bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia: four decades of development
Authors: Madan Vikas , Koeffler H. Phillip
Published: October 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by arrested differentiation, and agents that overcome this block are therapeutically useful, as shown by the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the early promise of differentiation therapy did not translate into clinical benefit for other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia, in which cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens remained the standard of care. Recent advances, including insights from sequencing of acute myeloid leukemia genomes, have led to the development of targeted therapies, comprising agents that induce differentiation of leukemic cells in preclinical models and clinical trials, thus rejuvenating interest in differentiation therapy. These agents act on various cellular processes including dysregulated metabolic programs, signaling pathways, epigenetic machinery and the cell cycle. In particular, inhibitors of mutant IDH1/2 and FLT3 have shown clinical benefit, leading to approval by regulatory bodies of their use. Besides the focus on recently approved differentiation therapies, this review also provides an overview of differentiation- inducing agents being tested in clinical trials or investigated in preclinical research. Combinatorial strategies are currently being tested for several agents (inhibitors of KDM1A, DOT1L, BET proteins, histone deacetylases), which were not effective in clinical studies as single agents, despite encouraging anti-leukemic activity observed in preclinical models. Overall, recently approved drugs and new investigational agents being developed highlight the merits of differentiation therapy; and ongoing studies promise further advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the near future.
Unkarin aikuiskasvatuksen teoreettisia ja käytännöllisiä lähtökohtia
Authors: Tuomisto Jukka
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa esitellään Unkarin aikuiskasvatuksen asemaa yliopistollisena oppiaineena, tutkimusalueena ja käytännön toimintamuotona. Lisäksi selvitetään aikuiskasvatuksen peruskäsitteistöä ja niitä jatkuvan kasvatuksen periaatteita, jotka on otettu koulutussuunnittelun lähtökohdaksi. Siinä vertaillaan myös lyhyesti Unkarin ja Suomen aikuiskasvatusjärjestelmien historiallista taustaa, nykyistä organisaatiota sekä osallistujamääriä toisiinsa.
Työelämän koulutuksen asema työvoiman kvalifikaatioiden kehittämisessä
Authors: Tuomisto Jukka
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa käsitellään työvoiman kvalifikaatioiden tuottamista kokonaisvaltaisesti. Siinä analysoidaan, mikä asema eri tasoisella koulutuksella, kokemuksella ja työelämän suunnittelu-, tutkimus- ja kehittämistoiminnalla on kvalifikaatioiden kehittämisessä. Työelämän koulutuksen osalta tarkastellaan työnantajien, valtiovallan ja palkansaajajärjestöjen asemaa ja tehtäviä tässä toiminnassa. Lopuksi todetaan, että työelämän koulutuksen teorian kehittämisen täytyisi lähteä työelämän kehityksen kokonaisvaltaisesta tarkastelusta ja eri intressiryhmien tehtävien ja tavoitteiden analysoinnista.
O direito à educação na Constituição Cidadã (1988): a luz dos artigos 6º, 205, 206 e 208
Authors: Santos Lara Laíse dos , Vieira Maria Alveni Barros , Marques Márcia Maria Mendes , Sousa Harlon Homem de Lacerda , Duque Adauto Neto Fonseca
Published: October 2020

O trabalho versa sobre a Constituição Federal de 1988 como princípio norteador para leis que regem a educação no estado brasileiro. O objetivo é abordar a educação como forma de direito social a partir de 4 dispositivos constitucionais (art. 6º, art. 205, art. 206, art. 208), bem como compreendê-la como direito fundamental que depende da cidadania para sua concretização. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo os dados coletados a partir da análise documental-bibliográfica que fundamentam a compreensão e interpretação dos artigos constitucionais. Percebemos que a legislação educacional na Constituição sistematiza dispositivos que dão embasamento para projetos e leis específicas que garantem a promoção da educação e da cidadania. Além disso, a concretização dos artigos constitucionais carece dos cidadãos que conhecem direitos e deveres para atingir objetivos coletivos. Portanto, é preciso que cada cidadão de forma individual e coletiva se disponha a entender a legislação e aproximar-se dos mecanismos que dão visibilidade as exigências para o real funcionamento legal de uma sociedade como a brasileira.
Influence of different photoinitiators on the resistance of union in bovine enamel: an in vitro study
Authors: Campos Paulo Ricardo Barros de , Serrano Lizandra Esper , Câmara João Victor Frazão , Gregorio Renata Aguiar Costa Di Leta , Rytholz Raquel , Basílio Marcelo dos Santos , Pierote Josué Junior Araujo , Groisman Sonia , Barreto Suelem Chasse , Pereira Gisele Damiana da Silveira
Published: October 2020

To evaluate the action of photoinitiators on the microtensile resistance of adhesive systems and resins composed in bovine enamel. Forty dental fragments, with flat and smooth enamel surfaces, obtained from the coronary buccal face of healthy bovine incisors, were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the different adhesive systems and composite resins used: Group 1- Ambar APS + Vittra APS; Group 2- Ambar APS + Opallis; Group 3- Ambar + Vittra APS; Group 4- Ambar + Opallis. After composite restoration, the samples were sectioned to obtain toothpicks that were subjected to the microtensile test (1.0 mm/min). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences between groups (p <0.05). Values ​​in MPa were: G1- 18.58 MPaa; G2 - 19.83 MPaa; G3- 19.87 MPaa; G4- 20.99 MPaa. The result of the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences due to the adhesive (Ambar Universal- 19.58 MPaa, Ambar APS Universal- 19.87 MPaa) and the composite resin used (Vittra APS- 19.52 MPAa, Opallis - 20.56 MPAa). The use of different photoinitiators in the composition of adhesive systems and restorative composites did not influence their adhesive resistance values ​​due to the standardization of the factors that influence their cure pattern.
Sala de Aula Invertida e TDIC na Educação Básica: Revisão sistemática e proposta
Authors: Tavares Amanda Caroline Damasceno , Barreto Cephas Alves da Silveira , Pereira Thauanny Kyssy Ramos , Nascimento Francisco Italo Silva do , Costa Song Jong Márcio Simioni da , Martins Selma Alas
Published: October 2020

Ante as constantes transformações sociais trazidas pelas tecnologias, a educação necessita de inovações. As Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), por mais que permeiem tais transformações, ainda não estão inseridas de modo significativo na escola. As Metodologias Ativas, sobretudo se associadas às TDIC, têm o potencial de transformar a maneira de ensinar e, sobretudo, de aprender. Diante deste cenário, este trabalho apresentou uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura sobre a Metodologia Sala de Aula Invertida (MSAI) com foco na educação básica, bem como uma proposta de modelo para uso de TDIC como suporte à MSAI. Os resultados apontaram que a produção sobre MSAI na educação básica é pouco explorada na prática.
As tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras – estudo de caso de escola da Rede Federal de Ensino – CE/Brasil - em contexto anterior ao da pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Monteiro Francisca Natália Sampaio Pinheiro
Published: October 2020

Este artigo aborda alguns aspectos gerais das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) no ensino de língua estrangeira, mais precisamente, o seu uso como estratégia do processo de ensino e aprendizagem no ensino de inglês e espanhol, no âmbito de dois campi de uma escola pública da Rede Federal de ensino do estado do Ceará – Brasil, antes da Pandemia de Covid19 e da instauração do ensino remoto na referida instituição. Incluiu-se na análise se o uso de TICs é considerado pelos docentes como importante contributo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, bem como a identificação das ferramentas tecnológicas utilizadas na prática docente. Buscou-se reconhecer também os possíveis entraves para um maior emprego desses recursos nas práticas educacionais. Evidenciou-se que, embora os docentes apontem como relevante a inserção das TICs em sua prática de ensino para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, tal uso revela-se aquém face à evolução tecnológica diária em que todos estão imersos. A maior parte dos docentes diz fazer uso de novas tecnologias com pouca regularidade em sala de aula. Justificaram esse uso com os seguintes fatores: precariedade da infraestrutura física da instituição, que não apresenta um bom acesso à Internet; problemas socioeconômicos, pois alguns alunos não dispõem de Internet em suas residências; falta de formação docente, que impossibilita uma exploração de uma maior diversidade desses recursos; sobrecarga de trabalho do professor, que, muitas vezes, não se vê motivado, nem com tempo para incorporar à sua prática as TICs.
Isotopic characterization of lifetime movement by two demersal fishes from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Vecchio JL , Ostroff JL , Peebles EB
Published: October 2020

An understanding of lifetime trophic changes and ontogenetic habitat shifts is essential to the preservation of marine fish species. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) recorded within the laminar structure of fish eye lenses, reflecting both diet and location over time, to compare the lifetime trends of 2 demersal mesopredators. TilefishLopholatilus chamaeleonticepsinhabit burrows on the outer continental shelf, which results in exceptional site fidelity. Red grouperEpinephelus morioare spawned on the middle to outer continental shelf, move to the inner shelf for the juvenile period, and return offshore upon sexual maturity. Both species inhabit the eastern Gulf of Mexico, a region with a distinctive offshore-inshore gradient in background δ13C values. Within individual tilefish (n = 36), sequences of δ13C values and δ15N values had strong, positive correlations with eye-lens diameter, and strong correlations between the 2 isotopes (mean Spearman r = 0.86), reflecting an increase in trophic position with growth and little lifetime movement. In red grouper (n = 30), δ15N values positively correlated with eye-lens diameter, but correlations between δ15N and δ13C were weak (mean Spearman r = 0.29), suggesting cross-shelf ontogenetic movements. Linear mixed model results indicated strong relationships between δ15N and δ13C values in tilefish eye lenses but no convergence in the red grouper model. Collectively, these results are consistent with previously established differences in the life histories of the 2 species, demonstrating the potential utility of eye-lens isotope records, particularly for investigating the life histories of lesser-known species.
"Pedagogy of Conversion" in the Urban Margins: Pacification, Education, and the Struggle for Control in a Rio de Janeiro Favela
Authors: Koenders Sara
Published: October 2020

In this article, I make an empirical contribution to the scholarship on education in urban settings that are affected by militarized policing and illicit drug markets. I offer insights into the role education played in the Pacifying Police Units (UPPs), a pacification project in Rio de Janeiro favelas. Rio State authorities began to install UPPs in 2008 in an effort to regain control over favelas dominated by drug-trafficking groups and marked by high levels of violence. In this paper, which is based on an ethnographic case study I conducted between 2008 and 2015, I discuss the UPPs' struggle to gain the allegiance of favela residents. I focus in particular on police involvement in public primary schools and nonformal education geared toward young children living in the favelas that were part of the UPP project. Looking at one primary question—How does pacification influence education and what does this mean for local perceptions of police?—I reveal how the UPPs brought on the further militarization of education in Rio's favelas and show how paradoxical police practices in the urban margins may actually perpetuate the violence they are intended to combat.
Post-Truth as Ethical Crisis with the Misuse of Social Media
Authors: Neupane Madhusudan
Published: October 2020

Post-Truth is a novice concept and it has developed as a radical ideology of post modernization. Post truth has emphasized on political, economic, social, cultural and technological aspects of power holders and its hegemony toward the poor nation. Power holders are misusing all forms of media including social media. Facebook, Twitter/Instagram/ Youtube/Whatsapp etc are especially misused to extend the power of regime. Post-truth prioritizes on disinformation for manipulating the perceptions of the people throughout the world. Social media has accused of misusing secret information. Accuracy, Balance and Credibility are no more in information. Social Media cannot play the role of watchdog of society. It cannot fulfill its duty as a gatekeeper. Media has to promote as a mirror of society but in post-truth ideology, it may not be acceptable in all conditions. In fact, it will destroy the professional standard.
What Are You? Multiracial Identity Development
Authors: Reilly-Sandoval Arlene F.
Published: October 2020

Race is a social construct, allowing humans to categorize and organize themselves and others based on physical appearance. In the U.S., the dominant population has historically used these categories to oppress and marginalize people of color. Nevertheless, in the post-Civil Rights era, it has become more common for couples of different races to have children. In the 2000 U.S. Census, individuals were able to identify as multiracial for the first time, and over 6 million people did so. By the 2010 U.S. Census, this number had increased to 9 million people. The increase of biracial or multiracial people in the U.S. has important implications for social work practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. How multiracial people come to understand themselves, how society views people who are multiracial, and the effect on social policy are all different areas that could affect social work practice. This study explored the experience of multiracial university students, a subsection of the larger population of multiracial people in the U.S. This was an action research study regarding the development of racial identity in a group of university students who are multiracial, as well as the development of advocacy strategies to encourage awareness of multiracial people in the larger university community. Seven university students in a mid-sized, western state university participated in this study and completed a Photo Voice project to raise awareness of the multiracial student population at the university. This study seeks to expand the knowledge base of multiracial identity development and inform social work practice with this population.
Den kluvna klienten
Authors: Sahlin Ingrid
Published: October 2020

Flyktingar, socialbidragstagare och arbetslösa är exempel på grupper som ofta beskrivs i två moraliskt polariserade bilder, har kallade "stackare" och "skurk". Artikeln är ett försök att beskriva, tolka och förklara dessa stereotyper, visa på deras historiska kontinuitet och diskutera deras varierande utbredning.
Ger minskad offentlig omsorg varmare relationer?
Authors: Szebehely Marta
Published: October 2020

I denna artikel granskas förhållandet mellan formell och informell omsorg om äldre människor i Sverige och Storbritannien. Två frågor står i centrum: För det första, finns det något samband mellan omfattningen av den formella äldreomsorgen och de anhörigas praktiska hjälpinsatser? För det andra, om det nu är så att anhöriga ger mindre praktisk hjälp om den formella omsorgen är mer omfattande, betyder det också att de bryr sig mindre om sina gamla släktingar och t.ex. träffar dem mer sällan?
Mortalitet bland fosterbarn som placerats före tonåren
Authors: Vinnerljung Bo
Published: October 2020

Mortalitet - "den slutgiltiga variabeln" - är oundvikbar i studier av utsatta eller underprivilegierade populationer. Undersökningen i artikeln ingår i ett pågående forskningsprojekt om fosterbarns liv som vuxna (se Vlnnerljung, 1992). En av de första frågorna om vuxna fosterbarn blir följaktligen: är mortaliteten för denna grupp annorlunda än för normalbefolkningen? För att få svar har dödlighet för närmare 14 000 f d. fosterbarn, födda 1960-1973. undersökts för perioden 1969-1991.
Att undersöka hemlöshet Om en klassisk svensk hemlöshetsundersökning
Authors: Swärd Hans
Published: October 2020

Att analysera historiska hemlöshetsundersökningar och de problem undersökarna ställts inför är ett sätt att få perspektiv på nutiden och kunna problematisera tidlösa forskningsproblem. I denna artikel presenteras en av de tidiga svenska hemlöshetsundersökningarna som genomfördes då de sociala undersökarna började överge socialstatistiken för att i stället gå ut i verkligheten och undersöka dem som hade det sämst i samhället.
Den Sönderfallande Staden - en problemdiskussion med intemationella utblickar
Authors: Öresjö Eva
Published: October 2020

Med en tilltagande hårdsegregering av våra storskaliga förortsområden tillika med en hög och strukturellt betingad arbetslöshet närmar sig svensk stadsuppbyggnad den situation, som råder i andra av västvärldens industrinationer. Med hjälp av internationella utblickar diskuteras konsekvenserna av detta, samtidigt som författaren varnar för att sätta likhetstecken mellan utvecklingen i dessa länder.
Om hemlösa kvinnor i Köpenhamn
Authors: Järvinen Margaretha
Published: October 2020

I artikeln skall de hemlösas kvinnornas situation beskrivas och analyseras. Kvinnorna är nästan helt osynliga i tidigare hemlöshetsundersökningar. Håller det på att ske en feminisering av hemlösheten? Hur ser livsvillkoren ut för de kvinnliga hemlösa? Vilken behandling får de?
Politik för jämställdhet? Offentlig sektors betydelse för kvinnors ställning på svensk arbetsmarknad
Authors: Svensson Lars
Published: October 2020

Den svenska välfärdsstaten har bidragit till att skapa ett specifikt system för kvinnors etablering på arbetsmarknaden. Detta har lett till en mycket hög sysselsättningsgrad för kvinnor men också till en ny form av kvinnlig underordning på arbetsmarknaden. Den möjlighet som givits många kvinnor att förena yrkesarbete med familjeansvar har haft sitt pris. Den har samtidigt underhållit och forstärkt mekanismer för diskriminering på arbetsmarknaden, som drabbar kvinnor i allmänhet.
Alkohol - är det något för ekonomer?
Authors: Berggren Fredrik , Lindgren Björn
Published: October 2020

Artikeln gör en översiktlig genomgång av ekonomisk vetenskaps applicering på bruket av alkohol. En indelning görs i traditionell efterfrågeanalys, rationellt beroende, skatter och andra alkoholpolitiska åtgärder, samhällsekonomiska kostnader samt ekonomiska utvärderingar. Avslutningsvis kommenteras det bidrag ekonomisk analys kan ge till policybeslut samt diskuteras framtida perspektiv för den ekonomiska forskningen inom detta område.
Att utreda föräldraskap Om modem institutionsvård för bam
Authors: Sallnäs Marie
Published: October 2020

Institutionsvården för barn och ungdomar har genomgått stora förändringar vad gäller såväl omfattning som innehåll. I artikeln analyseras behandlingspraktiken vid en institution som tar emot familjer där barnens situation uppmärksammats av socialtjänsten och där institutionsvistelsen används till att utreda föräldrarnas förmåga till omsorg om sina barn. Den centrala frågan är vad det innebär att göra dessa utredningar under institutionslivets villkor.
Fängelser, marknad, fria studier - skolans institutionella ansikten och utvecklingstendenser
Authors: Persson Anders
Published: October 2020

Den pliktreglerade obligatoriska skolan kan framstå som enhetlig därfar att den är gemensam. I det gemensamma finns emellertid olikheter. I artikeln tas tre i skolan verksamma motivationstyper upp till behandling: tvång, utbildningsberoende och kunskapsvilja. De blir synliga i tre elevkategorier; tre lärarroller och i tre olika institutionella skolansikten - men också i tre utvecklingstendenser inom skolan. På samma gång som tvåtredjedelsskolan, med sin samtidiga fängelse- och marknadskaraktar, växer fram, mobiliseras kunskapsviljan för att återerövra kunskapens mening inom skolan.
Research Status and Prospects on Plant Canopy Structure Measurement Using Visual Sensors Based on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Jizhang , Zhang Yun , Gu Rongrong
Published: October 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) plant canopy structure analysis is an important part of plant phenotype studies. To promote the development of plant canopy structure measurement based on 3D reconstruction, we reviewed the latest research progress achieved using visual sensors to measure the 3D plant canopy structure from four aspects, including the principles of 3D plant measurement technologies, the corresponding instruments and specifications of different visual sensors, the methods of plant canopy structure extraction based on 3D reconstruction, and the conclusion and promise of plant canopy measurement technology. In the current research phase on 3D structural plant canopy measurement techniques, the leading algorithms of every step for plant canopy structure measurement based on 3D reconstruction are introduced. Finally, future prospects for a standard phenotypical analytical method, rapid reconstruction, and precision optimization are described.
Improving the Quality of Turkey Meat via Storage Temperature, Packaging Atmosphere, and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oil Addition
Authors: Mahgoub Samir A. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Mulla Zohair S. , El-Ghareeb Waleed R. , Taha Ayman E. , Al-Ghadi Muath Q. , Alhimaidi Ahmad R. , Amran Ramzi A. , Almutairi Bader , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Swelum Ayman A.
Published: October 2020

The provision of plentiful good-quality food is a primary issue in the modern world. This work was planned to study the influence of packaging atmosphere and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil addition [(vacuum packaging: T1 or modified atmosphere packaging or T2 (CO2/N2 = 4:6) or T3, T2 with oregano essential oil (T2 + EO)] under various storage temperatures (0, 5, 10, and 15 °C) on the control of survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated spoilage flora in sliced smoked turkey meat. The pathogen increased by only <1.0 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/g under all packaging and temperature combinations. Moreover, T1, T2, and T3 exerted practically similar inhibitory activity against the pathogen and dominating bacteria, with a relatively low growth of E. coli O157:H7 in sliced smoked turkey during the shelf life under all storage regimes compared to the control. However, the pathogen survival was highest on the sliced smoked turkey under T1, decreasing by only 0.67, 0.74, 0.63, and 1.30 log CFU/g within 37 days if kept at 0, 5, 10, and 15 °C, respectively. Under T2 and the same condition, E. coli O157:H7 in the product declined by only 0.31, 0.50, 0.72, and 1.10 log CFU/g within 37 days of storage, respectively. In the T3 samples, the pathogen was reduced by only 0.33, 0.67, 1.72, and 3.46 log CFU/g through 37 days of storage, respectively. Under T3 were E. coli O157:H7 populations in smoked turkey eliminated (negative by enrichment) under all conditions (after 129, 95, 95, and 43 days maintained at 0, 5, 10, and 15 °C, respectively) compared with other packaging temperature combinations. Thus, T3 contributed to developing ready-to-eat smoked turkey with enhanced product quality and eliminating the pathogen.
Integrating Single-Step GWAS and Bipartite Networks Reconstruction Provides Novel Insights into Yearling Weight and Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Beef Cattle
Authors: Naserkheil Masoumeh , Bahrami Abolfazl , Lee Deukhwan , Mehrban Hossein
Published: October 2020

In recent years, studies on the biological mechanisms underlying complex traits have been facilitated by innovations in high-throughput genotyping technology. We conducted a weighted single-step genome-wide association study (WssGWAS) to evaluate backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area, marbling score, and yearling weight in a cohort of 1540 Hanwoo beef cattle using BovineSNP50 BeadChip. The WssGWAS uncovered thirty-three genomic regions that explained more than 1% of the additive genetic variance, mostly located on chromosomes 6 and 14. Among the identified window regions, seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) had pleiotropic effects and twenty-six QTL were trait-specific. Significant pathways implicated in the measured traits through Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis included the following: lipid biosynthetic process, regulation of lipid metabolic process, transport or localization of lipid, regulation of growth, developmental growth, and multicellular organism growth. Integration of GWAS results of the studied traits with pathway and network analyses facilitated the exploration of the respective candidate genes involved in several biological functions, particularly lipid and growth metabolism. This study provides novel insight into the genetic bases underlying complex traits and could be useful in developing breeding schemes aimed at improving growth and carcass traits in Hanwoo beef cattle.
Does Diversity Matter? Behavioural Differences between Piglets Given Diverse or Similar Forms of Enrichment Pre-Weaning
Authors: Schmitt Océane , Poidevin Aurélie , O'Driscoll Keelin
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the behavioural effects of providing different enrichment materials to suckling piglets from 7 days-old until weaning. One object was attached to the pen wall (WALL), and the other was suspended in the middle of the pen (MID). Control group had the hessian fabric in both locations, and the two diverse groups had hessian and bamboo stick in alternate locations (i.e., BMID-HWALL and HMID-BWALL). Piglets behaviour was recorded on D0 (object introduction), D1, D5, D8, D12, and D14; at weaning and 1, 3, 5 and 15 days after. Groups did not differ in approaching or interacting with objects on D0. MID objects attracted more attention than WALL objects (p < 0.01). Piglets interacted more with hessian than bamboo (p < 0.001). They performed more oral manipulation and shaking with hessian (p < 0.001), but more pushing of bamboo (p < 0.001). Interactions with objects increased with time (p < 0.001), especially with hessian (p < 0.01), while interest in bamboo remained unchanged. Control piglets performed more biting than piglets with diverse enrichment (pooled data), both pre- and post-weaning (p < 0.05). Therefore, providing different types of enrichment material can reduce biting behaviour pre- and post-weaning. Hessian was favoured, possibly because this was easier to bite and shake, which were the behaviours most often observed.
Rifabutin-Containing Triple Therapy (RHB-105) for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: Randomized ERADICATE Hp Trial
Authors: Kalfus Ira N. , Graham David Y. , Riff Dennis S. , Panas Raymond M.
Published: October 2020

Due to increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, the World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration have advocated the development of new therapeutic regimens for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This phase three, double-blind study (ERADICATE Hp) randomized (2:1) treatment-naïve adults with H. pylori infection and dyspepsia to RHB-105 (an all-in-one combination of omeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and rifabutin 50 mg) or an identically-appearing placebo, both administered every 8 h for 14 days. The H. pylori eradication rate with RHB-105, using a modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population of subjects who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had test-of-eradication performed 28–35 days post-completion of therapy, was compared (one-sample Z-test) to a literature-derived comparator rate of 70% and success rate with physician-selected standard-of-care given to placebo failures. The mITT H. pylori eradication rate (95% CI) with RHB-105 of 89.4% (82.0–96.8%) was greater than both the literature-derived comparator rate (P < 0.001) and the standard-of-care rate of 63.0% (44.8–81.1%) (P = 0.006). Adverse events with an incidence ≥5% for RHB-105 were diarrhea (12.7%), headache (11.9%), chromaturia (9.3%), abdominal tenderness (6.8%), and dizziness (5.1%). No leukopenia was noted. RHB-105 (Talicia®) proved to be a safe and effective empiric therapy for H. pylori eradication.
The Impact of Mitochondrial Deficiencies in Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Cantó-Santos Judith , Grau-Junyent Josep M. , Garrabou Glòria
Published: October 2020

Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are a heterogeneous group of acquired or inherited rare disorders caused by injury or dysfunction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord (lower motor neurons), peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles leading to muscle weakness and waste. Unfortunately, most of them entail serious or even fatal consequences. The prevalence rates among NMDs range between 1 and 10 per 100,000 population, but their rarity and diversity pose difficulties for healthcare and research. Some molecular hallmarks are being explored to elucidate the mechanisms triggering disease, to set the path for further advances. In fact, in the present review we outline the metabolic alterations of NMDs, mainly focusing on the role of mitochondria. The aim of the review is to discuss the mechanisms underlying energy production, oxidative stress generation, cell signaling, autophagy, and inflammation triggered or conditioned by the mitochondria. Briefly, increased levels of inflammation have been linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which is key in mitochondrial genomic instability and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) dysfunction. ROS burst, impaired autophagy, and increased inflammation are observed in many NMDs. Increasing knowledge of the etiology of NMDs will help to develop better diagnosis and treatments, eventually reducing the health and economic burden of NMDs for patients and healthcare systems.
On Applications of Spiking Neural P Systems
Authors: Fan Songhai , Paul Prithwineel , Wu Tianbao , Rong Haina , Zhang Gexiang
Published: October 2020

Over the years, spiking neural P systems (SNPS) have grown into a popular model in membrane computing because of their diverse range of applications. In this paper, we give a comprehensive summary of applications of SNPS and its variants, especially highlighting power systems fault diagnoses with fuzzy reasoning SNPS. We also study the structure and workings of these models, their comparisons along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also study the implementation of these models in hardware. Finally, we discuss some new ideas which can further expand the scope of applications of SNPS models as well as their implementations.
Investigation on the Tip Positioning Accuracy of Cable-Driven Serpentine Manipulators
Authors: Lin Chutan , Zhang Wenjing , Yuan Han
Published: October 2020

Cable-driven serpentine manipulators (CDSMs), having strong compliance and flexibility, are suitable for flexible operation in confined workspace. Like many other manipulators, it is an important issue to sense the tip pose of CDSMs. In much previous research, the manipulator’s tip pose is usually determined by the driving cable lengths. However, little literature has talked about the tip positioning accuracy. This paper focused on this issue, and investigated the effect of the cable hole location error and cable length error on the tip positioning accuracy of CDSMs. For this aim, we firstly established the kinematic model, and then analyzed the influence factors of the tip positioning accuracy. Simulation results show that the cable hole location error and cable length error have significant effects on the tip positioning accuracy, and especially in certain configurations, it can cause an approximate 30 mm deviation in position. Therefore, in order to improve the tip positioning accuracy of CDSMs, it is necessary to compensate for the cable hole location error and cable length error in the modeling.
Coverage-Based Classification Using Association Rule Mining
Authors: Mattiev Jamolbek , Kavsek Branko
Published: October 2020

Building accurate and compact classifiers in real-world applications is one of the crucial tasks in data mining nowadays. In this paper, we propose a new method that can reduce the number of class association rules produced by classical class association rule classifiers, while maintaining an accurate classification model that is comparable to the ones generated by state-of-the-art classification algorithms. More precisely, we propose a new associative classifier that selects “strong” class association rules based on overall coverage of the learning set. The advantage of the proposed classifier is that it generates significantly smaller rules on bigger datasets compared to traditional classifiers while maintaining the classification accuracy. We also discuss how the overall coverage of such classifiers affects their classification accuracy. Performed experiments measuring classification accuracy, number of classification rules and other relevance measures such as precision, recall and f-measure on 12 real-life datasets from the UCI ML repository (Dua, D.; Graff, C. UCI Machine Learning Repository. Irvine, CA: University of California, 2019) show that our method was comparable to 8 other well-known rule-based classification algorithms. It achieved the second-highest average accuracy (84.9%) and the best result in terms of average number of rules among all classification methods. Although not achieving the best results in terms of classification accuracy, our method proved to be producing compact and understandable classifiers by exhaustively searching the entire example space.
A Secondary Reconfigurable Inverter and Its Control Strategy
Authors: Li Yan , Xiang Peng , Chen Yandong
Published: October 2020

This article proposes a topology of the secondary reconfigurable inverter and the corresponding fault-tolerant control strategy. When the secondary reconfigurable inverter is operating normally, its topology structure is the TPSS circuit. When the power semiconductor devices in the inverter are faulty, the inverter circuit needs to be reconfigured. After removing the faulty power semiconductor devices, the remaining power semiconductor devices and the DC side powers are reconstructed as the TPFS structure to keep the system running normally. This article also proposes a switch-pulse-resetting algorithm. This paper adopts the control strategy connecting the constant-voltage, constant-frequency control method with the switch pulse resetting algorithm. It need not change the control algorithm when the proposed reconfigurable inverter is transformed from the normal running state into the faulty running state. The inverter dependability is greatly improved. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed second reconfigurable inverter topology and control strategy are verified by simulation and experiment.
Determination of Region of Influence Obtained by Aircraft Vertical Profiles Using the Density of Trajectories from the HYSPLIT Model
Authors: Cassol Henrique L. G. , Domingues Lucas G. , Sanchez Alber H. , Basso Luana S. , Marani Luciano , Tejada Graciela , Arai Egidio , Correia Caio , Alden Caroline B. , Miller John B. , Gloor Manuel , Anderson Liana O. , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Gatti Luciana V.
Published: October 2020

Aircraft atmospheric profiling is a valuable technique for determining greenhouse gas fluxes at regional scales (104–106 km2). Here, we describe a new, simple method for estimating the surface influence of air samples that uses backward trajectories based on the Lagrangian model Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT). We determined “regions of influence” on a quarterly basis between 2010 and 2018 for four aircraft vertical profile sites: SAN and ALF in the eastern Amazon, and RBA and TAB or TEF in the western Amazon. We evaluated regions of influence in terms of their relative sensitivity to areas inside and outside the Amazon and their total area inside the Amazon. Regions of influence varied by quarter and less so by year. In the first and fourth quarters, the contribution of the region of influence inside the Amazon was 83–93% for all sites, while in the second and third quarters, it was 57–75%. The interquarter differences are more evident in the eastern than in the western Amazon. Our analysis indicates that atmospheric profiles from the western sites are sensitive to 42–52.2% of the Amazon. In contrast, eastern Amazon sites are sensitive to only 10.9–25.3%. These results may help to spatially resolve the response of greenhouse gas emissions to climate variability over Amazon.
Role of Glutathione in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapies
Authors: Kennedy Luke , Sandhu Jagdeep K. , Harper Mary-Ellen , Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava
Published: October 2020

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol present at millimolar concentrations in mammalian tissues. As an important intracellular antioxidant, it acts as a regulator of cellular redox state protecting cells from damage caused by lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and xenobiotics. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of GSH in key signal transduction reactions as a controller of cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, ferroptosis and immune function. Molecular changes in the GSH antioxidant system and disturbances in GSH homeostasis have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and treatment response. Hence, GSH has both protective and pathogenic roles. Although in healthy cells it is crucial for the removal and detoxification of carcinogens, elevated GSH levels in tumor cells are associated with tumor progression and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, several novel therapies have been developed to target the GSH antioxidant system in tumors as a means for increased response and decreased drug resistance. In this comprehensive review we explore mechanisms of GSH functionalities and different therapeutic approaches that either target GSH directly, indirectly or use GSH-based prodrugs. Consideration is also given to the computational methods used to describe GSH related processes for in silico testing of treatment effects.
The Value of Design in Real Estate Asset Pricing
Authors: Rong Helena , Yang Juncheng , Kang Minkoo , Chegut Andrea
Published: October 2020

Does design contribute to real estate value? Practicing architects require evidence to justify both functional and aesthetic building needs within the financial ecosystem. Some buildings that become real estate assets are valued using models that consider some proxies for understanding value, but these features are abstract and may misidentify the sub-optimal differentiation that design brings. The lack of feedback between real estate valuation and building design often leads to poor design and economic outcomes. To address this miscommunication, we investigate the transaction price performance of four external architectural form features—diagonality, curvature, setbacks and podiums. Whilst controlling for drivers that are known to explain transaction price variation, we find that diagonality and podiums have a positive pricing differential of 12.4 and 9.7% more than rectilinear control buildings, respectively. Buildings with setbacks have a negative pricing differential of 10%. Furthermore, these results are also consistent for rental valuation. Results suggest that there is a significant economic impact of some architectural form interventions that differentiate commercial buildings and contribute to the role of form in design, planning and commercial real estate.
A Hybrid FCC/HZSM-5 Catalyst for the Catalytic Cracking of a VGO/Bio-Oil Blend in FCC Conditions
Authors: Ibarra Álvaro , Hita Idoia , Arandes José M. , Bilbao Javier
Published: October 2020

The performance of a commercial FCC catalyst (designated as CY) and a physically mixed hybrid catalyst (80 wt.% CY and 20 wt.% HZSM-5-based catalyst, designated as CH) have been compared in the catalytic cracking of a vacuum gasoil (VGO)/bio-oil blend (80/20 wt.%) in a simulated riser reactor (C/O, 6gcatgfeed−1; t, 6 s). The effect of cracking temperature has been studied on product distribution (carbon products, water, and coke) and product lumps: CO+CO2, dry gas, liquified petroleum gases (LPG), gasoline, light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), and coke. Using the CH catalyst, the conversion of the bio-oil oxygenates is ca. 3 wt.% higher, while the conversion of the hydrocarbons in the mixture is lower, yielding more carbon products (83.2–84.7 wt.% on a wet basis) and less coke (3.7–4.8 wt.% on a wet basis) than the CY catalyst. The CH catalyst provides lower gasoline yields (30.7–32.0 wt.% on a dry basis) of a less aromatic and more olefinic nature. Due to gasoline overcracking, enhanced LPG yields were also obtained. The results are explained by the high activity of the HZSM-5 zeolite for the cracking of bio-oil oxygenates, the diffusional limitations within its pore structure of bulkier VGO compounds, and its lower activity towards hydrogen transfer reactions.
Droplet Impact on the Cold Elastic Superhydrophobic Membrane with Low Ice Adhesion
Authors: Qian Chenlu , Li Qiang , Chen Xuemei
Published: October 2020

The elastic membranes with different surface stiffness were fabricated via spin-coating followed by the laser ablation. The as-fabricated elastic membrane exhibited superhydrophobicity with a rough microstructure. The droplet impacting experiment on the cold elastic superhydrophobic membrane was conducted, and the influence of surface stiffness and impacting speed on the droplet impacting process were investigated. It was found that the elastic superhydrophobic membrane exhibits a robust anti-icing performance compared with the elastic hydrophobic membrane. A lower surface stiffness corresponds to a larger deformation degree of the elastic membrane and to a smaller maximum droplet spreading diameter. Moreover, the contact time decreases with the increase of impacting speed as for the same stiffness of the cold elastic superhydrophobic membrane. The underlying mechanism of the cold elastic membrane with low ice adhesion may be due to the face that the deformation of the superhydrophobic membrane provides an elastic force for the droplet to detach from the surface and thus reduce the heat transfer between the droplet and the surface.
Transferability of Microsatellite Markers Developed in Oenothera spp. to the Invasive Species Oenothera drummondii Hook. (Onagraceae)
Authors: Hernández-Espinosa Raquel , González-Astorga Jorge , Espinosa de los Monteros Alejandro , Cabrera-Toledo Dánae , Gallego-Fernández Juan B.
Published: October 2020

Oenothera drummondii Hook. (Onagraceae) has life-history traits that make it an invasive species. Native populations are distributed along the coastal dunes from North Carolina in the United States to Tabasco in the Gulf of Mexico. It has been reported as an invasive species in Spain, Israel, and China, where this species can successfully colonize and dominate if the environmental conditions are appropriate. In South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and France, it is reported to be naturalized. In this study, 28 microsatellite markers developed for other Oenothera species were evaluated for cross-amplification in O. drummondii. Nine primers showed consistent amplification and were polymorphic. Polymorphism was assessed in three populations from both native and invaded areas. Results indicated generalized low genetic variability. Three loci showed significant deviations from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, associated with null alleles’ presence. The observed heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient reflected a generalized excess of homozygotes, particularly in the invaded population “El Dique”, likely due to allele fixation. High genetic differentiation was found between the three populations. These results highlight the accuracy of these markers for future population genetic studies in O. drummondii.
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor of Anastomotic Leak after Gastric Cancer Surgery
Authors: Radulescu Dumitru , Baleanu Vlad Dumitru , Padureanu Vlad , Radulescu Patricia Mihaela , Bordu Silviu , Patrascu Stefan , Socea Bogdan , Bacalbasa Nicolae , Surlin Marin Valeriu , Georgescu Ion , Georgescu Eugen Florin
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is known as a prognostic for the outcome of the patients with gastric cancer. As no definite risk marker for anastomotic leakage after gastric resection was identified, we investigated the possible role of NLR. Methods. Peripheral blood count for neutrophils and lymphocytes was done at the patient’s admission. We retrospectively evaluated 204 gastric cancer patients, who underwent gastric resection, comparing the values of NLR between the group of patients with anastomotic leakage and those without complications. Results. Using the ROC curve, we found the cutoff value of NLR, which permitted the comparison of the group with low NLR, presenting increased NLR. The cutoff value for NLR was 3.54. Between the two groups, we could observe statistically significant differences in developing fistula (p < 0.01) and complications leading to death (p < 0.025). The odds ratio for patients with NLR greater than 3.54 to develop anastomotic leak was 17.62, compared to those with lower NLR. Conclusion. Peripheral blood NLR proved to be a predictor for anastomotic leakage.
The Applications of Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Cell to Body
Authors: Han Xiao , Li Yang , Liu Weifeng , Chen Xiaojun , Song Zeyu , Wang Xiaolin , Deng Yulin , Tang Xiaoying , Jiang Zhenqi
Published: October 2020

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a cutting-edge imaging technique that is attracting increasing attention. This novel technique collects signals from superparamagnetic nanoparticles as its imaging tracer. It has characteristics such as linear quantitativity, positive contrast, unlimited penetration, no radiation, and no background signal from surrounding tissue. These characteristics enable various medical applications. In this paper, we first introduce the development and imaging principles of MPI. Then, we discuss the current major applications of MPI by dividing them into four categories: cell tracking, blood pool imaging, tumor imaging, and visualized magnetic hyperthermia. Even though research on MPI is still in its infancy, we hope this discussion will promote interest in the applications of MPI and encourage the design of tracers tailored for MPI.
Effect of Baseline Characteristics and Tumor Burden on Vaspin Expression and Progressive Disease in Operable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kan Jung-Yu , Lee Yi-Chen , Lin Yu-Da , Ho Wan-Yi , Moi Sin-Hua
Published: October 2020

Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy in the Asian population, and it is considered an important prognostic factor for baseline characteristics, tumor burden, and tumor markers. This study investigated the effect of baseline characteristics and tumor burden on tumor marker expression and progressive disease in colorectal cancer by using partial least squares variance-based path modeling (PLS-PM). PLS-PM can be used to evaluate the complex relationship between prognostic variables and progressive disease status with a small sample of measurements and structural models. A total of 89 tissue samples of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Our results suggested that the expression of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin) is a potential indicator of colorectal cancer progression and may be affected by baseline characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, according to the characteristics of tumor burden, the expression of vaspin was generally higher in each progressive disease patient. The overall findings suggest that vaspin is a potential indicator of the progressive disease and may be affected by the baseline characteristics of patients.