bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Laju Sedimentasi pada Embung Beroangin dengan Metode USLE dan Pengukuran Langsung
Authors: Djufri Hasdaryatmin , Mutiara Indra
Published: January 2019

Salah satu upaya dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan air di Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang rentan terhadap kekeringan adalah dengan membangun Embung Beroangin pada tahun 2015 dengan kapasitas tampungan mati awal sebesar 1.307,49 m3, penurunan kapasitas tampungan mati embung dipengaruhi oleh erosi pada DAS yang selanjutnya terdeposit menjadi sedimen pada area tampungan embung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memprediksi laju sedimentasi yang terjadi pada Embung Beroangin dengan metode analisis USLE menggunakan hasil analisa data sekunder meluputi: Luas DAS, curah hujan, jenis tanah, kelerengan dan penggunaan lahan. Analisa sedimentasi juga dilakukan melalui pengukuran langsung menggunakan echosounder dengan memetakan dan menghitung volume tampungan mati saat ini yang selanjutnya dibandingkan volume tampungan mati awal.  Laju sedimentasi yang diperoleh dengan metode USLE adalah sebesar 492.34 m3/tahun, sedangkan metode pengukuran langsung sebesar 435.38 m3/tahun
DETERMINAN KESEMPATAN KERJA PADA SEKTOR INFORMAL PERDAGANGAN DAN JASA DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: Fernandus Arce Yulita
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh upah, jenis usaha dan modal terhadap kesempatan kerja di Kota Ambon khususnya pada sektor informal. Penelitian ini dilakukan  pada perdagangan dan  jasa sektor informal di Kota Ambon. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Data primer tersebut berupa data hasil penelitian dengan metode wawancara aktif. Ada juga data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik kota Ambon. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis  regresi dengan uji statistic dan uji asumsi klasik. Berdasarkan Nilai Uji Regresi telah menbuktikan bahwa variabel tingkat upah sangat berpengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kesempatan kerja, dengan begitu variabel tingkat upah yang berbanding terbalik dengan kesempatan kerja yang tersedia di Kota Ambon. Dikarenakan sektor informal memberikan peluang kerja dan pendapatan yang mencukupi kebutuhan per hari  bagi setiap pekerja sehingga besar kecilnya upah yang diperoleh tidak memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kesempatan kerja yang tersedia. Dan untuk variabel jenis usaha dalam sektor informal khususnya perdagangan dan jasa  sangat berpengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kesempatan kerja, dengan begitu kesempatan kerja sangatlah tergantung dari jenis usaha yang tersedia di Kota Ambon. Jenis usaha di Kota Ambon dalam sektor infromal berkembang pesat mendorong terciptanya kesempatan kerja.  Sedangkan  variabel modal usaha tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesempatan kerja. Dikarenakan seluruh usaha pada sektor informal pada awal memulai usaha tidak membutuhkan modal besar dalam mengembangkan usaha tidak seperti usaha – usaha pada sektor formal yang membutuhkan modal besar dengan diikuti meningkatnya penyerapan tenaga kerja,  sehingga kesempatan kerja yang tersedia pada awal usaha di sektor informal tidak dipengaruhi oleh modal usaha.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN KABUPATEN TAMBRAUW
Authors: Astuti Putu Anggreyani Widya
Published: January 2019

Kemampuan suatu organisasi dalam menghadapi tantangan era millennium tergantung pada kemampuan mobilisasi sumber daya manusia. Karakteristik yang menentukan dari sistem organisasi terletak pada sifat dalam mencapai sasaran. Sumber daya manusia dan perangkat kerja pada umumnya di organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan  –tujuan organisasi yang dinyatakan jelas. Komunikasi yang baik tidak hanya berbicara ataupun surat-menyurat saja, meskipun organisasi perkantoran telah menggunakan alat-alat komunikasi  yang mutahir dan memiliki pimpinan pandai berbicara yang dapat menyampaikan dengan cepat seluruh instruksi-instruksi, petunjuk, saran dan sebagainya, akan tetapi hal ini belum menjamin bahwa komunikasi telah dilakukan dengan baik. Peran pimpinan secara keseluruhan sangat signifikan dalam upaya tersebut, dimana kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai aparatur pemerintah harus dijadikan motivator dalam mengkoordinir dan mengorganisir pegawai sehingga mampu berkomunikasi secara baik dalam era globalisasi saat ini. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai pada Badan Kepegawaian Tambrauw yang berjumlah 14 pegawai. Sampel yang penulis gunakan yaitu merupak sampel populasi yaitu sampel yang menggunakan seluruh populasi sampel, yaitu yang berjumlah 14 orang  pegawai. Metode analisis yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah dengan menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh penulis adalah sebesar 0,74.  Yang artinya bahwa ada hubungan yang tinggi sekali antara pengaruh  komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Kepegawaian Kabupaten Tambrauw.
ANALISIS EFESIENSI PEMANFAATAN MODAL KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA IV (PERSERO) CABANG MAKASSAR
Authors: Rahman Abdul
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini, 1) Untuk menganalisis keadaan sumber dan penggunaan modal kerjayang dimiliki untuk menghasilkan Sisa Hasil usaha pada Koperasi Karyawan PT PelabuhanIndonesia IV (Persero) Cabang Makassar. 2) Untuk menganalisis efektivitas pemanfaatanmodal kerja dalam mencapai Laba Usaha pada Koperasi Karyawan PT Pelabuhan IndonesiaIV (Persero) Cabang Makassar.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif denganTeknik analisis kuantitatif adalah analisis dengan menggunakan cara sebagai berikut : 1)analisis sumber dan penggunaan dana (Munawir, 1999:97) dan analisis rentabilitas digunakanmetode analisis rentabilitas seluruh modal dan rentabilitas modal.Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan tahun 2014 sebesar 124,55% dan pada tahun 2015 sebesar 77,80% ini berartibahwa setiap hutang lancar Rp. 1,00 dijamin oleh quick ratio assets Rp. 124,55% untuk tahun2014 dan setiap hutang lancar Rp. 1,00 dijamin oleh quick ratio sebesar Rp. 77,80 untuktahun 2015. Sedangkan Hasil perhitungan rasio menunjukkan tahun 2014 sebesar 124,55%dan pada tahun 2015 sebesar 77,80% ini berarti bahwa setiap hutang lancar Rp. 1,00 dijaminoleh quick ratio assets Rp. 124,55% untuk tahun 2014 dan setiap hutang lancar Rp. 1,00dijamin oleh quick ratio sebesar Rp. 77,80 untuk tahun 2015.
PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP PENJUALAN PADA PT. NESTLE INDOFOOD CITARASA INDONESIA DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Rasyid Nuraini , Rawi Rais Dera Pua
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bauran pemasaran yang terdiri dari harga, produk, distribusi dan promosi terhadap penjualan sambel Indofood pada PT. Nestle Citarasa Indonesia di Makassar.Sedangkan jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis data, 1) Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh bauran pemasaran yang terdiri dari harga, produk, distribusi dan promosi terhadap penjualan sambel Indofood. 2) Analisis regresi berganda mengukur keterkaitan unsur-unsur bauran pemasaran terhadap peningkatan penjualan sambel Indofood, persamaan yaitu : Y = b0 + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3 X3 + e. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien regresi memperlihatkan hasil koefisien konstanta (variabel Penjualan) adalah sebesar 3,173 dengan Thitung sebesar 3,574 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,037, variabel Harga (X1) adalah sebesar 0,401 dengan Thitung sebesar 5,547 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,012, variabel Biaya Promosi (X2) adalah sebesar 0,751 dengan Thitung sebesar 12,498 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,001 dan untuk variabel Biaya Distribusi sebesar -0,098 dengan Thitung sebesar -7,955 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,004. Nilai Ttabel untuk uji ini adalah sebesar 1,943 yang diperoleh dengan alpha 5% dan df sebesar 6 (n-1). Jika kita bandingkan nilai Thitung koefisien konstanta dengan Ttabel, terlihat bahwa nilai Thitung lebih besar dari pada Ttabel, dan nilai signifikan yang lebih kecil dari pada alpha 5%, maka kesimpulan yang bisa diambil adalah menolak Ho yang berarti signifikan secara statistik
PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS
Authors: Muhtarom Ali
Published: January 2019

Pemeliharaan lingkungan bukanlah sekedar estetika (keindahan) semata namun lebihpada implementasi tujuan diberlakukannya nilai-nilai ajaran Islam. Upaya melestarikanlingkungan hidup juga sudah dilakukan Nabi Muhammad saw. Dalam sebuah hadisdijelaskan bahwa Nabi melarang menebang pohon sidrah (pohon bidara) sebagaimanadiriwayatkan oleh imam Abu Dawud dalam hadis nomor 4561. Pemahaman yang bisadicapai dalam hadits tersebut adalah , bahwa pemeliharaan lingkungan merupakanpenjagaan dan realisasi dari kelima tujuan syariat tersebut. Oleh karena itu, apabilaada manusia yang berbuat kerusakan atau merusak lingkungan, maka dianggap telahmelanggar syariat Islam. Upaya membangun kesadaran lingkunngan seharusnyadilakukan melalui pendidikan, pelatihan pembinaan, dan penanaman nilai-nilaiajaran Islam, yang bersumber dari dalil-dalil al-Quran dan al-Hadis. Kemudian upayamembangun kesadaran terhadap kelestarian lingkungan hidup tersebut juga harusdilakukan secara terus menerus sehingga membentuk karakter bagi setiap individuuntuk yang selanjutnya membentuk kesadaran intrinsik bagi setiap individu dalammenyikapi fenomena lingkungan hidup.
PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Laela Nur
Published: January 2019

Berbicara tentang hadhânah tidak hanya pada hak asuh anak belaka, menlainkanjuga mendidik anak, dengan memberikan ta’lîm hingga inkâh (menikahkan) ketikasudah dewasa, lalu terputuskan kewajiban orang tua ketika sang anak sudan menikah.Pembahasan tulisan ini, lebih dispesifikasikan pada pembahasan pendidikan anak(tarbiyatu al-aulâd) dalam kerangka hadhanah perspektif pendidikan Islam, sehinggapada pembahasannya lebih pada bagaimana peran orang tua (role of parents) terhadapmasa depan pendidikan anak, baik dalam bidang pendidikan formal maupun nonformal sesuai dengan anjuran yang terdapat dalam Islam. Termasuk pembahasansecara implementatif maqashid al-syariah pada konsep hadhanah yang lebih filosofisdan kontekstual.
TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ERA MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA)
Authors: Ginanjar M Hidayat
Published: January 2019

Era MEA membawa pengaruh besar, karena di era ini, semua informasi dapat denganmudah didapatkan dalam segala hal terutama kemajuan teknologi informasi yangsemakin canggih. Kemajuan-kemajuan teknologi informasi itu cenderung mengubahpola pikir, gaya hidup dan budaya masyarakat maupun bangsa. Dalam situasi dankeadaan ini, pendidikan sebagai media efektif dalam transformasi atau mengkontruksimanusia seutuhnya tidak terkecuali lembaga-lembaga pendidikan yang ada diIndonesia, juga dimungkinkan berorientasi pragmatisme yang mengarahkan padapeningkatan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas. Ini menunjukkan betapapentingnya peranan pendidikan dalam membangun SDM dan pengembangankarakter bangsa. Peluang globalisasi pada dunia pendidikan mendatangkan kemajuanyang sangat cepat, yakni munculnya beragam sumber belajar dan merebaknya mediasosial, khususnya internet dan media elektronik sebagai sumber ilmu dan pusatpendidikan. Disinilah pentingnya optimalisasi peran pendidikan, khususnya paraguru yang berkecimpung pada sekolah keagamaan atau sekolah yang dikelola olehOrganisasi Keagamaan, harus mengambil perhatian masalah ini dan mencari cara-carapemecahannya. Lembaga Pendidikan harus menjadi benteng terakhir yang berperanmembendung dampak negatif dari kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasiyang semakin cepat.
THE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHERS’S ROLE IN MOTIVATION THE STUDENTS TO LEARN IN GRADE 7 SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH 3 PADANG
Authors: Lahmi Ahmad , Padri Husni
Published: January 2019

Tetapkan fokus pada fokus utama pada saat ini ((Sekolah Dasar Sekolah Dasar Sekolah: Muhammadiyah 3 Padang. Tujuannya adalah untuk menjelaskan sebagai berikut: (1) mengetahui guru-guru Pendidikan agama Islam hearts Motivasi Peserta didik untuk review belajar di Kelas 7 Sekolah Muhammadiyah 3 Padang, (2) Untuk mengetahui guru-guru Pendidikan agama di Motivasi Peserta didik untuk review belajar di Kelas 7 Sekolah Muhammadiyah 3 Padang. Beroperasi Penelitian Suami Adalah deskriptif kualitatif naturalistik yang berhubungan apa yang dipelajari dan tidak direkayasa. Untuk membuat penelitian dilakukan menggunakan teknik data seperti wawancara, dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam motivasi peserta didik untuk belajar di kelas 7 Sekolah Muhammadiyah 3 Padang adalah sebagai berikut; memberikan motivasi kepada siswa atau dorongan sebelum memulai pembelajaran, menjelaskan manfaat dan tujuan pembelajaran, memilih cara penyajian yang bervariasi, memberikan manfaat dan membantu dalam belajar, memberikan pujian, hadiah atau hadiah, hadiah untuk anak didik pribadi. Berdasarkan hasil yang ada dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru pendidikan Islam dalam memotivasi siswa untuk belajar di kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Padang adalah: memberikan motivasi atau dorongan sebelum pembelajaran dimulai,menjelaskan manfaat dan tujuan pembelajaran yang diberikan, memilih cara penyajian yang bervariasi, memberikan solusi dan membantu dalam belajar, memberi pujian, penghargaan atau hadiah, dan penghargaan pribadi anak. Kendala yang dilewatkan oleh guru pendidikan Islam dalam memotivasi siswa untuk belajar di kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Padang adalah: Sarana dan prasarana tidak mencukupi, jumlah waktu tidak mencukupi, buku referensi tidak lengkap, minat peserta didik yang kurang, lingkungan kurang untuk hadiah.Saran-saran dalam pembahasan makalah ini adalah: (1) para peneliti memberikan kepada pihak sekolah agar memberikan informasi yang tinggi kepada para peserta didik yang lebih dari peserta untuk mempelajari dan juga untuk memberikan fasilitas-fasilitas lengkap seperti buku referensi yang membahas dengan pendidikan Islam, dan media pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. (2) Terhadap para guru, agar-agar guru lebih meningkatkan peran dalam belajar, seperti menggunakan media dalam proses belajar mengajar. Kegiatan belajar lebih banyak dan lebih aktif.
KEPEMIMPINAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI SD SALSABILA 3 BANGUNTAPAN
Authors: Mubaedi Ichsan
Published: January 2019

Kepala sekolah SDIT Salsabila 3 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta telah melakukan beberapatugasnya sebagai seorang pemimpin. Seperti menerapkan kebijakan, menyelesaikantugas dan tanggung jawab, serta keputusan-keputusan lainnya. Sebagai kepala sekolah,Ia telah menerapkan kebijakan dan menjalankan tanggung jawabnya sesuai dengankebutuhan sekolah. Bentuk dari semua yang dilakukannya merupakan cerminandari pendidikan Islam. Penjabaran dalam pendidikan Islam sendiri sebenarnya masihsangat luas, namun diantaranya menyangkut persoalan kepemimpinan. Sedangkan,kepemimpinan yang baik, salah satunya sudah dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah SDIT3 Banguntapan.Kata Kunci: kepala sekolah, pendidikan Islam, kepemimpinan
TELAAH PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD fAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG ISLAM DAN PERADABAN BARAT MODERN
Authors: Hakim Muhamad
Published: January 2019

Perkembangan pemikiran Islam Modern adalah merupakan bentuk upaya intelektual dalam mempertahankan ajaran Islam dengan mencermati bahkan menolak doktrin- doktrin lain yang berlawanan serta mencoba mengulas kedudukan kehidupan Islam secara umum. Sebagai Modernisasi dan Reformasi, Muhammad Fazlur Rahman berusaha memadukan penilaian Islam murni (turats) yang bersumber dari Al- Qur’an dan Sunnah, dan studi-studi modern untuk mengangkat spiritual dan moral masyarakat-masyarakat Islam di Timur jauh dan di Barat. Ide Struktur Iman yang memiliki warna etika dan ide tauhid dalam Islam dari Fazlur Rahman merupakan konsep dan sebagai pandangan hidup muslim agar mampu dan eksis menjalani kehidupan modern dan tetap Islam. Sejalan dengan dinamika kehidupan masyarakat modern berjalan terus dan selalu berubah, maka konsep yang ditawarkan Fazlur Rahman tersebut masih cukup relefan untuk saat ini, akan tetapi untuk eksisnya konsep tersebut perlu pemahaman yang komprehensip, kontekstual dan iftikad yang dilakukan terus menerus. Pendekatan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan studi tokoh dengan pendektan sejarah intelektual tentang perkembangan Islam modern dalam bingkai peradaban Barat secara seimbang antara Islamic Civilization and Weast.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN (NEED ASSESSMENT) PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN GURU DI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN
Authors: Rinawati Atim
Published: January 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali sejauhmana kebutuhanpengembangan instrumen penilaian kompetensi kepribadian guru di KabupatenKebumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan metodepengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penentuan sampeldigunakan metode purposive. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat empatkesimpulan yang mendorong perlunya pengembanagn instrumen, yaitu (1)Ditemukannya dua permasalahan besar yaitu belum mampunya sebagain guruuntuk menjadi role model bagi murid, serta komitmen guru dalam menjalankantugas profesionalnya dinilai masih lemah. (2) Pengembangan instrumen penilaiankompetensi kepribadian guru sangat mendesak untuk dilaksanakan (3) Sekolahbelum dapat melakukan penilaian kompetensi kepribadian guru yang sistamatisdan terukur karena belum adanya instrumen penilaian yang direkomendasikanoleh pemerintah. (4) Terdapat tiga komponen yang menjadi rekomendasi sebagaiindikator yang dinilai melalui instrumen tersebut, yaitu komitmen guru dalammenjalani profesi, norma kesopanan, serta motivasi guru untuk membebaskansiswa dari kebodohan. Pendekatan profetik sangat direkomendasikan sebagaidasar dalam penyusunan instrumen kompetensi kepribadian guru.Kata Kunci: Analisis kebutuhan, instrumen penilaian, kompetensi kepribadianguru
SEKOLAH SEBAGAI AGEN BINA DAMAI MELALUI RUANG KELAS
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Najitama Fikria
Published: January 2019

Selama ini sekolah ibarat gunung emas, yang menjulang tinggi dan menyilaukan.Perasaan hebat dan berjasa menjadi nyanyian dunia pendidikan beserta parapelakunya. Namun siapa sangka, bila sekolah menjadi salah satu perintiskesenjangan sosial masyarakat yang terstruktur sebagaimana ungkapan PierreBourdieu. Para peserta didik yang haus akan pengetahuan dan dalam prosespencarian jatidiri pada akhirnya harus bertemu dengan sebuah konsep danprosedur yang melegitimasi kesenjangan melalui kekerasan simbolik baikverbal maupun non verbal yang diterima di sekolah termasuk di dalam prosespembelajaran . Kekerasan yang mungkin disadari atau tidak sadari para pegiatpendidikan di dalamnya. Padahal fungsi sebuah pendidikan adalah untukmemberikan pengasuhan yang menanamkan nilai-nilai luhur kemanusiaansebagai tugas Ke-Ilahian. Bahwa dengan pendidikan seseorang menjadilebih percaya diri dengan apa yang ada pada dirinya dan disyukuri denganmeningkatkan kemampuan baiknya baik terhadap diri sendiri maupun oranglain. Seorang manusia yang cerdas yang memiliki kepekaan terhadap diridan lingkungannnya. Sehingga mampu mengetahui permasalahan diri danlingkungannya dan mencoba mencari solusi yang bersifat damai, bahwa peaceis beautiful.Kata Kunci: Sekolah, Pembelajaran, Agen Bina Damai
Dispersion of the Retardation of a Photoelastic Modulator
Authors: Wang Shuang , Han Xie , Wang Yaning , Li Kewu
Published: January 2019

Recently, ellipsometry and polarization imaging using photoelastic modulators (PEMs) have been applied to a wide spectral range, from vacuum ultraviolet to the mid-infrared wavelengths. To ensure high accuracy polarization performance, the accurate calibration of the retardation of PEM is crucial. In this report, the dispersion of the retardation of the PEM is studied. According to the operational principle of PEM, their retardation can be separated into independent dispersion and driving terms. The effect attributed to the dispersion on PEM retardation calibration is experimentally explored. These experiments indicate that the dispersion term can be defined in advance using the refractive index of the photoelastic crystal under incident light, and that the driving term is directly proportional to the amplitude of the driving voltage. The calibration method for the retardation amplitude of the PEM, which considers dispersion, is also demonstrated. The results show that the relative deviation between the calibration and actual measurement values of PEM retardation amplitude are less than 1%. This study presents an accurate way to calibrate the PEM retardation and supports the application of PEMs in a wide range of wavelengths.
Addressable Refraction and Curved Soliton Waveguides Using Electric Interfaces
Authors: Fazio Eugenio , Alonzo Massimo , Belardini Alessandro
Published: January 2019

A great deal of interest over the years has been directed to the optical space solitons for the possibility of realizing 3D waveguides with very low propagation losses. A great limitation in their use for writing complex circuits is represented by the impossibility of making curved structures. In the past, solitons in nematic liquid crystals, called nematicons, were reflected on electrical interfaces, and more recently photorefractive spatial solitons have been, as well. In the present work, we investigate refraction and total reflection of spatial solitons with saturable electro-optic nonlinearity, such as the photorefractive ones, on an electric wall acting as a reflector. Using a custom FDTD code, the propagation of a self-confined beam was analyzed as a function of the applied electric bias. The electrical reflector was simulated by applying different biases in two adjacent volumes. We observed both smaller and larger angles of refraction, up to the critical π/2-refraction condition, and then the total reflection. The radii of curvature of the associated guides can be varied from centimeters down to hundreds of microns. The straight guides showed losses as low as 0.07 dB/cm as previously observed, while the losses associated with single curves were estimated to be as low as 0.2 dB.
Pick and Place Operations in Logistics Using a Mobile Manipulator Controlled with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Iriondo Ander , Lazkano Elena , Susperregi Loreto , Urain Julen , Fernandez Ane , Molina Jorge
Published: January 2019

Programming robots to perform complex tasks is a very expensive job. Traditional path planning and control are able to generate point to point collision free trajectories, but when the tasks to be performed are complex, traditional planning and control become complex tasks. This study focused on robotic operations in logistics, specifically, on picking objects in unstructured areas using a mobile manipulator configuration. The mobile manipulator has to be able to place its base in a correct place so the arm is able to plan a trajectory up to an object in a table. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach was selected to solve this type of complex control tasks. Using the arm planner’s feedback, a controller for the robot base is learned, which guides the platform to such a place where the arm is able to plan a trajectory up to the object. In addition the performance of two DRL algorithms ((Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG)) and (Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO)) is compared within the context of a concrete robotic task.
Comparative Investigation of Cutting Devices on Bone Blocks: An SEM Morphological Analysis
Authors: Lo Giudice Roberto , Puleio Francesco , Rizzo David , Alibrandi Angela , Lo Giudice Giorgio , Centofanti Antonio , Fiorillo Luca , Di Mauro Debora , Nicita Fabiana
Published: January 2019

Background: Bone regeneration is a reliable technique when the bone volume is insufficient to provide a functional and aesthetic outcome in surgery and implantoprosthesis procedures. When bone blocks are used but do not match the shape of the defect, the block must be adapted. The aim of our research was to evaluate, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphological observation, how different cutting devices modify the bone surface. Method: Four equine bone blocks were divided into 15 cubic shape samples with ultrasonic and sonic tips, as well as diamond, tungsten carbide, and Lindemann burs. The uncut surface of the obtained bone block was used as a control. Two observers independently analyzed the SEM observation recording, including cut precision, depth of incision, thermal damages, and presence of bone debris. For each group, sharpness, depth, carbonization, and bone debris were expressed as mean values. Results: The osteotomy performed with an ultrasonic tip shows the best results, preserving the bone morphology in both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The bone surface appeared sufficiently clean from debris and showed a reduced presence of carbonization. Conclusion: The shaping of the bone block as in vivo osteotomy respects the bone morphology and allows it to achieve the relevant biological and clinical outcome.
Study on Lightweight and Strengthening Effect of Carbon Nanotube in Highly Ordered Nanoporous Nickel: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhou Yu , Jiang Wu-Gui , Li Duo-Sheng , Qin Qing-Hua
Published: January 2019

The mechanical behavior of nanocomposites consisting of highly ordered nanoporous nickel (HONN) and its carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composites (CNHONNs) subjected to a high temperature of 900 K is investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The study indicates that, out-of-plane mechanical properties of the HONNs are generally superior to its in-plane mechanical properties. Whereas the CNT shows a significant strengthening effect on the out-of-plane mechanical properties of the CNHONN composites. Compared to pure HONNs, through the addition of CNTs from 1.28 wt‰ to 5.22 wt‰, the weight of the composite can be reduced by 5.83‰ to 2.33% while the tensile modulus, tensile strength, compressive modulus and compressive strength can be increased by 2.2% to 8.8%, 1% to 5.1%, 3.6% to 10.2% and 4.9% to 10.7%, respectively. The energy absorption capacity can also be improved due to the existence of CNTs. Furthermore, the MD simulations provide further insights into the deformation mechanism at the atomic scale, including fracture in tension, pore collapse in compression and local changes in lattice structures due to stacking faults.
Influence of Nitrogen Admixture on Plasma Characteristics in a dc Argon Glow Discharge and in Afterglow
Authors: Dyatko Nikolay A. , Ionikh Yury Z. , Napartovich Anatoly P.
Published: January 2019

The present paper is based on the materials of the Invited Lecture presented at 29th Summer School and International Symposium on the Physics of Ionized Gases (28 August 2018–1 September 2018, Belgrade, Serbia). In the paper, the effect of nitrogen admixture on various characteristics of a dc glow discharge in argon (the volt-ampere characteristic, rate of plasma decay in the afterglow, discharge constriction condition, and formation of a partially constricted discharge) is considered.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles Applications: Recent Trends in Food Control
Authors: Vinci Giuliana , Rapa Mattia
Published: January 2019

Scientific research in the nanomaterials field is constantly evolving, making it possible to develop new materials and above all to find new applications. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are suitable for different applications: nanomedicine, drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics and food control. This review explores the recent trend in food control of using noble metallic nanoparticles as determination tools. Two major uses of NPs in food control have been found: the determination of contaminants and bioactive compounds. Applications were found for the determination of mycotoxins, pesticides, drug residues, allergens, probable carcinogenic compounds, bacteria, amino acids, gluten and antioxidants. The new developed methods are competitive for their use in food control, demonstrated by their validation and application to real samples.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule
Authors: Poddar Saikat Kumar , Sifat Ali Ehsan , Haque Sanjana , Nahid Noor Ahmed , Chowdhury Sabiha , Mehedi Imtias
Published: January 2019

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human—one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, the pharmacological activities of NMN include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and complications associated with obesity. The recent groundbreaking discovery of anti-ageing activities of this chemical moiety has added a valuable essence in the research involving this molecule. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of NMN in mammalian and prokaryotic cells and mechanism of absorption along with the reported pharmacological activities in murine model.
Establishing Grounds for Building Orientation Mapping and Validation of Noise Level Correlation Modeling on Aircraft Take-off and Landing
Authors: Setyowati Erni , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Putri Agitta Raras
Published: January 2019

This research highlights correlation modeling between residential buildings orientation toward the runway as noise source and noise level. Many studies used noise mapping to identify noise performance in cities, but none of them discussed building orientation as an effort to reduce noise. This research aims to resolve the noise exceeding threshold of 55 dB for landed residential area. The method used was empirical experiments based on ISO 1996-1 using a 1:1-scaled building block model that was rotatable on its axis on various orientation angles. To examine the difference in sound reduction patterns, measurements were carried out during aircraft take-off and landing in three measurement conditions: outside the building model (OS), inside the model with both closed (CW) and open window (OW). The relative values of sound reduction in every angle were mapped and a Correlation Modeling was then empirically developed and theoretically validated by origin-8 software. As a result, the empirical validation formula deviation averaged only 1.20% and 1.13% during take-off and landing respectively from the actual noise and the theoretical validation. Furthermore, the new modeling was verified as a derivation from the grand theory of inverse square law and could be applied for master plan design.
Evaluating an Oral Health Education Intervention in Chinese Undocumented Migrant Mothers of Infants in Northern Ireland
Authors: Yuan Siyang
Published: January 2019

Background: Poor oral health remains a significant dental public health challenge for ethnic minority and immigrant groups living in the UK. This study aimed to evaluate a culturally appropriate community-based home visiting oral health education intervention for Chinese, undocumented migrant mothers to promote their infants’ oral health, by focusing on their oral health related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Methods: A convenience sample of 36 Chinese mothers with babies aged less than eight weeks were recruited in South-East region of Belfast. The local Chinese community was consulted to assist with the development of the intervention. The oral health education intervention was provided to 19 intervention group mothers through home visits and telephone calls during mothers’ first postpartum year. They were also provided with unlimited social support during the intervention period. Mothers’ oral health related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding baby toothbrushing and sugar snacking were measured at eight weeks, six months, and 12 months. Results: A higher proportion of Chinese intervention group mothers had improved knowledge about baby toothbrushing at 12 months compared with control group mothers (χ2 = 14.12: p = 0.004). Significantly, more intervention group mothers’ oral health related attitudes were enhanced regarding baby toothbrushing and sugar snacking compared with control group mothers. Conclusion: This community-based oral health education intervention has shown effects in mothers’ self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the intervention group when the community based and culturally appropriate home-visiting program improved the mothers’ oral health related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
Remote Sampling with Applications to General Entanglement Simulation
Authors: Brassard Gilles , Devroye Luc , Gravel Claude
Published: January 2019

We show how to sample exactly discrete probability distributions whose defining parameters are distributed among remote parties. For this purpose, von Neumann’s rejection algorithm is turned into a distributed sampling communication protocol. We study the expected number of bits communicated among the parties and also exhibit a trade-off between the number of rounds of the rejection algorithm and the number of bits transmitted in the initial phase. Finally, we apply remote sampling to the simulation of quantum entanglement in its essentially most general form possible, when an arbitrary finite number m of parties share systems of arbitrary finite dimensions on which they apply arbitrary measurements (not restricted to being projective measurements, but restricted to finitely many possible outcomes). In case the dimension of the systems and the number of possible outcomes per party are bounded by a constant, it suffices to communicate an expected O ( m 2 ) bits in order to simulate exactly the outcomes that these measurements would have produced on those systems.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge of Relational Structure of Physics Concepts: Finding Key Concepts of Electricity and Magnetism
Authors: Koponen Ismo T. , Nousiainen Maija
Published: January 2019

Relational interlinked dependencies between concepts constitute the structure of abstract knowledge and are crucial in learning conceptual knowledge and the meaning of concepts. To explore pre-service teachers’ declarative knowledge of physics concepts, we have analyzed concept networks, which agglomerate 12 pre-service teacher students’ representations of the key elements in electricity and magnetism. We show that by using network-based methods, the interlinked connections of nodes, locally and globally, can be analyzed to reveal how different elements of the network are supported through their connections to other nodes in the network. Nodes with high global connectivity initialize contiguous concept patchworks within the network and are thus most often found to be abstract, general, and advanced concepts. Locally cohesive concepts, on the other hand, are nearly always auxiliary supporting concepts, related to specific textbook-type experiments and model-type conceptional elements. Comparisons of group-level knowledge and individual pre-service teacher students’ knowledge in the form of networks shows that while in group-level the aggregated knowledge is expert-like, at the individual level pre-service teacher students possess only a fraction of that knowledge.
Does High-Quality Preschool Benefit Children? What the Research Shows
Authors: Morgan Hani
Published: January 2019

Despite research showing that high-quality early education can be extremely beneficial, a large percentage of American children do not attend preschool. In addition, children from low-income families are less likely to enroll in preschool and more likely to attend low-quality early education programs. One reason for this outcome involves low spending on early education. In comparison with many industrialized nations, the United States spends little on preschool education, allowing other countries to be ahead in this area. This paper summarizes the findings of research on preschool education. It also offers a few ideas on improving early education programs and reasons for implementing universal preschool.
Provitamin A Carotenoids, Tocopherols, Ascorbic Acid and Minerals in Indigenous Leafy Vegetables from Tanzania
Authors: Gowele Victoria Flavian , Kinabo Joyce , Jumbe Theresia , Kirschmann Carolyn , Frank Jan , Stuetz Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

The essential micronutrients in indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) could substantially contribute to the micronutrient supply in rural communities in Tanzania, but concentrations differ between species. Provitamin A carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, minerals, and phytate were analysed in 13 different species using HPLC-, ICP-OES, and photometric techniques. Eight of the 13 ILVs, including Amaranthus ssp. and Sesamum angustifolium, had high β-carotene concentrations (2.91–4.84 mg/100 g fresh weight), which could provide ≥50% of vitamin A’s recommended nutrient intake (RNI). Six ILVs including Cleome hirta and Sonchus luxurians had high iron contents (34.5–60.4 mg/100 g, >50% RNI); Amaranthus ssp. represented the ILV with high calcium, magnesium and zinc contents (85%, 207% and 21% of RNI per 100 g); Cleome hirta and Cleome gynandra had high ascorbic acid contents (>15 mg/100 g, 34–35% of RNI), while Sesamum angustifolium was the only ILV with a high tocopherol content (7.34 mg α-TE/100 g). The highest phytate concentration was found in Amaranthus ssp., which could negatively affect its role as a very good source of minerals. Results indicate that the analysed ILVs could make a substantial contribution to the vitamin A and iron supply in the diets of rural Tanzanian populations.
First Macro-Colonizers and Survivors Around Tagoro Submarine Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Sotomayor-García Ana , Rueda José L. , Sánchez-Guillamón Olga , Urra Javier , Vázquez Juan T. , Palomino Desirée , Fernández-Salas Luis M. , López-González Nieves , González-Porto Marcos , Santana-Casiano J. Magdalena , González-Dávila Melchor , Presas-Navarro Carmen , Fraile-Nuez E.
Published: January 2019

Tagoro, the youngest submarine volcano of the Canary Islands, erupted in 2011 South of El Hierro Island. Pre-existing sea floor and inhabiting biological communities were buried by the newly erupted material, promoting the appearance of new habitats. The present study pursues to describe the first metazoans colonizing different new habitats formed during the eruption and to create precedent on this field. Through dredge and remote operated vehicle samplings, five main habitat types have been detected based on the substrate type and burial status after the eruption. Inside the Tagoro volcanic complex (TVC), two new habitats are located in and around the summit and main craters—hydrothermal vents with bacterial mats and sulfurous-like fields mainly colonized by small hydrozoan colonies. Two other habitats are located downslope the TVC; new hard substrate and new mixed substrate, holding the highest biodiversity of the TVC, especially at the mixed bottoms with annelids (Chloeia cf. venusta), arthropods (Monodaeus couchii and Alpheus sp.), cnidarians (Sertularella cf. tenella), and molluscs (Neopycnodonte cochlear) as the first colonizers. An impact evaluation was done comparing the communities of those habitats with the complex and well-established community described at the stable hard substrate outside the TVC, which is constituted of highly abundant hydrozoans (Aglaophenia sp.), antipatharians (Stichopates setacea and Antipathes furcata), and colonizing epibionts (e.g., Neopycnodonte cochlear). Three years after the eruption, species numbers at Tagoro were still low compared to those occurring at similar depths outside the TVC. The first dominant species at the TVC included a large proportion of common suspension feeders of the circalittoral and bathyal hard bottoms of the area, which could have exploited the uncolonized hard bottoms and the post eruptive fertilization of water masses.
The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
Authors: Segal Benjamin M.
Published: January 2019

Autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide association studies, and immune profiles of individuals with MS. Furthermore, disease modifying agents that target lymphocytes significantly reduce the rate of MS clinical exacerbations. However, the properties of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells that are critical for their pathogenic activities are not understood completely. This article reviews the literature on encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells, with an emphasis on T-helper (Th) lineage and cytokine production. An increased understanding of the spectrum of encephalitogenic T cells and how they differ from protective subsets is necessary for the development of the next generation of more effective and safer immunomodulatory therapies customized for individuals with MS and related disorders.
Effect of Deformation Path on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of TWIP980 Steel
Authors: Pereira António B. , Fernandes Fábio A.O. , Filipe Bruno
Published: January 2019

Recent technological advances have made it possible to manufacture steels with both high strength and high ductility. This is the case for Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels which are characterized by a twinning deformation mechanism, which is responsible for its excellent properties. In this work, TWIP980 steel was tested under tensile loading along the rolling direction until pre-deformations of 10%, 20%, and 30% were reached. In order to assess the effect of the deformation path, the pre-deformed samples were reloaded in directions of 0°, 45° and 90° against the rolling direction. Microstructural analysis was performed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The yield stress increased with the imposed deformation for all the tested directions. As the strain path changed from 0° to 90°, the yield stress for reload decreased, and the Bauschinger effect and permanent softening was observed. The yield plateau was observed as being directly influenced by deformation path without influence by strain rate and temperature.
Cryogenic Milling: Study of the Effect of CO2 Cooling on Tool Wear When Machining Inconel 718, Grade EA1N Steel and Gamma TiAl
Authors: Fernández David , Sandá Alejandro , Bengoetxea Ion
Published: January 2019

The need for machining advanced materials has increased exponentially in recent years. Ni-based alloys, Ti-based alloys or some steel grades are commonly used in transport, energy generation or biomedicine industries due to their excellent properties that combine hardness, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance. These desirable properties make such alloys extremely difficult to machine, inducing a quick cutting tool wear that must be overcome. In the last decade, cryogenic machining has emerged in order to improve the machining of these materials. By means of cryogenic fluids such as cutting coolants, significant improvements in the life of cutting tools are obtained. However, most studies on this new technology are focused on turning processes, because of the difficulty of introducing cryogenic fluids through a rotary tool in processes such as drilling and milling. In this study, a cryogenic milling system integrated within the tool holder is used for milling Gamma TiAl, Inconel 718 and grade EA1N steel using carbon dioxide as a coolant. This system has been compared with the traditional cooling method (emulsion) in terms of tool life to check if it is possible to improve the machining operation in terms of efficiency by supplying the cryogenic coolant directly to the cutting zone. The results show that by replacing traditional pollutant cooling fluids with other more ecologically-friendly alternatives, it is possible to improve tool life by 100% and 175% in the cases of Gamma TiAl and grade EA1N steel, respectively, when using the new delivery system for the coolant.
Forming Process, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Walled 316L Stainless Steel Using Speed-Cold-Welding Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Wei , Xue Jiaxiang , Wang Leilei , Zhang Zhanhui , Hu Yu , Dong Changwen
Published: January 2019

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) produces thin-walled parts superior to other additive manufacturing methods, because of its high efficiency, good compactability, and low cost. However, the WAAM accuracy is limited by its large heat input. Here, 0.8 mm 316L stainless steel welding wire is deposited via speed cold welding to form 30-layered thin-walled samples, with 2 mm thickness, and up to 65 mm height. The effects of three process parameters (the bottom current mode, scanning speed, and cooling time) on the deposition process stability, macro morphology, structure, and mechanical properties are studied. In the experiment, the probability density curves of electrical parameters of sample #GRBC-30 cm/min-10 s on the third and tenth layers were narrower than other samples, which implied a more stable process. The three process parameters mainly affect the deposition morphology and have a minor performance effect. The hardness and tensile properties mainly depend on the deposition direction. Gradual, layer-by-layer current reduction improves the bottom molding and performance, and the deposition efficiency, and stabilizes the process. Scanning speed enhancement or cooling time reduction destabilizes the end formation, reduces the effective deposition rate, and slightly degrades the performance. All deposited samples are distinctly anisotropic, but satisfy the industrial standard. Overall, deposition in speed cold welding mode, with 10 s cooling time, 30 cm/min scanning speed, and gradually reduced bottom current exhibits good stability, and the molding efficiency and mechanical properties are optimal.
High Performance Drain Engineered InGaN Heterostructure Tunnel Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Duan Xiaoling , Zhang Jincheng , Chen Jiabo , Zhang Tao , Zhu Jiaduo , Lin Zhiyu , Hao Yue
Published: January 2019

A drain engineered InGaN heterostructure tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) is proposed and investigated by Silvaco Atlas simulation. This structure uses an additional metal on the drain region to modulate the energy band near the drain/channel interface in the drain regions, and increase the tunneling barrier for the flow of holes from the conduction band of the drain to the valence band of the channel region under negative gate bias for n-TFET, which induces the ambipolar current being reduced from 1.93 × 10−8 to 1.46 × 10−11 A/μm. In addition, polar InGaN heterostructure TFET having a polarization effect can adjust the energy band structure and achieve steep interband tunneling. The average subthreshold swing of the polar drain engineered heterostructure TFET (DE-HTFET) is reduced by 53.3% compared to that of the nonpolar DE-HTFET. Furthermore, ION increases 100% from 137 mA/mm of nonpolar DE-HTFET to 274 mA/mm of polar DE-HTFET.