bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the parent‐child relationship on psychological and social resilience in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Tillery Rachel , Willard Victoria W. , Howard Sharp Katianne M. , Klages Kimberly L. , Long Alanna M. , Phipps Sean
Published: October 2019

Objectives

The primary objective of this research was to examine patterns of parent‐child relationship functioning among pediatric cancer survivors and their caregivers across a variety of relationship indicators (ie, Involvement, Attachment, Communication, Parenting Confidence, and Relational Frustration), and evaluate how these factors relate to psychosocial outcomes in survivors.

Methods

Young survivors aged 10 to 18 and their caregivers (N = 165) completed measures related to posttraumatic stress and general distress. Caregivers also completed assessments of parent‐child relationship functioning, and survivors completed assessments of social functioning. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify patterns of relationship functioning. Medical, demographic, and parent functioning variables were examined as predictors, and youth's psychological and social functioning were examined as outcomes.

Results

A three‐class solution was the best fit to the data. The struggling parent‐child relationship profile (15%) evidenced below average levels of parent‐child relationship functioning across several domains. The normative parent‐child relationship (60%), was characterized by average levels of parent‐child relationship functioning across all domains. Finally, the high‐involved parent‐child relationship profile (25%) demonstrated above average levels of parent‐child relationship functioning in involved activities, communication, and attachment and normative levels of functioning across all other domains. Medical and parent functioning factors predicted profile membership. In turn, profile membership was associated with survivor psychological and social outcomes.

Conclusion

Findings document the importance of extending existing research to examine patterns of parent‐child relationship functioning, which may serve as a clinically relevant target to improve psychological and social outcomes in young survivors of childhood cancer.
The role of masculinities in psychological and emotional help seeking by men with prostate cancer
Authors: Goodwin Belinda C. , Ralph Nicholas , Ireland Michael J. , Hyde Melissa K. , Oliffe John L. , Dunn Jeff , Chambers Suzanne
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess the impact of demographic characteristics and masculinities on seeking support for psychosocial care needs in men with prostate cancer.

Methods

Prostate cancer survivors (n = 225) completed mail‐out surveys measuring psychological care needs, masculinities, and psychological and emotional help‐seeking intention and behaviour at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups.

Results

Older age was associated with seeking help from a general practitioner (GP), χ2 (1,225) = 4.72, P = .03, and being born overseas was associated with seeking peer support (1,225) = 7.13, P = .01. Men with higher levels of optimistic action who reported moderate to high unmet psychological need were less likely to seek help for psychological and emotional concerns at 6‐ (odds ratio [OR] = 0.06, confidence interval [CI], 0.01‐0.46) and 12‐month (OR = 0.13, CI, 0.26‐0.65) follow‐ups.

Conclusions

Optimistic action may explain why some men with prostate cancer fail to seek help for their psychological care needs. Clinicians should be aware that men with chronic illness who appear to approach challenges with optimistic action may in fact be less likely to seek psychological help when needed.
Validation of a biopsychosocial distress screening tool, “You, Your Family and COH Are a Team”
Authors: Wong F. Lennie , Stiller Tracey , Obenchain Richard , David Cristina , Patel Sunita K. , Xie Bin , Loscalzo Matthew , Clark Karen
Published: October 2019

Objective

We examined the psychometric properties of a biopsychosocial screening tool “You, Your Family and City of Hope are a Team” implemented via touchpad technology (YYFcore03) at a cancer center in newly diagnosed patients and patients on active treatment, with the primary objective to evaluate concurrent validity with screening criterion measures of depression and anxiety.

Methods

YYFcore03, Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9], and Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD‐7] were administered to 608 patients in out‐patient clinics. A subset of 158 patients responding a second time to YYFcore03 at a subsequent visit were included for assessing reliability. Exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to identify underlying factors. The identified factor of psychological distress (PD) was then correlated with PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 for concurrent validity and to estimate sensitivity‐specificity. Demographic and clinical variables associated with the PD score were identified. Test‐retest reliability of PD score was examined.

Results

Factor analysis suggested three factors, including PD. Correlations between PD score and PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 were 0.63 and 0.67, respectively. Treating PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 as criterion measures, PD score had a sensitivity of 0.77 for identifying depression and 0.86 for identifying anxiety. Younger age, lower household income, and cancer (vs noncancer) diagnosis were independently associated with worse PD score. Omega total for composite reliability was 0.88; intraclass correlation was 0.78.

Conclusions

The YYFcore03 administered via touchpad is a valid instrument for identifying PD in newly diagnosed patients and patients undergoing active treatment.
Docetaxel/cabazitaxel and fatty acid binding protein 5 inhibitors produce synergistic inhibition of prostate cancer growth
Authors: Carbonetti Gregory , Converso Cynthia , Clement Timothy , Wang Changwei , Trotman Lloyd C , Ojima Iwao , Kaczocha Martin
Published: October 2019

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second leading cause of cancer‐related death among men. Taxanes, such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel are utilized in standard treatment regimens for chemotherapy naïve castration‐resistant PCa. However, tumors often develop resistance to taxane chemotherapeutics, highlighting a need to identify additional therapeutic targets. Fatty acid‐binding protein 5 (FABP5) is an intracellular lipid carrier whose expression is upregulated in metastatic PCa and increases cell growth, invasion, and tumor formation. Here, we assessed whether FABP5 inhibitors synergize with semi‐synthetic taxanes to induce cytotoxicity in vitro and attenuate tumor growth in vivo.

Methods

PC3, DU‐145, and 22Rv1 PCa cells were incubated with FABP5 inhibitors Stony Brook fatty acid‐binding protein inhibitor 102 (SBFI‐102) or SBFI‐103 in the presence or absence of docetaxel or cabazitaxel, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Cytotoxicity of SBFI‐102 and SBFI‐103 was also evaluated in noncancerous cells. For the in vivo studies, PC3 cells were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c nude mice, which were subsequently treated with FABP5 inhibitors, docetaxel, or a combination of both.

Results

SBFI‐102 and SBFI‐103 produced cytotoxicity in the PCa cells. Coincubation of the PCa cells with FABP5 inhibitors and docetaxel or cabazitaxel produced synergistic cytotoxic effects in vitro. Treatment of mice with FABP5 inhibitors reduced tumor growth and a combination of FABP5 inhibitors with a submaximal dose of docetaxel reduced tumor growth to a larger extent than treatment with each drug alone.

Conclusions

FABP5 inhibitors increase the cytotoxic and tumor‐suppressive effects of taxanes in PCa cells. The ability of these drugs to synergize could permit more efficacious antitumor activity while allowing for dosages of docetaxel or cabazitaxel to be lowered, potentially decreasing taxane‐resistance.
Quinclorac resistance in Echinochloa phyllopogon is associated with reduced ethylene synthesis rather than enhanced cyanide detoxification by β‐cyanoalanine synthase
Authors: Chayapakdee Pattarasuda , Sunohara Yukari , Endo Masaki , Yamaguchi Takuya , Fan Longjiang , Uchino Akira , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Iwakami Satoshi
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Multiple herbicide resistant Echinochloa phyllopogon exhibits resistance to the auxin herbicide quinclorac. Previous research observed enhanced activity of the cyanide‐detoxifying enzyme β‐cyanoalanine synthase (β‐CAS) and reduced ethylene production in the resistant line, suggesting β‐CAS‐mediated cyanide detoxification and insensitivity to quinclorac stimulation as the resistance mechanisms. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of quinclorac resistance, we characterized the β‐CAS genes alongside plant transformation studies. The association of β‐CAS activity and ethylene production to quinclorac resistance was assayed in the F6 progeny of susceptible and resistant lines of E. phyllopogon.

RESULTS

A single nucleotide polymorphism in a β‐CAS1 intron deleted aberrantly spliced mRNAs and enhanced β‐CAS activity in the resistant line. The enhanced activity, however, was not associated with quinclorac resistance in F6 lines. The results were supported by lack of quinclorac resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing E. phyllopogon β‐CAS1 and no difference in quinclorac sensitivity between β‐CAS knockout and wild‐type rice. Reduced ethylene production co‐segregated with quinclorac resistance in F6 lines which were previously characterized to be resistant to other herbicides by an enhanced metabolism.

CONCLUSION

β‐CAS does not participate in quinclorac sensitivity in E. phyllopogon. Our results suggest that a mechanism(s) leading to reduced ethylene production is behind the resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Absolute quantification of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and the diagnostic efficacy of acute kidney injury
Authors: Ji Huoyan , Xu Lili , Su Jianyou , Shen Lei , Wang Huimin , Wang Jianxin , Wang Feng , Ju Shaoqin
Published: October 2019

Rationale

To establish an absolute quantification method for neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy for acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

Three target peptides of NGA were prescreened by Skyline software, and two of them could be detected in tryptic peptides of NGAL recombinant protein and human urinary NGAL (uNGAL). Peptide (WYVVGLAGNAILR) was then selected as surrogate peptide. The corresponding isotope‐labeled peptide as the internal standard was next synthesized. Quantification of uNGAL was based on equations of linear regression, and method validation was then conducted. The diagnostic efficacy of uNGAL for AKI was also evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Lastly, the UHPLC/MS/MS and the particle‐enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) methods for uNGAL quantification were compared.

Results

For the y9 and y10 product ions, the linear regression equations were y = 2.5519x–4.6955 (R2 = 0.994, P<.01) and y = 2.4619x–4.3 (R2 =0.993, P<.01), respectively, and both of the linear ranges were from 0.5 to 15 mg/L. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.037 mg/L and 0.081 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries were from 97.32% to 107.28% at different uNGAL levels, and the within‐ and between‐day CVs for uNGAL quantification were from 0.22% to 7.65% and from 0.66% to 5.97%, respectively. The carryover rates of uNGAL were in the range of 0.70%–0.99%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of uNGAL was 0.96 (P<0.01), and the sensitivity and specificity of uNGAL for AKI diagnosis were 90.0% and 92.5%, respectively. In addition, the UHPLC/MS/MS and PETIA methods showed good agreement for uNGAL quantification (y = 0.7112x–0.0139, P = 0.34).

Conclusions

The UHPLC/MS/MS method for uNGAL quantification has a wide linear range, high sensitivity, precision, and recovery, and low carryover rates, and uNGAL detected by this method had high sensitivity and specificity for AKI diagnosis.
Confidence, prediction, and tolerance in linear mixed models
Authors: Francq Bernard G. , Lin Dan , Hoyer Walter
Published: October 2019

The literature about Prediction Interval (PI) and Tolerance Interval (TI) in linear mixed models is usually developed for specific designs, which is a main limitation to their use. This paper proposes to reformulate the two‐sided PI to be generalizable under a wide variety of designs (one random factor, nested and crossed designs for multiple random factors, and balanced or unbalanced designs). This new methodology is based on the Hessian matrix, namely, the inverse of (observed) Fisher Information matrix, and is built with a cell mean model. The degrees of freedom for the total variance are calculated with the generalized Satterthwaite method and compared to the Kenward‐Roger's degrees of freedom for fixed effects. Construction of two‐sided TIs are also detailed with one random factor, and two nested and two crossed random variables. An extensive simulation study is carried out to compare the widths and coverage probabilities of Confidence Intervals (CI), PIs, and TIs to their nominal levels. It shows excellent coverage whatever the design and the sample size are. Finally, these CIs, PIs, and TIs are applied to two real data sets: one from orthopedic surgery study (intralesional resection risk) and the other from assay validation study during vaccine development.
Generalized pairwise comparison methods to analyze (non)prioritized composite endpoints
Authors: Verbeeck J. , Spitzer E. , de Vries T. , van Es G.A. , Anderson W. N. , Van Mieghem N.M. , Leon M.B. , Molenberghs G. , Tijssen J.
Published: October 2019

In the analysis of composite endpoints in a clinical trial, time to first event analysis techniques such as the logrank test and Cox proportional hazard test do not take into account the multiplicity, importance, and the severity of events in the composite endpoint. Several generalized pairwise comparison analysis methods have been described recently that do allow to take these aspects into account. These methods have the additional benefit that all types of outcomes can be included, such as longitudinal quantitative outcomes, to evaluate the full treatment effect. Four of the generalized pairwise comparison methods, ie, the Finkelstein‐Schoenfeld, the Buyse, unmatched Pocock, and adapted O'Brien test, are summarized. They are compared to each other and to the logrank test by means of simulations while specifically evaluating the effect of correlation between components of the composite endpoint on the power to detect a treatment difference. These simulations show that prioritized generalized pairwise comparison methods perform very similarly, are sensitive to the priority rank of the components in the composite endpoint, and do not measure the true treatment effect from the second priority‐ranked component onward. The nonprioritized pairwise comparison test does not suffer from these limitations and correlation affects only its variance.
Focus on Spinel Li4Ti5O12 as Insertion Type Anode for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Natarajan Subramanian , Subramanyan Krishnan , Aravindan Vanchiappan
Published: October 2019

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) toward large‐scale energy storage applications has fascinated researchers in recent years owing to the low cost, environmental friendliness, and inestimable abundance. The similar chemical and electrochemical properties of sodium and lithium make sodium an easy substitute for lithium in lithium‐ion batteries. However, the main issues of limited cycle life, low energy density, and poor power density hamper the commercialization process. In the last few years, the development of electrode materials for SIBs has been dedicated to improving sodium storage capacities, high energy density, and long cycle life. The insertion type spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) possesses “zero‐strain” behavior that offers the best cycle life performance among all reported oxide‐based anodes, displaying a capacity of 155 mAh g−1 via a three‐phase separation mechanism, and competing for future topmost high energy anode for SIBs. Recent reports offer improvement of overall electrode performance through carbon coating, doping, composites with metal oxides, and surface modification techniques, etc. Further, LTO anode with its structure and properties for SIBs is described and effective methods to improve the LTO performance are discussed in both half‐cell and practical configuration, i.e., full‐cell, along with future perspectives and solutions to promote its use.
Highly Stable FAxMA1 − xPbI3 − xBrx–2P Precursor for Crystalizing High‐Quality, Large‐Area Perovskite Film in an Ambient Atmosphere
Authors: Tseng Zong-Liang , Chiang Chien-Hung , Wu Chun-Guey
Published: October 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the highly promising new‐generation photovoltaic technologies. One of the remaining challenges for commercializing PSCs is to prepare high‐quality, large‐area perovskite films in an ambient atmosphere reproducibly using less toxic materials. Herein, a nonvolatile, less toxic substance, 2‐pyrrolidinone (2P), is used as a complexant solvent for the perovskite precursor solution. Combining this with a newly developed spin‐assisted solvent extraction (SASE) crystallization method, a high‐quality perovskite film is prepared in air reproducibly. The nonvolatile nature of 2P and the formation of MAI–PbI2–2P adduct widen the time window for antisolvent engineering, and SASE enhances the solvent exchange rate of the precursor film to form a high‐quality perovskite film in air. An inverted cell (based on the postsolvent‐treated perovskite absorber) exhibits a power conversion efficiency of more than 18%. This film preparation method is feasible for depositing a high‐quality mixed‐cation or mixed‐cation, mixed‐halide perovskite film on both PEDOT:PSS and TiO2 surfaces to fabricate inverted and regular PSCs, respectively, to achieve efficiencies of more than 16%. More importantly, high‐quality, large‐area MAPbI3 film is prepared reproducibly in air for fabricating perovskite submodules to achieve an efficiency of 14% (verified at 13.04% after the cell is packed for efficiency evaluation).
Revisiting the molluscan fauna from the Cambrian (Series 2, stages 3–4) Xinji Formation of North China
Authors: Li Luoyang , Zhang Xingliang , Skovsted Christian B. , Yun Hao , Pan Bing , Li Guoxiang
Published: October 2019

A diverse group of molluscs from the Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3–4 Xinji Formation of the North China Block (NCB) is described, based on more than 4500 specimens from three well‐studied sections in Shaanxi and Henan provinces, along the southern and southwestern margin of theNCB. Twenty molluscan species are identified, including one bivalve, three stem group gastropods, and 16 additional helcionelloids. Among these, six helcionelloid species are reported from theNCBfor the first time, and one new species,Parailsanella luonanensissp. nov. is proposed. This diverse molluscan fauna shares a large number of species with contemporaneous faunas of South Australia (15), Antarctica (7), Laurentia (6), Siberia (3) and South China (1). Faunal similarities are even greater on a generic level. The striking similarities of the molluscan faunas of North China, South Australia and Antarctica strongly support the hypothesis that theNCBwas situated close to Eastern Gondwana, most likely close to South Australia in the Cambrian Epoch 2. In addition, well‐preserved shell attachment muscle scars were observed in the helcionelloidFigurina figurina, with two pairs of symmetrical, continuous, band‐like muscle scars, which are obviously different from the musculature of both gastropods and monoplacophorans. Because of this unique musculature, these characteristic Cambrian cap‐like molluscs are assigned to the Helcionelloida rather than to the Gastropoda or Monoplacophora.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging for intraoperative cancer delineation in transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Weyers Brent W. , Marsden Mark , Sun Tianchen , Bec Julien , Bewley Arnaud F. , Gandour‐Edwards Regina F. , Moore Michael G. , Farwell D. Gregory , Marcu Laura
Published: October 2019

This study evaluates the potential for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) to enhance intraoperative decisionmaking during robotic‐assisted surgery of oropharyngeal cancer. Using a custom built FLIm instrument integrated with the da Vinci robotic surgical platform, we first demonstrate that cancer in epithelial tissue diagnosed by histopathology can be differentiated from surrounding healthy epithelial tissue imaged in vivo prior to cancer resection and ex vivo on the excised specimen. Second, we study the fluorescence properties of tissue imaged in vivo at surgical resection margins (tumor bed). Fluorescence lifetimes and spectral intensity ratios were calculated for three spectral channels, producing a set of six FLIm parameters. Current results from 10 patients undergoing TORS procedures demonstrate that healthy epithelium can be resolved from cancer (P < .001) for at least one FLIm parameter. We also showed that a multiparameter linear discriminant analysis approach provides superior discrimination to individual FLIm parameters for tissue imaged both in vivo and ex vivo. Overall, this study highlights the potential for FLIm to be developed into a diagnostic tool for clinical cancer applications of the oropharynx. This technique could help to circumvent the issues posed by the lack of tactile feedback associated with robotic surgical platforms to better enable cancer delineation.
Fostering creativity and language skills of foreign language learners through SMART learning environments: Evidence from fifth‐grade Korean EFL learners
Authors: Huh Keun , Lee Jeongyi
Published: October 2019

Teachers are faced with the demand to teach their students to be competent individuals in the 21st century so that they are prepared for any challenges they may face in their lives. To meet this need, many educators have identified creativity as a necessary competence of the 21st century. To this end, integrating SMART (Self‐directed, Motivated, Adaptive, Resource‐enriched, and Technology‐embedded) education, which is a new paradigm of technology‐embedded learning, can help English language learners’ creativity as well as language development. Therefore, this study explored how SMART learning environments affect elementary English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ creativity and English ability. Twenty‐seven fifth‐grade EFL students participated in this study and were involved in creativity‐enhanced English activities for 12 weeks. Data include the results of students’ Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, English tests, and a perception survey. Paired‐samplest‐tests were conducted to compare the pretests and posttests for students’ creativity and English ability scores. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in the creative thinking skills of fluency, flexibility, and originality. In terms of English, students’ speaking and writing abilities showed meaningful improvement. Based on the findings, several suggestions are proposed for language teachers and teacher educators.
Revisiting Critical Literacy in the Digital Age
Authors: Burnett Cathy , Merchant Guy
Published: October 2019

In an age of environmental crisis, financial instability, widespread migration, and political extremism, the case for critical literacy is pressing. Navigating criticality in the digital age, however, is challenging, not least because digital media, digital devices, and digital architectures are implicated in broader social, cultural, commercial, and political activity. Critical literacy in this context needs to do more than focus on the significance of texts within networks of humans. The authors developed a model designed to support a relational approach to critical literacy, drawing on a sociomaterial perspective to consider how broader social‐material networks help generate meanings that may amplify, undermine, or contradict the activities of individuals and groups. The authors end with questions that provide a starting point for broadening the scope of critical literacy in education to reflect on relationships among people, texts, and materials across time and spaces.
Coaching and Professional Learning: Looking for Inspiration
Authors: Morgan Denise N. , Bates Celeste C. , Aker Lisa D. , Dawson Jaime , Doswell Becca D. , Lancaster Pam , Puig Enrique A. , Williams Jeff L.
Published: October 2019

Teaching is a profession that requires ongoing professional development and learning. This ongoing learning can take place in professional learning communities, structured professional development settings, and literacy coaching contexts. This department highlights the ongoing professional development of literacy teachers.
Computational prediction of protein–protein binding affinities
Authors: Siebenmorgen Till , Zacharias Martin
Published: October 2019

Protein–protein interactions form central elements of almost all cellular processes. Knowledge of the structure of protein–protein complexes but also of the binding affinity is of major importance to understand the biological function of protein–protein interactions. Even weak transient protein–protein interactions can be of functional relevance for the cell during signal transduction or regulation of metabolism. The structure of a growing number of protein–protein complexes has been solved in recent years. Combined with docking approaches or template‐based methods, it is possible to generate structural models of many putative protein–protein complexes or to design new protein–protein interactions. In order to evaluate the functional relevance of putative or predicted protein–protein complexes, realistic binding affinity prediction is of increasing importance. Several computational tools ranging from simple force‐field or knowledge‐based scoring of single protein–protein complexes to ensemble‐based approaches and rigorous binding free energy simulations are available to predict relative and absolute binding affinities of complexes. With a focus on molecular mechanics force‐field approaches the present review aims at presenting an overview on available methods and discussing advantages, approximations, and limitations of the various methods.

This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods

Software > Molecular Modeling
A review of approximate Bayesian computation methods via density estimation: Inference for simulator‐models
Authors: Grazian Clara , Fan Yanan
Published: October 2019

This paper provides a review of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods for carrying out Bayesian posterior inference, through the lens of density estimation. We describe several recent algorithms and make connection with traditional approaches. We show advantages and limitations of models based on parametric approaches and we then draw attention to developments in machine learning, which we believe have the potential to make ABC scalable to higher dimensions and may be the future direction for research in this area.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods < Algorithms

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis < Bayesian Methods and Theory

Statistical Models < Simulation Models
Science Data Products for AMPERE
Authors: Waters Colin L. , Anderson B. J. , Green D. L. , Korth H. , Barnes R. J. , Vanhamäki Heikki
Published: October 2019

Birkeland currents that flow in the auroral zones produce perturbation magnetic fields that may be detected using magnetometers onboard low-Earth orbit satellites. The Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) uses magnetic field data from the attitude control system of each Iridium satellite. These data are processed to obtain the location, intensity and dynamics of the Birkeland currents. The methodology is based on an orthogonal basis function expansion and associated data fitting. The theory of magnetic fields and currents on spherical shells provides the mathematical basis for generating the AMPERE science data products. The application of spherical cap harmonic basis and elementary current system methods to the Iridium data are discussed and the procedures for generating the AMPERE science data products are described.
ESA Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-comparison Exercise
Authors: Trenchi Lorenzo ,   The FAC-MICE Team, Kauristie K. , Käki S. , Vanhamäki Heikki , Juusola L. , Blagau Adrian , Vogt Joachim , Marghitu Octav , Dunlop M. W. , Yang Y.-Y. , Yang J.-Y. , Lühr Hermann , Kervalishvili Guram , Rauberg Jan , Stolle Claudia , Pakhotin Ivan P. , Mann Ian R. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J. , Wu Jiashu , Gjerloev J. , Ohtani S. , Friel M.
Published: October 2019

Various ESA projects and several proposals to first Swarm DISC Call for Ideas (May 2016) suggested possible evolution for the current Swarm Level 2 FAC products, and the implementation of quality flags for the FAC products. The Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-Comparison Exercise (FAC-MICE) consisted in comparison of the various methods to determine the FAC from Swarm data, with a test dataset of 28 Swarm auroral crossings delivered to participants last June. Eight groups performed the FAC-MICE analysis. The results of this exercise, discussed in the dedicated ‘Swarm Ionospheric Currents Products workshop’ in ESTEC on September 2017, highlighted the strengths of the various methods/approaches. Following discussion with the participants to this workshop, we are now working to develop an open source platform for user-definable FAC calculation.
Minimally invasive management of obesity: Pearls, pitfalls and experience in the Caribbean
Authors: Pran Lemuel , Dilip Dan
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Obesity is an epidemic with a worldwide distribution, which affects all ages. This lifestyle disease co-exists with other conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obstructive sleep apnoea. The surgical management of obesity has gone through several significant modifications and it is well accepted as a viable modality of treatment. The approach to the obese patient is multifaceted and as such a multidisciplinary approach is advocated. In the first world setting the holistic method is commonplace and easily facilitated, as these procedures are performed in high volume centres. In the Caribbean, there are many factors which have impeded the concept of surgical management of obesity. These include cultural attitudes toward obesity, economics, health care priorities in developing countries and patient compliance. Additionally, there is a lack of adjunct facilities which aid in the early detection and management of complications encountered after metabolic surgery. Despite these challenges there has been several publications documenting acceptable outcomes. The development of a Centre of Excellence for Bariatric Surgery is accompanied by numerous benefits and has the potential of overcoming obstacles encountered in the past.

Highlights:
Intestinal Evisceration in Children From the Bite of the Domestic Pig, Sus scrofa domesticus: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Mazingi Dennis S. , Mutambanengwe Precious , Zimunhu Taurai , Gwatirisa Tungamirai , Mbuwayesango Bothwell A. , Munanzvi Kudzayi , Muparadzi Constantine , Moyo Mugove , Mwanza Yvette
Published: October 2019

Pig bite injuries are an infrequently described consequence of human–animal conflict. The domestic pig is thought to be a placid animal not given to unprovoked aggression. We report 2 separate cases of children managed at our institution who sustained abdominal injuries after attack by domestic pigs in rural Zimbabwe. Both incidents occurred at home in remote rural areas with long prehospital transport times. Initial resuscitative interventions were performed in both cases in the prehospital setting and at poorly resourced peripheral hospitals before referral. Prophylactic antibiotics were also given in both cases. Laparotomy was performed for both patients. Reduction of eviscerated bowel, exploratory laparotomy, and peritoneal lavage were performed with closure of the abdominal wounds. No surgical site infections were encountered, and patients were subsequently discharged after an uneventful convalescence. Prehospital care is the crucial phase of management of these injuries, which frequently take place in remote, rural settings and usually have a long time to definitive intervention. Expeditious laparotomy and exploration are indicated, as well as meticulous attention to techniques to avert infectious complications. Despite the generally placid temperament of the domestic pig, their bite can result in grave injuries, including abdominal evisceration necessitating prompt referral and emergency laparotomy.
Compassionate design: considerations that impact the users’ dignity, empowerment and sense of security
Authors: Seshadri Priya , Joslyn Cole Hatfield , Hynes Morgan M. , Reid Tahira
Published: October 2019

Human-centered design provides a means to help designers create products or systems with ‘people’ as the focus.Compassionate Design (CD), introduced in this paper,is an approach that addresses niche sensitive needs and involves a way of thinking where designers pay special attention to the users’ sense of dignity, empowerment, and security.These niche needs surfaced as a result of analyses of 12 cases situated in sensitive contexts where the users felt vulnerable, had a high level of emotional engagement and were negatively affected by the situation. The designers described their deep concern for the users in various talks and interviews. This paper explains the conception of CD and its development that resulted from iteratively and qualitatively analyzing these cases in which designers were intuitively focusing on niche user needs. Dignity, empowerment and security form the basis of CD and have been contextualized in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs after they emerged as a result of the analysis of data. This research sets the platform for a design approach that can help designers to consider the often unarticulated user needs of dignity, empowerment and security, in a moreintentional manner and not be left to chance.
Correlation of prevention practices with rates of health care-associated Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Musuuza Jackson S. , McKinley Linda , Keating Julie A. , Obasi Chidi , Knobloch Mary Jo , Crnich Christopher , Evans Charlesnika T. , Evans Martin E. , Livorsi Daniel , Morgan Daniel J. , Perencevich Eli N. , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Schweizer Marin L. , Suda Katie J. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Safdar Nasia
Published: October 2019

Objective:

We examined Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) prevention practices and their relationship with hospital-onset healthcare facility-associated CDI rates (CDI rates) in Veterans Affairs (VA) acute-care facilities.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

From January 2017 to February 2017, we conducted an electronic survey of CDI prevention practices and hospital characteristics in the VA. We linked survey data with CDI rate data for the period January 2015 to December 2016. We stratified facilities according to whether their overall CDI rate per 10,000 bed days of care was above or below the national VA mean CDI rate. We examined whether specific CDI prevention practices were associated with an increased risk of a CDI rate above the national VA mean CDI rate.

Results:

All 126 facilities responded (100% response rate). Since implementing CDI prevention practices in July 2012, 60 of 123 facilities (49%) reported a decrease in CDI rates; 22 of 123 facilities (18%) reported an increase, and 41 of 123 (33%) reported no change. Facilities reporting an increase in the CDI rate (vs those reporting a decrease) after implementing prevention practices were 2.54 times more likely to have CDI rates that were above the national mean CDI rate. Whether a facility’s CDI rates were above or below the national mean CDI rate was not associated with self-reported cleaning practices, duration of contact precautions, availability of private rooms, or certification of infection preventionists in infection prevention.

Conclusions:

We found considerable variation in CDI rates. We were unable to identify which particular CDI prevention practices (i.e., bundle components) were associated with lower CDI rates.
Incidence and risk factors of non–device-associated pneumonia in an acute-care hospital
Authors: Strassle Paula D. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Klompas Michael , Lund Jennifer L. , Stewart Paul W. , Marx Ashley H. , DiBiase Lauren M. , Weber David J.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To update current estimates of non–device-associated pneumonia (ND pneumonia) rates and their frequency relative to ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and identify risk factors for ND pneumonia.

Design:

Cohort study.

Setting:

Academic teaching hospital.

Patients:

All adult hospitalizations between 2013 and 2017 were included. Pneumonia (device associated and non–device associated) were captured through comprehensive, hospital-wide active surveillance using CDC definitions and methodology.

Results:

From 2013 to 2017, there were 163,386 hospitalizations (97,485 unique patients) and 771 pneumonia cases (520 ND pneumonia and 191 VAP). The rate of ND pneumonia remained stable, with 4.15 and 4.54 ND pneumonia cases per 10,000 hospitalization days in 2013 and 2017 respectively (P= .65). In 2017, 74% of pneumonia cases were ND pneumonia. Male sex and increasing age we both associated with increased risk of ND pneumonia. Additionally, patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–3.06), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07–2.05), or paralysis (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09–2.73) were also at increased risk, as were those who were immunosuppressed (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18–2.00) or in the ICU (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06–2.09). We did not detect a change in ND pneumonia risk with use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, total parenteral nutrition, all medications of interest, and prior ventilation.

Conclusion:

The incidence rate of ND pneumonia did not change from 2013 to 2017, and 3 of 4 nosocomial pneumonia cases were non–device associated. Hospital infection prevention programs should consider expanding the scope of surveillance to include non-ventilated patients. Future research should continue to look for modifiable risk factors and should assess potential prevention strategies.
A conjecture on the least stable mode for the energy stability of plane parallel flows
Authors: Xiong Xiangming , Chen Zhi-Min
Published: October 2019

In the energy stability theory, the critical Reynolds number is usually defined as the minimum of the first positive eigenvalue $R_{1}$ of an eigenvalue equation for all wavenumber pairs $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ are the streamwise and spanwise wavenumbers of the normal mode. We prove that $(\cos \unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\pm 1)R_{1}$ are decreasing functions of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}=\arctan (\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$ for the parallel flows between no-slip or slip parallel plates with or without variations in temperature. Numerical results inspire us to conjecture that $R_{1}$ is also a decreasing function of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ for the parallel shear flows under the no-slip boundary condition and without variations in temperature. If the conjecture is correct, the least stable normal modes for the energy stability will be streamwise vortices for these base flows.
Conceptualizing Legal Mobilization: How Should We Understand the Deployment of Legal Strategies?
Authors: Lehoucq Emilio , Taylor Whitney K.
Published: October 2019

Social movements have increasingly incorporated legal strategies into their repertoires of contention. Yet, both sociolegal and social movement scholarship lack a systematic and theoretically coherent way to conceptualize legal mobilization. In fact, scholars disagree (sometimes in fundamental ways) about what constitutes legal mobilization, which has resulted in conceptual slippage around how the term is used. This article proposes a more self-conscious approach that will facilitate the aggregation of findings across studies. To do so, it sets forth a systematic conceptualization of legal mobilization and situates it within a typology of uses of the law. It also contextualizes the typology with respect to emerging literatures within social movement and sociolegal scholarship and proposes areas for further research that would benefit from a more rigorous conceptualization of legal mobilization.
A Cretaceous dinoflagellate cyst zonation for NE Greenland
Authors: Nøhr-Hansen H. , Piasecki S. , Alsen P.
Published: October 2019

A palynostratigraphic zonation is for the first time established for the entire Cretaceous succession in NE Greenland from Traill Ø in the south to Store Koldewey in the north (72–76.5° N). The zonation is based on samples from three cores and more than 100 outcrop sections. The zonation is calibrated to an updated ammonite zonation from the area and to palynozonations from the northern North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea areas. The palynozonation is primarily based on dinoflagellate cyst and accessory pollen. The Cretaceous succession is divided into 15 palynozones: seven Lower Cretaceous zones and eight Upper Cretaceous zones. The two lowermost zones are new. The following five (Lower Cretaceous) zones have already been described. Two of the Upper Cretaceous zones are new. The zones have been subdivided into 20 subzones, 11 of which have been described previously and one of which has been revised/redefined. Nine subzones (Upper Cretaceous) are new. More than 100 stratigraphical events representing more than 70 stratigraphic levels have been recognized and presented in an event-stratigraphic scheme.
Trust and Local Bias
Authors: Wei Chishen , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2019

In this article, we examine the effect of social trust on local bias. Our evidence suggests that institutional investors located in high-trust regions of the United States exhibit lower local bias. Moreover, we find that high-trust investors are better diversified, suggesting that trust helps accomplish greater diversification. The results are not due to firm, demographic, or local economic characteristics. Additional analysis reveals that the documented informational advantage in local holdings exists only in low-trust regions. We show that this finding is consistent with a trust explanation.
The Discursive Construction of Accessibility and its Implications for Outreach Work
Authors: GRYMONPREZ HANS , HERMANS KOEN , ROOSE RUDI
Published: October 2019

Homeless individuals often find that welfare services are inaccessible, despite being designed to meet their needs. This frictions with access which is a fundamental principle in western welfare states. Adaptations in social policy and service delivery are therefore made to deal with the problem of inaccessibility to services and welfare rights. One such adaptation is outreach work and is often developed to engage with homeless people and link them up with available services. This raises questions on the transformative potential of outreach work to deal with those mechanisms which result in inaccessibility. We argue that in a context in which accessibility is increasingly guaranteed by rights-based frameworks, exclusion management is also increasing. This is due to hybrid developments in social policy and welfare ideology. Nonetheless, the initial transformational potential of outreach work never really vanished.
Successful Aging: Indigenous Men Aging in a Good Way with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ryan Chaneesa , Jackson Randy , Gabel Chelsea , King Alexandra , Masching Renee , Thomas Elder Cliff
Published: October 2019

Les traitements associés au VIH ayant progressé au cours des 30 dernières années, le nombre de personnes âgées vivant avec le VIH s’est accru. Ce phénomène est particulièrement important chez les peuples autochtones du Canada, compte tenu de la surreprésentation chronique de cette population dans les diagnostics de VIH. Toutefois, peu de données sont disponibles sur l’expérience des Autochtones séropositifs plus âgés. Une approche fondée sur les forces a permis d’explorer comment les hommes autochtones plus âgés vivant avec le VIH conçoivent le vieillissement réussi. La recherche a été menée en partenariat avec le Réseau canadien autochtone sur le sida. Des hommes des Premières nations, Inuits et Métis, âgés de 43 à 63 ans et séropositifs depuis 10 à 29 ans, ont participé à des groupes de discussion et à des entrevues. Une approche analytique ouverte a été utilisée pour étudier le contenu des transcriptions. Les codes ont été développés en collaboration, par un processus inductif et itératif. Nous présentons l’analyse des points communs entre les groupes autochtones, ainsi que nos réflexions sur l’application du modèle de vieillissement réussi aux hommes autochtones plus âgés ayant le VIH.
Antineuroinflammatory therapy: potential treatment for autism spectrum disorder by inhibiting glial activation and restoring synaptic function
Authors: Li Yong-Jiang , Zhang Xiaojie , Li Ya-Min
Published: October 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and perseverative and stereotypical behavior. Growing evidence points toward a critical role for synaptic dysfunction in the onset of ASD, and synaptic function is influenced by glial cells. Considering the evidence that neuroinflammation in ASD is mediated by glial cells, one hypothesis is that reactive glial cells, under inflammatory conditions, contribute to the loss of synaptic functions and trigger ASD. Ongoing pharmacological treatments for ASD, including oxytocin, vitamin D, sulforaphane, and resveratrol, are promising and are shown to lead to improvements in behavioral performance in ASD. More importantly, their pharmacological mechanisms are closely related to anti-inflammation and synaptic protection. We focus this review on the hypothesis that synaptic dysfunction caused by reactive glial cells would lead to ASD, and discuss the potentials of antineuroinflammatory therapy for ASD.