bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public sector accounting education and training as supportive mechanisms of the ongoing accrual-based accounting reforms
Authors: Jafi Hanane , Youssef Said
Published: November 2021

This article explores the major challenges surrounding the ongoing wave of public sector accrual accounting reforms. In particular, this paper sheds light on the importance of training and skill development as essential components of capacity-building and discusses the crucial role educational institutions play in laying the basis of a sound Public Sector Accounting (PSA) body of knowledge. The article also provides recommendations based on studies and reports conducted by international organizations, standards-setting bodies, and accountancy profession institutions as well as capitalizing on the experience of leading countries in the public financial management field
The role of unions in solving industrial relations problems at Pt. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung Head Office
Authors: Rachmawati Rr. , Lamury Rafical N.A. , Azis Yunia Mulyani
Published: November 2021

In this study the researcher wanted to know how important the roles carried out by trade unions for employees, as well as the problems related to industrial relations, where the problems of industrial relations became a hot issue discussed in the corporate environment.  In this research, the role of trade unions and problems in industrial relations were examined. The object of this research is employees at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero), the center of Bandung, has 80 people using census techniques. This study uses a questionnaire as a data  collection tool. The test used to test the research instrument in the form of validity and reliability testing. Data analysis using simple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient. The results show that the role of trade unions in solving industrial relations problems is in the sufficient category. The results of the calculation of the correlation, the variable union (X) against the variable industrial relations (Y) of 0.773 means that both variables have a positive and significant relationship. The coefficient of determination is 59.7% while the remaining 40.3% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. Thus, the role carried out by trade unions is very important, but in carrying out its functions, trade unions have not been optimal in their duties to defend employee rights.
Interreligious dialogue: Identity versus openness
Authors: Petrov George Daniel , Pleșa Victor Marius
Published: November 2021

Interreligious dialogue is constantly proving its importance, especially in today's society, where we find a multitude of religious offers, all claiming to be keepers or discoverers of the supreme truth. This does not mean a negotiation of the faith of each participant in the interreligious dialogue, but a knowledge of the other and his creed. The need for interreligious dialogue results from the pluralism of religions that society has in its composition, religions that are either revealed, as Christianity is, or that talk about impersonal powers man should aspire to through various forms of meditation. That is why it is imperative that Christian religions express their soteriological doctrine, from which ensues the most important relationship that can be achieved between God and man.
Introdução
Authors: Dumans Guedes André , Vidal e Souza Candice
Published: November 2021

Apresentação dos temas tratados na coletânea, abordagens interpretativas da mobilidade, relações com tradições antropológicas de análise do movimento.
“A semente plantada brotou, somos todos Irmã Dorothy”. Migrações, conflitos de terra e mobilizações por direitos coletivos em Anapu (PA)
Authors: Souza Edimilson
Published: November 2021

Neste capítulo problematizo a transformação ritual da missionária norte-americana Dorothy Stang em mártir da floresta, ocorrido após seu assassinato em fevereiro de 2005, numa área rural de Anapu, oeste do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Meu objetivo é demonstrar como a celebração do martírio desta liderança através da realização da Romaria da Floresta é motivo para reunir ativistas políticos e membros de movimentos sociais em torno de temas como luta pela terra e direito aos usos sustentáveis de recursos socionaturais. Esta gramática atualiza formas de resistência e enfrentamento entre camponeses-posseiros, agroextrativistas e religiosos contra madeireiros, latifundiários e agentes do Estado, ao transformar mártires da terra e da floresta em modelo de ação para novos enfrentamentos, seja com o Estado ou grandes empreendimentos hidroelétricos e agropecuários. Um líder são muitos, uma vez que se replica em escala nos incontáveis caminhantes, que evocam sua presença durante a caminhada, e se reintegra em outros elementos vivos que compõem o cosmos, como pedras, plantas, água, terra e animais.
Pedra que não anda dá lodo: reflexões sobre a luta e os movimentos quilombolas no Norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique
Published: November 2021

A proposta deste capítulo é apresentar algumas reflexões da minha pesquisa de doutorado. O estudo é um desdobramento do trabalho que realizei durante o mestrado em Brejo dos Crioulos, comunidade quilombola localizada na região Norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, além de dar sequência a pesquisa em Brejo dos Crioulos, durante o campo desenvolvido entre 2016 e 2018, também realizei incursões em outras comunidades quilombolas da região e acompanhei diversos eventos e atividades do mundo dos movimentos. Minha intenção foi apreender a importância destes momentos, o que eles produzem e o que é necessário para produzi-los; quais são as articulações e alianças tecidas pelos quilombolas com outros povos, movimentos, parceiros e, deste modo, realizar um esforço de compreender e descrever etnograficamente, partindo do ponto de vista dos quilombolas, o movimento e a luta na região do Norte de Minas. O texto está organizado em três seções. Na primeira delas, a ideia foi realizar uma tentativa de descrever como a luta quilombola é feita em movimento, na circulação de pessoas, conhecimentos, coisas, símbolos, práticas e tradições. Em seguida, descrevo os modos como os quilombolas realizam suas andanças, mobilizam seus companheiros e assim também fazem suas lutas. A última seção do capítulo é dedicada às reflexões finais.
Breaking Load of Hitches and Ropes Used in Rigging
Authors: Kane Brian
Published: November 2021

The incorporation of hardware like blocks into the rigging system has prompted a change in the types of ropes used as slings to attach blocks to trees. Since large forces can be generated while rigging trees, it is important to determine the breaking load of hitches used to attach a sling to a tree or the rigging rope to a piece of wood. Breaking load and specific strength (the ratio of breaking strength to linear density of the rope) were measured for four common hitches and seven ropes often used in arboricultural rigging. Hitches were tied around a utility pole to simulate field conditions, and tested with a gradually increasing load. Breaking load was similar between all hitches, but varied widely among ropes, while specific strength differed between ropes and hitches. Tying hitches around the utility pole mimicked the arboricultural application of hitches and ropes, but the static application of the load, which did not reflect dynamic loads often generated during rigging, was an important limitation.
Treatment Strategies Using Imidacloprid in Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) Infested Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carrière) Trees
Authors: Doccola Joseph , Hascher William , Aiken John , Wild Peter
Published: November 2021

Due to the widespread establishment of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (HWA) across the range of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere), woodland trees may be infested for many years before treatment is made. Symptoms of prolonged infestation include extensive dieback and thinned canopies. Imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is a useful and effective tool to manage HWA. In this study, mature, large diameter trees in poor condition were treated with imidacloprid. Trees were treated once by trunk and/or soil injection in Asheville, North Carolina, U.S. Following application, changes in tree growth, HWA density and imidacloprid residues were measured for three years. Trees treated with imidacloprid recovered, whereas the untreated trees continued to struggle. Trees injected with imidacloprid accumulated compound in the canopy, facilitating refoliation and the imidacloprid persisted for three years. This extended activity of trunk-injected imidacloprid was attributed in part to slow upward movement through the restrictive tracheid vascular system and to perennial needle retention. The imidacloprid soil injection was slower to act systemically, but has potential for longer-term activity. Researchers suggest the combination of tree and soil injection for immediate and long-term (4+ years) activity as an effective and economic strategy to protect high-value trees.
Hurricane Igor Impacts at Northern Latitudes: Factors Influencing Tree Fall in an Urban Setting
Authors: Wiersma Yolanda , Davis Troy , Eberendu Elizabeth , Gidge Ian , Jewison Maria , Martin Hiliary , Parsons Kaylah , Patterson Heidi , Quirke Ashley
Published: November 2021

Hurricane Igor was a Category 1 hurricane when it passed the island of Newfoundland, Canada, causing extensive damage. Hurricanes are uncommon at northern latitudes, and boreal species are not adapted to hurricane-force winds. Moreover, much of the storm damage was in the urban area of the City of St. John’s, where there are also numerous non-native trees. This research tested whether there were attributes of trees (e.g., height, diameter at breast height, slenderness, species, age, or distance to nearest tree) that may have influenced whether a tree fell or was left standing. The study authors sampled 70 trees and found that DBH was a significant predictor of tree fall (snapping or uprooting). Conifers were no more or less likely to fall in the storm than deciduous trees, nor were native trees more or less susceptible to wind damage than non-natives. These results suggest that for a boreal, urban ecosystem, there are no target species available that could be planted strategically to minimize risk of tree fall in a major wind event. Thus, to minimize storm damage to human-built infrastructure in regions where hurricanes are rare, the best strategy would be to avoid having large trees located in close proximity to infrastructure.
Rapid Removal of Symptomatic Trees Reduces Dutch Elm Disease Infection Rates
Authors: Veilleux J. , Leferink J. , Holliday N.J.
Published: November 2021

In the province of Manitoba, Canada, 14 communities were paired on the basis of size and location. From 2004 to 2010 in one member of each pair, rapid removal of American elm (Ulmus americana) trees that displayed symptoms of Dutch elm disease was practiced: newly symptomatic trees were removed within six weeks of symptom detection. The remaining member of each pair continued with autumn or winter removal of symptomatic trees. Treed urban study areas were selected in each community, and in 2008 an inventory of U. americana was taken in these areas. From this inventory and from records of tree removals, estimates of the number of living U. americana and prevalence of Dutch elm disease were made for each year from 2004 to 2010. Following the switch to rapid removal, the annual prevalence of Dutch elm disease in rapid removal communities was 1.5 ± 0.2%, significantly lower than in communities with autumn/winter removal (3.1 ± 0.4%). The study authors estimate that in similar areas the value of the elm resource after 10 years would be almost CAD $600,000/km2 greater if rapid removal rather than autumn/winter removal were practiced. Therefore, under conditions similar to those in these communities, rapid removal should be a component of management programs for Dutch elm disease.
Going Online with Arboricultural Education
Authors: Johnston Mark , Hirons Andrew
Published: November 2021

E-learning is the delivery of learning, training, or education programs by electronic means. Over the past two decades this has become an increasingly popular way of delivering higher education courses, as this form of delivery provides significant benefits to students and the academic institution. Myerscough College has been a pioneer in developing a fully online degree level course in arboriculture not only in Britain, where the college is based, but also internationally with students now studying online in many different countries. This paper describes how the e-learning degree programs were developed, including the various challenges the programs faced and the interventions that were made to overcome them. It also presents a model for the development of e-learning vocational programs for arboriculture and related industries that other institutions may wish to use or adapt. The paper concludes with an indication of likely future developments in e-learning in arboriculture.
Methods of Tree Appraisal: A Review of Their Features and Application Possibilities
Authors: Grande-Ortiz M.A. , Ayuga-Téllez E. , Contato-Carol M.L.
Published: November 2021

Urban trees perform a number of basic functions related to the environment and the welfare of city dwellers (ecological, recreational, psychological), although their benefits are not readily quantifiable. However, in certain situations, it is essential to assign an economic value to the trees. There are currently various methods for valuing the benefits of trees and greenspaces in human settlements, including statistical methods, the travel cost method, contingent valuation, the hedonic pricing method, and integrated methods. However, these methods are not used in official valuations of urban trees; in these cases, appraisal methods are used. The aim of this paper is to study the appraisal methods used for their detailed features and the possibilities of their application. The main conclusion of this review is that there are a number of methods with different types of application. The best method is selected according to tree location, type of land ownership, and the availability of data. Methods with a higher degree of applicability are CTLA, a parametric method of low difficulty, and Contato, a mixed method of medium difficulty. In any case, it is advisable to increase efforts to objectify the correction index in the case of parametric and mixed methods.
Urban Trees Programs from Municipal Officials' Perspective: Evidence from Alabama, U.S.
Authors: Zhang Yaoqi , Zheng Bin
Published: November 2021

Using survey data, this study explored Alabama municipal employees and policy makers’ perception of urban trees, financing, governing, and information sharing regarding urban forest management. Results suggest that the importance of urban trees is widely recognized by local municipal employees and policymakers. They also believe that urban trees would increase property value and promote community pride. Ecological benefits were, however, less valued. Alabama, U.S. cities spent less than USD $60,000 per year on tree planting, tree maintenance, debris, and tree removal. Cities with a large population usually appear to spend more on urban trees; likewise, cities with higher household incomes and lower poverty rates would have higher expenditures on urban tree programs. Relatively minor differences were found among the three types of employees and administrators: mayors, council members, and administrators. The results indicate many municipal officials were not aware of, or informed about, related agencies providing urban tree management services.
Origins of the Chicago Urban Forest: Composition and Structure in Relation to Presettlement Vegetation and Modern Land Use
Authors: Fahey Robert , Bowles Marlin , McBride Jeanette
Published: November 2021

Urban forests provide important ecosystem services, but species composition and canopy structure influence provisioning of these services and long-term stability of the urban canopy. Two landscape-scale data sets (presettlement land surveys and an urban tree census) were used to explore relationships among modern land use, presettlement vegetation, and urban forest canopy structure, size structure, and composition in the Chicago, Illinois, U.S., metropolitan region. Presettlement vegetation and modern land use combined to influence urban forest composition and structure. Modern forested areas with high native species dominance, canopy cover, and structural complexity were associated with forest (rather than prairie) vegetation in the presettlement landscape. Oaks (Quercus spp.), which dominated presettlement forests and provide high ecosystem service value because of their large stature and wildlife value, were strongly associated with presettlement forest areas and modern natural areas. The Chicago region is in a transitional state where composition and structure of larger size classes is heavily tied to pre-urban vegetation. In the future, this landscape is likely to experience a shift in dominance from oaks to smaller-statured, shorter-lived non-native and opportunistic species. This shift, along with climatic change and introduction of exotic pests, may result in an urban forest with reduced potential to provide important ecosystem services.
An Evaluation of Internal Defects and Their Effect on Trunk Surface Temperature inCasuarina equisetifoliaL. (Casuarinaceae)
Authors: Burcham Daniel C. , Leong Eng-Choon , Fong Yok-King , Tan Puay-Yok
Published: November 2021

Tree risk assessment is important when communities choose to cultivate trees near people and property, and many tools may be used to enhance these assessments. The effectiveness of determining internal tree stem condition by measuring trunk surface temperatures with infrared cameras was assessed in this study. The trunk surface temperature of 48Casuarina equisetifoliawas evaluated; the trees were felled and dissected to quantify internal stem defects; and a mixed-methods approach was employed to determine the presence of defects. In total, 27% of trees were decayed, 62% discolored, 6% cavitated by termite infestations, and 2% undamaged. Qualitative visual evaluation of the infrared images revealed the close association of external stem features, opposed to internal defects, with surface temperature distributions. External features, such as cankers, detached bark, and mechanical damage, were associated with temperature anomalies. The trees’ internal condition accounted for a small percentage of the variability in evaluated temperature measurements (r2= 0.001-0.096). Overall, no clear relationship was found between the extent of internal defects and surface temperature distributions. These results are practically important for the arboricultural professional community because they show the technique does not provide accurate results about the internal condition of trees.
Performance of Sentinel-2A Remote Sensing System for Urban Area Mapping in Malaysia via Pixel-Based and OBIA Methods
Authors: Tan Adhwa Amir , Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd , Shaharum Nur Shafira Nisa
Published: November 2021

Sentinel-2A remote sensing satellite system was recently launched, providing free global remote sensing data similar to Landsat systems. Although the mission enables the acquisition of 10 m spatial resolution global data, the assessment of Sentinel-2A data performance for mapping in Malaysia is still limited. This study aimed to investigate and assess the capability of Sentinel-2A imagery in mapping urban areas in Malaysia by comparing its performance against the established Landsat-8 data as well as the fusion datasets from combining Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A datasets and using Wavelet transform (WT), Brovey transform (BT) and principal component analysis. Pixel-based and object-based image analysis (OBIA) classification approaches combined with support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree (DT) algorithms were utilized in this assessment, and the accuracy generated was analysed. The Sentinel-2A data provided superior urban mapping output over the use of Landsat-8 alone, and the fusion datasets do not yield advantages for single-scene urban mapping. The highest overall accuracy (OA) for pixel-based classification of Sentinel-2A images is 84.77 % by SVM, followed by 65.27 % using DT. BT produced the highest OA for the fusion images of 78.40 % with SVM and 52.21 % with DT. For the object-based classification of Sentinel-2A images, the highest OA is 71.33 % by SVM, followed by 76.38 % using DT. Similarly, the highest OA of fusion images is obtained by BT of 50.35 % with SVM, followed by 65.66 % with DT. From the analysis, the use of SVM pixel-based classification for medium spatial resolution Sentinel-2A data is effective for urban mapping in Malaysia and useful for future long-term mapping applications.
HIGHLIGHTS

An accurate mapping of urban land is still challenging and requires high image quality of spectral and spatial aspects to identify features
Single and fusion image analysis conducted in order to investigate and assess the most performing interpretation result by grouping out the features classes
Statistical performance and image classification comparison is relevant to prove the most effective result among the images

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Processo de Institucionalização de Sujeitos Presos
Authors: Tondin Celso Francisco , Cortina Camila Lorenzoni
Published: November 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender o processo de institucionalização de sujeitos presos, identificando efeitos subjetivos e estratégias que utilizam no cumprimento da pena. Também contextualiza a atuação do profissional de Psicologia no sistema prisional brasileiro e o debate com a Justiça em torno do exame criminológico. O estudo é de abordagem genealógica, com uso de entrevistas e análise de documentos. Os participantes são três profissionais e três apenados de um presídio masculino localizado em um estado do Sul do Brasil. A análise evidenciou que a prisão, como instituição total, provoca uma ruptura com o mundo exterior e a realidade anterior dos apenados, e que abandonam sua identidade e assumem uma identidade institucional. São prescritas condutas que legitimam hierarquias e é compartilhada uma linguagem que assinala pertencimento ao grupo. Geralmente, a família é apoiadora, mas a distância entre ela e os presos é fonte de sofrimento para eles, que criam táticas de adaptação para a convivência institucional. A perspectiva de liberdade provoca sentimentos de alegria e medo, porque o estereótipo de ex-detento segue com eles após o cumprimento da pena. A Lei de Execução Penal prevê o exame criminológico a fim de estabelecer programa de individualização da pena e progressão de regime, porém o Conselho Federal de Psicologia se posiciona contrário a sua elaboração por psicólogos no que tange ao prognóstico criminológico de reincidência, à aferição de periculosidade e ao estabelecimento de nexo causal a partir do binômio delito-delinquente, e argumenta pelo acompanhamento do preso na perspectiva da humanização, superando o paradigma punitivo.
A Noção de Futuro na Filosofia de Deleuze e o Pensamento Decolonial: Algumas Aproximações
Authors: Albuquerque Alana Soares , Fonseca Tania Mara Galli
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a noção de futuro que Deleuze esboça em sua filosofia do tempo pode ser relacionada ao pensamento decolonial, especialmente quando este se refere à possibilidade de imaginar outros futuros, ainda não capturados pelas promessas das utopias modernas ou pelos cenários pós-apocalípticos das distopias tecnológicas. Como herança do pensamento científico e moderno, o futuro vem sendo sequestrado pelas mais diversas técnicas de predição e antecipação. Já no território ficcional, os futuros imaginários das narrativas clássicas de ficção científica também foram colonizados, pois têm sido predominantes nesse tipo de ficção certas noções que estão intimamente ligadas a um ponto de vista eurocêntrico, como a noção de civilização, de “sociedades desenvolvidas”, ou até mesmo de humanidade. Por essa razão, destacamos a necessidade de dissociar o futuro de perspectivas finalistas que o fixam em certo tempo por vir. Para isso, recorremos aos conceitos de “terceira síntese do tempo” e de “geofilosofia”, elaborados por Deleuze (o segundo em parceria com Guattari), em uma tentativa de libertar a categoria do futuro das perspectivas lineares e cronológicas do tempo, ressaltando, por outro lado, sua abertura e multiplicidade. A partir de uma aproximação entre essa abordagem do futuro e os estudos decoloniais, apostamos, por fim, em uma perspectiva especulativa que inclua a incerteza, para assim dar à luz outras versões do futuro, não aqueles já prováveis, mas futuros ainda não pensados, outros mundos que estão, neste exato momento, também reivindicando por um chamado à existência.
The Red Years of Cahiers du cinéma (1968-1973)
Authors: Fairfax Daniel
Published: November 2021

The uprising which shook France in May 1968 also had a revolutionary effect on the country’s most prominent film journal. Under editors Jean-Louis Comolli and Jean Narboni, Cahiers du cinéma embarked on a militant turn that would govern the journal's work over the next five years. Inspired by Marxist and psychoanalytic theory, the "red years" of Cahiers du cinéma produced a theoretical outpouring that was seminal for the formation of film studies and is still of vital relevance for the contemporary audiovisual landscape.

The Red Years of Cahiers du Cinéma (1968-1973) gives an overview of this period in the journal’s history and its aftermath, combining biographical accounts of the critics who wrote for Cahiers in the post 1968 period with theoretical explorations of their key texts.
The Lustful—Triumphant, Impulsive, Spying, Conquered
Authors: Thomas Troy
Published: November 2021

Poussin explores the full range of lust and uninhibited sexual desire in his mythological
works, from jubilant exuberance and celebration of passion in his Triumph
of Pan and Hymenaios Disguised as a Woman During an Offering to Priapus, to the
impulsive erotic infatuation of Armida in his two versions of Rinaldo and Armida;
and from shepherds and satyrs spying upon females in Venus Espied by Shepherds
and Landscape with Polyphemus, to lust and love conquered in Amor Vincit Pan
and Venus and Mercury. He examines every aspect of desire: love’s triumph, its
darker impulses, and finally its defeat.
Killers, Transgressors
Authors: Thomas Troy
Published: November 2021

The explosive aggressiveness or peevishness of women and goddesses in several
works by Poussin result in tragic deaths. Works depicting killers in this chapter
include Medea Killing her Children, Diana Killing Acteon, Landscape with Diana
and Orion, and Diana Slaying Chione. Transgressors who suffer transformation
or death include Myrrha in the Birth of Adonis; Aglauros in Mercury, Herse, &
Aglauros, and Sapphira in the Death of Sapphira.
Victims I—Killed, Assaulted
Authors: Thomas Troy
Published: November 2021

Poussin’s compositions depict victims of tragic deaths or assaults, most of them
women. Works showing the dying include the Death of Virginia, Landscape with
Orpheus and Eurydice, Landscape with Pyramus and Thisbe, and the Realm of Flora.
Among women assaulted, Poussin’s works include the Massacre of the Innocents,
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, Queen Zenobia found on the Banks of the
River Arax, Apollo and Daphne (two versions), Pan and Syrinx, Rape of the Sabine
Women (two versions), and the drawing the Rape of Europa.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU POST PARTUM TENTANG BREAST CARE TERHADAP BENDUNGAN ASI DI KLINIK JULIANA DALIMUNTHE
Authors: Ilawati Sri
Published: November 2021

Breast care (perawatan payudara) merupakan bagian penting yang diperhatikan sebagai persiapan untuk pemberian ASI. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pengetahuan ibu post partum tentang breast care terhadap bendungan ASI. Desain penelitian ini bersifat Kolerasi yaitu dengan pendekatan cross-sectional.Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu post partum sebayak 20. Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan totalsampling.Waktu dan tempat penelitian dari oktober-desember 2020 di Klinik Juliana Dalimunthe Medan. Intrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kuesioner, analisa data univariat dan bivariat. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat mayoritas berada pada umur 21-30 sebanyak 25 orang (83%), mayoritas berada pada paritas scundigravida sebanyak 12 (40%), Dari segi pengetahuan ibu tentang breast care berpengaruh kurang sebanyak  17 orang (43%).Dari segi pengetahuan ibu tentang bendungan ASI pada ibu post partum berpengaruh kurang sebanyak 10 orang (33%).Hasil uji stastistik diperoleh nilai p (value) = 1,005 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu postpartum tentang Breast care terhadap bendungan ASI di Klinik Juliana Dalimunthe. Dari hasil uji statistik nilai yang diperoleh OR = 1,029, dalam artian responden yang berpengetahuan dapat lebih baik 1,002  kali bila di bandingkan dengan responden yang mempunyai pengetahuan kurang dari pengetahuan kurang. Hasil uji stastistik diperoleh nilai p (value) = 1,005 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu postpartum tentang Breastcare pada bendungan ASI di  Klinik Juliana Dalimunthe Medan. Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh bahwa nilai OR = 1,029 arti nya pada responden yang berpengetahuan dapat lebih baik 1,002  kali bila di bandingkan dengan responden  yang mempunyai pengetahuan kurang dari pengetahuan kurang.
Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence
Authors: Mainka Moritz , Summerauer Laura , Wasner Daniel , Garland Gina , Griepentrog Marco , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Doetterl Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Abstract. A central question in carbon research is how stabilization mechanisms in soil change over time with soil development and how this is reflected in qualitative changes of soil organic matter (SOM). To address this matter, we assessed the influence of soil geochemistry on bulk SOM composition along a soil chronosequence in California, USA spanning 3 million years. This was done by combining data on soil mineralogy and texture from previous studies with additional measurements on total carbon (C), stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N), and spectral information derived from Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). To assess qualitative shifts in bulk SOM, we analysed the peak areas of simple plant-derived (S-POM), complex plant-derived (C-POM), and predominantly microbially derived OM (MOM) and their changes in abundance across soils varying several millennia to millions of years in weathering and soil development. We observed that SOM became increasingly stabilized and microbially-derived (lower C : N ratio, increasing δ13C and δ15N) as soil weathering progresses. Peak areas of S-POM (i.e. aliphatic root exudates) did not change over time, while peak areas of C-POM (lignin) and MOM (components of microbial cell walls (amides, quinones, and ketones)) increased over time and depth and were closely related to clay content and pedogenic iron oxides. Hence, our study suggests that with progressing soil development, SOM composition co-varies with changes in the mineral matrix. Our study indicates that a discrimination in favour of structurally more complex OM compounds (C-POM, MOM) gains importance as the mineral soil matrix becomes increasingly weathered.
HydroBlocks v0.2: enabling a field-scale two-way coupling between the land surface and river networks in Earth system models
Authors: Chaney Nathaniel W. , Torres-Rojas Laura , Vergopolan Noemi , Fisher Colby K.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Over the past decade, there has been appreciable progress
towards modeling the water, energy, and carbon cycles at field scales
(10–100 m) over continental to global extents in Earth system models
(ESMs). One such approach, named HydroBlocks, accomplishes this task while
maintaining computational efficiency via Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs),
more commonly known as “tiles” in ESMs. In HydroBlocks, these HRUs are
learned via a hierarchical clustering approach from available global
high-resolution environmental data. However, until now there has yet to be
a river routing approach that is able to leverage HydroBlocks' approach to
modeling field-scale heterogeneity; bridging this gap will make it possible
to more formally include riparian zone dynamics, irrigation from surface
water, and interactive floodplains in the model. This paper introduces a
novel dynamic river routing scheme in HydroBlocks that is intertwined with
the modeled field-scale land surface heterogeneity. Each macroscale polygon
(a generalization of the concept of macroscale grid cell) is assigned its
own fine-scale river network that is derived from very high resolution
(∼ 30 m) digital elevation models (DEMs); the inlet–outlet reaches of a domain's
macroscale polygons are then linked to assemble a full domain's river
network. The river dynamics are solved at the reach-level via the kinematic
wave assumption of the Saint-Venant equations. Finally, a two-way coupling
between each HRU and its corresponding fine-scale river reaches is
established. To implement and test the novel approach, a 1.0∘ bounding
box surrounding the Atmospheric Radiation and Measurement (ARM) Southern
Great Plains (SGP) site in northern Oklahoma (United States) is used. The
results show (1) the implementation of the two-way coupling between the land
surface and the river network leads to appreciable differences in the
simulated spatial heterogeneity of the surface energy balance, (2) a limited
number of HRUs (∼ 300 per 0.25∘ cell) are required to
approximate the fully distributed simulation adequately, and (3) the surface
energy balance partitioning is sensitive to the river routing model
parameters. The resulting routing scheme provides an effective and efficient
path forward to enable a two-way coupling between the high-resolution river
networks and state-of-the-art tiling schemes in ESMs.
The bicentenary of Georg Hartung, a German pioneer geologist, explorer, and illustrator
Authors: Góis-Marques Carlos A. , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel , Madeira José
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present a tribute to Georg Friedrich Karl Hartung (1821–1891), a less-known, non-academic German geologist, on his 200th birthday anniversary. Influenced by eminent 19th century scientific
personalities, such as Oswald Heer, Charles Lyell, and Alexander von
Humboldt, he performed pioneer geological observations and sampling in the
Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands volcanic archipelagos. Later in his life, he travelled to the USA and explored the Scandinavian countries. His scientific endeavours were published in several books and papers, many of them co-authored by academic German geologists and palaeontologists. His works on Macaronesia are deemed as classics, and many have been enriched by his detailed geological illustrations.
The contribution of melt ponds to enhanced Arctic sea-ice melt during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Diamond Rachel , Sime Louise C. , Schroeder David , Guarino Maria-Vittoria
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3) is the first coupled climate model to simulate an ice-free Arctic during the Last Interglacial (LIG), 127 000 years ago. This simulation appears to yield accurate Arctic surface temperatures during the summer season. Here, we investigate the causes and impacts of this extreme simulated ice loss. We find that the summer ice melt was predominantly driven by thermodynamic processes: atmospheric and ocean circulation changes did not significantly contribute to the ice loss. We demonstrate these thermodynamic processes were significantly impacted by melt ponds, which formed on average 8 d earlier during the LIG than during the pre-industrial control (PI) simulation. This relatively small difference significantly changed the LIG surface energy balance and impacted the albedo feedback. Compared to the PI simulation: in mid-June, of the absorbed flux at the surface over ice-covered cells (sea-ice concentration > 0.15), ponds accounted for 45 %–50 %, open water 35 %–45 %, and bare ice and snow 5 %–10 %. We show that the simulated ice loss led to large Arctic sea surface salinity and temperature changes. The sea surface temperature and salinity signals we identify here provide a means to verify, in marine observations, if and when an ice-free Arctic occurred during the LIG. Strong LIG correlations between spring melt pond and summer ice area indicate that, as Arctic ice continues to thin in future, the spring melt pond area will likely become an increasingly reliable predictor of the September sea-ice area. Finally, we note that models with explicitly modelled melt ponds seem to simulate particularly low LIG sea-ice area. These results show that models with explicit (as opposed to parameterised) melt ponds can simulate very different sea-ice behaviour under forcings other than the present day. This is of concern for future projections of sea-ice loss.
A Combination of Ice Ingestion and Head Cooling Enhances Cognitive Performance during Endurance Exercise in the Heat
Authors: Mazalan Nur Shakila , Landers Grant Justin , Wallman Karen Elizabeth , Ecker Ullrich
Published: November 2021

his study assessed the effectiveness of head cooling during exercise in the heat on cognitive performance, either alone or with ice ingestion. Ten healthy males, non-acclimatized to heat, ran (70% V̇O2peak) for 2×30 min in heat (35 ± 0.9°C, 68.2 ± 6.9% RH). Participants completed 3 trials: 10 min of head cooling during exercise (HC); precooling with crushed ice (7gikg-1) and head cooling during exercise (MIX); or no-cooling/control (CON). Working memory was assessed using the automated operation span task (OSPAN) and serial seven test (S7). Following MIX, S7 scores were improved compared to CON (12 ± 9.5, p = 0.004, d = 1.42, 0.34-2.28) and HC (4 ± 5.5, p = 0.048, d = 0.45, -0.47 to 1.3) during exercise. Moderate to large effect sizes were recorded for S7 and OSPAN following MIX and HC compared to CON, suggesting a tendency for improved cognitive performance during exercise in heat. Following precooling (MIX), core body temperature (Tc) and forehead temperature (Th) were lower compared to baseline (-0.75 ± 0.37°C, p < 0.001; -0.31 ± 0.29°C, p = 0.008, respectively) but not in HC or CON (p > 0.05). Thermal sensation (TS) was lower in MIX and HC compared to CON during exercise (p < 0.05). The reduction in Tc, Th and TS with MIX may have attenuated the effect of heat and subsequently improved working memory during exercise in heat.
Les défis de la gestion de classe virtuelle synchrone
Authors: Carignan Isabelle
Published: November 2021

L’enseignement en ligne en mode synchrone a apporté son lot de défis pour les enseignants du primaire et du secondaire depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID-19 en mars 2020. Basé sur des observations réalisées auprès de 10 classes du primaire et du secondaire au Québec et en Ontario, ainsi que sur des discussions avec des enseignants, cet article de réflexion présente quelques constats sur la gestion de classe, qui semble beaucoup plus ardue à faire en ligne qu’en présence. Enseigner virtuellement demeure donc une solution d’urgence si la situation l’oblige. Autrement, l'enseignement en personne demeure ce que nous pouvons offrir de mieux aux élèves.
Ảnh hưởng của một số yếu tố nguy cơ đối với tình trạng viêm quanh răng mạn tính
Authors: Minh Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Hải Trịnh Đình , Hải Lê Thị Thu
Published: November 2021

Mục tiêu: Xác định mối liên quan của các yếu tố nguy cơ như hút thuốc lá, tuổi, giới… với tình trạng phá hủy vùng quanh răng và mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh viêm quanh răng trên một nhóm người Việt Nam. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu bệnh chứng trên 113 đối tượng tuổi từ 20 đến 65 gồm 75 bệnh nhân viêm quanh răng và 38 người có vùng quanh răng khỏe mạnh. Các đối tượng được khám toàn bộ hai hàm, ghi nhận các chỉ số lâm sàng, tình trạng hút thuốc lá và lấy mẫu mảng bám dưới lợi. Các mẫu mảng bám được xét nghiệm vi khuẩn gây bệnh bằng phương pháp PCR. Các chỉ số lâm sàng và kết quả xét nghiệm vi khuẩn được phân tích bằng phần mềm thống kê y học. Kết quả: Có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ giữa sự có mặt của A. actinomycetemcomitans và tình trạng hút thuốc lá với OR (độ tin cậy 95%) là 7,50. Mối quan hệ này cũng thấy đối với T. forsythensis, F. Nucleatum và P. intermedia nhưng không chặt chẽ bằng (OR lần lượt là 3,31; 2,37 và 2,17). Hút thuốc lá có mối liên quan chặt chẽ với tình trạng mất bám dính quanh răng lâm sàng và chảy máu lợi khi thăm khám. Có mối liên quan chặt chẽ giữa độ tuổi trên 35 với bệnh viêm quanh răng ở nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu với OR (độ tin cậy 95%) là 4,28 và p<0,01. Kết luận: Các yếu tố nguy cơ như hút thuốc lá, tuổi… có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến thành phần vi khuẩn gây bệnh trong mảng bám răng, từ đó ảnh hưởng đến tình trạng tiến triển của bệnh viêm quanh răng. Những yếu tố này có thể được coi là yếu tố chỉ điểm cho mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh viêm quanh răng và được sử dụng để tiên lượng cho kết quả điều trị bệnh viêm quanh răng.
The Considerations on a Classification Scheme for Community College Workforce Development Programs
Authors: Miller Michael T , Grover Kenda S.
Published: November 2021

Community colleges actively engage in a broad array of pre- and in-employment workforce development programs. These programs have typically been categorized as credit or non-credit bearing, but this classification is problematic and does not account for the complexity of the type, size, or motivation for offering the program. This discussion categorizes workforce development programs based on their funding source, including federal, state, industry/private, institutional, and user based programs. This type of classification allows for a better understanding of who is being served by programs, how they might be used in the future, and ultimately, provides some foundation for program assessment.
Rom for medvirkning? Om kvaliteter i samspillet mellom førskolelærer og barn
Authors: Bae Berit
Published: November 2021

Lov om barnehager slår fast at barn skal ha rett til medvirkning (§3), og rammeplanen gir retningslinjer for hvordan dette skal forståes. Opplevelser av at det finnes mennesker rundt barna som deler deres engasjement og prøver å forstå, er grunnleggende for at barn kan medvirke som subjekter ut fra egne premisser. Men ikke alle samspillserfaringer bidrar like konstruktivt i denne retningen. Hensikten med artikkelen er å drøfte hvordan kvalitative aspekter ved voksen-barn samspill skaper forutsetninger for barns deltagelse. Med utgangspunkt i en undersøkelse av dialoger mellom førskolelærer og barn, drøftes barnehagekonteksten som bakgrunn for samspill, og det pekes på utfordringer barn og voksne står overfor når de skal komme inn i konstruktivt samspill. Kvalitative aspekter ved samspillsmønstre som gir ulikt rom for barns medvirkning beskrives. Avslutningsvis diskuteres noen sentrale aspekter opp mot annen forskning.
Intimations of the Loka in Adhyatmaramayanam Kilipattu
Authors: Murali Malini
Published: November 2021

[ABSTRACT]

This article is a creative-reflective account of the centrality of the loka, or location, in the recitational tradition of the Ramayanam in Kerala. Through Tunchath Ezhutachan's Adhyatmaramayanam Kilipattu, a sixteenth-century rendering of the Ramayana in Malayalam, the author attempts to bring to fore the varying nuances of the loka presented in the text and the manner in which it informs the context of its performance. The article claims that neither the composition nor its performance seeks a religious ideal of the transcendental, instead by placing its emphasis on location, the Kilipattu demands to be understood as a poetical-philosophical account of being in the world.
Re-Visioning Caste in Indian Cinema
Authors: Kumar Akshaya
Published: November 2021

Adding nuance to the accusation of sustained caste blindness against Indian cinema, this article situates Nagraj Manjule’s Marathi blockbuster Sairat (2016) within the trajectories of Marathi cinema, and vis-à-vis the historical traffic between the Hindi film industry and its southern counterparts. The article grapples with sociological and formal valences of realism and melodrama, which co-constitute Sairat, so as to argue that the re-visioning must address the “invisible” embeddedness of caste in universalized abstractions; or more appropriately, in its (mis)translations away from the “limiting” particularity of caste politics to be subsumed under more universally legible aesthetic of social justice.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Human Behaviour Among Undergraduate Students of Lucknow
Authors:   Assistant Professor, St. Mary's College of Nursing, Lucknow, Rao Nidhi , Paul Amardeep , Verma Aradhana , Prajapati Dolly , Chauhan Kanchan , Yadav Manju , Sachan Netoo , Yadav Sunita ,   Bsc Nursing Interns, St. Mary's College of Nursing, Lucknow
Published: November 2021

Background of the study: Students were found to use mobile phone excessively. The pattern of mobile phone use among the students may signal the evolution of mobile phone use from a habit to an addiction.[5] Usage of mobile phones adversely affect student concentration, psychosocial wellbeing and their physiological health which are areas that need attention. The problem is that the use of mobile phone among students has become a habit.[3] Research shows that there is a difference between students’ performance and commitment to academics in lecture rooms from those who use mobile phones during lecture, inattentiveness, and non- participation in academic assignments or field work.[7] Findings of a study indicates that mobile phones play a large part in the daily life of medical student. Therefore, its impact on psychological and health should be discussed among the students to prevent the harmful effects of mobile phones use.[8] Objective of this study is to assess the impact of mobile phone usage on behavior change among undergraduate students and to find out the association between the impact of mobile phone usage on behavior change among undergraduate students with the selected demographic variable. Materials and Methods: Descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Through non discriminative snow ball sampling technique 100 undergraduate students of different disciplines like medical, engineering, agricultural and other science were selected for this study. Self-administered online questionnaire was used to gather the data from the participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: impact of mobile phones among 1% of undergraduate students is mild, 94% of undergraduate students had moderate impact and remaining 5% of them reported that the impact of mobile phone on their human behavior is severe. The overall mean impact score was 91.21 and obtained SD was 22.34. Conclusion: Results of this study shows that the usage of mobile phone has moderate to severe impact among the behavior of the undergraduate students. Though the need of mobile phone is inevitable there needs have to be balanced between time spent with these devices, and without them. Without a set balance, people will continue to become more obsessed and consumed by technology, and there is a concern that humans will lose all closeness and affection that can come from personalized conversations.