bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Approach
Authors: Bergmann Jonas
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, I discuss the main concepts and the theories that guide this research on the impacts of migration from, and immobility in, areas affected by climate hazards. They include the applied approaches to climate impacts, related (im)mobilities, and their well-being effects. After discussing the strengths and limitations of key migration theories, I justify why the Aspirations-Capabilities Framework serves as a valuable foundation for understanding the various ways in which (im)mobilities emerge. Additionally, the Resource-Based Model developed by Ryan and colleagues provides a useful lens to identify key processes and mechanisms through which the impactson migrants and stayers unfold. Such impacts are conceptualized through a well-being prism. Based on a review of prominent well-being concepts, this chapter defines well-being as how the needs that climate migrants or stayers prioritize are met (measures of objective well-being); how they evaluate their life situations cognitively and emotionally in the present; and how they look to the future (measures of subjective well-being). The chapter closes by specifying and justifying the indicators chosen to represent objective and subjective well-being and by comparing them to other existing approaches for measuring the impacts of (im)mobilities.
Posets for which Verdier duality holds
Authors: Aoki Ko
Published: October 2023

We discuss two known sheaf-cosheaf duality theorems: Curry’s for the face posets of finite regular CW complexes and Lurie’s for compact Hausdorff spaces, i.e., covariant Verdier duality. We provide a uniform formulation for them and prove their generalizations. Our version of the former works over the sphere spectrum and for more general finite posets, which we characterize in terms of the Gorenstein* condition. Our version of the latter says that the stabilization of a proper separated $$\infty $$
∞
-topos is rigid in the sense of Gaitsgory. As an application, for stratified topological spaces, we clarify the relation between these two duality equivalences.
Sonderlagen und Gefahrenabwehr in deutschen Krankenhäusern – eine Umfrage zum Ist-Zustand
Authors: von der Forst M. , Popp E. , Weigand M. A. , Neuhaus C.
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Bei Ereignissen wie einem Cyberangriff oder einem Massenanfall von Verletzten müssen in Krankenhäusern Ad-hoc-Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. Die beteiligten Prozesse und Instrumente zur Gefahrenabwehr werden in der Krankenhausalarm- und -einsatzplanung (KAEP) festgelegt. Mit welchen Ressourcen und auf welche Sonderlagen sich Krankenhäuser vorbereiten, soll die vorliegende Studie erläutern.

Methoden

Es wurde eine prospektive, explorative, anonyme Umfrage an Krankenhäusern in Deutschland durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Krankenhäuser, die sowohl über eine Innere Medizin als auch eine Chirurgie verfügen. Verantwortliche für Qualitäts‑/Risikomanagement wurden anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu Ressourcen, Risiken und Inhalten der eigenen KAEP befragt.

Ergebnisse

Es nahmen 95 Kliniken an der Umfrage teil, von diesen gaben 98 % (n = 93) an, über eine KAEP zu verfügen. Die Vorbereitung auf einzelne Szenarien war sehr unterschiedlich. In 60 % (n = 56) der befragten Kliniken existierte eine ärztlich besetzte Stabsstelle Krisen/Katastrophenmanagement. Eine Freistellung erfolgte in 12 Kliniken (ausnahmslos Schwerpunkt- oder Maximalversorger).

Diskussion

Die meisten teilnehmenden Kliniken sind sich der Notwendigkeit einer KAEP bewusst und halten szenariospezifische Pläne vor. Lücken scheint es neben chemischen, biologischen und radionuklearen Lagen jedoch insbesondere im Bereich von Extremwetterereignissen und Infrastrukturausfällen zu geben. Es bedarf in Zukunft v. a. einer adäquaten Freistellung von ärztlichem Personal für den Bereich KAEP und einer Refinanzierung dieser Maßnahmen bei den Krankenhäusern.
Absorbable Clips Applied in Thoracoscopic Anatomical Lung Resection in Younger Children
Authors: He Taozhen , Sun Xiaoyan , Luo Dengke , Dai Shiyi , Yuan Miao , Yang Gang , Cheng Kaisheng , Xu Chang
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a 5‐mm absorbable clips applied in thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection in younger children.

Methods

Demographic data and intra‐ and postoperative parameters of the two groups (Abs‐o‐lock® group and Hem‐o‐lok® group) were reviewed. In the Abs‐o‐lock® group, 5‐mm absorbable clips were used in thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection on all patients from January 2020 to March 2021. In the Hem‐o‐lok® group, 5‐mm Hem‐o‐lok® clips were used from January to December 2019. The primary outcomes were the one‐time success rate of ligation, major bleeding rate, intraoperative dislodgement rate and operative time, which were compared between the two groups.

Results

There were 224 patients involved in this study, of whom 103 were in the Abs‐o‐lock® group and 121 were in the Hem‐o‐lok® group. The one‐time success rate of ligation was 96.5% in the Abs‐o‐lock® group and 98.9% in the Hem‐o‐lok® group (p < 0.05). No major bleeding occurred in either group. The intraoperative dislodgement rate did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 1.0). The operative time consumed in the Abs‐o‐lock® group was much longer than that in the Hem‐o‐lok® group for subgroups of resection of extralobar sequestration (p < 0.05), lobectomy (p < 0.05) and segmentectomy (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Compared to Hem‐o‐lok® clips, it is feasible and safe to apply 5‐mm absorbable clips for vessel sealing during thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection in younger children.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Lymphography During Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: Relationship Between Lymphatic Vessel Injury and Postoperative Hydrocele
Authors: Nakaseko Yuichi , Yoshida Masashi , Kamada Teppei , Kai Wataru , Fuse Yoshinobu , Takahashi Junji , Nakashima Keigo , Suzuki Norihiko , Ohdaira Hironori , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: October 2023

Background

This prospective case series analyzed patients who underwent indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphography during open inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ICG leakage and postoperative hydroceles in patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair.

Materials and Methods

Data were analyzed from 40 patients who underwent primary open hernia repair between October 2020 and June 2021 (44 cases in total). Hydroceles were categorized into two types: symptomatic and “ultrasonic” (detected only by ultrasound imaging).

Results

In the univariate analysis, hernia type (p = 0.044) and ICG leakage (p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for postoperative ultrasonic hydroceles. Additionally, mesh type (p = 0.043) and ICG leakage (p = 0.025) were independent risk factors for postoperative symptomatic hydroceles. In the multivariate analysis, ICG leakage (p = 0.034) was an independent risk factor for postoperative ultrasonic hydroceles.

Conclusions

ICG leakage after inguinal hernia repair was independently associated with postoperative ultrasonic and symptomatic hydroceles. These findings suggest a relationship between lymphatic vessel injury and the incidence of postoperative hydroceles.
Validation of the Twenty‐Four‐Hour Threshold for Bladder Repair: Impact on Infection Rates Using the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Chi , Chien Chih‐Ying , Li Pei‐Hua , Hsu Ting‐An , Fu Chih‐Yuan , Bajani Francesco , Mis Justin , Poulakidas Stathis , Bokhari Faran
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to validate the previously reported association between delayed bladder repair and increased infection rates using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB).

Methods

Bladder injury patients with bladder repair in the NTDB from 2013 to 2015 were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare mortality, infection rates, and hospital length of stay (LOS) between patients who underwent bladder repair within 24 h and those who underwent repair after 24 h. Linear regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed.

Results

A total of 1658 patients were included in the study. Patients who underwent bladder repair after 24 h had significantly higher infection rates (5.4% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.032) and longer hospital LOS (17.1 vs. 14.0 days, p = 0.032) compared to those who underwent repair within 24 h after a well‐balanced 1:1 PSM (N = 166). Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between time to bladder repair and hospital LOS for patients who underwent repair after 24 h (B‐value = 0.093, p = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that bladder repair after 24 h increased the risk of infection (odds = 3.162, p = 0.018). Subset analyses were performed on patients who underwent bladder repairs within 24 h and were used as a control group. These analyses showed that the time to bladder repair did not significantly worsen outcomes.

Conclusions

Delayed bladder repair beyond 24 h increases the risk of infection and prolongs hospital stays. Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention remain crucial for minimizing complications in bladder injury patients.
Affektkognitive Faktoren bei Psychose und Depression
Authors: Fuchshuber Jürgen , Oberlerchner Herwig , Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: October 2023

Die therapeutische Beziehungsarbeit mit psychotischen Patient:innen wird häufig von großen Schwierigkeiten begleitet. Dieser Umstand lässt sich auch auf schwere und komplexe Traumatisierungen der Patient:innen zurückführen, welche im Hier und Jetzt der therapeutischen Beziehung re-inszenatorischen Ausdruck finden. Ein wertvolles Konzept, welches dem Schutz der therapeutischen Arbeitsbeziehung dienen kann, ist das Konzept der Gegenübertragung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher die Beziehung zwischen Traumatisierung der Patient:innen, Gegenübertragung und therapeutischem Arbeitsbündnis im Hinblick auf die bionschen Konzepte Reverie und Containing untersucht.
Lack of detection of Mycobacterium microti infection in wild rodents from a free-ranging wild boar outbreak area
Authors: Vidal Enric , Espunyes Johan , Ribas Maria Puig , Melgarejo Cristian , Martino Laura , Michelet Lorraine , Boschiroli Maria Laura , Sanz Albert , Allepuz Alberto , Cabezón Oscar , de Val Bernat Pérez
Published: October 2023

Wild small rodents are considered the natural reservoirs of Mycobacterium microti, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that can cause tuberculosis (TB) in humans and animals, as well as interfere with current tuberculosis eradication plans in livestock. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Catalan Pyrenees (Iberian Peninsula) in an area where M. microti was previously isolated from wild boars, to evaluate the role of micromammals in the epidemiology of this outbreak. A total of 350 wild rodents were necropsied (306 Murinae and 44 Arvicolinae) in spring and autumn during two consecutive natural years. Tissues were analyzed by histopathology to look for TB-like lesions and by qPCR and culture to detect MTBC. Sera were analyzed by MTBC-specific ELISA. No evidence of TB infection in wild rodents was confirmed. Results suggest that small rodents did not play a role in the epidemiology of M. microti in the area. The source of this mycobacterium remains unknown, but previous detections of M. microti in various species in southern France suggest the movements of wild boars across the French Pyrenees as the most likely origin of the outbreak detected in the Iberian Peninsula.
Health risks associated with argasid ticks, transmitted pathogens, and blood parasites in Pyrenean griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) nestlings
Authors: Moraga-Fernández Alberto , Oliva-Vidal Pilar , Sánchez-Sánchez Marta , Muñoz-Hernández Clara , Martínez José María , Margalida Antoni , de la Fuente José , Fernández de Mera Isabel G.
Published: October 2023

There is a knowledge gap in the study of Argasidae soft ticks and the pathogens they can transmit. These hematophagous arthropods are widely distributed and are often considered typical bird ectoparasites. Tick-parasitized birds can act not only as a reservoir of pathogens but also can carry these pathogen-infected arthropods to new areas. Seven griffon vulture nestlings were sampled in northeastern Spain, collecting ticks (n = 28) from two individuals and blood from each vulture (n = 7). Blood samples from griffon vultures tested PCR positive for Flavivirus (7/7), Anaplasma (6/7), piroplasms (4/7), and Rickettsia (1/7). A total of 27 of the 28 analyzed ticks were positive for Rickettsia, 9/28 for Anaplasma, 2/28 for piroplasms, and 5/28 for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv). Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of Rickettsia spp., Babesia ardeae, and zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum in vultures and Rickettsia spp., B. ardeae, and CCHFv genotype V in ticks.
Expanding the Fourier Transform of the Scaled Circular Jacobi $$\beta $$ Ensemble Density
Authors: Forrester Peter J. , Shen Bo-Jian
Published: October 2023

The family of circular Jacobi $$\beta $$
β
ensembles has a singularity of a type associated with Fisher and Hartwig in the theory of Toeplitz determinants. Our interest is in the Fourier transform of the corresponding $$N \rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

bulk scaled spectral density about this singularity, expanded as a series in the Fourier variable. Various integrability aspects of the circular Jacobi$$\beta $$
β
ensemble are used for this purpose. These include linear differential equations satisfied by the scaled spectral density for $$\beta = 2$$

β
=
2

and $$\beta = 4$$

β
=
4

, and the loop equation hierarchy. The polynomials in the variable $$u=2/\beta $$

u
=
2
/
β

which occur in the expansion coefficents are found to have special properties analogous to those known for the structure function of the circular $$\beta $$
β
ensemble, specifically in relation to the zeros lying on the unit circle $$|u|=1$$

|
u
|
=
1

and interlacing. Comparison is also made with known results for the expanded Fourier transform of the density about a guest charge in the two-dimensional one-component plasma.
Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (sDBD) for Flow Control in Plasma Conversion
Authors: Mohsenimehr Soad , von Keudell Achim
Published: October 2023

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) are often used for gas conversion, such as carbon dioxide splitting, volatile organic compound removal or ozone generation. Due to the tiny plasma filaments in DBD discharges, efficient mixing of the gas flow with the plasma is essential. This is studied by using a surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) with an electrode design similar to plasma actuators to optimize plasma-flow interaction. The flow pattern has been measured by Schlieren diagnostics and compared to a fluid dynamic simulation. Gas conversion efficiency has been tested by monitoring the conversion of 0.7% CO$$_2$$

2

admixed to an N$$_2$$

2

gas stream via infrared spectroscopy in the exhaust. The actuator design of the electrodes induces a significant plasma force on the fluid, which results in the formation of vortices above the electrodes, as reproduced in the simulation. It is shown that the height of the vortices created in the velocity field can characterize the mixing process, which dominates the conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide at different gas flow rates.
Antibiotic- and metal-resistant endophytes inhabit Armeria maritima hyperaccumulator
Authors: Goryluk-Salmonowicz Agata , Myczka Anna W. , Popowska Magdalena
Published: October 2023

Background and aims

Recent research has recognized the presence of metal-resistant bacteria in plants and their role in phytoremediation intensification. However, information on the antibiotic resistance profile of those bacteria remains scarce. This study, describes the first isolation of endophytic bacteria from green parts of Armeria maritima growing on mine-tailing soil in southern Poland, and presents the resistance profile of these microorganisms.

Methods

Bacteria were isolated from internal tissues of Armeria maritima and characterized. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of metals was determined by the plate dilution method using (CH3COO)2Pb and ZnSO4 supplemented medium; antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method according to EUCAST version 11.0; the whole genome sequencing was performed using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). The physicochemical properties of soil were evaluated according to European Standards.

Results

Toxic metal-resistant bacteria were isolated from the green parts of Armeria maritima. The endophytes were identified as Pseudomonas spp. The annotated bacterial genomes carried genes encoding numerous metal ion transporters, metal reducing enzymes and efflux pump components. The bacteria were resistant to streptomycin, fosfomycin and ß-lactams. Moreover, genome analysis revealed the presence of MacAB-TolC efflux pump genes conferring resistance to macrolides, the multidrug efflux pumps AcrAB-TolC and MexAB-OprM.

Conclusion

Armeria maritima is inhabited by endophytic bacteria identified as Pseudomonas species that are resistant to metals and to antibiotics. Under the One Health concept the contamination of soil and plants with ARB and ARGs should be monitored and limited and a regulatory framework for safety use of bacterial bioinoculants should be established.
Comparing qualitative and quantitative text analysis methods in combination with document-based social network analysis to understand policy networks
Authors: Malandrino Anna
Published: October 2023

The literature that reflects on the application of Social Network Analysis (SNA) in combination with other methods is flourishing. However, there is a dearth of studies that compare qualitative and quantitative methods to complement structural SNA. This article addresses this gap by systematically discussing the advantages and disadvantages relating to the use of qualitative text analysis and interviewing as well as quantitative text mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques such as word frequency analysis, cluster analysis, topic modeling, and topic classification to understand policy networks. This method-oriented comparative study features two empirical studies that respectively examine the Employment Thematic Network, established under the aegis of the European Commission, and the intergovernmental cooperation network set up within the Bologna Process. The article compares and discusses the underlying research processes in terms of time, human resources, research resources, unobtrusiveness, and effectiveness toward the goal of telling meaningful stories about the examined networks in light of specific guiding hypotheses. In doing so, the paper nurtures the debate on mixed-methods research on social networks amidst the well-known paradigm war between qualitative and quantitative methods in network analysis.
Quantitative LC–MS study of compounds found predictive of COVID-19 severity and outcome
Authors: Roberts Ivayla , Wright Muelas Marina , Taylor Joseph M. , Davison Andrew S. , Winder Catherine L. , Goodacre Royston , Kell Douglas B.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in December 2019 multiple metabolomics studies have proposed predictive biomarkers of infection severity and outcome. Whilst some trends have emerged, the findings remain intangible and uninformative when it comes to new patients.

Objectives

In this study, we accurately quantitate a subset of compounds in patient serum that were found predictive of severity and outcome.

Methods

A targeted LC–MS method was used in 46 control and 95 acute COVID-19 patient samples to quantitate the selected metabolites. These compounds included tryptophan and its degradation products kynurenine and kynurenic acid (reflective of immune response), butyrylcarnitine and its isomer (reflective of energy metabolism) and finally 3′,4′-didehydro-3′-deoxycytidine, a deoxycytidine analogue, (reflective of host viral defence response). We subsequently examine changes in those markers by disease severity and outcome relative to those of control patients’ levels.

Results & conclusion

Finally, we demonstrate the added value of the kynurenic acid/tryptophan ratio for severity and outcome prediction and highlight the viral detection potential of ddhC.
A comprehensive overview of eco-friendly bio-fertilizers extracted from living organisms
Authors: Ammar Esraa E. , Rady Hadeer A. , Khattab Ahmed M. , Amer Mohamed H. , Mohamed Sohila A. , Elodamy Nour I. , AL-Farga Ammar , Aioub Ahmed A. A.
Published: October 2023

Currently, sustainable agriculture involves ecofriendly techniques, which include biofertilization. Biofertilizers increase plant productivity by improving soil fertility and nutrient content. A wide range of living organisms can be applied as biofertilizers and increase soil fertility without causing pollution due to their biodegradability. The organisms can be microorganisms like bacteria, microalgae, and micro fungi or macro organisms like macroalgae, macro fungi, and higher plants. Biofertilizers extracted from living organisms or their residues will be increasingly used rather than chemical fertilizers, which cause heavy metal accumulation in soil. Biofertilizer use aims for sustainable development in agriculture by maintaining the soil. This will mitigate climate change and related impacts and will also lower many serious diseases resulting from pollution such as cancer, liver and renal failure, and immune diseases. This review is a comprehensive overview of biofertilizers extracted from a range of living organisms from the Kingdoms Monera to Plantae and included bacteria, algae, fungi, and higher plants. Organisms that play a vital role in elevating soil nutrients in a safe, cheap, and ecofriendly manner are included in the review to promote their potential commercial application.
Communication, networks and asset price dynamics: a survey
Authors: Hatcher Michael , Hellmann Tim
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we provide a wide-ranging survey of the state of the art in the area of communication and asset price dynamics. We start out by documenting empirical evidence that social communication influences investment decisions and asset prices, before turning to the main modelling approaches in the literature (both past and present). We discuss models of belief-updating based on observed performance; models of herd behaviour; and models with social interactions that arise from preferences for conformity or contrarianism. Our main contribution is to introduce readers to a social network approach which has been widely used in the opinion dynamics literature, but only recently applied to asset pricing. In the final part, we show how recent contributions to both modelling and empirical work are using the social network approach to improve our understanding of financial markets and asset price dynamics. We conclude with some thoughts on fruitful avenues for future research.
(Wund‑)Management beim diabetischen Fußsyndrom (DFS)
Authors: Eckhard Michael , Engels Gerald
Published: October 2023

Zu glauben, das diabetische Fußsyndrom (DFS) sei nur eine Wunde am Fuß eines an Diabetes erkrankten Menschen, verkennt die Komplexität und Tragweite dieser multifaktoriellen Komplikation einer Diabeteserkrankung. Das DFS geht mit relevanten Einschränkungen bis hin zu Amputationen und reduzierter Lebenserwartung für die Betroffenen sowie einem hohen Ressourcenverbrauch für unser Gesundheitssystem einher. Komplizierte Verläufe und auch Amputationen können signifikant reduziert werden, wenn die Patienten ohne Verzögerung spezialisierten interdisziplinären Behandlungsteams zugeführt werden. Vor der Therapie steht die Diagnose – vor Behandlungsbeginn sollten stets 2 Fragen beantwortet werden: Die nach der Ursache des aktiven diabetischen Fußulkus (DFU; Bedingung) und die nach dessen Lokalisation (Auslöser). Eine Wundbehandlung beim DFS muss stets in ein strukturiertes Diagnose- und Behandlungskonzept eingebettet sein. Dafür bieten IRBESA-PP (Infektionsmanagement, Revaskularisierung, Begleiterkrankungen, Entlastung, stadiengerechte Wundbehandlung, [Grenzzonen-]Amputation, Physiotherapie und psychosoziale Unterstützung, Prävention inklusive Podologie) und das Entitätenkonzept eine geeignete konzeptionelle Grundlage. Dabei ist von essenzieller Bedeutung, dass sämtliche an der Behandlung Beteiligten verstehen und verinnerlichen, welche konkreten Auswirkungen der neuropathiebedingte Verlust schützender sensibler Empfindungen („loss of protective sensations“ [LOPS]) im Behandlungsalltag hat: Aufgrund der neuropathischen Defizite fehlt eine schützende schmerzreflektorische Schonhaltung. Die Patienten laufen im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes in ihre komplexen Probleme hinein. Alle an der Behandlung beteiligten Leistungserbringer und Professionen müssen ein solides Maß an Erfahrungs- und Behandlungskompetenz besitzen und interprofessionell so gut koordiniert und abgestimmt arbeiten, dass sie das im (neuropathiebedingten) Verlust der leiblichen Ökonomie begründete Fehlverhalten des Patienten bei allen Maßnahmen bereits mit einkalkulieren.
Conceptualisation of Personal Recovery and Recovery-Oriented Care for Youth: Multisystemic Perspectives
Authors: Dallinger Vicki C. , Krishnamoorthy Govind , du Plessis Carol , Pillai-Sasidharan Arun , Ayres Alice , Waters Lillian , Groom Yasmin , Sweeney Kiara , Anderson Linda , Rees Bronwyn , Burton Lorelle
Published: October 2023

There is a substantial body of evidence on the construct of personal recovery and the value of recovery-oriented mental health care worldwide. Personal recovery refers to the lived experience of those with mental illness overcoming challenges and living satisfying lives within the limitations of mental health symptomology. Conceptualisations such as CHIME have primarily relied on adult frameworks. With growing concerns about youth mental health, the present study aimed to understand the experiences of personal recovery and recovery-oriented care for youth. Given the multisystemic influences on youth development, the study analysed narratives from youth, caregivers, and mental health professionals. The analysis revealed two developmentally unique recovery processes involving the restoration of capabilities and existing relationships (restorative processes) and the bolstering of protective influences and strengths (resilience processes). Deductive analysis identified alignment to the CHIME framework. Implications of the findings for recovery-oriented care for youth are discussed.
Tissue histology on the correlation between fracture energy and elasticity
Authors: Yamamoto Kenzo , Hara Kazuaki , Kobayashi Etsuko , Yuki Akagi , Sakuma Ichiro
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Preemptively estimating tissue damage is crucial for a safe surgical procedure. We previously investigated the possibility of estimating the fracture energies of biological tissues based on their elasticities. However, the reason behind the presence of these correlations is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of a tissue’s histology on the correlation between the fracture energy and elasticity. We hypothesize that two tissues with similar fibrous structure will show a similar correlation between the fracture energy and elasticity.

Methods

Porcine duodenum were used for this study. Two tensile tests were performed for each porcine duodenum specimen to determine its elasticity and tearing energy. The correlation between fracture energy and elasticity was then investigated using the results from the mechanical tests. Furthermore, duodenum specimens were fixed in 10% formalin while under tension. Microscopic images were then taken to visualize the fibrous structure within the duodenum tissues under tension.

Results

The results from the tensile test showed that the fracture energy had an isotropic positive and linear correlation with the elasticity to the negative 0.5th power (R2 = 0.89), which was also previously reported in small intestinal (jejunum) specimens. Furthermore, the tearing patterns of the duodenum were identical to the ones reported in the jejunum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining on tissues fixed under tension showed that the endomysium fibers are involved in providing resistance toward traction.

Conclusion

Through mechanical tests, we showed that porcine duodenum tissues also have a correlation between its fracture energy and elasticity. We also discussed that the histological structure of a tissue is an important factor that dictates how the tearing energy of a tissue will correlate to the elasticity. We understood that since the tearing mechanism between the duodenum and jejunum was similar, the correlations between their fracture energies and elasticities were also similar.
The effect of HPV vaccination on the rate of high-grade cytology in 25-year-old women attending cervical screening in Ireland
Authors: Rourke Micheal , Fitzpatrick Patricia , Popoola Olalekan , Boms Rewhandamzi , Mooney Therese , Heavey Laura , Mohan Caroline Mason , Martin Cara M. , Jessop Lucy , Russell Noirin E.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Women vaccinated through the initial catch-up HPV vaccination programme (2011/12 to 2013/14) first became eligible for cervical screening in 2019 at age 25. This study aims to examine the changes in detection of HG cytology outcomes in 25-year-olds screened from 2010 to 2022 compared to population data on HPV vaccination in this group.

Methods

This was an ecological-type study. Cytology results from the CervicalCheck database from 2010 to 2022 (High Grade, Low Grade, and No Abnormality Detected) were plotted against data from the National Immunisation Office on the uptake of HPV vaccinations in females from 2010 to 2022.

Results

Vaccination rates in the catch-up programme were lower (44–70%) than for routine HPV immunisation at age 12/13 in 2010/11 (81%). The rate of high-grade cytology in 25-year-olds in 2015–2018 was 3.7% of all cytology tests taken in this age group. For the corresponding period from 2019 to 2022 (when vaccinated women were attending screening), the average percentage of HG cytology in 25-year-olds was 1.5%, representing a significant reduction in HG cytology proportions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study provides early evidence of the potential impact of HPV vaccination on cervical disease in the Republic of Ireland. Despite lower vaccination uptake in the initial catch-up group, we are seeing early signs of the positive protective effect of HPV vaccination in women at the time of their first cervical screening test. Plans to incorporate individual-level HPV vaccination status for women on the cervical screening register will allow more detailed assessment of the impact of HPV vaccination.
Comment on the Paper Numerical Simulation for Magneto Nanofluid Flow Through a Porous Space with Melting Heat Transfer, T. Hayat, Faisal Shah, A. Alsaedi, M. Waqas, Microgravity Science and Technology (2018) 30:265–275
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios
Published: October 2023

Some serious errors exist in the above paper. Many concentration profiles are truncated and wrong. The local similarity method used is not correct. The dimensionless Hartmann number is dimensional and wrong.
Häm-Interaktionen an der Schnittstelle zwischen SARS-CoV-2 und Wirtszelle
Authors: Hopp Marie-T. , Imhof Diana
Published: October 2023

A link between COVID-19 and heme-driven pathophysiology was recognized early due to SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmune reactions leading to hemolysis. The accumulating heme has been shown to trigger inflammation and thrombosis. Moreover, heme-binding motifs were identified in the viral spike glycoprotein and protein 7a as well as in the host protein ACE2. Biophysical and in silico studies confirmed heme binding to these proteins, emphasizing the potential relevance of hemolysis in COVID-19.
Onkolytische Viren zur Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen
Authors: Dittus Katia , Eilert Adrian E. , Szczeponik Marie G. , Hastedt Juliane K. , Ungerechts Guy , Leber Mathias F.
Published: October 2023

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy in the ongoing quest for effective cancer treatments. Anti-tumor effects are achieved by direct destruction of cancer cells, leading to the release of tumor antigens and the induction of an anti-tumor immune response. Preclinical research is focused on combining and genetically modifying oncolytic viruses to further improve their safety and potency. Here, we discuss some of the manifold approaches of viral engineering.
Wie man ein Glashaus baut: die außergewöhnlichen Proteine der Kieselalgen
Authors: Kröger Nils , Gentzel Marc
Published: October 2023

The biological formation of inorganic structures (biominerals) is a very widespread biological phenomenon. The silica-based cell walls of diatoms are among the most fascinating biominerals displaying complex architectures with intricate nano- and micropatterns. Here, we summarize recent discoveries on the cellular machinery for silica biogenesis in diatoms, highlighting the structures and functions of the remarkable proteins that carry out this process.
Perceived Parenting Style and Adolescent Self-Compassion: A Longitudinal, Within-Person Approach
Authors: Kaufmann Sorcha , Ciarrochi Joseph , Yap Keong , Fraser Madeleine I.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Caregiver responses are important in shaping how children, and later adolescents, engage in their own self-compassionate responding and uncompassionate self-responding. However, longitudinal research exploring the relationship between parenting style and adolescent self-compassion is limited. We examined the degree to which psychologically controlling and supportive parenting styles were linked to changes in compassionate self-responding (CSR) and uncompassionate self-responding (USR), both contemporaneously and longitudinally. We further explored the extent that any effects were heterogeneous: Does parenting influence self-compassion for some adolescents but not others?

Method

We measured CSR, USR, parental support, and parental psychological control in a group of 2596 adolescents annually over 4 years (Grades 9 to 12 inclusive, Mages = 14.65 (T1) to 17.73 (T4) years).

Results

The multi-level modelling analysis of individual relationships between parenting and self-compassion revealed relatively independent effects of perceived parenting on CSR and USR respectively. Individual changes in supportive parenting were more strongly associated with changes in CSR than with USR, and within-person changes in psychologically controlling parenting were more strongly associated with USR than with CSR. Further, the strength of these relationships was heterogeneous, with parenting having a larger effect on some than others. Longitudinally, controlling parenting predicted the development of USR.

Conclusions

Overall, the link between parenting and adolescent self-compassion significantly varied, with some adolescents reporting a large change in self-compassion in years when parenting changed, and some reporting little to no change in self-compassion in years when parenting practices changed. The present study therefore highlights the importance of parenting in understanding self-compassion and the need for further research that seeks to identify factors that moderate the link between parenting and self-compassion.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.
Understanding the Impact of Intangible Capital on Entrepreneurship at the Regional Level
Authors: Gumbau-Albert Mercedes
Published: October 2023

This paper uses new data for the Spanish case on investment in intangible assets broken down by regions and by type of assets to calibrate the importance of intangible capital for entrepreneurship as a main concern but also to understand which region-specific factors drive entrepreneurship. These new data allow to fill a gap in the literature and contribute to the field of technological entrepreneurial intent by linking entrepreneurship to digitalization and intangible assets of the economy. To this end, the paper presents an index obtained by Principal Component Analysis to measure the regional endowment of intangible capital and analyzes whether the determinants of regional entrepreneurship are driven differently in large and small firms. Using different econometric approaches, the paper finds that for small firms, entrepreneurship is directly related to a prosperity-pull context and the expectation of economic gain. For large firms, the rate of entrepreneurship is also explained by the resources available to firms, such as endowment of intangible capital, stage of technological development, and human capital, as well as the demographic composition of each region.
The Preference Survey Module: evidence on social preferences from Tehran
Authors: Kosfeld Michael , Sharafi Zahra
Published: October 2023

We provide evidence on the extent to which survey items in the Preference Survey Module and the resulting Global Preference Survey measuring social preferences—trust, altruism, positive and negative reciprocity—predict behavior in corresponding experimental games outside the original participant sample of Falk et al. (Manag Sci, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4455). Our results, which are based on a replication study with university students in Tehran, Iran, are mixed. While quantitative items considering hypothetical versions of the experimental games correlate significantly and economically meaningfully with individual behavior, none of the qualitative items show significant correlations. The only exception is altruism where results correspond more closely to the original findings.
Medienbezogene Praktiken von Lehramtsstudierenden. Erkenntnisse aus Sicht von Studierenden
Authors: Schiefner-Rohs Mandy , Krein Ulrike
Published: October 2023

Die Lehrer*innenbildung ist im Zuge aktueller gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen damit konfrontiert, Digitalisierung angemessen im Lehramtsstudium zu adressieren, um Schüler*innen auf ein Leben in einer von Digitalität geprägten Gesellschaft vorzubereiten. Hieran schließt die Notwendigkeit der medienpädagogischen Professionalisierung (angehender) Lehrpersonen an. Diese nimmt der vorliegende Artikel in den Blick, indem er ausgehend von Ergebnissen eines Forschungsprojekts Lehramtsstudierende und deren Handlungspraktiken sowie Nutzungsmotive und Gründe für die (Nicht‑)Nutzung digitaler Medien im Studium fokussiert. Die Ergebnisse qualitativer Analysen von studentischen Gruppendiskussionen deuten darauf hin, dass Lehramtsstudierende digitale Medien nur selten als Inhalte im Lehramtstudium wahrnehmen, sondern diese hauptsächlich in Verbindung mit (1) Praktiken der Organisation des (Studien‑)Alltags, (2) Praktiken des (kollaborativen) Arbeitens sowie (3) didaktisch induzierten Praktiken für Studierende als relevant adressieren. Als Gründe einer Nicht-Nutzung digitaler Medien werden Ablenkungspotenziale, Herausforderungen digitaler Kommunikation sowie infrastrukturelle Aspekte benannt. Ausgehend von diesen Erkenntnissen werden Implikationen für die Vorbereitung zukünftiger Lehrpersonen auf medienpädagogische Perspektiven in der ersten Phase der Lehrer*innenbildung erarbeitet und diskutiert.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of grapevine virus E, F and I populations in Greek vineyards
Authors: Panailidou Polina , Lotos Leonidas , Orfanidou Chrysoula G. , Sassalou Chrysoula-Lito , Avgelis Apostolos D. , Katis Nikolaos I. , Maliogka Varvara I.
Published: October 2023

In this study, RT-PCR assays were developed and applied to investigate the prevalence of grapevine virus E (GVE), grapevine virus F (GVF) and grapevine virus I (GVI) in Greek vineyards. Grapevine samples from different viticultural areas of Greece were tested and the presence of all three vitiviruses was revealed. These viruses were mainly detected in grafted indigenous grapevine cultivars, with GVF being the most prevalent (24.7%, 200/809) in contrast to GVI (2.2%, 12/554) and GVE (1.6%, 12/752). To further study their intraspecies genetic variability and the phylogenetic relationships of their populations, sequence similarity analyses of the replicase and the coat protein gene segments of each virus, as well as from a fragment of the movement protein gene of GVI, were performed. Results revealed genetic variability in all three virus populations and high molecular diversity between Greek isolates of GVE and GVF, in contrast to Greek GVI isolates, which showed high homogeneity. Overall, our study advanced the current knowledge on grapevine-infecting vitiviruses and highlighted that special attention should be given to the widely spread GVF and its impact on grapevine should be further investigated.
Using the Gini coefficient for assessing heterogeneity within classes and schools
Authors: Petersson Jöran
Published: October 2023

This study demonstrates that the Gini coefficient works as a dispersion measure for gauging educational heterogeneity in and between classrooms and schools. The method for this is to compare Gini coefficients for empirical data from various areas such as gender proportions in upper secondary school programmes and dispersion in achievement within classroom and between schools. The main results are that the Gini coefficient works for gauging heterogeneity on different statistical measurement scales and different sample sizes. An example of small sample is the nominal categories of upper secondary school study programmes, for which the Gini coefficient gauges differences in gender proportions while this sample size should be too small for several other measures of inequality and dispersion. An example of large sample of quotient scale data is two neighbour schools that mainly enrol different achievement strata from the same student cohort. Here the Gini coefficient displays the two schools’ student heterogeneity to be different. An example of moderate size sample is to explore how the teaching group heterogeneity, gauged as Gini coefficient on achievements, re-distributes from within to between classes as the same students proceed from cohesive compulsory school to the students’ individual choice of upper secondary school programmes. Since the Gini coefficient can gauge heterogeneity on small samples, a suggestion for further research is to use it for exploring the relation between strategies for classroom orchestration and levels of classroom heterogeneity, for example between teaching groups at different achievement strata.
Exploration of urban sustainability in India through the lens of sustainable development goals
Authors: Roy Ajishnu , Garai Nandini , Biswas Jayanta Kumar
Published: October 2023

The United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are a recognised metric for measuring environmental, economic, and societal progress. However, national or multinational-level analyses are more prevalent than sub-national types. The performance of 14 SDGs for 56 Indian cities (grouped into 6 regions) with the available 77 indicators (2020–2021) have been analysed. Pearson’s correlation, hierarchical clustering, data envelopment analysis, Theil index, etc. were used to infer existing status, interactions, inequality, efficiency, and interrelationships. Finally, policy suggestions have been offered coupled with limitations to mitigate the drawbacks of the Indian city SDG framework. The findings reveal the asynchronous nature of the SDGs. 18% of Indian cities register a poor track record of converting environmental performance into socioeconomic prosperity, while 55% of cities are lagging in performance compared to their respective states. Significant inequality exists among cities in various regions towards achieving the SDGs. The environment is adversely affected in a race to be economically powerful. So, mainstreaming the environment into development planning is urgently warranted.
Modular design of solar-powered photocathodic metal protection device
Authors: Xie Hui , Amirav Lilac , Xing Zheng
Published: October 2023

Metal corrosion leads to severe economic losses and safety hazards to human society. As an energy-efficient and sustainable anticorrosion technique, photocathodic protection (PCP) systems have received growing attention in the past two decades. However, the existing PCP devices barely meet the requirements of adequate metal protection in real-world scenarios. This perspective aims to provide some constructive insights into the rational design of PCP devices and propose “functional module integration” as a new concept for future PCP systems. Similarly to multi-layered solar cells, PCP systems may incorporate multiple modules based on the corresponding functions. These include photoabsorber module (PAM), electron transfer module (ETM), hole transfer module (HTM), hole consumption module (HCM), and electron storage module (ESM). With such a modular design, improved capture of sunlight and fast charge separation, directional transportation, and effective utilization of the photogenerated carriers might be attained. Consequently, the solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency and operation consistency of PCP devices can be significantly boosted, paving the way for practical application of solar-powered metal protection technology.

Graphical Abstract
A new paradigm for comprehensive design strategy for university campus renewal
Authors: Dong Danshen , Wang Jing , Mu Te , Lu Wenkai
Published: October 2023

As a place of knowledge inheritance and a symbol of human social civilization progress, university campuses play an essential role in human civilization's development and urban society's spread. The continuous expansion of universities brings a rapid urban space transformation, social phenomenon changes, and economical promotion to society. Modern campus construction and updating should strive to build an integrated system between schools & cities and explore new models for their joint growth. At the same time, researchers should adopt multi-disciplinary cross-research methods, disrupt narrow disciplinary boundaries, and draw on theories and research references from various related disciplines comprehensively.