bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interferometric imaging of the type IIIb and U radio bursts observed with LOFAR on 22 August 2017
Authors: Dabrowski Bartosz , Mikuła Katarzyna , Flisek Paweł , Vocks Christian , Zhang PeiJin , Magdalenić Jasmina , Warmuth Alexander , Morosan Diana E. , Froń Adam , Fallows Richard A. , Bisi Mario M. , Krankowski Andrzej , Mann Gottfried , Błaszkiewicz Leszek , Carley Eoin P. , Gallagher Peter T. , Zucca Pietro , Rudawy Paweł , Hajduk Marcin , Kotulak Kacper , Sidorowicz Tomasz
Published: November 2022

Context.The Sun is the source of different types of radio bursts that are associated with solar flares, for example. Among the most frequently observed phenomena are type III solar bursts. Their radio images at low frequencies (below 100 MHz) are relatively poorly studied due to the limitations of legacy radio telescopes.

Aims.We study the general characteristics of types IIIb and U with stria structure solar radio bursts in the frequency range of 20–80 MHz, in particular the source size and evolution in different altitudes, as well as the velocity and energy of electron beams responsible for their generation.

Methods.In this work types IIIb and U with stria structure radio bursts are analyzed using data from the LOFAR telescope including dynamic spectra and imaging observations, as well as data taken in the X-ray range (GOES and RHESSI satellites) and in the extreme ultraviolet (SDO satellite).

Results.In this study we determined the source size limited by the actual shape of the contour at particular frequencies of type IIIb and U solar bursts in a relatively wide frequency band from 20 to 80 MHz. Two of the bursts seem to appear at roughly the same place in the studied active region and their source sizes are similar. It is different in the case of another burst, which seems to be related to another part of the magnetic field structure in this active region. The velocities of the electron beams responsible for the generation of the three bursts studied here were also found to be different.
Interpreting molecular hydrogen and atomic oxygen line emission of T Tauri disks with photoevaporative disk-wind models
Authors: Rab Ch. , Weber M. , Grassi T. , Ercolano B. , Picogna G. , Caselli P. , Thi W.-F. , Kamp I. , Woitke P.
Published: November 2022

Context. Winds in protoplanetary disks play an important role in their evolution and dispersal. However, the physical process that is actually driving the winds is still unclear (i.e. magnetically versus thermally driven), and can only be understood by directly confronting theoretical models with observational data.

Aims. We aim to interpret observational data for molecular hydrogen and atomic oxygen lines that show kinematic disk-wind signatures in order to investigate whether or not purely thermally driven winds are consistent with the data.

Methods. We use hydrodynamic photoevaporative disk-wind models and post-process them with a thermochemical model to produce synthetic observables for the spectral lines o–H2 1–0 S(1) at 2.12 µm and [OI] 1D2–3P2 at 0.63 µm and directly compare the results to a sample of observations.

Results. We find that our photoevaporative disk-wind model is consistent with the observed signatures of the blueshifted narrow low-velocity component (NLVC) – which is usually associated with slow disk winds – for both tracers. Only for one out of seven targets that show blueshifted NLVCs does the photoevaporative model fail to explain the observed line kinematics. Our results also indicate that interpreting spectral line profiles using simple methods, such as the thin-disk approximation, to determine the line emitting region is not appropriate for the majority of cases and can yield misleading conclusions. This is due to the complexity of the line excitation, wind dynamics, and the impact of the actual physical location of the line-emitting regions on the line profiles.

Conclusions. The photoevaporative disk-wind models are largely consistent with the studied observational data set, but it is not possible to clearly discriminate between different wind-driving mechanisms. Further improvements to the models are necessary, such as consistent modelling of the dynamics and chemistry, and detailed modelling of individual targets (i.e. disk structure) would be beneficial. Furthermore, a direct comparison of magnetically driven disk-wind models to the observational data set is necessary in order to determine whether or not spatially unresolved observations of multiple wind tracers are sufficient to discriminate between theoretical models.
Properties of self-excited pulsations in 3D simulations of AGB stars and red supergiants
Authors: Ahmad A. , Freytag B. , Höfner S.
Published: November 2022

Context. The characteristic variability of cool giants and supergiants is attributed to a combination of stellar pulsation and large-scale convective flows. Full 3D radiation-hydrodynamical modelling is an essential tool for understanding the nature of these dynamical processes. The parameter space in our 3D model grid of red giants has expanded in recent years. These models can provide many insights on the nature and properties of the pulsations, including the interplay between convection and pulsations.

Aims. We treat 3D dynamical models of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and red supergiants (with current masses 1 M⊙ ≤ M* ≤ 12 M⊙) similar to observational data. We aim to explore the relation between stellar parameters and the properties of the self-excited pulsations.

Methods. Output from global ‘star-in-a-box’ models computed with the CO5BOLD radiation-hydrodynamics code were analysed, particularly in regards to the pulsation properties, to find possible correlations with input and emergent stellar parameters. The fast Fourier transform was applied to spherically averaged mass flows to identify possible radial pulsation periods beneath the photosphere of the modelled stars. Stellar parameters were investigated for correlations with the extracted pulsation periods.

Results. We find that the pulsation periods varied with the stellar parameters in good agreement with the current expectations. The pulsation periods follow Ritter’s period-mean density relation well and our AGB models agree with period-luminosity relations derived from observations. A mass estimate formula was derived from the 3D models, relating the stellar mass to the fundamental mode pulsation period and the stellar radius.

Conclusions. While the non-linearity of the interplay between the self-excited pulsations and the self-consistent convection complicates analyses, the resulting correlations are in good agreement with respect to current theoretical and observational understandings.
An EMA-conserving, pressure-robust and Re-semi-robust method with A robust reconstruction method for Navier–Stokes
Authors: Li Xu , Rui Hongxing
Published: November 2022

Proper EMA-balance (balance of kinetic energy, linear momentum and angular momentum), pressure-robustness and Re-semi-robustness (Re: Reynolds number) are three important properties of Navier–Stokes simulations with exactly divergence-free elements. This EMA-balance makes a method conserve kinetic energy, linear momentum and angular momentum in an appropriate sense; pressure-robustness means that the velocity errors are independent of the pressure; Re-semi-robustness means that the constants appearing in the error bounds of kinetic and dissipation energies do not explicitly depend on inverse powers of the viscosity. In this paper, based on the pressure-robust reconstruction framework and certain suggested reconstruction operators in Linke and Merdon [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 311 (2016) 304–326], we propose a reconstruction method for a class of non-divergence-free simplicial elements which admits almost all the above properties. The only exception is the energy balance, where kinetic energy should be replaced by a suitably redefined discrete energy. The lowest order case is the Bernardi–Raugel element on general shape-regular meshes. Some numerical comparisons with exactly divergence-free methods, the original pressure-robust reconstruction methods and the EMAC method are provided to confirm our theoretical results.
Xenotransplantate vom Schwein – ist das Ende des Organmangels
in Sicht?
Authors: Niemann Heiner
Published: November 2022

Unter „Xenotransplantation“ wird die Übertragung von
funktionsfähigen Zellen, Geweben oder Organen zwischen verschiedenen
Spezies verstanden, insbesondere von Schweinen auf den Menschen. In den meisten
Industrieländern klafft eine große Lücke zwischen der
Anzahl geeigneter Spenderorgane und der Anzahl benötigter Transplantate.
Weltweit können nur etwa 10% des Organbedarfs durch Spenden
gedeckt werden. Eine erfolgreiche Xenotransplantation könnte diesen
Mangel mildern oder sogar weitgehend vermeiden. Das Schwein wird aus
verschiedenen Erwägungen heraus als am besten geeignete Spenderspezies
angesehen. Bei einer Übertragung porziner Organe auf Primaten treten
verschiedene immunologisch bedingte Abstoßungsreaktionen auf, die das
übertragene Organ innerhalb kurzer Zeit zerstören
können, wie die HAR (hyperakute Abstoßung), die AVR (akute
vaskuläre Abstoßung) und die spätere zelluläre
Abstoßung. Diese Abstoßungsreaktionen müssen durch
genetische Modifikationen im Schwein und eine geeignete immunsuppressive
Behandlung des Empfängers kontrolliert werden. Dazu müssen Tiere
mit mehrfachen genetischen Veränderungen produziert und im Hinblick auf
ihre Eignung für eine erfolgreiche Xenotransplantation geprüft
werden. Inzwischen können die HAR und auch die AVR durch Knockouts von
antigenen Oberflächenepitopen (z. B. αGal
[Galaktose-α1,3-Galaktose]) und transgene Expression humaner Gene mit
antiinflammatorischer, antiapoptotischer oder antikoagulativer Wirkung
zuverlässig kontrolliert werden. Nach orthotopen Transplantationen in
nicht humane Primaten konnten inzwischen mit Schweineherzen
Überlebensraten von bis zu 264 Tagen und mit porzinen Nieren von 435
Tagen erzielt werden. Eine Übertragung pathogener Erreger auf den
Empfänger kann bei Einhaltung einschlägiger
Hygienemaßnahmen ausgeschlossen werden. PERV (porzine endogene
Retroviren) können durch RNA-(Ribonukleinsäure-)Interferenz oder
Gen-Knockout ausgeschaltet werden. Sie stellen damit kein
Übertragungsrisiko für den Empfänger mehr dar. Anfang
2022 wurde in Baltimore (USA) ein Schweineherz mit 10 genetischen Modifikationen
auf einen Patienten mit schwerem Herzleiden übertragen, mit dem der
Empfänger 2 Monate offenbar ohne größere Probleme lebte.
Es wird erwartet, dass Xenotransplantate vom Schwein in absehbarer Zeit zur
klinischen Anwendungsreife kommen werden. Dazu werden klinische Versuche zur
systematischen Erfassung aller Auswirkungen solcher Transplantate auf den
Patienten sowie geeignete rechtliche und finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen
benötigt.
Chimärismusanalyse nach Stammzelltransplantation mit
hochsensitiven Methoden
Authors: Heinold Andreas , Heinemann Falko M. , Ditschkowski Markus
Published: November 2022

Mit den hochsensitiven Methoden zur Chimärismusanalyse kann ein
Rezidiv bedeutend früher prognostiziert werden. Für die
Prognose ist hierbei vor allem die Dynamik des Anstiegs im Eigenanteil
entscheidend, dies gilt auch schon für sehr niedrige Werte
(< 0,1%). KM-Proben können über
ihren variablen Eigenanteil durch Stromazellen die Erkennung einer Dynamik
im niedrigen Prozentbereich (< 1%) verschleiern und
somit das Erkennen eines Rezidives erschweren. Die frühe Erkennung
einer Dynamik in den sehr niedrigen Prozentbereichen erlaubt bei der
Anwendung der sensitiven Methoden eine Reduktion der Anzahl der KM-Proben,
was den Patienten weniger belastet. Durch zellfreie DNA und andere Faktoren
kann ein „Grundrauschen“ bei sehr niedrigen Eigenanteilen
auftreten, der diagnostische Wert von Eigenanteilen von 0,02% und
kleiner ist daher fraglich.
Bauchschmerzen aus Sicht der Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni
Published: November 2022

Bauchbeschwerden sind – nicht nur im Kindesalter – ein
häufig beklagtes Symptom mit einer sehr weiten Diversität.
Oftmals lassen sich diese nicht ausreichend durch klinische Untersuchungen und
Labordiagnostik erklären, was Patienten in die Verzweiflung treiben
kann. Daher wurden die Rom-Diagnosekriterien für funktionelle
gastrointestinale Störungen (FGID) eingeführt 1. In der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
(TCM), die eher Syndrome als Symptome betrachtet, können
Lösungen geboten werden, die zu einer suffizienten Beschwerdelinderung
führen können.
Funktionelle Bauchschmerzen im Kindes- und
Jugendalter
Authors: Wegner Mechthild
Published: November 2022

Chronische Bauchschmerzen bei Kindern sind häufig. Überwiegend
handelt es sich um funktionelle Bauchschmerzen ohne Hinweise auf eine organische
Erkrankung. Die ätiologische Einordnung ist Aufgabe des
Kindergastroenterologen. Es gilt, eine organische Erkrankung nicht zu
übersehen und Überdiagnostik zu vermeiden. Der Beitrag gibt
einen Überblick über Diagnosekriterien, wichtige
Differenzialdiagnosen, das Erklärungsmodell und Therapiekonzepte.
Herzratenvariabilität und Behandlung des vegetativen
Nervensystems
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni
Published: November 2022

Bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Körperhomöostase spielt das
vegetative Nervensystem (VNS) eine zentrale Rolle. Kommt es zu
Regulationsstörungen, sind (u.U. persistierende) körperliche
Störungen und die Entstehung von Krankheiten vorprogrammiert. Zudem ist
das VNS auch für einige Prozesse der Schmerzentstehung und -verarbeitung
verantwortlich. Die Analyse der Herzratenvariabilität kann in dem
nebulösen Bereich somatoformer Störungen über die
Darstellung vegetativer Afferenzen und Efferenzen einen diagnostischen Ansatz
bieten und somit die Behandlung erleichtern.
Vegetative Innervation des Abdomens: Immunsystem, Schmerz,
Mikrobiom
Authors: Filler Timm J. , Schnettler Sara V. , Wolf-Vollenbröker Michael
Published: November 2022

Das vegetative Nervensystem hält für die Bauchorgane mit dem
Parasympathikus und dem Sympathikus 2 zentrale und für das Darmrohr
zusätzlich mit dem Auerbach- und Meissner-Plexus 2 periphere
Versorgungseinheiten bereit. Die beiden Letzteren werden als enterisches
Nervensystem zusammengefasst, das autonom den Darm steuern kann. Diese Steuerung
ist vom Mikrobiom des Darms abhängig und für zahlreiche
Pathologien grundlegend. Die beiden extrinsischen Einheiten kontrollieren auch
das Abwehrsystem der Bauchorgane, deren Immunzellen für den direkten
Kontakt mit Aktivität modulierenden Rezeptoren ausgestattet sind. Eine
weitere wichtige Rolle der vegetativen Innervation liegt in der Nozizeption, die
als wesentlicher Regulator für Entzündungen weit mehr als nur
ein Alarmsystem ist. Bei der Nozizeption gibt es keine klare Trennung von der
Propriozeption.
The Use of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Vitiligo: An Updated Review
Authors: Castillo Encarna , González-Rosende María Eugenia , Martínez-Solís Isabel
Published: November 2022

Vitiligo is a chronic disease of unknown etiology that causes progressive cutaneous depigmentation. Current pharmacological treatments have limited success and present significant risks. Many efforts have been made in recent years to explore new anti-vitiligo therapeutic strategies, including herbal-based therapies. The objective of the present review is to provide an updated overview on the most frequently used medicinal plants in the treatment of vitiligo. A bibliographical search was carried out in scientific databases Pubmed, Scifinder, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline up to October 2021 using the descriptors vitiligo, herbal, medicinal plants, and alternative therapies. In our search, the highest number of published studies comprise plants commonly used in traditional herbal medicine, highlighting the usefulness of ethnopharmacology in the discovery of new therapeutic agents. The review outlines current understanding and provides an insight into the role of psoralens and khellin (photosensitizing agents obtained from plants such as Cullen corylifolium or Ammi visnaga). The paper also describes other traditional herbs such as Ginkgo biloba, Phlebodium aureum, Piper nigrum, Picrorhiza kurroa, and Baccharoides anthelmintica that can likewise act as potential therapeutical agents. Based on our findings, photosensitizing agents in combination with phototherapy, the association of oral Phebodium aureum with phototherapies as well as oral G. biloba in monotherapy showed greater scientific evidence as therapeutic options. The research results emphasize that further investigation in this area is merited. More long-term follow up clinical trials and higher quality randomized trials are needed.
Plädoyer für eine transtheoretische
Psychotherapie-Weiterbildung und -Praxis
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Hehlmann Miriam I. , Rief Winfried
Published: November 2022

Die Geschichte der Psychotherapie begann gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und
verlief seither eher diskontinuierlich. Es entstanden zahlreiche Verfahren bzw.
Therapieschulen (einige Zählungen gehen von weit über 100 aus) mit
eigenen psychopathologischen Konzepten, psychologischen Veränderungsmodellen
und Fachorganisationen 1. Die großen
Therapieschulen, welche aus dieser Entwicklung hervorgegangen sind, trugen
einerseits zur Etablierung des Feldes im Gesundheitssystem sowie zu Fortschritten in
der Versorgung von PatientInnen bei 2
3. Dennoch besteht bisher in keiner der
Therapieschulen ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes und klar definiertes kausales Netz
zwischen Veränderungsmechanismen und Behandlungsergebnissen 4
5. Hinderlich
ist hierbei auch ein Mangel an konkreter, nicht nur sprachlicher sondern auch
theoretischer, Abgrenzung und Operationalisierung zentraler therapeutischer
Konstrukte 6.
Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Specified Meta-Analyses
Authors: Behnam Susann , Timmesfeld Nina , Arabin Birgit
Published: November 2022

To compare the impact of lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant women a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using pre-registration and audit of the interventions as selection criteria.

PubMed, Web of Science and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials examining diet, exercise, combined interventions or associated behavioral therapy. Trials were selected if they reported one of the primary outcomes (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, perinatal mortality, admission to neonatal intensive care unit). Results were established from the total group and separately from pre-registered or clinically audited studies.

Out of 1304 titles, 28 randomized controlled trials were included. Among the primary outcomes only hypertensive disorders were significantly reduced by exercise in the total group: odds ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.96, four trials, 1324 participants). When behavioral therapy supported combined interventions, maternal weight gain, (Standardized Mean Difference −0.16 kilogram; 95% confidence interval −0.28 to −0.04, four trials, 2132 participants) and neonatal birthweight, (Standardized Mean Difference −0.4 gram; 95% confidence interval −0.62 to −0.18, five trials, 1058 participants), were significantly reduced within the total group and both specified meta-analyses. Higher frequencies of physical activity improved the results. Risk of bias, assessed with the Cochrane Tool, was low to moderate.

Elements of behavioral therapy might better prevent adverse effects of maternal obesity when combined with lifestyle interventions. Unfortunately, high heterogeneity due to different intervention and population characteristics was a limiting factor. Future studies should also focus on increased intensities of physical activity.
De-novo-thrombotische Mikroangiopathie (TMA) nach inkompatibler
AB0-Nierentransplantation
Authors: Kolb Thilo , Rump Lars Christian
Published: November 2022

Anamnese Wir berichten über einen 57-jährigen Patienten,
der in unserer Klinik zur geplanten AB0-inkompatiblen
Lebendnierentransplantation aufgenommen wurde.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose An Tag 3 post operationem bildeten sich
laborchemisch eindeutige Hinweise für eine Denovo-TMA aus. Die renale
Entgiftung stagnierte bei initialem regelrechtem Verlauf.

Therapie und Verlauf Durch den Einsatz von Eculizumab 900 mg an d3
und d10 post operationem konnten wir die TMA mit einem anhaltenden Erfolg
unterbinden.

Folgerung Zu diskutieren ist, ob ein frühzeitiger Einsatz von
Eculizumab bei V. a. De-novo-TMA ein sicherer Weg ist, eine
Transplantatdysfunktion zu unterbinden und somit die in der Literatur
beschriebene schlechte Prognose für Transplantat und Empfänger
zu verbessern.
Profound tumor response to combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibition in systemic fourth line therapy observed in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma harboring SETD2 and LRP1B mutations
Authors: Reiter Florian P. , Rau Monika , Kunzmann Volker , Kickuth Ralph , Klein Ingo , Neumann Olaf , Stenzinger Albrecht , Schirmacher Peter , Geier Andreas
Published: November 2022

Immunotherapy has become the standard of care in advanced HCC but is only approved in
first- or second-line treatment. We report a patient with HCC refractory to several lines of
tyrosine kinase inhibitors, who was treated with Ipilimumab and Nivolumab (Ipi/Nivo) as
the fourth line. The tumor responded profoundly to Ipi/Nivo. Established
biomarker-predicting responses to immunotherapy, such as a high PD-L1 staining, a high combined-positive score, microsatellite instability or a high tumor mutational burden, were not detected.
Potential negative predictive markers for response to immunotherapy such as CTNNB1 and TERT were
present. This constellation puts the spotlight on two mutations observed here in the SET
domain-containing 2 (SETD2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1b (LRP1B)
genes, which may explain the outstanding response. Our case demonstrates that immunotherapy
can be efficient in a late-line scenario, resulting in long-term survival. Further studies
should prospectively evaluate the value of SETD2 and LRP1B alterations as predictors for the
success of immunotherapy in HCC.
Donor-Site Satisfaction of DIEP and Latissimus Dorsi Flaps—A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Löfstrand Jonas , Paganini Anna , Lidén Mattias , Hansson Emma
Published: November 2022

Background Understanding of donor-site morbidity and satisfaction after breast reconstruction is limited. There are few previous studies comparing satisfaction with different donor sites in breast reconstruction. This study aimed to examine the long-term patient-reported satisfaction with the donor site of latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps in comparison to the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps. Further, a systematic review of previously published studies was conducted.

Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, all women who underwent breast reconstructions with either LD or DIEP flap following mastectomy and radiotherapy between 2007 and 2017 were included; patient-reported satisfaction was assessed using the BREAST-Q reconstruction module. For the systematic review, studies examining patient-reported abdominal satisfaction and well-being, and meeting the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) criteria were included.

Results Eligible and responding participants were divided into the LD (n = 135 patients) and DIEP (n = 118 patients) flap groups. Impairment due to muscular weakness of the donor site was more common in the LD group than that of the DIEP group. Bulging was common in the DIEP group and increased over time. Regarding the esthetic appearance of the donor site, the patients in the DIEP group were less satisfied than the LD group. The systematic review showed that most of the patients were dissatisfied with their abdomen after the operation.

Conclusion Patients who have undergone DIEP flap for breast reconstruction are less satisfied with the donor-site esthetics than those who have undergone LD flap. Patient-reported abdominal bulging was common in the DIEP group and the number seemed to increase over time. Most patients were not satisfied with their abdominal scarring postoperatively, as per the systematic review. These results may indicate a need for more nuanced preoperative patient information, as well as improvements in the surgical management of the donor site, for DIEP flap reconstructions.
Nurse Managers' Opinions of Information System Support for Performance Management: A Correlational Study
Authors: Saranto Kaija , Koponen Samuli , Vehko Tuulikki , Kivekäs Eija
Published: November 2022

Background Current information systems do not effectively support nurse managers' duties, such as reporting, resource management, and assessing clinical performance. Few performance management information systems are available and features in many are scattered.

Objectives The purpose of the study was to determine nurse managers' opinions of information system support for performance management.

Methods An online questionnaire was used to collect data from nurse managers (n = 419). Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression were used to examine the relationships between variables, which were nurse managers' ability to manage resources, to report and evaluate productivity, and to assess nursing performance and clinical procedures.

Results More than half of the managers used performance management systems daily. Managers (60%) felt that they can use information systems to follow the use of physical resources, and in general (63%), they felt that it is easy to perform searches with the systems used for following up activity. Nurse managers' ability to manage resources, to report productivity, and to assess nursing care performance were correlated significantly with each other.

Conclusion Currently, managers have to collect data from various systems for management purposes, as system integration does not support performance data collection. The availability of continuous in-service training had a positive effect on information system use.
Fused λ5-Phosphinines: Design, Syntheses, and Properties
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Ohta Hidetoshi , Fujimoto Shion
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of several heterocycle-fused λ5-phosphinines through intramolecular cyclization is described. The incorporation of a heteroatom affected their photophysical properties through perturbation of the LUMO level, which is in good contrast to the HOMO-based tuning by the C-4 substituent. The C-3-substituent-based property tuning provides a new guide to designing phosphinine-based fluorophores.
Powered versus Cold Instruments in Rhinoplasty: A Perspective
Authors: Winkler Andrew A.
Published: November 2022

Rhinoplasty surgeons must continually strive to refine and improve their results. Improvement may be borne out of new surgical techniques, alternative perioperative medicines, or through the application of new technologies. One technology that has recently gained popularity are piezoelectric osteotomes (POs). These instruments offer a powered alternative to the traditional chisel osteotome. This article provides a history of these two modalities, reviews the most recent data surrounding piezoelectric osteotomy, and provides a framework to compare the pros and cons of each osteotomy option.
Metamaterial slows light for quantum computing
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: November 2022

On-chip microwave waveguide with coupled superconducting qubits retards light by a factor of 1500.
Design study of an edge current density diagnostic using new high-performance single-channel beam emission spectrometers at DIII-D
Authors: Albosta R. , Geiger B. , McKee G. , Den Hartog D. , Schellpfeffer J. , Gallenberger T. , Stewart S. , Dux R.
Published: November 2022

A novel Motional Stark Effect spectroscopy system has been designed for application at the DIII-D tokamak. The system is optimized for studies of the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field in the plasma pedestal region with frame rates of up to 10 kHz. Light from an existing high-photon-throughput collection lens is analyzed using four single-channel f/2.8 Czerny–Turner spectrometers that use custom-made lens systems instead of mirrors. Each spectrometer has two separate outgoing legs and is operated in a positive grating order, which allows for simultaneous observations of D-alpha and D-beta spectra. Forward modeling using the code FIDASIM shows a radial resolution of the system close to 0.6 cm and sufficiently good spectral resolution when masking the high throughput light collection lens in the horizontal direction to avoid overly strong Doppler broadening of beam emission lines. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity study considering realistic levels of readout and photon noise shows that the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field strengths can be inferred with an uncertainty of less than 1%, which will allow the inference of changes of the plasma current during transient events.
First results of fast visible imaging diagnostic in Aditya-U tokamak
Authors: Kumawat Devilal , Tahiliani Kumudni , I Suresh , Pathak S. K. , Pandya Santosh P. , Kumar Sameer , Daniel Raju , Tanna R. L. , Ghosh Joydeep , Nagora Umesh , Gupta Manoj K. , Kumar Rohit , Jadeja Kumarpalsinh , Aich Suman
Published: November 2022

A Fast Visible Imaging Diagnostic (FVID) system, measuring the visible light emission spectrum (400–1000 nm) from tokamak plasma, has been installed on the Aditya-U tokamak to monitor the two-dimensional dynamics of the poloidal cross section of the plasma. In this work, we present the design and installation of the FVID system on the Aditya-U tokamak. The evolution of plasma and plasma–wall interactions is described. The signature of the runaway electron beam in visible imaging and its correlation with other diagnostics is presented. The estimation of the electron cyclotron resonance layer position during pre-ionization is also discussed in this work.
A Fundamental Equation of State for the Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties ofn-Octane
Authors: Beckmüller R. , Span R. , Lemmon E. W. , Thol M.
Published: November 2022

An empirical equation of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy is presented for n-octane. It is valid from the triple-point temperature 216.37 K to 650 K with a maximum pressure of 1000 MPa and allows for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties in the vapor and liquid phase, in the supercritical region, and in equilibrium states. In the homogeneous liquid phase, the uncertainty in density is 0.03% at atmospheric pressure. For pressures up to 200 MPa and temperatures between 270 and 440 K, density is described with an uncertainty of 0.1%. Outside this region, the uncertainty in the liquid phase increases to 0.5%. Densities in the vapor phase are estimated to be accurate within 0.5%. The uncertainty in vapor pressure depends on the temperature range and varies from 0.02% to 0.4%. Speed of sound in the liquid phase at temperatures below 500 K is described with an uncertainty of 0.1% or less. The isobaric heat capacity in the liquid phase can be calculated with an uncertainty of 0.1% and in the gas phase with 0.2%. A reasonable physical behavior of the equation of state was ensured by the analysis of numerous thermodynamic properties.
Loading a relativistic Kappa distribution in particle simulations
Authors: Zenitani Seiji , Nakano Shin'ya
Published: November 2022

A procedure for loading particle velocities from a relativistic kappa distribution in particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations is presented. It is based on the rejection method and the beta prime distribution. The rejection part extends earlier method for the Maxwell–Jüttner distribution, and then the acceptance rate reaches ≳95%. Utilizing the generalized beta prime distributions, we successfully reproduce the relativistic kappa distribution, including the power-law tail. The derivation of the procedure, mathematical preparations, comparison with other procedures, and numerical tests are presented.
Theoretical investigation of the nanoinclusions shape impact on the capacitance of a nanocomposite capacitor
Authors: Bordo V. G. , Ebel T.
Published: November 2022

A first-principles theoretical approach to the effective dielectric permittivity of a nanocomposite, which contains nanoinclusions dispersed in a host dielectric enclosed between two parallel metallic electrodes, is developed. The inclusions are modeled by spheroids, and their response to the external electric field is found using the point dipole approximation and Green’s function approach. As a result, besides the mutual interactions between the induced dipoles, the local field in the nanocomposite contains also a contribution from the dipole field reflected from the capacitor electrodes. It is shown that the nanocomposite dielectric permittivity is determined by an average inclusion polarizability density, and its dependence on the aspect ratio and orientations of inclusions is found analytically and investigated. The theoretical predictions derived in the paper are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data and can be used for a proper design of nanocomposite capacitors.
Perspective on muon-spin rotation/relaxation under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Khasanov Rustem
Published: November 2022

Pressure, together with temperature, electric, and magnetic fields, alters the system and allows for the investigation of the fundamental properties of matter. Under applied pressure, the interatomic distances shrink, which modifies the interactions between atoms and may lead to the appearance of new (sometimes exotic) physical properties, such as pressure-induced phase transitions; quantum critical points; new structural, magnetic, and/or superconducting states; and changes of the temperature evolution and symmetry of the order parameters. Muon-spin rotation/relaxation (μSR) has proven to be a powerful technique in elucidating the magnetic and superconducting responses of various materials under extreme conditions. At present, μSR experiments may be performed in high magnetic field up to ∼9 T, temperatures down to ≃10–15 mK, and hydrostatic pressure up to ∼2.8 GPa. In this Perspective, the requirements for μSR experiments under pressure, the existing high-pressure muon facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland), and selected experimental results obtained by μSR under pressure are discussed.
Large refrigerant capacity in superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles embedded in a thin film matrix
Authors: Sarkar Kaushik , Shaji Surabhi , Sarin Suchit , Shield Jeffrey E. , Binek Christian , Kumar Dhananjay
Published: November 2022

A magnetocaloric effect (MCE) with sizable isothermal entropy change (ΔS) maintained over a broad range of temperatures above the blocking temperature is reported for a rare earth-free superparamagnetic nanoparticle system comprising of Fe–TiN heterostructure. Superparamagnetic iron (Fe) particles were embedded in a titanium nitride (TiN) thin film matrix in a TiN/Fe/TiN multilayered pattern using a pulsed laser deposition method. High angle annular dark-field images in conjunction with dispersive energy analysis, recorded using scanning transmission electron microscopy, show a clear presence of alternating layers of Fe and TiN with a distinct atomic number contrast between Fe particles and TiN. Quantitative information about the isothermal entropy change (ΔS) and the magnetocaloric effect in the multilayer Fe–TiN system has been obtained by applying Maxwell relation to the magnetization vs temperature data at various fields. With the absence of a dynamic magnetic hysteresis above the blocking temperature, the negative ΔS as high as 4.18 × 103 J/Km3 (normal or forward MCE) is obtained at 3 T at 300 K.
Temperature-independent non-linear terahertz transmission by liquid water
Authors: Millon Célia , Schmidt Johannes , Ramos Sashary , van Dam Eliane P. , Buchmann Adrian , Saraceno Clara , Novelli Fabio
Published: November 2022

Liquid water is one of the most studied substances, yet many of its properties are difficult to rationalize. The uniqueness of water is rooted in the dynamic network of hydrogen-bonded molecules with relaxation time constants of about one picosecond. Terahertz fields oscillate on a picosecond timescale and are inherently suited to study water. Recent advances in non-linear terahertz spectroscopy have revealed large signals from water, which have been interpreted with different, sometimes competing, theoretical models. Here, we show that the non-linear transmission of liquid water at ∼1 THz is equal at 21 and 4 °C, thus suggesting that the most appropriate microscopic models should depend weakly on temperature. Among the different mechanisms proposed to date, the resonant reorientation of hydrogen-bonded water molecules might be the most appropriate to describe all of the currently available experimental results.
Enhanced horizontal mobility of a coalesced jumping droplet on superhydrophobic surfaces with an asymmetric ridge
Authors: Gao Sihang , Hu Zhifeng , Wu Xiaomin
Published: November 2022

Enhancing the horizontal mobility of coalesced droplets on a plane could promote droplet jumping. Here, we achieve enhanced horizontal mobility of a coalesced jumping droplet on superhydrophobic surfaces with an asymmetric ridge and investigate the underlying mechanism through experiment and simulation. Results indicate that the coalesced droplet accelerates during the coalescence-induced jumping stage and gains horizontal velocity during the rebound stage. The nondimensional horizontal velocity can reach 0.47, which is about 2.3 times the jumping velocity on the plane. Depending on the height-to-width ratio of the asymmetric ridge, the ratio of the horizontal velocity to the fallen velocity when the fallen droplet makes contact with the ridge is 0.55–0.75. Furthermore, the coalesced droplet can still obtain considerable horizontal velocity on superhydrophobic surfaces with an asymmetric ridge when the initial droplet radius is unequal. This work provides new insights for improving droplet jumping by surface structure in related fields.
Compton sequence estimation based on the deep learning method
Authors: Jo A. , Kim Y. , Lee W.
Published: November 2022

Determining the sequence of Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption events for a Compton camera system through timing information is difficult due to the finite timing resolution of radiation detectors. The conventional method compares the energies of two sequential events and determines the order of these events. The deep learning method can estimate the sequence of Compton scattering followed by the photoelectric effect better than the conventional method because it determines the sequence based on both energy and positional information of the radiation interaction. The initial information of the deep learning models is the position and energy information, and the input data are then processed in the nodes of the hidden layers. In this study, the performance of deep learning models for Compton sequence estimation and the effect of position information on these methods were investigated. The accuracies of the deep learning method and the conventional comparison method were compared. The weights connecting each node were analyzed to evaluate the effects of position and energy information to determine the Compton sequence.
Fully nonlinear numerical investigations on the dynamics of fluid resonance between multiple bodies in close proximity
Authors: Song Zhiwei , Lu Lin , Cheng Liang , Liu Yong , Tang Guoqiang , Lou Xiaofan
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional wave-induced fluid oscillations in two narrow gaps are numerically investigated in the time domain. The arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element model for free-surface flow problems is implemented based on the fully nonlinear potential flow theory. The aim of this study is to study the dynamic evolutions of gap resonance problems with focusing on both the initial transient and the final quasi-steady states, especially for the piston-mode oscillations of fluid bulk in multiple gaps that generally involve multiple response components and the nonlinear dynamic interactions between them. The transient and quasi-steady responses are examined through amplitude and phase analyses. The radiation damping and the time-dependent period-averaged phase adjustment are demonstrated to play significant roles in establishing the dynamic equilibrium process from the transient state to the quasi-steady state. The characteristics of the intrinsic synchronization modes of the quasi-steady oscillations allow us to derive the simplified formulas to predict the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies of the two-gaps system (two degrees-of-freedom) based on a simplified model of one degree-of-freedom. The predictive formulas provide useful insights into the dependence of resonant/anti-resonant frequencies on the relevant geometries of floating bodies. Significant nonlinear hardening stiffness behaviors of fluid responses between multiple bodies in close proximity are further demonstrated by different incident wave amplitudes. The effects of incident wave amplitudes on the amplitudes of responses and higher order harmonics are found to be highly dependent on the frequency bands. The contributions of the higher-order harmonics on the overall responses are explained utilizing the Fourier transformations analysis.
Mechanistic study on modification of convective internal boundary layer by spanwise surface motion
Authors: Zhao Ming-Xiang , Yang Dandan
Published: November 2022

Modification of a convective internal boundary layer (IBL) by spanwise motion of a warm surface is investigated by imposing different surface moving speeds in the present study. Our analysis shows that the spanwise surface motion reduces the Reynolds shear stress right after the increase in the surface temperature in the convective IBL. The maximum decreasing rate of the Reynolds shear stress is found to be approximately 75% at the largest moving speed of the warm surface considered in the manuscript. Due to the reduction of the Reynolds shear stress, the vertical momentum transport is fundamentally altered, and the mean flow accelerates immediately after the increase in the surface temperature. By scrutinizing the instantaneous and conditional averaged flow fields as well as the pre-multiplied energy spectra, we have attributed the reduction of the Reynolds shear stress to the suppression of the near-surface velocity streaks and quasi-streamwise vortices, and the delayed growth of the convective structures, such as thermal plumes. Our investigation suggests that the developments of the convective IBL can be influenced by a strong spanwise motion of the warm surface, which should be taken into consideration in the prediction model for practical applications.
A characterization of plasma properties of a heterogeneous magnetized low pressure discharge column
Authors: Mehrpour Bernety Hossein , Houriez Luc S. , Rodríguez Jesse A. , Wang Benjamin , Cappelli Mark A.
Published: November 2022

An approach is presented for characterizing heterogeneous magnetized plasma discharge tubes through the scattering of electromagnetic plane waves. Here, we formulate the analytical problem of electromagnetic scattering from a gyrotropic plasma column. The scattering accounts for the heterogeneous composition of the cylindrical discharge plasma and facilitates determining its propensity for gyrotropic scattering, particularly when electron collisional damping may be prevalent. The analytical results are validated using computational simulations. Scattered fields from the magnetized plasma are measured experimentally, and, by comparing the analytical and experimental results, the unknown parameters of the discharge, i.e., characteristic plasma and electron collisional damping frequencies, are determined. The technique is relatively straight-forward to use and removes the need for commercial computational electromagnetic simulations when experimental data on scattering characteristics of such cylindrical discharge plasmas are available.
Influence of afterburn reaction on the underwater explosion of aluminized explosives
Authors: Shan Feng , He Yong , Wang Han-cheng , Gao Zhan-bo , Chen Peng , Fang Zhong , Pan Xu-chao , Jiao Jun-jie
Published: November 2022

There is confinement of a bubble that provides a long time for the afterburn reaction of aluminum (Al) additives when aluminized explosives explode in water, and the information of the reaction is reflected by the dynamic behaviors of a bubble. In this study, the energy partition of RDX-based aluminized explosives with different Al content was obtained in an underwater explosion experiment, and the influence of an afterburn reaction on the bubble accelerating expansion, decelerating expansion, and contraction was revealed. It found that the pressure in these stages was changed with different Al content, leading to the variation in the reaction process of Al that releases the afterburn energy. Based on the analysis of the afterburn reaction of full stages, the afterburn reaction process in accelerating expansion was in agreement with that in metal acceleration of a cylinder test and the afterburn reaction mechanism in high pressure was validated; the afterburn reaction characteristics in decelerating expansion and contraction stage were obtained and the reaction mechanism of low pressure was developed. This research is significant to optimize the contribution of the afterburn reaction to explosion performance of aluminized explosives.
Receptivity-orientated drag reduction of twin cylinders by steady leading-edge suction control based on adjoint method
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Bingchao , Tse K. T.
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the drag reduction of two tandem square cylinders under steady suction control at Reynolds numbers 50–200. The position where the suction flow should be placed is determined by using a receptivity analysis based on the adjoint method, and we investigate how control affects the fluid force and flow structures. High-order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD) is applied to analyze the dynamic coherence modes and uncover the underlying control mechanism. The adjoint modes show that the regions of maximum receptivity to momentum forcing are localized on each side of the up-cylinder (UC) near the leading edge (LE). Thus, the suction flow is placed on the LE. The drag can be significantly reduced at wide gap distances, especially for the co-shedding regime. Under suction flow control, the separation is suppressed near the LE, and the gap vortices are no longer fed by the vorticity generated by the separated shear layer; they only result from the trailing-edge separation, which weakens and shrinks. Subsequently, the interaction between the gap flow and the down-cylinder (DC) is weakened, which reduces the drag and lift forces. The decrease in drag exceeds 66.4% for the UC and reaches 81.6% for the DC. The fluctuating reduction in the lift for the UC (DC) exceeds 59.0% (75.7%). HODMD results show that, as the suction flow velocity increases, the LE suction flow modifies the local time-averaged modes rather than the global mode energy. Conversely, the dynamic mode energy decreases significantly, whereas the mode shape remains unchanged except for a phase shift.