bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Self‐Assembly and Viscoelastic Behavior of Pyrene‐Based Fluorescent Hydrogel: Designing Paper Sensors for Water‐Soluble Explosives
Authors: Pise Suraj , Chatterjee Aritra , Dey Nilanjan
Published: January 2025

Recently organic‐doped polyethyleneimine based hydrogels have emerged as smart responsive materials for optical sensing applications. To this end, herein we have designed and synthesized a biocompatible fluorescent hydrogel based on polyethyleneimine (PEI), incorporating pyrene as the polyaromatic signaling moiety. The self‐assembly properties of the composite materials were primarily influenced by the nature of the organic dopant, the degree of substitution, and the microenvironment. The presence of the polyaromatic scaffold, such as pyrene, not only affects the fluorescence properties of the molecules but also modulates the extent of cross‐linking by controlling π‐π stacking interactions. The hydrogel formation was observed in a methanol‐water (3% v/v) mixture. Additionally, the pyrene‐attached hydrogel demonstrated promising potential for the highly sensitive detection of trinitrophenol (TNP), a toxic, water‐soluble explosive. Spectroscopic investigations revealed that the electrostatic interaction between the ammonium units of PYR‐PEI and picrate anions in aqueous medium facilitated charge transfer from pyrene to the picrate anion, resulting in a fluorescence turn‐off response. Along with fluorometric response, using rheological experiments we show that the viscoelastic behaviour of the polymer gels also varied significantly upon addition of TNP.
Advanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Sensing Technologies for High‐Efficiency Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Ma Chengying , Matin Nazar Ali , Moradi Amir Hossein , Goharian Houra , Mao Gaowei , Yari Melika , Ji Xiaosheng , Dong Sha
Published: January 2025

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as transformative technologies in biosensing, offering unprecedented energy efficiency and precision in monitoring vital physiological signals. This review delves into the cutting‐edge advancements in TENG sensors, highlighting their exceptional potential in bioengineering applications. Key operating mechanisms and advanced materials are explored, with a focus on their impact on sensor sensitivity, durability, and biocompatibility. Cardiovascular monitoring is presented as a pivotal application, where TENG sensors demonstrate exceptional capability in detecting subtle mechanical signals such as pulse waves and heartbeats in real time. Their self‐powered nature eliminates the need for external energy sources, and their inherent scalability and adaptability make them ideal for integration into wearable or implantable devices. Benefits such as miniaturization, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility are discussed, alongside challenges like material fatigue and long‐term stability in biomedical environments. Future directions include optimizing TENG materials for enhanced mechanical robustness and expanding their integration into advanced medical diagnostics. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for leveraging TENG technologies to revolutionize continuous cardiovascular monitoring and broader medical applications.
Efficient Energy Management System for AC–DC Microgrid and Electric Vehicles Utilizing Renewable Energy With HCO Approach
Authors: Sruthi S. , Karthikumar K. , Chandrasekar P.
Published: January 2025

The reliability of various energy sources can be increased and distributed production and renewable energy can be fully integrated into the power grid on a wide scale through the growth and development of the microgrid (MG). Global energy difficulties are brought about by the finite supply of fossil fuels and the world's expanding energy consumption. Due to these challenges, the electric power system has to convert to a renewable energy‐based power generation system to produce clean, green energy. However, because of the unpredictable nature of the environment, the shift toward the use of renewable energy sources raises uncertainty in the production, control, and power system operation. This manuscript proposes a renewable energy‐based energy management system for electric vehicles and AC–DC MGs. The proposed method is Hermit Crab Optimizer (HCO). The major goal of the proposed strategy is to supply steady power regardless of generation disparity, which should stop the storage devices from degrading too quickly. The HCO approach provides a stable power balance for MG operation. The proposed technique efficiently strikes a power balance to meet load requirements and recharge electric cars. By then, the proposed strategy is implemented in the MATLAB platform and the execution is computed with the existing procedure. The proposed technique displays better outcomes in all existing systems like biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), and artificial neural network (ANN). The existing technique shows the cost of 25$, 30$, 35$, 40$, and the proposed technique displays the cost of 20$ which is lower than the other existing techniques.
Effect of Ni Incorporation in KCoPO4 on the Charge Storage Capacity of KCo1 − xNixPO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) Electrodes for the Fabrication of High‐Performing Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Nigam Krishna Gopal , Singh Abhijeet Kumar , Mukherjee Soham , Gupta Asha , Singh Preetam
Published: January 2025

Fulfilling the increasing energy demands of the world through renewable energy sources requires the utilization of a highly efficient large‐scale electrochemical energy storage device. A hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) that consists of a battery‐type electrode coupled with a counter‐capacitive electrode, while in principle offering supercapacitor‐like power, cyclability, and higher energy density, can be a potential device for large‐scale energy storage to cater to the energy needs through renewable energy sources. The KCo0.5Ni0.5PO4 electrode demonstrated notably enhanced electrochemical performance, attributed to the synergistic interaction of Co2+ and Ni2+ ions in a phosphate framework. The incorporation of redox‐mediated diffusive charge storage through the incorporation of Ni2+ on the Co2+ site resulted in a large‐scale charge storage capacity, coupled with capacitive‐type surface charge storage on the KCo1−xNixPO4 electrodes. The KCo0.5Ni0.5PO4 delivers 173 mAh/g (capacitance: 1038 F/g) at a current density of 0.5 A/g in an aqueous 2 M KOH electrolyte, accompanied by cyclic stability up to 5000 cycles. HSC mode consists of activated carbon as the negative electrode along with KNi0.5Co0.5PO4 as the positive electrode, displaying high energy density and power density of 183.7 Wh/kg and 7952 W/kg, respectively, in 2 M aqueous KOH electrolyte. The superior performance in HSC mode makes KCo0.5Ni0.5PO4 a potential positive electrode for the development of high‐performing HSCs.
Mineral Plastics and Gels from Multi‐Arm Ionomers
Authors: Shimony Neta , Gross Adi , Mizrahi Boaz
Published: January 2025

Plastic production and waste are a growing menace that affects the soil, the marine environment, and the air in a cumulative manner. The demand for mineral and bioplastics from renewable and biodegradable materials has therefore increased in all relevant sectors. The use of currently available degradable plastics is, however, limited by their poor mechanical properties and high production costs. In addition, many of today's plastics undergo uncontrolled biodegradation processes that involve harsh or expensive conditions and which may last from months to years. Here, the advantages of using multi‐arm polymers for the production of sustainable mineral plastics are presented. A 4‐arm poly(acrylic acid) is synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization and is reacted with divalent calcium ions to obtain semi‐liquid hydrogel or degradable plastic when dried. The mechanical properties of the different phases are evaluated and compared with linear poly(acrylic acid) of the same molecular weight. The multi‐arm approach yielded improved mechanical characteristics, including self‐healing and biodegradation without compromising other typical hydrogel characteristics. This concept of synthesizing multi‐arm polymers with improved characteristics from building blocks of traditionally linear structures may be applicable to other mineral and bioplastic materials including acrylates, polysaccharides, and DNA.
Sex‐Specific White Matter Abnormalities Across the Dynamic Pain Connectome in Neuropathic Pain: A Fixel‐Based Analysis Study
Authors: Mills Emily P. , Bosma Rachael L. , Rogachov Anton , Cheng Joshua C. , Osborne Natalie R. , Kim Junseok A. , Besik Ariana , El‐Sayed Rima , Bhatia Anuj , Davis Karen D.
Published: January 2025

A fundamental issue in neuroscience is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between brain function and the white matter architecture that supports it. Individuals with chronic neuropathic pain (NP) exhibit functional abnormalities throughout brain networks collectively termed the “dynamic pain connectome” (DPC), including the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and ascending nociceptive and descending pain modulation systems. These functional abnormalities are often observed in a sex‐dependent fashion. However, the enigmatic white matter structural features underpinning these functional networks and the relationship between structure and function/dysfunction in NP remain poorly understood. Here we used fixel‐based analysis of diffusion weighted imaging data in 80 individuals (40 with NP [21 female, 19 male] and 40 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls [HCs]) to evaluate white matter microstructure (fiber density [FD]), macrostructure (fiber bundle cross section) and combined microstructure and macrostructure (fiber density and cross section) within anatomical connections that support the DPC. We additionally examined whether there are sex‐specific abnormalities in NP white matter structure. We performed fixel‐wise and connection‐specific mean analyses and found three main ways in which individuals with NP differed from HCs: (1) people with NP exhibited abnormally low FD and FDC within the corona radiata consistent with the ascending nociceptive pathway between the sensory thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Furthermore, the entire sensory thalamus—S1 pathway exhibited abnormally low FD and FDC in people with NP, and this effect was driven by the females with NP; (2) females, but not males, with NP had abnormally low FD within the cingulum consistent with the right medial prefrontal cortex—posterior cingulate cortex DMN pathway; and (3) individuals with NP had higher connection‐specific mean FDC than HCs in the anterior insula—temporoparietal junction and sensory thalamus—posterior insula pathways. However, sex‐specific analyses did not corroborate these connection‐specific findings in either females or males with NP. Our findings suggest that females with NP exhibit microstructural and macrostructural white matter abnormalities within the DPC networks including the ascending nociceptive system and DMN. We propose that aberrant white matter structure contributes to or is driven by functional abnormalities associated with NP. Our sex‐specific findings highlight the utility and importance of using sex‐disaggregated analyses to identify white matter abnormalities in clinical conditions such as chronic pain.
MicroRNA Profiling of Bone Marrow Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma, Extramedullary Disease, and Plasma Cell Leukemia
Authors: Gregorova Jana , Vlachova Monika , Vychytilova‐Faltejskova Petra , Dostalova Adela , Ruzickova Tereza , Vecera Marek , Radova Lenka , Pospichalova Vendula , Sladecek Stanislava , Hyzdalova Martina , Kotaskova Jana , Jarosova Marie , Masek Josef , Benesova Klara , Jarkovsky Jiri , Rihova Lucie , Bezdekova Renata , Almasi Martina , Boichuk Ivanna , Stork Martin , Pour Ludek , Sevcikova Sabina
Published: January 2025

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by an abnormal increase in monoclonal immunoglobulins. Despite significant advances in treatment, some patients progress to more aggressive forms of multiple myeloma, including extramedullary disease or plasma cell leukemia. Although the exact molecular mechanisms are not known, several studies have confirmed the involvement of small extracellular vesicle‐enriched microRNAs in multiple myeloma progression. Therefore, we performed expression profiling of these molecules in bone marrow plasma of multiple myeloma, extramedullary disease, and plasma cell leukemia patients using small RNA sequencing to identify novel molecules involved in disease pathogenesis. In total, 42 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated among analyzed subgroups. Independent validation by RT‐qPCR confirmed elevated levels of miR‐140‐3p, miR‐584‐5p, miR‐191‐5p, and miR‐143‐3p in multiple myeloma patients compared to extramedullary disease and plasma cell leukemia patients. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between patient clinical characteristics or flow cytometry parameters and microRNA expression. These results indicate that dysregulation of microRNAs could contribute to multiple myeloma progression.
Propensity Score Matching Analysis for Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease
Authors: Duan Fangfang , Song Shanshan , Zhai Hang , Wang Yazhi , Cheng Jun , Yang Song
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the impact of comorbidity with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on the survival rates and incidence of liver cancer in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease (ARLD).

Methods

Patients with ARLD and those with ARLD co‐morbid with CHB were included in this study and designated as the ARLD group and the ARLD + HBV group, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was then employed to compare survival rates and liver cancer development between these two groups.

Results

Among the 404 patients, 254 were in the ARLD group and 150 in the ARLD + HBV group. After propensity score matching, each group comprised 67 patients. Initially, the ARLD + HBV group exhibited lower 5‐year survival rates compared to the ARLD group (51.3% vs. 70.1%, p < 0.001). However, PSM mitigated this difference, with survival rates now comparable (61.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.390). Notably, the ARLD + HBV group showed a higher incidence of liver‐specific mortality after matching (32.6% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.018). Furthermore, although a higher proportion of patients in the ARLD + HBV group developed liver cancer post‐matching, the difference was not statistically significant compared to the ARLD group (15.7% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.170).

Conclusion

Co‐morbidity with CHB in ARLD patients elevates the risk of liver‐related mortality.
A Review on the Role of Human Solute Carriers Transporters in Cancer
Authors: Hossen Md. Shafiul , Islam Mohammed Shafin Ul , Yasin Mohammad , Ibrahim Mohammed , Das Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

The high rate of tumor growth results in an increased need for amino acids. As solute carriers (SLC) transporters are capable of transporting different amino acids, cancer may develop as a result of these transporters' over‐expression due to their complex formation with other biological molecules. Therefore, this review investigated the role of SLC transporters in the progression of cancer.

Methods

We retrieved data from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE regarding the influence of human SLCs on the development of cancer. Articles published in English before August 2024 were included in the study.

Results

The overexpression of SLCs is strongly related to tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in a number of cancer types including thyroid, pancreatic, lung, hepatocellular, and colon cancers. They are crucial for the stimulation of several biological signaling pathways, particularly mTOR kinase activity, which starts a signaling cascade, protein synthesis, cell growth, and proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis of cancerous cells. Furthermore, they contribute to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, which has an impact on the growth, invasion, and death of cancer cells. Thus, SLC transporters become a potential therapeutic target that plays a crucial role in drug resistance, tumor microenvironment regulation, and modulation of immune response.

Conclusion

The review recognized the crucial role of SLC transporters in different types of cancer progression. Therefore, to confirm our findings, a case‐control study is required to investigate the role of amino acid transporters in cancer development.
Horizontal Magnetic Field Influence on Fluid Flow Across a Variable Thickness Rotating Disk With Stretching and Melting Phenomenon
Authors: Rauf Amar , Ramesh Gosikere Kenchappa , Fatima Syeda , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Siddiq Muhammad Kamran
Published: January 2025

An incompressible steady‐state flow of viscous fluid subjected to a variable thickness rotating surface is examined. The laminar flow stream is also affected by the disk stretching. A horizontal magnetic field is applied along the disk to stabilize the flow dynamics depending on its orientation and strength. The implication of a horizontal magnetic field is also effective in regulating the thermal energy in high‐temperature environments such as turbines and nuclear reactors. The thermal features are also characterized by thermal radiation and melting heating. The melting phenomenon is useful in phase‐change materials for efficient thermal storage and release like polymer molding or metal casting. Similarity transformations that account for the variable thickness of the disk surface are utilized to dimensionalize the flow equations and to obtain a self‐similar solution. The numerical scheme Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg (RKF‐45) built‐in package is used for the solution of the normalized flow model. The salient nature of the physical parameters is illustrated in the momentum and thermal fields. The numerical data on skin‐friction coefficient and local Nusselt number at the stretchable surface is also calculated. The graphical results indicate that the flow and temperature profiles are strongly influenced by the physical parameters under consideration. It can be deduced that melting decreases the fluid resistance close to the surface, reducing drag, and in turn increasing flow velocity. The latent energy absorbed during the melting process reduces the effective thermal energy into the fluid that reduces the temperature gradients in the thermal boundary layer flow. The stabilizing effect of the horizontal magnetic field on the flow phenomenon along the radial direction is observed for the angle varying from 0 to 30 degrees. It is seen that the dimensionless radius facilitates the thermal transport phenomenon from the disk surface to the fluid, thus resulting in reduction of the thermal field.
Research progress of DNA methylation in the screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions
Authors: Wang Yunge , Ma Xueping , Zhang Tao , Wang Lingfei , Liu Yunlong , Zhou Guohua , Wu Haiping
Published: January 2025

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors that seriously threaten women's health. Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is closely related to the progression of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening is an effective measure to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. The two most common screening strategies are cytology and HPV testing, but they easily lead to missed diagnosis or overdiagnosis. To overcome such limitations, a new triage method needs to be explored. The World Health Organization second edition guideline includes DNA methylation testing as a new method to be evaluated. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification and is considered to be closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. In recent years, many methylated genes have been found to be biomarkers for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on the role and application of host DNA methylation, HPV DNA methylation, as well as combined host and HPV DNA methylation in the screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
Novel Foamed Magnesium Phosphate Antimicrobial Bone Cement for Bone Augmentation
Authors: Chen Jie , Cheng Ziqing , Wang Jiawen , Ding Huifen , Wang Kai , Deng Ping , Xu Ling , Huang Jiao
Published: January 2025

In dental implant surgery, infection is identified as the primary factor contributing to the failure of bone grafts. There is an urgent need to develop bone graft materials possessing antibacterial characteristics to facilitate bone regeneration. Magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) is highly desirable for bone regeneration due to its favorable biocompatibility, plasticity, and osteogenic capabilities. However, the limited porosity of conventional MPC hinders the nutrient supply, gas diffusion, and cell infiltration, thereby compromising its osteogenic efficacy. This research focused on the fabrication of a highly porous MPC (CaCO3/CA‐MPC) by incorporating citric acid (CA) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as foaming agents. The resulting material demonstrated enhanced physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and antimicrobial effects. When compared with conventional MPC, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) showed improved osteogenic differentiation when cultured with CaCO3/CA‐MPC. The inclusion of foaming agents significantly enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of MPC against both Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results of in vivo anti‐infection experiments in rats revealed that 3%CaCO3/CA‐MPC displayed superior bactericidal activity compared with Bio‐Oss and control groups (p < 0.05), thereby enhancing the anti‐infective outcomes post‐bone grafting and stimulating osteogenesis in the infected bone defect region. The study demonstrated that MPC containing 3%CaCO3/CA exhibited excellent antimicrobial and osteogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential as a promising candidate as bone graft material for dental implant surgeries.
A Theoretical Study on Crossings Among Electronically Excited States and Laser Cooling of Group VIA (S, Se, and Te) Hydrides
Authors: Li Donghui , Fayyaz Faiza , Bian Wensheng
Published: January 2025

Various electronically excited states and the feasibility of direct laser cooling of SH, SeH, and TeH are investigated using the highly accurate ab initio and dynamical methods. For the detailed calculations of the seven low‐lying Λ‐S states of SH, we utilized the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction approach, considering the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) effects. Our calculated spectroscopic constants are in very good agreement with the available experimental results. It is found that, from SH to TeH, the crossing points among the A2Σ+ and three electronically excited states gradually shift downward toward the ground vibrational level of the A2Σ+ state. This is consistent with our previous findings in other molecular systems and makes the laser cooling of TeH unfeasible. Our calculations indicate that the three crossing points, respectively, between the A2Σ+ and a4Σ−, A2Σ+ and B2Σ−, and A2Σ+ and b4Π states of SH, all lie above the v' = 1 vibrational level of the A2Σ+ state, as a result of which the crossings involving electronic states of higher energy would not hinder its laser cooling. Based upon our study on various excited states, we have constructed a viable laser‐cooling scheme for SH, utilizing three laser beams and leveraging the A2Σ+ → X2Π transition. This transition possesses a very large vibrational branching ratio R00 (0.9558), an abundant number of scattered photons (9.30 × 103), and a short radiative lifetime (787 ns). Our work underscores the important role of excited‐state crossings in molecular laser cooling and demonstrates that SH emerges as a very good candidate for ultracold molecules.
Linear or Cyclic? Theoretical Investigation of Astrophysically Relevant Magnesium‐Bearing MgCnH Carbon Chains and Related Isomers
Authors: Gomes A. Karolyna M. S. , Oliveira Ricardo R. , Cardozo Thiago M. , Fantuzzi Felipe
Published: January 2025

Magnesium‐containing molecules, including MgC2H, MgC4H, and MgC6H, have been detected in the interstellar medium, largely facilitated by their high dipole moments. However, despite great efforts, MgC2m + 1H species remain elusive. Given the challenges in obtaining experimental data for these molecules, theoretical studies play a crucial role in guiding their detection. In this work, we present a theoretical analysis of MgCnH isomers (n = 4–7) using density functional theory and coupled‐cluster methods to identify low‐lying isomers and characterize their structural and electronic properties. Our findings reveal that across the entire series investigated, the global minimum geometry is linear for even values of n, whereas for odd values, a cyclic geometry is favored. Additionally, our calculations highlight the enhanced stability of anionic MgCnH− systems, providing insights that could aid future astronomical detections in the interstellar medium.
Navigated instrumentation and ligament tensioning device enhances initial gap acquisition during total knee arthroplasty procedure: A cadaveric study
Authors: Boux de Casson François , Angibaud Laurent , Kerveillant Florian , Nogaret Faustine , Ruffin Joris , Duporté Léonard , Giordano Gérard , Dagneaux Louis
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Gap‐balanced total knee arthroplasty (TKA) technique relies on initial ligament evaluation, particularly in patient‐specific implantation using computer‐assisted technologies. This cadaveric study aimed to compare the reproducibility and reliability of medial and lateral gap measurements between manual stress testing and dynamic ligament balancer.

Methods

Initial gap acquisitions were assessed from eight cadaveric knees (four specimens) during the same navigated TKA procedure by five differently skilled surgeons (three seniors and two juniors). Medial and lateral gaps were sequentially acquired from extension to maximum knee flexion, applying manual stress prior to any bone cuts (conventional technique), and using intra‐articular tensioning device placed between the tibial cut and the native femur (instrumented technique). Reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), stratified by the measurement technique, the type of gaps and the operator experience. Differences in gaps (mm) between techniques were assessed using the Bland and Altmann method.

Results

The instrumented technique showed higher ICCs than the conventional technique for medial and lateral gaps (0.87 vs. 0.60, P = 0.002, and 0.92 vs. 0.25, p < 0.0001, respectively), and showed no difference in ICCs between medial and lateral gap acquisitions (0.87 vs. 0.92, p = 0.8). Senior surgeons achieved higher ICCs than juniors, while non‐significant with both techniques. Differences in gaps between techniques increased with knee flexion angle (0.8, 2.8 and 3.5 mm at 10°, 45° and 90° of flexion angle, respectively) and decreased with the operator experience (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

The instrumented balancing technique offered better reproducibility than using manual valgus and varus stress, when measuring medial and lateral gaps. Tensioning devices may play a significant role in enhancing initial gap acquisition, disregarding the flexion angle and the operator experience.

Level of Evidence

Level IV (observational study involving cadaveric specimens).
Chronic enrichment affects nitrogen removal in tidal freshwater river and estuarine creek sediments
Authors: Smiley Anne Margaret H. , Thompson Suzanne P. , Piehler Michael F.
Published: January 2025

Population growth in coastal areas increases nitrogen inputs to receiving waterways and degrades water quality. Wetland habitats, including floodplain forests and marshes, can be effective nitrogen sinks; however, little is known about the effects of chronic point source nutrient enrichment on sediment nitrogen removal in tidally influenced coastal systems. This study characterizes enrichment patterns in two tidal systems affected by wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) effluent and assesses the impact on habitat nitrogen removal via denitrification. We collected intact sediment cores from prevalent habitats in a tidal freshwater river (TFZ; swamp forest) and a tidal estuarine creek system (EST; salt marsh) upstream and downstream of a WWTF outfall, and quantified dissolved gas fluxes across the sediment‐water interface during wet conditions in early summer and dry conditions in late summer. Data collected during two synoptic water quality monitoring campaigns complimented laboratory experiments to provide environmental context for biogeochemical processing. The two systems exhibited different enrichment patterns such that the river‐dominated TFZ system was characterized by consistently elevated nitrate + nitrite concentrations downstream of the WWTF, whereas precipitation and tidal influence affected nutrient distributions in the EST creek. Downstream sediments in TFZ exhibit an apparent saturation response, while upstream rates may be limited by other factors, such as labile organic matter availability. In contrast, downstream sediments in EST denitrify at higher rates than upstream during wet conditions that may enhance transport of effluent. This work provides information on ecosystem functioning in human‐influenced environments and can be of use in developing nature‐based solutions, such as water treatment wetlands, for nitrogen removal.
ECB‐WQ: A Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR)—Eastern Corn Belt node field‐scale water quality dataset
Authors: King Kevin W. , Williams Mark R. , Bos Janae , Rumora Kathryne , Stinner Jedediah
Published: January 2025

The Eastern Corn Belt (ECB) node of the Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network is representative of row crop agricultural production systems in the poorly drained, humid regions of the US Midwest and a significant focus for addressing water quantity and quality concerns affecting Lake Erie and the Gulf of Mexico. The objectives of this paper were to (1) present relevant background information and collection methodology, (2) provide summary analyses of measured data, and (3) provide details for accessing the dataset and discuss potential database applications. The ECB‐water quality (ECB‐WQ) database is comprised of hydrology and water quality data from three privately owned farms in Northwest Ohio and Northeast Indiana and is available for download through the United States Department of Agriculture Ag Data Commons. The dataset includes information on site characteristics (drainage area and soil type), field management (fertilizer application, planting rate, and yield), and daily discharge and measured nutrient concentrations from surface and subsurface tile drainage outlets. Discharge and water quality vary widely across the ECB and are paramount to developing innovative management strategies that balance crop production goals with environmental targets. Discharge is generally greater from subsurface tile drainage compared to surface runoff. Phosphorus concentrations are typically greater in the surface runoff compared to tile drainage, while nitrogen concentrations are greater in subsurface tile drainage. The ECB‐WQ database was developed to better facilitate understanding of water quantity and quality within this unique, systematic, artificially tile‐drained region and is critical for understanding implications of field management practices, quantifying environmental and production processes, constraining hydrology/water quality models, and informing future water quality policies.
Anatomical dissection influences emotions of podiatry students
Authors: Mohedano‐Moriano Alicia , Romo‐Barrientos Carmen , Flores‐Cuadrado Alicia , Ubeda‐Bañon Isabel , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Jaime , Gil Ruiz Maria Teresa , Saiz‐Sanchez Daniel , Astillero‐Lopez Veronica , Marcos‐Tejedor Felix , Martinez‐Marcos Alino , Viñuela Antonio , Criado‐Alvarez Juan Jose
Published: January 2025

Background

Dissection and examination of prosected cadavers is a tool for teaching anatomy. However, this experience can provoke anxiety and stress among students. This study aims to understand the attitudes, reactions, fears, and anxiety states of podiatry students before their first dissection in addition to evaluate its usefulness as an educational tool for academic training in anatomy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out before and after the dissection room visit of first‐year podiatry students. They were given several questionnaires: State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires (STAI‐state anxiety and STAI‐trait anxiety) and two anonymous questionnaires.

Results

Levels of total emotional anxiety (STAI‐state anxiety) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 16.9 points before practice to 10.9 points after practice. In terms of gender, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in anxiety levels before and after practice. However, female students had significantly (p < 0.05) higher pre‐practice levels of STAI‐state anxiety than male students.

Conclusions

Although 100% of students (3.98 ± 0.149, over 4) expressed satisfaction with the practical's dissection and considered that these contributed significantly to the consolidation of their anatomical knowledge, the experience generated emotional responses that need to be addressed. Higher levels of anxiety were observed among female students, highlighting the need to implement effective coping mechanisms to mitigate emotional reactions, with special emphasis on this population.
Influence of endoscopic sphincterotomy on hepatolithiasis with Oddi sphincter‐preserved cholangioplasty with hepatico‐subcutaneous stoma: A three‐decade, real word cohort study
Authors: Yu Xue , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yunyi , Zhao Xiaoyu , Xu Zhi , Wang Lixin , Hou Chunsheng , Zhang Lingfu , Ling Xiaofeng
Published: January 2025

Background

Hepatolithiasis frequently presents with recurring cholangitis and complications. Oddi sphincter‐preserved cholangioplasty with hepatico‐subcutaneous stoma (OSPCHS), introduced in 1993, has shown favorable long‐term results. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is commonly used, but its impact on OSPCHS outcomes remains unclear.

Methods

From January 1993 to June 2021, 254 patients with hepatolithiasis underwent OSPCHS. A total of 31 patients had prior EST (group with EST, n = 31), while 223 did not (group without EST, n = 223). Perioperative and long‐term outcomes were compared, and risk factors for stone and cholangitis recurrence were analyzed using a Cox regression model.

Results

The immediate and final stone clearance rates were 67.3% and 81.9%, respectively. Patients with prior EST had higher rates of stone recurrence (57.7% vs. 35.7%, p = .031), shorter stone‐free duration (median: 51.5 vs. 112.0 months, p = .001), higher cholangitis recurrence (45.2% vs. 25.6%, p = .023), and shorter cholangitis‐free duration (median: 71.0 vs. 134.0 months, p = .006). Multivariable analysis identified bilateral intrahepatic stones (HR: 1.815, p = .010) and prior EST (HR: 3.157, p = .000) as independent risk factors for stone recurrence, whereas combined hepatectomy was a protective factor (HR: 0.448, p = .001). For cholangitis recurrence, male gender (HR: 2.308, p = .001) and EST (HR: 2.241, p = .009) were independent risk factors, while complete stone clearance reduced recurrence risk (HR: 0.423, p = .002).

Conclusion

Prior EST adversely affects the long‐term outcomes of OSPCHS. Therefore, in the management of hepatolithiasis, emphasis should be placed on preserving the Oddi sphincter.
Modulation of Cell Cycle Kinases by Kaposi's Sarcoma‐Associated Herpesvirus
Authors: Longworth Steven , Damania Blossom
Published: January 2025

The cell cycle is governed by kinase activity that coordinates progression through a series of regulatory checkpoints, preventing the division of damaged cells. The Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes multiple genes that modulate or co‐opt the activity of these kinases, shaping the cellular environment to promote viral persistence. By advancing the cell cycle, KSHV facilitates latent replication and subsequent transmission of viral genomes to daughter cells, while also contributing to the establishment of multiple cancer types. Conversely, during viral lytic replication, KSHV extends the resting phase of the cell cycle to prevent cellular DNA synthesis that would otherwise compete for essential replication precursors. This review will examine the mechanisms KSHV has evolved to control the kinase activity regulating host cell cycle progression.
Recent Advancements and Strategies for Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Production in Yeast
Authors: Kumari Priya , Sharma Juhi , Khare Prashant
Published: January 2025

Recently, the biosynthesis of omega‐3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs) in yeast has witnessed significant advancements. Notably, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play crucial roles in overall human growth, encompassing neurological development, cardiovascular health, and immune function. However, traditional sources of ω3 FAs face limitations such as environmental concerns. Yeast, as a genetically tractable organism, offers a promising alternative for its sustainable production. Recent advancements and strategies in yeast through metabolic engineering led to significant improvements in ω3 FA production, including the optimization of metabolic pathways, enhancement of precursor supplies, and manipulation of gene expression. Moreover, innovative bioprocess approaches, such as fermentation conditions and bioreactor design, have been devised to further maximize its yields. This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent strategies in ω3 FA production within yeast systems, highlighting their contribution to meeting global ω3 FA demand while mitigating environmental impact and ensuring food security.
Kartogenin Enhances Chondrogenic Differentiation of iPSC Derived MSCs (iMSCs) and Improves Outcomes in an Osteochondral Defect Model in Male Rats
Authors: Chihab Samir , Khan Nazir M. , Eng Tracy , Doan Thanh , Kaiser Jarred M. , Drissi Hicham
Published: January 2025

Osteochondral defects (OCD) pose a significant clinical challenge due to the limited self‐repair capacity of cartilage, leading to pain, joint dysfunction, and progression to osteoarthritis. Cellular implantations of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced with treatment of factors, such as small molecule Kartogenin (KGN) to promote chondrogenic differentiation, are promising but these cells often encounter hypertrophy during differentiation, compromising long‐term stability. Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) offer greater proliferative and differentiation capacity than MSCs and may provide a superior source of cells for cartilage repair. We hypothesized that treatment of iMSCs with TGFβ3 and KGN would enhance chondrogenic differentiation and that implanting these pellets into a rat OCD model would promote de novo cartilage regeneration and reduce pain behavior. We pellet cultured iMSCs derived from articular chondrocytes and treated with various conditions of TGFβ3 and KGN. We then assessed the in vivo performance of the pellets using a trochlear osteochondral defect in male Lewis rats. Co‐treatment of iMSC pellets with TGFβ3 and KGN showed more pronounced chondrogenic differentiation than sequential treatment and exhibited stronger expression of chondrogenic genes. Implantation of the TGFβ3/KGN‐treated iMSC pellets into OCD resulted in modest repair, as observed via gross morphology, effectively prevented the onset of joint hyperalgesia, and helped to maintain normal gait out to 12 weeks post‐implantation compared to untreated OCD rats. Our study highlights the potential of KGN to enhance iMSC pellet chondrogenesis, offering a scaffold‐free, cell‐based therapy that could simplify clinical translation and improve outcomes for patients with cartilage injuries.
Muscle Contraction Is Essential for Tendon Healing and Muscle Function Recovery After Achilles Tendon Rupture and Surgical Repair
Authors: Yoneno Moe , Minegishi Yuki , Takahashi Haruna , Takahata Kei , Miyamoto Himari , Usami Yuna , Kokubun Takanori
Published: January 2025

Incomplete tendon healing and postponed muscle weakness after Achilles tendon rupture and surgical repair lead to poor performance in patient activities. Although the effectiveness of postoperative early functional rehabilitation has been proven, the priority and each effect of specific methods in early rehabilitation remain unclear. We hypothesized early muscle contraction exercises without joint motion would promote tendon healing and prevent calf muscle atrophy; in contrast, early static stretching after surgical repair would not contribute to tendon healing and induce calf muscle atrophy. C57Bl/6 mice underwent Achilles tendon rupture and suture repair, followed by different methods of post‐surgery interventions: a non‐exercise group, a Static stretching group, and an Electrical muscle stimulation group. 3 and 5 weeks after surgery, we assessed ex vivo tendon mechanical properties, collagen fiber alignment, and histological muscle properties. Electrical Muscle Stimulation restored the recovery of tendon mechanical properties and muscle strength more quickly than Static stretching. Static stretching had no additional effect on them compared to the non‐exercise. Our results suggested that calf muscle contraction was essential as a post‐surgery early functional rehabilitation to load tensile forces on tendons and improve Achilles tendon healing. Additionally, early muscle contractions naturally promote restoring muscle function after the rupture, but further research is needed to optimize muscle contraction protocols.
Colorectal Cancer and Quality of Life: A Medicare Advantage Study by Race, Ethnicity, and Language
Authors: Bakillah Emna , Rosenthal J. Walker , Syvyk Solomiya , Wirtalla Chris , Sharpe James , Merchant Raina M. , Mehta Shivan J. , Guerra Carmen E. , Kelz Rachel
Published: January 2025

Background and Methods

Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment can influence health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). This study examined HRQOL among older adults undergoing CRC treatment, and the conditional effects of race, ethnicity, and primary language. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare Advantage enrollees ≥ 65 years old who completed the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) (2016−2020). The exposure group answered “Yes” to the current CRC treatment and the control group answered “No.” The primary outcomes were physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Conditional effects by race and ethnicity were analyzed using interaction terms.

Results

Among 184 486 adults, 676 (0.4%) reported current CRC treatment. Those receiving treatment had significantly lower PCS scores (β coefficient −1.98, p < 0.001) and lower MCS scores (β coefficient −0.81, p = 0.018), compared to nontreatment. In the treatment group, Hispanic respondents and Spanish speakers had higher PCS scores (β coefficient 1.96, p = 0.019 and 3.19, p = 0.023, respectively), and respondents identifying as American Indian or Alaska Native had higher MCS scores (β coefficient 8.72, p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Individuals receiving CRC treatment exhibit worse HRQOL. Outcomes differed by race and ethnicity. This study suggests the need to invest in targeted interventions to improve overall HRQOL during treatment for CRC.
Sequence of Chemotherapy May Not Impact Survival After Resection of Pancreatic Tail Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Chang Jenny , Gross Abby , Perlmutter Breanna , Naples Robert , Stackhouse Katherine , Augustin Toms , Joyce Daniel , Simon Robert , Schlegel Andrea , Walsh R. Matthew , Naffouje Samer A. , Parente Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of the body/tail is notably different than PDAC in the head of the pancreas. Surgery plus chemotherapy is known to improve outcomes for all PDAC. The sequence of this therapy is well studied in head cancers yet has never been evaluated systematically in relation to distal pancreatectomy (DP).

Methods

Patients receiving DP for PDAC and who received chemotherapy were included. Patients were compared receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) only, adjuvant (AST) only, both NAST + AST, and who received total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), defined as > 24 weeks NAST before DP. PSM was performed 1:1 between AST and each other group creating quadruplets of patients for analysis. Matching factors were determined by multivariate cox‐regression analysis of factors independently affecting survival. Survival was considered from diagnosis and from surgery to account for potential biases.

Results

In total, 4677 patients were selected with 400 (8.6%) receiving TNT, 536 (11.5%) NAST, 3235 (69.2%) AST, and 506 (10.8%) NAST + AST. A total of 341 quadruplets were selected after PSM. There were no differences in comorbidities, T/N‐stage, retrieved or positive lymph nodes, and margin status after matching. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in median OS between the matched treatment groups (33.71 ± 2.07 vs. 35.22 ± 1.62 vs. 32.53 ± 3.31 vs. 37.88 ± 1.90, respectively; log‐rank p = 0.464). Five‐year OS was not different between the groups (21% vs. 18% vs. 20% vs. 25%, respectively; p = 0.501).

Conclusion

The sequence of chemotherapy and surgery did not impact survival in distal PDAC. Providers should tailor an individualized approach designed to maximize the chance of completing both treatments.
Biodiversity and Rock Exposure Ratio Jointly Affected the Ecosystem Multifunctionality of Karst Evergreen and Deciduous Broad‐Leaved Mixed Forest
Authors: Lu Lihong , Zeng Fuping , Zeng Zhaoxia , Du Hu , Zhang Chen , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2025

As the climax community of karst in southwest China without human disturbance, the mechanisms through which biodiversity maintains ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved mixed forest are still unclear. This study employed structural equation modeling to analyze the correlations between EMF and three key variables: plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, and rock exposure ratio within this karst forest. Plant and soil microbial diversity were the main biotic drivers of EMF. Within these biotic factors, soil microbial diversity provided a preferable explanation for EMF compared to plant diversity, with fungal diversity and the co‐occurrence network complexity playing dominant roles. Functional, species, and phylogenetic diversity indices of plant explain the changes in EMF better than the community‐weighted mean of traits, indicating that the niche complementarity hypothesis holds greater relevance in explaining the biodiversity‐maintenance mechanism of EMF. Moreover, the rock exposure ratio directly affects EMF as well as indirectly through plant diversity. Collectively, soil microbial diversity, plant diversity, and rock exposure ratio account for 87% of the variability in EMF. Specifically, plant diversity, fungal diversity, and its co‐occurrence network complexity exerted a positive and direct impact on EMF, while bacterial diversity mainly affected EMF by positively contributing to fungal co‐occurrence network complexity. These findings emphasized the significance of comprehensive protection of aboveground and underground biodiversity and have strengthened our comprehension of the biodiversity‐maintenance mechanisms of EMF in karst forests.