bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern Augmented Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Tadesse Yonatan Embiza , Choi Young-June
Published: January 2024

As the world increasingly becomes more interconnected, the demand for safety and security is ever-increasing, particularly for industrial networks. This has prompted numerous researchers to investigate different methodologies and techniques suitable for intrusion detection systems (IDS) requirements. Over the years, many studies have proposed various solutions in this regard including signature-based and machine-learning (ML) based systems. More recently, researchers are considering deep learning (DL) based anomaly detection approaches. Most proposed works in this research field aimed to achieve either one or a combination of high accuracy, considerably low false alarm rates (FARs), high classification specificity and detection sensitivity, achieving lightweight DL models, or other ML and DL-related performance measurement metrics. In this study, we propose a novel method to convert a raw dataset to an image dataset to magnify patterns. Based on this we devise an anomaly detection for IDS using a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) that classifies denial of service and distributed denial of service. The proposed methods were evaluated using a modern dataset, CSE-CIC-IDS2018, and a legacy dataset, NSL-KDD. We have also applied a combined dataset to assess the generalization of the proposed model across various datasets. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed methods achieved high accuracy and considerably low FARs with high specificity and sensitivity. The resulting loss and accuracy curves have also demonstrated the excellent generalization of the proposed lightweight CNN model, effectively avoiding overfitting. This holds for both the modern and legacy datasets, including their mixed version.
Crack Detection of Concrete Based on Improved CenterNet Model
Authors: Kang Huaiqiang , Zhou Fengjun , Gao Shen , Xu Qizhi
Published: January 2024

Cracks on concrete surfaces are vital factors affecting construction safety. Accurate and efficient crack detection can prevent safety accidents. Using drones to photograph cracks on a concrete surface and detect them through computer vision technology has the advantages of accurate target recognition, simple practical operation, and low cost. To solve this problem, an improved CenterNet concrete crack-detection model is proposed. First, a channel-space attention mechanism is added to the original model to enhance the ability of the convolution neural network to pay attention to the image. Second, a feature selection module is introduced to scale the feature map in the downsampling stage to a uniform size and combine it in the channel dimension. In the upsampling stage, the feature selection module adaptively selects the combined features and fuses them with the output features of the upsampling. Finally, the target size loss is optimised from a Smooth L1 Loss to IoU Loss to improve its inability to adapt to targets of different sizes. The experimental results show that the improved CenterNet model reduces the FPS by 123.7, increases the GPU memory by 62MB, increases the FLOPs by 3.81, and increases the AP by 0.154 compared with the original model. The GPU memory occupancy remained stable during the training process and exhibited good real-time performance and robustness.
Monitoring of Soil Salinity for Precision Management using Electromagnetic Induction Method
Authors: Eltarabily Mohamed G. , Amer Abdulrahman Ahmed , Farzamian Mohammad , Bouksila Fethi , Elkiki Mohamed , Selim Tarek
Published: January 2024

In this study, the temporal variation in soil salinity dynamics was monitored and analyzed using Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) in an agricultural area in Port Said, Egypt, which is at risk of soil salinization. To assess soil salinity, repeated CMD2 soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements were taken and inverted to generate electromagnetic conductivity imaging (EMCI), representing soil electrical conductivity (σ) distribution through time-lapse inversion. This process involved converting EMCI data into salinity cross sections using a site-specific calibration equation that correlates σ with the electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe) for the collected soil samples. The study was performed from August 2021 to April 2023, involving six surveys during two agriculture seasons. The results demonstrated the accurate prediction ability of soil salinity with R2 value of 0.81. The soil salinity cross sections generated on different dates observed changes in the soil salinity distribution. These changes can be attributed to shifts in irrigation water salinity resulting from canal lining, winter rainfall events, and variations in groundwater salinity. This approach is effective for evaluating agricultural management strategies in irrigated areas where it is necessary to continuously track soil salinity to avoid soil fertility degradation and a decrease in agricultural production and farmer’s income.
Epitope Mapping of an Anti-mouse CCR8 Monoclonal Antibody C8Mab-2 Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Kobayashi Hiyori , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tomohiro , Kaneko Mika K. , Kato Yukinari
Published: January 2024

The C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is highly and selectively expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells and is associated with tumor progression. The massive accumulation of Treg cells into tumors suppresses the effector function of CD8+ cells against tumor cells. Therefore, selective depletion of Treg cells using anti-CCR8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reinvigorates antitumor immune responses and improves responses to cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we developed an anti-mouse CCR8 (mCCR8) mAb, C8Mab-2, using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. In this study, the binding epitope of C8Mab-2 was investigated using flow cytometry. The mCCR8 extracellular domain-substituted mutant analysis showed that C8Mab-2 recognizes the N-terminal region (1–33 amino acids) of mCCR8. Next, 1×alanine (or glycine) scanning and 2×alanine (or glycine) scanning were conducted in the N-terminal region. The results revealed that the 17-DFFTAP-22 sequence is important for the recognition by C8Mab-2, and Thr20 is a central amino acid of the epitope. These results revealed the involvement of the N-terminus of mCCR8 in the recognition by C8Mab-2.
In Situ Measurement of the Machining State in Small-Diameter Drilling by Acoustic Emission Sensing
Authors: Hase Alan
Published: January 2024

In drilling small holes with diameters of 1 mm or less, minute clogging and twining of chips or adhesion of the workpiece material can become factors in causing breakages of the drill bit; moreover, it can be difficult to identify the machining state. Acoustic emission (AE) sensing is a nondestructive inspection technique that measures the elastic-stress waves that are generated when a material is deformed and fractured. AE sensing permits highly sensitive measurements to be made without changing the rigidity of the experimental system, unlike force sensing of cutting resistance, etc. In the present study, attempts were made to identify the machining state and tool wear, and to predict abnormalities in small-diameter drilling by using the change in the frequency of AE signal waveforms arising from deformation and fracture. It was shown that it is possible to predict the breakage of the drill bit by detecting the high-frequency AE signals caused by adhesion. In addition, a correlation map of the AE frequency spectrum for identifying the machining state in a drilling operation is suggested.
Navigating the Golden Seas: A Comprehensive Review of Business Management in the Gold Market
Authors: Rezaei Rasa , Fijin Zhao
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive review delves into gold market business management, covering historical perspectives, market dynamics, mining models, investment strategies, technology, regulations, global trends, and sustainability. Starting with a historical overview, it traces the gold market's evolution and analyzes supply-demand dynamics, price fluctuations, and geopolitical influences. The article scrutinizes gold mining models, evaluating environmental and social responsibilities, and explores financial management strategies, emphasizing risk and gold's role in portfolios. Examining technology's role, it highlights innovations in exploration, mining, and processing for improved efficiency and sustainability. The regulatory landscape analysis encompasses compliance challenges, environmental regulations, and ethical considerations, emphasizing global impacts. Global market trends are explored, identifying potential opportunities and challenges, offering strategic insights. The review concludes by evaluating sustainability practices, emphasizing environmental conservation, community engagement, and ethical sourcing.
Controlled Synthesis of Mg-MOF-74 and Its CO2 Adsorption in Flue Gas
Authors: Xin Chunling , Hou Shufen , Yu Lei , Zhou Xiaojing , Yang Fan , Wang Xia , Liu Lili
Published: January 2024

Yellow nanorod Mg-MOF-74 was obtained by solvothermal synthesis method. XRD、N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms、SEM and TGA results suggest that the particle size of Mg-MOF-74 reaches 400 nm after the introduction of sodium acetate in the precursor of Mg-MOF-74. Besides, the morphology of Mg-MOF-74 was changed from cauliflower to rod particles. At the same time, the BET specific surface area and pore volume of Mg-MOF-74 were also increased a lot. Then the CO2 dynamic adsorption capacity of Mg-MOF-74 was measured by self-made fix bed under 30 ℃、0.1 bar CO2 partial pressure. The results show that the CO2 adsorption capacity of Mg-MOF-74-N2 reaches 3.67 mmol/g and its CO2 adsorption capacity remains unchanged after 10 times CO2 adsorption-desorption cycles.
A Comprehensive Study of Al2O3 Mechanical Behavior Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Fathalian Mostafa , Postek Eligiusz , Tahani Masoud , Sadowski Tomasz
Published: January 2024

This study comprehensively investigates Al2O3's mechanical properties, focusing on fracture toughness, surface energy, Young's modulus, and crack propagation. The density functional theory (DFT) is employed to model the vacancies in Al2O3, providing essential insights into this material’s structural stability and defect formation. The DFT simulations reveal a deep understanding of vacancy-related properties and their impact on mechanical behavior. In conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the fracture toughness and crack propagation in Al2O3 are explored, offering valuable information on material strength and durability. The surface energy of Al2O3 is also assessed using DFT, shedding light on its interactions with the surrounding environment. The combination of DFT and MD simulations provides a robust framework for a comprehensive understanding of Al2O3's mechanical properties, with implications for material science and engineering applications.
Machine Learning Predictive Analysis of Liquefaction Resistance for Sandy Soils Enhanced by Chemical Injection
Authors: Cong Yuxin , Motohashi Toshiyuki , Nakao Koki , Inazumi Shinya
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the liquefaction resistance of chemically improved sandy soils in a straightforward and accurate manner. Using only the existing experimental databases and artificial intelligence, the goal was to make predictions without conducting physical experiments. Emphasis was placed on the significance of data from 20 loading cycles of cyclic undrained triaxial tests to determine the liquefaction resistance and the contribution of each explanatory variable. Different combinations of explanatory variables were considered. Regarding the predictive model, it was observed that a case with the liquefaction resistance ratio as the dependent variable and other parameters as explanatory variables yielded favorable results. In terms of exploring combinations of explanatory variables, it was found advantageous to include all variables as doing so consistently resulted in a high coefficient of determination. The inclusion of the liquefaction resistance ratio in the training data was found to improve the predictive accuracy. In addition, the results obtained when using a linear model for the prediction suggested the potential to accurately predict the liquefaction resistance using historical data.
From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: the Ori-gins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept
Authors: Paradiso Beatrice , Pauza Dainius , Limbaeck Clara , Ottaviani Giulia , Thiene Gaetano
Published: January 2024

In ancient Egyptian religion, psychostasis was the ceremony in which the deceased was judged before gaining access to the afterlife. This ritual was also known as the "weighing of the heart" or "weighing of the soul." The Egyptians believed that the heart, not the brain, was the seat of human wisdom, emotions, and memory. They were the first to recognize the cardiocentric nature of the body, identifying the heart as the center of the circulatory system.
Aristotle (fourth century BC) considered the importance of the heart in human physiology in his philosophical analyses. For Galen (third century AD), the heart muscle was the site of the vital spirit, which regulated body temperature.
Cardiology knowledge advanced significantly in the 15th century, coinciding with Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius's pioneering anatomical and physiological studies.
It was William Harvey, in the 17th century, who introduced the concept of cardiac circulation. Servet's research and Marcello Malpighi's discovery of arterioles and capillaries provided a more detailed understanding of circulation.
Richard Lower emerged as the foremost pioneer of experimental cardiology in the late 17th century. He demonstrated the heart's neural control by tying off the vagus nerve.
In 1753, Albrecht von Haller, a professor at Göttingen, was the first to discover the heart's automaticity and the excitation of muscle fibers.
Towards the end of the 18th century, Antonio Scarpa challenged the theories of Albrecht von Haller and Johann Bernhard Jacob Behrends, who maintained that the myocardium possessed its own "irritability," on which the heartbeat depended and was independent of neuronal sensitivity. Instead, Scarpa argued that the heart required innervation to maintain life, refuting Galenic notions.
In contemporary times, the study of cardiac innervation has regained prominence, particularly in understanding the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), which frequently involves cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of the intrinsic cardiac innervation. Recently, it has been recognized that post-acute sequelae of ARIs (acute respiratory infections) due to other pathogens can also be a cause of long-term vegetative and somatic symptoms. Understanding cardiac innervation and modulation can help to recognize and treat long COVID and long non-COVID-19 ARIs.
Statistical and Diagnostic Properties of pRR30, pRR3.25% and Asymmetrical Entropy Descriptors in Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Authors: Biczuk Bartosz , Buś Szymon , Żurek Sebastian , Piskorski Jarosław , Guzik Przemysław
Published: January 2024

Background: Early detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential to prevent stroke and other cardiac and embolic complications. We compared the diagnostic properties for AF detection of the percentage of successive RR interval differences greater than or equal to 30 ms or 3.25% of the previous RR interval (pRR30 and pRR3.25%, respectively), and asymmetric entropy descriptors of RR intervals. Previously, both pRR30 and pRR3.25% outperformed many other heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in distinguishing AF from sinus rhythm (SR) in 60-second electrocardiograms (ECGs). Methods: The 60-s segments with RR intervals were extracted from the publicly available Physionet Long-Term Atrial Fibrillation Database (84 recording, 24-hour Holter ECG). There were 31753 60-s segments of AF and 32073 60-s segments of SR. The diagnostic properties of all parameters were analysed with the receiver operator curve analysis, confusion matrix and logistic regression. The best model with pRR30, pRR3.25% and total entropic features (H) had the largest area under the curve (AUC) – 0.98 compared to 0.959 for pRR30 - and 0.972 for pRR3.25%. However, the differences in AUC between pRR30, pRR3.25% alone and the combined model were negligible from a practical point of view. Moreover, combining pRR30, pRR3.25% with H significantly increased the number of false-negative cases by more than threefold. Conclusions: Asymmetric entropy has some potential in differentiating AF from SR in the 60-s RR interval time series, but the addition of these parameters does not seem to make a relevant difference compared to pRR30 and especially pRR3.25%.
Adaptive methods for orbit determination and identification of maneuvers in GEO using optical measurements
Authors: Streltsov Arthur Igorevich , Grushevskii Alexey Vasilyevich , Zakhvatkin Mikhail Vitalyevich
Published: January 2024

The article presents modern methods for solving the problem of determining the motion parameters of a maneuvering spacecraft using trajectory optical measurements and analysis of spacecraft maneuvers in GEO, synthesis of the main criteria for their classification, and obtaining appropriate estimates of the cost of characteristic velocity. A highly efficient algorithm for fixing leads with verification of deorbit with GOST and ISO requirements is described.
On stability and accuracy of finite-volume schemes on non-uniform meshes
Authors: Bakhvalov Pavel Alexeevisch , Surnachev Mikhail Dmitriyevich
Published: January 2024

The paper studies the behavior of high-order finite-volume schemes for the 1D transport equation on non-uniform meshes. We consider finite-volume schemes with a polynomial reconstruction and schemes based on divided differences. We prove a sufficient stability condition on mildly deformed meshes and establish estimates for the solution error.
Desain dan Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Flash Card dengan Canva untuk Disabilitas
Authors: Yuana Rosihan Ari , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan , Prakisya Nurcahya Pradana Taufik , Hatta Puspanda , Aristyagama Yusfia Hafid , Liantoni Febri
Published: January 2024

Students with disabilities require suitable educational materials. Hence, one of the essential skills that a teacher must possess is the ability to provide suitable instructional materials for students. A workshop was organized by this community service activity at SLB YPCM Boyolali, focusing on creating educational media for instructors using Canva. The training instructs teachers on how to design flashcards specifically tailored for students with disabilities to facilitate their learning process. The advantage of this activity is the enhanced proficiency of SLB YPCM Boyolali teachers in creating digital educational materials. Another advantage is assessing instructor perspectives when employing digital media for educational purposes. The school will provide students with exceptional needs the opportunity to develop the skill of product branding using the processed foods they create. The post-workshop evaluation results indicate that this activity is highly successful and positively influences participants. Evidence demonstrates that 90% of participants can generate flashcard learning media products using Canva. The participants had a favorable opinion of Canva due to its user-friendly interface and comprehensive range of functions, despite most participants having limited computer proficiency. The session presented was met with a high level of satisfaction from most attendees.
Pemberdayaan Organisasi Kemasyarakatan PKK Melalui Program Pelatihan Karya Seni Ecoprint dengan Teknik Pounding
Authors: Rasmani Upik Elok Endang , Wardhana Anisya Oktav Syahranie , Pangestu Teguh , Dewi Anita Kartika , Septia Emilia , Larasati Shofin , Tunggawijaya Windra , Dhammayanti Ratna Dwi , Sulistyowati Maria Purwaningsih , Hidayati Isnaini Nur , Khoirissa Zahro Septa
Published: January 2024

Students with disabilities require suitable educational materials. Hence, one of the essential skills that a teacher must possess is the ability to provide suitable instructional materials for students. A workshop was organized by this community service activity at SLB YPCM Boyolali, focusing on creating educational media for instructors using Canva. The training instructs teachers on how to design flashcards specifically tailored for students with disabilities to facilitate their learning process. The advantage of this activity is the enhanced proficiency of SLB YPCM Boyolali teachers in creating digital educational materials. Another advantage is assessing instructor perspectives when employing digital media for educational purposes. The school will provide students with exceptional needs the opportunity to develop the skill of product branding using the processed foods they create. The post-workshop evaluation results indicate that this activity is highly successful and positively influences participants. Evidence demonstrates that 90% of participants can generate flashcard learning media products using Canva. The participants had a favorable opinion of Canva due to its user-friendly interface and comprehensive range of functions, despite most participants having limited computer proficiency. The session presented was met with a high level of satisfaction from most attendees.
Empowering Local Communities to Help Solve Plastic Waste Through Education and Recycling Solution
Authors: Widiastuti Indah , Wijayanto Danar Susilo , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan , Saputra Taufik Wisnu
Published: January 2024

This community service program aims to create awareness of the plastic pollution challenge by empowering the local communities around Sekolah Alam Solo Raya (SELASAR). The program is part of a problem-based learning approach implemented to support community-based education in SELASAR. SELASAR’s students are expected to educate the communities in sorting the general waste and separating out items that can be recycled. The educational kit of a simple recycling machine will be developed in UNS and then installed in Sekolah Alam Solo Raya for educational purposes. The communities will take an educational tour through plastic recycling, from sorting to final production. The objective of the educational tour is to raise awareness of waste reduction and provide practical tips on how to create a more sustainable environment. It is also expected that students could create well-designed products that have more commercial value.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru SD dalam Mendesain Local Instruction Theory untuk Mendukung Pembelajaran Inovatif pada Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Apriani Ika Fitri , Saputra Erwin Rahayu , Putri Agnestasia Ramadhani , Insani Andi Mutiara , Syaripah Auliya
Published: January 2024

The aim of the service activity is to provide insight and increase the professionalism of teachers in Tasikmalaya City in designing Local Instructional Theory (LIT) for innovative learning in elementary schools. The innovative learning models offered are the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model, and Project Based Learning (PjBL). Overall, teachers were not yet familiar with the concept of LIT, but when the training was carried out, teachers became aware and interested in developing a Local Instruction Theory design. Teachers' ability to develop Local Instruction Theory in learning is still very low. There are several factors that cause this to happen. First, teachers do not yet understand LIT and innovative learning models in the independent curriculum. Second, there is still a lack of training in creating/compiling/designing LIT in the independent curriculum. The partners' problem solutions include providing training and providing assistance to elementary school teachers to design LIT for learning. This training activity was attended by 20 elementary school teachers at one of the elementary schools in Tasikmalaya City. After attending the training, the participants gave a positive response and felt the need to carry out the next training.
The Role of Live Streaming in Building Consumer Trust, Engagement, and Purchase Intention in Indonesian Social Commerce Thrift Clothes Sellers
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Yasser Amyra Salsabela , Gayatri Gita ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia
Published: January 2024

Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: Examine the relationship between shopping values consumers perceive during live streaming and their trust, engagement, and intention to purchase from Indonesian social commerce thrift clothes sellers. Design/methodology/approach: Data was gathered through an online survey from consumers who have watched a live-streaming session of an online thrift clothes shop on Instagram. Data were analysed using covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Research Findings: The output shows that only the utilitarian value of live stream positively affects trust in products and sellers. The variable engagement was only significantly affected by hedonic value. Additionally, the only significant indirect relationship22222 is between utilitarian value and consumer engagement mediated by trust in products. Lastly, utilitarian value, symbolic value, and engagement positively affect the intention to purchase from Indonesian thrift clothes shops on Instagram, while hedonic value affects it negatively. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study extended several research models by utilising the Stimulus – Organism – Response framework to see how perceived values of live streaming on s-commerce affect consumer engagement and purchasing intention when mediated by consumer’s trust in the seller and product. Practitioner/Policy Implication: Marketers and entrepreneurs who sell thrift clothes on Instagram should utilise the Instagram Live feature while focusing on the utilitarian value to increase consumer engagement and intention to purchase. Research limitation/Implications: Demography, number of samples, and differences in live streaming style and thrift clothes brands still need to be addressed. Keywords: Consumer Engagement, Trust, Intention to Purchase, Live Streaming, Shopping Values, Social Commerce, Thrift clothes.
A Review of Studies on the Acquisition of English Learners' Ditransitive Construction and the Dative Alteration Construction
Authors: Shen Yanting
Published: January 2024

English ditransitive construction and dative alteration construction is a structure that English learners are bound to encounter on their way of learning. This paper finds that researchers nowadays mainly adopt the experimental method, corpus research method and experimental method combined with corpus research method to study the acquisition of this structure, as well as the factors affecting the acquisition of this structure are native language, second language level and language input. However, there are still certain problems in the current research such as, lack of comparison of acquisition of different native speakers, and insignificant differences in the level of variables.
Gender Similarities and Differences in the Usage of Stance Markers: A Study Based on Twenty TED Speeches
Authors: Zhuang Jie
Published: January 2024

The past few decades have witnessed the hot discussion concerning language and gender from various aspects, with the use of stance markers as one of the most vital angles. To find out the gender similarities and differences in the use of stance markers under the classification by Hyland, figure out the gender features and summarize the behind reasons, this article combines the qualitative and quantitative analysis together, conducts a detailed analysis on twenty TED speeches delivered by ten male and ten female lecturers, respectively. Finally, the study finds that firstly, there are no distinctive differences in the use of stance markers in the primary class proposed by Hyland named hedges, boosters, attitude markers and self-mention. But the female lecturers use stance makers more frequently on the whole. Secondly, in terms of secondary class which complemented by other scholars, still no obvious differences are found in terms of hedges and attitude markers. Then, for the use of boosters, the males prefer fact-asserting while the females tend to use certainty-indicating. As for the employment of self-mention markers, words indicating authority such as I are more frequently used by males and those contributing to solidarity between the speaker and audience such as we are more commonly applied by females. The discovery of gender similarities and differences involves various reasons, and it provides important implications for the study of oral English.
NEOICHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MOLE CRICKET BURROWS: IMPLICATIONS OF SUBSTRATE MOISTURE CHANGES ON PRESERVATION AND MORPHOLOGY
Authors: SEDORKO DANIEL , NASCIMENTO DIEGO L. , CARMONA NOELIA , NETTO RENATA G. , RANGEL CAIO CÉSAR , RAMOS KIMBERLY SILVA , ALESSANDRETTI LUCIANO
Published: January 2024

The morphology and architectural design of trace fossils are strongly influenced by substrate characteristics, organism anatomy, and burrowing behavior. In this study, we explore the influence of substrate moisture on preservation variants of mole cricket burrows and discuss its correspondence to previously described ichnogenera. Field observations were conducted on clayey and sandy substrates; burrows were described and photographed in situ, and laboratory analyses were performed on collected samples. Mole cricket burrows consist of branched, straight to sinuous tunnels with circular to semicircular cross sections and exhibit distinctive features on the inner walls that are influenced by substrate moisture and texture. Morphotypes were identified based on substrate characteristics, including well-developed pelletized roofs, subtle scratch traces, collapsed roofs, and lateral fringes. Understanding the impact of substrate moisture changes on the preservation and morphology of mole cricket burrows is essential for interpreting trace fossils in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Besides providing insights into the modes of preservation and substrate conditions of mole cricket burrows, this study also compares their preservation variants with those of Protovirgularia and Sphaerapus.
Mapeamento SIG de Risco Ambiental de Poluição Atmosférica em Empresas Catarinenses
Authors: Hanada Ana , Suski Cássio
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo elaborar um mapeamento SIG do risco ambiental de poluição atmosférica no Estado de Santa Catarina por meio dos dados de licenciamento ambiental de atividades porte G (Grande) conforme a Resolução CONSEMA n° 98/2017, visando caracterizar o risco potencial de poluição atmosférica a fim de servir como base para a instalação de futuras estações de monitoramento de qualidade do ar em todo o Estado. Aborda-se, de forma de forma geral, a poluição atmosférica, tema de grande relevância nos tempos atuais devido aos graves problemas de saúde pública (toxicidade) e de meio ambiente (efeito estufa). Foram utilizados dados do licenciamento ambiental do Estado de Santa Catarina, com o objetivo de construir um mapeamento SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas) e empregar ferramentas de Gerenciamento de Riscos. O levantamento totalizou 1398 empresas e foi possível construir um mapa de calor de Kernel, que mostra a concentração de empresas com maior risco de poluição local. Foram identificadas 15 áreas de concentração no mapeamento e listadas as principais atividades potencialmente poluidoras. Por fim, foram elencados os principais riscos, elaborados uma Matriz de Probabilidade de Impacto, um Planejamento de Respostas aos riscos do PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge), assim como um plano de ações.
Evolutionary Tinkering Enriches the Hierarchical and Nested Structures in Amino Acid Sequences
Authors: Zhang Zecheng , Liu Chunxiuzi , Zhu Yingjun , Peng Lu , Qiu Weiyi , Tang Qianyuan , Liu He , Zhang Ke , Di Zengru , Liu Yu
Published: January 2024

Genetic information often exhibits hierarchical and nested relationships, achieved through the reuse of repetitive subsequences such as duplicons and transposable elements, a concept termed ``evolutionary tinkering'' by Fran\c{c}ois Jacob. Current bioinformatics tools often struggle to capture these, particularly the nested, relationships. To address this, we utilized Ladderpath, a new approach within the broader category of Algorithmic Information Theory, introducing two key measures: order-rate $\eta$ for characterizing sequence pattern repetitions and regularities, and ladderpath-complexity $\kappa$ for assessing hierarchical and nested richness. Our analysis of amino acid sequences revealed that humans have more sequences with higher $\kappa$ values, and proteins with many intrinsically disordered regions exhibit increased $\eta$ values. Additionally, it was found that extremely long sequences with low $\eta$ are rare. We hypothesize that this arises from varied duplication and mutation frequencies across different evolutionary stages, which in turn suggests a zigzag pattern for the evolution of protein complexity. This is supported by simulations and studies of protein families like Ubiquitin and NBPF, implying species-specific or environment-influenced protein elongation strategies. The Ladderpath approach offers a quantitative lens to understand evolutionary tinkering and reuse, shedding light on the generative aspects of biological structures.
Genetic Associations Between Autoimmune Diseases and Anemia: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Inform Clinical Practice.
Authors: shi yifen , zhuang xin , chen peng , yang rong , man xiaoying , wang ruochen
Published: January 2024

Background: Autoimmune diseases and anemia are clinically distinct yet recent studies suggest a potential association. The causal link is unclear, prompting this study's utilization of univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses to probe a possible causal connection.
Method: A thorough literature review and analysis of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, sourced from public databases, were conducted. Ten autoimmune diseases and anemia were selected for scrutiny. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with these diseases were identified, serving as instrumental variables with anemia as the outcome variable. Both univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to assess the causal link.
Results: Ten autoimmune diseases were analyzed concerning their relationship with anemia. Univariate analysis revealed that Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis genetically contribute to anemia risk. Multivariate analysis sustained a significant association between the genetic predisposition toward Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis and anemia risk.
Conclusion: This study supports the notion that autoimmune diseases negatively influence anemia risk, suggesting that targeting autoimmune diseases may be key to mitigating anemia risk. The relationship between autoimmune diseases and anemia warrants further investigation for potential preventive and treatment strategies.
The effect of a cognitive training therapy based on stimulation of brain oscillations in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Chilean sample: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vargas Alejandra Mabel Figueroa , Góngora Begoña , Alonso María Francisca , Ortega Alonso , Soto Patricio , Zepeda Lucía , Ramírez Sebastián , González Francisca , Muñoz Paula , Billeke Pablo
Published: January 2024

Background
The ageing population has increased the prevalence of disabling and high-cost diseases, such as Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The latter can be considered a prodromal phase of some dementias and a critical stage for interventions to postpone the impairment of functionality. Working memory (WM) is a pivotal cognitive function, representing the fundamental element of executive functions. This project proposes an intervention protocol to enhance WM in these users, combining cognitive training with transcranial electrical stimulation of alternating current (tACS). This technique has been suggested to enhance the neuronal plasticity needed for cognitive processes involving oscillatory patterns. WM stands to benefit significantly from this approach, given its well-defined electrophysiological oscillations. Therefore, tACS could potentially boost WM in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods
This study is a phase IIb randomised, double-blind clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up period. The study participants will be 62 participants diagnosed with MCI, aged over 60, from Valparaíso, Chile. Participants will receive an intervention combining twelve cognitive training sessions with tACS. Participants will receive either tACS or placebo stimulation in eight out of twelve training sessions. Sessions will occur twice weekly over six weeks. The primary outcomes will be electroencephalographic measurements through the prefrontal theta oscillatory activity, while the secondary effects will be cognitive assessments of WM. The participants will be evaluated before, immediately after, and three months after the end of the intervention.
Discussion. The outcomes of this trial will add empirical evidence about the benefits and feasibility of an intervention that combines cognitive training with non-invasive brain stimulation. The objective is to contribute tools for optimal cognitive treatment in patients with MCI. To enhance WM capacity, postpone the impairment of functionality, and obtain a better quality of life.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05291208. Registered on 28 February 2022. ISRCTN87597719 retrospectively registered on 15 September 2023
Cryopurification and microbial fuel cell process as a combined approach to treat mine-impacted water
Authors: Allen Ethan , Popugaeva Daria , Munoz-Cupa Carlos , Bassi Amarjeet S , Kreyman Konstantin , Ray Ajay K
Published: January 2024

In the current study, a water treatment approach integrating freezing technology, so-called cryopurification, and microbial fuel cell (MFC) process is proposed and tested towards zinc removal. Contaminated water samples used for laboratory experiments were received from the Faro Mine site, Yukon, Canada. Through cryopurification, the effect of freezing temperature, mixing and the direction of ice front propagation on zinc removal from the Faro mine water was investigated and quantitively analyzed. The MFC was used to treat a post-cryopurification brine, both at a laboratory scale. When the coolant temperature ranged from − 5 to − 1 ̊C and 180 rpm solution mixing was used, up to 80–95% of zinc was removed after a single freezing cycle. The results of laboratory experiments demonstrated that zinc concentrations in mine water can be reduced by cryopurification to 0.5 mg/L (effluent quality standard) under optimal experimental conditions. The MFC process was run for 120 h to test the capacity of the microorganism (Shewanella oneidensis) towards zinc removal from the brine concentrated by freezing. Based on the results of laboratory experiments, MFC showed a reliable and high zinc removal up to 90–93% with Shewanella oneidensis incubated in the anode. The MFC generated a power density and open-circuit voltage with a maximum result of 8.8 mW/m2 and 168.5 mV, respectively.
SEAD: an augmented reference panel with 22,134 haplotypes boosts the rare variants imputation and GWAS analysis in Asian population
Authors: Zheng Hou-Feng , Yang Meng-yuan , Zhong Jia-Dong , Li Xin , Bai Wei-Yang , Yuan Cheng-Da , Qiu Mo-Chang , Liu Ke-Qi , Yu Chun-Fu , Li Nan , Yang Ji-Jian , Liu Yu-Heng , Yu Shi-Hui , Zhao Wei-Wei , Liu Jun-Quan , Sun Yi , Cong Peikuan , Khederzadeh Saber , Zhao Pianpian , Qian Yu , Guan Peng-Lin , Gu Jia-Xuan , Gai Si-Rui , Yi Xiang-Jiao , Tao Jianguo , Chen Xiang , Miao Mao-Mao , Lei Lan-Xin , Xu Lin , Xie Shu-Yang , Tian Geng , Li Jinchen , Guo Jifeng , Karasik David , Yang Liu , Tang Beisha , Huang Fei
Published: January 2024

Here, we present the South and East Asian Reference Database (SEAD) reference panel (https://imputationserver.westlake.edu.cn/), which comprises whole genome sequencing data from 11,067 individuals across 17 countries in Asia. The SEAD panel, which excludes singleton variants, consists of 22,134 haplotypes and 80,367,720 variants. Firstly, we assessed the concordance rate in global populations using HGDP datasets, notably, the SEAD panel showed advantage in East Asia, Central and South Asia, and Oceania populations. When imputing the disease-associated variants of Asian population, the SEAD panel displayed a distinct preponderance in imputing low-frequency and rare variants. In imputation of Chinese population, the SEAD panel imputed a larger number of well-imputed sites across all minor allele frequency (MAF) bins. Additionally, the SEAD panel exhibited higher imputation accuracy for shared sites in all MAF bins. Finally, we applied the augmented SEAD panel to conduct a discovery and replication genome-wide association study (GWAS) for hip and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) traits within the 5,369 Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) samples. The single-variant test suggests that rare variants near SNTG1 gene are associated with hip BMD (rs60103302, MAF = 0.0091, P = 4.79×10− 8). The spatial clustering analysis also suggests the association of this gene (Pslide_window=1.08×10− 8, Pgene_centric=4.72×10− 8). The gene and variants achieved a suggestive level for FN BMD. This gene was not reported previously, and the preliminary experiment demonstrated that the identified rare variant can upregulate the SNTG1 expression, which in turn inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblast.
Productive performance, digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality in rabbits fed triticale-based diets supplemented with xylanase
Authors: Galeano-Díaz Johana Paola , Torres Juan Edrei Sanchez , Domínguez-Vara Ignacio Arturo , Morales-Almaraz Ernesto , Bribiesca Jacinto Efrén Ramírez , Cruz-Monterrosa Rosy Gabriela , Ramírez Miguel Cervantes , Carranza Benjamín Valladarez
Published: January 2024

Cereals such as triticale may contain high levels of xylans and arabinoxylans, limiting its use in diets since they act as anti-nutritional factors. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the enzyme xylanase included in triticale-based diets on productive performance, digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality in growing-finishing rabbits. Eighty rabbits (New Zealand X California breed), 35 days old, with an average initial live weight of 821 ± 26 g, were used. Twenty animals for treatment were used in each one of the fourth experimental treatments: 0, 4000, 8000 and 12000 XU/kg of xylanase inclusion (XilaBlend 6X). The rabbits were fed ad libitum and fecal excretion was collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, the rabbits were slaughtered and carcass characteristics and meat quality were measured. A higher (P < 0.05) live weight was observed in rabbits fed diets with the addition of xylanase enzyme on days 4 and 7 of the experimental period. On the other hand, in the average total tract digestibility of organic matter, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed, similar to what occurred in the carcass traits and nutritional quality of the meat (P > 0.05). The inclusion of 8000 XU/kg of xylanase enzyme provided the best values of apparent digestibility of total tract protein and dry matter on the finished stage of rabbits.
Global methane emissions from natural gas networks
Authors: Hureau Geoffroy , Lecarpentier Armelle , Serbutoviez Sylvain , Kaniewicz Jean , Madden Mike , Brooks Chris , Robertson Aileen , Harrison Colin , Langston Chris , ravalec mickaele le
Published: January 2024

Given the significant global warming power and short atmospheric lifetime of methane, one of the most effective mitigation strategies for limiting global warming over the short term is to target the anthropogenic sources of methane and rapidly reduce their emissions. The unaccounted for gas phenomenon in natural gas transmission and distribution networks reflects an imbalance between what enters the gas network and what leaves it. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of leaks along these gas networks, and to determine whether this leads to methane emissions, since natural gas is mainly composed of methane. First, flow data measured along gas networks are collected and used to assess unaccounted for gas by country. A global average value of 1.7% is observed, but with significant disparities between regions ranging from 0.01% to 15%. Second, unaccounted for gas values permit to assess the quantities of methane released into the atmosphere by gas networks. In total, 18 Mt of methane were emitted in 2021. The main producing countries present high unaccounted for gas volumes and methane emissions, which can be explained by the age of their gas networks. Conversely, networks in more recent markets or advanced countries have fewer leaks, leading to more moderate methane emissions. This shows than methane emissions can be reduced in well-maintained networks. The accounting method developed in this article would make it possible to verify the emissions reductions announced for gas networks in the future if repeated over time.
Hepatic Sarcoidosis- an Unusual Cause of Jaundice: a Case Report
Authors: Majumder Touhidul Karim , Khalil Md.Musab , Siddqui Ashfaque Ahmed , Chowdhury Moshfiqur Rahman , Parvin Sultana , Islam Muhammed Saiful , Arefin Muhammad Sayedul
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a chronic disorder. Its hallmark is the presence of noncaseating granuloma. Most cases are asymptomatic. However, few of them progress to liver cirrhosis and liver failure. Treatment of hepatic sarcoidosis is challenging as there is no large randomized controlled till date has been done to evaluate the efficacy of drugs. The Unique characteristic of this case report is that Sarcoidosis may present with jaundice and need to be borne in mind when a patient presenting with jaundice and no usual cause failed to be identify any usual cause. Despite having sarcoidosis, the patient did not have any respiratory symptom.
Case presentation: We are presenting a case of hepatic sarcoidosis who presented with abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. After excluding of all common causes of jaundice, hepatic sarcoidosis was diagnosed with liver biopsy. Conclusion: High levels of suspicion is needed to diagnose hepatic sarcoidosis as this is an unusual cause of jaundice. Although rare, hepatic sarcoidosis can be treated with steroids. The prime take-away message from this case report is to consider Sarcoidosis as an unusual but treatable cause of jaundice when the conventional causes are failed to be the cause of jaundice.