bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edoardo Bizzarri e Novellieri inglesi e americani
Authors: Brusasco Paola
Published: November 2023

Edited by Edoardo Bizzarri and Maria Martone, Novellieri inglesi e americani was published in 1944 by Salvatore De Carlo. The volume’s acknowledgment and impact seem to have been rather limited, probably due to the turmoil of the post-war years and to the publication of other collections which might have overshadowed it. This contribution focuses on the English section, where Bizzarri gathered short stories from the 18th century to his present day on the basis of their adherence to his sense of “Englishness” and their literary value, including however also authors unknown to the Italian public or simply popular in Britain in order to provide a comprehensive documentary picture. Novellieri inglesi e americani is analyzed in comparison to other collections (Praz 1942; Cecchi 1947), highlighting the differences at the level of criteria and intended readerships.
Procurando razões
Authors: Silva Filho Waldomiro J.
Published: November 2023

Procurando Razões é um livro surpreendente. Partindo de um conjunto de temas clássicos da filosofia, como conhecimento, racionalidade, ceticismo e virtudes intelectuais, Waldomiro Silva Filho desenvolve um texto único no estilo e na abordagem ao narrar o percurso de uma investigação sobre a noção de reflexão. Escrito na forma ensaística, este livro cruza a própria experiência pessoal do autor com referências filosóficas e literárias. Em vez de avançar, como normalmente acontece com livros de filosofia, para uma conclusão ou na defesa de uma teoria, o texto mostra como uma interrogação inicial sobre qual o bem que podemos conquistar com a reflexão foi se transformando numa dúvida sobre por que algumas vezes a reflexão é importante e porque razões importam.
Reprogramming of cardiac phosphoproteome, proteome and transcriptome confers resilience to chronic adenylyl cyclase-driven stress
Authors: Qu Jia-Hua , Chakir Khalid , Tarasov Kirill V. , Riordon Daniel R. , Perino Maria Grazia , Silvester Allwin Jennifa , Lakatta Edward G.
Published: November 2023

Our prior study discovered that numerous adaptive mechanisms emerge in response to cardiac-specific overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 8 (TGAC8) which included overexpression of a large number of proteins. Here we conducted an unbiased phosphoproteomics analysis in order to determine the role of altered protein phosphorylation in the adaptive heart performance and protection profile of adult TGAC8 left ventricle (LV) at 3-4 months of age, and integrated the phosphoproteome with transcriptome and proteome. Based on differentially regulated phosphoproteins by genotype, numerous stress-response pathways within reprogrammed TGAC8 LV, including PKA, PI3K and AMPK signaling pathways, predicted upstream regulators (e.g., PDPK1, PAK1 and PTK2B, and downstream functions (e.g., cell viability, protein quality control), and metabolism were enriched. In addition to PKA, numerous other kinases and phosphatases were hyper-phosphorylated in TGAC8 vs. WT. Hyper-phosphorylated transcriptional factors in TGAC8 were associated with increased mRNA transcription, immune responses and metabolic pathways. Combination of the phosphoproteome with its proteome and with the previously published TGAC8 transcriptome enabled the elucidation of cardiac performance and adaptive protection profiles coordinately regulated at post-translational modification (PTM) (phosphorylation), translational and transcriptional levels. Many stress-response signaling pathways, i.e., PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK and ubiquitin labeling, were consistently enriched and activated in the TGAC8 LV at transcriptional, translational and PTM levels. Thus, reprogramming of the cardiac phosphoproteome, proteome and transcriptome confers resilience to chronic adenylyl cyclase-driven stress.
A neurocomputational account of the link between social perception and social action
Authors: Bas Lisa M. , Roberts Ian D. , Hutcherson Cendri A. , Tusche Anita
Published: November 2023

People selectively help others based on perceptions of their merit or need. Here, we develop a neurocomputational account of how these social perceptions translate into social choice. Using a novel fMRI social perception task, we show that both merit and need perceptions recruited the brain’s social inference network. A behavioral computational model identified two non-exclusive mechanisms underlying variance in social perceptions: a consistent tendency to perceive others as meritorious/needy (bias) and a propensity to sample and integrate normative evidence distinguishing high from low merit/need in other people (sensitivity). Variance in people’s merit (but not need) bias and sensitivity independently predicted distinct aspects of altruism in a social choice task completed months later. An individual’s merit
bias
predicted
context-independent
variance in people’s overall other-regard during altruistic choice, biasing people towards prosocial actions. An individual’s merit
sensitivity
predicted
context-sensitive
discrimination in generosity towards high and low merit recipients by influencing other-regard and self-regard during altruistic decision-making. This context-sensitive perception-action link was associated with activation in the right temporoparietal junction. Together, these findings point towards stable, biologically based individual differences in perceptual processes related to abstract social concepts like merit, and suggest that these differences may have important behavioral implications for an individual’s tendency toward favoritism or discrimination in social settings.
Association between genetically predicted circulating immune cells on periodontitis highlights the prospect of systemic immunomodulation management in periodontal care: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ye Xinjian , Bai Yijing , Li Mengjun , Ye Yuhang , Chen Yitong , Liu Bin , Dai Yuwei , Wang Shan , Pan Weiyi , Wang Zhiyong , Mao Yingying , Chen Qianming
Published: November 2023

Periodontitis drives irreparable destruction of periodontal tissue and possesses a tendency to aggravate inflammatory disorders. Systemic immunomodulation management remains an attractive approach in periodontal care within a context of “predictive, preventive, and personalized” periodontics. Leveraging a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR), the present study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between circulating immune cells and the risk of periodontitis.Genetic proxies for circulating immune cells and periodontitis were obtained from genome-wide association studies. We performed a two-sample bidirectional univariable Mendelian Randomization, followed by sensitivity testing, multivariable MR, subgroup analysis, and Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to explore the causal association between them. The transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and colocalization analysis were further conducted to identify responsible genes as immunomodulation candidates for periodontal care.MR study indicated that circulating neutrophils, Natural Killer T cells, and plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells were relative to a higher risk of periodontitis, with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. The MR-BMA identified neutrophils as the primary factor responsible for periodontitis. The TWAS recognized five cross-trait genes to be involved in their interaction. Two high-confidence genes on 1q21.3,
S100A9
and
S100A12
, could represent immunomodulation targets for neutrophils in periodontitis.The present study suggests the causative association between circulating immune cells and the risk of periodontitis. Our findings highlight the prospect of systemic immunomodulation management in periodontal care, which can be valuable for early diagnostics, risk assessment, targeted prevention, and personalized management of periodontitis. More research is required to comprehend the biological plausibility and clinical applicability of our findings.This work was supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81991500 & 81991502), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 226-2023-00121 & 226-2022-00213), Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund (No. 188170 & 194452307/004) and the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LHDMD23H300001)
AMSF: attention-based multi-view slice fusion for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhang Yameng , Peng Shaokang , Xue Zhihua , Zhao Guohua , Li Qing , Zhu Zhiyuan , Gao Yufei , Kong Lingfei ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence in the elderly population over 65 years of age. Intervention in the early stages of AD is of great significance to alleviate the symptoms. Recent advances in deep learning have shown extreme advantages in computer-aided diagnosis of AD. However, most studies only focus on extracting features from slices in specific directions or whole brain images, ignoring the complementarity between features from different angles. To overcome the above problem, attention-based multi-view slice fusion (AMSF) is proposed for accurate early diagnosis of AD. It adopts the fusion of three-dimensional (3D) global features with multi-view 2D slice features by using an attention mechanism to guide the fusion of slice features for each view, to generate a comprehensive representation of the MRI images for classification. The experiments on the public dataset demonstrate that AMSF achieves 94.3% accuracy with 1.6–7.1% higher than other previous promising methods. It indicates that the better solution for AD early diagnosis depends not only on the large scale of the dataset but also on the organic combination of feature construction strategy and deep neural networks.
Evaluación de impacto Programa Yo Elijo Mi PC
Authors:   , Bravo Flores Catalina
Published: November 2023

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación -TIC- son cada vez más relevantes para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de los países. Es por esto por lo que los países a lo largo del mundo han decidido invertir e incorporar estas tecnologías en el proceso de aprendizaje de los niños y niñas. Pese a esta marcada tendencia, no existe una literatura concluyente sobre su impacto en el proceso educativo y desarrollo de los estudiantes. En este contexto, este trabajo busca aportar a esta literatura realizando una evaluación cuasi-experimental del impacto del programa Yo Elijo Mi PC que entrega computadores individuales -para uso en el hogar- e internet a estudiantes que cursen 7º básico en establecimientos particulares subvencionados y que cumplan con ciertos criterios de vulnerabilidad y notas. En particular se estima su impacto en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes para dos cohortes distintas (2015 y 2016), hasta cuatro años después de recibido el tratamiento. Los resultados indican que no hay un efecto significativo en ninguna de las variables estudiadas, a saber; Simce lectura y matemática en 8º y II medio y promedio de notas 2016, 2017 y 2018.
Descripción de procesos de orientación vocacional en colegios de la ciudad de Asunción.
Authors:   , Giménez Schupmann María Verónica
Published: November 2023

Actualmente existe una gran oferta de carreras universitarias en distintas universidades y los estudiantes deben tomar una decisión acerca de su futuro profesional y académico al terminar el colegio. Entonces, ¿cuál es la importancia de realizar procesos de orientación vocacional? Pues que estos brindan a los estudiantes de los últimos años de colegio las herramientas necesarias para tomar esa decisión y todo lo que necesitan para desempeñarse adecuadamente en el mundo académico universitario. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los procesos de orientación vocacional llevados a cabo en colegios de la ciudad de Asunción, además de indagar las expectativas que tienen los estudiantes acerca de los mismos. Por otra parte, se indagó acerca de las experiencias que han tenido estudiantes universitarios, mientras estaban en el colegio, en relación a los procesos de orientación vocacional. Los datos fueron recabados a partir de entrevistas realizadas a las orientadoras de los colegios y de encuestas aplicadas a los estudiantes del último año de los mismos colegios. Además, fueron encuestados estudiantes universitarios de segundo y tercer cursos de dos carreras distintas de una universidad de la misa ciudad. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la teoría fundamentada y la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados indican, que a pesar de contar con procesos de orientación vocacional en la mayoría de los colegios, éstos no son realizados de manera completa y los estudiantes sienten una gran necesidad, expresada por ambos grupos, (tanto universitarios como de colegios) de contar con este tipo de procesos, tanto en los colegios como en la universidad. Por su parte, las orientadoras manifestaron estar de acuerdo en la relevancia de estos procesos y que es necesario contar con materiales adecuados a la realidad nacional para obtener una visión más real de las habilidades de los estudiantes y de las carreras que tienen a su disposición.
Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Barbecued Beef and Chicken within Abuja and Environs
Authors: Iwu G. I.  , Lajide L.  , Madu P. C.  , Isah Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2023

Aims: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in heat-treated meat constitute a global risk to human health. This study determined the concentrations of PAHs in commonly consumed barbecued meat (Suya) in Abuja, Nigeria, and evaluated the health dangers related to their intake.

Methodology: Analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while health risks were estimated using models proposed by the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Results: The results showed different levels of 13 PAHs in meat products, with the highest concentration in barbecued beef. The mean concentrations of individual PAHs ranged from not detected (ND) to 0.220 mg/kg. The total PAH concentrations (mg/kg) in various meat samples were 1.358, 1.031, 0.969, 0.687, and 0.733 for barbecued beef, basted barbecued chicken, non-basted barbecued chicken, control beef, and chicken, respectively. Total carcinogenic PAH levels (mg/kg) were 0.357, 0.281, 0.175, 0.119, and 0.259 for barbecued beef, basted barbecued chicken, non-basted barbecued chicken, control beef, and chicken, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and PAH4 concentrations in barbecued samples were well above the maximum levels stipulated by the European Union, suggesting health risks. But they were undetected in non-basted barbecued chicken. The total daily dietary exposure was higher for barbecued beef compared to barbecued chicken and non-basted barbecued chicken. Hazard quotients and indexes were<1 in all barbecued samples. The margin of exposure (MOE) for the indicators of PAHs in barbecued chicken and non-basted barbecued chicken was greater than 10,000, implying low concern for consumer health. However, the MOEs for (B[a]P) and PAH8 in barbecued beef were less than 10,000, implying that dietary exposure may pose a significant health risk and so require risk management actions.

Conclusion: Basting of meat during barbecuing may increase PAH formation, including carcinogenic PAHs, therefore, vendors should be enlightened on control measures.
In vitro Evaluation of Botanicals, Bio-agents and Fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Web Blight Disease of Mungbean
Authors: Bhaskar Rinku , Kumar Rohitash , Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Rohit , Chandra Subhash , Chand Ramesh , Vimal Subhash Chandra
Published: November 2023

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is the important source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins of the predominantly vegetarian Indian diet. It belongs to the family Leguminaceae. Web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) is one of the most important fungal diseases which come every year with different intensity and causes huge losses in mungbean yield. The present investigations were carried out in the laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya to test the efficacy of different treatments viz., Neem, Garlic, Tulsi, onion, Ginger, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn  under in vitro condition. Botanicals and Fungicides were tested through Poisoned food technique and Bio-agents were tested through dual culture technique. Pathogen was isolated from diseased mungbean plant and further tested against different treatments. Radial growth and percent inhibition were recorded. Minimum radial growth and maximum percent inhibition were recorded in Propiconazole 1.45 mm, followed by Hexaconazole (3.65 mm), Garlic (10.18 mm), Ginger (11.43 mm), Neem (12.90 mm), Onion (15.42 mm), Tulsi (17.63 mm), T. asperellum (18.58 mm),  T. harzianum (23.14 mm)  as compared to Control (45.17 mm) at 24 hours of incubation. Similar trends were found at 36 and 48 hours intervals.
The Imperatives in Mainstreaming Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Urban Management Practices: African Perspectives
Authors: Oyugi Maurice O.
Published: November 2023

This paper is anchored on argument that cities contribute to global warming and climate change through the interaction of the urban morphological factors notably; the development density, distribution of land uses, building configuration, nature of the construction materials used in the city and the amount of vegetation within the city, the utility of public transportation, vehicular traffic volume, industrialisation and energy consumption in the city, all of which influence the occurrence of urban heat island effects and greenhouse gas emissions to compromise  the air quality and surface temperatures. Therefore, urbanisation is a significant factor contributing to global warming and climate change, leading to heightened drought and flood prevalence, heat waves, sea level rise, increased pest invasions, disease incidences, food insecurity and occurrences of extreme weather events. This is likely to lead to population displacement with the hosts being urban centres already experiencing infrastructure inadequacies. Experience from Africa corroborate that mitigation and adaptation to climate change is a challenge at the urban level due to socioeconomic conditions accentuated by insufficient regional and national assistance rendered to urban authorities. The paper therefore annunciates the African urban climate change mitigation and adaptation scenarios and further discuss the challenges the nations and cities in Africa face in mainstreaming climate change in the national urbanization agenda. To anchor the arguments and to propose strategies for mainstreaming climate change in the urban sustainability agenda, concise review of literature and policy documents on climate change as informed by the urban management practices in Africa is undertaken.
Study of Correlation between Soil Chemical Properties, Zinc Fractions and Yield of Rice under Long Term Fertilization in Chromustert Soil
Authors: Baghel Chhaviraj , Tiwari Alok , Bachkaiya Vinay
Published: November 2023

A long-term experiment entitled “Study of correlation between soil chemical properties, zinc fractions and yield of rice under long term fertilization in Chromustert soil” was conducted at IGKV Raipur experimental farm during kharif 2019-20. This study comprised of ten treatments: control (no fertilizer), 50% NPK (sub-optimal dose), 100% NPK (optimal dose), 150% NPK (super optimal dose) and 100% NPK along with ZnSO4 @ 10kg ha-1, 100% NP, 100% N alone, 100% NPK along with farmyard manure @ 5t ha-1, 50% NPK along with blue green algae @ 10 kg ha-1 and 50% NPK along with green manure @ 40kg h-1. The experiment was laid out at a randomized complete block design which was replicated four times. The variations in Zn uptake by grain, straw and total (both grain and straw) varied from 17.29-129.73 g ha-1, 27.19 to 196.54 g ha-1 and 44.48 to 326.27 g ha-1, respectively. Amongst various treatments 100% NPK+ ZnSO4 had significantly higher values of Zn uptakes by grain, straw and total as compared to the control plot. The grain and straw yield of rice varied from 2430 to 6970 kg ha-1 and 3110-8364 kg ha-1, respectively with the application of various treatments of inorganic fertilizers and manures. From the statistical analysis it was observed that a correlation coefficient was computed between Zn fractions with respect to soil chemical properties and yield of rice that could possibly differ in imbalance and balance applications of varying doses of fertilizer. In this context, the significant correlation coefficient values (r) were obtained with all the parameters that showed organic carbon content in soil predominantly affected almost all individual fractions that ultimately maintain the pool of total Zn in soil for uptake by crop plants.
Effect of Level of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertigation on Yield Parameters of Fennel
Authors: Akash  , Ghiyal Vikram , Malik T. P. , Yadav Preeti , Raa Vikas , Kumar Sunil , Chaman
Published: November 2023

In the case of seed spices, the economic yield of seed is an important factor.  Plant yield is a complicated trait that is controlled by a variety of circumstances. The present work  was conducted during the Rabi season for two years during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The study was carried out in a Split-split Plot Design comprising 24 treatments and 3 replications having plot size 3 m × 1.35 m and plant spacing 45 cm × 20 cm. The analysis observed that the number of umbels per plant,  number of umbellets per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, and the number of seeds per umbellet were recorded maximum with irrigation scheduled at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I4), which was statistically at par with irrigation scheduled at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I3). Among nitrogen level, yield parameters and seed yield performed better in N3 (50 kg/ha) than other different levels of nitrogen. Variety HF-143 observed higher number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of seeds per umbellate, number of seeds per umbel and seed yield kg per hectare. Observed parameters had a direct positive effect on seed yield per hectare at different levels of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on fennel crop.
Synthesis of Pyrido‐[2,1‐a]isoquinoline Derivatives via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cascade Reaction of Enamides
Authors: Xu Xin‐Ming , Chen Sen , Li Wenzhong , Zhang Xuesi , Zhao Zhongyuan , Cao Xinyue , Yao Yuhang , Wang Xiangmin , Wang Zu‐Li
Published: November 2023

A gold(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular cascade reaction of tertiary enamides has been developed, which provides a method for the preparation of diverse pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline derivatives with good function group tolerance. Preliminary investigation of the reaction mechanism indicate that this process comprises a nucleophilic addition of the enamide to an alkynyl group, followed by the capture of the acyliminium ion by an electron‐rich aromatic component. Additionally, scale‐up experiments and further transformations of pyrido‐[2,1‐a]isoquinolines underscore the utility of this methodology.
Complexes of N‐Confused Porphyrin Derivatives as Ortho‐Metallating Ligands. Synthesis, Structure, Redox Properties, and Chirality
Authors: Koniarz Sebastian , Szydełko Kinga , Białek Michał J. , Hurej Karolina , Chmielewski Piotr J.
Published: November 2023

A family of transition metal complexes of meso‐aryl‐2‐aza‐21‐carbaporphyrin (N‐confused porphyrin, NCP) derivatives acting as ortho‐metallating ligands for ruthenium(II), rhodium(III), and iridium(III) is synthesized and characterized by XRD, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods. The chirality of these systems is shown by the separation of the enantiomers and analyzed by circular dichroism and DFT. A preliminary catalytic study indicates the activity of the iridium(III) ortho‐metallated complexes in the N‐heterocyclization of primary amines with diols.
Synergistic Effect of Bimetallic MOF Modified Separator for Long Cycle Life Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Razaq Rameez , Din Mir Mehraj Ud , Småbråten Didrik Rene , Eyupoglu Volkan , Janakiram Saravanan , Sunde Tor Olav , Allahgoli Nima , Rettenwander Daniel , Deng Liyuan
Published: November 2023

Severe polysulfide dissolution and shuttling are the main challenges that plague the long cycle life and capacity retention of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. To address these challenges, efficient separators are designed and modified with a dual functional bimetallic metal‐organic framework (MOF). Flower‐shaped bimetallic MOFs (i.e., Fe‐ZIF‐8) with nanostructured pores are synthesized at 35 °C in water by introducing dopant metal sites (Fe), which are then coated on a polypropylene (PP) separator to provide selective channels, thereby effectively inhibiting the migration of lithium polysulfides while allowing homogeneous transport of Li‐ions. The active sites of the Fe‐ZIF‐8 enable electrocatalytic conversion, facilitating the conversion of lithium polysulfides. Moreover, the developed separator can prevent dendrite formation due to the uniform pore size and hence the even Li‐ion transport and deposition. A coin cell using a Fe‐ZIF‐8/PP separator with S‐loaded carbon cathode displayed a high cycle life of 1000 cycles with a high initial discharge capacity of 863 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and a discharge capacity of 746 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 3 C. Promising specific capacity has been documented even under high sulfur loading of 5.0 mg cm−2 and electrolyte to the sulfur ratio (E/S) of 5 µL mg−1.
Continuous‐Flow Enantioselective Hydroacylations under Heterogeneous Chiral Rhodium Catalysts
Authors: Saito Yuki , Kobayashi Shū
Published: November 2023

Transition metal‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H bond functionalizations have become efficient methods for the synthesis of complex optically active molecules. Heterogeneous catalysts for this chemistry remain largely unexplored despite the advantages they offer in terms of ease of separation and reuse of catalysts. Herein, we report the development of heterogeneous chiral Rh catalysts for continuous‐flow enantioselective hydroacylations. Heterogeneous catalysts could be prepared simply by mixing supports and Rh complexes. The prepared catalysts exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity affording optically active ketones in quantitative yields with 99 % ee's. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a turnover number >300 was achieved without the leaching of Rh species. The catalysts exhibited a wide substrate scope and in sequential‐flow reactions with other heterogeneous catalysts, the syntheses of biologically active molecules and functional materials were demonstrated.
Well‐defined N3C1‐anchored Single‐Metal‐Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Huang Senhe , Tranca Diana , Rodríguez‐Hernández Fermin , Zhang Jichao , Lu Chenbao , Zhu Jinhui , Liang Hai‐Wei , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

N‐, C‐, O‐, S‐coordinated single‐metal‐sites (SMSs) have garnered significant attention due to the potential for significantly enhanced catalytic capabilities resulting from charge redistribution. However, significant challenges persist in the precise design of well‐defined such SMSs, and the fundamental comprehension has long been impeded in case‐by‐case reports using carbon materials as investigation targets. In this work, the well‐defined molecular catalysts with N3C1‐anchored SMSs, i.e., N‐confused metalloporphyrins (NCPor‐Ms), are calculated for their catalytic oxygen reduction activity. Then, NCPor‐Ms with corresponding N4‐anchored SMSs (metalloporphyrins, Por‐Ms), are synthesized for catalytic activity evaluation. Among all, NCPor‐Co reaches the top in established volcano plots. NCPor‐Co also shows the highest half‐wave potential of 0.83 V vs. RHE, which is much better than that of Por‐Co (0.77 V vs. RHE). Electron‐rich, low band gap and regulated d‐band center contribute to the high activity of NCPor‐Co. This study delves into the examination of well‐defined asymmetric SMS molecular catalysts, encompassing both theoretical and experimental facets. It serves as a pioneering step towards enhancing the fundamental comprehension and facilitating the development of high‐performance asymmetric SMS catalysts.
Study on high‐temperature corrosion in a 600 MW opposed firing boiler
Authors: Ning Xinyu , Wang Jin , Huang Jian , Ding Haoxuan , Li Bin , Deng Lei , Li Yiguo
Published: November 2023

Low‐nitrogen burners and air‐staging system, which would generate a large amount of CO and H2S in the furnace, are frequently adopted in the coal‐fired boilers in China. This is one of the main reasons for the high‐temperature corrosion of the water‐cooled wall, while the other is the high wall temperature. In this study, the influences of boiler load, burner tilt angle and near‐wall air (NWA) nozzles numbers on the high‐temperature corrosion of water‐cooled wall in a 600 MW opposed firing boiler are numerically investigated. The results show that the H2S concentration does not decline monotonously with the decreasing boiler load. The H2S concentration declines from 443 to 396 ppm while the average wall temperature decreases by 146 K dramatically when the load descends from 100% BMCR to 50% BMCR. When the effect on both side walls are considered, it is confirmed that the high‐temperature corrosion of the water‐cooled wall would not be alleviated significantly by adjusting the burner tilt angle in this study. Compared with standard condition, the average temperature drops moderately and the maximum H2S concentration drops dramatically from 434 to 367 ppm in the main combustion zone near the left wall when the angle is set at 5°. The reducing atmosphere could be significantly alleviated when NWA nozzles are put into operation. Moreover, a sharp drop of the average CO concentration from 7.8% to 2.1% occurs when only the lower two layers of NWA nozzles are operating.
Grandiose dreams, mega projects: Ottoman nostalgia in ‘new Turkey’
Authors: Çevik Senem B.
Published: November 2023

In January of 2015 Turkey's president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan hosted the Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at the newly built extravagant and highly controversial presidential palace. Sixteen warriors representing all of the former Turkic empires in full costume were present at the welcoming ceremony. This paper uses Volkan's psycho‐political framework to understand state‐led efforts of historical revisionism which manifest itself in historical glories and nostalgia for the Ottoman Empire. The central argument posits that grandiose or mega projects strategically serve historical revisionism in Turkey, amplifying selected glories of Turkish society to bolster support for authentic and national narrative, known as “yerli ve milli (domestic and national)”
Microwave Absorption in Ge After Bombardment of Helium Ions Beam
Authors: Lysochenko Serhii , Kukharenko Oleg , Ilchenko Volodymyr , Tolmachov Mykola , Oliynyk Viktor , Launets Vilen , Zagorodnii Volodymyr
Published: November 2023

In this work, the effect of Ge sample bombardment by energy Ei = 1.2 MeV mono‐energetic He+ ions within the fluence range of 1013–1.2 × 1015 cm−2 on the microwave reflection/transmission modification in the frequency range of 26–38 GHz is investigated. It is shown for the first time that such Ge treatment allows achieving a drastic increase in its interaction with microwaves. After the 1 µm thick undersurface area of Ge, accounting for less than 10−3 of its bulk, underwent the fluence of 1.2 × 1015 cm−2, the increase of the microwave absorption coefficient from 0.06 to 0.78 and decrease of the microwave reflection coefficient from 0.7 to 0.18 are observed. This is caused by the occurrence of dangling atomic bonds in nanoscale cavities inside the material. Most probable energy loss mechanisms of microwaves in modified Ge are suggested. Modified semiconductor structures can be used as microwave‐absorbing coverings, devices employing a periodic structure of materials or a gradient of its properties.
How to Invite AI into Your Boardroom: Insights for Responsible and Effective Use
Authors: Chapman Martyn
Published: November 2023

Martyn Chapman is the Chief Product Manager at OnBoard, a company that has developed a software platform for board governance. In this article he discusses how boardroom communications have adapted with technology as cybersecurity threats and AI have advanced.
Artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven strategic business model innovations in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises. Insights on technological and strategic enablers for carbon neutral businesses
Authors: Shaik Aqueeb Sohail , Alshibani Safiya Mukhtar , Jain Girish , Gupta Bhumika , Mehrotra Ankit
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the enhancement of technological and strategic enablers for carbon‐neutral businesses (CNB) through artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven business model innovation (AIDBMI). Drawing upon the insights gained from the literature review, the study employs structural equation modeling (partial least squares structural equation modeling [PLS‐SEM]) as the methodology to examine the relationships between AIDBMI, technological enablers, strategic enablers, and the attainment of carbon neutrality. The sample size consists of 326 small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the United States of America. The findings of this study affirm the significant positive relationships between AIDBMI and both technological and strategic enablers for CNB. The utilization of AI technologies proves to be instrumental in fostering the development and implementation of innovative business models that integrate sustainability practices and address environmental challenges. By leveraging AIDBMI, SMEs can harness technological advancements to adopt energy‐efficient processes, embrace renewable energy solutions, and implement effective carbon reduction strategies. Moreover, the study highlights the critical role of strategic enablers in driving the transition towards carbon neutrality. The alignment of sustainability goals with organizational strategies, stakeholder collaboration, and employee engagement emerge as pivotal factors in enabling SMEs to effectively utilize AIDBMI and leverage technological advancements to achieve carbon neutrality. The implications of this study contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of technological and strategic enablers in creating CNB. By integrating AIDBMI, organizations can drive sustainable transformations, optimize their operations, and align their resource management with sustainable practices. These insights provide valuable guidance for SMEs, policymakers, and researchers seeking to foster sustainable practices, promote carbon neutrality, and contribute to the advancement of a low‐carbon economy.
The efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with or without anti‐PD‐1 for the first‐line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Han Fuxin , Wu Zhaozhen , Chen Jiaxin , Liu Meicen , Hu Yi
Published: November 2023

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of first‐line anti‐PD‐1 combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Method

Patients with advanced UC who received first‐line treatment of chemotherapy (n = 51, gemcitabine/paclitaxel [albumin‐bound] combined with platinum) or immunochemotherapy (n = 50, PD‐1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy) were enrolled. The efficacy and safety were analyzed between the two groups.

Results

This study included data from 101 patients, including 51 patients in the chemotherapy group and 50 patients in the immunochemotherapy group. The median progression‐free survival of the immunochemotherapy group was significantly longer than that of the chemotherapy group (11.5 vs. 7.17 m, HR = 0.56, p = 0.009). The two groups' overall survival showed no significant difference (20.3 vs. 17.8 m, p = 0.204). The objective response rates and the disease control rates of the two groups were 38.0% versus 49.0% (p = 0.26) and 88.0% versus 80.4% (p = 0.29). The incidence of adverse reactions (AEs) in the immunochemotherapy group and chemotherapy group were 90.0% and 84.3% (p = 0.394), respectively, and the incidence of Grade III–IV AEs were 32.0% and 35.3% (p = 0.726), respectively.

Conclusion

In the first‐line treatment of patients with advanced UC, anti‐PD‐1 therapy combined with chemotherapy might have better efficacy than chemotherapy alone, and AEs are similar between the two groups.
An ophthalmologist with myocardial bridging developed takotsubo cardiomyopathy while operating; A case report and literature review
Authors: Al‐sadi Anas , Al‐Qahtani Awad , Al‐Khalaila Osama , Jawarneh Israa , Karim Sabir Abdul
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Healthcare workers are prone to very high level of physical as well as emotional stress that lead to devastating health‐related consequences which include but not limited to cardiovascular events that may lead to death. Recognizing the risk of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy among healthcare worker is the main aim of this report.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TC) is a reversible left ventricular wall motion abnormality that could not be explained by coronary artery disease and is typically precipitated by either emotional or physical stress. There is no sufficient data regarding the incidence of TC among healthcare workers and people with myocardial bridging. Here we are describing a case of an ophthalmologist with myocardial bridging who developed TC while in the operation theater.
Carboxymethylation of Cinnamyl Alcohol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Graphitic Carbon Nitrides
Authors: Shcherban Nataliya D. , Kholkina Ekaterina , Sergiienko Sergii , Kovalevsky Andrei V. , Bezverkhyy Igor , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: November 2023

A set of graphitic carbon nitride samples was prepared using a straightforward experimental procedure without templates and any subsequent treatments. The materials were studied in‐depth using a range of physical and chemical methods such as X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHN), nitrogen physisorption, SEM, XPS, TPD CO2. The resulting g‐C3N4 was shown to be highly efficient in carboxymethylation of cinnamyl alcohol with dimethyl carbonate yielding up to ca. 82 % of the desired cinnamyl methyl carbonate. In the studied conditions, an increase in the surface N atomic content leads to an increase in selectivity towards the desired carbonate, while a higher surface O content was beneficial for side products. Metal‐free graphitic carbon nitride was shown to be one of the most productive (ca. 2 mol/h kgcat) in the investigated reaction among studied heterogeneous catalysts.
Model‐Informed Vancomycin Dosing Optimization to Address Delayed Renal Maturation in Infants and Young Children with Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Shimamoto Yuko , Fukushima Keizo , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Ichikawa Hajime , Kurosaki Kenichi , Maeda Shinichiro , Okuda Masahiro
Published: November 2023

Ensuring safe and effective drug therapy in infants and young children often requires accounting for growth and organ development; however, data on organ function maturation are scarce for special populations, such as infants with congenital diseases. Children with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) often require multiple staged surgeries depending on their age and disease severity. Vancomycin (VCM) is used to treat postoperative infections; however, the standard pediatric dose (60–80 mg/kg/day) frequently results in overexposure in children with CCHD. In this study, we characterized the maturation of VCM clearance in pediatric patients with CCHD and determined the appropriate dosing regimen using population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and simulations. We analyzed 1,254 VCM serum concentrations from 152 postoperative patients (3 days–13 years old) for population PK analysis. The PK model was developed using a two‐compartment model with allometrically scaled body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and postmenstrual age as covariates. The observed clearance in patients aged ≤ 1 year and 1–2 years was 33% and 40% lower compared with that of non‐CCHD patients, respectively, indicating delayed renal maturation in patients with CCHD. Simulation analyses suggested VCM doses of 25 mg/kg/day (age ≤ 3 months, eGFR 40 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 35 mg/kg/day (3 months < age ≤ 3 years, eGFR 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). In conclusion, this study revealed delayed renal maturation in children with CCHD, could be due to cyanosis and low cardiac output. Model‐informed simulations identified the lower VCM doses for children with CCHD compared with standard pediatric guidelines.
Extended Hypothesis for Reynolds Stress Tensor and Turbulent Heat Flux Modeling Within a Novel K‐ε Model for Prediction of Crystal Growth from the Melt
Authors: Kalaev Vladimir , Borisov Dmitriy
Published: November 2023

The major technique of manufacturing silicon monocrystals is Czochralski (Cz) method. To obtain high‐quality crystals, it is necessary to control the melt flow that is turbulent. The most cost‐effective approach for modeling turbulence nowadays is RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes) that allows for providing steady axisymmetric computations using reasonable grids. However, conventional eddy‐viscosity RANS models usually fail to predict spatial details of turbulence characteristics of the melt flow. To overcome the limitations of the eddy‐viscosity approach the Stress Tensor Reconstruction (STR) approach is developed that is aimed at the reproduction of anisotropy of the Reynolds stresses. The Generalized Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis (GGDH) in combination with the STR approach successfully takes into account the anisotropy of turbulent fluxes in a melt flow. Relying upon the STR/GGDH approach a novel RANS STR k‐ε model is developed. The model is validated using the ILES (Implicit Large Eddy Simulation) data of turbulent melt convection during Cz Si crystal growth, as well, as the experimental data of oxygen concentration in 100 and 200 mm diameter Cz crystals. The results are compared to the results obtained with the conventional low Reynolds number Chien k‐ε model extended by the buoyancy generation term.
Characterising the heterogeneous nature of tufa mounds by integrating petrographic, petrophysical, acoustic and electromagnetic measurements
Authors: Schröder S. , Corella J. P. , Pellicer X. M. , Rook P. , Kara A. , Comas X.
Published: November 2023

Determination of the physical properties of subsurface geological bodies is essential for georesource management and geotechnical applications. In the absence of direct measurements, this usually passes via geophysical methods such as seismic and ground‐penetrating radar. These require conversion to physical properties, and measurements at different scales to test for consistency. This approach is non‐trivial in geobodies with heterogeneous patterns of properties. Tufa mounds—in‐situ terrestrial carbonate buildups precipitating from geothermal waters—are characterised by high contrasts in facies and petrophysical properties from microscale to macroscale, and are therefore ideally suited to test the ability of non‐invasive geophysical methods to estimate such contrasts, and to develop petrophysical models based on geophysical properties. Here, a laboratory‐based study of a Pleistocene tufa mound in Spain is presented that combines (1) petrography, (2) digital 2D pore network analysis, (3) gas porosity and permeability measurements, (4) acoustic velocity measurements and (5) electromagnetic wave velocity and porosity determination from ground‐penetrating radar, to develop empirical petrophysical models. These results show the consistency of petrophysical properties determined with different methods across various observational scales. Electromagnetically derived porosity positively correlates with gas porosity. Petrophysical properties depend on measurable rock fabric parameters and the degree of cementation, which provide predictive tools for subsurface geobodies. Strongly cemented peloidal‐thrombolitic fabrics with intergranular and intercrystalline pores, and a dominance of small complex pores best transmit acoustic waves. Weak cementation and a significant fraction of large simple pores (framework, vegetation moulds) increase porosity and permeability of shrubby fabrics, while causing lower acoustic velocity. This study demonstrates that ground‐penetrating radar models can be used in combination with direct measurements of physical subsurface properties to capture highly contrasting physical properties associated with different sedimentary facies that would not be achievable with other methods, thus improving the understanding of formational processes.
Obesity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the REDUCE LAP‐HF II trial
Authors: Litwin Sheldon E. , Komtebedde Jan , Seidler Tim , Borlaug Barry A. , Winkler Sebastian , Solomon Scott D. , Eicher Jean‐Christophe , Mazimba Sula , Khawash Rami , Sverdlov Aaron L. , Hummel Scott L. , Bugger Heiko , Boenner Florian , Hoendermis Elke , Cikes Maja , Demers Catherine , Silva Guillherme , van Empel Vanessa , Starling Randall C. , Penicka Martin , Cutlip Donald E. , Leon Martin B. , Kitzman Dalane W. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Shah Sanjiv J. ,   the REDUCE LAP‐HF Investigators and Research Staff
Published: November 2023

Aims

Obesity is causally related to the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) but complicates the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. We aimed to determine the relationship between severity of obesity and clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic parameters in a large cohort of patients with documented HFpEF.

Methods and results

The REDUCE LAP‐HF II trial randomized 626 patients with ejection fraction ≥40% and exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≥25 mmHg to atrial shunt or sham procedure. We tested for associations between body mass index (BMI), clinical characteristics, cardiac structural and functional abnormalities, physical limitations, quality of life and outcomes with atrial shunt therapy. Overall, 60.9% of patients had BMI ≥30 kg/m2. As the severity of obesity increased, symptoms (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score) and 6‐min walk distance worsened. More severe obesity was associated with lower natriuretic peptide levels despite more cardiac remodelling, higher cardiac filling pressures, and higher cardiac output. Lower cut points for E/e′ were needed to identify elevated PCWP in more obese patients. Strain measurements in all four chambers were maintained as BMI increased. Pulmonary vascular resistance at rest and exercise decreased with higher BMI. Obesity was associated with more first and recurrent heart failure events. However, there was no significant interaction between obesity and treatment effects of the atrial shunt.

Conclusions

Increasing severity of obesity was associated with greater cardiac remodelling, higher right and left ventricular filling pressures, higher cardiac output and increased subsequent heart failure events. Despite significant obesity, many HFpEF patients have preserved right heart and pulmonary vascular function and thus, may be appropriate candidates for atrial shunt therapy.
Synthesis of Perfluoro Alkyl/Alkenyl Aryl Sulfide: C−S Coupling Reaction Using Hexafluoropropylene Dimer (HFPD) as a Building Block
Authors: An Yu , Zeng Ji‐Jun , Tang Xiao‐Bo , Zhao Bo , Han Sheng , Yang Zhi‐Qiang , Zhang Wei , Lu Jian
Published: November 2023

Efficient approaches to perfluoroalkyl/alkenyl aryl sulfides were accomplished by a C−S coupling reaction under mild conditions. Hexafluoropropylene dimer was employed as a versatile building block for the perfluoroalkylation and perfluoroalkenylation of thiophenol. The application of the synthetic strategy was demonstrated by the high‐yield transformation of a broad range of aryl derivatives. A plausible mechanistic explanation was proposed to elaborate the differences between the two reaction pathways. The methodology provides straightforward and convenient access to aryl sulfides constituting C6 perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkenyl substituents.