bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANKARA MİLLİ KÜTÜPHANESİNDE BULUNAN 3838 ENVANTER NUMARALI EL YAZMASI ESERİN KİTAP SANATLARI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DİLBER Mine
Published: March 2021

Yüzyıllar öncesine dayanan bir geçmişe sahip dini, ilmi, edebi konulu birçok el yazması eser, bilimsel, tarihi ve kültürel açıdan içinde barındırdıkları önemli bilgilerin yanı sıra sanatsal değere sahip olmaları yönüyle de nadir eser olma hususunda önem arz etmektedir. Hattatlar tarafından kaleme alınan bu yapıtlar, el yazması eser olma özelliğine de sahiptir. Geçmişin izlerini taşıyan ve günümüze kadar gelebilmiş olan bu nadide kültür varlıkları, kütüphane, müze ve özel koleksiyonlarda uygun ortam şartlarının sağlanmaya çalışılmasıyla koruma altına alınmakta, bu kuruluşlar tarafından hem günümüz araştırmacılarının hizmetine sunulup hem de gelecek kuşaklara aktarımı noktasında birçok çalışma yürütülmektedir. Bu nadide eserler arasında yer alan ve Ankara Milli Kütüphane bünyesinde bulunan 06 Mil Yz A 3838 envanter numaralı ve Külliyat adlı eser 16. yüzyıla ait klasik örnekleri yansıtması ve 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı sanatının, tezhip, cilt ve ebru örneklerini barındırması bakımından önemlidir. El yazması eserde yer alan cilt, tezhip ve ebru numuneleri analiz edilerek, cilt ve tezhip desenlerinin çizimleri yapılıp, dönemsel sanat özellikleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Relationship of Regime theory between science and politics
Authors: Nideggen John
Published: March 2021

In today’s society, experts play an increasingly important role. We listen to experts who give advice, for example, on what we should or should not eat, how to exercise, how to invest our money and so on. It has been argued that ‘experts play an ever more influential role in defining and controlling fundamental social problems’. In both the public and the private sector, experts give advice on policy issues. Increasingly, scientific knowledge and scientific experts have become a vital component of the political policy process.This is particularly apparent when highly complex environmental problems are dealt with. Scientists who possess scientific knowledge are important not only in identifying policies of risk management but also in the process of identifying risks. As this research deals partly with the role of experts (scientific) in the water negotiations it is imperative to discuss how science and politics are related.
Relating Nationalism and Political Theory
Authors: Ramsay Kalbfleisch
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the limitations of the liberal model of multiculturalism as a conceptual framework suitable for thinking about justice in complex ethnoreligious national contestations by introducing a wide spectrum of its critics. Liberal formulations of multiculturalism, it is argued, do not challenge the underpinning power infrastructure of the polity nor the normative definition of belonging as articulated by the so-called 'majority culture'. Conversely, the polycentric tactic articulated by Nancy Fraser indeed offers the possibility for a counter hegemonic reimagining of the power arrangements. But it does not address how religion may partake in such introspective rethinking. This process does not imply merely a power reconfiguration. It also entails a reassessment and rethinking of the legitimizing ethos of the nation.
Expectation of Tourism Demand in Iraq by Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Anasari Rashid
Published: March 2021

This study survey and proves this effectiveness connected with artificial neural networks (ANNs) as an alternative approach in the tourism research. The learning utilizes the travel industry in the Japan being a method for estimating need to exhibit the solicitation. The outcome reveals the use of ANNs in tourism research might perhaps result in better quotations when it comes to prediction bias and accuracy. Even more applications of ANNs in the context of tourism demand examination is needed to establish and validate the effects. An ANN is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit a signal to other neurons. An artificial neuron that receives a signal then processes it and can signal neurons connected to it.
Theories on Peacebuilding and Social Change
Authors: Dinda Dinda
Published: March 2021

When pursuing social change, questions about what should be the first priority have been a long-standing matter of philosophical interest and debate. What is more important? Is it efforts that expand individual and personal capacities? Or, is it efforts seeking to redress systems and structures? Do we start with the world out there— focusing on the distribution of power and resources within and between societies—or the world within—aiming to develop awareness, growth, and commitment to change on a personal level? While various approaches to peacebuilding and social justice can be located along the full range of this spectrum, conversations about how to approach these endeavors in a complimentary, integrated way are fairly new. Consequently, tensions do exist around how to set priorities. For instance, those committed to promoting attitude change must contend increasingly with critical perspectives which prioritize and address the structural roots of social conflict. On the other hand, those that pursue strictly the structural roots at the heart of a conflict situation—often the tactics and goals of critical social movements—are at risk of polarizing and enflaming conflict in ways that do not easily lead to constructive resolution. In other words, the bridge building skills of the peacemaker are key to conflict transformation work. At the same time, bridge building skills devoid of a critical social justice perspective are arguably shallow at best.
A New Attitude to Reduce Tension in the South China Sea
Authors: Javadikouchaksaraei Mehrzad
Published: March 2021

The increasing conflict and instability regarding South China Sea turned over the profound political and economic relations that were formed between China and the ASEAN states since 1997. In 2002, China and the ASEAN countries signed the ASEAN China Declaration of the Conduct of Parties (DOC), but it failed to fulfil the major objectives that involved endorsing a peaceful, welcoming, and pleasant atmosphere in the South China Sea. It is to be noted that the last ten years were full of clashes and conflicts. Thus, the South China Sea has essentially become a possible “battlefield” if discussions or dialogues amongst the relevant participants have not been successfully or well controlled. The basic purpose of this paper is to investigate China’s attitude in the South China Sea disagreements by focusing on its line of attack for handling its demands.
Principles Governing Personal and Social Relationships Affecting Spiritual Health in the Holy Quran
Authors: Shekarbeygi Narges
Published: March 2021

How people can influence others by the way they interact and communicate and be present. It has long been considered by sociologists and scientists such as Gabriel Tard, Jean Mason, etc .; Most of the interpersonal and social relationships of people in society with each other through verbal and non-verbal communication with each other, each of which has a special place in improving individual-social relationships. On the other hand, research shows that spiritual health and its related components have a direct role in improving the health process and people who have paid more attention to this dimension; They have had a healthier life. Familiarity with the effects of these relationships on interpersonal communication processes in issues such as counseling and psychology and often in the diagnosis of mental states, psychologists, and psychiatrists and behavioral disorders is of great importance. Since the Holy Qur'an attaches great importance to human beings and their place in society and interpersonal relations; Referring to the attributes and characteristics that are related to verbal communication, such as situationism, the art of good listening, prioritization, audience knowledge, and the practice of speech, encourages the speaker to engage in this type of behavior so that personal and social relationships are based on the Qur'an. Be healthy and productive.
Immunohistochemical Profile, Pattern of Recurrence, and Time to Progression of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients of the Department of Health-Breast Cancer Medicines Access Program
Authors: Laja Nelson A. , Lui Arthur Gregory A. , Gumapon Joar Kent P. , Ngelangel Corazon A. , Guerrero Anna Melissa S. , Sacdalan Dennis L. , Rosario Rachel Marie B. , Marcaida Romeo V.
Published: March 2021

...
Interim In vitro Dose-Response Curve for the Dicentric Biodosimeter Assay from a Philippine Radiotherapy Facility using a Linear Accelerator
Authors: De Guzman Antonio Carlo D. , Padilla Carmencita D. , Co Henri Cartier S. , Inocencio Elrick T. , Salonga Edsel Allan G.
Published: March 2021

Background. Accidental radiation exposure can occur anytime. Biodosimeters help in quantifying the absorbed dose of individuals who are not equipped with personal dosimeters during radiation exposure. The dicentric assay can quantify radiation damage by correlating radiation dose exposure with the frequency of dicentric chromosomes in the peripheral lymphocytes extracted from exposed individuals.

Objective. The study aims to present the interim results of the reference dose-response curve for a Philippine radiotherapy facility constructed using a 6MV linear accelerator (ClinacX, Varian).

Methods. Samples of peripheral blood from healthy volunteers were irradiated in a customized water phantom of doses 0.10 to 5.0 Gray using a linear accelerator. The irradiated samples were cultured and analyzed following the International Atomic Energy Agency Cytogenetic Dosimetry Protocol (2011) with modifications. Linear-quadratic model curve fitting and further statistical analysis were done using CABAS (Chromosome Aberration Calculation Software Version 2.0) and Dose Estimate (Version 5.2). Interim results of the samples were used to generate these curves.

Results. The dose-response curve generated from the preliminary results were comparable to published dose response curves from international cytogenetic laboratories.

Conclusion. The generated dose-response calibration curve will be useful for medical triage of the public and radiologic staff accidentally exposed to radiation during medical procedures or in the event of nuclear accidents.
DINÂMICA DOS CONFLITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS
Authors: Moura Izabel Beatriz
Published: March 2021

O modelo de criação de áreas naturais protegidas está relacionado ao mito da natureza intocada, impostas a restrições de acesso e uso dos bens naturais que, ao longo do tempo, assumiu proporções significativas, estabelecendo concepções diversas de homem e de natureza, e a relação entre ambos. Neste artigo são apresentadas reflexões direcionadas à criação das unidades de conservação (UC), com olhar direcionado ao Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, tecendo um diálogo em relação à criação dessa área e, assim, intercalar com a dinâmica de uso e apropriação territorial, com intuito de compreender as diferentes visões acerca das comunidades tradicionais residentes, consideradas, muitas vezes, responsáveis pela manutenção da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, a compreensão das estratégias e os instrumentos acionados pelos sujeitos sociais na materialização dessas áreas de proteção e os conflitos socioambientais decorrentes, são imprescindíveis. A compreensão dessa dicotomia - homem/natureza - se faz presente nesta pesquisa, porque o objetivo central deste trabalho é estudar a dinâmica territorial no processo de implantação do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó e o conflito socioambiental instaurado em meio a diferentes interesses, disputas e percepções acerca da UC. Para alcançar tal objetivo, realizou-se, além do aporte teórico, a investigação de dados socioeconômicos, trabalho de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Pode-se afirmar que há um conjunto de elementos que cooperam para que haja dominação dos territórios e os relatos dos sujeitos entrevistados nos levam, além disso, à compreensão de que a violência simbólica sofrida por estes, encontra-se imbricada ao processo de criação do Parque Nacional, caracterizada pelo processo de expropriação das famílias que residiam na área hoje delimitada como parque. As narrativas revelam, também, o quão grave foi o processo de expropriação na região no período de implantação do PARNA Serra do Cipó e que a realidade vivenciada por esses sujeitos sociais está muito afastada das promessas realizadas pelos órgãos ambientais.
Respiratory mechanics models in the frame of non-local fractional operators
Authors: Acay Bahar , Inc Mustafa
Published: March 2021

This study is intended to provide an exhaustive comparison of various non-local fractional operators when analyzing the mechanics of breathing performed by a ventilator. We present the solutions of the fractional respiratory mechanics model mainly for allowing the health care team to monitor patients' conditions in detail. The aim is to introduce the underlying model flexibly by making use of the advantages of the non-integer order operators with one, two, and three parameters. On the other hand, since we concern the usage of different types of fractional operators, most often having virtue in the application, it can be clearly observed the similarities and differences between these operators. Moreover, we observe the mobility of the solutions curves of the above-stated fractional model for different values of the parameters $\alpha$, $\rho$, and $\gamma$ with the help of many graphs.
A Insurgência da UNA LGBT em Chapecó/SC
Authors: Cattani Daian , Lago Mara Coelho de Souza , Vargas Myriam Aldana
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo objetivamos analisar os processos da criação da União Nacional de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (UNA LGBT) na região Oeste de Santa Catarina. O surgimento da entidade na cidade de Chapecó possibilitou a consolidação das Paradas LGBT na região, ocupando espaços públicos em espaços de feições conservadoras. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas livres e gravadas com seis pessoas participantes da criação e atuantes na UNA LGBT, além de observação participante do pesquisador; também membro do movimento e produtor dos diários de campo acrescidos ao material analisado. Como manifestação da consolidação do movimento UNA LGBT de Chapecó foram descritas as atividades realizadas desde sua criação, em 2016, com foco especial nas Paradas de Orgulho LGBT, elemento de crescente visibilização, afirmação e coesão das pessoas dissidentes do sistema cisgênero e heterossexual normativo. As conclusões da pesquisa realizada e do presente artigo apontam para a importância fundamental da constituição de coletivos para a vida e inclusão de pessoas vulnerabilizadas, muitas delas pela marginalização infringida aos que não se adequam às imposições compulsórias da cisheteronormatividade.
Letter to the Editor: Mean Platelet Volume to Platelet Count Value May Not Be a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors:   Retired Professor in Hematology, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, Beyan Cengiz , Beyan Esin ,   Professor, University of Health Sciences, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
Published: March 2021

To the Editor, We read with great interest the retrospective article of Tekin and Engin that investigated the prognostic significance of the ratio of mean platelet volume (MPV) to platelet count ratio (MPVPCR) in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). The authors found that MPVPCR was significantly lower in survivors than in non-survivors, and there-fore they suggested that this ratio could be used as a mortality marker. We think there are other factors that might have affected the results of this study.
¿Las relaciones de género condicionan los efectos de la contaminación ambiental? Reflexiones para el caso de El Salvador
Authors: Rovira María Dolores , Escoto de Tejada Marta E.
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 720, 2009: 221-239.
El golpe en Honduras
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 721, 2009: 305-307.
El proceso de formulación de la política de turismo en El Salvador durante el período 2004-2009
Authors: Miranda Baires Danilo
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 721, 2009: 309-338.
Nutrition and food security in Mali from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Konaté Fatoumata , Ag Iknane Akory , Diawara Fatou , Coulibaly Djénèba , Koné Aboubakar Dokan
Published: March 2021

Mali, a Sahelian country in West Africa, faces many climatic, natural and security constraints. This situation has accentuated the nutritional issues which are largely responsible for the high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the current review is to understand the main issues related to nutrition and diet among vulnerable groups in Mali during the last decade. The exclusive breastfeeding rate remains relatively low (40%). The Complementary feeding practices are inadequate 49%. These practices are coupled with chronic food insecurity, limited access to health care and services and water coverage and inadequate hygiene practices. The 2019 nutrition survey showed a wasting prevalence of 9.4% in children under the age of 5 and a prevalence of stunting of 27% in young children 0-23 months. In addition, there is a nutritional transition limited to the urban environment, where almost one in three adult women is overweight or obese. Simultaneously, undernutrition perseveres among women, particularly in rural areas (18.5%). The persistence of micronutrient deficiencies is accentuated, especially anemia with a prevalence rate of 82% in children under 5 years. The strategy of universal salt iodization has led to a marked reduction in iodine deficiency disorders. Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in women with a retinolemia rate of 35%. There is a Nutrition Policy document, an intersectoral coordination unit with a view to strengthening interventions to better achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords: Malnutrition, Infants under 5, Micronutrients, Food Insecurity, Mali.
Les troubles cognitifs dans les syndromes cliniquement isolés: Etude Cas-Témoins
Authors: KEDIHA Mohamed Islam , BOULEKOUIRET Saliha , HECHAM Nassima , NOUIOUA Sonia , ALI PACHA Lamia
Published: March 2021

Introduction - L’atteinte cognitive est fréquente dans la Sclérose en Plaques (SEP) mais son diagnostic se fait souvent tardivement, au stade de désinsertion sociale et professionnelle. Les études portant sur les aspects cognitifs dans les formes précoces de la SEP tels que les syndromes cliniquement isolés (SCI) et les syndromes radiologiquement isolés (SRI) sont rares. Objectifs - Analyserles fonctions cognitives d’un premier événement démyélinisant et identifier les domainesqui seraient les plus précocement atteints. Patients et méthodes - Le profil cognitif d’une populationhomogène de 13 patients présentant unSCI a été évalué, eta été comparé à 15 témoins sains appareillés en fonction de l’âge, du sexe et du niveau d’éducation. Une batterie de tests neuropsychologiques( BCCogSEP, batterie courte d’évaluation cognitive de la SEP),validée dans la SEP, a été utilisée. Ses composants explorent les capacités mnésiques et verbales, l’attention, la vitesse de traitement de l’information (VTI) et les fonctions exécutives. Résultats - Lesperformances cognitives globales étaient amoindries dans le groupe SCI, comparativement au groupe témoin. Sur les 13 patients atteints de SCI, cinq (38%) présentaient une altération cognitive globale qui a été objectivée par l’atteinte d’au moins deux ou trois tests de la batterie. La PASAT (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test)était le test le plus altéré (84,6% d’atteinte). La VTI et la mémoire de travail étaient les fonctions les plus atteintes chez les patients. Conclusion - Les dysfonctions cognitives peuvent se voir très précocement et peuvent grever lourdement le pronostic de la SEP.
Climate change and livestock production: A review
Authors: Agbeja A. O. , Olaifa K. A. , Akindolu D. R. , Salau H. O. , Akinlade M. S.
Published: March 2021

The livestock system is one of the most important characteristics of agrarian economy; livestock sector provides sustainability and stability to the national economy by contributing to farm energy and food security. Climate change is seen as a major threat to the survival of many species, ecosystems and the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world. Green house gases (GHG) are released in the atmosphere both by natural sources and anthropogenic (human related) activities. The impact of climate change can heighten the vulnerability of livestock systems and exacerbate existing stresses upon them, such as drought. Parasites and diseases are among the most severe factors that impact livestock production and reproduction, impact on livestock health, impact on feed and fodder availability, reduction in livestock population and impact of climate change on livestock genetics resource. However, the climate change especially global warming may highly influence production performance of farm animals throughout the world, this results in decreased animal production and productivity.

 

 

Le système de bétail est l'une des caractéristiques les plus importantes de l'économie agraire; Le secteur de l'élevage assure la durabilité et la stabilité de l'économie nationale en contribuant à l'énergie agricole et à la sécurité alimentaire. Le changement climatique est considéré comme une menace majeure pour la survie de nombreuses espèces, écosystèmes et la durabilité des systèmes de production animale dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Les gaz à effet de serre (GES) sont rejetés dans l'atmosphère à la fois par des sources naturelles et par des activités anthropiques (liées à l'homme). L'impact du changement climatique peut accroître la vulnérabilité des systèmes de bétail et exacerber les tensions existantes sur eux, telles que la sécheresse. Les parasites et les maladies sont parmi les facteurs les plus graves qui ont un impact sur la production et la reproduction du bétail, un impact sur la santé du bétail, un impact sur les aliments et la disponibilité du fourrage, la réduction du cheptel et l'impact du changement climatique sur les ressources génétiques du bétail. Cependant, le changement climatique, en particulier le réchauffement climatique, peut fortement influencer les performances de production des animaux d'élevage à travers le monde, ce qui entraîne une baisse de la production et de la productivité animales.
The 1965 Immigration Act: A Little Humility, Please!
Authors: Richwine Jason
Published: March 2021

Experts were wrong to predict that the 1965 Immigration Act would not change the ethnic mix of the U.S. population and “would increase the amount of authorized immigration by only a fraction." In fact, the bill set the groundwork for future changes that would amplify immigration numbers to the highest point ever. Once in a while, writes Jason Richwine, experts should admit “we just don’t know.”
Beware the Semmelweis Reflex
Authors: Kamhi Michelle Marder
Published: March 2021

The tendency to reject new information that contradicts prevailing norms has haunted the field of medicine, sometimes with deadly results. It took decades to adopt the practice of handwashing between physicians’ conduct of human autopsies and attending to women in labor. Something similar has happened with art critics, says Michelle Marder Kamhi. The idea that the fine arts are primarily representational has been a bitter pill for academic philosophers of art to swallow.
More Diversity? Talk is Cheap
Authors: Carl Noah
Published: March 2021

White academics who sign petitions and otherwise advocate for more “diversity” can do something that would immediately transform unrepresentative campuses: resign.
Bernard Bailyn: An Historian to Learn From
Authors: Paquette Robert L.
Published: March 2021

A review of Bernard Bailyn's "Illuminating History: A Retrospective of Seven Decades."
What is Affirmative Action?
Authors: Cohen Carl
Published: March 2021

Affirmative action, understood as taking concrete steps to right earlier wrongs, is to be honored, says Carl Cohen. But unequal treatment, in the name of affirmative action, cannot be defended. However honorable the objective, treating racial groups differently must be condemned.
Economic Development: The Dismal Science
Authors: Daniel Anthony
Published: March 2021

Almost every assumption development specialists have made in advancing foreign aid to the poorest countries in the world has been wrong . . . and often harmful.
A Comparative Study to Reveal the Influence of Typhoons on the
Transport, Production and Accumulation of O3 in the Pearl River
Delta, China
Authors: Qu Kun , Wang Xuesong , Yan Yu , Shen Jin , Xiao Teng , Dong Huabin , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in South China is faced with severe ambient O3 pollution in autumn and summer, which mostly coincides with the occurrence of typhoons above the Northwest Pacific. With increasingly severe O3 pollution in the PRD under the influence of typhoons, it is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of typhoons on O3 transport, production and accumulation for efficient O3 reduction. In this study, we analysed the general influence of typhoons on O3 pollution in the PRD via systematic comparisons of meteorological conditions, O3 processes and sources on O3 pollution days with and without typhoon occurrence (denoted as the typhoon-induced and no-typhoon scenarios, respectively), and also examined the differences in these influences in autumn and summer. The results show that the approach of typhoons was accompanied by higher wind speeds and strengthened downdrafts in autumn as well as the inflows of more polluted air masses in summer, suggesting favourable O3 transport conditions in the typhoon-induced scenario in both seasons. However, the effect of typhoons on the production and accumulation of O3 were distinct. Typhoons led to reduced cloud cover, and thus stronger solar radiation in autumn, which accelerated O3 production, but the shorter residence time of local air masses was unfavourable for the accumulation of O3 within the PRD. In contrast, in summer, typhoons increased cloud cover, and weakened solar radiation, thus restraining O3 formation, but the growing residence time of local air masses favoured O3 accumulation. The modelling results using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for the typical O3 pollution days suggest increasing contributions from the transport processes as well as sources outside the PRD for O3 pollution, confirming enhanced O3 transport under typhoon influence in both seasons. The results of the process analysis in CMAQ suggest that the chemical process contributed more in autumn but less in summer in the PRD. Since O3 production and accumulation cannot be enhanced at the same time, the proportion of O3 contributed by emissions within the PRD was likely to decrease in both seasons. The difference in the typhoon influence on O3 processes in autumn and summer can be attributed to the seasonal variation of the East Asian monsoon. From the meteorology-process-source perspective, this study revealed the complex influence of typhoons on O3 pollution in the PRD and their seasonal differences. To alleviate O3 pollution under typhoon influence, emission control is needed on a larger scale, rather than only within the PRD.
Winter observations of ClNO2 in northern China: Spatiotemporal variability and insights into daytime peaks
Authors: Xia Men , Peng Xiang , Wang Weihao , Yu Chuan , Wang Zhe , Tham Yee Jun , Chen Jianmin , Chen Hui , Mu Yujing , Zhang Chenglong , Liu Pengfei , Xue Likun , Wang Xinfeng , Gao Jian , Li Hong , Wang Tao
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is an important chlorine reservoir in the atmosphere that affects the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the production of ROx radicals and ozone (O3). This study presents measurements of ClNO2 and related compounds at urban, rural, and mountain sites in the winter of 2017–2018 over the North China Plain (NCP). The nocturnal concentrations of ClNO2 were lower at the urban and rural sites but higher at the mountain site. The winter concentrations of ClNO2 were generally lower than the summer concentrations that were previously observed at these sites, which was due to the lower nitrate radical (NO3) production rate (P(NO3) and the smaller N2O5 uptake coefficients (γ(N2O5)) in winter, despite the higher dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) to NO3 ratios in winter. Significant daytime peaks of ClNO2 were observed at all the sites during the winter campaigns, with ClNO2 mixing ratios of up to 1.3 ppbv. Vertical transport of ClNO2 from the residual layers and prolonged photochemical lifetime of ClNO2 in winter may explain the elevated daytime concentrations. The daytime-averaged chlorine radical (Cl) production rates (P(Cl)) from the daytime ClNO2 were 0.17, 0.11, and 0.12 ppbv h−1 at the rural, urban, and mountain sites, respectively, which were approximately 3–4 times higher than the campaign-averaged conditions. Box model calculations showed that the Cl atoms liberated during the daytime peaks of ClNO2 increased the ROx levels by up to 27–37 % and increased the daily O3 productions by up to 13–18 %.
Towards a Chemical Mechanism of the Oxidation of Aqueous Sulfur
Dioxide via Isoprene Hydroxyl Hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH)
Authors: Dovrou Eleni , Bates Kelvin H. , Rivera-Rios Jean C. , Cox Joshua L. , Shutter Joshua D. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In-cloud chemistry has important ramifications for atmospheric particulate matter formation and gas-phase chemistry. Recent work has shown that, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the two main isomers of isoprene hydroxyl hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH) oxidize sulfur dioxide dissolved in cloud droplets (SO2,aq) to sulfate. The work revealed that the pathway of SO2,aq oxidation with ISOPOOH differs from that of H2O2. We investigate the chemical mechanisms of oxidation of SO2,aq with ISOPOOH in the cloud-relevant pH range of 3–6 and compare them with the previously reported mechanisms of oxidation of SO2,aq with H2O2, methyl hydroperoxide and peroxyacetic acid. The organic products of the reaction are identified and two pathways are proposed. For 1,2-ISOPOOH, a higher yield pathway via proposed radical intermediates yields methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and formaldehyde, which can react to hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) when SO2,aq is present. A lower yield non-fragmentation oxygen addition pathway is proposed that results in formation of isoprene-derived diols (ISOPOH). Based on global simulations, this mechanism is not a significant pathway for formation of MVK and formaldehyde relative to their gas-phase formation but, as previously reported, it can be regionally important for sulfate production. The study adds to previous work that highlights similarities and differences between gas-phase and cloud-droplet processing of reactive organic carbon.
Efficacy of a portable, moderate-resolution, fast-scanning DMA for
ambient aerosol size distribution measurements
Authors: Amanatidis Stavros , Huang Yuanlong , Pushpawela Buddhi , Schulze Benjamin C. , Kenseth Christopher M. , Ward Ryan X. , Seinfeld John H. , Hering Susanne V. , Flagan Richard C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ambient aerosol size distributions obtained with a compact, scanning mobility analyzer, the Spider DMA, are compared to those obtained with a conventional mobility analyzer, with specific attention to the effect of mobility resolution on the measured size distribution parameters. The Spider is a 12-cm diameter radial differential mobility analyzer that spans the 10–500 nm size range with 30s mobility scans. It achieves its compact size by operating at a nominal mobility resolution R = 3 (sheath flow = 0.9 L/min, aerosol flow = 0.3 L/min), in place of the higher sheath-to-aerosol flow commonly used. The question addressed here is whether the lower resolution is sufficient to capture the dynamics and key characteristics of ambient aerosol size distributions. The Spider, operated at R = 3 with 30s up and down scans, was collocated with a TSI 3081 long-column mobility analyzer, operated at R = 10 with a 360s sampling duty cycle. Ambient aerosol data were collected over 26 consecutive days of continuous operation, in Pasadena, CA. Over the 20–500 nm size range, the two instruments exhibit excellent correlation in the total particle number concentrations and geometric mean diameters, with regression slopes of 1.13 and 1.00, respectively. Our results suggest that particle sizing at a lower resolution than typically employed is sufficient in obtaining the key properties of ambient size distributions.
Introduction of a Superconducting Gravimeter as Novel Hydrological
Sensor for the Alpine Research Catchment Zugspitze
Authors: Voigt Christian , Schulz Karsten , Koch Franziska , Wetzel Karl-Friedrich , Timmen Ludger , Rehm Till , Pflug Hartmut , Stolarczuk Nico , Förste Christoph , Flechtner Frank
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Zugspitze Geodynamic Observatory Germany has been set up with a worldwide unique installation of a superconducting gravimeter at the summit of Mount Zugspitze. With regard to hydrology, this karstic high-alpine site is largely dominated by high precipitation amounts and a long seasonal snow cover period with significant importance for water supply to its forelands, while it shows a high sensitivity to climate change. However, regarding the majority of alpine regions worldwide there is only weak knowledge on temporal water storage variations due to only sparsely distributed hydrological and meteorological point sensors and the large variability and complexity of alpine signals. This underlines the importance of well-equipped areas such as Mount Zugspitze serving as natural test laboratories for an improved monitoring, understanding and prediction of alpine hydrological processes. The observatory superconducting gravimeter OSG 052 supplements the existing sensor network as a novel hydrological sensor system for the direct observation of the integral gravity effect of total water storage variations in the alpine research catchment Zugspitze. Besides the experimental setup and the available datasets, the required gravimetric prerequisites are presented such as calibration, tidal analysis and signal separation of the superconducting gravimeter observations from the first 2 years. The snowpack is identified as primary contributor to seasonal water storage variations and thus to the gravity residuals with a signal range of up to 750 nm/s2 corresponding to 1957 mm snow water equivalent measured at a representative station at the end of May 2019. First hydro-gravimetric sensitivity analysis are based on simplified assumptions of the snowpack distribution within the area around Mount Zugspitze. These reveal a snow-gravimetric footprint of up to 4 km distance around the gravimeter with a dominant gravity contribution from the snowpack in the Partnach spring catchment. This study already shows that the hydro-gravimetric approach can deliver important and representative integral insights into this high-alpine site. This work is regarded as a concept study showing preliminary gravimetric results and sensitivity analysis for upcoming long-term hydro-gravimetric research projects.
Every Taxpayer Counts: Nina Olson’s Impact on Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics
Authors: Fogg T. Keith
Published: March 2021

Every Taxpayer Counts: Nina Olson’s Impact on Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics
Diseño y aportaciones de acciones de innovación docente dirigidas a visibilizar a la mujer en diferentes campos del saber. Una propuesta universitaria integrada
Authors: Guadamillas Gómez María Victoria
Published: March 2021

Esta contribución describe un proyecto de innovación que tiene como objetivo principal generar una línea de trabajo compartida en torno a la creación de materiales docentes para la enseñanza de lenguas en diferentes niveles educativos que visibilicen la figura de la mujer y contribuyan así a su empoderamiento. Del mismo modo, se trata de generar recursos que persigan la consecución de otros objetivos más globales como lo son: la reducción de los conocidos como techos de cristal o la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en otras áreas de conocimiento. En primer lugar, ofrecemos una contextualización y justificación del mismo en el ámbito universitario de la enseñanza de lenguas y de la educación; posteriormente, presentamos algunos de sus ejes de trabajo y líneas de actuación. A continuación, referimos las acciones en curso y, por último, exploramos algunas posibles líneas para su evaluación. Lo anterior, permite dar respuesta a preocupaciones globales contenidas en la Agenda 2030 y a otros estudios que inciden en la infrarrepresentación de la mujer en los materiales educativos.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi Pada Pasien Hipertensi Dewasa Di Klinik Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat (KPKM) Buaran UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Authors: Kristiyowati Anis Dwi
Published: March 2021

Hypertension is one the diseases with various medical condition. The objective of this research was to find out the rationality of the used of anti hypertension on adult patient with hypertension at Public Health Service Clinic , Buaran, Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta in 2018. This research used descriptive design by collected data retrospectively. Data used in this research was medical record sheet of adult patient with hypertension at Public Health Service Clinic, Buaran UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 2018 with cross-sectional approach. Based on the research, was found that the use of anti hypertension that individual therapy were mostly used as many as 149 patients (66,52%), medicine group that were mostly taken CCB(Amlodipin) as many as 72 patients (32,10%), and group of combined medicine, mostly used were ACE-i+Thiazide(Captopril+HCT) as many as 20 patients (8,9%). Evaluation of absorption of rational medicine on their own criteria, they were precised indication 100%, precised medicine 70,5%, precised patients 100%, precised doses 96,87%. Rationality of absorption of hypertension medicine, the most prescription rational were 151 prescriptions (67,41%).
Productivity and Externality Effects of Exports: An Application of FEDER Model in Pakistan and India
Authors: Subhani Fatima , Yaseen Atif , Khan Bashir Ahemd , Ayyub Anees
Published: March 2021

To find out export led growth (ELG), this look at has used FEDER model to seize the deliver-side effects for Pakistan and India. In FEDER model, this look at has used sectors to discover general consequences of export zone on increase via applying the OLS method. The hypothesis that marginal elements productivities are not identical in export and non-export sectors of the Pakistan and India economy is tested through the usage of the time series facts 1972 to 2014. In FEDER version, the full results of exports together with externality effects and productiveness differential have been re-expected. The predicted effects indicate that marginal aspect productivities are significantly better in export region in case of Pakistan simplest. Moreover the distinction appears to derive, in part, from inter-sectoral advantageous externalities generated by export zone. The effects of productivity differential of export zone appear with bad sign in the course of the evaluation for Pakistan however it is advantageous for India. In broad terms, therefore the consequences of this examine are within the aid of export orientated, outward looking coverage to trade family members adopted with the aid of policymakers during the last a long time.
Money Market Instruments and Growth of the Nigerian Economy: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Ayebaemi Akarara Ebierinyo , Francis Eniekezimene A.
Published: March 2021

This paper investigated the effect of selected money market instruments on the growth of the Nigerian economy. Using data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin 2017, the study employed the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Bound Testing approach to co-integration. Result shows no form of convergence among the variables in the long-run. It also revealed that money market variables are positively related with economic growth rate both in the short and long-run, except for Certificate of Deposit (COD) and Commercial Paper (CPR) that has an inverse relationship with economic growth in the long-run. Broad Money Supply (M2G) does not seem to have a significant relationship with GDPR both in the short and long-run, while Treasury Certificate (TRC) has a significant positive impact on GDPR in the short-run but an insignificant impact on GDPR in the long-run. Thus, caution should be taken by the Central Bank of Nigeria in the use of Treasury Certificate as a means of managing liquidity in the short-run, as its prolonged use would amount to no significant effect in the economy. Also, Certificate of Deposit and Commercial Paper should be used on short term basis, if otherwise; their impact on the economy would be negative.
International Human rights law in an armed conflict: Legal perspectives on obligations of States and Extraterritoriality
Authors: Arif Sardar M. A. Waqar Khan
Published: March 2021

Human rights are available to everyone on the basis of humanity. Universality, non-discrimination, equality and inalienability are core principles governing International Human rights Law (IHRL). The law governing armed conflict or war is known as International humanitarian Law (IHL). In the case of armed conflict, IHRL poses certain obligations on states along with humanitarian obligations. In this context, this article identifies the international human rights obligations of States in armed conflict. It argues that States must respect, promote, protect and fulfill human rights obligations of individuals, in the case of armed conflict, with increasing and serious concern, by analyzing the applicable legal framework under IHRL. It also addresses the extraterritorial application of IHRL and its limitations and derogations in armed conflict. Further, it discusses contemporary challenges for States in jurisdictional applicability and implementation of IHRL. To that extent, the argument developed throughout this article is that States have obligations under IHRL, irrespective of humanitarian obligations, not only in peace situations but also in the case of war or armed conflict.
Inflation dynamics analysis in selected MENA countries
Authors: Kacemi Tarek , Hassan Sallahuddin
Published: March 2021

The current paper analyses the new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) in the context of selected MENA countries over the 1990-2016 period. This study has used Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) estimation methods for the empirical analysis. For the dynamic heterogeneous panels, PMG developed by Pesaran et al. (1999) is the most suitable technique. The outcomes by FMOLS asserted that inflation and unemployment are unrelated in the long run, corroborating the long run Philips Curve theory. While, the empirical outcomes obtained by PMG indicate negative linkage between unemployment and inflation in the long run. Nevertheless, the notion of the tradeoff between the inflation and unemployment that expressed by a short-run Phillips curve is not observed in the selected MENA countries. The findings of this study corroborate the hybrid version of NKPC. Moreover, it establishes of the study suggest that the dynamic inflation can be used as a HNKPC model for understanding the inflation behavior in selected MENA countries.
Investigating the Effect of Convenience, Accessibility and Reliability on Customer Satisfaction in the Nigeria Banking Industry
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Sani , Usman Bashir Mikail , Salisu Fatima Binta , Muhammad Yusuf Suleiman
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the effect of convenience, accessibility and reliability on customer satisfaction in the Nigeria banking industry. The target populations of the study are customers of Jaiz Bank, BUK Road Branch in Kano State, Nigeria and the stated bank branch serves as the scope of the study. The population of the study consists of 10,580 customers of the focused bank in question, and 371 respondents make up the study sample size and it was captured out of the stated population which was obtain through research advisors table of sample size determination. Structured questionnaire was employed as the method of data collection, while regression analysis was employed as the method of data analysis that tests the hypothesized hypotheses of the study. The result indicates that electronic accessibility and convenience has significant and positive effect on customer satisfaction. The result of the study also found that electronic reliability has negative effect on customer satisfaction. This study recommends that banks should enlighten and educate customers judiciously on the use of electronic services such as SMS (Mobile) banking, web/internet banking and e-switch, POS banking services that are not well patronized. Internet banking should be well developed in other to face competition in the banking industry and maintain profit.
The Relationship of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation WITHSME’S Performance in the Context of Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Hassan , Othman Maha Mohammad Yusr , Salimon Maruf Gbadebo
Published: March 2021

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) plays a crucial part in country’s economic growth and a key contributor in country’s GDP. In Pakistan SMEs hold about 90 percent of the total business. The performance of SMEs depends upon many factors. The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation with SME’s Performance in Pakistan Conclusively, this study proposes a new research direction and proposition development to inspect the relationship among the variables in Pakistan’s SMEs context.
Population, Poverty and Economic Development Nexus: Empirical Study of Some Selected Developing Countries
Authors: Ali Muhammad Sibt e , Raza Syed Muhammad Faraz , Raza Syed Muhammad Faraz , Din Naeem ul , Ul Abidin Syed Zain
Published: March 2021

The major objective of this research is to examine the connection among poverty, population growth and its impact on economic development of different developing countries. This research comprised of panel data for period of 2002-2015. The data has been taken World Bank Indicator (WDI) for twenty six developing countries. To find out the results we use panel data. For the analysis of data we have applied Hausman and Fixed Effect Model in this study. Findings of the study indicate that the consumption of government, export, gross capital formation and industrial value added have positive impact on growth of developing economies. The results show that the variation in these variables has positive effect on dependent variables. On the other hand, economic growth increases due to positive changes in this variable. It is seen in this study that population and poverty has negative impact on GDP per capita in selected developing countries.