bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC COCAINE ADMINISTRATION ON TITRATING‐DELAY MATCHING‐TO‐SAMPLE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Kangas Brian D. , Branch Marc N.
Published: October 2012

The effects of cocaine were examined under a titrating‐delay matching‐to‐sample procedure. In this procedure, the delay between sample stimulus offset and comparison stimuli onset adjusts as a function of the subject's performance. Specifically, matches increase the delay and mismatches decrease the delay. Titrated delay values served as the primary dependent measure. After establishing stable performance in pigeons, several behaviorally‐effective doses of cocaine were administered acutely. Dose‐related within‐session decreases in titrated delay values were observed. Following acute determinations, the dose of cocaine that produced the most rapid decline without eliminating performance was administered prior to each daily session. chronic administration resulted in performance trending toward control levels. A redetermination of the dose‐response function following chronic exposure revealed reduced potency (i.e., tolerance) under cocaine on titrated delay matching‐to‐sample performance. Supplemental analyses suggest that cocaine may serve as a disruptor of the stimulus conditions in which the performance was established.
Ecological modeling of pollutants in accidental fire at the landfill waste
Authors: Stefanov Sonja , Biocanin Rade , Vojinovic-Miloradov Mirjana , Sokolovic Slobodan , Ivankovic Darko
Published: October 2012

Paper presents tyre as flammable material and some examples of tyre fires in
the world. Uncontrolled tyre fires produce a lot of smoke and air pollutants,
including benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Great heat
leads to the generation of pyrolytic oil which, when mixed with the fire
extinguishing agent, contaminates the surrounding soil, surface water and
underground water. Paper analyzes and presents in particular the emission
factors of incomplete burning of waste car tyres. Metal dust emissions have
been presented, volatile organic compund (VOC) emissions, slightly volatile
organic compound (SVOC) emissions and emissions of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH). Evaluation of the effect on the air quality has been
graphically presented by modelling of uncotrolled tyre burning by using EPA
"SCREEN 3 MODEL".
Optical metrology for immersed diffractive multifocal ophthalmic intracorneal lenses
Authors: Tankam P. , Lépine T. , Castignoles F. , Chavel P.
Published: October 2012

This paper deals with the optical characterization of diffractive multifocal Intra-Corneal Lenses (ICLs) that we have developed in order to correct presbyopia. These diffractive multifocal lenses are made of a very soft material (permeable to oxygen and nutrients), with a thickness smaller than 100 µm and require liquid immersion. As a consequence, most of the conventional metrology methods are unsuited for their characterization. We developed specific setups to measure diffractive efficiencies and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) adapted to such components. Experimental results are in good agreement with Zemax® simulations. For the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that optical characterization is devoted to the ICLs. Furthermore, most of the IOL’s optical characterizations are focused on far vision MTF and don’t assess the near vision MTF, which we study in this paper.
Oxygen Saturation of Hemoglobin in Healthy Children of 2- 14 Years at High Altitude in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha S , Shrestha S , Shrestha L , Bhandary N
Published: October 2012

Background Individuals residing at higher altitude may have oxygen saturation of hemoglobin different to those living at lower altitude. # Objectives To find out the baseline value of SpO2 in healthy Nepali children (2-14 years) living permanently at high altitude using pulse oximeter and also to study the relation of SpO2 with age, sex and ethnicity. Methods A descriptive observational study was conducted at 4 different altitudes ranging from 2700 to 3800 m in Mustang district. The mean pulse oximery values at different altitudes were calculated and compared. Results One hundred six children were enrolled with the median age of 10 years. The mean SpO2 value of children permanently residing at altitude 2700m was 95.18%, at 2800m was 94.82%, at 3550m was 94.1% and 3800m was 93.1%.The difference in the SpO2 values at different altitude was statistically significant. No sex or age wise differences were noted on the mean SpO2 values in the study group. Conclusions The mean SpO2 values were higher than several other studies done in the altitude above 2500 meters. Enrollment of older children and the different ethnic background could be the contributing factors for the differences. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 40-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6912
Progeria : Pathogenesis and Oral Manifestation- A Review
Authors: Saigal S , Bhargava A
Published: October 2012

Our life span is genetically programmed and it is possible that a defect in produced proteins encoded by the ‘longevity’ gene is a cause of aging. Progeria which is a rare, fatal genetic condition which affects between one in four million and one in eight million children of both sexes equally and characterized by premature and accelerated aging. The appearance and physiology of these children resembles to elderly people but they typically have life span to their mid teens. It is also known as the Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, which was initially reported by Johnathan Hutchinson in 1886 and further described by Hastings Gilford in 1904. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, which means an individual has inherited a mutated gene from both parents. It is added to the expanding catalogue of ‘laminopathies’, diseases caused by mutations affecting nuclear lamina proteins known as lamin A (LMNA). In oral manifestation primary finding is micrognathia with delayed tooth eruption and incomplete formation of root of permanent tooth. Presently there are no known cures for this abnormality. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 72-76 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6919
Bilateral High-Origin Anterior Tibial Arteries and Its Clinical Importance
Authors: Sharma K , Haque MK , Mansur DI
Published: October 2012

Reported here is a case of bilateral high - origin anterior tibial arteries as detected during routine dissection of a 40 years old male cadaver at the Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavre District, Nepal. The aim of the present study was to underline the clinical importance of high origin of anterior tibial artery from the popliteal artery.The high origin anterior tibial artery from the popliteal artery and its relations with the popliteus muscle is an important anatomical variation which should be paid attention during knee joint surgery, total knee arthroplasty and angiographic evaluations. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 88-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6923
Medicine and Smart Phones
Authors: Kayastha R
Published: October 2012

KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 94 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6925
The Same as a Private Home? Social Clubs, Public Drinking, and Liquor Control in Ontario, 1934–1944
Authors: Malleck Dan
Published: October 2012

Abstract:

Along with regulating the sales of liquor in provincial stores, overseeing the manufacture of alcohol, and inspecting the public drinking establishments in the province, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario issued beverage licences to private clubs. This paper examines the challenges of regulating the activities of drinkers in semi-private spaces and asks how the lcbo applied the notion of public space to establishments that were not entirely public. The legislation permitting drinking in clubs appears to have been based upon a narrow idea of the elite social club. The administrators of the board quickly found that the residents of the province saw socialization in a variety of forms. In keeping with its regulatory activities in the public drinking establishments, the lcbo attempted to address individual challenges and problems based upon the unique characteristics of each club. It assessed club management, the type of clientele, and the activities of the club. It then evaluated whether certain transgressions or special dispensations would present a challenge to social order. In effect, the nuanced evaluation and careful application of the rules characterized the regulation of semi-private drinking in the province of Ontario. The article argues that, in contrast to Habermas's idea that the development of a public sphere resulted in freer public discussion and debate, in the lcbo regulatory activities, the term public implied an added responsibility to behave in certain constrained ways. At least when having a drink.
British Scholarly Journals on Film Studies: Study and Evaluation of Their Internationality
Authors: Torrado Morales Susana , Giménez Toledo Elea
Published: October 2012

In the United Kingdom, the journal Screen has since the 1950s been the main bibliographic source for the theorists of cinema. At the moment, there are other journals in this area which are making room for themselves in the global arena of film publications. This article studies the internationality—nowadays a key factor in the process of scientific evaluation—of sixteen British film journals as part of an ongoing research project on the evolution of criteria used to measure the quality of scientific journals in the period 2008–2012. In order to measure their level of internationality, four indicators are studied: presence in national and international databases, internationality of both editorial and scientific boards, internationality of contributions, and, finally, the existence of peer-review evaluation in the selection process of the manuscripts.
Darwin and the Tree of Life: the roots of the evolutionary tree
Authors: Hellström Nils Petter
Published: October 2012

To speak of evolutionary trees and of the Tree of Life has become routine in evolution studies, despite recurrent objections. Because it is not immediately obvious why a tree is suited to represent evolutionary history – woodland trees do not have their buds in the present and their trunks in the past, for a start – the reason why trees make sense to us is historically and culturally, not scientifically, predicated. To account for the Tree of Life, simultaneously genealogical and cosmological, we must explore the particular context in which Darwin declared the natural order to be analogous to a pedigree, and in which he communicated this vision by recourse to a tree. The name he gave his tree reveals part of the story, as before Darwin's appropriation of it, the Tree of Life grew in Paradise at the heart of God's creation.
Early research on anatomy and mating of land slugs and snails: Francesco Redi's (1684)Osservazioni
Authors: Benocci Andrea , Manganelli Giuseppe
Published: October 2012

In 1684 the Italian scientist Francesco Redi published one of the first detailed studies on land gastropods. It included the mating and functional anatomy of limacid slugs, functional anatomy of helicid snails and morpho-anatomical comparisons of land and marine slugs and snails. His research was based on a few marine species (an unidentified gastropod, the neogastropod Hexaplex trunculus and aplysiid opisthobranchs), several land snails (including the large helicid Helix lucorum) and some limacid slugs (probably different species of the Limax corsicus group and perhaps Limacus flavus). Redi's investigations are generally accurate and his description of slug mating is much more detailed than the earlier account by Martin Lister. However, his survey also contains minor oversights and mistakes: he did not identify major organs of mollusc anatomy (radula, salivary glands and certain genital structures), his illustration of mating slugs is unrealistic and he overlooked important anatomical differences between marine and land slugs. His most remarkable oversight is hermaphroditism: although he observed slug mating, knew that no differences existed between partners, and was probably aware of earlier literature on the androgynous nature of land snails, he failed to conclude that they are hermaphrodite.
The editions, issues, states and dates of William Henry Harvey'sA manual of the British algae
Authors: Williams R. B.
Published: October 2012

William Henry Harvey was the author of A manual of the British algae in 1841 and a second edition, A manual of the British marine algae in 1849. Both editions, printed in London and published by John Van Voorst, exist as various issues or states, not adequately described in previous bibliographical accounts. For the unillustrated first edition, a more precise publication date is provided, and the two states of the title-page in the original issue and the reissue are described and dated. For the illustrated second edition, the date of publication, uncertain because of conflicting external evidence and important because of the new taxa and new combinations included, is confirmed. The absence of Harvey's portrait from early-issued copies of the second edition is noted and the date of separate issue of the portrait in two different states is discussed. Some of the 27 plates exist in up to three states, apart from the additional hand-colouring in some copies.
Does mycorrhizal specificity affect orchid decline and rarity?
Authors: Bailarote Bruno Cachapa , Lievens Bart , Jacquemyn Hans
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination, and many species maintain associations during later stages in their life cycle. Because of the critical dependence of orchids on fungi it has been suggested that the degree of mycorrhizal specificity may be associated with rarity and long‐term survival of orchid species, especially in highly degraded or fragmented landscapes. To test this hypothesis, we compared mycorrhizal communities in two species that differed significantly in decline in Belgium and other parts of Europe.

• Methods: Mycorrhizal associations were investigated in five populations of Anacamptis morio and Dactylorhiza fuchsii in Belgium. ITS‐based DNA arrays were used for simultaneous detection and identification of a wide range of basidiomycetous mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal specificity, measured as phylogenetic diversity, was assessed for each population and compared between species.

• Key results: For both species, the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of the mycorrhizal partners was low, and both species were associated with a large number of fungal lineages related to clades of the Tulasnellaceae family. Contrary to expectations, the species that was apparently resilient to decline was associated with fewer fungal operational taxonomical units than the declining species was, and the phylogenetic relatedness of mycorrhizal communities among populations was higher in the stable than in the declining orchid.

• Conclusions: Although our results do not present detailed insights into the causes of orchid persistence, they do suggest that orchid rarity and persistence are not necessarily related to fungal diversity and that other factors may be more important in determining orchid persistence.
SCANNING AERIAL PHOTOS USING A NON-PROFESSIONAL SCANNER
Authors: Ruzgienė Birutė , Bagdžiūnaitė Renata , Ruginytė Vilma
Published: October 2012

For scanning analog aerial photographs, digital photogrammetry requires specific and expensive photogrammetric scanners. However, we only have a simple A4 format scanner useful for solving some special photogrammetric tasks applied for analyzing the possibilities of scanning photographic material. The paper investigates the peculiarities of scanning analog aerial photos using the scanner processing pictures smaller than an A4 format. The achieved results are compared with digital data obtained using a professional photogrammetric scanner. Experimental photogrammetric measurements have showed that the results of aerial photographs scanned by a nonprofessional scanner satisfy accuracy requirements for topographic mapping at a scale of 1:5000.
Les sommets très privés de l'État
Authors: Gervais Julie
Published: October 2012

Résumé L’article interroge l’idée d’une opposition entre les hauts fonctionnaires français et les prestataires privés de services et la thèse selon laquelle la résistance des grands corps aurait ralenti la pénétration des consultants au sein de l’administration centrale. À partir de l’étude d’un club qui encourage et révèle dans le même temps les entrecroisements et les inter- connexions entre ces deux groupes, l’enquête éclaire les modalités par lesquelles des médiateurs situés à la frontière des sphères publique et privée, autorisent et accompagnent l’acclimatation, au sein de l’État, de logiques, d’intérêts, de valeurs, de catégories d’entendement et de dispositifs souvent pensés comme spécifiques au champ économique. Faire la sociologie de ces intermédiaires et éclairer les liens que nouent ces deux groupes permet de ne pas opposer de manière simplificatrice l’État au marché et donne à analyser la manière dont ils s’interpénètrent pour « évangéliser » le secteur public et former, ensemble, l’élite de l’administration.
« On n'y comprend rien »
Authors: Sorignet Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: October 2012

Résumé L’entreprise de modernisation de l’audiovisuel public opérée tant en Europe de l’Ouest qu’en Europe de l’Est ces dix dernières années reflète des réalités différentes mais s’inscrit dans un mouvement général d’adaptation à la dynamique technologique et de l’injonction à la maîtrise des finances publiques. Les cabinets de conseil en stratégie et réorganisation, forts de leur expérience dans le secteur privé, sont largement mobilisés pour apporter de nouvelles méthodes de management dans les groupes publics. Ce texte repose sur une enquête réalisée auprès des personnels et représentants du personnel au cours des années 2000 autour du projet réorganisation d’un grand groupe de médias européen. Cet article propose de réfléchir, à travers la réception par les différents protagonistes de ce projet de réorganisation, à la réalité des effets de la violence symbolique produite conjointement par les cabinets de conseil en stratégie et certains des hauts cadres dirigeants du groupe public, véritables instigateurs de la réforme en cours.
Les comptes des générations
Authors: Le Lann Yann , Lemoine Benjamin
Published: October 2012

Résumé L’article étudie l’imposition des « générations futures » comme catégorie sociale nouvelle réorganisant les comptes de l’État et des finances publiques. Les usages qui sont faits des générations futures dans les rapports d’expertise et les querelles bureaucratiques nationales et européennes confèrent une consistance à cette catégorie flottante. À travers la nouvelle comptabilité des engagements de l’État, la « génération » devient peu à peu un groupe social reconnu à l’aune duquel sont désormais évaluées les politiques économiques et budgétaires. La multiplication de la référence aux générations futures contribue, au détriment des catégories socioprofessionnelles (CSP), à l’objectivation d’une catégorie absente des débats sur la politique économique jusqu’aux années 1970. Les générations futures, en tant que nouvelle catégorie légitime de partage du monde social, stabilisée dans différents espaces, qu’ils soient de nature bureaucratique, comp- table ou médiatique, constituent le véhicule d’une reformulation des politiques de la protection sociale et des finances publiques et légitiment les conceptions libérales de l’État. L’irruption des générations impose progressivement une mise en compte de l’État qui fait de la soutenabilité future des dépenses publiques un souci permanent du présent.
Acute Management of Open Fractures: Proposal of a New Multidisciplinary Algorithm
Authors: Mauffrey Cyril , Bailey James R. , Bowles Richard J. , Price Connie , Hasson Duke , Hak David J. , Stahel Philip F.
Published: October 2012

Despite the frequency of open fractures, their management remains one of the greatest and most debated orthopedic challenges. The current challenges that health care faces financially and clinically offer an opportunity to develop a universal reliable, reproducible, evidence-based protocol. The authors review the current evidence concerning the acute management of open fractures and suggest a modern treatment algorithm.
Cost Comparison of Cementless Versus Cemented Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Tripuraneni Krishna R. , Carothers Joshua T. , Junick Daniel W. , Archibeck Michael J.
Published: October 2012

Hip hemiarthroplasties are frequently performed for displaced femoral neck fractures. The purpose of this study was to identify the costs associated with cementless and cemented hemiarthroplasties, compare operative times, and identify complications. The hypothesis was that cementless hemiarthroplasties cost less than cemented hemiarthroplasties, require less operative time, and have fewer perioperative complications. A retrospective review was conducted of 2 surgeons’ patients admitted for displaced femoral neck fractures between 2006 and 2010. Group 1 included 45 patients who underwent monopolar hemiarthroplasties with cementless femoral components via a standard posterior approach by a single surgeon. Group 2 included 49 patients who underwent monopolar hemiarthroplasties with cemented femoral components via a modified lateral approach by a single surgeon. Surgical and anesthesia times and the cost of implants and accessories were recorded. The cost for cementless components was $3275.60 (femoral stem, $2800; monopolar head, $400; sleeve, $75.60), whereas the cost of cemented components was $3694.47 (femoral stem, $1800; monopolar head, $400; sleeve, $75.60, 3 Simplex with tobramycin cement packets, $1221; cement mixer/irrigator with tip/centralizer and plug/pressurizer, $197.87), a cost savings of 12.7% ($418.87). Operative time was significantly reduced in group 1 vs group 2 (mean, 32.9 vs 56.1 minutes, respectively;
P
<.01). Anesthesia time was also significantly reduced in group 1 (mean, 82.3 vs 102.9 minutes, respectively;
P
<.01). The difference in mean anesthetic times demonstrates an overall cost savings of 18.6%, or $1161.30. No difference in complications was noted between the groups perioperatively. Regional cost variances, vendor–hospital contracts, and surgeons’ operative times are factors that may influence cost savings. This study demonstrates significantly lower operative and anesthetic times and observable cost savings with cementless femoral implants.
Biomechanical Comparison of Endplate Forces Generated by Uniaxial Screws and Monoaxial Pedicle Screws
Authors: Essig David A. , Miller Christopher P. , Xiao Ming , Ivancic Paul , Jegede Kola , Badrinath Raghav , Smith Brian G. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: October 2012

Current surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis involves the use of various segmental instrumentation. Various pedicle screws have allowed for improved correction. Although monoaxial screws have improved rotational control compared with polyaxial screws, their use may increase screw–bone interface or vertebral endplate forces if not inserted in an exactly straight trajectory. Uniaxial screws potentially decrease these forces while retaining the advantages of monoaxial screws with respect to better rotational control. The purpose of this study was to compare the vertebral endplate forces with monoaxial or uniaxial screws when being reduced to a rod. Thirty-two plastic, surrogate T11 vertebrae were prepared with monoaxial (n=16) or uniaxial (n=16) screws. Screw angles relative to inferior vertebral endplates were assessed with lateral radiographs. The vertebrae were fixed to a load cell, and loads were measured as the screw was reduced to a rod. Monoaxial screws demonstrated a linear progression of endplate force with increasing screw angle. Uniaxial screws demonstrated minimal endplate force until approximately 20°, coinciding with screwhead excursion angle. As this maximum excursion angle was passed, uniaxial screws demonstrated a force slope similar to the monoaxial screws.

The measured endplate forces should be equivalent to forces at the screw–bone interface. The reduced force with uniaxial screws is expected to have less cranial–caudal plow potential as the screw is coupled to a rod for deformity correction. This could have potential implications for screw failure, especially in less dense bone.
Bone Impaction Grafting of the Lateral Femoral Condyle in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Jiang Jimmy J. , Hussain Waqas M. , Bielski Robert J.
Published: October 2012

Avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle is an uncommon but serious sequela in patients who have received chemotherapy or corticosteroid treatment. The optimal treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral condyles in pediatric patients is not well established. Nonoperative management has had limited long-term success, and many of the surgical procedures available for adults, including core decompression, osteotomy, and femur resurfacing, are undesirable in skeletally immature patients with open physes.

This article describes a case of a 7-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia who developed avascular necrosis of the lateral femoral condyle that was treated with bone impaction grafting. The patient experienced right knee pain and swelling shortly after the initiation of chemotherapy. The radiological studies obtained showed subchondral collapse of the lateral femoral condyle. After a course of nonoperative management failed to improve symptoms, she underwent bone impaction allografting of the lateral femoral condyle using a physis-sparing approach. More than 5 years postoperatively, she has achieved excellent clinical results. Postoperative imaging of the knee has also confirmed good integration of the bone graft, an open physis, and preservation of the articular surface. This technique is a relatively less invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle in a pediatric patient.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis Complicated by Iliopsoas Muscle Abscess in an Immunocompetent Adolescent: Successful Conservative Treatment
Authors: Wu Shun-Yao , Wei Ta-Sen , Chen Yen-Chun , Huang Shih-Wei
Published: October 2012

Vertebral osteomyelitis is rare in children. The lumbar spine is the most commonly involved region. Vertebral osteomyelitis occurs more frequently in the vertebral body, and involvement of posterior element is rare. Vertebral osteomyelitis results from hematogenous seeding, spread from contiguous infections, and direct inoculation from spinal surgery. Initial symptoms include low back pain, difficulty standing, limping gait, and fever. Blood cultures should be obtained for children with vertebral osteomyelitis because it is the definite guide for providing accurate treatment. Computed tomographyi-guided abscess aspiration should be considered for patients with negative blood cultures.
Staphylococcus aureus
is the most common microorganism in vertebral osteomyelitis, and the incidence of methicillin-resistant
S aureus
has increased in recent years. Plain radiographs, bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for making the diagnosis. Antimicrobial therapy for 6 weeks is usually successful, and an early transition to oral form does not increase the risk of treatment failure. Debridement with implant removal is required, especially for late-onset infections associated with previous spinal surgery. Vertebral osteomyelitis can cause motor weakness and paralysis. Because of the involvement of spinal development, spinal deformities, including scoliosis and loss of normal lumbar lordosis, should be a concern in pediatric patients. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis are important to prevent severe complications and lifelong disabilities.

This article describes the case of a 14-year-old boy with spontaneous lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis who initially presented with low back pain and was successfully treated nonoperatively.
Navigated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Radiographic Validation of a Nonimage-based System
Authors: Jenny Jean-Yves , Abane Lamine
Published: October 2012

The authors compared the intraoperative navigated measurements of the location of the tibial and femoral tunnels during arthroscopic-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to the postoperative measurements performed on standard plain radiographs in 56 patients. The position of the center of the tibial and femoral tunnels was measured intraoperatively with the OrthoPilot (B. Braun Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) and postoperatively on plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs.

The center of the tibial tunnel was located at 43% of the mediolateral tibial dimension intraoperatively and at 41% of the mediolateral tibial dimension postoperatively (P=.14). The center of the tibial tunnel tibial was located at 40% of the anteroposterior tibial dimension intraoperatively and at 35% of the anteroposterior tibial dimension postoperatively (P=.01). The center of the femoral tunnel was located at 85% of the anteroposterior femoral dimension intraoperatively and at 76% of the anteroposterior femoral dimension postoperatively (P<.001). A significant correlation was found between intraoperative navigated and postoperative radiographic measurements only at the femur. Good agreement existed between all navigated and radiographic measurements. The OrthoPilot navigation system allows an accurate measurement of the location of the tibial and femoral tunnels during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Évaluation des politiques environnementales accompagnant les projets autoroutiers : cas de l’a75 et via egnatia
Authors: Hadjou Lamara
Published: October 2012

Les projets de construction de nouvelles autoroutes s’accompagnent souvent de mesures environnementales visant à préserver les espaces de proximité. Ces mesures classiques relèvent d’une obligation réglementaire à la charge des sociétés concessionnaires, dans le cas des autoroutes concédées, et de l’État si elles ne sont pas mises en concession. Ces dernières années, nous assistons en France à une politique autoroutière qui est passée du stade de rattrapage à celui de l’aménagement et du développement durable. Des zones rurales et fragiles mises à l’écart des grands réseaux de transport, à cause de leur manque de rentabilité, bénéficient désormais de projets routiers dans une perspective d’aménagement du territoire. La nature des milieux traversés, souvent des régions montagneuses assez sensibles et au paysage exceptionnel, a mené les acteurs à réfléchir sur une nouvelle politique d’accompagnement, tenant à la fois compte des espaces directement traversés et de ceux extérieurs à l’emprise autoroutière. Dans cet article, nous essayons de décortiquer ces évolutions en mettant l’accent sur les innovations introduites et sur le rôle du milieu local. Ce dernier a souvent été occulté, alors même que sa mobilisation est indispensable dans la mise en œuvre de ces politiques environnementales. Nous prenons les cas de l’autoroute A75 en France et de la Via Egnatia en Grèce afin d’établir une comparaison au niveau européen.
Représentations de la forêt et répercussions sur la gestion des ressources forestières au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Mamadou , Sambou Bienvenu , Ly Boubacar
Published: October 2012

En Afrique, les programmes de gestion des ressources naturelles forestières ont souvent des difficultés pour donner les résultats escomptés. La plupart des concepteurs de ces programmes ne perçoivent généralement de la forêt que la fonctionnalité et la nécessité d’une utilisation rationnelle de ses ressources. Ils négligent souvent les dimensions symboliques qui pourtant influent sur les rapports des populations avec la nature environnante. C’est ainsi que cet article cherche à comprendre les représentations que les populations se font de la Forêt classée de Patako ainsi que les répercussions possibles sur la gestion de ses ressources. Les données collectées ont révélé que pour 23,5 % des populations interrogées la forêt n’est qu’une brousse. Pour 23 %, elle représente un bien de l’État. 20,7 % la perçoivent comme des terres de culture soustraites de leurs terroirs villageois et seuls 13,4 % des populations pensent que la forêt classée est un espace boisé appartenant aux villages riverains. La forêt classée est aussi représentée dans les textes d’entretien comme foreb buur (forêt de l’État), foreb ñépp (forêt de tout le monde) ou comme xeewëlu Yàlla (don divin). S’agissant de l’appropriation des ressources de la forêt classée, 61,8 % des populations interrogées pensent que ces dernières appartiennent à l’État et seuls 16,6 % pensent qu’elles appartiennent aux populations locales. Ces représentations ont engendré des attitudes difficilement compatibles avec une gestion intégrée des ressources naturelles en ce sens qu’elles traduisent un affaiblissement de l’appropriation de la forêt par les riverains.
Design and Usage of a Process-Centric Collaboration Methodology for Virtual Organizations in Hybrid Environments
Authors: Dollmann Thorsten J. , Loos Peter , Fellmann Michael , Thomas Oliver , Hoheisel Andreas , Katranuschkov Peter , Scherer Raimar
Published: October 2012

This article describes a collaboration methodology for virtual organizations where the processes can be automatically executed using a hybrid web service, grid or cloud resources. Typically, the process of deriving executable workflows from process models is cumbersome and can be automated only in part or specific to a particular distributed system. The approach introduced in this paper, exemplified by the construction industry field, integrates existing technology within a process-centric framework. The solution on the basis of a hybrid system architecture in conjunction with semantic methods for consistency saving and the framework for modeling VO processes and their automated transformation and execution are discussed in detail.
An Intelligent Operator for Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System
Authors: Rani C. , Deepa S. N.
Published: October 2012

This paper proposes a modified form of operator based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for designing Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System (GFRBS). The usual procedure of velocity updating in PSO is modified by calculating the velocity using chromosome’s individual best value and global best value based on an updating probability without considering the inertia weight, old velocity and constriction factors. This kind of calculation brings intelligent information sharing mechanism and memory capability to Genetic Algorithm (GA) and can be easily implemented along with other genetic operators. The performance of the proposed operator is evaluated using ten publicly available bench mark data sets. Simulation results show that the proposed operator introduces new material into the population, thereby allows faster and more accurate convergence without struck into a local optima. Statistical analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed operator produces a classifier model with minimum number of rules and higher classification accuracy.
The Children’s Virtual Museum of Small Animals
Authors: Beneventi Paolo
Published: October 2012

As referenced in the chapter title, the Children’s Virtual Museum of Small Animals is a website where multimedia documents are collected, based on the real experience of groups of children from many parts of the world. There, people can find photos and videos of insects and spiders, with scientific names and classification, place and date of discovery, and age of the class, group, or single kid who found it. There are also drawings, texts, and other things related to the real, possible, or fantastic meeting between children and small animals: voices from actual experiences, slide shows about “watching details,” pictures of creations by artists close to kids’ imagination, suggestions on how to use technical tools. Children there can act as protagonists in producing and sharing information, just like usually scientists, journalists, photographers, and video makers do, through the global information society. It is also the “extension” of a method, a way to address scientific issues with children, which has given regular, excellent results with hundreds of groups during many years. The author presents it as a work in progress, calling others to meet and exchange, suggest, and propose additions, also from different experiences and points of view. Digital means are proposed to show the “objects” of the study as well as the “process of studying” by children, with all their enthusiasm and surprise, as is evidenced particularly from their voices. Other children visiting the virtual Museum should be called to come and take part in it from their usual real life environment, making new discoveries and sending documents, sharing experiences and ideas, worldwide.
Educational Contents and Creativity in Virtual Environments
Authors: Mascitti Ilaria , Di Marco Daniela , Fasciani Monica
Published: October 2012

This chapter reflects on the educational potential of virtual worlds and draws on the results of ST.ART project - Street Artists in a virtual space (www.startproject.eu). ST.ART project innovative aspect embraces both the topic (street art) and the methodology (virtual platforms as e-learning and 3D virtual worlds) as well as the pedagogy applied that uses an inquiry-based method (learning by doing) to support a traditional deductive teaching pedagogy. This approach is not only related to the use of a relatively new technology but also to the educational, pedagogical, cultural, and motivational benefits derived from the chosen methodology. The chapter describes new insights and findings that emerged during the experimentation phase of the project and that were never anticipated when the project was first designed.
Acer
Authors: Altamura Séraphine Francoise , Cannelli Alessandra , Delle Monache Roberta Maria
Published: October 2012

The idea of one-to-one computing (1:1C) with instructional material tailored to the individual learner is not new. However, a continued adherence to the “broadcast model” of learning where the teacher directs the whole of a lesson is holding this approach back. Concepts like “one-computer-one-child” (OCOC) have been in existence since the start of the century, but new one-netbook-one-child policies are making this system more affordable. Other concepts, such as eTwinning have also existed since that time, and a more possible today with affordable network coverage. The chapter presents a case study into a European Union funded programme, called the Acer-European Schoolnet Educational Netbook Pilot Project (AESENPP) which seeks to implement eTwinning and a OCOC policy that takes advantage of blended learning approach alternating different activities, in the form of an online or offline approach that is supported with interactive pen. Six countries participated in AESENPP, with schools interested in exploring how this approach can have an impact on the processes involved in teaching and understand and documenting how learners and teachers can use netbooks in various educational contexts. The chapter describes how three Italian teachers from three schools in Rome and Viterbo are explaining how they coped with this challenge and what the outcomes of their experimentation are. As the experiment is still in action, the Italian teachers decided to give only evidence of their positive experience.
The History of Religions as a Tool for Citizenship Education of Children
Authors: Giorda Mariachiara , Nardini Giulia , Nuti Beatrice
Published: October 2012

In the context of an increasingly multicultural Italy, teaching young people about different cultural and religious identities is in order. The presence in schools of a growing number of children from different cultural backgrounds, languages, and religions begs for the creation of a constructive and respectful dialogue that helps to develop the ability to listen to others, promoting a democratic path of inclusion. This project puts forward a course on Religious Education, already active in a second grade class of an elementary school in Turin, and in several elementary schools in the province of Latina, as from 2011. The methodology of the project involves a series of classroom workshops based on the recollection of personal experiences of students, free participation in group dynamics, and discussion about the different lifestyles. It aims at teaching a correct religious terminology, the historical and geographic development of religions, and several religious customs. This approach to Citizen Education through the knowledge or religious traditions is a pioneering initiative in Italy.
“Learning from One Another” eTwinning Project
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Maria da Piedade
Published: October 2012

Learning a foreign language (FL) entails more than attaining the mastery of a system of linguistic norms or the functional and pragmatic aspects of that language. It requires learning to adapt to different cultural norms. So, the challenge is to provide FL learners with opportunities to interact with people from other cultural and linguistic realities and re-focus the aims of FL learning to the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC). The introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) in education not only enhances the access to information but also enables intercultural contact among individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, setting the conditions for the development of curriculum-based telecollaboration projects. The LOA eTwinning project presented in this chapter was implemented in the context of an action-research project aimed to introduce an intercultural approach to teaching English to raise pupils’ motivation and challenge them to become more creative, more collaborative, and more autonomous.
Technologies to “Bridge the Gap” among Learning Contexts in Vocational Training
Authors: Motta Elisa , Boldrini Elena , Cattaneo Alberto
Published: October 2012

The dual-track system characterising Swiss Vocational Education and Training (VET) is based on the alternation of three learning locations: the school, the training company, and intercompany courses organised by occupational organisations. In this way, apprentices gain experiences in different contexts, which then have to be connected in a unique knowledge corpus in order to develop real professional competences. However, the different decision-making bodies involved in VET perceive a gap in the learning among the different contexts, for example consistency of work procedures. The two studies presented here focus on mobile technologies and Web 2.0-supported collaborative writing as examples of the use of technology in professional education to bridge this gap. The results emerged in terms of ease of use, perceived usefulness of the artefacts, and in terms of pedagogical added value of the instructional design. The findings confirm that the underlying pedagogical model is valuable and further research is warranted.
Does the One Who Asks the Question Lead the Way?
Authors: Liebscht Max , Wahren Sebastian
Published: October 2012

Teachers often tend to give answers to questions their students have not asked yet due to curricular requirements. In reflecting this practice, an experiment is documented where adult students were faced with enormously difficult questions. Their previous careers and education provided them with little experience in answering these questions. The vocational school where they were trained showed little commitment in assisting them. The outcome of the experiment was astonishing: the extremely complex tasks were excellently solved by all students. The findings might be interpreted in the light of the teacher’s didactic gifts. Yet another explanation seems to be worth investigating. This chapter focuses on empathy and other impacts on learning success which have different effects in different contexts of relationship. Charisma, too, is not a phenomenon of monologues, but bound to a certain type of acting together. For these reasons, the chapter takes a closer look at confidence building between teacher and students.
Research Learning of the Environmental Subjects in Case of Educational Polygons in Slovenia
Authors: Križan Jerneja , Korže Ana Vovk , Hriberšek Nina , Krajnc Mojca Kokot , Globovnik Nina
Published: October 2012

The Slovenian education system educates and trains young people under the guidelines of sustainable development, as this will increase responsibility and adherence to the environment and human society, which part we are. With this training, active method learning is emphasized, where students in empirical way in the real world through the experience of life and with use of their senses get the new knowledge. In this chapter, the authors present two learning polygons: a polygon for ecoremediations, and learning ground for permaculture, where students on the basis of experiential learning in real world pursue their learning objectives the field of geography. These are piloting examples of the educational polygons outside schools, and therefore create opportunity for practical application of frontal classroom lessons. Field works can substitute classroom activities and create new way of learning. Research and education work on polygons give possibilities for planning active work in landscape, team work, cooperation, and evaluation.
Teacher Training and Social Media
Authors: Fedeli Laura
Published: October 2012

The chapter deals with the implementation of a multi-author blog which was launched during the post-lauream course Online Tutor, promoted by the University of Macerata (Italy), and which aims to train teachers (both pre-service and in-service teachers at different school levels), to acquire the necessary skills to manage tutoring tasks for online courses. The description of the development of the blog from a course related tool to a lifelong community environment, aims to highlight the possibilities of the social online environment for fostering teachers’ reflections related to an online university training course and to provide an action strategy to create a participatory space for their lifelong learning. The key aspects of the project were the roles played by the blog in conveying and socializing the students’ personal experiences during the online learning process and the awareness that developed of the potential for a community blog to become a constantly-updatable educational space which can be used beyond the boundaries of the specific course it was designed for.
WebCEF
Authors: Baten Lut , Beaven Ana , Osborne John , Van Maele Jan
Published: October 2012

The main outcome of the WebCEF project (2006-2009) is an online collaboration tool for self-, peer-, and expert assessment of oral proficiency in the foreign language using the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). One distinctive feature of WebCEF is that it brings together learners and assessors in virtual communities of practice, locally and internationally. Thanks to the use of low-threshold technology, this tool – available freely online – has been used successfully in formal, non-formal, and informal learning. Attesting to its continued relevance, WebCEF was awarded the European Language Label in 2011. In this chapter, the authors discuss an experience involving trainee teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) of the University of Leuven (Belgium), EFL students at the Université de Savoie (France), and language teachers in France. It will be demonstrated how WebCEF can be a powerful platform for professional development through social mediation and a support for learner autonomy through assessment for learning.