bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Developing Excellent Humans: Education, Virtue, and ChatGPT
Authors: Blehm Adam
Published: May 2024

The release of ChatGPT has stirred considerable concern and discussion in the field of education. Educators have expressed both frustration and optimism regarding the technology. In this article I argue that when educators consider potential uses of ChatGPT in the classroom, they should use ChatGPT in ways that do not undermine the formation of intellectual virtues. I begin by briefly reviewing a classical virtue theory, particularly as expressed by Aristotle and Aquinas. Then I define and discuss two intellectual virtues, open-mindedness and intellectual humility, explaining why these virtues are important for human flourishing. In short, these virtues contribute to the contemplation of God. Next, I explore the nature and purpose of ChatGPT. Once I have outlined what ChatGPT is, I consider potential uses of ChatGPT in light of the goals of developing open-mindedness and intellectual humility. In short, I defend the view that appropriate uses of ChatGPT must not replace students exercising the mental processes necessary for developing intellectual virtues. I conclude by noting how this discussion of ChatGPT implies that content mastery alone is not a sufficient condition for determining whether adequate education has taken place.
Jessica Blanche Peixotto and the Founding of Berkeley Social Welfare
Authors: Edleson Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2024

Jessica Blanche Peixotto was the first woman to become a full professor at the University of California in 1918 and yet her role in establishing social welfare studies at Berkeley is mostly untold. A social economist and foremost a scientist, she led efforts to infuse evidence-informed practice in professional social work education in the early 1900s, laying a foundation at Berkeley that is still felt today. Of her many efforts, she established a certificate in social welfare at Berkeley in 1917, the first such training on the West Coast. This article describes her personal and professional life and seeks to establish the importance of her role in establishing social work education at Berkeley and in furthering an evidence-informed approach to our professional work.
Dealing with the social-emotional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: School administrators’ leadership experiences in Texas, USA
Authors: Okilwa Nathern S. A. , Barnett Bruce
Published: May 2024

The onset of COVID-19 in March 2020 presented unprecedented disruption to the education systems across the globe. Given that school leaders were at the forefront of guiding schools during the tumultuous times, the purpose of this article is to highlight the aftereffects of the COVID-19 pandemic on schools and examine how school leaders addressed these challenges, particularly the lingering social-emotional disruptions the students and teachers are experiencing. This qualitative study utilized an online survey to collect the perspectives of South Texas school leaders on the challenging circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are organized by: leadership experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic (lessons learned and critical practices), additional knowledge and skills (social-emotional well-being, resources to address social-emotional well-being, and parental engagement), and suggestions for preparation programs (students’ social-emotional learning (SEL) and teachers’ well-being). The scale of emerging pandemic-related challenges has left school leaders scrambling to seek innovative approaches to maintain a safe and orderly teaching and learning environment. Implementing SEL for students and educators seems to hold promise.
Estimating Measurement Quality in Digital Trace Data and Surveys Using the MultiTrait MultiMethod Model
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Keusch Florian , Bach Ruben L. , Pankowska Paulina K.
Published: May 2024

Digital trace data are receiving increased attention as a potential way to capture human behavior. Nevertheless, this type of data is far from perfect and may not always provide better data compared to traditional social surveys. In this study we estimate measurement quality of survey and digital trace data on smartphone usage with a MultiTrait MultiMethod (MTMM) model. The experimental design included five topics relating to the use of smartphones (traits) measured with five methods: three different survey scales (a 5- and a 7-point frequency scale and an open-ended question on duration) and two measures from digital trace data (frequency and duration). We show that surveys and digital trace data measures have very low correlation with each other. We also show that all measures are far from perfect and, while digital trace data appears to have often better quality compared to surveys, that is not always the case.
High mechanical properties of CNTs/Al composites achieved by second phase refinement and reinforcement dispersion via hot extrusion
Authors: Chen Jianchao , Huang Zhaowei , Lei Yushun , Lu Xiaobin , Yan Hong
Published: May 2024

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced 2A70 alloy by the coating of ZrO2 (ZrO2@CNTs/2A70) are processed by a hot extrusion process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2@CNTs/2A70 composites were investigated in this study. The results show that the second phase of the composites is broken and uniformly dispersed under the action of shear force and the second phase as well as the ZrO2@CNTs reinforcement is uniformly distributed along the extrusion direction. The hot extrusion process eliminates the cast defects and improves the reinforcing phase's dispersion and the material's mechanical properties are significantly improved. At the extrusion ratio of 25, the composites exhibited notable enhancements in their mechanical properties, as evidenced by a significant increase in hardness, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL), with respective values of 141.7 HV, 237.4 MPa, 309.7 MPa and 13.9%. These values were higher than those obtained from cast composites by 17.5%, 20.0%, 20.9% and 152.7%, respectively. The fracture characteristics of the composite are mainly ductile fractures. Besides, the extruded composites are strengthened mainly by grain refinement and load transfer mechanism.
Quantized control for Markovian jump systems with general transition rates against multiple attacks via intermediate-observers
Authors: Shi Jiacheng , Li Li-wei , Shen Mouquan , Liu Dan
Published: May 2024

This paper is devoted to the problem of quantized control for Markovian jump systems with general transition rates. Meanwhile, the considered system suffers from sensor attack, actuator attack and multiple disturbances. With the help of mode-dependent intermediate observer, the system states and the total disturbances involving both sensor attack and actuator attack are estimated. A mode-dependent composite controller design is constructed to stabilize the overall controlled system. Based on the technique of vertex separators, sufficient conditions are developed in the form of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system. Finally, an application example illustrates the feasibility of the method.
‘How Did You Get in There and Make the Law Work?’ Feminist Activism, Doctors and Abortion Law: The Occupation of an Hospital
Authors: Caruso Elena
Published: May 2024

In this article, I examine the aftermath of Italy's 1978 abortion law (Law 194/1978) and the following feminist occupation of a Rome hospital, revealing a little-known chapter in feminist history. The legislation marked a pivotal moment by partly legalising abortion access, overturning draconian laws from the Fascist era. The focus on the 3-month occupation illuminates how social movements actively shaped, and were shaped by, the implementation of the law. Drawing on overlooked archival materials and original interviews with feminist abortion campaigners, I uncover unique dynamics between feminist activists, medical professionals, and abortion law. I contend that this historical event not only diversifies our understanding of social movements’ roles in legal changes but also highlights the exceptional case of a public hospital serving as a platform for transmitting feminist practices and knowledge to medical professionals. Ultimately, I argue for the crucial role of feminist history in advancing socio–legal scholarship.
Impact of HR Practices on Innovative Work Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Organizational Support, Knowledge-sharing and Employee Creativity
Authors: Jishnu Amal , Hareendrakumar V. R.
Published: May 2024

Employee performance, supported by creativity and innovative work behaviour (IWB), is one significant predictor of organizational success. Creative employees with IWBs are crucial for an organization to achieve sustainable and competitive advantage over its rivals. Human resource (HR) management practices are critical in fostering employee creativity (EC) and IWB. Organizational support and knowledge-sharing (KS) are other factors that largely contribute to EC and work behaviour. Organizations must understand these variables and their interactions to develop an environment of creativity and innovative work practices. This article explores the mediating role of perceived organizational support, KS and EC between HR practices and employees’ innovative work practices. For this purpose, a theoretical model has been developed, and six hypotheses were set for statistical testing. Data collected from 404 employees working in various IT companies in Kerala are analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed significant direct and indirect effects of the variables in predicting employees’ work behaviour. The study’s insights provide valid information for strategy formation that fosters IWBs supported by HR practices, organizational support, KS and EC.
Persian Astronomy in China
Authors: Mak Bill M.
Published: May 2024

During the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce), a significant number of Persian nobles sought safety in China following the downfall of the Sasanian Empire in 651 ce. These Persians possessed a distinct cultural identity, which was highly esteemed by certain Chinese elites. In contrast to Indians who migrated to China during and before this period, with their influence primarily mediated through Buddhism, Persians played prominent roles in secular fields such as astronomy, medicine and commerce. This article explores the history of Persian astronomers in China, placing their presence within the broader context of knowledge exchange across Eurasia, with a focus on their lives, works and interactions with the Chinese. Although their impact on Chinese astronomy and culture may have been limited, their tradition later served as a precursor to the astral science of Perso-Islamic astronomers in China from the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 ce) onwards. This is exemplified by a variety of Sino-Persian astral works such as the astronomical text Futian li 符天曆, the horoscopic treatise Yusi jing 聿斯經, the Ming astral anthology Mingyi tianwenshu 明譯天文書 and the Sino-Islamic Canon Huihui li 回回曆.
Mental Health Symptom Reduction in US Adults Postincarceration
Authors: Paseda Oluwayomi K. , Hall Taylor
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The United States incarcerates a disproportionate number of individuals with mental health concerns, and social workers are the primary professionals interacting with this group as they reenter the community from prison. This prompts the need for effective behavioral health reentry interventions to support the transition from incarceration to community life. Method: This scoping literature review, conducted in November 2022, identified 1,072 publications, with 12 meeting full inclusion criteria. Results: The analysis underscores a prevalent emphasis in studies on incarcerated U.S. adults with mental health symptoms, particularly focusing on the impact of behavioral health interventions on recidivism rather than the reduction of mental health symptoms. Discussion: Notably, persistent knowledge gaps exist, including the absence of social work researchers and clinicians testing interventions for this population. The conclusion is a call to action, discussing implications for policy, research, and social work practice in addressing these challenges.
Consumer Social Connectedness and Persuasiveness of Collaborative-Filtering Recommender Systems: Evidence From an Online-to-Offline Recommendation App
Authors: Adamopoulos Panagiotis , Todri Vilma
Published: May 2024

Consumers often rely on their social connections or social technologies, such as (automated) system-generated recommender systems, to navigate the proliferation of diverse products and services offered in online and offline markets and cope with the corresponding choice overload. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the consumers’ social connectedness and the economic impact of recommender systems. Specifically, we examine whether the social connectedness levels of consumers moderate the effectiveness of online recommendations toward increasing product demand levels. We study this novel research question using a combination of datasets and a demand-estimation model. Interestingly, the empirical results show a positive moderating effect of social connectedness on the demand effect of online-to-offline recommendations. Further delving into the findings, we also provide empirical evidence that social identification might explain why denser social connectedness with local users accentuates the effects of collaborative-filtering online-to-offline recommendations. Our study enhances the understanding of community factors affecting the efficacy of social technologies in multichannel operations while also extending the social identity theory in operations in the digital realm. The results also have intriguing operational implications for operations managers and practitioners, while suggesting several interesting avenues for future research on social technologies and operations management.
Experience Sharing in Pathological Diagnosis of Early Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Liao Qiulin , Peng Xiufan , Liao Yueyuan , Han Lifang , Wu Xiaoli , Li Zhenlian , Wang Caifeng , Peng Dayun , Zhuang Jiena , Liao Bei
Published: May 2024

Background: In daily work, there are still many pathologists who have difficulty handling the diagnosis of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and lepidic adenocarcinoma, and the boundaries are not clear enough. Sometimes, the diagnosis is difficult, and there is sometimes poor reproducibility between different pathologists. Accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis require a certain amount of experience. Methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we collected a large number (n = 381) of specimens of early lung adenocarcinoma, most of which (n = 356) were solitary lesions and 25 were multifocal lesions. There were 78 nodules in multifocal lesions, total 434 nodules. We summarized very careful microscopic observation and comparative analysis on all frozen and paraffin sections collected from many early lung adenocarcinoma specimens, continuously summarizing our experience. Results: Based on the World Health Organization's 2021 classification and diagnostic criteria for lung adenocarcinoma, new perspectives have been proposed on how to distinguish between atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and lepidic adenocarcinoma. In particular, new perspectives have been proposed on how to identify invasive aspects, and there are also some new perspectives on early lung mucinous lesions. Conclusion: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and lepidic adenocarcinoma all have corresponding morphological diagnostic criteria, but the morphological boundaries are sometimes not easy to determine and require some experience accumulation. The intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis of early adenocarcinoma of the lung needs to be closely combined with imaging examination, and has very rich morphological experience.
‘Your heart is resting and pumping at the same time’: Mental health impact of seeking asylum among sexual minority men
Authors: Gottvall Maria , Isaac Rummage , Ainembabazi Ronah , Yasin Sumera , Eldebo Anna , Carlsson Tommy
Published: May 2024

Aims:

To explore the experiences of seeking asylum and its impact on mental health among sexual minority forced migrant cisgender men living in Sweden.

Methods:

Exploratory qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews with 15 adult gay and bisexual cisgender men recruited via a combination of purposeful, convenience and snowball sampling. Data were analysed with systematic text condensation through a collaborative approach with three migrants with lived experience.

Results:

Seeking asylum had been an emotionally challenging journey for the participants in this study, involving several procedures that negatively impacted mental health. Being expected to disclose intimate information during asylum interviews had been a significant challenge, alongside needing to wait through long periods in uncertainty with little information about the progress of their asylum case. The behaviours and attitudes of professionals involved in the legal procedures had been a central aspect, as participants encountered interpreters and caseworkers who acted disrespectful and homophobic during asylum interviews. Participants mentioned that the behaviours of interpreters and the accuracy of the interpretation could influence the outcome of asylum claims and how comfortable they felt in sharing information. Thus, participants emphasized the importance of adequate and accurate interpreter services.

Conclusions:

Sexual minority men are faced with an unfamiliar and emotionally challenging position when seeking asylum and undergoing asylum interviews. The findings highlight the importance of adequate competence among professionals involved in asylum interviews, including interpreter utilization. Research is needed to determine effective methods to support these men throughout their asylum process.
Youth and hospitality work: Skills, subjectivity and affective labour
Authors: Farrugia David , Coffey Julia , Gill Rosalind , Sharp Megan , Threadgold Steven
Published: May 2024

Hospitality is popularly regarded as unskilled work and the industry relies on a young labour force. This paper examines the role of youth in the way that the ‘unskilled’ status of hospitality labour is defined and contested by workers. Drawing on qualitative data collected with hospitality workers, the paper creates new connections between theories of affective labour, the politics of skills, and conceptions of youth in relation to work. The paper shows that the capacity to be ‘fun’ and produce affects of enjoyment in hospitality venues is essentialised as an attribute of youth, who are regarded as essentially unskilled. Youth is enacted in the social relations of affective labour, including the requirement to produce affects of enjoyment. The paper shows how theories of affective labour can be developed to consider the materialities of low-wage service employment and demonstrates the significance of youthful subjectivities to social relations of hospitality work.
What we know and don’t know about deepfakes: An investigation into the state of the research and regulatory landscape
Authors: Birrer Alena , Just Natascha
Published: May 2024

The emergence of deepfakes has raised concerns among researchers, policymakers, and the public. However, many of these concerns stem from alarmism rather than well-founded evidence. This article provides an overview of what is currently known about deepfakes based on a systematic review of empirical research. It also examines and critically assesses regulatory responses globally through qualitative content analysis of policy and legal documents. The findings highlight gaps in our knowledge of deepfakes, making it difficult to assess the appropriateness and need for regulatory action. While deepfake technology may not introduce entirely new and unique regulatory problems at present, it can amplify existing problems such as the spread of non-consensual pornography and disinformation. Effective oversight and enforcement of existing rules, along with careful consideration of required adjustments will therefore be crucial. Altogether, this underscores the importance of more empirical research into the evolving challenges posed by deepfakes and calls for adaptive policy approaches.
Contested places: A typology for responding to place-based harms
Authors: Thurber Amie , Krings Amy , Sawyer Jason , Hamilton Greer A , Gutiérrez Mónica
Published: May 2024

In response to historic and ongoing devaluation of certain people, and concurrently, the places they live, many communities are grappling with how to respond to place-based harms. This has produced a wide range of responses, such as calls for “Land Back,” reparations programs, arts-based neighborhood regeneration, and local history initiatives. This paper explores the potential roles community practitioners can play in these contested places. Drawing on a review of the literature, this paper offers an emerging typology for responding to place-based harms.

Findings:

The proposed typology includes six place-based approaches: Reparation, Remembrance, Regeneration, Resistance, Harm-Reduction, and Repatriation/Rematriation. The authors distinguish each approach by its target and temporal focus, common strategies, primary change agents, and vulnerabilities. While drawing on transdisciplinary scholarship, authors also describe social work's engagement with each approach.

Applications:

This emerging typology may assist social work practitioners, scholars, and students as they study and employ strategies for intervening in contested spaces. It also suggests areas for future research in conjunction with responses to place-based harms.
Beyond the paradigm of uninterrupted expansion of participation: Backing the policy of emancipation from andragogical powers
Authors: Federighi Paolo , Torlone Francesca , De Maria Francesco
Published: May 2024

Participation rate in adult and continuing education (ACE) is one of the multiple indicators of distributive justice. Nonetheless, the literature of recent decades has turned it into a cardinal principle and value. Expansive paradigm that envisages the progressive and generalised development of participation rate in ACE is examined in this article. The aim is to analyse the structure of their argument. Their comparison with Eurostat data on participation and with the results of the RegALE-European Union (EU)-Survey on opinions of local and regional stakeholders is carried out to reach two conclusions. The first concerns the incapacity of Member States to translate expansive paradigm into effective ACE policies. The second one puts forward the theory of the learning exclusion equilibrium as a tool for explaining the reasons for the lack of progress recorded in terms of participation rate in ACE. At the same time, a critical analysis of the political idea of participation rate is performed. Contrasted with the participation objective is a different parameter focused on the individual and social future consequences of the learning processes in which each adult is involved.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among university graduating class female students in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdeta Tilahun , Firdisa Dawit , Mulugeta Abiy , Dereje Jerman
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a somatopsychic condition that develops about a week before the start of menstruation and is brought on by fluctuating sex steroid levels that follow an ovulatory menstrual cycle. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among Haramaya University graduating class female students, in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods:

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 November 2022 among Haramaya University graduating class female students using a simple random sampling technique. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into the Epi-data 3.01 before being exported and analyzed with Statistical Package of Social Science 20 versions. The premenstrual dysphoric disorder was assessed by the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. To identify associated factors a bivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. The multivariable logistic regression model includes all variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed when the p-value was less than 0.05, which was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Out of 282 samples, 274 study participants were involved providing a response rate of 97.2%. The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorders was 64.6% (95% CI: 59.5–70.4). Participants with the irregular menstrual cycle (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.26–4.34), heavy menstrual flow (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.84–7.59), moderate menstrual flow (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.02–5.26), severe menstrual pain (AOR = 5.69; 95% CI: 1.86–7.42) and those who have depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.08–5.68) were variables associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorders.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was relatively high. Severe menstrual pain, menstrual irregularity, heavy menstrual flow, and a history of depression had significant associations with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It will be better if higher institution administrators design and implement methods to screen and intervene premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students.
Expert review of child and caregiver critiques of a therapeutic guided imagery therapy mobile application targeting disorders of gut–brain interaction in children
Authors: Hollier John M , Strickland Tiantá A , Fordis C Michael , Shulman Robert J , Thompson Debbe
Published: May 2024

Background

A guided imagery therapy mobile application (GIT App) is a novel platform for treating children with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Previous feedback from child/caregiver dyads suggested modifications for our App prototype. However, their feedback had the potential to affect the intervention's efficacy. Thus, we aimed to have their critiques vetted by relevant experts prior to further App refinement.

Objective

Compare expert reviews of the GIT App with end-users’ (i.e., child/caregiver dyads’) feedback.

Methods

This mixed-methods study with experts included a hands-on App evaluation, a survey assessing usability, and focus groups comparing their perspectives with those previously provided by end-users.

Results

Eight medical and technology experts were enrolled. Their average usability survey score of the GIT App was 69.0 ± 27.7, which was marginally above the 50th percentile. While the expert and end-user usability assessments were generally favorable, both groups agreed that the App's reminder notification feature location was not intuitive, detracting from its usability. Experts agreed with end-users that the App's aesthetics were acceptable and suggested increasing icon and font sizes. Like the end-users, the experts did not achieve consensus regarding the ideal session length or inclusion of background sounds and screen animations. Lastly, the experts agreed with end-users that gamification techniques (e.g., gift cards and virtual badges) would promote user engagement.

Conclusion

An expert review of our therapeutic App revealed findings consistent with end-users and provided insight for modifying the interface and GIT sessions. Based on this experience, we recommend expert vetting of end-user suggestions as a routine checkpoint when developing therapeutic Apps.
Comparison of Contralateral ACL Rupture Versus ACL Graft Rupture in Australian Netballers After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Honeywill Conor , Salmon Lucy , Pinczewski Leo , Sundaraj Keran , Roe Justin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Netball is a popular sport worldwide, particularly for women. However, its nature puts players at high risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Purpose:

To determine (1) the prevalence of ACL graft rupture and contralateral ACL (CACL) rupture in Australian female netballers after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and (2) the rate of return to sports (RTS) and psychological readiness.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A patient database identified 332 consecutive female netball players who underwent ACLR with hamstring tendon autografts performed by 2 surgeons between 2007 and 2015. Patients were retrospectively surveyed at a minimum of 7 years postoperatively—including details of a second ACL injury to either knee, RTS, and psychological readiness per the ACL–Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) score. Multivariate regression assessed the association between selected variables and repeat ACL injury.

Results:

A total of 267 patients (80%) were included with a mean follow-up of 8.4 years (range, 7-15 years). ACL graft rupture and CACL rupture occurred in 11 (4%) and 27 (10%) patients, respectively, at 7 years postoperatively. The ACL graft had a survival rate of 99%, 97%, 97%, and 96% at 1, 2, 5, and 7 years after surgery, respectively. The native CACL had a survival rate of 100%, 99%, 94%, and 90% at 1, 2, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Adolescents had a 4.5 times greater hazard for ACL graft rupture (95% CI, 1.4-14.6; P = .014) and a 2.5 times greater hazard for CACL rupture (95% CI, 1.2-5.5; P = .021) compared with adults. CACL injury was also associated with a return to level 1—including jumping, hard pivoting, and cutting—sports (hazard ratio, 10.3 [95% CI, 1.4-77.1]; P = .023). Most (62%) participants returned to netball, with those with higher ACL-RSI scores more likely to RTS.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of repeat ACL injury was higher in the contralateral knee (10%) than the ACL-reconstructed knee (4%) at 7 years postoperatively. ACLR was a suitable option for female netballers who sustained an ACL rupture with low long-term rates of graft rupture. Repeat ACL injuries to either knee were more common in adolescents and those who returned to cutting and pivoting sports.
Prevalence of Cyberbullying Perpetration and Cyberbullying Victimization among Nursing Students in Jordan
Authors: Al-shatnawi Fida’a Eid , Ababneh Amal Mohammad Taisir , Elemary Fatma Mahmoud , Rayan Ahmad , Baqeas Manal Hassan
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cyberbullying is a form of bullying or harassment carried out online with the intent to harm others mainly using social media sites.

Objective

To investigate cyberbullying prevalence and associated factors among nursing students in Jordan.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. A convenience sample of 428 Jordanian nursing students from three private Jordanian universities was involved in the study. Data were collected in 2022 using the sociodemographic characteristics sheet, cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) scale; and cyberbullying victimization (CBV) scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with the CBP and CBV scores.

Results

About 30.1% of the students were not involved in any cyberbullying, while 8.6% were categorized as cyberbullying perpetrators only, 20.4% as victims only, and 40.9% were categorized as cyberbullying perpetrators and victims at the same time. Visual /sexual perpetration and verbal/written victimization were the most prevalent forms of cyberbullying among the studied nursing students. Increasing age was associated with a decreased CBP ( P < 0.05) and CBV ( P < 0.01), while male gender was associated with increased cyberbullying perpetration ( P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The prevalence of cyberbullying among nursing students in the current study was alarming. The study showed that age was negatively associated with CBP and CBV while being male was associated with increased CBP. Future research may want to consider using a longitudinal research design with more testing variables and a more comprehensive examination of potential causes and impacts of cyberbullying in nursing students. The development of specific policies to combat cyberbullying among Jordanian nursing students is also recommended.
Natural mentoring for males of color transitioning to college
Authors: Coner Chivas L
Published: May 2024

Natural mentoring relationships are characterized as organic, committed, and long-term connections with non-parental adult figures within schools and the community. The objective of this qualitative descriptive design study is to understand how males of color in a mentoring program articulate the support they received in their social-emotional, cognitive, and identity development through natural mentoring relationships during the transition from high school to college in Central Florida. Eleven male students of color took part in individual semi-structured and follow-up focus group interviews. Thematic analysis of the interview helped the author develop themes, forming the basis of the study’s outcomes. The findings underscore the significance of fostering the social, emotional, cognitive, and identity competencies of males of color through a natural mentoring approach. However, the study suggests the need for continued support for males of color after the transition to college, addressing challenges such as financial barriers and the absence of long-term support systems, which hinder their graduation. In response, the author proposes the Natural Mentoring Model for Males of Color (NMMMC) transitioning to college, derived from the distinctive experiences of male students of color who successfully transitioned to college with the support of natural mentoring relationships.
Possibilities of imitation
Authors: Oomen Danna , Genschow Oliver
Published: May 2024

Humans tend to automatically imitate others. This tendency is generally explained by a common representation of observed and executed actions. However, people do not imitate each and any behavior they observe. Instead, they have different possibilities in terms of when, what, and whom they imitate. Here, we review the literature on the various factors that modulate imitative behavior to get an overview of these possibilities. While the reviewed literature supports the idea of possibilities in terms of how people imitate, this overview also emphasizes that the evidence for most factors has been rather mixed or preliminary. This calls for more replication studies, both conceptual and direct, before firm conclusions can be made for each modulating factor.
Early adversity and family resilience factors in children with autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review
Authors: Kuenzel Elizabeth , Duerden Emma G.
Published: May 2024

Global estimates indicate that autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that is currently diagnosed in 1 in 100 people across the world. Autistic children can experience deficits in social communication, often linked to difficulties with joint attention and facial emotion recognition. Restrictive repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs) are also part of the diagnostic criteria of autism and are associated with lower adaptive skills. Due to social challenges and RRBIs exhibited by autistic children, they may be at higher risk for experiencing social and familial stressors. In non-autistic children, early adversity is predictive of deficits in executive functioning, neurological changes, and poor adult health. However, resilience factors have been identified, which can offset the negative impacts of adversity. In autistic children, these protective factors may have differential downstream influences on children's outcomes due to cognitive and social difficulties. In this narrative review, we report that autistic children are more likely to experience familial and environmental stressors compared to non-autistic children. Resilience factors such as positive parenting, sleep, social relationships, and executive functioning skills were identified as key areas for future research.

Lay summary

Children with autism are statistically more likely than their peers to be exposed to adverse childhood events including bullying, parental divorce, and poverty. The more severely affected a child is by autism the greater the likelihood they will be exposed to early life stress. This indicates that the most vulnerable children with autism who have limited adaptive skills to promote resilience to stress may have the highest exposure to stressful events during their childhood. In turn, a better understanding of how early adversity impacts children with autism is needed as well to characterize resilience factors that promote optimal outcomes. In this review of the literature, it was found that children with autism may experience more stress from their family and surroundings compared to children without autism. Factors that can help these children cope better were identified, including supportive parenting, getting enough sleep, having friends, and having good problem-solving skills. This research could help parents and teachers better understand how to support children with autism who are experiencing early adversity.
CD8+ T-cell differentiation and dysfunction inform treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mazziotta Francesco , Biavati Luca , Rimando Joseph , Rutella Sergio , Borcherding Nicholas , Parbhoo Sonali , Mukhopadhyay Rupkatha , Chowdhury Sayan , Knaus Hanna A. , Valent Peter , Hackl Hubert , Borrello Ivan M. , Blazar Bruce R. , Hatzi Katerina , Gojo Ivana , Luznik Leo
Published: May 2024

The interplay between T-cell states of differentiation, dysfunction, and treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Here, we leveraged a multimodal approach encompassing high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics and found that early memory CD8+ T cells are associated with therapy response and exhibit a bifurcation into 2 distinct terminal end states. One state is enriched for markers of activation, whereas the other expresses natural killer (NK)-like and senescence markers. The skewed clonal differentiation trajectory toward CD8+ senescence was also a hallmark indicative of therapy resistance. We validated these findings by generating an AML CD8+ single-cell atlas integrating our data and other independent data sets. Finally, our analysis revealed that an imbalance between CD8+ early memory and senescent-like cells is linked to AML treatment refractoriness and poor survival. Our study provides crucial insights into the dynamics of CD8+ T-cell differentiation and advances our understanding of CD8+ T-cell dysfunction in AML.
Targeting the tumor microenvironment for treating double-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Lewis Richard I. , vom Stein Alexander F. , Hallek Michael
Published: May 2024

The introduction of BTK inhibitors and BCL2 antagonists to the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has revolutionized therapy and improved patient outcomes. These agents have replaced chemoimmunotherapy as standard of care. Despite this progress, a new group of patients is currently emerging, which has become refractory or intolerant to both classes of agents, creating an unmet medical need. Here, we propose that the targeted modulation of the tumor microenvironment provides new therapeutic options for this group of double-refractory patients. Furthermore, we outline a sequential strategy for tumor microenvironment-directed combination therapies in CLL that can be tested in clinical protocols.
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity and outcomes of patients with graft-versus-host disease: a CIBMTR analysis
Authors: Farhadfar Nosha , Rashid Nahid , Chen Karen , DeVos Jakob , Wang Tao , Ballen Karen , Beitinjaneh Amer , Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Hamilton Betty K. , Hematti Peiman , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Solomon Scott R. , El Jurdi Najla , Lee Catherine J. , MacMillan Margaret L. , Rangarajan Hemalatha G. , Schoemans Hélène , Sharma Akshay , Spellman Stephen R. , Wingard John R. , Lee Stephanie J.
Published: May 2024

Socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity have been associated with the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Certain aspects of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) management, such as the need for long-term care, prolonged immunosuppressive treatment, and close follow-up for complications, may exacerbate disparities. Adults (≥18 years) reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research who underwent a first allo-HCT for acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasm between 2008 and 2018 were included. End points for those developing GVHD included overall survival (OS), transplant-related mortality (TRM), and disease relapse. Models were adjusted for patient- and transplant-related variables. A 2-sided P value < .01 was considered significant. Among the 14 825 allo-HCT recipients, 6259 (42.2%) and 6675 (45.0%) patients developed acute GVHD (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD), respectively. Among patients with aGVHD, non-Hispanic Black patients had increased TRM and overall mortality compared with non-Hispanic White patients; this association disappeared when severity of aGVHD was included in the model. Lower SES was associated with increased risk of disease relapse but not OS or TRM. In patients who developed cGVHD, race and ethnicity were not associated with OS, TRM, or disease relapse. However, the highest quartile of annual household income (≥$80 000) had improved OS and reduced TRM compared with the lowest quartile, after adjusting for race and ethnicity. In summary, race/ethnicity and SES are associated with outcomes after GVHD. Optimizing the health care resources available to low SES patients and strategies to minimize the risk of severe GVHD in non-Hispanic Black patients may improve long-term outcomes.
Phylogeny, character evolution and historical biogeography of Scurrulinae (Loranthaceae): new insights into the circumscription of the genus Taxillus
Authors: Le Chi Toan , Lu Limin , Nguyen Van Du , Chen Zhiduan , Omollo Wyckliffe Omondi , Liu Bing
Published: May 2024

Background

Exploring the relationship between parasitic plants and answering taxonomic questions is still challenging. The subtribe Scurrulinae (Loranthaceae), which has a wide distribution in Asia and Africa, provides an excellent example to illuminate this scenario. Using a comprehensive taxon sampling of the subtribe, this study focuses on infer the phylogenetic relationships within Scurrulinae, investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of the subtribe, and establish a phylogenetically-based classification incorporating both molecular and morphological evidence. We conducted phylogenetic, historical biogeography, and ancestral character state reconstruction analyses of Scurrulinae based on the sequences of six DNA regions from 89 individuals to represent all five tribes of the Loranthaceae and the dataset from eleven morphological characters.

Results

The results strongly support the non-monophyletic of Scurrulinae, with Phyllodesmis recognized as a separate genus from its allies Taxillus and Scurrula based on the results from molecular data and morphological character reconstruction. The mistletoe Scurrulinae originated in Asia during the Oligocene. Scurrulinae was inferred to have been widespread in Asia but did not disperse to other areas. The African species of Taxillus, T. wiensii, was confirmed to have originated in Africa from African Loranthaceae ca. 17 Ma, and evolved independently from Asian members of Taxillus.

Conclusions

This study based on comprehensive taxon sampling of the subtribe Scurrulinae, strongly supports the relationship between genera. The taxonomic treatment for Phyllodesmis was provided. The historical biogeography of mistletoe Scurrulinae was determined with origin in Asia during the Oligocene. Taxillus and Scurrula diverged during the climatic optimum in the middle Miocene. Taxillus wiensii originated in Africa from African Loranthaceae, and is an independent lineage from the Asian species of Taxillus. Diversification of Scurrulinae and the development of endemic species in Asia may have been supported by the fast-changing climate, including cooling, drying, and the progressive uplift of the high mountains in central Asia, especially during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene.
Preliminary study on the diagnostic value of LEAP-2 and CK18 in biopsy-proven MAFLD
Authors: Liu Zhi , Ren Qiao , Mu Hongying , Zeng Yuping , An Zhenmei , He He
Published: May 2024

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy, as the diagnostic gold standard, is invasive and has sampling bias, making it particularly important to search for sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis. Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) M30 and M65 are products of liver cell apoptosis and necrosis, respectively, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) is a related indicator of glucose and lipid metabolism. Correlation studies have found that all three indicators positively correlate with the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Through comparison of diagnostic values, it was found that CK18 M65 can better distinguish between healthy individuals and MAFLD; LEAP-2 can effectively distinguish MAFLD from other liver diseases, especially ALD.
Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in outpatient Malian women living with HIV: a pilot study
Authors: Traore Ban , Kassogue Yaya , Diakite Brehima , Diarra Fousseyni , Cisse Kadidiatou , Kassogue Oumar , Diarra Modibo , Coulibaly Aissata , Coulibaly Bourama , Diallo Hama , Diarra Zoumana , Ly Madani , Maiga Aminata , Sissoko Sidi Boula , Sissoko Adama Seydou , Traore Cheick Bougadari , Kamate Bakarou , Teguete Ibrahima , Bah Sekou , Dolo Guimogo , Gursel Demirkan Besim , Holl Jane , Hou Lifang , Maiga Mamoudou
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Long-term exposure to high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) is a well-known necessary condition for development of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to screen for Hr-HPV using vaginal self-sampling, which is a more effective approach to improve women’s adherence and increase screening rates.

Methods

This pilot study included a total of 100 Women living with HIV (WLWHIV), recruited from the Center for Listening, Care, Animation, and Counseling of People Living with HIV in Bamako. Hr-HPV genotyping was performed on Self-collected samples using the Cepheid GeneXpert instrument.

Results

The median age of WLWHIV was 44 (interquartile range [IQR], 37–50) years. Approximately 92% of the study participants preferred self-sampling at the clinic, and 90% opted to receive result notifications via mobile phone contact. The overall prevalence of Hr-HPV among study participants was 42.6%, and the most frequent Hr-HPV sub-types observed were HPV18/45 (19.1%), HPV31/35/33/52/58 (13.8%), and HPV39/68/56/66 (12.8%), followed by HPV16 (5.3%), and HPV51/59 (5.3%). WLWHIV under 35 years of age had a higher frequency of Hr-HPV compared to their older counterparts, with rates of 30% versus 11.1% (p = 0.03). The duration of antiretroviral treatment showed an inverse association with Hr-HPV negativity, with patients on treatment for 15 (IQR, 10–18) years versus 12 (IQR = 7–14) years for Hr-HPV positive patients (95% CI [1.2–5.8], t = 3.04, p = 0.003). WLWHIV with baseline CD4 T-Cell counts below 200 exhibited a higher frequency of Hr-HPV compared to those with baseline CD4 T-Cell counts above 200 (17.9% versus 1.9%, p = 0.009). However, other demographics and clinical factors, such as marital status, age of sexual debut, parity, education, history of abortion, history of preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery, did not influence the distribution of Hr-HPV genotypes.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that WLWHIV under the age of 35 years old exhibited the highest prevalence of Hr-HPV infection, with HPV18/45 being the most prevalent subtype. Additionally, WLWHIV with baseline CD4 T-Cell counts below 200 showed the highest infection rates.