bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A person‐centered data analytic approach to dopaminergic polygenic moderation of child maltreatment exposure
Authors: Handley Elizabeth D. , Russotti Justin , Ross Andrew J. , Toth Sheree L. , Cicchetti Dante
Published: May 2023

The present study illustrates the utility of latent class analysis, a person‐centered data analytic approach, as an innovative method for identifying naturally occurring patterns of polygenic risk, specifically within the dopaminergic system. Moreover, this study tests whether latent classes of polygenic variation moderate the effect of child maltreatment exposure on internalizing symptoms among African ancestry youth. African ancestry youth were selected for this study because youth of color are overrepresented in the child welfare system and because African ancestry individuals are significantly underrepresented in genomics research. Results identified three latent classes of dopaminergic gene variation. Class 1 was marked predominately by homozygous minor alleles, Class 2 was characterized by homozygous major and heterozygous presentations, and Class 3 was marked by heterozygous alleles on the DAT‐1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a combination of homozygous major and minor alleles on the other SNPs. Results indicated that a greater number of maltreatment subtypes experienced were associated with higher internalizing symptoms only for children with the latent polygenic Class 2 pattern. This latent class was distinctly characterized by more homozygous major or heterozygous allelic presentations along all three DAT‐1 SNPs. This significant latent polygenic class by environment interaction was replicated in an independent replication sample. Together, findings suggest that African ancestry children with a pattern of dopaminergic variation characterized by this specific combination of polygenic variation are more vulnerable to developing internalizing symptoms following maltreatment exposure, relative to their peers with other dopamine‐related polygenic patterns.
Climatology and Decadal Changes of Arctic Atmospheric Rivers Based on ERA5 and MERRA-2
Authors: Zhang Chen , Tung Wen-Wen , Cleveland William S
Published: May 2023

We present {the} Arctic atmospheric river (AR) climatology based on
twelve {sets of} labels derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalyses for
1980–2019. The ARs were identified and tracked in the 3-hourly
reanalysis data with a multifactorial approach based on either
atmospheric column-integrated water vapor ($IWV$) or integrated water
vapor transport ($IVT$) exceeding one of the three climate thresholds
(75th, 85th, and 95th percentiles). Time series analysis of the AR event
counts from the AR labels showed overall upward trends from the
mid-1990s to 2019. The 75th $IVT$- and $IWV$-based labels, as well
as the 85th $IWV$-based labels, are likely more sensitive to Arctic
surface warming, therefore, detected some broadening of AR-affected
areas over time, while the rest of the labels did not.

Spatial exploratory analysis of these labels revealed that the AR
frequency of occurrence maxima shifted poleward from over-land in
1980–1999 to over the Arctic Ocean and its outlying Seas in 2000–2019.
Regions across the Atlantic, the Arctic, to the Pacific Oceans trended
higher AR occurrence, surface temperature, and column-integrated
moisture. Meanwhile, ARs were increasingly responsible for the rising
moisture transport into the Arctic. Even though the increase of Arctic
AR occurrence was primarily associated with long-term Arctic surface
warming and moistening, the effects of changing atmospheric circulation
could stand out locally, such as on the Pacific side over the Chukchi
Sea. The changing teleconnection patterns strongly modulated AR
activities in time and space, with prominent anomalies in the
Arctic-Pacific sector during the latest decade. Besides, the extreme
events identified by the 95th-percentile labels displayed the most
significant changes and were most influenced by the teleconnection
patterns. The twelve Arctic AR labels and the detailed graphics in the
atlas can help navigate the uncertainty of detecting and quantifying
Arctic ARs and their associated effects in current and future studies.
Addressing multi‐site functional MRI heterogeneity through dual‐expert collaborative learning for brain disease identification
Authors: Fang Yuqi , Potter Guy G. , Wu Di , Zhu Hongtu , Liu Mingxia
Published: May 2023

Several studies employ multi‐site rs‐fMRI data for major depressive disorder (MDD) identification, with a specific site as the to‐be‐analyzed target domain and other site(s) as the source domain. But they usually suffer from significant inter‐site heterogeneity caused by the use of different scanners and/or scanning protocols and fail to build generalizable models that can well adapt to multiple target domains. In this article, we propose a dual‐expert fMRI harmonization (DFH) framework for automated MDD diagnosis. Our DFH is designed to simultaneously exploit data from a single labeled source domain/site and two unlabeled target domains for mitigating data distribution differences across domains. Specifically, the DFH consists of a domain‐generic student model and two domain‐specific teacher/expert models that are jointly trained to perform knowledge distillation through a deep collaborative learning module. A student model with strong generalizability is finally derived, which can be well adapted to unseen target domains and analysis of other brain diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first attempts to investigate multi‐target fMRI harmonization for MDD diagnosis. Comprehensive experiments on 836 subjects with rs‐fMRI data from 3 different sites show the superiority of our method. The discriminative brain functional connectivities identified by our method could be regarded as potential biomarkers for fMRI‐related MDD diagnosis.
Human gut microbiome: A primer for the clinician
Authors: Kedia Saurabh , Ahuja Vineet
Published: May 2023

The human host gets tremendously influenced by a genetically and phenotypically distinct and heterogeneous constellation of microbial species—the human microbiome—the gut being one of the most densely populated and characterized site for these organisms. Microbiome science has advanced rapidly, technically with respect to the analytical methods and biologically with respect to its mechanistic influence in health and disease states. A clinician conducting a microbiome study should be aware of the nuances related to microbiome research, especially with respect to the technical and biological factors that can influence the interpretation of research outcomes. Hence, this review is an attempt to detail these aspects of the human gut microbiome, with emphasis on its determinants in a healthy state.
A real‐world evaluation of the implementation of NLP technology in abstract screening of a systematic review
Authors: Perlman‐Arrow Sara , Loo Noel , Bobrovitz Niklas , Yan Tingting , Arora Rahul K.
Published: May 2023

The laborious and time‐consuming nature of systematic review production hinders the dissemination of up‐to‐date evidence synthesis. Well‐performing natural language processing (NLP) tools for systematic reviews have been developed, showing promise to improve efficiency. However, the feasibility and value of these technologies have not been comprehensively demonstrated in a real‐world review. We developed an NLP‐assisted abstract screening tool that provides text inclusion recommendations, keyword highlights, and visual context cues. We evaluated this tool in a living systematic review on SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence, conducting a quality improvement assessment of screening with and without the tool. We evaluated changes to abstract screening speed, screening accuracy, characteristics of included texts, and user satisfaction. The tool improved efficiency, reducing screening time per abstract by 45.9% and decreasing inter‐reviewer conflict rates. The tool conserved precision of article inclusion (positive predictive value; 0.92 with tool vs. 0.88 without) and recall (sensitivity; 0.90 vs. 0.81). The summary statistics of included studies were similar with and without the tool. Users were satisfied with the tool (mean satisfaction score of 4.2/5). We evaluated an abstract screening process where one human reviewer was replaced with the tool's votes, finding that this maintained recall (0.92 one‐person, one‐tool vs. 0.90 two tool‐assisted humans) and precision (0.91 vs. 0.92) while reducing screening time by 70%. Implementing an NLP tool in this living systematic review improved efficiency, maintained accuracy, and was well‐received by researchers, demonstrating the real‐world effectiveness of NLP in expediting evidence synthesis.
Dietary exposure and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls to artisanal fishermen and fish vendors: A case study of Dar es Salaam
Authors: Mwaijibe Gabriel Jacob Gabriel , Kilima Beatrice Mgaya
Published: May 2023

Background

Fish is one of the main sources of food and income in Tanzania, with 25% of the population depending on fishing activities as a source of food, income, and employment. But fish consumers are vulnerable to exposure to toxic pollutants including PCBs due to the lipophilic nature of the pollutants which accumulate in fish.

Results

The estimated mean NDL PCBs concentration level was 0.84 ng/g w/w and the mean fish consumption rate among fishermen was 0.4 kg/day. Mean exposure of the fishermen and fish vendors to total PCBs ranged between 9.62 and 36.12 ng/kg bw/day depending on the estimation scenario (lower bound/upper bound) for both normal and higher fish consumers. The general population exposure to total PCBs was 0.4 and 0.8 ng/kg bw/day in lower‐bound and upper‐bound estimation scenarios respectively. The estimated lifetime carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic hazard indices from intake of estimated total PCBs by fishermen and fish vendors exceeded the recommended tolerable daily intake, TDI, raising serious concerns for adverse health effects to fishermen and fish vendors. However, for the general population, there was no concern for any potential health effects as the estimated hazard indices were far below the recommended levels for intake of total PCBs.

Conclusion

The exposure levels of fishermen and fish vendors to PCBs via consumption of Rastrelliger kanagutra (Indian mackerel) in Dar es Salaam are high enough to course serious health concerns, especially for high fish consumers and efforts should be taken to encourage diversification of fish species intake.
Preclinical Models of Laryngeal Papillomavirus Infection: A Scoping Review
Authors: King Renee E. , Bilger Andrea , Rademacher Josef , Lambert Paul F. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Laryngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and accounts for up to 25% of laryngeal cancers. Lack of satisfactory preclinical models is one reason that treatments for these diseases are limited. We sought to assess the literature describing preclinical models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection.

Data Sources

PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from the inception of database through October 2022.

Review Methods

Studies searched were screened by two investigators. Eligible studies were peer‐reviewed, published in English, presented original data, and described attempted models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. Data examined included type of papillomavirus, infection model, and results including success rate, disease phenotype, and viral retention.

Results

After screening 440 citations and 138 full‐text studies, 77 studies published between 1923 and 2022 were included. Models used low‐risk HPV or RRP (n = 51 studies), high‐risk HPV or laryngeal cancer (n = 16), both low‐ and high‐risk HPV (n = 1), and animal papillomaviruses (n = 9). For RRP, 2D and 3D cell culture models and xenografts retained disease phenotypes and HPV DNA in the short term. Two laryngeal cancer cell lines were consistently HPV‐positive in multiple studies. Animal laryngeal infections with animal papillomaviruses resulted in disease and long‐term retention of viral DNA.

Conclusions

Laryngeal papillomavirus infection models have been researched for 100 years and primarily involve low‐risk HPV. Most models lose viral DNA after a short duration. Future work is needed to model persistent and recurrent diseases, consistent with RRP and HPV‐positive laryngeal cancer.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:3256–3268, 2023
Multichannel design and pricing in vertically differentiated expert service markets
Authors: Du Shaofu , Peng Xuefeng , Nie Tengfei , Zhu Yangguang
Published: May 2023

Expert service providers, such as lawyers, physicians, and designers, are considering whether to employ the multichannel, which consists of online and offline channels. Multichannel strategy arises two contrary effects: the cannibalization effect and the complementary effect. This paper models expert service markets where the seller (two sellers) considers whether and how to optimally design the multichannel service. We find that the multichannel strategy dominates the traditional channel in the monopoly context; however, multichannel may be overwhelmed by the traditional channel in the vertically differentiated market. Moreover, the low‐quality seller may provide a higher‐capability online channel than the high‐quality seller.
Subthalamic Nucleus Activity during Cognitive Load and Gait Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Georgiades Matthew J. , Shine James M. , Gilat Moran , McMaster Jacqueline , Owler Brian , Mahant Neil , Lewis Simon J.G.
Published: May 2023

Background

Gait freezing is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease characterized by sudden motor arrest during walking. Adaptive deep brain stimulation devices that detect freezing and deliver real‐time, symptom‐specific stimulation are a potential treatment strategy. Real‐time alterations in subthalamic nucleus firing patterns have been demonstrated with lower limb freezing, however, whether similar abnormal signatures occur with freezing provoked by cognitive load, is unknown.

Methods

We obtained subthalamic nucleus microelectrode recordings from eight Parkinson's disease patients performing a validated virtual reality gait task, requiring responses to on‐screen cognitive cues while maintaining motor output.

Results

Signal analysis during 15 trials containing freezing or significant motor output slowing precipitated by dual‐tasking demonstrated reduced θ frequency (3–8 Hz) firing compared to 18 unaffected trials.

Conclusions

These preliminary results reveal a potential neurobiological basis for the interplay between cognitive factors and gait disturbances including freezing in Parkinson's disease, informing development of adaptive deep brain stimulation protocols. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Analysis of large time asymptotics of the fourth‐order parabolic system involving variable coefficients and mixed nonlinearities
Authors: Au Vo Van
Published: May 2023

In a general domain, we discuss an initial value problem for the symmetry generalized
‐coupled system of fourth‐order parabolic equations with space–time‐dependent diffusion coefficients and mixed nonlinearities. For the power‐type nonlinearities containing the sub‐critical Sobolev exponents, we achieve the local existence, a unique continuation, global existence, or finite‐time blow‐up of solutions to the system in time‐weighted Sobolev space. For the logarithmic nonlinearities containing the critical Sobolev exponents, we investigate the local existence in time‐weighted Sobolev space.
Regularity and attractors for the three‐dimensional generalized Boussinesq system
Authors: The Anh Cung , Tran Tinh Le
Published: May 2023

We study the three‐dimensional Boussinesq system with dissipation and diffusion generalized in terms of fractional Laplacians. First, we study the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of global weak solutions. Then, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of weak solutions via attractors. Since the system might not always have regular solutions, we use a new framework developed by Cheskidov and Lu which is called evolutionary system to obtain various attractors and their properties.
Stability analysis based on a control adjuster for switched neural networks by trajectory similarity
Authors: Zhou Xianghui , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on a class of exponential stability control problem for the stochastic neural networks (SNNs) with time‐varying delays and Markov jump (TVDMJ). As a prerequisite to the main theorem, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the main system are proved via contraction map principle. For the stability control of the system, we design a controller
which can be adjusted the parameters
to make the system stabilization. We use this controller to actively control the stability behavior of the system, rather than the papers by setting the appropriate parameters to make the system achieve a stable state. Based on the intermittent control, we design a novel trajectory similarity process control and obtain exponential stability results, which are less conservative than the existing theoretical results. Two examples based on some numerical calculation and simulation diagrams are presented to validate the effectiveness for the utilized techniques.
Mutual coupling reduction between closely spaced patch antennas using complementary electric‐field‐coupled resonators
Authors: Odabasi Hayrettin , Turan Goksel , Salimitorkamani Mahdi
Published: May 2023

This article presents mutual coupling reduction results between closely placed ‐coupled patch antennas using complementary electric field coupled (CELC) resonators. CELC elements are excited by the guided magnetic field and exhibit magnetic resonance. Two configurations are designed, analyzed, and fabricated, with one of them having edge‐to‐edge distance and the other having ( is the free space wavelength for the center frequency). Maximum isolation enhancement of about dB and an average of about dB are achieved in measurement for both designs, respectively. Radiation pattern results show no significant change in both co/cross‐polarization. Excellent agreement is achieved between the simulation and measurement results. The proposed structure is etched on the top plate of the substrate and does not involve a complicated fabrication process or any ground plane modification. The proposed design can be used for mutual coupling reduction of ‐plane coupled array antennas.
Non‐invasive ventilation usage and adherence in children and adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Hurvitz Manju , Sunkonkit Kanokkarn , Defante Andrew , Lesser Daniel , Skalsky Andrew , Orr Jeremy , Chakraborty Abhishek , Amin Reshma , Bhattacharjee Rakesh
Published: May 2023

Introduction/Aims

Non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) is routinely prescribed to support the respiratory system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients; however, factors improving NIV usage are unclear. We aimed to identify predictors of NIV adherence in DMD patients.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of DMD patients prescribed NIV and followed at (1) The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; (2) Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, USA; and (3) University of California San Diego Health, USA, between February 2016 and October 2020. The primary and secondary outcomes were 90‐day period NIV adherence and clinical and socioeconomic predictors of NIV adherence.

Results

We identified 59 DMD patients prescribed NIV (mean ± SD age = 20.1 ± 6.7 y). Overall, percentage of nights used, and average nightly usage, were 79.9 ± 31.1% and 7.23 ± 4.12 h, respectively. Compared with children, adults had higher percentage of nights used (92.9 ± 16.9% vs. 70.4 ± 36.9%; P < .05), and average nightly usage (9.5 ± 4.7 h vs. 5.3 ± 3.7 h; P < .05). Non‐English language (P = .01), and absence of deflazacort prescription (P = .02) were significantly associated with higher percentage of nights used while Hispanic ethnicity (P = .01), low household income (P = .02), and absence of deflazacort prescription (P = .02) were significantly associated with higher nightly usage. Based on univariable analysis, older age and declining forced vital capacity were associated with increased percentage of nights used and increased average nightly usage.

Discussion

Certain clinical and socioeconomic determinants had a significant impact on NIV adherence in DMD patients, providing insight into those at risk for high versus low compliance with respiratory therapy.
Association between respiratory disease and stress urinary incontinence: An analysis of the 2015−2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhu Michael , Sim Jasper , Okada Chihiro , Kim Joseph , Abraham Nitya
Published: May 2023

Introduction

There is a logical association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), given the propensity for coughing which increases intra‐abdominal pressure. However, there are few studies examining the association between COPD or asthma and specifically SUI. We aimed to utilize the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015 to 2020 to measure the association between respiratory diseases like COPD and asthma with SUI.

Methods

Data was collected from NHANES, a database representative of the United States population. Participants were included if they were female, older than 20 years, and completed the incontinence survey question. Self‐reported history of asthma and COPD diagnosis from a physician, as well as history of incontinence associated with activities such as coughing, lifting, or exercise, were collected. Characteristics of participants were compared using χ2 and Student t‐tests. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using a multimodel approach to adjust for sociodemographic and health‐related covariates.

Results

A total of 9059 women were included in this study. 42.13% reported an episode of SUI in the past year, 6.29% had a COPD diagnosis, and 11.86% had an asthma diagnosis. In the unadjusted analysis, participants with COPD were more likely to report SUI (odds ratio [OR] 3.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13−5.49, p < 0.001); this association persisted on multivariable analysis (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.46−5.60, p = 0.003). There was no significant association between asthma and SUI in the unadjusted (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.96−1.38, p = 0.14) or adjusted model (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.86−1.60, p = 0.30).

Conclusion

Although a strong association between COPD and SUI was observed, an analogous one was not found between asthma and SUI. Chronic cough may be more difficult to control with treatment or more common in those with COPD than asthma, explaining this difference. Future research should continue to explore drivers for SUI in large populations to dispel or affirm historically assumed SUI risk factors.
Quadratic covariance‐constrained filtering for linear and non‐linear systems with non‐Gaussian noises
Authors: Javanfar Elham , Rahmani Mehdi
Published: May 2023

This study considers a robust quadratic covariance‐constrained filtering problem for discrete time‐varying linear and non‐linear dynamic systems with non‐Gaussian noises. Non‐Gaussian noises are presumed to be unknown, bounded, and limited in a specified ellipsoidal set. In this approach, first, a general standard linear form of the filter is introduced for state estimation in linear dynamic systems. The filter gain is obtained by minimizing the upper bound of the estimation error's covariance matrix. The Lyapunov theory demonstrates the stability of this filter. Second, we extend the proposed filtering approach to non‐linear dynamic systems that are considered as a combination of linear and non‐linear terms. The Lipschitz‐like condition is assumed for the non‐linear part. A new filter structure is proposed in this case and the filter gain is obtained by the same idea to minimize the upper bound of the error's covariance matrix. Finally, four numerical examples are presented to signify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed filters for linear and non‐linear systems.
20E biosynthesis gene CYP306A1 confers resistance to imidacloprid in the nymph stage of Bemisia tabaci by detoxification metabolism
Authors: Liu Shaonan , Fu Buli , Zhang Chengjia , He Chao , Gong Peipan , Huang Mingjiao , Du Tianhua , Liang Jinjin , Wei Xuegao , Yang Jing , Yin Cheng , Ji Yao , Xue Hu , Hu Jinyu , Wang Chao , Zhang Rong , Du He , Yang Xin , Zhang Youjun
Published: May 2023

Background

Difference in physiology level between the immature and mature stages of insects likely contribute to different mechanisms of insecticide resistance. It is well acknowledged that insect 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays an important role in many biological processes in the immature stage, whether 20E confers insecticide resistance at this specific stage is still poorly understood. By gene cloning, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR, RNA interference (RNAi) and in vitro metabolism experiments, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of 20E‐related genes in conferring imidacloprid (IMD) resistance in the immature stage of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean.

Results

After identification of low to moderate IMD resistance in the whitefly, we found CYP306A1 of the six 20E‐related genes was overexpressed in the nymph stage of the three resistant strains compared to a laboratory reference susceptible strain, but not in the adult stage. Further exposure to IMD resulted in an increase in CYP306A1 expression in the nymph stage. These results together imply that CYP306A1 may be implicated in IMD resistance in the nymph stage of the whitefly. RNAi knockdown of CYP306A1 increased the mortality of nymphs after treatment with IMD in bioassay, suggesting a pivotal role of CYP306A1 in conferring IMD resistance in the nymph stage. Additionally, our metabolism experiments in vivo showed that the content of IMD reduced by 20% along with cytochrome P450 reductase and heterologously expressed CYP306A1, which provides additional evidence for the important function of CYP306A1 in metabolizing IMD that leads to the resistance.

Conclusion

This study uncovers a novel function of the 20E biosynthesis gene CYP306A1 in metabolizing imidacloprid, thus contributing to such resistance in the immature stage of the insect. These findings not only advance our understanding of 20E‐mediated insecticide resistance, but also provide a new target for sustainable pest control of global insect pests such as whitefly. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optical response of position dependent hybrid optomechanical system
Authors: Qayyum A. , Farooq K. , Ali Hazrat , Asghar H. M. Noor ul Huda Khan , Gilani Zaheer Abbas
Published: May 2023

Optomechanics is a growing field of research, studies the interaction between optical field and mechanical oscillator. In this study, we theoretically analyze a hybrid system which consists of Fabry Perot cavity containing two‐level N‐ Number of atoms. The cavity having two mirrors one is fixed, and other is oscillating. The oscillating mirror has a position dependent mass, considered as effective mass. The mechanical resonator generates a nonlinear effect because it is position dependent. Dynamics of the system's operators, steady‐state solutions, and optical response of the hybrid optomechanical system are analytically calculated. Optical response in the regime of position dependent effective mass (PDEM) are the main result in this article. We deduced that position dependent parameter of the resonator not only effect the dynamics but also the optical response of the optomechanical system.
A Transmetalation Synthetic Strategy to Engineer Atomically Dispersed MnN2O2 Electrocatalytic Centers Driving High‐Performance LiS Battery
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Luo Dengfeng , Xiao Hong , Liang Xiao , Zhang Fanchao , Zhuang Huifeng , Li Mingde , Zheng Lirong , Gao Qiuming
Published: May 2023

Sluggish sulfur redox reaction (SROR) kinetics accompanying lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect becomes a stumbling block for commercial application of LiS battery. High‐efficient single atom catalysts (SACs) are desired to improve the SROR conversion capability; however, the sparse active sites as well as partial sites encapsulated in bulk‐phase are fatal to the catalytic performance. Herein, high loading (5.02 wt.%) atomically dispersed manganese sites (MnSA) on hollow nitrogen‐doped carbonaceous support (HNC) are realized for the MnSA@HNC SAC by a facile transmetalation synthetic strategy. The thin‐walled hollow structure (≈12 nm) anchoring the unique trans‐MnN2O2 sites of MnSA@HNC provides a shuttle buffer zone and catalytic conversion site for LiPSs. Both electrochemical measurement and theoretical calculation indicate that the MnSA@HNC with abundant trans‐MnN2O2 sites have extremely high bidirectional SROR catalytic activity. The assembled LiS battery based on the MnSA@HNC modified separator can deliver a large specific capacity of 1422 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and stable cycling over 1400 cycles with an ultralow decay rate of 0.033% per cycle at 1 C. More impressively, a flexible pouch cell on account of the MnSA@HNC modified separator may release a high initial specific capacity of 1192 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and uninterruptedly work after the bending‐unbending processes.
Hybridizing Tetraglyme to Aqueous Electrolyte with Concentrated Salts Promote Intercalation of Anions on Graphite Cathode in Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Dengyao , Watanabe Motonori , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: May 2023

The amount of support salt in electrolytes determines the capacity of a dual‐ion battery (DIB), and highly concentrated electrolytes are required for developing the high energy density DIB. In this study, hybrid aqueous tetraglyme (G4) electrolyte is investigated to develop high energy density aqueous DIB that is composed of carbon and Mo6S8 for cathode and anode, respectively. Impedance measurement reveals that introduced G4 increases the activation energy of the anode; however, decreases the activation energy for anion intercalation into the carbon cathode. This decreases the activation energy resulted from the G4 molecule strongly solvated to Li+ resulting in weakening anion trapped in “contact ion pair” in concentrated aqueous electrolyte. So, hybrid G4‐aqueous electrolyte is useful for better electrochemical intercalation of anion. In addition, this hybrid electrolyte is highly stable by formation of stable solid electrode–electrolyte interphase on Mo6S8 anode and discharge capacity of 37 mAh g−1, and 72% retained capacity after 500 cycles with a high average coulombic efficiency of 93% is achieved.
Groundwater modeling of the Silala basin and impacts of channelization
Authors: Taylor Adam , Peach Denis
Published: May 2023

A key issue in the legal case before the International Court of Justice between Bolivia and Chile concerned artificial channels in the headwater wetlands of the Silala River in Bolivia, and their impact on the river and groundwater flow rates across the international border into Chile. In pleadings before the Court, Bolivia had claimed up to 40% changes in river flow, whereas Chile had maintained that these were much smaller. This paper reviews construction of a numerical groundwater model to quantify this impact, based on the hydrogeological conceptual model presented earlier in this volume. The groundwater model domain covers the Silala River topographical catchment, plus three adjacent closed (endorheic) topographical catchments to the northeast, which together form the groundwater catchment of the Silala River. The geometry was based on a 3D geological model, constructed based on knowledge gained from several geological mapping investigations. Surface water flows were simulated within a margin of error less than the range of uncertainty associated with the flow measurements. The resulting calibrated groundwater model was used to simulate scenarios corresponding to (a) the removal of channels in the Bolivian wetlands and (b) backfilling of the channels and a small increase in ground elevation (postulated by Bolivia due to long term peat accumulation). The results of these scenarios indicate that the measures would result in a small reduction to the surface water flow over the border to Chile; for Scenario A less than 1% change in surface flows, and for Scenario B less than 3%.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Human Water > Water Governance
On the number of failed components in a series–parallel system upon system failure when the lifetimes are DNID discrete random variables
Authors: Jasiński Krzysztof
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study properties of a series–parallel system. The component lifetimes may be dependent and non-identically distributed (DNID) discrete random variables. We consider the number of failed components upon system failure. We derive the probability mass function and the expected value of this quantity. In addition, we find the conditional probabilities corresponding to this variate given some partial information about the system failure. We also provide a numerical example to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Augmented region of interest for untargeted metabolomics mass spectrometry (AriumMS) of multi-platform-based CE-MS and LC-MS data
Authors: Naumann Lukas , Haun Adrian , Höchsmann Alisa , Mohr Michael , Novák Martin , Flottmann Dirk , Neusüß Christian
Published: May 2023

In mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics, there is a great need to combine different analytical separation techniques to cover metabolites of different polarities and apply appropriate multi-platform data processing. Here, we introduce AriumMS (augmented region of interest for untargeted metabolomics mass spectrometry) as a reliable toolbox for multi-platform metabolomics. AriumMS offers augmented data analysis of several separation techniques utilizing a region-of-interest algorithm. To demonstrate the capabilities of AriumMS, five datasets were combined. This includes three newly developed capillary electrophoresis (CE)-Orbitrap MS methods using the recently introduced nanoCEasy CE-MS interface and two hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-Orbitrap MS methods. AriumMS provides a novel mid-level data fusion approach for multi-platform data analysis to simplify and speed up multi-platform data processing and evaluation. The key feature of AriumMS lies in the optimized data processing strategy, including parallel processing of datasets and flexible parameterization for processing of individual separation methods with different peak characteristics. As a case study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) was treated with a growth inhibitor, and AriumMS successfully differentiated the metabolome based on the augmented multi-platform CE-MS and HILIC-MS investigation. As a result, AriumMS is proposed as a powerful tool to improve the accuracy and selectivity of metabolome analysis through the integration of several HILIC-MS/CE-MS techniques.

Graphical Abstract
Foraging behaviour of black guillemots at three Norwegian sites during the breeding season
Authors: Dehnhard Nina , Anker-Nilssen Tycho , Johnston Daniel , Masden Elizabeth A. , Lorentsen Svein-Håkon , Christensen-Dalsgaard Signe
Published: May 2023

The intensification of coastal development poses potential threats for coastal seabirds, and understanding their habitat use is a key factor to guide conservation and management. In sub-arctic areas, black guillemots (Cepphus grylle) use coastal habitats year-round, which makes them vulnerable to the increasing human activities in these areas. In mainland Norway, one of the species’ strongholds, black guillemots are red-listed after substantial population declines. However, their fine-scale foraging behaviour has received little attention to date. We collected and analysed GPS tracking data from adult black guillemots at three sites located over a latitudinal gradient of 250 km in central/northern Norway. Maximum foraging ranges of 33 km at Sklinna (65°12′N) for incubating birds, and 18 km at both Vega (65°34′N) and Sklinna for chick-rearing birds, are among the longest reported for this species. At all three sites, foraging probability was highest in shallow waters (< 50 m depth) close to the colony and declined with increasing water depth and distance from colony. However, birds from Vega also foraged over deeper waters. Kelp presence was of high importance at Sklinna, but apparently less important at Røst (67°26’N) and Vega. We also found distinct differences in foraging activity across the day and with tidal height among the sites. Inter-site differences in habitat use and foraging activity may be explained by differences in the availability of habitats and suitable prey. Our study highlights the importance of shallow marine areas for black guillemots and shows that habitat use can vary substantially between sites.
Osseous variations associated with physiological thinning of the glenoid articular cartilage: an osteological study with CT, MRI and arthroscopic correlations
Authors: Benes Michal , Fulin Petr , Kachlik David , Al-Redouan Azzat , Tomaides Jan , Kysilko Martin , Salavova Sarka , Kunc Vojtech
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the relationship between osseous variations of the glenoid fossa and thinning of the overlaying articular cartilage.

Materials and methods

In total, 360 dry scapulae, comprising adult, children and fetal specimens, were observed for potential presence of osseous variants inside the glenoid fossa. Subsequently, the appearance of the observed variants was evaluated using CT and MRI (each 300 scans), and in-time arthroscopic findings (20 procedures). New terminology of the observed variants was proposed by an expert panel formed by orthopaedic surgeons, anatomists and radiologists.

Results

Tubercle of Assaky was observed in 140 (46.7%) adult scapulae, and an innominate osseous depression was identified in 27 (9.0%) adult scapulae. Upon radiological imaging, the tubercle of Assaky was found in 128 (42.7%) CTs and 118 (39.3%) MRIs, while the depression was identified in 12 (4.0%) CTs and 14 (4.7%) MRIs. Articular cartilage above the osseous variations appeared relatively thinner and in several young individuals was found completely absent. Moreover, the tubercle of Assaky featured an increasing prevalence with aging, while the osseous depression develops in the second decade. Macroscopic articular cartilage thinning was identified in 11 (55.0%) arthroscopies. Consequently, four new terms were invented to describe the presented findings.

Conclusion

Physiological articular cartilage thinning occurs due to the presence of the intraglenoid tubercle or the glenoid fovea. In teenagers, the cartilage above the glenoid fovea may be naturally absent. Screening for these variations increases the diagnostic accuracy of glenoid defects. In addition, implementing the proposed terminological updates would optimize communication accuracy.
Number of days required to measure sedentary time and physical activity using accelerometery in rheumatoid arthritis: a reliability study
Authors: O’Brien Ciara M. , Kitas George D. , Rayner Fiona , Isaacs John D. , Baker Kenneth F. , Pratt Arthur G. , Buckley Christopher D. , Raza Karim , Filer Andrew , Siebert Stefan , McInnes Iain , McGucken Andrew , Fenton Sally A. M. ,   The BIOFLARE Consortium
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to determine the minimum number of days required to reliably estimate free-living sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) using accelerometer data in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), according to Disease Activity Score-28-C-reactive protein (DAS-28-CRP). Secondary analysis of two existing RA cohorts with controlled (cohort 1) and active (cohort 2) disease was undertaken. People with RA were classified as being in remission (DAS-28-CRP < 2.4,n = 9), or with low (DAS-28-CRP ≥ 2.4—≤ 3.2,n = 15), moderate (DAS-28-CRP > 3.2—≤ 5.1,n = 41) or high (DAS-28-CRP > 5.1,n = 16) disease activity. Participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on their right hip for 7 days during waking hours. Validated RA-specific cut-points were applied to accelerometer data to estimate free-living sedentary time, LPA and MPA (%/day). Single-day intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated and used in the Spearman Brown prophecy formula to determine the number of monitoring days required to achieve measurement reliability (ICC ≥ 0.80) for each group. The remission group required ≥ 4 monitoring days to achieve an ICC ≥ 0.80 for sedentary time and LPA, with low, moderate and high disease activity groups requiring ≥ 3 monitoring days to reliably estimate these behaviours. The monitoring days required for MPA were more variable across disease activity groups (remission =  ≥ 3 days; low =  ≥ 2 days; moderate =  ≥ 3 days; high =  ≥ 5 days). We conclude at least 4 monitoring days will reliably estimate sedentary time and LPA in RA, across the whole spectrum of disease activity. However, to reliably estimate behaviours across the movement continuum (sedentary time, LPA, MPA), at least 5 monitoring days are required.
Observed and projected changes in snow accumulation and snowline in California’s snowy mountains
Authors: Shulgina Tamara , Gershunov Alexander , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Guirguis Kristen , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Margulis Steven A. , Fang Yiwen , Cayan Daniel R. , Pierce David W. , Dettinger Michael , Anderson Michael L. , Ralph F. Martin
Published: May 2023

The Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascades—California’s snowy mountains—are primary freshwater sources and natural reservoirs for the states of California and Nevada. These mountains receive precipitation overwhelmingly from wintertime storms including atmospheric rivers (ARs), much of it falling as snow at the higher elevations. Using a seven-decade record of daily observed temperature and precipitation as well as a snow reanalysis and downscaled climate projections, we documented historical and future changes in snow accumulation and snowlines. In four key subregions of California’s snowy mountains, we quantified the progressing contribution of ARs and non-AR storms to the evolving and projected snow accumulation and snowlines (elevation of the snow-to-rain transition), exploring their climatology, variability and trends. Historically, snow makes up roughly a third of the precipitation affecting California’s mountains. While ARs make up only a quarter of all precipitating days and, due to their relative warmth, produce snowlines higher than do other storms, they contribute over 40% of the total seasonal snow. Under projected unabated warming, snow accumulation would decline to less than half of historical by the late twenty-first century, with the greatest snow loss at mid elevations (from 1500 to 3300 m by the mountain sub-regions) during fall and spring. Central and Southern Sierra Nevada peaks above 3400 m might see occasionally extreme snow accumulations in January–February resulting entirely from wetter ARs. AR-related snowlines are projected to increase by more than 700 m, compared to about 500 m for other storms. We discuss likely impacts of the changing climate for water resources as well as for winter recreation.
Yield of brain MRI in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Byrne D , Fisher A , Baker L , Twomey EL , Gorman K M
Published: May 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition. The American Academy of Paediatrics and American Academy of Neurology do not recommend routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of ASD. The need for a brain MRI should be decided on atypical features in the clinical history and examination. However, many physicians continue to use brain MRI routinely in the assessment process. We performed a retrospective review of indications for requesting brain MRI in our institution over a 5-year period. The aim was to identify the yield of MRI in children with ASD and calculate the prevalence of significant neuroimaging abnormalities in children with ASD and identify clinical indications for neuroimaging. One hundred eighty-one participants were analysed. An abnormal brain MRI was identified in 7.2% (13/181). Abnormal brain MRI was more likely with an abnormal neurological examination (OR 33.1, p = 0.001) or genetic/metabolic abnormality (OR 20, p = 0.02). In contrast, abnormal MRI was not shown to be more likely in children with a variety of other indications such as behavioural issues and developmental delay.

      Conclusion: Thus, our findings support that MRI should not be a routine investigation in ASD, without additional findings. The decision to arrange brain MRI should be made on a case-by-case basis following careful evaluation of potential risks and benefits. The impact of any findings on the management course of the child should be considered prior to arranging imaging.

What is Known:• Incidental brain MRI findings are common in children with and without ASD.• Many children with ASD undergo brain MRI in the absence of neurological comorbidities.

What is New:• Brain MRI abnormalities in ASD are more likely with an abnormal neurological examination and genetic or metabolic conditions.• Prevalence of significant brain MRI abnormalities in ASD alone is low.
Intrarenal renin–angiotensin system activation and macrophage infiltrations in pediatric chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hattori Tomoki , Fujioka Keisuke , Nagai Takashi , Kondo Shuji , Kagami Shoji , Hirayama Masahiro , Urushihara Maki
Published: May 2023

Background

The current study tested the hypothesis that urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (UMCP-1) levels provide a specific index of intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) status and the degree of infiltration of macrophages associated with RAS blockade and immunosuppressant treatment in pediatric patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

Methods

We measured baseline UAGT and UMCP-1 levels to examine the correlation between glomerular injury in 48 pediatric chronic glomerulonephritis patients before treatment. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of angiotensinogen (AGT) and CD68 in 27 pediatric chronic glomerulonephritis patients treated with RAS blockades and immunosuppressants for 2 years. Finally, we examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in cultured human mesangial cells (MCs).

Results

Baseline UAGT and UMCP-1 levels positively correlated with urinary protein levels, scores for mesangial hypercellularity, rate of crescentic formation, and expression levels of AGT and CD68 in renal tissues (p < 0.05). UAGT and UMCP-1 levels were significantly decreased after RAS blockade and immunosuppressant treatment (p < 0.01), which was accompanied by AGT and CD68 (p < 0.01), as well as the magnitude of glomerular injury. Cultured human MCs showed increased MCP-1 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels after Ang II treatment (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The data indicates that UAGT and UMCP-1 are useful biomarkers of the degree of glomerular injury during RAS blockade and immunosuppressant treatment in pediatric patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.