bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Review of Slope Failure (Case Study of Tawangmangu-Cemorosewu Sta. 4+600 Section)
Authors: Mustakim Alik , Muslih Purwana Yusep , Setyawan Ary , Suprapto Mamok
Published: July 2016

Tawangmangu-Sarangan highway is a national strategic road connecting two districts in two provinces; Karanganyar in Central Java and Magetan in East Java. The topography of the area is relatively high due to stiff hill and valley with the problematic geologic condition of weathered rock and silt sand. During rainy season, slope failures at some sections of this road were very often. The study to understand the cause of the failures is very important. Deep boring may have the best result to obtain soil parameter and stratigraphy of soil layer. However, this method was impossible due to the safety reason. The use of geophysic instrument such as geoelectric for the investigation combined with hand boring for soil sampling was a reasonable choice. Geoelecetric was utilized to predict soil layers properties and potential failure surface of the slope. This study was focused on the investigation on a slope failure location of Tawangmangu-Cemorosewu at Sta 4+600. Finite element software was utilized to understand the cause of previous failure and to model the most critical failure surface that may occurre in the future. Based on the modeling, the safety factor of the slope was 1.18 and 0.930 before and during construction. The condition of the slope after failure is still very critical due to the very low safety factor of 1.03 causing the potential of failure. It also recommended that geometrical method such as terrasering might be one of the solutions producing the safety fractor of 1.5.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Hypersonic Fluid-Structure-Interactions on a Pitching Flat Plate Airfoil
Authors: Yamada Kenji , Jahn Ingo , Buttsworth David
Published: July 2016

Understanding the effects of unsteady flows is a critical area of hypersonic research. This paper presents a comparison of experimental results and analytical tools commonly used for the prediction of fluid structure interactions: Piston theory, Van Dyke’s theory, and Unsteady Shock Expansion theory. The investigation is carried out with a wedge-nosed flat-plate airfoil with pitching degree-of-freedom at Mach 6 flow conditions.High-speed Schlieren video is used to extract data about airfoil pitching motion and the unsteady shock structure. These data are compared to predictions from the various methods giving insight into their capability to correctly predict surface pressure and the resulting pitching motion at a reduced frequency, k=6.3×10-3. Contrary to expectations for this quasi-steady flow regime, the analysis of the shock structure shows hysteresis, indicating additional viscous interactions.
Calibration of Dissipative Particle Dynamics Method to Study Rheology of Dense Suspensions
Authors: Moshfegh Abouzar , Jabbarzadeh Ahmad
Published: July 2016

Dissipative Particle Dynamics method is employed to model the particulate suspensions. The system input parameters are calibrated to capture the experimental relative viscosity versus volume fraction in dilute (φ≤ 0.2), semidilute (0.2<φ≤ 0.3) and dense regimes 0.3<φ≤ 0.45. Statistical uncertainties and system bulk and overall temperatures are monitored to guarantee that equilibrium has been quantitatively reached. It was found that increment of solvent drag coefficient or the dissipation rate (1≤γs≤200) between like solvent particles linearly increases the solvent and suspension viscosity. Solvent number density (ρs) changing from 2 to 20 in sync with the repulsion coefficient renders a parabolic variation for suspension and solvent viscosities. Two sets of calibrated simulation settings are ultimately proposed to reasonably capture the rheological behaviour of dilute to dense suspensions according to experiment and empirical relations for relative viscosity.
Numerical Considerations for the Implementation of a Comprehensive Composite Damage Model
Authors: Chiu Louis N.S. , Falzon Brian G. , Chen Bernard , Yan Wen Yi
Published: July 2016

A comprehensive continuum damage mechanics model [1] had been developed to capture the detailed behaviour of a composite structure under a crushing load. This paper explores some of the difficulties encountered in the implementation of this model and their mitigation. The use of reduced integration element and a strain softening model both negatively affect the accuracy and stability of the simulation. Damage localisation effects demanded an accurate measure of characteristic length. A robust algorithm for determining the characteristic length was implemented. Testing showed that this algorithm produced marked improvements over the use of the default characteristic length provided by Abaqus. Zero-energy or hourglass modes, in reduced integration elements, led to reduced resistance to bending. This was compounded by the strain softening model, which led to the formation of elements with little resistance to deformation that could invert if left unchecked. It was shown, through benchmark testing, that by deleting elements with excess distortions and controlling the mesh using inbuilt distortion/hourglass controls, these issues can be alleviated. These techniques contributed significantly to the viability and usability of the damage model.
CFD Analysis of Early Diaphragm Removal in Expansion Tubes
Authors: Burgess James M. , Gildfind David E.
Published: July 2016

Impulse facilities generate transient high-velocity gas flows for ground testing in aerodynamics. The expansion tube is the facility type with the highest performance capability in terms of total flow enthalpy and total pressure, and is particularly useful for studies of atmospheric re-entry, chemical kinetics, scramjet flight and supersonic combustion. In operation, a thin film diaphragm that initially partitions two tube sections is required to rupture under the force of a shock-wave. Fragmented pieces are accelerated with the flow and can damage test models and instrumentation, and the rupture process itself affects flow properties. It has been proposed to replace the diaphragm with a fast open valve that clears the tube prior to shock arrival. This paper investigates the effect of early valve opening on the test flow.An inviscid, axisymmetric model was created using Eilmer3, a compressible CFD solver developed at the University of Queensland. Early valve opening was simulated at varying times for instantaneous diaphragm removal. The result was the formation of a secondary shock and expansion wave. The primary shockwave reaches the test section at a higher velocity due to passing through the expansion wave, creating a faster, higher-pressure test flow, but also higher temperature, leading to substantially reduced Mach number. The interactions with the secondary waves were found to cause unsteadiness in test flow properties.
Numerical Analysis of Normal Contact Stiffness of Rough Surfaces
Authors: Zhai Chong Pu , Gan Yi Xiang , Hanaor Dorian
Published: July 2016

A numerical model was proposed to investigate the contact behaviour of a solid with a rough surface squeezed against a rigid flat plane. We considered simulated hierarchical surface structures as well as scanned surface data obtained by the profilometry of isotropically roughened specimens. The simulated and treated surfaces were characterised using statistical and fractal parameters. The evolution of contact stiffness under increasing normal compression was analysed through the total truncated area at varying heights, in order to relate contact mechanics to different surface parameters employed for surface characterisation. For a relatively small surface interference, the predicted stress-dependent normal contact stiffness of both scanned and simulated surfaces is in good agreement with experimental observation from nanoindentation tests, revealing a power-law function of the normal load, with the exponent of this relationship closely depending on the fractal dimension of rough surfaces. The numerical results show that the amplitude of a fractal rough surface mainly contributes to the magnitude of the contact stiffness at a given normal load.
Parametric Study on the Approach Problem of an Integral Abutment Bridge Subjected to Cyclic Loading due to Temperature Changes
Authors: Alqarawi Ahmed S. , Leo Chin J. , Liyanapathirana D.S. , Ekanayake Sanka
Published: July 2016

Integral Abutment Bridges are widely utilized around the world because they offer a design alternative minimizing the potential construction and maintenance difficulties associated with expansion joints in other types of bridges. However, integral bridge systems also have certain issues that result from the absence of expansion joints. This is because temperature changes induce cycles of elongations and shortenings in the bridge deck which lead to rotational movements in bridge abutments against and away from the retained soil. This phenomenon may develop long term problems in terms of settlement of the backfill at the bridge approach and escalation in the lateral earth pressure acting on the bridge abutments. This paper aims to investigate the approach settlement and lateral earth pressure development in integral bridges abutments using finite element modelling of a concrete bridge abutment and the adjoining soil using the ABAQUS software. The paper presents a parametric study of the effects imposed by abutment movements on the retained soil. This study also investigates the effectiveness of using expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam inclusions as a remedial measure to minimize the approach settlement and lateral stress ratcheting effects in Integral Abutment Bridges.
CFD Simulation of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Radial-Inflow Turbine, Comparing the Results of Using Real Gas Equation of Estate and Real Gas Property File
Authors: Odabaee Mostafa , Sauret Emilie , Hooman Kamel
Published: July 2016

The present study explores CFD analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) radial-inflow turbine generating 100kW from a concentrated solar resource of 560oC with a pressure ratio of 2.2. Two methods of real gas property estimations including real gas equation of estate and real gas property (RGP) file - generating a required table from NIST REFPROP - were used. Comparing the numerical results and time consumption of both methods, it was shown that equation of states could insert a significant error in thermodynamic property prediction. Implementing the RGP table method indicated a very good agreement with NIST REFPROP while it had slightly more computational cost compared to the RGP table method.
Pounding Response Spectra of Bridge Decks
Authors: Mandal Bharat , Bianco Vincenzo , Monti Giorgio
Published: July 2016

Pounding-induced damage to structures, either buildings or bridges, is systematically observed after significant earthquakes. This has emphasized the necessity of accounting for this phenomenon either in the design of new bridges or the seismic assessment of existing bridges. For this reason, practitioners concerned with bridge structures should be provided with concise computational tools to correctly quantify the effects due to pounding. One such tool is represented by pounding spectra, which were already introduced a couple of decades ago. This work presents a proposal of simplified equations for pounding-related displacement spectra. The first part of this paper presents the computational aspects arising when modeling such complex phenomenon. The second part presents the results of numerical analyses, in terms of displacement spectra. The third part presents a set of simple expressions to allow practitioners easily evaluate pounding-related effects in terms of displacement amplification with respect to the no-pounding condition.
Numerical Analysis of Rigid Body Behaviour
Authors: Gesualdo Antonio , Iannuzzo Antonino , Guadagnuolo Maria Teresa , Guerriero Antonio , Monaco Michela , Savino Maria Teresa
Published: July 2016

The methodical study of seismic safeguard of artistic heritage has considerably spreaded in the last years, thus increasing researchers’ interest in problems concerning monumental buildings. In particular, the seismic safety of art objects, that are the objects generally contained within Museums, is a research field of great interest, being part of research and policy in the more general field of Cultural Heritage, with contribution of several local government and European research grants. It must be noted, in fact, that buildings of historical and cultural significance may contain objects of inestimable value, for which there is no assessment of their effective vulnerability related to how they are displayed or stored. The case of statues and ceramics placed on pedestals, not equipped with any isolation system capable of mitigating the oscillations induced by possible earthquakes can be just considered as an example. This paper focuses the attention on this last problem, i.e. objects that can be considered as rigid bodies simply supported on the main structure, leaving out of account the filter’s effect due to the action of structure on the show-case or furniture. This problem is the same of a large class of non-structural components, such as mechanical and electrical hospital and laboratory equipment that can lose their functionality because of earthquake motions, and structural problem, such as isolated constructions made of superimposed rigid blocks in archaeological areas. The results of a numerical analysis on the rocking behaviour of rigid bodies are compared with experimental dynamic tests performed on simple shaped objects made of different materials and simply supported on a shaking table.
Seismic Performance of Masonry Infilled RC Structures via N2 Pushover Assessment Procedures: Outcomes under Different Modeling Hypotheses of a Case Study
Authors: Cavaleri Liborio , di Trapani Fabio , Papia Maurizio
Published: July 2016

The assessment of the capacity of RC masonry infilled RC structures constitutes nowadays a still debated issue. Pushover based procedures for the evaluation of seismic performance, such as N2 method, are largely used in practice and in force in several technical codes. The latter has proved to be reliable for a large number of structural typologies, however in the case of infilled frames, the choices made on the modelling strategy may radically modify the outcomes observable from the capacity curves and the consequent performance levels achievable. In the paper, the extent of different modelling choices on the results of the application of N2 procedure is investigated by the deep analysis of a case study of a scholastic facility in Italy. Three modelling hypotheses are considered: neglecting of infills; equivalent strut macromodeling and equivalent strut macromodeling with prediction of additional shear demand arising because of the interaction with the infills. The impact of each on the capacity curves and then on the reliability of the overall N2 procedure is discussed pointing out the major criticalities.
Structural Concrete with Recycled Aggregate: Advances in Mechanical Properties, Durability and Sustainability
Authors: Liotta Marc Antonio , Viviani Marco , Rodriquez Carlotta
Published: July 2016

A large number of tests has been carried out in the last 15 years all around the world to study the possibility to use recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) to produce structural concrete.Earlier tests indicated that RCA concrete had lower properties in comparison to ordinary concrete, such as lower elastic modulus, a more brittle post-elastic behavior, lower workability, higher shrinkage and creep.Most of these issues have been addressed to the content of cement mortar remaining in adhesion to the aggregate after the recycling processes and that cannot be totally eliminated without high economic and ecological costs. This cement mortar which has undergone the crushing process creates zones of weakness in the RCA, causes higher water absorption, higher concrete porosity and causes the decay of the aforementioned properties.More recent tests prove that Recycled Concrete shows this peculiar problems only with a percentage of substitution of standard aggregates with RCA higher than 30%. Under this percentage recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) can be considered as a standard concrete, on condition that an appropriate mix design is performed.
Die mensbeskoulike en samelewingsteoretiese vertrekpunte van ’n onbekende skrywer, toegespits op Hebreërs 10:38–39
Authors: Van der Walt Sarel
Published: July 2016

The anthropological and theoretical societal views of an unknown author, focusing on Hebrews 10:38–39. This article describes the hypothesis that, regarding his anthropological and societal-theoretical viewpoints, the unknown author of the book Hebrews was not influenced by the thought patterns of the time, but was possibly offering a corrective on the (then) traditional anthropological and societal-theoretical viewpoints. Within the context of the Greco-Hellenistic world and the broad history of revelational lines in the Bible, this article takes as point of departure Hebrews 10:38–39. The article focuses on the question: What were the anthropological and societal-theoretical viewpoints of the unknown author of the book of Hebrews? Firstly, the article focuses on the prevailing perception of the Greek Hellenistic period, especially the known schools of thought during that time. The aim is to briefly describe the anthropological context in which the author of Hebrews wrote. Secondly, the discussion shows how the revelational-historical information in Hebrews offers a corrective on the thought patterns of that time. Thirdly, the article focuses on the way the societal-theoretical point of departure, when confronted with the thought patterns of that time, is illuminated from a correct understanding of the gospel.
A timely wakeup call: The end of theology as Science
Authors: Zuiddam Benno A.
Published: July 2016

No abstract available.
Food fortification knowledge in women of child-bearing age at Nkowankowa township in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Motadi Selekane A. , Mbhatsani Vanessa , Shilote Kulani O.
Published: July 2016

Background: Globally, there is evidence that three micronutrients deficiencies are of public health concern among children. They are vitamin A, iodine and iron deficiencies. Communities particularly affected are those in situations where poverty, unemployment, civil unrest, war and exploitation remain endemic. Malnutrition is an impediment to productivity, economic growth and poverty eradication. It is estimated that 32% of the global burden would be removed by eliminating malnutrition, including micronutrients deficiencies.Setting: The study was carried out in NkowaNkowa township of Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Aim: The main objective was to determine the women’s knowledge on food fortification.Methods: The study design was descriptive. The snowballing method was used to identify women of child-bearing age. Data were collected from 120 participants using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic, general questions on women’s knowledge on food fortification. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher using the local language Xitsonga.Results: The findings of the study revealed that a majority of 204 (57.0%) of the participants were able to define food fortification correctly while 257 (72.0%) of the participants knew which foods are fortified as well as the benefits of a food fortification programme. The majority (252 [70.0%]) of the participants knew that maize meal is one of the food vehicle used for fortification in South Africa.Conclusion: Most of the questions were answered correctly by more than 50.0% of the participants. The researcher deduced that the study participants are knowledgeable about food fortification based on the response given in relation to the programme.
Development of mathematical concepts as basis for an elaborated mathematical understanding
Authors: Fritz-Stratmann Annemarie Agnes
Published: July 2016

A common theme of models of conceptual growth is to establish the hierarchical structures of abilities that can be interpreted along developmental lines. Integrating the literature on the development of mathematical concepts and skills in children, a comprehensive 6 level model for describing, explaining and predicting the development of key numerical concepts and arithmetic skills from age 4 to 8, is proposed. Two studies will be presented. In the first study, 1095 preschool children completed a mathematics test (MARKO-D0) based on a 5-level model. The test fitted with a one-dimensional Rasch model. The extension of the model to a sixth level was verified in a new study: 312 first-graders took part in a mathematics test based on the six levels (MARKO-D1). In order to check whether the data of both samples adhered to the principle of unidimensionality, the data of MARKO-0 and MARKO-1 were used in a common analysis for comparative purposes. The applicability of these findings for a qualitative diagnostics and an adaptive training will be discussed.
Cash transfers and early childhood care and education in Zimbabwe: A critical inquiry to discourse, theory and practice
Authors: Nyamukapa Hilton
Published: July 2016

Cash transfer based social protection can potentially contribute positively upon targeted beneficiaries on a variety of developmental aspects. This study explored the pilot and scaled-up phases of the Harmonised Social Cash Transfer program to determine impacts towards improving under-eight children’s access to food, education, and health services. Stories of significant change were gathered in retrospect from purposively sampled caregivers and children beneficiaries. Based on thematic and guided analysis, it emerged that the programmes’ theoretical and practical approaches renders the interventions less effective as impact assessment is narrowed to the early childhood cohort. This is furthered by relatively insufficient size of grants disbursed per household and commodity supply-side challenges. Consequently, a review to theoretical and practical tenets of the cash transfer approach becomes imminent in the Zimbabwean context. Targeting criteria needs refinement and supplemented with policy and multi-faceted public investment to address underlying limitations to impact on young children. 
Do employees participate in workplace HIV testing just to win a lottery prize? A quantitative study
Authors: Weihs Martin , Meyer-Weitz Anna
Published: July 2016

Orientation: To encourage workers to participate in workplace HIV testing, some SouthAfrican automotive companies use lotteries. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on how lottery incentives may influence employees’ workplace HIV counselling and testing behaviour.Research purpose: Determine whether workers intend to test for HIV only to win a lottery prize.Motivation for the study: The positive and also negative influences of lotteries on workers’ HIV testing behaviour need to be understood to avoid undue coercion in workplace HIV testing participation.Research design, approach and method: Post-test only quasi-experimental studies were conducted the day HIV testing and lotteries were announced to staff in four companies using a cross-sectional, self-administered survey that measured workers’ workplace HIV testing behaviour intentions. Intention to participate in workplace HIV counselling and testing was used as the main outcome of respondents’ behaviour and investigated via the statement: ‘If the company would organise its on-site Wellness Day tomorrow, I would go testing for HIV tomorrow’. In a first setting, two companies’ workers had to test for HIV to be entered in the lottery (n = 198). In the second setting, two other companies’ workers did not have to test to be entered in the lottery (n = 316). Chi-square tests were conducted to measure significant differences between the two conditions distinguishing between permanent and non-permanent staff.Main findings: No significant association was found between behaviour intention in the two settings for permanent workers’ workplace HIV testing intention ( χ2 = 1.145, p = 0.285, phi = -0.097). However, a significant association with a small effect size was found for non-permanent workers ( χ2 = 8.04, p = 0.005, phi = -0.279).Practical/managerial implications: Results show that lotteries to encourage workplace HIV testing are very likely to help workers ‘do the right thing’ and unlikely to have a coercive effect if all staff attending HIV testing has participated in standardised HIV and AIDS workplace programme activities and is informed about the consequences of testing positive.Contribution: A better understanding of how lotteries influence workplace HIV testing among workers of different work status and informed related recommendations.
Enlarging directed graphs to ensure that all nodes are contained in cycles
Authors: Van der Linde J. J. , Sanders I. D.
Published: July 2016

No abstract available.
Synthesis, characterisation and electrochemical studies of osmocene-containing alcohols
Authors: Govender M. , Swarts J. C. , Müller E.
Published: July 2016

No abstract available.
Architecture for the proactive acquisition and analysis of forensic information in cloud systems
Authors: Ras D. J. , Venter H. S.
Published: July 2016

No abstract available.
The environmental impacts associated with floating solar systems in the wine industry
Authors: Prinsloo F. C. , Lombard A.
Published: July 2016

No abstract available.
Spiritualiteit: 'n religieuse paradigma van Gees en hoop as kosmogenesis, korrelasie en mistieke ervaring
Authors: Van Rooyen Johan A.
Published: July 2016

Spirituality, a theological paradigm of the Spirit and hope as cosmogenesis, correlation and mystical experience. Anselm of Canterbury�s well-known enunciated expression fides quarens intellectum (faith seek understanding) in his search for the existence of God, according to me, forms a very important belief synthesis with regard to the term spirituality, and everything that is accompanied with the term. Why? Because Anselm�s evidence for the existence of God was not there to make the non-believers into believers but rather to explain the mystery of faith in the brain and therefore to enhance the phenomenological sensation of the faith experience. Without the illuminating power of the mind, one stands in awe or it can also disappear into the abyss, especially as it is conceptualised in the religious philosophy. Therefore, it is in this spiritual belief that one receives something from the unknown, as man then receive something into the unknown, that we open with our minds � something like the softness as cream as Sheila Cussons wrote. The question therefore is: May we open this unknown, described as this �soft as cream�, or more paternally ascribe it as spirituality. If so, we then stand in awe to the potential to what spirituality is and only then we do not fade into the abyss of that possibility.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Spirituality as a belief synthesis, in a religious and philosophical context, pursues an understanding from a religious paradigm. It entails that the experience of spirituality reveals a working definition, whereby humans, in their vulnerable existence, may find hope in their expectations, experiences, and fears.
Forking and JSJ decompositions in the free group
Authors: Perin Chloé , Sklinos Rizos
Published: July 2016

We give a description of the model-theoretic relation of forking independence in terms of the notion of JSJ decompositions in non-abelian free groups
Can Item Keyword Feedback Help Remediate Knowledge Gaps?
Authors: Feinberg Richard A. , Clauser Amanda L.
Published: July 2016

Background 

In graduate medical education, assessment results can effectively guide professional development when both assessment and feedback support a formative model. When individuals cannot directly access the test questions and responses, a way of using assessment results formatively is to provide item keyword feedback.

Objective 

The purpose of the following study was to investigate whether exposure to item keyword feedback aids in learner remediation.

Methods 

Participants included 319 trainees who completed a medical subspecialty in-training examination (ITE) in 2012 as first-year fellows, and then 1 year later in 2013 as second-year fellows. Performance on 2013 ITE items in which keywords were, or were not, exposed as part of the 2012 ITE score feedback was compared across groups based on the amount of time studying (preparation). For the same items common to both 2012 and 2013 ITEs, response patterns were analyzed to investigate changes in answer selection.

Results 

Test takers who indicated greater amounts of preparation on the 2013 ITE did not perform better on the items in which keywords were exposed compared to those who were not exposed. The response pattern analysis substantiated overall growth in performance from the 2012 ITE. For items with incorrect responses on both attempts, examinees selected the same option 58% of the time.

Conclusions 

Results from the current study were unsuccessful in supporting the use of item keywords in aiding remediation. Unfortunately, the results did provide evidence of examinees retaining misinformation.
Daily Encounter Cards—Evaluating the Quality of Documented Assessments
Authors: Cheung Warren J. , Dudek Nancy , Wood Timothy J. , Frank Jason R.
Published: July 2016

Background 

Concerns over the quality of work-based assessment (WBA) completion has resulted in faculty development and rater training initiatives. Daily encounter cards (DECs) are a common form of WBA used in ambulatory care and shift work settings. A tool is needed to evaluate initiatives aimed at improving the quality of completion of this widely used form of WBA.

Objective 

The completed clinical evaluation report rating (CCERR) was designed to provide a measure of the quality of documented assessments on in-training evaluation reports. The purpose of this study was to provide validity evidence to support using the CCERR to assess the quality of DEC completion.

Methods 

Six experts in resident assessment grouped 60 DECs into 3 quality categories (high, average, and poor) based on how informative each DEC was for reporting judgments of the resident's performance. Eight supervisors (blinded to the expert groupings) scored the 10 most representative DECs in each group using the CCERR. Mean scores were compared to determine if the CCERR could discriminate based on DEC quality.

Results 

Statistically significant differences in CCERR scores were observed between all quality groups (P < .001). A generalizability analysis demonstrated the majority of score variation was due to differences in DECs. The reliability with a single rater was 0.95.

Conclusions 

The CCERR is a reliable and valid tool to evaluate DEC quality. It can serve as an outcome measure for studying interventions targeted at improving the quality of assessments documented on DECs.
Discovery of anatomic variant of saphenous nerve from human cadaver dissection
Authors: Ahmad U. , San A. , See C. , Taib C. , Moklas M. , Othman F.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Saphenous nerve is the longest and largest pure sensory nerve, supplying the medial side of the thigh, leg and foot. Materials and Methods: In the present case study, during routine cadaveric dissection of the antero-medial part of the thigh, an interesting anomalous pattern of saphenous nerve was seen in the right lower limb of a 62 years old embalmed male cadaver from the Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Results: This saphenous nerve can be recognised as an unusual anatomical variant in which it gives a motor branch to the sartorius muscle during traversing the adductor canal and it was accompanied by blood vessels at the same time. The nerve continues its usual course and pierces the fascia lata, between the tendon of sartorius and gracilis and becomes subcutaneous. Conclusion: Knowledge of the variant anatomy of the saphenous nerve is important to surgeon in avoiding nerve injuries during adductor canal nerve block, nerve entrapment surgery, reconstructive surgery, pain management services and knee surgery successfully.
Midline-triangular liver presenting with extrahepatic porto-vena cava communication
Authors: Pryakhin A. , Mchonde G. , Gesase A.
Published: July 2016

The current observation has documented a 50 years old male cadaver with anomalous triangular liver that was situated in the midline of the abdomen, occupying the epigastrium, umbilical and the suprapubic regions and pushing the small intestines into the pelvic cavity. The triangular liver contained two separate right and left portions that were attached by the peritoneal folds to the anterior abdominal wall, xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages. The left liver portion received a direct arterial supply from the aorta. The portal vein gave rise into two extrahepatic tributaries that opened directly into the inferior vena cava. Other anomalies that were observed in the abdomen included the oval-shaped stomach located in the left abdomen and extending into the left lumbar region. The transverse colon was situated in the suprapubic region and small intestines occupied the suprapubic region and the pelvic cavity. The right testicular vein drained into the right renal vein. The current observations report for the first time midline triangular liver occurring with extrahepatic porto-vena cava communication. The origin of the anomalies of hepatic morphology occurring in the course of organogenesis remains to be determined. Continued documentation of liver anomalies remains to be important in medical practice and in the understanding of liver ontogeny.
La textura intelectual del diseño. La relación en evolución de Denys Lasdun con el diseño en hormigón en el ámbito doméstico
Authors: De Diego Ruiz Patricia
Published: July 2016

Influenciado por las particulares condiciones de la industrialización de la posguerra británica, en la obra de vivienda colectiva desarrollada por el arquitecto inglés Denys Lasdun puede observarse una evolución personal en la comprensión y dominio de la expresividad de las estructuras y formas en hormigón; que se aleja de la estructura repetitiva como estandarización portante neutra, y trata de conformar una unidad integral entre espacio, usuario y estructura, que deriva en un lenguaje arquitectónico propio. Para ello se enfatiza el rol del diseño como característica necesaria para dotar de sentido y adecuación a los avances técnicos al tiempo que crear una arquitectura más particularizada y humana en la sociedad de masas.
Viviendas Vignascia en Minusio, Cantón Ticino. Suiza
Authors: Michele Arnaboldi Architetti Arquitecto
Published: July 2016

La casa es el espacio de referencia por excelencia para el hombre que se identifica con el contexto, la historia y la cultura. La casa es el lugar de la intimidad donde el hombre busca una dimension propia. Desde hace años me ocupo de este tema y tengo la impresión de que siempre permanecen las mismas problemáticas. Le Corbusier en su investigación hablaba de la casa como “machine à habiter”, siendo esta una definicion más ligada a la función. Hoy la casa se ha convertido en más tecnológica, superando en parte este concepto. De todos modos, las necesidades prioritarias de la habitación son, en esencia, siempre las mismas.
Designing the mesoscopic approach of an autonomous linear dynamical system by a quantum formulation
Authors: Micó Ruiz Juan Carlos
Published: July 2016

The work presents a mesoscopic approach to general systems modelled by dynamical systems. The quantum formulation is possible to be obtained by their quantum formulation from a second order Hamiltonian. However, only autonomous linear systems are proved to obtain a Hamiltonian like this. Some application cases are presented, and a discussion about how to generalize the formalism to non-linear dynamical systems is sketched.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.2795
Design of training materials for teaching anatomy.
Authors: Avila Forero Juan Sebastian
Published: July 2016

The present work is part of the Doctoral Research in Design, Manufacturing and Industrial Projects Management of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV) and is incorporated in the PhD project called ¨The implementation of digital design and manufacturing technologies in the teaching of anatomy¨. It is based on the experience as a thesis director in the Design Faculty of the University El Bosque in Bogota. The project discussed thereafter aims to strengthen the skills of students in Industrial design. With a strong technological component, the project’s method relies on the elaboration of a design project, in order to deepen the knowledge of organic 3D modeling techniques and digital sculpture, taking advantage of the boom in digital manufacturing. The project focuses on strengthening the students’ communicative and interactive skills with third parties, it particularly empowers the cognitive abilities needed to work in an interdisciplinary environment. Here the study case concentrates on education in health sciences, specifically the teaching and learning of anatomy in different disciplines. In the initial phase of the project, 3-dimensional physical teaching materials were selected to provide the pedagogical approach to Anatomy and Dental Morphology classes of the Faculty of Dentistry. Said materials constituted the starting point for further experiences and indeed it triggered the implementation of various similar projects with other departments at the UEB, all aiming to facilitate the experience of teaching - learning, guaranteeing students a theoretical and practical training through three-dimensional resources. The main feature of such training consists in a better comprehension of information, thanks to a direct and concrete interaction. This article seeks to illustrate the use given to digital design and manufacturing technology to expand the range of opportunities that could be transmitted to students in academia and such process could permeate non-traditional fields for future industrial designers, demystifying their profile solely as form-esthetics configurators toward eventually emerging as leading projects coordinators in a multidisciplinary field of work. 3D printers of fused deposition modeling (FDM) can create complex didactic models. The present paper will discuss the results of the first year and a half of work based on the academic results of design students under the direction of Professor XXX, PhD student at the UPV.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.2955
Estudo da adaptação antropométrica de mobiliário residencial em madeira maciça produzido na cidade de Manaus
Authors: Albuquerque de Alencar Larissa , Mazarelo Maciel Pacheco Karla , Vieira Sousa Mirella
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta um breve estudo sobre a adaptação antropométrica de mobiliário de madeira maciça, produzido e comercializado na cidade de Manaus. Busca verificar se as medidas utilizadas para a produção de mesas e cadeiras (sem ajustes) estão em conformidade com as normas e padrões técnicos vigentes. Para tanto, foram feitos: levantamento bibliográfico, onde foram abordados tópicos referentes a situação do setor moveleiro no Amazonas, ergonomia e antropometria e medidas do corpo humano, buscando aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca da temática estudada, por meio do conhecimento das principais limitações e potenciais para investimento na melhoria da qualidade do mobiliário de madeira maciça sem ajustes. Neste item, houve a organização dos dados pesquisados para a geração duas tabelas, com base nas dimensões dos seguimentos corpóreos humanos de usuários extremos (mulher percentil 5% e homem percentil 95%), apresentada por Felisberto e Paschoarelli (2000), seguindo também as recomendações de diversos autores de ergonomia, entre eles: Quaresma (2011), Kroemer e Grandjan (2005), Dul e Weerdemester (2004) e Moraes e Pequini (2000), viabilizando seu uso como parâmetro para o dimensionamento de mesas e cadeiras; pesquisa de campo, onde houve a coleta de dados por meio de formulário de pesquisa para anotação das medidas obtidas in loco nas marcenarias, a serem posteriormente comparadas com as dimensões das tabelas propostas; cálculos de estatística descritiva (amplitude total, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação), visto que permitem apreciar o número total de valores encontrados em uma classe e mapear a diferenciação entre aqueles obtidos e os recomendados, e inferencial, com o propósito de facilitar a apreciação acerca da validade dos dados coletados  por meio da aplicação do teste de t de Student. Com o resultado obtido, observou-se que o mobiliário em questão não é produzido com base em recomendações ergonômicas e/ou quaisquer tipo de estudo relacionado, uma vez que as medidas analisadas não se encontravam em conformidade com as recomendadas nas tabelas geradas e outras eram simplesmente ignoradas. Este fato termina por tornar os produtos menos atraentes, face ao desconforto gerado, quando utilizados por longos períodos, principalmente se comparados com móveis industrializados, tendo em vista que estes apresentam as mesmas condições de dimensionamento com menor preço de mercado.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3000
Fixed, liquid, fluid. Rethinking the digital design process through the ecosystem model
Authors: Bollini Letizia
Published: July 2016

According to the visions and conceptualizations from philosophers to design thinkers such as Habermas, Maturana & Varela or Levin, the design applied to digital artifacts, products and services —due to the convergence of media, communication, deceives and technologies— is becoming even more a a bio-sphere —or better to say with the words of Vernadskij— a Noosphere. The cultural shifting is represented both in the process side and in the approach to the whole design materials and outcomes. On one hand, the organizational structure is moving from an “industrial” approach characterized by a waterfall-process —organized in subsequent of well-structured phases— to an iterative activity —that cycle among ideation, prototyping, testing assessing and redesign phases before to implement and release a project— to the agile and lean approach of the information-era in which the project itself persist constantly in a work-in-progress status —where upgrades and updates have replaced new releases. On the other hand, the object of the project itself is deeply changing according to a vision of a digital ecosystem and consequently to the design approach that is moving from a fixed —a two-dimensional page borrowed-model— to a liquid, then fluid solutions beside the divergences of media and devices and the convergence of user context and experience. Paraphrasing Maldonando we’re moving from virtual to real, from intangible to tangible, from the web to intelligent environment, both digital and physical. In this hybrid space the design process gambles his challenge to change process and purpose embracing both a traversal and a deep vertical approach to single elements of the eco-system and the eco-system in its wide complexity. Nevertheless this transition implies design to face with the challenges of emerging and upcoming phenomena: the designer education —skills, competences, methods— in an hybrid context, the anthropological mutation brought up by the new generation of digital natives and finally the social impact and emotional implication of the confluence of virtual and real experience —mediated by technologies— that people live in their daily life.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3013
Development of the Happiness Index in a country
Authors: Sanz García María T. , Caselles Antonio , Micó Joan Carles , Soler David
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a Happiness Index is built with quantitative variables that are defined in the United Nations Development Report (UNDP). This Index is calculated through the terms that Caselles A. proposes in his research “Trying to evaluate the human dignity in a social group” which was presented in 9th Congress of the European Union of Systems (UES-EUS). Valencia (Spain), 2014. There, an exhaustive analysis of the literature has been done to conclude that the supreme value is Human Dignity and a Human Dignity Respect Index has been proposed. In this work, the Happiness Index has been built from the Human Dignity Respect Index. Immediate subordinated values to human dignity are development, freedom and equality. Subordinates to equality are solidarity, justice and peace. The aim of this paper is to obtain the minimum quantitative variables to explain these values as well as to obtain a generic formula, which allows measuring the happiness of a country/region per gender. The term “generic” is introduced because this formula could be extrapolated to any country, nevertheless in this work the index is calculated for a selection of countries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3096
A Research on Designer Roles in Industries
Authors: Eroglu Ilgim , Ceylan Esen Ozge
Published: July 2016

In this study, it was aimed to explore if roles of designers change in different industries. It was studied if expectancies from designers change according to industry they work. This study is linked with a prior study which investigated general expectancies from designers to get a hint about their work environment. In a prior study done by the authors, it was investigated if current tendencies about design have an effect on requirements from designers. It was found that companies asked for skills addressing capabilities for tasks like team management and process management. However, the effect of industries’ environment on requirements was not explored. In the scope of this study, 10 companies from 5 different industries with diverse characters were briefly interviewed to understand industry effect on requirements from designers. Industries included were shoe & bag, furniture accessories, jewellery, packaging and advertising & exhibition. A total of 50 companies were interviewed in this study. Companies were chosen among those 5 industries, each designing their own products. It was aimed to ask organizations their expectancies from designers, so each of these firms employ designers either regularly or project base. When results of the current study are investigated, it may be suggested that requirements from designers can change according to industries they work.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3204