bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality indicators of metals pollution in the coastal sediments in Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Asaf R , Athirah A , Tarunamulia  , Paena M , Mustafa A
Published: September 2020

Metal pollution in coastal areas is one of the focused environmental concerns. Sediment quality in the coastal zone reflects the long-term environmental status because it keeps a record of the development in the area. Quality indicators for metals in surface sediments were evaluated at 18 points of sediment sampling sites of these three bays using the Enrichment factor (EF) and the geo accumulation index (Igeo). Research locations in the coastal areas of Sangihe Island, Talengan Bay, Manalu, and Dagho Bay have values below the metal concentration at the background value. The Igeo category at the three research sites can generally be divided into two criteria, namely: Background concentration and unpolluted. For the types of Cr and Mg metals that are categorized as experiencing enrichment Minimum enrichment (Less), with an EF value <2, Moderate enrichment (Moderate), with a value of 2≤EF <5, and Enough enrichment (significant), with a value of 5≤EF <20. Whereas Co metal experiences enrichment of Very High enrichment (Very High), with a value of 20≤ EF < 40, and Extremely High (extremely high), with an EF value of ≥40, but still has an igeo value <1 which indicates that the metal Co is still in the category of no pollution.
Physicochemical characteristics of pempek premix flour made from mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commersoni) surimi powder
Authors: Rombe G S , Tahir M M , Tawali A B
Published: September 2020

Pempek is known as one of the signature dishes from Palembang, South Sumatera, that is made of a mixture of fish and tapioca flour. Pempek is made through a long process such that the production time-consuming. Pempek premix flour (PPF) is made from a mixture of surimi powder, tapioca starch, and wheat flour, which can be used to make pempek instantly. This study aimed to determine the profile of PPF products based on physicochemical characteristics. This research was divided into two stages. The first stage was the process of making surimi powder from mackerel fish. The second stage was the process of making PPF and physicochemical analysis. The physicochemical characterization of PPF was conducted to obtain information on proximate content, yield, color (L*, +a, +b values), whiteness, gel strength, water absorption capacity (WAC), and microscopic structure. The result showed that PPF contained 12.18% of moisture, 18.3% of protein, 65.55% of carbohydrate, 2.27% of fat, and 1.69% of ash. The results of physical characterization showed that PPF has 97.8 lightness value (L), white color (a=2.7 and b=14.1), 85.8% whiteness value, 885.8 g.cm gel strength, and 1.25 ml/g WAC. Microstructure results showed that the PPF had a solid texture appearance with different particle sizes.
Use of powder-formed probiotics in extensive tiger shrimp culture
Authors: Atmomarsono M , Nurbaya  , Nurhidayah  , Susianingsih E
Published: September 2020

To know the effectivity of powder-formed probiotics compared to the liquid-formed probiotics t-test experiment was carried out in the Marana Experimental Pond Installation of the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros. Ten 250-m2 concrete-wall ponds with 80 cm water depth and aerated with supercharge blower were stocked with 8 pcs of tiger shrimp post larvae/m2. Treatments tested here were A) The liquid-formed of alternate use of Bacillus subtilis BM12, B. licheniformes BM58, and Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951 and B) The powder-formed of alternate use of Bacillus subtilis BM12, B. licheniformes BM58, and Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951. There were five replications in each treatment. After 67 days of culture showed that the use of powder-formed probiotics tended to be better than the use of the liquid ones, even though not significantly different (P>0.05). The average production and survival rate of powder-formed probiotics were 430.4 + 37.6 kg/ha and 72.1 + 9.8%, while those of the liquid-formed probiotics were 385.6 + 73.6 kg/ha and 66.6 + 10.8%. Both forms of probiotics could effectively maintain water quality parameters like total organic matter, NH3-N, NO2-N, and TBV/TPC ratio.
The effects of seaweed, Sargassum sp. meal dosages in the artificial diet on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and nutritional body composition of Rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus
Authors: Usman  , Saade E , Sulaeman HA , Jannah N M , Kamaruddin
Published: September 2020

Sargassum sp. meal is a plant ingredient that has not been used properly, and its potential has not fully realized as an herbivorous fish diet. This experiment aims to determine the potential use of sargassum meal in the grow-out of the rabbitfish diet. Rabbitfish (initial weight of 51.76 ± 0.11 g ind−1) those were cultivated in fifteen floating net cages sized 1×1×1.5 m3 at 20 fish cage−1 stocking density lasted for 90 days. This experiment was designed as Completely Randomized Design with five treatments of sargassum meal dosages in diets, which were 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0%, with three replications each. The results showed that no significant effect (P>0.05) of different sargassum meal dosages on the specific growth rate and survival rate of rabbitfish. However, feed intake increased with increasing sargassum meal, where the highest was obtained at 22.5% (275.6±9.2 g fish−1) and 30.0% (270.8±8.4 g fish−1) dosages which were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other dosages. At the same time, sargassum meal dosages were significantly different (P<0.05) on feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, where they both seem to decrease with the increase of sargassum meal. The highest feed efficiency was obtained at the dosage of 0.0% (68.6±3.6%) that had no significant effect (P>0.05) with 7.5% (63.7±2.2%) and for protein efficiency ratio was obtained at 0.0% (2.29±0.12) that had no significant effect (P>0.05) with 7.5% (2.20±0.08) and 15.0% (2.12±0.05) dosages. The use of sargassum meal as much as 30.0% caused a lower crude lipid and higher crude protein contents in the nutritional body composition of rabbitfish, and was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to 0.0% dosage. Based on the growth rate of fish, the optimum dosage of sargassum meal in rabbitfish grow-out diet was estimated at 19.46%, but only 7.5% of sargassum meal could be used in the diet based on feed efficiency.
The effect of various processed seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii products as gel diet thickener on the utilization of nutrition in Rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus cultivation in the floating net cage
Authors: Saade E , Fadhilah S H , Kalsum U , Usman N G
Published: September 2020

Seaweed,K. alvareziias a gel diet thickener. The quality of the thickener is determined by the processing method. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of processed seaweed,K. alvareziiproduct, which is the best thickener in the gel diet based on fish body nutrient contents, protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein retention (PR). Experimental fishes used were rabbitfish with an average weight of 55.23±4.46 g/individual, which was cultivated in a small cage (hapa) measuring 100 x 70 x 100 cm and placed in floating net cages (FNC). An experimental diet is a gel diet. The frequency of feeding is done twice a day, 7:00 in the morning, and 16:00 in the afternoon by satiation. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment in this study was a gel diet containing some processed seaweed products such as dried seaweed flour (treatment A), fermented seaweed flour (treatment B), carrageenan flour (treatment C), and seaweed soft (treatment D). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out, and the W Tukey test was continued for the treatment that had a significant effect on determining the effect of various processed seaweed products on the measured parameters. The results showed that processed seaweed products in the gel diet significantly affected changes in fish protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention in rabbitfish. The best nutritional content of fish, PER, and PR is found in treatment B (fermented seaweed flour). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the nutritional body content of fish, REP, and RP was best obtained in rabbitfish, which consumed a gel diet containing fermented seaweed.
A study on a potential bioactive compound in green seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina Kützing (1847) extract as antioxidant from the Gosong Telaga Coast, Aceh Singkil
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Nurjanah  , Zamani Neviaty P. , Zuriat  , Arif Nasution Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Seaweed has considered as herbal medicine and food sources utilized by the coastal community to overcome their health problem. Aceh Singkil is one of the regency in Aceh Province that this surrounding area always be affected by oceanography phenomena such as tidal, wind, season, climate change and others. Aceh Singkil coastal area have high marine biodiversity especially seaweed. Seaweed are commonly categorized into three main classes, including Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Pheophyta. Chaetomorpha antennina is one of the green seaweed that widely distributed on the Aceh coastal area. The objective of this study was to identify the potential active compound of C. antennina toward antioxidant activity. The sample of C. antennina was collected from around Gosong Telaga coastal zone. The research phase including rendement, extraction, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity. The data depicted the content of rendement in ethanol extract as much as 1.98%, ethyl acetate extract was 0.66%, and n-hexane extract was 1.08%. It is indicated that the ethanol extract has high rendement content than other extracts. Subsequently, green seaweed C. antennina was detected phenol, flavonoid, and steroid compounds. The cupric reducing antioxidant capacity method were obtained the ethanol extract was 44.7 umol trolox/g, ethyl acetate was 13.84 umol trolox/g, and n-hexane extract was 29.02 mmol trolox/g. Moreover, antoxidant activity with FRAP method yielded the ethanol extract value 576.50 umol trolox/g, the value of ethyl acetate as much as 500.50 umol trolox/g, and n-hexane extract value 200.50 mmol trolox/g. Based on two antioxidant activity that used in this study depicted the ethanolic crude extract have the strongest antioxidant activity than other extracts. This finding gives fruitful report for developing the marine natural product from green seaweed.
Survey on ectoparasite occurrence of fish groupers sent to Fish Quarantine Agency for diseases inspection
Authors: Anshary H , Sriwulan  , Suriati
Published: September 2020

A parasitology survey on fish groupers was conducted from January to April in 2016 in a Parasitology Laboratory belongs to Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Makassar, to identify parasites from the fish groups. Previous data available at the institute did not distinguish between species of fish examined and the parasites that infect them, most of the fish from different species were only categorized as groupers, while many species of parasites are known to have high host specificity. Fifty-four grouper fish of different species were examined, includes; Cephalopholis sonnerati, C. argus, Plectropomus oligocanthus, P. leopardus, P. areolatus, P. maculatus. The fish species are common groupers that are exported alive to various countries. The fish were sent by exporter companies to the laboratory for disease inspection. The fish species were identified, length and weight were measured, then the whole body surface was visually examined for the presence of large parasites. Operculum was cut, and each gills were removed and placed on a petri dish contained saltwater. Observation of parasites presence was conducted under a stereomicroscope, and identification of parasite to genus level was conducted directly under a compound microscope. Species of parasites found were monogenean; Diplectanum sp., Pseudorhabdosynochus sp., Echinoplectanum leopardi, Echinoplectanum sp., Protozoa; Brooklynella hostilis., Cryptocaryon irritans., Crustacea; Hatschekia sp., Dissonus sp., copepod larvae. Diplectanum sp. was found from P. areolatus and C. sonnerati. The prevalence and mean intensity of the parasite in P. areolatus was 100% and 52.5, respectively, whereas the prevalence and mean intensity of the parasite in C. sonnerati was 50% and 69.6, respectively. Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. was only recorded from Cephalopholis spp. Echinoplectanum leopardi only occurred in P. leopardus. Echinoplectanum sp. was also recorded from P. oligocanthus, P. maculatus and C. sonnerati. Other species of parasites commonly found in the fish examined were B. hostilis., C. irritans, Hatschekia sp. and Dissonus sp. All the parasites are highly pathogenic and may complete their life cycle within a container. Therefore, their occurrence in aquaculture facilities may cause significant damage leading to mortality on fish without proper treatment.
Comparison of seagrass cover from multi-scale imagery
Authors: Sabilah A A , Amran M A
Published: September 2020

Mapping of seagrass bed can be done by using different characteristics of satellite images data such as Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2. However, there has been no research compared to the results from those images in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze and compare spatially the condition of seagrass bed from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery covered Kodingareng Lompo island. Spatially sharpened (Pan-sharpening) Landsat-8 imagery from 30 to 15 meters resolution in four spectral bands (visible and NIR) were used in this case. The results showed the four classes seagrass cover percentage consisted of sparse class (0 – 25%), medium-class (26 – 50%), dense class (51 – 75%), and very dense class (76 – 100%). Classification of seagrass cover class and water column correction (Depth Invariant Index) value differed between the two imageries. Accuracy test of seagrass cover classification from Landsat-8 (88.1%) and Sentinel-2 (89.2%) were both suitable to use since they were higher than the standard value (>85%). Differences in the characteristics of both images cause differences in the results of the seagrass cover classification.
The distribution of yellowfin tuna based on sea surface temperature and water depth parameters in the Bone Gulf, Indonesia
Authors: Safruddin  , Hidayat Rachmat , Kumala Dewi Yashinta , Omar Moh. Tauhid , Farhum St. Aisjah , Mallawa Achmar , Zainuddin Mukti
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to visualize the distribution of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacores in Bone Gulf, Indonesia. Yellowfin tuna is among the most important large pelagic fish species cached by local fishermen using pole and line gear. This study is a preliminary process in identifying suitable habitat for yellowfin tuna using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and water depth parameters. It used oceanographic and fishery data from satellite remote sensing of Geographic Information System (GIS). The SST data was gained from Terra/MODIS. The waters depth data was gained from the ETOPO2 satellite database, whereas some points were later confirmed through the Echo sounder record. The experimental fishing was conducted from May to 2019. The result showed that the yellowfin tuna distributions were relatively higher in 30.0 to 31.0 oC SST and 500 to 1,000 m water depth. Both of the parameters analyzed in this study played an important role in the distribution. The numbers represented preferences in defining the optimal habitat of the yellowfin tuna, especially in the study area. This information could be useful to predict the potential fishing zones where yellowfin tuna would be distributed in abundance.
The use of sentinel 2A imageries to improve mangrove inventarization at coremap CTI monitoring areas
Authors: Selamat M B , Mashoreng S , Amri K , Susetiono  , Rappe R A
Published: September 2020

In 2014, the project preparation for Coral Reef Management (Coremap) CTI claim that mangrove at Selayar was approximately 676.7 hectares distributed at 15 villages. Tambolongan at Bontosikuyu district was the largest area of about 132 hectares. These values extracted using Landsat imageries based on visual and composite image classification. Since Sentinel 2A launched in 2015, the use of this satellite imagery has spread widely in ecosystem monitoring due to its higher spatial, spectral and temporal resolution and mostly because it is free to access. Nevertheless, field sampling is still needed to crosscheck the final result. Since 2015 three mangrove locations at Selayar island monitored annually. By 2018, two new locations at Pasi island added. In 2019 three sites added at two different islands, so now a total nine mangrove station covering the whole Selayar islands. Nine species of mangroves were found by the end of 2019 monitoring, which are Avicennia alba, A. officinalis, A. marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, Cerios tagal, and Sonneratia alba. Spectral image characterization by using 12 bands of Sentinel 2A shows that most of these mangroves had peak reflectances at 783 and 865 nanometer, and the highest reflectance are lower than 0.45. These findings may contribute to better spatial identifications for mangrove monitoring and also the consequences to the revision of previous information extracted from Landsat imageries.
The mapping and analysis of minapolitan innovation network-based on capture fisheries, Pekalongan City
Authors: Sumule O , Angkasa W I , Retno H W
Published: September 2020

Pekalongan City is one of the cities appointed by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to be developed as a capture fisheries-based minapolitan area. In order to boost production during the Minapolitan Area development, it is required to establish Production Development Activities packages, and one of them is Research and Development Package. Furthermore, to dynamize the flow of knowledge, innovation, and diffusion, and to learn within the framework of the Innovation System, an innovation network is needed. The initial step in developing an innovation network is by mapping and analyzing innovation networks. The purpose of this study is to map and analyze the minapolitan innovation network based on capture fisheries in Pekalongan City. Innovation network analysis is conducted using Social Network Analysis (SNA) method developed by Analytic Technologies Harvard. This SNA method is used to get a general picture of the interaction patterns of actors/institutions/actors that occur in innovation networks. The results of the analysis show that the density value of the capture fisheries-based minapolitan innovation network is 0.15 for the knowledge flow and 0.04 for the business flow. Hence it can be concluded that it is not a complete innovation network (the value of complete network density = 1). The level of connectivity between actors in this innovation network is still small, thus shows the social cohesion or solidarity among actors is still weak.
Correlation between socio-demographic characteristics and adoption rate of good aquaculture practices in traditional technology-based fishpond in Pinrang Regency
Authors: Athirah Admi , Mustafa Akhmad , Ratnawati Erna , Asaf Ruzkiah , Tarunamulia
Published: September 2020

Fishpond farmers in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, have adopted Good Aquaculture Practices - GAqP (CBIB in Indonesian), yet the adoption rate of CBIB by traditional fish farmers still fell under the moderate adoption criteria. Therefore, a study aimed at analyzing the correlation between socio-demographic factors and adoption rate in hopes that the adoption of CbBIB can be increased that will have implication for the sustainability of aquaculture besides improving the quantity and quality of products, including food safety. The research method applied was a survey method to obtain primary data collected by structurally distributing questionnaires to respondents. Primary data in the form of socio-demographic characteristics of CBIB adopters and other data, namely the adoption rate of CBIB, were sourced from data reported by Mustafa et al. (2019). To measure the closeness of the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and adoption rate, a statistical test of Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient was used. The CBIB adoption rate by fish farmers in Lanrisang and Mattiro Sompe Subdistricts of Pinrang Regency was found to be in the moderate adoption category (adoption rate of 33.34-66.66%). CBIB adopters were all-male, 48.68% aged between 40 and 49 years, 56.58% graduated from high school, 36.84% adopted CBIB less than two years, and 53.95% managed ponds in an area of 1.0-1.9 ha. Moreover, results also showed that five socio-demographic characteristics of CBIB adopters, namely gender, age, education level, length of adoption, and pond area, did not have a significant correlation with the CBIB adoption rate in the ponds of Pinrang Regency. It is recommended to conduct further research by examining other variables of socio-demographic characteristics in addition to the economic aspects of traditional fish farmers to determine their effects on the adoption rate of CBIB.
The analysis of economic feasibility from Bubu Dasar fishing gear (Bottom fish pots) in Tepian Muara Sembakung, Nunukan (Indonesia)
Authors: Indarjo Agus , Salim Gazali , Dyta Nugraeni Christine , Zein Mufrida , Yudho Prakoso Lukman , Achmad Daengs GS , Hariyadi  , Wiharyanto Dhimas
Published: September 2020

The society of Tepian Muara Sembakung village, Nunukan Regency (Indonesia) render Sembakung waters as a potential resource that can be used as one of their income. The fisherman used Bubu Dasar fishing gear (Bottom fish pots). This research aims to analyze the economic feasibility business model of Bubu Dasar fishing gear (Bottom fish pots) in Tepian Muara Sembakung, Nunukan Regency, Indonesia. The sampling was conducted for 3 months, from November 2019 to January 2020. The research used a quantitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The Data was collected using survey with interview, observation based on catches from bottom fish pots as many as 14 times, and laboratory-scale method by doing identification of main catch, such as giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and by-catch composition like mangrove crab (Scylla serrata); catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus); crossbreed fish (Plotosus canius); cand hopstick fish (Toxotes jaculatrix). The results obtained an average daily income of fishermen was IDR 379,286 with an average gross income in each month was IDR. 3,792,857 with total expenses in the form of maintenance costs, depreciation costs and operational costs of IDR. 444,868, so the average profit of fishermen in each month was IDR. 3,347,990. The business analysis can be seen from the average ROI index value as 33.4; the average BEP index value was 12.4 and the average benefit cost ratio (B/C ratio) index was 8.5, so the results of the three indices explain that the bottom fish pots business analysis results are profitable and worthy of profit catching giant prawns (M.rosenbergii) using bottom fish pots in Tepian village, Sembakung subdistrict, Nunukan district.
Input and output market risk Vaname Shrimp hatchery business (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Adhawati S S , Sumarauw R L , Fakhriyyah S , Amiluddin  , Tahang H , Gosari B A J
Published: September 2020

The research aims to identify and analyze the sources of risk from the input and output markets of the vaname shrimp hatchery business, and to find strategies to overcome the risks. The study was conducted in June - August 2019 in the Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Survey research type. Descriptive analysis methods are used to explain the source of risk. Value at Risk (VaR) is used to analyze the source of risk, and the analysis of preventive strategies is used to find strategies to minimize risk. The results of the study: (1) sources of input market risk consist of feed prices with a probability of 36.53% and a parent price with a probability of 25.93%. Sources of output market risk; consist of fry prices with a probability of 44.74%. and fry sales with a probability of 78.52%. (2) sources of feed price risk are in quadrant II, and sources of risk for parent prices, fry prices, and fry sales are in quadrant III. (3) strategies for overcoming risks, namely making feed purchase contracts for the stability of feed and parent prices, market control, management control, and distribution supervision to the consumer level.
Coral reefs ecotourism sustainability assessment based on the integration of government-private-local community in Hoga Island, Wakatobi Regency
Authors: Bahar Ahmad , Fauzi Akhmad
Published: September 2020

This study aims to assess the sustainability of ecotourism activities on the status of coral reef ecosystems in Hoga Island, Wakatobi Regency. The research was conducted from October to December 2012. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. Primary data were taken using a questionnaire containing subjective parameters, such as taxes, permits, community participation in ecotourism, government policies related to ecotourism, income, labour. Secondary data retrieved by a search of relevant scientific literature and relevant technical agencies in Wakatobi. The sustainability of ecotourism was analyzed using a multivariate or multidimensional scaling (MDS) method. A Sustainability index using four scales commonly used index, as a state by Gyou Ko in 2005, was also applied. The results of this study were a score of 60.5 indicated that the sustainability status of ecosystem-based marine ecotourism Hoga Island reefs in terms of integration between the government-private-local community was potentially sustainable.
Utilization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with difference color as attractor for fixed lift net as small scale fisheries in Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Sudirman  , Musbir  , Kurnia M
Published: September 2020

Use of light for the some types of fisheries has been one of the most advance and successful methods to control fish to capture process. Several fishing technology operated in Indonesia waters, used of light as attractor for catching of the small pelagic fish. A lot of typed of lamps used by the fisherman, like incandescent lamp, florescent lamp, mercury lamp and metal haline lamp. In the development of technology, now the some company, was introduce new lamp typed with environmentally friendly technology called Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp. Research about utilization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with different color and color combination of fixed lift net was conducted in Makassar Strait during the May- November 2018 and March – September 2019. The research aimed was to determine the best effectively color of LED can use as attractor for pelagic fish in fixed lift net in Makassar Strait. Experimental fishing was conducted in one unit commercial fixed lift net with bamboo platform size 15 m x 15m in Pangkep regency Makassar Strait. Data were obtained at every fishing operation by examining the catch species, total catch, by-catch and discard species every hauling time. In 2018 there are three color LED namely white, yellow and blue color. Experimental fishing for 30 hauling time for each color of LED in 2018 and 35 time for each LED in 2019 with color combination. Data were collected two time a week during. Fixed lift net did not operated during the full month (one week a month). Total lighting power of 374 W, with 16 total unit LED lamps was setting under the lift net flatform. The result showed that Light Emitting Diode (LED) is effective as attractor in fixed lift net fisheries to utilization of small pelagic species in coastal area. There are 25 species captured of the fixed lift net during the experimental fishing in Makassar. There are five dominant and commercial species, there called main species are Anchovies (Stolephorus sp), Sardine (Sardinella sp), Pony fish (Equulites sp), squids (Loligo sp), and Big eye scad (Selaroides sp). White color and combination of white-blue – yellow color is preference color for small pelagic species.
Proportion of fish catches types and fishing changes of purse seine in Spermonde water in East season on 2015 and 2019
Authors: Nelwan A F P , Musbir  , Kurnia M , Palo  , Jaya I
Published: September 2020

The proportion of fish type is the percentage of each fish caught. The chances of catching are the percentage of fish types caught from the number of days fishing operations. The purpose of this research is Komposisiand 2019 in Spermonde. Data collection location in Sanane Island and Badi Island, Pangkep regency. This study was a case study on purse seine, where data retrieval was conducted in May until July 2015 and July until August 2019. The number of days of fishing operation on 30 fishing trip. The results showed that there were nine types of fish that had been caught from the Purse Seine in 2015. In 2019 there are 11 types of fish that are caught on the purse seine. In the year 2015, the dominant caught is tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) on the first and second hauling. In the year 2019, the dominant caught is the type of selar (selaroides leptolepis), on the first and second hauling. The highest percentage of fishing chance in the year 2015, is the type of Tembang fish on the first and second hauling. Likewise, in 2019 the biggest catching chance is a type of selar fish, both on the first and second hauling. The activity of a purse seine in the east season in the waters of Spermonde indicates that there is a difference in the composition of types of fish fishing. Likewise, the fishing chance are in the years 2015 and 2019.
Comparison of sustainability level of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) purse seines operated inside and outside FADs areas in the Makassar Strait Waters, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Mallawa A , Amir F , Safruddin  , Mallawa E
Published: September 2020

Skipjack tuna is an important fishery commodity in the Makassar Strait waters, exploited by fishermen using various types of fishing gear. The study was conducted in March 2017 to November 2018 with the aim of analyzing the level of sustainability of skipjack fishing technology in the Makassar Strait waters. Data on biological, technical, economic, social, and legal aspects are collected through direct observation and interviews. The sustained level of fishing technologies is analyzed using the scoring method. The results that there are differences between purse seine operated inside and outside FADs areas in terms of the size structure of fish, percentage of eligible size to catch, the impact of technologies on the habitat, diversity, and fishermen, and bycatch. It is not different in terms of the quality of fish caught, the impact on consumers, the value of the investment, the amount of labor, business profits, and the legality. The research concluded that purse seines operated outside the FADs areas have a moderate level of sustainability, and purse seines operated inside the FADs areas have a low level of sustainability.
Growth response larvae of giant tiger (Penaues monodon) on ethanol extract of Karamunting (Melastoma malabhatricum) that mixed in feed
Authors: Ridwan Ahmad , Awaludin
Published: September 2020

In fact, Karamunting is known to have a high cholesterol content, more specifically, lanosterol based on GCMS test. Lanosterol is the cholesterol that contained in plants, which assumed as a precursor of growth and reproduction hormone for in Crustaceae. This experiment consists of several steps: (1) Karamunting extraction, (2) GCMS test for Karamunting, (3) Making the feed by mixing the ethanol extract Karamunting for four weeks with concentration variable 0 (control), Variable 1: 1: 5, Variable 2: 1:2, Variable 3: 1:1, Variable 4: 2:1 dan Variable 5: 5 : 1. (4) The measured parameters are water quality, growth in weight, growth in length, survival rate (5) Data analysis. Statistical analysis result of weight growth measurement indicates that ethanol extract of Karamunting gives a significant result to the larvae sample (P˂0.05). Statistical analysis result of length growth measurement at the end of the experiment indicates a significant difference between control and each variable (P˂0.05). Statistical analysis result of the survival rate at the end of the experiment indicates that the ethanol extract of Karamunting gives a significant result to the larvae sample (P˂0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Karamunting on feed indicated an increase in the molting process the observation in weight and length indicates that the extract can stimulate molting acceleration rate.
Asymptomatic carriage rates and case fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes
Authors: Kennelly Sean P , Dyer Adam H , Noonan Claire , Martin Ruth , Kennelly Siobhan M , Martin Alan , O’Neill Desmond , Fallon Aoife
Published: September 2020

Background

SARS-CoV-2 has disproportionately affected nursing homes (NH). In Ireland, the first NH case COVID-19 occurred on 16 March 2020. A national point-prevalence testing programme of all NH residents and staff took place (18 April 2020 to 5 May 2020).

Aims

to examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations, proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident infection rates symptom profile and resident case fatality.

Methods

in total, 45 NHs surveyed, requesting details on occupancy, size, COVID-19 outbreak, outbreak timing, total symptomatic/asymptomatic cases and outcomes for residents from 29 February 2020 to 22 May 2020.

Results

surveys were returned from 62.2% (28/45) of NHs (2,043 residents, 2,303 beds). Three-quarters (21/28) had COVID-19 outbreaks (1,741 residents, 1,972 beds). Median time from first COVID-19 case in Ireland to first case in these NHs was 27.0 days. Resident incidence was 43.9% (764/1,741)—40.8% (710/1,741) laboratory confirmed, with 27.2% (193/710) asymptomatic and 3.1% (54/1,741) clinically suspected. Resident case fatality was 27.6% (211/764) for combined laboratory-confirmed/clinically suspected COVID-19. Similar proportions of residents in NHs with ‘early-stage’ (<28 days) versus ‘later-stage’ outbreaks developed COVID-19. Lower proportions of residents in ‘early’ outbreak NHs had recovered compared with those with ‘late’ outbreaks (37.4 versus 61.7%; χ2 = 56.9, P < 0.001). Of 395 NH staff across 12 sites with confirmed COVID-19, 24.7% (99/398) were asymptomatic. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of staff with symptomatic COVID-19 and resident numbers with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 (Spearman’s rho = 0.81, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

this study demonstrates the significant impact of COVID-19 on the NH sector. Systematic point-prevalence testing is necessary to reduce risk of transmission from asymptomatic carriers and manage outbreaks in this setting.
Capturing Profit from Disaster: The Assets Company Ltd and the Afterlife of the City of Glasgow Bank
Authors: O’Reilly Sean
Published: September 2020

The City of Glasgow Bank’s collapse in 1878 was the largest bank failure of its time. The causes of the crash and its impact on joint-stock banking and the Scottish and British economy have been well-studied, but how its liquidation was concluded remains under-explored. At the same time, the legal and commercial milieu of nineteenth-century Britain spawned a new type of commercial entity—the investment trust. At the intersection of these two historical moments lies the Assets Company Ltd, which is both the legal device that finally concluded the liquidation of the City of Glasgow Bank and a fascinating case study of an early investment trust. Employing little-used archival sources—primarily the Assets Company’s records kept by the Board of Trade and published court judgments—this article investigates the significance and legacy of the Assets Company, from its incorporation in 1882 to its winding-up in 1956. Beyond merely concluding the legal process of liquidation, the Assets Company would go on to manage and profit from the recovery of the City of Glasgow Bank’s assets as well as conduct its own investment activities well into the twentieth century. This article concludes that the Assets Company provides a noteworthy example of how the Bank’s shareholders responded to the winding-up of a large failed bank, particularly, one with unlimited liability, and how an investment trust can be used to maximise the proceeds of liquidation. The winding-up of the City of Glasgow Bank was thus unique relative to previous bank failures in how its shareholders were able to avoid the prolonged liquidation experienced by other Scottish banks. Finally, the Assets Company is an interesting case study of the diversity of the early investment trust industry, and a company that would go on to inspire numerous successor enterprises.
The logic of partial supposition
Authors: Eva Benjamin , Hartmann Stephan
Published: September 2020

According to orthodoxy, there are two basic moods of supposition: indicative and subjunctive. The most popular formalizations of the corresponding norms of suppositional judgement are given by Bayesian conditionalization and Lewisian imaging, respectively. It is well known that Bayesian conditionalization can be generalized (via Jeffrey conditionalization) to provide a model for the norms of partial indicative supposition. This raises the question of whether imaging can likewise be generalized to model the norms of ‘partial subjunctive supposition’. The present article casts doubt on whether the most natural generalizations of imaging are able to provide a plausible account of the norms of partial subjunctive supposition .
Finding long tandem repeats in long noisy reads
Authors: Morishita Shinichi , Ichikawa Kazuki , Myers Eugene W
Published: September 2020

Motivation

Long tandem repeat expansions of more than 1000 nt have been suggested to be associated with diseases, but remain largely unexplored in individual human genomes because read lengths have been too short. However, new long-read sequencing technologies can produce single reads of 10 000 nt or more that can span such repeat expansions, although these long reads have high error rates, of 10–20%, which complicates the detection of repetitive elements. Moreover, most traditional algorithms for finding tandem repeats are designed to find short tandem repeats (<1000 nt) and cannot effectively handle the high error rate of long reads in a reasonable amount of time.

Results

Here, we report an efficient algorithm for solving this problem that takes advantage of the length of the repeat. Namely, a long tandem repeat has hundreds or thousands of approximate copies of the repeated unit, so despite the error rate, many short k-mers will be error-free in many copies of the unit. We exploited this characteristic to develop a method for first estimating regions that could contain a tandem repeat, by analyzing the k-mer frequency distributions of fixed-size windows across the target read, followed by an algorithm that assembles the k-mers of a putative region into the consensus repeat unit by greedily traversing a de Bruijn graph. Experimental results indicated that the proposed algorithm largely outperformed Tandem Repeats Finder, a widely used program for finding tandem repeats, in terms of sensitivity.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/morisUtokyo/mTR.
MSCquartets 1.0: quartet methods for species trees and networks under the multispecies coalescent model in R
Authors: Rhodes John A , Baños Hector , Mitchell Jonathan D , Allman Elizabeth S
Published: September 2020

MSCquartets is an R package for species tree hypothesis testing, inference of species trees and inference of species networks under the Multispecies Coalescent model of incomplete lineage sorting and its network analog. Input for these analyses are collections of metric or topological locus trees which are then summarized by the quartets displayed on them. Results of hypothesis tests at user-supplied levels are displayed in a simplex plot by color-coded points. The package implements the QDC and WQDC algorithms for topological and metric species tree inference, and the NANUQ algorithm for level-1 topological species network inference, all of which give statistically consistent estimators under the model.

Availability and implementation

MSCquartets is available through the Comprehensive R Archive Network: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MSCquartets.
Supratidal existence drives phenotypic divergence, but not speciation, in tropical rocky-shore snails
Authors: Marshall David J , Taha Hussein , Brahim Amalina , Abdelhady Ahmed Awad
Published: September 2020

The mechanisms underlying the evolutionary adaptation of animals that transcend the ecological barrier separating the intertidal and supratidal zones of rocky shores are poorly understood. Different wetting frequencies in these zones in tropical regions (daily vs. seasonally, respectively) impose different physical stressors, which should drive phenotypic variation and ultimately speciation in the animals that inhabit them. We studied morphological, physiological and genetic variation in a tropical high-shore gastropod that transcends these zones [Echinolittorina malaccana (Philippi, 1847)]. Variation in melanization, shell features and evaporative water loss was linked to regular seawater wetting, frequent activity and feeding, and solar exposure in intertidal snails, and to inactivity and prolonged aestivation in the shade during continuous air exposure in supratidal snails. Despite selective pressure for phenotypic divergence, and reproductive isolation of the populations in either zone, their mitochondrial COI gene sequences confirmed that they represent a single species. Speciation in our study case is probably constrained by the limitation on activity, mating and reproduction of supratidal snails, such that their populations can only be sustained through intertidal pelagic larval recruitment. Comparisons with other studies suggest that supratidal speciation and specialization for life in this zone probably require moderation of the abiotic (desiccative) conditions, to facilitate greater activity and interaction of animals during air exposure.
Latitudinal variation in sexual dimorphism in a freshwater fish group
Authors: Sumarto Bayu K A , Kobayashi Hirozumi , Kakioka Ryo , Tanaka Rieko , Maeda Ken , Tran Hau D , Koizumi Noriyuki , Morioka Shinsuke , Bounsong Vongvichith , Watanabe Katsutoshi , Musikasinthorn Prachya , Tun Sein , Yun L K C , Anoop V K , Raghavan Rajeev , Masengi Kawilarang W A , Fujimoto Shingo , Yamahira Kazunori
Published: September 2020

Tropical animals are characterized by showy ornaments and conspicuous body colours as compared with their temperate relatives. Some recent studies have hypothesized that sexual selection pressures are stronger in the tropics than in the temperate zone. Although negative correlations between latitude and the degree of sexual dimorphism would support this hypothesis, phylogeny should be taken into account in such comparative studies. Comparisons of the degree of sexual dimorphism in body size and fin lengths among species of the Adrianichthyidae, a freshwater fish family having a wide geographical range throughout Southeast and East Asia, revealed that lower latitude species are sexually more dimorphic in all characters than higher latitude species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses using a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny demonstrated that the negative correlations between latitude and the degree of sexual dimorphism become non-significant when phylogeny is considered, but that the variance in the degree of sexual dimorphism is explained not only by phylogeny but also almost equally by latitude. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that sexual dimorphisms have evolved independently even within major clades. These findings are consistent with the view that tropical species are exposed to stronger sexual selection pressures than temperate species. We discuss possible causes of the latitudinal variation in sexual selection pressure.
Different ontogenetic trajectories of body colour, pattern and crypsis in two sympatric intertidal crab species
Authors: Duarte Rafael C , Dias Gustavo M , Flores Augusto A V , Stevens Martin
Published: September 2020

Animals frequently exhibit great variation in appearance, especially in heterogeneous habitats where individuals can be concealed differentially against backgrounds. Although background matching is a common anti-predator strategy, gaps exist in our understanding of within- and among-species variation. Specifically, the drivers of changes in appearance associated with habitat use and occurring through ontogeny are poorly understood. Using image analysis, we tested how individual appearance and camouflage in two intertidal crab species, the mud crab Panopeus americanus and the mottled crab Pachygrapsus transversus, relate to ontogeny and habitat use. We predicted that both species would change appearance with ontogeny, but that resident mud crabs would exhibit higher background similarity than generalist mottled crabs. Both species showed ontogenetic changes; the mud crabs became darker, whereas mottled crabs became more green. Small mud crabs were highly variable in colour and pattern, probably stemming from the use of camouflage in heterogeneous habitats during the most vulnerable life stage. Being habitat specialists, mud crabs were better concealed against all backgrounds than mottled crabs. Mottled crabs are motile and generalist, occupying macroalgae-covered rocks when adults, which explains why they are greener and why matches to specific habitats are less valuable. Differential habitat use in crabs can be associated with different coloration and camouflage strategies to avoid predation.
Emotion and Brain Oscillations: High Arousal is Associated with Decreases in Alpha- and Lower Beta-Band Power
Authors: Schubring David , Schupp Harald T
Published: September 2020

The study of brain oscillations associated with emotional picture processing has revealed conflicting findings. Although many studies observed a decrease in power in the alpha- and lower beta band, some studies observed an increase. Accordingly, the main aim of the present research series was to further elucidate whether emotional stimulus processing is related to an increase or decrease in alpha/beta power. In Study 1, participants (N = 16) viewed briefly presented (150 ms) high-arousing erotic and low-arousing people pictures. Picture presentation included a passive viewing condition and an active picture categorization task. Study 2 (N = 16) replicated Study 1 with negative valence stimuli (mutilations). In Study 3 (N = 18), stimulus materials of Study 1 and 2 were used. The main finding is that high-arousing pictures (erotica and mutilations) are associated with a decrease of power in the alpha/beta band across studies and task conditions. The effect peaked in occipitoparietal sensors between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. Furthermore, a late (>1000 ms) alpha/beta power increase to mutilation pictures was observed, possibly reflecting top–down inhibitory control processes. Overall, these findings suggest that brain oscillations in the alpha/beta-band may serve as a useful measure of emotional stimulus processing.