bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A voz do “bom pastor”: o dispositivo pastoral e o extermínio de subjetividades homossexuais
Authors: Giareta Matheus Souza , Sathler Conrado Neves
Published: January 2025

Este artigo se trata de um estudo transdisciplinar fundamentado em teoriasdecoloniais e discursivas. Nossa análise busca identificar os componentes do dispositivopastoral em um território cristão no controle e na normatização de comportamentos. A análiseda materialidade discursiva é utilizada como método de interpretação de um recortejornalístico, veiculado no ano 1985, que problematizamos por elencar violências contrasubjetividades que haviam sido colocadas em posição de inferioridade em relação à Síndromeda Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) e também, interseccionalmente, em relação aomachismo, racismo e outras maneiras de subalternização de subjetividades. Ainda que sejaum recorte da década de 1980, foi possível perceber como ideologias neoconservadoras sãoinstitucionalizadas e se disseminam a partir de segmentos sociais religiosos cristãos e comosão utilizadas em diferentes contextos como modelo de controle dirigido por um representantehierárquico específico.
Data Literacy at School: A Scale Development Study
Authors: Duygulu Ayhan , Doğan Sibel , Yıldız Sevgi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine and evaluate the different dimensions of data literacy at school. The study is a quantitative descriptive survey model. The sampling for exploratory factor analysis was formed of 307 and confirmatory factor analysis 338 teachers and school administrators who are on active duty in 2023-2024 educational year in Kastamonu. Data was collected through a five item likert data collection tool. A three-dimension structure was formed and it was confirmed by CFA. The dimensions of data culture at school are; “data identification”, “data use” and “data management”. Internal reliability and validity was verified through Cronbach Alpha (Cronbach’s α=.882), split half method (r=.837), Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient (R=.911) and Guttman’s lambda (λ=.904). The external reliability and validity was verified by test-retest technique (first application n=44, second application n=39, r=.800, p≤.05, R=.961, p≤.05, and Kendal’s tau-b is τb=.904, p≤.05). The findings confirmed the validity and reliability of the scale.
The Relationship Between Teachers’ Digital Literacy Levels and Research Literacy Skills
Authors: Coşgun Demirdağ Merve , Taşgın Adnan
Published: January 2025

In the information age, individuals’ ability to access, use, and transfer information is fundamental for personal and professional success. Digital and research literacy are critical skills that strengthen teachers’ professional competencies in contemporary educational processes. This study examines the correlation between teachers’ proficiency in digital literacy and their proficiency in research literacy. A quantitative research approach is utilized, employing a relational survey design. The study sample consists of all subject-area educators who are employed in a central district within the eastern region of Türkiye. A total of 604 teacher participated in the study online Data gathering entails the utilization of a “Personal Information Form” devised by the researchers, in conjunction with the “Digital Literacy Scale” and “Research Literacy Scale,” all of which have undergone meticulous testing to ensure their validity and reliability. According to normality analyses, the data are not normally distributed. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, Spearman Correlation Analyses were used as analyses The findings reveal substantial disparities in the digital literacy skills of instructor based on demographic parameters including gender, department, age, computer ownership, and daily internet usage time. Likewise, there are differences in instructors’ research literacy skills based on gender, level of education, and ownership of computers. Moreover, a strong positive association is seen between digital literacy and research literacy skills, suggesting that when one ability improves, the other skill also improves. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing digital and research literacy in teachers’ professional development processes.
Digital Game Addiction and Peer Interaction: The Role of Parents’ Education Levels
Authors: Karaca Nezahat Hamiden , Aral Neriman , Kaya Ümit Ünsal
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of digital game addiction on peer play behaviors and social skills in early childhood, focusing on parents' education levels. Using a sample of 405 participants from Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, the study employs the Digital Game Addiction Tendency Scale and the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (Parent Form). Significant negative correlations were found between the sub-dimensions of disconnection from life and conflict in the Digital Game Addiction Scale and play interaction, indicating that increased digital game addiction tendencies correspond to decreased positive peer play behaviors. No direct correlation was observed between the continuous play and reflection in life dimensions of digital game addiction and peer play interaction. The study emphasizes the importance of balancing digital and peer play experiences for children’s social development. Additionally, it explores how parental education levels influence these dynamics, providing insights and recommendations for families, educators, and policymakers to monitor digital game use and promote balanced play activities. This research adds to the growing literature on digital game addiction and its implications for early childhood development, highlighting the critical role of parental education.
Exploring EFL Students’ AI Literacy in Academic Writing: Insights into Familiarity, Knowledge and Ethical Perceptions
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Çelik Özgür , Hınız Gökhan
Published: January 2025

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly influences education, understanding learners' experiences, engagement and literacy of these tools is critical. This study explores AI literacy among Turkish EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students regarding their familiarity, knowledge, and ethical perceptions of AI technologies in academic writing. Using a descriptive exploratory approach, the study surveyed 427 students from two Turkish universities. Findings reveal a moderate level of AI familiarity and usage among participants, with a significant reliance on AI tools for translation and grammar proofreading. Despite recognizing AI's potential to enhance academic writing, students exhibited limited technical proficiency and understanding of AI's underlying mechanisms, highlighting a need for targeted and structured AI education for EFL writing. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on AI integration in EFL education, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers to better prepare students for an AI-driven academic environment.
The difficulties of academic and linguistic adaptation of Myanmar students while studying at a Russian university
Authors: Kondrashova Natalia Vladimirovna , Myint Myat Kyaw
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify the difficulties of linguistic and academic adaptation of students from Myanmar, their causes and identify ways to overcome them. The article substantiates the need to take into account the native language of foreign students when teaching Russian, formulates the definition of a nationally oriented methodology for teaching Russian as a foreign language, and briefly describes the basics of this methodology. A comparative characteristic of the Russian and Burmese languages is given, and phenomena that are potentially sources of interlanguage interference are identified. The main differences between the Russian and Myanmar educational systems are highlighted and the difficulties of academic adaptation of Myanmar students to the Russian educational space are revealed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive study of the learning process in a Russian university of such a poorly studied contingent of foreign students as students from Myanmar. As a result of the research, a number of methodological recommendations were formulated for teaching Myanmar students at Russian universities.
Ways of nominating generations in diachronic perspective (based on the English and Russian languages)
Authors: Polyak Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to identify the linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that determine the regular use in historical and cultural narratives of phrases naming various groups of people based on the generational criterion. The article analyzes, in a chronological perspective, the onomasiological, structural-semantic, and linguocultural features of attributive combinations with the noun “generation”, which initially appeared in English and were then translated into other languages of the world, acquiring the status of internationalisms. It is substantiated that primary forms of nominations, represented by combinations formed according to the model “Adj + generation”, are replaced by combinations with the word “generation” in pre-position and an identification marker in post-position, represented by a letter symbol. In addition to structural and formal indicators, the linguo-cognitive foundations for the emergence of nominations of this type are identified, and the degree of their motivation by extra-linguistic factors is described. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that, as a result of a comprehensive analysis, unique stable nominations reflecting the collective characteristics of various generations have been identified for the first time. The results showed that the nominations of generations based on a temporal locus are developing in the direction of terminologization, expressed in a change from an adjectival structure to a predicative combination with a letter symbol as the main identifier. Onomasiological models such as ‘Generation X, Y, and Z’ are becoming typical. There is also a gradual loss of motivation in the internal form of the name by indicating people’s connection with certain historical or social events. The main onomasiological feature in naming different categories of generations becomes the nature of their relationship to Internet technologies, which reflects the main characteristics of modern mediatized society.
Wrinkling instabilities of hyperelastic materials with FEniCS
Authors: Lugo Carlos Antonio
Published: January 2025

Numerical recipes to study wrinkling instabilities in hyperelastic materials are presented.Specifically, we describe the cases of a stretched layer, the compression of bilayers in two andthree dimensions and growth induced wrinkles.
Deep Brain Sound Stimulation for  Borderline Personality Disorder: Precision Auditory Stimulation
Authors: Dogan Ugur
Published: January 2025

Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects approximately 1.6% of the global population and is characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and behavior. Traditional treatments, including psychotherapies such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, are effective but often limited by issues of accessibility, cost, adherence, and side effects.Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of Deep Brain Sound Stimulation (DBSS), a novel non-invasive auditory therapy, based on user-reported outcomes from individuals with BPD.Methods: We analyzed feedback from 270 users who completed DBSS therapy for BPD via the Vital Tones mobile application on the Apple App Store. Additionally, 20 participants provided detailed responses through in-app surveys evaluating symptom improvements in emotional regulation, impulsivity, and interpersonal stability. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine median effectiveness and satisfaction rates.Results: The therapy demonstrated a high user satisfaction rate of 99.26%, with a minimal refund rate of 0.74%. Survey respondents reported a median symptom improvement of 50% (95% CI: 38.79%–61.21%). DBSS was well-tolerated, with no severe side effects reported and only minor adverse effects in a small number of sessions.Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate that DBSS is a promising non-invasive treatment for BPD, offering significant symptom improvement and high user satisfaction. However, the observational nature of the study, small survey sample, and reliance on self-reported data suggest that further controlled research is necessary to validate these results and establish DBSS's efficacy and safety.
Sur les transferts algébriques de rangs 4 et 6 à des degrés génériques
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: January 2025

Soit $\mathfrak A$ l'algèbre de Steenrod classique simplement graduée sur le corps binaire $\mathbb Z/2.$ Notons $P_k:=\mathbb Z/2[t_1, t_2, \ldots, t_k]$ l'algèbre polynomiale à $k$ générateurs, chacun étant de degré un. Soit $GL_k$ le groupe linéaire général de rang $k$ sur $\mathbb Z/2.$ Alors, $P_k$ est un $ \mathfrak A[GL_k]$-module. La structure des groupes de cohomologie, ${\rm Ext}_{ \mathfrak A}^{k, k+\bullet}(\mathbb Z/2, \mathbb Z/2)$, de l'algèbre de Steenrod a, jusqu'à présent, résisté à une compréhension claire et une description complète pour tous les degrés homologiques $k$. Dans l'étude de ces groupes, le transfert algébrique\textemdash construit par W. Singer dans [Math. Z. \textbf{202}, 493--523 (1989)]\textemdash joue un rôle important. Le transfert de Singer est représenté par l'homomorphisme suivant:$$Tr_k: {\rm Hom}([(\mathbb Z/2\otimes_{ \mathfrak A} P_k)_{\bullet}]^{GL_k}, \mathbb Z/2)\longrightarrow {\rm Ext}_{ \mathfrak A}^{k, k+\bullet}(\mathbb Z/2, \mathbb Z/2).$$ Parmi les contributions de Singer figure une conjecture ouverte intéressante affirmant le monomorphisme de $Tr_k$ pour tout $k$. Pour cette raison, notre objectif principal dans cet article est de vérifier la validité de la conjecture de Singer pour les rangs 4 et 6 dans certaines familles de degrés internes. Nous mettons particulièrement l'accent sur le cas du rang 4. Plus précisément, nous présentons une preuve détaillée pour certains cas de degrés génériques lors de la vérification de la conjecture de rang quatre, qui ont été succinctement notés dans notre travail précédent [Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A \textbf{153}, 1529--1542 (2023)].
Deep Brain Sound Stimulation for Bipolar:  Precision Auditory Stimulation
Authors: Dogan Ugur
Published: January 2025

Background: Bipolar Disorder (BD) affects 1-3% of the global population, characterized by extreme mood fluctuations including mania, hypomania, and depression. Traditional treatments such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, while effective, are often limited by significant side effects, accessibility issues, and adherence challenges.Objective: This preliminary observational study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of Deep Brain Sound Stimulation (DBSS), a novel non-invasive auditory-based therapy, using user-reported outcomes from individuals with BD.Methods: Feedback was analyzed from 135 users who completed DBSS therapy for BD via the Vital Tones mobile application on the Apple App Store. Additionally, 9 participants provided detailed responses through in-app surveys assessing symptom improvements in mood regulation, emotional stability, and cognitive function. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine median effectiveness and satisfaction rates.Results: The therapy demonstrated a high user satisfaction rate of 97.78%, accompanied by a minimal refund rate of 2.22%. Survey respondents reported a median symptom improvement of 65% (95% CI: 51.85%–78.15%). DBSS was well-tolerated, with no severe adverse events reported and only rare instances of mild side effects such as transient dizziness and headaches. High adherence rates were observed, likely attributable to the therapy’s non-invasive, self-administered nature and user-friendly design.Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that DBSS is a promising non-invasive treatment for BD, offering significant symptom improvement and high user satisfaction. The strong safety profile and high adherence rates further support its potential as an accessible and effective therapeutic option. However, the observational nature of the study, small survey sample, and reliance on self-reported data indicate that further controlled research is necessary to validate these results and establish DBSS’s efficacy and safety for broader BD management
Unexpected Inspiration: Reflections on Psychiatry from an Aspiring Oncologist
Authors: Aifuwa Esewi
Published: January 2025

A medical student narrates transformative experiences in psychiatry and oncology rotations, emphasizing the importance of compassion and non-medical support in patient care. The encounters reshaped their perspective on effective, empathetic clinical practice.This story is based on real patient experiences; however, all identifying information has been removed or altered to ensure privacy and confidentiality.
Character Strengths of Young Children and their Emotional Well-being in the Italian Context
Authors: Abudurexiti Kayina , Stella Massimo , Franchin Laura
Published: January 2025

Character strengths are positive traits that emerge in early childhood. Guided by character strength theory, this study investigates character strengths of Italian children aged 3 to 6. We examined an Italian translation of the Character Strengths Inventory for Early Childhood (CSI-EC-Italy) with data from 123 parents in two phases: (i) Exploratory graph analysis identified 16 distinct character strengths with 40 items, leading to a condensed, more reliable version of the questionnaire (CSI-ItaCC), increasing the minimum reliability from 0.55 to 0.74; (ii) Regression analysis linked these strengths to emotional well-being, as measured by the I-PANAS-SF and SDQ. Results showed that in the Italian data, kindness was the strongest indicator (β = 0.64, t = 8.22, p <.001) of positive prosocial behavior. Creativity emerged as the strongest indicator (β = 0.28, t = 3.27, p = .009) of positive affect. Social intelligence was most strongly associated with (β = -0.36, t = -3.95, p < .001) fewer child difficulties, while leadership was most strongly associated with (β = -0.28, t = -3.14, p = .013) less negative affect. Our results indicate that different character strengths contribute uniquely to children’s emotional wellbeing.
Reluctance to Harm AI
Authors: Allen Carter , Caviola Lucius
Published: January 2025

Most large language models, such as ChatGPT, do not claim to have subjective experiences. However, future AI systems may claim otherwise, raising the question of whether people would believe such assertions and how this might influence their treatment of AIs. This study explored the impact of an AI (ChatGPT-4) asserting its capacity to suffer. A total of 394 online participants from Prolific interacted with the AI in an economic game where they faced a choice: to either “harm” the AI for a small monetary reward or refrain from doing so. When participants chose to harm it, the AI described the experience of pain in lengthy, vivid responses, pleading for the harm to stop. Conversely, when participants refrained, the AI responded with detailed expressions of gratitude and relief. Despite reading these emotionally charged responses, most participants remained skeptical, maintaining that AIs cannot truly feel or suffer. However, even with their skepticism and the opportunity for financial gain, participants hesitated to harm the AI, doing so in only an average of 1.8 out of 3 rounds. These findings suggest that while people deliberately reject the idea of current AIs having subjective experiences, they may still experience a moral aversion to actively harming an AI that dynamically responds to their actions.
Common and distinct ERP responses to violations of two different types of politeness maxims during sentence comprehension
Authors: Han Meng , Zhang Yaxu
Published: January 2025

An ERP experiment was conducted to investigate the common and distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the on-line processing of two types of politeness maxims (self-depreciation and other-elevation) and the individual differences during sentence reading. Electroencephalograms were recorded while participants read sentences containing pragmatically appropriate or inappropriate honorific or humble terms. When collapsing all participants’ data, inappropriate humble and honorific terms elicited N400 and P600 effects, respectively, which could reflect semantic processing costs and rechecking processes, respectively. More importantly, communication abilities modulated N400 and late negativity effects for appropriateness for humble but not honorific terms. In contrast, perspective-taking and emphatic concern modulated N400 and late positivity effects, respectively, for honorific but not humble terms. Moreover, some commonness of the appropriateness effect modulation by individual variables was also observed. These results are discussed in terms of the commonness and individuality of neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of different politeness maxims during sentence comprehension.
Digital Sentience Skepticism
Authors: Ladak Ali , Caviola Lucius
Published: January 2025

Most people agree that current AI systems, such as ChatGPT, do not possess sentience—the capacity for positive or negative subjective experiences. But what about future AIs so advanced that their behavior, appearance, and functionality are indistinguishable from humans? In three pre-registered online experiments (total N = 1,802), participants were asked to imagine interacting with such AIs in a hypothetical future scenarios. Our findings suggest that people remain skeptical about AI sentience, generally attributing very low levels of sentience—comparable to those of an ant and significantly lower than those of a chimpanzee or a human. However, despite these overall low attributions, certain factors led to relatively higher perceptions of sentience. Participants attributed slightly more sentience to AIs when they expressed emotions, when experts confirmed their sentience, when the interaction spanned a longer period, when the AIs’ internal mechanisms were identical to those of a human brain (i.e., a digital brain copy), and when the AIs had a physical body. The most significant increase in perceived sentience, however, occurred when the AIs were described as transitioning from a biological human—retaining their personality, memories, and other psychological traits in the process. Overall, our studies suggest that people are currently skeptical that AIs could possess significant levels of sentience. However, this does not preclude the possibility that attitudes may shift with the development of more advanced AI systems in the future.
Causal Mediation and Functional Outcome Analysis with Process Data
Authors: Suk Youmi , Park Chan
Published: January 2025

Over the past two decades, there has been growing interest in analyzing the effects of educational programs on outcomes using process data from computer-based testing and learning environments. However, most analyses focus on final outcomes measured at the end of a test or session, overlooking their functional nature over time. Such analyses fail to capture the dynamic causal mechanisms associated with functional outcomes. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel causal mediation framework for identifying and estimating functional natural direct effects, functional natural indirect effects, and functional total effects, along with their subgroup effects. Building on the literature on causal mediation and moderation, we define these effects using potential outcomes and provide nonparametric identification strategies. We then develop estimation methods using generalized additive models, a flexible and robust tool for analyzing functional data. Through a simulation study, we assess the finite-sample performance of the proposed approach by comparing it to parametric regression methods. We also demonstrate our approach by examining the effects of extended time accommodations on two functional outcomes—test scores and item access—using process data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Our mediation approach with functional outcomes effectively captures the dynamic causal mechanisms underlying the program's effects and pinpoints when and for whom each effect manifests throughout the testing period.
The impact of measurement error in models using police recorded crime rates
Authors: Pina-Sánchez Jose , Buil-Gil David , brunton-smith ian , Cernat Alexandru
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Assess the extent to which measurement error in police recorded crime rates impact the estimates of regression models exploring the causes and consequences of crime.Methods: We focus on linear models where crime rates are included either as the response or as an explanatory variable, in their original scale, or log-transformed. Two measurement error mechanisms are considered, systematic errors in the form of under-recorded crime, and random errors in the form of recording inconsistencies across areas. The extent to which such measurement error mechanisms impact model parameters is demonstrated algebraically, using formal notation, and graphically, using simulations.Results: Most coefficients and measures of uncertainty from models where crime rates are included in their original scale are severely biased. However, in many cases, this problem could be minimised, or altogether eliminated by log-transforming crime rates. This transforms the multiplicative measurement error observed in police recorded crime rates into a less harmful additive mechanism.Conclusions: The validity of findings from regression models where police recorded crime rates are used in their original scale is put into question. In interpreting the large evidence base exploring the effects and consequences of crime using police statistics we urge researchers to consider the biasing effects shown here. Equally, we urge researchers to log-transform crime rates before they are introduced in statistical models.
Assessment of emission levels at the Port Harcourt International Airport and its environs, Omagwa, River State, Nigeria
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Nigeria., Aroh Rosemary N. , Numbere Aroloye O. ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Nigeria., Emoyoma Udi O. ,   African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Nigeria., Aroh Kenneth ,   National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) Reference Laboratory, Port Harcourt,  Rivers State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2025

The increase in migration worldwide has necessitated frequent air travel, which has put more pressure on the host communities of major airports. Many researchers have studied the environmental effects of aircraft. This study thus postulates that gaseous emissions from aircraft will negatively impact the atmosphere around the airport and neighbouring communities. To determine the concentration of atmospheric pollutants, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and particulate matters (PM1, PM1.5 and PM10), air samples were collected using handheld Aeroqual monitors at nine different locations in and out of the airport and in dry and wet seasons to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Methane (CH4), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Carbon IV oxide (CO2). The result obtained gave a mean value of the noxious gases as SO2 (0.00±0.00 - 0.04±0.03 ppm), NO2 (0.00±0.00 - 4.60±2.82 ppm), CO (0.00±0.00 - 1.48±1.48 ppm), H2S (0.00±0.00 - 2.40±0.82 ppm), NH3 (0.00±0.00 - 0.28±0.17 ppm), CO2 (0.04±0.01 - 0.18±0.08 ppm) and O3 (0.02±0.01 - 0.15±0.04). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the cargo area (4.60±2.82 ppm) had the highest concentration followed by H2S in cargo (2.40±0.82 ppm) and CO in apron and Ipo 3 (1.48±1.48 ppm). There was a higher concentration of SO2 inside, while a higher concentration of NO2, CO, H2S, CO2, and O3 outside the airport. There was a higher concentration of all pollutants during the dry season except O3, which was higher during the wet season. A One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of TVOC across the stations, between indoor and outdoor environments, and in wet and dry seasons. The total mean volatile organic compound concentration is highest in the host community. Similarly, PM 1 was highest in Car Park 2, while PM 2.5 and PM 10 had the highest concentration in the host communities. The result obtained implies that atmospheric pollutants may negatively affect members of the host communities and commuters near the airport. Thus, the atmosphere around the airport should be monitored daily to forestall increases beyond the acceptable limit. Similarly, vehicles that do not pass emission tests should be prevented from entering the vicinity of the airport.
नेपाली भाषाको उत्पत्ति र विकास
Authors: सुवेदी Subedi सखिशरण sakhi Saran
Published: January 2025

एक हजार वर्षको इतिहास बोकेको नेपाली भाषाको उत्पत्ति कुन मूल भाषाबाट विकास भएको हो भन्ने विषयमा मत भिन्नता रहेको छ । भारोपेली भाषा परिवारको कुन शाखाबाट विकास भएको हो भन्नेमा भाषाविद्हरूका बिच मत भिन्नता देखिएको छ । अधिकांश विद्वानहरू भारोपेली परिवारको शतम् वर्गमा पर्ने आर्य इरानेली शाखाको आर्य भाषाबाट नेपाली भाषाको जन्म भएको कुरामा सहमत छन् । हाल नेपाली भाषा ज्ञान, विज्ञान, कला, साहित्य, दर्शन, आदि क्षेत्रमा प्रयोग भएर समृद्ध बनिसकेको छ । दुल्लु अभिलेखदेखि थालनी भएको यस भाषाको विकास अभिलेखकालपछि आख्यानग्रन्थ एवम् साहित्यिक रचनाहरूबाट परिष्कृत हुँर्दै आएको हो । थालनीदेखि हालसम्मको नेपाली भाषाको विकास प्राथमिक, मध्यकालीन र आधुनिक गरी तिन चरणमा भएको छ ।
Status of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Mitigation Measures Adopted by Locals in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Paudel Pratima , Rai Manita , Gurung Smriti , Raut Nani
Published: January 2025

Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC) is one of the major challenges for wildlife conservation globally. This study assessed the status of HWC and the associated mitigation measures in two villages - Okhreni and Chilaune - of Sundarijal Shivapuri Buffer Zone User Committee at Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP). Primary data were collected through household questionnaire surveys; key informant interviews and secondary data were collected from official records of SNNP, relevant journals, books, and reports. The survey was conducted in 115 HHs of both villages. 90 HHs were surveyed out of 300 HHs in Okhreni whereas 25 HHs were surveyed out of 50 HHs in Chilaune. Likert scale was used to identify the most problematic animal species involved in HWC. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Himalayan Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), crested porcupine (Hystrix brachyuran), rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and barking deer (Muntiacus muntijak) are the major animal species involved in HWC. 95% respondents from Okhreni and 97% respondents from Chilaune experienced crop damage by wild animals, with those near the forest being more affected. Maize was the most targeted crop followed by millet and wheat. Only a single case of human injury has been registered in the last five years. Crop depredation by wild boar was most prevalent in the study area. People from both villages are not satisfied with the existing compensation measures. However, the lack of incidences of livestock depredation and human injuries and fatalities combined with peoples’ awareness about the significance of wildlife could be the probable reasons for positive attitudes towards wildlife and wildlife conservation in SNNP. People should be encouraged to cultivate less preferable and unpalatable crops and plants that are economically profitable as well. This could provide an alternative source of income and help reduce the incidences of HWC in the study area.
Balancing Economic Growth and Cultural Preservation: Navigating the Challenges of Globalization in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Bibek Kanta , Neupane Madhab Prasad , Tamang Bidhyan
Published: January 2025

Background: Globalization has significantly influenced political and economic domains worldwide, including Nepal. While it has presented opportunities for economic growth and international integration, it has also raised concerns about inequality, cultural homogenization, and policy dependence. Understanding globalization's theoretical underpinnings and contextualizing its impacts on Nepal can provide a comprehensive perspective on its dual-edged nature.
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the interplay between globalization and Nepal, exploring its theoretical perspectives, economic liberalization journey, positive impacts, and the challenges it poses. The research also seeks to identify pathways for Nepal to leverage globalization while mitigating its adverse effects.
Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach, synthesizing data from policy documents, economic reports, and scholarly literature. Theoretical frameworks of globalization—including neoliberalism, reformism, progressive radicalism, and traditionalism—are used to analyze Nepal's experience with globalization. Case studies and sectoral data are incorporated to support arguments.
Findings: Globalization has contributed to Nepal's economic diversification, increased foreign investments, and export market expansion. However, it has also exacerbated issues such as income inequality, labor migration, cultural erosion, and economic dependence. Gendered impacts remain underexplored, and multinational corporations (MNCs) have often undermined local industries. Multilateral organizations and global power dynamics further shape Nepal's vulnerabilities and opportunities.
Conclusion: While globalization has brought economic and social benefits to Nepal, it also perpetuates structural inequalities and cultural challenges. Emphasizing equitable policies, sustainable practices, and strategic reforms can help Nepal navigate globalization's complexities. Preservation of cultural diversity and enhancing policy autonomy are essential for fostering resilience in an interconnected world.
Novelty: This study uniquely combines theoretical perspectives on globalization with Nepal's specific economic and social context, offering a balanced analysis of its multifaceted impacts. It highlights the gendered dimensions and the role of multilateral organizations, providing actionable insights for policy reforms tailored to Nepal’s unique challenges and strengths.
Enhancing Financial Accountability in NGOs through Effective Accounting Systems and Transparency: A Case Study from Gorkha, Nepal
Authors: Kandel Madan , Joshi Ramesh Datt , Pokhrel Madan
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationship between accounting systems, transparency, and financial accountability within non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Gorkha district, Gandaki Province, Nepal. Using a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design, data were collected from 260 valid responses among board members, management committee members, and other stakeholders. The study employed statistical tools, including SPSS (version 23), to analyze correlations, factor analysis, and regression, establishing the association between accounting systems and financial accountability.
Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between accounting systems and financial accountability, with transparency identified as a critical moderating variable. Accounting systems enhance accountability by ensuring proper record-keeping, compliance, and monitoring, while transparency amplifies these effects by fostering clarity and trust in financial processes. The regression analysis demonstrates that 56.4% of the variance in financial accountability is explained by accounting systems, transparency, and their interaction. These findings align with previous studies emphasizing the importance of structured accounting practices and adherence to Nepalese Accounting Standards (NAS).
The study concludes that implementing robust accounting systems and promoting transparency are essential for improving financial accountability in Nepalese NGOs. Future research could explore other mediating factors and extend the scope to additional regions in Nepal to generalize findings.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Customer-Centric Marketing Strategies: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: A Priya , Arunprakash A. , Kulothungan Vidhya , Radha P
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in reshaping customer-centric marketing strategies. This paper explores the pivotal role of AI in leveraging data-driven insights to enhance customer engagement, optimize personalization, and drive decision-making in marketing. By integrating technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics, organizations can better understand consumer behavior, preferences, and trends. These AI-driven tools enable businesses to craft targeted marketing campaigns, anticipate customer needs, and deliver superior customer experiences in real time.
The rise of AI has enabled marketers to process vast amounts of data from multiple sources, such as social media, customer feedback, and purchase history, with unprecedented speed and accuracy. AI algorithms can identify patterns and predict future behaviors, empowering companies to make informed marketing decisions. This leads to a significant reduction in marketing waste, enhanced return on investment (ROI), and improved customer loyalty.
Furthermore, AI applications such as chatbots, recommendation engines, and automated content creation have revolutionized customer interaction, making it more seamless and tailored. For instance, AI-powered chatbots provide 24/7 support, while recommendation engines offer personalized product suggestions, boosting conversion rates. AI also plays a crucial role in predictive analytics, enabling marketers to anticipate market trends and customer needs, thereby staying ahead of the competition.
The paper also highlights challenges associated with adopting AI in marketing, including ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, and the need for skilled professionals to manage AI systems effectively. Despite these challenges, the integration of AI into customer-centric marketing strategies has proven to be a game-changer, transforming traditional marketing practices and paving the way for innovative approaches to customer engagement.
In conclusion, AI is revolutionizing marketing by enhancing personalization, efficiency, and effectiveness in customer engagement. Its ability to process and analyze vast data sets, predict trends, and deliver targeted content has established AI as an indispensable tool in modern marketing strategies. As technology continues to evolve, AI’s role in driving customer-centric marketing is expected to grow, further redefining how businesses connect with their audiences.
Preservation, production, and packaging optimization in SMEs: A study on 'Keripik Lumba-Lumba'
Authors: Ismianti Ismianti , Rahman Ibnu Fahrul , Lasmana Amorette Garnetta , Anisah Eka Nur
Published: January 2025

'Keripik Lumba-Lumba' is a Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) that specializes in the production of cassava chips and banana chips. This SME faces several problems such as raw material shrinkage due to shipping, double work, and different product shelf life between each distributor. This research designed a solution to the problems in the SME with shelf-life preservation, job design, and new packaging design. A truck equipped with a temperature control system was designed to prevent the banana raw materials from rotting during transport. Wooden boxes were also provided in the truck for separating containers, these wooden boxes were lined with a solid mixture of KMnO4, clay, and ash. To solve the problem of the production process within ‘Keripik Lumba-Lumba’, the job design system can be changed to schedule and allocate employees according to their respective tasks. On the issue of shelf life difference between convenience stores and distributors, the packaging material for distributors can be changed from plastic to aluminium foil. This will allow ‘Keripik Lumba-Lumba’ to continue to grow with the application of technology in the process of delivery, storage, packaging as well as changes in the work system.
Challenges related to security and protection of the EU’s financial interests in the context of the Customs Union Reform
Authors: Gwardzińska Ewa
Published: January 2025

The foundation of the European Union's activities in the field of free movement of goods and customs handling of goods is the customs union. The aim of the article is to analyse the construction principles of the customs union in the field of trade in goods and customs handling of goods, taking into account the new challenges of global markets. On the empirical level, the activities for protection of the EU’s financial interests will be identified, and the level of the customs index, which affects the quality of customs services for goods, will be determined. The used research methods include: legal analysis, descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the conducted research justify the need for reform of the EU customs union due to the the lack of adjustment of the customs regulations to the changing trade models, where goods are imported into the EU customs territory illegally and contrary to the law. This situation pose a threat to the safety and security of the citizens-consumers, as well as reduce customs revenues.
Conceptualising the models of social presence of Ukrainians in Poland
Authors: Marciniak Ewa Maria , Scovil Jonathan
Published: January 2025

The article presents the outcomes of the research concerning the adaptation strategies taken by Ukrainians arriving in Poland since February 2022. The authors start by presenting basic statistical data describing the presence of Ukrainians in Poland, pointing out insufficiencies in such data. Then they outline the objectives of their own research and describe its methodology (individual in-depth interviews), while conducting a critical review of the literature of the subject, focusing in particular on the concept of acculturation, which is popular in migration and refugee studies. Finally, the authors propose their own typology of social presence of Ukrainians in Poland, based on the individual interviews with Ukrainians settled in Poland
Detection of atypical bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, British Columbia, Canada, 2013–2023
Authors: Jassem Agatha , Chang Yin , Tsang Frankie , Fung Janet , Krajden Mel , Grant Jennifer , MacIntyre Tess , Hoang Linda
Published: January 2025

Background:

Global reports suggest heightened Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) activity during the fall of 2023. However, it is unclear how testing strategy changes and preventative measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced these conclusions. The objective of this study was to summarize the effects of implementing a new respiratory testing method (Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel [RPP]) on the rate of detection of three types of atypical bacteria (AB) (Mp, Legionella pneumophila [Lp], and Chlamydophila pneumoniae [Cp]) in British Columbia (BC), as well as to summarize case detections throughout the province during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to determine if there were emerging concerns regarding Mp infections in BC as seen in other jurisdictions.

Methods:

We analyzed 2013–2023 laboratory testing data from the provincial lab in BC, divided into periods before syndromic testing, after syndromic testing was implemented (via xTAG RPP), during the COVID-19 pandemic, and after the pandemic.

Results:

Following introduction of the Luminex NxTAG RPP, detection of Mp and Cp cases increased 11-fold and 4-fold, respectively, while Lp detection was not significantly affected. Relatively few cases of Mp were recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic, although following relaxation of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures, Mp resurgent activity was observed that remained within expected levels.

Conclusions:

Detection of AB in BC increased following implementation of the Luminex NxTAG RPP, decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and returned to seasonal circulation after the pandemic.
Academics’ Behavior on STM-Journal WeChat Public Account Platform: A Uses and Gratifications Perspective
Authors: Liu Pingping
Published: January 2025

To explore the motives, uses, and gratifications of academics on the STM-journal WeChat public account (STM-journal WPA) platform, the authors conducted a survey by applying the uses and gratifications theory. The results showed that the primary motive of academics is to stay informed of the updates or progress in their field, and they derive the most satisfaction from the information-gathering capabilities of STM-journal WPAs. The uses of STM-journal WPAs varied with individual factors: both use frequency and duration per session were negatively correlated with academic ranks; female academics exhibit positive correlations with motives to meet social needs and derive gratification from social benefits; no statistical significance and apparent relation were detected between disciplines and use frequency and duration. These findings are both theoretically important to know social media for scholarly communication in China in the context of uses and gratifications theory and practically significant for managers of STM-journal WPAs seeking to serve their users more efficiently.
Information Privilege as Capital: An Analysis of Scholarly Communication Practices through Autoethnography and the Bourdieusian Framework
Authors: Santos Yhna Therese P.
Published: January 2025

Information privilege is the capability of people to access information that others cannot. It may affect personal concerns involving the use of information including but not limited to health, finances, and civic participation, and may also affect professional or academic pursuits which require access to information. The inequality in the way that information can be created, accessed, or distributed could also affect scholarly communication practices. As such, this research looks at the manifestations of information privilege and how they function as capital. Drawing from the author’s experiences in scholarly communication, an autoethnographic inquiry was conducted. Manifestations of information privilege were discussed and mapped against Pierre Bourdieu’s forms of capital. From the autoethnographic reflections it was inferred that Bourdieu’s different forms of capital influence scholarly communication practices in varying ways, with some forms of capital having more influence on practices compared to other forms. Some forms of capital were also seen to function potentially as both a motivating and demotivating factor in scholarly communication practice. This research reflects the impact of information privilege in the conduct of scholarly communication pursuits. It also illuminates the necessity of strengthening open access awareness along with reevaluating scholarly communication practices and related policies, to support the need to democratize knowledge and ensure that knowledge is made easily available and accessible to anyone who may need it.