bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic revision of Hedwigia (Hedwigiaceae, Hedwigiales) in China
Authors: HUANG WEN-ZHUAN , MA WEN-ZHANG , IGNATOV MICHAEL S. , IGNATOVA ELENA A. , SULAYMAN MAMTIMIN , WU YU-HUAN , ZHU RUI-LIANG
Published: January 2024

Hedwigia is a small genus that currently comprises only 12 accepted species. However, taxonomic issues within this genus remain not thoroughly resolved, and its species diversity in China is still debatable. In this study, we conducted an integrative taxonomic revision of Hedwigia in China based on both molecular and morphological evidence. We found an interesting species from Yunnan and Sichuan Province having an unknown combination of morphological characters. The molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial nad5, chloroplast trnL-trnF and nuclear ITS markers suggest that this unknown moss represents a new species described here as H. sinica W.Z.Huang & R.L.Zhu, sp. nov. In addition, Hedwigia nemoralis Ignatova, Ignatov & Fedosov is proposed as a new synonym of H. filiformis (Michx.) P.Beauv. based on morphological and molecular evidence. Furthermore, H. czernyadjevae Ignatova, Ignatov & Fedosov, previously known only from Russia, is newly reported for China. The presence in China of H. stellata Hedenäs and H. ciliata (Hedw.) Boucher is doubtful because the voucher specimens of these two species were re-identified as H. sinica and H. emodica or H. filiformis, respectively. In conclusion, at present, four species of Hedwigia are confirmed in China.
Drymadusini katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Tettigoniinae): intraspecific variability—morphs or subspecies?
Authors: KORSUNOVSKAYA OLGA
Published: January 2024

A new subspecies of Lithoxenus haptapotamicus minutus Korsunovskaya subsp. nov. and new color form of Eulithoxenus mongolicus caeruleum are described. Data concerning the male calling song of L. miramae (Velt.) and the structure of the sound apparatus of Eulithoxenus mongolicus Uv.and L. miramae is provided for the first time.
Combination of Qingfei Huayu Decoction and Targeted Nursing Care Improves the Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia
Authors: Hua Zheng , Shu Li , Wu Xiangjun , Zhu Qian , Li Chao
Published: January 2024

To explore the efficacy of the combined use of Qingfei Huayu decoction (QFHYD) and targeted nursing care in pediatric cases of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). One hundred and twenty pediatric cases of MPP admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected
and randomly divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 60) groups. The control group (CG) was treated with targeted nursing care in conjunction with conventional Western medicine, while the experimental group (EG) received QFHYD in addition to the CG’s treatment.
Clinical efficacy, symptom relief time, and levels of inflammatory markers were recorded. Subsequently, a mouse model of MPP was established to investigate the effects of QFHYD on bacterial load in lung tissues, tissue damage, and the expression of members of the Notch pathway. The symptom
relief times for cough, fever, and pulmonary rales were shorter in the EG than in the CG (all P < 0. 001). After treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels decreased in both groups, with the levels being lower in the EG (both P < 0. 001). Mouse model results showed
that both azithromycin alone and in combination with QFHYD could reduce bacterial loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung injury scores (all P < 0. 001), with the combination showing more significant effects. Furthermore, western blotting indicated significant reductions in
the relative protein levels of Notch1 and Notch2 in mouse lung tissues, with the combination showing more significant effects (all P < 0. 001). In pediatric MPP, the combination of QFHYD and targeted nursing care can significantly enhance clinical efficacy, accelerate symptom relief,
and improve the body’s inflammatory state. Based on animal studies, we speculate that the action of QFHYD may be related to the Notch pathway.
Effect of Different Water-Retaining Agents and 1-Aminobenzotriazole Rooting Powder on the Survival of Ornamental Tree Transplants
Authors: Tan Congli , Wang Jia
Published: January 2024

Tree transplanting has become a crucial technical tool in both national afforestation projects and the development of garden greening. The demand for creating green ecological urban environments has significantly increased with the development of modern urbanization and improved living
standards. Consequently, there is an increasing need for ornamental trees in urban construction. Ensuring higher survival rates in tree transplantation technology is of utmost importance. Given that temperature strongly influences tree growth, it is imperative to investigate how different
water-retaining agents (WRAs) and 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) rooting powder impact the survival rate of transplanted ornamental trees. After transplantation, ornamental trees were subjected to varying dosages of WRAs and concentrations of ABT rooting powder, and their cold tolerance (CT) was
evaluated using the conductivity method and growth test. The results revealed that the application of rooting powder significantly enhanced the CT of willow trees by 24.4%, 14.7%, and 30.2% in September, December, and March, compared with untreated ones. For the same months, the CT of magnolia
trees increased by 57.4%, 23.7%, and 16.8%. Additionally, during those months, the CT of cypress trees treated with WRAs showed remarkable improvement, increasing by 108.9%, 108.9%, and 108.9%, respectively, with enhancements of 6.6% and 27.3% compared to untreated cypress trees. These findings
highlight the crucial importance of investigating the impact of various WRAs and ABT rooting powder on the survival rate of transplanted ornamental trees, establishing a crucial benchmark for future advancements in this domain.
Treatment on Acute Liver Injury with Tian Jing Yi Xue Decoction by Repressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Reducing Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Xun , Song Shilei , Wang Miaodong , Wei Zhifeng , Deng Xin
Published: January 2024

The increasing incidence of drug-induced acute liver injury (ALI) has drawn global attention to this health concern. Tian Jing Yi Xue Decoction (TJYXD), an ancient formula, has shown potential clinical efficacy for ALI. However, no studies have yet confirmed its effectiveness in treating
ALI. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of TJYXD in H2O2-induced HepG2 cell injury and CCl4-induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze TJYXD components. Network
pharmacology was employed to predict its mechanisms and effective components for ALI treatment, followed by experimental verification. In cellular experiments, 2 mg/mL TJYXD significantly reduced the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase
(ALP). In animal experiments, TJYXD significantly decreased the levels of ALT, ALP, and malondialdehyde and increased the level of superoxide dismutase. Histopathological analysis with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Masson staining further confirmed the efficacy of TJYXD compared to silymarin
in treating ALI. Moreover, we determined that the therapeutic effects of TJYXD in the treatment of ALI were attributed to its inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reduction in both serum and livers levels of transforming growth factor-β 1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α.
Furthermore, quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin were speculated to be the main active constituents. In conclusion, TJYXD demonstrates remarkable efficacy both in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of ALI by enhancing immunity and suppressing inflammation. Furthermore, TJYXD holds
promise as a first-line or adjunctive therapeutic agent.
To Explore the Mechanism of Periplaneta americana Extracts and Rebeprazole Intervention in Gastric Mucosal Injury Based on ERS Pathway
Authors: Wu Dekun , Yan Guiqing , Xie Wenyuan , Mo Ying , Tang Youming , Jiang Feng
Published: January 2024

The mechanism of Periplaneta americana extracts and rabeprazole in treating gastric mucosal injury were explored through ER stress pathway. Acute gastric mucosal injury model rats were made by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The rats were then randomly assigned
to different groups: model group, Periplaneta americana extracts group, rabeprazole group and combined drug group of rabeprazole and Periplaneta americana extracts, with 6 rats in each group. A normal control group, comprising of six rats, was fed a standard diet. Drug groups
were treated with intragastric administration for 3 days. The apparent morphological changes of gastric mucosal injury repair in each group of rats were observed. The length and width of the damaged erosion bands were measured and recorded by vernier caliper, and the index of gastric mucosal
damage of rats was calculated using the Guth 57 standard method. Pathological repair of gastric mucosal damage was visualized using hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The protein expression of gastric mucosa glucose regulated protein (GRP 78), transcriptional activator 6 (ATF 6), C/EBP (CHOP)
and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by protein immunoblot (Western Blot, WB). The content of prostaglandin 2 (PGE 2) in the gastric mucosa and serum was observed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results were compared between the other groups and the
model group. Intervention treatment in each experimental group demonstrated effective improvement of gastric mucosal injury, reduction in the index of gastric mucosal injury, downregulation of the protein expression of GRP 78, ATF 6, CHOP, and IL-6 in the gastric mucosa. Increasing the content
of PGE2 in gastric mucosa and serum, and promoting the repair of inflammation. Notably, the combined drug group exhibited the most significant intervention effect, with a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Periplaneta americana extracts, Rabeprazole alone and
in combination have different degrees of protection and repair effect on gastric mucosal injury. The regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may affect the mechanism of action, reducing the protein expression of inflammatory factors, increasing the expression level of PGE2, and promoting
the recovery of normal physiological metabolic environment of gastric mucosa.
Study on the Pyrolysis Characteristics of Tobacco Stems Under Different Steam Explosion Pressures
Authors: Liu Ze , Song Chenhao , Zuo Wen , Li Siyuan , Wang Fayong , Gui Chao , Xu Gaoxiang , Yang Ji , Zhang Wei , Fu Liang , Yang Qianxu , Zhou Guofu , Gao Chuanjiao , Li Xingyong , Chen Yubao
Published: January 2024

Thermal weight loss behavior of tobacco stems is the key to studying the chemical properties of tobacco stalks. In this research, four steam explosion pressure gradients with three heating rates were investigated for the pyrolysis characteristics of tobacco stems. Three methods were
employed to analyze pyrolysis reaction kinetics. The results showed that pyrolysis of tobacco stems consists of three phases: dehydration, degradation, and carbonization. The influence of steam explosion pressure on the thermal stability of tobacco stems was as follows: 0.5 MPa > 0.2 MPa
> 0.8 MPa > block sample > 1.1 MPa. The pyrolysis of tobacco stems followed the first-order reaction kinetics equation, and the pyrolysis experiments fit the Kissinger equation, Tang equation, and Hu-Gao-Zhang equation well. The experimental results provide a reference for research
on the subject of pyrolysis of tobacco stems.
Self-Reported Mood and Lifestyle-Related Physical Activity of Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Tavares Vagner Deuel de O. , de Sousa Geovan Menezes , Schuch Felipe B. , Campanelli Stephany , Meyer Jacob , de Almeida Raissa Nóbrega , Agrícola Pedro Moraes Dutra , Alves Leonardo , Gurgel Maria Luiza , Gonçalves Kaike Thiê da Costa , Patten Scott , Sarris Jerome , Barbalho Walter , Arcoverde Emerson Nunes , Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite
Published: January 2024

We investigated whether mood and lifestyle-related indicators of physical health are differentially expressed according to self-reported levels of depressive symptoms among young adults with a current episode of major depression. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 94 young adults (females = 67, 71.3%; males = 27, 28.7%; aged 18–35 years) with a current episode of major depression. We assessed their mood with the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory-(BAI), sleep with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), physical activity with the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), and their cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants’ depression levels were classified as follows using established cut-points: (a) Mild Depressive Symptoms (MIDS, BDI-II 14-19 points, n = 17), (b) Moderate Depressive Symptoms (MODS, BDI-II 20–28 points, n = 37) or (c) Severe Depressive Symptoms (SEDS, BDI-II 29–63 points, n = 40). As expected, we found that young adults with SEDS, when compared to those with MODS and MIDS, showed higher depressive mood on the POMS, and they exhibited greater anxiety symptoms, lower reported ‘vigor’ on physical activity measures, worse sleep quality as expressed by their global score sleep; daytime dysfunction; and sleep disturbance, and they showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Those with moderate depressive symptoms only differed from those with mild symptoms with respect to hostility, fatigue and mood disturbance. Although there was a gradient whereby worse mental and physical health indicators were more closely related to the SEDS depression categorization, while healthier indicators were associated with the MIDS category, some parameters were not different between the MDD severity groups, particularly when comparing MIDS and MODS. Clinicians treating patients with MDD should consider these factors when designing lifestyle-based interventions.
Introducing a Neuroscience-Based Assessment Instrument: Development and Psychometric Study of the Neural Networks Symptomatology Inventory
Authors: Faustino Bruno , Fonseca Isabel
Published: January 2024

Background: Neuroscience research methods contribute to the understanding of the underlying neural impairments associated with psychopathology. Previous research suggested that impairments in Default Mode Network, Fronto-Parietal Executive Network, Amygdaloid-Hippocampal Memory Network, and Attentional Salience Network are present in different psychopathological symptoms. However, a self-report measure based on this evidence is lacking. Aims: Therefore, the present study describes the development and preliminary psychometric study of the Neural Network Symptomatology Inventory (NNSI). Method: Two different samples were recruited (sample 1: N = 214, Mage = 21.0, SD = 7.10; sample 2: N = 194, Mage = 21.5, SD = 8.41) and responded to self-report instruments in a cross-sectional design. Standard methodologies to scale development and psychometric study were applied: Item development, Exploratory (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Pearson correlations. Results: EFA and CFA suggested a 4-factor model with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2(449) = 808,9841, TLI = .89, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .048 (.042–.053). All NNSI subscales correlated positively with psychopathological domains and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that NNSI may be a valid instrument to assess symptomatology associated with complex neural network impairments. Nevertheless, further research is required to deepen and improve NNSI psychometric characteristics.
Nonfinancial Consequences of Identity Theft Revisited: Examining the Association of Out-of-Pocket Losses With Physical or Emotional Distress and Behavioral Health
Authors: Maher Cooper A. , Hayes Brittany E.
Published: January 2024

The study investigates whether nuanced measures of financial loss are associated with physical and/or emotional distress relating to one’s identity theft victimization. A subsample of victims of identity theft from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Identity Theft Supplement ( n = 1,557) was examined. Financial loss was considered as the total amount lost, whether victims suffered any financial losses, and whether losses were in the 95th percentile. Stepwise negative binomial and logistic regressions were estimated for physical and emotional distress and behavioral health outcomes (i.e., both physical and emotional distress). Findings indicate that out-of-pocket losses were substantively associated with physical and emotional distress as well as behavioral health outcomes only when considering nuanced measures of monetary loss. Time taken to resolve identity theft was associated with increased distress across all outcomes. Nonfinancial consequences of identity theft are fundamentally different phenomena than financial loss and indicate the need for multifaceted responses which acknowledge these outcomes.
Pain and Heart Failure During Transport by Emergency Medical Services and Its Associated Outcomes: Hospitalization, Mortality, and Length of Stay
Authors: Smith Asa B. , Jung Miyeon , Pressler Susan J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Over 22% of patients with heart failure (HF) are transported by emergency medical services (EMSs) for a primary complaint of pain. The relationship between a primary complaint of pain on hospitalization status, mortality, or length of stay following transport by EMS is understudied.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to determine whether a primary complaint of pain during EMS transport predicted hospitalization status, mortality, or inpatient length of stay.

Methods:

In this retrospective longitudinal cohort study, data were analyzed from electronic health records of 3539 patients with HF. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were used to achieve study objectives.

Results:

Demographics were mean age 64.83 years (standard deviation [SD] = 14.58); gender 57.3% women, 42.7% men; self-reported race 56.2% black, 43.2% white, and 0.7% other. Of 3539 patients, 2346 (66.3%) were hospitalized, 149 (4.2%) died, and the mean length of stay was 6.02 (SD = 7.55) days. A primary complaint of pain did not predict increased odds of in-hospital mortality but did predict 39% lower odds of hospitalization ( p < .001), and 26.7% shorter length of stay ( p < .001). Chest pain predicted 49% lower odds of hospitalization ( p < .001) and 34.1% ( p < .001) shorter length of stay, whereas generalized pain predicted 45% lower odds of hospitalization ( p = .044) following post-hoc analysis.

Conclusions:

A primary complaint of chest pain predicted lower odds of hospitalization and shorter length of stay, possibly due to established treatment regimens. Additional research is needed to examine chronic pain rather than a primary complaint of pain.
Posttraumatic growth in palliative care settings: A scoping review of prevalence, characteristics and interventions
Authors: Austin Philip D , Siddall Philip J , Lovell Melanie R
Published: January 2024

Background:

Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological change following trauma. However, there is a need to better understand the experience of posttraumatic growth in the palliative care setting as well as the availability and efficacy of interventions that target this phenomenon.

Aims:

To provide a review of the prevalence, characteristics and interventions involving posttraumatic growth in adults receiving palliative care and to collate recommendations for future development and utilisation of interventions promoting posttraumatic growth.

Design:

We performed a systematic scoping review of studies investigating posttraumatic growth in palliative care settings using the Arksey and O'Malley six-step scoping review criteria. We used the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews.

Data sources:

Articles in all languages available on Ovid Medline [1946–2022], Embase [1947–2022], APA PsycINFO [1947–2022] and CINAHL [1981–2022] in November 2022.

Results:

Of 2167 articles located, 17 were included for review. These reported that most people report low to moderate levels of posttraumatic growth with a decline towards end-of-life as distress and symptom burden increase. Associations include a relationship between posttraumatic growth, acceptance and greater quality-of-life. A limited number of interventions have been evaluated and found to foster posttraumatic growth and promote significant psychological growth.

Conclusion:

Posttraumatic growth is an emerging concept in palliative care where although the number of studies is small, early indications suggest that interventions fostering posttraumatic growth may contribute to improvements in psychological wellbeing in people receiving palliative care.
Folic acid: friend or foe in cancer therapy
Authors: Thabet Romany H. , Alessa Raneem Eid Mustafa , Al-Smadi Zahraa Khaldoon Khaleel , Alshatnawi Banah Saleh Gabr , Amayreh Batool Mahmoud Ibrahim , Al-Dwaaghreh Renad Bilal Ahmad , Salah Sereen Khalid Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Folic acid plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, notably cell maturation and proliferation. Here, we performed a literature review using articles listed in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. In this review article, we describe contradictory data regarding the role of folic acid in cancer development and progression. While some studies have confirmed its beneficial effects in diminishing the risk of various cancers, others have reported a potential carcinogenic effect. The current narrative review elucidates these conflicting data by highlighting the possible molecular mechanisms explaining each point of view. Further multicenter molecular and genetic studies, in addition to human randomized clinical trials, are necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between folic acid and cancer.
Train Timetable Optimization for Suppressing Traction Power Fluctuations, Especially on Mountainous Railway Lines with Long, Steep Grades
Authors: Li Mi , Dai Chaohua , Chen Weirong
Published: January 2024

Railways traversing steeply sloping plateaus in mountainous regions face severe environmental conditions. However, weak external power grids and severe fluctuations in traction power threaten the stability of the grids and pose risks to train operation. To date, little research has focused on train timetable optimization in such mountainous regions, while simultaneously considering their impact on the power grid. In the present work, we took a mountain the railway was under construction as an example to study train timetable optimization of mixed passenger and freight railways to reduce their impact on weak power grids. The 372.47-km mountain railway, on which the study was based, is an electrified railway running from Qamdo to Linzhi in western China. An optimization model of train uniformity and optimal passenger travel time was constructed, and a two-layer improved genetic algorithm proposed to obtain the optimal solution. This was shown to effectively save energy, reduce load fluctuations, and suppress voltage fluctuations to reduce railroad operational impact on the power grid.
Outcomes and Return-to-Sports Rates in Patients With Borderline Hip Dysplasia After Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Case Series With 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Leopold Vincent J. , Szarek Adrian , Hipfl Christian , Bärtl Susanne , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Background:

The optimal surgical approach in patients with borderline hip dysplasia (BHD) remains controversial. Both hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) are commonly employed in this patient population. Those who participate in sports want to resume and maintain sports activities after surgery, and the ability to do so plays an important role in the choice of a treatment method. To our knowledge, no previous study has assessed return-to-sports rates and activity levels in patients with BHD after PAO.

Purpose:

To assess return-to-sports rates and postoperative activity levels as measured by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), activity scale as well as patient-reported outcome measures. Also to assess changes in sports activity both qualitatively and quantitatively as well as underlying reasons for these changes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 55 hips in 52 patients with BHD who underwent PAO between January 2015 and June 2017. Return-to-sports rates, UCLA activity scores, International Hip Outcome Tool–12 scores, Subjective Hip Value scores, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscores, sports practiced, frequency and duration of sports activity, and postoperative changes as well as underlying reasons were recorded.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 62.8 ± 9.0 months. The return-to-sports rate among preoperatively active patients was 92.5%. Most patients resumed sports activity after 6 months (50%) or after 3 to 6 months (37.5%). The UCLA activity score improved significantly (from 5.2 ± 2.4 to 7.0 ± 1.8; P < .001). The International Hip Outcome Tool-12, Subjective Hip Value, and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scores also improved significantly (all, P < .001). Changes in sports activity occurred in 34.5% of cases after PAO. Significantly more patients engaged in low-impact sports postoperatively. Participation in high-impact sports did not decrease significantly. Reasons for changes were both hip related and non–hip related. Quantitatively, patients were able to significantly increase both the frequency ( P = .007) and duration ( P = .007) of sports activity.

Conclusion:

The return-to-sports rate in patients with BHD after PAO was high at over 92%. Most patients returned to sports after a period of 6 months or 3 to 6 months. Overall, activity levels and hip function improved after PAO. A number of patients adjusted their sports activity after PAO. Although more patients engaged in low-impact sports, participation in high-impact sports was maintained postoperatively. The results of this study may help both patients and orthopaedic surgeons in deciding on the best surgical procedure in the setting of BHD.
Citrate anticoagulation in plasma exchange followed by continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill children
Authors: Xinping Zhang , Jie He , Zhenya Yao , Desheng Zhu , Xiong Zhou
Published: January 2024

Objective:

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of regional citrate-anticoagulated (RCA) plasma exchange (PE) and whether citrate-related metabolic disorders can be improved by sequential RCA continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center observational study included 79 critically ill children requiring PE followed by CRRT (June 2018 to June 2021) at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Hunan Children’s Hospital, China. Patients were divided into the RCA-PE ( n = 30) and systemic heparin anticoagulation (SHA-PE) ( n = 49) groups. Filter level comparison post-PE assessed RCA-PE efficacy, and metabolic changes occurring pre- and post-PE and CRRT were used to evaluate the effect of CRRT on RCA-based anticoagulation safety.

Results:

The RCA-PE group had a better overall filter performance than the SHA-PE group. Two hours after PE, pH and HCO₃− levels increased more significantly for the RCA-PE than the SHA-PE group. The RCA-PE incidence of metabolic alkalosis was 48.3%, higher by 4.2% ( p < 0.001) compared to the SHA-PE group. In the RCA-PE group, pH and HCO₃− decreased significantly 4 h after CRRT; the metabolic alkalosis caused by RCA-PE decreased to 13.8% ( p = 0.005). No significant difference in pH, HCO₃−, and metabolic alkalosis incidence was observed between the two groups 4 h after CRRT.

Conclusions:

The overall filtration performance of RCA-PE is superior to that of SHA-PE followed by CRRT. The metabolic complications associated with RCA-PE are mainly metabolic alkalosis that can be improved by using CRRT after RCA-PE and this is a better alternative for anticoagulation during PE in critically ill children.
Childhood Maltreatment and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediating Model
Authors: Gong Xue , Zhang Lulu
Published: January 2024

There is a wealth of evidence to suggest that childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor contributing to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. However, how and under what conditions childhood maltreatment is related to NSSI remains largely unclear. This study examined the indirect effect of depressive symptoms in the relation between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury, as well as the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal and emotion reactivity in those associations. A sample of 1,984 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.84, SD = 1.27, 47.9% girls) completed self-report questionnaires. The results of path analysis showed that childhood maltreatment was significantly related to NSSI and that depressive symptoms play an indirect effect in the relation between them. Cognitive reappraisal mitigated the effect of childhood maltreatment on depressive symptoms, and emotion reactivity strengthened the effect of depressive symptoms on non-suicidal self-injury. The results further showed that the indirect effect of depressive symptoms was more prominent for youths with lower levels of cognitive reappraisal and greater emotion reactivity. Interventions that enhance cognitive reappraisal and reduce emotion reactivity may interrupt the pathway from childhood maltreatment to NSSI via depressive symptoms.
Surface integrity and fatigue lifeof GH4169 by combined process of milling, grinding, and polishing
Authors: Cui Chuan-Hui , Zhu Zheng-Qing , Chen Zhi-Tong , Li Yi-Meng
Published: January 2024

The effect of six processes including M (milling), G (grinding), MMP (milling and manual polishing), GMP (grinding and manual polishing), MCP (milling and CNC polishing), GCP (grinding and CNC polishing) on surface integrity and fatigue life of GH4169 are studied in this paper. The results show that grinding produce a larger degree of hardening compared to milling, and residual stress of grinding surface and milling surface are respectively compressive and tensile. Polishing can significantly reduce the surface roughness formed by the previous process. Surface tensile residual stress of milling is converted into compressive stress after polishing, while the degree of hardening and residual stress of grinding surface has no significant change after polishing. The roughness, residual stress, and hardening degree of the manual polishing and CNC polishing are similar, but there are many micro surface defects in the manual polishing surface. The fatigue life of GCP, MCP, GMP, and MMP gradually decreases. Therefore, the integration process of GCP can produce better surface integrity including surface roughness, hardening degree, and residual stress distribution.
Dissimilar joining of duplex AISI 2304 stainless steel/austenitic AISI 321 stainless steel using resistance spot welding technique: Microstructural evolutions, tensile-shear properties, and fracture analysis
Authors: Badkoobeh Farzad , Mostaan Hossein , Rafiei Mahdi , Amin Zarei-Sahamie Mohammad , Dordsheikh-Torkamani Alireza
Published: January 2024

In this work, microstructural characteristics and mechanical performance of spot weld joints of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel (ASS)/AISI 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS) were experimentally assessed. The welding current and time were varied to determine their effects on the failure load/energy and mechanism of dissimilar welds. The weld metal (WM)’s microstructure had a ferritic matrix as well as a distribution of grain boundary, Widmanstätten, and transgranular austenite. Some precipitates were found in the weld. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the AISI 321 ASS did not experience extensive phase evolutions and only grain coarsening occurred. This led to the HAZ softening. While extensive phase transformations were identified in the HAZ of the AISI 2304 DSS. Its microstructure contained a ferrite matrix with Widmanstätten and grain boundary-type austenite. Such microstructure resulted in the HAZ strengthening. Alteration of the welding condition from 1 kA – 2 s to 3 kA – 2 s raised peak load (tensile-shear strength) from 9.7± 0.8 to 16± 1 kN and energy absorbed to fracture from 15.52 ±1 to 51.2± 2 J. Enhanced WM size was responsible for them. Finally, as welding condition reached 4 kA – 2 s, they would decrease to 14.4±1 kN and 41.76± 3 J, respectively. It arises from surface splash. Once the welding condition varied from 3 kA – 1 s to 3 kA – 3 s, the weld performance was promoted i.e., improvement of peak load from 13± 1 to 19.6± 0.5 kN and energy absorbed to fracture from 23.4±2 to 49±3 J. It results from the WM enlarged. Ultimately, welding condition of 3 kA – 4 s causes a degradation in the weld performance i.e., drop of peak load to 15.8±1 kN and energy absorbed to fracture to 33.18± 2 J. This was on account of surface splash. With reference to the fracture analysis, interfacial, single pull-out, and double pull-out fracture modes were characterized.
A nonlinear model predictive control for air suspension in hub motor electric vehicle
Authors: Yu Yi , Li Zhongxing , Zhou Yin , Wang Xue
Published: January 2024

The hub-motor electric vehicle (HM-EV) is considered as an ideal configuration for electric vehicles (EVs). However, the electromechanical coupling effect deteriorates HM-EV ride comfort, which limits its widespread application in EVs. In this study, the HM-EV dynamic system with air springs is proposed to intervene in vehicle attitude and ride comfort. The HM-EV dynamic model with air spring, considering the electromechanical coupling effect, is established and the test validation is investigated. Then quasi-infinite horizon nonlinear model predictive control (QIH NMPC) is designed to improve the longitudinal and vertical dynamic performance. The dynamic performance of passive suspension, air suspension based on QIH NMPC, air suspension based on MPC, and PID control receptively, are compared under several random road scenarios. Finally, the results indicated that the proposed control algorithm can improve ride comfort, reduce motor vibration, and improve longitudinal and vertical dynamic performance.
Evaluation of the lumbar and abdominal muscles behavior in different sagittal plane angles during maximum voluntary isometric extension
Authors: Kian-Bostanabad Sharareh , Azghani Mahmoodreza , Parnianpour Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Physical positions and lumbar movements are directly related to lumbar disorders. It is known that the sagittal plane angle affects the person’s ability to apply extension torque. However, there is no consensus on whether or not muscle activity and co-contractions change at these angles. This paper aimed to investigate the abdominal and lumbar muscles’ behavior at different sagittal plane angles during maximum voluntary isometric extension (MVIE). We have evaluated our findings with the aid of a computational biomechanical model. Fourteen healthy males participated. A total of 16 muscles EMG were recorded during the lumbar MVIE on the Sharif Lumbar Isometric Strength Tester device in 5°, 15°, 30°, and 45° flexion. The torque and muscle activity changes and all co-contraction indexes (CCI) between 120 possible muscle pairs were calculated. Finally, the experimental test conditions were modeled in the AnyBody software, and the MVIE torque, muscle activity, and all CCIs were calculated. Also, muscle torque lever arms were calculated at different angles. Results show that MVIE at four angles is 137.94 ± 36.08, 148.63 ± 47.96, 168.09 ± 50.48, and 171.44 ± 53.95 N · m, respectively. Muscle activity and CCI are similar at all angles. The AnyBody model gives similar findings. Muscles torque lever arms change with angle. In conclusion, to determine the safety mode of lifting in the sagittal plane, it seems that the torque differences are due to changes in the geometrical muscle parameters (including the torque lever arm). Despite the almost constant muscular effort, subjects in the 30°–45° bending positions can apply more MVIE.
The ethnic penalty in welfare deservingness: A factorial survey experiment on welfare chauvinism in pension attitudes in Germany
Authors: Naumann Elias , Brinkmann Marvin M , Möhring Katja
Published: January 2024

This study investigates whether pensioners with a foreign ethnic background are perceived as less deserving to receive a pension than are native pensioners. It focuses on Germany as an example with a strongly achievement-oriented social insurance system which closely links benefits to previous contributions. Hence, the system prevents a citizen from receiving benefits without having contributed. Our study thus adds to existing research by examining a less likely case to find welfare chauvinistic attitudes. To test our expectations, we rely on a factorial survey design and a probability sample of the German population in 2019. Survey respondents decide on the amount of pension benefits that a hypothetical pensioner should receive. Characteristics of the hypothetical pensioner – ethnic background, gender, last income, contribution years, the number of children and other dependents – are randomly varied. Our study finds support for welfare chauvinist attitudes in an achievement-oriented social insurance system. Even for the same achievement, that is, same income, contribution years and number of children, natives grant lower pensions to pensioners with a foreign ethnic background than to natives. Also, even if migrants show the most favourable behaviour (that is, having contributed to the pension system for many years and with a high income), the ethnic penalty in pensions remains significant.
A 1500-year multi-proxy record of subtropical mangrove dynamics in relation to sea level and climate changes on Babitonga Bay, Southern Brazil
Authors: Torres Angela EC , França Marlon C , Borges da Silva Fernando A , Morales Jorge HA , Cohen Marcelo CL , Pessenda Luiz CR , Macario Kita
Published: January 2024

Climatic changes and sea level variations have had a significant impact on the mangroves along the Brazilian coast during the Holocene. The present study focused on understanding the specific factors that have determined the establishment and expansion of mangroves in a subtropical estuary of southern Brazil (Babitonga Bay, State of Santa Catarina-SC), as well as their response to climate change and sea level variations during the late-Holocene. In this study, we carried out sedimentary analysis, palynology, and radiocarbon dating (C-14) to paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the last 1500 cal. year BP. Three facies associations were identified, indicating a progradational succession where a tidal flat was developed at the margin of the estuary. During the first phase, between at least 1440 and ±1286 cal. year BP, the area was characterized by a subtidal environment. The presence of Laguncularia pollen grains since ± 1390 cal. year BP indicated favorable conditions for mangrove establishment in proximity to the study site. Subsequently, around ± 1286 cal. year BP, the tidal flat developed, reaching the present-day shoreline, facilitated by the relative sea level drop. Avicennia trees were established on the tidal flat since ± 1273 cal. year BP, and the establishment of Rhizophora trees occurred in the most recent decades. This mangrove succession developed in Babitonga Bay following a temperature gradient, associated with low-temperature tolerance, and likely its establishment is associated with a temperature increase during the late-Holocene, that caused a migration of the southern limit of the mangrove in the subtropical zone to higher latitudes. Furthermore, the relatively slow expansion of mangroves upstream of Babitonga Bay also may have been controlled by the suitable salinity and substrate conditions, which were favored by the relative sea-level fall during the late-Holocene.
Delving into the analysis of scientific production and communication in academic literature
Authors: Sánchez-García Eduardo , Martínez-Falcó Javier , Seva-Larrosa Pedro , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé
Published: January 2024

Academic publishing plays a critical role in the dissemination of new knowledge and the advancement of scientific understanding, as it provides researchers with a means to share their findings and methods with scientific community, allowing new discoveries and innovations to be shared and used more widely, leading to further advancements and progress in various fields. In addition, by publishing their research, scholars establish their reputation and demonstrate their expertise to others in their field and, because of it, may be considered a key component of career advancement. The main objective of this research is to analyze the main recent contributions made by researchers in the field of academic production and communication. This study has been carried out using the Web of Science database, and applying bibliometric techniques, particularly Bibliometrics®, to analyze, in aggregate form, the 7417 documents analyzed, published in the period from 2012 to 2022. The results show the growing interest of researchers in this field of study, as well as the importance of certain authors, universities, and countries for their extensive contribution to the development of this area. We conclude that academic publishing plays a vital role in the advancement of scientific understanding and knowledge. It provides a means of accountability, helps to disseminate new discoveries, facilitates peer review, and supports career advancement, while also increasing the impact of research on the wider scientific community. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research efforts in this field of research.
Lifestyle Changes Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic Increase Oral Disease Symptoms
Authors: Kim So-Yeong
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe restrictions on society worldwide, and social restrictions can lead to poor physical and oral health. This study investigated the association between oral disease symptoms and changes in lifestyle due to COVID-19. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 54 848). It showed that most households’ economic conditions as “did not change at all” (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.00), “no change” (aOR = 1.10), “slightly worsened” (aOR = 1.21), and “very worsened” (aOR = 1.24). Information in a with “did not change at all” (aOR = 1.00), “no change” (aOR = 1.13), “slightly worsened” (aOR = 1.15), and “very worsened” (aOR = 1.18) economic conditions experienced heightened gingival pain and bleeding. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a change in lifestyle and worsened socioeconomic status. In addition, as lifestyle changed and socioeconomic status declined, symptoms of deteriorating dental health emerged.
Psychological Distress and Treatment Outcome in Patients With Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Henderson Berg Meagan-Helen , Popradi Gizelle , Roberge David , Petrogiannis-Haliotis Tina , Pehr Kevin
Published: January 2024

Background:

Skin diseases have been shown to worsen psychological distress, which, in turn, may be detrimental to treatment outcomes. Both the impact of psychological distress on response to treatment in mycosis fungoides (MF) and the effect of treatments on psychological well-being are unclear.

Objectives:

To evaluate (1) the association between pretreatment psychological morbidity and treatment outcome in early-stage MF and (2) the impact of response to treatment on psychological well-being.

Methods:

This was a prospective cohort study of patients with early-stage MF who started a new stage-directed treatment for their disease. The response was determined using the modified severity-weighted assessment tool, and psychological distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Participants were followed for 1 year.

Results:

In all, 24 consecutive patients were recruited. Objective response rate was 71% (17/24), consistent with existing literature. Prior to treatment, 9 patients (38%) had clinically significant psychological distress on the GHQ-12, while 8 (33%) demonstrated high-level worry on the PSWQ. Of these patients, 6 had pathologic scores on both instruments. Patients with significantly less baseline anxiety/depression on the GHQ-12 responded better to treatment than patients with higher levels ( P = .004). In addition, responders’ mean GHQ-12 scores decreased by 39% and their PSWQ scores by 17%, whereas nonresponders’ GHQ-12 scores increased by 93% ( P = .042) and their PSWQ scores by 11% ( P = .019).

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that (1) baseline psychological distress is associated with worse outcomes in patients with early-stage MF and that (2) effective treatment improves psychological morbidity.
‘I’m a bit of an invisible worker’ – Health care and social sector students’ experiences of casual and temporary agency work
Authors: Hult Marja , Gevaert Jessie , Rekola Leena , Honkanen-Korhonen Raili , Ylikahri Kati
Published: January 2024

Objectives

In the wake of national and global personnel shortages, it is becoming increasingly common for students to undertake casual and temporary agency work in the health care and social sectors. This phenomenon can have both advantages and disadvantages for these workers. The objective of this study was to describe health care and social sector students’ experiences of such work.

Methods

Students currently undertaking casual work in the health care and social sector in Finland were recruited ( n = 28). Qualitative semi-structured interviews of these students were conducted in March to May 2021. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Respondents reported some positive aspects of casual work. In particular, they liked the freedom to choose the workplace and working times that suited them. However, respondents’ experiences were mostly negative. They perceived the induction into work as being insufficient, felt they had too few opportunities to give and receive feedback and believed they were not accepted into the working community.

Conclusions

Students who have bad experiences while undertaking causal work in the health care and social sectors may develop an aversion towards working in those sectors after graduating. In order to ensure the sectors are attractive to graduates, casual student workers’ induction and experience of the workplace must be improved.
Effect of online Kundalini Yoga mental health of university students during Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brandão Tânia , Martins Inês , Torres Ana , Remondes-Costa Sónia
Published: January 2024

University students were at an increased risk for psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a randomized controlled trial, we examined the efficacy of an online Kundalini Yoga intervention on students’ psychological functioning. Healthy university students ( N = 106) were randomly assigned to a Kundalini Yoga group, an active control group, or a passive control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. The experimental group attended six Yoga sessions over 6 weeks and the active control group attended to six autogenic relaxation sessions over 6 weeks. All participants completed the study protocol, which involved answering questionnaires related to psychological distress, emotion regulation, self-compassion, self-concept, spiritual well-being, and subjective happiness at three different time points: baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at 1-month follow-up. Results showed that Yoga contributed to improving self-compassion, extrinsic affect improving, and personal and communal spiritual well-being, in comparison to the control groups.