bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 2 Receptor α Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang L-M , Zhang D-M , Xu Y-M , Sun S-L
Published: February 2013

This meta-analysis studied the association between interleukin 2 receptor a (IL2RA) gene polymorphisms rs2104286 and rs12722489 and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). Case-control genetic association studies published before January 2011 were retrieved from the PubMed and EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Library. Eight studies comprising 13 569 patients and 23 435 controls met the selection criteria for meta-analysis of the IL2RA rs2104286 polymorphism. Using a fixed-effects model, the T allele and the TT and TT + TC genotypes of the IL2RA rs2104286 polymorphism were found to be associated with MS. Five studies comprising 5643 patients and 6415 controls met the selection criteria for meta-analysis of the IL2RA rs12722489 polymorphism. Using a fixed-effects model, the C allele and the CC genotype of the IL2RA rs12722489 polymorphism were found to be associated with MS but the CC + CT genotype was not. It was concluded that both of the IL2RA gene polymorphisms, rs2104286 and rs12722489, were associated with increased susceptibility to MS.
Effect of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Wild-Type FLT3 in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Wang C-M , Sheng G-Y , Lu J , Xie L , Bai S-T , Xu X-J , Liu Y-F
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the effect of using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the wild-type FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells, in vitro and in vivo. FLT3 siRNA was introduced into the human AML cell line, THP1, and into a THP1 xenograft tumour model in BALB/c nude mice. FLT3 siRNA effectively reduced both the mRNA and the protein levels of FLT3, arrested cells in G0/G1 phase, inhibited THP1 cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Intraperitoneal injection of FLT3 siRNA suppressed tumour growth in BALB/c nude mice. FLT3 siRNA treatment also reduced cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein levels, and increased the nuclear level of silencing mediator for retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors protein both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that FLT3 siRNA is a strong inhibitor of FLT3 expression in vitro and in vivo, and may provide a new therapeutic target for AML.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Different Interventions for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Total Intravenous Anaesthesia using Propofol and Remifentanil versus Prophylactic Palonosetron with Inhalational Anaesthesia using Sevoflurane-Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Park SK , Cho EJ
Published: February 2013

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) can reduce the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) almost as much as a single antiemetic. This study compared TIVA (using propofol and remifentanil) with prophylactic palonosetron (a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist) combined with inhalation anaesthesia using sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide, for the prevention of PONV. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two prophylactic interventions: (i) palonosetron 0.075 mg, intravenously before induction of inhalation anaesthesia (palonosetron group); and (ii) TIVA (propofol target blood concentration 2.5-6.0 μg/ml; remifentanil target blood concentration 2.5-6.0 ng/ml; TIVA group). Nausea/vomiting occurrence and severity were monitored immediately after the end of surgery for 24 h. The incidence of PONV was around 50% in both groups and the severity of nausea was similar in both groups. Prophylactic palonosetron with inhalational anaesthesia using sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide reduced the incidence of PONV after gynaecological laparoscopic surgery almost as much as TIVA using propofol and remifentanil.
Therapeutic Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Hyperoxygenated Solution on Acute Haemorrhagic Shock in Rabbits
Authors: Xu H , Han LC , Gao W , Sun XX , Zhou Y , Meng XZ , Zhang H , Xu LX
Published: February 2013

Tissue anoxia is the main mechanism of the shock reaction. Here, the effect of hyperoxygenated solution (HOS) on acute haemorrhagic shock was studied in rabbits. At 60 min after shock, rabbits were infused intravenously with hyperoxygenated solution at 10 (HOS1 group) or 20 ml/kg (HOS2 group) or with Ringer's solution at 10 ml/kg (RS group). Compared with values before shock, values after shock were lower for mean arterial pressure (MAP), more negative for base excess (BE) and higher for blood lactate (BL) and blood viscosity. After infusion, MAP declined more slowly in the HOS1 and HOS2 groups than in the RS group. At 30 and 60 min after infusion, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were higher and BE was less negative in the HOS1 and HOS2 groups than in the RS group, BL was lower in the HOS1 and HOS2 groups than in the RS group, and PaO2 and SaO2 were higher in the HOS2 group than in the HOS1 group. It was concluded that HOS infusion can rectify changes in vital signs more effectively than Ringer's solution after acute haemorrhagic shock in rabbits.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Bone Regeneration in Vascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in the Rabbit
Authors: Abudusaimi A , Aihemaitijiang Y , Wang Y-H , Cui L , Maimaitiming S , Abulikemu M
Published: February 2013

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head was induced in rabbits by intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone and vascular occlusion of the capital femoral epiphysis by electrocoagulation. Eight weeks later the animals received no treatment (group A), core decompression by drilling a hole (diameter 1.2 mm) from the outer cortex 2.5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter (group B), or injection of 107 autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) directly into the femoral head (group C). Eight weeks later, microcomputed tomography scans indicated that bone and trabecular volume and density were significantly higher in group C than in other groups. Histology indicated more new bone formation in group C than in other groups. Group C showed strong osteocalcin immunoreactivity in subchondral bone osteoblasts in the necrotic femoral head, whereas few osteocalcin-positive cells were found among osteoblasts in other groups. Thus, autologous ADSC transplantation improved osteogenesis and the microstructure of vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrotic tissue.
Effect of Continuous Cuff Pressure Regulator in General Anaesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway
Authors: Jeon Y-S , Choi J-W , Jung H-S , Kim Y-S , Kim D-W , Kim J-H , Lee J-A
Published: February 2013

Postoperative pharyngolaryngeal complications (PPLC) occur during anaesthesia due to increased cuff pressure following the insertion of laryngeal mask airways. The use of a pressure regulator to prevent PPLC was evaluated in a prospective, randomized study. Sixty patients scheduled to receive general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to two equal groups of 30, either with or without the regulator. The ‘just seal’ cuff pressure (JSCP), cuff pressure at 5-min intervals during anaesthesia, incidence of pharyngeal sore throat (PST), dysphagia, dysphonia and other complications were evaluated at 1 and 24 h postoperatively. The combined mean ± SD JSCP of both groups was 20.3 ± 3.2 mmHg. In the group with the regulator, cuff pressure was maintained at a constant level during anaesthesia. This study demonstrated that the regulator is a simple, functional device that can reduce the incidence of PST significantly at 1 h postoperatively, following general anaesthesia.
Polymorphism H558R in the Human Cardiac Sodium Channel SCN5A Gene is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chen L , Zhang W , Fang C , Jiang S , Shu C , Cheng H , Li F , Li H
Published: February 2013

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmias and its prevalence is increasing worldwide in line with the growing elderly population. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations are associated with AF, including the common loss-of-function histidine-558-to-arginine (H558R) polymorphism of the human cardiac sodium channel, voltage-gated, type V, α subunit (encoded by the SCN5A gene). The H558R polymorphism results from the T-C transition in the SCN5A gene. This study recruited 135 patients with AF and 296 healthy controls to scan for and perform targeted genotyping of the H558R polymorphism of the SCN5A gene. Logistic regression analysis showed that the TC and CC genotypes (i.e. genotypes that result in the R558 polymorphism) were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing AF. The R558 polymorphism conferred an odds ratio for AF of 3.451 (95% confidence interval 1.718, 6.931). In conclusion, this study provided evidence for the role of the H558R polymorphism of the SCN5A gene in increasing the susceptibility to AF.
Coexistence of blaOXA48 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr Genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates from Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Nazik H , Öngen B , Mete B , Aydin S , Yemişen M , Keleşoğlu FM , Ergul Y , Tabak F
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated the presence of carbapenem hydrolysing β-lactamase genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in 22 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from the Istanbul Medical Faculty, Turkey, which reduced the susceptibility or resistance to carbapenem. The VITEK® 2 system and E-tests were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations needed to inhibit bacterial growth. Genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction, and gene transferability was evaluated by transconjugation. Strain clonality was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All strains were OXA-48 β-lactamase producers and three (13.6%) were also positive for the aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene. Most of the strains harboured other b-lactamase (bla) genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaVEB-1. The transconjugants mostly harboured blaOXA-48 and other β-lactamases separately. PFGE revealed eight pulsotypes among the isolates. The coexistence of blaOXA-48 and PMQR in K. pneumoniae isolates may present a significant threat to health, especially in the nosocomial setting.
The Relationship between the Antioxidant System and Anaemia in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Çelik G , Yöntem M , Bilge M , Cilo M , Ünaldi M
Published: February 2013

Anaemia and oxidative stress are common features of chronic kidney disease, and both are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. There is growing evidence, from experimental and clinical studies, that oxidative stress may be implicated in the pathogenesis of anaemia. This study investigated the relationship between total antioxidant capacity, anaemia and serum albumin levels in 127 non-diabetic patients requiring haemodialysis. Total serum antioxidant capacity levels were determined and were found to be significantly correlated with levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum albumin, serum total protein, malondialdehyde (a product of lipid peroxidation), potassium, phosphorus and alanine transaminase. There was also a significant correlation between serum albumin levels and haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. In conclusion, total antioxidant capacity was found to be inversely correlated with malondialdehyde levels and positively correlated with haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in non-diabetic patients requiring haemodialysis. Patients with high serum albumin concentrations and high total antioxidant capacity may also have high (i.e. normal) levels of haemoglobin.
A Comparison between Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery and Traditional Trans-Sphenoidal Microsurgery for Functioning Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Cheng R-X , Tian H-L , Gao W-W , Li Z-Q
Published: February 2013

This retrospective study reviewed and compared the efficacy and safety outcomes following trans-sphenoidal endoscopy or microsurgery approaches in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas: 68 patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resections and 59 patients had microsurgical resections. Tumours were classified according to diameter and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Overall disease control rates were 70.6% following endoscopy and 49.2% following microsurgery. The most obvious between-group difference was observed in macroadenomas: disease control rates were 63.9% following endoscopy and 27.3% following microsurgery. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks, diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion were observed postoperatively in both groups. The complication rate was lower following endoscopy compared with microsurgery (this difference was not statistically significant). Trans-sphenoidal endoscopy resection achieved good results in pituitary tumours, particularly for the complete removal of macroadenomas, and was an effective alternative to microsurgery.
QT Dispersion is Not Increased in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Topal F , Tanindi A , Kurtoglu HG , Akbulut S , Kucukazman M , Topal FE
Published: February 2013

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoimmune disease inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and sterile polyserositis. This study examined electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization parameters (QT interval and QT dispersion) in 38 FMF patients and 35 healthy controls. The QT interval was measured manually from the onset of QRS to the end of the T wave (return to the TP baseline). QT dispersion was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT values, and corrected QT was calculated according to the Bazett formula. There were no significant differences between FMF patients and healthy control subjects in any parameter of ventricular repolarization; hence QT dispersion was not affected by FMF. Electrocardiographic assessment of QT interval and QT dispersion are, therefore, of little value for the evaluation of cardiac impairment and risk of arrhythmia in FMF patients.
Relationship between Cytochrome P450 2C19*2 Polymorphism and Stent Thrombosis following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chinese Patients Receiving Clopidogrel
Authors: Luo Y , Zhao Y-T , Verdo A , Qi W-G , Zhang D-F , Hu B
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the relationship between the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) *2 polymorphism (681A) and definite stent thrombosis (ST) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and receiving clopidogrel (75 mg/day, orally). The CYP2C19*2 polymorphism status of 1738 Chinese patients with coronary artery disease was examined. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of definite ST during the 180-day follow-up period. The presence of at least one CYP2C19*2 allele was significantly associated with increased ST risk (19 CYP2C19*2/*2 or *1/*2 patients [2.4%] versus seven homozygous wild-type CYP2C19*1/*1 patients [0.75%]). The risk of definite ST was highest in patients with the CYP2C19*2/*2 genotype. The CYP2C19*2 genotype is associated with an increased risk of definite ST following coronary stent placement among Chinese patients with coronary artery disease receiving clopidogrel.
Primary T-Cell Lymphoma of the Urinary Bladder Presenting with Haematuria and Hydroureteronephrosis
Authors: Wang L , Cao ZZ , Qi L
Published: February 2013

Primary bladder lymphoma, a rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is confined to the urinary bladder, is usually of B-cell origin. This report describes an extremely rare case of primary T-cell lymphoma of the urinary bladder. A 45-year-old man presented with haematuria, dysuria and loin pain. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a thickened left bladder wall and left hydroureteronephrosis. A diagnosis of primary T-cell lymphoma of the urinary bladder was made on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological findings. The patient, following transurethral resection, was treated with four cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy with a good response and remains in clinical remission 12 months after treatment.
Expression and Biological Relationship of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Yang S , Zhao Z , Wu R , Lu H , Zhang X , Huan C , Wang C , Wu X , Guan G
Published: February 2013

Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was studied in gastric carcinoma patients in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Fifty-four samples of gastric carcinoma tissue and 15 samples of adjacent normal gastric mucosal tissue were examined immunohistochemically. Expression rates of VEGF-A (66.7%) and MMP-9 (63.0%) in carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than in normal tissue (6.7% for both proteins). VEGF-A and MMP-9 expression was associated with tumour size, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, degree of histological differentiation and pathological stage, but not age or sex. VEGF-A expression was positively correlated with that of MMP-9. Expression of VEGF-A and MMP-9 were each inversely correlated with 5-year survival. VEGF-A and MMP-9 were overexpressed in tumours compared with normal tissue; they may act together to increase carcinogenesis and the progression, invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, and could be used as biomarkers for the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
Observation of Curative Efficacy and Prognosis following Combination Chemotherapy with Celecoxib in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jin C-H , Wang A-H , Chen J-M , Li R-X , Liu X-M , Wang G-P , Xing L-Q
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the antitumour and chemosensitizing effects of celecoxib in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. A total of 90 patients were randomly divided into two groups: group CF was treated with a combination of celecoxib and the folinic acid-fluorouracil-oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) regimen; and group F was treated with the FOLFOX4 regimen alone. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour tissues for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein was performed. With regard to short-term efficacy, the response and disease control rates were significantly greater in group CF than group F. A log-rank test showed that the 3-year survival rate was significantly greater in group CF than group F. It was concluded that the addition of celecoxib to the FOLFOX4 regimen increased the short-term efficacy and the 3-year survival rate, and improved the quality of life of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The antitumour and chemosensitizing effects of celecoxib appeared to be independent of COX-2.
Predictive Capabilities of Serum Eosinophil Cationic Protein, Percentage of Eosinophils and Total Immunoglobulin E in Allergic Rhinitis without Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Jung YG , Kim KH , Kim HY , Dhong HJ , Chung SK
Published: February 2013

This study identified cut-off values for allergy markers for use in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in the absence of other allergic diseases. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and the numbers of eosinophils were measured in serum samples from 442 patients with typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. A definite diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of specific IgE levels. Cut-off values with a maximal discrimination to diagnose allergic rhinitis were found to be 98.7 IU/ml, 24.7 μg/ml and 4.0% for total IgE, ECP and eosinophils, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio for these values were 75.2%, 69.7% and 6.93, respectively, for total IgE, 55.7%, 74.4% and 3.70 for ECP, and 57.5%, 72.0% and 3.47 for eosinophils. A composite score representing positive results for all three markers had a positive predictive value of 85.3%, with an odds ratio of 8.55. It was concluded that total serum IgE, ECP and eosinophil percentage are strong predictors of allergic rhinitis and the determination of cut-off values for these markers can aid in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in the clinical setting.
A New Approach to the Detection of Lesions in Mammography Using Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Wang Y , Shi H , Ma S
Published: February 2013

Breast cancer is a leading cause of female mortality and its early detection is an important means of reducing this. The present study investigated an approach, based on fuzzy clustering, to detect small lesions, such as microcalcifications and other masses, that are hard to recognize in breast cancer screening. A total of 180 mammograms were analysed and classified by radiologists into three groups ( n = 60 per group): those with microcalcifications; those with tumours; and those with no lesions. Twenty mammograms were taken as training data sets from each of the groups. The algorithm was then applied to the data not taken for training. Analysis by fuzzy clustering achieved a mean accuracy of 99.7% compared with the radiologists' findings. It was concluded that the fuzzy clustering algorithm allowed for more efficient and accurate detection of breast lesions and may improve the early detection of breast tumours.
Detection of Bladder Cancer Recurrence with Real-Time Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography-Based Virtual Cystoscopy
Authors: Gulsen F , Dikici S , Mihmanli I , Ozbayrak M , Onal B , Obek C , Kantarci F
Published: February 2013

This prospective study evaluated the accuracy of grey-scale two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography and real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography-based virtual cystoscopy for detecting early recurrence of bladder cancer in previously treated patients ( n = 40). Real-time 3D ultrasonography-based virtual cystoscopy images were compared with both 2D ultrasonography and interval conventional cystoscopy pathology results. Ultrasound examinations were performed before routine follow-up with conventional cystoscopy. Overall sensitivity for real-time 3D ultrasonography-based virtual cystoscopy was lower than for 2D ultrasonography, indicating it did not provide additional information. The results of combined (2D and 3D) ultrasonography and conventional cystoscopy differed significantly. Where lesions were detected with combined ultrasonography, the number of previous cystoscopies was lower and the tumour stage was significantly higher at initial diagnosis, compared with cases where no lesions were detected. The results suggest that ultrasonography before cystoscopy can be performed more frequently - or, if no lesions are detected by ultrasonography, the interval between cystoscopies can be prolonged - in patients at high risk of bladder cancer recurrence.
Assessment of the CKD-EPI Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in Adults from a Chinese CKD Population
Authors: Liao Y , Liao W , Liu J , Xu G , Zeng R
Published: February 2013

The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was introduced to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients based on serum creatinine. The CKD-EPI equation shows better accuracy compared with the current gold standard equation, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, but it has not been externally validated in Chinese patients. This study compared the CKD-EPI equation with the original MDRD equation and two Chinese MDRD-based equations for estimating GFR in 200 Chinese CKD patients. The 99mTc-diethylenetriamine penta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) method was used to determine actual GFR. The CKD-EPI equation produced GFR estimates that were more consistent with the 99mTc-DTPA GFR than did the MDRD equations. The precision and accuracy of the CKD-EPI equation were significantly higher than those of the MDRD equations. In conclusion, the CKD-EPI equation was superior to the existing MDRD equations in terms of estimating GFR and we recommend its clinical use in Chinese CKD patients.
Increased Expression of MicroRNA-21 and Its Association with Chemotherapeutic Response in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu K , Li G , Fan C , Zhou X , Wu B , Li J
Published: February 2013

The expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) was determined in 42 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The level of miR-21 in CRC tumour tissue was compared with paired normal adjacent tissue (NAT) and the relationships of miR-21 levels to clinicopathological characteristics and pathological tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were investigated. There was a significantly higher level of miR-21 in CRC tumour tissue than in NAT and high expression of miR-21 was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage and poor cell differentiation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a maximum optimal cut-off cycle threshold value of 10.32 for differentiating pathological responders from non-responders, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 88.2%. These data showed that miR-21 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tumour tissue and was associated with advanced CRC, and that miR-21 may be a potential candidate biomarker for predicting pathological tumour response to chemotherapy.
Let-7c MicroRNA Expression and Clinical Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu X-M , Wu L-J , Xu J , Yang R , Wu F-S
Published: February 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNAs that are often dysregulated during carcinogenesis. Downregulation of let-7 miRNA in many human cancers indicates its role in tumourigenesis. This study evaluated the levels of let-7c miRNA, using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, between 32 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and matched normal adjacent tumour tissues within the context of the patient's clinical pathology. Levels of let-7c miRNA were significantly lower in HCC tissues than in corresponding normal adjacent tumour tissues and there was a correlation between the downregulation of let-7c and poor tissue differentiation in HCC. There was no correlation between let-7c miRNA levels and other clinicopathological factors, such as patient age, sex, hepatitis B virus status, α-fetoprotein levels, tumour size, tumour number, the presence of cirrhosis, liver envelope invasion or portal vein thrombosis. These data suggested that let-7c microRNA may play a role in regulating HCC cell differentiation.
Effectiveness and Safety of Patient-Initiated Single-Dose versus Continuous Low-Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhong YH , Fang Y , Zhou JZ , Tang Y , Gong SM , Ding XQ
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated patient-initiated single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis and continuous long-term low-dose daily antibiotic use for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in 68 postmenopausal women. The women were randomized to take a low-dose antibiotic each night (continuous group, n = 37) or a single-dose antibiotic each time they experienced conditions predisposing to UTI (intermittent group, n = 31). During the 12-month study, 1.4 and 1.9 UTIs/patient developed in the continuous and the intermittent groups, respectively, which was significantly lower than the incidence of UTIs in the previous 12 months in these patients (4.7 and 5.1 UTIs/patient, respectively). The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was significantly lower in the intermittent group compared with the continuous group (9.1% versus 30.0%). In conclusion, patient-initiated single-dose intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis was as effective as low-dose daily antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women and was associated with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events.
The Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Plantar Pressure Distribution in Patients with Diabetic Toe Deformity: A Dynamic Plantar Pressure Analysis
Authors: Yu X , Yu G-R , Chen Y-X , Liu X-C
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated plantar pressure distribution and its clinical significance in patients with diabetic foot toe deformities. Patients with diabetic claw or hammer toe deformities (patient group; n = 30) and healthy subjects without toe deformities (control group; n = 30) were recruited into the study. Plantar pressures in different regions of the foot were measured using the F-scan® in-shoe plantar pressure dynamic analysis system. Peak pressures in the hallux and first to fifth metatarsal heads were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group. In the midfoot there was no significant difference between the two groups. Hindfoot peak plantar pressures were significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group. The results indicated that toe deformities in patients with diabetes increased forefoot plantar pressures to abnormally high levels. If plantar pressure is regularly monitored in patients with diabetic foot, toe deformities might be detected earlier and ulceration prevented.
New Type of Seton with Irrigating Tube for the Treatment of High Complex Anal Fistula: A Simple and Effective Instrument
Authors: Zhang J-T , Zhou W-L , Yuan C-H , Kang Z-H , Zhao P-W , Wang L
Published: February 2013

This study compared the clinical results of surgical treatment of high complex anal fistula with a conventional seton and a new type of seton consisting of an elastic sheath and alloy core tube for irrigation of the wound track. A total of 438 patients were included in the study; 215 were treated with a conventional seton and 223 with the new-type seton. In patients treated with the new-type seton, the wound track was irrigated daily with 100 ml physiological saline, 100 ml hypertonic saline and 0.5 g metronidazole gel from the second postoperative day until seton removal. The new-type seton was associated with significant reductions in recurrence rate, length of stay and healing time compared with the conventional seton, but there were no significant differences in operation time or postoperative incontinence rates. It is concluded that the new-type seton with irrigating tube can improve the treatment of high complex anal fistula.
Effect of Ramipril Therapy on Abnormal Left Atrial Appendage Function
Authors: Asker M , Timucin OB , Asker S , Karadag MF
Published: February 2013

This study investigated whether ramipril treatment has a beneficial effect on left atrial appendage (LAA) function in patients with systemic hypertension in sinus rhythm. Patients with untreated systemic hypertension and normal left ventricular systolic function in sinus rhythm ( n = 20; six males/14 females; age 35 – 69 years, mean ± SD 52.8 ± 8.9 years) were evaluated using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with 5 mg/day ramipril. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly after ramipril therapy. Baseline LAA emptying velocity was below the age-related reference value for this parameter, indicating abnormal LAA function. There were significant increases in the LAA filling and emptying velocities after ramipril treatment. It is concluded that the decrease in blood pressure and haemodynamic improvements brought about by ramipril therapy resulted in improved LAA function in hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular systolic function in sinus rhythm.
Evaluation of Neonatal Pneumothorax
Authors: Apiliogullari B , Sunam GS , Ceran S , Koc H
Published: February 2013

Pneumothorax progresses quickly in newborns and can lead to death. This study collected data prospectively over a 2-year period on risk factors, clinical course and prognostic factors of newborn cases diagnosed and treated for pneumothorax. Thirty patients were evaluated for risk factors including concurrent disease, method and duration of chest drainage, oxygen saturation and mechanical ventilation. Pneumothorax developed mostly in male and mature infants during the first 48 h following birth; risk factors included concurrent respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration. Mechanical ventilation was undertaken in 18 (60%) of the patients. Closed-tube drainage was used in 28 (93%) of the patients. Nine out of 10 patients (90%) whose oxygen saturation remained < 90% died. Thus, pneumothorax may develop during the neonatal period, especially in the presence of risk factors, and neonates with < 90% oxygen saturation, despite treatment, have a high mortality rate.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Clinical Practice — Implications of the ONTARGET Study
Authors: Jarvis S
Published: February 2013

Hypertension and cardiovascular disease remain the major causes of premature morbidity and mortality. Following a diagnosis of hypertension, treatment with antihypertensive medication will almost invariably be lifelong. Even when prescribed treatment, many patients remain above blood pressure goals, and this is particularly common in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events due to the presence of other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus. An important cause of this failure is medication nonadherence, which is particularly common with treatments that have side-effects. Antihypertensive drugs do not make the patient feel better in the short term, but side-effects often occur immediately. The ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) is highly relevant to clinical practice because it demonstrated that the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan is as effective as the proven angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in preventing cardiovascular events in high-risk patients, while being better tolerated. Evidence of the advantages of telmisartan in the management of cardiovascular morbidity suggest, therefore, that it might be a better treatment option for hypertensive patients and that switching to generic ARBs may not always be best.
A Combination of High-Dose Vitamin C plus Zinc for the Common Cold
Authors: Maggini S , Beveridge S , Suter M
Published: February 2013

Vitamin C and zinc play important roles in nutrition, immune defence and maintenance of health. Intake of both is often inadequate, even in affluent populations. The common cold continues to place a great burden on society in terms of suffering and economic loss. After an overview of the literature on the effects of the separate administration of either vitamin C or zinc against the common cold, this article presents data from two preliminary, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, conducted with a combination of 1000 mg vitamin C plus 10 mg zinc in patients with the common cold. In both studies, a nonsignificant reduction of rhinorrhoea duration (range 9 – 27%) was seen. In pooled analyses of both studies ( n = 94), vitamin C plus zinc was significantly more efficient than placebo at reducing rhinorrhoea over 5 days of treatment. Furthermore, symptom relief was quicker and the product was well tolerated. In view of the burden associated with the common cold, supplementation with vitamin C plus zinc may represent an efficacious measure, with a good safety profile, against this infectious viral disease.
Celecoxib Radiosensitizes the Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Line via a Mechanism Dependent on Reduced Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Expression
Authors: Wang AH , Tian XY , Yu JJ , Mi JQ , Liu H , Wang RF
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: The effects of celecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on HeLa cervical cancer cell growth and radiosensitivity were investigated. METHODS: Cytotoxicity was quantified using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay and effects on radiosensitivity were assessed using the lethal dose, quasithreshold dose, fraction surviving after 2 Gy irradiation and the radiosensitization ratio (SER, based on average lethal dose) determined using a single-hit multitarget model. RESULTS: Celecoxib inhibited HeLa cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration at 72 h of 44 μmol/l. Treatment with 20 μmol/l celecoxib for 72 h before irradiation was associated with an SER of 2.01. The SER of irradiated cells was 2.41 when treated with 40 μmol/l celecoxib before irradiation, 1.89 when treated simultaneously and 1.44 when treated after irradiation. Celecoxib down-regulated COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) expression evaluated immunohistochemically. CONCLUSION: Celecoxib pretreatment radiosensitizes HeLa cells via a mechanism dependent on down-regulation of COX-2 and VEGF-C.
Growth Inhibition of Malignant Melanoma by Intermediate Frequency Alternating Electric Fields, and the Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Chen H , Liu R , Liu J , Tang J
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the antitumour effects of intermediate frequency alternating electric fields (IF-AEF) in a murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) and a mouse tumour model. METHODS: IF-AEF was applied at 100 kHz. Proliferation of B16F10 cells in vitro was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. IF-AEF was applied in vivo to mice bearing B16F10 tumours. Terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis, and immunohistochemical detection of CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were performed. RESULTS: IF-AEF inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 cells in an electrical intensity and time-dependent manner. Treatment with IF-AEF for 7 days significantly inhibited the growth of tumours compared with untreated controls. IF-AEF induced apoptosis in vivo and reduced CD34-positive cell numbers; CD34 is a special marker of microvessel density. CONCLUSION: IF-AEF reduced microvessel density related to tumour growth and may serve as a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
A Primary Proteomic Analysis of Serum from Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Hu X , Zhang P , Shang A , Li Q , Xia Y , Jia G , Liu W , Xiao X , He D
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: The early diagnosis of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is difficult. The objective of this study was to find specific protein biomarkers to aid in the early detection of NFPA. METHODS: Serum samples from 34 patients with NFPA and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were analysed using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF—MS) technology. The spectra were generated, protein peak clustering was performed and classification analyses were carried out using a decision tree classification algorithm. RESULTS: Nine differentially expressed serum proteins were identified in the patients with NFPA compared with the control subjects. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the decision tree classification algorithm were 82.4% for NFPA. CONCLUSIONS: Nine new serum protein biomarkers for NFPA were identified. SELDI-TOF—MS coupled with data mining tools might provide a novel approach for the early diagnosis of NFPA and population screening for the disease.
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Multiple Blunt Trauma
Authors: Gokdemir MT , Sogut O , Kaya H , Sayhan MB , Cevik M , Dokuzoglu MA , Boleken ME
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluated serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), along with the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS), as predictors of clinical outcome in the early post-traumatic period in patients with multiple blunt trauma (MBT). METHODS: The study included 52 patients admitted to the emergency department with MBT and 40 age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The overall MBT patient mortality was 32.7% (17/52). There was no significant association between age and mortality in MBT patients, but there was a negative correlation between mortality and RTS, and a positive correlation between mortality and ISS. TOS levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. There was no correlation between TAS or OSI and survival. ISS and RTS showed positive and negative correlations with TOS level, respectively, but neither was significantly related to TAS or OSI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that TOS, as an early oxidative stress biomarker, may be an objective alternative criterion to the ISS and RTS for managing patients with MBT during the early period following traumatic injury.
Comparison of the Optimal Effect-Site Concentrations of Remifentanil for Preventing Cough during Emergence from Desflurane or Sevoflurane Anaesthesia
Authors: Cho HB , Kim JY , Kim DH , Kim DW , Chae YJ
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect-site concentrations of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) that produced 50% and 95% of the maximal effect (EC50 and EC95, respectively) for preventing cough during emergence from desflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia, in patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy. METHODS: Adults undergoing elective thyroidectomy were randomized to receive anaesthesia with desflurane or sevoflurane. The EC50 and EC95 values for remifentanil TCI were determined using Dixon's up-and-down method and probit analysis with sigmoid curve. RESULTS: In total, 48 patients aged 20 – 64 years were enrolled in the study. The EC50 ± SD of remifentanil TCI, determined by Dixon's up-and-down method, were 1.54 ± 0.70 and 1.11 ± 0.24 ng/ml for desflurane and sevoflurane, respectively. The EC95 of remifentanil TCI, analysed by probit analysis, were 2.88 ng/ml and 2.29 ng/ml for desflurane and sevoflurane, respectively. The effect-site concentration of remifentanil TCI for preventing cough during emergence from desflurane anaesthesia was not significantly higher than that observed for sevoflurane. CONCLUSIONS: During emergence from anaesthesia, variations in effect-site concentrations of remifentanil for preventing cough are of limited importance as they do not generate significant differences in results.
Oral Fluid Testing for Illicit Substance Use in Preanaesthetic Care
Authors: Kork F , Kleinwächter R , Weiss-Gerlach E , Broecker S , Pragst F , Wernecke K-D , Spies C
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: Due to specific risks associated with illicit drug use, the preanaesthetic detection of illicit substances is essential. This prospective observational study evaluated oral fluid testing and self reporting of illicit drug use compared with confirmatory blood testing. METHODS: Consecutively enrolled preanaesthetic and emergency room patients ( n = 939) completed a paper-based lifestyle questionnaire. An oral fluid sample was obtained and analysed for illicit substance use by a point-of-care testing device (Dräger Drugtest® 5000). Patients who tested positive by self reporting or oral fluid testing underwent confirmatory blood testing ( n = 117). RESULTS: Self reporting revealed more overall illicit substance use and more users of cannabinoids, amphetamines, opioids, cocaine and benzodiazepines than oral fluid testing. Self reporting was more sensitive than blood testing for the detection of overall illicit substance use, and for use of cannabinoids and benzodiazepines. CONCLUSIONS: Self reporting revealed higher rates of illicit substance use than oral fluid testing in preanaesthetic patients, and may lead to more interventions and more appropriately tailored treatment and anaesthesia compared with oral fluid testing.
A New Molecular Diagnostic Approach to Assess Y Chromosome Microdeletions in Infertile Men
Authors: Sun K , Chen X-F , Zhu X-B , Hu H-L , Zhang W , Shao F-M , Li P , Miao Q-L , Huang Y-R , Li Z
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: A key cause of spermatogenetic failure in infertile males is microdeletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions of the Y chromosome. This study screened for microdeletions in the AZF regions using suspension array technology and compared the results with those from polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS: Patients with spermatogenetic failure ( n = 507) and healthy control sperm donors ( n = 100) were recruited. DNA samples were analysed using both multiplex PCR with gel electrophoresis and suspension array technology. RESULTS: The suspension array method identified 45 infertile males with Y chromosome microdeletions, while none was found in the controls. Amongst the AZF subregions, two cases had deletions in AZFa, three in AZFb, 35 in AZFc, three in AZFbc and two in AZFabc. The results from 507 patients were identical when analysed with either suspension array or multiplex PCR, however suspension array technology offered improved sensitivity, may be more accurate and could give time and cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: Suspension array technology offers a rapid and high-throughput method for Y chromosome microdeletion screening in infertile men.
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Newborns with Oesophageal Atresia and Their Mothers
Authors: Melek M , Demir H , Bilici S , Beger B , Çobanoğlu U , Meral I , Keskin S , Ozmen E
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: To measure the oxidant/antioxidant status of newborn babies with oesophageal atresia and their mothers, compared with healthy control subjects. METHODS: This case—control study included 40 participants: 10 newborns with oesophageal atresia and their mothers, and 10 healthy newborns and their mothers. Whole blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, carbonic anhydrase [CA], glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G-6-PD], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were measured. RESULTS: MDA levels and CA activity were significantly higher, and catalase, SOD and G-6-PD activities were significantly lower, in newborns with oesophageal atresia and their mothers than in healthy newborns and their mothers. Although CA activity was similar between the newborns and mothers in the patient group, it was significantly lower in newborns than in mothers in the healthy group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased lipid peroxidation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of oesophageal atresia. Impairment of the free radical/antioxidant balance may lead to increased free radical and decreased antioxidant levels in oesophageal atresia.
DAOA Variants on Diagnosis and Response to Treatment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Chiesa A , Pae C-U , Porcelli S , Han C , Lee S-J , Patkar AA , Park MH , Jun T-Y , Serretti A
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether selected D-amino acid oxidase activator ( DAOA) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3916966, rs3916967, rs2391191, rs3916968, rs7139958, rs9558571, rs778293) are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and whether they can predict clinical outcomes in Korean in-patients treated with antidepressants and mood stabilizers, respectively. METHODS: In total, 145 patients with MDD, 132 patients with BD and 170 psychiatrically healthy controls were genotyped for the DAOA SNPs. Baseline and final clinical assessments included the Montgomery—Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale for patients with MDD and BD, respectively. RESULTS: There was no association between DAOA SNP genotypes or alleles with diagnosis, clinical improvement, response rates or remission rates for MDD and BD. Haplotype analyses found no association with MDD or BD diagnosis or clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the DAOA SNPs investigated may not affect MDD or BD phenotype, clinical symptoms or other clinical factors, and are unlikely to be involved in MDD or BD development and treatment outcomes. Given the study's limitations, further investigation should be carried out.