bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic collaboration recommendation based on graph neural network and multi-attribute embedding
Authors: Ye Guanghui , Wei Jinyu , Tan Qitao , Wu Chuan , Song Xiaoying , Li Songye
Published: October 2024

Academic collaboration recommendation (ACR) can help researchers find potential partners for research and thus promote academic innovation. Recent works mostly use graph learning-based methods to explore various ways of combining node information with topology, which consists of multiple steps, including network construction, node feature extraction, network representation learning and link prediction. One limitation is that they only conduct research on co-authorship networks and ignore citation relationship between publications. Besides, they tend to use attributes from a single dimension of researchers and do not take attributes of researchers from multiple dimensions into consideration at the same time. To address the above issues, we present the multi-dimensional attributes enhanced heterogeneous (MAH) network representation learning method, which constructs heterogeneous networks with both co-authorship and citation information and makes use of multi-dimensional attributes. Three research questions are addressed in this work: (RQ1) Is our proposed method effective on academic collaboration recommendation compared with existing state-of-the-art methods? (RQ2) Does incorporating citation information into co-authorship network help improve the performance of academic collaboration recommendation? (RQ3) How does fusing multi-dimensional attributes affect the performance of academic collaboration recommendation? A publicly available real-world data set is used in our experiments. The superior performance of MAH compared with baseline methods demonstrates that the proposed multi-dimensional feature-based researcher profile can enrich node information in academic network and effective researcher representations can be learned by applying graph representation learning methods on the network.
The relationship between LGBT older adults’ social network structure and function
Authors: Prasad Anyah , Burr Jeffrey A. , Miller Edward Alan , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen
Published: October 2024

Social prejudice, family nonacceptance, and lack of marriage or adoption rights often restrict the formation of conventional social ties among LGBT older adults. As a result, they often rely on families of choice constituted by other LGBT/age peers for support. Using a series of regression analyses with a national sample of LGBT older Americans, this study investigated how characteristics of social network structure (size and composition - LGBT vs. non-LGBT identity and age ≥50 vs. < 50) were related to LGBT older adults’ social network function (perceived social support). Larger social networks, especially those composed of LGBT members and older adults, were associated with more perceived social support. In subgroup analyses, larger social networks composed of more LGBT members and older adults were associated with more perceived social support among lesbian and gay respondents. For bisexual + older adults, larger social network size was associated with more perceived social support, but social network composition was not related to more perceived social support. For transgender older adults, neither social network size nor network composition were significantly associated with perceived social support. This study demonstrated that having more people with similar characteristics in their social networks cues LGBT older adults about the availability of social support. Findings may inform strategies for tailoring programs intended to maintain and strengthen LGBT older adults’ social support networks.
Influence of toolpath strategies during laser polishing on additively manufactured biomaterials
Authors: Rajput Atul Singh , Babu Phul , Das Manas , Kapil Sajan
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, Additive Manufacturing ( AM), i.e., the 3D Printing process, is one of the advanced manufacturing processes for making a complex geometry with high accuracy. Additive manufacturing processes are widely used worldwide and are the fastest-growing industrial technology, as any complex structure with minimal wastage of materials can be fabricated. However, poor surface quality is a major limitation of additive manufacturing due to surface defects, including unmelted powder particles, balling, porosity, etc. Laser polishing utilizes remelting and reflowing of the surface irregularities under the influence of a high-power laser source to efficiently improve the surface quality of the additively manufactured parts. Herein, a thin layer of the surface is molten, and because of surface tension, molten material flows from the peak into the valley with no loss of material from the surface. Laser polishing is a CNC-operated surface finishing method, hence an appropriate toolpath strategy is required to produce uniform surface quality on the polished surface. In the present work, the impact of various toolpath strategies, i.e., raster, offset flat, contour parallel, Hilbert, Peano, and spiral, over the final surface quality is analyzed during the laser polishing. The maximum 92% reduction in average surface roughness with uniform surface quality is observed with a fractal-based toolpath strategy, i.e., Peano with improved surface hardness. Moreover, laser polishing is capable of reducing all surface defects from the fabricated surface, as observed from the scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, an insignificant change in the surface composition of the material is observed after the laser polishing.
Paradoxical cerebral embolism three decades after mustard surgery in a patient with complete transposition of the great arteries: a case report
Authors: Matsuzono Kosuke , Suzuki Masayuki , Mashiko Takafumi , Koide Reiji , Fujimoto Shigeru
Published: October 2024

Atrial switch procedures such as the Mustard operation were previously popular for the complete transposition of the great arteries (i.e. dextro-transposition of the great arteries [d-TGA]). Patients with d-TGA who underwent atrial switch procedures approximately three decades ago have now entered adulthood. A female patient in her 30s with d-TGA had a paradoxical embolic stroke following the initiation of a low-dose oestrogen plus progesterone oral pill for dysmenorrhoea. She underwent Mustard surgery when she was 2 years old. Following a series of procedures including implantation of a permanent pacemaker that was required because of sinus node dysfunction, she had reached adulthood, was living by herself and working independently. One month after taking the low-dose oestrogen plus progesterone oral pill, venous thrombosis occurred in the left soleus and left peroneal veins; and she experienced an acute ischaemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery area. Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed that the shunt was present only during the Valsalva manoeuvre. Based on the examinations, the patient was diagnosed with juvenile ischaemic stroke as a result of a paradoxical embolism. These findings suggest that paradoxical cerebral embolism can occur as a late complication in patients with d-TGA who underwent the Mustard operation as children.
Prevalence and risk factors of low bone mineral density in Chinese Han male patients with alcohol dependence
Authors: Liu Yu , Xia Qianhui , Ding Zenghui , Gu Lina , Xu Yayun , Wang Yongmei , Zhang Xulai
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) along with its possible risk factors in male Han Chinese patients with alcohol dependence (AD).

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study included male patients with AD, classified into normal and low BMD groups according to bone densitometry T scores. Demographic and alcohol-related data, and routine laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate risk factors associated with low BMD, and correlations between the T-score and demographic, alcohol-related, and routine laboratory data were evaluated.

Results

Among a total of 107 patients with AD included in the study, the prevalence of low BMD was 70.09% (75/107). Patients with low BMD were older, consumed more alcohol daily, and had higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lower Ca2+ levels than patients with normal BMD. Regression analysis revealed that increased daily alcohol intake, low serum Ca2+ levels, high serum LDH levels, and comorbid hypertension was related to low BMD in patients with AD. Further correlation analysis revealed a positive association between T-score and serum Ca2+ levels.

Conclusion

Increased daily alcohol intake, low serum Ca2+ levels, high serum LDH levels, and comorbid hypertension may be risk factors for low BMD.
SD-YOLO: A lightweight steel surface defect detection model with dynamic parameterisation for adaptive feature modulation
Authors: Li Xianguo , Xu Changyu , Li Jie , Li Yang , Zhou Xinyi
Published: October 2024

The production and manufacturing processes of steel inevitably generate various types of surface defects. The real-time and accurate detection of these surface defects is of great practical significance. To realise real-time detection of steel surface defects with significant differences in shape and size on resource constrained edge computing equipment, this paper proposes a lightweight real-time steel surface defect detection model SD-YOLO based on a dynamic parameterisation strategy. Firstly, a Dynamic Parameterised Enhancement Module is proposed, which dynamically assigns routing weights to parallel convolutional kernels based on input features, thereby enhancing the representation of defect features in the feature map and improving the network's ability to capture rich and detailed features. Secondly, the Efficient Intersection over Union loss function is employed to optimise the regression process of the prediction boxes. This enhances the model's fitting performance on bounding boxes with significant aspect ratio differences and improves the accuracy of detecting defects of various scales. Experimental results indicate that for the NEU-DET and GC10-DET datasets, SD-YOLO achieves a mean average precision of 83.1% and 74.1% respectively, with a stronger focus on defective regions, and detection speeds of 169.5 Frames Per Second (FPS) and 178.6 FPS, respectively. When SD-YOLO is deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NANO, the detection speed reaches 33.9 FPS and 66.7 FPS respectively, and maintains the same detection accuracy as the server-side, which realises real-time, accurate, and automatic detection of steel surface defects on edge computing devices with limited computational resources. Furthermore, SD-YOLO also demonstrates excellent generalisation ability and accuracy on images of steel surface defects collected in real industrial environments. In conclusion, SD-YOLO provides a practical and effective solution for real-time steel surface defect detection in resource-constrained environments, making it highly suitable for deployment in industrial applications. Source code is available at https://github.com/Xcy0512/SD-YOLO .
Into the zone
Authors: Peck Jamie
Published: October 2024

In conversation with Quinn Slobodian’s Crack-up capitalism, the commentary explores the book’s innovative but for the most part implicit methodological and expositional strategy, reflecting on some of the implications for the geographical analysis of ideas and ideation. Ideation certainly matters, but never mechanically or predictably, so the challenging questions concern how to specify, and to assign explanatory weight to, particular ideas in particular situations.
Combinatorial approach to predict synergistic ablation behavior of carbon fiber phenolic composites under aerodynamic loading
Authors: Pandiyan Kuppusamy Raghu Raja , Shyamprasad Pakala , Padarthi Yashwanth , Siddiqui Ahmed Ovais , Dasari Arvind , Gupta Manoj
Published: October 2024

The study conducts a comprehensive analysis across 1-D, 2-D, and 2-D axisymmetric geometries, investigating temperature profiles, surface recession patterns, pyrolysis gas flow dynamics, and density fluctuations within the composite material. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the FEA technique in modeling complex multi-physical interactions associated with ablation phenomena. The carbon-phenolic composites, characterized by low thermal conductivity, high specific heat capacity, and substantial char yield, are shown to be particularly well-suited as ablative materials. The char layer formed during ablation acts as an additional insulating barrier, enhancing thermal protection. In a specific case study, a 2 cm thick composite laminate was subjected to an intense heat flux of 200 W/cm2 for 180 s. The results demonstrate that the Thermal Protection System (TPS) effectively maintains the back face temperature below 350 K for the initial 60 s under uniform heat flux conditions. However, beyond this period, the back face temperature gradually increases, reaching 1698 K at the end of the 180-s simulation. These insights into the material’s thermal performance under severe heat exposure conditions provide valuable guidance for applications requiring effective heat management and thermal protection.
Implications of What Works Clearinghouse Guidelines on Single-Case Design: An Investigation of Empty Training Phases
Authors: Rodgers Derek B. , King Seth A.
Published: October 2024

The What Works Clearinghouse quality standards provide guidance regarding studies capable of supporting evidence-based practices. Standards concerning single-case designs have been extensively revised to accommodate new evaluation methods, such as the design comparable effect size. These designs often omit data in which children and other participants receive training. Recently, the What Works Clearinghouse suggested studies with such “empty training phases” do not meet minimum standards of evidence. However, evidence regarding the effect of empty training phases on results is limited. This study used a subset of single-case design data from a recent meta-analysis to simulate studies with empty training phases. We calculated design-comparable effect sizes, evaluated differences between simulated and unsimulated data, and conducted random effects meta-analyses. Effects of simulated studies with artificially designed empty training phases were nearly four times as large as effects of the original, unaltered data. Guidance for intervention researchers follows a description of findings.
Evaluation of Pharmacist-led Telehealth Medicare Annual Wellness Visits to Satisfy Quality Metrics and USPSTF Recommendations After Implementation of a Post-Visit Follow-Up Protocol
Authors: Skelley Jessica W. , Rogers Christopher J. , Gonzalez English , Kim Subin , York Adriane L. , Duncan Hannah , Morris Fayth
Published: October 2024

Background: A Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (MAWV) serves Medicare patients by identifying and addressing gaps in preventive services and health screenings, often aligning with outpatient practice quality metrics. Objective: Evaluate an existing pharmacist-led MAWV telehealth service, determine the baseline quality metric satisfaction rate of telehealth MAWVs, and assess for improvement after implementing a post-MAWV follow-up protocol at a suburban, lower-income primary care clinic. Methods: This IRB-exempt, single-center retrospective chart review utilized the electronic health record at Christ Health Center, Birmingham, AL. From August 2020 through May 2022, 288 charts were assessed between 2 retrospective chart reviews that included patients 18 years or older with Medicare insurance and the ability to conduct a telehealth MAWV. The first chart review assessed metric and recommendation satisfaction within 12 months of the visit. The second chart review was performed after follow-up protocol implementation to assess for additional improvement within 3 months of the visit. Results: The percentage of MAWV recommendations completed groups after implementing a follow-up protocol. For the first chart review, 57.1% of the assessed Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Uniform Data System (UDS) quality metrics, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)-required MAWV components were satisfied from the first chart review compared to 53.3% of satisfied quality metrics post-protocol implementation in spite of a substantially shorter follow-up timeframe. Conclusion: Telehealth MAWVs improve preventive care and quality metric satisfaction for Medicare patients. Post-visit follow-up protocols enhance satisfaction rates. Pharmacist-led MAWVs foster interprofessional collaboration and comprehensive patient care.
Stable isotope analysis of faunal remains from Bronze Age Kaymakçı, Western Anatolia
Authors: Irvine Benjamin , Luke Christina , Çakırlar Canan , Kaner Tunç , Özbal Rana , Fındıklar Şengül , Roosevelt Christopher H
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of stable carbon ( δ13C) and nitrogen ( δ15N) isotopic analysis of bulk bone collagen from faunal remains from the Bronze Age site of Kaymakçı in western Anatolia. We use the isotopic values in conjunction with zooarchaeological data and contextual archaeological information to examine human-environment interactions; in particular, animal management and husbandry. Middle and Late Bronze Age agricultural systems in western and central Anatolia remain poorly understood, and this research aims to contribute to rectifying this research gap. We obtained stable isotopic values from both wild and domestic species, including deer, hare, birds, catfish, dogs, pigs, caprids and cattle. The δ13C values range from −22.0‰ to −16.9‰ and the δ15N values range from 2.3‰ to 10.3‰. For cattle, the δ13C values suggest that some specimens were subject to different management strategies, likely related to feeding or herding patterns or even the movement of animals in and around the region through some exchange mechanism. There appears to be no fixed location or strategy for the management of caprids and, furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that the herding/management areas of some caprids overlapped with those of wild animals such as deer and hare. Variation in δ15N values for pigs may indicate that whilst some animals in the sampled assemblage were free-roaming, others were penned. For the pigs and some other herbivorous domesticated species variation in δ15N values may also point to the exploitation of the wetland areas around Lake Marmara.
Instrumental variable analysis with categorical treatment
Authors: Kazemi Amir Aamodt , Olsen Inge Christoffer
Published: October 2024

Current instrumental variable methodology focuses mainly on estimating causal effects for a dichotomous or an ordinal treatment variable. Situations with more than two unordered treatments are less explored. The challenge is that assumptions needed to derive point-estimators become increasingly stronger with the number of relevant treatment alternatives. In this article, we aim at deriving causal point-estimators for head-to-head comparisons of the effect of multiple relevant treatments or interventions. We will achieve this with a set of plausible and well-defined rationality assumptions while only considering ordinal instruments. We demonstrate that our methodology provides asymptotically unbiased estimators in the presence of unobserved confounding effects in a simulation study. We then apply the method to compare the effectiveness of five anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. For this, we use a clinical data set from an observational study in Norway, where price is the primary determinant of the preferred drug and can therefore be considered as an instrument. The developed methodology provides an important addition to the toolbox for causal inference when comparing more than two interventions influenced by an instrumental variable.
Motivation, self-determination, and reflexivity of researchers in comedic public engagement
Authors: Gallagher Áine , Fracchiolla Claudia , Fairfield Jessamyn A.
Published: October 2024

Understanding motivation and impact of participation in public engagement programs is crucial for fostering dialogue between researchers and the public. Using Self-Determination Theory and Reflexive Thematic Analysis, in this study we analyzed motivation and impact on identity of researchers participating in Bright Club Ireland, a public engagement project where academic researchers learn to use stand-up comedy as an informal and accessible means of communicating their research, then perform at a public-facing variety night alongside professional comedians. Through semi-structured interviews and focus groups, we found that participation in Bright Club is largely intrinsically motivated, driven by researchers’ desire to gain skills, be recognized as experts, and present their own perspectives on their disciplines. These findings shed light on how participation in public engagement can promote a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness among researchers, and highlight the role of creative expression in facilitating reflection and growth.
Storytelling and Listening in Transitional Justice Processes: Addressing the Marginalisation of More-than-Human Worlds
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya
Published: October 2024

This interdisciplinary article makes three important contributions to discussions about transitional justice and storytelling. First, it problematises the anthropocentric character of transitional justice and the concomitant narrow focus on human-centred stories. It underscores the need for more inclusive and multispecies ways of thinking about storytelling – as a deeply relational process – and what it looks and sounds like in transitional justice contexts. Second, the article focuses not just on storytelling but also on listening, which has received little attention within transitional justice research. It reflects on the significance of soundscape ecology and argues that learning to listen to and with our soundscapes is one way of ensuring that more-than-human worlds, ‘voices’ and experiences do not remain peripheral to transitional justice. Third, the article contributes to a larger decolonising imperative. By conceptualising storytelling and listening as inherently relational practices, it de-centres liberal individualism and gives prominence to Indigenous cosmologies.
Interplay Between Financial Literacy, Firm’s Characteristics, Behavioural Biases and Investment Choices—A Conditional Mediation Model
Authors: Bhatia Meena , Arora Ruchi , Mehrotra Vandana
Published: October 2024

Individual investing decisions are crucial in determining one’s financial well-being, as these choices directly affect their financial health. The current study uses structured equation modelling based on survey data from 288 individual investors. We contribute to the growing body of literature by employing the conditional mediation model to investigate the interaction between financial literacy, firm characteristics, behavioural biases and their impact on investment choices. The study findings substantiate the critical role of a firm’s characteristics in mediating the relationship between financial literacy and investment choices. The findings highlight the importance of financial literacy in enabling investors to make informed decisions, accentuating the mediating role of a firm’s characteristics, which adds novelty to the study.
Lived Experiences of Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Hameed Sadaf , Sondhi Vanita
Published: October 2024

Background:

Children in India who have been diagnosed with celiac disease deal with a variety of challenges and difficulties as a result of their condition. Understanding their experiences is important to help the patients adapt better to the demands of celiac disease and gluten-free diet.

Methods:

The present study has used a constructivism paradigm as a study design. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. In-depth telephonic interviews were conducted with 10 children with celiac disease. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data.

Results:

The main themes and sub-themes that emerged from the data were emotional responses (the feeling of deprivation, the feeling of being different from others, the novelty of gluten-free diet leading to excitement), physical health impact (getting tired easily, delayed growth), social constraints (social limitations brought on by celiac disease, peer pressure to eat gluten, and non-acceptance of celiac disease by others), future concerns (uncertainty about the future, improved physical health, celiac disease cure, dependency on others), navigating dietary changes (fear of cross-contamination, food restrictions caused by celiac disease, non-availability of gluten-free food, and limited food options outside the home), coping strategies, and management of celiac disease (eat home-cooked meals, receiving support from family, and friends, adhering to gluten-free diet).

Conclusion:

Governmental organizations and experts in mental health must acknowledge the needs of Indian children with celiac disease. The need of the hour is to improve gluten-free product labelling and raise awareness of celiac disease.
The positive obligations doctrine: A means of effective fundamental rights protection in EU Member States?
Authors: Backé Anna V.
Published: October 2024

Over the last years, the idea of positive obligations under Charter rights was brought up as an argument in some cases before the European Court of Justice in order to claim action from Member States or the European Union. However, a general doctrine of positive obligations does not seem to be able to assert itself in EU law. The article starts with identifying challenges for a concept of positive obligations under EU law. Further, different levels of manifestations of positive obligations are determined in the case-law of the ECJ in relation to the Member States. Through revisiting the case-law in light of the challenges identified, the article points out possibilities and limits for endorsing positive obligations in EU law, particularly in relation to the Member States. Lastly, the article looks into potentials of further developing a concept of positive obligations under the Charter.
The ‘autonomization’ of EU fundamental rights protection: Insights into the recent ECJ case law on Article 52(3) CFR
Authors: Langenfeld Charlotte
Published: October 2024

In a new line of case law on the interpretation and application of Article 52(3) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the European Court of Justice has explicitly applied the autonomy of EU law in the field of fundamental rights protection by referring to the non-binding Explanations relating to Article 52(3) CFR. According to these Explanations, Article 52(3) CFR has the purpose to ensure the consistency of the interpretation of the Charter with the European Convention on Human Rights, without ‘adversely affecting the autonomy of Union law and of that of the Court of Justice of the European Union’. Since the Grand Chamber judgment in N. (C-601/15 PPU, 15 February 2016), 23 cases have subsequently made this same reference to the autonomy of EU law when applying Article 52(3) CFR. The main point of this article is to showcase how the ECJ uses the Explanations in this line of case law as an instrument to establish an autonomous interpretation of the fundamental rights of the CFR, which are influenced, but not fully determined, by the ECHR.
Oxytocin in old age psychiatry: A systematic review of the safety of using intranasal oxytocin in older adults
Authors: Sawares Antoine , Olver James , Morcos Marco , Norman Trevor
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To examine the literature for evidence of adverse events associated with the use of intranasal oxytocin in older adults (60+).

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken according to PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed literature was searched for studies involving intranasal oxytocin use in older populations. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.

Results

The search identified nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of intranasal oxytocin on a total sample size of 331 older participants. Adverse effects associated with oxytocin administration were predominantly mild and varied inconsistently between studies. Compared to placebo intranasal oxytocin was not significantly associated with severe adverse outcomes in doses ranging from 24 to 72 IU after single dose and or repeated doses in the short-term.

Conclusion

In a population of older adults, intranasal oxytocin is devoid of serious adverse events. Although this review offers valuable insights, it may not fully reflect the potential adverse events associated with the long-term administration of intranasal oxytocin such as would be expected in its clinical application if approved for the treatment of dementia.
Visualizemi: Visualization, Effect Size, and Replication of Measurement Invariance for Registered Reports
Authors: Buchanan Erin M.
Published: October 2024

Latent variable modeling as a lens for psychometric theory is a popular tool for social scientists to examine measurement of constructs. Journals, such as Assessment regularly publish articles supporting measures of latent constructs wherein a measurement model is established. Confirmatory factor analysis can be used to investigate the replicability and generalizability of the measurement model in new samples, while multigroup confirmatory factor analysis is used to examine the measurement model across groups within samples. With the rise of the replication crisis and “psychology’s renaissance,” interest in divergence in measurement has increased, often focused on small parameter differences within the latent model. This article presents visualizemi, an R package that provides functionality to calculate multigroup models, partial invariance, visualizations for (non)-invariance, effect sizes for models and parameters, and potential replication rates compared with random models. Readers will learn how to interpret the impact and size of the proposed non-invariance in models with a focus on potential replication and how to plan for registered reports.
Looking to see, listening to hear, learning to understand: centring Indigenous relationality to pursue a more-than-disciplinary academy
Authors: harriden (wiradyuri) kate , Weir Jessica K , Cunio Kim E
Published: October 2024

Indigenous scholars argue that the reciprocal relationality of life should be taken more seriously in scholarship responding to environmental crisis; however, much of orthodox academia analyses the environment as a separate category through the physical and social science disciplines. This article shows how human exceptionalism, human centrism, racial discrimination, and Euro-American centric privilege interweave in academic institutions and practices, often invisibly and thus insidiously, to dismiss Indigenous scholarship and lived experiences. We explore how to meaningfully address these problematics, presenting examples from our academic practices to overturn colonial and imperial privilege. We present a more-than-disciplinary approach to undiscipline nature, knowledge, and peoples. We argue that this paradigm shift is best led by Indigenous leaders in relationality, whose expert knowledge inheritance already holds nature with society. We present an Indigenous, pedological approach, to help destabilise orthodox academic disciplinary approaches and organisational structures through foregrounding Indigenous learning and knowledge systems.
The Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC) Components and Its Associated Pathways Are Promising Candidates to Differentiate Between Normosensitive and Radiosensitive ATM-Mutated Cells
Authors: Dietz Anne , Subedi Prabal , Azimzadeh Omid , Duchrow Lukas , Kaestle Felix , Paetzold Juliane , Katharina Payer Sarah , Hornhardt Sabine , von Toerne Christine , Hauck Stefanie M , Kempkes Bettina , Kuklik-Roos Cornelia , Brandes Danielle , Borkhardt Arndt , Moertl Simone , Gomolka Maria
Published: October 2024

Background:

Sensitivity to ionizing radiation differs between individuals, but there is a limited understanding of the biological mechanisms that account for these variations. One example of such mechanisms are the mutations in the ATM (mutated ataxia telangiectasia) gene, that cause the rare recessively inherited disease Ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Hallmark features include chromosomal instability and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR).

Objectives:

To deepen the molecular understanding of radiosensitivity and to identify potential new markers to predict it, human ATM-mutated and proficient cells were compared on a proteomic level.

Design:

In this study, we analyzed 3 cell lines from AT patients, with varying radiosensitivity, and 2 cell lines from healthy volunteers, 24 hours and 72 hours post-10 Gy irradiation

Methods:

We used label-free mass spectrometry to identify differences in signaling pathways after irradiation in normal and radiosensitive individuals. Cell viability was initially determined by water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay and DNA damage response was analyzed with 53BP1 repair foci formation along with KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) phosphorylation.

Results:

Proteomic analysis identified 4028 proteins, which were used in subsequent in silico pathway enrichment analysis to predict affected biological pathways post-IR. In AT cells, networks were heterogeneous at both time points with no common pathway identified. Mitotic cell cycle progress was the most prominent pathway altered after IR in cells from healthy donors. In particular, components of the chromosome passenger complex (INCENP and CDCA8) were significantly downregulated after 72 hours. This could also be verified at the mRNA level.

Conclusion:

Altogether, the most striking result was that proteins forming the chromosome passenger complex were downregulated after radiation exposure in healthy normosensitive control cells, but not in radiosensitive ATM-deficient cells. Thus, mitosis-associated proteins form an interesting compound to gain insights into the development and prediction of radiosensitivity.
Environmental Exposure Inequities Among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Carlisle Nicholas A , MacCarthy Sarah , Burrell Karlie , Wickliffe Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Despite growing attention and guiding frameworks, we still know very little about how environmental exposures may be contributing to the health inequities experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, especially exposures beyond psycho-behavioral mechanisms that have traditionally been viewed as the pathways between minority stress and negative health outcomes. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a scoping review to determine the extent to which disparities in environmental exposures between SGM and non-SGM (ie, heterosexual and cisgender) populations have been measured in the United States. We searched PubMed for studies that were (1) peer-reviewed; (2) written in English; (3) quantitatively measured environmental exposures; (4) included 1 or more groups identifying as a sexual minority, gender minority, or both; (5) compared to the general population; (6) in the United States; and (7) published on or after January 1, 2011. Our scoping review identified very few studies that examined and documented environmental exposure disparities between SGM and non-SGM populations in the United States. These studies focused mostly on cigarette smoke exposures. None examined environmental exposure disparities between gender minority and cisgender populations. To address this critical gap in environmental health research for SGM populations in the short term, researchers can merge existing environmental data (eg, data from the Environmental Protection Agency) with SGM population data. Longer-term solutions require systematically including validated sexual orientation and gender identity measures across federal, state, and local datasets, as well as increased funding for original research that explores diverse environmental exposures. Taken together, these efforts can significantly advance our ability to identify and address environmental health inequities experienced by SGM people.
Study on meshing and dynamic characteristics of herringbone gear pair considering tooth surface wear and modification
Authors: Zou Haoran , Wang Sanmin , Chen Peng , Liu Linlin
Published: October 2024

Due to errors and tooth surface wear of herringbone gear is inevitable. And tooth surface modification is the key technology to improve gear performance. Therefore, this paper studies the influence of tooth surface uneven wear and modification on herringbone gear pair's meshing and dynamic characteristics with errors. Firstly, herringbone gear pair meshing characteristic analysis model based on discrete tooth surface is established. Secondly, herringbone gear pair bending-torsion coupling dynamic characteristic analysis model considering friction is established, and the dynamic frictional force analysis process is given. Thirdly, combined with Archard's wear theory, the tooth surface uneven wear amount is obtained. The tooth surface uneven wear amount is substituted into meshing matrix as a tooth surface deviation. Finally, the meshing and dynamic characteristics of herringbone gear pair considering tooth surface wear and modification are studied by using the established analysis model of meshing characteristics and dynamic characteristics. The calculation results show that without tooth surface modification, tooth surface wear will deteriorate the meshing and dynamic characteristics rapidly. However, reasonable tooth surface modification can effectively improve meshing and dynamic characteristics of gear pair, so that the gear pair can still maintain stable transmission under wear condition.
Evaluation of arterial spin labeling in the diagnosis and monitoring of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis
Authors: Shibahara Tomoya , Yamanaka Kei , Matsuoka Mikiaki , Tachibana Masaki , Kuroda Junya , Nakane Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated disorders are inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) is characterized by cortical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity with seizures and headaches. We report two cases of MOG antibody–associated CCE (MOG-CCE) evaluated using serial MRI sequences, including arterial spin labeling (ASL), pre- and posttreatment. In both patients, ASL demonstrated hyperperfusion correlating with disease activity, which normalized following steroid therapy. Our cases highlight the usefulness of ASL in early detection, monitoring, and assessment of treatment response in MOG-CCE.
What factors contribute to the proficiency of young EFL learners in primary school? Assessing the role of CLIL intensity, extramural English, non-verbal intelligence and socioeconomic status
Authors: Lázaro-Ibarrola Amparo
Published: October 2024

Although multiple factors influence language proficiency in instructed settings, the prevalence of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) research in recent decades has placed intensity of exposure (via CLIL lessons) at center stage, sidelining other variables. This study aims to rectify this by examining the impact of CLIL alongside three additional factors: extramural English (EE), socioeconomic status (SES), and non-verbal intelligence (NVI). Specifically, this study analyses the interplay of these variables in the proficiency of 171 young English learners (aged 10–11 years) in Navarre, Spain. The participants were divided into a low-intensity (LI) ( n = 54) group and a high-intensity (HI) ( n = 117) group depending on exposure to English in school. Results indicate that HI learners are superior in reading, and even more clearly in speaking. EE is very frequent in both groups but more abundant among HI learners, and it shows several positive associations with learners’ scores. Higher NVI levels positively correlate with all skills in both groups, except for speaking, which appears to be affected by EE and, to a lesser extent, by SES.
Help-seeking intentions and depression treatment beliefs amongst Sri Lankan Australians: A survey following a mental health literacy framework
Authors: Daluwatta Amanda , Fletcher Kathryn , Ludlow Chris , Murray Greg
Published: October 2024

There is evidence that Asian migrants in Australia may be relatively reluctant to seek professional help for depression. Reluctance may be related to poor mental health literacy, including limited knowledge of help-seeking options and treatments, and a preference to seek help from informal networks. This study investigated Sri Lankan Australians’ knowledge about managing depression by examining their hypothetical help-seeking intentions and perceptions about interventions and help-providers’ helpfulness. Following Jorm's mental health literacy framework, participants ( N = 374) were presented with a vignette of a Sri Lankan Australian exhibiting symptomatology consistent with Major Depressive Disorder, and asked to indicate their intentions to seek help by responding to the question: “If you had Mr Silva's problem, what would you do?”. Participants also rated the likely helpfulness of various professional and informal helpers and interventions in addressing a problem akin to Mr Silva’s. Participants reported being likely to seek help from GPs (35.8%), psychologists (25.7%) and friends (24.3%). Additionally, those who intended to seek informal help were significantly less likely to seek professional help, and vice versa. Furthermore, psychologists (94.1%), counsellors (93.3%), close friends (92.5%) and compatriots (91.4%) were most frequently categorised as helpful. Given participants’ high endorsement of psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, and self-help strategies such as engaging in enjoyable activities, it would be helpful for clinicians to emphasise the benefits of these interventions for managing depression. Additionally, recognising some participants’ inclination towards religious practices and helpers, clinicians can consider integrating these help-seeking behaviours into therapeutic approaches. Future research is warranted to examine the predictors of help-seeking intentions.
Getting by with a little help from my antiracist White friends: Can White antiracism counteract the demobilizing effect of positive contact?
Authors: Chamberlin Kristina G. , Plant E. Ashby
Published: October 2024

Recent research indicates that positive intergroup contact with advantaged groups (e.g., White Americans) may decrease ingroup collective action amongst marginalized groups (e.g., Black, Hispanic/Latinx Americans). However, we hypothesized that seeing White Americans—and specifically one’s friends—as antiracists who actively oppose racial inequality could boost collective action in marginalized groups, counteracting this effect. Four studies and an internal meta-analysis revealed that positive contact was associated with less collective action, but perceiving one’s White friends as antiracist was associated with greater engagement. This effect was specific to White friends; perceiving White people as antiracist was not mobilizing. Further, anger about inequality and movement identification (social identity model of collective action [SIMCA]) mediated these associations. This research reveals that although positive contact can be demobilizing for marginalized racial groups, Whites’ vocal allyship within intergroup friendships can enhance social change behaviors.
Response of safety belt webbing used for formula student race car in a frontal collision
Authors: Vlase Sorin , Itu Calin , Marin Marin , Öchsner Andreas , Toderita-Santean Ana
Published: October 2024

A particularly important element for ensuring the passive safety of a vehicle is the seat belt. In automotive engineering, the study of this subassembly is given special attention, because it plays a key role among the multiple safety systems, active and passive, that currently equip a vehicle. The paper studies several ways in which belt webbing can be damaged during use and how these defects can influence the behavior of the webbing. For this purpose, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on a mechanical model that considers the vehicle-driver-seat belt assembly, the forces that appear in the seat belt in the event of a frontal collision are determined. Experimental determinations carried out in the laboratory by the authors provide the mechanical properties modified following the failures. By introducing these mechanical properties into the developed model, it will be determined how the safety belt webbing responds in the event of a collision with a wall. A comparison is made between the behavior of the “new state” belt and one with defects in order to estimate the damage that can be caused by the appearance of the defects considered in the work.
Design method for individualised 3D printed lattice shoe midsoles
Authors: Hössinger-Kalteis Anna , Lackner Michael , Major Zoltán , Karayagiz Fatma , Nopper Hans , Lück Thomas
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing has enabled the production of individualised 3D printed shoe soles with improved properties. A promising approach is to use lattice structures that have high energy absorption properties and low weight. A design method of a cellular shoe midsole with optimised strut diameters of lattice structures is proposed. The shoe sole model is obtained by re-modelling a 3D scan of a foot to ensure a customised fit. The optimisation of strut thicknesses is based on a simplified stress distribution acting on the shoe sole during walking or running, using finite element simulations. Therefore, the optimal strut thickness for each region of the sole can be determined and adjusted. Two types of lattice structures with different topology and thus significant variations in stiffness are chosen, resulting in a wide range of required strut thicknesses. The developed design process allowed for the creation of a 3D printed shoe sole with improved strut thicknesses and a customised fit. The resulting cellular shoe soles are additively manufactured and experimental compressive tests are conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviour and differences between the shoe soles with the corresponding lattice types. The results show that both shoe soles have a similar behaviour under compression. The design tool developed has the potential to improve foot health and comfort, especially for people with foot problems, as all parameters affecting the performance of a shoe sole can be adjusted. However, more research is needed to fully understand the durability and performance of these shoe soles in real-world conditions.