bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
U.S. Wetlands
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Although the overall rate that the nation's wetlands are being converted to other uses is not alarming, the continued incremental conversion of wetlands, especially in certain inland regions of the country, may have significant adverse ecological effects over the next few decades. A comprehensive report on wetlands, requested by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, was released recently by Senator John H. Chafee (R‐R.I.), chairman of the Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution. The report outlines options for new federal measures that could lead to more effective management of wetlands in the United States.

Federal efforts to manage wetlands could be more effective if they were focused on higher value wetlands, although, because the value of individual wetlands in different regions of the country have not been evaluated at this time, priorities for protection have not been established.
Aging of geophysicists
Authors: Gillmor C. Stewart
Published: October 2011

It has been noted that for many years science has been growing at a much faster rate than most other things in society. In fact, whether we count number of people employed or papers published, until recently science has been doubling in size about every 15 years, as disclosed in the classic work by Price [1963]. Thus, science increased much faster than the growth of the general population, or of the gross national product. But as with any biological or social system, such growth rates cannot continue indefinitely. What would it mean for science if the system entered “steady state staffing” of personnel; what would it mean for geophysics? Are we entering a “steady state” of geophysics?
New interagency drilling group
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Three government agencies last month signed a continental drilling agreement that defines the interests and responsibilities of each agency regarding continental scientific drilling and that establishes a coordinating group to discuss current and potential projects.

Representatives from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from the Department of the Interior, and the Department of Energy (DOE) signed the accord on April 2. The Interagency Coordinating Group for Continental Scientific Drilling, established by the accord, aims to “avoid undesirable duplication or gaps in federal scientific efforts toward achieving better basic understanding of the processes that operating through time, have led to the evolution of the chemical and physical structure and properties of the earth's continental crust.”
[Comment on “Opportunities for research in the geological sciences”] NRC report omissions
Authors: Watts A. B.
Published: October 2011

It was with some disappointment that I read Bill Dickinson's reply to Ken Macdonald ‘Eos, February 21, 1984’ concerning the National Research Council (NRC) report entitled "Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences.”

I agree with Macdonald that a number of exciting areas of research in the geological sciences were omitted from the report. The most obvious omission was a discussion of recent developments in marine geology and geophysics. I think it is fair to conclude that most of our understanding of the tectonics of the earth during the past 20 years has come from marine geology and geophysics. The new generation of research vessels with high‐resolution sensors, manned submersibles, deep tow systems, and ocean drilling vessels promise to keep marine geoscientists at the forefront of earth science research in the future.
The lunar core and the origin of the Moon
Authors: Newsom Horton E.
Published: October 2011

Recent data on the concentrations of the refractory siderophile (metal‐loving) elements molybdenum and rhenium confirm that most siderophile elements in lunar crustal rocks and mare basalts have significantly lower concentrations than in the earth's mantle and much lower concentrations compared to chondrite meteorites. The observed depletion of siderophile elements in lunar samples suggests the existence of a metal core. The amount of metal in the core depends on the conditions under which metal segregation occurred. If the moon accreted directly from the solar nebula, with chrondritic abundances of siderophile elements, then 2% to 5.5% metal must have segregated within the moon to form a core. Geophysical techniques constrain the radius of the lunar core to 500 km (5.5 wt%) or less. If the moon formed after the earth, from material out of the earth's mantle, segregation of 0.1% to 1% metal within the moon is required. Less metal is needed for a terrestrial origin because the earth's mantle was already partially depleted in siderophile elements due to formation of the earth's core. The siderophile elements therefore provide strong geochemical evidence for a lunar metal core, but do not rule out either formation of the moon from the earth's mantle or an independent origin by accretion from the solar nebula.
The risks of drinking water
Authors: Reichhardt Tony
Published: October 2011

Three researchers from the Energy and Environmental Policy Center at Harvard University have come up with a new method of calculating the risk from contaminants in drinking water, one that they believe takes into account some of the uncertainties in pronouncing water safe or dangerous to drink. The new method concentrates on the risk of cancer, which authors Edmund Crouch, Richard Wilson, and Lauren Zeise believe has not been properly considered in establishing drinking water standards.

Writing in the December 1983 issue of Water Resources Research, the authors state that “current [drinking water] standards for a given chemical or class of chemicals do not account for the presence of other pollutants” that could combine to create dangerous substances. According to Wilson, “Over a hundred industrial pollutants and chlorination byproducts have been found in various samples of drinking water, some of which are known carcinogens, others suspected carcinogens.” The same chlorine that solves one major health problem—the threat of bacterial disease—can thus contribute to another, according to the authors, by increasing the long‐term risk of cancer. The largest risks are due to halomethanes such as chloroform and bromoform, produced as chlorine reacts with organic matter in drinking water.
Antarctic fossils
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A recent expedition to a barren island off Antarctica has yielded a wealth of fossils. Some of the 11 marine invertebrate species found were previously known to exist only at mid‐latitudes, while others had not been known to exist anywhere. The discoveries on Seymour Island suggest that the Antarctic region acted as a “holding tank” for a wide variety of animals that originated and evolved for millions of years in the region and then dispersed northward, according to researchers on the expedition.

“Scientists have previously believed that most evolution took place in the tropics or in low or mid‐latitudes,” said expedition leader William J. Zinsmeister, formerly of Ohio State University and now of Purdue University. “The polar regions have been looked upon as unimportant. Now, however, because of recent discoveries in the polar regions, our ideas about evolution will have to be modified. It's apparent that evolution has, indeed, been taking place in the polar regions and that these regions may have been a source for many groups of animals and plants,” he said.
Farewell remarks by Chris Mooers
Authors: Mooers Chris
Published: October 2011

For 6 years it has been my privilege and pleasure to serve the Ocean Sciences Section as an elected officer. First as Secretary, then as President‐Elect, and finally, as President. The tacit theme I have pursued through these years has been to help the Ocean Sciences Community awaken to opportunities within AGU, to “flex its muscles” as a large, strong, rapidly growing segment of AGU, and to become involved in using AGU's programmatic resources for the benefit of the intellectual and professional development of the ocean sciences. (Our section is the second largest of 10 sections and may become the largest within several years, if the present relative rate of growth is sustained.) Like any large organization, AGU has inertia; however, we have learned that it is flexible and yields to and, in fact, supports the initiatives of activist. And we have only scratched the surface.
New directions in internal wave and microstructure research
Authors: D'Asaro Eric , Müller Peter
Published: October 2011

Collaboration of oceanographers across traditional boundaries always results in exciting new insights into the complex processes which govern oceanic motions. Such collaboration was evident at the second annual ‘Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, January 18–20, 1984. This year's topic was Internal Gravity Waves and Small‐Scale Turbulence. Participants from Europe, Canada, and the United States reviewed recent developments and proposed intriguing studies in the kinematics and dynamics of internal waves, fine structure, and microstructure. Here we summarize the highlights of the meeting and identify some of the emerging trends, all subject to the participants’ biases.
U.K. radio science reviews available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Coincident with its triennial general assemblies, the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) publishes an international review of the most significant scientific developments over the previous 3 years in the nine subject areas covered by URSI's commissions. To produce this review, international editors distill reviews from each member country of national scientific developments. For those scientists who wish to know more details about the significant scientific developments in radio science in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1984, the British National Committee for Radio Science has made its reviews available.

Unless otherwise noted, the following surveys are available from the Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, Attention: C.R. Argent.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded.
Natural gas: The next shortage
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The eighth Annual Meeting of the Gas Research Institute that was held in Chicago in April 1984 focused on the potential of a crisis in the supply of natural gas. According to a report of discussions held at that meeting, “Natural gas, the country's largest petrochemical feedstock, may be in short supply in a couple of years if some present forecasts prove true. The next supply/demand crisis for natural gas is likely to come in early 1986” [Chemical and Engineering News, April 30, 1984]. There are a number of variables, geologic and socio‐economic, that may affect this prediction. An important factor is that drilling exploration of natural gas has decreased sharply, due to the onset of sharp rates of surplus since 1981. Drilling is highly sensitive to depth and flow rate.
Seismologists to map the mantle
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

A. Dziewonski and J. Woodhouse of Harvard University have developed new seismic models of the earth's mantle, according to a recent report. The calculations are the results of attempts to obtain three‐dimensional seismic structures of the mantle. The formulations are mathematical fits to seismic data, essentially with no major initial assumptions as to mantle structure. That the model has features that correlate with known crustal and mantle properties has been reassuring. The report quotes Woodhouse, “This makes other patterns discovered in this study highly believable” (Research and Development, May 1984). A first finding of the model is related to the homogeneity question of the upper and lower mantle regions. Dziewonski said, “…at this point our maps show little continuity between the upper and lower mantles.” Other findings of the new models involve the roots of continental structures, which in South America and Africa extend into the transition zone to depths of about 600 km.
Fundamental Concepts in the Numerical Solution of Differential Equations
Authors: Liggett J. A.
Published: October 2011

This book is relatively short, about 200 pages, organized into seven chapters. The first chapter sets the scope and objectives and contains a note on notation. The next chapter contains the fundamental concepts that are the key to the presentation and the authors' philosophy on numerical methods. Chapters 4–6 treat elliptic (Poisson's equation), parabolic (the diffusion equation), and hyperbolic partial differential equations, respectively. The last chapter shows the solutions of certain cases with singularities and nonlinear behavior. The boundary element method is briefly discussed in chapter 4; the method of characteristics is discussed in chapter 6.
Chemical Hydrogeology
Authors: Fetter C. W.
Published: October 2011

We hydrogeologists have waited for many years and some 70 volumes of the series of Benchmark Papers in Geology (Hutchinson Ross) for a definitive review of the theoretical development of hydrogeology. Our patience has been rewarded with two volumes, Physical Hydrogeology (edited by R.A. Freeze and W. Back) and Chemical Hydrogeology). From a historical perspective, this appears to be a logical division of the subject. The two branches of hydrogeology evolved along separate pathways for many years. In the 1960s the influence of the groundwater flow regime on the geochemical nature of groundwater was first described in a qualitative way. In a 1970 Meinzer Award‐winning paper, the synergisms of groundwater flow, chemical thermodynamics, and mineral equilibria were eloquently described by Back and Hanshaw. The 1970s saw mass transport equations developed whereby physical flow of groundwater and transport of conservative solutes were quantitatively linked. Current research driven by the need to understand contaminant transport and attenuation mechanisms in groundwater is so linking physical and chemical hydrogeology that future review volumes may not be so conveniently divisible as these.
Correction [to “New publications”]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In a previous New Publications list (Eos, January 17, 1984, p.20), the price of Solar‐Terrestrial Physics was incorrectly listed; it is $115.
Wayne V. Burt: AGU Ocean Sciences Award
Authors: Mooers Christopher N. K. , Reid Joseph L. , Brewer Peter G.
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Section of AGU recognizes Wayne V. Burt's 36 years of participation, leadership, and service in the oceanographic community. He earned his B.S. degree in Mathematics at Pacific College in 1939, and after serving in the former Naval Weather Service (including study at the Naval Postgraduate School while it was still in Annapolis), he obtained his MS and Ph.D. degrees from the UCLA‐Scripps Institution of Oceanography program in 1948 and 1952, respectively.

After serving on the faculty at the Chesapeake Bay Institute of The Johns Hopkins University, and on the research staff of the Department of Oceanography at the Univeristy of Washington, Wayne returned in 1954 to Oregon, where he had been raised, determined that the state needed a program in oceanography, regardless of whether or not it recognized this fact. The University of Oregon displayed little interest in his vision, but President Strand of Oregon State University (OSU) provided him with a niche; that is, a closet, where he could pursue his Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored research. This base allowed him to develop a proposal that led to funding under ONR's TENOC program (which supported the development of most of the “second generation” oceanographic institutions in the United States), and to formation of a Department of Oceanography in 1959.
Glaciers and why they surge
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Researchers studying southern Alaska's Variegated Glacier believe they have found an explanation for why the 24‐km‐long ice mass, like other "surging" glaciers, periodically speeds up in its movement down valley. The surges, they propose, have to do with increases in water pressure beneath the glacier— the result of inhibited drainage at the base of the ice—that cause it to become more slippery and to flow faster.

The Variegated Glacier, located northwest of Juneau near the village of Yakutat, is small among surging glaciers, but it has been one of the most extensively studied in this century. Every 18–20 years, it begins to accelerate its flow rate. The last time such a surge began was in January 1982. The glacier reached a peak velocity of 9 m per day by summertime, then returned to near normal flow rates of 1–2 m per day by early fall. It started up again in November 1982, however, and by the next spring was speeding along at 54 m per day. Then, in early July 1983, the surge stopped abruptly when large amounts of water drained out of the glacier.
June streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Flows of the nation's key index gauging streams were at average to well‐above average levels for June across much of the country, according to a regular check on the condition of the nation's water resources by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

USGS hydrologists said that of the 170 key index gauging stations nationwide, flows at 66 sites (39%) were well above average for June, 85 sites (50%) were in the normal range, and only 19 sites (11%) were well below average.
Milky way gas
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An enormous arc of hot gas protruding from the center of our galaxy has been discovered by astronomers near the center of the Milky Way. The existence of the arc could mean that stars are not being formed there at the high rate previously assumed. This assumption had been made because of the intense radio emissions rising there.

Discovered using the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, the structure resembles a solar prominence, which is a great streamer or column of glowing gas that often rises to great heights at enormous velocities about the sun's surface. The arc is 150 light years long and 30,000 light years from the earth.
July streamflows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Flows of most of the nation's key index streams were average to well above average in the first full month of summer, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior.

A USGS network of 173 index gauging stations provided the regular month‐end check of the status of streamflow conditions across the country. During July, flows at 83 sites (48%) were well above average, that is, in the upper 25% of long‐term record. Seventy‐one stations (41%) were in the normal range. Only 19 stations (about 11%) were in the lowest 25% of record.
Awards
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

At its meeting in May 1984, the Council approved two new awards, the Harry Hess Medal for outstanding achievements in research on the form and dynamics of the earth and planets. In addition, they approved the Fleming Medal as an annual award.
Correction [to “1984 Membership directory”]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The geographic distribution of AGU members that appeard in the 1984 Membership Directory (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 527) incorrectly listed the membership totals for several countries and inadvertently omitted Austria, Ecuador and Israel from the list.
AGU'S Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this guide is to assist AGU members in communicating with legislators and government agency officials and to delineate some of the constraints under which AGU must operate when undertaking activities in this area.
Probable maximum flood
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A Federal Interagency Work Group on Probable Maximum Flood Assessment is currently studying the problem of hydrologic design based on the probable maximum flood (PMF). Of particular interest are the calculation of PMF probabilities, the accuracy of such estimates, and the development of a standardized methodology for probabilistic assessment of severe floods. In an effort to establish the state‐of‐the‐art, the work group is interested in obtaining copies of papers or reports that are related to the subject.
1984 Horton Research Grant Award
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The recipient of the 1984 Horton Research Grant Award is Javier F. Samper. Samper is a graduate student in the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources at the University of Arizona‐Tucson. The title of his research project is “A Methodology for the Combined Analysis of Hydrological, Hydrochemical, and Isotopic Data From Aquifers.” His research advisor is Shlomo Neuman.

The objectives of his research are (1) to develop theoretical and computational tools for the spatial and statistical characterization of hydrochemical and isotopic data from aquifers and (2) to develop statistically based mathematical models incorporating hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic data to yield improved estimates of hydraulic and transport parameters as well as groundwater ages. Samper hopes to develop a workable mathematical framework which will allow a coordinated study of many types of hydrogeologic data, including hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic data. Such a systematically and mathematically based method of combined analysis for hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic environmental data is needed to develop a better conceptual understanding of the hydrogeology of any given area and to construct more reliable mathematical models for managing groundwater supply and quality.
Rock‐Forming Minerals
Authors: Huebner J. Stephen
Published: October 2011

Volume 1A is the second of a series of revisions that the authors are preparing from their original five‐volume work on rock‐forming minerals, which is a standard reference for petrologists and mineralogists. Revision of the original series is necessary because of the explosion of the mineralogical literature, particularly in the specialities of microprobe chemical analysis, electron microscopy, intercrystalline and intracrystalline element distributions, mineral physics and thermodynamics, and phase equilibria. Many of these fields or techniques were only in their infacy when the first edition was prepared 20 years ago. The increase in the published literature has been so great that volume 1A requires 5 times as many pages to deal with one half of the mineral species covered in volume 1 of the first edition. For example, mullite, which was only mentioned briefly in the sillimanite section of the original edition, is now allotted its own 17‐page section. Clearly, this second edition supplants the first with regard to scope and quantity of material covered.
Understanding thermal energy and dynamic processes in subduction‐related volcanic arcs: Proposed studies in the Cascades
Authors: Priest George R. , Blackwell David D.
Published: October 2011

The importance of subduction‐related volcanic arcs in the geologic record and in the record of historic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is hard to overstate. Subduction‐related terranes appear to be represented in the geologic record from the Archeozoic to modern times and account for much of the world's volcanic activity. Convergent plate margins stretching for thousands of miles around the Pacific, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean have some of the most active volcanoes and largest geothermal systems in the world. Many of the world's largest hydrothermal ore deposits are associated with calc‐alkaline magmas injected into the crust as a result of the subduction process. The enormous deposits in the Andes, Indonesia, Japan, western North America, and other areas around the Pacific are examples.
Biowatt: A study of bioluminescence and optical variability in the sea
Authors: Marra John , Hartwig Eric O.
Published: October 2011

On entering water, light is both scattered and absorbed. The sum of these is attenuation. In the open ocean, the agent of most scattering and absorption is plankton, or plankton‐derived products. The controls, therefore, governing the variability in light absorption and scattering are no less than the controls governing the distribution, abundance, and growth of plankton populations. Apart from being attenuated, light is also generated ubiquitously in the upper layers of the sea through mechanisms of bioluminescence. The overall and long‐term goal of Biowatt is to establish causal links operating between the variability in light attenuation and light production in the ocean. The issues addressed range from behavioral relationships among macrozooplankton and micronekton, to the dynamics of absorbing and scattering populations, to the physical dynamics of the upper layers. A conceptual model is shown in Figure 1.
Melting diamonds
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

For the first time, scientists have documented the direct melting of diamond, the hardest known substance. The evidence may help confirm theories that carbon is in a liquid state at the high pressures and temperatures of the earth's mantle. Evidence of melting had been discovered previously only when graphite was used as the starting material.

Four geologists at Cornell University were conducting mineralogy experiments in which temperature and pressure conditions of the earth's interior are simulated using a yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (YAG) laser as a heat source and a diamond anvil cell, capable of generating pressures greater than 450,000 times atmospheric pressure at sea level, containing a mixture of potassium bromide and graphite. During the course of the research last February, the laser was inadvertently run at a higher power density than planned and caused damage to the face of the diamond anvil.
Referees and controversy
Authors: Dressler A. J.
Published: October 2011

P. J. Baum has broadened the discussion of the peer review process, particularly as it pertains to the space physics section of the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR‐A). The primary point raised by Baum is that the referees tend to be cautious with regard to the introduction of new ideas or ideas with which they do not agree. When asked to decide whether or not a paper should be published (rather than the decision being made alone and unambiguously by the journal Editor), referees tend to recommend against publication of papers they do not feel are both sound and safe.
Land and seabed deformation
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

The development of techniques to monitor undersea and ground surface deformation and sea level changes will be highlighted at a session of invited geodesy papers at the AGU Fall Meeting, to be held in San Francisco, Calif., December 3–7 , 1984.

The oceans conceal the earth's largest sudden deformation events. Subduction earthquakes at great plate boundaries produce 10–20‐m motions of the crust near offshore trenches. Inflation of undersea volcanoes and the spreading of midocean rifts also produce large changes that may go unnoticed. The great tsunami‐generating earthquakes may be associated with unusually large vertical movements of the seabed; these earthquakes also may cause vast undersea landslides. Technologies to predict these large movements have potential for improving earthquake prediction, tsunami warning, and prediction of volcanic eruptions. Fred Speiss, chief editor of a recent National Academy of Sciences book on undersea deformation, will chair this session.
Atlantic hot vent discoveries
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

By using the chemical concentration of water as a key to location, scientists from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and several U.S. universities have identified three new Atlantic Ocean sites of mineral‐rich hot vents. This discovery brings the total number of known Atlantic Ocean vent sites to four.

These Atlantic Ocean discoveries lead scientists to speculate that venting sites may be as prevalent in the Atlantic as they are in the Pacific. According to Peter Rona of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory in Miami, Fla., hot seabed vents were thought to occur primarily at fast spreading undersea ridges, such as those that exist in the Pacific Ocean, but not at the relatively slow spreading ridges, such as those found in the Atlantic.
Geomagnetism of Baked Clays and Recent Sediments
Authors: Mankinen Edward A.
Published: October 2011

This book is an outgrowth of the symposium entitled “Time Scales of Geomagnetic Secular Variations,” which was held at the 4th Assembly of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (Edinburgh, U.K., August 1981). The volume includes many of the papers presented, which described paleomagnetic results from both archeologic materials and Holocene geologic deposits, as well as contributions solicited from other researchers in the fields of archeomagnetism and paleomagnetism. In a remarkably short time after the conclusion of the symposium the editors were able to elicit, edit, and assemble a large body of material from 40 individuals into a thoughtful, wellorganized product.
The U.S.‐PRC planned TOGA‐related Cooperative Research Program for the Western Pacific Region
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), acting as the lead agency in the United States for the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program of the World Climate Research Program, has negotiated an agreement with its counterpart, the National Bureau of Oceanography (NBO) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) for jointly carrying out a TOGA‐related air‐sea interaction study of the western Pacific region near 165°E. This study was originated under the U.S.‐PRC Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of Marine and Fishery Science and Technology as a contribution to the TOGA Pacific program. In addition to NOAA and NBO the Academia Sinica, the State Meteorological Administration of China, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) of the United States are all active participating agencies. Participation of scientists from other agencies and from the scientific communities of both countries is welcome and encouraged in any part of the cooperative air‐sea study program.
Georges Bank conflict resolved
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

The International Court of Justice has resolved the long‐term conflict between the United States and Canada over claims to mineral and living resources lying along the countries' common Atlantic maritime border. On October 12, in a 4–1 decision, the World Court rejected the United States' claim to the entire Georges Bank area, a region of the Continental Shelf off Massachusetts and Nova Scotia that is a prime fishing ground and is believed to have good potential for oil and gas deposits as well. The disputed area is roughly the top third of the Georges Bank area. The court awarded each country approximately half of this disputed area. No appeals are allowed under this decision.
Transpacific section planned
Authors: Swift James
Published: October 2011

A transpacific section across the subpolar gyre near latitude 47°N is planned for September–October 1985. This complements the 24.5°N section planned for March–May 1985. The purpose of the expedition is to determine the western boundary current structure, to determine the meridional flow in the region of the Emperor Seamounts, to measure the transport of heat by ocean currents, to determine the net transport of water masses and estimate the meridional general circulation of the north Pacific, and to improve the mapping of tracer distributions in the deep north Pacific.

Approximately 110 surface‐to‐bottom conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) rosette stations across the width of the ocean will be occupied, with maximum station spacing of 80 km over abyssal plains, closing to 30–50 km over rough topography and boundaries. Water samples will be collected and analyzed on board for salinity, oxygen, and nutrients.
BASS '84
Authors: Jones Ian S. F.
Published: October 2011

The Bass Strait, the semienclosed continental shelf that separates Tasmania from mainland Australia, is an area of oceanographic interest because it is a boundary between the South Indian Ocean and the Tasman Sea. Its location in the “roaring forties” also provides an unusual opportunity to study large storm events, which occur in the strait with sufficient frequency to make the problem of being present during a storm a relatively simple matter.

A number of research scientists interested in the dynamics of water movements, the resulting sediment transport, and the atmospheric forcing of the Bass Strait met at Flinders Universtiy, South Australia, in February 1983 to discuss plans to learn more about the strait. An integrated view of these research plans was presented to attendees of the Australian Physical Oceanography Conference under the project name BASS '84.
Groundwater Contamination From Hazardous Wastes
Authors: Anderson Mary P.
Published: October 2011

Preparation of a good introductory textbook on groundwater contamination is a challenge, since it requires treating a complex topic in a scientifically rigorous way while maintaining an introductory level. Of necessity, tradeoffs must be made to achieve this objective and brevity as well. Another difficulty arises because research into the fate of chemicals in the subsurface is a relatively new and evolving area. The authors of this book note that, “In the investigation and analysis of a groundwater pollution problem involving hazardous wastes, there is no established method or procedure.” Despite this handicap, the authors do succeed in demonstrating that although any given case of contamination is unique, it is possible to identify common attributes and outline a general framework for monitoring and remedial action.
Contaminant hydrogeology in the German‐speaking part of Europe
Authors: Hoehn Edward
Published: October 2011

In the (mainly) German‐speaking countries of Europe (the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, and Switzerland), 70–85% of the drinking water supplies are drawn from groundwater. Aquifers along many rivers, consisting of glaciofluvial or fluvial granular deposits, are important resources which are recharged by both influent rivers and seepage of winter precipitation. Groundwater is threatened by the continuing and increasing presence of toxic and mobile contaminants from wastedisposal sites, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, and sewage effluents.
Land Subsidence International Symposium held in Venice
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Third International Symposium on Land Subsidence was held March 18–25, 1984, in Venice, Italy. Sponsors were the Ground‐Water Commission of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Italian National Research Council (CNR), the Italian Regions of Veneto and Emilia‐Romagna, the Italian Municipalities of Venice, Ravenna, and Modena, the Venice Province, and the European Research Office. Cosponsors included the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSMFE), and the Association of Geoscientists for International Development (AGID).

Organized within the framework of UNESCO's International Hydrological Program, the symposium brought together over 200 international interdisciplinary specialists in the problems of land subsidence due to fluid and mineral withdrawal. Because man's continuing heavy development of groundwater, gas, oil, and minerals is changing the natural regime and thus causing more and more subsiding areas in the world, there had been sufficient new land subsidence occurrence, problems, research, and remedial measures since the 1976 Second International Symposium held in Anaheim, California, to develop a most interesting program of nearly 100 papers from about 30 countries. The program consisted of papers covering case histories of fluid and mineral withdrawal, engineering theory and analysis, karst “sink‐hole”‐type subsidence, subsidence due to dewatering of organic deposits or due to application of water (hydrocompaction), instrumentation, legal, socioeconomic, and environmental effects of land subsidence, and remedial works.
NSB nominations
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

President Reagan has nominated three members to the National Science Board (NSB), the governing body of the National Science Foundation (NSF). None have been confirmed by Congress. They are Simon Ramo, director of TRW, Inc.; Annelise G. Anderson, a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University; and K. June Lindstedt‐Siva, manager for environmental sciences at Atlantic Richfield Company and a director of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco.
Marginal ice zone
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Preliminary reports from the 1984 Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX 84), said to be the “largest coordinated Arctic experiment conducted in the marginal ice zone,” are now available. Over 200 scientists and technicians, utilizing seven ships, eight remote sensing/meteorological aircraft, and four helicopters, converged on the Arctic last May to study the mesoscale processes responsible for the advance and retreat of the Arctic ice margin.

Much of the data collected will be used to answer basic questions such as what factors influence the position, movement, and melting of the ice edge. Modelers will use the data to improve predictions of the motion and behavior of the Arctic marginal ice. Each year the polar ice field can migrate to the north or south as much as 600 km. New surface and boundary conditions can affect weather patterns of the entire northern hemisphere.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman.
EGS Council meets
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following is a brief summary of some items of interest which were covered at the European Geophysical Society (EGS) Council Meeting at Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium, in August. The following working panels have been set up. Anyone interested in participating in the activities of either of these panels should contact the appropriate chairman as soon as possible.
Planet discovered outside solar system
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

Astronomers have reported the discovery of a planet orbiting a star outside our solar system, which, if verified, would be the first time that a direct observation has been made. Using a relatively new technique called speckle interferometry, astronomers from the University of Arizona and the National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO) have identified what they believe to be a planet similar to Jupiter, but with a much larger mass, orbiting the star Van Biesbroeck 8 (VB 8), which is located some 21 light‐years from earth in the Milky Way constellation Ophiuchus. Confirmation of this discovery, says the National Science Foundation, “would climax a centuries‐old quest to find such a body.”

Another group of astronomers from the U.S. Naval Observatory, however, says the object orbiting VB 8 cannot be classified as a planet but fits the definition of a Brown Dwarf. According to the Naval Observatory, “Brown Dwarfs are loosely defined as objects too low in mass to be undergoing thermonuclear fusion, and hence cannot be called stars, and yet massive enough to be generating energy on their own.”
Professorship of Geophysics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Columbia University has established a new professorship of geophysics in its School of Engineering and Applied Science. The Maurice Ewing and J. Lamar Worzel Professorship of Geophysics has been established with an endowment of $1 million. Palisades Geophysical Institute, Inc., a nonprofit research group based in West Nyack, N.Y., provided a gift of $500,000.

The late Maurice Ewing, who died in 1974, was the founder of Columbia's Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory. J. Lamar Worzel, a long‐time colleague of Ewing, is now president of the Palisades Geophysical Institute.
Science Coalition
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Coalition of Science and Technology (NCST) has elected S. Thomas Moser, of the international accounting firm Peat Marwick, to their board of advisors. Moser is the national director of Marwick's high‐technology practice.

NCST, based in Washington, D.C., is a broad‐based science and technology advocacy organization that seeks to bridge the political interests of the scientific and academic research community with the business community.
Computer bulletin board
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

To facilitate communication among micro‐computer users in the ocean science community, a special ocean computer bulletin board has been established in the OMNET, Inc., SCIENCEnet scientific electronic mail system. The bulletin board, called OCEAN.MICRO, operates on the GTE Telenet Telemail system and is available without charge to computer users who subscribe to SCIENCEnet through OMNET, Inc. The bulletin board allows scientists to exchange scientific information via computer.
Oceanographic profilers of the future
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A meeting was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., on August 8–9 to discuss, in the context of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the prospects for a new generation of instruments capable of vertically profiling temperature, salinity, pressure, and other parameters. The meeting was attended by scientists and engineers representing academic institutions, commercial firms, and the National Science Foundation. Short presentations describing ongoing technical developments were given. This report summarizes the discussions and conclusions of the meeting participants and provides a basis for further meetings and discussions.
Galileo Asteroid Flyby
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An asteroid flyby option has been added to the Galileo mission to Jupiter, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has announced. The option will permit mission scientists to decide after launch whether to fly by the asteroid 29 Amphitrite in December 1986. Information obtained from the flyby may help scientists decide whether asteroids are the source of many of the meteorites that fall to earth.
All they wanted was a piece of the Moon
Authors: Doe Bruce R.
Published: October 2011

From January 5 to January 8, 1970, scientists reported the first results on the 22 kg of lunar samples brought back to the earth by Apollo 11. Thus began a new phase for earth and planetary science. Most scientists received their samples only 3 months before the meeting, and they had to arrive at the meeting with manuscripts in hand. Yet a distinguished group of scientists rose to this challenge, and the results were published 3 weeks later in the January 30, 1970, Science. Thus began the tradition of annual meetings and annual reports of unusually high quality of results on a rapid time scale that is now the standard for earth and planetary science. To some, such as myself, interpreting data in such a rapid time frame seemed akin to “30‐second‐a‐move chess.”
Spacecraft tracking transfer
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGE 49 Goddard Space Flight Center's spacecraft tracking and data acquisition operations will be transferred from the Beltsville Tracking Station to the Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Va., by early 1986, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration announced. The transfer, NASA said, will consolidate these space operations with existing tracking and data acquisition facilities at Wallops to support balloon, sounding rocket, and aeronautical flight research.
History of oceanography
Authors: Brooks David A.
Published: October 2011

The AGU Committee on History of Geophysics (CHG), chaired by David P. Stern, met at the AGU Fall Meeting on December 3, 1984. The CHG is presently concentrating on three principal tasks: solicitation and coordination of history‐related talks at AGU meetings, publication of historical material in Eos, and the continued publication of its Newsletter. Several committee members expressed the need to preserve in writing important early events which lead to significant advances in various fields of geophysics. It was pointed out that many of these events are anecdotal and thus easily lost to future generations. The Newsletter, which is presently in its fifth issue, provides one medium for the preservation of geophysical history.
Report from Hydrology Section President
Authors: Freeze R. Allan
Published: October 2011

The response to the Hydrology Section questionnaire that appeared in Eos earlier this fall (September 11, 1984, p. 690) was very gratifying. More than 100 members took the time to send in a completed copy. There were few harsh complaints but lots of constructive suggestions. Many people volunteered to play an increased role in AGU activities.

More than 50 topics were suggested as possible subjects for technical sessions at annual meetings or for Chapman conferences. A summary list of these topics has been sent to each of the technical committee chairmen and to the program chairman for the Spring and Fall Meetings.
Gedeon Dagan wins Horton Award
Authors: Neuman Shlomo , Dagan Gedeon
Published: October 2011

One of the most challenging problems of groundwater hydrology is the effect that spatial variations in the properties of geologic materials have on fluid flow and solute transport through the subsurface. In recent years, there has been a general recognition among hydrologists that such spatial variations are best described by treating the hydrologic properties of these materials as random processes. The effect of spatial variability on the movement of fluids and solutes through the subsurface is then governed by stochastic differential equations. Much of what we currently know about the stochastic nature of this movement is due to the pioneering work of Gedeon Dagan, this year's recipient of the Robert E. Horton Award.
Scatterometer investigations
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An announcement of opportunity has been released for scientific participation in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Scatterometer (NSCAT) program, which will be carried aboard the U.S. Navy Remote Ocean Sensing System (N‐ROSS) satellite, currently scheduled for launch in mid‐1989. NSCAT is an active microwave instrument designed to measure wind speed and direction near the sea surface. The expected duration of the NSCAT/N‐ROSS mission is 3 years.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 10(1), January 31, 1985, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E85—003 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.