az antibiotikus kezelésre a páciens panaszai nem javultak, ezért az axillaris képlet vékonytű-aspirációs citológiai vizsgálatát végezték el, amelynek során metasztatikus emlőrák igazolódott. A klinikánkon végzett vizsgálat során cT4 cN3 lokoregionális kiterjedésű daganatot véleményeztünk. Az emlő bőrének elváltozása gyulladásos emlőrákra utalt, emellett axillaris, valamint supraclavicularis nyirokcsomó-konglomerátumot is tapintottunk. A core-bioptátum értékelése során hormonreceptor-negatív, Her-2-pozitív, grade III differenciáltságú invazív carcinoma igazolódott. Neonatológiai és onkológiai konzíliumot követően a beteg úgy döntött, hogy a várandósság alatt elzárkózik a kemoterápiás kezeléstől, ezért a 30. gesztációs héten elektív császármetszést végeztünk. A további vizsgálatok távoli áttétet nem igazoltak, így primer szisztémás kemoterápiát kezdtünk, majd ezt követően mastectomia és axillaris blokkdisszekció történt. Az eltávolított emlőállományban visszamaradt tumort a kórszövettani vizsgálat során már nem azonosítottunk, a szöveti kép alapján komplett patológiai remissziót véleményeztünk. A sugárkezelés befejezése után trastuzumabkezelést indítottunk. Az ellenőrző vizsgálatok a páciensnél eddig sem helyi kiújulást, sem távoli áttétet nem igazoltak. Az újszülött generalizált izomtónus-eloszlási zavarok miatt jelenleg is fejlődésneurológiai gondozás alatt áll.
Better quality of life after surgery treatment in patients with colitis ulcerosa: what is the price?
Authors: Szepes Zoltán , Molnár Tamás , Farkas Klaudia , Horváth Gábor , Nagy Ferenc , Nyári Tibor , Wittmann Tibor
Published: July 2010

A colitis ulcerosa (CU) krónikus lefolyása során jelentősen befolyásolja a betegek életminőségét. Kevés adat áll rendelkezésre arról, hogy a CU hatására kialakult rosszabb életminőséget a sebészeti beavatkozás milyen mértékben képes javítani.
Cél:
Mivel hazai adatok egyáltalán nem ismertek ezzel kapcsolatban, célul tűztük ki, hogy operált CU-s betegeink körében megvizsgáljuk a műtét kimenetelét és annak az életminőségre gyakorolt hatását.
Betegek és módszerek:
1998–2009 között 183 CU-s beteget [átlagéletkor a diagnózis idejében: 33,23 év (12–69 év); 95 nő, 88 férfi] hospitalizáltunk, akik legalább egy alkalommal parenteralis szteroidkezelésben részesültek. Annál a 46 betegnél [átlagéletkor a diagnózis idejében: 31 év (12–60 év); 29 nő, 17 férfi), akiknél colectomia történt ez idő alatt, feldolgoztuk a sebészi beavatkozások kimenetelét, szövődményeit, a rokkantsági besorolásban, a keresetben, a gyógyszerszedésben, valamint az orvosi ellátások számában történt változásokat a műtétet követően, ezenkívül minden beteg kitöltött egy általunk kidolgozott kérdőívet a műtét előtti és utáni életminőségük összehasonlítására. Az utánkövetés átlagidőtartama: 3,3 év (0–10 év) volt. Statisztikai analízisként kétmintás T-próbát és egy szempontos varianciaanalízist alkalmaztunk, a p<0,05 értéket fogadtuk el szignifikánsnak.
Eredmények:
A betegek 74%-a ileum-pouch anális anastomosis (IPAA) műtéten esett át, 11 betegnél végleges ileostoma és 1 betegnél ileorectalis anastomosis került kialakításra. Huszonnégy betegnél igazolódott korai, 23 esetben késői posztoperatív szövődmény (13 esetben a pouch gyulladása). A fekvőbeteg-ellátás igénye és az alkalmazott gyógyszeres kezelések száma szignifikánsan csökkent, a betegek életminősége pedig jelentősen javult a colectomia után a műtét előtti állapothoz képest. A betegek 32%-ának nem változott a rokkantsági besorolása; 64,5%-uknak nem okozott keresetbeli kiesést a colectomia.
Megbeszélés:
Adataink azt mutatják, hogy egy jól elvégzett műtétsorozat jelentős életminőség-javulást eredményez a betegek többségénél, azonban a késői posztoperatív szövődmények miatt további belgyógyászati kezelésre lehet szükség.
Effects of performance-volume limit on the institutional financing of the Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Hungary
Authors: Endrei Dóra , Kollár Lajos , Bódis József , Imhof Gábor , Zemplényi Antal , Vas Gábor , Boncz Imre
Published: July 2010

Dolgozatunkban a teljesítményvolumen-korlát (TVK) hatását kívánjuk bemutatni a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központ (továbbiakban PTE KK) intézményi szintű finanszírozására.
Adatok és módszerek:
Az elemzésben szereplő adatok az Országos Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár (OEP) felé küldött jelentéseken alapulnak, mindenhol az aktív fekvőbeteg-szakellátásra vonatkoznak és a 2004–2008 közötti időszakot fedik le. Meghatároztuk az egy súlyszámra eső tényleges OEP-térítési díjat, a TVK okozta finanszírozási veszteséget. Elemeztük a területi ellátási kötelezettségen kívüli, illetve a sürgősségi esetek arányát klinikai bontásban.
Eredmények:
A PTE KK egy súlyszámra eső forint térítési díja a TVK bevezetését követően elmaradt az OEP által előre meghirdetett díjtól. A vizsgált 5 év alatt, vagyis 2004–2008 között a PTE KK esetében a TVK okozta veszteség 3,256 milliárd forintot ért el. A PTE KK egészének vonatkozásában az ellátott esetek 25,3%-a, illetve a teljesített súlyszám 24,5%-a a területi ellátási kötelezettségen kívülről érkező betegek ellátását jelentette. A sürgősségi esetek arányának vizsgálata a teljes betegellátási volumenen belül azt mutatta, hogy az esetek 31,5%-a, míg a súlyszámok 36,1%-a származott sürgősségi betegek ellátásából.
Következtetés:
A teljesítményvolumen-korlát bevezetése jelentős mértékben csökkentette a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központ egészségbiztosítási finanszírozását 2004–2008 között.
Successful treatment of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) with FCR-Lite (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab) protocol
Authors: Telek Béla , Batár Péter , Rejtő László , Udvardy Miklós
Published: July 2010

A B-sejtes prolymphocytás leukaemia ritka kórkép, kifejezett splenomegalia, lymphocytosis és a csontvelő lymphoid sejtes infiltrációja jellemzi. Az egyéb lymphoproliferativ kórképektől a keringő prolymphocyták morfológiája és immunfenotípusa (CD19, CD20, CD22, FMC7, intenzív felszíni immunglobulin-pozitivitás) alapján különíthető el. Prognózisa többnyire kedvezőtlen, kezelése megoldatlan. A szerzők egy típusos B-PLL-es betegük kórtörténetét ismertetik, akiben FCR-Lite (fludarabin, cyclophosphamid, rituximab) protokoll alkalmazásával komplett hematológiai (és flow citometriai) remisszió volt elérhető. A kezelést jól tolerálta, infekció, tumorlysis vagy egyéb szövődmény mostanáig nem alakult ki. Tapasztalatuk szerint az FCR-Lite nemcsak a krónikus lymphoid leukaemia, hanem az (idősebb) B-PLL-es betegek kezelésére is ajánlható. Az FCR-Lite sikeres alkalmazásáról B-PLL-ben tudomásuk szerint még nem számoltak be.