bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Terrestrial Water Storage, Drought and Seasonal Changes in Central Oklahoma With Ambient Seismic Noise
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Luo Bingxu , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Lumley David E. , Zhu Hejun
Published: September 2023

Significant imbalances in terrestrial water storage (TWS) and severe drought have been observed around the world as a consequence of climate changes. Improving our ability to monitor TWS and drought is critical for water‐resource management and water‐deficit estimation. We use continuous seismic ambient noise to monitor temporal evolution of near‐surface seismic velocity, dv/v, in central Oklahoma from 2013 to 2022. The derived dv/v is found to be negatively correlated with gravitational measurements and groundwater depths, showing the impact of groundwater storage on seismic velocities. The hydrological effects involving droughts and recharge of groundwater occur on a multi‐year time scale and dominate the overall derived velocity changes. The thermoelastic response to atmospheric temperature variations occurs primarily on a yearly timescale and dominates the superposed seasonal velocity changes in this study. The occurrences of droughts appear simultaneously with local peaks of dv/v, demonstrating the sensitivity of near‐surface seismic velocities to droughts.
Pre‐Eruptive Outgassing and Pressurization, and Post‐Fragmentation Bubble Nucleation, Recorded by Vesicles in Breadcrust Bombs From Vulcanian Activity at Guagua Pichincha Volcano, Ecuador
Authors: Colombier M. , Manga M. , Wright H. , Bernard B. , deGraffenried R. , Cáceres F. , Samaniego P. , Vasseur J. , Jakata K. , Cook P. , Dingwell D. B.
Published: September 2023

Breadcrust bombs formed during Vulcanian eruptions are assumed to originate from the shallow plug or dome. Their rim to core texture reflects the competition between cooling and degassing timescales, which results in a dense crust with isolated vesicles contrasting with a highly vesicular vesicle network in the interior. Due to relatively fast quenching, the crust can shed light on pre‐ and syn‐eruptive conditions prior to or during fragmentation, whereas the interior allows us to explore post‐fragmentation vesiculation. Investigation of pre‐ to post‐fragmentation processes in breadcrust bombs from the 1999 Vulcanian activity at Guagua Pichincha, Ecuador, via 2D and 3D textural analysis reveals a complex vesiculation history, with multiple, spatially localized nucleation and growth events. Large vesicles (Type 1), present in low number density in the crust, are interpreted as pre‐eruptive bubbles formed by outgassing and collapse of a permeable bubble network during ascent or stalling in the plug. Haloes of small, syn‐fragmentation vesicles (Type 2), distributed about large vesicles, are formed by pressurization and enrichment of volatiles in these haloes. The nature of the pressurization process in the plug is discussed in light of seismicity and ground deformation signals, and previous textural and chemical studies. A third population (Type 3) of post‐fragmentation small vesicles appears in the interior of the bomb, and growth and coalescence of Type 2 and 3 vesicles causes the transition from isolated to interconnected bubble network in the interior. We model the evolution of viscosity, bubble growth rate, diffusion timescales, bubble radius and porosity during fragmentation and cooling. These models reveal that thermal quenching dominates in the crust whereas the interior undergoes a viscosity quench caused by degassing, and that the transition from crust to interior corresponds to the onset of percolation and development of permeability in the bubble network.
Time‐Evolving Radiative Feedbacks in the Historical Period
Authors: Salvi Pietro , Gregory Jonathan M. , Ceppi Paulo
Published: September 2023

We investigate the time‐dependence of radiative feedback in the historical period (since the late 19th century), by analyzing experiments using coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models with historical greenhouse gas, anthropogenic aerosol, and natural forcings, each separately. We find that radiative feedback depends on forcing agent, primarily through the effect of cloud on shortwave radiation, because the various forcings cause different changes in global‐mean tropospheric stability per degree of global‐mean temperature change. The large time‐variation of historical feedback driven by observed sea surface temperature change alone, with no forcing agents, is also consistent with tropospheric stability change, and differs from the similarly large and significant historical time‐variation of feedback that is simulated in response to all forcing agents together. We show that the latter results from the varying relative sizes of individual forcings. We highlight that volcanic forcing is especially important for understanding the time‐variation, because it stimulates particularly strong feedbacks that tend to reduce effective climate sensitivity. We relate this to stability changes due to enhanced surface temperature response in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool.
Heat Transport Processes of the Indonesian Throughflow Along the Outflow Pathway in the Eastern Indian Ocean During the Last 160 Kyr
Authors: Ding Xuan , Bassinot Franck , Pang Xiaolei , Kou Yingxin , Zhou Liping
Published: September 2023

As the only low‐latitude connection along the return branch of the Great Conveyor Belt, the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) plays an important role in the large‐scale ocean–atmosphere interaction in the tropical region. However, the heat transport processes of the ITF along the outflow pathway in the eastern Indian Ocean over the recent geologic period is still debated. In this study, by using Mg/Ca ratios of the surface‐dwelling and thermocline‐dwelling planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, we reconstruct sea surface temperature and thermocline water temperature (TWT), and thermocline structure at two sites in the main outflow path of the ITF in the eastern Indian Ocean for the last 160 Kyr, and compare these new data with those from two cores in the central Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool. Our results show that, on the orbital time scale, the thermocline structure changes above the equatorial 90°E Ridge mimic those of the eastern Timor Sea, indicating that the ITF vertical structure remained unchanged during its penetration into the Indian Ocean. The TWT in the equatorial western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean presents similar change trend, suggesting that the ITF is likely to be an important route for thermocline water transport into the Indian Ocean. However, the vertical structure of the ITF varied through time, reflecting the effects of sea level and orbitally‐driven monsoonal activity. This impacted heat transport processes, resulting in changes in the surface water temperature along the outflow pathway in the eastern Indian Ocean.
MicroRNA regulation of AMPK in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sun Hao , Kemper Jongsook Kim
Published: September 2023

Obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is the leading cause of liver failure and death. The function of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master energy sensor, is aberrantly reduced in NAFLD, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Increasing evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRs) are associated with impaired AMPK function in obesity and NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence that miRs have a role in reducing AMPK activity in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of NAFLD. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of the aberrant expression of miRs that can negatively impact AMPK, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting the miR-AMPK pathway for NAFLD/NASH.
Functional significance of cholesterol metabolism in cancer: from threat to treatment
Authors: Xiao Mingming , Xu Jin , Wang Wei , Zhang Bo , Liu Jiang , Li Jialin , Xu Hang , Zhao Yingjun , Yu Xianjun , Shi Si
Published: September 2023

Cholesterol is an essential structural component of membranes that contributes to membrane integrity and fluidity. Cholesterol homeostasis plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular activities. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that cholesterol is a major determinant by modulating cell signaling events governing the hallmarks of cancer. Numerous studies have shown the functional significance of cholesterol metabolism in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis through its regulatory effects on the immune response, ferroptosis, autophagy, cell stemness, and the DNA damage response. Here, we summarize recent literature describing cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, including the cholesterol metabolism pathways and the mutual regulatory mechanisms involved in cancer progression and cholesterol metabolism. We also discuss various drugs targeting cholesterol metabolism to suggest new strategies for cancer treatment.
Application of a modified tetra-primer ARMS–PCR assay for rapid Panax species identity authentication in ginseng products
Authors: Yang Zhengxiu , Lo Yat Tung , Quan Zheng , He Junchen , Chen Yanjun , Faller Adam , Chua Tiffany , Wu Hoi Yan , Zhang Yanjun , Zou Qiang , Li Fan , Chang Peter , Swanson Gary , Shaw Pang Chui , Lu Zhengfei
Published: September 2023

Panax ginseng products can be adulterated with materials from other Panax species. The purpose of this study is to provide a rapid P. ginseng authentication method for simultaneous identification of P. ginseng and detection of adulteration in ginseng products at different processing stages. First, a tetra-primer ARMS–PCR assay was designed based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the trnL-trnF region and was tested at 28 PCR cycles with DNA extracted from Botanical Reference Materials (BRMs). Next, 5′ end random nucleotide and 3′ terminus phosphorothioates linkage modifications were incorporated into the inner primers to improve sensitivity and specificity at 40 PCR cycles. Finally, the modified assay was validated using characterized market ginseng materials and the detection limit was determined. The modified tetra-primer ARMS–PCR assay can achieve the desired sensitivity and specificity using one set of reaction conditions in ginseng materials at different stages. In validation, it was able to correctly identify target species P. ginseng and differentiate it from closely related species. This study suggests that the modified tetra-primer ARMS–PCR assay can be used for the rapid, species identity authentication of P. ginseng material in ginseng products. This assay can be used to complement chemical analytical methods in quality control, so both species identity and processing attributes of ginseng products can be efficiently addressed.
Structural characterization analysis and macromolecular model construction of coal from Qinggangping coal mine
Authors: Li Qi , Qin Yujin , Ren Shaokui
Published: September 2023

Understanding the molecular structure characteristics of coal at the molecular level is of great significance to realize the rational utilization and efficient conversion of coal. This paper gives insights into the acquisition of characterization parameters of coal molecular microstructure by testing and analyzing the long flame coal from Qinggangping (QGP) Coal Mine through proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, vitrinite reflectance determination, fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy test (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron epectroscopy test (XPS), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that benzene rings in the QGP coal are mainly connected in a disubstituted way, accounting for 36.48%. Oxygen atoms mainly exist in the oxygen-containing functional groups such as the ether C–O, C=O and –COO. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in the aliphatic group are mainly of symmetrical -CHx stretching vibration. Hydroxyl groups are mainly composed of OH–OH and OH–O hydrogen bonds, accounting for 29.21% and 21.53%, respectively. Nitrogen atoms exist in the form of C4H5N. The coal molecular is mainly of aromatic carbon structure, where the ratio of bridge aromatic carbon to peripheral carbon is 0.198. There are benzene, naphthalene and anthracene in the coal molecular structure, and the former two chemicals play a dominating role. According to the analysis results, the molecular formula of the QGP coal is finally determined as C205H181O29N3S. On this basis, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional macromolecular models are constructed with the assistance of simulation software. In addition, the 13C-NMR spectra and densities of the constructed molecular models are calculated, which verifies the rationality of the models. The macromolecular structure model of bituminous coal constructed in this study provides a theoretical model basis for the optimal surfactant.
An in-depth investigation of the impact of salt nature on the formulation of microemulsion systems
Authors: Rezaie Ali , Ghasemi Hassan , Eslami Fatemeh
Published: September 2023

Electrolytes have a wide range of technological applications. Despite the recent improvements in characterizing and predicting the phase behavior of microemulsion systems by hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) and net-average curvature (NAC) frameworks, they are ineffective in the presence of different salts. This work seeks to bridge this gap by investigating the influence of salt nature on the microemulsion phase formulation. First, a one-dimensional salinity scan on different microemulsion systems consisting of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as a surfactant, hexane as an oil and, several brines was carried out, and the effect of each salt on the phase behavior were precisely evaluated. The results for optimum salinity and solubilization parameter of different salts were consistent with the Hofmeister series. In addition, multiple linear regression model is presented to accurately predicting the optimum salinity of different salts using this research data and all the available experimental data. The results revealed that the values estimated by this model is in significant consistency with the experimental data by correlation coefficient of 0.92. Finally, the effect of salt type on the NAC parameters (length parameter, and characteristic length$$)$$
)
were evaluated to improve the predicting ability of this equation of state in the presence of various salts. We found that salt nature has a significant impact on both these parameters. It was found that the length parameter is linearly dependent on the optimum ionic strength of salts while the salting-out capacity of each salt was predominant factor affecting the characteristic length.
Novel phonocardiography system for heartbeat detection from various locations
Authors: Jaros Rene , Koutny Jiri , Ladrova Martina , Martinek Radek
Published: September 2023

The paper presents evaluation of the proposed phonocardiography (PCG) measurement system designed primarily for heartbeat detection to estimate heart rate (HR). Typically, HR estimation is performed using electrocardiography (ECG) or pulse wave as one of the fundamental diagnostic methodologies for assessing cardiac function. The system includes novel both sensory part and data processing procedure, which is based on signal preprocessing using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Shannon energy computation and heart sounds classification using K-means. Due to the lack of standardization in the placement of PCG sensors, the study focuses on evaluating the signal quality obtained from 7 different sensor locations on the subject’s chest and investigates which locations are most suitable for recording heart sounds. The suitability of sensor localization was examined in 27 subjects by detecting the first two heart sounds (S1, S2). The HR detection sensitivity related to reference ECG from all sensor positions reached values over 88.9 and 77.4% in detection of S1 and S2, respectively. The placement in the middle of sternum showed the higher signal quality with median of the proper S1 and S2 detection sensitivity of 98.5 and 97.5%, respectively.
Computational immunohistochemical mapping adds immune context to histological phenotypes in mouse models of colitis
Authors: Kobayashi Soma , Sullivan Christopher , Bialkowska Agnieszka B. , Saltz Joel H. , Yang Vincent W.
Published: September 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, dysregulated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The heterogeneity of IBD is reflected through two major subtypes, Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). CD and UC differ across symptomatic presentation, histology, immune responses, and treatment. While colitis mouse models have been influential in deciphering IBD pathogenesis, no single model captures the full heterogeneity of clinical disease. The translational capacity of mouse models may be augmented by shifting to multi-mouse model studies that aggregate analysis across various well-controlled phenotypes. Here, we evaluate the value of histology in multi-mouse model characterizations by building upon a previous pipeline that detects histological disease classes in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained murine colons. Specifically, we map immune marker positivity across serially-sectioned slides to H&E histological classes across the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) chemical induction model and the intestinal epithelium-specific, inducible Villin-CreERT2;Klf5fl/fl (Klf5ΔIND) genetic model. In this study, we construct the beginning frameworks to define H&E-patch-based immunophenotypes based on IHC-H&E mappings.
On catching the preparatory phase of damaging earthquakes: an example from central Italy
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Iaccarino Antonio G. , Spallarossa Daniele , Bindi Dino
Published: September 2023

How, when and where large earthquakes are generated remain fundamental unsolved scientific questions. Intercepting when a fault system starts deviating from its steady behavior by monitoring the spatio-temporal evolution and dynamic source properties of micro-to-small earthquakes can have high potential as tool for identifying the preparatory phase of large earthquakes. We analyze the seismic activity that preceded the Mw 6.3 earthquake that hit L’Aquila on 6 April 2009 in central Italy, and we show that the seismic catalog information can be transformed into features allowing us to track in a statistical framework the spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity. Features associated to foreshocks show different patterns from the background seismicity that occurred in the previous years. We show that features ensemble allows to clearly capture the activation phase of the main event. Nonetheless, foreshocks share similar clustering properties of previous seismic sequences not culminating in large earthquakes, and thus generating questions on their use as potential precursor for earthquake sequences prone to evolve into catastrophic sequences.
Hypso- or bathochromic phosphorescent mechanochromic mononuclear Cu(i) complexes with a bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether auxiliary ligand
Authors: He Hai-feng , Zhang Jia-kun , Wu Xiao-yun , Zhao Feng , Huang Yu-zhen , Wang Ming-cong , Feng Chao-xuan , Mao De-rui , Huang Xue-long , Hu Yi-fan
Published: September 2023

Two four-coordinate AIE-active Cu(i) complexes and four three-coordinate luminogenic Cu(i) complexes were reported. These Cu(i) complexes exhibited hypso- or bathochromic phosphorescent mechanochromism.
Highly emissive 4-carbazole-appended salen–indium complex: the effect of strong donor–acceptor interaction
Authors: Kim Yoseph , Kim Jaehoon , Lee Ji Hye , Moon Hyeongkwon , Noh Ga Hee , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Junseong , Park Jun Hui , Kim Youngjo , Park Myung Hwan
Published: September 2023

The paper presents a highly photoluminescent 4-CBZ-appended indium-based complex in THF at 77 K (ΦPL = 98.2%) and PMMA film (ΦPL = 70.2%). These results were obtained by the formation of an efficient D–A interaction.
Atom-economic access to cationic magnesium complexes
Authors: Brouillet Etienne V. , Brown Scott A. , Kennedy Alan R. , Rae Annabel , Walton Heather P. , Robertson Stuart D.
Published: September 2023

Ligand transfer from Mg to Al provides access to highly Lewis acidic, catalysis-relevant cationic Mg with high atom economy and no unwanted by-products.
Matrix-driven environmental fate and effects of silver nanowires during printed paper electronics end of life
Authors: Carboni Andrea , Slomberg Danielle L. , Ouaksel Amazigh , Brousset Lenka , Campos Andrea , Angeletti Bernard , Zareeipolgardani Bahareh , Depres Gael , Thiéry Alain , Rose Jerome , Charlet Laurent , Auffan Melanie
Published: September 2023

The fate and impact of silver nanowires incorporated in a paper-based nano-enabled product (NEP) was investigated in freshwater mesocosms.
Solution processable Si/Ge heterostructure NWs enabling anode mass reduction for practical full-cell Li-ion batteries
Authors: Adegoke Temilade Esther , Abdul Ahad Syed , Bangert Ursel , Geaney Hugh , Ryan Kevin M.
Published: September 2023

Solution processable Si/Ge heterostructure nanowires enabling anode mass reduction for Li-ion batteries.
Synthesis of amides directly from carboxylic acids and hydrazines
Authors: Bhardwaj Nivedita , Tripathi Nancy , Kumar Sanjay , Jain Shreyans K.
Published: September 2023

Zinc chloride catalyzed amide synthesis using various aliphatic/aromatic, carboxylic acid and hydrazine derivatives.
From vanillin to biobased aromatic polymers
Authors: Qiang Hongru , Wang Jiewen , Liu Hengxu , Zhu Yunqing
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the recent advances and synthetic routes for the development of different vanillin-based polymers, including thermosets, thermoplastics, and covalent adaptable networks (CANs), and their properties.
Both layered trihydroxide hollow cubes and bismuth oxide derived from MOF templates for high-performance alkaline batteries
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Wang Wenhui , Wang Huan , Zhang Wenlin , Zhen Yanzhong , Fu Feng , Xu Bin
Published: September 2023

A full battery was assembled with the CoNiMn-LDH cathode and the Bi2O3 anode derived from MOF templates, and achieved significant long-term cycling stability.
Iron-photocatalyzed double decarboxylative coupling reactions of alkynoic acids and alkyl carboxylic acids: access to alkylated alkynes
Authors: Kang Hyemin , An Seunghwan , Lee Sunwoo
Published: September 2023

Under an iron-photocatalytic system, the double decarboxylative coupling reaction between alkynoic acids and alkyl carboxylic acids produced alkylated alkynes in good yields.
Voltage and concentration gradients across membraneless interface generated next to hydrogels: relation to glycocalyx
Authors: Kowacz Magdalena , Withanage Sinith , Niestępski Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Next to many hydrophilic surfaces, including those of biological cells and tissues, a layer of water that effectively excludes solutes and particles can be generated.
Tunable assembly of host–guest colloidal crystals
Authors: Dwyer Tobias , Moore Timothy C. , Anderson Joshua A. , Glotzer Sharon C.
Published: September 2023

Entropy compartmentalization provides new self-assembly routes to colloidal host–guest (HG) structures.
The NeuroBel: A Screening Test for Verbal Language Impairment in Spanish-Speaking Elderly People With Cognitive Decline
Authors: Adrián José A. , Bermúdez-Llusá Geidy , Caramés José M. , Rodríguez-Parra María J. , Arango-Lasprilla Juan C.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The NeuroBel is a short test that can detect cognitive decline using language tasks. This study replicated previous research using larger clinical samples from three Spanish-speaking countries.

Method:

Eight tasks were used to analyze verbal language functioning using a psycholinguistic approach. A total of 232 elderly, monolingual Spanish speakers from Spain, Cuba, and Colombia participated in this study. Of these, 76 had Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the initial phase, 75 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 81 did not exhibit cognitive impairment (healthy controls).

Results:

Significant differences were observed among the three clinical groups. The participants with AD and the participants with MCI had significantly lower NeuroBel scores than the control group on most of the tasks. However, repetition (in AD vs. MCI) and auditory lexical decision (in MCI vs. control) tasks were not significant in Tukey's post hoc tests. Discriminant analysis showed that 80.6% of the participants were correctly classified into the original groups and revealed the tasks that were the best and worst for differentiating among groups. The receiver-operating characteristic curves showed high sensitivity for AD and MCI. The area under the curve was .97 in the contrast of AD versus MCI + controls, .96 in the determination of overall cognitive decline (AD + MCI vs. controls), and .93 in the contrast of MCI and control groups.

Conclusion:

This study confirmed that the NeuroBel is a suitable test for detecting cognitive decline based on language impairment in Spanish-speaking elderly people.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Dubey Dwaipayan , Grübel Fabian , Arenales-Lope Rosa , Molaverdikhani Karan , Ercolano Barbara , Rab Christian , Trapp Oliver
Published: September 2023

Context.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, largely known as PAHs, are widespread in the Universe and have been identified in a vast array of astronomical observations, from the interstellar medium to protoplanetary disks. They are likely to be associated with the chemical history of the Universe and the emergence of life on Earth. However, their abundance on exoplanets remains unknown.

Aims.We aim to investigate the feasibility of PAH formation in the thermalized atmospheres of irradiated and non-irradiated hot Jupiters around Sun-like stars.

Methods.To this aim, we introduced PAHs in the 1D, self-consistent forward modeling code petitCODE. We simulated a large number of planet atmospheres with different parameters (e.g., carbon to oxygen ratio, metallicity, and effective planetary temperature) to study PAH formation. By coupling the thermochemical equilibrium solution from petitCODE with the 1D radiative transfer code, petitRADTRANS, we calculated the synthetic transmission and emission spectra for irradiated and non-irradiated planets, respectively, and explored the role of PAHs in planet spectra.

Results.Our models show strong correlations between PAH abundance and the aforementioned parameters. In thermochemical equilibrium scenarios, an optimal temperature, elevated carbon to oxygen ratio, and increased metallicity values are conducive to the formation of PAHs, with the carbon to oxygen ratio having the largest effect.
The LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey
Authors: Hardcastle M. J. , Horton M. A. , Williams W. L. , Duncan K. J. , Alegre L. , Barkus B. , Croston J. H. , Dickinson H. , Osinga E. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Sabater J. , Shimwell T. W. , Smith D. J. B. , Best P. N. , Botteon A. , Brüggen M. , Drabent A. , de Gasperin F. , Gürkan G. , Hajduk M. , Hale C. L. , Hoeft M. , Jamrozy M. , Kunert-Bajraszewska M. , Kondapally R. , Magliocchetti M. , Mahatma V. H. , Mostert R. I. J. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Pajdosz-Śmierciak U. , Petley J. , Pierce J. C. S. , Prandoni I. , Schwarz D. J. , Shulewski A. , Siewert T. M. , Stott J. P. , Tang H. , Vaccari M. , Zheng X. , Bailey T. , Desbled S. , Goyal A. , Gonano V. , Hanset M. , Kurtz W. , Lim S. M. , Mielle L. , Molloy C. S. , Roth R. , Terentev I. A. , Torres M.
Published: September 2023

The second data release of the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) covers 27% of the northern sky, with a total area of ~5700 deg1. The high angular resolution of LOFAR with Dutch baselines (6 arcsec) allows us to carry out optical identifications of a large fraction of the detected radio sources without further radio followup; however, the process is made more challenging by the many extended radio sources found in LOFAR images as a result of its excellent sensitivity to extended structure. In this paper we present source associations and identifications for sources in the second data release based on optical and near-infrared data, using a combination of a likelihood-ratio cross-match method developed for our first data release, our citizen science project Radio Galaxy Zoo: LOFAR, and new approaches to algorithmic optical identification, together with extensive visual inspection by astronomers. We also present spectroscopic or photometric redshifts for a large fraction of the optical identifications. In total 4 116 934 radio sources lie in the area with good optical data, of which 85% have an optical or infrared identification and 58% have a good redshift estimate. We demonstrate the quality of the dataset by comparing it with earlier optically identified radio surveys. This is by far the largest ever optically identified radio catalogue, and will permit robust statistical studies of star-forming and radio-loud active galaxies.
Preservation of Platelets during Cardiopulmonary Bypass with ZK36374: A New Prostacyclin Analogue
Authors: Crowley Jeffrey C. , Pelley William B. , Ellison Norig , Stephenson Larry W. , Addonizio V. Paul
Published: September 2023

Extracorporeal circulation is associated with extensive alterations in platelet number and function. In certain individuals these adverse platelet changes are exacerbated by heparin. ZK36374 (ZK), a stable analogue of prostacyclin, reversibly inhibits all phases of platelet activation. A patient was presented with heparin induced platelet activation and paradoxical thrombosis who required cardiopulmonary bypass to correct severe tricuspid stenosis and ASD. We employed full heparinization and ZK to prevent surface and heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Prior to heparinization, a constant infusion of ZK was begun at 10 nanograms/kilogram/minute, tapered to 2 nanograms/kilogram/minute during bypass, and maintained until heparin was reversed with protamine. Prior to bypass, platelets demonstrated 50% reactivity and 2% reactivity when challenged by ADP and epinephrine, respectively, indicating inhibition of platelet function by ZK. Two hours after arrival in recovery 92% prebypass circulating platelet count, 90% preservation of platelet reactivity to ADP, and a template bleeding time near control were achieved. ZK was used safely to prevent both heparin and surface induced platelet changes during cardiopulmonary bypass in this patient.
Age Related Differences in Oxygen Free Radical Injury during Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Marvasti Mehdi A. , Veit Linda J. , Kohman Leslie J.
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 245-257 Fall 1987, 42 ref.) Myocardial protection with an oxygenated cardioplegic solution was studied in mature and immature animals. Isolated adult and neonatal rabbit hearts were exposed to 90 minutes of hypothermic 30°C ischemia, and one of the following treatments: multidose oxygenated (pO2<650 torr) cardioplegia, multidose nonoxygenated (pO2<200 torr) cardioplegia, and a noncardioplegic Krebs-Henseleit solution. Upon reperfusion, adult hearts that had not received either cardioplegia treatment failed to recover postischemic hemodynamic function. However, neonates given the same treatment were able to recover 74.0 ± 2.4% (Mean ± SEM) of preischemic cardiac output and 69.2 ± 5.7% recovery of stroke work. Oxygenated cardioplegia administered to adult and neonatal hearts resulted in postischemic cardiac output recovery of 90.8 ± 2.4% and 86.5 ± 8.6%, respectively. Cardiac output recovery in nonoxygenated cardioplegia groups was 105.3 ± 3.9% in the adults, and 95.2 ± 6.6% in the neonates. Coronary sinus creatine kinase was substantially elevated in all adult groups, but not in the cardioplegia treated neonates. Membrane lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde in myocardial tissue homogenates. Malondialdehyde remained at control levels across all neonatal groups, but in the mature hearts the nonoxygenated cardioplegia group had significantly lower peroxidative products than the oxygenated hearts. The results of this study indicate an increased susceptibility of the mature myocardium to both the damaging effects of ischemia and free oxygen radicals. Administration of an oxygenated cardioplegic solution failed to provide adequate protection during moderate hypothermic arrest, and resulted in increased membrane peroxidative activity.
Power Failure and the Pump: How Effective is Manual Operation?
Authors: Underwood Susan , Widmer Steven , Butler Brian , Dunmire Robert , Spence Richard , Cilley Jonathan , DelRossi Anthony
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 365-368 Fall 1987, 2 ref.) It is the primary concern of perfusionists to maintain flow to the patient under any circumstances. We performed the following study to determine how effectively both the roller and centrifugal force pumps produced flow when operated manually. The Travenola roller, Bio-Medicusb centrifugal and the Centrimedc centrifugal pumps were handcranked to generate a 3 liter/minute flow as measured during 30 second intervals with an arterial line Doppler flowmeter. The work (crank revolutions/minute) required to generate 3 liter/minute flow in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions was:

Pump
Clockwise
Counterclockwise

Travenol® Roller
—
116

Centrimed® Centrifugal
56
88

Bio-Medicus™ Centrifugal
74
90

The Travenol roller produces forward flow only when turned counterclockwise. Clockwise turning produces reverse flow. Both the Centrimed centrifugal and the Bio-Medicusb centrifugal produce forward flow with either clockwise or counterclockwise turning but the latter is more efficient. The Travenol roller was less efficient during manual operation than either the Bio-Medicus centrifugal and Centrimed centrifugal. Because pumps vary in their ability to produce flow when manually operated, the perfusionist must be prepared to provide the work needed to maintain flow in an emergency.
Preoperative Intravenous Nitroglycerin: A Potential Complication for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Courtney Pat H. , Wansley Donald E. , Warren E.T. , Hume ArthurS. , Heath Bobby J.
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 369-371 Fall 1987, 13 ref.) It has been reported that intravenous nitroglycerin may interfere with the anticoagulation effect of heparin.1 A literature search reports this only in low dose heparin management for coronary care unit patients. We have observed this same effect but on a much larger scale with complete heparinization required for cadiopulmonary bypass. We began to observe an inadequate response to the calculated dose of heparin approximately one year ago (400 units/kg.). Some adult patients required as much as four times the calculated dose of heparin to achieve an activated clotting time of greater than 600 seconds.

Preoperative PTT and A T3 levels and postoperative levels were obtained on 25 adult patients. These tests yielded normal values and we then expanded our investigation. A systematic breakdown of medications administered to patients preoperatively was begun, checking for potential heparin neutralization.

The studies of the medications administered revealed nitroglycerin to be the only common denominator for all the patients that required large heparin doses. Many coronary artery bypass patients at our institution are placed on intravenous nitroglycerin prior to surgery. Our search of the literature revealed this to be a previously unreported potential complication for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients on high dose intravenous nitroglycerin.
Anlage von Drainagen in der CT
Authors: Gößmann Holger
Published: September 2023

Perkutan angelegte Drainagen sind sehr effektiv, wenn extraluminale Flüssigkeitsansammlungen abgeleitet werden müssen. Sie werden am häufigsten unter sonografischer oder unter CT-Kontrolle
angelegt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über abdominelle und thorakale Drainagen in der CT und liefert Tipps und Tricks zur Einbringung und zum Material.
Vaskulitis der Haut nach Kokainkonsum
Authors: Hellwege Rubi Stephani , Sitter Thomas , Wörnle Markus
Published: September 2023

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 20-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit großflächigen und äußerst schmerzhaften Purpura mit Nekrosearealen und Vesikeln, vor allem an den unteren Extremitäten, aber auch an den Armen, am Stamm und an den Ohren in unserer Notaufnahme vor. Vorbestehend war ein Konsum von Kokain.

Untersuchungen In den Laboruntersuchungen zeigten sich erhöhte Entzündungszeichen sowie eine Erhöhung der Proteinase 3- und Myeloperoxidase-ANCA (Anti-Neutrophile cytoplasmatische Antikörper).

Diagnose In Zusammenschau der Anamnese, des klinischen Befundes und der Laborwerte zeigte sich eine Vaskulitis der Haut nach Kokainkonsum.

Therapie und Verlauf Unter einer Therapie mit Steroid sowie Drogenkarenz kam es zu einer Rückbildung der Veränderungen.

Folgerung Die Vaskulitis ist eine schwerwiegende Komplikation der Einnahme von Kokain.
A corpus-based discourse analysis of China’s national image constructed by environmental news in The New York Times
Authors: Yang Mei , Wang Ziwei
Published: September 2023

The persuasive function of topoi—the conclusion rules connecting the arguments and claims—in national image construction through news discourse has been relatively under-researched. This article presents findings from a corpus-based discourse analysis of 21 China-related environmental news stories in The New York Times to address this gap. The corpus analysis of frequency was utilized to find out recurrent and characteristic topics in the news discourse, while the concordance analysis revealed the discourse prosody in the news stories. Topoi in the reported speech was scrutinized to uncover the persuasive intentions in the coverage and the press’s opinion of China’s pro-environmental actions. The findings demonstrate that China is constructed as a country pursuing economic growth at the expense of the environment and a country that is good at showing resolution of governance but with poor governance capacity. The paper suggests that China should spread environmental-related information more transparently using a vigorous international discourse system and diversify means of communication to offer the world more ways to see China’s pro-environmental actions.
Dielectric Properties of Nanostructured ZnO Using Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Mayberry Grant , Hari Parameswar
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on the dielectric properties of 21.9-nm spherical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature, as a dry powder and suspended in a liquid. Impedance spectra in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5.1 MHz were used to investigate the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of ZnO NPs. The commercially available ZnO NPs used in this study were suspended in variable volume fractions up to ∼1% in deionized (DI) water and unrefined organic coconut oil and subjected to three sonication conditions: no sonication (NS), 1 hour of bath sonication (BS), and 1 hour of bath sonication followed by probe sonication throughout the experiment (CS, “concurrent sonication”) to determine sonication dependence. Small volumes of the resulting suspension were injected sequentially into a dielectric cell for measuring frequency response. Dry particle tests were conducted similarly. Impedance data suggests that the dielectric behavior of ZnO NPs in a liquid suspension is highly dependent on sonication before and during the test and exhibited a strong dependence of dipole with the polarity of the liquid at low frequencies. In addition, a higher dielectric constant of ZnO NPs was observed when the nanoparticles were in suspension than as a dry powder. For frequencies between 100 Hz and 100 kHz, the average dielectric constant of ZnO NPs in DI water, in unrefined coconut oil, and as a dry particle are 368.63, 24.43, and 7.25, respectively.
Remarkable Topological Features of Electronic Band Dispersion of IrGa and RhGa Compounds from First Principles
Authors: Alvarez Jean P. , Gordon David , Howard Jack , Steier Joshua , Hettiarachchilage Kalani , Haldolaarachchige Neel
Published: September 2023

Exotic behavior of linearly dispersed electronic bands near the Fermi level implies advanced physical properties in a material. In this paper, we present an ab initio study of the electronic properties of IrGa and RhGa, with and without spin-orbit interaction, using first-principles calculations. Linearly dispersed band crossings, reminiscent of topological semimetallic band structures, were identified near the Fermi energy. These include type-I and type-II Dirac points and nodal lines. By applying compressive and tensile stress to the lattice along x, y, and z, the response to the band structure near the Fermi level has been studied.
Source of two-dimensional electron gas in unintentionally doped AlGaN/GaN multichannel high-electron-mobility transistor heterostructures—Experimental evidence of the hole trap state
Authors: Lingaparthi R. , Dharmarasu N. , Radhakrishnan K. , Huo Lili
Published: September 2023

Multichannel high electron mobility transistor (MC-HEMT) heterostructures are one of the choices for improved power performance of GaN HEMTs. By comparing the experimentally obtained two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) concentration of unintentionally doped (UID) AlGaN/GaN MC-HEMTs with simulated 2DEG concentration, we hypothesized that hole trap(s) exist at the buried GaN/AlGaN interfaces, which act as sources of 2DEG in UID MC-HEMT heterostructures. Furthermore, these hole traps stop the Fermi level from cutting the valence band at GaN/AlGaN interfaces, which in turn precludes the generation of parallel two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in the MC-HEMT. However, no experimental report is present as a proof for the existence of such a hole trap in MC-HEMT heterostructures. In this study, a capacitance–conductance method on single and dual channel HEMTs revealed traps with higher time constant of 19–28.7 μs exclusively for the dual channel HEMT heterostructure. These traps are observed at the buried GaN/AlGaN interface of the dual channel HEMT; hence, they are attributed to possible hole traps at this interface. By conducting systematic deep level transient spectroscopy measurements, the existence of hole traps is confirmed at the buried GaN/AlGaN interface with an activation energy of 717 meV and a capture cross section of 1.3 × 10−14 cm2. This experimental evidence of the existence of hole traps at the GaN channel/AlGaN interface further supports our claim that these hole traps act as the source of 2DEG in UID MC-HEMTs and that buried parallel 2DHG channels do not exist in MC-HEMTs.
Universal and interpretable classification of atomistic structural transitions via unsupervised graph learning
Authors: Aroboto Bamidele , Chen Shaohua , Hsu Tim , Wood Brandon C. , Jiao Yang , Chapman James
Published: September 2023

Materials processing often occurs under extreme dynamic conditions leading to a multitude of unique structural environments. These structural environments generally occur at high temperatures and/or high pressures, often under non-equilibrium conditions, which results in drastic changes in the material's structure over time. Computational techniques, such as molecular dynamics simulations, can probe the atomic regime under these extreme conditions. However, characterizing the resulting diverse atomistic structures as a material undergoes extreme changes in its structure has proved challenging due to the inherently non-linear relationship between structures as large-scale changes occur. Here, we introduce SODAS++, a universal graph neural network framework, that can accurately and intuitively quantify the atomistic structural evolution corresponding to the transition between any two arbitrary phases. We showcase SODAS++ for both solid–solid and solid–liquid transitions for systems of increasing geometric and chemical complexity, such as colloidal systems, elemental Al, rutile and amorphous TiO2, and the non-stoichiometric ternary alloy Ag26Au5Cu19. We show that SODAS++ can accurately quantify all transitions in a physically interpretable manner, showcasing the power of unsupervised graph neural network encodings for capturing the complex and non-linear pathway, a material's structure takes as it evolves.
Bifurcation of coherent vortex flow in a magnetic island through nonlinear parity instability
Authors: Zhang Y. , Guo Z. B. , Hu Z. Q. , Li J. Q. , Xu M.
Published: September 2023

The topology of the vortex flow associated with the magnetic island plays a significant role in modulating the turbulent transport near the magnetic island. In this paper, self-consistent nonlinear simulations of multi-scale interactions among large scale tearing mode, vortex flow, and small scale ion temperature-gradient (ITG) mode are numerically investigated based on the five-field Landau-fluid model. We found that the coherent vortex flow in a magnetic island has different parities in the nonlinear quasi-steady state, and this can be described by a theoretical framework—nonlinear parity instability. In the ITG stable case, the structure of the vortex flow bifurcates from tearing parity to twisting parity, which is characterized by modulational parity instability, modeled by a four-wave nonlinear coupling process. In the ITG unstable case, the vortex flow stays in tearing parity without parity bifurcation, and the energy is transferred from the twisting parity modes to the tearing parity modes. The impact of the parity instability on the magnetic island width is discussed as well.
Spacetime, essentially
Authors: Haggard Hal M.
Published: September 2023

General Relativity: The Essentials, Carlo Rovelli
‘Being in a place where it matters’: GPs who do and do not work in Aboriginal Health Services
Authors: Prentice Shaun , Barrett Alexandra , Benson Jill , Elliott Taryn
Published: September 2023

Background Few general practitioners (GPs) pursue a career in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. This research examined factors motivating Australian General Practice Training Program (AGPT) graduates to remain in, or leave, Aboriginal Medical Services (AMSs). Methods AGPT graduates who remained (n = 11) and left (n = 9) AMSs after placements participated in semi-structured interviews across two studies. Thematic analysis informed by grounded theory was employed. Results Both participant groups highlighted similar motivations for requesting an AMS placement, particularly their interest in Aboriginal health or culture. Participants enjoyed organisational structures and relationships, and faced similar barriers to working in AMSs. Those who left placed greater emphasis on the politics and bureaucracy, and unpredictability, and also faced the barrier of ties to their current practice. Those who remained in Aboriginal health more proactively addressed barriers and had a more external view of barriers. Conclusions Factors influencing career decisions of GPs in Aboriginal health overlap with those for GPs in rural and other under-served areas. Training providers can better prepare (e.g. more comprehensive orientations) and support registrars during their placements (e.g. greater mentoring). Registrars’ perceptions of, and reactions to, barriers may be pivotal in determining whether they remain in Aboriginal health. This article provides guidance for training providers to better support AMS registrars and encourage more GPs to work in this sector.