bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of PPAR γ and TRHR Gene Variations, with Metabolic Factors in Diabetic and Obesity Individuals in the Population; An Investigation Study
Authors: AKTAŞ VEDAT , DURAK ŞERMİN , SEZGİN SAADET BÜŞRA AKSOYER , ÇELİK FARUK , DIRAMALI MURAT , ÖZYAVUZ MUSTAFA KEREM , GÜROL ALİ OSMAN , ERGEN HAYRİYE ARZU , ZEYBEK ŞAKİR ÜMİT
Published: October 2024

Obesity, a global pandemic with multiple causes, significantly impacts physical health. Factors such as genetics, ethnicity, physical inactivity, excessive calorie intake, stress, and socioeconomic status contribute to the development of metabolic disorders like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. This study was designed to examine the genotype differences of PPAR γ (rs1801282) and TRHR (rs16892496) polymorphisms known to be associated with obesity in different populations and to determine the role of these variants in the etiology of obesity in the Turkish population. Genotyping of rs1801282 and rs16892496 polymorphisms were conducted by using the Real Time-PCR in study group which consists of 160 patients with diabetes and obesity and 79 healty controls. Upon analyzing the relationship between genotypes and metabolic parameters, individuals with GG genotype showed significantly different BMI values compared to individuals with CC and CG genotypes in the non-diabetic obese group, indicating the possible effect of GG genotype on obesity severity (p = 0,008). In the control group individuals carrying C allele exhibited levels of HDL cholesterol compared to G allele carriers with statistical significance observed (p = 0.034). Analyzing the relationship between genotypes and metabolic parameters we observed that BMI values of A allele carriers in the control group were notably lower than those of C allele carriers with a difference (p = 0.026). These results underscore the significance of influences in obesity and diabetes pathogenesis indicating roles for PPAR γ and TRHR genes in these conditions development. Nonetheless further research, with more diverse samples is necessary to comprehend these connections.
Phylogenetic and Population Genetic Analysis of Arunachali Yak (Bos grunniens) Using Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Region
Authors: Pukhrambam Martina , Dutta Atrayee , Das Pranab Jyoti , Chanda Anesha , Sarkar Mihir
Published: October 2024

Background
The Arunachali yak (Bos grunniens) is an important breed native to the northeastern Himalayas of India. Understanding its genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships with other bovine species is crucial for effective conservation and breeding strategies. This study investigates the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of Arunachali yak and compares it with other bovines to elucidate these relationships.
Methods
We collected blood samples from 18 Arunachali yak individuals and isolated genomic DNA. The partial mtDNA D-loop region was amplified using PCR and sequenced. Sequences were compared with those from Bos frontalis, Bos gaurus, Bos indicus, Bubalus bubalis, and Capra hircus available in GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed through Neighbor-Joining trees and median-joining networks. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality tests were applied to evaluate population genetic characteristics.
Results
Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clades, with Arunachali yak clustering closely with Bos indicus, and forming a separate branch from other bovine species. Median-joining networks revealed six haplogroups, with Arunachali yak uniquely representing Hap_3. Genetic diversity analysis showed no polymorphism within Arunachali yak, indicating very low genetic variation in the selected animal samples. AMOVA demonstrated significant genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.30053, P < 0.001), with a substantial portion of variation occurring within populations.
Conclusions
The Arunachali yak exhibits a close genetic relationship with Bos indicus, reflecting recent divergence. The study underscores the distinct genetic profile of Arunachali yak and highlights its limited genetic variability. These findings enhance our understanding of bovine evolutionary relationships and emphasize the need for targeted conservation measures to preserve the genetic integrity of Arunachali yak.
An Epidemiologic Surveillance Study Based on Wastewater and Respiratory Specimens Reveals Influenza A Virus Prevalence and Mutations in Taiyuan, China during 2023-2024
Authors: Zhao Lifeng , Xu Jihong , Guo Jiane , Zhang Ping , Guo Xiaofang , Zuo Zhihong , Gao Li , Jia Zhao , Xue Puna , Wang Jitao
Published: October 2024

Background
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We aim to use epidemiology based on wastewater and respiratory specimens to understand the occurrence of influenza A virus infections in Taiyuan city.
Methods
A retrospective epidemiology surveillance was carried out at a designated hospital and five wastewater treatment plants in Taiyuan city from 2023 to 2024. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect influenza A viruses in wastewater and respiratory specimens. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 17 influenza strains obtained in this study, and subsequent analyses included characterization, phylogenetic construction, mutation analysis, and nucleotide diversity assessment.
Results
A total of 520 wastewater samples and 1,203 throat swab samples were collected. We detected RNA concentration from pH1N1 and H3N2 viruses in wastewater and got 17 genome sequences (5 of pH1N1 and 12 of H3N2) in respiratory specimens. Whole-genome sequencing showed co-prevalence of pH1N1 viruses in the branches of 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 and H3N2 viruses in the branches of 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.a in Taiyuan from 2023 to 2024. Moreover, a HA mutation (N138D), predicted to be of high phenotypic consequence, was found in 8 Taiyuan H3N2 sequences.
Conclusion
This study highlights the predominant presence of pH1N1 and H3N2 strains in Taiyuan. The analysis also identified amino acid site variations in the antigenic epitopes, contributing to immune escape.
Novel flavonoid derivatives containing benzothiazole as potential antiviral agents: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Tian Jiao , Hu Chunmei , Wang Yuhong , Zhou Qing , Luo Xingping , Li Jieyu , Pu Haotao , Liu Da , Xue Wei
Published: October 2024

A series of flavonol derivatives containing benzothiazole were designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were characterized by NMR and HRMS. The results of the bioactivity assay showed that some of the target compounds possessed outstanding in vivo antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Among them, the median effective concentration (EC50) of L20 was 90.5 µg/mL for curative activities against TMV, which was better than that of ningnanmycin (NNM: 252.0 µg/mL). The microcalorimetric thermophoresis (MST) and molecular docking experiments showed that L20 had a strong binding ability with TMV-CP; the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase assay (SOD) activity measurements also fully confirmed that L20 stimulated the plant immune system and strengthened the plant's resistance to diseases by lowering the MDA content and increasing the SOD activity. In addition, the chlorophyll content test experiment found that L20 could reduce the destructive effect of viruses on chloroplasts, increase the content of chlorophyll, and promote photosynthesis. In conclusion, above experimental results suggested that flavonol derivatives containing benzothiazole could be further investigated as new plant virus antiviral drugs.
Unraveling the proton transfer of cellulose dissolution in aqueous NaOH/Urea solution: insights from thermodynamics by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Cao Wenze , Wu Jinghua , Chen Yu , Ye Jierui , Zhou Lingfeng , Fan Xiaojing , Li Yiwei , Li Jingyu
Published: October 2024

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) plays a crucial role in the coordination structure and enthalpy contribution of cellulose dissolution. This paper utilized classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to reveal that NaOH mainly bound to the cellulose chain through electrostatic interaction, which reduced the electrostatic interaction between cellulose and water, but increased the London dispersion interactions between water and cellulose. In addition, the mixing of NaOH solution and cellulose solution was an exothermic process, with the largest contribution coming from cellulose and hydroxide ions (OH−). NaOH also affected the free energy change by reducing the enthalpy change of the system. The hydroxyl group at the C2 losed protons, "temporarily" transforming the molecular chain into a polyelectrolyte. Subsequently, protons were recaptured from the surrounding water molecules to achieve the diffusion of OH− around cellulose. This "activation" phenomenon involving deprotonation followed by reduction can provide additional "reaction enthalpy" for the dissolution of cellulose and increase the free energy of dissolution. With regard to Na+, it complexed with three oxygen atoms (O3, O5 and O6) near the glycosidic bond of cellulose simultaneously, and additionally complexes with around 3 water molecules. The total oxygen coordination number of Na+ on the surface of the cellulose chain was 0.2 more than that of Na+ in the bulk phase, leading to a certain enthalpy reduction effect. This study highlights that the enthalpy effect of NaOH may be a key step in the low-temperature dissolution of cellulose using NaOH solvent, and it may also be a necessary step in the cellulose derivatization reaction process.
Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Achieved After Fertility Treatments with and without Diet-Controlled GDM
Authors: Karen Baraah Abu , Steiner Naama , Rotem Reut , Baumfeld Yael , Weintraub Adi Y. , Eshkoli Tamar
Published: October 2024

Objective:To evaluate the rates of adverse perinatal outcomes among women who conceived after fertility treatments with and without diet-controlled GDM.
Methods: In this retrospective population-based cohort study, all pregnancies of non-diabetic and diet-controlled GDM women who conceived after fertility treatments (in-vitro fertilization - IVF and ovulation induction - OI) and delivered between the years 1996-2016 in a tertiary medical center, were included. Pregnancies of women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, and those complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus A2, multiple pregnancies, congenital malformations and those lacking prenatal care, were excluded. Demographical, clinical, and obstetrical characteristics were recorded, and pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to control for confounders. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression to control for potential confounders. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: During the study period, 6,254 deliveries met the inclusion criteria, 10.23% of them (n=640) had diet-controlled GDM. Pregnancies with diet-controlled GDM were found to be associated with significantly higher rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (15.6% vs. 9.8%, p<0.001), polyhydramnios (5.9% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001), and cesarean deliveries (40.8% vs. 31.9%, p<0.001). Diet-controlled GDM was also found to be an independent protective factor against perinatal mortality (aOR=0.22, 95%Cl 0.05-0.92, P=0.04) possibly due to the more intensive monitoring and management typically provided to women undergoing fertility treatments. This close care may mitigate some of the risks associated with ART, leading to improved perinatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Among pregnancies achieved after fertility treatments, diet-controlled GDM was associated with reduced perinatal mortality and higher rates of certain pregnancy complications. These findings highlight the importance of close monitoring and careful management of women with diet-controlled GDM, as it may help mitigate risks associated with ART pregnancies. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these outcomes and to optimize management strategies for this specific population.
Unemployment Insurance and Employment: Evidence from the Lost Wages Assistance Program
Authors: Taj Muhammad
Published: October 2024

In August 2020, the US government introduced the Lost Wages Assistance Program, the purpose was to provide relief to the unemployed workers. Under the program, $300 additional payments were provided in addition to regular UI benefits. Using the Household Pulse Survey, this paper attempts to study the employment effects of the program. I find that a 1% increase in the replacement rate due to LWA was associated with a 4% decrease in the probability of working. Using timing variation, I present the event study results through the Callaway and Sant'anna estimator and find similar negative employment effects. The results are robust to various specifications and statistically significant among the sub-groups as well.
JEL Codes: J21, J22, J65
CrystalX: High-accuracy Crystal Structure Analysis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Zheng Kaipeng , Huang Weiran , Ouyang Wanli , Zhong Han-Sen
Published: October 2024

Atomic structure analysis of crystalline materials is a paramount endeavor in both chemical and material sciences. This sophisticated technique necessitates not only a solid foundation in crystallography but also a profound comprehension of the intricacies of the accompanying software, posing a significant challenge in meeting the rigorous daily demands. For the first time, we confront this challenge head-on by harnessing the power of deep learning for ultra-precise structural analysis at the full-atom level. To validate the performance of the model, named CrystalX, we employed a vast dataset comprising over 50,000 X-ray diffraction measurements derived from authentic experiments, demonstrating performance that is commensurate with human experts and adept at deciphering intricate geometric patterns. Remarkably, CrystalX revealed that even peer-reviewed publications can harbor errors that are stealthy to human scrutiny, yet CrystalX adeptly rectifies them. This deep learning model revolutionizes the time frame for crystal structure analysis, slashing it down to seconds. It has already been successfully applied in the structure analysis of newly discovered compounds in the latest research without human intervention. Overall, CrystalX marks the beginning of a new era in automating routine structural analysis within self-driving laboratories.
3D Printing of Multiscale Scaffolds with Microtopography for Guiding Tissue Organization and Regeneration
Authors: Ding Yonghui
Published: October 2024

Engineering biomaterial scaffolds with multiscale structures, integrating anatomically accurate macroscale architecture (millimeters to centimeters) with microtopographic features (sub-microns to tens of microns), is critical for guiding cellular organization and tissue regeneration. However, fabricating such multiscale scaffolds remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional manufacturing techniques and the trade-off between speed and resolution in current 3D printing methods. Here, we present a multiscale micro-continuous liquid interface production (MµCLIP) technique that enables rapid, one-step 3D printing of centimeter-scale scaffolds with spatially tunable microtopography of various sizes and geometries in just a few minutes (up to 1 mm/min). To showcase the versatility of our technique, we printed a one-centimeter-long tubular scaffold with dual microtopographic patterns, i.e. 20 µm axially aligned grooves on the internal surface and 15 µm circumferentially aligned rings on the external surface. These scaffolds induced the simultaneous orientation of vascular endothelial cells along the axial grooves and vascular smooth muscle cells along the circumferential rings, mimicking the orthogonally aligned bilayer architecture of natural arteries. Moreover, the groove patterns significantly accelerated endothelial cell migration, potentially enhancing endothelialization in vascular implants. This approach provides a versatile tool for designing advanced scaffolds and medical devices that harness microtopography to guide tissue organization and enhance regeneration.
Super-fast generation of all-female grass carp via transplantation of female germline stem cell into zebrafish
Authors: Sun Yonghua , Ye Ding , Wang Chaofan , Zhu Junwen , Hao Yongkang , Li Linglu , Li Yongming , Tu Yi-Xuan , Wang Xiaosi , Ren Zhiqin , Wang Houpang , He Mudan
Published: October 2024

Surrogate reproduction has emerged as a powerful biotechnology in fish breeding, mainly aiming at shortening the maturation period of aquaculture species. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), possesses one of the largest body sizes and highest global production yields in freshwater aquaculture. However, the reproduction and genetic breeding of grass carp are significantly hindered, primarily due to its protracted sexual maturation period of nearly five years and the need for extensive cultivation space. In this study, we develop a super-fast strategy to breed all-female grass carp within half a year, leveraging surrogate production in a small-sized laboratory fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We characterized and purified female germline stem cells (GSCs) from grass carp juvenile ovary at three months post-fertilization, which is the first report of female GSCs in an aquaculture species. The grass carp female GSCs were transplanted into germ cell-depleted zebrafish larvae to generate surrogate zebrafish. The transplanted grass carp female GSCs underwent accelerated spermatogenesis in the zebrafish recipients. Three months after transplantation, the zebrafish recipients developed into males capable of producing all-X sperm derived from donor grass carp female GSCs. When these sperm were fertilized with wildtype grass carp eggs, a population of all-female grass carp was produced. Our study demonstrates that fish female GSCs with XX chromosomes can be differentiated into functional sperm in a short time under the control of zebrafish gonadal somatic niche, which opens a new avenue for precision breeding in aquaculture.
Intersectional Hybrids of the Relict Species, Box Huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachycera), with Dwarf Huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa)
Authors: Ehlenfeldt Mark K. , Luteyn James L. , de la Torre Fernando , Zalapa Juan E.
Published: October 2024

Gaylussacia brachycera (box huckleberry) is a unique relict species and is the monospecific member of Gaylussacia sect. Vitis-idaea. As part of investigations to understand interspecific crossability in Gaylussacia, pollinations were made between evergreen 2x G. brachycera and deciduous 2x G. dumosa (dwarf huckleberry). The primary pollinations succeeded at a low level and produced four viable hybrids. Three of these hybrids had box huckleberry as the female, and one of them, dwarf huckleberry, as the female. Morphologically, these hybrids were distinct from the parents and were generally intermediate. The fertility of the hybrids was low, but one hybrid flowered sufficiently to allow collection of pollen and to backcross it as a male to box huckleberry. Four BC1 hybrids were produced from this cross. The F1 and BC1 hybrids were all verified using simple sequence repeat markers developed for the closely related genus Vaccinium. These hybrids are notable for being the first recorded hybrids of this rare species, G. brachycera, with any other Gaylussacia species, and these hybrids are expected to lead to a better understanding of species relationships both within Gaylussacia and between Gaylussacia and Vaccinium.
Effect of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Frass as Organic Fertilizer on Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Open-field-grown Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.)
Authors: Awad Mohamed A. , Asiry Khalid A. , Elsayed Mohamed I. , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A. M. , Alqarni Noura S. , Al-Qurashi Adel D. , Mousa Magdi A.A.
Published: October 2024

Open-field-grown tomatoes in Saudi Arabia are stressed by poor soil fertility because of the low organic matter content, low nutrient availability, and high pH. Thus, high chemical fertilizer inputs are crucial for commercial production; however, they cause economic loss as well as negatively affect environmental sustainability. The use of efficient organic fertilizers would be useful for developing more cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable agriculture. The current study evaluated the impact of Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) frass (BSFF) fertilizer applications as organic fertilizer on postharvest fruit quality and shelf life of open-field-grown F1 hybrid ‘Sinag Tala’ tomatoes compared with those grown under control treatment (received recommended doses of chemical fertilizers for tomato production under open field conditions). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results showed that the application of BSFF fertilizer, especially at the higher rate (5 ton/ha; BSFF3), improved the overall quality of tomato fruit. The BSFF fertilizer treatments reduced weight loss, maintained higher firmness, antioxidants [vitamin C, total phenol content (TPC) and total flavinoid (TFC)], total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) contents, and lowered the TSS/TA ratio of fruits during shelf life compared with those of the control. The decay incidence was only detected after 9 days of shelf life and was significantly lower in all the BSFF fertilizer treatments (range, 8.40%-12.05%) than in the control (15.9%). In addition, BSFF fertilizer treatments reduced both disease incidence and severity of gray mold following pathogen inoculation during shelf life compared with those of the control. These results might be attributable to the higher antioxidants content (vitamin C, TPC, and TFC) and higher polyphenol oxidase activity in BSFF-fertilized tomatoes. In conclusion, BSFF fertilizer could be used as a potential eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers to improve tomato fruit quality during shelf life.
Comparison of Automated Controller Settings for Irrigation and Fertilizer Needs of Potted Geranium
Authors: Morrison Kayla , Dunn Bruce , Goad Carla , Fontanier Charles
Published: October 2024

The future of agricultural water availability is threatened by climate change, population growth, and environmental regulations. Most of the global water is being used for crop irrigation. The objective of this research was to determine optimum timer-based controller settings and controlled-released fertilizer rates for ‘American Red’ (Pelargoium ×hortorum) potted geranium plants. Fertilizer was top-dressed at 3, 6, or 9 g. Plants were irrigated by a timer-based controller set to water at 11:00 AM every other day for 2 minutes, 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 2 minutes per day, and a control of manual hand watering. Data regarding plant growth, soil and leaf nutrients, and water use were collected. For geranium growth factors, the total flowers per plant was greatest for irrigation at 11:00 AM for 1 minute with 6 g fertilizer. Plant height and shoot dry weight were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. The number of umbels and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. For geranium soil nutrient content, the pH was greatest for 3 g fertilizer, whereas the electrical conductivity, potassium, nitrate, sulfate, and boron were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. Regarding the nutrient content of the leaves, total nitrogen, boron, iron, and copper were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. Water use efficiency was greatest with 6 and 9 g fertilizer and irrigation 1 minute per day at 11:00 AM. The findings indicated that using timer-based controlled irrigation systems programmed to water for 1 minute during the morning with 6 g fertilizer resulted in plants that not only reduced water consumption but also enhanced water use efficiency and overall plant quality.
Konsep Kebijakan dan Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural di Indonesia
Authors: Hasanuddin Hikmah
Published: October 2024

A country known for its high level of pluralism is Indonesia. This can be likened to a double-edged sword, not only has the potential for progress, but also the potential for decline, this depends on the quality of its human resources. Of course, this shows how important multicultural education is in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the basic concepts of policy and implementation of multicultural education, as well as refreshing the urgency of multicultural education in Indonesia. The method used is literature study which involves collecting and analyzing information from written sources relevant to the research topic without conducting direct research. The research results identify the core principles of multicultural policy, implementation strategies, and their positive impact on inclusion and cross-cultural understanding in the educational environment. This research provides in-depth insight into the basic concepts of multicultural education policy and provides guidance for policy makers and educational practitioners to strengthen inclusion and diversity in educational institutions.
Principles behind investors’ consideration of investing in emerging markets
Authors: Godi Jethro
Published: October 2024

Investors are showing a growing interest in emerging economies due to several compelling characteristics that make these countries attractive for investment. The objective of this study is to examine the factors that motivate individuals to invest in emerging markets. This study employed a quantitative research methodology, specifically utilizing a survey method and online questionnaires to collect data from asset managers in South Africa due to their investment expertise. This group is specifically for a limited number of investors and/or asset managers who have the ability to provide the required information. Data analysis entailed the application of descriptive statistics. The findings revealed multiple justifications for investing in emerging economies, such as higher returns, risk diversification, capitalizing on emerging markets, expanding prospects, maintaining a well-balanced investment portfolio, hedging money, and ensuring anonymity. Among these arguments, only four are crucial when contemplating investment in emerging economies: augmented returns, risk diversification, capitalizing on emerging markets, and expanding prospects.
Diagnostic reference levels for the city of Moscow during X-ray examinations
Authors: Druzhinina Yu. V. , Lantukh Z. A. , Tolkachev K. V. , Soldatov I. V. , Shatenok M. P. , Vodovatov A. V. , Druzhinina P. S. , Shatsky I. G. , Ryzhov S. A.
Published: October 2024

Diagnostic reference levels are one of the effective tools for optimizing patient radiation doses in diagnostic radiology. The staff of domestic radiology departments does not have an understanding of the development process and use of diagnostic reference levels during X-ray examinations, although this tool is a generally accepted in practice abroad. The article shows the experience of forming regional diagnostic reference levels based on measurements provided by the accredited testing laboratory of the Scientific and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Healthcare Department. The diagnostic reference levels for radiography in Moscow were developed for eight of the most common types of examinations based on the operation of 216 digital X-ray machines. The resulting levels, expressed in the dose-area product (cGy-cm2) and effective dose (mSv), were compared with the local diagnostic reference levels for the Ryazan region, Russia, and national diagnostic reference levels for other countries. The analysis showed continuity in the values. Some types of studies have been optimized. The developed diagnostic reference levels are the quality performance indicators foe diagnostic radiology departments and will be used to optimize a patient radiation dose during diagnostic studies in Moscow.
Analysis of forest fire dangers of the Bryansk region in the zones of radioactive contamination and beyond
Authors: Radin A. I. , Marchenko T. A. , Razdaivodin A. N.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze the forest fire dangers of the Bryansk region forests, taking into account their radioactive contamination and potential risks for forestry workers involved in forest fires extinguishing. Significant areas of radioactive contamination of forests with a predominance of sites belonging to the classes of high and very high natural fire danger, restrictions on economic activity and a long fire-hazardous period contribute to the occurrence of radioactive forest fires. The analysis of the combined data on forest fires and radioactive contamination of forest areas showed that most forest fires occur outside the zones of radioactive contamination and are not radioactive. The largest number of fires occurs at the beginning of the fire season. Radioactive forest fires in most cases arise from the burning of dry grassy vegetation, as a result of the transition from lands of other categories and through the fault of the population. The average effective dose of additional radiation per a workday can be estimated at 1.96 μSv, and the maximum at ~ 15.4 μSv. Most fires are extinguished in the early stages and do not have time to cover large areas. It indicates the effective work of the forest fire service
Development and justification of a method for presenting radiation risks associated with medical exposure of patients
Authors: Repin L. V. , Akhmatdinov R. R. , Biblin A. M. , Vishnyakova N. M.
Published: October 2024

The practical implementation of radiation protection principles in the medical exposure of patients often tends to fall into one of two extremes: either excessive simplification of the methodology for assessing radiation health detriment, or its excessive complexity. An example of an excessively simplified approach is the assessment of radiation risk to patients using effective dose and radiation damage coefficients (nominal risk coefficients) as presented in Norms of the Radiation Safety NRB-99/2009. An example of an unjustifiably complex approach can be considered Tables 1-2 in MR 2.6.1.0215-20 "Assessment of radiation risk to patients during X-ray diagnostic radiological examinations," which indicate "lifetime risk values of death taking into account harm from reduced quality of life due to cancer of various organs and tissues and genetic effects from medical examinations" for a wide range of medical diagnostic X-ray radiological examinations in five-year age groups of patients. The main shortcomings of the simplified approach can be considered the lack of differences in risk assessment between individuals of different sexes and ages, although the fact of higher radiosensitivity in children compared to adults and in women compared to men can be considered universally recognized. The risk assessment approach proposed in MR 2.6.1.0215-20 addresses these shortcomings. However, in the view of the authors of this study, it offers an unnecessarily detailed picture considering uncertainties inherent in risk assessments at low doses, as well as uncertainties in the method of interpopulation transfer of radiation risk proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The aim of this study was to develop and justify a simpler and more straightforward method of presenting information on radiation risks associated with medical X-ray radiological examinations, free from the main drawbacks of the two aforementioned methods. To achieve this goal, radiation risks were calculated using two methods (using effective dose and using the risk model of the International Commission on Radiological Protection). A comparative analysis of the calculation results was conducted with estimates presented in Tables 1-2 of MR 2.6.1.0215-20. As a result of the analysis, an original applied method for presenting qualitative characteristics of radiation risks was developed for use in prescribing X-ray radiological examinations and informing patients about potential health risks. The practical outcome of the study is the formation of a table of radiation risks associated with conducting studies on patients from the Russian population, using the developed method of presenting information on radiation risks.
Patients’ effective doses assessment during low-dose computed tomography
Authors: Druzhinina P. S. , Vodovatov A. V. , Romanovich I. K. , Chipiga L. A. , Berkovich G. V. , Ushkov A. D. , Nefedov A. O.
Published: October 2024

Computed tomography has become increasingly common for diagnosing socially significant diseases in recent years. In foreign practice, screening schemes for lung cancer in people belonging to risk categories have been developed and implemented. These schemes have been successfully used over the past 10 years. In this case, “low-dose” scanning protocols are used, which make it possible to perform examination with patient effective dose several times lower compared to standard protocols. Lung cancer screening methods using low-dose computed tomography are beginning to be introduced in the Russian Federation. To ensure the radiation safety of those individuals eligible for inclusion in screening programs or participating in biomedical research testing lung cancer screening, it is necessary to evaluate effective doses from low-dose computed tomography and compare these doses to established radiation dose limits. This study assessed the patients’ effective doses who underwent different types of low-dose computed tomography of chest at two medical organizations. The results of the study show that it is possible to achieve non-exceedance of the current annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv only for patients weighing less than 90 kg. For patients with higher body weight, the minimum effective dose will be in the range of 1.2 – 1.4 mSv. The results of the study indicate the need to make changes to the current regulatory and methodological documents of Rospotrebnadzor to ensure the possibility of using low-dose computed tomography as part of screening for all categories of people.
Analysis of the radiation accidents prevalence in nuclear medicine in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vodovatov A. V. , Chipiga L. A. , Ryzhov S. A. , Petryakova A. V. , Biblin A. M. , Gorsky G. A. , Vishnyakova N. M.
Published: October 2024

Radiation events (accidents) appearance is an integral part of the use of ionizing radiation sources in medicine in general and nuclear medicine in particular. To minimize the negative impact on patients, workers, and public due to such events, it is necessary to have reliable information about real prevalence of the radiation events (accidents). The current work presents the analysis of the radiation accidents with medical ionizing radiation sources registered in the “Data bank of radiation accidents and incidents” of the Rospotrebnadzor Information and Analytical Centre for Radiation Safety and the results of workers questionnaires conducted in 25 nuclear medicine departments (about 30% of all nuclear medicine departments in the Russian Federation). The results of the analysis showed that the most common registered radiation accidents in the “Data bank of radiation accidents and incidents” are identification of passengers with high external dose rate as well as identification of waste contaminated by medical radionuclides. The results of the questionnaire showed that the most common radiation accidents (events) in nuclear medicine are contamination of work clothes or work surfaces with radionuclides, or patient fluids containing radionuclides; conducting examination without proper referral; extravasation of radiopharmaceutical. Existing systems of identification and registration of radiation accidents do not allow to identify radiation events (accidents) specific to nuclear medicine. The further research aimed at developing a classification of radiation events (accidents) in medicine and methods for responding to such events are feasible.
Smartphone use as a mediator of self-control and emotional dysregulation in nomophobia: A cross-national study of Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Safaria Triantoro , Abdul Wahab Muhammad Nubli , Suyono Hadi , Hartanto Dody
Published: October 2024

Nomophobia has become a worrying phenomenon among young people. Therefore, research is needed to understand this condition more deeply. This study explores cross-cultural differences in nomophobia, emotional dysregulation, self-control, and smartphone use among a sample of university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Pahang, Malaysia. In addition, it examines smartphone use as a mediator of the effects of emotional dysregulation and self-control on nomophobia. Currently, only a limited amount of research tests explicitly the nomophobia-mediated model across different countries. This study used a cross-sectional design that involved university students from Yogyakarta and Pahang, comprising 215 students from Yogyakarta and 211 from Pahang, resulting in 426 participants. Among these, 110 (25.8%) were female and 316 (74.2%) male, with an average age of 18 (SD = 3.4), who were recruited using purposive sampling. Manova and regression analyses were conducted to examine the hypotheses, with an initial assessment of data normality, multicollinearity, and homogeneity assumptions performed before the analysis. Data were collected using scales for nomophobia, emotional dysregulation, self-control, and smartphone use. The study results indicate that students from Pahang exhibit higher levels of smartphone use and nomophobia compared to those from Yogyakarta (mean: 37.03 vs. 52.137; F = 151.19, p = .000). Emotional dysregulation and smartphone use consistently demonstrate a significant positive role in nomophobia across national contexts (β = 0.191, p = 0.002), (β = -0.414, p = 0.000). At the same time, self-control does not have a significant direct influence on nomophobia. The findings indicate the significant role of emotional dysregulation and smartphone use in nomophobia, the management of which will have implications for mitigating nomophobia.
Clinical semiology guide for dentofacial deformities in early childhood
Authors: Medau Valéria , Josèphe Deshayes Marie , Roberto Maia Paulo , José Machado Almiro , Dias da Silva Neto José
Published: October 2024

Dentofacial deformities can begin in a very subtle way, which is why there is a need for a well-defined diagnosis. To ascertain whether there is a consensus among specialists regarding the importance of identifying dentofacial deformities in children before they reach six years of age; and to develop and validate a screening tool to assist general dentists so that they can identify signs of craniofacial asymmetry, thereby directing preventive and minimally invasive approaches in children aged three to six years. The guide was created and validated by 37 specialist professionals, masters and doctors. The Delphi technique was used for data analysis, along with the content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach’s alpha. Among the evaluators, 81.08 % had completed their training more than 10 years ago and 78.38% had been working as dentists for more than 10 years; 2.16 % were specialists, 32.16 % had a master's degree and 5.41 % had a doctoral degree. The agreement between the evaluators through the CVI was 100 % and the average Cronbach's alpha was 0.7571, which was considered substantial or acceptable. The clinical semiology guide for detecting dentofacial deformities in children between 3 and 6 years of age was developed and validated.
Effect of Nonlinear Magnetic Forces on Transverse Galloping Dynamics of Square Cylinders
Authors: Rashed Mostafa , Elsayed Mostafa , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Shaaban Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Under the influence of cross-fluid flow, a cylinder of a square cross-section may gallop. Galloping is a self-excited vibration mode that can be utilized for low-power harvesting applications. The harvested power depends on several factors, including upstream flow velocity and system dynamics. This study explores the potential of magnetically-induced nonlinear stiffness to improve the power output of galloping-based energy harvesters. In this experimental study, the vibration response of a square rod with a mass ratio of 10 is investigated at a Reynolds number of 200. The vibration behavior of two identical coaxial square rods with magnetic monopoles at opposite ends is analyzed. Results reveal that the magnets’ configuration and strength significantly affect vibration amplitude and the critical flow velocity necessary for the onset of galloping.
Exploring Sustainable Construction: Utilizing Printed Circuit Board Waste as a Partial Sand Replacement in Concrete Production
Authors: Oriby Ahmed , Salem Serag , Salem Shady
Published: October 2024

The escalating demand for concrete in construction, coupled with the environmental degradation caused by sand extraction, necessitates the exploration of alternative materials for sustainable construction practices. This study investigates the potential of utilizing Printed Circuit Board (PCB) waste as a partial replacement for sand in concrete production. This investigation is presented through experimental work to replace the sand by 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. The applicability of the proposed mixes is demonstrated through a comparative analysis of the concrete fresh and hardened properties. This research contributes to the field of sustainable construction by offering a novel use for electronic waste, thereby mitigating the environmental impact of both the electronics and construction industries.
How Artificial Intelligence Could Affect the Future of Architectural Design Education
Authors: Asfour Omar
Published: October 2024

There is currently a high level of uncertainty about the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on architecture as a profession and consequently on architectural education. Some suggest that schools of architecture should prepare themselves for a dramatic reform that clearly integrates AI technologies into their study plans and pedagogical methods, while others argue that AI can’t fully replace the traditional methods and conventions in architectural education and that more time is needed to understand its potential impact in this regard. In all cases, AI is coming and will be soon or later an integral part of our work and teaching methods in architecture. This paper discusses this issue considering some AI applications in the different design stages from an educational perspective. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to explore and understand how AI could affect our educational systems and provoke changes in the architectural design process we currently follow. Quality assurance organizations should reflect this in their accreditation guidelines to offer the required guidance for the schools of architecture in this regard.
Evaluating water, sanitation, and hygiene in schools of Bangladesh: progress toward SDG compliance
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Shariar Sakib , Rahadujjaman Md. , Hasan Rakibul , Islam Md. Tanvirul , Faysal Ashik , Khan Munir Hayet , Khan Md. Habibur Rahman Bejoy
Published: October 2024

The availability of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools is essential for a healthy learning environment and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) 4 and 6. Despite its importance, comprehensive studies on drinking water quality, sanitation, and hygiene in schools are scarce. This study explicitly assessed the WASH services and gaps in 43 educational institutions, located in Tongi, Bangladesh, through field and laboratory investigations. Thirteen physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed, and water quality was classified using an Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI). Hygiene and sanitation were evaluated through observations and data from school administrators on water sources, toilets, handwashing facilities, and solid waste management. Results showed that WASH services exceeded the national average, but all schools had dangerously high Escherichia coli levels (mean: 43.95 CFU/100 mL) in drinking water, posing health risks. Additionally, 89.72% of samples showed elevated manganese levels, 35% had high iron, and 41.86% had increased conductivity. About 35% of water was unsuitable for drinking based on IWQI. Schools lacked the capacity to monitor WASH quality, especially drinking water. A strategic framework for safe WASH facilities is recommended. The findings can lead the policymakers to prioritize the improvements in WASH facilities for attaining SDG 6.
Assessment of bacterial diversity in hand rinse, stored and drinking water in low-income neighbourhoods of Ibule-Soro, Nigeria
Authors: Olalemi Adewale Oluwasogo , Ola Hellen Oluwapelumi , Ogundiran Busayo Abiodun , Obileye Emmanuel Aduralere
Published: October 2024

The microbiological quality of hand rinse, stored and drinking water in selected households in Ibule-Soro, Nigeria was assessed for six months. Culture-based, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and molecular methods were used to identify culturable and non-culturable bacterial species in the water samples. The results revealed that bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were predominant in the water samples. The order Sphingomonadales had the highest read count of 5,065 with 30.60%. The highest mean bacterial loads include Klebsiella (3.60 log10 cfu/100 mL) in hand rinse water, E. coli (3.62 log10 cfu/100 mL) in stored water and Enterobacter (2.60 log10 cfu/100 mL) in the drinking water. While E. coli had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence of 19.9% in drinking water, Klebsiella had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence of 29 and 23.6% in hand rinse and stored water, respectively. The findings of this study provided a more comprehensive understanding of the microbiome of household hand rinse, stored and drinking water. The high load of enteric bacteria in the hand rinse water suggests poor hand hygiene practices. Stored and drinking water must be treated before consumption to protect residents from potential risks of gastrointestinal illnesses.
Agricultural Contribution of Chloride to a Saturated Riparian Buffer System: A Case Study in Central Illinois
Authors: Commander Okiemute , Peterson Eric W. , Perry William L.
Published: October 2024

Increases in chloride concentrations in surface water and groundwater from anthropogenic sources is a growing concern throughout the world. In the midwestern United States, the agriculture contribution of chloride may elevate concentrations in surface and groundwater systems. A saturated riparian buffer (SRB), installed to reduce nutrient input into an adjacent stream, and the groundwater water upgradient were investigated to identify sources of chloride and to quantify the agricultural contribution. During a 7-year period, over 2,200 water samples collected from 35 wells, a diversion box, and a stream were analyzed for major anions. Additionally, the waters from four quarterly (seasonal) samplings (n = 155) during the seventh year were analyzed for cations. A cumulative probability curve identified three populations of chloride: (1) upgradient shallow groundwater; (2) diversion box (waters drained from an agricultural field), downgradient shallow groundwater (representing the SRB), diamicton groundwater (waters collected deeper from within the unweathered parent material); and (3) stream water. A background chloride concentration was established at 3.9 mg/L. Elevated concentrations above the background level coupled with principal component analysis suggest agricultural contribution from the diverted tile-drainage waters was a source of chloride. In winter and spring, chloride concentrations were highest in the diversion box, while up-gradient wells were the lowest. Waters downgradient of the diversion tiles had chloride concentrations lower than the tile but higher than the upgradient waters due to mixing of the diverted tile water and the upgradient groundwater. For the specific site, agriculture contributes chloride, but at concentrations below the chronic threshold of 230 mg/L.