bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of wastewater coagulant derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus
Authors: Zakaria H A , Mansor W S W , Zahari N S
Published: June 2020

Conventional method of wastewater treatment may include the usage of inorganic coagulants which may cause significant environmental effects. This research was carried out to focus on development of coagulant derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus as wastewater treatment agent. In this research, the coagulant derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds and peels was produced by chemical activation process. Samples were prepared in the form of powder at 90 micromillimeter pore size and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) with concentration of 0.6M was used as activation agent and the activation temperature was set at 400°C for two hours. The coagulant samples were prepared by dissolving the seeds and peels of Artocarpus heterophyllus with H2SO4 at 1:8 (w/v) ratios then 0.1g of each sample was tested against 10ml of synthetic kaolin wastewater. The physical and chemical characterization of the sample was done by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) while the adsorbent effectiveness were tested using turbidity meter. FTIR results showed that the functional group in the samples corresponds well with existing literatures. XRD analysis has found that the samples were amorphous in structure. The BET surface area of Artocarpus heterophyllus coagulant seeds and peels is 216.8152 m2/g and 281.0723 m2/g respectively proved that the surface area of both samples become larger after heated which signifies larger surface area and pore diameter of the adsorbent. Result obtained through turbidity meters found that 11% (w/v) Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds coagulant showed 59.69% in turbidity removal while 14% (w/v) Artocarpus heterophyllus peels coagulant showed 76.88% in turbidity removal. This study had confirmed the efficacy of Artocarpus heterophyllus as coagulant up to an acceptable degree, however further study are needed to guarantee better percentage in turbidity removal.
Study of water quality for Sungai Perlis, Perlis during high and low tides
Authors: Che Ali S N A , Kamarudzaman A N , Jalil M F Ab
Published: June 2020

The aims of the study are to establish the pollutant profile along Sungai Perlis during high and low tides based on physical and chemical parameters and relate the water quality with the land used along the river. Sungai Perlis is the main river in Perlis, Malaysia with size of river basin approximately 310 km2. Three station points were selected along Sungai Perlis which are one station at the upstream, one station at the middle stream and one at the downstream. Six parameters were selected which are DO, BOD, COD, TSS, AN and pH. From the findings, the water quality index during high tide for upstream and downstream of Sungai Perlis are in Class II, whereas during low tide, it classified in Class III. However, no changes in water quality index during high and low tides for middle stream of Sungai Perlis, which is in Class III. The pollutant profiles also showed that the river were less polluted during high tide compared to low tide. The land use activities along Sungai Perlis include residential areas, recreational, agricultural, commercial, construction and fisheries located at Kuala Perlis which are directly and indirectly also contributes to the water quality of Sungai Perlis.
Study on biohydrogen production using different type of carrier materials in attached growth system
Authors: Ashah M A , Lutpi N A , Wong Y S , Ong S A , Malek M A
Published: June 2020

Renewable energy is known as clean energy with free from greenhouse gas emissions and global warming effects. It is generated from natural resources and one of the most promising renewable energy is biohydrogen. Biohydrogen production gets a great attention around the world because it could remove organic biomass and at the same time supplying clean hydrogen energy. In this study, three support carriers were used namely granular activated carbon (GAC), glass beads (GB) and moringa oleifera seeds (MOS). The main keys of this study was to identify the best support carrier that capable to enhance the biohydrogen production in attached growth system using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as feedstock. On the other hand, the physicochemical of the attached-biofilm were also investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Other parameter such as hydrogen concentration, volume of biogas, and kinetic study by using modified Gompertz equation has also been studied. At the end of the study, the best performance of biohydrogen production was performed by using GAC with hydrogen yield (HY) = 1.52 mol H2/mol glucose and the hydrogen production rate (HPR) = 58.50 mmol H2/l.d, followed by GB which is HY = 1.43 mol H2/mol glucose and HPR = 54.840 mmol H2/l.d and the last, MOS with HY = 1.08 mol H2/mol glucose and HPR = 41.44 mmol H2/l.d. This study has shown that proper selection of support carrier could reflect the evolution of biohydrogen production.
Biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent with Moringa Oleifera seeds as support carrier in attached growth system
Authors: Hamid W Z W A , Lutpi N A , Wong Y S , Ong S A , Malek M A
Published: June 2020

Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation is one of the attracting alternatives for renewable energy in worldwide. By employing immobilized cells, hydrogen production and cell density could be improved. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera Seeds (MOS) immobilized cells in enhancing the biohydrogen production using repeated batch fermentation under mesophilic condition, 37°C. The efficiency of MOS as support carrier, effect of the initial pH (5.0-7.0) and performance of raw and diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) using MOS immobilized cells were investigated using anaerobic sludge as inoculums. The cumulative hydrogen production results were fitted into a modified Gompertz equation to find the maximum hydrogen production. MOS immobilized cells was more efficient in producing hydrogen compare to suspended cells (without MOS). The optimal pH obtained using MOS immobilized cells was found to be at pH 6 using raw POME with the maximum hydrogen production (Hm) of 122 mL, the maximum hydrogen production rate (Rm) of 39.0 mL/h, and 560 ppm of hydrogen concentration.
Analysis of sediment load under combined effect of rainfall and flow
Authors: Shams S , Ratnayake U , Abdul Rahman E K , Alimin A A
Published: June 2020

An increase in sediment load resulting from extreme weather event can affect the capacity of existing water infrastructure, for example, decreasing reservoir capacities, creating obstacles and reducing the navigation depth, or eroding bridge piers by scouring actions. A number of studies have been carried out on factors affecting sediment yield and transport but only a few studies being done on the combination of both rainfall and flow on the sediment load. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the impact on sediment load comprising of well-graded silica sand due to combined effect of flow and rainfall. This research has two objectives; firstly, to study the relationship between flow, rainfall, and sediment load and secondly to devise an experiment to investigate how combination of flow and rainfall could affect sediment load with the help of Advanced Environmental Hydrology System. Thirty-six sets of experiments were conducted on a 2 m long, 0.2 m wide and 0.15 m deep channel, moulded in the Armfield S12 MKII on a 1% constant slope with six different readings of rainfall ranging from 6 to 72 mm/hr and by varying the flow ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 L/min to observe the different trends and changes to sediment load when rainfall and flow varies. This experimental study demonstrates a combination of both rainfall and flow resulted in a stronger linear correlation with sediment load.
Increasing awareness on household rainwater tanks as supplementary water supply for island municipality in the Philippines
Authors: Gato-Trinidad Shirley
Published: June 2020

The Australia-ASEAN Council of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade through Swinburne University of Technology implemented the project, “Australian Design Rainwater Tanks for Households and Schools in the Philippines”. The project involved working with relevant local counterparts for proper design, installation and management of rainwater tanks for effective rainwater harvesting from schools and households in Philippines. A Local Government Unit staff and rainwater tank supplier and installer from the Philippines visited Melbourne to learn more about the storm water management projects by Knox City Council, SouthEast Water and the water supply treatment plant operated by Melbourne Water. A rainwater tanks manufacturer in Melbourne was also visited to keep inform of the latest design, proper installation and management of rainwater tanks. The project also involved the installation of rainwater tanks to schools and households in Dimasalang, an island municipality in the Philippines. Data collection on water consumption from rainwater tanks is in progress.
Multivariate statistical assessment of Klang River, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Manaff A I N A , Muhammad N S , Abdullah J
Published: June 2020

Rivers are the main source of raw water supply in Malaysia, which accounts for more than 80% of the total resources. Currently, development activities, industrial areas and other socio-economic activities have affected the quality of river water, especially in Sungai Klang. The main objectives of this study are to determine the water quality classification for several stations along Klang River and to perform multivariate statistical analysis of the water quality data. A total of 13 monitoring stations and 6 water quality parameters from 2005 to 2014, provided from the Department of Environment, Malaysia were analysed. This study found that the water quality varies spatially and temporarily. Klang River is classified as clean and polluted the upstream and downstream of the river, respectively. However, in general, Klang River is considered as polluted and thus extensive treatment is required before it can be used for domestic purposes. This study also found that the water quality of Klang River is affected by the land use activities surrounding area.
Performance evaluation of a retrofitted multi-cyclone using computational fluid dynamic
Authors: Dewika M , Rashid M , Hasrizam C M , Khairunnisa M P , Norruwaida J , Sara Y Y
Published: June 2020

Multi-cyclone is widely used in industries as air pollution control device due to several advantages over other available separation units such as its low capital, operating, and maintenance cost and as well as its usability under a wide range of operational conditions. However, it is merely a pre-cleaner as it is inefficient in collecting fine particulate especially, particulate matter with size less than 10 µm (PM10) and below. Hence a simple, cost-effective retrofit on a Conventional Multi-cyclone (CMC) with the motivation of increasing its overall performance on fine particulate emission control was carried out. The retrofit was performed by creating higher negative pressure inside the dust hopper of the CMC by extracting 10% and 24% from the total volumetric airflow rate of the unit with the means of an external Induced Draft Fan. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Reynold Stress Model (RSM) turbulence model was performed and validated using experimental data to gain a better understanding in pressure distribution, velocity profile and particulate movement between the CMC and the Retrofitted Multi-cyclone (RMC). The CFD results show deviation between 0% to 8% for pressure at inlet and outlet of cyclone compared to the experimental results. In addition, CFD results depict that the RMC has higher pressure at the inlet and lower pressure inside dust hopper of CMC, which cause the finer particle to be pulled in through suction outlet. Also, the emission of fine particulate is reduced in RMC by 9% to 16%. compared to the CMC. Moreover, the phenomena at the suction duct can be clearly explained with the usage of CFD. The finding suggests that a simple, cost-effective retrofit at the multi-cyclone has increased the overall performance in the fine particulate collection, and the understanding of the phenomena could be enhanced by the CFD.
Utilising formulated filter aids for toluene removal in filtration plant
Authors: Masdiana N. , Rashid M. , Norruwaida J. , Hajar S. , Nabila Z. , Ammar M. R.
Published: June 2020

Filtration together with dry sorbent injection of activated carbon is widely used for VOCs removal in contaminated flue gas in incineration process. In addition, the sorbent acts as filter aids to the fabric media that enhance the efficiency of the filtration process. This study introduced a newly three in one formulated filter aids known as PrekotAC, which is a combination of PreKot™ and activated carbon. Similarly, a four in one filter aids known as TrikotAC, a combination of three materials PreKot™, activated carbon and lime is also introduced in this study. The adsorption of the formulated PrekotAC10:90 and TrikotAC10:5:85 on toluene was investigated in this study. The results showed that PrekotAC10:90 was able to adsorbed more toluene compared to TrikotAC10:5:85. However, formulated filter aids TrikotAC10:5:85 able to reduce the pressure drop across the filtration plant compared to PrekotAC10:90. The ability to reduce pressure drop in fabric filtration system means that the formulated material able to prolong the cleaning cycle of the filter plant which simultenously preserve the life span of the filter bag.
Estimation of breach outflow hydrograph using selected regression breach equations
Authors: Shahrim M F , Ros F C
Published: June 2020

Embankment dam is commonly built in Malaysia as it provides essential benefits to the local population, such as agricultural activity and flood control measures. However, the release of high potential energy by the impoundment imposes risk of catastrophic event during the dam failure. Therefore, estimation of flood arrival time under dam break event can be beneficial as primary information using numerical model to simulate the breaching process of the embankment dam. The purpose of this study is to establish dam breach profile of Temenggor Dam in predicting breach outflow hydrograph. A few selected regression equations for breach parameters will be tested namely Froehlich, Macdonald and Langridge-Monopolis and Von Thun and Gillete. One-dimensional dam break modelling were performed based on the calculated breach parameters for overtopping and piping failure. Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software is used for the dam break analysis. Results obtained from the study indicated that overtopping failure yields the highest peak breach flow of 202,099 m3/s, compared to piping failure’s highest peak discharge of 201,126 m3/s.
Pyrolysis kinetic study on homogenized high-density polyethylene with wheat waste using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Authors: Hesam N M , Rahman A A , Shamsuddin A H , Akhiar A , Saad J Md , Balachandran J K
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the potential of different ratios of homogenized biomass and plastic wastes blend were investigated. For plastic waste, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and for biomass, wheat wastes from Iran were selected due to abundance availability of the wastes. Pyrolysis kinetic study were conducted in three different ratios of HDPE (25%, 50% and 75% HDPE) combined with the wheat sample. Parameters used in this study are: heating rate of 10ºC/min, feedstock size less than 250µm, N2 gas as Gas 1 during pyrolysis, purified O2 as Gas 2 to complete the combustion and the mass of the blend was kept at 15mg. The activation energy obtained from the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for HDPE:wheat blend of ratio 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 were 47.3798 kJ/kmol, 39.2978 kJ/kmol and 33.7889 kJ/kmol, respectively for the first decomposition stage and for the second decomposition stage were 17.2758 kJ/kmol, 30.2114 kJ/kmol and 80.8258 kJ/kmol, respectively using the Coats Redfern method. Lower value of activation energy in wheat compare to HDPE reduced the activation energy of homogenized samples. The percentage of carbon in plastic is higher than biomass can affect the emission after combustion. On the other hand, the higher percentage of HDPE in ratio increased the calorific value which is an important matter for a fuel.
Synthesis of iron modified sugarcane bagasse activated carbon for oxidation degradation of malachite green
Authors: Pang Y L , Cheam W C , Chua K H , Lim S
Published: June 2020

Iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), activated carbon (AC) and Fe3O4/AC composites at various weight ratios (1:1, 3:1 and 1:3) were synthesised successfully using chemical impregnation method. The synthesised composite samples were then analysed by using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Heterogeneous photo Fenton and Fenton-like processes were applied in degrading malachite green. Fe3O4/AC composite samples showed higher catalytic activity as compared to pure Fe3O4 and AC. The composite of Fe3O4/AC at weight ratio of 1:1 (FeAC11) was determined to be the optimal mixing weight ratio as it possessed the highest heterogeneous photo Fenton and Fenton-like degradation efficiency of malachite green. The highest degradation efficiency of malachite green was achieved at initial dye concentration of 30 ppm, FeAC11 dosage of 0.8 g/L, solution pH of 5, 4 mM of H2O2 with the degradation efficiency of 89.22 % after 3 min. The composite sample FeAC11 depicted high stability as only little amount of leached iron (about 4 mg/L) was detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Pseudo second-order kinetic was best fitted to the reaction kinetic of heterogeneous photo Fenton and Fenton-like on the degradation of malachite green at different solution pH.
Enhancement of biodegradability and tensile characteristics of composite plastic film with spirulina algal biomass
Authors: Guru Moorthy A , Abdul-Latif N I S , Ong M Y , Shamsuddin A H , Nomanbhay S
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the possibility of blending the Spirulina Algae with Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) in producing composite plastic film with higher biodegradability. In this paper, the tensile characteristics and biodegradation rate of the plastic films with different blending ratio of algae with PVA was investigated. By using solvent casting technique, the composite films with 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% (wt/wt) of algae/PVA were fabricated. The soil degradation results show that the degradation increased as the algal percentage increased. The composite plastic film gave up to ∼50% of weight loss after 1 week of degradation process. Besides, by comparing with other study, the soil degradation results of this study suggested that Spirulina Algae can be act as a better blender with PVA in producing plastic film as compared to corn starch. Moreover, the plastic film demonstrated an excellent tensile characteristic with the increment of algal proportional. The ultimate tensile strength, however, remained constant at around 165 MPa for 10% and 20% algae/PVA plastic films, which was higher than the other previous study. With this high ultimate tensile strength, it was suggested that the algae/PVA composite film are more applicable towards heavy-duty plastics manufacturing sectors that requires tough and durable plastic films. In short, the optimal proportion of Spirulina Algae to PVA for the production of composite plastic film is 20 (wt/wt)% as it gave high ultimate tensile strength and at the same time has the highest biodegradability.
Evaluation of phytoremediation in removing Pb, Cd and Zn from contaminated soil using Ipomoea Aquatica and Spinacia Oleracea
Authors: Saad F N M , Lim F J , Izhar T N T , Odli Z S M
Published: June 2020

Phytoremediation is an innovative and profound method to clean heavy metals which have been released by human activities into the environment and where the metals had persisted over many years. Phytoremediation employs plants to remove the heavy metals. The aim of this study is to compare Ipomoea Aquatica and Spinacia Oleracea in effectiveness of phytoreduction capability and translocation capability in responds to lead, cadmium and zinc from synthetic soil within 35 days. The synthetic soil was prepared to contain 66 mg/kg Pb, 30 mg/kg of Cd and 66 mg/kg of Zn. I. Aquatica has shown higher removal percentage of Pb, Cd and Zn than S. Oleracea which are 27.7% of Pb, 29.0% of Cd and 32.8% of Zn. The translocation factor (TF) of root to shoot by I. Aquatica is 1.05 and it is higher than S. Oleracea, which is 0.79. Besides that, I. Aquatic has shown a higher combined bioaccumulation factor (BAC) of 0.78 while S. Oleracea has combined BAC of 0.68. The results show that I. Aquatica is more effective for phytoremediation. Furthermore, kinetic evaluation shows that heavy metals treated with I. Aquatica has shorter half-life compared to S. Oleracea which is 76 days.
Optimal Parameter Scenario of Borehole Thermal Resistance for Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Zhou K , Mao J F , Li Y
Published: June 2020

The borehole thermal resistance is a significant design indicator for the ground heat exchanger (GHE) and careful design procedure is required for this indicator to decrease the length of GHE and capital investments. In this study, a modified two-dimension numerical model with the resistance model is first applied to analyze the effects of parameters including the borehole radius, pipe-pipe distance, pipe radius, soil thermal conductivity and grout thermal conductivity on the borehole thermal resistance. To implement the analysis, an L27 (35) is established. Then, the Taguchi method is carried out to obtain the optimal scenarios of parameters combination. Results using the optimal parameters set reveal that the maximum borehole thermal resistance decreased value and rate can be up to 0.146 m.K/W and 81.56%. The analysis of variance technique is applied lastly to analyze the relative significance of different parameters. The results indicate that the borehole radius, grout thermal conductivity, and pipe radius are important driving parameters in determining the borehole thermal resistance, while the pipe-pipe distance and ground thermal conductivity almost play no role in it.
Analysis of Experimental Data of Semiconductor Air-conditioning Garment
Authors: Wang Y J , Liu Z L , Pan D N
Published: June 2020

The semiconductor refrigeration technology was used to design a set of air-conditioning garment. It was movable by using a lithium battery so that people could wear it outside. The air-conditioning garment could afford 100-120W cooling power by using two pieces of semiconductors. The experiments were carried out at ambient temperature of 31°C and 36°C. There were two different heat-dissipating methods to remove the heat from the body at the hot-end of the air-conditioning garment. The feasibility of fan cooling for the hot-end of the semiconductor air-conditioning garment was proposed. There were also two different methods to transfer the cold from the air-conditioning garment to the human torso at the cold end. The cold-end was recommended to use the cold water to absorb the body heat through the capillary according to the experiment data because the cooling loss was so large if using air to absorb the body heat.
Performance Analysis of Energy Harvesting-based Multiple Antenna and Multiple Relays Networks
Authors: Guo Qing , Guo Kefeng , Chang Shugui , Xue Hong
Published: June 2020

Harvesting regenerable energy from the surrounding environment is an effective way to solve the energy limitation of wireless communication, and energy harvesting communication has become one of the key technologies of 5G. In this paper, based on energy harvesting technology, we study the multiple antenna multiple relaying networks under different relay selection schemes. We design the Maximal ratio combining (MRC) techniques to enhance the system performance under the situation of partial and opportunistic relay selection scheme being used. On this foundation, we investigate the effects of relay selection scheme, multi-antenna technology and number of relays on the multiple relay network. At the same time, we obtain the closed-form expressions for the outage probability of the multiple relaying networks. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation results and intuitive discussions are provided to show the correctness of the analytical results.
An Energy Consumption Prediction LSTM Model of Metallurgy Enterprises
Authors: Wang Xueying , Yu Zhuchao , Xi Pengfei , Chu Gaixia , Lai Shiyang , Li Jing , Zhang Yuanzheng
Published: June 2020

Aiming at the characteristics of multi-dimensional production data, complicated sources and diverse data structures of metallurgy enterprises, it is of great significance to study how to use energy management-related data to predict metallurgy enterprises’ energy consumption. Using with an accurate measurement method, the enterprises can not only reduce the cost of energy consumption but also develop economic efficiency in producing for metallurgy enterprises, which results in low energy use efficiency, high enterprise cost, and weak scalability. In this paper, we establish an LSTM model to achieve energy consumption prediction for metallurgy enterprises by optimizing the model’s parameters using a grid search algorithm. We also compare our model’s prediction results with other mainstream machine learning algorithms, i.e., MARS and SVM through indexes such as MSE, RMSE, MAPE, and MRAE to evaluate the prediction effect of the learning algorithm. According to our simulation, LSTM performs best in the task of energy consumption prediction.
Aerodynamic Design of Megawatt Wind Turbine Blades with NPU-WA Airfoils
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Han Zhonghua , Yan Xiaochao , Song Wenping
Published: June 2020

The NPU-WA airfoils were designed at high design lift coefficient and high Reynolds number, with small sensitivity of the maximum lift coefficient to leading edge roughness and excellent geometric compatibility. Compared to the widely used airfoils, the NPU-WA airfoils have higher lift-to-drag ratio and higher maximum lift coefficient. This paper aims to design a megawatt wind turbine blade in order to demonstrate the advantage of the NPU-WA airfoils. The distributions of chord length and twist angle for a 2 MW wind turbine blade are optimized by a kriging surrogate model-based optimizer, with aerodynamic performance being evaluated by blade element-momentum theory. Results show that compared with the baseline blade, the maximum power coefficient of the optimized NPU blade is larger, and the chord lengths at all span-wise sections are smaller, which is benefit to structural weight reduction. It is shown that the NPU-WA airfoils feature excellent aerodynamic for the design of megawatt wind turbine blades.
Co-gasification of Cassava Rhizome and Woody Biomass in the 1 MWel Prototype Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifier by Gussing Renewable Energy
Authors: Hongrapipat J , Siriwongrungson V , Messner M , Henrich C. , Gunnarsson S. , Koch M. , Dichand M. , Rauch R , Pang S , Hofbauer H
Published: June 2020

In the current research, the effect of the mixture ratio by weight of wood chips to cassava rhizome (100%:0%, 75%:25%, and 50%:50%) was investigated on the properties of the product gas produced from the Dual Fluidised Bed gasifier power plant. The DFB gasifier power plant is located in Nongbua district, Nakhon Sawan province, Thailand. The results from this study show that the use of 100% wood chips as a fuel generates high quality product gas as designed. The mixture of wood chips and cassava rhizome in the weight ratio of 75%:25% and 50%:50% also gives satisfactory results: steady operation conditions of the whole power plant process, good quality and quantity of product gas, however, the tar content in the product gas was slightly higher than that of using wood chips alone. The researchers found that cassava rhizome can be used as a fuel mixture together with wood chips in the current DFB gasifier at site to generate heat and electricity. The outcome of this research will create the use of waste cassava rhizome, enormously available around the power plant, as well as the broad application of gasification technology using various biomass feedstock types available in Thailand.
Research on Coordinated Optimization of Integrated Intelligent Energy Supply
Authors: Peng Liyuan , Zhang Xiaohui , Yuan Jianli , Fu Jia
Published: June 2020

The coordination and optimization of integrated intelligent energy resources is an advanced energy supply strategy. And it is also a key issue for the development of integrated intelligent energy resources. Meanwhile, the characteristics of energy supply equipment and equipment, load characteristics and user needs should be taken into account. In this paper, an integrated intelligent energy system of some enterprise is taken as an example to research the coordinated optimization of integrated intelligent energy supply. The energy supply facilities in the park include CCHP system, photovoltaic power generation system, water storage system and municipal power supply, cooling and heating. How to coordinate and optimize these energy supplies according to the characteristics of each energy supply unit, load time domain, electricity and gas price information will be the main content of this paper. In this paper, a coordinated energy supply strategy is proposed. And a whole system model is established. At last, the advantage of the strategy and the model is verified through simulation.
Orthogonal Experimental Study on Preparation of Chitosan Oligosaccharide by Chitooligase
Authors: Xu Feng , You Zhaotao , Rong Haiwu , Chen Xin
Published: June 2020

Chitosan oligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with papain, and the chitosan oligosaccharides were accumulated, and the reducing sugar concentration and reducing sugar rate in the enzymatic solution were used as evaluation indexes. The results showed that with the increase of pH and reaction temperature, the concentration of reducing sugar in the enzymatic hydrolysate increased first and then decreased, and the appropriate reaction time, pH, reaction temperature, enzyme base ratio and substrate concentration were 1.0 h, 5.0, 45 °C, 1:10 and 1.75%, respectively. In the process of degradation of chitosan by papain, the pH value had the greatest influence on the experiment, while the influence of the other four factors was not obvious, and the order of influence of the five factors was as follows: pH value > enzyme base ratio > substrate concentration > time > temperature.
A Nonlinear Method for Long-term Optimal Operations for Cascade Hydropower Plants with Electricity-Price Curves
Authors: Shen J J , Zhong H , Cheng X
Published: June 2020

Based on the electricity market of Yunnan Province in China, a nonlinear method for long-term optimal operations for cascade hydropower plants with electricity-price curves is developed. This method takes into account multiple trading varieties that include matching, outside, and priority. With a large amount of historical market transaction data, the regression analysis method is used to determine a nonlinear relationship curve between electricity and price of each market variety. Moreover, the differences of the price characteristics in flood season and dry season are also considered. The fitted electricity-price curves are utilized to formulate an optimization model with maximizing generation benefit. The hydropower nonlinearities of this model are handled by the polynomial technique to obtain a solvable MINLP model. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reasonably determine the declared electricity quantity of cascaded hydropower plants in different trading markets depending on the electricity-price relationships. It is suggested that low-price electricity in flood season should be transferred to high-price electricity market in dry season since the total power generation benefit of the system can be effectively improved.
Arc Suppression Method for Distribution Network with New Energy Based on Active Inverter Split-phase Injection
Authors: Feng Guang , Wang Peng , Liang Hongxiang , Yu Kun , Zeng Xiangjun
Published: June 2020

With the continuous development and promotion of new energy technology, the traditional distribution network structure has been changed. After the new energy power is connected, the distribution network has changed from a traditional single-ended power supply radiation network to a dual-end or multi-end power supply network. Some active arc suppression methods often ignore the impact of new energy power supply when calculating the injected current. Aiming at the above problems, and drawing on the existing flexible grounding technology, this paper proposes an arc suppression method for new energy distribution networks based on active inverter split-phase injection, which comprehensively considers the impact of system-side power and new energy-side power on the injection current calculation. It is shown that this method can effectively compensate the fault current and can effectively suppress the re-combustion of AC arc.
Performance Modelling and Parametric Analysis of Domestic Hot Water Tanks in Discharging Mode
Authors: Chandra Yogender Pal , Matuska Tomas
Published: June 2020

Thermal energy storage (TES) is the central component of any renewable energy system (RES) and can considerably effect its overall efficiency. A good storage tank should enhance the stratification by restricting inlet mixing. In this paper, an experimental study is presented to evaluate the performance of domestic hot water storage tanks in discharging mode. Discharging of tank was conducted with different inlet flow rate to assess the effect of inlet mixing on thermal stratification. The study was conducted to visualize the combined results of temperature distribution, MIX number and Richardson number to predict the behavior of tank under dynamic mode. It was concluded that discharging rate of 800L/hour has the maximum mixing and thus the worst stratification for current scenario.
Optimization of the Temperature and Time for the Autolysis and Enzymolysis of Perna Viridis Protein
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Chen Deke , Chen Hua , Sun Huili , Zhang Yongli
Published: June 2020

To determine the optimal conditions for autolysis, the autolysis of mussel (Perna viridis) protein was studied. Using P. viridis meat as the raw material and the degree of hydrolysis as the index, the effects of hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time, were researched. Single-factor experiments of autolysis of P. viridis were conducted, taking the degree of hydrolysis as the index. Keeping the pH, time, and solid/liquid ratio unchanged, the temperature was controlled at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C to study the effects of temperature on the autolysis of P. viridis protein. When the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 30 °C, the degree of protein hydrolysis was very low. The results showed that: with increasing temperature up to 50 °C, the degree of hydrolysis increased, reaching a maximum of 15.84%. Keeping the pH, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio unchanged, hydrolysis times of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h were tested to determine the effect of time on the autolysis of P. viridis protein. The results showed that: hydrolysis occurred between 2 and 5 h, when the degree of hydrolysis increased from 13.62% to 15.31%, exhibiting a marked change in the extent of hydrolysis. The continuous increase in hydrolysis could be explained by the fact that P. viridis increased the amino nitrogen content in the hydrolysate via enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial degradation of endogenous enzymes. Therefore, the optimum conditions obtained in these experiments were a temperature of 50 °C, time of 5 h.
Influencing Factors of Conditions for Autolysis of Perna Viridis Protein
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Chen Deke , Chen Hua , Sun Huili
Published: June 2020

The optimal enzymatic conditions obtained by L9 (34) orthogonal experiments were a hydrolysis time of 5 h, hydrolysis temperature of 50 °C, initial pH of 7, and solid/liquid ratio of 1:3. The autolysis conditions of P. viridis protein were studied as a function of the interactions of multiple factors. The reaction pH was the main factor that affected the degree of hydrolysis, and the degree of hydrolysis reached a maximum at pH 7. Changing the pH made a significant difference in the degree of hydrolysis, followed by time and the solid/liquid ratio, with the effect of temperature on the degree of hydrolysis being minimal. The comprehensive analyses revealed that the optimal reaction conditions were a pH of 7, time of 5 h, solid/liquid ratio of 1:3.5, and temperature of 50 °C. Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis of the autolytic hydrolysate of P. viridis protein was 23.37%, and the protein recovery was 87.90%.
Heritage Buildings Conservation in the Light of Sustainable Built Environment: A Case Study of Few Selected Projects in Samarkand City
Authors: Normatovich Anvar Safarov , Wei Dong , Dalibi S G , Danja I I , Mukhtar A A , Inuwa L U
Published: June 2020

Samarkand, mostly known as crossroads of Cultures City has a remarkable history, Heritage buildings (HBs) with sites attracting tourists. Such HBs have undergone conservation and restoration processes due to centuries of neglect. The conservation status of a building and its durability over time relates to the components that make up the building. This paper examine the applicability of various conservation processes, approaches and or strategies employed in some selected HBs of Samarkand City in conformity with Sustainable Built Environment. The research was basically cantered on reviewed sources and materials ranging from academic journals, conference proceedings, textbooks, newspapers, photo and historical archives of conservation projects with more emphasis on Samarkand heritages. These highlights the way to understanding conservation processes, approaches and or strategies known as 10Rs employed in the selected HBs of Samarkand City. The Conservation improves the sense of magnificence, attractiveness, beautification and the awesomeness of the historical and HBs of Samarkand city in Uzbekistan.
Study on Strategy Planning of Sponge City Construction in Guizhou Province from the View of Resilient City
Authors: Chao Wang
Published: June 2020

In recent years, extreme weather is constantly emerging on a global scale. Excessive development and construction of cities has changed the original water systems of citys, and lead to urban water hazards and water environment deterioration. Since 2014, after China has been vigorously promoting the plan of sponge city and relative construction, the problems of urban water systems gradually get relieved. By introducing the concept of resilience in this study into the development of sponge city planning strategies, a comprehensive and systematic top-level design of sponge city planning and construction is made from the four dimensions of ecological resilience, engineering resilience, economic resilience and social resilience. At the same time, combining with the issues in existing pilot sponge urban planning and construction process such as the lack of systematicness, integrality, fragmentation etc., based on the study case of pilot sponge city - Guiyang city in Guizhou province, with the resilience concept as the guidance, it is presented in this study the planning strategies of sponge city ecological pattern developing, systematic planning and construction guidance, and explored the extended industrial development of sponge city and the construction control mechanism, trying to provides a new way of thinking and a new approach of sponge city planning and construction related research.
Research on the Application of Pop Art in Modern Architectural Form Design
Authors: Wang Bohan , Liu Su , Zheng Fei , Zhong Meiling
Published: June 2020

Under the influence of the information age, modern architecture tends to develop in a diversified direction. Pop art, which was born in the middle of the 20th century, is the product of a specific historical period. the popular, grotesque and playful art form shown by pop art has a far-reaching impact on the development of modern architectural forms. to a certain extent, pop art breaks the boundary between art and life in a relaxed and playful popular way. With the increasingly monotonous style of modernist architecture, the appearance of the city has become increasingly rigid and monotonous. Pop architecture has entered the public line of sight with its popular and witty characteristics, injecting new vitality into modern architecture. However, some elements and design techniques of pop architecture can still be found in today‘s architecture and have a far-reaching impact. Through the analysis of the emergence, development and characteristics of pop art, combined with the relevant cases of modern pop architecture at home and abroad, from the point of view of collage integration, figurative architecture and mechanical reproduction, this paper expounds the application of pop art in modern architectural form design, and provides a new way for reference in architectural form design.
Ecological Footprint of Residential Building in Xining
Authors: Yang Hui , Gong Zhiqi , Chen Chunyan , Zhao Taimin
Published: June 2020

The construction industry has a very significant environmental impact. Based on the theory of ecological footprint, this paper constructs a building life cycle assessment model, which takes Xining residential buildings as the research object, the ecological footprint of a residential building in Xining was calculated by using the advanced ecological footprint model - “provincial hectare method”. The aim is to understand the impact of buildings on the environment, and strive to resolve environmental pollution from the source. The results show that the ecological footprint of the building is 570.32 hm2, which is 1.52 times its ecological carrying capacity. There is an ecological deficit. The ecological deficit should be reduced by improving the sustainable use of materials to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry.
Analysis of Adding Elevator to Multi-storey Residential Buildings in Xining Based on Cost Benefit Analysis
Authors: Chen Chunyan , Gong Zhiqi , Yang Hui , Zhao Taimin
Published: June 2020

Adding elevators to multi-story houses can improve the social problems brought about by the aging of the population and enhance the use of old buildings. At present, the provinces have actively promoted the “people’s livelihood project” of installing elevators in multi-story houses, issued Guiding Opinions and determined the cost sharing factor, and established a complete system of installing elevators. This article uses cost-benefit analysis to determine the cost items and revenue items in the retrofit elevator project, determines the direct costs, and calculates the apportionment factor and apportionment costs. Taking a residential area in Xining as an example, the number of effective floors is set to calculate the allocation coefficient. The allocation cost increases as the floor rises. Through this calculation, data can be provided for Xining to determine the cost-sharing coefficient for installing elevators. Further promote the project of installing elevators in old residences can greatly improve the quality of life and happiness of the elderly.
Research on the Pattern of the Responsible Innovation of Dalian High-Tech Enterprises
Authors: Yu Jing , Wang Qian , Yingda Li
Published: June 2020

Responsible Innovation is a new idea about development which has been valued by many countries in recent years. The pattern of the responsible innovation of Dalian high-tech enterprises is discussed with the theory of responsible innovation. It is elaborated firstly from the perspective of the coordination mechanism of enterprise benefit community in Dalian High-Tech Zone (DHTZ) which includes employees’ benefits, the interest relationship between enterprises and consumers, and stakeholder organizations. Secondly, the guidance for responsible innovation from DHTZ is stated from the view of institutionalized guarantee, participation of the public and enterprises in democratic decision-making, and supervision mechanism. After that, through many cases analysis, the process of different kinds of enterprises’ responsible innovation practice within DHTZ is revealed. The last part is the summary and prospect of the pattern of the responsible innovation of Dalian high-tech enterprises.
Genetic Biodiversity of the Breeding Population of the Red and White Koi Carp
Authors: Shi Dongjie , Zhu Hua , Li Wentong , Wang Saisai , Qu Jiangqi
Published: June 2020

Research on genetic biodiversity can essentially reveals the origin of species diversity, variation and evolution. The koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L) is well known for its vigorous body and gorgeous colour. However, there is still lack of knowledge for Koi carp genetic biodiversity. In this paper, the genetic biodivesity of 15 microsatellite loci in breeding population of red and white Koi carp was analyzed. Our results showed that 56 alleles were detected in the population by 15 microsatellite primers, and the number of allele at each locus ranged from 3 to 5, with an average of 3.73. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.6963 while the average expected heterozygosity was 0.6208. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.557. Out of 15 detected loci, 11 loci were in high polymorphism degree (PIC≥0.5), 4 locus was in medium polymorphism degree. The average Fis is -0.1251. The results indicated rich polymorphism information content and large genetic diversity in the population. This breeding population of the red and white Koi carp had a large selection potential and could be adopted as a base population for further selection.
Research on Activating Persulfate by Co-based Multicomponent Canalysts
Authors: Liu Qiang
Published: June 2020

Persulfate (PS) is a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) derivative, which can be catalyzed to produce sulfate radical. It can be activated in the following three ways: energy excitation, alkali activation and transition metal activation. Sulfate radical oxidation is an important advanced oxidation technology for wastewater treatment and Advanced oxidation method is the main method for the treatment of refractory organic wastewater, mainly through the generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH) or sulfate radical (SO4
−•) and other free radicals to initiate a series of chain reactions. Co2+ activated persulfate (PMS) produces SO4
−• and Co3+ showing strong oxidation capacity. The preparation of catalysts prepared by “transition-metal, rare-earth-metal and noble-metal” can activate persulfate and produce SO4
−•, which can effectively degrade dyeing waste-water.