bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectroscopic Study of As-Deposited and Exfoliated Defected Graphene Grown on (001) Si Substrates by CVD
Authors: Milenov T. I. , Valcheva E. , Popov V. N.
Published: June 2017

We present here results on a Raman spectroscopic study of the deposited defected graphene on Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition (thermal decomposition of acetone). The graphene films are not deposited on the (001) Si substrate directly but on two types of interlayers of mixed phases unintentionally deposited on the substrates: а diamond-like carbon (designated here as DLC) and amorphous carbon (designated here as αC) are dominated ones. The performed thorough Raman spectroscopic study of as-deposited as well as exfoliated specimens by two different techniques using different excitation wavelengths (488, 514, and 613 nm) as well as polarized Raman spectroscopy establishes that the composition of the designated DLC layers varies with depth: the initial layers on the Si substrate consist of DLC, nanodiamond species, and C70 fullerenes while the upper ones are dominated by DLC with an occasional presence of C70 fullerenes. The αC interlayer is dominated by turbostratic graphite and contains a larger quantity of C70 than the DLC-designated interlayers. The results of polarized and unpolarized Raman spectroscopic studies of as-grown and exfoliated graphene films tend to assume that single- to three-layered defected graphene is deposited on the interlayers. It can be concluded that the observed slight upshift of the 2D band as well as the broadening of 2D band should be related to the strain and doping.
The Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Invigorating Kidney and Supplementing Qi Chinese Herbal Formulae in Asthma Patients
Authors: Kong Lingwen , Zhang Hongying , Cao Yuxue , Le Jingjing , Wu Jinfeng , Liu Baojun , Chen Meixia , Du Yijie , Wang Jia , Wang Genfa , Yi Tao , Zhou Xianmei , Wang Gang , Miao Qing , Li Suyun , Zhao Naiqing , Dong Jingcheng
Published: June 2017

Background. The theories of Shen‐reinforcement and Qi‐supplementation are important in asthma treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine theories. Early studies suggested that Invigorating Kidney and Supplementing Qi herbal formulae, Bu Shen Fang Chuan (BSFC) and Bu Shen Yi Qi (BSYQ), conveyed promising results in asthma treatment. However, the efficacy and safety of the formulae need to be further investigated by a randomized double‐blind clinical trial. Methods. 328 eligible patients were randomly sent to BSFC, BSYQ, and placebo group. The two formulae were received as add‐on therapy. The primary endpoints were rate of asthma exacerbation and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) score. The secondary endpoints included HPA axis function and inflammatory cytokine production profile. All indexes were measured before and after treatment. Results. The primary endpoints were not improved in both groups; however, the depression levels of subgroup patients with HAM‐D score > 5 were improved in BSFC group. HPA axis functions and inflammatory cytokines level were also improved by two formulae. The incidences of adverse events were similar among groups. Conclusions. The two formulae had multiple advantage effects on neuroendocrine‐immune system. They are worth used as a replacement therapy in asthma. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with clinical trial number ChiCTR-PRC-09000529.
Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olukolade Olugbemi , Osinowo Helen O.
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose. Poststroke depression (PSD) is a common complication after stroke. There is no adequate treatment for PSD. This study examined efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) in the treatment of PSD among stroke survivors. Methods. An experimental design, 30 participants with poststroke depression were randomly assigned into 3 groups of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), psychoeducation (PE), and the control group (CG). CRT consisted of nine sessions with three-phased sessions focusing on activity stimulation, negative thoughts, and people contacts, PE consisted of nine sessions focusing on knowledge on stroke and poststroke depression, and the CG group was on the waiting list. The BDI scale was used for assessing PSD at posttest. Results. There was a significant difference in the efficacy of CRT, PE, and the CG on PSD, with CRT–CG mean difference of −9.4 ± 3.11 and PE–CG 1.0 ± 3.83. Furthermore, stress was not a confounding variable on the efficacy of CRT. The type of therapy significantly influenced PSD at posttest, with the CRT having greater mean reduction to CG (−11.1 ± 3.1) than PE to the CG (3.0 ± 3.8). Conclusions. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy significantly reduced poststroke depression. Hence, it should be integrated as an adjunct treatment of poststroke depression.
Toxicity and Immunogenicity in Murine Melanoma following Exposure to Physical Plasma‐Derived Oxidants
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Rödder Katrin , Fregin Bob , Otto Oliver , Lippert Maxi , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , Wende Kristian , Schmidt Anke , Gandhirajan Rajesh Kumar
Published: June 2017

Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive and deadly disease. Therapeutic advance has been achieved by antitumor chemo‐ and radiotherapy. These modalities involve the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, affecting cellular viability, migration, and immunogenicity. Such species are also created by cold physical plasma, an ionized gas capable of redox modulating cells and tissues without thermal damage. Cold plasma has been suggested for anticancer therapy. Here, melanoma cell toxicity, motility, and immunogenicity of murine metastatic melanoma cells were investigated following plasma exposure in vitro. Cells were oxidized by plasma, leading to decreased metabolic activity and cell death. Moreover, plasma decelerated melanoma cell growth, viability, and cell cycling. This was accompanied by increased cellular stiffness and upregulation of zonula occludens 1 protein in the cell membrane. Importantly, expression levels of immunogenic cell surface molecules such as major histocompatibility complex I, calreticulin, and melanocortin receptor 1 were significantly increased in response to plasma. Finally, plasma treatment significantly decreased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, a molecule with importance in angiogenesis. Altogether, these results suggest beneficial toxicity of cold plasma in murine melanomas with a concomitant immunogenicity of potential interest in oncology.
Quercetin Reverses Rat Liver Preneoplastic Lesions Induced by Chemical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Carrasco-Torres Gabriela , Monroy-Ramírez Hugo Christian , Martínez-Guerra Arturo Axayacatl , Baltiérrez-Hoyos Rafael , Romero-Tlalolini María de los Ángeles , Villa-Treviño Saúl , Sánchez-Chino Xariss , Vásquez-Garzón Verónica Rocío
Published: June 2017

Quercetin is a flavonoid widely studied as a chemopreventive agent in different types of cancer. Previously, we reported that quercetin has a chemopreventive effect on the liver‐induced preneoplastic lesions in rats. Here, we evaluated if quercetin was able not only to prevent but also to reverse rat liver preneoplastic lesions. We used the modified resistant hepatocyte model (MRHM) to evaluate this possibility. Treatment with quercetin was used 15 days after the induction of preneoplastic lesions. We found that quercetin reverses the number of preneoplastic lesions and their areas. Our results showed that quercetin downregulates the expression of EGFR and modulates this signaling pathway in spite of the activated status of EGFR as detected by the upregulation of this receptor, with respect to that observed in control rats. Besides, quercetin affects the phosphorylation status of Src‐1, STAT5, and Sp‐1. The better status of the liver after the treatment with quercetin could also be confirmed by the recovery in the expression of IGF‐1. In conclusion, we suggest that quercetin reversed preneoplastic lesions by EGFR modulation and the activation state of Src, STAT5, and Sp1, so as the basal IGF‐1.
Linarin Enriched Extract Attenuates Liver Injury and Inflammation Induced by High‐Fat High‐Cholesterol Diet in Rats
Authors: Zhuang Zhen-Jie , Shan Chao-Wen , Li Bo , Pang Min-Xia , Wang Han , Luo Yan , Liu Yin-lan , Song Yu , Wang Nan-Nan , Chen Su-Hong , Shi Jun-ping , Lv Gui-Yuan
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to explore the potential beneficial effects of linarin enriched Flos Chrysanthemi extract (Lin‐extract) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high‐fat high‐cholesterol (HFHC) diet in rats. SD rats received normal diet, HFHC diet, or HFHC diet plus different doses of Lin‐extract. The liver content of triglyceride and total cholesterol markedly increased in HFHC diet‐fed model rats while middle and high dose of Lin‐extract lowered liver cholesterol significantly. The expression of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD1) was upregulated by HFHC diet and further elevated by high dose Lin‐extract. High dose of Lin‐extract also markedly lowered the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and inhibited the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) induced by HFHC in livers. The HFHC‐increased mRNA levels of hepatic inflammation cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), were suppressed by Lin‐extract dose‐dependently. Furthermore, pathology evaluation showed that high dose Lin‐extract greatly improved lobular inflammation. Our results suggest that Lin‐extract could attenuate liver injury and inflammation induced by HFHC diet in rats. Its modulatory effect on lipid metabolism may partially contribute to this protective effect.
Object Extraction in Cluttered Environments via a P300-Based IFCE
Authors: Mao Xiaoqian , Li Wei , He Huidong , Xian Bin , Zeng Ming , Zhou Huihui , Niu Linwei , Chen Genshe
Published: June 2017

One of the fundamental issues for robot navigation is to extract an object of interest from an image. The biggest challenges for extracting objects of interest are how to use a machine to model the objects in which a human is interested and extract them quickly and reliably under varying illumination conditions. This article develops a novel method for segmenting an object of interest in a cluttered environment by combining a P300-based brain computer interface (BCI) and an improved fuzzy color extractor (IFCE). The induced P300 potential identifies the corresponding region of interest and obtains the target of interest for the IFCE. The classification results not only represent the human mind but also deliver the associated seed pixel and fuzzy parameters to extract the specific objects in which the human is interested. Then, the IFCE is used to extract the corresponding objects. The results show that the IFCE delivers better performance than the BP network or the traditional FCE. The use of a P300-based IFCE provides a reliable solution for assisting a computer in identifying an object of interest within images taken under varying illumination intensities.
IGF-1 Gene Transfer to Human Synovial MSCs Promotes Their Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential without Induction of the Hypertrophic Phenotype
Authors: Ikeda Yasutoshi , Sakaue Morito , Chijimatsu Ryota , Hart David A. , Otsubo Hidenori , Shimomura Kazunori , Madry Henning , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Hideki , Yamashita Toshihiko , Nakamura Norimasa
Published: June 2017

Mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based therapy is a promising treatment for cartilage. However, repair tissue in general fails to regenerate an original hyaline-like tissue. In this study, we focused on increasing the expression levels for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to improve repair tissue quality. The IGF-1 gene was introduced into human synovial MSCs with a lentiviral vector and examined the levels of gene expression and morphological status of MSCs under chondrogenic differentiation condition using pellet cultures. The size of the pellets derived from IGF-1-MSCs were significantly larger than those of the control group. The abundance of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was also significantly higher in the IGF-1-MSC group. The histology of the IGF-1-induced pellets demonstrated similarities to hyaline cartilage without exhibiting features of a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. Expression levels for the Col2A1 gene and protein were significantly higher in the IGF-1 pellets than in the control pellets, but expression levels for Col10, MMP-13, ALP, and Osterix were not higher. Thus, IGF-1 gene transfer to human synovial MSCs led to an improved chondrogenic differentiation capacity without the detectable induction of a hypertrophic or osteogenic phenotype.
Molecular Mechanisms of Immunomodulation Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Insight into the Role of ICAM-1
Authors: Rubtsov Yury , Goryunov Кirill , Romanov Аndrey , Suzdaltseva Yulia , Sharonov George , Tkachuk Vsevolod
Published: June 2017

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) control excessive inflammation and create a microenvironment for tissue repair protecting from chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. We examined the molecular mechanisms of MSC immunomodulatory function in mixed cultures of human adipose-derived MSC with lymphocytes. Our data show that MSC promote unstimulated lymphocyte survival potentially by an increase in antigen presentation. Under inflammatory conditions, mimicked by stimulation of TCR in lymphocytes, MSC suppress activation and proliferation of stimulated T cells. Immunosuppression is accompanied by downregulation of IL-2Rαthat negatively affects the survival of activated T cells. MSC upregulate transcription of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which generate products negatively affecting T cell function. Both MSC and lymphocytes dramatically increase the surface ICAM-1 level in mixed cultures. Antibody-mediated blockage of surface ICAM-1 partially releases MSC-mediated immune suppression in vitro. Our data suggest that MSC have cell-intrinsic molecular programs depending on the inflammatory microenvironment. We speculate that MSC sense soluble factors and respond by surface ICAM-1 upregulation. ICAM-1 is involved in the control of T cell activation leading to immunosuppression or modest stimulation depending on the T cell status. Immunomodulation by MSC ranging from support of naive T cell survival to immunosuppression of activated T cells may affect the tissue microenvironment protecting from aberrant regeneration.
Normal versus Pathological Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Differentially Modulates Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Paracrine Properties and Commitment
Authors: Pagano Francesca , Angelini Francesco , Castaldo Clotilde , Picchio Vittorio , Messina Elisa , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Maiello Ciro , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Frati Giacomo , Meglio Franca di , Nurzynska Daria , Chimenti Isotta
Published: June 2017

Human resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical evaluation as a therapeutic product for cardiac regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, limited engraftment and differentiation potential of transplanted cells significantly hamper therapeutic success. Moreover, maladaptive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during heart failure progression provides impaired biological and mechanical signals to cardiac cells, including CPCs. In this study, we aimed at investigating the differential effect on the phenotype of human CDCs of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM substrates from healthy or diseased hearts, named, respectively, normal or pathological cardiogel (CG-N/P). After 7 days of culture, results show increased levels of cardiogenic gene expression (NKX2.5, CX43) on both decellularized cardiogels compared to control, while the proportion and staining patterns of GATA4, OCT4, NKX2.5, ACTA1, VIM, and CD90-positive CPCs were not affected, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Nonetheless, CDCs cultured on CG-N secreted significantly higher levels of osteopontin, FGF6, FGF7, NT-3, IGFBP4, and TIMP-2 compared to those cultured on CG-P, suggesting overall a reduced trophic and antiremodelling paracrine profile of CDCs when in contact with ECM from pathological cardiac fibroblasts. These results provide novel insights into the bidirectional interplay between cardiac ECM and CPCs, potentially affecting CPC biology and regenerative potential.
In Vivo Tracking of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration by Optical Molecular Imaging
Authors: Kalimuthu Senthilkumar , Oh Ji Min , Gangadaran Prakash , Zhu Liya , Lee Ho Won , Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi , Baek Se hwan , Jeon Yong Hyun , Jeong Shin Young , Lee Sang-Woo , Lee Jaetae , Ahn Byeong-Cheol
Published: June 2017

CXCR4, the stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor, plays an important role in the migration of hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells to injured and inflamed areas. Noninvasive cell tracking methods could be useful for monitoring cell fate. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of an intravenous infusion of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) to home to the tumor, by optical imaging. We constructed a retroviral vector containing CXCR with dual reporter genes, eGFP and Fluc2, under the control of an EF1α promoter (pBABE-EF1α-CXCR4-eGFP-IRES-Fluc2). We also developed an eGFP-Fluc2 construct in the Retro-X retroviral vector (Retro-X-eGFP-Fluc2). MSCs were transduced with retroviruses to generate CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs (MSC-CXCR4/Fluc2) and MSCs (MSC/Fluc2). CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and it was higher in MSC-CXCR4/Fluc2 than in naive MSCs. eGFP expression was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The transfected MSC-CXCR4/Fluc2 cells showed higher migratory capacity than naive MSCs observed in Transwell migration assay. The in vivo migration of CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs to MDAMB231/Rluc tumor model by BLI imaging was also confirmed. Intravenous delivery of genetically modified MSCs overexpressing CXCR4 with a Fluc2 reporter gene may be a useful, noninvasive BLI imaging tool for tracking cell fate.
Design and Voluntary Motion Intention Estimation of a Novel Wearable Full-Body Flexible Exoskeleton Robot
Authors: Chen Chunjie , Wu Xinyu , Liu Du-xin , Feng Wei , Wang Can
Published: June 2017

The wearable full-body exoskeleton robot developed in this study is one application of mobile cyberphysical system (CPS), which is a complex mobile system integrating mechanics, electronics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. Steel wire was used as the flexible transmission medium and a group of special wire-locking structures was designed. Additionally, we designed passive joints for partial joints of the exoskeleton. Finally, we proposed a novel gait phase recognition method for full-body exoskeletons using only joint angular sensors, plantar pressure sensors, and inclination sensors. The method consists of four procedures. Firstly, we classified the three types of main motion patterns: normal walking on the ground, stair-climbing and stair-descending, and sit-to-stand movement. Secondly, we segregated the experimental data into one gait cycle. Thirdly, we divided one gait cycle into eight gait phases. Finally, we built a gait phase recognition model based on k-Nearest Neighbor perception and trained it with the phase-labeled gait data. The experimental result shows that the model has a 98.52% average correct rate of classification of the main motion patterns on the testing set and a 95.32% average correct rate of phase recognition on the testing set. So the exoskeleton robot can achieve human motion intention in real time and coordinate its movement with the wearer.
Automatic Data Logging and Quality Analysis System for Mobile Devices
Authors: Fanjiang Yong-Yi , Wu Chih-Pin
Published: June 2017

The testing phase of mobile device products includes two important test projects that must be completed before shipment: the field trial and the beta user trial. During the field trial, the product is certified based on its integration and stability with the local operator’s system, and, during the beta user trial, the product is certified by multiple users regarding its daily use, where the goal is to detect and solve early problems. In the traditional approach used to issue returns, testers must log into a web site, fill out a problem form, and then go through a browser or FTP to upload logs; however, this is inconvenient, and problems are reported slowly. Therefore, we propose an “automatic logging analysis system” (ALAS) to construct a convenient test environment and, using a record analysis (log parser) program, automate the parsing of log files and have questions automatically sent to the database by the system. Finally, the mean time between failures (MTBF) is used to establish measurement indicators for the beta user trial.
Clinical Implications of Oscillatory Lung Function during Methacholine Bronchoprovocation Testing of Preschool Children
Authors: Choi Sun Hee , Sheen Youn Ho , Kim Mi Ae , Baek Ji Hyeon , Baek Hey Sung , Lee Seung Jin , Yoon Jung Won , Rha Yeong Ho , Han Man Yong
Published: June 2017

Objective.To investigate the repeatability and safety of measuring impulse oscillation system (IOS) parameters and the point of wheezing during bronchoprovocation testing of preschool children.Methods.Two sets of methacholine challenge were conducted in 36 asthma children. The test was discontinued if there was a significant change in reactance (Xrs5) and resistance (Rrs5) at 5 Hz (Condition 1) or respiratory distress due to airway obstruction (Condition 2). The repeatability of PC80_Xrs5, PC30_Rrs5, and wheezing (PCw) was assessed. The changes inZ-scores and SD-indexes from prebaseline (before testing) to postbaseline (after bronchodilator) were determined.Results.For PC30_Rrs5, PC80_Xrs5, and PCw for subjects, PC80_Xrs5 showed the highest repeatability. Fifteen of 70 tests met Condition2. The changes from pre- and postbaseline values varied significantly for Rrs5 and Xrs5. Excluding subjects withZ-scores higher than 2SD, we were able to detect 97.1% of bronchial hyperresponsiveness during methacholine challenge based on the change in Rrs5 or Xrs5. A change in IOS parameters was associated with wheezing at all frequencies.Conclusion. Xrs5 and Rrs5 have repeatability comparable with FEV1, and Xrs5 is more reliable than Rrs5. Clinicians can safely perform a challenge test by measuring the changes in Rrs5, Xrs5, andZ-scores from the prebaseline values.
GLI1 Blockade Potentiates the Antitumor Activity of PI3K Antagonists in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kasiri Sahba , Shao Chunli , Chen Baozhi , Wilson Alexandra N. , Yenerall Paul , Timmons Brenda C. , Girard Luc , Tian Hui , Behrens Carmen , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Gazdar Adi F. , Kim James
Published: June 2017

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), strongly associated with smoking, is treated primarily with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy due to a lack of FDA-approved targeted agents available. Here, we identify the Hedgehog pathway transcription factor GLI1 as a critical driver of lung SCC. Analysis of human lung cancer datasets showed that GLI1 mRNA was highly expressed in human lung SCC and portended a poor prognosis. Inhibition of GLI1 in human lung SCC cell lines suppressed tumor cell clonogenicity and proliferation in culture and in vivo. Addition of SHH ligand, SMO antagonists, or other Hedgehog pathway agonists did not affect GLI1 expression in lung SCC cells. However, GLI1 expression was modulated by either inhibition or activation of the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, in vivo growth of SCC harboring amplifications of the PI3K gene PIK3CA was attenuated by antagonizing GLI1 and PI3K. Thus, a combinatorial therapeutic strategy that targets the PI3K–mTOR pathway and GLI1 may lead to effective outcomes for PI3K pathway-dependent cancers, in contrast to recent results of human trials with single-agent PI3K antagonists. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4448–59. ©2017 AACR.
Targeting Adenosine in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Reduces Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Young Arabella , Ngiow Shin Foong , Madore Jason , Reinhardt Julia , Landsberg Jennifer , Chitsazan Arash , Rautela Jai , Bald Tobias , Barkauskas Deborah S. , Ahern Elizabeth , Huntington Nicholas D. , Schadendorf Dirk , Long Georgina V. , Boyle Glen M. , Hölzel Michael , Scolyer Richard A. , Smyth Mark J.
Published: June 2017

Increasing evidence exists for the role of immunosuppressive adenosine in promoting tumor growth and spread in a number of cancer types, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed whether the CD73-adenosinergic pathway is active in melanoma patients and whether adenosine restricts the efficacy of clinically approved targeted therapies for commonly mutated BRAFV600E melanoma. In AJCC stage III melanoma patients, CD73 expression (the enzyme that generates adenosine) correlated significantly with patients presenting nodal metastatic melanoma, suggesting that targeting this pathway may be effective in advanced stage disease. In addition, dabrafenib and trametinib treatment of CD73+ BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas caused profound CD73 downregulation in tumor cells. Inhibition of BRAF and MEK in combination with the A2A adenosine receptor provided significant protection against tumor initiation and metastasis formation in mice. Our results suggest that targeting adenosine may enhance therapeutic responses for melanoma patients receiving targeted or immune-based therapies. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4684–96. ©2017 AACR.
Immune Escape in Breast Cancer DuringIn Situto Invasive Carcinoma Transition
Authors: Gil Del Alcazar Carlos R. , Huh Sung Jin , Ekram Muhammad B. , Trinh Anne , Liu Lin L. , Beca Francisco , Zi Xiaoyuan , Kwak Minsuk , Bergholtz Helga , Su Ying , Ding Lina , Russnes Hege G. , Richardson Andrea L. , Babski Kirsten , Min Hui Kim Elizabeth , McDonnell Charles H. , Wagner Jon , Rowberry Ron , Freeman Gordon J. , Dillon Deborah , Sorlie Therese , Coussens Lisa M. , Garber Judy E. , Fan Rong , Bobolis Kristie , Allred D. Craig , Jeong Joon , Park So Yeon , Michor Franziska , Polyak Kornelia
Published: June 2017

To investigate immune escape during breast tumor progression, we analyzed the composition of leukocytes in normal breast tissues, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). We found significant tissue and tumor subtype-specific differences in multiple cell types including T cells and neutrophils. Gene expression profiling of CD45+CD3+ T cells demonstrated a decrease in CD8+ signatures in IDCs. Immunofluorescence analysis showed fewer activated GZMB+CD8+ T cells in IDC than in DCIS, including in matched DCIS and recurrent IDC. T-cell receptor clonotype diversity was significantly higher in DCIS than in IDCs. Immune checkpoint protein TIGIT-expressing T cells were more frequent in DCIS, whereas high PD-L1 expression and amplification of CD274 (encoding PD-L1) was only detected in triple-negative IDCs. Coamplification of a 17q12 chemokine cluster with ERBB2 subdivided HER2+ breast tumors into immunologically and clinically distinct subtypes. Our results show coevolution of cancer cells and the immune microenvironment during tumor progression.

Significance: The design of effective cancer immunotherapies requires the understanding of mechanisms underlying immune escape during tumor progression. Here we demonstrate a switch to a less active tumor immune environment during the in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition, and identify immune regulators and genomic alterations that shape tumor evolution. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1098–115. ©2017 AACR.

See related commentary by Speiser and Verdeil, p. 1062.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
A Novel Loss-of-Function Mutation in HOXB1 Associated with Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Congenital Facial Palsy in a Large Iranian Family
Authors: Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya , Maroofian Reza , Kalantar Seyed M. , Jaafarinia Mojtaba , Chilton John , Dehghani Mohammadreza
Published: June 2017

Hereditary congenital facial palsy (HCFP) is a rare congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder, recognisable by non-progressive isolated facial nerve palsy (cranial nerve VII). It is caused by developmental abnormalities of the facial nerve nucleus and its nerve. So far, 4 homozygous mutations have been identified in 5 unrelated families (12 patients) with HCFP worldwide. In this study, a large Iranian consanguineous kindred with 5 members affected by HCFP underwent thorough clinical and genetic evaluation. The candidate gene HOXB1 was screened and analysed by Sanger sequencing. As in previous cases, the most remarkable findings in the affected members of the family were mask-like faces, bilateral facial palsy with variable sensorineural hearing loss, and some dysmorphic features. Direct sequencing of the candidate gene HOXB1 identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (c.296_302del; p.Y99Wfs*20) which co-segregated with the disease phenotype within the extended family. Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of HOXB1 involved in HCFP and consolidate the role of the gene in the development of autosomal recessive HCFP. Moreover, the truncating mutation identified in this family leads to a broadly similar presentation and severity observed in previous patients with nonsense and missense mutations. This study characterises and defines the phenotypic features of this rare syndrome in a larger family than has previously been reported.
UMM al-DUNYA Mãe do Mundo
Authors: Schellini Marcelo
Published: June 2017

Este ensaio teve como ponto de partida a busca por imagens perdidas. Por vestígios de diásporas quase esquecidas. Busca que me guiou por incontáveis estradas. Fronteiras territoriais e confins teóricos. Além das viagens que empreendi, percorri departamentos e disciplinas tentando entender seu desaparecimento
Inserções corpóreas: o corpo (é) chama
Authors: Pinheiro Sophia Ferreira
Published: June 2017

Neste ensaio visual, o meu campo é o meu corpo. Passei a observar mais o meu corpo quando comecei minha pesquisa no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal de Goiás, trabalhando com antropologia visual e gênero com as mulheres indígenas. Talvez este ensaio seja uma maneira de expressão máxima, uma tradução de uma experiência que vivi em campo.
São Paulo Iconografias Transitórias. Anotações de campo
Authors: Villarroel Vivian Javiera Castro
Published: June 2017

Antes de viajar, alguém me falou que, em 2014, eu teria a oportunidade de conhecer o melhor e o pior do Brasil. A Copa do Mundo, sobre a qual havia muita expectativa no assim chamado “país do futebol”, vinha provocando diversas críticas e manifestações pelos gastos excessivos e injustificados em estádios, pela expulsão de moradores e pelo aumento da violência policial.
Etnocinema, Juventudes e Saúde Pública: a prática social do cinema e a abordagem interdisciplinar na pesquisa
Authors: Araujo Eveline Stella de , Gallo Paulo Rogério
Published: June 2017

Propomos, neste artigo, um escopo teórico para análise da produção fílmica de jovens de periferia de São Paulo, como uma prática social do cinema, a partir dos campos da Antropologia e Cinema, Saúde Pública e Processos Criativos, e Juventudes. Os dados da revisão de literatura foram triangulados com os coletados na pesquisa etnográfica e com os construídos pela análise de um banco virtual de curtas-metragens, projetando as tecnologias de mídia como fontes de informações sobre características comportamentais e sociais. Entre os resultados estão a identificação da diversidade de expressões sociais dos jovens como peculiar a cada periferia, sendo reveladas nos filmes produzidos; o processo criativo transita entre real e virtual pelo uso das redes sociais pelos jovens e emerge como locus de pesquisa por desvelar os processos de escolha; o estímulo às práticas coletivas de criação artística revelara-se como estratégias preventivas no campo da Saúde Pública.
O rural através de dois olhares no filme. Viajo porque preciso, volto porque te amo
Authors: Godinho Maria Inês Almeida
Published: June 2017

Esta análise se detém sobre as representações do rural nordestino brasileiro no filme Viajo porque preciso, volto porque te amo, dos diretores Karim Aïnouz e Marcelo Gomes, lançado em 2009. Aqui partimos do pressuposto que uma obra cinematográfica, mesmo que resultante da visão subjetiva de seu narrador fílmico, ao ser entendida como um produto cultural de uma sociedade, também carrega em seu discurso representações dessa sociedade e de seu tempo histórico. Neste artigo, o exame dessas representações será realizado por meio da análise dos elementos significantes da linguagem cinematográfica (enquadramentos, iluminação, movimentos de câmera etc.) utilizados na construção da narrativa do filme em questão, já que acreditamos que é a partir da escolha de cada elemento de linguagem que um filme pode revelar a seus espectadores as representações estéticas e ideológicas de determinado tempo social.
Cosmocores - Performance Fílmica de Incorporações no Brasil e Conversa com a Preta Velha Vó Cirina
Authors: Glowczewski Barbara , Alcântara Clarissa
Published: June 2017

Na performance Cosmocouleurs (Cosmocores), apresentada na exposição A besta e a adversidade, em Genebra, 2015, a antropóloga francesa Barbara Glowczewski propôs uma experiência visual, confrontando imagens de rituais australianos que ela havia filmado, em 1979 (Devires totêmicos, São Paulo, 2015), com rituais umbandistas que ela filmou no Brasil em 2013 e 2015. Ela convida Clarissa Alcantara – artista performer brasileira, filósofa e também terapeuta esquizoanalista de formação deleuze-guattariniana, a realizar uma dança performática, na qual se projetassem sobre ela, tal uma tela animada, imagens feitas durante uma sessão de Exu, com o registro das danças dos participantes em estado de incorporação dos Orixás e de outras entidades. A cineasta Sandra Alves filmou esta parte da performance, indicada neste artigo da GIS. A segunda parte do texto é a transcrição de uma conversação da antropóloga com o espírito Vó Cirina, uma Preta Velha incorporada pelo babalorixá Abílio Noé da Silveira, da Tenda Espírita Vó Cirina de Florianópolis, o qual aceitou o processo da performance.
Por que cantam os kisêdjê – uma antropologia musical de um povo amazônico
Authors: Lappicy Paola
Published: June 2017

O livro Por que cantam os kisêdjê – uma Antropologia Musical de um Povo Amazônico, de Anthony Seeger, foi publicado originalmente em 1987. Na obra em referência, Seeger propõe um estudo da música e do seu papel no processo social. Algumas perguntas permeiam o texto, quais sejam: por que os membros de um grupo específico valorizam tanto o canto? Por que performances dos cantos apresentam certas estruturas, timbres e estilos? Por que certos membros da comunidade cantam especificamente tais coisas, de tais maneiras, para tal plateia, em tal lugar e momento específicos? Assim, sua etnografia vai aos poucos circundando essas perguntas por meio de uma antropologia musical. O autor versa sobre a organização total da produção do canto kisêdjê, desde sua relação com outros gêneros verbais até sua associação integral com a reprodução social e produção econômica. Por meio da Festa do Rato, os Kisêdjê participavam de um ato criativo que transcendia os sons – era parte de processos e instituições sociais de sua sociedade.
O Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) Aplicado ao Abastecimento Hídrico e Esgotamento Sanitário
Authors: Peixoto Filipe Da Silva , Cavalcante Itabaraci Nazareno , Silveira Renata Nayara Camara Miranda , Beserra Fábio Ricardo Da Silva
Published: June 2017

O estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a situação sanitária de uma sub-bacia hidrográfica urbana em Fortaleza-CE, no que diz respeito ao abastecimento hídrico (AH) e esgotamento sanitário (ES). Para isso foi desenvolvido um banco de dados geocodificados a partir de dados do Censo de 2010 (IBGE). Foi utilizado o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) na integração dos dados de natureza discreta e os setores censitários, proporcionando as representações espaciais. O AH foi constatado no número de domicílios abastecido pela rede geral ou por poços. Do mesmo modo, para o ES foi representado o número de domicílios por tipo de serviço de esgoto, além do tipo de dispositivo estático (fossas sépticas ou fossas rudimentares). Os dados apontam para uma diminuição do uso da água subterrânea conforme a urbanização se intensifica. Foi também constatada uma ocupação demasiada que não possui o devido sistema de esgotamento sanitário.
Índice de Diversidade de Formas de Relevo do Setor Norte da Apa da Serra da Esperança (PR) com Emprego de Técnica de Classificação Geomorfométrica
Authors: Silva Julio Manoel França da , Oka-Fiori Chisato , Silveira Claudinei Taborda da
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo especifica o Índice de Diversidade de Formas de Relevo do setor norte da APA da Serra da Esperança, estado do Paraná, vinculando-se, conceitual e metodologicamente, ao componente geomorfológico da geodiversidade. As formas de relevo foram classificadas mediante o Índice de Posição Topográfica, apoiando-se em Sistema de Informações Geográficas; cujo resultado foi posteriormente submetido ao Índice de Shannon (SHDI) para estabelecimento de cinco classes de diversidade: Muito Baixa, Baixa, Média, Alta e Muito Alta. Considerando a distribuição de classes de riqueza e equabilidade das formas de relevo em células de quantificação de 500 x 500 m, os resultados indicaram, de maneira geral, relações entre maiores valores de SHDI com relevos mais acidentados; enquanto os menores valores de SHDI estão associados à planícies aluviais ou áreas mais suaves topograficamente.
Bacia do Arroio Chasqueiro (RS): Alterações Morfohidrográficas Vinculadas à Dinâmica de Cobertura e Uso da Terra
Authors: Simon Adriano Luís Heck , Felipim Tamara , Lopes Ândrea Lenise De Oliveira
Published: June 2017

A ação antrópica em bacias hidrográficas é responsável pela imposição de mecanismos de controle diretos e indiretos sobre a morfohidrografia. A Bacia do Arroio Chasqueiro, localizada no município de Arroio Grande, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), teve sua rede de drenagem interceptada a partir da construção de um reservatório para captação de água e abastecimento de lavouras de arroz irrigado. Aliada à construção do reservatório, ocorreu uma reconfiguração espacial atrelada à dinâmica de Cobertura e Uso da Terra. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar e analisar as alterações morfohidrográficas na média e alta bacia do Arroio Chasqueiro (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), decorrentes do barramento imposto ao sistema fluvial e da dinâmica de cobertura e uso das terras. Foram elaborados mapas geomorfológicos de detalhe e mapas de cobertura e uso da terra dos anos de 1947 e 2010, a fim de possibilitar a análise das alterações ocorridas. Os resultados apontam para a diminuição das coberturas campestres presentes na área em estudo, com significativo aumento das culturas temporárias, causando modificações na configuração espacial da rede de drenagem e nas formas do relevo, com interferência sobre os processos atrelados. Foi verificada também a redução nos índices das densidades de drenagem e de rios evidenciando as relações destas alterações com as modificações diretas e indiretas impostas pela dinâmica de cobertura e uso da terra ao sistema morfohidrográfico.
Long‐Term Cardiovascular Risk in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Relatives Identified by Cascade Screening
Authors: Kjærgaard Kasper Aalbæk , Christiansen Morten Krogh , Schmidt Morten , Olsen Morten Smærup , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf
Published: June 2017

Background

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Whether affected relatives of probands are at increased risk remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term cardiovascular risk in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia relatives with a low‐density lipoprotein receptor (

LDLR

) mutation who were all recommended statin therapy.

Methods and Results

Participants were identified by cascade screening at Aarhus University Hospital during 1992–1994. A comparison cohort from the Danish general population was matched 10:1 to relatives by birth year and sex. Using medical registries, participants were followed until the event of interest, migration, death, or end of follow‐up on December 31, 2014. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events comprising myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease, and coronary revascularization. We included 220 relatives. Median age was 37 years (interquartile range: 27–52 years) of which 118 (54%) had an

LDLR

mutation. By 2004, when prescription data became available, 89% of mutation‐carrying participants were taking statins during their follow‐up period. Despite frequent use of lipid‐lowering medication, the adjusted hazard ratio of the primary end point was 1.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.17–2.33) in mutation‐carrying relatives compared with the general population cohort. The risk in non–mutation‐carrying relatives was not different from that of the general population cohort (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.29). Comparing mutation‐carrying relatives with non–mutation‐carrying relatives, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.14–3.31). Results were driven by nonfatal events.

Conclusion

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia relatives with an

LDLR

mutation had an increased long‐term risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
Lectotypification of seven names in Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) from Central Andes
Authors: GUERREIRO CAROLINA , VEGA ANDREA S.
Published: June 2017

Lectotypes of seven names of Andean Chusquea are herein designated on the basis of specimens deposited at MOL and US. The names newly lectotypified are Chusquea huantensis, C. inamoena, C. picta, C. polyclados, C. serrulata, C. straminea and C. tarmensis.
Systematics of Yoania prainii (Orchidaceae: Calypsoinae)
Authors: SCHUITEMAN ANDRÉ , AVERYANOV LEONID V.
Published: June 2017

Recently, two new genera of mycoheterotrophic orchids were described from China: Danxiaorchis Zhai, Xing & Liu (2013: e60371) and Yunorchis Liu, Zhang & Li (2015: e123382). Both were considered to be monospecific, and in each case the descriptions were accompanied by a phylogenetic analysis.
The nomenclatural demise of Oncodostigma (Annonaceae): the remaining species transferred to Meiogyne
Authors: XUE BINE , LIU MING-FAI , SAUNDERS RICHARD M.K.
Published: June 2017

Oncodostigma Diels (1912: 143) was erected by Diels (1912) based on the type species O. leptoneura Diels (1912: 143). Five additional species were subsequently added to the genus, viz.: O. wilsonii Guillaumin (1931: 224), O. monosperma (Hooker & Thomson 1872: 57) Sinclair (1951: 605), O. mindorense (Merrill 1907: 273) Bân (1974: 1779), O. hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) and O. microflorum Okada (1996: 8). Van Heusden (1992) conducted a detailed comparative study of the floral morphology of Annonaceae and noted that Oncodostigma is not clearly distinct from Meiogyne Miquel (1865: 12). She subsequently transferred O. mindorense and O. monosperma to Meiogyne and reduced O. wilsonii to synonymy with M. cylindrocarpa (Burck 1911: 433) Heusden (1994: 499). The name Oncodostigma hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) had previously been transferred to Meiogyne by Bân (1973).
Transfer of the Ecuadorian species Oncidium hernandezii to the genus Caucaea (Orchidaceae)
Authors: KOLANOWSKA MARTA , HIRTZ ALEXANDER , SUÁREZ DIEGO FRANCISCO TOBAR
Published: June 2017

The Neotropical genus Caucaea Schlechter (1920: 190) was established based on a small-flowered Colombian species, C. obscura (Lehm. & Krenzl. in Kränzlin 1899: 488) Schlechter (1920: 190) originally described as representative of Rodriguezia Ruiz López & Pavón (1794: 115, t. 25). In 1934, Mansfeld revealed that previously discovered Abola radiata Lindley (1853: 1) is a synonym of Schlechter’s C. obscura. Since the generic name Abola was used earlier by Adanson (1763) for a genus of Poaceae, he proposed to synonymize C. obscura with A. radiata under name Caucaea radiata (Lindl.) Mansfeld (1934: 343). Since this publication the genus had been considered monospecific until Williams et al. (2001) published surprising results of molecular research. According to their study, C. radiata is embedded in clade composed of representatives of Oncidium section Cucullata Kränzlin (1922: 128), which are large-flowered plants. In both C. radiata and Oncidium section Cucullata the lateral sepals are partially connate, the lip callus is rather simple and the gynostemium morphology is similar. The composition of Caucaea was later confirmed by Neubig et al. (2012).
The identity of Senecio topkegolensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from Nepal
Authors: TONG TIAN-JING , REN CHEN , YANG QIN-ER
Published: June 2017

Critical examination of herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants has shown that Senecio topkegolensis described from Nepal is conspecific with S. biligulatus, a species fairly common in the Himalayan region. We therefore place the former in synonymy with the latter.
Lectotypification of Lecanorchis ohwii (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae) with discussions of its taxonomic identity
Authors: SUETSUGU KENJI , HSU TIAN-CHUAN , FUKUNAGA HIROKAZU
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a re-evaluation of the taxonomic identity of Lecanorchis ohwii. Based on the original descriptions and type materials, we noticed that gross morphology of Lecanorchis ohwii could agree well with L. albida . Lecanorchis albida is also a taxonomically complicated species which was considered as a variety or a form of L. cerina , a variety or a synonym of L. kiusiana , a synonym of L. japonica or an independent species. After thorough study of type materials of L. ohwii and L. albida, we can confirm that L. ohwii is conspecific with L. albida but clearly distinguishable from other similar taxa such as L. cerina, L. japonica, and L. kiusiana. We thus treat L. albida as a later synonym of L. ohwii as the latter has priority at species rank. Furthermore, the isotype specimen in KYO is designated as the lectotype, because the holotype of L. ohwii has been lost possibly during the confusion after World War II.
New records, conservation assessments and distribution of Lamiaceae in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern, Brazil
Authors: SOARES ARTHUR DE SOUZA , PASTORE JOSÉ FLORIANO BARÊA , JARDIM JOMAR GOMES
Published: June 2017

This study presents nine new records and the conservation status of Lamiaceae species in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil. The data obtained is based on fieldwork and examination of herbarium specimens. Thirty Lamiaceae species were recorded in RN, of which 16 are native to Brazil, nine are recorded for the first time for the state and one is new to science. The conservation assessments were based on IUCN geographic criteria: Area of Occurrence and Extension of Occurrence of each species. Among the native species, three were classified as Endangered, four as Vulnerable, three are of Least Concern, two are Near Threatened and four are Data Deficient. The highest number of Lamiaceae species, 14 altogether, is embraced by the phytogeographic domain Caatinga, a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, although less than 1% of this region is protected by conservation units. This study reveals the worrying conservation status of Lamiaceae in RN and the need for conservation actions, such as creating new conservation units and monitoring populations in the wild.