bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GO‐Compass: Visual Navigation of Multiple Lists of GO terms
Authors: Harbig T. , Paz M. Witte , Nieselt K.
Published: June 2023

Analysis pipelines in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics commonly produce lists of genes, e.g., differentially expressed genes. Often these lists overlap only partly or not at all and contain too many genes for manual comparison. However, using background knowledge, such as the functional annotations of the genes, the lists can be abstracted to functional terms. One approach is to run Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses to determine over‐ and/or underrepresented functions for every list of genes. Due to the hierarchical structure of the Gene Ontology, lists of enriched GO terms can contain many closely related terms, rendering the lists still long, redundant, and difficult to interpret for researchers.

In this paper, we present GO‐Compass (Gene Ontology list comparison using Semantic Similarity), a visual analytics tool for the dispensability reduction and visual comparison of lists of GO terms. For dispensability reduction, we adapted the RE‐VIGO algorithm, a summarization method based on the semantic similarity of GO terms, to perform hierarchical dispensability clustering on multiple lists. In an interactive dashboard, GO‐Compass offers several visualizations for the comparison and improved interpretability of GO terms lists. The hierarchical dispensability clustering is visualized as a tree, where users can interactively filter out dispensable GO terms and create flat clusters by cutting the tree at a chosen dispensability. The flat clusters are visualized in animated treemaps and are compared using a correlation heatmap, UpSet plots, and bar charts. With two use cases on published datasets from different omics domains, we demonstrate the general applicability and effectiveness of our approach. In the first use case, we show how the tool can be used to compare lists of differentially expressed genes from a transcriptomics pipeline and incorporate gene information into the analysis. In the second use case using genomics data, we show how GO‐Compass facilitates the analysis of many hundreds of GO terms. For qualitative evaluation of the tool, we conducted feedback sessions with five domain experts and received positive comments. GO‐Compass is part of the Tue‐Vis Visualization Server as a web application available at https://go‐compass‐tuevis.cs.uni‐tuebingen.de/
Unfolding Edges: Adding Context to Edges in Multivariate Graph Visualization
Authors: Bludau M.‐J. , Dörk M. , Tominski C.
Published: June 2023

Existing work on visualizing multivariate graphs is primarily concerned with representing the attributes of nodes. Even though edges are the constitutive elements of networks, there have been only few attempts to visualize attributes of edges. In this work, we focus on the critical importance of edge attributes for interpreting network visualizations and building trust in the underlying data. We propose ‘unfolding of edges’ as an interactive approach to integrate multivariate edge attributes dynamically into existing node‐link diagrams. Unfolding edges is an in‐situ approach that gradually transforms basic links into detailed representations of the associated edge attributes. This approach extends focus+context, semantic zoom, and animated transitions for network visualizations to accommodate edge details on‐demand without cluttering the overall graph layout. We explore the design space for the unfolding of edges, which covers aspects of making space for the unfolding, of actually representing the edge context, and of navigating between edges. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we present two case studies in the context of historical network analysis and computational social science. For these, web‐based prototypes were implemented based on which we conducted interviews with domain experts. The experts' feedback suggests that the proposed unfolding of edges is a useful tool for exploring rich edge information of multivariate graphs.
Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real‐World Environments
Authors: Pathmanathan N. , Öney S. , Becher M. , Sedlmair M. , Weiskopf D. , Kurzhals K.
Published: June 2023

The distribution of visual attention can be evaluated using eye tracking, providing valuable insights into usability issues and interaction patterns. However, when used in real, augmented, and collaborative environments, new challenges arise that go beyond desktop scenarios and purely virtual environments. Toward addressing these challenges, we present a visualization technique that provides complementary views on the movement and eye tracking data recorded from multiple people in real‐world environments. Our method is based on a space‐time cube visualization and a linked 3D replay of recorded data. We showcase our approach with an experiment that examines how people investigate an artwork collection. The visualization provides insights into how people moved and inspected individual pictures in their spatial context over time. In contrast to existing methods, this analysis is possible for multiple participants without extensive annotation of areas of interest. Our technique was evaluated with a think‐aloud experiment to investigate analysis strategies and an interview with domain experts to examine the applicability in other research fields.
The State of the Art in Visualizing Dynamic Multivariate Networks
Authors: Kale Bharat , Sun Maoyuan , Papka Michael E.
Published: June 2023

Most real‐world networks are both dynamic and multivariate in nature, meaning that the network is associated with various attributes and both the network structure and attributes evolve over time. Visualizing dynamic multivariate networks is of great significance to the visualization community because of their wide applications across multiple domains. However, it remains challenging because the techniques should focus on representing the network structure, attributes and their evolution concurrently. Many real‐world network analysis tasks require the concurrent usage of the three aspects of the dynamic multivariate networks. In this paper, we analyze current techniques and present a taxonomy to classify the existing visualization techniques based on three aspects: temporal encoding, topology encoding, and attribute encoding. Finally, we survey application areas and evaluation methods; and discuss challenges for future research.
Altered gray‐to‐white matter tissue contrast in preterm‐born adults
Authors: Schmitz‐Koep Benita , Menegaux Aurore , Zimmermann Juliana , Thalhammer Melissa , Neubauer Antonia , Wendt Jil , Schinz David , Daamen Marcel , Boecker Henning , Zimmer Claus , Priller Josef , Wolke Dieter , Bartmann Peter , Sorg Christian , Hedderich Dennis M.
Published: June 2023

Aims

To investigate cortical organization in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of preterm‐born adults using percent contrast of gray‐to‐white matter signal intensities (GWPC), which is an in vivo proxy measure for cortical microstructure.

Methods

Using structural MRI, we analyzed GWPC at different percentile fractions across the cortex (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 86 very preterm‐born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight <1500 g, VP/VLBW) adults and 103 full‐term controls at 26 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed by full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Results

GWPC was significantly decreased in VP/VLBW adults in frontal, parietal, and temporal associative cortices, predominantly in the right hemisphere. Differences were pronounced at 20%, 30%, and 40%, hence, in middle cortical layers. GWPC was significantly increased in right paracentral lobule in VP/VLBW adults. GWPC in frontal and temporal cortices was positively correlated with birth weight, and negatively with duration of ventilation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, GWPC in right paracentral lobule was negatively correlated with IQ (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Widespread aberrant gray‐to‐white matter contrast suggests lastingly altered cortical microstructure after preterm birth, mainly in middle cortical layers, with differential effects on associative and primary cortices.
A framework for linking hemispheric, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds
Authors: DeLuca William V. , Seavy Nathaniel E. , Grand Joanna , Velásquez‐Tibatá Jorge , Taylor Lotem , Bowler Cat , Deppe Jill L. , Knight Erika J. , Lentijo Gloria M. , Meehan Timothy D. , Michel Nicole L. , Saunders Sarah P. , Schillerstrom Nolan , Smith Melanie A. , Witko Chad , Wilsey Chad B.
Published: June 2023

The conservation of migratory birds poses a fundamental challenge, their conservation requires coordinated action across the hemisphere, but those actions must be designed and implemented locally. To address this challenge, we describe a multilevel framework for linking broad‐scale, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds. We developed hemisphere‐scale spatial prioritizations for the full annual cycle of migratory birds that breed in six different ecosystems in North America. The full annual cycle prioritizations provide a hemispheric context within which regional priorities can be identified. Finer resolution, regional prioritizations can then inform local conservation actions more effectively. We describe the importance of local conservation practitioner contributions at each level of the process and provide two examples of regional spatial prioritizations that were developed to guide local action. The first example focused on coastal North and South Carolina, USA, and used information on marsh birds, shorebirds, ecological integrity, and co‐benefits for people to identify Cape Romain, South Carolina as a high‐priority site for conservation action. The second example in Colombia used information on migrant and resident birds to identify the Cauca Valley as a high‐priority site. The multilevel conceptual framework we describe is one pathway for identifying sites for implementation of local conservation actions that are guided by conservation priorities for migratory birds across their full annual cycle.
Striking a balance between ecological, economic, governance, and social dimensions in marine protected area network evaluations
Authors: Meehan Mairi C. , Singh Gerald G. , Ban Natalie C. , Devillers Rodolphe , Claudet Joachim
Published: June 2023

Marine protected area networks (MPANs) are promised as tools for protecting biodiversity and contributing to sustainable development. The variety of expected social‐ecological outcomes associated with MPANs underscores a need to consider ecological, economic, governance, and social dimensions in MPAN design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. However, little is known about how these four dimensions are considered or shaped by objectives. We conducted an online survey with MPAN managers, technical staff, and academics from across the globe (77 survey responses that described 48 MPANs located in 59 countries). Our findings confirmed that most MPANs have various co‐occurring, potentially conflicting objectives. MPANs with biodiversity and societal objectives considered attributes (e.g., human well‐being and economic distribution, institutional partnerships, and network‐specific ecological attributes) among all dimensions, with greater frequency than MPANs with only biodiversity objectives. Nonetheless, ecological attributes were always perceived as important irrespective of the MPAN objective. Reaching synergies between the multiple dimensions of MPANs can be challenging if dimensions get overlooked in MPAN evaluations. Identifying the important attributes considered in MPANs offers insight into the practice of MPAN design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation and can help improve MPAN success.
Surgical treatment of cervical (C7‐T1) instability caused by discospondylitis in a horse
Authors: Santos Marina M. , Martinez Javier , Mollenhauer Linda , Schulze‐Gronover Bernd , Lescun Timothy B. , Gudehus H. Timm
Published: June 2023

Discospondylitis is an inflammatory condition involving the vertebral bodies and is rarely reported in horses. Clinical signs are associated with neck stiffness and forelimb ataxia. In other species, treatment consists mainly of antibiotics coupled with non‐steroidal analgesics for a period of 3–12 weeks. An inadequate response to conservative treatment requires surgical intervention, but there is limited information in the literature regarding surgical management in large animals. A 3‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented for an approximately 4‐week history of generalised stiffness and reluctance to move. Computed tomography with myelogram revealed abnormalities consistent with discospondylitis at the level of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae (C7‐T1). The patient underwent cervical vertebral interbody fusion using a combination of compression of the vertebral bodies using cortical screws in lag fashion and a 4‐hole locking compression plate (LCP). The patient was discharged from the hospital with marked improvement. At the time of this report, 4 months after the procedure, the horse continues to show marked improvement in mobility and range of motion.
GREEN BOUGHS ON THE GRAVES: UNMOORING HERAT FROM IMPERIAL TIME
Authors: AHMED TANVIR
Published: June 2023

The aim of this article is to explore how popular historical knowledge disrupts the spacetimes produced by imperial power. To this end, I present my reading of a shrine guide that was composed by Asil al‐Din Waʿiz in 1460 and that documents the city of Herat's blessed dead. This work, the Maqsad al‐Iqbal, anchors Herat to space and time by both the graves of the city's myriad saints and the tales told about them locally. I investigate the ways in which the popular historical knowledge recorded in the Maqsad al‐Iqbal offers a counterpoint to the ideas of Herat's past that have been generated by dynastic chronicles, luxurious visual arts, and the grandeur of royal construction projects. I am interested not only in alternative historical visions themselves but in how nonelite productions of history resist easy adaptation into a hegemonic scheme and how the dead themselves are constantly at work in our narratives, breaking down every attempt at a singular, coherent past.
Doing family: Imprisoned parents as collaborators
Authors: Knutz Eva , Markussen Thomas , Minke Linda Kjær
Published: June 2023

The focal point of this article is the design of a game‐based tool for dialogue (‘Dads’ Round’) developed in collaboration with the Danish Prison and Probation Service for a Parenting Program. The tool is unique insofar as it includes stories collected from prisoners’ children about their troubled relationship with their fathers. By evaluating the tool through interviews with incarcerated fathers, we demonstrate how they work together as peers to assess how such a tool works to help assume parenting roles during incarceration. Through the fathers’ statements, the stories they share and their collaborative scaffolding, we are able to identify the tool's potential effect on parenting practices as well as pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the tool. Our study suggests that new notions of parenting and doing family must be carefully considered in the design of parenting programmes.
MnOx‐supported geopolymer pellets catalysts for low temperature NH3‐SCR: The effect of synthesized temperature
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Zhang Haohao , Zhang Huakang , Wang Yifei , Yang Lirong , Liu Zhigang , Feng Xiaoxin
Published: June 2023

MnOx‐supported geopolymer pellets catalysts with 10 wt.% MnOX were prepared by hydrothermal impregnation method at different temperatures. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, BSEM/EDS, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2‐temperature programmed reduction, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption, in‐situ Diffuse reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the deNOx performances for low‐temperature NH3‐SCR were tested. The results show that the catalyst synthesized at 120°C (named as MG‐120°C) displays more excellent SCR activity than other catalysts. The NOx conversion efficiency of MG‐120°C catalyst is ∼90% at 120°C and ∼98% at 280°C, and more than 85% N2 selectivity of MG‐120°C catalyst can be obtained in the temperature range of 120–200°C. The MG‐120°C catalyst possesses better dispersion of MnOx, multivalent oxidation state of manganese on the surface, higher content of surface chemisorbed oxygen, and more Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites, which promote the reduction of NOx efficiently to proceed simultaneously by the Eley‐Rideal mechanism and the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanisms.
Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composites
Authors: Liu Kai , Qiu Lei , Zhang Yuzhen , Du Yanying , Sun Ce , Zhang Song , Tu Rong , Wu Yanjiao , Sun Huajun , Shi Yusheng
Published: June 2023

A material extrusion (MEX) technology has been developed for the additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced silicon carbide ceramic (Cf/SiC) composites. By comparing and analyzing the rheological properties of the slurries with different compositions, a slurry with a high solid loading of 48.1 vol% and high viscosity was proposed. Furthermore, several complex structures of Cf/SiC ceramic composites were printed by this MEX additive manufacturing technique. Phenolic resin impregnation–carbonization process reduces the apparent porosity of the green body and protects the Cf. Finally, the reactive melting infiltration (RMI) process was used to prepare samples with different Cf contents from 0 to 2 K (a bundle of carbon fibers consisting of 1000 fibers). Samples with Cf content of 1 K show the highest bending strength (161.6 ± 10.5 MPa) and fracture toughness (3.72 ± 0.11 MPa·m1/2) while the thermal conductivity of the samples with the Cf content of 1 K reached 11.0 W/(m·K). This study provides a strategy to prepare Cf/SiC composites via MEX additive manufacturing and RMI.
Effects of enzymatic extrusion on the structure and physicochemical properties of oat flour and its application in oat milk production
Authors: Ren Xiaoru , Yang Yueyue , Liu Qing , Wang Yihui , Jin Zhengyu , Jiao Aiquan
Published: June 2023

Oat milk has received increasing attention because of its health benefits, however, the problems of easy sedimentation and deterioration of taste during storage are common problems faced by the industry. Enzymatic extrusion is a technology that combines high‐temperature, high‐pressure and high‐shear extrusion with enzymatic hydrolysis for rapid biological transformation of materials. To evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic extrusion to overcome these disadvantages, the effects of this technology on the physicochemical properties of oat flour and on the stability and sensory score of oat milk have been studied. The results showed that the water solubility index of the enzymatic extrusion sample (2‰ α‐amylase) increased by 37.64% (from 5.99% to 43.63%) and the reducing sugar content increased about 11 times (from 11.61 to 128.31 mg g−1) compared with original oat flour. The enzymatic extrusion samples were almost completely gelatinised and their viscosity and degree of order were significantly reduced. The rheological results indicated that the enzymatic extrusion samples exhibited greater viscous fluid characteristics. After enzymatic extrusion treatment, the stability of oat milk was significantly enhanced, sensory evaluation indicated a highest score of 7.29 on the 9‐point hedonic scale (2‰ α‐amylase). This study provides a new way to produce high‐quality oat milk.
Electrical property optimization of BaTiO3‐based lead‐free piezoceramics by chemical doping
Authors: Cai Enpei , Gu Huaizhang , Liu Qibin
Published: June 2023

Pb‐free piezoceramics have become an inevitable trend in the development of piezoelectric materials due to their non‐toxic and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this work, theoretical designs combined with phase‐field simulations were used to prepare a novel lead‐free system, that is, a type of A‐site donor and B‐site donor‐acceptor compound dopant (Nd0.5Li0.5)(Li0.25Nb0.75)O3, which was added to the matrix of Ba(Hf0.02Ti0.98)O3 to tune its composition and optimize its electrical properties. The experimental results showed that the phase transition temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal (TO‐T) was regulated near room temperature (RT), benefitting their electrical properties. Furthermore, improvements in piezoelectricity were related not only to the O‐T phase boundary constructed around RT but also to the enhancements in dielectricity and ferroelectricity. Excellent integrated electrical properties were obtained, which were accompanied by an increase in Curie temperature (TC) in the 0.10 mol% sample.
The usage and utility of body‐worn camera footage in courts: A survey analysis of state prosecutors
Authors: Petersen Kevin , Papy Donald , Mouro Alejandro , Ariel Barak
Published: June 2023

Despite substantial recent developments in body‐worn camera (BWC) research, little is known about the effect of BWC footage on downstream criminal justice actors and agencies. Analyzing both quantitative and qualitative survey responses taken from state prosecutors in Miami‐Dade County (FL) in 2019, this study provides one of the most detailed examinations of prosecutors' experiences with BWC footage to date. Using descriptive analyses, ordinary least squares regressions, and structural equation modeling, we examine how the operational challenges associated with BWC footage affect the degree to which prosecutors use the footage and perceive it to be useful. Our results suggest that poor footage quality and delayed video transfer may limit the utility of BWC footage—and in turn—that lower perceptions of utility may reduce the formal usage of BWC footage in court. These findings differ across case‐processing stages, however, with transfer delay affecting the utility of BWC video for charging decisions and footage quality affecting the utility of BWC video across multiple case processing stages. Implications and policy recommendations based on these results are discussed.
Bundling of authority and accountability in organizations
Authors: Wang Susheng
Published: June 2023

Decision‐making authority is often bundled with accountability. Decision makers are usually made accountable for failure. We propose an incomplete‐contract approach to investigate four accountability systems: personal accountability, no accountability, collective accountability, and reverse accountability. We consider an organization defined by three assignments: income, authority, and accountability. These assignments are endogenously and jointly determined in equilibrium. Our main findings are: (1) authority and accountability are usually, but not always, bundled in equilibrium; (2) personal accountability and collective accountability are equally efficient, and no accountability and reverse accountability are equally efficient; (3) no accountability can be optimal if the authority is quite capable; (4) control tends to be assigned to managers whose personal benefit from and the marginal cost of control are relatively small; and (5) reverse accountability is generally inferior to personal accountability, but it can be optimal if the authority is quite capable and her marginal cost and personal benefit from control are sufficiently small.
Parasitoids and pathogens in a collapsingLymantria dispar(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) population in Lower Austria
Authors: Zankl Thomas , Schafellner Christa , Hoch Gernot
Published: June 2023

A local population outbreak of the spongy moth,Lymantria disparL. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in Lower Austria, resulted in the defoliation of an oak forest in 2018 and 2019. In the study year 2020, the population density was still high but was expected to decline. In the present work, the role of parasitoids and pathogens in the collapse of the population was investigated. In total, 20 egg masses, 680 larvae and 12 pupae ofL. disparwere collected in the field from April to July 2020 and reared until the emergence of adult moths or death. Causes of mortality were determined based on emerging parasitoids and on microscope inspection of non‐parasitized cadavers. Stage‐specific mortality rates were calculated for eggs, larval stages (L1–L6) and pupae. Seven parasitoid species and three pathogens were responsible for the premature death of spongy moths. The egg parasitoidAnastatus disparis(Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) emerged from 19% of all eggs. Larval parasitoids caused stage‐specific mortality rates from 15% to 61%. The dominant parasitoid of young and intermediate instars was the solitary waspGlyptapanteles porthetriae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Mature larvae were mainly parasitized by the parasitic fliesBlepharipa pratensis(Diptera: Tachinidae) andParasetigena silvestris(Diptera: Tachinidae). Pathogens caused stage‐specific mortality rates from 11% to 41%. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV; Lefavirales: Baculoviridae) was the dominant pathogen in all instars. The introduced fungusEntomophaga maimaiga(Entomophthorales: Entomopthoraceae)—detected for the first time in Austria in 2019—caused low mortality rates in older larvae. Starting from high egg mass densities in spring, the spongy moth population declined to negligible levels until summer.
Is research on hedge fund performance published selectively? A quantitative survey
Authors: Yang Fan , Havranek Tomas , Irsova Zuzana , Novak Jiri
Published: June 2023

We examine whether estimates of hedge fund performance reported in prior empirical research are affected by publication bias. Using a sample of 1019 intercept terms from regressions of hedge fund returns on risk factors (the “alphas”) collected from 74 studies published between 2001 and 2021, we show that the selective publication of empirical results does not significantly contaminate inferences about hedge fund returns. Most of our monthly alpha estimates adjusted for the (small) bias fall within a relatively narrow range of 30–40 basis points, indicating positive abnormal returns of hedge funds: Hedge funds generate money for investors. Studies that explicitly control for potential biases in the underlying data (e.g., backfilling and survivorship biases) report lower but still positive alphas. Our results demonstrate that despite the prevalence of publication selection bias in many other research settings, publication may not be selective when there is no strong a priori theoretical prediction about the sign of the estimated coefficients.
Narratives in economics
Authors: Roos Michael , Reccius Matthias
Published: June 2023

There is growing awareness within the economics profession of the important role narratives play in the economy. Even though empirical approaches that try to quantify economic narratives are getting increasingly popular, there is no theory or even a universally accepted definition of economic narratives underlying this research. First, we review and categorize the economic literature concerned with narratives and work out the different paradigms at play. Only a subset of the literature considers narratives to be active drivers of economic activity. To solidify the foundation of narrative economics, we propose a definition of collective economic narratives, isolating five important characteristics. We argue that, for a narrative to be economically relevant, it must be a sense‐making story that emerges in a social context and suggests action to a social group. We also systematize how a collective economic narrative differs from a topic and from other kinds of narratives that are likely to have less impact on the economy. With regard to the popular use of topic modeling, we suggest that the complementary use of other methods from the natural language processing (NLP) toolkit and the development of new methods is inevitable to go beyond identifying topics and move towards true empirical narrative economics.
Comparison of clinical and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy outcomes between in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in sibling mature oocytes from high‐risk patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Kim Jun‐Woo , Lee So‐Young , Hur Chang‐Young , Lim Jin‐Ho , Park Choon‐Keun
Published: June 2023

Aim

To evaluate the influence of insemination methods on clinical outcomes by assessing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) outcomes in embryos obtained using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in sibling mature oocytes from high‐risk patients.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 108 couples with nonmale or mild male factor infertility who underwent split insemination cycles from January 2018 to December 2021. PGT‐A was performed using trophectoderm biopsy, array comparative genome hybridization, or next‐generation sequencing with 24‐chromosome screening.

Results

Mature oocytes were divided into IVF (n = 660) and ICSI (n = 1028) groups. The normal fertilization incidence was similar between the groups (81.1% vs. 84.6%). The total number of blastocysts biopsied was significantly higher in the IVF group than in the ICSI group (59.3% vs. 52.6%; p = 0.018). However, euploidy (34.4% vs. 31.9%) and aneuploidy (63.4% vs. 66.2%) rates per biopsy and clinical pregnancy rates (60.0% vs. 58.8%) were similar between the groups. Implantation (45.6% vs. 50.8%) and live birth or ongoing pregnancy (52.0% vs 58.8%) rates were slightly higher in the ICSI group than in the IVF group and miscarriage rate per transfer was slightly higher in the IVF group than in the ICSI group (12.0% vs 5.9%); however no significant difference was observed.

Conclusions

IVF and ICSI using sibling mature oocytes had similar clinical outcomes, and euploidy and aneuploidy rates in couples with nonmale and mild male factor infertility. These results suggest that IVF is a useful option, along with ICSI, as an insemination method in PGT‐A cycles, especially in high‐risk patients.
Pushing yourself to the edge: The relationship of worker self‐sacrifice behaviour with perceived role performance, emotional exhaustion, and partner self‐sacrifice
Authors: Clinton Michael E.
Published: June 2023

Self‐sacrifice behaviour features in a number of well‐known management concepts such as organizational commitment, pro‐social motivation, and organizational citizenship behaviour, but is rarely acknowledged as a salient factor or examined directly. Drawing on theories of goal systems and personal resource allocation, and dyad data collected from 122 church ministers twice over 2 years and their partners, this study examines the extent to which worker self‐sacrifice behaviour is simultaneously an enabler of high work effectiveness and a cost for personal wellbeing. Findings support the ‘doubled‐edged’ nature of self‐sacrifice, showing that while worker reports of self‐sacrifice behaviour are positively related to increases in perceived role performance, they are also linked to partner ratings of worker emotional exhaustion and partner self‐sacrifice behaviour 2 years later. This study therefore validates the importance of self‐sacrifice behaviour in accounting for divergent work outcomes and its potential to spillover into the nonwork domain. The study further finds psychological detachment to partially moderate the relationship between worker self‐sacrifice and the two problematic outcomes. Therefore, psychological detachment offers a potential means of sustaining high self‐sacrifice behaviour over time and could play an effective role in related interventions.
It takes two to tango: Linking signature strengths use and organizational support for strengths use with organizational outcomes
Authors: Mubashar Tahira , Harzer Claudia
Published: June 2023

The present study tested and extended the motivational process of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) theory to explicate the role of signature strengths use as a personal resource and organizational support for strengths use as a job resource for a host of organizational outcomes. Our greater interest was to examine serial and parallel mediation of employee‐level variables (i.e., work engagement, job performance, and turnover intentions) between both types of resources (personal and job) and organizational outcomes (i.e., organizational performance and turnover). We collected data from 202 top managers from 56 branches of a large bank in Pakistan. The participants filled in data for most of the study variables, whereas the concerned bank officials provided objective ratings of organizational performance and turnover. The results indicated the indirect effect of signature strengths use and organizational support for strength use on perceived and objective organizational performance mediated by work engagement, job performance, and turnover intentions. Signature strengths use also showed a direct effect on perceived and objective organizational performance. The findings illustrate the potential benefits of using one's signature strengths for employee and organizational success and reiterate the importance of enhancing organizational support for strengths use for management groups who in turn can contribute substantially to organizational performance.
Shift and longtime light induces endometrioid adenocarcinoma via activation of PKC‐α/Akt pathway in female golden hamster: Involvement of altered Aanat and Bmal1 rhythm
Authors: Das Megha , Haldar Chandana , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar
Published: June 2023

Female night‐workers get exposed to frequent light shifts, hence have altered circadian rhythm and are at high risk of endometrial cancer; the underlying mechanism however is still not clear. We, therefore examined the effect of long light exposure (16L:8D, LD1) and regular shift (8 h) in long nighttime (LD2) on endometrial changes of female golden hamsters. Morphometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy imaging, alcian blue staining, and cytological nuclear atypia of endometrial stromal cells confirmed the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in LD2 exposed hamsters. But, less severe pathomorphological alterations were noted in uterus of LD1 exposed hamsters. Altered Aanat and Bmal1 mRNA, melatonin rhythm, downregulation of important marker gene of adenocarcinoma like Akt, 14‐3‐3, and PR protein expression and upregulation PKCα, pAkt‐S473 and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in LD2 exposed hamsters suggesting the endometrial adenocarcinoma. Further, our western blot analysis supported the immunohistochemical localization of PR, PKCα, and VEGF in uterine tissues along low progesterone. Overall, our data indicates that light shift and long light exposure potentially induced endometrioid adenocarcinoma via activation of PKC‐α/Akt pathway in female hamsters. Therefore, duration of light is essential for female normal uterine function.
Effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on fecal microbiota composition of calves
Authors: Li Lynna , Renaud David L. , Goetz Hanne M. , Jessop Emma , Costa Marcio C. , Gamsjäger Lisa , Gomez Diego E.
Published: June 2023

Background

The effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on the fecal microbiota composition of calves is unknown.

Objective

Compare the fecal microbiota of calves with diarrhea onset on the day of sampling (D <24h), and calves having had diarrhea for >24 to 48 hours (D 24‐48h).

Animals

Thirty‐one diarrheic calves (20 D <24h and 11 D 24‐48h), 3 to 7 days of age.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. Diarrhea was defined as a calf with loose feces or watery feces. Assessment of the fecal microbiota was performed by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons.

Results

Richness and diversity were not statistically different between D <24h and D 24‐48h (P > .05), but bacterial membership and structure differed significantly (AMOVA,P < .001 for both comparisons). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed an enrichment ofFaecalibacterium,Phocaeicola, Lachnospiracea, andLactobacillusin the feces of D <24h calves, whereasEscherichia/Shigella,Ligilactobacillus,Clostridium_Sensu_Stricto,Clostridium_Incerta_Sedis, andEnterococcuswere enriched in the D 24‐48h calves.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Rapid changes in fecal microbiota occur during the first 48 hours of diarrhea with an enrichment of lactic acid‐producing bacteria in D <24h followed by an enrichment inEscherichia/ShigellaandClostridiumspp. in D 24‐48h. The time from diarrhea onset to sampling appears to affect the bacterial composition. Researchers should standardize times for fecal collection based on the time of diarrhea.
Urinary incontinence in the postpartum 1‐year period: Its prevalence and effect on psychosocial status of women
Authors: Suar Gulennur , Cevik Feride , Simal Yavuz Nurgul , Ozerdogan Nebahat
Published: June 2023

Objectives

In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and effect of urinary incontinence in the postpartum 1 year period on psychosocial status of women.

Methods

This study with a cross‐sectional and descriptive design was conducted between 01.10.2021 and 01.04.2022. There were 406 women in the postpartum 8 weeks to 1 year period who participated in the study. The data were collected through Identifying Information Form, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Nottingham Health Profile.

Results

In the study, it was determined that 21.9% of the women in the postpartum period experienced urinary incontinence problems, and that the most common type of incontinence experienced was stress incontinence (62.9%). Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale mean score of the women who experienced urinary incontinence problems in the postpartum period was found to be significantly higher compared to those who did not experience this problem (P < .05), but no significant difference was found between the rates of those with depression risk according to the cutoff point of the scale (≥13 points). As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that the increase in depression risk resulted not from urinary incontinence but from age and parity. It was also determined that the mean scores of the women who experienced incontinence problems from the subscales of Nottingham Health profile was significantly high (P < .05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, urinary incontinence in the postpartum period is a prevalent problem affecting approximately one‐fifth of women. In addition, this problem negatively affects the psychological and social dimensions of women's health.
Construction and demolition waste disposal charging scheme design
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Yi Wen , Yuan Hongping , Wu Weiwei
Published: June 2023

Construction and demolition waste disposal charging is a critical component in construction waste (CW) management. Over the past few decades of implementation around the world, the effectiveness of waste disposal charging in decreasing negative environmental impact is gradually being questioned. This paper identifies two intertwined issues that have not attracted sufficient attention in actual practice. One is the consideration of contractors’ behavior, which is economically driven. Another is the influence of waste transportation, which is also a major stream of environmental pollution. These two aspects significantly affect the effectiveness of the waste disposal charging scheme. Contractors may not transport their generated CW to appropriate disposal facilities. They make decisions based on the disposal and transportation cost. To address this problem, this paper proposes a general construction and demolition waste disposal charging design methodology in which contractors’ behavior and the influence of waste transportation are taken into account. A mixed‐integer programming model is developed for the optimal design of the charging fees, which analytically formulates both of the abovementioned aspects. Furthermore, we developed a model that partially modifies the current charging scheme to better fulfill the environmental protection objective. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed methodology can effectively change contractors’ waste disposal decisions and significantly decrease the negative environmental impact of construction and demolition waste. This study contributes to a new perspective to better design the construction and demolition waste disposal charging scheme and has a wide range of applicability.
The m6A reader MhYTP2 negatively modulates apple Glomerella leaf spot resistance by binding to and degrading MdRGA2L mRNA
Authors: Guo Tianli , Bao Ru , Yang Zehua , Fu Xiaomin , Hu Liu , Wang Na , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang
Published: June 2023

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola, significantly threatens apple production. Some resistances to plant disease are mediated by the accumulation of nucleotide‐binding site and leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) proteins that are encoded by a major class of plant disease resistance genes (R genes). However, the R genes that confer resistance to GLS in apple remain largely unclear. Malus hupehensis YT521‐B homology domain‐containing protein 2 (MhYTP2) was identified as an N6‐methyladenosine RNA methylation (m6A) modified RNA reader in our previous study. However, whether MhYTP2 binds to mRNAs without m6A RNA modifications remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that MhYTP2 exerts both m6A‐dependent and ‐independent functions by analysing previously obtained RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing results. The overexpression of MhYTP2 significantly reduced the resistance of apple to GLS and down‐regulated the transcript levels of some R genes whose transcripts do not contain m6A modifications. Further analysis indicated that MhYTP2 binds to and reduces the stability of MdRGA2L mRNA. MdRGA2L positively regulates resistance to GLS by activating salicylic acid signalling. Our findings revealed that MhYTP2 plays an essential role in the regulation of resistance to GLS and identified a promising R gene, MdRGA2L, for use in developing apple cultivars with GLS resistance.
Aquinas's Ethics: the Infused Virtues and the Indwelling Holy Spirit
Authors: Stump Eleonore
Published: June 2023

This paper explores Aquinas's ethics. For Aquinas, the moral life begins with a surrender to God on the part of a person who comes to faith. That surrender includes a change in the person's will from the state of resisting God's love and grace to quiescence, the cessation of resistance. Once a person's will is in this quiescent state, God infuses grace into his will. On Aquinas's views, in an instant this grace moves the person's will to the will of faith. In that same instant, the Holy Spirit comes to indwell in him and also brings into him also all the infused virtues, as well as all the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit. The paper explores Aquinas's claims about the infused virtues and the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit, and it argues that for Aquinas the moral life is first and foremost a matter of having a right second‐personal relationship to God.
Emmetropic eye growth in East Asians and non‐East Asians
Authors: Yii Fabian SL
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To compare axial length (AL) growth curves in East Asian (EA) and non‐EA emmetropes.

Methods

A meta‐regression of 28 studies with emmetrope‐specific AL data (measured with optical biometry) was performed. Emmetropia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between −0.50 and +1.25 D, determined under cycloplegia if the mean age was ≤20 years. The AL growth curve (mean AL vs. mean age) was first fitted to the full dataset using a weighted nonlinear mixed‐effects model, before refitting the model with ethnicity as a two‐level grouping variable (EA vs. non‐EA). Ethnic differences in growth curve parameters were tested using the Wald test.

Results

A total of 3331 EA and 1071 non‐EA emmetropes (mean age: 6.5–23.1 years) were included. There was no evidence of an ethnic difference in either final AL (difference: 0.15 mm, 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.35 mm, p = 0.15) or initial AL, as represented by the amount that the final AL needed to be offset to obtain the y‐intercept (difference: −2.77 mm, 95% CI: −10.97 to 5.44, p = 0.51). Likewise, AL growth rate (curve steepness) did not differ between ethnic groups (difference: 0.09, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.31, p = 0.43). Collectively, AL growth rate decreased from 0.24 mm/year at 6 years of age to around 0.05 mm/year at 11 years of age, after which it dipped below the repeatability of optical biometry (±0.04 mm) and practically plateaued around 16 years of age (final AL: 23.60 mm).

Conclusions

EA and non‐EA emmetropes have comparable AL growth curves.
Targeted temperature management at 36°C is a risk factor for ventilator‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Nasuno Masaru , Yokoyama Yukari , Motobayashi Mitsuo , Kobayashi Keiko , Omori Norio , Murai Takemi , Kubota Noriko , Kitamura Masatomo , Minami Kisei , Inaba Yuji
Published: June 2023

Background

In contrast to the adult population, limited information is currently available on risk factors for ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) in children. Therapeutic hypothermia has been identified as a risk factor for the early onset of VAP in adults; however, the relationship between VAP and normothermia remains unclear. The present study investigated risk factors for VAP in children, with a focus on the deleterious effects of therapeutic normothermia on VAP.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of children treated with mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h and analyzed risk factors for VAP. The endpoint was the onset of VAP by the seventh day after the initiation of mechanical ventilation.

Results

Among the 288 patients enrolled, seven (2.4%) developed VAP. No significant differences were observed in clinical backgrounds between the VAP and non‐VAP groups. A univariate analysis identified target temperature management (TTM) at 36°C (p < 0.0001) and methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy (p = 0.02) as risk factors for VAP. An analysis of the time to the onset of VAP by the Kaplan–Meier plot and log‐rank test revealed a significantly higher incidence of VAP in the TTM group (p < 0.0001) and mPSL pulse group (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

TTM at 36°C and mPSL pulse therapy may be risk factors for VAP in the pediatric population.
Clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 in hospitalized young infants and risk factors for disease severity
Authors: Ng David Chun‐Ern , Tan Kah Kee , Liew Chuin Hen , Low Yik Wan , Chin Ling , Jamil Munzir Bin , Chandirasekharan Debashini a/p , Baharuddin Suhaila Binti , Cheah Yee Keat
Published: June 2023

Background

This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and severity of young infants hospitalized with COVID‐19 and study the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal COVID‐19 vaccination on the severity of COVID‐19.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study was performed among infants aged 6 months and below hospitalized for COVID‐19 in a tertiary state hospital in Malaysia between February 1 and April 30, 2022. The primary outcome was “serious disease,” defined as pneumonia requiring respiratory support or dehydration with warning signs. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors for serious disease.

Results

A total of 102 infants were included in the study; 53.9% were males with a median age of 11 weeks (interquartile range: 5–20 weeks). Sixteen patients (15.7%) had pre‐existing comorbidities, including preterm birth. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (82.4%), followed by cough (53.9%), and rhinorrhea (31.4%). Forty‐one infants (40.2%) presented with serious disease, warranting either respiratory support or intravenous fluid therapy for dehydration. Recent maternal COVID‐19 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of serious disease on univariate analysis but was not significant after multivariate adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14–1.11; p = 0.08). Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against serious COVID‐19 in young infants, independent of other confounding factors (aOR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; p = 0.01).

Conclusion

COVID‐19 is a serious disease with non‐specific clinical manifestations in young infants. Exclusive breastfeeding could play an important protective role.