bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients With and Without Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Enache Daniela , Cavallin Lena , Lindberg Olof , Farahmand Bahman , Kramberger Milica Gregoric , Westman Eric , Jelic Vesna , Eriksdotter Maria , Ballard Clive , Winblad Bengt , Wahlund Lars-Olof , Aarsland Dag
Published: July 2014

Objective:

To determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in older people with and without Alzheimer disease (AD).

Method:

A total of 368 memory clinic patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment, and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) were included. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of 8 or higher on Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia or use of antidepressant medications. Magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography scans were rated for medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), using the Scheltens scale. For a subsample (n = 57 patients), hippocampal volume was manually traced.

Results:

Based on visual assessment, AD patients with depressive symptoms had less atrophy of the right medial temporal lobe (odds ratio [OR] for having MTA: 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.99) and decreased scores on Scheltens scale for the left medial temporal lobe (OR: 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.96) in comparison to AD patients without depressive symptoms. In the subgroup where manual tracing was used to measure hippocampal volume, people with SCI experiencing depressive symptoms had smaller right (mean difference: 0.28 cm3; P = .005) and left (mean difference 0.32 cm3; P = .002) hippocampal volumes compared to people with SCI who did not have depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

Hippocampal atrophy was more pronounced among patients having SCI with depressive symptoms, while the medial temporal lobe was less atrophic in patients having AD with depressive symptoms than those without depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that different mechanisms underlie depression in older people with and without AD and may explain some of the inconsistent observations in previous studies.
Practice Does Not Make Perfect
Authors: Mosing Miriam A. , Madison Guy , Pedersen Nancy L. , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Ullén Fredrik
Published: July 2014

The relative importance of nature and nurture for various forms of expertise has been intensely debated. Music proficiency is viewed as a general model for expertise, and associations between deliberate practice and music proficiency have been interpreted as supporting the prevailing idea that long-term deliberate practice inevitably results in increased music ability. Here, we examined the associations ( rs = .18–.36) between music practice and music ability (rhythm, melody, and pitch discrimination) in 10,500 Swedish twins. We found that music practice was substantially heritable (40%−70%). Associations between music practice and music ability were predominantly genetic, and, contrary to the causal hypothesis, nonshared environmental influences did not contribute. There was no difference in ability within monozygotic twin pairs differing in their amount of practice, so that when genetic predisposition was controlled for, more practice was no longer associated with better music skills. These findings suggest that music practice may not causally influence music ability and that genetic variation among individuals affects both ability and inclination to practice.
Caregivers’ Management of Schooling for Their Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Swart Suretha , Hall Wendy A. , McKee William T. , Ford Laurie
Published: July 2014

In this article we describe a grounded theory study of how caregivers of school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) managed their children’s schooling. We completed 30 interviews with 17 caregivers residing in a western Canadian province, as well as document analysis and 25 hours of participant observation. We used constant comparative analysis to construct our substantive theory: intertwining to fit in. The core variable is an iterative cycle caregivers used to resolve their main concerns: preventing their children from failing academically and in social interactions and preventing themselves from being regarded as unacceptable parents. To intertwine to fit in, caregivers used two strategies: orchestrating schooling and keeping up appearances. They also regulated their relationships with their children. “Intertwining to fit in” contributes to the literature on attachment and parenting and extends explanations about caregivers’ advocacy for their children with FASD. The theory has implications for school personnel and practitioners, as well as researchers.
Determining the time of bulge formation in an elastomeric tube as it inflates, elongates and alters chemorheologically
Authors: Wineman Alan
Published: July 2014

An elastomeric cylindrical membrane with ends attached to rigid end caps is inflated and extended by a fluid that accesses its interior though one of the end caps. The membrane is at a high enough temperature that it undergoes microstructural changes due to simultaneous scission and re-crosslinking of macromolecular network junctions. Motivated by the known elastic response at lower temperatures, it is assumed that the membrane undergoes time-dependent extension and inflation. The deformation history is axially symmetric and nearly cylindrical for short times. There is then a time when a bulge-like deformation starts to form. This is treated as branching from the cylindrical deformation. For times beyond this ‘branching time’, the governing equations are satisfied by both the continuation of the initial deformation and the branched deformation. Criteria are derived for determining this branching time for two different assumptions about the branched response: when it is another cylindrical deformation and when it is a non-homogeneous bulge-shaped deformation.
International business and trust
Authors: Labarca Claudia
Published: July 2014

There is academic consensus that trust facilitates economic cooperation since it helps to mobilize resources, acts as a mechanism to cope with uncertainty, diminishes transaction costs and reduces system complexity. In cross-cultural management, trust has been acknowledged as a facilitator of economic relations. Nevertheless, its nature, definition and sources are still debated from antagonistic and sometimes exclusive perspectives. Additionally, trust research has been pointed out as acontextual, which limits trust understanding across the cultures that interact in a global economy. This article attempts to enrich this debate by analysing the sources of trust within a cross-cultural case study: the Sino-Chilean economic exchange. Using a qualitative methodology, and based on empirical research, the article examines the contextual setting in which the Sino-Chilean relationship is embedded and proposes sinicization as an alternative source for trust, understood here as a rationally driven, restricted form of cultural adaptation adopted by the weakest party in the relationship, which is able to embrace different perspectives on trust building.
Agonist-induced platelet procoagulant activity requires shear and a Rac1-dependent signaling mechanism
Authors: Delaney Michael Keegan , Liu Junling , Kim Kyungho , Shen Bo , Stojanovic-Terpo Aleksandra , Zheng Yi , Cho Jaehyung , Du Xiaoping
Published: July 2014

Key Points

Physiological shear induces membrane scrambling and microvesiculation in agonist-stimulated platelets. Rac1 plays a general role in the platelet procoagulant response to shear and is important for coagulation in vitro and in vivo.
Setting the table for macrophages
Authors: Miles Lindsey A. , Parmer Robert J.
Published: July 2014

In this issue of Blood, Das et al assign a very novel and unanticipated function to plasminogen by showing that it is an enhancer of the phagocytic function of macrophages.1
Exogenous spermidine-induced changes at physiological and biochemical parameters levels in tomato seedling grown in saline-alkaline condition
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Li , Hu Xiao-Hui
Published: July 2014

Background

Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables, and middle tolerance for salt stress. Spermidine (Spd) has an important role in plant defense mechanisms against abiotic stress; however, relatively few data are available regarding Spd in responses of tomato to saline-alkaline stress. The effect of 0.25 mmol/L Spd on some physiological parameters of two tomato cultivars grown in 75 mmol/L saline-alkaline solutions were studied. Two cultivars are cv. Jinpeng chaoguan which is a highly salt-tolerant ecotype and cv. Zhongza No. 9 which is more salt-sensitive ecotype.

Results

Saline-alkaline stress upset nitrogen metabolism, induced the antioxidant enzyme activities, and accumulated much more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmoregulation substances in two tomato cultivars leaves. Under saline-alkaline stress condition, Spd-treated seedlings accumulated more osmoregulation substances and had greater activities of antioxidative enzymes. Exogenous Spd counteracted the stress-induced increase of contents of malondialdehyde and ammonium, glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and decreased in nitrate, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities. Additionally, the effect of Spd was more significantly in salt-sensitive cultivar ‘Zhongza No. 9’.

Conclusions

Overall, exogenous spermidine can attenuate negative effects of saline-alkaline stress on tomato seedlings which effects may depend on the plant species, and even cultivars.
How Global Capitalism Transforms Deng Xiaoping
Authors: Hung Ruth Y. Y.
Published: July 2014

The notion that Deng Xiaoping had kept the PRC afloat both in Mao Zedong’s collapsing economy and away from the former Soviet Union’s suicidal “path to freedom” enjoys some popularity today. “To date, no socialist country had successfully—and without serious disruptions—made the shift from a planned economy to a sustained open, market-based economy,” writes Ezra F. Vogel. This essay reviews Vogel’s book, entitled Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China. The essay has two tasks. The first is to look at how Vogel’s narrative identifies China’s recent “transformation” into a global economic power with Deng’s “socialism with Chinese characteristics.” Specifically, it lays out how Vogel celebrates Deng’s role as “the general manager” of China’s post-1978 “opening” and in so doing defines the temporal relation between China’s modernity and global capitalist modernity. The second task of this essay is to place Vogel’s interpretation of China against the ideological hegemony of global capitalism. Vogel enjoys marked success in spinning a legend out of China’s experience of “transformation” because, importantly, he contributes to the discourse of global capitalism. In Vogel’s legend, Deng appears as the corrector of Mao, who set China on the road to recovery and “rise.” What is missing in this legend are the legacy of China’s revolutionary past and the darker sides of Deng’s career, most notably June 4. In evaluating Deng’s historical place, Vogel ensures that people “concerned about human life and the pursuit of liberty” “know” about Deng’s contribution to China’s “spectacular” economic growth.
The serotonin 6 receptor controls neuronal migration during corticogenesis via a ligand-independent Cdk5-dependent mechanism
Authors: Jacobshagen Moritz , Niquille Mathieu , Chaumont-Dubel Séverine , Marin Philippe , Dayer Alexandre
Published: July 2014

The formation of a laminar structure such as the mammalian neocortex relies on the coordinated migration of different subtypes of excitatory pyramidal neurons in specific layers. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a master regulator of pyramidal neuron migration. Recently, we have shown that Cdk5 binds to the serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Here, we investigated the role of 5-HT6R in the positioning and migration of pyramidal neurons during mouse corticogenesis. We report that constitutive expression of 5-HT6R controls pyramidal neuron migration through an agonist-independent mechanism that requires Cdk5 activity. These data provide the first in vivo evidence of a role for constitutive activity at a GPCR in neocortical radial migration.
Patient positioning for duplex ultra-sound scanning of the leg vessels
Authors: Schwahn-Schreiber C. , Kleine M.-W. , Marshall M.
Published: July 2014

Zu einer verlässlichen Standardisierung der diagnostischen Befunderhebung und der Befunddokumentation bei der farb-duplexsonographischen Untersuchung des Beinvenen-systems gehört eine einheitliche, standardisierte Patientenlagerung bei der Duplex-Untersuchung. Wir haben uns bemüht, spezielle Argumente für eine differenzierte duplexsonographische Untersuchung des Beinvenen-systems im Liegen gegenüber der routinemäßigen, ausschließlichen Untersuchung im Stehen darzustellen. Selbstverständlich wird man je nach diagnostischer Fragestellung oder Befund eine angepasste Wahl der Patientenlagerung – liegend, sitzend, stehend – vornehmen.

Unseres Erachtens ist eine differenzierte, aufwändige Refluxdiagnostik die Domäne der Untersuchung im Liegen. Dies trifft auch für die Beurteilung des Krossenrezidivs zu. Da große, relevante Refluxwege mit der Untersuchung im Stehen üblicherweise ausreichend dargestellt und dokumentiert werden können, kann damit die Indikation für große varizenausschaltende Maßnahmen durchaus abgesichert werden.

Bei der Untersuchung der Beinarterien ist die Waagerechtlagerung des Patienten soweit möglich für die Knöchelarteriendruckmes-sung obligat. Die Untersuchung des Lymph-gefäßsystems mit der hochauflösenden Duplexsonographie wurde nur gestreift, da es keine speziellen lagerungsbedingten Untersuchungsprobleme gibt.
Sourcing: Which varicose vein is relevant to the ulcer?
Authors: Miesel A. , Kahle B. , Niemer M.
Published: July 2014

Bei einem 41-jährigen Patienten mit einem prätibialen Ulkus konnte die varikös veränderte Vena saphena parva mittels „Sourcing“ als ulkusrelevant identifiziert werden. Es wurde eine Schaumsklerosierung durchgeführt, die bereits innerhalb einer Woche zu einer Größenregredienz des Ulkus führte.
Análisis de notas de prensa en torno al encuadre sociopolítico de tarifas hídricas
Authors: Carreón Guillén Javier , Hernández Valdés Jorge , García Lirios Cruz , Rivera Varela Bertha Leticia , Morales Flores María de Lourdes
Published: July 2014

El encuadre sociopolítico ha sido un instrumento de análisis en torno a la influencia de los medios de comunicación sobre la opinión pública. La difusión del tandeo y los subsidios asociados a la gestión desregulada del Estado, es analizada en el presente estudio para esclarecer la influencia de los medios impresos en la salud pública y el Desarrollo Local. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte cualitativo con la técnica de análisis de contenido en la que se llevó a cabo una selección no probabilística de 103 notas de prensa considerando el periodo que va de enero del año 2000 a diciembre del año 2012. Los resultados muestran que el encuadre socioeconómico es superior al encuadre sociopolítico identificado como preponderante en la literatura. En referencia a los estudios del estado del conocimiento, las implicaciones de ambos encuadres para la democratización de la administración de los servicios hídricos, la percepción de salud pública ambiental y el Desarrollo Local Sustentable fueron discutidas.
A Tunable Bandstop Filter Using Thin Film Barium-Strontium-Titanate Varactors
Authors: Alzahrani S. , Kalkur T.S
Published: July 2014

Ferroelectric barium-strontium-titanate (BST) varactors are becoming extremely important particularly for frequency-agile RF and microwave circuits. Tunable bandstop filters are desired to eliminate unwanted signals for several communication systems. In this paper, a compact tunable bandstop filter (BSF) based on a single hairpin resonator, using ferroelectric BST varactors, is also presented. The frequency response of proposed BSF can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the length, width, and space for the coupled line hairpin resonator. One pair of variable capacitors has been incorporated to the filter for tuning and miniaturization purposes. The notch frequency of BSF can be tuned from 705 MHz to 1.035 GHz with a tuning voltage of 6 Volts utilizing BST varactors.
Coexistence of competitors in marine metacommunities: environmental variability, edge effects, and the dispersal niche
Authors: Aiken Christopher M. , Navarrete Sergio A.
Published: July 2014

Theoretical studies have shown that coexistence between competitors can be favored in a spatially heterogeneous environment by a number of mechanisms, which ultimately allow the expression of persistent or transitory variation in species competitive abilities, colonization, or reproduction. Four distinctive paradigms to model metacommunities have been identified according to assumptions about the biology of the species and essential aspects of the environment. Missing from these are mechanisms of coexistence that can arise from the dispersal process itself without explicit spatial heterogeneity or biological trade‐offs. These mechanisms have only recently received attention, but they may be common in marine communities and other systems in which dispersal is obligatory and modulated by the physical environment. We investigate coexistence in spatially homogeneous metacommunities where there is no partitioning of resources, no competition–colonization trade‐off, and no possibility of source–sink dynamics. Coexistence is shown to be possible through three distinct mechanisms related to the dispersal process itself. Firstly, in a neutral scenario, inclusion of temporal variability in the connectivity matrix, emulating an intrinsic attribute of ocean character and other turbulent environments, can promote the invasion of an equally matched competitor and, in a hierarchical competition scenario, the persistence of an otherwise unviable, inferior competitor (the dispersal variability mechanism). Secondly, a sufficiently large difference in the shape of the time‐independent dispersal kernels of the two species, which may result from differences in larval‐release timing, buoyancy, or behavior, can produce stable coexistence in the center of their shared range (the dispersal‐shape mechanism). Thirdly, asymmetry in the dispersal process due to biased advection renders the metapopulation model reactive, such that small variations in the upstream abundances can be sufficient for the subordinate species to stably persist (the dispersal‐bias mechanism). These results demonstrate that a subordinate species may persist by occupying a dispersal niche that differs sufficiently from that of the dominant species. Further theoretical research is necessary to develop simple empirical tests for these and other dispersal‐based coexistence mechanisms.
Combination of morphometric and isotopic tools for studying spring migration dynamics in Episyrphus balteatus
Authors: Raymond Lucie , Vialatte Aude , Plantegenest Manuel
Published: July 2014

Migration and population dynamics are important in organisms that provide ecosystem services as they determine the occurrence of individuals in a given place at a given time, which, in turn, determines the efficiency of the service provided. To design appropriate landscape management strategies to improve the efficiency of biological control, it is essential to know the origin of beneficial insects that colonize agricultural fields. However, studying migration dynamics in insects is complicated by their small size and short life span which largely prevent the use of conventional techniques based on capture‐mark‐recapture, or remote sensing.

Stable isotopes and morphological characters are intrinsic markers that can be used to infer the geographical origin of many organisms including insects. In this study, we first determined whether the hydrogen isotopic ratio and the wing morphometrics are appropriate markers to study the spring migration dynamics of a major aphidophagous hoverfly species (Episyrphus balteatus). To this end, we assessed the magnitude of variation of these indicators in seven populations along a north‐south gradient in Western Europe. Second, we used the two markers in E. balteatus individuals collected in a French agricultural landscape over the course of the spring to assess the proportion of immigrants from southern regions and the period of immigration.

Our results revealed uncertainties associated with the use of the hydrogen isotopic ratio and wing morphometrics, but showed that the spring population of E. balteatus in Western France very likely comprises mainly local individuals, with the probable arrival of some immigrants from nearby regions located further south. The low proportion of immigrants in the spring population has important implications for the biological control provided by E. balteatus in terms of landscape management strategies.
Kernel methods for pier scour modeling using field data
Authors: Pal Mahesh , Singh N. K. , Tiwari N. K.
Published: July 2014

Three kernel-based modeling approaches are proposed to predict the local scour around bridge piers using field data. Modeling approaches include Gaussian processes regression (GPR), relevance vector machines (RVM) and a kernlised extreme learning machine (KELM). A dataset consisting of 232 upstream pier scour measurements derived from the Bridge Scour Data Management System (BSDMS) was used. The radial basis kernel function was used with all three kernel-based approaches and results were compared with support vector regression and four empirical relations. Coefficient of determination value of 0.922, 0.922 and 0.900 (root mean square error, RMSE = 0.297, 0.310 and 0.343 m) was achieved by GPR, RVM and KELM algorithm respectively. Comparisons of results with support vector regression and Froehlich equation, Froehlich design, HEC-18 and HEC-18/Mueller predictive equations suggest an improved performance by the proposed approaches. Results with dimensionless data using all three algorithms suggest a better performance by dimensional data.
Combined prevalence of inherited skeletal disorders in dog breeds in Belgium
Authors: Broeckx B. , Verelst E. , Deforce D. , Saunders J. , Duchateau L. , Verhoeven G. , Coopman F.
Published: July 2014

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD), canine elbow dysplasia (CED), and humeral head osteochondrosis (HHOC) are inherited traits with uneven incidence in dog breeds. Knowledge of the combined prevalence of these three disorders is necessary to estimate the effect of the currently applied breeding strategies, in order to improve the genetic health of the population. Official screening results of the Belgian National Committee for Inherited Skeletal Disorders (NCSID) revealed that an average of 31.8% (CHD, CED, or both; n = 1273 dogs) and 47.2% (CHD, CED, HHOC, or a combination of these three diseases; n = 250 dogs) of dogs are mildly to severely affected by at least one skeletal disorder. According to the current breeding recommendations in some dog breeds in Belgium, these animals should be restricted (mild signs) or excluded (moderate to severe signs) from breeding. The introduction of genetic parameters, such as estimated breeding values, might create a better approach to gradually reduce the incidence of these complex inherited joint disorders, without compromising genetic population health.
O que fazer com a pequena agricultura? As soluções diante da conservação
Authors: Teixeira Cristina
Published: July 2014

A proteção ambiental desenvolvida nos limites da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA ) de Guaraqueçaba,litoral norte do Paraná, exigiu dos atores da conservação a reflexão sobre o que fazer com a pequenaagricultura, desenvolvida pela maior parte da população que ali se encontrava há muitos anos. Aindaque todas as soluções apresentadas tenham sido definidas em função da conservação, observa-se queelas sofreram mudanças ao longo do processo de proteção ali instaurado. Este artigo analisa a relaçãoentre as soluções e os diferentes atores envolvidos com a conservação nos limites da APA, no período compreendido entre 1981 e 2000.
O pensamento ecossistêmico para uma visão de sociedade e natureza e para o gerenciamento integrado de recursos
Authors: Milioli Geraldo
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho examina e analisa o conceito de ecossistema, seus desdobramentos e como pensá-lo numaperspectiva integrada e complexa, à luz do desenvolvimento teórico-científico dos últimos anos. Paraisso, foi realizada uma revisão no sentido de entender este movimento baseado numa conotação holísticae associada ao desenvolvimento da teoria geral dos sistemas, enquanto um método que aponta parasolução de problemas e adequado ao estudo da terra e do relacionamento que envolve economia, naturezae sociedade. De uma ótica que avança o reducionismo da ciência clássica e de corte unidimensional, oartigo remete para a mudança na maneira de se olhar o mundo, ao explorar um viés teórico que ressaltavariáveis como incerteza, diversidade e complexidade. Ao abordar teoricamente a perspectiva holísticae situar o homem como parte da natureza e os seus inter-relacionamentos, o desafio subseqüente, eque procuramos debater aqui, é como articular, de maneira prática, a abordagem ecossistêmica. Nessesentido, ressaltamos os obstáculos e princípios do ecossistema integrado; os desafios; a abrangênciamulti-interdisciplinar; os aspectos de preocupação relacionados à questão; além de lançar elementos decortes metodológicos para sua operacionalização no contexto de projetos de gerenciamento integrados de recursos (GIR).
Planejamento regional e a questão ambiental em Santa Catarina: caminhos e descaminhos
Authors: Butzke Luciana , Theis Ivo Marcos
Published: July 2014

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o planejamento regional e urbano em Santa Catarina tendocomo referencial teórico e normativo o planejamento para o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável.Parte-se do pressuposto de que a experiência catarinense de planejamento possui características doplanejamento convencional que prioriza a dimensão econômica, o curto prazo, é centralizado e tratainadequadamente as desigualdades regionais e urbanas, bem como a problemática ambiental. Examinasea experiência de planejamento em Santa Catarina, indicando as características do planejamento convencionale identificando os aspectos que apontam em direção ao planejamento para o desenvolvimentoterritorial sustentável – que recusa a ênfase na dimensão econômica, orienta-se para o longo prazo, é denatureza transdisciplinar, descentralizado e participativo. A questão proposta é analisada de forma arevelar os caminhos e descaminhos do planejamento regional e urbano em Santa Catarina, tendo comohorizonte o planejamento para o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável.
Leitura ecologista da Carta de Epicuro a Meneceus: atualidade de um texto grego antigo para se pensar a relação da humanidade com a natureza
Authors: Deleage-Perstunski Edith
Published: July 2014

Há três motivos para reler hoje o texto grego antigo de Epicuro: nossa civilização é a da crise dasciências européias, o niilismo da cultura pós-moderna e da Razão bárbara...Filosofar no atual século éinterrogar a «questão natural» dominante e propor uma ética para nossa civilização tecnológica; quaissão os pressupostos e as implicações da pesquisa ligada ao desenvolvimento tecno-científico? Epicuro,no século IV a.C., em sua carta a seu amigo Menecéias, o aconselha de seguir algumas regras para vivercom prazer. Estas são as de um tipo-ideal ecológico que permitem de bem viver com a terra habitada pornós. Uma releitura nostálgico-utópica de um texto de filosofia epicúrea.
Temporalidades amazônicas: uma contribuição à Ecologia Política
Authors: Porto-Gonçalves Carlos Walter
Published: July 2014

O artigo que ora se apresenta tem como foco as múltiplas temporalidades amazônicas, dos pontos devista geológico, geomorfológico, arqueológico, antropológico e histórico e suas expressões temporaisatuais. Resultante de um conjunto de conferências sobre a temática com base numa avaliação do pensamentopolítico crítico e da crise civilizacional, coloca em realce duas matrizes de conhecimento a partirde várias contribuições científicas recentes e do rico conhecimento que advém dos diversos povos quevivem na Amazônia. Balizado no diálogo de saberes, o artigo propõe a formulação de outra política emrelação à região que aponte para um novo porvir.
Tornar discutível: tratamento político de uma herança tecnológica
Authors: Barthe Yannick
Published: July 2014

Os procedimentos de consulta que têm se desenvolvido há alguns anos no domínio das ciências e das técnicas são geralmente denunciados como meras formas de manipulação dos cidadãos para legitimar decisões já tomadas. Esta percepção não dá conta. no entanto, do caráter freqüentemente ambivalente deste tipo de procedimento que, além de canalizar as controvérsias. tem por resultado aumentar a "discutibilidade" dos problemas e explicitar concretamente o rol de escolhas possíveis. Assim, a partir docaso das audiências públicas organizadas em 1990 pelo Parlamento francês sobre a questão da estocagemdos dejetos nucleares, este artigo mostra como um dispositivo de eonsulta pode tanto contribuir para daros parâmetros para a controvérsia como para abrir a "caixa-preta" das deeisões técnicas consideradas a priori como irreversíveis.
Princípio de precaução e preocupação ética: um casamento racional?
Authors: Vermersch Dominique , Matthee Marielle
Published: July 2014

xxx
Qual o futuro do trabalho na agricultura francesa?
Authors: Deléage Estelle
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar formas alternativas de organização do trabalho na "agricultura camponesa" em oposição à agricultura produtivista dominante. Tendo como referência camponeses organizados no Oeste de França, o texto mostra como a partir do desenvolvimento da agricultura ecológica - sustentável - os agricultores, através de suas atividades, passam a dar sentido às suas vidas. A noção moderna de trabalho é contemporânea ao desenvolvimento do capitalismo industrial. O trabalho produtor de utilidade toma-se, assim, o centro da atividade econômica, atividade esta sobre a qual Adam Smith é um dos primeiros a construir uma teoria unificada. Desde que começa a se generalizar esta forma de trabalho, sobretudo nas sociedades onde o tempo compensado com salário se toma um dos maioresrecursos da população, instaura-se por muito tempo (ou a partir de então) uma visão depreciativa do trabalho camponês. O arquétipo do trabalhador se toma o operário de usina e as atividades camponesas passam a ser vistas como o resíduo de uma forma arcaica do trabalho, estimulando-se o seu desaparecimento. Gostaríamos de propor uma outra forma de ver a questão a partir de alguns elementos de reflexão teórica, e dos primeiros resultados de uma enquête em andamento sobre a emergência no mundo agrícolade novas formas de organização do trabalho. Estas últimas contradizem as formas e as visões clássicas do trabalho camponês. Nossa hipótese é que elas prevêem a emergência de novas formas desalienadas do trabalho. Na realidade, em oposição aos agricultores "produtivistas" que, na maior parte, passam seu tempo "a ganhar sua vida", os agricultores "sustentáveis", objeto deste estudo, criam novas formas deatividade agrícola, que dão sentido a eles mesmos, em resposta às crises múltiplas do modelo produtivista dominante.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 3, No. 3
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: July 2014

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2014
H3K27 modifications define segmental regulatory domains in the Drosophila bithorax complex
Authors: Bowman Sarah K , Deaton Aimee M , Domingues Heber , Wang Peggy I , Sadreyev Ruslan I , Kingston Robert E , Bender Welcome
Published: July 2014

The bithorax complex (BX-C) in Drosophila melanogaster is a cluster of homeotic genes that determine body segment identity. Expression of these genes is governed by cis-regulatory domains, one for each parasegment. Stable repression of these domains depends on Polycomb Group (PcG) functions, which include trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). To search for parasegment-specific signatures that reflect PcG function, chromatin from single parasegments was isolated and profiled. The H3K27me3 profiles across the BX-C in successive parasegments showed a ‘stairstep’ pattern that revealed sharp boundaries of the BX-C regulatory domains. Acetylated H3K27 was broadly enriched across active domains, in a pattern complementary to H3K27me3. The CCCTC-binding protein (CTCF) bound the borders between H3K27 modification domains; it was retained even in parasegments where adjacent domains lack H3K27me3. These findings provide a molecular definition of the homeotic domains, and implicate precisely positioned H3K27 modifications as a central determinant of segment identity.
Coupled versus uncoupled hindcast simulations of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in the Year of Tropical Convection
Authors: Shelly Ann , Xavier Prince , Copsey Dan , Johns Tim , Rodríguez José M. , Milton Sean , Klingaman Nicholas
Published: July 2014

This study investigates the impact of a full interactive ocean on daily initialized 15 day hindcasts of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), measured against a Met Office Unified Model atmosphere control simulation (atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)) during a 3 month period of the Year of Tropical Convection. Results indicate that the coupled configuration (coupled general circulation model (CGCM)) extends MJO predictability over that of the AGCM, by up to 3–5 days. Propagation is improved in the CGCM, which we partly attribute to a more realistic phase relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and convection. In addition, the CGCM demonstrates skill in representing downwelling oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves which warm SSTs along their trajectory, with the potential to feedback on the atmosphere. These results imply that an ocean model capable of simulating internal ocean waves may be required to capture the full effect of air‐sea coupling for the MJO.
Correlation of cycles in Lava Lake motion and degassing at Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
Authors: Peters Nial , Oppenheimer Clive , Killingsworth Drea Rae , Frechette Jed , Kyle Philip
Published: July 2014

Several studies at Erebus volcano have recorded pulsatory behavior in many of the observable properties of its active lava lake. A strong correlation between the variations in surface speed of the lake and the composition of gas emitted has previously been noted. While previous studies have shown that the SO2 flux and the surface elevation exhibit pulsatory behavior with a similar period to that of the surface speed and gas composition, suggesting they are linked, a lack of overlap between the different measurements has prevented direct comparisons from being made. Using high time‐resolution measurements of surface elevation, surface speed, gas composition, and SO2 flux, we demonstrate for the first time an unambiguous link between the cyclic behavior in each of these properties. We also show that the variation in gas composition may be explained by a subtle change in oxygen fugacity. The cycles are found to be in‐phase with each other, with a small but consistent lag of 1–3 min between the peaks in surface elevation and surface speed. Explosive events are found to have no observable effect on the pulsatory behavior beyond the ∼5 min period required for lake refill. The close correspondences between the varying lake surface motion, gas flux and composition, and modeled oxygen fugacity suggest strong links between magma degassing, redox change, and the fluid dynamics of the shallow magmatic system.
Evaluation of in situ stress changes with gas depletion of coalbed methane reservoirs
Authors: Liu Shimin , Harpalani Satya
Published: July 2014

A sound knowledge of the stress path for coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs is critical for a variety of applications, including dynamic formation stability evaluation, long‐term gas production management, and carbon sequestration in coals. Although this problem has been extensively studied for traditional oil and gas reservoirs, it is somewhat unclear for CBM reservoirs. The difference between the stress paths followed in the two reservoir types is expected to be significant given the unique sorption‐induced deformation phenomenon associated with gas production from coal. This results in an additional reservoir volumetric strain, which induces a rather “abnormal” loss of horizontal stress with depletion, leading to continuous changes in the subsurface formation stresses, both effective as well as total. It is suspected that stress changes within the reservoir triggers formation failure after significant depletion. This paper describes an experimental study, carried out to measure the horizontal stress under in situ depletion conditions. The results show that the horizontal stress decreases linearly with depletion under in situ conditions. The dynamic stress evolution is theoretically analyzed, based on modified poroelasticity associated with sorption‐induced strain effect. Additionally, the failure tendency of the reservoir under in situ conditions is analyzed using the traditional Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion. The results indicate that depletion may lead to coal failure, particularly in deeper coalbeds and ones exhibiting large matrix shrinkage.
Decadal trends in global pelagic ocean chlorophyll: A new assessment integrating multiple satellites, in situ data, and models
Authors: Gregg Watson W. , Rousseaux Cécile S.
Published: July 2014

Quantifying change in ocean biology using satellites is a major scientific objective. We document trends globally for the period 1998–2012 by integrating three diverse methodologies: ocean color data from multiple satellites, bias correction methods based on in situ data, and data assimilation to provide a consistent and complete global representation free of sampling biases. The results indicated no significant trend in global pelagic ocean chlorophyll over the 15 year data record. These results were consistent with previous findings that were based on the first 6 years and first 10 years of the SeaWiFS mission. However, all of the Northern Hemisphere basins (north of 10° latitude), as well as the Equatorial Indian basin, exhibited significant declines in chlorophyll. Trend maps showed the local trends and their change in percent per year. These trend maps were compared with several other previous efforts using only a single sensor (SeaWiFS) and more limited time series, showing remarkable consistency. These results suggested the present effort provides a path forward to quantifying global ocean trends using multiple satellite missions, which is essential if we are to understand the state, variability, and possible changes in the global oceans over longer time scales.
A semianalytical solution for the Boussinesq equation with nonhomogeneous constant boundary conditions
Authors: Dias Nelson L. , Chor Tomás L. , de Zárate Ailín Ruiz
Published: July 2014

The Boussinesq groundwater equation is widely used in hydrology to predict streamflow from an unconfined aquifer and derive the aquifer's saturated hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity, and to predict water table height in drainage engineering. In this work, we solve this equation in an unconfined horizontal aquifer for nonhomogeneous boundary conditions for the water table height. The solution is found in the form of a Taylor series that has a finite radius of convergence, which is different for each initial condition. We also present an expression for the flux boundary condition at the origin as a function of the depth of the adjoining stream that automatically satisfies the boundary condition at infinity, and thus eliminates the need for a trial‐and‐error approach for the solution, which is accurate to 10−7. In order to obtain an approximation for the water table height in the region where the series solution diverges, first we computed a diagonal Padé approximation from the series coefficients, which converges in a larger interval than the series, and then we matched it with a new asymptotic approximation for large values of the independent variable. We found that the proposed matched solution is better suited to cases where the water head at the origin is close to the initial water head in the aquifer.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of 3D Tissue Constructs with Functionalized Graphene
Authors: Shin Su Ryon , Aghaei‐Ghareh‐Bolagh Behnaz , Gao Xiguang , Nikkhah Mehdi , Jung Sung Mi , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza , Kim Sang Bok , Kim Sun Min , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Tang Xiaowu (Shirley) , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: July 2014

Carbon‐based nanomaterials have been considered promising candidates to mimic certain structure and function of native extracellular matrix materials for tissue engineering. Significant progress has been made in fabricating carbon nanoparticle‐incorporated cell culture substrates, but only a limited number of studies have been reported on the development of 3D tissue constructs using these nanomaterials. Here, a novel approach to engineer 3D multilayer constructs using layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of cells separated with self‐assembled graphene oxide (GO)‐based thin films is presented. The GO‐based structures are shown to serve as cell adhesive sheets that effectively facilitate the formation of multilayer cell constructs with interlayer connectivity. By controlling the amount of GO deposited in forming the thin films, the thickness of the multilayer tissue constructs could be tuned with high cell viability. Specifically, this approach could be useful for creating dense and tightly connected cardiac tissues through the co‐culture of cardiomyocytes and other cell types. In this work, the fabrication of stand‐alone multilayer cardiac tissues with strong spontaneous beating behavior and programmable pumping properties is demonstrated. Therefore, this LbL‐based cell construct fabrication approach, utilizing GO thin films formed directly on cell surfaces, has great potential in engineering 3D tissue structures with improved organization, electrophysiological function, and mechanical integrity.
Hierarchical Free‐Standing Carbon‐Nanotube Paper Electrodes with Ultrahigh Sulfur‐Loading for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yuan Zhe , Peng Hong‐Jie , Huang Jia‐Qi , Liu Xin‐Yan , Wang Dai‐Wei , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2014

The rational combination of conductive nanocarbon with sulfur leads to the formation of composite cathodes that can take full advantage of each building block; this is an effective way to construct cathode materials for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density. Generally, the areal sulfur‐loading amount is less than 2.0 mg cm−2, resulting in a low areal capacity far below the acceptable value for practical applications. In this contribution, a hierarchical free‐standing carbon nanotube (CNT)‐S paper electrode with an ultrahigh sulfur‐loading of 6.3 mg cm−2 is fabricated using a facile bottom–up strategy. In the CNT–S paper electrode, short multi‐walled CNTs are employed as the short‐range electrical conductive framework for sulfur accommodation, while the super‐long CNTs serve as both the long‐range conductive network and the intercrossed mechanical scaffold. An initial discharge capacity of 6.2 mA·h cm−2 (995 mA·h g−1), a 60% utilization of sulfur, and a slow cyclic fading rate of 0.20%/cycle within the initial 150 cycles at a low current density of 0.05 C are achieved. The areal capacity can be further increased to 15.1 mA·h cm−2 by stacking three CNT–S paper electrodes—resulting in an areal sulfur‐loading of 17.3 mg cm−2—for the cathode of a Li–S cell. The as‐obtained free‐standing paper electrode are of low cost and provide high energy density, making them promising for flexible electronic devices based on Li–S batteries.
A Pharmacokinetic Model of a Tissue Implantable Insulin Sensor
Authors: Bisker Gili , Iverson Nicole M. , Ahn Jiyoung , Strano Michael S.
Published: July 2014

While implantable sensors such as the continuous glucose monitoring system have been widely studied, both experimentally and mathematically, relatively little attention has been applied to the potential of insulin sensors. Such sensors can provide feedback control for insulin infusion systems and pumps and provide platforms for the monitoring of other biomarkers in vivo. In this work, the first pharmacokinetic model of an affinity sensor is developed for insulin operating subcutaneously in the limit of where mass transfer across biological membranes reaches a steady state. Using a physiological, compartmental model for glucose, insulin, and glucagon metabolism, the maximum sensor response and its delay time relative to plasma insulin concentration, are calculated based on sensor geometry, placement, and insulin binding parameters for a sensor localized within adipose tissue. A design relation is derived linking sensor dynamics to insulin time lag and placement within human tissue. The model should find utility in understanding dynamic insulin responses and forms the basis of model predictive control algorithms that incorporate sensor dynamics.
Large‐Area Antenna‐Assisted SEIRA Substrates by Laser Interference Lithography
Authors: Bagheri Shahin , Giessen Harald , Neubrech Frank
Published: July 2014

Laser interference lithography is utilized to fabricate large‐area plasmonic antenna substrates for surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). Changing the interference condition in each exposure process allows precise control over the geometrical parameters of the structures and thus tailoring of their optical response. Independent of the underlying wafer, the technique enables a homogeneous preparation of antennas over cm2 areas with tunable and high‐quality plasmonic resonances in the near‐ and mid‐infrared spectral range. The broad applicability of such SEIRA substrates is demonstrated by enhancing the infrared vibrational signals of a monolayer octadecanethiol and by monitoring the ultraviolet degradation of a polymer via the decrease of its specific vibrational modes. Due to the large‐area and fast fabrication process, laser interference lithography is ideally suited for the preparation of low‐cost sensing platforms for a variety of different SEIRA applications in the chemical, analytical, and life sciences.
Peptide‐Templated Acyl Transfer: A Chemical Method for the Labeling of Membrane Proteins on Live Cells
Authors: Reinhardt Ulrike , Lotze Jonathan , Zernia Sarah , Mörl Karin , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. , Seitz Oliver
Published: July 2014

The development of a method is described for the chemical labeling of proteins which occurs with high target specificity, proceeds within seconds to minutes, and offers a free choice of the reporter group. The method relies upon the use of peptide templates, which align a thioester and an N‐terminal cysteinyl residue such that an acyl transfer reaction is facilitated at nanomolar concentrations. The protein of interest is N‐terminally tagged with a 22 aa long Cys‐E3 peptide (acceptor), which is capable of forming a coiled‐coil with a reporter‐armed K3 peptide (donor). This triggers the transfer of the reporter to the acceptor on the target protein. Because ligation of the two interacting peptides is avoided, the mass increase at the protein of interest is minimal. The method is exemplified by the rapid fluorescent labeling and fluorescence microscopic imaging of the human Y2 receptor on living cells.