bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An International Delphi Survey for the Definition of New Classification Criteria for Familial Mediterranean Fever, Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency, TNF Receptor–associated Periodic Fever Syndromes, and Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndrome
Authors: Federici Silvia , Vanoni Federica , Ben-Chetrit Eldad , Cantarini Luca , Frenkel Joost , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Gul Ahmet , Hoffman Hal , Koné-Paut Isabelle , Kuemmerle-Deschner Jasmin , Lachmann Helen J. , Martini Alberto , Obici Laura , Ozen Seza , Simon Anna , Hofer Michael , Ruperto Nicolino , Gattorno Marco
Published: November 2018

Objective.

Provisional evidence-based classification criteria for hereditary periodic fever (HPF) have been recently developed. However, no consensus on how to combine clinical criteria, laboratory tests, and results of molecular analysis has been reached. The objective of this study is to understand which variables physicians consider important for the classification of patients with HPF.

Methods.

Two Delphi surveys were sent to health professionals in the field of autoinflammation. In the first open survey, 124 researchers could list all the variables they consider useful for the diagnosis of each monogenic periodic fever. The variables could be of any type and each researcher could complete the survey for 1 or more diseases. In the second survey, 162 researchers were asked to select, from a list of items coming from the first survey, the 10 top variables and to rank them by assigning a score from 10 to 1.

Results.

The response rates to the Delphi surveys were 85% for the first session and 87% for the second. The variables selected for each disease (corresponding to the third quartile, considering the total score obtained by the variables after the second Delphi survey) were 21 for mevalonate kinase deficiency, 22 for cryopyrinopathies, 18 for familial Mediterranean fever, and 20 for tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic fever syndrome. A positive genetic test reached the top rank in all the HPF.

Conclusion.

Our process led to the identification of those features considered the most important as candidate variables to be included in a new set of evidence-based classification criteria for HPF.
Reduced Occurrence Rate of Acute Anterior Uveitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Golimumab — The GO-EASY Study
Authors: van Bentum Rianne E. , Heslinga Sjoerd C. , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Gerards Andreas H. , Griep Ed N. , Koehorst Charlotte B.J.M. , Kok Marc R. , Schilder Anna M. , Verhoef Marijn , van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene E.
Published: November 2018

Objective.

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is common in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Golimumab (GOL), a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi), has proven to be effective in the treatment of AS. To date, the effect of GOL on the incidence of AAU in AS is unknown. The objective was to study the AAU occurrence rate in patients with AS during GOL treatment and secondarily, the efficacy of GOL in daily clinical practice.

Methods.

The study was a multicenter prospective study in a real-world setting in patients with AS who were treated with GOL for 12 months. The occurrence of AAU was assessed in the year before the initial TNFi treatment and during GOL treatment and calculated for the period at risk for a new AAU. Measures for disease activity [Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)] and treatment response [Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS20 score)] were collected.

Results.

In total, 93 patients (65% male, 55% TNFi-naive, 27% history of AAU) were included, with a median disease duration of 7 years and ASDAS score of 3.1. During GOL treatment, the AAU occurrence rate was reduced from 11.1 to 2.2 per 100 patient-years (rate-ratio 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.91). After 3 months of treatment, 41% of the patients experienced a clinically important improvement of the ASDAS score (p < 0.001) and 36% an ASDAS20 response (p < 0.001). At month 12, 49% had achieved an ASAS20 response (p < 0.001).

Conclusion.

In AS, the AAU occurrence rate and disease activity decreased significantly during GOL treatment. Therefore, GOL can be considered a good choice in patients with AS who need a TNFi, especially in cases of recurrent AAU. (EudraCT number: 2012-002458-21)
Permanent Discontinuation of Glucocorticoids in Polymyalgia Rheumatica Is Uncommon but May Be Enhanced by Amino Bisphosphonates
Authors: Giollo Alessandro , Rossini Maurizio , Bettili Francesco , Ghellere Francesco , Fracassi Elena , Idolazzi Luca , Gatti Davide , Viapiana Ombretta
Published: November 2018

Objective.

The duration of treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is often longterm. Amino bisphosphonates (N-BP) are used in PMR for the prevention of GC-induced osteoporosis, but they coulsd also have immunomodulatory properties. Whether they can be effective as an adjuvant treatment in PMR is unknown. We aimed to establish whether the use of N-BP in our PMR cohort may be associated with GC discontinuation.

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with PMR recorded in our electronic medical notes. Cox regression analyses were used to examine the association between the use of N-BP and discontinuation of GC.

Results.

Data were retrieved for 385 patients (mean age 71 ± 10 yrs, 64% females, mean initial prednisone dose 19 ± 9 mg/day). The median followup time was 38 months (range 9–57); more than 60% of patients were exposed to N-BP. GC were discontinued in 47% of patients after a median time of 20 months (range 14–27), but subsequently restarted in 39%. Overall, 276/385 patients (72%) were actively treated at their last available evaluation (mean prednisone dose 4.9 ± 5.5 mg/day), while 123/205 (60%) were still receiving GC after 24 months of followup. The use of N-BP was associated with the discontinuation of GC (adjusted HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88), independent of age, initial GC dose, and osteoporosis.

Conclusion.

Unlike current guidelines, longterm treatment with GC is often necessary. These preliminary data suggest that N-BP may be involved in the management of PMR.
Travail, genre et vote
Authors: Mossuz-Lavau Janine
Published: November 2018

Pionnière des analyses genrées du vote, Janine Mossuz-Lavau revient sur son parcours de recherche et son investissement dans cette thématique depuis ses travaux sur le vote des femmes au Cevipof (Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po) avec Mariette Sineau.
Le vote des femmes pour Marine Le Pen
Authors: Marchand-Lagier Christèle
Published: November 2018

Le vote des femmes en faveur du Front national s’est-il banalisé ? Qu’a-t-il de singulier ? Quelles sont les femmes qui accordent leur préférence à Marine Le Pen ? Cet article s’appuie sur le traitement de questionnaires à la sortie des urnes, recueillis dans le cadre de l’enquête ALCoV 2 , lors du deuxième tour de la Présidentielle 2017. Ces données sont mobilisées pour questionner la disparition d’un «  radical right gender gap  » au profit d’un «  gender generation gap  » qui expliquerait la propension supposée plus forte des jeunes femmes à choisir la candidate d’extrême-droite. Au-delà de l’âge et du sexe néanmoins, c’est aux différents temps de la vie des femmes qu’il convient de s’intéresser pour analyser en quoi, encore plus fréquemment que les hommes, dépendantes de leurs environnements familiaux, sociaux et professionnels, elles peuvent choisir le Front national ( fn ). Cette capacité d’attraction du fn auprès de ces catégories qui restent néanmoins les moins participantes est sans doute une des raisons de ces échecs répétés aux élections.
L’ordinaire de la violence. Un cas d’atteinte sexuelle sur mineure en milieu artistique
Authors: Trachman Mathieu
Published: November 2018

L’ordinaire est un thème souvent mobilisé dans les études sur les violences de genre. À partir d’un cas d’atteinte sexuelle sur mineure, cet article a pour objectif d’en préciser les enjeux. Il montre en premier lieu que la notion d’ordinaire, qui signifie souvent ce qui est commun à toutes les femmes, gagne à voir son périmètre précisé : dans le cas analysé, le travail artistique, sa dimension vocationnelle, la personnalisation des relations entre professeur et étudiante, les coûts d’entrée dans le métier pour les femmes sont des éléments déterminants. Dans les études féministes, l’ordinaire désigne également les faits de violence qui caractérisent la vie quotidienne des femmes. En distinguant faits, situation et qualification, l’article montre que la qualification de violence implique un sentiment d’anormalité et une réflexivité largement absents dans les situations de violence de genre. Ce hiatus explique l’incertitude souvent inhérente à la qualification de violence et le caractère rétrospectivement énigmatique des situations de violence. L’ordinaire de la violence désigne ainsi moins une évidence occultée qu’un registre de l’expérience où les abus et les agressions sont intégrés dans le cours des choses et normalisés par les protagonistes.
INFLUENCING PARAMETERS OF THE LIFE CYCLE COST-ENERGY RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Wang Jie , Pan Wei
Published: November 2018

Buildings contribute around 45% of the world's energy consumption. Reducing energy demand in buildings therefore plays a vital role in addressing the depletion of energy resources and associated environmental issues. Previous research explored the optimisations of the costs and energy consumption of buildings, but often overlooked the connections, tradeoffs and synergies between them. The aim of this paper is thus to develop a theoretical model of the influencing parameters of the life cycle cost-energy relationship (LCCER) of buildings using the Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) analytical framework. This study was carried out through a critical literature review, model development and validation through case studies with four zero or nearly zero energy building projects carefully selected from the European Union and Australia. The developed model addresses the buildings' LCCER by identifying the key influencing parameters and explicating the mechanisms (namely, the simultaneous and unilateral effects) by which the identified parameters affect such relationship. The important influencing parameters were found to reside in two aspects: (1) internal project designs covering building characteristics, building structure and function, and construction process, and (2) external environments covering climate, economic condition, occupant behaviour, policy and regulation, and buildings' lifespan focused in the studies. Various statistical correlations were found to exist between the costs and energy consumption of the studied cases. It is summarised that these correlations may be attributable to the synergy between the simultaneous and unilateral effects of the identified parameters. The developed model contributes a systemic approach to examining the building's life cycle economics and energy in a comparative manner.
Terminologie outillée et diachronie : éléments de réflexion autour d’une réconciliation
Authors: Picton Aurélie
Published: November 2018

Longtemps considérée comme le parent pauvre des recherches en langues de spécialité, la diachronie semble aujourd’hui prendre la place qui lui est due. Néanmoins, les travaux et recherches diachroniques présentent une grande hétérogénéité tant dans leurs approches que dans les objectifs qu’ils poursuivent. Si ceci reflète la richesse des apports de la diachronie, cela indique également que l’heure semble moins au plaidoyer en faveur de cette perspective, mais plus à la réflexion autour de ce qui la caractérise lorsqu’elle est appliquée aux langues de spécialité. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d’adopter le prisme de la terminologie textuelle pour alimenter cette réflexion. Cette approche cherche en effet depuis plusieurs années à systématiser les méthodes outillées d’analyse de la variation en corpus spécialisés et à en théoriser différents aspects, à partir de contextes réels d’application. Ces objectifs ont donc amené ce courant à questionner plusieurs « piliers » d’analyse en diachronie autour des notions de corpus, outils, experts et interprétation.
Determining survival probabilities for specialised neologisms in medical English and French: a diachronic perspective
Authors: Schneider Coralie
Published: November 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de démontrer que les probabilités de survie d’un néologisme spécialisé sont corrélées à des facteurs d’ordre quantitatif (nombre d’occurrences, taux de distribution) et qualitatif (variation, équivalence terminologique) et qu’il est nécessaire d’envisager leur étude en diachronie. En effet, le nombre d’occurrences d’un néologisme ou le nombre de publications dans lequel il apparaît varie généralement d’année en année. De même, ses variantes et ses équivalents peuvent apparaître ou disparaître au fil des ans. Nous présentons d’abord un bref état de l’art de la notion de néologisme spécialisé duquel nous dérivons notre hypothèse de recherche et le cadre de notre analyse. Puis, nous présentons la méthodologie adoptée pour la constitution d’un corpus spécialisé dans les maladies rares et pour la détection des néologismes. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à l’analyse, pour deux néologismes, des données recueillies pour chacun des facteurs que nous supposons déterminants dans l’intégration du néologisme à la langue de cette communauté de discours.
Diachrony in legal terminology: a case study on the rights of victims of crime in the EU
Authors: Peruzzo Katia
Published: November 2018

La décision-cadre 2001/220/JAI du Conseil a été le premier acte juridique adopté par l’Union européenne à énoncer des dispositions générales concernant les victimes de la criminalité et leurs droits. Dix ans plus tard, des progrès significatifs ont été accomplis grâce à l’adoption de la directive 2012/29/UE, qui a établi des normes minimales concernant les droits, le soutien et la protection des victimes de la criminalité. Cet article présente une étude menée sur les termes commençant par l’élément de tête « right » extraits des deux actes susmentionnés. L’objectif était de déterminer si les progrès juridiques réalisés au cours d’une décennie se sont accompagnés d’une évolution de la terminologie utilisée. L’étude a révélé que, lorsque la terminologie juridique est analysée dans une perspective diachronique, différents phénomènes peuvent être observés, à savoir des cas de stabilité, de néologie formelle et de néologie totale. Les phénomènes d’évolution diachronique dans la terminologie juridique sont ensuite considérés d’un point de vue didactique pour examiner les bénéfices potentiels que les étudiants en droit, en traduction juridique et en terminologie juridique pourraient tirer de l’introduction de la dimension diachronique.
Using Digestive Fluid Biomarkers to Predict Acute Gastrointestinal Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Minhua Cheng , Tao Gao , Fengchan Xi , Wenkui Yu
Published: November 2018

Background

Acute gastrointestinal injury is associated with significantly increased mortality in critically ill patients. However, markers for measuring acute gastrointestinal injury are neither sensitive nor specific.

Objective

To determine whether enzymes in digestive fluid are predictive of the severity of acute gastrointestinal injury.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted between June 2015 and December 2015 in a surgical intensive care unit. Enrolled patients were classified by acute gastrointestinal injury grade according to the 2012 European Society of Intensive Care Medicine system. Digestive fluid was collected through nasointestinal tubes and analyzed 24 hours after the diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal injury. Intestinal markers of injury (pH, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor α, and secretory immunoglobulin A) were measured in digestive fluid.

Results

Of the 76 patients included, acute gastrointestinal injury was grade I in 41, grade II in 20, grade III in 8, and grade IV in 7. Secretory immunoglobulin A was an independent predictor of grade III acute gastrointestinal injury. When data from patients with grades I and II injury and patients with grades III and IV injury were grouped together, analysis revealed that pH, interleukin 10, and secretory immunoglobulin A were independent predictors of acute gastrointestinal failure.

Conclusions

Secretory immunoglobulin A was predictive of grade III acute gastrointestinal injury. Digestive fluid markers of injury (pH, interleukin 10, and secretory immunoglobulin A) were predictors of acute gastrointestinal failure. Further study is required to determine if other markers are specific or sensitive for acute gastrointestinal injury.
Insights into the interplay between KIR gene frequencies and chronic HBV infection in Burkina Faso
Authors: SORGHO Abel Pegdwendé , MARTINSON Jeremy James , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , YONLI Albert Théophane , NAGALO Bolni Marius , COMPAORE Rebeca Tégwindé , OBIRI-YEBOAH Dorcas , BIRAMA Diarra , SOMBIE Herman Karim , ZONGO Arsène Wendpagnangdé , OUATTARA Abdoul Karim , SOUBEIGA Serge Théophile R. , TRAORE Lassina , ROBERTS Lewis R. , SIMPORE Jacques
Published: November 2018

Background/Objective: The receptors of natural killer cells "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor" (KIR) regulate the activity of Natural killer cells in the innate response against viral infections. To date there is no accurate method to identify high risk groups for cirrhosis and HCC in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to assess the association between KIR genes frequencies and chronic infection HBV infection in Burkina Faso’s population. Methods: Chronic HBV carriers and healthy patients were selected for this study. The viral load for HBV were performed to confirm the serological status for HBV of the studied cohort. In addition, SSP-PCR was used to characterize the frequencies of KIR genes.Results: The study suggested that inhibitory genes KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 and activator gene KIR2DS2 (p˂0.001 for all and OR = 2.82; 2.48 and 3.84 respectively) might be associated with chronic stages of HBV infection.  While inhibitory genes KIR3DL1 (p = 0.0018 OR = 0.49), KIR3DL2 (p = 0.005 OR = 0.40), the activator gene KIR2DS1 (p = 0.014 OR = 0.47) and the pseudo gene KIR2DP1 (p = 0.011 OR = 0.49) could be associated with immunity against HBV infection. Patients who carried the KIR3DL2 gene had a high HBV viral load compared to the rest of the study population. Conclusion: Our data showed an evidence of correlation between the propensity of developing chronic HBV infection and certain KIR gene frequencies and that KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR2DS1 and KIR2DP1 might confer a protective status against chronic HBV infection in Burkina Faso’s patients.
DEFERASIROX: OVER A DECADE OF EXPERIENCE IN THALASSEMIA
Authors: Taher Ali
Published: November 2018

Thalassemia incorporates a broad clinical spectrum characterized by decreased or absent production of normal hemoglobin leading to decreased red blood cell survival and ineffective erythropoiesis. Chronic iron overload remains an inevitable complication resulting from regular blood transfusions (transfusion-dependent) and/or increased iron absorption (mainly non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia), requiring adequate treatment to prevent the significant associated morbidity and mortality. Iron chelation therapy has become a cornerstone in the management of thalassemia patients, leading to improvements in their outcome and quality of life. Deferasirox, an oral iron chelating agent is approved for use in transfusion dependent and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia and has shown excellent efficacy in this setting. We herein present an updated review of the role of deferasirox in thalassemia, exploring over a decade of experience, which has documented its effectiveness and convenience; in addition to its manageable safety profile.

Keywords: iron overload, iron chelation therapy, transfusion-dependent thalassemia, non-transfusion dependent thalassemia, serum ferritin, liver iron concentration, deferasirox
Megakaryocyte contribution to bone marrow fibrosis: many arrows in the quiver
Authors: Malara Alessandro , Abbonante Vittorio , Zingariello Maria , Franco Migliaccio Anna Rita , Balduini Alessandra
Published: November 2018

In Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), megakaryocyte dysplasia/hyperplasia determines the release of inflammatory cytokines that, in turn, stimulate stromal cells and induce bone marrow fibrosis. The pathogenic mechanism and the cells responsible for progression to bone marrow fibrosis in PMF are not completely understood. This review article aims to provide an overview of the crucial role of megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis by discussing the role and the altered secretion of megakaryocyte-derived soluble factors, enzymes and extracellular matrices that are known to induce bone marrow fibrosis. Additionally, we describe recent evidences showing that the role of megakaryocytes in tissue fibrosis is not limited to the bone marrow.
The boundary model for the continuous cohomology of Isom$^+ (\mathbb H^n)$
Authors: Pieters Hester
Published: November 2018

We prove that the continuous cohomology of Isom

^+ (\mathbb H^n)

can be measurably realized on the boundary of hyperbolic space. This implies in particular that for Isom

^+ (\mathbb H^n)

the comparison map from continuous bounded cohomology to continuous cohomology is injective in degree 3. We furthermore prove a stability result for the continuous bounded cohomology of Isom

(\mathbb H^n)

and Isom

(\mathbb H^n_\mathbb C)

.
Cocompact cubulations of mixed 3-manifolds
Authors: Tidmore Joseph
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we complete the classification of which compact 3-manifolds have a virtually compact special fundamental group by addressing the case of mixed 3-manifolds. A compact aspherical 3-manifold

M

is mixed if its JSJ decomposition has at least one JSJ torus and at least one hyperbolic block. We show

\pi_1M

is virtually compact special if and only if

M

is chargeless, i.e. each interior Seifert fibered block has a trivial Euler number relative to the fibers of adjacent blocks.
Relations between counting functions on free groups and free monoids
Authors: Hartnick Tobias , Talambutsa Alexey
Published: November 2018

We study counting functions on the free groups

F_n

and free monoids

M_n

for

n \geq 2

, which we introduce for combinatorial approach to famous Brooks quasimorphisms on free groups. Two counting functions are considered equivalent if they differ by a bounded function. We find the complete set of linear relations between equivalence classes of counting functions and apply this result to construct an explicit basis for the vector space of such equivalence classes. Moreover, we provide a simple graphical algorithm to determine whether two given counting functions are equivalent. In particular, this yields an algorithm to decide whether two linear combinations of Brooks quasimorphisms on

F_n

represent the same class in bounded cohomology.
Dynamic Analysis of Linke Hofmann Busch Coach and Determination of its Sensitive Design Parameters Considering Suspended Equipments
Authors: Singh S.D. , Mathur Rakesh , Srivastava R.K.
Published: November 2018

This study aims at dynamic behaviour of a Linke Hofmann Busch coach and its sensitive parameters against track irregularities considering various suspended equipment. The randomly distributed track irregularities characterized in terms of Indian Rail Road PSD standard are considered main source of excitation that produces undesired vibrations. The coach body and bogie frame subjected to 4 degree of freedom motions (bounce, lateral, roll and pitch) are modelled using finite element methodology where system matrices such as mass, stiffness and damping matrices are obtained for eigenvalue solution. Using modal parameters obtained as above and PSD of track irregularities, both vertical and lateral mean square acceleration responses (MSAR) are determined at various points of concern on coach body. It is observed that the vertical peak responses occur in low frequency range (0-10 Hz) which is caused by long wavelength irregularities of track that causes discomfort. It is also observed that constant peak lateral responses occur at still lower frequency as compared to vertical response which again causes discomfort to vehicle riders. This concludes that there is a further scope of improvement in comfort level with minor adjustments of suspended equipment of a LHB coach. A sensitivity analysis based on the partial derivatives against FRF displacement is conducted and most sensitive design parameters are obtained for optimization to improve ride comfort. It is suggested that if the mass of bio toilet tanks and relative position of battery box + transformer unit i.e. most sensitive parameters of suspended equipment are changed then the ride comfort can be improved
Study and Realization of a Driver Assistive System for Control of Instantaneous Center of Rotation in an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Saidi Hemza , Boualem Djebri
Published: November 2018

The stability of electric vehicles is difficult during their mobility on a curved trajectory with several driving wheels. This problem causes a danger for the electric vehicle stability due to the effect of the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR). The desire to have more safety in this type of vehicle encourages us to develop a driving assistive system to reduce the effects of ICR in two wheels drive electric vehicles using Arduino and a LabVIEW interface for data processing that help to control the vehicle on the road. Analytical solutions and their implementations are demonstrated through experimental testing in a laboratory scale.
Effect of Premixed Diesel Fumigation on Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Gowthaman S. , Sravan P.
Published: November 2018

The effect of premixed diesel fumigation (PDF) on performance and emissions characteristics of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine and optimisation of the diesel fumigation temperature are prime focus of this study. The experimental investigations were carried on single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, port injected Kirloskar SV1 engine. For this research, the engine was modified as HCCI engine with electric air heater, fixed at suction pipe. During the experimental investigation the diesel fuel was premixed by the port injector and vaporised or fumigated the fuel by heated suction air. After heating process, the diesel has changed its phase and mixed with air and form partially homogenous mixture. During the test, the engine was operated with different diesel fumigation temperature from 100ï‚°C to 150ï‚°C in steps of 10ï‚°C and observed the performance and emissions characteristics of the engine. The effective diesel fumigation temperature for creating better homogeneous charge is identified. The diesel fumigation made huge impact on NOx and smoke formation. The level of NOx and smoke emissions were decreased simultaneously as 10% and 16% compared to compression ignition (CI) engine. At the same time, the HCCI engine has emitted high CO and HC emissions at low fumigation temperatures and they were reduced at high fumigation temperatures, because of improved combustion. The suction air temperatures of 120ï‚°C and 130ï‚°C for the HCCI engine registered low NOx and smoke emissions. From the performance point of view, the HCCI engine consumed much more fuel due to low volumetric efficiency and slightly affected the brake thermal efficiency.
Ice-nucleating ability of aerosol particles and possible sources at three coastal marine sites
Authors: Si Meng , Irish Victoria E. , Mason Ryan H. , Vergara-Temprado Jesús , Hanna Sarah J. , Ladino Luis A. , Yakobi-Hancock Jacqueline D. , Schiller Corinne L. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Carslaw Ken S. , Murray Benjamin J. , Bertram Allan K.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Despite the importance of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) for climate and
precipitation, our understanding of these particles is far from complete.
Here, we investigated INPs at three coastal marine sites in Canada, two at
mid-latitude (Amphitrite Point and Labrador Sea) and one in the Arctic
(Lancaster Sound). For Amphitrite Point, 23 sets of samples were analyzed,
and for Labrador Sea and Lancaster Sound, one set of samples was analyzed for
each location. At all three sites, the ice-nucleating ability on a per number
basis (expressed as the fraction of aerosol particles acting as an INP) was
strongly dependent on the particle size. For example, at diameters of around
0.2 µm, approximately 1 in 106 particles acted as an INP
at −25 ∘C, while at diameters of around 8 µm, approximately
1 in 10 particles acted as an INP at −25 ∘C. The
ice-nucleating ability on a per surface-area basis (expressed as the surface
active site density, ns) was also dependent on the particle size,
with larger particles being more efficient at nucleating ice. The ns
values of supermicron particles at Amphitrite Point and Labrador Sea were
larger than previously measured ns values of sea spray aerosols,
suggesting that sea spray aerosols were not a major contributor to the
supermicron INP population at these two sites. Consistent with this
observation, a global model of INP concentrations under-predicted the INP
concentrations when assuming only marine organics as INPs. On the other hand,
assuming only K-feldspar as INPs, the same model was able to reproduce the
measurements at a freezing temperature of −25 ∘C, but
under-predicted INP concentrations at −15 ∘C, suggesting
that the model is missing a source of INPs active at a freezing temperature
of −15 ∘C.
Trends in air pollutants and health impacts in three Swedish cities over the past three decades
Authors: Olstrup Henrik , Forsberg Bertil , Orru Hans , Spanne Mårten , Nguyen Hung , Molnár Peter , Johansson Christer
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Air pollution concentrations have been decreasing in many cities in the
developed countries. We have estimated time trends and health effects
associated with exposure to NOx, NO2,
O3, and PM10 (particulate matter) in the Swedish cities Stockholm, Gothenburg, and
Malmö from the 1990s to 2015. Trend analyses of concentrations have been
performed by using the Mann–Kendall test and the Theil–Sen method. Measured
concentrations are from central monitoring stations representing urban
background levels, and they are assumed to indicate changes in long-term
exposure to the population. However, corrections for population exposure have
been performed for NOx, O3, and PM10 in
Stockholm, and for NOx in Gothenburg. For
NOx and PM10, the concentrations at the central
monitoring stations are shown to overestimate exposure when compared to
dispersion model calculations of spatially resolved, population-weighted
exposure concentrations, while the reverse applies to O3. The
trends are very different for the pollutants that are studied;
NOx and NO2 have been decreasing in all cities,
O3 exhibits an increasing trend in all cities, and for PM10,
there is a slowly decreasing trend in Stockholm, a slowly increasing trend in
Gothenburg, and no significant trend in Malmö. Trends associated with
NOxand NO2 are mainly attributed to local emission
reductions from traffic. Long-range transport and local emissions from road
traffic (non-exhaust PM emissions) and residential wood combustion are the
main sources of PM10. For O3, the trends are affected by
long-range transport, and there is a net removal of O3 in the
cities. The increasing trends are attributed to decreased net removal, as
NOx emissions have been reduced. Health effects in terms of changes in life expectancy are calculated based
on the trends in exposure to NOx, NO2, O3, and PM10 and
the relative risks associated with exposure to these pollutants. The
decreased levels of NOx are estimated to increase the life expectancy
by up to 11 months for Stockholm and 12 months for Gothenburg. This
corresponds to up to one-fifth of the total increase in life expectancy
(54–70 months) in the cities during the period of 1990–2015. Since the
increased concentrations in O3 have a relatively small impact on the
changes in life expectancy, the overall net effect is increased life
expectancies in the cities that have been studied.
High variability of particulate organic carbon export along the North Atlantic GEOTRACES section GA01 as deduced from 234Th fluxes
Authors: Lemaitre Nolwenn , Planchon Frédéric , Planquette Hélène , Dehairs Frank , Fonseca-Batista Debany , Roukaerts Arnout , Deman Florian , Tang Yi , Mariez Clarisse , Sarthou Géraldine
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In this study we report particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes for
different biogeochemical basins in the North Atlantic as part of the
GEOTRACES GA01 expedition (GEOVIDE, May–June 2014). Surface POC export
fluxes were deduced by combining export fluxes of total Thorium-234
(234Th) with the ratio of POC to 234Th of sinking
particles at the depth of export. Particles were collected in two size
classes (>53 and 1–53 µm) using in situ pumps and the large
size fraction was considered representative of sinking material. Surface POC
export fluxes revealed latitudinal variations between provinces, ranging from
1.4 mmol m−2 d−1 in the Irminger basin, where the bloom was
close to its maximum, to 12 mmol m−2 d−1 near the Iberian
Margin, where the bloom had already declined. In addition to the state of
progress of the bloom, variations of the POC export fluxes were also related
to the phytoplankton size and community structure. In line with previous
studies, the presence of coccolithophorids and diatoms appeared to enhance
the POC export flux, while the dominance of picophytoplankton cells, such as
cyanobacteria, resulted in lower fluxes. The ratio of POC export to primary
production (PP) strongly varied regionally and was generally low (≤14 %), except at two stations located near the Iberian Margin (35 %)
and within the Labrador basin (38 %), which were characterized by unusual
low in situ PP. We thus conclude that during the GEOVIDE cruise, the North
Atlantic was not as efficient in exporting carbon from the surface, as
reported earlier by others. Finally, we also estimated the POC export at
100 m below the surface export depth to investigate the POC transfer
efficiencies. This parameter was also highly variable amongst regions, with
the highest transfer efficiency at sites where coccolithophorids dominated.
Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle
Authors: Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Zeng Guang , Ximenes Fabiano , Giltrap Donna L. , Zeldis John R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The main components of global carbon budget calculations are the emissions from burning fossil fuels, cement production, and net land-use change, partly balanced by ocean CO2 uptake and CO2 increase in the atmosphere. The remaining difference between these terms is referred to as the residual sink, assumed to correspond to increasing carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere (ΔB). It is often used to constrain carbon exchange in global earth-system models. More broadly, it guides expectations of autonomous changes in global carbon stocks in response to climatic changes, including increasing CO2, that may add to, or subtract from, anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, a budget with only these terms omits some important additional fluxes that are important for correctly inferring ΔB. They are cement carbonation and fluxes into increasing pools of plastic, bitumen, harvested-wood products, and landfill deposition after disposal of these products, and carbon fluxes to the oceans via wind erosion and non-CO2 fluxes of the intermediate break-down products of methane and other volatile organic compounds. While the global budget includes river transport of dissolved inorganic carbon it omits river transport of dissolved and particulate organic carbon, and the deposition of carbon in inland water bodies. Each one of these terms is relatively small, but together they can constitute important additional fluxes that would significantly reduce the size of the inferred ΔB. We estimate here that inclusion of these fluxes would reduce ΔB from the currently reported 3.6 down to only about 2.1 GtC yr−1 (excluding losses from land-use change). The implicit reduction in the size of ΔB has important implications for the inferred magnitude of current-day biospheric net carbon uptake and the consequent potential of future biospheric feedbacks to amplify or negate net anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai and Yellow Seas
Authors: Tian Ye , Xue Chao , Liu Chun-Ying , Yang Gui-Peng , Li Pei-Feng , Feng Wei-Hua , Bange Hermann W.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived compound of the marine nitrogen cycle; however, our knowledge about its oceanic distribution and pathways is rudimentary. Here we present the measurements of dissolved NO in the surface and bottom layers at 75 stations in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) in June 2011. Moreover, NO photoproduction rates were determined at 27 stations in both seas. The NO concentrations in the surface and bottom layers were highly variable and ranged from below the detection limit (i.e. 32 pmol L−1) to 616 pmol L−1 in the surface layer and to 482 pmol L−1 in the bottom layer. There was no significant difference between the mean NO concentrations in the surface (186 ± 108 pmol L−1) and bottom (174 ± 123 pmol L−1) layers. A decreasing trend of NO bottom layer concentrations salinity indicates a NO input by submarine groundwater discharge. NO in the surface layer was supersaturated at all stations during both day and night and therefore the BS and YS were a persistent source of NO to the atmosphere at the time of our measurements. The accumulation of NO during daytime was resulting from photochemical production and photoprodcution rates were correlated to illuminance. The persistent nighttime NO supersaturation pointed to a, so far unknown, NO dark production. NO sea-to-air flux densities were much lower than the NO photoproduction rates. Therefore, we conclude that the bulk of the NO produced in the mixed layer was rapidly consumed before its release to the atmosphere. Overall, the oceanic NO emissions to the atmosphere were negligible compared to anthropogenic NOx sources such as emissions from ships.
Effect of high dust amount on surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum: a modelling study using MIROC-ESM
Authors: Ohgaito Rumi , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , O'ishi Ryouta , Takemura Toshihiko , Ito Akinori , Hajima Tomohiro , Watanabe Shingo , Kawamiya Michio
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The effect of aerosols is one of many uncertain factors in projections of
future climate. However, the behaviour of mineral dust aerosols (dust) can be
investigated within the context of past climate change. The Last Glacial
Maximum (LGM) is known to have had enhanced dust deposition in comparison
with the present, especially over polar regions. Using the Model for
Interdisciplinary Research on Climate Earth System Model (MIROC-ESM), we
conducted a standard LGM experiment following the protocol of the
Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3 and sensitivity
experiments. We imposed glaciogenic dust on the standard LGM experiment and
investigated the impacts of glaciogenic dust and non-glaciogenic dust
on the LGM climate. Global mean radiative perturbations by glaciogenic and
non-glaciogenic dust were both negative, consistent with previous studies.
However, glaciogenic dust behaved differently in specific regions; e.g. it
resulted in less cooling over the polar regions. One of the major reasons for
reduced cooling is the ageing of snow or ice, which results in albedo
reduction via high dust deposition, especially near sources of high
glaciogenic dust emission. Although the net radiative perturbations in the
lee of high glaciogenic dust provenances are negative, warming by the ageing of
snow overcomes this radiative perturbation in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, the radiative perturbation due to high dust loading in the
troposphere acts to warm the surface in areas surrounding Antarctica,
primarily via the longwave aerosol–cloud interaction of dust, and it is
likely the result of the greenhouse effect attributable to the enhanced cloud
fraction in the upper troposphere. Although our analysis focused mainly on
the results of experiments using the atmospheric part of the MIROC-ESM, we
also conducted full MIROC-ESM experiments for an initial examination of the
effect of glaciogenic dust on the oceanic general circulation module. A
long-term trend of enhanced warming was observed in the Northern Hemisphere
with increased glaciogenic dust; however, the level of warming around
Antarctica remained almost unchanged, even after extended coupling with the
ocean.
Bayesian earthquake dating and seismic hazard assessment using chlorine-36 measurements (BED v1)
Authors: Beck Joakim , Wolfers Sören , Roberts Gerald P.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Over the past 20 years,
analyzing the abundance of the isotope chlorine-36 (36Cl) has emerged
as a popular tool for geologic dating. In particular, it has been observed
that 36Cl measurements along a fault plane can be used to study the
timings of past ground displacements during earthquakes, which in turn can be
used to improve existing seismic hazard assessment. This approach requires
accurate simulations of 36Cl accumulation for a set of fault-scarp
rock samples, which are progressively exhumed during earthquakes, in order to
infer displacement histories from 36Cl measurements. While the
physical models underlying such simulations have continuously been improved,
the inverse problem of recovering displacement histories from 36Cl
measurements is still mostly solved on an ad hoc basis. The current work
resolves this situation by providing a MATLAB implementation of a fast,
automatic, and flexible Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the
inverse problem, and provides a validation of the 36Cl approach to
inference of earthquakes from the demise of the Last Glacial Maximum until
present. To demonstrate its performance, we apply our algorithm to a
synthetic case to verify identifiability, and to the Fiamignano and Frattura
faults in the Italian Apennines in order to infer their earthquake
displacement histories and to provide seismic hazard assessments. The results
suggest high variability in slip rates for both faults, and large
displacements on the Fiamignano fault at times when the Colosseum and other
ancient buildings in Rome were damaged.
CORDEX-WRF v1.3: Development of a module for theWeather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to support the CORDEX
community
Authors: Fita Lluís , Polcher Jan , Giannaros Theodore M. , Lorenz Torge , Milovac Josipa , Sofiadis Giannis , Katragkou Eleni , Bastin Sophie
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) is a scientific effort of the World Climate Research Program (WRCP) for the coordination of regional climate initiatives. In order to accept an experiment, CORDEX provides experiment guidelines, specifications of regional domains and data access/archiving. CORDEX experiments are important to study climate at the regional scale, and at the same time, they also have a very prominent goal in providing regional climate data of high quality. Data requirements are intended to cover all the possible needs of stake holders, and scientists working on climate change mitigation and adaptation policies in various scientific communities. The required data and diagnostics are grouped into different levels of frequency, priority, and some of them even have to be provided as statistics (minimum, maximum, mean) over different time periods. Most commonly, scientists need to post-process the raw output of regional climate models, since the latter was not originally designed to meet the specific CORDEX data requirements. This post-processing procedure includes the computation of diagnostics, statistics, and final homogenization of the data, which is often computationally costly and time consuming. Therefore, the development of specialized software and/or code is required. The current paper presents the development of a specialized module (version 1.3) for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, capable of outputting the required CORDEX variables. Additional diagnostic variables not required by CORDEX, but of potential interest to the regional climate modeling community, are also included in the module. Generic definitions of variables are adopted in order to overcome model and/or physics parameterization dependence of certain diagnostics and variables, thus facilitating a robust comparison among simulations. The module is computationally optimized, and the output is divided in different priority levels following CORDEX specifications (Core, Tier1, and additional) by selecting pre-compilation flags. This implementation of the module does not add a significant extra cost when running the model, for example the addition of the Core variables slows the model time-step by less than a 5 %. The use of the module reduces the requirements of disk storage by about a 50 %.
A General Analytical Model for Head Response to Oscillatory Pumping in Unconfined Aquifers: Consider the Effects of Delayed Gravity Drainage and Initial Condition
Authors: Huang Ching-Sheng , Tsai Ya-Hsin , Yeh Hund-Der , Yang Tao
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Oscillatory pumping test (OPT) is an alternative to constant-head and constant-rate pumping tests for determining aquifer hydraulic parameters without net water extraction. There is a large number of analytical models presented for the analysis of OPT. The combined effects of delayed gravity drainage (DGD) and initial condition regarding the hydraulic head are commonly neglected in the existing models. This study aims to develop a new model for describing the hydraulic head fluctuation induced by OPT in an unconfined aquifer. The model contains a groundwater flow equation with the initial condition of static water table, Neumann boundary condition specified at the rim of a finite-radius well, and a free surface equation describing water table motion with the DGD effect. The solution of the model is derived by the Laplace transform, finite integral transform, and Weber transform. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for exploring head response to the change in each of hydraulic parameters. Results suggest the DGD reduces to instantaneous gravity drainage in predicting transient head fluctuation when dimensionless parameter a1 = εSyb/Kz exceeds 500 with empirical constant ε, specific yield Sy, aquifer thickness b, and vertical hydraulic conductivity Kz. The water table can be regarded as a no-flow boundary when a1