bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wood-Ash as Partial Replacement to Cement on Performance of Concrete
Authors: Vijay Kunamineni , Hari Babu Korrakuti , Vidya Indrasena Yarlagadda
Published: August 2021

Concrete is a mixer of various materials. These materials include water, cement, and aggregates respectively. The making of cement produces enormousquantity of greenhouse emissions. There is a need to develop substitute materials for cement. It reduces both greenhouse emissions and the cost of concrete. In this work, an endeavor has been made to utilize wood-ash as a substitute material to cement. The effect of wood-ash as a alternative to cement on the performance of concrete has been studied. Wood is a sustainable source for energy and eco-amiable material. The cement has been replaced with wood ash by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and studied for the performance of concrete. Results confirm that the wood-ash addition as a partial alternative to cement improves the overall performance of concrete.
A Review article on Construction, Parametric Study and Settlement Behavior of Stone Column
Authors: Srijan  , Gupta A.K.
Published: August 2021

The various geotechnical construction technique is being primarily used of the ground improvement. The current advancement of industrial and urban growth and also the need for the wider access to the land have resulted in the development of various soil improvement methods. Stone column happens to be one among the best possible available methods for the improvement of soft/weak soil. This paper tries to indicate the review of the ground improvement by one of the existing method of stone column from the already present literature and standards. In this method, the soft soil is being enforced with a column of stone which is installed in the system. The high permeability of the stone column’s material portion not only increases the soil’s load carrying capability, but also decreases soil settlement, up to a certain extent and thus minimizes the settlement to occur after the construction. In order to reach this goal, various essential characteristics of stone columns have been considered in relation to design parameters.
FTIR Analysis of Nanomodified Cement Concrete Incorporating Nano Silica and Waste Marble Dust
Authors: Singh Kashyap Vikram , Agrawal Utkarsh , Arora Karanpreet , Sancheti Gaurav
Published: August 2021

In present study, different compositions of concrete mixes with marble dust and nano-silica have been prepared and studied with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate different phases formed during hydration reaction. Formation and extent of phases formed during hydration reaction occurring for different curing days can be successfully correlated with the shifting of FTIR bands in various concrete samples. FTIR results demonstrate the shifting in peaks in presence of marble dust and nano-silica as compared to control mix. Decrease in intensity of Raman bands at 1636 and 3400-3650 cm−1with curing time was observed due to hydration of C3S and C2S. The bands observed at 1475 and 890 cm-1also shift towards lower wave number side 1450-1460 cm−1with increasing nano-silica content. These peaks are correlated with extent of carbonation which gets decreased in the presence of nano-silica. In addition to this, bands corresponding to ettringite, monosulphate and C-S-H molecules at 1180, 1120 and 980 cm−1 also shift towards lower number side with increase in concentration of nano-silica and marble dust.
Pavement Deterioration Analysis for Rural Roads using HDM-4
Authors: Anand Sanchit , Gaur Arun , Singh Vaishnavi , Sharma Abhinav
Published: August 2021

Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) is comprised of decision-making tools used to assess the economic, social, and environmental viability of project development proposals to arrive at the best investment decisions. The entire system is built on various functions of pavement performing under numerous structural and environmental influences. The present work aims to study pavement distress and deteriorations prevailing on rural roads. At each stage, the road deterioration models predict impacts of distress at different rates and scenarios over each of the study sections. The analysis presents alternative maintenance and improvement strategies that could be implemented judiciously under scheduled or responsive routine assessments of road performance. Moreover, the analysis and output data for distress projection as obtained from HDM-4 is also validated from the existing pavement deterioration condition of the selected sections. The comparison of deterioration before and after works and the economic indicators delineated that Overlay for rural road sections is considered to be the most suitable alternative possible among others. Furthermore, the validation of the deterioration levels as predicted through HDM-4 indicates very low variation in the range of 2%-10% from the existing pavement deterioration levels. The results of this study are useful for developing pavement maintenance management strategies for rural roads network with similar characteristics.
Eco-friendly Green Corrosion inhibitors in Chloride Contaminated Natural Sea-Water: A review
Authors: Pareek Shubhra , Sharma Sachin , Behera Debasis
Published: August 2021

Generally, the metallic equipment is fabricated from copper metal due to its enormous application in various industries. Nevertheless, many applications of copper are confined just because it communicates with aggressive chloride ion present in seawater. The behavior of chloride ion accelerates corrosivity, for example, crevice and pitting corrosion initiation, and their circulation on metal surface and lessen the efficacy of the metal by reducing its life span. Notwithstanding, this review paper explicitly examines eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors (CI) in chloride contaminated Natural sea-water for the security of ‘copper metal’ from corrosion. In this review article, the emphasis has been given to green inhibitors owing to better protection ability, effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. The literature furnishes the recognition of the different behavior of green inhibitors and their execution in chloride contaminated marine environment with their polarization efficiencies.
A Review: Graphene Modified Polymer Coatings For Corrosion Protection
Authors: Kumari Ola Saraswati , Priyanka  , Soni Saloni , Dhayal Veena , Singh Shekhawat Dalip
Published: August 2021

Environmental and other chemical factors lead to decimated corrosive behaviour of metallic materials that is a severe hazard and an emerging challenge for times. Different protection strategies have been proposed to suppress this problem and among them graphene based coatings are considered to be great technique against corrosive behaviour because of its hydrophobic properties and ability to provide corrosion resistance of composite material. The incorporation of functional nanoparticles can provide the corrosion resistance to mild steel. It regarded a promising nonmaterial in corrosion protection. Present written text focuses on the preventive applications of graphene based nanomaterials, nanocomposites, polymeric coating techniques and their methods to fight the corrosive act of steel.
Lime-cement columns with PVDs for embankment on soft consolidating soil
Authors: Prakash K. G. , Krishnamoorthy A.
Published: August 2021

The effectiveness of providing lime-cement (LC) columns along with Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) on the stability of embankment constructed on soft consolidation soil is investigated. Providing LC columns or PVDs separately or combining LC columns with PVDs is compared. Two-dimensional plane strain finite element method is used for the analysis. The parameters considered for the study are the variation of settlement and excess pore water pressure at various time intervals during the consolidation of foundation soil. From this study, it is concluded that, LC columns along with PVDs are the most effective technique compared to providing LC columns or PVDs separately to reduce both the displacement and excess pore water pressure for the embankment constructed on soft consolidating soil.
Defining Road Widths in Neighborhoods – An Important Characteristic for Planning Sustainable Communities
Authors: Nishant Saxena Ar. , Neha Saxena Ar.
Published: August 2021

Determining road widths while developing contemporary neighborhoods is a critical concern for planners. Though regulatory bodies have determined several standards and norms for road widths of residential communities, their suitability could be interrogated in the context of sustainable developments.

A Sustainable road could be one which is not overly broad or narrow; which not only caters the traffic needs of the present day lifestyles but of the future generations too, have efficient drainage system, have potential to cater to street parking, encourage pedestrian usage and other significant features. This paper aims to discuss planning considerations that are important while deciding on suitable road widths in a residential neighbourhood.
Development of Regression Model to Predicting Yield Strength for Different Steel Grades
Authors: Singh Tumrate Charanjeet , Roy Chowdhury Shambo , Mishra Dhaneshwar
Published: August 2021

Yield strength of steel is an important property in designing a steel component. The maximum load that material can sustain without undergoing permanent deformation is represented by yield strength. A robust model is purposed, which can accurately predict the yield strength of different steel grades, based on the varying chemical composition of steel from the employed database. The dataset consisting of chemical composition and experimental yield strength of steel rods from a collapsed building sites. MATLAB® was used to generate a regression model such as multivariate regression and linear regression, to predict the yield strength values for different steel grades. A comparative study among the different regression models for RMS error, Max error, and highest accuracy is discussed in this paper. [copyright information to be updated in production process]
The politics of green and blue space availability: Case of Bhopal
Authors: Saba Bushra , Yadav Jyoti
Published: August 2021

The study elaborates Bhopal’s urbanity to accessible Green and Blue spaces in the city that has remained latent in equitable spatial distribution. Routinized silting and episodic encroachment into the major lakes of the city maligns the guidelines under the rubric of National Green Tribunal (NGT). In 2014, NGT set a buffer mark of 300m for upper lake which was brought down to 50m in 2018. Similarly for Kaliasote reservoir, the buffer set was 200m, now it is 33m. In the past 20 years, the green cover in the city has shrunk from 66 percent to just 22 percent and is expected to reduce further to a frightening 4.1 percent by 2030. The study conveys illustrative analysis and interpretations have led to the underlining of facts and the need of the revision and recommendation in existent, projected and the proposed spatial plans.
Performance of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Venkateswara Rao A. , Achyutha Kumar Reddy M.
Published: August 2021

Fire accidents are common in buildings due to several reasons and also Aircraft pavements are also exposed to high temperatures during takeoff and landing of Aircrafts and also, they are exposed to high temperatures during summer. Hence it is necessary to know the behaviour of concrete at elevated temperatures. This study presents the experimental results of the effect of temperature on the strength in compression of M45 grade concrete. A total of 42 cubes were cast, with mix proportions of 1:1.69: 2.626 cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate and 0.43 as water cement ratio for these investigations. The specimens are removed from moulds kept for curing in water for age of 7 and 28 days. At desired age, the specimens are removed from curing tank and exposed to various temperatures for 1 hour duration and tested in compression at room and elevated temperatures of 27, 50 to 300°C at intervals of 50°C. The results have revealed that the strength has been increased with in increase in temperature up to 250°C and decreased at 300°C.
Applications of Microbes in Bioremediation of Point Source Pollutants from Wastewater
Authors: Naz Aliya , Chowdhury Abhiroop , Mishra Brijesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Water pollution is the major concern of this era. Industrial developments, agriculture patterns, construction processes and unsustainable mining have contributed to increased level of pollutants in most of the fresh water bodies across the globe. This review categorizes different sources of water pollution and focuses on remediation of wastewater through microbial applications. The point source pollutants can be remediated using ‘at source’ microbial bioreactor installations. This work concludes that hybrid biofilm reactors and membrane bioreactors can be utilize for the removal of micro-pollutants. However, anaerobic bioreactors are more efficient in treating wastewater having high concentration of organic matter.
Design Interventions in Bell Metal at Ektaal Cluster
Authors: Jagatramka Richa , Prasad Raunak
Published: August 2021

Revitalization of crafts is widely talked about as the need of time for the survival of crafts and crafts people, especially in India. Crafts are pertaining to practices of making objects with indigenous knowledge passed down from generations. In a country like India crafts make the backbone of the economy as majority of the population has their primary mode of income. Today, globalization and industrialization has caused a setback in crafts as there are cheaper alternatives available for the same in the market. Employment opportunities have paved way for migration of craftsmen to other work sectors. It is necessary for revitalize the crafts sector to avoid loss of indigenous knowledge and practice. This process of metal casting has been used for over 4000yrs in India and is still practiced in major clusters. The major clusters that practice bell metal casting in Chhattisgarh are in Bastar, Kondagaon, Surguja and Ektaal (Raigarh). Both Bastar and Kondagaon are well established at international levels, creating products infused with different materials and crafts such as wrought iron. Ektaal is comparatively backward, the artisans are not promoted at a large scale at international level but are slowly making their mark at the global market. In this paper we will discuss about the Interventions at Ektaal cluster, which were deemed necessary for the craft to survive in the present market conditions. The main objective is to understand the impact of revitalization in the cluster, through various social, technological and design interventions by Government scheme and organizations. The method adapted for the study is based on literature and one to one physical survey of craftspeople, and government officials. The study established the issues, impacts and setbacks of the technology and design interventions.
Ecosystem Based Disaster Risk Reduction at Indian Sundarbans: A Lesson Learned from AMPHAN Supercyclone
Authors: Chowdhury Abhiroop , Naz Aliya , Iyer Aparna Shankar , Bhattacharyya Santanu
Published: August 2021

Ecosystem based Disaster Risk reduction is the sustainable, green method to minimize cyclone damages at tropical coasts. As a part of a climate change resilience project initiated in 2012, 102 hectare of multispecies mangrove plantation was established at eastern corner of Indian Sundarbans. The AMPHAN supercyclone, have caused immeasurable destruction in the region, between 16-21st May, 2020. This research brings forward the field observations on effectiveness of community managed mangrove plantation in ameliorating disaster impacts. Study revealed that mangrove bio-shield minimized property damage during the cyclone by reducing flooding through earthen embankment stabilization and managing the wind speed, direction.
A Study on Characteristics of Vehicular Lateral Position on Rural Highways
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Rajesh Vidya , Panda Rajesh Kumar , Moses Santhakumar S.
Published: August 2021

Many pieces of research have concentrated on traffic speed, time headway, space headway, and so on under non-lane-based heterogeneous traffic streams. In contrast, limited studies have been conducted for analyzing and modeling the vehicular lateral position. The lateral position of vehicles plays an equally vital role in the development of microscopic models. Moreover, the vehicle characteristics such as the lateral position and speed are considered independent in the traffic simulation modeling, ignoring their correlation. This study investigates the relationship between the lateral position of vehicles with traffic speed on rural highways. For this purpose, the traffic data related to different vehicles’ lateral positions and speed were collected using an infra-red sensor instrument from the National Highways in India. The relationship of vehicles’ lateral position with the traffic speeds under different ranges is analyzed to understand their dependence. The study results show that the relationship between vehicles’ lateral position is significantly associated with the traffic speed. The study findings help formulate a microscopic simulation model to reproduce accurate maneuvering in the traffic stream, which is useful for analyzing traffic characteristics.
Correlation Study for the Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Sanganer Tehsil, Jaipur City, Rajasthan
Authors: Pratap Singh Surya , Singhvi Shlok , Gupta Rahul , Gaur R.C. , Sharma M.K.
Published: August 2021

The current study was conducted to assess the quality of groundwater of Sanganer Tehsil of Jaipur City (Rajasthan), India. For the study, samples from 46 villages/area were collected from publically used hand pumps and bore wells. Correlations between physicochemical parameters were also investigated. The samples underwent bacteriological examination as well as physiochemical analysis of parameters which included Chlorides, Fluorides, Nitrates and Totally Dissolved Solids. When compared to the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) norms for potable water, the results showed that the water of many villages was not potable. The water quality of many villages failed the guidelines for bacteriological quality and required treatment to be used as drinking water.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of a Thermo-halotolerant Aeribacillus Pallidus SHJP4, from the Arid Region of Rajasthan
Authors: Parihar Jagdish , Bagaria Ashima
Published: August 2021

The bacterial strain SHJP4 was isolated from the soil samples of arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. SHJP4 experimentally confirmed to be a gram positive, rod shaped, aerobic, motile and endospore forming. The optimum growth was seen at 55°C and at alkaline pH. The strain was able to adapt itself in the medium containing 5% NaCl. The DNA was isolated from the culture and checked on 1.2% agarose gel. After amplification and sequencing by 16S rRNA the strain was identified as Aeribacillus pallidus based on nucleotide homology and Phylogenetic analysis and Bayesian. The strain SHJP4 is deposited to NCBI with accession number-MK296526.
Evaluation on Risk Assessment on Indoor Air Pollution: A Case Study of Delhi-NCR Region
Authors: Singh Shaurya , Kumar Tarun , Singh Davinder
Published: August 2021

The study is focused at delineating the major causes of air pollutants in Delhi NCR region in different aspects specifically in terms of computation of Air Quality index. The major air eight pollutants are considered for calculation of Air Quality index i.e. CO, NO., SO2, PM2.5, PM10, O3, NH3, and Pb. The prediction of air pollution is performed in two phases. The first phase computes the Air Quality Index values for all the pollutants in a day. The second phase computes threshold value of Air Quality Index as an average of previous values. The air pollution for the days in chosen month is predicted by comparing the threshold value with the average of the previous two-month values. A computer aided program is drafted and compiled on JAVA programming language of Oracle Corporation using BlueJ development environment in order to compute the Air Quality index. The program uses pollutant level values user enters and it analyses the different levels for pollutants and thereafter computes the Air Quality index level of every pollutant and tells the prominent pollutants along with its final computed value. The AQI generated can be used to analyse the level of exposures a person faces in day-to-day life and how remedies can be opted to cure the exposure towards indoor air pollution. The collected pollutants data and computed Air Quality index shows that the people in DELHI-NCR region are exposed to huge air pollution and it is relevant to the indoor air quality also.

The study lessening that the air contaminations at indoor, individuals should utilise the clean energies and an improvement should be done in ovens to consume the fuel productively and vent outflows to the outside. Air cleaners that can improve the air quality productively can be helpful to cop up the scenario.
The study of variation of PM10 concentrations with meteorological conditions in ambient air
Authors: Shaik Eennu A. , Kavuri N.C. , Aravindan A.
Published: August 2021

A review of the annual PM10 concentrations over 3 years showed the study area was subjected to severe particulate pollution. Meteorological data of Hyderabad city obtained from Central Pollution Control board (CPCB) at ICRSAT monitoring station. Investigations of daily PM10 concentration variation with the meteorological records were done it was identified that a unique aspect of the monsoon climate, changes in wind direction, and wind speed mainly governs the general trend of concentration of PM10 within each year. The results in this study are obtained by graphical representation of the collected data.
Landslide hazard zonation mapping using frequency ratio and relative effect models in Katteri macro watershed Nilgiris district, Tamilnadu
Authors: Rajakumar C. , Reddybabu G. , Kodanda Rama Rao P.
Published: August 2021

Present analysis is endeavored in Kattery macro watershed, Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, Republic of India wherever a serious landslide happened. totally different thematic maps relating landslide hazard studies were established from the toposheets and Remote Sensing satellite symbolisms utilizing Geographical system (GIS). Landslide hazard zonation map of Kattery macro watershed was ready by distribution correct weights and ranks for numerous themes. The north eastern and south-western part of Kattery macro watershed is additional susceptible to landslides and also the south-eastern part is a smaller amount vulnerable.
Analysis and design of axially loaded columns with ternary mineral admixtures and glass fiber for sustainable concrete composite
Authors: Badrinath N , Bramha Chari Kanneganti J
Published: August 2021

Concrete is a composition of cement, aggregates, and H2O. An increase in the usage of cement for concrete leads to an increase in CO2 emissions and non-renewable resource usage is also increasing, which is very problematic for future generations. So, to minimize the CO2emission which is released from the cement, the cement should be replaced by the mineral admixtures. In this research Fly ash and GGBS are used in two different grades of concrete i.e., M20-Ordinary Concrete, M40-Standard Concrete by the weight of cement. The replacement of fly ash and GGBS proportions are CM (0:100), RM (25:25:50), these proportions are followed in the above two grades of concrete. To enhance the performance of research work, columns are using as casting specimens. The dimensions of the columns are 1000mm × 150mm × 150mm. The axially loaded column is tested under the loading frame for an axial compressive load. Respectively 0.5% of glass fiber is added to the proportional mix by volume of concrete for two different grades of concrete, to enhance the strength parameters of the concrete and to decrease the cracks that are obtained on the specimen. The final experimental results are compared with the analytical results with Finite Element Analysis (FEM).
An experimental study on influence of graphene oxide in silica fume blended concrete
Authors: Navya Charitha T. , Anil Kumar M. , Shyam Chamberlin K.
Published: August 2021

Micro cracks in concrete is a prevalent problem which contributes to the deterioration of concrete over the course of time. Considering the micro scale of size that these cracks possess, many developments were made in recent days where nano particles like nano-silica and other carbon nano materials like graphene which is a wonder material used to make a stronger,greener concrete are being employed in the manufacture of concrete to build resistance against these cracks and their further propagation. This paper reports the influence of graphene oxide incorporated in silica fume blended concrete at different doses the dosage of graphene oxide was 0.03% and 0.05%. Two types of mixes are developed by the inclusion of graphene oxide (GO) and silica fume (SF) which are named as SF concrete, GO in SF blended concrete; these results were compared with the conventional concrete. The current study focuses on the influence of GO Mechanical properties, XRD analysis, and Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) is performed to measure the chloride resistance of silica fume-based graphene oxide concrete. The mechanical properties and chloride ion permeability with inclusion of 0.03% GO have shown better results compared to the other mixes. From the XRD analysis it has been noticed that the peak intensity at 26° for 0.03% GO concrete mix is higher than silica fume induced concrete mix.
Mechanical Properties of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Made Concrete
Authors: Lal Jain Kishan , Singh Rajawat Lokendra , Sancheti Gaurav
Published: August 2021

In recent scenarios, waste management is a great concern for all countries. Other side manufacturing industries of cement is produced carbon-dioxide in the environment. The utilization of industrial waste as a by-product of cement is a great opportunity for researchers. Keeping this thing in mind used industrial waste of iron factories as an alternative to cement in concrete. This investigation used waste ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) acquired from iron industries. The GGBFS used as a binder and partial cement replacing material in concrete with 1% superplasticizer and a constant 0.48 w/c ratio. GGBFS used as 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% in interval of 2.5% by weight of cement. Mechanical behavior evaluated in terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. From the results, it is detected compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength for GGBFS mix was better to compare to control concrete. Maximum compressive strength was achieved at 10% replacement of cement with GGBFS. Overall performance of GGBFS made concrete is satisfactory and it can be recommended for the production of sustainable concrete.
Influence of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on the Workability of Concrete
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Jain Bhupesh , Sancheti Gaurav
Published: August 2021

Rice husk ash (RHA) is the promising pozzolanic material which can be used with Portland cement in a specific proportion to produce durable concrete and with reduced impact of cement industry on environment. Effect of RHA on the fresh properties (i.e., Workability) of concrete has been studied. Workability means the ease with which the concrete can be placed and compacted without segregation. Thus, to produce a high-quality concrete, its workability is very important factor. To measure the workability of concrete slump test is the most common test that is performed. This test gives the general idea that the mix prepared is harsh, or flowable. In this study, RHA was added to concrete in different proportion as a binder. Results reveals that RHA can be used as a binder in sustainable construction.
Effects of Extreme Climate Change in 2016 and Its Correlation with EWH Variability in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Safri Yanti , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara
Published: August 2021

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission, which is dedicated specifically to the Earth’s gravity change monitoring, also can be used to observe water mass variations. GRACE data is provided through temporal mass variations, primarily water volume variations such as surface water and groundwater changes. GRACE satellite data can be obtained in monthly spherical harmonics coefficients depicting the change of surface mass density. This study investigates the effects of extreme climate change during 2016 in Indonesia by utilizing the GRACE data. Here, the surface mass density change is converted into equivalent water height (EWH). Since the amount of rainfall in Indonesia indirectly dominates the water mass variability, the EWH is then compared with the precipitation over the same period of this study. The result showed that during 2016, the highest and lowest EWH was presented in August with the highest value of 23.527 cm over the Aceh region and the lowest EWH of 0.665 cm over the Nusa Tenggara region. The most increased precipitation during 2016 is in the Kalimantan region, with a value of 0.610 mm/hr in February. The lowest one is in the Nusa Tenggara region, with a value of 0.009 mm/hr in August. For comparison with the EWH, the precipitation rates were converted into monthly precipitation in cm. The correlations between EWH and precipitations variabilities showed different results in different study zones, with the highest correlation in zone 6, which covers North Kalimantan. In comparison, the lowest correlation occurred in zone 25, which covers Yamdena and Tragan islands_ area in the Moluccas
Review on electrochemical energy storage technology in power system and relevant materials
Authors: Ruopeng Zhang , Shouhong Xue , Qing Zhi , Chunran Song , Huanwei Wang
Published: August 2021

The coordinated development of energy storage technology and renewable energy is key to promote the green development in power system. Due to the cost reduction and superior performances of electrochemical energy storage technologies, more and more related demonstration projects have been constructed in recent years. The paper focuses on several electrochemical energy storage technologies, introduces their technical characteristics, application occasions and research progress of relevant materials in details. Finally, development trends of energy storage technology in the future are discussed and prospected based on the actual situations in the west of Inner Mongolia.
Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Agricultural Green Innovation
Authors: Sun Xiaocheng , Wang Jiaqiu
Published: August 2021

In the context of the transformation of China’s agricultural innovation, green innovation plays an active and important role in saving energy and resources, reducing environmental pollution, and improving ecological quality. Based on this, this article summarizes and analyzes the existing literature, sorts out the relationship between environmental regulation and agricultural green innovation, summarizes the positive role of agricultural environmental regulation in promoting agricultural green innovation investment, and proposes to promote agricultural green innovation and improve environmental regulation efficiency Related suggestions in order to improve the efficiency of environmental regulation and promote the better development of agriculture.
Study on Characteristics and Differences of Spatial Structure of Forest Parks in Chongqing
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Ming Qingzhong
Published: August 2021

Spatial features of forest parks in Chongqing, the object of study, have been analyzed based on the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, imbalance index, Gini coefficient, kernel density, among others, and the ArcGIS analysis software in order to achieve a better ecological support function of forest parks in protecting the natural ecological environment and driving the sustainable economic and social development of Chongqing. The results show that forest parks in Chongqing are randomly distributed on the whole, those in the main urban area distributed with weak agglomeration, those in the urban agglomeration in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in northeast Chongqing and in the urban agglomeration in the Wuling mountainous area in southeast Chongqing evenly distributed; forest parks in Chongqing, with poor balance of distribution, are mainly distributed in the main urban area; their kernel density is high in the center and low at both wings, and the sequence in terms of kernel density is: main urban area > urban agglomeration in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in northeast Chongqing > urban agglomeration in the Wuling mountainous area in southeast Chongqing.
NDVI-based vegetation in response to climate factors based on neighborhood association effect: A case study in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Meng Xiaoliang , Wu Kaicheng , Gao Wang
Published: August 2021

With the combination of 2014-2018 MODIS NDVI products and climate data (precipitation and temperature) in Inner Mongolia, China, this study aims to explore and verify the effectiveness of incorporating neighborhood association effect in vegetation index modeling. A neighborhood statistical method based on Moore neighborhood was applied to update the original spatial datasets. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was constructed to compare the model accuracy between original data and updated data. The GWR models were tested under different neighborhood sizes (3 × 3, 5 × 5, 7 × 7, 9 × 9, and 11 × 11 Moore neighborhood sizes). Our work compared the results of different GWR models and the original GWR model that did not consider neighborhood association effect. The results indicated that considering neighborhood association effect could improve GWR model accuracy substantially. In addition, the neighborhood sizes proved to be important factors for measuring neighborhood association effect. We conclude that neighborhood association effect should be integrated to understand vegetation changing trajectory based on climate factors.
Community structure of two rotifer populations and ecological assessment of water quality in Miyun Reservoir
Authors: Qu Jiangqi , Xu Runjing , Yang Haochen , Li Yichao , Shao Xudong , Liu Qing , Zhang Qingjing
Published: August 2021

In order to understand the changes in the ecological environment of Miyun Reservoir after the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, our study investigated the changes in the composition and structure of two indicator species in the Miyun Reservoir and applied the rotifer biological assessment method to analyse the changes of water ecological environment. Our results showed that a total of 10 species of the genera Trichocerca and Brachionus were identified during the investigation with an average annual abundance of 542.124 ind./L and 102.68 ind./L, respectively. Among them, T. pusilla and T. cylindrica were the dominant species of the genus Trichocerca, and the majority of Brachionus species were B. diversicornis, B. angularis, B. caudatus. Variance results showed that there were significant differences in the abundance of these two rotifer pupations at different inter-annual and spatial scales during the survey. The biological evaluation indicated that the water quality has gradually changed from eutrophication to oligotrophication after the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and the ecological environment was maintained well. Our results will provide necessary ecological parameters for water environment protection and ecological safety management of Miyun Reservoir.
Can I Buy My Health? A Genetically Informed Study of Socioeconomic Status and Health
Authors: Robinette Jennifer W , Beam Christopher R , Gruenewald Tara L
Published: August 2021

Background

A large literature demonstrates associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, including physiological health and well-being. Moreover, gender differences are often observed among measures of both SES and health. However, relationships between SES and health are sometimes questioned given the lack of true experiments, and the potential biological and SES mechanisms explaining gender differences in health are rarely examined simultaneously.

Purpose

To use a national sample of twins to investigate lifetime socioeconomic adversity and a measure of physiological dysregulation separately by sex.

Methods

Using the twin sample in the second wave of the Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS II), biometric regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the established SES-physiological health association is observed among twins both before and after adjusting for potential familial-level confounds (additive genetic and shared environmental influences that may underly the SES-health link), and whether this association differs among men and women.

Results

Although individuals with less socioeconomic adversity over the lifespan exhibited less physiological dysregulation among this sample of twins, this association only persisted among male twins after adjusting for familial influences.

Conclusions

Findings from the present study suggest that, particularly for men, links between socioeconomic adversity and health are not spurious or better explained by additive genetic or early shared environmental influences. Furthermore, gender-specific role demands may create differential associations between SES and health.
Early Response (2018–2020) to the Threat of Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Pennsylvania
Authors: Urban Julie M , Calvin Dennis , Hills-Stevenson Jillian
Published: August 2021

Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is an invasive planthopper first detected in the United States in one county in Pennsylvania in September 2014. As of October 2020, 43 counties in nine states are under quarantine due to the presence of SLF in those areas, and it has been detected in 10 additional states. The greatest economic impacts from SLF have been reported from grape growers, nurseries, and Christmas tree growers, and it is considered a nuisance pest by residents. Because this insect feeds on over 70 species of herbaceous and woody trees and plants, it has the potential to cause wide ranging damage across agricultural, urban, suburban, and forested landscapes. Due to these widespread impacts, SLF management has demanded cooperation at local, state, regional, and national levels. However, the immediate response to the threat of SLF in Pennsylvania during the early phases of the infestation was a catalyst for initiating these efforts, and this response was coordinated via a partnership between the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and the Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences. The history of SLF in the United States is recounted, highlighting the early priorities that emerged. The resulting actions taken in 2018–2020 in response to these priorities, which involved research, Extension, and public awareness are summarized, and areas in which improvements are needed that have been identified are discussed.
Exposure to Primary Air Pollutants Generated by Highway Traffic and Daily Mortality Risk in Near-Road Communities: A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Filigrana Paola , Milando Chad , Batterman Stuart , Levy Jonathan I , Mukherjee Bhramar , Pedde Meredith , Szpiro Adam A , Adar Sara D
Published: August 2021

Most epidemiologic studies fail to capture the impact of spatiotemporal fluctuations in traffic on exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in the near-road population. Using a case-crossover design and the Research LINE source (R-LINE) dispersion model with spatiotemporally resolved highway traffic data, we quantified associations between primary pollutants generated by highway traffic—particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and black carbon (BC)—and daily nonaccidental, respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular mortality among persons who had resided within 1 km (0.6 mile) of major highways in the Puget Sound area of Washington State between 2009 and 2013. We estimated these associations using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for time-varying covariates. Although highly resolved modeled concentrations of PM2.5, NOx, and BC from highway traffic in the hours before death were used, we found no evidence of an association between mortality and the preceding 24-hour average PM2.5 exposure (odds ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.02) or exposure during shorter averaging periods. This work did not support the hypothesis that mortality risk was meaningfully higher with greater exposures to PM2.5, NOx, and BC from highways in near-road populations, though we did incorporate a novel approach to estimate exposure to traffic-generated air pollution based on detailed traffic congestion data.
Does Blood Pressure Variability Affect Hypertension Development in Prehypertensive Patients?
Authors: Özkan Gülsüm , Ulusoy Şükrü , Arıcı Mustafa , Derici Ülver , Akpolat T , Şengül Şule , Yılmaz Rahmi , Ertürk Şehsuvar , Arınsoy Turgay , Değer Serpil Müge , Erdem Yunus
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with end organ damage and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. Prehypertensive patients frequently develop hypertension (HT). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of BPV on the development of HT.

METHODS

Two hundred and seven prehypertensive patients from the Cappadocia cohort were monitored over 2 years, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), office BP, and home BP measurements were subsequently performed at 4- to 6-month intervals. BPV was calculated as average real variability (ARV) from 24-h ABPM data, home BP, and office BP measurements at first visit. The relationship was evaluated between baseline ARV and the development of HT.

RESULTS

HT was diagnosed in 25.60% of subjects. Baseline 24-hour ABPM systolic blood pressure (SBP)ARV and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)ARV and home SBPARV were significantly higher in patients who developed HT than the other patients (P 0.006, 0.001 and 0.006, respectively). Baseline 24-hour ABPM SBPARV and home SBPARV exceeding the 90th percentile were identified as parameters affecting development of HT at logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, our prospective observational cohort study showed that short-term BPV in particular can predict the development of HT in the prehypertensive population.
Spatial transcriptomics analysis of uterine gene expression in enhancer of zeste homolog 2 conditional knockout mice†
Authors: Mesa Ana M , Mao Jiude , Medrano Theresa I , Bivens Nathan J , Jurkevich Alexander , Tuteja Geetu , Cooke Paul S , Rosenfeld Cheryl S
Published: August 2021

Histone proteins undergo various modifications that alter chromatin structure, including addition of methyl groups. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine residue 27, and thereby suppresses gene expression. EZH2 plays integral roles in the uterus and other reproductive organs. We have previously shown that conditional deletion of uterine EZH2 results in increased proliferation of luminal and glandular epithelial cells, and RNA-seq analyses reveal several uterine transcriptomic changes in Ezh2 conditional (c) knockout (KO) mice that can affect estrogen signaling pathways. To pinpoint the origin of such gene expression changes, we used the recently developed spatial transcriptomics (ST) method with the hypotheses that Ezh2cKO mice would predominantly demonstrate changes in epithelial cells and/or ablation of this gene would disrupt normal epithelial/stromal gene expression patterns. Uteri were collected from ovariectomized adult WT and Ezh2cKO mice and analyzed by ST. Asb4, Cxcl14, Dio2, and Igfbp5 were increased, Sult1d1, Mt3, and Lcn2 were reduced in Ezh2cKO uterine epithelium vs. WT epithelium. For Ezh2cKO uterine stroma, differentially expressed key hub genes included Cald1, Fbln1, Myh11, Acta2, and Tagln. Conditional loss of uterine Ezh2 also appears to shift the balance of gene expression profiles in epithelial vs. stromal tissue toward uterine epithelial cell and gland development and proliferation, consistent with uterine gland hyperplasia in these mice. Current findings provide further insight into how EZH2 may selectively affect uterine epithelial and stromal compartments. Additionally, these transcriptome data might provide mechanistic understanding and valuable biomarkers for human endometrial disorders with epigenetic underpinnings.
The Impact Of Light Pollution On Bats Varies According To Foraging Guild And Habitat Context
Authors: Voigt Christian C , Dekker Jasja , Fritze Marcus , Gazaryan Suren , Hölker Franz , Jones Gareth , Lewanzik Daniel , Limpens Herman J G A , Mathews Fiona , Rydell Jens , Spoelstra Kamiel , Zagmajster Maja
Published: August 2021

We Review How Different Bat Guilds Respond To Artificial Light At Night (Alan) And Assess How The Impacts Can Vary According To Ecological Context. All Studied European Species Respond Negatively To Alan Close To Roosts And Drinking Sites, And The Impacts Occur Across A Wide Range Of Light Colors And Intensities. Most Bat Species Are Sensitive To Alan When Commuting And Foraging. Although Narrow-Space-Foraging Bat Species Consistently Avoid Alan When Foraging, Open And Edge-Space-Foraging Species May Exploit Insects Lured By Alan. Therefore, Alan Acts As An Environmental Filter On Bat Assemblages. Considering The Detrimental Effect Of Alan On Insects, We Conclude That Alan Probably Has Negative Impacts On All Bat Species, Even On Those Foraging At Streetlights. The Sprawl Of Alan May Be A Key Factor Driving The Decline Of Bat Diversity Globally, And The Current Trajectory Of Increasing Alan Is Therefore Of Considerable Concern For Bat Conservation.
O1 Elevated expression level of capillary morphogenesis gene 2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell is associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis
Authors: Fang Ziqian , Griffiths Paul , Al-Sarireh Bilal , Jiang Wen G , Ye Lin
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Emerging evidence revealed the active role played by capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) during the disease progression and metastasis of some cancers. It was shown that CMG2 was increased in pancreatic tumours in our previous research. The current study further validated this finding for the expression of CMG2 in pancreatic cancer and also dissected its clinical implication.

Method

Immunochemical staining of CMG2 was performed on a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray (PA2081, Biomax, n = 104). Clinical relevance of CMG2 was analysed in TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort and gene array data (GSE71729) using ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Influence of CMG2 on adhesion to a mesothelial cell monolayer was determined using both Mia-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell lines with CMG2 knockdown.

Result

CMG2 is increased significantly in pancreatic ductal adenomas, P < 0.001 compared with adjacent non-tumour tissues. Higher levels of CMG2 were also revealed in the distant metastases of pancreatic cancer, P < 0.001 compared with both primary tumuors and distant metastasis. Elevated expression CMG2 protein in pancreatic cancers was also observed on the tissue microarray. Patients with higher CMG2 expression tumours had shorter overall survival (median = 15.8 months), P < 0.001 compared with those patients with lower CMG2 expressing tumours (median = 30.4 months). Knockdown of the CMG2 significantly decreased the number of cells which adhere to the mesothelial cells (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Elevated CMG2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas is associated with distant metastasis and shorter survival which requires further investigation to shed light on its therapeutic potential.

Take-home Message

Elevated CMG2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas is associated with distant metastasis and shorter survival.