bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insurance Reimbursement for Special Foods and Phenylalanine Levels in Patients With PKU in China
Authors: Wang Bo , Xia Yanzhi , Cheng Mingyue , Luo Huili , Xue Luxi , Gong Anyue , Liu Xu , Liao Gaoqi , Song Jieping , Ning Kang
Published: June 2024

Importance

Recent changes in China’s social medical insurance reimbursement policy have impacted the financial burden of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) for special foods. However, whether this policy change is associated with their blood phenylalanine (PHE) concentration is unclear.

Objective

To investigate the association between the reimbursement policy and blood PHE concentration in patients with PKU.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study measured the blood PHE concentrations of 167 patients with PKU across 4 newborn screening centers in China from January 2018 to December 2021. The reimbursement policy for special foods for patients with PKU at 2 centers was canceled in 2019 and restored from 2020 onwards. In contrast, the other 2 centers consistently implemented the policy. Data were analyzed from September 10 to December 6, 2023.

Exposures

The implementation and cancelation of the reimbursement policy for special foods of patients with PKU.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The blood PHE concentration was regularly measured from 2018 to 2021. A 1-sided Z test was used to compare the mean of the blood PHE concentration between different years.

Results

Among 167 patients with PKU (mean [SD] age, 84.4 [48.3] months; 87 males [52.1%]), a total of 4285 measurements of their blood PHE concentration were collected from 2018 to 2021. For patients at the center that canceled the reimbursement policy in 2019, the mean (SD) of the blood PHE concentrations in 2019 was 5.95 (5.73) mg/dL, significantly higher than 4.84 (4.11) mg/dL in 2018 (P < .001), 5.06 (5.21) mg/dL in 2020 (P = .006), and 4.77 (4.04) mg/dL in 2021 (P < .001). Similarly, for patients at the other center that canceled the policy in 2019, the mean (SD) of the blood PHE concentrations in 2019 was 5.95 (3.43) mg/dL, significantly higher than 5.34 (3.45) mg/dL in 2018 (P = .03), 5.13 (3.15) mg/dL in 2020 (P = .003), and 5.39 (3.46) mg/dL in 2021 (P = .03). On the contrary, no significant difference was observed between any of the years for patients at the 2 centers that consistently implemented the policy.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with PKU from multiple centers, the implementation of the reimbursement policy for special foods was associated with controlling the blood PHE concentration. Special foods expenditure for patients with PKU should be included in the scope of long-term social medical insurance reimbursement.
Label Accuracy of Legal Oral Cannabis Oil Products in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Doggett Amanda , Fein Allan , Campbell Tracey , Henriquez Nicola , Busse Jason W. , MacKillop James
Published: June 2024

This case series compares amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol reported on product labels vs levels found in laboratory testing in legal oral cannabis oil products in Ontario, Canada.
New Supplemental Benefits and Plan Ratings Among Medicare Advantage Enrollees
Authors: Tucher Emma L. , Meyers David J. , Trivedi Amal N. , Gottlieb Laura M. , Thomas Kali S.
Published: June 2024

Importance

In 2018, the US Congress gave Medicare Advantage (MA) historic flexibility to address members’ social needs with a set of Special Supplemental Benefits for the Chronically Ill (SSBCIs). In response, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services expanded the definition of primarily health-related benefits (PHRBs) to include nonmedical services in 2019. Uptake has been modest; MA plans cited a lack of evidence as a limiting factor.

Objective

To evaluate the association between adopting the expanded supplemental benefits designed to address MA enrollees’ nonmedical and social needs and enrollees’ plan ratings.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study compared the plan ratings of MA enrollees in plans that adopted an expanded PHRB, SSBCI, or both using difference-in-differences estimators with MA Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems survey data from March to June 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021 linked to Medicare administrative claims and publicly available benefits and enrollment data. Data analysis was performed between April 2023 and March 2024.

Exposure

Enrollees in MA plans that adopted a PHRB and/or SSBCI in 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Enrollee plan rating on a 0- to 10-point scale, with 0 indicating the worst health plan possible and 10 indicating the best health plan possible.

Results

The study sample included 388 356 responses representing 467 MA contracts and 2558 plans in 2021. Within the weighted population of responders, the mean (SD) age was 74.6 (8.7) years, 57.2% were female, 8.9% were fully Medicare-Medicaid dual eligible, 74.6% had at least 1 chronic medical condition, 13.7% had not graduated high school, 9.7% were helped by a proxy, 45.1% reported fair or poor physical health, and 15.6% were entitled to Medicare due to disability. Adopting both a new PHRB and SSBCI benefit in 2021 was associated with an increase of 0.22 out of 10 points (95% CI, 0.4-4.0 points) in mean enrollee plan ratings. There was no association between adoption of only a PHRB (adjusted difference, −0.12 points; 95% CI, −0.26 to 0.02 points) or SSBCI (adjusted difference, 0.09 points; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.21 points) and plan rating.

Conclusions and Relevance

Medicare Advantage plans that adopted both benefits saw modest increases in mean enrollee plan ratings. This evidence suggests that more investments in supplemental benefits were associated with improved plan experiences, which could contribute to improved plan quality ratings.
Occupational Chemical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Huff James , Melnick Ronald L.
Published: June 2024

Workers are exposed to carcinogens and carcinogenic exposure circumstances, as well as to many other agents considered probably, possibly, or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. Covered herein are occupational carcinogens: chemicals, uncharacterized exposure circumstances, and occupations/workplaces known or suspected to cause cancer in workers, and agents causing cancers in animal bioassays, which are proven predictive for human cancers. Importantly, individuals differ in susceptibility for developing cancer due to exposure to a carcinogenic substance; factors influencing cancer outcomes include exposure circumstances, genetic differences, lifestyle, health condition, age, and gender. Identification of agents as carcinogens is based on information from epidemiological studies, long‐term animal studies, in vitro and in vivo evaluations, and assessments of mechanistic data and structure‐activity relationships. Various agencies, such as IARC, NTP, U.S. EPA, CalEPA, and others have developed classification schemes that categorize potential carcinogenicity of environmental and industrial agents in humans based on strength‐of‐evidence from human studies, animal studies, and mechanistic information. Categorizations formulated by authoritative bodies serve as the initial basis for standard's settings and regulatory actions. Several health and safety laws have been promulgated to protect workers from harmful effects of hazardous agents in the workplace. Risk characterization provides an integrative summary of available and relevant information on hazard identification, exposure assessment, and dose‐response relationships that have been used to estimate potential human cancer risks under various exposure circumstances. This information serves as the basis for risk management decisions on the extent to which workers' exposures to hazardous agents should be controlled. Likewise reducing or eliminating exposures to known and suspected carcinogens will reduce or prevent the incidences of occupational cancers. The World Health Organization reports occupational carcinogens are responsible for ∼152,000 cancer deaths per year and cancer prevention is essential because ∼40% of all cancer deaths can be prevented.
Simple Preparation of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Powders by Plasma Discharge Electrolysis in Nitrate Solution
Authors: Li Jingyu , Xie Jianyu , Li Chengfang , Li Song , Liu Yubao , Shi Zhongning
Published: June 2024

Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder is widely used in battery and thermal barrier coatings. This article reports a method of preparing YSZ powder using plasma in air atmosphere at room temperature in 0.34 M ZrO(NO3)2–0.06 M Y(NO3)3 solution. Diverse characterization techniques are utilized to examine the morphology and composition of synthesized powders. Electrolytic green powder consists mainly of hydroxide, which is annealed to form a well‐crystallized YSZ oxide powder with coexisting tetragonal and cubic phases. The green powder is composed of micrometer‐sized particles, with a particle size distribution (D50) of 51.90 μm. The molar ratio of Y to Zr is 2.84:1. The YSZ powder is finer (D50 is 5.80 μm) with irregular nanoparticles aggregating together, and the molar ratio of Y to Zr is 2.57:1. Hydroxyl radicals (OH·) and hydrogen radicals (H·) are found in the flame during discharge electrolysis, and the main formation reactions of the powders by this process are H2O + 2e− → H2↑ + 2OH−; Zr4+ + 4OH− + nH2O → Zr(OH)4·nH2O↓; and Y3+ + 3OH− + nH2O → Y(OH)3·nH2O↓. The conductivity of electrolyte sintered by YSZ powders increases with rising temperature, reaching 0.038S cm−1 at 1000 °C.
Larger Recovery Strains in Cast Fe–Mn–Si‐Based Shape Memory Alloys by Reducing Thermal Activation and Optimizing Mn Content
Authors: Luo Yanni , Fu Yu , He Wei , Peng Huabei , Wen Yuhua
Published: June 2024

Previous work shows that a maximal recovery strain of 8.4% after being bent at room temperature is realized in annealed cast polycrystalline Fe–Mn–Si‐based alloys because of the reduced annealing twin boundaries. Theoretically, higher recovery strains can be expected at cryogenic deformation by reducing thermal activation. To confirm this idea, martensitic transformation behaviors and the recovery strains after being bent at 77 K are investigated in the cast Fe–(20–26)Mn–5.5Si–8.5Cr–5Ni alloys. Herein, larger recovery strains as high as ≈10.0% are realized in an annealed cast Fe–23Mn–5.5Si–8.5Cr–5Ni alloy after being bent at 77 K. The reduced thermal activation together with suppressed formation of thermal‐induced martensite by optimizing Mn content can account for the larger recovery strain. In these results, a new avenue is opened up for further enhancement of the recovery strain in Fe–Mn–Si‐based shape memory alloys.
Robust PUF Label Authentication System Synergistically Constructed by Hierarchical Pattern of Self‐assembled Phase‐Separation Encrypted Wrinkle and Deep Learning Model
Authors: Ma Manping , Jiang Zetian , Ma Tianjiao , Gao Xiaxin , Li Jin , Liu Manhua , Yan Junchi , Jiang Xuesong
Published: June 2024

With the increasing demand for information security, current anti‐counterfeiting methods not only suffer from issues such as low information density and vulnerability to forgery, but also inherently involve a trade‐off between information capacity and readout methods. This paper reports a high‐security solution using hierarchical pattern with perfect combination of micro self‐wrinkle and nano phase‐separation as physical unclonable function (PUF) labels, which is generated through self‐organization of anthracene‐functionalized poly(styrene‐block‐butadiene‐block‐styrene) (SBS‐CAN) under UV exposure. The double‐layer morphologies formed by the wrinkle and phase separation are adjustable, independent, and stable. The obtained hierarchical PUF labels exhibit random and unique features similar to the minutiae of fingerprints at both micro and nano scales, ensuring a well‐balanced bit uniformity (>0.492), high uniqueness (>0.496), and outstanding reliability (>96%). As a consequence of the multi‐layered combination of morphologies, the designed PUF label possesses an information density about 1010 times higher than that of human fingerprints. The PUF labels can be quickly obtained through simple visual scanning and exhibit sufficient security. To cope with various application environments, the advanced authentication pipeline designed LPLA guarantees robust label recognition capability in real‐world scenarios. A practical integrated anti‐counterfeiting authentication system is developed by combining hierarchical PUF labels and authentication pipeline.
Insights Into Preaggregation Control of Y‐Series Nonfullerene Acceptors in Liquid State for Highly Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Dingqin , Tang Hua , Chen Chen , Huang Peihao , Shen Zhibang , Li Hongxiang , Liu Heng , Petoukhoff Christopher E. , Jurado José Piers , Luo Ying , Xia Hao , Fong Patrick W. K. , Fu Jiehao , Zhao Lingyu , Yan Cenqi , Chen Yao , Cheng Pei , Lu Xinhui , Li Gang , Laquai Frédéric , Xiao Zeyun
Published: June 2024

Leveraging breakthroughs in Y‐series nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19%. However, progress in advancing OSCs has decelerated due to constraints in realizing the full potential of the Y‐series NFAs. Herein, a simple yet effective solid additive‐induced preaggregation control method employing 2‐chloro‐5‐iodopyridine (PDCI) is reported to unlock the full potential of the Y‐series NFAs. Specifically, PDCI interacts predominantly with Y‐series NFAs enabling enhanced and ordered phase‐aggregation in solution. This method leads to a notable improvement and a redshifted absorption of the acceptor phase during film formation, along with improved crystallinity. Moreover, the PDCI‐induced preaggregation of NFAs in the solution enables ordered molecule packing during the film‐formation process through delicate intermediate states transition. Consequently, the PDCI‐induced preaggregated significantly improves the PCE of PM6:Y6 OSCs from 16.12% to 18.12%, among the best values reported for PM6:Y6 OSCs. Importantly, this approach is universally applicable to other Y‐series NFA‐based OSCs, achieving a champion PCE of 19.02% for the PM6:BTP‐eC9 system. Thus, the preaggregation control strategy further unlocks the potential of Y‐series NFAs, offering a promising avenue for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of Y‐series NFA‐based OSCs.
Visual Eosin Y‐Based Photosensitization Sensing Systems for Ultrasensitive Detection of Diclofenac with Single‐Atom Co─N2O2 Site‐Immobilized g‐C3N4 Nanosheets
Authors: Ren Jingyi , Li Zhuo , Qu Binhong , Meng Lingyou , Bai Linlu , Sun Jianhui , Zhang Ziqing , Qu Yang , Jing Liqiang
Published: June 2024

It is highly desired to develop a visual sensing system for ultrasensitive detection of colorless diclofenac (DCF), yet with a significant challenge. Herein, a novel dye‐based photosensitization sensing system has been successfully developed for detecting DCF for the first time, in which the used dye eosin Y (DeY) can strongly absorb visible light and then be decolorized obviously by transferring photogenerated electrons to g‐C3N4 nanosheets (CN), while the built single‐atomic Co─N2O2 sites on CN by boron‐oxygen connection can competitively adsorb DCF to impede the photosensitization decoloration of DeY. This system exhibits a broad detection range from 8 ng L−1 to 2 mg L−1 with 535 nm light, an exceptionally low detection limit (3.5 ng L−1), and remarkable selectivity. Through the time‐resolved, in situ technologies, and theoretical calculations, the decolorization of DeY is attributed to the disruption of DeY's conjugated structure caused by the triplet excited state electron transfer from DeY to CN, meanwhile, the adsorbed oxygen facilitates the charge transfer process. The preferential adsorption of DCF mainly depends on the strong interactions between the as‐constructed single‐atom Co and Cl in DCF. This study opens an innovative light‐driven sensing system by combining dye and single‐atom metal/nanomaterial for visually intuitive detection of environmental pollutants.
Self‐Powered Digital Angle Sensor Based on Triboelectric Signal for Variable Structure of Aircraft
Authors: Sheng Hengrui , Cao Leo N.Y. , Li Chengyu , Zhou Zhuyu , Jiang Yang , Sun Yanshuo , Chen Baodong , Xu Zijie , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of aircraft in recent years has attracted more attention, especially the issue of safe flight for aircraft. Some existing angle detection sensors are difficult to adapt to the development speed of the current aircraft due to the expensive price and large size, so there is an immediate need for new technology that can suit the current aircraft. Here, a self‐powered digital angle sensor that is compact, simple, and lightweight is introduced. This sensor eliminates the need for an external power supply and demonstrates highly sensitive signal detection at the volt level when the variable structure of the aircraft is working. The sensor is designed with a thickness of 7.3 mm, a volume of 16.6 cm3, and a weight of 9.85 g. Its lightweight and compact structure allows for seamless integration into aircraft without causing significant impact. The sensor not only provides real‐time monitoring the aircraft's variable structure deflection states, including deflection direction and angle but also alerts operators to any anomalies in deflection. Its small size and self‐powered capability make it an ideal solution for aircraft applications, enhancing safety and efficiency during flight.
Necroptosis‐Mediated Synergistic Photodynamic and Glutamine‐Metabolic Therapy Enabled by a Biomimetic Targeting Nanosystem for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zheng Qichang , Zou Tianhao , Wang Weimin , Zhang Chen , Hu Shaobo , Cheng Xiang , Liu Ran , Wang Guoliang , Sun Ping , Zhou Xing , Yang Bing , Xu Jianjun , Gao Yang , Gu Jinyang
Published: June 2024

Targeted delivery of glutamine metabolism inhibitors holds promise for cholangiocarcinoma therapy, yet effective delivery vehicles remain a challenge. This study reports the development of a biomimetic nanosystem, termed R‐CM@MSN@BC, integrating mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles with reactive oxygen species‐responsive diselenide bonds for controlled release of the glutamine metabolism inhibitor bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and the photosensitizer Ce6. Erythrocyte membrane coating, engineered with Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptides, not only enhanced biocompatibility but also improved tumor targeting and tissue penetration. Upon laser irradiation, R‐CM@MSN@BC executed both photodynamic and glutamine‐metabolic therapies, inducing necroptosis in tumor cells and triggering significant immunogenic cell death. Time‐of‐flight mass cytometry analysis revealed that R‐CM@MSN@BC can remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by polarizing M1‐type macrophages, reducing infiltration of M2‐type and CX3CR1+ macrophages, and decreasing T cell exhaustion, thereby increasing the effectiveness of anti‐programmed cell death ligand 1 immunotherapy. This strategy proposed in this study presents a viable and promising approach for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Drivers and Pathways for the Recovery of Critical Metals from Waste‐Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Xia Dong , Lee Carmen , Charpentier Nicolas M. , Deng Yuemin , Yan Qingyu , Gabriel Jean‐Christophe P.
Published: June 2024

The ever‐increasing importance of critical metals (CMs) in modern society underscores their resource security and circularity. Waste‐printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are particularly attractive reservoirs of CMs due to their gamut CM embedding and ubiquitous presence. However, the recovery of most CMs is out of reach from current metal‐centric recycling industries, resulting in a flood loss of refined CMs. Here, 41 types of such spent CMs are identified. To deliver a higher level of CM sustainability, this work provides an insightful overview of paradigm‐shifting pathways for CM recovery from WPCBs that have been developed in recent years. As a crucial starting entropy‐decreasing step, various strategies of metal enrichment are compared, and the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) and hyperspectral sensing is highlighted. Then, tailored metal recycling schemes are presented for the platinum group, rare earth, and refractory metals, with emphasis on greener metallurgical methods contributing to transforming CMs into marketable products. In addition, due to the vital nexus of CMs between the environment and energy sectors, the upcycling of CMs into electro‐/photo‐chemical catalysts for green fuel synthesis is proposed to extend the recycling chain. Finally, the challenges and outlook on this all‐round upgrading of WPCB recycling are outlined.
Metal Penetration and Grain Boundary in MoS2 Memristors
Authors: Yan Han , Zhuang Pingping , Li Bo , Ye Tian , Zhou Changjie , Chen Yushan , Li Tiejun , Cai Weiwei , Yu Daquan , Liu Jing , Lin Weiyi
Published: June 2024

2D semiconductors have demonstrated outstanding switching performance in resistive random‐access memory (RRAM). Despite the proposed resistive switching (RS) mechanism involving the penetration of electrode metal atoms, direct observation of metal penetration in these van‐der‐Waals stacked 2D semiconductors remains absent. This study utilizes 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the switching material, employing gold and multilayer graphene as electrodes. Through analysis of the switching characteristics of these RRAM devices, the pivotal role of grain boundaries and metal atoms is identify in achieving RS. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy provide direct evidence of metal penetration into multilayer MoS2. This study offers valuable insights into the RS mechanism in memristors based on multilayer MoS2, providing guidance for designing and optimizing 2D material memristive devices.
The Burgeoning Zinc Powder Anode for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries: from Electrode Preparation to Performance Enhancement
Authors: Yan Lijing , Zhai Qiangxiang , Zhang Shaojian , Li Zeheng , Kang Qiaoling , Gao Xuehui , Jin Chengbin , Liu Tiefeng , Ma Tingli , Lin Zhan
Published: June 2024

Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) have emerged as a focal point of interest in academic research and industrial strategic planning. Zinc powder (ZP) is poised to assume a prominent position in both future research and practical applications due to its high Zn utilization rate and processability. However, critical challenges need to be addressed before realizing substantial progress. Notably, severe voltage polarization and gas production of ZP electrodes stand out as the primary causes of battery failure, differing with zinc foil where short circuits caused by zinc dendrites contribute to battery failure. While numerous comprehensive reviews have offered effective strategies for zinc foil, a systematic summary of ZP electrodes is still lacking. For ZP, electrode preparation dictates the performance. This review summarizes the criteria for optimal ZP electrodes, covering electrode components, preparation methods, and technique parameters. It emphatically introduces the underlying causes and strategies of water‐related side reactions and briefly analyzes the stripping/plating behaviors of ZP electrodes. The status quo of ZP‐based batteries is then discussed in categories of ZP, current collector, conductive scaffold, binder, and electrolytes. Finally, potential avenues for future research are proposed from three aspects to enhance the focus on ZP electrodes and facilitate the practical application of AZMBs.
Characterizing applications, exposure risks, and hazard communication for engineered nanomaterials in construction
Authors: Lippy Bruce E. , Brooks Sara B. , Cooper Michael R. , Burrelli Leonard G. , Saldivar Andreas , West Gavin H.
Published: June 2024

Background

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may pose health risks to workers. Objectives were to characterize ENM applications in construction, identify exposure scenarios, and evaluate the quality of safety data sheets (SDSs) for nano‐enabled construction products.

Methods

SDSs and product data were obtained from a public database of nano‐enabled construction products. Descriptive statistics were calculated for affected trades, product categories, and types of ENMs. A sample of SDSs (n = 33) was evaluated using modified criteria developed by NIOSH researchers. Bulk analysis via transmission electron microscopy characterized nanoparticles in a subset of products.

Results

Companies report using >50 ENMs in construction products. ENM composition could not be determined via SDSs for 38.1% of the 907 products examined. Polymers and metal oxides tied for most frequently reported ENMs (n = 87, 9.6%). Nano silica, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silver nanoparticles were also frequently reported. Most of the products were paints and coatings (n = 483, 53.3%), followed by pre‐market additives, cementitious materials, insulation, and lubricants. Workers in twenty construction trades are likely to handle nano‐enabled products, these particularly encompass cement and brick masons, painters, laborers, carpenters, glaziers, and insulators. A wide range of exposure scenarios were identified. SDSs were classified as satisfactory (18%), in need of improvement (12%), or in need of significant improvement (70%). Bulk analyses revealed discrepancies between actual ENM composition and those in SDSs.

Discussion and Conclusion

There has been significant progress investigating risks to construction workers posed by ENMs, but SDSs need major improvements. This study provides new insights on the use of ENMs in construction, exposure risks, and hazard communication.
Introducing a π‐Skeleton Perpendicular to the Central Methylene Carbon in Alkanediamides: Design of Supramolecular Polymers with an Offset π‐Stacking Arrangement
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiro , Ogi Soichiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: June 2024

The self‐assembly behavior of a heptanediamide derivative that contains a four‐ring fused π‐skeleton on its central methylene carbon atom has been examined. This molecule, which also contains two octyl chains, gelated the nonpolar solvent methylcyclohexane through the formation of fibrous nanostructures with hydrogen‐bonding networks through a cooperative nucleation–elongation process. The supramolecular polymerization is accompanied by bathochromic shifts of both the absorption and fluorescence bands while maintaining a fluorescence quantum yield comparable to that of the monomeric state. Theoretical calculations provided an energetically stable structure, in which the π‐skeletons are stacked with an offset of more than 8.0 Å, replicating the experimentally observed absorption change due to exciton coupling. Moreover, a slow transition with an inversion of the chiral arrangement of the π‐conjugated moieties was induced by replacing the octyl chains with chiral alkyl chains. Our molecular‐design strategy was further applied to a five‐ring fused π‐skeleton, which also forms an offset π‐stacking arrangement and exhibits more effective chiral exciton coupling in the aggregated state.
Dearomative Intramolecular meta‐Thermocycloadditions of Benzene Rings via Wheland Intermediates
Authors: Liu Shupeng , Xu Tianyi , Liu Yuting , Wang Youliang
Published: June 2024

Dearomative cycloadditions are powerful synthetic transformations utilizing aromatic compounds for cycloaddition reactions. They have been extensively applied to the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds not only because of the complexity generated from simplicity but also the atom‐ and step‐economy. For the most studied yet challenging benzene ring systems, ortho‐ and para‐cycloadditions have been realized both photochemically and thermally, while the meta‐cycloadditions are still limited to the photochemical processes tracing back to the 1960s. Herein, we for the first time realized the thermal cycloadditions of benzene rings with alkenes in a meta fashion via Wheland intermediates. A broad spectrum of readily available C(sp2)‐rich aniline‐tethered enynes were transformed into C(sp3)‐rich 3D complex polycyclic architectures simply by stirring in TFA. Moreover, the reaction could be performed in gram‐scales and the products could be diversely elaborated.
Development of a novel MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC composite for enhanced and synergistic removal of methylene blue and Sm(III) from an aqueous environment
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Ali M. , Sayed Mostafa A. , Rafea Osama A. S. , Abdelhameed Reda M. , Badr Ibrahim H. A.
Published: June 2024

In this study, a pioneering composite material, MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC, was synthesized by integrating an indium‐based metal–organic framework (MIL‐68‐NH2) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), that could be prepared by recycling different natural products of cellulose. The surface characteristics of the novel MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC composite were meticulously examined through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Remarkably, MIL‐68‐ NH2@MCC demonstrated significantly improved efficiency in removing methylene blue (MB) dye and Sm(III) ions from aqueous solutions, surpassing the removal capabilities of its individual constituents, MIL‐68‐NH2 and MCC. This superior performance can be attributed to the synergistic interplay between MIL‐68‐ NH2 and MCC. We thoroughly investigated the influence of various parameters, including pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. The experimental adsorption data for both MB and Sm(III) exhibited a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. The optimized MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC exhibited remarkable maximum adsorption capacities of 133.8 mg/g for MB and 72.1 mg/g for Sm(III). The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order model with correlation coefficients of 0.9879 and 0.9875 for MB and Sm(III), respectively. The application of intraparticle diffusion and the Boyd kinetic models demonstrated that the film diffusion is the dominant factor influencing the rate of the adsorption process. The study also examined a possible mechanism for the adsorption of MB and Sm(III) on the optimized MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC surface. Ultimately, the results highlight the originality of our research in terms of the efficacy of the newly developed MIL‐68‐NH2@MCC composite as an eco‐friendly adsorbent. Besides, the developed adsorbent effectively removes MB and Sm(III) from different water solutions while exhibiting outstanding selectivity and reusability.
Selective and efficient electrochemical sensing of Cd2+ ions and hydroquinone in aqueous medium by katiragum dialdehyde‐tryptophan Schiff base modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Saren Rakesh Kumar , Tripathy Tridib
Published: June 2024

Katiragum dialdehyde‐tryptophan Schiff base (KGDT) is developed for selective and efficient detection of Cd2+ ion and hydroquinone (HQ) in the aqueous medium by electrochemical method. KGDT is synthesized by selectively oxidizing the C2‐C3 bond of katiragum with sodium meta periodate (NaIO4) to obtain katiragum dialdehyde (KGD), followed by condensation between KGD and an α‐amino acid (L)‐tryptophan. KGD and KGDT are characterized by 1HNMR, HRMS, and FESEM with EDAX analysis. The electrochemical experiment is carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. The electrochemical sensing toward the Cd2+ ion in the DPV method is found to be better compared to the CV method. In the CV method, the limit of detection (LOD) values of Cd2+ ion and HQ are calculated as 8.84 nm and 15.91 nm, respectively. In the DPV method, the LOD values of Cd2+ ion and HQ are found to be 7.24 nm and 15.29 nm, respectively. The proposed sensor, KGDT/GCE, shows satisfactory results in the stability and reproducibility test and also shows excellent practical applicability in real sample analysis.
Entheseal surface (Sharpey's fiber insertion) alterations identify past trauma; bone base robusticity, level of routine activity
Authors: Rothschild Bruce
Published: June 2024

Sharpey's fiber alterations, referred to as entheseal reaction or enthesopathy, have long been considered an indicator of daily activities. Such semantic transformation seems to conflate processes which alter the characteristics of tendonous and ligamentous attachments to bone with the rugosity and extent of their base/footprint. Rather than reflecting normal activities, it is suggested that surface reactions are actually the response to the application of sudden or unconditioned repetitive stresses—analogous to stress fractures. Thus, they are distinct from enlargement of the base/footprint, the bone remodeling process responsible for the robusticity of the area to which the enthesis attaches, which is actually a measure of actual muscle activity. Surface reactions in attachment areas represent injury, be it mechanical stress fracture‐equivalents or inflammation‐derived. Bone base/footprint is the reaction of the enthesis to stresses of routine physical activities. The character of underlying bone supporting Sharpey's fibers may be augmented by applied stress, but there is neither a physiologic mechanism nor is there evidence for significant addition of Sharpey's fibers beyond ontogeny. Behavior is responsible for the physiologic response of robusticity; spiculation, pathology.
Assessing the extended‐range forecast skills of the extreme heat events over South China based on three S2S models
Authors: Li Xiaoqi , Chen Ruidan , Qiao Yunting
Published: June 2024

This paper assesses the extended‐range forecast skills of the extreme heat events (EHEs) over South China based on three subseasonal‐to‐seasonal models (European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts [ECMWF], National Centers for Environmental Prediction [NCEP], and China Meteorological Administration [CMA]). Overall, ECMWF has the best skill, NCEP the second and CMA the poorest. The predicting skills of EHEs depend on the predicting skills of relevant circulation. Cases studies (June 4–6, 1999, August 19–29, 2009, and August 3–5, 2010) show that the three models generally predict circulation anomalies weaker than observation, leading to the misses of some extreme heat days (EHDs). In these cases, ECMWF is able to well predict the influence of tropical circulation, capture the major characteristics of mid‐latitude circulation but with a slower propagating speed. NCEP could capture the main signals of tropical (mid‐latitude) circulation, but with slower propagating speed (slower propagating speed, deviated direction or more northward location). CMA might produce some EHDs but is derived from the circulation anomaly with the wrong origin or location. Therefore, ECMWF could predict the EHEs most accurately, NCEP could reasonably predict the formation of EHEs and tend to have more delayed predictions, while CMA has the poorest skill due to the false origins of anomalies. These results suggest potential ways to improve the current models' extended‐range forecast skills.
An effective LC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of a potential anti‐rheumatoid arthritis drug, carboxyamidotriazole, and its major metabolite in rat plasma
Authors: Lang Xuli , Tang Jia , Kou Yuhui , Xing Chengfeng , Mu Hongfei , Wang Yanan , Wang Baolian
Published: June 2024

Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) was previously recognized as a well‐tolerated anticancer drug. It has also demonstrated significant anti‐inflammatory effects in various cell and animal model experiments, prompting its investigation as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, the potential biotransformation metabolites of CAI were identified both in vitro and in vivo. A sensitive, specific, and accurate LC–MS method was developed for the quantitative analysis of CAI and its major metabolite, CAI‐OH, in rat plasma. CAI, CAI‐OH, and telmisartan (used as an internal standard) were separated using a Zorbax SB C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of water (phase A, containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (phase B, containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The analytes were examined using a high‐resolution mass spectrometer, with detected mass‐to‐charge ratios of m/z 424.01293 for CAI, m/z 440.00785 for CAI‐OH, and m/z 515.24415 for telmisartan. Good linearity was observed within the range of 10–5000 ng/mL. Both inter‐ and intra‐batch precision (relative standard deviation, %) were below 6%, and the accuracy ranged from 94.9% to 106.1%. The analytes remained stable throughout the entire experimental period. This method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of CAI following oral administration in rats.
Beyond success: unveiling the hidden potential of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in solid tumors
Authors: Wu Yuze , Yi Ming , Niu Mengke , Zhou Binghan , Mei Qi , Wu Kongming
Published: June 2024

Immunotherapy, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has significantly transformed cancer treatment. Despite its success, many patients struggle to respond adequately or sustain long‐lasting clinical improvement. A growing consensus has emerged that radiotherapy (RT) enhances the response rate and overall efficacy of immunotherapy. Although combining RT and immunotherapy has been extensively investigated in preclinical models and has shown promising results, establishing itself as a dynamic and thriving area of research, clinical evidence for this combination strategy over the past five years has shown both positive and disappointing results, suggesting the need for a more nuanced understanding. This review provides a balanced and updated analysis of the combination of immunotherapy and RT. We summarized the preclinical mechanisms through which RT boosts antitumor immune responses and mainly focused on the outcomes of recently updated clinical trials, including those that may not have met expectations. We investigated the optimization of the therapeutic potential of this combined strategy, including key challenges, such as fractionation and scheduling, lymph node irradiation, and toxicity. Finally, we offered insights into the prospects and challenges associated with the clinical translation of this combination therapy, providing a realistic perspective on the current state of research and potential future directions.
Bing–Neel syndrome, a rare manifestation of WM; a case report and review of literature
Authors: Rezvani Hamid , Salari Sina , Borhani Hamed , Mataji Maedeh , Azhdari Tehrani Hamed
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Bing–Neel syndrome (BNS) is a rare manifestation in individuals suffering from Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Neurological signs and symptoms in this syndrome are almost difficult to be differentiated from other common neurological manifestations of hyper‐viscosity or Waldenström‐associated polyneuropathy. In this paper, we report a new case of WM with concurrent BNS, then review the clinical picture and treatment of this syndrome.
Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast presenting as an erythematous papule on the nipple: A case report
Authors: Chen Po‐Yu , Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Chih‐Jung , Chiu Chien‐Shan
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) is a rare form of invasive breast carcinoma with good prognosis. To date, case reports considering skin manifestations of ICC are scarce. We herein report a case of pure ICC presenting as an erythematous papule on the nipple with mammary Paget's disease in the epidermis. We aim to bring awareness to skin manifestation of ICC.
Phthalocyanines Synthesis: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review of Sustainable Approaches Through Green Chemistry Metrics
Authors: Zanotti Gloria , Palmeri Federica , Raglione Venanzio
Published: June 2024

Driven by escalating environmental concerns, synthetic chemistry faces an urgent need for a green revolution. Green chemistry, with its focus on low environmental impacting chemicals and minimized waste production, emerges as a powerful tool in addressing this challenge. Metrics such as the E‐factor guide the design of environmentally friendly strategies for chemical processes by quantifying the waste generated in obtaining target products, thus enabling interventions to minimize it. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), versatile molecules with exceptional physical and chemical properties, hold immense potential for technological applications. This review aims to bridge the gap between green chemistry and phthalocyanine synthesis by collecting the main examples of environmentally sustainable syntheses documented in the literature. The calculation of the E‐factor of a selection of them provides insights on how crucial it is to evaluate a synthetic process in its entirety. This approach allows for a better evaluation of the actual sustainability of the phthalocyanine synthetic process and indicates possible strategies to improve it.
Classification of pitting corrosion damage in process facilities using supervised machine learning
Authors: Patel Parth , Aryai Vahid , Arzaghi Ehsan , Kafian Hesam , Abbassi Rouzbeh , Garaniya Vikram
Published: June 2024

Corrosion is widely known to be a major cause of the failures in process facilities. Prediction of corrosion damage is therefore essential for industries to manage the availability of their assets. This research aims to investigate the application of supervised machine learning methods for the classification of pitting corrosion damage. Several machine learning classifiers, namely ensemble methods, support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbours, and the decision tree are used to classify the extent of pitting corrosion damage in corroded steel samples. To simulate the corrosion of the steel samples, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted. After processing the results using appropriate statistical methods, the corrosion data was used to train the machine learning models. The trained models can predict the class of corrosion damage with acceptable accuracy using the material and environmental specifications of the samples. Additionally, a discussion on the selection of machine learning techniques which classify corrosion damage using a risk‐based approach is provided. With their optimal accuracy and lower risk of misclassification, the SVM and AdaBoost models perform better than the other studied models.
An investigation on hydrate prediction and inhibition: An industrial case study
Authors: Rahmanian Nejat , Söyler Nejmi , Wande Farai Munashe , Hashemi Hamed
Published: June 2024

This investigation reports the first study to predict natural gas hydrate formation using both Aspen HYSYS® and HydraFlash software for various gas compositions and thermodynamic inhibitors (monoethylene glycol [MEG] concentrations at 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.% and methanol concentrations at 10 and 20 wt.%). The simulated predictions are compared with the results of the experimental data in the literature. It has been shown that HydraFlash software can accurately predict hydrate formation conditions for a given industrial case, without having to carry out costly experimental work. This work also evaluated the effect of inhibitors and it appears that inhibitor type and concentration are determined according to condition of gas composition. MEG is consequently selected as the most ideal hydrate inhibitor for the industrial case. This also was confirmed through COSMO‐RS studies in which the sigma profile and sigma potential of the considered inhibitors were obtained and presented using density functional (DFT) calculations to verify the hydrogen bonding affinities of the inhibitors to water molecules. HydraFlash was utilized to predict the dissociation conditions of hydrates under the influence of a high concentration of MEG inhibition, reaching up to 40 wt.% at 313 K and a pressure of 311.1 bar. Finally, it is shown that both software packages are quite accurate and useful tools for the prediction of hydrate for simple systems. However, HydraFlash can simulate more complex systems, including different types of salts at higher pressures. Investigation results indicate insightful guidance for accurately predicting hydrate dissociation under simulated conditions.
Distribution of rupture sites and blebs on intracranial aneurysm walls suggests distinct rupture patterns in ACom and MCA aneurysms
Authors: Karnam Yogesh , Mut Fernando , Yu Alexander K. , Cheng Boyle , Amin‐Hanjani Sepideh , Charbel Fady T. , Woo Henry H. , Niemelä Mika , Tulamo Riikka , Jahromi Behnam Rezai , Frösen Juhana , Tobe Yasutaka , Robertson Anne M. , Cebral Juan R.
Published: June 2024

The mechanisms behind intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture are not fully understood, with factors such as location, patient demographics, and hemodynamics playing a role. Additionally, the significance of anatomical features like blebs in ruptures is debated. This highlights the necessity for comprehensive research that combines patient‐specific risk factors with a detailed analysis of local hemodynamic characteristics at bleb and rupture sites. Our study analyzed 359 intracranial aneurysms from 268 patients, reconstructing patient‐specific models for hemodynamic simulations based on 3D rotational angiographic images and intraoperative videos. We identified aneurysm subregions and delineated rupture sites, characterizing blebs and their regional overlap, employing statistical comparisons across demographics, and other risk factors. This work identifies patterns in aneurysm rupture sites, predominantly at the dome, with variations across patient demographics. Hypertensive and anterior communicating artery (ACom) aneurysms showed specific rupture patterns and bleb associations, indicating two pathways: high‐flow in ACom with thin blebs at impingement sites and low‐flow, oscillatory conditions in middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms fostering thick blebs. Bleb characteristics varied with gender, age, and smoking, linking rupture risks to hemodynamic factors and patient profiles. These insights enhance understanding of the hemodynamic mechanisms leading to rupture events. This analysis elucidates the role of localized hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysm rupture, challenging the emphasis on location by revealing how flow variations influence stability and risk. We identify two pathways to wall failure—high‐flow and low‐flow conditions—highlighting the complexity of aneurysm behavior. Additionally, this research advances our knowledge of how inherent patient‐specific characteristics impact these processes, which need further investigation.