bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Global Revivalist? Reuben Archer Torrey and the 1902 Evangelistic Campaign in Australia
Authors: Treloar Geoffrey R.
Published: March 2022

As a revivalist who appeared to have initiated a world-wide awakening of Christianity and was also an early leader of the fundamentalist movement, Reuben A. Torrey is generally regarded as a major figure in the early twentieth-century history of evangelicalism. By tracing its origins and results, this article attributes Torrey's rise to prominence in the global evangelical movement to the evangelistic campaign he conducted in Australia in 1902. Setting this episode in the context of the history of international revivalism, it identifies Torrey as the first global revivalist in influence as well as geographical range. In place of the traditional providential interpretation, the analysis proposes the alignment of the revivalist theology, methods, and achievement exhibited in the Australian campaign with the hopes and expectations of the preexisting conservative evangelical subculture as a “functionalist” explanation of Torrey's impact. As the reason for Torrey's transformed standing in the evangelical movement in America and the wider world, the 1902 Australian campaign also emerges as a revealing case study of the dynamics of global evangelicalism and the function of international revivalism at the beginning of the twentieth century.
NOT SO UNUSUAL AFTER ALL: REMARKS ON THE LATIN CURSE TABLETS OF THE IMPERIAL AGE
Authors: Scheid John
Published: March 2022

This article examines the ritual contexts of two recent discoveries of materia magica in complex and carefully excavated archaeological sites, and situates the prayers found there within the wider range of prayer in traditional Roman religion. Both the texts found in the so-called ‘magician's cellar’ in Chartres and those on the lead tablets found behind the temple of Magna Mater in Mainz date to the first century ce and are thus among the earliest surviving magical texts in the West. Despite the usual assumption that many magical rituals migrated from east to west across the Mediterranean and then up into western Europe, it shows how these two early caches of magical text reflect, in fact, the pattern and style of early Latin votive formulae, as well as traditional Roman prayers, like those of the Arval Brethren, and traditional Roman rituals.
Greek Literature
Authors: Heath Malcolm
Published: March 2022

The influence of Greek poetry on Latin poetry is well known. Why, then, is the reciprocal influence of Latin poetry on Greek not so readily discernible? What does that reveal about Greek–Latin bilingualism and biculturalism? Perhaps not very much. The evidence that Daniel Jolowicz surveys in the densely written 34-page introduction to his 400-page Latin Poetry in the Ancient Greek Novel amply testifies to Greek engagement with Latin language and culture on a larger scale than is usually recognized. That this engagement is more readily discernible in Greek novels than in Greek poetry is no reason to dismiss the evidence that the novels provide. On the contrary, the seven main chapters provide ‘readings of the Greek novels that establish Latin poetry…as an essential frame of reference’ (2). In Chapters 1–3 Chariton engages with the love elegy of Propertius, Ovid and Tibullus, with Ovid's epistolary poetry and the poetry of exile, and with the Aeneid. In Chapters 4–5 Achilles Tatius engages with Latin elegy and (again) the Aeneid, and also with the ‘destruction of bodies’ (221) in Ovid, Lucan, and Seneca. In Chapter 7 Longus engages with Virgil's Eclogues and the Aeneid. The strength of the evidence requires only a brief conclusion. Jolowicz's rigorously argued and methodologically convincing monograph deserves to be read widely, and with close attention.
Art and Archaeology
Authors: Squire Michael
Published: March 2022

My first title in fact comprises two independent books. Within a section dedicated to Graeco-Roman art and archaeology, the subject may come as something of a surprise: the case study is not ‘Greek’ or ‘Roman’, nor does it derive from the extended Mediterranean. Rather, From Memory to Marble analyses the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, inaugurated in 1949. Elizabeth Rankin and Rolf Michael Schneider have delivered a pair of volumes almost as monumental as the installation they describe, the first examining the context, origin, and legacy of the building's frieze, the second cataloguing its twenty-seven scenes. One of the many remarkable aspects of these two books is that both have been made available as free downloads. But what really stands out in the analysis is the ‘unconditional collaboration’ (5) between an art historian and a classical archaeologist: on the one hand, the project showcases how a broader art-historical training can enrich the traditional sorts of questions posed by classical archaeology, especially when it comes to issues of pictorial narrative; on the other, it demonstrates what classical archaeological formalism can offer to contemporary art history, and indeed larger debates about cultural history and contemporary identity politics. The result will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the legacy of classical ideas and imagery in South Africa.
Interparental conflict and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A longitudinal moderated mediation model
Authors: Luo Rui , Chen Fumei , Ke Li , Wang Yun , Zhao Yunyan , Luo Yuhan
Published: March 2022

While the detrimental effect of interparental conflict on adolescent depression is well-established, the underlying mechanisms linking the two continue to be inadequately understood. This study investigated the mediating role of family functioning and the moderating role of cultural beliefs about adversity in the association between interparental conflict and adolescent depression. The samples included 651 Chinese adolescents (mean age at Time 1 = 13.27 years; 56.5% girls) from a two-wave longitudinal study with data spanning 1 year. The findings from path modeling analyses provided evidence for the mediating role of family functioning; these findings indicated that interparental conflict can damage family functioning, which in turn exacerbates the risk of adolescent depression. The moderating role of cultural beliefs about adversity was also demonstrated by interactions between interparental conflict and cultural beliefs about adversity, as well as, family functioning and cultural beliefs about adversity. The results indicated a buffering role of cultural beliefs about adversity on the deleterious effect of interparental conflict on adolescent depression. They also suggested that lower levels of family functioning was associated with increased depression among adolescents were lower in cultural beliefs about adversity.
ARCH Project and the Global Initiatives of Disaster Health Management
Authors: Yanasan Alisa , Pongpamon Natthanicha , Pattanarattanamole Ratrawee , Rojsaengroeng Rapeeporn , Natsukawa Tomoaki , Katsube Tsukasa , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Ikeda Shuichi
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The prime aim of Project for Strengthening the ASEAN Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH Project) is to strengthen the disaster health management (DHM) capacity in the context of personal level, Emergency Medical Team (EMT), and the regional collaboration. The ARCH Project was implemented with reference to international trends of DHM and seeks to contribute to the development of global standards.

Methods:

The project established the Project Working Groups that consisted of representatives of ASEAN Member States (AMS) to develop standard operating procedures (SOP) for international EMT (I-EMT) coordination. Furthermore, it aimed to organize training sessions along with implementation of the regional collaboration drill (RCD) in accordance with I-EMT minimum requirements and in line with coordination standards set by the WHO.

Results:

The ARCH Project developed the SOP and common platform for I-EMT coordination, organized training, and conducted RCDs with reference to the WHO’s EMT initiative. Furthermore, it also contributed to the development of the EMT Minimum Data Set (MDS), an international standard DHM tool that underwent testing at the RCDs before the WHO endorsement and its utilization in actual disaster response.

Conclusion:

In the process of strengthening ASEAN regional capacity in DHM, the project is constantly capturing international trends and also making significant contributions in the development of global systems and tools.
Integrated Differential Phase Contrast (IDPC)-STEM Utilizing a Multi-Sector Detector for Imaging Thick Samples
Authors: Li Zhongbo , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Rose Harald
Published: March 2022

The integrated differential phase contrast (IDPC) method is useful for generating the potential map of a thin sample. We evaluate theoretically the potential of IDPC imaging for thick samples by varying the focus at different sample thicknesses. Our calculations show that high defocus values result in enhanced anisotropy of the contrast transfer function (CTF) and uninterpretable images, if a quadrant detector is applied. We further show that applying a multi-sector detector can result in an almost isotropic CTF. By sector number-dependent calculations for both Cc/C3-corrected and C3-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we show that the increase of detector sectors not only removes the anisotropy of the CTF, but also improves image contrast and resolution. For a proof-of-principle IDPC-STEM (uncorrected) experiment, we realize the functionality of a 12-sector detector from a physical quadrant detector and demonstrate the improvement in contrast and resolution on the example of InGaN/GaN quantum well structure.
The WTO in Crisis: Closing the Gap between Conversation and Action or Shutting Down the Conversation?
Authors: Low Patrick
Published: March 2022

The multilateral trading system faces numerous challenges that are more profound than at any time in its seven-decade history. It has become commonplace to ask whether the system is in terminal decline. More than a dozen issues facing the WTO are identified in the paper, eight of which are defined as systemic. That is because they permeate and debilitate multiple facets of the workings of the WTO, including the capacity to negotiate, enforce disciplines, monitor policies, and ensure transparency. In no prioritized order, systemic issues arise in the areas of dispute settlement, development, decision-making, transparency, relations between states and markets, subsidies, emerging issues including climate change and digitalization, and trade and health. Other outstanding issues may not be as pervasive in impact, but can nevertheless undermine WTO relevance and effectiveness. All WTO members stand to lose in the absence of predictable multilateral trade rules that pre-commit parties to certain policies and processes. But in today's world, full convergence of all trade rules is a pipe dream. The system needs to balance convergence with managed divergence. Does the non-discrimination principle need to be layered by prior agreement in ways that ensure mutual gains from exchange?
Letting the Music ‘Speak For Itself’? Dvořák as Strategist
Authors: Branda Eva
Published: March 2022

‘I only write music and let it speak for itself’ – such was Antonín Dvořák's attitude, according to Josef Kovařík, the composer's personal secretary in New York. Indeed, throughout his career, Dvořák seemed reluctant to share his views publicly. He did not contribute articles to Czech periodicals, his acquaintances were well aware of his dread of making public appearances and speeches, and contemporary critics often commented on his humble and unenterprising nature.

Yet Dvořák was not as passive as his alleged statement to Kovařík would imply. While visiting England during the 1880s, he became particularly concerned about forging a certain kind of image for himself in the Czech lands. Not only did Dvořák take an interest in English reviews of his music, he also sent several of these critiques to his contacts at home with the request that they be reprinted in Czech translation in the newspapers and journals of Prague. He proved to be equally strategic in some of his other professional choices, including the surprising decision to dedicate his patriotic cantata Hymnus: Heirs of the White Mountain ‘to the English people’, which can be understood as a clever tactical ploy, meant to signal the composer's international credentials to audiences at home.

Drawing upon various letters and the many excerpted English reviews that appeared in the Czech press, this article shows that Dvořák played an active part in determining which aspects of his reception in England would be relayed to the Czech public. More broadly, the article examines Dvořák's role as strategist – an aspect of the composer's career that has remained largely unexplored. Ultimately, Dvořák was mindful of what Michael Beckerman calls ‘the public-relations aspect of nationalism’, and the suggestion that he was content simply to let the music ‘speak for itself’ does not tell the whole story.
The Limits of Indonesia and India Trade Cooperation: The Case of Import Tariffs on Refined Palm Oil 2019–2020
Authors: Karim Moch Faisal , Tiffani Claeri
Published: March 2022

This article examines limitations present in India–Indonesia bilateral trade relations. Since January 2019, India has imposed higher import tariffs on Indonesian refined, bleached, deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) than those imposed on Indonesia's main competitor Malaysia. This tariff policy weakened Indonesia's exports, given that India is Indonesia's third-largest export destination for palm oil. To overcome these tariff disparities, the Indonesian government responded with a trade-off strategy, offering to lower its import tariffs on India's raw sugar in exchange for a reduction in India's import tariffs on Indonesia's RBDPO. However, this strategy has thus far failed to generate a satisfying outcome for Indonesia. This article examines the obstacles in enacting such a strategy from the Indonesian perspective. By mobilising the concept of reluctance in international politics, this article argues that India's reluctance hinders Indonesia's trade-off strategy. This reluctance is evidenced by India's hesitation and recalcitrance, resulting in delays, and reversal of policy as well as ignoring Indonesian requests regarding the trade-off strategy. This could indicate that India does not prioritise Indonesia in its Indo-Pacific vision, particularly in enhancing cooperation with Southeast Asian nations, particularly Indonesia.
Trauernde Kinder und Jugendliche psychologisch begleiten
Authors: Bobillier Franziska
Published: March 2022

Das Thema Tod und Trauer ist besonders im Umgang mit Kindern und Jugendlichen ein großes Tabuthema. Franziska Bobillier liefert mit diesem Handbuch eine theoretisch fundierte, praxisnahe und anwendungsorientierte Unterstützung für Psycholog*innen, die Kinder, Jugendliche und ihre Eltern im Kontext von Tod und Trauer begleiten.
Die Autorin fokussiert auf folgende Themen:

• Pathologisierung der Trauer (Diskussion der Diagnose „anhaltende Trauerstörung“ u.v.m.)
• entwicklungspsychologische Aspekte (Entwicklung des Todeskonzepts, mögliche Trauerreaktionen u.v.m.)
• Entwicklung der Trauermodelle
• Konkrete Implementierung des Dualen Prozessmodells (DPM) nach Stroebe und Schut in die kinder- und jugendpsychologische Trauerbegleitung
• Empfehlungen für unterschiedliche Auftragsarten in der Praxis (Kurz-Coaching von erwachsenen Bezugspersonen: Dos and Donts im Umgang mit trauernden Kindern und Jugendlichen; Empfehlungen für den konkreten Ablauf eines Erstgesprächs u.v.m.)
• Umgang mit Suizid und Suizidalität (Todeskontext Suizid; Suizidalitätsmanagement: (trauernde) Kinder und Jugendliche coachen)
• Selbstfürsorge als psychologische Fachperson (u.a. Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) und Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT))
• Im Anhang befindet sich eine ausführliche Zusammenstellung von Interventionen, Materialien, Checklisten, Musterbriefen, Literaturempfehlungen und Hinweisen auf alternative Angebote, fachliche Weiterbildung und Netzwerkarbeit.
Eine Kindheit mit ADHS
Authors: Chirici Daniela
Published: March 2022

„Sie haben Ihr Kind nicht im Griff, es macht mit Ihnen, was es will!“ oder „ADHS? Das gibt es doch nicht, Ihr erzieht Euer Kind nicht, das ist das Problem. Ihr Eltern seid das Problem und nicht das Kind.“ Kommen Ihnen diese Sätze bekannt vor? Stellen Sie infrage, dass Sie eine gute Mutter oder ein guter Vater sind, da Ihr Kind nicht so ist, wie es von der Gesellschaft verlangt und erwartet wird? Daniela Chirici kennt sowohl die Angriffe als auch die Selbstzweifel. Ihr ältester Sohn erhielt früh die Diagnose Aufmerksamkeitsdefizitstörung (ADHS). Zehn Jahre lang, bis ihr Sohn 19 Jahre alt war, schrieb sie regelmäßig für die ADHS-Organisation Schweiz. In ihren Texten beschreibt sie, wie es ist, mit einem ADHS-betroffenen Kind unterwegs zu sein und was dies für die ganze Familie bedeutet. In den zehn Jahren wurde sie zudem vom Schweizer Fernsehen SRF begleitet – daraus sind drei Reportagen entstanden. Die Autorin vereinigt im vorliegenden Buch alle Texte, die während dieser zehn Jahre entstanden sind, und ergänzt sie mit Informationen zu den wichtigsten Etappen im Leben ihres Sohnes Kilian. „Ziel des vorliegenden Buches ist es, in Form einer wahren Geschichte aufzuzeigen, wie trotz vieler Hürden und Widrigkeiten erfolgreich mit ADHS umgegangen werden kann und dass auch Kinder und Jugendliche trotz und mit ADHS eine produktive Entwicklung und glückliche Lebensperspektive haben können.“ Roland Abegglen, Paar- und Familienterapeut FSP
Ratgeber Bulimie
Authors: Svaldi Jennifer , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna
Published: March 2022

Zeitweise beim Essen etwas „aufzupassen“ und hin und wieder zu viel zu essen sind Verhaltensweisen, die bei sehr vielen Menschen vorkommen. Ebenso sind viele Menschen, insbesondere Frauen, aber zunehmend auch Männer, mit ihrem Körper unzufrieden. Bei den meisten Menschen sind diese Verhaltensweisen und Empfindungen temporär und daher harmlos. Für Menschen mit einer Bulimia nervosa sind das Hungern und der Verlust jeglicher Beherrschung beim Essen jedoch ständige Begleiter mit dem Ziel, an Gewicht zu verlieren, um sich selbst und den eigenen Körper besser annehmen zu können. Die Folgen sind schwerwiegende körperliche und psychische Begleiterscheinungen, die – wenn nicht oder unangemessen behandelt – einen erheblichen Verlust der Lebensqualität, Belastungen in der Familie und sogar eine verkürzte Lebenserwartung mit sich bringen. Dabei stehen erfolgreiche Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung.
Der Ratgeber klärt Betroffene und Angehörige über das Krankheitsbild, den Verlauf, die Ursachen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Bulimia nervosa auf. Er geht auf erste Selbsthilfemöglichkeiten ein und hilft den Betroffenen und deren Angehörigen die Bulimie besser zu verstehen. Zudem informiert der Ratgeber darüber, wo Betroffene und Angehörige Hilfe bekommen. Er kann auch begleitend zu einer laufenden Behandlung gelesen werden und unterstützt dabei die Therapie.
Land Policy for Flood Risk Management—Toward a New Working Paradigm
Authors: Potočki K. , Hartmann T. , Slavíková L. , Collentine D. , Veidemane K. , Raška P. , Barstad J. , Evans R.
Published: March 2022

Flood risk management (FRM) aims to integrate necessary technical measures with environmental and societal approaches. Focusing on the process and governance of how to plan, implement, and maintain solutions therefore becomes essential. Among the different stakeholders, landowners are a key group to be considered. This contribution elaborates on the interconnections between land policy, FRM and private land ownership. It is based on the European COST Action network LAND4FLOOD, which brings together academics and stakeholders from various disciplines and more than 35 countries. We argue for a less project oriented and more process oriented approach, a focus on land management and more emphasis on small‐scale measures. This represents a break with some of the recent working paradigms of FRM.
Influence of Data Filters on the Position and Precision of Paleomagnetic Poles: What Is the Optimal Sampling Strategy?
Authors: Gerritsen Dieke , Vaes Bram , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J.
Published: March 2022

To determine a paleopole, the paleomagnetic community commonly applies a loosely defined set of quantitative data filters that were established for studies of geomagnetic field behavior. These filters require costly and time‐consuming sampling procedures, but whether they improve the precision and influence the position of paleopoles has not yet been systematically analyzed. In this study, we performed a series of experiments on four datasets which consist of 73–125 lava sites with 6–7 samples per lava. The datasets are from different regions and ages, and are large enough to represent paleosecular variation, yet include demonstrably unreliable paleomagnetic directions. We show that the systematic application of data filters based on within‐site scatter (a maximum angular deviation filter on individual directions, a k‐cutoff, a minimum number of samples per site, and eliminating the farthest outliers per site) cannot identify unreliable directions. We find instead that excluding unreliable directions relies on the subjective interpretation of the expert, highlighting the importance of making all data available following the FAIR principles. In addition, data filters that decrease the number of sites even have an adverse effect; they decrease the precision of the paleopole. Between‐site scatter often outweighs within‐site scatter, and when collecting paleomagnetic poles, the extra efforts put into collecting multiple samples per site are more effectively spent on collecting more single‐sample sites.
Predicting the Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater by a Geospatial Machine Learning Technique in the Two Most Affected Districts of Assam, India: The Public Health Implications
Authors: Nath Bibhash , Chowdhury Runti , Ni‐Meister Wenge , Mahanta Chandan
Published: March 2022

Arsenic (As) is a well‐known carcinogen and chemical contaminant in groundwater. The spatial heterogeneity in As distribution in groundwater makes it difficult to predict the location of safe areas for tube well installations, consumption, and agriculture. Geospatial machine learning techniques have been used to predict the location of safe and unsafe areas of groundwater As. We used a similar machine learning technique and developed a habitation‐level (spatial resolution 250 m) predictive model to determine the risk and extent of As >10 μg/L in groundwater in the two most affected districts of Assam, India, with an aim to advise policymakers on targeted interventions. A random forest model was employed in Python environments to predict the probabilities of As at concentrations >10 μg/L using intrinsic and extrinsic predictor variables, which were selected for their inherent relationship with As occurrence in groundwater. The relationships between predictor variables and proportions of As occurrences >10 μg/L follow the well‐documented processes leading to As release in groundwater. We identified potential As hotspots based on a probability of ≥0.7 for As >10 μg/L, including regions not previously surveyed and extending beyond previously known As hotspots. Of the total land area (6,500 km2), 25% was identified as a high‐risk zone, with an estimated 155,000 people potentially consuming As through drinking water or cooking food. The ternary hazard probability map (showing high, moderate, and low risk for As >10 μg/L) could inform policymakers on establishing newer drinking water treatment plants and providing safe drinking water connections to rural households.
Temporal Evolution of Low‐Latitude Plasma Blobs Identified From Multiple Measurements: ICON, GOLD, and Madrigal TEC
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Huang Chao‐Song , Eastes Richard W. , Coster Anthea J.
Published: March 2022

Low‐latitude plasma blobs have been studied since their first being reported in 1986. However, investigations on temporal evolution of a blob or on continental scale (>2,000 km) ionospheric contexts around it are relatively rare. Overcoming these limitations can help elucidate the blob generation mechanisms. On 21 January 2021, the Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite encountered a typical low‐latitude blob near the northeastern coast of South America. The event was collocated with a local enhancement in 135.6 nm nightglow at the poleward edge of an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB), as observed by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) imager. Total electron content maps from the Global Navigation Satellite System confirm the GOLD observations. Unlike typical medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), the blob had neither well‐organized wavefronts nor moved in the southwest direction. Neither was the blob a monotonically decaying equatorial ionization anomaly crest past sunset. Rather, the blob varied following latitudinal expansion/contraction of EPBs at similar magnetic longitudes. The observational results support that mechanisms other than MSTIDs, such as EPBs, can also contribute to blob generation.
ULF Fluctuation of Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Electric Fields During Sudden Commencements
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2022

We use the C/NOFS satellite observations to provide the direct evidence for ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) fluctuations in the low‐latitude ionospheric electric field during the sudden commencement (SC) on 8 March 2012. The meridional plasma drift shows a sudden downward motion with a large amplitude after SC onset. This initial westward electric field signature is followed by ULF fluctuations with periods of 28–100 s. Further, C/NOFS observations show that the ionospheric zonal electric field and compressional component of geomagnetic field present the similar ULF fluctuations with a ∼90° phase difference, indicating the existence of a standing compressional mode wave. The fluctuations in the ionospheric electric field and horizontal component of the geomagnetic field on the ground also exhibit a high correlation and the frequency of the ground‐based geomagnetic field shows no dependence with latitudes. These results suggest that the ULF waves in the ionospheric electric field may be associated with a cavity mode. We also show the ULF waves in ionospheric electric fields in other cases. The ULF wave electric fields provide important information on the ionospheric studies and ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling in low latitudes.
Tracking the Spatio‐Temporal Evolution of Foreshocks Preceding the Mw 6.1 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake
Authors: Cabrera Leoncio , Poli Piero , Frank William B.
Published: March 2022

How faulting processes lead to a large earthquake is a fundamental question in seismology. To better constrain this pre‐seismic stage, we create a dense seismic catalog via template matching to analyze the precursory phase of the Mw 6.1 L’Aquila earthquake that occurred in central Italy in 2009. We estimate several physical parameters in time, such as the coefficient of variation, the seismic moment release, the effective stress drop, and analyze spatio‐temporal patterns to study the evolution of the sequence and the earthquake interactions. We observe that the precursory phase experiences multiple accelerations of the seismicity rate that we divide into two main sequences with different signatures and features: the first part exhibits weak earthquake interactions, quasi‐continuous moment release, slow spatial migration patterns, and a lower effective stress drop, pointing to aseismic processes. The second sequence exhibits strong temporal clustering, fast seismicity expansion, and a larger effective stress drop typical of a stress transfer process. We interpret the differences in seismicity behaviors between the two sequences as distinct physical mechanisms that are controlled by different physical properties of the fault system. We conclude that the L’Aquila earthquake is preceded by a complex preparation, made up of different physical processes over different time scales on faults with different physical properties.
Fuel Loads and Plant Traits as Community‐Level Predictors of Emergent Properties of Vulnerability and Resilience to a Changing Fire Regime in Black Spruce Forests of Boreal Alaska
Authors: Grzesik E. J. , Hollingsworth T. N. , Ruess R. W. , Turetsky M. R.
Published: March 2022

Black spruce forest communities in boreal Alaska have undergone self‐replacement succession following low‐to‐moderate severity fires for thousands of years. However, recent intensification of interior Alaska's fire regime, particularly deeper burning of the soil organic layer, is leading to shifts to deciduous‐dominated successional pathways, resulting in many socioecological consequences. Both fuel load quantity and quality (or “burnability”) influence black spruce plant communities' potential to burn. Even relatively low fuel loads, such as those seen in black spruce forest understory, can be highly influential drivers of fire behavior due to their high flammability. Additionally, black spruce community self‐replacement following fire can be largely attributed to the suite of functional and life history traits possessed by the species dominating these communities. We used fuel load (quantity and quality) and amount of within‐population plant trait variation (coefficient of variation; CV) as community‐level emergent properties to investigate black spruce forest vulnerability and resilience to a changing fire regime across the landscape. Our burn severity potential index (BSPI), calculated from fuel load quantity and quality measurements, indicates that drier, higher elevation stands with thicker active layers were the most vulnerable to fire‐induced vegetation shifts under a changing fire regime. Forest resilience to fire‐induced vegetation shift, represented by higher CV, was negatively associated with BSPI and greatest in ecoregions dominated by lowland black spruce forests. Together, these analyses provide critical information for determining the likelihood of stand‐replacing shifts in dominant vegetation following fire and for implementing appropriate ecosystem management practices.
Physical Circulation in the Coastal Zone of a Large Lake Controls the Benthic Biological Distribution
Authors: Girihagama Lakshika , Howell E. Todd , Li Jingzhi , Wells Mathew G.
Published: March 2022

Gradients of conductivity and major ions in the coastal zone of the eastern Georgian Bay of Lake Huron appear to limit the spatial distribution of invasive dreissenid mussels. Rivers flowing into Georgian Bay from the Canadian Shield have relatively low conductivity compared to the main body of Lake Huron, which creates a gradient of solutes near the river mouths. Field observations show a strong positive correlation between conductivity and calcium concentration. Thus, we use conductivity to infer the calcium concentrations required for the successful growth of dreissenid mussels. Most dreissenid mussels were observed in regions where specific conductivities were greater than 140 μS/cm. Field observations were used to examine how the calcium poor river water mixes within the coastal zone, resulting in solute gradients that determine mussel distribution. When river flows are low in late summer, there is only a weak solute gradient across the coastal zone, implying an intrusion of open bay waters into the shallow embayments, that favor the growth of dreissenid mussels. In contrast, during spring when river flows are as much as 10 times higher, there is a strong solute gradient that extends further into the lake, and the low calcium appears to limit the growth of dreissenid mussels. Thus, the seasonal character of solute gradients helps describe the spatial distribution of dreissenid mussels and explains the localized absence of a species that is otherwise prevalent in much of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Cancer incidence in healthy Swedish peripheral blood stem cell donors
Authors: Pahnke Simon , Nygell Ulla Axdorph , Johansson Jan-Erik , Kisch Annika , Ljungman Per , Sandstedt Anna , Hägglund Hans , Larfors Gunnar
Published: March 2022

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used for over 20 years to obtain peripheral blood stem cells from healthy donors for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Concerns have been raised about a potentially increased cancer incidence in donors after donation, especially regarding haematological malignancies. In a prospective Swedish national cohort study, we studied the cancer incidence after donation in 1082 Swedish peripheral blood stem cell donors, donating between 1998 and 2014. The primary objective was to evaluate if the cancer incidence increased for donors treated with G-CSF. With a median follow-up time of 9.8 years, the incidence of haematological malignancies was 0.85 cases per 1000 person-years, and did not significantly differ from the incidence in age-, sex- and residence-matched population controls (hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–3.64,pvalue 0.17), bone marrow donors or non-donating siblings. The total cancer incidence for peripheral blood stem cell donors was 6.0 cases per 1000 person-years, equal to the incidence in matched population controls (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.78–1.36,pvalue 0.85), bone marrow donors or non-donating siblings. In this study of healthy peripheral blood stem cell donors, the cancer incidence was not increased after treatment with G-CSF.
Evolutionary history of the p53 family DNA-binding domain: insights from an Alvinella pompejana homolog
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Balourdas Dimitrios-Ilias , Baron Bruno , Senitzki Alon , Haran Tali E. , Wiman Klas G. , Soussi Thierry , Joerger Andreas C.
Published: March 2022

The extremophile Alvinella pompejana, an annelid worm living on the edge of hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, is an excellent model system for studying factors that govern protein stability. Low intrinsic stability is a crucial factor for the susceptibility of the transcription factor p53 to inactivating mutations in human cancer. Understanding its molecular basis may facilitate the design of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mutant p53. By analyzing expressed sequence tag (EST) data, we discovered a p53 family gene in A. pompejana. Protein crystallography and biophysical studies showed that it has a p53/p63-like DNA-binding domain (DBD) that is more thermostable than all vertebrate p53 DBDs tested so far, but not as stable as that of human p63. We also identified features associated with its increased thermostability. In addition, the A. pompejana homolog shares DNA-binding properties with human p53 family DBDs, despite its evolutionary distance, consistent with a potential role in maintaining genome integrity. Through extensive structural and phylogenetic analyses, we could further trace key evolutionary events that shaped the structure, stability, and function of the p53 family DBD over time, leading to a potent but vulnerable tumor suppressor in humans.
Reducing N6AMT1-mediated 6mA DNA modification promotes breast tumor progression via transcriptional repressing cell cycle inhibitors
Authors: Chen Jiongyu , Zhuang Yixuan , Wang Ping , Ning Jinfeng , Liu Wei , Huang Yiteng , Lin Xueqiong , Peng Lin , Zhang Donghong
Published: March 2022

DNA N6-methyladenosine (6mA) is a novel epigenetic signaling modification in humans and has been implicated in the progression and tumorigenesis of several cancers. However, the function and mechanism of 6mA in breast cancer (BC), the most common cancer among women, are unclear. Here, we found that decreases in N6AMT1 correlated with the extent of 6mA in clinical BC tissues and predicted a worse survival of BC patients. Functionally, knockdown of N6AMT1 markedly reduced 6mA in DNA and promoted colony formation and migration of BC cells, whereas overexpression of N6AMT1 had the opposite effect. Moreover, silencing of N6AMT1 reduced 6mA modification and enhanced the growth of BC cells in vitro and tumors in vivo. 6mA immunoprecipitation sequencing (6mA-IP-seq), RNA-seq, 6mA-IP-PCR, and bioinformatics analysis indicated that N6AMT1 was a functional methyltransferase for genomic 6mA DNA modifications and related to gene transcriptional activity. Critical negative regulators of the cell cycle, such as RB1, P21, REST, and TP53 were identified as targets of N6AMT1 in BC. These results suggest N6AMT1 enhances DNA 6mA levels to repress tumor progression via transcriptional regulation of cell cycle inhibitors.
Self-attenuating adenovirus enables production of recombinant adeno-associated virus for high manufacturing yield without contamination
Authors: Su Weiheng , Patrício Maria I. , Duffy Margaret R. , Krakowiak Jakub M. , Seymour Leonard W. , Cawood Ryan
Published: March 2022

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) shows great promise for gene therapy, however scalability, yield and quality remain significant issues. Here we describe an rAAV manufacturing strategy using a ‘helper’ adenovirus that self-inhibits its major late promoter (MLP) to truncate its own replication. Inserting a tetracycline repressor (TetR) binding site into the MLP and encoding the TetR under its transcriptional control allowed normal adenovirus replication in the presence of doxycycline but only genome amplification and early gene expression (the ‘helper’ functions) in its absence. Using this self-inhibiting adenovirus we demonstrate delivery of adenoviral helper functions, AAV rep and cap genes, and the rAAV genome to yield up to 30-fold more rAAV vectors compared to the helper-free plasmid approach and significant improvements in particle infectivity for a range of serotypes. This system allows significant improvements in the production of serotypes rAAV2, rAAV6, rAAV8 and rAAV9, and enables propagation of existing rAAV without transfection, a process that improves batch quality by depleting reverse packaged DNA contaminants. We propose this as a high-yielding, contaminant-free system suitable for scalable rAAV manufacture.
Observation of the non-linear Meissner effect
Authors: Wilcox J. A. , Grant M. J. , Malone L. , Putzke C. , Kaczorowski D. , Wolf T. , Hardy F. , Meingast C. , Analytis J. G. , Chu J.-H. , Fisher I. R. , Carrington A.
Published: March 2022

A long-standing theoretical prediction is that in clean, nodal unconventional superconductors the magnetic penetration depth λ, at zero temperature, varies linearly with magnetic field. This non-linear Meissner effect is an equally important manifestation of the nodal state as the well studied linear-in-T dependence of λ, but has never been convincingly experimentally observed. Here we present measurements of the nodal superconductors CeCoIn5 and LaFePO which clearly show this non-linear Meissner effect. We further show how the effect of a small dc magnetic field on λ(T) can be used to distinguish gap nodes from non-nodal deep gap minima. Our measurements of KFe2As2 suggest that this material has such a non-nodal state.
Increasing terrestrial ecosystem carbon release in response to autumn cooling and warming
Authors: Tang Rui , He Bin , Chen Hans W. , Chen Deliang , Chen Yaning , Fu Yongshuo H. , Yuan Wenping , Li Baofu , Li Zhi , Guo Lanlan , Hao Xingming , Sun Liying , Liu Huiming , Sun Cheng , Yang Yang
Published: March 2022

Part of the Northern Hemisphere has experienced widespread autumn cooling during the most recent decades despite overall warming, but how this contrasting temperature change has influenced the ecosystem carbon exchange remains unclear. Here, we show that autumn cooling has occurred over about half of the area north of 25° N since 2004, producing a weak cooling trend over the period 2004–2018. Multiple lines of evidence suggest an increasing net CO2 release in autumn during 2004–2018. In cooling areas, the increasing autumn CO2 release is due to the larger decrease of gross primary productivity (GPP) growth than total ecosystem respiration (TER) growth suppressed by cooling. In the warming areas, TER increased more than GPP because the warming and wetting conditions are more favourable for TER growth than GPP increase. Despite the opposite temperature trends, there has been a systematic increase in ecosystem carbon release across the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes.
A signature invariant geometric algebra framework for spacetime physics and its applications in relativistic dynamics of a massive particle and gyroscopic precession
Authors: Wu Bofeng
Published: March 2022

A signature invariant geometric algebra framework for spacetime physics is formulated. By following the original idea of David Hestenes in the spacetime algebra of signature$$(+,-,-,-)$$(+,-,-,-), the techniques related to relative vector and spacetime split are built up in the spacetime algebra of signature$$(-,+,+,+)$$(-,+,+,+). The even subalgebras of the spacetime algebras of signatures$$(\pm ,\mp ,\mp ,\mp )$$(±,∓,∓,∓)share the same operation rules, so that they could be treated as one algebraic formalism, in which spacetime physics is described in a signature invariant form. Based on the two spacetime algebras and their “common” even subalgebra, rotor techniques on Lorentz transformation and relativistic dynamics of a massive particle in curved spacetime are constructed. A signature invariant treatment of the general Lorentz boost with velocity in an arbitrary direction and the general spatial rotation in an arbitrary plane is presented. For a massive particle, the spacetime splits of the velocity, acceleration, momentum, and force four-vectors with the normalized four-velocity of the fiducial observer, at rest in the coordinate system of the spacetime metric, are given, where the proper time of the fiducial observer is identified, and the contribution of the bivector connection is considered, and with these results, a three-dimensional analogue of Newton’s second law for this particle in curved spacetime is achieved. Finally, as a comprehensive application of the techniques constructed in this paper, a geometric algebra approach to gyroscopic precession is provided, where for a gyroscope moving in the Lense-Thirring spacetime, the precessional angular velocity of its spin is derived in a signature invariant manner.
Continuous cardiac thermometry via simultaneous catheter tracking and undersampled radial golden angle acquisition for radiofrequency ablation monitoring
Authors: Yon Maxime , Delcey Marylène , Bour Pierre , Grissom William , Quesson Bruno , Ozenne Valéry
Published: March 2022

The complexity of the MRI protocol is one of the factors limiting the clinical adoption of MR temperature mapping for real-time monitoring of cardiac ablation procedures and a push-button solution would ease its use. Continuous gradient echo golden angle radial acquisition combined with intra-scan motion correction and undersampled temperature determination could be a robust and more user-friendly alternative than the ultrafast GRE-EPI sequence which suffers from sensitivity to magnetic field susceptibility artifacts and requires ECG-gating. The goal of this proof-of-concept work is to establish the temperature uncertainty as well as the spatial and temporal resolutions achievable in an Agar-gel phantom and in vivo using this method. GRE radial golden angle acquisitions were used to monitor RF ablations in a phantom and in vivo in two sheep hearts with different slice orientations. In each case, 2D rigid motion correction based on catheter micro-coil signal, tracking its motion, was performed and its impact on the temperature imaging was assessed. The temperature uncertainty was determined for three spatial resolutions (1 × 1 × 3 mm3, 2 × 2 × 3 mm3, and 3 × 3 × 3 mm3) and three temporal resolutions (0.48, 0.72, and 0.97 s) with undersampling acceleration factors ranging from 2 to 17. The combination of radial golden angle GRE acquisition, simultaneous catheter tracking, intra-scan 2D motion correction, and undersampled thermometry enabled temperature monitoring in the myocardium in vivo during RF ablations with high temporal (< 1 s) and high spatial resolution. The temperature uncertainty ranged from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.2 °C for the various temporal and spatial resolutions and, on average, remained superior to the uncertainty of an EPI acquisition while still allowing clinical monitoring of the RF ablation process. The proposed method is a robust and promising alternative to EPI acquisition to monitor in vivo RF cardiac ablations. Further studies remain required to improve the temperature uncertainty and establish its clinical applicability.
Combinatorial synthesis of heteroepitaxial, multi-cation, thin-films via pulsed laser deposition coupled with in-situ, chemical and structural characterization
Authors: Moon E. J. , Goyal A.
Published: March 2022

Combinatorial synthesis via a continuous composition spread is an excellent route to develop thin-film libraries as it is both time- and cost-efficient. Creating libraries of functional, multicomponent, complex oxide films requires excellent control over the synthesis parameters combined with high-throughput analytical feedback. A reliable, high-throughput, in-situ characterization analysis method is required to meet the crucial need to rapidly screen materials libraries. Here, we report on the combination of two in-situ techniques—(a) Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) for heteroepitaxial characterization and a newly developed compositional analysis technique, low-angle x-ray spectroscopy (LAXS), to map the chemical composition profile of combinatorial heteroepitaxial complex oxide films deposited using a continuous composition spread method via pulsed laser deposition. This is accomplished using a unique state-of-the-art combinatorial growth system with a fully synchronized four-axis mechanical substrate stage without shadow masks, alternating acquisition of chemical compositional data using LAXS at various different positions on the $$\sim$$
∼
41 mm $$\times$$
×
41 mm range and sequential deposition of multilayers of SrTiO$$_3$$

3

and $$\hbox {SrTi}_{0.8}\hbox {Ru}_{0.2}\hbox {O}_3$$

SrTi

0.8

Ru

0.2

O
3

on a 2-inch (50.8 mm) $$\hbox {LaAlO}_3$$

LaAlO
3

wafer in a single growth run. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is used to calibrate and validate the compositions determined by LAXS. This study shows the feasibility of combinatorial synthesis of heteroepitaxial, functional complex oxide films at wafer-scale via two essential in-situ characterization tools—RHEED for structural analysis or heteroepitaxy and LAXS for compositional characterization. This is a powerful technique for development of new films with optimized heteroepitaxy and composition.