bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Invectigation of the Behavior of Palladium Plate With Additional Caturated with Hydrogen at 150 °C
Authors: Lyubimenko E.N.
Published: January 2017

Recearched experimentally were impactc of the hydrogen initial content on the palladium plate form-changing upon one-cide additional caturation with hydrogen to the alloy compocition α-PdHn at 150 ºC. The experimentc chowed, that form-changing plate developc in two ctagec. At a firct ctage the plate quickly reachec the maximum bending. And at a cecond, cignificantly longer one, the plate ctraightenc almoct completely revercibly. It wac found that hydrogen contained initially in palladium impactc on the value of the maximum bending, on the time to achieve maximum bending, on the kineticc and magnitude of the recidual ctationary form-changing. The phycical nature of the ectabliched experimental lawc wac analyzed.
Effect of Al, Fe Addition on Thermodynamic Stability and Hydrogen Desorption KInetics from MgH2 Phase OF Mechanical Alloy
Authors: Еrshova О.G. , Koval A.Yu. , Solonin Yu.М. , Dobrovolsky V.D.
Published: January 2017

With the aim of lowering the temperature, improve the kinetics of the decomposition of stoichiometric hydride MgH2 was investigated the possibility of its complex doping Al, Fe using mechanochemical synthesis (RMS). The MA1 sample was derived by reactive milling  Mg + 10 wt% Al + 10 wt. % Fe powder mixture in the hydrogen atmosphere at pressure of 1.2 MPa in a reactor for 10 h. The formation (in conditions of mechanochemical synthesis) of hydride of solid solution of Al and Fe in magnesium Mg(Al,Fe)H2 was experimentally checked. Found that adding to magnesium Al & Fe leads to lower of thermodynamic stability and, consequently, to lower the temperature of the beginning of desorption of hydrogen to 250 0C at 0,1MPa H2 (compared to MgH2 without Al and Fe). After the first cycles of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation from gas phase MA, established by isobaric thermal desorption spectroscopy, the effect of lowering the temperature of the beginning desorbtion 315 0C (for non-alloy phase MgH2) to 250 0C was observed. Adding to magnesium aluminum with Fe significantly improves the kinetics of desorption of hydrogen from the hydride phase MgH2 mechanical alloy produced by RMS.
Low-Impedance Investigations of Hydrogenated GaSe Layered Crystals
Authors: Kaminskii V.M. , Netyaga V. V. , Kovalyuk Z. D. , Boledzyuk V. B. , Ivanov V. I. , Bratanich T. I.
Published: January 2017

The structure, electrical and dielectric properties of hydrogenated gallium selenide crystals were investigated. It was shown that AC-conduction mechanism along the crystallographic axis C in the 103–105 Hz have hopping character. The parameters of the band theory of hopping conduction were calculated. The frequency dependence of ε' and ε'' components of permittivity in HxGaSe were obtained.
Selective Etching of ZnхCd1-хTe Single Crystals
Authors: Okrepka G.M. , Tomashik V.М.
Published: January 2017

Selective etching is an express method to identify the defects of crystal structure of semiconductors. It reveals the dislocations density, type of conductivity, crystal’s orientation, inclusions/precipitates, twins. This article is the review of selective etching of ZnxCd1-xTe single crysrals. All informations has been generalized in the table. Qualitative and quantitative compositions of etchants and information about defect structure of ZnxCd1-xTe after etchant treatment have been represented in the table.
Analysis of Defect Subsystem ZnSe, Doped with Transition Metals (Co, Ni)
Authors: Nykyruy L.I. , Prokopiv V.V. , Levkun M.P. , Lysak A.V.
Published: January 2017

The crystal-quasichemical formulae of doping at the Crystals n-ZnSе:Cо(Ni) аnd p-ZnSе:Cо(Ni) are suggested. The dependence on point defects concentration, on free chargecarrier concentration and Hall concentration of the degree of nonstoichiometry (α, β) are calculated.
The Influence of Nature and Hardness of Surfaces of Metal Counterfaces on Wear of Carbo-Fiber Plastic
Authors: Sirenko H.O. , Soltys L.M. , Skladanyuk M.B.
Published: January 2017

Correlations between temperature of surface of friction, hardness of adjacent surfaces of steels, nonferrous metals and metal alloys and intensity of surround wear and coefficient of friction of polymer composite filled with unidirectional carbon fibers has been researched. It has been shown that between the investigated variables preferably exist nonlinear correlations.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МОРФОЛОГИИ СПОР РОДОВ ПОДСЕМЕЙСТВА CRYPTOGRAMMOIDEAE
Authors: Vaganov A. V.
Published: January 2017

Using the method of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), a comparative study of twelve representatives of subfamily Cryptogrammoideae S.Linds. family Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. was carried out. A comparative study of morphological characters of investigated spores has revealed characters that allow considering the relatedness of the studied species to one subfamily – Cryptogrammoideae. These characters include: spore form is roundish-triangular, lociniate in proximal-polar and distal-polar positions; spore contour is low-crenate to smooth; distal side of the spore in an equatorial position is convex; rays of laesura are straight, raised over a sporoderm surface; exosporium is clearly defined from fine-granulate to verrucate.
АГРОЕКОЛОГІЧНЕ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ СОРТІВ ЯРИХ ЗЕРНОВИХ КУЛЬТУР У ПІВНІЧНОМУ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Gyrka A. D. , Kulyk I. O. , Pedash O. O. , Viniukov O. O. , Ischenko V. A.
Published: January 2017

Here are presented the results of the analysis of available variety assortment and grain yields of different varieties of spring small cereals: barley, oat, wheat and triticale towards their agroecological genetic flexibility and grain productivity in changing hydrothermal conditions. We marked the varieties, which characterized by high genetic potential of grain yield in a wide range of variation of average air temperatures and conditions of water provision. In the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine in 2011-2015 the high crop yields (3.60-3.64 t/ha) formed varieties of spring barley: Galaktyk, Statok and Vsesvit. Among the oats varieties the best crop yields (3.34-3.46 t/ha) provided Iren and Spurt and it was specified as almost the best barley variety according to this indicator. The Spadschyna and Kharkivs’ka-39 varieites had the best crop yield among the spring wheat (1.74-1.81 t/ha). Spring triticale had the lowest grain yield among spring crops (1,07-1,21 t/ha) due to the low weight of 1000 grains and insufficient grain yield per ear.
THE PTEROPHORIDAE FAUNA (LEPIDOPTERA) OF PAVLODAR REGION
Authors: Ustjuzhanin P. , Titov S. , Kovtunovich V. , Akhmetov K.
Published: January 2017

In present study we review the Pterophoridae family of Pavlodar region (the Republic of Kazakhstan). We sampled 30 species of 13 genera; 29 of them are listed for the first time for Pavlodar region.
ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К СТЕБЛЕВОЙ РЖАВЧИНЕ У ИНТРОГРЕССИВНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ, ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ TRITICUM TIMOPHEEVII ZHUK.
Authors: Khlebova L. P. , Barysheva N. V.
Published: January 2017

Breeding for long-lasting resistance to pathogens in cultivated crops is possible only in the presence of various donors of immune genes. Distant hybridization is considered as the main way to solve strategic tasks in this direction. Tetraploid endemic wheat Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. has a complex immunity to harmful fungal diseases and can be a valuable source of useful genes to create immune wheat varieties. A genetic analysis of the factors determining the resistance to Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. et Henn. in three durum wheat introgressive lines derived from T. timopheevii has been carried out. The study of the genetic control of resistance to stem rust was performed by hybridological analysis in F1 – F3 hybrid generations derived from the crossing immune lines with an initial variety of durum wheat. Infectious background was created in the experimental field by inoculating plants at tillering stage with race 17. We discovered three genes have determined the resistance in both HT-10 and HT-12 lines: one dominant, one recessive and one dominant complementary to the first two genes. HT-7 line carries in its genome four genes: two dominants, one semi dominant providing the resistance at complementary interaction with another dominant gene. Independent inherited factors of resistance to stem rust in T. timopheevii are localized in different linkage groups, exhibiting homology with the durum wheat chromosomes. The possibility of the using new sources of resistance to protect wheat crops from plant pathogens was discussed.
ЕМКОСТЬ СРЕДЫ КАК ПРЕДПОСЫЛКА ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОСТОЯНИЕМ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ
Authors: Korzh A. P. , Akimov I. A. , Zahovalko T. V.
Published: January 2017

We study the possibility of using the carrying capacity for the state control of species populations important for human. The populations can have multiple states of equilibrium caused by the cumulative effects of the factors. Therefore, it is necessary to appreciate adequately the possible equilibrium states and the reasons for the transition between them. Management arrangements should be divided into two groups: «rise» (improvement of population status) and «decline» (its deterioration). Both groups effects on the organism at the same time. In the course of cognitive modeling it was revealed the existence of the natural restrictions of increasing of the Ring-necked pheasant population in the grounds: neither the hunting ban, nor conducted biotechnical measures do not allow to achieve the increasing of number. Ix the case of cessation of annual releases of this kind in the land, its number will come down to a minimum, and in some areas it will completely disappear. In the bounds of the biotic community of each ecosystem a certain additive summation of carrying capacities of environment of certain types takes place – an integrated capacity is formed. The attempts to increase the carrying capacity of the medium to separate the desired types to integrated capacity may promote degradation of all biological systems.
POLITZARIELLA FONTAINEI – NEW COSSIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) SPECIES FROM CONGO
Authors: Yakovlev R. V. , Witt T. J.
Published: January 2017

We give the first description of the species Politzariella fontainei Yakovlev & Witt, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from Congo, which is new for the science. The holotype habitus and male genital structure is illustrated; a detailed diagnosis is provided. The distribution area of the genus Politzariella Yakovlev, 2011 is mapped. The discovery of the new species Politzariella fontainei Yakovlev et Witt, sp. nov. has significantly enlarged our understanding of the distribution of this genus, which was previously considered an endemic of western Africa. Thus, the subfamily Politzariellinae Yakovlev, 2011 now includes four species of three genera, inhabiting the equatorial belt of Africa. We should also note that the distribution of Cossidae on the territory of Africa is still studied rather superficially, which is caused by a lack or absence of material from several countries.
РАЗРАБОТКА ВЫСОКОАКТИВНОГО ШТАММА-ПРОДУЦЕНТА ВИРДЖИНИАМИЦИНА И ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЕГО ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ АБСОРБИРУЮЩИХ СМОЛ
Authors: Savushkin V. A. , Dzhavakhiya V. V. , Glagoleva E. V. , Savel'eva V. V. , Popova E. D. , Ovchinnikov A. I. , Glagolev V. I. , Novak N. V. , Durnikin D. A.
Published: January 2017

Virginiamycin, an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species, is widely used in veterinary and bioethanol production. It represents a natural mix of two different macrocyclic components, among which M1 and S1 factors are the main acting components. M1 and S1 act synergistically when present in the optimum ratio of 60-75% of M1 and 25-40% of S1. Due to a large number of genes involved into the virginiamycin biosynthesis, the development of overproducing strains able to synthesize M1 and S1 at a synergistic ratio with the total productivity exceeding 3-4 g/L still remains a relevant problem. Using a multi-step random UV mutagenesis of the Streptomyces sp. strain DSM40559, a highly active strain S 15-30 was obtained, which virginiamycin titer on a basic medium significantly increased that of the parental strain (2.6 and 0.35 g/L, respectively), and the M1:S1 ratio remained synergistic (72:28). Various sources of carbon, nitrogen, and macroelements were evaluated for medium improvement, and several different types of synthetic macroporous resins were tested to provide the highest virginiamycin titer in culture broth of the developed strain. The resulting improved fermentation medium supplemented with 20 g/L of Amberlite XAD-16 resin increased strain productivity up to 5.03 ± 0.12 g/L with the simultaneous maintenance of the M1:S1 ratio within the synergistic range (72:28) and highly selective level of adsorption of the antibiotic from culture broth (92-95%). The variability of the M1:S1 ratio in the total antibiotic titer depending on various medium composition and resin type was first demonstrated. The obtained strain is promising for the industrial use due to its high productivity and the optimal M1:S1 ratio. Results of the study will be used for the further selection of overproducing strains and the scaling up of the virginiamycin production. The obtained data can be interesting for other researchers working in the field of production of macrolide antibiotics.
РАЗРАБОТКА СУХОГО БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОГО ПРЕПАРАТА ДЛЯ СИЛОСОВАНИЯ С ОПТИМАЛЬНЫМ СООТНОШЕНИЕМ МОЛОЧНОКИСЛЫХ И ПРОПИОНОВОКИСЛЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Kartashov M. A. , Voinova T. M. , Sergeeva A. V. , Statsyuk N. V. , Rogovsky S. V. , Grebeneva Ya. O. , Durnikin D. A.
Published: January 2017

Silage represents the main forage for agricultural animals during a winter period and requires the use of preservatives providing the maintenance of its quality. The use of microbial biopreservatives improves the silage consumption and productivity of animals. Multicomponent biopreservatives containing lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria are able to significantly improve organoleptic qualities and preservation of silage, especially its aerobic staility. In this study, the technology of production of liophylized bacterial preparations of earlier developed Lactobacillus plantarum VKPM B-4173, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis VKPM В-2092, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici VKPM В-5723 strains, characterized by valuable traits, has been developed. The optimum modes of the culture broth concentration and freeze-drying have been developed, which provide the minimization of biomass losses and obtaining of dry preparations containing at least 1 · 1011 CFU/mL of viable cells. The optimum flow rate for the streaming centrifuging was 130 L/h, and the optimum temperature and duration of a preliminary freezing before the freexe-drying were 8 h at –35-40°С or 12-14 h at –25°С. The analysis of the effect of different proportions of the used strains in the final preparation on some qualitative characteristics of silage made it possible to determine the optimal proportion of L. plantarum VKPM B-4173, L. lactis VKPM В-2092, and P. acidipropionici VKPM В-5723 strains equal to 2 : 2 : 1, respectively. The use of such biopreservative provides the maintenance of the maximum protein content (94% of the initial level) and the maximum concent of total organic acids (2.9%) in the corn silage at the 60th day of storage. In this case, the content of lactic and acetic acids was equal to 69.4 and 31.1% of the total organic acid content, respectively. In addition, this proportion provided the minimum ammonium content in the silage (125±5 ppm or 61.6% of the control). Based on the obtained results, authors recommend to use the developed biopreservative for the improvement of the silage quality.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАЗМЕРА ГЕНОМА ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА POTENTILLA L. (ROSACEAE JUSS.)
Authors: Kechaykin A. A. , Skaptsov M. V. , Smirnov S. V. , Kutsev M. G. , Shmakov A. I.
Published: January 2017

In our study, 15 representatives of the genus Potentilla L. were analyzed to obtain the relative DNA content and monoploid genome size in the seeds by flow cytometry method. For these Potentilla species, except P. argentea and P. norvegica, DNA content and genome size are revealed for the first time. As a result, the following data were obtaining: representatives of the older section Desertae are diploids with the large monoploid genome size. The genome of P. asiatica (Chrysanthae section) are decrease up to 0.35 pg, while the ploidy is increased to 4. Representatives of the Multifidae and Supinae section are presented with tetra- and hexaploid species with the 0.3 pg of the monoploid genome size. In section Tanacetifoliae are observed a further decrease of the genome size, representatives basically tetraploids. Thus, in the genome size evolution of a Potentilla genera are observed the increase of ploidy with significant reductions in monoploid genome size. This fact proves the general theory of genome evolution of angiosperms, directed towards its reduction. Linear regression analysis was showed a positive correlation between chromosome number and genome size of the representatives of the Potentilla genera. This suggests that between genome size and the number of chromosomes in Potentilla species are linear dependence. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed this result: the correlation coefficient is 0.97 at P<0.05. 
Investigating the Role of Augmented Reality Technology in the Language Classroom / Istraživanje uloge tehnologije proširene stvarnosti u nastavi jezika
Authors: Solak Ekrem , Cakır Recep
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to inform about some of the current applications and literature on Augmented Reality (AR) technology in education and to present experimental data about the effectiveness of AR application in a language classroom at the elementary level in Turkey. The research design of the study was quasi-experimental. Sixty-one 5th grade students from a state elementary school participated in this research on a volunteer basis. The participants were divided into the experimental and control group, where new vocabulary items were introduced to the experimental group through augmented reality technology. A post-test and a retention test were administered upon the implementation of the program. The results of the study revealed that participants from the experimental group achieved higher scores than participants in the control group and they also performed better in recalling the learnt information. This study suggested that the use of AR technology in a language classroom at the elementary level increased learners’ performances and made vocabulary learning more effective in comparison with the traditional methods. Key words: augmented reality; AR technology in language learning; educational technology; technology and language learning.---SažetakSvrha ovoga istraživanja bila je predočiti neke od aktualnih primjena tehnologije proširene stvarnosti (dalje u tekstu AR tehnologije) i literature vezane uz AR tehnologiju u obrazovanju. Nadalje, cilj je bio prikazati eksperimentalne podatke o učinkovitosti primjene AR tehnologije u nastavi jezika na razini osnovne škole u Turskoj. Istraživanje je polueksperimentalne prirode. Uzorak se sastojao od 61 učenika petoga razreda osnovne škole koji su dobrovoljno sudjelovali u istraživanju. Učenici su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine: eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu. U eksperimentalnoj skupini učenici su se susreli s novim vokabularom koristeći se AR tehnologijom. Posttest i test pamćenja provedeni su nakon završetka programa. Rezultati istraživanja otkrili su da su učenici u eksperimentalnoj skupini ostvarili bolje rezultate od učenika u kontrolnoj skupini te su također bili bolji u prisjećanju naučenoga. Ovim istraživanjem pokazalo se da upotreba AR tehnologije u nastavi jezika na razini osnovne škole povećava postignuća učenika te je učenje vokabulara učinkovitije u odnosu na tradicionalne metode poučavanja. Ključne riječi: proširena stvarnost; AR tehnologija u nastavi jezika; obrazovna tehnologija; tehnologija u učenju jezika.
Associations between Morphological Characteristics, Motor Abilities and Preparedness for School in Preschool Girls/Povezanosti morfoloških karakteristika, motoričkih sposobnosti i spremnosti za školu kod djevojčica predškolske dobi
Authors: Horvat Vatroslav , Sindik Joško
Published: January 2017

AbstractLinks between morphological characteristics (MC), motor abilities (MA) and psychological preparedness (PP) for school of preschool girls could help improve the quality of educational work for their teachers. The main goal of the study was to determine the correlation between three sets of data: MA, MC and PP. The randomized sample of preschool girls (N=127), aged 6-7, was examined. Fourteen MCs were measured. To measure MAs of the participants, 18 composite motor tests were adjusted for preschool children, three for each motor dimension: coordination, flexibility, strength, agility, accuracy and balance. Test for School Preparedness (TSS) with five subtests was used in estimating PP. The correlations between MC, MA and PP of preschool girls were determined by the use of both univariate and canonical correlations. The results revealed that all canonical correlations were statistically significant: between MC and MA, MA and PP, as well as MC and PP. However, in spite of its significance, canonical correlation was lowest between MC and PP. One of the hypotheses in explaining this relationship could be the speed of maturity, which is different for preschool girls and boys.  Key words: anthropometry; correlation; development; growth; preschool children; psychological tests. --- SažetakPovezanost morfoloških karakteristika (MC), motoričkih sposobnosti (MA) i psihološke pripremljenosti (PP) za školu kod djevojčica predškolske dobi može pomoći u poboljšanju kvalitete odgojno-obrazovnog rada njihovih odgojitelja. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između tri skupine podataka: MA, MC i PP. Ispitan je slučajni uzorak djevojčica predškolske dobi (N=127), u dobi od 6 do 7 godina. Mjereno je 14 MC. Za mjerenje MA sudionica 18 je kompozitnih motoričkih testova prilagođeno za djecu predškolske dobi, po tri za svaku motoričku dimenziju: koordinacija, fleksibilnost, snaga, agilnost, preciznost i ravnoteža. Test pripremljenosti za školu (TSS) s pet subtestova koristio se u procjeni PP. Korelacije između MC, MA i PP kod djevojčica predškolske dobi određene su i s pomoću univarijatnih i s pomoću kanoničkih korelacija. Rezultati su pokazali da su sve kanoničke korelacije statistički značajne: između MC i MA, MA i PP, kao i MC i PP. Međutim, unatoč svojoj statističkoj značajnosti, kanoničke su korelacije najniže između MC i PP. Jedna od hipoteza u objašnjavanju tog odnosa može biti brzina sazrijevanja, koja je različita kod predškolskih djevojčica i dječaka.Ključne riječi: antropometrija, korelacija, razvoj, rast, predškolska djeca, psihološki testovi
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS IMMUNOGEN CREATION ON THE BASE OF CHIMERIC RECOMBINANT PROTEIN L2E7
Authors: Malakhov I. S. , Al-Shehadat R. I. , Duckhovlinov I. V. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: January 2017

The cervical cancer is one of the most common diseases in world. This malignancy is the seventh highest prevalence oncological disease worldwide and the second highest prevalence oncological disease of women in the world. Meanwhile women need to be infected by human papilloma virus (HPV) is absolutely necessary for it further evolution, HPV DNA was found in 99.97% cases of disease. Except cervical cancer, HPV cause 85% of rectal cancer, 50% of the vulva, vagina and penis cancers, 20% of oropharyngeal cancer and 10% of larynx and esophagus cancers. In 2009, 14 000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer in Russia. The growth in morbidity was 19% (in comparison with 1999). The most effective recognised measure for almost each infection prophylaxis is a vaccination. Two human papilloma virus vaccines are available in Russia nowadays Gardasil and Cervarix, produced in Belgium and the Netherlands respectively. Cervarix is a bivalent vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLP) of two types. Recombinant major capsid proteins L1 HPV 16 and HPV 18 express in baculovirus expression system and self-assembled into virus-like particles (about 70 percent of cervical cancers are caused by HPV 16 and HPV 18). VLP of each strain produced in different baculovirus vectors and then combined in single drug. Gardasil is like Cervarix with few exceptions. Producing organisms are fungi S. cerevisiae in this case, and this vaccine contains low-risk HPV 6 and HPV 11 VLP. Thus, Gardasil is quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine. These vaccines are very effective in averting infection of disease and dont have significant side-effects, however they have some disadvantages. Firstly, they have a high price because of necessity of their expression in eukaryotic cells. Secondly, they are strain-specific, so vaccines are completely effective only for viruss strains which are represented in the vaccine. Thirdly, it`s the absence of therapeutic (treatment of established infection) value of stated vaccines. According to information from literature, N-terminus of the L2 protein can induce non strain-specific neutralizing antibody that protects organism from papillomavirus challenge. E7 protein is a virus oncogene, its function is unlimited proliferation of infected cells that cause malignization in chronic course of disease. This protein is a very attractive target for therapeutic vaccines because of its necessity both for virus life cycle and sustenance of malignant phenotype in cancer cells. So, in this research the design of immunogen on the base of proteins HPV L2 and E7 is selected, vaccine on the base of which will avoid the disadvantages of Gardasil and Cervarix listed above. The stain-producer of protein on the base of cells E. coli was created. The protein was purified in denaturing reducing conditions by metal-affine chromatography and refold by sequential remove of urea and 2-mercaptoethanol.
GENETIC VARIANTS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PRIMARY DONORS IN ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Ostankova Yu. V. , Semenov A. V. , Burkitbayev Z. K. , Savchuk T. N. , Totolian A. A.
Published: January 2017

The prevalence of one of the hepatotropic virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a serious global health problem. Since hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with blood or other fluids of an infected person, blood safety is one of the major public health issues in regions with high virus prevalence. Observed in recent years the trend to a shift in the prevalence of various genotypes of HBV in different geographical areas due to immigration from regions of the world with a high incidence of hepatotropic viruses, makes doctors and epidemiologists to pay close attention to the epidemiological situation in neighboring countries. The aim of our work was to study the characteristics of the genetic structure of the HBV in primary donors in Astana, Kazakhstan. A total of 30 blood plasma samples from newly diagnosed hepatitis B (HBsAg+) of Astana. HBV DNA was detected in 27 samples out of 30. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed that among patients examined HBV identified mainly D genotype, which is the most common genotype of HBV in Central Asia. Thus HBV subtype predominant D1 (85,2%) compared to the HBV subtype D2 (3,7%) and subtype D3 (7,4%), in a single sample was detected HBV genotypes A subtype A1. High similarities identified isolates previously described in Iran, Sudan, Mongolia, Tunisia suggest numerous independent, perhaps mutual, the importation of the virus in the country, including in the major migration waves. First detected at the territory of Kazakhstan HBV subtype A1, uncharacteristic for the region, as well as subtypes D2 and D3, which have a high similarity with the nucleotide sequences of HBV in Russia, show cases of importation of the virus from other countries. Identification of the propagation and the role of imported genotypes of HBV virus in circulation may be essential for regions where the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses is high, and the genome structure and the way of their distribution sufficiently studied.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR PATHOGEN ISOLATION OF PURULENT BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
Authors: Podkopaev Ya. V. , Domotenko L. V. , Kruglov A. N. , Ryabchenko I. V. , Detushev K. V. , Morozova T. P. , Shepelin A. P.
Published: January 2017

The State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology has designed two nutrient media chocolate agar and PBM-agar to isolate pathogens of purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM). In our previous research using collected microbial strains the media were shown to be highly susceptible and to provide the growth of Neisseria meningiti-dis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae strains, when inoculated with microbial suspensions containing single cells. When isolating Haemophilus influenzae, meningococci, and pneumococci the use of selective additives in both media assures selective isolation of required microorganisms, inhibiting contaminants. The objective of this research was to assess the media in bacteriological tests of clinical samples collected from the upper and lower respiratory tract in humans. The bacteriological plating of throat smear specimens (n = 90) from children and adults at the age of 0 to 66 with disorder of the upper respiratory tract on chocolate agar, PBM-agar and on a control medium in the absence of selective additives resulted in the equal amount of microbial cultures isolated. Of 154 isolated cultures 2, 23 and 9 were attributed to Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, respectively. The plating of throat smears (n = 10) from healthy people at the age of 30 to 55 on the analyzable and control media in the presence of additives allowed us to selectively isolate Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae cultures without a quantitative loss, with contaminants inhibited. By their growth characteristics chocolate agar and PBM-agar were highly competitive with reference media being used in clinical practice for isolating main causative agents of purulent bacterial meningitis.
RAPID URINE SCREENING FOR BACTERIURIA IN CHILDREN USING MICROBIOLOGY ANALYZER, COMBINING PHOTOMETRIC AND COHERENT FLUCTUATION NEPHELOMETRIC METHODS
Authors: Gur’ev A. S. , Kuznetsova O. Yu. , Pyasetskaya M. F. , Smirnova I. A. , Belyaeva N. A. , Verbov V. N. , Volkov A. Yu.
Published: January 2017

One of the most widespread microbiological analyses in clinical practice is urine culture, and up to 80% of urine samples turn out to be negative. In this study we demonstrate applicability of coherent fluctuating nephelometry (CFN) method for rapid urine screening and negative samples identification for the purpose of reducing the workload of microbiological laboratory. 205 urine samples were tested by conventional culture method (CCM) and using CFN-analyzer. The agreement between CCM and CFN was 87.8%. Compared to CCM, CFN demonstrated sensitivity 94.5%, specificity 85.3%, negative predictive value 97.7%, positive predictive value 70.3%. In this study CFN-analyzer allowed to identify 85.3% of negative urine samples (63.9% of all tested samples) within 4 hours, and 94.5% of positive samples were retained for later CCM. Moreover none of samples with count 104 CFU/ml was omitted.
Briefing: ICE recognises the role of civil engineers in adapting to climate change
Authors: Kermode Tim
Published: January 2017

Climate change is the biggest threat to the planet at present, and the consequent change in infrastructure requirements will require everyone, in particular civil engineers, to respond in the way they design, construct and maintain infrastructure. This paper sets out the Institution of Civil Engineers’ response to the challenge by setting up a task force to provide input to all its members so that they are better equipped to deal with the challenge. The aim of the task force is to provide material by the end of 2017 that will help all members and to influence the wider public.
Briefing: BS 8006-1: a major amendment for 2016
Authors: Wilkins Tracey , Worrall Kim , Smith Rod
Published: January 2017

The use of reinforcement in soils has become an accepted technique for the construction of retaining walls, steep slopes and basal strengthening. BS 8006-1:2010+A1:2016, published last summer, provides recommendations and guidance for the application of reinforcement techniques to soils, as fill or in situ, and to other fills. Here the author explores what the update means for design and construction organisations.
Niñez y migración: concepciones sobre los derechos sociales en la escuela
Authors: Martinez Laura Victoria
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo se propone aportar al estudio de los derechos sociales de los niños y niñas migrantes e hijos de migrantes en la escuela, desde una perspectiva antropológica que se interrogue sobre el punto de vista normativo. Para ello se presentan resultados de una etnografía escolar en una institución pública primaria de la zona sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, y se analizan las concepciones de los docentes en torno a la inclusión de estos niños/as en la escuela pública. Atendiendo en particular al protagonismo de las necesidades y merecimientos de la niñez en un contexto en el que se expresan cuestionamientos al usufructo de otros derechos sociales a los que las familias acceden con los certificados de escolaridad, se aborda la disociación entre las necesidades de los niños y las de sus familias. Las reflexiones teóricas sugieren tensiones entre la jerarquización de los derechos sociales de la niñez y las clasificaciones morales, que tienden a despolitizar las necesidades de los colectivos migrantes.
Reivindicaciones del derecho a una educación propia: la figura del educador comunitario
Authors: Kreisel Maike
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo aborda algunos hallazgos de un estudio etnográfico realizado en el modelo educativo alternativo de las Secundarias Comunitarias Indígenas en el contexto comunitario del estado de Oaxaca, México. Se centra en la relevancia de la figura docente para mediar la práctica y los procesos de apropiación de una propuesta que aboga por la reivindicación del derecho de las comunidades originarias a la construcción de sus propios sistemas educativos. El modelo cuestiona las formas clásicas de la educación escolarizada, además de los procesos históricos de asimilación, aculturación y exclusión de los pueblos indígenas a través de las políticas educativas del Estado-nación.

A través de proyectos de investigación, el modelo busca partir de los conocimientos comunitarios y de la participación de los actores locales para reivindicar las epistemes indígenas y generar procesos educativos situados y pertinentes, en los que se fomenta el diálogo con los saberes de las ciencias y con otros espacios culturales. Los educadores comunitarios se convierten en intermediarios y promotores de una educación diferencial que implica replantear su propia identidad étnica, profesional y sus saberes pedagógicos, y los lleva a posicionarse como actores etnopolíticos en defensa del derecho a una educación propia de los pueblos originarios.
Paradigmas socio-educativos. Una síntesis referencial para un modelo educativo basado en la teoría de la complejidad
Authors: Padilla Yolimar , Acosta Jorge , Perozo Diana
Published: January 2017

El objetivo es analizar los paradigmas socio-educativos que tradicionalmente han impactado la educación, a los fines de sistematizar esta información como base teórica y epistemológica para futuras investigaciones en el área. El proceso metodológico implicó tres pasos: 1. Investigación documental, 2. Lectura crítica de las corrientes principales. 3. Sistematización del recorrido histórico por décadas de las teorías socio-educativas. Se finaliza incluyendo elementos definitorios de la episteme de la complejidad como un aporte a ese recuento histórico, concluyéndose que esta noción da sustento a la educación venezolana hoy y a la forja del nuevo ser humano del siglo XXI.
La educación superior ante los desafíos sociales
Authors: Cuevas Jiménez Adrián
Published: January 2017

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es explicitar las metas generales y algunas estrategias de formación de los estudiantes de educación superior, para afrontar los grandes desafíos que enfrenta hoy la sociedad. Para definir dichas metas y estrategias se consideran cuatro niveles de desafío: a) desafíos físicos, estructurales y político-ideológicos; b) desafíos en torno a los avances científico-técnicos y del conocimiento; c) desafíos de la estructura interna del proceso formativo y del acceso a la educación superior, y d) desafíos en la formación de valores en los estudiantes.
Campaña de comunicación para la elección de una carrera técnica de pregrado en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
Authors: Vallejo Adriana Priscila
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto poner a disposición de la comunidad científica, una campaña de comunicación diseñada en base a los factores que intervienen en la elección de una carrera técnica de pregrado en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Cuenca. Dado el impulso que actualmente brinda el gobierno ecuatoriano a los Institutos técnicos y tecnológicos del país, es preciso tomar medidas que incentiven la preparación académica de los estudiantes optando no únicamante por una formación técnica sino por una ingeniería lo que asegura profesionales que garanticen los derechos estipulados en la Constitución Política del Ecuador y ayuden a dinamizar la economía con innovación, investigación y emprendimiento.
La investigación es de tipo cualitativo, se apoya en grupos focales y entrevistas semi-estructuradas; su base conceptual está definida por los enfoques de marketing de servicios y relaciones públicas, lo que supone que los factores antes mencionados constituyen el principal elemento para el desarrollo de una propuesta de comunicación creativa que aporte mayor valor a la oferta de la Institución.
La formación y el ejercicio de la docencia universitaria en Ecuador. Desafíos
Authors: Fabara Garzón Eduardo Emilio
Published: January 2017

Este estudio se refiere a la necesidad que tiene el sistema de educación superior de  formar los docentes universitarios; se inicia con el análisis del proceso de Bolonia; se describen las últimas disposiciones relativas al funcionamiento de los centros de educación superior; se estudian las ofertas que existen actualmente en el país en la formación de los docentes universitarios y los aspectos que se deberían tomar en cuenta en un futuro proceso de formación.

Se toman en cuenta las experiencias de Colombia en la formación de estos docentes.

También se analizan las funciones, atribuciones y responsabilidades que tienen los profesores en los aspectos relacionados con la docencia, la investigación y la gestión de los centros educativos. Se hace una revisión de cada una de las funciones que señala el reglamento respectivo para lograr una educación de calidad.

Se obtienen algunas conclusiones, algunas de ellas relacionadas con los cambios que se han producido en los últimos años en el desarrollo de las universidades del país.
CONOCIMIENTO OCCIDENTAL Y SABERES INDÍGENAS EN LA EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Martinez Novo Carmen
Published: January 2017

Este artículo analiza la relación entre los conocimientos indígenas y los occidentales en el sistema de educación intercultural bilingüe (EIB) en el Ecuador. El texto muestra que la tensión entre ambos tipos de saberes refleja diferencias en la forma en la que entienden el papel de la educación formal las bases y los líderes del movimiento indígena. El artículo también argumenta que los aliados de los movimientos indígenas (los grupos religiosos, los académicos, las ONG y otros) y las comunidades tienen distintos objetivos educativos. Mientras que los aliados y los líderes ven la EIB como un espacio para preservar la lengua y la cultura indígenas, los padres de familia y los estudiantes aspiran a que el sistema educativo formal les de acceso a conocimientos occidentales como la lecto-escritura en castellano, el inglés y la computación. Sin embargo, las comunidades no desprecian los saberes indígenas basados en la narrativa oral y la sabiduría de los ancianos, sino que no consideran que el espacio para la reproducción de estos saberes sea la educación formal. Estos conocimientos tienden a reproducirse fuera de las instituciones educativas en los ámbitos de la familia y la comunidad. Los datos de este estudio se recogieron de forma colaborativa por la autora y un grupo de investigadores indígenas. Debido a esto, el texto aporta puntos de vista internos y críticos que complementan los de otros estudios.
Estado, educación y pueblos indígenas en los Andes ecuatorianos
Authors: Granda Merchán Sebastián
Published: January 2017

El artículo recupera parte de los resultados de la investigación desarrollada por el autor en el marco de su tesis de doctorado. El artículo analiza el impacto que el proceso de institucionalización de la educación intercultural bilingüe en el Ecuador tuvo en las iniciativas de educación indígena de carácter comunitario. El trabajo de investigación se fundamentó en los aportes de la Pedagogía Crítica y de la Antropología Latinoamericana: de la primera tomó el concepto de educación como práctica cultural y política, mientras que de la segunda recuperó la perspectiva analítica de la teoría de control cultural. En términos metodológicos, la investigación optó por realizar un estudio caso de una experiencia de educación indígena emblemática del país: el Sistema de Escuelas Indígenas de Cotopaxi (SEIC), y para la recolección de información se trabajó a partir de la historia oral y el análisis documental. La hipótesis que se busca argumentar en el texto que sigue es que el proceso de institucionalización de la educación indígena terminó minando el carácter comunitario del SEIC y estandarizando su propuesta formativa.
WIMAX móvil
Authors: Bravo Torres Jack
Published: January 2017

WiMAX móvil muestra una serie de características que lo hacen ideal para el despliegue en zonas rurales y en países en vías de desarrollo. En este trabajo se presentan las principales características de IEEE 802.16, se analiza el avance en tecnologías de antenas, diseño de Cross Layer, manejo de interferencia, scheduling y las aplicaciones para WiMAX Móvil.
Plasma: una tecnología de gran potencial para la industria y la ciencia
Authors: Tsai García , Montero Juan , Calle Wilson , Quinde Marlon , Sarmiento Paula
Published: January 2017

El plasma de baja presión es una tecnología usada en diversas ramas de la industria moderna. La industria microelectrónica, automotriz y aeroespacial la utilizan para limpieza y tratamiento de superficies, en la industria médica se la usa para obtener biocompatibilidad en diferentes tipos de materiales. Esto se debe, en gran medida, al hecho de que el plasma es capaz de conferir propiedades únicas a la superficie de diferentes materiales (metales, polímeros, elastómeros, cerámicos, etcétera) sin afectar sus propiedades de masa. Esta tecnología se considera ecológicamente amigable por su baja generación de residuos y por el bajo consumo energético. Las modificaciones de superficie que pueden ser realizadas usando plasma incluyen procesos diversos como: limpieza, deposición de películas finas, funcionalización y gravado en la superficie. Dichos procesos pueden efectuarse en un mismo equipo y pueden ser controlados en tiempo real. En este contexto y considerando estos elementos el presente artículo está dirigido a presentar algunos conceptos relacionados con la tecnología del plasma y describir el proceso de modificación de superficie con plasma.
Desarrollo de un programa para flujo de potencia para redes de distribución ligeramente malladas y generación distribuida
Authors: Sandoval Zuñiga Nestor Olivo
Published: January 2017

En el presente trabajo se indica el proceso de desarrollo e implementación del programa de flujo de potencia para la empresa Eléctrica de Guayaquil. Se menciona los métodos que se utilizaron pudiendo notar la importancia que se presta en su elección basándose en la versatilidad, velocidad y robustez. Gracias a la elección de estos algoritmos fue posible obtener, tanto la eficacia del método de barrido para redes radiales como la versatilidad de simular redes desbalanceadas malladas y con generación distribuida.
Centros de investigación en la Universidad Politécnica Saliesiana
Authors: Politécnica Salesiana Universidad
Published: January 2017

La Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador con sus 16 años de vida institucional se encuentra trabajando en el proceso de innovación curricular, para ello realiza un arduo trabajo para la consecución de la Institucionalización y Consolidación de la Investigación. En el POA 2010 ha contemplado la priorización de objetivos específicos con un proceso de investigación fuertemente vinculado con la realidad social del entorno; la formación de su colectivo docente en su acreditación como docentes investigadores y, su involucramiento en procesos de investigación, docencia y vinculación.
A hetero-regulação dos meios de comunicação social
Authors: Silva Augusto Santos
Published: January 2017

A Constituição da República Portuguesa menciona explicitamente a existência de um organismo regulador da comunicação social exterior à mesma. De facto, os princípios da regulação baseiam-se, não só na garantia da liberdade de imprensa, mas também, e talvez com maior relevância, num conjunto de direitos positivos, como o direito de se ser informado pelos media, entre outros. De acordo com a Constituição, deverá haver uma regulação externa, atendendo especialmente às questões da diversidade e pluralidade. Este artigo pretende ser um olhar para o modelo da nova entidade reguladora, as suas novas funções e tarefas, enquadrado pelos princípios constitucionais.
Bloqueios e desafios da regulação do audiovisual em Portugal
Authors: Cádima Francisco Rui
Published: January 2017

Neste texto pretende-se provocar uma reflexão sobre o passado recente da legislação e da regulação do audiovisual em Portugal, no sentido de se procurar aprofundar as razões – e eventuais soluções – de uma crise mais geral, mas muito particular em matéria de ética e diversidade dos conteúdos, que é essencialmente uma demissão face ao interesse público e à identidade cultural e nacional portuguesa, crise que se tem agravado nas TV generalistas nestes últimos anos, com evidentes efeitos negativos para a cidadania e para a construção de uma opinião pública esclarecida.
Dos excessos da TV generalista: Retratos da informação semanal emitida em horário nobre
Authors: Lopes Felisbela
Published: January 2017

Apesar de a esfera pública da nossa sociedade ter sofrido várias metamorfoses, de modo a incorporar novas realidades, a programação jornalística não soube acompanhar estas evoluções. Este artigo pretende analisar a programação informativa dos vários canais generalistas, emitida em horário nobre, e a sua evolução desde 1993 até 2005. Debater-se-ão algumas das tendências em termos de oferta televisiva, como a clonagem de formatos televisivos, a oferta monotemática, a submissão dos programas informativos a uma lógica comercial de luta pelas audiências. Perante este panorama, qual o futuro do jornalismo televisivo? E onde fica, perante uma lógica mercantilista, o interesse comum?
O imperativo da regulação participada
Authors: Maia Alfredo
Published: January 2017

Apesar de os jornalistas portugueses, tal como os jornalistas de todo o mundo, se sentirem muito orgulhosos por assumir a sua auto-regulação voluntária como essencial para a responsabilidade social da sua profissão, esta auto-regulação é muito escassa e, em alguns casos, totalmente irrelevante. Em termos de regulação, a recém-criada ERC tem um problema de génese. A lei que criou a ERC não foi tão debatida como seria necessário, tal como sugerido pelo Sindicato de Jornalistas. Assim sendo, esta lei excluiu os profissionais regulados e a sociedade civil, criando, ao mesmo tempo, uma atmosfera de cepticismo e suspeição à volta dos membros da ERC.