bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I.—Devonian Fossils from the Parish of St. Minver, North Cornwall
Authors: Fox Howard
Published: May 2009

I Contributed a paper to the April number of the Geological Magazine for 1900 on the geology and fossils of the Devonian rocks on the north coast of Cornwall, south of the River Camel. In the present communication I propose to notice a series of fossils which I have lately obtained from the slaty rocks of Devonian age in the parish of St. Minver on the north of the Camel, which, from Trewornan, one mile north of Wadebridge, for the lower five miles of its course as river and estuary, forms the southern and south-western boundary of this parish. The open sea-coast forms its northern and north-western boundary, extending from the easterly limit at the Cove of Port Quin, the site of an old but now forsaken fishing village, about eight miles south-west of King Arthur's Castle, Tintagel, westwards round the basaltic cliffs of Pentire Head, and thence in a southerly direction to the estuary of the Camel.
II.—On a Collection of Trilobites from the Upper Cambrian of Shantung, North China
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

Continuing the notice of Herr H. Monke's paper on the Trilobite-bearing limestone slabs of Yen-tsy-yai, the author observes:—The very dense and solid, slightly arenaceous limestones of Yen-tsy-yai consist of horizontal slabs (from 1–2½ cm. thick) of a dark bluish-grey colour, [p. 109] Whilst showing no traces of fossils in their interior, the limestone slabs are on one side (as shown on pl. ix) often completely covered with the remains of Trilobite carapaces, besides which are found only isolated very minute shells of Brachiopoda. Between them are here and there irregular, lengthened furrows, which may be the tracks of the Trilobites; on the corresponding opposite pails of the slabs are similarly shaped vermiform protuberances. It follows that the fossiliferous side is to be considered as the natural upper part of the slabs. In a certain number of the slabs either both sides or one only are covered besides by a thin argillaceous stratum, which equally contains, though less frequently, delicate remains of fossils; in all the other slabs the fossils present themselves en relief and often rest on a small base of limestone, and therefore convey the impression of having been originally covered by a thin argillaceous stratum, which later on was washed away by water.
VIII.—Burning Cliffs of the Banks of the Mackenzie River, etc
Authors: H. W.
Published: May 2009

As bearing upon the phenomenon of the spontaneous combustion of bituminous beds of coaly or carbonaceous matter of any geological age (charged with pyrites) in sitû, the account given by Sir John Richardson, C.B., F.R.S., in his “Arctic Searching Expedition; a Journal of a Boat-voyage through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea,” 1851, vol. i, may not be without interest in this connection.
V.—The Ore-bearing Pegmatites of Carrock Fell, and the Genetic Significance of Tungsten-ores
Authors: Finlayson A. M.
Published: May 2009

The wolfram veins in the Grainsgill greisen, near Carrock Fell, are an example of ore-bearing pegmatites, a vein-type uncommon in the British Isles, and one, moreover, the study of which is of much interest in its relation to ore-genesis. The veins have long been known, and intermittently exploited for tungsten-ore, but their economic prospects are not bright. Of previous workers, Mr. Alfred Harker has described the greisen which carries the veins, while the various mineral occurrences have been recorded by Mr. J. G. Goodchild and others.
I.—The Sculpturings of the Chalk Downs of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex
Authors: Clinch George
Published: May 2009

The aim of this paper is to offer an explanation of the phenomena intimately related to the sculpturings of the Chalk Downs in the district under review, namely:—

(1)The Dry Chalk Valleys.

(2)The River System of the Wealden area, as far as it relates to the Chalk Downs.

(3)Incidentally, the Denudation of the Wealden area.
V.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M.
Published: May 2009

Zoœcia roughly elliptical, length ·60 to ·68 mm., width ·36 to ·40 mm., length of area ·36 to ·40 mm., width ·24 to ·28 mm.; they have broad side walls, whose upper surfaces slope slightly to the area; at the foot there is generally a fair amount of external front wall, which often carries its own accessory avicularium or the oœcium of the preceding zoœcium; the walls of adjacent zoœcia are always distinguishable and very often not in contant.
VI.—Some Fossil Annelid Burrows
Authors: Bather F. A.
Published: May 2009

In the little note on “Fossil Representatives of the Lithodomous Worm Polydora” which appeared in the Geological Magazine for March, 1909 (pp. 108–10), it is said that, “so far as I can ascertain, this genus has not hitherto been recorded in a fossil state.” It has since come to my knowledge that I was not the first so to record it, and I therefore ask permission to make the necessary emendation.
VII.—On the Horizon of the Lower Carboniferous Beds containing Archæosigillaria Vanuxemi (Göppert) at Meathop Fell
Authors: Garwood E. J.
Published: May 2009

In a note on Archæosigillaria Vanuxemi and Bothrodendron sp., published in the Geological Magazine for February last, Mr. J. W. Jackson speculated on the age of the beds at Meathop, in which these plant remains occur, and refers to the general classification of the Lower Carboniferous rocks of the Westmorland district, which I gave in this magazine in 1907. He remarks: “It is perhaps premature to attempt to fix definitely the exact horizon of these beds, as they appear to have been as yet but superficially studied.” Since the classification above referred to was published, I have devoted such time as could be spared from professional duties to an exhaustive examination of the whole northern area, the result of which has been to confirm the general conclusions already given in this magazine. In my forthcoming account of the district, I have given a detailed description of the Meathop section. The delay in publishing a full account of the northern area has been necessitated by the general structure of the district, which required a careful study of isolated outcrops, extending over a very large area, before an accurate co-ordination of the separate exposures could be established. If any justification for this delay were needed, it is supplied by Mr. Jackson's note, in which he confesses his inability to decide upon the age of the beds displayed in the isolated exposure at Meathop on the evidence afforded by the collections obtained during his visits to that locality.
II.— On a New Species of Fossil Cockroach, Archimylacirs (Etoblattina) Woodwardi, from the South Wales Coal-field
Authors: Bolton Herbert
Published: May 2009

The Orthopteron wing which forms the subject of the present paper was obtained by Mr. David Davies from a dark-blue shale, about 10 feet in thickness, overlying the No. 2 Rhondda coal-seam in Clydach Vale (see Plate XV). The shale decreases to the east, dying out wholly 2 miles beyond the colliery, giving place to sandstone. I am indebted to Mr. Davies for the opportunity of describing the specimen.
V.—On Coral Zones in the Carboniferous, Limestone
Authors: Carruthers R. G.
Published: May 2009

Amongst the corals collected by the Geological Survey during the past season, and submitted to me for determination, two specimens call for special remark, since they appear at first sight to occur out of their true zonal position. They were found by Mr. Dixon on the Pembrokeshire coast, to the south and south-west of Castle Martin. In each case Mr. Dixon gives the horizon as C2–S1, in the terms of Dr. Vaughan's classification. They are, accordingly, of Lower Visean age.
V.—The Inclination of Overfolds in Relation to the Larger Folds in which they are Contained
Authors: Hickling George
Published: May 2009

While spending a few days recently examining the sections on the North Devon coast, with a view to obtaining a clearer conception of the tectonic structure of that region, I was deeply impressed by the great number of minor overfolds and with the great uncertainty in the relations of the various beds thereby brought about. In many cases where the dip appears to be constantly to the south, through a considerable thickness of strata, closer examination shows repeated isoclinal folds. The western face of Little Hangman Hill at Combe Martin exhibits such a condition very well. Throughout the whole coast which I examined, from Combe Martin to the southernmost part of Bideford Bay, the axes of the minor folds are inclined to the north in this way, so as to frequently produce the appearance of steady southern dip and greatly to increase the apparent thickness of the strata. In speculating as to the possible cause of the constant direction in which the axes of these folds are inclined, an explanation occurred to me which I believe to be the correct one, and which may be applied generally to a large number of cases. As I have been unable to find it in the works I have been able to consult, it may be desirable to publish it, since it may aid considerably the elucidation of the true structure and history of complicated districts.
IV.—Stratigraphical Note
Authors: Cantrill T. C.
Published: May 2009

The fossils which Mr. V. M. Turnbull has collected from supposed Slade Beds on the “roadside near St. Martin's Cemetery, Haverfordwest,” were obtained along the north side of a road leading westward from St. Martin'ls Cemetery to Portfield House, on the west aide of the town. About half-way between the Cemetery and Port-field House the road is crossed by a by-road known as Jury Lane; one of the fossiliferous localities lies 110 yards east of Jury Lane crossing, another is 100 to 150 yards west of it. The area in question is contained in the Old Series one-inch Geological Survey map, Sheet 40, the New Series one-inch map, Sheet 228, and in the six-inch map, Pembrokeshire, Sheet 27 N.E.
I.—Notes on a Collection of Fossil Plants from the Newent Coal-Field (Gloucestershire)
Authors: Arber E. A. Newell
Published: May 2009

It has been known for more, than a hundred years past that a small tract of Upper Carboniferous rocks occurs in North-West Gloucestershire, between May Hill and the Malverns. The beds crop out in the neighbourhood of Newent, a village lying some ten miles to the north-west of Gloucester. The field, however, is almost entirely concealed beneath Triassic rocks. The measures are productive, and have been worked at various periods on a small scale, though the greater portion of the basin remains to this day unexplored.
III.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M.
Published: May 2009

Zoœcia large, subpyriform, with broad margins sloping slightly inwards and expanding at the foot into a short front wall; areas elliptical, length ·5 to ·75 mm., breadth ·31 to ·45 mm., tapering towards the head, across which stretches a slight internal shelf, which straightens the apparent outline; from the edge of this shelf hangs a stout oval ring, which connects it with the floor of the zoœcium; zoœcial boundaries distinct.
VI.—On the Stratigraphical Distribution of the Inferior-Oolite Vertebrates of the Cotteswold Hills and the Bath-Doulting District
Authors: Richardson L.
Published: May 2009

Vertebrate-Remains are by no means abundant in the Inferior-Oolite rocks of the Cotteswold Hills and Bath—Doulting Distriet. Mr. H. B. Woodward, F.R.S., has written—

“The Inferior Oolite Series has yielded a rich and varied Invertebrate fauna, but the remains of Saurians and Fishes are very rare.

“The Reptilia that have been found include Megalosaurus and Steneosaurus, and the Fishes are represented by Hybodus, Strophodus, etc.”
III.—Sedgwick Museum Notes. New Fossils from the Dufton Shales
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

Zoarium composed of a group of branches of equal size diverging in a fan-shaped manner in nearly the same plane from a single short somewhat stouter stem; the branches originate and increase by repeated bifurcation, which takes place at uneven intervals proximally, and most frequently near the stem where the branches also are less regularly disposed and somewhat flexuous; but further from the base the bifureation is rare and more regular, and the distal portions of the branches are nearly straight and sub-parallel or only very slightly divergent. Zoœcial openings present only on one side; zoœcia arranged in 3–4 longitudinal rows, the outer row on each side composed of regularly disposed equidistant zoœcia of equal size and placed alternately; peristomes prominent, laterally projecting out-wards as short sharply triangular spines directed forwards and situated about one to one-and-a-half times the diameter of the branches apart; zoœcia in the one or two inner longitudinal rows without prominent peristomes, opening obliquely on the face of the branches, smaller than the lateral rows, and somewhat irregularly arranged. Reverse face of branches non-celluliferous, minutely pitted.
II.—Note on two Cephalopods [Pachydiscus farmeryi, n.sp., and Heteroceras Reussianum (d'Orbigny)] from the Chalk of Lincolnshire
Authors: Crick G. C.
Published: May 2009

The British Museum collection has lately been enriched by two Cephalopods from the Chalk of Lincolnshire that seem to be worthy of notice; one being a new species of Pachydiscus (P. farmeryi), the other being referable to the genus Heteroceras.
V.—A Buried Valley at North Sea Landing, Flamborough
Authors: Sheppard T.
Published: May 2009

During the last few weeks East Yorkshire seems to have been severely dealt with by wind and hail and flood, and in common with the rest of the area the cliffs have suffered. Geologists, however, are able to profit where others lose, and as a result of disasters can obtain useful information in reference to the structure of a district. Perhaps one of the most interesting exposures that has recently been made occurs at the south extremity of North Sea Landing, Flamborough, where a large amount of cliff has recently slid down on the beach.
III.—The Fissure Theory of Volcanoes
Authors: Schwarz E. H. L.
Published: May 2009

Dr. Hans Beck has adduced an example of a volcano which, according to him, has been formed independently of a fissure. The volcano pierces the centre of a faulted block, the Herdubreid, in Iceland, and on the vertical fault-faces there is no sign of any fissure. The example is probably unique in the world, and seems at first sight to negative the hypothesis that the escape of gases which tear through the earth's crust and form the chimneys of volcanoes is in the first place initiated by a fracture; on closer examination, however, the fact that the volcano stands in close relation to the faults which bound the horst, and the many cases which are known to occur where a fracture in the earth's crust may be healed at the surface so that the rocks about the fracture are subsequently more resistant than before, seem to point to the Herdubreid volcano being a normal fissure-formed volcano, only that it stands in the same relation to the fracture as a parasitic cone stands to the central crater. In other words, the chimney is an escape vent leading below the surface to one of the bounding faults of the horst.
IV.—On the Formation of Dreikante in Desert Regions
Authors: Wade A.
Published: May 2009

When one considers the part Britons have played in exploring and investigating the various desert regions of the world, one is surprised at the relatively small amount of literature that there is in the English language dealing with the phenomena which are peculiar to desert conditions. Many hazy, and even erroneous, ideas are still held with regard to the processes at work and the effects produced by the various agents of denudation.
IV.—On the Superficial Deposits at the Foot of the Cheviot Hills between Wooler and Glanton
Authors: Bullerwell R. G. A.
Published: May 2009

Lying at the foot of the Cheviot Hills are deposits of sand and gravel, which, between Wooler on the north and Glanton on the south, cover a considerable area, occupying the greater part of the lower valleys of the Breamish and other tributary streams of the Till. They form mounds and ridges running in different directions, often dividing and reuniting in a very irregular manner. They are indicated, along with deposits at greater altitudes, on the Drift Edition of the Map of the Geological Survey of England (Sheets 109 N. W. and 110 S. W.) as “sands and gravels of Glacial age”. It is for the purpose of describing these accumulations and in some measure elucidating their source and mode of deposition that this paper is written.
II.—A Fragment of a Fossil in a Chalk Flint Pebble from the Sherringham Beach, Norfolk
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

The difficulties, which the palæontologist encounters in attempting the interpretation of fossil organic remains are numerous, especially when compared with the task of the zoologist in the study of recent forms. In a fossil, for instance, the soft parts of the animal are wanting, while the endo- or exoskeleton is often remarkably dissimilar from that of its nearest living allies. Furthermore, the object he has to deal with has undergone mineralization, more or less completely, so that its appearance is greatly altered. But most frequently the object placed before him is only a fragment of the hard part of some animal which he is nevertheless called upon to identify at once.
IV.—The Cretaceous Cirripede Pollicipes LÆvis, J. de. C. Sowerby.
Authors: Withers Thomas H.
Published: May 2009

J. de C. Sowerby (1836, p. 335) founded two new species of, Pollicipes from the Gault of Folkestone. To the one, based on a carina and tergum, he gave the name P. lœvis (p. 335, pl. xi, fig. 5); to the other, based on a rostrum and one of the latera of the lower whorl, the name P. unguis (p. 335, pl. xi, fig. 5*). He also referred a carina and tergum from the Upper Greensand of Blackdown to P. lœvis (p. 340, pl. xvi, fig. 1), but published no description of them.
VI.—Note on the Type-specimens of Ammonites cordatus and Ammonites excavatus, J. Sowerby
Authors: Crick G. C.
Published: May 2009

J. Sowerby's type - specimens of Ammonites cordatus and Ammonites excavatus have been dealt with comparatively recently by Miss M. Healey in the Palœontologia universalis (sér. II, fasc. 1, August, 1905, Nos. 94, 94a, and 92, 92a, 92b respectively), but her statements require a little modification in some details. Both specimens are in the British Museum collection, and were described and figured in the Mineral Conchology.
VII.—Notes on the Morphology and Generic Nomenclature of some Carboniferous Arachnida
Authors: Pocock R. I.
Published: May 2009

In his monograph of Palæozoic Arachnida published in 1904, Dr. Fritsch divides the order Araneæ into two suborders—the Arthrarachnæ, Haase, containing the Arthrolycosidæ, and the Pleuraraneæ, Fritsch, containing the Hemiphrynidæ (Hemiphrynus) and the Promygalidæ (Promygale).
V.—The Residual Earths of British Guiana commonly termed ‘Laterite’
Authors: Harrison J. B. , Reid K. D.
Published: May 2009

The losses of their constituents during the decompositions of the rocks.— As shown in this paper the analyses of the rocks and of their decomposition-products do not indicate the extent of the degradation which has taken place. To ascertain this it is necessary to re-calculate the analytical figures so that their proportions are comparable to those of one of the constituents which is assumed to have remained unchanged. The structures of the Surinam and the British Gruiana bauxitic laterite show clearly that, contrary to what is not unfrequently assumed, alumina cannot be regarded as a static component in rocks and their decomposition-products. It is evidently under condition of lateritization capable of entering into solution, transference from place to place, and redeposition in the form of alumina hydrate where conditions are favourable. The constituent which appears to be the most stable under conditions of weathering is titanium oxide, especially that present as ilmenite. But unfortunately as a rule it is present in such low proportions in rocks and in their residuary products that, when taken as the static constituent, errors in analysis of low value are productive of variations of wide extent in the results calculated on them.
I.—Eminent Living Geologists
Authors: Evans John
Published: May 2009

Few men who have engaged successfully in commerce for nearly half a century have achieved so distinguished a position in the world of science as Sir John Evans. Indeed, it may be said that his keen intellect, which enabled him to excel in business affairs, also gave him enormous advantages in pursuing those branches of natural knowledge to the investigation of which he has devoted his long life and his remarkable abilities, ever combining “science with practice”. His powers of observation have always been singularly acute, and the writer recalls vividly a walk across the open country in Hertfordshire years ago, in his company, with Professor Boyd Dawkins and the late W. Ayshford Sanford and being struck with the rapidity with which John Evans's well-trained eye detected a flint implement on the stony surface of a stubble-field, overlooked by the rest of the party.
2. Preliminary Note on the Rocks of South Georgia
Authors: Tyrrell G. W.
Published: May 2009

Cumberland Bay Series: Upper Division.—This consists largely of hard, coarse, compacted crystal tuffs, dark-grey or black in hand specimens, and resembling coarse grey wackes. In thin section they contain fragments of trachytic lavas, and detached crystals of orthoclase and oligoclase in a paste of minutely crystalline material mixed with much indeterminate matter. Iron-ores and ferromagnesian minerals are rare. In some of the rocks andesitic and latitic fragments are dominant, and occasional fragments of yellowish glass enclosing euhedral orthoclase are seen. Many of the rocks have suffered some degree of scapolitization. The tuffs pass into siliceous grey wackes still with some recognizable volcanic material, and are interbedded with fine banded mudstones which appear to represent volcanic muds. Radiolaria have been recognized in these rocks as well as in the tuffs. The mudstones occasionally become somewhat laminated and pass into black shales. An imperfect cleavage traverses many of these rocks at a high angle to the bedding. These tuffs doubtless represent the interbedded ‘diabas - schalstein’ of Thürach.
IV.—Studies in Edrioasteroidea. IV. The Edrioasters of the Trenton Limestone
Authors: Bather F. A.
Published: May 2009

The Cover-plates of the radial grooves are preserved here and there in specimen, notably over the oral centre (Pl. X, Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8), but in B they are preserved over the whole of the grooves and the mouth, though pressed down on to the floor of the grooves and into the peristome (Pl. XI, Fig. 1). Cover-plates are also present in the British Museum specimens, and are almost complete in E 16054.

Each cover-plate corresponds in position with a floor-plate; so that, like the floor-plates, the cover-plates form a double series of alternating plates meeting in a zigzag median suture. The almost straight or slightly rounded outer margin of each cover-plate fits into a bevelled facet just within the rounded edge of the radial groove where the floor-plate begins its downward slope (Pl. X, Figs. 5, 7). This feature is well shown in specimen B, and there the floor-plate also shows, on each, side of the facet, and distinct from the peripodium, a slight depression, possibly for the insertion of a muscle or ligament, or possibly for the reception of the accessory cover-plate shortly to be described.
V.—Some Notes on a Deep Boring Through the Chalk of Denmark
Authors: Faber H. , Spencer W. K.
Published: May 2009

Early in the year 1913 the Copenhagen Museum of Mineralogy and Geology issued a report upon a most interesting deep boring in the Chalk at Gröndal, just outside Copenhagen. The results are so striking in respect to the thickness of chalk passed through that it appears desirable to bring them before the notice of English geologists. The estimates of the thickness of the English Chalk which are considered to be the most reliable are those given by Rowe from measurements of the various zones in the Isle of Wight and Dorset. These are approximately as follows:—
II.—Sedgwick Museum Notes: New Fossils from Girvan
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

In the list of fossils from the Silurian rocks of the South of Scotland in the collections of the Geological Survey the two species of Ischadites, I. antiquus, Salter, and I. Königi, Murchison, are entered as occurring in the Llandovery rocks, while a third unnamed species is recorded from the Caradoc. In the list of fossils prepared by Mrs. Gray from the collection made by her from the Silurian rocks of the Girvan district, I. Königi is recorded from the Llandeilo beds of Balclatchie, I. antiquus from the Upper Llandovery of Penkill and the Middle Llandovery of Woodland Point, and I. sp. from the Middle Llandovery of Newlands. Nicholson & Etheridge mentioned only two specimens of Ischadites, one from Balclatchie and the other from Penkill; both were referred to under the name I. Königi, but it was remarked that one of them appeared to possess more the characters of I. antiquus. The first discovery of I. Königi in the Girvan area was made by Mr. Robert Gray and was noticed by Professor J. Young in 1868, and in 1876 the same author recorded it from Penkill in his “Catalogue of Western Scottish Fossils,” p. 13. Dr. Hinde gives both the localities, Balclatchie and Penkill, for the occurrence of I. Königi, but he regards the species I. antiquus as indistinguishable from it. The only other British species mentioned by this author (loc. cit.) is I. Lindströmi, Hinde.
I.—Van Hise on the Division of the Pre-Cambrian
Authors: Lane Alfred C.
Published: May 2009

When President Van Hise finished his address before the Geological Society of America last winter, which the Society has just issued, he leaned over benignly and glanced at Dr. Coleman, Professor Lawson, and myself, and said that while it was not customary to discuss the President's address he hoped in this case the custom would be waived, as he knew a number of members disagreed with him, and he felt they would have criticism of value to contribute. Whereupon ensued a most friendly but lively discussion, in which many took part. It has not been the custom of the Society to report such discussions, but I am sure that Van Hise will not object to see some of the points raised by the writer in print, as well as his Address.
IV.—Notes on the Petrography of Egypt
Authors: Hume W. F.
Published: May 2009

1. The ancient core of the North-East African Continent consists of the Cataract and Sudan banded gneisses, which may represent a very ancient igneous magma. They are usually much veined by granitic dykes.

2. In certain places in the Arabian Desert, Cataracts, etc., these underlie highly metamorphosed schists (the mica-schists of Sikait, the calcareous schists of Um Garaiart and Haimar and of the Amara Cataracts, also the dolomites of the latter region) which are sharply separated from the banded gneisses and are possibly the oldest sedimentary representatives in Egypt.

3. The greater part of the mountainous regions of the Eastern Desert and Sinai are occupied by two types of rocks, a schistose constituent overlying or being surrounded by the acid member. (a) The first-named, the Dokhan volcanic rocks and schists, are partly volcanic in origin and partly sedimentary, the former being represented by lavas of various types, while the latter are clearly altered sedimentary strata (grits, conglomerates, etc.). No fossils have yet been found, but they have their nearest lithological analogues in the latest pre-Cambrian and Cambrian series. Here are included some of the most interesting rocks of Egypt, such as the Imperial Porphyry and the Breccia Verde Antico. (b) The igneous member intruded into these ancient sediments, etc., includes a great diversity of igneous rocks, varying from highly basic to acid types.

Contact-phenomena of complex nature occur at the junctions of (a) and (b).

4. Red granite and dyke rocks, whose parallelism and extent of distribution present one of the most conspicuous features of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, mark the final eruptive action before Carboniferous times.

5. Three periods of volcanic activity have been subsequently noted—

(a) In Western Sinai in late Carboniferous times.

(b) An undated series of eruptions interbedded with the base of the Nubian Sandstone or intrusive into it with marked contact alterations.

(c) The basic intrusions near Cairo and the Fayum, etc., which are intimately associated with the Oligocena Continental Period in Egypt.
II.—On Dedolomitization
Authors: Crook T.
Published: May 2009

It is a noteworthy feature of the most ancient crystalline limestones that they are generally dolomitic, or at any rate frequently so. They often consist of practically pure dolomite; whilst associated with this in some cases is pure crystalline magnesite, which is very liable to be mistaken for saccharoidal dolomite.
III.—The Granite Mass of Foxdale, Isle of Man; with some notes on Dendritic Markings in Microgranite Dykes
Authors: Simmons William C.
Published: May 2009

The mining village of Foxdale, situate a little towards the southern end of the north-east to south-west central trend-line of the Isle of Man, lies just north of the barren heath-covered hill called “Stoney Mountain”. On the 6 inch Ordnance Survey Map the northern part of this hill is called Granite Mountain and the southern portion Windy Common. The whole forms a long, regularly sloped hill with its greatest length—about 2 miles—approximately north and south. Though of small altitude its singular barrenness makes it conspicuous in a moderately well-cultivated district. To the west South Barrule and the Barrule Slate Quarries rise considerably above it, though on the other sides the ground slopes gently off to more distant hills.
III.—A New British Phonolite
Authors: Hatch Frederick H.
Published: May 2009

In working out, at the request of Sir Archibald Geikie, the petrography of the Lower Carboniferous Volcanic rocks in Haddingtonshire (the results of which I propose shortly to publish), I have been led to examine the igneous material that builds up the isolated hills (necks), situated on the margin of the volcanic area of the Garlton Hills. Among these, the rock of Traprain Law especially attracted my attention. It is a close-grained, dark brown to grey rock. Some varieties have a glistening or greasy surface, and are speckled over with dark spots, while others show glancing cleavage surfaces of a clear glassy felspar (sanidine).
IV.—The Junction of the Malayan Gondwana Clays with the Mesozoic Granite of the Malay Peninsula
Authors: Scrivenor J. B.
Published: May 2009

One of the drawbacks of working in a distant land is that the valuable help of the friendly critic is rarely available, and that, therefore, however strongly the truth of conclusions arrived at may be felt by oneself, it is impossible to expect readers in England to accept without reserve statements that may with perfect justice be said to require corroboration by other observers. I have felt the force of this consideration particularly in the case of the clays of the Malayan Gondwana rocks, which I have described in more than one publication; and as the conclusions in those descriptions are so far removed from what was to be expected in a country where recent alluvium was until quite lately believed to be the most important formation, it is, I think, advisable to place on record in some detail any corroborative evidence that may be brought to light. An additional reason for this course is the constant change in the mine-sections owing to mining operations, and also to the rapidity with which sections weather.
V.—The Fossils Found on the Site of the Torquay Museum
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J. , Newton R. B.
Published: May 2009

The fossils which form the subject of this notice were obtained from the slates exposed in the excavations for the foundations of the “Pengelly” Lecture Hall, which was added to the Museum of the Torquay Natural History Society in 1894. They were collected by Mr. W. J. Else, the late Curator of the Museum, and were examined by the late Rev. G. F. Whidborne, who published some account of them in the Geological Magazine for 1901, p. 533.

When Mr. Whidborne's paper was published I was not specially interested in the details of the geological structure of Torquay, but since then I have paid much attention to these local details and have collected fossils from all existing exposures. I was consequently surprised to find on reference to the note published by Mr. Whidborne that he had regarded these fossils as a Lower Devonian assemblage, in spite of the fact that the Museum is in close contiguity to a tract of Middle Devonian Limestone, as shown on the map of the Geological Survey published in 1898. Moreover, he quoted a statement made by the late Mr. A. Somervail regarding the stratigraphical position of the slates which is entirely incorrect. It is not true that in ascending the Torwood valley from The Strand one passes over a descending series of rocks. The beds underlying The Strand are shaly slates, which dip northward under limestone, and the same slates run up the valley to and a little beyond the Museum; they are then succeeded by limestone which crosses the valley in a south-east direction, and about 100 yards higher up this is faulted against slates which are believed to be of Lower Devonian age.
I.—A Remarkable Rock Stream in East Iceland
Authors: Hawkes Leonard
Published: May 2009

In his account of the volcanoes of Iceland, Thoroddsen describes two types of acid lavas which have been extruded in post-Glacial, prehistoric times. First are the lavas of the Torfajökull district, of the usual nature of acid flows, building up a compact mass of bluish-grey rock with an outer casing of obsidian and pumice. These lavas have been poured out in the post-Tertiary country, but the second type of stream is found most frequently in the older parts of the island, which otherwise have witnessed no volcanic eruptions since Tertiary times. This type of flow results from eruptions of a peculiar character in which “vast outflows of halfmelted and unmelted masses of liparite, poured out from cauldronshaped depressions, stretch down into the lowlands” (1, p. 503). The best example of these “Liparitische Bloekströme” occurs in the Lodmundarfjord district, E. Iceland, and is especially described by Thoroddsen (2, pp. 159–161). In this paper the contention is put forward that the Lodmundarfjord blockstream is not a lava-flow but an unusual type of glacial moraine.
VII.—The Manufacture of Serpentine in Nature's Laboratory. A Reply
Authors: MacMahon C. A.
Published: May 2009

Prof. Blake, F.G.S., President of the Geologists' Association, has been good enough to send me cuttings from his recently published work “Annals of British Geology” containing his running comments on papers by me published during the period embraced by his volume, and for which I desire to tender him my best thanks.

I think it will be more courteous on my part to offer a few observations by way of reply to Prof. Blake's criticisms than to allow them to pass in silence; but I must confine myself to one paper, by way of sample.
IV.—Note on a tooth of Oxyrhina from the Red Crag of Suffolk
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith
Published: May 2009

All the Selachian teeth hitherto obtained from the English. Crags referable to the genus Oxyrhina are much compressed antero-posteriorly, and are thus slender in proportion to their size. They are now commonly regarded as representing a single extinct species, Oxyrhina hastalis of Agassiz, and the same form of dentition is abundant in the Pliocene of Italy, besides occurringinother Tertiary deposits in various parts of the world.inItaly and Belgium, however, these comparatively slender teeth are accompanied by a few others of the same genus of very robust proportions; and some of these have received the names of O. Benedeni, O. gibbosissima, and O. Forestii, while others have been identified with O. crassa and O. quadrans. So far as the present writer can judge, none of these robust teeth are capable of being satisfactorily distinguished from the species O. crassa of Agassiz, originally described from the Miocene of the Rhine Valley; and it is under the last-mentioned name that they are recorded in the British Museum Catalogue.
V.—Notes on the Skiddaw Slates
Authors: Mark J. E.
Published: May 2009

The Woodwardian Museum has for many years contained a fine series of Skiddaw Slatefossils.in1890 this was increased by the addition of many specimens obtained by themembers of Prof. Hughes' Long Vacation party, and immediately afterwards the University acquired, by donation, the valuable collection of the late Mr. Kiusey Dover. Prof. Nicholson has also presented a large number of Graptolites. When time permits, I hope to be able to describe our unrivalled collection of Skiddaw Slate fossils; mean-while, a few notes on the distribution of these organisms will throw such light on the development of the Skiddaw Slates as is required for the elucidation of the detailed structure of the district, a task which Mr. Harker and I shall attempt to perform ere long.
II.—On the Sand-grains in Micaceous Gneiss from the St. Gothard Tunnel; and on some other Difficulties raised By Prof. Bonney
Authors: Stapff F. M.
Published: May 2009

From the “Annals of British Geology,” 1892, No. 533, p.294, I find that Prof. T. Bonney doubts the occurrence of sandgrains in the Guspis micaceous gneiss, as stated by me in various reports on the geology of the St. Gothard Tunnel, and repeated on p. 17 of my “Remarks on Prof. Bonney's paper on the Crystalline Schists and their relation to the Mesozoic rocks in the Lepontine Alps.” The question being of some general interest, and not only of importance for the comprehension and classification of the crystalline schists in the Lepontine Alps, I think it desirable to repeat here the observed facts, and to present to the notice of the readers of the Geological Magazine some autotype prints of the rockinquestion. I am the only geologist who has seen these bedsinsitu, when they were opened by the St. Gothard Tunnel; and it would be rather difficult for anyone to make out their outcrops along the line of profile through the Guspis Valley and below the actual moraine of the St. Anna glacier, without taking into consideration the faults and thrusts in this tract, which are indicated on my geological map of the St. Gothard Railway and on the profile of the tunnel.
VI.—On Variolite and other Tachylytes at Dunmore Head, Co. Down
Authors: Cole Grenville A. J.
Published: May 2009

While examining the dykes along the coast of Mourne in the company of Mr. R. Welch, I came across an additional example of intrusive variolite, the occurrence of which seems worth recording. The mass is,inthis case, a thin one, about 20 centimetresinwidth, narrowing and dying out as it is traced northwards; it runs in a somewhat sinuous course along the strike of the uptilted strata. Every other dyke that I have seen upon this richly favoured coast cuts across the Ordovician beds, and the present instance to the contrary may be only a lateral sheet-like offshoot from one of the familiar basalts.
VII.—An Ancient Glacial Shore
Authors: Lomas Joseph
Published: May 2009

For some time I have had under observation the sections of drift exposed in the cuttings of the Seacombe branch of the Wirral Railway, and hope to describe them on some future occasion when the sections are nearer completion.

However, Mr. Mellard Keade has forestalled me in the description of one part of the sections, and professes to have foundinthem evidence of “ an ancient glacial shore.” What does he produce in favour of the statement?
III.—The Basic Eruptive Rocks of Gran (Norway) and their Interpretation. A Criticism
Authors: Johnston-Lavis H. J.
Published: May 2009

Being present at the reading of the abstract of my friend Prof. Brögger's paper at the last meeting of the British Association, and having listened to certain laudations thereon, I, with several others, went away with the profound conviction that our Scandinavian colleague was about to bring down upon us a mass of evidence bearing on the differentiation of rocks as irresistible and overwhelming as that of his Viking ancestors in times gone by.
VII.—On The Alleged Conversion of Chlorite into Biotite by Contact Action
Authors: Mcmahon C. A.
Published: May 2009

I have to thank Dr. Callaway for the courtesy and good-humour with which he has received my criticisms on his paper in the December Number of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. Would that all controversial fencing were conducted with equally well-tipped foils.

My Roman soldiers,inparticular, have been received with a kindness that reminds me of the friendly meetings of the British and French officers in the Peninsular War during brief seasons of armistice. Indeed, one might almost go so far as to say that friendly intercourse with these Koman cohorts has imbued Dr. Callaway with a taste for military tactics, and has inspired him to perform a masterly change of front under cover of the active advance of a line of skirmishers.
V.—On the Cretaceous Fossils found at Moreseat, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J. , Milne John
Published: May 2009

Moreseat is in the parish of Cruden, in the east of Aberdeenshire. It lies at an elevation of 300 feet above sea-level, and the surface of the ground slopes to the sea at Cruden Bay, distant five miles to the south. On the north the ground rises gradually, reaching the height of 450 feet above sea in Torhendry Ridge, which is strewn with chalk-flintsingreat abundance.
II.—On the Flame-Reaction of Potassium in Silicates
Authors: Cole Grenville A. J.
Published: May 2009

When recently examining a series of igneous rocks for the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, I required a ready method for the determination of potassium in the felspars, whether they occurred as porphyritic crystals or as microlites in the groundmass. The ordinary flame-reaction has always been recognized as unsatisfactory in the presence of sodium, and the use of blue glass has been long recommended, of a sufficient thickness to cut off a sodium flame, the potassium flame then coming through alone.
III.—On Oudenodon (Aulacocephalus) pithecops from the Dicynodon Beds of East London, Cape Colony
Authors: Seeley H. G.
Published: May 2009

The genus Oudenodon of A. G. Bain, 1856, was adopted by Sir Richard Owen, and defined as comprising Anoinodont reptiles of the type of Dicynodon, but absolutely toothless. Still, they were referred to a family Cryptodontia, under the belief that the teeth were immature and had their development arrested, so that they never descended to the adveolar margin. a transition might easily be made from the caniniform production upward of the alveolar border seen in Oudenodon to the small teeth in Dicynodon dubius and D. recurvidens, which areincontrast to the great lateral ridges formed by the roots of the teeth in most species of the genus.
IV.—A Revindication of the Llanberis Unconformity
Authors: Blake J. F.
Published: May 2009

In a paper published in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for 1893, I gave an account of the evidence that led me to conclude that certain conglomerates and associated rocks occurring for some distance north-east and south-west of Llanberis, which had hitherto been considered to lie below the workable Cambrian Slates of that area, were in reality unconiormable deposits of a later date than those slates. in the year 1894 Professor T. G. Bonney and Miss 0. Raisin published in the same Journal a controversial paper criticizing my statements and conclusions.
V.—Note on a Table of Contemporary Geological Deposits arranged Stratigraphically, with their Characteristic Genera of Mammalia
Authors: Forsyth-Major C. I.
Published: May 2009

The subjoined list of characteristic genera of Mammalia has been compiled, at the request of my friend Dr. Henry Woodward, for the purpose of being used as a descriptive Table to be fixed on the wall of the Mammalian Gallery in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), and has been arranged in the form which was thought to be most suitable for the purpose.
II.—Notes on the Geology of West Swaziland, South Africa
Authors: Jones T. Rupert
Published: May 2009

Mr. Sydney Ryan, of Darkton, Managing Director of the Ryan Tin Mines, situated on the Embabaan River in West Swaziland, has collected and sent to England a large collection of rock-specimens from the Ingwenya Berg, the dominating feature of the district. He has also provided plans and sections of the district, which are here partly reproduced. The specimens have been presented to the Mineralogical Department of the British Museum, together with a complete catalogue, having reference to the Sections referred to above, and indications of the lithological characters of the 140 specimens. Mr. G. Th. Prior, F.G.S., has kindly aided the writer in the critical examination of the rocks, and is communicating a description of those of economic value to the forthcoming number of the Mineralogical Magazine.
II.—On Lindstromaster and the Classification of the Palæasterids
Authors: Gregory J. W.
Published: May 2009

The classification of the Palæozoic starfishes has long been in chaos. The earlier palæontologists, who founded most of the known genera, made no attempt at a general classification or to indicate the relations between the Palæozoic and existing representatives of the Asteroidea. The first step towards progress was Bronn's division of the extinct genera into three groups—the Ophiurasteriæ (which may be left out of account as Ophiuroidea), the Encrinasteriæ, and the Asterias veræ.
Sir William Henry Flower
Authors: H. W.
Published: May 2009

Few men have had the satisfaction to see so large a share of their hopes and ambitions in life realized as Sir William Flower.
V.—On some Pliocene and Post-Pliocene Shells from Egypt
Authors: Newton R. Bullen
Published: May 2009

The following notes have been drawn up from a small series of shells belonging to the late Tertiary and Post-Tertiary formations of Egypt, which form part of a collection of fossils sent home for determination by Captain Lyons, R.E., Director-General of the Geological Survey of Egypt.
I.—Eminent Living Geologists
Authors: Howell Henry H.
Published: May 2009

After a term of work extending over nearly half a century, Mr. Howell, the Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, has retired from the public service. It is not often that a man who has only just reached the age-limit of 65 is able to look back on such a lengthened period of official work. No member of the Geological Survey has before attained such a record. Even Mr. Selwyn, whose portrait we gave in our February Number, had reached the age of 70 when he had nearly completed his fiftieth year of work on the Geological Surveys of Great Britain, Victoria, and Canada.
II.—Notes on Subaërial Erosion in the Isle of skye
Authors: Harker Alfred
Published: May 2009

Considering the prime importance attaching to the subject in almost every branch of geological inquiry, it is not a little remarkable that so little has hitherto been done towards obtaining precise measures of the actual waste of land-surfaces and comparing the rates at which the agents of destruction operate at the present time in different districts. Arrangements have indeed been made during recent years to observe systematically the results of marine erosion on our coast-lines, but concerning the far more important subject of subaërial erosion we have exceedingly few accurate data.