bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining array tomography with electron tomography provides insights into leakiness of the blood-brain barrier in mouse cortex
Authors: Kislinger Georg , Fabig Gunar , Wehn Antonia , Rodriguez Lucia , Jiang Hanyi , Niemann Cornelia , Klymchenko Andrey S , Plesnila Nikolaus , Misgeld Thomas , Müller-Reichert Thomas , Khalin Igor , Schifferer Martina
Published: October 2023

Like other volume electron microscopy approaches, automated tape-collecting ultramicrotomy (ATUM) enables imaging of serial sections deposited on thick plastic tapes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ATUM is unique in enabling hierarchical imaging and thus efficient screening for target structures, as needed for correlative light and electron microscopy. However, SEM of sections on tape can only access the section surface, thereby limiting the axial resolution to the typical size of cellular vesicles with an order of magnitude lower than the acquired xy resolution. In contrast, serial-section electron tomography (ET), a transmission electron microscopy-based approach, yields isotropic voxels at full EM resolution, but requires deposition of sections on electron-stable thin and fragile films, thus making screening of large section libraries difficult and prone to section loss. To combine the strength of both approaches, we developed ‘ATUM-Tomo, a hybrid method, where sections are first reversibly attached to plastic tape via a dissolvable coating, and after screening detached and transferred to the ET-compatible thin films. As a proof-of-principle, we applied correlative ATUM-Tomo to study ultrastructural features of blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakiness around microthrombi in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Microthrombi and associated sites of BBB leakiness were identified by confocal imaging of injected fluorescent and electron-dense nanoparticles, then relocalized by ATUM-SEM, and finally interrogated by correlative ATUM-Tomo. Overall, our new ATUM-Tomo approach will substantially advance ultrastructural analysis of biological phenomena that require cell- and tissue-level contextualization of the finest subcellular textures.
Persisting roadblocks in arthropod monitoring using non-destructive metabarcoding from collection media of passive traps
Authors: Sire Lucas , Schmidt Yáñez Paul , Bézier Annie , Courtial Béatrice , Mbedi Susan , Sparmann Sarah , Larrieu Laurent , Rougerie Rodolphe , Bouget Christophe , Monaghan Michael T. , Herniou Elisabeth A. , Lopez-Vaamonde Carlos
Published: October 2023

Background

Broad-scale monitoring of arthropods is often carried out with passive traps (e.g., Malaise traps) that can collect thousands of specimens per sample. The identification of individual specimens requires time and taxonomic expertise, limiting the geographical and temporal scale of research and monitoring studies. DNA metabarcoding of bulk-sample homogenates has been found to be faster, efficient and reliable, but the destruction of samples prevents a posteriori validation of species occurrences and relative abundances. Non-destructive metabarcoding of DNA extracted from collection medium has been applied in a limited number of studies, but further tests of efficiency are required with different trap types and collection media to assess the consistency of the method.

Methods

We quantified the detection rate of arthropod species when applying non-destructive DNA metabarcoding with a short (127-bp) fragment of mitochondrial COI on two combinations of passive traps and collection media: (1) water with monopropylene glycol (H2O–MPG) used in window-flight traps (WFT, 53 in total); (2) ethanol with monopropylene glycol (EtOH–MPG) used in Malaise traps (MT, 27 in total). We then compared our results with those obtained for the same samples using morphological identification (for WFTs) or destructive metabarcoding of bulk homogenate (for MTs). This comparison was applied as part of a larger study of arthropod species richness in silver fir (Abies alba Mill., 1759) stands across a range of climate-induced tree dieback levels and forest management strategies.

Results

Of the 53 H2O-MPG samples from WFTs, 16 produced no metabarcoding results, while the remaining 37 samples yielded 77 arthropod MOTUs in total, of which none matched any of the 343 beetle species morphologically identified from the same traps. Metabarcoding of 26 EtOH–MPG samples from MTs detected more arthropod MOTUs (233) than destructive metabarcoding of homogenate (146 MOTUs, 8 orders), of which 71 were shared MOTUs, though MOTU richness per trap was similar between treatments. While we acknowledge the failure of metabarcoding from WFT-derived collection medium (H2O–MPG), the treatment of EtOH-based Malaise trapping medium remains promising. We conclude however that DNA metabarcoding from collection medium still requires further methodological developments and cannot replace homogenate metabarcoding as an approach for arthropod monitoring. It can be used nonetheless as a complementary treatment when enhancing the detection of soft-bodied arthropods like spiders and Diptera.
Sociodemographic distributions and molecular characterization of colonized Enterococcus faecium isolates from locality hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Siddig Loai Abdelati , Bayoumi Magdi , Elhadi Nasreldin
Published: October 2023

Background

Enterococcus faecium is an opportunistic pathogen of humans with diverse hosts, encompassing animals as well as human beings. In the past twenty years, there has been a rise in the instances of nosocomial infections that are linked to antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The acquisition of diverse antimicrobial resistance factors has driven the global development of robust and convergent adaptive mechanisms within the healthcare environment. The presence of microorganisms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patient populations has been significantly aided by the facilitation of various perturbations within their respective microbiomes.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial profile, demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the detection of virulence encoding genes, and to find out the clonal genetic relationship among colonized E. faecium strains.

Methodology

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2018 and March 2020 at four Khartoum locality hospitals in Sudan. The study comprised a total of 108 strains of E. faecium isolated from patients admitted to four locality hospitals in Khartoum. A self-structured questionnaire was used to gather information on sociodemographic traits. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. In all cases, P value ≤ 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Moreover, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was utilized to assess the prevalence of clonal relationships, and the gel was analyzed using CLIQS software.

Results

In this study, the isolation rate of colonized E. faecium strains was 108/170 (63.5%). The colonization of E. faecium and its association with various sociodemographic and clinical features was examined. 73 (67.6%) of patients had multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 22 (20.4%) had extensively drug-resistant (XDR), 73 (67.6%) of patients engaged in self-medication practices. Eighty patients (74.1%) were non-adherence to prescribed antibiotics, while 70 (64.8%) patients reported recent antibiotic usage within the 3 months. The present study suggests that demographic factors may not be significantly associated with the incidence of E. faecium infection except for patients who had a prior history of antibiotic use (P ≤ 0.005). The analysis of virulence genes showed a high prevalence of asa1 gene (22.2%) among strains. In ERIC-PCR the genetic relatedness of E. faecium showed seven identical clusters (A–G) with 100% genetic similarity. This implies clonal propagation in hospitals and communities.

Conclusion

This study found that the incidence of E. faecium isolated from locality hospitals in Khartoum was likely due to the spread of E. faecium clones, thereby highlighting the need for intensifying infection control measures to prevent the spreading of nosocomial infection.
Elaboração de um sig web para geolocalização de jazigos em cemitérios
Authors: Silveira Bruna Galdêncio Siqueira , De Paula Cesar Francisco , Borges Vânia de Oliveira , Pinto Reni Aparecido Norberto , Piantino Luiz Fernando Moura , Sanjulião Lo-Ruana Karen Amorim , Reis Maria José , Da Silva Adriel Soares
Published: October 2023

O conceito de Cidade Inteligente, em sua definição intrínseca, visa a transformação dos municípios em entidades urbanas dotadas de discernimento, como quais se beneficiam de tecnologias avançadas para promover o bem-estar de sua população residente. Uma questão contemporânea que emerge com relevância é uma problemática identificada, preocupante à complicação enfrentada pelos cidadãos na identificação e localização dos  túmulos de seus entes queridos no recinto do cemitério. Além disso, os visitantes que se dirigem aos túmulos de seus familiares veem-se defrontados com a frustrante dificuldade de realizar tal achado, o que, por sua simplicidade aparente, resulta em desapontamento. Em consonância com os postulados conceituais e com a problemática mencionada, delineou-se um projeto de natureza propositiva, delineou-se um projeto com o escopo de facilitar a geolocalização dos túmulos para o benefício da coletividade. Tal iniciativa assume a forma de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) que entregue à gestão de uma casa funerária que opera na cidade de Passos, apresentando-se como um serviço de utilidade pública. Foi desenvolvida uma base cartográfica extraída por meio de um ortomosaico elaborado a partir de imagens tomadas com câmera embracada em um Drone. As técnicas de geoprocessamento associadas a conceitos de banco de dados relacional possibilitaram uma melhor organização e assimilação da informação trazendo uma resposta mais imediata e assertiva ao usuário na identificação da área de interesse (jazigo).
Thromboprophylaxis in Proximal Femur Fracture: A Pilot Survey among Practicing Orthopaedic Surgeons in India
Authors: Srikanth Nayantara , Sathiyaseelan Naveen , Bhaskaran Jagadeesh , Natarajan S
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) are more common following orthopaedic surgeries around the hip than other surgeries. However, there is still a dilemma among orthopaedic surgeons regarding whether routine thromboprophylaxis is justified in patients. Aim: To describe current practices among orthopaedic surgeons regarding routine thromboprophylaxis among patients with proximal femur fractures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted at Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between March 2022 and May 2022 among orthopaedic surgeons. A Google survey form, containing 10 prevalidated multiple-choice questions, was shared on social media and medical groups. Descriptive analysis was undertaken, and statistical analysis was done with International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0. Results: Among the 141 respondents, 72% were from private sector institutions/hospitals. Over 90.78% of the respondents indicated that there was a role for anticoagulation therapy in proximal femur fractures, and 92% used low molecular weight heparin. The responses varied slightly depending on whether anticoagulant treatment was used preoperatively (51%) or postoperatively (48%), and if there was a waiting time of less than 24 hours to 3-5 days before surgery. Most orthopaedic surgeons opted for anticoagulation therapy in the presence of a previous history of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)/PE (79%), age greater than 70 years (61%), and use of hormone replacement therapy (64%), or if the surgery lasted more than two hours (61%). Conclusion: The present study concludes that 9.2% of orthopaedic surgeons do not use anticoagulation therapy and nearly half (48%) do not administer anticoagulation therapy preoperatively. As the proportion of elderly patients increases, consensus building will enable the formulation of practice guidelines based on evidence generated through such surveys.
Anaesthetic Management of a Down’s Syndrome Patient Acyanotic Congenital Cardiac Anomalies and Hypothyroidism: A Case Report
Authors: Bhuyan Shyamolima , Bhuyan Deepjit
Published: October 2023

Down Syndrome (DS) is a common chromosomal disorder that is associated with multiple anomalies in different organ systems. Cardiac anomalies are frequently observed in individuals with DS, and as patients with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) are at an increased risk of developing complications related to anaesthesia during the perioperative and postoperative periods, it is crucial to pay attention to the anaesthetic management of DS patients undergoing corrective surgery for cardiac anomalies. Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects (CAVSD) are the most prevalent cardiac defects in DS patients, followed by isolated ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot. This case report focuses on the anaesthetic management of a one-year-old female with DS who was diagnosed with a combination of Atrioventricular Septal Defects (AVSDs) and patent ductus arteriosus. Due to the concurrent diagnosis of hypothyroidism, the case required a thorough preanaesthetic examination and meticulous attention to perioperative anaesthetic management, considering factors such as airway difficulty, cervical spine instability, ligament laxity, and susceptibility to infections. The patient underwent cardiac surgery following a standard anaesthetic protocol, and the procedure was well tolerated. After the surgery, she was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the eighth postoperative day
A Comprehensive Review of CRISPR/Cas9 Based Strategies in Horticultural Crop Modification
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Ahalawat Shivani , Islam Asif , Vignesh S. , Unnikrishnan Soumya , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Atar , Raghavan Megha , Singh Prerna
Published: October 2023

The introduction of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology represents a groundbreaking advancement in the realm of horticulture. It provides a precise and effective means for making targeted genetic alterations in a wide range of plant species. This abstract delves into the diverse applications of CRISPR/Cas9 within the domain of horticultural crops, with a particular emphasis on its crucial role in tackling issues related to climate change. This review paper outlines the diverse applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in horticulture, including trait improvement for enhanced stress tolerance, disease resistance, and yield optimization. It highlights specific examples of successful CRISPR-edited horticultural crops and their contributions to climate adaptation. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in accelerating the development of new crop varieties tailored to thrive in changing climatic conditions. Additionally, the ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in horticulture are addressed, as they play a crucial role in determining the broader adoption of this technology. Balancing the benefits of climate-resilient crop development with potential environmental and societal implications remains a critical aspect of its application. In conclusion, the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in horticultural crop improvement and its role in addressing climate-related challenges. By harnessing the power of genetic editing, horticulturalists can create more productive crops and better equipped to withstand the uncertainties of a changing climate. However, this technology's responsible and ethical use is imperative to ensure its long-term sustainability and benefit to society.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Summer Pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Varieties
Authors: Dharaviya Rahul G. , Desai L. J. , Patel Kishan N.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment on “Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of summer pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] varieties” was carried out during summer 2022 on loamy sand soil of Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The experiment was laid out in RBD with factorial concept with four replication. The result revealed that significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/plant, girth, length and weight of earhead, grain weight/earhead, grain yield (3366 kg/ha), straw yield (5970 kg/ha) and protein yield were recorded with GHB 1129. It also gave the higher net return (₹53663/ha) and BCR (2.233). Significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/plant, girth, length and weight of earhead, grain weight/earhead, grain yield (3576 kg/ha), straw yield (6271 kg/ha), protein yield and net return (₹57639/ha) with an application of RDF + 30 kg/ha FeSO4∙7H2O. An application of RDF (120-60-00 kg/ha N-P2O5-K2O) recorded higher value of BCR (2.277).
Evaluation of the Influence of Culture Media and Neem Cake Extract on the Growth Rate of Three Soil Borne Fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Sclerotium rolfsii)
Authors: Etim Daniel Offiong , Aniete Bassey Rosemary , Ini-Ibehe Ndarake Eden , Umana Etim Johnson , Nancy Ireozor
Published: October 2023

Aims: To evaluate the performance and efficacy of three fungi on pure Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA); SDA, PDA and MEA modified in combination with different neem cake concentrations.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between July 2021 and September, 2021.

Methodology: Fungal pathogens were isolated from soil samples and infected fruits of water melon. Different culture media were used to grow the pathogens. Chloramphenicol (250mg) was added to each medium, autoclaved at 1210C for 15 minutes, and kept at room temperature of 21 ± 10C. After inoculation, colonies were sub cultured to obtain pure culture. Media modification was achieved by adding 10g, 20g, 30g and 40g of extract. Cork borer (5mm) of fungi stock culture were transferred to Petri dishes. Linear growth of fungi was recorded after 16 hours. Average linear growth rate was measured at 12 hours interval for five days.

Results: Spore concentration of Sclerotium rolfsii was significantly higher in pure media than in modified media. Among modified media, concentrations were significantly higher in both PDA and MEA at 1.60x106 spores/ml. Trichoderma viride on pure SDA produced the highest spore concentration at 4.80x106 spores/ml followed by pure PDA at 4.10x106 spores/ml, whereas on the modified media, MEA had the highest spore concentration at 1.80x106 spores/ml. Pure Potato Dextroes Agar (PDA) of Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest spores at 6.10x106 spores/ml while MEA and SDA had close range of spore production at 4.90x106 and 4.30x106 spores/ml respectively. Modified MEA had the highest spore concentration at 1.30x106 spores/ml followed by SDA which had 1.1x106 spores/ml.

Conclusion: The mycelia growth rate reveals that both pure and modified MEA supported the growth of all the fungi better than PDA and SDA.
Factors Explaining the Real Effective Exchange Rate in Franc Zone: A New View
Authors: Djouaka Armel Mbiapep Peuwo , Ngouhouo Ibrahim , Younda Derick Ulrich
Published: October 2023

Although there is an abundant literature on the determinants of the real effective exchange rate, no study has focused specifically on all the African countries in the Franc zone, whose currencies are still pegged to the euro by a fixed parity, despite the end of the gold standard in 1971. The main objective of this article is to identify the main factors explaining the real effective exchange rate in the franc zone. The data used in this work cover 15 countries that use the CFA franc over the period 1990-2019. To achieve our objective, we mobilized several estimation methods such as the Driscoll and Kraay method, the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The results of this study reveal that inflation, money supply, the interest rate, gross domestic product per capita, imports and direct investment are the main determinants of the real effective exchange rate in the franc zone.
Multi‐Dimensional Taylor Network‐Based Adaptive Tracking Control for Nonlinear Time‐Delay Systems Subject to Asymmetric Input Saturation Under Prescribed Performance
Authors: Zhai Lian‐Lian , Zhao Wei , Zhou Ya‐Feng , Han Yu‐Qun
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to develop a new control method for nonlinear time‐delay systems with input saturation and to achieve the prescribed performance control target by exploiting the excellent approximation performance of multidimensional Taylor networks (MTNs). The transformation method is used to transform the complex saturation model into a simple model with bounded error, simplifying the controller design process. The MTN is used to handle the nonlinear functions of the system, and an original adaptive control algorithm is constructed with the help of the backstepping method. The proposed control approach is feasible and can implement the tracking error signal that falls into the desired prescribed scope with all the signals in the control system being bounded. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by presenting simulation results.
Solvophobic Binder Crystallinity‐Tailored Advances in Solvent‐Free Thick Cathodes for High‐Energy Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Kang Dong Hyuk , Lee Jeonghun , Yoon Juhee , Kim Yurim , Kim Jihyeon , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Yun Young Soo
Published: January 2025

Developing high‐performance thick cathodes with optimized inactive‐to‐active material ratios is a promising approach to enhance the energy density of conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, increasing electrode thickness introduces challenges, including elevated resistance and mechanical issues such as cracking and flaking, particularly in slurry‐based wet processes. This highlights the necessity for solvent‐free, low‐resistance thick cathode fabrication methods. In this study, the impact of a solvent‐free mechano–thermal fabrication process on the electrochemical performance of high‐nickel ternary metal oxide‐based thick cathodes is explored. A key challenge identified is the formation of solvophobic crystalline structures on the surface of the active cathode materials. To address this, a fast cooling strategy is implemented at the end of the solvent‐free fabrication process, which successfully reduced the solvophobic crystallinity, ultimately surpassing the electrochemical performance of cathodes produced through wet processes. Furthermore, incorporating a PVDF/succinonitrile (SN) mixture binder via liquid‐phase mixing further minimized crystallinity, resulting in significantly improved electrolyte wettability, ionic conductivity, and mechanical adhesion. As a result, the mixture binder system achieved a high areal capacity of ≈11 mA h cm⁻2 and demonstrated stable cycling performance over 100 cycles. When paired with a lithium metal anode, the thick cathode attained an energy density of ≈418 W h kg⁻¹, translating to ≈335 W h kg⁻¹ with packaging—representing approximately 35% improvement over current LIB technologies.
Electrolyte Solvent‐Ion Configuration Deciphering Lithium Plating/Stripping Chemistry for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Gang , Chen Yinghua , Wang Jia , Kumar Pushpendra , Xie Hongliang , Wahyudi Wandi , Yu Hao , Wang Zexu , Ma Zheng , Ming Jun
Published: January 2025

Electrolyte engineering plays a critical role in tuning lithium plating/stripping behaviors, thereby enabling safer operation of lithium metal anodes in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, understanding how electrolyte microstructures influence the lithium plating/stripping process at the molecular level remains a significant challenge. Herein, using a commonly employed ether‐based electrolyte as a model, the role of each electrolyte component is elucidated and a relationship between electrolyte behavior and the lithium plating/stripping process is established by investigating the effects of electrolyte compositions, including solvents, salts, and additives. The variations in Li+ deposition kinetics are not only analyzed by characterizing the lithium deposition overpotential and exchange current density but it is also identified that the intermolecular interactions are the previously unexplored cause of these variations by 2D nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). An interfacial model is developed to explain how solvent interactions, distinct roles of anions, and critical effects of additives influence Li+ desolvation kinetics and the thermodynamic stability of desolvation clusters during lithium plating/stripping process. This model clarifies how these configurations of solvents and ions are related to the macroscopic properties of lithium plating/stripping chemistry. These findings contribute to more uniform and controllable lithium deposition, providing valuable insights for designing advanced electrolyte systems for LMBs.
PbSe‐Induced Sb2S3 Crystallization and Interface Band Optimization for High‐Efficiency Bulk Heterojunction Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Jin Mengqi , Wan Zhiyang , Chen Chong , Cao Wenbo , Naveed Faisal , Kuang Jiajin , Cheng Liquan , Lei Longhui , Chen Junwei , Dong Yingying , Wang Mingtai
Published: January 2025

Sb2S3 solar cells have significant advantages in non‐toxicity and stability compared to perovskite solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiency still needs to be improved urgently. One of the main reasons is that the crystal orientation of 2D Sb2S3 is difficult to control, and there are a large number of dangling bonds at the crystal surface, which make it difficult for photogenerated charges to efficiently conduct in the desired direction and causes serious charge recombination. In order to overcome various challenges, including the core difficulties mentioned above, herein, ultra‐thin PbSe is deposited on TiO2/CdS nanorods to induce preferential crystallization of Sb2S3 films in the [hk1] direction that is more conducive to charge transport, bidirectionally passivate defects at the CdS/Sb2S3 heterojunction interface. At the same time, the crystallization in the [hk0] direction, which is not conducive to charge transport, is suppressed in the Sb2S3 thin film, and the interfacial band structure is optimized. Ultimately, the efficiency of target Sb2S3 solar cell is improved to 8.06%, which is the highest efficiency of bulk heterojunction Sb2S3 solar cells. This study provides new ideas for efficient Sb2S3 solar cells in novel device design, Sb2S3 crystallization optimization, and interface engineering.
Vivid Structural Coloration in Transparent MXene‐Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Films
Authors: Dimitrov Botyo , Poliukhova Valeriia , Joo Claire , Buxton Madeline , Roslyk Irina , Gogotsi Yury , Crossno Jacob , Page Kirt A. , Koerner Hilmar , Nepal Dhriti , McConney Michael E. , Bunning Timothy J. , Tsukruk Vladimir V.
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate shear‐printed layered photonic films with vivid structural coloration from bio‐derived cellulose nanocrystals and highly aligned Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoflakes. These ultrathin films (700–1500 nm) show high light transmittance above 40% in the visible range. In reflectance mode, however, the films appear vividly colored and iridescent due to the multiple distinct photonic bandgaps in the visible and near‐infrared ranges, which are rarely observed in CNC composites. The structural coloration is controlled by the stacking of MXene nanoscale‐thin layers separated by the thicker cellulose nanocrystals matrix, as confirmed by photonic simulations. The unique combination of distinctly different optical appearances in transmittance and reflectance modes occurs in films printed with just a few layers. This is because of the molecularly smooth interfaces and the high refractive contrast between bio‐based and inorganic phases, which result in a concurrence of constructive and destructive interference. These lamellar biophotonic films open the possibilities for advanced radiative cooling, camouflaging, multifunctional capacitors, and optical filtration applications, while the cellulose nanocrystals matrix strengthens their flexibility, robustness, and facilitates sustainability.
Phosphated Electrolyte Enabling Dual Robust Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Reconstruction Toward Capable Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuao , Wang Tiantian , Cui Penghui , Mao Guanchong , Ye Ke , Hu Fang , Chen Minghua , Cao Dianxue , Zhu Kai
Published: January 2025

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are expected to be the next generation of low‐cost, safe, and high‐energy‐density energy storage systems. However, undesirable electrode/electrolyte interfacial (EEI) side reactions of anode and dissolution of cathode materials during cycling of ZIBs have led to drastic degradation of battery performance. Here, a phosphated electrolyte is developed to facilitate the simultaneous formation of a Zn3(PO4)2‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) as well as improved solvent chemistry. The in situ generated robust EEI induce uniform deposition of zinc and inhibit solvation of the cathode material to achieve a high performance ZIBs. The improved solvent chemistry promises stable cycling at low temperatures with an ultra‐long life of 600 h at −10 °C. Moreover, the pouch cell with phosphated electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling performance with no significant capacity degradation after 150 cycles. In addition, the phosphated electrolyte in anode‐free ZIBs performances a long lifetime of 200 cycles. This study provides a simple and effective strategy for interface construction in ZIBs.
“One Stone, Two Birds”: Multi‐Element Doping Induced Crystallinity Modulation for Large Current Density Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yuan Yuhang , Yang Yifan , Liu Guanglei , Chang Mingwei , Liu Zhu , Gao Kaichun , Zheng Hongbang , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: January 2025

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a critical role in water splitting, which can directly determine the energy consumption of hydrogen production. However, the poor stability of catalysts at large current density inhibits their industrial application. Therefore, the development of efficient catalysts with industry‐relevant activities still faces great challenges. Herein, a one‐step corrosion strategy is reported for the preparation of multi‐element low‐crystal transition metal hydroxide (denoted as NiFeCrMnCo‐c). Density functional theory calculation indicates that multi‐element doping strategy improves the conductivity of the catalyst and reduces the energy barrier in the catalytic process. Only 259 and 303 mV overpotentials are required to achieve the anodic current densities of 100 and 1000 mA cm−2 respectively, and it can work at the anodic current density of 50 and 1000 mA cm−2 for 300 h without apparent attenuation. Furthermore, when it is self‐assembled as an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, it requires only 1.72 V at 1000 mA cm−2 for industrial water splitting and operates stably for 100 h at 60 °C, which can meet the requirements of industrial hydrogen production. The design of the OER catalysts with simple preparation, high activity, and high current density provides a new perspective for practical industrial water splitting.
Highly Safe Electrolyte for Fast‐Charging, High‐Temperature, High‐Voltage Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Daxiong , Wang Huaping , Zhu Chunlei , Wang Chuan , Li Xiu , Ma Jianmin
Published: January 2025

The development of high‐energy and safe sodium metal batteries (SMBs) remains largely challenging due to the lack of a viable electrolyte, especially at high rates and high temperatures. Here a highly safe electrolyte is reported via engineering the fluorinated solvents and potassium trifluoro(2‐fluoropyridin‐3‐yl)borate (PTFB) additive for high‐energy SMBs under extreme conditions. The as‐formulated electrolyte not only exhibits excellent Non‐flammability, heat resistance, and anodic stability but also promotes the formation of a NaF‐dominated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with uniform distribution and generates a thin and homogeneous cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) with high ionic conductivity. Thus, the assembled Na||Na symmetric and Na||Cu batteries achieve a durable cycle of over 1200 h and a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.07%, respectively. Moreover, the 4.5 V Na||Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (NVPF) batteries also deliver stable high‐temperature (55 °C) and fast‐charging (6 min charging) performance. Even with limited Na, the Cu@Na||NVPF full battery retains a high‐capacity retention of 95.4% after 200 cycles. The work provides a promising approach for developing fast‐charging, high‐energy, and safe SMBs.
Adhesive and Conductive Fibrous Hydrogel Bandages for Effective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Jin Subin , Jung Hyunjin , Song Jihyang , Kim Sumin , Yoon Subeen , Kim Jung Hyun , Lee Jung Seung , Kim Yong Jun , Son Donghee , Shin Mikyung
Published: January 2025

Peripheral nerve injury is a common disease resulting in reversible and irreversible impairments of motor and sensory functions. In addition to conventional surgical interventions such as nerve grafting and neurorrhaphy, nerve guidance conduits are used to effectively support axonal growth without unexpected neuroma formation. However, there are still challenges to secure tissue‐mimetic mechanical and electrophysiological properties of the conduit materials. Herein, the phenylborate‐tethered hydrogel‐assisted doping effect is elucidated on conductive polymers, enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration when used as a sutureless bandage on the injured nerve. The adhesive and conductive nerve bandage consists of biocompatible hyaluronic acid hydrogel microfibers produced by electrospinning, followed by in situ conductive polypyrrole polymerization on the fibrous mat. Particularly, phenylborate groups enable high adsorption of pyrrole without mechanical crack on the hydrogel network and allow tissue‐like stretchability and on‐nerve adhesiveness. In a rat crushed nerve injury model, the nerve bandage can effectively promote nerve regeneration through stable sutureless wrapping followed by great electrical transmission on the defect region, showing anatomical and functional recovery of the nerve tissues and preventing muscular atrophy. Such hydrogel fibrous bandages will be a promising surgical dressing to be combined with versatile biomedical devices/materials for peripheral nerve repair.
High‐Temperature Polymer Composite Dielectrics: Energy Storage Performance, Large‐Scale Preparation, and Device Design
Authors: Li Xin , Hu Penghao , Jiang Jianyong , Pan Jiayu , Nan Ce‐Wen , Shen Yang
Published: January 2025

Film capacitors are widely used in advanced electrical and electronic systems. The temperature stability of polymer dielectrics plays a critical role in supporting their performance operation at elevated temperatures. For the last decade, the investigations for new polymer dielectrics with high energy storage performance at higher temperatures (>200 °C) have attracted much attention and numerous strategies have been employed. However, there is currently still a large gap between lab research and large‐scale production. In this review, the main effects of high temperature on the dielectric properties are analyzed and core modification strategies are summarized. The scientific and technological reasons for the performance difference between lab research and practical application are also discussed. Further, several processes for large‐scale film preparation and typical device structure design are reviewed. The current research and product launches pertaining of high‐temperature film capacitors are also summarized. Conclusive insights and future perspectives are delineated to offer strategic direction for the ongoing and prospective innovation in polymer dielectric materials.
In Situ, Treatment with Guanidinium Chloride Ligand Enables Efficient Blue Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with 23.5% External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Ren Yanfang , Li Chenguang , Fang Yan , Pang Shan , Jiang Xiaohong , Li Meng , Du Zuliang
Published: January 2025

The poor efficiency and stability of blue Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting diodes (QLED) hinders the practical applications of QLEDs full‐color displays. Excessive electron injection, insufficient hole injection, and abundant defects on the surface of quantum dots (QD) are the main issues limiting the performance of blue devices. Herein, an in situ treatment with bipolar small molecule polydentate ligand–guanidine chloride (GACl) is proposed to simultaneously suppress excessive electron injection, patch surface defects of QDs and enhance hole injection. GACl‐treated blue QLEDs exhibited a remarkable increase in maximal external quantum Efficiency (EQE) from 16.3% to a record 23.5%, accompanied by maximal luminance (36810 cd m−2), excellent maximal current efficiency (17.5 cd A−1), and enhanced device stability. Combining C–V and J–V characteristics, a concise physical model of hole injection is also established: Below 3 V, hole injection is controlled by the interfacial barrier, primarily through tunneling and thermionic injection; Above 3 V, the interfacial barrier is eliminated, and hole injection efficiency is governed by transport within the QD layer. This study showed a clear physical model for understanding the hole injection mechanism in QLEDs, offering valuable design strategies for improving the performance of blue‐QLEDs.
High‐Modulus Homochiral Torsional Oxide Ceramic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Guo Yongshi , Tian Xuwang , Fu Kun , Yan Jianhua
Published: January 2025

Fiber‐based artificial muscles are soft actuators used to mimic the movement of human muscles. However, using high modulus oxide ceramics to fabricate artificial muscles with high energy and power is a challenge as they are prone to brittle fracture during torsion. Here, a ceramic metallization strategy is reported that solves the problem of low torsion and low ductility of alumina (Al2O3) ceramics by chemical plating a thin copper layer on alumina filaments. These filaments with a high modulus of ≈180 GPa can be twisted into chiral coiled artificial muscles, exhibiting a unique electric thermal actuation mechanism. This tough and robust alumina artificial muscle can carry objects equivalent to 0.28 million times its weight and provide high actuation stress of up to 483.5 MPa. In addition, it exhibits 18 times higher contraction power and 240 times higher energy density than human muscles, as well as a high energy conversion efficiency of up to 7.59%, which far exceeds most reported actuated carbon and polymer artificial muscles. This work has achieved large‐scale manufacturing of high‐modulus oxide ceramic muscles for the first time.
Bifunctional Group Modulation Strategy Enables MR‐TADF Electroluminescence Toward BT.2020 Green Light Standard
Authors: Wu Lin , Xin Ziru , Liu Denghui , Li Deli , Zhang Jiasen , Zhou Yubo , Wu Siyao , Wang Tao , Su Shi‐Jian , Li Wei , Ge Ziyi
Published: January 2025

Herein, a parallel “bifunctional group” modulation method is proposed to achieve controlled modulation of the emission wavelength and full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) values. As a result, three proof‐of‐concept emitters, namely DBNDS‐TPh, DBNDS‐DFPh, and DBNDS‐CNPh, are designed and synthesized, with the first functional dibenzo[b,d]thiophene unit concurrently reducing the bandgap and elevate their triplet state energy. A second functional group 1,1′:3′,1″‐triphenyl, and electron acceptors 1,3‐difluorobenzene and benzonitrile, respectively, to deepen the HOMO and LUMO levels. Accordingly, the CIE coordinates of DBNDS‐TPh, DBNDS‐DFPh, and DBNDS‐CNPh are (0.13, 0.77), (0.14, 0.77), and (0.14, 0.76) respectively, in a dilute toluene solution. This marks the first instance of achieving a CIEy value of 0.77 in dilute toluene solutions. Significantly, the non‐sensitized pure‐green OLEDs based on DBNDS‐TPh and DBNDS‐DFPh demonstrate peak EQE of 35.0% and 34.5%, with corresponding CIE coordinates of (0.18, 0.75), (0.17, 0.76) at the doping concentration of 1 wt.%, representing the first green OLED with a CIEy value reaching 0.76 in a bottom‐emitting device structure as reported in the literature.
Synergistic Control of Ferroelectric and Optical Properties in Molecular Ferroelectric for Multiplexing Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: Cao Xiao‐Xing , Ding Si‐Rui , Du Guo‐wei , Jing Zheng‐Yin , Xiong Yu‐An , Feng Zi‐Jie , Ji Hao‐Ran , Pan Qiang , You Yu‐Meng
Published: January 2025

Utilizing the correlation among diverse physical properties to facilitate multiplexing and multistate memory is anticipated to emerge as an efficient strategy to enhance memory capacity, achieve device miniaturization, and ensure information security. As an important functional material, ferroelectrics have long been considered as a potential candidate in multistate memory devices. Furthermore, the integration of optical response offers an alternative path to realizing multiplexing features, further enhancing the versatility and efficiency of these devices. However, combining ferroelectricity and optical activity is always challenging because ferroelectricity is very sensitive to the crystal structure. In this study, on the correlation between ferroelectric polarization (FP) and optical properties in molecular ferroelectric material, trimethylchloromethyl ammonium trichloromanganese (TMCM‐MnCl3) is reported. This research demonstrated that the FP can modulate the photoluminescence (PL) emission, while optical illumination can trigger FP reversal. Based on these, both electric‐writing optical‐reading (EWOR) and optical‐writing electrical‐reading (OWER) modes have been conclusively established, and the seamless transition between these two modes can be achieved by adjusting the excitation light intensity. These findings reveal an intriguing physical interconnection and imply the viability of implementing multiplexing and multistate memory functionalities in systems based on ferroelectrics.
Plasmonic Single‐Molecule Affinity Detection at 10−20 Molar
Authors: Macchia Eleonora , Franco Cinzia Di , Scandurra Cecilia , Sarcina Lucia , Piscitelli Matteo , Catacchio Michele , Caputo Mariapia , Bollella Paolo , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa
Published: January 2025

DNA can be readily amplified through replication, enabling the detection of a single‐target copy. A comparable performance for proteins in immunoassays has yet to be fully assessed. Surface‐plasmon‐resonance (SPR) serves as a probe capable of performing assays at concentrations typically around 10⁻⁹ molar. In this study, plasmonic single‐molecule assays for both proteins and DNA are demonstrated, achieving limits‐of‐detections (LODs) as low as 10⁻2⁰ molar (1 ± 1 molecule in 0.1 mL), even in human serum, in 1 h. This represents an improvement in typical SPR LODs by eleven orders‐of‐magnitude. The single‐molecule SPR assay is achieved with a millimeter‐wide surface functionalized with a physisorbed biolayer comprising trillions of recognition‐elements (antibodies or protein–probe complexes) which undergo an acidic or alkaline pH‐conditioning. Potentiometric and surface‐probing imaging experiments reveal the phenomenon underlying this extraordinary performance enhancement. The data suggest an unexplored amplification process within the biomaterial, where pH‐conditioning, driving the biolayer in a metastable state, induces a self‐propagating aggregation of partially misfolded proteins, following single‐affinity binding. This process triggers an electrostatic rearrangement, resulting in the displacement of a charge equivalent to 1.5e per 102 recognition elements. Such findings open new opportunities for reliable SPR‐based biosensing at the physical detection limits, with promising applications in point‐of‐care plasmonic systems.
A Versatile Side Entry Laser System for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Olunloyo Olugbenga , Xiao Kai , Wolf Benjamin , Moore Thomas M. , Lupini Andrew R. , Jesse Stephen
Published: January 2025

This study presents the design and implementation of a side entry laser system designed for an ultrahigh vacuum scanning transmission electron microscope. This system uses a versatile probe design enclosed in a vacuum envelope such that parts can be easily aligned, modified or exchanged without disturbing the vacuum. The system uses a mirror mounted on the sample holder such that the sample can be illuminated without being tilted. Notably the mirror can be removed and replaced with an ablation target and a higher power laser used to ablate material directly onto the sample. The authors argue that new capabilities hold the potential to transform the electron microscope from an analysis tool toward a more flexible synthesis system, where atomic scale fabrication and atom‐by‐atom experiments can be performed.
A Protocol Using Compact 3D Printed Micro‐Optical Elements for Protein Identification from Low‐Intensity Amino‐Acid Raman Signals
Authors: Weinacker Jannis , Bhandari Bikash Kumar , Viejo Rodriguez Alba , West Charlotte , De Angelis Francesco , Tantussi Francesco , Maccaferri Nicolò , Goldman Nick , Wegener Martin
Published: January 2025

When performing optical high‐speed single‐molecule spectroscopy and identification, low signal intensities pose a challenge. Fortunately, for many applications, the number of possible molecules in the specimen is small or limited. For such cases, a protocol is presented that uses only a small number of very sensitive hence expensive detectors. The protocol starts with optimizing spectral regions, one per detector, so that different molecules become best distinguishable. Experimentally, the spectral regions are extracted from the continuous spectrum using a custom‐made micro‐optical element. In the ray‐optics picture, it guides all rays in a spectral region onto the entrance of an optical fiber connected to one detector. The shape of the micro‐optical element is derived by applying Snell's law to the given geometrical boundary conditions. A proof‐of‐concept measurement using a dedicated demonstrator refractive optical element in combination with a continuous white‐light source is performed. Indeed, the element selects the correct spectral regions and couples the light into the correct fibers. For the example of the identification of single amino acids in a protein, the protocol leads to a higher correct identification rate. Therefore, this protocol is useful for such protein identification experiments as performed in the EU project ProID.