bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membrane lipid adaptation of soil Gram-negative bacteria isolates to temperature and pH
Authors: Hellequin Eve , Collin Sylvie , Seder-Colomina Marina , Véquaud Pierre , Anquetil Christelle , Kish Adrienne , Huguet Arnaud
Published: October 2022

3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) are characteristic components of the Gram-negative bacterial membrane, recently proposed as promising temperature and pH (paleo) proxies in soil. Nevertheless, to date, the relationships between the 3-OH FA distribution and temperature/pH are only based on empirical studies, with no work at the microbial level. This work investigated the influence of growth temperature and pH on the lipid profile in three strains of soil Gram-negative bacteria belonging to theBacteroidetesphylum. Even though the non-hydroxy FAs were more abundant than the 3-OH FAs in the investigated strains, we showed the important role of the 3-OH FAs in the membrane adaptation of Gram-negative bacteria to temperature. The strains shared a common adaptation mechanism to temperature, with a significant increase in the ratio ofanteisovs.isoornormal3-OH FAs at lower temperature. In contrast with temperature, no common adaptation mechanism to pH was noticed, the variations in the FA lipid profiles differing from one strain to another. The models envisioning the reconstruction of environmental changes in soils should include the whole suite of 3-OH FAs present in the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, as all of them can be influenced by temperature or pH at the microbial level.
University students' perceptions of shifting between online and offline learning: lessons from Kerala, India
Authors: Maya Madhavan , Anjana V.M. , Mini G.K.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The study explores the perspectives of college students on the pedagogical shift as well as frequent transitions between online and offline learning modes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala, the most literate state in India.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,366 college students in Kerala during December 2021. A pre-tested questionnaire was sent using Google Forms to students of arts and science colleges. The authors analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics and qualitative data using thematic content analysis.

Findings

The reported advantages of online learning were increased technical skill, flexibility in study time, effectiveness in bridging the gap of the missed academic period and provision of attending more educational webinars. Students expressed concerns of increased workload, difficulty in concentration due to family circumstances, academic incompetency, uncleared doubts and addiction to mobile phones and social media during the online classes. The main advantages reported for switching to an offline learning mode were enhanced social interaction, effective learning, better concentration and reduced stress. The reported challenges of offline classes were fear of getting the disease, concern of maintaining social distancing and difficulty in wearing masks during the classes. The shift in offline to online learning and vice versa was perceived as a difficult process for the students as it took a considerable time for them to adjust to the switching process of learning.

Originality/value

Students' concerns regarding transition between different learning modes provide important information to educators to better understand and support the needs of students during the pandemic situations.
A sustainable economic revival plan for post-COVID-19 using machine learning approach – a case study in developing economy context
Authors: Bhanot Neeraj , Ahuja Jaya , Kidwai Humaid Imran , Nayan Ankit , Bhatti Rajbir S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The impact of COVID-19 has caused a recession in economies all over the world. In this context, the current study aims to analyze the prevailing economic scenario using a machine learning approach and suggest sustainable measures to recover the global economy taking the case of Make in India (MII) initiative of developing the economy as a base for the study.

Design/methodology/approach

A well-known topic modeling technique – Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm has been employed to extract useful information characterizing the existing state of selected sectors under the MII initiative alongside catalytic policies that have been implemented for the same. The textual data acts as the base of the study upon which suggestions are provided.

Findings

The findings obtained suggest that digital transformation will play a key role in concerned sectors to optimize the performance of manufacturing organizations. Additionally, inter-relationship between Key Performance Indicators for the economy's revival is crucial for effective utilization of foreign direct investment resources.

Practical implications

The novel efforts to utilize MII initiative as a case present crucial information which can be used by policy makers and various other stakeholders across the globe to enhance decision-making and draft legislation across different sectors to empower the economy.

Originality/value

The study presents a novel approach to utilize the MII initiative by identifying important measures for crucial sectors and associated policies that have been presented by employing a text mining approach which in itself makes it unique in its contribution to research literature.
Analyzing user-generated content to improve customer satisfaction at local wine tourism destinations: an analysis of Yelp and TripAdvisor reviews
Authors: Garner Benjamin , Kim David
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Social media use has increased in recent years, and businesses are looking to capitalize on the plethora of marketing opportunities afforded by this digital shift by paying attention to user-generated content (UGC) posted on review websites. Leveraging UGC can help small businesses gain a competitive advantage over late-adopters. At the same time, there is evidence to suggest that small businesses do not have the time, resources or skill level to properly use social media to create a competitive advantage. This paper aims to explore how wine tourism businesses can analyze consumer feedback on online review websites to evaluate customer perceptions and expectations and generate more effective ways to improve customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative method of thematic analysis was used to map out consumer reviews online to assess service satisfaction and dissatisfaction. A total of 848 reviews were gathered and qualitatively analyzed from two online review websites (TripAdvisor.com and Yelp.com) using open and axial coding and thematic analysis.

Findings

The results show that wine consumers are interested in the hedonic aspects of their experience, are most often attracted to wineries as a special outing and focus on factors such as scenery and atmosphere, service quality and products in their reviews. Hence, service and sales personnel have a key opportunity to capitalize on generating better service experiences through social media analysis.

Originality/value

The present study fills a gap by providing a more in-depth, qualitative exploration of the wine consumers’ psychology and experience, including factors such as atmosphere and special occasions. Furthermore, this study uses interpretive, manual coding to pick up on nuanced themes that are often missed by using automated qualitative analysis software or by looking at frequency counts in isolation.
Linking meaningful work and nurse turnover intention: a multilevel modeling
Authors: Dechawatanapaisal Decha
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the moderating role of perceived supervisor support at the team level on the relationships between meaningful work, job embeddedness, and turnover intention at the individual level.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was performed in 52 work-units from private general hospitals in Thailand. A total of 719 nurses completed a self-reported questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested through a multilevel approach.

Findings

The results indicate that job embeddedness mediates the relationship between meaningful work and intention to quit, and that perceived supervisor support at the team level reduces turnover intention by reinforcing the impact of meaningful work on job embeddedness.

Research limitations/implications

Despite a possible absence of common method variance, social desirability bias may exist due to a single-source survey data. The generalizability of the findings may be limited due to the nature of the sample, which involved only one industry.

Practical implications

Coaching supervisors on management and communication styles and providing team members with a say in concerns and expectations potentially improve how supervisors can be more supportive toward their respective team members.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study lies in its inclusion of meaningful work and a supportive constituent from team supervisors in the mediational pathway of job embeddedness-turnover model by considering a cross-level perspective.
Russia–Ukraine conflict: 2030 Agenda for SDGs hangs in the balance
Authors: Bin-Nashwan Saeed Awadh , Hassan M. Kabir , Muneeza Aishath
Published: October 2022

Purpose

While the world is yet to fully recuperate from the social and economic repercussions of COVID-19, the Russia–Ukraine conflict poses another major threat causing a humanitarian crisis and economic shock. Although the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its pledge to “leave no one behind” is a universal commitment to protect the livelihoods of vulnerable groups, the Russia–Ukraine ongoing conflict is causing immense suffering and a gloomy future for the 2030 Agenda. The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic understanding of the ramifications of the Russia–Ukraine war in SDGs progress around the world. Further, the authors shed light on how stakeholders can help engage in support of SDGs in such a challenging time.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is qualitative in nature and relies on secondary sources. The motive behind this study is to allow social and economic policy researchers and practitioners to learn from the Russia–Ukraine dispute. The authors conduct a preliminary factual analysis to determine patterns of how the conflict affects the SDGs Agenda. On this basis, the authors propose some recommendations.

Findings

While it is still early to measure the full impact of the war on crises worldwide, it is clear that the repercussions will be multi-dimensional. The authors argue that the conflict in Ukraine is severely threatening the achievement of the SDGs. As such, the authors identify patterns of this crisis that have halted progress on SDGs worldwide. Of all SDGs, the authors argue that SDG16 (i.e. peace and justice) is an absolute pre-requisite to sustaining other goals. Further, refugees should be economically empowered, resilient and sustainable food systems need to be put in place and renewable energy transition is required.

Research limitations/implications

This study serves as a springboard for future research by identifying patterns of war crises that have halted progress in achieving sustainable development worldwide. Empirical evidence needs to be conducted on the impact of this ongoing conflict on sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda.

Practical implications

This study could provide guidance to leaders and stakeholders across the globe on patterns for the impact of the Ukraine–Russia conflict on undermining global sustainable development while highlighting the need for major additional efforts to achieve the relevant SDGs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to analyse the threats the Russia–Ukraine dispute presents to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for SDGs.
The origin and evolution of entrepreneurship policies: the case of China
Authors: Huo Da , Wei Yifan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) where do a country's entrepreneurship policies come from? (2) How do they evolve and shape entrepreneurial activities?

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon the comparative political economy literature and the institutional perspective, this paper proposes a theoretical model of the origin and evolution of entrepreneurship policies. We use China as a case study to apply the theoretical model and demonstrate the evolution of entrepreneurship policies in three stages during the period 1978 to 2012.

Findings

The case analysis of China provides evidence and support for our theoretical model and unpacks the process by which entrepreneurship policies originate and evolve as the result of the interplay among constantly changing policymaking, production, and knowledge regimes.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the research context, findings may lack generalisability. Additional studies on policymaking and production regimes of different kinds and their respective roles in shaping entrepreneurship policies are encouraged to further advance this line of research.

Practical implications

This paper offers important implications concerning entrepreneurship policy and activities for policymakers, practitioners and other stakeholders in emerging economies.

Originality/value

Our study fills a gap in the entrepreneurship literature by expanding scholarly understanding of the origin and evolution of entrepreneurship policies.
Who writes and who responds? Gender and race-based differences in open annotations
Authors: Bakermans Marja , Pfeifer Geoff , San Martín William , LeChasseur Kimberly
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Historically minoritized students are routinely silenced in classroom settings. This study aims to explore whether open annotations encourage students with historically minoritized gender/racial/ethnic identities to share knowledge and ideas. In addition, this study explores how the intersectionality of student identities relates to their experiences of open annotation and assess gendered and racialized achievement of student learning objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses mixed methods to examine the use of an open annotation tool (Perusall) to foster the redistribution of epistemic authority and more equitable interactions in science, technology, engineering, and math and humanities courses at the intersection of environmental and social justice issues. The study design draws on illustrative case study methods to assist others in seeing the potential and considerations in using a similar pedagogical approach.

Findings

An open annotation tool like Perusall can foster more equitable interactions for historically minoritized students. Women reported that open annotations deepened knowledge and engagement with the source and their peers. Women of color, in particular, acknowledged the benefits of social annotations as a tool that redistributes epistemic authority. Conversely, men were more likely to comment on dissatisfaction with grading.

Originality/value

This study suggests the value of open annotation as an effective and accessible method to foster inclusive classrooms. Through examining epistemic authority in social annotations, this study provides a novel approach to addressing the disengagement of historically minoritized students.
Modeling cause-and-effect relationships among variables affecting work stress based on fuzzy DEMATEL method
Authors: Mahdinia Mohsen , Sadeghi Yarandi Mohsen , Fallah Hossein , Soltanzadeh Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Several variables can affect work stress. This study aims to model the cause-and-effect relationships among different variables that can predict work stress based on one of the most important fuzzy multicriteria decision-making methods used to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships among variables.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted in 2020, including 17 experts in safety management, occupational health and work psychology, based on the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method as a robust approach to identify the cause-and-effect relationships among different variables.

Findings

Shift work, lack of job satisfaction, mental health, mental overload, fatigue, job security, sleep disorders, environmental discomfort, work pressure, job knowledge (this could mean expertise/level of qualifications/familiarity with the job), work complexity and role conflict were found to be the most significant variables affecting work stress. Moreover, the cause-and-effect model of relationships among variables showed that shift work and lack of job satisfaction are root causes, and mental health, fatigue, mental workload, sleep disorder and environmental discomfort are direct causes.

Originality/value

Although the results of this study demonstrate that work stress can be influenced by 12 different variables, the modeling results show that some variables, such as shift work and lack of job satisfaction, can directly or indirectly impact other variables and thus result in work stress.
Water governance disclosure: the role of integrated reporting in the food, beverage and tobacco industry
Authors: Botha Martin , Oberholzer Merwe , Middelberg Susanna Levina
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate current practices of water governance disclosure in the food, beverage and tobacco industry and to determine whether the quality of disclosure has a positive association with integrated reporting (IR).

Design/methodology/approach

A water governance disclosure index was developed that used content analysis to code the latest standalone social, environmental and sustainability reports or integrated reports of 49 companies in the food, beverage and tobacco industry. The selected companies are listed on three indices, the ASX, JSE and DJSI. This was followed by quantitatively testing the association between IR and the quality of water governance disclosure, as measured against the qualitatively developed index.

Findings

It was found that the 18 IR companies’ water governance disclosure quality significantly outperformed the 31 companies in the non-IR group, with a calculated index score of 71.67% and 40.97%, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

The evidence indicates that IR is superior to non-IR water governance disclosure, and the study, therefore, contributes to the literature around the legitimacy theory by concluding that IR is supportive to companies to legitimise their being.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper stems from the comparison of water governance disclosures between IR and non-IR firms. Considering that IR preparers outperformed companies in the non-IR group could provide insights to academics, regulators and reporting organisations that IR could be used to enhance water governance disclosure.
A study on the influence of media use on college students' environmental protection behaviors
Authors: Hao Yinhua , Yasin Megat Al Imran , Boon Sim Ng
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of media use on environmental protection behaviors among college students.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 182 college students from H universities, including science, engineering, liberal arts and art, were surveyed. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data based on the proposed model, including media use, environmental protection awareness, environmental protection intentions and environmental protection behaviors, and then analyzed the impact of different gender, grade and disciplines on college students' environmental protection behavior by T-test and ANOVA.

Findings

First, it can be seen from the structural equation model analysis that media use has a significant impact on environmental protection awareness and environmental protection intention of college students, while media use has no significant direct impact on their environmental protection behaviors, but environmental protection intention has a mediating effect between media use and environmental protection behaviors. Second, the analysis of control variables explained that gender and disciplines have no significant impact on college students' environmental protection behaviors, while grades do.

Originality/value

Research on media use on environmental protection behavior was limited. This study proposed a new model of the impact of media use on environmental protection behavior and deeply analyzed the effect of media use from the perspective of environmental protection behavior. In addition, this study put forward research suggestions from the perspective of media publicity and environmental protection, hoping that the research conclusions could provide a basis and reference for ecological environment construction.
Atomic structure for AlN grown on different plane orientation of sapphire via numerical study
Authors: Mansor Mazwan , M. Syamsul , Yusuf Yusnizam , Abdul Rahman Mohd Nazri
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to present a numerical study of atomic structure for aluminium nitride (AlN) when the crystal was assumed grown on different orientation of sapphire substrate. The change of the AlN atomic structure with sapphire orientation was associated to the interface between the AlN and the sapphire. The results from this study would provide a guideline in selecting suitable orientation of sapphire for obtaining desirable AlN crystals, in particular, for reducing threading dislocation density in the AlN/sapphire templates for developing UV LEDs.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach of atomic structure by visualization for electronic and structural analysis numerical method to develop shape of atomic geometry to evaluate which plane are more suitable for the AlGaN technology UV-LED based.

Findings

The calculation based on ratio on first and second layers can be done by introduction of lattice constant.

Research limitations/implications

With plane’s color of cutting plane on bulky materials, all the shape looks the same.

Practical implications

By implementing this method, the authors can save time to find the most suitable plane on the growth structure.

Originality/value

All authors of this research paper have directly participated in the planning, execution or analysis of the study; all authors of this paper have read and approved the final version submitted; the contents of this manuscript have not been copyrighted or published previously; the contents of this manuscript are not now under consideration for publication elsewhere; the contents of this manuscript will not be copyrighted, submitted or published elsewhere, whereas acceptance by the journal is under consideration.
Dryland soil mycobiome response to long‐term precipitation variability depends on host type
Authors: Louw Nicolas , Gherardi Laureano A. , Sala Osvaldo E. , Chung Y. Anny
Published: October 2022

Climate change is projected to cause shifts in precipitation regimes globally, leading to intensified periods of precipitation and droughts. Most studies that have explored the influence of changing precipitation regimes on ecosystems have focused on changes in mean annual precipitation, rather than the variance around the mean. Soil fungi are ubiquitous organisms that drive ecosystem processes, but it is unknown how they respond to long‐term increased interannual precipitation variability.

Here, we investigated the influence of long‐term increased precipitation variability and host type on soil fungal diversity and community composition in a dryland ecosystem. We collected 300 soil samples from two time points and different host type substrate types at a long‐term precipitation variability experiment at the Jornada Long Term Ecological Research site. Next, we used amplicon sequencing to characterize soil fungal communities.

Soil fungal alpha diversity and community composition were strongly affected by host type and sampling year, and increased precipitation variability caused a modest, statistically insignificant, decrease in soil fungal evenness. Furthermore, results from our structural equational model showed that the decrease in grass‐associated soil fungal richness was likely an indirect result of host decline in response to increased precipitation variability.

Synthesis. Our work demonstrates effects of increase in interannual precipitation variability on soil fungi, and that plant hosts play a key role in mediating soil fungal responses.
Mercenaries, Migration and the Crew of the Mary Rose
Authors: NELSON SAMANTHA , FLETCHER CATHERINE
Published: October 2022

This article reconsiders the presence of foreigners in the crew of Henry VIII's ship the Mary Rose in light of recent archaeological investigations of human remains from the wreck. Through an interdisciplinary analysis drawing on archaeological investigation, the artefacts found on board the Mary Rose and historical documents, this study investigates the context for the presence of foreigners on board the ship, considering how and why these men came to be on board an English warship during the mid‐Tudor period. Although media coverage extrapolated from recent archaeological research an image of a multicultural England, this study argues that the challenge to the narrative of Henrician England as ethnically homogenous should also be considered alongside military contexts. In particular, by framing the source material within the context of both short‐term military‐based and longer‐term patterns of migration, this study points to the importance of considering military factors, the wider picture of migration, and, in particular, the intersection between them. Furthermore, it demonstrates that Tudor England relied on foreign soldiers, trade, labour and skills. By placing the archaeological and scientific enquiries into their historical contexts, a more complete narrative of Henrician England can be formed – one that acknowledges the role of strangers and transnational relationships in the defence and maintenance of the English realm.
Unmet needs for food, medicine, and mental health services among vulnerable older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tai‐Seale Ming , Cheung Michael W. , Kwak Jamie , Harris Victoria , Madonis Samantha , Russell Lc , Haley Eileen , Agnihotri Parag
Published: October 2022

Objective

To examine sociodemographic factors associated with having unmet needs in medications, mental health, and food security among older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Primary data and secondary data from the electronic health records (EHR) in an age‐friendly academic health system in 2020 were used.

Study Design

Observational study examining factors associated with having unmet needs in medications, food, and mental health.

Data Collecting/Extraction Methods

Data from a computer‐assisted telephone interview and EHR on community‐dwelling older patients were analyzed.

Principle Findings

Among 3400 eligible patients, 1921 (53.3%) (average age 76, SD 11) responded, with 857 (45%) of respondents having at least one unmet need. Unmet needs for medications were present in 595 (31.0%), for food in 196 (10.2%), and for mental health services in 292 (15.2%). Racial minorities had significantly higher probabilities of having unmet needs for medicine and food, and of being referred for services related to medications, food, and mental health. Patients living in more resource‐limited neighborhoods had a higher probability of being referred for mental health services.

Conclusions

Age‐friendly health systems (AFHS) and their recognition should include assessing and addressing social risk factors among older adults. Proactive efforts to address unmet needs should be integral to AFHS.
The impact of Medicare shared savings program participation on hospital financial performance: An event‐study analysis
Authors: Huang Huang , Zhu Xi , Ullrich Fred , MacKinney A. Clinton , Mueller Keith
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of hospitals' participation in the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) on their financial performance.

Data Sources

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Cost Reports and MSSP Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) Provider‐Level Research Identifiable File from 2011 to 2018.

Study Design

We used an event‐study design to estimate the temporal effects of MSSP participation on hospital financial outcomes and compared within‐hospital changes over time between MSSP and non‐MSSP hospitals while controlling for hospital and year fixed effects and organizational and service‐area characteristics. The following financial outcomes were evaluated: outpatient revenue, inpatient revenue, net patient revenue, Medicare revenue, operating margin, inpatient revenue share, Medicare revenue share, and allowance and discount rate.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Secondary data linked at the hospital level.

Principal Findings

Controlling for trends in non‐MSSP hospitals, MSSP participation was associated with differential increases in net patient revenue by $3.28 million (p < 0.001), $3.20 million (p < 0.01), and $4.20 million (p < 0.01) in the second, third, and fourth year and beyond after joining MSSP, respectively. Medicare revenue differentially increased by $1.50 million (p < 0.05), $2.24 million (p < 0.05), and $4.47 million (p < 0.05) in the first, second, and fourth year and beyond. Inpatient revenue share differentially increased by 0.29% (p < 0.05) in the second year and 0.44% (p < 0.05) in the fourth year and beyond. Medicare revenue share differentially increased by 0.17% (p < 0.01), 0.25% (p < 0.01), 0.32% (p < 0.01), and 0.41% (p < 0.01) in consecutive years following MSSP participation. MSSP participation was associated with 0.33% (p < 0.05) and 0.39% (p < 0.05) differential reduction in allowance and discount rate in the second and third years.

Conclusions

MSSP participation was associated with differential increases in net patient revenue, Medicare revenue, inpatient revenue share, and Medicare revenue share, and a differential reduction in allowance and discount rate.
Research on traceability strategy of food supply chain considering delay effect
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Ping , Zhao Xiao‐Jie , Sun Lu
Published: October 2022

The traceability system has significantly contributed to ensure food safety and quality. However, the biggest difficulty in food traceability is the numerous links from field to table, and there is no stable strategic partnership between supply chain members and the lack of social responsibility of some practitioners. Thus, this study aims to seek the best traceability strategy for companies in centralized model and decentralized model, respectively. Therefore, we have constructed a differential game model based on the delay effect to determine the optimal traceability level and traceable goodwill and compare the profits of the food supply chain (FSC). The results show that the delay time is positively related to the level of traceability effort and has a high impact on the traceable goodwill. Companies in the FSC can formulate optimal traceability strategies based on delay time and foster improvement in food safety and quality.
Influence of landscape and connectivity on anuran conservation: population viability analyses to designate protected areas
Authors: Andersen D. , Jang Y. , Borzée A.
Published: October 2022

Threatened species with restricted ranges are at risk from habitat fragmentation and loss, which amplifies genetic bottleneck and impacts of small changes to their environments. Ecological models including population viability analyses (PVAs) can predict the trajectory of populations in a way that is not invasive or detrimental to the study species. They can therefore be a vital tool in modeling populations for conservation purposes. Although habitat suitability models have been used in studies to suggest areas for protected area designation, PVAs are generally not used in this regard.Dryophytes suweonensisandDryophytes flaviventrisare two threatened treefrog species endemic to the Korean Peninsula. The two species face threats of habitat loss and degradation and predation by invasive species among others. We used an integrated modeling approach combining ecological niche, connectivity, and PVAs in Vortex to determine the likelihood of extinction of each species under baseline and protected area designation scenarios. Designation scenarios were simulated in Vortex through halting future reduction in carrying capacity (halting future degradation to sites through protected area status), reducing effects of catastrophes (mitigating the effects of drought), and reducing mortality rates (controlling invasive predator populations and ex situ raising of tadpoles to maturity). We classified the combination of these management efforts as “active management” as opposed to “no management,” which is currently being practiced. We additionally used a stepwise approach to determine designation priority of individual patches. Under current conditions (no management), the resulting effective metapopulations after 100 years were 167 ± 325 individuals with an 86.5% extinction probability forD. suweonensisand 165 ± 200 individuals with a 90.3% extinction probability forD. flaviventris. Under active management of all sites (93 sites covering 426.9 km2), the extinction probability was 0% for both species with significantly increased metapopulation sizes, 15 910 ± 2855 forD. suweonensis, and 4400 ± 874 forD. flaviventris. Determining designation priority can inform the regulatory bodies on which habitat to designate and whether active or passive management should be applied. Without intervention, these species will be likely to face imminent extinction. In addition to being useful for government‐imposed conservation management, our study can be followed by future studies as a methodology for prioritizing sites for protected area designation.
Militarised Peace and Bilateral Relations in the Indian Ocean: Australia's Relations with Sri Lanka, 1972–1989
Authors: Kandasamy Niro
Published: October 2022

This article examines Indian Ocean peace engagements during the late Cold War period and their outcomes for Australia's foreign relations with Sri Lanka. Using archival materials and secondary sources, it explores Australia's growing bilateral relationship with Sri Lanka at a time of heightening tensions in the Indian Ocean. Australia had vocalised support for Indian Ocean peace initiatives such as the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace, which was initially proposed by Sri Lanka at the United Nations. Australia's support failed to materialise for this initiative, however, due to its reluctance to challenge the US defence expansion. What emerged was a militarised peace in the Indian Ocean that strengthened Australia's relations with Sri Lanka, evidenced through trade, aid donations, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic missions. The strengthening bilateral relationship during the 1970s and 1980s reflected Australia's attention to smaller island states in the Indian Ocean, such as Sri Lanka, which became vital for its foreign policy turn to Asia.
Commentary: Improving access to cardiac rehabilitation (Heart: Road for health) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in rural and remote areas of North Queensland
Authors: Field Patricia , Franklin Richard C. , Barker Ruth , Ring Ian , Leggat Peter , Canuto Karla
Published: October 2022

Aims

To focus on the needs, challenges and opportunities to improve access to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) (Heart: Road to health [HRH]) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in rural and remote (R&R) areas of North Queensland.

Context

It is known that there is insufficient access to HRH for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in R&R areas of NQ, who have the highest rates of heart disease and socioeconomic disadvantage mainly due to poor social determinants of health. However, at least in part due to the impact of colonialism and predominantly western medicalised approach to health care, few gains have been made.

Approach

This commentary draws on recent research and literature and reflects on cultural issues that impact on improving access to an HRH for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in R&R areas. The underutilisation of the skills of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers (ATSIHW) and a lack of a defined process to ensure access to culturally responsive HRH are discussed. Finally, a way forward is proposed that includes the development of policies, pathways and guidelines to ensure that appropriate support is available in the client's home community.

Conclusion

It is proposed that culturally responsive, accessible and effective HRH is achievable through the reorientation of current health systems that include a continuous client‐centred pathway from hospital to home. In this model, ATSIHW will take a lead or partnership role in which their clinical, cultural brokerage and health promotion skills are fully utilised.
Allergic airway inflammation delays glioblastoma progression and reinvigorates systemic and local immunity in mice
Authors: Poli Aurélie , Oudin Anaïs , Muller Arnaud , Salvato Ilaria , Scafidi Andrea , Hunewald Oliver , Domingues Olivia , Nazarov Petr V. , Puard Vincent , Baus Virginie , Azuaje Francisco , Dittmar Gunnar , Zimmer Jacques , Michel Tatiana , Michelucci Alessandro , Niclou Simone P. , Ollert Markus
Published: October 2022

Background

Numerous patient‐based studies have highlighted the protective role of immunoglobulin E‐mediated allergic diseases on glioblastoma (GBM) susceptibility and prognosis. However, the mechanisms behind this observation remain elusive. Our objective was to establish a preclinical model able to recapitulate this phenomenon and investigate the role of immunity underlying such protection.

Methods

An immunocompetent mouse model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) was initiated before intracranial implantation of mouse GBM cells (GL261). RAG1‐KO mice served to assess tumor growth in a model deficient for adaptive immunity. Tumor development was monitored by MRI. Microglia were isolated for functional analyses and RNA‐sequencing. Peripheral as well as tumor‐associated immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. The impact of allergy‐related microglial genes on patient survival was analyzed by Cox regression using publicly available datasets.

Results

We found that allergy establishment in mice delayed tumor engraftment in the brain and reduced tumor growth resulting in increased mouse survival. AAI induced a transcriptional reprogramming of microglia towards a pro‐inflammatory‐like state, uncovering a microglia gene signature, which correlated with limited local immunosuppression in glioma patients. AAI increased effector memory T‐cells in the circulation as well as tumor‐infiltrating CD4+T‐cells. The survival benefit conferred by AAI was lost in mice devoid of adaptive immunity.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that AAI limits both tumor take and progression in mice, providing a preclinical model to study the impact of allergy on GBM susceptibility and prognosis, respectively. We identify a potentiation of local and adaptive systemic immunity, suggesting a reciprocal crosstalk that orchestrates allergy‐induced immune protection against GBM.
Comprehensive assessment of genetic diversity, structure, and relationship in four Japanese cattle breeds by Illumina 50 K SNP array analysis
Authors: Kawaguchi Fuki , Nakamura Mitsuki , Kobayashi Eiji , Yonezawa Takahiro , Sasazaki Shinji , Mannen Hideyuki
Published: October 2022

There are four unique cattle breeds in Japan: Japanese Black, Japanese Brown, Japanese Polled, and Japanese Shorthorn. The objective of this study was to comprehensively assess the genetic diversity, structure, relationship, and the degree of influence from foreign breeds (Angus, Simmental, Hanwoo, Shorthorn, Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, and Devon) in the Japanese cattle breeds using Illumina 50 K SNP array. In principal component analysis, each Japanese breed was separately clustered except for Japanese Shorthorn and Shorthorn. Japanese cattle breeds also showed different genetic components from each other at K ≥ 5 in population structure analysis. Japanese Shorthorn, on the other hand, had a very similar structure to Shorthorn at K ≤ 9, and Japanese Polled had a partially similar component with Angus at K = 3–7. Such close relationships were also observed in the phylogenetic tree. These findings imply that Japanese cattle breeds share genetic components with European cattle breeds to some extent while they have been almost differentiated. In population structure analysis, Japanese Black cattle shared little genetic component (3.5%) with European breeds. This is the first study to determine the extent to which European breeds impact Japanese breeds.
In the moment social experiences and perceptions of children with social anxiety disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Halldorsson Brynjar , Waite Polly , Harvey Kate , Pearcey Samantha , Creswell Cathy
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Childhood social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and disabling condition. General forms of cognitive behavioural treatments have demonstrated poorer efficacy for childhood SAD when compared to other childhood anxiety disorders and further understanding of the psychological factors that contribute to the maintenance of childhood SAD is warranted. Examining the social experiences of children with SAD may help to identify relevant psychological factors and increase our understanding of what keeps childhood SAD going.

Methods

The current study used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse the transcripts of interviews with 12 children aged 8–12 years with SAD who had been interviewed about their ‘in the moment’ social experiences during a social stress induction task. The interview topic guide included factors hypothesized to maintain SAD in adult cognitive models of the disorder.

Results

The interviews revealed both variety and commonalities in the experiences and interpretations of social events in children with SAD, captured in three related main themes: (i) Discomfort being the centre of attention, (ii) (Lack of) awareness of cognitions and (iii) Managing social fears. Findings indicated likely developmental influences on which maintenance mechanisms apply at which point in time.

Conclusions

There is variation in the psychological mechanisms that children with SAD endorse and developmental factors are likely to influence when specific mechanisms are relevant. We now need further studies that take a developmentally informed approach to understand the nature of the association between the factors identified in this study and social anxiety in childhood to inform the development of more effective interventions for childhood SAD.
Prognostic impact of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations assessed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Moreno David F. , López‐Guerra Mónica , Paz Sara , Oliver‐Caldés Aina , Mena Mari‐Pau , Correa Juan G. , Battram Anthony M. , Osuna Miguel , Rivas‐Delgado Alfredo , Rodríguez‐Lobato Luis Gerardo , Cardús Oriol , Tovar Natalia , Cibeira María Teresa , Jiménez‐Segura Raquel , Bladé Joan , Rosiñol Laura , Colomer Dolors , Fernández de Larrea Carlos
Published: October 2022

Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is characterized by recurrent somatic mutations in MYD88 and CXCR4 genes. However, limitations arise when analysing these mutations in IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smouldering WM (SWM) given the lower tumour load. Here, we used droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to analyse MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 S338* mutations (C1013G and C1013A) in unsorted bone marrow (BM) or cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 101 IgM MGUS and 69 SWM patients. ddPCR was more sensitive to assess MYD88 L265P compared to allele‐specific PCR, especially in IgM MGUS (64% vs 39%). MYD88 mutation burden correlated with other laboratory biomarkers, particularly BM infiltration (r = 0.8; p < 0.001). CXCR4 C1013G was analysed in MYD88‐mutated samples with available genomic DNA and was detected in 19/54 (35%) and 18/42 (43%) IgM MGUS and SWM cases respectively, also showing correlation with BM involvement (r = 0.9; p < 0.001). ddPCR also detected 8 (38%) and 10 (63%) MYD88‐mutated cfDNA samples in IgM MGUS and SWM respectively. Moreover, high BM mutation burden (≥8% MYD88 and ≥2% CXCR4) was associated with an increased risk of progression to symptomatic WM. We show the clinical applicability of ddPCR to assess MYD88 and CXCR4 in IgM MGUS and SWM and provide a molecular‐based risk classification.
Multicenter retrospective study of initial treatment outcome and feasibility of initiating dose reduction of cabozantinib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tomonari Tetsu , Tani Joji , Ogawa Chikara , Deguchi Akihiro , Senoh Tomonori , Moriya Akio , Shibata Hiroshi , Fukuno Hiroshi , Tanaka Hironori , Tanaka Takahiro , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Sogabe Masahiro , Kawano Yutaka , Morishita Akihiro , Takaguchi Koichi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Sato Yasushi , Masaki Tsutomu , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: October 2022

Aim

Cabozantinib (CAB), a multiple kinase inhibitor, has been approved for use in patients with previously treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, real‐world clinical data are lacking, particularly clinical data regarding dose modifications of CAB. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of CAB in uHCC and compared treatment outcomes between the full‐ and reduced‐dose groups.

Methods

This multicenter, observational study included patients with uHCC who were treated with CAB from March 2021 to April 2022. Patient characteristics, efficacy, and safety were compared between the full‐ and reduced‐dose groups.

Results

Twenty‐six patients from eight institutes were analyzed. Cabozantinib was administered as a third‐line or later treatment in 25 (96.2%) patients and postimmunotherapy in 21 (80.5%) patients. There were 15 patients in the full‐dose group (60 mg CAB) and 11 in the reduced‐dose group (40 or 20 mg CAB). The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were not significantly different between the two groups. The ORR was 6.7% for the full‐dose group and 9.1% for the reduced‐dose group, and the DCR was 53.4% and 81.8%, respectively. Progression‐free survival analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups. The incidence of decreased appetite, fatigue, and diarrhea, and the rate of discontinuation and dose reduction, was significantly higher in the full‐dose group.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the efficacy and safety of CAB in real‐world clinical practice are comparable to those of the phase III trial (CELESTIAL), and that dose reduction of CAB may be a safer treatment option.
Nostalgia for Japanese colonialism: Historical memory and postcolonialism in contemporary Taiwan
Authors: Lin James
Published: October 2022

Taiwan is unique among postcolonial societies today for a widespread social nostalgia for Japanese colonial rule. Contrasted with anti‐Japanese sentiment in neighboring East Asian societies like South Korea and China, Taiwan seems to present a puzzling instance of “pro‐colonial” nostalgia. This article discusses this phenomenon through reviewing recent scholarship of Japanese and Guomindang rule of Taiwan and Taiwanese postcolonialism. Nostalgia for Japanese colonialism in Taiwan emerged after the traumatic experiences of later Guomindang authoritarian rule and the politics of democratization and decolonization that followed the end of Guomindang martial law. While some of this social memory is shaped by a generation who lived through Japanese rule, much of the reshaping of Taiwan's historical memory is more complex than merely “pro‐colonialism.” Colonial nostalgia reflects a historical memory shaped by contemporary social experiences of trauma, counterhegemony, and postcolonial agency.