bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation of Dendrocalamus Asper Schult. & Schult. f. through Branch cuttings as influenced by Type of Planting and Rooting Hormones
Authors: Razvi Sajad , Nautiyal Santosh , Bakshi Meena , Pala Nazir
Published: March 2022

The branch cuttings of Dendrocalamus asper were collected in the month of April 2009 from the already established phenotypically superior clumps growing in Forest Research Institute, Dehradun Campus. The cuttings were treated with rooting hormones (IAA, IBA, NAA and Coumarin with concentration of 500 ppm) to assess the rooting ability of branch cuttings under natural conditions. The binodal cuttings were made and were placed horizontally in plastic trays and vertically in earthen pots for rooting. Observations were recorded on rooting response of branch cuttings. Maximum 65% rooting was recorded in the cuttings treated with IBA 500 ppm followed by Control (untreated cuttings) 55% in horizontally placed cuttings. However, the minimum rooting percentage was observed in case of IAA 500 ppm and Coumarin 500 ppm (40%) treated cuttings. In vertically planted cuttings IBA 500 ppm shows maximum rooting percentage (55%) followed by NAA 500 ppm treated cuttings (50%) however minimum rooting was recorded in case of IAA and coumarin 500ppm. The cuttings planted horizontally gave better rooting response as compared to the cuttings planted vertically. IBA 500 ppm treatment has proved to be the best rooting hormone for rooting of branch cutting of Dendrocalamus asper. The number of root and shoot length was maximum in NAA 500 ppm treated cuttings, while there was less variation observed in sprout number with treatment.
OS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS E A LIMITAÇÃO EFETIVA AO PODER DE REFORMA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Marcelo Hara Johnny , Coelho Medina Lízia , Roberto Santos Cláudio , da Silva Crespo Bastos Danuza , Farage da Costa Felipe Bruno
Published: March 2022

As constantes iniciativas legislativas por reformas constitucionais contrapõe os mecanismos de estabilidade e efetividade das normas constitucionais originárias à demanda política estabelecida. O presente artigo aborda, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, uma análise da literatura constitucional sobre as reformas constitucionais instituídas nos últimos dez anos, no direito brasileiro, na busca por reexaminar os limites do poder constituinte derivado. As alterações, previstas pelo poder constituinte originário, buscam acompanhar eventuais mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas, bem como novas e prementes necessidades, imprevistas na elaboração da Constituição Federal. O objetivo geral deste artigo é verificar a compatibilidade entre a doutrina tradicional sobre os limites do poder reformador e realidade das efetivas alterações constitucionais do último decênio. Assim, buscou-se verificar o atual estado da arte acerca das reformas constitucionais brasileiras da pretérita década. Nesse sentido, as reformas constitucionais foram analisadas sob a perspectiva dos limites formais, temporais, materiais e circunstanciais do poder constituinte derivado de reforma e revisão constitucional. A despeito de intensas discussões políticas e jurídicas sobre o escopo das reformas constitucionais estudadas, cujo teor não se discute neste estudo perfunctório, duas considerações destacam-se, a título de conclusão, bem como de questão a ser explorada em um futuro e mais aprofundado estudo: o papel central e basilar dos princípios constitucionais na salvaguarda do texto constitucional e a inocuidade de um regramento exagerado de limites expressos ou procedimentos ao Poder Constituinte de revisão. É certo que alterações jurídicas refletem as transformações sociais, políticas e econômicas. Porém, a cumulatividade e indefectibilidade dos princípios basilares adotados pelo Estado democrático de Direito e inseridos constitucionalmente no ordenamento constituem-se no marco delimitador a quaisquer procedimentos para aprovar emendas constitucionais. Ainda que, quanto aos limites expressos de reforma, haja adaptação, mutação ou adequação de novas situações para o âmbito constitucional, os princípios constitucionais, tais como as noções gerais de Direito consistem na delimitação derradeira do poder de reforma. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: PODER CONSTITUINTE DERIVADO, REFORMA CONSTITUCIONAL, PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS
A RESPONSABILIDADE DOS PODERES PÚBLICOS NA POLÍTICA DE SAÚDE: UM BALANÇO DA ATUAÇÃO DOS PODERES
Authors: Filgueiras Nunes Flávio , Coelho Medina Lízia , Roberto Santos Cláudio , da Silva Crespo Bastos Danuza , Farage da Costa Felipe Bruno
Published: March 2022

A emergência de demandas sociais resulta da tensão entre democracia e capitalismo. As políticas de saúde desempenham um papel estruturante no Estado de Bem-estar brasileiro. A Constituição de 1988 inaugurou uma nova era em termos de políticas de saúde. O Brasil é inserido no rol dos países que propugnam a universalização da saúde ao contemplá-la como direito de todos e dever do Estado. Para dar materialidade políticoinstitucional à política social de saúde, a Constituição instituiu o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Considerada um dos pilares dos sistemas ocidentais de proteção social, a saúde pública articula-se, em geral, a outras políticas sociais. Ao se estudar políticas públicas faz-se necessário recorrer às conexões entre Estado, política, economia e sociedade. A saúde pública é prestada de múltiplas formas, cujas variáveis decorrem do contexto político-econômico. Inúmeras responsabilidades dos Poderes Públicos transcendem a área da saúde e implicam conexões com outros setores governamentais. Por exemplo, o SUS também deve atuar mediante a participação na formulação da política e na execução de ações de saneamento básico; formular política de medicamentos, equipamentos, vacinas, imunobiológicos e outros insumos de interesse para a saúde e participar da sua produção, fiscalização. As múltiplas responsabilidades dos Poderes dos Poderes Públicos na política de saúde geram implicações para a compreensão do SUS como política de Estado, envolvendo ações articuladas pelas três instâncias federativas. Diante desse contexto, o estudo objetiva identificar o papel do Estado na saúde a partir de 1990, considerando a atuação dos Poderes. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, a metodologia utilizada foi a revisão de literatura e a análise de dados estatísticos. Como resultado esperado da pesquisa, destacam-se as seguintes conclusões: 1) A responsabilidade pela saúde pública não é apenas setorial; 2) As políticas econômicas e sociais devem estar integradas com as políticas de saúde; 3) A atuação coordenada das três esferas de governo deve articular-se com os demais Poderes, o Ministério Público e a sociedade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito à Saúde, Poder Executivo, Poder Legislativo, Poder Judiciário, Política de saúde
DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À INTERNET E DEFESA DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Filgueiras Nunes Flávio , Roberto Santos Cláudio , Rezende Júnior Nélson , Menezes de Jesus Renata , Farage da Costa Felipe Bruno
Published: March 2022

O fio condutor deste trabalho é o tema da democratização da utilização da Internet, focando nos desafios do direito para regular este processo de crescimento e a utilização desta tecnologia. O enfoque que será dado terá por base as informações e posicionamentos apresentados pelo sociólogo belga, radicado na França, Armand Mattelart, bem como do filósofo tunisiano Pierre Lévy, e ainda do jurista argentino Ricardo Luis Lorenzetti. Analisar-se-á o aumento considerável do acesso da população à Internet, com a conseqüente consolidação do que os teóricos convencionaram chamar de cibercultura. A Internet, aliada à equipamentos portáveis, como telefones celulares e netbooks, tem provocado mudanças no comportamento da sociedade. Constantemente é noticiado pelos meios de comunicação, apenas a título de exemplo, que pessoas tem aproveitado a Internet para expor suas vidas de forma aberta, sem qualquer tipo de restrição, e também expor a vida de outros. De outro lado os países, por meio de seus órgãos legislativos, têm se furtado à produção de normas jurídicas capazes de amenizar os efeitos negativos desta democratização do acesso à Internet, acabando que, mesmo por meio indireto, contribuindo para proliferação de práticas não desejadas pela sociedade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cibercultura, Internet, Regulamentação
The Gershgorin Type Theorem on Localization of the Eigenvalues of Infinite Matrices and Zeros of Entire Functions
Authors: GİL' Michael
Published: March 2022

The classical Gershgorin theorem on localization of the eigenvalues of finite matrices is extended to infinite Hille-Tamarkin matrices. Applications to finite order entire functions

are also discussed.
Inversions and Stable Layers in the free atmosphere over India - Part I
Authors: ANANTHAKRISHNAN R. , RANGARAJAN S.
Published: March 2022

.
To Use or Not Use Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Utilization of Neuromonitoring During Spine Surgeries and Associated Conflicts of Interest, a Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Bible Jesse E. , Goss Madison
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

There are no universal guidelines that dictate the indications for the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in spine surgery resulting in its variable use. The choice to use IONM has been both cited in malpractice lawsuits and insurance claims, but no data exist regarding surgeons' rationale for making this choice. The goal of this study was to assess (1) the use of certain IONM modalities during common spine surgeries, (2) surgeons' rationale for use of IONM, and (3) IONM practices and potential conflicts of interest associated with its use.

Methods:

Respondents were asked to select each IONM modality they used during 20 different surgical scenarios within the spine followed by rating the importance of several reasons when selecting to use IONM. Finally, the occurrence of conflicts of interest, out-of-network billing, and cost were assessed.

Results:

Approximately one-half (47%) of respondents who perform anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion/total disk arthroplasty for radiculopathy use IONM, opposed to 76% for myelopathy. The presence of cord compression and/or neurologic symptoms increased IONM use by approximately 30% during trauma cases. Medicolegal was the reason of highest importance when choosing to use IONM (7.4 ± 2.9; mean ± SD), followed by surgeon reassurance (6.2 ± 2.7; P < 0.0001 versus medicolegal) and belief it affects patient outcomes (5.2 ± 3.0; P = 0.004 versus reassurance).

Conclusions:

Although there is increasing use of IONM, this has not translated to an absolute requirement for every spine surgery. Surgeons are faced with opposing influences of the medicolegal system and insurance payers. Future guidelines on using IONM should not be absolute, but rather should consider the risks of each procedure, along with how patients and surgeons value these risks, in addition to the costs. The findings of this study should help to serve as a guide to surgeons, payers, and courts as contemporary, common practices for the use of IONM during spinal surgical scenarios.
Pengaruh Teknik Pembelajaran Kreatif Produktif terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Terpadu Siswa SMP
Authors: Khatimah Husnul
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah guru dapat menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi agar siswa tertarik untuk aktif dalam pembelajaran, sehingga akan tercipta suasana belajar yang efektif dan tujuan belajar dapat tercapai secara optimal. Dalam perbaikan proses pengajaran ini peranan guru sangat penting, selaku pengelola kegiatan siswa, guru juga diharapkan membimbing dan membantu siswa agar selama proses pembelajaran semua kegiatan anak dapat dikontrol. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri atas delapan kelas yaitu kelas VIII A sampai dengan VIII G berjumlah 218 orang siswa, sementara sampel dalam penelitian adalah sebagian siswa kelas VIII (hanya sebagian siswa). Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa penggunaan metode yang menarik terhadap siswa perlu diberikan sehingga siswa lebih berperan dan terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar, maka peneliti dapat melakukan eksperimen tentang salah satu teknik pembelajaran yaitu Kreatif-Produktif.
Guru Profesional, Mutu Pendidikan dan Tantangan Pembelajaran
Authors: Yasin Ilyas
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kualitatif dengan Kajian Pustaka, penelitian kualitatif merupakan suatu penelitian yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada objek yang alamiah dimana peneliti adalah sebagai instrumen kunci, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara gabungan, analisis data bersifat induktif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi, Secara keseluruhan  ada banyak faktor  yang memengaruhi mutu pendidikan baik secara kultural maupun struktural sejak dari  siswa, guru, fasilitas, pembiayaan hingga kebijakan. Idealnya kedua faktor  tersebut harus berjalan bersamaan untuk meningkatkan mutu  pendidikan, tapi faktanya tidak selalu demikian.  Tulisan ini akan membentangkan problem peningkatan mutu pendidikan khususnya berkaitan dengan guru.  Sebagai agen utama pembelajaran guru sangat menentukan dalam mendorong transformasi pendidikan di tengah berbagai keterbatasan yang ada. Sebaliknya, sebagus apapun kebijakan pendidikan dibuat tanpa didukung oleh guru-guru yang berdedikasi dan profesional maka tidak banyak perubahan yang dapat diharapkan akan terjadi.
Peran Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam Pemeriksaan Lanjutan (Persidangan) pada Nahkoda Kapal yang Mengalami Kecelakaan
Authors: Christmas Christmas , Huda Misbahul , Nachrawi Gunawan
Published: March 2022

Pasal 1 angka (58) UU No. 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran mengemukakan bahwa Mahkamah Pelayaran adalah panel ahli yang berada dibawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Menteri yang bertugas untuk melakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan kecelakaan kapal. Pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebab-sebab terjadinya kecelakaan kapal dan/atau menentukan ada atau tidaknya kesalahan atau kelalaian dalam penerapan standar profesi kepelautan yang dilakukan oleh Nakhoda atau pimpinan kapal dan/atau Perwira Kapal dalam kaitan terjadinya kecelakaan kapal. Rumusan masalah yang penulis bahas adalah: 1) Bagaimana peran Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam mengungkap terjadinya kecelakaan kapal? dan 2) Bagaimana tanggungjawab Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam menyelesaikan kasus  terjadinya kecelakaan kapal? Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, yaitu menganalisis kaitan  antara peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksanaan hukum positif yang menyangkut permasalahan yang dibahas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tanggungjawab Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam menyelesaikan kasus terjadinya kecelakaan kapal, Mahkamah Pelayaran saat ini bukanmerupakan badan peradilan, dan kedudukannya pun tidak dalam lingkungan Peradilan Umum.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Kantin Kejujuran di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ilahiyyah Payak I Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang
Authors: Mujahidin Mujahidin , Nurjanah Nunung
Published: March 2022

This study aims to describe the implementation of character education through the Honesty Canteen at the Al-Ilahiyyah Islamic Boarding School Payak I Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang. Researchers use the type of field research (field research) with a qualitative approach to data collection using interviews, documentation and observation. The results of this study are 1. The application of the character of students is obedient to the caregiver, polite, diligent in worship and work, active, maintaining cleanliness, honest and responsible. 2. Implementation of honesty canteen in shaping the character of students through honesty canteen, namely students buying food and drinks in the canteen honestly. 3. Supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing honesty canteens in shaping the character of students, namely: through internal factors of conscience, desire or strong will, good habits by implementing honesty canteens and external factors including environmental and family influences. So it can be concluded that: 1. Application the character of the santri in the Al-Ilahiyyah Payak I Islamic boarding school Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang according to the scope and values ??of character education in an Islamic perspective reflects the good character of the santri.2. the implementation of the honesty canteen in shaping the character of students at the Al-Ilahiyyah Payak I Islamic boarding school Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang through three important theories regarding the purpose of studying morality so that it will improve attitudes and daily behavior. 3. The supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the honesty canteen in shaping the character of the students are divided into two factors, namely internal and external.
Переход сверхпроводник-изолятор в ультратонких нанопластинах Sb2Te3
Authors: Кузанян А. А. , Арутюнян С. Р.
Published: March 2022

Исследована проводимость монокристаллических нанопластин топологического изолятора Sb2Te3. В ультратонких нанопластинах Sb2Te3 при температуре около 4 К возникает резкое падение сопротивления, которое является проявлением сверхпроводимости. Результаты показывают, что наличие оптимальной степени беспорядка является необходимым условием возникновения сверхпроводимости. В этих нанопластинах наблюдается перестраиваемый магнитным полем переход сверхпроводник−изолятор. Температурная зависимость магнитосопротивления в полях меньше критического (B < BC) показывает последовательную трансформацию слабой антилокализационной аномалии в сверхпроводящий переход. Получено значение показателя корреляционной длины ν=0.75±0.05 с применением теории масштабирования.
Prevalence of Syndromic Intellectual Disability among Children of Age 2-5 Years in Different Hospitals of Lahore, Punjab
Authors: Naz Shagufta , Sajjad Eesha , Kokab Sumaima , Sharif Saima
Published: March 2022

A retrospective analytical study was performed from September 2019 to March 2020 on Intellectual disability patients by visiting different hospitals of Lahore,Punjab. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of different factors associated with syndromic intellectual disability in the Punjab population. Intellectual Disability (ID) is caused by the environmental influence, genetic disorder, perinatal infection, neonatal infection or postnatal infection. It was diagnosed by the test of Intellectual functioning. In this study 50 patients were identified among which 33 were males and 17 were females. The basic cause of ID in Pakistan was recorded as cousin marriages. Other factors like malnutrition, microcephaly, complicated delivery, brain infections were the major causes of ID. To avoid severe or profound ID early diagnosis, clinical evaluation, genetic counseling, and proper treatment was necessary. A proper guidance must require for the parents to admit their ID children in respective special school. The primary goal of this research was to provide information to individuals and groups who were recognized to be at risk for ID, as well as their family members and to those who deal with them.
Akut Apandisit Tanısında Alvarado ve RIPASA Skorlama Sistemlerinin Etkinliğinin Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇETİN Murat , ALTUNTAŞ Gürkan , ALTUNTAŞ Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servise başvuran ve akut apandisit tanısı ile apendektomi yapılan hastalarda Alvarado ve RIPASA skorlarının etkinliğini incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Akut apandisit tanısı alan hastaların incelendiği tek merkezli, retrospektif bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmamızda, hastaların post-operatif histopataolojik tanıları altın standart kabul edilerek, hastalardan başlangıç muayenelerinde bakılan Alvarado ve RIPASA klinik skorlar ile karşılaştırılması planlandı.

Bulgular: Akut apandisit tanısı ile opere edilen 125 hastanın; 81’i erkek (%64,8) 44’ü kadındı (%35,2). Hastaların 95’inde (%76) non-komplike apandisit, 21’inde (%16,8) reaktif lenfoid hiperplazi, 9’unda (%7,2) komplike apandisit tanısı konulmuştur. Alvarado ve RIPASA skorlarının ROC eğrisi ve eğri altında kalan alanı değerlendirildiğinde RIPASA skoru AUC=0.811 iken Alvarado için AUC=0.762 idi. Cut-off değer olarak her iki skorda da en iyi değer ≥7 olarak belirlendi. Alvarado ve RIPASA skorları arasındaki karşılaştırmada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı.

Sonuç: Akut apandisit kesin tanısı histopatolojik olarak konulabilen bir cerrahi acildir. Hızlı ve doğru teşhisini sağlamak için çeşitli skorlama sistemleri acil hekimleri tarafından daha sık kullanılmalıdır Acil serviste skorlama sistemleri tanı koymada faydalı olup birbirlerine üstünlükleri bulunmamıştır. Hem RIPASA hem de Alvarado skorlama sistemlerinin daha sık kullanılması ile negatif apendektomi oranı azaltılabilir.
META-MATERIALS
Authors: PATEL JALPAN
Published: March 2022

Meta-material is a word made of two parts; ‘meta’ meaning beyond and ‘materials’. They are materials engineered to exhibit properties which are not found in nature. They are made from assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from composite materials such as metals and plastics. The structural elements of these materials are arranged in repeating as well as non-repeating patterns. Meta-materials derive their properties from the base metal i.e., chemical composition as well as from their newly designed structures. Their precise shape, geometry, size, arrangement and orientation give them their smart properties capable of manipulating, absorbing, enhancing as well as bending waves ranging from acoustics to electromagnetic waves to achieve benefits that go beyond what is possible with conventional materials. Metamaterial research is an interdisciplinary field and involves various engineering domains such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, material science, solid state physics and more. Potential applications of metamaterials are diverse and include optical fibres, medical equipment, sensors as well as military operations and aerospace applications.
perception of people with disabilities in society
Authors: Machalski Damian , Kołpa Małgorzata , Grochowska Aneta
Published: March 2022

Introduction: For many years, people with disabilities have been treated as people who cannot participate in society and are therefore discriminated against. At present, however, the attitude towards people with disabilities is changing. The aim of the study was to assess the perception of disabled people by healthy people. Material and method: The applied research technique was a quantitative method - a diagnostic survey. The research technique used was a survey among 400 patients of POZ from April to August 2019. The original questionnaire contained 28 closed questions. Results: According to the respondents, 66% believe that sick people are discriminated against in society. Almost all respondents (97%) believe that the sick should participate in social life, while almost half (48%) believe that the disabled should be given special care and assistance. Conclusions: Women are more likely to believe that people with disabilities are discriminated against. They also feel more strongly that they should be given special care and assistance. The age of respondents influences the attitude of kindness towards people with disabilities. Empathy towards people with disabilities increases with the level of education of respondents and with the level of religiousness.
Model Contract for Health Care on Trekking and Expeditions for Doctors – Recommendation of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (UIAA)
Authors: Küpper Thomas , Hillebrandt David , Milledge Jim , Basnayt Buddha
Published: March 2022

This suggested contract document attempts to clarify the rights and obligations of the tour operator (referred to herein as “organization”, OR), the ED and the EX to avoid trouble and misunderstandings during the trip.

Being an Expedition or Trekking Doctor (referred to herein as “Expedition Doctor”, ED) is more than being merely a member which advises others in case of a health problem during the trip and who may get a discount on organized trips! An ED has specific responsibilities, has to provide special skills, and must always accept responsibility for any diagnosis made, whether right or wrong. Both, the tour operator and the participants of the Expedition (referred to herein as “Expedition”, EX) have their individual and often conflicting interests to which the ED’s own mountaineering interests must also be added. However, to minimize the possible multiple risks associated with these conflicts of interest, the rights, obligations and priorisation of medical and expedition scheduling should be made clear well in advance of the expedition. The following is a model text which may be adapted to an EX’s specific demands. In this text, EX includes the organizers of the trip, the expedition’s leaders and the participants.
Eye Problems on Expeditions – Recommendation of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (UIAA)
Authors: Morris D.S. , Potts J. , Mella S. , Depla D.
Published: March 2022

Visual loss in the wilderness setting is potentially fatal. Firstly it may be a warning sign of a serious systemic problem and secondly the patient may lose their functional independence and ability to respond to objective danger. The issues discussed in this paper fall broadly into two categories, those that are unique to the high altitude setting and those that could happen anywhere but require treatment to protect vision then standard ophthalmological care is unavailable. The aims are to provide practical knowledge on how to manage simple eye problems and also how to recognize the warning signs when evacuation may be required. In keeping with all wilderness medicine, preparation and prevention are essential to avoid eye problems in the mountains. This paper is intended for physicians, interested non-medical people and expedition operators as a practical guide to the treatment and prevention of eye problems on expeditions.
Changes in running habits during the COVID-19 confinement in amateur distance runners
Authors: Mayer Krisztina , Lukács Andrea
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In this study, we examined the impact of government measures being imposed to slow down the spread of COVID-19 pandemic on long-distance runners’ sports habits and well-being. Material and methods: Data from a total of 323 runners (mean age 41.72 (8.78), 41.8% male) were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results: 46.9% of runners changed their running habits during the pandemic, 20.4% partly changed it. The poorest psychological well-being was found in a group that changed previous habits. Only 9 individuals reported no running activity at all, and 10 trained on a treadmill instead of a field. Overall, our respondents ran significantly more during the quarantine than before, which is partly explained by changed working conditions, reduced working hours, or lost jobs. The explanatory variables of excess running were previous mileage and distress. Conclusions: Running is suitable for relieving distress and restoring the feeling of freedom. All of these were confirmed by our subjects in the survey interview.
PROMOTING KERATINASE ACTIVITY FROM NEWLY IDENTIFIED STRAIN Strenotrophomonas maltophilia B6 THROUGH OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: MAMANGKEY JENDRI , SURYANTO DWI , MUNIR ERMAN , MUSTOPA APON ZAENAL
Published: March 2022

Strenotrophomonas maltophilia B6 was a newly identified keratinolytic bacteria isolated from a landfill in North Sumatra. Keratinolytic activitiy of this strain was investigated through optimization and characterization of its enzymatic properties. Amino acid profiles were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after a 96-h of incubation resulted in 2.2569 mg mL-1 amino acids from a 40-mL fermentation supplemented with 10 g/L chicken feathers. The keratinolytic activities were enhanced through addition of 1% glucose yielded 67.41 ± 1.1 UmL-1 and 0.5% peptone yielded

90.24 ± 0.7 UmL-1. Keratinolytic activity enhanced with the addition of Ca+ (116%), Na+ (111%), Mg+ (110%) at 10 mM concentration. Zymogram analysis showed a protein band in the 26 kDa of molecular mass, similar to serine protease. Physical and chemical characteristics of degradation products were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Qualitatively, the optimum activity occurred at 96-h of incubation through SEM image analysis. The FTIR peaks detected were peak 3747 cm-1 (-OH); peak 2972 cm-1 (asymmetric -CH3); peak 1641 cm-1 (amide I); peak 1438 cm-1 (amide II); peak 1092 cm-1 (-C-C-); peak 523 cm-1 (-S-S-). Thus, Strenotrophomonas maltophilia B6 may be used as potential biodegradative bacterium to chicken feather wastes in nature.
EFFECT OF HEAT PRETREATMENTS ON CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF MELON MANIS TERENGGANU (Cucumis melo var. Inodorus cv. Manis Terengganu 1) SEED OIL
Authors: AMIN AMIZA MAT , MAT ROSDI NUR IZZATI , IBRAHIM NOR HAYATI , TENGKU MOHAMAD TENGKU ROZAINA
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this study was to determine effect of different heat pretreatments on chemical and antioxidant properties of Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) seed oil. The seeds were treated with four different heat pretreatment which were untreated (control), roasting, steaming and microwaving. Then the MMT seed oil was extracted from each treated seed using conventional extraction method. The chemical tests determined on the MMT seed oil were free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value (IV), saponification value and fatty acid composition. The antioxidant properties for MMT seed oil evaluated was total phenolic content (TPC), 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It was found that different heat pretreatments of MMT seed significantly (p<0.05) affected the oil yield (11.10–15.40%.), free fatty acid value (3.55–5.04%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (43.06–56.08%), total phenolic content (0.088–0.142 mg GAE/g) and FRAP activity (0.0723–0.110 mmole/100 mL). However, the seed heat pretreatment did not affect the fatty acid composition significantly (p<0.05). As for iodine value, it was different between untreated seed (107.89 g I2/100g) and steamed seed (104.41 g I2/100g) only (p<0.05).
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF YEAST ISOLATES FROM MAPRANG (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) GROWING IN VIETNAM
Authors: TAI NGO VAN , THANH NGUYEN VAN
Published: March 2022

Fifteen yeast strains isolated from maprang (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) were characterised using standard microbiological procedures. The species were identified belonging to three genera Saccharomyces, Hanseniaspora and Pichia and their abilities for wine production were tested by analysing the alcohol produced and remaining sugar. The best biochemically active strain was used along with commercial yeast (S. cerevisiae) to produce wine from maprang juice. Fermenting activity of isolated yeasts was higher than commercial yeast. The isolated yeast strain namely 3.5B and 5.5A showed the best fermenting activity such as fast fermentation by Durham test and highest alcohol percentage (11.5 and 11.83% v/v). Based on the 28S rRNA sequences, yeast strain 5.5A and 3.5B showed 99% similarity to S. cerevisiae (KP723678.1 and KF728774.1, respectively). Using isolated yeast strain 5.5A for wine fermentation at pH 4.0, total soluble solid content 24% and inoculated with yeast density of 107 cells/mL, the alcohol content produced was 14.5% v/v and the wine had favorable color and flavor. Our work constitutes a foundation for strain selection for future applications as starter cultures in fruit wine fermentations. This work is the first ever on yeast diversity from maprang which is the special fruit of Vinh Long province, Vietnam.
INVESTIGATION OF TOXICITY, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND COUGH TREATMENT OF PRODUCTS PRODUCED FROM Pouzolzia zeylanica PLANTS GROWING IN VIETNAM
Authors: TAN NGUYEN DUY , TUYEN VO THI XUAN
Published: March 2022

Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn is one of the medicinal plants that possess a lot of bioactive compounds with potential for therapeutics. These plants have usually been consumed in traditional way despite its efficacy and safety proven. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the toxic and pharmacological effects of concentrated and spray-dried extract of Pouzolzia zeylanica. The plant is popular for its auxiliary substances in the treatment of cough; however, the information about the safety of their usage need to be explored. In the study, the antibacterial ability of respiratory, acute oral toxicity, effects of reducing sputa and cough symptom were evaluated. The antibacterial ability of the test product was assessed on 5 strains of respiratory tract pathogenic bacteria by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The acute oral toxicity, effect to reduce sputum and cough treatment was tested in mice through capsaicin model following standardized methods. It was observed that both products were not causing acute oral toxicity. Pouzolzia zeylanica spray-dried powder had antibacterial activity on Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC of 50 mg/mL. Dose, which used (6 g/day converted in humans) showed effect on reducing sputa and cough symptom due to stimulation of cough model with capsaicin. In contrast, the concentrated product did not show antimicrobial activity in tested bacterial strains. Dose at 4 g/day converted in humans showed effect on reducing sputa in experimental mice that were affected with capsaicin. Nevertheless, the effect of it on cough symptoms caused by the capsaicin model was not typical in comparison with spray dried powder. Result showed that spray-dried powder did not exhibit acute oral toxicity, had antibacterial properties, reduced sputum and treated cough. This promises that it can be developed into a convenient instant tea product, supporting good health for consumers in preventing diseases.
CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF SELECTED LOCAL INDONESIAN COFFEE
Authors: ISNIDAYU ANANDYA VANESSA , SUKARTIKO ANGGORO CAHYO , AINURI MAKHMUDUN
Published: March 2022

The increase in coffee consumption for the last few years, especially for specialty coffee, becomes an opportunity to develop the local coffee market in Indonesia. In terms of developing local coffee, consumers’ sensory quality knowledge plays a vital role for coffee producer and marketer to increase sales. Taking this fact into account, the purpose of this study was to establish the quality of the sensory attributes of two selected local Indonesian coffee grown in Cianjur and Pangalengan, West Java. This study also aims to determine consumer perceptions of the attributes. Quality of the sensory attributes was evaluated by three certified panelists from the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute using cup testing method according to Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) standard, while consumer perception was studied based on gap analysis between perceived importance and performance of the sensory attributes, assessed by 35 participants. Result revealed that the coffees had passed specialty grade and customer satisfaction, indicating the great potential for their market development. However, improvements in several sensory attributes such as flavour, aftertaste, and balance still need to be done.
QUALITY EVALUATION OF IMITATION CHICKEN NUGGETS FROM GREY OYSTER MUSHROOM STEMS AND CHICKPEA FLOUR
Authors: HUSAIN H , HUDA-FAUJAN N
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of imitation chicken nuggets or ICNs formulated with grey oyster mushroom stems and chickpea flour. Four formulation of ICNs were prepared with the percentage of mushroom stems to chickpea flour were: A (60%:10%), B (55%:15%), C (50%:20%), and D (45%:25%). A commercial brand of chicken nugget was chosen as control experiment. All nuggets were analysed for nutritional and cooking properties as well as consumer preference. Results found that protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents of all ICNs were significantly lower (p<0.05) than control chicken nugget. However, the moisture, and crude fibre of all ICNs were significantly higher (p<0.05) than control chicken nugget. Results also showed that ICNs were significantly lower (p<0.05) in cooking loss but were significantly higher (p<0.05) in cooking yield and moisture retention than control chicken nugget. Hedonic test found that consumers did significantly prefer (p<0.05) control chicken nugget compared to all ICNs in attributes chicken aroma, texture, juiciness, taste, and overall acceptance as expected. The ICN B which contained 55% of grey oyster mushroom stems and 15% chickpea flour was the most preferred by consumers in term of texture, juiciness, taste, and overall acceptance compared to all ICNs. This findings suggested that grey oyster mushroom stems and chickpea flour have a great potential as alternative ingredients in ICNs formulation.
COMPARATIVE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF MALAYSIAN FERMENTED SHRIMP PRODUCTS
Authors: ILYANIE H. Y , HUDA-FAUJAN N. , IDA MURYANY M. Y.
Published: March 2022

Two different types of fermented shrimps locally known as belacan and cincaluk are amongst the most common fermented products consumed in Malaysia. Proximate composition of these products were analysed which include moisture, ash, protein, and fat. Total carbohydrate was calculated using difference of the value of each nutrient. Water activity, salt concentration, pH, and colour of each product were also measured for both fermented shrimp product. Results revealed that cincaluk has higher moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate content, and water activity but lower content of sodium and pH value in comparison to belacan. The results for both products are also comparable with the other types of fermented shrimp products from different country, respectively
Trichoderma atroviride ISOLATED FROM MANGROVES OF THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA EXHIBITED HIGH TOLERANCE AGAINST HEAVY METAL CADMIUM
Authors: JAMALI SITI ATHIRAH MOHAMAD , BADALUDDIN NOOR AFIZA , BAHARUM SYARUL NATAQAIN , SALIM JAMILAH MOHD , AHMAD AZIZ , TAIB MARIAM
Published: March 2022

The toxicity of the heavy metal cadmium to organisms is known, with differing tolerance in different organisms. The ability of fungi to survive in sites polluted with heavy metals has led to its mechanism of heavy metal tolerance being widely investigated. However, little work has addressed cadmium tolerance in fungi isolated from mangroves, the heavy metal basin. Therefore, this study was carried out to isolate fungi and investigate their tolerance towards cadmium. Samples used were obtained from the mangroves in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Aquatic fungal isolates were selected for cadmium- tolerance screening, in the range of 0 to 0.5 mM. The identification of the most tolerant fungus was confirmed using the molecular approach and used further to study its tolerance in higher concentrations of cadmium. A total of 25 fungi was isolated and seven isolates were classified as aquatic fungi. Trichoderma sp. was shown to be the most tolerant towards cadmium. The sequencing result of the amplified fungal gene confirmed its identity as Trichoderma atroviride. Further tolerance test showed that the fungus survived in 3.0 mM, the highest concentration tested, although at a slower growth rate and with affected sporulation. These results can be the baseline data for further investigations on the mechanism of cadmium detoxification in T. atroviride, thus enhancing its potential as a heavy metal bioremediator.
PHYTIC ACID CONTENT AND DIGESTIBILITY OF COCONUT RESIDUES DERIVED-PROTEINS AFTER SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION BY Aspergillus awamori
Authors: MOHD-RAZALI AIZAT , MORNI MASDUKI MOHAMAD , TAIB MARIAM , AHMAD AZIZ
Published: March 2022

The growing industry of aquaculture is in demand of alternative protein sources as fish feeds. An adequate amount of digestible protein and the presence of anti-nutritional such as phytic acid factors are limiting factors in feed formulations. One alternative source of protein for fish feeds is fermented coconut residues. However, the phytic acid content, an anti-nutrient compound produced during the bioconversion or fermentation process of agriculture waste has not yet been determined. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the phytic acid content and protein digestibility of coconut residues after solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus awamori. Samples from three optimized fermentation conditions were analyzed for soluble proteins, phytic acid contents, and in-vitro digestibility activity by trypsin and pepsin. Results showed that phytic acid content in all samples were lower than 0.1 mg/g dry wt. of the sample after seven days of fermentation. The protein digestibility by trypsin (ranging from 36.54 ± 4.22 to 43.22 ± 2.46%) was higher than pepsin, where it fell within the percentage required for fish feed formulation. The findings suggested that fermented coconut residues are a highly potential alternative source of protein for fish feed formulation.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF ROOTING HORMONES ON Momordica cochinensis (GAC FRUIT) ROOT VINE CUTTINGS
Authors: HAMIDON AZIMAH , M. SHAH RAMISAH , RAZALI RAZIFAH MOHD , LOB SUHAIZAN
Published: March 2022

Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac fruit) grows as perennial climbers and dioecious plants, where it can be cultivated from seeds, root tubers, and root vine cuttings. Rooted vine cuttings are more reliable than seed propagation, which can be affected by dormancy and delay production. The application of auxin group of hormones such as Indole acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA), and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in certain concentrations shown good results in inducing root initiation faster and effective. However, experimental data and information on the plant growth hormone application on M. cochinchinensis vine cuttings propagation are not very extensive, especially in Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of IAA, IBA, and NAA on M. cochinchinensis vine cutting propagation. The design of the experiment is a randomized complete block design in a factorial experiment, with five replications. The treatments comprised three types of plant growth hormone, IAA, IBA, and NAA with 0, 500, 1000, and 3000 ppm concentrations. Data recorded were surviving rate or percentage of rooting, root numbers per rooted cutting, means of root length, length of longest root, total root length per rooted cuttings, sprouting percentage, and sprouting length. The vine cutting treated with IBA and NAA 1000 ppm has shown a considerably positive effect in root formation and sprouting.
COMPARISON OF SEVEN HOUSEKEEPING GENES EXPRESSION IN MICROALGAE (Chlorella vulgaris) GROWN UNDER NITROGEN LIMITED CONDITION
Authors: TEGA JESSREEN , SOH NOR ‘AWATIF CHE , AZMAN SITI NURUL AMIRA NOOR , SAN CHA THYE , JUSOH MALINNA
Published: March 2022

The study of the lipid synthesis pathway and the gene expression analysis of microalgae is crucial to understand more about the genes that play roles in lipid synthesis. The use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in gene expression analysis is the best choice and it necessitates housekeeping genes (HKGs) as internal standard controls. It is essential to establish stable reference genes for the proper normalization. This study aimed at evaluating the stability of seven HKGs of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris which were actin, alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, elongation factor, cyclophilin, 18S rRNA, and GAPDH that were grown under nitrogen-limited condition. C. vulgaris were grown in complete F/2 media with NaNO3 concentration of 8.82 x 10-4 M for control and 2.2 x10-4 M (25%) of NaNO3 for the nitrogen-limited condition. The cultures were grown for 28 days and RNA extraction was done at intervals of 7 days. Cycle threshold (Ct) values of control and treatment were generated from real-time PCR to evaluate the stability of HKGs. Results showed a significant stable expression of cyclophilin (28.04 ± 1.10 for control and 29.17 ± 1.06 for treatment) and GAPDH (37.23 ± 0.30 for control and 36.44 ± 0.53 for treatment). Meanwhile, other HKGs showed significant unstable expression. Thus, cyclophilin and GAPDH can be used as a reference gene of C. vulgaris for lipid production.
Inside “Chinese Democracy”: The Official Career of a Contested Concept under Xi Jinping
Authors: Holbig Heike
Published: March 2022

When the People’s Republic of China was excluded from US president Biden’s guest list for the virtual Summit for Democracy in December 2021, it reacted with a detailed self-depiction of the Chinese political system as a “Democracy That Works” to rebut US claims to be the world’s leading democracy. While the international media saw this as a surprise narrative, China’s “democratic” self-image has a long trajectory going back to the days of Mao Zedong and now elaborated more systematically under Xi Jinping. Based on a close reading of Chinese party-state documents, white papers, state media coverage, etc., this article analyzes the official career of the concept of “democracy” in Chinese Communist Party jargon and dissects the messages targeted at domestic and international audiences. It finds that the official self-depiction of “Chinese democracy” does not contradict, but rather complements the legitimation of Communist Party rule at home, buffering nationalist sentiments there. Despite its lack of persuasiveness vis-à-vis Western audiences, its underlying criticism of US democracy, and its subtle claims regarding China’s global leadership, the official vision might gain traction among other emerging powers and developing countries.
Towards Complexity Competence in Public Research Administration – A Case from the Environmental Sector in Finland
Authors: Inkeroinen Jouko
Published: March 2022

The basic elements of evidence-informed policymaking are the evaluation of existing research information, the acquisition of new research information, hearings of experts, and assessing alternative policy measures. In Finland the steering of public research is based on the procurement process where ministries are purchasers. This paper reports an interview with key persons from the structural development period of Finnish sectoral research (1990-2013). The competence needed from key actors in the steering of contract-based research is a multidimensional concept including sectoral, horizontal, and vertical components. This commissioning competence has evolved during the development period close to a complexity competence. The research management needs multidimensional knowledge, and the steering of the research requires skills in network governance and uncertainty management. Thus, it is not only research and sectoral competence that is needed from the administration, but also cross-sectoral, vertical and network management competence. The framework of the coordination and governance of complex research administration is introduced by applying the resilience concept.
Refleks Nasokardiak yang Disebabkan oleh Pemasangan Selang Nasogastrik: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Manggala Sidharta Kusuma , Napitupulu Luther , Halim Septianto
Published: March 2022

Refleks nasokardiak merupakan bagian dari refleks trigeminokardiak. Refleks nasokardiak dapat menyebabkan bradikardia dan hipotensi karena adanya manipulasi terhadap cabang nervus trigeminus yang berada pada rongga hidung. Pemasangan selang nasogastrik adalah prosedur medis yang umum dilakukan dan dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada rongga hidung, Laporan kasus ini menggambarkan adanya kejadian bradikardia, hipotensi, dan penurunan kesadaran yang terjadi segera setelah pemasangan selang nasogastrik pada seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 46 tahun dengan diagnosis pneumonia, tuberkulosis paru, sepsis, hipoksemia, dan hiperkapnia. Refleks nasokardiak harus dicurigai sebagai etiologi terjadinya refleks vagal pada pasien setelah pemasangan selang nasogastrik dan kejadian ini harus diantisipasi dengan baik terutama pada pasien dengan kondisi kritis. Dengan adanya keterbatasan referensi pada topik ini, penelitian lanjutan untuk kejadian ini perlu dilakukan.

Kata Kunci: refleks nasokardiak; refleks vagal; selang nasogastrik