bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant profiling of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds
Authors: Singh Varsha K. , Jha Sapana , Rana Palak , Tripathi Riya , Singh Ashish P. , Sinha Rajeshwar P.
Published: January 2025

Antioxidant compounds may be useful as dietary supplements that protect from oxidative stress-related diseases. Different organisms produce antioxidants as a defense mechanism to counteract the damaging effects of free radicals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and even chloride ions are harmful for the living systems. Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of bioactive compounds with diverse applications in agriculture, medicine and industry. These compounds include pigments, secondary metabolites such as, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), scytonemin, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins (PBPs) and other molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The antioxidant molecules found in cyanobacteria may provide a safe, natural and alternative substitute for the synthetic antioxidants. They may also find an application in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. The antioxidant properties of cyanobacteria are ecologically significant, enabling their survival and resilience in extreme environments. The important advancements in the field of antioxidants derived from cyanobacteria will be highlighted in this review. The novelty of this review lies in the fact that it emphasizes cyanobacteria as sustainable and renewable resources for natural antioxidants reducing dependency on synthetic chemicals. A sustainable method of envisaging cyanobacteria as competent antioxidant may lead to new developments in the fields of diagnosis, management, and prevention of a wide range of diseases. This study also emphasizes the ecological and industrial relevance of cyanobacteria as sustainable sources of bioactive compounds for addressing oxidative stress related challenges.
MEMBANGUN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PERAN GURU SEBAGAI PENUNTUN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING [BUILDING STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION THROUGH THE TEACHER'S ROLE AS A GUIDE IN ONLINE LEARNING]
Authors: Sesfao Vinsen , Prijanto Jossapat
Published: January 2025

Education underwent a drastic change in the 2020/2021 academic year. The government directs teaching and learning to be conducted through online or distance learning (online). This could affect students' learning motivation in participating in learning. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe students' learning motivation in online learning and examine teachers' efforts in building students' learning motivation. The method used is descriptive qualitative and literature review. Christian education recognizes learning motivation as part of God's grace to every student in the process of learning to know God. The results showed that students' learning motivation is still lacking in online learning. Thus, the role of the teacher as a guide is very important in building students' learning motivation. The conclusion indicated some steps in building students' learning motivation. First, teachers need to convey the learning objectives clearly to students. Second, motivate students through delivering enduring understanding. Third, provide feedback to students and the fourth uses the question and answer method. The suggestion from this writing is that teachers should apply these steps by considering students' responses in learning. In addition, teachers can use other methods that can build students' learning motivation, for example the brainstorming method.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Pendidikan mengalami perubahan yang sangat drastis pada tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Pemerintah mengarahkan belajar mengajar dilakukan melalui online atau pembelajaran jarak jauh (daring). Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penulisan ini untuk memaparkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran daring dan mengkaji upaya guru dalam membangun motivasi belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dan kajian literatur. Pendidikan Kristen memangdang motivasi belajar sebagai bagian dari anugerah Tuhan kepada setiap siswa dalam proses belajar untuk mengenal Tuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa masih kurang dalam pembelajaran daring. Sehingga peran guru sebagai penuntun sangat penting dalam membangun motivasi belajar siswa. Kesimpulan menunjukkan beberapa langkah dalam membangun motivasi belajar siswa. Pertama, guru harus menyampaikan tujuan pembelajaran dengan jelas kepada siswa. Kedua, memotivasi siswa melalui penyampaian enduring understanding. Ketiga, memberikan umpan balik kepada siswa dan yang keempat menggunakan metode tanya jawab. Saran dari penulisan ini guru harus menerapkan langkah-langkah tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan respons siswa dalam belajar. Selain itu, guru bisa menggunakan metode lain yang dapat membangun motivasi belajar siswa, misalnya metode brainstorming.
Standar Moral dalam Pendidikan Kristen [Moral Standards in Christian Education]
Authors: Setiawati Rachel Anita , Padang Ariani Tandi
Published: January 2025

Moral education is important in education. However, teachers often have an understanding of various moral values, this is because each person is formed on the basis of a different environment and culture that plays a role in the formation of moral philosophy. Therefore, it is necessary to set moral standards in education so that every student does not experience moral dilemmas in his life. Especially in Christian education which cannot be separated from the Bible as the basis for the course of education. The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of moral standards in Bible-based Christian education. In this writing, the writer uses a writing method based on literature review and is compiled on relevant sources to support writing. The conclusion of this paper is that Christian education needs to set moral standards based on the Bible, this is because the Bible is the only source that contains the true truth from God which there are values that Christ taught in it. Therefore, it is fitting for the Bible to be the moral standard in Christian education. The advice to Christian educators is to focus on the goal of Bible-based moral standards. The purpose of Bible-based moral standards is not just basic things, namely so that students can obey everything that is taught but enter into more complex things, namely living these morals.BAHASA INDONESIA: Pendidikan moral merupakan hal yang penting dalam pendidikan. Akan tetapi guru seringkali memiliki pemahaman mengenai nilai moral yang beragam, hal ini dikarenakan setiap pribadi dibentuk atas dasar lingkungan maupun budaya yang berbeda yang berperan dalam pembentukan filosofi moral. Oleh karena itu, maka perlu ditetapkan standar moral dalam pendidikan supaya setiap siswa tidak mengalami dilema moralitas dalam hidupnya. Terutama dalam pendidikan Kristen yang mana tidak terlepas dari Alkitab sebagai dasar jalannya pendidikan. Tujuan penulisan ini ialah mengkaji pentingnya standar moral dalam pendidikan Kristen berdasarkan Alkitab. Pada penulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode penulisan berdasarkan kajian literatur dan disusun atas sumber-sumber yang relevan untuk mendukung penulisan. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini ialah pendidikan Kristen perlu menetapkan standar moral berdasarkan Alkitab, hal ini dikarenakan Alkitab merupakan satu-satunya sumber yang berisikan kebenaran sejati dari Allah yang mana terdapat niali-nilai yang Kristus ajarkan di dalamnya. Oleh karena itu, tepat bila Alkitab dijadikan sebagai standar moral dalam pendidikan Kristen. Saran kepada para pendidik Kristen ialah berfokus kepada tujuan dari standar moral berdasarkan Alkitab. Tujuan dari standar moral berdasarkan Alkitab bukan sekedar hal dasar yaitu supaya siswa dapat mentaati setiap apa yang diajarkan melainkan masuk kepada hal yang lebih kompleks yaitu menghidupi moral tersebut.
Upaya Guru dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Melalui Media Pembelajaran Quizizz pada Proses Pembelajaran Daring [Teachers' Efforts to Increase Student Activeness Using Quizizz Learning Media Applications in the Online Learning Process]
Authors: Purba Elvina Kezia , Rahmadi Pitaya
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the efforts of a Christian teacher to increase the activeness of students in the classroom in the online learning process. The research was conducted from July to August 2020 with grade 6 elementary school students as research subjects. The purpose of this research is to expose teachers' efforts in improving student activity through Quizizz learning media applications using qualitative descriptive research methods. The results showed a form of inactive behavior of students in the classroom, such as not answering questions given by the teacher, not asking when given the opportunity to ask, and not doing the assignment stipulated by the teacher. To increase student activity, teachers use Quizizz learning media apps at every meeting. The results of Quizizz learning media have succeeded in improving student activity marked by changes in student responses, namely students have initiatives in answering questions given by teachers and asking questions about material that has not been understood in the online learning process. Quizizz's use of learning media needs to take the condition of the internet owned by students and teachers. Teachers also need to provide feedback to students about answers and quiz results.BAHASA INDONESIA: Paper ini membahas upaya guru Kristen dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa di dalam kelas pada proses pembelajaran daring. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2020 dengan siswa kelas 6 SD sebagai subjek penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memaparkan upaya guru dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa melalui aplikasi media pembelajaran Quizizz dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bentuk perilaku tidak aktif siswa di dalam kelas, seperti tidak menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh guru, tidak bertanya ketika diberikan kesempatan bertanya, serta tidak mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh guru. Untuk meningkatkan keaktifan siswa, guru menggunakan aplikasi media pembelajaran Quizizz pada setiap pertemuan. Hasil dari penggunaan media pembelajaran Quizizz tersebut berhasil meningkatkan keaktifan siswa yang ditandai dengan perubahan respons siswa, yakni siswa memiliki inisiatif dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh guru serta bertanya mengenai materi yang belum dimengerti pada proses pembelajaran daring. Penggunaan media pembelajaran Quizizz perlu mempertimbangkan kondisi internet yang dimiliki oleh siswa dan guru. Guru juga perlu memberikan umpan balik (feedback) kepada siswa mengenai jawaban dan hasil kuis.
PERAN IMAN KRISTEN MEMBANGUN PRIBADI YANG RESILIEN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 [THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN FAITH IN BUILDING RESILIENT PERSONALITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC]
Authors: Tarigan Musa Sinar
Published: January 2025

Resilience is the ability of person's endurance to face various challenges or heavy life pressures. This resilience includes person's endurance and flexibility to face the realities of life. Faith in God is very important role in building resilient person during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to desribe the role of Christian faith to help Christians build their resilience in life during this Covid-19 pandemic. In this pandemic period, human's lifestyles mus tbe changed according to developing pattern. Human unpreparedness to adapt, lack of resilience, results in changes in established life patterns to life that is getting worse, frustrated and leads to depression. Christians can overcome various challenges during this Covid-19 pandemic by strengthening faith in God and training themselves to adapt as an application of faith in God without compromise the truth, having confidence that this pandemic period is an opportunity to grow in faith, exercise creativity, innovation in various lives to fulfill their calling as believer in the world. The conclusion in this article is the strengthening of spiritual qualities, namely believing in God's care and resilience abilities can overcome various life changes during the Covid-19 pandemic.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Resiliensi merupakan kemampuan daya tahan seseorang menghadapi berbagai tantangan atau tekanan hidup yang berat. Resiliensi ini mencakup daya tahan dan daya lentur seseorang dalam menghadapi realita hidup. Iman kepada Allah memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membangun pribadi yang resilien pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk menjelaskan adanya peran iman Kristen untuk menolong orang Kristen membangun resiliensi dalam hidupnya pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ini. Dalam Masa pandemi ini memaksa pola hidup manusia harus berubah mengikuti pola yang sedang berkembang. Ketidak siapan manusia untuk beradaptasi, tidak memiliki daya tahan mengakibatkan terjadi perubahan pola kehidupan yang sudah mapan dan menuju kepada kehidupan yang semakin terpuruk, frustrasi dan menuju depresi. Orang Kristen dapat melalui berbagai tantangan dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 ini dengan memperkuat iman kepada Allah dan melatih diri untuk beradaptasi sebagai aplikasi iman kepada Allah tanpa mengkompromikan kebenaran, memiliki keyakinan bahwa masa pandemi ini merupakan kesempatan untuk bertumbuh dalam iman, melatih kreativitas, inovasi dalam berbagai kehidupan untuk memenuhi panggilannya sebagai orang percaya dalam dunia. Kesimpulan dalam artikel ini yaitu penguatan kualitas spiritual yaitu meyakini pemeliharaan Tuhan dan kemampuan resiliensi dapat mengatasi berbagai perubahan hidup pada masa pandemi Covid-19.
ALKITAB SEBAGAI SUMBER PENGETAHUAN SEJATI DI DALAM PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN DI ERA POSTMODERNISME [THE BIBLE AS THE TRUE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN THE POSTMODERN ERA]
Authors: Mariana Selvia , Wibawanta, S.Sos., M.Si. Dr. Budi
Published: January 2025

Postmodernism, which believes in the principle of relativity and the absence of absolute truth, creates a space of freedom and pleasure for self-expression. However, this principle contradicts the truth of the Word of God which believes in absolutes and the source of true knowledge which only comes from the Bible. The impact of this principle is also that knowledge does not become a unity which causes misconceptions that occur in students. The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of postmodernism on the development of science in Christian education and to explain the importance of the Bible as a source of truth in Christian education in the era of postmodernism. This paper uses the literature study method. Based on the theory and analysis used, it can be concluded that Christian education in the midst of this secular era must remain firm in making the Bible the foundation in every learning process. Because the Bible is the true source of knowledge that is able to guide students as ambassadors of God's kingdom in true truth. Suggestions that the author can give, namely in the implementation to transfer student knowledge, Christian education must remain consistent in using a curriculum based on the Bible by integrating the Bible in every lesson. ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Zaman postmodernisme yang mempercayai prinsip relativitas dan tidak adanya kebenaran yang mutlak menciptakan sebuah ruang kebebasan dan kesenangan untuk dapat mengekspresikan diri. Namun, prinsip ini bertentangan dengan kebenaran dari Firman Allah yang mempercayai adanya kemutlakan dan sumber pengetahuan sejati yang hanya berasal dari Alkitab. Dampak dari prinsip tersebut juga, yaitu pengetahuan tidak menjadi kesatuan yang menyebabkan miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada siswa. Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini, yaitu memberikan penjelasan mengenai dampak postmodernisme untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di dalam pendidikan Kristen dan memberikan penjelasan tentang pentingnya Alkitab sebagai sumber kebenaran di dalam pendidikan Kristen di era postmodernisme. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode studi literatur. Berdasarkan teori dan analisis yang digunakan maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pendidikan Kristen di tengah zaman yang sekuler ini harus tetap teguh menjadikan Alkitab sebagai landasan di dalam setiap proses pembelajaran. Karena Alkitab adalah sumber pengetahuan sejati yang mampu menuntun siswa sebagai duta kerajaan Allah di dalam kebenaran sejati. Saran yang penulis dapat berikan, yaitu di dalam pelaksanaan untuk mentransfer pengetahuan siswa maka pendidikan Kristen harus tetap konsisten mempergunakan kurikulum yang berlandaskan kepada Alkitab dengan mengintegrasikan Alkitab di dalam setiap pembelajaran.
SEMIOEDUKASI PEIRCE DALAM NOVEL SEJARAH KARYA GESTA BAYUADHY [PEIRCE'S SEMIOEDUCATION IN A HISTORICAL NOVEL BY GESTA BAYUADHY]
Authors: Purwanto Petrus , Tjahjono Tengsoe , Rengganis Ririe
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe the construction of the indicators of character education through representamen, object, and interpretant in historical novels by Gesta Bayuadhy, namely Ranggalawe: Mendung di Langit Majapahit and Mahapatih Nambi: Percik Api di Majapahit. The construction of the indicators of character education is the virtuous values that are the priorities of the Strengthening Character Education (PPK) program based on the Ministry of Education and Culture 2017. This research is a qualitative type that focuses on narrative data presentation. Data collection was conducted using library, reading, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques were carried out using semioeducational theory through heuristic and hermeneutic reading of historical novels by Gesta Bayuadhy. Semioeducation theory is used to interpret education, in the form of the main character value through Peirce's semiotic signs, namely representamen, object, and interpretant. The data validity testing technique was carried out using FGD (Forum Group Discusion) technique. The results of the study found five main character values, namely religion, nationalism, integrity, independence, and mutual cooperation with various variants built through representamen, object, and interpretant in the historical novel by Gesta Bayuadhy. ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan konstruksi tanda pendidikan karakter yang diwujudkan melalui representamen, object, dan interpretant dalam novel sejarah karya Gesta Bayuadhy, yakni Ranggalawe: Mendung di Langit Majapahit dan Mahapatih Nambi: Percik Api di Jantung Majapahit. Konstruksi tanda pendidikan karakter tersebut berupa nilai-nilai kebaikan yang menjadi prioritas program Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) berdasarkan Kemdikbud 2017. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif yang berfokus pada pemaparan data secara naratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pustaka, baca, dan catat. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori semioedukasi melalui pembacaan novel sejarah karya Gesta Bayuadhy secara heuristis dan hermeneutik. Teori semioedukasi digunakan untuk menafsirkan edukasi, berupa nilai utama karakter melalui tanda semiotika Peirce, yakni representamen, object, dan interpretant. Teknik pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik FGD (Forum Group Discussion). Hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya lima nilai utama karakter, yakni religius, nasionalis, integritas, mandiri, dan gotong royong dengan berbagai variannya yang dibangun melalui representamen, object, dan interpretant dalam novel sejarah karya Gesta Bayuadhy.
TEACH HISTORY WITH FILM: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND A HISTORICAL FILM ANALYSIS
Authors: Nalle Maha Dewi Sabrina
Published: January 2025

Teaching students about historical events and being critical about them is still a challenging task for some teachers. Teaching history with films offer a different challenge for teachers and students to learn history, however if films are used merely as entertainment in a history classroom, it will lead to uncritical and inaccurate view of the past and reinforce students’ historical misconceptions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the benefits and best practice of teaching with historical film. This study provides a historical film analysis Mongol as reference for teacher’s best practice of teaching history with film.
PENERAPAN METODE FISHBOWL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA [THE APPLICATION OF FISHBOWL METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY]
Authors: Hutauruk Ruth Tania Putri , Padang Ariani Tandi
Published: January 2025

Students are creatures created in the image and likeness of God who have a rationale and intellect. This means that students are given the ability to think critically and understand all existing knowledge. The development of an increasingly advanced era, students are required to have critical thinking skills which are expected to be implemented in their daily lives. However, the sinful nature of humans can cause students to construct their own thoughts and begin to ignore eternal truths. If this is allowed, students will determine their own truth and begin to oppose God's will. Therefore, Christian education and Christian teachers have the responsibility to work on students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to describe the steps of applying the fishbowl method that can improve students' critical thinking skills. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method supported by relevant and reliable sources. Through the study and research conducted, the author concludes that the fishbowl method is proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills. The advice that the author can give is to provide a longer time allocation for the application of the fishbowl method. Students will be encouraged to analyze information and provide solutions that help students in their daily lives. ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Siswa merupakan makhluk ciptaan yang segambar dan serupa dengan Allah yang memiliki rasio maupun akal budi. Artinya, siswa diberi kemampuan untuk berpikir kritis dan memahami segala pengetahuan yang ada. Berkembangnya zaman yang semakin maju, siswa dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis yang diharapkan dapat terimplementasi dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari. Namun, natur manusia yang berdosa dapat mengakibatkan siswa mengonstruksi pemikirannya sendiri dan mulai mengabaikan kebenaran-kebenaran yang bersifat kekal. Apabila hal ini dibiarkan, siswa akan menentukan kebenarannya sendiri dan mulai menentang kehendak Allah.  Oleh sebab itu, pendidikan Kristen maupun guru Kristen memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mengupayakan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk memaparkan langkah-langkah penerapan metode fishbowl yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang didukung oleh sumber-sumber yang relevan dan terpercaya. Melalui kajian dan penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa metode fishbowl terbukti mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Adapun saran yang dapat penulis berikan yaitu menyediakan alokasi waktu yang lebih lama agar penerapan metode fishbowl. Siswa akan terdorong untuk menganalisis informasi dan memberikan solusi yang membantu siswa dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari.
PERKEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI GURU DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR [THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER COMPETENCE IN INDONESIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW]
Authors: Napitupulu Bernard
Published: January 2025

The job of a teacher is noble and very dynamic. This is because teachers need to master various things. In addition, teacher competence continues to change every time. Research is needed to find out how and to what extent changes in teacher competence have occurred. This research uses a literature review. This research also explains research limitations, confirmation of keywords, and relevance of writing sources. Based on the results of the literature review, there are significant differences in teacher competence. These differences include additions, subtractions and changes in teacher competence.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Pekerjaan seorang guru merupakan pekerjaan yang mulia sekaligus sangat dinamis. Hal ini dikarenakan guru perlu menguasai berbagai macam hal. Ditambah lagi, kompetensi guru terus menerus berubah setiap jamannya. Dibutuhkan penelitian untuk mencari tahu bagaimana dan seberapa jauh perubahan kompetensi guru yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian literatur. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan batasan penelitian, penegasan kata kunci, dan relevansi sumber penulisan. Berdasarkan hasil kajian literatur, terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam kompetensi guru. Perbedaan itu meliputi penambahan, pengurangan, dan perubahan kompetensi guru.
The Relationship of Body Mass Index with Length of Stay in Acute Appendicitis Patients Who Have Undergoing Open Appendectomy at RSUS Lippo Village Karawaci Hospital
Authors: Christianto Putra Niko Laksamana Oceano , Sudirman Taufik
Published: January 2025

Background : Appendicitis is an inflammation that occurs in the veriform appendix. The Indonesian Ministry of Health announced that the number of inpatients with appendicitis is the fourth most common disease in Indonesia. Open appendectomy is a procedure for treating appendicitis. Patients who have an open appendectomy procedure require hospitalization for the wound to heal. Various studies have been conducted to find a relationship between body mass index and length of stay in patients with appendicitis but have different results, besides that research on this topic is still minimal in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the relationship between body mass index and length of stay in acute appendicitis patients who had undergone open appendectomy.
Methods : This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample population of acute appendicitis patients at Lippo Village Hospital Karawaci. 182 samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research sample data was taken from the patient's medical records and will be tested for analysis using SPSS 25 with the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA method.
Result : From 182 research samples, it was found that the median length of stay of patients with different body mass indexes was 3 days. Based on the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA test, there was no significant elationship between gender and length of stay (p > 0.05).
Conclusions : This study shows that there is no relationship between body mass index and length of stay in acute appendicitis patients who have undergone open appendectomy.
Relationship Between the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Maternal Behavior of Stunting Prevention at Bojong Nangka Community Health Center in Tangerang District
Authors: Tanara Arron , Rivami Dwi Savitri
Published: January 2025

Background: Stunting is one of the major health problems in Indonesia. In 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia was 21.6%, and there were still 9,200 cases of stunting in Tangerang District alone. Stunting prevention can be done since pregnancy. It is estimated that stunting prevention behaviors among pregnant women is related to their knowledge and attitudes. Puskesmas Bojong Nangka was a community health center in Tangerang that treated stunting but has no data on this matter.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design. Data on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in stunting prevention was collected using questionnaires and further was analyzed using the Chi-square test.
Result: From 96 respondents, it was found that the majority (63.5%) had a good level of knowledge on stunting prevention. Most respondents also had a good attitude towards stunting prevention (83.3%). There were 72 respondents (75%) who had recommended stunting prevention behaviors. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge level and stunting prevention behaviors (P value < 0.001; OR 7.29; 95% CI 2.6 – 20.39) but there was no significant relationship between attitudes and stunting prevention behaviors (P value = 1; OR 1; 95% CI 0.29 – 3.45).
Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge towards stunting prevention behaviors among pregnant women at Bojong Nangka Community Health Center, Tangerang District.
Predictive Value of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tjahyanto Teddy , Suryakanto Milani
Published: January 2025

Introduction : Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a promising non-invasive marker for elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), potentially aiding in the prognostication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of ONSD for poor outcomes in SAH patients, defined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
Methods : A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including studies from 2010 to 2021 that examined the relationship between ONSD and outcomes in SAH patients. A total of 615 patients were analyzed, with mean ages ranging from 54.1 to 58.8 years, and a predominance of males (38.2%). SAH severity was stratified using the Hunt and Hess classification, ranging from Grade 1 to Grade 5. The QUADAS-2 tool assessed the risk of bias, and the GRADE framework evaluated evidence certainty.
Results : The pooled analysis revealed moderate predictive accuracy for ONSD in determining poor outcomes, with a pooled proportion of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.78). Significant heterogeneity (I² = 77.4%, p = 0.004) was observed, likely due to variability in ONSD thresholds, measurement techniques, and timing. Funnel plot analysis suggested potential publication bias, although further statistical testing is needed.
Conclusions : ONSD demonstrates potential as a non-invasive tool for predicting poor outcomes in SAH patients. However, significant heterogeneity and moderate accuracy highlight the need for standardization of ONSD thresholds and measurement protocols. Further multicenter studies are required to validate its clinical utility and integrate it into comprehensive prognostic models.
Clivus Chordoma: Case Report and Current Considerations on Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-Sphenoid Surgery with Neurosurgeon-Otolaryngologist Collaboration
Authors: Lekatompessy Michael , Widyakrisna Albertus Boyke Raditya , July Julius
Published: January 2025

Chordomas, infrequent malignancies primarily located along the craniospinal axis, showcase gradual growth and localized bone destruction, with the clival region involved in approximately 25-35% of cases. Headaches accompanied by neurological deficits are the typical clinical presentations. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay, with recent collaborative efforts between otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons leading to a positive shift from traditional craniotomic procedures to endoscopic endonasal approaches, fostering minimally invasive techniques and utilizing endoscopy for primary visualization across the neuraxis. Furthermore, the concept of team surgery has been introduced, involving simultaneous contributions from ENT surgeons and Neurosurgeons at all stages of the procedure, including the approach, resection, and reconstruction phases. This report presents a series of two successful cases of clival chordomas managed using the endoscopic endonasal approach at Siloam Hospital Lippo Village This indicates its potential as a viable surgical choice, particularly within medical centers that possess the necessary specialties. Successful implementation is notably enhanced through collaborative efforts between otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, underscoring the significance of interdisciplinary teamwork.
Identification and Interpretation of Spinal Cord Injuries in Robbery Victims: A Forensic Review
Authors: Kusumaningrat Donald Rinaldi , Wahjoepramono Eka Julianta , Purnamasari Dewi
Published: January 2025

Robbery is intrinsically a violent crime and is defined as the original criminal plan of the perpetrator by committing robbery, by force committed on occasion or with the pretext of robbery. Strangulation by ligature occurs when an external force is applied to the neck causing various traumatic pathologies. If the injury is severe enough, cerebral perfusion and oxygen delivery are compromised and can lead to asphyxia and rapid neuronal death. These injuries can be encountered in a variety of clinical scenarios and may be present in suicide attempts, sports injuries, motor vehicle trauma, and may have implications in the fields of criminology and forensic pathology. In this case, a 66-year-old woman who was a victim of a robbery suffered a neck injury. After examination, there was a fracture in the cervical spine and was diagnosed with spinal cord trauma. As a result of this injury, the victim suffered permanent paralysis. The perpetrators of the robbery are threatened with criminal penalties under 364 KUHP and/or Article 351 No 3 KUHP.
Superficial Spreading Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Endometrium: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Limanto Jennifer Jesse , Prasetiyo Patricia Diana , Djohansjah Alexy Oktoman , Chandra Shally
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common variant of cervical cancer with metastases potential to many organs, commonly parametrium and vagina, but in a rare condition can also spread to endometrium. Further evaluations are needed since superficial spreading of cervical SCC are related to poorer outcomes.
Case Presentation: A 62 y.o, post-menstrual, P3A0 women came with complaint of vaginal discharged mixed with blood since 6 months ago. Pap smear result suggestive of malignancy so the patient undergo guided biopsy from endocervix that revealed finding similar to carcinoma intraepithelial (CIN) 3. The patient underwent TAH-BSO operation. Microscopic examination from cervix showed tumor cell with round nuclei, prominent nucleoli, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic, increased nuclear-cytoplasm ratio in whole epithelial layer. Microscopic examination from endometrium showed epithelial squamous cell proliferation in almost 98% endometrial tissue and atypical cell nuclei, consistent with tumor founded in cervix. The final diagnosis was superficial endometrial spreading SCC with moderate differentiation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay with p16 showed positive result in endometrium. Patient then consulted to gynecologist – oncology specialist for further treatment and evaluation.
Conclusion: Superficial spreading of cervical SCC to endometrium was a rare finding. Detection of SCC in endocervix can be considered as predictor for proximal spreading of cervical SCC so further examination like endometrial curretage are suggested to assist the early detection. IHC assay with p16 resulted positive in our patient suggesting that endometrial SCC in this patient was correlated with HPV infection that commonly find in cervical cancer.
MLN-Tupamaros
Authors: Ríos Sierra Jerónimo
Published: January 2025

El siguiente trabajo analiza el proceso de derrota, en el plano nacional, pero también internacional, que experimenta el MLN-Tupamaros a lo largo de 1972. Se atienden factores, pero, sobre todo, se aborda el proceso por el cual se sufre un deterioro y una desnaturalización de los fundamentos de la guerrilla urbana uruguaya, el cual inicia en 1970. De este modo, se presentan muchas de las contradicciones teóricas y discursivas que, finalmente, terminan desdibujando los planteamientos revolucionarios que se diseñan a mediados de los sesenta por parte de sus miembros fundadores. Para cumplir con este propósito se recurre a numerosa documentación producida por los tupamaros, pero también archivos gubernamentales del Ministerio de Defensa. Igualmente, se integran relatos provenientes de dirigentes y reconocidos integrantes del MLN-T que experimentaron en primera persona el proceso, casi súbito, de derrota militar.
La ilustración republicana federal (1871-1872)
Authors: Rodríguez Vargas Hernán
Published: January 2025

La Ilustración Republicana Federal fue un periódico ilustrado republicano, dirigido por Enrique Rodríguez-Solís, el cual contó con la colaboración de los más eminentes miembros del Partido Republicano Democrático Federal. Dicha colaboración, así como el periodo de difusión del periódico (1871-1872), hacen de este uno de los más relevantes esfuerzos por difundir la pedagogía republicana a través de la relación bidireccional entre imágenes y textos escritos. La tesis que defiende este artículo es que este periódico fue, además de un potente mecanismo de promoción política, una sofisticada síntesis, visual y narrativa, de la propagación de las ideas republicanas, que menciona Fernando Garrido en la quinta edición de su Catecismo Republicano. En dicha elaboración de síntesis, en pro de la difusión y de la conquista del consenso popular, en el periódico confluyen además tres elementos esenciales a tener en consideración. En primer lugar, la convergencia de la figura de la Marianne y del nuevo simbolismo de carácter republicano con el carácter dogmático y ritual del republicanismo. En segundo lugar, la afirmación del republicanismo sobre una nueva comunidad de mártires-patriotas. Por último, a partir de un uso público del pasado, la creación de un complejo discurso que, desde diferentes ángulos y formas de concebir la historia configura el proyecto republicano en términos salvíficos y teleológicos. Todos y cada uno, elementos que circularon de manera individual o conjunta en textos, imágenes y objetos, dentro de un más amplio y complejo circuito mediático, que los mismos colaboradores, escritores y artistas de La Ilustración Republicana Federal definieron y defendieron como «propaganda republicana».
Mejora de competitividad turística en España con democracia, 1975-1995
Authors: Tascón Fernández Julio , Caruana de las Cagigas Leonardo
Published: January 2025

La competitividad de Hoteles y Restaurantes en España –líder turístico mundial– sufre durante la Transición democrática (1975-1981) una drástica reducción porque con democracia se pagan salarios más altos (Rodrik, 1999), lo que incluye la decisiva influencia de los Pactos de la Moncloa así como la crisis del petróleo. Esto se debe también a la falta de coordinación en las estrategias público-privadas, en general, y a la ausencia de las destinadas a mejorar la productividad del trabajo de las empresas turísticas, en particular. La convergencia (σ y β convergencia) en la productividad por asalariado y los costes salariales turísticos (Hostelería), permiten mostrar una prueba significativa de cómo dicha competitividad turística crecerá después de la Transición hasta el final del último mandato de Felipe González (1982-1995). El análisis por el lado de la oferta – competitividad de las empresas- es la novedad de nuestra contribución puesto que generalmente no se contempla este punto de vista.
Analyzing Regional Macroeconomic Effectiveness of R&D Investment and Government Subsidies
Authors:   KOREA DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION, Lee Juneyoung
Published: January 2025

This study empirically analyzes the impacts of regional R&D investment and government subsidies on regional economic growth and economic disparities between capital and non-capital regions, by utilizing regional yearly panel data. In particular, this study introduces structural vector auto-regression(SVAR) model based on conditional convergence of neoclassical growth theory, considering econometrical issues related to conventional growth regression analyses. The study finds that the increase in R&D investment of non-capital areas measured by its ratio to GRDP accelerates regional economic growth and mitigates the economic disparities between capital and non-capital areas. However, government R&D subsidy to those regions shows no empirically significant effect on regional economic growth or economic disparity between capital and non-capital areas. On the aspects of reducing regional disparity between capital and non-capital area, this study’s empirical finding is an indicative of the existence of less ‘opportunity cost-effective’ portions in government R&D subsidy programs, and thus further micro-level analyses on the policy effectiveness of government R&D subsidy programs is required.
Optimization strategies for high-performance aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries: challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Chen Yunyan , Ning Jiaoyi , Wen Yunxiang , Yao Kexin , Zhang Yuxin
Published: January 2025

Aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries (AZSBs) have emerged as promising candidates for high-energy density, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable energy storage systems. Despite their potential, several challenges hinder the realization of high-performance AZSBs, including sluggish reaction kinetics, disproportionation reactions of ZnS in water, low conductivity and volume expansion of the sulfur cathode, poor wetting properties, and dendrite growth issues of the zinc anode. This review comprehensively summarizes optimization strategies for overcoming these challenges. We discuss cathode modification approaches, such as sulfur/carbon composites, sulfide composites, and catalytic sulfur matrices, which address low conductivity and volume expansion while enhancing sulfur conversion reaction kinetics. Additionally, electrolyte engineering strategies, including the use of iodide-based additives and co-solvent modifications, are examined for their effectiveness in improving reaction kinetics and wetting properties. Despite these advancements, AZSBs still face issues with long-cycle stability. Therefore, this review proposes future perspectives for the development of AZSBs. We aim to provide valuable insights into sulfur-based cathode materials and advance the achievement of high-performance AZSBs.
Unlocking the potential of liquid crystals as phase change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Karyappa Rahul , Lee Joo Cheng Johnathan , Lixuan Ho Charissa , Wang Suxi , Thitsartarn Warinton , Kong Junhua , Kai Dan , Tan Beng Hoon , Wang Pei , Qu Zhengyao , Loh Xian Jun , Xu Jianwei , Zhu Qiang
Published: January 2025

This review paper examines the innovative use of liquid crystals (LCs) as phase change materials in thermal energy storage systems. With the rising demand for efficient energy storage, LCs offer unique opportunities owing to their tunable phase transitions, high latent heat, and favorable thermal conductivity. This paper covers various types of LCs, such as nematic, smectic, and cholesteric phases, and their roles in enhancing thermal energy storage. It discusses the mechanisms of LC phase transitions and their impact on energy storage efficiency. Strategies to improve the thermal conductivities of LCs and LC polymers have also been explored. One method involves embedding LC units within the molecular structure to promote orderly arrangement, facilitate heat flow, and reduce phonon scattering. Aligning polymer chains through external fields or mechanical processes significantly improves intrinsic thermal conductivity. The inclusion of thermally conductive fillers and optimization of filler-matrix interactions further boost thermal performance. Challenges related to the scalability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term stability of LC-based phase change materials are addressed, along with future research directions. This review synthesizes the current knowledge and identifies gaps in the literature, providing a valuable resource for researchers and engineers to develop advanced thermal energy storage technologies, contributing to sustainable energy solutions.
Improved interfacial li-ion transport in composite polymer electrolytes via surface modification of LLZO
Authors: Counihan Michael J. , Lee Jungkuk , Mirmira Priyadarshini , Barai Pallab , Burns Meghan E. , Amanchukwu Chibueze V. , Srinivasan Venkat , Zhang Yuepeng , Tepavcevic Sanja
Published: January 2025

Composite polymer electrolytes that incorporate ceramic fillers in a polymer matrix offer mechanical strength and flexibility as solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. However, fast Li+ transport between polymer and Li+-conductive filler phases is not a simple achievement due to high barriers for Li+ exchange across the interphase. This study demonstrates how modification of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) nanofiller surfaces with silane chemistries influences Li+ transport at local and global electrolyte scales. Anhydrous reactions covalently link amine-functionalized silanes [(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)] to LLZO nanoparticles, which protects LLZO in air. APTES functionalization lowers the poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-LLZO interphase resistance to half that of unmodified LLZO and increases effective Li+ transference number, while insulating Al2O3 completely blocks ion exchange and lowers transference number and conductivity in PEO-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-LLZO composites. Modeling an inner resistive interphase between LLZO and PEO surrounded by an outer conductive interphase explains non-linear conductivity trends. Solid-state 7Li & 6Li nuclear magnetic resonance shows Li+ only exchanges between PEO-LiTFSI and some LLZO interphase, with no appreciable Li+ transport through bulk LLZO. Surface functionalization is a promising path toward lowering the polymer-ceramic interphase resistance. This work demonstrates that local changes in Li+ transport affect macroscopic performance, highlighting the intricate relationships between all interfaces in inherently heterogeneous composite polymer electrolytes.
Le diagnostic agraire : comprendre les trajectoires d’évolution de l’agriculture locale pour nourrir les prospectives sur l’eau à l’échelle territoriale
Authors: DEGROOTE Ariane , DEVIENNE Sophie , MICHEL Frank
Published: January 2025

L’expansion de l’irrigation dans le Bassin Adour-Garonne a conduit à un déséquilibre croissant entre usages et ressources en eau, amplifié par le changement climatique. Depuis 2019, les projets de territoire pour la gestion de l’eau (PTGE) sont déployés dans certains territoires pour parvenir à un équilibre durable entre les besoins et les ressources disponibles. Pour appuyer ces démarches territoriales, une compréhension approfondie et partagée du territoire est essentielle dès la phase de diagnostic. Elle doit nécessairement se fonder sur une meilleure connaissance de l’agriculture, premier utilisateur de l’eau et source fréquente de tensions. La méthode systémique du diagnostic agraire, développée par l’unité de formation et de recherche d’agriculture comparée d’AgroParisTech, a été mise en œuvre à cet effet dans plusieurs territoires. Elle permet de comprendre les dynamiques d’évolution de l'écosystème cultivé et des systèmes de production agricole, en explicitant le rôle de l’irrigation, qui ont conduit à la situation actuelle, et d'étudier le fonctionnement technique et économique des différents systèmes de production actuels. Ce travail a permis d'éclairer l’importance de l’irrigation dans le maintien des exploitations agricoles. La meilleure compréhension de l’agriculture locale et des enjeux auxquels elle est confrontée aujourd'hui permet d'établir une base solide pour co-construire des scénarios prospectifs pour le territoire.