bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Y aquí pasó algo? La banalidad de los lugares de muerte de la represión franquista
Authors: Casado-Neira David
Published: October 2020

Durante la represión franquista muchos lugares pasarán a ser escenario de muertes. Algunos de estos han sido excavados en los últimos años con el objetivo de poder localizar e identificar restos de las víctimas, con mayor o menor intensidad, con mayor o menor fortuna. Las técnicas forenses (desde la arqueología hasta la medicina) han dado certeza, pero la localización exacta de los lugares de muerte no está siempre garantizada. En Galicia se cuenta con una densa topografía de muerte en un territorio de extensa urbanización e intenso uso, lo que conlleva a una convivencia y uso diario con los lugares. Una visita a estos lugares nos releva su carácter anodino, desconocido y ordinario. Estos paisajes de muerte testimonian entre la memoria y la desmemoria, la desaparición y otras formas de represión. Se propone la necesidad de mantener una memoria en tensión sobre la banalidad de los lugares.
“Me llaman el desaparecido”. coexistencia y continuidad entre la desaparición forzada y la desaparición social
Authors: Peris Blanes Jaume
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo analizo una de las formas del desborde contemporáneo de la categoría de “desaparición”, por la cual ésta pasa a designar formas de invisibilidad, exclusión y violencia muy diferentes a la que definía su marco originario. En particular, me detengo en el trazado de una relación de continuidad entre las formas de la desaparición forzada originaria –ejemplificada en el caso emblemático de la dictadura militar chilena– y las formas de “desaparición social” en las democracias liberales contemporáneas. A partir de la puesta en relación de conceptos políticos como campo, doctrina del shock o excepción, y del análisis de algunos productos culturales, exploramos la posibilidad de hablar de una desterritorialización del campo de concentración en las formas contemporáneas de la desaparición y planteamos la pregunta clave de si, en sus condiciones de exclusión radical, es posible algún modo de escucha a la palabra de los nuevos desaparecidos sociales.
En búsqueda de los desaparecidos sin causa aparente: tecnología al servicio de una espectropolítica invertida
Authors: Robles Elong Iñaki
Published: October 2020

Este artículo se interroga sobre las formas de búsqueda realizadas por las asociaciones de afectados por la desaparición sin causa aparente. La desaparición sin causa aparente es un caso novedoso y singular en España que se diferencia de otros casos de desaparición por su contexto liberal y democrático. Partiendo desde enfoques teóricos que toman la espectralidad como metáfora para reflexionar sobre la vulnerabilidad, se propone aquí el concepto de espectropolítica invertida para comprender estas formas de búsqueda. Política que se nutre de dispositivos para gestionar la búsqueda de personas desaparecidas cuyo objetivo es hacerlas aparecer. A través de un trabajo cualitativo (entrevistas y trabajo etnográfico con asociaciones de desaparecidos sin causa aparente en España, así como del uso de la App “Desaparecidos”), se muestra cómo las formas de búsqueda desarrolladas entrañan una innovación tecnológica que constituye una red cada vez más extensa de agentes que actúan como buscadores.
Os desafios da regionalização em saúde no Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Shimizu Helena Eri , Ramos Maíra Catharina , Carvalho André Luís Bonifácio de
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos gestores sobre o processo de regionalização em saúde no Estado do Tocantins, bem como as suas fragilidades e potencialidades. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de saúde que integram os Colegiados Intergestores Regionais das oito regiões de saúde do Estado de Tocantins. As entrevistas foram analisadas no software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) (versão 0.7 alpha 2). Das análises emergiram dois eixos temáticos: A primeira delas foi denominada: Desafios da provisão da atenção, que se subdivide nas classes: provisão da atenção e regulação. O segundo eixo foi denominado: Regionalização em saúde, sendo subdividida em duas classes: desafios e avanços no processo da regionalização e a organização e o papel dos Colegiados Intergestores Regionais. Há avanços, sobretudo possibilitados pelo compartilhamento das decisões no âmbito desses colegiados, contudo existem dificuldades para a garantia da universalidade e integralidade no acesso, principalmente devido à carência de recursos humanos, especialmente médicos especializados, e serviços de média e alta complexidade.
O serviço nacional de saúde português: caracterização, classificação e perspectivas
Authors: Nunes Alexandre Morais
Published: October 2020

O sistema de saúde português é reconhecido internacionalmente pelo seu Serviço Nacional de Saúde, universal, geral e tendencialmente gratuito para todos os cidadãos. Como qualquer sistema de saúde, o português envolve, no seu governo, aspectos políticos, econômicos e de prestação de cuidados, desde o ingresso do paciente, à prevenção, ao diagnóstico e até ao tratamento e à reabilitação. O funcionamento do Serviço Nacional de Saúde português depende de um orçamento, da estratégia politica, dos modelos de gestão e de toda a gama de serviços disponíveis, desde a atenção primária, aos cuidados hospitalares e aos cuidados continuados de reabilitação. A organização de todo o sistema é um desafio para os gestores, conta com o seu melhor gerenciamento, exige profissionais dedicados e qualificados e necessita de um contínuo investimento em tecnologia, nos sistemas de informação e na inovação terapêutica. Neste artigo, pretende-se caracterizar o Serviço Nacional de Saúde português, demonstrar seu funcionamento, apresentar seus principais pontos críticos e as estratégias que estão em curso para alcançar melhores cuidados de saúde e resultados de gestão.
Editorial
Authors: Skorupski Jacek
Published: October 2020

Preparation of the 129th volume of our journal fell on a challenging period – the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Far-reaching restrictions have been imposed on many sectors of the economy. Limitations on mobility have also been introduced. They had a significant impact on the functioning of the global transportation system. Individual branches were affected to a varying degree, probably air transport suffered the most, as the traffic was practically suspended for many weeks. The assessment of the pandemic's real impact on the elements of transportation systems, the development of remedies allowing for their functioning in the new reality, as well as forecasting scenarios for the situation's development – will soon constitute an important area of scientific research. We hope that many of the results of this research will be published in the WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering. The restrictions related to COVID-19 have also affected universities and other research institutions. Nevertheless, the editors of WUT Journal of Transportation Engineer-ing consistently carry out activities aimed at increasing the attractiveness and recognition of the journal. We have developed and implemented a new graphic design for both the cover and individual articles. We have created the journal's pages on social media - on LinkedIn and Facebook. With their help, we will promote the journal among people interested in transportation – researchers, practitioners and students. We encourage you to use these pages. The current volume contains eight articles. Papers related to road transport discuss safety at pedestrian crossings, the possibility of using autonomous vehicles by drivers with motor dysfunctions and risk management of oversize cargo transport. Papers on rail transport discuss the issues of traffic control systems certification in the case of new investment tasks, optimization of railway transition curves shape, as well as the requirements for products used in railway surfaces. The topics of papers on air transport include a review of research methods to assess the level of passenger service at an airport and analysis of access control management to restricted areas and its impact on the airport security system. The papers included in volume 129 are available in a digital format on our website: https://pnpw-transport.publisherspanel.com.
Trade in Services in the European Union
Authors: Kersan Skabic Ines
Published: October 2020

Services dominate in creation of value added in national economies, especially in developed countries and they have growing trend in developing (emerging) economies. They cover four modes of trade (according to GATS), that makes their calculation complex and a part of services is hidden in the value of production/trade of manufactured goods. Their importance in foreign trade, despite the increasing trend, is still three times smaller that the value of trade in goods, but also it is under-valuated. This paper explains specific characteristics of services foreign trade, provides analysis of structure of services trade but also pointed the limitation of wider trade expansion (i.e. liberalization of trade). The analysis employ statistical tools and secondary data and covers the EU member states. The EU is very important player in the global arena and it is net exporter of services, where richer member states are oriented to the other business sector while the Central, East and South members are focused to travel. The EU members mainly traded between them selves. Services trade faced higher barriers in cross-border trade. OECD measures these restriction by Services Trade Restrictiveness Index. EU common market provides better condition for the intra- EEA trade in services even the protection differs between countries and it is more liberal for computer and telecom sectors while in accounting services and legal services the protection is high due to national legislations.
Factors Contributing to the Development of E-Commerce by the Degree of use in Latvia
Authors: Jekabsone Inga , Gudele Ina
Published: October 2020

Several studies have recognized that e-commerce can have a positive impact on any type of business, making enterprises work faster, more efficient and more economical. Taking into account different degrees of e-commerce use, it is important to analyse the factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce in respective enterprises, so decision-makers can develop the strategy accordingly.

Purpose of the study is to analyse the factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce in Latvia by the degree of use of e-commerce.

The tasks of the study:

1) to review theoretical background of factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce depending on the degree of use of e-commerce in the enterprise;

2) to review existing research of factors contribution to the development of the e-commerce in EU;

3) to analyse the results of conducted survey among Latvian entrepreneurs in context of factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce depending on the degree of use of e-commerce in the respective enterprises.

Research methods used in preparation of the paper: scientific publication and previous conducted research results analysis, analysis of the results of the survey on Latvian entrepreneurs. Survey results are analysed using indicators of descriptive statistics (indicators of central tendency or location - arithmetic mean, mode, median), indicators of variability (indicators of dispersion - range, standard deviation and standard error of mean), analysis of variance - ANOVA are used.

The survey showed that there are significant differences in the assessment of the groups of factors “Social factors” and “Regulatory factors” between entrepreneurs who take full advantage of e-commerce opportunities and those who do not use them at all. In order to promote the use of e-commerce possibilities, different trainings and programmes  are expected to be development to improve the  knowledge, skills and competences of  employers and employees  in the area of e-commerce.
Restrictive Factors for Micro-Company Growth in Latvia
Authors: Beizitere Ilona , Sloka Biruta , Brence Ieva
Published: October 2020

Every country is interested in entrepreneurship development as entrepreneurs form the basis for economic development, so academic researchers are looking for supportive and restrictive factors in business development. In Latvia, the majority of companies are micro and small enterprises. The aim of the paper is to investigate the restrictive factors related to the successful development of the company in Latvia, depending on the number of employees. Tasks of the research - evaluate the limiting factors influencing the development of micro-companies; find the most important factors that limit the involvement of employees and experienced managers in companies in the country, regions; compare the impact on companies by number of employees. Applied research methods: scientific publications and previous research analysis; survey of companies related of different aspects of business development; deeper analysis on factors limiting entrepreneurship development. The general population consists of all active companies registered in the Register of Enterprises of the Republic of Latvia in strategically important sectors. A questionnaire of our survey was developed for companies selected at random and the replies of 2511 companies, of which 1879 were micro-enterprises, were considered valid. The technical fieldwork of the survey was conducted by the Marketing and Public Opinion Research Center (SKDS) (interviewers conducted as CAWI - computerized web interviews). Data analysis was performed by SPSS, the main indicators of descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of survey data: indicators of central tendency or location - arithmetic mean, mode, median; indicators of variability - standard deviation, standard error of mean, range; cross-tabulations by regions and by number of employees, analysis of variance - ANOVA and factor analysis with varimax rotation. The results point to the main restrictions on business growth: increase of expenses on labour or production and unavailability of qualified employees or experienced managers.
Enhancement of Retail Consumer Loyalty in Latvia by Means of Social Media Communication
Authors: Linina Iveta , Vevere Velga
Published: October 2020

Social media communication has become an important tool both in relying information to potential consumers, as well as in creating experience sharing opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of’ social media communication on the loyalty formation in retailing. The tasks to be carried out are: (1) to research theoretical framework of social media communication and loyalty; (2) to work out methodology for empirical research; (3) to carry out research on consumers’ perception of retail stores online communication. Within the framework of the current study the authors employed a method of customer survey. Applying the non-probability snowball sampling method the questionnaire was distributed via e-mails and Facebook groups (n=327). The general population in this research  consisted of the economically active Latvia residents in 2020. The authors used 5-point Likert scale (1-low evaluation, 5 – very high evaluation). The SPSS program was used for this purpose, the following indicators were calculated: arithmetic mean (X ̅), Median (Me); Mode (Mo); Variation; Standard Deviation; Variation Coefficient. The research question posed in the article was the following: What role does social media play in enhancing consumer loyalty in retailing?

Findings: 87% of all respondents have noticed the communication of Latvian retail store networks on social media and 60% of all respondents have chosen to follow the profile of social networks to one of them, which indicates the untapped opportunities of companies in this respect. Evaluating the communication of Latvian retail store chains, the arithmetic average is 2.68, but for communication on social media - 2.72.  It means that in order to increase these indicators, Latvian retail store chains must develop a communication strategy taking into account both the values of the target audience and the basic principles of building relationships with customers. The current research results can serve as grounds for the strategy development.
COVID-19 als Stresstest für das Gesundheitssystem: Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Situation in Dänemark und Deutschland
Authors: Berger Elke , Reichebner Christoph , Eriksen Astrid , Kretzler Matthias , Offermanns Matthias , Heber Robin , Krause Clemens , Busse Reinhard
Published: October 2020

Die COVID-19-Pandemie kommt für europäische Länder einem Stresstest des Gesundheitssystems gleich. Der Beitrag widmet sich einem Vergleich Deutschlands und Dänemarks. Aufgezeigt werden Ausgangsbedingungen, gesellschaftliche Maßnahmen und die Be- oder Überlastungen des jeweiligen Gesundheitssystems. Dargelegt wird, warum die Pandemie kein Argument gegen eine notwendige Reform der deutschen Krankenhauslandschaft darstellt.
Unter dem Corona-Brennglas: Erste Lehren aus der Pandemie
Authors: Klemm Anne-Kathrin , Knieps Franz
Published: October 2020

„Wir werden in der Corona-Krise einander viel verzeihen müssen“, so Bundesgesundheitsminister Jens Spahn im April 2020. Sehr vorausschauende Worte zu Zeiten, als ad hoc sowohl gesetzlich als auch administrativ auf die Pandemie schnell und unter den Bedingungen von Unsicherheit reagiert werden musste. Rückblickend gibt es Einiges, was überraschend unkompliziert und treffsicher organisiert wurde. Die heutigen Erkenntnisse, eröffnen Chancen, die Defizite strukturiert anzugehen sowie Gelungenes dauerhaft in das Versorgungssystem zu integrieren.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen: Preise und Funktionen im Vergleich
Authors: Greß Stefan , Jesberger Christian , Schnee Melanie
Published: October 2020

Mit diesem Beitrag geben wir einen Überblick über Funktionen, Anwendungsgebiete und Marktpreise digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen kurz nach Inkrafttreten des Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes. Haben Anbieter digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen zur Verbesserung ihrer Verhandlungsposition noch schnell die Marktpreise ihrer Apps erhöht? Wie hoch ist der Anteil kostenfrei angebotener Anwendungen und wie ist deren Funktionsumfang zu beurteilen? Welche Rolle spielen Selektivverträge einzelner Krankenkassen?
Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz in der Bewährung
Authors: Eifert Martin , von Landenberg-Roberg Michael , Theß Sebastian , Wienfort Nora
Published: October 2020

Der Band enthält eine juristische und empirische Bestandsaufnahme des Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz (NetzDG) zwei Jahre nach seinem Inkrafttreten und zeigt Optimierungspotenziale auf. Die Evaluation wurde im Auftrag des BMJV durchgeführt. Das NetzDG steht auf grundsätzlicher Ebene für einen weitreichenden Wechsel bei der staatlichen Regulierung sozialer Medien, der auch die europäische und internationale Entwicklung stark beeinflusst. Es war von Beginn an starker Kritik ausgesetzt. Die Untersuchung zeigt auf Grundlage umfassender Auswertungen von Fragebögen, Literatur und Rechtsprechung, dass das Gesetz einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Bekämpfung von Hassrede leistet, aber auch fortentwickelt werden sollte. Verschiedene Optimierungspotentiale werden aufgezeigt.
Femto Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Bonnet Clemence , Al-Hashimi Saba , P. Brézin Antoine , Monnet Dominique
Published: October 2020

Cataract is a leading cause of blindness in the world, and cataract extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgeries. Preferred surgical techniques have changed over the past decades with associated improvements in outcomes and safety. Phacoemulsification is a highly successful technique first introduced over 40 years ago. It is the current method of cataract surgery, with a very low reported rate of major complications and a frequency of overall intraoperative complications of less than 2%. Application of the femtosecond laser evolved to now assist in cataract surgery and has been termed FLACS (femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery) and occurs in three steps: corneal incisions (including optional limbal relaxing incisions to reduce astigmatism), anterior capsulotomy, and lens fragmentation. The remaining surgical steps still require the surgeon’s hands. The FLACS technique may have some advantages compared with conventional phacoemulsification. It remains however unclear whether FLACS is globally more efficient and safer than conventional surgery. The popularity of FLACS may also be limited by its higher cost compared with conventional surgery. The potential advantages of laser-assisted surgery are yet to be determined as FLACS technology is relatively new and in continuous evolution. This chapter reports scientific data as well as our own experience with this new technology. All the platforms currently available are described.
Venous Thromboembolism in the Context of Reproduction: The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Recommendations
Authors: O. Amarin Zouhair , A. Alfaqih Mahmoud
Published: October 2020

Venous thromboembolism complicates 1–2 of every 1000 deliveries. It may manifest as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism is an important major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Prophylaxis and therapy in pregnancy are complicated by the need to take both fetal and maternal well-being into consideration. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or the puerperium are multiple. They include, but are not limited to, thrombophilia, multiparity, orthopedic injuries, medical comorbidities, prior venous thromboembolism, smoking, gross varicose veins, age, if older than 35, obesity, multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, cesarean section, prolonged labor, instrumental vaginal delivery, stillbirth, preterm birth, postpartum hemorrhage, hyperemesis gravidarum, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, immobility, long periods of hospitalization, and long haul travel. This chapter is a clinical guide that covers prophylaxis and therapy of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism, based on evidence-based research and consensus opinion.
E-learning: The Scenario During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Buch Archana Chirag , Rathod Hetal , Kamble Raj
Published: October 2020

Background: E-learning is essential in health science education, and the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated its utility. Objectives: The study aimed to observe the changes in the scenario of e-learning in Indian Medical Education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 905 undergraduate health science students who agreed with an online survey. A questionnaire was prepared, including sociodemographic details, utilization of commercially available e-learning programs before the pandemic, and the scenario of teaching-learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was validated and circulated among medical students of various states across India through social media. Qualitative data were presented as numbers and percentages and quantitative data as mean (SD). Results: Of the 905 students surveyed, 69.17% (n = 626) were female students and 30.83% (n = 279) were male students. Besides, 85% (n = 395) of the students found commercial programs useful in clarifying concepts. Institutional e-learning was mandatory for 71.16% (n = 644) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 644 students for whom e-learning was mandatory, 69.10% (n = 445) found tools like videoconferencing, Google classroom, zoom meetings, etc. useful in flexibility and autonomy. However, 50.47% (n = 325) of the students preferred a combined method of classroom teaching and e-learning, whereas only 9.93% (n = 64) of students preferred only e-learning as a method of teaching. They were satisfied with institutional programs for clarifying concepts (n = 386; 60%) and communication skills (n = 320; 50%). Conclusions: The utility of e-learning has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, students preferred e-learning in combination with traditional teaching, especially in health science courses.
Kamu Diplomasisinde Dijital Dönüşüm: Büyükelçilerin Twitter Üzerinden Gerçekleştirdikleri Dijital Diplomasi Faaliyetlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: İris Mesut , AKDEMİR Tansu
Published: October 2020

İletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi, kişilerarası ilişkileri etkilediği gibi devletler ve toplumlar ile olan ilişkileri de yeniden düzenlemektedir. Devletler sadece ilgili devletler ile diplomatik faaliyetler içerisinde bulunmamış, aynı zamanda etki alanı inşaa ettiği her alanda toplumları ikna etme ve stratejik hedefleri doğrultusunda bakış açısı üretme çabasına girmiştir. Kamu diplomasisi olarak da adlandırılan kamuoyuna yönelik faaliyetler iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimiyle birlikte yeni mecralarda farklı kurallar ile devam etmektedir. Günümüz dijitalleşen dünyasında devletler ve devletlerin tüm bürokrasisi dijitalleşmeye ayak uydurarak kendi toplumuna anlık olarak ulaşabilir ve geri bildirim alabilirken, farklı toplumlara da ulaşabilmekte ve anlık olarak stratejik politikalar üretip sonuç alabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kamu diplomasisin bir dalı olarak dijital diplomasinin Türkiye özelinde kullanımı incelenmiştir. Çalışma ile Türkiye’nin gerçekleştirdiği askeri operasyonların uluslararası ortamda yankılarının ve diğer toplumlar nezdinde kamuoyuna yönelik gerçekleştirilen dijital diplomasi faaliyetlerinin görülebilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Barış Pınarı Harekâtı sırasında büyükelçilerin Harekâtı n uluslararası camiadaki haklılığı ve gerekliliğine ilişkin yürüttükleri dijital ve kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri seçilen sosyal medya örneklemi üzerinden incelenecek, dijital çağa ne kadar uyum sağlandığı ve dijital temelli iletişim kanallarından ne kadar yararlanıldığı da görülecektir.
Siyasal Zehirlenme, Semptomları ve Sosyal Medya
Authors: Işıklı Şevki , Önce Şirvan
Published: October 2020

Bu metinde, John Naisbitt’in yüksek teknoloji toplumlarındaki teknolojik olarak zehirlenmiş bölgeleri tanımlamak için geliştirdiği teknolojik zehirlenme nosyonundan hareketle siyasal zehirlenme nosyonu geliştirilmiştir. Siyasal zehirlenme, tüm toplumsal süreçleri etkisi altına alan ve semptomları önceden tespit ve teşhis edilebilen bir toplumsal anomali durumudur; apolitik süreçleri bile aşırı, yoğun ve hızlı biçimde siyasallaştırır. Bu metinde tanımlanan siyasal zehirlenme ve semptomları, bürokrasi başta olmak üzere medya, iletişim ve dinde kolayca tespit edilebilir. Çünkü bu kurumlar tarihsel geçmişleri yüzünden aşırı siyasallaşmaya daha açıktır. Semptomların tümünü sergileyen bir toplum, virüsle enfekte olmuş, virüs bulaşmış ve enfekte olmuş bir bünye gibidir; paralize olmuş halde kendinden beklenen işlevlerini yerine getiremez. Tümüyle gözlenebilir olan bu altı semptom, kişisel ve apolitik olanın siyasallaşma seviyesini ve siyasal zehirlenme yoğunluğunu da tanımlarlar. Üstelik aşırı siyasallaşmanın sosyal medya ve toplumsal ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisini, teknolojik bağlamda görünür kılar. Yatay mimarisi ve etkileşimlilik karakterleriyle ana akım medyadan farklılaşmış olsa da sosyal medya, siyasal zehirlenmeye karşı bağışık değildir. Kullanıcılarını zehirleyen yüksek sanallık teknolojileri gibi güçlü, yaygın ve popüler siyasal etki de kitle iletişim kanalları ve sosyal medya aracılığıyla kişi ve kurumları zehirlemektedir. Siyasal zehirlenme, internet tabanlı iletişim teknolojileriyle yalnızca yayılmaz, aynı zamanda medyanın kendisini de zehirler. Teknoloji ile siyaset arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan bu araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, siyasal zehirlenmenin yaygın internet ağları ve teknolojik zehirlenmeye paralel işleyen bir süreç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu yüzden siyasal zehirlenme nosyonu, yeni türden sosyoteknik ve dijital olgular listesine dahil edilebilir.
Microscopic Characteristics of Late Intraocular Lens Opacifications
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Yildirim Timur Mert , Khoramnia Ramin
Published: October 2020

Context.—

The increases in overall life expectancy and in lens surgeries performed on younger patients have resulted in a significant increase in the anticipated duration of artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the eye. Thus, the physicochemical properties of the IOL become a critical issue, and several types of postoperative IOL opacifications have been reported.

Objective.—

To describe the microscopic characteristics of opacified IOLs. Glistenings and subsurface nanoglistenings are fluid-related phenomena developing mainly in hydrophobic acrylic IOLs and are associated with aqueous influx into the IOL matrix. Calcification presents in hydrophilic acrylic or silicone IOLs as deposits of hydroxyapatite or other phases of calcium. Snowflake degeneration is less common, and it manifests in older polymethyl methacrylate IOLs.

Data Sources.—

PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for the following keywords: intraocular lens, IOL, cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, opacification, glistening, subsurface nanoglistenings, calcification, snowflake degeneration. English-language articles published up to October 15, 2019 were included in the study. The manuscript contains mainly a literature review; however, it was supplemented with original investigations from the David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology.

Conclusions.—

Glistenings and subsurface nanoglistenings should be evaluated in a hydrated state and at room temperature; they manifest as microvacuoles sized from 1.0 to greater than 25.0 μm and less than 200 nm, respectively. Calcification deposits are situated on or underneath the surface of the IOL and can be stained with a 1% alizarin red solution or with the von Kossa method. Snowflake degeneration manifests as “particles” or “crystals,” causing whitish IOL discoloration. Scanning electron microscopy or energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy may improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Uncommon Cervical Lesions: A Review and Discussion of the Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Griesinger Laurie M. , Szczepanski Julianne M. , McMullen Emily R. , Skala Stephanie L.
Published: October 2020

Context.—

While the vast majority of cervical tumors consist of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, a subset of rare tumor types, frequently unrelated to HPV, does occur in this location. These tumors vary widely in prognostic and therapeutic implications, and accurate recognition is crucial to providing appropriate treatment. Some are benign or portend a favorable prognosis (adenoid basal carcinoma, ectopic prostate tissue), while others are frankly malignant lesions with a less favorable prognosis (adenoid cystic carcinoma, HPV-negative endocervical adenocarcinoma, mesonephric adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma).

Objective.—

To review the morphologic features of uncommon cervical lesions, the utility of immunohistochemistry for distinction between these entities, and the clinical and prognostic implications of accurate diagnosis.

Data Sources.—

University of Michigan cases and review of the pertinent literature regarding the entities described.

Conclusions.—

Key morphologic and immunohistochemical features detailed herein will allow for the accurate distinction between these uncommon cervical lesions. Morphology is most useful in discriminating between the entities, as there is frequent immunohistochemical overlap between them; however, in rare instances immunohistochemistry can be useful in resolving the diagnosis.
El Teatro social como herramienta de intervención socioeducativa.
Authors: Caravaca Llamas Carmen , PEDREGAL NOVAS LUNA DEL ALBA
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación de carácter teórico está basada en la búsqueda, recolección y análisis objetivo de la información. Tiene como objetivo principal la descripción del Teatro social y en concreto, del Teatro del Oprimido y la Oprimida en sus diferentes modalidades, técnicas, evolución y características con el fin de establecer un nexo de unión práctico basado en su uso como herramienta profesionalizada e innovadora en las intervenciones socioeducativas desarrolladas desde el ámbito social. El Teatro del Oprimido y la Oprimida poseen una serie de principios éticos acordes con los pertenecientes a la intervención social, así como de una finalidad concreta que persigue la transformación, el cambio y el bienestar social. Las características esenciales de este tipo de teatro representan un potencial socioeducativo por la transmisión de conocimientos, alejado del método convencional del teatro tradicional, pues promueve la participación activa de todas las personas asistentes como forma de desarrollo personal y comunitario mediante el análisis crítico de la realidad.
Kiasu
Authors: Jensen Kim Ebensgaard
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a study of grammatical usage patterns of the word kiasu in the GloWbE corpus of World Englishes. Kiasu has been borrowed from Hokkien into Singaporean and Malaysian English as a linguistic ‘glocalization’ process enabling speakers to verbalize an important local cultural schema. A grammatical profile is set up that draws on the techniques from linguistic profiling. This study identifies a range of patterns that illustrate how the interaction between grammar and lexis amount to specific semantic construals of the underlying cultural schema of the word.
Fra én leksikalsk størrelse til mange forskellige paradigmer
Authors: Jeppesen Kragh Kirsten , Schøsler Lene
Published: October 2020

We take as starting point that when lexical entities grammaticalize, they enter preexisting or new paradigms. Therefore, grammatical paradigms are important for the understanding of the reanalyses leading to grammaticalization. The lexical input that we will use to illustrate our point is the French verb voir ‘to see’, in order to show the pathway of multifunctional lexical item into grammar, i.e. into a number of individual paradigms. Our approach combines synchronic and diachronic investigations on electronic corpora. Each paradigm is based on synchronic paradigmatic analyses of functions that seem to be very ambiguous and diverse. We are convinced that paradigms provide a precise and relatively simple presentation of what otherwise would seem utterly diverse usages of a lexical entity.
Frekvens og modalverbumparadigmets semantiske udvikling fra ældre nydansk til moderne dansk
Authors: Westergaard Lennart
Published: October 2020

In this paper, I analyze the development of the modal verb paradigm from Early Modern Danish to Modern Danish. The Early Modern Danish system is highly polysemous and far from isomorphic in the sense of a harmonious semantic system with one meaning corresponding to one form and vice versa. In comparison to this, the modern system has reduced polysemy through semantic specialization of central modal verbs. The paradigmatic development of the modal verbs from Early Modern Danish to Modern Danish can be understood as a levelling process, consisting of a series of interrelated push chains. This development is conditioned by the frequency of the other modal verbs. It is paradigmatically conditioned in the sense that the diachronic changes undergone by the individual modal verbs are interrelated. Since the development is explained as a frequency effect, the explanation is in line with usage-based approaches.
A world class academy in professional football:
Authors: Larsen Carsten Hvid , Storm Louise Kamuk , Sæther Stig Arve , Pyrdol Nicklas , Henriksen Kristoffer
Published: October 2020

The holistic ecological approach puts an emphasis on the environment in which prospective elite athletes develop. Applying the holistic ecological approach, this article examines talent development among male under-19 football players at Ajax Amsterdam which has a history of successfully developing several of its juniors to top-level international players. Principal methods of data collection include interviews, participant observations of daily life in the environment, and analysis of documents. The environment was centred around the relationship between players and a clubhouse community consisting of a team of coaches, teachers, experts, and managers that helped the players to focus on: Handling dual careers (sport and school), developing mental toughness, social skills and work ethic. Furthermore, the environment was characterised by a strong, open, and cohesive organisational culture based on each player as an investment, social responsibility and individual development before winning matches. We argue that the holistic ecological approach holds the potential to inspire coaches and practitioners to be sensitive to and analyse not only the individual player’s athletic development but also the overall strategies and organisational settings, in the talent development environment.
Użytkownik Nazwa użytkownika	Hasło	Zapamiętaj mnie Język / Language Wybierz język Polish Zawartość czasopisma Wyszukaj ##plugins.block.navigation.searchScope## Wszystkie Przeglądaj wg numeru wg autora wg tytułu Inne czasopisma Wielkość tekstu Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger Narzędzia tekstowe Wydrukuj tekst Indeksowane metadane Jak cytować publikację Wyślij tekst przez e-mail (Logowanie jest wymagane) E-mail do autora (Logowanie jest wymagane) O autorze Marcin Palenik Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego Informacje dla autorów OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS Start O czasopiśmie Zaloguj Wyszukaj Aktualny numer Archiwum Aktualności Start > No 28 (2017) > Palenik Zjawisko ujemnej stopy dyskontowej w oparciu o behawioralną hipotezę cyklu życia Shefrina i Thalera
Authors: Palenik Marcin
Published: October 2020

Zjawisko ujemnej stopy dyskontowej, a więc preferencji odroczenia w czasie korzystnych zdarzeń, jest zjawiskiem rzadkim, jak również mało zbadanym. Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na okolicznościach mogących istotnie zwiększyć częstotliwość występowania ujemnej stopy dyskontowej. Wyprowadzono w nim, a następnie zweryfikowano empirycznie hipotezy badawcze wynikające z teorii Behavioral Life-Cycle Hypothesis (BLCH) autorstwa Shefrina i Thalera. Zgodnie z dwiema pierwszymi hipotezami, wysoki poziom aktualnego majątku oraz wysoki poziom dochodów są czynnikami sprzyjającymi występowaniu preferencji odroczenia dodatkowych środków pieniężnych. Dwie kolejne hipotezy odnosiły się do przyszłych dochodów. Jak pokazały badania, oczekiwany spadek dochodów wpływa na większą skłonność do odraczania dodatkowych środków pieniężnych. Natomiast oczekiwanie w przyszłości niedostatecznych dochodów w stosunku do wydatków, zachęcało badanych do odraczania części dochodów. Należy podkreślić, że nie badano chęci odroczenia konsumpcji, co jest zwykłym zjawiskiem oszczędzania, lecz odroczenia w czasie otrzymania środków pieniężnych. Taka postawa w ekonomii jest zazwyczaj całkowicie wykluczana.
Interpretation and explanation of unconscious processes and phenomena in different spheres of human life as a constructivist standpoint
Authors: Kostrigin Artem Andreevich
Published: October 2020

This article touches upon one of the peculiarities of modern psychology – a shift away from the natural scientific paradigm and transition towards constructivist methodology. Constructivism in psychology is characterized by relativity of truth, prevalence of subjective over objective, conditionality of cognition of characteristics of a subject, activity of an individual in cognition and being, construction of own reality by an individual. The author addresses the problem of studying the unconscious and suggest applying the constructivist paradigm in the research. It is substantiated that constructivism is one of the most effective approaches towards studying the unconscious, as peculiarities of the unconscious comply with the provisions of constructivism: a crucial role on the unsconsious is played by fantasies, affinities and emotional processes; structure of the unconscious is inexact and cannot be reduced to specific elements; the unconscious is flexible and develops in accordance with its own logic. Analysis is conducted on foreign studies on the unconscious that are based on constructivism. The scientific novelty consists in substantiation of application of the constructivist approach in psychology towards examining the unconscious, as well as in carrying out an analytical review of modern foreign research dedicated to the problem of the unconscious, leaning on the provisions of constructivism. The author concludes on the prevalent trends in foreign constructivist psychology of the unconscious: the focus on irrational, non-objectivist theories in explaining the unsconsious; a desire to make psychoanalysis a general psychological theory; acknowledgement of the unsconsious side of mental activity as the leading, as it is capable of more effective information processing; the unsconsious mechanisms of communication and joint activity play a significant role in establishing an in-depth personal dialogue. Psychological practice assigns a leading role to the unconscious; moreover, this aspect becomes central in social and ethnological research. Based on the theoretical overview of foreign studies, the effectiveness of application of constructivism in psychology is underlined.
Religious, ethical and existential categories in the unconscious area of psychic reality of modern Russian youth: an attempt of comparative analysis
Authors: Bogachev Aleksei Mikhailovich , Blinkova Aleksandra Olegovna , Prilutskii Aleksandr Mikhailovich , Shurukht Samuil Markovich , Gaidukov Aleksei Viktorovich
Published: October 2020

This article presents the results of a preliminary multidisciplinary research of the specificities of youth’s response to various descriptors. Using the semiotic, in-depth psychological, theological and mathematical analysis of the collected associative chains, the author compares the responses of youth representatives to religious and ethical terms with colloquial lexemes, as well as determines sensitivity to these terms and proclivity for their logical and sensory-emotional perception. Particularly, method of semantic multiplication allows identifying strong and weak descriptors of semiosis under consideration. The author determines the trends that outline a number of structural and psychodynamic characteristics of psychic reality of modern Russian youth. The following conclusions were made in the course of this research: 1. Sensitivity (and corresponding awareness) to religious descriptors was demonstrated by less than half of the respondents, and a fifth of the entire sample of terms appeared to be unfamiliar to the respondents; 2. The analysis of ethical associative chains at the level of interpretation, indicated the existence of such a phenomenon as “indeterminate religiosity”, which implies a certain spiritual pursuit, which at the moment does not comply with the familiar to a respondent religions traditions; 3. The acquired data, on the one hand, correspond to the classic “Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs”, while on the other hand, spiritual pursuit of respondents and simultaneously scarce character of “existential” associations may testify in favor of the dominance of “ethical-spiritual” paradigm in psychic reality of respondents (which also complies with the Maslow’s research of later period in the area of “existential needs” and “peak experiences”; 4. All of the aforementioned means that the key to interaction with modern youth (including didactical and educational) is the paradigm of ethical values, which can also be connected with a latent spiritual pursuit.
High energy photobiomodulation therapy in the early days of injury improves sciatic nerve regeneration in mice
Authors: Souza Luana Gabriel de , Cardoso Ramon Bauer , Kuriki Heloyse Uliam , Marcolino Alexandre Márcio , Fonseca Marisa de Cássia Registro , Barbosa Rafael Inácio
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Different studies have evaluated the effects of electrophysical agents on regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Among them, the most used in clinical and experimental research is photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Objective: To analyze the effect of standard energy (16.8 J) of PBMT on peripheral nerve regeneration, applied at different periods after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Methods: Thirty male Swiss mice were divided into six groups: naive; sham; control; LLLT-01 (660 nm, 16.8 J of total energy emitted in 1 day); LLLT-04 (660 nm, 4.2 J per day, 16.8 J of total energy emitted in 4 days); LLLT-28, (660 nm, 0.6 J per day, 16.8 J of total energy emitted over 28 days). The animals were evaluated using thermal hyperalgesia, Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), and Static Sciatic Index (SSI). Data were obtained at baseline and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery. Results: For the SFI and SSI, all groups showed significant differences compared to the control group, and the LLLT-04 group presented the best results among those receiving PBMT. In the assessment of thermal hyperalgesia, there was a significant difference in the 14th day of evaluation in the LLLT-04 group. Conclusion: The application of 16.8 J was useful in sciatic nerve regeneration with an improvement of hyperalgesia, with higher efficacy when applied in four days (4.2 J/day).
Barriers to physical activity in women with and without breast cancer
Authors: Gomes Maria Laura Brizio , Pinto Stephanie Santana , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) is important for the entire population, equally for healthy people and survivors of breast cancer. Despite the benefits of PA, there are women who do not attain the recommendation from the World Health Organization (WHO). Objective: To describe and compare the barriers to PA in women with and without breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. The consisted of 230 women with primary breast cancer diagnosed up to one year and 231 women without breast cancer. Both groups were matched by age (±5 years). The participants answered a questionnaire with questions about barriers to PA and sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral characteristics. Results: Women with breast cancer perceived more barriers to PA than those without diagnosis (59.4% versus 40.7%). The barriers most cited by women diagnosed with breast cancer were “feeling discomfort or pain” (59.6%) and “feeling tired” (56.1%). The barriers most mentioned by women without diagnosis were “lack of money” (21.6%) and “lack of company” (19.1%). Conclusion: Women with breast cancer report more barriers than women without the disease. Therefore, it is suggested that they have a lower level of PA in leisure time. The perceived barriers to PA among women with and without breast cancer are similar, but they differ in the physical barriers.