bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asuhan Kebidanan Postpartum pada Ny. R dengan Nyeri Luka Perineum
Authors: Iffah Zahirah A  , Hardianti Saputri Linda , Husnah Nurul
Published: December 2024

Masa nifas adalah masa setelah melahirkan dimulai lahirnya bayi, plasenta dan selaputnya yang membutuhkan waktu pemulihan selama kurang lebih 6 minggu. Terjadinya robekan perineum disebabkan oleh proses persalinan ketika bayi lahir secara spontan dengan alat atau tindakan. Menurut data World Health Organization terdapat 2,9 juta kasus robekan perineum pada ibu melahirkan dan diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi 6,8 juta di tahun 2050. Di Indonesia 75 persen dari 100.000 wanita yang melahirkan yaitu 75.000 wanita mengalami robekan perineum. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari RSIA Masyita Makassar pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2022 jumlah keseluruhan ibu nifas yang melahirkan normal sebanyak 623 orang tidak disertai rupture 230 orang dan disertai rupture 393 orang. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah memberikan asuhan kebidanan postpartum pada Ny. R dengan nyeri luka perineum menggunakan manajemen kebidanan sesuai wewenang bidan. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan metode kasus 7 langkah Varney yang didokumentasikan dalam bentuk SOAP. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini  tidak ditemukan kesenjangan antara teori dan studi kasus yang diperoleh dari lahan praktek dan studi kasus Ny. R dengan nyeri luka perineum di RSIA Masyita Makassar.
Asuhan Kebidanan pada Inpartu Kala I Fase Aktif dengan Penerapan Gym Ball untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan
Authors: Cut Ratna Dewi  , Zahara Evi , Nanda Norisa  , Rina Julianti
Published: December 2024

Persalinan kala I fase aktif multigravida umumnya berlangsung kurang lebih 7 jam dan terjadi ketidaknyamanan pada ibu akibat kontraksi berupa rasa nyeri. Gym ball merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mengatasi nyeri serta mempercepat proses kemajuan persalinan dengan cara kerja memperlebar area panggul. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan asuhan kebidanan kala I dengan nyeri persalinan pada ibu Y di Praktik Mandiri Bidan N Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Metode penelitian berupa studi kasus, dilaksanakan dengan manajemen asuhan kebidanan varney. Asuhan kebidanan didokumentasikan berdasarkan SOAP. Subyek penelitian ini ialah ibu Y G5P2A2 gravida 38 minggu 3 hari yang mengalami ketidaknyamanan berupa nyeri pada kala I fase aktif. Tempat penelitian di Praktik Mandiri Bidan N Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Hasil asuhan kebidanan persalinan kala I dengan nyeri yaitu dilakukan manajemen nyeri dengan menggunakan gym ball. Penggunaan gym ball efektif mengurangi nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif yang dialami ibu. Rasa nyeri persalinan semakin berkurang dari skala 8 menjadi 4 pada penggunaan gym ball dengan teknik pelvic rocking. Persalinan kala I fase aktif berlangsung selama 60 menit. Kesimpulan gym ball efektif mengurangi nyeridan mempercepat kemajuan persalinan pada kala I ibu Y G5P2A2.
Optimization of Bacterial Image Processing for Early Detection of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Disease
Authors: Imron Arizal Mujibtamana Nanda , Fitri Zilvanhisna Emka , Putra Alfian Pramudita
Published: December 2024

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in Indonesia. ARI persists as a significant global health concern in the post-Covid-19 era. ARI – a respiratory infection – is categorized into four distinct types: pneumonia, diphtheria, pharyngitis, and tuberculosis. These diseases are caused by different bacteria. To control the transmission of these bacteria, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia has identified the discovery of disease-causing bacteria as a crucial step. However, the issue that arises is that the limited number of medical analysts causes an extended period for the early detection of the disease, and the process is still dependent on the experience of the medical analyst. To help these issues, researchers developed a system that applies computer vision techniques to classify the types of bacteria that cause ARI using digital images. The research employs digital image processing techniques, including image quality improvement and the use of two segmentation methods (thresholding and Channel Area Thresholding). The parameters employed for classification comprise colony count, area, perimeter, and shape. This research compares the accuracy of five intelligent systems by applying them to the same data set. The SVM method achieves the highest system accuracy rate of 94.06%, while the accuracy rate of multi-layer perceptron and KNN is 93.07%, RBF is 91.09% and Naïve Bayes is 86.84% on a data comparison of 80:20 of 504 data.
İran’ın 19. yüzyıl Fransız edebiyatındaki yeri
Authors: Eceryıldız Duygu
Published: December 2024

Oryantalizm, 19. yüzyıl başlarında Fransızların başlattığı ve Batı Avrupalı sanatçılar arasında yayılan bir resim tarzı olarak ortaya çıkmış, zamanla edebiyat, müzik, opera, tiyatro ve mimarlık gibi alanlara da yayılmıştır. Edward Said, 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde oryantalizmi, Batı’nın Doğu üzerindeki hegemonik ve sömürgeci bakış açısını eleştiren bir kavram olarak yeniden tanımlayarak postkolonyal çalışmalara önemli bir zemin hazırlamıştır.( Coşkun, 2019) Bu yazıda Julia Caterina Hartley’nin “Iran and French Orientalism: Persia in the Literary Culture of Nineteenth-Century France” adlı kitabı, tanıtılacaktır.
Agricultura familiar: perspectivas de uma produção agroecológica em Governador Valadares
Authors: Silva Vânia Guimarães da , Brito Heitor Cardoso de , Amorim Mac Wallace Milord
Published: December 2024

A agricultura familiar é muito presente em Governador Valadares-MG. Entretanto, considerando o contexto histórico nacional, percebe-se que se trata de uma atividade que desafia o agronegócio à medida em que se relaciona com a Agroecologia e com o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Assim, o presente trabalho busca analisar a possibilidade de uma produção agroecológica a partir da experiência de agricultores familiares que integram o MST. Para tal, realizou-se revisões bibliográficas e entrevistas guiadas por um questionário de caráter qualitativo com famílias oriundas do Assentamento Oziel Alves Pereira, localizado naquele município. Dessa forma, pôde-se identificar a presença de práticas agroecológicas na produção de vários alimentos, o uso de policultivos, adubação orgânica e o uso de sementes crioulas. O trabalho proporcionou compreender mais sobre a Agroecologia e sua relação com os movimentos sociais e com a agricultura familiar, assim como a sua relevância socioambiental.
Efeito de diferentes partes vegetais de Tithonia diversifolia sobre a germinação e crescimento de Lactuca sativa e Cucumis sativus
Authors: Henzel Ana Beatriz Devantier , Real Isadora Moreira da Luz , Guarino Ernestino de Souza Gomes , Schiedeck Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Alelopatia é o processo pelo qual produtos do metabolismo secundário de um determinado vegetal são liberados, podendo inibir ou estimular o crescimento de outras plantas relativamente próximas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os potenciais efeitos biológicos do extrato de diferentes partes vegetais de Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de duas espécies indicadoras Lactuca sativa L. e Cucumis sativus L. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos, constituídos de extratos aquosos de T. diversifolia folhas [1], flores [2], hastes [3], parte aérea [4] (folhas+flores+hastes) e água previamente fervida [5], como testemunha. O tratamento que resultou no efeito mais significativo foi o tratamento 2, seguido do tratamento 4, porém os extratos inibiram o desenvolvimento da radícula em todos os tratamentos, quando comparados ao controle. Extratos vegetais de diferentes partes T. diversifolia inibiram os parâmetros de crescimento de L. sativa e C. sativus na seguinte ordem: flores >parte áerea > folhas > hastes
Diversity and location: key elements to the production of agroecological technical novelties by smallholders
Authors: Cuenin Pauline Hélène Cécile Marie , De Oliveira Marcelo Leles Romarco , Botelho Maria Izabel Vieira , Van den Berg Leonardo , Cardoso Irene Maria
Published: December 2024

The institutionalization of the industrial agriculture regime weakened the potential of novelties production by smallholders. Novelties here are understood as specific types of innovations, necessary to find solutions to the current multifaceted agricultural crises and to move towards more sustainable agrifood systems. The objective of this article is to understand how the different approaches to agroecology support the experimentation processes of technical novelties by smallholders. To reach this goal, participatory observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out with smallholders in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. Biodiversity was identified as an important factor that enables experimentation and creation of agroecological technical innovations. The ability to adapt to the biophysical environment and the daily observations made by smallholders are key elements. Diversity and location, both fundamental components of agroecology, have proved essential in stimulating the creative capacities of smallholders.
ASSET BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DI PESANTREN WISATA: IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGIS DI PP. AN-NUR 2 AL MURTADLO MALANG
Authors: Djawahir Abdillah Ubaidi
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to explore the Asset Base Community Development (ABCD) on the implementation of the pesantren community, focusing on seven specific principles. Induction deduction design, including in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), workshops, observations, and document analysis, were used. Findings of "Mapping Tourism Asset" Pesantren Wisata Annur 2 Al Murtadlo Malang. Community members have a high level of shared meaning, commitment, full participation and an internationally focused democratic power distribution, social capital ties, and effective access to internal resources. And good relationships with communities and external organizations. Pesantren as an institution has both material and immaterial tools. Both are the components of the existence of pesantren as an institution of education, social and religious. The Mapping Tourism Asset becomes a strong marker for the development of pesantren from an institution of religious education (Islam), socially, culturally and culturally has a strong opportunity to become part of the growth the halal tourism industry in Indonesia. The approach and methodology of ABCD used in this research resulted in mapping "tourism assets" of pesantren wisata that is, the true of education program; museum; spot of selfie; bank of garbage; and the souvenir center.
Role of seagrass physical structure in macrofaunal biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
Authors: Colvin TJ , Snelgrove PVR
Published: December 2024

Seagrass above-ground shoot canopies and below-ground rhizome networks provide structurally complex habitat that supports diverse macrofaunal communities. Seagrasses also support biodiversity through their biological activity by influencing food availability. While numerous studies have demonstrated that seagrass physical and biological habitat elements influence macrofaunal diversity and community structure, we lack an understanding of how these elements potentially interact with sedimentary macrofaunal communities to influence ecosystem processes. To understand how physical seagrass structure affects macrofaunal biodiversity and the processes of carbon and nutrient cycling, we deployed artificial seagrass patches that mimicked canopies and surface rhizomes, in tandem with parallel observations of natural seagrass Zostera marina, unvegetated habitat, seagrass patch edge, and canopy control treatments. After 3 mo, we recorded rates of oxygen and nutrient flux from sediment cores and assessed macrofaunal biodiversity and environmental variables to relate them to benthic flux patterns. We found significantly higher macrofaunal abundance and diversity in natural seagrass treatments compared to unvegetated, patch edge, canopy control, and artificial seagrass treatments. However, we found no difference in benthic fluxes across all treatments, suggesting a lesser role for macrofaunal bioturbation in nutrient regeneration in these nearshore sediments. Our results also suggest lesser importance for the structural benefits of seagrasses than their biological contributions for supporting macrofaunal biodiversity. Negative edge effects on macrofaunal abundance and diversity suggest potential consequences for macrofaunal communities of fragmented seagrass habitats associated with anthropogenic disturbance.
Instability, as a Characteristic of Organizations in the 21st Century
Authors: Gál Zsuzsa
Published: December 2024

Change has become permanent in organizations in the 21st century, therefore adaptation is essential for survival. Change management deals primarily with controlled changes and puts less focus on spontaneous changes. The question arises as to whether organizations operating in constant instability can be characterized by chaos. The purpose of the study is to explore the relation between chaos theory and change management based on domestic and international literature. The question to be answered is whether it is possible to characterize organizations based on variables, dynamics, structure, movement, or predictability of change among the characteristics of chaos. This raises the question of whether it is chaos, or some of its characteristics, which affects the functioning of an organization. In the study, I point out that not each of the characteristics of chaos theory is adequate for describing the functioning of an organization, however, instability plays a significant role in survival in uncertain environmental conditions.
Edpuzzle Application in Improving Nursing Students' Metric and Drug Dose Calculation Skills in a Virtual Learning Environment: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ordu Yadigar , Yılmaz Sakine , Özaras Öz Gözde
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Edpuzzle application on nursing students' metric conversion and drug dose calculation skills.
Methods: 84 nursing students participated in parallel groups in the mixed model single-blind randomized controlled study, conducted between April and June 2021.Data were collected using a descriptive features form, metric and drug dose calculation skill test. After all students completed the theoretical lessons, a pre-application of the skill test was made. After the experimental group students watched the interactive videos in the Edpuzzle application for fifteen days, a final skill test was applied to all students. Then, four focus group interviews were conducted with 28 experimental group students.
Results: The last scores of the students in the experimental group, pertaining to metric and drug dose calculation skill test, were higher than those of the students in the control group and were statistically significant (p
Examining the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Mothers Diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Kaplan Zahide , Karataş Hülya , Acar Ufuk
Published: December 2024

Objective: It is an important issue to determine the effects and health behaviors of mothers and babies, who are among the vulnerable groups, in particular situations that affect the perceptions and orientations of societies in many dimensions, such as the pandemic. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the breastfeeding-related knowledge and practices of mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 and their breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 and having a baby aged between 0 and 24 months. Data were obtained through a questionnaire form including participants' descriptive characteristics and the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale: short form, administered through telephone interviews.
Results: The study included participants with a mean age of 29.39±5.34 years, of whom 86% resided in urban/rural centers. The average number of pregnancies was 3.46±2.34, and the average number of living children was 2.80±1.79. The percentage of mothers who continued to breastfeed their babies after being diagnosed with COVID-19 was 73.9%. The mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the study group was 54.4±7.2, and the average scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy for mothers who continued to breastfeed after being diagnosed with COVID-19 were significantly higher.
Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that mothers with high breastfeeding self-efficacy scores continued breastfeeding after COVID-19 diagnosis.
Secondary Findings in Turkish Pituitary Neuroendocrine Patients
Authors: Alavanda Ceren , Biber Ayşenur , Altaş Berre , Çörekçi Fatma Berna , Boz Fatma , Acar Zeynep Su , Güney İlter
Published: December 2024

Objective: A secondary finding (SF) is characterized as a genetic variant that could have medical significance but is not connected to the primary purpose of the testing. SFs were published in various communities with diverse ethnic backgrounds, however, there is limited data for patient groups with specific clinical conditions.
Methods: A total of 46 PitNETs patients were included in this study. The 81 genes recommended by the latest ACMG SF guideline (v3.2) were screened in 46 Turkish pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) patients.
Results: For the NGS study, ''The TrueSight One Expanded'' sequencing kit containing 6.704 genes (including ACMG SF v3.2 genes) was used, and sequencing was performed using the Illumina Nextseq 550 platform. In the 81 genes included in ACMG v3.2, a total of 9.430 variants were detected in 46 patients. After filtration steps, in 3 (6.5%) patients, a total of 4 different pathogenic variants were detected in LMNA, APOB, RYR2, and TTN genes. Heterozygous c.5464del (p.Ile1822Serfs*8) variant in the RYR2 gene was novel. Additionally, in 11 patients (23.9%), a total of 13 heterozygous recurrent variants were detected in 5 different genes (BTD, HFE, GAA, MUTYH, and ATP7B) associated with autosomal recessive diseases.
Conclusion:The limited knowledge about the genetic etiology of PitNETs makes it inevitable that studies conducted in this field will contribute to shedding light on the etiology. This study, being the first investigation of SFs in PitNET patients, will make a valuable contribution to the literature.
Is Bruxism an Influential Factor on Mandibular Condyle Morphology?
Authors: Mağat Güldane , Uzun Sultan
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess condyle morphology through panoramic radiographs and investigate the impact of variables such as bruxism, age, gender, education level, chewing habits, and income level on the morphology of the condyle.
Methods: Condyle morphology was assessed across four categories (bird's beak, diagonal diamond, crooked fingers, and oval) in panoramic radiographs featuring 200 patients in this study. Bruxism, age, gender, education level, chewing habits, and income level were classified based on the responses provided in the questionnaires by the individuals in the study.
Results: Among the 100 bruxist patients, 3 exhibited awake, 41 displayed sleep, and 56 manifested both awake and sleep bruxism. Significant differences were observed in the morphology of the left condyle (p < .05). In the 26-40 age group, there was an increase in the appearance of bird's beak, diagonal diamond, and crooked fingers, while the oval condyle's appearance decreased (p < .05). Males showed a greater prevalence of bird beak appearance (p < .05). A rise in education level correlated with increased occurrences of bird beak, diagonal diamond, and crooked finger appearances (p < .05). In the presence of bruxism, there was a statistically higher prevalence of bird's beak and diagonal diamond-shaped condyles (p < .05).
Conclusion: The outcomes of this study on condyle morphology are influenced by bruxism, age, gender, and education level. Individuals experiencing both awake and sleep bruxism exhibit a more pronounced impact on condyle morphology. To ascertain a genuine causal relationship, prospective cohort studies are imperative.
Determining Expression Profile of Leucine-Rich Repeating Transmembrane Protein4 (LRRTM4) In Suicide Cases
Authors: Ata Öztürk Hatice Kübra , Zeybek Volkan , Kesan Selcan , Acar Kemalettin
Published: December 2024

Objective: Suicide is important in forensic medicine. Studies conducted to determine the etiology of suicide have shown that genetic factors have a critical role along with neuroendocrine changes occurring in the brain. It has been shown that dysregulation in the glutamatergic signaling pathway plays an essential role. One of the glutamatergic genes that causes suicide is the leucine-rich repeating transmembrane protein4 (LRRTM4). In our study, unlike previous studies, we planned to investigate LRRTM4 gene expression levels at mRNA and protein levels by taking samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of the brain from autopsy cases. It was aimed to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in LRRTM4 gene expression levels between suicide and non-suicide cases.
Methods: The study group consisted of 38 suicides. The control group consisted of 30 non-suicidal cases. Samples were taken from the DLPFC in the brain from these cases at autopsy. In the tissue samples obtained LRRTM4 gene expressions were analyzed at the mRNA and protein level using quantitative PCR and western blot methods.
Results: LRRTM4 gene expression values of suicides and non-suicide cases were compared. It was found to be 1.6 times higher in the study group than in the control group.
Conclusion: It has been determined that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between suicide and the LRRTM4. Our findings will contribute positively to the pre-detection of risk factors in suicidal individuals and the medicolegal evaluation. Furthermore, our study will guide further research on the role of genetic factors in the etiology of suicide.
Sexual Function Status, Depression and Marital Adjustment in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kahveci Melike , Egelioğlu Cetişli Nuray
Published: December 2024

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the sexual function, depression and marital adjustment of postmenopausal women.
Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with 502 postmenopausal women, data were collected using the participiant description form, Female Sexual Function Scale, Menopause Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, chi-square and correlation analysis.
Results: In the study, it was found that 48% of the women had sexual dysfunction, 8.2% had severe depressive symptoms and their marital adjustment was low. It has been determined that women with sexual dysfunction have increased depression levels, low marital adjustment, and women with low marital adjustment have increased depression levels.
Conclusion: The postmenopausal period is a period that constitutes an important part of a woman's life, has its own symptoms and is a period in which women experience significant changes. It is recommended that education and counseling be provided for sexual problems and depression experienced during this period, that spouses be included in the process, and that women be evaluated with a holistic care focus.
Evaluation of the Reliability of Color-Based Phenotype Probes in the Determination of Gingival Phenotype
Authors: Sari Elif Töre , Alpaslan Nazlı Zeynep
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine gingival thickness with newly developed color-based phenotype probes and to compare the results with the traditional method (transgingival probing).
Methods: 100 individuals with a mean age of 38.37 ± 11.03 years who had Miller I class gingival recession in the anterior region were included in the study. In measurements performed with color-based phenotype probes, white (thin), green (medium), and blue (thick) colored tips were used. In the transgingival probing method, a digital caliper with a penetration depth of 0.01 mm sensitivity was used.
Results: Of the teeth included in the analysis, 45% were in the maxillary anterior region, and 55% were in the mandibular anterior region. The mean tissue thickness was 0.76 ± 0.17 mm in the mandibular jaw and 1.22 ± 0.36 mm in the maxillary jaw (p= .001). A statistically significant relationship was found between the values determined with the transgingival method and the observed probe color (p= .001). The tissue thickness values of the cases whose observed probe color was white were significantly lower compared to those with green, blue, and no color (p< .05). When the mean tissue thicknesses were compared according to colors, tissue thickness significantly increased toward the blue color (p= .001). There was a statistically significant relationship with the gingival thickness measurement values (p= .001), and a low level of agreement was determined (Kappa=0.159). In addition, it was determined that different colors were observed with the color-based phenotype probes in the same quantitative ranges.
Conclusion: Based on the assumption that color-based phenotype probes yield more subjective results, we believe that they can be used in clinical practice to determine gingival phenotype, but when quantitative data are required, prefering to use the transgingival method woud give more accurate results.
Assessing the impact of the S+T+ARTS framework. Main evidence and reflections to inform the community and policymakers for supporting artistic research
Authors: Diakou Stella , De Rosa Simona
Published: December 2024

Artistic research holds significant potential by addressing contemporary challenges at societal, environmental, and technological levels. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the impact of artistic research by assessing a framework funded since 2016 by the European Commission called Science, Technology and Arts (=S+T+ARTS). The discussion assesses the impact of the S+T+ ARTS framework by focusing on its ability to bridge science, technology, and artistic practice, reaching significant impacts at different levels. Through a comprehensive evaluation methodology, the study examines various dimensions of impact, including social, economic, technological, political, and environmental aspects. Findings suggest a pronounced social impact, evidenced by enhanced networking, interdisciplinary collaboration, and engagement with vulnerable groups. While economic impacts are less tangible, the framework underscores the need for innovative indicators to capture the economic value of artistic research accurately. Overall, the study advocates for (i) continued support and exploration of artistic research frameworks to address contemporary societal challenges effectively and (ii) the development of ad-hoc methodologies to map the assessment of such initiatives.
Flipped classroom in physiology education: where are we and where are we heading?
Authors: Liu Jing , Wu Zheng , Lan Yang-Zheng , Chen Wen-Jia , Wu Bing-Xuan , Chen Wen-Tian , Wu Hua-Tao
Published: December 2024

Flipped classroom (FC) is considered a student-centered teaching method that improves internal active learning of students and their acquisition of knowledge and skills. Among many medical majors, physiology is quite important as a bridge between basic and clinical principles. However, the complex and abstract nature of physiology causes learning stress to students. As the use of FC is widespread across various majors and principles with beneficial effects, analyzing its application in physiology is important to comprehensively evaluate its effectiveness and advantages, as well as disadvantages, and to improve the specific procedures of FC conduction. This article reviews the research on FC utilization in physiology education and summarizes its effectiveness and feedback from both educators and learners, serving as a guideline to facilitate and promote the development of FC in physiology education.
Pheochromocytoma: an updated scoping review from clinical presentation to management and treatment
Authors: Saavedra T. J. S. , Nati-Castillo Humberto Alejandro , Valderrama Cometa L. A. , Rivera-Martínez Wilfredo A. , Asprilla Josué , Castaño-Giraldo C. M. , Sánchez S. Leonardo , Heredia-Espín Mishell , Arias-Intriago Marlon , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S.
Published: December 2024

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from chromaffin cells, with 80–85% originating in the adrenal medulla and 15–20% from extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues (paragangliomas). Approximately 30–40% of PPGLs have a hereditary component, making them one of the most genetically predisposed tumor types. Recent advances in genetic research have classified PPGLs into three molecular clusters: pseudohypoxia-related, kinase-signaling, and WNT-signaling pathway variants. Specifically, the detection of SDHB-related tumors indicates an increased risk of metastatic disease, which may impact decisions regarding functional imaging in patients with high suspicion of metastasis and influence targeted treatment strategies. Diagnosis of PPGLs primarily relies on biochemical testing, measuring catecholamines or their metabolites in plasma or urine. However, molecular testing, functional imaging, and targeted therapies have greatly enhanced diagnostic precision and management. Personalized treatment approaches based on genetic profiling are becoming integral to the clinical management of these tumors. In South American countries like Colombia, functional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with tracers like 18F-DOPA, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), and 68Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin receptor-targeting peptides (68Ga-DOTA-SST) are used to guide follow-up and treatment strategies. Radionuclide therapy with lutetium-177 DOTATATE is employed for patients showing uptake in 68Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT scans, while access to 131-MIBG therapy remains limited due to high costs and availability. Recent clinical trials have shown promise for systemic therapies such as sunitinib and cabozantinib, offering potential new options for patients with slow or moderate progression of PPGLs. These advancements underscore the potential of personalized and targeted therapies to improve outcomes in this challenging patient population.
Association of circulating adiponectin and leptin levels with the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Chen Zongcun , Fu Shasha , Lai Shuchang , Fu Maoxiong , Du Guankui
Published: December 2024

Background

Adipokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications due to their roles in metabolic regulation and inflammation. However, the relationship between these adipokines and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains unclear.

Methods

A case-control study was performed with 198 patients with DPN and 205 T2DM patients without DPN from the Endocrinology Department at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. Circulating adiponectin and leptin levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and diabetes duration, were applied to evaluate the associations between adiponectin and leptin levels and DPN risk.

Results

DPN patients exhibited lower adiponectin (P=0.001) and higher leptin (P=0.007) levels than diabetic controls. Confounders-adjusted analyses revealed that higher adiponectin levels correlated with reduced DPN risk (OR, tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30-0.90), whereas elevated leptin levels were linked to increased DPN risk (OR, tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.10-3.32). Stratified analyses confirmed consistent findings across subgroups without statistically significant interactions.

Conclusions

Circulating adiponectin and leptin levels correlate with DPN risk in diabetic patients, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for high-risk DPN identification and guiding targeted prevention and management.
Predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using a multimodal radiomics and deep learning model
Authors: Guo Fuyu , Sun Shiwei , Deng Xiaoqian , Wang Yue , Yao Wei , Yue Peng , Wu Shaoduo , Yan Junrong , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Yangang
Published: December 2024

Objective

To explore the value of combined radiomics and deep learning models using different machine learning algorithms based on mammography (MG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in breast cancer (BC). The objective is to provide guidance for developing scientifically individualized treatment plans, assessing prognosis, and planning preoperative interventions.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and imaging data from 270 patients with BC confirmed by surgical pathology at the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between November 2022 and April 2024. Multiple sequence images from MG and MRI were selected, and regions of interest in the lesions were delineated. Radiomics and deep learning (3D-Resnet18) features were extracted and fused. The samples were randomly divided into training and test sets in a 7:3 ratio. Dimensionality reduction and feature selection were performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, and other methods. Various machine learning algorithms were used to construct radiomics, deep learning, and combined models. These models were visualized and evaluated for performance using receiver operating characteristic curves, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curves.

Results

The highest AUCs in the test set were achieved using radiomics-logistic regression (AUC = 0.759), deep learning-multilayer perceptron (MLP) (AUC = 0.712), and combined-MLP models (AUC = 0.846). The MLP model demonstrated strong classification performance, with the combined model (AUC = 0.846) outperforming both the radiomics (AUC = 0.756) and deep learning (AUC = 0.712) models.

Conclusion

The multimodal radiomics and deep learning models developed in this study, incorporating various machine learning algorithms, offer significant value for the preoperative prediction of ALNM in BC.
Case report: Two cases of pyloric adenomas with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia at distinct locations
Authors: Li Yuetian , Chen Shuai , Zhao Xuechun , Wang Quanyi
Published: December 2024

The rare gastrointestinal tract epithelial polyp known as a pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) is more common in elderly women and uncommon in the duodenum. There are reports of two PGA cases involving high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. A 75-year-old man was admitted to the hospital as Patient 1 due to “epigastric distension and pain for more than 10 days”. The mucous membrane around the stomach fundus and body was thin, and an electron gastroscopy revealed a large, thick protrusion in the stomach fundus that measured about 6 cm in circumference. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and stomach pyloric adenoma are the pathological diagnoses. An outside hospital provided consultation for Patient 2, a 68-year-old male. Pyloric adenoma at duodenal bulb with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is the pathological diagnosis. The single layer of cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells with rounded nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm was surrounded by densely packed glands with sporadic cystic dilatation that made up the tumor tissue. The diagnosis of PGA required the immunohistochemical labeling of MUC6. In both cases, simple surgical resection was carried out, and followed up for half a year, no recurrence.
Application and interpretation of core elements of the 2015 NMOSD diagnostic criteria in routine clinical practice
Authors: Carnero Contentti Edgar , Rojas Juan I. , Alonso Ricardo , Yeaman Michael R. , Weinshenker Brian G.
Published: December 2024

Background

We evaluated comprehension and application of the 2015 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) criteria core elements by neurologists in Latin America (LATAM) who routinely diagnose and care for NMOSD patients by (i) identifying typical/suggestive NMOSD syndromes, (ii) detecting typical MRI NMOSD lesions and meeting MRI dissemination in space (DIS) criteria, and (iii) evaluating historical symptoms suggestive of NMOSD.

Methods

We conducted an anonymous, voluntary, self-administered web- and case-based survey cross-sectional study from October 2023 to January 2024 of neurologists identified through the LACTRIMS database. Questions were presented first through iterative clinical cases or imaging, followed by questions directly evaluating comprehension of definitions. “Correct” responses were based on the 2015 criteria and adjudicated by the consensus of the experts leading the project.

Results

A total of 106 neurologists (60.3% female; mean age: 46.6 ± 12.5 years) were included. Between 10.4% and 49.1% of neurologists inaccurately identified clinical or paraclinical aspects for DIS and 32.1% accurately identified the three non-cardinal (brainstem, diencephalic, and cerebral) syndromes for seronegative patients. Between 35.8% and 64.1% of neurologists identified the “optimal timing” of AQP4-IgG testing (e.g., during an attack or before receiving immunosuppressant treatments, among others); 56.6% considered live cell-based assay as the gold standard method for serological testing. Most neurologists accurately identified typical NMOSD MRI lesions, but periventricular, juxtacortical/cortical, fluffy infratentorial, corticospinal tract, and hypothalamic lesions were frequently misidentified.

Conclusion

Clinical scenarios were identified where the 2015 NMOSD criteria were susceptible to misinterpretation and misapplication by expert neurologists in LATAM. Implementing collaborative educational initiatives could improve NMOSD diagnosis and raise patient care standards.
Postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy for pathological stage II–IVa esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery does not improve disease-free recurrence rates
Authors: Xie Xihao , Zhang Hai , He Haiquan , Wu Bomeng , Chen Ying , Lin Wanli , Feng Qingyi , Chen Qunqing
Published: December 2024

Background/objectives

Postoperative adjuvant therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) primarily includes chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. The survival benefits of postoperative adjuvant therapy for R0-resected ESCC remain controversial. Immunotherapy is being gradually applied perioperatively for esophageal cancer, but the efficacy of postoperative immunotherapy in ESCC is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative immunotherapy for esophageal cancer. Toward this goal, we explored the differences between postoperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy alone.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated patients who underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer at Gaozhou People’s Hospital between January 2020 and August 2022 and received postoperative adjuvant therapy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the adjuvant treatment regimens: postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT) and postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy (aICT) groups. Data on baseline characteristics, surgical-related indicators, adverse event rates during adjuvant therapy, and 2-year postoperative follow-up were collected for both groups.

Results

A total of 76 patients were included: 36 and 40 patients in the aICT and aCT groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups. During the adjuvant treatment period, the incidence of hypothyroidism was significantly higher in the aICT group than in the aCT group (25.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.007). During the 2-year follow-up, local and recurrence rates were 17.5 and 12.5% in the aCT group and 13.9 and 5.6% in the aICT group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.489).

Conclusion

For patients with pathologically confirmed locally advanced ESCC after surgery, postoperative immunotherapy did not confer better disease-free recurrence rates compared to postoperative adjuvant therapy. Nonetheless, with research advancements, the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of ESCC is likely to expand, offering new hope for these patients.
Advances in research on the impact and mechanisms of pathogenic microorganism infections on pyroptosis
Authors: Shang Pan , Gan Mailin , Wei Ziang , Hu Shijie , Song Lei , Feng Jinkang , Chen Lei , Niu Lili , Wang Yan , Zhang Shunhua , Shen Linyuan , Zhu Li , Zhao Ye
Published: December 2024

Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the activation of gasdermin proteins, leading to the formation of pores in the cell membrane, continuous cell swelling, and eventual membrane rupture. This process results in the release of intracellular contents, including pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18, which subsequently trigger a robust inflammatory response. This process is a crucial component of the body’s innate immune response and plays a significant role in combating infections. There are four main pathways through which pathogenic microorganisms induce pyroptosis: the canonical inflammasome pathway, the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, the apoptosis-associated caspase-mediated pathway, and the granzyme-mediated pathway. This article provides a brief overview of the effects and mechanisms of pathogen infections on pyroptosis.
Animacy processing by distributed and interconnected networks in the temporal cortex of monkeys
Authors: Ichwansyah Rizal , Onda Keigo , Egawa Jun , Matsuo Takeshi , Suzuki Takafumi , Someya Toshiyuki , Hasegawa Isao , Kawasaki Keisuke
Published: December 2024

Animacy perception, the ability to discern living from non-living entities, is crucial for survival and social interaction, as it includes recognizing abstract concepts such as movement, purpose, and intentions. This process involves interpreting cues that may suggest the intentions or actions of others. It engages the temporal cortex (TC), particularly the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the adjacent region of the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), as well as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). However, it remains unclear how animacy is dynamically encoded over time in these brain areas and whether its processing is distributed or localized. In this study, we addressed these questions by employing a symbolic categorization task involving animate and inanimate objects using natural movie stimuli. Simultaneously, electrocorticography were conducted in both the TC and dmPFC. Time-frequency analysis revealed region-specific frequency representations throughout the observation of the movies. Spatial searchlight decoding analysis demonstrated that animacy processing is represented in a distributed manner. Regions encoding animacy information were found to be dispersed across the fundus and lip of the STS, as well as in the ITC. Next, we examined whether these dispersed regions form functional networks. Independent component analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of the component with the most significant animacy information corresponded with the dispersed regions identified by the spatial decoding analysis. Furthermore, Granger causality analysis indicated that these regions exhibit frequency-specific directional functional connectivity, with a general trend of causal influence from the ITC to STS across multiple frequency bands. Notably, a prominent feedback flow in the alpha band from the ITC to both the ventral bank and fundus of the STS was identified. These findings suggest a distributed and functionally interconnected neural substrate for animacy processing across the STS and ITC.
Cross-attention swin-transformer for detailed segmentation of ancient architectural color patterns
Authors: Yongyin Lv , Caixia Yu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Segmentation tasks in computer vision play a crucial role in various applications, ranging from object detection to medical imaging and cultural heritage preservation. Traditional approaches, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and standard transformer-based models, have achieved significant success; however, they often face challenges in capturing fine-grained details and maintaining efficiency across diverse datasets. These methods struggle with balancing precision and computational efficiency, especially when dealing with complex patterns and high-resolution images.

Methods

To address these limitations, we propose a novel segmentation model that integrates a hierarchical vision transformer backbone with multi-scale self-attention, cascaded attention decoding, and diffusion-based robustness enhancement. Our approach aims to capture both local details and global contexts effectively while maintaining lower computational overhead.

Results and discussion

Experiments conducted on four diverse datasets, including Ancient Architecture, MS COCO, Cityscapes, and ScanNet, demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in accuracy, recall, and computational efficiency. The results highlight the model's ability to generalize well across different tasks and provide robust segmentation, even in challenging scenarios. Our work paves the way for more efficient and precise segmentation techniques, making it valuable for applications where both detail and speed are critical.
Development and verification of a nomogram for recurrence risk of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in middle-aged and older populations
Authors: Tang Bo , Zhang Chuang , Wang Dan , Luo Minghua , He Yuqin , Xiong Yao , Yu Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

Background

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo, with frequent recurrence, particularly pronounced among middle-aged and elderly populations, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for recurrence in middle-aged and older patients with BPPV and to develop a nomogram prediction model based on these predictors.

Methods

This retrospective study included 582 participants aged ≥45 years who were selected from the electronic medical records system of the First Hospital of Changsha between March 2021 and March 2024. Randomly chosen participants (n = 407, 70%) constituted the training group, whereas the remaining participants (n = 175, 30%) formed the validation group. This study used LASSO binomial regression to select the most predictive variables. A predictor-based nomogram was developed to calculate the risk of BPPV recurrence. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves with 1,000 bootstrap resampling validations. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to assess the clinical usefulness of the nomogram.

Results

According to findings from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) binomial regression and logistic regression screening, older age, higher levels of uric acid (UA) and homocysteine (HCY), diabetes, migraine, anxiety, and insomnia were identified as independent factors associated with an increased recurrence risk of BPPV. A nomogram model for predicting recurrence risk was developed based on these predictors. The nomogram achieved an AUC (C-statistic) of 0.8974 (95% CI: 0.8603–0.9345) in the training group and 0.8829 (95% CI: 0.8253–0.9406) in the validation group. Calibration curves, after 1,000 bootstrap resamples, demonstrated good agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities in the development and validation cohorts. DCA indicated that the nomogram had clinical utility.

Conclusion

The nomogram model incorporating age, UA, HCY, diabetes, migraine, anxiety status, and insomnia demonstrated a strong predictive capability for estimating the probability of BPPV recurrence in middle-aged and elderly patients. This tool is valuable for identifying individuals at high risk of BPPV recurrence and can aid physicians in making informed treatment decisions aimed at reducing recurrence rates.