bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of brand and market orientation on competitive advantage in the food sector: business strategy’s moderator role
Authors: Nguyen Van It , Le Thanh Tiep , Kotaskova Anna
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to show how market orientation (MO), brand (BR) and business strategy (cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy), which play mediating and moderating roles, respectively, can increase competitive advantage (CA). With a focus on brand, market orientation, cost leadership strategy (CS) and differentiation strategy (DS), as well as an analysis of variance control on varying business sizes per business seniority, the current study made a theoretical contribution.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study was created using a quantitative methodological technique. The surveyed data were collected from 379 managers or owners who participated in a face-to-face survey at different food processing companies in Vietnam. To test the hypotheses, the gathered information was examined utilizing multigroup analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The brand was found to have the greatest positive impact on competitive advantage, followed by a business strategy that positively influenced competitive advantage, and, finally, business strategies that significantly moderated the third strong positive impact between market orientation and competitive advantage. Market orientation has the fourth strong positive impact on competitive advantage, whereas brand has the lowest positive impact on market orientation.

Originality/value

This is the first investigation, according to the authors’ knowledge, into the role of market orientation as a mediator in the relationship between brand and competitive advantage in addition to the regulatory role of business strategy at two strategic levels: cost leadership and strategic focus as well as the difference between competitive advantage and market orientation in the Vietnamese food sector.
A bibliometric review on serendipity literature available in Web of Science database using HistCite and Biblioshiny
Authors: Thakuria Abhijit , Chakraborty Indranil , Deka Dipen
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Websites, search engines, recommender systems, artificial intelligence and digital libraries have the potential to support serendipity for unexpected interaction with information and ideas which would lead to favored information discoveries. This paper aims to explore the current state of research into serendipity particularly related to information encountering.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides bibliometric review of 166 studies on serendipity extracted from the Web of Science. Two bibliometric analysis tools HisCite and RStudio (Biblioshiny) are used on 30 years of data. Citation counts and bibliographic records of the papers are assessed using HisCite. Moreover, visualization of prominent sources, countries, keywords and the collaborative networks of authors and institutions are assessed using RStudio (Biblioshiny) software. A total of 166 papers on serendipity were found from the period 1989 to 2022, and the most influential authors, articles, journals, institutions and countries among these were determined.

Findings

The highest numbers of 11 papers were published in the year 2019. Makri and Erdelez are the most influential authors for contributing studies on serendipity. “Journal of Documentation” is the top-ranking journal. University College London is the prominent affiliation contributing highest number of studies on serendipity. The UK and the USA are the prominent nations contributing highest number of research. Authorship pattern for research on serendipity reveals involvement of single author in majority of the studies. OA Green model is the most preferred model for archiving of research articles by the authors who worked on serendipity. In addition, majority of the research outputs have received a citation ranging from 0 to 50.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper may be the first bibliometric analysis on serendipity research using bibliometric tools in library and information science studies. The paper would definitely open new avenues for other serendipity researchers.
“If you sow goodness, you will reap goodness”: activating social entrepreneurial intentions with karmic beliefs
Authors: Duong Cong Doanh
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Although karmic beliefs have been found to be positively correlated with pro-social behaviors, the role of karmic beliefs in social entrepreneurship remains relatively unknown. Drawing on the morally extended theory of planned behavior, this paper aims to explore the karmic aspect of social venturing, wherein individuals’ social entrepreneurial intentions and their moral antecedents are activated by karmic beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was performed on a sample of 401 university students in Vietnam. Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analyses were then used to test the reliability, validity of scales and developed hypotheses.

Findings

The findings illustrate that karmic beliefs are strongly and positively correlated with empathy, moral obligation, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. Moreover, individuals’ social entrepreneurial intentions are not only significantly and directly stimulated by karmic beliefs but also receive the indirect effects of karmic beliefs through three mediators: empathy, moral obligation and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Originality/value

The study added fresh perspectives on the role of karmic beliefs in social entrepreneurship literature. Additionally, this study shed a new light on entrepreneurial literature by morally extending theory of planned behavior to explore underlying mechanisms of moral and empathetic components on transferring the effects of karmic beliefs on social entrepreneurial intentions.
Compliant or not compliant? The challenges of anti-money laundering regulations in crypto assets: the case of Switzerland
Authors: Renda Aline , Caneppele Stefano
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Criminals have quickly discovered the advantage of crypto assets, with its pseudo-anonymity, untraceability and the ability to freely exchange crypto assets across borders, which makes it an ideal tool for money laundering activities. Switzerland has a technology-neutral framework, and crypto assets are regulated by the existing anti-money laundering (AML) legislation. The purpose of this paper is to gain insights into the industry adoption of measurements to prevent money laundering through crypto assets and if they are compliant with national and international AML regulations.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with participants having expertise in compliance, AML and crypto assets with focus on Switzerland. The interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis.

Findings

The experts have a general consensus that Switzerland is a pioneer when it comes to regulating crypto assets. It is perceived that legislations are released without industry consultation and that AML processes for fiat transactions also work for crypto assets, which is not the case. The results show that the industry wants a consortium to fight money laundering in crypto assets in Switzerland. The current measures to identify money laundering are not optimal, yet, it is the best solution and according to national and international regulations the businesses are perceived to be compliant.

Originality/value

This paper offers new insights on the challenges of AML regulations in crypto assets, given the limited information available. It also provides good practice examples for addressing these challenges, benefiting policymakers, regulators and practitioners in the crypto asset ecosystem.
The impacts of the 340B Program on health care quality for low‐income patients
Authors: Smith Kyle , Padmanabhan Prianca , Chen Alan , Glied Sherry , Desai Sunita
Published: July 2023

Objective

To assess the effects of hospital 340B eligibility on quality of inpatient care provided to Medicaid and uninsured patients and for all patients.

Data

Agency for Health Care Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Data, Hospital Cost Reporting Information System Data, Office of Pharmacy Affairs Information System Data, and American Hospital Association Annual Survey.

Design

Regression discontinuity design comparing hospitals just above the DSH percentage program eligibility threshold to those just below. Quality measures include all‐cause mortality and 30‐day readmission rates as well as condition‐specific measures.

Data Extraction

Inpatient data from general acute care hospitals from 2008 to 2014 in 15 states. Data linked on hospital 340B eligibility and participation.

Principal Findings

We did not find discontinuities in inpatient care quality across the Program eligibility threshold for Medicaid and uninsured patients; specifically, on all‐cause mortality (beta = −0.04 percentage points, 95% CI: −0.16, 0.08), 30‐day readmission rates (beta = −0.16 percentage points, 95% CI: −0.81, 0.5), or other measures. Among insured and non‐Medicaid patients, we found discontinuities for acute myocardial infarction (beta = −0.87 percentage points, 95% CI: −1.55, −0.2) and postoperative sepsis (beta = −0.15 percentage points, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.07) mortality.

Conclusions

340B Program participation has not demonstrated improved quality of inpatient care among Medicaid or uninsured patients.
National Open Abdomen Audit (NOAA) – protocol for an observational audit of the use and management of the open abdomen in secondary care across Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Vijayan Deepak , Hodgkinson Jonathan D. , Li Elizabeth , Pinkney Thomas , Slade Dominic
Published: July 2023

Aim

Use of open abdomen (OA) remains an important life‐saving manoeuvre in the management of trauma and the abdominal catastrophe. The National Open Abdomen Audit (NOAA) is an audit project investigating the indications, management, and subsequent outcomes of OA treatment throughout the UK. The aim is to generate a snapshot of practice which will inform the management of future patients and potentially reduce the significant harm that can be associated with OA.

Methods and analysis

NOAA is a collaborative, prospective observational audit recruiting patients from across Great Britain and Ireland. The study will open from July 2023 with rolling recruitment across participating sites. All adult patients who leave theatre with an OA will be included and followed‐up for 90 days. The primary objective is to prospectively audit the national variability in the management of the OA. Secondary outcomes include the treatment modality used for OA, indication, outcome of treatment and complications, including mortality and development of intestinal failure. All data will be recorded and managed using the secure REDCap electronic data capture and analysed using Stata (version 16.1). Results will be reported in accordance with the STROBE statement.

Conclusion

Results will be used to formulate a practical clinical guideline on when to implement an OA along with a stepwise management plan once initiated to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. It is hoped that participation in this study will facilitate education of surgeons with a “trickle down” effect on all members of the surgical team and remove variability in the management.
Impact of rater experience and referral question on detecting magnetic resonance imaging features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Marik Wolfgang , Macher Stefan , Schmidbauer Victor , Krajnc Nik , Pruckner Philip , Mitsch Christoph , Novak Klaus , Wöber Christian , Pemp Berthold
Published: July 2023

Background and purpose

In idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are promising diagnostic markers, but the impact of rater experience and the specific referral question is unknown.

Methods

From the Vienna Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension database, patients were included with definitive IIH and routine cranial MRI performed during diagnostic work‐up. Frequencies of partial empty sella (ES), optic nerve sheath distension (ONSD), optic nerve tortuosity (ONT), posterior globe flattening (PGF) and transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) were compared in three settings: (i) real‐world rating, (ii) junior neuroradiologist without special IIH training and (iii) senior neuroradiologist with experience in IIH imaging (gold standard).

Results

Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 84 IIH patients (88% female, mean age 33.5 years) were evaluated. By gold standard, ONSD was the most frequent (64.3%) followed by TSS (60.0%), ONT (46.4%), ES (44.4%) and PGF (23.8%). Compared to the gold standard, IIH features were described significantly less frequently in routine MRI reports (ONSD 28.6%, ONT 13.1%, PGF 4.8%, TSS 42.9%, p < 0.01 respectively) except for ES (42.9%, p = 0.9). A specific referral question regarding IIH increased detection rates in routine reports, but rates remained significantly lower than by gold standard. In contrast, a rating by a neuroradiologist without special training produced significantly higher frequencies of ONSD (81.0%, p < 0.01) and ONT (60.7%, p < 0.01) but not of ES (47.6%), PGF (29.8%) and TSS (68.1%).

Conclusions

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension MRI features are underestimated in routine MRI reports and partly overcalled by less experienced neuroradiologists, driven by features less well known or methodologically difficult. Reevaluation of MRI scans by an experienced rater (and to a lesser degree a specific referral question) improves diagnostic accuracy.
Global distribution and climatic controls of natural mountain treelines
Authors: He Xinyue , Jiang Xin , Spracklen Dominick V. , Holden Joseph , Liang Eryuan , Liu Hongyan , Xu Chongyang , Du Jianhui , Zhu Kai , Elsen Paul R. , Zeng Zhenzhong
Published: July 2023

Mountain treelines are thought to be sensitive to climate change. However, how climate impacts mountain treelines is not yet fully understood as treelines may also be affected by other human activities. Here, we focus on “closed‐loop” mountain treelines (CLMT) that completely encircle a mountain and are less likely to have been influenced by human land‐use change. We detect a total length of ~916,425 km of CLMT across 243 mountain ranges globally and reveal a bimodal latitudinal distribution of treeline elevations with higher treeline elevations occurring at greater distances from the coast. Spatially, we find that temperature is the main climatic driver of treeline elevation in boreal and tropical regions, whereas precipitation drives CLMT position in temperate zones. Temporally, we show that 70% of CLMT have moved upward, with a mean shift rate of 1.2 m/year over the first decade of the 21st century. CLMT are shifting fastest in the tropics (mean of 3.1 m/year), but with greater variability. Our work provides a new mountain treeline database that isolates climate impacts from other anthropogenic pressures, and has important implications for biodiversity, natural resources, and ecosystem adaptation in a changing climate.
The need for a flyway approach in defining the onset of prenuptial migration of huntable bird species across Europe
Authors: Andreotti Alessandro , Aradis Arianna , Assandri Giacomo , Bazzi Gaia , Cecere Jacopo Giuseppe , Ferri Andrea , Imperio Simona , Marcon Andrea , Nardelli Riccardo , Pirrello Simone , Raganella Pelliccioni Elisabetta , Spina Fernando , Serra Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

The identification of the onset of prenuptial migration is fundamental in defining the closing date of the hunting season in compliance with the EU Birds Directive. Here, we describe the process and country‐by‐country approach currently followed by the European Commission to define the onset of prenuptial migration for each huntable bird species and Member State, highlighting the resulting discrepancies and inconsistencies in the starting dates of prenuptial migration between neighbouring countries. To overcome these issues, we propose the adoption of a flyway approach with a shared, analytically and biologically sound method for defining the onset of migration.
Severe forms of influenza infections admitted in intensive care units: Analysis of mortality factors
Authors: Verdier Victor , Lilienthal François , Desvergez Arnaud , Gazaille Virgile , Winer Arnaud , Paganin Fabrice
Published: July 2023

Background

The severe forms of influenza infection requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission remain a medical challenge due to its high mortality. New H1N1 strains were hypothesized to increase mortality. The studies below represent a large series focusing on ICU‐admitted influenza patients over the last decade with an emphasis on factors related to death.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients admitted in ICU for influenza infection over the 2010–2019 period in Réunion Island (a French overseas territory) was conducted. Demographic data, underlying conditions, and therapeutic management were recorded. A univariate analysis was performed to assess factors related to ICU mortality.

Results

Three hundred and fifty adult patients were analyzed. Overall mortality was 25.1%. Factors related to higher mortality were found to be patient age >65, cancer history, need for intubation, early intubation within 48 h after admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), vaso‐support drugs, extracorporal oxygenation by membrane (ECMO), dialysis, bacterial coinfection, leucopenia, anemia, and thrombopenia. History of asthma and oseltamivir therapy were correlated with a lower mortality. H1N1 did not impact mortality.

Conclusion

Patient's underlying conditions influence hospital admission and secondary ICU admission but were not found to impact ICU mortality except in patients age >65, history of cancer, and bacterial coinfections. Pulmonary involvement was often present, required MV, and often evolved toward ARDS. ICU mortality was strongly related to ARDS severity. We recommend rapid ICU admission of patients with influenza‐related pneumonia, management of bacterial coinfection, and early administration of oseltamivir.
Activated carbon@silver nanoparticles conjugates as SERS substrate for capturing malathion analyte molecules for SERS detection
Authors: Aheto Joshua Harrington , Huang Xingyi , Tian Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaorui , Zhang Wuhao , Yu Shanshan
Published: July 2023

Malathion is one of the commonly used organophosphate pesticides known to attack the central nervous system, posing a risk to humans and other animals upon exposure. The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been identified as an indispensable tool for chemical and biomolecular sensing. In this work, the facile fabrication of activated carbon (AC)‐based colloidal SERS active substrate dubbed AC@AgNPs was designed by trapping AgNPs on the surface of AC for detection of varying concentrations of malathion. Apart from the higher concentrations of malathion, the rest of the normal Raman spectra of malathion standard solutions exhibited weak Raman signals. The intensity of peaks for 0.47 mg L−1 were nearly non‐existent which is an indication that the malathion pesticide could only be detected up to 0.95 mg L−1 when using silica wafer. On the contrary, all the SERS spectra of malathion in wheat extracts adsorbed on AC@AgNPs substrate exhibited strong Raman signals. Quantitative analysis of malathion was performed by regression models developed using PLSR built with the raw spectra (no pretreatment), SNV‐PLSR, and SNV‐CARS‐PLSR. The model with the most remarkable performance was established by using SNV‐PLSR with r = 0.9869 and RPD = 4.61. This research shows that the proposed method can rapidly detect malathion residues in wheat, suggesting that it could be adopted for production process monitoring of other related food products to guarantee their safety for human and animal consumption.
Relationship between illness perception and self‐management behaviors among Chinese diabetic foot patients
Authors: Xiong Chenxia , He Yi , Zhang Yue , Mai Lifang , Chen Jing , Zhang Yuening , Yan Jun
Published: July 2023

Aim

The aims of the present study are to describe the status of self‐management behaviors and illness perception, and explore the relationship between illness perception and self‐management behaviors among Chinese diabetic foot patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the endocrinology department of a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected on illness perception, self‐management behaviors, and demographic and clinical characteristics over 9 months among 156 subjects. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Only 3.2% of participants maintained excellent self‐management behaviors. Additionally, the participants perceived diabetic foot as chronic and could be well controlled through treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that illness perception was associated with self‐management behaviors.

Conclusions

Patient illness perception is an important factor influencing self‐management behaviors. It may be helpful to improve self‐management behaviors by tailoring the content of the intervention to fit the patients' illness perceptions.
Complex Asset Markets
Authors: EISFELDT ANDREA L. , LUSTIG HANNO , ZHANG LEI
Published: July 2023

Investors' individual arbitrage models introduce idiosyncratic risk into complex asset strategies, driving up average returns and Sharpe ratios. However, despite the attractive risk‐return trade‐off, participation is limited. This is because effective Sharpe ratios in complex asset markets vary with investors' expertise. Investors with higher expertise, better models, and lower resulting idiosyncratic risk exposures realize higher Sharpe ratios. Their demand deters entry by less sophisticated investors. As predicted by our model, market dislocations are characterized by an increase in idiosyncratic risk, investor exit, and persistently elevated alphas and Sharpe ratios. The selection effect from higher expertise agents' more favorable Sharpe ratios is unique to our model and key to our main results.
Technology strategies in converging technology systems: Evidence from printed electronics
Authors: Wambsganss Annika , Bröring Stefanie , Salomo Søren , Sick Nathalie
Published: July 2023

Novel technology systems, such as “fiber optics” and “printed electronics,” increasingly emerge at the interface of hitherto unrelated technology areas. As such, new technology systems often arise through technology convergence, characterized by integrating technology components and knowledge from different technology systems, resulting in a novel system architecture. This phenomenon is of utmost societal relevancy but simultaneously poses tremendous challenges for firms' technology strategies. Firms must not only cope with unrelated knowledge rooted in hitherto different technologies but also have to decide deliberately how systemic (i.e., complete technology system) versus focused (i.e., single component of the technology system) their engagement in technology development in the converging technology system ought to be. In addition, firms need to decide strategically to what extent to develop specialized or design knowledge. Extant concepts of technology strategy fall short of capturing this complexity inherent in converging technology systems. Therefore, to address how technology strategies co‐evolve along with the emergence of new technology systems, this study adds a systems perspective to technology strategy by developing the concept of technology system coverage. This novel dimension of technology strategy is formed by the scope (i.e., focused vs. systemic coverage of the technology system) and type of technological knowledge (i.e., specialized or design knowledge). We empirically apply this novel angle of technology strategy to the convergence field of printed electronics. Based on a longitudinal set of 828 patents over 30 years, 74 relevant corporate actors are identified. The underlying taxonomy enables us to reveal four technology strategies and develop five propositions. The results indicate that all firms build design knowledge over time, whereas not all firms build specialized knowledge, no matter what technology strategy is pursued. In sum, this work advances literature by understanding technology strategy in emerging complex technology systems, introducing a systems perspective.
Next‐generation sequencing reveals hidden genomic diversity in glacial relicts: A case study of Meesia triquetra
Authors: Mikulášková Eva , Peterka Tomáš , Šmerda Jakub , Hájek Michal
Published: July 2023

The recent development of genetic methods has facilitated the identification of cryptic species across different groups of organisms, including plants. However, next‐generation sequencing has rarely been used to study cryptic speciation in plants, especially in bryophytes, organisms with a dominant haploid life phase. The ability to capture variation across the whole genome makes this method an effective tool for distinguishing cryptic lineages. We have focused on the genetic structure of the moss Meesia triquetra along the Alps‐to‐Scandinavia transect. We detected the presence of the two genetically critically different lineages of M. triquetra in Europe. These lineages overlap in both morphological characters of the gametophyte and distribution ranges. However, they considerably differ in ecological preferences to groundwater pH. While lineage 1 occupied alkaline to subneutral fens, lineage 2 occurred in fens saturated with neutral to acidic water. We consider the entities cryptic species with respect to genetic and ecological differences but the absence of morphological features necessary for determining the entities. We hypothesize that fragmentation of the ancestral population of the moss in geographically isolated refugia differing in the commonness of acidic and alkaline substrates led to consequent long‐term adaptation to different environmental conditions, then drove diversification in M. triquetra.
The US21 viroporin of human cytomegalovirus stimulates cell migration and adhesion
Authors: Luganini Anna , Serra Valentina , Scarpellino Giorgia , Bhat Shree Madhu , Munaron Luca , Fiorio Pla Alessandra , Gribaudo Giorgio
Published: July 2023

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 gene family contributes to virus-host interactions by regulating the virus’ cell tropism and its evasion of host innate immune responses. US21, one of the 10 US12 genes (US12–US21), is a descendant of a captured cellular transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing gene. It encodes a 7TMD endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident viroporin (pUS21) capable of reducing the Ca
2+
content of ER stores, which, in turn, protects cells against apoptosis. Since regulation of Ca
2+
homeostasis affects a broad range of cellular responses, including cell motility, we investigated whether pUS21 might also interfere with this cytobiological consequence of Ca
2+
signaling. Indeed, deletion of the US21 gene impaired the ability of HCMV-infected cells to migrate, whereas expression of US21 protein stimulated cell migration and adhesion, as well as focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, in a way that depended on its ability to manipulate ER Ca
2+
content. Mechanistic studies revealed pUS21-mediated cell migration to involve calpain 2 activation since its inhibition prevented the viroporin’s effects on cell motility. Pertinently, pUS21 expression stimulated a store-operated Ca
2+
entry (SOCE) mechanism that may determine the activation of calpain 2 by promoting Ca
2+
entry. Furthermore, pUS21 was observed to interact with talin-1, a calpain 2 substrate, and crucial protein component of FA complexes. A functional consequence of this interaction was confirmed by talin-1 knockdown, which abrogated the pUS21-mediated increase in cell migration. Together, these results indicate the US21-encoded viroporin to be a viral regulator of cell adhesion and migration in the context of HCMV infection.

IMPORTANCE

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that owes part of its success to the capture, duplication, and tuning of cellular genes to generate modern viral proteins which promote infection and persistence in the host by interfering with many cell biochemical and physiological pathways. The US21 viral protein provides an example of this evolutionary strategy: it is a cellular-derived calcium channel that manipulates intracellular calcium homeostasis to confer edges to HCMV replication. Here, we report on the characterization of a novel function of the US21 protein as a viral regulator of cell migration and adhesion through mechanisms involving its calcium channel activity. Characterization of HCMV multifunctional regulatory proteins, like US21, supports the better understanding of viral pathogenesis and may open avenues for the design of new antiviral strategies that exploit their functions.
Mental health and quality of life among patients with chronic respiratory failure on domiciliary oxygen: a prospective cohort study from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Antony Thomas , Acharya Vishak K , Ray Rojina Anna , Holla Ramesh
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression and the quality of life among patients with chronic respiratory failure and the changes in anxiety and depression scores after initiating domiciliary oxygen.

Design and setting

Prospective, single-centre cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Participants

Patients of Indian origin with chronic respiratory failure who visited the hospital where domiciliary oxygen is indicated were included in the study. Patients with acute respiratory failure on a mechanical ventilator, haemodynamic instability and already-diagnosed psychiatric conditions were excluded from the study.

Interventions

Patients who met the inclusion criteria were assessed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months, for anxiety and depression using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Quality of life was evaluated using the WHO Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with chronic respiratory failure having depression and anxiety and assessing the changes in anxiety and depression scores after initiating domiciliary oxygen. The secondary outcome is the change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients on domiciliary oxygen.

Results

121 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Of 102 patients who completed the study, 36.2% (n=37) had anxiety and 44.1% (n=45) had depression at baseline. There is a worsening trend in the mean GAD-7 (p=0.003) and PHQ-9 score (p=0.015) in patients over 6 months while on domiciliary oxygen. HRQOL is poor in all the domains at baseline, and there is a progressive worsening during follow-up while on oxygen.

Conclusions

The worsening trend in anxiety and depression in patients after initiating domiciliary oxygen may be related to social isolation, restricted mobility, economic issues, addictions and frequency of exacerbations. Screening for psychological problems in these patients at baseline and on follow-ups helps early detection, and prompt intervention could improve the quality of life and survival.
Psychological Impact of the Galleri test (sIG(n)al): protocol for a longitudinal evaluation of the psychological impact of receiving a cancer signal in the NHS-Galleri trial
Authors: Marlow Laura A V , Schmeising-Barnes Ninian , Warwick Jane , Waller Jo
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests look for cancer signals in cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid. These tests have the potential to detect cancers at an earlier (asymptomatic) stage, improving cancer outcomes. Any screening method needs careful consideration of the psychological harms prior to implementation. The aim of this research is to explore the psychological impact of having a cancer signal detected following an MCED blood test.

Methods and analysis

The project is embedded in the NHS-Galleri trial (ISRCTN91431511;NCT05611632), a large clinical trial in eight Cancer Alliances in England. In the trial, over 140 000 members of the general population aged 50–77 have been randomised 1:1 to either the intervention (blood tested with MCED test) or control (blood stored) arm. The proposed project focuses on participants in the intervention arm, who have a cancer signal detected. All participants who have a cancer signal detected (expected to be around 700 assuming a 1% test positive rate) will be sent a questionnaire at three timepoints: soon after receiving their result, 6 months and approximately 12 months later. The primary outcome is anxiety, assessed using the short-form 6-item Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory. We will also assess the psychological consequences of screening (using the Psychological Consequences of Screening Questionnaire), reassurance/concern about the test result, understanding of results and help/health-seeking behaviour. A subsample of 40 participants (20 with a cancer diagnosis and 20 for whom no cancer was found) will be invited to take part in a one-to-one semistructured interview.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this work has been granted by the Wales Research Ethics Committee as part of the NHS-Galleri trial (Ref 21/WA/0141). Consent to be sent questionnaires is collected as part of the main trial. A separate consent form will be required for interview. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
Determining efficacy of dynamic multimedia bowel preparation instructions versus standard instructions on adenoma detection and patient reported measures (DIGICLEAN trial): a study protocol for a multicentre, colonoscopist-blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Au Michael , Low Patrick , Rennie Michael , Mohseni Marriam , Song Yang , Kim Narae , Baraty Brandon , Mitrev Nikola , He Emily , Ho Vincent , Leong Rupert , Kariyawasam Viraj
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Colonoscopy plays important roles in bowel cancer screening and treatment. Poor bowel preparation occurs in 20–25% of colonoscopies. This negatively impacts adenoma and sessile serrated lesion detection rates, procedural time, requirement for repeat colonoscopies, healthcare costs and likelihood of patient withdrawal from screening programmes. It is unclear whether a combination of multimedia modalities can improve bowel preparation quality, adenoma detection rates and patient-reported measures in those undergoing colonoscopy assessment.

Methods

The DIGICLEAN trial is a prospective, parallel, multicentre, colonoscopist-blinded, randomised controlled trial. The trial will enrol 1294 participants aged 45 years and older who are indicated for a colonoscopy as an outpatient with a positive faecal occult blood test, iron deficiency anaemia or rectal bleeding. Participants will be randomised into the interventional arm, where bowel preparation instructions are delivered via a web-based application which uses scheduled short messaging service, regular patient survey assessment, email and videos; or the control arm, where routine standard written, verbal or emailed instructions are administered. The web-based application will assess patient-reported bloating, constipation and dietary adherence leading up to the colonoscopy. Depending on patient responses, additional aperients may be encouraged digitally in the interventional arm with same instructions made available in written format for the control arm. Patient-reported measures will be collected in both arms the day after the procedure using the validated Newcastle ENDOPREM questionnaire. In some sites, participants will undergo digital pre-anaesthetic screening as well. The co-primary endpoints are the adenoma detection rates and patient-reported measures taken after the colonoscopy.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2022/ETH00059). Findings will be reported at national and international gastroenterology meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12622000747729.
Q-system completion of 2-functors
Authors: Ghosh Mainak
Published: July 2023

A Q-system is a unitary version of a separable Frobenius algebra object in a C*-tensor category or a C*-2-category. We prove that, for C*-2-categories [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the C*-2-category [Formula: see text] of ∗-[Formula: see text]-functors, ∗-[Formula: see text]-transformations and ∗-[Formula: see text]-modifications is Q-system complete, whenever [Formula: see text] is Q-system complete. We use this result to provide a characterization of Q-system complete categories in terms of ∗-[Formula: see text]-functors and to prove that the [Formula: see text]-category of actions of a unitary fusion category [Formula: see text] on C*-algebras is Q-system complete.
The infinite dihedral group and K3 surfaces with Picard number 2
Authors: Lee Kwangwoo
Published: July 2023

The automorphism group of a K3 surface with Picard number two is either the infinite cyclic group or the infinite dihedral group, if it is infinite. In this paper, we determine some conditions for a K3 surface of Picard number two to have the infinite dihedral automorphism group.
Robust Convolutional Neural Network Based on UNet for Iris Segmentation
Authors: Khaki Ali
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, the iris recognition system is one of the most widely used and most accurate biometric systems. The iris segmentation is the most crucial stage of iris recognition system. The accurate iris segmentation can improve the efficiency of iris recognition. The main objective of iris segmentation is to obtain the iris area. Recently, the iris segmentation methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been grown, and they have improved the accuracy greatly. Nevertheless, their accuracy is decreased by low-quality images captured in uncontrolled conditions. Therefore, the existing methods cannot segment low-quality images precisely. To overcome the challenge, this paper proposes a robust convolutional neural network (R-Net) inspired by UNet for iris segmentation. R-Net is divided into two parts: encoder and decoder. In this network, several layers are added to ResNet-34, and used in the encoder path. In the decoder path, four convolutions are applied at each level. Both help to obtain suitable feature maps and increase the network accuracy. The proposed network has been tested on four datasets: UBIRIS v2 (UBIRIS), CASIA iris v4.0 (CASIA) distance, CASIA interval, and IIT Delhi v1.0 (IITD). UBIRIS is a dataset that is used for low-quality images. The error rate (NICE1) of proposed network is 0.0055 on UBIRIS, 0.0105 on CASIA interval, 0.0043 on CASIA distance, and 0.0154 on IITD. Results show better performance of the proposed network compared to other methods.
Preparation and Characterizations of PVA/Vanadium Nanocomposites for Gamma Ray Shielding and Antibacterial Activity Applications
Authors: Hamood Farah J. , Madhloom Marwan Abbas , Kadim Ashraq Mohammed , Abass Khalid Haneen , Agarwal Manoj Kumar , Mohammed Kahtan A.
Published: July 2023

The biological use of nanocomposites (NCs) is highly intriguing and is more acknowledged for its value, particularly in nanomedicine. The key goal of this study is to investigate the influence of vanadium nanoparticles (VNPs) addition on PVA’s morphological, optical, and electrical properties. In this work, the PVA/V nanocomposites (NCs) were fabricated with different VNP contents of (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) wt.% by the casting solution technique. The optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been used to examine the surface morphological features of produced films, which showed that the VNP clusters were well dispersed in the polymer medium. The intermolecular interaction of the PVA/V nanocomposite was studied by FTIR examination. The interaction between PVA and V was confirmed by observing the change in IR absorption intensity. The UV–Vis approach was used to explore the optical characteristics of the UV–Vis region. The experimental data demonstrate that variations in the concentration of VNPs significantly impact the absorption. For the doped samples, the absorbance against wavelength is exponential. There is evidence of interface between polymer and nanoparticles because the optical band gap has shrunk from 4.50 eV to 3.30 eV, with a corresponding narrowing of the gap between the valence and conduction bands. The electrical characteristics of alternating current were investigated in the frequency range of 100–5 MHz. The dielectric constant and loss of NC films reduced as the concentration of VNPs rose, whereas electrical conductivity increased. With rising VNPs, the attenuation coefficient values rose. The inhibition zone diameters of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria increased with the increase of VNP contents. We showed that adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to V composites increases their antimicrobial (ANB) activities. Based on these findings, NC films can be used for gamma-ray protection and antimicrobial (ANB) purposes.
Magnetization Switching in Atom-Thick Mo Engineered Exchange Bias-Based SOT-MRAM
Authors: Zhao Dongyan , Chen Yanning , Chen Zanhong , Pan Cheng , Shao Jin , Du Ao , Cai Wenlong , Cao Kaihua , Fu Zhen , Shi Kewen
Published: July 2023

The manipulation and detection of antiferromagnetic (AFM) in exchange bias (EB)-based MRAM using spin-orbit torque (SOT) holds promise for developing highly reliable and ultrafast spintronic memory devices. However, the high switching current induced by the SOT-induced EB field remains a major drawback. Additionally, the mechanism behind the interaction between the EB field and the SOT remains unclear. To address this issue, we have introduced a thin layer of Mo between the AFM and ferromagnetic-free layers to tune the EB field and study the SOT-induced switching properties. Our findings indicate that when the SOT is dominant during short pulses of a few nanoseconds, Mo insertion can significantly reduce the EB field and decrease the SOT switching current, leading to a reduction in power consumption of these memories. This approach could open up new possibilities for optimizing EB-MRAM and improving our understanding of AFM electronics.
Crystal Structures and Luminescence Properties of RE6Si11N20O:Ce3+ (RE = Lu, Y)
Authors: Klotz Martin , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Wurst Klaus , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert
Published: July 2023

The two compounds Lu6Si11N20O and Y6Si11N20O were prepared from the reactants REF3 and “Si(NH)2” in a radiofrequency furnace at 1600 °C. The two oxonitridosilicates crystallise in the trigonal system with the following lattice parameters: Lu6Si11N20O: a = 972.02(3) pm, c = 1050.53(4) pm; Y6Si11N20O: a = 981.09(2) pm, c = 1060.37(3) pm. Colourless to slightly yellowish single crystals of the two compounds were isolated and the measurements of these crystals were solved and refined in space group P31c (no. 159) with Z = 2 and powder X-ray data were analysed by Rietveld refinement. Both structures belong to the Er6[Si11N20]O structure type published by Woike and Jeitschko in 1997 and are doped with Ce3+ for the first time. The investigated compounds show a greenish colour impression by UV to blue radiation and exhibit a broad emission band with an emission maximum at λ
max = 552 nm (fwhm 142 nm) for the lutetium compound and λ
max = 570 nm (fwhm 159 nm) for the yttrium variant. Compared to YAG:Ce3+, both phosphors show a shift to higher wavelengths making them highly interesting for application in warm-white single phosphor converted light emitting diodes (1 pc-LED) with an improved colour rendering index.
Cardiovascular risk factors during pregnancy impact the postpartum cardiac and vascular reverse remodeling
Authors: Ferreira Ana Filipa , Azevedo Maria João , Morais Juliana , Trindade Fábio , Saraiva Francisca , Diaz Sílvia Oliveira , Alves Inês Nuno , Fragão-Marques Mariana , Sousa Carla , Machado Ana Paula , Leite-Moreira Adelino , Sampaio-Maia Benedita , Ramalho Carla , Barros António Sousa , Falcão-Pires Inês
Published: July 2023

This study describes the impact of cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) in pregnancy-induced remodeling and postpartum reverse remodeling (up to 1 yr) by applying advanced statistic methods (multivariate generalized linear mixed-effects models) to a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Aiming to extrapolate to pathological conditions, this invaluable “human model” allowed us to demonstrate that arterial hypertension is a critical CVR for worse RR and that ST2/IL33-receptors and CRP are potential biomarkers of postpartum hypertrophy reversal.
Data from Effectors Enabling Adaptation to Mitochondrial Complex I Loss in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gopal Raj K. , Vantaku Venkata R. , Panda Apekshya , Reimer Bryn , Rath Sneha , To Tsz-Leung , Fisch Adam S. , Cetinbas Murat , Livneh Maia , Calcaterra Michael J. , Gigliotti Benjamin J. , Pierce Kerry A. , Clish Clary B. , Dias-Santagata Dora , Sadow Peter M. , Wirth Lori J. , Daniels Gilbert H. , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Calvo Sarah E. , Parangi Sareh , Mootha Vamsi K.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Oncocytic (Hürthle cell) carcinoma of the thyroid (HCC) is genetically characterized by complex I mitochondrial DNA mutations and widespread chromosomal losses. Here, we utilize RNA sequencing and metabolomics to identify candidate molecular effectors activated by these genetic drivers. We find glutathione biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and lipid peroxide scavenging to be increased in HCC. A CRISPR–Cas9 knockout screen in a new HCC model reveals which pathways are key for fitness, and highlights loss of GPX4, a defense against lipid peroxides and ferroptosis, as a strong liability. Rescuing complex I redox activity with the yeast NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) in HCC cells diminishes ferroptosis sensitivity, while inhibiting complex I in normal thyroid cells augments ferroptosis induction. Our work demonstrates unmitigated lipid peroxide stress to be an HCC vulnerability that is mechanistically coupled to the genetic loss of mitochondrial complex I activity.
Significance:
HCC harbors abundant mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and chromosomal losses. Using a CRISPR–Cas9 screen inspired by transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we identify molecular effectors essential for cell fitness. We uncover lipid peroxide stress as a vulnerability coupled to mitochondrial complex I loss in HCC.