bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectory tracking control of failure satellite with actuator jumping fault
Authors: LU Yang , CAI Bin , QIAO Daopeng , FU Yanming , ZHANG Maorui
Published: June 2022

This paper studied the trajectory tracking control of a failure satellite that has actuator jumping fault. It proposed a design method based on the jumping control input for the model reference tracking controller. By comb-ining the stochastic stability definition with model reference tracking, it gave the mathematical descriptions of the trajectory tracking control of the failure satellite. It used the linear matrix inequality method and the parametric solution method of the nonhomogeneous generalized Sylvester matrix equation to design the robust H∞ state feedback control law and the complete parametric feed-forward tracking compensator respectively, with the disturbance of the failure satellite and its thrust constraint considered simultaneously. The numerical simulation results on the model of the satellite rendezvous system show that the design method proposed in this paper is effective.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie des Klinikums der Universität München: Patientenversorgung, Lehre und Forschung in der gesamten fachlichen Breite
Authors: Prinz Jörg C. , French Lars E.
Published: June 2022

Die Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie des Klinikums der Universität München vertritt die gesamte Breite der akademischen Medizin in Patientenversorgung, Forschung und Lehre. Sie hat mit dem ersten dermatologischen Lehrstuhl im Jahr 1863 die universitäre Dermatologie Deutschlands begründet. Herausragende Münchner Ordinarien haben seitdem zum internationalen Ruf der deutschen Dermatologie beigetragen. Mit den zwei Trägerschaften aus Universität und der Stadt München (MÜK) beinhaltet sie eine große Poliklinik mit jährlich nahezu 100 000 Kontakten, ein Bettenhaus mit 104 stationären Betten, jeweils eine große stationäre und ambulante operative Abteilung, die Tagesklinik sowie verschiedene Spezialabteilungen und -sprechstunden. Sie erlauben eine vielschichtige, hochqualitative und spezialisierte Patientenversorgung. Die Forschung mit Studienzentren sowie klinisch und experimentell orientierten Forschergruppen zu verschiedenen Schwerpunkten ermöglicht eine stete Weiterentwicklung des medizinischen Standards und des pathophysiologischen Wissens und sichert den wissenschaftlichen Ruf der Klinik über die Grenzen hinaus. Ein strukturiertes Weiterbildungsprogramm für die Assistentinnen und Assistenten garantiert eine klinisch vielschichtige Facharztausbildung. Die Lehre erlaubt durch Hauptvorlesung, Seminare, Tutorials und Unterricht am Krankenbett mit über 1300 jährlich abgehaltenen Lehrstunden für die Studierenden einen strukturierten Einblick in das Fach der Dermatologie. Hinzu kommen dermatologische Vorlesungen für die Zahnmediziner sowie zur Berufsdermatologie. Hiermit ist die Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie des Klinikums der Universität München eine der größten dermatologischen akademischen Einrichtungen ihrer Art, nicht nur in Deutschland.
Cardiovascular Regulation During Acute Gravitational Changes with Exhaling on Exertion
Authors: Latscha Rina , Koschate Jessica , Bloch Wilhelm , Werner Andreas , Hoffmann Uwe
Published: June 2022

During gravitational changes or changes in the direction of action in relation to the body, fluid displacements can be observed. In special cases different breathing maneuvers (e. g., exhaling on exertion; Ex-Ex) are used to counteract acute fluid shifts. Both factors have a significant impact on cardiovascular regulation. Eight healthy male subjects were tested on a tilt seat, long arm human centrifuge, and parabolic flight. The work aims to investigate the effect of exhaling on exertion on the cardiovascular regulation during acute gravitational changes compared to normal breathing. Possible interactions and differences between conditions (Ex-Ex, normal breathing) for the parameters V’O 2 , V’ E , HR, and SV were analysed over a 40 s period by a three-way ANOVA. Significant (p≤0.05) effects for all main factors and interactions between condition and time as well as maneuver and time were found for all variables. The exhaling on exertion maneuver had a significant influence on the cardiovascular response during acute gravitational and positional changes. For example, the significant increase of V’O2 at the end of the exhalation on exertion maneuver indicates an increased lung circulation as a result of the maneuver.
Preoperative Metal Patch Testing and Titanium Bar Use Criteria in Nuss Procedure: A 56-Patients' Cohort Study
Authors: Pereira-Nunes Joana , Vasconcelos-Castro Sofia , Fontoura-Matias José , Preto-Gomes Nuno , Marinho-Cunha Ana , Soares-Oliveira Miguel
Published: June 2022

Introduction Nuss procedure is the main reason for metal implants use by pediatric and thoracic surgeons. There is an ongoing debate on how to avoid allergic complications. Herein we describe our 8-year experience with systematic preoperative metal patch testing and our selective titanium bar use in Nuss procedure.

Materials and Methods This is a single center retrospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent the Nuss procedure from 2013 to 2020. Preoperative metal patch testing was done in all cases. Criteria for titanium bar utilization were: a positive test for a major component of the stainless-steel bar; or a positive metal patch test and a positive history of atopy, food or metal allergy, or previous allergic reaction to an implant or device.

Results In total, 56 patients were included. Most were male (91.1%) with a median age of 15.0 (13.0–22.0) years old. 19.6% had a positive preoperative metal patch test and 54.5% of these had no personal history of atopy. Stainless-steel bars were used in 27.3% of those patients and titanium bars were used in 72.7%. One patient had a documented minor allergy reaction. None of the 56 patients required early bar removal.

Conclusion Our study suggests that routine preoperative allergy testing and a judicious use of titanium bar are safe and avoid metal allergic complications.
Thermal ablation of mucosal defect margins to prevent local recurrence of large colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Meulen Lonne W.T. , Bogie Roel M.M. , Winkens Bjorn , Masclee Ad A.M. , Moons Leon M.G.
Published: June 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps is characterized by a high risk of recurrence. Thermal ablation of the mucosal defect margins may reduce recurrence in these lesions, but a systematic overview of the current evidence is lacking.

Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane until July 2021, for studies on thermal ablation of mucosal defect margins of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps. Main goal of this meta-analysis was to identify pooled risk difference of recurrence between thermal ablation vs. no adjuvant treatment. Secondary goal was to identify pooled recurrence rate after snare tip soft coagulation (STSC) and argon plasma coagulation (APC).

Results Ten studies on thermal ablation of mucosal defect margins were included, with three studies on argon plasma coagulation, six studies on snare tip soft coagulation and one study comparing both treatment modalities, representing a total of 316 APC cases and 1598 STSC cases. Overall pooled risk difference of recurrence was –0.17 (95 % confidence interval [CI] –0.22 to –0.12) as compared to no adjuvant treatment. Pooled risk difference was –0.16 (95 % CI –0.19 to –0.14) for STSC and –0.26 (95 % CI –0.80 to 0.28) for APC. Pooled recurrence rate was 4 % (95 % CI 2 % to 8 %) for STSC and 9 % (95 % CI 4 % to 19 %) for APC.

Conclusions Thermal ablation of mucosal defect margins significantly reduces recurrence rate in large non-pedunculated colorectal lesions compared to no adjuvant treatment. While no evidence for superiority exists, STSC may be preferred over APC, because this method is the most evidence-based, and cost-effective modality.
Prospective evaluation of the motorized spiral enteroscope for previous incomplete colonoscopy
Authors: Al-Toma Abdulbaqi , Oude Hergelink Dorien M. , Tenthof van Noorden Jacco , Koornstra Jan Jacob
Published: June 2022

Background and study aims A significant percentage of colonoscopies remain incomplete because of failure to intubate the cecum. The motorized spiral enteroscope (MSE) technique, originally developed for deep small bowel enteroscopy, may be an effective alternative technique in cases of incomplete examination of abnormally long colons (dolichocolon). We prospectively evaluated the success rate of cecal intubation, safety and the therapeutic consequences of using MSE after incomplete conventional colonoscopy.

Patients and methods A total of 36 consecutive patients with an indication for diagnostic and/or therapeutic colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter trial. All patients had undergone at least one incomplete colonoscopy attributed to abnormally long colons. Patients with incomplete colonoscopy due to stenosis were excluded.

Results Twenty-two men and 14 women (median age 66 years, range 35–82) were enrolled. Median procedure time was 30 minutes (range 16–50). Cecal intubation rate was 100 % and median cecal intubation time was 10 minutes (range 4–30). Abnormalities, mostly neoplastic lesions, were detected in 23 of 36 patients, corresponding to a diagnostic yield of 64 %. All these findings were in the right side of the colon and had not been described by the antecedent incomplete coloscopy. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions In case of a difficult and long colon, MSE is safe and effective for diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy. It may provide an attractive solution to accomplish completeness of previous incomplete colonoscopies in these patients.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Third Ventricle Using the Surgical Corridor of the Reverse Third Ventriculostomy: Anatomo-Surgical Nuances
Authors: Karadag Ali , Camlar Mahmut , Turkis Omer Furkan , Bayramli Nijat , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Tanriover Necmettin
Published: June 2022

Objective Surgical access to the third ventricle can be achieved through various corridors depending on the location and extent of the lesion; however, traditional transcranial approaches risk damage to multiple critical neural structures.

Methods Endonasal approach similar to corridor of the reverse third ventriculostomy (ERTV) was surgically simulated in eight cadaveric heads. Fiber dissections were additionally performed within the third ventricle along the endoscopic route. Additionally, we present a case of ERTV in a patient with craniopharyngioma extending into the third ventricle.

Results The ERTV allowed adequate intraventricular visualization along the third ventricle. The extracranial step of the surgical corridor included a bony window in the sellar floor, tuberculum sella, and the lower part of the planum sphenoidale. ERTV provided an intraventricular surgical field along the foramen of Monro to expose an area bordered by the fornix anteriorly, thalamus laterally, anterior commissure anterior superiorly, posterior commissure, habenula and pineal gland posteriorly, and aqueduct of Sylvius centered posterior inferiorly.

Conclusion The third ventricle can safely be accessed through ERTV either above or below the pituitary gland. ERTV provides a wide exposure of the third ventricle through the tuber cinereum and offers access to the anterior part as far as the anterior commissure and precommissural part of fornix and the whole length of the posterior part. Endoscopic ERTV may be a suitable alternative to transcranial approaches to access the third ventricle in selected patients.
Mean-field analysis of Stuart–Landau oscillator networks with symmetric coupling and dynamical noise
Authors: Li Yang , Shi Jifan , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: June 2022

This paper presents analyses of networks composed of homogeneous Stuart–Landau oscillators with symmetric linear coupling and dynamical Gaussian noise. With a simple mean-field approximation, the original system is transformed into a surrogate system that describes uncorrelated oscillation/fluctuation modes of the original system. The steady-state probability distribution for these modes is described using an exponential family, and the dynamics of the system are mainly determined by the eigenvalue spectrum of the coupling matrix and the noise level. The variances of the modes can be expressed as functions of the eigenvalues and noise level, yielding the relation between the covariance matrix and the coupling matrix of the oscillators. With decreasing noise, the leading mode changes from fluctuation to oscillation, generating apparent synchrony of the coupled oscillators, and the condition for such a transition is derived. Finally, the approximate analyses are examined via numerical simulation of the oscillator networks with weak coupling to verify the utility of the approximation in outlining the basic properties of the considered coupled oscillator networks. These results are potentially useful for the modeling and analysis of indirectly measured data of neurodynamics, e.g., via functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, as a counterpart of the frequently used Ising model.
Phase diagrams and critical temperatures for coherent and incoherent mixtures of InAs1−xSbx alloys using first-principles calculations
Authors: Matsubara Masahiko , Kyrtsos Alexandros , Bellotti Enrico
Published: June 2022

Phase diagram calculations are performed for incoherent and coherent mixtures of an InAs1−xSbx (InAsSb) ternary alloy, which is an important material for the applications to infrared detector technology. Our calculations are based on the cluster expansion approach and Monte Carlo simulations combined with first-principles total energy calculations in the framework of density functional theory with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) exchange-correlation functionals. Because of a lattice mismatch (∼7%) between InAs and InSb, coherency strain plays an important role for the phase stability of the InAsSb alloys. The alloys without the coherency strain (incoherent mixtures) show a miscibility gap with the critical temperature at ∼700 K with 42% (45%) Sb concentration in PBE (HSE), which is in good agreement with the experimentally determined equilibrium miscibility gap temperature. The alloys with the coherency strain (coherent mixtures) show several ground states whose structures are short period superlattices along the [201] direction. The critical temperature is ∼200 K with 50% Sb concentration in both PBE and HSE, which is reduced by ∼500 K compared to that of incoherent mixtures. This reduction of the critical temperature is consistent with the experimental observation where the homogeneous InAsSb alloy continues to grow inside the empirical miscibility gap.
Universal effective interactions of globular proteins close to liquid–liquid phase separation: Corresponding-states behavior reflected in the structure factor
Authors: Hansen Jan , Pedersen Jannik N. , Pedersen Jan Skov , Egelhaaf Stefan U. , Platten Florian
Published: June 2022

Intermolecular interactions in protein solutions, in general, contain many contributions. If short-range attractions dominate, the state diagram exhibits liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) that is metastable with respect to crystallization. In this case, the extended law of corresponding states (ELCS) suggests that thermodynamic properties are insensitive to details of the underlying interaction potential. Using lysozyme solutions, we investigate the applicability of the ELCS to the static structure factor and how far effective colloidal interaction models can help to rationalize the phase behavior and interactions of protein solutions in the vicinity of the LLPS binodal. The (effective) structure factor has been determined by small-angle x-ray scattering. It can be described by Baxter’s adhesive hard-sphere model, which implies a single fit parameter from which the normalized second virial coefficient b2 is inferred and found to quantitatively agree with previous results from static light scattering. The b2 values are independent of protein concentration but systematically vary with temperature and solution composition, i.e., salt and additive content. If plotted as a function of temperature normalized by the critical temperature, the values of b2 follow a universal behavior. These findings validate the applicability of the ELCS to globular protein solutions and indicate that the ELCS can also be reflected in the structure factor.
Formation of voids and their role in the recovery of sputtered AlN during high-temperature annealing
Authors: Cancellara L. , Hagedorn S. , Walde S. , Jaeger D. , Albrecht M.
Published: June 2022

The structural recovery of AlN grown by reactive sputtering on a sapphire substrate during high-temperature annealing is studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The as-grown film shows high-density planar defects, such as basal and prismatic stacking faults, caused by the limited diffusion length of the adatoms and, thus, presents a columnar structure. The presence of high-density nanopipes is associated with the presence of unintentional oxygen impurities. Based on the atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis, we show that basal and prismatic stacking faults vanish in the films via a climb mechanism and describe this process as the nucleation of jogs promoted by the diffusion of vacancies. The nanopipes present in the as-grown film transform into faceted voids and act as a beneficial source of excess vacancies that promote dislocation annihilation by climb. The transformation of nanopipes to faceted voids resembles the transition from open channel pores to close faceted pores, which has been observed in porous silicon and can be described in terms of a classical sintering theory.
Exchange interaction between localized magnetic moments and conduction-electrons in Er doped gold nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in water
Authors: Fabris F. , García-Flores A. F. , Urbano R. R. , Rettori C.
Published: June 2022

In this work, we report a fundamental study on the exchange interaction between localized rare earth magnetic moments and conduction electrons of Er3+ diluted in Au metallic nanoparticles (NPs) produced by laser ablation in liquid. The study was carried out in Au1−xErx (x ≤ 0.026) bulk metallic alloys and NPs with a mean size of 20 nm. The samples were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. The obtained results showed that, despite the high temperature and being far away from chemical equilibrium throughout the laser ablation process, in the AuNPs, the Er3+ (J = 15/2) ground state of the crystal electric field split multiplet remains a Γ7 (g = 6.79) Kramers doublet with the expected g-shift and T-dependence of the ESR linewidth, preserving the general bulk properties and the cubic symmetry. In addition, the Au1−xErx NPs present narrow ESR residual linewidth suggesting homogeneous Er3+ doping and negligible strain distribution in the Au1−xErx NPs. This new methodology may certainly provide relevant insight into the study of the intrinsic physical properties of dilute rare earth metallic alloys at the nanometer scale seeking quantum size effects and motivates novel technological applications.
Electrical properties of α-Ga2O3 films grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire with α-Cr2O3 buffers
Authors: Polyakov Alexander , Nikolaev Vladimir , Stepanov Sergey , Almaev Alexei , Pechnikov Alexei , Yakimov Eugene , Kushnarev Bogdan O. , Shchemerov Ivan , Scheglov Mikhail , Chernykh Alexey , Vasilev Anton , Kochkova Anastasia , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: June 2022

We report on growth and electrical properties of α-Ga2O3 films prepared by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) at 500 °C on α-Cr2O3 buffers predeposited on sapphire by magnetron sputtering. The α-Cr2O3 buffers showed a wide microcathodoluminescence (MCL) peak near 350 nm corresponding to the α-Cr2O3 bandgap and a sharp MCL line near 700 nm due to the Cr+ intracenter transition. Ohmic contacts to Cr2O3 were made with both Ti/Au or Ni, producing linear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics over a wide temperature range with an activation energy of conductivity of ∼75 meV. The sign of thermoelectric power indicated p-type conductivity of the buffers. Sn-doped, 2-μm-thick α-Ga2O3 films prepared on this buffer by HVPE showed donor ionization energies of 0.2–0.25 eV, while undoped films were resistive with the Fermi level pinned at EC of 0.3 eV. The I–V and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of Ni Schottky diodes on Sn-doped samples using a Cr2O3 buffer indicated the presence of two face-to-face junctions, one between n-Ga2O3 and p-Cr2O3, the other due to the Ni Schottky diode with n-Ga2O3. The spectral dependence of the photocurrent measured on the structure showed the presence of three major deep traps with optical ionization thresholds near 1.3, 2, and 2.8 eV. Photoinduced current transient spectroscopy spectra of the structures were dominated by deep traps with an ionization energy of 0.95 eV. These experiments suggest another pathway to obtain p–n heterojunctions in the α-Ga2O3 system.
On the nature of screening in Voorn–Overbeek type theories
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Dwivedi Shikha , Podgornik Rudolf
Published: June 2022

By using a recently formulated Legendre transform approach to the thermodynamics of charged systems, we explore the general form of the screening length in the Voorn–Overbeek-type theories, which remains valid also in the cases where the entropy of the charged component(s) is not given by the ideal gas form as in the Debye–Hückel theory. The screening length consistent with the non-electrostatic terms in the free energy ansatz for the Flory–Huggins and Voorn–Overbeek type theories, derived from the local curvature properties of the Legendre transform, has distinctly different behavior than the often invoked standard Debye screening length, though it reduces to it in some special cases.
Optimal thrust efficiency for a tandem wing in forward flight using varied hindwing kinematics of a damselfly
Authors: Lai Yu-Hsiang , Chang Sheng-Kai , Lan Bluest , Hsu Kuan-Lun , Yang Jing-Tang
Published: June 2022

We reveal the hindwing kinematics of a damselfly that are optimal for the thrust efficiency, which is a major concern of a bio-inspired micro-aerial vehicle. The parameters of the hindwing kinematics include stroke-plane angle, rotational duration, and wing phase. We developed a numerical self-propulsion model to investigate the thrust efficiency. The correlation analysis and optimal analysis were used to investigate the relation between varied hindwing kinematics and thrust efficiency. The results show that the optimal wing kinematics of the hindwing occur at a large stroke-plane angle and a small rotational duration in which the thrust efficiency might increase up to 22% compared with the original motion of the hindwing. The stroke-plane angle is highly positively correlated with thrust efficiency, whereas the rotational duration is moderately negatively correlated; the wing phase has the least correlation. The flow-field analysis indicates that a large stroke-plane angle combined with a small rotational duration has a weak forewing–hindwing interaction, generating a small resulting force on the hindwing, but the force comprises a small negative horizontal force, which hence increases the thrust efficiency. In a flight strategy for a micro-aerial vehicle, a large stroke-plane angle combined with a small rotational duration yields an optimal thrust efficiency, which is suitable for a flight of long duration. A small stroke-plane angle combined with a large rotation is suitable for hovering flight because it leads to a large negative horizontal force and a small vertical force. This work hence provides insight into the design of a tandem-wing micro-aerial vehicle.
“First forced displacements, then slaughter”
Authors: Filimonov Kirill , Carpentier Nico
Published: June 2022

This article examines the discursive construction of nature as represented by the Swedish TV documentary Tvångsförflyttningar – Bággojohtin, which narrates the history of forced displacements of the indigenous people of Sami in northern Sweden in the early 20th century. Our discursive-material analysis highlights the role of nature in these displacements, and how, in these tragic historical developments, nature was regulated by the antagonistically positioned discursive frameworks of the state and the Sami, both of which, in very different ways, sought to integrate it into their respective systems of meaning. By bringing attention to the interconnection of the discursive and the material, we argue that nature, through a series of subversive acts, resisted both the environmental governmentality of the state and the counter-hegemonic environmental knowledge of the Sami. Thus, the article contributes to the understanding of the multiple discursive struggles around flora and fauna, but also nature’s own agency and voice.
Indirect translation in game localization as a method of global circulation of digital artefacts
Authors: O’Hagan Minako
Published: June 2022

To contribute towards extending the scope of research on indirect translation, this article focuses on game localization as an overlooked site where this translation practice is relatively common. For major games developed in a language other than English (LOTE), the English version (locale) is often used as a pivot from which to generate other locales across different regions. This article investigates the motivations, challenges, and implications of the use of indirect translation in game localization through a case study of Square Enix – a major Japanese game developer/publisher that is among the pioneers of game localization. It reveals how indirect translation forms both a solution and a bottleneck for the global circulation of digital interactive products. The article uncovers the key factors behind the position of English as the default pivot language in localizing Japanese games and points to the possible future impact of the emergence of Asian markets, particularly the Chinese market, on the game localization ecosystem. The lens of indirect translation facilitates theorizing underexplored aspects of game localization as an economic activity situated in the digital terrain. By casting the apparent drawback of indirect translation in a socio-economic framework, the article presents the future scope of this research subfield in game localization.
General principles of Wüster’s General Theory of Terminology
Authors: Candel Danielle
Published: June 2022

This chapter introduces Terminology as presented by Wüster, based on his writing as well as on unpublished notes and letters. First an engineer specialized in sawing and woodworking tools, Wüster became interested in language, and lectured at the University of Vienna in Lexicology, Lexicography, Terminology and Standardization. His revolutionary ideas on Terminology triggered reactions which led him to explain his views in greater depth. This chapter discusses concepts that arose as he developed his theory. As reflected in his comments on phraseology, standardization might not be incompatible with “descriptive terminology”: Even though he advocated the Soll-Norm (norm as it should be) in Theoretical Linguistics, he accepted the Ist-Norm (norm as it is) in Descriptive Linguistics.
Terminology and standards
Authors: Wright Sue Ellen
Published: June 2022

This chapter views terminology-oriented activities related to standards, focusing on communities of practice. It ranges from word-oriented models to concept-oriented terminological resources, then spans the full semantic spectrum. It addresses lexicography and discourse-oriented terminology management as well as taxonomies, metadata systems for Linked Open Data strategies, concept registries, and ‘thing’-oriented repositories. It cites terminology orientation, i.e., concept orientation, term-like units, semantic ordering systems, and harmonization aimed at a Single Source of Truth. ISO standards address discourse-oriented terminology management, including translation-oriented terminology management and team-oriented industrial environments, terminology exchange, and interoperability. Tight coupling in constrained resources and effects on relative semantic strength with respect to openness and machine accessibility round out the high end of the semantic spectrum.
Founding principles of Socioterminology
Authors: Delavigne Valérie , Gaudin François
Published: June 2022

Socioterminology as a current of thought and academic research emerged in the 1990s. Research carried out in various fields has led to different theoretical approaches. Certain concepts were revised, and others were created. These new proposals made it possible to take into account the great variety of real language practices. This chapter reviews the development of Socioterminology, its actors, and its conceptual and methodological implications.
Cultural Terminology
Authors: Diki-Kidiri Marcel
Published: June 2022

The aim of Cultural Terminology is not the international harmonization of multilingual terminologies but the appropriation of knowledge and know-how by a specific speaker community rooted in its culture. Cultural Terminology puts the human being at the center of the terminological process. The human being, both as an individual and a community, is a cultural being who constantly creates culture through a mechanism of appropriation of the new as they learn and explore their environment. An in-depth analysis of this mechanism reveals the concept as an idealized mental representation, culturally motivated in its perception. Each concept can be perceived from several viewpoints called percepts. A precise methodology is outlined for terminology works and finally some examples of application are mentioned.
Textual Terminology
Authors: Condamines Anne , Picton Aurélie
Published: June 2022

This chapter deals with Textual Terminology, an approach that emerged in the early 1990s along with other approaches presented in this book. One of its main characteristics is that it arose from an encounter between related disciplines that focused on the use of text mining (Natural Language Processing) and modeling tools (Knowledge Engineering and Artificial Intelligence). These disciplines have worked together to consider the new needs related to terminology, and their evolution. The tools developed and the diversification of needs have resulted in significant methodological developments in Textual Terminology. This chapter traces these developments and discusses the original bases, principles, challenges and perspectives that constitute Textual Terminology.
Terminology and Lexical Semantics
Authors: L'Homme Marie-Claude
Published: June 2022

The relationship between Terminology and Linguistics has fluctuated, depending on the prevalence of specific applications at a given time. A conceptual basis remains important in applications such as knowledge representation, and standardization, but other applications rely more heavily on corpora and must take into consideration the linguistic behavior of terms. This chapter lists questions that arise when analyzing terms in text and reviews some proposals made by Lexical Semantics to address them. Lexical semantic frameworks allow us to take into consideration terms that are often overlooked, such as verbs and adjectives. They also offer interesting ways to model various terminological relations (including collocations). Also emphasized is the fact that knowledge-based and lexicon-based approaches are only compatible to a certain extent.
Knowledge patterns in corpora
Authors: Marshman Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Knowledge patterns (KPs) have evolved as tools for detecting, extracting, and classifying occurrences of conceptual and semantic relations expressed in texts. KPs offer many strengths, including clear identification of relations present. The extraction of relation-containing contexts, often referred to as knowledge-rich, allows users to observe the items participating in the relation and nuances conveyed by other textual elements. Nevertheless, designing and implementing pattern-based approaches is challenging, in part because of patterns’ linguistic (i.e., lexical, grammatical) or paralinguistic nature. KPs must be selected and represented with care for a given use, and their performance may vary. In this chapter, we will explore some benefits and challenges of pattern-based approaches to corpus analysis, and some prospects for future applications.
Terminology and distributional analysis of corpora
Authors: Bertels Ann
Published: June 2022

This chapter discusses the theoretical and methodological principles of distributional semantic analysis. Over the last decade, Distributional Semantics has become very popular in Corpus Linguistics, building on very large corpora and extracting useful semantic information for numerous applications. In our “big data” era, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is carving its way into our daily life. AI’s algorithms in Natural Language Processing (NLP) learn from text collections with easily accessible information in order to find and predict knowledge patterns. This chapter explores the use of distributional analysis for terminological needs, i.e., in specialized domains. It focuses on what distributional analysis stands for, how it works, how it can be used for LSP and Terminology, and why it is useful for terminological needs.
Cognitive approaches to the study of term variation
Authors: Fernández-Silva Sabela
Published: June 2022

This chapter presents a cognitive approach to research on terminological variation, which posits that term variation is cognitively motivated, since it reflects differences on how specialized concepts are categorized by different individuals in different contexts. Firstly, an overview is given of the theoretical principles that focus on the flexible nature of specialized knowledge categorization and naming. Secondly, we present a classification of the cognitive factors of term variation, which differentiates between systemic and contextual factors. Thirdly, we report the results of a study on the cognitive function of term variation, which indicate that term variation is used as a cognitive strategy to transfer specialized knowledge, but also to avoid repetition, accommodate the text to the audience, or generalize.
Role of a conserved ion-binding site tyrosine in ion selectivity of the Na+/K+ pump
Authors: Spontarelli Kerri , Infield Daniel T. , Nielsen Hang N. , Holm Rikke , Young Victoria C. , Galpin Jason D. , Ahern Christopher A. , Vilsen Bente , Artigas Pablo
Published: June 2022

The essential transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients in animal cells are established by the Na+/K+ pump, a P-type ATPase that exports three Na+ and imports two K+ per ATP hydrolyzed. The mechanism by which the Na+/K+ pump distinguishes between Na+ and K+ at the two membrane sides is poorly understood. Crystal structures identify two sites (sites I and II) that bind Na+ or K+ and a third (site III) specific for Na+. The side chain of a conserved tyrosine at site III of the catalytic α-subunit (Xenopus-α1 Y780) has been proposed to contribute to Na+ binding by cation–π interaction. We substituted Y780 with natural and unnatural amino acids, expressed the mutants in Xenopus oocytes and COS-1 cells, and used electrophysiology and biochemistry to evaluate their function. Substitutions disrupting H-bonds impaired Na+ interaction, while Y780Q strengthened it, likely by H-bond formation. Utilizing the non-sense suppression method previously used to incorporate unnatural derivatives in ion channels, we were able to analyze Na+/K+ pumps with fluorinated tyrosine or phenylalanine derivatives inserted at position 780 to diminish cation–π interaction strength. In line with the results of the analysis of mutants with natural amino acid substitutions, the results with the fluorinated derivatives indicate that Na+–π interaction with the phenol ring at position 780 contributes minimally, if at all, to the binding of Na+. All Y780 substitutions decreased K+ apparent affinity, highlighting that a state-dependent H-bond network is essential for the selectivity switch at sites I and II when the pump changes conformational state.
Electrical charge control of h-BN single photon sources
Authors: Yu Mihyang , Yim Donggyu , Seo Hosung , Lee Jieun
Published: June 2022

Colour centres of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have been discovered as promising and practical single photon sources due to their high brightness and narrow spectral linewidth at room-temperature. In order to realize h-BN based photonic quantum communications, the ability to electrically activate the single photon fluorescence using an external electric field is crucial. In this work, we show the electrical switching of the photoluminescence from h-BN quantum emitters, enabled by the controllable electron transfer from the nearby charge reservoir. By tuning the Fermi level of graphene next to the h-BN defects, we observed luminescence brightening of quantum emitters upon the application of a voltage due to the direct charge state manipulation. In addition, the correlation measurement of the single photon sources with the graphene’s Raman spectroscopy allows us to extract the exact charge transition level of quantum emitters, providing the information on the crystallographic nature of the defect structure. With the complete on-off switching of emission intensity of h-BN quantum emitters using a voltage, our result paves the way for the van der Waals colour centre based photonic quantum information processing, cryptography and memory applications.
Controlled beam splitter gate transparent to dominant ancilla errors
Authors: Pietikäinen Iivari , Černotík Ondřej , Puri Shruti , Filip Radim , Girvin S M
Published: June 2022

In hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) architectures containing both ancilla qubits and bosonic modes, a controlled beam splitter (cBS) gate is a powerful resource. It can be used to create (up to a controlled-parity operation) an ancilla-controlled SWAP gate acting on two bosonic modes. This is the essential element required to execute the ‘swap test’ for purity, prepare quantum non-Gaussian entanglement and directly measure nonlinear functionals of quantum states. It also constitutes an important gate for hybrid discrete/continuous-variable quantum computation. We propose a new realization of a hybrid cSWAP utilizing ‘Kerr-cat’ qubits—anharmonic oscillators subject to strong two-photon driving. The Kerr-cat is used to generate a controlled-phase beam splitter operation. When combined with an ordinary beam splitter one obtains a cBS and from this a cSWAP. The strongly biased error channel for the Kerr-cat has phase flips which dominate over bit flips. This yields important benefits for the cSWAP gate which becomes non-destructive and transparent to the dominate error. Our proposal is straightforward to implement and, based on currently existing experimental parameters, should achieve cBS gates with high fidelities comparable to current ordinary beam-splitter operations available in circuit QED.
The Construction of Character in Social Work Narratives of Practice with Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Machin Helen E , Shardlow Steven M
Published: June 2022

Undocumented migration is a global phenomenon. Social work practice with undocumented migrants, worldwide, is ethically complex as social workers are positioned between the mandates of the state, designed to deter ‘illegal’ migration and the needs of their undocumented clients. Yet, despite this complexity, the relationship between social workers and their undocumented clients remains largely unexamined. In this article, we draw on interviews with thirteen social workers to analyse how character is constructed in narratives of practice with undocumented migrants. We have used narrative analysis to explore: the relationship between social workers and their undocumented clients; the influence of other key actors and social workers’ constructions of their own practice. We identified three key findings from our analysis: (i) the emergency circumstances in which social workers encounter undocumented migrants made it difficult to establish relationships and consequently, undocumented migrants were weakly drawn in social workers’ narratives; (ii) off-stage actors who existed outside of social workers’ gaze (migrants’ relatives, employers and migrant brokers) exerted power over undocumented migrants and inhibited trusting relationships with professionals and (iii) tension between social workers’ moral claims about undocumented migrants and their personal empathy led to the construction of social workers as characters enmeshed in emotional conflict.
A Mendelian randomization study investigating the causal role of inflammation on Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bottigliengo Daniele , Foco Luisa , Seibler Philip , Klein Christine , König Inke R , Del Greco M Fabiola
Published: June 2022

There is increasing evidence for inflammation as a determinant in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, but its role in parkinsonian neurodegeneration remains elusive. It is not clear whether inflammatory cascades are causes or consequences of dopamine neuron death. In the present study, we aim to perform an in-depth statistical investigation of the causal relationship between inflammation and Parkinson’s disease using a two-sample Mendelian randomization design.

Genetic instruments were selected using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies to date (sample size ranging from 13 955 to 204 402 individuals) conducted on a European population for the following inflammation biomarkers: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor α. Genetic association data on Parkinson’s disease (56 306 cases and 1 417 791 controls) and age at onset of Parkinson’s disease (28 568 cases) were obtained from the International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium. On primary analysis, causal associations were estimated on sets of strong (P-value < 5 × 10−8; F-statistic > 10) and independent (linkage disequilibrium r2 < 0.001) genetic instruments using the inverse-variance weighted method. In sensitivity analysis, we estimated causal effects using robust Mendelian randomization methods and after removing pleiotropic genetic variants. Reverse causation was also explored. We repeated the analysis on different data sources for inflammatory biomarkers to check the consistency of the findings.

In all the three data sources selected for interleukin-6, we found statistical evidence for an earlier age at onset of Parkinson’s disease associated with increased interleukin-6 concentration [years difference per 1 log-unit increase = −2.364, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −4.789–0.060; years difference per 1 log-unit increase = −2.011, 95% CI = −3.706 to −0.317; years difference per 1 log-unit increase = −1.569, 95% CI = −2.891 to −0.247]. We did not observe any statistical evidence for causal effects of C-reactive protein, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor α on both Parkinson’s disease and its age at onset. Results after excluding possible pleiotropic genetic variants were consistent with findings from primary analyses. When investigating reverse causation, we did not find evidence for a causal effect of Parkinson’s disease or age at onset on any biomarkers of inflammation.

We found evidence for a causal association between the onset of Parkinson’s disease and interleukin-6. The findings of this study suggest that the pro-inflammatory activity of the interleukin-6 cytokine could be a determinant of prodromal Parkinson’s disease.
CHCHD10 and SLP2 control the stability of the PHB complex: a key factor for motor neuron viability
Authors: Genin Emmanuelle C , Bannwarth Sylvie , Ropert Baptiste , Lespinasse Françoise , Mauri-Crouzet Alessandra , Augé Gaelle , Fragaki Konstantina , Cochaud Charlotte , Donnarumma Erminia , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Wai Timothy , Paquis-Flucklinger Véronique
Published: June 2022

CHCHD10 is an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia gene that encodes a mitochondrial protein whose precise function is unclear. Here we show that Coiled-Coil-Helix-Coiled-Coil-Helix Domain Containing protein 10 interacts with the Stomatin-Like Protein 2 and participates in the stability of the prohibitin complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. By using patient fibroblasts and mouse models expressing the same CHCHD10 variant (p.Ser59Leu), we show that Stomatin-Like Protein 2 forms aggregates with prohibitins, found in vivo in the hippocampus and as aggresome-like inclusions in spinal motor neurons of Chchd10S59L/+ mice. Affected cells and tissues display instability of the prohibitin complex, which participates at least in part in the activation of the OMA1 cascade with OPA1 processing leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, abnormal mitochondrial cristae morphogenesis and neuronal death found in spinal cord and the hippocampus of Chchd10S59L/+ animals. Destabilization of the prohibitin complex leads to the instability of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing the system complex, probably by the disruption of OPA1–mitofilin interaction. Thus, Stomatin-Like Protein 2/prohibitin aggregates and destabilization of the prohibitin complex are critical in the sequence of events leading to motor neuron death in CHCHD10S59L-related disease.
Clinical decision support methods for children and youths with mental health disorders in primary care
Authors: van Venrooij Lennard T , Rusu Vlad , Vermeiren Robert R J M , Koposov Roman A , Skokauskas Norbert , Crone Matty R
Published: June 2022

Background

Mental health disorders among children and youths are common and often have negative consequences for children, youths, and families if unrecognized and untreated. With the goal of early recognition, primary care physicians (PCPs) play a significant role in the detection and referral of mental disorders. However, PCPs report several barriers related to confidence, knowledge, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Therefore, initiatives have been taken to assist PCPs in their clinical decision-making through clinical decision support methods (CDSMs).

Objectives

This review aimed to identify CDSMs in the literature and describe their functionalities and quality.

Methods

In this review, a search strategy was performed to access all available studies in PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and COCHRANE using keywords. Studies that involved CDSMs for PCP clinical decision-making regarding psychosocial or psychiatric problems among children and youths (0–24 years old) were included. The search was conducted according to PRISMA-Protocols.

Results

Of 1,294 studies identified, 25 were eligible for inclusion and varied in quality. Eighteen CDSMs were described. Fourteen studies described computer-based methods with decision support, focusing on self-help, probable diagnosis, and treatment suggestions. Nine studies described telecommunication methods, which offered support through interdisciplinary (video) calls. Two studies described CDSMs with a combination of components related to the two CDSM categories.

Conclusion

Easy-to-use CDSMs of good quality are valuable for advising PCPs on the detection and referral of children and youths with mental health disorders. However, valid multicentre research on a combination of computer-based methods and telecommunication is still needed.