bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einleitung
Authors: Roepert Leo
Published: February 2024

Im Zentrum der Kritischen Theorie stand der Versuch, die gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungstendenzen zu begreifen, die Faschismus und autoritäres Denken hervorbringen. Die Einleitung rekapituliert einige Grundeinsichten der Kritischen Theorie und fragt, wie sich in der Gegenwart an diese anknüpfen lässt, um das Erstarken der extremen und populistischen Rechten zu erklären.
»Das einzige Sichere im Leben ist die Unsicherheit.«
Authors: Rokahr Sandra
Published: February 2024

Im Zentrum des Beitrags von Sandra Rokahr steht die tiefenhermeneutische Analyse eines Videos des rechten YouTubers und Verschwörungsesoterikers Heiko Schrang. Anknüpfend an die Autoritarismusstudien der Frankfurter Schule werden die manipulativen Strategien und Tricks des falschen Propheten aufgedeckt. Es wird gezeigt, wie der selbsternannte Prediger und Online-Agitator versucht, über die "gesellschaftliche Malaise", das individuelle Unglück und Leid des Publikums, seine Follower:innen an sich zu binden.
»Ich will nicht jetzt weinen, aber ja, alles ist für Pass.«
Authors: Scheffold Miriam
Published: February 2024

Miriam Scheffold rekonstruiert in diesem empirischen Beitrag den Bildungsweg einer jungen geflüchteten Frau im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheits- und Machtverhältnisse. Dabei werden Positionierungsprozesse und damit verbundene Handlungsmöglichkeiten fokussiert sowie Umgangs- und Deutungsweisen der Biografin mit diesen. Deutlich wird, dass migrationsgesellschaftliche Verhältnisse einen strukturierenden Zugriff und begrenzende Effekte auf den Bildungsweg der jungen Frau haben, zugleich aber auch ihr Bemühen, sich den hegemonialen Verhältnissen und Deutungsmustern zu widersetzen und diese zu verschieben. Unter Bezugnahme auf Butler werden die herausgearbeiteten Umgangs- und Deutungsweisen in einem Spannungsfeld von Verhaftet-Sein in und Verschiebung von gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen diskutiert und abschießend auf deren Bedeutung für Bildungsprozesse befragt.
Solidarität: Zwischen Analyse und Engagement
Authors: Schäfer Alfred
Published: February 2024

Wer für wen in dessen Namen und für ihn sprechen, sich solidarisch zeigen und Solidarität von Dritten einfordern kann, ist eine nicht einfach zu beantwortende Frage. In einer Antwort überkreuzen sich Bestimmungsansprüche und die Behauptung sozialer Beziehungen mit Fragen nach dem Gemeinsamen, dem Heterogenen und einer möglichen Machtbeziehung. Der Beitrag diskutiert den problembewussten Umgang mit diesen Fragen an zwei Ansätzen aus dem postkolonialen Kontext: an Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak und Homi Bhabha.
The Sublime Character of Gothic Fiction (1764-1847)
Authors: Lüdeke Roger
Published: February 2024

This essay argues that the Gothic novel enacts the material precariousness of its fictional worlds through the psychological disposition, equally precarious, of its characters. In Gothic fiction, the precariousness of characters manifests in psychological phenomena based on dubious information, seductive fantasies, and overpowering affects and emotions. Following a psychoanalytic theory of sublimation, I show that these mental states indicate a physiological-material excess within the subject, and I examine how the character-subjects of Gothic fiction develop in relation to this bodily and material dimension of their being. At the same time, this approach is concerned with the measure of autonomy and self-conduct that characters of Gothic fiction are enabled to maintain in response to precisely this corpo-reality. I will put this materialist approach to the test by examining three of the classics: The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights (1847), and Northanger Abbey (1817) by Jane Austen. I hope to show that the Gothic novel forms a test case for us to rethink the ontology of literary characters in both literary and ethical terms, while enabling ways of exploration that may as well apply to other, non-Gothic styles of fictional world-making.
Ambivalenzen in der Forschungspraxis
Authors: Koppel Ilka , Langer Sandra L.
Published: February 2024

In Deutschland leben 6,2 Millionen deutschsprechende Erwachsene mit geringer Literalität. Die Forschungsprojekte und damit auch die Forschungsprozesse im Alphabetisierungs- und Grundbildungsbereich sind in den vergangenen Jahren angestiegen und zum Teil umfangreicher geworden. Die Forschung zu Erwachsenen mit geringer Literalität birgt jedoch aufgrund der Zielgruppencharakteristika verschiedene Herausforderungen, die auch unter der Perspektive datenbasierter Entwicklungen gelesen werden können. In diesem Beitrag werden Ambivalenzen in der Forschungspraxis mit Erwachsenen mit geringer Literalität identifiziert und es wird reflektiert, welche Potenziale von multimedialen Unterstutzungsfunktionen, Methodenkombinationen sowie der partizipativen Forschung zur Ambivalenzreduktion ausgehen.
Datenbasierte Unterrichtsentwicklung mit VERA: (Wie) kann das funktionieren?
Authors: Hosenfeld Ingmar , Zimmer-Müller Michael , Strasser Josef
Published: February 2024

Zentrales Ziel von in der Kultusministerkonferenz verabredeten Vergleichsarbeiten ist die Unterrichtsentwicklung. Der Betrag setzt sich theoretisch mit Hindernissen und Gelingensbedingungen auseinander und entwirft eine Perspektive für eine Erhöhung der Nützlichkeit für die Schulen, indem eine deutlich zeitlich und thematisch flexiblere, computerbasierte Durchführung implementiert wird.
Masks and Comic Stereotypes between Performance and Image in Late 16th-Century Bavaria
Authors: Vianello Daniele
Published: February 2024

In this article Daniele Vianello focuses on the frescoes decorating the Narrentreppe of the Bavarian castle of Trausnitz, which are one of the first examples of the figurative myth of commedia dell'arte. The reinterpretation of the frescoes distances itself from traditional historiography, which tended to consider these images as a record of performances by companies of professional Italian actors in the German area in the late 16th century. Rather, these figurations are indicative of the very early diffusion in the iconography of the themes of the commedia dell'arte, which becomes a true aesthetic phenomenon in all of Europe.
The Practice of Academic Iconoclasm in the Metabolic Museum-University
Authors: Deliss Clémentine
Published: February 2024

In this article, curator Clémentine Deliss ask you to imagine an educational dispositive that changes the status of the public from consumer to student. Such a museum-university could provide research and professional opportunities for students in the arts and humanities, in particular for those who have studied hybrid post-colonial subjects all over the world from South Africa to Oslo, from Singapore to London. Moreover, no one requires an exam to study in the museum. Given today's complex demographics and the economics of university education, museums can become spaces for democratic inquiry and learning. It is within this context that the Metabolic Museum-University (MM-U) has been setting up student and faculty-led situations, which (like rehearsals and exercises) aim to encourage the public to engage with exhibits differently.If the museum-university advocates a methodology of academic iconoclasm, then it aims to consciously fracture the archive and refute disciplinary divisions inherited from 19th-century European scholasticism. Transgressive adjacency places artefacts, methods, cultural formations, languages, and roles next alongside one another in order to confront the validity of contexts that are defined by specialisms and which create a transversal approach.
Radikale Demokratietheorie, Rechtspopulismus und Volkssouveränität
Authors: Comtesse Dagmar
Published: February 2024

Dieser Artikel geht von der diskursstrategischen Frage aus, ob sich angesichts des Rechtspopulismus radikaldemokratisches Theoretisieren mit liberalem Denken verbinden muss, um eine anti-faschistische Allianz zu bilden. Dieses Strategieange- bot, vertreten durch Paul Mason, wird zurückgewiesen. Ein genauer Blick auf Differenzen aber auch Ähnlichkeiten zwischen radikaldemokratischen und rechtspopulistischen Diskurs- strategien zeigt, dass sowohl die negatorische wie auch die persuasive radikaldemokratische Institutionenkritik Potentiale bereithalten, sich nicht nur deutlich vom rechtspopulistischen Denken abzugrenzen, sondern auch den anti-demokratischen Effekten des liberalen Denkens
Why AI Cannot Think
Authors: Feige Daniel Martin
Published: February 2024

In the context of the recent interest in large language models (LLMs) and image creation using artificial intelligence, the debate about whether AI is capable of reasoning arises again and again. This paper argues that it is a mistake to understand the outputs of artificial intelligence in terms of an expression of thinking. It draws on both phenomenological arguments (Dreyfus, Cantwell Smith) and arguments from the context of an analytic anthropology (Davidson, McDowell): To be a thinking being, one must be able not only to operate with representations of the world, but also to understand them as representations of the world. To be a thinking being one also has to be a bearer of a form of life.
Power, Data and Control
Authors: Murphy Oonagh
Published: February 2024

The use of artificial intelligence technologies is becoming more prevalent in museums, and with these emerging technologies come emerging forms of museum practice. Aligning the technological possibilities of AI with the ethical and social responsibilities of museums has led to an emerging area of museum practice that focuses on power, data, and control within the context of museum collections and visitor management. This paper presents a range of ethics frameworks and models that can be used to support museum professionals working at the cutting edge of this burgeoning field.
Digital Curation and AI
Authors: Neudecker Clemens
Published: February 2024

In this article, Clemens Neudecker discusses various use cases, from text recognition to image analysis or classification to contextualization, that have already demonstrated how digitization and curation can benefit from the use of AI. But applying black-box technologies from the private sector to cultural data without fully understanding the implications also involves risks. This paper presents two examples of the adoption of AI in cultural heritage from the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Berlin State Library), highlights some of the recent criticisms of data practices in the domain of AI, and offers ideas and suggestions regarding the potential role and contribution of digital curators and cultural heritage institutions for the benefit of AI.
Existenz und Gesellschaft
Authors: Schulz Manuel
Published: February 2024

Ungeachtet ihres metaphysischen Ursprungs bildet die Kategorie des Seelischen bis heute für die soziologische Theoriebildung ein kaum hinterfragtes Konzept. Manuel Schulz kritisiert diese Leerstelle mit Blick auf das Werk Georg Simmels und entwickelt unter Rückgriff auf die Neue Phänomenologie eine leib- und existenzphilosophische Vergesellschaftungstheorie. Die so gewonnene Forschungsperspektive zeigt sich dabei nicht nur anschlussfähig an Arbeiten der Kritischen Theorie und der Subjektivierungsforschung, sondern eröffnet auch einen innovativen Rahmen für die Analyse der Herausforderungen, denen sich heutige Gesellschaften im Angesicht der Zerstörung ihrer Lebensgrundlagen gegenübersehen.
Einleitung: Zusammenarbeit klug gestalten
Authors: Cremer Fabian , Dogunke Swantje , Neubert Anna Maria , Wübbena Thorsten
Published: February 2024

Die Einleitung führt in den Sammelband "Zusammenarbeit klug gestalten: Projektmanagement und Digital Humanities" ein und beleuchtet hierbei dessen Kontext und Genese sowie diverse Aspekte der Einzelbeiträge.
Normdaten am laufenden Band
Authors: Leiske Patrick , Lill Jens , Markert Michael , Meiners Hanna-Lena , Rosenkötter Martha
Published: February 2024

Seit ihrer Zusammenführung aus verschiedenen bibliothekarischen Normdateien im Jahre 2012 hat sich die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) zu einem wichtigen Linked-Open-Data-Werkzeug im Kulturbereich entwickelt. So leicht es ist, intellektuell eigene Datensätze mit der GND abzugleichen und anzureichern, so herausfordernd ist die Anreicherung der GND selbst - aufgrund der dafür benötigten Regelwerkskenntnisse und Softwareumgebungen. Seit Mai 2018 arbeiten verschiedene Partner im GND4C-Projekt an einem leichteren Zugang zu den GND-Erfassungsregeln, der Dokumentation und Anpassung des Organisationsmodells, transparenten Workflows für (automatisierte) Abgleiche und Einspielung von Daten in die GND sowie Softwarewerkzeugen zur Unterstützung dieser Prozesse. Im Beitrag stellen verschiedene Projektpartner ihre Perspektive auf die bisherige Projektarbeit an einem technisch, personell und institutionell herausfordernden Produktivsystem anhand ausgewählter Schwerpunktthemen vor.
Die Rolle des Wissens und Wissensmanagement in Digital-Humanities- Projekten
Authors: Geiger Jonathan D. , Gerber Anja , Matloch Jessica
Published: February 2024

In den Digital Humanities finden große Teile der Forschung mittlerweile in Form von Projekten statt. "Wissensmanagement", verstanden als Summe sämtlicher operativen Tätigkeiten, die sich mit der kapitalen Ressource Wissen in Projekten auseinandersetzen, sollte daher als Teil des Projektmanagements verstanden werden. Der Beitrag nähert sich diesem Themenkomplex und skizziert die Perspektive anhand zweier Fallbeispiele - dem Projekt Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi Deutschland und dem NFDI-Konsortium NFDI4Culture. Abschließend werden einige Wissensmanagementmethoden und -werkzeuge näher beschrieben und ihre Vorzüge und Herausforderungen dargestellt.
Literature as an Agent of Critical Digital Literacy
Authors: Küpper Thomas
Published: February 2024

Thomas Küpper argues that literature can contribute significantly to critical digital literacy. His example of this is the literary motif of searching. Nowadays, when so-called search engines claim to save people the effort of searching, literature is able to raise the question of what searching can actually mean, thus putting the usefulness of such machines into perspective. In Marc-Uwe Kling's novel »Qualityland,« for instance, searching in the sense of a human intention is differentiated from the automated processes of search engines. »Qualityland« draws on a long philosophical and literary tradition, against whose backdrop it articulates skepticism about digital searching and finding.
Science Diplomacy und internationale Kooperationen in Zeiten geopolitischer Rivalitäten
Authors: Neuneck Götz
Published: February 2024

Der Beitrag resümiert die verschiedenen Spielformen von Science Diplomacy und ihre Unterschiede. Es werden Beispiele für eine gelungene Science Diplomacy genannt, ebenso wie deren geopolitischen Herausforderungen.
The Camp, Housing, and the City
Authors: Sowa Christian
Published: February 2024

In 2015 many camps were opened to accommodate newly arriving migrants in Berlin. Christian Sowa studies this form of accommodation. Moving beyond an exclusive focus on borders and migration, he argues that camp accommodation must be thought of and studied as part of the urban context and as a specific form of housing. The study provides an in-depth case study, discusses policy alternatives, argues for »housing for all instead of camps«, and contributes to bringing urban and migration studies into public discussion. In times of new waves of migration, the topic of migrant accommodation within urban environments remains highly relevant today.
Unwriting Nature
Authors: Horstmann Simone
Published: February 2024

Wer von »Ökologie«, »Nachhaltigkeit« oder »Schöpfung« spricht, denkt die Tierethik immer schon mit - so eine gängige These. Tatsächlich zeigen die Diskurse der vergangenen Jahre aber deutlich, dass das Anliegen einer Tierethik, die Tiere als individuelle Subjekte moralisch berücksichtigt, nicht automatisch mit den abstrakten, entindividualisierten Kalkülen der Ökologie in Einklang zu bringen ist: »Ökologische Ethiken« fordern zwar Rechte für Flüsse, Berge, Pflanzen und ganze Planeten, lassen die Ansprüche von Tieren aber meist außen vor. Simone Horstmann zeigt, wie ökologische Argumente in den Theologien zum neuen Einwand gegen die moralischen Ansprüche von Tieren wurden - und wie dadurch das Risiko steigt, Gewalt an Tieren zu legitimieren.
Increased efficiency fertilizers in arabica coffee growth in Vale do Ribeira, SP
Authors: Carvalho Alex Mendonça de , Godoy Leandro José Grava de , Silveira Ariel Moraes , Gonze Fernanda de Barros , De Freitas Ana Flávia
Published: February 2024

Controlled-release fertilizers have been increasingly used. This study aimed to evaluate and adapt new technologies applied via soil for sustainable coffee production, in order to generate information that contribute to the technical innovation of the crop for the Vale do Ribeira region. The experiment was set at UNESP, in Registro – SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with four replications, with plots of six plants. Four doses (200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1) of a mixed fertilizer 20-05-20 were used, with controlled release in six months, intended for coffee trees in formation and production, compared to the dose of 500 kg ha-1 of the conventional mixed fertilizer 20-05-20, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate with boron, in addition to a control treatment, which did not receive NPK fertilization. The cultivar used was ‘Obatã IAC 1669’ in 3.0 x 0.6 m spacing. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes of plagiotropic branches, stem diameter, plant height and yield, in two harvest periods, besides the surface chemical characteristic of the soil. Increasing the dose of the slow-release fertilizer leads to greater plant growth; the coffee plant presents a highly responsive behavior to the increase in fertilizer doses in relation to nitrogen, and the use of the slow-release fertilizer Agroblen (20-05-20) 100% and ammonium sulfate + SS + KCl allows greater yield.
Morphometry of the infraorbital foramen in dentate and edentulous adult humans and its clinical relevance
Authors: Alexander João Gabriel , Baptista Josemberg da Silva
Published: February 2024

The infraorbital foramen (IOF) serves as an important anatomical reference for infraorbital nerve block during different procedures. Its clinical and surgical relevance, associated with conflicting results in its anatomy description justifies the present study. Thus, this work aims to describe the IOF, qualitatively and quantitatively, and propose an accurate measurement to define its location. One hundred and seventy-four IOFs of dry skulls were analyzed and divided in dentate (DE) and edentulous (ED) groups. Distances were measured between the IOF and the margin of the alveolar arch of the maxilla (MAAM), the inferior orbital margin (IOM), the intermaxillary suture (IMS), the vertical plane of IOF. A new methodology was proposed to optimize the identification of IOF based on the IMS distance. Oval-shaped IOFs (n=81/174) with inferomedial orientation (n=104/174) and with a crest-shaped upper margin (n=163/174) constituted the norm for this sample. Distance between IOF and MAAM was 29.97 ± 4.09 mm, to IOM 7.27 ± 1.8 mm, and to IMS 35.09 ± 3.77 mm. ED individuals had IOF closer to MAAM (p=0.0124). The highest point of this methodology was the lack of statistical differences in the IMS distance in ED and DE specimens, making this method applicable for both. Therefore, to minimize iatrogenic injuries, clinicians and surgeons must consider the total or partial presence of teeth, the methodology established to find the IOF, its inferomedial orientation, and the prevalent crest on its superior margin.
Notes from the Editors, February 2024
Authors: Editors -
Published: February 2024

buy this issueAs Israel continues its atrocities in Gaza, the editors examine the nature of exterminism and its relation to what threatens to become a permanent Nakba. The explicit aim, they contend, of Zionism's settler colonial project is nothing less than the extermination—in the classical sense of the term—of the entire Palestinian population.
The Case for Socialist Veganism
Authors: Selwyn Benjamin , Davis Charis
Published: February 2024

There is a paradox, Benjamin Selwyn and Charis Davis write, at the heart of corporate veganism in the Global North. While vegan products are sold to consumers as environmentally conscious alternatives to meat and dairy, the world's largest producers of such products are rapacious, ecologically destructive, and exploitive of populations in the Global South. The authors argue that a turn toward socialist veganism can advance the goals of decommodifying and democratizing our food system.
The Senegal Delta and Global Capitalism
Authors: Omodeo Pietro Daniel
Published: February 2024

As Pietro Daniel Omodeo observes in this review, "environmental politics cannot be separated from political decision-making." Using the example of the Senegal delta, as explored in Maura Benegiamo's La terra dentro il capitale, Omodeo shows that the neocolonial "Great Expropriation of the global commons" is underway in the Global South, with grim ecological and social consequences for those living in the delta.
Perbandingan Nilai Indeks Kesehatan Ekosistem Lamun antara Perairan di Pantai Prawean Bandengan dengan Pulau Panjang
Authors: Nashih Muhammad Dhiaulhaq Fakhruddin , Pratikto Ibnu , Riniatsih Ita
Published: February 2024

Ekosistem lamun memegang peranan penting sebagai produsen primer, tempat pemijahan, tempat tinggal biota perangkap sedimen, serta penahan erosi. Kondisi kesehatan lamun menjadi penting berdasarkan perannya tersebut. Indeks kesehatan lamun dapat memberikan informasi yang merepresentasikan kondisi ekosistem lamun yang meliputi komposisi spesies lamun, tutupan lamun, tutupan makroalga, tutupan epifit, dan intensitas cahaya perairan. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini sebagai informasi perbandingan kondisi indeks kesehatan lamun yang ada pada perairan Pantai Prawean dengan Pulau Panjang. Teknik sampling pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode transek garis yang pada pelaksanaannya menggunakan transek kuadran berukuran 50 x 50 cm yang dilakukan pada dua stasiun di setiap lokasinya dan terdapat tiga line transek pada setiap stasiunnya. Beberapa spesies lamun yang terlihat di lokasi adalah Enhalus acoroides, Oceana serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu nilai indeks kesehatan ekosistem lamun di Pulau Panjang adalah 0,62 dengan kategori sedang dan di Pantai Prawean adalah 0,5 dengan kategori buruk. The seagrass ecosystem plays an important role as a primary producer, a spawning ground, a habitat for sediment-trapping biota, and erosion control. The health condition of seagrass is crucial based on its roles. The seagrass health index can provide information representing the condition of the seagrass ecosystem in the area. The purpose of this study is to compare the seagrass health index values between the waters of Pantai Prawean and Pulau Panjang. The sampling technique in this study was conducted using the LIPI line transect method, which used 50 x 50 cm quadrat transects at two stations in each location, and there were three line transects at each station. Some seagrass species observed at the location were Enhalus acoroides, Oceana serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea rotundata. The required variable data for calculating the seagrass health index value are the number of seagrass species, seagrass coverage, macroalgae coverage, epiphyte coverage, and water clarity. The results of this study showed that the seagrass ecological quality index (SEQI) in Pulau Panjang was 0.62 with a moderate category, while in Pantai Prawean, it was 0.5 with a poor category.
How to Be an Unsuccessful Ancient Philosophy Scholar in Uneasy Times: The Case of S. Lisiecki (1872-1960)
Authors: Mróz Tomasz
Published: February 2024

The paper provides a brief outline of the biography and works of Stanisław Lisiecki (1872–1960), a little-known Polish classics scholar, who is remembered only, if at all, as a translator of Plato’s Republic. In his early fifties, having given up his career as a Catholic priest, he started working in the field of classics and managed to publish several minor works on Plato in Polish and Latin. His decision to abandon the clergy was not welcomed by many members of the Polish academia and most of his translations of Plato and Aristotle remained unpublished. His renderings of Plato could not compete with the highly accessible translations made by W. Witwicki, which were becoming increasingly popular at that time. Furthermore, Lisiecki’s translations of Aristotle, despite the pioneering nature of his undertaking, met with strong criticism at various university seminars.
Acute inspiratory resistance training enhances endothelium‐dependent dilation and retrograde shear rate in healthy young adults
Authors: Tavoian Dallin , Mazzone Josie L. , Craighead Daniel H. , Bailey E. Fiona
Published: February 2024

Inspiratory resistance training (IRT) yields significant reductions in resting blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function. Our objective was to quantify the acute effects of IRT on brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and shear rates (SRs) in healthy men and women. Twenty young adults (22.9 ± 3.4 years; 10 male, 10 female) completed a single bout of IRT or Rest condition in a randomized crossover design. Brachial artery FMD was performed before, 10 min after, and 40 min after the assigned condition. Brachial artery blood flow velocities were collected during IRT, separated by breathing cycle phase, and converted into SRs. FMD improved 10 min post‐IRT (+1.86 ± 0.61%; p = 0.025) but returned to baseline by 40 min post‐IRT (p = 0.002). Anterograde SR decreased by 10% and retrograde SR increased 102% during resisted inspiration, relative to baseline SR (p < 0.001). Anterograde SR increased by 7% in men and women (p < 0.001) and retrograde SR decreased by 12% in women but not men (p = 0.022) during unresisted expiration, relative to baseline SR. A single bout of IRT elicits a transient enhancement in FMD in both men and women. Acute IRT‐related enhancements in SRs may contribute to sustained improvements in FMD that have been reported previously.
In vitro, in vivo metabolism and quantification of the novel synthetic opioid N-piperidinyl etonitazene (etonitazepipne)
Authors: Berardinelli Diletta , Taoussi Omayema , Carlier Jeremy , Tini Anastasio , Zaami Simona , Sundermann Tom , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Auwärter Volker
Published: February 2024

Objectives

N-piperidinyl etonitazene (etonitazepipne) is a newly synthesized opioid related to the 2-benzylbenzimidazole analog class. Etonitazepipne has been formally notified and placed under intensive monitoring in Europe in January 2022. Nitazenes have high affinity at µ-opioid receptor (MOR). Etonitazepipne, specifically shows a EC50 of 2.49 nM, suggesting about 50 times higher potency combined with higher efficacy compared to morphine. Antinociceptive potency l (‘hot plate test’ with rats) was 192-fold greater than that of morphine.

Methods

Here we report on a post-mortem case involving etonitazepipne and its quantification using a standard addition method (SAM) through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, characterization and identification of phase I human metabolites using in vitro assay based on pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) was performed along with the analysis of authentic urine samples by means of high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS).

Results

The concentration of etonitazepipne in post-mortem blood and urine was 8.3 and 11 ng/mL, respectively. SAM was validated by assessing the following parameters: intraday and interday repeatability, matrix effect and recovery rate in post-mortem blood. A total of 20 and 14 metabolites were identified after pHLM incubation and urine analysis, respectively. Most pronounced in vitro and in vivo transformations were O-deethylation, hydroxylation, ketone reduction, and combinations thereof.

Conclusions

Considering small traces of the parent drug often found in real cases, the identification of metabolic biomarkers is crucial to identify exposure to this drug. O-deethylated, oxidated metabolites, and combination thereof are proposed as urinary biomarkers along with the parent compound.
MetaLo: metabolic analysis of Logical models extracted from molecular interaction maps
Authors: Aghakhani Sahar , Niarakis Anna , Soliman Sylvain
Published: February 2024

Molecular interaction maps (MIMs) are static graphical representations depicting complex biochemical networks that can be formalized using one of the Systems Biology Graphical Notation languages. Regardless of their extensive coverage of various biological processes, they are limited in terms of dynamic insights. However, MIMs can serve as templates for developing dynamic computational models. We present MetaLo, an open-source Python package that enables the coupling of Boolean models inferred from process description MIMs with generic core metabolic networks. MetaLo provides a framework to study the impact of signaling cascades, gene regulation processes, and metabolic flux distribution of central energy production pathways. MetaLo computes the Boolean model’s asynchronous asymptotic behavior, through the identification of trap-spaces, and extracts metabolic constraints to contextualize the generic metabolic network. MetaLo is able to handle large-scale Boolean models and genome-scale metabolic models without requiring kinetic information or manual tuning. The framework behind MetaLo enables in depth analysis of the regulatory model, and may allow tackling a lack of omics data in poorly addressed biological fields to contextualize generic metabolic networks along with improper automatic reconstructions of cell- and/or disease-specific metabolic networks. MetaLo is available at https://pypi.org/project/metalo/ under the terms of the GNU General Public License v3.
Terahertz metamaterials for light-driven magnetism
Authors: Pancaldi Matteo , Vavassori Paolo , Bonetti Stefano
Published: February 2024

We describe the design of two types of metamaterials aimed at enhancing terahertz field pulses that can be used to control the magnetic state in condensed matter systems. The first structure is a so-called “dragonfly” antenna, able to realize a five-fold enhancement of the impinging terahertz magnetic field, while preserving its broadband features. For currently available state-of-the-art table top sources, this leads to peak magnetic fields exceeding 1 T. The second structure is an octopole antenna aimed at enhancing a circularly-polarized terahertz electric field, while preserving its polarization state. We obtain a five-fold enhancement of the electric field, hence expected to exceed the 1 MV/cm peak amplitude. Both our structures can be readily fabricated on top of virtually any material.
Multiscale characterization of the UV aging resistance and mechanism of light stabilizer-modified asphalt
Authors: Zhao Wensheng , Fang Guotao , Qin Xiao , Mao Jie
Published: February 2024

To clarify the effect and mechanism of hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) on the UV aging behavior of asphalt binder, T622-HALS was selected as the modifier for UV aging resistance of asphalt. The physicochemical properties and microstructure of T622 light stabilizer were comprehensively analyzed. The light stabilizer-modified asphalt was prepared and placed in the UV radiation chamber for UV aging treatment. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope were used to analyze the microscopic morphology evolution of light stabilizer-modified asphalt induced by UV radiation. The thermal properties and functional group composition changes in light stabilizer-modified asphalt during UV aging were studied by using the thermogravimetric and infrared spectroscopy combined testing system. The decay laws of the physical and rheological performances of light stabilizer-modified asphalt were studied during UV aging process, and the effect of light stabilizer on the UV aging behavior of asphalt binder was clarified. The research results indicated that HALSs could alleviate the microcracks and roughness change on the surface of asphalt and reduce the content of functional groups such as carbonyl and sulfoxide in asphalt. Furthermore, HALS could reduce the value difference of physical and rheological properties of asphalt before and after UV aging, significantly improving the UV aging resistance of asphalt binder.
Informal Network as a Coping Strategy in the Climate–Livestock Relationship
Authors: Otrachshenko Vladimir , Iliyas Sana , Alimukhamedova Nargiza
Published: February 2024

Traditions and culture affect decisions in many daily life aspects, including family, labor market, business, and social life activities. The focus of this article is on Uzbekistan, a country that has a legacy of the Soviet past but also maintains its own traditions. Specifically, we focus on an informal network of people with common interests, known as the gap. In this article we examine whether households participating in the gap react to adverse shocks differently compared to households that do not belong to this network. We focus on the impact of climate shocks, one of the most prominent problems in Uzbekistan. In particular, we study whether climate conditions lead to differences in livestock assets across households in Uzbekistan and explore the climate–livestock relationship for members and non-members of the gap. The results suggest that households participating in the gap are more risk averse compared to other households. That is, in a place with a high risk of climate shocks, the gap members have lower livestock assets. At the same time, if in a current year, weather conditions improve—that is, there is more rainfall—members of the gap are able to increase their livestock assets in comparison with non-members.
Mitigating Disruption from Global Increment Price of Material in Car Manufacture Industry: Analysis of Supply Chain Business Process Analysis, and Process Re-Engineering
Authors: Dzulqarnain Oky , Nurmala Nurmala
Published: February 2024

The existence of raw materials is crucial for Car Manufacturers and their suppliers in the production process. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the global economy and led to a global increase in material prices. This has had a significant impact on production costs and the competitiveness of companies. In order to maintain competitiveness, companies need to implement the appropriate supply chain management strategies. This research utilizes the SCOR Framework and BPMN to evaluate and enhance the supply chain operations performance in Car Manufacturing companies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current supply chain performance and provide recommendations for the appropriate supply chain business processes in addressing the phenomenon of global material price increases. This research is conducted through qualitative and exploratory quantitative methods using the SCOR framework and BPMN. The research findings indicate that the supply chain performance is still lacking in the procurement area. Therefore, business process re-engineering needs to be conducted by transforming the current supplier-led raw material purchasing into self-purchase by the Car Manufacturer. The recommendation for the new business process is for the Car Manufacturer to directly purchase the raw materials for the supplier's needs, thereby eliminating the handling fee charged by the supplier.
La imagen de san Francisco y la alteración del testimonio. Acerca del discurso legitimador de la identidad visual capuchina en la Europa moderna
Authors: Pérez Morales José Carlos
Published: February 2024

La hagiografía de san Francisco de Asís ha sido una fuente casi inagotable para las manifestaciones visuales de su vida. Aunque existía una literatura oficial que establecía los cánones de su representación, esta se fue tornando autónoma y, en casos, contraria al decoro aprobado. Un jalón determinante fue la Orden de los Capuchinos. Fundada en 1528, se consideraba heredera de los espirituales del primer franciscanismo. Con el fin de salvar esta distancia secular, los Capuchinos urdieron un sistema visual para legitimarse a través de una “nueva” la imagen del santo. La apropiación de atributos y la adulteración de la más famosa de sus escenas –la estigmatización– serán algunos de los recursos empleados. Sus plasmaciones no van a estar exentas de polémica, llegando a ser peligrosamente alteradas en base a la controversia sensorial de la crisis de la visión que se desarrollará en el amplio y poliédrico contexto de la Europa moderna.
Forjando una identidad: autoimagen y conciencia artística en los primeros grabados de Josefa de Óbidos
Authors: Ripollés Carmen
Published: February 2024

Este ensayo examina la construcción de una identidad artística en los dos primeros grabados de la pintora portuguesa nacida en Sevilla Josefa de Óbidos (1630-1684), completados en 1646, uno de ellos con seguridad en Coimbra. Los dos grabados nos ofrecen valiosos datos sobre la formación artística temprana de Josefa de Óbidos, sus ambiciones profesionales y su autoimagen artística, destacando el papel de las mujeres artistas que la precedieron y la importancia de los contextos artísticos y sociales de Sevilla y Coimbra. Al utilizar el grabado, además, la pintora comparte la estrategia y ambición de otras artistas mujeres de la edad temprana que se esforzaron por asegurar la supervivencia de su nombre y de su fama a través de este medio. Por último, los grabados sugieren la voluntad de la pintora por atraer un mecenazgo real, participando así activamente en la nueva cultura artística y política de la Restauración Portuguesa.
Confabulaciones en torno al arcabuz: retornos angelicales y reflujos apócrifos en Demian Schopf y Juan Domingo Dávila
Authors: Veraguas Caripan Ignacio
Published: February 2024

El artículo aborda el empleo alegórico (Benjamin) del prototipo del ángel arcabucero, representación pictórica virreinal andina propia del siglo XVII, en dos artistas chilenos contemporáneos, con énfasis en las referencias cruzadas que conjura (Jáuregui) la imagen. Para este propósito situamos la serie fotográfica La revolución silenciosa (2001-2002) de Demian Schopf en diálogo con la obra gráfica Portrait of Bungaree (1991) de Juan Domingo Dávila. A partir de una lectura en detalle de cada una de las obras, proponemos que el común de la androginia y el travestismo elaborado alegóricamente en el ángel evidencia el componente político de las imágenes. Finalmente, se propone que la incongruencia temporal y la mixtura icónica puede ser leída a partir de la posición del “testigo barroco” (Bolívar Echeverría), es decir, en una mirada que habita el litigio en lugar de comulgar con una testificación acabada.
Beating and Hygrostability of Paper
Authors:   PAPERMAKING INSTITUTE, TECHNICAL COLLEGE, DARMSTADT, Brecht Walter
Published: February 2024

The body material of paper is the vegetable fibre. Consisting mainly of cellulose, which because of its chemical character shows high hygroscopicity, the fibres enable the paper to take up water in its liquid phase, as well as in its vapour phase. The moisture content of the paper resulting from such absorption depends on the relative humidity and on the temperature of the surrounding air, on the composition (furnish) of the paper, on the manufacturing processes such as drying, also on the beating of the stock. These correlations are described. Combined with changes in the moisture content are changes in the paper dimensions: their size is essentially given by the shrinkage of the paper during drying. As far as this shrinking is concerned, beating of the paper stock plays an important role. A special effect of dimensional instability is cockling. The paper deals with the theories put forward by several authors who have investigated these correlations. It closes with some results obtained by using a new apparatus for measuring the hydrostability and the hygrostability of papers.
Performance of Febrile Infant Decision Tools on Hypothermic Infants Evaluated for Infection
Authors: Westphal Kathryn , Adib Hania , Doraiswamy Vignesh , Basiago Kevin , Lee Jennifer , Banker Sumeet L. , Morrison John , McCartor Saylor , Berger Stephanie , Schmit Erinn O. , Van Meurs Annalise , Mitchell Meredith , Lee Clifton , Wood Julie K. , Tapp Lauren G. , Kunkel Deborah , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Potisek Nicholas M. ,   Hypothermic Young Infant Research Collaborative
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Given the lack of evidence-based guidelines for hypothermic infants, providers may be inclined to use febrile infant decision-making tools to guide management decisions. Our objective was to assess the diagnostic performance of febrile infant decision tools for identifying hypothermic infants at low risk of bacterial infection.

METHODS

We conducted a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of hypothermic (≤36.0 C) infants ≤90 days of age presenting to the emergency department or inpatient unit among 9 participating sites between September 1, 2016 and May 5, 2021. Well-appearing infants evaluated for bacterial infections via laboratory testing were included. Infants with complex chronic conditions or premature birth were excluded. Performance characteristics for detecting serious bacterial infection (SBI; urinary tract infection, bacteremia, bacterial meningitis) and invasive bacterial infection (IBI; bacteremia, bacterial meningitis) were calculated for each tool.

RESULTS

Overall, 314 infants met the general inclusion criteria, including 14 cases of SBI (4.5%) and 7 cases of IBI (2.2%). The median age was 5 days, and 68.1% of the infants (214/314) underwent a full sepsis evaluation. The Philadelphia, Boston, IBI Score, and American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline did not misclassify any SBI or IBI as low risk; however, they had low specificity and positive predictive value. Rochester and Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network tools misclassified infants with bacterial infections.

CONCLUSIONS

Several febrile infant decision tools were highly sensitive, minimizing missed SBIs and IBIs in hypothermic infants. However, the low specificity of these decision tools may lead to unnecessary testing, antimicrobial exposure, and hospitalization.
Granulometría del suelo en zonas de pendiente. Comparación de métodos de determinación
Authors: Rodriguez Acosta Daniel , Lobo Luján Deyanira , Torrente Trujillo Armando
Published: February 2024

La distribución del tamaño de partículas (DTP) es una propiedad física relevante de los suelos, ya que de ella depende el comportamiento físico, su relación con otras propiedades y su utilidad como parámetro en funciones de pedotransferencia (PTF). El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar los métodos de Bouyoucos y Bouyoucos modificado (Bouyoucos-Day), para cuantificar la distribución de tamaño de partículas en suelos de una ladera ubicada en el municipio de la Plata, vereda Lusitania, departamento del Huila, Colombia. Para ello se estudiaron 6 zonas de una misma ladera; en cada una se tomaron al azar 4 muestras disturbadas de suelo (24 sitios de muestreo), las cuales fueron analizadas utilizando los métodos de Bouyoucos y Bouyoucos-Day, teniendo en cuenta que la principal diferencia radica en los tiempos de las lecturas con el hidrómetro seguido de la toma de temperatura de la suspensión, así como el uso de diferentes factores de corrección. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo considerando un diseño factorial, con dos niveles (métodos). Igualmente, el análisis se hizo según la posición que ocupa en la ladera, con 6 niveles (cultivo, alta degradada, media 1, media 2, media 3 y baja). Los resultados permitieron evidenciar diferencias significativas en los contenidos de arcilla y arenas; además se presentaron mayores contenidos de arcilla con el método de Bouyoucos en todas las muestras de suelo. Se presentó mayor contenido de limo por el método de Bouyoucos-Day en una gran cantidad de muestras de suelo, sin diferencias significativas, atribuible a la necesidad de un mayor tiempo para sedimentar los limos en suspensión, el cual fue limitado a 2 horas en el método de Bouyoucos. Tal diferencia causa cambios en la clase textural, lo que afecta la toma de decisiones en la estimación de las propiedades del suelo y de los procesos que incluye esta propiedad fundamental.
Cambio climático y variabilidad espacio-temporal (serie 1980-2020) de la temperatura en Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Urrego Pereira Yenny Fernanda , García Lozano Jairo , Vega Jhon Jairo , Rodriguez Valencia Alexa Valentina , Quesada Ortíz Nataly
Published: February 2024

El cambio climático es uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta la humanidad y desde ahora se deben tomar acciones para disminuir sus impactos sobre el medio natural, los sistemas agricolas y la vida futura en el planeta. En la presente investigación se analizó la variación espacio-temporal de la temperatura del aire en el Tolima, Colombia, con el fin de detectar tendencias que evidencien cambio climático y modificaciones en la clasificación climática de Köppen en el departamento. En este trabajo se utilizó una base de datos climatológica integrada por 37 estaciones gestionadas por el Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM). La base de datos se dividió en dos series de tiempo: (1980-1999) y (2000-2020) y se analizó la temperatura, considerando épocas secas y lluviosas y las fases Niño-Niña-Neutro del fenómeno ENSO, con el propósito de identificar patrones de diferencia en la temperatura y clasificación climática entre las series de tiempo. Luego, las tasas de aumento de la temperatura del aire identificadas en zonas particulares del Tolima fueron utilizadas para la construcción de modelos de estimación de la temperatura para los próximos 20 años. El análisis mostró que el 55 % de las estaciones presentan tendencia de aumento de la temperatura, y para los próximos 20 años se proyecta un aumento de la temperatura entre 0.08 °C y 3.25 °C. Este aumento sería más acelerado e intenso que lo previsto por el IDEAM, para el peor escenario se daría un forzamiento radiactivo de 8 W m-2 día-1. Por otra parte, la clasificación de Köppen no cambió para las dos series de tiempo 1980-99 y 2000-20, y tampoco para la serie proyectada 2020-40. Sin embargo, el incremento de la temperatura observado y proyectado sugiere aumento de las tasas de evaporación que podrían aumentar la vulnerabilidad a sequías e incendios forestales en el Tolima.