bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of hematological and blood chemistry of Persian sturgeon (Asipencer persicus) exposed to two common anticoagulants
Authors: GHOLIPOURKANANI H. , RANJDOOST M. , JAFARYAN H. , YELGHI S.
Published: February 2018

The effects of heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on plasma biochemistry and hematological parameters in Asipencer persicus were studied. Differences in ALT and ALP activity were found between serum and heparinized plasma (P<0.05). AST activity in EDTA treated samples increased (P<0.05) compared to its values in serum. On the contrary, ALP activity showed a significant decrease compared to its serum level (P<0.05). Samples collected with EDTA showed an increase in haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and white blood cells (WBC) values (P<0.05) when compared to those collected in heparin. The other measured biochemical parameters did not show any variation. The present study suggests the use of heparin as a preferred anticoagulant for routine haematological analyses in the Persian sturgeon. However, both of these anticoagulants inflicted changes in selected biochemical parameters.
Ultrasonographic examination of the canine skin: a review
Authors: MANTIS (Π. ΜΑΝΤΗΣ) P. , SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ.Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) M. N.
Published: February 2018

Real time B-mode ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality that does not use radiation and allows examination of various soft tissue structures. For many years it is used in human dermatology and in the last decade it has entered the canine dermatology arena. Based on the frequency employed, cutaneous ultrasonography may be classified as intermediate- (7-15 MHz) or high-frequency (20 MHz or higher). Using intermediate frequency, the ultrasonographic features of normal canine skin are consistent and three distinct visible layers can be seen. Using a 50 MHz transducer, the epidermis and hair follicles are also identified and accurate measurements of skin thickness can be obtained. The aim of this article is to review the available published knowledge regarding ultrasonographic examination of the canine skin.
Effect of increased dietary fiber on hoof lesions of loose housed sows
Authors: SKAMPARDONIS (Β. ΣΚΑΜΠΑΡΔΩΝΗΣ) V. , LISGARA (Μ. ΛΙΣΓΑΡΑ) M. , TZIKA (E. TZHKA) E. D. , LEONTIDES (Λ. ΛΕΟΝΤΙΔΗΣ) L.
Published: February 2018

Loose dry sow housing became mandatory in the European Union from January 2013 onwards. One of the major causes of injuries to sows’ hooves and associated lameness is fighting on concrete/slatted flooring at grouping. Previous studies observed that in sows submitted to feed restriction, feed supplemented with dietary fiber reduced the time spent in the standing position and increased the time spent in the lying position. Therefore, we investigated the effect of increased levels of dietary fiber (7.2-7.5% crude fiber/kg dry matter) on the severity of hoof lesions of group housed sows in three Greek swine herds. The feet of 596 sows were initially examined for lesions upon their entry to the lactation facilities. Lesions scored included hoof hyperkeratinization, erosions or cracks and toe and dew claws overgrowths. When exiting the farrowing facilities they were offered recipes with increased dietary fiber throughout one or two subsequent gestations. Thirty-eight percent were re-examined for feet lesions during the first and sixty-two percent during the second lactation after initial examination. The proportion of sows with at least one lesion on any foot, at first scoring, was more than 95% in all herds. The most frequently and severely affected sites were the heel and the elongated toes and dew claws. The increased dietary fiber had no effect on lesion severity on any of the hoof sites considered.
Keratoma Can Be Treated Successfully With Simple Hoof Surgery: Hoof resection as a simple way to remove keratoma in a horse
Authors: JAWORSKA J.
Published: February 2018

Keratoma is a very rare condition, but if occurs often results in lameness in a horse. Despite its rarity, it is one of the most common reasons to perform foot surgery, because the surgery is the only effective treatment. In this case report diagnosis was based on radiographs of the foot and histopathological findings. There was a repeated debridement of the keratoma performed in the patient. After all the keratoma was removed the mare showed no more lameness.
The bacterial flora of the udder of goats
Authors: TZORA A. , SKOUFOS J. , TSINAS A. , FOTOU K. , KARAMOUTSIOS A. , KALYVA Z. , NIKOLAOU K. , FTHENAKIS G. C.
Published: February 2018

Aims of the study were to identify microbial flora in healthy caprine udders and to evaluate possible sources of principal caprine mastitis pathogens. Samples of teat duct material and mammary secretion from goats in two farms (flock A, polyparous n=30; flock B, polyparous n=60) were collected from both glands, four times during the lactation period. Subsequently, bacteriological investigation took place from 200 udders of slaughtered goats (n=100). Mammary gland skin swabs were examined bacteriologically from one farm (flock C, polyparous n=60) four times, one before and three during the lactation period. In all milk samples, cytological examinations were negative. Conventional bacteriological techniques were used. Bacterial contamination was found in 93% of samples from the skin of the teat, in 44% of teat duct scraping samples, in 6% of teat duct material samples and in 4% of mammary secretion samples. Different bacterial species were isolated, mainly coagulase negative staphylococci. This investigation showed smaller proportion of contamination in the teat canal than in the outer surface of the teat skin, indicating that teat provides innate defensive systems against bacterial invasions.
First successful hand-rearing and release to the wild of two orphan brown bear cubs in Greece
Authors: KOMNENOU A. Th. , KARAMANLIDIS A. A. , KAZAKOS G. M. , KYRIAZIS A. P. , AVGERINOU M. , PAPAKOSTAS G. , STEFANIDIS K. , BEECHAM J. J.
Published: February 2018

The rehabilitation and release of orphan brown bears (Ursus arctos) to the wild is of increasing importance in the conservation and management of the species. In April 2011 two orphan male brown bears were found and rehabilitated for the first time at a dedicated Bear Rehabilitation Centre in Greece. In this case report we describe in detail the veterinary procedures and the feeding regime followed during the 9-month rehabilitation process. For the release on the 23rd of January 2012 the two bears were anaesthetized with a combination of xylazine and ketamine, and satellite collars were placed on them for post-release monitoring. Eight hours later the bears were anaesthetized with the same mixture for a second time, transported and placed into an artificial den in the wild; recovery from anaesthesia took place without complications. Three months later the bears left the den and started moving in the wider area of northwestern Greece. We conclude that rehabilitation and release of orphan bears is an important tool in the management and conservation of this endangered species in Greece.
The Vascular Arrangement and Main Branches of Arteria Axillaris in Wing of Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)
Authors: BALKAYA H. , OZUDOGRU Z. , OZDEMIR D. , CAN M. , ERBAS E. , KARA H.
Published: February 2018

This study was aimed to determine the vascular arrangement of the wing arteries in the sparrowhawk. For this purpose, wing arteries of eight sparrowhawks were assessed by latex injection method and angiography. Latex injection method was applying to the five materials and barium sulphate solution was injected for angiography in other three materials. It was observed that the arterial blood was mainly provided to the wing by arteria axillaris. The arteria axillaris gave off arteria subscapularis. After branching the arteria subscapularis, it emitted the arteria profunda brachii and arteria supracoracoidea. After ramifying these vessel, the arteria axillaris continued down arteria brachialis. This vessel was giving off the arteria circumflexa humeri from its cranial aspect. In the nearby the cubital fossa the arteria brachialis bifurcated arteria ulnaris and arteria radialis. The arteria ulnaris gave off common stem of arteria recurrens ulnaris et arteria ulnaris profunda. After branching the common stem, the arteria ulnaris proceeded as arteria ulnaris superficialis. The arteria radialis was the deep terminate branch of the arteria brachialis. This vessel bifurcated the arteria radialis profunda and arteria radialis superficialis.
Production of low-salt restructured Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) using microbial transglutaminase/caseinate system
Authors: TZIKAS (Ζ. ΤΖΗΚΑΣ) Z. , SOULTOS (Ν. ΣΟΥΛΤΟΣ) N. , AMBROSIADIS (Ι. ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑΔΗΣ) I. , LAZARIDOU (Α. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΟΥ) A. , GEORGAKIS (ΣΠ. ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΗΣ) SP.
Published: February 2018

Low-salt restructured fish products without cooking were prepared from Mediterranean horse mackerel using varying levels of NaCl (0-control, 10 and 20 g/Kg) and microbial transglutaminase (MTG) (0-control, 5 and 10 g/Kg). Restructured products with the highest textural strength and sensory acceptability were obtained at 1% MTG and 2% NaCl. The use of MTG made the low salt (1%) product comparable to one prepared with 2% NaCl only. WHC was not affected by MTG at 0% NaCl. The microbiological analysis (Total Viable Bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae) suggests a relatively short shelf-life (< 4 days) at refrigeration temperature (2±2ºC). The cooked restructured products received more favourable scores with increased levels of MTG and NaCl.
Effects of aflatoxins on male reproductive system: A review
Authors: KOUROUSEKOS (Γ.Δ. ΚΟΥΡΟΥΣΕΚΟΣ) G. D. , THEODOSIADOU (ΑΙΚ. Κ ΘΕΟΔΟΣΙΑΔΟΥ) E. Κ.
Published: February 2018

Mycotoxins constitute toxic substances produced by certain species of fungi. Among other mycotoxins, aflatoxins are considered to be really dangerous, since they are characterized as carcinogenic for animals and humans. The consumption of aflatoxins through feeds or foods could lead to deleterious effects on animals’ or humans’ health. Research on animals has shown that the general body condition as well as some of the blood parameters, mainly those of the liver could be negatively affected with aflatoxin administration. Regarding the reproductive system, although not extensively studied, some investigators support the negative effects of aflatoxins either on females or on males. More specifically, in male, the size and weight of the genital organs, the spermatogenesis, the number, the motility and the morphology of sperm cells as well as hormones’ concentrations could be affected after exposure of the animals to aflatoxins, making infertility problems more frequent. Most studies refer to laboratory and less to productive animals, while only two studies refer to the possible problems of infertility on men due to aflatoxins. Since reproduction consists one of the most important sectors of animal husbandry, special attention should be paid to nutrition so that the possibility of the aflatoxin consumption by animals would be eliminated, the animal health especially regarding the reproductive system would be protected and economic losses would be ameliorated.
Risk analysis factors for local recurrence in Ewing’s sarcoma
Authors: Albergo J. I. , Gaston C. L. L. , Parry M. C. , Laitinen M. K. , Jeys L. M. , Tillman R. M. , Abudu A. T. , Grimer R. J.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to analyse a group of patients with non-metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma at presentation and identify prognostic factors affecting the development of local recurrence, in order to assess the role of radiotherapy.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective review of all patients with a Ewing’s sarcoma treated between 1980 and 2012 was carried out. Only those treated with chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiotherapy were included. Patients were grouped according to site (central or limb) for further analysis of the prognostic factors.

Results

A total of 388 patients were included in the study. Of these, 60 (15%) developed local recurrence at a mean median of 27 months (sd 24, range 7 to 150) and the five-year local recurrence-free survival (5yrLRFS) was 83%. For central tumours, the size of the tumour and histological response to chemotherapy were found to be significant factors for local recurrence. For limb tumours, local recurrence was affected by intralesional and marginal resections, but not by the histological response to chemotherapy. Radiotherapy in those with a marginal resection reduced the risk of local recurrence (5yrLRFS: 96% versus 81%, p = 0.044).

Conclusion

Local recurrence significantly affects the overall survival in patients with a Ewing’s sarcoma. For those with a tumour in a limb, radiotherapy reduced the risk of local recurrence, especially in those with a marginal margin of excision, but the effect in central tumours was less clear. Radiotherapy for those who have had a wide margin of resection does not reduce the risk of local recurrence, regardless of the histological response to chemotherapy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B: 247–55.
The challenge of Monteggia-like lesions of the elbow
Authors: Jungbluth P. , Tanner S. , Schneppendahl J. , Grassmann J-P. , Wild M. , Hakimi M. , Windolf J. , Laun R.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to evaluate mid-term results of the operative treatment of Monteggia-like lesions and to determine the prognostic factors that influence the clinical and radiological outcome.

Patients and Methods

A total of 46 patients (27 women and 19 men), with a mean age of 57.7 years (18 to 84) who had sustained a Monteggia-like lesion were followed up clinically and radiologically after surgical treatment. The Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Broberg and Morrey Score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were used for evaluation at a mean of 65 months (27 to 111) postoperatively. All ulnar fractures were stabilized using a proximally contoured or precontoured locking compression plate. Mason type I fractures of the radial head were treated conservatively, type II fractures were treated with reconstruction, and type III fractures with arthroplasty. All Morrey type II and III fractures of the coronoid process was stabilized using lag screws.

Results

Good results were found for the MMWS, with a mean of 88.4 (40 to 100). There were 29 excellent results (63%), nine good (20%), seven satisfactory (15%), and one poor (2%). Excellent results were obtained for the MEPS, with a mean of 90.7 (70 to 100): 31 excellent results (68%), 13 good (28%), and two fair (4%). Good results were also found for the functional rating index of Broberg and Morrey, with a mean score of 86.6 (57 to 100). There were 16 excellent results (35%), 22 good (48%), six fair (13%), and two poor (4%). The mean DASH score was 15.1 (0 to 55.8). Two patients had delayed wound healing; four patients had nonunion requiring bone grafting. One patient had asymptomatic loosening of the radial head prosthesis.

Conclusion

Monteggia-like lesions are rare. With correct identification, classification, and understanding using CT scans followed by appropriate surgical treatment that addresses all components of the injury, good to excellent mid-term results can be achieved. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:212–18.
Can next generation sequencing play a role in detecting pathogens in synovial fluid?
Authors: Tarabichi M. , Shohat N. , Goswami K. , Parvizi J.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection can be difficult due to the high rate of culture-negative infections. The aim of this study was to assess the use of next-generation sequencing for detecting organisms in synovial fluid.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective, single-blinded study, 86 anonymized samples of synovial fluid were obtained from patients undergoing aspiration of the hip or knee as part of the investigation of a periprosthetic infection. A panel of synovial fluid tests, including levels of C-reactive protein, human neutrophil elastase, total neutrophil count, alpha-defensin, and culture were performed prior to next-generation sequencing.

Results

Of these 86 samples, 30 were alpha-defensin-positive and culture-positive (Group I), 24 were alpha-defensin-positive and culture-negative (Group II) and 32 were alpha-defensin-negative and culture-negative (Group III). Next-generation sequencing was concordant with 25 results for Group I. In four of these, it detected antibiotic resistant bacteria whereas culture did not. In another four samples with relatively low levels of inflammatory biomarkers, culture was positive but next-generation sequencing was negative. A total of ten samples had a positive next-generation sequencing result and a negative culture. In five of these, alpha-defensin was positive and the levels of inflammatory markers were high. In the other five, alpha-defensin was negative and the levels of inflammatory markers were low. While next-generation sequencing detected several organisms in each sample, in most samples with a higher probability of infection, there was a predominant organism present, while in those presumed not to be infected, many organisms were identified with no predominant organism.

Conclusion

Pathogens causing periprosthetic infection in both culture-positive and culture-negative samples of synovial fluid could be identified by next-generation sequencing. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:127–33.
Mid-term outcomes of routine proximal row carpectomy compared with proximal row carpectomy with dorsal capsular interposition arthroplasty for the treatment of late-stage arthropathy of the wrist
Authors: Gaspar M. P. , Pham P. P. , Pankiw C. D. , Jacoby S. M. , Shin E. K. , Osterman A. L. , Kane P. M.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to compare the mid-term outcomes of patients with late-stage arthritis of the wrist treated with proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and dorsal capsular interposition (DCI) arthroplasty with a matched cohort treated with routine PRC alone.

Patients and Methods

A total of 25 arthritic wrists (24 patients) with pre-existing degenerative changes of the proximal capitate and/or the lunate fossa of the radius were treated with PRC + DCI over a ten-year period. This group of patients were matched 1:2 with a group of 50 wrists (48 patients) without degenerative changes in the capitate or lunate fossa that were treated with a routine PRC alone during the same period. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 56.8 years (25 to 81), and the demographics and baseline range of movement of the wrist, grip strength, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score were similar in both groups.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 5.9 years (1.8 to 11.8), significant improvements in mean grip strength, the flexion-extension arc of movement of the wrist, QuickDASH, and PRWE scores were seen in both groups. There was no diifference between the groups for any of the outcomes. One patient in the PRC + DCI group required additional surgery for a deep infection, while two in the PRC group had complications (one wound dehiscence requiring revision closure, one transient radial sensory neuritis). One patient in each group required total arthrodesis of the wrist for progressive degenerative radiocarpal changes. A total of 70 patients (93%) were satisfied with the outcomes.

Conclusion

PRC with DCI is an effective form of treatment for late-stage arthritis of the wrist involving the capitolunate joint, with mid-term outcomes that are similar to those in patients without degenerative changes affecting the capitate or lunate fossa who are treated with a routine PRC alone. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:197–204.
Assessing Character Strengths in Youth With Intellectual Disability: Reliability and Factorial Validity of the VIA-Youth
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Shaw Leslie A. , Raley Sheida K. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Niemiec Ryan M. , Adkins Megan
Published: February 2018

This article reports the results of an examination of the endorsement, reliability, and factorial validity of the VIA–Youth and assessment of character strengths and virtues developed for the general population in youth with and without intellectual disability. Findings suggest that, generally, youth with intellectual disability endorsed character strengths as being like them at lower levels, although few differences were significant. Issues related to measurement, particularly the establishment of measurement invariance, emerged for some virtues. Reliability of the scale was similar across the two groups. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The Perceived Role of Direct Support Professionals in the Health Promotion Efforts of Adults With Developmental Disabilities Receiving Support Services
Authors: Leser Kendall A. , Pirie Phyllis L. , Ferketich Amy K. , Havercamp Susan M. , Wewers Mary Ellen
Published: February 2018

Direct support professionals (DSPs) play a large social role in the lives of people with developmental disabilities (DD) and have the potential to influence their health behaviors. Six qualitative focus groups (n = 48) were conducted with DD community agency administrators, DSPs, family members and adults with DD to better understand the perceived role of DSPs in the health promotion efforts of those with DD. Findings from this study suggest that DSPs experience several barriers when trying to promote the health of those with DD, one of which is fear of violating the rights of people with DD. Future work should identify ways to overcome the barriers experienced by DSPs, so that they can better assist people with DD with health promotion efforts.
Use of Transition Resources by Primary Care Providers for Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Dressler Paul B. , Nguyen Teresa K. , Moody Eric J. , Friedman Sandra L. , Pickler Laura
Published: February 2018

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience difficulties with successful transition from pediatric to adult healthcare. A consultative Transition Clinic for youth with IDD was piloted as a quality improvement project, and assessed the engagement of primary care providers (PCPs) for transition planning after patients were seen in clinic. Although many PCPs found the clinic and resources useful, individual and systemic barriers often prohibited them from participating in transition planning for this patient population. These findings highlight systemic barriers that need to be addressed to ensure successful transition, as well as the need for a specialized Transition Clinic with involvement of specialists with expertise in IDD, such as Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, to assist throughout transition process.
La extensión universitaria y la universidad latinoamericana: hacia un nuevo “orden de anticipación” a 100 años de la revuelta estudiantil de Córdoba
Authors: Cano Menoni Agustín
Published: February 2018

Extensión universitaria; Reforma universitaria; Universidad latinoamericana
Resignificación de la extensión a 100 años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918
Authors: Menéndez Gustavo
Published: February 2018

Reforma Universitaria; Conceptos de extensión universitaria; Dimensiones de la extensión; Agenda de extensión
La extensión universitaria argentina desde la promoción y evaluación estatal
Authors: Negro Mariano Damián , Gómez Julieta Clara
Published: February 2018

Extensión universitaria; Evaluación institucional; Promoción de la extensión; CONEAU; Recomendaciones
Caminhos da integração das universidades brasileiras e latino-americanas
Authors: De Deus Sandra
Published: February 2018

Extensão universitária; Educação superior; Latino-americanização.
La interpelación de la Reforma Universitaria a la agenda de la Red Nacional de Extensión Universitaria argentina
Authors: Itoiz Juan Pablo
Published: February 2018

Reforma Universitaria; Red Nacional de Extensión Universitaria; Extensión universitaria; Agenda nacional de extensión
Extensión universitaria en Chile: discursos y prácticas sobrevivientes
Authors: González López Boris
Published: February 2018

Extensión universitaria; Vinculación con el medio; Dictadura cívico militar; Ecología de saberes; Modelos de extensión
Espacios de Formación Integral: transformaciones y desafíos para la enseñanza y la docencia de Ciencias Económicas y Administración
Authors: Castillo Jimena , Correa Natalia , Parentelli Varenka , Romero Melina
Published: February 2018

Espacios de Formación Integral; Modalidades pedagógicas alternativas; Concepciones docentes; Desafíos en la docencia universitaria
Superar el racismo oculto e interculturizar las universidades. Experiencias, avances y desafíos
Authors: Mato Daniel
Published: February 2018

Universidad; Racismo oculto; Interculturalidad; Pueblos indígenas; Afrodescendientes
La extensión universitaria como herramienta de intervención en los conflictos socioambientales
Authors: Gutiérrez María de los Ángeles , Yanniello Florencia , Elisio Santiago , Andrinolo Darío
Published: February 2018

Conflictos ambientales; Extensión universitaria; Programa Ambiental de Extensión Universitaria
Formación docente y narrativas pedagógicas: una apuesta de trabajo en red desde la extensión universitaria
Authors: Suárez Daniel Hugo , Dávila Paula Valeria , Argnani Agustina , Caressa Yanina
Published: February 2018

Formación docente; Documentación narrativa; Trabajo en red; Investigación (auto)biográfica y narrativa
Investigación y extensión universitaria. Gestión de aguas subterráneas en la comunidad de Catacocha, Ecuador
Authors: Gonzaga Vallejo Sonia Lorena , Serrano Ojeda José Antonio , Benavides Muñoz Holger Manuel
Published: February 2018

Formación; Investigación; Extensión; Comunidad; Aguas subterráneas
Compromiso Social Universitario. De la universidad posible a la universidad necesaria.
Authors: Alvez María Soledad
Published: February 2018

La Agremiación Docente Universitaria Marplatense (ADUM), a través de su Centro de Estudios Sociales y Sindicales (CeSyS), presenta el libro Compromiso Social Universitario. De la universidad posible a la universidad necesaria, editado por IEC–CONADU. En él se continúa el análisis planteado en publicaciones anteriores con relación a la misión social de la universidad en Argentina y América Latina y el Caribe desde nuevas perspectivas, de cara a cumplirse el primer centenario de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918.
The Effects of Dietary Whey Lactose and Lactobacillus Agilis Bacteria on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Conditions of the Digestive Tract and the Caecal Microbial Ecology of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Szczurek Witold , Alloui Mohamed Nabil , Józefiak Damian
Published: February 2018

The principal goal of this study was to assess the responses of broiler chickens raised on floor litter to the 2% dietary level of lactose (LAC) originating from dried whey fed in combination with live culture of Lactobacillus agilis bacteria (90 million cells/kg diet) in terms of the performance and basic postslaughter parameters, the lumen pH in some alimentary tract segments, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA ) in the total (T) and undissociated (UD) forms and count of selected microbial populations in the caeca determined by fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH). A parallel aim was to evaluate the outcomes from the combined supplementation in comparison with feeding of LAC and the L. agilis bacteria as separate dietary supplements. Six hundred and forty Ross 308 chickens were placed in 16 floor pens (40 birds per pen having equal sex ratio) and were provided with free access to the feed (a mash maize-wheat-soybean meal-based diet) and water. Dietary treatments provided from day 8 to 42 of age were: LAC-free basal diet (CON), LAC-containing diet (CON + LAC), LAC-free diet with the addition of L. agilis (CON + BAC) and LAC-containing diet with addition of L. agilis (CON + LAC + BAC). The LAC supplementation caused significant decreases in the luminal pH of the crop, ileum and caeca, and the addition of the L. agilis bacteria reduced the pH in the crop and caeca. The overall concentration of total (T) volatile fatty acids was higher in the caeca of broilers receiving the LAC-containing diets. Both the LAC and the BAC supplements, independently from one another, resulted in significantly greater caecal levels of UD acetate, propionate and butyrate. The FISH analysis revealed that counts of Bacteroides sp./Prevotella sp. group were higher after the inclusion of LAC in the feed. All three dietary supplementations significantly reduced the total counts of the family Enterobacteriaceae and decreased the number of naturally occurring C. perfringens bacteria compared with the basal control diet (CON). Neither LAC inclusion nor BAC addition to the diet affected the counts of the Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group. The synergistic effects of the simultaneous supplementation of LAC and L. agilis were found on the T butyrate concentration and on C. perfringens and the Enterobacteriaceae counts. No improvements in the body weight gains and post-slaughter traits were observed due to uncombined and combined supplementation with 2% LAC and L. agilis, indicating that the shifts in composition of the caecal microbiota toward a healthier composition by using these additives were not large enough to create the positive growth rate and processing yields responses in broilers maintained in a litter-floor environment.
Relations Among Poor Sleep, Anxiety and Depression Among the Students of Health Sciences
Authors: Jurgita Andruškienė , Šarūnė Barsevičienė , Asta Mažionienė , Akvilė Virbalienė
Published: February 2018

The research in the area of health sciences students’ sleep quality and mood disorders is lacking in Lithuania, as well as other European countries. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence of poor sleep, anxiety and depression among the students according to the study programmes and to assess the relations among poor sleep, depression and anxiety. The study sample consisted of 672 Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences students (95.5% were female), from 18 to 46 years of age. Sleep quality was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, anxiety by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sociodemographic questions were used. The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to estimate association between categorical variables. P-values less than 0.05 were interpreted as statistically significant. Poor sleep was more prevalent among Beauty Therapy (26.4%, 95% CI 22.2-30.56) and Nursing (21.3%, 95% CI 17.42 – 25.17) students, as compared with persons studying in Oral Health programmes (14.8%, 95% CI 11.46 – 18.17), p<0.05. Depression mean score was higher in Beauty Therapy students (4.76), as compared to Oral Health (3.69) students, p<0.05. Beauty Therapy (9.99) or Physiotherapy students (8.24) had higher anxiety mean score, as compared to Oral Health students (7.14), p<0.05. Anxiety mean score was significantly higher (8.45) among the ones with disturbed sleep, as compared to normally sleeping students (5.86), p<0.001. Depression mean score (4.77) was higher among the students having disturbed sleep, as compared to the students which sleep was not disturbed (2.87), p<0.001. Poor sleep and anxiety were more prevalent among the students aged 20 years and older as compared to the students, aged 18 and 19 years. Second and third year students more often had poor sleep or anxiety as compared to the first-year students. Poor sleep and anxiety were more common among Beauty Therapy and Physiotherapy students than among Oral Health Students. Among the students who slept poorly, symptoms of anxiety and depression were statistically significantly more frequent than those students whose sleep was not disturbed. Depression and anxiety mean scores were statistically significantly higher among the students who had poor sleep, as compared to the ones who had normal sleep, in all age and year of studying groups.
Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn Tabrīzī and the Establishment of Mongol Rule in Iran
Authors: Zakrzewski Daniel
Published: February 2018

Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn Tabrīzī (d. 668/1269–70) was one of the most important individuals to the establishment of Mongol rule in Iran. His biography illustrates like few others not only themes of mobility and cross-cultural contacts across Eurasia but also the importance of local elites to the formation of the empire of Chinggis Khan and his descendants. Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn belonged to a notable family of Tabriz and served as governor of his native city soon after the definitive Mongol conquest of 628/1231. He traveled to Mongolia in 649/1251 and was put in charge of implementing a revised imperial taxation system in northwestern Iran by Great Khan Möngke. Then Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn remained a key player in the financial administration of the emerging Ilkhanate as Möngke’s brother Hülegü asserted his claims to the northwestern core area of Mongol Iran against his enemies from the house of Jochi. Despite connections of Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn’s family to the Jochids, he continued as governor of Tabriz where he also acted as a patron of Persian literature until his death. So far Malik Ṣadr al-Dīn has gone almost unnoticed in historical scholarship.
From the West to the East, from the Sky to the Earth: A Biography of Jamāl al-Dīn
Authors: Yang Qiao
Published: February 2018

Jamāl al-Dīn (Zhamaluding 札馬魯丁 d. ca.1289) is probably the most successful and best-documented Muslim astronomer who was active in the Mongol Yuan court. He migrated from Central or West Asia to China and introduced Islamic astronomical, geographical and cartographic knowledge into China. In spite of his high official position and the honorable titles that were granted to him, his biographic information in Chinese sources is scattered, and there is uncertainty in identifying him in non-Chinese sources. This paper attempts to reconstruct Jamāl al-Dīn’s life and activities by an in-depth reading and interpretation of the biographic information, supplementing and enriching it with biographies of Jamāl al-Dīn’s contemporary astronomers in the Mongol Empire. This article argues that Jamāl al-Dīn achieved success and honor due to his knowledge in various fields that interested the Mongols, his correct reading of the imperial ideology and the political map, and the extensive social networks he built for himself during the decades he lived in China.
Faeces and the Old Sole of a Shoe: Remedies of the Dreckapotheke
Authors: Maurer Petra
Published: February 2018

In Tibetan horse medicine, the so-called Dreckapotheke remedies were very commonly an added ingredient in the preparation of remedies. In traditional Tibetan medicine, the medical ingredients are classified according to their origin. A category called Dreckapotheke however does not exist and there is no direct equivalent in the Tibetan language for this term. Nevertheless, Tibetan medicine identifies many ingredients that can be categorised as such, among these excrement, dirt and filth. Many of these that are introduced here are not used these days, and may never have been at all. The analysis of how this type of medicine is described in the Tibetan texts in this article is divided into several sections.

After a general introduction to these types of ingredients, I provide a short description of the manuscripts on Tibetan horse medicine that survey diseases and treatments. This is followed by a survey of the Dreckapotheke remedies as outlined in chapter twenty of the most authoritative Tibetan text on human medicine, the Four Tantras (rGyud bzhi) with its commentary by the regent of the Fifth Dalai Lama Sanggye Gyatso (Sangs rgyas rgya mtsho). The main part of the article describes the use of these substances as found in the texts on horse medicine. I introduce its use in the German tradition, discuss the origin of these remedies and the naming of the ingredients. This article provides the basis for further research on the Dreckapotheke remedies.
Self-Access Learning in Medical English (ME)
Authors: Pop Anişoara , Paşcan Aurora
Published: February 2018

Individual learning is a pre-requisite of formal ME credit allocation in higher education (HE), albeit this may be hard to document and quantify. Edmodo-enhanced self-access learning can be customized to accommodate different learning styles, form basic learning skills and field-specific subskills, extend and expand the students’ medical language use, while also meeting the desiderata of independent curriculum-stipulated learning that can thus be exploited and demonstrated. The paper will reflect on the design of ME multimedia assignments as well as the quantitative and qualitative results, motivation and attitude of a group of medical students working on Edmodo self-access ME learning as part of a class research project for two years.
Translation Studies and Corpus Linguistics: Introducing the Pannonia Corpus
Authors: Robin Edina , Götz Andrea , Pataky Éva , Szegh Henriette
Published: February 2018

The tools of corpus linguistics have become indispensable for research in descriptive translation studies (DTS), which aims to describe the characteristics of the translation process, and translational texts. Machinereadable corpora of translated texts are crucially important since they can yield statistically significant results that underpin the findings of empirical studies. Baker’s (1993) seminal paper gave new impetus to translation research as it has re-calibrated the goals of DTS to study and uncover the particular properties of the so-called “third code” (Frawley 1984), i.e. the language of translated texts, with the help of computerized corpora. The present study, after providing a brief overview of international and Hungarian corpus linguistic research, introduces the Pannonia Corpus Project developed by Eötvös Loránd University’s Translation Studies Doctoral Programme, which was created to make a Hungarian translation corpus, containing millions of words, available for translation researchers. The Pannonia Corpus (PC) is a multi-modal corpus: it contains translated, interpreted, and audiovisual texts. It represents a diverse array of texts of specialized and literary genres, reflecting modern language use and the current state of the translation industry. The PC provides researchers with a vital opportunity as its multimodality, diverse textual make-up, and substantial size are unparalleled in the Hungarian context. Until now, there were no large corpora available to researchers that could have facilitated qualitative as well as quantitative research, satisfying the demands of modern translation studies research in Hungary.
Technology Parks in Poland As an Element of Public Proinnovation Policy—Selected Results from Empirical Research
Authors: Wróblewski Marek , Kwieciński Leszek
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, regional pro-innovation policy concentrates on the creation of endogenous economic resources that are intended to become the main driving force for regional economic growth. In current economic conditions, this resource refers primarily to the paradigm of the knowledge economy. Hence the crucial importance of regional policy is to support the development of innovative enterprises. At the same time, a prerequisite for the more dynamic development of innovative enterprises, and thus the development of the region, is to implement efficient pro-innovation policy instruments. Therefore the main research aim of this paper is to define how the technology parks in Poland, as a regional tool of the public pro-innovation policy, could stimulate innovations as well as competitiveness of SME. The article will be based mostly on the empirical approach, presenting selected results of the nationwide research project financed by the National Science Centre of Poland. The obtained initial empirical data suggest that technology parks in Poland expand highly-specialized services for their tenant enterprises to a very limited extent and focus on basic and routine aspects of their operations (rental, day-to-day administration of premises and equipment etc). In effect, the technology parks in Poland have played so far a very limited role in practice as a stimulus of innovativeness of SME. The study used the method of systemic analysis and also the empirical method (PAPI) for primary data collections.
Power, Ideas Or Mere Coincidence? Considering the End of the Cold War In Material, Ideational and Coincidental Perspective
Authors: Więcławski Jacek
Published: February 2018

This article refers to debates explaining the end of the Cold War. It notes a variety of theoretical approaches but outlines two fundamental explanatory perspectives-the material and the ideational. The paper favours the ideational approach, and especially Gorbachev’s agency. Yet it underlines that the focus on agency does not automatically mean that an agent acted rationally and efficiently. The case of Gorbachev is a good illustration of partial reforms which were far from consistent. As a result, the article indicates a third, coincidental perspective which is necessary to an explanation of the end of the Cold War. It argues that elements of irrationality and coincidence cannot be ignored in the analysis of events accompanying the end of the bipolar rivalry. Finally, the paper formulates some conclusions about the rationality and predictability of contemporary international relations.
Methodological Issues in Measuring Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Said-Metwaly Sameh , Noortgate Wim Van den , Kyndt Eva
Published: February 2018

The growing body of creativity research has raised several challenging issues with regard to the measurement of this construct. This paper aims to provide a review of current challenging methodological issues related to measuring creativity. Five methodological issues are discussed: selecting measurement instruments, sampling, testing conditions, psychometric properties and domain-generality/specificity of creativity. This paper reveals that there remain a number of unresolved issues and serious questions surrounding the measurement of creativity. Research gaps and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Provenance study of detrital garnets and rutiles from basaltic pyroclastic rocks of Southern Slovakia (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Nemec Ondrej , Huraiová Monika
Published: February 2018

Detrital garnets and rutiles have been recovered from basaltic pyroclastic rocks in the northern part of the Pannonian Basin and characterized using electron probe microanalysis and imaging. All garnets are dominated by the almandine component, except for one sample dominated by spessartine. A total of three garnet groups have been distinguished according to the increased contents of grossular (Group I), pyrope (Group II) and spessartine components (Group III). Compositions of the group I and II garnets with fluctuating Ca- and relatively low Mg contents are consistent with low- to medium-grade metasediments and/or metabasites. Locally increased Mg contents could indicate higherP–Tmetamorphic overprint. The dominantly metamorphic origin of the Group I and II garnets (composed of >99 % of samples) is also corroborated by chlorite, tourmaline, staurolite, ilmenite and andalusite inclusions. Spessartine-rich garnets (Group III composed of <1 % of samples) could be genetically linked with granitoids. Detrital rutiles invariably plot within the field of metasediments metamorphosed under amphibolite-facies conditions. Possible proximal (subjacent basement sampled by ascending lava) or distal sources (catchment sediments from uplifted Central Carpathian basement) of heavy mineral assemblages are discussed.
Petrographic and biomarker analysis of xylite-rich coal from the Kolubara and Kostolac lignite basins (Pannonian Basin, Serbia)
Authors: Đoković Nataša , Mitrović Danica , Životić Dragana , Bechtel Achim , Sachsenhofer Reinhard F. , Stojanović Ksenija
Published: February 2018

The maceral and biomarker characteristics of 4 sublithotypes of xylite-rich coal (SXCs), pale yellow, dark yellow, brown and black, originating from the Kolubara and Kostolac lignite basins were determined. Based on these results, differences in sources and changes of organic matter (OM) resulting in formation of 4 SXCs were established. Conifers (particularly Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Pinacea) had a significant impact on the precursor OM of all SXCs. The contribution of gymnosperm vs. angiosperm vegetation decreased in order pale yellow SXC>dark yellow SXC>brown SXC>black SXC. The distribution of non-hopanoid triterpenoids indicates that change of SXC colour from yellow to black is associated with reduced input of angiosperm plants from the Betulacea family. Differences in hopane distribution, bitumen content, proportion of short-chainn-alkanes and degree of aromatization of di- and triterpenoids of pale yellow SXC are controlled by microbial communities which took part in the diagenetic alteration of OM. The content of total huminites increased from black to pale yellow SXC, whereas contents of total liptinite and inertinite macerals showed the opposite trend. SXCs differ according to textinite/ulminite ratio, which sharply decreased from pale yellow to black SXC, reflecting increase in gelification of woody tissue. Regarding the composition of liptinite macerals, the SXCs mostly differ according to resinite/liptodetrinite and resinite/suberinite ratios, which are higher in yellow than in brown and black SXC. This result along with values ofTOC/Nratio and Carbon Preference Index indicate that the contribution of well preserved woody material, including lignin tissue vs. the impact of epicuticular waxes decreased from yellow to black SXC.
Lower Badenian coarse-grained Gilbert deltas in the southern margin of the Western Carpathian Foredeep basin
Authors: Nehyba Slavomír
Published: February 2018

Two coarse-grained Gilbert-type deltas in the Lower Badenian deposits along the southern margin of the Western Carpathian Foredeep (peripheral foreland basin) were newly interpreted. Facies characterizing a range of depositional processes are assigned to four facies associations — topset, foreset, bottomset and offshore marine pelagic deposits. The evidence of Gilbert deltas within open marine deposits reflects the formation of a basin with relatively steep margins connected with a relative sea level fall, erosion and incision. Formation, progradation and aggradation of the thick coarse-grained Gilbert delta piles generally indicate a dramatic increase of sediment supply from the hinterland, followed by both relatively continuous sediment delivery and an increase in accommodation space. Deltaic deposition is terminated by relatively rapid and extended drowning and is explained as a transgressive event. The lower Gilbert delta was significantly larger, more areally extended and reveals a more complicated stratigraphic architecture than the upper one. Its basal surface represents a sequence boundary and occurs around the Karpatian/Badenian stratigraphic limit. Two coeval deltaic branches were recognized in the lower delta with partly different stratigraphic arrangements. This different stratigraphic architecture is mostly explained by variations in the sediment delivery and /or predisposed paleotopography and paleobathymetry of the basin floor. The upper delta was recognized only in a restricted area. Its basal surface represents a sequence boundary probably reflecting a higher order cycle of a relative sea level rise and fall within the Lower Badenian. Evidence of two laterally and stratigraphically separated coarse-grained Gilbert deltas indicates two regional/basin wide transgressive/regressive cycles, but not necessarily of the same order. Provenance analysis reveals similar sources of both deltas. Several partial source areas were identified (Mesozoic carbonates of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Western Carpathians, crystalline rocks of the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif, older sedimentary infill of the Carpathian Foredeep and/or the North Alpine Foreland Basin, sedimentary rocks of the Western Carpathian/Alpine Flysch Zone).