bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity patterns of medium and large mammals in two savanna ecosystems in the Colombian Llanos
Authors: Castillo-Figueroa Dennis , Martínez-Medina Daniela , Rodríguez-Posada Miguel E.
Published: November 2021

Neotropical savannas have undergone continuous processes of landscape transformation (e.g., agriculture, oil, gas, and hydrocarbon industry) and very little is known about the ecology and natural history of key biological groups such as terrestrial mammals while the information on behavioral aspects of mammalian species in these ecosystems is very scarce. Here, we aimed to describe the activity patterns of medium and large mammals in two savanna ecosystems in the Colombian Llanos. A set of 60 camera traps was installed in the two ecosystems for 35 days (2100 camera days). We described the activity patterns of nine predominantly nocturnal species. We found no difference in circadian distributions of mammals between ecosystems. Cuniculus paca Linnaeus 1758 and Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler 1832 showed patterns of exclusion probably due to competition whereas other species like Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus1758 and Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus 1758 displayed similar activity patterns. We highlight the importance of savannas for the conservation of these species and discuss the relevance of studies on activity patterns for mammal ecology and conservation in Neotropical savannas.
Optimization of Ecologically Safe Water Management in Reclamation Systems Under Water Resources Shortage
Authors: Lyashkov M.A. , Domashenko Yu.E.
Published: November 2021

The optimized designed irrigation scheme and water distribution system to reduce the anthropogenic impact and remove the pollutants by 20–25 % have been presented. The optimal launch sequencing of the irrigation equipment has been introduced by using the study irrigation area under conditions of water resources scarcity to determine the launch sequences regardless the crop rotation used. The presented model allows to bring down the irrigation water consumption by 30 % while decreasing the working cycle of the irrigation material, specifically by reducing the number of land irrigations without any impact on the yield.
The Relationship between Transdiagnostic Constructs and Insomnia in Students
Authors: Tavallaee-nejad Zahra , Zenoozian Saeedeh , Rezaei Mazaher
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective: Insomnia is a universal phenomenon that many people experience and is characterized by difficulty in sleep initiation, maintaining sleep, waking up early in the morning, and inability to return to sleep. Due to its high prevalence and the effect of insomnia on the mental and physical performance of individuals, especially students, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between transdiagnostic structures and insomnia disorder in students.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Population of this study was 400 medical students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran, who were selected by non-random sampling method. Research tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 12-question Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Third Edition (ASI-3), and Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ). Research data were analyzed using LISREL software.
Results: The average age of students was 21.54 years. Transdiagnostic constructs explained a total of 9% of insomnia disorders in students. Insomnia disorders in women were significantly higher than in men; moreover, in the single group was higher than in the married group.
Conclusion: Transdiagnostic constructs can predict insomnia in students.
Combination of Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea as a Non-Sleepy Phenotype of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shamsadini Ayeh , Bagheri-Kelayeh Somayeh
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective: Co-occurring central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are a developing apprehension because many patients referred to sleep studies have co-morbidities such as cardiovascular and/or neurological disorders which increase the possibility of central and obstructive episodes. Here, we report a patient without excessive daytime sleepiness and a combination of CSA and OSA.
Case Report: We present a 16-year-old boy with a history of snoring, poor quality of sleep, nightmare, sleep walking, and sleep talking since he was two-years old. His STOP-Bang score was 7. Standard attended polysomnography (PSG) with audio-video monitoring was performed. The PSG results contained Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI): 30.2 (number of OSAs was 50 and number of CSAs was 49 during sleep). Then, a titration study was performed and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) setting as low as eight cmH2O was effective in eliminating obstructive events, but there was emerging CSAs in favour of Treatment Emergent CSA (TCSA).
Conclusion: This case represents a non-sleepy phenotype of OSA in combination with many CSAs in PSG. We suggest that further studies be performed on the association between the concomitant presence of CSA and OSA among nonsleepy patients with OSA.
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19). CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Gumeniuk K. M. , Dubyna D. O. , Yurchenko O. O.
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in the late 2019 in China, has become an unforeseen challenge to the health care system of all the countries in the world. Establishment of a mass specific diagnostics of emergent infection caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was one of the problems that needed immediate solution. This review presents the technologies used for the specific diagnostics of COVID-19. The advantages and limitations of the most common methodologies for detection of the pathogen or virus-specific antibodies are discussed. Detection of the virus genome fragments by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) allowed to achieve high accuracy of diagnosis. From the beginning of the pandemic, this method has been considered as the "gold" standard, despite the limitations associated with its high cost, complexity and the need for testing in specialized laboratories. Cheaper immunological methods have insufficient diagnostic efficiency and can be used only as complements to molecular testing. The review also presents promising methods of specific diagnostics of COVID-19 which are based on molecular genetic technologies, characterized by simplicity and rapidity, do not require expensive equipment and can be performed in points of care.
Cinema feito por mulheres
Authors: Domingues Ana Carolina , Costa Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse texto é apresentar o cinema feito por mulheres e como ele se relaciona com o público espectador, produzindo significados e novas formas de percepção. São apresentadas as principais autoras e cineastas internacionais e brasileiras que se posicionaram em relação à linguagem cinematográfica tradicional hollywoodiana, expondo especificidades da produção deste cinema. No texto, são apresentados e discutidos aspectos estéticos e políticos de filmes e produções que trazem um modo de experiência cinematográfica sobre o mundo.
A produção de narrativas sobre a docência em educação física
Authors: Nunes Mário Luiz Ferrari , Boscariol Marina Contarini
Published: November 2021

Este texto objetiva escancarar as tecnologias de regulação docente, a fim de potencializar saídas para uma compreensão (pelo próprio sujeito) do lugar da docência produzida pela racionalidade política neoliberal. Utiliza como instrumento metodológico o grupo de discussão, realizado com quatro professores de Educação Física em atuação na Educação Básica e formados pela mesma instituição. Toma como operador conceitual de análise as noções de técnicas de si e cuidado de si formuladas por Michel Foucault. As análises efetuadas indicam a força de discursos pedagógicos da Educação e da Educação Física na constituição da subjetividade docente e responsáveis por fazer com que os professores produzam narrativas sobre si mesmos no campo de atuação orientadas principalmente pelo neoliberalismo. A partir desse debate, este artigo também dá alguns passos no sentido de pensar outras formas de constituir-se docente no exercício da profissão.
FERTILITY RATE USING THE PALMORE FORMULA IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE: A STUDY OF 2015 SUPAS
Authors: Maftukh Muhammad Abdul Khafidz , Salim Lutfi Agus , Hairi Farizah Mohd
Published: November 2021

Fertility is an important indicator for the success of state development, especially in the health sector. It can be estimated through direct and indirect methods. This study aimed to determine the fertility rate in East Java province indirectly using the Palmore Formula. This study was a descriptive analysis using secondary data from the 2015 Inter-census Population Survey / Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus (SUPAS). It calculated the rate directly and manually. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was at 2.02 per two children born by each mother in East Java province. It was compared with the national average published by the Central Bureau of Statistics within 5 periods of SP1990, SUPAS 1995, SP2000, SUPAS 2005, and SP2010. In each period, the rate was lower without any difference. The Palmore Formula is considered a good method for estimating fertility rates.
Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada Organ Timpakul Periopthalmodon schlosseri dan Boleopthalamus boddarti di Desa Kuala Tambangan
Authors: Sabatano Holison Bendarani , Hidayaturrahmah Hidayaturrahmah , Krisdianto Krisdianto
Published: November 2021

Heavy metals found in water bodies will accumulate in sediments and bodies of aquatic biota both diffusion and through the food chain. This study was conducted to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals lead and cadmium in the organs of mudskipper P. schlosseri and B. boddarti, water, sediment, and small mangrove crabs as a food supplement. The collection was carried out in the Kuala Tambangan village by means of a purposive sample. The process of analysis of heavy metals is carried out on the gills, skin, liver, kidneys and embalmed meat. Surgical implants were analyzed using the ASS method. The first test results were the highest Pb metal 12.49 mg / kg and Cd 5.30 mg / kg in the kidney of P. schlosseri. The results of the analysis on the kidneys of B. boddarti species contained the highest Pb content of 7.56 mg / kg and Cd 3.94 mg / kg. The second test results of analysis of the content of heavy metals Pb and Cd in undetectable tympanic organs that is <0.24 mg / kg for all organs measured. The testing of the three Pb and Cd metal contents was partially undetectable, some containing heavy metals but still below the quality standard, except that the content of Cd in the liver of P. Schlosseri ie 0.364 mg / kg had exceeded the normal threshold. Pb metal content in tide water reaches 0.07 ml / l and passes the quality standard, while the Pb and Cd content in sediment and mangrove crabs as food chain is still below the standard and some heavy metals are not detected.
Apport de la protéomique à la découverte de biomarqueurs pour l’étude de la couleur de la viande bovine
Authors: GAGAOUA Mohammed , TERLOUW Claudia , PICARD2 Brigitte
Published: November 2021

Cette synthèse s’intéresse à l’apport de l’analyse protéomique et à la découverte de biomarqueurs pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à la variabilité et la stabilité de la couleur de la viande bovine. L’analyse intégrative des données protéomiques de la littérature révèle les principales signatures moléculaires et les mécanismes biologiques à l’origine de la couleur de la viande bovine. Une fouille de données des études protéomiques récentes sur la couleur de la viande a permis d’agréger 79 protéines biomarqueurs potentiels issues de 13 études. Les protéines sont associées à 6 processus biologiques interconnectés : métabolisme énergétique, réponses au stress cellulaire et oxydant, structure, voies de signalisation, protéolyse et apoptose. Avec un seuil d’identification dans au moins 3 études, 27 protéines ont été présélectionnées parmi lesquelles la β-énolase, la peroxiredoxine 6, la protéine de stress HSP27, la phosphoglucomutase 1, la superoxyde dismutase 1 et la μ-calpaïne ont été identifiées par au moins 5 études comme jouant un rôle significatif dans les variations de la couleur de la viande bovine.
The Effect of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth on Gender Development Index in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Nurwanti Silvina Esta , Kadarwati Nunik , Supadi Supadi , Adam Khalid Eltayeb Elfaki
Published: November 2021

The phenomenon of the development inequality between men and women is development problems that still occur in many regions and can be measured using gender development index. This research has purpose to analyze the factors that influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta and indentifying variables that has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research uses gender development index as dependent variable and was implemented in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, in contrast to the previous research that already exists. In this research, the author have a hypothesis formulation that all independent variables, government expenditure in education sector, government expenditure in health sector and economic growth has a positive effect on gender development index. This research uses a panel data regression analysis with fixed effect model (FEM) approach. The results of this research indicate that variable of government expenditures in education has a negative and significant effect on gender development index in Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, the variable of government expenditures in health and variable of economic growth has a positive and significant effect on gender development index in Province D.I. Yogyakarta, and the dependent variable has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta is a government expenditure on health. The implication of this research is the government to pay more attention to ability of each region in realizing the education expenditure, it is neccesary to strengthen cooperaton and equalize of mission both at the province and district/city level to optimize government performance, and need equality on education to reduce education gap in Special Region of Yogyakarta. For expenditure in the health sector, government should increase the percentage of budget allocation for health sector with provision minimum of 10 percent from local government revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) and need performance optimization in financial management so that health budget can be realized optimally as well. Meanwhile in economic growth, the government should to make equalize in the economic growth for each district or city so that can be enjoyed by all level of society. The limitations of this study are use of research data with a limited period and limited information on availability of information on each research variable used
El pez basa, panga o pangasius, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) (Siluriformes: Pangasiidae) en Colombia
Authors: Rueda García Ana María , Camelo Adriana , Correa-Ayram Camilo Andrés , Garzón Medina Camilo Andrés , Noguera Urbano Elkin Alexi , Castellanos Juan Pablo , Herrera Juliana , Nova León Laura Johanna , García Loaiza Lina Marcela , Jiménez-Segura Luz Fernanda , Rojas Rueda Mabel Tatiana , Escobar Lizarazo María Doris , Baptiste Espinosa María Piedad , Muñoz Cassolis Natalia , Pulido Santacruz Paola , Castro Blanco Paula
Published: November 2021

En el 2011 se realizó un análisis de la especie Pangasionodon hypophthalmus, que formó parte de la publicación sobre las especies acuáticas exóticas (Gutiérrez et al., 2012) y de conceptos posteriores como respuesta a requerimientos por parte del Minambiente, la Fiscalía General de la Nación y la Autoridad Nacional de Licencias Ambientales (Anla), que consideró los resultados de dicha evaluación como uno de los elementos de análisis para la posterior negación de la solicitud de introducción y cría del pez basa en el departamento del Huila, realizada por la organización Acuapez (Resolución 0389 de 2013). En 2016, tras la comprobación de la presencia de la especie en el país como resultado de su introducción ilegal (Valderrama et al., 2016), se reabrió la discusión sobre la introducción de la especie de manera legal, lo que convocó al Instituto Humboldt, como apoyo técnico del Minambiente, a contribuir con la generación de información técnica y científica para la toma de decisiones informada por parte de las autoridades de los sectores ambiental, agricultura y comercio. En el marco de este compromiso, el Instituto Humboldt priorizó la coordinación con redes de expertos nacionales, así como ejercicios internos interdisciplinarios con la perspectiva de aportar información sobre el estatus de la especie en el país, su distribución y las posibles interacciones con especies nativas en ecosistemas naturales. Con el propósito de alcanzar estos objetivos se identificó la necesidad de contar con toda la información bibliográfica necesaria y realizar los modelamientos sobre distribución, presencia actual y potencial en el país con la información disponible hasta el momento.
The utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and systemic immune-inflammation index in predicting survival in elderly patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture
Authors: BALA MEHMET MURAT
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Abnormalities of EEG Microstates In Drug-Naïve, First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Sun Qiaoling , Zhao Linlin , Tan Liwen
Published: November 2021

Objective: Microstate analysis is a powerful tool to probe the brain functions, and changes in microstates under electroencephalography (EEG) have been repeatedly reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of EEG microstates in drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia (FE-SCH) and to test the relationship between EEG microstates and clinical symptoms.Methods: Resting-state EEG were recorded for 23 patients with FE-SCH and 23 healthy controls using a 64-channel cap. Three parameters, i.e., contribution, duration, and occurrence, of the four microstate classes were calculated. Group differences in EEG microstates and their clinical symptoms (assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) were analyzed.Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with FE-SCH showed increased duration, occurrence and contribution of microstate class C and decreased contribution and occurrence of microstate class D. In addition, the score of positive symptoms in PANSS was negatively correlated with the occurrence of microstate D.Conclusions: Our findings showed abnormal patterns of EEG microstates in drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia, which might help distinguish individuals with schizophrenia in the early stage and develop early intervention strategies.
Modelling the Spatial Distribution of Habitats of Main Cephalopod Taxa in Inshore Waters of Zhejiang Province at Spring and Autumn
Authors: Chen Feng , Wei Guangen , Li Nan , Fang Zhou , Zhang Hongliang , Zhou Yongdong , Jiang Rijin
Published: November 2021

Due to the declining catch of the ground fish, cephalopod as a short-lived invertebrate with commercially important value has become the main fishery target species of East China Sea (ECS) in recent decades. Therefore, it is necessary to explore its habitat for the sustainable utilization. In this study, with the individual density of cephalopod derived from the fishery survey data in the coast of Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2019 and remote sensing data, the habitat suitability index (HSI) model of typical cephalopod (Loliginidae, Octopodidae, Sepiidae, and Sepiolidae) in spring and autumn was obtained. The habitat isolines of core zone, common zone and marginal zone were also established and then compared among different typical cephalopod taxa based on arithmetic mean model (AMM). The distribution ranges of SST and chlorophyll-a of cephalopod were respectively 12.95~21.91 ℃ and 0.52~5.57 mg/m3 in spring and 17.02~22.94℃ and 0.26~6.02 mg/m3 in autumn. The prediction results of the HSI model suggested that the cephalopod distribution areas were concentrated in the range of 122°~124°E, 29.5°~31°N, displaying the distribution direction from coastal area to the northeast. The accumulative density of the four cephalopod taxa in the area with HSI>0.6 accounted for 73.9%. The overlap between the prediction results of HSI model and the actual density in 2019 also proved the good predictability of HSI model based on AMM. Four cephalopod taxa showed distribution differences. Sepiolidae had the widest distribution area, whereas Octopodidae had the narrowest distribution area.
Dimethyl itaconate attenuates CFA-induced inflammatory pain via NLRP3/ IL-1β signaling pathway
Authors: Lin Jiaqi , Ren Jinxuan , Zhu Bin , Dai Yi , Gao Dave Schwinn , Xia Suyun , Cheng Zhenzhen , Huang Yangyuxin , Yu Lina
Published: November 2021

Background
Itaconate plays potent anti-inflammatory effects and has gradually been discovered as a promising drug candidate for treating inflammatory diseases. However, its roles and underlying mechanism on pain remain unknown.
Methods
In the current work, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dimethyl itaconate (DI, a derivative of itaconate) in a mouse model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. Male/Female C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: a vehicle group, an CFA group ,an CFA+PBS group and an CFA + DI(10mg /d and 20 mg/d) group.DI was performed for 11 consecutive days after CFA models were established.Paw withdrawal frequencies and paw withdrawal latencies were used to Behavioral Tests. The activation of macrophages and microglia, the level of proinflammatory cytokine production, the number of M1/M2 macrophages were evaluated .The possible involvement of the NLRP3/ IL-1β signaling pathway was also investigated.
Results
DI significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, decreased peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, and upregulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Interestingly, DI promoted macrophages at the inflammatory site polarization from M1 into M2 type. Additionally, DI inhibited activation of macrophages in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and microglia in the spinal cord, exhibiting reduced expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanismly, DI exerts the analgesic action primarily via inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and the release of IL-1β in derived and resident macrophages in the hind paw, DRG and spinal cord.
Conclusion
DI could alleviate the pain-like behavior of CFA mice by inhibiting the infiltration of plantar inflammatory cells and macrophages activation in DRG and microglia in the spinal cord. The analgesic behavior of itaconate was related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study suggested possible evidence for prospective itaconate utilization in the management of inflammatory pain for the first time.
Utilization status of sexual and reproductive health services among high school students in assosa zone; western ethiopia, 2021.
Authors: Hambisa Hunduma Dina , Kassa Simachew , Shiferaw Shumiye
Published: November 2021

Introduction: - Sexual and reproductive health service is critical for youths; because it does not only set the stage for health beyond the reproductive years; it also affects the health of the next generation. Youth is one of life’s most fascinating and complex life stages and accompanied by special sexual and reproductive health needs.Objective: - This study was aimed to determine; utilization status of sexual and reproductive health services and associated factors among high school students in Assosa Zone Western Ethiopia. Methods: - School-based quantitative cross sectional study was carried out among all students from systematically selected in high school of Assosa Zone. Total of 400 samples were proportionally allocated for the stratum and eligible students in were interviewed. Pretested structured questionnaires were employed to obtain quantitative data. The collected data was interred into Epidata version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 25 software.Results: - Over all utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by youth students was 32% in the past six months. Counseling services was the major (33.6%) service utilized and Private clinic was the major 73% place of sexual and reproductive health service utilized. Having pocket money [95 %CI (AOR=2.81(2.35, 5.09)], being sexually active [95 %CI (AOR=1.82(1.25, 3.26)], parental discussion [95 %CI (AOR=2.78(1.59, 4.67)], peer education was also significantly associated with utilization of sexual and reproductive health services. Conclusions: - Over all utilization of sexual and reproductive health service among youth students in the past six months was 32%. To improve youth’s sexual and reproductive health service utilization; increasing accessibility, awareness creation at all levels as well as making the service confidential should be interventional areas.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Amblyopia
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Hassanpour Kiana , Ahmadieh Hamid , Kheiri Bahareh , Rajabpour Mojtaba , Nourinia Ramin
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To determine the OCTA parameters including foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD) in the amblyopic eyes compared with the fellow sound eyes and the eyes of the non- amblyopic subjects. Methods: In this case- control study, a total of 62 eyes from unilateral amblyopic children (n= 23) and the age- and sex- matched healthy children (n= 8) were included. The sound eye of the amblyopic children was considered as the internal control (n= 23) and the both eyes of the non- amblyopic children (n= 16) were considered as the external control. All participants underwent image recording with the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) Results: The average age of 23 cases and 8 controls were 9.86±3.12 and 8.5±2.35 years, respectively. Twelve patients (52.2 %) in the case group and 8 subjects (50%) in the control group were female. Macular VD in different regions of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP) were comparable amongst the case group and both the internal and the external control groups. The average FAZ area was 0.26±0.06 µm2 in amblyopic eyes that was significantly larger than in the fellow eyes (0.21±0.06 µm2; P=0.007) and was comparable to the healthy controls. Conclusion: Lack of significant difference of the macular vessel density between the amblyopic and non- amblyopic eyes of the both internal and external controls may be attributed to this fact that the changes of the retinal vascular density cannot be considered as the pathogenesis of amblyopia.
Spatial Occurrence and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments Drive the Ecological Risk of Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Lang Xiulu , He Xinghua , Wang Yanhua , Chen Xi , Zhang Mingli , Zhao Zihan , Sun Tian
Published: November 2021

To study the spatial occurrence, sources, and ecological risks of 16 PAHs, surface sediments had been collected from seven major areas of Taihu Lake, China in April 2021. Results showed that the concentrations of ∑16PAHs varied between 1381.48~4682.16 ng g-1, and the contents of BghiP in each sample were the highest. The PAHs concentrations in the sediments near the lakeshore were much higher than those in the central area of the lake. The sedimentary ∑16PAHs were mainly composed of molecular-weight monomers and 4-ring PAHs showed superiority (35.69%~45.02%). According to the ratio of PAH monomer, the sedimentary PAHs in Taihu Lake were dominantly derived from the combustion. Through the biological toxicity assessment and the BaP equivalent (BaPE), great biological risks of PAHs monomers i.e. DahA and IcdP were found. Both concentrations of ∑16PAHs and dominant 4~6-ring monomers accompanied by carcinogenic risks in many areas of Taihu Lake increased. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take measures to control the input of organic pollutants.
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Peptide A233 Up-Regulates Mx Expression in Teleost Fish In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Rodriguez Rebeca Martinez , Fernandez-Trujillo Maria Alejandra , Hernandez Liz , Page Adrián , Béjar Julia , Estrada Mario Pablo
Published: November 2021

Aquaculture constitutes an alternative source for food production and contributes to the reduction of indiscriminate catch of aquatic organisms from their natural environment (Diaz & Neira, 2005; Beveridge et al., 2013). However, high mortality during larval state remains a challenge in this sector, mainly because of factors like diets and diseases induced by pathogens (Helvik et al., 2009; Stentiford et al., 2017). Therefore, growth and health management is a key strategy for sustainable aquaculture (Martinez et al., 2016a).
CARM1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression by Regulating TFE3 Mediated Autophagy Enhancement via Cytoplasmic AMPK-mTOR and Nuclear CARM1-TFE3 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yang Suzhen , Zhang Jing , Chen Di , Cao Jiayi , Zheng Ying , Han Yuying , Jin Yirong , Wang Shuhui , Wang Ting , Ma Lin , Luo Tingting , Wang Yan , Qin Wen , Dong Lei
Published: November 2021

Background: The role of CARM1 in tumors is contradictory. It acts as an oncogene in most kinds of cancers while inhibits the progression of liver and pancreatic cancers. CARM1 has recently been reported to regulate autophagy, which is also context-dependent. However, the effect of CARM1 on gastric cancer has not been studied. We aimed to explore whether CARM1 was involved in the progression of gastric cancer by regulating autophagy.Methods: The clinical values of CARM1 and autophagy in gastric cancer were determined by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to recognize autophagy. The role of CARM1 in gastric cancer was investigated by CCK8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays in vitro and xenograft model in vivo. Immunoprecipitation assay was performed to illustrate the interaction of CARM1 and TFE3.Results: CARM1 was upregulated in clinical GC tissues and cell lines, and higher CARM1 expression predicted worse prognosis. CARM1 enhanced GC cell proliferation, facilitated G1-S transition and inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. Importantly, the treatment of CARM1 inhibitor rescued the tumor-promoting effects of CARM1 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we proved CARM1 heightened TFE3 nuclear translocation to induce autophagy via cytoplasmic AMPK-mTOR and nuclear CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways.Conclusion: CARM1 promoted GC cell proliferation, accelerated G1-S transition and reduced ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. Mechanically, CARM1 triggered autophagy by facilitating TFE3 nuclear translocation via AMPK-mTOR and CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways.
Genetic Variability and Phylogeny of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Based On E6, E7 and L1 Genes in Central China
Authors: Han Shuizhong , Wang Xiaochuan , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Shuaijun , Ma Li
Published: November 2021

In the current study, a total of 74 single-infected HPV16 samples from females attending the gynecological outpatient clinic in four cities of Henan province were collected and applied to the L1, E6 and E7 sequencing. Variations of the HPV16 L1, E6 and E7 genes were characterized by comparison with reference sequence and the secondary structure analysis were conducted. Phylogenetic trees based on the L1 and E6-E7 sequences were constructed separately. B-cell epitopes of the HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins were predicted further. A total of thirty-seven novel variations, including twenty L1 genes and seventeen E6-E7 genes were identified. Compared with the reference sequence, twenty-eight variations (1.8%, 28/1596) were identified in L1 gene sequences and 10/28 (35.7%) were non-synonymous mutations. For E6-E7 sequences, twenty-five novel gene changes (including 16 mutations (3.4%, 16/477) in E6 gene, 9 mutations (3.0%, 9/297) in E7 gene) were found, 18/25 (72.0%) were non-synonymous and 10/28 (35.7%) were non-synonymous mutations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 56.8% (42/74) of the samples were A1 sublineages, 37.8% (28/74) were A4, 4.1% (3/74) were A3 and 1.4% (1/74) was A2 sublineages. On the prediction of B-cell epitopes, seven potent epitopes for E6 and four for E7 were identified. Amino mutations, including L90V, R62K, R142Q and F76L in E6, S63F and N29S/H in E7 changed the score. HPV16 variants prevalent in the central China belong to European A1 sublineages. Sequences of HPV16 L1, E6 and E7 in this study may provide assistant for the improvement of HPV vaccines.
Inhibition of COX-2 Ameliorates Murine Liver Schistosomiasis Japonica Through Splenic Cellular Immunoregulation
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chen Lan , Ji Xiaofang , Tang Juanjuan , Fu Cheng , Huang Ting , Shen Erxia , Li Zi
Published: November 2021

We have reported the positive association of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis with liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection, and TLR4 signaling controlled this axis. However, how COX-2 regulated immune response during Sj infection is still unclear. Here we further studied the effect of COX-2 specific inhibitor-NS398 on liver granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis and explored the mechanisms via evaluating different immune cell during Sj infection.The results showed that NS398 significantly reduced the size of liver granuloma, spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and alleviated chronic granulomatous inflammation. Mechanically, it might be via decreasing the numbers of Sj-induced T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, T follicular helper (Tfh), T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) and germinal center B (GCB) cells to alleviate the liver inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, there were no difference of the numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, MDSCs,Th17 and total B cells in the spleen of the mice with or without NS-398 treatment. Our above data suggests that COX-2/PGE2 inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic approach to schistosomiasis japonica.
Reducing Ventilator Alarms Through Decreased Rainout in Ventilator Circuits: A Bench Study
Authors: Bayoro Danielle , Meyer Matthew , Healy Daniel , Groepenhoff Herman , Waldmann Andreas , Rose Edward A. , Pedro Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Background:Alarm fatigue is a significant problem in healthcare, particularly in high acuity settings such as intensive care, surgery, and emergency departments. Alarms are triggered by various devices such as anesthesia machines, ventilators, patient monitors or humidifiers. Heated humidifiers (HH) used with mechanical ventilators, while necessary to prevent other complications associated with mechanical ventilator, may cause condensation in the ventilator circuit, prompting occlusion alarms indicating a risk for the patient. Technological advances in heated humidifier (HH) circuits may reduce rainout and therefore occlusion alarms. Methods:Bench experiments measured alarms and rainout of two commercially available humidifiers (AirLife DuoTherm™ and Fisher & Paykel MR850) and four different pediatric and adult patient’s breathing. The tests examined condensation accumulation after 24 hours of low-, nominal-, or high-flow rates of gas at low-, nominal-, and high-ambient temperature settings. Dual-limb designs of adult- and neonate-sized circuits underwent evaluation. Data on alarms was collected for each system.Results:Low temperature and occlusion alarms were statistically significantly lower in DuoTherm vs. MR850 HH circuits (6 vs. 68 alarms, respectively; p<nn). DuoTherm products accumulated significantly less rainout for all three circuit sizes at all ambient temperatures. In general, the set flow rate did not dramatically affect the amount of rainout for adult and infant circuits, but low versus high ambient temperatures yielded increased rainout for all circuit types (p < 0.02). Conclusions:The DuoTherm HH device and patient circuits developed significantly less alarms due to rainout and low temperatures compared to those from MR850 under all the conditions tested. Such reduction in patient alarms should help reduce alarm fatigue among healthcare workers in critical care settings.
Lichen communities as a multiscale correlative indicator of elevational and land use-land cover gradients in the Himalayas
Authors: Rai Himanshu , Khare Roshni , Upadhyay Deepak , Gupta Rajan Kumar , Ade Avinash B. , Singh Sarnam , Upreti Dalip Kumar
Published: November 2021

Elevation and land use/ land cover (LULC) plays an important role in the diversity of lichens in the Himalayas. The elevation gradients and LULC can be remotely assessed using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS). The current study was done in the Chopta-Tungnath landscape in the Kedarnath wildlife sanctuary, western Himalaya, India. Digital elevation modelling of the study area was done using shuttle radar topography mission data (SRTM-DEM) processed in Esri ArcGIS® ArcMAPTM 10.5, to assess the elevation gradient of the study area and selection of four lichen sampling sites. The LULC maps of the study area were prepared using Landsat 8 and Google Earth Pro 7.3.2.5776 imagery processed using LeicaTM ERDAS IMAGINE® 9.2. An elevation gradient of 2750 m to 3703m was recorded by SRTM-DEM. The LULC analysis resulted in five LULC classes of which the four sampling sites fall in the 3 LULC classes. The principal component analysis (PCA), used to analyse the lichen communities along the RS-GIS recognized LULC classes. The study found lichen communities to be a proxy to the LULC classes in the Himalayas with clear gradients of growth forms and habitat subsets along the increasing elevation gradient.
Error Control Mechanism Based on Reed-Solomon Code for Wireless Networks
Authors: WANG XINYU , SHI KAI , WANG JINSONG , LIN SHENG , XU GUANGPING , ZHANG JIAYI
Published: November 2021

The reliability of information transmission has a significant influence on network performance, so it has attracted extensive attention from researchers. Many error control mechanisms have been designed and proposed in order to improve the reliability of transmission. However, during transmission in wireless networks, high bit error rate and burst errors often occur, which poses great challenges in the design of error control mechanisms. The existing mechanisms suffer from a problem of either poor error correction ability or waste of network resources. The primary aim of this study is to develop an error control mechanism based on Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, which encodes packets using RS codes, and a re-encoding algorithm is designed for reducing the coded packet length. The proposed error control mechanism can not only reduce the number of redundant bits in the transmission process but also improve the error correction ability as much as possible when burst errors occur. Therefore, both the error correction ability and the network utility are considered in this work. The proposed mechanism was verified by experiments using the NS2 simulator. The experimental results verified the error control ability and throughput performance of the proposed mechanism.
Economic Evaluation of Community-Based Falls Prevention Interventions: A Systematic Methodological Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kwon Joseph , Squires Hazel , Franklin Matt , Lee Yujin , Young Tracey
Published: November 2021

Background: Falls impose significant health and economic burdens on older people, making their prevention a priority for care decision-makers. The volume of falls prevention economic evaluations has increased, the findings from which have been synthesised by systematic reviews (SRs) with pre-specified criteria (e.g., objectives, eligibility, data extraction). Such SRs can inform commissioning and design of future evaluations, particularly decision models; however, their findings can be biased and partial dependent on their pre-specified criteria. This study aims to conduct a systematic overview (SO) to: (1) systematically identify SRs of community-based falls prevention economic evaluations; (2) describe the methodology and findings of SRs; (3) critically appraise the methodology of SRs; and (4) suggest commissioning recommendations based on SO findings. Methods: The SO followed the PRISMA guideline and the Cochrane guideline on SO, covering the period 2003-2020. Identified SRs’ aims, search strategies and results, extracted data fields, quality assessment methods and results, and commissioning and research recommendations were synthesised. The comprehensiveness of previous SRs’ data synthesis was judged against criteria drawn from expert guideline and academic literature on falls prevention/public health economic evaluation. Outcomes of general population, lifetime decision models were re-analysed to inform commissioning recommendations. The SO protocol is registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021234379).Results: Seven SRs were identified, which extracted 8 to 33 data fields from 44 relevant economic evaluations. Four economic evaluation methodological/reporting quality checklists were used; three SRs narratively synthesised methodological features to varying extent and focus. SRs generally did not appraise decision modelling features, including methods for characterising dynamic complexity of falls risk and intervention need. Their commissioning recommendations were based mainly on cost-per-unit ratios (e.g., incremental cost-effectiveness ratios) and neglected aggregate impact. There is model-based evidence of multifactorial and environmental interventions, home assessment and modification and Tai Chi being cost-effective but also the risk that they exacerbate social inequities of health. Conclusions: Current SRs of falls prevention economic evaluations do not holistically inform commissioning and evaluation design. Accounting for broader decisional factors including intervention reach and capacity constraints and a broader grasp of methodological nuances of economic evaluations, particularly decision models, are needed.
Enhanced Diagnosis of the COVID-19 Behaviour Using the Rough Set Theory and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Esmaeilpour Mansour , Kashef Rasha
Published: November 2021

The outbreak of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has created an excellent challenge for the care system worldwide. One in every of the foremost vital points of this challenge is that the management of COVID-19 patients needing acute and/or vital metastasis care. The main objective of applying data mining to Covid-19 dataset is essential to propel learning by empowering data-oriented decision making to improve existing clinical practices and learning materials. Current data mining techniques offer patient data analysis for achieving an automated diagnosis of the diseases as an example; however, the results are not very accurate nor reliable, especially with a dynamic virus as the COVID-19. In this paper, we are proposing a multi-stage diagnostic (MSD-Covid19) model to enhance the diagnosis of the COVID-19, and to provide a sustainable automated system to improve the healthcare systems and patient outcomes. The first stage includes a selection of a classification model with no reduction attributes. Tested classification algorithms include Deep learning, Multilayer Perceptron, KNN, Bayesian Auto Regression, Logistic Model Trees (LMT), Hoeffding tree (VFDT), and Fuzzy Unordered Rule Induction Algorithm. In the second stage, a rough set reduction algorithm based on genetic algorithms is employed, and finally, an optimization of the classification is conducted using the reduced attributes. The proposed model is evaluated on a global COVID-19 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MSD-Covid19 has a great contribution to increase the diagnostic accuracy of the COVID-19 disease behaviour.
Scrutinizing Attacks and Evaluating Performance Appraisal Parameters via Feature Selection in Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Kaur Navroop , Bansal Meenakshi , S Sukhwinder Singh
Published: November 2021

In modern times the firewall and antivirus packages are not good enough to protect the organization from numerous cyber attacks. Computer IDS (Intrusion Detection System) is a crucial aspect that contributes to the success of an organization. IDS is a software application responsible for scanning organization networks for suspicious activities and policy rupturing. IDS ensures the secure and reliable functioning of the network within an organization. IDS underwent huge transformations since its origin to cope up with the advancing computer crimes. The primary motive of IDS has been to augment the competence of detecting the attacks without endangering the performance of the network. The research paper elaborates on different types and different functions performed by the IDS. The NSL KDD dataset has been considered for training and testing. The seven prominent classifiers LR (Logistic Regression), NB (Naïve Bayes), DT (Decision Tree), AB (AdaBoost), RF (Random Forest), kNN (k Nearest Neighbor), and SVM (Support Vector Machine) have been studied along with their pros and cons and the feature selection have been imposed to enhance the reading of performance evaluation parameters (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1Score). The paper elaborates a detailed flowchart and algorithm depicting the procedure to perform feature selection using XGB (Extreme Gradient Booster) for four categories of attacks: DoS (Denial of Service), Probe, R2L (Remote to Local Attack), and U2R (User to Root Attack). The selected features have been ranked as per their occurrence. The implementation have been conducted at five different ratios of 60-40%, 70-30%, 90-10%, 50-50%, and 80-20%. Different classifiers scored best for different performance evaluation parameters at different ratios. NB scored with the best Accuracy and Recall values. DT and RF consistently performed with high accuracy. NB, SVM, and kNN achieved good F1Score.
Identification of Isosteric Replacements of Glycosyl Domain of Ligands by Data Mining
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Meng , Liu Yan , Zhang Yuezhou
Published: November 2021

Biologically equivalent replacements of key moieties in molecule rationalizes scaffold hopping, patent busting or R-group enumeration, yet heavily depending upon the expert-defined space therefore is subjective and might be biased to the chemistries they get used to. Most importantly, these explorations are often informatively incomplete since it is often confined within try-and-error cycle, only meaning what kind of substructures are suitable for the replacement occur, but fail to disclose the driving forces to support such interchanges. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) repository involving receptor-ligand interactional information reminds poorly exploited. However, manual screening the PDB become almost impossible to excavate the bioisosteric know-how with the exponentially increase of data. Therefore, a textual content parsing workflow is developed to automatedly mine local structural replacement (LSR) of specific structure. Taking the glycosyl domain for instance, a total of 41652 replacements that overlap on nucleotide ribose were identified and categorized based on their SMILE codes. Predominately ring system, such as aliphatic aromatic ring, yet amide and sulfonamide replacement also occurred. We believe these findings may enlighten medicinal chemists to design and optimize ligand structure using bioisosteric replacement strategy.