bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abusive and Hate speech Classification in Arabic Text Using Pre-trained Language Models and Data Augmentation
Authors: Badri Nabil , Kboubi Ferihane , Habacha Chaibi Anja
Published: August 2024

Hateful content on social media is a worldwide problem that adversely affects not just the targeted individuals but also anyone whose content is accessible. The majority of studies that looked at the automatic identification of inappropriate content addressed the English language, given the availability of resources. Therefore, there are still a number of low-resource languages that need more attention from the community. This article focuses on the Arabic dialect, which has several specificities that make the use of non-Arabic models inappropriate. Our hypothesis is that leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs) specifically designed for Arabic, along with data augmentation techniques, can significantly enhance the detection of hate speech in Arabic mono- and multi-dialect texts.

To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of experiments addressing three key research questions: (RQ1) Does text augmentation enhance the final results compared to using an unaugmented dataset? (RQ2) Do Arabic PLMs outperform other models utilizing techniques such as fastText and AraVec word embeddings? (RQ3) Does training and fine-tuning models on a multilingual dataset yield better results than training them on a monolingual dataset?

Our methodology involved the comparison of PLMs based on transfer learning, specifically examining the performance of DziriBERT, AraBERT v2, and BERT-base-arabic models. We implemented text augmentation techniques and evaluated their impact on model performance. The tools used included fastText and AraVec for word embeddings, as well as various PLMs for transfer learning.

The results demonstrate a notable improvement in classification accuracy, with augmented datasets showing an increase in performance metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score) by up to 15–21% compared to non-augmented datasets. This underscores the potential of data augmentation in enhancing the models’ ability to generalize across the nuanced spectrum of Arabic dialects.
Robust Qubit Mapping Algorithm via Double-Source Optimal Routing on Large Quantum Circuits
Authors: Cheng Chin-Yi , Yang Chien-Yi , Kuo Yi-Hsiang , Wang Ren-Chu , Cheng Hao-Chung , Huang Chung-Yang (Ric)
Published: August 2024

Qubit mapping is a critical aspect of implementing quantum circuits on real hardware devices. Currently, the existing algorithms for qubit mapping encounter difficulties when dealing with larger circuit sizes involving hundreds of qubits. In this article, we introduce an innovative qubit mapping algorithm, Duostra, tailored to address the challenge of implementing large-scale quantum circuits on real hardware devices with limited connectivity. Duostra operates by efficiently determining optimal paths for double-qubit gates and inserting SWAP gates accordingly to implement the double-qubit operations on real devices. Together with two heuristic scheduling algorithms, Limitedly Exhaustive Search and Shortest-Path Estimation, it yields results of good quality within a reasonable runtime, thereby striving toward achieving quantum advantage. Experimental results showcase our algorithm’s superiority, especially for large circuits beyond the NISQ era. For example, on large circuits with more than 50 qubits, we can reduce the mapping cost on an average 21.75% over the virtual best results among QMAP, t

\(|ket\rangle\)

, Qiskit, and SABRE. Besides, for mid-size circuits such as the SABRE-large benchmark, we improve the mapping costs by 4.5%, 5.2%, 16.3%, 20.7%, and 25.7%, when compared to QMAP, TOQM, t

\(|ket\rangle\)

, Qiskit, and SABRE, respectively.
Generative AI Literacy: Twelve Defining Competencies
Authors: Annapureddy Ravinithesh , Fornaroli Alessandro , Gatica-Perez Daniel
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a competency-based model for generative artificial intelligence (AI) literacy covering essential skills and knowledge areas necessary to interact with generative AI. The competencies range from foundational AI literacy to prompt engineering and programming skills, including ethical and legal considerations. These 12 competencies offer a framework for individuals, policymakers, government officials, and educators looking to navigate and take advantage of the potential of generative AI responsibly. Embedding these competencies into educational programs and professional training initiatives can equip individuals to become responsible and informed users and creators of generative AI. The competencies follow a logical progression and serve as a roadmap for individuals seeking to become familiar with generative AI and for researchers and policymakers to develop assessments, educational programs, guidelines, and regulations.
Gluten‐Free Corn Cookies Incorporated With Stinging Nettle Leaf Flour: Effect on Physical Properties, Storage Stability, and Health Benefits
Authors: Tanyitiku Mary Nkongho , Bessem Prisca , Petcheu Igor Casimir Njombissie
Published: August 2024

The consumption of gluten‐free corn cookies is becoming very popular among nonceliac and celiac individuals. However, the absence of gluten and other nutrients in corn generally leads to cookies of lower quality in terms of nutritional value, texture, colour, and shelf life. To improve the quality characteristics of corn cookies, this study investigated the effect of incorporating an underutilised herb (Urtica dioica L. leaves) on its nutritional and physical properties. Stinging nettle leaf flour was incorporated at different levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and compared with a control (100% corn cookies). The storage stability of the formulated corn cookies was also investigated at room and frozen (−18 ± 2°C) temperature. The incorporation of stinging nettle leaf flour increased (p < 0.05) the ash and protein content of corn cookies from 0.32% (control) to 2.56% (20% stinging nettle leaf flour incorporation) and 6.44% (control) to 21.52% (20% stinging nettle leaf flour incorporation), respectively. After in vitro starch digestion, the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) also increased approximately 27 and seven times, respectively, and the estimated glycaemic index (GI) (eGI) decreased (p < 0.05) from 48.60% (control) to 33.18% (20% stinging nettle incorporated). Shelf life characteristics (water activity, peroxide value (PV), and microbial count) of formulated corn cookies were within acceptable limits for human consumption upon storage for 6 months. The findings indicated that stinging nettle leaves could serve as a potential food ingredient in gluten‐free bakery products, particularly where low GI foods are desirable.
Super‐Efficiency‐Malmquist Model‐Based Efficiency Evaluation of Logistics Distribution Center considering Truck Traffic Restriction
Authors: Yao Jiao , Wu Xiurong , Li Hao , Xie Beibei , Zhang Cong
Published: August 2024

Combining the super‐efficiency model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) with the Malmquist index model, this paper evaluated the efficiency of the logistics distribution center comprehensively considering the truck traffic restriction and provided decision suggestions to improve the efficiency of the logistics distribution center. This paper takes 20 logistics distribution centers as the research objects and uses economic factors, transportation factors, quality of distribution center business activities, and quality of customer service as the primary input indicators; selects eight indicators such as construction cost, transportation cost, labor cost, road facilities, accessibility, business demand, number of laborers, and customer satisfaction as the secondary input indicators; chooses distribution time and profit as the output indicators; and measures the static efficiency of logistics distribution centers from two perspectives, including the traditional unconstrained super‐efficiency model and the truck‐ restricted conditions, using the super‐efficiency model of data envelopment analysis (DEA). The Malmquist index model was used to measure the dynamic efficiency and change trend efficiency of the logistics distribution center, and a unified and comprehensive analysis was also made. The results of the case study show that the average efficiency of the logistics distribution center in the driving and nondriving restriction area is 0.872 and 0.914, respectively, and the average efficiency in the driving restriction area is about 4.5% lower than that of the nondriving restriction area, and variance is 1.58 times of the latter. Therefore, it can be concluded that the measures of truck driving restriction have an impact on the efficiency of the logistics distribution center, and the results of the super‐efficiency model with the restriction constraint have a greater impact on the logistics efficiency of the logistics distribution center than the traditional unconstrained super‐efficiency model. According to the evaluation results, suggestions on reasonable assignment of labor and other resources input are put forward for logistics distribution centers in areas where driving is restricted to improve efficiency.
Preventive Treatment with a CD73 Small Molecule Inhibitor Enhances Immune Surveillance in K-Ras Mutant Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Strickland Lincoln N. , Liu Wendao , Hussein Usama , Mardik Nicolette , Chen Xian , Mills Tingting , Vornik Lana A. , Savage Michelle I. , Sei Shizuko , Clifford John , Eltzschig Holger K. , Brown Powel H. , Zhao Zhongming , McAllister Florencia , Bailey-Lundberg Jennifer M.
Published: August 2024

Immunoprevention is an emerging consideration for solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We and others have shown that Kras mutations in genetic models of spontaneous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), which is a precursor to PDAC, results in CD73 expression in the neoplastic epithelium and some populations of infiltrating immune cells, including macrophages and CD8 T cells. CD73 is an ecto-enzyme that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, a critical immune inhibitory molecule in PDAC. We hypothesized inhibition of CD73 would reduce the incidence of PanIN formation and alter the immune microenvironment. To test our hypothesis, we used the KrasG12D; PdxCre1 (KC) genetically engineered mouse model and tested the utility of AB-680, a small molecule inhibitor targeting CD73, to inhibit PanIN progression. AB-680, or vehicle control, was administered using oral gavage delivery 3 days/week at 10 mg/kg, beginning when the mice were 2 months old and lasting 3 months. We euthanized the mice at 5 months old. In the KC model, we quantified significantly less pancreatitis, early and advanced PanIN, and quantified a significant increase in M1 macrophages in AB-680-treated mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of pancreata of AB-680-treated mice revealed increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and mature B cells. The scRNA-seq analysis showed that CD73 inhibition reduced M2 macrophages, acinar, and PanIN cell populations. CD73 inhibition enhanced immune surveillance and expanded unique clonotypes of TCR and BCR, indicating that inhibition of CD73 augments adaptive immunity early in the neoplastic microenvironment.

Prevention Relevance: Previous studies found PanIN lesions in healthy pancreata. Not all progress to PDAC, suggesting a window for enhanced antitumor immunity through immunoprevention therapy. CD73 inhibition in our study prevents PanIN progression, reduces immune-suppressive macrophages and expands TCR and BCR unique clonotypes, highlighting an encouraging therapeutic avenue for high-risk individuals.
Table S3 from Tumor-Intrinsic Activity of Chromobox 2 Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment in High-grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Gomez Karina , Nguyen Lily L. , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Post Miriam D. , Mikeska Railey G. , Danis Etienne , Danhorn Thomas , Boorgula Meher P. , Mitra Siddhartha S. , Marjon Nicole A. , Bitler Benjamin G. , Brubaker Lindsay W.
Published: August 2024

Nanostring
Table S1 from Tumor-Intrinsic Activity of Chromobox 2 Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment in High-grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Gomez Karina , Nguyen Lily L. , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Post Miriam D. , Mikeska Railey G. , Danis Etienne , Danhorn Thomas , Boorgula Meher P. , Mitra Siddhartha S. , Marjon Nicole A. , Bitler Benjamin G. , Brubaker Lindsay W.
Published: August 2024

Antibodies
Figure S5 from Tumor-Intrinsic Activity of Chromobox 2 Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment in High-grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Gomez Karina , Nguyen Lily L. , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Post Miriam D. , Mikeska Railey G. , Danis Etienne , Danhorn Thomas , Boorgula Meher P. , Mitra Siddhartha S. , Marjon Nicole A. , Bitler Benjamin G. , Brubaker Lindsay W.
Published: August 2024

In vivo modeling with loss of CBX2 expression and Nanostring pathway analysis
Figure S2 from Tumor-Intrinsic Activity of Chromobox 2 Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment in High-grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Gomez Karina , Nguyen Lily L. , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Post Miriam D. , Mikeska Railey G. , Danis Etienne , Danhorn Thomas , Boorgula Meher P. , Mitra Siddhartha S. , Marjon Nicole A. , Bitler Benjamin G. , Brubaker Lindsay W.
Published: August 2024

CBX2 expression associates with epithelial state 6. CBX2 protein expression does not correlate with T cell infiltration. CXCL1, 5, and CXCL8 expression correlation with Macrophage M0_CIBERSORT infiltration.
A Study of Pupil Response to Light as a Digital Biomarker of Recent Cannabis Use
Authors: Godbole Suneeta , Leroux Andrew , Brooks-Russell Ashley , Subramanian Prem S. , Kosnett Michael J. , Wrobel Julia
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Given the traffic safety and occupational injury prevention implications associated with cannabis impairment, there is a need for objective and validated measures of recent cannabis use. Pupillary light response may offer an approach for detection. Method: Eighty-four participants (mean age: 32, 42% female) with daily, occasional, and no-use cannabis use histories participated in pupillary light response tests before and after smoking cannabis ad libitum or relaxing for 15 min (no use). The impact of recent cannabis consumption on trajectories of the pupillary light response was modeled using functional data analysis tools. Logistic regression models for detecting recent cannabis use were compared, and average pupil trajectories across cannabis use groups and times since light test administration were estimated. Results: Models revealed small, significant differences in pupil response to light after cannabis use comparing the occasional use group to the no-use control group, and similar statistically significant differences in pupil response patterns comparing the daily use group to the no-use comparison group. Trajectories of pupillary light response estimated using functional data analysis found that acute cannabis smoking was associated with less initial and sustained pupil constriction compared to no cannabis smoking. Conclusion: These analyses show the promise of pairing pupillary light response and functional data analysis methods to assess recent cannabis use.
Outcome Prediction Model for Radiofrequency Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with Tonsillectomy in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tschopp Samuel , Azalmad Khalid , Caversaccio Marco , Borner Urs , Tschopp Kurt Peter
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Knowing an individualized outcome prediction is essential when counseling patients before surgery. We aim to identify predictors and build a model for the outcome of radiofrequency uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with tonsillectomy (rfUPPP + TE). Methods: All adult patients undergoing rfUPPP + TE for sleep-disordered breathing from 2015 to 2022 in our institution were included. Preoperative evaluations included detailed upper airway examinations and standardized questionnaires. Postoperative outcomes were measured through home sleep apnea testing and repeated questionnaires 3 months post-surgery. The primary endpoint was the postoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the AHI responders using the Sher criteria. Results: We analyzed 247 patients with a mean age of 46 ± 11 years, predominantly male (88.7%), and a mean BMI of 29.0 kg/m2. The mean AHI was reduced from 26.4 ± 18.6/h preoperatively to 16.2 ± 14.6/h postoperatively. Daytime sleepiness improved from 8.9 ± 48 to 4.0 ± 3.1 and snoring from 7.9 ± 2.1 to 3.3 ± 2.2. Multivariate analysis indicated that higher tonsil grades, preoperative AHI, and snoring levels were associated with a greater reduction in AHI. Age and body weight were negative predictors for AHI reduction. For AHI responders, according to Sher, tonsil grade was the only predictor in a multivariate analysis. The ROC curve of this simple model, with a corrected AUC of 0.625, compared favorably against two established models. Conclusion: Our study highlights that tonsil grade, preoperative AHI, snoring, and, to a smaller extent, age and weight are key determinants of AHI reduction, emphasizing the importance of preoperative evaluation. Despite the multifactorial nature of obstructive sleep apnea, preoperative evaluation can predict the outcome of rfUPPP + TE and guide surgical planning.
Distinct Patterns of Brain Atrophy in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndromes
Authors: Nagamalla Vineela , Verghese Joe , Ayers Emmeline , Barzilai Nir , Beauchet Olivier , Lipton Richard B. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Srikanth Velandai K. , Blumen Helena M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) syndromes are each reliable predictors of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but MCR may be a stronger predictor of vascular dementia than AD. This study contrasted cortical and hippocampal atrophy patterns in MCR and aMCI. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 733 older adults without dementia or disability (M age = 73.6; 45% women) in the multicountry MCR consortium were examined. MCR was defined as presence of slow gait and cognitive concerns. Amnestic MCI was defined as poor episodic memory performance and cognitive concerns. Cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes were quantified from structural MRIs. Multivariate and univariate general linear models were used to examine associations between cortical thickness and hippocampal volume in MCR and aMCI, adjusting for age, sex, education, total intracranial volume, white matter lesions, and study site. Results: The prevalence of MCR and aMCI was 7.64% and 12.96%, respectively. MCR was associated with widespread cortical atrophy, including prefrontal, insular, cingulate, motor, parietal, and temporal atrophy. aMCI was associated with hippocampal atrophy. Conclusion: Distinct patterns of atrophy were associated with MCR and aMCI. A distributed pattern of cortical atrophy – that is more consistent with VaD or mixed dementia– was observed in MCR. A more restricted pattern of atrophy – that is more consistent with AD – was observed in aMCI. The biological underpinnings of MCR and aMCI likely differ and may require tailored interventions.
Arquitetura vernacular em madeira na Vila Operária de Maringá/PR
Authors: Silva Aline Beatrís Skowronski da , Silva Ricardo Dias
Published: August 2024

Con el objetivo de presentar el barrio de Vila Operária, que forma parte de la ciudad de Maringá, en el norte de Paraná, este artículo recorre su historia destacando las reminiscencias de la arquitectura de madera en el paisaje de la ciudad. El sustento teórico a través del patrimonio y la arquitectura vernácula permitió una discusión que acerca esta arquitectura a la ciudad y sus habitantes con la construcción de una identidad cultural local.
The Earth in the Land: Internationalism, Regional Culturalism, and Cosmopolitanism in 1960s Films from Soviet Ukraine
Authors: Kuzma Konstanty
Published: August 2024

In the film history of the Ukrainian ssr, the Thaw is regarded as the era of the rebirth of a national Ukrainian cinema. Both films celebrating regional diversity and films merely drawing on local crews and infrastructure are said to have contributed to a national film culture. I look at three distinct approaches to the Soviet concept of multinationality to show that the rebirth of a national cinema was characterized by approaches that did not claim a distinct national identity for Ukraine. Instead, directors facing regional diversity either transcended Ukraine’s cultural environment (through internationalism), undercut it (through what I call regional culturalism), or ignored it altogether (through cosmopolitanism). With the help of this typology, I point to the complex cultural politics of the time. The Soviet Ukrainian films I discuss exemplarily were not part of a common national project at the time, though they may have contributed to it as time passed.
Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Perciformes: Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk: three new species and new records from the western North Pacific with comments on their phenotypic diversity
Authors: KAI YOSHIAKI , MATSUZAKI KOJI , MORI TOSHIAKI , PITRUK DMITRY L. , MISAWA RYO , TASHIRO FUMIHITO
Published: August 2024

A taxonomic review of the snailfish genus Careproctus (Liparidae) with a reduced pelvic disk—the Careproctus gilberti species group—from the western North Pacific recognized three new species from the southern Sea of Okhotsk, and confirmed the validity of Careproctus gilberti, Careproctus mederi, Careproctus ostentum, and Careproctus parvidiscus. One of the newly described species, Careproctus longibarbatus sp. nov., had been previously confused with C. mederi, but was readily distinguishable on the basis of counts of vertebrae (61–66 vs. 57–63), dorsal- (56–60 vs. 52–56) and anal-fin rays (50–54 vs. 47–52), as well as length of the pectoral fin lower lobe (extending past anus vs. not reaching anus) and color of the peritoneum (dark vs. pale with black dots). Careproctus barbatulus sp. nov. and Careproctus spinulosus sp. nov. were diagnosed by pectoral fin lower lobe length, anus position, and vertebral, and dorsal- and anal-fin ray counts. The validities of the three new species were also confirmed by mitochondrial sequence data. Careproctus mederi was redescribed based on specimens from the southern Sea of Okhotsk, representing the first Japanese, as well as southernmost record of the species. Furthermore, the full description of an unidentified Careproctus species, most similar to C. gilberti, from the Pacific coast of Hokkaido was provided. Significant morphological variation within the C. gilberti species group, possibly resulting from reproductive interference among sympatric species, was also discussed.
First report of the family Karschiidae (Arachnida, Solifugae) from Gansu Province, China, with description of two new species
Authors: FAN WENLONG , ZHANG CHAO , ZHANG FENG
Published: August 2024

The family Karschiidae Kraepelin, 1899 was reported for the first time from Gansu Province, China. A total of three species were identified based on morphological and molecular data, including one described species, Eusimonia turkestana Kraepelin, 1899, and two new species, Eusimonia dentapicalis sp. nov., and Karschia (Rhinokarschia) liui sp. nov.
Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific
Authors: ÁLVAREZ RICARDO , HAGGIN BRENT M.
Published: August 2024

Naineris bicornis Hartman, 1951 and N. australis Hartman, 1957 are redescribed and compared with specimens from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. A new species, Naineris elegans sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on collections from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA. All three species are similar in terms of the chaetal arrangement and having multiple dorsal organs, but they differ in other characters. Naineris elegans sp. nov. is distinguished by a combination of the following characters: spatulate prostomium, multiple dorsal sensory organs oval to rounded, voluminous, seven per side in most chaetigers, with a brown pigmented base; arranged in two distinct groups in the most anterior segments, then forming two subtriangular groups with apex displaced medially in the following ones, touching each other; thoracic notopodial lobes pear-shaped with blunt tips; thoracic neuropodial lobe with an upper rounded papilla; thoracic neurochaetae with 5–6 transverse, posterior rows of numerous subuluncini; a transverse, anterior row of about 20 crenulate capillaries; an inferior, anterior, oblique row of about 20 hooded uncini and an inferior, posterior, oblique row of capillaries. The new species described here increases the number of known species of Naineris to 22. An updated key of species of Naineris from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean is provided.
A revision of Chinese endemic Neptis hesione Leech, 1890 with a new species described from Hainan Island (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Authors: LI HUA-ZHAO , LIU ZHE , LI JIA-LING
Published: August 2024

The taxonomic status of subspecies belonging to Neptis hesione Leech, 1890 is reviewed. The population from Taiwan Island, once regarded as a subspecies of N. hesione, is treated as an independent species based on morphological and genetic distinctions, i.e., N. podarces Nire, 1920 stat. rev. Accordingly, these two species from the Chinese mainland and Taiwan Island are categorized as one species group, termed N. hesione-group. In addition, a new population of this group from Hainan Island was reported for the first time and described as a new species by external, genital, and molecular divergences, namely N. kejiaae Li & Liu sp. nov. The habitus, distributional map, and molecular phylogeny of N. hesione-group are provided.
Jean Leclercq, Modern Psychology, & Structural Hermeneutics
Authors: McWhorter Matthew R.
Published: August 2024

In this discussion, I examine various remarks of spiritual writer and medieval historian Jean Leclercq concerning his proposal of a methodology for psychohistory, as well as various observations he makes concerning modern psychology and his own theoretical outlook. I describe Leclercq’s theoretical outlook as a structural psychology. In this viewpoint, the structure of the psyche is understood as a composite personality structure that results from ongoing interaction between innate structures and environmental structures (where such environmental structures involve the family, culture and religion). This theoretical psychology, situated within an interdisciplinary perspective, might be presupposed as a hermeneutic when conducting research. Because of his emphasis on both structure and interpretation, the program of study that Leclercq proposes can be taken up today as a kind of interdisciplinary structural hermeneutics. Such a research approach has application not only in psychology and history, but also in anthropology and sociology, as well as in the clinical professions.
From asylums to deinstitutionalization and after: an analytic review
Authors: Balbuena Rivera Francisco
Published: August 2024

Background:

After a period of institution-based mental health care, in which the asylum system was the way in which the mental patients were treated, deinstitutionalization brought a set of significant changes and transformations in the conceptualization of mental illness and, by extension, the traditional therapeutic settings in which those in most need were assisted. However, this shift in the psychiatric domain was not only accompanied by valued achievements, but also by difficulties and challenges, as has been evidenced today.

Aim/objective:

The aim of this paper is thus to examine the pros and cons of the closure of asylums, and the subsequent implementation of deinstitutionalization over the 60 years or so of such important transformations in the field of psychiatry.

Methods:

In considering this question, I examine in detail recent works of literature based on scholarly knowledge. In addition, I identify various issues involved, as well as ways of confronting these so as to attempt to overcome the difficulties they present.

Results and conclusions:

As I show here, the changes in the treatment and care of the mentally ill after asylum and deinstitutionalization brought a new air of hope to patients and their families, but also had undesirable effects. The paper also considers how mental health professionals today try to solve these effects on behalf of patients and society as a whole.
Newman and the Dogmatic Principle
Authors: Meszaros Andrew
Published: August 2024

This article is an exposition and analysis of Newman’s so-called ‘dogmatic principle’ with a view to demonstrating what all is entailed in the principle and what is at stake in maintaining or rejecting it. The objective is to provide a detailed exposition of the dogmatic principle and then to outline a potential argumentation for its credibility and necessity for theology. The article first explains this principle within Newman’s historical context with attention to the primary sources. It then explains what a dogma is according to Newman. The final section critically engages with contemporary challenges and trends that in various ways undermine or reject Newman’s principle. The conclusion briefly considers how theology is conducted with and without Newman’s dogmatic principle.
A Content Analysis of Professional Development in Social Justice and Diversity in Rehabilitation Counselor Education
Authors: Levine Allison , Saia Toni , Guillermo Mari , Fleming Allison R. , Ko Eunjeong , Qisti Dewi
Published: August 2024

The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) Code of Ethics has historically emphasized the importance of cultural competency for rehabilitation counselors. The newly revised Code explicitly delineates the ethical imperative of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors (CRCs) to maintain personal awareness of anti-ableism, antiracism, social justice, cultural humility, and other central facets of socially just practice. Rehabilitation counselors must be exposed to social justice and diversity content during their training to meet the needs of disabled people and these ethical mandates. Professional conferences are a primary avenue to receive training related to social justice for counselors as well as the educators who provide pre-service training. The current study explores the social justice and diversity-related content provided to rehabilitation counselor educators through the National Council on Rehabilitation Education (NCRE) annual conferences. Analysis of 1,137 conference sessions from 2014 to 2019 revealed that just under a third of the sessions in the selected conferences presented content that reflected multicultural competence, social justice, or social justice for a minoritized group of individuals. Approximately half of the coded sessions reflected multicultural content only, and the remaining were relatively evenly split between social justice and social justice for a specific population. Implications for rehabilitation counselor education and curriculum development are presented.
Large Dam–Induced Displacements, Compensation and Conflicts: Interpreting Conflict Over LHWP II Implementation in Lesotho
Authors: Lehema Reitumetse , Thebe Vusilizwe
Published: August 2024

The Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase II (LHWP II) implementation in Mokhotlong district has generated bitter conflict between affected communities and the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA). This conflict has been explained in terms of dissatisfaction by affected communities over compensation. This article argues that the compensation question is complex and that the LHDA failed to appreciate the complexity of the issue. As a result, it did not grasp the realities of displacement and resettlement and treated community losses like a transaction, which could be traded off at market value. It, thus, stresses the significance of the socio-cultural element and the need to consider this for any compensation policy. The conclusion is that conflict occurred due to the gap between the compensation package and realities of losses, which could result in the impoverishment of affected households.
Testing the Effect of Political Ideology on the Southern Vowel Shift among White Georgians
Authors: Glass Lelia , Forrest Jon
Published: August 2024

Against the backdrop of the fading Southern Vowel Shift, this paper explores the degree to which different young adults maintain or forego the SVS as a function of demographic traits and self-reported political ideology. Using data from 126 White young adults who grew up in Georgia and were recorded as university students, we find that the more canonically “Southern” pronunciations of the vowels in FACE, DRESS, TRAP, and PRIZE are positively correlated with a continuous measurement of political conservatism, even controlling for gender and hometown. These findings are consistent with speakers’ qualitative impression that the SVS is indexically linked to the conservative political beliefs attributed to a stereotyped White Southerner, constituting one factor that may motivate young adults in this changing landscape to maintain or forego the SVS.
Histology Atlas of the Developing Mouse Respiratory System From Prenatal Day 9.0 Through Postnatal Day 30
Authors: Parslow Vanessa R. , Elmore Susan A. , Cochran Robert Z. , Bolon Brad , Mahler Beth , Sabio David , Lubeck Beth A.
Published: August 2024

Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability around the world. Mice are commonly used as models of human respiratory disease. Phenotypic analysis of mice with spontaneous, congenital, inherited, or treatment-related respiratory tract abnormalities requires investigators to discriminate normal anatomic features of the respiratory system from those that have been altered by disease. Many publications describe individual aspects of normal respiratory tract development, primarily focusing on morphogenesis of the trachea and lung. However, a single reference providing detailed low- and high-magnification, high-resolution images of routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections depicting all major structures of the entire developing murine respiratory system does not exist. The purpose of this atlas is to correct this deficiency by establishing one concise reference of high-resolution color photomicrographs from whole-slide scans of H&E-stained tissue sections. The atlas has detailed descriptions and well-annotated images of the developing mouse upper and lower respiratory tracts emphasizing embryonic days (E) 9.0 to 18.5 and major early postnatal events. The selected images illustrate the main structures and events at key developmental stages and thus should help investigators both confirm the chronological age of mouse embryos and distinguish normal morphology as well as structural (cellular and organ) abnormalities.
Quality assurance for cancer patient safety: Clinical assessment for precise angles in linac during radiation therapy
Authors: Salahuddin Sana , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad , Iqbal Khalid , Azam Muhammad Adeel , Aslam Mamona , Altaf Saima , Ikhlaq Ayesha , Mustafa Muhammad Usman , Strigari Lidia
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Quality assurance for stereotactic body radiation treatment requires that isocentric verification be ensured during gantry rotation at various angles. This study examined statistical parameters on Winston-Lutz tests to distinguish the deviation of angles from isocenter during gantry rotation using machine learning.

Method:

The Varian TrueBeam linac was aligned with the marked lines on the Ruby phantom. Eight images were captured while the gantry was rotating at a 45° shift. The statistical features were derived from IsoCheck EPID software. The decision tree model was applied to these Winston-Lutz tests to cluster data into two groups: precise and error angles.

Results:

At 90° and 270° angles, the gantry exhibits isocentric stability compared to other angles. In these angles, the most statistical features were inside the range. Most variations were observed at 0° and 180° angles. In most tests, the angles 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° showed reasonable performance and with less variation.

Conclusion:

The comprehensive statistical analyses for gantry rotation of angles assists expert radiotherapists in determining the contribution of each feature that highly affects gantry movement at specific angles. Misalignment between radiation isocenter and imaging isocenter, tuning of the beam at each angle, or a slight change in the position of the Ruby phantom can further improve the inaccuracy that causes the most variations. Better precision can effectively increase patient safety and quality during cancer treatment.
Comparing the Performance of Different Missing Data Imputation Approaches in Discrete Outcome Modeling
Authors: Jahan Md Istiak , Bhowmik Tanmoy , Hoover Lauren , Eluru Naveen
Published: August 2024

Although several approaches exist for data imputation, these approaches are not commonly applied in transportation. The current paper is geared toward assisting transportation researchers and practitioners in developing models using datasets with missing data. The study begins with a data simulation exercise evaluating different solutions implemented for missing data. The dimensions considered in our analysis include: the nature of independent variables, different types of missing variables, different shares of missing values, multiple data sample sizes, and evaluation of single imputation (SI), multiple imputation (MI) and complete case data (CCD) approach. The comparison is conducted by adopting the appropriate inference process for the MI approach with multiple realizations. From the simulation exercise, we find that the MI approach consistently performs better than the SI approach. Among various realizations, the MI approach with five realizations is selected based on our results. The MI approach with five realizations is compared with the CCD approach under different conditions using model fit measures and parameter marginal effects. In the presence of a small share of missing data, for larger datasets, the results suggest that it might be beneficial to develop a CCD model by dropping observations with missing values as opposed to developing imputation models. However, when the share of missing data warrants variable exclusion, it is important and even necessary that the MI approach be employed for model development. In the second part of the paper, based on our findings, we implemented the MI approach for real empirical datasets with missing values for four discrete outcome variables.
Prediction of Maximum Live-Load Effects for Bridges Based on Weigh-in-Motion Data
Authors: Lou Patrick , Yang Chan , Nassif Hani
Published: August 2024

Truck load spectra based on weigh-in-motion (WIM) measurements have been utilized in developing site-specific live load models to predict the maximum load effects on bridges. Conventional load extrapolation has been utilized to develop the AASHTO load-and-resistance factor design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications, while few studies have evaluated the accuracy of the load extrapolation techniques with actual data. The current AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) utilizes the top 5% of the load effects to extrapolate the 5-year maximum load effects for load rating. However, in the cases of high truck volume, the predicted 5-year maximum load effects using AASHTO MBE are significantly lower than the observed value because of the selection of the upper tail. Therefore, the choice of the upper tail size needs further validation. This paper proposes a modification to the conventional live load extrapolation method. Firstly, more accurate maximum load values for different return periods are determined through simulation and validated using 7 years of continuous data. Then, the values from conventional live load extrapolations using different upper tail sizes are obtained and compared with the simulation values. The optimal upper tail size is determined when the minimum error is yielded. The findings suggest that using a specific number of trucks for the upper tail yields greater accuracy compared to a percentage-based approach. Specifically, the recommended range is between 3,000 to 5,000 trucks, with an optimal number of 3,600. This paper concludes with recommendations to the AASHTO MBE to enhance the accuracy of live load extrapolation.
The Value of Marx in The Value of Everything
Authors: Tonak E. Ahmet
Published: August 2024

This brief note concentrates solely on a section of the first part of The Value of Everything: Making and Taking in the Global Economy, specifically “Karl Marx on ‘Production’ Labour.” I discuss several issues: Mazzucato’s understanding of Marx’s distinction between productive and unproductive labor (henceforth PUPL), her terminological vagueness and mistakes, and some inaccurate bibliographic and factual information.

JEL Classification: B0, B5, P1
Combination eEF2K gene and drug delivery for treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Tunc Cansu Umran , Khurana Nitish , Ghandehari Hamidreza
Published: August 2024

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer types, including hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Targeting of eEF2K has demonstrated anti-tumor activity with the potential of enhanced treatment efficacy in combination with chemotherapy. Here, we describe gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) based delivery of siRNAs enabling eEF2K knockdown in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) to estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (MCF7) cells. The siRNAs and DOX were co-delivered on the same NP or delivered on separate NPs in a mixture at various siRNA:drug ratios. Effective inhibition of eEF2K expression was provided together with delivery of DOX leading to the enhanced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation compared to DOX delivery alone. siRNA:DOX ratio of 1:2.25 demonstrated synergistic inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Delivery of eEF2K siRNAs and DOX on separate NPs showed anti-proliferative activity superior to co-delivery on the same NP. These results suggest that eEF2K inhibition enhanced the anticancer activity of chemotherapy on MCF7 breast cancer cells and that the delivery method of the therapeutics had an influence on cytotoxicity.
Hot Leadership, Cool Leadership: How Education Policies are Implemented (and Ignored) in Schools
Authors: Brooks Jeffrey S. , Brooks Melanie C.
Published: August 2024

The article advances an emergent framework for conceptualizing the relationship between principal leadership and education policy implementation. Based on a qualitative study of school principals and policy implementation in Region X of the Philippines, findings suggested that the way in which policies were interpreted and implemented at the school level was influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics and these were shaped in situ by individual, school and community inhibitors and facilitators. These motivations and localized contexts were critical to implementation, and compelled principals to ignore, monitor, or implement education policies as a priority.
Distributed robust neural network adaptive fault-tolerant control for amorphous flattened air-ground wireless self-assembly network system
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Huang Quanzhen , Chen Suxia , Yu Jianguo
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, how to solve the problem of unknown fault interference (including external unknown interference and internal actuator unknown fault disturbance) encountered during the operation of amorphous flat air-ground wireless self-assembled network systems has become a research hotspot. In this paper, a distributed robust neural network adaptive fault-tolerant controller is designed by incorporating the robust neural network optimal control law into the robust adaptive fault-tolerant controller, and the robust fault-tolerant control factor and adaptive neural network adjustment factor makes the closed-loop wireless self-assembled network system with the active feedback adjustment of the robust fault-tolerant feedback matrix K of the adaptive neural network to make the performance parameters converge to the ideal target value asymptotically, and the system error function can asymptotically converge to zero. The simulation and experimental results show that the system as a whole has good robust fault tolerance performance and active learning performance of the adaptive neural network. Moreover, the stability of the air-ground wireless self-assembly network topology can be relatively improved by 50% when the communication distance between the wireless self-assembly network nodes is 1500 m. This paper provides a certain research basis for the subsequent deployment and application of large-scale long spacing of air-ground wireless self-assembled networks.
Design of an observer-based anti-disturbance speed tracking controller for integrated motor-transmission systems under uncertain parameters and road slope variation
Authors: Lai Weilong , Pan Juntao
Published: August 2024

The performance of speed tracking is crucial for electric vehicles. In this paper, the observer-based speed tracking controller is designed to improve the stability, reliability, and economy of the IMT system by obtaining unmeasurable state information using the observer. The nonlinearity of the IMT system, the uncertainty of the electric damping coefficient, and the drive shaft damping coefficient are taken into account. First, the norm-bounded uncertainty reduction method describes the system uncertainty parameters and establishes the state space in expression. Second, the system is reconstructed to deal with the nonlinear and unmeasurable states. Third, Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) are used to design the optimal controller that has [Formula: see text] and LQR performance conditions to minimize the effects of sensor noise and road slope and to ensure system stability and control performance. Among them, the nonlinear mismatch term in the system is dealt with using the differential mean value theorem (DMVT). Finally, compared with other controllers, the designed controller has good tracking performance, anti-disturbance, and robustness, and the observer can estimate the state effectively.
H∞ preview control for a class of continuous-time system with actuator saturation
Authors: Wu Jiang , Wang Yingxin , Fan Denggui , Xie Hao , Li Li , Zou Yao
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the [Formula: see text] preview control problem for a class of continuous-time systems with actuator saturation. Firstly, an integrator auxiliary variable is introduced to merge the preview compensation term based on the future reference trajectory to the state variable of error system (ES). The tracking control problem is transformed into a standard [Formula: see text] controller design problem. Meanwhile, the indirect function of the actuator saturation is employed to overcome the saturation constraint in the closed-loop system. By using Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality (LMI), the exist conditions of controller are established. And for the original system, the tracking controller with preview action is designed. Finally, an example on an L-1011 aircraft is given to show the effectiveness and superiority of recommended strategy in tracking and saturation control.