bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological barriers mediate spatiotemporal shifts of bird communities at a continental scale
Authors: Marjakangas Emma-Liina , Bosco Laura , Versluijs Martijn , Xu Yanjie , Santangeli Andrea , Holopainen Sari , Mäkeläinen Sanna , Herrando Sergi , Keller Verena , Voříšek Petr , Brotons Lluís , Johnston Alison , Princé Karine , Willis Stephen , Aghababyan Karen , Ajder Vitalie , Balmer Dawn , Bino Taulant , Boyla Kerem Ali , Chodkiewicz Tomasz , Moral Juan Carlos del , Mazal Vlatka Dumbović , Ferrarini Alessandro , Godinho Carlos , Gustin Marco ,   Mikhail Kalyakin7, Knaus Peter , Kuzmenko Tatiana , Lindström Åke , Maxhuni Qenan , Molina Blas , Nagy Károly , Radišić Dimitrije  , Rajkov Saša , Rajković Draženko Z. , Raudonikis Liutauras , Sjeničić Jovica , Stoychev Stoycho , Szep Tibor , Teufelbauer Norbert , Ursul Silvia , Turnhout Chris van , Velevski Metodija , Vikstrøm Thomas , Wilk Tomasz , Voltzit Olga , Øien Ingar Jostein , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: March 2023

Species’ range shifts and local extinctions caused by climate change lead to community composition changes. At large spatial scales, ecological barriers, such as biome boundaries, coastlines, and elevation, can influence a community's ability to shift in response to climate change. Yet, ecological barriers are rarely considered in climate change studies, potentially hindering predictions of biodiversity shifts. We used data from two consecutive European breeding bird atlases to calculate the geographic distance and direction between communities in the 1980's and their compositional best match in the 2010’s and modeled their response to barriers. The ecological barriers affected both the distance and direction of bird community composition shifts, with coastlines and elevation having the strongest influence. Our results underscore the relevance of combining ecological barriers and community shift projections for identifying the forces hindering community adjustments under global change. Notably, due to (macro)ecological barriers, communities are not able to track their climatic niches, which may lead to drastic changes, and potential losses, in community compositions in the future.
Design a wireless network on chip (NoC) architecture for multi-core platforms with optimized topology
Authors: R POOVENDRAN
Published: March 2023

Forceful scaling of transistors permits the combination of many processors on a chip. Notwithstanding, on-chip interconnects conveying signals between various squares will be the bottleneck for framework execution and unwavering quality. To handle this issue, we built up an on-chip correspondence foundation dependent on a system-on-chip design and built up a crossbreed instrument to exchange information among IP centers by taking focal points of both wired and remote interchanges. By utilizing on-chip radio wires, one can give on-chip remote correspondence to exchange information crosswise over long separations and limit exchange idleness and vitality scattering appropriately. Remote system-on-chip engineering was structured and assessed, and the trial results demonstrated huge improvement in exchange idleness, organize throughput, and vitality scattering. In this paper, to continue the high-transfer speed and high-throughput prerequisites of rising applications, we propose the plan of a remote NoC (WiNoC) engineering joining vital multicast support. By coordinating multicast steering with system coding, the WiNoC can effectively deal with overwhelming multicast infusions. For applications running with a broadcast heavy Hammer store intelligence convention, the proposed multicast aware WiNoC accomplishes a normal 47% decrease in message inactivity contrasted and the XY-tree-based multicast-mindful work NoC. This system-level improvement converts into a 26% sparing in full- Framework vitality postpone item.
Multiomics integration of 22 immune-mediated monogenic diseases reveals an emergent axis of human immune health
Authors: Tsang John , Sparks Rachel , Rachmaninoff Nick
Published: March 2023

Monogenic diseases are often studied in isolation due to their rarity. Here we utilize multiomics to assess 22 monogenic immune-mediated conditions with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Despite clearly detectable disease-specific and “pan-disease” signatures, individuals possess stable personal immune states over time. Temporally stable differences among subjects tend to dominate over differences attributable to disease conditions or medication use. Unsupervised principal variation analysis of personal immune states and machine learning classification distinguishing between healthy controls and patients converge to a metric of immune health (IHM). The IHM discriminates healthy from multiple polygenic autoimmune and inflammatory disease states in independent cohorts, marks healthy aging, and is a pre-vaccination predictor of antibody responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly. We identified easy-to-measure circulating protein biomarker surrogates of the IHM that capture immune health variations beyond age. Our work provides a conceptual framework and biomarkers for defining and measuring human immune health.
Creation and Validation of a Sports Vocational Guidance Protocol *#
Authors: Bispo Michael Douglas Celestino , Santos Darlan Tavares , Santos Marcos Antonio Almeida , Nodari-Júnior Rudy José , Gomes Antonio Carlos , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: March 2023

Scientific studies that explore guidelines for sports vocation are scarce. The objective of this study is to develop and validate (through verification of content and face validity, reliability and objectivity) a protocol to guide sports vocation. The protocol established to accomplish vocational guidance is the result of the variables attributed to dermatoglyphic analysis and anthropometric measurements. Validity was established based on the development of a Table of Epigenetic Characteristics for Sports (QCEE), subsequently validated using the computerized Delphi method. After validation, reliability and objectivity were evaluated using an intra and interrater correlation, respectively. To that end, an experimental sample group of 105 children; 55 females and 50 males, between the ages of 8 and 17 (age x̄=12.0 ±2.30 years) was used. Protocol validation obtained significant results, as follows: Validity (100% agreement in the 3rd round; Reliability (rmean=1.00; p<0.001 and α ≥ 0.99) and Objectivity (rmean= 0.99; p<0.001 and α ≥ 0.99). This result provides the scientific community with a reliable sports vocational guidance protocol for young people and contributes to the aims of sustainable development until 2030 and worldwide post-pandemic recovery.
Big Advocacy, Little Recognition: The Hidden Work of Black Patients in Precision Medicine
Authors: Gerido Lynette Hammond , Resnicow Kenneth , Stoffel Elena , Tomlin Tiah , Cook-Deegan Robert , Cline Melissa , Coffin Amy , Holdren Jill , Majumder Mary Anderlik , He Zhe
Published: March 2023

Public health genomics prioritizes effective and ethical translation of genomic science into population health precision medicine. With the rapid development of cost-effective, next-generation genome sequencing, calls are growing for greater inclusion of Black people in genomic research, policy, and practice. Genetic testing is often the first step in precision medicine. This study explores racial differences in patient concerns about genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer. Employing a community-based participatory mixed methods research design, we developed a semi-structured survey that was shared broadly. There were 81 survey respondents, of which, forty-nine (60%) self-identified as Black, twenty-six (32%) indicated they had a history of a breast cancer diagnosis, or had received BRCA genetic testing. Black participants who expressed concerns about genetic testing were fairly equally distributed between concerns that could be addressed with genetic counseling (24%) and concerns about the subsequent use of their genetic data (27%). The concerns expressed by the participants in our study underscore a need for transparent disclosures and assurances regarding the use and handling of genetic data. These findings should be viewed in context with patient-led efforts to overcome systemic inequities in cancer care, as Black cancer patients have joined forces with advocates and researchers to develop protective health data initiatives and to improve their representation in genomic datasets. Future research should prioritize the information needs and concerns of Black cancer patients. Interventions should be developed to support their hidden work as a means to reduce barriers and improve representation in precision medicine.
Viscosity of graphene in lubricating oil, ethylene glycol and glycerol
Authors: Bao Jianhong , Heyd Rodolphe , Régnier Gilles , Ammar Amine , Peixinho Jorge
Published: March 2023

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of graphene particle suspensions in lubricating oil, ethylene glycol and glycerol-based fluids. Graphene of different specific surface area show variation in the viscosity depending on the shear rate and the temperature. The lubricating effect, e.g. reduction of the viscosity compared to the base fluid, is observed for the low concentration (below 0.4 wt.%) in lubricating oil and glycerol. In the range of parameters studied (e.g. concentration below 1 wt.% and temperature up to 80 °C), the activation energy slightly decreases. The enhancement of viscosity with graphene volume fraction is stronger for ethylene glycol.
Examining the nexus between medical education and complexity: a systematic review to inform practice and research.
Authors: Ogden Kathryn , Kilpatrick Sue , Elmer Shandell
Published: March 2023

Background: Medical education is a multifarious endeavour integrating a range of pedagogies and philosophies. Complexity as a science or theory (‘complexity’) signals a move away from a reductionist paradigm to one which appreciates that interactions in multi-component systems, such as healthcare systems, can result in adaptive and emergent outcomes. This examination of the nexus between medical education and complexity theory aims to discover ways that complexity theory can inform medical education and medical education research.
Methods: A meta-narrative systematic literature review was conducted to examine the nexus between medical education and complexity; 5 databases were searched using relevant terms. Papers were included if they engaged fully with complexity as a science or theory and were significantly focused on medical education. All types of papers were included, including conceptual papers (e.g. opinion and theoretical discussions), case studies, program evaluations and empirical research. A qualitative synthesis was undertaken to identify narratives and create a meta-narrative of the use of complexity in medical education.
Results: Eighty-three papers were included; the majority were conceptual papers. An overarching narrative established the context and theoretical underpinnings of complexity as a relevant theory for medical education. Temporal observations were noted regarding the entry of complexity into medical education. Complexity was relied upon as theoretical framework for empirical studies covering a variety of elements within medical education including learning theories, curriculum and program development, competency and capability, professionalism and leadership, medical education and program evaluation, faculty development, assessment, learning environments, learning for systems through interprofessional education and simulation training, and learning about systems.
Discussion: There is a call for greater use of theory by medical educators. Complexity was found to be a useful theory, albeit by a limited number of authors, and is increasingly being used by medical educators and medical education researchers. This review has further conceptualized how complexity is being used to support medical education and medical education research.
Conclusion: This examination of the literature can assist those involved in medical education and medical education research in understanding how complexity can be useful in their own practice.
Minimal mechanistic component of HbYX-dependent proteasome activation
Authors: Smith David , Chuah Janelle , Thibaudeau Tiffany , Rexroad Matthew
Published: March 2023

The implication of reduced proteasomal function in neurodegenerative diseases combined with numerous studies showing the protective effects of increasing proteasome activity in animal models justify the need to understand how the proteasome is activated for protein degradation. The C-terminal HbYX motif is present on many proteasome binding proteins and functions to tether activators to the 20S core particle. Peptides with a HbYX motif can also autonomously activate 20S gate-opening to allow protein degradation, but the underlying allosteric molecular mechanism is not clear. We designed a HbYX-like dipeptide mimetic that represents only the fundamental components of the HbYX motif to allow rigorous elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of HbYX induced 20S gate-opening in the archaeal and mamalian proteasome. By generating several high-resolution cryo-EM structures (e.g. 1.9Å) we identified multiple proteasome α subunit residues involved in HbYX-dependent activation and the conformational changes involved in gate-opening. In addition, we generated mutants probing these structural findings and identified specific point mutations that strongly activate the proteasome by partially mimicking a HbYX-bound state. These structures resolve 3 novel mechanistic features that are critical for allosteric α subunit conformational changes that ultimately trigger gate-opening: 1) rearrangement of the loop adjacent to K66, 2) inter- and intra- α subunit conformational changes and 3) a pair of IT residues on the α N-terminus in the 20S channel that alternate binding sites to stabilize the open and closed states. All gate-opening mechanisms appear to converge on this “IT switch”. When stimulated by the mimetic, the human 20S can degrade unfolded proteins such as tau, and prevent proteasomal inhibition by toxic soluble oligomers. Collectively, the results presented here provide a mechanistic model of HbYX-dependent 20S gate-opening and offer proof of concept for the robust potential of HbYX-like small molecules to stimulate proteasome function, which could be useful to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Green coffee powder: effect on growth performance, biochemical blood indices, and intestine morphology in broiler chickens
Authors: Hosseini-Vashan Seyyed Javad , Manochehri Davod , Afzali Nazar , Yonesi Hossein Naeimipour
Published: March 2023

This research was done to investigate the effect of different levels of green coffee powder(GCP) on growth performance, immune response, biochemical blood indices, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments, 5 replicates, and 10 chicks each. The dietary treatment included six levels of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5% of coffee powder. Compared to control, GCP increased the body weight and feed intake in broiler by 0.3% and 1.5%, respectively(P<0.05). A lower feed conversion ratio was observed in broilers fed with 1.5% GCP compared to the control (P<0.05). Adding 0.9% of GCP to the broiler diet increased the relative weight of carcass components, including breast, thigh, and bursa of fabricius, compared to control. The GCP at all levels reduced the relative weight of abdominal fat compared to control(P<0.05). The coffee powder had no effect on immunoglobulin M index against SRBC; however, total antibody index against SRBC increased in chickens fed GCP compared to control(P<0.05). Coffee powder decreased blood cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride concentration, and increased blood HDL, albumin, glucose, and protein concentration compared to control(P <0.05). The villi height and depth of crypt increased in broiler fed 1.2% GCP compared to control(P<0.05). It is concluded that the use of green coffee powder at the level of 0.3% in the broiler diet may improve growth performance and some biochemical indices; however, the levels of 1.2 and 1.5% GCP may improve the intestinal morphology and immune response of broilers.
ESG Investing and the Financial Performance: A Panel Data Analysis of Developed REIT Markets
Authors: Erol Isil , Unal Umut , Coskun Yener
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the empirical link between the social and financial performance of the Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) by utilizing the PVAR-Granger causality model and a fixed-effects panel data model with a rich dataset comprising 234 ESG-rated REITs across five developed economies from 2003 to 2019. The results suggest that investors pay attention to individual E/S/G metrics and price each component of ESG investing differently, with E-investing and S-investing practices being the significant financial performance factors of REITs. This study is the first attempt to test the social impact and risk mitigation hypotheses of the stakeholder theory of the corporation and the neoclassic trade-off argument to explore the association between corporate social responsibility and the market valuation of REITs. The full sample results strongly support the trade-off hypothesis, indicating that REITs’ environmental policies involve high financial costs that may drain off capital and lead to decreasing market returns. On the contrary, investors have attached a higher value to S-investing performance, especially in the post-GFC period from 2011 to 2019. A positive premium for S-investing supports the stakeholder theory as the social impact could be monetarized into a higher return and a lower systematic risk and give rise to a competitive advantage.
JEL Codes: G11; G15; G32; M14
Molecular events leading to CX-5461-induced DNA damage response in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Pan Guopin , Zhang Jing , Wang Jianli , Chen Ye , Wang Xiaoyun , Cui Xiaopei , Guo Xiaosun , Jiang Fan
Published: March 2023

Background
Our previous studies have shown that the novel selective RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 suppresses proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, mainly via induction of activations of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) and p53. Currently, there is no information about what kinds of molecular events mediate such a DNA damage response (DDR) in vascular cells.
Methods
Primary aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated from normal adult Sprague Dawley rats and cultured in vitro. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to assess the activation of various DDR pathways.
Results
We demonstrated that CX-5461-induced DDR was not associated with activations of the nucleotide excision repair, DNA mismatch repair, or the non-homologous end joining pathways, while the homologous recombination pathway was activated. However, the alkaline comet assay did not show massive DNA double strand breaks in CX-5461-treated cells. Instead, CX-5461-triggered DDR appeared to be related to induction of DNA replication stress, which was not attributable to increased formation of G-quadruplex or R-loop structures, but might be explained by increased replication-transcription conflict. CX-5461-induced DDR was not exclusively confined to rDNA within the nucleolar compartment; the extra-nucleolar DDR might represent a distinct secondary response related to the downregulated Rad51 expression in CX-5461-treated cells.
Conclusions
We suggest that DNA replication stress may be the primary molecular event leading to downstream ATM/ATR and p53 activations in CX-5461-treated vascular smooth muscle cells. Our results provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the reported beneficial effects of CX-5461 in the cardiovascular system.
Improving outcomes for hospitalised First Nations peoples though greater cultural safety and better communication: The Communicate Study Partnership study protocol
Authors: Ralph Anna P , McGrath Stuart Yiwarr , Armstrong Emily , Herdman Rarrtjiwuy Melanie , Ginnivan Leah , Lowell Anne , Lee Bilawara , Gorham Gillian , Taylor Sean , Hefler Marita , Kerrigan Vicki
Published: March 2023

Background

The Communicate Study is a partnership project which aims to transform the culture of healthcare systems to achieve excellence in culturally safe care for First Nations people. It responds to the ongoing impact of colonisation which results in First Nations peoples experiencing adverse outcomes of hospitalisation in Australia’s Northern Territory. In this setting, the majority of healthcare users are First Nations peoples but the majority of healthcare providers are not. Our hypotheses are that strategies to ensure cultural safety can be effectively taught, systems can become culturally safe, and that the provision of culturally safe healthcare in first languages will improve experiences and outcomes of hospitalisation.

Methods

We will implement a multi-component intervention at three hospitals over four years. The main intervention components are: cultural safety training called ‘Ask the Specialist Plus’ which incorporates a locally-developed, purpose-built podcast; developing a community of practice in cultural safety; and improving access to and uptake of Aboriginal language interpreters. Intervention components are informed by the ‘Behaviour Change Wheel’ and address a supply-demand model for interpreters. The philosophical underpinnings are Critical Race Theory, Freirean pedagogy and cultural safety. There are co-primary qualitative and quantitative outcome measures: cultural safety, as experienced by First Nations peoples at participating hospitals, and proportion of admitted First Nations patients who self-discharge. Qualitative measures of patient and provider experience, and patient-provider interactions, will be examined through interviews and observational data. Quantitative outcomes (documentation of language; uptake of interpreters (booked and completed); proportion of admissions ending in self-discharge; unplanned re-admission; hospital length of stay; costs and cost benefits of interpreter use) will be measured using time-series analysis. Continuous quality improvement will use data in a participatory way to motivate change. Program evaluation will assess reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (‘RE-AIM’).

Discussion

The intervention components are innovative, sustainable and have been successfully piloted. Refinement and scale up through this project have the potential to transform First Nations patients’ experiences of care and health outcomes.

Trial registration

Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Record 2008644
Exploring The Relationship between Learning Approaches, Reflective Thinking and Academic Performance among Nursing Students
Authors: Abdelhalim Elsayeda Hamdy Nasr , Ibrahim Ibrahim Abdullatif , Moawd Samah Alsaid Ahmed , Alenezi Atallah , El-sehrawy Mohamed Gamal
Published: March 2023

Background: Academic performanceis one of the most important indicators in evaluating education. Various factors are known to affect the academic performanceof students.
Purpose: This study aimed to exploring relationship between learning approaches, reflective thinking, and academic performance among nursing students.
Methods: descriptive correlational study. 168 students of both genders were selected from different levels of the nursing department. Data were collected from students using Revised Study Process Questionnaire, Reflective Thinking Questionnaire, and the final scores of students (GPA).
Results: The majority of students were single (84.5%), more than two thirds with age group 21: >25 years of age, male are less than female, 84.5% of students have no children, one third of them was in the third level. Also, illustrates that 77.4% of the total students have high academic achievement, while only 22.6% have low academic achievement. There was a significant association between students’ learning approaches, reflective thinking, BMI, free from chronic disease was the only statistically significant independent positive predictors for higher student’s academic achievement.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, there was highly statistically significance between academic achievement of students with both real estate students learning approaches and reflective thinking.
Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night increases risk and burden of metabolic disease in Ningxia, China
Authors: Wang Huihui , Ma Xiaohong , Yu Zhenfan , Hu Naifan , Du Yurun , He Xiaoxue , Pan Degong , Pu Lining , Zhang Xue , Sun Xian , Li Jiangping
Published: March 2023

Nearly a quarter of the world’s land is already under polluted by artificial light. And there are numerous human and animal studies that have corroborated that light at night can disrupt metabolism. Therefore, we aim to estimate the association between outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) and presence of metabolic disease. Daily hospital admission cases from Ningxia, China, between 2014 and 2020 were included. Cumulative associations between outdoor ALAN and metabolic disease were estimated using logistic regression and distributed lagged nonlinear models (DLNM) with lags of 0-30 days and stratified analysis by age groups and gender. The results suggested that a monotonic increase in the cumulative risk of developing metabolic disease was observed when outdoor ALAN exposure increased, and the association was highest around day 20 of the lag. In addition, the maximum cumulative effect was greater in men (OR: 3.841, 95% CI: 2.825-5.222) than in women (OR: 2.923, 95% CI: 2.201-3.882). Totally, 26.80% of metabolic disease cases in Ningxia could be attributable outdoor ALAN, and the burden of metabolic attributable outdoor ALAN was much smaller in women than in men. This implies that interventions should be targeted to individuals at greater risk. Moreover, more strategies and policies should be developed to prevent light-related hospitalization.
RETRACTED: Influence of uncertainty in illness on health behavior in individuals with coronary artery disease: a path analysis
Authors: Jeong Hyesun , Lee Yesul , Park Jin Sup , Lee Yoonju
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Risk factors for tick attachment in companion animals in Great Britain: a spatiotemporal analysis covering 2014-2021
Authors: Arsevska Elena , Hengl Tomislav , Singleton David A. , Noble Peter-John M. , Caminade Cyril , Eneanya Obiora , Jones Philip H. , Medlock Jolyon , Hansford Kayleigh , Bonannella Carmelo , Radford Alan D.
Published: March 2023

Background: Ticks are an important driver of veterinary health care, causing infection and irritation to their hosts. Monitoring and mapping tick occurrences on companion animals can help understand and map risks for tick attachment in pets.
Methods: Over seven million electronic health records (EHRs), among which 11741 EHRs reported tick attachment, were used to evaluate climate, environmental and animal host factors affecting the risk of tick attachment in cats and dogs in Great Britain (GB). The tick presence/absence EHRs for dogs and cats were further overlaid with spatiotemporal time-series of climatic, vegetation, human influence, hydrological and terrain variables (slope, wetness index) to produce a spatiotemporal regression matrix; an Ensemble Machine Learning framework was used to fine-tune hyperparameters for Random Forest (classif.ranger), Gradient boosting (classif.xgboost) and GLM-net (classif.glmnet) algorithms, which were then used to produce a final ensemble meta-learner that predicts the probability of occurrence of ticks across GB with monthly intervals and at a spatial resolution of 1~km.
Results: Results of regression at sites showed that increased tick attachment in cats and dogs was associated with younger age, longer coat length, crossbreeds and unclassified breeds, and male neutered animals. The spatiotemporal modelling results show that the key environmental variables controlling spatiotemporal distribution are: vegetation index, precipitation (monthly), the month of the year and bioclimatic variables. Time series of monthly predictions of occurrences has been further aggregated to show long-term risks of tick attachment through 2014-2021.
Conclusions: The produced predictions can inform targeted health messages to pet owners and veterinary practitioners identifying those animals, seasons and areas of higher risk of tick infestation to reduce the tick burdens on companion animals nationally.
Tool Wear and Surface Roughness Characterization During Turning of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy ASTM F75 With Coated Carbide Tools
Authors: Tavares Rener Pontes , Hassui Amauri
Published: March 2023

The cobalt chromium molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) system composes specific alloys used in several biomedical applications, mainly in implants and prostheses manufacturing. Due to its intrinsic properties, the alloy processing is known as hard-to-machine. Therefore, in this work, we machined the Co-Cr-Mo alloy ASTM F75 and analyzed the effects of the cutting parameters on tool wear and the surface roughness generated during the turning. We performed a complete factorial with two factors, levels and replicas, in which the cutting speed varied from 60 to 90 m.min-1 and the feed rate from 0.08 to 0.13 mm.rev-1. Through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy analysis, we quantified wear on the cutting tool and the surface roughness of specimens. During the morphological studies, we noted the presence of crater and flank wear, with crater wear being predominant. This crater wear was exclusively influenced by the change in feed rate due to the loss of tool coating. Moreover, the changes in cutting parameters significantly influenced both cutting tool wear and workpiece surface roughness. The extreme cutting parameters caused significant differences in peak and valleys height on the turned workpiece surface. This way, the average roughness is strongly affected by the increase in tool wear induced by cutting parameters during the process. By energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDXA), we identified the chemical elements on the worn tool and workpiece surfaces which revealed that the primary mechanism causing tool wear is workpiece material adhesion to the insert rake surface. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of carbides embedded on the machined surface, indicating abrasive action of these particles during cutting.
IL4I1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A potential therapeutic target associated with immune infiltration
Authors: Yu Zhijian , Su Jiaxuan , Chen Kun , Zheng Qiaoli , Peng Yue , Luo Bin , Guo Jiefeng , Xu Shuyi , Xie Minqiang
Published: March 2023

Interleukin 4-induced gene 1 (IL4I1) is associated with tumor immune invasion; however, its involvement in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not well documented. Publicly accessible databases and our tissue mRNA sequencing result were used to evaluate IL4I1 expression in HNSCC. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to examine the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and IL4I1 expression. Signaling pathways associated with IL4I1 expression were identified via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The CIBERSORT algorithm and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were used to examine the relationship between IL4I1 expression, immune infiltration levels, and cumulative survival in HNSCC. The relationship between IL4I1 and immunotherapy response was explored. IL4I1 mRNA expression was higher in HNSCC than in normal tissues. The overexpression of IL4I1 was significantly correlated with more severe clinical stages. GSEA revealed that the mechanism of IL4I1 in regulating HNSCC was related to various immunity and immune-related signaling pathways. Additionally, IL4I1 expression levels positively correlated with differential immune cell infiltration, various immune biomarkers, and immunotherapy response in HNSCC. Our results suggest that IL4I1 may be a potential therapeutic target associated with immune infiltration in HNSCC and could contribute to the development of novel and effective treatment strategies.
Pin hole free 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite layer with closed packed large crystalline grains, suitable for fast response and high sensitive MSM photodetection
Authors: Darman Parsa , Yaghoobi Amin , Darbari Sara
Published: March 2023

Here, we achieved pin hole free 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite (RPP) BA2PbI4 layers with closed packed crystalline grains with dimension of about 30×30 µm2, which have been demonstrated to be favorable for optoelectronic applications, such as fast response RPP-based metal/semiconductor/metal photodetectors. We explored affecting parameters in hot casting of BA2PbI4 layers, and proved that oxygen plasma treatment prior to hot casting plays a significant role to achieve high quality closed packed polycrystalline RPP layers at lower hot cast temperatures. Moreover, we demonstrate that crystal growth of 2D BA2PbI4 can be dominantly controlled by the rate of solvent evaporation through substrate temperature or rotational speed, while molarity of the prepared RPP/DMF precursor is the dominant factor that determines the RPP layer thickness, and can affect the spectral response of the realized photodetector. Benefiting from the high light absorption and inherent chemical stability of 2D RPP layers, we achieved high responsivity and stability, and fast response photodetection. We achieved a fast photoresponse with rise and fall times of 187 µs and 280 µs, and the maximum responsivity of 119 mA/W and detectivity of 2.15×108 Jones in response to illumination wavelength of 450 nm. The presented polycrystalline RPP-based photodetector benefits from a simple and low-cost fabrication process, suitable for large area production on glass substrate, a good stability and responsivity, and a promising fast photoresponse, even around that of exfoliated single crystal RPP-based counterparts. However, it is well known that exfoliation methods suffer from poor repeatability and scalability, which make them uncompatible with mass production and large area production.
Physicochemical Analysis and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NiCo2 O 4 ) Using Self-Combustion Method with Solvent Variation as Supercapacitor Materials
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Abdullah Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri , Akhtar Majid Niaz , Putra Chandra Setiawan , Pramono Diki Dwi , Andoko Andoko
Published: March 2023

Supercapacitor, which is also known as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitor, has gained considerable interest due to their abrupt reload speed, high performance, lengthy cycle life, and low-cost maintenance. Meanwhile, NiCo2O4 is understood as one of the promising supercapacitors as it offers high specific capacitance, excellent cyclic stability, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristic. In this study, the synthesis of nickel cobalt oxide nanoparticles was carried out using the self-combustion method with solvent variations from citric acid, nitric acid, and ethylene glycol. The phase characteristic analysis was completed using the results of XRD analysis, which showed that NiCo2O4 has a single phase. Further, the SEM analysis suggested that NiCo2O4 tends to have an irregular quasi-sphere shape, and the hysteresis curve analysis showed that NiCo2O4 presents ferrimagnetic properties.
Household food insecurity, family size and their interactions for depression prevalence among teenage pregnant girls in Ghana, a multi-stage cluster sampling survey.
Authors: Dominic Be-Ikuu Doglikuu , Yawson Hannah , Asare Stephen , Takyi Ohene , Dzidzornu Francisca Akpene , Koram Henrietta Oye , Johnson Edna Ayishetu
Published: March 2023

Background: Household-food-insecurity, is situation where individuals and families have limited/uncertain access to nutritionally-adequate and safe foods for healthy-living. Family is basic social-unit comprising parents and children living together in household. Household-food insecurity and family-size are risk factors for depression. However, their synergistic and/or multiplicative effect on depression are not well established. This study explored household-food insecurity, family-size and their interaction on depression prevalence among teenaged pregnant girls in Twifo-Atti-Morkwa district.
Methods: WHO-STEPS multi-stage clustered-random sampling-survey was used to recruit study participants. 20-electoral areas in Twifo-Atti-Morkwa district were randomly selected, and structured-questionnaire used to collect demographic-variables. Household-Food-Insecurity Access-Scale (HFIAS) and Child-Anxiety and Depression-Scale (RCADS-25) were used to collect data.
Results:Diastolic blood pressure (P-value=0.014) and household-food insecurity (P-value= 0.0001) were significant for depression. Moderate-family-size AOR=1.08, 95%CI (1.17-3.71) and large-family-size AOR2.78, 95%CI (3.98-10.19) were significant for depression. Moderate-food insecurity AOR= 0.12, 95%CI (0.41-0.35) and high-food insecurity AOR= 0.27, 95%CI (0.11-0.71) were significant for depression. Interaction between moderate-food insecurity and moderate family-size AOR=1.69, 95%CI (2.79-17.51), interaction between high-food insecurity and low family-size AOR=1.24, 95%CI (1.57-11.41) and finally, interaction between high-food insecurity and large-family-size AOR=1.01, 95%CI (1.72-14.57) were significant for depression among teenaged pregnant girls.
Conclusion: There is depression prevalence among populace in Twifo-Atti-Morkwa district. Teenaged pregnant girls report moderate and high depression prevalence. Household-food insecurity, and family-size are risk factors influencing depression among teenaged girls in the district. We recommend the need for population-based public health interventions in Twifo-Atti-morkwa district, targeting teenaged pregnant girls.
Clinical Outcome of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Patients with High-risk Disease (high-risk MIPI-c or high p53 expression)
Authors: Scheubeck Gabriel , Jiang Linmiao , Hermine Olivier , Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke , Schmidt Christian , Unterhalt Michael , Rosenwald Andreas , Klapper Wolfram , Evangelista Andrea , Ladetto Marco , Jerkeman Mats , Ferrero Simone , Dreyling Martin , Hoster Eva
Published: March 2023

Currently, treatment allocation of patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is mainly based on age and medical fitness. The combined MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI-c) allows to predict prognosis using clinical factors (MIPI) and the Ki-67 index. However, high p53 expression as surrogate for TP53 alterations has demonstrated to be an independent predictor for poor outcome. We aimed to define a clear high-risk group based on the combination of MIPI, Ki-67 and p53 expression/TP53 alteration. A total of 684 patients from the prospective European MCL-Younger and MCL-Elderly trials were evaluable. The classification of high-risk disease (HRD) as high-risk MIPI-c or p53 expression > 50% versus low-risk disease (LRD) as low, low-intermediate or high-intermediate MIPI-c and p53 expression ≤ 50% allowed to characterize two distinct groups with highly divergent outcome. Patients with HRD had significantly shorter median failure-free survival (FFS) (1.1 vs. 5.6 years, p < .0001) and overall survival (OS) (2.2 vs. 13.2 years, p < .0001) compared to those with LRD. These major differences were confirmed in two validation cohorts from the Italian MCL0208 and the Nordic-MCL4 trials. The results suggest that this subset of HRD patients is not sufficiently managed with the current standard treatment and is asking for novel treatment strategies.
Opioid Use Disorder in Two Samples of the Lebanese Population: Scale Validation and Correlation with Sleep and Mood Disorders
Authors: Chamoun Karam , Mouawad Joseph , Salameh Pascale , Sacre Hala , Haddad Ramzi , Khabbaz Lydia Rabaa , Megarbane Bruno , Hajj Aline
Published: March 2023

Background: The revised Opioid Risk Tool (ORT-OUD) is a brief, self-report scale designed to provide clinicians with a simple, validated method to screen for the risk of developing an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in patients without a prior history of substance abuse. This study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population and assess its clinical validity in a sample of patients with OUD.
Methods: This cross-sectional study in the Lebanese population used several validated scales to assess the risk of OUD, including the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Other tools evaluated chronotype and sleep and mood disturbances. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was applied to assess ORT-OUD construct validity. Convergent validity with the Arabic version of ASSIST was evaluated. The ORT-OUD criterion validity was then assessed in a clinical sample of patients with OUD.
Results: This study included 581 participants. The prevalence of the OUD risk in the Lebanese population using the ORT-OUD scale and the ASSIST-opioids scale was estimated at 14.5% and 6.54%, respectively. No items of the ORT-OUD were removed; all items converged over a solution of four factors with an eigenvalue>1, explaining a total of 68.2% of the variance (Cronbach’s alpha=0.648). The correlation coefficients between the ORT-OUD total score and ASSIST subscales were as follows: ASSIST-opioids (r=0.174; p=<0.001), ASSIST-sedatives (r=0.249; p <0.001), and ASSIST-alcohol (r=0.161; p=<0.001). ORT-OUD clinical validation showed a correlation with ASSIST-opioids (r=0.251; p=0.093) and ASSIST-sedatives (r=0.598; p<0.001). Higher ORT-OUD scores were associated with a family and personal history of alcohol and substance consumption and higher insomnia and anxiety scores.
Conclusion: This study is the first to validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population, an essential step towards improving the detection and management of OUD in this population.
Roles of Digital Twins on Material Performances and Utilization on Upstream Industry (The Case of Automotive Industry)
Authors: Damtew Alie Wube
Published: March 2023

Supply chain processes are receiving considerable attention as a cutting-edge technology that will transform raw materials from material suppliers to the manufacturing and processing industries to fulfill customer requirements. However, the automobile part and body manufacturer industry faces many challenges. To cope with those challenges, digital twin (DT) strategies have been a useful tool to visualize, realize, analyze, and utilize materials and integrate raw material accessibility, product quality, and delivery service systems into the production line or entire supply chain process. Nevertheless, the development of DTs is still hampered by a number of factors, such as a lack of full understanding of the concept of DTs and problems with DT strategies in the automobile and related manufacturing industries. This study aims to explore the role of DT technology impacts on production lines in the automobile industry and entire supply chain performance. Digital supply chain twins’ roles in material utilization, the production performance and the overall supply chain capabilities were investigated in this study. The investigations shows that digital supply chain twin have a positive and direct impacts on supply chain performance in supply chain visibility, real time decision making, process optimization, value chain optimization, resource utilization and visibility in a supply chain process of automotive and body manufacturing industries. Both the primary and secondary data have been analyzed and studied using descriptive analysis, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy TOPSIS tools. The relation between digital twins with resilience of digital enablers on supply chain process for sustainable supply chain process needs further study and investigations.
Causal relationship between asthma and inflammatory bowel disease: A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lai Jianxiong , Fang Bin , Luo Lirong , Xie Wenjie , Fu Yi , Li Jian
Published: March 2023

Background Based on the findings of current observational studies, asthma and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) are associated; however, their causal association cannot be established due to methodological limitations. Therefore, we use two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) to overcome the confounding factors and explore the causal link between the two diseases. Methods After selecting asthma and IBD-related genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and screening single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), MR analysis was performed by four methods: inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, maximum likelihood, and weighted median (WM), while Cochran's Q test was used to detect heterogeneity and MR-Egger intercept to detect horizontal pleiotropy. Finally, we used the leave-one-out method and funnel plot to perform sensitivity analysis. Results We screened 57, 59, and 60 SNPs in the association analysis of asthma and IBD, CD, and UC, respectively. The results of MR analysis showed that asthma only increased the risk of CD (IVW: OR = 1.1712, 95% CI = 1.0418–1.3167, P value = 0.0082; maximum likelihood: OR = 1.1739, 95% CI = 1.0428–1.3215, P value = 0.0080). In reverse MR analysis, there may be suggestive positive results for IBD and asthma despite not meeting the Bonferroni correction (IVW: OR = 1.0165, 95% CI = 1.0023–1.0333, P value = 0.0222; maximum likelihood: OR = 1.0168, 95% CI = 1.0025–1.0314, P value = 0.0212). Neither forward nor reverse MR analysis revealed heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Similarly, we did not find potential directional pleiotropy by funnel plot, and the leave-one-out method did not suggest a significant effect of a single SNP on the overall results. Conclusions Our study found that asthmatic patients had a higher risk of CD, suggesting that there may be a common pathophysiological process between asthma and CD.
A rat model of functional free muscle transfer for facial reanimation and establishment of a thoracodorsal artery-based muscle flap
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Park Sunkyu , Lee Seung Jun , Heo Chanyoung
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Facial paralysis is a debilitating condition that can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. Functional free muscle transfer (FFMT) is a surgical technique that has been used to improve facial paralysis, but there are limited studies on the anatomical approach and use of an animal model. The purpose of this study was to establish a rat model of FFMT in facial paralysis.

Methods

In this study, a total of twelve Wister rats weighing over 250 g were used to establish a rat model for FFMT using the ipsilateral motor nerve. All procedures were conducted under general anesthesia, and a preauricular incision with a mandibular extension was made to expose the buccal and marginal branches of the facial nerve. An axillary incision was also made to identify and dissect the thoracodorsal vessel and nerve. A partial latissimus dorsi muscle was then transferred to the facial region and the facial vessels and mandibular branch of the facial nerve were anastomosed to the thoracodorsal vessels and thoracodorsal nerve, respectively.

Results

Our study successfully established a functional muscle flap based on the thoracodorsal vessel in a rat model. A total of 10 rats underwent the surgical procedure, and nine survived the postoperative period. Four months after surgery, the transferred muscle flaps were assessed, and six out of nine were viable. Among the viable flaps, five showed successful innervation.

Conclusion

This study has successfully established a rat model of FFMT surgery, which is a commonly performed procedure for treating facial paralysis. This model has the potential to be used in various experimental applications aimed at improving surgical outcomes, not only for facial paralysis but also for other muscle transfer procedures.