bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘Diesel Gate’
Authors: Parab Varsha , Mahadik Ramesh , Tripathi Diksha
Published: October 2022

The ‘Diesel gate’ scandal was suppressed for years—while we should have been driving electric cars. Volkswagen Jetta was selected as first test subject, and a Volkswagen Passat next. Regulators in California agreed to do the routine certification test for them, and the council hired researchers from West Virginia University to then drive the same cars through cities, along highways, and into the mountains, using equipment that tests emissions straight from the cars’ exhausts. German had been around the auto industry all his life, so he had a pretty good idea of what was going on. This had to be a ‘defeat device’—a deliberate effort to evade the rules.
Domino’s India Supply Chain Management
Authors: Parab Varsha , Mahadik Ramesh , Tripathi Diksha
Published: October 2022

In the view of business expansion, Domino’s revamped its supply chain operations in India. Initially, Domino’s had a simple logistics model. The case discusses the various benefits of the new logistics model and discusses the reasons for the revamp. The benefit of low costs achieved through the new model was passed on to the customers in the form of lower prices. The case also compares Domino’s new supply chain model with McDonald’s supply chain model.
Low-Cost Disruptive Strategy
Authors: Parab Varsha , Mahadik Ramesh , Tripathi Diksha
Published: October 2022

With the liberalization of the Indian economy and the adoption of the open—sky model helped the civil aviation industry to grow in India. Civil aviation in India had gone through three major stages. From 2005 onwards entry of low—cost carriers changes the entire airways market. IndiGo Airways entered the Indian market with a full long—time strategy and opting blue ocean strategy. India is the ninth—largest civil aviation market in the world which is expected to grow and become the third—largest by the year 2030. This case analyses various strategies used by IndiGo airline to minimize is cost to work on margins and which made them the market leaders over the previous several years.
Indian Business Case Studies Volume VIII
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

Volume VIII of Indian Business Case Studies book consists of three interesting sections with Indian Business Case Studies in Human Resource Management, Finance, and Multidisciplinary Management issues. The Case volume Includes Business Case Studies designed and developed based on current business and economic scenarios in India, both based on published data and field search Live Case Studies. These case studies enable effective adoption of Case Methodology of teaching for UG and PG studies in business management as also best suited for management development programs in business and industry. These case studies offer the best of opportunities and tools to be used in offline and online teaching and learning methodology especially help developing analytical skills and problem resolution techniques in the students of business management studies and young and aspiring business executives globally.
Enterprise and Ethics
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

India’s industrial legacy is full of examples of home—grown family managed business groups known for their philanthropy and high core value—based organizational vision mission and operating culture. Till today many of these organizations have grown huge in their business volumes not only in terms of business but also as organizations as role models of high placed organizational ethical core values and emphasis on corporate social responsibility. How the Godrej Group channelled the swadeshi spirit at home, and then went global in 1989, when the vestiges of the license Raj era still wove reams of red tape around Indian businesses, a management trainee at Godrej GE Appliances’ Faridabad office faced a dilemma. An excise tax collector wanted a Diwali ‘gift’ delivered at his residence. ‘Or else • ‘ After discussions with his seniors, the trainee turned up at the official’s house the next day with a gift—wrapped box. At the visitor’s insistence, the official unwrapped it, to find a pack of Godrej soaps in various fragrances. The unspoken but clear message: ‘The Godrej group is committed to ethical business. Don’t expect anything else from us’. The anecdote, narrated by Ranganatha Thota, the management trainee at that time, sums up an idea that Gurcharan Das, former CEO of Procter and Gamble India, has articulated: while India secured political independence in 1947, it got economic independence only with the 1991 reforms. In many ways, the business history of the Godrej Group, which dates back to 1897, mirrors the Independence movement. The group’s founder Ardeshir Godrej, as the Godrej Rhyme narrates and as BK Karanjia chronicles in his two—volume book Godrej: A Hundred Years 1897—1997, left India for Africa in 1889 to practice law. But unwilling to commit perjury to advance his career, he returned home, where the freedom movement was gathering pace, with the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Wrong Signals for Investment Climate
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

Vodafone Group Plc is a British multinational telecommunications company headquartered in London and with its registered office in Newbury, Berkshire. It is the world’s second—largest mobile telecommunications company measured by both subscribers and 2013 revenues (in each case behind China Mobile), and had 434 million subscribers as of 31 March 2014. Vodafone owns and operates networks in 21 countries and has partner networks in over 40 additional countries. Its Vodafone Global Enterprise division provides telecommunications and IT services to corporate clients in over 65 countries. Vodafone has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalization of approximately £89.1 billion as of 6 July 2012, the third largest of any company listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on NASDAQ. Vodafone Essar Limited, formerly known as Hutchison Essar, is a telecom service provider in India that covers 23 telecom circles in India and is based in Mumbai. Vodafone holds a 67 per cent stake in Vodafone Essar Limited and Essar holds the rest 33 per cent stake. On 11 February 2007, Vodafone agreed to acquire the controlling interest of 67 per cent held by Li Ka Shing Holdings in Hutch—Essar for US$11.1 billion. The company was valued at US$18.8 billion. The transaction closed on 8 May 2007. Despite the official name being Vodafone Essar, its products are simply branded ‘Vodafone’. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India.
Tug of War Between Online and Offline in Retail
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

The line ‘Everything is fair in love and war’ is very suitable for the tug of war between on and offline in the retail sector as both players of on and off are adopting various marketing strategies to attract and retain the customers and there are clashes of marketing offerings which is making the king of the market—customer delighted. For sustaining and surviving in this global competitive business world, all are in the hurry to differentiate themselves from others by hook or crook and only that would be the market leader who will be the fittest among all. From ‘Big Billion Day Sale’ on Flipkart to Big Bazaar’s ‘Saal ka Sabse Sasta Din’, the war is on to acquire more and more customers in a short span of time are the current marketing strategies adopted by companies of marketplaces and market spaces. The key question from a policy point of view is whether this is a momentary or enduring trend as many popular on and offline companies are on the border of failure as they are making losses while very few are successful. Students in marketing management will find this case study interesting to see how the online and offline retail networks are strengthening their cobwebs to trap major footfalls and customer groups. In India, it was Mr Kishore Biyani, the promoter of Future group, instrumental in introducing the mall culture and the offline retail almost a decade ago. Based on the response the Future group received for its offline retail business, many other major players like the Shoppers Stop, Flip Kart, Aditya Birla group in readymade garments, the Tatas in Trent, and many in fast food retailers have by now crowded the Indian online and offline retail market including now the giant killer Amazon following the Walmart who entered India almost in the early 2000s. This case study tries to take a sample cut of the warlike situation of severe competition now prevalent in Indian offline and online retail and the street fight between Future group and the FlipKart to snatch away each other’s customer base by luring with all types of discounts and sales offers including emptying of the waste boxes of customers.
Understanding the Indian Customer
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

It is said that as one travels east, the rising sun inhibits glare on the eyes and makes people to have smaller eyes as also appear at times indifferent to glamour and shiny objects. But in business parlance, many big businesses from the Western world find this curious since they find it difficult to easily access eastern markets in spite of their superior convincing power and claimed technical superiority. It has been ages that many global auto giants have been trying their best of business acumen to claim major Indian auto market share but many of them, in spite of years of experimentation, have not dented any reasonable presence in Indian markets. Whether the above could be related to peculiar mindsets and preferences of Indian customer is a debatable issue but the facts confirm that there is something peculiar in the buying behaviour of Indian customers.
Can Toyota Regain Its Footing in India?
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

From localization to cost control measures to small hybrid cars, Toyota is pulling out all stops in its recovery bid. For Toyota’s Indian operations, small isn’t beautiful; it is unprofitable. At least, that’s what the numbers would appear to suggest. Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd incurred a loss of Rs 180 crores in the fiscal year ended 31 March 2014, marking a dubious first in the Japanese automaker’s 15—year history in India. The loss was largely on account of a recent focus on the small—car Liva and the entry—level sedan Etios for a company that has always made money in India on the back of a focus on workhorse—like utility vehicles—the iconic Qualis first, and then the Innova—and up—market sedans such as the popular Corolla.
Ford, Can It Afford?
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda
Published: October 2022

Many global stalwarts in the automotive industry have found it difficult to establish market dominance in emerging markets like India in spite of decades of focused attention in understanding such markets and investing heavily to offer technologically advanced products and after—sales for their products. It is even today a pathetic situation that such global wizards find it difficult to sustain and survive in emerging markets. This case study attempts to highlight a few such efforts by Ford Motor Company which entered the Indian market in the early 90s but as on today stuck in deteriorating market share and not many Indian strategic partners too to help ease out the situation for Ford in India.
Chinese Sojourners in Wartime Raj, 1942-45
Authors: Yin Cao
Published: October 2022

Since the outbreak of the Pacific War, British India had been taken as the main logistic base for China’s war against the Japanese. Chinese soldiers, government officials, professionals, and merchants flocked to India for training, business opportunities, retreat, and rehabilitation. This book is about how the activities of the Chinese sojourners in wartime India caused great concern to the British colonial regime and the Chinese Nationalist government and how these sojourners responded to the surveillance, discipline, and check imposed by the governments. This book provides a subaltern perspective on the history of modern India-China relations that has been dominated by accounts of elite cultural interaction and geopolitical machination.
Pilots
Authors: Yin Cao
Published: October 2022

This chapter centres on the evacuation of the Lahore Elementary Flying Training School, which was built in 1943 for training Chinese pilots and mechanics. It details the British and Chinese authorities’ concerns over the school and how the chaotic situation in India during the final days of the British Raj influenced its evacuation back to China. This chapter puts the story into the broad context of the British withdrawal from India and the Chinese Civil War, and it uses this case to uncover the links between the two most significant events in the history of modern India and China. In so doing, it puts forward an integrated framework for studying modern Indian and Chinese history.
The Day the Great War Ended, 24 July 1923
Authors: Winter Jay
Published: October 2022

Only some of the guns of the Great War were silenced on 11 November 1918. War continued to rage for four more years throughout Eastern Europe and Asia Minor. The day the Great War finally came to an end was 24 July 1923. On the shores of Lake Geneva, Turkey and her former enemies signed the Treaty of Lausanne, ending the state of hostilities that had continued since 1914. This book frames that story of Lausanne in terms of a new and disturbing phenomenon—the civilianization of war. During the Great War and in its aftermath, war mutated. The distinction between military and civilian targets was erased, and non-combatants became the chief victims of war. Until then, wars ended with an exchange of prisoners of war. Lausanne was the first peace treaty which required an exchange of civilian populations. Over one million Greek Orthodox men and women lost their right to live in Turkey, and half that number of Muslims were deported forcibly from Greece. In the Treaty of Lausanne, the right to citizenship was defined by religion, and religion alone. There, on the shores of Lake Geneva, ethnic cleansing entered into international law. This book provides an account of how this happened. It traces humanitarian efforts to save civilian life in the whirlwind of war and looks at how the Great Powers tried to shore up their damaged imperial position in the early 1920s. It shows too how the peace settlement buried the hopes of the Armenian people for a homeland in Anatolia, and the way appeasement was born in the wake of Lausanne. In sum, Lausanne was a pyrrhic victory for the peacemakers.
Professors of the Utraquist University of Prague in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (1458–1622)
Authors: Holá Mlada , Holý Martin
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the professors of the Utraquist University of Prague, typically referred to as magistri actu regentes or professores ordinarii. It focuses on a period spanning from the mid-fifteenth century and the final confirmation of the Utraquist character of the university, until its transfer to the Jesuits in 1622 following the defeat of the uprising of the Bohemian estates. In defiance of the majority of the non-Catholic population, the Clementinum came to represent a formidable competitor to Utraquist University. Consequently, masters sought to inform the public as much as possible about the university’s activities in order to strengthen social ties and attract not only more students but also influential patrons. The professors focused primarily on contacts with the royal court, officials of various administrative bodies of the Kingdom of Bohemia, and members of the municipal governments of royal towns, especially the four towns of Prague.
Teaching Natural Law at the University of Kiel
Authors: Jensen Mikkel Munthe
Published: October 2022

This chapter offers an institutional overview of the discipline of natural law and a prosopographical analysis of the Kielonian professors who taught and acted within its intellectual sphere. It identifies who taught natural law, when and to what extent, during the period from the founding of the University of Kiel in 1665 until the Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp ceased to exist in 1773. Despite the fact that natural law was already institutionalised in the faculty of law at the University of Kiel, it was taught neither only in this faculty with its specific chair, nor only with one focus. For this reason, it is necessary to take the entire academic community into account in order to assemble as complete a picture as possible. The chapter then studies one of the prime corpora of sources that exists concerning the evolvement of academic teaching: the universities’ lecture catalogues.
Martin Luther
Authors: Roper Lyndal
Published: October 2022

This chapter covers Luther’s life, the development of his theology, and the establishment of his reputation as Reformation hero especially after his death. Luther posted the 95 Theses in 1517, deliberately attacking indulgences and the cult of relics with which it was associated. But his theology was not fully established, developing by leaps and bounds in the years up to 1520 as he attacked more church doctrines. He was able to escape martyrdom in part because of his and the movement’s brilliant use of the new medium of print. In 1525 he married and one of the most lasting of the Reformation’s legacies was its attack on clerical celibacy and with it, a positive attitude towards physicality. Luther’s anti-Semitism was profound and more extreme than others of his time; his attitude to Islam was less negative and he supported publishing a translation of the Koran. After his death a Luther myth was cemented, his monumental figure and familiar features made famous by the artist workshop around Lucas Cranach the Elder becoming part of how Lutheranism represented itself.
Calvinism and the Reform of the Reformation
Authors: Eire Carlos
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the non-Lutheran version of Protestantism known as the ‘Reformed’ tradition, with origins in the Zurich of Ulrich Zwingli. Its most significant figure was John Calvin, who fled to Geneva from Catholic France. Calvin’s Institutes (1536) supplied an orderly summation of Reformed doctrine, presenting false religion or idolatry as a merely human construct. Calvinist teaching on predestination encouraged zeal and activism on the part of God’s ‘elect’. In Geneva itself, a strict moral code was imposed, and Calvin condemned ‘Nicodemites’ in France and elsewhere who outwardly conformed to Catholicism to evade persecution. Geneva’s importance as ‘the Protestant Rome’ was underlined by the presence of refugees, and by Calvin’s role in the execution of the heretic Michael Servetus, Calvinism became an international movement, establishing itself in France, England, Scotland, the Netherlands, Germany, eastern Europe and the North American colonies. It was a flexible ideology, adaptable to local circumstance, but characterised everywhere by uncompromising zeal and an instinct for iconoclasm. Legacies of Calvinism included an emphasis on the sanctification of work, and a redrawing of the boundaries between the natural and supernatural that contributed to what Max Weber termed ‘the disenchantment of the world’.
Catholic Reformation and Renewal
Authors: Ditchfield Simon
Published: October 2022

This chapter tells the story of the Counter-Reformation in a non-Eurocentric fashion. It begins in Goa rather than Wittenberg and continues to the Philippines and then Spain before crossing the Atlantic to Mexico, and recrossing the Pacific to Japan and China before returning to where it begins: India. The thread linking all these places is the art produced by non-European artists that was inspired by European prototypes. Important vectors of influence here were prints made in Europe of such important images as the Madonna of the Snows or Salus populi Romani, whose prototype is venerated in Rome, but which circulated globally as copied by artists from Mexico to Ming China and Mughal India. In each case, the style of representation was adapted to its viewers, just as the Roman Catholic missionaries had to adapt their message to their various audiences. In so doing they revealed their weakness beyond the Old World, where they only achieved success where local rulers were either displaced (as in Central and Latin America) or adopted Christianity, as happened spectacularly in the Kongo and to briefer but no less effect in sixteenth-century Japan. Elsewhere, Christianity was barely tolerated, as in India and, especially, mainland China. However, if Christianity failed to become a world religion at this time, the idea was seductive. Moreover, the numerous hagiographical accounts of New World missionary heroism inspired the Old World so that one might say that the New World converted the Old, a process that is still continuing.
The Deontic, the Evaluative, and the Fitting
Authors: Berker Selim
Published: October 2022

The evaluative categories (goodness, badness, betterness, and the like) and the deontic categories (requiredness, permittedness, forbiddenness, and the like) are separate families of normative categories, each with its own distinctive logic, structure, and basis. The aim of this chapter is to argue that there is a third family of normative categories beyond these familiar two, with its own special logic, structure, and basis, namely the fitting. This family includes properties and relations picked out by terms such as ‘fitting’, ‘apt’, ‘merited’, ‘warranted’, and ‘justified’, as well as certain adjectives ending in ‘-able’ (e.g. ‘admirable’), ‘-ing’ (e.g. ‘annoying’), ‘-ive’ (e.g. ‘persuasive’), ‘-some’ (e.g. ‘fearsome’), and ‘-worthy’ (e.g. ‘blameworthy’). Acknowledging the distinctiveness of fittingness as a type of normative category changes how we think about the foundations of ethics and other normative disciplines. Instead of asking, ‘Is the good prior to the right, or the right prior to the good?’ we should be asking, ‘What are the priority relations among the right, the good, and the fitting?’
Intuitions of Fittingness
Authors: Stratton-Lake Philip
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores a rationalist approach to the epistemology of fittingness. It considers some ways in which one might think that our knowledge of fittingness may be problematic in ways that our knowledge of what is good or right is not. The author maintains these worries are not serious. It finishes by considering whether we need to suppose that there is a different type of intuition in relation to the all in fittingness of actions and to fitting attitudes, in order to capture the motivational element of the former. Some have argued that such intuitions need to be emotion involving to capture this motivational aspect. The author rejects a view of practical intuitions as emotions, and proposes an alternative simpler, and more unified account based on the nature of rational agency. On this alternative view there are not different types of intuitions in relation to fitting actions and attitudes: rather there is a single type of intuition that can play different roles.
Feasibility and Fitting Deliberation
Authors: Southwood Nicholas
Published: October 2022

According to the Fitting Deliberation Account of feasibility, whether an action counts as feasible is a matter of whether it has features that are needed to be a fitting object of practical deliberation. The author’s aim is to further develop this account in two main ways. First, the chapter considers two important challenges to the Fitting Deliberation Account concerning significant features of our talk and thought about feasibility that it appears to be ill placed to vindicate: objectivity and non-normativity. It is argued that the challenges can be met and that doing so provides us with a valuable opportunity to make important clarifications of the Fitting Deliberation Account. Second, the chapter contrasts the Fitting Deliberation Account with a rival account that also purports to explicate feasibility in terms of fittingness but that looks instead to fitting prescription. It is argued that the Fitting Prescription Account faces serious problems that the Fitting Deliberation Account avoids.
Value and Idiosyncratic Fitting Attitudes
Authors: Conor McHugh , Way Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Norm-attitude accounts of value say that for something to be valuable is for there to be norms that support valuing that thing. For example, according to fitting-attitude accounts, something is of value if it is fitting to value, and according to buck-passing accounts, something is of value if the reasons support valuing it. Norm-attitude accounts face the partiality problem: in cases of partiality, what it is fitting to value, and what the reasons support valuing, may not line up with what’s valuable. Buck-passers have a solution to this problem and may claim that this gives them an advantage over fitting-attitude accounts. This chapter shows how fitting-attitudes accounts can offer a broadly analogous, and equally attractive, solution to the problem.
The Things We Envy
Authors: Protasi Sara
Published: October 2022

This chapter argues that fitting envy plays a special role in safeguarding our happiness and flourishing. After presenting her theory of envy and its fittingness conditions, the author contrasts Kant’s view that envy is always unfitting with D’Arms and Jacobson’s defence of fitting envy as an evolutionarily shaped response to a deep and wide human concern, that is, relative positioning. However, D’Arms and Jacobson don’t go far enough. First, the author expands on their analysis of positional goodness, distinguishing between an epistemic claim, according to which implicit or explicit comparison is used to know what position is occupied in a continuum of goodness, and thus to form judgements of goodness, and a metaphysical one, according to which much human goodness depends on implicit or explicit rankings and positionality. Second, the author argues that fitting envy is not only intrinsically valuable qua fitting response to authentic goodness, but can be epistemically, morally, and prudentially valuable.
Making Amends
Authors: Tierney Hannah
Published: October 2022

On one popular approach to blameworthiness, an agent is the fitting target of blame in virtue of culpably doing wrong. But this view faces a puzzle. If an agent culpably performs a wrong action, then this fact will always be true of them, and so they will be the fitting target of blame forever. But this seems counter-intuitive—we typically judge that it is not fitting to blame culpable wrongdoers in perpetuity. So, there must be more to being blameworthy over time than culpable wrongdoing. This chapter defends a reparative account of blameworthiness over time, according to which blameworthy agents have reparative obligations to their victims and remain the fitting target of blame until these obligations are fulfilled.
The Varieties and Complexities of Multimodal Hallucinations in Psychosis
Authors: Moseley Peter , Mitrenga Kaja
Published: October 2022

Despite the high prevalence of multimodal hallucinations in psychosis, limited research has been conducted on this subject, and little is known about the relationship between experiences in different modalities. Building upon the descriptions of these experiences from the Voices in Psychosis (VIP) interviews, the chapter discusses multimodal hallucinations in more detail, including both their prevalence and tendencies towards manifestation across specific modalities. It is observed that multimodal hallucinations can vary considerably in their described complexity (from fleeting shadows to clearly visible people), can sometimes be linked by agentic attribution (i.e. different experiences are believed to be different manifestations of the voice), and can be either temporally synchronous or asynchronous. These observations have ramifications for attempts to explain the underlying cognitive processes associated with hallucinations in psychosis.
Voices in Psychosis
Authors: Powell Hilary
Published: October 2022

Reading the transcripts of phenomenological interviews with voice-hearers, one is left with a composite image of dark, silhouetted ‘voices’, ‘mooching’ in doorways with holes for faces. They whisper, scold, and insult the voice-hearer, eroding their trust in themselves and their self-worth and, in several cases, persuading the voice-hearer to self-harm. These shadowy and dangerous figures are evocative of the demonic forms found in medieval saints’ lives and accounts of mystical experiences. But how can we ensure that the conversation between past and present moves beyond the small talk of similarities and differences towards a weightier, more mutually enhancing, even transformative conversation?
Household Ghosts and Personified Presences
Authors: Garratt Peter
Published: October 2022

Voices in psychosis and fictional voices can open a window on how we understand ghostly presences, whether as intimations of otherness or richly personified companions—what Charles Dickens simply calls ‘that someone else’ in his celebrated ghost story ‘The Signalman’ (1866). That ‘someone else’ might involve a multifaceted sense of otherness, as the Voices in Psychosis interviews suggest: a crowding and clamour, a whispering, or even a silent intimation of presence. The complexity of earlier attitudes towards ghosts—and the variety in Dickens’s imaginative use of voices—highlights how deeply culturally informed, and even strangely hospitable, this encounter can be.
Vagabond Narratives
Authors: Waugh Patricia
Published: October 2022

Home is the topos of our most intimate being. ‘[D]issolved and distributed’ in fragments within us (Rilke), it is the scene of our becoming persons, played out in affective, spatial, and temporal relation to the world throughout life. Every speaker in the Voices in Psychosis (VIP) transcripts is ‘without a settled home’: their vagabond voices articulate an experience of radical unhousing that disturbs boundaries between inside and outside, real and imaginary, past and present. Drawing on phenomenology and political theory, this chapter explores the complex relationship between the space of home—oneiric, haunted, never simply geometric—and the sense of personal identity, expressed in the often obsessional preoccupation with the locations, movements, amplifications, fading, masking, and boundary disruptions of voices. Can listening attentively liberate other ways of thinking about who or what is inside or out? Might voices ‘queer’ and liberate, even reverse, the pejorative semantics of the ‘vagabond’?
‘I Just Feel Like There’s Just Lots of People in My Head!’
Authors: Luce Anna , Barclay Nicola
Published: October 2022

Using cognitive analytic concepts, this chapter explores voice-hearers’ relationships with their voices and the meanings they give to them. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) aims to understand how current problems relate to earlier (relational) experiences. Therapist and client think together about the different ways that individuals have learnt to try to manage difficult feelings or experiences, and work together to discover new choices or ways of doing things. The concept of reciprocal roles is used in CAT to describe our templates for relating to others and to ourselves, which generally derive from our early relationships (i.e. with caregivers), but which can later become problematic. The chapter considers how reciprocal roles may be re-enacted during voice-hearing experiences, and how these ideas may be of use to both clinicians and clients.
‘Then I Open the Door and Walk into Their World’
Authors: Hart Akiko
Published: October 2022

I always knew that one day I would write about my personal experiences of felt presences. It surprises me that it is here, now, and in this way. When I read the Voices in Psychosis transcripts, I had to catch my breath: so many ghosts, unseen, unheard, slipping through them. And there was something in the act of reading which made me stop. I felt I could only respond with a confession of my own. Writing something so personal wasn’t easy. It’s not what I do: I’m the CEO of a charity. I spend much of my time in a mental health policy space. I am neither a voice-hearer nor a researcher. This discomfort shows, I think. It was hard to judge what felt safe to write, when words brought my presences to life. So I wrapped my experiences loosely around three themes: interiority, panopticism, and possibility. I hid them, to protect them and let them be. I tried to think of the child, the young adult I was. Here is my attempt to talk to her, about her.
Quantum Mentality
Authors: de Barros J. Acacio , Montemayor Carlos
Published: October 2022

In this chapter we argue that an access-consciousness version of panpsychism, which we call “panintentionalism” suffices, and is better equipped to account for the type of mentality involved in quantum mechanics than the standard one, based on phenomenal-consciousness. We provide details concerning the notion of “observer” in quantum mechanics to support our claims and conclude that, even if one accepts a panpsychist view of the universe, only a panintentionalist version is justified.
The Completeness of Quantum Mechanics and the Determinateness and Consistency of Intersubjective Experience
Authors: Silberstein Michael , Stuckey W. M.
Published: October 2022

Recent experiments (gedanken or otherwise) and theorems in quantum mechanics (QM) have led many people to claim that QM is not compatible with determinate and intersubjectively consistent experience, what some call the “absoluteness” of observed events; examples include new iterations on Wigner’s friend and delayed choice. Herein we provide a realist psi-epistemic take on QM that saves the absoluteness of observed events and the completeness of QM, without giving up free will or locality. We also show how our realist psi-epistemic account eliminates the measurement problem and, coupled with our take on neutral monism, also eliminates the hard problem of consciousness. On our view there is no need for conscious experience to explain measurement collapse nor any need for measurement collapse to resolve the hard problem. The key here is to reject the unquestioned assumptions that inexorably lead to the measurement problem and the hard problem. This will require a reconception of QM and, a reconception of matter, conscious experience and their relationship to one another.
The Roles Ascribed to Consciousness in Quantum Physics
Authors: Bitbol Michel
Published: October 2022

Two questions standardly arise about the connections between quantum mechanics and consciousness: “how can consciousness impose a reduction of the physical system’s quantum state?”; and, conversely, “how can consciousness be produced by a quantum process?”. In this paper, such questions are not answered, but considered as symptoms of a cultural bias. Indeed, they involve two terms, consciousness and physical systems, which make the mental attractor of dualism irresistible. As an antidote, the monistic standpoint of phenomenology is adopted. According to phenomenology, consciousness is no thing or property that may exist, but a misleading name for the precondition for any ascription of existence. Several standard conundrums of quantum mechanics are revisited from this standpoint. In particular, the measurement problem (with its concept of state reduction) is immediately dissolved if one adopts a phenomenology-compatible interpretation of quantum mechanics. This is the case of QBism, which starts everything afresh from a first-person standpoint.
Proposal to Use Humans to Switch Settings in a Bell Experiment
Authors: Hardy Lucien
Published: October 2022

In this paper I discuss how we might go about performing a Bell experiment in which humans are used to decide the settings at each end. To get a sufficiently high rate of switching at both ends, I suggest an experiment over a distance of about 100km with 100 people at each end wearing EEG headsets, with the signals from these headsets being used to switch the settings. The radical possibility we wish to investigate is that, when humans are used to decide the settings (rather than various types of random number generators), we might then expect to see a violation of Quantum Theory in agreement with the relevant Bell inequality. Such a result, while very unlikely, would be tremendously significant for our understanding of the world (and I will discuss some interpretations). Possible radical implications aside, performing an experiment like this would push the development of new technologies. The biggest problem would be to get sufficiently high rates wherein there has been a human induced switch at each end before a signal as to the new value of the setting could be communicated to the other end and, at the same time, a photon pair is detected. It looks like an experiment like this, while challenging, is just about feasible with current technologies.
New Physics for the Orch-OR Consciousness Proposal
Authors: Penrose Roger
Published: October 2022

The human ability to achieve conscious understanding is argued to be a non-computational process. For this to be in accordance with physical laws requires something beyond current physical theory, in supplying a physical basis for “the collapse of the wave function”, demoted OR. This is argued to be an effect of gravitation on quantum mechanics. OR events are what allow a firm classical reality to arise from a quantum reality having a somewhat weaker ontological status. When appropriately orchestrated, these “proto-conscious” OR events become genuine conscious processes according to the Orch-OR proposal. From the principles of relativity theory, it can be deduced that OR, and therefore Orch-OR, can have a certain “retro-active” effect, which can explain how conscious decisions can act within a very small fraction of a second, in contradiction with a conclusion frequently made, on the basis of various experiments, that such acts must be necessarily unconscious. Also, it provides an explanation for some puzzling related effects found by Benjamin Libet in the 1970s.
Orch OR and the Quantum Biology of Consciousness
Authors: Hameroff Stuart
Published: October 2022

The Orch OR theory attributes consciousness to “orchestrated” quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons. These terminate by Penrose objective reduction (OR), a process in the fine scale structure of the universe which introduces phenomenal experience and non-computability. Lattice polymers of tubulin proteins, microtubules organize intra-neuronal activities. The Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR theory suggests that microtubules 1) encode memory and process information, 2) orchestrate quantum vibrational superpositions (qubits) of pi electron resonance dipoles within tubulin which unify, entangle and 3) evolve to meet Orch OR threshold for full, rich conscious experience, most likely 4) in dendrites and soma of cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons, and 5) selection of microtubule states which regulate axonal firings and behavior. Penrose has further described 6) retroactivity inherent in OR and Orch OR, which can resolve Libet’s backward time referral, and rescue conscious free will. Orch OR has explanatory power, and is testable and falsifiable.
Strange Trails: Science to Metaphysics
Authors: Seager William
Published: October 2022

Quantum mechanics is notoriously difficult to interpret. What does the theory say our world is really like? And what is it to ‘interpret’ a theory in the first place? Here I argue that the goal of interpretation is intelligibility, a goal which has always accompanied basic scientific pursuits. Intelligibility aims to show how that the world – as a theory pictures it – can be made intuitively clear. Quantum mechanics seems incapable of supporting this feature of intelligibility. But there are distinct kinds of intelligibility. I identify three kinds: mundane, mathematical and metaphysical. Theories can meet the demands of intelligibility to a greater or lesser extent across all three kinds. Quantum theory grades very high in terms of mathematical intelligibility but very low on mundane intelligibility. This mismatch motivates the search for ‘interpretations’ of quantum mechanics. These are efforts to provide metaphysical intelligibility. Various examples are considered and I investigate David Bohm’s approach as a case of a radical metaphysics whose motivations are somewhat akin to those of Leibniz.
On the Place of Qualia in a Relational Universe
Authors: Smolin Lee
Published: October 2022

We propose an approach to the question of how qualia fit into the physical world, in the context of a relational and realist completion of quantum theory, called the causal theory of views. This is a combination of an approach to a dynamics of discrete causal structures, called energetic causal sets, developed with M. Cortes, with a realist approach to quantum foundations, called the real ensemble formulation. In this theory, the beables are the information available at each event from its causal past, such as its causal predecessors and the energy and momentum they transfer to the event. We call this the view of an event. That is, we describe a causal universe that is composed of a set of partial views of itself. We propose that conscious perceptions are aspects of some views. This addresses the problem of why consciousness always involves awareness of a bundled grouping of qualia that define a momentary self. This gives a restricted form of panpsychism defined by a physically based selection principle which selects which views have experiential aspects. We further propose that only those views which are novel, in the sense that they are not duplicates of the view of any event in the event's own causal past, are the physical correlates of conscious experience.
Ecological Intervention at the Macro Level
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken
Published: October 2022

This chapter describes efforts to address ecological adversity at the macro level. It is concerned with problems of system-level innovation and reform, program-level innovation, and broad issues of social policy. Intervention at this level is generally carried out by organizations and advocacy groups rather than individual workers or teams. Using the child welfare system as an example, the chapter reviews important contradictions in its mission and practices and discusses a variety of proposals for its reform. This discussion focuses on the problem of reactive or targeted systems and examines ways in which underlying drivers of involvement with child welfare could be addressed through universal services and universal efforts to support low-income families. The chapter concludes with a series of examples of system change and program innovations that have been undertaken by human service organizations and advocacy groups. This discussion sorts such efforts into program development, legal action, convening and collaboration initiatives, budgetary shifts, legislative/regulatory action, and training and technical assistance.
Final Thoughts and Questions for Moving Forward
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken
Published: October 2022

The concluding chapter summarizes some of the central themes of the book: the interconnectedness of multiple forms of ecological adversity, the complex and shifting challenges and constraints faced by parents and children, and the way in which accounts of these challenges are very often omitted from both intervention and policymaking. The problem of destructive cultural narratives which blame clients for their predicaments is described, and the shame and hopelessness that result is noted. The chapter addresses a series of potential challenges to adopting an ecological perspective such as the high cost of prevention, the political issues that often swirl around efforts to address social problems, insistence on the value of traditional interventions at the levels of the individual and the family, and the sheer enormity of fundamental causes such as poverty and racism. The chapter ends with a call to fully embrace an ecological perspective.
Connecting With Repertoire
Authors: Kelly-McHale Jacqueline
Published: October 2022

In our ever-changing demographic landscape, it has become important that music educators develop an awareness of the ways that their choices in the classroom connect to a broader historical, cultural, and political reality, especially when it comes to repertoire. Herein lies the need for teachers to make musical decisions based on an understanding and awareness of the historical, cultural, and political norms that have shaped music, especially when it comes to the concept of folk songs. Each song, every piece of music, contributes to a complex web of experiences that have the potential to shape students’ understanding of music in their lives and the ways that music connects across experience. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a rationale for the importance of recognizing and embracing the reality that musical decisions cannot be divorced from the historical, cultural, and political influences that shape musical experience.
Toward School and Community Musical Engagements
Authors: Veblen Kari K.
Published: October 2022

Although research in the field of general music education has customarily focused on school-based music making, it is increasingly apparent that there is value in considering the variety of ways in which music is learned, practiced, and valued in the world outside the classroom. This chapter explores musical engagements, intersections, and interfaces of community and schools in North America. The author investigates community music as culturally prescribed, context sensitive, dynamic, and adaptable. Central to the chapter is a descriptive typology of contexts that may be part of a young person’s musical world in the United States and Canada. Indeed, the impetus for considering school-community links frequently arises from the demographics of a given classroom and the desire to promote relevant and significant musical opportunities. Vignettes and case studies are interwoven with current research to illustrate diverse strategies for school and community engagements.
Perceiving and Responding Through Analysis
Authors: Paney Andrew S. , Buonviri Nathan O.
Published: October 2022

When students understand the music they hear, they can respond in thoughtful and creative ways. All students can develop analytical listening skills that lead to greater musical understanding, interaction, enjoyment, and music making. The purpose of this chapter is threefold: (1) to demonstrate the value of aural analysis in music education, (2) to offer a theoretical framework for inclusion of analysis in curriculum development, and (3) to provide applications in the general music classroom. The chapter concludes with lesson ideas designed to help primary and secondary school students know music better, through their ears, in relevant and lasting ways. The plans incorporate popular music, technology, and diverse cultural influences to reflect the rapidly evolving world in which students are experiencing music.
Naquib Al-Attas
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: October 2022

Chapter 1 examines the ideas of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, who is one of the most influential modern Muslim thinkers. He is, to put it succinctly, a desecularist who has engaged in a philosophical and thoroughgoing rejection of secularism. He does not accept the transplanting and grafting of Islam with that of secularism, yet he is also not concerned with revolutions and the overthrow of governments. He views secularism as an ideology to be assessed, critiqued, and overcome in the path to promulgating a new form of knowledge and an alternative worldview firmly rooted in the Islamic traditions. He offers a unique view of secularism as an ungodly ideology and historical process that grew from the fusion of conflicting worldviews—Greco-Roman, Judaic, and Western Christian.