bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of topical oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Xian‐Kun , Li Rao , Yang Xiao‐Ling , Yuan Li
Published: May 2022

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical oxygen therapy (TOT) in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), researchers systematically retrieved relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov. Relevant studies were searched from database inception to January 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 16.0. A total of seven RCTs involving 614 participants were included. Compared with the control group, the TOT group had a higher healing rate (RR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.33, 2.00]). According to descriptive analysis, TOT reduced the ulcer area and improved healing durability and quality of life. Furthermore, it had no effect on the occurrence of adverse events. However, it was unclear whether it would be able to reduce the healing time. The existing evidence suggests that TOT is effective and safe for chronic DFUs. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings.
The role of gender and employment status in MOOC learning: An exploratory study
Authors: Dai Hai Min , Teo Timothy , Rappa Natasha Anne
Published: May 2022

Background

Learners in a given massive open online course (MOOC) are usually provided with the same learning materials, guided by the same syllabus, and assessed in the same format. This “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach constrains learners' ability to reap the optimal benefits from online learning.

Objectives

This study aims to characterize learners' differences in MOOC learning. Specifically, it examines how learners might vary in their enrolment motivation and the development of continuance intention to learn in a MOOC because of their gender and employment status.

Methods

Data were collected via a questionnaire survey. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse data from 664 learners in a Chinese MOOC.

Results and Conclusion

The research revealed significant differences in learners' enrolment motivation across groups defined by employment status, but not for gender groups. Learner groups defined by gender and employment status experienced variant psychological processes when deciding to continue to learn in the MOOC.

Major Takeaways

Working adults stressed the instrumental values derived from MOOC learning; therefore, it is vital to design and integrate additional features into the MOOC to satisfy their needs. Besides, it would be critical to understand female learners' and working adults' expectations of MOOC learning, as they are more sensitive to confirmation in determining their attitudes toward learning in a MOOC. A short pre‐course survey of learners' expectations would serve the purpose.
The presence of a urinary catheter is an important predictor of in‐hospital mortality in internal medicine patients
Authors: Shimoni Zvi , Froom Paul , Silke Bernard , Benbassat Jochanan
Published: May 2022

Rationale and Objective

Mortality rates are used to assess the quality of hospital care after appropriate adjustment for case‐mix. Urinary catheters are frequent in hospitalized adults and might be a marker of patient frailty and illness severity. However, we know of no attempts to estimate the predictive value of indwelling catheters for specific patient outcomes. The objective of the present study was to (a) identify the variables associated with the presence of a urinary catheter and (b) determine whether it predicts in‐hospital mortality after adjustment for these variables.

Methods

The study population included all acutely admitted adult patients in 2020 (exploratory cohort) and January–October 2021 (validation cohort) to internal medicine, cardiology and intensive care departments at the Laniado Hospital, a regional hospital with 400 beds in Israel. There were no exclusion criteria. The predictor variables were the presence of a urinary catheter on admission, age, gender, comorbidities and admission laboratory test results. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to test the associations between the presence of a urinary catheter and mortality after adjustment for the remaining independent variables on admission.

Results

The presence of a urinary catheter was associated with other independent variables. In 2020, the odds of in‐hospital mortality in patients with a urinary catheter before and after adjustment for the remaining predictors were 14.3 (11.6–17.7) and 6.05 (4.78–7.65), respectively. Adding the presence of a urinary catheter to the prediction logistic regression model increased its c‐statistic from 0.887 (0.880–0.894) to 0.907 (0.901–0.913). The results of the validation cohort reduplicated those of the exploratory cohort.

Conclusions

The presence of a urinary catheter on admission is an important and independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality in acutely hospitalized adults in internal medicine departments.
Characterising body composition and bone health in transgender individuals receiving gender‐affirming hormone therapy
Authors: Ford Ky , Huggins Elizabeth , Sheean Patricia
Published: May 2022

Background

Gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is prescribed to produce secondary sex characteristics aligning external anatomy with gender identity to mitigate gender dysphoria. Transgender women are generally treated with oestrogens and anti‐androgens, whereas transgender men are treated with testosterone. The objective of this narrative review was to characterise the influence of GAHT on body composition and bone health in the transgender population to help address weight concerns and chronic disease risk.

Methods

Studies were extracted from PubMed and Scopus and limited to only those utilising imaging technologies for precise adipose tissue, lean mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) quantification.

Results

Although methodologies differed across the 20 investigations that qualified for inclusion, clear relationships emerged. Specifically, among transgender women, most studies supported associations between oestrogen therapy and decreases in lean mass and increases in both, fat mass and body mass index (BMI). Within transgender men, all studies reported associations between testosterone therapy and increases in lean mass, and although not as consistent, increases in BMI and decreases in fat mass. No consistent changes in BMD noted for either group.

Conclusions

Additional research is needed to appropriately assess and evaluate the implications of these body composition changes over time (beyond 1 year) in larger, more diverse groups across all BMI categories. Future studies should also seek to evaluate nutrient intake, energy expenditure and other important lifestyle habits to diminish health disparities within this vulnerable population. Policies are needed to help integrate registered dietitians into the routine care of transgender individuals.
“When we got divorced, I left all my things behind.”: How the lifespan of household goods is linked to the biographical trajectory of their owners
Authors: Madon Julie
Published: May 2022

Social science research suggests that in our current affluent societies, individuals are accustomed to frequently replacing their household goods. However, some still try to keep their objects for a long time. How do they come to be concerned about products’ lifespan? This paper draws on a powerful method already explored in the literature on consumption: the diachronic approach through individual life trajectories. Analyzing interviews conducted with 60 individuals seeking to make their objects last, this biographical approach allows identifying some factors that explain people's propensity to make objects last. This paper shows that the tendency to keep objects for a long time can come from the familial milieu, just as it can happen later, in connection with personal events—advancement in the life cycle, bifurcations in the personal course, or interactions with public discourses and objects’ breakdowns. Finally, it demonstrates that biographical events can also have a one‐time influence on products’ careers in the households, without changing the individual's relationship to objects’ lifespan—these can be personal or more historical and exceptional events, such as lockdown during the COVID‐19 crisis.
Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish
Authors: Godivier Josepha , Lawrence Elizabeth A. , Wang Mengdi , Hammond Chrissy L. , Nowlan Niamh C.
Published: May 2022

In early limb embryogenesis, synovial joints acquire specific shapes which determine joint motion and function. The process by which the opposing cartilaginous joint surfaces are moulded into reciprocal and interlocking shapes, called joint morphogenesis, is one of the least understood aspects of joint formation and the cell‐level dynamics underlying it are yet to be unravelled. In this research, we quantified key cellular dynamics involved in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish jaw joint and synthesised them in a predictive computational simulation of joint development. Cells in larval zebrafish jaw joints labelled with cartilage markers were tracked over a 48‐h time window using confocal imaging. Changes in distance and angle between adjacent cell centroids resulting from cell rearrangement, volume expansion and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were measured and used to calculate the rate and direction of local tissue deformations. We observed spatially and temporally heterogeneous growth patterns with marked anisotropy over the developmental period assessed. There was notably elevated growth at the level of the retroarticular process of the Meckel's cartilage, a feature known to undergo pronounced shape changes during zebrafish development. Analysis of cell dynamics indicated a dominant role for cell volume expansion in growth, with minor influences from ECM volume increases and cell intercalation. Cell proliferation in the joint was minimal over the timeframe of interest. Synthesising the dynamic cell data into a finite element model of jaw joint development resulted in accurate shape predictions. Our biofidelic computational simulation demonstrated that zebrafish jaw joint growth can be reasonably approximated based on cell positional information over time, where cell positional information derives mainly from cell orientation and cell volume expansion. By modifying the input parameters of the simulation, we were able to assess the relative contributions of heterogeneous growth rates and of growth orientation. The use of uniform rather than heterogeneous growth rates only minorly impacted the shape predictions, whereas isotropic growth fields resulted in altered shape predictions. The simulation results suggest that growth anisotropy is the dominant influence on joint growth and morphogenesis. This study addresses the gap of the cellular processes underlying joint morphogenesis, with implications for understanding the aetiology of developmental joint disorders such as developmental dysplasia of the hip and arthrogryposis.
Exploration of note writing by mental health nurses using a video scenario
Authors: Martin Krystle , Bickle Korri , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Lok Jessica
Published: May 2022

Aims and objections

We aimed to explore the content and language of nursing documentation and gain insight into the internal processes of nurses while notetaking.

Background

Documentation is a core competency of mental health nursing, has clinical and ethical importance and is the integral to the efficient and effective care provided to patients. However, issues related to the content and quality of nursing notes continues to be a concern and there remains gaps in our understanding about the internal processes that nurses engage in when writing notes.

Design

We used a mixed method design that included a content analysis with note review and interviews.

Methods

After watching a video, psychiatric nurses (n = 27) wrote a note and then were interviewed about their note taking process. We used the COREQ guidelines for reporting our data.

Results

Participants relied on four main themes when determining what to include in their notes—what happened and what the patient said or did, plus anything different than baseline, and safety concerns. Analyses revealed the presence of bias in the notetaking and participants were not familiar with effective strategies to mitigate these during the documentation process. Lastly, we found that notes are typically consistent in using some of the SOAPE format with notes focused on direct observations and the use of ‘facts’, while assessment and construction of treatment plans are used to a lesser extent.

Conclusions

Our results provide insight into the decision‐making process of nursing staff regarding their documentation practices: overall they appear unaware of the importance of their notes, and believe that capturing the facts about their patients is important, while devaluing their own input and interpretations.

Relevance to clinical practice

Our results provide evidence that mental health nurses may need additional training regarding documentation, more specifically about what to include, word choice and bias.
In Silico Finite Element Analysis of Implant‐Supported CAD‐CAM Resin Composite Crowns
Authors: Karaer Oğuzcan , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Imazato Satoshi , Terzioglu Hakan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of an implant‐supported crown made using computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) resin composite (RC) blocks in the posterior region.

Material and methods

Four commercially available CAD‐CAM RC blocks were used in this study: Cerasmart 300 (CS300; GC, Tokyo, Japan), Katana Avencia P Block (KAP; Kuraray Noritake Dental, Niigata, Japan); KZR HR3 Gamma Theta (HR3; Yamakin, Osaka, Japan), and Estelite P block (ESP; Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan). Katana Zirconia STML (ST; Kuraray Noritake Dental) was used as the control group. The elastic moduli of each material were determined by a three‐point bending test. After the CAD models were designed, two different loading scenarios (oblique, vertical) were created. 3D finite element analysis was conducted with the prepared models.

Results

The elastic modulus of the material utilized for the implant restorations did not cause any change in the stresses transmitted to the implant or peripheral bone. An important difference was detected in the abutment‐crown junction area. The minimum von Mises value at the abutment‐crown interface was obtained in ST, which has the closest elastic modulus to the titanium abutment.

Conclusions

The 3D finite element model designed in this study was used to demonstrate that implant‐supported crowns fabricated with four different CAD‐CAM RCs showed no critical stress concentrations in the bone or implant under all loading conditions. These results suggest that CAD‐CAM RC blocks could be used as an alternative material for implant‐supported restorations in the posterior region in terms of stress distribution.
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate induces IDO and IFNγ expression of human periodontal ligament cells through P2X7 receptor signaling
Authors: Kyawsoewin Maythwe , Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Ngaokrajang Utapin , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum
Published: May 2022

Background

Mechanical stimuli induce the release of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular environment by human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) plays the role in both inflammation and osteogenic differentiation. eATP involves in immunosuppressive action by increasing immunosuppressive molecules IDO and IFNγ expression on immune cells. However, the role of eATP on the immunomodulation of hPDLCs remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of eATP on the IDO and IFNγ expression of hPDLCs and the participation of purinergic P2 receptors in this phenomenon.

Methods

hPDLCs were treated with eATP. The mRNA and protein expression of indoleamine‐pyrrole 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) were determined. The role of the purinergic P2 receptor was determined using calcium chelator (EGTA) and PKC inhibitor (PKCi). Chemical inhibitors (KN62 and BBG), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and P2X7 receptor agonist (BzATP) were used to confirm the involvement of P2X7 receptors on IDO and IFNγ induction by hPDLCs.

Results

eATP significantly enhanced mRNA expression of IDO and IFNγ. Moreover, eATP increased kynurenine which is the active metabolite of tryptophan breakdown catalyzed by the IDO enzyme and significantly induced IFNγ protein expression. EGTA and PKCi reduced eATP‐induced IDO and IFNγ expressions by hPDLCs, confirming the role of calcium signaling. Chemical P2X7 inhibitors (KN62 and BBG) and siRNA targeting the P2X7 receptor significantly inhibited the eATP‐induced IDO and IFNγ production. Correspondingly, BzATP markedly increased IDO and IFNγ expression.

Conclusion

eATP induced immunosuppressive function of hPDLCs by promoting IDO and IFNγ production via P2X7 receptor signaling. eATP may become a promising target for periodontal regeneration by modulating immune response and further triggering tissue healing.
The efficacy of vapocoolant spray for the improved tolerance of catheter pain in emergency patients
Authors: Trinder R. , Humm K. , Phillips S. , Cole L.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to determine if dogs and cats presenting as an emergency had improved tolerance of intravenous catheterisation following the application of vapocoolant spray when compared to a saline control.

Materials and Methods

A randomised controlled trial of client‐owned dogs and cats presenting as an emergency and requiring intravenous catheterisation was performed. Patient signalment and mentation score were recorded. All animals were restrained and had their fur clipped over the catheterisation site. They were then randomly allocated to either have a swab saturated with vapocoolant spray (treatment) or a swab saturated with saline (control) applied to the clipped area before intravenous catheterisation. The procedure was video recorded and a single blinded observer reviewed the recordings and assigned reaction scores (0 to 3) at four time points (initial restraint, limb handling, swab application and skin puncture).

Results

Between October 2020 and January 2021, a total of 100 patients (79 dogs, 21 cats) were enrolled, with 50 in each group. No significant difference in species, age, breed, sex or mentation score was detected between the two groups. There was no significant difference in reaction scores between the groups at any time point with the exception of a significantly increased swab application reaction score in the treatment group compared to the control group.

Clinical Significance

The indirect application of vapocoolant spray via a swab before catheterisation does not significantly reduce the reaction of dogs and cats to intravenous catheterisation in an emergency setting.
Long term patterns of association between MHC and helminth burdens in the bank vole support Red Queen dynamics
Authors: Migalska Magdalena , Przesmycka Karolina , Alsarraf Mohammed , Bajer Anna , Behnke‐Borowczyk Jolanta , Grzybek Maciej , Behnke Jerzy M. , Radwan Jacek
Published: May 2022

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes encode proteins crucial for adaptive immunity of vertebrates. Negative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS), resulting from adaptation of parasites to common MHC types, has been hypothesized to maintain high, functionally relevant polymorphism of MHC, but demonstration of this relationship has remained elusive. In particular, differentiation of NFDS from fluctuating selection, resulting from changes in parasite communities in time and space (FS), has proved difficult in short‐term studies. Here, we used temporal data, accumulated through long‐term monitoring of helminths infecting bank voles (Myodes glareolus), to test specific predictions of NFDS on MHC class II. Data were collected in three, moderately genetically differentiated subpopulations in Poland, which were characterized by some stable spatiotemporal helminth communities but also events indicating introduction of new species and loss of others. We found a complex association between individual MHC diversity and species richness, where intermediate numbers of DRB supertypes correlated with lowest species richness, but the opposite was true for DQB supertypes—arguing against universal selection for immunogenetic optimality. We also showed that particular MHC supertypes explain a portion of the variance in prevalence and abundance of helminths, but this effect was subpopulation‐specific, which is consistent with both NFDS and FS. Finally, in line with NFDS, we found that certain helminths that have recently colonized or spread in a given subpopulation, more frequently or intensely infected voles with MHC supertypes that have been common in the recent past. Overall, our results highlight complex spatial and temporal patterns of MHC‐parasite associations, the latter being consistent with Red Queen coevolutionary dynamics.
Extrafloral nectary development, characterization and secretion in Chamaecrista debilis and Chamaecrista desvauxii var. langsdorfii (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Coutinho Ítalo Antônio Cotta , Francino Dayana Maria Teodoro , Dalvi Valdnéa Casagrande , Strozi Alves Meira Renata Maria
Published: May 2022

Although the petiole glands in Chamaecrista are usually termed extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), additional studies on the morphoanatomy and chemical nature of the exudates are necessary to properly classify a plant secretory structure. The correct classification of such structures is also important in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Based on standard anatomical procedures for light microscopy our study aims to broaden our current understanding of the EFNs in Chamaecrista. We describe and compare the ontogenesis and the morphoanatomy of the petiole EFNs in C. debilis and C. desvauxii var. langsdorfii, species that belong to two distinct sections in Chamaecrista. The morphoanatomy along with the presence of sugars in exudates supports the classification of the petiole glands in both species as EFNs. The EFN development is rapid, and their secretory activity starts before the young leaves complete their expansion. The major difference among the EFNs of both species is their outer morphology which is useful on the taxonomy. Both EFNs are anatomically similar and composed of a secretory epidermis, a nectariferous parenchyma and vascular tissue more abundant in phloem in comparison to xylem.
Two new synonyms for Chaerophyllum bulbosum based on morphological, anatomical and molecular data
Authors: Çelik Mustafa , Çetin Özlem
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to analyse the support for reducing Chaerophyllum karsianum and C. posofianum, both local endemic to northeast Anatolia, to synonyms of C. bulbosum. Chaerophyllum karsianum is closely related to C. bulbosum but may be distinguished from it by its pink petals, ciliate bracteoles, entire leaf segments and 12–16 rays. Chaerophyllum posofianum is also closely related to C. bulbosum but differs from it by its entire leaf segments, ciliate bracteoles and purple anthers. However, our field observations and examination of herbarium specimens showed that all these diagnostic morphological characters overlap. The flower color of C. bulbosum ranges from white to purple within populations or even individuals, and the bracteole margin ranges from entire to ciliate. We also investigated and compared the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of fruits of C. bulbosum, C. karsianum and C. posofianum, but found no diagnostic differences. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence data generated for the present study showed that the internal transcribed spacer sequences of C. karsianum and C. posofianum were identical to those of C. bulbosum. Our results thus strongly support that C. bulbosum, C. karsianum and C. posofianum are conspecific.
Jurinea boreoiranica (Asteraceae, Cardueae), a new chasmophyte species from eastern Alborz, Iran
Authors: Mirtadzadini Mansour , Naderi Reza
Published: May 2022

Jurinea boreoiranica (Asteraceae, Cardueae, sect. Incertae) is described as a new species from the Alborz mountain range in northern Iran. The new species is morphologically close to J. meda, mainly for the presence of semiglobose involucre and scapose stems, but differs in height of plant, features of leaves and length of achene and pappus. This species is a xerophytic and Irano‐Turanian element distributed on rocky slopes in the arid parts of Eastern Alborz. Description and photos as well as some ecologic properties and phytogeography of the new species are presented.
Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis by Periarticular Knee Osteotomy
Authors: Ma Xin‐long , Hu Yong‐cheng , Wang Kun‐zheng ,   The Chinese Hospital Association Clinical Medical Technology Application Committee,   The Joint Surgery Branch of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association,   The Subspecialty Group of Osteoarthritis, Chinese Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Published: May 2022

Unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (UKOA) is the early stage of knee joint degeneration, which is characterized by unicompartmental degeneration and mostly occurs in medial compartment. Pain and limited motion are main symptoms, which affect patients' life quality. Periarticular knee osteotomy (PKO) for lower extremity alignment correction is an effective treatment for UKOA with abnormal alignment, which could relieve pain and improve joint function by adjusting lower extremity alignment. At present, no clinical guidelines are available for the treatment of UKOA by PKO for lower extremity alignment correction. Experts from the Clinical New Technology Application Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association, Joint Surgery Study Group of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association of the Chinese Medical Association, and Osteoarthritis Study Group of the Chinese Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association formulated these guidelines. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) grading system and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) were adopted to select 25 most concerning questions. Finally, 25 recommendations were formulated through evidence retrieval, evidence quality evaluation, and the determination of directions and strength of recommendations. Recommendation items 1–5 are indications and contraindications for PKO for lower extremity alignment correction, items 6–21 are surgical methods and principles, item 22 describes 3D printing corrective osteotomy technique, and items 23–25 address the perioperative period, follow‐up management, and other content. These guidelines are designed to improve the normalization and standardization of KOA treatment by PKO for lower extremity alignment correction.
Feasibility, safety and outcomes of upgrading to left bundle branch pacing in patients with right ventricular pacing induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rademakers Leonard M. , Bouwmeester Sjoerd , Mast Thomas P. , Dekker Lukas , Houthuizen Patrick , Bracke Frank A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Right ventricular pacing (RVP) induces abnormal electrical activation and asynchronous ventricular contraction and leads to pacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in 10%–20% of patients. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) utilizing biventricular pacing (BVP) is the recommended treatment. Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is a novel physiological pacing technique which may serve as an alternative to CRT. This study assessed feasibility and outcomes of LBBP delivered CRT in patients with PICM.

Methods

Total 20 consecutive patients with PICM who received an upgrade of their pacemaker to LBBP were prospectively studied. Acute success rate, complications, functional and echocardiographic response, and hospitalization for heart failure within 6 months from implantation were evaluated.

Results

LBBP was successfully delivered in all patients. Median duration of RVP before upgrade to LBBP was 3.8 years and the RVP was 99%. LBBP resulted in significant QRS narrowing (from 193 ± 18 ms to 130 ± 17 ms [p < .001]), improvement in LVEF (from 32% ± 6 % to 47% ± 8% [p < .001]) and NYHA class (from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 1.4 ± 0.5 [p < .001]) at 6 months. No LBBP‐related complications occurred. No patients were hospitalized for heart failure or died.

Conclusion

LBBP is feasible and safe in delivering CRT in PICM. Preliminary analyses demonstrated significant electrical resynchronization and favorable improvement in LV function and NYHA functional class at short term follow‐up. Data needs to be validated in large randomized controlled trials.
Program implementation and outcomes from three cohorts of the nurse‐family partnership nurse residency program
Authors: Harpin Scott B. , Artmann Amy L. A. , Neal Michelle , Robertson Glenda , Barton Amy J.
Published: May 2022

Background

The purpose of this paper is to describe a Nurse‐Family Partnership (NFP) Nurse Residency Program (NRP) and program outcomes.

Methods

Dual methods were used to evaluate the first three cohorts of the NFP NRP. Participants were new NFP nurses, most working in Colorado. Pre‐(n = 42) and post‐program (n = 26) surveys were completed using the Individual Workplace Perception Scale (IWPS) and endorsement of program objectives; key informant interviews were done with the initial cohort. Descriptive statistics and unpaired t‐tests (for the IWPS) were used to explain program effectiveness and efficacy.

Results

Forty‐two NFP nurses participated in the program at the onset. There was consistent attendance (92% or more) among those who finished and modest individual attrition during the length of the program. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the content and meeting program objectives; there were no significant differences on pre‐ and post‐program IWPS scores.

Conclusions

The program was well‐received by program participants and has the potential to contribute to the professional development of new NFP nurses.
Parafoveal words can modulate sentence meaning: Electrophysiological evidence from an RSVP‐with‐flanker task
Authors: Li Nan , Dimigen Olaf , Sommer Werner , Wang Suiping
Published: May 2022

During natural reading, readers can take up some visual information from not‐yet‐fixated words to the right of the current fixation and it is well‐established that this parafoveal preview facilitates the subsequent foveal processing of the word. However, the extraction and integration of word meaning from parafoveal words and their possible influence on the semantic content of the sentence are controversial. In the current study, we recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) in the RSVP‐with‐flankers paradigm to test whether and how updates of sentential meaning, based only on parafoveal information, may influence the subsequent foveal processing. In Chinese sentences, the congruency of parafoveal and foveal target words with the sentence was orthogonally manipulated. In contrast to previous research, we also controlled for potentially confounding effects of parafoveal‐to‐foveal repetition priming (identity preview effects) on the N400. Crucially, we found that the classic effect of foveal congruency on the N400 component only appeared when the word in preview had been congruent with sentence meaning; in contrast, there was no N400 as a function of foveal incongruency when the preview word had also been incongruent. These results indicate that sentence meaning rapidly adapts to parafoveal preview, altering the semantic context for the subsequently fixated word. We also show that correct parafoveal preview generally attenuates the N400 once a word is fixated, regardless of congruency. Taken together, our findings underline the highly generative and adaptive framework of language comprehension.
A review on the pathogenic bacterium Nocardia seriolae: aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and vaccine development
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Chen Guoquan , Xia Liqun , Lu Yishan
Published: May 2022

Nocardia seriolae, a gram‐positive branching filamentous bacterium, is the causative agent of fish nocardiosis. It mainly infects fish through gills, anus, lateral line or surface injury, resulting in a large number of white nodules in visceral organs and skin ulcerations. N. seriolae can infect about 42 species of fish and severely harm the aquaculture industry in many regions, particularly in Asia. Aiming to have a more comprehensive understanding about N. seriolae, the literature of N. seriolae before January 2022 was collected by searching nine databases and the current knowledge of the host diversity, drug resistance, genotype and phenotype, virulence factor, molecular detection and vaccine development of N. seriolae was summarized in this review. The future studies of N. seriolae are also prospected in order to help the research on the pathogenic mechanism and control of N. seriolae infection.
Variation in overall fitness due to seed source: projections for predictive provenancing
Authors: Woolridge Christopher B. , Fant Jeremie B. , Flores Ana I. , Schultz Kelly , Kramer Andrea T.
Published: May 2022

Seed sourcing decisions affect short‐ and long‐term restoration outcomes. Seeds sourced closer to restoration sites are likely to be better adapted to local conditions and therefore may perform better than those sourced farther away, following assumptions of local adaptation. However, plants may not be adapted to future conditions under climate change; hence, managers are considering a predictive provenancing approach, where plant materials adapted to predicted conditions are used at a site. Currently, there is little empirical evidence available to inform this approach. To address this, we evaluate predictive provenancing using three species of forbs used in tallgrass prairie restorations (Allium cernuum,Chamaecrista fasciculata, andRudbeckia hirta) in a common garden experiment in northeastern Illinois, U.S.A. We compared the fitness in plants sourced from three regional zones across a latitudinal gradient that represents different climate projections, relative to the planting site. Data were analyzed using Aster life‐history models and generalized linear models. We found that source affected overall fitness in all three species, but no climate proxy had the highest fitness across all species. The performance at each life stage had different effects on overall fitness, which varied by source. We observed later reproductive phenology in southern‐sourced plants for all three species, possibly due to adaptation to longer growing seasons. The mixed results of this study suggest that climate proxy alone would not be sufficient to determine an effective and accurate predictive provenancing strategy. Long‐term tests are needed to pursue such a strategy for high‐priority species.
Innovations during the Covid‐19 pandemic to maintain delivery of care for vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) clinic
Authors: Koh Joo , Baxter Malcolm , Phyland Debra , Ruane Laurence , Avram Adriana , Leahy Elizabeth , Lau Kenneth , MacDonald Martin , Leong Paul , Bardin Philip
Published: May 2022

See related Reply
Physical–cyber–human framework‐based resilience evaluation toward urban power system: Case study from China
Authors: Wang Fengjuan , Yan Jinyue , Xu Jiuping , Yan Zhouxingyu , Chen Dan
Published: May 2022

Because the increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events have significantly challenged power systems, there has been an increased interest in resilient power systems. This article establishes a multicriteria resilience evaluation framework for urban power systems from a physical–cyber–human system perspective, in which the two principal elements responsible for power system function degradation are described, the three major domains comprising urban power systems are explained, four core capacities that positively contribute to power system resilience are proposed, and 15 (11 objective and four subjective) power system resilience evaluation indicators are identified. Fuzzy hesitant judgment and a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) aggregation method are employed to minimize the expert divergence and maximize the group consensus. A validation method is designed and a comparison with commonly applied performance‐based and attributes‐based evaluation methods is conducted. The applicability of the evaluation framework is verified using data from four Chinese municipalities: Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, and Tianjin. It was found that Shanghai's resilience was the best, and Chongqing's physical resistance disadvantages would result in the greatest difficulties in coping with extreme event disturbances. Physical, cyber, and human domain resilience enhancement strategies are given for different cities separately. This study provides a practical tool to evaluate, compare, and enhance power system resilience for governments and public utilities.
Donor with HLA‐C2 is associated with acute rejection following liver transplantation in Southern Chinese
Authors: Chen Rui , Yi Huimin , Zhen Jianxin , Fan Mingming , Xiao Lulu , Yu Qiong , Yang Zhichao , Ning Li , Deng Zhihui , Chen Guihua
Published: May 2022

Apart from presenting peptides to T cells, class I HLA molecules serve as ligands for killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIRs) and regulate the response of natural killer (NK) cells. The role played by HLA and KIR in the acute rejection (AR) following liver transplantation has been controversial. In this retrospective study, we assessed the influence of class I HLA alleles, HLA matching between donor–recipient pairs, recipient KIR and donor HLA ligands on AR following liver transplantation in southern Chinese. In total, 143 recipients and 78 donors obtained from a single transplant center were included in the study cohort. Thirty‐three recipients with histologically confirmed AR were observed. We found that the incidence of AR did not correlate with donor or recipient class I HLA alleles and HLA matching. Neither recipient KIR gene nor the KIR genotype was associated with AR, moreover, high‐resolution genotyping of 14 functional KIR genes of recipients showed that no KIR allele was independently associated with AR. However, the frequency of HLA‐C2+ donor significantly increased in AR group compared with NAR group (52.9% vs. 24.6%, p = 0.03). In the presence of HLA‐C2 by the donor allograft, AR was more frequently observed in recipients with normal expressed KIR2DS4 (43.8% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.03). Donor with HLA‐C2 is therefore a major determinant of AR, which can confer risk effect in liver transplantation. Our findings can provide valuable clues for better understanding pathogenesis of AR and have important clinical implications in liver transplantation for Chinese.
Explainable spatiotemporal reasoning for geospatial intelligence applications
Authors: Duckham Matt , Gabela Jelena , Kealy Allison , Khan Mustafizur , Legg Jonathan , Moran Bill , Rumi Shakila Khan , Salim Flora D. , Sharmeen Shaila , Tao Yaguang , Trentelman Kerry , Vasardani Maria
Published: May 2022

This article explores the design, implementation, and querying of a prototype system for automated spatial reasoning for geospatial intelligence applications, called NEXUS. The system combines multiple different reasoning components that can support a wide range of spatiotemporal queries. Fundamental to the requirements of intelligence analysts is the need to provide explanations of system outputs that help better inform users and engender trust in the system. The NEXUS architecture leverages semantic web technologies, and in particular the Simple Event Model and PROV‐O ontologies, to support queries not only about reasoner inferences, but also explanations as to why the system arrived at a particular conclusion. The manipulation of location reports in marine automatic identification system (AIS) data is used as a running example to demonstrate the approach. The range of queries developed illustrates both the detection of suspicious activities and explanations of the inference processes used to identify those activities.
Enabling Medicago truncatula forward genetics: identification of genetic crossing partner for R108 and development of mapping resources for Tnt1 mutants
Authors: Cheng Xiaofei , Xie Hongli , Zhang Kuihua , Wen Jiangqi
Published: May 2022

Though Medicago truncatula Tnt1 mutants are widely used by researchers in the legume community, they are mainly used for reverse genetics because of the availability of the BLAST‐searchable large‐scale flanking sequence tags database. However, these mutants should have also been used extensively for forward genetic screens, an effort that has been hindered due to the lack of a compatible genetic crossing partner for the M. truncatula genotype R108, from which Tnt1 mutants were generated. In this study, we selected three Medicago HapMap lines (HM017, HM018 and HM022) and performed reciprocal genetic crosses with R108. After phenotypic analyses in F1 and F2 progenies, HM017 was identified as a compatible crossing partner with R108. By comparing the assembled genomic sequences of HM017 and R108, we developed and confirmed 318 Indel markers evenly distributed across the eight chromosomes of the M. truncatula genome. To validate the effectiveness of these markers, by employing the map‐based cloning approach, we cloned the causative gene in the dwarf mutant crs isolated from the Tnt1 mutant population, identifying it as gibberellin 3‐β‐dioxygenase 1, using some of the confirmed Indel markers. The primer sequences and the size difference of each marker were made available for users in the web‐based database. The identification of the crossing partner for R108 and the generation of Indel markers will enhance the forward genetics and the overall usage of the Tnt1 mutants.
Prophylactic efficacy of intravenous paracetamol administration to reduce the incidence of post‐operative ocular hypertension in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification: A pilot study
Authors: Bradley Claire , Manchip Katherine , Sansom Philip G. , Carter Wallace J.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To determine whether intravenous administration of paracetamol can prevent postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) in dogs following routine phacoemulsification.

Methods

Diabetic and non‐diabetic patients (total 54 dogs) undergoing unilateral or bilateral phacoemulsification were recruited to this placebo‐controlled, prospective study. The control group received 1 ml/kg saline via intravenous infusion while the treatment group received 10 mg/kg paracetamol via intravenous infusion. Infusions were administered 30 min prior to surgery and repeated 12 h following initial administration. All patients received topical latanoprost at the conclusion of surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before premedication (baseline), and at 1 h, 3 h, 5 h and 18 h following extubation. POH was defined as an IOP above 25 mmHg (POH25). In addition, the number of patients with an IOP exceeding 20 mmHg was analyzed (POH20).

Results

POH20 occurred in 33 of 54 animals (61.1%), including 19 of 25 animals (76.0%) in the control group and 14 of 29 animals (55.2%) in the treatment group. POH25 occurred in 23 of 44 animals (52.3%), including 13 of 25 animals (52.0%) in the control group and 10 of 29 animals (34.5%) in the treatment group. Paracetamol administration showed a significant positive effect on reducing the incidence of POH20 (p = .048), but not POH25 (p = .221).

Conclusions

When comparing groups, treatment with paracetamol showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of POH20, although no differences were observed in the incidence of POH25 between groups. Further studies are warranted to explore whether alternative drug regimes or routes of administration can provide enhanced efficacy in the prevention of POH25.
A prospective, masked, randomized, controlled superiority study comparing the incidence of corneal injury following general anesthesia in dogs with two methods of corneal protection
Authors: Ioannides Joy , Parker Josie , Kumaratunga Vim , Preston Juliette , Donaldson David , MacFarlane Paul , Hartley Claudia
Published: May 2022

Objective

To compare the incidence of corneal injury during general anesthesia (GA) and the immediate post‐operative period in eyes protected with topical ocular lubricant alone with eyes protected with topical lubricant followed by complete eyelid closure using tape.

Animals Studied

One hundred client‐owned dogs (200 eyes) undergoing GA for MRI scan.

Methods

Patients had ocular lubricant applied to both eyes upon induction of anesthesia. One eye was taped closed immediately after induction for the duration of anesthesia using Strappal® tape (BSN medical™; treatment group), and the other eye was not taped (control group). Eyes were randomly allocated to a treatment group. Ophthalmic examination was performed before and after anesthesia; the examiner was masked to eye treatment groups. Corneal injury was defined as corneal ulceration or corneal erosion. A McNemar's test was used to compare the incidence of corneal injury between groups. A paired‐samples t‐test was used to compare Schirmer‐1 tear test (STT‐1) readings between groups.

Results

Sixteen eyes (8%) developed corneal erosion. No corneal ulceration occurred. There was no significant difference between incidence of corneal erosion between groups (p = .454). There was a significant decrease in STT‐1 readings following GA in both groups (p < .001), with no significant difference in STT‐1 between groups (p = .687). No adverse effects of taping the eye closed were observed.

Conclusion

Taping the eyes closed during GA had no additional benefit to the lubrication protocol used in this study.
RHDalleles contributing to serologically weak D phenotypes in China: A single‐centre study over 10 years
Authors: Ye Luyi , Li Minghao , Yang Qixiu , Zhu Ziyan
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

In cases of serologically weak D phenotypes,RHDgenotyping may identify discrepant serotyping results and protect the patient against allogeneic immunization. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of weak D alleles in China.

Materials and Methods

We collected samples carrying weak D antigen during a 10‐year period from 2005 to 2014. The intensity and epitopes of D were analysed serologically. Genomic DNA was extracted and used forRHDsequencing and heterozygote analysis. In particular, an in vitro expression method for functional verification of the rare and novel in‐frame deletion mutation was developed and then combined with homologous modelling results for analysis.

Results

We studied a total of 283 weak D samples from volunteer blood donors and identified 45RHDalleles among them, 11 of which were reported for the first time. Ten (3.5%) samples surprisingly carried DEL allelic variants and as many as 40 (14.1%) carried the wild‐typeRHDgenotype. Combination of the results of functional experiments and in silico analysis suggested that the rare in‐frame deletion mutation may reduce the expression of D antigen by affecting the RhD protein structure.

Conclusions

This study provides an enhanced overview of the distribution characteristics ofRHDalleles in Chinese subjects with serologically weak D. An in vitro method to predict the biological significance of variantRHDalleles was also provided. We found inconsistent genotyping and phenotypic results in some samples, indicating the existence of additional regulatory mechanisms.