bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventricular Assist Devices: Preparing for Catastrophic Environmental Events
Authors: Bartell Lisa A.
Published: January 2017

In the summer of 2004, Florida experienced 4 major hurricanes in a matter of weeks. These hurricanes left many Floridians without power and passable roads, interrupted communications, and destroyed some homes. During this time, Tampa General Hospital had 1 patient living at home with an implanted ventricular assist device. The patient had been discharged home only 2 weeks before hurricane Frances hit hard. Although the patient was able to stay at home and experienced no major problems with the device, there were several situations that taught us many lessons about caring for patients with ventricular assist devices during environmental catastrophic events.
The Efficacy of Coil Embolization at the Dissection Site of Ruptured Dissecting Vertebral Aneurysms
Authors: Kurata A. , Yamada M. , Ohmomo T. , Hirayama H. , Suzuki S. , Miyasaka Y. , Irikura K. , Fujii K. , Kitahara T.
Published: January 2017

Proximal occlusion of the parent artery has been widely used for treatment of vertebral dissecting ruptured aneurysms, but this does not always completely prevent re-rupture. In this series, the efficacy of occlusion at the dissection site using detachable coils was compared with proximal balloon occlusion.

Over a five year period, 25 patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage with dissecting vertebral aneurysms were treated by endovascular surgery. The first three of these 25 patients were treated with proximal balloon occlusion of the parent artery. The remainder underwent platinum coil occlusion at the affected site as early as possible after the diagnosis.

In two of the three cases treated with proximal balloon occlusion, clipping or coating surgery were added because of progressive dissection. In all 22 cases of coil embolization, the intervention was successfully performed without complication. In one case with a dissection involving bilateral vertebral arteries, minor rebleeding from a contralateral dissection occurred after embolization. In the other 21 cases, rebleeding was not apparent (clinical follow-up: mean 24 months). Radiological findings showed complete occlusion of the dissection site and patency of the non affected artery (follow-up: mean ten months).

We conclude that detachable platinum coil embolization at the dissection site is more effective than proximal occlusion for treatment of ruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysms because of immediate cessation of blood flow to the dissection site. However, in cases with bilateral dissections or hypoplastic contralateral vertebral arteries, preceding bypass surgery or stent treatment to preserve the affected vertebral artery may be needed.
The Accuracy and Usefulness of 3D-DSA and 3D-CT Angiography for Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Ishida F. , Kawaguchi K. , Mizuno M. , Hoshino T. , Murao K. , Taki W.
Published: January 2017

For evaluation of intracranial cerebral aneurysms, three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D-computed tomographic angiography (CTA) were demonstrated in fifteen patients. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative 3DCTA is equal to that of 3D-DSA except for the case with a dissecting aneurysm. The virtual images of 3D-CTA were well correlated with surgical findings. In endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, 3D-DSA had an obvious advantage in obtaining the best working angle of the C-arm. The major branches originating from the dome were depicted on 3D-DSA in two cases that could not be judged on 3D-CTA. The aim of the present study was to verify the difference between 3D-DSA and 3D-CTA for evaluation of intracranial aneurysms.
Intraarterial Thrombolysis with r-tPA for Treatment of Anterior Circulation Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Baltacioğlu F. , Afşar N. , Ekinci G. , Tuncer-Elmaci N. , Çimşit N Çagatay , Aktan S. , Erzen C.
Published: January 2017

To investigate factors effecting the safety and recanalization efficacy of local intraarterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) delivery in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Eleven patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke were treated. The neurological status of the patients were graded with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). All patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) examination at admission. In addition four patients had diffusion-weighted and one patient had a perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Patients were treated within six hours from stroke onset. Immediate, six hours, and 24 hours follow-up CT examinations were performed in order to evaluate the haemorrhagic complications and the extent of the ischemic area. The Rankin Scale (RS) was used as an outcome measure.

Two of the 11 patients had carotid “T” occlusion (CTO), nine had middle cerebral artery (MCA) main trunk occlusion. Four patients had symptomatic haemorrhage with a large haematoma rupturing into the ventricles and subarachnoid space. Of these, three patients died within 24 hours. The remaining seven patients had asymptomatic haematomas that were smaller compared to symptomatic ones, and showed regression in size and density on follow-up CTs. At third month five patients had a good outcome and three patients had a poor outcome.

In acute ischemic stroke, local IA thrombolysis is a feasible treatment when you select the right patient. Haemorrhage rate does not seem to exceed that occuring in the natural history of the disease and in other treatment modalities.
Computer Simulation of Flow Dynamics in Paraclinoidal Aneurysms
Authors: Kobayashi N. , Miyachi S. , Okamoto T. , Kojima T. , Hattori K. , Qian S. , Takeda H. , Yoshida J.
Published: January 2017

Endovascular treatment, which is very useful method especially for paraclinoidal aneurysms, has the limitations of coil compaction and recanalization, which are difficult to predict. We tried to understand flow dynamic features, one of the important factors of such problems, using computer flow dynamics (CFD) simulations. CFD simulations were made in paraclinoidal aneurysm model of different size and protruded directions. Flow patterns, flow velocities and pressure are analyzed. Although the pressure on the aneurismal orifice is highest in the aneurysm protruding vertically - upward, the flow velocity is highest in the superior-medial protruding one. Significant difference is not observed in either flow patterns, flow velocities or pressures on the aneurismal orifices between the sizes of aneurismal sac. Among paraclinoidal aneurysms, an aneurysm protruding to superior-medially receives the most severe haemodynamic stresses at the orifice and the aneurysm size does not cause significant differences in the aspect of flow dynamics. It should be considered in the treatment of such aneurysms.
Intimal Thickening after Placement of a Neuroform Stent
Authors: Lee D.H. , Arat A. , Morsi H. , Diaz O. , Jou L.-D. , Mawad M.E.
Published: January 2017

Little attention has been given to the intimal thickening of the parent artery associated with the use of Neuroform stent. The purposes of this study were are to analyze quantifyanalyze the incidence of the parent artery intimal thickening the incidence and pattern of luminal changes, to to see somedetermine possible predictors of the phenomenonof the intimal thickening, to to evaluate the its effectthe phenomenonrestenosis on the aneurysm treatment results.

We reviewed the initial and six-month follow-up angiographic images in 32 intracranial aneurysm patients treated with Neuroform stent and coilsin wide-necked aneurysm treatment. The initial embolization results were evaluated by the Raymond and Roy classification. The angiographic changes from immediate post-embolization to the six-month follow-up were classified as ‘improved’, ‘unchanged’ and ‘worse’. The occurrencerates of parent artery intimal thickening was observed. Any perceivable change in the stented segment of the parent artery was considered as ‘intimal thickening’ and any change of ≥50% as ‘significant thickening’. Fisher exact tests and logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the relation between the occurrence of the intimal thickening and several variables.

The incidence of the intimal thickening was 18.8% (6/32) and of significant thickening, 3.1% (1/32). The change in angiographic occlusion of the aneurysm was ‘improved’ in 40.6% (13/32), ‘unchanged’ in 37.5% (12/32), and ‘worse’ in 21.9% (7/32). Among the variables, patient's age (≥55) and follow-up angiographic results (‘improved’) correlated with the occurrence of the intimal thickening. Of notable finding was all six cases with intimal thickening of the parent artery were associated with ‘improved’ in their follow-up angiographic result.

Neuroform-associated intimal thickening usually occurs in younger patients and is frequently associated with improved angiographic result of the aneurysm embolization on follow-up.
Vascular Interventional Neuroradiology in a Country with a Small and Scattered Population Twenty Years' Experience in Norway
Authors: Nakstad Per Hj.
Published: January 2017

Experience with neuroradiological endovascular therapy in a small country is presented. Five Norwegian university hospitals are currently performing coiling of cerebral aneurysms and three are embolizing cerebral arteriovenous malformations. The small number of procedures in most of these institutions may threaten the quality of treatment, education of neuroinradiologists, research and scientific work in this field. An even greater concern might arise in the field of neurosurgery after the reduction in surgical procedures following the increasing takeover by endovascular procedures. The safety during transportation of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage has been debated and is considered by some as a problem, but earlier experience from Nordic countries does not support this concern.

Reducing the number of centres performing these procedures seems necessary to obtain adequate patient safety and an ethical practice.
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Osteomyelitis: Link to Osteoclast Generation and Bone Resorption
Authors: Gaida M.M. , Mayer B. , Stegmaier S. , Schirmacher P. , Wagner C. , Hänsch G.M.
Published: January 2017

Chronic and persistent inflammatory processes in bones may lead to severe erosions with consequent functional impairment sometimes requiring amputation of the limb. To explore the relationship between inflammation and bone erosion, biopsies of patients with osteomyelitis due to arterial occlusive disease or to diabetes mellitus were examined (n=31). Histologically, inflammation and bone erosion were confirmed. In the eroded bones the number of osteoclasts correlated with the abundance of infiltrated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), which were highly activated as shown by expression of MHC class II. For functional characterisation of the infiltrating PMN, patients with implant-associated osteomyelitis, a condition associated with persistent bacterial infection and bone destruction, were recruited. The cells were recovered from infected sites and examined ex vivo. These PMN expressed MHC class II and produced interleukin (IL)-8, a further indication of PMN activation. To assess a possible link between infiltrating PMN and bone erosion, we tested the effect of IL-8 on osteoclast generation in vitro. CD14+ monocytes derived from the peripheral blood of healthy individuals were cultivated with monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-8. Within 3 days, a translocation of the transcription factor NFATcl into the nucleus was seen, and by 10 to 20 days multinucleated cells with typical osteoclast morphology appeared that expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K. Moreover, the cells were able to resorb bone, proving that IL-8 was able to induce the differentiation of monocytes to osteoclasts. Because IL-8 is a major cytokine produced by activated PMN, we propose that in the course of persistent infection infiltrating PMN contribute to induction of osteoclast formation, thus providing a link between inflammation and bone erosion.
Probiotics and Prevention of Pediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Principi N. , Tagliabue C. , Tenconi R. , Esposito S.
Published: January 2017

There is a certain consensus that some probiotics can significantly help in preventing and relieving the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases and atopic diseases in general, but their use in respiratory tract infections has only been marginally investigated. The main aim of this review is to evaluate what is known about the impact of probiotics on pediatric respiratory tract infections in order to verify whether more data are needed before they can be used on infants and children with respiratory problems. Analysis of the literature shows that our knowledge is limited to the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The very few studies carried out so far seem to indicate that probiotic administration may have some advantages in this regard, but the great limitation is that nothing is known about the susceptible micro-organisms or treatment regimens. Furthermore, URTIs are very limited clinical problems and it seems unreasonable to use a treatment whose efficacy and safety has not been completely clarified as means of preventing them. No data are available concerning the treatment of URTIs. There is a need for further research into the role of probiotics in treating respiratory infections and preventing more severe respiratory problems, including those involving the lower respiratory tract.
Differential Effects of the Toll-like Receptor 2 Agonists, PGN and PAM3CSK4, on Substance P-Induced Human Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Yu Y.Y. , Yip K.H. , Tam I.Y.S. , Sam S.W. , Ng C.W. , Lau H.Y.A.
Published: January 2017

Mast cells play important roles in innate immunity through their activation via toll-like receptors (TLRs) but also contribute to neuroimmunological responses and inflammation through their activation by the neuropeptide substance P (SP) via Gαi/o proteins. This study aims to compare the effects of the TLR2 agonists peptidoglycan (PGN) and tripalmitoyl-S-glycero-Cys-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4) on SP-induced human mast cell activation. The human mast cell line LAD2 was employed and mast cell activation was determined by assays of β-hexosaminidase, IL-8 and intracellular calcium. TLR2 agonists did not cause degranulation, but induced the release of IL-8. Pretreatment of PGN and Pam3CSK4 inhibited SP induced degranulation but only Pam3CSK4 blocked SP induced calcium mobilization. SP-induced IL-8 release was synergistically enhanced by PGN but abolished by Pam3CSK4. Studies with inhibitors of key enzymes implicated in mast cell signaling revealed that synergistic release of IL-8 induced by PGN and SP involved calcineurin, ERK, NF-κB and PI3K signaling cascades whereas Pam3CSK4 inhibited SP induced mast cell activation by interfering with the interaction between SP and Gαi/o proteins. These findings suggest that activation of human mast cells can be differentially modified by TLR2 agonists via distinct signaling pathways through facilitating formation of different TLR2 heterodimers with other TLRs.
Thermal Ablation of Extended Liver Cancers: Assessment of Two New Bipolar Needle Electrodes
Authors: Izzo F. , Albino V. , Palaia R. , Piccirillo M. , Nasto A. , Carbone G. , Capano R. , Tatangelo F. , Granata V.
Published: January 2017

In the United States, approximately 155,000 new cases of cancer of the liver and bile duct occur annually. Surgical resection of these tumors is considered the only treatment modality with a curative effect, but only 10% to 15% of patients with liver tumors are considered candidates for surgical resection. For this reason, several alternative treatment modalities have been developed. Radiofrequency energy has been the focus of increasing research and practice over the past few years. Recently, needle electrodes that encompass larger tissue volumes and radiofrequency generators that provide the increased power levels needed to heat these larger tissue volumes have become available. For this pilot study, we were interested in the evaluation of the capacity of larger sized needle electrodes to induce a predictable zone of tissue necrosis within diseased human liver. Furthermore, we wanted to prove safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation in large sized liver tumors. In summary, the use of a bipolar 6 or 8 array electrode and power up to 180–220 watts energy was shown to produce controlled coagulation necrosis of targeted liver parenchyma and tumor with no observed complications.
Prednisolone as an Effective Treatment for Epilepsy
Authors: İlik F. , Pazarli A.C. , Dogan A.
Published: January 2017

Rasmussen encephalitis is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly seen in children. Hemispheric atrophy, intellectual disability, and hemiparesis are characteristics of this rare disease. The main pathological findings are chronic meningeal and parenchymal inflammation attributed to T lymphocytes. Plasmapheresis, immunomodulators, and immunosuppressives are commonly used for treatment. In this article, a patient suffering from Rasmussen encephalitis whose seizures were treated with prednisolone is discussed according to the literature.
Use of Topical Minoxidil, 17α-Estradiol and Hydrocortisone Butyrate in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
Authors: Rossi A. , Iorio A. , Scarnò M. , Fortuna M.C. , Priolo L. , Di Nunno D. , Carlesimo M. , Calvieri S. , Mari E.
Published: January 2017

A valid approach to treating frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), a scarring alopecia, does not yet exist. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a topical application composed of minoxidil, hydrocortisone butyrate, 17α-estradiol, ciclosilicone pentamer, and alcohol in women affected by FFA. Forty women affected by FFA were treated with 2 ml of a topical lotion composed of 2% minoxidil base, 0.08% hydrocortisone butyrate, 0.05% 17α-estradiol, 16% ciclosilicone pentamer, 96° alcohol, applied once a day on the scalp. A score index, based on the comparison of the photos, taken at the beginning (T0) and after 36 months (T36), was used. The topical lotion led to an improvement in 20 patients, stabilization in 15 patients and worsening of the clinical condition in 5 women. This topical lotion induces a considerable improvement or stabilization of frontal fibrosing alopecia.
Facile manipulation of protein localization in fission yeast through binding of GFP-binding protein to GFP
Authors: Chen Ying-hui , Wang Gao-yuan , Hao Hao-chao , Chao Chun-jiang , Wang Yamei , Jin Quan-wen
Published: January 2017

GFP-binding protein (or GBP) has been recently developed in various systems and organisms as an efficient tool to purify GFP-fusion proteins. Due to the high affinity between GBP and GFP or GFP variants, this GBP-based approach is also ideally suited to alter the localization of functional proteins in live cells. In order to facilitate the wide use of the GBP-targeting approach in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we developed a set of pFA6a-, pJK148- and pUC119-based vectors containing GBP- or GBP–mCherry-coding sequences and variants of inducible nmt1 or constitutive adh1 promoters that result in different levels of expression. The GBP or GBP–mCherry fragments can serve as cassettes for N- or C-terminal genomic tagging of genes of interest. We illustrated the application of these vectors in the construction of yeast strains with Dma1 or Cdc7 tagged with GBP–mCherry and efficient targeting of Dma1– or Cdc7–GBP–mCherry to the spindle pole body by Sid4–GFP. This series of vectors should help to facilitate the application of the GBP-targeting approach in manipulating protein localization and the analysis of gene function in fission yeast, at the level of single genes, as well as at a systematic scale.
Economic thermoregulatory response explains mismatch between thermal physiology and behavior in newts
Authors: Gvoždík Lumír , Kristín Peter
Published: January 2017

Temperature is an important factor determining distribution and abundance of organisms. Predicting the impact of warming climate on ectotherm populations requires information about species' thermal requirements, so-called ‘thermal niche’. The characterization of thermal niche remains a complicated task. We compared the applicability of two indirect approaches, based on reaction norm (aerobic scope curve) and optimality (preferred body temperature) concepts, for indirect estimation of thermal niche while using newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, as a study system. If the two approaches are linked, then digesting newts should keep their body temperatures close to values maximizing aerobic scope for digestion. After feeding, newts maintained their body temperatures within a narrower range than did hungry individuals. The range of preferred body temperatures was well below the temperature maximizing aerobic scope for digestion. Optimal temperatures for factorial aerobic scope fell within the preferred body temperature range of digesting individuals. We conclude that digesting newts prefer body temperatures which are optimal for the maximum aerobic performance but relative to the maintenance costs. What might be termed the ‘economic’ thermoregulatory response explains the mismatch between thermal physiology and behaviour in this system.
Functional morphology of tegmina-based stridulation in the relict speciesCyphoderris monstrosa(Orthoptera: Ensifera: Prophalangopsidae)
Authors: Chivers Benedict D. , Béthoux Olivier , Sarria-S Fabio A. , Jonsson Thorin , Mason Andrew C. , Montealegre-Z Fernando
Published: January 2017

Male grigs, bush-crickets and field crickets produce mating calls by tegminal stridulation: the scraping together of modified forewings functioning as sound generators. Bush- (Tettigoniidae) and field-crickets (Gryllinae) diverged some 240 million years ago, with each lineage developing unique characteristics in wing morphology and the associated mechanics of stridulation. The grigs (Prophalangopsidae), a relict lineage more closely related to bush-crickets than to field-crickets, are believed to retain plesiomorphic features of wing morphology. The wing cells widely involved in sound production, such as the harp and mirror, are comparatively small, poorly delimited and/or partially filled with cross-veins. Such morphology is similarly observed in the earliest stridulating ensiferans, for which stridulatory mechanics remains poorly understood. The grigs, therefore, are of major importance to investigate the early evolutionary stages of tegminal stridulation, a critical innovation in the evolution of the Orthoptera. The aim of this study is to appreciate the degree of specialisation on grig forewings, through identification of sound radiating area areas and their properties. For well-grounded comparisons, homologies in wing venation (and associated areas) of grigs and bush-crickets are re-evaluated. Then, using direct evidence, this study confirms the mirror cell, in association with two other areas (termed ‘neck’ and ‘pre-mirror’), as the acoustic resonator in the grig Cyphoderris monstrosa. Despite the use of largely symmetrical resonators, as found in field-crickets, analogous features of stridulatory mechanics are observed between C. monstrosa and bush-crickets. Both morphology and function in grigs represents transitional stages between unspecialised forewings and derived conditions observed in modern species.
Tuberculosis control in postcolonial South India and beyond: Fractured sovereignties in international health, 1948-1960
Authors: Neelakantan Vivek
Published: January 2017

Between 1948 and 1960, South India (Madras State) and Southeast Asia emerged as global centres for tuberculosis control. This article attempts to situate tuberculosis control of these two regions within the broader context of international health. It investigates the unique ways in which tuberculosis control in Madras state reflected the inner tensions between the notional magic bullet approach, which focuses on specific cures to root out the cause of the disease, and a more holistic approach that relates disease prevention to overall well-being of the population. The implementation of tuberculosis control across South India and Southeast Asia shed light on the nature of the post-colonial state sovereignty in public health. Across India, as in Southeast Asia, the state sovereignty appertaining to the implementation of health policy was fractured, as evident in the opposition to the Bacillus Calmette– Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Based on a wide range of archival materials, this article examines tuberculosis control in South India and Southeast Asia between 1948 and 1960. It situates tuberculosis control within the context of nationalist discourse and preventive medicine. In doing so, it adds not only to the historiography of tuberculosis in non-Western contexts, which has hitherto focused on India, Sri Lanka, Africa, or the Caribbean, but also to the relatively new field of Southeast Asian medical history.
Demand-Oriented Integrated Scheduling for Point-to-Point Airlines
Authors: Faust Oliver , Gönsch Jochen , Klein Robert
Published: January 2017

Optimizing an airline schedule usually comprises multiple planning stages. These are the choice of flights to offer (schedule design), the assignment of fleets to flight legs (fleet assignment), and the construction of rotations under consideration of maintenance constraints (aircraft maintenance routing). Moreover, the airline must assign crews to all flights (crew scheduling). Traditionally, either these scheduling stages are considered sequentially or an existing schedule is modified to cope with the arising complexity issue. More recently, some authors have developed models that integrate adjacent stages. In this paper, outcomes of a research project with airline information technology provider Lufthansa Systems are presented. We consider the case of a small to medium-sized point-to-point airline with a homogeneous fleet. Hence, fleet assignment is omitted, which offers the possibility to solve schedule design and aircraft maintenance routing simultaneously. Our approach explicitly accounts for passengers’ return flight demand and for marginal revenues declining with increasing seat capacity, hence, anticipating the effects of capacity control in revenue management systems. To solve the arising integrated mixed-integer problem, a branch-and-price approach and a column generation-based heuristic have been developed. An extensive numerical study, using data from a major European airline provided by Lufthansa Systems, shows that the presented approaches yield high-quality solutions to real-world problem instances within a reasonable time.
Setting the standard for science
Authors: Bibby Rachel
Published: January 2017

With STEM high on the agenda, Dr Rachel Bibby looks at the UK's global performance in science education and how one school is setting the gold standard
Case study: Using extra tuition
Authors: Rowan-Robinson David
Published: January 2017

Using extra tuition is an effective way of supporting Pupil Premium and other students at risk of falling behind. David Rowan-Robinson explains how his school has implemented this approach
Evaluación del índice de masa corporal con factores clínicos-nutricionales en ancianos institucionalizados sin deterioro cognitivo
Authors: Ruperto López María del Mar , Gómez-Martín María , Iglesias Rosado Carlos
Published: January 2017

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son reconocidos factores de riesgo de mortalidad en la población general. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la distribución fenotípica del índice de masa corporal (IMC), e identificar la prevalencia de desnutrición y los factores clínico-nutricionales relacionados con el IMC en ancianos autónomos institucionalizados.Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 104 adultos mayores institucionalizados (73% mujeres, edad media 86,4 [±6,2] años, tiempo de institucionalización 25,7 [±21,7] meses). Valoración nutricional mediante Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), parámetros antropométricos y analíticos. Análisis de composición corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA101; RJL-System). La muestra se clasificó según el IMC en terciles (Tn): T1=<26,2kg/m2; T2=26,3-29,7kg/m2; y T3=≥29,8kg/m2.Resultados: Distribución fenotípica del IMC: sobrepeso 51% y, prevalencia de obesidad 29,8%. Media del IMC: 28,3 (±4,6) kg/m2. El riesgo nutricional o desnutrición fue 60,6% y 11,5%, respectivamente en la muestra. Los terciles del IMC mostraron diferencias significativas con la circunferencia muscular braquial, pliegue tricipital y, agua corporal total (ACT) (todos, p<0,001). En el T1, se observó mayor riesgo nutricional o desnutrición comparado con T2 y T3 (p=0,015). El perímetro de la cintura, circunferencia de la pantorrilla (p<0,01), y el ACT (p<0,001), fueron predictores independientes del IMC en el modelo de regresión lineal (R2=0,52).Conclusiones: El sobrepeso o la obesidad medido por el IMC, no es un criterio excluyente de desnutrición en la población geriátrica. El cribaje nutricional mediante el MNA y la utilización conjunta de parámetros clínico-nutricionales, permiten identificar el riesgo nutricional y la desnutrición. Nuevos estudios son necesarios para definir los factores potenciales de riesgo nutricional asociados con el IMC en ancianos autónomos institucionalizados.
Experimentos de baixo custo aplicados ao ensino de química: contribuição ao processo ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Da Silva Jéssica Neves , Amorim Jaciele Da Silva , Monteiro Leudiane Da Paz , Freitas Heloizy Garcia
Published: January 2017

Este artigo relata uma proposta metodológica baseada na perspectiva construtivista aplicada ao ensino público na cidade de Marabá-PA. Este teve como objetivo investigar a contribuição da utilização de atividades experimentais no ensino de química em escolas públicas de ensino médio de forma simples com materiais de baixo custo, sendo abordados dois temas: Cinética Química e Eletroquímica. Em cinética química, foi objetivo compreender os conceitos e analisar a importância da velocidade das reações químicas, assim como verificar quais são os fatores que aceleram, reduzem ou que proporcionam as condições necessárias para que as reações possam ocorrer. Em eletroquímica o objetivo principal foi compreender as reações de óxido-redução que representam um conjunto de fenômenos comumente observados no dia-a-dia, o que possibilita uma abordagem contextualizada na qual os conceitos físico-químicos estão envolvidos. Este trabalho, portanto, almeja proporcionar ao professor de ensino médio (professores de química), a possibilidade de aulas mais ilustrativas e experimentais, de maneira simples e prática, além de ratificar a importância de aulas experimentais no ensino de química para alunos da rede pública.
Uma reflexão sobre o ensino de Astronomia na perspectiva da Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Lima Jr José Gidauto dos Santos , Andrade José Elisandro de , Dantas Jeânderson De Melo , Gomes Luiz Moreira
Published: January 2017

Tema recorrente da política educacional brasileira, durante muitos anos discutiu-se a possibilidade da implementação de um Currículo Nacional que contemplasse de forma igualitária o acesso ao ensino e aprendizado de modo a garantir as especificidades regionais, culturais e sociais do país.  Hoje, essa expectativa tornou-se realidade. A proposta da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) é de justamente fomentar e subsidiar um currículo comum que atenda a todas as expectativas da comunidade escolar e mais, com a participação efetiva em todo o processo dos diversos grupos e segmentos da sociedade civil brasileira nas discussões. Evidentemente, que a BNCC não resolverá todos os problemas, entretanto, acredita-se para a maioria dos especialistas que amenizará boa parte deles.  Como a BNCC traz uma discussão ampla a respeito, esse artigo, limitou-se a discussão na Unidade Curricular do ensino de Astronomia na perspectiva dos eixos formativos da BNCC, apresentando as potencialidades e fragilidades de sua inserção na dinâmica da escola, com foco nos processos formativos de docência, nos livros didáticos e no regime de período letivo atual, além é claro, da complexidade dos conteúdos de Física, especificamente, os conteúdos de Astronomia, suas interpretações, os processos metodológicos envolvidos no ensino e perspectivas futuras. Atualmente, o processo de discussão a respeito da BNCC continua, porém, a análise e a visão geral de como a BNCC atuará nos fornece um delineamento inicial sobre as possíveis estratégias ou técnicas de ensino nessa perspectiva tão recente de um currículo comum.
Considerações acerca dos conceitos de condutores, isolantes e semicondutores nos livros de Ensino Médio sob um olhar da teoria de bandas de energia
Authors: Correia Evandro De Sousa , Dantas Jeânderson De Melo , Andrade José Elisandro de
Published: January 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre os conceitos de condutor, isolante e semicondutor no Ensino Médio, considerando a teoria de Bandas de Energia na caracterização e distinção entre esses conceitos. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico acerca do tema e fez-se uma análise de alguns livros didáticos utilizados atualmente no Ensino Médio de acordo com o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de 2015 (PNLD 2015). Dessa forma, percebeu-se que a maioria dos livros analisados não faz uma abordagem do ponto de vista da Física Quântica para explicação desses conceitos, o que motiva a uma reestruturação dos livros de Física no Ensino Médio.
Energia Solar Fotovoltaica: Um tema gerador para o aprendizado de Física.
Authors: Silva Jorge Andrade , Gomes Luiz Moreira , Junior Jose Gidauto dos Santos , Leal Leonardo Sousa , Chagas Maria Liduina , Gomes Junior Luiz Moreira
Published: January 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para o ensino de Física no Ensino Médio. Foram feitos vários debates com os alunos a respeito do uso racional das fontes de energias renováveis e da preocupação com as mudanças climáticas que vem ocorrendo no planeta. Dentro deste enfoque, os alunos foram subsidiados com conceitos básicos da Física Moderna alinhados com atividades virtuais (simulações) e vídeos. No trabalho é feita uma abordagem sobre a energia solar e suas aplicações. Neste contexto são ministrados os conteúdos de física básica correlatos, como o efeito fotoelétrico. A metodologia foi aplicada em duas escolas de ensino médio da rede pública da cidade de Marabá, no estado do Pará. Foram feitas avaliações diagnósticas acerca do nível de compreensão do tema através da aplicação de questionários, e posteriormente, provas também foram realizadas. Os resultados obtidos através da metodologia utilizada se mostraram satisfatórios.nergia Solar Fotovoltaica: Um tema gerador para o aprendizado de Física.
Reflexões sobre o uso das tecnologias móveis como uma ferramenta auxiliar ao ensino.
Authors: Cronemberger Antonio G. , Soares Narciso Neves , Gomes Luiz Moreira , Ferreira Fernanda Carla Luan , Dos Santos Lima Junior José Gidauto
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é uma pesquisa sobre o uso dos dispositivos móveis no ambiente escolar. Foi abordado o desenvolvimento das pesquisas em Mobile Learning, com discussões sobre a implementação, os desafios enfrentados pelos professores quanto à utilização em sala de aula, dentre outros. Além disso, procurou-se entender o motivo do uso desta tecnologia no ambiente escolar ser bastante promissor e, finalmente, são comentadas as possíveis soluções e propostas para novas pesquisas na área.
Inferindo sobre aprendizagem via experimentos de física elaborados com material de baixo custo
Authors: Furtado Iasminne Lemos , Ferreira Fernanda Carla Lima , Oliveira Jorge Everaldo de , De Sousa Francisco Ferreira
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de inferir sobre a aprendizagem de conceitos de Física usando como metodologia experimentos de física elaborados a partir de materiais de baixo custo. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas atividades experimentais na sala de aula de uma escola municipal da cidade de Marabá (Pará). Os estudantes escolhidos para o desenvolvido das atividades propostas neste trabalho foram os do 9ª ano. Como referencial teórico utilizou-se da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel. A pesquisa mostra que é possível estabelecer ótima relação entre o aprendizado dos conceitos de Física e a disposição dos discentes em aprender, o que foi constatado por meio do entusiasmo, motivação, interesse em descobrir além dos conceitos apresentados em sala de aula e do nível de compreensão manifestada por eles. Neste processo, o papel do docente é importante ao conduzir esse tipo de atividade para alcançar bons resultados no ensino e aprendizagem, mas é imprescindível que os discentes sintam-se instigados e motivados à aprender algo proposto. Tal resultado está relacionado às respostas dos discentes referentes aos questionários aplicados, os quais promoveram momentos para analisar e avaliar os seus próprios conhecimentos. Desse modo, este trabalho permitiu aos discentes a pensar de forma diferente, bem como promovendo uma visão diferenciada sobre os conceitos de Física. Talvez isto possa ser considerado como um grande desafio, mas podendo ser superado com a utilização de modelos práticos, situações cotidianas e vivenciadas pelo discente, mostrando uma Física não dogmática, mais crítica e palpável.
Carbohydrate-based phenotyping of the green macroalga Ulva fasciata using near-infrared spectrometry: potential implications for marine biorefinery
Authors: Shefer Shai , Israel Alvaro , Golberg Alexander , Chudnovsky Alexandra
Published: January 2017

Marine macroalgal biomass is a promising sustainable feedstock for biorefineries. However, the development of macroalgal biomass for industrial cultivation and processing has been slow. In terrestrial plants, high-throughput phenotyping provides rapid imaging methods to select specimens with required properties, rapidly transforming traditional breeding techniques. To foster the development of macroalgal biomass for biorefinery applications, we developed a near-infrared spectrometry-based method for rapid phenotyping of the macroalga
Simulation of land use impacts on sediment and nutrient transfer in coastal areas of Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Gebel Micha , Bürger Stephan , Wallace Michael , Malherbe Hanlie , Vogt Hannah , Lorz Carsten
Published: January 2017

A major challenge for water resource management in Western Cape, South Africa, is the reduction of the growing sediment and nutrient loads in coastal areas, which belong to the areas most affected by land use change. We used the WebGIS based software STOFFBILANZ to simulate runoff, soil loss, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen input in the surface water and groundwater of study area (ca. 6,450 km²). The simulated runoff shows a large regional variability caused by the heterogeneous distribution of rainfall. For the reference catchment Klein River simulated total daily runoff fit the observed values of the reference year 2012. The calculation of potential input of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen into waters is based on aggregated or generalized information on climate data, land use types, crop and fruit types, yields, mineral fertilizers, farm manure, nitrogen fixing by leguminous plants, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and soil denitrification. Critical source areas for potential sediment input, particulate P input and diffuse N input are mainly agricultural areas. Additionally, point sources of high relevance for N and P are found in urban areas. Based on the potential input of sediment and nutrients the impacts of current land use change on water resources were estimated. We used the web-based information system WebLand for the simulation aiming at the provision of stakeholders with information for decision making in water resource management.
Development and research of the algorithm for
determining the maximum flow at distribution in
the network
Authors: Akhmediyarova Ainur , Kassymova Dinara , Utegenova Anar , Utepbergenov Irbulat
Published: January 2017

An upgraded version of Ford-Fulkerson algorithm
is proposed, which allows to determine the maximum
flow and the distribution flow in branches of the network.
Results of simulation using this algorithm are given.
They show its effectiveness in comparison with the other
variants of flow distribution in the network at change of
the capacity of branches randomly in time.
Periodic solutions of Liénard–Mathieu differential equation with a small parameter
Authors: Kalas Josef
Published: January 2017

The Liénard–Mathieu equation with a small parameter ε is examined. The existence of periodic and quasiperiodic solutions is proved using the averaging method, the method of complexification and the phase space analysis of an associated autonomous equation. The results extend and generalize those of Kalas and Kadeřábek [6].
A new method for the reaction of cross-coupling: preparation of 5,5′-bi(1,10-phenanthroline)
Authors: Ağırtaş Mehmet Salih
Published: January 2017

Synthesis and characterization of 5,5′-bi(1,10-phenanthroline) (3) are described. Compound 3 was obtained by treatment of 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (1) with 4-hydroxy- phthalonitrile (2) in the presence of K2CO3 as a base in DMF at room temperature for 25 h.
Auditory processing abilities in amateur musicians
Authors: Anand Kruthika , Mohan Kishan Madikeri , Yeraguntla Krishna
Published: January 2017

Music has important consequences on the anatomo-functional organization of the brain. Learning and listening to music has various advantages beginning with relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. Learning music when young has a wide influence on cognion, attention and listening thereby resulting in better performance in most tasks. Currently the practice of parents exposing their children from the womb through their children’s early years has not been researched and explored.

Method:

School going children who are undergoing music training for more than 2 years and an non-musical control group were tested for auditory processing abilities for pitch perception, gap detection and auditory processing performance scale.

Result:

The children in the school going amateur musical group out performed the non-musical trained group in the pitch pattern test, the random gap detection test and in the child auditory processing performance scale.

Conclusion:

Music training results in better temporal processing which can be shown in classroom activities. The improvement observed in amateur musicians over a short training duration, can be attributed to the pitch, loudness, and duration of the acrobatics that the musicians undergo. Studying these aspects and reporting the benefits help in designing training modules for children with various developmental disorders.
Genetic Variability and Associations Between Grain Yield and Related Traits inAmaranthus cruentusandAmaranthus hypochondriacusGrown at Two Locations
Authors: Oduwaye Olusegun A. , Porbeni Justina B.O. , Adetiloye Ibidun S.
Published: January 2017

For plant genetic improvement, it is paramount to determine genetic components for the selection of desirable traits. EighteenAmaranthus cruentusand 11Amaranthus hypochondriacusgenotypes were evaluated at two locations in Nigeria differing in temperature/precipitation to determine the influence of environment on genetic gain. Genotype × environment was significant for all analysed morphological parameters and for grain yield, 1000 seed weight and no. of days to 50% flowering inA. cruentus.InA. hypochondriacusgenotype × environment was significant for plant height, leaf length and width, leaf area, inflorescence length, 1000 seed weight and grain yield. Higher genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability estimates, and genetic advance was observed for the traits at Abeokuta (more wet) than Ibadan (more dry) conditions. Grain yield had positive association with the traits at the two locations except the number of leaves and inflorescence length. Inflorescence length was positively associated with grain yield at Abeokuta and negatively associated at Ibadan. Path analysis indicated simultaneous improvement of grain yield with petiole length and leaf length at Abeokuta but with petiole length and leaf area at Ibadan. In general, the locations had potential for genetic improvement of traits of amaranth grain; therefore, selection criteria for improving grain yield should be considered with respect to environment.
Interval Training for the Senior Population
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2017

INTERVAL TRAINING HAS BEEN ONE OF THE HOTTEST TOPICS OF DISCUSSION IN FITNESS. DESPITE BEING AN INTEGRAL PART OF ATHLETIC TRAINING PROGRAMS, IT IS NOT TYPICALLY THOUGHT OF AS SAFE FOR ALL POPULATIONS. THIS ARTICLE LOOKS INTO THE CONSIDERATIONS OF ADDING INTERVAL TRAINING INTO SENIOR TRAINING PROGRAMS.
Interactome disassembly during apoptosis occurs independent of caspase cleavage
Authors: Scott Nichollas E , Rogers Lindsay D , Prudova Anna , Brown Nat F , Fortelny Nikolaus , Overall Christopher M , Foster Leonard J
Published: January 2017

Protein–protein interaction networks (interactomes) define the functionality of all biological systems. In apoptosis, proteolysis by caspases is thought to initiate disassembly of protein complexes and cell death. Here we used a quantitative proteomics approach, protein correlation profiling (PCP), to explore changes in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial interactomes in response to apoptosis initiation as a function of caspase activity. We measured the response to initiation of Fas‐mediated apoptosis in 17,991 interactions among 2,779 proteins, comprising the largest dynamic interactome to date. The majority of interactions were unaffected early in apoptosis, but multiple complexes containing known caspase targets were disassembled. Nonetheless, proteome‐wide analysis of proteolytic processing by terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS) revealed little correlation between proteolytic and interactome changes. Our findings show that, in apoptosis, significant interactome alterations occur before and independently of caspase activity. Thus, apoptosis initiation includes a tight program of interactome rearrangement, leading to disassembly of relatively few, select complexes. These early interactome alterations occur independently of cleavage of these protein by caspases.
Effect of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding on Nasal Symmetry in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip/Palate Patients after Primary Cheiloplasty without Concomitant Nasal Cartilage Dissection
Authors: Liang Zhigang , Yao Jinfeng , Chen Philip K.T. , Zheng Cangshang , Yang Jiying
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) on long-term nasal symmetry and shaping after primary cheiloplasty in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate (UCL/P).

Design:

This was a two-group, parallel, retrospective, randomized clinical trial.

Setting:

The setting for this study was the Chang Gung Craniofacial Center in Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Patients:

Patients were divided into one of the following two groups: infants with UCL/P who underwent PNAM (PNAM group, n = 42) and infants with UCL/P who did not undergo PNAM (non-PNAM group, n = 42).

Interventions:

Interventions included PNAM and primary cheiloplasty without nasal cartilage dissection.

Main Outcome Measures:

In this study, 4- to 5-year postoperative full-face and submental oblique photographs were taken of all patients and scored from 1 to 5 points by 10 medical evaluators. The scores were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and P < .05 was considered to represent statistical significance.

Results:

After 1 to 3 months of PNAM but before primary cheiloplasty, the displaced nasal and alveolar cartilage showed obvious improvement. However, the scores in the PNAM and non-PNAM groups at 4 to 5 years postoperatively were 66.62 ± 14.25 and 66.31 ± 15.08, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( F = 0.009, P = .923).

Conclusion:

PNAM as an early-stage adjunctive therapy for nasal deformity correction is beneficial before primary cheiloplasty, but it is insufficient to maintain long-term nostril symmetry after primary cheiloplasty without nasal cartilage dissection.