bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico de la actividad pesquera artesanal en la Bahía de Tela
Authors: Carbajal Marquez Ernesto Alcides , Sierra Castillo Liliana Paola , López Irías Ester Agar
Published: December 2017

El siguiente artículo describe las características que presenta la pesca artesanal en la Bahía de Tela, esta actividad es una de las más significativas para las comunidades del área, no solo por las ventajas que implica realizar esta activad (independencia, nutrición y seguridad alimentaria) pero también, debido a la falta de alternativas económicas y empleo, la pesca es una fuente de ingreso permanente para los pescadores. El objetivo general fue el de elaborar herramientas de manejo y conservación pesquera para la Bahía de Tela (costa norte de Honduras), incluyendo el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marino Bahía de Tela, Parque Nacional Punta Izopo y Parque Nacional Jeannette Kawas. Para el análisis de la situación socioeconómica de las comunidades pesqueras, se emplearon distintas metodologías como los siguientes: censos pesqueros y encuestas socioeconómicas, esto permitió conocer la problemática que enfrentan.Para los muestreos biológicos, se consideraron tres comunidades representativas del área: las comunidades garífunas de Tornabe, Miami y Tela. La toma de datos de los muestreos pesqueros abarca el periodo de tiempo comprendido desde febrero del 2015- abril del 2016. Con el fin de evaluar los recursos pesqueros se tomaron consideraciones ecológicas, dinámica de poblaciones y esfuerzo pesquero. La pesquería en Tela se encuentra en un estado crucial, ya que aún hay un porcentaje de especies que pertenecen a niveles altos en la cadena trófica; sin embargo si se sigue explotando insosteniblemente, aumentará la explotación de carnívoros de primer orden y luego herbívoros; afectando la salud del ecosistema y la pesquería.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 12, junio 2017; 36-50
Economia Criativa, Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade: o caso do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Vieira de Jesus Diego
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do artigo é examinar como a sustentabilidade oferece um dos pilares fundamentais ao desenvolvimento da economia criativa no Rio de Janeiro. Com base no referencial teórico de Richard Florida e Ana Carla Reis, o argumento central aponta que a economia criativa no Rio de Janeiro promove uma dinâmica de valorização, proteção e promoção da diversidade das expressões culturais como forma de garantir a sua originalidade. Para que se garantam a sua força e o seu potencial de crescimento, o Poder Público e os agentes sociais precisam assegurar sustentabilidade social, cultural, ambiental e econômica em condições semelhantes de escolha para as gerações futuras. Ademais, assumir a economia criativa como vetor de desenvolvimento seria assumi-la como um processo cultural gerador de inovação e promotor da inclusão produtiva da população, priorizando aqueles que se encontravam em situação de vulnerabilidade social, por meio da formação e da qualificação profissional e da geração de oportunidades de trabalho e de renda. O desenvolvimento de políticas coerentes para a inovação cultural – que tem como sustentáculo a criatividade, entre outros componentes – é algo crítico para que no longo prazo se alcance um desenvolvimento economicamente sustentável.
A transformação da natureza e as potencialidades do monitoramento ambiental na Lagoa Urbana Olho D’Água-PE: os desafios da complexa relação entre desenvolvimento urbano e a conservação de ambientes naturais
Authors: Silva Elisabeth Regina Alves Cavalcanti , De Santana Sidney Henrique Campelo , Melo José Gustavo Da Silva , Mendes Sandra Maria , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano
Published: December 2017

O intenso crescimento urbano das cidades acarreta o surgimento de uma série de problemáticas em relação à conservação dos ambientes naturais. Por essa razão, o estudo de caso de que trata este trabalho corresponde à área da Lagoa Olho d’Água, que é a principal lagoa natural costeira do estado de Pernambuco e a maior lagoa urbana do Brasil. Nas últimas décadas, o perímetro urbano tem se adensado na área devido à beleza cênica, o que, consequentemente, acarreta uma especulação imobiliária no entorno da lagoa. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisara transformação da natureza e as potencialidades do monitoramento ambiental na Lagoa Urbana Olho d’Água – PE, considerando os desafios existentes na relação, muitas vezes antagônicas, entre desenvolvimento urbano e a conservação de ambientes naturais a partir da avaliação espaço-temporal da área através de sensoriamento remoto e processamento digital de imagens de satélite. Foram utilizadas na avaliação, com base em índices de vegetação,2 variáveis biofísicas: o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) para avaliação do conteúdo de clorofila na vegetação e o índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (Savi) para identificação de focos de degradação na área. Foram utilizadas três imagens do satélite Landsat dos anos de 1989, 2000 e 2010. O estudo demonstrou que a vegetação apresentou uma considerável diminuição do ano de 1989 até 2010 devido ao adensamento urbano ocorrido nas últimas décadas. Os resultados demonstrados contribuem para o planejamento da conservação ambiental, para a gestão e o monitoramento ambiental contínuo da Lagoa Olho d’Água.
Financiamento privado de campanha eleitoral: o agronegócio bancando a queda do Código Florestal Brasileiro de 1965
Authors: Cunha Paulo Roberto , Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de
Published: December 2017

Até o ano de 2015, o financiamento privado de campanhas eleitorais era uma das formas de mobilização política dos atores individuais e dos grupos de interesses econômicos. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo deste artigo, é demonstrar como o agronegócio e outros interesses organizados contribuíram decisivamente no processo político de desmonte do Código Florestal Brasileiro de 1965, por intermédio de significativa quantia doada em 2006 às campanhas eleitorais de políticos ruralistas que, em 2010, aprovaram um projeto considerado o embrião da Nova Lei Florestal.
Desenvolvimento sustentável nos discursos do Equador na AGNU
Authors: Lisboa Marcelino Teixeira , Pozo Karen Johanna Bombón
Published: December 2017

Este texto apresenta os resultados da exploração, através da análise de conteúdo, dos discursos do Equador na Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas (AGNU), entre 2007 e 2016, como o objetivo de verificar como o desenvolvimento sustentável esteve presente em tais pronunciamentos. É realizada uma abordagem quantitativa para verificar a presença e a frequência do tema nos discursos e posteriormente os textos são analisados em relação ao significado do desenvolvimento sustentável nos pronunciamentos, bem como a ligação com outros temas relevantes. Verificou-se que, no período analisado, o buen vivir como um modelo de desenvolvimento e o projeto Yasuní-ITT, que visava a preservação ambiental, estiveram diretamente relacionados com o enfoque do desenvolvimento sustentável. Além disso, o discurso apresentou diferentes ênfases e significados em distintos períodos ao longo dos dez anos considerados na análise. O texto apresenta um caráter muito mais exploratório do que analítico, mas, permitiu captar diversas nuances da construção da visão equatoriana de desenvolvimento sustentável, durante os governos de Rafael Correa.
Classroom Teacher Candidates’ Metaphoric Perceptions Regarding the Concepts of Reading and Writing: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: OZENC Emine Gul , OZENC Mehmet
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine and compare candidate classroom teachers’ metaphoric perceptions about reading and writing. The study was conducted with teacher candidates who were studying at Omer Halisdemir University’s Department of Elementary Education in Nigde/Turkey during 2016-2017 academic year. A total of 266 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade candidate classroom teachers participated in the study. The study design was organized according to phenomenological design. According to the study findings, teacher candidates created 23 metaphoric categories in reading, 17 in writing and 15 in both reading and writing. The most categories developed by classroom candidate teachers on the concept of reading is necessity. As to writing; the most categories developed by classroom candidate teachers on the concept of writing is on expressing feelings. The category with the least metaphor about writing concept is the negativity and watching. The common metaphors used by the classroom teacher candidates regarding the concepts of reading and writing are mostly gathered in the categories of water and its derivatives and life. Whereas the category with the least common metaphors about is infinity. Another result of the research is that the teacher candidates produce a more negative number of metaphorical concepts in the writing concept. Metaphors on the concept of writing are outpouring, effusion and the man himself. As a result, metaphors can be used as a research tool to determine teacher candidates' perceptions and opinions about reading and writing.
An Investigation of Pre-Service Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes towards Digital Technology and Digital Citizenship Levels in Terms of Some Variables
Authors: Ciftci Serdar , Aladag Soner
Published: December 2017

This study aims at investigating the relationship between pre-service primary school teachers’ attitudes towards digital technology and digital citizenship scale levels. The research was designed in descriptive survey model. The data collection tools were “Attitude Scale for Digital Technology” (ASDT) developed by Cabi (2016) and “Digital Citizenship Scale” (DCS) developed by Isman and Gungoren (2014). Some of the research findings are as follows: While there is a statistically insignificant difference between pre-service teachers’ scores from two scales in terms of the variable of gender, the variable of class creates a statistically significant difference between the scores from two scales. The scores from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology was not affected by the number of years pre-service teachers had spent using the Internet, whereas the same variable affected their Digital Citizenship Scale scores. When the correlations were analyzed, it was seen the relationship between digital attitude and digital citizenship was positive and significant, i.e. as the digital attitude scores of the participants increase, so do their digital citizenship scores.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, PEACE EDUCATION AND PEER MEDIATION: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY
Authors: Türk Fulya
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of conflict resolution, peace education and peer mediation on the conflict resolution skills of students via meta-analysis method.23 studies were determined to be in accordance with the study criteria. According to research findings conflict resolution, peace education and peer mediation education programs have a wide range of effect on the conflict resolution skills of students. In addition to this, the education program, education level, the type of application, publication type , the duration of application have been examined and evaluated. As a result, it can be stated that conflict resolution, peace education or peer mediation is effective in the constructive development of conflict resolution skills of the students.
What Makes a Change Unsuccessful through the Eyes of Teachers
Authors: Cimer Sabiha Odabasi
Published: December 2017

Over the past two decades, Turkey has initiated a reform movement to change her classroom assessment system to accommodate performance-based alternative assessment methods in schools. However, research investigating the impact of assessment reform on learning and teaching in schools report that performance assessment approaches have not been implemented effectively. This study investigated the teacher related factors behind the adoption decisions of teachers of these changes introduced. Data for the study were collected through interviews with 53 biology teachers in 24 schools. According to the findings, teachers’ lack of self-agency, superficial understanding of the ideas introduced, mistrust that the innovations will work in practice, skepticism about the need for a change and inadequate knowledge and abilities as a result of ineffective dissemination and professional guidance were the main factors affecting the success of the reform. Suggestions to overcome barriers to reform and implications of the findings in managing change are presented and discussed at the end of the paper.
The Relationship between Affective and Social Isolation among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Alghraibeh Ahmad M. , Juieed Noof M. Bni
Published: December 2017

We examined the correlation between social isolation and affective isolation among 457 undergraduate students using a stratified cluster sampling technique. Participants comprised 221 men and 236 women, all of whom were either first- or fourth-year students enrolled in various majors at King Saud University. Means, standard deviations, Pearson (Spearman) correlations, z-values, a regression analysis, and an analysis of variance were used to address the study questions: (Are there significant differences (α ≤ .05) in affective isolation per sex and academic level? Does the interaction between sex and academic level have a significant impact on affective isolation? What is the nature of the relationship between affective isolation and overall social isolation and its dimensions? Are there significant differences (α = .05) in the relationship per sex and academic level? Does affective isolation contribute towards the prediction of social isolation?). Significant differences regarding sex were found, as men showed more affective isolation. Significant differences were also found regarding the interaction between sex and academic level on affective isolation. However, the correlations between the social isolation dimensions of self-confidence, family containment and communication, and interaction with friends with affective isolation were negative. In addition, affective isolation predicted social isolation among students.
Adecuación y demanda de formación en la empresa. la inencontrable adecuación entre formación y empleo
Authors: Martín Artiles Antonio , Lope Andreu , Barrientos Daniel , Moles Benjamí
Published: December 2017

Este artículo explora la relación entre formación y empleo guiado por tres preguntas. La primera, cómo perciben los jóvenes la adecuación de su nivel de formación a los puestos de trabajo. La adecuación es la idea dominante, pero que se repite como un mantra. Pero destaca la percepción de sobreeducación para las tareas que realiza en el puesto de trabajo. La segunda pregunta se refiere a cómo los jóvenes perciben su futura trayectoria después de haber pasado por la formación en la empresa. La respuesta es que la formación genera expectativas, pero ésta varía en función del nivel de estudios. Y la tercera pregunta se refiere a los factores que inciden en la demanda de formación. La respuesta pone de relieve la importancia de las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo, la tecnología, además del sector de actividad y el tamaño de la empresa. En breve, la relación entre formación y empleo es inencontrable porque no sólo depende de los individuos, sino también del contexto tecnológico y organizativo de la empresa, además del sector de actividad.
Social Innovation in the Provision of Services in Long-term Care
Authors: Széman Zsuzsa , Tróbert Anett Mária
Published: December 2017

The present study focuses on the potential of extension of social innovation in social services in long-term care. The aim of the paper is to analyse barriers and drivers according to different care regimes: 1. standard care-mix regimes; 2. universal-Nordic; 3. family-based; 4. Central and Eastern European. Applying different qualitative methods (mapping of initiatives, 62 good examples of which 18 were in-depth, expert interviews, focus groups), the paper is going to explore similarities and differences between care regimes with a special focus on Central and Eastern Europe to see whether the Central and Eastern European care regime can be considered as a special one or not. It becomes clear from the analysis that there are similarities and differences between the individual care regimes and it is of fundamental importance that these as well as the good practices should be widely known and transferred or adapted to the given care structure. This requires continuous mapping and research.
COMBATE À VIOLÊNCIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: TRABALHO COM OFICINAS EDUCATIVAS QUE OPORTUNIZAM A (CON)VIVÊNCIA DEMOCRÁTICA NA ESCOLA
Authors: Brito Robson Figuereido
Published: December 2017

O tema violência na escola não é novo e está na ordem do dia, em nossa sociedade, por essa razão, este artigo trata de apresentar uma experiência de pesquisa-ação a partir da interlocução da Universidade e Escola Pública da Educação Básica em Belo Horizonte. Este trabalho trata de revelar o posicionamento do autor, pesquisador do Núcleo de Estudos da Linguagem, Letramento e Formação (NELLF) referente à realização de Oficinas Educativas concebidas como espaço do vínculo, da participação, da comunicação e da produção e interação social entre alunos do Ensino Médio, professores de Língua Portuguesa da Escola Pública Parceria, estudantes da Graduação e do Mestrado/Doutorado em Letras - Linguística e Língua Portuguesa, da PUC Minas no Projeto Leitura e Escrita no ensino médio: demandas para a ação e a formação de professores, caminhos para novas práticas. Criou-se oficinas educativas para o combate à violência na escola a partir da escuta atenta de professores e alunos sobre a realidade socioemocional, cultural e pedagógica de uma Escola Estadual, na região oeste, da cidade de Belo Horizonte, que durante a pesquisa esteve em parceria com o curso de Letras e outros cursos de Licenciatura, da referida universidade. O resultado dessa parceria foi dar voz aos alunos do Ensino Médio que participaram das atividades das oficinas em especial a relacionada ao tema: inclusão e exclusão social. Os alunos manifestam o seu posicionamento sobre esse tema e trazem para a cena do espaço escolar como é difícil ter de lidar com as diferenças identitárias que atravessam o seu modo de pensar, agir e dizer no cotidiano escolar.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Violência.  Discurso. Identidade. Pesquisa-ação. Oficinas educativas.
«Den tredje vei»: En studie av elevers opplevelse av å være lærekandidat.
Authors: Rokkones Klara
Published: December 2017

Denne artikkelen er basert på en kvalitativ undersøkelse som tar utgangspunkt i erfaringer og opplevelser elever/lærekandidater på restaurant- og matfag og helse- og oppvekstfag har fra et alternativt opplæringsløp. De har alle vært knyttet til et tilrettelagt tilbud, «Den tredje vei», som er bygget opp omkring praksis, og som kjennetegnes med stor fleksibilitet. Problemstillingen jeg forfølger i teksten, er følgende: Hvordan kan skole og bedrift samarbeide og tilpasse opplæringen for elever med behov for en alternativ vei til grunnkompetanse?I første del av artikkelen beskrives tilbudet «Den tredje vei» og knyttes til sentrale styringsdokumenter, teori og forskning.I artikkelens andre del presenterer jeg metode og datainnsamling, basert på intervjuer.Til slutt drøfter og oppsummeres funnene i studien som omfatter elevenes/lærekandidatenes erfaringer og opplevelser. Jeg peker på hvordan studien kan være et bidrag til å forstå behovet for en bedre tilpasset opplæring for elever med ulike utfordringer, og hvordan dette kan organiseres i skole og bedrift.
Fourier Transform Surface Plasmon Resonance (FTSPR) with Gyromagnetic Plasmonic Nanorods
Authors: Jung Insub , Yoo Haneul , Jang Hee‐Jeong , Cho Sanghyun , Lee Kyungeun , Hong Seunghun , Park Sungho
Published: December 2017

An unprecedented active and dynamic sensing platform based on a LSPR configuration that is modulated by using an external magnetic field is reported. Electrochemically synthesized Au/Fe/Au nanorods exhibited plasmonically active behavior through plasmonic coupling, and the middle ferromagnetic Fe block responded to a magnetic impetus, allowing the nanorods to be modulated. The shear force variation induced by the specific binding events between antigens and antibodies on the nanorod surface is used to enhance the sensitivity of detection of antigens in the plasmonics‐based sensor application. As a proof‐of‐concept, influenza A virus (HA1) was used as a target protein. The limit of detection was enhanced by two orders of magnitude compared to that of traditional LSPR sensing.
Evaluation of land‐use change effects on runoff and soil erosion of a hilly basin — the Yanhe River in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Lu Changhe
Published: December 2017

Starting in 1999, the Grain‐for‐Green Programme has been implemented in the Loess Plateau to alleviate the severe soil erosion by converting steeply sloping croplands to forestlands or grasslands. To quantify the effects of these conservation efforts, this study identified the land‐use changes between 2000 and 2015 and quantified their impacts on runoff and erosion using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) and a typical hilly basin, the Yanhe River basin as a case‐study. To heighten the applicability of SWAT to the region, major model parameters were localized and calibrated for the period of 1975–1980 and were then validated for 1981–1987. The R2 and NS validation indices were 0.70 and 0.65 for the monthly runoff and 0.67 and 0.61 for the sediment load, indicating that the model performance was acceptable. Between 2000 and 2015, the slope croplands were reduced by 39.9%, the forestlands increased by 90.2%, and the grasslands increased by 12.9%. These land‐use changes were simulated using SWAT to reduce the basin runoff by 13.8% and the sediment load by 50.7%. Spatial analyses using ArcGIS indicated that the simulated reduction in water yield due to cropland conversion to forestland was more obvious than that due to the conversion to grassland, but the reductions in the sediment yields were similar. The results suggest that the Grain‐for‐Green practice during this period was effective for preventing soil and water losses.
Development of a dietary formulation of the SHetA2 chemoprevention drug for mice
Authors: Benbrook Doris M. , Janakiram Naveena B. , Chandra Vishal , Pathuri Gopal , Madka Venkateshwar , Stratton Nicole C. , Masamha Chioniso P. , Farnsworth Cassadie N. , Garcia-Contreras Lucila , Hatipoglu Manolya Kukut , Lighfoot Stan , Rao Chinthalapally V.
Published: December 2017

Development of cancer chemoprevention compounds requires enhanced consideration for toxicity and route of administration because the target population is healthy. The small molecule drug, SHetA2 (NSC 726189), exhibited in vivo chemoprevention activity and lack of toxicity when administered by oral gavage. Our objective was to determine if a dietary formulation of SHetA2 could achieve effective tissue drug levels without toxicity. C57bl/6 J mice were monitored on modified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)76A diet mixed with SHetA2 in a 3:1 ratio with Kolliphor HS15, a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to deliver 37.5, 62.5, 125, 187 or 250 mg SHetA2/kg/day. Blood and tissues were evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 weeks. The 187 mg/kg/day dose was identified as optimal based on achievement of maximum blood and tissue drug levels in the effective micromolar range without evidence of toxicity. The 250 mg/kg/day group exhibited lower drug levels and the highest intestinal drug content suggesting that an upper limit of intestinal absorption had been surpassed. Only this highest dose resulted in liver and kidney function tests that were outside of the normal range, and significant reduction of cyclin D1 protein in normal cervical tissue. SHetA2 reduced cyclin D1 to greater extents in cancer compared to non-cancer cell cultures. Given this differential effect, optimal chemoprevention without toxicity would be expected to occur at doses that reduced cyclin D1 in neoplastic, but not in normal tissues. These findings support further development of SHetA2 as a chemoprevention agent and potential food additive.
Hidden and Remote: New Perspectives on the People in the Levänluhta Water Burial, Western Finland (c.ad300–800)
Authors: Wessman Anna , Alenius Teija , Holmqvist Elisabeth , Mannermaa Kristiina , Perttola Wesa , Sundell Tarja , Vanhanen Santeri
Published: December 2017

The wetland find in Levänluhta (western Finland) consists of unburnt, mixed up remains from almost 100 human individuals along with artefacts and animal bones. This spring site, a small lake at the time of use (ad300–800), has been investigated archaeologically from the late nineteenth century onwards. An impressive array of finds, including precious artefacts, is on display at the National Museum of Finland. However, the material has not previously been subjected to systematic research to clarify who these people were, and why they were buried in a small lake at a time when cremation was the prevailing burial tradition. Here we present the results of a multidisciplinary study that includes new analyses and interpretations of the finds and the site. Prestigious artefacts, peripheral location, and the fact that only a few males were found suggest this unusual burial site was a cemetery for socially or ideologically deviant members of the society.
Added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, dietary carbohydrate index and depression risk in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project
Authors: Sanchez-Villegas Almudena , Zazpe Itziar , Santiago Susana , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Lahortiga-Ramos Francisca
Published: December 2017

The association between added sugars or sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of depression, as well as the role of carbohydrate quality in depression risk, remains unclear. Among 15 546 Spanish university graduates from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) prospective cohort study, diet was assessed with a validated 136-item semi-quantitative FFQ at baseline and at 10-year follow-up. Cumulative average consumption of added sugars, sweetened drinks and an overall carbohydrate quality index (CQI) were calculated. A better CQI was associated with higher whole-grain consumption and fibre intake and lower glycaemic index and consumption of solid (instead of liquid) carbohydrates. Clinical diagnoses of depression during follow-up were classified as incident cases. Multivariable time-dependent Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of depression according to consumption of added sugars, sweetened drinks and CQI. We observed 769 incident cases of depression. Participants in the highest quartile of added sugars consumption showed a significant increment in the risk of depression (HR=1·35; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·67,P=0·034), whereas those in the highest quartile of CQI (upper quartile of the CQI) showed a relative risk reduction of 30 % compared with those in the lowest quartile of the CQI (HR=0·70; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·88). No significant association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and depression risk was found. Higher added sugars and lower quality of carbohydrate consumption were associated with depression risk in the SUN Cohort. Further studies are necessary to confirm the reported results.
Energy intake in short bowel syndrome: assessment by 24-h dietary recalls compared with the doubly labelled water method
Authors: Fassini Priscila G. , Das Sai Krupa , Pfrimer Karina , Suen Vivian M. M. , Sérgio Marchini Júlio , Ferriolli Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) represents a serious intestinal absorption disorder, and patients may be prone to severe malnutrition. Dietetic therapy is critically important both for immediate prognosis and successful long-term rehabilitation. To maintain energy balance, an accurate assessment of energy intake is required. Our objective was to compare energy intake (EI) assessed by 24-h dietary recalls (EIrecall), a standard clinical assessment, with the total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water (TEEdlw) method in SBS patients and matched controls. A total of twenty-two participants (eleven each in the SBS and control groups (CG), six female and five male) were evaluated; CG were matched to SBS patients on the basis of age, BMI and sex. TEE was measured by DLW and compared with EI determined by four 24-h dietary recalls using the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Bland–Altman plots and paired Student’s t test were used to compare EIrecall with TEEdlw (P<0·05). Participants’ mean age was 53 (sd 8) years. TEEdlw (7·85 (SD 1·16) MJ/d, 0·14 (SD 0·02) MJ/kg per d) was significantly lower (P=0·014) compared with EIrecall (11·07 (SD 3·45) MJ/d, 0·21 (SD 0·08) MJ/kg per d) in the SBS group. On the other hand, in the CG group TEEdlw (10·02 (SD 1·86) MJ/d, 0·18 (SD 0·03) MJ/kg per d) was significantly higher (P=0·001) compared with EIrecall (7·19 (SD 1·68) MJ/d, 0·13 (SD 0·03) MJ/kg per d). In SBS patients, reported EI is higher than DLW-measured EI. Therefore, providing or prescribing energetic intake based on EIrecall without accounting for potential malabsorption-related losses can compromise the energy needs in SBS patients and affect nutritional status in the long term.
The Liberal Ethics of Non-Interference
Authors: Mariotti Marco , Veneziani Roberto
Published: December 2017

This article analyses the liberal ethics of non-interference in social choice. It examines a liberal principle that captures non-interfering views of society and is inspired by John Stuart Mill’s conception of liberty. The principle expresses the idea that society should not penalize individuals after changes in their situation that do not affect others. The article highlights an impossibility for liberal approaches: every social decision rule that satisfies unanimity and a general principle of non-interference must be dictatorial. This raises some important issues for liberal approaches in social choice and political philosophy.
Morphological, biometrical and molecular characterization of Archaeopsylla erinacei (Bouché, 1835)
Authors: Zurita A. , Callejón R. , de Rojas M. , Cutillas C.
Published: December 2017

In the present work, we carried out a morphological, biometrical and molecular study of the species Archaeopsylla erinacei (Bouché, 1835) and their subspecies: Archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei (Bouché, 1835) and Archaeopsylla erinacei maura (Jordan & Rothschild, 1912) isolated from hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from different geographical regions (Seville and Corse). We have found morphological differences in females of A. erinacei from the same geographical origin that did not correspond with molecular differences. We suggest that some morphological characters traditionally used to discriminate females of both subspecies should be revised as well as we set the total length of the spermatheca as a valid criterion in order to discriminate between both subspecies. The Internal Transcribed Spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and partial 18S rRNA gene, and partial cytochrome c-oxidase 1 (cox1) and cytochrome b (cytb) mtDNA gene sequences were determined to clarify the taxonomic status of these taxa and to assess intra-specific and intra-population similarity. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis with other species of fleas using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analysis was performed. All molecular markers used, except 18S, showed molecular differences between populations corresponding with geographical origins. Thus, based on the phylogenetic and molecular study of two nuclear markers (ITS1, ITS2) and two mitochondrial markers (cox1 and cytb), as well as concatenated sequences of both subspecies, we reported the existence of two geographical genetic lineages in A. erinacei corresponding with two different subspecies: A. e. erinacei (Corse, France) and A. e. maura (Seville, Spain), that could be discriminated by polymerase chain reaction-linked random-fragment-length polymorphism.
Influence ofIL28BandMxAgene polymorphisms on HCV clearance in Han Chinese population
Authors: Zang Feng , Yue Ming , Yao Yinan , Liu Mei , Fan Haozhi , Feng Yue , Xia Xueshan , Huang Peng , Yu Rongbin
Published: December 2017

The high rate of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) was one of the key issues of global public health concern. Interferon (IFN)-λrelevant genes were in the antiviral treatment pathway, not only influenced hepatitis C virus (HCV) spontaneous clearance, but also affected the IFN-mediated viral clearance. The aim of this study was to identify the association of interleukin 28B (IL28B), myxovirus resistance A (MxA) gene polymorphisms with HCV spontaneous clearance and therapeutic response in Chinese CHC patients.IL28BandMxAgene genotypes were detected among 231 CHC carriers, 428 subjects with HCV spontaneous clearance and 662 CHC patients with pegylated IFN-αand ribavirin (pegIFN-α/RBV) treatment. Patients withMxArs2071430 TT genotype were more likely to develop HCV infection chronicity (additive model: odds ratio (OR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.48,P= 0.042).IL28Brs1298075 variant genotypes (additive model: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.98,P= 0.040) andMxArs17000900 variant genotypes (additive model: OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30–0.99,P= 0.048) were less likely to achieve a sustained virological response. The life table indicated that patients withIL28Brs1298075 AG genotype were slower to achieve a viral load <500 copies/ml (P= 0.018). During the treatment, the downward trend in viral load was different among eachIL28Brs1298075 genotype, especially in subgroup with a baseline HCV-RNA >106copies/ml (allP< 0.05). This study illustrated that the carriage ofIL28Brs12980275 AA had a positive effect on treatment response to pegIFN-α/RBV among Chinese CHC patients.
Der Einfluss der morphematischen Bewusstheit auf die Rechtschreibleistung
Authors: Kargl Reinhard , Wendtner Andrea , Purgstaller Christian , Fink Andreas
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl internationale Studien belegen, dass morphematisches Wissen eine Basiskompetenz im Schriftspracherwerb darstellt, liegen für den deutschsprachigen Raum kaum Befunde dazu vor. Da unter dem Terminus „morphematische Bewusstheit“ oft sehr unterschiedliche Kompetenzen subsumiert werden, herrscht hier noch große Unklarheit. In der Arbeit wird klar zwischen einer morphematischen Rechtschreibstrategie und der morphematischen Bewusstheit unterschieden. An der Querschnittstudie nahmen 1125 Kinder aus Österreich und Deutschland im Alter von 9 bis 13 Jahren (Schulstufe 4 bis 7) teil. Ein eigens entwickelter Satzergänzungstest erhebt die Leistungen in der morphematischen Bewusstheit durch Abwandlung von Pseudowörtern. Dies schließt einen Rückgriff auf lexikalisches Wissen aus. Anschließend wurde mit Hilfe einer zweifaktoriellen Kovarianzanalyse der Einfluss der morphematischen Bewusstheit auf die Rechtschreibleistung untersucht. Ein Vergleich der Leistungen in der morphematischen Bewusstheit zeigte, dass sich diese von der 4. bis zur 6. Schulstufe signifikant erhöhen, lediglich zwischen der 6. und 7. Schulstufe gab es keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede. Ebenso zeigen sich hohe Zusammenhänge der morphematischen Bewusstheit mit allgemeinen Rechtschreibkennwerten wie der Summe der richtig verschriftlichten Grapheme (r = .61) und der richtig verschriftlichten Wörter (r = .65) sowie mit der morphematischen Rechtschreibstrategie (r = .61) und der orthografischen Rechtschreibstrategie (r=.58).
An improved device with an affinity membrane to collect depth specific contamination free water for environmental assessment
Authors: Binod Kumar Sweta , Trivedi Hardik , Baraiya Narshibhai Rameshbhai , Haldar Soumya
Published: December 2017

The prime requirement for marine water studies is a competent sampling device that can collect water samples perfectly without any contamination to avoid false analysis.
Gd3+-Doped MoSe2 nanosheets used as a theranostic agent for bimodal imaging and highly efficient photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Pan Jiali , Zhu Xufeng , Chen Xu , Zhao Yingyu , Liu Jie
Published: December 2017

MoSe2(Gd3+)-PEG nanosheets with high stability and low toxicity used to achieve a MR/PA bimodal imaging monitoring super photothermal effect under NIR laser irradiation.
An in situ electron donor consumption strategy for photoelectrochemical biosensing of proteins based on ternary Bi2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 NT arrays
Authors: Wang Bing , Cao Jun-Tao , Dong Yu-Xiang , Liu Fu-Rao , Fu Xiao-Long , Ren Shu-Wei , Ma Shu-Hui , Liu Yan-Ming
Published: December 2017

An ascorbic acid oxidase–ascorbic acid bioevent-based electron donor consumption mode is introduced into the PEC bioassay for the first time.
Multiply “trapped” 3[trans-Pt(PR3)2(CCC6H4X)2]* conformers in rigid media
Authors: Marineau-Plante Gabriel , Juvenal Frank , Langlois Adam , Fortin Daniel , Soldera Armand , Harvey Pierre D.
Published: December 2017

The triplet emission exhibits multiple well-defined decays depending on the θ1 and θ2 values and environment in the crystal sites.
Screening polymorphism in a Ni(ii) metal–organic framework: experimental observations, Hirshfeld surface analyses and DFT studies
Authors: Seth Saikat Kumar , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: December 2017

A new polymorphic form of diaquaiminodiacetatonickel(ii) is structurally characterized by a detailed analysis of Hirshfeld surface and further analysed by DFT and QTAIM calculations.
Magnetic properties of stoichiometric and defective Co9S8
Authors: Fronzi Marco , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Stampfl Catherine , Ford Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Our theoretical investigation confirms the antiferromagnetic nature of pentlandite Co9S8 and predicts a change in the local magnetic properties upon sulfur vacancy formation.
Temperature dependent excited state dynamics in dual emissive CdSe nano-tetrapods
Authors: Banerjee Sucheta , Gupta Ashutosh , Srivastava Rohit , Datta Anindya
Published: December 2017

Excited state dynamics of dual emissive CdSe nano-tetrapods has been studied over several decades of time and broad range of temperature.
Dendritic polyelectrolytes revisited through the Poisson–Boltzmann–Flory theory and the Debye–Hückel approximation
Authors: Kłos J. S.
Published: December 2017

The conformational and electrostatic properties of a dendritic polyelectrolyte in equilibrium with a reservoir of monovalent salts are investigated using the Poisson–Boltzmann–Flory theory along with the Debye–Hückel approximation.
Ultrasonic assisted extraction of artemisinin from Artemisia Annua L. using monoether-based solvents
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Prawang Phongphat , Li Chunshan , Meng Xiangzhan , Zhao Yu , Wang Hui , Zhang Suojiang
Published: December 2017

An efficient and environmentally friendly process for artemisinin extraction using monoether as the solvent under ultrasonic irradiation has been developed.
Role of Dy3+ → Sm3+ energy transfer in the tuning of warm to cold white light emission in Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped Lu3Ga5O12 nano-garnets
Authors: Pamuluri Haritha , Rathaiah Mamilla , Linganna Kadathala , Jayasankar Chalicheemalapalli Kulala , Lavín Victor , Venkatramu Vemula
Published: December 2017

Nano-crystalline lutetium gallium garnets co-doped with Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions have been synthesized via a sol–gel method and their structural, morphological and luminescence properties have been characterized.
Carbon doping of hexagonal boron nitride porous materials toward CO2 capture
Authors: Chen Siru , Li Pan , Xu Shutao , Pan Xiulian , Fu Qiang , Bao Xinhe
Published: December 2017

Incorporation of carbon into BN porous materials (BCN) increases ultramicropores (<0.7 nm) and chemical defects, improving the CO2 capacity to 3.74–3.91 mmol CO2 g−1 at 298 K and ambient pressure.
Azo-linked high-nitrogen energetic materials
Authors: Qu Yanyang , Babailov Sergey P.
Published: December 2017

In this review, we document the most recent developments in azo-linked heteroaromatic (imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, triazine, tetrazine and oxadiazole) high-nitrogen energetic materials and their salts.
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus containing metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen production: progress and challenges
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: December 2017

This article critically reviews the progress and challenges in using metal-free photocatalysts made from carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus used for hydrogen production.
Role of GSK3β/α-synuclein axis in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
Authors: Li Lizeng , Chen Si , Wang Yue , Yue Xia , Xu Jingtao , Xie Weibing , Qiu Pingming , Liu Chao , Wang AiFeng , Wang Huijun
Published: December 2017

METH exposure activated GSK3β mediating tau and α-syn hyperphosphorylation, autophagy–lysosomal impairment, and α-syn accumulation and aggregation, causing METH neurotoxicity.
Extracellular vesicles as a target for the development of anti-helminth vaccines
Authors: Kifle Desalegn Woldeyohannes , Sotillo Javier , Pearson Mark S. , Loukas Alex
Published: December 2017

There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a universal feature of cellular life. More recently, EVs have been identified in a broad range of both unicellular and multicellular parasites where they play roles in parasite–parasite intercommunication as well as parasite–host interactions. Parasitic helminth-derived EVs traverse host target cell membranes whereupon they offload their molecular cargo — proteins, lipids, and genetic information such as mRNAs and miRNAs — which are thought to hijack the target cell and modulate its gene expression to promote parasite survival. As such, EVs represent a novel mechanism of intercellular communication that could be targeted for vaccine-mediated interruption, given the abundance of surface antigens expressed on helminth EVs, and the ability of antibodies to block their uptake by target cells. In this Perspective article, we review recent developments in the field of helminth-derived EVs and highlight their roles in helminth vaccine discovery and development.
The interactions of anthelmintic drugs with nicotinic receptors in parasitic nematodes
Authors: Wolstenholme Adrian J. , Neveu Cedric
Published: December 2017

Parasitic nematodes express a large number of distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and these in turn are the targets of many classes of anthelmintic drug. This complexity poses many challenges to the field, including sorting the exact subunit composition of each of the receptor subtypes and how much they vary between species. It is clear that the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans does not recapitulate the complexity of nicotinic pharmacology of many parasite species and data using this system may be misleading when applied to them. The number of different receptors may allow nematodes some plasticity which they can exploit to evolve resistance to a specific cholinergic drug; however, this may mean that combinations of cholinergic agents may be effective at sustainably controlling them. Resistance may involve the expression of truncated receptor subunits that affect the expression levels of the receptors via mechanisms that remain to be deciphered.
Genetic markers of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium spp. parasites
Authors: Sutherland Colin J.
Published: December 2017

The vast majority of malaria patients worldwide are currently treated with combination therapy comprising one of the artemisinin family of drugs, characterised by rapid action and short plasma half-life, co-formulated with a longer-lasting drug from the amino aryl-alcohol or quinoline families. There is now a widely perceived threat to treatment efficacy, as reduced susceptibility to rapid artemisinin clearance in vivo has become prevalent among populations of Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong subregion since 2008. In vitro and in vivo drug selection studies, heterologous cell expression experiments and genetic epidemiology have identified many candidate markers of reduced ring-stage susceptibility to artemisinin. Certain variants of the P. falciparum pfk13 gene, which encodes a kelch domain protein implicated in the unfolded protein response, are strongly associated with slow parasite clearance by artemisinin in the Mekong subregion. However, anomalies in the epidemiological association of pfk13 variants with true treatment failure in vivo and the curious cell-cycle stage specificity of this phenotype in vitro warrant exploration in some depth. Taken together, available data suggest that the emergence of P. falciparum expressing K13 variants has not yet precipitated a public health emergency. Alternative candidate markers of artemisinin susceptibility are also described, as K13-independent treatment failure has been observed in African P. falciparum and in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi.
Drug resistance in protozoan parasites
Authors: de Koning Harry P.
Published: December 2017

As with all other anti-infectives (antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, and anthelminthics), the limited arsenal of anti-protozoal drugs is being depleted by a combination of two factors: increasing drug resistance and the failure to replace old and often shamefully inadequate drugs, including those compromised by (cross)-resistance, through the development of new anti-parasitics. Both factors are equally to blame: a leaking bathtub may have plenty of water if the tap is left open; if not, it will soon be empty. Here, I will reflect on the factors that contribute to the drug resistance emergency that is unfolding around us, specifically resistance in protozoan parasites.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Indolines Using in situ Generated Allyl Boronic Species
Authors: Ley Steven , Pastre Julio , Forni José , Lau Shing-Hing , Poh Jian-Siang , Battilocchio Claudio
Published: December 2017

A new three-component coupling protocol for preparation of functionalized indolines, with a high degree of diastereoselectivity, has been developed. The protocol is based on the in situ homologation of vinyl boronic acids to allylboronic acids, using TMSCHN2 as carbon source, and subsequent coupling reaction with indoles to give 2-substituted indolines. The scope of the method was exemplified in several examples.
Practical and Scalable Synthesis of 7-Azetidin-1-yl-4-(hydroxy­methyl)coumarin: An Improved Photoremovable Group
Authors: Rivera-Fuentes Pablo , Bassolino Giovanni , Halabi Elias
Published: December 2017

7-Substituted 4-methylcoumarin derivatives are widely employed as photoprotecting groups in chemistry and biology. We have recently shown that the 7-azetidinylated version of this photocage releases carboxylic acids in aqueous solution more efficiently than the traditionally used 7-diethylamino variant. Here we present a robust and scalable route to prepare the 7-azetidinylated alcohol, a useful precursor for the photoprotection of a variety of leaving groups, and its use in the preparation of model phosphate, sulfonate, and carbamate derivatives.
Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft - Dr. Gerald Gaß löst Thomas Reumann als DKG-Präsident ab
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: December 2017

Stühlerücken an der Spitze der Deutschen Krankenhausgesellschaft: Zum ersten Januar 2018 übernimmt Dr. Gerald Gaß die Position des DKG-Präsidenten.
Arbeitsbelastung in der Pflege – ein Streitgespräch - Pflegekollaps oder gleichgebliebene Arbeitslast?
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: December 2017

Zwei Gesundheitsexperten diskutieren über die Arbeitsbelastung in der Pflege: Der eine hält sie für untragbar, der andere für konstant geblieben.
Mitarbeiterbindung - „Erst ankommen, dann durchstarten“
Authors: Klinke Carola , Teichmann Walter , Fandel-Meyer Tanja
Published: December 2017

Damit sich die jährlich mehr als 1 000 neuen Mitarbeiter schnell zurechtfinden, organisiert das Uniklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) jeden Monat spezielle Einführungstage. Unsere Autoren beschreiben, welche Idee hinter dem Projekt steht und warum sich der Aufwand lohnt.
Freies WLAN im Krankenhaus - Ein Trend, den man als Klinik mitgehen sollte?
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: December 2017

Unterhaltungsangebote wie Telefon, TV und Internet am Patientenbett sind für viele Krankenhäuser eine zusätzliche Einnahmequelle. Dennoch bieten einige Unikliniken diesen Service kostenlos an. Interessanterweise hat auch das mit monetären Erwägungen zu tun.