bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reflection on learning opportunities and the impact they have had on practice
Authors: Senior Yvonne
Published: April 2017

As autonomous health professionals, aesthetic nurses should take advantage of all the learning opportunities that come their way. However, there are some conferences and seminars that are more useful for practice than others, and being able to distinguish what events work for you is advantageous. Yvonne Senior looks back at the highlights and heroes of her nursing education
Building your career capital: why you should avoid following your passion
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: April 2017

Deciding to follow your passion at the beginning of your career is a flawed concept that can potentially lead to frequent job changes, anxiety and regret. Jason Ratcliffe discusses the traits of jobs that people love to do, and some rules to consider to get out there. He also introduces the three basic principles of self-determination theory and how they relate to workplace satisfaction
PR and your clinical practice: reaping the benefits of high-quality marketing
Authors: Smith Victoria , Wiggins Nancy
Published: April 2017

While running a busy clinic, it can often be difficult to find time to invest in an all-important marketing plan for your services. The good news is that there are professionals out there who can help with this and spread the word about the great work you are doing in the field. Victoria Smith and Nancy Wiggins explore what clinic managers should consider when pursuing a PR agency or specialist
Unions fight to put funding on General Election agenda
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: April 2017

Campaigners hope that the widespread cuts to school funding across MPs' constituencies will force political parties to face up to the issue
Can we teach optimism?
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: April 2017

Following last week's article on coping with today's 24/7 news cycle, Dr Stephanie Thornton continues her discussion on optimism – can we (and should we try to) ‘teach’ this in schools?
Lessons in adaptability
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: April 2017

Continuing her focus on helping your students to become adaptable, Karen Sullivan offers some practical evidence-based teaching ideas
The school that abolished punishment
Authors: Lee-Potter Emma
Published: April 2017

The outstanding Kilgarth School caters for boys with social, emotional and mental health difficulties. Recently it took the decision to remove sanctions for poor behaviour. Emma Lee-Potter paid a visit to discover why
Pengembangan Sistem Pakar Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Hepatitis Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Ramdhani Ahmad , Isnanto R. Rizal , Windasari Ike Pertiwi
Published: April 2017

Expert System is a computer technology that can help people solving problems which are mostly applied in medicine. Expert System is system that trying to adopt human knowledge to the computer, so the computer can resolve the issue as done by an expert.. In this study, an Expert System to diagnose hepatitis disease consisting of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C will be created. This expert system to diagnose hepatitis disease is created using PHP programing language and MySQL database using Certainty Factor method. This expert system will ask for an input such as symtomps and blood test, then the result is the possibility of the disease suffered by the patient and an explanation of the disease and its treatment solution. This expert system is able to issue diagnosis results for Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.. Certainty Factor method can be applied to expert systems with simple disease or not complex, such as acute hepatitis disease that is done in this study.
Chivalry, Materialism, and the Grotesque in Don Quijote and Alberto Blest Gana’s El ideal de un calavera
Authors: Vilches Patricia
Published: April 2017

This study analyses chivalry, materialism, and the grotesque in Alberto Blest Gana’s El ideal de un calavera [The Ideal of a Rogue] (1863) under the light of Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quijote’s part II (1615). It underscores the legacy of Cervantes on the Chilean author especially in his reflections on nation building. Unlike its author, Don Quijote eluded restriction and successfully reached the colonies; once there, author and text became a massive influence on intellectuals in the burgeoning Americas. Blest Gana, for example, created protagonists who were multi-dimensional and imbued with quixotic overtones. Praised by his counterparts, he created work that was finely detailed, with a goal of portraying the nation’s cultural practices at specifics points in history. Deploying techniques inspired by Honore de Balzac (also a reader of Don Quijote), Blest Gana illustrated the colourful aspects of his society. His sharp eye depicted and interpreted nationhood and society through the course of dramatic historical events in El ideal de un calavera by shining a bright light on the political and social enemies who emerged in the historical unravelling of the nation in the 1830s. The resulting kaleidoscope of astute, idealistic and cowardly individuals conveyed subtle yet definite Cervantesque tones.
Getting Multiculturalism Right: Deontology and the Concern for Neutrality
Authors: Johnson Matthew
Published: April 2017

In recent years, the notion of pluralism or, as it is often termed, “multiculturalism,” has been subject to critique by a range of public figures on the right of the political spectrum, such as David Cameron, Angela Merkel and Donald Trump. While “multiculturalism” is presented as being antithetical to the traditions of Western societies, it is, in fact, grounded in the same liberal tradition of individual rights as that invoked by those on the right. This article aims to outline the intellectual tradition of deontological or rights-based pluralism, demonstrating that it is an inherent part of the liberal political tradition upon which modern liberal democracies are formed. By tracing ideas derived from John Locke and Immanuel Kant and developed in the modern world by Will Kymlicka, John Rawls and Chandran Kukathas, this article seeks to enable those beyond the discipline of political philosophy to understand the ways in which rejecting pluralism means rejecting core commitments to equality, neutrality, respect and fairness.
Chronic viral hepatitis and its association with liver cancer
Authors: Tu Thomas , Bühler Sandra , Bartenschlager Ralf
Published: April 2017

Chronic infection with hepatitis viruses represents the major causative factor for end-stage liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC). In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the hepatocarcinogenesis associated with chronic hepatitis virus infections. While chronic inflammation (associated with a persistent, but impaired anti-viral immune response) plays a major role in HCC initiation and progression, hepatitis viruses can also directly drive liver cancer. The mechanisms by which hepatitis viruses induce HCC include: hepatitis B virus DNA integration into the host cell genome; metabolic reprogramming by virus infection; induction of the cellular stress response pathway by viral gene products; and interference with tumour suppressors. Finally, we summarise the limitations of hepatitis virus-associated HCC model systems and the development of new techniques to circumvent these shortcomings.
Analysis and identification of influential phenomena on iron losses in embedded permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Breznik Mitja , Goričan Viktor , Hamler Anton , Čorović Selma , Miljavec Damijan
Published: April 2017

This paper presents magnetic flux density behaviour in laminated electrical sheets which affects the results and precision of iron losses calculation in imbedded permanent magnet (IPM) machine. Objective of the research was to analyse all the influential phenomena that were identified through iron loss models analysis, finite element method simulations and iron loss measurements. The presence of phenomena such as harmonic content and rotational magnetic fields are confirmed with finite element method analysis of concentrated and distributed winding IPM machine. A significant magnetic flux density ripple in the rotor of concentrated winding IPM machine in comparison to distributed winding IPM machine is revealed and analysed. Behaviour that affects iron loss in the rotor of synchronous machines in the absence of first order harmonic is analysed. The DC level added to alternating magnetic flux density was used in experiment to mimic magnetic behaviour on the rotor of IPM machine and further to calculate iron losses.
A Modified Intuitionistic Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Aruna Kumar S.V. , Harish B.S.
Published: April 2017

This paper presents a modified intuitionistic fuzzy clustering (IFCM) algorithm for medical image segmentation. IFCM is a variant of the conventional fuzzy C-means (FCM) based on intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory. Unlike FCM, IFCM considers both membership and nonmembership values. The existing IFCM method uses Sugeno’s and Yager’s IFS generators to compute nonmembership value. But for certain parameters, IFS constructed using above complement generators does not satisfy the elementary condition of intuitionism. To overcome this problem, this paper adopts a new IFS generator. Further, Hausdorff distance is used as distance metric to calculate the distance between cluster center and pixel. Extensive experimentations are carried out on standard datasets like brain, lungs, liver and breast images. This paper compares the proposed method with other IFS based methods. The proposed algorithm satisfies the elementary condition of intuitionism. Further, this algorithm outperforms other methods with the use of various cluster validity functions.
Selective bulk liquid membrane carrier facilitated transport of Mg2+ over Li+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ metal ions using naphthaquinone derived redox-switchable ionophores
Authors: Anchaliya Disha , Sharma Uma
Published: April 2017

When the redox-switchable ionophores switch between their oxidized and reduced forms, they demonstrate different ligating abilities in these forms. The redox-switchable naphthaquinone-derived ionophores (D
Green synthesis and characterization of flower-like PbS and metal-doped nanostructures via hydrothermal method
Authors: Kord Mohsen , Hedayati Kambiz , Farhadi Marziyeh
Published: April 2017

In this work, flower-like nanoparticles of lead sulfide (PbS) and metal-doped PbS nanostructures were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method in water as a green solvent. The effect of temperature, precipitating agent and capping agent on the morphology and particle size of the products was investigated. Sugars were used as green, safe, cost-effective, and bio-compatible capping agents. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultra violet-visible spectroscopy. The effect of PbS as a photocatalyst on the degradation of three different azo dyes was investigated. Acid brown, acid violet, and acid blue were totally degraded at 60 min under ultra-violet irradiation.
Synthesis and characterization of GeH2Cp*2 and its structural comparison with SiXHCp*2(X=Cl, H) and SnCl2Cp*2
Authors: Fritzsche Ronny , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Mehring Michael
Published: April 2017

The organogermane GeH
Synthesis and structure of [Na(15-crown-5)][Ph2P(S)OB(C6F5)3] and [Na(15-crown-5)2][Ph2P(S)O···HO(S)PPh2]
Authors: Kather Ralf , Lork Enno , Raţ Ciprian-Ionuţ , Silvestru Cristian , Beckmann Jens
Published: April 2017

The reaction of Ph
Synthesis and structure of the dimericdiorganotinhydroxyphosphinate [t-Bu2Sn(OH)OPPh2O)]2
Authors: Kather Ralf , Lork Enno , Beckmann Jens
Published: April 2017

The reaction of (C
How to name atoms in phosphates, polyphosphates, their derivatives and mimics, and transition state analogues for enzyme-catalysed phosphoryl transfer reactions (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)
Authors: Blackburn G. Michael , Cherfils Jacqueline , Moss Gerard P. , Richards Nigel G. J. , Waltho Jonathan P. , Williams Nicholas H. , Wittinghofer Alfred
Published: April 2017

Procedures are proposed for the naming of individual atoms, P, O, F, N, and S in phosphate esters, amidates, thiophosphates, polyphosphates, their mimics, and analogues of transition states for enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions. Their purpose is to enable scientists in very different fields, e.g. biochemistry, biophysics, chemistry, computational chemistry, crystallography, and molecular biology, to share standard protocols for the labelling of individual atoms in complex molecules. This will facilitate clear and unambiguous descriptions of structural results, as well as scientific intercommunication concerning them. At the present time, perusal of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and other sources shows that there is a limited degree of commonality in nomenclature, but a large measure of irregularity in more complex structures. The recommendations described here adhere to established practice as closely as possible, in particular to IUPAC and IUBMB recommendations and to “best practice” in the PDB, especially to its atom labelling of amino acids, and particularly to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules for stereochemical nomenclature. They are designed to work in complex enzyme sites for binding phosphates but also to have utility for non-enzymatic systems. Above all, the recommendations are designed to be easy to comprehend and user-friendly.
Monoterpenes as a renewable source of biologically active compounds
Authors: Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Volcho Konstantin P. , Yarovaya Olga I.
Published: April 2017

Monoterpenes and their derivatives play an important role in the creation of new biologically active compounds including drugs. The review focuses on the data on various types of biological activity exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-Parkinsonian, antiviral, and antibacterial (anti-tuberculosis) effects. Searching for novel potential drugs among monoterpene derivatives shows great promise for treating various pathologies. Special attention is paid to the effect of absolute configuration of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids on their activity.
Effects of fiber-surface modification on the properties of bamboo flour/polypropylene composites and their interfacial compatibility
Authors: Wang Jian , Dong Jie , Zhang Jianwei , Zhu Baodong , Cui Dongling
Published: April 2017

This work aimed to study the effects of different surface treatments on the morphologies and thermo-mechanical properties of the bamboo flour/polypropylene (BF/PP) composites, which were prepared by melt blending with 15 wt% of filler load. The BF was first pretreated with 10 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 4 h, after which the pre-treated BF was modified by stearic acid and silane. The chemical structure of the treated BF fibers was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results showed that alkali treatment efficiently removed hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Moreover, stearic acid and silane were successfully introduced to the BF surface through chemical bonding. The changes in heat stability of BF investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the presence of treatment contributes to a better thermal stability for BF fibers. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of BF/PP composites displayed not only better dispersion of treated-BF in the polypropylene (PP) matrix, but also improved fiber-matrix interfacial compatibility, especially when silane treatment was used. Accordingly, the mechanical properties improved significantly in the presence of treated-BF.
Gravity beyond Einstein? Part I: Physics and the Trouble with Experiments
Authors: Hauser Jochem , Dröscher Walter
Published: April 2017

This article provides a review of the latest experimental results in quantum physics and astrophysics, discussing their repercussions on the advanced physical theories that go beyond both the SMs (standard models) of particle physics and cosmology. It will be shown that many of the essential concepts of the advanced theoretical models developed over the past 40 years are no longer tenable because they are contradicting the novel data. Most recent results (December 2016) from the Large Hadron Collider revealed no new matter particles up to particle masses of 1.6 TeV/c2, which is in accordance with recent ACME experimental data (2014) that saw no electric dipole moment for the electron as predicted by these theories. Moreover, the LUX experiment (since 2013) did not see any dark matter particles either, thus independently supporting LHC and ACME measurements. Furthermore, experimental particle physics seems to be telling us that dark matter particles (LHC results) do not exist, suggesting that dark matter particles either are more exotic or are more difficult to detect than had been predicted in the past decades (less likely with recent LHC results). Astrophysical observations since 1933, starting with Caltech astronomer Zwicky, however, have provided irrefutable evidence for the existence of dark matter, for instance, based on the phenomenon of gravitational lensing as well as observed rotational velocities of stars orbiting the galactic center that are deviating from Newton’s law. Surprisingly, recent astronomical observations by Bidin, ESO (2010, 2012, 2014), seem to indicate the absence of dark matter within galaxies. In addition, cosmology at present has no explanation for about 68 % of the energy in the Universe that comes in the form of dark energy. Recently, measured data from three entirely different types of experiments both on earth and in space (2006–2011) are hinting at completely novel features of gravity that, if confirmed, must be outside Einstein’s general relativity. Extreme gravitomagnetic and gravity-like fields may have been observed at cryogenic temperatures generated by a rotating ring or disk. However, these experimental results are not conclusive so far. The strength of these extreme fields has been calculated and, according to the respective equations, should be sufficient to serve as a basis for a gravitational technology that, for example, could establish long sought field propulsion (i.e. propulsion without fuel), actively researched by physicists and rocket engineers in the 1960s and 1990s. This article concludes with an outlook on the novel technology of gravitational engineering that might follow from gravity-like fields and discusses the novel physical concepts resulting from the existence of these extreme gravitomagnetic fields.
Complement C5aR1 Signaling Promotes Polarization and Proliferation of Embryonic Neural Progenitor Cells through PKCζ
Authors: Coulthard Liam G. , Hawksworth Owen A. , Li Rui , Balachandran Anushree , Lee John D. , Sepehrband Farshid , Kurniawan Nyoman , Jeanes Angela , Simmons David G. , Wolvetang Ernst , Woodruff Trent M.
Published: April 2017

The complement system, typically associated with innate immunity, is emerging as a key controller of nonimmune systems including in development, with recent studies linking complement mutations with neurodevelopmental disease. A key effector of the complement response is the activation fragment C5a, which, through its receptor C5aR1, is a potent driver of inflammation. Surprisingly, C5aR1 is also expressed during early mammalian embryogenesis; however, no clearly defined function is ascribed to C5aR1 in development. Here we demonstrate polarized expression of C5aR1 on the apical surface of mouse embryonic neural progenitor cellsin vivoand on human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors. We also show that signaling of endogenous C5a during mouse embryogenesis drives proliferation of neural progenitor cells within the ventricular zone and is required for normal brain histogenesis. C5aR1 signaling in neural progenitors was dependent on atypical protein kinase C ζ, a mediator of stem cell polarity, with C5aR1 inhibition reducing proliferation and symmetric division of apical neural progenitors in human and mouse models. C5aR1 signaling was shown to promote the maintenance of cell polarity, with exogenous C5a increasing the retention of polarized rosette architecture in human neural progenitors after physical or chemical disruption. Transient inhibition of C5aR1 during neurogenesis in developing mice led to behavioral abnormalities in both sexes and MRI-detected brain microstructural alterations, in studied males, demonstrating a requirement of C5aR1 signaling for appropriate brain development. This study thus identifies a functional role for C5a–C5aR1 signaling in mammalian neurogenesis and provides mechanistic insight into recently identified complement gene mutations and brain disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe complement system, traditionally known as a controller of innate immunity, now stands as a multifaceted signaling family with a broad range of physiological actions. These include roles in the brain, where complement activation is associated with diseases, including epilepsy and schizophrenia. This study has explored complement regulation of neurogenesis, identifying a novel relationship between the complement activation peptide C5a and the neural progenitor proliferation underpinning formation of the mammalian brain. C5a was identified as a regulator of cell polarity, with inhibition of C5a receptors during embryogenesis leading to abnormal brain development and behavioral deficits. This work demonstrates mechanisms through which dysregulation of complement causes developmental disease and highlights the potential risk of complement inhibition for therapeutic purposes in pregnancy.
Administration of RANKL boosts thymic regeneration upon bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Lopes Noella , Vachon Hortense , Marie Julien , Irla Magali
Published: April 2017

Cytoablative treatments lead to severe damages on thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which result in delayed de novo thymopoiesis and a prolonged period of T‐cell immunodeficiency. Understanding the mechanisms that govern thymic regeneration is of paramount interest for the recovery of a functional immune system notably after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Here, we show that RANK ligand (RANKL) is upregulated in CD4+ thymocytes and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells during the early phase of thymic regeneration. Importantly, whereas RANKL neutralization alters TEC recovery after irradiation, ex vivo RANKL administration during BMT boosts the regeneration of TEC subsets including thymic epithelial progenitor‐enriched cells, thymus homing of lymphoid progenitors, and de novo thymopoiesis. RANKL increases specifically in LTi cells, lymphotoxin α, which is critical for thymic regeneration. RANKL treatment, dependent on lymphotoxin α, is beneficial upon BMT in young and aged individuals. This study thus indicates that RANKL may be clinically useful to improve T‐cell function recovery after BMT by controlling multiple facets of thymic regeneration.
A Notch positive feedback in the intestinal stem cell niche is essential for stem cell self‐renewal
Authors: Chen Kai‐Yuan , Srinivasan Tara , Tung Kuei‐Ling , Belmonte Julio M , Wang Lihua , Murthy Preetish Kadur Lakshminarasimha , Choi Jiahn , Rakhilin Nikolai , King Sarah , Varanko Anastasia Kristine , Witherspoon Mavee , Nishimura Nozomi , Glazier James A , Lipkin Steven M , Bu Pengcheng , Shen Xiling
Published: April 2017

The intestinal epithelium is the fastest regenerative tissue in the body, fueled by fast‐cycling stem cells. The number and identity of these dividing and migrating stem cells are maintained by a mosaic pattern at the base of the crypt. How the underlying regulatory scheme manages this dynamic stem cell niche is not entirely clear. We stimulated intestinal organoids with Notch ligands and inhibitors and discovered that intestinal stem cells employ a positive feedback mechanism via direct Notch binding to the second intron of the Notch1 gene. Inactivation of the positive feedback by CRISPR/Cas9 mutation of the binding sequence alters the mosaic stem cell niche pattern and hinders regeneration in organoids. Dynamical system analysis and agent‐based multiscale stochastic modeling suggest that the positive feedback enhances the robustness of Notch‐mediated niche patterning. This study highlights the importance of feedback mechanisms in spatiotemporal control of the stem cell niche.
Hypothalamic effects of neonatal diet: reversible and only partially leptin dependent
Authors: Sominsky Luba , Ziko Ilvana , Nguyen Thai-Xinh , Quach Julie , Spencer Sarah J
Published: April 2017

Early life diet influences metabolic programming, increasing the risk for long-lasting metabolic ill health. Neonatally overfed rats have an early increase in leptin that is maintained long term and is associated with a corresponding elevation in body weight. However, the immediate and long-term effects of neonatal overfeeding on hypothalamic anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) circuitry, and if these are directly mediated by leptin, have not yet been examined. Here, we examined the effects of neonatal overfeeding on leptin-mediated development of hypothalamic POMC and AgRP/NPY neurons and whether these effects can be normalised by neonatal leptin antagonism in male Wistar rats. Neonatal overfeeding led to an acute (neonatal) resistance of hypothalamic neurons to exogenous leptin, but this leptin resistance was resolved by adulthood. While there were no effects of neonatal overfeeding on POMC immunoreactivity in neonates or adults, the neonatal overfeeding-induced early increase in arcuate nucleus (ARC) AgRP/NPY fibres was reversed by adulthood so that neonatally overfed adults had reduced NPY immunoreactivity in the ARC compared with controls, with no further differences in AgRP immunoreactivity. Short-term neonatal leptin antagonism did not reverse the excess body weight or hyperleptinaemia in the neonatally overfed, suggesting factors other than leptin may also contribute to the phenotype. Our findings show that changes in the availability of leptin during early life period influence the development of hypothalamic connectivity short term, but this is partly resolved by adulthood indicating an adaptation to the metabolic mal-programming effects of neonatal overfeeding.
Skeletal energy homeostasis: a paradigm of endocrine discovery
Authors: Suchacki Karla J , Roberts Fiona , Lovdel Andrea , Farquharson Colin , Morton Nik M , MacRae Vicky E , Cawthorn William P
Published: April 2017

Throughout the last decade, significant developments in cellular, molecular and mouse models have revealed major endocrine functions of the skeleton. More recent studies have evolved the interplay between bone-specific hormones, the skeleton, marrow adipose tissue, muscle and the brain. This review focuses on literature from the last decade, addressing the endocrine regulation of global energy metabolism via the skeleton. In addition, we will highlight several recent studies that further our knowledge of new endocrine functions of some organs; explore remaining unanswered questions; and, finally, we will discuss future directions for this more complex era of bone biology research.
HDAC Inhibitors Disrupt Programmed Resistance to Apoptosis During Drosophila Development
Authors: Kang Yunsik , Marischuk Khailee , Castelvecchi Gina D , Bashirullah Arash
Published: April 2017

We have previously shown that the ability to respond to apoptotic triggers is regulated during Drosophila development, effectively dividing the fly life cycle into stages that are either sensitive or resistant to apoptosis. Here, we show that the developmentally programmed resistance to apoptosis involves transcriptional repression of critical proapoptotic genes by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Administration of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), like trichostatin A or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, increases expression of proapoptotic genes and is sufficient to sensitize otherwise resistant stages. Conversely, reducing levels of proapoptotic genes confers resistance to otherwise sensitive stages. Given that resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer cells, and that HDACi have been recently added to the repertoire of FDA-approved agents for cancer therapy, our results provide new insights for how HDACi help kill malignant cells and also raise concerns for their potential unintended effects on healthy cells.
The Genomic Architecture of Flowering Time Varies Across Space and Time in Mimulus guttatus
Authors: Monnahan Patrick J , Kelly John K
Published: April 2017

The degree to which genomic architecture varies across space and time is central to the evolution of genomes in response to natural selection. Bulked-segregant mapping combined with pooled sequencing provides an efficient means to estimate the effect of genetic variants on quantitative traits. We develop a novel likelihood framework to identify segregating variation within multiple populations and generations while accommodating estimation error on a sample- and SNP-specific basis. We use this method to map loci for flowering time within natural populations of Mimulus guttatus, collecting the early- and late-flowering plants from each of three neighboring populations and two consecutive generations. Structural variants, such as inversions, and genes from multiple flowering-time pathways exhibit the strongest associations with flowering time. We find appreciable variation in genetic effects on flowering time across both time and space; the greatest differences evident between populations, where numerous factors (environmental variation, genomic background, and private polymorphisms) likely contribute to heterogeneity. However, the changes across years within populations clearly identify genotype-by-environment interactions as an important influence on flowering time variation.
The Nabataean minister Syllaeus in a new Ancient North Arabian (Safaitic) inscription
Authors: Al-Rawabdeh Nada , Abbadi Sabri
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to shed light on a new Ancient North Arabian inscription containing a reference to the Nabataean minister Syllaeus. This inscription is the second from the known corpus of Ancient North Arabian to mention the name of this minister, and could be dated to the last quarter of the 1st century BC. The inscription includes the rare verb ngy which means “to flee”.
Political and economic transition of Ottoman sovereignty from a sole monarch to numerous Ottoman elites, 1683–1750s
Authors: Gündoğdu Birol
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to reveal the transformation of the Ottoman Empire following the debacles of the second siege of Vienna in 1683. The failures compelled the Ottoman state to change its socioeconomic and political structure. As a result of this transition of the state structure, which brought about a so-called “redistribution of power” in the empire, new Ottoman elites emerged from 1683 until the 1750s. We have divided the above time span into three stages that will greatly help us comprehend the Ottoman transition from sultanic authority to numerous autonomies of first Muslim, then non-Muslim elites of the Ottoman Empire. During the first period (1683 –1699) we see the emergence of Muslim power players at the expense of sultanic authority. In the second stage (1699–1730) we observe the sultans’ unsuccessful attempts to revive their authority. In the third period (1730–1750) we witness the emergence of non-Muslim notables who gradually came into power with the help of both the sultans and external powers. At the end of this last stage, not only did the authority of Ottoman sultans decrease enormously, but a new era evolved where Muslim and non-Muslim leading figures both fought and co-operated with one another for a new distribution of wealth in the Ottoman Empire.
Effects of organical and conventional growing on the content of biologically active compounds of potatoes
Authors: Asakaviciute R. , Brazinskiene V. , Ivanauskas L. , Razukas A.
Published: April 2017

It was determined that amounts of chlorogenic acid, tyrosine, and tryptophan in potato tubers depend on meteorological conditions, farming type, individual properties of a variety, and interaction of these factors (P<0.05). It was noted in 2011 that organically grown potato tubers accumulated significantly higher amounts of chlorogenic acid, tyrosine, and tryptophan derivatives than conventionally grown tubers, while in 2012 the opposite was observed (P<0.01). Such results are due to the different meteorological conditions during the survey years.
Virulence and resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food
Authors: Castro A. , Palhau C. , Cunha S. , Camarinha S. , Silva J. , Teixeira P.
Published: April 2017

Staphylococcus aureus is considered a global community and health care pathogen responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning. The aim of this study was to characterize several isolates of S. aureus recovered from different food products concerning enterotoxin genes and other virulence factors including antimicrobial resistance. In 2009, a total of 78 coagulase-positive staphylococci from 1454 food samples were identified to species level; 73 were confirmed as S. aureus. Of the S. aureus isolates 5.5% were resistant to oxacillin, 52.0% showed resistance to erythromycin, and 45.2% to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed in 33.3% of the isolates (resistance to three or more antibiotics of different classes). SCCmec types IV and V were detected among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). One MRSA isolate was pvl positive. The 52.0% of food isolates were shown to be enterotoxigenic; egc (63.0%), secbov (44.7%) were the main detected SEs. tst gene was also detected in food isolates. The present work demonstrates the presence of virulent S. aureus collected in 2009 in foods.
Assessment of pre-treatment of edible coatings prepared from gelatine and polyphenols (extracted under optimized conditions from amla fruit powder) on stability of banana chips
Authors: Mishra P. , Kalita D.
Published: April 2017

Chakaiya variety of amla was investigated for its phenolic contents, and extracted phenolics from amla powder were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. RSM (response surface methodology) was used to determine the optimum conditions for maximum recovery of total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,6-diphenyl picryl hydrazil free radical (DPPH*) scavenging activity. The gelatine coating on banana slices before frying significantly reduced (approximately 60%) the fat uptake from oil during frying in comparison to control. The reduction of particle size to the nano range was found to be effective to load the antioxidants effectively. Antioxidant extracted from amla reduced the rate of oxidation of oil during frying and so it may be a better alternative of synthetic antioxidant in food products.
Checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies from Guyana (Insecta: Odonata), with new records from the country
Authors: Von Ellenrieder Natalia , Willink Castro Beatriz , Svensson Erik
Published: April 2017

The first checklist of the odonates from Guyana is presented, including 46 new species records. Literature sources are provided for all species and for the new records full locality data, color scans or field photographs, taxonomic and biological notes, and maps for those species whose distribution range is increased considerably.
Sleep-Time Ambulatory BP Is an Independent Prognostic Marker of CKD
Authors: Hermida Ramón C. , Ayala Diana E. , Mojón Artemio , Fernández José R.
Published: April 2017

The prognostic value of clinic and ambulatory BP in predicting incident CKD and whether CKD risk reduction associates with progressive treatment–induced decrease of clinic, awake, or asleep BP are unknown. We prospectively evaluated 2763 individuals without CKD, 1343 men and 1420 women (mean±SD age: 51.5±14.3 years old), with baseline ambulatory BP ranging from normotension to hypertension. On recruitment and annually thereafter (more frequently if hypertension treatment was adjusted on the basis of ambulatory BP), we simultaneously monitored BP and physical activity (wrist actigraphy) for 48 hours to accurately derive individualized mean awake and asleep BP. During a median 5.9-year follow-up, 404 participants developed CKD. Mean asleep systolic BP was the most significant predictor of CKD in a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, diabetes, serum creatinine concentration, urinary albumin concentration, previous cardiovascular event, and hypertension treatment time (on awakening versus at bedtime; per 1-SD elevation: hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 1.56; P<0.001). The predictive values of mean clinic BP and mean awake or 48-hour ambulatory BP was not significant when corrected by mean asleep BP. Analyses of BP changes during follow-up revealed 27% reduction in the risk of CKD per 1-SD decrease in mean asleep systolic BP, independent of changes in mean clinic BP or awake ambulatory BP. In conclusion, sleep-time BP is a highly significant independent prognostic marker for CKD. Furthermore, progressive treatment–induced decrease of asleep BP, a potential therapeutic target requiring ambulatory BP evaluation, might be a significant method for reducing CKD risk.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP PRINSIP KERJA PNEUMATIK BERBANTUAN PERANGKAT LUNAK MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Hasbullah Hasbullah
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada pembelajaran prinsip kerja komponen pneumatik berbantuan multimedia interaktif. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan evaluatif dengan pendekatan research and development. Tahapan penelitian sampai pada uji coba terbatas. Subyek penelitian merupakan kelas XI  Kompetensi Keahlian Mekatronika di SMK Negeri 2 Cimahi dengan jumlah sampel 30 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian angket, observasi dan tes berupa pretest dan posttest.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran berbantuan multimedia interaktif efektif digunakan pada materi prinsip kerja komponen pneumatik. Berdasarkan hasil angket, terdapat pengaruh yang positif pada peningkatan minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran sistem pneumatik. Media pembelajaran berbantuan multimedia interaktif ini memiliki pengaruh yang positif pada peningkatan minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran sistem Pneumatik. Berdasarkan hasil pretest dan posttest media pembelajaran berbantuan multimedia interaktif dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap prinsip kerja komponen pneumatik. Kata kunci: media pembelajaran, multimedia interaktif, pneumatik
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEACHING FACTORY 6 LANGKAH (TF-6M) DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT WIRAUSAHA
Authors: Kurniawan Rahmat
Published: April 2017

Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory 6M merupakan model pembelajaran terpadu. Pendidikan kewirausahaan merupakan proses pembelajaran penanaman tata nilai kewirausahaan melalui pembiasaan dan pemeliharaan perilaku dan sikap. Melalui Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory yang ditunjang dengan pembelajaran Kewirausahaan, diharapkan siswa mempunyai minat untuk berwirausaha. Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory bertujuan untuk membentuk kompetensi siswa melalui satuan kesatuan lingkungan sekolah dengan berbasis pada industri dan ditunjang dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran Kewirausahaan dalam pembentukan mental kewirausahaan. Artikel ini menelaah pengaruh penerapan Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory 6M dan prestasi belajar kewirausahaan terhadap minat wirausaha pada siswa Patiseri kelas XII SMKN 9 Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif
KETUNTASAN KESIAPAN BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA SMK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORASI
Authors: Hariyanto V. Lilik
Published: April 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Ingin mengetahui seberapa besar tingat ketuntasan kesiapan berwirausaha siswa SMK aspek: (a) pengetahuan praktik, (b) pengetahuan kewirausahaan, (c) sikap kewirausahaan, (d) keterampilan, (e) pembuatan proposal usaha, (2) Ingin mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat keaktifan guru dalam mengajar pada aspek: (a) pendahuluan, (b) kegiatan inti, (c) penutup dan (d) penggunaan bahasa , (3) Ingin mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat keaktifan siswa dalam belajar pada aspek: (a) konsentrasi siswa saat pembelajaran, (b) mencatat, (c) bertanya kepada guru, (d) menjawab pertanyaan guru, (e) mengemukakan pendapat dan (f) penggunaan bahasa. Metode penelitian digunakan Penelitian dan Pengembangan dari Borg & Gall. yaitu: (1) Penelitian, untuk mengumpulkan data tentang produk yang akan dikembangkan, (2) Pengembangan, untuk menganalisis produk melalui pembelajaran di kelas. Model pembelajaran digunakan Model DCRAH (Discovery, Concept Development, Resourcing, Actualizing dan Harvesting) dari Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan di SMKN 2 Pengasih Kulonprogo. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII Paket Keahlian Teknik Konstruksi Batu dan Beton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Tingkat ketuntasan kesiapan berwirausaha siswa SMK aspek: (a) pengetahuan praktek adalah tuntas (Mean= 78,33),(b)    pengetahuan kewirausahaan (Mean= 79,49), (c) sikap (Mean= 77,57), (d) keterampilan (Mean= 83,62), (e) pembuatan proposal usaha (Mean= 83,54) , (2) Tingkat keaktifan guru dalam mengajar pada aspek: (a) pendahuluan dalam kategori aktif, (b) kegiatan inti dalam kategori aktif,penutup dalam kategori sangat aktif dan (d) penggunaan bahasa dalam kategori aktif, (3) Tingkat keaktifan siswa dalam belajar pada aspek: (a) konsentrasi siswa saat pembelajaran dalam kategori aktif, (b) mencatat dalam kategori aktif, (c) bertanya kepada guru dalam kategori aktif, (d) menjawab pertanyaan guru dalam kategori aktif, (e) mengemukakan pendapat dalam kategori aktif dan (f) penggunaan bahasa dalam kategori aktif.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL, PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF
Authors: Suprapto Edy
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menguji perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kontekstual dan pembelajaran langsung, (2) menguji perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa dengan motivasi berprestasi tinggi dan siswa dengan motivasi berprestasi rendah, dan (3) menguji ada tidaknya interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap hasil belajar kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model rancangan nonequivalent control group design dengan rancangan faktorial 2x2. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa SMK Negeri 2 Kupang, kelas X TKR yang memprogram pelajaran sepeda motor semester ganjil tahun 2013/2014. Subjek penelitian tidak ditentukan secara random tapi secara intact group, yaitu kelas X TKR 1 (38 siswa) sebagai kelas eksperimen (pembelajaran kontekstual) dan kelas X TKR 2 (39 siswa) sebagai kelas kontrol (pembelajaran langsung). Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) yang didasarkan pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan: (1) penggunaan model pembelajaran kontekstual lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, (2) ada perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif yang signifikan antara siswa dengan motivasi berprestasi tinggi dan siswa dengan motivasi berprestasi rendah, dan (3) tidak ada interaksi yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi berprestasi pada hasil belajar kognitif.
TVET Capacity Development in Afghanistan: Introducing Self-Reliant Internship in In-Service Technical Teacher Training at the Technical Teacher Training Institute (TTTI)
Authors: Klee Daniel , Andar Andar
Published: April 2017

This paper describes the approach applied to the introduction of self-reliant internship into the in-service TVET (Technical Vocational Education and Training) teacher training at the Technical Teacher Training Institute (TTTI) in Afghanistan. As data show  in 2014, Afghan TVET teachers neither meet the legal requirements set by the government (Bachelor degree) nor have contacts to or work experiences in private or public sector companies. They have no knowledge of the working requirements they are preparing their students for. Consequently, in-service teacher training at the TTTI has to provide it’s learners with knowledge and skills in accordance with the market requirements. Thus, at the TTTI Capacity Building is focusing among others on the multifaceted interdependent relationship between teacher-student-company in order to empower teachers to be able to contribute to the employability of their students. In this respect TTTI’s in-service teacher training foresees the teacher’s participation in a private or public sector self-reliant internship to benefit from the expertise of companies’ work force and employers and actualize their understanding for the world of work. Afghan TVET teachers completing successful the TTTI in-service training are able to train many cohorts of students for the labor market or self-employment with the gained competences. Two subsequent cohorts of TTTI trainees - government employed TVET teachers undergoing in-service teacher training - have been participating for their first time in self-reliant internship in 2013 and 2014. According to the findings, recommendations are given for using the approach of introducing internship in in-service training for TVET teacher capacity building.
Design Conseptual of Hybrid Project Based Learning-PEPPER in Computer Networking Learning
Authors: Haryadi Rudi , Abdullah Ade Gafar
Published: April 2017

Learning of vocational school learning should be able to prepare students who have qualified skills to fit the demands of the realistic activity of industry. Professional activities within the workplace should be integrated completed the learning process in the classroom, through pedagogical model design that facilitates learning in order to build students who have the ability to work in accordance with the demands from the industry. Development of model design has been done through collaboration models Project-based learning and PEPPER model through a mix method research. This research resulted a pedagogical syntax of learning model's tools with characteristic's industrial standard, which quantitatively tested in learning of Computer Network, so that the application of this model can improve the presumption of vocational school quality through graduate's quality.
A Challenge of Vocational Education for Preparing Green Employment
Authors: Asnawi Rustam , Djatmiko I
Published: April 2017

Currently the vocational education has been oriented to the educational processes in which focusing on the development of the student in order to ready to work professionally and ready to improve their self-potential in particular field work. Meanwhile, today and future jobs in various business sectors and industry are still growing and developing towards green jobs. If there is no counter and solution for this growth of green jobs, then it would create a new gap between the output’s competencies of vocational education and the qualification that needed by various business sector and industry. After studying some latest literatures, it was found that there is no any explicitly and concretely both concept and definition of green jobs in the vocational education curriculum (Curriculum 2013). Thus, this paper presents the urgent and such a challenge to change the philosophy of vocational education towards green jobs and ecology oriented.