bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritive and sensory value assessment of smoked dried catfishes from two indigenous markets in Benue state, Nigeria
Authors: Chiaaondo Ikyo Benjamin , Henry Okoroafor Chinedu , Fanyam Umawam Samuel
Published: August 2023

Nutritional assessment of processed fish is needed to ensure that such products sold in the local communities are safe for human consumption. Present study aimed at evaluating the nutritional quality of selected catfishes, namely, Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus spp and Synodontis spp from Abinsi and Wadata fish markets in Benue State, Nigeria. Samples of smoked catfish each weighing approximately 500 g were sourced from Abinsi and Wadata fish markets, and packaged using foil paper and polythene bags. The smoked fish samples were analysed to determine organoleptic qualities, proximate and mineral composition. The results of the study revealed a significant (p<0.05) variation in proximate and mineral composition of the three smoked catfishes between the two markets. The percentage moisture content for the three species of catfish ranged from 8.19 ± 0.031 to 10.34 ± 0.035%. Synodontis spp. from Abinsi market had the least moisture content (8.19 ± 0.031%) while Heterobranchus spp. from Wadata market had the highest moisture content (10.34 ± 0.035%). Protein content of the three species ranged from 55.80 ± 0.060 to 68.97 ± 0.125%. C. gariepinus from Wadata market had the highest protein content (68.97 ± 0.125%). The lipid content of the fish ranged from 10.37 ± 0.023 to 22.68 ± 0.035. The most abundant mineral was Potassium (K) and was more abundant in C. gariepinus from Wadata market which had the highest K content (410.15 ± 0.895 mg/100 g). Heterobranchus spp. had the highest Calcium (Ca) content (395.48 ± 0.499 mg/100 g), Sodium (Na) (39.84 ± 0.045 mg/100 g) and Zinc (Zn) (0.80 ± 0.015 mg/100 g) while the highest concentration (12.0 ± 0.093 mg/100 g) of Iron (Fe) was recorded in Synodontis spp. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Fe in the three species across the markets were well above WHO permissible limits of 20-30 ppm, 30-100 ppm and 50-100 ppm respectively. The smoked catfishes retained good scores for taste, appearance, texture, and odour. However, there was significant (p < 0.05) differences in taste, appearance, texture, and odour for Heterobranchus spp., C. gariepinus and Synodontis spp in Abinsi and Wadata markets.
Peri-Ictal Heart Rate Changes in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Uludag IF , Tumer O , Sener U
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Heart rate (HR) changes associated with seizures are promising biomarkers in epilepsy.

Aims:

The aim of our study is to reveal possible HR changes in the peri-ictal period.

Methods:

Long-term video-EEG monitorization records of generalized and focal epilepsy patients were reviewed. HRs were calculated in the pre-ictal (2 min before the first seizure activity in EEG), ictal (the time from the first seizure activity on the EEG to the end of the seizure), and in the interictal period (at least 2 h before or 12 h after the seizure). Interictal, pre-ictal, and ictal HRs were compared with each other. In addition, it was investigated whether peri-ictal HR changes differ between generalized and focal seizure patients.

Results:

Focal motor seizures were observed in 21, and generalized tonic–clonic seizures were observed in 18 of 39 (22 female and 17 male) patients studied. HRs in the pre-ictal and ictal periods were significantly higher than in the interictal period. This significant increase in HR was validated separately in both focal and generalized seizure groups and was not different between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Our study supports previous studies showing the presence of increased peri-ictal HR and also provides new insights by comparing focal and generalized motor seizures. We think that our findings may contribute to the development of early warning signs in epilepsy patients.
The Association between Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in an Insulin-Resistant Population in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yildiz S , Sonmez GM , Komuroglu AU , Alay M
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

In insulin resistance (IR), it is thought that pancreatic fat accumulation may decrease pancreatic volume, cause an impaired endocrine function, and simultaneously lead to an exocrine dysfunction before diabetes develops.

Aim:

The association between pancreatic exocrine function and insulin resistance (IR) was assessed in a population with insulin resistance.

Method:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included 43 IR cases with no other comorbid diseases or pregnancy and 41 healthy controls. Fasting blood adiponectin, leptin, pancreatic amylase, lipase, and stool fecal elastase-1 (FE-1) were studied and compared in both groups.

Results:

The IR group consisted of 38 females (88.3%) and five males (11.6%), while the control group consisted of 31 females (75.6%) and ten males (24.3%). FE-1 levels were significantly lower in the IR group (P-value <0.01). Blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the IR group than in the control (P-value of <0.01, <0.01, <0.01, respectively). Leptin levels were significantly higher in the IR group compared to the controls (P-value = 0.013). After dividing the whole group (n: 84) into two groups as FE-1 <200 μg/g (n: 61) and FE-1 ≥200 μg/g (n: 23), logistic regression analysis was performed; the significant predictor of low FE-1 was HOMA-IR (ODD ratio: 4.27, P-value <0.01, 95% confidence interval for ODD ratio: 1.95–9.30).

Conclusion:

This study showed that IR is associated with pancreatic exocrine dysfunction.
Prevalence of Odontogenic Cysts in a Group of Libyan Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Buaoud MM , Musrati A , Hagström J
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Odontogenic cysts (OCs) are commonly encountered lesions affecting the human jaws having special clinical and radiographic features depending on cyst type. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic jaw cysts in a Libyan population in Benghazi and to compare these data with previously published reports from Libyan and other geographic areas.

Materials and Methods:

This is a descriptive study where screening of 2189 biopsies (retrieved from the archives of The Department of Oral Pathology/University of Benghazi, Libya) was performed for the sake of recognizing the three cysts chosen for the purpose of this study.

Results:

Out of the screened lesions, 276 cases (12.6%) were diagnosed as odontogenic cysts in the period from 2006 to 2019. Of those, 67.39% were inflammatory and 32.61% were developmental in nature. Radicular cysts (60.5%) were the most frequent cysts followed by dentigerous cysts (14.8%) and keratocysts (14.5%). The mean ages of the patients were 32.3, 29.7, and 33.2 years, respectively. Occurrence of the cysts was noticed more in the maxilla than in the mandible (1.3:1). The overall male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of odontogenic cysts was similar to that reported in a previous study in Libya and other countries irrespective to WHO (2017) classification of odontogenic cysts.
Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence System for the Diagnosis of Apical Periodontitis on Digital Panoramic Images
Authors: İçöz D , Terzioğlu H , Özel MA , Karakurt R
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) system in the detection of roots with apical periodontitis (AP) on digital panoramic radiographs.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred and six panoramic radiographs containing 400 roots with AP (an equal number for both jaws) were used to test the diagnostic performance of an AI system. Panoramic radiographs of the patients were selected with the terms ‘apical lesion’ and ‘apical periodontitis’ from the archive and then with the agreement of two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The radiologists also carried out the grouping and determination of the lesion borders. A deep learning (DL) model was built and the diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated by using recall, precision, and F measure.

Results:

The recall, precision, and F-measure scores were 0.98, 0.56, and 0.71, respectively. While the number of roots with AP detected correctly in the mandible was 169 of 200 roots, it was only 56 of 200 roots in the maxilla. Only four roots without AP were incorrectly identified as those with AP.

Conclusions:

The DL method developed for the automatic detection of AP on digital panoramic radiographs showed high recall, precision, and F measure values for the mandible, but low values for the maxilla, especially for the widened periodontal ligament (PL)/uncertain AP.
Frequency of Thyroid Pathologies in the Central Black Sea Region: Ultrasound-Based Field Study
Authors: Aktaş F , Demir O
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Thyroid pathologies are very common diseases. The most common thyroid pathologies are goiter and thyroid nodules. Thyroid ultrasonography is the most widely used examination method in the evaluation of thyroid pathologies. The aim of this field study is to determine the frequency of thyroid pathologies in the province of Tokat and to evaluate its relationship with some factors such as gender and dietary habits.

Materials and Methods:

In this population-based prospective study, thyroid US examination was performed on a total of 822 patients. The examination procedure was carried out by one radiologist with at least 10 years of experience. During the examination, thyroid dimensions, parenchyma echo, presence of nodule, echo if any, number, size, and localization were evaluated. The relationships between thyroid pathologies and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases in the participants were evaluated.

Results:

Up to 45.2% (n = 372) of the participants were male and 54.8% (n = 417) were female. The ages of the participants ranged from 20 to 87 years. The mean age of the participants was 47.2. Up to 9.8% of the participants had an increase in thyroid size, defined as goiter. Parenchyma was homogeneous in 72.1% of the participants and heterogeneous in 27.9%. Thyroid nodules were present in the thyroid gland in 40.8% of the participants. There was a statistically significant relationship between thyroid pathologies and female gender, age, and obesity.

Conclusion:

Thyroid diseases show regional differences. Older age, female gender, and obesity increase the frequency of thyroid pathologies.
Midline Catheters in the Operating Room
Authors: Lee MO , Lee SK , Song YG
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Backgrounds:

Among various vascular access devices, midline catheters (MCs) are commonly used in emergency departments, but rarely in operating rooms.

Aims:

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of MCs in the operating room.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study. The medical records of patients who underwent MC placement in the operating room from October 2020 to July 2022 were reviewed. The rates of successful catheter insertion as well as major and minor complications were assessed.

Results:

Successful catheter insertions were achieved in 149 of 161 patients (92.5%). The median dwell time of midlines was eight days (IQR: 6–10 days). A major or minor complication occurred in 6.7% of the midlines. The rates of major complications of occlusion, upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and catheter-related bloodstream infection were 1.3%, 0.7%, and 0%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Placement of MCs in the operating room was feasible and safe. Also, the procedure provides an acceptable alternative for replacing central line catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters.
Neuro-Behçet’s Disease Presenting with Acute Psychosis: A Case Report
Authors: Dolapoglu N , Kahya N
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent episodes of oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions, ocular lesions, and other manifestations. This disease affects many organs and systems and shows a wide range of clinical manifestations. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and general psychiatric symptoms is higher among patients with BD compared with healthy individuals. However, syndromes such as psychosis appear to be less frequent. Therefore, we present a case of BD complicated by schizophrenia-like symptoms.
Uranium distribution and its correlation with geochemical parameters in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Menaria Tejpal , Rathore Devendra Singh , Tiwari Shailesh Nath , Patra Akhaya Kumar , Saradhi I. V. , Kumar A. Vinod
Published: August 2023

Water samples collected from water resources in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan were processed radiochemically to evaluate uranium concentration along with associated geochemical parameters. LED fluorimetry was used to measure uranium concentration, while multi-parameter kits were used to evaluate the geochemical parameters. The mean uranium concentration was 14.0 ± 11.4 μgL−1 in the premonsoon period and 16.3 ± 13.2 μgL−1 in the postmonsoon period, which was found to be within the limit of 30 μgL−1, as recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2021). Geochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), oxidation reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, hardness, and alkalinity ranged from 7.1–9.4, 226–4540 μScm−1, 125–2630 ppm, 149–287 mV, 9.1–11.4 ppm, 14–690 ppm, 0.1–2.2 ppm, 12–181 ppm, 135–990 ppm, and 129–1266 ppm, respectively. TDS, hardness, alkalinity, and nitrate were observed to be higher than the BIS limit at some locations. Maximum geochemical parameters were within the guidance limit for drinking water (BIS, 2012) excluding nitrate. The distribution of geochemical parameters and uranium content were vastly heterogeneous, signifying the influence of regional lithology and geochemistry.
Uncertainty in estimated intake for routine lung monitoring of Pu/Am
Authors: Nadar Minal Y. , Halder Sushanta , Mishra Lokpati , Akar Deepak K. , Singh Indrasen S. , Sawant Pramilla D.
Published: August 2023

In routine monitoring of radiation workers to detect internal contamination due to Pu/Am, it is assumed that intake has occurred at the midpoint of the monitoring interval. Radiation worker is normally monitored at the end of the annual monitoring interval, within a span of ±1 month under a routine in vivo monitoring program. An uncertainty is introduced in intake estimation as the time of intake can vary over the entire monitoring interval. In this work, uncertainties introduced in the intake estimation of Type M and S compounds of Pu/Am are evaluated due to unknown time of intake for annual and biennial monitoring frequency.
Variation of annual indoor and outdoor gamma dose rate in the lower Himalayan region of Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sharma Sumit , Kumar Ajay , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

The exposure from natural sources of radiation imparts a major contribution to doses, both due to external and internal exposures that would be received by members of public, and its levels rely upon the lithology, altitude, and building construction materials. The measurement results of ambient indoor and outdoor radiation levels at 28 locations (villages) of Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir, India, are presented. The ambient radiation levels were measured utilizing a portable gamma survey meter. For the outdoor environment, the minimum and maximum gamma dose rates were 0.09 and 0.29 μSv/h, whereas, at indoors, the minimum and maximum gamma dose rates were 0.08 and 0.22 μSv/h, respectively. Impact of elevation (height above sea level) on radiation levels has been investigated, and it revealed a weak positive relationship with altitude. Effects of lithology on indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates have likewise been investigated. The average annual effective dose value due to ambient radiation levels was well within the world average values.
Factors influencing the employment intention of private college graduates based on robot control system design
Authors: Zhang Le , Liu Juan , Feng Xia , Li Yan Hui , Zhu Le Mei
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Robotics is currently the most cutting-edge international science and technology, as well as a high-value-added core technology. Robots are widely used in a variety of industrial fields, as a new direction in the development of robotics, and play an important role in solving the current employment problems in China.
OBJECTIVES: This paper combines its research results, introduces the machine learning method in the robot control system, and establishes the employment index system in the robot working environment by combining the employment factors with the environmental relationship analysis.
METHODS: This paper combines its research results, introduces the machine learning method in the robot control system, and establishes the employment index system in the robot working environment by combining the employment factors with the environmental relationship analysis.
RESULTS: The study found that the willingness of university students to choose a job gradually increases as their education level rises; the lower the level of education, the weaker their willingness to look for a job; the higher the level of education the more sensitive they are to the quality of education and educational specialities, the higher their willingness to work.
CONCLUSION: Based on the robot control system design the factors that have an impact on the environment in real economic activities (e.g., age, gender, occupation, education level, etc.) play a role in promoting the future application and development of robotics in China.
Mechanical Design Method and Joint Simulation Analysis of Industrial Robots Based on Trajectory Planning Algorithm and Kinematics
Authors: Feng Fang , Wang Ning , Du Qing
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: At present, the development level of industrial robots is getting higher and higher, but the research on the involvement of high-level industrial robots as well as trajectory planning algorithms in China is limited. It is increasingly important to integrate the theory of kinematics in the development of industrial robots. Some industrial robots have welding, assembly and other characteristics, and play an immeasurable role in national defence, manufacturing and other fields.
OBJECTIVES: With the development of China's industry, the manufacturing industry is changing from traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing. Industrial robots have become an important tool for "intelligent manufacturing" and an important strategic emerging industry to improve the adaptability and competitiveness of the industrial market.
METHODS: This paper provides an in-depth study of the mechanical design methodology and joint simulation analysis of industrial robots based on trajectory planning algorithms and kinematics.
RESULTS: Research on intelligent observation, virtual reality flight trajectory and autonomous real-time flight trajectory design based on flight trajectory machines, which have made important contributions to the improvement of flight trajectory design. The wide application of industrial robots provides good development opportunities and broad market demand for industrial robot design.
CONCLUSION: Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has made significant progress in machinery, standardization, automation, informatization and other aspects of industrial production, but the development of China's manufacturing industry faces the problem of labour shortage. An effective way to solve this problem is to innovate, update and modernize the manufacturing industry.
CARACTERIZACION DE LA INNOVACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS Y ESTRATEGIAS DE PROMOCIÓN EN EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS GASTRONÓMICAS EN VALDIVIA
Authors: Angulo-Nilián Bárbara , Patiño-Carpezat Natalia , Quidiante-Andrade Viviana , Risco-Soto Carla , Sandoval-Cárdenas Javier , Gutiérrez-Vega Cecilia
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda la innovación en las empresas gastronómicas que operan en la ciudad de Valdivia y que han decidido reinventarse causa de la pandemia Covid-19. El estudio busca realizar un diagnóstico de la innovación de productos y herramientas de promoción de empresas gastronómicas. A través de la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuras, los resultados evidencian un cambio en el comportamiento de estas empresas frente a la aparición de escenarios adversos en el mercado.
EL PROCESO DE TURISTIZACIÓN EN BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO, OAXACA, MÉXICO
Authors: Esquivel-Ríos Rocío , Martínez-Sánchez Araceli , Villaseñor-Ramírez María M.
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad identificar el proceso de turistización que se ha dado en Bahías de Huatulco. Entendiendo que este término es relativamente nuevo y poco usado en México, lo cual se considera una ventana de oportunidad para crear un parteaguas en el tema.Huatulco siendo un desarrollo turístico creado por FONATUR (Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo) ha ido creciendo paulatinamente desplazando a la comunidad receptora, dando prioridad a los turistas en casi todos los sentidos, generando con ello diversos fenómenos sociales, como es la turismofobia y la turistización.Es por ello que el presente documento tiene como finalidad mostrar la forma en que el turismo ha cobrado tanta importancia para el destino quedando en segundo término la comunidad receptora.El diseño de esta investigación es considerado de tipo no experimental derivado de la no manipulación intencionada de las variables.Al mismo tiempo es de carácter longitudinal de evolución debido a que se recaba información con respecto a las actividades dirigidas a turistas y comunidad receptora desde el inicio del CIP. Así como el comportamiento de la afluencia de turistas al destino desde el año 2010. Dentro de los principales hallazgos obtenidos se pueden mencionar que se identificó un notable crecimiento de las festividades y celebraciones encaminadas a erradicar la estacionalidad de la actividad turística en el destino. Estas actividades son en su mayoría de orden deportivo. Con respecto a la infraestructura y equipamiento de la ciudad, se pudo notar una mejoría en la limpieza de la ciudad en general, la recolección de basura y la obtención de certificaciones de playas limpias. Aunque por otro lado se observó el fenómeno de gentrificación en una etapa inicial.
RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL Y ÉTICA EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES CON MIRA A LA SOSTENIBILIDAD
Authors: Steiner Vera L.
Published: August 2023

El tema de la responsabilidad social empresarial ha sido discutido con mayor intensidad en las últimas décadas y se intensificó con Rio+20. A través de acciones ESG, que en Brasil se tradujo como RSE - Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, las organizaciones pueden volverse sostenibles a través de acciones voluntarias en relación con el medio ambiente y el lugar donde se insertan, aportando una valorización de la mano de obra local, mitigando los impactos de su instalación. y encontrar los mejores indicadores para su autoevaluación en materia de sostenibilidad. El problema de esta investigación es analizar cómo las organizaciones deben actuar responsablemente con ética y transparencia para buscar la sustentabilidad. Así, el objetivo general de este estudio es analizar si la empresa turística que adopta la Responsabilidad Ambiental, Social y de Gobierno (ESG) o traducida a Responsabilidad Social Corporativa o Empresarial, utilizando la ética empresarial puede alcanzar la sostenibilidad. La metodología utilizada para el logro de los objetivos es bibliográfica y descriptiva con carácter exploratorio, con un enfoque cualitativo. La relevancia de esta investigación radica sin duda en que las empresas necesitan superar el concepto reduccionista de desarrollo económico e insertarse en una interacción con el medio ambiente de forma ética, y ambos conceptos buscan un fin común: la preservación de la naturaleza para las generaciones futuras. Además, la sustentabilidad debe ser pluridimensional, abarcando aspectos sociales, éticos, jurídico-políticos, económicos y ambientales. Como resultado de la investigación se pode extraer que la responsabilidad social empresarial en las organizaciones del sector turístico es algo que se difundirá mucho, pero es fundamental que las acciones estén guiadas por la ética, ya sea en proyectos, políticas internas y externas, para que esta preocupación no sea algo pasajero, pero de hoja perenne.
UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA DAS VANTAGENS E DESVANTAGENS DA INCLUSÃO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL (IA) NO ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Figueirôa Lindalva Mendonça de
Published: August 2023

A evolução tecnológica, especificamente, a Inteligência Artificial (IA) tem colaborado expressivamente para mudanças em quase todas as dimensões da nossa sociedade, principalmente, no nicho educacional e, consequentemente, no ensino a distância. E, tais evoluções exigem transformações significativas, especialmente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem entre professor e aluno, de forma a minimizar as desvantagens e os desafios da tutoria virtual oriunda de um docente e/ou de uma IA. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as vantagens, desvantagens e os novos desafios da educação a distância (EaD) ministrados pela Inteligência Artificial (IA), bem como as razões e causas para sua operacionalidade. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada no método dedutivo, resultante do processo da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre a temática. Como resultado, observou-se que a literatura especializada tem destacado a enorme vantagem do uso de IA no EaD, devido aos enormes benefícios para os intervenientes direitos do processo de ensino-aprendizagem a qualquer hora do dia, ou seja, amparo educacional da instituição, dos tutores para os alunos, sem restrição. No entanto, conclui-se que o uso desse sistema ainda necessite de adaptações para se adequar aos diferentes tipos de estudantes e suas necessidades educacionais, além da execução eficaz no processo de incorporação da IA em ambientes virtuais, bem como, a consolidação da relevância no processo de inovação das relações de ensino-aprendizagem com IAs.
Feasibility Study of Wastewater Treatment by Soil Aquifer System
Authors: K T Nimna Nasar , P Harsha
Published: August 2023

The treatment of wastewater is very important before disposal into various water bodies. But, the sustainability of the water treatment method is challenging for the environment. Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) is a controlled aquifer recharge system that further improves the quality of the feed water as it passes through the soil. This paper provides an overview of SAT systems for wastewater treatment and reuse. Wastewater samples are collected from the college canteen. Initially, canteen wastewater without pre-treatment was analyzed after that pre-treatment such as coagulation using neem leaves powder was carried out for canteen wastewater and then introduced into SAT system. The results concluded that sandy loam soil was better than clayed soil for magnesium and sodium removal through SAT and sandy soil was not recommended for Magnesium and Sodium removal. Sandy soil was better than clayed soil for zinc and Iron removal through SAT system and sandy loam soil was not recommended for zinc and iron removal.
Relações entre as exportações e as restrições financeiras das empresas industriais do setor têxtil português
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia , Silva Armando
Published: August 2023

Este artigo verifica qual a relação existente entre exportações e restrições financeiras das empresas industriais do setor têxtil português no período de 1996-2003. Pretende-se averiguar qual o score de restrições financeiras sentidas pelas empresas da amostra, avaliar até que ponto as restrições financeiras são ou não um entrave ao início da atividade exportadora e verificar se o início das exportações efetivamente melhora a saúde financeira das empresas. A metodologia escolhida para a medição das restrições financeiras passou pela criação de um score financeiro, na sequência da proposta de Musso e Schiavo (2008); o teste das hipóteses é feito com recurso a regressões. Dos resultados obtidos, sugere-se a ideia de que existe, de facto, a auto-seleção das empresas menos restringidas financeiramente para a futura atividade exportadora e ainda que as novas empresas exportadoras mostram melhorias na sua situação financeira após o início dessa atividade.
Consumo e excreção de cálcio em idosos institucionalizados do concelho de Bragança
Authors: Gonçalves Ana , Oliveira Andreia , Pereira António , Delindro Jerusa , Fernandes António , Almeida-de-Souza Juliana
Published: August 2023

Este estudo pretendeu verificar a relação da ingestão de cálcio, sódio e proteína com a excreção urinária de cálcio, bem como investigar se idosos com patologias apresentam diferenças na calciúria. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico com base numa amostra inicial de residentes em lares do concelho de Bragança. Recolheram-se os dados pessoais, antropométricos bem como informação acerca da existência de patologias. Para estimar o consumo de micro e macronutrientes foi aplicado um recordatório de 24 horas e para a avaliação da calciúria foram recolhidas amostras da urina de 24 horas. O tratamento dos dados envolveu o uso do SPSS 21.0 e dos testes de Wilcoxon, Spearman e Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos idosos consome sódio e proteína acima do recomendado e cálcio abaixo do recomendado. As patologias não se mostraram relacionadas com a calciúria. Verificou-se, igualmente, que o consumo e a excreção de cálcio não estavam correlacionados. O estudo da associação entre a calciúria e o consumo de proteína e sódio revelou a existência de correlações positivas, embora fracas. Conclui-se que, para além de controlar a ingestão de cálcio em idosos institucionalizados, torna-se necessário adequar o consumo de sódio e proteína aos valores recomendados, de forma a minimizar as perdas de cálcio na urina.
E-learning no ensino superior aplicado a uma unidade curricular em turismo
Authors: Cascada Pedro , Sousa Carlos , Ramos Célia , Correia Marisol
Published: August 2023

No panorama do ensino superior português, a adoção do ensino à distância, através da utilização de ferramentas e estratégias de e-learning, b-learning e/ou m-learning, continuará progressivamente a ser considerado pelas universidades portuguesas, como complemento ao ensino presencial. Esta realidade permitirá a ocorrência de alterações profundas nas práticas de ensino, a otimização de custos e um melhor aproveitamento das potencialidades das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Neste trabalho pretende-se caracterizar o ensino à distância, efetuar a descrição dos métodos de ensino relacionados e equacionar as vantagens da sua utilização. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido através de um questionário (online) aplicado a estudantes de uma unidade curricular do ensino superior português. A investigação realizada permite concluir que existem condições para aumentar o uso do e-learning, uma vez que atualmente, a grande maioria dos estudantes teêm computador em casa com ligação à internet. Por outro lado, os alunos estão cientes da importância destas novas ferramentas e estratégias de e-learning, como complemento à formação presencial.
A arruda na hipercolesterolemia: informações e relevância etnobotânica na investigação pré-clínica
Authors: Alonso Jessica , Clemente Jorge , Santos Paulo , Ventura Sandra
Published: August 2023

As doenças cardiovasculares são responsáveis por cerca de 30% das mortes em Portugal. Sendo a hipercolesterolemia um fator de risco cardiovascular, a monitorização dos níveis de colesterol torna-se fundamental na prevenção de complicações cardiovasculares. Na fitoterapia, uma das utilizações da Arruda (Ruta graveolens) é no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação do conhecimento dos indivíduos inquiridos relativamente à utilização da Arruda no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia, através da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário. Do total de inquiridos, 44% conheciam a planta Arruda, 10% referiram ter conhecimento da sua aplicação para fins terapêuticos e 3,6% afirmou utilizar a Arruda no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia. A evidência pré-clínica em modelos animais, suportada pelos dados etnobotânicos, indica um futuro promissor da utilização Arruda para a diminuição dos níveis elevados de colesterol.
Some Aspects of Pashtun Culture
Authors: Pamir Ehsanullah , Waheedi Asadullah , Habib Khalid Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Pashtun culture is a rich and diverse culture that has been shaped by centuries of history and tradition. Often referred to as Pashtunwali, this culture encompasses every aspect of daily life, from social norms and customs to religious practices and cuisine. As an ethnic group, the Pashtun people are primarily located in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are known for their proud and distinctive culture that emphasizes loyalty, hospitality, and respect for the Pashtun code of conduct. A central aspect of Pashtun is the Pashtunwali, which is the traditional code of conduct of the Pashtun people. Derived from the Pashto language, this code emphasizes concepts like courage, honor, and hospitality, and serves as a guide for how Pashtuns should conduct their lives. Hospitality is one of the most valued traits in Pashtun culture, and guests are treated with the utmost respect and care. This tradition dates back to the times of the ancient Silk Road, when traveling merchants of all backgrounds would stop at the Pashtuns' homes and receive food, shelter, and care. Music and dance are also cherished in Pashtun culture, with traditional instruments like the rubab (a lute-like instrument) and tabla (a percussion instrument) used to create melodic and rhythmic pieces. The attan, a traditional dance, is common at weddings, religious festivals, and other celebrations. The Pashtuns are a primarily Muslim community, and religion is deeply ingrained in their culture. Islamic practices like praying five times a day, fasting during Ramadan, and giving to charity are all important parts of life for Pashtuns. However, Pashtunwali also places a strong emphasis on tolerance and respect for other religions, and there is a long history of coexistence between different faiths in the region.
Deteksi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Kopi Arabika Berdasarkan Fitur Warna RGB Menggunakan Sensor TCS3200 Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Rusman Juprianus , Michael Aryo , Pasae Nofrianto
Published: August 2023

Pengolahan buah kopi yang baik mempengaruhi mutu dan kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan. Pengolahan buah kopi meliputi proses sortasi buah dan proses pemisahan kulit buah dengan biji. Proses sortasi buah dilakukan dengan memilah buah kopi berdasarkan tingkat kematangannya. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena tidak seragannya kematangan buah kopi yang dipetik saat panen dan standar yang ditetapkan oleh tengkulak. Petani kopi arabika lokal di Pedamaran melakukan sortasi buah secara konvensional yaitu mengandalkan indra penglihatan. Proses tersebut memiliki kendala yaitu tidak seragamnya tingkat kematangan buah kopi yang dipengaruhi faktor subjektivitas. Warna buah kopi memberikan informasi terkait tingkat kematangannya. Pada penelitian ini, fitur warna buah kopi dideteksi menggunakan sensor TCS3200 dalam ruang warna red, green dan blue (RGB) kemudian diproses menggunakan mikrokontroller Arduino Uno untuk menentukan tingkat kematangannya. Penggunaan sensor TCS3200 untuk mendeteksi tingkat kematangan buah kopi arabika pada sistem yang dibangun memberikan akurasi 71,25%.
The risk factors analysis of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population of district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Jan Sehrish , Riaz Mehreen , Wahab Abdul , Hussain Ahad
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is the major non-contagious, long-lasting epidemic disease caused by abnormal blood glucose levels resulting from the disablement in insulin action and secretion. The objective of the study is to estimate diabetes mellitus and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the population of district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 150 blood samples are collected from March-July 2021. All diabetic patients are screened randomly using a spectrophotometer (Micro Lab 300). At the same time, data regarding subjective information, socioeconomic status, and behavioural risk factors are collected by personal interviews, which are further statistically analysed. Results show that the frequency distribution of diabetes is n= 107 (71.3%) while n= 43 (28.7%) of the total n=150 are normal. Mean±sd of the data is 1.29±0.45. There is a significant association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension (n= 95, 63%, Cl 95%, and P-value 0.041). Hyperglycaemia is n= 109 (72.7% and P-value 0.00), and anxiety/depression is n= 95 (63% and P-value 0.004). Gender, age, education, and smoking (p-value > 0.05) are non-significant risk factors for diabetes. The findings show a significant association among diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and depression.
Which treatment strategy is preferred in the octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome?
Authors: Aydin Gulay , Golcuk Ebru , Bahat Gulistan
Published: August 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of invasive and conservative strategy in the management of octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted after approval from the ethics review committee of University of Health Sciences, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Turkey and comprised data from April 2020 to April 2021 related to octogenarian patients of either gender admitted to University of Health Sciences, Darica Farabi Training and Research Hospital, Turkey with acute coronary syndrome diagnosis. The data was divided into invasive group A and conservative group B. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 168 patients with median age 84(interquartile range: 81-86 years), there were 25(14.9%) in group A; 14(56%) males and 11(44%) females. There were 143(85.1%) patients in group B; 70(49%) males and 73(51%) females. Overall mortality was 111(66.1%); 11(44%) in group A, and 100(69.9%) in group B (p=0.012). Elevated alanine aminotransferase and invasive strategy were independent factors associated with mortality (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The invasive strategy in the management of octogenarian patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome was found to be more efficient compared to the conservative strategy.
Key Words: Octogenarians, Acute coronary syndrome, Mortality.
Self-directed learning and approach to seeking medical evidence: perceptions of students from a private medical university of Karachi
Authors: Naseem Amin Dhedhi  , Faisal Ahmed  , Bushra Rabbani  , Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess self-directed learning among medical students and their approach towards seeking medical evidence.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 30, 2021, to June 30, 2022, at the Baqai Medical University, Karachi, and comprised first to fifth year medical students of either gender. Data was collected using a structured online questionnaire which also included questions from the self-directed learning instrument. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 250 students approached, 159(63.6%) responded were received; 102(64.2%) females and 57(35.8%) males. The overall mean age was 21.78±1.72 years, with 88(54.1%) subjects aged >21 years. Majority 127(79.9%) participants scored above average on the self-directed learning instrument scale, while 131(84.2%) showed satisfactory approach towards evidence-based medicine. Students with better attitude towards self-directed learning were more likely to have satisfactory approach towards evidence-based medicine, but this relationship was not significant (p=0.136).
Conclusion: Medical students were found to be keen to adopt self-directed learning and practice evidence-based medicine though they have not been formally exposed to it.
Key Words: Evidence-based medicine, self-directed learning as topic, Students, Medical.
An atypical presentation of cutaneous myiasis of the scalp in North Punjab: a case report
Authors: Mohsin Amber , Riaz Jibran Nadeem , Nabi Haroon
Published: August 2023

Myiasis is an ectoparasitic infestation caused by larvae of arthropods in the group Diptera. Cutaneous myiasis is the infection of skin and includes the following types: furuncular, migratory and wound myiasis. Out of all the organisms responsible for this disease, Wohlfahrtia vigil is the most common causative agent in Pakistan, usually seen from June to September with nearly all presentations occurring at a young age.
In our case, a patient without a history of trauma, skin erosion or animal exposure has a unique presentation of cutaneous myiasis. Here, an effort was made to treat a 15-year-old otherwise healthy female with a multisegmented treatment modality. A follow up visit was conducted every three days for three months at the end of which a 60% decrease in the size of the open wound was observed.
Keywords: Myiasis, ulcer, Pakistan.
Occupational burnout among obstetrics and gynaecology healthcare professionals in a public hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Sabin , Foong Chan Choong
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess burnout by the extent of exhaustion and disengagement, and to compare the two elements among obstetrics and gynaecology healthcare professionals.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, in July and August, 2020 during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, and comprised healthcare professionals from the obstetrics and gynaecology department. Data was collected online using the 25-item Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 142 individuals approached, 102(71.83%) responded; 55(53.92%) doctors, 43(42.15%) nurses and 4(3.92%) operation theatre technicians. Overall, there were 98(96.1%) females, and 67(65.7%) married subjects.  Mean exhaustion score was 2.53+0.54 and disengagement score was 2.14+0.57. Burnout was found in 40(39.2%) participants, 83(81.4%) were exhausted, 44(43.1%) were disengaged, and 4(3.1%) were disengaged but not exhausted. Participants aged >50 years were significantly more exhausted and disengaged than the younger ones (p<0.05). Those with work hours >60 per week were significantly more exhausted and disengaged than the rest (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Healthcare professionals in obstetrics and gynaecology teams showed considerably high burnout levels during the coronavirus disease-2019pandemic in Pakistan.
Key Words: Burnout, Caregiver exhaustion, Healthcare, Professional, Psychological.
Period Poverty: An added poverty in humanitarian crisis
Authors: Dr Inayat Thaver  , Mariam Ashraf
Published: August 2023

The term 'period poverty' is broadly used, indicating an individual's need for menstrual products without sufficient funds to purchase them (1).  Period poverty is defined as “a lack of access to menstrual products”. More than half of the world's population are menstruating people; therefore in a situation specifically during a humanitarian crisis, high-period poverty becomes challenging (2).
Period poverty, like other types of poverty, is a worldwide issue and it is frequently used when people are unable to access menstrual products due to their low socioeconomic level. These items could include sanitary napkins, inner garments, and other hygiene items.
It can significantly impact an individual's life, but the stigma surrounding periods poses a greater threat to women's health because it discourages people from discussing it. Several factors, including hygiene facilities, waste management, and education, pose physical, mental, and emotional challenges for numerous women. More than half of the world's population menstruates; therefore, high-period poverty becomes a challenge, especially during humanitarian crises (2).
It is usually observed that adolescents and young women are frequently underrepresented populations in humanitarian settings, particularly in times of conflict like forced displacement, armed conflict, or natural catastrophes. Wherever a disaster strikes, search and rescue teams prioritize helping those  evacuated to shelters and supporting efforts to provide basic necessities like food and water. As a result, other urgent needs of displaced populations, particularly displaced girls and women, may be overlooked (4). It has been observed from the global humanitarian crises, that menstruation and hygiene products such as wipes, soaps, and other menstrual products were the most important things they needed at that time (5).
During the recent floods (June- Aug 2022)  in Pakistan, over 33 million people were affected, and over 6.4 million required humanitarian assistance. Approximately 634 thousand people were compelled to reside in camps. Access to healthcare facilities, personnel, and essential medications and medical supplies was restricted (6)More than eight million women of reproductive age  affected by floods took  extreme measures to manage their periods, such as one woman who described how she had to use tree leaves during her period. (7).
Post-disaster relief and rehabilitation operations rarely prioritize the menstrual hygiene needs of women. Nonetheless, there is a growing awareness of the importance of integrating comprehensive, participatory, and gender-sensitive approaches into response programs with a focus on meeting the needs of women (8).
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Battling the social stigma of mental illnesses in Pakistan; what needs to be done?
Authors: Mansoor Noman , Warsi Aimen
Published: August 2023

Dear madam,
Awareness of mental disorders in adolescents is becoming increasingly important in global health and safety concerns, where anxiety disorders play an important role. Mental illnesses, also known as mental health disorders, refer to various mental health conditions that affect mood, thoughts, and behaviour. Examples of mental illnesses include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictive behaviours [1]. Early diagnosis is the key to proper management of these conditions. Over 20 million Pakistanis (10% of the country's population) suffer from mental illness [2]. However, the disorders are not investigated due to the reluctance of patients to visit doctors and psychiatrists, which is attached to the social stigma and cultural barriers to mental health in Pakistan, thereby delaying the diagnosis.
Like other South Asian societies where mental illnesses are thought to be linked to supernatural and religious phenomena [3], Pakistan’s predominantly conservative and orthodox communities are also dominated by similar beliefs. . A person with emotional symptoms is seen as a sign of weak faith. In traditional societies, mental illnesses are sometimes viewed as a result of social or moral transgression and is thought of as divine punishment, demonic possession, or witchcraft [4] [3]. The mentally ill are also perceived as dangerous, crazy, and incapable of friendship. This belief might also cause more social distancing and contribute to stigmatizing attitudes and stereotyping. When living in a society with these perceptions, the mentally ill often face shame and social exclusion [5]. The social impact of this stigma affects patients and threatens the entire social status of their families [5].
The fact that one's beliefs, religion, and morality are separate from their health must be embedded in society. The best way to spread this idea is through social media, mass media and awareness campaigns. Radio and television should popularize this idea and also educate people about the warning signs and symptoms of mental illnesses, such as lack of concentration to do something and feelings of invalid fear. Awareness campaigns should be targeted at rural areas where both education and medical care lack. Public presentations and discussions should be encouraged and promoted to increase awareness. Healthcare students as well as well as professionals should be enlightened of the importance of this field and encouraged to pursue their education in it. The social stigma associated with mental illnesses must be addressed and considered.
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