bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum rate dynamics for proton transfer reaction in a model system: Effect of the rate promoting vibrational mode
Authors: Shi Qiang , Zhu Lili , Chen Liping
Published: July 2011

We extended our previous calculation of the quantum rate dynamics for a model system of proton transfer (PT) reaction using the Liouville space hierarchical equations of motion method in this study. A rate promoting vibrational (RPV) mode that symmetrically coupled to the proton coordinate was included in the quantum dynamics calculations, in order to study the effect of enhanced tunneling by the proton donor-acceptor motion. Adding the RPV mode is observed to increase the PT rate and reduce the kinetic isotope effects. We also found that the PT dynamics is influenced by the dissipation of the RPV mode. Besides this extension, in the case without the RPV, we investigated whether the PT rate dynamics in the deep tunneling regime can reduce to an effective two-state spin-boson type of model and found that this is only possible at low reorganization energies.
First-principles study on electron transport of carbon dumbbells C60-Cn-C60
Authors: Wang R. N. , Zheng X. H. , Song L. L. , Zeng Z.
Published: July 2011

Electronic transport properties of carbon dumbbells, a new type of carbon hybrid nanostructures formed by connecting carbon atomic chains to two fullerenes C60, are investigated by using nonequilibrium Green's functions in combination with the density-functional theory. Specifically, the transport properties as a function of the carbon chain length n are examined. An obvious metal-insulator-like oscillation has been achieved with the increase of the carbon chain length. When n is even, the device behaves as a metal. In contrast, when n is odd, it behaves as an insulator. It is quite different to the carbon chains directly sandwiched between metallic leads where the low conductance states are observed for even n while the high conductance states are observed for odd n. Such a difference arises from the screening effect of C60s.
Theoretical investigation of resonance Raman scattering of dye molecules absorbed on semiconductor surfaces
Authors: Zhao Yi , Liang WanZhen
Published: July 2011

A method in time domain is proposed to investigate resonance Raman spectra of absorbed molecules on semiconductor surfaces. The charge transfer at the molecule-surface interface is incorporated with the use of an Anderson-Newns type Hamiltonian, where the surface continuum state is dealt with an expansion of Legendre polynomials for fast numerical convergence. From a model test, it is found that the intensities of Raman modes in the sole molecule generally decrease as the molecule-surface interaction is switched on, except that the energy gaps between the molecular excited state and the bottom of the band are at special values. New Raman peaks which are not observed in the sole molecule, however, appear and are greatly enhanced. The enhancement depends on the electronic coupling and the energy gap. It is also highly sensitive to the mode-specific reorganization energy in the charge transfer state, and a thousand times enhancement can be obtained at a certain reorganization energy. The corresponding electron dynamics is revealed by the population decay from the absorbed molecule.
Lyapunov exponent diagrams of a 4-dimensional Chua system
Authors: Stegemann Cristiane , Albuquerque Holokx A. , Rubinger Rero M. , Rech Paulo C.
Published: July 2011

We report numerical results on the existence of periodic structures embedded in chaotic and hyperchaotic regions on the Lyapunov exponent diagrams of a 4-dimensional Chua system. The model was obtained from the 3-dimensional Chua system by the introduction of a feedback controller. Both the largest and the second largest Lyapunov exponents were considered in our colorful Lyapunov exponent diagrams, and allowed us to characterize periodic structures and regions of chaos and hyperchaos. The shrimp-shaped periodic structures appear to be malformed on some of Lyapunov exponent diagrams, and they present two different bifurcation scenarios to chaos when passing the boundaries of itself, namely via period-doubling and crisis. Hyperchaos-chaos transition can also be observed on the Lyapunov exponent diagrams for the second largest exponent.
Enhancement-mode buried strained silicon channel quantum dot with tunable lateral geometry
Authors: Lu T. M. , Bishop N. C. , Pluym T. , Means J. , Kotula P. G. , Cederberg J. , Tracy L. A. , Dominguez J. , Lilly M. P. , Carroll M. S.
Published: July 2011

We propose and demonstrate a relaxed-SiGe/strained-Si enhancement-mode gate stack for quantum dots. A mobility of 1.6 × 105 cm2/Vs at 5.8 × 1011/cm2 is measured in Hall bars that witness the same device process flow as the quantum dot. Periodic Coulomb blockade measured in a double-top-gated lateral quantum dot nanostructure terminates with open diamonds up to ±10 mV of dc voltage across the device. The devices were fabricated within a 150 mm Si foundry setting that uses implanted ohmics and chemical-vapor-deposited dielectrics. A modified implant, polycrystalline silicon formation and annealing conditions were utilized to minimize the thermal budget that potentially leads to Ge/Si interdiffusion.
Mechanical and thermal transport properties of graphene with defects
Authors: Hao Feng , Fang Daining , Xu Zhiping
Published: July 2011

The roles of defects including monatomic vacancies and Stone-Wales dislocations in the mechanical and thermal properties of graphene are investigated here through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that Young’s modulus of a defected graphene sheet has a gentle dependence with the concentration of defects, while the thermal conductivity is much more sensitive. Analysis based on the effective medium theory (EMT) indicates that this sensitivity originates from the scattering of phonons by defects and delocalized interaction between them, which leads to a transition from propagating to diffusive mode as the concentration increases.
Amorphization of Cu nanoparticles: Effects on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Amekura H. , Johannessen B. , Sprouster D. J. , Ridgway M. C.
Published: July 2011

Crystalline copper nanoparticles (NPs) were formed in silica by multi-energy MeV ion implantations and then transformed to amorphous NPs by irradiation with 5 MeV Sn3+ ions. Optical absorption spectra of both the phases were evaluated in the ultra-violet to near-infrared regions. Compared with corresponding crystalline NPs of the same mean diameter, the amorphous NPs showed a low-energy shift of the surface plasmon resonance around 2.2 eV and less prominent absorption structure around 4 eV. These differences are explained by a strongly reduced electron mean-free-path in the amorphous NPs due to the loss of lattice periodicity.
Electric-field-induced volume change and room temperature phase stability of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-x mol. % BaTiO3 piezoceramics
Authors: Jo Wook , Rödel Jürgen
Published: July 2011

Phase stability of (1 − x) (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-x BaTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) under electric field was investigated by measuring volume changes during a bipolar poling cycle. The unique nature of field-dependent phase stability with three distinctive regions is revealed by comparative studies using commercial soft PZT and relaxor PLZT. For x ≤ 0.06 and x ≥ 0.13, similarly with PZT and PLZT, the axial strain expands with the contracting radial strain, but the former results in a remanent volume demonstrating an electric-field-induced phase transition. For 0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.12, this field-induced phase transition is distinguished by negligible radial contractions implying polarization rotation. A “poling-induced” morphotropic phase boundary forms at x = 0.07.
Why life history information matters: drought refuges and macroinvertebrate persistence in non-perennial streams subject to a drier climate
Authors: Robson B. J. , Chester E. T. , Austin C. M.
Published: July 2011

In some arid, semi-arid or Mediterranean climate regions, increased water extraction combined with climate change will prolong periods of drought in non-perennial streams, but the effects on macroinvertebrate populations are poorly understood. Drought refuges allow species to survive drying but their use depends on species’ traits, and refuge availability depends on landscape structure. This review evaluates the utility of existing ecological concepts for predicting the role of drought refuges for sustaining biodiversity in non-perennial streams. We also suggest traits that may determine invertebrate species’ resistance or resilience to prolonged drying. Parts of the likely responses by populations to increased stream drying are described by existing ecological concepts, such as the biological traits of species and their interaction with the habitat templet, barriers to dispersal and metapopulation dynamics, the use of drought refuges, habitat fragmentation and population and landscape genetics. However, the limited knowledge of invertebrate life histories in non-perennial streams restricts our ability to use these concepts in a predictive manner. In particular, reach or pool occupancy by species cannot be accurately predicted, but such predictions are necessary for evaluating potential management actions such as the use of environmental flows to sustain drought refuges during dry periods.
Corrigendum to: Partitioning spatial and temporal variability of tropical near-shore macrobenthic assemblages affected by natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Authors: Rodríguez-Pliego P. , Hernández-Arana H. A. , Ardisson P.-L.
Published: July 2011

Coastal zones throughout the world are subject to natural and anthropogenic disturbances that modify the natural assemblages. The present study determined the response of the assemblage of macrobenthic invertebrates to the presence of a pier and natural climatic variations. Two analytical models were considered; one was an asymmetric model that permitted the comparison of the sector closest to the pier (impact) with the average of the sectors located further away (controls); the other was a three-way model that enabled the three sectors within the area to be analysed. With both models, the differences were compared among the sampling periods and the scale at which the variation in the data was greatest. No differences were detected among individual sectors or between the control and impact sectors. However, significant differences were found among the four periods. The zone closest to the pier presented greater temporal variability. This relationship suggests that the pier affecting the assemblage and the impact may be increased by the climatic conditions prevalent in the zone. It is necessary to establish a broader temporal analysis and a more detailed analysis of the structure and composition of the benthic assemblage to elucidate this temporal and spatial variability.
Lead - radium dating provides a framework for coordinating age estimation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) between fishing areas
Authors: Andrews A. H. , Ashford J. R. , Brooks C. M. , Krusic-Golub K. , Duhamel G. , Belchier M. , Lundstrom C. C. , Cailliet G. M.
Published: July 2011

Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or ‘Chilean sea bass’ support a valuable and controversial fishery, yet their life history is not well understood and longevity estimates range from ~20 to >50 years. In this study, lead–radium dating provided valid ages for juvenile to older adult groups, which were consistent with the counting of otolith growth zones in transverse otolith sections, and longevity estimates exceeding 30 years. Lead–radium dating revealed minor biases between the radiometric age and interpretation of growth zone counting for regional fishing areas monitored by two facilities, Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology (CQFE) and the Central Ageing Facility (CAF), using different age estimation techniques. For CQFE, under-ageing of ~3.3 years was observed for individuals with estimated ages under 20 years. For the CAF, ages were overestimated for young fish and underestimated for the oldest fish. Lead–radium dating detected underlying problems in coordinating age estimation between geographically separated fish stocks, and provided a framework to objectively assess otolith interpretation and growth modelling between laboratories based on age-validated data.
Decomposition of native leaf litter by aquatic hyphomycetes in an alpine stream
Authors: Suter Stephanie G. , Rees Gavin N. , Watson Garth O. , Suter Phillip J. , Silvester Ewen
Published: July 2011

Despite the recognised significance of hyphomycetes in the degradation of leaf litter in streams, few studies have been carried out in alpine environments and none in Australian alpine streams. We hypothesised that the fungal communities responsible for leaf decomposition would change over immersion time, and would respond differently at different sites and on different types of vegetation. Leaf bags containing Epacris glacialis (F. Muell.), Eucalyptus pauciflora (Sieber ex. Spreng) and Eucalyptus delegatensis (R.T. Baker) were deployed at different sites in a stream in the Victorian Alpine National Park, south-eastern Australia. Leaf colonisation was delayed for 2 weeks and decay constants for E. pauciflora and E. delegatensis were 0.004–0.005 and 0.006 respectively. Maximum fungal biomass on leaves was similar to that in previous published studies, whereas sporulation rates were two or three orders of magnitude lower, indicating a reduced reproductive effort. Sporulation and DNA-based studies combined showed that fungal communities on the decomposing leaf material changed over time and exhibited significant preferences for leaf type and study site. We have shown that aquatic hyphomycetes can degrade physically tough leaves of Australian alpine plant species, potentially contributing to pathways for particulate carbon to enter alpine-stream food webs.
Similar life history traits in bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and pig-eye (C. amboinensis) sharks
Authors: Tillett Bree J. , Meekan Mark G. , Field Iain C. , Hua Quan , Bradshaw Corey J. A.
Published: July 2011

Appropriate management strategies for coastal regions require an understanding of how ecological similarities and differences among species shape ecosystem processes. Here, we tested whether morphological similarity equated to similar age and growth patterns in two common coastal sharks in northern Australia. Vertebrae of 199 pig-eye (Carcharhinus amboinensis) and 94 bull (C. leucas) sharks were sourced principally from commercial fisheries operating along the Northern Territory coastline during 2007–2009. We sectioned vertebrae to provide estimates of age of these animals. Model averaging results indicated female pig-eye sharks matured at 13 years and lived >30 years. Theoretical asymptotic length (L∞) (±s.e.) was estimated to be 2672 (±11.94) mm with a growth coefficient (k) of 0.145 year–1. Male pig-eye sharks matured slightly earlier than females (12 years) and survived >26 years. Theoretical asymptotic length for males (L∞) (±s.e.) was also smaller (2540 ± 13.056) mm and they grew faster (k = 0.161 year–1) than females. Bull sharks matured at 9.5 years and reached a maximum theoretical size (L∞) (±s.e.) of 3119 mm (±9.803) with a similar growth coefficient (k = 0.158 year–1) to pig-eye sharks. Longevity of bull sharks was estimated to be more than 27 years. Our results indicate that these patterns of high longevity and slow growth are indicative of low resilience and high susceptibility to over-exploitation of these coastal sharks.
Large-scale variation in life history traits of the widespread diadromous fish, Galaxias maculatus, reflects geographic differences in local environmental conditions
Authors: Barbee Nicole C. , Hale Robin , Morrongiello John , Hicks Andy , Semmens David , Downes Barbara J. , Swearer Stephen E.
Published: July 2011

Applying uniform population models and management strategies to widespread species can be ineffective if populations exhibit variable life histories in response to local conditions. Galaxias maculatus, one of the world’s most widely distributed fish species, occurs in a broad range of habitats and is highly adaptable, making it an ideal species for examining variation in life history traits across large geographic scales. Here, we examine the spawning biology and early life history of diadromous G. maculatus in coastal rivers in Victoria, Australia, and compare them to other populations throughout its range. We predicted that traits associated with these critical life stages, especially those that respond to environmental conditions that vary geographically, such as seasonal cues and temperature, are likely to vary across large spatial scales. We found that spawning occurs later in Victoria than in New Zealand (NZ) and South America, but migration back to rivers occurs at the same time in Victoria and NZ, but not South America. G. maculatus returning to rivers are also smaller and younger in Victoria than those in NZ. Other traits, like some attributes of spawning schools and spawning habitats, did not vary across large scales. Researchers and managers should be cautious when making broad assumptions about the biology of widely distributed species.
Online-interpreting in synchronous cyber classrooms
Authors: Ko Leong , Chen Nian-Shing
Published: July 2011

There have been a number of attempts to teach interpreting by distance mode using technologies such as teleconferencing, videoconferencing and Internet. Most of these attempts have faced a common constraint – the teacher and students cannot engage in live visual interaction as if they were in a physical language lab, and the effect of teaching is therefore compromised. As a result, most distance interpreting instruction is limited to the provision of interpreting materials for students to practise by themselves, and hence become a form of self study for students. This paper presents an experiment which tries to make use of the state-of-the-art synchronous cyber classroom to create a teaching and learning space that is comparable to face-to-face teaching, allowing the teacher to teach interpreting per se and students to practise interpreting in groups, pairs or individually under the teacher’s supervision. The key characteristic of this experiment is that the teacher and students can hear and see each other in teaching and learning as well as in practice. The findings of the experiment suggest that in spite of certain constraints inherent in computer technology, the important aspect of verbal and visual interaction in teaching interpreting per se can be accommodated using the technology of synchronous cyber classrooms.
Strategies used in translating English binomials into Arabic
Authors: Hussein Riyad F. , Lingwood Richard
Published: July 2011

The present study investigates Jordanian students’ ability to translate English binomials into Arabic and explores the strategies used when translating them into Arabic. It also investigates the usefulness of English–Arabic dictionaries. For this purpose, a 25-item translation test was developed and distributed to two groups; an advanced group including 30 MA students, and an intermediate group comprising 50 undergraduate students studying English at Jordanian universities.
The study revealed that the subjects’ general performance on the translation test was unsatisfactory. The percentage of correct answers on all items for all subjects was approximately 44%. This means that more than half of the test items in the translation test were erroneously rendered. The subjects used different strategies to translate English binomials into Arabic. The most frequently used strategy was contextualized guessing, followed by avoidance, literal translation, incomplete translation and least used, semantic approximation.
Finally, with regard to the incorporation of English binomials along with their equivalents in Arabic in the English Arabic dictionaries, it was found that they were the highest in Al-Mawrid Dictionary 72%, followed by Atlas Dictionary 60%, and finally Oxford Wordpower 52%. Some binomials were included in one dictionary, others were included in only two dictionaries. Five binominals, or 20% of binomials under investigation, namely for and against, ifs and buts, heart and hand, here and now and nuts and bolts were missing in all of the dictionaries. This indicates the need to compile specialized English–Arabic dictionaries to address multi-word units such as collocations, idioms, and binomials, or at least to upgrade or enrich the currently used ones.
Observational learning in the large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)
Authors: Izawa Ei-Ichi , Watanabe Shigeru
Published: July 2011

Exploiting the skills of others enables individuals to reduce the risks and costs of resource innovation. Social corvids are known to possess sophisticated social and physical cognitive abilities. However, their capacity for imitative learning and its inter-individual transmission pattern remains mostly unexamined. Here we demonstrate the large-billed crows' ability to learn problem-solving techniques by observation and the dominance-dependent pattern in which this technique is transmitted. Crows were allowed to observe one of two box-opening behaviours performed by a dominant or subordinate demonstrator and then tested regarding action and technique. The observers successfully opened the box on their first attempts by using non-matching actions but matching techniques to those observed, suggesting emulation. In the subsequent test sessions, dominant observers (i.e. those dominant to the bird acting as demonstrator) consistently used the learned technique, whereas subordinates (i.e. those subordinate to the bird acting as demonstrator) learned alternative techniques by explorative trial and error. Our findings demonstrate crows' capacity to learn by observing behaviours and the effect of dominance on transmission patterns of behavioural skills.
Keywords: social learning; imitation; emulation; affordance; culture; innovation
Birdsong learning in the laboratory, with especial reference to the song of the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Derégnaucourt Sébastien
Published: July 2011

Vocal imitation in songbirds exhibits interesting parallels to infant speech development and is currently the model system of choice for exploring the behavioural, molecular and electrophysiological substrates of vocal learning. Among songbirds, the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) is currently used as the ‘flying mouse’ of birdsong research. Only males sing and they develop their song primarily during a short sensitive period in early life. They learn their speciesspecific song patterns by memorizing and imitating the songs of conspecifics, mainly adults. Since Immelmann's pioneering work, thousands of zebra finches have been raised in strictly controlled auditory environments to examine how their experience affected their songs. In this article, I review the different experimental procedures that have been used in the laboratory to study the social influences on song learning in the Zebra Finch. Poor song learning was observed using passive playback of taped songs, whereas self-eliciting exposure using operant tutoring techniques induced significant learning, but with a high interindividual variability. The success of the training paradigm is often measured by the quality of imitation of the songs to which the young bird is exposed. Using empirical evidence from the field and the laboratory, I will also discuss this issue, by summarizing possible advantages and disadvantages of producing a perfect imitation. So far, the best method to get a close copy of a song model in the Zebra Finch is to place a single young bird with an adult male. This situation, which is rather unnatural, does not meet the criteria for precise control necessary in experimental conditions. Optimizing the methods used to train a zebra finch to learn a song, in order to be able to predict the imitation success, will improve our understanding of the dynamics of vocal production learning. It would also consolidate this species as a research model of relevance to human speech development and disorders.
Keywords: Zebra Finch; birdsong; learning; development; memory; social influences
A socio-cognitive approach to historical politeness
Authors: Watts Richard J.
Published: July 2011

The central argument of this paper is that “politeness”, when looked at not as a theoretical term but as a lexeme in the English language, has a relatively unstable set of cognitive concepts for which it prompts when used. The first-order notion of “politeness” developed by Watts, Ide and Ehlich (1992a), Watts (2003, 2005) and Locher (2004) entails the need for a very different form of theorisation from the rationalist/objectivist approach presented in Brown and Levinson ([1978] 1987). The only way to develop such a new “theory” of first-order “politeness” is to take positively and negatively evaluated linguistic expressions referring to the general area of “politeness” (polite, polished, refined, well-mannered, standoffish, etc.) to prompt for the socio-cognitive construction of a range of meanings that do not always correspond to one another or even overlap, i.e. to develop a socio-cognitive constructionist approach to emergent social practice. In terms of looking at “politeness” from a historical point of view, it is obviously difficult if not impossible to reconstruct the forms of emergent social practice, but English writings during the early eighteenth century are replete with references to terms such as polite, polished, affected, politeness, etc. The close study of how such terms are used reveals that what was understood by them was very different from what politeness researchers of today understand by “politeness”, and such differences can only be accounted for by positing a relativist model that can account for variability and change.
Insults, violence, and the meaning of lytegian in the Old English Battle of Maldon
Authors: Pakis Valentine A.
Published: July 2011

The history of impoliteness — of which insults are a part — and violence are intertwined. In medieval Germanic cultural history, this link manifests itself in historical-pragmatic contexts such as sennur, whettings, and flyting-to-fighting scenarios, which are surveyed in this paper. The ethological origins of such interactions are called into question with reference to the Freudian death drive. Based on the connection between insults and violence, a novel definition of Old English lytegian in the Battle of Maldon is offered, namely ‘jeer, insult’, with comparative support from Icelandic.
Not playing the game
Authors: Horner Kristine , Weber Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2011

Integration has become a keyword across texts and genres, and is often uncritically embraced not only by politicians and journalists but also by academic researchers. In this paper, we explore how integration is used in reference to people categorized as “migrants” or “foreigners”. We discuss intertextual links between a wide range of texts from different European countries, including official policy documents, print media texts and academic publications. We have deliberately chosen liberal and progressive texts rather than the texts of the extreme right, since our objective is to show how even in liberal texts, the use of the concept of integration is frequently informed by illiberal assumptions and ideologies. Our analysis aims to lay bare the cultural or discourse models underlying the use of the concept of integration. We compare and contrast three discourse models of integration, which we have labelled as the centre-periphery, mathematical game and statistical correlations models. We show how one particular text shuttles between models and examine the pernicious consequences of the linguistic choices made in the text. The paper concludes with a call for greater awareness of the potentially discriminatory ideological frameworks within which the term “integration” functions.
Sketchwriting, political “colour” and the sociolinguistics of stance
Authors: Richardson Kay P. , Corner John
Published: July 2011

The language of press and television news reportage is familiar territory for critical discourse analysis and other approaches to politics in the mass media (e.g., Kelly-Holmes and O’Regan, 2004, Chouliaraki 2005), as is that of newspaper editorials (e.g. Le 2003). But, in sympathy with, e.g., van Leeuwen and Jaworski (2003), we believe that a full understanding of mediated political culture needs to extend beyond this territory to consider a wider range of linguistic, visual and multimodal media genres. This article reviews the character of political sketchwriting in Britain as a basis for an assessment of its contribution to the national political mediascape. To do this, we draw on recent work in discourse analysis (Engebretson 2007) and sociolinguistics (Jaffe 2009) on the concept of ‘stance’. First, we illustrate the history of sketchwriting as a newspaper genre, tracing it back to the earliest days of political reportage in Britain. We then explore, with reference to a corpus of materials assembled during the British General Election campaign of 2010, how the stance-work of this genre is prototypically managed. Following this, we demonstrate the extension of such work to a wider range of political column discourse, under the general heading of ‘colour writing’.
Soliloquy for linguistic investigation
Authors: Hasegawa Yoko
Published: July 2011

This study advocates the investigation of soliloquy as a new approach in pragmatics research. The primary function of language is arguably to communicate with others, but language is also used to think. Thoughts constantly emerge in confluent streams of images, concepts, and ideas within the mind; to grasp and manage them, we need language. An analysis of soliloquy can open a window to a better understanding of our mental activities. Based on experimentally obtained soliloquy data in Japanese, three issues are considered: gendered language, the sentence-final particles ne and yo, and the ko-so-a demonstratives. It is demonstrated that soliloquy can shed new light on these widely studied topics. The conclusions reached include that (a) Japanese gendered language is more gendered than recent studies in the field claim, (b) ne and yo are used to monitor and control the speaker’s internal information processing, and (c) the deixis-anaphra distinction is not clear-cut.
Ya33 ‘give’ as a valency increaser in Jinghpo nuclear serialization
Authors: Peng Guozhen , Chappell Hilary
Published: July 2011

This paper analyzes serial verb constructions in Jinghpo formed by ya33 ‘give’, arguing that it has the function of a valency–increasing device in nuclear serialization: The use of ya33 allows the licensing of an additional beneficiary argument as a core argument to the lexical verb. In a new twist, however, on the evolution of give verbs, we demonstrate that the benefactive usage is extended to malefactive semantics in a distinct, derived structure, conditioned via the expression of possession, a type of malefactive that is not well-documented in current literature on this domain.

Furthermore, the existence of two distinct constructions for the benefactive and the malefactive in Jinghpo conforms to Radetzky & Smith’s claim (2010: 116) that this is an areal feature comprising the Indian subcontinent, Southeast and East Asia, and thus contrasts strongly with the conflation of both types of construction in many European languages.

Finally, we propose that the nuclear type of serialization, integral to the typological profile of Jinghpo, a SOV language, is a determining factor in the reanalysis of ya33. This feature is subsequently invoked to explain why the malefactive usage of ya33 constitutes a separate development from the well-attested pathway for give verbs leading to permissive causative verbs and adversative passive markers, which, while blocked in Jinghpo, is commonly found in many other East and Southeast Asian languages with core serialization.

The present analysis is based on the variety of Jinghpo spoken in Luxi County, Yunnan Province, China, using, in the main, natural discourse data collected in the field.
Bare classifiers and definiteness
Authors: Simpson Andrew , Soh Hooi Ling , Nomoto Hiroki
Published: July 2011

In some (numeral) classifier languages, a classifier may occur “bare” (i.e. with a noun but without a numeral) and the nominal expression receives a definite interpretation. On the basis of evidence from Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese, Cheng and Sybesma (1999) hypothesize that classifier languages exhibit either the bare classifier or the bare noun pattern for definite reference, but not both. To evaluate this hypothesis against more typologically diverse languages, a parallel elicitation study of three non-Sinitic languages was conducted — Vietnamese, Hmong and Bangla — as well as two geographical varieties of Cantonese, focusing on the definite interpretation of bare classifier and bare noun patterns. The results show that although the use of bare classifier patterns for definite reference is a cross-linguistically connected phenomenon, there is more variation than previously described in the alternation between definite bare classifier and bare noun patterns, and that the preference for one pattern over another may receive functional/ pragmatic explanations.
Tracing the origins of centrioles, cilia, and flagella
Authors: Carvalho-Santos Zita , Azimzadeh Juliette , Pereira-Leal José. B. , Bettencourt-Dias Mónica
Published: July 2011

Centrioles/basal bodies (CBBs) are microtubule-based cylindrical organelles that nucleate the formation of centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. CBBs, cilia, and flagella are ancestral structures; they are present in all major eukaryotic groups. Despite the conservation of their core structure, there is variability in their architecture, function, and biogenesis. Recent genomic and functional studies have provided insight into the evolution of the structure and function of these organelles.
STIM1L is a new actin-binding splice variant involved in fast repetitive Ca2+ release
Authors: Darbellay Basile , Arnaudeau Serge , Bader Charles R. , Konig Stephane , Bernheim Laurent
Published: July 2011

Cytosolic Ca2+ signals encoded by repetitive Ca2+ releases rely on two processes to refill Ca2+ stores: Ca2+ reuptake from the cytosol and activation of a Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). However, SOCE activation is a slow process. It is delayed by >30 s after store depletion because stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), the Ca2+ sensor of the intracellular stores, must form clusters and migrate to the membrane before being able to open Orai1, the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel. In this paper, we identify a new protein, STIM1L, that colocalizes with Orai1 Ca2+ channels and interacts with actin to form permanent clusters. This property allowed the immediate activation of SOCE, a characteristic required for generating repetitive Ca2+ signals with frequencies within seconds such as those frequently observed in excitable cells. STIM1L was expressed in several mammalian tissues, suggesting that many cell types rely on this Ca2+ sensor for their Ca2+ homeostasis and intracellular signaling.
Repeated cleavage failure does not establish centrosome amplification in untransformed human cells
Authors: Krzywicka-Racka Anna , Sluder Greenfield
Published: July 2011

We tested whether cleavage failure as a transient event establishes an incidence of centrosome amplification in cell populations. Five rounds of ∼30% cytochalasin-induced cleavage failure in untransformed human cell cultures did not establish centrosome amplification in the short or long terms. The progeny of binucleate cells progressively dropped out of the cell cycle and expressed p53/p21, and none divided a fourth time. We also tested whether cleavage failure established centrosome amplification in transformed cell populations. Tetraploid HCT116 p53−/− cells eventually all failed cleavage repeatedly and ceased proliferating. HeLa cells all died or arrested within four cell cycles. Chinese hamster ovary cells proliferated after cleavage failure, but five rounds of induced cleavage failure produced a modest increase in the incidence of centrosome amplification in the short term, which did not rise with more cycles of cleavage failure. This incidence dropped to close to control values in the long term despite a 2–6% rate of spontaneous cleavage failure in the progeny of tetraploid cells.
Refrigerated Dough Quality of Hard Red Spring Wheat: Effect of Genotype and Environment on Dough Syruping and Arabinoxylan Production
Authors: Simsek Senay , Whitney Kristin , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Mergoum Mohamed
Published: July 2011

Arabinoxylans (AX) are the main nonstarch polysaccharides found in wheat flour. Structural changes of AX in refrigerated dough are linked to deleterious effects on refrigerated dough quality during storage. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of cultivar and growing environment on dough syruping during refrigerated storage in relation to apparent xylanase activity and AX chemistry in hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Eight HRS cultivars that were grown at six locations over two years in North Dakota were evaluated for dough syruping during 15 days of refrigerated storage. When compared with genotypic effect, growing environment had a greater impact on apparent xylanase activity and dough syruping; they were found to have significant associations by log‐linear regression analysis. Specifically, wheat samples produced in a dry environment had lower apparent xylanase activity and degree of dough syruping than those from a wet environment. Some HRS cultivars were identified to be consistently lower in apparent xylanase activity and dough syruping across all growing environments, indicating that those cultivars had more stability over growing environment than other cultivars. These results indicate that certain cultivars that are grown in relatively dry environments in North Dakota are more suitable for use in refrigerated dough formulations.
Development strategy of the alternative format materials for disabled people in Korea
Authors: Yoon Hee‐Yoon , Kim Sin‐Young
Published: July 2011

Purpose

Disabled people have the same information needs as non‐disabled people. Nevertheless, only 5 per cent of the world's publishing output is made accessible in alternative formats for people who cannot access and use printed materials. This paper aims to suggest the strategy for a national development plan, role models for production and distribution of the alternative format materials for the equitable library service for Koreans with print disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a series of pre‐research studies and discusses arguments for and principles of an alternative format materials development plan in terms of protecting access to information, eliminating the knowledge and information gap, the role of libraries and their social responsibilities, the inadequacy of materials currently available, production plans at the national level, and the advent of an era of digital distribution.

Findings

This research presents a strategic development plan as well as a role division model concerning the production of alternative format materials based on the mid‐ to long‐term plan and a nation‐wide cooperative network centring on the National Library Support Center for Disabled People in Korea.

Originality/value

The strategic development plan and a role division model concerning the production of alternative format materials presented in this study will improve consciousness about the gap in information.
Analysis of dual secondary injection for thrust vectoring
Authors: Mohammadi Elham , Toloei Alireza
Published: July 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the flowfield structure and performance of dual secondary injection system for thrust vectoring in a convergent‐divergent nozzle and to compare it with a single secondary injection system.

Design/methodology/approach

Dual secondary injection for thrust vectoring in a convergent‐divergent nozzle is studied by solving three‐dimensional Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations by the means of Fluent. Realizable k‐ε turbulent model with enhanced wall‐treatment approach is used for viscous model. Density‐based solver and explicit scheme are employed in the computational model. In order to study the effect of injection location on the flowfield, distance between ports is considered as the key variable.

Findings

Results show that under some circumstances, dual secondary injection system is more effective than a single injection system with the same mass flow rate. The study shows that when the distance between two ports is 8.5 times of the injection port's diameter (or more) and in the same time the first injection port is at least 1 throat diameter far from the nozzle throat, this system will show a better performance. In addition, this system reduces the probability of bow shock impingement to the opposite wall and consequently, the side force production has less limitation.

Practical implications

Dual secondary injection for thrust vector control (SITVC) needs less secondary flow and therefore it makes less reduction in the primary thrust. It means that for a specific primary thrust, less mass fuel is needed which makes it more economic regarding the traditional SITVC systems.

Originality/value

The paper's value lies in using a three‐dimensional model to study the effect of two ports distance on SITVC performance and comparison among the performance of dual and single injections when there is an impingement.
Foreign object debris surveillance network for runway security
Authors: Chen Weishi , Xu Qunyu , Ning Huansheng , Wang Taosheng , Li Jing
Published: July 2011

Purpose

Foreign object debris (FOD) poses a significant hazard to aviation safety and brings huge economic losses to the aerospace industry due to aircraft damage and out‐of‐service delays. Different schemes and sensors have been utilized for FOD detection. This paper aims to look into a video‐based FOD detection system for airport runway security and propose a scheme for FOD surveillance network establishment.

Design/methodology/approach

The FOD detection algorithm for the system is analyzed in detail, including four steps of pre‐processing, background subtraction, post‐processing and FOD location.

Findings

The overall algorithm is applied to two sets of live video images. The results show that the algorithm is effective for FOD targets of different shades under different lighting conditions. The proposed system is also evaluated by the ground‐truth data collected at Nanyang Airport.

Practical implications

The runway security can be greatly increased by designing an affordable video‐based FOD detection system.

Originality/value

The paper presents critical techniques of video‐based FOD detection system. The scheme for FOD surveillance network, as a significant part of aviation risk management at airports, is applicable and extensible.
Integrated approach for rotor blade manufacturing cost estimate
Authors: Lin Than , Lee Jae‐Woo , Lwin Tun
Published: July 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to develop an integrated model for composite rotor blade manufacturing cost estimates at the conceptual design stage. The integrated model seeks to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback based on evaluating the manufacturing cost estimate for a new product design at the conceptual design stage. This paper describes the automated estimating process for design to manufacturing cost of composite rotor blade.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated approach is implemented for evaluating the manufacturing cost estimates. The paper develops each module of the computer‐aided parametric model generation, time estimation models for composite manufacturing processes and decision support system. Finally, process flow data integration is done for all the modules. An example for a complicated geometric rotor blade is shown in this research paper. The results are compared in different design parameters and discussed.

Findings

The data integration for this approach was built by using ModelCenter® software. It is easier and more robust to apply than the other proposed methods. The selection of design, material and manufacturing parameters is achieved by integrated model within a short period of time.

Practical implications

This paper provides an integrated concurrent approach for manufacturing cost evaluation of composite rotor blade. Manufacturing factors could be considered at the early stage of product development phase.

Originality/value

This paper suggests an effective and efficient way of evaluating the manufacturing cost at the conceptual stage of the design process. The concurrent engineering and integrated product process development approaches were addressed.
Impact of nutrition knowledge on behaviour towards health claims on foodstuffs
Authors: Lalor Fiona , Kennedy Jean , Wall Patrick G.
Published: July 2011

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether nutrition knowledge impacts on the credibility and purchase behaviour of foodstuffs that make health claims.

Design/methodology/approach

The UCD Food and Health Survey is a monthly online survey, which began in November 2008. In March 2009, participants were asked a series of questions pertaining to nutrition and health claims and 665 completed questionnaires were included for analysis. Participants' level of nutrition knowledge was measured using a combined and modified version of Parmenter and Wardle's General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (1999) and that of Hawkes and Nowak (1998). Perceived credibility was gauged using a semantic differential scale and the questionnaire was designed to also assess participants' purchasing behaviour of functional foods.

Findings

Females scored significantly higher than males for nutrition knowledge (p=0.004) but there was no significant difference in nutrition knowledge between age groups. “Reduces feelings of hunger” was deemed the most credible claim. With the exception of “This yogurt drink will strengthen your bones and teeth”, there was no difference in credibility between high and low nutrition knowledge groups. Health claims were more credible to participants when found on yogurt and breakfast cereal when compared with pasta and chocolate. Products claiming to reduce cholesterol were purchased more in the previous month than any of the other products and the same product was purchased statistically more often by those participants in the older age group.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of this study was that the panel were younger and more formally educated than the general public. They were also more likely to be female. The gender bias may be because the survey was food and health‐based and therefore may not have appealed to men as a more generally themed survey might have done. The results of this study should be considered therefore with this limitation in mind.

Practical implications

People do not consider products with health claims to be a uniform category of foodstuffs and participants' level of nutrition knowledge does not have a significant impact on their behaviour towards products carrying health claims.

Originality/value

Knowledge of nutrition does not impact on people's reactions to products with health claims and different foods demonstrate different levels of credibility as carriers for health claims.