bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Everyday updates: How parents ask about their young children’s lived experiences
Authors: deSouza Darcey K.
Published: January 2021

This research study explores how children respond to solicitations for updates about their (recent) experiences. Instances of parents soliciting updates from their children were collected from over 30 hours of video-recorded co-present family interactions from 20 different American and Canadian families with at least one child between the ages of 3 and 6. Previous research has documented that caregivers of very young children treat them as being able to disclose about events they have experienced (Kidwell, 2011). In building upon the literature on family communication and parent-child interactions as well as the literature on epistemics, this paper explores the concept of “talking about your day” in everyday co-present family interactions, showing three ways in which parents solicit updates from their children: through report solicitations, tracking inquiries, and asking the child to update someone else. Data are in American and Canadian English.
Adapting the role of handheld echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic: A practical guide
Authors: Naderi Hafiz , Robinson Shaun , Swaans Martin J , Bual Nina , Cheung Wing-See , Reid Laura , Shun-Shin Matthew , Asaria Perviz , Pabari Punam , Cole Graham , Kanaganayagam Gajen S , Sutaria Nilesh , Bellamy Michael , Fox Kevin , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Petraco Ricardo , Al-Lamee Rasha , Nijjer Sukhjinder S , Sen Sayan , Ruparelia Neil , Baker Christopher , Mikhail Ghada , Malik Iqbal , Khamis Ramzi , Varnava Amanda , Francis Darrel , Mayet Jamil , Rana Bushra
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered our approach to inpatient echocardiography delivery. There is now a greater focus to address key clinical questions likely to make an immediate impact in management, particularly during the period of widespread infection. Handheld echocardiography (HHE) can be used as a first-line assessment tool, limiting scanning time and exposure to high viral load. This article describes a potential role for HHE during a pandemic. We propose a protocol with a reporting template for a focused core dataset necessary in delivering an acute echocardiography service in the setting of a highly contagious disease, minimising risk to the operator. We cover the scenarios typically encountered in the acute cardiology setting and how an expert trained echocardiography team can identify such pathologies using a limited imaging format and include cardiac presentations encountered in those patients acutely unwell with COVID-19.
COVID-19: A new challenge for ECMO
Authors: Nixon Paul , Butt Warwick
Published: January 2021

COVID results in a variety of pathophysiology that causes cardiorespiratory and the need for ECMO. These include hypoxic respiratory failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, multisystem inflammatory disease, and vascular thrombosis with pulmonary embolism. A variety of cannulation strategies are required and the “hyperinflammation” and consequent coagulation abnormalities mandate new strategies to provide optimal ECMO support.
Does variation in trait schizotypy and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol? A mega-analysis
Authors: Freeman Abigail M , Mokrysz Claire , Hindocha Chandni , Lawn Will , Morgan Celia JA , Freeman Tom P , Saunders Rob , Curran H Valerie
Published: January 2021

Background:

While the acute effects of cannabis are relatively benign for most users, some individuals experience significant adverse effects. This study aimed to identify whether variation in schizotypal personality traits and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Methods:

Individual participant data from four double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, acute crossover studies involving 128 cannabis users were combined for a mega-analysis. Using multilevel linear models and moderation analyses, frequency of cannabis use and schizotypal personality traits were investigated as potential moderators of the subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of acute THC.

Results:

There was evidence of a moderating effect where increased frequency of cannabis use was associated with reduced intensity of subjective (changes in alertness and feeling stoned) and psychosis-like effects following THC when compared with placebo. Moderating effects of cannabis use frequency on acute memory impairment were weak. Trait schizotypy did not moderate the acute psychosis-like effects of THC compared with placebo.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that a pattern of domain-specific tolerance develops to the acute effects of THC. Tolerance to the alertness-reducing effects occurred more readily than tolerance to psychotomimetic effects. Only partial tolerance to feeling stoned was found, and there was weak evidence for tolerance to memory impairment. Trait schizotypy did not moderate THC’s effects on psychotomimetic symptoms.
Cannabidiol prevents priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine in mice
Authors: Calpe-López Claudia , Gasparyan Ani , Navarrete Francisco , Manzanares Jorge , Miñarro Jose , Aguilar Maria A
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cocaine dependence is an important problem without any effective pharmacological treatment. Some preclinical studies have suggested that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of the Cannabis sativa plant, could be useful for the treatment of cocaine use disorders.

Aims:

This work aims to evaluate the ability of CBD to reduce priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by cocaine.

Methods:

Young adult CD-1 male mice were allocated to 10 groups ( n = 12/group), conditioned with cocaine (10 mg/kg) and exposed to extinction of CPP (two sessions per week). When extinction was achieved, each group received the corresponding treatment before the reinstatement test. In experiment 1, six groups were used: vehicle+saline (Veh+Sal), 5 mg/kg cocaine alone (Veh+Coc) or with CBD 30 or 60 mg/kg (CBD30+Coc, CBD60+Coc) and CBD alone (CBD30+Sal, CBD60+Sal). In experiment 2, four groups were used: exploration (Veh+Expl), social defeat (Veh+SD) and social defeat with CBD (CBD30+SD and CBD60+SD). Furthermore, the relative gene expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area was measured.

Results:

All mice acquired cocaine CPP and extinguished it after three or four weeks. Only the groups treated with cocaine priming (Veh+Coc) or exposed to social defeat (Veh+SD) showed reinstatement of CPP. Interestingly, CBD itself did not induce reinstatement and blocked the reinstating effects of cocaine priming and social defeat. Furthermore, cocaine priming increased DAT gene expression in the ventral tegmental area and CBD completely reversed this effect.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that CBD could reduce reinstatement to cocaine seeking after a period of abstinence.
Development of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire among a sample of people who have consumed psilocybin or LSD
Authors: Davis Alan K , Barrett Frederick S , So Sara , Gukasyan Natalie , Swift Thomas C , Griffiths Roland R
Published: January 2021

Background:

Several measures have been developed to examine acute psychedelic effects (e.g. mystical-type and challenging experiences), but no measure assesses acute psychologically insightful experiences that may occur during psychedelic experiences.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey study among psilocybin and LSD users. Respondents ( n=1661; Mage=22.9, standard deviation=8.5; Caucasian/White=83%; non-Hispanic=91%; men=72%; United States resident=66%) completed an Internet-based survey.

Results:

The Psychological Insight Questionnaire consists of 23 items with two subscales: (a) Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and (b) Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights. Construct validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire was supported by strong correlations of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores with the insight subscale of the Session Impacts Scale, and weak-to-moderate correlations with the Mystical Experiences and Challenging Experiences Questionnaires. Furthermore, Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores were moderately-to-strongly correlated with retrospectively reported increases in psychological flexibility, and well-being/life satisfaction that were attributed to a memorable psychedelic experience. Lastly, incremental validity was established showing that the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights subscale) scores predict unique variance in changes in psychological flexibility, and Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores predict changes in well-being and life satisfaction, beyond measures of acute mystical-type and challenging effects.

Conclusions:

The Psychological Insight Questionnaire has the potential to extend the understanding of the acute and enduring effects of psychedelics. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the long-term predictive validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire and to examine the role of psychological insight in predicting therapeutic outcomes.
Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: Impact on marketing capability and firm performance
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Lambkin Mary , Shams SM Riad
Published: January 2021

Emerging country firms have been increasingly engaging in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and these acquirers predominantly acquire firms from developed countries. The motivation for such acquisitions is to achieve market access but also to benefit from transfers of cross-border managerial skills and knowledge. The performance of such acquisitions has started to receive some research attention, particularly financial performance, but the transfers to other areas such as marketing have not yet been explored. This article addresses this gap by studying the experience of 34 acquirers from emerging countries which acquired firms in developed countries. This study uses two-stage window data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression to investigate the impact of these acquisitions on the marketing capability and overall firm performance of the acquiring firms. The results show that the marketing capability of the acquiring firms did improve in the post-merger years and this improvement can be partly attributed to the acquisition. The findings also show that the overall performance of the acquiring firms improved following acquisition, but this is a continuation of superior performance from the pre-merger years rather than a synergistic gain from the acquisitions.
When “trust” becomes more or less salient for alliance performance? Contextual effects of mutual influence, international scope, and coopetition
Authors: Muthusamy Senthil Kumar , Dass Parshotam
Published: January 2021

Extant research on strategic alliances has established that contractual controls do not provide a complete safeguard to avert an alliance failure, and that alliance governance needs to be reinforced with relational norms such as trust. However, there is scant research evidence available on whether interfirm trust can be significant under the trying contexts the alliances typically face like rivalry, power conflicts, and cultural or institutional barriers. Employing a relational exchange perspective, we examined whether the espoused positive effect of interfirm trust on alliance performance is moderated by mutual influence and coopetition between partners, and the international dimension of an alliance. Based on the survey and archival data on 223 strategic alliances, we found that interfirm trust was quite significant to alliance performance and that the link between trust and performance was more salient in alliances with high mutual influence and coopetition, whereas it was less salient and weaker in international alliances.
A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Dutch Cell Dogs in Incarcerated Youth
Authors: Duindam Hanne M. , Creemers Hanneke E. , Hoeve Machteld , Asscher Jessica J.
Published: January 2021

This study examined the effectiveness of Dutch Cell Dogs (DCD), a prison-based dog training program that aims to improve socioemotional functioning of incarcerated youth by giving them the opportunity to train a shelter dog. Primary (aggression and institutional infractions) and secondary (wellbeing and therapeutic functioning) outcomes were assessed for the intervention ( n = 61) and comparison group ( n = 77) before the start of DCD, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks at posttest. Overall, DCD participation was not effective. Compared to the comparison group, institutional infractions decreased in DCD participants with an immigrant background and increased in DCD participants with a native Dutch background. In addition, DCD participation reduced the quality of the therapeutic alliance for younger participants and those in secure residential facilities. The current study demonstrated heterogeneity in DTP responsiveness. Future research with robust designs and sufficiently large samples is needed to further identify who benefits from DTPs.
Applying the risk principle to optimize accuracy and equity in correctional risk assessment: Results From a Simulation
Authors: Duwe Grant
Published: January 2021

As the use of risk assessments for correctional populations has grown, so has concern that these instruments exacerbate existing racial and ethnic disparities. While much of the attention arising from this concern has focused on how algorithms are designed, relatively little consideration has been given to how risk assessments are used. To this end, the present study tests whether application of the risk principle would help preserve predictive accuracy while, at the same time, mitigate disparities. Using a sample of 9,529 inmates released from Minnesota prisons who had been assessed multiple times during their confinement on a fully-automated risk assessment, this study relies on both actual and simulated data to examine the impact of program assignment decisions on changes in risk level from intake to release. The findings showed that while the risk principle was used in practice to some extent, the simulated results showed that greater adherence to the risk principle would increase reductions in risk levels and minimize the disparities observed at intake. The simulated data further revealed the most favorable outcomes would be achieved by not only applying the risk principle, but also by expanding program capacity for the higher-risk inmates in order to adequately reduce their risk.
Management of thunderclap headache in the emergency room: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: García-Azorín David , González-García Nuria , Abelaira-Freire Jaime , Marcos-Dolado Alberto , Guerrero Ángel Luis , Martín-Sanchez Francisco Javier , Porta-Etessam Jesús
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The evaluation of red flags is crucial for the accurate the diagnosis of headache disorders, especially for thunderclap headache. We analysed if secondary headache disorders were adequately ruled out in patients that presented to the emergency room with thunderclap headache.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we screened all patients that visited the emergency room for headache, including those that described thunderclap headache. We measured the frequency with which secondary causes were not adequately ruled out. We analysed the order of the exams, the final diagnosis, and the time elapsed between arrival, initial request for imaging, and the completion of the imaging.

Results

We screened 2132 patients, and 42 (1.9%) fulfilled eligibility criteria. Mean age was 43.1 ± 17.1 years, and 57% of patients were female. For 22 (52.4%) patients, the work-up was incomplete. Vascular study was missing in 16 (38.1%) patients, cerebrospinal fluid evaluation in nine (21.4%), and magnetic resonance imaging in seven (16.7%), with multiple assessments missing in six (14.3%). There were ten different combinations in which the exams were performed, with the most frequent being the second exam’s cerebral spinal fluid evaluation in 18 (52.9%) and the computed tomography angiogram in 10 (29.4%). A secondary cause of thunderclap headache was found in 16 (38.1%) patients, and four (9.5%) had a primary headache diagnosis after an adequate and complete study.

Conclusions

Thunderclap onset was described in one of every 50 patients that visited the emergency room for headache. More than half of these patients were not adequately managed. More than a third of thunderclap headache patients had a secondary cause.
Evaluation Methodology of Leader-Follower Autonomous Vehicle System for Work Zone Maintenance
Authors: Tang Qing , Cheng Yanqiu , Hu Xianbiao , Chen Chenxi , Song Yang , Qin Ruwen
Published: January 2021

Mobile and slow-moving operations, such as striping, sweeping, bridge flushing, and pothole patching, are critical for efficient and safe operation of a highway transportation system. However, reducing hazards for roadway workers and achieving a safer environment for both roadway maintenance operators and the public is a challenging problem. In 2017 alone, a total of 158,000 vehicle crashes occurred in work zones in the U.S.A., accounting for 61,000 injuries. The autonomous truck-mounted attenuator (ATMA) vehicle, sometimes referred to as an autonomous impact protection vehicle (AIPV), offers a promising solution to eliminate injuries to roadway maintenance workers and the public. This paper presents the evaluation methodology for the ATMA system, as well as the outcomes of field testing in Sedalia, Missouri. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first academic research to focus on ATMA. The ATMA system is first reviewed, followed by an introduction to the field testing procedures that includes descriptions of test cases and data collected, and their format. An analysis methodology is then proposed to quantitatively evaluate the system’s performance, and statistical models and hypothesis testing procedures are developed and presented. The numerical analysis results from real-world field testing under a controlled environment are presented, and the ATMA system’s performance is summarized. This paper can serve as a reference for transportation agencies that are interested in deploying similar technologies or for academic researchers to assess characteristics of autonomous vehicles and to apply knowledge gained in transportation modeling and simulation practices.
Long-term Prospective Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Evaluation of Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Fallon Michael , Wood David J. , Janes Gregory C.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has demonstrated encouraging midterm clinical outcomes, although published studies presenting longer-term clinical and radiological outcomes, across varied tibiofemoral and patellofemoral graft locations, are scarce.

Purpose:

To present the clinical and radiological outcomes a minimum of 10 years after surgery in a consecutive series of patients who underwent MACI in the tibiofemoral or patellofemoral knee joint. Secondly, to investigate any association between outcomes and patient characteristics, graft parameters, and injury and surgery history.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Overall, 87 patients (99 grafts: 57 medial femoral condyle, 24 lateral femoral condyle, 11 trochlea, 7 patella) were prospectively evaluated clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery and at 2, 5, and minimum 10 years after MACI (mean, 13.1 years; range, 10.5-16 years). Patients were evaluated with a range of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and patient satisfaction. The 6-minute walk test, active knee range of motion, and peak isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength were assessed. Limb symmetry indices (LSIs) were calculated for strength measures. MRI was undertaken to evaluate the repair tissue, and an MRI composite score was calculated.

Results:

All PROMs significantly improved ( P < .05) over the pre- to postoperative period. Apart from KOOS Sport ( P = .018) and the LSI for peak isokinetic knee extensor strength ( P = .005), which significantly improved, no significant change ( P > .05) was observed from 2 years after surgery to final follow-up (range, 10.5-16 years) in all other PROMs, 6-minute walk distance, active knee range of motion, and the LSI for peak isokinetic knee flexor strength. At final follow-up, while the mean LSIs for peak isokinetic knee flexor and extensor strength were 96.9% and 95.7%, respectively, 74.7% of patients were satisfied with their ability to participate in sports, and 88.5% were satisfied overall. A nonsignificant decline was observed for tissue infill ( P = .211) and the MRI composite score ( P = .099) from 2 years to final review. At final MRI review, 9 grafts (9.1%) had failed. While no significant association ( P > .05) was observed between clinical or MRI-based outcomes and patient demographics (age, body weight, body mass index), defect size, or the duration of preoperative symptoms, the number of previous surgical procedures was significantly and negatively associated with KOOS Symptoms ( P = .015), KOOS Sport ( P = .011), and the degree of tissue infill ( P = .045).

Conclusion:

MACI provided high levels of satisfaction and adequate graft survivorship as visualized on MRI at 10.5 to 16 years after surgery.
Contribution of Multimodal Analgesia to Postoperative Pain Outcomes Immediately After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Level 1 Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Maheshwer Bhargavi , Knapik Derrick M. , Polce Evan M. , Verma Nikhil N. , LaPrade Robert F. , Chahla Jorge
Published: January 2021

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is associated with moderate to severe pain in the immediate postoperative period. The optimal individual preemptive or intraoperative anesthetic modality on postoperative pain control is not well-known.

Purpose:

To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis comparing postoperative pain scores (visual analog scale [VAS]), opioid consumption, and incidence of complications during the first 24 hours after primary ACLR in patients receiving spinal anesthetic, adjunct regional nerve blocks, or local analgesics.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Biosis Previews, SPORTDiscus, Ovid, PEDRO, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2020 for human studies, using a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) level 1 studies reporting on the use of spinal anesthesia, adjunct regional anesthesia (femoral nerve block [FNB] or adductor canal block [ACB]), or local analgesia in patients undergoing primary ACLR and (2) studies reporting on patient-reported VAS, opioid consumption, and incidence of complications related to anesthesia within the first 24 hours after surgery. Non–level 1 studies, studies utilizing a combination of anesthetic modalities, and those not reporting outcomes during the first 24 hours were excluded. Data were synthesized, and a random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine postoperative pain, opioid use, and complications based on anesthetic modality at multiple time points (0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24 hours).

Results:

A total of 263 studies were screened, of which 27 level 1 studies (n = 16 regional blocks; n = 12 local; n = 4 spinal) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. VAS scores were significantly lower in patients receiving a regional block as compared with spinal anesthesia 8 to 12 hours after surgery ( P < .01), patients receiving an FNB versus ACB at 12 to 24 hours ( P < .01), and those treated with a continuous FNB rather than single-shot regional blocks (FNB, ACB) at 12 to 24 hours ( P < .01). No significant difference in VAS was appreciated when spinal, regional, and local anesthesia groups were compared.

Conclusion:

Based on evidence from level 1 studies, pain control after primary ACLR based on VAS was significantly improved at 8 to 12 hours in patients receiving regional anesthesia as compared with spinal anesthesia. Pain scores were significantly lower at 12 to 24 hours in patients receiving FNB versus ACB and those treated with continuous FNB rather than single-shot regional anesthetic.
Validation of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring using an artificial lung during adult pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Garrison Lawrence , Riley Jeffrey B , Wysocki Steve , Souai Jennifer , Julick Hali
Published: January 2021

Measurements of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) have been used in multiple venues, such as during procedures utilizing jet ventilation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as well as both the adult and neo-natal ICUs. However, tcCO2 measurements have not been validated under conditions which utilize an artificial lung, such cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The purpose of this study was to (1) validate the use of tcCO2 using an artificial lung during CPB and (2) identify a location for the sensor that would optimize estimation of PaCO2 when compared to the gold standard of blood gas analysis.

tcCO2 measurements ( N = 185) were collected every 30 min during 54 pulsatile CPB procedures. The agreement/differences between the tcCO2 and the PaCO2 were compared by three sensor locations. Compared to the earlobe or the forehead, the submandibular PtcCO2 values agreed best with the PaCO2 and with a median difference of –.03 mmHg (IQR = 5.4, p < 0.001). The small median difference and acceptable IQR support the validity of the tcCO2 measurement. The multiple linear regression model for predicting the agreement between the submandibular tcCO2 and PaCO2 included the SvO2, the oxygenator gas to blood flow ratio, and the native perfusion index ( R2 = 0.699, df = 1, 60; F = 19.1, p < 0.001).

Our experience in utilizing tcCO2 during CPB has demonstrated accuracy in estimating PaCO2 when compared to the gold standard arterial blood gas analysis, even during CO2 flooding of the surgical field.
Les pieds au chaud la fenêtre ouverte : quand le dessin autorise la resignification de la stigmatisation du gaspillage énergétique dans une enquête en ligne
Authors: Brugidou Mathieu , Moine Michèle
Published: January 2021

Ce texte présente un dispositif d’enquête quantitatif en ligne conçu pour analyser, non pas des stigmatisations ou des sanctions, mais des énoncés, prenant le parti du déviant et visant à « resignifier » l’accusation. Pour cela il a été proposé aux personnes enquêtées de réagir à un dessin mettant en scène un personnage gaspillant de l’énergie et sanctionné ou stigmatisé par un autre personnage. Il a été demandé aux enquêtés d’imaginer la réponse du déviant à cette stigmatisation. Après avoir discuté la notion de resignification et son couplage théorique avec les notions de sanction et de stigmatisation, nous présentons l’analyse textuelle des réponses à cette question ouverte ainsi mise en scène dans un dessin. Nous cherchons à décrire et à caractériser les formes discursives de la resignification attestées dans notre corpus en montrant en quoi elles s’inscrivent dans la perspective proposée par Judith Butler. Le texte revient enfin sur les apports et les limites du dispositif.
WhatsApp Groups in Social Research: New Opportunities for Fieldwork Communication and Management
Authors: Jailobaev Temirlan , Jailobaeva Kanykey , Baialieva Myrzagul , Baialieva Gulsaadat , Asilbekova Gulnara
Published: January 2021

WhatsApp is a popular platform primarily for informal communication. It has 1.5 billion users worldwide. Though there are increasing numbers of studies looking at the use of WhatsApp in various formal settings, its use in social research remains under-studied. We have used WhatsApp in several research projects. In this article, we analyse our use of WhatsApp within two studies conducted in 2019. We analysed the content of messages and counted the messages sent by each member to our WhatsApp groups. We also analysed the feedback received from our research assistants on the use of WhatsApp groups in research. We show in this article that WhatsApp has created new opportunities for better communication and management of fieldwork to meet a tight schedule and that this improved the overall quality of the project. We offer lessons learned for improving the use of WhatsApp in research processes.
Predicting Failure of Non-Invasive Ventilation With RAM Cannula in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Maamari Mia , Nino Gustavo , Bost James , Cheng Yao , Sochet Anthony , Sharron Matthew
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

In infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) via the RAM cannula nasal interface, variables predicting subsequent intubation, or NIV non-response, are understudied. We sought to identify predictors of NIV non-response.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study in infants admitted for respiratory failure from bronchiolitis placed on NIV in a quaternary children’s hospital. We excluded children with concurrent sepsis, critical congenital heart disease, or with preexisting tracheostomy. The primary outcome was NIV non-response defined as intubation after a trial of NIV. Secondary outcomes were vital sign values before and after NIV initiation, duration of NIV and intubation, and mortality. Primary analyses included Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum, student’s t test, paired analyses, and adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression assessing heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) before and after NIV initiation.

Results:

Of 138 infants studied, 34% were non-responders. There were no differences in baseline characteristics of responders and non-responders. HR decreased after NIV initiation in responders (156 [143-156] to149 [141-158], p < 0.01) compared to non-responders (158 [149-166] to 158 [145-171], p = 0.73). RR decreased in responders (50 [43-58] vs 47 [41-54]) and non-responders (52 [48-58] vs 51 [40-55], both p < 0.01). Concurrent bacterial pneumonia (OR 6.06, 95% CI: 2.54-14.51) and persistently elevated HR (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) were associated with NIV non-response.

Conclusion:

In children with acute bronchiolitis who fail to respond to NIV and require subsequent intubation, we noted associations with persistently elevated HR after NIV initiation and concurrent bacterial pneumonia.
Impact of Diet and Exercise on Weight and Cognition in Older Adults: A Rapid Review
Authors: Batsis John A. , Roderka Meredith N. , Rauch Vanessa K. , Seo Lillian M. , Li Xingyi , DiMilia Peter R. , Gooding Tyler , Gilbert-Diamond Diane , McClure Auden C. , Roth Robert M.
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To determine where the current literature stands in regard to diet/exercise interventions on cognition in overweight or obese individuals.

Data Source:

A rapid review was conducted of English-language studies published in Medline from January 1965 to January 2020.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

Included studies were intervention studies lasting ≥12 weeks, with participants aged ≥65 years, with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2

Data Extraction:

Data extracted included study population, duration, intervention design, outcomes, and results.

Data Synthesis:

Outcomes were qualitatively measured due to paucity of RTC.

Results:

1845 citations were identified, 31 full-text articles were reviewed, and 5 studies were included. Studies had usual care control groups and combined exercise/diet intervention groups with 31-3,526 participants randomized to each arm. Mean age of participants was 69.2-83.4 years. Studies reporting on cognitive changes showed marginally significant positive changes in cognition, and those that reported BMI indicated potential improvements in cognition.

Conclusions:

The number of interventions assessing the combined effects of both diet and exercise is low. Future studies should evaluate the impact of combined effects to ascertain whether cognitive decline may be reversed in older adults with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2.
Colorism as Marriage Capital: Cross-Region Marriage Migration in India and Dark-Skinned Migrant Brides
Authors: Kukreja Reena
Published: January 2021

This article, based on original research from 57 villages in four provinces from North and East India, sheds light on a hitherto unexplored gendered impact of colorism in facilitating noncustomary cross-region marriage migrations in India. Within socioeconomically marginalized groups from India’s development peripheries, the hegemonic construct of fairness as “capital” conjoins with both regressive patriarchal gender norms governing marriage and female sexuality and the monetization of social relations, through dowry, to foreclose local marriage options for darker-hued women. This dispossession of matrimonial choice forces women to “voluntarily” accept marriage proposals from North Indian bachelors, who are themselves faced with a bride shortage in their own regions due to skewed sex ratios. These marriages condemn cross-region brides to new forms of gender subordination and skin-tone discrimination within the intimacy of their marriages, and in everyday relations with conjugal families, kin, and rural communities. Because of colorism, cross-region brides are exposed to caste-discriminatory exclusions and ethnocentric prejudice. Dark-skin shaming is a strategic ideological weapon employed to extract more labor from them. The article extends global scholarly discussion on the role of colorism in articulating new forms of gendered violence in dark-complexioned, poor rural women’s lives.
Case series of acute peritoneal dialysis in the prone position for acute kidney injury during the Covid-19 pandemic: Prone to complications?
Authors: Soomro Qandeel H , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Amerling Richard , Caplin Nina
Published: January 2021

Patients with kidney failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring prone position have not been candidates for peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to concern with increased intra-abdominal pressure, reduction in respiratory system compliance and risks of peritoneal fluid leaks. We describe our experience in delivering acute PD during the surge in Covid-19 acute kidney injury (AKI) in the subset of patients requiring prone positioning. All seven patients included in this report were admitted to the intensive care unit with SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to ARDS, AKI and multisystem organ failure. All required renal replacement therapy, and prone positioning to improve ventilation/perfusion mismatch. All seven were able to continue PD despite prone positioning without any detrimental effects on respiratory mechanics or the need to switch to a different modality. Fluid leakage was noted in 71% of patients, but mild and readily resolved. We were able to successfully implement acute PD in ventilator-dependent prone patients suffering from Covid-19-related AKI. This required a team effort and some modifications in the conventional PD prescription and delivery.
Examining the relationship between patient experience and readmission rates: A profile deviation analysis
Authors: Anderson Sidney
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between patient experience and readmissions by exploring whether the deviation from an ideal patient-experience profile is linked to higher readmissions. Using patient experience scores, hospitals were assigned to one of four groups based on their deviation from an ideal profile. The readmission rates for the four groups were analyzed using Profile Deviation, ANOVA, and Least Significant Difference. Patient experience is a central component of hospital performance, specifically, readmission rates. Findings indicate as patient experience scores decrease, profile deviation increases, with a corresponding increase in readmission rate. This study provides empirical support for administrators focusing on patient experience as part of an overall strategy for reducing hospital readmissions. The key feature of this research is the use of a profile deviation methodology to examine the relationship between patient experience and readmission rates.
Stability of continuous welded rails: A state-of-the-art review of structural modeling and nondestructive evaluation
Authors: Enshaeian Alireza , Rizzo Piervincenzo
Published: January 2021

Continuous welded rails (CWR) are track segments welded together to form a continuous miles-long track. With respect to mechanically-jointed rails, CWR are stronger, smoother, require less maintenance, and can be traveled at higher speeds. Despite these advantages, CWR are prone to fracture during cold seasons and to instability during warm seasons when the increase in the steel temperature induces extreme compression. To better understand buckling mechanism, engineers studied the structural behavior of rails under static and dynamic loads. Some of these models represent the basis of noninvasive methods to measure longitudinal stress. Both structural analyses and nondestructive evaluation methods are tools to predict the temperatures and the field conditions at which rails experience extreme tensile or compressive stress.

This article reviews the last three decades of research and development on the structural analysis and nondestructive evaluation of CWR. The scope of this document is to provide a holistic view of the developments in rail engineering and nondestructive evaluation relevant to the problem of thermal buckling. Advantages and limitations of the analyses and of the nondestructive methods are discussed based upon the information available in the scientific literature. Additionally, any knowledge gap to be addressed by the scientific community in the years to come is identified and discussed.
Classic Text No. 126: ‘Some main features in the history of the paranoid illness forms’, by Aa. Thune Jacobsen (1921)
Authors: Schioldann Johan , Berrios German E , Schioldann Johan
Published: January 2021

Since its construction in Classical times, the meaning of ‘paranoia’ has changed at least three times. Important gaps still interrupt its long chronology, and more studies of specific clinical and cultural usages are needed before its total history is put together.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis after therapeutic plasma exchange in pediatric lupus patients and associated risk factors analysis
Authors: Lu Jing , Dong Liqun , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Hui , Wang Lin , Zhang Junqing , Wan Chaomin
Published: January 2021

Background

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an effective means of treating systemic lupus erythematosus in children and is safe for most pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but severe complications such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) may occur, which is a life-threatening condition.

Methods

In this study, three systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) children developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after TPE. We analyzed their medical history, clinical manifestations, SLEDAI scores, and immunological characteristics, compared to 117 cases of SLE patients without TEN after TPE, trying to find the possible risk factors.

Results

The three children with TEN after plasma exchange appeared to have a higher proportion of male (male: female = 2:1), fever (100% Vs 32.5%), erythema on the cheek (100% Vs 54.7%), itching rash (100% Vs 54.7%), ruptured rash (100% Vs 54.7%), oral ulcer (100% Vs 54.7%) and higher LDH level (1826.0 ± 1113.1 Vs 721.1 ± 799.5 U/L), but lower white blood cell count (5.5 ± 3.3 Vs 7.2 ± 4.2 × 109/L), neutrophil count (4.7 ± 3.7 Vs 5.2 ± 3.6 × 109/L), lymphocyte count (0.6 ± 0.5 Vs 1.5 ± 0.8 × 109/L), platelet count (133.7 ± 58.1 Vs 178.5 ± 103.1 × 109/L) and C-reactive protein (all normal Vs 47.9% elevated). Autoantibody spectrum revealed that positive anti-SSA seemed more common (100% Vs 42.7%) in the three children. Relative risk analysis revealed that male (OR 21.4, 95%CI 1.78–257.186), ruptured skin rash (OR 56.5, 95%CI 4.199–760.196) and rash with itching (OR 24, 95%CI 1.98–290.896) are the risk factors of SLE patients developing TEN after plasma exchange.

Conclusions

We should pay particular attention to TEN after plasma exchange in SLE patients (3/120, 2.5%). This condition may be related to male, ruptured skin rash and rash with itching. For SLE patients with risk factors. We should arrange plasmapheresis more carefully.
“Protenuria in SLE: Is it always lupus?”
Authors: Celia Alessandra Ida , Priori Roberta , Cerbelli Bruna , Diomedi-Camassei Francesca , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Scrivo Rossana , Alessandri Cristiano , d’Amati Giulia , Conti Fabrizio
Published: January 2021

Proteinuria is one of the most typical manifestations of kidney involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with a 6-year-long history of SLE presenting with proteinuria after a three-year remission on hydroxychloroquine. Kidney histological examination showed alterations inconsistent with lupus nephritis and suggestive of hydroxychloroquine toxicity or Fabry disease. The latter was confirmed by genetic assay.
A novel therapeutic approach using the Zipper method to treat chorea in a pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patient
Authors: Baglan Esra , Ozdel Semanur , Uysal Yazıcı Mutlu , Azapağası Ebru , Çelik Halil , Yüksel Deniz , Uçan Berna , Karakaya Deniz , Bulbul Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is among the prototypic systemic autoimmune diseases seen in children. Although the neuropsychiatric involvement rate varies during the course of the disease, it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The clinical picture of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is highly variable, and neurological features can precede systemic findings, leading to some diagnostic difficulties. NPSLE requires early and aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Some patients can be resistant to immunosuppressive therapy. Chorea is a rare manifestation that occurs in 1.2%–2% of SLE patients and can result from an immunologically mediated mechanism, antiphospholipid autoantibodies or ischemia. Herein we present the first case of pediatric-onset SLE diagnosed with central nervous system involvement and treated with Zipper method. The Zipper method is a new immunomodulation treatment. The clinical findings of the patient, which were resistant to corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, resolved by this novel treatment.
How do systemic lupus erythematosus patients with very-long disease duration present? Analysis of a monocentric cohort
Authors: Signorini Viola , Tani Chiara , Elefante Elena , Carli Linda , Stagnaro Chiara , Zucchi Dina , Parma Alice , Vagelli Roberta , Ferro Francesco , Mosca Marta
Published: January 2021

Objective

to describe the disease path and the very long-term outcome in a monocentric cohort of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

SLE patients with a disease duration of at least 15 years from diagnosis were enrolled. The number of hospitalizations, the disease flares occurred over the disease course and the organ damage accumulation were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 years from diagnosis and at last observation in 2019 as well. Disease state, ongoing therapies and quality of life measures were also assessed at last visit.

Results

126 Caucasian SLE patients were included in the analysis (95% female, median age 47.5 IQR 41–53, median disease duration 21 IQR19-26). At last visit, the majority of the patients (78.6%) was on LLDAS (remission included), 53.4% were on GC treatment and 35.7% on immunosuppressant. Furthermore, 53.2% had at least one organ damage. The majority of patients (66.7%) presented a relapsing-remitting course, for a total of 158 flares during the disease course (incidence rate: 0.79/patient-year); moreover, 84.9% of the cohort experienced at least one hospital admission, amounting to a total of 328 hospitalizations (incidence rate: 0.85/patient-year). The main reason for admission was disease activity, while the percentage of hospitalizations due to other causes has been growing over the 10 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

after a very long period of disease, most of the patients with SLE are in remission and are not taking GC therapy; however, the risk of incurring in disease flare remains a real problem.
Online control of the familywise error rate
Authors: Tian Jinjin , Ramdas Aaditya
Published: January 2021

Biological research often involves testing a growing number of null hypotheses as new data are accumulated over time. We study the problem of online control of the familywise error rate, that is testing an a priori unbounded sequence of hypotheses ( p-values) one by one over time without knowing the future, such that with high probability there are no false discoveries in the entire sequence. This paper unifies algorithmic concepts developed for offline (single batch) familywise error rate control and online false discovery rate control to develop novel online familywise error rate control methods. Though many offline familywise error rate methods (e.g., Bonferroni, fallback procedures and Sidak’s method) can trivially be extended to the online setting, our main contribution is the design of new, powerful, adaptive online algorithms that control the familywise error rate when the p-values are independent or locally dependent in time. Our numerical experiments demonstrate substantial gains in power, that are also formally proved in an idealized Gaussian sequence model. A promising application to the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium is described.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Autophagy-Mediated Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cartilage Repair
Authors: Xia Peng , Wang Xinwei , Wang Qi , Wang Xiaoju , Lin Qiang , Cheng Kai , Li Xueping
Published: January 2021

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration is promoted by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), but its mechanism is unclear. Since autophagy is known to regulate cell migration, our study aimed to investigate if LIPUS promotes the migration of MSCs via autophagy regulation. We also aimed to investigate the effects of intra-articular injection of MSCs following LIPUS stimulation on osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. For the in vitro study, rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were treated with an autophagy inhibitor or agonist, and then they were stimulated by LIPUS. Migration of MSCs was detected by transwell migration assays, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) protein levels were quantified. For the in vivo study, a rat knee OA model was generated and treated with LIPUS after an intra-articular injection of MSCs with autophagy inhibitor added. The cartilage repair was assessed by histopathological analysis and extracellular matrix protein expression. The in vitro results suggest that LIPUS increased the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4, and it promoted MSC migration. These effects were inhibited and enhanced by autophagy inhibitor and agonist, respectively. The in vivo results demonstrate that LIPUS significantly enhanced the cartilage repair effects of MSCs on OA, but these effects were blocked by autophagy inhibitor. Our results suggest that the migration of MSCs was enhanced by LIPUS through the activation autophagy, and LIPUS improved the protective effect of MSCs on OA cartilage via autophagy regulation.