bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF A COMPOSITE PANEL WITH CONTINUOUS TOW STEERING AROUND AN ELLIPTICAL CUT-OUT
Authors: ZUCCO GIOVANNI , ROUHI MOHAMMAD , VINCENZO OLIVERI , COSENTINO ENZO , O’HIGGINS RONAN , WEAVER PAUL M.
Published: November 2021

Cut-outs are inevitable in many structural components such as in aircrafts to accommodate windows or openings for access purposes or fasteners. Engineers usually view cut-outs, especially in primary structures, with disfavour as they result in stress/strain concentration and consequently reduced load carrying capability. Local reinforcements usually increase cost and weight to the overall design which is not favourable in aerospace applications. In case of composite panels, emerging advanced manufacturing methods such as 3D printing of automated fiber placement made it possible to continuously steer fibers/tows around a cut-out to potentially alleviate stress/strain concentration problem. Another advantage of tow steering in this case is maintaining the continuity of fiber/tow paths without any fiber cut which precludes ply-level, 3D stress/strain concentration which could otherwise lead to delaminationinduced damage. In this study, potential capability of tow steering around an elliptical cut-out (manhole) in reducing stress/strain concentration in a composite wingbox is investigated Buckling response under compression loading together with stress and strain concentrations under both tensile and compression loads are examined. Under tensile loading, the maximum stress and strain concentration factors around the cut-out in the straight fiber design are shown to be approximately 29% and 32% larger than its counterpart with steered tows around the cut-out. For the compression loading condition, the direct strain of the panel with straight fiber orientations was found to be three times that of steered fiber trajectories in the vicinity of the cut-out.
SCALING METHODOLOGY FOR BUCKLING OF COMPOSITE CONICAL SHELLS IN AXIAL COMPRESSIONConical shells are commonly used as structural components for launch vehicles. The axial compression experienced during launch is one of the sizing load cases, because it can lead to loss of structural stability. Because experimentally testing these full-scale structures is cumbersome and expensive, it is expedient to understand how reduced-scale shells can be designed such that their buckling behavior is representative of the full-scale shell behavior. An analytical, sequential scaling methodology is developed based on the nondimensional governing equations for composite conical shells with a symmetric, balanced layup and negligible flexural anisotropy. Linear and nonlinear finite element analyses characterizing the buckling behavior of the different size shells yielded comparable results in terms of buckling load, meridional displacement, and buckling mode. The inclusion of geometric imperfections affects the prediction accuracy, but not to the extent that the methodology is no longer valid.
Authors: PAREYNS KAAT , BISAGNI CHIARA , RUDD MICHELLE T. , SCHULTZ MARC R.
Published: November 2021

Conical shells are commonly used as structural components for launch vehicles. The axial compression experienced during launch is one of the sizing load cases, because it can lead to loss of structural stability. Because experimentally testing these full-scale structures is cumbersome and expensive, it is expedient to understand how reduced-scale shells can be designed such that their buckling behavior is representative of the full-scale shell behavior. An analytical, sequential scaling methodology is developed based on the nondimensional governing equations for composite conical shells with a symmetric, balanced layup and negligible flexural anisotropy. Linear and nonlinear finite element analyses characterizing the buckling behavior of the different size shells yielded comparable results in terms of buckling load, meridional displacement, and buckling mode. The inclusion of geometric imperfections affects the prediction accuracy, but not to the extent that the methodology is no longer valid.
EXPLORATION OF CUMULATIVE DAMAGE EVOLUTION UNDER VARIABLE AMPLITUDE FATIGUE LOADING BASED ON WÖHLER CURVE
Authors: GUEDES RUI MIRANDA
Published: November 2021

How to predict the residual strength of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) after a fatigue cycle at multiple stress levels, based on the fatigue or Wöhler (S-N) curves, remains unsatisfactorily tackled. The Miner’s Rule is a widespread example of a simple way to account for damage accumulation under different fatigue cycles. Under certain combinations of stress levels, Miner’s Rule accurately predicts the lifetime of PMCs, but it fails in other cases. The reason is the simple assumption of linear cumulative damage, not accounting for sequence effects in the loading history. Several researchers have proposed modifications to Miner’s Rule. However, due to its simplicity, Miner’s Rule is still used by structural designers. Recent research work proposed compatibility conditions for fatigue damage functions in the S–N plane, leading to a simple model that fulfils those conditions contrary to the previous models, the Miner’s Rule and the Broutman and Sahu linear model. These models predict fatigue life at variable amplitude loading based on constant amplitude fatigue data. Forcibly, the analytical form of SıN influences the model lifetime predictions. Experimental data obtained in the literature serves to illustrate the models' predictions at different loading conditions. Although this work focused on composite materials, we foresaw extension to other materials.
DAMAGE DETECTION IN LAMINATED COMPOSITES BY NEURAL NETWORKS AND HIGH ORDER FINITE ELEMENTS
Authors: PAGANI ALFONSO , ENEA MARCO , CARRERA ERASMO
Published: November 2021

In the aerospace industry, machine learning techniques are becoming more and more important for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In fact, they could be useful in giving a precise and complete mapping of damage distribution in a structure, including low-intensities or local defects, which cannot be detected via traditional tests. In this work, feedforward artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed for vibration-based damage detection in composite laminates. In the framework of Carrera Unified formulation (CUF), one-dimensional refined models in conjunction with layer-wise (LW) theory are adopted. CUF-based Monte Carlo simulations have been used for the creation of a dataset of damage scenarios for the training of the ANN. Therefore, the latter is fed with the vibrational characteristics of these structures. The trained ANN, given these dynamic parameters, is able to predict location and intensity of all damages in the laminated composite structures.
VARIABILITY IN THE FAILURE OF COMPOSITE TUBES SUBJECTED TO COMBINED AXIAL AND TORSIONAL LOADINGS DUE TO MANUFACTURING DEFECTS AND NONDETERMINISTIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: NAIR AJEESH SURESH , GANESAN RAJAMOHAN
Published: November 2021

Tubes made with polymer-matrix fiber-reinforced composite materials are widely used in automobile, mechanical and aerospace engineering applications. Composite tubes are increasingly manufactured using the modern Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) technique. The ply manufacturing parameters and the tube manufacturing parameters have considerable influence on the quality of the manufactured composite tubes. Manufacturing defects and variations in the material properties are inevitable in composite tubes due to the inherent unavoidable variations in these parameters. The commonly identified manufacturing defects include voids, fiber waviness, variation in volume fraction, and fiber misalignment. These have considerable influence on the mechanical behavior and failure of the composite tube. In the present work, the effects of the fiber misalignment and the variations in the material properties on the failure behavior of uniform-diameter composite tubes subjected to combined axial and torsional loadings are determined considering the First-Ply Failure (FPF) characteristics. The first-ply failure envelopes of the composite tube are developed based on the Classical Laminate Theory and Finite Element Modeling and Analysis. Existing works in the literature are used to validate the three-dimensional finite element model of the uniform-diameter composite tube developed using the commercial software ANSYS®. The variations in the first-ply failure loading limits of the uniform-diameter composite tube made of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite material are investigated using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, considering the random variability in the material properties and the fiber misalignment. The random variables corresponding to the material properties and the fiber misalignment are generated. For the composite tube with a sample set of simulated random variables the corresponding first-ply failure envelope is determined. The ensemble of such failure envelopes is developed based on an adequate number of simulations from which the probabilistic distributions of the first-ply failure loadings are determined. Design aspects are brought out.
THE EFFECT OF OUT-OF-PLANE WAVINESS ASYMMETRY ON LAMINATE STRENGTH
Authors: MAES VINCENT K. , ELSAID BASSAM , HALLETT STEPHEN R. , KRATZ JAMES
Published: November 2021

The study of defects and their influence on the performance of composite structures is well documented. However, simplifications are often made regarding the morphology of these defects. As part of the CerTest project, a database of composite features and defects is being built, for which an assessment must be made of what information is relevant. This study looks specifically at out-of-plane waviness and seeks to investigate whether the commonly used severity metrics (e.g. maximum angle) are sufficient to characterize such defects when considering more complex morphologies. To assess this, previously developed numerical methods are used to investigate the tensile and compressive strength of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates. These laminates are seeded with asymmetrical out-of-plane waviness. The numerical results demonstrate that for reliable prediction of the strength reduction caused by out-of-plane waviness, the asymmetry is an important consideration with relative reductions from symmetric to asymmetric wrinkle of up to 50% found within the wrinkles evaluated in this study.
HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT RESPONSE OF STITCHED CFRP LAMINATES
Authors: HARRISON KHARI , KOTA KALYAN RAJ , ROGERS JACOB A. , MEAD PAUL T. , MOTE ANIKET , KULATILAKA WARUNA D. , LACY, JR. THOMAS E.
Published: November 2021

In this study, hypervelocity impact experiments were performed on both unstitched and through-thickness Vectran™-stitched laminates. Both laminate types were fabricated from DMS-2436 class-72 warp-knit multiaxial carbon fabric, infused with API-1078 resin using a Controlled Atmospheric Pressure Resin Infusion (CAPRI) process. The laminates were impacted by 4 mm diameter, spherical, Nylon 6/6 projectiles at nominal velocities of 4 km/s using a two-stage light gas gun. The primary measures of the performance of the composite at protecting against impact were in plane hole damage areal comparisons and the comparison of the target back-face debris cloud (BFDC) velocities relative to the incoming projectile velocities. Additional post-shot forensics include characterization of damage morphology and analysis of high-speed videos. Initial inferences about the damage produced in the laminate indicate that the Vectran™ stitching can effectively arrest in-plane damage propagation; impacts at or near a stitchline resulted in no damage propagation across the stitchline boundaries.
DETERMINANTS OF SME ACCESS TO PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES
Authors: Nemec Peter , Džupka Peter
Published: November 2021

This article aims to investigate the factors influencing the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement in the Visegrad Group Countries. According to the European Union, tools such as the division of contracts into smaller lots or the evaluation of tenders based on the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) increase the chances of SME’s winning contracts in public procurement. In particular, the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than the lowest price is a tool favoring SMEs, as it boosts their innovative potential, which creates the preconditions for achieving the best value for taxpayers' money. By analyzing more than 150,000 contract award notices published in the Tenders Electronic Daily in 2019, we found a positive effect on SMEs' chances of winning a contract when using framework agreements or dividing contracts into smaller lots. Moreover, the results of multinomial logit regression suggest that the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than lowest prices increases the chances of SMEs to win the contract by more than 50%. However, the findings that the share of SMEs in the total financial value of contracts is less than 20%, with SMEs winning more than 60% of all contracts, suggest that some obstacles of SMEs' access to public contracts, such as financial, administrative or technical complexity of projects may persist and require further research.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: Vasilyeva Rogneda , Mariev Oleg , Ignatieva Elena , Serkova Alla
Published: November 2021

Inequality in the distribution of income of the population has a certain impact on different aspects of the economic and socio-cultural development of countries and regions. This inequality arises due to a number of factors as the current nature of the production specialization, the availability of production and economic infrastructure, the achieved level of development of the social sphere, socio-cultural, demographic, and other factors. The main objective of this study is to assess the nature and extent of the impact of income inequality in the Russian regions for the subsequent justification of the directions of socio-economic development. We conducted an econometric analysis of the impact of intraregional income inequality (the Gini coefficient), fixed capital investment per capita, and average per capita consumer spending on one of the main indicators of regional economic growth (GRP) per capita was carried out. The model is based on panel data for the period 2012-2018 for 85 regions of the Russian Federation. The results of the study confirm two of three hypotheses. As prospects for further research, it is proposed to consider the impact of inequality in the distribution of household income on economic growth for different groups of regions, including resource-type regions and regions with a predominance of manufacturing industries, as well as for leading regions and regions with a relatively low level of socio-economic development.
THE STUDENT NURSES’ SKILL OF MANAGING THEIR TIME
Authors: Hristova Irinka , Koleva Greta , Georgieva Despina
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Time is one of the basic resources in each human activity. It holds a special place in health care. Either its deficiency or underestimation may lead to the negative and even fatal aftermath for human life.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to identify the reasons for poor time management of student nurses.

Methods: A standardized questionnaire was answered by a total of 89 student nurses from the 1st year and 3rd year courses, in the nursing bachelor degree from the Ruse University of Angel Kanchev, Bulgaria. The questionnaire was held in January 2021.

Results: From this study we have determined that those who are capable of managing their time and always plan well are just 26%(23n) of all respondents, more than a half of them only sometimes plan their tasks, 61%(54n), whereas 13%(12n) never do. As for the compliance of the deadlines, only 31.5% (28n) of them always manage to do so, while the rest of the students only sometimes do so.

Conclusions: The inability of student nurses to plan their time is just one of the reasons for concern. It was determined that the lack of training for effective time management, intense workload in higher education, not realizing they have to manage their time and their young age, significantly affect the student nurses’ proper management of time.

UDC Classification: 37.04, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12955/pmp.v2.170
eRESEARCH IN THE DEGREE OF ADHERENCE BY ASTHMA PATIENTS – A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Todorova Anna , Tsvetkova Antoaneta , Mihaylova Silvia
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Non-adherence to treatment is a global issue which in recent years has reached epidemic proportions. The WHO has reported that treatment adherence in chronic patients is 50% in developed countries on average. According to data from the Association of Bulgarians with Bronchial Asthma (ABBA) the percentage of asthma patients who are not regularly treated is the highest compared with other chronic diseases. Non-adherence to treatment not just influences the patient’s quality of life but increases the health care costs in society.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the degree of adherence to prescribed treatment in asthma patients.

Methods: An anonymous survey was made among 50 outpatients with asthma using an adapted survey card consisting of two parts: a questionnaire that collects information about the demographic profile of the patient (gender, age, educational background, etc) and a validated tool, the Morisky test, which is a questionnaire that defines the degree of treatment adherence.

Results: The results from the Morisky test (Morisky coefficient 2.22) showed a mean degree of adherence both for the whole sample and for men and women separately, with a minimal difference of 0.01 in favour of men (Morisky coefficient 2.24 in men and 2.23 in women).

Conclusions: The studied asthma patients show unsatisfactory adherence to the prescribed treatment. The mean degree of adherence reported in the study indicates the need for educating patients, monitoring and collaboration among doctors, patients, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals.
DESIGN OF SPECIALIZED SURGICAL SCREW INSERTED IN PLATE TYPE CERVICAL IMPLANT
Authors: Dimova Krasimira , Todorov Georgi , Sofronov Yavor
Published: November 2021

In the field of Implantology the screws are an important part because they transfer the loads that occur in the bones. Surgical screws are similar to those in Mechanical Engineering, but the materials should have specific characteristics like biocompatibility, strength, corrosion resistance and fatigue strength. The main function of the surgical screw is to create pressure between two bones which is necessary in order to heal the injured bones. The surgical screw transforms all forces of the movements to pressure and distributes the pressure on the bone’s surfaces. Surgical screws can help in the setting of implants into an injured area. It also ensures static position of the injured bones. The research aims to analyse how the surgical screw type affects the bone of the patient with the help of the Finite Elements Method (FEM). Based on the results from the analysis of the surgical screw a new specialized surgical screw was designed with complex geometry to withstand the occurring loads and also be able to transfer them to the bone tissue. In additional, a comparison analysis between two different types of surgical screws was conducted. This paper shows how a surgical screw could be optimized in order to improve its function with the help of virtual tools. Finally, the materials used are biocompatible and often used for such screws and surgical implant analysis, the challenge was to recreate the bone tissue properties and to used them in the FEM analysis.
INFLUENCE OF DISTANCE LEARNING ON THE ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS FROM SPECIALTIES IN THE FIELD OF ARTS
Authors: Babakova Liliya , Kolovska Tsvetana , Konstantinidu Konstantina
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the problem of the impact of distance learning on the motivation to learn in students studying arts. Learning arts such as music, dance, and fine arts via distance learning is proving to be a real challenge for students and teachers. The aim of the present study is to determine how distance learning affects the learning motivation of students studying art at the university.

Method: a questionnaire for measuring academic motivation and a modified scale for measuring students' engagement in online learning, and a survey.

Sample: 109 students from first to fourth-year in university, studying specialties related to music, fine arts and dance

Results: The results showed that distance learning did not prove to be a major obstacle in establishing the learning material, but students who are internally motivated to learn prefer traditional learning. The main difficulties in distance learning turned out to be technical - the use of too many and different learning platforms, lack of a good internet connection, organizational - time management difficulties, easy distraction and psychological factors such – overwhelming written information, the high demands of the teachers, and a lack of social exchange.  Correlation analysis found that students who prefer traditional education have a high intrinsic motivation to study art-related disciplines. ANOVA did not establish statistically significant differences in the factors, course and specialty.
INNOVATIVE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE CIVIL SERVICE
Authors: Baranov Alexey , Kotlyarova Olga , Tagaev Alexey
Published: November 2021

The hypothesis of the presented article is the idea that the innovation policy in the field of public administration personnel training is based on two principles: 1) training of personnel of a new format, corresponding to the requirements of reality and ready for quick and not always anticipated changes, 2) careful attitude to the human resource, that is, the human potential of the public administration system. The introduction describes the archaic system of Russian personnel policy. The introduction of relevant principles into the state personnel policy will improve the professional competencies of employees, adapt them to the process of changes in public administration, and allow interested employees to plan and build a career perspective. The formulated principles are a consequence of the teamwork of the educational organization and government authorities in order to understand new staffing requirements for the public administration system. These principles include the principle of corporate training, the principle of customizing educational content, the principle of personalizing additional professional programs, the expert principle, the principle of innovative methodology, the blended format principle, the motivational principle, the principle of independent assessment of the quality of training of students, the principle of independent assessment of the quality of conditions, the principle of internal evaluation systems, analysis principle. In conclusion, the author substantiates the statement that it is necessary to expand the range of fundamental principles in connection with the openness and dynamism of the structure of innovative personnel policy.
PECULIARITIES OF THE SELF-CONCEPT IN STUDENTS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES
Authors: Fyodorova-Radicheva Maya
Published: November 2021

Specific learning disabilities (SLD) in adolescence are a key area for the successful application of the principles of integrated education. However, there are not many studies on the topic, which is a key indicator of the relevance of this study. The study presented in this article aims to detect and analyze the presence of characteristic features in the concept of self in students with SLD in middle school age (from 10 to 16 years of age). In order to establish characteristic features and peculiarities, an adapted version of the Q-sorting methodology was used. This method includes sorting cards with 14 polar personal traits, selected for their accessibility and distinctness for students with SLD. A total of 32 students in secondary schools in the municipality of Plovdiv were studied. 16 of them without a history of disabilities, and the remaining 16 have already been diagnosed with SLD, for which they receive special additional support in the schools where they study. The results show the presence of distinctive and specific differences in some aspects of the self-concept. The most significant differences are in the appraisal of the qualities "Capable", "Clever" and "Silly". The first two qualities are assessed by the students with SLD as less relevant to their real-self, and the third is assessed as much more relevant to their own self-image, in contrast to their classmates without disabilities. This assessment does not show gender or age specifics.
MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS AND TEACHING ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND US, MAN AND NATURE, AND MAN AND SOCIETY IN GRADES 1 - 4
Authors: Ivanova Vanya
Published: November 2021

The article aims to justify and elucidate the role of multimedia presentations in learning about the world around us. Multimedia presentations accompany early training aimed at the child's natural and social environment. They are systematically used due to the visual nature of the predominant learning material, which quite often combines illustrative and educational functions.

This article focuses on the didactic use of presentations in lessons and its methodology. The objective of this research is to establish which didactic tasks are performed with the help of multimedia presentations in lessons.

The results in the areas studied show that there is no single unified method for using multimedia presentations in the lessons on the surrounding world. In practice, different approaches are used, which, in some cases, are incompatible with the traditional teaching procedure.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION OF ROMA CHILDREN IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Neminska Rumyana , Borisova Tanya
Published: November 2021

The problem with the education, socialization and upbringing of Roma children in Bulgaria is serious and requires the joint efforts of universities and schools. For many of these children, education is not a value. They study only in primary school and then remain traditionally in their family. It must be recognized that traditional family values ​​and traditions for the Roma have the force of law. Many Roma families managed to socialize by leaving the ghetto and settling in Bulgarian communities - but many of them do not want to change their lifestyle. The cooperation between the schools and the university is presented in the university project "Innovations in the socialization of bilingual students through communication and speech development" presented here. A methodological innovation for the education of Roma children has been introduced. This innovation combines tradition (Roma fairy tale) and the development of reader literacy, thinking, and solving cases. A total of 415 Roma students participated in the empirical study. With their participation in the project it is established that they increase their reading skills, learn the Bulgarian language better and develop critical thinking.
SOCIETY AND RESOURCES OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN SOCIAL RELATIONS
Authors: Plavčan Peter
Published: November 2021

The scientific-technical development of the world society is based on quickly developing information and communication equipment and technologies. The knowledge about the education society and its characteristics in the international context and the knowledge on the intellectual capital enable international comparison of the selected states of the world. The knowledge on the relation between intellectual capital and the costs to reproduce it also enables comparison between the individual states mutually and makes it possible to ponder the relation between the quality of education and the basic economic indicators, e.g., gross domestic product. The overview of selected statistic indicators describing the size of the intellectual capital and systemization of knowledge on intellectual capital from the point of view of the society as well as individual and the proposition of the opportunities to measure intellectual capital enable a more detailed focus on the intellectual capital topic and its importance for the world society and economy. The research results can be used as an argument for increasing expenditure on education in national economies.
IMPACT OF DISTANCE LEARNING ON THE MOTOR ABILITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL-AGED PUPILS
Authors: Zheleva-Terzieva Donka
Published: November 2021

The article compares the results of motor strength tests of primary school students to establish the impact of distance learning imposed by the authorities in the Republic of Bulgaria at the end of 2020 in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether educational tools affect the motor abilities of students. To achieve this goal, motor tests are conducted at the beginning of the school year and after the end of the online training.

Methods: The empirical methods used are tests to assess physical performance by jumping from a place with two legs to measure the explosive power of the lower limbs and throwing a solid ball to measure the explosive power of the upper limbs, shoulder girdle, and abdominal muscles. The statistical methods are the relative values ​​of the structure – an absolute sum of the structural differences and integral coefficient of structural differences, as well as correlation and comparative analyzes.

Findings and results: The results of the experiment show that the strength achievements of students are not affected by the type of training.
Non-Inverting Cascaded Bidirectional Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter with Average Current Mode Control for Lithium-Ion Battery Charger
Authors: Suryoatmojo Heri , Pratama Indra Anugrah , . Soedibyo
Published: November 2021

In order to develop renewable energy, it also needs to enhance the developing of supporting elements. For example, lithium-ion batteries as a component of energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion) have been chosen as energy storage devices for portable equipment, unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and grid storage systems. But there is a problem such as the process of charging the battery for UAV. Conventional converters used in those chargers have disadvantages such as limited power, lower voltage gain and also high current stress. Therefore, such converters are not efficient to be used for charging the battery. This paper proposes a cascaded bidirectional buck-boost converter for charging the battery. This converter can be operated bidirectional and have better rated power and higher voltage gain. Also, this topology has the same polarity with the input. From the test results, the converter can work in either forward or backward power flow. This converter is working in both buck or boost mode and has an efficiency of 83% in buck mode and 81% for boost mode. The charging process is about 83 minutes until SOC approximately 90 – 95.Keywords: battery charger, cascaded bidirectional buck – boost converter, constant current, li-ion introduction.
Growth promoters in banana seedlings submitted to saline irrigation
Authors: Silva Daniela Andreska da , Bastos Ricardo Leoni Gonçalves , Silva Christiana de Fátima Bruce da , Sousa Alan Bernard Oliveira de
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of a plant growth promoter bacteria on the growth of micropropagated banana seedlings cultivar Williams under irrigation with water at different saline levels. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, State of Ceará. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to the three factors for growth promotion (negative control: water; Osmocote® slow-release fertilizer and a Bacillus spp. bacterium) subjected to four levels of irrigation water salinity (S1 = 0.5; S2 = 1.5; S3 = 3.0 and S4 = 4.5 dS m-1), and five blocks, totaling 60 experimental units. Sixty days after transplanting (DAT) and application of treatments, the following variables related to plant growth were measured: number of leaves (NL), pseudostem diameter (PD), plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), and root length (RL). The rise in saline levels in the irrigation water negatively influenced the variables number of leaves, pseudostem diameter, root length, and leaf area, showing a decreasing linear behavior. The variables number of leaves and leaf area of seedlings inoculated in association with Bacillus spp. did not differ from each other, regardless of the saline level. This indicated a likely increase in the response to the salinity tolerance of the seedlings. Treatment with Osmocote® fertilizer differed statistically for variables plant height, pseudostem diameter, and leaf area.
Amino acid residues at core protein dimer-dimer interface modulate multiple steps of hepatitis B virus replication and HBeAg biogenesis
Authors: Liu Hui , Cheng Junjun , Viswanathan Usha , Chang Jinhong , Lu Fengmin , Guo Ju-Tao
Published: November 2021

The core protein (Cp) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) assembles pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and viral DNA polymerase to form nucleocapsids where the reverse transcriptional viral DNA replication takes place. Core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) inhibit HBV replication by binding to a hydrophobic “HAP” pocket at Cp dimer-dimer interfaces to misdirect the assembly of Cp dimers into aberrant or morphologically “normal” capsids devoid of pgRNA. We report herein that a panel of CpAM-resistant Cp with single amino acid substitution of residues at the dimer-dimer interface not only disrupted pgRNA packaging, but also compromised nucleocapsid envelopment, virion infectivity and covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA biosynthesis. Interestingly, these mutations also significantly reduced the secretion of HBeAg. Biochemical analysis revealed that the CpAM-resistant mutations in the context of precore protein (p25) did not affect the levels of p22 produced by signal peptidase removal of N-terminal 19 amino acid residues, but significantly reduced p17, which is produced by furin cleavage of C-terminal arginine-rich domain of p22 and secreted as HBeAg. Interestingly, p22 existed as both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms. While the unphosphorylated p22 is in the membranous secretary organelles and the precursor of HBeAg, p22 in the cytosol and nuclei is hyperphosphorylated at the C-terminal arginine-rich domain and interacts with Cp to disrupt capsid assembly and viral DNA replication. The results thus indicate that in addition to nucleocapsid assembly, interaction of Cp at dimer-dimer interface also plays important roles in the production and infectivity of progeny virions through modulation of nucleocapsid envelopment and uncoating. Similar interaction at reduced p17 dimer-dimer interface appears to be important for its metabolic stability and sensitivity to CpAM suppression of HBeAg secretion.
Overcoming Fear
Authors: Briggs Chloé
Published: November 2021

A personal journey reflecting on the motivation for and content of my teaching. I use the rhythm of a walk in remote countryside in France and the city of Paris to lead the writing: what I notice, the sensations of my body in different spaces and contexts, and draw upon the ideas that inspire me.
Sobre la Estromatologia
Authors: Falcón Luis Álvarez
Published: November 2021

Entrevista realizada al pensador español en el contexto de la Jornada Internacional de Estudos Fenomenológicos: em redor do Pensamento de Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina, celebrada en la Sala Vítor Matos de la Faculdade de Letras de la Universidade de Coimbra, a las 17h., del día 6 de marzo de 2020. En ella podrán leer las interpelaciones que un discípulo hace a su maestro, en dieciocho preguntas que van desde el sentido de la Filosofía para el pensador hasta sus derroteros vitales e históricos, pasando por los temas más candentes en la trayectoria profesional del autor de la Estromatología.
Fenomenología renovada. Marc y Ricardo en Coimbra
Authors: García Pelayo Pérez
Published: November 2021

Hay autores, como Gustavo Bueno o Marc Richir, por citar aquellos verdaderamente extraordinarios que nos vinculan ineluctablemente a Ricardo, en los cuales la exigencia constructiva nos obliga a descubrir un “plano de consistencia” para así recorrer el edificio en el que nos invitaban a entrar con toda una promesa, con una estructura tal que, en cada estancia, nuestras preguntas, nuestras sospechas, incluso nuestras esperanzas, iban acomodándose, encontrando la figura, la geometría exacta de su ubicación. En esta ocasión intentaremos presentar aquella vinculación à pretexto de las visitas a Coimbra de Marc Richir e Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina.
Introdução
Authors: Lourenço António Apolinário , Delgado Antonio Sáez
Published: November 2021

O número da Revista de Estudos Literários que tem nas suas mãos ou no seu ecrã é dedicado aos Estudos Ibéricos, designação que tem hoje frequentemente o sentido restrito de um campo académico, surgido aproximadamente nos anos 80 do século passado, e que, em articulação com os Area Studies, centra a sua atenção na Península Ibérica, entendida como um sistema complexo de relações históricas e culturais.
Iberianism and crisis: Spain and Portugal at the turn of the twentieth century. Robert Patrick Newcomb. Toronto: Univ. Toronto Press, 2018 246 páginas. ISBN 9781487502966
Authors: Duarte David
Published: November 2021

Robert Newcomb é Professor em Estudos Luso-Brasileiros e Literaturas Hispano-Latino Americanas na Universidade da Califórnia em Davis. É codiretor do Departamento de Espanhol e Português assim como fundador e codiretor do Grupo de Investigação em Estudos Ibéricos Comparados da Universidade da Califórnia.
Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminant flocks in Karnataka in the Southern Province of India
Authors: Natesan Krithiga , Kalleshamurthy Triveni , Nookala Mangadevi , Yadav Chaitra , Mohandoss Nagalingam , Skariah Somy , Sahay Swati , Shome Bibek Ranjan , Kumar Obli Rajendran Vinodh , Rahman Habibur , Shome Rajeswari
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India.

Materials and Methods: Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural). A total of 1499 serum samples; 1001 from sheeps and 498 from goats were sourced from six sheep and four goat farms and tested using Rose Bengal Plate and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests.

Results: The apparent prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep (8.29%, 95% CI 6.7-10.1) than goats (5.82%, 95% CI 4.0-8.2). The true adjusted population level seroprevalence was also higher in sheep, at 7.7% (95% CI 6.0-9.6) than in goats, at 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). According to bivariate categorical analysis, six highly significant (p<0.001) animal- and farm-level risk factors for sheep were age, breed, number of lambings, history of abortion, rural farms, and presence of dogs on the farm. In goats, five significant risk factors were found: History of abortion, separate sheds, dogs on the farm, weekly veterinary consultation, and lack of brucellosis awareness. In a logistic regression model, abortion (OR adjusted 10.8, 95% CI 1.2-96.12), rural farms (OR adjusted 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.0), and absence of separate sheds on the farms (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1- 3.5) were found to be significant risk factors for ovine brucellosis.

Conclusion: The use of complementary measures to tackle the multiple animal- and farm-level risk factors may help to reduce the disease burden in the absence of a vaccination policy for small ruminants in India.
THE SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF FDI ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM THE FIVE PRIORITY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Juda Martin , Kudo Toshihiro
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the effects of FDI spillover on labor productivity of the firms in the five priority manufacturing sector industries in Indonesia, namely food and beverages, textiles, wearing apparel and footwear, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, electronics, and automotive and transport equipment industries. Using unbalanced firm-level data from 2000 to 2015, we find positive spillover effects in the horizontal linkages, which measure the presence of foreign firms on the labor productivity of local firms in the same industry. However, the effects of FDI on the labor productivity of domestic in backward linkages shows negative results, which means foreign buyers fail to give benefits to domestic suppliers. Moreover, the relationship between foreign suppliers and domestic buyers in the forward linkages also show negative spillover effects. These findings are also in line when the analyses are disaggregated into each industry, except for the electronics industry. Based on the different results of the three linkages of spillover effects, our findings suggest that the FDI spillover has not provided comprehensive benefits for local firms.
Analyzing Factors Affecting Indonesian Food Price Inflation
Authors: Farandy Alan Ray
Published: November 2021

In the last decade, inflation in Indonesia dominantly influenced by volatile food (consists mostly of food commodities) and administered price, the core inflation has been relatively stable. The food contribution in the Living Cost Survey (SBH) has a substantial contribution in order to measuring the inflation. This paper aims to analyze empirical condition how the pattern of food price with other commodities price, particularly on energy commodities (housing and transportation). Using monthly series of consumer price index from 2004 to 2017 with 168 series total observation, we estimated a vector error-correction model (VECM). With assumption that the prices variable in estimation process have perfect information, the paper shows that the major drivers of Indonesian food price inflation are the food itself up to the two previous periods by the demand supply interaction rather than housing and transportation prices. Therefore, the authorities of inflation controlling are likely to be focus on maintaining the supply and demand of food commodities to control food price inflation.
DETERMINAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT ASIA DARI SISI KUALITAS INSTITUSI DAN INDIKATOR EKONOMI
Authors: Pramuji Saraswati Dyah , Sugiarto
Published: November 2021

Asia diharapkan menjadi pemimpin ekonomi dunia beberapa tahun ke depan. Namun, kenyataannya kesejahteraan masyarakat Asia masih jauh dari harapan sehingga menjadi tantangan yang perlu dihadapi dalam pembangunan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh efisiensi pengeluaran pemerintah, indeks persepsi korupsi, ekspor, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)  inflow, dan jumlah tenaga kerja terhadap PDB per kapita sebagai indikator kesejahteraan ekonomi di Asia tahun 2012-2016. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah data envelopment analysis (DEA) dan regresi data panel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa variabel efisiensi pengeluaran pemerintah, indeks persepsi korupsi, ekspor, dan jumlah angkatan kerja berpengaruh signifikan (tingkat signifikansi 5%) dengan arah pengaruh positif pada PDB per kapita, sementara FDI inflow tidak berpengaruh.
Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Bank Konvensional terhadap Tingkat Keuntungan Bank Syariah
Authors: Adina Astasia  , Faeni You Ari
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia sangat pesat beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Namun, market share perbankan syariah masih jauh di bawah harapan. Kajian-kajian teori sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa lingkungan persaingan antar bank, dalam hal ini bank konvensional dan bank syariah, sangat mempengaruhi kinerja bank syariah. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan bank konvensional yang digambarkan dengan tingkat suku bunga (SB) terhadap keuntungan bank syariah yang digambarkan dengan Return on Assets (ROA). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Vector Autoregressive (VAR) dengan tambahan analisis Impulse Response Function (IRF) dan Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDC). Hasil analisis menggunakan VAR (1) menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif signifikan pada ) jika terjadi shock pada tingkat suku bunga tabungan bank konvensional (SB). Kondisi ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian  Haron dan Ahmad (2000); Haron (2004), serta Zainol dan Kassim (2012) yang mengemukakan bahwa apabila tingkat suku bunga tabungan bank konvensional meningkat, maka nasabah bank syariah akan beralih ke bank kovensional yang dianggap memberikan keuntungan lebih besar, sehingga keuntungan bank syariah mengalami penurunan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua konsumen bank syariah merupakan konsumen yang loyalis, perbankan syariah dituntut bertindak rasional, yaitu dengan cara menetapkan tingkat bagi hasil yang  kompetitif  terhadap  tingkat suku bunga bank konvensional.
Phytotherapeutic mechanism of medicinal plants with wound-healing potential: a mini-review
Authors: EMMANUEL Stephen , ADESIBIKAN Ademidun Adeola , OLADEJI Oluwole Solomon
Published: November 2021

The applications of medicinal plant species for diverse therapeutic effects are well documented throughout the world. In recent times, the screening of higher plants for unique biologically active compounds, particularly those with pronounced therapeutic potency, has received the interest of the science community. A wound is a loss or break in the anatomic stability of active tissue. It not only poses a physical and mental threat to zillions of people but could cause the failure of multiple organs, amputation, and even death. Therefore, thousands of plants have been screened to obtain active metabolites or compounds that can accelerate the process of restoring the damaged tissue structure and inhibit the probability of infections. Due to the severity of wounds to the human body, it is essential to explore safe, economical, and environmentally friendly therapeutics from nature.
This review aims to conduct a comprehensive search of medicinal herbs to uncover their therapeutic potential, identify gaping holes, and assess future research prospects that could lead to the discovery of novel pharmacophores. Thus, the review is tailored towards the appraisals of phytotherapeutic mechanism and wound healing efficacy of medicinal plants, which will help spur future research and improve our current knowledge leading to the unearthing of novel and potent pharmacophores with pronounced wound healing potentials. Several medicinal plants with scientifically proven wound-healing activities are reported and discussed alongside phytochemicals present their various extracts and isolates.
The achievable wound-healing closure rate of each plant was also reported with a focus on what is responsible for the healing rate.