bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When the Body Does Not Know: Bodily responses show the same poor liedetection performance as explicit judgments in the data of Gunderson, ten Brinke, and Sokol Hessner (2023) / Published as Technical Comment in Personality & Individual Differences (2024)
Authors: Franz Volker H , Meyen Sascha , von Luxburg Ulrike
Published: December 2023

Gunderson, ten Brinke, and Sokol-Hessner (Personality and Individual Diﬀerences, 204, 2023; henceforth: GBH) reported that persons who had perfect interoception of their bodily reactions could detect liars with an accuracy of up to 68% — far exceeding the 50% predicted by chance and well above what participants achieved in explicit, conscious judgments. GBH conclude that the body knows whether somebody is lying, although humans fail to leverage this knowledge in their explicit judgments. Because GBH used videos of true murderers lying about their deeds, the study has high practical relevance. GBH base their arguments on an upper bound introduced in this literature by Franz & von Luxburg (Psychological Science, 26, 2015). However, they misinterpret the meaning of this upper bound and therefore come to overly-optimistic estimates of lie–detection accuracy. Reanalysis of their data with appropriate methods shows that the bodily reactions only allowed close–to–chance lie–detection accuracy, similar to participants’ performance in explicit judgments. We conclude that GBH do not provide evidence for appreciable lie-detection capability in bodily reactions. Quite to the contrary, the study demonstrates how difficult it is to detect a liar — even if a real–world, high stakes scenario is used.
Temporal errors: Researchers should stop studying the flash-lag effect
Authors: Holcombe Alex O. , Corbett Joshua J
Published: December 2023

Recent theorizing about perceptual phenomena has been strongly influenced by predictive processing frameworks, to the extent that inconsistent evidence is commonly neglected. Here we discuss the flash-lag effect, which is often discussed as if it has a single cause, whereby the brain extrapolates the future positions of moving objects. While such a process likely plays a role, here we highlight evidence that the flash-lag effect is at least partially caused by a temporal error mechanism, such as triggered position sampling, intermittent position updating, or temporal mis-binding. The fallacy of the single cause has, we argue, led researchers to study the flash-lag effect more than they should.
Effect of processing on resistant starch content of Indian rice varieties (Sona Masuri and Mogra) and its impact on postprandial blood glucose levels
Authors:   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad (Haryana), India 121001, Mishra Sakshi , Awasthi Madhvi ,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad (Haryana), India 121001, Sharma Mahak ,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad (Haryana), India 121001
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Resistant starch has elicited new possibilities around the globe due to its plausible health benefits and functional properties. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of processing on the resistant starch content in selected Indian rice varieties and its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels. Methods: Two Indian rice varieties (Sona Masuri and Mogra) were evaluated for resistant starch in raw form, after boiling, steaming, and refrigeration. Thereafter, the increment in resistance starch content by different processing methods was validated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on ten healthy participants. Results: Among the two rice varieties, raw Sona Masuri had a higher resistance starch content (10.86%). After processing, resistant starch was observed to be high in steamed Mogra variety (3.52%). In the boiling process, Sona Masuri developed a higher resistant starch content (2.44%) as compared to Mogra variety (1.05%). The assessment done after refrigeration revealed a slight increase in resistant starch content in both rice varieties. Mogra variety had higher resistant starch (3.68%) than the other rice variety (2.56%) after refrigeration. Validation of increase in resistant starch content and its effect on blood glucose responses done through OGTT revealed that Mogra rice (test food) did not cause a swift spike in blood glucose level compared to glucose (reference food). Differences in blood glucose responses by test and reference food at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were statistically significant. Conclusion: Steamed and refrigerated Mogra rice did not cause significant increase in blood glucose.
Dietary pattern, nutrient intake, and oral symptoms in a sample of pregnant women in Malaysia
Authors:   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ibrahim Zaidah , Saddki Norkhafizah ,   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Hasan Ruhaya ,   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Nutritional requirements of pregnant women differ considerably from those of non-pregnant women. Nutritional status during pregnancy is critical to maintain health, including oral health, and to promote growth and development of the baby. This study assessed dietary pattern, nutrient intake, and oral symptoms among pregnant women. Methods: Seventy-one women with singleton pregnancy attending a public healthcare centre in Malaysia participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary pattern and nutrient intake of the women were assessed using food frequency questionnaire and 3-day 24-hour diet recall, respectively. Information on sociodemographic and obstetric profiles, and oral symptoms were obtained from self-administered questionnaire. Results: White rice, chicken, green leafy vegetables, granulated sugar, and salt were foods most consumed. Intakes of iron, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, zinc, and fluoride for most respondents were below Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). Cavitated tooth (46.5%), bleeding gums (35.2%), pain upon eating and drinking (23.9%), and bad breath (23.9%) were common oral symptoms reported. Significant association was found between complaint of brown, yellow, and white spots on tooth surface with vitamin A intake, and between complaint of bleeding gums with zinc intake. Conclusion: Intake of most nutrients by most respondents in this study was below the RNI. Oral symptoms were common and a few were associated with nutrient intakes.
Perception and Experience of Teachers in Implication of Inductive and Deductive Methods in Mathematics Classes
Authors: Sapkota Hari Prasad
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to explore the teachers’ experiences and perceptions towards the implication of inductive and deductive methods in mathematics classes at the primary level. The inductive method is the beginning of all mathematics and derives the formula; the deductive method is the continuity of it and implements those formulas. This article is based on a phenomenological research method under qualitative design, focusing on the lived experience of four primary mathematics teachers on the ‘implementation of inductive and deductive method’ in elementary mathematics classes and their perceptions towards these methods. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using the thematic analyzing approach. The findings of the study show that the teachers were in a dilemma in the selection of proper teaching methods in mathematics teaching, and they followed the traditional methods. Knowingly or unknowingly, the teachers were using inductive and deductive methods, but they were not sure about the correct implementation of those methods. Their perceptions towards the inductive method was positive and they believed that it helps students for developing permanent concepts; however, the teachers were confused in its implications. Most of the teachers were following the traditional teaching methods in mathematics classes instead of student-centered teaching methods. They argued that for a short-cut and easy for the implementation, they were using the traditional methods. The teachers should be trained for better implementation of the inductive and deductive methods in the proper teaching of mathematics at the primary level.
Ethnomathematical Study on Cultural Artifacts: An Ethnographic Field to Classroom Practice
Authors: Pradhan Jaya Bishnu
Published: December 2023

The implicit mathematical ideas, practices, and experiences in the everyday life of children outside the classroom could be a powerful and interesting pedagogical tool to communicate formal mathematical concepts. The main objective of this study is to explore the ethnomathematical ideas embedded in the cultural artifacts and assess their contribution to the process of teaching and learning of school mathematics. The methodological procedures include in-depth interviews and observation of students and teachers regarding mathematical ideas comprised in cultural artifacts at different moments. The mathematical knowledge hidden in the various cultural artifacts has been analyzed based on written documents, photographs, and video graphs. The findings indicated that the cultural artifacts provide an ample opportunity to understand different mathematical concepts. In addition, students have wonderful learning experiences beyond the four walls of the classroom and connect ethnomathematical ideas to conceptualize formal mathematics
Digital Devices Used in a Secondory School: A Case Study of Access and Use in Learning Mathematics
Authors: Maharjan Prabin
Published: December 2023

This research investigates the types of digital devices used by students at a Secondary School in Kiritpur Municipality, Nepal, and their relationship with grade level, focusing on integrating technology in teaching mathematics. The case is urban school phenomena. A survey was conducted with 420 students, using a questionnaire for data collection. Statistical tools used in analysis included univariate (frequency and percentage) and bivariate (Chi-Square) methods. Findings show that mobile devices are the most widely used for attending online classes. Around 25% of students lack access to necessary technology at least mobile too. Attendance rates vary between lower and higher grade levels. Importantly, the study reveals limited technology integration at an urban School, with teachers lacking awareness of how to effectively adapt and incorporate technologies in the classroom, specifically for mathematics teaching. These results underscore the need to improve digital device availability and the types for teaching science, mathematics like subjects, which demand dynamic, interactive tools use. Similarly, access to devices particularly at the lower secondary level is lower, and over reliance on parents' device needs reducing reliance on parental devices. Additionally, there is a call for enhanced professional development to support teachers in integrating technology into mathematics instruction. Addressing these challenges will contribute to enhancing the learning experience and overall effectiveness of technology integration in the classroom.
People’s Experience Towards the Federal System in Gandaki Province, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Girdhari
Published: December 2023

This study examines the debate over federal systems in the Gandaki region of Nepal. People’s experience towards the federal system in Gandaki Province is the key objective of this study. Within five years following the promulgation of constitution in 2015, general elections were held, and people received goods and services from three distinct governments. Through local, provincial, and federal governments, the public takes part in the process of public policy making. Since the system attempts to meet people’s wants, it has received positive response from everyone. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data was gathered through interviews, and secondary data came from research papers, books, and other sources. The finding of this study shows that local government has been effective in delivering goods and services at the local level. In the public opinion, local governments have successfully justified their existence while provincial government has failed to do so. Also, this investigation finds that the federal government does not fully adhere to power sharing. As a result, the performance of provincial government is far below par. Furthermore, provincial governments lack the innovation needed to take over the federal system, which consists of both local and federal administrations.
A Conversation on Feminism, Ableism, and Medical Assistance in Dying
Authors: Grant Isabel , Benedet Janine , Sheehy Elizabeth , Frazee Catherine
Published: December 2023

This article explores the recent expansion of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) in Canada and its negative implications for women with disabilities. In 2021, the government extended MAiD to people with disabilities who are not dying, which the authors contend is a modern form of eugenics. Structured as a conversation and deploying a systemic, equality-based feminist analysis, the article tracks the shifts in scope and justification for MAiD through judicial and legislative developments, the overwhelming opposition by organizations representing people with disabilities, and the failure of feminist organizations to support their disabled sisters. The authors articulate a feminist response to the expansion of MAiD to address this troubling silence. After Isabel Grant sets out the foundations of Track 2 MAiD, Janine Benedet develops a critique of the concepts of autonomy, choice, and privacy as used by MAiD expansionists to justify these premature deaths. Elizabeth Sheehy explores some of the structural issues that affect the impetus for MAiD: women’s poverty, the medical profession, the gendered nature of caregiving, and men’s violence. Isabel Grant demonstrates the particular dangers for women of the extension of MAiD on the basis of mental illness, as evidenced by data from other countries. Catherine Frazee describes what a truly intersectional feminist approach to MAiD demands of more privileged feminists and concludes the conversation with a call for feminist solidarity.
Driving the Night Away: Early Chapters in the History of Reading
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: December 2023

Geoffrey Chaucer, and the scene in the Book of the Duchess when he falls asleep reading a book, is often taken as a case study in the history of reading and the transition to silent, private reading. Moving from Chaucer’s own writing, this talk ventures into the economics of paper, manuscript layout and production, and pastoral education to consider the plausibility of Chaucer’s reading in bed.
Manuscript Organization and Female Readership: Reading the Naples Manuscript
Authors: Weldon James
Published: December 2023

This article examines the layout and organization of the Naples manuscript “Vittorio Emanuele III,” MS XIII.B.29 to argue not only that the intended readership of the manuscript was predominantly female but also that it deliberately guides those readers towards the themes of various kinds of healing. The medieval recipes at the beginning connect to the medical sub-themes in the romance and the saint’s life that follow. These tales and the recipes also contain themes of childbirth, marriage, and family, and this is continued with the trials of the illegitimate son of Gawain, Libious Desconious, and the broken families of Sir Isombrase and Grisilde in the following texts. The opening medical recipes, which to modern sensibilities seem generically anomalous in a book containing romances and saint’s lives, in fact “anticipate the kind of female agency which the subsequent narratives exemplify.”
Partial oral versus full intravenous antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in people who inject drugs: A systematic review
Authors: Brown Amy , Jefferson Hallie L , Daley Peter , Kent William DT , Webster Duncan , Adams Corey
Published: December 2023

Background:

Prolonged intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy may not be optimal for people who inject drugs (PWID) with infective endocarditis (IE) due to unique social and medical needs. The role of partial IV antibiotic therapy with continued oral (PO) antibiotic therapy is unclear.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. Included studies compared PO to IV antibiotic treatment for IE in PWID.

Results:

Four studies met eligibility. Observational studies included full IV treatment groups and partial IV, partial PO treatment groups for severe injection-related infections. PWID with IE comprised 41.0%–64.7% of the study populations but outcomes specific to IE were not separately reported. All-cause 90-day readmission rates were comparable between the IV treatment group (27.9%–31.5%) and partial IV, partial PO treatment group (24.8%–32.5%). Ninety-day mortality was non-significantly different between IV treatment (4.9%–10.7%) and partial IV, partial PO treatment groups (2.4%–13.0%). One small randomized clinical trial compared IV oxacillin or vancomycin with gentamicin to PO ciprofloxacin plus rifampin. The cure rates were 91% and 90%, respectively.

Conclusion:

There is limited evidence comparing IV treatment to partial IV, partial PO antibiotic treatment in PWID with IE. Observational studies suggest that PO antibiotic therapy after initial IV treatment may be equivalent to full IV treatment alone within specific parameters, but randomized trials are needed to inform recommendations. Substantial clinical and social benefits for PWID and advantages for the health care system will result if PO treatment strategies with equal efficacy can be implemented.
Initial Validation of a Survey Instrument to Evaluate Veterinary Student Self-Efficacy for Antimicrobial Selection in the United States
Authors: LeCuyer Tessa E. , Cole Stephen D. , Davis Jennifer L. , Hodgson Jennifer , Childress Abigail , Ryan Shane M. , Sanchez Susan , Bailey Misty R.
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human and animal health, and antimicrobial use selects for AMR. Appropriate selection of antimicrobial drugs is an important part of veterinary education, but many veterinary students report that they have knowledge gaps in this area. Students with greater self-efficacy, the belief that one can perform the individual steps that comprise a task, tend to expend more effort and motivation in learning new skills. Educational activities that improve self-efficacy can increase student motivation, but appropriate assessment tools tailored for specific educational domains are necessary to support these efforts. The purpose of this study was to validate an online survey instrument to measure veterinary student self-efficacy for antimicrobial selection. The secondary goal was to determine if clinical training increases veterinary students’ self-efficacy for antimicrobial selection. A total of 380 students from seven veterinary colleges in the United States completed an online survey instrument that asked students to self-assess their abilities to perform 13 tasks associated with antimicrobial selection on a 10-point Likert-type scale. A principal components analysis identified three factors associated with self-efficacy for antimicrobial selection: (a) empirical selection and dosing of antimicrobials, (b) identification of trustworthy resources and resistance to pressure to prescribe, and (c) knowledge of when antimicrobials are needed. Self-efficacy for antimicrobial selection increases the most in the fourth year of veterinary training. However, exposure to at least one clinical rotation was not associated with higher self-efficacy for selection of antimicrobials.
Centros de referência em práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde: motivações que levam os usuários a frequentá-los
Authors: Torres Wardil Krause Daniela , Chubaci Rosa Yuka Sato
Published: December 2023

Este estudo busca compreender as motivações que levam os usuários das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) a frequentá-las em três Centros de Referência em Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (CRPICS) da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo.Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo. Para coleta de dados foram entrevistados 33 usuários dos seguintes CRPICS: Ermelino Matarazzo, Guaianases e Cidade Tiradentes. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas nos meses de junho e julho de 2022 e os dados transcritos das entrevistas foram analisados à luz da Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz. As principais justificativas encontradas para os usuários iniciarem as PICS nos CRPICS foram: indicação de vizinhos, amigos ou familiares, sentir dor e estar deprimido ou ansioso. Entre as finalidades alcançadas pelos usuários prevaleceram: sentir-se bem e feliz ao realizar as PICS, sentir-se disposto e produtivo para realizar as tarefas diárias, percepção de melhora das dores, da saúde física e mental.?
Development of technology for creating high-voltage p0–n0 junctions based on GaAs
Authors: Sultanov A.M. , Abdukarimov A.A. , Kufian M.Z.
Published: December 2023

An optimal solution has been found to the problem of obtaining p0-n0 junctions based on lightly doped GaAs layers with high values of electrical parameters and specified thicknesses of base layers to create ultra-fast high-voltage pulsed three-electrode switches with a photon injection mechanism of minority charge carriers. A technology has been developed for the formation of high-voltage, powerful subnano-second photonic injection switches based on gallium arsenide and its solid solutions. The dependence of the current rise time, switching voltage and switching stability relative to the control pulse of high-voltage photonic injection switches in a wide current and frequency mode of their operation, its sensitivity to various external influences, as well as dependence on the thickness of the p0-layer, on the transmission coefficient, on breakdown voltage Uprobe of the high-voltage p0-n0 junction. The carried out studies and the obtained results indicate the prospects of using the developed high-voltage pulsed semiconductor devices in picosecond optoelectronics for pumping high-power laser and LED structures.
Possibility of using inexpensive steel protected by deposited vacuum-arc coatings as a basis for parts and tools coating technology
Authors: Berdibekov A.T. , Laurinas V.Ch. , Dolya A.V. , Gruzin V.V. , Guchenko S.A. , Baltabekov A.S.
Published: December 2023

The aim of the work was to identify the possibility of using under extreme conditions parts made of inexpensive steel, protected by sequentially deposited films — Cr and then simultaneously TiN + CrN, micron thickness. Steel grade St3 (Fe ~ 97%) was chosen as the basis. In our country, as in many others, this steel is not only the most common structural material with easy processing and low cost, but also produced in large volumes. The deposition of two consecutive layers of films — Cr and TiN + CrN on steel substrates was carried out using vacuum-arc technology (Arc-PVD). The measurements were carried out after the process of periodic heating of the samples to a temperature of 650 0C, followed by rapid cooling, implemented by immersing the samples in water. The main parameters of the coating were measured — wear resistance, heat resistance, microhardness. Each thermal effect lasted 20 hours, and the entire heating-cooling process was carried out 5 times. The results obtained in this work can be considered very promising for the protection of inexpensive steels.
Double SEJI Integral Transform and its Applications of Solution Integral Differential Equations
Authors: Jasim Jinan A. , Mehdi Sadiq A. , Kuffi Emad A.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to establish an efficient of a new transform called double SEJI integral transform to solve integral differential equations. Some important properties are proved by this suggested transform with theorem for the partial fractional Caputo derivatives. Finally, we use them to solve applications of some kinds of integral equations by transforming them to algebraic equations and solve by using the giving properties.
Aprendizaje Basado en Competencias (ABC) para la producción científica en estudiantes universitarios de Ica
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Ica, Romani Pillpe Guillermo , Macedo Inca Keila Soledad
Published: December 2023

El Aprendizaje Basado en Competencias (ABC) se enfoca en fortalecer habilidades prácticas y conocimientos, con el estudiante como motor del aprendizaje. Varios autores sostienen la necesidad de establecer un marco de investigación educativa para la implementación de este enfoque en el nivel universitario. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar si el ABC influye en la producción científica (PC) de estudiantes en una universidad de la región de Ica. A través de un estudio preexploratorio con enfoque mixto, se aplicó un programa de intervención basado en el ABC para fortalecer la PC en estudiantes de Ingeniería de Sistemas. La evaluación se realizó en tres dimensiones, clasificadas en tres baremos: bajo, medio y alto. Con la participación de 24 estudiantes, en el baremo alto, se observó un aumento en la definición del tema de 16.7% a 45.8%, en habilidades de redacción el incremento fue de 0% a 41.7%, y en actitud para escribir, de 8.3% a 37.5%. La producción científica promedio en este baremo aumentó significativamente de 33.54% a 38.92% (p=0.000). Se concluye que el ABC puede influir significativamente en la PC. Este diseño proporciona una primera aproximación para el desarrollo de un marco de investigación que permita emprender investigaciones más amplias y controladas en el estudio del potencial del ABC para la PC.
Cognitive Metascience: A New Approach to the Study of Theories
Authors: Miłkowski Marcin
Published: December 2023

In light of the recent credibility crisis in psychology, this paper argues for a greater emphasis on theorizing in scientific research. Although reliable experimental evidence, preregistration, methodological rigor, and new computational frameworks for modeling are important, scientific progress also relies on properly functioning theories. However, the current understanding of the role of theorizing in psychology is lacking, which may lead to future crises. Theories should not be viewed as mere speculations or simple inductive generalizations.
To address this issue, the author introduces a framework called “cognitive metascience,” which studies the processes and results of evaluating scientific practice. This study should proceed both qualitatively, as in traditional science and technology studies and cognitive science, and quantitatively, by analyzing scientific discourse using language technology.
By analyzing theories as cognitive artifacts that support cognitive tasks, this paper aims to shed more light on their nature. This perspective reveals that multiple distinct theories serve entirely different roles, and studying these roles, along with their epistemic vices and virtues, can provide insight into how theorizing should proceed. The author urges a change in research culture to appreciate the variety of distinct theories and to systematically advance scientific progress.
Introduction
Authors: Białek Arkadiusz , Wolski Piotr
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Yeşil Sosyal Politika: Sosyal Adaletin ve Ekolojik Sürdürülebilirliğin Bütünleşmesi
Authors: ORTAKAYA Ülkü İstiklal , KOCA Didem , AKBAŞ Emrah
Published: December 2023

Çevre kirliliğinin arttığı ve iklim değişiminin hızlandığı son dönemlerde, bu değişim ve dönüşümlerin sosyal yaşam ve refah düzeylerindeki etkisi göz ardı edilemez bir hal almıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da çevresel tahribatın sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkilerinin giderek görünür olduğu koşullarda sosyal politika ve çevre bağlamında ortaya çıkan yeni bir kavram olan yeşil sosyal politika anlayışının belirleyicilerini anlamaktır. Buna yönelik olarak çalışmada; sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın iklim krizi açısından önemi, sürdürülebilir kalkınmada çevre etiği, sosyal adalet ve ekolojik adalet yaklaşımlarının sosyal politika tartışmalarındaki yerine ilişkin ulusal ve uluslararası literatürdeki tartışmalara yer verilmiştir. Bu makale, iklim krizinde sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve sosyal adalete yeni bir bakış açısı sunan ve literatürde oldukça yeni bir kavram olan “Yeşil Sosyal Politika”nın akademik yazında görünürlüğünü artırmak için zengin ulusal ve uluslararası literatür katkısı ile hazırlanmış derleme bir çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın öne çıkan temel çıkarımlarından biri yoksullukla çevre sorunlarının birbirlerini besleyici bir döngüde yer alması, geliştirilecek politikaların sürdürülebilir olması ve bu doğrultuda sosyal politika alanında “yeşil” bir anlayışa geçmenin kaçınılmaz olduğudur.
A Study of Erosion in the Mfuti Watershed for the Sanitation and Protection of the Zamba-Telecom Road in Kinshasa/DRCongo
Authors: MBOPANGA Roda BONGELI , MIHIGO Innocent MUFUNGIZI , KAWAYA HUBERT Trésor , KABULO BANZA Jean , VUILAWO Ridi DIAKONDUA , LOKETO Ruben LOOLA
Published: December 2023

Zamba-Telecom is a road that has suffered erosion for a long time, more particularly gullying, due to poor drainage of runoff waterand uncontrolled urbanization of the area in which it is located. We carried out a hydrological study throughout the watershed in which this road is located, in order to best size a canal attached to the road, which will effectively drain rainwater upstream. According to our calculations, to better manage this water, this road must be attached to a free surface canal, with a base of 1.3 m and a height of 1.4 m to thus evacuate a total peak flow of 7.462 m3/s to the Mfutiriver. However, after carrying out a field trip, we sampled the soil from this watershedand passed it to the laboratory. It turns out that the soil of the basin is mainly made up of fine sand, the grain size of which is 0.05 to0.4 mm. For our different samples taken, the Atterberg limits gave the average value of the Plasticity Index: 8.8; the liquidity limit: 14.79 and a plasticity limit of 6, this watershed has solid, moderately plastic soil. Therefore, to protect the road from possible erosive phenomena, we should already limit urbanization in this area to limit runoff and instead encourage the infiltration of rainwater. We need to plant enough trees downstream of the watershed and develop best soil conservation practices.
Women at Increased Risk for Heart Failure and Mortality after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hussain Cheragh , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Hayat Yasir , - Nasir , Hassan Mahmood ul
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to look at the risk of heart failure and mortality in women with myocardial infarction (MI). One hundred patients who were hospitalised in the cardiology department of the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar between January 2022 and 2023 were the subject of this retrospective research. We look at the mortality, heart failure risk, and mortality factors among women with MI. We employ univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to determine the independent relationships between baseline characteristics and the risk of heart failure and death. The results of this research may be utilized to direct the treatment of women with MI and to lead the development of strategies for lowering death rates in this population. The findings of this study shed light on possible gender-related risk factors for death after MI that might be the focus of further research.
Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Presenting with Pallor to Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar
Authors: Ahmad Samreen , Salahuddin Abid , Ahmad Ambreen
Published: December 2023

To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in children who present with clinical pallor.The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex, between August 2018 and July 2022. We utilized laboratory information and took blood samples of 5ml to check for haemoglobin and ferritin levels. The criteria for IDA diagnosis were the presence of low haemoglobin levels (<11gm/dl) and low ferritin levels (<30ng/ml). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The study contained 492 children (1 to 15 years).The total number of anaemic was 467 (94.9%) and Iron Deficiency Anemia was found to be present in 28.8% of the patients. Our study concludes that the frequency of iron deficiency is high in children presenting with pallor. Initiatives like National programs incorporating short-term measures like iron supplements and long-term ones like fortifying wheat flour could decrease the burden of IDA.
Understanding the Societal Impact of Government Programs on Public School Enrollment in District Karak
Authors: Ullah Shafqat , Khan Munir , Khan Farid Ullah
Published: December 2023

This study assessed the impact of a Government Initiative on primary school enrollment in District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Stratified-random sampling assessed how the initiative affected public school enrolment for boys and girls. The data for this study came from Students Enrollment Proforma (SEP) and structured interviews with school administrators from a random sample of 12 principals (6 boys and 6 girls, representing the full gender distribution of the schools involved in the study). The findings indicated that providing complimentary textbooks significantly increased attendance for male and female students in the first and fifth grades. School administrators observed a positive effect on students’ enrollment and enhanced engagement in the educational process. The study recommends continuing the provision of complimentary textbooks and expanding the initiative to include free uniforms, notebooks, and stipends for students. Additionally, conducting similar studies at the provincial level is suggested to assess the overall impact of these incentives.
Influence of Bioterrorism: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Qamar Bushra , Irfan Adeel , Siddique Nasra
Published: December 2023

While terrorism is a crime motivated by politics, ideology, or history, bioterrorism is a more sophisticated kind of terrorism that uses biological agents or toxins to harm humans, other organisms, or the environment. Bioterrorism has spread many diseases, including Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia, Smallpox, Dengue Fever, and COVID-19. Whether bioterrorism is a myth or reality, the acceleration of bioterrorism threats, as seen in the case study of COVID-19, and bringing attention to the consequences of bioterrorism are the goals of this research. Exploratory research is conducted for the purpose of this study. Research problems have been answered using a combination of qualitative, historical, analytical, and predictive methodologies. This research delves into how the COVID-19 Pandemic has affected Pakistan and the rest of the world. Some examples are changes in the tourism industry, public health, education, politics, and the spread of fake news and disinformation. The study brings attention to the possibility of future bioterror attacks in the form of novel diseases propagated through viruses or bacteria, such as COVID-19, which can lead to more catastrophic scenarios.
Lord Curzon's Tribal Policy: An Appraisal of its Aims of Securing Pacification and Contentment of Frontier Tribesmen
Authors: Afridi Abida Azeem
Published: December 2023

The British Empire, which encapsulated one-fourth of humanity, had few difficult frontiers, and the Northwest Frontier figured prominently among these. The Indian subcontinent was the most prized jewel of its coveted crown, and its preservation was considered vital given the influence and power of other European rivals, i.e., French and Russians in the region. Initially, the Inactive or Stationary Policy was pursued, and later in the 1870s, aggressive and penetrative Policy was adopted in the Tribal Belt. The aggressive Forward Policy alienated the tribespeople, which eventually resulted in the uprising of 1897. The British finally realized that only the Policy of contentment and pacification would ensure long-lasting peace and gain the loyalty of the tribe members. Lord Curzon, the expert on frontier affairs, was the main exponent of this Policy of conciliation to win the confidence of the inhabitants of the most sensitive Frontier of the empire.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЖОРСТКОСТІ ВУЗЛІВ СПРЯЖЕННЯ ПОКРИТТЯ ТА ПАРАПЕТНИХ ПАНЕЛЕЙ ВЕЛИКОПАНЕЛЬНОЇ 55-КВАРТИРНОЇ ЖИТЛОВОЇ БУДІВЛІ У М. УЖГОРОДІ
Authors: Лучко Й. , Мазепа М.
Published: December 2023

Подано результати обстеження й дослідження та розробки рекомендацій із забезпечення жорсткості вузлів спряження покриття великопанельної 55-квартирної житлової будівлі у м. Ужгороді, блоки 4, 5, 6 на замовлення ВО «Закарпатзалізобетон». Сформульована проблема досліджень та відзначена їх актуальність. Проаналізовано останні дослідження і публікації з проблеми дослідження і посилення залізобетонних конструкцій при будівництві та за тривалої експлуатації. Наведено загальні відомості про будівництво великопанельної житлової будівлі та її конструктивне вирішення. Описано причини, що призвели до необхідності обстеження і посилення вузлів спряження, покриття та парапетних панелей. Зокрема подано дані обстеження, в яких відзначено низку помилок та недоліків зведення будівлі, таких як зміщення закладних деталей на парапетних панелях, які не відповідають місцю розташування на плитах покриття. Також на плитах покриття проєктом серії 135 розділом 10–11–1–23 «елементи даху» не передбачені закладні деталі на верхній поверхні з укороченого кінця. Ці плити при монтажі потрібно встановлювати укороченим торцем на лотки і приварювати до нижніх закладних деталей. Зауважено порушення технології будівництва і перевищення допусків і відхилень від вимог нормативних документів послабило несучу здатність (жорсткість) покриття і стійкість будівлі. Ці помилки і недоліки можуть суттєво вплинути на загальну міцність споруди, яка запроєктована, зокрема на сейсмічні навантаження для району у 7 балів. На підставі аналізу обстежень розроблені пропозиції і рекомендації з посилення вузлів спряження плит покриття та парапетних панелей з ліквідації виявлених недоліків. Також вказано на доцільність обстежень для відновлення несучої здатності будівлі загалом та відзначено наукову новизну і практичну значущість. На підставі аналізу досліджень сформульовані загальні висновки.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ ПОРОЖНИСТИХ ЦИЛІНДРИЧНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ІНЖЕНЕРНИХ СПОРУД СПЕЦІАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗА ДІЇ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ВПЛИВУ
Authors: Глова Б. , Глова Т. , Петрученко О. , Терещук О.
Published: December 2023

Активний розвиток монолітно-каркасного будівництва останнім часом вимагає нового підходу до розрахунку елементів будівельних конструкцій. Бетонні колони є одним із найважливіших елементів таких будівель, руйнування яких відрізняється великою міцністю. Втрата міцності колони може відбуватися в результаті навантажень, зумовлених дією температурного поля. Тому дослідження, пов’язані з впливом температури на несучі елементи інженерних конструкцій, актуальні та важливі.

Досліджено нестаціонарне температурне поле в циліндричній бетонній колоні з центральним отвором, яке змінюється з часом за умов високих температур. При моделюванні процесу нагрівання колони враховані крайові умови третього роду. Використовуючи перетворення Лапласа, отримано аналітичні вирази для дослідження температурного поля. Визначено напружено-деформований стан колони, зумовлений нестаціонарним температурним полем, де було враховано різні значення коефіцієнта теплообміну між колоною та середовищем. Результати досліджень зображені графічно. Проаналазовано залежності температурних напружень за товщиною колони від теплофізичних та механічних характеристик бетону.

Однією із найбільш суттєвих причин підвищеної небезпеки для таких конструкцій вважають нерівномірний нагрів і зміну характеристик міцності та деформування бетону під час і після пожежі. Одночасно необхідно вирішити питання, пов'язані із забезпеченням тривалої та надійної експлуатації будівельних конструкцій, зокрема під дією високих температур, за рахунок застосування відповідних матеріалів або захисних покриттів. Отже, математичне моделювання процесів температурних полів у напружено-деформованому стані циліндричних конструкцій дозволяє значно підвищити точність розрахунків, що сприяє підвищенню міцності та надійності інженерних конструкцій. Отримано графічні залежності радіальних, кільцевих і осьових напружень від радіуса в результаті дії температурного поля різної інтенсивності на стрижневі елементи. Встановлено, що температурні напруження в колоні з центральним отвором менші порівняно із суцільною колоною.
АРХІТЕКТУРНО-ПЛАНУВАЛЬНЕ ВИРІШЕННЯ МАЛИХ СІМЕЙНИХ ФЕРМ ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ МОЛОЧНОГО НАПРЯМУ
Authors: Баранович А. , Баранович А. , Фамуляк Я.
Published: December 2023

Після того як людина перейшла з кочового способу життя на осілий, збиральництво і вирощування сільськогосподарських рослин, а також одомашнених свійських тварин, стало основним способом роздобути собі їжу. З’явилися перші постійні поселення, а відтак – і перші господарства з вирощування рослин та свійських тварин. Спершу вони мали цілковито особистий характер, тобто це були господарства, на яких працювали лише члени сім’ї або родини. Пізніше, коли господарство розросталось, господарі почали залучати до роботи в ньому сторонніх, тобто стали використовувати найману та рабську працю. Це зумовило розвиток фермерського господарства у світі. Поступово, з розвитком світового суспільства, із скасуванням кріпацтва та рабства, робота на великих фермерських господарствах стала повністю найманою. Малі ж господарства зберегли свою «родинну» структуру.

Враховуючи соціально-економічну і культурно-побутову специфіку структури побудови життя і праці в сільських населених пунктах, варто зауважити, що сімейні фермерські господарства будь-якого спрямування мають значну перевагу в наданні відповідного обслуговування їх, функціонуванні й дотриманні належних нормативів, оскільки мала потужність виробництва дає змогу більше зосередитись на якості продукції, яку випускатиме господарство.

Досліджено та вивчено великі фермерські господарства, розраховані на 50 і більше голів худоби, які вимагають для свого належного функціонування великої території для ведення господарської діяльності, а саме випасу худоби, вирощення та зберігання кормів для неї, тощо.

Встановлено, що, відповідно, малі фермерські господарства не мають потреби у значно великій території та повній номенклатурі споруд і будівель, які проєктуються на ділянках великих фермерських господарств.

Запропоновано розробляти плани малих фермерських господарств, задля підвищення конкурентоспроможності таких господарств на продуктовому ринку, а також для підвищення рівня власного сільськогосподарського виробництва у країні.
СИСТЕМА ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНОЮ СПАДЩИНОЮ В ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Терлецька Х. , Косьмій М.
Published: December 2023

Багатовікова історія Української держави налічує на своїх теренах безліч унікальних архітектурних об’єктів, від збереження яких залежить історична пам’ять нашої країни. Основою розвитку держави є збереження культурної спадщини, адже це своєрідний рушій соціокультурного розвитку кожної нації.

Питання щодо охорони і збереження архітектурної спадщини регулюються Конвенцією про охорону архітектурної спадщини Європи, яка ратифікована у 2006 році. В Україні створено об’ємну законодавчу та нормативно-правову базу, яка регулює роль держави, центральної влади та місцевого самоврядування у сфері охорони культурної спадщини, а також юридичних та фізичних осіб незалежно від форми власності, в якій перебувають об’єкти та пам’ятки культурної спадщини. Тому прийнято такі закони та програми: «Про охорону культурної спадщини», «Про збереження архітектурної та містобудівної спадщини», «Про охорону археологічної спадщини», «Про Перелік пам’яток культурної спадщини, що не підлягають приватизації», «Про основи містобудування», «Про планування територій» «Про архітектурну діяльність», «Про культуру», «Про охорону культурної спадщини», «Про регулювання містобудівної діяльності».

Збереження, ефективне функціонування та використання архітектурних пам’яток насамперед залежать від системи державного управління, що складається з трьох рівнів; центральний рівень – Міністерство культури України та Кабінет Міністрів України; регіональний рівень – обласні та Київська й Севастопольська міські ради, а також органи охорони культурної спадщини обласних держадміністрацій; місцевий рівень – районні державні адміністрації, сільські, селищні, міські, районні, обласні ради, виконавчі органи сільських, селищних, міських рад.

Проаналізувавши функції державного апарату, ми визначили основні проблеми в системі управління культурною спадщиною. Сюди можемо віднести: необхідність чіткого розмежування повноважень і функцій між органами управління культурною спадщиною у законодавстві України, відсутність кадрового та ресурсного забезпечення для здійснення діяльності щодо збереження та охорони культурної спадщини, низьку інформованість суспільства, відсутність чіткого та системного державного управління охороною культурної спадщини, потребу у формуванні Державного реєстру нерухомих пам’яток, брак нормативної бази професійної діяльності з охорони культурної спадщини, відсутність безпосереднього впливу громадськості, необхідність розгляду архітектурної спадщини як засобу адміністративного управління.
ХУДОЖНІЙ ЗМІСТ ПЕРЛИН ЦЕРКОВНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ БОЙКІВЩИНИ
Authors: Пісьо С.
Published: December 2023

Із давніх часів Бойківщина славиться своїми мистецькими традиціями. Збережені на Бойківщині твори народного малярства XVI–XVIII ст. належать до комплексу унікальних пам’яток української національної художньої культури. Традиційне декоративне мистецтво Бойківщини – вишивка, різьба по дереву, декорування одягу, розпис писанок – мають свій самобутній характер. Архітектура посідає чільне місце в культурній діяльності місцевого населення та принесла йому загальне визнання. І це цілком природно, адже на Бойківщині споконвіку був ліс – чудовий будівельний матеріал. Народні майстри будували хати з галереями, водяні млини, церкви, дзвіниці, які ми зараз вважаємо шедеврами народного зодчества. Упродовж століть вироблявся неповторний бойківський стиль, в якому відобразилися кмітливість, спостережливість, естетичні смаки та вподобання будівничих. Використання деревини сприяло розвитку її художньої обробки та технологій. Давні будівлі вражають своїм виглядом, вдалим дотриманням пропорцій, завжди доречним декоративним оздобленням, доцільністю і раціональністю. Кращі зразки архітектури, що витримали випробування часом і стали пам’ятками культури, свідчать про високу майстерність, художній смак їхніх творців. Дерев’яні храми – це твори архітектурної довершеності, які чи не найкраще ідентифікують українців як націю. Бойківська сакральна архітектура вирізняється мальовничістю, пропорційністю, вдалим співвідношенням мас і форм, майстерністю обробки матеріалу. На етнічній території Українських Карпат сформувався так званий тип бойківських церков – тридільна і триверха церква, в якій зруби святилища, нави і бабинця (притвору) перекриті шатровими завершеннями з багатьма заломами. Незважаючи на те, що в різних регіонах були різні школи будівництва дерев’яних церков, принципи їхньої побудови однакові. Бойківськa apxiтектуpa велична у своєрідності та неповторності українського народу та світової спадщини артистичних здобутків.