bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young MSM Population Is Changing HIV Epidemic Pattern in Northeast China: a Seven-year Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Qing-Hai , Wang Jia-Ye , Liu Si-Yu , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Tang Zi-Yan , Li Dong-Ming , Wang Fu-Xiang , Chen Xiao-Hong , Liu Shu-Lin
Published: October 2021

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in China is featured by geographical diversity of epidemic patterns. Understanding the characteristics of regional HIV epidemic allows carrying out targeted prevention and control measures. However, in some regions of Northeast China, current HIV-1 epidemic feature is largely unknown.Methods: Information of 1006 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected participants were collected before antiretroviral therapy during 2010-2016 in Harbin city of Northeast China. HIV-1 genotype was identified based on the viral gag and env genes. Comparison analyses were made among different participant groups and sampling time periods to understand HIV-1 epidemic trend. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with immune status of participants.Results: Homosexual contact among men who have sex with men (MSM) was the main transmission route and CRF01_AE was the most dominant HIV-1 genotype. Newly diagnosed cases were getting younger, which was mainly due to the continuous increase in the proportion of young cases (aged < 30 years) among CRF01_AE-infected individuals, especially the CRF01_AE-infected MSM. The proportion of cases with good immune status (CD4 count > 500 cells/μl) continued to increase, and younger in age, HIV-1 infection via homosexual contact among MSM and infection by non-CRF01_AE genotype were positive factors for the good immune outcome.Conclusions: Young MSM have become a new vulnerable group for HIV-1 transmission in Northeast China. This group is changing local HIV-1 epidemic pattern. Measures for preventing and controlling HIV-1 infection among this population are urgently needed in the future.
Immunogenomic Intertumor Heterogeneity Across Primary and Metastatic Sites in a Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Runzhe , Li Jun , Fujimoto Junya , Hu Xin , Quek Kelly , Tang Ming , Mitra Akash , Behrens Carmen , Chow Chi-Wan , Jiang Peixin , Little Latasha D. , Gumbs Curtis , Song Xingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Tan Dongfeng , Heymach John V. , Wistuba Ignacio , Futreal P. Andrew , Gibbons Don L. , Byers Lauren A. , Zhang Jianjun , Reuben Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, partially owing to its extensive heterogeneity. The analysis of intertumor heterogeneity has been limited by an inability to concurrently obtain tissue from synchronous metastases unaltered by multiple prior lines of therapy. Methods: In order to study the relationship between genomic, epigenomic and T cell repertoire heterogeneity in a rare autopsy case from a 32-year-old female never-smoker with late-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we did whole-exome sequencing (WES), DNA methylation and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to characterize the immunogenomic landscape of one primary and 19 synchronous metastatic tumors. Results: We observed heterogeneous mutation, methylation, and T cell patterns across distinct metastases including a set of prevalent T cell clonotypes which were completely excluded from left-side thoracic tumors. Though a limited number of predicted neoantigens were shared, these were associated with homology of the T cell repertoire across metastases. Lastly, ratio of methylated neoantigen coding mutations was negatively associated with T-cell density, richness and clonality, suggesting neoantigen methylation may partially drive immunosuppression. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates heterogeneous genomic and T cell profiles across synchronous metastases and how restriction of unique T cell clonotypes within an individual may differentially shape the genomic and epigenomic landscapes of synchronous lung metastases.
Effect of Heat Treatment ZA-27 Alloy On Microstructure & Damping Properties
Authors: Maree Sayed , kandil Amr A. , wasly Hamdy S.
Published: October 2021

An objective of this work, investigate effect of heat treatment on microstructure and damping behaviour of ZA-27 alloy, using dynamic mechanical analyzer. ZA-27 alloys were fabricated and solid solution treatment at 120, 240 and 360 °C for 1 hr. Microstructure and physical properties of alloy were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Results observed that microstructure of ZA27 alloy manufactured as_cast was composed of α ، β ، η and ε phases, then decomposed to β phase at 360 oC. DMA properties as: Storage modulus, Loss modulus and Damping capacity were studied both of ZA27 alloy as-cast and heat treatment at temperature range from Room Temperature to 300 oC. Results indicate that specific damping capacity and loss modulus of both as-cast and heat treatment alloy alloys decreased with increases in temperature, but storage modulus decreased with temperature.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Kaijian , Dong Yi , Deng Zhen , Zhang Wei , Shen Hongfeng
Published: October 2021

Background

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are closely related to tumors, and the functions of T cells and B cells are related to tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis. Conventional second-generation sequencing cannot distinguish the characteristics of various peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets, so it is impossible to study PBMCs accurately. Recently, single-cell sequencing technology has improved, and it provides a tool to study immune cells in circulating blood.
Methods

PBMCs from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were sequenced to explore the characteristics of PBMC subsets in patients with renal cell carcinoma, mainly B cells and Treg cells, to study the relationship between renal cell carcinoma and peripheral blood immune cells.
Results

our PBMC study of RCC patients successfully separated several types of immune cells from the blood. PBMCs can map the tumor to a certain extent.
Conclusions

We can expand the samples based on the current research, and further research will discover more meaningful information related to cancer.
Chlorogenic Acid Alleviated Liver Dysfunction Through Activating PINK1/Parkin Dependent Mitophagy
Authors: Hu Bang-yan , Li Jin , Gong Dao-yin , Dai Yuan , Wan Li-hong , Xu Shijun
Published: October 2021

Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects. It could improve mitochondrial dysfunction that was a key feature of acetaminophen (APAP) -induced liver injury. This study aimed to identify whether promoting mitophagy was associated with the hepatocyte protection for CGA.Methods: Acute hepatic injury model was induced by APAP in mice after CGA administration for 14 days. Survival rate was recoded within 24h of modeling. Serum aminotransferase, hepatic histopathology and TUNEL assays were simultaneously performed. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and mitophagy-related genes and proteins (LC3Ⅱ, P62, PINK1 and Parkin) were analyzed. The fluorescence co-localization of LC3Ⅱ and Tom20 was analyzed with immunofluorescence.Results: Compared with APAP group, CGA pretreatment significantly increased survival rate of APAP-induced mice, inhibited the activity of ALT, AST and LDH in serum, and alleviated pathological features of liver such as inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of liver cells and vacuolation (p<0.05). Moreover, our data from the TUNEL and western blotting analysis showed that CGA significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells and reversed the elevated Bax level and decreased Bcl-2 level(p<0.05). Furthermore, we found that CGA promoted the fluorescence co-localization of LC3Ⅱ and Tom20 and enhanced the protein expression of LC3Ⅱ (p<0.05). Finally, CGA significantly promoted mitophagy by exhibiting the increased gene and protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that CGA promoted PINK1/Parkin dependent mitophagy and inhibited hepatic apoptosis to exert protection against liver damage in APAP-induced mice.
MEK1/2 Inhibitors Induce Class 1 Alcoholic Dehydrogenase (ADH1) Expression by Regulating Farnesoid X Receptor
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Yang Yanfang , Chen Yuanli , Duan Yajun , Han Jihong , Yang Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2021

Background: Alcohol is mainly catabolized by class 1 alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) in liver. ADH deficiency can aggravate ethanol-induced tissue injury. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) is involved in alcohol metabolism. However, the relationship between ERK1/2 and ADH1 remains unclear. Methods and Results: To inhibit ERK1/2, HepG2 and BNL cells were treated with mitogen-activated protein kinases 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors (U0126 and PD98059), and C57BL/6J mice were fed U0126. After treatment, the protein and mRNA expression of ADH1 were determined by Western blot and quantitative real time-PCR. The activity of ADH1 promoter was detected using luciferase assay. The results showed MEK1/2 inhibitors significantly increased ADH1 protein expression by inducing its transcription activity. Then we found a putative farnesoid X receptor (FXR) response element (FXRE) sequence in ADH1 promoter by completing a sequence alignment analysis. To test whether FXR mediates the induction of MEK1/2 inhibitors on ADH1, HepG2 cells were transfected with FXR siRNA or ADH1 promoters with FXRE mutation. We found both FXR siRNA and FXRE mutation in ADH1 promoter abolished MEK1/2 inhibitors-induced ADH1 expression, indicating the activation of MEK1/2 inhibitors on ADH1 depends on FXR.Conclusions: Our findings revealed inhibition of ERK1/2 can significantly increase ADH1 expression, indicating MEK1/2 inhibitors may possess potential application in alcohol-related diseases.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Ocular Ischemic Syndrome in Patients with Complete Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Hao Xiaofeng , Wang Chen , Xie Like
Published: October 2021

Purpose Ocular ischemic syndrome could lead to irreversible blindness and death. To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for ocular ischemic syndrome in patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion.Methods This retrospective study included 55 patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion from January 2016 to January 2021 in our hospital. Ophthalmic evaluations and blood test results were recorded.Results Thirty-four (61.8%) eyes with homolateral complete internal carotid artery occlusion were diagnosed with ocular ischemic syndrome. Among the 34 first-visit cases in the Department of Ophthalmology, 32 were misdiagnosed with other ocular diseases. A lower D-dimer level (odds ratio = 0.007, 95% confidence interval: 0.000-0.182) was associated with the presence of ocular ischemic syndrome in patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion.Conclusions Ophthalmologists should pay close attention to patients with complete internal carotid artery occlusion and suspected or confirmed ocular ischemic syndrome, especially those with lower D-dimer levels.
Cinnamyl alcohol: host-recognizing kairomone of the flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa
Authors: Yang Chang Yeol , Seo Mi Hye , Yoon Jung Beom
Published: October 2021

Flower-inhabiting thrips find hosts using olfactory and visual cues. In this study, we report the identification of a plant-produced kairomone of the flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), an important agricultural pest in northeast Asia. GC-MS analysis of solid-phase microextraction samples from blueberry flowers, Vaccinium corymbosum L., that mediate the attraction of adult F. intonsa revealed that the major component was cinnamyl alcohol, followed by cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, germacrene D, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, and benzyl benzoate. The biological activity of the floral compounds was investigated using commercial cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, β-caryophyllene, cinnamyl acetate, and benzyl benzoate in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fields. Significantly more F. intonsa males and females were caught in red delta traps with cinnamyl alcohol than in all other traps. Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate attracted adult F. intonsa but were not as attractive as cinnamyl alcohol. β-Caryophyllene and benzyl benzoate were not attractive. Furthermore, the addition of four minor components to cinnamyl alcohol did not result in increased trap catches relative to cinnamyl alcohol alone, indicating that cinnamyl alcohol is responsible for attracting adult F. intonsa toward blueberry flowers. Therefore, this phenylpropanoid could be used as a selective, effective lure for monitoring and controlling F. intonsa.
High KLK7 Expression Predicts Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yao Rucheng , Li Yunjie , Cheng Dawei , Zhou Pei , Li Xiaosong , Yao Kecheng , Hu Jun , Zheng Jun
Published: October 2021

Background Studies have shown that kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is abnormally expressed in a various of tumours and plays a crucial role in tumour progression. The expression level and clinical significance of KLK7 in pancreatic cancer are still unclear. In this research, by detecting the expression of KLK7 in pancreatic cancer tissues and analyzing its relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as explore its clinical value in pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe compared the expression of KLK7 in public databases (TCGA and GTEx) between tumour tissues and normal pancreatic tissues. We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of KLK7 in 243 cases of PDAC tissues. For cancer patient data, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox risk model were using to analyzed the correlation between the KLK7 expression and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. ResultsIn the TCGA and GTEx data sets, the expression of KLK7 in normal pancreatic tissue was obviously lower than in pancreatic cancer tissue (P<0.05). In the TCGA database data sets, the survival time of KLK7 high expression group was obviously lower than the low expression group (P<0.05). In the TCGA data set, we found that the expression of KLK7 can be using as an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer patients (HR=1.32, 95% CI=1.118~1.559, P=0.001). Among 243 patients with clinical pancreatic cancer, the positive expression rate of KLK7 in pancreatic tumour tissue was obviously higher than in adjacent pancreatic tissue (P<0.001). The time to live of PDAC patients with high KLK7 expression is obviously lower than patients with common KLK7 expression (P<0.05). KLK7 expression, low tumour differentiation, nodal metastasis and vessel invasion were independently associated with poor overall survival (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe expression of KLK7 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma increased obviously, and it is directly related to the poor prognosis of patients after radical resection of pancreatic cancer. The expression of KLK7 may used as a predictor of long-term prognosis after radical resection of pancreatic cancer.
Spatial Variation of Tropospheric NO2 Concentration During First Wave CoVID-19 Induced Lockdown Estimated From Sentinel-5 Precursor
Authors: Tripathi Jayant N , Singh Anil Kumar , Dey Chandan , Mukherjee Saumitra
Published: October 2021

CoVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to shut down their industries as most of these countries observed complete state-wide lockdown during the first wave of this contagious virus. Factories and vehicles on the road are a major source of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is also one of the major air pollutants. The emission of NO₂ is considered as a good indicator of prevalant global economic activities as its predominant corollary affairs typically involve industrial oprtaions and these emissions are evidently visible from space. Sentinel-5 Precursor (launched in July 2018), equipped with spectrometer Tropomoi (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument), is a low-earth-orbit atmosphere mission satellite dedicated towards monitoring air pollution sensing remotely. This study is focused primarily on, estimation and variation of NO2 emission over different parts of the world, before and during the first wave of CoVID-19 epidemic (07 weeks duration). It is found that in most of the countries during the lockdown period (7 weeks), air quality was cleaner by about 40 to 50 % over the last year, mainly due to the shutdown of industry and traffic activities. The technology is quite promising and provides a tool to access if a country or place followed complete lockdown.
Left Atrial Reservoir Longitudinal Strain is a Resting Marker of Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sun Pengtao , Cen Huan , Chen Sinan , Chen Xiankun , Jiang Wei , Zhu Huiying , Liu Yuexia , Liu Hongmei , Lu Weihui
Published: October 2021

Background: Left atrial (LA) function is an important parameter for assessing left ventricular performance. This study investigated the relationship between LA function as determined by strain analysis and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A total of 51 patients with CHF were prospectively recruited from the Baduanjin-eight-silken-movement With Self-efficacy Building for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure study. Resting echocardiographic parameters including the ratio of transmitral E velocity to tissue Doppler mitral annulus e′ velocity (E/e′), minimum left atrial volume index (LAVI min ), maximum left atrial volume index (LAVI max ), and left atrial empty fraction (LAEF) as well as global phasic longitudinal strain (reservoir strain [LALSr], conduit strain [LALScd], and contractile strain [LALSct]) were measured and compared with maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) in terms of performance in predicting reduced exercise capacity. Results: Mean age of study patients was 60.18 ± 10.41 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 32.8 ± 14.2%, and mean VO 2max was 17.02 ± 4.64 mL/kg/min. Eleven (21.57%) patients were women, and 32 (62.75%) had coranary heart disease. Univariate linear regression analysis identified age and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide level as independent clinical parameters associated with VO 2max (both P<0.05); independent resting echocardiographic parameters included LALSRr (P<0.001); average late diastolic velocity of septal and lateral wall annulus, LAVI max , LAVI min , LALSRr, LALSRct, and LAEF (all P<0.01); and E and E/e′ (both P<0.05). The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed 4 independent clinical predictors of VO 2max including (β = 0.351; P = 0.007), age (β = -0.271; P = 0.027), body mass index (β = -0.260; P = 0.032) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (β = -0.257; P = 0.041). Conclusions: LALSr is a marker of decreased LA compliance and an independent correlate of VO 2max with high diagnostic value in patients with CHF. Thus, LALSr can be used for risk stratification of CHF patients with reduced exercise capacity and poor cardiovascular outcome. Trial registration: NCT03180320 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered 8 June 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03180320?term=Baduanjin-eight-silken-movement&draw=2&rank=1.
Folic Acid-modified Lysozyme-protected Gold Nanoclusters as Anti-inflammatory Nanomedicine for Gout Flares
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Zhuang Pengfei , Wen Shan , Ge Minghao , Zhou Zipeng , Li Dan , Liu Chang , Mei Xifan
Published: October 2021

BackgroundGout normally occurs when excess urate crystals accumulate in the joints that induce inflammation. The inflammations further result in gout flares, causing serious pain. Some anti-inflammatory drugs can relieve pain, but they have significantly toxic and side effects. Nanomedicines offer opportunities to reduce various side effects but are mostly based on the delivery of additional organic drugs, which adds complexity and may cause other health problems including the bioaccumulation risk. We developed folic acid (FA)-modified lysozyme (Lys)-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) (i. e., FLA) by a one-pot method, and FLA is developed as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of acute attacks of gout flares at high monosodium urate (MSU) levels. MethodsThe morphological changes of the cells caused by FLA were studied by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting was conducted to understand the inflammation factors. AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking of FLA to evaluate the binding mode of the ligand and the interaction in the active site.ResultsThis nanomedicine significantly reduced the inflammation of gout flares. In addition, the oxidative stress level was found to decrease to normal values by FLA based on the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By injecting FLA into the gout rat model, inflammation was remarkably reduced during gout attacks, and cartilage destruction was significantly relieved. The biosafety of this nanomedicine is confirmed by insignificant cytotoxicity and no bioaccumulation-induced organ change.ConclusionCompared with traditional nano-delivery systems, this organic drug-free nanomedicine exhibits exciting therapeutic efficiency against gout flares, which will have considerable prospects in the clinic.
Where to place emergency ambulance vehicles? Using a capacitated maximum covering location model with real call data
Authors: Hashtarkhani Soheil , Yin Ping , Kiani Behzad , Mohammadi Alireza , MohammadEbrahimi Shahab , Tara Mahmood , Matthews Stephen A.
Published: October 2021

Background: Timeliness of emergency medical services (EMS) is critical for patient survival. Identifying optimal locations for ambulance vehicles could increase the chance of timely service delivery. This study incorporates Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with a mathematical optimization technique to improve the 5-minute coverage of EMS demands. Methods: This study was conducted in the county of Mashhad, the northeast of Iran, including 94 ambulance vehicles distributed across 74 EMS stations. Locations of demands were extracted using analysis of one-year EMS call data. Network analysis was employed to estimate the travel times. A maximal covering location problem (MCLP) model with a capacity threshold for vehicles was implemented using the CPLEX optimizer. To make the proposed model more practical in the context of EMS, we added a constraint to the model formulation to maintain an acceptable service level for all EMS calls. Two scenarios were implemented: (1) a relocation model of existing vehicles among existing stations and (2) an optimal allocation model of EMS vehicles and stations using a list of candidate locations.Results: Using the relocation model, the proportion of calls for service within the 5-minute coverage standard increased from 69% to 75%, ensuring all urban and rural service demands to be reached within 16 and 48 minutes, respectively. Our allocation model revealed that the coverage proportion could rise to 84% of the total call for service by adding ten vehicles and eight new stations.Conclusions: Incorporating GIS techniques with optimization modeling has the potential to improve population health outcomes in real-world decision making regarding the accessibility and equity of health resource allocation including EMS services.
Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Hypoxia-Induced Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes On Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Fu Yan , Gu Zhao-Hui , Zhang Yue-Ling , Wen Xiao-Ying , Yang Na
Published: October 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a highly specific condition affecting the microvasculature that is the leading cause of visual impairment in working-age people in developed countries. The ability of intravitreal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair the retinal vasculature and neurons of the inner retina in DR has been explored. It was recently revealed that exosomes are primarily responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSCs; therefore, intravitreal injection of these vesicles appears to be a better option for treatment of retinal injury, and there is evidence that hypoxic conditions can promote exosome release from MSCs. Here we investigated the effect of intravitreal injection of hypoxia-induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hypo-hucMSC-Exs) on the retinal microvasculature in rats with DR. We also assessed whether hypo-hucMSC-Exs exhibited greater effects on DR than exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells not exposed to hypoxia (hucMSC-Exs). Exosomes were isolated from MSCs cultured under normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions. Transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot analyses were applied to characterize hucMSC-Exs. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used as a model for DR. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was conducted to evaluate retinal microvasculature changes in vivo at 4, 8, and 12 weeks following intravitreal injection of exosomes. No significant changes were observed in the control rats without DR receiving intravitreal phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection throughout the study. Control model rats receiving PBS injections developed DR characterized by retinal microvascular changes, including tortuous vessels, massive microaneurysms, and late leakage of fluorescein dye was, which were visualized using FFA. These changes were ameliorated in diabetic rats treated with hucMSC-Exs. Further, injection of hypo-hucMSC-Exs remarkably reduced the extent of microvasculature lesions compared with hucMSC-Exs. These findings suggest that intravitreal injection of hucMSC-Exs can prevent diabetes-induced microvasculature lesions and that hypo-hucMSC-Exs can enhance this effect and have potential for application in DR prevention and treatment.
Fatty acids in oomycetes
Authors:   , Buch Ann-Katrin
Published: October 2021

The dissertation is about fatty acids in oomycetes, the abundance, the de novo synthesis as well as the characteriation of enzymes involved.
Effekt von Mycophenolat-Mofetil (CellCept®) auf die Zytokin-Sekretion und NO-Ausschüttung aus mit Lipopolysaccharid (LPS) stimulierte Astrozytenkultur
Authors:   , Schnack Melek
Published: October 2021

Mycophenolate-Mofetil (MMF) clinically used as CellCept is inserted as immunosuppressive xenobiotic drug for preventing transplantate rejection. It is well known that MMF works selectively through inhibiting the IMPDH which is an essential enzyme in the de novo pathway for biosynthesis of guanosine Nukleotides. In this study, we investigated the effects of MMF on the astrocytes, because astrocytes are important glial cells of the CNS with various functions in the healthy tissue, such as being involved in the neuronal differentiation, axonal growth and regulation of the environmental composition. They also build up the scared tissue during acute CNS lesions by releasing neurotoxic substances such as NO and different inflammatory Zytokines, e.g. IL-1ß and TNF-a, which even influence the microglial cell proliferation, migration and activity. Therefore, astrocytes are impressingly involved in the extent of the neuronal damage. Our observations revealed an influence of astrocytic proliferation dependent on the concentration of the serum (10%, 5%, 2%, 1% and serum free medium) used for the in vitro cultivation: the more the serum part in the medium the more the extent of the cell proliferation. The proliferation of astrocytes cultured in serum free medium can be increased by Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) 10µM and Guanosine application. Dose-dependent MMF led to a suppression of the astrocytic proliferation which is antagonisable with Guanosine only. The number of the isolated proliferating astrocytes labeled by BrdU was significantly reduced after simultaneous treatment with serum (10% or 1%) and dose-dependent MMF (10µg/ ml, 1µg/ ml and 0,1µg/ ml) application, whereas LPS showed no effect on the proliferating rate. But, as measured by ELISA, with LPS conditioned medium contained relevant amounts of TNF-a and NO, but surprisingly not of IL-1ß. There were a significant reduction of cytokine and NO amounts determined in the astrocytic conditioned medium treated only with MMF dependent of the concentration (10µg/ml, 1µg/ml and 0,1µg/ml). Even the simultaneous treatment with LPS and MMF revealed compared to the LPS stimulated astrocytic group a measurable significant decrease of TNF-a. The treatment of the astrocytic cultures with guanosine lifted up the effects of MMF on TNF-a secretion. Therefore, we conclude, that the immunosuppressive drug MMF might have a neuroprotective and scar formation modulating effect through the antiproliferative potency on astrocytic cells and modulating character of the microenvironment by influencing the TNF-a secretion. Moreover, these regulatory effect on microglial cells are described as suppression (Hailer NP,Wirjatijana F,Roser N,Hirschebeth GT,Korf HW,Dehghani F,2001).
Ce-Mn-TiO2/Kordiyerit Katalizörünün SCR Aktivitesine Ca İçerikli Küllerin Etkisi
Authors: KESKİN Ali
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada seryum (Ce), mangan (Mn) ve titanyum dioksit (TiO2) elementlerini içeren katalizörün Ca içerikli küllerin varlığında azot oksitlerin (NOx) seçici katalitik indirgenmesine (SCR) etkisi araştırılmıştır. Katalizör üretiminde destek materyal olarak kordiyerit kullanılmış olup katalizör sentezinden önce yüzey alanının arttırılması amacıyla %50’lik okzalik asit çözeltisiyle muamele edilmiştir. Daldırma yöntemiyle üretilen katalizörün yüzey özellikleri BET, SEM ve XRD analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Sentezlenen katalizörün BET yüzey alanının 30,38 m2/g olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ca-Ce-Mn-TiO2/Kordiyerit katalizörünün aktivitesi 200 ile 280 °C sıcaklık aralığında, 1 kW, 2kW ve 3 kW motor yüklerinde araştırılmıştır. Katalitik aktivitenin sıcaklık artışına bağlı olarak arttığı, motor yükü artışına bağlı olarak azaldığı belirlenmiştir. 280 °C sıcaklıkta ve 3 kW motor yükünde elde edilen en yüksek NOx dönüşüm oranının %82,2 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağı ile Birleştirilen AISI 316 Paslanmaz Çelik ve Karbonlu Çelik Çiftlerinin Mekanik Özelliklerinin ve Mikroyapılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ALNAK Yeliz , ÖZER Ali , SAVAŞ Vedat
Published: October 2021

Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı, belirli bir hızda dönen bir pimin metaller arasında sürtünmesiyle oluşan ısıyı kullanarak, benzer veya benzer olmayan malzemeleri katı halde kaynaklamak için kullanılan bir katı hal kaynak tekniğidir. Kaynak, kaynak yapılacak malzemelerden daha sert olan ve tükenmeyen bir pim ile yapılır. Bu çalışmada AISI 316 östenitik paslanmaz çelik ve sade karbonlu çelikler sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ile birleştirilmiştir. Birleştirilen çelik plakalar 3 mm kalınlığa, 60 mm genişliğe ve 120 mm uzunluğa sahiptir. Deneylerde omuz çapı 16 mm, pim uzunluğu 2,7 mm olan eşkenar üçgen profilli tungsten karbür uç kullanılmıştır. Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı 710 dev/dak devir sayısı ve 63 mm/dak ilerleme hızında ve takıma 1,5° açı verilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kaynaklı bölgelerinin mikroyapı ve mekanik

özellikleri incelenerek, en uyumlu kaynak çiftinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan mekanik testlerin ve mikroyapı analizlerinin sonuçlarından, en uyumlu kaynak çiftinin AISI 316-AISI 1010 olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Mekanik testlerde AISI 316-AISI 1010 çelik çiftinin 618,81 MPa çekme değeri ile diğer kaynak çiftlerinden daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Mikroyapıları incelendiğinde tane boyutunun malzemenin mukavemetini büyük ölçüde etkilediği, özellikle büyük tanelerin görüldüğü yerlerde malzemenin mukavemetinin düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir.
LINGUISTIC AND PHRASEOLOGICAL PICTURE OF THE WORLD WITH A COLOR DESIGNATION COMPONENT IN MEDICINE
Authors:   Astrakhan State Medical University, ELVIRA M. BAYDASHEVA
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the linguistic and phraseological picture with the component of color designation in medicine. The problems of the relationship between language and thinking, language and worldview are eternal problems of linguistics. The concepts of linguistic and phraseological pictures of the world with a color component are studied. It is revealed that phraseological units perform the function of symbols, standards, and cultural stereotypes. Consequently, the concepts of linguistic and phraseological pictures of the world with a color component are considered. It is revealed that phraseological units perform the function of symbols, standards, and cultural stereotypes. Therefore, in our study, the connection of phraseology with culture is carried out through the cultural connotation of color and its meaning. It is proved that phraseological units have covered many areas of human life. Medicine also has not done without this phenomenon and often there are phraseological units with a component of color designation in clinical terminology. It is revealed that the knowledge of figurative professional medical phraseological units is one of the integral directions of the formation of professional qualities of the future medical specialist, contributes to the development of speech culture, as well as enriching the out-look. The presented medical phraseological units, despite their figurative nature, reflect the exact clinical signs of diseases and syndromes.
NON-VERBAL AND MIXED SIGNS IN THE LINGUASEMIOTIC SPACE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, OKSANA A. EVTUSHENKO , OLGA A. SHESTAKOVA ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: October 2021

His article analyses non-verbal and mixed signs as important elements of the linguasemiotic space of the institutional discourse (pedagogical in particular) on the example of Volgograd educational institutions. The article elicits that the semiotic space of the educational institutions under analysis is rich in all kinds of signs which reflect the institutional nature of the educational institutions emphasizing the participants’ of the pedagogical discourse social statuses. The linguistic analysis is applied to non-verbal signs (paralinguistic signs, iconic signs, symbolic signs, coloronyms, symbolic artifacts) as well as to mixed ones. A mixed sign is a combination of verbal and non-verbal components (coat of arms, anthem, ritual). According to the results of the research it is stated that the linguasemiotic space of VSMU, VolSU, VolSAU, VSPEA, VSAPE and Volgograd conservatory is more developed then the linguasemiotic space of VSTU, VSSPU and VSIAC.
POLYVALENT CONSTANTS IN POETIC TRANSLATION
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, MARINA I. SVESHNIKOVA
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the problems of preserving information in the translation of a poetic text. The translator must convey to the recipient the information that was presented by the author in the text. Poetic translation should be considered as a phenomenon of inter-linguocultural communication. The main translation constants have an universal character. They are polyvalent and represent three categories of invariants that must be reproduced in translation: conceptual information, factual information, and aesthetic information. In the structure of a poetic text, its constituent elements are correlated not only linearly, horizontally, as in an ordinary utterance, but also vertically, and it requires a thorough preliminary analysis of the original text. In addition, the saturation of the poetic text with various stylistic means, author's neologisms, language and cultural realities is very high. The transfer of invariants to another language and their correlation in the translation text are demonstrated by the example of translations of I. Bunin's poems.
A PERSON IN THE WORLD BY THE INGUSH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Ingush State University, MILANA T. KHAMKHOEVA
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the linguistic means of objectifying the concept of "man", examines the semantic features of its application in the Ingush language. The research was carried out on the material of the main corpus of the Ingush language paremias collected in the tenth volume of the Anthology of Ingush Folklore. The author comes to the following conclusion: Ingush proverbs and sayings as constants of the linguistic picture of the Ingush world reveal a mental originality that has absorbed the worldview of the ethnos.
SOCIAL UTOPIA AS A NEW GENRE OF LITERATURE IN CHINA IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of World Literature, NATALYA V. ZAKHAROVA
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the genre system in Chinese literature in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The purpose of the study is to trace the transformation of the creative manner of the writers of the period under study. Subject - novels of the famous Chinese writers, not translated into Russian. The comparative-historical method was used to analyze the subject matter and stylistics of the works of narrative genres. The article concludes that at the beginning of the twentieth century, Chinese writers used new genre forms - the socially utopian novel and stories. In their writings, Chinese writers reflected the current problems of the life of the country. The traditional genre of the novel underwent changes: the number of chapters and acting characters was reduced, and a patriotic theme emerged. Social prose was not highly artistic, but it paved the way for the birth of modern Chinese literature. The results of the study fill a gap in the history of China in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF A THREE-DAY VOTING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2020
Authors:   Russian Political Science Association, EKATERINA P. MARMILOVA
Published: October 2021

On July 21, 2020, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted amendments to the electoral legis-lation on three-day voting in elections in Russia. In the article, the author conducts an expert assessment of experts on the introduction of a three-day voting in the Russian Federation using the content analysis of the official media. The author of the article identifies four groups of experts with different opinions on the introduction of a three-day voting in the Russian Federation. The first group of experts has a positive attitude to the conduct of the three-day voting in the Russian Federation, the second group of experts highlights the positive aspects and separately notes the points that should be finalized in the electoral legislation, the third group of experts has a negative attitude to the conduct of the three-day voting, the fourth group of experts sums up the first results from the introduction of the three-day voting. We also note that voting within three days: 1) can be used to increase voter turnout; 2) provides additional time for the motivation of the voter to materialize in real votes for a candidate or party; 3) gives the opportunity to take part in elections to voters who work on election day, or for any other reason, cannot take part in voting on election day; 4) lowers the level of public control over the conduct of the electoral process; 5) this type of voting should be supplemented by mechanisms of public control.
PRINTING BUSINESS IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE KALMYK PEOPLE OF THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, IRINA V. LIDZHIEVA
Published: October 2021

The relevance of this article is dictated by the increased interest in regional history and the role of bureaucracy in the process of integration of national suburbs into the general imperial space. The aim of the study is the issue of printing business formation in the Kalmyk steppe of the early XX century in the context of the activities of the head of the Kalmyk people S. A. Kozin. By using the historical and genetic method, as well as using the experience of previous researchers based on the study of the records of the Administration of the Kalmyk people, it was possible to trace the process of formation of the printing business in the government system, initiated by the imperial official. Biographical method, based on the analysis of the record of service and the certificate of service of S. A. Kozin allowed us to study the personality of the person who contributed to the development of the Kalmyk steppe. Special attention is paid to the printed edition of the Administration of the Kalmyk People. In conclusion, the author draws the inference that the fact of opening the printing house indicates not only the technological backwardness of the region, but at the same time the increased needs of both the governing bodies of the Kalmyk steppe, and the autochthonous population directly involved in the general imperial space.
RUSSIAN CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT IN THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, NIKITA A. ANANYEV
Published: October 2021

The article describes the Russian conservative movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, represented by various political parties and organizations. The author analyzes the conservative political movement in Russia and characterizes its internal structure: the main political organizations, leaders, social base, their representation in government bodies (primarily in the State Duma). The author notes, that the conservative movement was formed as a natural reaction to the strengthening of oppositional (liberal and socialist, revolutionary) sentiments in the society. According to the author, conservative circles in Russia can be roughly divided into three categories: extreme right, right and moderate right (nationalists). Between them, there were both ideological similarities and disagreements that hindered the coordination of joint activities. The author concludes that the conservative movement in terms of the degree of support was the most powerful in Russia in the period 1900-1917, however, internal fragmentation and contradictory relations with the state power became weakening factors that did not allow Russian conservatives to use all the opportunities and resources to fight against revolutionary circles. The object of the research is the conservative movement in the Russian Empire, the subject is the conservative parties and organizations, their basic ideological principles and the electorate.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF VOITING VIA THE INTERNET AT ALL LEVELS OF ELECTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2020
Authors:   Russian Political Science Association, EKATERINA P. MARMILOVA
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the possibility of voting via the Internet at all levels of elections in the Russian Federation in 2020, a SWOT analysis of expert opinions is carried out. The author of the article concludes that the role of remote electronic voting has not yet been fully defined. Scientists consider the advantages of remote electronic voting to be the transparency of electoral procedures, absence of unnecessary bureaucracy and documentation, development of electronic electoral policy, attraction of voters to elections, appearing of new forms of campaigning. Scientists high-light the following disadvantages: absence of election observers; in the case of using remote electronic voting, there is a possibility of using an administrative tool for manipulation. The main risks of introducing electronic voting in the Russian Federation are considered the following: ensuring the security of the electoral process, distrust of voters, and lack of voting infrastructure for some voters. Many experts highlight the opportunities that open up when remote e-voting is used: the ability to test technological solutions and possibility to attract new voters to participate in elections. Thus, according to experts, remote electronic voting in the Russian Federation has the prospect of becoming an equivalent method for expressing the will of voters, along with traditional voting at polling stations.
DETERMINING THE HIERARCHY OF THE CAUSES OF THE “ARAB SPRING”
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russian Federation, VALENTIN M. SOKOLOV
Published: October 2021

During the Arab Spring, the protest movement has changed the geopolitical configuration of the Middle East. So far, there is a consensus among researchers on the reasons for the rise in protests during the Arab Spring. However, the hierarchy of growth factors in the protest movement remains a subject of debate. This article contains an attempt to build a hierarchy reflecting the influence of the most significant reasons on the dynamics of street protests at the beginning of the Arab Spring. The dynamics of protests and the factors influencing it are presented in a quantitative form. The dependent variable is the indicator of the dynamics of protest actions. In turn, indicators of factors affecting protests are independent variables. The values of indicators from open databases were collected. Correlation analysis of empirical data is used to assess the strength of the influence of factors on the course of protests. In particular, it allows you to obtain the values of the strength of connections between variables. The estimates obtained as a result of statistical analysis are sorted in descending order of values, representing a hierarchy of causes. As a result of the study, it was determined that the greatest impact on the growth of the duration of protests at the initial stage of the "Arab Spring" had a high level of expansion of higher education among the population.
CAD Modelling Possibilities of Gear Pairs by Two Ways in the Mechanical Engineering Practice
Authors: Bodzás Sándor , Békési Zsolt , Kertész József , Szorcsik Tamás
Published: October 2021

The GearTeq 2021 software is a complex gear designer software which is capable to design different types of gears based on the initial geometric parameters by the user. Naturally, the users’ appropriate knowledge for the gear theorem and the manufacturing technology is indispensable for the design. The possibilities of the software are shown in this publication. The designed gear pairs are usable for different engineering fields (robots, working machines, vehicles, etc.).
An Analysis of Psycho-cognitive Factors in Relation to Postpartum Depression and Anxiety in Women with and without Changes in Body Weight
Authors: Pircalabu Gabriel C. , Chiracu Alina , Golu Florinda
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is firstly to analyze the differences in postpartum self-acceptance, patterns of beliefs (rationality) and perfectionism in women with and without changes in body weight and secondly to identify the relationships among self-acceptance, rationality, and perfectionism on the one hand and postpartum depression and anxiety on the other hand. The study involved 123 women, newly mothers, aged between 20 and 46 years, M = 32.29, SD = 6.56. The instruments used were Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire, Inventory of Ideas II, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, and Inventory of State-Trait Anxiety. The results showed that the level of rationality and self-acceptance was lower in women with higher body weight, while the level of perfectionism was higher in same tier. At the same time, the results obtained by regression and mediation analyzes showed that self-acceptance is negatively associated with both depression and anxiety, rationality is also negatively associated with both depression and anxiety, and perfectionism mediates the relationship between rationality and depression, but not the relationship between rationality and anxiety. The conclusions of the study highlighted the women’s need for support to regain their pre-pregnancy emotional balance and well-being.