bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing on a pin: Serbian populists, the European Union and Russia
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Spasojević Dušan
Published: March 2023

This report investigates the consequences of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the Serbian party system. The Serbian case has two unique characteristics. The first is the final status of Kosovo, which Serbia has traditionally relied on Russian support over (as a member of the UN Security Council). However, Ukraine has also respected the territorial integrity of Serbia and did not recognize Kosovo. The second characteristic is Serbia’s ruling party, the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS). Unlike many other Eastern European populist parties, the SNS is formally pro-European Union. Since the beginning of the war, the ruling parties have been under international pressure to join sanctions against Russia; on the other side, the opposition splits between right-wing supporters of Russia and left-wing and liberal parties with weak support for international sanctions. This report aims to analyse the potential change in the ideological positions of Serbian parties — especially the populist ones — due to the significant changes in the international landscape occasioned by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
The Spanish Radical Right under the shadow of the invasion of Ukraine
Authors:   University of Salamanca, Marcos-Marne Hugo
Published: March 2023

Despite the geographical distance, the war in Ukraine has brought to the fore links between the Russian establishment and Radical Right forces in Spain. Both scholars and pundits have taken an interest in the question, which spread to party competition, quickly turning into a (discursive) race away from Putin as the consequences of war become more evident. Despite the war’s unquestioned relevance and previous links between Russia and the Radical Right in Spain (albeit less established than in other European countries), a systematic analysis of the effects of the invasion is missing. This report addresses this gap by focusing on the impact of the Ukraine invasion on party discourse and public opinion in Spain. It analyses records of proceedings from the Spanish Parliament, Twitter messages posted by the VOX party and its leader, and survey data gathered since February 2022 by the Spanish Center for Sociological Research (CIS). The main findings at the party level highlight the relatively weak associations between the Kremlin and The Radical Right in Spain (compared to other European countries), as well as efforts to separate from Putin after the invasion started. A more complex pattern of preferences is identified at the individual level.
Disagreement among populists in the Netherlands: The diverging rhetorical and policy positions of Dutch populist Radical Right parties following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
Authors:   Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijhuis Chris , Verbeek Bertjan , Zaslove Andrej
Published: March 2023

The Netherlands boasts a wide array of populist Radical Right parties, from the Freedom Party (PVV) and Forum for Democracy (FvD) to Correct Alternative 2021 (JA21). To complicate matters further, the left-wing Socialist Party (SP) is also considered a populist party. Mirroring the diversity of responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in the rest of Europe, Dutch populist parties have reacted in myriad ways. Whereas the PVV condemned the Russian invasion, the FvD remained highly supportive of Putin. Interestingly, while many European populist Radical Right leaders, following public opinion, pivoted away from support for Russia, the FvD has maintained its support for Putin’s regime throughout 2022. JA21, on the other hand, has followed the non-populist parties, calling for tougher sanctions on Russia. This report maps the diverse positions of the three populist Radical Right parties regarding Russia. However, we also seek to explain why they have chosen such diverse paths. The report focuses on supply-side considerations, such as the impact of the parties’ relative degree of populism, their attaching ideology, and their position in the highly fragmented party system.
A foreign policy litmus test: How the war in Ukraine has fuelled populist rhetoric in Erdoğan’s Turkey
Authors:   Istanbul Bilgi University, Erdoğan Emre
Published: March 2023

The war in Ukraine is a defining historical moment that demonstrates the limitations of contemporary politics. Even the most pessimistic scholars did not conceive of a direct military conflict in the heart of the Eurasian landmass. Moreover, this conflict has exposed the limitations of populism in foreign policy. Despite rare instances of rhetorical cooperation with Russia, the populist politicians of Europe remained committed to Atlanticist foreign policies. Turkey, a textbook example of populist governance, offers a superb illustration of how the international zeitgeist constrains populist politicians’ goals. The “balanced” approach of Turkey’s foreign policy, which is dictated by its asymmetrical interdependence with Russia, aims to strengthen Turkey’s role as a regional force through mediation. In the meantime, the pressure of upcoming presidential elections and the country’s economic position are additional obstacles. An examination of Erdoğan’s speeches over the past year reveals that he has replicated this balanced approach in his discourse as the leader of Turkey. Keywords: Turkey; Ukraine–Russia war; foreign policy; populism.
The Effectiveness of Extracurricular Educational Games on the Achievement Level of Third-Grade Students in Islamic Education
Authors: Yousef Ahmad Kh , Ashraah Mamduh Menazel , Hendawi Manal , Ghuwairi Maha Salama
Published: March 2023

The goal of this study is to determine whether playing extracurricular educational games increases third-grade primary children's academic achievement levels in Jordan. The study sample includes 56 male and female students (28 male and 28 female) from Madaba Governorate's Al-Khansaa Secondary Comprehensive School for Girls. A two-group quasi-experimental design is used, with an experimental group and a control group. An achievement test, three educational games, and resources relating to three topics of supplication, travel etiquette, and playing etiquette, are produced and used by the researcher. The experimental group is taught these concepts through educational games in the schoolyard, while the control group receives traditional classroom instruction. SPSS software is used to conduct a statistical analysis. The achievement test results for the control and experimental groups do not indicate any statistically significant (α≤0.05) differences. The results reveal no statistically significant (α≤0.05) gender-related variations in the experimental group's level of success. The researchers suggest that Islamic education sessions might be designed to avoid the characteristic inertia, using extracurricular educational games.
Northern Parulas (Setophaga americana) mobbing a Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) depredating an adult Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola)
Authors: Ted. E. Gilliland
Published: March 2023

Abstract  Pearly-eyed Thrashers (Margarops fuscatus) are known for their aggressive behavior toward other birds. This article provides the first record of Neotropical migratory passerines, Northern Parulas (Setophaga americana), mobbing a Pearly-eyed Thrasher while it was depredating an adult Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola). This mobbing behavior suggests the Pearly-eyed Thrasher may be a predator of Neotropical migratory passerines. This article also provides the first photographic documentation of a Pearly-eyed Thrasher in the process of depredating an adult bird, which complements previous written accounts. 

Keywords  Margarops fuscatus, mobbing, Neotropical migratory passerines, Pearly-eyed Thrasher, predation  

Resumen  Setophaga americana acosando a Margarops fuscatus mientras depreda un adulto de Coereba flaveola • Margarops fuscatus es conocido por su comportamiento agresivo hacia otras aves. Este artículo proporciona el primer registro del paseriforme migratorio neotropical, Setophaga americana, acosando a un individuo de Margarops fuscatus mientras depredaba a un adulto de Coereba flaveola. Este comportamiento de acoso sugiere que Margarops fuscatus puede ser un depredador de paseriformes migratorios neotropicales. Este artículo también proporciona la primera documentación fotográfica de esta especie en el proceso de depredar un ave adulta, que complementa los relatos escritos anteriores. 

Palabras clave  acoso, depredación, Margarops fuscatus, paserinas migratorias neotropicales  

Résumé  Paruline à collier (Setophaga americana) harcelant un Moqueur corossol (Margarops fuscatus) alors qu’il prédatait un Sucrier à ventre jaune (Coereba flaveola) adulte • Les Moqueurs corossols (Margarops fuscatus) sont connus pour leur comportement agressif envers les autres oiseaux. Cet article présente la première mention de passereaux migrateurs néotropicaux, des Parulines à collier (Setophaga americana), harcelant un Moqueur corossol alors qu’il prédatait un Sucrier à ventre jaune (Coereba flaveola) adulte. Ce comportement de harcèlement suggère que le Moqueur corossol pourrait être un prédateur de passereaux migrateurs néotropicaux. Cet article fournit également la première documentation photographique d’un Moqueur corossol en train de prédater un oiseau adulte, ce qui complète les comptes rendus écrits précédents. 

Mots clés  harcèlement, Margarops fuscatus, Moqueur corossol, passereaux migrateurs néotropicaux, prédation
The Root of the Antilles: a History of the Todidae Family
Authors: Thomas W. Sherry
Published: March 2023

THE ROOT OF THE ANTILLES: A HISTORY OF THE TODIDAE FAMILY. José González Díaz and Felisa Collazo Torres. 2019. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Utuando, Puerto Rico. 150 pages. ISBN 978-1727036404. $35.00.
ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՆՍՏԻՏՈՒՑԻՈՆԱԼ ՄԻՋԱՎԱՅՐԸ ԵՎ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՄԻՏՈՒՄՆԵՐԸ․ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՀԱՄԱԴՐՈՒԹՅՈԻՆ / INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
Authors: TARPOSHYAN HAKOB
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to identify the problems in the institutional environment in Armenia through an analysis of the development and trends in the quality of institutions. As a result of the research, a chronological and comparative study of Armenia's institution environment was conducted using comparable data measuring the quality of the institutes.
Based on our analysis, we concluded that, in contrast to comparable countries, the quality of Armenia's institutions did not improve during its independence period.
Evidence of COVID-19’s financial epidemiology on the ASEAN-5 stock indices
Authors: Hamil Nuryasmin Wahida Binti , Zainudin Ahmad Danial Bin , Wider Walton
Published: March 2023

Little research has been done to determine whether the pandemic’s impact is strong enough to innovate all of the ASEAN-5 stock indices. The traditional studies of financial epidemiology in regional equities mainly focus on the major global stock markets. This paper utilizes the conventional t-test and the advanced computational power of the Wavelet Power Energy Spectrum (WPES) to investigate the magnitude of the significance of the COVID-19 impacts on the ASEAN-5 stock indices. Our t-test confirms that the pandemic has caused significant changes to the overall stock index activities. Further, the WPES analysis yielded notable results based on the spectrogram plots. First, based on the spectral analysis, during pandemic, the ASEAN-5 stock indices experienced episodes of innovation in terms of market activities. It was also observed that the regional stock indices experienced phases of volatility persistence, volatility clustering and long memory of up to four months. We conclude that, due to the impact of the pandemic, trend-following investors can’t dominate the market as they react quickly and efficiently to new information. It is suggested that asset allocation strategists particularly should regularly review and conduct climate tests on their baskets to ensure their positions are durable and resistant to shocks. The results of this study offer significant insights for both institutional and retail investors, particularly in strategizing investment baskets during uncertainties.
Assessment of reference dose levels for nuclear medicine center in Jordan
Authors: Alayed Tasneem
Published: March 2023

This study aims to evaluate diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for nuclear medicine (NM) imaging studies in Jordan. The parameters of the current study obtained from different NM modalities conducted for adult patients imaging. The Administrated Activity (AA) of a radioactive substance (MBq) was collected from four hospitals specialized in nuclear medicine imaging at Amman City. According to ICRP recommendation, the established DRLs values obtained based on the 75th percentile of the AA values. The obtained results were compared with several international results. The DRLs' values for Jordan were located within the recommended range.
Assessment of anti-psychotic drug utilisation in psychiatry ward of tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: March 2023

A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study from October 2021 to April 2022. Total numbers of drugs prescribed were found to be 244 including the anti-psychotics. The total numbers of anti-psychotics prescribed were found to be 160. The ratio of anti-psychotics to the total number of drugs was found to be 65.7%. Antipsychotics were the most used drugs (69.6%) followed by multivitamins (7.37%), following them were proton pump inhibitors (5.73%), they were followed by analgesics (5.32%), following analgesics were cognition enhancers (4.9%), cognition enhancers were followed by mood stabilizers (4.09%), mood stabilizers were followed by anti-hypertensives (3.2%) which in turn were followed by anticholinergics (2.04%) and calcium+ vitamin D3 supplements (1.6%).
Susceptibility and resistance pattern of bacterial isolates and development of antibiogram in a tertiary care hospital of western India
Authors: Vaghasiya Jitendra
Published: March 2023

The main issue in India and at a global level that led to antibiotic resistance is misuse, irrational prescribing of antibiotics, and lack of sufficient data on antibiotic resistance at a local, regional, and national level to develop antibiotic policy that guides all healthcare professional while prescribing antibiotics. The present study was carried out for 12 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital in western India to develop an antibiogram and to check antimicrobial resistance trends in the hospital. Out of 500 patients, 53.6% were male and 46.4% were female patients. A total of 17 bacterial species were identified throughout the study with gram-negative species infections being most common in hospitals. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated gram-negative species. Ceftriaxone was most prescribed frequently followed by amoxicillin and azithromycin, respectively. In the gram-positive organism, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin resistance rate was 65.35% and 35% respectively. Overall, in the study Cceftriaxone (58%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (38.9%), Azithromycin (56%), and ciprofloxacin (53%) were found most resistant antibiotics, and Amikacin (72%), Clindamycin (18%) were most sensitive. Gram-negative infections were identified mostly and cephalosporine and fluoroquinolones antibiotics were showing high antibiotic resistance. An institutional hospital antibiogram was developed to check local antimicrobial agents for various bacteria.
The development of molecular docking and molecular dynamics and their application in the field of chemistry and computer simulation
Authors: Al-hussaniy Hany Akeel
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of modern life science, computational Molecular docking has gradually become one of the core disciplines and methods of modern life science research. Computational docking studies the relationship between the structure and pharmacodynamics of biological macromolecules and the interaction between biological macromolecules and ligands. It promotes the development of protein engineering, protein design, and computer-aided drug design with powerful and various docking software in predicting the three-dimensional structure and dynamic characteristics of proteins from protein sequences. Nowadays, this computing power can be provided by the GPU through the use of a general-purpose computing model on GPUs. This article presents two approaches to parallelizing the descriptive algorithms on the GPU to solve the molecular docking problem and then evaluating them in terms of the computation time achieved. The proposed approaches are effective in accelerating molecular docking on GPUs compared to a single-core or multicore CPU. Besides introducing parallelization approaches, we propose a new descriptive algorithm based on the bee swarm algorithm to solve the molecular docking problem as an alternative to traditional descriptive algorithms such as the genetic algorithm.
Swotting effective hypertension therapy: Ramipril versus telmisartan
Authors: Das Rina
Published: March 2023

One of the most important, globally controllable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and early mortality is hypertension. Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, both of which inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, are becoming more common as initial treatments for the management of hypertension patients with which ramipril and telmisartan being the most frequently used. Telmisartan has the highest affinity for the AT1 receptor of all the ARBs.Ramipril and telmisartan both are found to provide a variety of therapeutic advantages. In this study, a detailed comparative analysis has been done between ramipril and telmisartan regarding their efficacy, safety, monotherapy as well as combination therapy outcome and measures to be taken while considering both drugs. This study focused on which one is more successful in treating hypertension individuals, while also having a superior safety profile and combining the two medications which one is linked to more side effects, additional benefits, or other important information to eliminate the hazards connected to blood pressure increase while minimizing negative effects on quality of life.
Characteristics of paediatric adverse drug reaction reports in Malaysia
Authors: Rekha Beldona Hema
Published: March 2023

During clinical trials, special populations such as children, pregnant women and elderly are excluded, creating lack of information on safety profile of medicines in these population. The lack of reliable efficacy and safety data often leads to under- or over-dosing in paediatric age groups which make them susceptible to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of ADR reports and serious ADRs among paediatric population in Malaysia. Descriptive analyses were undertaken for demographic characteristics and severity of the ADRs. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify association between selected variables and ADRs. A total of 3410 paediatric case reports for 6769 ADRs were reported within the 5-year period. Children aged one to 12 years old were the most frequently reported to experience ADRs (n=5488, 81%). Male gender exceeds more than half of the ADR reports (n=3812, 56.3%) and Malay race has the highest ADR reports (n=4780, 72%). Majority of the ADR reports were not serious (n=6285, 93%). Anti-infective medicines contributed most of the ADR reports (n=6024, 75%). The most common ADRs were from general disorders and administration site conditions (n=2879, 43%). A binary logistic regression showed male gender were more likely to experience nervous and respiratory system disorder ADRs (p < 0.05). Surveillance of medicines marketed for use in children must be strengthened to prevent severe life-threatening ADRs. Effective support decision tool for prescribing in paediatric population with an integrated pharmacovigilance monitoring will support continuous safety monitoring for all marketed medicines.
Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Cajanus Cajan Linn. with special reference to germination, vegetative and biochemical aspects
Authors: Tulasi S Lakshmi
Published: March 2023

The synthesis of Nanoparticle using plant extracts considered as clean and environmentally accepted “green chemistry” concept. The utilization of zinc nanoparticle in the field of agriculture as growth promoting agent were not adequately studied. The present study was intended to synthesise the zinc nanoparticle using aqueous extracts of Schrebera swietenioides Roxb., and the synthesized nanoparticle was evaluated for its applications in the field of agriculture and removal of pollutants in water.The zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using aqueous leaf extract of S. swietenioides and 0.1 M zinc acetate. The formation nanoparticle were identified by observing the colour change of the reaction mixture. The formed nanoparticle was collected by centrifugation followed by washing several times with distilled water and then drying of the particles in air oven. The nanoparticle was characterized using various characterization techniques such as UV spectra ,SEM, and FT-IR. The applicability of the synthesised nanoparticles in the agriculture field was evaluated in terms of its effect on the seed germination and growth enhancement of seedlings. The zinc nanoparticle was studied for the seed germination and plant growth promotion of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan Linn.) The influence of nanopriming on the root length, shoot length, chlorophyll content and metal uptake was evaluated.
A background review on zika virus infection with current update on Indian scenario
Authors: Nikam Dhirajkumar
Published: March 2023

It was in Uganda that the Zika virus was discovered for the first time in 1947. Later in 1952, researchers isolated an infectious agent from rhesus monkeys. 60 years later, in 2007, the first outbreak of Zika virus happened in Brazil. Afterwards cases of infection were reported from Tanzania, Egypt, South Asia, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines. The most common reason for infection was travelling to infected regions. The main concern in this infection is microcephaly in new born babies and foetuses. In 2016, the first outbreak of Zika virus infection occurred in India, the first three cases were discovered in Gujarat and later one case was found in Tamil Nadu. After two years in two Indian states another outbreak was reported in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh with 153 and 130 cases, respectively. Infection spreads due to Aedes aegypti mosquito bites or sexual transmission. Zika virus symptoms include mild fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. It is necessary to conduct some serological and molecular analyses to diagnose infection. There is no specific vaccine or treatment for Zika virus infection till yet. In this review, we explored all the factors related to zika virus infection in detail, including virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and symptoms with special emphasis on cases in India.
A review on current epidemiology and molecular studies of lumpy skin disease virus-an emerging worldwide threat to domestic animals
Authors: Dubey Anubhav
Published: March 2023

In South Asia, cattle are afflicted by the expanding virulent condition known as Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), and sheep pox and goat pox are caused by the Capri virus. These illnesses endanger worldwide trade. Due to inadequate immunisations and poverty in rural areas, Capricorn poxviruses are spreading. This is due to the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 epidemic, debilitating sanctions in endemic countries, a growth in the legal and criminal trade of live animals and animal products, and global climate change. Skin spores are the main route of infection; however, the virus is also excreted through bodily fluids and semen. As a result, the virus is transmitted to susceptible hosts by biting flies, mosquitoes, and other insects. Insects can be transstadial and transovarial. Lumpy skin disease lesions can swell and rupture after 7 to 14 days in experimental settings, but it usually takes 2 to 5 weeks in a normal infection. Lumpy skin disease is characterised by hard, constrictive, few (mild forms) to numerous (severe forms) skin nodules that may encompass respiratory, urogenital, and other organ mucous membranes. Consequently, milk output decreases, and in countries that raise cattle, there are more abortions, cases of temporary or permanent infertility, hide damage, and mortality, all of which result in a financial loss. The best method for limiting the spread and monetary impacts of lumpy skin disease is mass immunisation and other management measures. This review provides the latest information on lumpy skin disease's viral biology, transmission, clinical, and pathological aspects.
Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of melaleuca cajuputi essential oil on chronic immobilization stress (CIS)-Induced mice model
Authors: Sul'ain Mohd Dasuki
Published: March 2023

The preliminary studies showed that Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) contained several phytochemicals of antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of MCEO on chronic immobilization stress (CIS)-induced mice.Eight groups of male Swiss albino mice were divided into control, CIS+DMSO, CIS+amitriptyline and CIS+MCEO at different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% v/v). All mice groups except the control were subjected to a 2-hours CIS procedure for 15 days. All MCEO treatments were administered through the inhalation route, while the amitriptyline was via intraperitoneal from day 16 to 20. The anxiolyticandantidepressant effects of MCEO were evaluated via behavioural tests, histopathological changes and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) level on day 21. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s posthoc test with the significant level of P<0.05.At its lowest concentration (1% v/v), MCEO has significantly reduced depression-like behaviour, while the anxiolytic effect appeared at concentration 5% v/v. The mice’s body weights were significantly increased (P<0.0001) at the concentrations of 5, 7.5 and 10% v/v. Meanwhile, at 7.5 and 10% v/v, MCEO able to significantly increase the granular cell layer (GCL) and pyrimidal cell layer (PCL) surface areas (P<0.05). For CRH level, it has been reduced from the lowest MCEO concentration. MCEO exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, probably due to the phytochemical constituents that regulated in the CRH pathway which lead to an increase of the GCL and PCL surface areas.
Association of Work-related posture and stress with Scapular dyskinesis among Computer professionals
Authors: kumar Pragya
Published: March 2023

Abnormal stress due to poor posture and work environment are contributing factors in musculoskeletal adaptations resulting in problems like neck pain, back pain, shoulder pain, etc. The scapula plays several roles in facilitating optimal shoulder function and it is very important for the function of the upper extremity. Thereby impact of work-related posture & stress on computer professionals with scapular dyskinesis should be established. 350 male computer professionals (Mean Age = 34.89±8.51 years) following written informed consent were recruited from IT companies and volunteered for this study. Computer professionals involved in fieldwork, with BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 , having congenital postural deformities, undergone neck/shoulder surgeries were excluded from the study. Each professional was examined for scapular dyskinesis using Kibler’s rating system (Yes/No method). Professionals were then examined for Work related posture using - Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) & Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and perception of stress during work [Perceived stress scale (PSS)]. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the association was analyzed using chi-square and bivariate logistic regression. (Level of significance p<0.05). In the present study, 78% (n = 273) of computer professionals were found to have scapular dyskinesis. Assessment using ROSA indicated 56.3% (n= 197, χ² (1, n=350) =11.0, p=0.004] [(OR = 0.54; p=0.01)] computer professionals have moderate risk, 15.1% (n=53) have mild and 6.6% (n=23) have a moderate risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Similarly, the RULA scale assessment highlighted 66% [(n=231, χ² (1, n=350) =11.3, p=0.045] [OR =0.87; p=0.28)] computer professionals having poor posture, 7.2% (n=25) with worst posture and only 4.8% (n=17) having mild deviation. Perception of stress during work was low in 4.3% (n=15), moderate in 67.1% [(n=235, χ² (1, n=350) =2.5, p=0.27][(Exp(B)=0.95; p=0.04)]) and high in 23% (n=23) computer professionals. The present study concluded that computer professionals with scapular dyskinesis represent poor posture and have a moderate risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders along with moderate stress while working on computers.
Reactie op Duijst (NTS 2022/06): Geweldhandelingen tegen het hoofd
Authors: Botter D. (Daan) , Van Driessche P.M.I. (Pieter) , Berger C.E.H. (Charles)
Published: March 2023

Reactie op Duijst (NTS 2022/06): Geweldhandelingen tegen het hoofd

In ‘Feiten van algemene bekendheid betreffende geweldhandelingen tegen het hoofd’ betoogt prof. Duijst dat rechters te gemakkelijk gebruik maken van ‘feiten van algemene bekendheid’ om tot een bewezenverklaring te komen. Het artikel suggereert dat de risico’s van geweld tegen het hoofd daarbij te hoog zouden worden ingeschat.

Naar onze mening is het artikel deels gestoeld op tekortkomingen in de uitleg van de anatomie van het hoofd, de pathofysiologie na geweldsinwerkingen tegen het hoofd en de biomechanische aspecten. Hierdoor wordt onterecht geconcludeerd of minstens gesuggereerd dat de kans op ernstige of levensbedreigende schade door geweld tegen het hoofd laag zou zijn.
Kansgrootte en ervaringsregels bij voorwaardelijk opzet
Authors: ter Haar R. (Rob) , van den Brink S.E. (Sabine)
Published: March 2023

Kansgrootte en ervaringsregels bij voorwaardelijk opzet

Naar aanleiding van D. Botter, P.M.I. Van Driessche, C.E.H. Berger, ‘Reactie op Duijst (NTS 2022/06): Geweldshandelingen tegen het hoofd’, NTS 2023/04 en een uitspraak van de rechtbank Amsterdam van 1 juli 2022 (ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2022:3865) gaan de auteurs nader in op het verschil van mening tussen Duijst en de auteurs van het NFI, maar staan zij ook in meer algemene zin stil bij het leerstuk voorwaardelijk opzet en dan met name het belang en invulling van het begrip ‘aanmerkelijke kans’. Zij concluderen dat, hoewel Duijst een punt heeft, de soep niet zo heet behoeft te worden gegeten als zij wordt opgediend.
STATUS OF ELT AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL IN KARBI ANGLONG DISTRICT: A DISCUSSION
Authors: Choudhury GM Dr. Al Kafil
Published: March 2023

English language teaching (ELT) should be effective for all concerned at the secondary level to meet its objectives so that in higher levels the learners as well as teachers would carry out the process without constraints. Keeping view of the above, a study is conducted amongst the secondary institutions of Karbi Anglong District of Assam. In this regard, 50 institutions are surveyed to find out the status of ELT through field investigation, interviews with both learners and teachers. The survey found out some observations that reveal a very poor status of ELT at secondary level that consequently affects the teaching of English at the senior secondary and undergraduate levels. This article discusses the status of ELT at the secondary level and the reasons behind its weakness in the said region. It analyses how the teachers of undergraduate institutions face trouble to deal with the students coming out of those secondary schools. It also tries to find out the reasons, and puts forward suggestions and recommendations to develop the present status of ELT.
تقدير الفترة المثلى لاستبدال المكائن باستعمال انموذج الاستبدال العمري تحت معيار أقل كلفة
Authors: العامري بهاء , نصر الله مهدي
Published: March 2023

ليوم ونتيجة التقدم التكنلوجي الهائل و التعقيد في صناعة الآلات والمكائن اصبح من الصعب تحديد التوزيع الملائم لأوقات فشل المكائن والمعدات بالاعتماد على التوزيعات القياسية اي باتت نمذجة اوقات الفشل باستعمال التوزيعات الاحتمالية الجديدة امراً ضرورياً. وهذا بدوره يؤدي بالوصول الى قرارات علمية وعملية سليمة لاسيما في موضوع صيانة واستبدال المكائن والمعدات بهدف تخفيض التكاليف والمحافظة على سير العملية الانتاجية بدون وقوع خسائر.

وعليه يهدف البحث الى توظيف التوزيع الاحتمالي المركب كامبل المبتور من اليسار- ويبل في تطوير النماذج الرياضية الخاصة بتقدير الفترة المثلى للاستبدال العمري الوقائي للمكائن والمعدات و تحت معياريي اقل كلفة و اقل وقت للتوقف الى جانب استعمال مقدر طريقة Cran لتقدير معلمات التوزيع المذكور. ثم تطبيق تلك النماذج على بيانات حقيقية تمثلت بأوقات توقف مكائن ومعدات شركة سلسل لتحلية وتعبئة المياه في محافظة البصرة خلال المدة (1/1/2020-31/12/2020). وقد تم التوصل الى ان فترة الاستبدال المثلى لمكائن الشركة المذكورة انفاً تساوي اربعة اشهر.
The Somaliland Media and the Public Deception
Authors: Ahmed Kamal
Published: March 2023

When Somaliland reclaimed its sovereignty in 1991, it took steps to have vibrant media, which took part in state and peace building efforts. A strong and vibrant media sector is seen as an important resource for national development and social demobilization efforts. Indeed, though considerable progress has been achieved in the expansion of media in Somaliland, yet significant challenges to media both state-owned and independent remain to be addressed. In recent years, there has been growing criticisms of the conduct of the mass media in Somaliland. This criticism is multifaceted – economic, political, and ethical – and is grounded mostly in the facts concerning the conduct of the media. In nearly twenty years plus, the media have enjoyed editorial independence; self-censoring, and their first and foremost responsibility remained in avoiding public and private disappointments. But, has never materialized this opportunity in which most African media if not all have never experienced. This failure could be linked to the absence of professional ethics, objective reporting and social responsibility with defined critical thinking principles. The absence of objective reporting and truth are regarded as the most challenging factors on the Somaliland freedom of speech and expression. Therefore, the media people neither have professionalism nor the knowledge to exercise media tasks. The central objective of this study is therefore, to examine the conditions of the Somaliland media and how the media deceive the public by dumping news which are contrary to the interests of the public at large. The study mainly relied on primary and secondary data includes individual interviews and discussions with the media people, politicians, academicians, and the public at large, while relevant literatures from books, journals, policy documents, among others were reviewed. The study suggests the necessity for addressing the challenges facing the media and the need for urgent legal, policy and institutional reforms to improve the level of Somaliland media, thus maintain the trust between the media for one hand, and the state and the public for the other.
Youth Unemployment and Security in Hargeisa
Authors: Abdilahi Muse
Published: March 2023

Youth represent a very vital organ in any society. They are not only the future of Somaliland, but also a major stakeholder and useful resource in the nation-building. However, it has been suggested that a large rate of youth unemployment makes more countries unstable in general, and thus more prone to armed conflict. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the nexus between youth unemployment and state security in Somaliland. Both primary and secondary data are used in the study. The study is purely qualitative and generated the required information in order to achieve its objectives. A non-probability sampling method was used which was relevant to the researcher’s judgement to collect the required data since the list of the unemployed youth in Hargeisa is unknown. The main data collection instruments were key informant interviews and observation. The findings of this study found from 20 respondents selected on purposefully comprising of the unemployed, employed youth as well as the concerned institutions. Results show that corruption, nepotism and unfair job recruitment systems are the factors causing youth unemployment in Hargeisa. The study proposes the enforcement of meritocracy policy that could at least tackle the challenges of unemployment and can also be a solution to the predicament of youth unemployment in the Hargeisa.
Emerging Foreign Bases in the Horn of Africa: A Sign of Hope or a Dilemma in Regional Security
Authors: Mohamoud Amran
Published: March 2023

The Horn of Africa has been a region of conflict and strife for the last six decades. The involvement of external powers and actors extremely impacted on the security and stability of the entire region. This study links the region’s instability to the presence of foreign military bases both before the demise of the Soviet Union and post-9/11. While the region has been a victim of geopolitical problems from the known history, which has taken a negative toll on the security of the region, re establishing foreign military bases in the Horn of Africa has implications for the security of the region in the long-term. Although re-establishing foreign military bases has benefited the region, for instance, in countering terrorism and combating piracy off the Somalian coast, the disadvantages loom large. This article argues that the political and economic engagements of the United Arab Emirates in this region affect the political and economic structures of the region, while disagreement between the Saudis, the Emirates, and the Egyptians on one side, Qatar and Turkey on the other, has exacerbated the region’s already deteriorating situation and its political uncertainty which challenges the security of the region. The study relied both on primary and secondary data for analyzing the security of the region.
Effects of Berbera Corridor on Trade and Security in the Horn of Africa: the Case of Somaliland and Ethiopia
Authors:   Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Hargeisa, Somaliland, Rashid Ayan
Published: March 2023

In the post-1991 period, there have been considerable improvements in Ethio–Somaliland relations. The people of the two countries involved in development of better relations and cooperation which significantly contributed to the security and stability of the region. While Ethiopia became a landlocked state following Eritrea’s separation from Ethiopia and the subsequent war on the border between the two countries. Somaliland has paid special attention to the situation of Ethiopia’s landlocked status and opportunities that entailed. On the other hand, Ethiopia has been aware of its vulnerability by relying on a single port in a foreign country. The central objective of this study is to examine the opportunities associated with the Berbera corridor development and its contribution to security and stability of the region. A qualitative research approach was used and primary data were collected using the interview. One of the key findings of this study is that the development of the Berbera corridor will boost the economic and trade relations between and among nations in the Horn of Africa on the one hand, and will enhance the security and stability of the region on the other hand. The study underlines that Somaliland’s important strategic position in the region and its willingness to collaborate with other regional states to maintain the peace and security of the region will contribute to the region’s stability and will reduce fragility and vulnerability of the region. However, Somaliland deserves not only a mere appreciation of what it achieved without international support and assistance but also needs legal recognition as a sovereign state.
Winning the US Presidential Nominations: The 2016 Presidential Primaries and Its Implication on Democracy
Authors: Barack Calvince O.
Published: March 2023

This paper takes a look at the presidential primaries in the US, by providing the background and the different methods adopted by states in conducting the primaries. It has proceeded to highlight the importance of voter mobilization and the factors that play in voters’ mobilization for a candidate to win in the primaries. Subsequently, it answers the question; what accounted for the success of Trump and Clinton in the presidential primaries of 2016? This question has been answered based on two hypotheses around the candidate’s background and financial resources vis-à-vis success in primaries. It has employed both qualitative and quantitative data presented in tables and charts on the candidate’s background, finances, and spending. Further, it has discussed the background in light of the candidate’s familiarity with the voters’ and the interaction with finances both in terms of the amount the candidates were able to raise from different sources, the timing of the spending, and value obtained from the expenditures. While giving implications on democracy and the low voter turnout that characterized this election, the paper has concluded that Trump’s victory was majorly media-driven whereas, Clinton’s victory drew much impetus from the party elites.
Conflict-induced Refugee Crisis and its Consequences on Access to Primary Education: An Analysis of the case of Central African Republic (CAR) Refugee Children Living in the East Region of Cameroon
Authors:   Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Hargeisa, Somaliland, Arrey William
Published: March 2023

Cameroon currently hosts around half a million refugees from conflict affected neighbouring countries such as Nigeria and the Central African Republic (CAR). This article focuses on the rights to basic education in terms of access and enrolment for CAR refugee school-aged children who reside in the East Region of Cameroon. Based on a qualitative research approach and a combination of secondary and primary data, powered by a theoretical framework of analysis that is informed by the Rational Choice Theory of human behaviour; International Relations Theory of forced migration and refugees and the Global Public Policy Theory of international problems, the study arrives at important findings and conclusions. The study finds out that the educational challenges of CAR refugee children are multifaced and complex. Many have traumatic experiences and disrupted education. Moreover, they are tasked with adapting to a new educational system and culture. These factors among others have all interacted and intermingled to negatively affect CAR refugee children’s access to primary education in terms of enrolment and girls are excessively more disadvantaged. With this outcome, the paper concludes that the issue of poor access to education of refugee children is not merely due to dysfunctional organs of governments or the combination of challenges unfolded in this article but it is also a result of the ‘exclusionary impulses’ vis-à-vis the phenomenon of ‘refugee as the stranger other’ in many parts of the world, and such a state of affairs no doubt works against inclusionary policies advanced in many international conventions and instruments that give more attention to the protection of these vulnerable groups; thereby consolidating the fact that there are ambiguities and critical limits to the international solidarity policy of Refugee Protection. Hence, as a way of contributing to evidence-informed policy alternatives, the paper argues that any action towards a sustainable solution must be rights-based, person and human security-centred and tailored towards addressing the dual challenge faced by the refugee child: the helplessness of being a child and the complex challenges of being a refugee.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Good Governance in Somaliland
Authors: Abdilahi Muse
Published: March 2023

The concept of good governance has attracted public attention for the past decades and is regarded as a significant pillar in any state to meet universally accepted standards. It is essential for effective, stable, and accountable governments. It provides its citizens at all levels to acknowledge the best alternatives for promoting good governance, while poor governments instigate corruption and bad management in all public institutions. Ineffective leadership leads all institutions to fail. This study examines the challenges and opportunities of good governance in Somaliland with special emphasis on accountability, transparency, rule of law, and the participation of the citizens in the decision-making process. The study employed a qualitative method of data collection and analyzed it. The data emerged from both secondary and primary sources. The major findings of the study show that implementation of good governance principles is the crucial issue to be taken towards the prevention of poor leadership, corruption, nepotism, and unfair job recruitment systems happen in Somaliland which are current factors paralyzing the governance systems.
Some ideological issues of the “Two Customs” Buddhist commandment manuscript ‘Lugs zung gi bslab bya mu thi' la'i 'phreng ba zhes bya ba bzhugs so”
Authors: Damba Gantemur
Published: March 2023

This paper attempts to study a Buddhist commandment manuscript which have found by two different named by us. “Lugs zung gi bslab bya mu thi' la'i 'phreng ba zhes bya ba bzhugs so” is the famous Buddhist morality commandment writing by Fifth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682). It has translated and disseminated by several Mongolian writers & monks. The paper clarifies about this manuscript, its literature research and the main ideology. Here we argue, the “two customs” (moral doctrine for monastic and lay people) as a Buddhist state and religion ideology could be applicable to the modern management ethical concepts.
Хоёр ёсыг хосолсон “Улаан сувдан эрхи” хэмээх зохиолын үзэл санааны тухай
Энэхүү өгүүлэлд “Хоёр ёсыг хосолсон улаан сувдан эрих” хэмээх нэрт суртгаал оршивой”, “Ёс хоёрын суртгаал сувдан эрих оршуулсан болой” хэмээгдэх хоёр өөр нэртэй гар бичмэлийн тухай болон уг сургаалын талаарх гадаад, дотоод дах судлагдсан байдал ба үндсэн үзэл санааны тухай тодруулах болно. V Далай лам Агваанлувсанжамц (Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso 1617-1682) бээр зохиосон «Улаан сувдан эрих» хэмээх тус сургаалыг монголын мэргэд орчуулж олон нийтийн хүртээл болгож байжээ. Сургаалын үзэл санаа нь буддын номлолыг үндэслэн нийтийн ёс зүйн хэм хэмжээнд тохируулан айлдсан бөгөөд энэ нь өнөөгийн удирдлагын ёс зүйд хамаарах боломжтой.
Tүлхүүр үгс: хоёр ёс, буддын ёс зүй, сургаалын үзэл санаа, зам мөр, шашин, төрийн ёс