bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lncRNA CASC9 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by regulating the miR-424-5p/TXNIP pathway
Authors: Fan Hai-Peng , Zhu Zhi-Xia , Xu Jia-Jun , Li Yu-Tang , Guo Chun-Wen , Yan Hong
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aimed to clarify the mechanism by which the long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) alleviates sepsis-related acute kidney injury (S-AKI).

Methods

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI model was established to simulate S-AKI. HK-2 human renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with LPS to establish an in vitro model, and mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to generate an in vivo model. Subsequently, the mRNA expression of inflammatory and antioxidant factors was validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed using an assay kit. Apoptosis was detected by western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

Results

CASC9 was significantly downregulated in the LPS-induced AKI model. CASC9 attenuated cell inflammation and apoptosis and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of cells. Regarding the mechanism, miR-424-5p was identified as the downstream target of CASC9, and the interaction between CASC9 and miR-424-5p promoted thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression.

Conclusions

CASC9 alleviates LPS-induced AKI in vivo and in vitro, and CASC9 directly targets miR-424-5p and further promotes the expression of TXNIP. We have provided a possible reference strategy for the treatment of S-AKI.
A rare case of synovial sarcoma with lung, heart and adrenal gland metastasis: a caution for patients and clinicians
Authors: Jiang Lisha , Ma Qingxin , Zhu Guonian , Lai Xiaoqin , Liu Qian , Shi Ming , Ma Hongsheng
Published: August 2021

A 68-year-old man presented to the Urology Clinic, West China Hospital, Chengdu, with a suspected right adrenal gland mass that had persisted for two months. He had no associated lumbodynia, dizziness or palpitation. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed an uneven density and contrast-enhanced oval-like mass with smooth edges in the right adrenal gland. Laparoscopic right adrenal gland resection followed by histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic synovial sarcoma. The patient had a history of synovial sarcoma on the right upper leg 3 years previously that was surgically treated, but he had not undergone further treatment. Approximately 1.5 years later, he had undergone surgery for heart and lung metastasis from the synovial sarcoma of the thigh. At 5 months following laparoscopic right adrenal gland resection, abdominal CT showed a significant sign of right adrenal recurrence, and targeted therapy of 12 mg oral anlotinib, daily, was initiated. This relatively rare but alarming case highlights the importance of patient understanding and compliance to treatment.
Ecologies of green finance: Green sukuk and development of green Islamic finance in Malaysia
Authors: Liu Felicia HM , Lai Karen PY
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we analyse the recent development of green sukuk (often referred to as an Islamic green bond) since its issuance in Malaysia in 2017, and critically evaluate whether it addresses some of the existing contradictions of green finance. Using a financial ecologies approach, we examine Malaysia's configuration of green sukuk as drawing from the existing international green bond regime, partnership with the World Bank, and Malaysia's own experience and expertise in Islamic finance, with the objective of building Kuala Lumpur's competitiveness as a global Islamic financial centre. Through documents analysis and interviews with key market actors in Kuala Lumpur and other financial centres, our findings point to the emergent international adoption of green sukuk. While this achieves Malaysia's state-building objectives, specifically through expanding Malaysia's sukuk market and advancing its status as a frontier of Islamic financial innovations, the potential for improving the current green bond regime has been more doubtful. A key limitation is the incorporation of existing Green Bond Principles, which enables not only green sukuk's international acceptance but also renders it susceptible to greenwashing. By examining the intersection of different ecologies of green and Islamic finance, we reveal the contradictions and limitations of green sukuk in contributing to Malaysian state-building and climate action.
Reduction in migraine pain intensity in patients treated with erenumab: A post hoc analysis of two pivotal randomized studies
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Dodick David W , Kudrow David , Reuter Uwe , Tenenbaum Nadia , Zhang Feng , Lima Gabriel Paiva da Silva , Chou Denise E , Mikol Daniel D
Published: August 2021

Background

Erenumab (erenumab-aooe in the US) effectively reduces monthly migraine days in episodic and chronic migraine. This traditional outcome does not capture the intensity of headache pain on days with migraine.

Methods

This post hoc analysis of two pivotal randomized, placebo-controlled studies in patients with episodic migraine and chronic migraine examined the effect of erenumab 70 and 140 mg on migraine pain. Cumulative monthly migraine pain intensity is the sum of the peak pain intensity scores (0 = no migraine to 3 = migraine day with severe pain) on migraine days. Change from baseline in cumulative monthly migraine pain and average monthly pain intensity was assessed over months 4 to 6 for episodic migraine and month 3 for chronic migraine; change in average monthly pain intensity was assessed among monthly migraine days responders/non-responders.

Results

Efficacy analysis included 946 patients for the episodic migraine study and 656 patients for the chronic migraine study. Cumulative monthly migraine pain decreased significantly with erenumab versus placebo ( p < 0.001, for episodic migraine and chronic migraine). In addition, monthly average migraine pain intensity decreased significantly with erenumab versus placebo for episodic migraine ( p < 0.01); decreases were non-significant for chronic migraine. In comparison with placebo-treated patients, a greater proportion of erenumab-treated patients were pain intensity responders regardless of threshold used. Episodic migraine and chronic migraine patients with a ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days (responders) had a greater reduction in monthly average pain intensity than non-responders.

Conclusions

Erenumab reduced cumulative monthly migraine pain in episodic migraine and chronic migraine patients and significantly reduced monthly average migraine pain in episodic migraine, demonstrating treatment benefit beyond reduction in migraine frequency. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02456740; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02066415
Physical inactivity and headache disorders: Cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Oliveira Arão Belitardo de , Mercante Juliane Prieto Peres , Peres Mario Fernando Prieto , Molina Maria Del Carmen B , Lotufo Paulo A , Benseñor Isabela M , Goulart Alessandra C
Published: August 2021

Background

Physical inactivity has been linked to headache disorders but estimates based on the current World Health Organization physical activity guidelines are unknown.

Objective

To test the associations between headache disorders and physical inactivity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Methods

In a cross-sectional analysis, linear (continuous variables) and logistic regression models (categorical variables) tested the associations of physical activity levels in the leisure time, commuting time, and combined leisure time physical activity + commuting time physical activity domains with headache disorders, adjusted for the effects of sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk variables, psychiatric disorders, and migraine prophylaxis medication.

Results

Of 15,105 participants, 14,847 (54.4% women) provided data on physical activity levels and headache. Higher physical activity levels (continuous values) in the leisure time physical activity domain associated with lower migraine and tension-type headache occurrence and lower headache attack frequency, while in the commuting time physical activity domain it associated with more frequent headache attacks. Compared to people who met World Health Organization physical activity levels in the leisure time physical activity or combining leisure time physical activity + commuting time physical activity domains (i.e. ≥150 min.wk−1 of moderate and/or ≥75 min.wk−1 of vigorous physical activity), physical inactivity associated with higher migraine occurrence, while somewhat active (i.e. not meeting World Health Organization recommendations) associated with higher migraine and tension-type headache occurrence. Physical inactivity in the commuting time physical activity domain associated with higher tension-type headache in men and lower migraine in women. Physical inactivity within vigorous leisure time physical activity intensity, but not moderate leisure time physical activity, associated with higher migraine, mostly in women. Finally, physical inactivity associated with higher headache attack frequency regardless headache subtype.

Conclusion

Physical inactivity and unmet World Health Organization physical activity levels associate with primary headaches, with heterogeneous associations regarding headache subtype, sex, physical activity domain/intensity, and headache frequency in the ELSA-Brasil study.
Aura in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia is probably mediated by comorbid migraine with aura
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , Schellong Marlene , May Arne
Published: August 2021

Objective

The presence of aura is rare in cluster headache, and even rarer in other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. We hypothesized that the presence of aura in patients with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias is frequently an epiphenomenon and mediated by comorbid migraine with aura.

Methods

The study retrospectively reviewed 480 patients with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia in a tertiary medical center for 10 years. Phenotypes and temporal correlation of aura with headache were analyzed. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia patients with aura were further followed up in a structured telephone interview.

Results

Seventeen patients with aura (3.5%) were identified from 480 patients with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, including nine with cluster headache, one with paroxysmal hemicrania, three with hemicrania continua, and four with probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Compared to trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia patients without aura, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia patients with aura were more likely to have a concomitant diagnosis of migraine with aura (odds ratio [OR] = 109.0, 95% CI 30.9–383.0, p < 0.001); whereas the risk of migraine without aura remains similar between both groups (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.14–8.59, p = 0.931). Aura was more frequently accompanied with migraine-like attacks, but not trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia attacks.

Interpretation

In most patients with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, the presence of aura is mediated by the comorbidity of migraine with aura. Aura directly related to trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia attack may exist but remains rare. Our results suggest that aura may not be involved in the pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia.
Indomethacin has no effect on trigeminally provoked parasympathetic output
Authors: Möller Maike , Schröder Celina , Iwersen-Bergmann Stefanie , Mehnert Jan , May Arne
Published: August 2021

Background

Unlike other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin has been shown to be highly effective in two forms of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, hemicrania continua and paroxysmal hemicrania and in some forms of idiopathic stabbing headaches. This specificity is unique in the headache field. Previous findings suggest the involvement of the trigeminal autonomic reflex to play an important role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Methods

22 healthy participants were enrolled in a double-blind, three-day within-subject design. The participants received indomethacin, ibuprofen or placebo in a randomized order. After an incubation period of 65 min the baseline lacrimation and the lacrimation during intranasal stimulation evoked by kinetic oscillation stimulation were assessed using Schirmer II lacrimation tests. The lacrimation difference in mm was calculated and compared in a repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

No significant differences were found between the three conditions.

Conclusion

In our study, neither indomethacin nor ibuprofen had an inhibitory effect on the trigeminal autonomic reflex. We suggest that blocking this reflex may not be the treatment mechanism of indomethacin.
Are PROMs passing the message? A reflection with real-life migraine patients
Authors: Gil-Gouveia Raquel , Oliveira António Gouveia
Published: August 2021

Background

Several patient-reported outcome measures are available to monitor headache impact, but are those reliable in real-life clinical practice?

Methods

Two identical patient-reported outcome measures (HALT-90 and MIDAS) were applied simultaneously in each clinical visit to a series of patients treated with monoclonal antibodies for migraine and intra-individual agreement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

Our sample included 92 patients, 92.4% females, 45 years old on average. Moderate (0.50 to 0.75) and even poor (<0.50) ICC were observed in all but the first item of these patient-reported outcome measures in at least one evaluation. Over time, missing data were more frequent and no learning effect was detected.

Discussion

We observed intra-personal variation in reliability when answering patient-reported outcome measures, persisting in repeated applications, and a decrease in the motivation to respond, which should alert clinicians for these additional challenges in real-life clinical practice.
Incidence of headache after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with history of headache: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sekiguchi Koji , Watanabe Narumi , Miyazaki Naoki , Ishizuchi Kei , Iba Chisato , Tagashira Yu , Uno Shunsuke , Shibata Mamoru , Hasegawa Naoki , Takemura Ryo , Nakahara Jin , Takizawa Tsubasa
Published: August 2021

Background

Headache is an adverse event of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Whether patients with history of headache suffer more from vaccination-induced headaches is unknown. We aimed to uncover if headache patients develop more headaches after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination than healthy controls.

Methods

We performed a questionnaire survey for nursing staff in our hospital from April to May 2021. Based on baseline characteristics, we divided the participants into migraine, non-migrainous headache, and healthy control, and examined the occurrence and features of headache after COVID-19 vaccinations.

Results

We included 171 participants (15.2% migraine and 24.6% non-migrainous headache). Headache incidence after vaccinations was significantly higher in the migraine (69.2%) and non-migrainous headache (71.4%) groups than in the healthy control (37.9%) group. The incidence of headaches was significantly higher after the second dose compared to the first (45.6% vs. 20.5%).

Conclusion

Migraineurs and non-migrainous headache participants developed more headaches compared to the healthy controls after COVID-19 vaccination.
Modeling Anticipation and Relaxation of Lane Changing Behavior Using Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Kequan , Liu Pan , Li Zhibin , Wang Yuxuan , Lu Yunxue
Published: August 2021

Modeling lane changing driving behavior has attracted significant attention recently. Most of the existing models are homogeneous and do not recognize the anticipation and relaxation phenomena occurring during the maneuver. To fill this gap, we adopted long short-term memory (LSTM) network and used large quantities of trajectory data extracted from video footage collected by an unmanned automated vehicle in Nanjing, China. Then, we divided complete lane changing behavior into two stages, that is, anticipation and relaxation. Description analysis of lane changing behavior revealed that the factors affecting the two stages are significantly different. In this context, two LSTM models with different input variables were proposed to predict the anticipation and the relaxation during the lane changing activity, respectively. The vehicle trajectory data were further divided into an anticipation dataset and a relaxation dataset to train the two LSTM models. Then we applied numerical tests to compare our models with two baseline models using real trajectory data of lane changing behavior. The results suggest that our models achieved the best performance for trajectory prediction in both lateral and longitudinal positions. Moreover, the simulation results show that the proposed models can precisely replicate the impact of the anticipation phenomenon on the target lane, and the relationship between the speed and spacing of the lane changing vehicle during the relaxation process can be reproduced with reasonable accuracy.
Ramp Metering with Microscopic Gap Detection Algorithm Design and Empirical Acceleration Verification
Authors: Klomp Stefan R. , Knoop Victor L. , Taale Henk , Hoogendoorn Serge P.
Published: August 2021

Freeway on-ramp areas are susceptible to traffic congestion during peak hours. To delay or prevent the onset of congestion, ramp metering can be applied. A Ramp Metering Installation (RMI) controls the inflow from the on-ramp to the main line so that the total flow can be kept just below capacity. Current ramp metering algorithms apply macroscopic traffic characteristics, which do not entirely prevent inefficient merging behavior from occurring. This paper presents a microscopic ramp metering approach based on gap detection in the right-hand lane of the main line. As preparation for the analyses, trajectory data were collected, by which the mean and standard deviation of driver accelerations were calculated. Simulation, including driver acceleration, is used to test the ramp metering controller. Overall, it shows travel-time savings compared with no-control and compared with existing macroscopic ramp metering systems. Especially during periods of very high main line demand, the microscopic control approach is able to achieve additional travel-time savings. This way, the proposed algorithm can contribute to more efficient road usage and shorter travel times.
Efficient supervision strategy for illegal dumping of construction and demolition waste: A networked game theory decision-making model
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Hua Chunxiang , Chen Jianguo
Published: August 2021

While the construction industry has brought substantial economic benefits to society, it has also generated substantial construction and demolition waste (CDW). Illegal dumping, which refers to dumping CDW in an unauthorized non-filling location, has become widespread in many countries and regions. Illegally dumping CDW destroys the environment, causing groundwater pollution and forest fires and causing significant economic impacts. However, there is a lack of research on the decision-making behaviours and logical rules of the main participants, construction contractors and the government in the illegal CDW dumping process. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model on a small-world network considering government supervision to portray the decision-making behaviours of illegal dumping participants and conducts a numerical simulation based on empirical equations to propose an effective supervision strategy for the government to manage illegal CDW dumping efficiently. It is found that the illegal dumping behaviours of contractors are mainly affected by the intensity of government supervision, the cost of fines and the income of illegal dumping; while for government, a supervision strategy is found to be necessary, and a supervision intensity of approximately 0.7 is the optimal supervision probability given supervision efficiency. Notably, under a low-level supervision probability, increasing the penalty alone does not curb illegal dumping, and a certain degree of supervision must be maintained. The results show that in addition to setting fines for illegal dumping, the government must enforce a certain level of supervision and purify the market environment to steadily reduce illegal dumping.
The Effect of Extended SMAS Face-lift on Earlobe Ptosis and Pseudoptosis
Authors: Altman Allison , Sin Zachary , Tran Erik Dan , Nguyen Jeanie , Mowlavi Arian
Published: August 2021

In this study, we explore the changes in the earlobe segments following an extended superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) face-lift and neck lift. We proposed to delineate the effect of the cheek and neck skin tension vectors on the earlobe based on the amount of excised skin length. A retrospective study identified patients who underwent extended SMAS rhytidectomy performed by the senior author (A.M.) at the Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Institute (CPSI) from 2017 to 2020. A total of 34 North American Caucasians, who had preoperative and postoperative photographs available for comparison, were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative cephalic (the distance from the intertragal notch to the otobasion inferius, abbreviated as I to O) and caudal earlobe segment (the distance from the otobasion inferius to the subaurale, abbreviated as O to S) heights were collected. The change from the postoperative to preoperative measurements was calculated. The effects of the degree of cheek skin (superior ear [SE]) and neck skin (mastoid peak [MP]) excision lengths were then determined by comparing the change in I to O and O to S. The postoperative attached cephalic segment (15.94 ± 1.02 mm) increased significantly compared with the preoperative attached cephalic segment (12.99 ± 1.03 mm). The postoperative free caudal segment (3.62 ± 0.81 mm) decreased significantly compared with the preoperative free caudal segment (5.44 ± 0.95 mm). The SE median was found to be 3.0 cm and the MP median was found to be 3.5 cm. I to O increased by 3.85 mm for SE ≤3.0 cm compared with only 1.57 mm for SE >3.0 cm. O to S decreased by 2.79 mm for SE ≤3.0 cm compared with only decrease of 0.14 mm for SE >3.0 cm. I to O increased by only 1.67 mm for MP < 3.5 cm. O to S decreased less dramatically by 0.55 mm for MP ≤3.5 cm compared with decrease of 2.39 mm for MP >3.5 cm. These data demonstrate that more aggressive SE >3.0 cm cheek excision lengths resulted in a protective effect on decreasing the free caudal segment of the earlobe. More aggressive excisions of the cheek demonstrate a protective effect on preserving the free earlobe caudal segment, whereas more aggressive neck skin excisions result in higher propensity for loss of the free earlobe caudal segment. In our study, we demonstrate findings observed with clinical observations that a face-lift and neck lift will result in increase in the attached cephalic earlobe segment height (I to O) and a decrease in caudal free earlobe segment height (O to S). These findings may assist plastic surgeons when trying to fine-tune the earlobe aesthetics during face-lift and neck lift. If the patient has a small free hanging earlobe, the more aggressive pull on the cheek flap will result in less reduction in the earlobe hang.
Hospice Emergency Planning and COVID-19
Authors: Baker Rogers Janna E. , Thompson Jesse M. , Mupamombe Charles T. , Vanin Jennifer M. , Navia R. Osvaldo
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requirements for Emergency Preparedness Planning (EPP) by hospice organizations significantly increased in 2017. This study seeks to assess the involvement of various hospice personnel in EPP before and since the onset of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A link to an anonymous online survey was sent to members of the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine and the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, targeting members involved in hospice care in the United States. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: Prior to the pandemic, 39.8% of respondents were “moderately” or “very” involved with the development and revisions of the Emergency Preparedness Plan. Since the beginning of the pandemic, this increased to 59%, which largely occurred among physicians. Clinical Nurse and Nurse Practitioner involvement in development/revisions remained low. Approximately 30% of respondents desired more involvement across the areas of EPP. Conclusion: The involvement of personnel of various disciplines is varied and the involvement of physicians appears to have increased with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A notable portion of personnel desired more involvement across all aspects of EPP. More research is needed in this important but little-understood area.
Postnatal Diagnostic Workup in Children With Arthrogryposis: A Series of 82 Patients
Authors: Chareyre Judith , Neuraz Antoine , Badina Alina , Barnerias Christine , Hully Marie , Kermorvant-Duchemin Elsa , Leroy-Terquem Elise , Carlier Robert Y. , Melki Judith , Desguerre Isabelle , Gitiaux Cyril
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To describe a postnatal series of patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita by the causal mechanisms involved.

Methods:

In this single-center study, the local data warehouse was used to identify patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Patients were classified into different etiologic groups.

Results:

Of 82 patients included, the most frequent cause of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita was a neuromuscular disorder (39%), including skeletal muscle (n = 19), neuromuscular junction (n = 3), and peripheral nerve (n = 11) involvement. In other subgroups, 19 patients (23%) were classified by disorders in the central nervous system, 5 (6%) in connective tissue, 7 (8.5%) had mixed mechanisms, and 18 (22%) could not be classified. Contractures topography was not associated with a causal mechanism. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroneuromyography, and muscle biopsy were the most conclusive investigations. Metabolic investigations were normal in all the patients tested. Targeted or whole exome sequencing diagnostic rates were 51% and 71%, respectively. Thirty-three percent of patients died (early death occurred in patients with polyhydramnios, prematurity, and ventilatory dependency).

Discussion:

The benefits of a precise diagnosis in the neonatal period include more tailored management of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and better genetic information.
Recovery of Cr from chrome-containing leather waste and its utilization as reinforcement along with waste spent alumina catalyst and grinding sludge in AA 5052-based metal matrix composites
Authors: Dwivedi Shashi P , Sahu Rohit , Saxena Ambuj , Dwivedi Vijay K , Srinivas Krovvidi , Sharma Shubham
Published: August 2021

The present investigation deals with the development of AA 5052-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) by utilizing industrial wastes, spent alumina catalyst, chrome-containing leather waste, and grinding sludge as a reinforcement material. The chrome-containing leather waste has been utilized to extract the collagen powder, which is a form of chromium oxide. The presence of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 phases in the spent alumina catalyst and grinding sludge ball-milled powder encourages its utilization as reinforcement material (in the form of Cr) for the development of MMCs. The stir-casting technique has been used to develop the aluminum-based MMC with waste spent alumina catalyst, chrome-containing leather waste, and grinding sludge. Further, results revealed that the matrix material mechanical properties compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness were significantly increased by 12.93%, 5.34%, and 31.81% after adding spent alumina catalyst, Cr, and grinding sludge with the weight percentage (wt.%) of 4.5%, 1.5%, and 4.5%, respectively, but the toughness was reduced. The microstructural investigation indicated the uniform distribution of reinforcing elements spent alumina catalyst (4.5 wt.%), GS (4.5%), and Cr (1.5%) in the aluminum matrix material. Further, the influence of given reinforcement elements on the thermal expansion and corrosion weight loss properties of aluminum alloy matrix material has also been investigated.
Face-Based Judgments: Accuracy, Validity, and a Potential Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Hong Seungbeom , Suk Hye Won , Choi Yoonseok , Na Jinkyung
Published: August 2021

Despite the pervasiveness of facial inferences, scholars have debated whether our face reflects valid information regarding how we actually behave. Whereas previous research has largely focused on the accuracy of facial inferences, the present research examined the validity of face-based judgments. Specifically, we tested how accurate face-based judgments are, whether the accuracy of and confidence in face-based judgments are associated, and what mechanisms potentially link facial appearance to behaviors ( N = 1,386 American and Korean adults). We found that although face-based judgments could accurately predict someone’s behavior (Study 1), participants’ confidence about their face-based judgments was not associated with their accuracy (Studies 2a and 2b). Moreover, Study 3 demonstrated that the accuracy of facial inferences is possibly due to self-fulfilling effects of facial inferences. That is, accuracy is largely driven by perceivers’ beliefs rather than by the direct association between faces and behaviors.
Transactional Relationships Within a University Campus in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gukurume Simbarashe
Published: August 2021

Research on transactional sex and relationships within university spaces is growing. Much of this research focuses on the intergenerational nature and the centrality of sex and money in such relationships. However, little attention has been paid to transactional relationships that do not necessarily involve money and that involve people within the university such as students and nonacademic university workers. As such, there is a dearth of research on campus-based transactional relationships involving students themselves and university workers where nonmaterial resources other than money are central in mediating such relationships. This article attempts to fill this knowledge gap by examining the complex dynamics of transactional relationships within a university campus in Zimbabwe. The empirical findings shows that scarce resources in the midst of growing student enrolment compel many, especially female students to venture into the campus “sexual economy” to make do and get by. In a context of lack, and protracted economic crisis, students become vulnerable to transactional sex to access scarce resources such as good grades, accommodation, and books. Therefore, the campus sexual economy enables students to creatively navigate existential challenges on campus. I argue that the construction, perceptions, and experiences of transactional sex on campus are gendered and complex.
Occupational Safety and Health and Illicit Opioids: State of the Research on Protecting Against the Threat of Occupational Exposure
Authors: Basham Casey , Cerles Audrey , Rush Margaret , Alexander-Scott Marissa , Greenawald Lee , Chiu Sophia , Broadwater Kendra , Hirst Deborah , Snawder John , Roberts Jennifer , Weber Angela , Knuth Martha , Casagrande Rocco
Published: August 2021

The nationwide opioid crisis continues to affect not only people who use opioids but also communities at large by increasing the risk of accidental occupational exposure to illicit opioids. In addition, the emergence of highly potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and carfentanil increases the need to protect workers who may encounter unknown drug substances during job activities. To support the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Opioids Research Gaps Working Group, we examined the state of the literature concerning methods to protect workers against accidental occupational exposure to illicit opioids, and have identified unmet research needs concerning personal protective equipment, decontamination methods, and engineering controls. Additional studies are needed to overcome gaps in technical knowledge about personal protective equipment, decontamination, and control methods, and gaps in understanding how these measures are utilized by workers. Increasing our knowledge of how to protect against exposure to illicit opioids has the potential to improve occupational health across communities.
Impact of Video Technology on the Comprehension of Patients With First Insulin Injection and the Efficiency of Nurse Education
Authors: Zhu Jing , Shao Le-wen , Yuan Jing-yun , Zhu Liang , Chen Can-hua , Hu Xin-mei
Published: August 2021

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of video and paper materials used for teach-back education on the first insulin injection for patients with diabetes. The study enrolled 110 patients hospitalized for diabetes who had received education on their first insulin injection in the endocrinology department. The patients were divided into an intervention group ( n = 55) and a control group ( n = 55) using convenience sampling. Video materials were employed for the teach-back education of the intervention group, while paper materials were employed for the teach-back education of the control group. We compared cases who answered correctly to the common parts (selection and management of injection devices, selection and rotation of injection sites, proper use of injection angles and pinching, insulin storage, injection-related complications and their prevention, selection of the correct needle length, and safe disposal of needles after use) for the first time, the number of educational sessions and total education duration between the two groups and employed the “ My View on Insulin” questionnaire to survey the two groups before and 28 days after the intervention. The intervention group had a shorter total education duration than the control group, a difference that was statistically significant ( p < .001). The intervention group had more advantages over the control group in terms of rotation education at the injection site ( p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in the questionnaire scores between the two groups after the intervention ( p > .05); however, both groups scored significantly higher than before the intervention, a difference that was statistically significant ( p < .001). The teach-back method combined with video materials applied for educating patients on their first insulin injection could reduce the education duration by healthcare providers and improve the patients’ psychological insulin resistance. The key to successfully teaching patients to self-administer insulin, and allowing them to master the steps involved, is to focus on “why” rather than “what” to do.
Quality of Life and Perceived Social Support Before and After Sex Reassignment Surgery
Authors: Gümüşsoy Süreyya , Hortu İsmet , Alp Dal Nursel , Dönmez Sevgül , Ergenoğlu Ahmet Mete
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to explore the pre- and postoperative differences in quality of life and perceived social support of Female-to-Male transsexual patients who underwent mastectomy and complete hysterectomy. Sixty-three Female-to-Male female individuals who underwent complete hysterectomy and mastectomy between November 2019 and November 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form. The pre- and postoperative perceived social support mean scores of patients were 57.2 ± 9.0 and 74.9 ± 7.3, respectively. The pre- and postoperative quality of life mean scores of patients were 76.9 ± 8.3 and 107.8 ± 10.1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the measurements ( p < .05). In addition, the patients whose education level was primary school, whose income was less than their expenditure, whose father was a primary school graduate, whose family had a strict family opinion on sexuality, whose family had a traditional view, and who had a high body mass index were found to have higher postoperative social support perceptions and quality of life. The patients’ postoperative quality of life and perceived social support improved after sex reassignment surgery.
Continuous Multidisciplinary Care for Patients With Orofacial Clefts—Should the Follow-up Interval Depend on the Cleft Entity?
Authors: Sander Anna K. , Grau Elisabeth , Kloss-Brandstätter Anita , Zimmerer Rüdiger , Neuhaus Michael , Bartella Alexander K. , Lethaus Bernd
Published: August 2021

Objective

The multidisciplinary follow-up of patients with cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) is organized differently in specialized centers worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different treatment needs of patients with different manifestations of CL/P and to potentially adapt the frequency and timing of checkup examinations accordingly.

Design

We retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients attending the CL/P consultation hour at a tertiary care center between June 2005 and August 2020 ( n = 1126). We defined 3 groups of cleft entities: (1) isolated clefts of lip or lip and alveolus (CL/A), (2) isolated clefts of the hard and/or soft palate, and (3) complete clefts of lip, alveolus and palate (CLP). Timing and type of therapy recommendations given by the specialists of different disciplines were analyzed for statistical differences.

Results

Patients with CLP made up the largest group ( n = 537), followed by patients with cleft of the soft palate ( n = 371) and CL ± A ( n = 218). There were significant differences between the groups with regard to type and frequency of treatment recommendations. A therapy was recommended in a high proportion of examinations in all groups at all ages.

Conclusion

Although there are differences between cleft entities, the treatment need of patients with orofacial clefts is generally high during the growth period. Patients with CL/A showed a similarly high treatment demand and should be monitored closely. A close follow-up for patients with diagnosis of CL/P is crucial and measures should be taken to increase participation in follow-up appointments.
A Histopathologic Approach to Uterine Niche: What to Expect and to Report in Hysteroscopy-Resected Isthmocele Specimens
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Almulla Amal
Published: August 2021

As one of the emerging complications of caesarean sections (CSs), pathologists will have an important role in handling samples of uterine niches. An isthmocele is a defect at the site of a previous CS scar resulting in a variety of symptoms and niche-related subfertility. There is a deficiency in the literature of the histopathologic features of hysteroscopy-resected isthmocele ridges. Our aim is to fill this gap to highlight what to expect to see and what important findings to report to guide gynecologists to the results of hysteroscopic isthmoplasty in relation to symptoms improvement, fertility restoration, and potential complications. We found 22 cases of hysteroscopy-resected isthmoceles by performing a retrospective review study. The majority of the women were symptomatic with secondary infertility. The resected isthmocele edges were lined by endocervical, endometrial, and isthmic mucosa either combined or isolated depending on each case. Isthmoceles could be classified depending on the predominant lining mucosa into endocervical-isthmoendocervical (low) and endometrial-isthmic (high-intermediate) niches. This could be correlated with certain symptoms. The edges showed variably thickened fibrous and fibromuscular stromal tissue with characteristic thick-walled blood vessels. Some cases showed miscellaneous findings such as hemosiderin pigments with foreign body giant cell reaction and placental implantation site tissue reflecting a previous history of surgical repair and scar pregnancy. Cauterization artifacts may impose interpretation challenges for pathologists. Utility of certain special stains helps delineate the nature of badly cauterized tissues. It is important to report certain histologic findings in isthmocele samples to correlate with clinical findings and guide gynecologists.
An Emergent Theory Depicting Patients’ Fortitude Through the Healing and Recovering Process of Depression
Authors: Sun Fan-Ko , Long Ann , Wu Ming-Kung , Chiu Nien-Mu , Hung Chi-Fa , Tseng Yun Shan
Published: August 2021

Background:

Depression is a common mental disorder. Literature has explored patients’ perspectives of the recovering process of depression. However, there is a lack of research to explore both patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives of the healing process and develop a theory to support patients with depression.

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to develop a substantive theory that depicts patients with depression toward healing and recovering.

Methods:

This study used a grounded theory approach and collected data between 2019 and 2020 in a medical center in Taiwan. A theoretical sampling was performed after interviewing 29 participants, including 20 patients who had recovered from depression and nine caregivers; data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was conducted with open, axial, and selective coding and used NVivo Version 11 to aid the process of coding.

Results:

A substantive theory was developed and the core category was “Patients’ fortitude through the healing and recovering process of depression.” Other main categories interrelated in this core category were reframing negative thinking and cultivating positive thinking, rebuilding a positive self-worth by embracing self-compassion, and learning to cope with everyday stress.

Conclusions:

This theory could help health care professionals to work therapeutically with patients and commend their fortitude while experiencing depression and engaging them with the care they planned together; and find some joy in life. Educators and researchers could use this theory to advance nursing care.
Indigenous resilience and the COVID-19 response: a situation report on the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Idrus Rusaslina , Man Zanisah , Williams-Hunt Anthony , Chopil Tijah Yok
Published: August 2021

In this situation report, we discuss the response of the Orang Asli, the aboriginal people of Peninsular Malaysia, to COVID-19, focusing specifically on the community’s actions to protect themselves from the coronavirus during the government-imposed lockdown. Drawing from an Indigenous understanding of illness and health, the Orang Asli took the threat of the pandemic seriously and responded with proactive steps to keep their community safe, which included setting up barricades and checkpoints to control movement into their villages, performing health maintenance rituals and prayers and retreating into the forest. We argue that the Orang Asli’s response mitigated the spread of the virus into their villages. Their adaptation and resilience emphasize the need to respect their traditional knowledge and way of life, as well as the importance of strengthening the Orang Asli’s control over their traditional territories and environment.
Cortical involvement and leptomeningeal inflammation in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: A three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI study
Authors: Tzanetakos Dimitrios , Tzartos John S , Vakrakou Aigli G , Breza Marianthi , Velonakis Georgios , Stathopoulos Panos , Pantou Eirini , Markakis Ioannis , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Karavasilis Efstratios , Toulas Panagiotis , Evangelopoulos Μaria-Eleptheria , Koutsis Georgios , Anagnostouli Maria , Stefanis Leonidas , Kilidireas Costantinos
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cortical demyelination and meningeal inflammation have been detected neuropathologically in multiple sclerosis (MS) and recently in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD).

Objectives:

To assess in vivo cortical and leptomeningeal involvement in MOGAD.

Methods:

We prospectively evaluated 11 MOGAD and 12 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients combining three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) and 3D-T1-weighted (3D-T1w) sequences at 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE) was assessed on 3D-FLAIR post-gadolinium (3D-FLAIRGd). Cerebral cortical lesions (CCLs) were classified as either intracortical–subpial (IC–SP) or leukocortical (LC).

Results:

CCLs were present in 8/11 MOGAD and 12/12 RRMS patients, with the number of CCLs being significantly lower in MOGAD (median (interquartile range (IQR)) 3 (0.5–4) vs 12 (4.75–19), p = 0.0032). In MOGAD, IC–SP lesions were slightly more prevalent than LC lesions (2 (0–2.5) vs 1 (0–2), p = 0.6579); whereas in RRMS, IC–SP lesions were less prevalent than LC lesions (3.5 (2.75–5.5) vs 9 (2–12.75), p = 0.27). LMCE was observed in 3/11 MOGAD and 1/12 RRMS patients; MOGAD with LMCE showed an increased median number of CCLs compared with MOGAD without LMCE (8 (4–9) vs 2.5 (0.75–3.25), p = 0.34). No correlation was observed between MOGAD MRI findings and (a) MOGAD duration, (b) serum MOG-immunoglobulin G1 titers, and (c) oligoclonal band presence.

Conclusion:

We described cortical lesion topography and detected for the first time LMCE using 3D-FLAIRGd sequences in MOGAD patients.
Hemostatic factors in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Abbadessa Gianmarco , Lavorgna Luigi , Treaba Constantina Andrada , Bonavita Simona , Mainero Caterina
Published: August 2021

Background:

A growing body of evidence has shed light on the role of the hemostatic pathway and its components in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in enhancing and sustaining neuroinflammation.

Objective:

To review the clinical, experimental, and neuroimaging evidence supporting the role of different components of the hemostatic pathway in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in MS and discuss their translational potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Methods:

A literature search for most relevant articles from 1956 to 2020 was conducted in PubMed and Scopus.

Results:

Hemostasis components appear to be involved in different key events of neuroinflammation in MS including mononuclear cell diapedesis, microglia activation, and neuronal damage.

Conclusion:

The findings on the interplay between hemostatic and thrombotic molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in MS open new opportunities for developing novel biomarkers for disease monitoring and prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic targets.
Cognition and disease characteristics in adult onset versus late onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Butler Pagnotti Rachel , Hua Le H , Miller Justin B
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cognitive impairment is common sequelae of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, relatively little is known about cognitive impairment in late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS).

Objective:

To investigate differences in disease characteristics and cognition in LOMS and adult-onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS) patients.

Methods:

Archival medical records and neuropsychological evaluations from an MS specialty center were reviewed. Differences in disease characteristics between 53 LOMS and 124 AOMS were compared using chi-square or analysis of variance (ANOVA). To investigate differences in cognitive functioning, age-adjusted standardized scores were compared via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), using cardiac risk factors and disease duration as covariates.

Results:

Compared to AOMS, LOMS patients had significantly more cardiac risk factors, shorter disease duration, and shorter time to diagnosis. LOMS patients had similar Expanded Disability Status Scale scores as AOMS patients. LOMS patients demonstrated significantly more impairment on tasks of visual learning and memory, and working memory than AOMS patients.

Conclusion:

Despite a shorter disease duration, LOMS and AOMS patients had similar levels of physical impairment. However, even after accounting for differences in disease duration and cardiac risk, LOMS patients showed a greater burden of cognitive impairment than AOMS patients, suggesting MS diagnosed later in life may progress faster due to the interaction between MS neuropathology and aging.