bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the influence of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and hybrid buckypaper on the mechanical behavior of PAEK/carbon fiber composites
Authors: Feres Gabriel Damasceno , Ribeiro Bruno , Costa Michelle Leali , de Paula Santos Luis Felipe , Botelho Edson Cocchieri
Published: January 2025

Carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites are widely used in the aeronautical industry due to their high mechanical properties and low specific weight. Within the select group of thermoplastic matrices, poly (aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) stands out as a semicrystalline material with high glass transition and melting temperatures. This work aims to evaluate how buckypaper (BP) influences the mechanical properties of the composite PAEK/CF. For this, three types of BPs were made using vacuum filtration. The first one is with carbon nanotubes (CNT), the second is with graphene (GR), and the third is a mix of CNT and GR. The influence of BPs in mechanical behavior was performed by an interlaminar short beam test (ILSS), a compression shear test (CST), and an impulse excitation of vibration. Finally, the presence of BP reduced the mechanical properties of the material due to the low adhesion between matrix and BP. In the ILSS test, it was noted a reduction in interlaminar shear of 16% for CNT BP, 20% for GR BP and 28% for hybrid BP. In the CST, a reduction of 32% for CNT BP, 39% for GR BP and 13% for hybrid BP was observed. On the other hand, the composite with hybrid BP presents a greater increase in Young's Modulus, representing a gain of 13%.

Highlights

The vacuum filtration process used to produce BPs was determined.

Morphology evaluation of BPs through scanning electron microscopy.

Influence of BPs on the mechanical properties of composites.

Effect of nanoparticles on the adhesion between matrix and BPs.
Correlating autonomic physiology with symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia after spinal cord injury
Authors: Dens Higano Jennifer , Burns Kathryn , Smith Geoffrey , Solinsky Ryan
Published: January 2025

Background

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly have autonomic dysreflexia (AD) with increased sympathetic activity. After SCI, individuals have decreased baroreflex sensitivity and increased vascular responsiveness.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between baroreflex and blood vessel sensitivity with AD symptoms.

Design

Case control.

Setting

Tertiary academic center.

Patients

14 individuals with SCI, 17 matched uninjured controls.

Interventions

All participants quantified AD symptoms using the Autonomic Dysfunction Following SCI (ADFSCI)‐AD survey. Participants received three intravenous phenylephrine boluses, reproducibly increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) 15–40 mmHg. Continuous heart rate (R‐R interval, ECG), beat‐to‐beat blood pressures (Finapres), and popliteal artery flow velocity were recorded. Vascular responsiveness (α1 adrenoreceptor sensitivity) and heart rate responsiveness to increased SBP (baroreflex sensitivity) were calculated.

Main Outcome Measures

Baroreflex sensitivity after increased SBP; Vascular responsiveness through quantified mean arterial pressure (MAP) 2‐minute area under the curve and change in vascular resistance.

Results

SCI and control cohorts were well matched with mean age 31.9 and 29.6 years (p = .41); 21.4% and 17.6% female, respectively. Baseline MAP (p = .83) and R‐R interval (p = .39) were similar. ADFSCI‐AD scores were higher following SCI (27.9 ± 22.9 vs. 4.2 ± 2.9 in controls, p = .002). To quantify SBP response, MAP area under the curve was normalized to dose/body weight. Individuals with SCI had significantly larger responses (0.26 ± 0.19 mmHg*s/kg*μg) than controls (0.06 ± 0.06 mmHg*s/kg*μg, p = .002). Similarly, leg vascular resistance increased after SCI (24% vs. 6% to a normalized dose, p = .007). Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly lower after SCI (15.0 ± 8.3 vs. 23.7 ± 9.3 ms/mmHg, p = .01). ADFSCI‐AD subscore had no meaningful correlation with vascular responsiveness (R2 = 0.008) or baroreflex sensitivity (R2 = 0.092) after SCI.

Conclusions

Although this confirms smaller previous studies suggesting increased α1 adrenoreceptor sensitivity and lower baroreflex sensitivity in individuals with SCI, contrary to our hypothesis these differences lacked correlation to increased symptoms of AD. Further research into physiologic mechanisms is needed to explain why some individuals with SCI develop symptoms.
Beryllium and Cerium Powders as Potential Activators of Aluminum in TBX Compositions
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Cudziło Stanisław , Trzciński Waldemar A. , Paszula Józef
Published: January 2025

The possibility of using beryllium or cerium powders as activators of aluminum in the initial stages of a thermobaric explosion was examined both experimentally and theoretically. The compositions, which were compared, comprised 60% RDX, 20% ammonium perchlorate (AP), and 20% metallic additive. The metallic additive used was either Al powder or its mixtures with Be or Ce in a mass ratio of 4:1. For each explosive composition, calorimetric measurements of the heat of detonation were performed under identical conditions. Pressed charges of these explosives with a mass of 500 g were detonated in a bunker of 40 m3 volume. The detonation velocity was measured, and the overpressure waveforms in these experiments were recorded within 40 ms of detonation. The measured quasi‐static overpressure in the chamber for compositions containing 4% of Be or Ce was approximately 10% higher than that for the reference explosive. The TNT equivalents due to QSP values for these explosives were 1.56 and 1.54, respectively. The TNT equivalents calculated using specific impulses of the blast waves at 2.5 m from the charges with 4% Be or Ce were 1.59 and 1.56, respectively. The values for these charges exceeded the value for charges containing exclusively Al as the metallic fuel by 11%–14%. The significant increases in the values of the parameters mentioned above confirm that beryllium and cerium effectively activate aluminum in the chemical reactions that proceed in both the anaerobic and aerobic stages of the explosion.
The cross‐resistance to etofenprox in Nilaparvata lugens with a high adaptability to resistant rice variety IR56
Authors: Yuan Xiaowei , He Tianshun , Zou Jianzheng , Zhang Huihui , Liu Zewen
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The application of resistant rice varieties and insecticides represents two crucial strategies for managing the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Insects often employ similar detoxification mechanisms to metabolize plant secondary metabolites and insecticides, which poses a potential risk that BPH population adapted to resistant rice may also obtain resistance to some insecticides.

RESULTS

Here in a BPH population (R‐IR56) that has adapted to the resistant rice variety IR56 through continuous selection, the moderate resistance to etofenprox was observed. Insect P450s often contribute to insecticide resistance in insects. Through transcriptome sequencing of R‐IR56 and control populations, it was found that two P450 genes, CYP439A1 and CYP439A2, were over‐expressed in R‐IR56. RNA interference confirmed the importance of two P450s in etofenprox resistance in vivo. The metabolite identification and catalytic activity of recombinant P450 proteins revealed the metabolism of etofenprox by both CYP439A1 and CYP439A2 in vitro, which catalyzed an O‐de‐ethylation on etofenprox. However, the up‐regulation of two P450 genes did not contribute to the adaptation of BPH to IR56 variety.

CONCLUSION

The study reveals that BPH adapted to resistant rice variety IR56 exhibits a moderate level of resistance to etofenprox, but the cross‐resistance to etofenprox in BPH is unidirectional. The findings here provide theoretical guidance for the integrated pest management strategy, especially focusing on the interplay between applications of resistant variety and insecticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Target Localization and Pursuit With Networked Robotic Vehicles: Theory, Simulation, and Experiments
Authors: Hung Nguyen , Cunha Eduardo , Branco Francisco , Pascoal Antonio
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the problem of range‐based simultaneous localization and pursuit (SLAP) with networked robotic vehicles from a theoretical and practical standpoint. The work presented builds upon and extends previous theoretical research by Hung, Rego, and Pascoal on the subject of range‐based SLAP using multiple trackers and a cooperative distributed estimation and control (DEC) strategy. The key novel contributions of the paper are twofold:

Event‐triggered communication (ETC) mechanisms for the DEC strategy are proposed, with formal guarantees of stability of the multiple vehicle ensemble. In this approach, each tracking vehicle only communicates with its neighbors—both for target estimation and cooperative control purposes when deemed necessary—thus reducing the cost of communications.

The paper presents experimental results from multiple field trials conducted with three autonomous marine vehicles. These trials assess the effectiveness of the proposed DEC/ETC strategy in a real‐world environment.

Simulation results are also included and analyzed. For the sake of completeness, source codes and links to auxiliary materials are provided, enabling the readers to run simulations and even implement the DEC/ETC strategy using both Matlab and ROS/Gazebo platforms.

Matlab codes: https://github.com/hungrepo/slap-etc.

ROS packages: http://github.com/dsor-isr/slap.

Aerial view of field trials: http://youtu.be/4LR4WSJHyz8.
Green Synthesis of MoNi@TiO2 Nanocatalyst for Efficient Methanol Oxidation: Structural, Morphological, and Electrochemical Insights
Authors: Mert Mehmet Erman , Mert Başak Doğru , Elattar Khaled M.
Published: January 2025

This study presents a novel, green approach for synthesizing MoNi@TiO2 core‐shell nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The use of Curcuma longa extract as a bioreduction and stabilizer agent for the synthesis of the nanocatalyst offers an eco‐friendly alternative to traditional synthetic methods. Characterization confirms the successful formation of well‐defined core‐shell structures with a narrow size distribution and minimal organic residue. Remarkably, the presence of specific Mo/Ni oxide phases alongside anatase and rutile TiO2 in the shell verified unique catalytic properties. The developed Ni/MoNi@TiO2 electrocatalyst demonstrates promising electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation, comparable to or even surpassing established transition metal catalysts such as Pt‐based catalysts, offering a promising alternative for DMFC applications. The concentration‐dependent peak current density further highlights its potential for efficient DMFC operation. This work demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of using bio‐inspired synthesis for developing sustainable and high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.
A Computational Study of New Glitazones‐Sulphonylureas Hybrids as Potential Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Mokgopa Kabelo P. , Adeyinka Adedapo S. , Mnyakeni‐Moleele Simon S. , Tshiluka Ndivhuwo R.
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with global cases expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Existing treatments include sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which target insulin secretion and sensitivity. Hence, in this study, we have virtually designed a new hybrid of 2,4‐thiazolidinedione‐sulphonylureas 6a‐r by utilizing molecular hybridization of sulphonylurea and TZD moieties to enhance and improve their antidiabetic efficacy and bioavailability while eliminating their side effects. Furthermore, we have used computational techniques to evaluate the antidiabetic and pharmacokinetic properties of hybrids 6a‐r. The docking study of hybrids 6a‐r was assessed against five key proteins: α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, PPAR‐γ, DPPIV, and SGLT2. The SwissADME and PkCSM results revealed the favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and acceptable toxicity. Amongst the 2,4‐thiazolidinedione‐sulphonylurea hybrids 6a‐r investigated, glitazone 6c and rhodanine 6k emerged as the best inhibitors of DPPIV and SGLT2 with binding free energies of −38.76 kcal/mol and −36.45 kcal/mol respectively, as well as corresponding docking scores of −8.78 and −6.28 kcal/mol. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these binding to the enzymes' active sites. These findings suggest that glitazone and rhodanine hybrids can act as DPPIV and SGLT2 inhibitors, thus assisting in the drug discovery of new potential antidiabetic agents.
Solvent Mediated Interfacial Microenvironment Design for High‐Performance Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Sun Jiping , Wu Bichao , Wang Zhixing , Guo Huajun , Yan Guochun , Duan Hui , Li Guangchao , Wang Jiexi
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) represents a viable strategy for converting CO2 into value‐added multi‐carbon (C2+) compounds. Therefore, the microstructure of the catalyst layer (CL) affects local gas transport, charge conduction, and proton supply at three‐phase interfaces, which is significantly determined by the solvent environment. However, the microenvironment of the CLs and the mechanism of the solvent effect on C2+ selectivity remains elusive. Herein, a tailored interfacial structure is designed by introducing a solvent‐mediated catalyst‐ionomer‐solvent microenvironment. The acetone surface promotion strategy is beneficial for the unfolded ionomers to uniformly coat the catalysts, which contributes to enhancing interfacial hydrophobicity and inhibiting hydrogen evolution. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and in situ ATR‐SEIRAS are employed to elucidate the appropriate interfacial network with a balanced distribution of CO2 and H2O. The uniform and continuous network in acetone is advantageous for CO2‐to‐C2+. The optimized structure favors the production of C2+ products in Cu‐based MEA, exhibiting a high C2+ faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80.27% at 400 mA cm−2.
Achieving Biofunctional Micropatterns via Protein‐Based Aqueous Photoresists with Tailored Functionalities
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Li Zishun , Wang Min , Shang Hongpeng , Ding Jie , Zheng Xiaorui , Guo Chengchen
Published: January 2025

Photolithography is the most widely used micropatterning technique at the micro‐ and nanoscale in device fabrication. However, traditional photoresists used in photolithography are typically nonaqueous‐based toxic substances that require harsh conditions for processing, limiting the development of biofunctional and biocompatible micropatterns. In this study, a protein‐based aqueous photoresist derived from chemically modified silk fibroin named SAMA, capable of achieving high‐resolution micropatterning (<1.2 µm) while retaining good biocompatibility, is presented. The entire fabrication process, including spin‐coating, development, and lift‐off, employs solely SAMA and water, eliminating the need for toxic reagents and elevated temperature. Notably, the SAMA photoresist allows covalent conjugation of biofunctional molecules, such as enzymes and nucleic acids, while preserving their bioactivity during micropatterning. This innovative approach enables the high‐throughput generation of bioactive micropatterns for various applications such as biosynthesis, diagnostics, and biosensors.
Digital Watermarking Using Artificial Intelligence: Concept, Techniques, and Future Trends
Authors: Dandooh Azza , El‐Fishawy Adel S. , Hemdan Ezz El‐Din
Published: January 2025

One of the most widely used tools for information security is digital watermarking. Multimedia content, including text, audio, video, and images, frequently uses it. Utilizing watermarking requires different goals. These goals encompass copyright authentication as well as protection. It might be necessary for the watermark to be strong or fragile. Applications requiring copyright authentication must include a fragile watermark. However, copyright protection necessitates a strong watermark. For resolving a variety of intelligence‐related issues, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are solid options. Although it works well for watermarking, it is less effective at more common tasks like regression, classification, and prediction. A thorough analysis of watermarking with popular technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), DL, and ML is presented in this article. A summary of watermarking, background information, and the most interesting applications are also covered.
Developing, implementing, and evaluating the first national Memory and Cognition Clinic Guidelines in Australia
Authors: Mehrani Inga , Paradise Matthew , Low Lee‐Fay , Kurrle Sue , Arsenova Valerie , Jahn Gemma , Fyfe Katrina , Michaelian Johannes C. , Salmon Katharine , Alty Jane , Naismith Sharon L. , Sachdev Perminder S.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

A lack of national consensus on the roles and responsibilities of Australian memory and cognition clinics contributes to the large variability seen across services. The introduction of guidelines and a quality assessment framework could facilitate greater harmonization and quality improvements.

METHODS

We used a modified Delphi process to develop the guidelines. Pilot clinics completed a self‐assessment, case‐note audit, and review meeting to evaluate their service against the guidelines.

RESULTS

The final guidelines included 160 standards on 14 different topics. Standards around maximum waiting times for an assessment and minimum post‐diagnostic care responsibilities were particularly controversial. Seven clinics participated in the pilot. On average, clinics achieved 56% of standards (range of 18% to 87%).

DISCUSSION

The Memory and Cognition Clinic Guidelines form the first step toward greater harmonization and quality improvements. Key learnings from the clinics’ feedback included reducing the number of secondary standards and streamlining data collection with the national dementia clinical quality registry.

Highlights

We developed and implemented the first national consensus‐based best‐practice guidelines for memory and cognition clinics in Australia.

The guidelines are based on consultation with 125 Australian health professionals and 89 Australians living with dementia and care partners.

First‐time national agreement on standards around maximum waiting times for an assessment and minimum post‐diagnostic care requirements is presented in the guidelines.

The guidelines were implemented in seven memory and cognition clinics from five different states.

Clinicians' feedback included: reducing the number of secondary standards to increase conciseness and practicability should be considered for future iterations.
Statin use and dementia risk: A systematic review and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Westphal Filho Fernando Luiz , Moss Lopes Paulo Roberto , Menegaz de Almeida Artur , Sano Vitor Kendi Tsuchiya , Tamashiro Fernanda Moraes , Gonçalves Ocílio Ribeiro , de Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino , Kreuz Michele , Kelly Francinny Alves , Silveira Feitoza Pablo Vinícius
Published: January 2025

Dementia affects 55 million people globally, with the number projected to triple by 2050. Statins, widely prescribed for cardiovascular benefits, may also have neuroprotective effects, although studies on their impact on dementia risk have shown contradictory results. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We assessed the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD), with subgroup analyses by gender, statin type, and diabetes status. Fifty‐five observational studies including over 7 million patients were analyzed. Statin use significantly reduced the risk of dementia compared to nonusers (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82 to 0.91; p < 0.001). It was also associated with reduced risks of AD (HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.90; p < 0.001) and VaD (HR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.02; p = 0.093). Subgroup analyses revealed significant dementia risk reductions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (HR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.89; p < 0.001), those with exposure to statins for more than 3 years (HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.46; p < 0.001), and populations from Asia, where the greatest protective effect was observed (HR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.88). Additionally, rosuvastatin demonstrated the most pronounced protective effect for all‐cause dementia among specific statins (HR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.88). Our findings underscore the neuroprotective potential of statins in dementia prevention. Despite the inherent limitations of observational studies, the large dataset and detailed subgroup analyses enhance the reliability of our results. Future randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings and enlighten clinical guidelines.

Highlights

Largest meta‐analysis to date on statins and dementia risk, including 55 studies and more than 7 million patients.

Statin use linked to lower risks of all‐dementia, AD, and VaD.

Numerous significant subgroup results highlight statins' diverse neuroprotective effects.

Findings support statins as a public health tool, especially in low‐income countries.

Future research should explore the impact of statins across diverse patient populations.
Stenosis of the ileocolic junction in a cat associated with colonic agenesis
Authors: Azoulay Florian , Couturier Laurent , Rault Delphine , Carlus Marine , Dor Cécile
Published: January 2025

This case report presents a diagnostic approach to a lesion of the ileocolic junction associated with colonic agenesis in a 5‐year‐old cat. The presence of colonic agenesis, which was initially unknown, significantly influenced the diagnostic process. The imaging features of a stenotic lesion at the ileocolic junction can be misleading, as highlighted in this report. Positive colonography proved to be the most informative examination for diagnosing colonic agenesis, while abdominal ultrasound effectively characterised the mural thickening at the ileocolic junction. Due to the stenosis causing chronic small intestinal obstruction, surgery was performed. Histology revealed ulcerative neutrophilic enteritis with small vegetal fragments embedded in the wall. The clinical signs progressively resolved following surgery and subsequent medical management.
Analysis of radiation oncology integration within general practitioners’ daily patient care: a cross-sectional survey in Germany
Authors: Leiss Sophia M. , Hou Helen X. , Pigorsch Steffi , Borm Kai , Peeken Jan , Schneider Antonius , Combs Stephanie , Dinkel Andreas , Bernhardt Denise
Published: January 2025

Purpose

General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in providing interdisciplinary care for radiation oncology patients. This study aims to understand the specific needs and challenges faced by general practitioners in Germany when treating oncology patients.

Methods

A comprehensive web-based questionnaire with 24 items was disseminated to GPs in Germany via email using survio.com. The survey collected data on demographics, qualifications, clinical experiences, decision-making involvement, and symptom recognition. It specifically examined post-radiotherapy care and the use of specialized palliative homecare networks (SAPV). Statistical analyses were descriptive. The survey was open from July 4 to August 9, 2023.

Results

A notable majority of general practitioners displayed confidence in their understanding of cancer-related symptoms, with over half (54.6%) rating their knowledge with 4 out of 5. This level of self-assessed expertise extended to their capacity to address the needs of cancer patients (53.8%), although 67% express a need for further education in specifically radiotherapeutic side effects. Satisfaction with SAPV networks was high, and 72.3% of respondents were actively involved in palliative care, compared to only 45.6% in managing radiation therapy. Notable challenges included inadequate communication with specialists, insufficient staffing, and under-recognition of GPs’ roles in oncology care.

Conclusion

The study highlights a paradox where GPs show high engagement in palliative care but limited involvement in radiation therapy management due to communication gaps and professional development needs. Addressing these disparities through targeted initiatives and fostering a collaborative care model is essential to amplify the important role of GPs, ensuring more integrated and effective patient care.
Endovascular management of haemorrhage and vascular lesions in patients with multiple and/or severe injuries: a systematic review and clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Wagner Hans-Joachim , Goossen Käthe , Hilbert-Carius Peter , Braunschweig Rainer , Kildal Daniela , Hinck Daniel , Albrecht Thomas , Könsgen Nadja
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Our aim was to update evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the inhospital endovascular management of haemorrhage and vascular lesions in patients with multiple and/or severe injuries based on current evidence. This guideline topic is part of the 2022 update of the German Guideline on the Treatment of Patients with Multiple and/or Severe Injuries.

Methods

MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to June 2021. Further literature reports were obtained from clinical experts. Randomised controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and comparative registry studies were included if they compared endovascular interventions for bleeding control such as embolisation, stent or stent-graft placement, or balloon occlusion against control interventions in patients with polytrauma and/or severe injuries in the hospital setting. The diagnosis of pelvic haemorrhage was added post-hoc as an additional clinical question. We considered patient-relevant clinical outcomes such as mortality, bleeding control, haemodynamic stability, transfusion requirements, complications, and diagnostic test accuracy. Risk of bias was assessed using NICE 2012 checklists. The evidence was synthesised narratively, and expert consensus was used to develop recommendations and determine their strength.

Results

Forty-three new studies were identified. Interventions covered were resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) (n = 20), thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) (n = 9 studies), pelvic trauma (n = 6), endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic injuries (n = 3), maxillofacial and carotid artery injuries (n = 2), embolisation for abdominal organ injuries (n = 2), and diagnosis of pelvic haemorrhage (n = 1). Five recommendations were modified, and one additional recommendation was developed. All achieved strong consensus.

Conclusion

The following key recommendations are made. Whole-body contrast-enhanced computed tomography should be used to detect bleeding and vascular injuries. Blunt thoracic and abdominal aortic injuries should be managed using TEVAR/EVAR. If possible, endovascular treatment should be delayed beyond 24 h after injury. Bleeding from parenchymatous abdominal organs should be controlled using transarterial catheter embolisation. Splenic injuries that require no immediate intervention can be managed with observation.
Wirkmechanismen antidepressiver Pharmakotherapie: Gehirn und Psyche – Körper und Umwelt
Authors: Spangemacher Moritz , Reinwald Jonathan , Adolphi Hana , Kärtner Laura , Mertens Lea J. , Schmitz Christian N. , Gründer Gerhard
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Neue antidepressive Substanzen stellen die Erklärungsansätze zu Wirkmechanismen der traditionellen Psychopharmakologie vor Herausforderungen.

Fragestellung

Was könnten gemeinsame Effekte der verschiedenen Antidepressiva sein und welche Rolle spielen dabei jeweils extrapharmakologische Faktoren wie Körper und Umwelt?

Material und Methode

Die verfügbare Literatur über klinische und präklinische Daten zu vermuteten gemeinsamen Wirkfaktoren von serotonergen Psychedelika, (Es‑)Ketamin, monoaminergen Antidepressiva und Zuranolon wird dargestellt und der Einfluss von Kontextfaktoren auf die jeweiligen Wirkmechanismen diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Es deutet vieles darauf hin, dass klassischere und neuere pharmakologische Ansätze der Depressionsbehandlung ähnliche Wirkmechanismen teilen könnten. Diese Mechanismen begünstigen langfristige Neuroplastizität, die nachgeschaltete molekulare Kaskaden auslösen können und vice versa. Darüber hinaus wurde für die meisten antidepressiven Substanzen auch eine Verbesserung der negativen Verzerrung in der emotionalen Verarbeitung nachgewiesen. Der Einfluss extrapharmakologischer Faktoren scheint notwendig zu sein, damit die biopsychologischen Veränderungen antidepressiv wirksam sein können.

Schlussfolgerungen

Anstatt Faktoren wie Umwelt, Körper und soziale Interaktionen zu den Placeboeffekten zu zählen, sollten sie als essenzieller Baustein der antidepressiven Wirkung geprüft und in der klinischen Versorgung mitbedacht werden.
Comparison of complications in isolated aesthetic liposuction procedures across different techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Badie , Shraim Bara A. , Al-Matwi Mohammed Ahmad , Jarrar Salma , Al-Mohannadi Fatima Saoud , Mesk Rami A. , Elzawawi Khaled E. , Asnaf Ayman A. H. , Elnefaily Sherouk Essam , Shraim Muath A. , Abbas Gaffar , Alsherawi Abeer
Published: January 2025

Background

Liposuction has emerged as one of the most common cosmetic procedures globally, increasing by more than two-fold since 1997. While different liposuction techniques exist, each with distinct advantages and potential sequelae, a comprehensive comparative analysis of complication rates across various techniques in purely aesthetic cases remains unexplored. We aimed to (1) systematically review the literature on complications of distinctliposuction techniques, and (2) compare complication rates between different techniques.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies reporting on complications of isolated cosmetic liposuction techniques in specific anatomical regions. Complication rates were pooled, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index and Doi plot.

Results

Twenty-three studies were included. Laser-assisted liposuction (LAL) demonstrated the lowest overall complication rates for hemorrhage, infection, seroma formation, thermal injury, and cutaneous necrosis (all 0.13%). Power-assisted liposuction (PAL) exhibited the highest rates for hemorrhage (0.72%), infection (1.34%), and cutaneous necrosis (0.72%). Radiofrequency-assisted liposuction (RFAL) showed the highest rates for seroma formation (3.93%) and thermal injuries/blistering (1.64%). Suction-assisted liposuction (SAL) presented the highest rate of cutaneous irregularities (3.36%). Heterogeneity varied widely across complication types and techniques, with I² values ranging from 0 to 91.4%.

Conclusions

This study provides the first comprehensive comparison of complication rates across different liposuction techniques in aesthetic cases. LAL demonstrated superior safety profiles, while PAL and RAL showed higher rates for specific complications. These findings can inform surgical decision-making and patient counseling.

Level of Evidence

Not gradable.
Paravertebral crystal deposition disease: a retrospective study of clinical presentation, prevalence, and CT imaging findings
Authors: Takeda Taro , Takasugi Mieko , Yoshida Kotaro
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Paravertebral crystal deposition disease, characterized by the deposition of crystals around the vertebral bodies leading to acute inflammation and pain, is a condition that remains largely unrecognized. This study aims to elucidate the prevalence, clinical features, and CT findings associated with this disease.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 14,839 consecutive patients who underwent chest and/or abdominal CT (September 2017 to September 2024) owing to chest, abdominal, or back pain. Cases demonstrating paravertebral calcification with a surrounding soft tissue density of ≥ 5 mm were identified and further evaluated.

Results

Twenty-four cases of paravertebral crystal deposition disease were identified, with a prevalence of 0.16% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.24). The mean age was 46.2 years, with a female predominance (n = 15, 63%). Back pain was the most common presenting symptom (n = 15, 63%). Calcifications were primarily located at the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine (Th6/7-L1/2) in 18 cases (75%) and in the anterior median to anterior right region of the vertebral body in 21 cases (86%). Mean of maximum CT values of the crystal deposition was approximately 800 HU; in follow-up cases, the depositions either resolved or exhibited morphological changes.

Conclusions

This study adds to the current knowledge base by identifying a 0.16% prevalence of paravertebral crystal deposition disease in patients with torso pain—often overlooked in clinical practice, primarily affecting middle-aged women. CT imaging shows calcifications mainly in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine. Considering this self-limiting disease in differential diagnoses can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
Evaluation of the effect of different irrigation solutions used in regenerative endodontic treatment of necrotic molar teeth with open apex on postoperative pain- randomized clinical trial
Authors: Akyüz İpek Eraslan , Eminsoy Avcı Ayşe Tuğba , Üstün Yakup , Kolçakoğlu Kevser Solak , Kızılcı Esra
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study evaluates the effect of different irrigation solutions for postoperative pain in the regenerative endodontic treatments (RET) of necrotic teeth with open apex.

Materials and methods

This study included necrotic, deeply carious lower molars of 42 patients. Access cavities of the teeth were opened and working lengths were measured at the first visit. In Group 1, the root canals were irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (EDTA), in Group 2, with 1.5% NaOCl and 10% citric acid, and in the Group 3, with 1.5% NaOCl and 9% Etidronic acid (HEDP) mixture solution. Final irrigation was performed with distilled water. The canals were dried, filled with calcium hydroxide paste, and sealed with Cavit. Postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale, and Paracetamol was prescribed. At the second visit, calcium hydroxide was removed with 1.5% NaOCl, irrigated with chelators, and sealed with Sure-Seal PT 3 mm below the cementoenamel junction before composite resin filling.

Results

Postoperative pain was higher in Group 3 (p < 0.05), but analgesic consumption did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

HEDP caused significantly more postoperative pain than EDTA and citric acid (p < 0.05). While the study provided information regarding the effects of irrigation solutions on postoperative pain, further research is needed as it did not include detailed assessments of long-term periapical healing and apex closure.

Clinical relevance

When HEDP is used as a chelation agent in RETs, it shows a higher degree of postoperative pain than EDTA and citric acid solutions.

Clinical trial registration

The study protocol was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT 06386991).
Is the association between infant regulatory problems and trajectories of childhood co-developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms moderated by early screen media exposure?
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Sloan Seaneen , Neville Ross D.
Published: January 2025

Regulatory problems in infancy are associated with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories across childhood, however, it is unknown whether early screen media exposure exacerbates this association. We studied 10,170 individuals from the Growing Up in Ireland ’08 cohort. Parents reported on their children’s regulatory problems at 9 months, screen media exposure at 3 years, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 3, 5, 7, and 9 years. Children were categorized based on their patterns of co-developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Subsequently, multinominal logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate whether screen media exposure (> 1 h or > 2 h) moderated the association between regulatory problems in infancy and co-developing internalizing and externalizing symptom classes across childhood. There were four groups of children with distinct patterns of co-developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Presence of regulatory problems at 9 months and excessive screen media exposure at 3 years (particularly > 2 h) were independently associated with increased likelihood of all classes. Excessive screen media exposure at 3 years did not significantly moderate the association between regulatory problems at 9 months and internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories.
Propan/Isobutan-Gemische in Wärmepumpen: Sensitivität der optimalen Gemischzusammensetzung auf Prozessrandbedingungen
Authors: Höges Christoph , Vering Christian , Müller Dirk
Published: January 2025

Die Effizienz von Wärmepumpen wird maßgeblich durch das verwendete Kältemittel bestimmt. Dabei haben sich Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Propan (R290) in vielen Anwendungen etabliert. Neben Reinstoffen bieten zeotrope Gemische das Potenzial, die Effizienz zu steigern, indem aufgrund des resultierenden Temperaturgleits die Verluste während der Wärmeübertragung minimiert werden. Zeotrope Gemische reagieren allerdings sensitiver auf Änderung der äußeren Randbedingungen (Temperatur und Temperaturspreizung), wodurch das Potenzial absinken kann.

In diesem Beitrag werden sowohl das Potenzial als auch die Sensitivität hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Betriebsbedingungen untersucht und bewertet. Fokus der Untersuchung sind 21 Zusammensetzungen des Gemischpaares Propan/Isobutan im Kältemittelkreislauf mit internem Wärmeübertrager. Die Modellierung umfasst ein semi-physikalisches Verdichtermodell, welches die Berechnung betriebspunkt- und kältemittelabhängiger Wirkungsgrade ermöglicht.

Das zeotrope Gemisch Propan/Isobutan (80/20) erhöht den SCOP für eine Vorlauftemperatur von 35 °C im Vergleich zum Reinstoff Propan um bis zu 6,4 %, wobei die volumetrische Heizenergie um 14,1 % abnimmt. Die Erhöhung der Vorlauftemperatur auf 55 °C reduziert die Effizienzsteigerung auf 4 %, wobei die optimale Zusammensetzung identisch bleibt. Den größten Einfluss auf das Optimum hat die Temperaturspreizung der sekundären Fluide. Dabei führt eine Änderung der Spreizung der Wärmequelle von 5 auf 3 K zu einer Verschiebung der optimalen Zusammensetzung auf 90 mol-% Propan. Die Analyse der Auswirkungen einer Entmischung aufgrund von auftretender Leckage zeigt, dass die direkten Einflüsse auf die Effizienz mit einer Änderung von 1 % nach zehn Jahren vernachlässigbar klein sind. Insgesamt belegen die Studien das Potenzial des zeotropen Gemischs Propan/Isobutan (80/20) trotz der erhöhten Sensitivität auf äußere Einflüsse.
Error analysis for the implicit boundary integral method
Authors: Zhong Yimin , Ren Kui , Runborg Olof , Tsai Richard
Published: January 2025

The implicit boundary integral method (IBIM) provides a framework to construct quadrature rules on regular lattices for integrals over irregular domain boundaries. This work provides a systematic error analysis for IBIMs on uniform Cartesian grids for boundaries with different degrees of regularity. First, it is shown that the quadrature error gains an additional order of

$$\frac{d-1}{2}$$

d
-
1

2

from the curvature for a strongly convex smooth boundary due to the “randomness” in the signed distances. This gain is discounted for degenerated convex surfaces. Then the extension of error estimate to general boundaries under some special circumstances is considered, including how quadrature error depends on the boundary’s local geometry relative to the underlying grid. Bounds on the variance of the quadrature error under random shifts and rotations of the lattices are also derived.
Improved estimation of aquaculture associated European introgression in a captive breeding program for endangered Atlantic salmon
Authors: Holborn Melissa K. , Kess Tony , Nugent Cameron M. , Brodeur Nathalie N. , Adesola Joke , Cronmiller Evan , Hamilton Lorraine C. , Jones Ross A. , Lenentine Beth L. , MacDonnell Anna , McBride Meghan , Messmer Amber , de Mestral Louise , Moreau Darek T. R. , Wilson Tyler , Bradbury Ian R. , Wringe Brendan F.
Published: January 2025

The rapid, range-wide decline in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, populations is well documented and has led to establishment of captive rearing and breeding programs in order to preserve populations. However, recovery potential may be limited by the inclusion of non-local genotypes, which can be both difficult to detect and quantify. In the genetically unique Inner Bay of Fundy population located in Canada, three Live Gene Bank programs have been established to aid recovery of this endangered conservation unit. Evidence of aquaculture associated non-local (i.e., European) introgression had previously been detected using small panels of microsatellite markers with limited power. Here we show how advances in sequencing and machine learning technologies can support a conservation program. We used machine learning and a corresponding panel of 301 SNPs to estimate individual-level proportions of European ancestry. To assess the degree of introgression in each program and to assess changes over time, fish were randomly selected across several program generations. Estimates were validated by genotyping a subset of individuals on a 220 K SNP array and using established admixture methods. Of the 1741 fish analyzed, only 48 were found to have European ancestry greater than the detection threshold. We found the amount of European ancestry was previously overestimated, and that very few wild-collected founder individuals had large proportions of European ancestry. Moreover, because European ancestry was introduced to Bay of Fundy populations via introgression from aquaculture escapees, these values represent the minimum amount of aquaculture introgression in these captive populations.
Insecurity and Fragility: The Perpetual Duo of Precarity for ‘Convict Criminologists’ in a Risk Averse Academy
Authors: Schreeche-Powell Ed
Published: January 2025

Risk management in the criminal justice system reflects a wider societal risk consciousness. People with criminal records are seen as risks requiring governance. Despite the recent interest in embedding lived experience in academic practice, for Convict Criminologists, the collateral and informal pains of imprisonment follow them into university and underpin their precarity, leading to an ingrained ‘Status Fragility’ (Tietjen and Kavish 2021). This article adopts an auto-ethnographic approach, drawing upon two pivotal junctures in the author’s journey, from prison to university and identifying as a Convict Criminologist. It considers how risk aversion and (mis)management are operationalised in a university to extend the experience of punishment after release from prison.
Applying convolutional neural networks for mustard variety recognition
Authors: Slebioda Laura , Zawieja Bogna
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to develop and apply a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to recognize and classify white mustard (Sinapis Alba L.) varieties, addressing the complex task of discriminating among 57 varieties. Utilizing a one-dimensional CNN model, the research focused on multivariate analysis based on a set of 15 traits. The CNN architecture included convolutional layers, batch normalization, pooling, flattening, dropout, and dense layers. The model demonstrated effectiveness in classifying varieties, achieving high accuracy and providing valuable insights into potential new varieties. Subset division, a new approach, was applied. Evaluation metrics, including accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall, were calculated for eight subsets, confirming the model's robust performance. While this study uses mustard as an illustrative example, the method is not limited to this crop and can be extended to other agricultural crops, with potential modifications depending on the specific traits relevant to each crop. The approach contributes to agricultural advancements, offering a reliable tool for breeders to assess variety distinctness and streamline the testing process. The model’s ability to detect unknown varieties further enhances its utility in agricultural research covering a comprehensive and impactful advancement in variety classification.
Boron fertilization in a boreal Norway spruce forest: long-lasting effects on growth and nutrition
Authors: Vartiainen Arttu , Bhatt Vijay D. , Aphalo Pedro J. , Pukkala Timo , Räisänen Mikko , Kilpeläinen Jouni , Heräjärvi Henrik , Haapala Antti , Lehto Tarja
Published: January 2025

Background and aims

Boron (B) deficiency is widespread in boreal forests, but it can be prevented by fertilization. As B deficiency reduces root growth, it may affect the uptake of other nutrients. We assessed the persistence of the effects of a one-time B application on growth and nutrition of Norway spruce (Picea abies).

Methods

A single-tree B-fertilization experiment was established in a highly productive stand in eastern Finland in 2000 and followed until 2018. The applied B dose was 2 kg ha−1.

Results

After 19 growing seasons, height growth was higher in B-fertilized trees and the effect was not waning. Diameter growth was not affected. The mean needle-B concentration without B fertilizer was 1.7 mg kg−1 and with B-fertilizer, 4.8 mg kg−1. Boron-fertilized trees had higher foliar aluminium (Al), carbon (C), copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) concentrations, and lower soluble silicon (Si).

Conclusions

The positive B effect on growth persisted after 19 years. Boron concentrations remained higher in fertilized trees, although lower than at the early stages of the experiment. Boron fertilization maintained Cu and S levels above deficiency limits. The small but consistent change in C indicates a change in needle compounds. Increased Al may result from reduced Si accumulation, as Al co-deposition with Si alleviates Al toxicity. Further studies are required to optimize B-fertilization practices and to elucidate the mechanisms behind the effects on height growth and the levels of other elements. A combination of soluble and sparingly soluble fertilizers could further increase the duration of the effect.