bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereochemical effects on intervalence charge transfer
Authors: D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Keene F. Richard
Published: January 2008

Recent work has revealed the first observation of stereochemical effects on intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) in di- and trinuclear mixed-valence complexes. The differential IVCT characteristics of the diastereoisomers of polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium offer a new and intimate probe of the fundamental factors that govern the extent of electronic delocalization and the barrier to electron transfer. These findings challenge prior assertions that the inherent stereochemical identity of such complexes would have no influence on the intramolecular electron-transfer properties of polymetallic assemblies. This article provides a brief review of the past 40 years of mixed-valence research and looks at recent progress in stereochemical effects on IVCT. The implications of the findings are considered within the context of the existing theoretical and experimental framework for IVCT.
Quest for the ideal olefin metathesis catalyst
Authors: Michrowska Anna , Grela Karol
Published: January 2008

Attempts were made to create a catalyst that approaches Gladysz's vision of an "ideal catalyst". Modifications of the Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst were carried out with the aim to increase its activity and broaden the scope of its applicability to challenging metathesis reactions. This was done by introduction of an electron-withdrawing substituent on the isopropoxybenzylidene group in order to diminish the donor properties of the oxygen atom. The resulting stable and easily accessible nitro-substituted Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst has found a number of successful applications in various research and industrial laboratories. Also, a new concept for noncovalent immobilization of a ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst is presented. The 2-isopropoxybenzylidene ligand of Hoveyda-Grubbs carbene is further modified by an additional amino group, and immobilization is achieved by treatment with sulfonated polystyrene, forming the corresponding ammonium salt. In this novel strategy for the immobilization of ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts, the amino group plays a dual role, being first an active anchor for immobilization and secondly, after protonation, activating the catalysts by electron-donating to -withdrawing switch. The same concept has been used in the preparation of a quaternary ammonium catalyst for aqueous olefin metathesis.
Characterization of Interstitial Nephritis in Pigs with Naturally Occurring Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome
Authors: Sarli G. , Mandrioli L. , Panarese S. , Brunetti B. , Segalés J. , Domínguez J. , Marcato P. S.
Published: January 2008

Kidney samples with interstitial nephritis from 26 pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were selected. A histologic evaluation was carried out to describe the type of inflammation and its relationship with viral load, as assessed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Of 26 cases, 10 revealed a tubulointerstitial, lymphoplasmacytic nephritis, 11 an interstitial granulomatous nephritis, and 5 both types of inflammation (mixed type). In 4 cases of granulomatous inflammation, the pattern was not classically nodular, and a population of macrophages and lymphocytes was present (interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis). ISH confirmed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) nucleic acid in all cases. The epithelium of the renal tubules was the most constantly ISH-positive structure. In tubulointerstitial nephritis, the higher the number of positive inflammatory cells, the more severe the inflammation. The ISH reaction was more heterogeneous and unpredictable in granulomatous nephritis, with some epithelioid and giant cells positive by ISH. To quantify macrophages distributed in the three patterns of nephritis, immunohistochemical methods using anti-major histocompatibility complex II (anti-MHC-II) and anti-lysozyme antibodies were undertaken, and semiquantitative evaluation was carried out. MHC-II was mainly expressed by lymphocytes in tubulointerstitial nephritis, but did not always stain macrophages in cases of granulomatous (including lymphohistiocytic) nephritis; the anti-lysozyme antibody revealed macrophages when present in tissues. The amount of PCV2 nucleic acid was not apparently associated with the pattern of inflammation (tubulointerstitial or granulomatous). PCV2 load seems to reflect the severity of the lymphoplasmacytic inflammation but not that of granulomatous and lympho histiocytic types.
Multiple Glomus Tumors of the Urinary Bladder in a Cow Associated with Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 (BPV-2) Infection
Authors: Roperto S. , Borzacchiello G. , Brun R. , Perillo A. , Russo V. , Urraro C. , Roperto F.
Published: January 2008

We report a case of multiple glomus tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) infection in the urinary bladder of a 13-year-old cow suffering from severe chronic enzootic hematuria. Macroscopically, multiple submucosal reddish nodules were seen swelling the vesical mucosa. Histologically, neoplastic proliferation was characterized by the presence of numerous blood vessels. These were lined by normal endothelial cells surrounded by round epithelioid cells with central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, acidophilic cytoplasm, and well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Tumor cells were distributed around open vascular lumina and in perivascular spaces. They were immunohistochemically positive for actin and vimentin and negative for cytokeratins, desmin, and factor VIII-related antigen. On the basis of these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as glomus tumor, a neoplasm not previously reported in cattle and exceedingly rare in animals. BPV-2 DNA was amplified from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-processed tissue specimens obtained by laser capture microdissection. This report widens the spectrum of mesenchymal tumors of the bovine urinary bladder. Finally, the microscopic pattern of tumor described here shares striking morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities with the angiomatous form of glomus tumor known to occur in man.
Bilateral Leydig Cell Tumor in a Six-Year-Old Intersex Goat Affected by Polled Intersex Syndrome
Authors: Monteagudo L. V. , Arruga M. V. , Bonafonte J. I. , Ordás M. , Whyte A. , Gallego M. , Bascuas J. A. , Sierra I.
Published: January 2008

A 6-year-old, sterile, Blanca Celtibérica breed adult doe was referred to our faculty. The doe had external female genitalia, a short anogenital distance, and normally shaped udders. Masculinization signs in the head shape and male behavior were also noted at the time of referral. Genetic analysis demonstrated normal 2n = 60 XX karyotype and an absence of the sex-determining region Y (SRY). The animal was homozygous for a DNA deletion responsible for the Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS). A uterus and 2 uterine horns were present at the postmortem examination. Gartner's ducts and degenerated Wolffian derivatives persisted. There were 2 intra-abdominal testicle-like structures, one of which consisted of epididymal and deferent ducts. An advanced Leydig cell tumor, resulting in almost total destruction of the intratesticular structures, was also observed. Leydig cell tumors usually produce testosterone. Thus, these histologic findings are compatible with the evident virilization.
B-Cell Lymphoma in the Peripheral Nerves of a Cat
Authors: Higgins M. A. , Rossmeisl J. H. , Saunders G. K. , Hayes S. , Kiupel M.
Published: January 2008

A B-cell, Burkitt-type lymphoma, diffusely affecting the peripheral nerves and intramuscular nerve branches was diagnosed in a 4-year-old domestic shorthair cat with a chronic progressive history of flaccid tetraparesis and generalized muscle atrophy. There was no evidence of cranial nerve, central nervous system, radicular, bone marrow, splenic, or lymph node involvement. The cat tested negative for feline retroviruses and a wide variety of herpes viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus. The clinical manifestation of this case was similar to the chronic polyneuropathic variant of human diffuse neurolymphomatosis; a condition most commonly caused by an axonopathy resulting from infiltration of peripheral nerves with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Extensive Bilateral Odontogenic Cysts in the Mandible of a Dog
Authors: Doran I. , Pearson G. , Barr F. , Hotston-Moore A.
Published: January 2008

A 5-year-old female neutered Boxer dog was diagnosed with extensive odontogenic cysts that affected the left and right mandibles. Rostral mandibular swelling was detectable clinically, and bilateral cystic mandibular lesions were identified radiographically. The dog's owners elected for euthanasia. A full postmortem was performed. Cystic cavities were confirmed in the body of each mandible, extending from the incisor teeth to the mid premolar region. Incisor, canine, and premolar tooth roots indented each cavity. Histologic examination of the cystic cavities reflected an inner lining of attenuated stratified squamous epithelium overlying a fibrous layer infiltrated by a mixed, predominantly mononuclear, inflammatory infiltrate.
Extraventricular Neurocytoma of the Spinal Cord in a Dog
Authors: Huisinga M. , Henrich M. , Frese K. , Burkhardt E. , Kuchelmeister K. , Schmidt M. , Reinacher M.
Published: January 2008

Central neurocytoma is a rare, prognostically favorable neuronal tumor of the human central nervous system, typically located intraventricularly near the foramen of Monro. Extraventricular cerebral neurocytomas and spinal tumors have also been reported. To date, however, neurocytomas have not been documented in domestic animal species. In this report, we describe a spinal cord tumor in a dog. The microscopic examination revealed tumor cells forming loosely packed clusters in some areas and palisades in other areas. In addition, they showed fine fibrillary neuropil-like areas of different sizes, sometimes resembling the “rosettes” of pineocytomas, as well as ependymoma-like perivascular pseudorosettes. The tumor cells had scant eosinophilic cytoplasm, with perinuclear halos, closely resembling the appearance of oligodendroglioma. Immunohistochemical staining showed expression of synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase by tumor cells and pronounced in fibrillary areas. On the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemical reactivity, the present tumor was diagnosed as extraventricular neurocytoma.
Granular Cell Tumor in the Testis of a Rabbit: Cytologic, Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Electron Microscopic Characterization
Authors: Irizarry-Rovira A. R. , Lennox A. M. , Ramos-Vara J. A.
Published: January 2008

An adult pet rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) presented with a progressively enlarging left testicle. Because neoplasia was suspected, the testicle was removed. Pathologic evaluation (exfoliative cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy) indicated that the tumor was an intratesticular granular cell tumor. Granular cell tumor has not been described in rabbits before and has not been described in the testes of animals or postnatal humans. Granular cell tumor should be included as a differential diagnosis of testicular tumors, particularly Leydig cell tumor, because of potential histologic similarities.
Tribochemistry of Multiply Alkylated Cyclopentane Oils on Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) Coated Thrust Bearings
Authors: Lince Jeffrey R. , Bertrand Patricia A. , Eryilmaz Osman L. , Erdemir Ali
Published: January 2008

In contrast to typical diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, hydrogenated DLC (H-DLC) coatings have demonstrated extremely low friction in vacuum and dry atmospheres. This behavior suggests the coatings’ potential importance for spacecraft applications. However, most studies have concentrated on sliding wear testing, with relatively few concerning their use on ball bearings. We have conducted a preliminary study of H-DLC-coated steel thrust bearings, lubricated with a multiply alkylated cyclopentane (MAC) oil, either unformulated (NSO2001A), or formulated with lead naphthenate (Pbnp) or an aryl phosphate ester mixture (NSO2001). To determine if the additives could provide life enhancement when using H-DLC coatings, post-test analyses of the bearing surfaces were conducted using electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy, and analysis of the residual lubricant was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Minimal additive-based tribofilm formation was detected on the surfaces of the H-DLC coatings in the wear tracks relative to that with steels. For example, using Pbnp resulted in considerably thicker Pb-containing tribofilms on the uncoated bearing surfaces compared to the H-DLC-coated surfaces. The results indicate that additives suitable for steels may not be appropriate for H-DLC coatings. The high roughness of the bearings used in this study contributed to local spallation of H-DLC at asperities in the wear track. When tested with NSO2001 or NSO2001A oil, several H-DLC-coated bearings endured for significantly longer than uncoated bearings (>10 Mcycles) tested with the same oils. However, the variation and magnitude of the bearing roughness contributed to statistical uncertainty regarding the endurance enhancement of H-DLC coatings. Future studies are planned with higher quality bearings.
The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the Revival of Populism/Neo-Populism in 21st Century Philippine Politics
Authors: De Castro Renato Cruz
Published: January 2008

Some analysts have attributed the 1997 Asian financial crisis to the actions of interventionist developmental East Asian states that had allegedly distorted the operation of the market. This view, however, does not apply to the Philippine case, as the country has never been construed as developmental. In fact, this article argues, the Asian financial crisis created the opportunity for the revival of populism/neo-populism in 21st century Philippine politics.
The Uses of Observation in French Sociology
Authors: Briand Jean‐Pierre , Chapoulie Jean‐Michel
Published: January 2008

Until quite recently, questionnaire surveys, semi‐structured interviews and the gathering and interpreting of various documents have been the main kinds of empirical research to be found in French sociology. Observation plays a leading role in none of them, even in the latter. The researchers who use it do not seem convinced of its legitimacy, because what can be expected from systematic observation does not fit the prevailing purpose of developing abstract, general theories. After having sketched out the institutional and intellectual background, this paper examines a few examples of French studies using observation. Most of them fail to clearly distinguish between indirect evidence and direct observation, between meaning as construed by the observer and that experienced by the people observed; they rarely report dated and situated facts (even more seldom behaviors than settings), and they replace the expected analyses of these missing facts with the interpretation of would‐be typical or usual facts.
Symbolic Interaction and Postmodernism: Close Encounter of a Dubious Kind
Authors: Farberman Harvey A.
Published: January 2008

My aim here is threefold: firstly, to ask those who are attracted to certain aspects of postmodernism to avoid imprudent applications of it to our work; secondly, to assess the accomplishments of Symbolic Interaction as we approach the new millennium and; thirdly, to express the hope that Symbolic Interaction will deliver on it s deepest political and philosophical values by speaking truth to power while remembering whose side it is on.
Slave Runaways in Colonial Virginia: Accounts and Status Passage as Collective Process
Authors: Gallant Mary J.
Published: January 2008

As advertisements for escaped slaves in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries show, structurally vulnerable individuals experience status transformation which is governed by larger collective forces as well as by intentional states of the individuals involved. When the status transformation is, in addition, culturally unanticipated, construction of such accounts can be seen to be emergent from interaction across a variety of levels within the society of the times. Far from sustaining the moral careers of the vulnerable they establish destructive trajectories for them. Runaway advertisements allow us to examine the role of contradictory background expectancies in the production of the threatened identity associated with this status transformation. This paper elaborates the patterning of motives in the colonial Virginia community as it dealt with social change, individual rights and scions of appropriateness in handling runaway slaves.
Aloneness and Social Form
Authors: Diekema David A.
Published: January 2008

The Simmelian call for a formal sociology is applied to aloneness to uncover generic patterns of relation between the individual and the community. Three forms of aloneness are distinguished by focusing on the interactional and relational levels of sociation underlying each. Other‐imposed aloneness as represented by isolation is an asymmetric form. It is the state of being cut off from immediate interaction or extended relations. Mutually constructed aloneness is represented by privacy and solitude. Both privacy and solitude are symmetric, intentional, and cooperative; but privacy is the temporary suspension of interaction and implies at most a common past and shared future, and solitude rests upon a foundation of committed, temporally extended relationships. Self‐imposed aloneness as represented by escapism is asymmetrical and involves a negative affirmation of the community. It is rooted in a distorted temporal existence.
Beware of the ‘telephone effect’: the influence of telephone transmission on the measurement of formant frequencies
Authors: Kunzel Hermann J.
Published: January 2008

Speech scientists often have to work with speech signals that have been transmitted over the telephone. Although the acoustic properties of telephone transmission such as the band-pass filter characteristics are well known, little attention has been paid to their effect on the measurement of speech parameters. This study deals with artefacts introduced by the lower cut-off slope of the transmission channel on vowel formants. For theoretical reasons, frequency components may be assumed to be attenuated the lower they are. Therefore F1 of most vowels can be expected to be affected most. Attenuation of the lower components of a formant will necessarily increase the relative weight of the higher components for the determination of a formant and thus cause an artificial upward shift of its centre frequency. An empirical investigation with directly and telephone-transmitted samples from ten male and ten female subjects shows that the predicted effect on F1 does in fact occur for all tested vowels except /a/, whose F1 is too high to be affected by the slope of the band-pass. The consequences of measurement errors arising from such artefacts are discussed with special reference to speaker identification and empirical dialectology.
Prehistoric Italian Pottery Production
Authors: Loney Helen L.
Published: January 2008

In this paper, I suggest that studies of motor development, learning and memory may provide important insights into technological change and conservatism in prehistoric craft activities. The physical and mental processes involved in the learning and development of highly skilled motor activities result in strongly rooted changes in an individual’s actions and levels of performance. In terms of craft production, this means that mature, skilled artisans have a selective and efficient array of actions and strategies, which they can draw upon to produce competent products of predictable quality and quantity.The flip side of this degree of specialized physical training is, however, the possibility of ‘negative transfer’ when it comes to learning new skills. The presence within late second millennium bc in Italy of both handmade and wheelmade pottery technologies can be explained in part by the degree of difficulty mature craftspeople may have experienced in learning the radically different physical processes involved in wheel-manufacture.
The Sikyon Survey Project
Authors: Lolos Yannis A. , Gourley Ben , Stewart Daniel R.
Published: January 2008

The few examples of archaeological surface survey conducted in ancient urban centers in Greece and the Mediterranean have employed a variety of methods and yielded results of disproportionate breadth and resolution. The Sikyon Survey Project is a hyper-intensive survey that aims to set a standard for addressing the archaeology of a sizable Mediterranean town center. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is highlighted by preliminary results from the first three years of the survey (2004–2006).
Popular Music Resources
Authors: Lineham Andy
Published: January 2008

Resources will be a space that will include reprints of hard-to-?nd or out-of-print material, annotation and commentary on documents from the archives, along with general debate surrounding historical processes and information on archives and collections around the real and digital worlds.
History beings yesterday
Authors: Oliver Paul
Published: January 2008

An overview of aspects of African-American musical genres that have been overlooked or disregarded by most historians of the subject.
Histories and complexities
Authors: Michelsen Morten
Published: January 2008

The article deals with the few existing contributions to popular music historiography and discusses ways to develop these on the basis of contemporary musicology and ethnomusicology. Michelsen calls for a deconstruction of culturally homogenizing notions of history by sketching out a theoretical framework for investigating the actual cultural complexity lying behind historical representations. A “complexification” (which includes working with several concepts of music, regarding music cultures as continuously floating, and with an eye for the constant othering processes taking place) is necessary in order to avoid the traditional traps and canonizations of history writing's teleological narratives. The last part of the article is a preliminary discussion of how the rock–pop split affected Danish rock culture, questioning whether the split articulated by a hegemonic rock discourse actually had much influence on musicians’ and audiences' daily music lives, and pointing to the complexity of actual lived music culture.
Tendência temporal da esquizofrenia: um estudo realizado no âmbito hospitalar
Authors: Ferreira Aurigena Antunes de Araújo , Sena Gustavo Segundo de , Galvão Marcus Vinicius Medeiros , Felix Ricardo Humberto de Miranda , Mendonça Roberto Moreno , Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo , Rodrigues Francisco das Chagas
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Verificar as variações quanto a sexo, idade, número e tempo de internação em pacientes com esquizofrenia. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no Hospital Doutor João Machado, referência estadual psiquiátrica, situado em Natal/RN - Brasil, no período de 1999 a 2005. O número de casos, o tempo de internação, a idade e o sexo foram coletados. Esses dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva e Teste de Mann-Whitney com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Durante esse tempo, 12.732 pessoas foram internadas. Os portadores de esquizofrenia corresponderam a 35,35% (4.501). A permanência no hospital foi de 44,33 ± 36,9 dias, diferente daquela observada nos não-portadores de esquizofrenia, 29,5 ± 61,6 dias (p < 0,0001). A idade média foi de 38,7 ± 13,5 anos, sendo a maioria dos pacientes do sexo masculino (65,78%). Em 1999, de cada 100 internados, 39,8 eram portadores de esquizofrênia; em 2005 essa proporção reduziu-se para 30,1. A esquizofrenia paranóide foi a mais freqüente, ocorrendo em 1.829 (40%) dos pacientes durante o período. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo aponta uma tendência à redução no número de doentes internados com esquizofrenia, bem como uma diminuição no tempo de internação.
Sonolência diurna excessiva em trabalhadores da área de enfermagem
Authors: Souza José Carlos
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: A sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) caracteriza-se por episódios de sono em situações em que o indivíduo deveria estar acordado. Objetivou-se detectar a prevalência de SDE em trabalhadores da área de enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Fez-se um estudo, descritivo e de corte transversal em 226 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital público de Campo Grande, MS. Foi aplicada a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE). RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada uma prevalência de 30,09% de SDE. Não foram detectadas relações entre SDE e gênero, idade, trabalho em turnos, uso de hipnóticos; 27,64% trabalhavam em turnos fixos e 32% alternados. CONCLUSÕES: Foi alta a prevalência de SDE em trabalhadores da área de enfermagem na amostra avaliada. Sugere-se que medidas sejam tomadas para uma abordagem adequada deste transtorno neste grupo.
Práticas educativas de pais e mães de crianças aos 18 meses de idade
Authors: Piccinini Cesar Augusto , Frizzo Giana Bitencourt , Alvarenga Patrícia , Lopes Rita Sobreira , Tudge Jonathan
Published: January 2008

O presente estudo investigou eventuais diferenças nas práticas educativas de mães e pais de crianças de 18 meses de idade. Participaram 34 famílias de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos que tinham um único filho(a). As mães e os pais responderam separadamente a uma entrevista sobre práticas educativas envolvendo seis situações do dia-a-dia da criança. Análise de conteúdo revelou uma predominância de práticas indutivas relatadas tanto pelas mães como pelos pais, seguidas de práticas coercitivas e de não-interferência. Contudo, não houve diferença significativa entre as práticas mencionadas pelas mães e pais, nem entre os diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, em nenhuma das categorias examinadas. Os resultados são discutidos considerando-se as repercussões do surgimento da assertividade e da fase inicial do desenvolvimento da linguagem em que se encontravam as crianças sobre as práticas educativas parentais.
O conceito de executivo central e suas origens
Authors: Oliveira Rosinda Martins
Published: January 2008

O interesse no Executivo Central (EC) cresce a cada dia em vista da observação de disfunção executiva em patologias como o transtorno do déficit de atenção. Entretanto, embora existam referências a esse conceito na literatura nacional, não há nenhum estudo dedicado a um detalhamento teórico a seu respeito. Este trabalho apresenta o conceito de Executivo Central e suas origens teóricas. O EC se caracteriza como um coordenador das operações mentais. A concepção desse sistema remonta à dicotomia entre processos controlados e automáticos. O EC foi explorado na Psicologia soviética e, no contexto da teoria do processamento da informação, seu funcionamento foi explicitado no modelo composto por um Sistema Atencional Supervisor e um organizador pré-programado. Conhecer as origens do conceito de Executivo Central pode trazer novas idéias sobre o seu desenvolvimento normal ou patológico.
Hamlet e o problema da verdade
Authors: Coelho Maria Thereza Ávila Dantas
Published: January 2008

Este artigo discute o problema da verdade, a partir da obra Hamlet e da produção teórica da Psicanálise. Objetiva mostrar a centralidade de tal problema, tanto no teatro quanto no processo analítico, e explorar alguns de seus aspectos tais como a estrutura de ficção e as relações com o desejo e as pulsões. Após ressaltar a dimensão mortífera da verdade, problematiza as suas ligações com o saber e a posição do analista. Para tanto, utiliza-se da clássica interpretação de Freud sobre a peça shakespeariana e de avanços teóricos e interpretativos efetuados por Jacques Lacan. Por fim, o presente estudo reafirma a posição segundo a qual o que se espera de um analista é que ele faça funcionar seu saber em termos de verdade, e não o contrário. Nessa direção, sublinha que é impossível uma apreensão totalizadora da verdade, apontando que sempre algo resta por conceber.
Perfil de usuários de biblioteca governamental: o caso do Ministério da Saúde
Authors: Guimarães Tatiara Paranhos
Published: January 2008

O estudo identificou o perfil dos usuários reais e potenciais da Biblioteca do Ministério da Saúde (MS). Verificou que grande parte dos servidores do MS possui alguma fluência em espanhol, utiliza principalmente a Internet e sites no processo de busca por informações, utiliza a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com maior freqüência em relação a outros serviços prestados pela Biblioteca do Ministério e estão satisfeitos com a referida Biblioteca.
Indicadores de desempenho para bibliotecas universitárias: definições e aplicações sob o ponto de vista da literatura
Authors: Coletta Teresinha das Graças , Rozenfeld Henrique
Published: January 2008

O artigo apresenta discussões da literatura sobre indicadores de desempenho para bibliotecas universitárias. Apresenta ainda um breve relato sobre a importância da avaliação e medição de desempenho nas organizações em geral e, em especial, nas bibliotecas universitárias. Demonstra que uma maior preocupação é observada na literatura internacional e que há falta de definição e uso de indicadores no Brasil, onde a literatura é mais restrita. Questiona sobre o uso de metodologia única de avaliação para as bibliotecas e sugere o aprofundamento dos estudos e a conscientização sobre a importância do uso de indicadores de desempenho nas bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras.
A percepção do controle dos sintomas em pacientes asmáticos
Authors: Ponte Eduardo Vieira , Petroni Jaqueline , Ramos Daniela Campos Borges , Pimentel Luciana , Freitas Daise Naiane , Cruz Álvaro A
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Estimar a proporção de pacientes asmáticos com percepção inadequada do controle dos sintomas e avaliar as características deste subgrupo. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal no qual foram selecionados pacientes ambulatoriais consecutivos com asma leve, moderada ou grave, maiores de 12 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame clínico, avaliação de depressão e da percepção do controle da asma e exame de função pulmonar. Foram realizadas avaliação da concordância quanto ao controle dos sintomas de asma entre médicos e pacientes e comparação entre as características dos pacientes com percepção adequada e inadequada do controle da asma. RESULTADOS: A concordância entre médicos e pacientes quanto ao controle da asma foi baixa (índice kappa = 0,5). Dos 289 pacientes incluídos, 66 (23%) apresentaram percepção inadequada do controle da asma. A análise preliminar univariada revelou que os pacientes com percepção inadequada eram mais idosos, tinham menor renda familiar e apresentavam asma de menor gravidade. A análise multivariada não modificou os resultados. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a sexo, freqüência de pacientes alfabetizados, tempo de sintomas de asma, diagnóstico de rinite, freqüência de depressão, função pulmonar ou adesão ao tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: A freqüência de percepção inadequada do controle da doença em pacientes com asma é elevada, principalmente em pacientes idosos, com baixa renda familiar e asma de menor gravidade.
Correlação dos achados tomográficos com parâmetros de função pulmonar na fibrose pulmonar idiopática em não fumantes
Authors: Lopes Agnaldo José , Capone Domenico , Mogami Roberto , Cunha Daniel Leme da , Melo Pedro Lopes de , Jansen José Manoel
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os achados tomográficos com os parâmetros de função pulmonar em portadores de fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal, em que foram avaliados 30 pacientes não tabagistas, portadores de FPI. Utilizando um sistema de escore semiquantitativo, os seguintes achados na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução (TCAR) foram quantificados: extensão total da doença intersticial (Tot), infiltrado reticular e faveolamento (Ret+Fav), e opacidade em vidro fosco (Vif). As variáveis funcionais foram mensuradas através de espirometria, técnica de oscilações forçadas (TOF), método da diluição com hélio e método da respiração única para medir a capacidade de difusão do monóxido de carbono (DLCO). RESULTADOS: Dos 30 pacientes estudados, 18 eram mulheres e 12 eram homens, com média de idade de 70,9 anos. Foram encontradas correlações significativas de Tot e Ret+Fav com as medidas de capacidade vital forçada (CVF), capacidade pulmonar total (CPT), DLCO e complacência dinâmica do sistema respiratório (correlações negativas), e de Vif com volume residual/CPT (correlação positiva). A relação fluxo expiratório forçado entre 25 e 75% da CVF/CVF (FEF25-75%/CVF) correlacionou-se positivamente com Tot, Ret+Fav e Vif. CONCLUSÕES: Em portadores de FPI, as medidas de volume, difusão e complacência dinâmica são as variáveis fisiológicas que melhor refletem a extensão da doença intersticial na TCAR.
Forma acelerada da fibrose pulmonar idiopática no pulmão nativo após transplante pulmonar unilateral
Authors: Rufino Rogério , Madi Kalil , Mourad Omar , Judice Angelo , Marsico Giovanni , Boasquevisque Carlos Henrique
Published: January 2008

Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 56 anos submetido a transplante pulmonar unilateral esquerdo em decorrência de fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI). No pós-operatório imediato, sob intensa imunossupressão, houve progressão rápida da FPI no pulmão nativo direito, confirmada pela biópsia pulmonar videotoracoscópica, necessitando de ventilação mecânica durante 104 dias até a realização de outro transplante pulmonar à direita. Obteve alta hospitalar após o 26º dia do segundo pós-operatório.
Insuficiência respiratória aguda como manifestação da síndrome de eosinofilia-mialgia associada à ingestão de L-triptofano
Authors: Grangeia Tiago de Araujo Guerra , Schweller Marcelo , Paschoal Ilma Aparecida , Zambon Lair , Pereira Mônica Corso
Published: January 2008

A síndrome da eosinofilia-mialgia foi descrita em 1989 em pacientes que apresentavam mialgia progressiva e incapacitante e eosinofilia sérica, nos líquidos e secreções. A maioria dos pacientes relatava uso prévio de L-triptofano. Sintomas respiratórios são relatados em até 80% dos casos, eventualmente como manifestação única. O tratamento inclui suspensão da droga e corticoterapia. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 61 anos com insuficiência respiratória aguda após uso de L-triptofano, hidroxitriptofano e outras drogas. A paciente apresentava eosinofilia no sangue, lavado broncoalveolar e derrame pleural. Após a suspensão da medicação e corticoterapia, houve melhora clínica e radiológica em poucos dias.
O Estado de Direito na Índia
Authors: Baxi Upendra
Published: January 2008

O autor destaca que o discurso do Estado de Direito liberal patrimonial geralmente desconsidera tradições alternativas. Primeiro não permite qualquer reflexão sobre as concepções de Estado de Direito socialista normativo. Segundo, desconsidera a própria existência de outras tradições de Estado de Direito: por exemplo, a pré-colonial, aquelas moldadas pela revolta contra o Velho Império, ou as contribuições não-miméticas do Poder Judiciário pretensioso de algumas "sociedades em desenvolvimento". Nesse contexto, o autor analisa a peculiaridade do Estado de Direito indiano e sustenta que o mesmo oferece revisões das concepções liberais de direitos. O autor acrescenta que o Estado de Direito indiano se ergue normativamente não somente como uma espada contra a dominação do Estado, mas também como um escudo, autorizando uma intervenção estatal "progressista" na sociedade civil. Por fim, são introduzidas algumas tendências atuais na jurisprudência constitucional, destacando-se a liderança da Suprema Corte indiana no desenvolvimento de uma forma extraordinária de jurisdição sob a rubrica de litígio de ação social.
Application of Rotary Steerable System/PDC Bits in Hard Interbedded Formations: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach to Performance Improvement
Authors: Fiksdal Harald , Hydro Norsk , Rayton Clive , Djerfi Zvonimir
Published: January 2008

The Sognefjord reservoir (Jurassic) in Troll Field, Norwegian North Sea, is drilled horizontally in 9½" hole from 1,800 m to 3,100 m in length. The reservoir consists of loose sands, subdivided into clean and micaceous units and local hard calcareous cemented zones. These sections must be drilled in a tight horizontal plane, approximately one meter above the oil-water contact to maximize oil production. The oil bearing strata is typically between 12 m and 27 m thick. Most steering is done in the vertical plane to keep the well within the narrow target window (∼1 m TVD or less) and in the optimum azimuth to place the well in the desired reservoir sand.

Historically this section has been drilled with steerable motor assemblies and tungsten carbide insert roller cone bits. The use of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits was precluded due to problems associated with toolface control in the loose sands. With the advent of a rotary steerable tool (RSS) came the prospect of long runs with specialized PDC bits. After major area specific problems were encountered a joint task force was assembled, consisting of a drilling operator and an integrated service company, to attempt to improve drilling performance in the reservoir section.

Three main areas of potential improvement were identified:

Improve reliability of the RSS (including MWD). Increased ROP in hard calcite cemented sandstones. Mapping and prediction of calcite cemented zones.

The team concentrated on rock strength analysis, simulator testing of new PDC designs, BHA vibration modeling and analysis of depth based drilling, MWD & vibration data. Modified BHA's and Troll specific antiwhirl PDC bits, along with revised drilling practices, were applied in the field. This allowed step improvements in drilling performance to be achieved. Overall, meters/BHA increased from 264 m to ∼640 m. The new bit designs also increased the overall average R from ∼10 to 20 m/hr and improved instantaneous ROP in the calcareous sandstone sections. Savings in rig time on the Troll development are potentially immense as approximately 60 wells remain to be drilled.

This paper will highlight the need for a systematic approach, including problem definition, data collection, solutions implementation and results benchmarking.
Square Motor Used to Reduce Drag while Maximizing Penetration Rates
Authors: Moore R. S. , Barnett R. T. , Smith T. R.
Published: January 2008

Extended power section motors have been used, together with low-viscosity muds; to dramatically increase instantaneous penetration rates in tectonically stressed areas of Western Canada. However, these penetration rate increases have been accompanied by doglegs induced by steep formation dips and faulting. Steering, required to remain on course, induces further doglegs. The result of such a tortuous wellpath has been high drag. In order to reduce the drag, motor drilled holes have been reamed on time consuming, dedicated trips made with square drill collars.

A square motor has been developed to combine the penetration rate benefits of extended power section mud motors with the stiffness characteristics of a square drill collar. The square motor has been used in the drilling of wells in a number of tectonically stressed fields, and has demonstrated:

Instantaneous penetration rates equal to or better than those obtained with conventional (round) motors Reliable directional characteristics, especially given the tectonically stressed state of the formations being drilled Significant reduction in drag when tangent sections are drilled with square motors rather than steered with directional motors Elimination of reaming time through square motor drilled intervals
Bi-Center Innovations Impact Deepwater Drilling
Authors: Denham Dubby , Fielder Coy M.
Published: January 2008

In 1994, bi-center bits were introduced which contained new technology. For the first time, a single tool could reliably be used to simultaneously drill and underream, even in highly directional applications, all with no moving parts. The results were fewer trips, fewer rotating hours, and less "problem" time. The only major draw back to using bi-center bits has been that they could not be used to drill out cement, float equipment, and casing guide shoes. It was required that a conventional drill bit be used first to drill out into new formation, then a trip was needed to pick up the bi-center bit.

In 1999, advancements in bi-center technology have resulted in a bi-center bit that can be used to drill out and then continue to drill ahead. At the same time ROP, directional control, and hole quality have also improved.

On the first field test of this new technology, bi-centers were used to drill out and drill ahead on three consecutive intervals of a deepwater Gulf of Mexico well. The intervals included a vertical section, a build section, and a tangent section. In all three cases, the drill out was performed with results similar to offset PDC bits, directional targets were all hit with no steering difficulties encountered, and in all three sections, the casing or liner was run to bottom with no problems. The cost savings in trip time alone amounted to over $560,000 (5 trips eliminated). This paper describes the new technology and gives details on the performance (drilling out and in the formation) which lead to the cost savings.
The Development of a Light Well Intervention Ship
Authors: Willis S. K. , Campbell J. A. S.
Published: January 2008

The number of sub sea wells in the world has increased greatly in the last few years. It is estimated that there are approximately 750 sub sea wells in the North Sea with many more than this number world wide. All the indications are that the number of sub sea wells will continue to increase as operators exploit this proven technology in ever deeper water depths. The cost effectiveness of sub sea completions with floating production facilities combined with the environmental advantages of not installing large fixed platforms means that the number of subsea developments will continue to grow.

Coiled tubing as a means of well intervention has matured considerably over the last five years with coiled tubing performing operations that previously would have been the preserve of workover rigs or hydraulic workover units. These two developments lead to the inescapable conclusion that a light subsea well intervention vessel equipped with coiled tubing as it’s primary means of intervention could offer a cost effective method of working over sub sea wells.

Sub-sea well workover is an essential part of field maintenance. It can be divided into two categories; Heavy workover where there is a requirement to deploy a marine drilling riser to retrieve the down hole completion string, necessitating the use of the full capabilities of a drilling rig,Light intervention that can be performed through the existing completion using coiled tubing or wire line requiring a light riser or a sub sea riser.

Light well intervention is currently carried out by mobilising portable equipment onto semi-submersible drill rigs. These rigs may be diverted from infield drilling, or spot hired for the task. Well intervention therefore tends to be performed only when deteriorating well performance has become critical and it can no longer be avoided.

With the growing inventory of sub-sea wells, the industry has recognised the need for a more cost effective, efficient and comprehensive ability to intervene in, and maintain, sub-sea wells. Previous industry studies have concluded that a semi-submersible would be too expensive, and that the motion characteristics of known monohulls would necessitate shut in and disconnection of the riser in relatively modest sea states. Thus both options were seen to be uncompetitive, and the decision to design a new ship was taken.
Digital Knowledge Resources
Authors: Pandian M. Paul
Published: January 2008

Technology has revolutionized the concept of libraries. Networking and computing technologies have now become sufficiently advanced to support the design and deployment of large digital libraries which are capable of supporting the conventional end-user functions. Digital libraries are a natural extension of the evolution in which libraries have been involved for centuries. They represent a fundamental leap forward in the provision of services for, and partnership with, information communities. Because of the ‘digital’ nature, information resources can be shared over the powerful network. With the innovative use of information technology and the integration of many tools and techniques developed thus far and in the foreseeable future, information provision can be more complete, faster, and broad-based. Digital Libraries can be accessed anywhere, any time, by anyone who needs them. Thus, the potential should be great. This article provides an overview of digital and other electronic information resources, their characteristics, growth and developments, and their impact on information access and use. It also deals with issues relevant to building digital library collections and systems.
Digital Library and Digital Reference Service: Integration and Mutual Complementarity
Authors: Liu Jia
Published: January 2008

Both the digital library and the digital reference service were invented and have been developed under the networked environment. Among their intersections, the fundamental thing is their symbiotic interest – serving the user in a more efficient way. The article starts by discussing the digital library and its service and the digital reference service and its collection. Then, based on a series of case studies, the article explores the necessity of their three-dimensional integration, i.e. the completely parallel integration, the digital reference service affiliated with a digital library and a digital library integrated into the reference service. It is proposed that the two communities could achieve improvement simultaneously through mutual complementarity.
Using Alumni Research to Assess a Veterinary Curriculum and Alumni Employment and Reward Patterns
Authors: Bristol David G.
Published: January 2008

Rationale for the study – The purpose of the study was to obtain an outcomes assessment of the professional degree program of a veterinary college and to determine whether recently published national gender differences were true for a program that has always been predominantly female.

Methodology – A survey was developed and mailed to all alumni of the veterinary degree program at North Carolina State University. Anonymous responses were collected by an independent organization for summation. Results were expressed numerically where possible, although the survey included numerous opportunities for textual responses. Responses were stratified by year of graduation, in five-year increments, and by gender of the respondents.

Results

1. Sixty-one percent of graduates remained within North Carolina.

2. While most of the prerequisite courses were considered useful preparation for the curriculum, physics and calculus were exceptions.

3. Over half the alumni thought time allocations to specific courses were appropriate. However, there were substantial differences between courses.

4. The alumni were satisfied with most aspects of the training program, although there were differences between various components.

5. There were substantial gender differences in length of first employment, salaries, species treated, practice ownership and type of ownership, and career satisfaction.

6. Most alumni work in small animal private clinical practice. Ninety-four percent were employed within three months of graduating. Ninety-five percent did no work with the state’s predominant agricultural species.

7. Nineteen percent of alumni were either unsure, probably would not, or definitely would not become a veterinarian if they could choose again.

Conclusion – The survey was a tremendously valuable source of information. Results provided support for curricular revision. The survey also provided comparative data in relation to national norms, where such norms were available. Unfortunately, few reports of this type are available, making inter-institutional comparisons difficult. The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges could assist with standardizing the process of outcomes assessment.