bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sælens lyst og sjælens ubodelige ensomhed
Authors: Grodal Torben Kragh
Published: May 2019

En analyse af Martin A. Hansens "Løgneren"
Processen i Kafkas anti-digning
Authors: Gemzøe Anker
Published: May 2019

Processen i Kafkas anti-digning
Semantiske beskrivelses-principper
Authors: Brask Peter
Published: May 2019

Eksempler på nytten af algebraiske grupper ved beskrivelse af betydningsfelter.
Textens grænser
Authors: Røder Viggo
Published: May 2019

Textens grænser
Lenin, revolutionen og Tolstoj
Authors: Agger Gunhild
Published: May 2019

PerspektivDen historiske sammenhængArtiklernes grundkonception og metodeKlasseovergangens problematikFra teori til ideologi
Hjertesorg og andre sorger
Authors: Holmgaard Jørgen
Published: May 2019

Hjertesorg og andre sorger
Tidens smerte og storbyens atmosfære
Authors: Madsen Peter
Published: May 2019

Journalisten Herman Bang og hans roman Stuk
Parti, klasse og kulturrevolution
Authors: Bondebjerg Ib
Published: May 2019

En replik.
Movilidad, aquello que lo transforma todo
Authors: Folguera Obiol Xavier
Published: May 2019

El marketing móvil es un ámbito del marketing digital que se está reinterpretando constantemente debido al imparable avance de unos dispositivos inteligentes, nacidos hace poco más de diez años, que tienen poco que ver con los teléfonos móviles convencionales aparecidos en los años noventa del pasado siglo. Precisamente, como la movilidad interconectada está cambiando los hábitos humanos, el resto de áreas de conocimiento del marketing digital están adaptándose a una nueva realidad que todavía no dispone de patrones de comportamiento conocidos. Es tan grande el impacto de la movilidad en los entornos del marketing digital, como los que representan la publicidad, los buscadores, las redes sociales, el marketing por correo electrónico o el marketing promocional, que todos ellos se han ido transformando en detrimento de la tradicional navegación y las funcionalidades vinculadas al ordenador de sobremesa. Por lo tanto, ya estamos alcanzando aquel momento en que la movilidad digital forma parte implícita en sí misma de la definición del marketing, y se podría decir que el concepto independiente de marketing móvil tiene los días contados.
La importancia del flujo en los supermercados online
Authors: Morales Solana Doris , Esteban Millat Irene , Alegret Cotes Alejandro
Published: May 2019

El e-commerce está generando cambios importantes en nuestro modo de vida y hábitos de consumo. Cada vez son más las personas que compran por internet todo tipo de productos a cualquier hora y desde diferentes dispositivos. Destaca por su interés la compra de alimentos online, que va ganando más cuota de mercado y, en general, va aumentando su popularidad. Para el sector de gran consumo, el comercio digital presenta más barreras de entrada que otros y las webs de los supermercados online deben ser capaces de crear experiencias positivas de navegación y de compra a los consumidores que las visitan. Entender el comportamiento de compra del consumidor digital y los factores que influyen en una experiencia óptima de navegación y consumo es de vital importancia para cualquier empresa del sector. En este sentido, el flujo es un determinante clave de la conducta del consumidor digital, que influye en aspectos tan relevantes como su intención de compra o su lealtad.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN TENTANG HIV/AIDS DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH PADA REMAJA
Authors: Chodidjah Siti , Agustini Nur , Ungsianik Titin
Published: May 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pengetahuan HIV/AIDS dan perilaku seksual pranikah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, dengan memilih remaja usia 11-22 tahun yang ditemui di mal-mal sebagai responden. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di Mal Blok M dan Cijantung. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik analisa regresi linier dan berganda. Berdasarkan perhitungan didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan remaja tentang HIV/AIDS rata-rata tinggi tetapi dalam aktivitas pacaran masih banyak yang berisiko dan berisiko tinggi tertular HIV/AIDS melalui hubungan seksual. Disarankan agar melakukan penelitian lanjut untuk melihat sumbangan faktor lain, seperti moral, orang tua dan peer agar dapat dilakukan upaya pencegahan yang lebih tepat kepada remaja. AbstractThe objective of this research is to identify relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and premarital sexual activity in adolescents. The sample of this study are adolescents whose 11-12 years old. This research took place at Blok M and Cijantung Mall. Result of this study found out that adolescents’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS is high, but still in high risk for HIV/AIDS on their romantic relationship.
Conception of registration of underground spatial structures in modern 3D cadastral system
Authors: Matuk Olga
Published: May 2019

The rational administration and management of properties requires obtaining and gathering information about the properties and their surroundings as well as implementing an IT system that makes it possible to update information regularly and prepare analyses of such information. Work on creating a uniform 3D cadastre that would facilitate the rational management of those spaces that until now have been considered undevelopable is carried out around the world. There is ongoing work on the manner of making the transition between 2D and 3D cadastres. The continuing investment and economic development in Poland requires the development of a spatial registration concept for objects located above or below a plot of land. The recording of spatial object data is to be in line with initiatives and standards between the national standards for the harmonization of spatial data sets.
Application of GIS tools in spatial distribution modeling of historical monuments
Authors: Rząsa Krzysztof , Ciski Mateusz , Ogryzek Marek
Published: May 2019

Entry in the register of objects of cultural heritage (Polish: rejestr zabytków) is one of the statutory forms of legal protection of monuments in Poland. The registers of objects of cultural heritage are maintained by territorially competent voivodeship conservators of monuments. Voivodeship registers of objects of cultural heritage contain approx. 76,000 entries related to non-movable monuments that are differentiated by type. These objects can be cultural landscapes, urban and rural systems, construction units, works of architecture and con-struction, defensive structures, monuments of technology, cemeteries, parks, gardens, and other forms of designed greenery as well as places that commemorate historical events or the activities of outstanding figures on institutions.In this paper, research was conducted on the possibilities of using GIS tools in analyses regarding the spatial distribution of historical monuments in Poland. Data from the National Heritage Board of Poland (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa) obtained from the dane.gov.pl website was analyzed. Maps showing the density of non-movable monuments specifying their types and locations were created. Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship was an area of detailed research. The generated maps can be used for creating and updating the national spatial development concept (Polish: koncepcja przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju) as well as voivodeship spatial management plans.
The causal value of 'cómo': factivity, mirativity and illocutionary forces
Authors: Castro López Bernat
Published: May 2019

The interrogative element cómo ‘how’ of Spanish has a double meaning: that of manner and that causal. With the former, it behaves like a typical interrogative element, but, with the latter, its behavior manifests the specificities of por qué ‘why’. Two analyses are proposed, always in cartographic terms: one for sentences with cómo with a causal value and another one for sentences in which cómo with this value appears in front of es que ‘is that’ (cómo es que). Indeed, the conditions for embedding for these two types are different (much more restricted for the first one than for the second one). It is proposed that sentences with cómo without es que have an exclamative illocutionary force with an interrogative component, while the force of sentences with cómo es que would be a variant of the interrogative one (interro-exclamative force). In both cases, their factual and mirative nature is syntactically relevant. The general analysis proposal is finally applied to a poorly studied element, que cosa que (Ripacurtian Catalan and Aragonese).
One-class land-cover classification using MaxEnt: the effect of modelling parameterization on classification accuracy
Authors: Fernández Ignacio C. , Morales Narkis S.
Published: May 2019

Multiple-class land-cover classification approaches can be inefficient when the main goal is to classify only one or a few classes. Under this scenario one-class classification algorithms could be a more efficient alternative. Currently there are several algorithms that can fulfil this task, with MaxEnt being one of the most promising. However, there is scarce information regarding parametrization for performing land-cover classification using MaxEnt. In this study we aimed to understand how MaxEnt parameterization affects the classification accuracy of four different land-covers (i.e., built-up, irrigated grass, evergreen trees and deciduous trees) in the city of Santiago de Chile. We also evaluated if MaxEnt manual parameterization outperforms classification results obtained when using MaxEnt default parameters setting. To accomplish our objectives, we generated a set of 25,344 classification maps (i.e., 6,336 for each assessed land-cover), which are based on all the potential combination of 12 different classes of features restrictions, four regularization multipliers, four different sample sizes, three training/testing proportions, and 11 thresholds for generating the binary maps. Our results showed that with a good parameterization, MaxEnt can effectively classify different land covers with kappa values ranging from 0.68 for deciduous trees to 0.89 for irrigated grass. However, the accuracy of classification results is highly influenced by the type of land-cover being classified. Simpler models produced good classification outcomes for homogenous land-covers, but not for heterogeneous covers, where complex models provided better outcomes. In general, manual parameterization improves the accuracy of classification results, but this improvement will depend on the threshold used to generate the binary map. In fact, threshold selection showed to be the most relevant factor impacting the accuracy of the four land-cover classification. The number of sampling points for training the model also has a positive effect on classification results. However, this effect followed a logarithmic distribution, showing an improvement of kappa values when increasing the sampling from 40 to 60 points, but showing only a marginal effect if more than 60 sampling points are used. In light of these results, we suggest testing different parametrization and thresholds until satisfactory kappa or other accuracy metrics values are achieved. Our results highlight the huge potential that MaxEnt has a as a tool for one-class classification, but a good understanding of the software settings and model parameterization is needed to obtain reliable results.
Powered Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Raising the Bar
Authors: Hiremath Roopa , Satyamurthy K.V. , Kulkarni Sanjeev , Jain Arati
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

This study was done to assess the efficacy of powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with creation of a large bony ostium exposing fundus of the sac and primary mucosal anastomosis.

Methods:

The study involved prospective interventional case series with short perioperative follow up. Operative and postoperative data were prospectively collected on 42 patients (15 men and 27 women; mean age, 62.4 years; range 14–91 years) who presented to a lacrimal clinic with epiphora and obstruction of the nasolacrimal system and who consecutively underwent either primary or revision powered endoscopic DCR. All surgeries were done by the same surgeon by standardized surgical technique. Follow-up evaluation included symptom evaluation and endoscopic assessment of the newly created ostium with fluorescein testing at each postoperative visit.

Results:

The only surgical complication was one case of sub cutaneous emphysema. Thirty nine of the 42 DCRs had anatomically patent naso lacrimal duct after a mean follow-up of 12 months (standard deviation = 5 months), yielding a success rate of 95.7%. Out of three failures, two had closed ostium because of improper use of medications, one patient had granulation tissue at the ostium. Two patients with a patent ostium had functional block and continued to have some symptoms.

Conclusion:

Powered endoscopic DCR with full sac exposure and primary mucosal apposition has a success rate comparable to that achieved with external DCR.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in young with Hyperhomocysteinemia – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sami Ifsa , Sharma Reena , Husain Ahmad , Ranjan Ravi
Published: May 2019

We present a case of unilateral non-ischemic CRVO in a 22 year male without hypertension, diabetes and open angle glaucoma. Laboratory tests including complete coagulation profile and thrombotic workup were negative, except for raised serum homocysteine level(23.03 µmol/L). The patient was given vitamin supplements for 8 weeks to control homocysteine levels and a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection was given to treat macular edema. The vision and macular thickness improved to normal at 8 weeks, with no recurrence or new cardiovascular complications over a follow-up of one year. We also reviewed the literature and found hyperhomocysteinemia to be a important risk factor for CRVO in the young, and vitamin supplements help in quicker recovery and can prevent recurrence.
Update on Diagnosis and Management of Amblyopia
Authors: Kapoor Smita
Published: May 2019

Amblyopia is common in the paediatric age group, however it is not well understood. This article highlights the need for diagnosis and management of amblyopia. The current treatment options are also mentioned in detail.
Synthesis of Vanillin from Lignin
Authors: Gitaari Njiema , Benard Kandie , Gichuki Joyline , Kareru Patrick
Published: May 2019

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is the major flavour constituent of vanilla. It has a wide range of applications in food industry and in perfumery. Vanillin is also very useful in the synthesis of several pharmaceutical chemicals. Lignin is a phenolic polymer which is found in plant cell walls with a structure depending strongly on the source of lignin and the process condition, which should be adjusted for different samples. In this work, lignin was extracted from Kraft cooking liquor of wood ash. The amount of extracted lignin was 25.5%, based on oven dry weight of wood ash. The lignin obtained was then reacted with alkaline nitrobenzene and refluxed at 170°C for 3 hours to obtain vanillin. The FT-IR spectrum of vanillin was similar to standard. The yield obtained from oxidation with nitrobenzene was 3.9%.
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil Chemical Properties and Growth Performance of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedlings at the Nursery in Ghana
Authors: Arthur Alfred , Dogbatse J. A. , Quaye A. K. , Konlan S.
Published: May 2019

Aims: Availability of nutrients-rich topsoil for nursing cocoa seedlings is becoming limited and poor growth of cocoa seedlings in the nurseries has been ascribed to the use of unsuitable potting media. Experiments were conducted to investigate the suitability of compost in improving soil chemical properties and boost the growth of cocoa seedlings at the nursery.

Study Design:  The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the main nursery of Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo-Akim, between September, 2014 and June 2015.

Methodology: Polybags were filled with soil obtained from an old cocoa plot (K6O2) at Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana. The soil has been classified as Rhodic-Lixic Ferrasol. Three soil: compost mixtures treatments, that is, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30% w/w were tested. A Standard foliar fertilizer and unamended soil were included as treated and untreated controls. Seedlings were raised from mixed hybrid cocoa and assessed at bi-monthly intervals for six months for growth. Pre and post treatments soil analyses were carried out using standard laboratory procedures.

Results: Initial soil analyses showed that OC (1.18%), Ca (5.60 cmol kg-1), P (14.23 mg kg-1) and pH (5.63) were below the critical values required for good cocoa growth. The 70:30 soil: compost treatment produced significantly (P = .05) tallest plant (41.9 cm) with the unamended control the shortest (30.7 cm) at the end of the study. Residual pH (6.98), OC (2.30%), P (14.23 mg kg-1) and Ca (13.02 cmol kg-1) were significantly (P = .05) higher under the same treatment compared to the unamended control; pH (5.36), OC (1.04%), P (11.65 mg kg-1) and Ca (5.60 cmol kg-1).

Conclusion: Less fertile soils could be improved with the addition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) compost for raising good quality cocoa seedlings at the nursery in Ghana.
Mutation spectrum of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease among the Han Chinese in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Yun‐Hsin , Lin Kon‐Ping , Guo Yuh‐Cherng , Tsai Yu‐Shuen , Liao Yi‐Chu , Lee Yi‐Chung
Published: May 2019

Objective

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies. Mutations in more than 90 genes have been implicated in CMT; however, the mutational spectrum of CMT in Chinese population remains obscure. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the frequency of mutations in Taiwanese patients with CMT and look for genotype‐phenotype correlations.

Methods

Mutational analyses were performed on 427 unrelated Taiwanese patients with CMT by polymorphic microsatellite markers analysis or real‐time fluorescent PCR for PMP22 duplication, Sanger sequencing for GJB1 mutations, and targeted sequencing covering 124 genes causing or relevant to inherited neuropathies. We also correlated the genotypes with the phenotypic features, such as age at disease onset and ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity.

Results

Pathogenic mutations were identified in 312 patients (73.1%; 312/427), including 208 patients with a PMP22 duplication, 40 patients with a GJB1 mutation, and 64 patients with a mutation in one of other 18 CMT genes. A confirmed molecular diagnosis was achieved in 84.4% (266/315) of the patients with demyelinating CMT and 41.1% (46/112) of the patients with axonal CMT. Mutations in MPZ, MFN2, or NEFL are the most frequent disease causes in patients with infantile‐onset CMT (≤2 years), while PMP22 duplications and mutations in GJB1, MFN2, or MPZ are the frequent causes among patients with childhood‐ or adolescence‐onset CMT (3–9 years).

Interpretation

This study provides a genotype‐phenotype landscape of CMT in Taiwan and highlights the unique spectrum of CMT genes frequencies among patients of Chinese origin.
Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite Nanocrystals for Efficient Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Zhao Haiguang , Sun Ruijia , Wang Zhaofen , Fu Kaifang , Hu Xun , Zhang Yuhai
Published: May 2019

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are able to efficiently harvest solar energy through large‐area photovoltaic windows, where fluorophores are delicately embedded. Among various types of fluorophores, all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging candidates as absorbers/emitters in LSCs due to their size/composition/dimensionality tunable optical properties and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY). However, due to the large overlap between absorption and emission spectra, it is still challenging to fabricate high‐efficiency LSCs. Intriguingly, zero‐dimensional (0D) perovskites provide a number of features that meet the requirements for a potential LSC absorber, including i) small absorption/emission spectral overlap (Stokes shift up to 1.5 eV); ii) high PL QY (>95% for bulk crystal); iii) robust stability as a result of its large exciton binding energy; and iv) ease of synthesis. In this work, as a proof‐of‐concept experiment, Cs4PbBr6 perovskite NCs are used to fabricate semi‐transparent large‐area LSCs. Cs4PbBr6 perovskite film exhibits green emission with a high PL QY of ≈58% and a small absorption/emission spectral overlap. The optimized LSCs exhibit an external optical efficiency of as high as 2.4% and a power conversion efficiency of 1.8% (100 cm2). These results indicate that 0D perovskite NCs are excellent candidates for high‐efficiency LSCs compared to 3D perovskite NCs.
Water‐Assisted Liftoff of Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe Thin Films Using Heterogeneous Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Magginetti David J. , Aguiar Jeffery A. , Winger Joshua R. , Scarpulla Michael A. , Pourshaban Erfan , Yoon Heayoung P.
Published: May 2019

Recent advances in device design and process optimizations have enabled the production of CdTe devices on flexible substrates, but the necessary high‐temperature processing (>450 °C) to recrystallize grains limits the use of alternative lightweight substrates. Here, a new synthesis method is reported to create a freestanding CdS/CdTe film by combining high‐temperature depositions (CdS/CdTe on Si/SiO2) and a simple lift‐off process in a water environment at room temperature. Analysis of the results indicate that the delamination is facilitated by the innate lattice mismatch as well as the presence of an unexpected Te‐rich layer (≈20 nm), which accumulates on the SiO2 surface. High‐resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy measurements confirm that the CdS/CdTe film is physically liberated from the substrate without leaving any residue, while also preserving their initial structural and compositional properties.
Semiconductor Thin Film Based Metasurfaces and Metamaterials for Photovoltaic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Applications
Authors: Ghobadi Amir , Ulusoy Ghobadi Turkan Gamze , Karadas Ferdi , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: May 2019

In both photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS) solar conversion devices, the ultimate aim is to design highly efficient, low cost, and large‐scale compatible cells. To achieve this goal, the main step is the efficient coupling of light into active layer. This can be obtained in bulky semiconductor‐based designs where the active layer thickness is larger than light penetration depth. However, most low‐bandgap semiconductors have a carrier diffusion length much smaller than the light penetration depth. Thus, photogenerated electron–hole pairs will recombine within the semiconductor bulk. Therefore, an efficient design should fully harvest light in dimensions in the order of the carriers' diffusion length to maximize their collection probability. For this aim, in recent years, many studies based on metasurfaces and metamaterials were conducted to obtain broadband and near‐unity light absorption in subwavelength ultrathin semiconductor thicknesses. This review summarizes these strategies in five main categories: light trapping based on i) strong interference in planar multilayer cavities, ii) metal nanounits, iii) dielectric units, iv) designed semiconductor units, and v) trapping scaffolds. The review highlights recent studies in which an ultrathin active layer has been coupled to the above‐mentioned trapping schemes to maximize the cell optical performance.
Polarization‐Controlled Broadband Accelerating Beams Generation by Single Catenary‐Shaped Metasurface
Authors: Guo Yinghui , Huang Yijia , Li Xiong , Pu Mingbo , Gao Ping , Jin JinJin , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: May 2019

Self‐accelerating beams have drawn enormous attentions in optics owing to their nondiffracting and self‐healing properties. Traditionally, the generation of such beams demands bulky devices and a long working distance, which impede the miniaturization of the optical system. Recent progresses in metasurfaces facilitate replacing cumbersome optical components by ultrathin and planar nano‐optical devices. Nevertheless, most of the existing approaches suffer from fixed trajectories, narrow operation bandwidth and low efficiency. Here, a methodology is proposed to generate self‐accelerating beams with arbitrary profiles by employing a generalized analysis based on geometric optics and interference theory. As a proof of the concept, single catenary‐shaped metasurface is utilized to generate the cubic phase shift, which leads to a reciprocal accelerating trajectory. The spatially continuous and spectrally dispersionless catenary nanoapertures show great advantages in terms of bandwidth and efficiency over discrete counterparts. The polarization‐controlled accelerating trajectories are demonstrated by both simulations and measured results. The proposed compact and efficient beam generators are believed to be promising for future on‐chip and integration applications.
Fluorine‐Free Noble Salt Anion for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Heng , Judez Xabier , Santiago Alexander , Martinez‐Ibañez Maria , Muñoz‐Márquez Miguel Ángel , Carrasco Javier , Li Chunmei , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Armand Michel
Published: May 2019

Amongst post‐Li‐ion battery technologies, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have captured an immense interest as one of the most appealing devices from both the industrial and academia sectors. The replacement of conventional liquid electrolytes with solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) enables not only a safer use of Li metal (Li°) anodes but also a flexible design in the shape of Li–S batteries. However, the practical implementation of SPEs‐based all‐solid‐state Li–S batteries (ASSLSBs) is largely hindered by the shuttling effect of the polysulfide intermediates and the formation of dendritic Li° during the battery operation. Herein, a fluorine‐free noble salt anion, tricyanomethanide [C(CN)3−, TCM−], is proposed as a Li‐ion conducting salt for ASSLSBs. Compared to the widely used perfluorinated anions {e.g., bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, [N(SO2CF3)2)]−, TFSI−}, the LiTCM‐based electrolytes show decent ionic conductivity, good thermal stability, and sufficient anodic stability suiting the cell chemistry of ASSLSBs. In particular, the fluorine‐free solid electrolyte interphase layer originating from the decomposition of LiTCM exhibits a good mechanical integrity and Li‐ion conductivity, which allows the LiTCM‐based Li–S cells to be cycled with good rate capability and Coulombic efficiency. The LiTCM‐based electrolytes are believed to be the most promising candidates for building cost‐effective and high energy density ASSLSBs in the near future.
A Robust Route to Co2(OH)2CO3 Ultrathin Nanosheets with Superior Lithium Storage Capability Templated by Aspartic Acid‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide
Authors: Zhao Shiqiang , Wang Zewei , He Yanjie , Jiang Hongrui , Harn Yeu Wei , Liu Xueqin , Su Chenliang , Jin Huile , Li Ying , Wang Shun , Shen Qiang , Lin Zhiqun
Published: May 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are widely recognized as an important class of functional materials possessing superior electrochemical reaction kinetics. Herein, an L‐aspartic acid (AA)‐modified graphene oxide (GO) templating strategy is developed to in situ yield ultrathin (i.e., ≈5 nm) cobalt carbonate hydroxide (Co2(OH)2CO3) nanosheets as advanced anode materials of lithium ion batteries. Notably, the covalent tethering of AA on the GO surface renders a high density of carboxyl groups that impart effective loading of Co‐containing precursors and subsequent growth into Co2(OH)2CO3 nanosheets bridging adjacent GO layers. The lasagna‐like Co2(OH)2CO3‐GO nanocomposites exhibit an ultrahigh lithium storage capacity of 1770 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 100 mA g−1. It is noteworthy that the cycled Co2(OH)2CO3 phase separates into homogeneously dispersed Co(OH)2 and CoCO3 phases with two different charge plateaus at ≈1.2 and 2.0 V, respectively, which effectively inhibit large‐scale homophase coarsening of Co, Li2CO3, and LiOH. The much shortened Li+/e− transfer distance enabled by individual ultrathin Co2(OH)2CO3 nanosheet together with robust layer‐by‐layer assembled nanostructure of Co2(OH)2CO3‐GO confers the superior electrochemical reactivity and mechanical stability. As such, the amino acid‐modified GO templating strategy may represent a simple yet robust means of crafting a variety of 2D nanostructured composites of interest for energy storage applications.
Psychological well‐being in patients with aneurysms‐osteoarthritis syndrome
Authors: Bons Lidia R. , van den Hoven Allard T. , Damirchi Ayda E. , van der Linde Denise , Dekker Silvy , Kauling Robert M. , van de Laar Ingrid M. B. H. , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W.
Published: May 2019

Aneurysms‐osteoarthritis syndrome (AOS) is characterized by arterial aneurysms and dissection in combination with early‐onset osteoarthritis, which can impact quality of life. We describe the subjective quality of life and investigate anxiety and depression in 28 AOS patients aged 15–73 years. Three questionnaires were used: 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Rotterdam disease specific questionnaire. Results of the SF‐36 and HADS were compared to a reference Dutch cohort and the SF‐36 questionnaire also to patients with Marfan syndrome. Compared to the general population, AOS patients scored significantly lower on the following SF‐36 domains: physical functioning, vitality, social functioning, bodily pain, and general health. Physical functioning was also lower than in Marfan patients. Patients with AOS scored higher on the HADS depression scale, while anxiety did not show a significant difference compared to the general population. No difference in SF‐36 and HADS domain scores were found between patient with and without orthopaedic symptoms and patients with or without previous aortic surgery. Additionally, we found that patients' worries for their future and heredity of their disease are important factors for anxiety, which should be addressed in clinical practice.
Spin‐Orbit Coupling in All‐Electron Mixed Basis Approach
Authors: Nakashima Takeru , Ohno Kaoru
Published: May 2019

In the evaluation of the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), the use of the L · S formula is invalid in the interatomic region where the effective potential is not spherically symmetric. This problem occurs in the LCAO, LMTO, and APW methods, while the plane‐wave pseudopotential and PAW methods cannot treat the spin‐orbit splitting (SOS) of core orbitals. To avoid these problems, the all‐electron mixed basis approach is adopted, which uses both plane waves (PWs) and atomic orbitals (AOs) as a basis set. The general form S · ∇V × p can be used for PWs, while the standard form L · S can be used for AOs, which are well localized inside the non‐overlapping atomic sphere in the spherical potential region and composed of the numerical radial function on a logarithmic radial mesh and analytic cubic harmonics. The explicit formula of the AO–AO, PW–AO, and PW–PW matrix elements of the SOC for spin‐polarized systems is presented. In particular, the AO–AO matrices are explicitly derived for p, d, and f orbitals. The method is applied to the SOS of core and valence levels in X‐ray photoelectron spectra. The results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data, which suggests the validity of the present method.
A Synthetic Fluorescent Mitochondria‐Targeted Sensor for Ratiometric Imaging of Calcium in Live Cells
Authors: Pendin Diana , Norante Rosa , De Nadai Andrea , Gherardi Gaia , Vajente Nicola , Basso Emy , Kaludercic Nina , Mammucari Cristina , Paradisi Cristina , Pozzan Tullio , Mattarei Andrea
Published: May 2019

Ca2+ handling by mitochondria is crucial for cell life and the direct measure of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration in living cells is of pivotal interest. Genetically‐encoded indicators greatly facilitated this task, however they require demanding delivery procedures. On the other hand, existing mitochondria‐targeted synthetic Ca2+ indicators are plagued by several drawbacks, for example, non‐specific localization, leakage, toxicity. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a new fluorescent Ca2+ sensor, named mt‐fura‐2, obtained by coupling two triphenylphosphonium cations to the molecular backbone of the ratiometric Ca2+ indicator fura‐2. Mt‐fura‐2 binds Ca2+ with a dissociation constant of ≈1.5 μm in vitro. When loaded in different cell types as acetoxymethyl ester, the probe shows proper mitochondrial localization and accurately measures matrix [Ca2+] variations, proving its superiority over available dyes. We describe the synthesis, characterization and application of mt‐fura‐2 to cell types where the delivery of genetically‐encoded indicators is troublesome.
Copper‐Complex‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Naphthols: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3′‐Substituted C1‐Symmetric BINOLs
Authors: Tian Jin‐Miao , Wang Ai‐Fang , Yang Ju‐Song , Zhao Xiao‐Jing , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Chen Zhi‐Min
Published: May 2019

A novel chiral 1,5‐N,N‐bidentate ligand based on a spirocyclic pyrrolidine oxazoline backbone was designed and prepared, and it coordinates CuBr in situ to form an unprecedented catalyst that enables efficient oxidative cross‐coupling of 2‐naphthols. Air serves as an external oxidant and generates a series of C1‐symmetric chiral BINOL derivatives with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) and good yield (up to 87 %). This approach is tolerant of a broader substrates scope, particularly substrates bearing various 3‐ and 3′‐substituents. A preliminary investigation using one of the obtained C1‐symmetric BINOL products was used as an organocatalyst, exhibiting better enantioselectivity than the previously reported organocatalyst, for the asymmetric α‐alkylation of amino esters.
From Cubes to Dice: Solvent‐Regulated Morphology Engineering of Endohedral Fullerene Microcrystals with Anomalous Photoluminescence Enhancement
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Zhu Xianjun , Guan Yong , Wang Yujing , Jin Fei , Guan Runnan , Liu Fupin , Chen Muqing , Tian Yangchao , Yang Shangfeng
Published: May 2019

Despite recent successes in preparing three‐dimensional crystals of empty fullerenes, such as C60 and C70, 3D endohedral fullerene crystals, and especially hollow nanostructures, have been scarcely reported. A universal approach has now been developed to prepare shape‐tunable 3D crystals of several metal nitride clusterfullerenes, including cubes and dice (hollow cubes with holes at the center of each face), which can be readily switched by changing the volume ratio of good (mesitylene) and poor (isopropanol) solvents. Synchrotron‐based soft X‐ray nano‐computed tomography was used to unambiguously identify the interior microstructure of the dice‐shaped crystals of Tb3N@C80, and especially the depth of the hole at each face, confirming that the dice has a solid center and the holes are not interconnected. Owing to the enhanced light absorption, the dice‐shaped crystals exhibit enhanced photoluminescence relative to that of the cubes.
Deracemizing α‐Branched Carboxylic Acids by Catalytic Asymmetric Protonation of Bis‐Silyl Ketene Acetals with Water or Methanol
Authors: Mandrelli Francesca , Blond Aurélie , James Thomas , Kim Hyejin , List Benjamin
Published: May 2019

We report a highly enantioselective catalytic protonation of bis‐silyl ketene acetals. Our method delivers α‐branched carboxylic acids, including nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory arylpropionic acids such as Ibuprofen, in high enantiomeric purity and high yields. The process can be incorporated in an overall deracemization of α‐branched carboxylic acids, involving a double deprotonation and silylation followed by the catalytic asymmetric protonation.
Conversations of Care: A Narrative Review of Collaborative Care Systems for Foster and Kinship Care
Authors: Balu Dilip , McLean Loyola
Published: May 2019

This paper reviews the literature on human relational factors and their impact on complex care systems for a highly vulnerable population of children and young people in out‐of‐home care (OOHC). Factors contributing to the functioning of collaborative OOHC systems are reviewed from theoretical and contextual perspectives. The authors posit that secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma are central to understanding the impact of relational trauma and the experience of individuals, families, teams, and the wider ecology of collaborative care systems. Given the challenges of working collaboratively across interpersonal, family, and systems boundaries to support traumatised children in OOHC, further research is required.
Addressing Emotional Communication in Family Relationships in the Treatment of Young People with Anorexia: A Case Study
Authors: Joyce Heidi , Dring Greg
Published: May 2019

Family‐based treatment (FBT) is an evidence‐based approach to anorexia nervosa in young people. Because it is not always successful, attention has been given to how families experience the treatment. A number of therapists have proposed possible additions to, or improvements in, the model. In successful cases relational containment may be achieved in the first phase of treatment. The treatment is often successful, but when initial goals, such as weight recovery, are not achieved, continuing to use the techniques described in the manual may become unhelpful. Sometimes therapists may need to address issues such as emotion coaching that are not specifically addressed in the FBT model. We describe a case in which the therapist addressed the family's emotional style in the first stage of treatment. This focus enabled progress to be achieved despite the adolescent's continuing difficulty in eating without parental support, and her escalating symptoms of anxiety and obsessional compulsive disorder (OCD). Therapy helped the adolescent and family understand that anorexic and OCD symptoms can be understood as a way of distracting from and managing distress. When this connection was made in therapy, the parents could help their daughter to manage distress in more adaptive ways. Parents may need help with their own difficulties in processing distress. In this case the parents needed the opportunity to resolve feelings of grief about a miscarriage in order to do so. We propose that therapy should address family difficulties with managing distress from an early stage.
Polymers dynamics of the nonfluoro, nano‐brush repelling agent with self‐stratifying property in water‐based coatings
Authors: Tang Wei‐Cheng , Su Yi‐Che , Huang Yun‐Shan , Yu Ya‐Tin , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Chu I‐Ming
Published: May 2019

While perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), also known as C8s, are used extensively in textile repellent coatings, concerns have arisen for their carcinogenicity and hazardous effects on the environment. In this study, a novel water‐based, nonfluoro, and nanobrush textile repelling agent was prepared by conventional sol–gel chemistry using amorphous fumed silica and n‐octyltriethoxysilane as the starting materials. Minimal interaction between the designed repelling agent and marketed water‐based resins was confirmed using linear viscosity region (LVR) analysis and asymmetric‐flow field‐flow fractionation (AF4), suggesting the self‐stratification potential of the repelling agent. More specifically, the repelling agent exhibited excellent compatibility and self‐stratifying ability with a force‐emulsified acrylic‐based resin, affording a water contact angle of 104.3° when incorporated at 7% solid content. Performance tests carried out on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) revealed excellent adhesion (100/100) of a final formulation, and a significant increase in water contact angle from 80.1° to 103.8° after treatment. In addition, the fouling area after the removal of a submerged sample from a mixture of slurry, polymer, and oil decreased from 48 to 1% when the repelling agent was added. Moreover, the sludge‐fouling property remained unchanged after 1000 cycles of abrasion. These findings demonstrate the potential of the described nonfluoro, nanobrush repelling agent as an environmentally safe alternative for use with commercial resins, in turn realizing a fully water‐based hydrophobic coating. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48003.
Production of reduced graphene oxide‐based electrically conductive hydrogel by using modified chitosan
Authors: Ulutürk Celil , Alemdar Neslihan
Published: May 2019

Herein, a new approach was applied to produce reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐based conductive hydrogel by using modified chitosan (CTS) as a primary constituent. A variety amounts of RGO (from 0 to 15%) were incorporated into the polymeric network generated by photopolymerization of CTS‐graft‐glycidyl methacrylate (CTS‐g‐GMA) and poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA). The structures of hydrogels were confirmed by FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Water uptake capacity of hydrogels determined gravimetrically. L929 fibroblast cells were used for cytotoxicity test. According to conductivity measurements carried out by four‐point probe technique, the highest conductivity (1.716 × 10−3 S/cm) was obtained when 10% RGO was encapsulated into the polymeric structure. From the results, it could be envisaged that electroconductive hydrogel (ECH) fabricated in this study could have a potential usage for biosensor applications in the future projects. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48008.
Predicting Severe Infection and Effects of Hypogammaglobulinemia During Therapy With Rituximab in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Md Yusof Md Yuzaiful , Vital Edward M. , McElvenny Damien M. , Hensor Elizabeth M. A. , Das Sudipto , Dass Shouvik , Rawstron Andy C. , Buch Maya H. , Emery Paul , Savic Sinisa
Published: May 2019

Objective

To evaluate predictors of serious infection events (SIEs) during rituximab (RTX) therapy and effects of hypogammaglobulinemia on SIE rates, and humoral response and its persistence after discontinuation of RTX in the treatment of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).

Methods

A retrospective longitudinal study of 700 RMD patients treated with RTX in a single center was conducted. Immunoglobulin levels were measured at baseline and at 4–6 months after each treatment cycle. Baseline predictors of SIEs were assessed using multivariable logistic regression; for RTX cycles 2–4, a mixed‐effects logistic regression model was used.

Results

A total of 507 patients (72%) had rheumatoid arthritis, 94 (13%) had systemic lupus erythematosus, 49 (7%) had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, and 50 (7%) had other RMDs. The number of SIEs recorded was 281 in 176 patients (9.8 per 100 person‐years). Predictors of SIEs included non–RTX‐specific comorbidities (previous history of SIE, cancer, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure), higher corticosteroid dose, and RTX‐specific factors, including low IgG (<6 gm/liter) both at baseline and during treatment, RTX‐associated neutropenia, higher IgM, and longer time to RTX re‐treatment, but not B cell count or depletion status. Of 110 patients with low IgG, SIE rates were higher in those with low IgG at baseline (16.4 per 100 person‐years) and in those who acquired low IgG during or after RTX treatment (21.3 per 100 person‐years) versus those with normal IgG (9.7 per 100 person‐years). Five of 8 patients (63%) had impaired humoral response to pneumococcus and hemophilus following vaccination challenge, and only 4 of 11 patients (36%) had IgG normalized after switching biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Conclusion

Immunoglobulin levels should be monitored at baseline and before each RTX cycle to identify patients at risk of SIEs. Individualized risk–benefit assessment should be undertaken in those with lower IgG as this is a consistent SIE predictor and may increase infection profiles when RTX is switched to different therapies.
Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation by Twist 1 in the Metabolic Adaptation of T Helper Lymphocytes to Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Hradilkova Kristyna , Maschmeyer Patrick , Westendorf Kerstin , Schliemann Heidi , Husak Olena , von Stuckrad Anne Sae Lim , Kallinich Tilmann , Minden Kirsten , Durek Pawel , Grün Joachim R. , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Radbruch Andreas
Published: May 2019

Objective

Inflamed tissue is characterized by low availability of oxygen and nutrients. Yet CD4+ T helper lymphocytes persist over time in such tissue and probably contribute to the chronicity of inflammation. This study was undertaken to analyze the metabolic adaptation of these cells to the inflamed environment.

Methods

Synovial and blood CD4+ T cells isolated ex vivo from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and murine CD4+ T cells were either stimulated once or stimulated repeatedly. Their dependency on particular metabolic pathways for survival was then analyzed using pharmacologic inhibitors. The role of the transcription factor Twist 1 was investigated by determining lactate production and oxygen consumption in Twist1‐sufficient and Twist1‐deficient murine T cells. The dependency of these murine cells on particular metabolic pathways was analyzed using pharmacologic inhibitors.

Results

Programmed death 1 (PD‐1)+ T helper cells in synovial fluid samples from patients with JIA survived via fatty acid oxidation (mean ± SEM survival of 3.4 ± 2.85% in the presence of etomoxir versus 60 ± 7.08% in the absence of etomoxir on day 4 of culture) (P < 0.0002; n = 6) and expressed the E‐box–binding transcription factor TWIST1 (2–14‐fold increased expression) (P = 0.0156 versus PD‐1− T helper cells; n = 6). Repeatedly restimulated murine T helper cells, which expressed Twist1 as well, needed Twist1 to survive via fatty acid oxidation. In addition, Twist1 protected the cells against reactive oxygen species.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that TWIST1 is a master regulator of metabolic adaptation of T helper cells to chronic inflammation and a target for their selective therapeutic elimination.
Stochastic sliding mode control of active vehicle suspension with mismatched uncertainty and multiplicative perturbations
Authors: Moghadam Alireza Ramezani , Kebriaei Hamed
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic sliding mode controller design for uncertain model of vehicle suspension. The Itô stochastic model of quarter‐car is considered applying both parametric stochastic perturbations and mismatched uncertainty of road disturbance. To tackle with uncertainties of model a non‐semi‐martingale stochastic sliding dynamic is obtained employing a proportional‐integral switching surface. By means of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and stochastic extension of Lyapunov method, a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the mean‐square stability of the stochastic dynamics in the specified switching surface for all admissible mismatched uncertainties. Furthermore, the synthesized sliding mode controller guarantees the reachability of the determined sliding surface. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of stochastic sliding mode control approach.