bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a whole‐system framework for wildfire monitoring using Earth observations
Authors: Crowley Morgan A. , Stockdale Christopher A. , Johnston Joshua M. , Wulder Michael A. , Liu Tianjia , McCarty Jessica L. , Rieb Jesse T. , Cardille Jeffrey A. , White Joanne C.
Published: December 2022

Fire seasons have become increasingly variable and extreme due to changing climatological, ecological, and social conditions. Earth observation data are critical for monitoring fires and their impacts. Herein, we present a whole‐system framework for identifying and synthesizing fire monitoring objectives and data needs throughout the life cycle of a fire event. The four stages of fire monitoring using Earth observation data include the following: (1) pre‐fire vegetation inventories, (2) active‐fire monitoring, (3) post‐fire assessment, and (4) multi‐scale synthesis. We identify the challenges and opportunities associated with current approaches to fire monitoring, highlighting four case studies from North American boreal, montane, and grassland ecosystems. While the case studies are localized to these ecosystems and regional contexts, they provide insights for others experiencing similar monitoring challenges worldwide. The field of remote sensing is experiencing a rapid proliferation of new data sources, providing observations that can inform all aspects of our fire monitoring framework; however, significant challenges for meeting fire monitoring objectives remain. We identify future opportunities for data sharing and rapid co‐development of information products using cloud computing that benefits from open‐access Earth observation and other geospatial data layers.
HISTORICAL PRACTICE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL HISTORY
Authors: TORGERSON JESSE W.
Published: December 2022

The current digital historical moment is an opportunity to formulate a new theory of historical practice. Our field's long‐standing passive reliance on the widespread explanation of historical practice as deriving information from “primary sources” is unhelpful, incoherent, misleading, and an active inhibition to new opportunities. Our reliance on an incoherent explanation means our students are not given a precise description of our historical practice but instead learn to imitate us by gradually adopting disciplinary norms conveyed through exemplary models and the critique of work performed. Furthermore, our reliance on a misleading explanation of method means we lack a common terminology with which we all can coherently explain to our peers what we actually do. We know this, and yet we have provided no alternative. The current moment offers an opportunity to provide a theory of the practice of history that encompasses contemporary, traditional, and even ancient historical methods: capturing sources, producing data, and creating facts. Wide acceptance and implementation of a sources‐data‐facts model of historical practice will accelerate student understanding, improve communication with other disciplines, erase the apparent distinction between (so‐called) analog and digital history, and provide a framework for the publication of historical data as a valuable end in and of itself.
Characterisation of gluten‐free couscous produced with different legume flours by traditional method
Authors: Boudouira Nassira , Yüksel Ayşe Nur , Bayram Mustafa , Benatallah Leila , Zidoune Mohammed Nasreddine
Published: December 2022

Couscous is a traditional cereal product usually prepared using semolina; however, couscous may be produced with different flours as well as gluten‐free flours. In this study, gluten‐free couscous was prepared by supplementing rice flour with flours of field bean, chickpea and lentil (90/10 or 70/30%, w/w). The objective of this study was to develop gluten‐free couscous and determine the quality, texture, microstructure and sensory properties, which these properties were used for characterisation. The results revealed that the gluten‐free couscous had low water absorption capacity, low swelling and cohesion and slightly high disintegration degree compared to the control couscous. Protein, lipid and ash contents were improved following the supplementation while lightness and hardness were negatively affected. Even though there was no gluten, the significant yield was obtained during production. Moreover, the quality, texture and sensory properties of gluten‐free couscous were close to those of the control couscous. Gluten‐free couscous production was successfully achieved for whom wants to consume gluten‐free products as a lifestyle.
Antibody responses to COVID‐19 vaccination in people with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ou Xiaodan , Jiang Jialin , Lin Bingqian , Liu Qinyu , Lin Wei , Chen Gang , Wen Junping
Published: December 2022

COVID‐19 vaccine is critical in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and transmission. However, obesity's effect on immune responses to COVID‐19 vaccines is still unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis of the literature and compared antibody responses with COVID‐19 vaccines among persons with and without obesity. We used Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all related studies up to April 2022. The Stata.14 software was used to analyze the selected data. Eleven studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. Five of them provided absolute values of antibody titers in the obese group and non‐obese group. Overall, we found that the obese population was significantly associated with lower antibody titers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.228, 95% CI [−0.437, −0.019], P < 0.001) after COVID‐19 vaccination. Significant heterogeneity was present in most pooled analyses but was reduced after subgroup analyses. No publication bias was observed in the present analysis. The Trim and Fill method did not change the results in the primary analysis. The present meta‐analysis suggested that obesity was significantly associated with decreased antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. Future studies should be performed to unravel the mechanism of response to the COVID‐19 vaccine in obese individuals.
Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review
Authors: Kanta Jiri , Zavadakova Anna , Sticova Eva , Dubsky Michal
Published: December 2022

Metabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non‐healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
Clin‐STAR corner: Recent practice‐changing studies at the interface of pulmonary and critical care medicine and geriatrics
Authors: Jain Snigdha , Witt Leah J. , Ferrante Lauren E.
Published: December 2022

Older adults suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease, and critical illnesses, such as sepsis and acute respiratory failure, are more vulnerable to adverse outcomes like disability and greater side effects from treatments. In this update, we discuss recent practice‐changing clinical trials and observational studies in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine that have advanced our understanding of the diagnosis or management of older adults with chronic lung diseases or critical illnesses.
The effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Iskender Mahinur Durmus , Gülsoy Ahmet , Özcan Ebru , Uyan Yusuf
Published: December 2022

Background

University students are generally quite active in social life. It is thought that their fear of contagion/being contagious will affect their depression, anxiety and stress levels due to the removal of restrictions and the increase in individual responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This study, descriptive and cross‐sectional. Quantitative data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Fear of Contagion/Transmission Scale and the Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale. The sample included 3500 participants. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used in this study.

Results

This study revealed that the depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal, and these results were mostly associated with females, those with a chronic disease and high fear of contagion/being contagious.

Conclusion

The findings of this study may be useful for precautionary plans to support the psychological health of university students after the COVID‐19 pandemic and in the fight against possible new pandemics. Considering the findings of our study, educational programs should be planned for youth in general and university students in particular to deal with depression, anxiety, stress and fears.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal. As the fear of contamination and contagion increases, the level of depression, anxiety and stress increases. Those with chronic diseases have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress.

Patient or Public Contribution

Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. Data collection tools were prepared on Google Forms, and then, links were shared with student groups over social media. Students shared the link on their social platforms, allowing it to reach wider audiences.
Molecular characterization of wild tomato mosaic virus and chilli veinal mottle virus mix‐infecting chilli pepper in China
Authors: Hu Yongliang , Chen Yuqin , Su Xiaoxia , Huang Jiawei , Yin Hongxing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhongkai , Ding Yong , Zheng Kuanyu
Published: December 2022

The present study described molecular characterization of two potyviruses: wild tomato mosaic virus Dehong isolate (WTMV‐Dh) and chilli veinal mottle virus Dehong isolate (ChiVMV‐Dh) mix‐infection chilli pepper and assessed their mix‐infection on chilli pepper. Transcriptome next‐generation sequencing technology (NGS) and RT‐PCR were used to obtain the complete genome sequences of the abovementioned two viruses. The results showed that the complete sequence of WTMV‐Dh is 9675 nucleotides (nt) in length and encodes a complete polyprotein of 3075 amino acids (aa). The WTMV‐Dh polyprotein shares 76.1%–82.6% nt and 85.3%–89.5% aa identities with three previously reported WTMV isolates. The complete sequence of ChiVMV‐Dh is 9736 nt in length and encodes a complete polyprotein with 3, 089 aa. ChiVMV‐Dh polyprotein shares 80.8%–92.2% nt and 85.3%–95.6% aa identities with previously reported ChiVMV isolates. Following phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein sequences of potyviruses revealed that WTMV‐Dh clustered with the Vietnam strain WTMV‐Laichau, while ChiVMV‐Dh clustered with several ChiVMV Sichuan isolates. The mix‐inoculation experiment showed that the mix‐infection of these two viruses has more severe symptoms than single‐infection.
Factors predicting treatment success in mixed urinary incontinence treated with midurethral sling
Authors: Ozkurkcugil Cuneyd , Avci Ibrahim Erkut
Published: December 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate success rates and predictive factors for midurethral slings (MUS) in women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI).

Methods

Women with MUI (urodynamically diagnosed detrusor overactivity and stress urinary incontinence) treated with MUS between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Prior to MUS, all participants completed bladder diary and questionnaires and underwent a urodynamic study. Six months after surgery, patients were evaluated for lower urinary tract symptoms with pelvic examination, pad test, and the 8‐item Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB‐V8) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short‐Form (ICIQ‐SF). Success rates after MUS were determined separately according to the predominant component of MUI. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most important independent variables affecting the surgical outcome.

Results

There were 117 participants. The overall MUI cure rate was 73.5%, but surgical success in the presence of postoperative urgency was 60.7%. Moreover, MUS success rate was 84.8% in those with preoperative stress‐dominant MUI. However, the success rates for equally and urgency‐dominant MUI were both 29.4%. Preoperative OAB‐V8 score, symptom duration >9.5 years, and preoperative anticholinergic medication were risk factors for persistent urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) postoperatively (p < .05). In addition, diabetes mellitus (DM) for persistent urgency and voiding frequency (daily) for persistent UUI were predictive factors (p < .05).

Conclusions

MUS may be offered to women with stress‐dominant MUI. However, postoperative urgency might change a patient's perception of treatment despite successful incontinence treatment. MUS does not appear to be a good option when MUI patients have a high OAB‐V8 score, symptom duration >9.5 years, DM, or use of anticholinergic medication preoperatively.
Roles of the transcriptional regulators Fts1, YlNrg1, YlTup1, and YlSsn6 in the repression of the yeast‐to‐filament transition in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Mao Yi‐Sheng , Chen Jia‐Wen , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Xu Meng‐Yang , Gao Xiang‐Dong
Published: December 2022

In dimorphic fungi, the yeast‐to‐filament transition critical for cell survival under nutrient starvation is controlled by both activators and repressors. However, very few filamentation repressors are known. Here we report that, in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the conserved transcription factor YlNrg1 plays a minor role whereas Fts1, a newly identified Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc cluster transcription factor, plays a key role in filamentation repression. FTS1 deletion caused hyperfilamentation whereas Fts1 overexpression drastically reduced filamentation. The expression of FTS1 is downregulated substantially during the yeast‐to‐filament transition. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Fts1 represses 401 genes, including the filamentation‐activating transcription factor genes MHY1, YlAZF1, and YlWOR4 and key cell wall protein genes. Tup1‐Ssn6, a general transcriptional corepressor, is involved in the repression of many cellular functions in fungi. We show that both YlTup1 and YlSsn6 strongly repress filamentation in Y. lipolytica. YlTup1 and YlSsn6 together repress 1383 genes, including a large number of transcription factor and cell wall protein genes, which overlap substantially with Fts1‐repressed genes. Fts1 interacts with both YlTup1 and YlSsn6, and LexA‐Fts1 fusion represses a lexAop‐promoter‐lacZ reporter in a Tup1‐Ssn6‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest that Fts1 functions as a transcriptional repressor, directing the repression of target genes through the Tup1‐Ssn6 corepressor.
When nationalism beats populism: The secessionist movement in Texas
Authors: Pérez‐Boquete Roi , Bello Gabriel G
Published: December 2022

Six members of the Republican Party have presented and supported a House Bill in the Texas House of Representatives proposing a referendum to decide whether Texas should leave the United States. This initiative has been seen as a success by the Texas Nationalist Movement, who has been advocating for Texit for years. Applying frame analysis on an extended corpus of Texas nationalist sympathisers' statements, this article empirically explores the discourse of the Texas Nationalist Movement. The analysis contributes to recent literature on new nationalist movements and shows that Texas nationalism articulates its discourse around a homogeneous and exclusionary national conception based on the need to achieve independence as a solution to the country's problems.
The micro‐morphological characteristics of Cyrtomium Presl (Dryopteridaceae) from Shandong, China and their taxonomic significance
Authors: Li Xiao‐Juan , Zhang Xian‐Chun , Li Hong , Li Jian‐Xiu
Published: December 2022

The fern genus Cyrtomium is generally recognized as a genus difficult to identify taxonomically. Here, the micro‐morphological characteristics of nine species and one cultivar of Cyrtomium from Shandong Province of China were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM): C. confertiserratum, C. falcatum, C. fortunei, C. polypterum, C. reflexosquamatum, C. semifertile, C. shandongensis, C. tukusicola, C. yamamotoi and C. yamamotoi var. intermedium. The morphology of the pinna margin, upper and lower epidermis, indusia, shape of pinnae, sori distribution and spore morphology were carefully examined and photographed under SEM. The results showed that the micro‐morphological characteristics of the pinna margin, upper and lower epidermis, indusia and spore morphology were stable within species and show significant differences between interspecies. The results provide not only important scientific evidence for the micro‐morphological classification and identification of Cyrtomium, but also an important scientific basis for the development and utilization of this genus for medicine use and the protection of germplasm resources.
Toxic Interaction Between Solar Radiation and Cigarette Smoke on Primary Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Grenier Alexe , Morissette Mathieu C. , Rochette Patrick J. , Pouliot Roxane
Published: December 2022

Solar radiation and cigarette smoke are two environmental risk factors known to affect skin integrity. Although the toxic effects of these factors on skin have been widely studied separately, few studies have focused on their interaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate and understand the synergistic harmful effects of cigarette smoke and solar rays on human primary keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and then irradiated with a solar simulator light (SSL). The viability, as determined by measuring metabolic activity of skin cells, and the levels of global reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated after exposure to CSE and SSL. The combination of 3% CSE with 29 kJ m−2 UVA caused a decrease of 81% in cell viability, while with 10% to 20% CSE, the cell viability was null. This phototoxicity was accompanied by an increase in singlet oxygen but a decrease in type I ROS when CSE and SSL were combined in vitro. Surprisingly, an increase in the CSE's total antioxidant capacity was also observed. These results suggest a synergy between the two environmental factors in their effect on skin cells, and more precisely a phototoxicity causing a drastic decrease in cell viability.
Enhancing reef restoration by assessing stakeholder knowledge, attitudes, and preferences
Authors: Ng Chin Soon Lionel , Toh Tai Chong , Toh Kok Ben , Sam Shu Qin , Kikuzawa Yuichi Preslie , Chou Loke Ming , Huang Danwei
Published: December 2022

Coral restoration has largely focused on improving techniques and biological yield to hasten reef recovery. However, as socioeconomic considerations can affect restoration success, it is important to also consider inputs from various stakeholders in the design and execution of restoration projects. Through online questionnaires, the knowledge levels and attitudes of 142 participants toward coral ecology and restoration in Singapore, and their preferences toward species traits they felt were most beneficial for restoring reefs, were analyzed. Comprising varied sociodemographic profiles and stakeholder groups, participants fared better in general coral biology (up to 90% of answers correct) than local coastal resource management (35% of answers correct). More than 79% of participants agreed that Singapore's reefs were rapidly degrading and required restoration to slow the decline; however, over 63% of them disagreed that restoration was the sole domain of scientists or that the topic had been sufficiently communicated to the public. These knowledge scores and attitudes were most influenced by stakeholder group, educational level, and familiarity with local reefs, underscoring the need to improve environmental education and science communication to these groups. In the trait prioritization exercise involving 76 respondents, resilience and resistance to stress were regarded as most important for restoring reefs. Marine science professionals and nondivers preferred using species that could cope with stress, while nature enthusiasts and recreational divers considered habitat contribution by various coral growth forms as more important. The adaptable framework here facilitates integration of stakeholder inputs with the necessary strategies to boost restoration outcomes.
Defending the Commons: New Frontiers in Latin American Perspectives on Environmental Justice
Authors: Hernández Vidal Nathalia , Merlinsky Gabriela , Bolados Paola
Published: December 2022

Environmental Justice scholarship and action have different histories and genealogies. In this article, we combine our interdisciplinary formations in philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and feminist political ecology to examine three case studies that show how place‐based communities understand, enact, and embody their struggle for environmental justice. We draw from Latin American and Caribbean scholarship on these issues and our experience in the field in Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. Our cases reveal that environmental‐driven grassroots organizing has a territorial inscription articulated around the defense of the commons and life itself [the right to existence, as many communities frame it]. The cases reflect communities' complex histories of colonial occupation, capitalism, and development. At the same time, they shed light on the transformations people envision. Thus, while some of the communities' actions enact decolonial practices, others inhabit a more fluid space of political contestation.
Was Baltica part of Rodinia?
Authors: Slagstad Trond , Kulakov Evgeniy V. , Anderson Mark W. , Saalmann Kerstin , Kirkland Christopher L. , Henderson Iain H. C. , Ganerød Morgan
Published: December 2022

Late Ediacaran opening of the Iapetus Ocean is typically considered to reflect separation of Baltica and Laurentia during final breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, with subsequent closure during the Caledonian Orogeny. However, evidence of the pre‐opening juxtaposition of Baltica and Laurentia is limited to purportedly similar apparent polar wander paths and correlation of Rodinia‐forming orogenic events. We show that a range of existing data do not unequivocally support correlation of these orogens, and that geologic and palaeomagnetic data instead favour separation of Baltica and Laurentia as early as 1.1–1.2 Ga. Furthermore, new detrital zircon U–Pb age and Ar–Ar thermochronological data from Norway point towards an active western Baltican margin throughout most of the Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic. These findings are inconsistent with the majority of palaeogeographic reconstructions that place Baltica near the core of the Rodinia supercontinent.
Association of point‐of‐care blood variables obtained from dogs and cats during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and following return of spontaneous circulation with patient outcomes
Authors: Hoehne Sabrina N. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate the association of point‐of‐care biochemical variables obtained during CPR or within 24 hours of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with patient outcomes.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Ninety‐four dogs and 27 cats undergoing CPR according to the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation guidelines.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Blood gas, acid–base, electrolyte, glucose, and plasma lactate values obtained during CPR or within 24 hours of ROSC were retrospectively evaluated and are described. The blood sample type and collection time with respect to CPR initiation and ROSC were recorded. Measured variables, collection times, and species were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of ROSC, sustained ROSC (≥20 min), and survival to hospital discharge. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Seventy‐two venous blood samples obtained during CPR and 45 first venous and arterial blood samples obtained after ROSC were included in logistic regression analysis. During CPR, PvO2 (1.09 [1.036–1.148], P = 0.001) and venous standard base excess (SBE) (1.207 [1.094–1.331], P < 0.001) were associated with ROSC. PvO2 (1.075 [1.028–1.124], P = 0.002), SBE (1.171 [1.013–1.353], P = 0.032), and potassium concentration (0.635 [0.426–0.946], P = 0.026) were associated with sustained ROSC. Potassium concentration (0.235 [0.083–0.667], P = 0.007) was associated with survival to hospital discharge. Following ROSC, pH (69.110 [4.393–1087], P = 0.003), potassium concentration (0.222 [0.071–0.700], P = 0.010), and chloride concentration (0.805 [0.694–0.933], P = 0.004) were associated with survival to hospital discharge.

Conclusions

Biochemical variables such as PvO2, SBE, and potassium concentration during CPR and pH, potassium, and chloride concentration in the postarrest period may help identify dogs and cats with lower odds for ROSC or survival to hospital discharge following CPR.
Red cell distribution width values and red cell distribution width‐to‐platelet ratio in Thoroughbred foals in the first 24 hours of life
Authors: Scalco Rebeca , Aleman Monica , Nogueira Carlos E. W. , Freitas Natalia B. , Curcio Bruna R.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To report red cell distribution width (RDW) values, to calculate RDW‐to‐platelet ratio (RPR), and to investigate a possible correlation of RDW and RPR index values in neonatal foals classified as healthy or at risk based on clinical information from a population of foals up to 24 hours of life.

Design

Retrospective study conducted from records and CBCs of foals born between June and November from 2018 to 2020 foaling seasons.

Setting

Breeding farm.

Animals

Three hundred and nine neonatal full‐term Thoroughbred foals.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Foals were evaluated by a veterinarian within 15 minutes after birth, and a blood sample was collected within 24 hours of life. Based on clinical information, 88 of 309 foals (28.4%) were considered at risk of perinatal disease, and 201 were healthy. Mean gestational age for the foals was 346.3 ± 9.7 days. RDW values did not differ between groups. Gestational length demonstrated to have a negative correlation with RDW (r = –0.156, P = 0.005) and mean corpuscular volume (r = –0.135, P = 0.01), indicating a link of these variables to foal maturity. RPR index was higher for at‐risk (0.073 ± 0.018) than for healthy foals (0.068 ± 0.014, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

RPR might be a promising early indicator of disease for the field triage of neonatal foals.
The Buhari State and the Origins of Banditry in Nigeria
Authors: Okwelum C. O.
Published: December 2022

Although the origin of banditry in Nigeria is far beyond the Buhari State, he was voted into power largely on the premonition that he had the capacity to tame the scourge of terrorism, banditry and insurgency that became incipient immediately after the military handover of the reins of power to civilians in 1990. But from 1990 up to 2015, the nation began a fall down a slippery slope and by 2022 the nation had gone down the valley of conflicts of all hews. This paper which adopts doctrinal method, attempts a critical survey of the social problem of insecurity in Nigeria particularly in the nature of terrorism, banditry and insurgency, relating the survey to the role of the Buhari State which has been widely complicit in the conflict even though the administration had persistently claimed that its patriotism is deep and un-wavered. The paper further interrogates the administration in the face of the violent activities of Islamic militant groups in the north and separatist agitations in the east and west of Nigeria and against the background of their propulsion of the herder-farmer conflicts all over the country. The study finds that the Buhari State is indictable as it is shown to be partisan; and had largely reneged on the ideological vortex upon which it was propelled to power leaving the ship of state adrift perilously towards the 2023 vacation date of the administration.
Delineating the impacts of air temperature and humidity for endurance exercise
Authors: Jenkins Elliott J. , Campbell Holly A. , Lee Jason K. W. , Mündel Toby , Cotter James D.
Published: December 2022

Many studies have reported that ambient heat stress increases physiological and perceptual strain and impairs endurance exercise, but effects of air temperature per se remain almost unexamined. Most studies have used matched relative humidity, thereby exponentially increasing absolute humidity (water content in air) concurrently with temperature. Absolute (not relative) humidity governs evaporative rate and is more important at higher work rates and air temperatures. Therefore, we examined the independent effects of air temperature and humidity on performance, thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual measures during endurance exercise. Utilizing a crossover design, 14 trained participants (7 females) completed 45 min fixed‐intensity cycling (70% ) followed by a 20‐km time trial in each of four environments: three air temperatures at matched absolute humidity (Cool, 18°C; Moderate, 27°C; and Hot, 36°C; at 1.96 kPa, air velocity ∼4.5 m/s), and one at elevated humidity (Hot Humid, 36°C at 3.92 kPa). Warmer air caused warmer skin (0.5°C/°C; P < 0.001), higher heart rate (1 bpm/°C; P < 0.001), sweat rate (0.04 l/h/°C; P < 0.001) and thermal perceptions during fixed‐intensity exercise, but minimally affected core temperature (<0.01°C/°C; P = 0.053). Time‐trial performance was comparable between Cool and Moderate (95% CI: –1.4, 5.9%; P = 0.263), but 3.6–6% slower in Hot (95% CI: ±2.4%; P ≤ 0.006). Elevated humidity increased core temperature (P < 0.001), perceived temperature and discomfort but not skin temperature or heart rate, and reduced mean blood pressure (P = 0.046) during fixed‐intensity exercise. Elevated humidity impaired time‐trial performance by 3.4% (95% CI: ±2.2%; P = 0.006). In conclusion, these findings quantify the importance of absolute humidity alongside air temperature when exercising under severe heat stress.
The Separation of Liquid from Vapor, Using Cyclones
Authors: Pollak Arthur , Work L. T.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the various types of cyclones are reviewed and the data on their performance are summarized. Experiments with cyclones for separating liquids from vapors are described. The performance data obtained conform to the equation log [Lv (V/L)a] = b + cV; where Lv is the entrainment or liquid remaining in the effluent vapor, V is the vapor velocity, L is the liquid velocity, all in units of pounds per minute per square foot of inlet-duct cross section. Terms a, b, and c are constants associated with the equipment and its mode of operation. The principal source of the entrainment is shown to be the wall creep of liquid in the cyclone, impelled by the radial component of the vapor velocity.
The Performance of Flat-Plate Solar-Heat Collectors
Authors: Hottel H. C. , Woertz B. B.
Published: December 2022

The great magnitude of solar-energy flux on the earth has stimulated a number of attempts at its more effective utilization during the last 60 years. Mouchot (1, 2) and Pifre (3, 2) in France, Shuman (4) in Egypt, Ericsson (5), Willsie (6), Shuman (7), and more recently Abbot (8) in America are but a few of the names associated with attempts to prove the economic feasibility of converting solar energy to heat and transferring that heat to the working fluid (steam, air, and sulphur dioxide have been used) of a heat engine. Recently Dr. Godfrey L. Cabot has made possible a continuing research on the problem by establishing an endowment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for studying means of more effective utilization of solar energy. Four projects are under way: three in the fields of photochemistry, photoelectricity, and thermoelectricity. The fourth follows the conventional attack on the problem, namely, the collection of solar energy in the form of heat in a fluid and the utilization of that heat. The present paper is a first quantitative report on progress in the last field.
Stability Characteristics of Turbine Oils
Authors: Peterson Howard R.
Published: December 2022

This paper reviews the phenomena of turbine oil oxidation, its effects on turbine lubrication, and the use of inhibitors. Service data on an inhibited turbine oil, free from asphaltene-forming constituents, manufactured by the author’s company and used in 560 turbines, are presented. These data show a retention of essential properties after 14 years of service. The problem of turbine corrosion is briefly dealt with, responsibility for its prevention being placed upon designers and operators as well as upon oil refiners.
A Method of Estimating the Circulation in Steam-Boiler-Furnace Circuits
Authors: Markson A. A. , Ravese T. , Humphreys C. G. R.
Published: December 2022

The estimation of the quantity of circulation in modern high-pressure boiler-furnace circuits is not essentially new, especially to the literature abroad. Methods popularized by Münzinger and others are based on an air-lift analogy and, while straightforward, are tedious of application. The method developed by the authors is essentially an inversion of the problem as previously conceived. It consists of solving a simple equation by the use of parametric circulation curves for the heat absorption corresponding to the leaving quality of the mixture. These are given for two assumed conditions of heat transfer, that of principal heat absorption at the bottom of the tube, and that of uniform heat absorption at the length of the tube up to the critical pressure. Most commercial applications are intermediate between these two assumptions. Examples are worked out in detail to show the application. Some effects of changing circuit design are illustrated. A method of obtaining the point of maximum circulation with respect to heat absorption directly is outlined.
Does Regular Exercise Impact the Lung Function of Healthy Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Balbinot Fernanda , Claudino Felipe César de Almeida , Lucas Pedro Kazlauckas , Martins Ana Paula Donadello , Wendland Eliana M. , Gerbase Margaret W.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To assess the quality of the available evidence on the effect of exercise for the improvement of lung function in healthy children and adolescents. Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies examining the effects of regular exercise on spirometric parameters of healthy children and adolescents aged ≤18 years. Results: Within the exercise groups, there were significant improvements in forced vital capacity (mean difference: 0.17 L; 95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.26; P < .05) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (mean difference: 0.14 L; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.22; P < .05). Results were consistent across different age groups and duration of interventions. In the between-group analysis, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and peak expiratory flow were higher in the exercise group compared with the nonexercise group, but the differences did not reach statistical relevance. There was significant statistical heterogeneity between studies. Conclusion: Regular exercise has the potential to improve lung function parameters in healthy children and adolescents; however, the small number of studies and the heterogeneity between them raise concern about the quality of the currently available evidence. These findings bring to attention the need for well-designed trials addressing this important public health issue.
Degradation of HDAC10 by autophagy promotes IRF3-mediated antiviral innate immune responses
Authors: Zhou Wenkai , Wang Jiaming , Wang Xin , Wang Bingjing , Zhao Zhehui , Fu Jie , Wang Yan , Zhang Xuan , Zhu Ping , Jiang Minghong , Cao Xuetao
Published: December 2022

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in immunity and inflammation. Through functional screening, we identified HDAC10 as an inhibitor of the type I interferon (IFN) response mediated by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). HDAC10 abundance was decreased in mouse macrophages in response to innate immune stimuli and was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with that in PBMCs from healthy donors. Deficiency in HDAC10 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in mice promoted the expression of genes encoding type I IFNs and of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), leading to enhanced antiviral responses in vitro and in vivo. HDAC10 bound in a deacetylase-independent manner to IRF3 in uninfected cells to inhibit the phosphorylation of IRF3 at Ser
396
by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Upon viral infection, HDAC10 was targeted for autophagy-mediated degradation through its interaction with LC3-II. Consequently, IRF3 phosphorylation was increased, which resulted in enhanced type I IFN production and antiviral responses. Our findings identify a potential target for improving host defense responses against pathogen infection and for treating autoimmune disease.
Complete Genome Sequences of Cluster F1 Mycobacteriophages Akhila and MilanaBonita
Authors: Ahsan Umer , Ali Nimra , Akintunde Chelsea , Ali Mohamed , Bond Caroline , Canada Brittney , Choudhry Soban , Cortez Dennis , Dennis Nia , Gomez Tamia , Hameed Seerat , Higgins Daniel , Lacayo Keisha , Memon Zeeshan , Patel Shubh , Philip Joel , Polanco Ramon , Rajput Anshika , Raza Malaika , Recenello Anthony , Scariah Benjamin , Seide Emmaline , Shaji Stephany , Shalonov Ariel , Tariq Emaan , Tariq Zainab , Thomas Blessy , Reddy Rita , Nieto-Fernandez Fernando E. , Nissen Jillian C.
Published: December 2022

Akhila and MilanaBonita are mycobacteriophages that were isolated from soil in New York using
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. Both phages have genomes that are 56,251 bp long and contain 99 genes; the genomes differ by only 1 nucleotide. Based on gene content similarity to phages in the Actinobacteriophage Database, both phages are assigned to cluster F1.
Antimicrobial Activity of Tannic Acid
In Vitro
and Its Protective Effect on Mice against Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Wang Weigang , Cao Jing , Yang Jing , Niu Xiaoran , Liu Xiaoxuan , Zhai Yu , Qiang Cuixin , Niu Yanan , Li Zhirong , Dong Ning , Wen Baojiang , Ouyang Zirou , Zhang Yulian , Li Jiayiren , Zhao Min , Zhao Jianhong
Published: December 2022

Clostridioides difficile
is one of the major pathogens to cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Although antibiotic treatment is still the most commonly used and effective treatment for CDI, the destruction of indigenous intestinal microbiota by antibiotics is the main reason for the high CDI recurrence rate of about 20%, which is increasing every year.
Immiscible two-phase model for air blasts created during natural avalanches
Authors: Fei Jianbo , Liu Zhankui , Jie Yuxin
Published: December 2022

An immiscible two-phase model based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is used to simulate the air blast generated by an avalanche. For simplicity, the avalanche is treated as an assembly of monodisperse spherical grains and described as a continuous media. The constitutive law of local µ(I) rheology is introduced to model the moving granular material. The motion of the avalanche and the induced air blast fits into a unified framework that combines the N-S−type governing equations with a µ(I)-rheology−based kinematic viscosity and a constant viscosity. The avalanche-air interface is treated using the volume-of-fluid method. A numerical program was developed on the open-source platform OpenFOAM specifically for this model to simulate the entire evolutionary process of the avalanche as well as the air blast generated. The model was validated by comparing the results of numerical simulations with those from inclined-plane laboratory experiments. With terrain input from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data, the model was further applied to simulate the air blast generated in two natural avalanches, namely, the Baige and Wenjia valley avalanches fo China, which occurred in 2008 and 2018, respectively. The simulation results were found to be consistent with field observations following a statistical analysis of the properties of the air blast including flow speed and area of impact of the above-mentioned natural events.
Deep magma mobilization years before the 2021 CE Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland
Authors: Kahl M. , Mutch E.J.F. , Maclennan J. , Morgan D.J. , Couperthwaite F. , Bali E. , Thordarson T. , Guðfinnsson G.H. , Walshaw R. , Buisman I. , Buhre S. , van der Meer Q.H.A. , Caracciolo A. , Marshall E.W. , Rasmussen M.B. , Gallagher C.R. , Moreland W.M. , Höskuldsson Á. , Askew R.A.
Published: December 2022

The deep roots of volcanic systems play a key role in the priming, initiation, and duration of eruptions. Causative links between initial magmatic unrest at depth and eruption triggering remain poorly constrained. The 2021 CE eruption at Fagradalsfjall in southwestern Iceland, the first deep-sourced eruption on a spreading-ridge system monitored with modern instrumentation, presents an ideal opportunity for comparing geophysical and petrological data sets to explore processes of deep magma mobilization. We used diffusion chronometry to show that deep magmatic unrest in the roots of volcanic systems can precede apparent geophysical eruption precursors by years, suggesting that early phases of magma accumulation and reorganization can occur in the absence of significant increases in shallow seismicity (<7 km depth) or rapid geodetic changes. Closer correlation between geophysical and diffusion age records in the months and days prior to eruption signals the transition from a state of priming to full-scale mobilization in which magma begins to traverse the crust. Our findings provide new insights into the dynamics of near-Moho magma storage and mobilization. Monitoring approaches optimized to detect early phases of magmatic unrest in the lower crust, such as identification and location of deep seismicity, could improve our response to future eruptive crises.
Erratum to: New Methods for Preparation of the Monofluorosubstituted Derivative of the closo-Borate Anion [2-B10H9F]2–, Its Properties, and Analysis of Its Reactivity
Authors: Neumolotov N. K. , Selivanov N. A. , Bykov A. Yu. , Klyukin I. N. , Novikov A. S. , Zhdanov A. P. , Zhizin K. Yu. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: December 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023622330014
Rapidly and slowly progressive neuromuscular disease: differences in pulmonary function, respiratory tract infections and response to lung volume recruitment therapy (LVR)
Authors: Sheers Nicole L , Berlowitz David J , Dirago Rebecca K , Naughton Phoebe , Henderson Sandra , Rigoni Alyssa , Saravanan Krisha , Rochford Peter , Howard Mark E
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Reduced lung volumes are a hallmark of respiratory muscle weakness in neuromuscular disease (NMD). Low respiratory system compliance (Crs) may contribute to restriction and be amenable to lung volume recruitment (LVR) therapy. This study evaluated respiratory function and the immediate impact of LVR in rapidly progressive compared to slowly progressive NMD.

Methods

We compared vital capacity (VC), static lung volumes, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP), Crsand peak cough flow (PCF) in 80 adult participants with motor neuron disease (‘MND’=27) and more slowly progressive NMDs (‘other NMD’=53), pre and post a single session of LVR. Relationships between respiratory markers and a history of respiratory tract infections (RTI) were examined.

Results

Participants with other NMD had lower lung volumes and Crsbut similar reduction in respiratory muscle strength compared with participants with MND (VC=1.30±0.77 vs 2.12±0.75 L, p<0.001; Crs=0.0331±0.0245 vs 0.0473±0.0241 L/cmH2O, p=0.024; MIP=39.8±21.3 vs 37.8±19.5 cmH2O). More participants with other NMD reported an RTI in the previous year (53% vs 22%, p=0.01). The likelihood of having a prior RTI was associated with baseline VC (%predicted) (OR=1.03 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.06), p=0.029). Published thresholds (VC<1.1 L or PCF<270 L/min) were, however, not associated with prior RTI.

A single session of LVR improved Crs(mean (95% CI) increase = 0.0038 (0.0001 to 0.0075) L/cmH2O,p=0.047) but not VC.

Conclusion

These findings corroborate the hypothesis that ventilatory restriction in NMD is related to weakness initially with respiratory system stiffness potentiating lung volume loss in slowly progressive disease. A single session of LVR can improve Crs. A randomised controlled trial of regular LVR is needed to assess longer-term effects.
Precommercial thinning increased diameter growth while maintaining mixedwood stands composition, 15 years after treatment
Authors: Champagne Emilie , Dumais Daniel , Raymond Patricia
Published: December 2022

Precommercial thinning could be a valuable tool for climate change adaptation, as it can promote stand diversity while increasing productivity. Softwood and hardwood stands are usually thinned following different methods, and we lack recommendations for application in mixedwood stands. We evaluated the effects of precommercial thinning on the growth and composition of balsam fir ( Abies balsameaL.)–birch stands dominated by paper and yellow birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh. and Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), comparing methods and production objectives (systematic release-softwood, systematic release-mixedwood, crop-tree release-mixedwood, and crop-tree release-hardwood) in Québec (Canada). Precommercial thinning increased tree-level and stand-level growth, especially for both birches. Compared to the non-thinned control, thinning increased tree diameter at breast height annual increments by 60%–107%, with similar results among modalities. Thinning changed initial stand composition, but mixedwood production plots composition was similar to that of the control 15 years after treatment. Promoting diversity is often perceived to be made at the expense of wood production. Our results suggest that we can obtain both increased growth and maintain diversity. Precommercial thinning is currently suggested as an adaptation tool that can foster drought resistance. Based on our study, we suggest it could serve another purpose in climate-adapted forest management, that is, maintaining diversity and thus increasing resilience to disturbances.