bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attachment in individuals with eating disorders compared to community controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jewell Tom , Apostolidou Eleni , Sadikovic Kevser , Tahta-Wraith Kirsty , Liston Sarah , Simic Mima , Eisler Ivan , Fonagy Peter , Yorke Isabel
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Individuals with eating disorders are known to have higher rates of insecure attachment compared to community controls, but the factors underlying this finding are poorly understood. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing attachment in eating disorder samples compared to community controls that included quality assessment, publication bias and moderation analysis, across four different attachment constructs. Method: We pre-registered our meta-analysis (CRD42019146799) and followed PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included an attachment measure and both eating disorder and community control samples. We searched PsycInfo, Embase, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus for publications on the 9th of March 2022. Attachment scores were extracted, and Cohen’s d calculated for each study using a random effects model.Results: In total, 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis and six studies were summarized in a narrative review. Eating disorder samples showed higher rates of insecure attachment compared to community controls, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d ranging from .86 to 1.07), across measurement methods and attachment constructs. Blinding of assessors moderated effect sizes for attachment interview studies. Publication bias was present in five out of eight meta-analyses, resulting in small reductions in effect size.Discussion: Risk of insecure attachment is elevated in individuals with eating disorders, albeit heterogeneity is high and largely unexplained. Clinicians may need to take this into account in their work, particularly given the association between attachment insecurity and challenges to therapeutic alliance. Future studies comparing eating disorder samples with community controls should control for general psychopathology.
The Psychometric Properties of the Values Clarity Questionnaire and its Relationship to Psychological Flexibility
Authors: McCloskey Conor , McHugh Louise , Stapleton Alison
Published: September 2022

Values, as a facet of the Psychological Flexibility Model within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, is relatively understudied, with a limited number of studies distinguishing values and committed action. The Values Clarity Questionnaire was developed to target how well respondents understand and can articulate their values, without measuring valued action. The present study explored the psychometric properties of this measure as well as the relationship between values and other facets of the Psychological Flexibility Model. A sample of 256 adult participants completed the Values Clarity Questionnaire as well as measures of present moment awareness, self-as-context, committed action, pliance, and depression. Analyses revealed that the Values Clarity Questionnaire showed excellent model fit, excellent concurrent validity and good internal consistency. Values clarity was positively associated with all other facets of the Psychological Flexibility Model and clearer values were associated with better wellbeing. Results are discussed in relation to modelling the relationship between values and the self, and the time-order relationship between values clarity and committed action.
Abstract Thought: Production of New Knowledge for the Development of Human Civilization
Authors: Shah Krishma Prakash
Published: September 2022

Abstract thought is the key source of new knowledge production for the development of human civilization. It is the mental state of being able to visualize or imagine beyond the physical world’s existence. Abstract thought has formed the basis of creativity, experimentation, and innovation. Analyzing ideas, creating information, solving problems, composing new ideas, and creating things are sources of new knowledge. So, the human abstract thinking process or thought is the result of new knowledge. New knowledge has always played a vital role in human advancement. The theory of empiricism is that all knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses. Transcendental idealism is another theory that is a term applied to the epistemology of German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who seized that the human self produces knowledge out of sense impressions. Transcendental is the ability to go beyond the usual limits; existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level is abstract. Kant attempts to synthesize sense perception and existing forms of the ideal realm above material reality. Abstract thoughts help people make it possible to imagine, visualize, and exercise to produce new knowledge. New knowledge plays a vital role in developing tools and new ideas that build up the quality of human life. This research theorizes that abstract thought is the root source of producing new knowledge for the development of human civilization. The core objective of this study is how abstract thought produces new knowledge. This study has focused on the imagination and visualization of the human thinking process to create new knowledge in art, science, and human civilization. The qualitative research model is adopted to analyze, interpret, and theorize this research paper.
Impact of Dance on Physical Fitness
Authors: Baral Sujata
Published: September 2022

A series of steps and movements that body matches the speed and rhythm of a piece of music is known as Dance. It allows people to be more active, socialize and develop creative and physical skills. Regular exercise has been long associated with a fewer visit to the doctor, hospitalization and medication.  Physical activity can help to prevent or manage a wide range of health problems and concerns, including stroke, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, depression, and certain types of cancer, arthritis and falls. The main objective of this study is to analyze and describe the impact of dance on our body and mind. Through this article reader can perceive the significance of dance as physical fitness not only entertainment.
नेपाली समसामयिक चित्रकलाः राजनैतिक गतिशीलताको प्रतिविम्व (Contemporary Nepali Painting: A Reflection of Political Dynamics)
Authors: Thapa Pak Bahadur
Published: September 2022

नेपाली समसामयिक चित्रकलामा राजनैतिक गतिशीलताले निम्त्याएको परिदृश्य प्रतिविम्वित चित्रहरुमा एत्रतत्र सर्वत्र पाउन सकिन्छ । नेपालको संस्कृतिक, बहुभाषिक विविधताले भरिएका देशमा अनेकन राजनैतिक उथलपुथल भएको देखिन्छ्र । पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले एकीकरण अभियान संगै थालेको आधुनिक नेपाल माथि टेक्दै एंग्लो–नेपाल युद्वको परिणाम स्वरूप सृजित सुगौली सन्धिको ढोकाबाट प्रवेश पाएको सभ्य, व्यवस्थित र परिस्कृत पश्चिमा शैलीले परम्परा विपरित आधुनिकताको परिदृश्यलाई सीमांकन गरी कछुवाको गतिमा अघि बढेको पाउन सकिन्छ । राजनैतिक विग्रहमा तिनका ध्यानाकर्षण र हटेका ठाँउहरुमा बनेका प्रतिबिम्बात्मक धार्मिक चित्रहरु, राणाकालिन ब्यक्तिचित्रहरु, वि. सं. २००७ को प्रजातन्त्र वाहाली पछिका यथार्थ र अमुर्त चित्रहरु, र बि.सं. २०४७ सालको प्रजातान्त्रिक पुनर्वाहाली पश्चात जातीय, लैंगिक, क्षेत्रीय चित्रहरुमा ठिमाह, द्विविधा, र बहुलताको पहिचानलाई आत्मसाथ गर्दै अघि बढेको प्रष्ट देख्न सकिन्छ ।
(The scenario caused by political dynamics in Nepali contemporary painting can be found everywhere in the reflected paintings. There seems to be a lot of political upheaval in Nepal, a country full of cultural and multilingual diversity. Prithvi Narayan Shah started with the unification campaign, leaning on the modern Nepal, which was created as a result of the Anglo-Nepal war. It can be seen that the civilized, orderly and refined western style, which entered through the door of the Sugauli Treaty, has demarcated the landscape of modernity contrary to the tradition, and has moved forward at the speed of a turtle. His attention to political idols and reflective religious paintings made in remote places, personal portraits of Rana period, V. No. 2007 post-democracy real and abstract paintings, and B.S. After the democratic restoration of 2047, it can be clearly seen that the ethnic, gender, and regional pictures have moved forward by embracing the identity of diversity, duality, and plurality.)
सङ्गीतमा घराना सम्बन्धी अवधारणा : एक विश्लेषण (The Concept of Gharana in Music: An Analysis)
Authors: Dhakal Wenkatesh
Published: September 2022

घराना वा घरानेदार भन्ने शब्दले शास्त्रीय सङ्गीतको क्षेत्रमा विशेष स्थान वा विशिष्टता बुझिने गर्दछ । दक्षिण एसियाली शास्त्रीय सङ्गीत अन्तर्गत घरानेदार एवं संस्थागत दुई प्रकारबाट सङ्गीत सिक्ने प्रचलन रहीआएको छ । घरानेदार शिक्षा विशेष गुण एवं प्रतिभा भएका विद्यार्थीहरूलाई मात्र प्रदान गरिने प्रचलन रहेको छ । परम्परा एवं घरानामा तात्विक भिन्नता हुने हुँदा कुनै विशेष परम्परालाई घरानाको मान्यता प्राप्त हुनका लागि नितान्त आवश्यकता पर्ने अवयव के के हुन् ? भारत वर्षीय शास्त्रीय सङ्गीतमा कुन–कुन घराना हाल विद्यमान रहेका छन् ? शास्त्रीय सङ्गीत सिक्ने सिकाउने प्रक्रियामा गण्डा बन्धन के हो र यसको महत्व किन छ ?साथै वर्तमान समयमा घरानेदार शिक्षण पद्धति किन आवश्यक छ ? आदि प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर प्रस्तुत लेख मार्फत खोज्ने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ । प्राथमिक साक्षात्कार एवं द्वितीयक श्रोतको विभिन्न पुस्तक, शोधग्रन्थ, लेखहरूको सहयोगमा प्रस्तुत लेख विश्लेषणात्मक रूपमा तयार गरिएको छ । खोजको क्रममा नेपाल र भारतमा हाल प्रचलनमा रहेका घरानाको बारेमा उपलब्ध जानकारी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले दक्षिण एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूमा सङ्गीतको व्याकरणको रूपमा रहेको शास्त्रीय सङ्गीत अन्तर्गत भारत एवं नेपालमा घरानाको अवधारणा कस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने बारेमा शास्त्रीय सङ्गीत प्रति रूचि राख्ने विद्यार्थीहरू एवं शोध कर्ताहरूलाई आवश्यक जानकारी प्राप्त हुनेछ ।
(The word gharana or gharanedar means a special place or specialty in the field of classical music. Under South Asian classical music, there is a trend of learning music through two types of household and institutional. There is a trend of providing home-based education only to students with special qualities and talents. Since there is a fundamental difference between tradition and gharana, what are the components that are absolutely necessary for a particular tradition to be recognized as a gharana? Which houses are currently existing in Indian classical music? What is ganda bandhan in the learning process of learning classical music and why is it important? Also why is gharanedar teaching method necessary at present? An attempt has been made to find answers to such questions through the presented article. The presented article has been prepared analytically with the help of primary interviews and various books, research papers and articles from secondary sources. During the search, available information about gharana currently in vogue in Nepal and India has been presented. The presented article will provide necessary information to students and researchers who are interested in classical music about the concept of gharana in India and Nepal under classical music as a grammar of music in South Asian countries.)
Desire for Fetal Sex Selection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic
Authors: Khanal Archana
Published: September 2022

Viewing the situation of fetal sex selection, this study aims to identify the knowledge of fetal sex selection among pregnant women and to analyze the practice of fetal sex selection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. The general objective of the study is to assess the desire for fetal sex selection among pregnant women. This study was conducted at Patan Hospital, Lalitpur. The research was carried out using tools such as the interview-checklist. Study findings reveal that fetal sex selection is indicated in genetic disorders of the fetus but not indicated for non-medical reasons. Fetal sex selection has both positive and negative impacts on society. However, female feticide should be prohibited on the basis of fetal sex selection practice.
Review of Climate Change Adaptation Towards Drinking Water and Sanitation in Nagarjun Municipality, Kathmandu District Nepal
Authors: Subedi Dipak Kumar , Shrestha Rajesh , Yadav Punya Pratap
Published: September 2022

Climate change is difference in earth’s climate over time; it is largely caused by human activities which causes a serious threat to nature and people now and in the future too. Global temperature increased rapidly by four degrees Celsius. Climate change effects the water cycle and precipitation. Due to higher average temperatures and warmer air that can hold too much water, which can cause heavy precipitation and possible flooding.

Nagarjun is the municipality which lies in the Kathmandu District (Bagmati Pradesh) of Nepal. It consists of Village development committees, Bhimdhunga, Ichangu Narayan, Ramkot, Syuchartar and Sitapaila. Nagarjun Municipality has in total 67420 populations along with 16746 households. The Major sources of drinking water are public water supply, well, springs and stream water. It depends on the sewer system more than half population able to access it but it has lack of treatment facilities for waste water and faecal sludge. These things are directly discharge through Manmati and Bhadramati Rivers.
Celtic Pantheism in Coelho's Brida
Authors: Giri Himal
Published: September 2022

This article investigates into pervasiveness of Celtic pantheism in Coelho’s Brida. Pantheism is a dominant theme in Celtic Christianity that is a modern form of Christian spirituality based in traditional belief structures and practices of the Celtic cultures of Britain and Ireland. The British religious studies scholar Marion Bowman Celtic spirituality defines Celtic Christianity that includes Celtic Christianity, and Celtic Paganism. While noting interrelations between other non-Christian forms, in this paper I mainly examine Celtic pantheism and analyze the interactions among the primary characters as portrayed in the novel.
Politics of Place making and Positions of the Musahars at Jamdaha-Golbazar
Authors: Giri Madhu , KC Ganga
Published: September 2022

Many landscapes and people-place relationships are socially and politically constructed. A certain unity of place and people have been long assumed in the anthropological concept of culture. The association between a particular geographical territory and a cultural group has been studied by classical anthropologists. The taken-for-granted logic was that the Madhesi live in Madhes, 'the Nuer live in Nuerland', 'the Andamanese' are the indigenous peoples of the 'Andaman Islands, and the Musahar live in Musahari. The places are named behind the name of the first settler. The clearest illustrations of these kinds of thinking are the classic 'ethnographic map' that purported to display the spatial distribution of peoples, tribes, and cultures. Place itself becomes a neutral grid on which cultural differences, political identity, historical memories, and societal organizations are inscribed. This assumed isomorphism of place and culture results in some significant problems. The place is not natural, rather it is cultural construction of peoples and it has no singular narratives. This article represents a modest attempt to deal with the issues of interrelation between people and place, displacement and crisis of place-based identity at Golbazar-Jamdaha in Siraha. The Musahar, the first settler of the Jamdaha, are not only marginalized from socioeconomic positions but also displaced from the placemaking process. The history of the Musahar and their places have been refigured in favor of the dominant community. The fundamental question is on the anthropological practices of captivating the association of a culturally singular group and its territorial location as natural. For me, places with cartography are always imagined in the context of political-economic privileges that have a logic of their own.
Impact of Early Marriage: Knowledge and Health Practice
Authors: Mishra Manamaya
Published: September 2022

This paper based on "Impacts of Early Marriage: knowledge and health Practice" is representative of the Nepalese community. The aim of the paper is to find out the impact of teenage marriage: knowledge and health practice. It was an analytical as well as descriptive research design and used in primary and secondary data. It is based on the snowball sampling method. A total of 156 married women who had married between 15-19 years aged and had at least one child during the time of the survey and a structured questionnaire was used throughout the data collection. Poor economic condition is not enough for the fulfilment of basic needs and other activities. Most of the mothers didn't Anti a natal check during their pregnancy. Most of the babies were delivered at home with the assistance of their family members, sudheni and elder women of the community. In complicated cases, most of them consult with Dhami, Jhakri. Postnatal care was also poor in the area. Some complications were also occurring in the study area, e.g. anaemia, bleeding, weakness etc. Children suffered from low birth, weight and diseases. There was a greater son preference. Early marriage, early pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, low birth space, and complications during and after pregnancy were the most prevailing problems. After considering all of the findings the study indicates that early marriage practice in this area was highly influenced by lack of education, low socioeconomic status, traditional beliefs, no knowledge about early marriage and legal age at marriage and awareness about health education.
A Rhetorical Comparative Study of Kathmandu- Terai/Madhesh Expressway Through Media
Authors: Karna Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2022

Nepal Army is a committed institution. Its involvement in constructing Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Expressway or, Fast-track (K-TME/KTFT) is from 2011 A. D. but still this fast track progresses just 16.10 percent of the total work, which is quite unbelievable. This article discusses different obstacles of the national pride and other projects which the army is also facing in the fast track work. Keeping in mind the rhetorical theory and ethics, this article has abundant media concerns for comparative studies, the textual study through different texts, and the accidental partly but unofficial fast track visit of the author so, a quasi-experimental method works here. To make army, the government, involved companies and the people realize their common goals towards the fast track among many hurdles, and to act accordingly with high degree of morality, which their language hear, the army will accomplish the work in time and there will be overall benefits.
Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Ray Ram Pujan
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes diverse aspects of human resource management as practiced in small and medium scale businesses. The significance of human resource management has increased with the expansion of businesses at different levels due to the liberalization of market and trades across the world. The role of human resources in corporate organizations is crucial in the sense that the strength of people determines the growth of businesses. Human resources are taken as the most precious asset of SME. To reach its values the business must pay a huge importance in human resource management. The implementation of enterprise strategy relies on the employee’s quality as reflected in the entire process of engagement in the world of business. This paper has aimed to demonstrate the implementation of human resource practice and their impact in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) performance. The data used in the paper have been from secondary sources including articles, reports and dissertations. The existing literature demonstrates the management of human resources is aspiring in the business world. Both management and implementation of human resources has influenced the success of small and medium enterprises. Indeed, the commendable management of human resource helps three fundamental intents of each enterprise: surviving, increasing and raising their incomes. The paper investigates into the role of Small Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector that contributes to the growth of economy. Indeed, small-scale enterprises are important for modern economy as it widely contributes to employment growth as well. The development of a country depends on economic prosperity. Managing human resources in businesses can help to enhance the status of corporate world that aims to multiply economy of all aspects of society. As business establishments are human organizations, people are very indispensable in its existence and success. The study has explored that human resource development is significant to any organizations ranging from small to large scale enterprise because it is well known that no business can exist without human beings. It is recommended that SMEs business should clearly define recruitment policies in consistency with the existing laws of a particular nation. Besides, there should be consistency in training activities, the owners of SMEs business should ensure that training offered to employees at all levels is pertinent to their needs. Overall, human resource management practices play a significant role in affecting labor productivity in manufacturing companies.
Role of Microfinance for Poverty Reduction and Women Empowerment
Authors: Pokharel Ram Raj
Published: September 2022

Microfinance is a financial and social intermediation to the poor or especially for women. Microfinance provides financial services like micro credit, micro saving, micro insurance and micro remittance. Easy services of microfinance attracted back ward women, which may be caused to push women toward new horizon. In this article, the researcher has defined the new horizon as empowerment of women. Empowerment is a situation where women have their self-dependency, free mobility, free participation on their own desired sector and field. The meaning of empowerment becomes meaning-full when women become economically, socially and politically strong. In this regard, this study aims to explore to identify the role of microfinance has played to poverty reduction and to find out role of microfinance to women empowerment. The study has been based on primary source, data collected from interview schedule by fulfilling the validity from the review of literature with the sample from Mahila Sahayogi Sahakari Bachat Tatha Rin Sahakari Sanstha, Tarakeswar Municipality ward no. 2. The sample includes 60 respondents. The study concludes that the there is a improvement in the earnings and stimulated the living standard of women beneficiaries from the microfinance The study further concludes the member of microfinance women of the study area are becoming active mentally and physically as the way their participation, communication, fund management discussion, cooperative power and accountability.
Desiring Whiteness in Jasmine
Authors: Shrestha Ravi Kumar
Published: September 2022

The novel Jasmine is written by Bharati Mukherjee, a South Asian English novelist. The novel revolves round Jasmine, the protagonist, who migrates to America desiring whiteness. My major argument in the research article is that she is obsessed with whiteness to have American identity, to materialize her husband’s dream of migrating to the USA, to counter the cultural binding of widowhood prevalent back in her home land, India and to have the privilege of gender equality by shifting to America. The study reflects how on the one hand, Jasmine’s journey to America is influenced by transnationalism and globalization; on the other hand, whiteness primarily appears to her as her desire and it also appears to her as identity, threat and negotiation. For the broad theoretical framework, I have used Kalpana Seshadri- Crooks’ and Frantz Fanon’s theory as theoretical modality to deal with the theory of whiteness. The novel reveals Jasmine, a young Indian girl’s journey from her village Hasnapur in India to Iowa in the USA, the land dominated by whites. Her migration to the USA, the assumed land of gender equality and opportunity shows her obsession with whiteness. Her movement from illegal migration to being an immigrant in pursuit of an American identity uncovers her belief of transcending the cultural barriers and taboos of home land. KalpanaSeshadri-Crooks defines whiteness as “a master signifier that establishes a structure of relations, a signifying chain that through a process of inclusions and exclusions constitutes a pattern for organizing human difference” (3). Likewise, Samir Amin argues “Whiteness is entirely related to Europe or the eternal west” (89), which can be a relevant idea to support why Jasmine migrates to the USA. Besides, the non-whites travel from the colonized nations to the west in search of whiteness, while whiteness travels from the west to the east to assert the hegemony over the orients. In this light, France Widdance Twine and Charles Andrew Gallagher further urge “Whiteness as a form of privilege and power travels from western countries to colonies throughout the world” (10). Finally, the write-up focuses on the significance of the study of desiring whiteness of South Asian characters like Jasmine for their migration to the USA.
Consumer’s Behaviour in Buying Smartphones in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Humagain Reem Prasad
Published: September 2022

This study related to the factors that affect the mobile purchase decision in Kathmandu valley. Furthermore, the study shows the relationship of demographic factors like gender, age, education level, occupation, income level and marital status with the purchase decision of mobile in Kathmandu valley. Consumers purchase decisions are affected by various factors and it is necessary for any brand to understand the factors that affect the decision. Thus this research is conducted to study factor influencing purchase decision of mobiles in Kathmandu valley. The objective of the research is to identify the influencing factor for the purchase decision of mobiles and to examine the relationship of these influencing factors with the purchase decision of mobiles in Kathmandu valley. Based on the literature review, in the study, the researcher identified variables like, promotional campaign, price, after sales service, mobile attributes, brand name & family and friend influence. The collected data were completely analyzed and interpreted on the objective wise and the major conclusions are given.
Reconciliation and Coming Together in DeLillo’s Falling Man
Authors: Dhobi Saleem
Published: September 2022

This article underpins the possibility of coming together in the aftermath of 9/11 as depicted in Don DeLillo’s Falling Man. The reconciliation between the minorities and the mainstream Americans can be possible in case conflicting groups move ahead for negotiation by accepting cultural differences that became the cause of the contemporary problems in the American society in the immediate future of the 9/11 attacks. The paper has explored that there is a huge possibility of reconciliation among diverse communities when the liberal Americans take initiatives as portrayed in the novel. The obstacles to the move for negotiation are fundamentalist Muslims and orthodox Americans who intensify conflict for their vested interests. The paper has employed qualitative research design to analyze the narrative and has also looked into the issue from the multicultural perspective that respects differences. Unity in diversity and strength in togetherness is the finding of the paper. Characters like Amir in the novel are Muslim fundamentalists and characters like Martin and Nina are liberals who seek for reunion among American communities as represented by Keith and Lianne.
2D Electron System with Quasiparticle Auxiliary Field Correlation of Open quantum System
Authors: Das Santosh Kumar , Dhobi Saddam Husain , Nakarmi Jeevan Jyoti
Published: September 2022

The objective of this work is to develop the mathematical model for the auxiliary field and interlink the pair correlation in the external potential of the open quantum system of the 2D electron system. For this, we used 2D Hubbard Model with the action open quantum system Lindblad equation and then apply the saddle point condition to obtain the auxiliary field of the 2D system. The obtained pair correlation of quasiparticles was found symmetric in nature with cooper pairs electron paring angle. The pair correlation of 0K was found 0.1times, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, and 5 times greater when compared with 0.2K, 0.3K, 0.4K, 0.5K, and 0.6K, respectively at -1 radian and +1 radian copper pairs electron pairing angle which is maximum. In addition, with increasing the temperature, the pair correlation decrease and become minimum without loss of symmetry.
Factor Influencing Brand Loyalty of Asian Paints User in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Baidhya Sapana
Published: September 2022

Purpose - It is tremendous competitive world, the companies have to keep up the long term relationship with the customers and essential to span of attention to the customers. Nowadays most of the customers purchase the products consideration of brand rather than inspecting the products. Brand loyalty is extent of the faithfulness on belief of customers to a particular brand, expressed through respect purchase. The main purpose of this study is to explore the factor influencing brand Asian Paints user in Kathmandu valley.

Methodology – Descriptive and quantitative research design have been used for the study. Primary data has been collected through questionnaires using probability proportional sampling developed in five Likert scale for measuring factor influencing brand loyalty for Asian Paints user in Kathmandu valley Mean and Standard deviation have been used as tools for measurement.

Findings –The empirical finding of this study variables found that the consumers have high brand royal due satisfaction and experience of Asian paints among the five variables based on average mean Score. Trust leads the repurchase of Asian paints is most consideration factor of the customers among different individual evaluation. Customers can quickly recall the logo of Asian Brand, is the least consideration and insufficient sector, this item is more consideration by Asian paints.

Policy Implications – This research can be implicated for success and capture of market share of any product due to brand loyalty by improving the insufficient sectors which enhance the betterment of customer’s trust and faithfulness.
Estimation of Direct Solar Radiation on High Mountain Region, Jomson, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prakash M. , Gupta Suresh Pd. , Joshi Usha , Chapagain Narayan P. , Karki Indra B. , Poudyal Khem N.
Published: September 2022

The main aim of the study is to estimate direct solar radiation over high mountain region of Jomsom (Nepal) (28.47 °N, 83.83 °E, 2,700 m above sea level) for a period of year 2012. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and total ozone column data are derived from NASA website. Daily atmospheric transmittance due to different parameters for direct solar radiation is calculated. The effect of different parameters on the direct solar radiation was analyzed. The maximum and minimum monthly average of direct solar radiation values were found 1208 ± 22 W/m2 in January and 1021 ± 46 W/m2 in June respectively. Annual average of direct solar radiation is 1106 ± 70 W/m2. Result of this research work is beneficial for the further identification, impact and analysis of direct solar radiation at different places, agriculture, energy harvesting.
Fourier Series and Transformation with Integration and Summation
Authors: Shah Yogendra Prasad
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this article is to study the basic of Fourier transformation, Fourier Series, Integration and summation. This article gives the basic idea about Integration and summation: definitions, types, use in different field, limitations and may more. In this article first reader gain general information about integral and summation, rule and regulation to used integration and summation, condition to used integration and summation and application in different field.
नपाली भाषाशिक्षा विषयमा परिमाणात्मक अनुसन्धान {Quantitative research on Nepali language learning}
Authors: आचार्य Acharya कुश्मिला Kushmila
Published: September 2022

Available with fulltext.
काष्ठमण्डपभित्र रहेका प्रतिमाहरूको विवादबारे विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन{An Analytical Study of the Controversy of the Images Inside the Kastamandapa}
Authors: रन्जितकार Ranjitkar जुनुमैया बासुकला Junumaiya Basukala
Published: September 2022

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‘ पागल बस्ती’ उपन्यासको दार्शनिक चिन्तन {Philosophical thinking of the novel 'Pagal Basti'}
Authors: ढुंगाना Dhungana शोभाकुमारी Shobhakumari
Published: September 2022

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नेपालको प्रजातान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा काशीप्रसाद श्रीवास्तवको योगदान (१९८१-२००७)
Authors: उपाध्याय Upadhyaya ज्योती Jyoti
Published: September 2022

Not available.
Pengaruh Current Ratio Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada PT Astra International Tbk
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Silaban Indry Sinthya dewi , Hakim Lukman , Yanti Vera Agustina , Kuspriyono Taat
Published: September 2022

Abstrak  - Kemampuan perusahaan dalam meningkatkan laba yang maksimal sangat penting dikarenakan laba adalah tujuan utama setiap perusahaan. Untuk itu perusahaan memerlukan pengelolaan yang baik terhadap semua aset dan sumber daya yang dimiliki perusahaan, baik sumber daya keuangan maupun sumber daya lainnya dalam mencapai tujuannya. Dengan pengelolaan yang baik inilah perusahaan dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan laba yang setiap periodenya akan mengalami peningkatan. Banyak cara untuk memprediksi pertumbuhan laba pada suatu perusahaan, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan rasio keuangan. Current ratio adalah salah satu rasio yang sering digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja perusahaan dalam memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendeknya. Semakin tinggi current ratio sebuah perusahaan maka akan semakin tinggi pertumbuhan labanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh secara parsial dari Current Ratio terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada PT Astra International Tbk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis statistik uji korelasi, uji determinasi, dan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel current ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap variabel pertumbuhan laba. Kata Kunci: Currenr Ratio, Pertumbuhan La
Strategi Upselling Produk Minuman di Café Hotter Coffee & Cinema
Authors: Taqwatullah Banyu Faidz Musthafa , Nugraha Asep Erik
Published: September 2022

Sektor kuliner merupakan bidang usaha yang banyak dijumpai, terlebih menyangkut kebutuhan dasar manusia. Sayang, selama pandemi berlangsung para pelaku usaha kuliner termasuk UMKM Kedai Hotter mengalami ketidakstabilan usaha. Sempat buka-tutup dan bangkit kembali dengan beberapa konsep yang berbeda. Untuk menghadapi gelombang pandemi, dibutuhkan tambahan strategi mutakhir yang harus mempertimbangkan kemampuan dan batasan kedai, tetap mengikuti perkembangan situasi dan konisi peraturan yang berlaku. Adanya catatan penjualan yang stagnan dalam periode yang cukup lama bagi Kedai Hotter, memperjelas urgensi strategi peningkatan penjualan. Strategi dilakukan dengan berbagai cara pemasaran, potongan harga, hingga upaya menigkatkan brand awareness. Namun dengan mempertimbangkan kemampuan finansial kedai, pada penelitian kali ini pengujian fokus terhadap strategi upselling menu minunman kategori paling laris. Hasilnya dari analisis perhitungan statistik regresi linier dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS, kegiatan promosi berhasil mampu meningkatkan penjualan 0,343 kali lipat. Strategi upselling sendiri berpengaruh 72,6% diantara variabel atau aktivitas pemasaran lainnya.
Apakah Dana Desa dan Pendapatan APBD Mempengaruhi Indeks Pembangun Ekonomi Inklusif di Indonesia
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Purwanti Dyah
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh pendapatan APBD terhadap Indeks Pembangun Ekonomi Inklusif (IPEI) di Indonesia. Adapun pendekatan pendapatan dan belanja menggunakan variabel pendapatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Pendapatan Pajak, Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) dan Dana Desa. Data bersumber dari Bappenas dan Badan Pusat Statistik periode 2018-2021. Adapun metode statistik yang digunakan dengan regresi linier berganda dnegan data panel. Berdasarkan pengujian model panel, model Fixed merupakan model yang terbaik. Secara simultan seluruh variabel berpengaruh terhadap IPEI. Secara parsial, PAD, pendapatan pajak, DAU, DAK dan dana desa berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap IPEI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diperlukan kebijakan komprehensif terkait ekonomi makro-sosial agar tingkat IPEI Indonesia terus meningkat.
Effect of Brick Field on Riverine Morpho-hydrological Environment: Study in Kopai River of South Bengal Plateau Fringe
Authors: Das Tanmoy , Mukhopadhyay Malay
Published: September 2022

Brick field is one of the important seasonal industrial activities in India but it has an antithetic impact on river. The majority of brick fields are of recent origin and situated along the bank of the lower catchment area. Nowadays, the rivers are adversely affected by increasing pollution and sedimentation, dumping of ashes, extraction of sand from the river bed and hinder the natural flow of the river. The present study is undertaken to assess the impact of the riparian brick field on geomorphic responses of hydraulic variables, planform change in different segments of Kopai River during 1990 to 2018 and spatial variation of river water quality. Location of riparian brick fields have been identified with the help of satellite imageries of different time periods (1990 to 2018), high-resolution Google Earth image and verified by GPS during field survey. The channel was divided into three segments to quantifying the geomorphic responses and changing planform indices. The study denotes that brick field activities lead to reduce the channel meander as well as decrease the sinuosity index and indicates a decreasing tendency of the braiding index as well as deteriorating the river health.
Judicial System and Public Policy: Strategy for Expeditious Disposal of Backlog
Authors: Hassan Rana Saifullah , Ahmed Naeem , Siddiqui Fahim Ahmed
Published: September 2022

This study aims to identify the causes of delayed justice in Karachi district courts and analyse the critical causes of delay that the Pakistani judicial and legal system is confronting daily. Article 37 (d) of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan emphasise speedy, expeditious and inexpensive justice. World Justice Project Rule of Law Index has ranked Pakistan 130 out of 139 countries on various parameters, including civil and criminal courts. This research makes a comprehensive analysis of civil and criminal litigation in Pakistan for delay reduction. Unfortunately, less has been done previously in Pakistan and especially equal to none of quantitative. This research will focus on the quantitative aspect regarding the rule of law. Moreover, this study used factor analysis to identify the top contributing factors that cause subordinate courts delays. The linear regression model is used to determine and test the directions of the independent variables. This research measures significance of these factors to reject the null hypothesis at a 5% interval level. Similarly, linear regression is used for the cost of litigation to identify the relationship between independent and dependent variables, which is the ”cost of each hearing”. The results show that unnecessary adjournments on frivolous grounds are the most contributing factor of the delayed justice and filing of the miscellaneous applications on frivolous grounds, lack of skills and standardised level of training of both advocates as well as learned judges.
Pakistani Secondary School Teachers’ perspective of Meaning of Work
Authors: Majeed Misbah , Javaid Syeda Tuba
Published: September 2022

This qualitative study indicates the perspective of Pakistani secondary school teachers on the meaning and importance of work in their lives. The data was collected through in-depth recorded semi-structured interviews from 17 secondary school teachers and were analysed using narrative analysis. After a two-stage coding, the themes that developed included the economic meaning of work, psychological meaning of work, changes that make work more meaningful and reasons why working has lost its meaning. Findings indicated that work is an innate character of humans and it’s the source of satisfaction. Still, if parents become part of the system, more teaching resources and techniques applied, teacher opinion given importance would give more meaning to teachers’ work. When management is not supportive, teachers face disrespect and do not get due appraisals, or a salary increase made teachers’ meaning of work lost. In this way, this research facilitates the educational administration and leaders to understand the teachers and their needs which would help them appreciate the teachers properly and provide them with the incentives they deserve. It would also enhance the quality of teachers’ work and the quality of education. It is found that the teachers would work more enthusiastically if their opinions were given importance.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) In Educational Settings: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hanson Janet Lee , Niqab Muhammad , Arif Tasleem
Published: September 2022

Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a crucial foundation of every human organization. The main purpose of this review paper is to highlight the importance of the OCB in educational settings. Educational institutes have leaders, employees and resources (tangible and intangible). OCB dimensions, in particular: altruism, civic virtue, courtesy, consciousness and sportsmanship, have shown great significance in making associations between employees more powerful thereby improving group performance and influencing positive outcomes of the organization and improvements in school outcomes (as nonprofit service institutions) require the expression of OCB by their employees. Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to stem negative behaviours and enhance positive workplace behaviours. Research has shown the benefits of critically examining the development of OCB in both school leadership and educators. This narrative review of the OCB construct focuses on the role, types, existence of, measurement of, and importance of OCB in educational settings. Implications for the next steps in the process are provided for policymakers, administrators, and teachers to promote OCB in their schools.
Exploring the Nexus Between Inclusive Growth and Institutional Quality
Authors: Munir Muneza , Fatima Ambreen , Iftikhar Syed Faizan
Published: September 2022

This research conducts an empirical investigation to identify the relationship between institutional quality and inclusive growth. For this purpose, it first examines the existing situation of inclusive growth and institutional quality of 86 countries. Later, it constructs indices of inclusive growth using social welfare function and institutional quality by apply principal component methodology on worldwide governance indicators. The fixed effect results suggest that Institutional quality is a major driver for achieving growth inclusiveness. A deep underpinning of the institutional variable indicates that inclusive growth is positively affected by the quality of economic and political institutions, while the effect of legal institutions was found insignificant. Furthermore, cross country evaluation of inclusive growth presented few thoughtful insights such as; in low income and lower income economies inclusive growth can be achieved by increasing the overall opportunities. Whereas, middle and high income economies need to enhance the equity prospects of opportunities to attain growth inclusiveness. This study by highlighting the role of institutional quality majorly contributes in existing set of literature of growth inclusiveness. It suggests that improved quality of institutions (rule of law, reduced corruption, regulatory quality, securing property rights and effective governance) can help in extending the opportunities to the unprivileged segment of the society, ensuring long term growth.
Effects of Polymer Crystallinity on Deposition Efficiency and Porosity in Cold Spray of PEKK
Authors: Kaminskyj M. S. , Schwenger M. S. , Brennan D. A. , Haas F. M. , Stanzione Joseph F.
Published: September 2022

Polymer cold spray has yielded lower deposition efficiency (DE) and quality deposits compared to metal cold spray. The disparity stems from metals being studied far longer than polymers in cold spray; in addition, polymers exhibit richer thermo-mechanical behavior. An experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of polymer feedstock degree of crystallinity (D) on cold sprayed deposits of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), a thermoplastic used in aerospace and other high-performance applications. As deposition relies on the plastic deformation of the impacting particle, polymers with high D may inhibit deposition, reducing deposit quality and efficiency. This study evaluates three PEKK grades produced using different ratios of terephthalic (T) to isophthalic (I) monomer moieties (T/I = 60/40, 70/30, 80/20). The ratios control D, with higher proportions of T monomers corresponding to higher crystallization rates and degrees of crystallinity. A parametric study was completed to evaluate functional process set points of system carrier gas temperature and powder mass flow rate. Using operational parameters common among the PEKK grades, spray cycles were completed for each material and quantitative responses to variation in crystallinity were evaluated through a suite of analyses. DE of the materials was assessed gravimetrically, deposit porosity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and thermophysical changes to the feedstock during the spray cycle were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Overall, we found that cold spray processing of powders of lower D formed less porous deposits with a higher DE than more crystalline powders sprayed at the same process conditions. PEKK grades with lower T/I ratios achieved DEs in the range of 60-75%, whereas the most T enriched grade only reached ~10% DE.
Pull-Off Testing and Electrical Conductivity of Sn-Based Metal Powder Mixtures Cold Sprayed on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Liberati A. C. , Che H. , Fallah P. , Yue S. , Vo P.
Published: September 2022

Tin was successfully cold sprayed onto carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in previous studies at McGill University and a “crack-filling” mechanism was described as the mechanism that allowed deposition of the metal onto the composite counterpart. By adding other metal powders (aluminum, copper, zinc), it was possible to improve the deposition efficiency (DE) of the tin on the CFRP, as well as improve the electrical conductivity of the coating (notably with copper). While the effect of mixing powders with tin, and more notably the effect of the secondary component (SC) properties on the deposition improvement, were more thoroughly addressed in following studies, the question of the properties of these coatings remained. With the perspective of providing a metallic coating to a relatively poorly conductive composite substrate, this study aims to explore the electrical conductivity and the coating strength of cold sprayed tin with other SCs onto CFRPs. An extensive study on fractured surfaces highlighted the importance of the CFRP surface finish, and it was observed that the coating strengths improved with decreasing DE of pure tin.