bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Maintaining CD103+ Cancer-Specific T Cells Are Highly Energetic with Rapid Cytotoxic and Effector Responses
Authors: Abd Hamid Megat , Colin-York Huw , Khalid-Alham Nasullah , Browne Molly , Cerundolo Lucia , Chen Ji-Li , Yao Xuan , Rosendo-Machado Samara , Waugh Craig , Maldonado-Perez David , Bowes Emma , Verrill Clare , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Conlon Christopher P. , Fritzsche Marco , Peng Yanchun , Dong Tao
Published: November 2019

Enrichment of CD103+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) is associated with improved outcomes in patients. However, the characteristics of human CD103+ cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) and their role in tumor control remain unclear. We investigated the features and antitumor mechanisms of CD103+ CTLs by assessing T-cell receptor (TCR)–matched CD103+ and CD103− cancer-specific CTL immunity in vitro and its immunophenotype ex vivo. Interestingly, we found that differentiated CD103+ cancer-specific CTLs expressed the active form of TGFβ1 to continually self-regulate CD103 expression, without relying on external TGFβ1-producing cells. The presence of CD103 on CTLs improved TCR antigen sensitivity, which enabled faster cancer recognition and rapid antitumor cytotoxicity. These CD103+ CTLs had elevated energetic potential and faster migration capacity. However, they had increased inhibitory receptor coexpression and elevated T-cell apoptosis following prolonged cancer exposure. Our data provide fundamental insights into the properties of matured human CD103+ cancer-specific CTLs, which could have important implications for future designs of tissue-localized cancer immunotherapy strategies.
Ten-Year Clinical Outcomes of Late-Acquired Stent Malapposition After Coronary Stent Implantation
Authors: Lee Seung-Yul , Ahn Jung-Min , Mintz Gary S. , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Park Duk-Woo , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Park Seung-Jung , Hong Myeong-Ki
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of late-acquired stent malapposition (LASM) on long-term clinical outcomes in patients treated with coronary stent implantation.

Approach and Results:

We investigated major adverse cardiac event during 10 years after 6-month intravascular ultrasound examination using our previous studies database. A total of 732 patients treated with bare-metal stent (54 LASM versus 678 non-LASM) and 529 patients treated with first-generation drug-eluting stent (82 LASM versus 447 non-LASM), who did not have clinical event or censoring at the time of follow-up intravascular ultrasound, were included for the present analysis. major adverse cardiac event was defined as the composite of cardiac death, target vessel–related myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis. Multivariable adjustment and inverse probability weight were performed to consider baseline differences. After multivariable adjustment, LASM was related to a greater risk of major adverse cardiac event (hazard ratio, 1.666 [95% CI, 1.041–2.665];
P
=0.0333) and very-late stent thrombosis (hazard ratio, 3.529 [95% CI, 1.153–10.798];
P
=0.0271) than non-LASM in patients treated with first-generation drug-eluting stent, but not in those treated with bare-metal stent. Results were consistent after inverse probability weight. Among patients with LASM of first-generation drug-eluting stent, no late stent thrombosis occurred in patients who continued to receive dual antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusions:

The relationship between LASM and major adverse cardiac event might depend on the type of implanted stents during the long-term follow-up, highlighting the clinical significance of polymers and drugs in drug-eluting stent system.
Classification of Covert Brain Infarct Subtype and Risk of Death and Vascular Events
Authors: Gutierrez Jose , Gil-Guevara Andrea , Ramaswamy Srinath , DeRosa Janet , Di Tullio Marco R. , Cheung Ken , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Wright Clinton B. , Elkind Mitchell S.V.
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—

To test the hypothesis that covert brain infarcts (CBIs) are more likely to be located in noneloquent brain areas compared with clinical strokes and that CBI etiological subtypes carry a differential risk of vascular events compared with people without CBI.

Methods—

We used brain magnetic resonance imaging from 1290 stroke-free participants in the NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study) to evaluate for CBI. We classified CBI as cardioembolic (ie, known atrial fibrillation), large artery atherosclerosis (extracranial and intracranial), penetrating artery disease, and cryptogenic (no apparent cause). CBI localized in the nonmotor areas of the right hemisphere were considered noneloquent. We then evaluated risk of events by CBI subtype with adjusted Cox proportional models.

Results—

At the time of magnetic resonance imaging, 236 participants (18%) had CBI (144 [61%] distal cryptogenic, 29 [12%] distal cardioembolic, 26 [11%] large artery atherosclerosis, and 37 [16%] penetrating artery disease). Smaller (per mm, odds ratio, 0.8 [0.8–0.9]) and nonbrain stem infarcts (odds ratio, 0.2 [0.1–0.6]) were more likely to be covert. During the follow-up period (10.4±3.1 years), 398 (31%) died (162 [13%] of vascular death) and 117 (9%) had a stroke (99 [85%]) were ischemic. Risks of events varied by CBI subtype, with the highest risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 2.2 [1.3–3.7]) and vascular death (hazard ratio, 2.24 [1.29–3.88]) noted in participants with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis-related CBI.

Conclusions—

CBI can be classified into subtypes that have differential outcomes. Certain CBI subtypes such as those related to intracranial large artery atherosclerosis have a high risk of adverse vascular outcomes and could warrant consideration of treatment trials.
Is Effective Teacher Evaluation Sustainable? Evidence from
District of Columbia Public Schools
Authors: Dee Thomas S. , James Jessalynn , Wyckoff Jim
Published: November 2019

Ten years ago, many policy makers viewed the reform of teacher evaluation as a highly promising mechanism to improve teacher effectiveness and student achievement. Recently, that enthusiasm has dimmed as the available evidence suggests the subsequent reforms had a mixed record of implementation and efficacy. Even in districts where there was evidence of efficacy, the early promise of teacher evaluation may not be sustainable as these systems mature and change. This study examines the evolving design of IMPACT, the teacher evaluation system in the District of Columbia Public Schools. We describe the recent changes to IMPACT, which include higher performance standards for lower-performing teachers and a reduced emphasis on value-added test scores. Descriptive evidence on the dynamics of teacher retention and performance under this redesigned system indicates that lower-performing teachers are particularly likely to either leave or improve. Corresponding causal evidence similarly indicates that imminent dismissal threats for persistently low-performing teachers increased both teacher attrition and the performance of returning teachers. These findings suggest that teacher evaluation can provide a sustained mechanism for improving the quality of teaching.
appendix A: the bio-adapter
Authors: Wiener Oswald
Published: November 2019

Oswald Wiener's narrative text describes the increasing integration of a human being with a cybernetic apparatus that envelops the human body and replaces its previous environment. Presented as a “prospectus” outlining the device's functionality, Wiener's scenario envisions a co-evolution of the machine and its human content in the course of which the latter's consciousness is transferred to electronic circuits and its body decomposed. The process culminates in a fusion of human and machine that allows consciousness to evolve unfettered by any social constraints.
Some Remarks on Konrad Bayer: Dark Romanticism and Surrealism in Postwar Vienna
Authors: Wiener Oswald
Published: November 2019

In “Some Remarks on Konrad Bayer” Oswald Wiener reflects on his deceased friend and collaborator. Arguing that Bayer's personal presence was more influential than his literary work, Wiener focuses on experiments Bayer conducted in his milieu, which aimed at predicting and manipulating the behavior of others. If the other proved hard enough to predict, according to Wiener, such experiments could complicate the participants' representations of the situation to such an extent that they would induce ecstatic states. Wiener connects these experiments to epistemological questions and relates them to different literary and artistic traditions including Dark Romanticism, Surrealism, and dandyism.
Secularities-in-Practice: Accommodating Muslim Pupils and Preserving Danish Identity in Multi-ethnic Danish Schools
Authors: Gilliam Laura
Published: November 2019

This article explores the ideals and practices of moderate secularism characteristic of Danish schools’ approach to Muslim pupils, Islam, and religion in general. It argues that while these reflect the Danish ‘culture of secularity’ (Wohlrab-Sahr & Burchardt 2012), differences in ‘secularities-in-practice’ between schools necessitate a look at the interactional level and institutional context. Drawing on Norbert Elias’ figurational sociology, the article shows how an increase in Muslim pupils changes the webs of interdependencies in the social figuration of teachers, children, and parents in Danish schools and how the schools attempt to maintain institutional practices, civilised interaction, and a Danish identity.
Historic Rights in the South China Sea
Authors: Ye Qiang
Published: November 2019

China has, without challenge, enjoyed and exercised certain rights in the South China Sea throughout recorded history. Those rights do not derive from the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; rather, they exist under customary international law and commonly known as ‘historic rights’. Recent interpretations related to those rights, however, remain highly controversial, which can be typically seen from the South China Sea Arbitration Case initiated by the Philippines against China. This article gives a case-by-case study based on China’s diplomatic positions on historic rights and compares them with certain international practice from an academic perspective; and then it examines the possible content and nature of historic-related rights enjoyed by China in the South China Sea and evaluates its legal implications on the dispute settlement approach in this region.
Historic Fishing Rights in Foreign Exclusive Maritime Zones
Authors: Gupta Sourabh
Published: November 2019

The South China Sea Arbitration is only the fourth case since the entry into force of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to touch on the issue of historic rights – in this case, traditional fishing rights. Traditional or artisanal fishing rights are acquired rights. This article reviews the basis and characteristics of a historic rights claim and compares it with the origin and properties of an entitlement-based fishing rights claim, which the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea mainstreamed into the body of international maritime law. And in light of this comparison, the article evaluates the Tribunal’s Award on the geographic scope of application of historic or traditional fishing rights in the exclusive maritime zones of a coastal State.
Cunninghamella binariae, Mucor ardhlaengiktus, Mucor gigasporus and Umbelopsis changbaiensis, newly recorded species from amphibian feces and soil in Korea

Authors: NGUYEN THUONG T.T. , HYDE KEVIN D. , LEE HYANG BURM
Published: November 2019

Four strains, CNUFC SKT18002, CNUFC FKT18033, CNUFC SKT19001, and CNUFC SKT18228 were isolated during an investigation of fungi belonging to the orders Mucorales and Umbelopsidales from amphibian feces and soil samples in Korea. Based on morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 28S rDNA sequences, the strains CNUFC SKT18002, CNUFC FKT18033, CNUFC SKT19001, and CNUFC SKT18228 were identified as Cunninghamella binariae, Mucor ardhlaengiktus, Mucor gigasporus, and Umbelopsis changbaiensis, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the species C. binariae, M. ardhlaengiktus, M. gigasporus, and U. changbaiensis have not been previously reported in Korea.
Schistura syngkai, a new fish species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Meghalaya, northeast India
Authors: CHOUDHURY HRISHIKESH , MUKHIM D. KHLUR B. , DEY ABHINIT , WARBAH DEISAKEE P. , SARMA DANDADHAR
Published: November 2019

Schistura syngkai, a new stone loach, is described from the Twahdidoh Stream of Wahblei River (Surma-Meghna drainage) in Meghalaya, northeast India. It is unique among its Indian congeners in having a prominent dark-brown to blackish mid-lateral stripe about an eye diameter or more in width, overlain on 12–18 vertically-elongate black blotches on a golden-brown to amber body. Additionally, the species possesses an incomplete lateral line and a slightly emarginate caudal fin, and exhibits no apparent sexual dimorphism.
Effect of Propolis Administration on the Endocrine Functions and Histopathology of Pancreas in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Al-Hariri Mohammed , Eldin Tharwat Gamal , Al-Harbi Mohammed , Hashim Tarek , Ahmad Rizwan
Published: November 2019

This study was performed to investigate the hypoglycemic properties of Propolis and their possible role on pancreatic's tissue. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 45 adult male albino rats and the animals were divided into three groups; Negative control group received standard diet; Positive
group diabetic untreated group; Propolis treated group supplemented with (0.3 g/Kg/day) for 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. A heparinized tube was used for collection of plasma for measurement
of lipid peroxidation products, insulin, glucagon and fasting blood glucose. Pancreas were isolated and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), histoimmunological and morphometric factors were studied. The results of this study showed that Propolis was able to reduce blood glucose significantly
compared with the diabetic untreated group. Hypercellularity and density of B cells increased in pancreatic tissue, islets size and percent of B cells increased significantly in Propolis treated group which may signify regeneration of islets or B cells in Propolis treated rats. In the current
study, we have demonstrated that, both structural and functional improvements of pancreas. Further researches are highly needed to clarify the specific molecular and cellular targets of various constituents of Propolis.
Why Aquinas’s Metaphysics of Gender Is Fundamentally Correct: A Response to John Finley
Authors: Newton William
Published: November 2019

In an important article, John Finley suggests a correction to Aquinas’s understanding of gender distinction. Disagreeing with Aquinas, Finley proposes that gender distinction (male and female) stems from the soul rather than from the body. In this essay, I will show that this is not a tenable position because it does not fit with either what we know about the physical development of sex differences or the unity of man and woman as a single human species. I will defend Aquinas’s fundamental insights into the root of gender distinction without defending his biological understanding of the process itself. I will argue that there is a single generic generative power in the soul that is determined by the matter to which the soul is united, to be expressed as either male or female. This paradigm, I believe, copes better than the one offered by Finley with phenomena such as intersexed persons and sex reassignment surgery. While I do not accept the idea of a feminine or masculine soul, the paradigm offered here does lead to the notion of the soul being feminized or masculinized on account of the matter that it informs.
Harnessing Optimism in Response to Musical Challenges
Authors: Taft Seth A.
Published: November 2019

Challenges are a constant across all kinds of musical contexts, and teachers are always looking for ways to help students overcome them. While there are many technical and pedagogical approaches to helping students achieve in music, psychology also plays a significant role in the struggles that students face. Counteractive optimism, the act of predicting success in preparation for completing a difficult task, improves performance in the face of challenge and serves as a vehicle for the development of self-efficacy, which has a powerful direct effect on overall performance outcomes. In this article, I explain counteractive optimism and self-efficacy, their benefits, and their direct applications to music.
Using Visual Mapping to Promote Higher-Level Thinking in Music-Making
Authors: Groffman Joshua , Wolfe Zora M.
Published: November 2019

What tools are available to foster independent and critical thought in the music classroom? We propose that visual mapping—a method of representing relationships and associations between a main concept and other ideas, subtopics, or examples—is an ideal tool for doing exactly this. After examining the principles and usefulness of mapping in a variety of contexts, we discuss several specific ways in which mapping might be implemented in teaching music. We argue that the central strength of mapping is its ability to encourage users to be explicit and metacognitive about their knowledge. As such, it can be part of a constructivist stance whereby the instructor creates a student-centered classroom in which learners are active, engaged participants in their education.
Emotions, affects, and trauma in classrooms: Moving beyond the representational genre
Authors: Zembylas Michalinos
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to draw together and engage some of the most prominent themes throughout the literature on emotions, affects, and trauma in classrooms: the representation of trauma in classrooms and its risks; the body as a part of traumatic experience and how it may be engaged pedagogically; and the un/making of affective communities as pedagogical spaces that can be transformative. It is argued that the prevalent representational account of trauma in classrooms imposes certain constraints that frame the pedagogical work that may be conducted. New theoretical and research developments in the affective turn about the implications of emotions, affects, and trauma for the body and politics, pose serious challenges to the representational genre. It is suggested that reparative pedagogies grounded in new theoretical perspectives may invoke critical reflection and transformative action in ways that expose and reframe the affective infrastructures of exclusion, inequality, and injustice.
Union Security, Race, and the Political Process: Some Reflections on Unions and Democracy
Authors: Gould William B.
Published: November 2019

The article focuses upon developments in (1) so-called union security and fair share laws through which financial support of unions is obliged; (2) the cases and practices involving both union democracy and discrimination that have emerged with considerable frequency, particularly in the wake of comprehensive fair employment practices legislation; (3) involvement of the unions in the political process and the ways in which this has altered over the past century.
Material and Relational Difficulties: The Impact of the Household Environment on the Emotional Well-Being of Young Black Women Living in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Cohen Emmanuel , Ware Lisa J , Prioreschi Alessandra , Draper Catherine , Bosire Edna , Lye Stephen J , Norris Shane A
Published: November 2019

South Africa is an upper-middle income country with high levels of inequality. Young urban black women living in historically disadvantaged suburbs are particularly vulnerable to these socioeconomic inequalities. We conducted a qualitative study (four focus group discussions with young nulliparous women and 13 dual semistructured interviews between women and their mother) to better understand the household environment context of young women living in Soweto (a poor urban predominantly black township) and how this impacts their emotional well-being. Several household-centered issues were identified that impacted the young women’s well-being including both material and relational elements. These issues resulted in household environmental perturbations involving several psychological disturbances (stress, chronic anger, depression, and suicidal thoughts) stated by young women. Urban young black women experience significant material and relational hardships within the household environment. Interventions that aim to optimize young women’s emotional well-being should better recognize both economic and cultural aspects impacting on them.
Ethical Considerations in the Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Otolaryngology
Authors: Arambula Alexandra M. , Bur Andrés M.
Published: November 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly expanding within the sphere of health care, offering the potential to enhance the efficiency of care delivery, diminish costs, and reduce diagnostic and therapeutic errors. As the field of otolaryngology also explores use of AI technology in patient care, a number of ethical questions warrant attention prior to widespread implementation of AI. This commentary poses many of these ethical questions for consideration by the otolaryngologist specifically, using the 4 pillars of medical ethics—autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice—as a framework and advocating both for the assistive role of AI in health care and for the shared decision‐making, empathic approach to patient care.
Exploring the Intersection of Community Development, the Least Reached and Emerging, Vibrant Churches
Authors: Greenlee David , Galpin Mark , Christel Andrea , Willett Cameron
Published: November 2019

Rarely have missiologists explored the overlapping space where community development work intersects the formation and multiplication of new, vibrant churches in ‘least reached’ settings. Drawing on professional practice and field experience in both community development and missiology the authors propose initial expressions of a missiology that explores this intersection, identifying key principles appropriate for this space. Understanding the Kingdom of God is foundational; understanding how people enter it deeply affects how we go about ministry. Ethical and professional concerns as well as demands for transparency cause us to avoid any hint of coercion or utilitarian approaches that would create a ‘platform’ of community development work merely as a base to accomplish a different goal. At the same time, the love and professional skill of community development workers may help open doors and win a hearing for the gospel among the least reached.
Relational and Sexual Experiences of Betrayal From the Point of View of Sexually Victimized Young Women
Authors: Guyon Roxanne , Fernet Mylène , Hébert Martine
Published: November 2019

Worldwide, it is estimated that one in five women have reported being sexually victimized before the age of 18. Girls are particularly at risk of sexual abuse at the end of adolescence and are more vulnerable to revictimization during this period. However, there is a paucity of findings related to the relational and sexual impacts of child sexual abuse among young women. The traumagenic dynamics model, proposed by Finkelhor and Browne, postulates that the consequences of sexual abuse can be analyzed in light of four distinct dynamics: traumatic sexualization, betrayal, powerlessness, and stigmatization. Among the four postulated dynamics, betrayal appears to be a key element to gain insight on the relational challenges experienced by victims, as betrayal situations can recur in romantic relationships. The present study aimed to describe, from the point of view of young women victims of child sexual abuse, the issues related to betrayals in their relational and sexual experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 young women aged 18 to 25 years old who had reported sexual victimization. Two main conceptual categories emerged from the narratives of the participants: (a) relational situations that echo the betrayal dynamic and (b) strategies to cope with relational situations involving betrayal: protection, reparation, and the use of both strategies, which leads to ambivalence. Findings highlight the importance of addressing the traumagenic dynamic of betrayal in interventions with sexually abuse youths, given their likelihood to experience betrayal in the context of romantic relationships and their increased risk of revictimization.
Symptom Sequelae Following Violence Against Youth With Disabilities
Authors: Dembo Robert S. , Mitra Monika , Akobirshoev Ilhom , Manning Susan E.
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to examine the physical and mental health impact of violence against youth with and without disabilities. We analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2008–2016), a nationally representative survey on crime in the United States. Respondents included 729 adolescents (12–17 years) and 953 young adults (18–24 years) who experienced violence in the previous 6 months. Disability status was determined using a six-item screener. Outcome measures included several physical and mental health symptoms experienced for at least one month following violence. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic, Poisson, and negative binomial regression models. The results indicated that, for at least one month following a violent incident, adolescents and young adults with disabilities were more likely to experience headaches, sleep difficulty, changes in eating or drinking habits, fatigue, muscle pain, and severe distress compared to peers without disabilities. Young adults with disabilities were also more likely to experience stomach problems, depression, and anxiety. Adolescents and young adults with disabilities experienced a greater number of concurrent physical and mental health symptoms compared to peers without disabilities. The results suggest that the health effects of violence are worse for youth with disabilities compared to their nondisabled peers. These findings emphasize the importance of screening young people with disabilities for violence exposure and ensuring that trauma and health services are universally accessible.
From Professionals to Professional Mothers: How College-educated Married Mothers Experience Unemployment in the US
Authors: Rao Aliya Hamid
Published: November 2019

Unemployment influences life experiences and outcomes, but how it does so may be shaped by gender and parenthood. Because research on unemployment focuses on men’s experiences of unemployment, it presents as universal a process that may be gendered. This article asks: how do college-educated, heterosexual, married mothers experience involuntary unemployment? Drawing on in-depth interviews with unemployed mothers in the US, their husbands, and follow-up interviews, this article finds that the experience of job loss is tempered for mothers as they derive a culturally valued identity from motherhood which also anchors their lives. Husbands’ support emphasises that employment is one of several options mothers can pursue. Couples pivot attention to husbands’ careers as they worry about finances, often resulting in marital tensions. Using mothers’ unemployment as a case, this study demonstrates that unemployment has more divergent implications depending on gender and parenthood than prior theories suggest.
Perceptions of Diversity Management Practices among First- versus Second-generation Migrants
Authors: Hennekam Sophie , Bacouel-Jentjens Sabine , Yang Inju
Published: November 2019

Drawing on an extended case method approach consisting of observations, analysis of organisational documents and semi-structured in-depth interviews with first- and second-generation migrants working in a French car manufacturing company, this article examines how and why diversity management practices are perceived differently by first- versus second-generation migrant workers. Using social identity theory and equity theory as a theoretical framework, it was found that first- and second-generation migrants have different social expectations, which, in turn, influence their self-image, as well as their perception of organisational justice. The interaction between their social identity and their perception of justice affects how they appraise diversity management practices in their organisation. The study extends previous research on migrant workers and diversity management by building a conceptual model that outlines how and why diversity management practices are perceived differently by first- versus second-generation migrants.
Feasibility analysis of a new tree-shaped wind turbine for urban application: A case study
Authors: Mostafaeipour Ali , Rezaei Mostafa , Jahangiri Mehdi , Qolipour Mojtaba
Published: November 2019

In this study, feasibility of a new wind power generation system for urban application in Hormozgan Province of Iran is investigated. The wind turbine system in this study is a novel, aesthetically pleasing, noiseless, pollution-free, potentially cost-effective, and high efficiency design called tree-shaped wind turbine (TSWT). Techno-economic evaluation is performed on eight urban areas in the province using the software HOMER. Multi-criteria decision making approaches are used to prioritize the areas in terms of the best location for installing such a new system. The results of techno-economic analysis examining a wind power system consisting of 25 TSWTs show that the most electricity production would occur for Jask city which is 529,450 kWh/yr. Also, the least amount of electricity which is 339,275 kWh/yr belongs to Bandar Abbas. Considering the most important criteria including electricity production, levelized cost of electricity, population, land price, environmental impact, and frequency of natural disasters, data envelopment analysis, and the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution are employed to rank the cities. The results are validated by two different methods. Finally, it is suggested that Sirik is the best location for using the aforementioned wind turbine.
Football activism as political contention: Contextual determinants of membership in the association of supporters of Hajduk Split
Authors: Glaurdić Josip
Published: November 2019

Where do politically activist football supporters come from? What are the social conditions under which they are successfully recruited and mobilised? This article answers those questions by analysing a unique dataset of more than 43,000 members of Our Hajduk – the association of supporters of the Croatian club Hajduk Split – as well as a host of data on the communities they live in. The analysis shows that Our Hajduk thrives in exactly the same areas where most other social, civil and political organisations thrive: among the more educated and more socio-economically successful. Most importantly, the analysis shows that the pattern of Our Hajduk membership closely follows the patterns of political affiliation and participation in Croatia’s electoral arena and is guided by the opposition to political players who have dominated Croatian football and turned it into a social field marked by corruption and mismanagement.
Hearing Thresholds in Young Children With Otitis Media With Effusion With and Without Cleft Palate
Authors: Tengroth Birgitta , Lohmander Anette , Hederstierna Christina
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To investigate hearing thresholds in children born with cleft palate and in children with otitis media with effusion but no cleft palate.

Design:

Prospective longitudinal group comparison study.

Setting:

University hospital.

Participants:

Sixteen children born with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) and 15 age-matched children with otitis media with effusion (OME) but without cleft.

Main Outcome Measures:

Hearing was tested at repeated occasions beginning with neonatal auditory brainstem response (ABR) at 1-4 months of age, and age-appropriate hearing tests from 9 to 36 months of age.

Results:

The median ABR thresholds in both groups were elevated but did not differ significantly. At 12 months of age, the median 4 frequency averages at 500-1000-2000-4000 Hz (4FA) were indicative of mild hearing loss but significantly better in the CP±L-group than in the group without cleft ( P < .01). There were no significant group-wise differences regarding the median 4FA at 24 and 36 months of age, and at 36 months, the median 4FA were normal in both groups. Both groups exhibited a significant improvement over time from the neonatal ABR thresholds to the 4FA at 36 months (CP±L-group P < .05; without CP±L-group P < .01).

Conclusion:

The hearing loss in children with CP±L was not more severe than among children with OME but without cleft palate; rather, at 12 months of age, the thresholds were significantly better in the CP±L-group than those in the group without cleft. The air conduction thresholds improved with age in both groups.
Growth + Climate Emergency: We’re Already Too Late Getting Ready. Exclusionary Zoning Makes Matters Worse
Authors: Pendall Rolf
Published: November 2019

The other two respondents have carefully articulated many objections to David Imbroscio’s essay, responding to its arguments on its own terms. Rather than another point-by-point response, I offer a counternarrative that looks toward the future. In my view, ending exclusionary zoning (EZ) is an important element in a campaign to avoid some of the suffering low-income people in the United States will experience as the global climate emergency becomes increasingly acute, the national population ages, and the entrenched power of right-wing libertarians sustains inequality. Parochial actions like EZ will further complicate responses to these challenges. My response argues that for these reasons, Imbroscio’s essay is neither ethical nor logical.
Airflow pattern induced by ceiling fan under different rotation speeds and blowing directions
Authors: Wang Huan , Luo Maohui , Wang Guijin , Li Xianting
Published: November 2019

Ceiling fans have been widely used as effective cooling and air mixing method for building environment conditioning. Understanding its airflow characteristics can be helpful to utilize ceiling fan or integrate it with background air conditioning system. However, the airflow induced by ceiling fan has different flow patterns under different rotating speeds and blowing directions. To date, it is still challenging to capture those complicated airflow fields in room scale. In this study, the airflow pattern induced by a ceiling fan was measured with a new technology, quad-view colour sequence particle streak velocimetry. A series of isothermal experiments were conducted under five rotation speed levels with downward and upward blowing directions in a room-size (4 m × 2.5 m × 3 m) chamber. Based on comprehensive three-dimensional three-component vector measurement results, the average velocity, turbulence intensity and vorticity on the middle section were calculated and used to analyse airflow patterns induced by ceiling fan. The results show that the blowing direction of the fan determines the indoor airflow pattern. When blowing downward, the flow will cause high diversion between jet core under the fan blades and surrounding region. While for upward blowing, the air speed in lower part of the room is much lower but pretty uniform. The detailed measured airflow fields can serve as reference for ceiling fan design and operation.
Chasing rainbows: How many educational qualifications do young people need to acquire meaningful, ongoing work?
Authors: Chesters Jenny , Wyn Johanna
Published: November 2019

The increasingly complex relationship between educational qualifications and employment is an integral, yet little-explored dimension of the labour market developments that have come to be referred to as the ‘gig economy’. This article explores the changing meaning and relevance of education through an analysis of young people’s employment outcomes in terms of employment status, having a job in their field of study and job satisfaction. It shows that while higher levels of education do provide some protection from unemployment, the relationship is murky. A relatively large proportion of highly educated young adults are experiencing underemployment and precarious work. Young women are less engaged in the labour market. Furthermore, those with secure jobs do not necessarily find them meaningful and those with meaningful jobs are not necessarily in secure employment. For many young people, using their educational qualifications to find security in work is a bit like ‘chasing rainbows’.
Preoperative Hypoalbuminemia Predicts Early Mortality Following Open Abdominal Surgery in Patients Above 60 Years of Age
Authors: Larsen P. B. , Liest S. , Hannani D. , Jørgensen H. L. , Sørensen L. T. , Jørgensen L. N.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Major abdominal surgery in older and frail patients is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Plasma albumin is routinely measured in the clinic and has been proposed as an indicator of frailty. This study aimed to investigate if plasma albumin is a predictor of mortality in older patients undergoing open abdominal surgery.

Materials and methods:

We conducted a single-center, register-based retrospective study of patients, aged ⩾60 years who underwent one of 81 open abdominal surgical procedures. Patients operated on during the period from January 1st, 2000 to May 31st, 2013 were consecutively identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. Plasma albumin was measured within 30 days prior to surgery and the primary endpoint was 30-day postoperative mortality.

Results:

3,639 patients were included of whom 68.2% underwent emergency surgery. The rate of severe hypoalbuminemia (plasma albumin < 28 g/L) was 43.4%. Preoperative plasma albumin was lower in patients with a fatal 30-day outcome (mean 20.6 g/L vs 30.1 g/L in survivors, p < 0.0001). Other independent predictive parameters of 30-day mortality were age, male sex, and emergency surgery. We present an algorithm including these four variables for the prediction of 30-day mortality for patients aged ⩾60 years undergoing open abdominal surgery.

Conclusion:

Preoperative plasma albumin is a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients above 60 years of age following open abdominal surgery. Assessment of plasma albumin in conjunction with other risk factors such as age, sex, and surgical priority may improve preoperative decision-making.
Efficient light-duty engine using turbulent jet ignition of lean methane mixtures
Authors: Soltic Patrik , Hilfiker Thomas , Hänggi Severin
Published: November 2019

Diesel engines use diffusion-controlled combustion of a high-reactivity fuel and offer high efficiencies because they combine lean combustion with a high compression ratio. For low-reactivity fuels such as gasoline or natural gas, premixed combustion is used, which leads to lower efficiency levels as usually stoichiometric combustion is combined with lower compression ratios. Trying to apply diesel-like process parameters to low-reactivity fuels inevitably leads to problems with classical spark ignition systems as they are not able to establish robust flame propagation for such hard-to-ignite conditions. One possibility to enable fast combustion for diluted mixtures at high pressure levels is to establish ignition in a prechamber and ignite the charge of the main combustion chamber using the turbulent jets exiting the prechamber. In this study, the experimental results of a prechamber-equipped four-cylinder natural gas engine with 2 L displacement are discussed in detail. In the majority of the engine map, auxiliary fueling is used in the prechamber and a global air–fuel equivalence ratio λ is set to 1.7. At full load, a λ of 1.5 is applied without auxiliary prechamber fueling. The experiments show that such a setup is able to achieve brake efficiency levels of above 45% while maintaining peak brake mean effective pressure levels above 20 bar. At high load conditions, cylinder pressure levels at ignition timing achieve more than 80 bar and cylinder peak pressures of around 180 bars occur. The technology proved to enable robust and very fast combustion at comparably low NOx levels. A remaining challenge for the on-road use of such a technology is the reduction of the methane emissions at lean conditions.
Students’ (Inter)National Identities within International Schools: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Fitzsimons Sinéad
Published: November 2019

Debates surrounding national and international identity are becoming increasingly prevalent with the rise of nationalist and populist rhetoric in the public sphere. International schools, which are growing in number, serve as valuable sites for conducting research on national and international identity as they can be viewed as a representation of the increasing diversification of many schools around the world. The aim of the study described in this article is to determine how the national and international identities of young people are influenced by being educated in this context. The conceptual frame of the study brings together a variety of concepts related to identity, categorised under national identity, transnational identity and cosmopolitan identity. In addition, the concept of ‘third space’ is drawn upon to reflect on the individualised process of negotiating identity. The study, undertaken with two international schools in Belgium and Serbia, found that attending an international school influenced students in a variety of ways, with some students strengthening their sense of international identity and others their national affiliation. It also emerged that the curricula and culture of these two schools promoted a hierarchy of identities, with the highest value awarded to Anglo-Western identities.
Exploring How Gay Latinx Men Cope in College Using Emotion Regulation
Authors: Lu Charles , Rodriguez Sarah L. , Bukoski Beth
Published: November 2019

This narrative study used individual interviews with seven gay Latinx men to understand how they used emotion regulation to navigate academic and personal obstacles as well as heterosexism and interpreted them using Gross’s emotion regulation framework. The study’s participants used all four types of emotion regulation described by Gross, including finding gay-affirming communities, modifying gay-adverse spaces, changing the subject, and positive reframing.
The global epidemics of diabetes in the 21st century: Current situation and perspectives
Authors: Standl Eberhard , Khunti Kamlesh , Hansen Tina Birgitte , Schnell Oliver
Published: November 2019

Diabetes is on the rise worldwide, with a global prevalence in adults in 2017 being 8.8% of the world population, with the anticipation of a further increase to 9.9% by 2045. In total numbers, this reflects a population of 424.9 million people with diabetes worldwide in 2017, with an estimate of a 48% increase to 628.6 million people by 2045. Depending on age, global diabetes prevalence is about 5%, 10%, 15% and close to 20%, respectively, for the age groups 35–39, 45–49, 55–59 and 65–69 years. On a global scale, diabetes hits particularly ‘middle aged’ people between 40 and 59 years, which causes serious economic and social implications. Furthermore, diabetes affects especially low and middle income countries, as 77% of all people with diabetes worldwide live in those countries. In addition to overt diabetes, an estimated 352.1 million people worldwide are at risk of diabetes, i.e. have defined pre-diabetes, a figure which is anticipated to rise to 531.6 million by 2045. Some 70–75% of all patients with established coronary artery disease, e.g. with acute myocardial infarction, show concomitant diabetes or abnormal glucose regulation, i.e. close to 50% have overt diabetes, with as many as 20% of those being undiagnosed and another 25% having pre-diabetes.
Lifestyle factors, self-management and patient empowerment in diabetes care
Authors: Lambrinou Ekaterini , Hansen Tina B , Beulens Joline WJ
Published: November 2019

Although management of diabetes mellitus is improving, inadequately managed cases still exist. Prevention of diabetes mellitus requires an integrated and holistic approach based on the origin of the disease. In Europe only half of diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus have good glycaemic control. Inadequate glycaemic control is significantly increasing the use of healthcare resources, the medical costs and mortality rates. A review was conducted in order to summarise and discuss central themes for prevention. A search of the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and Google Scholar between January 2010–May 2019 was undertaken. The following keywords: ‘diabetes mellitus’, ‘cardiovascular diseases’, ‘empowerment’, ‘self-management education’ and ‘lifestyle factors’ were used in different combinations to identify eligible articles. Important variables for the prevention of diabetes mellitus and its complications are self-management of diabetes mellitus and the management of risk factors. Education and support for self-management are fundamental when caring for people with a chronic disease like diabetes mellitus. In order to achieve effective self-management including lifestyle modification it is also crucial to motivate people. In this review, the role of the three main pillars in diabetes care are identified and discussed; patient empowerment, self-management education and lifestyle modification in the management of people with diabetes mellitus.
Consumer Management in Internet Age: A Study of Indian Car Buyers Digital Communication Adoption by Applying Competing Models
Authors: Rekha  , Jain Pooja
Published: November 2019

Consumer management has always been a challenging task for marketers. The task becomes even more challenging in internet age witnessing proliferation of emerging marketing practices with each passing year. Digital marketing communication has emerged as the most preferred communication alternative in recent years. Consumer have adopted digital communication in their buying decision process for number of product categories, still the adoption has not been studied adequately for products lying in extended problem solving category. This study compares the most popular technology adoption models to predict the intentions of Indian car buyers to use digital communication while making a car buying decision to better under the consumer management. Primary data was obtained from 801 car buyers consisting of both actual and potential buyers from Delhi. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate and compare the models in terms of overall fit, explanatory power and significance. The results of the study revealed that Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour in explaining the digital communication adoption which could be used by the marketers for better consumer management.