bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of mussel restoration on coastal carbon cycling
Authors: Sea Mallory A. , Hillman Jenny R. , Thrush Simon F.
Published: June 2022

Increasing responsiveness to anthropogenic climate change and the loss of global shellfish ecosystems has heightened interest in the carbon storage and sequestration potential of bivalve‐dominated systems. While coastal ecosystems are dynamic zones of carbon transformation and change, current uncertainties and notable heterogeneity in the benthic environment make it difficult to ascertain the climate change mitigation capacity of ongoing coastal restoration projects aimed at revitalizing benthic bivalve populations. In this study we sought to distinguish between direct and indirect effects of subtidal green‐lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) on carbon cycling, and combined published literature with in‐situ experiments from restored beds to create a carbon budget for New Zealand's shellfish restoration efforts. A direct summation of biogenic calcification, community respiration, and sediment processes suggests a moderate carbon efflux (+100.1 to 179.6 g C m−2 year−1) occurs as a result of recent restoration efforts, largely reflective of the heterotrophic nature of bivalves. However, an examination of indirect effects of restoration on benthic community metabolism and sediment dynamics suggests that beds achieve greater carbon fixation rates and support enhanced carbon burial compared to nearby sediments devoid of mussels. We discuss limitations to our first‐order approximation and postulate how the significance of mussel restoration to carbon‐related outcomes likely increases over longer timescales. Coastal restoration is often conducted to support the provisioning of many ecosystem services, and we propose here that shellfish restoration not be used as a single measure to offset carbon dioxide emissions, but rather used in tandem with other initiatives to recover a bundle of valued ecosystem services.
Multiple stakeholders' perspectives on patient and public involvement in community mental health services research: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Sosei , Abe Makiko , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Igarashi Momoka , Shiozawa Takuma , Ogawa Makoto , Yasuma Naonori , Sato Sayaka , Miyamoto Yuki , Fujii Chiyo
Published: June 2022

Background

Patient and public involvement (PPI) has become essential in health research. However, little is known about multiple stakeholders' perspectives on the implementation of PPI in community mental health research settings. The present study aimed to qualitatively analyse multiple stakeholders' views on PPI, including potential concerns, barriers and approaches.

Methods

This study involved conducting focus group interviews and collecting qualitative data from 37 participants in multiple stakeholder groups (patients = 6, caregivers = 5, service providers = 7, government staff = 5 and researchers = 14) in the community mental health field. The data were qualitatively analysed using a data‐driven approach that derived domains, themes and subthemes related to perspectives on PPI and to specific challenges and approaches for implementing PPI.

Results

The qualitative analysis identified four domains. The ‘Positive views and expectations regarding PPI’ domain consisted of themes related to supportive views of PPI in a mental health service research setting and improvements in the quality of research and service. The ‘General concerns about PPI’ domain included themes concerning the need for non‐PPI research and tokenism, excessive expectations concerning social changes and use of evidence from PPI research, and heavy burdens resulting from PPI. The ‘Specific issues regarding the implementation of PPI’ domain consisted of four themes, including academic systems, selection methods (e.g., representativeness and conflict of interest issues), relationship building, and ambiguous PPI criteria. In particular, all stakeholder groups expressed concerns about relational equality during PPI implementation in Japan. The ‘Approaches to PPI implementation’ domain included themes such as facilitating mutual understanding, creating a tolerant atmosphere, establishing PPI support systems (e.g., training, ethics and human resource matching) and empowering patient organizations.

Conclusion

The study replicated most of the barriers and approaches to PPI reported by qualitative research in Western counties. However, utilization of evidence produced by PPI research and partnership in the PPI process may be particularly serious issues in Japan. Future PPI studies should carefully address solutions that fit each culture.

Patient or Public Contribution

A patient‐researcher was involved in all stages of this project, from development of the research topic and the protocol to manuscript preparation.
Characterization of anisotropic gas permeability and thermomechanical properties of highly textured porous alumina
Authors: Honda Sawao , Hashimoto Shinobu , Nait‐Ali Benoît , Smith David S. , Daiko Yusuke , Iwamoto Yuji
Published: June 2022

Porous alumina with a highly textured microstructure was fabricated by pulse electric current sintering (PECS) using alumina platelets. Highly oriented porous alumina with a porosity of 3%–50% was obtained by a pressure‐controlled method of PECS. The properties of the highly textured porous alumina were measured in two directions. The nitrogen gas permeance and thermal conductivity at room temperature were higher in the direction along the platelet length due to the higher continuity of pores and the connectivity of alumina platelets, respectively. The anisotropy of the thermal conductivity at room temperature was investigated and explained by the effect of grain size of platelets as well as morphology and orientation of pores. The bending strength was higher with the loading direction along the platelet thickness. The thermal shock strength was clearly different in the two directions. The difference in the thermal shock strength was investigated by the measurement of properties and thermal stress analysis.
Consent and the Right to Privacy
Authors: Mills Kevin
Published: June 2022

There is currently intense debate about the significance of user consent to data practices. Consent is often taken to legitimate virtually any data practice, no matter how invasive. Many scholars argue, however, that user consent is typically so defective as to be ‘meaningless’ and that user privacy should thus be protected by substantive legislation that does not rely (or does not rely heavily) on consent. I argue that both views rest on serious mistakes about the validity conditions for consent. User consent is sufficiently impoverished that it does not guarantee legitimacy but is not so impoverished as to be ‘meaningless’; it can legitimate data practices that are independently reasonable but not those that are exploitative. Since many valuable data practices must be consented to if they are to be legitimate (or so I argue), our privacy legislation should continue emphasizing the importance of user consent, even if auxiliary protections are also desirable.
Shame as a moral mood in medicine
Authors: Bromley Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Background & Aims: The emotional underpinnings that facilitate and complicate the practice of ethical principles like respect warrant sustained interdisciplinary attention. In this article, I suggest that shame is a requisite component of the emotional repertoire than makes respect for persons possible. Materials & Methods: I use person‐centered interview data from a sample of 54 physicians (including 35 surgeons), 60% of whom are women, to examine the emergence and endurance of shame as a mood with moral significance. Drawing on anthropologist Throop's concept of a moral mood, I explore physicians’ first‐person narratives of the endurance of shame experiences. Results: Narratives demonstrate that shame inheres in biomedical contexts that reinforce the physician's responsibilization and culpability for events beyond their control. As a persistent cognitive and affective state, mooded shame is a recursive and compulsory motive force for a physician's dynamic evolution as a moral actor. Discussion: Variably distressing, looming and commonplace, mooded shame becomes an atmospheric and imaginative mode through which physicians contemplate their responsibilities and connections to patients. Sometimes in a hypercognized manner that conceals its emotional roots, physicians link the mood of shame to their incessant efforts to fulfill responsibilities to each unique patient. Conclusion: I suggest that through reflection made possible within mooded shame, physicians develop a sense of being both accountable to and alongside patients, and I explore the ties between this position and philosophical concepts of respect.
Interventions to improve immigrant women's mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Luo Yunjie , Ebina Yasuhiko , Kagamiyama Hiromi , Sato Yoko
Published: June 2022

Aims

To identify the effectiveness of interventions for improving immigrant women's mental health and explore the role of these interventions in nursing practice.

Background

Immigrant women rearing children and living in a foreign country experience many mental health problems during pregnancy, child‐rearing, and acculturation. Mental health problems can be controlled or modified through effective practices. Few studies have examined the role of different types of interventions in alleviating these mental health issues in immigrant women in the perinatal period, and it is unclear whether such interventions are effective.

Methods

This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis checklist. Studies form December 1948–August 2021 were retrieved from four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. This systematic review's protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020210845). The data were summarised using narrative analysis.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. There were few mental health improvement interventions for immigrant women. The interventions included home visit programmes, asset‐building mental health interventions, cognitive‐behavioural interventions, nursing interventions, perinatal education interventions, and mindfulness interventions. Home visit programmes and asset‐building mental health interventions have reported positive outcomes in improving depressive symptoms and mental health.

Conclusions

There are few interventions for improving immigrant women's mental health. Most existing interventions are conducted through group education, but there are no explicit significant effects. Home visits may be an effective approach for conducting interventions to improve immigrant women's mental health. An effective nursing intervention should be developed, and more research is needed in improving immigrant women's mental health.

Relevance to clinical practice

This review provides evidence for nurses and midwives to practice appropriate and effective approaches and strategies for improving immigrant women's mental health. We suggest possible future interventions for this cohort of immigrant women in the perinatal period.
Mental health trajectories after juridical divorce: Does personality matter?
Authors: Hald Gert Martin , Wimmelmann Cathrine Lawaetz , Øverup Camilla S. , Cipric Ana , Sander Søren , Strizzi Jenna Marie
Published: June 2022

Introduction

This study investigated whether the Big Five personality dimensions were associated with mental health trajectories and/or intervention effects of a digital divorce intervention from juridical divorce to 12 months following juridical divorce. The study utilized a randomized controlled trial study design (N = 676) and measured mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression, somatization, and stress) at study inclusion (i.e., at juridical divorce) and 3‐, 6‐, and 12 months after juridical divorce. Big Five personality dimensions were measured 1 month post study inclusion.

Results

The study found that neuroticism is the personality dimension most predictive of post‐divorce mental health outcomes. Specifically, divorcees with higher neuroticism scores indicated worse mental health immediately following divorce, but their symptom levels decreased more rapidly over a 12 months period after juridical divorce compared with lower neuroticism divorcees. It is also notable that their mean scores for the mental health outcomes remained higher at all time points (3, 6, and 12 months post baseline), relative to those lower in neuroticism.

Conclusion

Findings are discussed in light of divorce‐adjustment‐theory and the stress‐buffering model.
Modeling “Remorse Bias” in probation narratives: Examining social cognition and judgments of implicit violence during sentencing
Authors: Berryessa Colleen M.
Published: June 2022

This research, utilizing semi‐structured interviews with a sample of U.S. probation officers (N = 151) and grounded theory, provides the first‐known empirical study to examine ways in which implicit cognitive processes may influence how probation officers evaluate expressions of remorse by defendants during the sentencing of violent offenses. Particularly, I develop a model by which probation officers exhibit remorse bias toward defendants with characteristics that are stereotypically associated with violence and how such bias can negatively affect officers’ pre‐sentencing reports and sentencing recommendations for such defendants. Data showed that officers exhibit remorse bias by linking certain personal and background characteristics of defendants that “signal” the potential for violence to implicit assumptions that their remorse displays are insincere through two social cognitive processes: fundamental attribution error and issues with out‐group empathy. When probation officers exhibited remorse bias via these social cognitive processes, they described crafting

negative “remorse‐based narratives” in their pre‐sentencing reports that express doubt about the authenticity of defendants’ remorse displays and use such displays to make character assessments that portray defendants as being implicitly violent. Takeaways and implications of the developed model, as well as the need to provide trainings to probation officers on remorse bias, are discussed.
Diagnostic and therapeutic application of thoracic epidural in a child with intractable cardiac arrhythmias: A case report
Authors: Ponde Vrushali Chandrashekar , Bosenberg Adrian Thomas , Lokhandwala Yash Yahya , Nagdev Tripti , Puri Kriti
Published: June 2022

A 3‐year‐old boy presented with episodes of uneasiness and transient loss of consciousness. Atrial tachyarrhythmias with rapid ventricular rate was diagnosed and initially unsuccessfully treated with oral antiarrhythmic drugs. Subsequent Holter monitoring revealed ventricular arrhythmias. Despite pharmacologic treatment, he needed numerous cardioversions. Surgical sympathectomy was planned. Initially, sympathectomy was achieved using a continuous high thoracic epidural block and was performed to ascertain the efficacy of the thoracic sympathectomy. This successfully reduced the ventricular arrhythmias and the need for antiarrhythmic agents. The epidural infusion was also used for pain relief following the subsequent surgical sympathectomy.
Mirror visual feedback during unilateral finger movements is related to the desynchronization of cortical electroencephalographic somatomotor alpha rhythms
Authors: Rizzo Marco , Petrini Laura , Del Percio Claudio , Lopez Susanna , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Babiloni Claudio
Published: June 2022

Using a mirror adequately oriented, the motion of just one hand induces the illusion of the movement with the other hand. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such a mirror phenomenon may be underpinned by an electroencephalographic (EEG) event‐related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) of central alpha rhythms (around 10 Hz) as a neurophysiological measure of the interactions among cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus during movement preparation and execution. Eighteen healthy right‐handed male participants performed standard auditory‐triggered unilateral (right) or bilateral finger movements in the No Mirror (M−) conditions. In the Mirror (M+) condition, the unilateral right finger movements were performed in front of a mirror oriented to induce the illusion of simultaneous left finger movements. EEG activity was recorded from 64 scalp electrodes, and the artifact‐free event‐related EEG epochs were used to compute alpha ERD. In the M− conditions, a bilateral prominent central alpha ERD was observed during the bilateral movements, while left central alpha ERD and right alpha ERS were seen during unilateral right movements. In contrast, the M+ condition showed significant bilateral and widespread alpha ERD during the unilateral right movements. These results suggest that the above illusion of the left movements may be related to alpha ERD measures reflecting excitatory desynchronizing signals in right lateral premotor and primary somatomotor areas possibly in relation to basal ganglia‐thalamic loops.
A Statistical Interpretation of Spectral Embedding: The Generalised Random Dot Product Graph
Authors: Rubin-Delanchy Patrick , Cape Joshua , Tang Minh , Priebe Carey E.
Published: June 2022

Spectral embedding is a procedure which can be used to obtain vector representations of the nodes of a graph. This paper proposes a generalisation of the latent position network model known as the random dot product graph, to allow interpretation of those vector representations as latent position estimates. The generalisation is needed to model heterophilic connectivity (e.g. ‘opposites attract’) and to cope with negative eigenvalues more generally. We show that, whether the adjacency or normalised Laplacian matrix is used, spectral embedding produces uniformly consistent latent position estimates with asymptotically Gaussian error (up to identifiability). The standard and mixed membership stochastic block models are special cases in which the latent positions take only K distinct vector values, representing communities, or live in the (K − 1)-simplex with those vertices respectively. Under the stochastic block model, our theory suggests spectral clustering using a Gaussian mixture model (rather than K-means) and, under mixed membership, fitting the minimum volume enclosing simplex, existing recommendations previously only supported under non-negative-definite assumptions. Empirical improvements in link prediction (over the random dot product graph), and the potential to uncover richer latent structure (than posited under the standard or mixed membership stochastic block models) are demonstrated in a cyber-security example.
POSIBILIDAD DE COEXISTENCIA SIMULTÁNEA DE ÓRDENES LEGALES DIFERENTES Y/O DIAMETRALMENTE OPUESTOS EN LA MISMA COMUNIDAD DEBIDO A LA OMISIÓN DEL ESTADO O DEBIDO A LA RESISTENCIA CULTURAL
Authors: Carvalho Ingrid Gil Sales , Vidal Juliete da Paixão , Martins Daniel Valério
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la posibilidad de coexistencia simultánea de órdenes legales diferentes y/o diametralmente opuestos en la misma comunidad. Esta es una investigación bibliográfica y documental, en la cual se consultaron libros, documentos originales, artículos científicos, monografías, disertaciones, tesis, leyes, decretos, reglamentos, informes y ordenanzas. También constituye una investigación cualitativa, para la cual se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual se realizó mediante un guión. También se optó por hacer uso del método de estudio de caso habiendo sido elegido para este propósito la Isla de Maré, ubicada en Brasil. Para esto, se descubrió que la perspectiva del pluralismo jurídico permite la concepción de la adopción de la posibilidad de coexistencia simultánea de diferentes órdenes legales y/o diametralmente opuestos a la misma localidad (comunidad), independientemente de la omisión del Estado de Derecho moderno o debido a resistencia cultural local, como ocurre con las comunidades tradicionales, grupos vulnerables, grupos étnicos, trabajadores artesanales, que experimentan conflictos sociales y legales en Brasil y en el mundo. Se dio cuenta de que el derecho crítico posmoderno debe efectuar la lucha por la emancipación del derecho mismo y del sistema legal de las comunidades tradicionales y de los grupos vulnerables y étnicos.
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL RESERVOIR MICROORGANISMS BY 16S rRNA
Authors: Karabalayeva D.Y. , Abitay A.N. , Batayeva D.S. , Sadykova D.A.
Published: June 2022

According to today's forecasts, global oil reserves may decrease over the next 50 years. Kazakhstan is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of oil resources. With modern methods, only half of the oil in the fields can be extracted. In this regard, the relevance is due to the growing interest in finding ways and means to increase oil recovery, especially to the constant use of microbiological methods.
Oil is an important source of energy and chemical raw materials. Its reserves are limited and irreplaceable. The existing methods allow us to extract up to 40-60% of geological oil reserves in the development of oil fields. One of the most urgent tasks is to create the most effective methods to increase oil production in the developed fields.
Microbiological methods used to increase oil production attract attention with their high efficiency and environmental safety, low capital intensity. In biotechnology, additional oil displacement occurs to a certain extent, these mechanisms provide both physical and chemical methods, but since the metabolites of microorganisms are formed directly in the plate openings, their impact efficiency is higher. It is impossible to master these methods without taking into account the microbiological and physico–chemical conditions in oil plates.
Development of primer sets for detection of Raspberry leaf blotch virus and Raspberry leaf mottle virus by multiplex RT-PCR
Authors: Gritsenko D. , Kerimbek N. , Kapytina A. , Pozharskiy A. , Nizamdinova G. , Taskuzhina A. , Kostyukova V. , Adilbayeva K.
Published: June 2022

More than 40 viruses and virus-like agents have been confirmed to infect Rubus species including raspberry (R. idaeus and R. occidentalis) and blackberry.  The ones of most distributed viruses among cultivated raspberries are Raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLMV) and Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLBV). The influence of these viruses on the raspberry crop yield is large and losses count in 30-50%. To detect the infected stock planting material or plants carrying infection in orchards, the sets of primer have been developed in this work. Capsid protein gene and nucleocapsid protein gene of RLMV and RLBV, respectively, were considered for design of primers. The specificity analysis confirmed absence of any off-target complementary of primers considering the nucleotide collection of NCBI. Eighty-five samples of raspberry were tested by developed primers. Four cultivars of pomological garden and one raspberry plant of wild population were positive for RLMV and RLBV, respectively. The sequencing analysis of RLMV CP and RLBV NP revealed, that homology with isolates from Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher compared to other isolates in NCBI.
Computational Investigation on the Thermal and Flow Characteristics of a Turbulent Dual Jet Impinging on a Heated Moving Surface
Authors: Rathore Sanjay Singh , Verma Suresh Kant
Published: June 2022

The present investigation explores the dynamic effects of wall motion on the turbulent flow and thermal characteristics of a dual jet. The effects of variation in Reynolds number (Re) and offset ratio (OR) on different heat transfer and flow characteristics of turbulent dual jet have also been elucidated. The Reynolds number of flow and offset ratio are considered in the range Re=10000−25000 and OR=5−13, respectively. The wall to jet velocity ratio (Uw) is varied in the range of 0−2 at an interval of 0.5. The detailed study of heat transfer from moving impingement wall has been done by considering either the isoflux or the isothermal boundary condition on the heated wall. The motion of the wall strongly affects the thermal behavior and several flow characteristics of the dual jet. The nature of the velocity profile in the vector diagram changes from parabolic to linear in the far-field region due to the motion of the wall. The dual jet flow exhibits different patterns of self-similar profiles for different values of velocity ratio. The value of maximum longitudinal velocity (Umax) at a given axial position increases with the increase in impingement wall velocity. The exhaustive parametric study of dual jet flow over a moving wall reveals the fact that the process of heat transfer from heated moving wall to fluid is more intense for the higher value of Reynolds number and offset ratio, and for isoflux boundary condition. For the moving wall case, the maximum enhancement in heat transfer with reference to the stationary wall has been found to be 45.31%.
ARKADIA—For the Innovation of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki , Asayama Tai , Furukawa Tomohiro , Tanaka Masaaki , Uchibori Akihiro , Takata Takashi , Seki Akiyuki , Enuma Yasuhiro
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the outline and development plan for “Advanced Reactor Knowledge- and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-aided design integration approach through the whole plant lifecycle (ARKADIA),” which the Japan Atomic Energy Agency has begun developing to transform advanced nuclear reactor design to meet expectations of a safe, economic, and sustainable carbon-free energy source. ARKADIA will realize AI-aided integrated numerical analysis to offer the best possible solutions for any challenge that could arise in the design and operation of a nuclear plant, including optimization of safety equipment as well as structures, systems, and components. State-of-the-art numerical simulation technologies and a knowledge base that stores data and insights from past nuclear reactor development projects and R&D are integrated with AI. In the first phase of development, ARKADIA-design and ARKADIA-safety will be constructed individually, with the first target of a sodium-cooled reactor. In a subsequent phase, everything will be integrated into a single entity that is technology inclusive and applicable not only to advanced rectors with a variety of concepts, coolants, configurations, and output levels but also to existing light-water reactors.
Constant Pressure Convection-Enhanced Delivery Increases Volume Dispersed With Catheter Movement in Agarose
Authors: Mehta Jason N. , Morales Brianna E. , Hsu Fang-Chi , Rossmeisl John H. , Rylander Christopher G.
Published: June 2022

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been extensively studied for drug delivery to the brain due to its inherent ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier. Unfortunately, CED has also been shown to inadequately distribute therapeutic agents over a large enough targeted tissue volume to be clinically beneficial. In this study, we explore the use of constant pressure infusions in addition to controlled catheter movement as a means to increase volume dispersed (Vd) in an agarose gel brain tissue phantom. Constant flow rate and constant pressure infusions were conducted with a stationary catheter, a catheter retracting at a rate of 0.25 mm/min, and a catheter retracting at a rate of 0.5 mm/min. The 0.25 mm/min and 0.5 mm/min retracting constant pressure catheters resulted in significantly larger Vd compared to any other group, with a 105% increase and a 155% increase compared to the stationary constant flow rate catheter, respectively. These same constant pressure retracting infusions resulted in a 42% and 45% increase in Vd compared to their constant flow rate counterparts. Using constant pressure infusions coupled with controlled catheter movement appears to have a beneficial effect on Vd in agarose gel. Furthermore, constant pressure infusions reveal the fundamental limitation of flow-driven infusions in both controlled catheter movement protocols as well as in stationary protocols where maximum infusion volume can never be reliably obtained.
Modeling spatial, developmental, physiological, and topological constraints on human brain connectivity
Authors: Oldham Stuart , Fulcher Ben D. , Aquino Kevin , Arnatkevičiūtė Aurina , Paquola Casey , Shishegar Rosita , Fornito Alex
Published: June 2022

The complex connectivity of nervous systems is thought to have been shaped by competitive selection pressures to minimize wiring costs and support adaptive function. Accordingly, recent modeling work indicates that stochastic processes, shaped by putative trade-offs between the cost and value of each connection, can successfully reproduce many topological properties of macroscale human connectomes measured with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we derive a new formalism that more accurately captures the competing pressures of wiring cost minimization and topological complexity. We further show that model performance can be improved by accounting for developmental changes in brain geometry and associated wiring costs, and by using interregional transcriptional or microstructural similarity rather than topological wiring rules. However, all models struggled to capture topographical (i.e., spatial) network properties. Our findings highlight an important role for genetics in shaping macroscale brain connectivity and indicate that stochastic models offer an incomplete account of connectome organization.
Representation learning in the artificial and biological neural networks underlying sensorimotor integration
Authors: Suhaimi Ahmad , Lim Amos W. H. , Chia Xin Wei , Li Chunyue , Makino Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

The integration of deep learning and theories of reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising avenue to explore novel hypotheses on reward-based learning and decision-making in humans and other animals. Here, we trained deep RL agents and mice in the same sensorimotor task with high-dimensional state and action space and studied representation learning in their respective neural networks. Evaluation of thousands of neural network models with extensive hyperparameter search revealed that learning-dependent enrichment of state-value and policy representations of the task-performance-optimized deep RL agent closely resembled neural activity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). These representations were critical for the task performance in both systems. PPC neurons also exhibited representations of the internally defined subgoal, a feature of deep RL algorithms postulated to improve sample efficiency. Such striking resemblance between the artificial and biological networks and their functional convergence in sensorimotor integration offers new opportunities to better understand respective intelligent systems.
Closed-loop additive manufacturing of upcycled commodity plastic through dynamic cross-linking
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Rahman Md Anisur , Arifuzzaman Md , Gilmer Dustin B. , Li Bingrui , Wilt Jackson K. , Lara-Curzio Edgar , Saito Tomonori
Published: June 2022

A sustainable closed-loop manufacturing would become reality if commodity plastics can be upcycled into higher-performance materials with facile processability. Such circularity will be realized when the upcycled plastics can be (re)processed into custom-designed structures through energy/resource-efficient additive manufacturing methods, especially by approachable and scalable fused filament fabrication (FFF). Here, we introduce a circular model epitomized by upcycling a prominent thermoplastic, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) into a recyclable, robust adaptive dynamic covalent network (ABS-vitrimer) (re)printable via FFF. The full FFF processing of ABS-vitrimer overcomes the major challenge of (re)printing cross-linked materials and produces stronger, tougher, solvent-resistant three-dimensional objects directly reprintable and separable from unsorted plastic waste. This study thus offers an imminently adoptable approach for advanced manufacturing toward the circular plastics economy.
Guest-induced amorphous-to-crystalline transformation enables sorting of haloalkane isomers with near-perfect selectivity
Authors: Wu Jia-Rui , Wu Gengxin , Li Dongxia , Dai Dihua , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: June 2022

The separation of haloalkane isomers with distillation-free strategies is one of the most challenging research topics in fundamental research and also gave high guiding values to practical industrial applications. Here, this contribution provides a previously unidentified solid supramolecular adsorption material based on a leggero pillararene derivative
BrP[5]L
, which can separate 1-/2-bromoalkane isomers with near-ideal selectivity. Activated solids of
BrP[5]L
with interesting amorphous and nonporous features could adsorb 1-bromopropane and 1-bromobutane from the corresponding equal volume mixtures of 1-/2-positional isomers with purities of 98.1 and 99.0%, respectively. Single-crystal structures incorporating theoretical calculation reveal that the high selectivity originates from the higher thermostability of 1-bromoalkane–loaded structures compared to its corresponding isomer-loaded structures, which could be further attributed to the perfect size/shape match between
BrP[5]L
and 1-bromoalkanes. Moreover, control experiments using its counterpart macrocycle of traditional pillararene demonstrate that
BrP[5]L
has better adsorptive selectivity, benefiting from the intrinsic free-rotation phenylene subunit on its backbone.
Selfish antibodies target auto-antigens in cancer
Authors: Reyna Ángel Garza , Griffin Gabriel K.
Published: June 2022

Auto-antibodies against MMP14 define tumor-reactive humoral responses in ovarian cancer.
Dosage of joint mobilisation for the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Wang Sizhong , Chapple Cathy M , Quinn Dusty , Tumilty Steve , Ribeiro Daniel C
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain is the most common diagnosis of shoulder pain, which ranks as the third most common musculoskeletal disorder. The first-line treatment for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain is physiotherapy, and joint mobilisation is widely used in conjunction with other modalities. The type and dosage of joint mobilisations could influence treatment outcomes for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain, although research evidence is inconclusive.

Objectives

To (1) systematically search, identify and map the reported type and dosage of joint mobilisations used in previous studies for the management of patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain; and (2) summarise the rationale for adopting a specific joint mobilisation dosage.

Methods and analysis

We will follow the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and report the results as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Two authors will independently screen and extract data from the six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus, with publication date from their inceptions to 25 August 2021. A third author will be consulted if the two authors disagree about the inclusion of any study in the review. We will summarise the results using descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this protocol. Mapping and summarising the reported type and dosage of joint mobilisations for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain from previous studies will provide a foundation for further optimal selection of type and dosage of joint mobilisations for treating patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain. The review is part of an ongoing research that focuses on joint mobilisation for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain. The results will be disseminated through presentations at academic conferences and a peer-reviewed publication.
Protocol on establishing a prospective enhanced surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases in residential aged care facilities in Central Queensland, Australia: an observational study
Authors: Hashan Mohammad Rashidul , Chapman Gwenda , Walker Jacina , Jayne Davidson Sonya , Auriac Jill , Smoll Nicolas , Kirk Michael , Akbar Delwar , Booy Robert , Khandaker Gulam
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Infectious diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity among the highly vulnerable occupants of residential aged care facilities (RACFs). The burden of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) among RACFs residents is mostly unknown and there is a lack of quality data from population-based prospective VPD surveillance in RACFs. The increasing burden of emerging and existing VPDs (eg, COVID-19, influenza, pneumococcal, pertussis and varicella-zoster) necessitates the establishment of an active enhanced surveillance system to provide real-time evidence to devise strategies to reduce the burden of VPDs in RACFs.

Method and analysis

This study proposes a prospective active enhanced surveillance that will be implemented in RACFs across the Central Queensland (CQ) region. The study aims to measure the burden, identify aetiologies, risk factors, predictors of severe outcomes (eg, hospitalisations, mortality) and impact of the existing National Immunization Program (NIP) funded vaccines in preventing VPDs in this vulnerable population. CQ Public Health Unit (CQPHU) will implement the active surveillance by collecting demographic, clinical, pathological, diagnostic, therapeutic and clinical outcome data from the RACFs based on predefined selection criteria and case report forms as per routine public health practices. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate regression analysis will be conducted to identify the predictors of morbidity and clinical outcomes following infection.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the CQHHS Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (reference number HREC/2021/QCQ/74305). This study involves data that is routinely collected as part of the surveillance of notifiable conditions under the Public Health Act 2005. The CQHHS HREC approved a request to waive consent requirements of study participants as researchers will be provided non-identifiable data. The findings from the study will be actively disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social and print media, federal, state, and local authorities to reflect on the results that may facilitate revision of policy and highlight the stakeholders, funding bodies both locally and internationally.
Collaboration between general practitioners and social workers: a scoping review
Authors: Löwe Cornelia , Mark Patrick , Sommer Samira , Weltermann Birgitta
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Aim of the study is to present an overview of collaboration structures and processes between general practitioners and social workers, the target groups addressed as well the quality of available scientific literature.

Design

A scoping review following the guidelines of the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews).

Included sources and articles

According to a pre-published protocol, three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, DZI SoLit) were searched using the participant-concept-context framework. The searches were performed on 21 January 2021 and on 10 August 2021. Literature written in English and German since the year 2000 was included. Two independent researchers screened all abstracts for collaboration between general practitioners and social workers. Articles selected were analysed regarding structures, processes, outcomes, effectiveness and patient target groups.

Results

A total of 72 articles from 17 countries were identified. Collaborative structures and their routine differ markedly between healthcare systems: 36 publications present collaboration structures and 33 articles allow an insight into the processual routines. For all quantitative studies, a level of evidence was assigned. Various measurements are used to determine the effectiveness of collaborations, for example, hospital admissions and professionals’ job satisfaction. Case management as person-centred care for defined patient groups is a central aspect of all identified collaborations between general practitioners and social workers.

Conclusion

This scoping review showed evidence for benefits on behalf of patients, professionals and healthcare systems by collaborations between general practitioners and social workers, yet more rigorous research is needed to better understand the impact of these collaborations.

Trial registration number

www.osf.io/w673q.
Evaluation of two electronic-rehabilitation programmes for persistent knee pain: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Groves-Williams Dawn , McHugh Gretl A , Bennell Kim L , Comer Christine , Hensor Elizabeth M A , Conner Mark , Nelligan Rachel K , Hinman Rana S , Kingsbury Sarah R , Conaghan Philip G
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Persistent, knee pain is a common cause of disability. Education and exercise treatment are advocated in all clinical guidelines; however, the increasing prevalence of persistent knee pain presents challenges for health services regarding appropriate and scalable delivery of these treatments. Digital technologies may help address this, and this trial will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of two electronic-rehabilitation interventions: ‘My Knee UK’ and ‘Group E-Rehab’.

Methods and analysis

This protocol describes a non-blinded, randomised feasibility trial with three parallel groups. The trial aims to recruit 90 participants (45 years or older) with a history of persistent knee pain consistent with a clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The ‘My Knee UK’ intervention arm will receive a self-directed unsupervised internet-based home exercise programme plus short message service support (targeting exercise behaviour change) for 12 weeks; the ‘Group E-Rehab’ intervention arm will receive group-based physiotherapist-prescribed home exercises delivered via videoconferencing accompanied by internet-interactive educational sessions for 12 weeks; the control arm will receive usual physiotherapy care or continue with their usual self-management (depending on their recruitment path). Feasibility variables, patient-reported outcomes and clinical findings measured at baseline, 3 and 9 months will be assessed and integrated with qualitative interview data from a subset of Group E-Rehab and My Knee UK participants. If considered feasible and acceptable, a definitive randomised controlled trial can be conducted to investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of one or both interventions with a view to implementation in routine care.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial was approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 5 (Reference: 20/WS/0006). The results of the study will be disseminated to study participants, the study grant funder and will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN15564385.
CAN Bus Intrusion Detection Based on Auxiliary Classifier GAN and Out-of-distribution Detection
Authors: Zhao Qingling , Chen Mingqiang , Gu Zonghua , Luan Siyu , Zeng Haibo , Chakrabory Samarjit
Published: June 2022

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a ubiquitous bus protocol present in the Electrical/Electronic (E/E) systems of almost all vehicles. It is vulnerable to a range of attacks once the attacker gains access to the bus through the vehicle’s attack surface. We address the problem of Intrusion Detection on the CAN bus and present a series of methods based on two classifiers trained with Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) to detect and assign fine-grained labels to Known Attacks and also detect the Unknown Attack class in a dataset containing a mixture of (Normal + Known Attacks + Unknown Attack) messages. The most effective method is a cascaded two-stage classification architecture, with the multi-class Auxiliary Classifier in the first stage for classification of Normal and Known Attacks, passing Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples to the binary Real-Fake Classifier in the second stage for detection of the Unknown Attack class. Performance evaluation demonstrates that our method achieves both high classification accuracy and low runtime overhead, making it suitable for deployment in the resource-constrained in-vehicle environment.
Performance Evaluation of Aggregation-based Group Recommender Systems for Ephemeral Groups
Authors: Ceh-Varela Edgar , Cao Huiping , Lauw Hady W.
Published: June 2022

Recommender Systems (
RecSys
) provide suggestions in many decision-making processes. Given that groups of people can perform many real-world activities (e.g., a group of people attending a conference looking for a place to dine), the need for recommendations for groups has increased. A wide range of Group Recommender Systems (
GRecSys
) has been developed to aggregate individual preferences to group preferences. We analyze 175 studies related to
GRecSys
. Previous works evaluate their systems using different types of groups (sizes and cohesiveness), and most of such works focus on testing their systems using only one type of item, called Experience Goods (EG). As a consequence, it is hard to get consistent conclusions about the performance of
GRecSys
. We present the aggregation strategies and aggregation functions that
GRecSys
commonly use to aggregate group members’ preferences. This study experimentally compares the performance (i.e., accuracy, ranking quality, and usefulness) using
four
metrics (Hit Ratio, Normalize Discounted Cumulative Gain, Diversity, and Coverage) of
eight
representative
RecSys
for group recommendations on ephemeral groups. Moreover, we use two different aggregation strategies, 10 different aggregation functions, and two different types of items on two types of datasets (EG and Search Goods (SG)) containing real-life datasets. The results show that the evaluation of
GRecSys
needs to use both EG and SG types of data, because the different characteristics of datasets lead to different performance.
GRecSys
using Singular Value Decomposition or Neural Collaborative Filtering methods work better than others. It is observed that the Average aggregation function is the one that produces better results.
Structural Variation in Cancer: Role, Prevalence, and Mechanisms
Authors: Cosenza Marco Raffaele , Rodriguez-Martin Bernardo , Korbel Jan O.
Published: June 2022

Somatic rearrangements resulting in genomic structural variation drive malignant phenotypes by altering the expression or function of cancer genes. Pan-cancer studies have revealed that structural variants (SVs) are the predominant class of driver mutation in most cancer types, but because they are difficult to discover, they remain understudied when compared with point mutations. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of somatic SVs, discussing their primary roles, prevalence in different contexts, and mutational mechanisms. SVs arise throughout the life history of cancer, and 55% of driver mutations uncovered by the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project represent SVs. Leveraging the convergence of cell biology and genomics, we propose a mechanistic classification of somatic SVs, from simple to highly complex DNA rearrangement classes. The actions of DNA repair and DNA replication processes together with mitotic errors result in a rich spectrum of SV formation processes, with cascading effects mediating extensive structural diversity after an initiating DNA lesion has formed. Thanks to new sequencing technologies, including the sequencing of single-cell genomes, open questions about the molecular triggers and the biomolecules involved in SV formation as well as their mutational rates can now be addressed.