bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupations, National Identity, and Immigrant Integration
Authors: Maxwell Rahsaan
Published: July 2016

This article examines strategies for immigrants to improve integration by exploring the relationship between occupational choice and assimilation. I ask whether immigrant-origin individuals will be viewed as better representatives of the nation when employed in occupations that reflect national identity. I examine this question with data from original surveys in France, Germany, and the United States. Results suggest that native and immigrant-origin individuals in occupations that reflect national identity are more likely to be seen as ideal representatives of the nation. Yet, the benefits of an occupation that reflects national identity are fairly minor for immigrant-origin individuals in France and Germany and roughly one third the size of the benefit for native-origin individuals. In comparison, native and immigrant-origin individuals in the United States have the same increase in likelihood of being seen as ideal representatives of the nation. These findings have implications for our understanding of immigrant integration and national identity.
Segmentary Opposition, Vertical Integration and the Structure of Political Relations in Bangladesh: A Descriptive Model
Authors: Suykens Bert
Published: July 2016

This article aims to conceptualize political relations in Bangladesh by building a descriptive model of these relations. It draws on the concept of segmentary opposition developed by Evans-Pritchard in his study of the Nuer political system and on the concept of vertical integration used in the study of both industrial relations and party structures in federal states. It is argued that the structure of political relations in Bangladesh is based on the interaction of the logic of segmentary opposition and of vertical integration under leader-based groups. The descriptive model is then applied to two cases, based on qualitative fieldwork in Dhaka and Chittagong, to further clarify the model and illustrate its use as an analytical tool.
Modeling typical driving patterns in target trajectory decisions for vehicles traversing roads with complex shapes
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhao Jun , Yang Kui , Shao Yiming
Published: July 2016

Deciding a target trajectory within the edges of a driveway is the primary task undertaken by a person driving along a road. Therefore, a trajectory decision model is an essential component of a complete driver model. In this paper, we propose a trajectory decision model that is suitable for complicated mountain roads and racing circuits. We first present a computational strategy of “point selection in a preview cross-section,” and establish four objective functions corresponding to four typical driving patterns (direction control patterns/habits) that could be applied to a mountain road. Subsequently, inequality constraints are set based on the practical driving features. While referring to the decision-making processes for determining a target trajectory in the real world, a rolling-horizon algorithm is proposed for trajectory decision simulation for a mountain road of an arbitrarily complicated alignment, which is also of an arbitrary length. Simulation examples for the trajectory decision for two mountain highways and one Formula 1 circuit are presented at the end of the paper. The simulation results show that the simulated trajectories produced by the proposed models conform to our expectations and are consistent with the trajectories observed in actual driving. Moreover, the decision model for the target trajectory, along with a previously developed trajectory tracking model, can be combined into an improved driver model with a more complete structure: that is, a “preview—decision—tracking” direction control model.
Peer Review and Scholarly Originality
Authors: Siler Kyle , Strang David
Published: July 2016

We examine the criticisms and subsequent changes that arise in the course of peer review. Fifty-two scholars who had recently published in Administrative Science Quarterly were surveyed regarding their peer review experience and how their article changed from initial journal submission to eventual publication. Papers that challenged theoretical perspectives faced distinctively high levels of criticism and change, particularly with attention to methodology, while those that offered a new perspective or that extended or combined established perspectives were less criticized and changed. The number of challenge-oriented publications was small as well, suggesting that either few such submissions survive the review process or few are submitted in the first place. Overall, peer review appears open to expansion of the variety of theoretical argument but does little to aid in the winnowing out of established perspectives.
Tonsillectomy Bleed Rates across the CHEER Practice Research Network
Authors: Lee Walter T. , Witsell David L. , Parham Kourosh , Shin Jennifer J. , Chapurin Nikita , Pynnonen Melissa A. , Langman Alan , Nguyen‐Huynh Anh , Ryan Sheila E. , Vambutas Andrea , Roberts Rhonda S. , Schulz Kris
Published: July 2016

Objectives

(1) Compare postoperative bleeding in the CHEER network (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) among age groups, diagnoses, and practice types. (2) Report the incidence of bleeding by individual CHEER practice site based on practice guidelines.

Study Design

Retrospective data collection database review of the CHEER network based on ICD‐9 and CPT codes related to tonsillectomy patients.

Setting

Multisite practice–based network.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 8347 subjects underwent tonsillectomy as determined by procedure code within the retrospective data collection database, and 107 had postoperative hemorrhage. These subjects had demographic information and related diagnoses based on the CPT and ICD‐9 codes collected. Postoperative ICD‐9 and CPT codes were used to identify patients who also had postoperative bleed. Variables included age (<12 vs ≥12 years), diagnoses (infectious vs noninfectious), and practice type (community vs academic). Statistical analysis included multivariate logistic regression variables predictive of postoperative bleeding, with P <. 05 considered significant.

Results

Thirteen sites contributed data to the study (7 academic, 6 community). There was postoperative bleeding for an overall bleed rate of 1.3%. Patients ≥12 years old had a significantly increased bleed rate when compared with the younger group (odds ratio, 5.98; 95% confidence interval: 3.79‐9.44; P <. 0001). There was no significant difference in bleed rates when practices or diagnoses were compared.

Conclusion

A site descriptor database built to expedite clinical research can be used for practice assessment and quality improvement. These data were also useful to identify patient risk factors for posttonsillectomy bleed.
Ethics of Placebo Control in Trials for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Maldonado Fernández Miguel , Kornetsky Susan , Rubio Rodriguez Laura
Published: July 2016

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) involves sudden loss of hearing from cochlear or retrocochlear origin of unknown cause. Systemic corticosteroids may be considered in the management of ISSNHL. However, an updated Cochrane systematic review concludes that “the value of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains unclear since the evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials is contradictory in outcome.” Therefore, a new clinical trial that addresses this question is mandatory. A first step in its design is to determine if placebo control would be ethically acceptable. We conclude that there is equipoise (uncertainty) about the use of corticosteroids for ISSHL. A new trial is justified—but with the inclusion of interim analyses to detect early imbalances on efficacy or safety and with the ability to stop the trial if needed.
Does an Otolaryngology‐Specific Database Have Added Value? A Comparative Feasibility Analysis
Authors: Bellmunt Angela M. , Roberts Rhonda , Lee Walter T. , Schulz Kris , Pynnonen Melissa A. , Crowson Matthew G. , Witsell David , Parham Kourosh , Langman Alan , Vambutas Andrea , Ryan Sheila E. , Shin Jennifer J.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

There are multiple nationally representative databases that support epidemiologic and outcomes research, and it is unknown whether an otolaryngology‐specific resource would prove indispensable or superfluous. Therefore, our objective was to determine the feasibility of analyses in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) databases as compared with the otolaryngology‐specific Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research (CHEER) database.

Study Design

Parallel analyses in 2 data sets.

Setting

Ambulatory visits in the United States.

Subjects and Methods

To test a fixed hypothesis that could be directly compared between data sets, we focused on a condition with expected prevalence high enough to substantiate availability in both. This query also encompassed a broad span of diagnoses to sample the breadth of available information. Specifically, we compared an assessment of suspected risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in subjects 0 to 21 years of age, according to a predetermined protocol. We also assessed the feasibility of 6 additional diagnostic queries among all age groups.

Results

In the NAMCS/NHAMCS data set, the number of measured observations was not sufficient to support reliable numeric conclusions (percentage standard error among risk factors: 38.6‐92.1). Analysis of the CHEER database demonstrated that age, sex, meningitis, and cytomegalovirus were statistically significant factors associated with pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (P <. 01). Among the 6 additional diagnostic queries assessed, NAMCS/NHAMCS usage was also infeasible; the CHEER database contained 1585 to 212,521 more observations per annum.

Conclusion

An otolaryngology‐specific database has added utility when compared with already available national ambulatory databases.
Ambiguous longings: Nostalgia as the interplay among self, time and world
Authors: Lems Annika
Published: July 2016

This article explores nostalgia’s multi-facetted character by linking its discursive and experiential dimensions. In a first move, I highlight its importance as an analytical category that grew out of a very particular history of knowledge. Focusing on a specific case that played a crucial role in the development of two distinct phases of nostalgia as a concept, I show how it has become inextricably linked to ideas of displacement and loss. In a second move, I juxtapose this metaphorical treatment of loss and nostalgia with a focus on the lifeworld of one individual who has experienced physical displacement. In focusing on two particular nostalgic moments in her life, I sketch the contours of an anthropological phenomenology of nostalgia.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Beck Jennifer J. , Tepolt Frances A. , Miller Patricia E. , Micheli Lyle J. , Kocher Mininder S.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a cause of leg pain in running athletes and is treated with fasciotomy after failure of nonoperative management. CECS is being seen with increased frequency in younger patients. The demographics and outcomes of fasciotomy for CECS in pediatric patients, including risk factors for treatment failure, have not been described.

Purpose:

To describe characteristics of pediatric patients with CECS and determine surgical outcomes of the condition in this population.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed for patients 18 years and younger treated surgically for CECS with compartment release at a single institution from 1995 to 2014. Demographic and condition characteristics, operative procedure, postoperative course, and clinical outcomes were recorded for 286 legs of 155 patients. Compartment pressure testing using the Pedowitz criteria confirmed the diagnosis in all patients.

Results:

A total of 155 patients were included in the study (average patient age at presentation, 16.4 ± 1.38 years); 136 (88%) were female. All 155 patients presented with leg pain; of these patients, 8 (5%) also had neurologic symptoms, and 131 (85%) presented with bilateral symptoms requiring bilateral compartment release. Symptoms were chronic in nature, with duration over 1 year in 63% of patients. The primary sport was most commonly reported as running (25%), soccer (23%), or field hockey (12%); 50% of patients were multisport athletes. Of 286 legs, 138 (48%) had only anterior and/or lateral compartments released, while 84 (29.4%) had all 4 compartments released. Documented return to sport was seen in 79.5% of patients. Outcomes analysis was performed for 250 of 286 legs. Of these 250 legs, 47 (18.8%) had recurrent CECS requiring reoperation at a median of 1.3 years (interquartile range, 0.8-3.5) after initial compartment release. For each additional month between presentation and release, the odds of recurrence decreased by 12% ( P = .04). Legs with only anterior and/or lateral compartment released had 3.4 times (95% CI, 1.29-9.14) the odds of reoperation compared with legs that had all 4 compartments released ( P = .01). Twenty-eight of 250 legs (11.2%) had wound issues that resolved with nonoperative management. No wounds required repeat surgical management.

Conclusion:

CECS in pediatric patients most commonly occurs in adolescent females participating in running sports. Fasciotomy results in a 79.5% return-to-sports rate. Recurrence occurs in 18.8% of patients, more commonly in patients undergoing anterior and lateral release only.
Teacher Professional Development for TPACK-21CL
Authors: Koh Joyce Hwee Ling , Chai Ching Sing , Lim Wei Ying
Published: July 2016

This article explicates the conception and evaluation of an information and communications technologies (ICT) professional development process for developing teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge for 21st century learning. The process emphasizes teachers’ prolonged engagement with peers and researchers in design teams. Supported by technological pedagogical content knowledge rubrics and technological pedagogical content knowledge design heuristics, the process enabled teachers to assess their current ICT lessons, set design goals, redesign, implement, and evaluate student learning outcomes, as well as reflect on their pedagogical practices. A year-long implementation study conducted with 37 teachers from a Singapore primary school who were organized into seven lesson design teams found that the process had positive effects on teachers’ confidence for technological pedagogical content knowledge for 21st century learning and lesson design practices. Five of the seven design teams were able to make pedagogical changes toward 21st century learning, and six of the teams realized improvement in student learning outcomes. The implications for teacher ICT professional development are discussed.
Optimization of free-form surface machining using parallel planes strategy and torus milling cutter
Authors: Redonnet Jean-Max , Gamboa Vázquez Alejandro , Traslosheros Michel Alberto , Segonds Stéphane
Published: July 2016

Machining by parallel planes is a widely used strategy for end-milling of free-form surfaces on 3-axis numerically controlled machines. In industry, this type of machining is generally performed with a hemispherical tool. However, numerous studies have shown the benefits of torus-end mills over ball-end or flat-end mills. More than anything, the machining direction has much influence on productivity while using a torus-end mill. In this context, the choice of the machining direction is of paramount importance when using a torus-end mill in the machining of free-form surfaces. This paper presents an optimization of part machining direction allowing the machining time to be minimized while respecting the maximum imposed scallop height. This optimization methodology is then applied to an industrial part and measurements are performed on this part. The study highlights the interest of optimizing the machining direction and the benefits that can be drawn with respect to machining using a non-optimized direction.
Going off-script and reframing the frame: The dialogic intertwining of the centripetal and centrifugal voices in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings
Authors: Tovares Alla V
Published: July 2016

After the end of apartheid, the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established to uncover the truth and, most importantly, unite a deeply divided nation. This overarching goal of reconciliation not only framed the TRC’s work, but also shaped each hearing so that it followed a somewhat predictable script. In this article, bringing together Goffman’s framing and Bakhtin’s dialogicality, I analyze two selected hearings to show how the testifiers and the TRC commissioners go off-script and thereby reframe participants’ relationships in terms of power and solidarity, the hearing as a social situation, and understandings of the past and the truth. Suggesting that the TRC officials represent centripetal (official) voices and the testifiers represent centrifugal (marginal) voices, I show how going off-script works to not only reframe and laminate frames in a highly organized institutional encounter, but also is a way of intertwining the centripetal and centrifugal voices, thus creating dialogicality.
Adipokines, tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Santos F M M , Telles R W , Lanna C C D , Teixeira A L , Miranda A S , Rocha N P , Ribeiro A L
Published: July 2016

Objectives

To analyze the association of adipokines and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its receptors with characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the correlation between adipokines and the TNF system.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-six SLE women, aged ≥18 years old, were assessed. TNFα, soluble TNFα receptors 1 (sTNFR1) and 2 (sTNFR2) and adipokines were analyzed by ELISA kits.

Results

The median (IQR) of age was 41.5 (33.0–49.7) years old and of disease duration 11.3 (7.8–15.8) years. The median (IQR) of disease activity was 0 (0–4) and of damage index was 2 (1–3). Higher levels of sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were associated with nephritis ( p < 0.001 for both), and sTNFR1 ( p = 0.025) and TNFα ( p = 0.014) were positively associated with arthritis. Higher sTNFR1 levels were found in participants that were not using antimalarial drugs ( p = 0.04). Independent correlation was found between sTNFR1 (β = 0.253; p = 0.003) and sTNFR2 (β = 0.297; p < 0.001) levels and disease activity and damage index (sTNFR1: β = 0.367; p < 0.001; sTNFR2: β = 0.335; p < 0.001). Higher adiponectin levels were independently associated with nephritis ( p = 0.009) and antimalarial drugs use ( p = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between leptin and sTNFR2 levels ( p = 0.002) and between resistin levels and sTNFR1 ( p < 0.001) and sTNFR2 ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The correlation between adipokines and TNF system allows a better understanding of the role of adipokines in the inflammatory response in SLE patients.
By how much could screening by primary human papillomavirus testing reduce cervical cancer incidence in England?
Authors: Castanon Alejandra , Landy Rebecca , Sasieni Peter
Published: July 2016

Objective

The replacement of cytology with human papillomavirus testing as the primary cervical screening test in England is imminent. In light of newly available evidence, we revised our previous estimates of the likely impact of primary human papillomavirus testing on incidence of cervical cancer.

Method and results

Using screening data on women aged 25–64 diagnosed with cervical cancer in England between 1988 and 2012, we previously reported that 38.8% had a negative test six months to six years prior to diagnosis. However, not all of these cancers would be prevented by human papillomavirus testing: for 1.0% the human papillomavirus positive test would come too late (within 18 months of diagnosis) to make a difference; 7.6% will have a negative human papillomavirus test (based on 79.9% sensitivity of human papillomavirus testing in cytology negative women); and 2.0% will develop cancer despite a positive human papillomavirus test. Additionally, we estimate that some women (equivalent to 4.3% of current incidence) whose cancers are currently prevented by cytology-based screening will have a false-negative human papillomavirus test.

Conclusion

Overall, we estimate that 23.9% (95% CI: 19.3–27.6%) of current cases in women invited for screening could be prevented. Based on 2013 cancer incidence statistics, absolute numbers could be reduced by 487 (95% CI 394 to 563) or 3.4 (95% CI 2.8 to 4.0) per 100,000 women per year.
Trends in nursing ethics research: Mapping the literature production
Authors: Blažun Vošner Helena , Železnik Danica , Kokol Peter , Vošner Janez , Završnik Jernej
Published: July 2016

Background:

There have been a number of debates in the field of nursing ethics. Researchers have focused on various aspects of nursing ethics, such as professional ethics, professional, nursing and ethical values. Within this research, a variety of literature reviews have been conducted, but to the best of our knowledge, bibliometric mapping has not yet been used.

Objective:

This article aims to analyse the production of literature within nursing ethics research.

Research design:

In order to examine publishing patterns, we focused on publishing dynamics, prolific research entities and the most-cited articles. We additionally visualised the content of the literature using a novel mixed-method approach, combining bibliometric analysis and mapping with thematic analysis.

Ethical considerations:

In our study, ethical review was not required.

Findings:

A total of 1416 information sources were found in the Scopus database. Overall, literature production has increased; however, in recent years, the quantity of published material has begun to decrease. The most prolific countries are the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, and the most prolific source titles are Nursing Ethics, Journal of Advanced Nursing and Nursing Times. Lately, research in the field of nursing ethics has been focused more on life care (providing for the basic needs of older residents), moral distress and community nursing.

Discussion:

The dynamics of research literature production showed an exponential rise in the number of published information sources – a rise which started in the period between 1974 and 1998. Since that period, the trend has stabilised, which might indicate that nursing ethics research is starting a transition to a mature phase.

Conclusion:

The innovative use of bibliometric analysis and mapping, together with thematic analysis, is a useful tool for analysis of research production in the field of nursing ethics. The results presented can be an excellent starting point for literature reviews and more exhaustive data, information and knowledge seeking.
The Local Embeddedness of Foreign Campuses
Authors: Bellini Nicola , Pasquinelli Cecilia , Rovai Serena , Tani Simone
Published: July 2016

This article is based on the case study of the establishment of the campus of Tongji University (TU) in Florence, Italy, in 2014. This is the first offshore campus of a Chinese university in a Western country, showing an innovative trend, in particular concerning the legitimacy within the host sociopolitical and economic context. This article frames the case in the scenario of academic internationalization and Chinese higher education. The article analyzes the internationalization strategy of TU and the peculiar evolution of Florence as an “education hub,” and gives a detailed account of the process leading to the establishment of the campus. Conclusions emphasize the innovative features related to Tongji’s choice to follow a delocalized platform approach and to network with local actors. This imposes a more complex view of the impact on the host region.
Quantum Sustainable Organizing Theory
Authors: Dyck Bruno , Greidanus Nathan S.
Published: July 2016

We draw on quantum physics ideas of “entanglement” and “indeterminism” to introduce and develop “Quantum Sustainable Organizing Theory” (QSOT). Quantum entanglement points to the interconnectedness of matter in ways that defy Newtonian physics and commonsense assumptions that underlay conventional organizing theory. Quantum indeterminism suggests that uncertainty is an inherent feature of reality and not simply a lack of information that impedes rational decision making. Taken together, these quantum ideas challenge the assumptions of conventional organizational theorizing about the boundaries between a firm and its natural and social environment, the importance of self-interested individualism and (sociomaterial) financial measures of performance, the emphasis on competitiveness, and the hallmarks of rational theory and practice. We discuss implications for sustainable organizing in particular and for organization theory more generally.
Rates of Abnormally Low TOPF Word Reading Scores in Individuals Failing Versus Passing Performance Validity Testing
Authors: Martin Phillip K. , Schroeder Ryan W. , Wyman-Chick Kathryn A. , Hunter Ben P. , Heinrichs Robin J. , Baade Lyle E.
Published: July 2016

The present study examined the impact of performance validity test (PVT) failure on the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) in a sample of 252 neuropsychological patients. Word reading performance differed significantly according to PVT failure status, and number of PVTs failed accounted for 7.4% of the variance in word reading performance, even after controlling for education. Furthermore, individuals failing ≥2 PVTs were twice as likely as individuals passing all PVTs (33% vs. 16%) to have abnormally low obtained word reading scores relative to demographically predicted scores when using a normative base rate of 10% to define abnormality. When compared with standardization study clinical groups, those failing ≥2 PVTs were twice as likely as patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and as likely as patients with Alzheimer’s dementia to obtain abnormally low TOPF word reading scores. Findings indicate that TOPF word reading based estimates of premorbid functioning should not be interpreted in individuals invalidating cognitive testing.
Effects of a Paired Literacy Program on Emerging Bilingual Children’s Biliteracy Outcomes in Third Grade
Authors: Soltero-González Lucinda , Sparrow Wendy , Butvilofsky Sandra , Escamilla Kathy , Hopewell Susan
Published: July 2016

This longitudinal study examined whether the implementation of a Spanish-English paired literacy approach provides an academic advantage to emerging bilingual students over a sequential literacy approach. The study employed a quasi-experimental design. It compared the biliteracy outcomes of third-grade emerging bilingual learners participating in paired literacy instruction from Grades K-3 ( n = 167) to those of students from the same schools who received sequential literacy instruction in K-2 and started to participate in the paired literacy model in third grade ( n = 191). Students’ writing and reading were assessed in both languages using informal measures; third-grade reading scores on a high-stakes state assessment were also examined. Independent-samples t tests were conducted to compare means on the four measures (Spanish and English writing and reading), and Cohen’s d was calculated to generate effect sizes for each assessment in each language. Frequencies were run to determine the percentage of students who met or exceeded the state test performance standards. Findings indicate that the paired literacy group scored considerably higher than students in the comparison group on all measures. Furthermore, differences between groups were statistically significant for each outcome measure in each language with moderate to large effect sizes (0.42 to 0.90). Also, a larger percentage of students in the paired literacy group met or exceeded the state test performance standards. These findings suggest that paired literacy instruction leads to stronger literacy outcomes in both languages than sequential literacy. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Efficacy of an Internet-based, individually tailored smoking cessation program: A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Mavrot Céline , Stucki Iris , Sager Fritz , Etter Jean-François
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Self-help computer-based programs are easily accessible and cost-effective interventions with a great recruitment potential. However, each program is different and results of meta-analyses may not apply to each new program; therefore, evaluations of new programs are warranted. The aim of this study was to assess the marginal efficacy of a computer-based, individually tailored program (the Coach) over and above the use of a comprehensive Internet smoking cessation website.

Methods

A two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. The control group only accessed the website, whereas the intervention group received the Coach in addition. Follow-up was conducted by e-mail after three and six months (self-administrated questionnaires). Of 1120 participants, 579 (51.7%) responded after three months and 436 (38.9%) after six months. The primary outcome was self-reported smoking abstinence over four weeks.

Results

Counting dropouts as smokers, there were no statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups in smoking cessation rates after three months (20.2% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.25, odds ratio (OR) = 1.20) and six months (17% vs. 15.5%, p = 0.52, OR = 1.12). Excluding dropouts from the analysis, there were statistically significant differences after three months (42% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.01, OR = 1.57), but not after six months (46.1% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.081, OR = 1.41). The program also significantly increased motivation to quit after three months and self-efficacy after three and six months.

Discussion

An individually tailored program delivered via the Internet and by e-mail in addition to a smoking cessation website did not significantly increase smoking cessation rates, but it increased motivation to quit and self-efficacy.
‘If you are a foreigner in a foreign country, you stick together’: Technologically mediated communication and acculturation of migrant students
Authors: Lim Sun Sun , Pham Becky
Published: July 2016

As migrant students cope with relocation challenges, communication with left-behind family and friends can enhance their well-being, while interactions with co-national and local students can facilitate their acculturation to the host country. This article studies Indonesian and Vietnamese university students in Singapore to understand the role that technologically mediated communication plays in facilitating migrant students’ adaptation and acculturation. Through a media deprivation exercise, it finds that communication with left-behind family and friends offers support but can monopolise the students’ free time and impede their interaction with locals. Social media communication also exacerbates the development of cultural silos that comprise only co-nationals. On the positive side, migrant students used the online realm as an acculturative space to better understand the host country’s attitudes towards foreigners, thereby better equipping them for interactions with locals. Migrant students must strike a balance between exploiting mediated communication links to their home identities and exploring host cultures.
The Game Definition Game
Authors: Stenros Jaakko
Published: July 2016

In this article, over 60 definitions of games since the 1930s are reviewed in order to pinpoint what those definitions agree on and, more importantly, what they disagree on. This article is conceived of as a tool game scholars can use to better position themselves in regard to the concept of “game” by working out their answers to the 10 questions regarding game definition presented in here.
Use of administrative data to increase the practicality of clinical trials: Insights from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Anderson Garnet L , Burns Carolyn J , Larsen Joseph , Shaw Pamela A
Published: July 2016

Background:

To reduce research costs in the context of pragmatic trials, consideration is given to using administrative data (Medicare claims) to ascertain clinical outcomes.

Methods:

In the historical context of the Women’s Health Initiative, the correspondence between selected cardiovascular events derived from Medicare claims was compared to those documented and adjudicated in this large-scale prevention trial.

Results:

Classification performance varies somewhat by type of outcome, but hazard ratios and confidence intervals derived from the two data sources were quite comparable.

Conclusion:

These encouraging results provided the needed support to launch a new embedded pragmatic trial of physical activity that will rely heavily on Medicare claims to ascertain cardiovascular disease incidence in the majority of those randomized.
A framework for analysis of research risks and benefits to participants in standard of care pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Chen Stephanie C , Kim Scott YH
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims:

Standard of care pragmatic clinical trials that compare treatments already in use could improve care and reduce costs, but there is considerable debate about the research risks of standard of care pragmatic clinical trials and how to apply informed consent regulations to such trials. We sought to develop a framework integrating the insights from opposing sides of the debate.

Methods:

We developed a formal risk–benefit analysis framework for standard of care pragmatic clinical trials and then applied it to key provisions of the US federal regulations.

Results:

Our formal framework for standard of care pragmatic clinical trial risk–benefit analysis takes into account three key considerations: the ex ante estimates of risks and benefits of the treatments to be compared in a standard of care pragmatic clinical trial, the allocation ratios of treatments inside and outside such a trial, and the significance of some participants receiving a different treatment inside a trial than outside the trial. The framework provides practical guidance on how the research ethics regulations on informed consent should be applied to standard of care pragmatic clinical trials.

Conclusion:

Our proposed formal model makes explicit the relationship between the concepts used by opposing sides of the debate about the research risks of standard of care pragmatic clinical trials and can be used to clarify the implications for informed consent.
An ecological systems approach to family narratives
Authors: Fivush Robyn , Merrill Natalie
Published: July 2016

We propose an ecological systems approach to family narratives that describes three dynamically interacting systems of family narratives: shared family narratives, communicative family narratives, and family history. We review developmental research on family storytelling within each of these levels and describe how they interact to create individual narrative identity, focusing on adolescence.
Contraception for older women
Authors: Carslaw Helen , Cosh Ayla
Published: July 2016

Ensuring that a woman has effective contraception that suits her preferences and comorbidities is important regardless of her age. Although a woman’s fertility decreases with age, particularly after 35, GPs need to provide contraceptive advice until the menopause, in order to prevent an unplanned pregnancy. This is particularly important due to the increased risks associated with pregnancy in older women, and the higher risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. This article will focus on the age-related issues specific to particular contraceptive methods, as well as how to determine the menopause and when contraception can safely be stopped.
A comprehensive capacity assessment tool for non-communicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries: development and results of pilot testing
Authors: Garcia de Quevedo Isabel , Lobelo Felipe , Cadena Loren , Soares Madalena , Pratt Michael
Published: July 2016

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, with higher rates of premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This places a high economic burden on these countries, which usually have limited capacity to address this public health problem. We developed a guided self-assessment tool for describing national capacity for NCD prevention and control. The purpose of this tool was to assist countries in identifying key opportunities and gaps in NCD capacity. It was piloted in three countries between 2012 and 2013: Mozambique, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. The tool includes details about NCD burden; health system infrastructure and primary care services; workforce capacity; surveillance; planning, policy, and program management; and partnerships. In the three pilot countries, the tool helped to identify differences in capacity needs pertaining to staff, training, and surveillance, but similarities were also found related to NCD challenges and opportunities. The NCD tool increased our understanding of needs and critical capacity elements for addressing NCDs in the three pilot countries. This tool can be used by other LMICs to map their efforts toward addressing NCD goals and defining priorities.
Increasing Children’s Voluntary Physical Activity Outside of School Hours Through Targeting Social Cognitive Theory Variables
Authors: Annesi James J. , Walsh Stephanie M. , Greenwood Brittney L.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Volume of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity completed during the elementary school day is insufficient, and associated with health risks. Improvements in theory-based psychosocial factors might facilitate increased out-of-school physical activity. Methods: A behaviorally based after-school care protocol, Youth Fit 4 Life, was tested for its association with increased voluntary, out-of-school physical activity and improvements in its theory-based psychosocial predictors in 9- to 12-year-olds. Results: Increases over 12 weeks in out-of-school physical activity, and improvements in self-regulation for physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and mood, were significantly greater in the Youth Fit 4 Life group (n = 88) when contrasted with a typical care control group (n = 57). Changes in the 3 psychosocial variables significantly mediated the group–physical activity change relationship ( R2 = .31, P < .001). Change in self-regulation was a significant independent mediator, and had a reciprocal relationship with change in out-of-school physical activity. In the Youth Fit 4 Life group, occurrence of 300 min/wk of overall physical activity increased from 41% to 71%. Conclusions: Targeting theory-based psychosocial changes within a structured after-school care physical activity program was associated with increases in children’s overall time being physically active. After replication, large scale application will be warranted.
Navigating the Waters of Accreditation
Authors: Hasbun Tracey Covington , Rudolph Amanda
Published: July 2016

In higher education, as many as 50% of educator preparation programs (EPPs) look to a national accreditation agency as one way to provide evidence of the rigor and quality of their programs. Although a large number of EPPs find value in the self-study and external review that come with the national accreditation process, the process itself can be daunting and time-consuming. Many look to the literature or to the accreditation experiences provided by other institutions as a means to assist their own accreditation journey. The purpose of this article is to discuss one regional, comprehensive EPP’s experiences with national accreditation, having recently undergone a site visit from the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. In this article, best practices from the literature will be addressed as will the challenges faced and lessons learned by the EPP.
Development of Executive Functions
Authors: Serpell Zewelanji N. , Esposito Alena G.
Published: July 2016

Executive functions refer to top–down processes utilized in goal-directed behavior. Executive functions and academic achievement relate robustly, from early childhood through adolescence. Executive functions and their neural networks appear to be malleable, and environments can support their development. Varied approaches, including educational curricula, structured physical exercise, and computer-based training, can improve executive functions. The intervention work suggests that children who are most “at-risk” demonstrate the largest gains, but evidence of far transfer to academic achievement or other behavioral outcomes that are important to schools is at this point only promising. The review highlights developmental considerations for measurement and intervention, and discusses implications for schools in supporting children’s development of executive functions. Policy implications of the scientific findings suggest strategies for providing environments that foster the development of executive functions.
Germ line variants predispose to both JAK2 V617F clonal hematopoiesis and myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Hinds David A. , Barnholt Kimberly E. , Mesa Ruben A. , Kiefer Amy K. , Do Chuong B. , Eriksson Nicholas , Mountain Joanna L. , Francke Uta , Tung Joyce Y. , Nguyen Huong (Marie) , Zhang Haiyu , Gojenola Linda , Zehnder James L. , Gotlib Jason
Published: July 2016

Key Points

Germ line variants in TERT, SH2B3, TET2, ATM, CHEK2, PINT, and GFI1B are associated with JAK2 V617F clonal hematopoiesis and MPNs. Age-related JAK2 V617F clonal hematopoiesis is found in ∼2 out of 1000 individuals in the general population.
President's Page
Authors: Lawyer Lee
Published: July 2016

“Looking back” is sometimes a little embarrassing. I recently decided to clean up some of the folders I use to stash e-mails that I want to put into cold storage rather than delete. I don't have a “hot” folder, which supposedly demands immediate action. I usually leave the “hot” items in the current list of e-mails. That way, they keep annoying me every time I check my messages. In my “Council” folder, I noticed some 2011 messages. The quote below is from one of those notes I wrote to Ralph Bridle.
Introduction to this special section: Advances in seismic sensors
Authors: Mateeva Albena , Eick Peter , Hollis Dan
Published: July 2016

Seismic detectors have been around for centuries and seismic prospecting for many decades. The variety of seismic sensors in modern surveys is dazzling; they can measure particle velocity and acceleration, pressure and pressure gradient, strain and strain rate, and multiple components (Z, H1, H2, yaw, pitch, roll), from near DC to hundreds or thousands of hertz, in land, marine, borehole, and extraterrestrial environments.
Quantitative quality of distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data
Authors: Willis Mark E. , Barfoot David , Ellmauthaler Andreas , Wu Xiang , Barrios Oscar , Erdemir Cemal , Shaw Simon , Quinn Dan
Published: July 2016

Great advances have been made in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) vertical seismic profile (VSP) data acquisition hardware and software. Here, we capture a quantitative assessment of the quality of DAS data at a single point in time. We apply comprehensive testing methods to determine the reliability of the data and its suitability as a supplement to geophone data or to gain access to wells where it would be difficult to deploy geophones. The test measurements are made on DAS and geophone data, which were collected at the same time and in the same well. We analyze the first breaks for waveform consistency, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and slowness. Then, we examine the corridor stacks for waveform consistency and S/N ratio. Finally, we test the properties of the measurement, including linearity, repeatability, reliability, and response, as a function of the angle of incidence of a seismic wave to the fiber. The results show that the DAS VSP data provide accurate formation slowness logs and reliable amplitude information suitable for creating seismic images and corridor stacks.
Data-driven depth calibration for distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Madsen Karen Nørgaard , Tøndel Richard , Kvam Øyvind
Published: July 2016

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) can make use of an ordinary telecom fiber as a continuous array of acoustic sensors to acquire, for example, downhole seismic. One challenge when using DAS is assigning correct depth to a given part of the DAS data record. Usually, depth is assigned by linear interpolation between reference points in the record for which the depth is known. We present a case where this approach did not work satisfactorily due to a fiber accumulation of unknown length between the reference points in the top and bottom of the well. The data we discuss were acquired using Silixa's iDAS technology retrofitted to previously installed fiber-optic cables. During installation, the cables were clamped to the tubing at each coupling between tubing sections. We found a pattern in the iDAS data that could be related to the clamping points. The pattern is particularly clear for frequencies in the 100–200 Hz band and may be caused by eigenmode vibrations set up by the clamping points. Based on this observation, a method for data-driven depth calibration was developed by matching the observed pattern to the clamp positions known from the tubing-tally information. An algorithm was designed to do the optimization. With regularly spaced clamps, several solutions are output, and some knowledge of the approximate depth is needed to pick the appropriate one. Our data-driven depth calibration was successfully applied to iDAS data from six wells.
SPG, SEG successfully conclude 2016 International Geophysical Conference in Beijing
Authors: Ma Amelie
Published: July 2016

The SPG/SEG 2016 International Geophysical Conference took place 20–22 April 2016 at the Kuntai Hotel in Beijing, China. Jointly organized by the Society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPG) and SEG, the conference was cochaired by Huimin Hao, chief engineer of BGP, and Xianhuai Zhu, director at large for the SEG Board of Directors. Attracting nearly 550 attendees from 10 countries, including Australia, China, France, Bulgaria, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the United States, the conference provided an excellent open platform for interaction and communication for the delegates, who represented oil and gas companies, exploration and development institutes, universities, manufacturers, mining companies, and national geophysics survey companies and service companies.
Memorial
Authors: Blythe Natalie , Treitel Sven , Robinson Enders A.
Published: July 2016

Former SEG President Kevin M. Barry, 87, died 22 April 2016 in Trophy Club, Texas. Barry, who served as SEG president from 1980–1981, was born 10 October 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio.
The current state of psychiatric and mental healthcare in Argentina
Authors: Stagnaro Juan Carlos
Published: July 2016

This brief article gives key demographic, socio-economic and health information for the Argentine Republic, with special emphasis in the field of psychiatry and mental health. It also informs about the country's mental health legislation and ongoing epidemiological research projects. It points out deficiencies and obstacles encountered in meeting the population's healthcare needs, and suggests developments to improve this situation.