bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of context-aware patient guidance on blood pressure self-measurement adherence levels
Authors: Lindahl Camilla , Wagner Stefan , Uldbjerg Niels , Schlütter Jacob Mørup , Bertelsen Olav , Sandager Puk
Published: December 2017

Hypertensive disease and preeclampsia are serious medical disorders affecting pregnancy. Screening in early pregnancy may identify women at risk of developing hypertensive disease and enable prophylactic treatment. Accurate blood pressure measurement is an important part of this screening. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients, with the aid of a context-aware sensor-based blood pressure self-measurement system, were able to correctly self-measure their blood pressure adhering to internationally established recommendations. Furthermore, to evaluate patient acceptance levels of performing self-measurements using context-aware adherence aids for guidance. A total of 100 pregnant women attending a routine ultrasound, at gestational week 12, at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, were recruited in the waiting room before the scheduled scan. Blood pressure self-measurement was performed using a blood pressure self-measurement system called ValidAid consisting of a clinically approved blood pressure device, a sensor chair registering rest-time, back-supported, legs-crossed, and ambient noise levels respectively recording participant compliance, as well as a touch screen–based computer application with an interactive user interface for patient guidance and feedback, as well as a built-in decision support system. Acceptance of the automated self-measurement was evaluated by a questionnaire. In all, 99 percent followed the instructions with regard to both rest time and not talking. For both of these, ValidAid offered interactive and context-aware guidance. The recommendation of keeping legs uncrossed was only adhered to in 69 percent of measurements and back supported in 35 percent of measurements. For both of these, no interactive guidance was provided. The majority of the participants, 93 percent, felt comfortable using self-measurement equipment, while a minority of 8 percent would have preferred personnel-assisted measurements. The majority of participants were able to take reliable blood pressure self-measurements. Results indicate that recommendations that were not actively enforced were not followed to the same extent as those that were enforced. Thus, providing interactive context-aware guidance for all recommendations should be considered in the future. Furthermore, we found patient acceptance levels of performing self-measurements to be overall positive.
Play between love and labor: The practice of gold farming in China
Authors: Tai Zixue , Hu Fengbin
Published: December 2017

This article scrutinizes the widespread practice of gold farming in China through two-plus years of field research conducted in 13 gold farming studios across five cities involving 64 participants. Informed by current research and theoretical deliberations on digital labor and co-creative production, the analysis offers insight on the rationales, motivations, and perceptions of gold farming through the practitioners’ perspectives of studio owners, managers, and players. It also explores the role of gold farm studios in the business cycle. Our discussion contextualizes gold farming as a special type of fan labor through transformative gameplay enmeshed in the global game capitalist market and contributes to the understanding of China’s youth-led game culture in general and the variegated intricacies of the trade of gold farming in particular.
Design for manufacture: Cost-estimating model for randomly oriented strand advanced composite aerospace parts
Authors: El Wazziki Mohamed , Ngo Anh Dung
Published: December 2017

This work aimed at developing a parametric cost-estimating model based on physical laws for making three categories of thermoplastic composites structural aerospace parts from discontinuous prepreg randomly oriented strands. The proposed cost model will use Microsoft Excel spreadsheet developed in house which imputes all industrial and academic data for calculating costs elements such as material, labour, energy, machinery, building costs and costs of working capital, overheads and then the total cost per part. This research study focused, on one hand, at estimating the heating costs for experimental and virtual parts by changing the volume and keeping the same process cycle times. The heating power was determined by simulating the process thermal diagram numerically using finite elements COMSOL software and validated by experimental data. On the other hand, the tooling costs were estimated by DFMA software for experimental and virtual moulds by changing the projected area. Then, the heating energy and tooling costs sizing scaling laws were established under linear equation forms limited to the size of platens areas. These linear equations were inputted in an Excel spreadsheet to calculate the cost of new parts, which have not been made yet. The variation of the total cost with the size and the complexity of the part were investigated. The results showed that the calculated heating energy costs of the three experimental randomly oriented strand parts were different due to different geometries of the heating platens and the moulds. For the mould cost, the more complex the form was the higher the cost. For total cost, it was also demonstrated that the manufacturing cost of L-bracket part was higher than that of flat plate and T-shape part due to higher process cycle time.
Finite element modeling of ultrasonic and conventional shot peening: A comparison of the effect of both processes on surface conditions
Authors: Manchoul S , Seddik R , Ben Sghaeir R , Fathallah R
Published: December 2017

This paper presents three-dimensional-dynamic finite element simulations of both conventional and ultrasonic peening processes. The proposed models have the advantages of being very close to reality and of taking into account the majority of the influencing factors linked to the processing parameters, the shot–target contact conditions and the monotonic-cyclic elastic–plastic behavior law coupled to the damage of the treated material. The implementations of these simulations allow predicting the changes of the main affecting fatigue surface properties, which are: (i) the in-depth profiles of compressive residual stresses and the Von Mises equivalent plastic strains, (ii) the peened-surface damage values (iii) and the micro-geometrical surface irregularity patterns. Applications have been carried out on two materials: the AISI 316L and the AISI 2205. The comparisons of the computed results to the available experimental investigations show good correlations. These results have been used and exploited to analyze and to compare the two studied peening processes.
A review of fatigue and fracture mechanics with a focus on rubber-based materials
Authors: Behroozinia Pooya , Mirzaeifar Reza , Taheri Saied
Published: December 2017

Prediction of how cracks nucleate and develop is a major concern in fracture mechanics. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the art on fracture mechanics with primary focus on different methodologies available for crack initiation and growth prediction in rubber-based materials under the static and fatigue loading conditions. The concept of fracture mechanics applied to rubber-based materials and concern of finite element analysis for J-integral estimation in elastomers are discussed in this paper. The strain energy release rate is commonly used to describe the energy dissipated during fracture per unit of fracture surface area and can be calculated by J-integral method, which represents a path-independent integral around the crack tip. As fatigue crack growth most commonly occurs in structures, the high-cycle fatigue life of components needs to be predicted by using extended finite element, strain energy density, finite fracture mechanics, and other techniques which will be covered in this review paper. In addition, some recent testing and numerical results reported in the literature and their applications will be discussed.
Magnetic and mechanical properties of Fe-based α-Fe2O3/nano-sized MgO-coated composites
Authors: Xiao Ling , Fan Hongwei , Cheng Wenjie , Li Zigang , Li Ming
Published: December 2017

Fe-based α-Fe2O3/nano-sized MgO-coated soft magnetic composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy with 800 MPa pressure at room temperature, and then annealed at 400 ℃. A layer of iron oxide α-Fe2O3 was generated on the iron surface by passivation treatment. The processed iron powders were coated with nano-sized MgO by mixing method. The soft magnetic composites with sandwich structure (Fe + iron oxide + nano-sized MgO) resulted in an increased permeability at a higher frequency, and higher eddy current loss compared to that of the resin layer by the two-step annealing method, which indicates that the sandwich structure for the soft magnetic composites exhibited noticeably higher frequency stability. The relationship between compressed load and displacement for two kinds of soft magnetic composites implied that the density and stress release for iron play a leading role in the mechanical properties. The stress field analysis of the internal microstructure by finite element method shows that the cracks and pores are two important factors that affect the mechanical strength for the whole material.
The politics of containment: Immigration coverage in UK General Election news coverage (1992–2015)
Authors: Deacon David , Smith David
Published: December 2017

This article examines the extent to which coverage of immigration issues has featured in mainstream national news coverage of six UK General Elections between 1992 and 2015. The six-phase content analysis charts shifts in the scale of coverage over this period that cannot be explained by reference to external factors alone, such as increases in net migration and growing public attentiveness to the issue. We show that since 2005, a disconnect has emerged between media coverage of the issue and external indicators of its scale and importance. The analysis also reveals a shift in the ownership of the immigration issue in formal campaign settings, with the UK Independence Party becoming the most dominant issue associate in electoral coverage of immigration issues.
Protecting democracy or conspiring against it? Media and politics in Latin America: A glimpse from Brazil
Authors: de Albuquerque Afonso
Published: December 2017

Political communication researchers often take for granted that a free press is one of the most important pillars of a solid democracy. Based on the western Fourth Estate model, they suppose that a free press naturally acts as an accountability agent, by protecting the interests of common citizens against government corruption and political abuses. Like many other nonwestern regions of the world, studies about the relationship between media and politics in Latin America usually adopt a ‘transition to democracy’ approach, by evaluating them more or less positively in reference to their degree of conformity to western examples. Typically, these studies describe advances of Latin American media toward a more democratic model or point to the obstacles preventing this from happening. However, these studies rarely explore a third possibility: What about cases in which the free press seemingly conspire against the democratic order? The 2016 parliamentary coup that overthrew President Dilma Rousseff in Brazil provides a vivid example of such a possibility. Based on this case, this article contends that analyses about the press/politics relations in Latin American societies must consider other factors, such as those related to their postcolonial nature. In particular, I argue that Latin American elites and their media portray themselves as a westernized minority endowed with a civilizing mission regarding their societies as a whole, and manipulate the Fourth Estate discourse toward their own benefit, as a means for securing and legitimizing their own privilege.
Nothing on the news but the establishment blues? Toward a framework of depoliticization and agonistic media pluralism
Authors: Maeseele Pieter , Raeijmaekers Daniëlle
Published: December 2017

Mainstream news media have been criticized for serving as marketing agents of establishment ideas and elite voices. In response, this article introduces an analytical framework of agonistic media pluralism that enables an evaluation of media discourse on whether it opens or closes the space for a democratic debate about and beyond established social structures and ways of life. Theoretically, this framework draws from post-foundational political thought, agonistic democratic theory, and post-politics. Methodologically, it consists of a critical discourse analysis that combines four levels of analysis: the ideological conflict underlying a social issue, the scope and form of media discourse, the ideological culture of a media outlet, and the level of agonistic pluralism in a media landscape. Special attention is paid to how particular discursive strategies either open (i.e. cultivate or politicize) or close (i.e. depoliticize) a debate. It concludes by sketching some future research avenues.
Jobless and Godless: Religious neoliberalism and the project of evangelizing employability in the US The authors contributed equally to the research for and writing of this article.
Authors: Hennigan Brian , Purser Gretchen
Published: December 2017

In the wake of welfare reform, there has been growing scholarly attention to ‘religious neoliberalism’ and, specifically, to the practices and politics of faith-based organizations in neoliberalized landscapes of social service provision. While much of this scholarship has suggested a seamless ‘fusion’ between conservative evangelicalism and neoliberal ideology, ethnographic research has tended to reveal the far more complicated, and contradictory, reality of evangelical social projects as they play out on the ground. Presenting the first in-depth ethnography of a faith-based job-readiness program, this article examines the contradictory logics operative within the project of what we call ‘evangelizing employability.’ Targeting joblessness, the program urges entrepreneurial independence. Targeting godlessness, the program urges righteous dependence on God. The project of evangelizing employability reveals the extraordinary utility of religion for the enactment of neoliberal priorities and policies of work enforcement and contributes to our understanding of religious neoliberalism and its class-based contradictions.
Themes and content of the London 2012 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony: A comparison between pre-Games perspectives of British residents and actual ceremonial elements
Authors: Konstantaki Maria , Wickens Eugenia , Perris Feng Yi
Published: December 2017

The focus of this paper is the London 2012 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony. More specifically, this article examines the pre-Games views of a sample of 301 British residents (57.8% male, 42.2% female; age range: 18–65 years) on imagined themes and content of the Opening Ceremony. In addition, the paper discusses the perceptions of cultural identity, i.e. ‘Britishness’ of the surveyed population. The link between the imagined and actual representation of cultural elements is analysed to investigate the importance of local residents’ perspectives in the planning of the Opening Ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games. The paper also argues residents’ perceptions of contemporary culture in Britain as “an amalgamation of British and ethnic minority cultures” and its impact on shaping the meaning of ‘Britishness’. The findings of this study propose important managerial implications for planning of Olympic Games Opening Ceremonies while they may also be useful in planning of other national events. Cultural performances which highlight the mainstay feature of a country help to develop a realistic and accurate national identity to international audiences which could potentially increase tourism visits.
Values and concern: Drivers of innovation in experience-based tourism
Authors: Hoarau-Heemstra Hindertje , Eide Dorthe
Published: December 2017

This paper contributes to the tourism innovation literature by discussing the role of values and concern as drivers of innovation and sources of differentiation in tourism. A qualitative study of four whale-watching companies in Iceland and Norway shows that businesses in the same industry can differentiate through innovation based on their values and concerns. We have operationalized concern as the enactment of values and found four main foci of concern, as follows: customer, environment, society and business. Each focal point is further broken down into various sub-categories. These concerns result in differing innovation priorities and firm practices in the same industry. Businesses develop innovation profiles that distinguish them from competitors and that can attract like-minded stakeholders for cooperation. The implications for theory and practice are suggested.
Children’s analysis processes when analysing qualitative research data: a missing piece to the qualitative research puzzle
Authors: Gillett-Swan Jenna K
Published: December 2017

Children’s role in the research process is often limited to a passive role as subject, recipient or object of data rather than as active contributor. The sociology of childhood considers children to be competent social actors and advocates for them to be recognised as such. This recognition is yet to filter into mainstream research agendas with children often remaining a passive provider to research that seeks to elicit their perspectives. This article presents an examination of the processes that children use when analysing their own qualitative research data as observed within a qualitative research project. It provides insight into the ability to increase the richness of data obtained when researching with children, by including their perspectives and contributions in the data analysis process. Children’s capacity as capable and competent contributors to research beyond the more passive role of participant is described and the ways that children can have a greater participatory role in qualitative data collection and analysis processes are discussed.
Book selection for shared reading: Parents’ considerations and researchers’ views
Authors: Bergman Deitcher Deborah , Aram Dorit , Adar Gali
Published: December 2017

This qualitative study explores parents’ considerations in selecting narrative picturebooks to read with their children. Participants included 104 middle-socioeconomic status parents (84 mothers, 20 fathers) of young children (51 boys, 53 girls; Mage = 61.26, SD = 9.52). We presented parents with two translated children’s books whose content was previously unfamiliar to them: Maurice Sendak’s Where the Wild Things Are (1991) and Julia Donaldson’s Where’s My Mom? (2008). A semi-structured interview stimulated the conversation surrounding what parents consider is a good book to read to their children, what they like in a good children’s book, and why. Parents’ responses highlighted some main considerations: purpose behind their reading, illustrations, centrality of the written text and structure. We highlight how these elements are similar to and different from those that have emerged from research in children’s development, literacy and literature, and recommend how parents, practitioners and the research community can dialogue in ways that may enhance adult–child book interactions.
Prosumer culture and the question of fetishism
Authors: Roberts John M. , Cremin Colin
Published: December 2017

Critical theorists often argue that prosumption leads to new forms of exploitation. For example, social media users generate and produce content for social media pages, but undertake this activity in their leisure time and through their ‘free labour’. Yet, the vast majority are paid nothing by social media companies for their efforts. However, we are sceptical of this particular critical account primarily because we do not believe the framework of ‘exploitation’ is particularly useful when analysing the activity of prosumers. From an alternative Marxist perspective, we suggest, instead, that one important element of prosumption lies in its capacity and potential to develop a new fetish for different capitalist relations. Three main groups of theorists are drawn upon to make this argument: Deleuze and Guattari, Adorno and Horkheimer, and Marcuse and Žižek. From Deleuze and Guattari, we develop the idea that capitalist desire unleashes affectual and creative energies of fetishism, which today can be channelled into prosumption. From Adorno and Horkheimer, we show that this desire is realised through the adaptation of a factory-style do-it-yourself culture to aesthetic production and prosumption within society more generally. From Marcuse, we argue that while capitalism instils in people a desire to consume, it also creates a desire to be liberated from capital which also, as Žižek emphasises, becomes in the form of ethical consumption another object to obtain through capital. In conclusion, we suggest these authors provide a theoretical basis to move beyond problematic dualist accounts that divide and separate prosumers and knowledge capitalism from the circuit of industrial capital.
Beyond ‘behaviour’: The institutionalisation of practice and the case of energy-efficient lighting in Denmark
Authors: Genus Audley , Jensen Charlotte
Published: December 2017

In contrast with approaches which focus on behaviour relating to purchasing decisions and attitudes of consumers, research on social practices emphasises the analysis of what people routinely do and the elements of practice underpinning institutionalisation of collective conventions. This article contributes to this growing stream of literature by investigating social practices relevant to energy-efficient lighting in Denmark. It reports on data collected from ‘ethnographic interviews’ conducted in 16 Danish households and suggests that drawing on insights from institutional theory could enrich our understanding of social practices, for example, in relation to the emergence and embedding of new practices and shedding of ‘old’ ones. In addition to highlighting the elements of practice previously identified as integral to collective conventions and connections among different domains of practice, this article recognises the importance of phenomena usually examined in work emphasising institutional analysis. It suggests that policy interventions need to recognise various kinds of institutional rules and processes which confer legitimacy to emerging practices, to facilitate their sedimentation and contribute to realising environmentally sustainable systems and societies.
Legitimising activism in democracy: A place for antagonism in environmental governance
Authors: Fougère Lillian , Bond Sophie
Published: December 2017

Despite the appearance of a range of opportunities for formal participation in environmental decision-making in Aotearoa New Zealand, postpolitics is very much present, annulling dissent, upholding dominant neoliberal ideals and delegitimising other voices. Through our analysis of a consent decision about a proposed coal mine on the West Coast of Aotearoa New Zealand and the experiences of opposing environmentalists, we offer empirical evidence that illustrates the fluid shifts between antagonism and agonism (after Mouffe) throughout this ‘democratic’ process. We argue that while aspirations for agonism should remain, it is important that planning theory pays attention to the role that power and hegemony play in what could otherwise be considered agonistic planning. Antagonism, the undesirable in Mouffe’s radical democracy, has a critical role in neoliberal contexts, rupturing postpolitics and creating spaces of dissent so that agonistic contestation can provide for robust and rigorous debate in environmental decision-making.
Visual languages: A graphical review
Authors: Costagliola Gennaro , De Rosa Mattia , Fuccella Vittorio , Perna Stefano
Published: December 2017

We present a graphical review of the research on visual languages in the last 20 years. In particular, we gathered and analyzed the data about a set of publications in the field from 1995 to 2014. Visual techniques employed include graph-based visualization such as collaboration, co-citation, and co-word networks. We also adopted geographical views, alluvial diagrams, and timelined charts. The produced charts allowed us to have a deeper knowledge on the field of visual languages and on the scientific community working on it.
Adjustable general line coordinates for visual knowledge discovery in n-D data
Authors: Kovalerchuk Boris , Grishin Vladimir
Published: December 2017

Preserving all multidimensional data in two-dimensional visualization is a long-standing problem in Visual Analytics, Machine Learning/Data Mining, and Multiobjective Pareto Optimization. While Parallel and Radial (Star) coordinates preserve all n-D data in two dimensions, they are not sufficient to address visualization challenges of all possible datasets such as occlusion. More such methods are needed. Recently, the concepts of lossless General Line Coordinates that generalize Parallel, Radial, Cartesian, and other coordinates were proposed with initial exploration and application of several subclasses of General Line Coordinates such as Collocated Paired Coordinates and Star Collocated Paired Coordinates. This article explores and enhances benefits of General Line Coordinates. It shows the ways to increase expressiveness of General Line Coordinates including decreasing occlusion and simplifying visual pattern while preserving all n-D data in two dimensions by adjusting General Line Coordinates for given n-D datasets. The adjustments include relocating, rescaling, and other transformations of General Line Coordinates. One of the major sources of benefits of General Line Coordinates relative to Parallel Coordinates is twice less number of point and lines in visual representation of each n-D points. This article demonstrates the benefits of different General Line Coordinates for real data visual analysis such as health monitoring and benchmark Iris data classification compared with results from Parallel Coordinates, Radvis, and Support Vector Machine. The experimental part of the article presents the results of the experiment with about 70 participants on efficiency of visual pattern discovery using Star Collocated Paired Coordinates, Parallel, and Radial Coordinates. It shows advantages of visual discovery of n-D patterns using General Line Coordinates subclass Star Collocated Paired Coordinates with n = 160 dimensions.
How to become a beekeeper: learning and skill in managing honeybees
Authors: Adams Emily Caroline
Published: December 2017

Beekeeping is a highly skilled form of animal husbandry that dates back to centuries. It has become a popular hobby in the United Kingdom, but as an activity has rarely featured in geographical research. In this article, I present beekeeping as an interesting site of study for cultural geographers interested in enskilment processes, education and expertise. This article draws on in-depth ethnographic research with a community of hobby beekeepers in Lancashire, United Kingdom, to give a detailed analysis of the enskilment process of novice beekeepers, how this process is being shaped and influenced by a trend towards increasingly formal education tools within the community, and what this means for those interested in the power of skilled practice and expertise. In doing so, it explores issues around formal and informal learning environments, the role of social context in shaping learning, the power of government advice, and it illustrates the complexity introduced by close engagement with an insect.
The craft of musical performance: skilled practice in collaboration
Authors: Payne Emily
Published: December 2017

This article examines the nature of skilled practice within two settings of musical performance, the rehearsal and the compositional workshop. Drawing primarily on the work of Richard Sennett and Tim Ingold, I suggest that a characterisation of musical performance as a craft practice attends to the development of skill and expertise through the performer’s physical and everyday encounters with the world and provokes a reconsideration of the dimensions of performance that might otherwise be taken for granted. The first case study addresses rhythmic coordination during a rehearsal of Four Duets for clarinet and piano (2012), composed by Edmund Finnis for Mark Simpson and Víkingur Ólafsson, and the second traces the development of instrumental techniques by composer Evan Johnson and performer Carl Rosman as they collaborate on a new work for historical basset clarinet, ‘indolentiae ars’, a medium to be kept (2015). The article makes the case for skilled practice as an improvisatory interplay between performers and the meshwork of people, objects, histories and processes which they inhabit.
Incorporating cardiopulmonary resuscitation training into a cardiac rehabilitation programme: A feasibility study
Authors: Cartledge Susie , Finn Judith , Bray Janet E , Case Rosalind , Barker Lauren , Missen Diane , Shaw James , Stub Dion
Published: December 2017

Background:

Patients with a cardiac history are at future risk of cardiac events, including out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Targeting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to family members of cardiac patients has long been advocated, but is an area in need of contemporary research evidence. An environment yet to be investigated for targeted training is cardiac rehabilitation.

Aim:

To evaluate the feasibility of providing CPR training in a cardiac rehabilitation programme among patients, their family members and staff.

Methods:

A prospective before and after study design was used. CPR training was delivered using video self-instruction CPR training kits, facilitated by a cardiac nurse. Data was collected pre-training, post-training and at one month.

Results:

Cardiac patient participation rates in CPR classes were high ( n = 56, 72.7% of eligible patients) with a further 27 family members attending training. Patients were predominantly male (60.2%), family members were predominantly female (81.5%), both with a mean age of 65 years. Confidence to perform CPR and willingness to use skills significantly increased post-training (both p<0.001). Post training participants demonstrated a mean compression rate of 112 beats/min and a mean depth of 48 mm. Training reach was doubled as participants shared the video self-instruction kit with a further 87 people. Patients, family members and cardiac rehabilitation staff had positive feedback about the training.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation is an effective and feasible environment to provide CPR training. Using video self-instruction CPR training kits enabled further training reach to the target population.
Confucian reflective commitment and free expression
Authors: Elstein David
Published: December 2017

As Confucian political thought is adapted to modern circumstances, the question of free expression merits more attention. Most contemporary Confucian political theorists accept a right to political free expression, but this is hard to reconcile with traditional Confucian sources which mainly argue for the need to limit expression in various ways. Through a comparison with John Stuart Mill’s classic account, I make a case that although Confucianism does not accept liberal neutrality, it does appreciate the need for a kind of autonomy in choosing values that I call reflective commitment. This is a long-standing value in Confucian thought. Confucian reflective commitment is not identical to liberal reflective commitment, but it is structurally similar enough to ground free expression of ethical and political views. Expression that is not mainly propositional (such as art) or does not argue for a position on values is a different question, and here Confucians will generally accept more restrictions than liberals. However, legal prohibition of expression is a complex matter and must take into account a number of factors.
Social justice and the distribution of republican freedom
Authors: Peterson Jonathan
Published: December 2017

A republican theory of social justice specifies how republican freedom should be distributed. The goal of this paper is to assess the plausibility of two recently proposed principles of republican social justice: an aggregative maximizing principle defended by Philip Pettit in Republicanism and a sufficiency principle of republican social justice offered by Pettit in On the People’s Terms. The maximizing principle must be rejected because it permits under-protecting vulnerable members of society in favor of increasing the freedom of the powerful. The sufficiency principle avoids the most basic objection to the maximizing principle, but it is at best an incomplete theory of social justice. Social justice requires principle(s) for determining the justice of distributions above the sufficiency threshold and republican theory does not determine which principle(s) should govern distributions above this threshold. Republicans must therefore decide whether they will incorporate an independent commitment to equality within their theory of social justice.
Field test of a coaxial dual rotor vertical axis turbine
Authors: Xie Yu , Kang Haigui , Chen Bing , Guo Wei
Published: December 2017

Tidal current technology offers one of the most promising sources of marine power. Vertical axis turbines have some unique advantages over other types of machine, but there are a number of problems that hinder their development, notably their poor self-starting performance and high cost. In order to address these issues, a coaxial dual rotor vertical axis turbine with 60° shift angle has been developed and field tests have been carried out in Dalian China to evaluate the performance of the prototype. According to the test results, the range of the prototype’s tip speed ratio was from 1.5 to 3.4 with an optimum of 1.8. The capacity factors during the tidal cycle (about 6.5 h in the test site) of the flood tide and ebb tide were 23.9% and 17%. The system efficiency can reach about 28% when the current velocity is about 1.5 m/s. The side wall effect and velocimeter deviation are also analyzed. The main range of self-starting current velocity of the prototype is from 1.1 to 1.3 m/s. The probability that the turbine started spontaneously at current velocity below 1.4 m/s is 96%. The results show that the coaxial dual rotor turbine performs well on energy efficiency and self-starting performance without significant cost implications.
Numerical investigation of flow pattern and hydrodynamic forces of submerged marine propellers using unsteady boundary element method
Authors: Najafi Saeed , Abbaspoor Madjid
Published: December 2017

In this study, a numerical model of unsteady potential flow around submerged marine propellers has been developed. The boundary element approach in combination with time stepping method to model free wake dynamics has been implemented. An important feature of this method in the simulation of pressure-dominant problems is a proper balance between time and accuracy in the numerical process. Another advantage of time stepping method is that there is no need to define wake geometry before modeling. Due to inherent instability of boundary integral equations, a smoothing function to damp the effect of singularities is imposed to the solution. The main innovative idea of this work is that the effect of this mollifier function with different constants for elimination of singularity in mean induced velocity equation has been investigated. The mathematical formulation and implementation of numerical algorithm followed by a number of test cases to verify the model are presented. The results indicate good agreements between model and experiments.
Dynamic mechanism of phase differences in One degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration of a cylindrical structure
Authors: Han Xiangxi , Zhang Xiaojun , Tang Youhong , Qiu Ang , Lin Wei , Zhao Chengbi
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide some insights into the phase mechanism of a cylindrical vortex–induced vibration. A transient coupled fluid–structure interaction numerical model is adopted to simulate a cylindrical vortex–induced vibration. The vortex shedding around the cylinder is investigated numerically by a two-dimensional large eddy simulation approach which can catch more details of the flow field and more accuracy on computing hydrodynamic forces. The vortex shedding modes and response and hydrodynamic forces of a cylindrical vortex–induced vibration are acquired with varied frequency ratios. According to differences in the vortex shedding location, the vortex wake can be characterized by two kinds of mode, the “first mode” and the “second mode.” The mechanisms behind the phases of the first mode and the second mode vortex wakes are investigated, and it is found that the flow speed induced by a cylindrical transverse vibration and the position of a vortex release are the root causes of the phase difference between the lift coefficient and transverse displacement. The speeds caused by a cylinder vibration and a cylinder-shed vortex are the reasons that the lift amplitude of an oscillatory cylinder is different from that of a fixed cylinder.
Remaining useful life prediction of rolling element bearings using degradation feature based on amplitude decrease at specific frequencies
Authors: An Dawn , Choi Joo-Ho , Kim Nam H.
Published: December 2017

This research presents a new method of degradation feature extraction to predict remaining useful life, the remaining time to the maintenance, of rolling element bearings. Since bearing fault is the foremost cause of failure in rotating machinery, there are many studies for evaluating bearings’ health status to prevent a catastrophic failure. Most of these studies are based on health monitoring data, such as vibration signals that are indirectly related to bearing fault, from which degradation feature can be extracted. It is, however, challenging to extract a degradation feature that can be applied to all rolling elements. This study focuses on the amplitude decrease at specific frequencies, from which a robust degradation feature is extracted by employing the information entropy. Some important attributes are found from the degradation feature, which is used to predict the remaining useful life of bearings. This method is demonstrated using the real test data provided by FEMTO-ST Institute. The results show that bearings can be used up to 87% of their whole life and 59%–74% of life in average.
Detection and localization of impact damages in carbon nanotube–modified epoxy adhesive films with printed circuits
Authors: Augustin Till , Karsten Julian , Fiedler Bodo
Published: December 2017

The study deals with an online monitoring approach for adhesively bonded composite joints. A modification of epoxy-based adhesive films with carbon nanotubes allows for electrical resistance measurements through the bonding via inkjet-printed silver conductive circuits on the composites structure. Impact damages are introduced into adhesively bonded glass fiber–reinforced polymer specimens. In-plane and through-thickness electrical resistance measurements show the possibility of accurate damage detection and damage localization of the introduced damages in one or two dimensions, depending on the conductive path designs. The measured electrical resistance changes are compared with results from ultrasonic inspections and light microscopy observations. Furthermore, a linear correlation of electrical resistance and bond line thickness was found. The results demonstrate the applicability of the presented method in a structural health monitoring system.
Dynamic pedestrian lighting: Effects on walking speed, legibility and environmental perception
Authors: Pedersen E , Johansson M
Published: December 2017

LED technology provides new opportunities to change the illuminance on pedestrian pathways in response to the presence of people. This study explores possible effects of dimming as such on walking, legibility and perception. In an indoor full-scale laboratory, 61 participants walked along a 19-m pathway with a motion-detection sensor 10 m before an LED luminaire. The participants walked significantly slower under dimmed than static lighting conditions, even after the illuminance had increased. Legibility decreased with the extent of dimming. The larger the difference in illuminance between dimmed and full light, the stronger the self-reported reaction. The results indicate that changes in illuminance affect walking, and that legibility and perception are affected by the overall lighting design of pedestrian pathways rather than by dimming as such.
Spectral characteristics of road surfaces and eye transmittance: Effects on energy efficiency of road lighting at mesopic levels
Authors: Preciado OU , Manzano ER
Published: December 2017

In 2010, the CIE published a recommended system for mesopic photometry based on visual performance. According to this system, scenes illuminated at mesopic levels with light sources of high S/P ratio, will produce better visual performance than those illuminated with light sources of a lower S/P ratio at equal photopic luminance. However, there could be other factors affected by SPD that, when quantified, could lead to a contradictory final effect. The scope of this paper was to evaluate how road lighting is affected by the spectral road surface reflectance and by the human eye transmittance as people get older. Our results suggest that the benefits of considering the mesopic vision effect for light sources with high S/P ratios are totally counteracted by the other two effects at mesopic luminances between 0.75 cd/m2 and 1.73 cd/m2 for people between 20 and 60 years of age, depending on the light source and the age of observers.
Proof-of-concept of a building-integrated hybrid concentrator photovoltaics-lighting system
Authors: Núñez R , Antón I , Sala G
Published: December 2017

A hybrid concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) module that combines the production of electricity and transports sunlight is proposed as a means to reduce the energy needs of buildings by two complementary solar energy approaches. Both concepts share the need for a solar tracker and an infrastructure to concentrate the sunlight which allows a reduction in costs of the proposed system. The CPV part is a well-known technology to produce electricity that serves as a host for the light subpart that transports sunlight through optical fibres. Measurements of a proof-of-concept show that in nominal conditions the lighting subpart is more efficient in the task of transporting sunlight than converting sunlight to electricity and then to light again. The efficiency threshold is a direct function of the fibre material and distance transported and the generated light is very similar to the solar light in terms of spectral content. Based on PMMA optical fibres and conventional CPV technology, the hybrid module converts 28.7% of the sunlight into electricity. Regarding the light transported by the optical fibres they slightly shift sunlight to bluish white but the quality of light is still comparable to a typical fluorescent lamp used in offices.
Fighting like M-Cats and dogs: Users’ accounts of the links between mephedrone use and violence
Authors: Brookman Fiona , Bennett Trevor H.
Published: December 2017

There is a growing belief among medical practitioners and researchers that mephedrone use and violence are in some way connected. However, there has been little research conducted on either the association or the causal connection between mephedrone use and violence. Drawing upon in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 12 mephedrone users and open-ended questions from a questionnaire survey of 67 mephedrone users, the paper explores the relationship between mephedrone use and violent behaviour as perceived by users. Our research adds to current knowledge by presenting users’ accounts of the connection between mephedrone use and violence, by suggesting ways of applying current discussions on mechanisms-based causality in an empirical setting, and by building on Goldstein’s tripartite framework through the development of frequently occurring sub-categories.
‘Gender education’ in the post-Soviet Belarus: Between authoritarian power, neoliberal ideology, and democratic institutions
Authors: Shchurko Tatsiana
Published: December 2017

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus began to develop a national system of education trying to balance the prioritization of Soviet legacy, strong state control, and processes of democratization. The system of education is a powerful translator of dominant ideologies and legitimate concepts, including the concepts of gender and sexuality. The Belarusian education system is an important component of the state machinery, meaning that changes in the education system are often interconnected with certain changes in public policy, and therefore reflect the official position related to various aspects of social life. In the article, I explore the application of gender education in Belarus, as well as the configuration of discourses that inform the concept of gender education in a specific local context. I analyze discourses of state legislation on education and textbooks on gender education. I argue that gender education was co-opted by the state to serve the interests of national security to legitimize one model of social relations and exclude others in favor of the interests of biopolitical governance, nation-building, and neoliberal ideology.
Investigating the Origins of the Gender Gap in Support for War
Authors: Lizotte Mary-Kate
Published: December 2017

Gender is an important source of influence on foreign policy attitudes but has received less research attention than it deserves. In the United States, gender differences on support for military interventions average around 8 percent, with women less likely than men to support the use of force. This gap has surfaced in many conflicts, including World War II, the Korean and Vietnam wars, through to the Gulf War and the conflict in Iraq. The existence of a modest though persistent gender difference in support of the use of military force thus arouses considerable interest among political researchers. This piece critically discusses four explanations, the empirical evidence to date, and future directions for studying and testing the origins of this gender gap. The four explanations are economic/political marginalization, feminist identity, Social Role Theory, and value differences.