bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wavelet-Multiple Swarm Genetic Algorithm for Cantilever Structure Damage Identification
Authors: Pan Xianwu , Guan Deqing , Kuang Jiaqi
Published: June 2023

A two-stage wavelet-multiple population genetic algorithm identification method is proposed to solve the problem of difficult damage detection of cantilever structures. The strain mode is then transformed into a wavelet using the Matlab toolbox, the structure’s damage location is examined using the wavelet singularity principle, and the displacement mode and frequency are then used to determine the degree of damage using a multiple population genetic algorithm (MPGA). When no damage information about the structure is available, this method can determine the damage’s location and extent. For example, numerical simulations and tests on a cantilevered beam demonstrate this method’s effectiveness.
Displacement Measurement of Urban Ramp Bridge Model Using Monocular High-Speed Camera
Authors: Jia Zhenkai , Liu Xianglei , Wang Runjie
Published: June 2023

Urban ramp bridge plays an important role in unblocking urban traffic and improving urban road network structure. Aiming at the limitations of traditional contact sensors in global measurement, this paper adopts non-contact, high frame rate, high-precision monocular high-speed video measurement technology to measure the dynamic response of the ramp bridge model loaded on the shaking table. The feasibility of video measurement in structure measurement is verified by comparing with the results of wire displacement meter, and the overall measurement accuracy is better than 0.1mm. The seismic effects of two different isolation bearings are compared and analyzed, and the test shows that the plate rubber bearing has a better damping effect.
Construction Technology of Mixed Support for Starting Section of Concrete Box Arch
Authors: Zeng Bin , Guo Jiping , Guo Fanbo
Published: June 2023

In the construction of the starting section of a concrete arch bridge spanning ravines or deep water, technical problems such as the inability to adopt full-stent construction, resulting in low construction efficiency. In response to this problem, this paper relies on the Shatuo Bridge in the deep-water area near cliff and proposes the use of a steel pipe support and a hybrid bracing technology to construct the starting section of the arch bridge, that is, using a steel pipe bracket near the arch foot. Cast-in-situ construction and horizontal force components are provided by diagonal cables and steel beams are embedded in the arch seats to balance the horizontal loads on the supports. The rest of the beam sections that cannot be erected with steel pipe supports are constructed by using inclined anchors. The practice shows that this technology successfully overcomes the limitation of the construction work space, and achieves the purpose of reducing costs and shortening the construction period. And the method can provide reference for the construction design of similar structures.
Plant stress prediction model on nutrient film technique hydroponic in a natural greenhouse
Authors: Setiawati DA , Sutiarso L , Ngadisih  , Murtiningrum
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to identify plant stress on the NFT hydroponic module in the greenhouse using the mathematical model of the 4th-order polynomial regression equation. The artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach was also conducted to analyze factors affecting plant growth and yield. Tatsoi plants (Brassica rapa subsp. Narinosa) were grown in the NFT hydroponic module with three treatments of irrigation time, i.e., 6 hours (A6), 12 hours (A12), and 24 hours (A24). Measured parameters include microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity) and plant morphology (leaf canopy area, root length, leaf number, and plant weight). The value of the resulting model’s coefficient of determination (R2) for A6, A12, and A24 were 0.9986, 0.994, and 0.9988, respectively. The results of the validation test also show that the prediction data built from the model is very close to the actual data of tatsoi plant’s leaf canopy area. Based on the ANN approach, the MAPE value (0.240) and error (0.00116) A6 treatment were the smallest, whereas the largest R2 value (0.979) was also obtained in this treatment. Furthermore, analysis of the plant weight showed that changes in the leaf canopy area due to water stress ultimately affect plant yield.
Identification of tomato ripeness levels (Lycopersicum esculentum Miil) using android-based digital image processing
Authors: Ifmalinda  , Andasuryani  , Rasinta I.
Published: June 2023

The process of identifying tomato ripeness is generally done based on human perception, which is subjective and takes a long time. Color is one indicator of the tomato ripeness level. The color of tomato skin is an important indicator in determining the level of ripeness [1]. The development of image processing methods allows the identification of tomato ripeness levels more accurately, precisely and quickly. Digital image processing refers to processing two-dimensional images using a computer and using digital image processing techniques to obtain information that can be processed by a computer and the results are more precise, fast and automatic. One of the reasons for using Android-based applications as a platform is because it is easily accessible anywhere. Based on the results of the research, the identification of the ripeness level of tomatoes using image processing methods with the C# programming language with Unity 3D software can be implemented to determine the ripeness level of tomatoes. The validation of the chromameter and digital image obtained the coefficient of determination La*b*, respectively 0.9979, 0.9999, 0.9978 and the correlation value of La*b* is 0.998, 0.999 and 0.998. The designed application can be implemented with RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) values at L a*b* of 0.171, 0.530, 0.537.
Estimation of vegetable leather shelf life from a combination of beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) with various types of packaging using the ASLT (accelerated shelf life testing) method of the arrhenius model
Authors: Brilian C A , Astuti S , Sartika D , Suharyono  , Hidayati S
Published: June 2023

Beluntas leaves vegetable leather is a new processed product, so its shelf life is currently unknown. This research utilised the ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Test) Arrhenius model to assess the shelf life of vegetable leather in three different forms of packaging, including aluminum foil, combination (aluminum foil-polyethylene), and polypropylene. The research includes two replications and a descriptive design. Three different types of packing were used to store vegetable leather for a month at oven temperatures of 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C (28 days). Every week, on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, observations were made about the moisture content and sensory factors (texture, color, and aroma). The shelf life of vegetable leather was calculated using the parameter data using the Arrhenius model ASLT method with Microsoft Excel 2010. The results indicated that vegetable leather beluntas leaves packaged in aluminum foil had a shelf life of 179.53 days (5 months, 27 days), while in combination packaging (aluminum foil-polyethylene), they had a shelf life of 44.20 days (1 month, 13 days). In polypropylene packaging, the product had a shelf life of 35.94 days (1 month and four days) according to order 1 of the Arrhenius model ASLT method.
Nanoemulsion concept to improve bioinsecticide using citronella grass distillation waste and Spiked pepper
Authors: Lina E C , Nelly N , Tama D P , Reflin
Published: June 2023

Nanoemulsion of S. pepper could control cabbage pests but optimization is needed for the composition because of low toxicity. The purpose of this research was to optimized composition of S. pepper nanoemulsion using citronella waste that increases stability and reduces the size of particle. The insecticidal activity was tested using the leaves residual method. The experimental design used a completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of five concentration 0.10%, 0.16%, 0.27%, 0.45%, and 0.74% with five replications. The quality of nanoparticles was tested with PSA Zetasizer Nano ZS Malvern tools. The results show formula is classified as a nanoemulsion because it has a size of 104.2 nm. The particle size of this formula is smaller than in previous research using only one S. pepper extract. LC50 this formula is 0.41 and LC95 1,88. Based on the toxicity test formula can control 81,33% C. pavonana in the highest concentration but previous research only can be controlled 40.00 %.
Effect of Drop Height and Impact Surface on Quality of Guava var. Piraweh Ampalu
Authors: Andasuryani  , Ifmalinda  , Susanti Sindi
Published: June 2023

Drop height and impact surface need to be considered during fruit postharvest handling to minimize the loss of quality and quantity. This study investigated the effect of the drop height factors (0 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, and 100 cm) and the surface impact (cartons, plastic crates, steel plate) on guava quality var Piraweh Ampalu during temporary storage. An experimental method was conducted by treatment of drop height and impact surface with three replications. The results showed that the drop height and impact surface affected the guava’s weight loss and bruised area. In addition, the drop height also affected the TSS content. Meanwhile, the pH value of guava was not influenced by the drop height, the impact surface, or their interaction. Furthermore, absorbed impact energy increased along with the increasing drop height. It also correlated with the bruised area. A soft impact surface such as cartons and a drop height lower than 60 cm was recommended to prevent the quick deterioration of guava quality.
The effects of sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) on the physicochemical properties of breadnut seeds (artocarpus camansi)
Authors: Hidayat F , Indarti E , Arahman N , Rahmi
Published: June 2023

Starch can be produced from many plant varieties and through various processing methods. Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) is a plant variety containing seeds that are rich in carbohydrates to produce starch. However, it has not been widely used and converted into useful products because it is still traditionally considered waste. Starch can be produced physically, chemically, and enzymatically. In this study, the starch extraction from breadnut seeds was conducted using a chemical method, namely immersion into sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) at concentrations of 600, 800, and 1000 ppm. Characterization includes starch content, water content, amylose content, crystallinity using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), functional groups using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and morphology using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The results showed the immersion of breadnut seeds into sodium metabisulfite affected the physicochemical properties. The produced starch content ranged from 53.56-54.87%; water content ranged from 5.83-6.66%; amylose content ranged from 27.07-30.80%. Based on the X-ray diffraction pattern, breadnut seed starch belonged to Type B which reached the highest peak at 17° 2θ. The functional group also showed the same FTIR spectrum in the breadnut seeds starch. Meanwhile, the morphological result showed that the starch granules of breadnut seeds ranged from 6.6 μm to 8.1 μm.
Observational study of Lactuca sativa L quality during storage
Authors: Ghazali S N A , Mustaffha S , Shamsi S M , Sulaiman H , Pebrian D E , Zahari M K
Published: June 2023

Leafy vegetables like lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) are prone to deteriorate in a short of time. Therefore, a proper storage is crucial to preserve the freshness of vegetables. Hence, the study is done to determine the effect of different storage temperature on lettuce quality at 5°C and room temperature to see quality changes over time. The changes in the chemical compound and physical appearance of lettuce throughout the storage process is collected. The observation was conducted in 15 days with 3-day intervals. The observational parameters are weight, sucrose level, chlorophyll, leaf colour, wilting, browning, taste, crunchiness and overall visual as the parameter. The result shows that, lettuce stored in refrigerator has longer shelf life and still consumable. At room temperature, the leaf starts to deteriorate after Day-6 while at 5°C, the lettuce quality start to drop after Day-12. Higher temperature will make the colour, wiltingness of the salad and browning are more affected than other variables. It is suggested that the lettuce is kept under lower temperature to extend its shelf life.
Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia hybrid species: potential bioenergy plantation in managing the risk of invasive in Indonesia
Authors: Nirsatmanto A , Sunarti S , Putri A I , Herawan T , Kartikawati N K , Haryjanto L , Lestari F , Rimbawanto A
Published: June 2023

Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis) have favourable properties for bioenergy. However, these species have been indicated as invasive species. Because of great economic value of the species, managing the risk of its invasiveness is necessary. This paper presents an analytical study to examine the uses of E. pellita and Acacia hybrid for bioenergy while preventing its invasive potential. Data for the analysis was collected from two demonstration plots which were laid out in randomized completed block design with three replications of 16-squared tree-plots. The observation includes height, DBH, stand volume, and wood properties which were then converted into the wood biomass and energy potential. The findings indicate that E. pellita and Acacia hybrid could be potential sources of bioenergy. At short rotation of 36 months age, the estimated total energy potential for E. pellita ranged from 11.39 to 16.39 toe.ha-1, while the Acacia hybrid ranged from 23.41 to 35.74 toe.ha-1. Plantation management for bioenergy following considerations in reproductive system, growth, tree morphology, and wood properties could be applied to reduce the risk of invasiveness of the species. Implications to improve breeding strategy for bioenergy while avoiding the risk of invasive are also further discussed.
Performance Test of Solar Power Plant as a Source of Electricity in Mini Greenhouse
Authors: Putri I , Putri R E , Pramana F A
Published: June 2023

The potential of solar energy in an area is very dependent on the position between the sun and the position of the region on the earth’s surface. Greenhouse is house plant with environment plant that can controlled through devices electronics. The power electricity is needed for lights, water pumps, and another electronic component. This study aims to test the performance of solar panels as a source of electricity in a mini greenhouse and to determine how long it takes to charge the battery. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Machinery Production Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University. The result of this result is system mini greenhouse that consist of 2 solar panels type monocrystalline 100 Wp, Solar Charge Controller MPPT type, Inverter, Accu VRLA, cable, switch. Power generation results Sun this produce 2 outputs or output, i.e. tension and strength current. Tension and strong generated current fluctuate. This thing caused no stable intensity the sun at the moment testing field done. From use burden lamp of 20 watts obtained voltage Accu starting 12.87 V. From testing charging Accu who have conducted needed 8 hours for charging with voltage 13V.
The factors that influence operation risk on pineapple production: A case study in Muar, Johor.
Authors: Ghazi N A M , Khairuddin F , Noor W N W M
Published: June 2023

Pineapple is a tropical plant and a warm seasonal fruit that has been cultivated for many years and has started to grow commercially. Pineapple was rapidly growing in southern Johor as the first place in Malaysia. However, there are risks during operation that can affect the quality and quantity of fruit. Uncertainties happen during operations, starting from the planting process until harvesting. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the factors that influence operation risk in pineapple production, determine the most crucial factors and identify the relationship between these factors affecting pineapple production, which have been analysed using descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis in SPSS version 21. A convenience sample of 132 pineapple smallholder farmers in Muar, Johor, was used to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed through face-to-face interviews and phone calls to all respondents. The results revealed that manpower issues were the most important factor influencing operation risk on pineapple production, with a beta value of 0.347, rather than the other three factors. All factors have a linear positive relationship with pineapple production since the p-value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Manpower issues have a positive relationship with pineapple production among other factors with the value of pearson correlation is 0.651.
Application of Vermicompost, Kasgot (BSF Compost), and Vermigot for growth and production of Pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) in Ultisol
Authors: Sebayang N U W , Sabrina T , Rahmawati N , Lubis N
Published: June 2023

Ultisol have low organic matter content, acid pH, very low available nutrients, and high Al, therefore compost application is needed as a source of nutrients for plants in Ultisol. Vermicompost, which is produced from the decomposition of certain organic matter by earthworms. However, there is another decomposer that is producing compost, Black Soldier Fly larvae, it is called Kasgot (BSF compost). The new compost from combination of the two types both of compost is called Vermigot. This study aimed to examine the combination of vermicompost and kasgot from cow dung and banana stems on the growth of pakchoy in Ultisol soil. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor is the type of compost (K): K1 (vermicompost), K2 (kasgot) and K3 (vermigot). The second factor is the dosage (D): D1 (100 g/pot), D2 (200 g/pot), and D3 (300 g/pot). The treatment was repeated two times so that 27 treatments were obtained. The best compost that could be used to increase the growth and production of pakchoy was vermigot compost 200 g/pot, while the type of compost with the best chemical characteristics and nutrient content in Ultisol soil was vermigot at a dose of 300 g/pot.
Metagenomic Profile of Endophytic Bacteria in Acacia mearnsii.
Authors: As Shiddiq MM , Pramudia D , Nefilinda N , Syukriani L , Jamsari J
Published: June 2023

Acacia mearnsii is one of the invasive plants belonging to the Mimosaceae family. The family is known to be able to symbiosis with some endophytic nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. Such ability will significantly contribute to plant growth and development by influencing nutrient uptake and stress tolerance and thus to improve soil conditions for a better and more fertile. Comprehensive identification of bacterial population dynamic in that zone should elucidate symbiosis mechanism that in turn can be used for soil improvement. Metagenomic-based profiling are now commonly used in studying whole total microbial communities in nature. Sampling of the root was collected from A. mearnsii young trees grown in Alahan Panjang at 60 and 120 days after transplanting, sterilized and stored at -80°C in a falcon tube before being subjected to metagenome analysis. The dynamics of growth and diversity of endophytic microbes were checked through amplicon sequence of the 16S rRNA gene in the V3-V4 region using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Data analysis was performed using the QIIME2 application. The metagenomics analysis of endophytic bacteria on root A. mearnsii elucidates that the Proteobacteria is a dominant phyla in A. mearnsii root and analysis at the genera level shows that most of the Proteobacteria is dominated by the Bradyrhizobium which increase significantly during early growth phase.
The effects of different types of biofertilizers on selected peat properties and growth response of pak choy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Yasa N A M , Kassim N Q B , Adam S , Othman N M I
Published: June 2023

Fertilizer is one of the main inputs in agriculture. Moving towards soil sustainability, this study intended to determine the effects of different types of biofertilizer on selected peat soil properties and to evaluate the growth response of Pak Choy planted in the peat soils. In this study, the peat soil was taken at selected area recommended by Pertubuhan Peladang Kawasan (PPK) in Tangkak, Johor, Malaysia. The treatments consist of three (3) different types of biofertilizer specifically Biofertilizer A (T1), Biofertilizer B (T2), Biofertilizer C (T3) and NPK 15:15:15 (T0) as a control with four replications, applied according to the recommended rate specified for each fertilizer. The treatments were arranged using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a greenhouse. The selected soil properties (soil pH, soil moisture content, soil available P, soil exchangeable K, Ca and Mg) was analyse during the initial and after harvesting period whilst the growth response (number of leaves, plant height) of Pak Choy was monitored weekly. Findings showed that there are significant differences in soil pH and soil available P between treatments. The soil pH is significantly improved upon application of biofertilizers, specifically the Biofertilizer B and Biofertilizer C. Additionally, other parameters such as K, Ca and Mg indicates a positive increment upon biofertilizer application as compared to control. As such, it can be concluded that there is a positive effect of different types of biofertilizer application on selected peat soil properties and the growth response of Pak Choy planted in the peat soils.
Surface charge characteristics of Inceptisols ameliorated with biochar from young coconut waste
Authors: Darfis Irwan , Maulana Amsar , Prasetyo Teguh Budi , Lita Arestha Leo , Herviyanti
Published: June 2023

The colloidal surface of the soil contains an electric charge and various surface characteristics. The application of amelioration technology can increase the availability of nutrients and overcome contamination such as pesticides in the soils. This research aimed to study the surface charge characteristics of Inceptisols ameliorated with biochar from young coconut waste (YCW). The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with three replications each. The treatment was carried out in a pot with dose equivalent to biochar YCW: A = 0 (0.0g); B = 10 (2.5g); C = 20 (5.0g); D = 30 (7.5g), and (E) 40 t ha-1 (10g 500g-1 soil). The results showed amelioration technology with biochar from young coconut waste, at the application of 40 t ha-1 on Inceptisols, an increased soil surface charge through changes in chemical characteristics by increasing the pH (H2O), EC, CEC, and SOM. The reduction in transmittance in the H-O-H bending band of water and C=C alkene (aromatic) (from 88.95 to 88,83 %) and minerals (from 50.50 to 50.42 %), increased the adsorption capacity of Inceptisols. The relationship of surface charge with chemical properties of Inceptisols ameliorated with biochar from young coconut waste occurred at a correlation value of ΔpH with pH H2O > pH PZC > CEC > Mineral = SOM > EC > pH KCl.
Comparison of plant growth and yield of rice under double-row and tile transplanting systems
Authors: Yuliawan T , Oue H , Ichwan N , Ukpoju A
Published: June 2023

To increase rice production for meeting community needs and reduce yield loss under the climate change, the Indonesian government has been recommending double-row transplanting systems, which are Jajar Legowo (JL) and Jejer Manten (JM). Some researchers found that those systems could increase the yield of the Indica rice cultivar without scientific investigations, such as differences in micrometeorological conditions under the different planting spaces. This study aimed to compare plant growth, yield, and solar radiation within the canopy in JL and JM with those in a standard tile transplanting system (TL) by planting Japonica rice cv. Nikomaru, from June 18 to October 7 2022. The result showed that the yield was higher in JL and JM than in TL, by 18.2% and 20.4%, respectively. In addition, the number of filled grain was higher in JL and JM than in TL, by 19.0% and 21.0%, respectively. JM and JL had higher leaf area index than TL during the generative stage causing higher photosynthesis in the unit area. Comparing JL and JM, JL had a smaller leaf area index resulting in lower absorption of solar radiation by the leaves. We suggested that JM is the best transplanting system for producing a higher yield.
The Application of endophytic halotolerant bacteria in modulating the development of maize seedlings under salinity
Authors: Handayani D P , Sulastri  , Bidara I S , Himawati S , Saryanah N A , Reninta R
Published: June 2023

Salinity stress has negative effects on plants physiologically as well as lowering productivity. Application of microbial inoculant as seed treatment is one of the bio-techniques that have proved to be efficient in enhancing salinity resilience in agriculture, especially for seedling development. This study aims to determine the effect of inoculation of halotolerant bacteria consortium on the development of maize seedlings under saline stress. The experiment used four different bacterial consortia namely B5 (two species of phosphate solubilizing bacteria); B6 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and ACC deaminase producing bacteria); B7 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and B9 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ACC deaminase producing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria). The salinity stress was conducted by adding NaCl with a concentration of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM to the Hoagland nutrient solution as a germination medium. The inoculation bacteria increased the root length, root number, shoot length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content of Pioneer maize seedling up to 25% at salinity stress treatment 150 mM NaCl. The highest increase in seedlings growth parameters was observed on seedlings inoculated by B5, B7, and B9 under a salinity treatment of 150 mM.
Analysis of the carrying capacity of the Krueng Langsa river basin based on the water management criteria
Authors: Iswahyudi  , Rosmaiti  , Fitriyani  , Fauzia Arisna
Published: June 2023

Langsa Municipality is often hit by floods every year. This event happened because the Krueng Langsa river water overflowed. This indicated that the function of the Krueng Langsa watershed has decreased. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the Krueng Langsa Watershed as seen from water management indicators, and to evaluate the carrying capacity of the Krueng Langsa watershed. This research was conducted in the Krueng Langsa watershed, Langsa Municipality, which was carried out from October to December 2021. This research was conducted in six stages, namely: preparation, field survey and data collection, data processing, data analysis, and research results. The analytical method used is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: P.61/Menhut-II/2014 concerning monitoring and evaluation of watershed management based on water management criteria. To find out the water system, it is done by observing the 5 parameters observed, namely the Flow Regime Coefficient (KRA), Annual Flow Coefficient (KAT), Sediment Load (MS), Flooding and Water Use Index (IPA). These five parameters have their respective weights, scores, and values. The results showed that the KRA value was medium class category, the KAT value was the low class category, the MS value was the low class category, the flood value was in the very high category and the IPA value was in the medium class category. The total of the final values obtained from the 5 observed parameters obtained a value which indicates that the carrying capacity of the Krueng Langsa watershed based on water conditions is included in the medium class category.
Enzymatic Saccharification of Purple Sweet Potato Flour by α-Amylase, Xylanase, Mannanase and Amyloglucosidase for Liquid Sugar Production
Authors: Yuansah Sunrixon Carmando , Laga Amran , Pirman
Published: June 2023

The purple sweet potato starch was the only carbohydrate component that was converted to its monomeric sugar during the conventional saccharification process, while the fiber remained because α-amylase and amyloglucosidase only act on the α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic bonds in starch. To overcome this, xylanase and mannanase are used to convert hemicellulose to monomeric sugars. The optimal conditions in the process must be known to achieve optimal liquid sugar yield. The purpose of this research was to determine how different enzyme types, times, and their interactions affected the total sugar and dextrose equivalent of liquid sugar produced. This study was carried out by first producing purple sweet potato flour and then generating liquid sugar enzymatically. According to the study’s findings, the treatment combining α-amylase and xylanase was the best combination of enzymes in the liquification, with total sugar reaching 90.83 grams/L. In the saccharification process, the best interaction treatment was α-amylase, xylanase, and AMG with 48 hours of saccharification time (171.37 g/L). After 48 hours of saccharification, the sugar concentration reached its highest point and then fluctuated. The polymerization of monosaccharides under acidic conditions, heat, and the presence of water resulted in a decrease in total dissolved sugar concentration.
Reduction of caffeine levels in the process of clarified coffee using the centrifugation
Authors: Sulaiman I , Marsyanda  , Erika C
Published: June 2023

The development of coffee drinks continues to develop along with the large variety of coffee drinks with various flavors and the process of making coffee drinks. Coffee drinks contain very high caffeine, but on the other hand, coffee has a distinctive taste and multiple benefits, one of which is protecting the body from free radicals caused by antioxidants. However, some coffee lovers are just the opposite unable to enjoy coffee because of the high caffeine content. Therefore research is carried out on making coffee that can reduce caffeine levels so that everyone can enjoy that coffee drink. Reducing caffeine levels can be done in various ways, one of which is the centrifugation process; this process is in line with the process of making clear coffee drinks with physical methods. This research was conducted to ensure that clear coffee produced by the centrifugation method can reduce caffeine levels. Reducing caffeine levels is carried out in Arabica Gayo Specialty Coffee with a roasting level factor (light, medium, dark), Caffeine levels before roasting at light (1.57mg/g), medium (1.59 mg/g), and dark (1.24 mg/g). Caffeine after centrifugation environment 0,480 until 1,497 mg/g in 150 ml. This study found that the roasting rate and sedimentation process will produce a more transparent coffee color and a lower amount of caffeine.
The functional properties of starch from arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) tubers using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)
Authors: Harni M , Rini  , Suliansyah I
Published: June 2023

Arrowroot tuber is a type of tuber that has not yet been widely cultivated by people. This tuber provides quite high starch in the rhizome. In addition, this tuber also contains functional compounds that become the source of polyphenols and have the function as antioxidants. Functional compounds from tuber starch can be preserved for a long time if the extraction process is carried out properly. One of the modern extraction methods that can be used to extract this starch is Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). This extraction does not need heat to work but it uses electromagnetic waves instead. Treatment E (4 minutes extraction time) had the highest data from each observation, namely swelling 1993%, solubility 91.52%, water absorption 83.98% and oil absorption 133.86%.
The characteristic of chili sauce with kolang kaling (Arenga pinnata) addition as thickener
Authors: Anggraini T , Siski F , Yenrina R
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of adding kolang-kaling pulp to the characteristied of chili sauce physically and chemically. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study were the addition of kolang-kaling pulp at various concentration; A (0%), B (5%), C (10%), D(15%), E(20%). The research data were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncans’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the difference in the concentration of kolang-kaling gave a significant effect on the value of viscosity, water content, ash content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C content, pH value, total dissolved solids, taste and color. The best concentration of kolang-kaling in making chili sauce is at a concentration of 20% with an average viscosity value of 7273.33 Cpas, water content 69.00%, ash content 0.88%, antioxidant activity 37.01%, vitamin C content 32.37 mg/100g, pH value 3.89, total dissolved solids 22.40%, preference for color 3.20, aroma 3.40, taste 3.80 and texture 3.85 and total plate number 3.3 x 103 CFU/mL.
The Comparative Effect of MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) and Corn (Zea mays L.) Flour on the Characteristics of Chiffon Cake
Authors: Novelina  , Aisman  , Ramadhani AS
Published: June 2023

MOCAF is the result of processing cassava flour by fermentation, so it has better physicochemical characteristics than cassava flour. Often used as a substitute for flour in food processing, but the protein content is low. The use of MOCAF to make cakes needs to be mixed with other flour, such as corn flour to increase the protein content of cakes. This study aims to determine the effect of a mixture of MOCAF and corn flour on the characteristics of the resulting chiffon cake. Observations were made on the physical, chemical, sensory, and microbiological properties. Based on the analysis of physical, chemical, and sensory tests (color, aroma, taste, and texture) chiffon cake with a ratio of 70% MOCAF and 30% corn flour was the best treatment with moisture content (32.96%), ash (1.31). %), protein (6.34%), fat (17.14%), carbohydrates (42.20%), fiber (2.64%), a ratio of chiffon cake (93.76%), swelling power (78, 82%), color (83.45oHue), hardness (4.25 N/Cm2), microbes (3.83 log CFU/g), and mold (2.46 log CFU/g).
Physical properties of long jawed mackerel fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta L.) balls with added concentration of canna starch (Canna edulis Kerr.)
Authors: Widaputri S , Herdiana N , Sapta Zuidar A , Susilawati
Published: June 2023

Canna starch can be used in place of tapioca as a meatball filler, as fish meatballs are among the dishes that require filler. The purpose of the research was to determine the canna starch concentration that produces mackerel fish balls with the optimal physical properties. In this experiment, a completely randomized block design (CRBD) was used with a single factor, the concentration of canna starch. Seven concentrations of canna starch (w/w) were used as treatments: control with tapioca, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. In this research, physical testing and fish ball production were utilized. The acquired data were analyzed statistically using the Bartlett and Tuckey test, the ANOVA test, and the High Significant Different test at the 5% significance level. The best addition of canna starch was determined to be treatment P1 (5%) with a hardness value of 277.75 N, a springiness value of 14.55 mm, and a cohesiveness value of 1.06.
Study The Effect Of Sweet Potato Paste As A Substitute Ingredient In Steamed Brownies
Authors: Dameswary Amarilia Harsanti , Hartati Puji , Nur Hasnah AR
Published: June 2023

Brownies with the addition of sweet potato paste are a diversification food and to reduce the use of wheat flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding sweet potato paste on the characteristics of steamed brownies. The sweet potatoes used are local sweet potatoes from Bangka Belitung, then the sweet potatoes made into paste as a substitute for making brownies. The substitution level were 0%, 20%, 30%,40%, and 50%. The results showed that the substitution 50% had a significant effect on the moisture content (37.70%) and ash content (1.32%). Based on the panelists’ assessment, the highest value on the parameters of taste (4.38), color (4.42), aroma (4.45) preferred the addition of 50% sweet potato paste. Meanwhile, in the texture parameter, the panelists preferred brownies without the addition of sweet potato paste, which was 4.79.
Supplementation of Javanese Long Pepper Extracts into Sucrose-Free Hard Candy for Improving Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Supriyanto  , Mojiono M , Ambarwati Y
Published: June 2023

Hard candy was made from the mixture of sucrose, glucose, and water. However, the excessive intake of sucrose can cause serious dental problems such as dental caries. Sucrose in hard candy formula is replaceable, using xylitol with the calory content of 40% lower than sucrose, while it also supresses the bacterial growth of Streptococcus mutans causing dental caries. Hard candy functionality is improved by addition of Javanese long pepper extracts containing various chemicals such as alkaloid, saponin, and piperin found up to 4-6%, and they exert antibacterial activity. This current work characterized the quality (i.e., color, pH, solubility time, sensory) of sucrose-free hard candy supplemented with Javanese long pepper extracts, and evaluated the antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans causing dental caries. The experiment followed a non-factorial completely randomized design consisting of different proportions of xylitol and glucose: 0:50, 30:80, 35:85, and 20:90, carried out at triplicates. As a result, the higher concentration of xylitol positively affected the characteristics of sucrose-free hard candy, including color, pH, and sensory properties. In addition, the concentration of xylitol showed positive impact to inhibition of Streptococcus mutans.
Antioxidant activity and physicochemical composition of coffee pulp obtained from three coffee varieties in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rohaya S , Anwar S H , Amhar A B , Sutriana A , Muzaifa M
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity and physicochemical composition of coffee pulp from the three coffee varieties in Aceh Province. This research is exploratory. The pulp of arabica, robusta, and liberica coffee was sun-dried to produce cascara. The properties of cascara including antioxidants, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, crude fiber, and total phenol were evaluated. The results showed that the pulp of arabica, robusta, and liberica coffee could reduce free radicals using the DPPH method with a very strong intensity, where the IC50 produced was ranged 33.95 to 44.94 ppm (very strong category ≤ 50 ppm). The results of the physicochemical analysis included for total soluble solids (TSS) at 0.83 − 16.00°Brix; total titratable acidity 0.001− 0.160%; pH 4.68 − 5.59; moisture content 67.61−79.49%; ash content 1.39 − 3.74%; fat content 0.3 − 1.01%; protein content 4.08 − 7.88%; crude fiber content 13.79 − 38.51% and total phenol 21.99 − 80.00 mg GAE/100g sample. These results can be the basis for diversifying the utilization of coffee pulp waste into useful products such as functional drinks like cascara and kombucha.
Analysis of Heavy Metals on Various Refilled Drinking Water Depots Circulated In Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera Province by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Methods
Authors: Fajri P Y , Putri N E , Agustina  , Desminarti S
Published: June 2023

Heavy metal pollution of drinking water has been a major problem in the worldwide. Indonesian National Standarditaion has set the limits for heavy metals contamination in mineral water and bottled drinking water. This study was designed as a cross-sectional field observational study conducted among six refilled drinking water depots and one bottled drinking water in Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province. This study aimed to analyze the levels of chemical contamination, especially heavy metal contamination, which were Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chopper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn). Metal contamination was analyzed in 6 drinking water depots and one bottled drinking water sample using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrophotometry method. The result shows that there are 24 metals contained in the sample. Five types of heavy metals are highly toxic: Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Refilled drinking water depot samples studied in Harau District area were containing heavy metals that exceeded the standards set in SNI 01-3553-2006 state that 0.005 mg/L for Pb, max. 0.5 mg/L for Cu, max. 0.003 mg/L for Cd, max. 0.001 mg/L for Hg, and no content for Ag and Co. In the result were; Lead (Pb) in sample A (0.0079 mg/L), B (0.0103 mg/L), C (0.0070 mg/L), D (0.0061 mg/L), E (0.0094 mg/L), F and G (0.0073 mg/L); Cadmium (Cd) in sample A (0.0052 mg/L), C (0.0035 mg/L), D (0095 mg/L), E (0.0063 mg/L), F (0.0049 mg/L), and G (0.0059 mg/L). Only one water sample was still at allowed levels of contaminant Cd in sample water B (0.0025 mg/L). While, all samples contained excess Pb. Meanwhile, six water samples contaminated by Cd were within unacceptable limits. While metal contamination such as Hg (not available), Cu (0.0148-0.0038 mg/L), and Zn (0.0293-0.0643 mg/L) are still at the allowed levels.
Comparison Effect of Cisokan Rice Flour and Cornstarch on Quality Characteristics of Snack Foods Extrudate with Protein Sources of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis)
Authors: Refdi C W , Ismed  , Rasdiana F Z , Dewi R K , Rahmadoni J , Suryani I P , Ramadhani A , Monica D , Rahmadani O
Published: June 2023

The extruded snacks are snacks that are processed by extrusion from flour materials with the addition of other ingredients through the frying process or without frying. Generally, extruded snack products are low in protein. The protein content of extruded snack products can be increased by adding Bilih fish. This study aimed to determine the Cisokan rice flour and cornstarch ratio to the quality characteristics of extruded snacks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with five treatments and three replications. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested with DNMRT at a significance level of 5%. The treatment used was the ratio of Cisokan rice flour and cornstarch, namely: A (95:5), B (90:10), C (85:15), D (80:20), E (75:25). The results showed that the ratio of Cisokan rice flour and cornstarch at various concentrations gave a 5% significant level effect on the physical properties (hardness and color), and proximate (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content).
Store or not to store: a comparative study on the physicochemical properties of pumpkin
Authors: Rosales R , Photchanachai S , Khanobdee C , Boonyaritthongchai P , Wongs-Aree C
Published: June 2023

The nutritional value of postharvest pumpkin is affected by different factors, including storage which can maintain or reduce quality. This study was conducted to determine the influence of storage on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of pumpkins. Storage of raw pumpkins under room temperature (28 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5% RH) conditions for 20 days was beneficial without unfavorable effects on the fruit weight, flesh thickness, dry matter (DM), and total soluble solids (TSS). Storage changed the pulp color from yellow-orange to orange. Likewise, the rind became orange with a white substance on the surface from mixed colors of green and yellow. Storage positively increased total sugar contents by 10 folds compared to non-stored raw pumpkins. However, storage adversely affected the total flavonoid contents, which resulted in the content’s decline. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging radical activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays) exhibited lower values in stored pumpkins. In addition, it would hold the fruits for 20 days avoiding surplus supply in the market, sweeter pulps, and reasonable antioxidant capacity, and a suitable mitigation strategy for postharvest loss.
Characterization of charcoal briquettes made from rubber rods and coconut shells with tapioca as an adhesive.
Authors: Hamzah F , Fajri A , Harun N , Pramana A
Published: June 2023

Briquettes are biomass used as alternative household energy to replace LPG. One of the materials for making briquettes is rubber rods and coconut shells because they contain cellulose and lignin. The goal of this study is to combine raw materials for rubber rods and coconut shells with high-quality tapioca adhesive in order to produce charcoal briquettes with the best properties in accordance with SNI No. 01-6235-2000. In this study, five treatments of three tests were used in a completely randomized design. Rubber rods and coconut shell charcoal were used in this study’s treatment in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The briquette analysis results show that the briquette treatment comparison affects the test of water content value, ash content, evaporating substance content, bound carbon, and calorific value. BKTK5 treatment is a 50/50 blend of rubber rod charcoal and coconut shell charcoal with the same weight as charcoal (23.75 g). BKTK5 is the best treatment, with a water content value of 4.87%, an ash content value of 3.56%, an evaporating substance content value of 4.76%, a bound carbon value of 86.81%, and a calorific value of 8082.29 cal / g.
The effect of roasting Toraja Arabica coffee with a fluidized roaster on the antioxidant and proximate content
Authors: Astuti  , Machmudah S , Winardi S , Manalu L P , Atmaji G , Widodo W E , Hartono L K , Komariyah K , Alfa M N , Kurniasari I
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of roasting on antioxidant activity and proximate values (moisture content, ash content, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content). The proximate test method refers to Indonesian National Standard 01-2891-1992, and the antioxidant analysis uses the DPPH method. The Toraja coffee used is included in the type of Arabica coffee. Green coffee is roasted using a fluidized roaster with a medium roast level at process conditions: temperature 217 C and time 15 minutes. After roasting for total protein, proximate sample content increased from 9.49% to 11.62%, and moisture content decreased from 7.75% to 1.47%. Antioxidant content was analyzed using coffee samples extracted with water and ethanol solution. The study of water solvent showed that the antioxidant activity after roasting decreased from 5.63 M BHA/g to 4.37 M BHA/g. In contrast, the antioxidant content with ethanol solvent was 12.76 M BHA/g before roasting and 8.94 M BHA/g after roasting. These values indicate that the roasting heat affects Toraja Arabica coffee’s antioxidant and proximate activity.