bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГОТОВНОСТЬ КУРСАНТОВ ВОЕННОГО ВУЗА К РЕШЕНИЮ ТАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАЧ
Authors: Seredkin Nikolai Alekseevich
Published: June 2017

Цель статьи раскрыть особенности и провести анализ исследований толкования понятия «готовность», сформулировать определение понятия «готовность будущего офицера к решению тактических задач», описать составляющие и её основные компоненты.Методологической основой исследования проблемы готовности будущих офицеров к решению тактических задач являются личностный и деятельностный подходы. Опираясь на них, автор раскрывает сущность определения готовности и описание ее компонентов.Результатами статьи является готовность курсанта к профессиональной деятельности и рассматривается нами как формирующееся в процессе профессиональной подготовки целостное образование, обеспечивающее выполнение им служебно-должностных функций, успешное решение служебно-боевых задач профессиональной деятельности. Оно включает систему качеств личности будущего офицера, характеризующуюся положительным отношением к профессиональной деятельности, наличием адекватного целостного представления о ней, владении способами решения профессиональных задач, восприятие себя как субъекта собственной деятельности. Рефлексивное отношение к собственной деятельности является одним из важнейших условий глубокого ее осознания, критического анализа и конструктивного совершенствования.Вывод: Определение понятия готовности курсанта к решению тактических задач и ее компонентов является теоретической основой совершенствования процесса профессиональной подготовки в военном вузе. Составляющие готовности и ее показатели задают преподавателю военного вуза вектор практической деятельности по ее формированию.
Assessment of tumor necrosis factor- alpha in gingivitis and periodontitis patients
Authors: Shrestha Sajeev , Neupane Manisha , Sharma Shivalal , Lamsal Madhab
Published: June 2017

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α, one of the cytokines, is released in various chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis.Aims: To estimate the level of Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) in gingivitis and periodontitis patientsSettings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 75 patients were recruited by purposive sampling technique among the patients visiting the Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology during the period one year from August 2014 to July 2015.Material and methods: The recruited samples were divided into gingivitis and periodontitis groups based on clinical attachment level (CAL). A periodontitis subject was defined as having at least 4 sites with pocket depth (PD) >3mm and at least 4 sites with CAL>3 mm, while gingivitis group included the subjects having no CAL measurements greater than 3 mm with signs of inflammation. The TNF-α level was measured using the RayBio Human TNF-alpha ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit.Results: The Median TNF-α interquartile range (IQR) (minimum-maximum) in gingivitis and periodontitis was 58.37 (32.63 – 198.77) and 111.89 (39.27 – 215.0) pg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The level of TNF-α was found to be higher in periodontitis group compared to gingivitis group, although the result was not statistically significant.
Alternative processes of nitrogen removal from wastewater — startup of nitritation reactor
Authors: Hong Ngoc Cao Thanh , Vlčková Stanislava , Drtil Miloslav
Published: June 2017

Efficient nitritation was tested in SBR with the aim to accumulate nitrites and to minimize nitrates production in reject wastewater with 500 mg L-1 (NH4
++ NH3)-N and with different molar ratios of HCO3
-: (NH4
++ NH3)-N (1.1-2.1). More than 80 % efficiency of nitritation and permanent inhibition of NOB were achieved at the ratios of 1.71.9 and at the loading of 0.16-0.6 kg (NH4
++ NH3)-N m-3 d-1. Under these conditions, the outflow pH was in the range of 5.9-6.5, outflow c (NO2
- + HNO2)-N increased up to 400 mg L-1 and c (NO3
-)-N dropped below 50 mg L-1. Undissociated HNO2 was confirmed as the main inhibitor of NOB.
The Effects of Bench Press Variations in Competitive Athletes on Muscle Activity and Performance
Authors: Saeterbakken Atle Hole , Mo Dag-André , Scott Suzanne , Andersen Vidar
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was to compare the EMG activity performing 6RM competition style bench press (flat bench-wide grip) with 1) medium and narrow grip widths on a flat bench and 1) inclined and declined bench positions with a wide grip. Twelve bench press athletes competing at national and international level participated in the study. EMG activity was measured in the pectoralis major, anterior and posterior deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii and latissimus dorsi. Non-significant differences in activation were observed between the three bench positions with the exception of 58.5-62.6% lower triceps brachii activation, but 48.3-68.7% greater biceps brachii activation in the inclined bench compared with the flat and declined bench position. Comparing the three grip widths, non-significant differences in activations were observed, with the exception of 25.9-30.5% lower EMG activity in the biceps brachii using a narrow grip, compared to the medium and wide grip conditions. The 6-RM loads were 5.8-11.1% greater using a medium and wide grip compared to narrow grip width and 18.5-21.5% lower in the inclined bench position compared with flat and declined. Comparing the EMG activity during the competition bench press style with either the inclined and declined bench position (wide grip) or using a narrow and medium grip (flat bench), only resulted in different EMG activity in the biceps- and triceps brachii. The 6RM loads varied with each bench press variation and we recommend the use of a wide grip on a flat bench during high load hypertrophy training to bench press athletes.
Reproductive Phenology and Growth of Riparian Species along Phra Prong River, Sa Kaeo Province, Eastern Thailand
Authors: Moungsrimuangdee Boontida , Waiboonya Panya , Larpkern Panadda , Yodsa-Nga Prapatsorn , Saeyang Maliwan
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the duration of flowering and fruiting and the growth of riparian species in the natural forest along Phra Prong River, Watthana Nakhon District, Sa Kaeo province. The occurrence of flowering and fruiting was recorded every month from February 2015 to January 2016 (12 months) along a 7km distance of the riversides. Sixty six species belonging to 36 families were seen flowering and fruiting in this study. They were observed during February – April. The peak of flowering and fruiting occurred in March (early summer). Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus, Uvaria rufa, and Combretum latifolium had a long lasting flowering and fruiting period. Oxystelma esculentum, Capparis micracantha, Connarus cochinchinensis, Derris scandens, and Ficus racemosa produced flowers and fruits more than once a year. Those species may play an important role in availability of food resources for animals in the riparian forest. The appropriate time to collect seeds in Phra Prong riparian forest starts from February and lasts until August. The germination test indicated that Xanthophyllum lanceatum and Crateva magna had a high germination rate, about 70%. Growth of some riparian species, including Cinnamomum iners, Dipterocarpus alatus, Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus and Hopea odorata was monitored every three months from July 2015 to June 2016. Diameter growth of D. alatus was significantly higher during the wet season (Jul-Sep) than other seasons. In contrast, the rest of the species showed no significant differences among monitoring periods. Height growth rate of C. iners was significantly highest late in the dry period (Jan-Mar).
MERCOSUR y UNASUR: Una aproximación al tratamiento de la movilidad de personas
Authors: Nejamkis Rubellin Lucila
Published: June 2017

La integración regional constituye un proceso complejo que involucra un conjunto de fenómenos políticos, económicos, culturales y sociales sobre los cuales los estados deben lograr acuerdos a fin de definir políticas coordinadas. El tránsito de personas y la regulación de los flujos migratorios forman parte de estos aspectos que por abordar. En los últimos años, los diferentes bloques regionales de América del Sur (MERCOSUR, CAN, UNASUR) han pretendido avanzar en esta dirección. Conceptos como la libre circulación y la ciudadanía regional han dominado las propuestas, aunque no siempre con éxito. Este proceso se ve acompañado por transformaciones de las políticas migratorias a nivel local. Argentina como pionero, en el año 2003 abrió un espacio de discusión, seguido por Uruguay y Perú que también modificaron sus normativas. Por su parte Brasil, Paraguay, Chile y Ecuador, se encuentran en un proceso de debate acerca de la necesidad de reformar su legislación migratoria. Los propósitos de este trabajo son: (1) analizar el vínculo entre proceso de integración regional y políticas migratorias, específicamente en el MERCOSUR y UNASUR entre los años 2002 y 2014, y (2) indagar cómo influye la regionalización en las decisiones nacionales vinculadas a la temática migratoria
Reseña de Libro La diplomacia digital, la teoría y la práctica
Authors: Loría-Cambronero María Paula
Published: June 2017

El libro Digital Diplomacy, Theory and Practise, de Corneliu Bjola y Marcus Holmes (2015), trata de la reciente aplicación y desarrollo de la llamada diplomacia digital en el ámbito de la política y la diplomacia tradicional. Sus capítulos comprenden un extenso análisis de este fenómeno, sus características, su desarrollo, así como los debates que acompañan esta nueva corriente pocoestudiada hasta el momento. Además, el libro logra, exitosamente, incorporar ejemplos de Estados, los cuales fomentan el uso y crecimiento de la diplomacia digital o e-diplomacy, como se le ha llamado en varios espacios. De forma muy completa, se presentan aspectos básicos sobre el concepto de diplomacia digital, desde su definición como “una estrategia para manejar cambios mediante herramientas digitales y colaboraciones virtuales” (2015, Corneliu Bjola), hasta la controversia que ha generado en la comunidad diplomática de inclinación tradicional. El ingreso de la diplomacia digital a la esfera diplomática se explica como un efecto de la explosión tecnológica de los años 2000. Sin embargo, los autores Bjola y Holmes realizan una aclaración en cuanto a las diferencias de los Estados, en términos de implementación de esta misma. Asimismo, en otraconstante dentro del texto se analiza la discusión sobre el nacimiento de un nuevo tipo de diplomacia y nuevos actores capaces de influir en las relaciones internacionales. Los Estados Unidos de América se mantienen presentes como el mayor ejemplar en el desarrollo de la diplomacia digital, y se expresa su apoyo hacia la necesidad de utilizar esta herramienta política. Por otra parte,se analizan las nuevas funciones, roles y efectos de las redes sociales en el mundo diplomático y sus significados para las relaciones internacionales. Finalmente, uno de los puntos fuertes en el análisis del libro son las nuevas formas de comunicación y la actual relación entre Estados, sus embajadas y personal diplomático y los actores no-gubernamentales (aclarados en el texto como la ciudadanía y la comunidad cibernética).
Importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of the migrating motility complex
Authors: Romański KW
Published: June 2017

The migrating motility complex (MMC), a cyclical phenomenon, represents rudimentary motility pattern in the gastrointestinal tract. The MMC is observed mostly in the stomach and gut of man and numerous animal species. It contains three or four phases, while its phase III is the most characteristic. The mechanisms controlling the pattern are unclear in part, although the neural control of the MMC seems crucial. The main goal of this article was to discuss the importance of intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in MMC initiation, migration, and cessation to emphasize that various MMC-controlling mechanisms act through the enteric nervous system. Two main neural regions, central and peripheral, are able to initiate the MMC. However, central regulation of the MMC may require cooperation with the enteric nervous system. When central mechanisms are not active, the MMC can be initiated peripherally in any region of the small bowel. The enteric nervous system affects the MMC in response to the luminal stimuli which can contribute to the initiation and cessation of the cycle, and it may evoke irregular phasic contractions within the pattern. The hormonal regulators released from the endocrine cells may exert a modulatory effect upon the MMC mostly through the enteric nervous system. Their central action could also be considered. It can be concluded that the enteric nervous system is involved in the great majority of the MMC-controlling mechanisms.
Reinterpretasi Asbāb Al-Nuzūl bagi Penafsiran Alquran
Authors: Riyani Irma , Huriani Yeni
Published: June 2017

Asbāb al-nuzūl are socio-historical events surrounding the revelation of the Qur’an and they are important aspects to understand the meaning of the Qur’an. Unfortunately, in many tafsir that written either in classical or modern exegesis many exegetes seem to ignore the important messages of these socio-historical aspects of the Qur’an. Many exegetes only focus on the texts and produce the textual-doctrinal understanding of the Qur’an that detached from its context. This article based on the claim of universality of the messages of the Qur’an to all human beings across time and space. This article employs interpretative-analysis method to analyze the use of Asbāb al-nuzūl in kitab tafsir – classic and modern - and to seek a new understanding in both: the theory a well as the use of Asbāb al-nuzūl for Qur’anic interpretation. This article shows that the study of Asbāb al-nuzūl should be concerned not only with the specific events of the revelations but also with the spirit of the time when the events occurred in order to understand the basic meaning intended by the texts revealed in various occasions. Therefore, the meaning of the Qur'an should be derived not only from the general meaning of the texts but also from the contexts of the revelations (al-ibrat bi umum al-lafzh ma’a mura’at khusus al-sabab). Interpreting the Qur’an by paying attention to socio-historical approach will lead us to a more dynamic and dialogical interpretation with the cultural contexts without ignoring the ethical principles of the Qur’an.
Yield and Yield Attributes Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to Elevated CO2 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in the Humid Transitory Rainforest
Authors: ADEYEMI Nurudeen , SAKARIYAWO Olalekan , ATAYESE Muftau
Published: June 2017

Variations in yield components and grain yield of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculated soybean varieties (Glycine max L. Merrill) grown in CO2 enriched environment in the humid rainforest were tested.  A screen house trial was established with soybean varieties (‘TGx 1448-2E’, ‘TGx 1440-1E’ and ‘TGx 1740-2F’), AMF inoculation (with and without) and CO2 enrichment (350±50 ppm and 550±50 ppm) in open top chamber, arranged in completely randomised design, replicated three times. A field trial was also conducted; the treatments were arranged in a split-split plot configuration fitted into randomised complete block design. In the main plot the variant was CO2 enrichment, the sub-plot consisted of AMF inoculation (with and without), while the sub-sub plot consisted of soybean varieties, replicated three times. Both trials had significantly higher grain yield at elevated CO2 than ambient. This could be attributed to improved yield attributes, more spore count and root colonisation. In both trials, inoculated soybean had significantly higher dry pod weight than un-inoculated, which could suggest the increased grain yield observed on the field. AMF inoculated soybean varieties outperformed un-inoculated in both CO2 enriched and ambient concentrations. AMF inoculated soybean variety ‘TGx 1740-2F’ is most preferable in CO2 enriched environment, while variety ‘TGx 1448-2E’ had the most stable grain yield in all growth environments.
O outro, o mesmo: A corrida de touros espanhola como objeto da etnologia francesa entreguerras
Authors: Sobral Luís Felipe
Published: June 2017

Resumo Durante a missão etnográfica e linguística Dacar-Djibuti (1931-1933), o escritor e etnógrafo Michel Leiris demonstrou interesse, em uma carta endereçada à sua esposa em Paris, em realizar uma etnografia da corrida de touros espanhola. Tal ideia jamais se concretizou. Este artigo, orientado por um raciocínio conjectural, descreve os fatores que impediriam a realização desta ideia no âmbito da etnologia francesa, caso ela fosse colocada em prática. Mas não basta para tanto compreender somente quais eram os métodos etnográficos então vigentes e a posição de Leiris diante deles; é preciso examinar também o estatuto marginal e ambíguo da Espanha tanto na epistemologia etnológica como no regime identitário europeu, dois sistemas simbólicos que se encontram profundamente imbricados.
The Righteous Bankruptcy Trustee: The influence of creditors on the appointment of a bankruptcy trustee from a Netherlands perspective.
Authors: Vriesendorp Reinout D
Published: June 2017

In this contribution the topic of integrity of the bankruptcy trustee is being dealt with from a Dutch perspective, more specifically from the point of view of the creditors and their (lack of) influence on the appointment of the trustee. In this respect various questions are addressed: what does integrity or righteousness mean in the context of the appointment of a bankruptcy trustee and what do we mean when we are talking about a righteous trustee; why do we need a righteous trustee; and how do we reach our goal? After investigating the existing safeguards to prevent non-righteous persons to be enrolled or appointed as trustee, the position of the creditors is dealt with, especially with respect to their influence on the appointment of the trustee. A quick glance on various neighbouring jurisdictions, demonstrates that not much has been regulated in the Netherlands. As to the question whether or not more creditor involvement in the appointment process is required or desired, it is argued that there is no need to increase their influence because it is not to be expected that such influence will enhance the integrity of bankruptcy trustees.
UN Peacekeepinig in Africa and Good Governance: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Van Genugten Willem
Published: June 2017

While UN peacekeeping operations are in most cases confronted with a multitude of intertwined problems, this seems to be even worse in Africa. Operations on African soil have to react more than averagely to inter- as well as intrastate conflicts based upon ethnic tension, to conflicts starting from extreme poverty or the abuse of natural resources, and to situations in which governments are failing to do what governments should do. In the paper the mandates of the six ongoing UN peacekeeping operations in Africa – as of 1 May 2007, that is, in the Western Sahara, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Côte d’Ivoire and Sudan – are analysed from the perspective of their (desired) contribution to the establishment of good governance structures. That analysis is followed by some observations upon the changing nature of peacekeeping operations. This includes the need to react to the specificity of African conflicts – which are often characterised by the combination of poverty, weak public institutions, a small private sector, high illiteracy, a narrow skills base, and limited capabilities for guaranteeing security – and the more general move towards 'peace building', which is in so many ways similar to a 'good governance' approach. The paper concludes by formulating a few lessons. These relate to such things as the need for UN peace keepers to take care of the economic root causes of the conflicts they have to deal with, as well as the task to invest systematically in building up governmental structures and legal institutions, while at the same time training police, army and judiciary staff in respect for human rights and in notions such as trying to solve conflicts without the use of violent means. The paper ends by underlining the necessity of a good interplay between the UN peace keepers and all state and non-state actors involved, from land lords and associations of farmers to regional intergovernmental organisations, from NGO’s to the International Financial Institutions and UN Specialised Organisations. If this is not going to happen, the focus is too much upon the military aspects only, and that is – needed as it may be in the short run – a guarantee that conflicts will reoccur as soon as the operations have ended.
A very long engagement: The Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the 1993 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption
Authors: Couzens Ed
Published: June 2017

This article analyses the intercountry adoptions provisions contained in Chapter 16 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, against the standards of the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoptions, 1993. After a brief overview of the two leading South African cases on intercountry adoption, which stress the importance of having this institution statutorily regulated, the author proceeds to analyse the most significant clauses pertaining to intercountry adoptions contained in the Act, in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses in this new statutory framework. The author concludes that the Children’s Act is a dramatic improvement on the current regime of intercountry adoptions and that it has the potential to make this institution work in the best interests of children.
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

In this issue the nexus between labour relations and electronic privacy, affirmative action in India, intercountry adoption of children, the award of costs in public interest litigation and the legal uncertainties surrounding liability for injuries of student actors are the themes of the contributions.
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

The oratio of Judge Deon van Zyl (currently Inspecting Judge: Inspectorate of Correctional Services) on the Judiciary as a Bastion of the Legal Order in Challenging Times appears in this issue at a time when the independence of the judiciary, the structures of the courts and various occurrences involving judges and the rule of law are topical in the public debate in South Africa.  The paper was delivered in October 2008 as the annual FW de Klerk Lecture and it closes with the words: ". . . it is what they say and do in good faith and with reference to the moral values of the community they serve, that stimulates public confidence in the judiciary as a bastion of the legal order, however challenging the times may be."
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

We are pleased to publish here, as an oratio, the Ebsworth Memorial Lecture delivered by Mr Justice Louis Harms in February 2007.  In his lecture he addressed a range of contentious issues regarding the challenges of judging under a (new) Bill of Rights and he inter alia raises, "without answering, the question of whether a bill of rights should reflect existing societal values or whether it should create them."  He also spoke candidly of judicial activism, verbosity emanating from the bench, the judiciary and the separation of powers and (in-)consistency in constitutional adjudication.  Among his conclusions he states that a Bill of Rights "is supposed to remove arbitrariness, not only of legislation but also of adjudication."
Marimuthu Munien V BMW Financial Services (SA) (PTY) LTD Unreported Case No 16103/08 (KZD)
Authors: Van Heerden Corlia , Coetzee Hermie
Published: June 2017

Section 129(1)(a) read with section 130(1) and 130(3) of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (the NCA) provides that, as a required procedure before debt enforcement, a credit provider must draw the default to the consumer's notice in writing and propose that the consumer refer the credit agreement to a debt counsellor, alternative dispute resolution agent, consumer court or ombud with jurisdiction, with the intent that the parties resolve any dispute under the agreement or develop and agree on a plan to bring the payments under the agreement up to date. Even though section 129(1)(a) is silent as to the method by which the default should be brought to the consumer's notice, section 130(1)(a) provides clarity by requiring the section 129(1)(a) notice to be delivered. It appears that a credit provider who fails to comply with the provisions of section 129(1)(a) prior to debt enforcement by means of litigation will be in a procedural predicament as the credit provider will not possess a complete cause of action thus, for instance, rendering the summons excipiable. The crucial question thus appears to be whether or not in a given situation one may say that there was proper compliance with section 129(1)(a) as this directly affects the existence or absence of a complete and proper cause of action. A number of factors has to be considered in order to address this question, the most important being if the section 129(1)(a) notice was duly 'delivered'. In this regard two questions are especially relevant: a)     When exactly can it be said that a section 129(1)(a) notice was 'delivered' for purposes of the NCA? b)     Is it necessary for such notice to be received by the consumer in order to constitute proper compliance with the delivery requirement pertaining to section 129(1)(a)? The above questions were decided on in a recent judgment, Marimuthu Munien v BMW Financial Services (SA) (Pty) Ltd Case no 16103/08 (KZD) (unreported). This article will analyse section 129(1)(a) of the NCA by inter alia considering the above questions against the backdrop of the particular decision.
Editorial
Authors: Gisbert Cervera Mercè , Esteve Mon Francesc M.
Published: June 2017

Presentem, a continuació, el primer número de l’any 2017 d’Universitas Tarraconensis: Revista de Ciències de l’Educació. Com a continuació descrivim, es tracta d’un número amb un seguit d’investigacions realitzades per professors i investigadors de diferents universitats de l’estat espanyol, però integrant, totes elles, una important mirada europea i internacional, amb temes de rellevància científica i interès acadèmic per al món de l’educació.
Exploring Spanish Register among Graduate Students: A Pilot Study of Spanish at a University in Southern California
Authors: Chroman Tanya
Published: June 2017

This article expands the study of registers in conversational and written language with empirical data collected from different situations throughout the daily activities of two bilingual populations at a university in Southern California. It explores the importance of register distinction in the classroom. This is done by studying the use of formal and informal register at the university between two bilingual populations throughout the tasks they perform on a daily basis. Language samples used in a normal day were collected and transcribed for analysis. A qualitative analysis was performed using characteristics previously studied by Valdés and Geoffrion-Vinci in 1998: lexical choice, integration versus fragmentation and detachment versus involvement. Results indicated similarities in the use of Spanish register used among the two populations studied. A presence of informal register was found in formal contexts by both bilingual populations. Implications for curriculum and course development including register topics are discussed.
Antecedent Retrieval with Repeated Name Anaphors in Japanese: Topic and Subject
Authors: Shoji Shinichi
Published: June 2017

The present study tested whether repeated-name anaphors in Japanese elicit different effects in retrieving antecedents, depending on the anaphors being either a topic anaphor appended with the topic marker wa or a non-topic anaphor with the nominative marker ga. Early studies have shown that pronoun anaphors facilitate faster retrieval of their antecedents relative to repeated name anaphors, when the anaphors are grammatical subjects that refer to salient antecedents. In Japanese, however, grammatical subjects can be further classified into topic-subjects marked by wa and non-topic subjects marked by ga. Therefore, different antecedent-retrieval patterns may be possible between topic-wa and topic-ga even when they both were repeated-name anaphors. In addition, the present study investigated this issue with native English speakers who were learners of Japanese. Because their first language, English, does not overtly mark an entity as topic or non-topic, it was predicted that they might be relatively insensitive to anaphors’ topic-hood and may not show different effects between topic-wa and non-topic-ga. A self-paced reading experiment showed that native Japanese speakers retrieved antecedents faster for repeated-name topic-wa anaphors than for non-topic-ga. On the other hand, native English speakers showed only marginally faster retrieval of antecedents for topic anaphors compared with to non-topic anaphors.
Bilingual Panama: EFL Teacher Perceptions, Study Abroad in an Immersion Environment
Authors: Vargas Dalys
Published: June 2017

In 2014, the newly inaugurated Government of Panama launched the Panamá Bilingüe initiative, considering that sustainable development demanded taking emergency measures to improve the teaching of English in public schools. The program is designed to impact at least 250,000 students in a five-year period, gradually training approximately ten thousand pre-service and experienced English teachers. Using a narrative inquiry method, twelve teachers who sojourned for eight weeks in the United States, England, and Scotland under the program were interviewed after their return, to study their perceptions of the benefits and challenges of cultural and linguistic immersion on EFL teacher development, and how it specifically affected their teaching skills. The teachers appreciated practicing English in an immersion environment, learned new teaching techniques, and reflected on their prior knowledge and practices.  Nevertheless, they felt that the ESL approach prevalent at the host universities responds to needs that differ from those they deal with in Panama, where the low proficiency of primary school teachers and inadequate school facilities are major obstacles to teaching and learning English.
The Attitude of Economic Students and Lecturers toward Economic English Material Based on Shariah Economy System
Authors: Una Syamsul , Husain Djamiah , Halim Abd.
Published: June 2017

This research aimed to investigate Economic students and lecturers’ attitude toward economic English material based on shariah economy system. The material was the new material design that combined economic English in general and shariah economy concept in a teaching and learning material. This research is survey research. It was held at Economy Faculty of Dayanu Ikhsanuddin University Baubau Indonesia in 2015/2016 academic year. This research was limited to analyze both Economic students and lecturers’ attitude toward economic English material based on shariah economy system. The Participants of the study were 100 Economic students and 20 Economic lecturers. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview. All participants were invited to respond to questionnaires. And they then participated in follow-up interviews. The results of the study showed that the main score of students’ attitude was 42.24 and lecturers’ attitude was 41.50. From the main above indicated that both Economic students and lecturers had positive attitude toward economic English material based on shariah economy system.
A Brief Study on the Qualities of an Effective Sentence
Authors: Yu Xiu
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to introduce the five essential qualities of an effective sentence in English, that is, correctness, clearness, unity, coherence and emphasis. By analyzing these essential qualities, English learners can make and use English sentences more effectively and efficiently.
Lifestyles of university students in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Brankovic Suada , Pilav Aida , Cilović-Lagarija Šeila , Pašalić Arzija , Mahmutović Jasmina
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Currently, there is a growing interest in alcoholism-related studies among healthcare community. Cigarette smoking is five times more prevalent among adult men compared to women but these gender differences have been decreasing among young people. In developed countries, harmful effects of sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity have led to increased rates of obesity in young population. The main aim of this study was to explore the lifestyles of students at the University of Sarajevo. We investigated the prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, eating habits, and physical activity in this student population.

Methods: Students from Faculty of Health Sciences [FHS], Faculty of Political Science [FPS], and Faculty of Traffic Engineering and Communications [FTEC]) voluntarily participated in this questionnaire-based study. We surveyed a total of 410 students.

Results: On average, 21.8% of participants consumed cigarettes (a significantly higher number of those who smoked cigarettes was in FPS group). The highest number of students who reported physical activity (recreational or active sport) was in FTEC group (66.5%), and the difference was statistically significant compared to FHS (48.2%) and FPS (51.9%) groups. Over 60% of participants in all three groups experienced stress occasionally. The majority of students in three groups consumed fast food while at campus. The highest number of students in all three groups reported to drink water compared to other drinks.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the lifestyles of university students in Sarajevo are subject to concern. Frequent alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are typical examples of behaviour that should be reduced through educative programs and workshops.
Ertüchtigung automatisierter Systeme für den I4.0-Einsatz
Authors: Faul Alexander , Jazdi Nasser , Weyrich Michael
Published: June 2017

Im Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, das es ermöglicht, bestehende Automatisierungssysteme für Industrie 4.0 und Internet of Things zu ertüchtigen. Das Hauptaugenmerk des Konzepts liegt auf den Kommunikationsfähigkeiten, die für eine Interaktion der Systeme notwendig sind. Damit diese Fähigkeiten ohne umfassende Modifikationen der Automatisierungssysteme realisiert werden können, besteht das Konzept aus verschiedenen Komponenten, die die Anbindung an das Automatisierungssystem, die Repräsentation desselben und die Kommunikation mit den anderen Automatisierungssystemen übernehmen.
Fahrzeugkomponenten in Echtzeit überwachen
Authors: Foulard Stéphane , Rinderknecht Stephan , Fietzek Rafael
Published: June 2017

Aufgrund der zunehmend verschärften Emissionsanforderungen und der Notwendigkeit für die Automobilhersteller und -zulieferer, wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben werden die Aspekte Kosten, Entwicklungszeiten und Leichtbau heutzutage stark fokussiert. In diesem Zusammenhang schöpft der aktuelle Stand der Technik allerdings wichtige Potenziale bei Auslegung, Betrieb und Wartung von mechatronischen Fahrzeugkomponenten nicht aus. In der Tat wird eine eher konservative Vorgehensweise gewählt, um ein hohes Maß an Zuverlässigkeit zu garantieren und Betriebsausfälle so weit wie möglich zu vermeiden. Diese ist vor allem durch die begrenzten Kenntnisse über das tatsächliche Nutzungsprofil im realen Betrieb bedingt. Als direkte Folge sind die mit Standardindustrieverfahren entwickelten Fahrzeugkomponenten für den Großteil der Endkunden überdimensioniert, also schwerer und teurer als nötig. Daher wurde am Institut für Mechatronische Systeme im Maschinenbau (IMS) der TU Darmstadt in den vergangenen Jahren ein neuartiger und rein softwarebasierter Ansatz zu kosteneffizientem Leichtbau und belastungsgerechterer Auslegung am Beispiel von Fahrzeuggetrieben entwickelt. Als Ausgründung des IMS betreibt die Compredict GmbH, nun aktiv den Forschungstransfer in die Industrie und erweitert die Grundmethodik für weitere Fahrzeugkomponenten im Rahmen eines Smart-Big-Data-Ansatzes.
Sistemas públicos universais de saúde e cobertura universal dos serviços de assistência médica
Authors: Dallari Sueli Gandolfi
Published: June 2017

O texto aborda a questão dos sistemas públicos universais de saúde e a cobertura universal.
The evolution of the kinematic analysis to obtain the distance covered by basketball players.
Authors: Panhan Ana Carolina , Maia Juliana Landolfi , Monezi Lucas Antônio , Misuta Milton Shoiti , Mercadante Luciano Allegretti
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The methods used to evaluate the distances covered by basketball players change much over time. With technological and computational advances, now you can perform the tracking of the players in real game situation, without interfering with the performance, or the rules of the sport. Objectives: To conduct a literature review of the findings related to distances covered by male basketball players being in competition situation or not and their methodologies used to obtain the results. Methods: A literature review (GOOGLE SCHOLAR and LILACS) was performed to collect articles about the results of the distances covered by elite basketball players and sub-elite, male, tests or competitions and the methodologies used to obtain these results. Results: According to the literature the methodologies used can be divided in three parts: a) methodologies for subjective direct observation of the games; b) observation from filming; c) Tracking players in image sequences. Four papers were found to direct observation methodology games, four works for observation methodology from filming and five papers for players tracking methodology from filming, totaling 13 projects, 11 articles, a dissertation and a monograph. Conclusion: The methods used have allowed the determination of distances accurately and analysis could differentiate the players and functions in different cases, with several factors involved. The distance covered is very important for physical and technical trainers basketball teams to standardize and periodization of training of athletes and individual or collective, and to improve the performance of the players during the games.
Measurement reliability of endotracheal tubes cuff pressure between industrial and handmade devices
Authors: Cunha Ennie Luana Melo , Sales Roberta Duarte , Araújo Zênia Trindade Souto , Gomes Girlene Camilo , Mendes Ciro Leite , Santos Heleodório Honorato dos , Maciel Simone dos Santos
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The cuff pressure is measured in industrial equipment, however, be valid in the craft equipment is still questioned. Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the measurement methods of cuff pressure endotracheal tubes with industrialized and handmade equipment. Method: Were analyzed 40 endotracheal tubes, two brands (Solidor and Ruschelit) and different diameter (8,0 mm and 8,5mm), inflated 20mL of air in the pilot balloon with plastic syringe and 20 mL, followed by pressure measurement device with industrial (cmH2 O) and handmade device (mmHg). After the conversion of cmH2O values for mmHg, the reliability and agreement of measurements were performed by intra-class correlation (ICC) and Bland-Altman tests, respectively, using SPSS (version 15.0) and adopting a significance level of 5% for all comparisons. Results: The data showed similarity between the different pressure equipment, brands and diameter, and demonstrated strong correlation and agreement between the methods. Tube Rus8,0mm industrial versus handmade (28.2±5.8 vs 28.4±6.2 mmHg: ICC=0.998; bias=0.20); Tube Solidor8.0mm industrial versus handmade (75.9±1.1 vs 76.4±1.2 mmHg: ICC=0.878; bias=0.40); Tube Rus8.5mm industrial versus handmade (17.1±8.8 vs 17.8±8.9 mmHg: ICC=0.999; bias=0.67); Tube Sol8.5mm industrial versus handmade (78.7±4.7 vs 78.6±4.6 mmHg: ICC=0.996; bias=-0.1). Conclusion: The high reliability and agreement presented in this study suggest that the cuff pressure gauge handmade can be used safely to evaluate the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube.
Effect of therapeutic ultrasound of low intensity pulsed and continuous in fibroblastic cells in vitro
Authors: Oliveira Priscila Daniele de , Pires-Oliveira Deise Aparecida Almeida , Pacheco-Soares Cristina , Szezerbaty Stheace Kelly Fernandes , Spadaccini Ana Flávia , Bertin Larissa Dragonetti , Silva Jéssica Lucio da , Santos Adriele Flausino dos , Oliveira Rodrigo Franco de
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The ultrasound is widely used clinical practice focused on tissue repair, because it is a secure resource, minimally-invasive and low investment. However, despite the effects of ultrasound have been well described, the ideal relationship between dose and effect, still needs to be better elucidated and bounded. Objective: In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irradiation pulsed ultrasound and continuous in the viability of fibroblastic cells L929 in vitro. Method: The cells were distributed in TPP plates 12 wells in the concentration of 5x105 cells/µL and subdivided into the following groups: G1: control (not received radiation), G2: irradiated to 0.5 W/cm2 - 30% and G3: irradiated to 0.5 W/cm2 - 100%. Then received ultrasonic irradiation with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours, and after 24 hours of each irradiation was performed MTT cytotoxicity cell. Results: Among the three groups analyzed, only the G2 group showed a significant difference between the time 48 and 72 hours (p=0.05). In other times, despite variation in the percentage of viable cells, were not significant. When compared to peers at post-test, it was possible to observe a difference of 29% of viable cells between the groups G1 and G2 (p=0.05). However, the biggest difference was observed between the groups G2 and G3 (p=0.05). Conclusion: In this way, it can be concluded that irradiation pulsed ultrasound showed higher proliferation of fibroblasts L929 in time 48 hours, whereas in group irradiated in continuous mode, there was no statistically significant difference between the times.
COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL BETWEEN COLOMBIAN AND BRAZILIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Castaño Luz Albany Arcila , Uchida Marco Carlos , Barbieri João Francisco , Sampaio Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho , Sampaio Priscila Yukari Sewo , Correia Renan Felipe , Cardona Hernan Mauricio Garcia , Garcia Carlos Eduardo Nieto
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Evidence suggests that populations of developing countries present high levels of sedentarism. In contrast, it is also shown that educational level and access to information regarding the health benefits of exercise can raise a population’s level of physical activity (LPA). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the morphological profile (MP), level of physical activity (LPA) and cardiovascular risk among Brazilian (BPES) and Colombian physical education students (CPES) in an effort to determine if these specific subjects presented different results among themselves and in relation to normative data for each country. Method: The subjects, 59 BPES and 65 CPES, were evaluated through IPAQ in its short form, and had their MP determined through a bioelectric scale and waist measurement to determine the cardiovascular risk. Results: As result we verified that between BPES and CPES only waist circumference (WC) had significant difference (p = 0.016), being higher for CPES males. Comparing the results of the subjects with normative data, with the exception of CPES males, we observed higher LPA, better MP, and lower WC values. Female CPES were more active than their male peers, the opposite being true for the Brazilian subjects. Conclusion: We conclude that the repetitive exposition to information regarding the benefits of physical activity and the access to installations that allows for its practice not only raises LPA of physical education students, but also improves, in general, their MP and cardiovascular risk.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young Patients: Cardio-Respiratory Monitoring
Authors: Buccheri Alfio , Chinè Fabio , Fratto Giovanni , Manzon Licia
Published: June 2017

Objective(s): Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory disorder which affects from 1 to 3 % of people during development. OSAS treatment may be pharmacological, surgical or based on application of intraoral devices to increase nasal respiratory spaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Rapid Maxillary Expander in OSAS young patients by measuring cardio-respiratory monitoring parameters (AHI, the average value of complete and incomplete obstructed respiration per hour of sleep, and SAO2, the percentage of oxygen saturation). Study design: The study was conducted on 11 OSAS young subjects (mean age 6.9±1.04 years), all treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Cardio-respiratory monitoring (8-channel Polymesam) was performed at the beginning (diagnostic, T0) and after 12 months of treatment. Results: The mean values of cardio-respiratory parameters at TO were: AHI=6.09±3.47; SAO2=93.09%±1.60. After 12 months of treatment, the mean values of the same polysomnographic parameters were: AHI=2.36 ± 2.24;SAO2=96.81% ±1.60. These changes were associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms, such as reduction of snoring and sleep apnea. Conclusion(s): This study confirms the therapeutic efficacy of RME in OSAS young patients. This orthopedic-orthodontic treatment may represent a good option in young patients affected by this syndrome.
Vicente Castellano y su participación en los renovadores grupos: Los Siete y Parpalló
Authors: Sánchez del Toro José Manuel
Published: June 2017

RESUMEN:Este artículo estudia la aportación del artista Vicente Castellano Giner (1927-2014) a la renovación de la pintura en los años cincuenta. En él se analizan los primeros años de su trayectoria desde su formación académica en la Escuela de Bellas Artes San Carlos de Valencia y su participación en dos de los grupos más importantes para la renovación artistica valenciana. El grupo Los Siete (1950-1954) y el grupo Parpalló (1956-1958). Donde presentó algunas de las propuestas más vanguardistas desarrolladas durante su estancia en París.PALABRAS CLAVE:Grabado/pintura/abstracción/Los Siete/ParpallóABSTRACT:This article examines the contribution of the artist Vicente Castellano Giner (1927-2014) to the renewal painting of the fifties. It analyzes the early years of his career starting with his academic training at the Escuela de Bellas Artes San Carlos in Valencia, his work until the founding of the group Los Siete (1950-1954), and his attachment years later to the Parpalló group (1956-1958), where he presented some of the most innovative proposals developed during his stay in Paris.KEY WORDS:Engraving/painting/abstraction/Los Siete/Parpalló