bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABOUT THE MAIN PROSPECTS FOR ACHIEVING THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE KAMCHATKA REGION
Authors:   Kamchatka Branch Pacific Institute of Geography Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Dyakov Maxim Yu.
Published: May 2022

The article reveals the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations and the objectives of preserving and improving the quality of the natural, human and physical capital of the region. For the Kamchatka Territory, the main promising types of economic activities from the point of view of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals are identified, as well as the tools with which they can be achieved. The analysis of the dynamics of some components of human capital and some indicators of the physical capital of the region is carried out. The main stages of the region’s transition to sustainable development are highlighted. It is concluded that the Kamchatka Territory is at the initial stage of the process of such a transition.
ECONOMICS OF NATURE AND LAND USE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CARBON AGENDA
Authors:   Institute of Economics Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolstoguzov Oleg V. ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Belykh Anastasia D. ,   Institute of Economics Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

This research focuses on the creation of an analytical toolkit as part of monitoring formation to answer the Carboniferous challenge and achieve a deeper understanding of fundamental contradictions in the structure of socio-natural relations. This monitoring is necessary to calculate the carbon balance and to formulate timely legitimate financial and institutional decisions. The Dixit-Stiglitz monopolistic competition model, using an area-specific social discount rate, is used to account for financial performance and utility in an equilibrium high nature-intensive industry.
IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATIONAL BASE AND STAFF PERFORMANCE FOR THE PROCESS OF REFORMING THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Lyubarskaya Mariya A. , Bushikhin Valentin V. ,   Environmental Press Center at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the reasons that impede the sustainable development of the waste management sector in the Russian Federation. The authors put forward as a criterion for the successful reform of this area the availability of complete and up-to-date information for justified adoption by regions, municipalities and business entities of management decisions to improve the economic, environmental and social efficiency of waste management. Another important factor, according to the authors, is the work on professional development, training and retraining of specialists of all levels involved in waste management.
THE ROLE OF GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METFORMIN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Есламгалиева Ш. Н.
Published: May 2022

Клинический ответ на метформин сильно варьируется у пациентов с диабетом 2-го типа (СД2Т), что подчеркивает необходимость идентификации генетических компонентов, влияющих на эффективность терапии метформином. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы провести систематический обзор генетических исследований и оценить роль систематически отобранных tagSNP из геномных областей, а именно изучить генетический вклад полиморфизмов генов A>C гена SLC22А1 (rs622342), в гене A>G SLC22A2 (rs2481030), T>G SLC22A2 (rs7757336) в эффективность терапии метформином у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Относительно небольшое количество исследований было выполнено на выявление популяционных частот носительства значимых полиморфизмов генов A>C гена SLC22А1/OCT1 (rs622342), в гене A>G SLC22A2/OCT2 (rs2481030), T>G SLC22A2/OCT2 (rs7757336), ассоциированных с эффективностью терапии метформином. Разные исследования выявили, что пациенты, несущие минорный аллель С генотипа rs622342 ассоциируются с более низким риском резистентностью к инсулину в разных когортах. У пациентов с генами rs2481030 и rs7757336 выявлено сильное снижение эффективности работы метформина в европейских когортах. Рекомендованы дальнейшие исследования в различных этнических и гомогенных популяциях для более точного вывода. Генотипирование вышеупомянутых полиморфизмов может быть полезным для прогнозирования ответа на метформин при комбинированной терапии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа.

Resume: The clinical response to metformin is highly variable in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), highlighting the need to identify genetic components that influence the efficacy of metformin therapy. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of genetic studies and evaluate the role of systematically selected tagSNPs from genomic regions, namely to study the genetic contribution of the A>C gene polymorphisms of the SLC22A1 gene (rs622342), in the A>G gene of SLC22A2 (rs2481030), T >G SLC22A2 (rs7757336) in the efficacy of metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A relatively small number of studies have been performed to identify population carrier frequencies of significant polymorphisms of the A>C genes of the SLC22A1/OCT1 gene (rs622342), in the A>G SLC22A2/OCT2 (rs2481030), T>G SLC22A2/OCT2 (rs7757336) genes associated with the effectiveness of the metformin therapy. Various studies have found that patients carrying the minor C allele of the rs622342 genotype are associated with a lower risk of insulin resistance in different cohorts. Patients with rs2481030 and rs7757336 genes showed a strong decrease in the effectiveness of metformin in European cohorts. Further studies in various ethnic and homogeneous populations are recommended for a more accurate conclusion. Genotyping of the aforementioned polymorphisms may be useful in predicting the response to metformin in combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NASOPHARYNGEAL MICROBIOCENOSIS OF COVID-19 INFECTION AFFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Аверкина Т.Р. , Мустафина К.К. , Рамазанова Б.А. , Колоскова Е.А. , Абдрахманова А.К. , Юсупов Р.Р. , Хандилла З.М. , Искакова У.Б. , Бегадилова Т.С. , Мусаева А.А. , Бейсегулова Г.Н. , Нурматова А.С. , Маматова А.С.
Published: May 2022

В современном мире вирусы являются возбудителями основного числа острых инфекционных заболеваний дыхательных путей, которые уносят порядком 4-х миллионов человеческих жизней в год и наносят ущерб здоровью населения. В декабре 2019 года новой коронавирусной инфекцией SARS-CoV-2 была вызвана вспышка атипичных респираторных заболеваний в Китае. Заболевание COVID-19 стремительно распространилось по миру. В статье представлены результаты исследования 186-ти мазков из носоглотки, взятых у лиц, перенесших COVID-19 инфекцию, и произведена оценка состояния микробиоты носоглотки. Заинтересованность микробиотой обосновывается тем, что она представляет из себя своеобразный «орган», высокоорганизованную систему, реагирующую качественными и количественными сдвигами на динамическое состояние организма человека в различных условиях жизнедеятельности, здоровья и болезни. Согласно результатам исследования, у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19 инфекцию, наблюдаются структурные изменения микробиоты носоглотки, что позволяет предположить развитие дисбиотического процесса в организме человека и косвенно подтвердить снижение неспецифической резистентности организма под действием коронавирусной инфекции. В данной связи рекомендовать лицам, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию, проведение микробиологической коррекции для повышения их иммунного статуса.

In the modern world, viruses are the causative agents of the main number of acute infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, which kill about 4 million people per year and damage population health. In December 2019, a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 led to outbreak of atypical respiratory diseases in China. COVID-19 disease has spread rapidly around the world. The article presents the results of a study of 186 nasopharyngeal smears taken from people who had COVID-19 infection, and an assessment of the nasopharyngeal microbiota’s state. The interest in microbiota is justified by the fact that it is a kind of "organ", a highly organized system that reacts with qualitative and quantitative changes to the dynamic state of the human organism in various conditions of life, health and disease. According to the results of the study, patients who have had COVID-19 infection have structural changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiota, which suggests the development of a dysbiotic process in the human organism and indirectly confirm a decrease in nonspecific resistance of the organism under the influence of coronavirus infection. In this regard, it is recommended that persons who have had a coronavirus infection undergo microbiological correction to increase their immune status.
ANALYSIS OF THE FRACTIONAL RESERVE OF BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY BYPASSING
Authors: Киябаев А.М. , Егембердиев Т.Ж. , Кодасбаев А.Т. , Аубакирова А. С. , Фазылов Т.Р.
Published: May 2022

Актуальность. Ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС) связана с плохими клиническими исходами. Показано, что без выполнения реваскуляризации трехлетняя летальность достигает 50. Операция по аортокоронарному шунтированию долгое время является стандартным методом лечения пациентов с ИБС. Однако за последние несколько десятилетий произошел значительный быстрого прогресс, и появилась технология чрескожного коронарного шунтирования, современные стентов, развились методы вспомогательной визуализации и фармакотерапии, которые существенно изменили стратегию реваскуляризации для лечения ИБС. Цель. Изучить метод анализа фракционного резерва кровотока у пациентов после чрезкожного коронарного шунтирования. Материалы и методы. В настоящем обзоре были использованы базы данных MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd. Изучены источники без лимитирования по языку. Обзор литературы проводился в электронном и в ручном режимах. Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие критериям включения и исключения. Для поиска были использованы ключевые слова: Ишемическая болезнь сердца, реваскуляризация миокарда. Вывод. Проведенный обзор показал, что в настоящее время необходимы масштабные проспективные исследования, чтобы закрепить обоснованность ФРК после ЧКШ и определить оптимальный результат ФРК после ЧКШ.

Coronary artery disease is associated with poor clinical outcomes. It has been shown that without revascularization the three-year mortality rate reaches 50. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has long been a standard method of treating patients with coronary artery disease. However, over the past few decades, there has been significant rapid progress and the technology of percutaneous coronary bypass grafting, modern stents, assisted imaging and pharmacotherapy have developed, which have significantly changed the strategy of revascularization for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Purpose. To study the method of analysis of the fractional reserve of blood flow (FRF) in patients after percutaneous coronary artery bypass grafting. Materials and methods. In this review, the databases MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd were used. Sources are studied without language limitation. The literature review was carried out in electronic and manual modes. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the review. The following keywords were used for the search: Ischemic heart disease, myocardial revascularization. Output. The review showed that large-scale prospective studies are currently needed to consolidate the validity of PRK after CABG and to determine the optimal outcome of FRF after CABG.
TYPES OF COMPLICATIONS DURING DENTAL IMPLANTATION (REVIEW)
Authors: Ажибеков А.С. , Менчишева Ю.А.
Published: May 2022

Во время или после установки зубных имплантатов могут возникнуть различные виды осложнений. Многие из них проявляются сразу, однако некоторые могут проявиться гораздо позже. Большинство осложнений можно проследить до планирования и проведения лечения, и поэтому их можно предотвратить. В этой статье рассматриваются некоторые из наиболее распространенных и серьезных хирургических осложнений, связанных с установкой имплантатов. Цель. Провести анализ данных литературы по распространенным видам осложнений при дентальной имплантации. Стратегия поиска. В исследовании изучены полнотекстовые публикации на английском и русском языках, которые посвящены наиболее часто встречаемым видам осложнений при дентальной имплантации.В процессе поиска литературы использованы следующие поисковые системы: Pubmed, Web of science, Cyberleninka, Google Scholar по ключевым словам. Временной период был обозначен 2012-2022 годами. По данной теме выявлено 446 публикаций. Из них цели нашего исследования соответствовало 33 публикаций. Критерии включения: Публикации уровня доказательности А, В: мета-анализы, систематические обзоры, когортные и поперечные исследования. Критерии исключения: краткие отчеты, газетные статьи и личные сообщения. Результаты и выводы. Предотвратить все хирургические осложнения невозможно, однако многие из них можно свести к минимуму при правильном планировании. Для решения данной проблемы нужно проводить консультации с коллегами, компьютерную томографию и тщательный обзор истории болезни пациента.

Various types of complications may occur during or after the installation of dental implants. Many of them manifest immediately; however, some may manifest much later. Most complications can be traced back to the planning and implementation of treatment, and therefore they can be prevented. This article discusses some of the most common and serious surgical complications associated with implant placement. Objective. To analyze the literature data on common types of complications during dental implantation. Search strategy. The study examined full-text publications in English and Russian, which are devoted complications associated with implant placement. In the process of searching for literature, the following search engines were used: Pubmed, Web of science, Cyberleninka, Google Scholar by keywords. The time period was designated 2012-2022. 446 publications were identified on this topic. Of these, 33 publications corresponded to the purpose of our study. Inclusion criteria: Publications of the level of evidence A, B: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort and cross-sectional studies. Exclusion criteria: summary reports, newspaper articles and personal messages. Results and conclusions. It is impossible to prevent all surgical complications, but many of them can be minimized with proper planning. Consultation with colleagues, computed tomography, and a thorough review of the patient's medical history will help in this. When complications arise, the surgeon and the department staff should be ready to deal with them quickly.
METHOD FOR ARTHROSCOPIC STAPLING OF THE KNEE JOINT MENISCULA
Authors: Набиев Е.Н. , Казантаев К.Е. , Байзаков А.Р.
Published: May 2022

В статье описан разработанный авторами новый способ артроскопического сшивание мениска коленного сустава (патент РК № 35413 от 10.12.2021). Преимуществом нового способа артроскопического сшивания мениска является обеспечения максимального захвата оторванного фрагмента мениска путем проведения косо-вертикальных швов с экстракапсулярно расположенным узлом. Внесуставное расположение узлов исключает травматизацию суставного хряща мыщелков бедренной кости во время движения. Новый способ артроскопического сшивания мениска прост в выполнении, не требует дорогих инструментов, он может быть использован травматологами-ортопедами для сшивания менисков коленного сустава при полных свежих и застарелых повреждениях.

Resume: The article describes a new method developed by the authors for arthroscopic suturing of the meniscus of the knee joint (patent No. 35413 dated 10.12.2021). The advantage of the new method of arthroscopic suturing of the meniscus is to ensure maximum capture of the torn fragment of the meniscus by performing oblique-vertical sutures with an extracapsularly located node. The extra-articular location of the nodes eliminates the irritating effect with trauma to the articular cartilage of the condyles of the femur during movement. The new method of arthroscopic suturing of the meniscus is easy to perform, does not require expensive instruments, it can be used by orthopedic traumatologists for suturing the menisci of the knee joint with complete fresh and old injuries.
COMPLICATED CURRENTS OF A FOREIGN BODY OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Кусаинов А. , Турсунов К. , Мырзахмет С. , Куниязов Ж. , Курманалиев М.
Published: May 2022

Проблема инородных тел в дыхательных путях (ИТДП) представляется чрезвычайно актуальной, т.к. в 4-5 раза чаще встречаются у детей , чем у взрослых. Из них в 75% случаев встречается у детей до 3 лет. При поздней диагностике ИТДП приводят к тяжелейшим осложнениям, требующих длительного консервативного, а порой и объемного хирургические лечения. В данной статье, представлен клинический случай осложненного течения инородных тел легких у детей.

The problem of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract (FBRT) is extremely relevant, because it is 4-5 times more common in children than in adults. 75% of cases occur in children under 3 years of age. The late diagnosis FBRT leads to severe complications that require long-term conservative and sometimes extensive surgical treatment. This article presents a clinical case of complicated course of lung foreign bodies in children.
STUDY RESULTS ON THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN THE OVERWEIGHT PREVENTION IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
Authors: Каныбекова А.А. , Аимбетова Г.Е. , Рамазанова М.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены результаты анкетирования родителей детей школьного возраста для определения факторов, влияющих на их роль в профилактике избыточной массы тела у детей школьного возраста. В качестве целевых групп выступили родители детей школьного возраста прикреплённых к ГКП на ПХВ ГП№10 г.Алматы. Анализ основных результатов социологического исследования показал, что у каждого шестого ребенка имеется избыточный вес, родители не контролируют характер их питания и не стимулируют их к достаточной физической активности.

Resume. The article presents the survey results of school-age children’s parents to determine the factors influencing their role in the overweight prevention in school-age children. The target groups were parents of school-age children assigned to the Unitary Enterprise based on the Right of Economic Management of the City Polyclinic No. 10 in Almaty. Analysis of the main results of the sociological study showed that one in six children is overweight, parents do not control the nature of their diet and do not encourage them to be physically active enough.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DIFFUSE LIVER DAMAGE USING STEM CELLS
Authors: Куракбаев Е.Б. , Сапарбаев С.С. , Турдалиева Б.С. , Щукин В.В.
Published: May 2022

Определение ВОЗ цирроз печени (ЦП) - процесс, характеризующийся фиброзом и трансформацией органа в аномальные узелки в результате следующих процессов: непрерывный некроз гепатоцитов, непрерывная регенерация гепатоцитов, несбалансированный фиброгенез, нарушение архитектоники печеночной дольки с появлением ложных долек. До середины двадцатого века единственным лечением оставалось только трансплантация печени, но осложнении и летальность после трансплантации остается очень высока. Поэтому ученые всего мира ищут альтернативу трансплантации печени. Развития электронных технологии сопутствует развитию биотехнологии и клеточной трансплантации. Методы: В этом обзоре обобщено исследования в области лечения заболеваний печени на основе стволовых клеток. Результаты: Приведены несколько типов клеток для регенерации печени, это- эмбриональные стволовые клетки, индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки, мезенхимальные стволовые клетки и гемопоэтические стволовые клетки. Заключение: Терапия на основе стволовых клеток может быть перспективным методом лечения, которая полностью или частично уменьшит осложнения основного заболевания.

WHO Definition cirrhosis of the liver is a process characterized by fibrosis and transformation of an organ into abnormal nodules as a result of the following processes: continuous necrosis of hepatocytes, continuous regeneration of hepatocytes, unbalanced fibrogenesis, violation of the architectonics of the hepatic lobule with the appearance of false lobules. Until the middle of the twentieth century, the only treatment was organ transplantation (liver), but complications and mortality after transplantation remain very high. Therefore, scientists around the world are looking for an alternative to liver transplantation. The development of electronic technology accompanies the development of biotechnology and cell transplantation. Methods: This review summarizes research in the field of treatment of liver diseases based on stem cells. Results: Several types of cells for liver regeneration are given, these are embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Conclusion: Stem cell-based therapy may be a promising treatment method that will completely or partially reduce the complications of the underlying disease.
Influence of pain on physical activity during intra-stationary cardiorehabilitation
Authors: Байболова М. , Болатбеков Б. , Трушева К. , Аманбаева Б. , Джаппаркулова А. , Болатбекова З. , Курамыс С.
Published: May 2022

Цель: оценить влияние боли на параметры КР у больных перенесших открытую операцию на сердце во время физической кардиореабилитации. Методы. В этом продольном исследовании участвовали 65 пациентов после открытых операции на сердце. Данные были проанализированы с помощью теста Манни-Уитни. Уровень значимости оценивалось как p-значения ≤0,05. Результаты: длительность тренировок в группе Вонга-Бейкера <5 (1-группа) выше чем во второй группе до КР (p=0.042), а также после участия в КР (p=0.035). Также отмечается во второй группе параметр МЕТ улучшился по сравнению с первой после в КР (p=0.032). Однако, такие параметры как ТШХ, ФВ ЛЖ не имели статистической значимости до и после программы КР. Выводы: Болевой синдром после открытых операции на сердце не влияет на основные параметры оценки эффективности КР.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of pain on CR parameters in patients undergoing open heart surgery during physical cardiac rehabilitation. Methods. This longitudinal study included 65 patients after open heart surgery. The data were analyzed using the Munney-Whitney test. Significance level was estimated as p-values ≤0.05. Results: the duration of training in the Wong-Baker group <5 (group 1) is higher than in the second group before the CR (p=0.042), as well as after participating in the CR (p=0.035). It is also noted that in the second group the MET parameter improved compared to the first after the CR (p=0.032). However, such parameters as TSHH, LV EF had no statistical significance before and after the CR program. Conclusions: Pain after open heart surgery does not affect the main parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of CR.
OPTIMIZATION OF INSULIN PUMP THERAPY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES BY INSULIN PUMP THERAPY ACCORDING TO A MODIFIED TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: Ташманова А.Б. , Беркинбаев С.Ф. , Рахимова Г.Н. , Большекова С.В. , Абылайулы Ж.
Published: May 2022

Нами на протяжении от 3-х лет обследовано 2 группа больных детей и подростков с СД 1 типа. Основную группу с модифицированной программы обучения составил 68 детей и подростков. Контрольную группу без обучением составил 57 детей и подростков которые находились на амбулаторно-стационарном лечении и наблюдались в разных клиниках, обучались в «Школе диабета 1 типа» традиционным методом. Показатели целевых уровней терапии лучше в группах с модифицированным обучением, по сравнению контрольной группой, что подтверждает большую роль мотивированных родителей в контроле сахарного диабета 1 типа и есть возможность частые измерение гликемии крови в суток более 200- 300 раз на сенсорах - FreeStyle Libre, и во время принимать меры со стороны родителей и врачей при высоких гликемии крови. Создание модифицированной структурированной программы по обучению больных СД 1 типа с учетом индивидуальных особенностей, а также культурных и национальных традиций является актуальной и своевременной.

Resume:We have examined the 2nd group of sick children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes for 3 years. The main group with the modified curriculum consisted of 68 children and adolescents. The control group without training consisted of 57 children and adolescents who were on outpatient-inpatient treatment and were observed in different clinics, trained in the "School of type 1 diabetes" by the traditional method. The indicators of target levels of therapy are better in the groups with modified learning, compared to the control group, which confirms the large role of motivated parents in the control of type 1 diabetes mellitus and there is the possibility of frequent measurement of blood glucose per day more than 200-300 times on the FreeStyle Libre sensors, and during time to take action on the part of parents and doctors with high blood glucose levels. The creation of a modified structured training program for patients with type 1 diabetes, taking into account individual characteristics, as well as cultural and national traditions, is relevant and timely.
ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF WOMEN OF THE REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD WHO HAVE HAD A CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY)
Authors: Джусупова Б.Н. , Сейдуанова Л.Б. , Оракбай Л.Ж. , Нартаева М.М. , Иманбаева Ж.А.
Published: May 2022

Всемирная организация здравоохранения назвала заболевание коронавирусной болезнью 2019 (COVID-19) и впоследствии объявила его пандемией из-за широко распространенной заразности и высокого уровня заражения. Несмотря на серьезность ситуации, к настоящему моменту опубликовано лишь небольшое количество работ, освещающих нам вопросы течения беременности и родов у беременных женщин, перенесших COVID- 19. Поэтому сохранение репродуктивного здоровья у женщин фертильного возраста, после перенесённой коронавирусной инфекции представляет особую актуальность. Цель исследования: оценка состояния здоровья женщин репродуктивного возраста, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию. Материалы и методы. Дизайн исследования: одномоментное поперечное. Было проведено одномоментное поперечное исследование среди 300 пациенток, взятые с истории болезни. Из этого количества пациенток ответили на онлайн-анкетирование через Google форму 204. Результаты: Проведен анализ анкетирование среди женщин, перенесших Covid-19. Больше половина женщин 53,4% перенесли коронавирусную инфекцию в 2020 году. Женщины репродуктивного периода, перенесшие коронавирусную инфекцию, отмечают снижение состояние здоровья, выражающееся в появление слабости, когнитивных нарушений, выпадений волос, потере запаха и вкуса, частых простудах. Заключение. Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 оказывает негативное влияние на репродуктивное здоровье женщин. Необходимы дальнейшие углубленные исследования в этом направлении.

Resume: The World Health Organization named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) and subsequently declared it a pandemic because of its widespread contagiousness and high infection rate. Despite the seriousness of the situation, only a small number of papers have been published to date covering us about the course of pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women with COVID- 19. Therefore, the preservation of reproductive health in women of childbearing age after coronavirus infection is of particular relevance. Objective of the study: to evaluate the health status of women of reproductive age who had coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. Study design: a single-stage cross-sectional study. A one-stage cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 female patients taken from their medical histories. Of this number of patients responded to an online questionnaire via Google form 204. Results: A questionnaire analysis was conducted among women who had undergone Covid-19. More than half of the women 53.4% had had a coronavirus infection in 2020. Women of reproductive age who have had a coronavirus infection report decreased health status in the form of weakness, cognitive impairment, hair loss, loss of smell and taste, and frequent colds. Conclusion. A new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has a negative effect on the reproductive health of women. Further in-depth research in this area is needed.
INFERTILITY IN EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Скакова Р.С. , Кошенова Л.Б. , Пернебекова У.А. , Уметай С.С. , Лемис А.М. , Тасу М.Қ.
Published: May 2022

Наружный генитальный эндометриоз (НГЭ) встречается у 5-10% женщин репродуктивного возраста. Частота выявления этого заболевания при лапароскопии, в том числе проводимой с целью уточнения причины бесплодия, составляет 45-55%. Среди обращающихся в центры вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий для проведения ЭКО более 35% пациенток имеют наружный генитальный эндометриоз (1). При выработке плана ведения больных бесплодием, ассоциированным с эндометриозом, следует учитывать возраст женщины, продолжительность бесплодия, наличие боли и стадию заболевания. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 72 историй болезни в Центр перинатологии и детской кардиохирургии г. Алматы, пациентки поступали в отделение гинекологии по порталу на плановое оперативное лечение, пациентки, поступившие в отделение гинекологии за 2014-2018гг., из числа которых была сформирована исследуемая группа, женщины с бесплодием и с верифицированным с наружным генитальным эндометриозом, получившие хирургическое лечение (n-76). Возраст женщин от 18 до 40 лет, всего 72 женщин, средний возраст 31±3. С бесплодие I 40-56%, с бесплодием II -32-44%.

Resume: External genital endometriosis (OGE) occurs in 5-10% of women of reproductive age. The frequency of detection of this disease during laparoscopy, including those carried out to clarify the cause of infertility, is 45-55%. Among those applying to assisted reproductive technology centers for IVF, more than 35% of patients have external genital endometriosis (1). When developing a management plan for patients with infertility associated with endometriosis, the age of the woman, the duration of infertility, the presence of pain and the stage of the disease should be taken into account. A retrospective analysis of data from 72 medical histories was carried out at the Center of Perinatology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery in Almaty, patients were admitted to the gynecology department via the portal for planned surgical treatment, patients who were admitted to the gynecology department for 2014-2018, from among whom the study group was formed, women with infertility and with verified external genital endometriosis, who received surgical treatment (n-76). The age of women is from 18 to 40 years, there are 72 women in total, the average age is 31±3. With infertility I 40-56%, with infertility II -32-44%.
The Premiere of Victor Hugo’s Les Burgraves (7th of March 1843) and the Narrative Construction of Its Reception
Authors: Giraud Agathe
Published: May 2022

The 7th of March 1843 has constituted a key event in French literature history for nearly a century and a half, but this event was largely fabricated: on the one hand, as early as 1843, it was reconstituted by the discourse of critics opposed to Hugo; on the other hand, in the following decades, this date was made into a major event by the story told in school textbooks. The media coverage of the play as well as the manipulation to which is was subjected actually first marked out the play as an event, thereby determining its ulterior reception: on the few occasions when the play was revived (in 1902 for the centenary of Hugo’s birth, and in 1977 when it was produced by Antoine Vitez), both the audience and the critics persistently referred to 1843 and to Les Burgraves’s alleged failure, as if it were always to be understood on the basis of its original reception. The narrative construction of 1843 as an event thus conditioned the play’s reception when it was revived on such occasions, and the premiere continued to be perceived as a failure, even though the play’s first production was in fact a success.
Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Illness in Children—Experience from Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Munawar Rubab , Shafi Hina , Hussain Asia , Qadeer Tahira , Balouch Varda , Rameez Rubab , Khurram Aftab Rana
Published: May 2022

Objective: Assessing detailed clinical profile as well as outcome in severe acute respiratory infection coronavirus infectious disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected children. Methods: This is a retrospective study undertaken at pediatric departments of tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Rawalpindi and Mirpur AJK for the period of three months from July 2021 to September 2021. The clinical characteristics data as well as result of children under 18 years infected with COVID-19 were reviewed as well as analyzed. Results: In total 2919 children that were suspected to be COVID-19 infected were verified for COVID-19 virus in flu emergency (n = 1744), severe acute respiratory infection ward (n = 825) and non-COVID (n = 350). From these studies, 8.73% children tested positive for COVID-19 infection. Of the positive cases, 56.47% were managed for outpatients and 59% needed admission. Most children admitted had critical illness owing to malnutrition and other comorbidities. Conclusions: Children of any age group are vulnerable to COVID-19 with minor male preponderance. Amongst infected, 2/3rd were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and needed outpatient management as well as home isolation. The adverse consequences were commonly observed in infants as well as children under 10 years of age with undernourishment and comorbidity. Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Comorbidities, Respiratory infection
Excision of Fibroadenoma with an Upper Incision Compared To the Periareolar Incision
Authors: Farooqi Nayab Batin , Naseer Samia , Atari Hafiz Abdul Hanan , Balouch Varda , Muzaffar Ali Joyo Romasa
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Breast fibroadenomas are removed traditionally with overlying incision on the tumor. The peri-areolar incision is a new and cosmetically important development for fibroadenomas excision. Aim: The aim of the analysis is to assess the peri-areolar method of excision of fibroadenoma. Place and Duration: In the surgical department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital and DHQ Hospital Rawalpindi for one-year duration from June 2020 to May 2021. Methods: The patients were selected by non-randomized technique and clinical data from 40 patients (Group A) who underwent excision of fibroadenoma via a peri-areolar incision and 42 patients who underwent the overlying technique of incision were analyzed retrospectively, and the parameters were evaluated such as the duration of the operation, the overall cosmetic outcomes and postoperative complications. The peri-areolar incision technique is explained in relations of indications and the surgical technique. Results: The use of the peri-areolar technique resulted in faster postoperative complications (4/40 vs 2/40, p = 0.072). The 6-month follow-up exhibited that the subjects who experienced peri-areolar procedure had improved cosmetic results (95% group A vs 71.4% group B, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Peri-areolar incision gives improved cosmetic results compared to the overlying technique of incision, at the expense of minor postoperative complications. Keywords: Areola, Breast fibroadenoma, Peri-areolar incision.
Radiological Outcome of Fracture of Neck of Femur Treated with Two versus Three Cannulated Screws Fixation in Adults
Authors: Ahmad Tariq , Khan Abdus Samad , Ali Waleed , Ahmed Waqar , Younas Muhammad , Shah Lubna
Published: May 2022

Objective: Adults with neck-of-femur fractures will be compared between two and three cannulated screws for fixation in this study. Study Design: Comparative/Experimental study Place and Duration: Orthopaedics and Trauma Department of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan and the department of Orthopaedics, Gambat Institutes of Medical and Science, Sindh during the period from April 2021 to September 2021 Methods: There were 90 patients of both genders had garden type fractures of neck of femur with ages 15-55years were included. Age, gender, and the reason of the fracture were among the variables collected after patients provided written consent. Patients were equally segregated into two groups. Group I had 45 patients and received cannulated screws fixation and in group II 45 patients received three cannulated screws fixation. Post treatment radiological union was assessed and compared at the 14th week. We used SPSS 23.0 to analyze complete data. Results: There were majority males 75 (83.3%) and only 15 (16.7%) females in this study. Most common cause of fracture was road accidents found in 65 (72.2%) cases followed by falling from height in 18 (20%) cases and sports in 7 (7.8%) cases. In group I mean age of the patients was 34.9±7.16 years and had mean BMI 23.6±3.22 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 35.2±3.61 years with mean BMI 24.2±2.19 kg/m2. Mean union time in group I was 9.1±3.16 weeks and in group II mean time was 13.3±4.14 weeks. Frequency of radiological union in group I was higher among 43 (95.6%) cases as compared to group II in 37 (82.2%) cases. Overall success rate of radiological union was found among 88.9% cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that two cannulated screws fixation was effective and useful as compared to three cannulated screws fixation in the management of fracture of neck of femur in terms of less radiological union time and higher number of success rate among all cases. Keywords: Fracture Neck of Femur, Two Cannulated Screws Fixation, Three Cannulated Screws Fixation, Radiological Outcome
Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancies and its Obstetric Outcomes
Authors: Ali Tabassum , Bahadur Abroo , Bashir Bushra , Hassan Tariq , Ishaq Benish , Qasim Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Hypertension, placental abruption, low birth weight, fetal death, and preterm birth are different pregnancy complications associated with clinical thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction is common among pregnant women. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancies and its obstetric outcomes. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted 164 antenatal women with singleton pregnancy in third trimester at the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for the duration of six months from January 2021 to October 2021. All the pregnant women irrespective of parity, socio-economics, and age were enrolled after taking informed consent. All cases of thyroid disorders and having multiple pregnancy were left out. Routinely hematological factors and estimation of TSH, fT3, and fT4 was performed. Fetal and maternal complications were assessed subsequently in patients for thyroid deranged profile. Thyroid disease family and infertility history, level of hemoglobin, menstrual pattern, fetal outcome, and recurrent abortion were the main parameters. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 164 women screened, prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 41 (25%). The incidence of subclinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and overt hypothyroidism was 13 (7.8%), 6 (3.7%), and 9 (5.4%) respectively. Higher TSH and abnormal fT4 was found in one sample. About 28.5% patients had anemia among over and subclinical hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with NICU admission 39.2% (p=0.001), LBW 28.7% (p=0.001), and low APGAR score 23.6% (p=0.039). Comparing hypothyroidism women to euthyroid women, risk of NICU admission, low birth weight, lower APGAR score, and anemia was found 1.3, 5.8, 3.7, and 4.9 times higher. Conclusion: Our study revealed that pregnant women are more susceptible to subclinical hypothyroidism. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 3.7%. Hypothyroidism is associated with pre-eclampsia, anemia, neonatal morbidities, and high caesarean rates. Keywords: Pregnancy, Hypothyroidism, Thyroid dysfunction, obstetric outcomes
Unveiling the Taboo: Awareness of Testicular Cancer & Testicular Self Examination
Authors: Qadri Haseeb Mehmood
Published: May 2022

Male sexual and reproductive health is as important as the well-being of other organ-systems. The female breast cancer awareness mission acquired it's Renaissance in Pakistan, a decade back, but the male sexual and reproductive health is a topic almost untouched. The month of April is celebrated as the month of Testicular Cancer (TC) awareness worldwide, as declared by the American Association for Cancer Research. Among the males aged 20-40 years, TC is the most common malignancy encountered worldwide. It is the second most common malignant neoplasm of teenagers aged 15-19 years.1 Of all the malignancies in males, TC has a reported frequency of 0.5-1.5%.2 According to Globocan 2012, the incidence of new cases of TC worldwide was 0.4% which remained constantly the same in 2020, but the number of cases of TC increased significantly worldwide. The incidence of mortality related to TC was documented to increase from zero percent to 0.1% in Globocan 2020 fact sheets3,4.
Comparative Effects of Mulligan’s Two Leg Rotation Technique and Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Flexibility
Authors: Razzaq Maryam , Bhatti Zahid Mehmood , Nawaz Umber , Ghani Hafiza Muriam , Nisa Zaib-Un- , Hina Maryam
Published: May 2022

Aim: To compare the effects of the Mulligan two-leg rotation technique (TLR) and the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) on hamstring flexibility. Methods: The Double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted among 108 subjects including both males and females with the age group of 18-35 years and on examination having hamstring tightness measured by an Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test. Group A was given Mulligan’s Two leg rotation (TLR) technique with routine physiotherapy, and Group B was given Muscle energy technique (MET) with routine physiotherapy. A total of 12 sessions were given to both groups, 3 sessions per week. Data was calculated at baseline and after every 6th session. Results: Group A had 50% males and females and Group B had 53.7% males and 46.3% females. There was a significant improvement in the flexibility of the hamstring with the application of Mulligan-TLR and MET. However, the increase in AKE range of motion was higher in MET compared to the Mulligan TLR group. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean between the two groups and shows a significant difference in values of Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPRS) (P˂0.005) and AKE (P˂0.005) after 12 sessions. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both techniques are effective in improving hamstrings flexibility but better results are shown with MET. Therefore, it is concluded that both can be administered in clinical practice for improving hamstring flexibility. Keywords: Knee, Low back pain, Pain
Comparative Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Vs Unfractionated Heparin in Surgical Patients Receiving DVT Prophylaxis
Authors: Iqbal Monsif , Hussain Shabab , Wahid Abdul , Karim Khan , Aslam Viqar , Nasir Muhammad , Khan Faisal , Ullah Inam
Published: May 2022

Aim : To evaluate low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in terms of post operative haemorrhage in surgical patients. Study design: Randomized control trail study Place and duration of duty: Surgical Department, POF Hospital Wah Cantt and DHQ Teaching Hospital KDA Kohat from 7th September 2018 to 7th March 2020. Methodology: Two hundred patients of moderate risk for venous thromboembolism were included in the study and divided into groups 1&2. Group 1 patients were receiving low molecular weight heparin and group 2 on unfractionated heparin. Patients in both groups were observed for post operative haemorrhage at 1st, 2ndand 3rd postoperative day. Results: Post operative haemorrhage from surgical wound was noticed in a single patient of group 1 and 11 pts of group 2. Conclusion: The chances of post operative haemorrhage are less in patient receiving Low molecular weight heparin in contrast to unfractionated heparin in prevention of venous thrombosis and embolism in surgical patients Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, Heparin, Post-operative haemorrhage
Relation between BMI, Total Leukocyte count and C Reactive Protein in Preeclampsia
Authors: Ali Zaima , Zaki Saima , Khalid Atiqa , Ahmad Sadia , Zafar Uzma , Naz Shaheena
Published: May 2022

Aim: To check the correlation of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Total Leukocyte count (TLC) and C Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Methods: It was a comparative cross sectional study with 120 participants divided into two groups with 60 diagnosed cases of preeclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant women with normal blood pressure. The samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy. All the participants were in the range of 20-40 years of age and had a BMI within 18-25kg/m2. Results: TLC and BMI were significantly high in the preeclamptic group (p value <0.001). BMI correlated positively with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p value <0.05). A positive correlation at a significant p value of < 0.05 was observed between BMI and CRP levels. Moreover, BMI correlated with TLC at a statisticaly significant level (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that BMI is related to CRP levels as well as TLC in pregnancies complicated with PE. High BMI in the preeclamptic group highlights the role of adipose tissue as a source of systemic inflammation. In addition to placental dysfunction adipose tissue might contribute to the systemic inflammation due to superfluous production of inflammatory mediators. Keywords: BMI, C reactive protein, leukocyte count
Comparison of the Efficacy of Aspirin with Rivaroxaban in Postoperative DVT Prophylaxis after Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Jato Fahad Siddique , Buriro Muzafar Hussain , Ali Sajjad , Younis Muhammad , Ahmed Faheem , Munir Arshan
Published: May 2022

Background: Patients suffering from severe hip arthritis and osteonecrosis are increasingly turning to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as a treatment option, according to recent research. If deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is not treated properly, it can result in a life-threatening pulmonary embolism as well as other potentially life-threatening consequences (PE). Aim: To compare the efficacy of aspirin with rivaroxaban in postoperative dvt prophylaxis after hip arthroplasty in patients at tertiary care hospital, Karachi Methodology: The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan approved this study prior to its completion. The Department of Orthopedics at JPMC, Karachi, chose those who had complete hip arthroplasty for the study. The school's ethical committee approved the study before it could begin. Before participating in the trial, all patients signed an informed consent form granting them permission to do so. Results: Patients from JPMC Karachi's Department of Orthopedics were included in the study. They were aged 49 to 75. Travel time to the hospital was an average of 58.878.19 years. They were aged 49 to 75. For every month, hour, and day spent in hospital, there are 14.416.14. Eighty people used aspirin, 32(40%) were 40-60 and 48(60%) were 61-75. In the rivaroxaban group, 40 patients (50%) were 40-60, and (61-75). The aspirin group had 80 patients, 38 male (47%) and 42 female (42%) (52.5%). One hundred and twenty-five patients (68.8%) were on rivaroxaban (31.2%). Conclusions: People who have a spontaneous venous thromboembolism should not be given long-term thromboprophylaxis after taking oral anticoagulants until more research is done. It is very important to figure out what DVY risk factors are in order to come up with preventative measures that are both safe and affordable. People can live longer if they get an early diagnosis and get treatment quickly, so they can live longer. High-quality, large-scale studies must be done before a conclusion can be drawn. Keywords: DVY risk, thromboembolism, thromboprophylaxis, arthroplasty