bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Application of NbS in Watershed Ecological Restoration: A Case Study of Jiulong River Watershed Shan-Shui Initiative
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Rui , Tian Ye
Published: November 2023

Nature-based solutions (NbS) rapidly develop globally to address societal challenges and provide human well-being and biodiversity. Watershed restoration plays an essential role in enhancing the ecological and socio-economic benefits of the region. The design and implementation of watershed restoration projects play a crucial role in their effectiveness, and NbS has been applied as a concept in ecosystem-related projects. This paper provides an idea to evaluate the design or implementation of watershed restoration projects based on the eight criteria proposed by the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-Based Solutions and to adjust the projects based on the evaluation results. The aim is to standardize the implementation process of watershed restoration projects to achieve more significant benefits and practically apply the concept of NbS in watershed restoration. implementation scheme of the Shan-Shui Initiative in the Jiulong River Watershed and concludes that the method is feasible in evaluating and improving the design and implementation scheme of ecological restoration projects in the actual basin. According to the assessment results, the degree of matching based on NbS for the implementation scheme of the Jiulong River Watershed Shan-Shui Initiative is 73%, which meets the criteria of NbS but needs to be improved in terms of monitoring and assessment, synergistic management, and benefit trade-offs.
COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis and Cytomegalovirus Infection – A Case Report
Authors: Khan Misha Aftab , Zaina Fatima , Parvez Syed Shahrukh , Bhatti Jamil Muqtadir , Das Sant , Boussios Stergios
Published: November 2023

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that is increasingly affecting patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). This connection is particularly pronounced in specific populations, including individuals with diabetes or those who have recently undergone corticosteroid therapy. Additionally, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication among COVID-19 patients who have previously received corticosteroid or other immune-modulatory treatments. In this case report, we present the clinical details of a 56-year-old male who developed post-COVID pneumonia complicated by both cutaneous mucormycosis and CMV infection.
Agrobacterium Is a Proposed Suitable System for Bioassays and Resistance Studies on Antimicrobial Peptides with Plant Protection Potential
Authors: Furgani Ghazala M. , Makrai László , Vozik Dávid , Kiss János , Olasz Ferenc , Klein Michael Gardner , Ghaffar Muhamad-Akbar Bin-Abdul , Szabados László , Noureldeen Ahmed , Bélafi-Bakó Katalin , Fodor László , Forst Steven A. , Fodor András
Published: November 2023

Keywords: Agrobacterium 1; Xenorhabdus 2; NR-AMP 3 T-DNA keyword 4; TI-plasmid 5; Intact/Cured/T-DNA Deleted 6 Sensitive/Resistant 7; EMA_PF2 8; HPLC 9
Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Performance of Epoxy Resin Composites for Marine Applications
Authors: Şomoghi Raluca , Mihai Sonia , Teodorescu George-Mihail , Vuluga Zina , Gabor Augusta Raluca , Nicolae Cristian-Andi , Trică Bogdan , Vătău Daniel Mihai Stănescu , Oancea Florin
Published: November 2023

In this study, the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (Zn NPs) on the performance of epoxy resin composites was investigated. The new ZnO/epoxy resin composites were synthesized using halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and different types of ZnO nanoparticles (commercial ZnO and ZnO-ODTES). These ZnO nanoparticles were utilized for intending to enhance the interfacial bonding between the epoxy resin and the reinforcement. Various methods such as FTIR, TGA, DSC, TEM-EDX, and Nanoindentation analyses were used to prove that the ZnO nanoparticles can improve the properties of epoxy resin composites. The thermal properties of the epoxy resin composites were enhanced to a greater extent by the addition of ZnO NPS. DSC testing proved that the epoxy resin composites modified with ZnO NPS are more flexible and elastic than unmodified epoxy resin. It was seen that the epoxy resin modified with ZnO-ODTES shows a much improved hardness and penetration depth compared to the other samples. These findings can pave the way for the developing of ZnO-based marine coatings with improved properties.
Prodiagnostic Power of Delta Neutrophil Index and Mean Platelet Component in the Sepsis-Suspected Febrile Patients
Authors: Lee Taehun , Lee Jongwook , Shin Dong Hoon , LEE Hyungdon , Kim Soo-ki
Published: November 2023

Background The Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI), a prodiagnostic marker for sepsis, utilizes leukocyte count. Platelet activation, similar to leukocytes, plays a crucial role in host defence against pathogens and may serve as a predictor of sepsis outcome. However, the combined evaluation of Mean Platelet Component (MPC) and DNI in assessing sepsis has been rarely used. Methods To assess the prodiagnostic validity of simultaneous utilization of DNI and MPC in cases of human febrile sepsis, we conducted measurements of cellular indices, including DNI and MPC, as well as molecular biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). This study was carried out on patients admitted to the emergency department with suspected sepsis. Results Using a cutoff value of 2.65%, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of DNI in sepsis were found to be 69%, 73.9%, 77.9%, and 64.1%, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences in DNI and MPC levels were observed between the sepsis and non-sepsis groups (6.7±7.8% versus 2.1±2.2%, P=0.000 and 26.0±1.9 g/dl versus 26.8±1.4 g/dl, P=0.002), respectively. Notably, there was a negative correlation between DNI and MPC, with the strength of the correlation varying based on the cause of sepsis. By setting the cutoff value for DNI at 6.2%, the sensitivity, specificity, and NPV improved to 100%, 80.3%, and 100%, respectively, although the PPV remained at 10.6%. Importantly, the DNI≥6.2 group exhibited a higher incidence of death (10.9%, 5/46) and multiorgan failure (19.6%, 9/46) compared to the DNI<6.2 group (0.0%, 0/46 and 0.0%, 0/167, respectively) (P=0.000 and P=0.000, respectively). Conclusions In our study, DNI demonstrates superior effectiveness compared to other molecular biomarkers such as CRP and procalcitonin in distinguishing febrile septic patients from febrile nonseptic patients and predicting prognosis. Additionally, there exists a negative correlation between MPC and DNI, making MPC a valuable marker for differentiating the etiology of sepsis. These findings hold significant clinical implications as DNI/MPC is a cost-effective and readily applicable approach in various impending sepsis scenarios. Notably, this study represents the first examination of the prodiagnostic validity of simultaneously employing DNI and MPC in human cases of febrile sepsis.
Excesso de óbitos classificados com códigos garbage na pandemia de Covid-19, no estado da Paraíba
Authors: Araújo da Silva Everlane Suane , Antonio Alves de Araujo Matheus
Published: November 2023

No cenário de calamidade assistido durante a pandemia de Covid-19, o ato de definir a causa básica de um óbito não foi trivial e o aumento da utilização dos códigos garbage (códigos mal definidos ou pouco específicos) traz preocupação em relação à qualidade da informação sobre as causas de morte nos estados do Brasil. Constatou-se um aumento significativo do número de óbitos no período pandêmico no estado da Paraíba, localizado na região Nordeste do Brasil, situação que se assemelhou ao contexto nacional. Em 2020 ocorreram 31.107 óbitos na Paraíba, enquanto no período de 2015 a 2019 foi identificada uma média de 27.000 óbitos. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar e mensurar o excesso de óbitos classificados com códigos garbage em 2020, no estado da Paraíba, durante a pandemia de Covid-19. As séries temporais de óbitos foram obtidas do Painel de Monitoramento da Mortalidade por Causas Básicas Inespecíficas ou Incompletas (garbage codes) do Ministério da Saúde, para todos os meses de 2015 a 2020. Foram calculadas as projeções de óbitos totais e dos óbitos por códigos garbage (CG). O cálculo do excesso da proporção de óbitos classificados por códigos garbage no estado da Paraíba, em 2020, resultou em 8,58%, destacando-se o mês de junho com o maior valor (19,42%). Espera-se contribuir para avanços no conhecimento da realidade da qualidade da informação da notificação dos óbitos em uma área do país que almeja avanços nesse sentido e evidenciar a necessidade da investigação em outras localidades do Brasil.
The Development of The Flows of Educational Philosophy: Theoretical Concept and Implementation in 21st-Century Learning
Authors: Saputri Dwi Yuniasih , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: November 2023

The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the development of the flow of educational philosophy: theoretical concepts and implementation in 21st-century learning. This is a systemic literature review. The literature finding was done through the Semantic Scholar database and book review with the topic of the development of education flow and its implementation. Each education has a different view of human development. This is based on the dominant factors that serve as the basis for human development. The implementation in education can be seen from several aspects, including the meaning of education, education goals, curriculum, learning, and the role of teachers in learning. The result of the research is that understanding the flow of education is very important when an educator or teacher wants to keep abreast of educational developments. The result of this thinking is called the flow or new education movement. The flow/movement affects education around the world, including in Indonesia. The philosophy of education can determine the learning process such as determining models, methods, strategies, and evaluation in learning. It cannot be said that one flow is better than another because its use is adjusted to the level of need, current situation, and conditions. The research concludes that each flow has its principles. Three flows influence human development, namely (1) Nativism, this flow states that human development is influenced by innate factors from birth. (2) Empiricism states that human development is caused by environmental factors. (3) Convergence states that human development is influenced by the interaction between the carrier and the environment.
Creative Training for Singing Keroncong Songs for Vocational School Teachers
Authors: Latifah Diah , Karwati Uus , Milyartini Rita
Published: November 2023

Kegiatan menyanyi keroncong bagi guru SMK mata pelajaran harus memenuhi hasil belajar sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku. Salah satu caranya yaitu dengan menerapkan kreativitas dalam bernyanyi keroncong. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengaji keunggulan pelatihan lagu Keroncong untuk memicu kreativitas bernyanyi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Pangandaran pada bulan Agustus 2022. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatf dengan teknik pengumpulan data, observasi dan wawancara. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 21 orang guru partisipan pasif dan partisipan aktif berjumalh 7 orang dengan kegiatan pelatihan sebanyak 5 kali. Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan dengan kegiatan penguatan sensitivitas rasa ritmik, melalui praktek musik ritmik pada lagu yang berjudul “Lagu Keroncong” dan “Kota Bandung”. Pelatihan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan mengolah dan memperindah melodi lagu Keroncong dengan menggunakan ornament vocal. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah kualitatif, deskriptif dengan cara menjelaskan dan menafsirkan proses dan hasil pelatihan kreatif bernyanyi Keroncong. Kegiatan pelatihan kreatif bernyanyi Keroncong berhasil memicu kreativitas partisipan, untuk mengelola motif dalam melodi baik secara ritmikal ataupun secara intervalis.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Menggunakan Moodle Sinkronus Asinkronus Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Guru SD
Authors: Khairiyah Ummu , Retnaningsih Lina Eka , Masruroh Masruroh , Haryono Heny Ekawati
Published: November 2023

Program Sekolah Penggerak (PSP) is one of the effort made by the government to realize the vision on Indonesian education to become advanced, sovereign, independent, have a personality and create a profile  of Pancasila students. Through the driving school program, several activities were carried out, one of which was an online Learning Committee Training (PKP) which was attended by principals and teachers for 10 days using a moodle with an asynchronous synchronous approach. In this study, it will be emphasized whether using a synchronous asynchronous approach is effective in understanding the implementation of an independent curriculum as indicated by the results of the pre-test and post-test. The research subjects used were 18 people consisting of 6 principals and 12 elemetary school teacher from 6 different schools. The result obtained, it was found that the training using the  asynchronous synchronous approach was effective in increasing understanding about the implementation of the independent curriculum in elementary schools.
Implementation of Project-based Learning Model to Increase Creativity of Fifth Grade Students at 1st Ledok Salatiga Elementary School
Authors: Wibowo Luth Prasandi Eko , Winanto Adi
Published: November 2023

Creativity is needed to face challenges in the digital era and industrial revolution 4.0. This research aims to increase the creativity of students through the Project-based Learning (PjBL) model. The type of research is classroom action research. This study consisted of pre-cycle and two cycles. Each cycle carried out the stages of action planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 21 students in fifth grade at  1st Ledok Salatiga Elementary School. Instruments used in data collection by observation sheets and creativity tests. Data analysis uses an interactive model consisting of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The indicator of this research is an increase in the average value of creativity of at least 85%. The results showed that the acquisition of a creativity score in pre-cycle was 41% (low category), creativity in cycle I obtained 61.5% (moderate category) and in cycle II increased creativity obtained 85% (high category). It can be concluded that the implementation of the PjBL model can increase the creativity of fifth grade students at 1st Ledok Salatiga Elementary School.
Pengaruh Bahan Ajar Ragam Tulis Terintegrasi Berbasis Multiliterasi Terhadap Kemampuan Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi
Authors: Adiredja Rajji K. , Hartati Tatat , Riyana Cepi
Published: November 2023

Kemampuan literasi dan multiliterasi yang rendah serta tujuan pembelajaran di sekolah untuk melatihkan kemampuan KBTT, sehingga perlu untuk menerapkan bahan ajar berbasis kemampuan kemampuan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan Pengaruh Bahan Ajar Ragam Tulis Terintegrasi Berbasis Keterampilan Berfikir Tingkat Tinggi dan Multiliterasi Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi.  Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen dan Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design (desain kelompok tunggal dengan pretest dan posttest). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN 5 Regol, SDN 2 Karangmulya, dan SDN 2 Pameungpeuk. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh bahan ajar ragam tulis terintegrasi berbasis keterampilan berfikir tingkat tinggi dan multiliterasi terhadap kemampuan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan skor pada hasil posttest siswa. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan rumus statistic uji t menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan bahwa Sig. (2 tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05 ,maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima hipotesis menyatakan bahwa ada perbedaan hasil KBTT antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan bahan ajar. Berdasarkan analisis data tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan KBTT anak antara sebelum dan sesudah diberi bahan ajar. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh bahan ajar terhadap KBTT.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Pembelajaran Sekolah dan Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas Tinggi SD Negeri 2 Karangsari Kebumen Tahun 2021-2022
Authors: Pamungkas Hidayat Cahya , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan pembelajaran sekolah dan dukungan orang tua terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas tinggi SD Negeri 2 Karangsari Kebumen tahun 2021-2022. Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan analisis regresi linear ganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) kualitas pelayanan pembelajaran sekolah berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas tinggi SD Negeri 2 Karangsari Kebumen, artinya semakin baik kualitas pelayanan pembelajaran sekolah akan berdampak pada peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa; (2) dukungan orang tua berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas tinggi SD Negeri 2 Karangsari Kebumen, artinya semakin baik dukungan orang maka ada peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa; (3) kualitas pelayanan pembelajaran sekolah dan dukungan orang tua berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas tinggi SD Negeri 2 Karangsari Kebumen, artinya semakin baik kualitas pelayanan pembelajaran sekolah disertai dukungan orang tua yang tinggi maka ada peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa.
The Effect of Screen Time on Learning Achievement to Fifth Grade Students of Public Elementary Schools in Kebumen Sub-District in Academic Year of 2021/2022
Authors: Fathah Kamila , Suhartono Suhartono , Chamdani Muhamad
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh screen time terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri di Kecamatan Kebumen pada tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Metode penelitian kuantitatif digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan populasi 1.304 siswa dan sampel 316 siswa. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Persyaratan analisis data adalah sebaran data yang normal dan terdapat hubungan linier. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan batas toleransi kesalahan 5%. Analisis regresi linier menunjukkan nilai sig. 0,000 < 0,05 yang artinya terdapat pengaruh screen time terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Sumbangan pengaruh tersebut sebesar 3,8% yang menunjukkan kontribusi screen time pada prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SD. Sebanyak 96,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh screen time terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri di Kecamatan Kebumen tahun ajaran 2021/2022.
Penggunaan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 2 Waluyo Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Fitania Mela , Suhartono Suhartono , Ngatman Ngatman
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan langkah penggunaan model Discovery Learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda, (2) meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda dengan penggunaan model Discovery Learning, serta (3) mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi penggunaan model Discovery Learning dalam peningkatan hasil belajar IPA tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) kolaboratif yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan peserta didik kelas Vb SDN 2 Waluyo tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 30 peserta didik. Data yang dianalisis berupa data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, observasi, dan wawancara. Uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Children’s Learning In Science (CLIS) Dengan Media Flip Chart Untuk Meningkatkan Pembelajaran IPA Tentang Zat Tunggal dan Zat Campuran Pada Siswa Kelas V SD N 1 Selang Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Ludfiani Rahma Arifah , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah , Susiani Tri Saptuti
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pembelajaran IPA tentang zat tunggal dan zat campuran pada siswa kelas V melalui penerapan model CLIS dengan media flip chart. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas V SDN 1 Selang. Data yang digunakan berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilaksanakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penilaian keterampilan proses pada siklus I 74,16%, siklus II 83,46%, dan siklus III 90,00%. Hasil penilaian sikap pada siklus I 74,07%, siklus II 82,98%, dan siklus III 87,96%. Hasil belajar pada siklus I 67,38%, siklus II 80,43%, siklus III 91,30%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model CLIS dengan media flip chart dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran IPA tentang zat tunggal dan zat campuran pada siswa kelas V SDN 1 Selang tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya yang telah dilakukan oleh Amal, Muhammad, & Sriwahyuni (2021: 95) bahwa penerapan model CLIS dapat meningkatkan rasa percaya diri siswa dalam bertanya, ada hubungan interaksi antar teman dan hasil belajar kognitif.
Pengaruh Kebiasaan Belajar Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Materi Volume Kubus dan Balok Kelas V SDN se-Kecamatan Gumelar Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Oktafiani Inke , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menganalisis pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari kebiasaan belajar tinggi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis materi volume kubus dan balok, (2) menganalisis pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari kebiasaan belajar sedang terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis materi volume kubus dan balok, (3) menganalisis pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari kebiasaan belajar rendah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis materi volume kubus dan balok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif jenis expost facto dengan metode regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebiasaan belajar tinggi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis (Sig.0,002 ≤ 0,05), kebiasaan belajar sedang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis (Sig. 0,000 ≤ 0,05), dan kebiasaan belajar rendah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis materi volume kubus dan balok kelas V SDN se-Kecamatan Gumelar tahun ajaran 2021/2022 (Sig. 0,002 ≤ 0,05). Semakin tinggi kebiasaan belajar, maka kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya. Upaya peningkatan kebiasaan belajar siswa dapat dilakukan dengan memperbaiki cara atau teknik belajar seperti membuat jadwal, membuat catatan dan membaca buku teks, mengulangi bahan pelajaran, berkonsentrasi saat belajar, mengerjakan tugas dengan disiplin, mengasah diri dengan mengerjakan soal latihan, memperhatikan pembelajaran dengan sungguh-sungguh, dan belajar jauh hari ketika akan melaksanakan ujian. Upaya tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Penerapan Model Quantum Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar SBdP tentang Tari Kreasi Daerah pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Pasiraman Lor Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Roshy Diana , Susiani Tri Saptuti , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: November 2023

Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan langkah penerapan model Quantum Teaching, untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar SBdP tentang tari kreasi daerah, dan untuk mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi. Penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Data yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan nontes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) penerapan model Quantum Teaching dilaksanakan dengan langkah: (a) tumbuhkan, (b) alami, (c) namai, (d) demonstrasikan, (e) ulangi, dan (f) rayakan; (2) model Quantum Teaching dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar SBdP tentang tari kreasi daerah; (3) kendala dalam penelitian ini, siswa kurang aktif bertanya dan menganggapi hasil diskusi. Adapun solusinya, memotivasi siswa untuk aktif bertanya dan menanggapi.
Analisis Penggunaan Aplikasi Ruangguru Untuk Menyelesaikan Pekerjaan Rumah (PR) Ditinjau dari Perkembangan Kognitif Siswa Kelas IVD SD Negeri Kutajaya I
Authors: Mahira Puan Rafida , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah
Published: November 2023

Aplikasi Ruangguru adalah sumber belajar berbasis teknologi yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan PR di kelas IVD. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan manfaat yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan Aplikasi Ruangguru sebagai sumber belajar untuk menyelesaikan Pekerjaan Rumah (PR) di kelas IVD SD Negeri Kutajaya I dan menganalisis dampak pada hasil belajar siswa kelas IVD SD Negeri Kutajaya I yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan Aplikasi Ruangguru sebagai sumber belajar untuk menyelesaikan Pekerjaan Rumah (PR). Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari wawancara, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan Studi Dokumen melalui hasil penilaian siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi Ruangguru dimanfaatkan untuk memudahkan siswa dalam menyelesaikan PR; dampak pada perkembangan kognitif siswa yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan Aplikasi Ruangguru diidentifikasi melalui analisis dokumen hasil belajar siswa pada PR Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, dan IPA. Pada penilaian ceklis yang dilakukan oleh guru melalui pengamatan pada siswa selama proses pembelajaran di kelas menunjukkan hasil bahwa adanya perkembangan kognitif yang dialami oleh siswa melalui kegiatan mengerjakan PR menggunakan Aplikasi Ruangguru dan dibuktikan juga melalui nilai PR siswa yang sudah mencapai Kriterian Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 65. Nilai yang diperoleh siswa juga mengalami peningkatan. Penggunaan Aplikasi Ruangguru sebagai sumber belajar berbasis teknologi memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap perkembangan kognitif siswa.
Analisis Implementasi Manajemen Kelas Dalam Pembelajaran Siswa Kelas V di MIN 4 Sragen Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Maharani Melisa Anggun , Chamdani Muhamad , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, (2) implementasi manajemen kelas, dan (3) menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi manajemen kelas dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode mixed methods. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa kelas V MIN 4 Sragen. Data yang digunakan berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilaksanakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan berada pada kategori sangat layak (81%-100%) sesuai dengan indikator RPP dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran , (2) Implementasi Manajemen Kelas yang telah dilaksnakan berada pada kategori sangat layak layak (81%-100%) sesuai dengan indikator manajemen kelas. dan (3) Implementasi manajemen kelas dalam pembelajaran berdampak pada siswa yaitu dapat memahami materi pembelajaran dengan baik dan memiliki sikap positif. Namun, terdapat kendala dalam implementasi manajemen kelas dalam pembelajaran di MIN 4 Sragen dan dioptimalkan dengan upaya yang sesuai dengan permasalahan tersebut. Implementasi manajemen kelas dalam pembelajaran dengan baik maka akan berdampak positif terhadap pembelajaran.
Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Learning Cell Terhadap Keterampilan Bertanya Siswa Kelas V SDN Segugus Imam Bonjol Kecamatan Sapuran Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Amiliyah Amiliyah , Susiani Tri Saptuti , Hidayah Ratna
Published: November 2023

Rendahnya keterampilan bertanya siswa menunjukkan masih lemahnya proses pembelajara di sekolah. Penelitian eksperimen semu dengan bentuk Pretest Posttest Only Control Group Design ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh strategi pembelajaran learning cell terhadap keterampilan bertanya siswa kelas V SDN se-Gugus Imam Bonjol Kecamatan Sapuran tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dengan teknik analisis data meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji non parametrik yaitu uji wilcoxon signed test dan mann whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Sig. pada uji nonparametrik sebesar 0.000. Sig. 0.000< 0.05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran learning cell berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan bertanya siswa kelas V SDN se-Gugus Imam Bonjol Kecamatan Sapuran tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Penggunaan strategi learning cell sebagai suatu alternatif untuk dapat membantu guru dalam menciptakan suasana pembelajaran aktif.
Penerapan Pendekatan Blended Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Tentang Kalor dan Perpindahannya Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 5 Kutosari Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Arrifa'i Khasanudin , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah , Hidayah Ratna
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang kalor dan Perpindahannya pada siswa kelas V melalui penerapan pendekatan Blended Learning. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian ialah guru dan siswa kelas V SD Negeri 5 Kutosari. Data yang digunakan berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilaksanakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pembelajaran IPA tentang kalor dan perpindahannya dengan pendekatan Blended Laerning, persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa siklus I sebesar 90%, pada siklus II  sebesar 91,66%, dan pada siklus III sebesar 93,33%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan Blended Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA tentang kalor dan perpindahannya pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 5 Kutosari tahun ajaran 2021/2022.
Application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model with Audio Visual Media to Increase Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Mathematics on Decimal Number Material for Grade IV Students of SD Negeri 5 Bumirejo Academic Year 2022/2023
Authors: Masykuroh Inayatul , Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to describe the steps for implementing Problem Based Learning with audio-visual media to increase motivation and mathematics learning outcomes, and describe the constraints and solutions in learning with audio visual media. The subjects were teachers and fourth grade students at SDN 5 Bumirejo. The data were qualitative and quantitative. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and tests. Data validity used triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques. Data analysis included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The interview on students’ learning motivation in mathematics about decimals described 57.66% in the first cycle, 70.06 in the second cycle, and 87.40% in third cycle. The students’ learning outcomes increased 70.73% in the first cycle, 79.63% in the second cycle, and 88.89% in the third cycle. It concludes that the implementation of Problem Based Learning with audio visual media improves motivation and mathematics learning outcomes about decimals to fourth grade students of SDN 5 Bumirejo in academic 2022/2023
Penerapan Metode Outdoor Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Purwodadi Kecamatan Kuwarasan
Authors: Efendi Astika Rizkiana , Suhartono Suhartono Suhartono , Susiani Tri Saptuti
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah Outdoor Learning, meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS, serta mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi yang ditemui dalam pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian penelitian ialah guru dan siswa kelas V SDN Purwodadi Kecamatan Kuwarasan. Data yang digunakan berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilaksanakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar IPS dengan metode Outdoor Learning. Persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siklus siklus I = 78,57%, siklus II = 88,09%, dan siklus III = 90,47%. Kendala yang ditemui yaitu siswa kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran, serta adapun solusi yaitu memberi stimulus dan motivasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode Outdoor Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS tentang interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan pada siswa kelas V SDN Purwodadi Kecamatan Kuwarasan tahun ajaran 2022/2023.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar IPAS Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Hastiwi Fina , Khasanah Uswatun , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini didasarkan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang mendorong partisipasi aktif peserta didik dan meningkatkan pemahaman konsep materi IPAS. Keaktifan peserta didik merupakan faktor penting yang berpengaruh pada peningkatan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar menggunakan model Problem Based Learning. Jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dilakukan dua siklus masing-masing siklus dua kali pertemuan. Analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian, kesimpulan. Metode penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis hasil belajar. Keaktifan dinilai berdasarkan partisipasi dalam diskusi, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kerjasama dalam kelompok. Hasil belajar diukur melalui tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tahap prasiklus persentase keaktifan yaitu 50%, siklus I sebesar 63% dan meningkat pada siklus II mencapai 83%. Peningkatan hasil belajar tahap prasiklus 40,74%, siklus I sebesar 53,69% dan siklus II mencapai 81,33%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ketercapaian indikator keberhasilan dengan kategori sangat baik. Kesimpulannya bahwa penggunaan model PBL dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar IPAS.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Gambar Kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 TA 2022/2023
Authors: Nisa Khoirun , Khasanah Uswatun , Sulistiyaningsih Wiwik
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL berbantuan media gambar pada kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, tes, dan studi dokumen. Peningkatan hasil belajar dibatasi pada kemampuan kognitif peserta didik yang dapat bersumber pada nilai rata-rata peserta didik pada tiap siklusnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan penggunaan model PBL berbantuan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2. Hasil belajar siklus I dengan rata-rata 70,62 dan ketuntasan klasikal 55,77%, mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi rata-rata 86,46 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 82,69%. Penggunaan model PBL dapat membuat peserta didik aktif dalam pembelajaran serta karena masalah yang dihadirkan pada pembelajaran merupakan hal yang terjadi dalam kehidupan mereka makan peserta didik lebih antusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Media gambar membantu peserta didik memahami hal abstrak sehingga lebih mudah untuk diterima dan dipahami oleh peserta didik.
Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Penjumlahan Bersusun Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Kelas II SDN Sukoharjo 01 Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Karimah Nur , Widayati Mukti , Khosyiatun Khosyiatun
Published: November 2023

Penelitiannini dilatar belakangi dengan rendahnya hasil belajar yang dicapai oleh siswa terutama pada matematika penjumlahan bersusun kelas 2. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai siswa yang masih dibawah KKM 70. Salah satunya dengan menerapkan model problem based learning yang menjadi solusi terhadap permasalahan ini, sehingga peniliti ingin melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang penerapan model PBL untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Tujuanndari penelitian ini untukmmengetahui hasil belajar matematika penjumlahan bersusun melalui model problem based learning. Pada penelitian tindakan kelas ini tentang hasil belajar matematika penjumlahan bersusun mengalami peningkatan walaupun masih ada beberapa siswa yang belum menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar.Hasil belajar matematika mengalami peningkatan yaitu pra siklus awalnya 9%, siklus I sebesar 64%, siklus II sebesar 82%, serta siklus III sebesar 91%. Kesimpulan peneilitian ini yaitu model problem based learning dapat meningkatkan hasiI belajar peserta didik pada materi penjumlahan bersusun kelas II SDN Sukoharjo 01 tahun ajaran 2023/2024.
Understanding the Historical Emergence of Islamic Finance in Indonesia: An Institutional and Social Movement Perspetive
Authors: Indrastomo Banjaran Surya , Kasri Rahmatina Awaliah , Hendranastiti Nur Dhani
Published: November 2023

Despite the rapid growth of Islamic finance globally, studies have not yet attempted to rationalise how it emerged and developed. Therefore, drawing on a dialogue between institutional and social movement theories, this study aims to understand the process that led to the emergence and development of Islamic finance in Indonesia. Based on primary data collected from 32 Indonesian Islamic finance activists and other relevant sources, the study suggests that the emergence and development of the Islamic financial institution in Indonesia was an outcome of the changing approach of the Islamic economic movement in realising its goals, shifting from an experimental outsider initiative to an internally generated one that attempts to effect change from within. Furthermore, the dynamic development of Islamic finance in Indonesia can be framed and categorised into several periods: an introduction period (1983–1992), a recognition period (1993–2004), a crystallisation period (2005–2014), and a centralisation period (2014–present). These results are expected to enrich the literature on the emergence of Islamic finance and provide insights to develop and ‘reform’ the Islamic financial institution to realise its idealism.
Live Face: Pavel Sergeevich Popov about Ivan Vasilyevich Popov (Preface to the Publication of the Chapter “I.V. Popov” from the Memories of P.S. Popov). Popov, Pavel S., I.V. Popov, publ. Semenova, Angelina I.
Authors: Semenova Angelina I.
Published: November 2023

Memoirs about the professor of the Moscow Theological Academy and Moscow University Ivan Vasilyevich Popov (1867–1938) continue the series of publica­tions of separate chapters of the book of memoirs of Pavel Sergeevich Popov (1892–1964) “Images of the past. Memories from university, gymnasium and childhood years”. Immersion in the text of memoirs opens up for us today a wide cultural, historical and existential context, which allows us to take a fresh look at the intellectual heritage of Russian thinkers – the heroes of P.S. Popov’s me­moirs. With each new deciphered page of manuscripts of memoirs, the sides and facets of P.S. Popov’s writing talent are fully revealed to the reader. A “smart” chronicler, demonstrating the ability to subtly and extremely reliably reveal the appearance and character of his colleagues, their manner and style of beha­vior, scientific strategies and features of the movement of thought, the sphere of professional, friendly and family communication, to expose internal and ex­ternal ideological ties, Popov knows how to subordinate details of the image of the accurately grasped dominant of the personality, its main content, psycho­logically conditioned motive and aspirations in scientific programs and research. This is how a gallery of portraits of Russian philosophers is compiled, behind each of which, thanks to a stereoscopically recreated figure, the observer will al­ways be able to see not so much an outline of an intellectual biography but a “living face”. In this case, it is thanks to the detailed portrait characteristics that we get the opportunity to discover I.V. Popov not only as a strict rational “theo­logian”-positivist, as he reveals himself in his works, and as P.S. Popov knew him as a teacher and researcher of medieval philosophy, but also as a deeply and sincerely believing person who, like a true Christian, never talked about his faith, did not put this truly intimate side of his life on display.
A topographical atlas of α-synuclein cell type-specific expression in adult mouse brain and peripheral organs
Authors: Rousseaux Maxime W C , Geertsma Haley , Fisk Zoe , Sauline Lillian , Prigent Alice , Kurgat Kevin , Callaghan Steve , Tomlinson Julianna , Henderson Michael
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and presents pathologically with Lewy pathology and dopaminergic neuron loss. Lewy pathology contains aggregated ⍺Synuclein (⍺Syn), a protein encoded by the SNCA gene which is also mutated or duplicated in a subset of familial PD cases. Due to its predominant presynaptic localization, immunostaining for the protein results in diffuse parenchymal reactivity, providing little insight into the types of cells expressing ⍺Syn. As a result, insight into ⍺Syn expression driven cellular vulnerability has been difficult to ascertain. Using a combination of knock-in mice that target ⍺Syn to the nucleus of cells (SncaNLS) and in situ hybridization of Snca in wild-type mice, we systematically mapped the topography and cell types expressing ⍺Syn in the mouse brain, spinal cord, retina, and gut. We find a high degree of correlation between ⍺Syn protein and RNA levels across multiple brain regions and further identify cell types with low and high ⍺Syn content. As expected, we found that ⍺Syn is highly expressed in neurons, particularly those involved in PD and to a lower extent in non-neuronal cell types, notably those of oligodendrocyte lineage, which are relevant to the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy. Surprisingly, we also find that ⍺Syn is relatively absent from select neuronal clusters, e.g., ChAT-positive motor neurons, whereas enteric neurons universally express some degree of ⍺Syn. We also present a web-based platform allowing for user-friendly interrogation of these results. Taken together, this integrated atlas provides much-needed insight into the cellular topography of ⍺Syn, and provides a quantitative map to test hypotheses about the role of ⍺Syn in network vulnerability, and thus serves investigations into PD pathogenesis and other αSynucleinopathies.
From Fields to Photovoltaics: Effects of Agrisolar Co-Location on Food, Energy, Water, and Economic Security
Authors: Stid Jacob , Shukla Siddharth , Kendall Anthony , Anctil Annick , Hyndman David , Rapp Jeremy , Anex Robert
Published: November 2023

Achieving sustainable net-zero energy production requires understanding how solar PV installations affect the landscape and its critical resources. To enhance this understanding, we investigate agrisolar co-location, which is land that is broadly co-managed for agricultural production, solar photovoltaic electricity production, and ecosystem services. We present a food, energy, water, and economic impact analysis of agricultural output offset by agrisolar co-location for 925 arrays (2.53 GWp covering 39.3 km2) spanning the California Central Valley. We find that agrisolar co-location displaces a significant amount of food production. However, agrisolar co-location also increases economic security for farmers and likely enhances water sustainability, and thus future agricultural production, by reducing irrigation water use and facilitating the fallowing of irrigated land. Given the unprecedented pace of solar PV expansion globally, these results highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the multifaceted outcomes of agricultural and solar PV co-location decisions.
ACSL3 regulates CRC cell proliferation through ACSL3-LPIAT1 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Jianlin , Liu Xianming
Published: November 2023

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in China, with a high mortality rate. Lipid metabolism disorders can promote cancer metabolism reprogramming, and lipid metabolism related genes are prognostic biomarkers of cancer. Objective: To investigate whether ACSL3 is involved in EMT and metastasis of CRC, and to explore the molecular mechanism of ACSL3 involvement in CRC.
Method: Establish CRC models with high expression of ACSL3 and knockdown of ACSL3. CCK8, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell assay were used to measure the effect of ACSL3 on CRC cells. In vivo experimental analysis of changes in tumor volume and weight caused by overexpression or knockdown of ACSL3. In addition, we also studied whether ACSL3 affects the change of Prostaglandin through participating in ACSL3-LPAIAT1 signal axis, and then affects the occurrence and progression of tumors.
Result: The apoptosis rate of cell lines with high expression of ACSL3 is significantly reduced. Overexpression of ACSL3 significantly enhances the migration and invasion ability of CRC cells. Silencing ACSL3 can partially reverse the increased invasiveness caused by overexpression of ACSL3. Overexpression of ACSL3 can increase the expression levels of LPIAT1 and cPLA2, which can be partially reversed by silencing ACSL3. In vivo experiments have also found that upregulation of ACSL3 has the effect of accelerating tumor volume and weight.
Conclusion: ACSL3 plays an important role in the progression of CRC, and may be a prognostic biomarker, becoming a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
Performance Evaluation of Hybrid ALOHA Mechanism based on Game Theory and Markov Chain Modeling
Authors: Bellouch Abdessamad , Zaaloul Abdellah , Haqiq Abdelkrim
Published: November 2023

Hybrid ALOHA is a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that aims to enhance energy efficiency and packet delivery performance in wireless communication networks. This paper leverages mathematical models and analysis techniques from game theory and Markov chain modeling to investigate the performance of the hybrid ALOHA protocol under cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. We first evaluate the protocol in a team problem, where all users act cooperatively to optimize the global utility of the system, and then in a non-cooperative game, where each user acts in their own self-interest and aims to access the channel by utilizing a higher retransmission probability, which they believe will optimize their own benefits. The use of Markov chain analysis enables the derivation of analytical expressions for the performance metrics of interest, as well as the determination of optimal and equilibrium retransmission probabilities. Additionally, the game theory approach is used to analyze the distribution of retransmission probabilities in the hybrid ALOHA protocol. Throughout an extensive numerical analysis, we show that the hybrid ALOHA protocol out-performs other ALOHA protocols in terms of all performance metrics, for both cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. Additionally, we provide insights into the retransmission probabilities that optimize the performance metrics of interest for both scenarios.