bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sciences et philosophie dans les Magasins pédagogiques de M me Le Prince de Beaumont
Authors: Cherrad Sonia
Published: December 2013

Résumé : Le XVIII e  siècle n’accorde guère de place aux connaissances scientifiques dans l’éducation des jeunes filles. M me  Le Prince de Beaumont fait exception qui introduit dans ses ouvrages des notions de physique, chimie, biologie ou astronomie, dans leur plus vive actualité (les débats sur la théorie de Newton) et en évitant de recourir au merveilleux (à propos des phénomènes électriques). Dans la tradition inaugurée par Fontenelle, elle fait appel pour faire comprendre et expliquer au dialogue, aux métaphores, à des situations expérimentales simples. La philosophie naturelle de M me  de Beaumont est d’inspiration cartésienne, ce qui signifie qu’elle s’appuie sur la réflexion et l’observation, laisse sa place au doute, et ménage de la sorte la place de la religion. Elle réalise ainsi un habile équilibre entre les exigences d’une vulgarisation scientifique conforme à l’esprit des Lumières et les réquisits sociaux de l’éducation des jeunes filles.
Catalyst Activity on Landfill Leachate Treatment with CWAO Method
Authors: Wan Qing Yu , Zhang Yong Li , Lin Jin Bing
Published: December 2013

The landfill leachate belongs to typical high concentration and organic pollutant wastewater. In this study, Landfill leachate was treated with Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) method. The monitoring indicators consist of CODCr, absorbance, pH and chroma. The results show that the activity of the catalysts arrange from high to low: Co (NO3)2, Cu (NO3)2, Fe (NO3)3, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, Mn (NO3)2, FeSO4, Zn (NO3)2, Bi (NO3)3, Zr (NO3)2, Ni (NO3)2; For the same kind of metal, the catalytic activity of nitrates is higher than that of sulfates; Relative to the distribution of catalyst, the activity of Co (NO3)2 is the strongest. With the optimized catalyst Co (NO3)2 , the landfill leachate has been treated. With the extension of reaction time, the effluent CODCr, absorbance and chroma reduced, but the wastewater biodegradability indicator B/C improved. At the reaction time of 90 min, the CODCr of landfill leachate reduced to 7176 mg/L, and the absorbance and the chroma reduced to 9.1 and 1600 times, respectively. The above results show that the activity of catalyst Co (NO3)2 is high, and the biochemical indicators B/C of wastewater is higher than the critical value of 0.3. Therefore, the treated wastewater shows the good biodegradability, and the chosen catalyst of Co (NO3)2 presents the high activity.
Synthesis of Sandwich-Like Carbon@SnO2@Carbon Composite Hollow Microspheres with High Rate Capability and Stability for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Jin , Zhang Dong Yang , Ding Shu Jiang
Published: December 2013

In this work, we prepared the sandwich-like carbon@SnO2@carbon hollow spheres by templating against polystyrene spheres. The hollow spheres are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical performance as the anodes of lithium-ions batteries are studied by the cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanostatic discharge-charge voltage tests. Because of the interesting structure, the as prepared carbon@SnO2@carbon hollow spheres deliver a reversible capacity of 492 mA h g-1after 50 cycles at a high current density of 400 mA g-1.
Temperature Cracks Controlling Technology for the Mass Concrete in Solid Sections of Lower Pylon Column
Authors: Gao Fu Liang , Fang Yan Wei
Published: December 2013

According to the case that mass concrete in solid sections of lower pylon column of Jiashao Bridge was easy to crack in construction because of the bigger section size, larger content of cementitious material and lower water binder ratio, the temperature and thermal stresses distribution of mass concrete was simulated and temperature control scheme was adjusted constantly based on the results of field temperature monitoring. Through taking some temperature control measures such as applying circulating cooling water and prolonging the time appropriately, thermal insulation and moisture retention curing, extending the form removal time and controlling the quality of concrete, harmful cracks did not appear in solid sections of lower pylon column of Jiashao Bridge and anticipated temperature control requirements were achieved.
Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Natural Modes and Frequencies of Hollow Fan Blades
Authors: Nikhamkin M. , Bolotov B.
Published: December 2013

Natural modes and frequencies of gas turbine engine hollow fan blades were experimentally investigated. The blades were produced with the method of super-plastic molding and pressure welding combination. Two independent experimental methods were used: three-component scanning laser vibrometry and impact modal analysis. Natural frequencies and vibration modes of a hollow fan blade and stress fields corresponding to the natural modes were got. The finite element modal analysis was carried out. The hollow fan blade was stated to have particular natural vibration modes. The investigation results can be used to detune the resonance vibrations and to verify calculation models.
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Thin-Walled Cold-Formed Steel Beams with Web Holes - Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Horacek Martin , Melcher Jindrich
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the problems of analysis and design of thin-walled steel beams with circular web holes. The analysis based on the finite element method modeling is being performed on the case of perforated Sigma beams used in the storage systems and expedient flooring structures. The Sigma beams are generally used as floor girders which are subjected to the bending. In some cases the beams are not laterally restraint and the effect of lateral torsional buckling may occur. In the current engineering practice several design procedures are used to determine the bending resistance with respect to lateral torsional buckling. In this paper the results of FEM analysis are compared with the bending resistances calculated according the Eurocodedesign procedure.
Prediction of Fatigue Crack Initiation in Complete Contact Fretting Fatigue
Authors: Maslan M.H. , Sheikh M.A. , Arun S.
Published: December 2013

Fretting induced cracking is commonly observed in industrial components that are in contact and are subjected to small oscillatory movements between them. Fretting causes a considerable reduction in fatigue strength. In this paper, finite element modeling is used in conjunction with Smith Watson Topper (SWT) criterion to estimate crack initiation in fretting. The predictions from the analysis are compared with the experimental results. It is concluded that the analysis must include the effect of residual stress and wear profile with debris effect for better predictions.
Enhanced Response Turbocharger Using Motor/Generator
Authors: Thombre Mayuresh Subhash , Borkar Prajyot Prakashrao
Published: December 2013

A turbocharger system which is used in an internal combustion engine and particularly suitable for use in an on-road vehicle is provided with a turbocharger including a turbine, a compressor and a turboshaft coupling the turbine and the compressor together. A turbo lag is produced in a turbocharger. A solution to this is mechanically coupling it to a motor/generator (motor which acts as a generator when required); storing the power in battery when boost available exceeds the required boost; and rotating the turbocharger shaft using motor during insufficient turbocharger boost. The turbocharger provides a compact and efficient method of storing energy in the battery during excess period of turbocharger boost, and retrieving energy from the battery (using motor) during periods of insufficient turbocharger boost.
Selected 5-Axis Strategies for High-Speed Milling of Thin-Walled Parts
Authors: Kováč Martin , Peterka Jozef
Published: December 2013

The article deals with the proposed 5-axis strategies of high-speed milling of thin-walled parts. I proposed three ways of material take-in. It is an advantage that by this milling the shaft of the tool is not in contact with the machined surface. Each tool contact with the machined surface leaves an unwanted track on the parts surface. Article present new methods for five axes high speed milling flexible parts. Experimental part was five axis high speed milling and measuring quality of surface. Results were evaluated by statistic methods by software Minitab.
Campus Card Information Query System Design and Implementation
Authors: Yang Jian Ning , Lin Kun
Published: December 2013

This paper introduces the "Campus Card " information inquiry system structure composed mainly discusses the Web-based "Campus Card " information system design and implementation .
Digital Maintenance and Training of Digital Manufacturing - Reliability Theory and Principle of Modern Maintenance and Monitoring Technique
Authors: Diallo Thierno Mamadou Pathe , Li Hong Sheng
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the digital maintenance and digital training of digital manufacturing in the sense of reliability theory and principle of modern maintenance and monitoring technique. The main objective of the digital maintenance is to have increased availability of production systems, with increased safety and optimized cost. The digital training programmes are directed toward maintaining and improving current job performance, while development programmes seek to develop competencies for future roles. After the monitoring technique and digital training introduced; the paper presents different kind of maintenance.
Multi-Focus Image Fusion Method via Multiple Wavelet Bases
Authors: An Wen Liu , Wang Xiao Ling
Published: December 2013

In this article, a new method for multi-focus image fusion via multiple wavelet bases is proposed.Firstly the wavelet transform is used to perform a multiscale decomposion on each image , then based on local gradient in the fusion to get primary fusion image .And then a set of the primary fusion images are obtained.Next these primary fusion images are fused to obtain final fusion iamge within spatial domain based on local variances weighted average rule.Experimental results show the new method is better than the traditional single wavelet base method in fusion effect.
Analysis of Stability for Generalized Discrete Large-Scale Systems
Authors: Fang Chen , Shi Jiang Hong , Yu Shuang , Mao Jian Fang
Published: December 2013

Based on the condition that all independent subsystems of the generalized large-scale systems are regular and causal, this thesis studied both stability and instability of discrete linear generalized large-scale systems through Lyapunov equation and Lyapunov function, and proposed the criterion theorem for the stability or instability of discrete linear generalized large-scale systems.
Development of an Equipment Failure Identification Expert System with Multiple Reasoning Approaches
Authors: Ho Yeong Ho , Wang Huei Sen , Wang Hei Chia
Published: December 2013

The goal of the reasoning system in this study is to identify the most similar failure type or failure cases. As a user inputs all possible requirements (attributes), the inference engine of the system carries out its similarity assessment (inference approaches) and ranks rules or cases from the data base. Various inference approaches are chosen to find out the optimal method for the RBR and CBR system. The CBR system offers two types of inference methods which are hierarchical factors, flat factors without weight. For RBR system, there three types of inference methods are chosen, one is complete matched and the others are partial matched approaches which use the inference capability of CBR.
The performance of developed system is then evaluated by using the real cases from China Steel Corporation (CSC). For the RBR system, performance is directly check the inferred order of the document ranking list. For the CBR system, the effectiveness of each inference method is evaluated by using Recall, Precision, and F-Measure approaches. From the test results, many recommendations are proposed.
Classification of Chinese Popular Songs Using a Fusion Scheme of GMM Model Estimate and Formant Feature Analysis
Authors: Ding Ing Jr , Yen Chih Ta , Chang Che Wei
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a fusion scheme that combines Gaussian mixture model (GMM) calculations and formant feature analysis, called GMM-Formant, is proposed for classification of Chinese popular songs. Generally, automatic classification of popular music could be performed by two main categories of techniques, model-based and feature-based approaches. In model-based classification techniques, GMM is widely used for its simplicity. In feature-based music recognition, the formant parameter is an important acoustic feature for evaluation. The proposed GMM-Formant method takes use of linear interpolation for combining GMM likelihood estimates and formant evaluation results appropriately. GMM-Formant will effectively adjust the likelihood score, which is derived from GMM calculations, by referring to certain degree of formant feature evaluation outcomes. By considering both model-based and feature-based techniques for song classification, GMM-Formant provides a more reliable recognition classification result and therefore will maintain a satisfactory performance in recognition accuracy. Experimental results obtained from a musical data set of numerous Chinese popular songs show the superiority of the proposed GMM-Formant.

Keywords: Song classification; Gaussian mixture model; Formant feature; GMM-Formant.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Fusion in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Guo Man Man , Liu Yun Xue , Fan Wen Qiang
Published: December 2013

Spectrum sensing is a crucial issue in cognitive radio networks for primary user detection. Cooperative sensing based on energy detection in the cognitive radio network with multiple antennas base-station is considered in this letter. To improve the sensing performance, we investigate hybrid fusion of the observed energies from the base-station and decisions (1bit, hard information) from different cognitive radio (CR) users around the base-station. Further, we present an optimized scheme where the global detection probability can be maximized according to the Neyman-Pearson criterion. Finally the impact of the change of parameters (Signal to Noise Ratio and number of CR users) in the optimized scheme is analyzed. Numerical simulations and extensive analysis confirm that hybrid fusion base on the optimized scheme is a good choice, also, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and number of CR users does not have influence on the optimized scheme
Seismic Testing and Verification for 30 Tons Scaled-Down Model of Reinforced Concrete Containment Vessel
Authors: Chen Yu Chih , Lin Wei Ting , Chu Tung Liang , Wu Yuan Chieh
Published: December 2013

The scaled-down model of Reinforced Concrete Containment Vessel (RCCV) for Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) building, whose weight is 30 tons, is the biggest seismic test in Taiwan, until now. The design and stress analysis of the testing model is following the ASME-359 code. This experimental test can be the basis to check whether the scaled-down RCCV is safe or not when it undergoes the fictitious seismic loading came from shaking table. The other object of this test is getting the experimental data of dynamic responses, such as accelerations and displacements, to verify the validity of numerical model.
Preliminary Volcanic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Tatun Volcano Group in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Pan Cheng Yu , Wu Yuan Cheih , Chang Chih Wei
Published: December 2013

Tatun volcano group is located in north Taiwan and near Taipei Basin where several million people live there. Although it provides hot spring and landscape for citizens and keeps calm most of time, the threat remains, particularly for the two nearby nuclear power plants. This paper discusses the seismic hazard of volcanic seismic source including source characterization of Tatun volcano group, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), and its preliminary seismic hazard result. Based on nuclear regulatory requirement for PSHA, the uncertainties of source parameters are vital, such as geometry, maximum earthquake, and activity relating earthquake catalog selection, so the first-time seismic source characterization workshop for volcano is held to let domestic experts discuss their hypotheses and investigation result. Hence, the renewed source parameters can represent current geo-science for Tatun volcanic seismic source, and the process of PSHA can lead the better way to combine the result of different research projects for Tatun volcano.
Promoting Usage of Effective Rainfall in Pond Irrigation System
Authors: Wu Ray Shyan , Yu Shan Feng , Chen Shih Wei
Published: December 2013

The pond irrigation system, which was developed in the early twentieth century, is an effective rainfall harvesting method that exploits geographical features to overcome hydrologic disadvantages. The concept of the pond irrigation system is to reserve excess rainwater runoff in farm ponds that act as small reservoirs supplying water to farmlands during the drought periods. This study aimed to promote the pond irrigation systems in the Tao-Yuan area. The irrigation system model developed in this study shows how agriculture water demand in a region can be fulfilled by adjusting system dynamics of waterways such as canals, river weirs, and farm ponds. This water demands can be met in 2 ways: (1) deep-ponding irrigation and (2) adjusting the backup storage ratio of farm ponds between up- and down-stream areas. Our analytical results showed that deep-ponding irrigation could be used to effectively harvest rainfall to reduce agricultural water demands from the Shih-Men Reservoir and increase the amount of water reserved for farming purposes. Furthermore, in our model, during drought periods and/or when the reservoir water supply is inadequate, the backup water storage ratio in the downstream regions is greater than that in the upstream regions, such that water in upper ponds is reduced and the storage capacity of lower ponds is increased to store more return flow from upstream.
Corrosion Risk of Stainless Steel Facilities in the Coastal Regions of Taiwan
Authors: Huang Tailin , Chang Heui Yung
Published: December 2013

In Taiwan, many industrial facilities are located in coastal regions. A large portion of those facilities are constructed with stainless steel. Over time, sodium chloride from seawater vapor would deposit on the surface of the facilities and the chloride ions in it can lead to corrosion and cracks. This process is the so-called stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Theoretically, the SCC failures increase with the level of residual stress created by the welding and cold working processes. Practically, however, the corrosion risk is governed by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that interact as a complex process. In this paper, we propose a dynamic approach for controlling the SCC risk. Firstly, we review some recent experimental work and filed investigations on stainless steel facilities in Taiwan. Following that, a dynamic risk management approach is explained and applied to develop a research roadmap for controlling the complex corrosion risk. In sum, we find that the best way to control the corrosion risk of the facilities is to remove the chlorides from the air by an ion exchange process accompanied with continuous monitoring and maintenance efforts during their operation life cycle.
The Construction Protest Management Study with NIMBY Conflict
Authors: Lin Lee Kuo , Zhou Yu Ru , Lin Jia Wei
Published: December 2013

Conflicts often occur with public facility construction. In sociology terms, the factor caused opposite opinions and flights from neighborhood people called NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon. Although NIMBY has been mentioned and discussed in lots of related researches, but there is no particular one to focus on making NIMBY phenomenon into quantization based on construction job-site interface. In this study, the Wastewater Sewer System construction project has been taken as a real case to find main factors caused NIMBY phenomenon and then makes the affiliated NIMBY phenomenon into quantization. The Wastewater Sewer System construction project is taken as the demonstration case due to wastewater facility belong to low accepting and high NIMBY within all public construction projects. In this study, the questionnaire and consulting survey are made to investigate the professional opinions of experts of sewer system facility and NIMBY response of citizens. The questionnaire is designed by fuzzy linguistic scale and quantized by Fuzzy Delphi Method. Then mainly factors caused NIMBY phenomenon and corresponding improvement measures are derived by the result of questionnaires and anti-NIMBY self-check list which can be established and used in daily process at construction job-site. This research develops NIMBY curves to estimate the NIMBY affection of citizens under the unsure circumstance of noise, air and water pollution with sewer system construction. Also the fuzzy rule base can be discovered by predicting NIMBY affection under the various violence of noise, air and water pollution in Fuzzy Inference Method. The anti-NIMBY self-check list for sewer system construction developed by this study can be used for examining the factor caused NIMBY and finding corresponding improvement measures in pre-construction period and construction period for managing workers at construction field. During construction period, the NIMBY Conflict Index system calculated from fuzzy rule based on NIMBY affection can be executed persistently to control NIMBY affection to avoid NIMBY conflict events happened.
Centrifuge Modeling on Seismic Behavior of Pile in Liquefiable Soil Ground
Authors: Hung Wen Yi , Lee Chung Jung , Chung Wen Ya , Tsai Chen Hui , Chen Ting , Huang Chin Cheng , Wu Yuan Chieh
Published: December 2013

Dramatic failure of pile foundations caused by the soil liquefaction was founded leading to many studies for investigating the seismic behavior of pile. The failures were often accompanied with settlement, lateral displacement and tilting of superstructures. Therefore soil-structure interaction effects must be properly considered in the pile design. Two tests by using the centrifuge shaking table were conducted at an acceleration field of 80 g to investigate the seismic response of piles attached with different tip mass and embedded in liquefied or non-liquefied deposits during shaking. It was found that the maximum bending moment of pile occurs at the depth of 4 m and 5 m for dry sand and saturated sand models, respectively. The more tip mass leads to the more lateral displacement of pile head and the more residual bending moment.
Development of Physical-Parameter Identification Procedure for Energy-Dissipated Buildings with Symmetric Ductile Braces
Authors: Huang Ming Chih , Wang Yen Po , Lin Tzu Kang , Wang Jer Fu
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a pseudo-single-degree-of-freedom system identification procedure is developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of energy-dissipated buildings equipped with symmetric ductile braces (SDBs). The primary structure is assumed to be linear on account of substantial reduction of seismic forces due to the installation of SDBs for which a bilinear hysteretic model is considered. The hysteretic model is in turn characterized by a backbone curve by which the multi-valued restoring force is transformed into a single-valued function. With the introduction of backbone curves, the system identification analysis of inelastic structures is significantly simplified. The proposed algorithm extracts individually the physical parameters of each primary structure and each energy-dissipation device that are considered useful information in the structural health monitoring. A numerical example is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using the proposed technique for physical parameter identification of partially inelastic energy-dissipated buildings.
Model for Evaluating Uncertain Project Duration Considering Construction Interface Problems
Authors: Wang Shih Hsu , Lai Yu Ting , Liu Jang Jeng , Wang Wei Chih
Published: December 2013

Many probabilistic scheduling models have been developed to determine the duration of construction projects. However, these models are not appropriate to capture the effect of the factors that are involved construction interface problems on the durations of multiple activities. This work presents a simulation-based probabilistic scheduling model that includes the impact of construction interface problems on the duration of building projects. The proposed model is established according to an activity duration model and a work-group (WG)-based schedule network. The activity duration model is applied to reflect the effects of general factors on the duration of each activity; the WG-based schedule network is employed to evaluate the effects of construction interface problems on the durations of multiple activities. The results of applying the proposed model to an example project reveal that the duration of a project can be over-optimistically estimated if the effects of construction interface problems are neglected.
Enhancing Collapse Detection and Alarms in Bridge Management
Authors: Tsai Ming Kuan , Yau Nie Jia
Published: December 2013

Taiwan has more than 28,000 bridges. In the past decades, because of scour problems, some bridges collapsed. Such accidents have caused severe economic losses and killed many people. Although Taiwanese government agencies have mitigated the relationship between natural hazards and bridge collapse, the lack of mechanisms for bridge collapse detection and on-site emergency alarms still exists at bridge sites. Therefore, this study proposes a bridge safety monitoring information system. With mixed collapse detectors, this information system could identify the status of various bridge elements in real time. After two-year tests at six bridge sites, this study confirmed that the performance of the bridge safety monitoring information system. Overall, this study helps for similar applications in bridge and disaster management.
A New Damage Detection Method for Aging Offshore Platform Using Two Measurements
Authors: Liu Fu Shun , Chen Wen Wen , Yang Dong Ping , Qin Jun Fei , Yue Zhan Gang , Lu Hong Chao , Xu Li
Published: December 2013

A new damage assessment method is proposed for aging offshore platforms based on dynamic tests. The stiff nesses of the measured model corresponding to the two measurement moments are estimated by a series of stiffness-correction factors, respectively. Based on these stiffness-correction factors a new damage indicator is defined aiming at reducing influences of existed damages accumulated before the first measurement on damage assessment occurred between the two adjacent measurements. One theoretical improvement is that the requirement using the stiffness matrix of FEM to replace the one of the measured model can be ignored in the calculation of MSE of the measured model. The other development is influences of damages accumulated before the first measurement on damage detection occurs between the two measurements could be reduced greatly, which is very important for aging platforms because these platforms have not been tested aiming at damage detection during their previous service life, especially for most platforms in China. A jacket platform is chosen for numerical studies, and numerical results show that the proposed method could identify damages occurred between the two measurements properly, even including damage severity estimation.
Item Relational Structure Theory Based on Liu’s Improved Nonparametric IRT Theory
Authors: Liu Hsiang Chuan , Yu Yen Kuei , Tsai Hsien Chang
Published: December 2013

In this paper, an extensional item relational structure theory based on the improved nonparametric item response theory is proposed. Item relational structure theory (Takeya, 1991) was developed to detect item relational structures of a group of subjects. The differences of these structures and experts knowledge structures can provide more information for planning remedial instruction, developing instruction materials, or educational researches. In this study, Lius improved nonparametric item response theory ( Liu, 2000, 2013) without the local independence assumption is used to estimate the joint probability of two items, and construct personal item relational structures. A Mathematics example is also provided in this paper to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method
An Extensive Evaluation Design Approach to Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Wu Chang Tzuoh , Liu Nien Te
Published: December 2013

This research focuses on matter-element theory and extension method, with help of this method; HOQ of QFD can be built more comprehensively and efficiently. Quality function deployment was designed to improve quality in product development. The major procedure of QFD is to identify the customers needs for the product and then convert into appropriate technical measures to fulfill the needs. According to their characteristics to identify the relevant engineering parameters, the prior engineering parameters will be selected as the key requirements to redesign. This study proposes an innovative design and problem-solving process, based on quality function deployment method with the assistances of extension of matter-element. With the help of extension method, customer requirements (CRs) can be translated into product design attributes more widely and engineering characteristics (ECs) can provide effect assistance for the designer to conceive new products comprehensively and deeply. The proposed design evaluation procedure was developed by integrating weighting coefficients of QFD and optimal criteria of extension method. The innovative design case, wheelchair for the elderly, successfully demonstrates the proposed design approach.
Small Scale Effect on Nonlinear Vibration of Fluid-Loaded Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Uncertainty
Authors: Chang Tai Ping
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the statistical dynamic behaviors of nonlinear vibration of the fluid-loaded double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) by considering the effects of the geometric nonlinearity and the nonlinearity of van der Waals (vdW) force. Besides, the small scale effects of the nonlinear vibration of the DWCNTs are studied by using the theory of nonlocal elasticity. The nonlinear governing equations of the fluid-conveying DWCNTs are formulated based on the Hamilton's principle. The Young's modulus of elasticity of the DWCNTs is assumed as stochastic to actually describe the random material properties of the DWCNTs. By utilizing the perturbation technique, the nonlinear governing equations of the fluid-conveying can be decomposed into two sets of nonlinear differential equations involving the mean value of the displacement and the first variation of the displacement separately. Then we adopt the harmonic balance method in conjunction with Galerkin's method to solve the nonlinear differential equations successively. Some statistical dynamic response of the DWCNTs such as the mean values and standard deviations of the amplitude of the displacement are computed; meanwhile the effects of small scale coefficients on the statistical dynamic response of the DWCNTs are investigated.
Compound Optical Film Using Gray Scale Mask Embedded with Micro-Voids
Authors: Chen Y.C. , Pan C.T. , Wu H.C. , Chen Y.J. , Yang H.C.
Published: December 2013

This study presents a compound optical film to improve luminance and uniformity to apply in side-LED (Light-emitting diode) backlight module. LIGA (Lithographie GalVanoformung Abformung) technology, soft lithography and homemade gray scale mask were combined to fabricate micro-lens array. Optical film with variable size micro-lens array embedded with micro-voids was designed and manufactured. FRED software was used to simulate optical performance. Micro-voids were quantitatively embedded in the PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) optical film. Under the quantitative control of air pressure, those micro-voids inside the optical film can cause light diffusion. The compound optical film with embedded micro-voids, multi aspect ratio and variable size micro-lens array can be fabricated quickly without substrate. Luminance Colorimeter BM-7A from TOPCON was used to carry out the optical measurement. According to the measured data, the compound optical film with embedded micro-voids can enhance the luminance up to 5% and the uniformity up to 6.5% ~ 8.4%. The optical efficiency can be improved via the compound optical film.
Reducing Cogging Force of a Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Linear Synchronous Motor
Authors: Tseng Wan Tsun , Kuo Chen Nan
Published: December 2013

This paper presents means to minimize the cogging force of a new type of permanent magnet excited transverse flux linear synchronous motor (PMTFLSM). The translator of this linear motor consists of cross-shaped core sets. Varying the parameters of air gap length, magnet dimensions, pole pitch and tooth width of the translator, the cogging force of the PMTFLSM will be analyzed. Taguchi's parameter method including 2D finite element analysis (FEM) is employed to minimize the cogging force. Analytical and simulation results indicate the usefulness of our approach in practice
Finite-Element Analysis of the Magnetic Field in a Magnetic Gear Mechanism
Authors: Wu Yi Chang , Jian Bo Syuan
Published: December 2013

This paper presents finite-element analysis (FEA) of the magnetic field of a magnetic gear mechanism. An external type magnetic gear mechanism, which consists of two identical magnetic gears with sector-shaped permanent magnets, is introduced first. Then, the magnetostatic field distribution and transmitted torque of the magnetic gear mechanism are simulated by a commercial FEA package Ansoft/ Maxwell. Next, the effects of design parameters, including the air-gap length, the number of magnetic pole pairs, and the height of permanent magnets, on the maximum transmitted torque are discussed. The results of this work are beneficial to the design of magnetic gear mechanisms.
Thermal Performances in Ribbed Rectangular Convergent and Divergent Channels
Authors: Lee M.S. , Jeong S.S. , Ahn Soo Whan
Published: December 2013

The rectangular convergent/divergent channels with one sided ribbed surface only have the inclination angles of 0.72oand1.43o at which the ribbed wall is manufactured with a fixed rib height ( e) =10 mm and the ratio of rib spacing (p) to height ( e) =10. The comparison shows that among the four channels (Dho/Dhi =0.67, 0.86, 1.16, and1.49) the divergent channel of Dho/Dhi =1.49 has the highest thermal performance at the identical mass flow rate, and the divergent channel of Dho/Dhii =1.16 has the highest at the identical pumping power and static pressure drop.
Direct Heating Billet within Die during Hot Forging Process
Authors: Cheng Fang Sung , Cheng Yu Shun
Published: December 2013

This paper reports a simple and effective method to increase heating efficiency and decrease heating time that renders direct heating billet within die using resistance heating system during hot forging process. The apparatus employs resistance equipment set into the forging die, and the billet was directly resistance heating by the forging die. Base on the approach, the die as a forming condition on direct heating and forging was also researched. The result of experiments shows that the billet could be heated quickly to 1000°C in about 5 seconds and the high strength material (AISI4140) was successfully formed to the shape of bolt head. With this mechanism, the rapidly heating and isothermal deformation during the hot forging process can be achieved.
Performance Improvement of a Hidden Ceiling Fan
Authors: Lin Sheam Chyun , Hsieh Ming Yuan , Chang Cheng Ju
Published: December 2013

A hidden ceiling-fan is the new design of embedding and hiding itself deeply into the ceiling floor. This design is different from conventional ceiling-fans or circulating fans that usually without an enclosing housing. The majority part of hidden ceiling-fan is embedded in the ceiling floor; hence the enclosing housing will be needed and be created to surround the axial-flow fan. The housing geometric is critical factor for hidden ceiling-fan because the air flow will pass though the horizontal plane of ceiling floor which the inlet and outlet are almost located at same plane. Consequently, the inappropriate design of enclosing housing will cause inhale-return phenomenon. It affects the induced flow performance of a hidden ceiling-fan. Few studies have investigated fan induced flow and its characteristics in a selected space. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical simulation and experimental investigation were used to predict and valid the flow pattern with different geometric housing and operating conditions. The results showed that the flow pattern has different features as it leaves the fan downward the floor. The unique inhale-return phenomenon probably happens when inappropriate enclosing housing was designed such as high ring-plate and outlet-inlet ratio. Furthermore, the blockage effect will happen if the blockage distance is to short. In conclusion, thissystematic design investigation on hidden ceiling-fan not only provides the fan engineer’s design ability to avoid the inhale-return phenomenon, but also the predicting capability on the air flow induced characteristics and performance.
Optimization of Circular Diamond Saw Blades with Annular Slots
Authors: Gau Wei Hsin , Chen Kun Nan , Hwang Yunn Lin
Published: December 2013

Circular diamond saws rotating in high speed are widely used to cut hard materials, and narrow slots on saw blades are sometimes used to reduce the blades vibration and noise. Sizing optimization of the annular slots on saw blades is investigated in this paper. First, an accurate finite element model representing an actual saw blade is obtained by model updating. Then, sizing optimization on two types of annular slots is performed to maximize the frequency separation between the finite element analysis results and the saw blades operational speed, and to reduce the possibility of structural resonance. Optimization results demonstrate great improvements in frequency separation from the rotating speed of 500 Hz for the optimized models.
Effects of Metal Hydride Absorption in Reactor with Annular Finned Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Yap Yong Soon , Peng Chi Hung , Wang Chi Chang
Published: December 2013

This study analyzed and discussed the hydrogen storage reaction in the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank with internally fined heat tube. As the heat transfer and hydrogen storage efficiency of internal temperature control system are better than external temperature control, this study created a hydrogen storage simulation method to discuss the effect of thermistor fins on hydrogen storage. The results showed that the fins have significant effect on increasing the hydrogen storage efficiency, and the hydrogen storage time decreases as the thermistor fluid velocity increases, but the drawback is not apparent when the fluid velocity reaches a threshold.
A Study on the Optimization Design of BOP Gantry Crane by ANSYS
Authors: Kim Hyun Ji , Jeong Chang Kweon , Jung Yong Gil , Huh Sunchul
Published: December 2013

BOP (Blow-out preventer)Gantry Crane is a crane which is used to move BOP stack saved in Drilling Platform to BOP trolley. However, such offshore plant equipment has not been developed in Korea but a lot of loyalty has to be paid to overseas companies. Thus, domestic production of it is necessary. In this research, ANSYS was used to apply into interpretation of rolling and pitching due to wave, wind load due to Drillship, and the crane's self-weight and structural interpretation was implemented. Moreover, Simulation X was used for control system design, and sub system was modeled and hydraulic system interpretation was implemented.
The Impact of Bicycle Suspension on Pedaling Forces
Authors: Liu Yung Sheng , Tsay Tswn Syau , Wang Tsai Chu , Liu Chi Fan
Published: December 2013

Front and/or rear suspensions of bicycles become popular for the purpose of riding comfort especially for mountain bicycle. Suspension system include damper for shock absorbing and spring for rebounding. Therefore suspension systems would increase bicycle riding effort since damper dissipates energy. ADAMS®/LifeMOD® are proposed in this research to establish a Bicycle-Human Integrated Multibody Dynamic Model to investigate the impact of bicycle suspensions on cyclists leg muscle forces under various pedaling conditions. Muscles compared include adductor magnus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and semitendinosus. Pedaling conditions include riding on flat road, over a road bump, and climbing slope. The results indicate that suspension system increases the pedaling forces of vastus lateralis and semitendinosus. However suspension system decreases the pedaling forces of adductor magnus and rectus femoris. The integrated model built in this research may be used as reference for designing bicycle suspension systems. In addition, the results of this study can be used as the basis of leg weight training for long-distance off-road cyclists to strengthen certain muscles.
The Dynamic Analysis and Simulation of Electric Scooter
Authors: Hwang Yunn Lin , Cheng Jung Kuang
Published: December 2013

The main objective of this paper is to provide the methods and techniques to improve the design and manufacturing ability of electric scooter. The loads of some structure parts and the steering mechanism of the electric scooter are analyzed with RecurDyn. The stress distribution of steering mechanism and transmission mechanism can be calculated and performed with finite element analysis software. By using the computational ability and simulation of modern computer softwares, the factor of material fatigue can be found. The results of this research can be used to improve the design of electric scooter in the future.
Using ADAMS Application on Mechanism Simulation of New Multiaxis Machines
Authors: Lee Yi Ming , Hsu Kuei Shu , Chang Shyue Bin
Published: December 2013

Aerospace industry or manufacturing industries might demand high class more-axis CNC machine tools for the high accuracy needs for machining. The multiaxis CNC machine development in simulation of the new model application seems to be necessary for the market. The main purpose of this paper is to study the mechanisms of new model multiaxis CNC machine tools and build process to develop the characteristics of machine tools. Through the computer simulation and graphic animation, users can observe their relationships of each movement on the new model multiaxis CNC machine tools. Using ADAMS to realize the motion commands and coordinate the kinematics is proposed. The prototype demonstrates the feasibility and kinematics analysis of new model five-axis CNC for real machine.
Transparent Conductive Oxide GZO Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Wang Cheng Chuan , Yen Chia Ying
Published: December 2013

In this work, GZO thin films were prepared by sol-gel process and spin coating technique. The XRD results showed the preferential c-axis orientation of the crystallites and the presence of the wurite phase of ZnO and it were suggested that the presence of Ga might be changed the d-spacing of ZnO to formation the Ga-doped zinc oxide. The effects of Ga amount on the conductivity and transparency were studied. The electrical resistivity for the GZO film doped 2 at% of Ga could be lowered to be 7.510-3Ω-cm with the calcination temperature was 550°C and hydrogen treatment was conducted in the Ar/H2 (97/3) atmosphere at 500°C. In addition, the optical transmittances of GZO thin films were higher than 90% in visible wavelength region.
Heat Transfer of a Double Layer Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Cheong Wong Kok , bin Ahmad Muezzin Fashli Nazhirin
Published: December 2013

A numerical study is conducted to predict the effects of physical parameters of a double layer microchannel heat sink on heat transfer. The physical parameters investigated are the channel height and channel width for different flow orientation at the upper and lower channels. For the range of Reynolds number investigated, results show that parallel flow configuration leads to better heat transfer performance than counter flow. Lower thermal resistance can be achieved in a double-layered microchannel heat sink with higher channel height and lower channel width.
A Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Octa-Band Operations of Smart Handsets
Authors: Li Simon C. , Tang I Tseng , Shih Yu Lieh , Cheng Hsu Yang , Chang Wen Fan
Published: December 2013

This paper applies planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) to design a smart handset antenna in accordance with octa-band operations, as GSM 850 (824-894 MHz), GSM 900 (880-960 MHz), GSM 1800/1900, DCS 1800 (1710-1880 MHz), PCS 1900 (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), IEEE 802.11b WLAN (2400-2484 MHz) and LTE (700 MHz/2300 MHz/2600 MHz) band operations for S11 -6 dB. The entire antenna is 75 × 22 × 5.8 mm3 with one-quarter wavelength design of hub. With the inter-coupling between dual branch circuit radiation and multiple branch circuit radiation, the wideband for GSM 1800/1900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, IEEE 802.11b WLAN and LTE 700/2300/2600 is generated. When integrating with mobiles, the designed ground plane area is also taken into consideration. In this case, the ground plane area can be increased in accordance to the system motherboard.
The Measurement of Anesthesia Depth Using Biomedical Signal during General Anesthesia
Authors: Choi Byeong Cheol , Ye Soo Young , Kim Sung Jae , Kim Sung Min
Published: December 2013

The measurement of anesthetic depth is necessary in anesthesiology. NN10 is very simple method among the RR intervals analysis methods. NN10 parameter means the numbers of above the 10 ms intervals of the normal to normal RR intervals. Bispectrum analysis is defined as 2D FFT. EEG signal reflected the non-linear peristalsis phenomena according to the change brain function. After analyzing the bispectrum of the 2 dimension, the most significant power spectrum density peaks appeared abundantly at the specific area in awakening and anesthesia state. These points are utilized to create the new index since many peaks appeared at the specific area in the frequency coordinate. The measured range of an index was 0-100. An index is 20-50 at an anesthesia, while the index is 90-60 at the awake.In this paper, the relation between NN10 parameter using ECG and bisepctrum index using EEG is observed to estimate the depth of anesthesia during anesthesia and then we estimated the utility of the anesthetic.
Different Frequency Bands of Electromagnetic Wave on Age-Related Developmental Changes
Authors: Ho Ming Chung , Huang Chin Fei , Chou Chia Yi , Lu Ming Chi , Hsieh Chen , Liu Chia Ju
Published: December 2013

Brain dynamics is an important issue in understanding child development. However, very little research of the event-related responses has been used to explore changes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate mature changes in spatiotemporal organization of brain dynamics. We hypothesized that oscillatory event-related brain activity were affected by age-related changes. The sample include three age groups, namely 7 years (N = 18), 11 years (N = 18), and adults (N = 18). The event-related spectral power (ERPSP), and inter-trial phase locking (ITPL) of the event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from the time-frequency analysis of the auditory oddball task. Results revealed that: (a) decreased theta power, but alpha power increased with age; (b) the values of ITPL in the theta and alpha bands increased with age. These suggest that ERPSP, and ITPL provide useful indicators of cognitive maturation processes in children aged 7 and 11 years.