bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABOUT THE DISCOVERY OF PRAGUE GROSCHEN IN SUZDAL OPOLE
Authors: Горлов К.В. , Гайдуков П.Г.
Published: January 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию монетного комплекса, представленного четырьмя пражскими грошами эмиссии Вацлава IV, обнаруженного в окрестностях г. Гаврилов Посад Ивановской области в 1998 г. как случайная находка. На протяжении XIV столетия в границах Европы пражские гроши выполняли функцию международного средства расчета. Длительное время эти монеты использовались в качестве основной денежной единицы Великого княжества Литовского. Находки пражских грошей в пределах России в основном связаны именно с областями, некогда входившими в состав Литовского государства. Исключением является обнаружение чешской валюты в границах бывшей Новгородской республики, где она, согласно летописным текстам, с 1410 по 1420 г. использовалась в качестве официальной внутренней денежной единицы. Зарегистрированные в Суздальском Ополье пражские гроши являются самыми восточными на сегодняшний день находками таких монет в Европе. Их публикация расширяет представление о масштабах оборота грошей, выполнявших, вероятно, функцию торговой монеты и в русских княжествах.

This paper is devoted to studying the coin range, represented by four Prague groschens issued by Wenceslaus IV and discovered in 1998 as a chance archaeological finding in the vicinity of Gavrilov Posad, the Ivanovo Region. During the 14th century the Prague groschens functioned as an international means of payment within the borders of Europe. These coins had been used as the main currency of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for a long time. The Prague groschens found within the Russia borders are mainly connected with the areas which once had been a part of the Lithuanian state. The only exception is the discovery of Czech currency within the borders of the former Novgorod Republic, where, according to the chronicles, it was used as the official domestic currency from 1410 to 1420. The Prague groschens registered in Suzdal Opole have been the eastermost artefacts of such coins in Europe so far. Their publication expands the insight into the circulation scale of groschens, which probably performed the function of trade coins in the Russian Duchies as well.
BONE CROSSES-CALVES FROM THE MATERIALS OF EXCAVATIONS IN UGLICH
Authors: Томсинский С.В.
Published: January 2023

В статье представлены костяные крестики XV-XVI вв., обнаруженные на территории кремля и посада города Углича. Эти предметы личного благочестия могут быть признаны принадлежащими художественным традициям, исходившим из Троицкого Сергиева монастыря, активно проникавшим в Углич в период расцвета города как одного из важнейших уделов московских Рюриковичей. Московская и троицкая художественные традиции стали важнейшим компонентом сакрального искусства Углича.

The article presents bone crosses of the XV-XVI centuries found on the territory of the Kremlin and the town of Uglich. These items of personal piety can be recognized as belonging to the artistic traditions that came from the Trinity Sergius monastery, which actively penetrated Uglich during the heyday of the city as one of the most important destinies of the Moscow Rurikids. The Moscow and Trinity art traditions have become an important component of Uglich’s sacred art.
TURKISH CERAMICS OF THE XVI-XVII CENTURIES FROM EXCAVATIONS IN MUROM: RAMAN ANALYSIS OF GLAZES AND PIGMENTS
Authors: Абрамов Д.В. , Данилов О.В. , Хорьков К.С.
Published: January 2023

В статье представлены результаты рамановского анализа химического и структурного состава фрагментов импортного глазурованного кувшина из раскопок в Муроме. Исследованы кроющая глазурь и пигменты, использованные при его росписи. Полученные результаты позволяют объективно определить место и время изготовления находок (Изник, Турция, XVI в.). Выявлены характерные особенности такой керамики, которые могут позволить атрибутировать находки ее фрагментов на основе материалов, использованных в красках: уваровита в оливково-зеленом линейном орнаменте, силиката кобальта со структурой оливина в синем фоне, окрашенного карбонатом меди стекла (smalt) в бирюзовых элементах росписи, аморфного углерода и хромита железа со структурой шпинели в черных линиях. Белый ангоб содержит переходные структуры, образовавшиеся при обжиге керамики. Их наличие позволяет оценить температурный режим обработки изделий в средневековых мастерских Изника.

The article presents the results of Raman analysis of the chemical and structural composition of fragments of an imported glazed jug from excavations in Murom. The covering glaze and pigments that were used in its painting have been investigated. The obtained results make it possible to objectively determine the place and time of making the finds (Iznik, Turkey, 16th century). The revealed characteristic features of such ceramics can help to attribute the finds of its fragments based on the materials used in the paints. There are uvarovite in olive green linear ornament, cobalt silicate with olivine structure in a blue background, smalt colored with copper carbonate in turquoise elements of painting, amorphous carbon and iron chromite with a spinel structure in black lines. White engobe contains transitional structures formed during ceramic firing. Their presence makes it possible to estimate the temperature conditions of a products processing in Iznik’s medieval workshops.
THE NECROPOLIS OF THE ANCIENT TOWN OF VLADIMIR ON THE TERRITORY OF THE PATRIARCH’S GARDEN BASED ON THE RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN 2016-2017
Authors: Очеретина С.В. , Кабаев Д.А.
Published: January 2023

Статья освещает варианты погребального обряда городского некрополя древнего Владимира, обнаруженного и исследованного в ходе охранных археологических раскопок 2016-2017 гг. на территории учебного комплекса «Патриарший сад» г. Владимира. Могильник расположен на высоком мысу, образованном южным склоном левого берега р. Клязьма и склоном рельефной впадины, на которой находится сад. Древнее кладбище локализовано на площади не менее 1000 м². Захоронения располагались в три яруса. Поздние захоронения, зафиксированные в культурном слое, выполнены по христианскому погребальному обряду, их датировка - вторая половина XIII - XV в. Ранние захоронения XII - начала XIII в. выполнены в могильных ямах, впущенных в материк. В этих захоронениях при преобладании христианской обрядности встречены черты иных вариантов погребального обряда: захоронение в бересте, захоронение с ритуальным сосудом, захоронения иной пространственной ориентировки, кремация. Разнообразие элементов погребального обряда свидетельствует о сложном и продолжительном пути становления христианской погребальной обрядности. Вариативность погребального обряда представляет население древнего Владимира как общность выходцев с разных территорий, носивших различные культурные традиции.

The article highlights the funeral ceremony options of the ancient Vladimir necropolis discovered and researched during the protective archaeological excavations in 20162017 on the territory of the educational complex “The Patriarch’s garden” in Vladimir. The burial ground is located on a high promontory formed by the southern slope of the left bank of the Klyazma river and the slope of the relief depression where the garden is situated. The ancient cemetery is located on an area of at least 1000 m. Burials were located in 3 tiers. Later burials recorded in the cultural layer are made according to the christian burial ritual, it is dated by the second half of the XIII-XVth centuries. Early burials (XII-early XIIIth centuries) were made in burial pits let into the mainland. There are features of other funeral rite variants with the predominance of christian rites in these burials: burial in birch bark, burial with a ritual vessel, burial of a different spatial orientation, cremation. The variety of the funeral rite elements indicates the complex and long path of Christian funeral rites formation. The funeral rite variation represents the population of ancient Vladimir as a community of people from different territories who had different cultural traditions
Unusual Covalent Tethers for Precise Amino-Alcohol Syntheses: Ring Opening of Epoxides by Pendant Sulfamates and Sulfamides
Authors: Sathyamoorthi Shyam , Nagamalla Someshwar , Mague Joel
Published: January 2023

We describe the development of the first ring-opening of epoxides using pendant sulfamates and sulfamides. These reactions are promoted by base and proceed under mild conditions to afford oxathiazinanes and cyclic sulfamides with excellent diastereoselectivity and regiocontrol. The reactions scale well, and the products serve as synthons for ring-opening reactions.
Reaching the Fundamental Limitation in CO2 Reduction to CO with Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Chandra Sarma Saurav , Barrio Jesus , Bagger Alexander , Pedersen Angus , Gong Mengjun , Luo Hui , Wang Mengnan , Favero Silvia , Zhao Chang-Xin , Zhang Qiang , Kucernak Anthony , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Stephens Ifan
Published: January 2023

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to value-added chemicals with renewable electricity is a promising method to decarbonise parts of the chemical industry. Recently, single metal atoms in nitrogen-doped carbon (MNC) have emerged as potential electrocatalysts for CO2RR to CO with high activity and faradaic efficiency, although the reaction limitation for CO2RR to CO is unclear. To understand the comparison of intrinsic activity of different MNCs, we synthesized two catalysts through a decoupled two-step synthesis approach of high temperature pyrolysis and low temperature metalation (Fe or Ni). The highly meso-porous structure resulted in the highest reported electrochemical active site utilisation based on in situ nitrite stripping; up to 59±6% for NiNC. Ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the penta-coordinated nature of the active sites. The catalysts are amongst the most active in the literature for CO2 reduction to CO. Our density functional theory calculations (DFT) show that their binding to the reaction intermediates approximates to that of Au surfaces. However, we find that the TOFs of the most active catalysts for CO evolution converge, suggesting a fundamental ceiling to the catalytic rates.
Impact of nitrite-embedded packaging film on quality and sensory attributes of alternatively-cured and nitrite-free bologna
Authors: Cropp Michael , Tarté Rodrigo , Prusa Kenneth , Dickson James , Shaw Angela , Houser Terry , Crowley Rachel , Reever Leah , Sebranek Joseph
Published: January 2023

Nitrite-embedded film (NEF) was studied for its impact on quality attributes of alternatively-cured (with a natural source of nitrite from celery juice powder (AC)) bologna and nitrite-free bologna. The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of nitrite-embedded film (NEF) packaging following thermal processing of AC and nitrite-free bologna on quality attributes including lipid oxidation, instrumental color, pigment concentrations, and sensory properties such as cured meat flavor, aroma, and color. Three bologna formulations, each packaged with two packaging films were produced. A conventionally-cured control formulation (with nitrite from sodium nitrite; CON), a nitrite-free formulation (UCC), and an alternatively cured formulation (nitrite from cultured celery juice powder; AC) were packaged in conventional (CF) or nitrite-embedded (NEF) film. Instrumental a* values (measured during both light and dark storage at intervals of 7 or 14 days over 126 days of storage) and cured pigment concentration (measured at 14-day intervals over 84 days of storage) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the UCC-NEF treatment compared to its conventional film counterpart, UCC-CF. No significant differences (P > 0.05) for lipid oxidation (TBARS values) were observed with NEF. Trained sensory panelists, who evaluated samples at 14-day intervals over 70 days of storage, found significantly greater (P < 0.05) cured aroma, cured flavor, pink color and less off-flavor for uncured bologna packaged in NEF compared to conventional film. For the uncured bologna formulation, NEF packaging provided cured meat attributes comparable to the control formulation that included nitrite. This is the first time that cured aroma and cured flavor have been observed when nitrite from packaging film is added to heat-denatured (cooked) myoglobin in an anaerobic environment.
Analysis for models of interaction between road passenger transport operators
Authors: Lyubimov I. I. , Yakunin N. N. , Yakunina N. V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The authors consider the current models for the organization of urban passenger road transport, the structure of each of the models and their characteristics. The reason for writing the work was the poor study of the factors that determine the break-even transportation of passengers and, as a result, the construction on this basis of a system of interaction between transport authorities and transport operators. Thus, the purpose of the study is to create models of interaction between subjects and objects of passenger road transport. The working hypothesis of the study is to overcome the existing fragmentation of models through the development of additional blocks, the content of which is a scientifically based choice of models for the interaction of participants in the transport process in the system of passenger road transportation.

Methods and materials. Three existing models for organising the work of passenger road transport are analysed. Their influence on the economic efficiency and safety of the transport process is considered. The prerequisites for the creation of algorithms for the transition from one model to another and for evaluating their effectiveness are determined.

Results. According to the authors, this study will be useful for both the organizers of passenger road transport and carriers. From a practical point of view, this study will be useful to improve the efficiency and break-even of passenger road transport, as well as to maximize the ‘transparency’ of financial interaction between participants in this market.

Conclusions. Further direction of research on this topic will be carried out in the direction of developing a methodology for switching models between themselves, i.e. when and how it is expedient to apply one or another model of passenger road transportation.
Treatment of material surfaces with bacterial solutions to initiate the deposition of calcium carbonate. Review
Authors: Ilyina L. V. , Tatski L. N. , Dyakova K. S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Surface treatment plays an important role in protecting decorative stone and concrete from the effects of harmful environmental factors. To protect stone surfaces, dietary supplements in the form of carbonatogenic bacteria, the product of which is calcium carbonate, can be used.

Materials and methods. The selection and analysis of publications containing the results of research and experiments, which allow to draw conclusions about the feasibility of using bacterial solutions for surface treatment, has been carried out.

Conclusions. The formation of a layer of calcium carbonate on the surface of the material reduces gas permeability, reduces water absorption, increasing the durability of concrete. It was found that the surface treatment of cement stone with solutions containing cultures of urobacteria strengthens the surface layer of the stone, but does not restore its strength. It is important that the formed layer of calcium carbonate on the surface of the material does not clog its pores. The chemical and structural similarity between the processed material and the resulting carbonate compounds must be observed. The dosage of urea and calcium chloride should correspond to the number of bacterial cells, since excess components of the nutrient medium leads to their accumulation in the pores.
Stability of antenna support belts
Authors: Krasnoshchekov Yu. V. , Zapoleva M. Y.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article deals with the issues of stability of compressed belts of lattice construction, as systems in the form of continuous rods consisting of panel elements. Currently, the estimated length of compressed elements is established by design standards for calculating stability without taking into account variability due to the influence of numerous random and systemic factors. This approach does not encourage the improvement of design solutions, the quality of their execution and the control of the structure. And most importantly, it does not allow to realize the reserves of the bearing capacity of structures laid down by the norms. The purpose of this study is to identify and substantiate the reserves of the bearing capacity of antenna supports of a lattice structure according to the criterion of stability of compressed belts.

Materials and methods. It is shown that the values of the calculated length coefficient are set by norms with a margin, due, in particular, to ensuring the reliability of structural systems of compressible elements. It is proposed to consider the estimated length of compressed elements as a random variable. The problem of probabilistic estimation of the free (calculated) length of a centrally compressed element as a parameter of the critical force of loss of stability is solved. The possible normative and calculated values of the calculated length coefficient are given, ensuring the reliability of the calculation of compressed antenna support belts, adopted in the current design standards. To assess the variability of stability indicators, the task is to conduct experimental studies, in particular, with the measurement of vibration frequencies of full-scale structures. By controlling the variability indicators of the calculated length coefficient, it is possible to regulate not only reliability, but also the load-bearing capacity reserves provided for by design standards.

Conclusions. The proposed approach to the calculation of stability allows to control the calculated values of the calculated length coefficient by controlling statistical variability (coefficient of variation). If there are available methods for measuring indicators, the approach described in the article to calculating compressed elements for stability can be an effective means and tool for improving design solutions, the quality of their execution and control of the structure.
It’s adu penalti man!: Understanding the translingual practices of an Indonesian family living in the US
Authors: Zakaria Faishal
Published: January 2023

This study examines the kinds of translingual negotiation strategies practiced by an Indonesian family living in the US. This study involved a father and son, natives of Indonesia, who had been in the US for many years. The father and son usually mix and mesh English, Indonesian, and Javanese when communicating. Two kinds of data were collected; the daily talks between the father and son were audiotaped, and follow-up interviews with the father and member checking were used to triangulate the data. The data reveals that the father and son indeed practiced Canagajarah’s (2013b) four translingual negotiation strategies: invoicing, recontextualization, interactional, and entextualization. Additionally, the interview reveals some of the father’s goals with his son’s language learning and literacy in their mother tongue. DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v7i2.8990
Documentary Film Creation “Impact of Kanta River Water Pollution on Conditions Social Economic Citizens Around The Estuary of Drainage”
Authors: Agustina Wiji Luluk , Anjarsari Vici Tiara
Published: January 2023

The Kanta River flows in Pujon District and Ngantang District. This river water is used for irrigation, livestock sanitation, and the main source of water for hydropower plants and tourist water sources of the Selorejo Reservoir. The high role of this river water is apparently not realized so that residents use the Sunga Kanta watershed as a place to dispose of garbage and sewage. The current water condition of the Kanta River is quite poor and the settlement around the Selorejo Reservoir as a drainage estuary is the most affected area. The author responds to this water pollution problem in a film with the title "The Impact of Canta River Water Pollution on the Socioeconomic Conditions of Residents Around the Drainage Estuary". The documentary genre is an option because according to the character of this film, which presents facts according to reality, it is actually considered capable of accommodating the message of the film. The film narrative is prepared based on research data that has been analyzed descriptively and obtained by three data collection methods which include observation, literature study, and interviews. Films are shown publicly so that the message of the film can be widely accepted by citizens. In the end, this documentary is expected to be able to give birth to awareness to jointly maintain the water ecosystem, especially rivers.
Mail Management Information System on The Institute of Research and Community Services of Islamic State University (LP2M UIN) Salatiga
Authors: Syujak Ahmad Rois
Published: January 2023

Lecturers who apply for letters related to research and service to the community often have difficulty filing letters and take a long time. This is because the institute of research and community services of State Islamic University (LP2M UIN) Salatiga does not have a system to manage mail messages that are systematized and can be accessed quickly. The need to find a way to solve existing problems by providing a mail management information system (ESurat) program that can be used to handle the writing letter process carried out by lecturers. The Web-based mail management information system (ESurat) is a way to handle letter submissions by professors so that professors can obtain mail faster and be developed using waterfall methods. Using PHP programming languages, MySQL databases and CodeIgniter frameworks in the construction of a web-based mail management information system (ESurat). The research results that the application can be used to handle the letter submission process carried out by UIN Salatiga lecturers managed by the institute of research and community services of State Islamic University (LP2M UIN) Salatiga.
Effects of Sensory Integration and Manipulation Activities on Postural Control and Eye-Hand Coordination in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors:   The Korean Society of Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise, Oh Ji-Hyeun , Ahn Si-Nae
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sensory integration and manipulation activities on eye-hand coordination and postural control in children with Down syndrome.
The study subjects were 6-year-old children who were diagnosed with Down syndrome and showed overall developmental delays. As an intervention, sensory integration and manipulation activity protocols were implemented in a total of 10 sessions of 60 min once a week. A shortened version of the Bruninks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) was used to measure children's motor abilities, a grooved pegboard was used to evaluate coordination abilities, and sensory processing abilities were evaluated using a Sensory Profile.
For motor ability, 0 points were received for all items in the pre-assessment, but 1 point was obtained in the origami item and 1 point in the walking along the line item, showing a change of 2 points in the total score. In terms of coordination ability, the subject was able to place all 10 pins in 10 min for the left hand and 5 min 16 s for the right hand, which improved compared to the pre-evaluation. In sensory processing, the overall score was lower in the post-evaluation than in the pre-evaluation.
By applying sensory integration and manipulation activities to children with Down syndrome, our findings suggest that they had a positive effect on eye-hand coordination and postural control.
Kejadian nematodosis gastrointestinal pada monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata LPPM IPB
Authors: Rosyid Bahaudien , Darusman Huda Shalahudin , Retnani Elok Budi
Published: January 2023

Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) sering digunakan sebagai hewan model dalam penelitian biomedis. Nematodosis umum ditemukan pada kelompok primata yang bukan manusia atau non-human primate. Nematodosis gastrointestinal dapat memengaruhi hasil penelitian atau berpotensi sebagai sumber penularan ke manusia (zoonosis). Penelitian bertujuan melakukan identifikasi tipe, menghitung tingkat kejadian dan derajat infeksi kecacingan nematoda gastrointestinal pada monyet ekor panjang di kandang penangkaran Pusat Studi Satwa Primata, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat IPB (PSSP LPPM IPB) serta membandingkan dua metode pemeriksaan kuantitatif McMaster dan Kato-Katz. Sampel feses dari 24 ekor monyet ekor panjang diperiksa menggunakan metode flotasi sederhana, yaitu McMaster dan Kato-Katz. Sembilan (37,5%) dari 24 sampel terinfeksi oleh trichurid (20,8%), ascarid (12,5%), dan strongylid (4,2%), masing-masing dengan rataan derajat infeksi 833,3 ± 923,8; 32 ± 27,7; dan 12 ± 17 telur tiap gram tinja (TTGT). Tingkat infeksi namatodosis pada monyet ekor panjang berdasarkan kelompok umur dan jenis kelamin berturut-turut adalah pada bayi 50%, anak 50%, remaja 16,7%, dewasa 33,3%, jantan 33,3%, dan betina 41,7%.  Tingkat kejadian dan derajat infeksi nematodosis gastrointestinal pada monyet ekor panjang menunjukkan kategori sedang hingga rendah. Hasil ini dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam manajemen pemeliharaan, penelitian biomedis, dan mitigasi risiko potensi penularan ke manusia.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA PROPAGANDA NO PAPEL CONSUMISTA DOS JOVENS DE CATOLÉ DO ROCHA - PB
Authors:   , Freitas Raynan Veras de
Published: January 2023

Com intermédio das redes sociais, as propagandas são utilizadas a todo momento para atrair e influenciar as pessoas para tal marca ou produto. Os jovens, em meio a todo o cenário virtual, são os mais propícios a serem afetados pelas diferentes formas de divulgação, tendo em vista a quantidade de horas que esse grupo de indivíduos passam diariamente nas redes sociais. Entretanto, as inúmeras técnicas de persuasão utilizadas nas propagandas, podem desencadear um mal terrível no quesito compras on-line entre os jovens, uma vez que as marcas adotam tais habilidades persuasivas para fins totalmente comerciais. O consumismo é presenciado cada vez mais no cenário mundial nos últimos tempos, sendo uma consequência dos efeitos negativos das propagandas que acabam por influenciar e afetar o comportamento dos jovens em frente as redes sociais. A partir disso, foi elaborado uma pesquisa explicativa, com caráter quantitativo para identificar aspectos como: (a) o conhecimento do termo consumismo, (b) o comportamento familiar consumista, (c) tempo gasto pelos jovens nas redes sociais, e (d) o emocional como um forte papel decisivo no ato de compras desnecessárias nas redes sociais. A pesquisa foi aplicada através do formulário, com a característica do universo sendo os jovens com faixa etária entre 16 e 27 anos, com 31 participantes ao todo. Desse modo, os resultados obtidos foram transformados em gráficos que possibilitaram a interpretação de cada uma das informações. Um dos primeiros questionamentos nos possibilitou tirar a conclusão de que as pessoas do sexo feminino estão mais dispostas em participar desse tipo de pesquisa explicativa. Ademais, outra indagação referente ao conhecimento do termo consumismo foi o suficiente para sabermos que muitas pessoas conhecem o real significado da palavra, mas ainda assim possuem comportamentos que condizem com a definição do termo. Além disso, questionar sobre a quantidade de tempo gasto nas redes sociais pelos indivíduos diariamente nos levou a interpretar que isso favorece para que as pessoas tenham contato com um número maior de propagandas durante o uso das redes. No fim, todos os objetivos específicos pautados de análise se concretizaram, sendo um deles, a forma que o comportamento consumista dos pais ou familiares acaba se refletindo de maneira idêntica aos filhos ou jovens do mesmo ciclo de convivência. Entretanto, novas sugestões de pesquisas foram feitas para entender melhor o papel das empresas na elaboração as propagandas que influenciam no comportamento consumista dos jovens.
Relationship of modular learning modality to the students’ mathematics performance in the new normal environment
Authors: Crodua Jovito Jr. Balansag
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted to determine the relationship of modular learning modality on students’ mathematics performance in the new normal environment in the secondary schools in Governor Generoso North District. The study applied a quantitative and descriptive causal-correlational research design. Complete enumeration was employed which comprised of 322 grade 11 students. Adapted and modified survey–questionnaire was utilized to gather information which was validated by the experts and had undergone pilot testing to assure validity and reliability. Results revealed that the respondents agreed to the extent of usage of the modular learning modality while their mathematics performance was described as satisfactory. Findings also revealed that there are differences in the usage level of modular learning modality across the demographic profiles of the respondents. Learning outcomes, capturing students’ interest in learning and perceived solutions to learning difficulties were found to have a significant relationship to students’ mathematics performance and modular learning modality is positively and significantly related to the students’ mathematics performance. Furthermore, content format and optimal course to learn were the factors that can best predict students’ mathematics performance. It is recommended to look for and study the best strategies that will answer the relationship presented in this study. It is also suggested to conduct comprehensive review of the modular learning materials, venture on the implementation of other learning modalities, and to do additional intervention activities in the learning process during this new normal environment.
The question of "Mind-sets" and AI: Cultural origins and limits of the current AI Ethical AIs and Cultural Pluralism
Authors: Amershi Badrudin
Published: January 2023

The current process of scientific and technological development is the outcome of the epochal Cultural Revolution in the West: i.e. the emergence of the Age of Enlightenment and its pursuit of "rationality". Today, "rationality" combined with "logic" has mutated into a "strong belief" in the power of rationality and "computational processes" as a 'safer' and only way to acquire knowledge. This is the main driving force behind the emergence of AI. At the core of this mind-set is the fundamental duality of the observer and the observed. After the imperial expansion of Western Europe – in alliance with religion, its previous foe (“Christianity”) – this world-view became the globally dominant mind-set. The paper explores the dominant narrative of rationality and reason of Western science, and seeks an alternative world of cultural diversity.
3D Simulation of Battery Fire on a Large Steel Frame Structure due to Depleted Battery Piles
Authors: Braxtan Nicole , Nunez Jorge , Chen Shenen , Zhao Tiefu , Harris Lynn , Cook Dave
Published: January 2023

Lithium ion batteries (LIB) can rupture and result in thermal runaway and battery fires. In the process of transporting lithium ion batteries using trains, the massive collection of batteries can cause train fire and pose significant danger to the public. This is especially critical when the fire occurs amid a heavily populated metropolitan environment. This paper reports the 3D analysis of a warehouse with possible train fire due to LIB rupture and the fire propagation at a rail yard. Six critical fire cases with the battery train in close vicinity to the warehouse were considered. The six fire cases are the worst-case scenarios of a Monte Carlo simulation of different fire cases that may occur to an actual steel storage facility at the Capital Railyard, Raleigh, North Carolina. A 3D finite element (FE) frame model was constructed for the steel warehouse and the most critical fire cases were simulated. The results indicated that several structural components of the warehouse would experience large stresses and deflections during the simulated battery fires and resulting in instability to the structure. Specifically, members of the roof frame represent the most critical elements and that the members can result in large deformations as early as 4 minutes after the fire starts. Furthermore, effective utilization of fire protection can delay somewhat the fire effects and extend time to failure to 45 minutes and in one of the simulated cases, prevent structural instability. Thus, fire from LIB waste transport using train is a very realistic problem due to the thermal runaway, and the analysis performed in current study can be used as a preventive investigation technique for buildings that may be exposed to the train fire risk.
Stress Assignments of Loanwords among Nigerian Speakers of English
Authors: Amoniyan Oluwasegun Matthew , Oladipo Abiola , OGUNKA Odilia Ifeanyichukwu
Published: January 2023

Nigerian English like a variety of world Englishes has received scholarly investigations at the segmental and suprasegmental levels. At the suprasegmental level, studies on the major varieties of Nigerian English have identified the characteristic nature of stress assignment and interactions, but little or no research has explored stress assignment on loanwords in Nigerian English. The study examines the stress placements on loanwords among educated Igbo and Yoruba speakers of English. A well-prepared text was read by sixty (60) educated Igbo and Yoruba speakers of English, and Daniel Jones’ 8th Edition Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary served as a baseline. The study uses Praat 6.0 to ascertain the degree of prominence of each syllable in the tokens among the respondents (dependent and control). The samples are analyzed using the metrical theory of stress for theoretical relevance (Liberman, 1975).[19] Findings revealed that the stress patterns of educated Igbo and Yoruba speakers of English in loanwords are 65% and 70% (respectively) closer to British English (hence, BrE). The study showed that educated Igbo and Yoruba speakers of English preferably stress the second syllable regardless of what is obtainable among the native speakers.
Butterfly Diversity in Relation to Human-Impact Gradient in Outskirts of Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mollah Kaiyum Baskh , Mandal Sudipta
Published: January 2023

Anthropogenic activities may affect species diversity and community structure. Butterfly species diversity in relation to human-impact gradient was evaluated in the Baruipur subdivision, outskirts of Kolkata metropolis, West Bengal, India as a model geographic area. Four study sites situated in bird sanctuaries, rural, suburban and urban areas with different levels of anthropogenic disturbances were selected to assess the human impact on butterfly diversity. A total of 80 butterfly species were recorded during the entire study period with the sanctuary (with minimal anthropogenic disturbance) showing the highest species richness (73) followed by rural (62), suburban (54) and urban (36) study sites indicating a strong negative impact of anthropogenic disturbance on butterfly species diversity. Butterfly species diversity varied significantly among different habitats (p ˂ 0.001). The relative abundance of butterflies also varied seasonally. It is apparent that the area under the present study is able to sustain diverse butterfly species provided natural habitats are protected from anthropogenic disturbances and steps are taken to increase urban greenery to support butterfly diversity and consequent ecosystem services.
A critical analysis of collision dynamics pertaining to aluminum micro particles on aluminium 6061 alloy substrate in cold spray additive manufacturing process
Authors: Suhail Nazir Wani  , Munish Baboria
Published: January 2023

Cold spray (CS) is a form of additive manufacturing process, involving the accumulation of ductile metal micro particles to create new surface coatings or free-standing structures. Metallic particles are accelerated through a gas stream, experience a high-strain-rate microscopic ballistic collisions against a target substrate. It yields tremendous amounts of kinetic energy from extreme plastic deformation of the particles and substrate. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of aluminium micro-particles during the collision is analysed using micro-ballistic method. Aluminum 6061 alloy particles, approximately 20 μm in diameter, impact and rebound off aluminum 6061 alloy substrate target surface over a broad range of surrounding temperatures and impact velocities. This, in turn, can provide insight into the underlying material science behind the cold spray process.
Discussion based on the Copyright Law about When the Artist Controverts the Decision on Artwork’s Authenticity: Focusing on the Artist’s Disavowal Cases
Authors:   Korea Copyright Commission, Kim Yunsoo
Published: January 2023

Cases that the artists denied the works which were known to be their own works (i. e. forgery cases) have been raised for a long time. Also, there were cases that the artist voluntarily acknowledged a forgery as the authentic work of the artist. There are various reasons why artists carry through their arguments that contradict the facts and court’s decision of the authenticity of the artwork in issue; to defend the artist's own social honor or subjective honor, or to strongly express the artist’s favor on the usage or ownership of the work, or due to some other interest matters related the work, etc. There are two types of artists’ disavowal; (1) the artist’s denial of the fact that the artist oneself created the work (i.e. usually meaning the 'forgery'); (2) the artist’s announcement that the artwork is no longer his or her work based on some incidents (damage, alteration of the work, or consumption and usage of the work that the artist did not want, etc.) to prevent further attribution of the artist’s name on the work or transaction of the work. When the dispute over the forgery of a work or the legality of an artist’s disavowal of a work rises, the artwork’s price in the market might go extremely unstable or it could be excluded from the auction. Moreover, not only the author but also the various parties such as the dealer, gallery owner, collector, or owner of the artwork can file lawsuits involving diverse issues like infringement of the artist’s right to attribution or right to integrity, or breach of contract issues, etc. The court reviews the claims of the parties, expert opinions, and the evidence of facts relevant to the work. Factual evidence of the art transaction and the artist’s history tends to play a great role in the court’s decision. However, if the parties continue to adhere to their stance despite the authentication results or the court decision, it causes various problems in the art market. This paper tries to find a way to protect both the freedom of trade and the safety of trade while respecting the various parties’ interests, the opinions of the art professionals, and the decision of the judiciary. In addition, this paper covers the methods of attributing the author and indicating artwork’s information during controversies, and ideas for drafting the contract and legal documents for such cases.
A Study on the Protection of Generative Art
Authors:   Korea Copyright Commission, Lee Hyunjeong , Bae Daeheon
Published: January 2023

‘Generative Art’ is a artistic work in which some or all of the work is produced using an autonomous system programmed with algorithms; it is a field of Digital Art. This art form has existed for years, but works were not properly evaluated since it is difficult to prove what is original. However, with the advent of Non-Fungible Tokens(NFTs), the original can now be verified, and thus this art form has achieved rapid growth over the last few years. This study examined whether Generative Art can be protected by the current Copyright Act. To this end, it classified Generative Art creation based on the level of contribution by human into four different types. 1)A type in which humans create works using software, 2)a type in which humans create parts and combine them with algorithms, 3)a type in which works are created with mathematical functions, and 4)a type in which works are created using Artificial Intelligence(AI). This study also sought ways to protect works created by AI, which are not protected under the current Copyright Act. In addition, it examined how to protect Generative Art by reviewing whether the exemption provisions of Online Service Providers(OSP) can be applied when a violated work is traded on an NFT platform.
Teodise dan Covid-19
Authors: Mali Mateus
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Covid-19 pandemic has created human’s suffering. Human suffering itself has evoked many questions about God's omniscience and omnipotence, which are often known as theodicy problem. This paper is an attempt to account for God's ways of human suffering. The method used in this study was a literature study by conducting a reflective analysis of several philosophers and theologians' thoughts. The results of this study showed that faith in Jesus Christ enables people to accept suffering positively. Suffering can bring to awareness of human limitations, awareness that suffering can be turned into strength, raise a sense of optimism for a better future, and awaken solidarity.Abstrak. Pandemi Covid-19 telah membuat manusia menderita. Penderitaan manusia itu sendiri telah mengundang banyak pertanyaan terhadap kemahatahuan dan kemahakuasaan Allah, yang sering dikenal dengan persoalan teodise. Tulisan ini adalah sebuah usaha untuk mempertanggungjawabkan jalan-jalan Tuhan atas penderitaan manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi literatur dengan melakukan analisis reflektif dari beberapa pemikiran filsuf dan teolog. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa iman kepada Yesus Kristus membuat orang dapat menerima penderitaan secara positif. Penderitaan dapat mengajarkan kesadaran akan keterbatasan manusiawi, kesadaran bahwa penderitaan dapat diubah menjadi kekuatan, bangkitnya rasa optimis akan masa depan yang lebih baik, dan bangkitnya solidaritas.
Torture, Structural Violence and Migration
Authors: Perocco Fabio
Published: January 2023

This essay highlights that torture has become a structural element of the migratory experience in most of the world, especially as a result of the worsening of the conditions of migration and the torture crisis. Considering several contexts (Central America-US, Balkans, North Africa), this essay examines the factors underlying such processes and points out that mistreatment of migrants is related to the tightening of migration policies and the escalation of institutional racism, which – with securitisation policies, politics of fear, hyper-detention, theories on the criminal law of the enemy – favour contexts permeable to violence towards migrants.
Torturing Environments and Migration
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau , Galán-Santamarina Andrea , Manek Julia
Published: January 2023

The concept of Torturing Environments allows a better understanding of migration detention spaces and the impacts they have on people on the move. This chapter analyses the conditions and impacts derived from them, in spaces located in different border areas: Mexico (N=57), Greece (N=160) and Spain (N=110). The results indicate that the spaces analysed could be considered as torturing environments which generate tear and wear on people on the move. These spaces do not represent isolated cases but are examples of how migration policies use detention as part of a deterrence policy.
Legal Construction against Customer Deposit Protection as a Result Liquidity of PT Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Mustika Utama Kolaka
Authors: Diab Ashadi L. , Darwis Rizal , Zubair Asni , Selamita Sitti
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the protection of customer deposits of PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR, rural bank) Mustika Utama Kolaka. This type of research is descriptive and qualitative with data collection methods using observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data is categorized into primary data and secondary data, processed and analyzed through data reduction steps, data presentation, and conclusion drawing with an analytical descriptive approach. The results showed that the procedure carried out by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in the process of expiring PT. BPR Mustika Utama Kolaka's license was to carry out direct and indirect supervision of the bank. OJK after declaring its business license revoked, the handling of customer deposit protection is carried out based on the procedures established by the Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation (IDIC) by referring to Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority. On the other hand, in terms of the legal construction of conflict resolution between customers and the bank, it prioritizes steps to acculturate local wisdom and actualize legal culture in the local community.
Scale development and validation study on the using YouTube as a learning environment in secondary education according to the technology acceptance model
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey, Doğan Fatih
Published: January 2023

In today's technologies, in line with the needs of the age, social platforms have taken their place in education with increasing importance day by day. Especially in the pandemic process, which requires distance education, the tendency to social media has increased. Therefore, the attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of YouTube for learning purposes have gained importance. For this reason, it is aimed to develop the YouTube Usage Scale (YUS), which can be used to determine secondary school students' attitudes toward YouTube use. Thus, in the study, it was foreseen to determine the behavioral intentions of secondary school students to use YouTube as a Learning Resource and to reveal the factors affecting this behavioral intention. The research population consists of all secondary school students studying in the Malazgirt district of Muş province, located in the eastern part of Turkey, in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study is represented by 644 students selected by the random sampling method. The content validity of the YUS was provided by expert opinion. The construct validity was validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For content validity, a 47-item draft YUS was submitted to the opinion of a group of 14 experts in the field. The content validity of the 42-item YUS was ensured. In the construct validity studies of YUS, EFA was performed with a total of 644 secondary school students studying in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades. CFA was carried out with the participation of 311 secondary school students excluding the EFA sample group. EFA showed that YUS consisted of 4 sub-dimensions and 25 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.91 in the reliability analysis of YUS. Also, in reliability studies, it was determined that the subscales had summability and no response bias. The fit-order between the four-factor structure determined as a result of EFA and the sample data was examined using the AMOS 24.0 program within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). First- and second-order confirmatory analysis models were used in the data-model fit calculations. As a result of the study, the validity and reliability of the 24-items YUS scale were produced. Thus, the structures explaining the behavioral factors of secondary school students were defined, and the relationship of these structures with other factors was determined.