bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inovação Sustentável: um estudo sobre a produção científica internacional e seus hot-topics
Authors: Oliveira Giulia Xisto de , Vestena Debora , Kumer Isabela Marques , Gomes Clandia Maffini
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender as características da produção científico internacional referente à temática inovação sustentável. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliométrica, de natureza descritiva e abordagem quantitativa, operacionalizada por meio da plataforma de base de dados científicos internacional Web of Science, utilizando como período de análise os anos de 1993 a 2018. Como principais resultados, destaca-se o crescimento do número de artigos publicados ao longo dos anos, apresentando maior quantidade no ano de 2018. Dentre as intuições, destacam-se a Utrecht University, Delft University of Technology e University Of London como aquelas intuições que mais publicam na área pesquisada. Os países que apresentam maior número de publicações são Estados Unidos, China e Inglaterra, respectivamente. Ainda, identificou-se que management, policy e technology são hot topics relacionados à inovação sustentável.
Percutaneous Spine Biopsy: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Nourbakhsh Ali , Hanson Zachary C.
Published: February 2021

Spine lesions are often the result of pathologic processes elsewhere in the body; prompt and accurate diagnosis are crucial to optimize treatment. Despite modern advances in imaging modalities, definitive diagnosis ultimately requires biopsy and histologic analysis. Although open surgical biopsy has traditionally been considered the benchmark, percutaneous image-guided needle biopsy of the spine has proven to be a safe and highly effective method in making a diagnosis. Choosing the optimal biopsy approach, instrumentation and modality of image guidance may depend on a number of factors including lesion type, location, and level within the spine. Knowledge of relevant anatomy, indications, contraindications, and potential complications are critical to a successful biopsy procedure.
The Spastic Upper Extremity in Children: Multilevel Surgical Decision-making
Authors: Chaudhry Sonia , Bhardwaj Praveen , Venkatramani Hari , Sabapathy S. Raja
Published: February 2021

Multilevel surgery for upper extremity spasticity is the current surgical standard. While the literature details surgical techniques and outcomes, a comprehensive guide to surgical planning is lacking. Patients commonly present with posturing into shoulder internal rotation, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion with ulnar deviation, finger flexion, and thumb adduction, although variations exist. Multiple surgical options exist for each segment; therefore, repeated examinations for contracture, pathologic laxity, and out of phase activity are necessary to optimize the surgical plan. To avoid decreasing function, one must carefully balance the benefits of contracture release and tendon transfers with their weakening effects. In certain cases, stability from joint fusion outweighs the loss of motion. Failure to recognize dynamic posturing, grasp and release requirements, or hand intrinsic spasticity can worsen function and cause new deformities. Surgical indications are formulated for individual deformity patterns and severity along with personal/family goals. General comprehension, voluntary control, and sensation, although not modifiable, influence decision making and are prognostic indicators. Functional improvement is unlikely without preexisting voluntary control, but appearance and visual feedback may be improved by repositioning nonetheless. Appropriate interventions and management of expectations will optimize limb appearance and function while avoiding unexpected sequelae.
Low Molecular-weight Hyaluronic Acid Versus Physiotherapy for the Treatment of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Rezasoltani Zahra , Esmaily Hadi , Dadarkhah Afsaneh , Rousta Mansoure , Mohebbi Rezvaneh , Vashaei Fatemeh
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

The tendons of the rotator cuff are major sources of shoulder pain. This study aimed to compare the effects of low molecular-weight hyaluronic acid with physiotherapy (PT) in patients with supraspinatus tendinopathy (ST).

Methods:

We carried out a parallel two-group randomized comparative clinical trial in an outpatient clinic of physical medicine and rehabilitation at a teaching hospital. In total, 51 patients (31 women) aged 20 to 55 years with ST were randomly allocated to subacromial hyaluronate injection (n = 28) and PT (n = 23) groups. For the hyaluronate group, we administered a single injection of 2 mL (20 mg) hyaluronate 1% (500 to 700 kDa). For PT, we prescribed three sessions of treatment per week for 12 weeks, totaling 36 sessions including rotator cuff activation exercises. The primary outcome was shoulder pain in the visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes included the range of movement and the disability score of the shoulder, and a World Health Organization questionnaire on quality of life. We did the measurements at the baseline and at one, four, and 12 weeks after intervention.

Results:

The results showed that both interventions were beneficial in the management of ST. However, hyaluronate was more effective in reducing shoulder pain at rest and during activities (both P < 0.001, effect size = 0.52 and 0.68, respectively). The two interventions similarly decreased patients' disability (P = 0.196). Hyaluronate improved shoulder motion and the quality of life better than PT.

Conclusion:

In the treatment of ST, low molecular-weight hyaluronate is more effective than PT, at least for three months. Particularly, hyaluronate is more successful in alleviating pain.
A Model for Material Strengthening under the Combined Effect of Cavitation-Bubble Collapse and Al2O3 Particles, and Its Test Verification
Authors: Liu Lei , Guo Huafeng , Yu Ping
Published: February 2021

A magnesium alloy was subjected to strengthening treatment by coupling cavitation bubbles with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The samples were strengthened by embedding Al2O3 nanoparticles with the energy generated by cavitation-bubble collapse, following which a strengthening model was established to perform test verification. The result showed that, after experiencing the combined effect for 5 min, nanoparticles appear on the sample surface, observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM); by applying the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), it is found that the Al2O3 content increases, implying that Al2O3 particles have been embedded in the sample surface. The microhardness of the samples improves by 36 %. In terms of the strengthening mechanism under the combined effect, the energy generated due to cavitation-bubble collapse is transferred to the Al2O3 particles to enable them to strike the sample surface. Thus, the samples have a more gentle impact, and the transition zone with pits formed on the sample surface is significantly smoother and more continuous. Moreover, the samples are further strengthened after Al2O3 nanoparticles are embedded within the sample surface, as these nanoparticles present high strength and microhardness. However, with the increasing duration of the strengthening process, the failure characteristics of surface morphologies of the samples gradually develop; after experiencing the combined effect for 10 min, a large area of the surface is damaged. XRD and XPS results indicate that Al2O3 particles induce a decrease in the binding capacity with the surface layer of the samples and thus gradually separate from the samples. Therefore, the properties of the samples are adversely affected.
Akcyza na płyn do e-papierosów i wyroby nowatorskie
Authors: Sadzyńska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Dynamicznie rozwijający się rynek papierosów elektronicznych i wyrobów nowatorskich niedawno został uregulowany. Łatwa dostępność i niska cena papierosów elektronicznych sprawiają, że ich palenie jest zjawiskiem powszechnym, zwłaszcza wśród młodzieży. Wszelkiego rodzaju wyroby tytoniowe, które zawierają wysoką dawkę nikotyny, są bardzo szkodliwe dla zdrowia – powodują poważne choroby, znacząco wpływające na wzrost kosztów leczenia. Wprowadzane przez rząd zmiany związane z polityką prozdrowotną, dotyczące obowiązkowego podatku akcyzowego na płyn do e-papierosów i tzw. wyrobów nowatorskich, mają na celu ograniczenie dostępności tego rodzaju używek. Albowiem opodatkowanie tych wyrobów, spowoduje wzrost ceny, a tym samym spadek zainteresowania nimi. Dodatkowo, przynajmniej w założeniu, powinny spowodować znaczny wpływ dochodów do budżetu państwa.
Spółka komandytowa – status wspólników na gruncie
Kodeksu spółek handlowych
Authors: Sobiech Agnieszka , Sobiech Maciej
Published: February 2021

zgodnie z art. 1 ust. 3 ustawy z dnia 15 lutego 1992 r. o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych1 przepisy tej
ustawy mają zastosowanie również do spółek komandytowych. Tym samym zrównano na gruncie podatkowym
sytuację spółek komandytowych z sytuacją innych spółek objętych powyższym podatkiem. Spółka komandytowa
nie będzie już transparentna dla podatku dochodowego, a zatem od osiągniętego dochodu będzie płacić podatek
dochodowy od osób prawnych – w zależności od dokonanego przez spółkę wyboru – od dnia 1 stycznia 2021 r.
albo od dnia 1 maja 2021 r. Podstawowa wysokość stawki podatku dochodowego to 19% od osiągniętego dochodu.
Jeżeli spółka komandytowa będzie mogła zostać uznana za tzw. małego podatnika, stawka ta wyniesienie 9%.
W konsekwencji dochód osiągany z działalności spółek komandytowych będzie podwójnie opodatkowany – raz
na poziomie spółki, a potem na poziomie wspólników. Powyższe zmiany podatkowe są dobrą okazją do zastanowienia
się, czy spółka komandytowa, w jej dotychczasowym kształcie, uwzględniając cele i uwarunkowania poszczególnych
wspólników, jest optymalną formą prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. Kluczowe mogą się
okazać przepisy Kodeksu spółek handlowych2 i wynikające z nich cechy konkretnej spółki handlowej w kontekście
indywidualnych oczekiwań wspólników. Wśród nich wyróżnić można np.: potrzebę ograniczenia odpowiedzialności
wspólników za zobowiązania spółki, skalę i rodzaj prowadzonej działalności, wkłady wniesione do spółki,
istniejące powiązania między wspólnikami, ich udział w zysku i potrzeby w zakresie bieżących wypłat ze spółki,
wolę reinwestowania zysków spółki i inne aspekty prawne funkcjonowania spółki. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest
omówienie ww. zagadnień i przedstawienie statusu wspólników spółki komandytowej na gruncie Kodeksu spółek
handlowych.
Estudo Exploratório Sobre o Uso da Arquitetura de Microsserviços em Empresas da Cidade de Maringá-PR
Authors: Deprá Tamires , Tanno Douglas , Amaral Aline , Colanzi Thelma
Published: February 2021

A arquitetura de microsserviços, embora ainda muito recente, já demonstra grande impacto na indústria de software, onde empresas dos mais variados tamanhos e segmentos vêm adotando esse estilo arquitetural. Neste trabalho buscou-se identificar se as empresas de software da cidade de Maringá - PR utilizam a arquitetura de microserviços e como a utilizam. Para este propósito, um questionário foi aplicado em uma amostra de empresas da cidade de Maringá - PR. Com os dados resultantes da aplicação do questionário, foi possível observar que um número expressivo de empresas utilizam a arquitetura de microsserviços e que as mesmas aplicam as boas práticas observadas na literatura para seu uso.
The Use of Design Thinking in a Global Information Technology Company
Authors: Kryvoruchca Gabriel , Corrêa Lauriane , Parizi Rafael , Marczak Sabrina
Published: February 2021

Software companies have been using Design Thinking to support software development, fostering the creation of innovative features and products. However, there is not so much knowledge of what matters for the application of Design Thinking being successful. Thus, this study aims to describe how does the adoption of Design Thinking with software development take place in a global information technology company through an interview-based case study with 16 professionals. Our analysis indicates that Design Thinking is used in software products, software improvements, processes, user experience identification and solution discovery. Also, there are perceived benefits and challenges during the Design Thinking activities. As a result, this paper describes the Design Thinking phenomenon in software development, serving as a guide for practitioners on how to set up and implement Design Thinking activities and publishing more academic research.
Towards a Process for Migrating Legacy Systems into Microservice Architectural Style
Authors: Wolfart Daniele , Schmeing Ederson , Geraldino Gustavo , Villaca Guilherme , Paza Diogo , Paganini Diogo , Assunção Wesley K. G. , Da Silva Ivonei F. , Santander Victor F. A.
Published: February 2021

Microservice architectural style is a paradigm to develop systems as a suite of small and autonomous services, communicating thought a lightweight protocol. Currently, the most common way of adopting microservice architectures is by the modernization of legacy monolith systems. The migration of a legacy system into a microservice architecture is not a trivial task. In addition, there is a lack of recommendation or guidelines on how to perform such process. In view of this, this paper presents a preliminary process for conducting the migration of legacy systems into microservice architectures. This process was defined by analyzing and discussing pieces of work on the topic. As result, we propose a process composed of eight steps, grouped in four phases, which we describe together with their common input and output.
Financial Distress Prediction for Small and Medium Enterprises Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Malakauskas Aidas , Lakštutienė Aušrinė
Published: February 2021

Financial distress prediction is a key challenge every financing provider faces when determining borrower creditworthiness. Inherent opaqueness of Small and Medium Enterprise business complicates credit decision making process, therefore increasing cost to finance and lowering probability of receiving funds. This paper used data on 12.000 SMEs to estimate binomial classifiers for financial distress prediction using Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forest techniques. Classical financial ratios were used to estimate initial single-period predictors, which were later enhanced with time, credit history and age factors to retrieve multi-period models. Contrary to other studies, financial distress is understood as a significant challenge to company’s ability to cover liabilities rather than probability to go bankrupt. Highest prediction accuracy was reached using Random Forest algorithm with additional factors. It was concluded that period-at-risk adjustment is necessary to ensure highest financial distress prediction accuracy.
Effektive Strafverteidigung und Vertrauen
Authors: Böhm Nicolas
Published: February 2021

Ein Vertrauensverhältnis zwischen Beschuldigtem und Verteidiger wird als Basis einer wirkungsmächtigen Geltendmachung der Beschuldigteninteressen angesehen. Auch der Gesetzgeber hat durch die Reform des Rechts der notwendigen Verteidigung den Begriff des Vertrauens erstmals in die StPO aufgenommen und klargestellt, dass bei einem zerrütteten Vertrauen die Bestellung des Pflichtverteidigers aufzuheben ist.

Dennoch wird Bedeutung, Inhalt und Reichweite von Vertrauen in der Verteidigungsbeziehung mehr behauptet, als argumentativ belegt. Der Verfasser untersucht daher aus einer interdisziplinären Perspektive Vertrauen als Voraussetzung effektiver Strafverteidigung und stellt es in Zusammenhang mit dem (Straf-)Recht insgesamt. Damit wird ein wichtiger Beitrag für die rechtstheoretischen Grundlagen der Verteidigung geleistet und die Reform des Rechts der notwendigen Verteidigung kritisch gewürdigt. Die innovative Arbeit ist somit für Wissenschaft und Praxis gleichermaßen von Nutzen.
Die Kündigung des anwaltlichen Mandatsvertrags und ihre vergütungsrechtlichen Konsequenzen (§§ 627, 628 BGB)
Authors: Aly Victor
Published: February 2021

The first monographic analysis regarding the premature termination of attorney-client contracts. The work describes the effects of secs. 627, 628 of the German Civil Code on this type of contract and provides a fundamental clarification of their interaction with the special regulations governing the lawyer's profession.
Pea Seed Proteins: A Nutritional and Nutraceutical Update
Authors: Kaur Dhaliwal Sandeep , Salaria Pooja , Kaushik Prashant
Published: February 2021

Grain legumes are well known as staple sources of soluble protein worldwide. Pea is essentially the most quickly growing crop for immediate human consumption and has the potential for higher effect as being a protein supply for foods processing apps. Pea seeds are an essential source of plant-based proteins. The better acceptance of pea protein-rich food is due to pea manifold attributes, excellent functional qualities, high vitamin value, accessibility, and comparatively small cost. Pea proteins are not merely nutritional amino acids but are an indispensable source of bioactive peptides that offer health benefits. This chapter focuses on the present information of isolation methods, extraction, and of seed proteins in pea. Overall, we believe that analogous research and advancement on pea proteins would be required for further more substantial increase in pea protein utilization is envisaged.
Eye Tracking Using Nonverbal Tasks Could Contribute to Diagnostics of Developmental Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Bilkova Zuzana , Dobias Martin , Dolezal Jaromir , Fabian Vratislav , Havlisova Helena , Jost Jiri , Malinovska Olga
Published: February 2021

There are not many studies dealing with a comparison of the eye movements of individuals with dyslexia and developmental language disorder (DLD). The aim of this study is to compare the eye movements in the two most common language disorders, dyslexia and DLD and to consider their contribution to diagnostics. In the research the oculomotor test was administered to 60 children with the clinical diagnosis of dyslexia or DLD and 58 typically developing children (controls). The test included a prosaccadic task, antisaccadic task and a nonverbal sequential task with self-regulation of the pace. Controls could be singled out from other two clinical groups by means of the oculomotor imaging. Both of the clinical groups in comparison with the controls were characterized by worse overall performance. Through the employment of the oculomotor it was possible to differentiate between both of the clinical groups. The dyslexics had an overall worse oculomotor performance than the DLD group. The results of the study show that the oculomotor test has the potential to contribute to diagnostics of dyslexia and DLD and the screening of these disorders at pre-school age.
Principles of Midwifery Care during Virulent Outbreaks
Authors: S. Kollie Erhuvwukorotu
Published: February 2021

In recent past virulent disease outbreaks have ravaged different parts of the world. The impact have been felt worldwide. During these outbreaks health workers are usually at high risk for contracting the infections. Rendering maternal antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care can be challenging during these outbreaks. Some of these disease that have debuted fearsome outbreaks in the recent past are described briefly in terms of their characteristics, pathology, and treatments. The struggles involved in containing one of the outbreaks are highlighted. The dilemma that ensued as a result of seeking for balance between obligation, heroic midwifery interventions, and sense of calling have been explored. Special emphasis is accorded to highlighting the experiences of midwives during the recent 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Recommended principles to guide midwifery practices suitable for sustaining the safety of families needing midwifery care and health care providers rendering midwifery care are described.
Combustion and Emissions of Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Gasoline-Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Putrasari Yanuandri , Lim Ocktaeck
Published: February 2021

A gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine was proposed to be the next generation internal combustion engine for gasoline. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and intake boosting on combustion and emissions of GCI engine fueled with gasoline-biodiesel blends by partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustions are investigated in this study. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder direct-injection CI engine, with 5% by volume proportion of biodiesel in gasoline fuel blends. Engine control parameters (EGR rate, intake boosting rate, and various injection strategies) were adjusted to investigate their influences on combustion and emissions of this GCI engine. It is found that changes in EGR rate, intake boosting pressure and injection strategies affect on ignition delay, maximum pressure rise rate and thermal efficiency which is closely tied to HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions, respectively.
Brushless Electric Machines with Axial Magnetic Flux: Analysis and Synthesis
Authors: Gandzha Sergey , Gandzha Dmitry
Published: February 2021

An analysis of electric machines with axial magnetic flux is given. First, the effect of commutation on the electromagnetic moment and electromagnetic power is analyzed. Two types of discrete switching are considered. The analysis is performed for an arbitrary number of phases. The first type of switching involves disabling one phase for the duration of switching. The second type of switching involves the operation of all phases in the switching interval. The influence of the pole arc and the number of phases on the electromagnetic moment and electromagnetic power is investigated. The conclusion is made about the advantage of the second type of switching. It is recommended to increase the number of phases. Next, the classification of the main structures of the axial machine is carried out. Four main versions are defined. For each variant, the equation of the electromagnetic moment and electromagnetic power is derived. This takes into account the type of commutation. The efficiency of the selected structures is analyzed. The comparative analysis is tabulated for choosing the best option. The table is convenient for engineering practice. This chapter forms the basis for computer-aided design of this class of machines.
Pharmacogenetics of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Shnayder Natalia , Petrova Marina , Bochanova Elena , Zimnitskaya Olga , Savinova Alina , Pozhilenkova Elena , Nasyrova Regina
Published: February 2021

For more than 50 years, oral vitamin K antagonists were the choice of anticoagulant for the long-term treatment and prevention of arterial and venous thromboembolic events. In recent years, four direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban have been compared with warfarin for thromboembolism prevention. These anticoagulants directly inhibit specific proteins within the coagulation cascade; in contrast, oral vitamin K antagonists inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, and rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban, the factor Xa inhibitors, produce a more predictable, less labile anticoagulant effect. DOACs do not have limitations inherent vitamin K antagonists. DOACs have a predictable pharmacokinetic profile and are free of advers drugs reactions inherent in vitamin K antagonists. However, it is necessary to take into account the pharmacogenetic characteristics of the individual that can affect effectiveness and safety of use of DOACs. The results carried out to the present fundamental and clinical studies of DOACs studies demonstrate an undeniable the influence of genome changes on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DOACs. However, the studies need to be continued. There is a need to plan and conduct larger studies in various ethnic groups with the inclusion of sufficient associative genetic studies of the number of patients in each of the documented groups treatments with well-defined phenotypes.
Convective Heat Transfer of Ethanol/Polyalphaolefin Nanoemulsion in Mini- and Microchannel Heat Exchangers for High Heat Flux Electronics Cooling
Authors: Rios Jaime , Kabirnajafi Mehdi , Gameda Takele , Mohammed Raid , Xu Jiajun
Published: February 2021

The present study experimentally and numerically investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a novel nanostructured heat transfer fluid, namely, ethanol/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion, inside a conventionally manufactured minichannel of circular cross section and a microchannel heat exchanger of rectangular cross section manufactured additively using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process. The experiments were conducted for single-phase flow of pure polyalphaolefin (PAO) and ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids with two ethanol concentrations of 4 wt% and 8 wt% as well as for two-phase flow boiling of nanoemulsion fluids to study the effect of ethanol nanodroplets on the convective flow and heat transfer characteristics. Furthermore, the effects of flow regime of the working fluids on the heat transfer performance for both the minichannel and microchannel heat exchangers were examined within the laminar and transitional flow regimes. It was found that the ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids can improve convective heat transfer compared to that of the pure PAO base fluid under both single- and two-phase flow regimes. While the concentration of nanoemulsion fluids did not reflect a remarkable distinction in single-phase heat transfer performance within the laminar regime, a significant heat transfer enhancement was observed using the nanoemulsion fluids upon entering the transitional flow regime. The heat transfer enhancement at higher concentrations of nanoemulsion within the transitional regime is mainly attributed to the enhanced interaction and interfacial thermal transport between ethanol nanodroplets and PAO base fluid. For two-phase flow boiling, heat transfer coefficients of ethanol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids were further enhanced when the ethanol nanodroplets underwent phase change. A comparative study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics was also implemented between the traditionally fabricated minichannel and additively manufactured microchannel of similar dimensions using the same working fluid of pure PAO and the same operating conditions. The results revealed that although the DMLS fabricated microchannel posed a higher pressure loss, a substantial heat transfer enhancement was achieved as compared to the minichannel heat exchanger tested under the same conditions. The non-post processed surface of the DMLS manufactured microchannel is likely to be the main contributor to the augmented heat transfer performance. Further studies are required to fully appreciate the possible mechanisms behind this phenomenon as well as the convective heat transfer properties of nanoemulsion fluids.
Sustainable Teaching in an Uncertain World: Pedagogical Continuities, Un-Precedented Challenges
Authors: Farrell Rachel , Sugrue Ciaran
Published: February 2021

Beyond the very pressing immediacy of the pace of change induced by internationalising tendencies, a world without borders, there is increasing pressure on teachers to be more adept, agile, and adaptive, particularly at incorporating new and emerging technologies into their pedagogical repertoires, while international agencies, increasingly influential in this febrile landscape, proffer reform rhetorics that are superficial at best in their appreciation or understanding of local conditions, the realities of teachers’ lives and work. While an emphasis on ‘what works’ too has its limitations, what this chapter seeks to identify is not merely incremental contributions to often limited pedagogical repertoires, but to approach the considerable challenge from a sustainability perspective, sufficient to identify adaptive steps to possible futures that are hopeful, life enhancing, sustaining and sustainable, enriching the quality of teaching and learning, contributing to an emerging pedagogical praxis.
Role of Imaging in Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Imširović Bilal , Zerem Enver , Gušo Emir
Published: February 2021

The small intestine is a challenging organ for clinical and radiological evaluation. The introduction of radiological imaging techniques, which do not significantly disturb patients’ comfort and safety, attempts to obtain an adequate diagnosis and valuable information. The aim is to determine the capabilities and potential of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) enterography to establish the diagnosis and to evaluate the severity and activity of intestinal inflammation. Conventional ultrasound is a suitable orientation method in the initial evaluation of patients with Crohn’s disease. At the same time, contrast-enhanced MR enterography provides an excellent assessment of disease activity, as well as the complications that accompany it. Contrast-enhanced MR enterography, combined with DWI, allows for excellent evaluation of disease activity and problems or difficulties following it. The examination can be repeated, controlled and can monitor patients with this disease.
Movement-Related Cortical Potential Associated with Jaw-Biting Movement in the Patients with Oral Cancer after the Surgery
Authors: Nakajima Ichiro , Shinohara Mitsuyo , Ohba Hiroiku
Published: February 2021

Oral cancer is first treated with surgery for the patients. In most cases, it becomes difficult for these patients to perform smooth jaw movements postoperatively, causing masticatory dysfunctions, due to the mandible excision including muscles and peripheral nerves. However, it is still unknown whether the surgery affects the brain function for jaw movement in the patients. In this study, therefore, we investigated a significance of the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) for jaw movements in the patients after the cancer surgery, to clarify the motor preparation process in the brain, as compared with healthy subjects. Eight normal subjects and seven patients with oral cancers were enrolled in the study. Experiment 1: The normal subjects were instructed to perform jaw-biting movement and hand movement, respectively. The MRCPs appeared bilaterally over the scalp approximately 1 to 2 s before the onset of muscle discharge in both movements. Experiment 2: The MRCPs appeared preoperatively in the jaw biting movement in all patients. However, the amplitudes of the MRCP decreased significantly after than before the surgery (p < 0.05). Our data indicated the dysfunction of the motor preparation process for jaw movements in the patient after the surgery, suggesting impairment of feed-forward system in the maxillofacial area.
Optoelectronics and Optical Bio-Sensors
Authors: Tabbakh Thamer , Alotaibi Noha , A. Almusaylim Zahrah , Alabdulkarim Sundos , Jhanjhi N.Z. , Bin Darwish Nawaf
Published: February 2021

Optical biosensors (OB) have wide applications in bio-fields; they are valuable monitoring and detecting tools in therapy, food, defense and military industries. They also applied in environmental monitoring quality (i.e. water, soil and air). In recent years, biosensors have been applied in the early detection of number of diseases such as; alzahimer’s disease and infecting viruses. The OB detection technology is based either on label- based or label-free method. They are composed of integral physical and biological systems, which can provide sensitive analysis for bio-analytes. This chapter will shade the light over the OB principles and their applications with the focus on the surface plasmon resonance.
Chromosome Banding and Mechanism of Chromosome Aberrations
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kiso Asikho , Abenthung Kithan N.
Published: February 2021

Chromosome identification depends on the morphological features of the chromosome and therefore karyotype and its banding pattern analyses are the most suitable technique to identify each and every chromosome of a chromosome complement. Moreover, aberrations caused by breaks play an important role in the evolution of a chromosome set and chromosome complement by decreasing or increasing the chromosome number. Therefore, both the aspects are discussed in detail in the present chapter. At present, the chapter will highlight the karyotype and its components, karyotype trends, evolution and its role in speciation, banding pattern and techniques, chromosome differentiation and linearization, banding applications and their uses, detection and analysis of chromosomal aberrations, chromosome and chromatid types of aberrations and mechanism of the formation of chromosome aberrations and breaks for karyotype evolutionary trends.
İleri Evre Medüller Tiroid Kanseri Tedavisinde Tirozin Kinaz İnhibitörü Kullanımı-Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: EBİNÇ Senar
Published: February 2021

Öz

Giriş: Medüller tiroid kanseri nadir görülen tiroid kanserlerindendir. Hastaların %5-10 kadarı uzak metastaz ile başvurmaktadır. Metastatik hastalıkta göreceli olarak sitotoksik kemoterapilere dirençli olan bu kanser tipinde tirozin kinaz inhibitörleriyle uzun süre stabil yanıt elde edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada medüller tiroid kanserinde tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri kullanımı ve tedavi yanıtlarını incelemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: 2006-2019 tarihleri arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Onkoloji Kliniği’ne başvurmuş olan lokal ileri veya metastatik medüller tiroid kanseri tanılı hastaların klinik özellikleri, aldıkları tedaviler ve tedaviye yanıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 2006-2019 yılları arasında kliniğimize başvuran metastatik medüller tiroid kanserli 12 hasta alındı. Hastalarımızın 4’ü (%33,3) kadın, 8’i (%66,7) ise erkek idi. Her iki cinsiyette ortalama yaş 44.5 (24-67) yıldı. Sekiz (%66) hastada sadece lenf nodu veya yumuşak doku metastazı varken, 3 (%25) hastada hem kemik hem de visseral organ metastazı mevcut idi. Bir (%8,3) hastada ise sadece kemik metastazı vardı. On iki hastamızın 2’sinde medüller tiroid kanseri multiple endokrin neoplazi 2A sendromunun bir parçası idi. Birinci basamak tedavide 5 hasta sitotoksik kemoterapi almıştı. Bu hastalarda progresyonsuz sağkalım 6 ay olarak izlendi. On iki hastamızın hepsi birinci veya ikinci basamakta tirozin kinaz inhibitörü kullanmıştı. Birinci veya ikinci basamakta vandetanib kullanmış olan 10 hastada medyan takip süresi 28 ay idi ve bu hastalarda medyan progresyonsuz sağkalım süresine henüz ulaşılamamıştı. Geriye kalan iki hasta da sorafenib kullanmıştı. Herhangi bir tirozin kinaz inhibitörü kullanan hastalarda ise medyan progresyonsuz sağkalım süresi 40 ay olarak izlendi.

Sonuç: Medüller tiroid kanserinin tedavisinde tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri ve özellikle vandetanib kullanımı uzun süreli hastalık stabilizasyonu ve progresyonsuz sağkalım avantajı sağlamaktadır.
Investigation of the 1249G>A Genetic Variation of ABCC2 Drug Transporter Gene in the Turkish Population
Authors: UCKUN SAHİNOGULLARİ Zuhal
Published: February 2021

Objectives: ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a major superfamily of drug transporters and provide active transport of diverse substrates across cell membranes of several cell types. Genetic variations that affect function in ABCC2 gene may alter therapeutic outcome and the risk of toxicity to substrate drugs. The goal of the current survey was to ascertain the allele and genotype frequencies of ABCC2 1249G>A polymorphism in a Turkish population and to compare the findings obtained with the frequencies of previously reported populations.

Methods: The frequencies of the ABCC2 1249G>A gene polymorphism were determined in 101 healthy Turkish individuals using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.

Results: The frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 67.3%, 28.7% and 4.0%, respectively. The frequencies were 81.7% for G allele and 18.3% for A allele. The frequencies of genotypes were in concurrence with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Significant distinctions were observed in the comparison of the study data with the results of some populations of East and South Asian ancestries.

Conclusions: The current study presents the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of ABCC2 1249G>A polymorphism in the Turkish population. As far as is known, this is the first study about the frequencies of the ABCC2 1249G>A polymorphism in the Turkish population. This study may ensure valuable information for evaluating inter-individual differences in drug response, estimating adverse reactions and improving disease management, briefly, it can contribute to pharmacogenetic and epidemiological studies.
Web 2.0 Araçlarıyla Geliştirilen Uzaktan Eğitim Materyallerine Yönelik Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Görüşleri
Authors: YALMAN Murat , BAŞARAN Bülent
Published: February 2021

Dijital materyallerin kullanımı, yönetimi ve oluşturulması eğitim-öğretim faaliyetleri için giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Son yıllarda dijital bilgi aktarımı, depolama ve iletişim yöntemlerinin gelişmesi, bu materyallerin zaman ve konum fark etmeksizin öğrencilere ulaşılabilmesini mümkün kılmıştır. Çalışma, eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin Web 2.0 araçları ve eğitim uygulamaları hakkındaki algılarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Vaka çalışması yaklaşımı, bu çalışmanın metodolojik çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2016-2017 bahar döneminde uzaktan öğretim dersini alan 82 öğrenciyle yürütülmüştür. Ders sırasında öğrenciler çeşitli paket programlar kullanarak bulmaca, kavram haritaları, çalışma sayfaları, sunumlar ve posterler gibi dijital materyaller hazırlamıştır. Ayrıca, dersin amacı için öğrenilmesi gereken çok sayıda Web 2.0 araçları da öğrencilere tanıtılarak Moodle öğrenme yönetim sistemine yüklenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin, Seferoğlu ve Dağhan 2012 tarafından geliştirilen Öğretim Materyallerinin Nitelikleri Anketi ile alınmıştır. Ayrıca, yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak da öğrencilerin görüşleri alınmıştır.
Process Mining Tools Comparison
Authors: ÇELİK Ufuk , AKÇETİN Eyüp
Published: February 2021

Process mining is a new era in the science of data mining and is a subset of business intelligence. Process mining analysis provides an idea about a general process by comparing each process with others in the terms of time and responsible people who deal with the process. For this reason, event logs are checked. Event logs consist of large data. Because the event logs keep all the records that occur during short time intervals. Special programs are needed to examine such data. These programs generate a process map using information such as event ID, activity, time and responsible person. Through the analysis, processes are discovered, monitored and improved. In this study, the tools named ProM, Disco, Celonis and My-Invenio used in process mining were examined and their performance according to usage features compared. According to the obtained results, the usefulness, performance and reporting features of the software used in a process analysis are revealed.
Büyük Veri (Big Data)’nin Yapay Zekâ Uygulamalarında Toplumsal Sınıflandırmaya Yönelik Kaygılar
Authors: ÜNAL Sevda , SEZGİN Ayşe Aslı
Published: February 2021

Büyük Veri kavramı bağlamında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda, teknolojik determinist yaklaşımın etkileri dikkat çekmektedir. Bu etkilere yönelik eleştirilerin merkezinde, teknoloji odaklı bir yaklaşımın sosyal, kültürel ve etik yönleri göz ardı edeceği anlayışı bulunmaktadır. İki yönlü tartışmalar içerisinde Büyük Veri kavramı, bir yönden önemli bir teknolojik devrim olarak kabul edilirken diğer yönden ise kontrolün kaybedildiği, toplumsal huzursuzluğun kaynağı olarak distopik senaryolarda yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla, kavramın, toplumsal yaşamda yarattığı sorunlara odaklanmıştır. Makine yanlılığının büyük miktarlardaki verilerden, zamanla otomatik öğrenme sağlayan yapay zekâ olarak tanımlandığı süreçte, algoritmik ayrımcılığı ve bunun neticesinde yaşanan sınıflandırmayı örneklerle ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çalışmada, niteliksel betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Büyük Veri kaygıları başlığı altındaki yanlılıklardan yola çıkan çalışma, insanların kâr ve verimlilik arayışındaki programlama ile manipüle edilmesine dikkat çekmek istemiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda algoritmik ön yargıların, toplumsal sınıflandırmaya ve kaygılara sebep olduğu ve bunu anlayabilen bir toplumsal yapıya ihtiyaç duyulduğu, tartışma konusu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Büyük Veri kavramına ilişkin araştırmalarda bireye saygıyı ön plana alan çözüm süreçlerine gereksinim vardır. Böylece mantık güdümlü bir toplumsal görünümün ortaya çıkması önlenirken, kişi hak ve özgürlükleri, mahremiyeti dikkate alınabilecek, böylece etiketleme ve ötekileştirmeye yönelik çözümler üretilebilecektir.
Does Analogy Work in Demonstration?
Authors: D’Ettore Domenic ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

Thomas de Vio Cajetan produced a highly influential Thomistic treatise on analogy entitled De nominum analogia. The merits of this work have been contested since the sixteenth century. Notable twentieth-century Thomists who adopted many of the teachings of De nominum analogia include Jacques Maritain and Yves Simon. Joshua Hochschild’s The Semantics of Analogy highlighted the significance of chapter ten, where Cajetan applies his theory to resolve the problem of demonstrations that use analogous terms, with the explicit purpose of addressing a serious challenge from Scotists regarding the use of analogy in metaphysics. This paper examines the criticism of Cajetan’s way of using analogous terms in demonstrations by the seventeenth-century Franciscan Scotist Bartolomeo Mastri. It shows how the Thomist differs from the Scotist and analyzes these rival positions.
Ethanol Biomarker Testing and Challenges
Authors: Snozek Christine L. H. , Souers Rhona , Dizon Annabel , Magnani Barbarajean , Krasowski Matthew D.
Published: February 2021

Context.—

Clinical and forensic testing for ethanol biomarkers, including ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), is used to discern alcohol use from abstinence. These markers can be key in major decisions, including transplant eligibility or retaining licensure after alcohol misuse. Accuracy, precision, and recognition of the implications of reporting cutoffs are all essential for correct interpretation.

Objective.—

To evaluate trends in testing for EtG and EtS, including how laboratories perform testing and how comparable participant results are.

Design.—

The study examined the College of American Pathologists ethanol biomarker proficiency testing survey from 2013 to 2019. Trends in methodology, reporting cutoffs, and participant performance were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative EtG testing and for quantitative EtS testing.

Results.—

There was little consensus in reporting cutoffs, which ranged from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for EtG and 10 to 1500 ng/mL for EtS. Although median EtG and EtS compared well with target concentrations, individual participants' results varied widely. For quantitative enzyme immunoassay, accuracy and precision were best in EtG challenges less than 1500 ng/mL. For EtG or EtS by mass spectrometry, overall accuracy was good over a wide concentration range, but variability between participants was high. Approximately 10% (409 of 4059) of results were unacceptable, which for mass spectrometry corresponded to more than 35% above or below the group mean.

Conclusions.—

Although many participants performed well, there was insufficient consensus in reporting cutoffs, and a consistent fraction of laboratories failed to achieve survey standards. Guidelines for assay performance and reporting could greatly benefit laboratories and end users.
Empirical distribution function as a tool in quality control
Authors: Jevremović Vesna , Avdović Atif
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we are introducing two new methods for Quality Control. Those methods rely on using the Empirical distribution function of a given sample (or several samples). The first method we use for one sample, i.e. we can determine if each given sample is adequate. We use the second method to determine whether several samples are "in control" or not. For the sample to be "in control" state, the normal distribution is required.
The upsides and downsides of high self-control: Evidence for effects of similarity and situation dependency
Authors: Röseler Lukas , Ebert Jacqueline , Schütz Astrid , Baumeister Roy F.
Published: February 2021

High trait self-control is generally depicted as favorable. We investigated whether this holds for social perception. Using vignettes, we tested whether a person with high self-control is 1) preferred as a partner for all or only certain social situations, 2) perceived as less likeable than a person with low self-control, 3) liked more if the person is female and the behavior thus fits the sex-stereotype, and 4) perceived differently from a person with low self-control with respect to a wide range of adjectives used to describe personality. Competing theories are presented for each area. Results indicate that although high self-control is associated with a wide range of socially desirable traits, choice of partners 1) depends on the type of situation in which the interaction will occur, 2) depends on the similarity between the respondent and the partner, 3) does not depend on a stereotype match, and 4) does not depend or depends only to a small degree on the partner's high self-control. The perception of individuals with high self-control is thus variable and situationally contingent, and more than a single theory is needed to explain it.