bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnTe Thin Films Deposited at Various Substrate Temperatures
Authors: Gandhi J.R. , Patel K.D. , Solanki G.K.
Published: March 2013

The structural and electrical properties of ZnTe thin films were investigated as a function of substrate temperature. Vacuum evaporated thin films of Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) of 10kÅ thickness have been deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates at various substrate temperatures (303K, 373K 448K). Structural parameters were obtained using XRD analysis. It was observed that the films deposited were cubic in nature with a strong (111) texture. Electrical parameters (Hall Effect measurement) have been obtained and studied at various temperatures in the range 303-393K. It is observed that Hall coefficient remains positive throughout the whole temperature range indicating that holes are the majority carriers. The results obtained from structural and electrical parameters study have been correlated and it is found that the thin films deposited at higher substrate temperatures possess increasingly good crystalline structure with improved electrical conductivity along with an increase in carrier concentration and mobility of carriers.
Catalytic Performance of SO42-/TiO2 for the Conversion of High Fructose Corn Syrup
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Shu Bin , Li Bo
Published: March 2013

SO42-/TiO2 catalysts prepared by precipitation and impregnation method were used for the dehydration of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in aqueous solution. Effects of various parameters and catalyst reuse towards catalytic performance of SO42-/TiO2 were studied in detail. Experimental results showed that calcine temperature and acid concentration had significant influence on the essential catalyst properties. SO42-/TiO2, treated with 0.50 mol/L H2SO4 and calcined at 773 K for 3 h, showed the best catalytic effect. The recovered catalyst after calcination was found to show slower deactivation rate compared to those without calcination.
Effects of Fermentation Temperature and Waste Paper (as Auxiliary Feedstock) on Biogas Yield of Ulva pertusa
Authors: Li Xiu Chen , Gu Xiao Hua , Zhang Guo Chen , Mu Chen Xiao , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2013

Experimental studies on biogas yield of Ulva pertusa were carried out at different fermentation conditions. At 25°C, 35°C and 45°C, the biogas yield from fermentation of Ulva pertusa were 223.2mL/gVS, 256.2mL/gVS and 300.0mL/gVS,respectively, while the methane content in the biogas produced at 35°C was the highest. In addition, biogas yield reached to 482.5mL/gVS and 499.6mL/gVS by adding waste paper of 3.5g and 7.0g to the fermentation liquor, the corresponding methane content in the biogas were 56.0% and 51.2%, respectively. Comparatively, higher biogas yield, methane content and system stability could obtain from Ulva pertusa by adding 3.5g ~ 7.0g of waste paper and fermentation at 35°C.The fermentation process of Ulva pertusa for biogas production generally lasted for 19~25 days.
A Study on the Seebeck Effect of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (PTCDA) as a Novel N-Type Material in a Thermoelectric Device
Authors: Rahman Zurianti A. , Sulaiman Khaulah , Rusop Mohamad , Abu Bakar Ahmad Shuhaimi
Published: March 2013

The studies on the thermoelectric (TE) properties of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and a conducting polymer Poly(ethylenedioxythiopene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)–PH1000 are presented. PTCDA and PEDOT:PSS have been used as a potential n-type material and a p-type material for the TE device, respectively. The Seebeck coefficients, open circuit voltage and the output power have been obtained for the fabricated TE device. The Seebeck effect was observed on this TE device where the output power in the range of 1 nW/cm2 to 5 nW/cm2,was successfully deduced from this TE device. It was found that the association of PEDOT:PSS and PTCDA have been acting well in this TE device. However, a higher TE performance, in the future could be developed, by applying a thermal treatment and introducing a suitable dopant to this n-type material which may increase the mobility of the electrons and the Seebeck coefficient.
Deposition of Amorphous Carbon Thin Films via Bias Assisted Pyrolysis-CVD
Authors: Ishak A. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

The as deposited amorphous carbon (a-C) thin films were successfully deposited by using ethanol and palm oil precursors via a novel bias assisted pyrolysis-CVD ranging from 300oC to 550oC with constant of negative bias -40V and -50V in 3h and 1h deposition. The thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopic (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), and I-V measurement. The resistivity of as deposited a-C thin films using ethanol precursor at 300oC, 350oC, 400oC and 500oC were 9.57 x106Ω/cm, 9.44 x106Ω/cm, 9.81 x105Ω/cm and 337738.124 Ω/cm respectively and conductivity were 1.00445 x10-7 cm/Ω, 1.0593 x10-7,cm/Ω, 1.01963x10-6 cm/Ω, and 2.67825 x10-6 cm/Ω. For palm oil precursor (400oC-550oC), the resistivity were calculated, 3.83x104Ω/cm, 1.32x104Ω/cm, 3.77x104Ω/cm, and 4.19x105Ω/cm respectively while conductivity were 2.61 x 10- 5 cm/Ω, 7.60 x 10- 5 cm/Ω, 2.65 x 10- 5 cm/Ω, and 2.39 x 10- 6 cm/Ω. The samples showed all the resistivity values were in the range of semiconductor. The results showed that increasing temperature decreased resistivity of thin films for ethanol precursor. The resistivity thin films obtained from palm oil precursor were smaller as compared with ethanol precursor.
Factors Affecting the Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Dip-Coating Method: A Review
Authors: Malek Mohd Firdaus , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Musa Mohamed Zahidi , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop
Published: March 2013

Recent research papers for zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films prepared by dip-coating method are reviewed. The aim is on the factors affecting the properties of ZnO thin films prepared by dip-coating method and the preparation of ZnO solution precursor using sol-gel process. Several of journals have been discovered to find out the related study on this topic. It was found that solution chemical equilibrium, substrate and thermal processing are the factors that contribute to the various properties of ZnO thin films. This review hopefully can help in improving the properties of ZnO thin film for possible applications to photoconductor, integrated sensor, transparent conducting oxide electrodes, optoelectronic devices and so on.
Optical Band Gap Decrement of Nanocomposited MEH-PPV:CNTs Thin Film for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Saad Puteri Sarah Mohamad , Zainal Mohd Hazrin , Zahid Fazlinashatul Suhaidah , Zulkifli Zurita , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: March 2013

This work focus on optical band gap of nanocomposited MEH-PPV:CNTs thin film. In this research we investigate the behavior of optical band gap when the composition of CNTs powder is increased which directly influence the thickness of the thin film. The experimental process entailed for the black powder of CNTs to be first annealed at 450 °C before mixing it with the polymer solution to ensure that the impurities in the CNTs are all removed. The 20 mg MEH-PPV polymer was dissolved in an aromatic solvent which is toluene with a concentration of 1:1. The composite materials were prepared by adding appropriate amounts of CNTs powder (1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) into the polymer solution to make various ratios of CNTs powder/polymer composites. The optical properties of the thin film were analyzed by using Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 UV/Vis Spectrometer. Thickness of the thin film is measured using Surface profiler Veeco Dektak 150. In this paper, the optical band gap energy is derived by assuming a direct transition of electron between the edge of the valence band and the conduction band. Our results demonstrates that as the thickness decrease from 62, 60, 59, 58 and 57 nm, the optical band gap showed slight decrement from 2.07, 2.07, 2.05, 2.01 and 2.00 eV for respectively.
Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Hole Transport Material Properties to the Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Nur Amalina Muhamad , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

The improvement of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells requires identification and understanding of hole transport material properties at various deposition process that limit the energy conversion efficiency. A well-studied of this hole collectors properties, a high efficiency ss-DSSC is highly achievable. In this research work, the copper (I) iodide (CuI) had been deposited by spin coating and mist-atomization technique. The thin films characteristics of surface morphology and electrical properties and its effect to the photovoltaic performance were investigated. The thin films morphology examined by FESEM shows smaller CuI crystal size deposited by spin coating (S1) of ~30nm. Even though, smaller particle size of hole conductor is desirable in order to achieve high pore penetration, the thin film thickness and the electrical resistivity are also essential. The CuI thin films deposited by mist-atomization (M1) shows a low resistivity of 1.77 x 10-1 Ωcm which will greatly affect the device performance. The photovoltaic performance of ss-DSSC at different method CuI deposition shows the highest efficiency of 1.05% for sample (M1) while the ss-DSSC fabricated with S1 sample shows the lowest conversion efficiency of 0.02%. The appropriate crystals size of CuI, film thickness and the electrical resistivity greatly contributed to the high filling fraction of the porous TiO2 layer and hence the cells performance.
Malaysian Palm Oil For Carbon Nanotubes Preparation
Authors: Azira A.A. , Zainal N.F.A. , Nik S.F. , Mohamed F. , Soga T. , Abdullah Saifollah , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Carbon nanotubes The discovery of ‘fullerenes’ added a new dimension to the knowledge of carbon science1; and the discovery of ‘carbon nanotubes’ (CNTs, elongated fullerene) added a new dimension to knowledge of technology2. Today, ‘nanotechnology’ is a hot topic attracting scientist, industrialists, journalist, governments, and even the general public. Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer scale and the exploitation of novel phenomena and properties of matter (physical, chemical, biological, electrical, etc.) at that length scale. CNTs are supposed to be the key component of nanotechnology. Almost every week a new potential application of CNTs is identified, stimulating scientists to peep into this tiny tube with ever increasing curiosity.
Effect of Nickel Catalyst on Carbon Nanotubes by Using Palm Oil as a Starting Material
Authors: Helena L. , Azira A.A. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were produced on silicon (Si) substrate prepared by Thermal-CVD method using C55H96O6 (Palm Oil) as a starting material. Catalyst has been prepared by dissolving Nickel (II) nitrate, Ni (NO3) 2.6H2O and ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH. The CNTs was deposited on nickel coated silicon where the nickel acts as catalyst .Various parameters such as amount of catalyst, amount of palm oil, deposition time, deposition temperature, flow rate of gas and carrier gas have been studied. By using Thermal-CVD, samples were penetrated using NH3 (argon) gas at a temperature 700-900oC for catalyst and 450oC for Palm Oil. Surface morphology and uniformity of CNTs were characterized using FESEM at different deposition temperature. Chemical functional groups of CNTs were characterized using FTIR. The surface morphology and uniformity of CNTs are dependents on parameters used.
The Effect of Inoculum in the Preparation of Fermented Tapioca for Nanotechnology Applications Based on the Surface Morphology of CNTs
Authors: Nuraini M.Z. , Aishah S. , Nik S.F. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Fermented tapioca which is a new starting material was used as a carbon precursor. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited on silicon wafer (Si) by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (TCVD). The gas flow of Argon (Ar) was constant at 70 bubbles per minute and 20 minutes of deposition time. Before the deposition process, silicon was coated with Nickel using spin coater. Various parameters such as amount of inoculums have been studied. Surface morphology and uniformity were characterized using FESEM. The surface morphology and uniformity of CNTs are dependents on parameters used. The optimum CNTs that produced using Thermal CVD was 1.5 wt% of inoculums due to the size and the uniformity of CNTs growth.
The Effect of Deposition Time on the Structural Properties of ZnO Nanorods Prepared by Sol-Gel Immersion Method
Authors: Amir N.A. , Khusaimi Zuraida , Abdullah Saifollah , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on Au coated Si substrate and Si bare substrate. The growth was using sol-gel immersion method at different deposition time which is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours. In the presence of Au, growth rate of nanorods is much faster as it performs as a catalyst by decreasing the growth time of ZnO nanorods to half compared to growth on Si substrate without Au coated. Using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), changes in growth of nanorods at different deposition time was captured and the structural properties are discussed.
The Effect of Temperature on Carbon Nanotubes Grown Using Monometallic Catalyst from Palm Oil Precursor
Authors: Abu Bakar Suriani , Azira A.A. , Nik S.F. , Taib M.H. , Mohamed F. , Teh A.A. , Ahmad R. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

The effects of temperature on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) method were systematically studied. Natural hydrocarbon source; palm oil was used as precursor and argon as carrier gas. Palm oil vaporized optimally at 450oC in ambient pressure. The synthesis temperature start at 650°C and were increased at rate of 50°C for series of samples until it reaches maximum temperature of 900°C. The samples were grown on nickel nitrate, which was coated on silicon substrate. The CNTs characteristics were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that CNTs properties are highly dependent on temperature. It was found that with increasing synthesis temperature, the CNTs diameter decreased initially and then increased after passing an optimum synthesis temperature of 750°C. The bamboo like structure were obviously found at higher synthesis temperature 800°C-850°C while there were few CNTs seen at 900°C.
Floating Catalyst Method for Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes Using Fe/Co/Al Catalyst by Thermal-CVD
Authors: Azira A.A. , Zainal N.F.A. , Soga T. , Abdullah Saifollah , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Carbon nanotubes (Cnts) produced using single furnace thermal CVD method by the floating catalyst method, at low temperature condition; 650oC. Carbon nanotubes were produced from natural source of camphor oil, using Fe/Co/Al as catalyst source, yielding a thickened submicron vapor grown of multi-wall Cnts. Carbon nanotubes are observed to form by different weight composition of catalyst. For the production of carbon nanotubes, natural precursor was used as the carbon feedstock, and the catalysts were added in a precursor compound. FESEM analysis confirms that this type of stacked-cup Cnts is produced by vaporize catalyst and mixing with the hydrocarbon source. In fact, few Cnts have either a particle tip at the end or trapped metal particle inside the wide hollow core of this type of produced carbon material. Chemical properties carried out by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.
Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Thermal-CVD of from Palm Oil
Authors: Helena L. , Azira A.A. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were produced on silicon (Si) substrate prepared by Thermal-CVD method using C55H96O6 (Palm Oil) as a starting material. Catalyst has been prepared by dissolving Nickel (II) nitrate, Ni (NO3)2.6H2O and ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH. Before the deposition process, silicon was coated with Nickel using spin coater. Various parameters such as amount of catalyst, amount of palm oil, deposition time, deposition temperature, flow rate of gas and carrier gas have been studied. By using Thermal-CVD, samples were penetrated using NH3 (argon) gas at a temperature 700 - 900oC for catalyst and 450oC for palm oil. Surface morphology and uniformity of CNTs were characterized using FESEM at different deposition temperature. Chemical functional groups of CNTs were characterized using FTIR. The surface morphology and uniformity of CNTs are dependents on parameters used.
FTIR Studies of Carbon Nanotubes Produced from Fermented Tapioca Prepared by Thermal-CVD
Authors: Aishah S. , Nuraini M.Z. , Nik S.F. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Fermented tapioca prepared at different temperature was prepared and used as a starting material in CNTs synthesis using 2-system thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) method. The CNTs was deposited on nickel coated silicon where the nickel acts as catalyst in the growth process. The size of CNTs growth is dependent to the temperature. The prepared CNTs were analyzed using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the chemical properties in the sample. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out in the range of 450-4000 cm-1 to study the attachment of the impurities on carbon nanotubes.
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes from Palm Oil Precursor
Authors: Abu Bakar Suriani , Azira A.A. , Nik S.F. , Taib M.H. , Mohamed F. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

This paper reports a study on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) method using eco-friendly carbon source; palm oil. Palm oil vaporized at 450oC in argon atmosphere at ambient pressure. For better decomposition of palm oil complex structure, ferrocene were added into palm oil and stirred for 20 minutes prior to synthesis process. The synthesis and annealing duration took 30 and 10 minutes respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and infrared spectroscopy analysis were systematically studied on CNTs produced. The detailed of CNTs properties will be discussed further.
Stability Studies on Optical and Structure Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Exposed to Different Environment
Authors: Rodzi A.S.M. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Berhan M.N. , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: March 2013

The properties of zinc oxide thin films were prepared by sol-gel spin-coating method have been presented. This study based on optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin film. The effects of annealing temperatures that exposed with two environments properties have been investigated. Environments exposed in room (27°C) and hot (80°C) temperatures which are stored by various days. Solution preparation, thin film deposition and characterization process were involved in this project. The ZnO films were characterized using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer for optical properties. From that equipment, the percentage of transmittance (%) and absorption coefficient spectra were obtained. With two environments showed have different absorption coefficient are reveal and all films have low absorbance in visible and near infrared (IR) region but have high UV absorption properties. From SEM investigations the surface morphology of ZnO thin film shows the particles size become smaller and denser in hot temperatures while in room temperatures have porosity between particles.
Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Thin Film Based Humidity Sensor Prepared by Sol-Gel Immersion Technique
Authors: Awalludin M. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Mohamad Z. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

This paper focus on nanostructured Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film based humidity sensor prepared using sol-gel method immersion technique at different immersion time. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations reveal nanorods ZnO were deposited on glass substrate with nanorods length increased with immersion time. All fabricated sensors show current intensity increment response when relative humidity is increased. Sensor fabricated at 16 hr immersion time shows the highest sensitivity in this study.
Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Properties of Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Mansor M.S. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Mohamad Z. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Nanostructured ZnO thin film has been prepared by using sol-gel method. The influence of annealing temperature on the structural, surface morphology and the properties has been investigated. The morphology of the nanostructured ZnO was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their properties were measured by using the I-V measurement. The annealing temperature of 500°C, 600°C and 700°C has been observed and the I-V measurements were measured at different relative humidity to studies on the sensitivity of the nanostructured ZnO. The SEM demonstrates that the glass substrate was deformed at 700°C of annealing temperature and I-V measurement studies shows that the resistance of nanostructured ZnO thin film is decreased with annealing temperature and relative humidity. Sensitivity also decreases with the increases of annealing temperature.
Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films with Different Molarity
Authors: Maarof S.K.M. , Abdullah Saifollah , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: March 2013

Titanium dioxide, TiO2 is one of the semiconductor materials that can be produced in many ways, such as magnetron sputtering, CVD, and sol-gel process. This paper studied on the production of TiO2 by sol-gel method using titanium tetra (IV) isopropoxide, TTiP. The solution of TiO2 then deposited as a thin films onto glass substrate by spin-coating method. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of molarity on the morphology, optical and electrical properties of the thin films. The effect on the morphology was observed by AFM. The electrical properties then observed by IV characteristic and finally on the optical properties were investigated by UV-Vis. The transmission obtained from UV-Vis showed that TiO2 thin films are decreased around 18% at higher molarity in a visible region. The bandgap also decrease at high molarity. Higher molarity of TiO2 in current-voltage characteristic gave a value of current density for 1.03×10-4 A/m2 and resistivity 1.95×107 Ωm.
Sol-Gel Synthesis & Photoluminescence of Multiple Layer LaPO4 Nanostructure Thin Films
Authors: Zainurul A.Z. , Rusop Mohamad , Abdullah Saifollah
Published: March 2013

The present paper reports on the structural properties of Lanthanum Phosphate (LaPO4) nanostructure film in term of its surface morphology. In this study, the LaPO4 samples were prepared by sol-gel spin coating method with different layers. Photoluminescent (PL) properties of the samples were investigated using FluoroMax-4 Spectrofluorometer - Horiba Scientific at room temperature with excitation spectra 254 nm. While its physical structural properties was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM-XE100).
The Raman Spectra of Nanocomposite Clusters of Atoms in Phosphorous-Selenium Glassy State
Authors: Rosli Ahmad Nazrul , Abu Kassim Hasan , Shrivastava Keshav N. , Devi V. Radhika
Published: March 2013

We make clusters of atoms of the size of less than 1 nanometer by using the density functional theory and from that we obtain the bond lengths corresponding to the minimum energy configuration. We are able to optimize large clusters of atoms and find the vibrational frequencies for each cluster. This calculation provides us with a method to identify the clusters present in an unknown sample of a glass by comparing the experimental Raman frequency with the calculated value. We start with the experimental values of the Raman frequencies of PSe (Phosphorous-Selenium) glass. We calculate the structural parameters of PSe, P4Se, P2Se2, P4Se5, PSe4, P4Se3 clusters of atoms and tabulate the vibrational frequencies. We compare the calculated values with those measured. In this way we find the clusters of atoms present in the glass. Some times, the same number of atoms can be rearranged in a different symmetry. Hence we learn the symmetries of molecules. We find that certain symmetries are broken due to self-organization in the glassy state.
The Saponification Extraction Process and Result Analysis of Rare Earth Organic Phase
Authors: Mei Yan , Nie Zuo Ren
Published: March 2013

10mol/L NaOH solution was used to saponify P507 (2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) and then to extract and strip the rare earth cerium solution. The experimental procedure and results of the saponified organic phase and loaded organic phase were analyzed using IR spectrum and electrical conductivity meter. The results suggested the conductance value achieved highest when the saponified degree of alkaline solution was 60-80%, and the saponified organic phase formed a single-phase stable and uniform microemulsion. While the rare earth were extracted by P507, the IR absorption frequency of P=O decreased while the absorption intensity increased, suggesting that P=O group had been coordinated with the rare earth ions. More colloidal agglomerates in the loaded organic phase appeared when more rare earth was loaded.
Investigation of Potentiostatic Electrodeposition of Ir in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt
Authors: Qian Jian Gang , Li Peng Rui , Li Hai Ting , Zhao Tian
Published: March 2013

A uniform and even film of Iridium (Ir) layer was prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition in LiCl-KCl molten salt using IrCl3 as main salt. The morphology and constitutions of Ir film prepared under different conditions were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) respectively. It was found that the electrodeposition conducted at the potential reduction peak could prepare Ir layer of high quality. A modification of the potential will also generate Ir film, but of lower quality. Temperature of the molten salt also exerts an obvious influence on deposition, the films formed at a lower temperature are thinner, but more micropores would occur on films when the temperature went too high and the molten salt became unstable. The best condition of potentiostatic electrodeposition of Ir in LiCl-KCl molten salt follows: mole ratio of molten salt LiCl:KCl=58:42; molten salt temperature:823K; concentration of IrCl3 0.045 mol/kg; potential of electrodeposition -1V (vs Pt/Pt(Ⅱ)); duration of electrodeposition: 1 h
Emission Characteristics of Particulate Number in an On-Board Test of a Diesel Passenger Car Fueled with Biodiesel
Authors: Lou Di Ming , Kan Ze Chao , Zhi Yuan Hu , Tan Pi Qiang , Feng Qian
Published: March 2013

In this paper, particulate numbers were measured from an in-service PASSAT passenger car fueled with blends of biodiesel and China Phase IV diesel in different ratios using EEPS-3090 (Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer) Spectrometer. Fuel blends composited of 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% biodiesel were used and nominated as B5, B10, B20, B50 and B100, respectively. A total average speed of 31 km/h was observed, and for urban arterial roads and suburban freeways, average speed displayed an individual magnitude of 19.7km/h and 72km/h. After using blends of biodiesel/diesel, particulate mass emission factors displayed different reduction percentages. For particulate number emission factors, increasing trend was observed on city arterial roads and a declining trend for sub streets in urban and suburban areas. Particulate numbers emission exhibited normal distribution on suburban highways, while bi-normal distribution was revealed for other types of roads. With higher biodiesel/diesel blending ratios, particulate number in accumulated mode from passenger car exhaust showed lower value but higher value for nuclei mode, and the center size for peak particulate number emissions moved towards smaller scales.
Investigation of the Solubility and Absorption Rate of CO2 in DEA Promoted K2CO3 Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fu Dong , Wu Xiang Cheng , Hao Hui Min
Published: March 2013

The solubility and absorption rate of CO2 in diethanolamine (DEA) promoted potassium carbonate (K2CO3 ) aqueous solution were measured at 1 atm, with temperatures ranging from 328.15 to 343.15K. The influence of the mass fractions of DEA (w)on the solubility, CO2 loading and absorption rate was illustrated. The experimental results show that at a given mass fraction of K2CO3, the solubility and CO2 loading respectively increases and decreases with increasing w. When w is less than 0.02, the absorption rate increases very rapidly with increasing w, however, exceeding this value, the absorption rate increases slowly.
Effects of Different Sodic Deflocculants on Rheological Properties of Acid-Resistant Overglaze Slip
Authors: Li Cong , Liu Qi Cheng , Chen An Ming , Feng Jun , Feng Tao
Published: March 2013

This paper aims at solving the poor rheology of clay-water- acid-resistant overglaze slip. Natronite, tripolyphosphate sodium and composite deflocculant compounded of sodium natronite and sodium tripolyphosphate in proportion of 1:2 respectively were taken as deflocculants, and single-factor test and ring test were used to measure the variations in zeta-potential, viscosity and thixotropic. The results show that 0.3% of the composite deflocculants are better than any other single deflocculants on clay-water-acid-resistant overglaze slip, which has a better liquidity, a better thixotropy and a better stability that can avoid defects on glaze such as crawling, pinhole, hard spot, focal spot. Some factual and theoretic bases can be provided for enamel industry.
Physicochemical and Slow-Release Antibacterial Properties of Clove Oil/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Hao Xi Hai , Jiang Ping
Published: March 2013

Clove oil is a natural antiseptic and analgaesic, however, its volatility strong odour, insolubility in water, and low physicochemical stability limit its application as food functional ingredients. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and release characterization of inclusion complexes of Clove oil in β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The formation of Clove oil /β-CD inclusion complex was demonstrated by different analytical techniques including Particle size analysis, TG analysis and SEM. The release rate of Clove oil from the inclusion complex was controlled.
Pereparation of Hollow Silica Core/Mesoporous Silica Shell Monodisperse Uniform Spheres
Authors: Lv Li Li , Geng Wen Hao , Wang Chen , Xie Zhuo Ying , Zhao Yuan Jin , Guan Yuan , Bai Xu Duo , Sun Li Guo
Published: March 2013

Hollow silica core/mesoporous silica shell monodisperse uniform spheres were synthesized via a dual-templating method. Speciﬁcally designed polystyrene (PS) coated by silica as the core template, while cetyltrimethylammonium bromide served as a co-template to structure the mesopore formation during tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) hydrolysis/condensation. The hollow core and mesoporous structure were formed by calcination which acts as the removable templates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) investigations reveal that the morphology and hierarchical structure of the calcined mesoporous silica spheres.
Antibacterial Activity of TiO2/AgY Composite Materials
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Xiao Wen
Published: March 2013

A composite, TiO2/AgY, was prepared by impregnation of tetrabutyl titanate solution on NaY zeolite, subsequent calcination at 500°C and ion-exchange with AgNO3 solution. XRD.SEM, TEM and EDAX were used to characterize the crystalline phase, the particle size of the formed nano-materials and the relative contents of atoms in TiO2/AgY and NaY zeolite, respectively. TiO2 nanoparticles with the size of 5-8 nm were found to form on the external surface of the zeolite. About half of Na+ in NaY zeolite is exchanged into Ag+. The as-prepared material exhibits excellent antibacterial activity and decompose E. coli using ultraviolet radiation as light resource.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Polymer Electronic-Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Wang Qing Qi , Xu Qing
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the method of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-co-di(2-(4-methylphenyl) (MSPD) Iridium(III))(NVK-MMI) preparation was carried out. The novel polymer were based on phosphorescent polymers involving a carbazole unit and an iridium-complex unit. The structure of the polymer were characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the complexes were investigated. These results indicated they should be applied in the field of OLED. The NVK-MMI optical bandgap is calculated to be 2.25 eV. Cyclic voltammetry results conﬁrm that the LUMO and HOMO levels of NVK- MMI were calculated as -3.02 and -5.27 eV, respectively.
Preparation of Two Novel Ionic Electroconductive Polyurethanes Functionalized with the Backbone of Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zhang Ding Jun , Qu Chao Yun , Chen Yu Xian
Published: March 2013

The facile synthesis of two new Ionic electroconductive polyurethanes with the framework of ionic liquids, i.e., PUR-T: synthesized with isocyanate TDI; PUR-H: synthesized with isocyanate HDL, are described. Their structures and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the surface resistance meter. The effects of the different kinds of isocyanate on electrical conductivity of PUR were also investigated. It was found that their electrical conductivity can be optimized by changing the reaction temperature. The PUR-H, which exhibits an electrical conductivity of 1.0×104 Ω surface resistance, could be obtained in high yield, up to 65% at 90 oC for 12h.
Preparation and Characterization of Metronidazole Liposome by Supercritical Reverse Phase Evaporation Method
Authors: Chen Shu Hua , Liu Xue Wu , Zhan Shi Ping , Yu Chi , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2013

Supercritical reverse phase evaporation (SRPE) is a new technique for preparation liposomes with supercritical fluid instead of organic solvent. The process has characteristic for simple and a high coating ratio for water-soluble substances. In this paper, the technique was used to synthesize metronidazole liposomes and the effects of the process parameters on the particle size and the coating ratio of liposomes were investigated in detail. The liposomes with a volume average diameter of 190-350nm were successfully prepared by this technique and the coating ratio for metronidazole liposomes was as high as 48.2%. It was confirmed that the temperature, pressure and equilibrium time had great effects on the particle size and the coating ratio.As the temperature, pressure increased and the solution pH increased from 1 to 7, the particle size increased to a maximum and then gradually decreased, while the coating ratio increased to the maximum and then showed a significant downward trend, indicating that the rate of metronidazole liposomes coated was more susceptible to the influence of the experimental parameters
Improvement of Porous Medium Permeability by Injecting Overheated Steam
Authors: Zhou Ti Yao
Published: March 2013

According to laboratory physical simulation methods, Achieve the infiltration experiment of overheated steam in the porous medium. The experiment researched overheated steam’s improvement to damage and undamaged porous mediums. Permeability was increased 1 to 4 times in the damaged porous mediums, 3 to 6 times in those undamaged. The microstructure of porous medium is characterized by scanning electron microscope photos. A lots of mineral microcrystal adhered on the initial rock particle surface. After the infiltration experiment of overheated steam, mineral microcrystal decreased obviously, and the rock particle surface changes into even and smoothly, which made the filtration resistance precipitous declined. Based on theory assumptions, production calculation formulas were derived in some given conditions. And the regular pattern plate map out, which affected by overheated steam heating radius and water-damaged radius. The results turns out that, inject overheated steam can achieve obviously production increasing.
Review of Status and Development of Research of Lead-Free Solder
Authors: Zhang Xin , He Bo Lin , Song Yan
Published: March 2013

From the concept of environmental protection, the necessity of using lead-free solder was introduced. The development of lead-free solder at home or overseas has been reviewed. Some key problems in developing lead-free solder were analyzed and some suggestions of solving the problems have been put forward.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Chlorapatite Whiskers
Authors: Zhao Ping , Zhao Tai Rong , Ren Xue Hua , Zhao Shuai , Yang Kai
Published: March 2013

Chlorapatite whiskers were successfully prepared at 1250°C by the molten salt method. CaCl was the molten salt, CaCO3 and CaHPO4 were reactants, and then the ratio of molten salt to stoichiometric mixture was briefly studied. XRD and SEM were used to determine chemical products compound, and observe whiskers morphology. Results indicate that long and thin whiskers could be got, when the weight ratio of molten salt/ stoichiometric mixture is 1:1. Short and thick whiskers are corresponding to the ratio 1:2. Their compounds are both cholrapatite by XRD analysis. However when the ratio is 2:1, green transparent block not powder was got after sintering, which means molten salt is too much to become glass at the high temperature.
Simultaneous Photocatalytic Removal of Cr(IV) Ions and Methylene Blue Using InVO4/TiO2 Nanocomposites under the Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Zhao Zhuo
Published: March 2013

InVO4/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized via a sol-gel process, and their microstructure and morphology were characterized by XRD and FESEM. XRD analysis indicated that incorporation of InVO4 with low content (In:Ti mole ratio of 1:200) could not change the crystallinity of anatase TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 increased for more than 2 folds by incorporating small amount of InVO4 into TiO2. The MB degradation rate kapp increased from 1.147×10-2 to 1.75×10-2 min-1 while the added Cr(IV) concentration was 5mg/L. The results indicated that simultaneous removal of aqueous Cr(IV) ions and organic compounds was feasible in the photocataltyic reactions under sunlight irradiation.
Phase Structures and Mechanical Properties of SGF/PP Composites with and without Compatilizers
Authors: Yang Ji Nian , Xu Ai Qin
Published: March 2013

The short glass fiber (SGF)/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by extrusion and subsequently injection processes. The evolution of phase structures and mechanical properties of SGF/PP composites were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle tensiometer, universal testing machine and impact tester. The results show that the interfacial adhesion between SGF and matrix were enhanced significant with the presence of maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MAH) and maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-1-octene copolymer (EOC-g-MAH). Moreover, the EOC-g-MAH promoted to form the novel configuration of EOC-g-MAH particles adhered firmly onto SGF surfaces, which resulted in the much higher impact toughness and tensile strength.
Preparation and Characterization of NiO Nanowires via Single-Phase Precipitation
Authors: Zhu Fu Liang , Meng Yan Shuang
Published: March 2013

NiO nanowires have been synthesized at the water bath via single-phase precipitation, using NiSO4·6H2O as nickel salts, NH3·H2O and H2C2O4·2H2O as precipitation agents and H2O as solvent. It has been measured by DSG/TG, X-ray diffiration (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the DSC/TG show that the precursor is completely decomposed under 400°C. The results of the XRD show that NiO nanowires are cube crystal structure. The diffraction peaks are in 37.3°, 43.3° and 62.9°, which are consistent with normal pattern. The optimum parameters are detemined in this system as: pH values of solution 8.0, reaction temperature 60°C, roasting temperature 400°C. The length-radius proportion of NiO nanowires prepared is greater than 20 under optimum conditions.
Investigation of Micromechanical Deformation Mechanisms in Sinter Powder Metals
Authors: Chen Jin Mu , Yuan Huang , Schneider Markus
Published: March 2013

Sintered powder metals have found wide applications in industry. However, the constitutive description under complex loading conditions is an open issue. In the present work, the inelastic deformation mechanisms of sintered iron are investigated using nano-indentation technique. With help of the finite element method, the material behaviour of powder particles can be identified from extensive nano-indentations. Furthermore, the micro-hardness of pre-strained specimens has been investigated as a function of the macro strains up to 14%. Nano-indentation measurements provide a linear correlation between the micro strains in power particles and macro deformation. Ca. 55% of total inelastic deformations are contributed from powder particles and the rest is caused by the void growth as well as micro crack propagation. In sintered metals the micro porosity plays an important role in inelastic deformations.
Nanotubes Could Be a Useful Tool for Protein Folding Study
Authors: Duan Wei Gang , Yin Hua , Lv Xiao Man
Published: March 2013

In order to understand the mechanism of protein folding, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are introduced. We put forward a method to study protein folding by using CNTs based on the principle that CNTs are mimic ribosomal tunnels, where is the first place for protein folding. The theoretical method could be useful in macromolecule refolding study.
An Aptamer-Nanogold Probe for Trace PDGF Using Resonance Rayleigh Scattering as Detection Technique
Authors: Long Jin Qiao , Wei Lin , Liang Ai Hui , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: March 2013

The aptamer of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was used to modified nanogold to obtain a stable aptamer-nanogold(Apt-NG) probe for PDGF. In the condition of pH 7.2 Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution and 5.33 mmol/L NaCl, the Apt-NG specifically combined with PDGF to form Apt-NG-PDGFA cluster that resulted in the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity at 550 nm. When the PDGF concentration increased, the nanogold aggregated (NGA) increased, and the RRS intensity at 550 nm increased. The increased RRS intensity ΔI550nm was linear to the PDGF concentration in the range of 3.33-40 ng/mL, with a regression equation of ΔI550nm=10.8 C-24.2, coefficient of 0.9932 and a detection limit of 0.53 ng/mL
A Dithiothreitol-Modified Nanogold Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectral Probe for Detection of Trace Cr(VI)
Authors: Long Jin Qiao , Xu Li Li , Chen Bin , Liang Ai Hui , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: March 2013

Cr(VI); dithiothreitol; Nanogold; Resonance Rayleigh scattering spectral assay. Abstract. Nanogold (NG) in size of 15 nm was prepared by sodium citrate procedure, and it was modified by 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) to form NG-DTT probe for Cr(VI). In diluted H2SO4 medium, the probe interacted with Cr(VI) to form big NG clusters that led to the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RS) peak at 720 nm increased greatly. Under the selected conditions, the increased RS intensity (ΔI720nm) is linear to Cr(VI) concentration in the range of 10-50 nmol/L, with a regression equation of ΔI720nm= 2.05 C-7.5, coefficient of 0.9989, and a detection limit of 5 nmol/L. This nanogold RS method was applied to determination of Cr(VI) in waste water samples, with satisfactory results.
Research of the Workpiece-Stage Control System Based on the ACR9000 in the Composite Coating Equipment of MEVVAII and FAD
Authors: Zhang Rui Xia , Liao Bin , Liu Zhi Guo , Wu Xian Ying
Published: March 2013

In order to realize the extensive application of technologies of MEVVAII and FAD, the composite equipment has been developed for surface modification and coating films. In this paper, for the first time, the servo control system based on ACR9000 has been used to control workpiece-stage of the composite equipment. Eight target disks are installed on workpiece-stage. Each of target disks can be mounted about 1300 PCB micro tools. So, the equipment can satisfy the requirement for mass production. Experimental results show that the coating unevenness is less than ±14%, better than those of traditional equipments which is less than ±29%. The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the design of workpiece-stage and its three motion modes of rotary positioning, uniform rotation and variable speed rotation, and coating effects corresponding to three motion modes have been verified by experiments.
Simulation of Isolation Performance of Hydraulic Suspension System
Authors: Yi Feng Yan , Guo Rong Chun , Xie Mei Zhi
Published: March 2013

This paper takes the power-train of domestic a light-duty bus and its hydraulic damped mounting system as the study object. Firstly, based on the analysis of hydraulic mount's structure, working Principle and ideal dynamic characteristics, its dynamic characteristics test results of hydraulic suspension are obtained. And then using MATLAB software calculates simulation of the dynamics characteristic of the hydraulic mount system. Comparing simulation results with the testing results, they are consistent well. So the simulation model is accurate, and it provides a simplified model theory for actual study, and this simplified model is more easily available.
Evaluation of Deformation Characters in Edgesof Hot Rolled Slab by Lode Parameter
Authors: Bian Hong Xia , Zhu Liang , Hou Guo Qing
Published: March 2013

The hot rolling processes of slabs have been simulated by 3-D explicit dynamics Thermal-mechanical Finite Element Model (FEM) to solve the problems of edge defects. It can analyze the deformation characteristics of rolling slabs, calculate Lode parameter values in rolling deformation zone and analyze the stress-strain state in the entrance and exit of the slabs edge. Because there are the relationship between plastic deformation types and Lode parameter, and the quantitative relation metal flow and various Lode parameter. Results showed that there are complicated metal flow and various Lode parameter values in the edge of rolling deformation zone. Although there stress-strain states are various in the entrance and exit of the slab edges the μdε<0, the tensile strain increment in the direction of max principle strain was bigger than another two directions and the edges had the character of tensile deformation. This is the major cause that edge of slab is more defects than other zone.
Study on Naval Vessel Repair Risk Evaluation Model Based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map
Authors: Lu Yao , Fang Li , Jun Gong
Published: March 2013

Based on the problems of improper and erroneous repair easily happening during naval vessel repair, a ship repair risk evaluation model was put forth on the basis of risk identification, and then solved and simulated to effectively control the risks of naval vessel repair, reduce the errors of repair, and prevent safety accident.
High Frequency Impedance Model of Electric Vehicle Traction Battery
Authors: An Zong Yu , Wang Quan Di , Yang Yong Ming
Published: March 2013

The application of the high-voltage supply system and the motor drive system in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles can leads to a significant increase in electromagnetic compatibility. The influence of traction batteries as part of the electromagnetic interference path must be considered. In this paper models of single cell, cells connected in series and cells connected in parallel are developed based on the measured impedance curve of single cell, the models are formulized in the frequency domain and verified by impedance measurement on Ni-MH batteries, the results allow the simulation of batteries as interference path and the prediction of external electric fields and magnetic fields.