bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel Biomaterials for Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Design, and Drugs
Authors: Nafo Wanis
Published: March 2022

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, hydrogels have attracted significant attention in several medical fields, specifically, drug delivery applications in which gel-based nanocarriers deliver drug molecules to the region of interest in biological organs. For different drug delivery applications, hydrogel systems can be manipulated to provide passive and/or active delivery. Thus, several drug targeting, loading, and releasing mechanisms have been devised and reported in the literature. This chapter discusses these mechanisms and their efficacy with respect to different drug delivery applications. Furthermore, the drug dosage is dependent on the design and shape of the hydrogel systems, which in turn depend on the route of the drug administration. This chapter covers the types of hydrogel-based products applied via different routes of drug administration. Lastly, this chapter addresses different classifications of delivered drugs including small molecular weight drugs; therapeutic proteins and peptides; and vaccines.
The Potential of Precision Probiotic Hafnia alvei HA4597 to Support Weight Loss
Authors: Vinot Nina , Baghtchedjian Emma , Picolo Clémentine , Lambert Grégory
Published: March 2022

Hafnia alvei HA4597® is a novel probiotic strain producing an anorexigenic mimetic protein. This report summarizes the innovative approach leading to the discovery of the precision probiotic H. alvei HA4597® and its benefits on body weight and metabolic parameters. H. alvei HA4597® has been identified after the striking findings on the effects of the bacterial metabolite ClpB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) on appetite regulation, through a screening of ClpB-producing strains. Its efficacy in humans has been validated by a multicentric, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial including 236 overweight adults. The successful results on body weight loss of the clinical study support the use of H. alvei HA4597® in the global management of excess weight.
Updating Normal Organ Weights Using a Large Current Sample Database
Authors: Bell Michael D. , Long Thomas , Roden Anja C. , Cooper Felicia I. , Sanchez Harold , Trower Carrie , Martinez Christine , Hooper Jody E. ,   on behalf of the Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists
Published: March 2022

Context.—

Organ weights are an essential part of autopsy analysis. Deviations from normal organ weights provide important clues to disease processes. The assessment of normal organ weights depends on reliable reference tables, but most widely available reference tables are based on data that are either decades old or derived from relatively small sample sizes.

Objective.—

To provide an updated reference table of organ weights based on contemporary sources and a large sample size.

Design.—

Organ weights from 4197 carefully screened autopsies performed on adults at the Palm Beach County Medical Examiner's Office in West Palm Beach, Florida, and the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota.

Results.—

Height and body weight data in this study reflect the well-recognized increases in both variables, but most particularly in body weight, seen during the last decades. The study data show a strong positive association between organ weight and body weight for the heart, liver, and spleen. There is a similar but weaker association between body weight and the weight of the lungs and kidneys. Brain weight is independent of body weight but shows a strong negative association with age. Even when controlling for body weight, men's organs are heavier, except for the weight of the liver, which is comparable in men and women. These associations are in agreement with the findings of previous studies. The current study suggests that, for some of the commonly weighed organs, there has been an increase in median organ weight when compared with existing references.

Conclusions.—

The tables presented here provide an updated reference that should prove useful to autopsy pathologists in the forensic and hospital settings.
Dried blood spots as option to monitor the anti-sars-cov-2 antibody response after infection or vaccination
Authors: Carthaus A , Görgens C , Knoop A , Geyer H , Thevis M
Published: March 2022

Rationale: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses elicited by infection or vaccination vary among individuals and over time. Their knowledge is of particular importance in, amongst others, elite sport. Can dried blood spots serve as a minimally-invasive, low-cost, decentralized tool to monitor the quantitative antibody response and thus represent an alternative to full blood tests? Methods: Cross-validation of dried blood and venous blood samples of 27 individuals post-infection and 96 individuals post-vaccination, longitudinal antibody monitoring of 27 individuals after vaccination using different vaccines and vaccine schedules and detection of seropositive individuals in a cohort of 557 people using self-collected DBS (dried blood spots) and two commercial immunoassays. Findings: Plasma and DBS values were highly correlated allowing for extrapolation of plasma values from DBS using a factor of a least 10 following the presented procedure. Capillary volumetric sampling and self-sampling produced reliable results. After vaccination, participants showed heterogenous antibody responses but a consistent increase after the second dose. DBS allowed for the analysis of a huge sample volume in a timely manner by limited laboratory personnel. Discussion: DBS offer the possibility of infection and vaccination traceability of individuals and cohorts via minimally-invasive self-sampling. This way, they allow to screen and monitor the presence and evolution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Using two commercial, automated assays enables large-scale and frequent testing, global implementation and comparability of results.
Validação prática de modelos de infravermelho próximo para tomate: sólidos solúveis e acidez
Authors: Aguiar Fernanda Campos de Oliveira , Guariglia Bruna Ariel Dias , Brito Annelisa Arruda de , Campos Luiz Fernandes Cardoso , Nascimento Abadia dos Reis , Corrêa Gilmarcos de Carvalho , Cunha Junior Luís Carlos
Published: March 2022

O tomate é a hortaliça mais produzida e consumida, tendo aceitabilidade tanto para o consumo in natura quanto para a industrialização. Apesar da ampla aceitação dos tomates, o consumidor apresenta como exigência para aquisição do fruto a qualidade, mensurada através de parâmetros como sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Uma técnica de análise química, não destrutiva e não invasiva e de resposta rápida, é a de espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho próximo que tem sido bastante utilizada em várias indústrias, desde agrícola a petroquímica. Considerando a produção em alta escala, a qualidade do tomate exigida pelos consumidores e por se tratar de uma técnica não destrutiva e não invasiva da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (Near Infrared Spectroscopy – NIR), faz-se necessário modelos testados em condições comerciais garantindo um modelo de infravermelho próximo para tomate facilitando a classificação. Realizou-se a validação de forma externa e prática dos modelos de infravermelho próximo para tomate in natura, comparando com os métodos destrutivos e conferindo a acurácia dos modelos na qualificação do fruto quanto aos teores de sólidos solúveis e acidez. O presente trabalho apresenta modelos do projeto executado de 2018 a 2019, construídos através dos aplicativos Model Builder e The Unscrambler e selecionados a partir de parâmetros como coeficiente de calibração, coeficiente da validação cruzada, erro médio do conjunto de calibração, e da validação cruzada e cálculo do desvio do resíduo de calibração. Os resultados foram obtidos através da previsão do modelo para os atributos sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT), do tomate de mesa com maior variabilidade de produção. O modelo para SS apresenta potencialidade para uso comercial, seja na determinação de ponto de colheita, seja na quantificação de qualidade do vegetal. Já para AT, o NIR portátil não produziu um modelo aplicável pela limitação do comprimento de onda.
Resposta de cultivares de soja à redução na densidade de plantas no planalto norte catarinense
Authors: Deretti André Felipe Hermann , Sangoi Luis , Martins Junior Marcos Cardoso , Gularte Paulo Sérgio , Castagneti Valdeci , Leolato Lucieli Santini , Kuneski Hugo François , Scherer Rafael Leandro , Berkenbrock Jardel , Duarte Lucas , Nunes Marcelo de Souza
Published: March 2022

A densidade de plantas é uma prática de manejo relevante para obtenção de altas produtividades na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill). A tendência de diminuir a população de plantas é crescente devido ao alto custo das sementes. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de diferentes cultivares de soja à redução na densidade de plantas no Planalto Norte Catarinense. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso dispostos em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas principais foram avaliadas cinco cultivares: AS3590 IPRO, BMX Ativa RR, BMX Zeus IPRO, M5838 IPRO e NS5445 IPRO. Nas subparcelas foram avaliadas quatro densidades populacionais: 120.000 plantas ha-1, 160.000 plantas ha-1, 200.000 plantas ha-1 e a testemunha (densidade indicada pela detentora da cultivar). Foram realizadas avaliações de rendimento de grãos e seus componentes e os dados submetidos a análise de variância utilizando teste de F. Quando significativas, as médias dos efeitos principais foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, e em caso de interação, as médias foram comparadas por análise de regressão. Ambas as comparações foram ao nível de significância de 5%. A redução na população de plantas não afetou o número de vagens por área, o número de grãos por vagem, o índice de colheita e o rendimento de grãos. Por outro lado, a redução na densidade de plantas aumentou o número de vagens nos ramos e por planta. As cultivares de soja testadas suportaram reduções na população de plantas, sem afetar o rendimento de grãos e a produtividade. Desta maneira, a redução na densidade de plantas pode ser recomendada para a soja cultivada no Planalto Norte Catarinense.
Deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat under application of carrageenan
Authors: Ducatti Rafael Dal Bosco , Wordell Filho João Americo , Mazaro Sergio Miguel
Published: March 2022

Mycotoxins pose a large threat to human and livestock besides reducing the quality of food/feed. It is believed that these toxins are biosynthesized as a mechanism of defense (stress-response) of fungi. The most important mycotoxin for winter-cereal crops is known by deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene biosynthesized mainly by Fusarium graminearum. This manuscript brings data of three years (2018, 2019 and 2020) of field research (24 field experiments) in Western Santa Catarina and North-Western Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil using a sulphated polysaccharide exclusive from red seaweed, carrageenan, associated with fungicides to help suppressing deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels. A reduction of 36.4% in DON contamination was observed. Weather conditions have influenced the accumulation of DON in wheat kernels. Carrageenan has shown to be a biological compound capable of helping on the suppression of DON biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels regardless of weather conditions.
Leadership in the Time of Plague
Authors: Koźmiński Andrzej K.
Published: March 2022

The main point of this article is comparison of two types of leadership: heroic, individualistic, formal, and dispersed, networked, spontaneous. The first is presented in the famous novel by Antoine de Saint Exupery The night flight the second is depicted in Plague by Albert Camus. Formal leadership is experiencing nowadays visible deficit of power. Even the top political leaders of the world, CEOs of global corporations and media moguls are not as powerful as the used to be and not as powerful as they seem. Many of them openly admit that they are simply not able to fulfill their promises and to follow their agendas. This is particularly visible in the times of plague. When degenerated “heroic” traditional power gradually evaporate new networks replace it spontaneously. People who do not seek rewards take over burden of responsibilities in the critical fight against plague. To what extent they will be able to replace the leftovers of traditional leadership?
Coordination of two opposite flagella allows high-speed swimming and active turning of individual zoospores
Authors: Tran Quang D , Galiana Eric , Thomen Philippe , Cohen Céline , Orange François , Peruani Fernando , Noblin Xavier
Published: March 2022

Phytophthora species cause diseases in a large variety of plants and represent a serious agricultural threat, leading, every year, to multibillion dollar losses. Infection occurs when their biflagellated zoospores move across the soil at their characteristic high speed and reach the roots of a host plant. Despite the relevance of zoospore spreading in the epidemics of plant diseases, individual swimming of zoospores have not been fully investigated. It remains unknown about the characteristics of two opposite beating flagella during translation and turning, and the roles of each flagellum on zoospore swimming. Here, combining experiments and modeling, we show how these two flagella contribute to generate thrust when beating together, and identify the mastigonemes-attached anterior flagellum as the main source of thrust. Furthermore, we find that turning involves a complex active process, in which the posterior flagellum temporarily stops, while the anterior flagellum keeps on beating and changes its gait from sinusoidal waves to power and recovery strokes, similar to Chlamydomonas’s breaststroke, to reorient its body to a new direction. Our study is a fundamental step toward a better understanding of the spreading of plant pathogens’ motile forms, and shows that the motility pattern of these biflagellated zoospores represents a distinct eukaryotic version of the celebrated ‘run-and-tumble’ motility class exhibited by peritrichous bacteria.
Re-Identification of Giant Sunfish using Keypoint Matching
Authors: Pedersen Malte , Haurum Joakim Bruslund , Moeslund Thomas B. , Nyegaard Marianne
Published: March 2022

We present the first work where re-identification ofthe Giant Sunfish (Mola alexandrini) is automated using computer vision and deep learning. We propose a pipeline that scores an mAP of 60.34% on a full rank of the novel TinyMola dataset which includes 31 IDs and 91 images. The method requires no domain-adaptation or training which makes it especially suited for low-budget or volunteer-based projects, like Match My Mola, as part of a human-in-the-loop model.

The pipeline includes segmentation, keypoint detection and description, keypoint matching, and ranking. The choice of feature descriptor has the largest impact on the performance and we show that the deep learning based SuperPoint descriptor greatly outperforms handcrafted descriptors like SIFT and RootSIFT independent of the segmentation level and matching method. Combining SuperPoint and the graph neural network based SuperGlue matching method produces the best results.
Photo-Realistic Continuous Image Super-Resolution with Implicit Neural Networks and Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Sarmad Muhammad , Ruspini Leonardo , Lindseth Frank
Published: March 2022

The implicit neural networks (INNs) can represent images in the continuous domain. They consume raw (X, Y) coordinates and output a color value. Therefore they can represent and generate images at arbitrarily high resolutions in contrast to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that output a constant-sized array of pixels. In this work, we show how to super-resolve a single image using an INN to produce sharp and photo-realistic images. We employ a random patch-based coordinate sampling method to obtain patches with context and structure; we use these patches to train the INN in an adversarial setting. We demonstrate that the trained network retains the desirable properties of INNs while the output is sharper compared to previous work. We also show qualitative and quantitative comparisons with INN and CNN baselines on benchmark datasets of DIV2K, Set5, Set14, Urban100, and B100. Our code will be made public.
Persian Language History and Ancient Persian Religious Texts
Authors: MEÇİN Mehmet Mekin
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın konusu, Fars dilinin tarihi ve eski Farsça metinlerin edebî ve dinî içerikleridir. Bu çalışmada konu ile ilgili Türkçe, Farsça, Arapça ve İngilizce çalışmalar incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, edebî ve dinî
açıdan köklü bir medeniyete sahip olan İran'ın dil tarihine ışık tutmak ve bu medeniyetten geriye kalan eserlerdeki dil-din ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda İran dilleri eski, orta ve yeni olmak üzere üç dönemde incelenmiştir.
Eski dönemden eserleri geride kalmış olan Avestaca ve Eski Farsça dilleri ele alınmış ve bu bağlamda Zerdüştîlerin kutsal kitabı Avesta ve Eski Farsça taş yazmalarının dili ve içeriğine ışık tutulmuştur. Orta dönemde ise Sasani
dönemine ait Pehlevîce eserler merkeze alınmıştır. Yeni dönemde sadece dönemin dili üzerinde durulmuş ve bu döneme ait eserlerin çok sayıda olması nedeniyle içerikleri çalışmanın dışında tutulmuştur. Pehlevîce dışında İran dil-din
tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Soğdca, Belhçe, Sakaca ve Harezmce gibi dillere ve bu dillerden geriye kalan sınırlı sayıdaki eserlere dikkat çekilmiştir. Orta dönemde ayrıca Maniheistlerin dinî ve edebî faaliyetleri de özetlenmiştir.
Bu çalışma sonucunda İran dillerinin günümüz Farsçasına ulaşana kadar devam eden tarihsel süreçte geçirdiği aşamalar ortaya konmuş, eski çağlardan geride kalan dinî ve seküler metinler tespit edilmiş, bu metinlerin içeriklerine
kısaca değinilmiş ve bazen bu eserlerin içerikleri, verdikleri mesajların anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacak şekilde yorumlanmıştır.
НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ЗАСЕЛЕНИИ ДОЛИНЫ НИЖНЕЙ ОБИ В ПОЗДНЕМ НЕОПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНЕ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Зольников И.Д. , Анойкин А.А. , Выборнов А.В. , Резвый А.С. , Макаров С.С. , Пархомчук Е.В. , Растигеев С.А. , Пархомчук В.В. , Постнов А.В. , Филатов Е.А. , Васильев А.В.
Published: March 2022

В настоящее время убедительные и наиболее ранние свидетельства присутствия человека за Полярным кругом в азиатской части Евразии были получены на севере Якутии и Красноярского края и соответствуют интервалу 40-35 тыс.л.н., при этом в долине Оби севернее устья Иртыша до недавнего времени каких-либо палеолитические объекты не фиксировались. В 2016 г. на севере Октябрьского района ХМАО была открыта стоянка Комудваны, возрастом 12,5-10,5 тыс. кал.л.н., расположенная на 200 км севернее местонахождения Луговское (Ханты-Мансийский район ХМАО). Также в ходе разведочных маршрутов 2016-2019 гг. по берегам Оби, в ее нижнем течении, фиксировались многочисленные находки костных остатков разных видов животных, представляющих мамонтовый фаунистический комплекс, и единичные каменные артефакты палеолитического облика, возможно синхронные остеологическому материалу (Малый Кутас, Карымкары, Лопхари, и др.). Анализ полученных материалов и их радиоуглеродное датирование на «Ускорительном масс-спектрометре ИЯФ СО РАН» (Новосибирск) показали наличие в объединенной коллекции костей мамонта возрастом ~50-15 тыс. кал.л.н.; шерстистого носорога - ~43-25 тыс. кал.л.н.; северного оленя и лошади - ~40-10 тыс. кал.л.н.; бизона - ~50-40 тыс. кал.л.н.; овцебыка - ~41-32 тыс. кал.л.н. В 2020 г. при шурфовке II надпойменной террасы Кушеватской протоки на правом берегу Оби в отложениях, возраст которых 9 находится в пределах MIS3, был обнаружен массовый палеонтологический материал, залегающий in situ. На крупном фрагменте рога северного оленя из шурфа 12 были зафиксированы следы антропологического воздействия в виде серии линейных следов резки. Также в 2020 г. в нижнем течении р. Сыни (левый приток р. Оби) в двух шурфах в отложениях аналогичного возраста были обнаружены два единичных каменных артефакта - заготовка орудия и одноплощадочный однофронтальный нуклеус. Вместе с нуклеусом в слое также был обнаружен неопределимый фрагмент трубчатой кости (34,228- 32,372 тыс. кал.л.н.). Новые данные, наряду с уже имеющимися археологическими материалами неоплейстоценового возраста с территории Нижнего Приобья и анализом материалов палеолитических объектов Урала и Западной Сибири, позволяют сделать вывод о, как минимум, двух волнах заселения севера Обской низменности - на ранних этапах верхнего палеолита и в финале палеолитического времени.
«ЛАПЛАНДСКИЕ КУЧИ» ТАЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЫ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ - АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МИФ ИЛИ КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ФЕНОМЕН?, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Герасимов Д.В. , Стрельцов М.А.
Published: March 2022

Древние сложения из необработанного природного камня являются одной из наиболее дискуссионных категорий археологических объектов. Среди причин тому многообразие их форм и во многих случаях отсутствие оснований для датирования. Попытки систематизации таких объектов основаны прежде всего на их морфологии и морфологических же аналогиях с каменными сложениями, известными в этнографической современности. Из этнографической современности часто берутся названия разных морфологически выраженных типов каменных сложений, что во многих случаях подразумевает и их интерпретацию. При том морфологически схожие каменные сложения могли иметь (и, несомненно, имели) разное функциональное назначение в разные хронологические периоды, на разных территориях и в разных ландшафтах. При отсутствии археологического или даже датирующего материала, составляющего единый контекст с конкретным каменным сложением, да и при их наличии, существует необходимость определения критериев помимо собственно морфологии и этнографических параллелей, дающих весомые основания для атрибуции таких объектов. Каменные сложения, в Карелии и Финляндии известные под названием «лапландские кучи» (фин. lapinrauniot, англ. Lapp cairns), распространены на севере Восточной Европы. Это конструкции обычно 1-2 м диаметром, высотой до 1,5 м. Расположены, как правило, группами, обычно на террасах близ озер. Находки артефактов или фрагментов костей крайне немногочисленны и встречаются далеко не во всех таких сложениях. Время их бытования относят к 1 тыс. до н.э. - 1 тыс. н.э., хотя датирование этих объектов затруднено. Функция сложений остается предметом дискуссий, предполагается ритуальное (погребальное ) назначение. Весьма схожие по форме сложения часто формируются по краям полей в результате сбора камней. Порой такие объекты принимаются (либо выдаются) за древние конструкции. Проведенное нами изучение таких объектов в разных частях таежной зоны Восточной Европы (от Карельского перешейка до Архангельской области), в том числе с использованием естественно-научных методов, позволяет атрибутировать их как древние объекты и предложить к обсуждению методические критерии разделения древних предположительно ритуальных объектов и побочного результата сельскохозяйственной деятельности.
ЛОПАТКИ ОЛЕНЕЙ И ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЯМАЛО-НЕНЕЦКОГО АВТОНОМНОГО ОКРУГА, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Номоконова Т.Ю. , Лозей Р. Дж. , Плеханов А.В. , Гусев Ан.В.
Published: March 2022

Лопатка северного оленя часто являлась одним из самых распространенных элементов скелета для изготовлений орудий и использования их при гадании у многих коренных народов циркумполярного севера [напр., Василевич, 1969; Дьяченко, 2005; Birket-Smith, 1929; Bogoras, 1904-1909; Morrison, 1983; Tanner, 1979]. Один из таких регионов - Ямало-ненецкий автономный округ, где существовали как минимум две традиции работы с лопатками этого вида животного. Первая - это изготовление ножей для чистки рыб, которая началась по крайней мере в период раннего железного века и представлена большой коллекцией таких ножей, найденных во время раскопок памятника Усть-Полуй [Гусев, 2017]. Изготовление этих предметов и их использование до сих пор продолжается и в настоящее время среди ненцев и хантов этого округа и прилегающих к нему районов [напр., Лукина, 2010; Харючи, 2001]. Вторая традиция - это изготовление орудий из лопатки, возможно, использовавшихся для растягивания тонких ремней [Алексашенко, 1999]. Такие орудия достаточно уникальны по их форме и использовались на территории округа в относительно короткий промежуток, примерно с XI по XIV века н.э. Они были найдены в результате археологических работ только на двух средневековых поселениях Ямала, и в количественном отношении существенно доминируют только на памятнике Ярте 6 [Плеханов, 2014; Nomokonova и др., 2020]. В нашем докладе обобщаются материалы по археологическим нахождениям орудий из лопаток на территории ЯНАО, результаты их трасологического исследования, этнографическим упоминаниям использования этих элементов скелета в циркумполярном севере, и приводятся новые данные по реконструкциям возраста и пола северных оленей, лопатки которых выбирались для изготовлений орудий на поселении Ярте 6.
ТРАДИЦИИ ЧУЖЪЯЁЛЬСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ: ПОИСК ИСТОКОВ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Карманов В.Н.
Published: March 2022

Данные о чужъяёльской культуре на крайнем северо-востоке Европы (нынешние территории Республики Коми и Ненецкого автономного округа, далее КСВЕ) впервые в 1986 г. опубликовал В.С. Стоколос. Но история изучения ее памятников начинается еще в начале 1960-х гг. Тогда Г.М. Буров и Л.П. Хлобыстин одновременно выделяют своеобразные типы керамической посуды из разновременных отложений поселений вблизи оз. Синдор (Буров, 1961; 1967; 1986) и сборов подъемного материала на стоянке Ортинская (Пядышев, Хлобыстин, 1962; Хлобыстин, 1973; Лашук, Хлобыстин, 1986). На такой зыбкой основе они определили синдорскую и ортинскую культуры эпохи бронзы II тыс. до н.э. Их происхождение на КСВЕ исследователи связывали с источниками, представленными материалами памятников Чэстыйяг и Сартынья I (Нижняя Обь). Г.М. Буров дополнил эти аналогии керамикой поселений Федоровское и Умиление (долина р. Волги, Костромская обл.) и в некоторых работах писал даже о галичско-синдорской культурной общности (1986). В.С. Стоколос полагал, что чужъяёльская культура существовала во втор. пол. IV - нач. II тыс. до н.э., в финальном неолите и энеолите с тремя периодами в развитии (Стоколос, 1986; 1988; 1997). Предложенные Г.М. Буровым и Л.П. Хлобыстиным идеи о связях с Нижней Обью он дополнил другими аналогиями, в частности комплексами верхневолжской и камской культур. За сильное удревнение и объединение в рамках одной культуры разнородной керамики его критиковали Г.М. Буров (1992) и Л.Л. Косинская (1997), но сопоставимых по уровню обобщения и систематизации исследований до настоящего времени так никто и не предложил. Для этого нужна полная ревизия источников, их анализ и интерпретация с учетом новейших данных по неолиту и энеолиту Северной Евразии. Именно такую работу инициировал автор. Исследования 2014-2020 гг. комплексов Ваднюр 1/5, -1/7А на р. Вычегде (Карманов, 2017; 2020) и Мучкас (жилище № 1) на р. Мезени (раскопки А.Л. Белицкой при участии автора) позволили получить новые данные. В прошлом исследователи вынужденно ограничивали круг привлекаемых источников исключительно керамикой. Сейчас определено, что специфика чужъяёльской культуры не только в разнообразной сравнительно сложно украшенной посуде. Ее другие признаки: использование для вентиляции и отопления жилого пространства горизонтальных каналов, выходящих за пределы постройки и входящими в общую систему с очагами внутри нее; неинтенсивное конкретно-ситуационное расщепление кремня; сравнительно высокая доля орудий, прежде всего абразивных инструментов из некремневых пород. Убедительные серии 14С дат упомянутых комплексов позволяют пока отнести их бытование к IV - перв. пол. III тыс. до н.э. Но полученная информация рождает проблему поиска истоков традиций чужъяёльской культуры. В настоящее время таковые могут быть выявлены не только в культурах неолита и энеолита Западной Сибири, но и Кольского полуострова, а некоторые могут рассматриваться как автохтонные.
ПЕТРОГЛИФЫ КАНОЗЕРА: ОТКРЫТИЯ 2019-2021 ГГ. И ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВЯЗИ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Колпаков Е.М. , Киселева А.М.
Published: March 2022

В 2019-2021 гг. в комплексе петроглифов Канозера на Кольском полуострове документировано более сотни новых изображений и уточнены некоторые известные выбивки. Особый интерес представляют типологические связи недавно открытых фигур и композиций. С одной стороны, новые фигуры укладываются в типологию канозерских петроглифов, выработанную ранее, с другой стороны, позволяют сделать существенные новые выводы или подтвердить имевшиеся предположения. 1. В группе Еловый 6 разбор скопления неясных выбивок привел к выявлению фигуры зооморфа с «калачевидными» ногами. Такой прием в изображении зооморфов имеется только в петроглифах Чальмн-Варрэ на Поное и до сих пор не встречался на других памятниках наскального искусства. Прием весьма специфичный для того, чтобы допускать его независимое изобретение в разных коллективах. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют в пользу формирования приема «калачевидных» конечностей в Чальмн-Варрэ. 2. В группе Еловый 3 зафиксирован антропоморф анфас, пораженный стрелой в руку или грудь. Три аналогичных персонажа известны только на Старой Залавруге в Карелии, где они изображены в профиль. 3. Открыты две сходные композиции лыжной охоты на лося. Хотя они весьма далеки от известной сцены охоты Залавруги 4 и намного проще нее, все же в них использованы такие же приемы изображения лыжни сплошными линиями и следов от лыжных палок кружками. 4. Открыты три фигуры, которые относятся к геометрическим орнаментам. Ранее на Канозере такие фигуры не встречались. Особенно примечательна одна из них, выглядящая как ромбический меандр или частично вложенные незамкнутые ромбы. С одной стороны, она заметно отличается от геометрических орнаментальных фигур норвежской Альты. С другой стороны, напоминает некоторые фигуры на писанице Пяйве и гравировки на костяных предметах, относящиеся к неолиту и бронзовому веку Северной Фенноскандии. 5. Красивый результат дало новое исследование одного из антропоморфов, который раньше представлялся достаточно ясным. У него удалось разобрать лосиную голову. Очень сходная фигура с лосиной головой была известна на Канозере ранее, и обе даже помещались нами в одну типологическую группу, как и композиции с ними. Теперь имеется две фигуры антропоморфов с несомненной лосиной головой, которые можно отдаленно связать с саамской традицией - легендой о Мяндаше - человеке-олене. 6. Дополняют свои типологические ряды еще одна «трехлепестковая» геометрическая фигура и новая сцена «дефлорации».
Broadband Enhancement of Mid‐Wave Infrared Absorption in a Multi‐Resonant Nanocrystal‐Based Device
Authors: Dang Tung Huu , Abadie Claire , Khalili Adrien , Gréboval Charlie , Zhang Huichen , Prado Yoann , Xu Xiang Zhen , Gacemi Djamal , Descamps‐Mandine Armel , Ithurria Sandrine , Todorov Yanko , Sirtori Carlo , Vasanelli Angela , Lhuillier Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

Light management is one of the main challenges to address when designing a sensor from a nanocrystal (NC) array. Indeed, the carrier diffusion length, limited by hopping mechanism, is much shorter than the absorption depth. Several types of resonators (plasmon, Bragg mirror, guided mode, Fabry–Perot cavity) have been proposed to reduce the volume where light is absorbed. All of them are inherently narrow bands, while imaging applications focus on broadband sensing. Here, an infrared sensor in the short and mid‐wave infrared (SWIR and MWIR) that combines three different photonic modes is proposed to achieve broadband enhancement of the light absorption. Moreover, it is shown that these three modes can be obtained from a simple structure where the NC film is coupled only to a grating and a top metallic layer. The obtained device achieves a high responsivity of >700 mA W–1, a detectivity up to 2 × 1010 Jones at 80 K, and a short response time of 11 µs.
Bistability of Dielectrically Anisotropic Nematic Crystals and the Adaptation of Endothelial Collectives to Stress Fields
Authors: Stefopoulos Georgios , Lendenmann Tobias , Schutzius Thomas M. , Giampietro Costanza , Roy Tamal , Chala Nafsika , Giavazzi Fabio , Cerbino Roberto , Poulikakos Dimos , Ferrari Aldo
Published: March 2022

Endothelial monolayers physiologically adapt to flow and flow‐induced wall shear stress, attaining ordered configurations in which elongation, orientation, and polarization are coherently organized over many cells. Here, with the flow direction unchanged, a peculiar bi‐stable (along the flow direction or perpendicular to it) cell alignment is observed, emerging as a function of the flow intensity alone, while cell polarization is purely instructed by flow directionality. Driven by the experimental findings, the parallelism between endothelia is delineated under a flow field and the transition of dual‐frequency nematic liquid crystals under an external oscillatory electric field. The resulting physical model reproduces the two stable configurations and the energy landscape of the corresponding system transitions. In addition, it reveals the existence of a disordered, metastable state emerging upon system perturbation. This intermediate state, experimentally demonstrated in endothelial monolayers, is shown to expose the cellular system to a weakening of cell‐to‐cell junctions to the detriment of the monolayer integrity. The flow‐adaptation of monolayers composed of healthy and senescent endothelia is successfully predicted by the model with adjustable nematic parameters. These results may help to understand the maladaptive response of in vivo endothelial tissues to disturbed hemodynamics and the progressive functional decay of senescent endothelia.
Pump Up the Jam: Granular Media as a Quasi‐Hydraulic Fluid for Independent Control Over Isometric and Isotonic Actuation
Authors: Bakarich Shannon E. , Miller Rachel , Mrozek Randy A. , O'Neill Maura R. , Slipher Geoffrey A. , Shepherd Robert F.
Published: March 2022

Elastomer‐granule composites have been used to switch between soft and stiff states by applying negative pressure differentials that cause the membrane to squeeze the internal grains, inducing dilation and jamming. Applications of this phenomenon have ranged from universal gripping to adaptive mobility. Previously, the combination of this jamming phenomenon with the ability to transport grains across multiple soft actuators for shape morphing has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, the authors demonstrate the use of hollow glass spheres as granular media that functions as a jammable “quasi‐hydraulic” fluid in a fluidic elastomeric actuator that better mimics a key featur of animal musculature: independent control over i) isotonic actuation for motion; and ii) isometric actuation for stiffening without shape change. To best implement the quasi‐hydraulic fluid, the authors design and build a fluidic device. Leveraging this combination of physical properties creates a new option for fluidic actuation that allows higher specific stiffness actuators using lower volumetric flow rates in addition to independent control over shape and stiffness. These features are showcased in a robotic catcher's mitt by stiffening the fluid in the glove's open configuration for catching, unjamming the media, then pumping additional fluid to the mitt to inflate and grasp.
RNF115 Inhibits the Post‐ER Trafficking of TLRs and TLRs‐Mediated Immune Responses by Catalyzing K11‐Linked Ubiquitination of RAB1A and RAB13
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Dong , Li Hong‐Xu , Gan Hu , Tang Zhen , Guo Yu‐Yao , Yao Shu‐Qi , Liuyu Tianzi , Zhong Bo , Lin Dandan
Published: March 2022

The subcellular localization and intracellular trafficking of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) critically regulate TLRs‐mediated antimicrobial immunity and autoimmunity. Here, it is demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF115 inhibits the post‐endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trafficking of TLRs and TLRs‐mediated immune responses by catalyzing ubiquitination of the small GTPases RAB1A and RAB13. It is shown that the 14‐3‐3 chaperones bind to AKT1‐phosphorylated RNF115 and facilitate RNF115 localizing on the ER and the Golgi apparatus. RNF115 interacts with RAB1A and RAB13 and catalyzes K11‐linked ubiquitination on the Lys49 and Lys61 residues of RAB1A and on the Lys46 and Lys58 residues of RAB13, respectively. Such a modification impairs the recruitment of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1) to RAB1A and RAB13, a prerequisite for the reactivation of RAB proteins. Consistently, knockdown of RAB1A and RAB13 in Rnf115+/+ and Rnf115−/− cells markedly inhibits the post‐ER and the post‐Golgi trafficking of TLRs, respectively. In addition, reconstitution of RAB1AK49/61R or RAB13K46/58R into Rnf115+/+ cells but not Rnf115−/− cells promotes the trafficking of TLRs from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface, respectively. These findings uncover a common and step‐wise regulatory mechanism for the post‐ER trafficking of TLRs.
17α‐Ethynylestradiol‐induced changes in Brassica rapa during the seedling growth stage
Authors: Wijewardana Chathurika , Gonzales Annelise K. , Vogel Charlotte M. , Martinez Nicole E.
Published: March 2022

Estrogens and estrogen‐like compounds are considered contaminants of emerging concern due to their endocrine disrupting capability and potential to build up in soil and aquatic environments, although little is known about the effects of estrogenic compounds on plant life. This research aims to understand the effect of the synthetic hormone 17‐α ethynylestradiol (EE2) on Brassica rapa L. (field mustard) root and shoot vigor at the seedling stage. Endpoints considered included: plant height; root, shoot, and total dry biomass; number of leaves and inflorescences; leaf carbon and nitrogen; root growth traits (length, surface area, diameter, and volume); and root developmental parameters (tips, forks, and crossings). Tukey's method for multiple comparisons was used to determine the significance of pairwise differences between treatment means for each endpoint. 17‐α Ethynylestradiol acted generally as a biostimulant at the concentrations considered (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 15 μg L−1), with the most pronounced differences occurring in seedlings treated with 1 μg L−1 EE2. Although number of leaves and biomass appeared to be inhibited at EE2 concentrations of ≥5 μg L−1 and ≥10 μg L−1, respectively, all other traits in estrogen‐treated plants were similar or improved compared with the control plants. Study results suggest that at certain concentrations, EE2 contributes to more structured root systems, triggering vigorous plant development that may potentially enhance a successful seedling establishment.
Evolution of data science and its education in iSchools: An impressionistic study using curriculum analysis
Authors: Urs Shalini R. , Minhaj Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Data Science (DS) has emerged from the shadows of its parents—statistics and computer science—into an independent field since its origin nearly six decades ago. Its evolution and education have taken many sharp turns. We present an impressionistic study of the evolution of DS anchored to Kuhn's four stages of paradigm shifts. First, we construct the landscape of DS based on curriculum analysis of the 32 iSchools across the world offering graduate‐level DS programs. Second, we paint the “field” as it emerges from the word frequency patterns, ranking, and clustering of course titles based on text mining. Third, we map the curriculum to the landscape of DS and project the same onto the Edison Data Science Framework (2017) and ACM Data Science Knowledge Areas (2021). Our study shows that the DS programs of iSchools align well with the field and correspond to the Knowledge Areas and skillsets. iSchool's DS curriculums exhibit a bias toward “data visualization” along with machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence; go light on statistics; slanted toward ontologies and health informatics; and surprisingly minimal thrust toward eScience/research data management, which we believe would add a distinctive iSchool flavor to the DS.
Fast Charge and High Stability of Solid‐State Graphite Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal Composite Anodes
Authors: Ueda Hiroyuki , Mizuno Fuminori , Kerr Robert , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C.
Published: March 2022

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are promising candidates to overcome the inherent safety issues of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Although OIPCs have excellent process applicability in the roll‐to‐roll electrode fabrication process, their application as solid electrolytes incorporated in composite electrodes has yet to be demonstrated in detail. Herein, we denote the positive effect of the N‐ethyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([C2mpyr][FSI]) incorporated within a composite graphite anode on the charge rate capability and cycle life. The highest charge capacity ratio (the charge capacity at 2C vs. that measured at 0.1C) was measured for the composite anode with an OIPC composite ratio of 50 wt % (89.5 %, 295.7 mAh/g at 2C charge), almost the same as that of the graphite anode with a liquid electrolyte (85.7 %, 295.9 mAh/g at 2C charge). More favorable lithium‐ion conduction pathways were resolved for the anode with a higher OIPC composite ratio, whereas an excessive amount of OIPC reduced the long‐term cyclability. The most stable discharge capacity retention was obtained for 30 wt % OIPC composite (257.4 mAh/g at the 100th discharge), which showed no signs of discharge capacity fading within 100 cycles. The lithiation/delithiation process of the solid‐state graphite‐[C2mpyr][FSI] composite anode was evaluated to be stable and reversible. In addition, the incorporated OIPC composite enhanced the electrolyte/electrode and electrode/current collector contacts. This work highlights multiple advantageous functions of the OIPC in a composite graphite anode, which will broaden our horizons for the use of OIPC composites in ASSBs.
AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins
Authors: Di Gioacchino Mario , Della Valle Loredana , Allegra Alessandro , Pioggia Giovanni , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: March 2022

Background

Immune cells and immune proteins play a pivotal role in host responses to pathogens, allergens and cancer. Understanding the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer, immune surveillance, immunomodulation, role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated functions and help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Allergy and oncology show two opposite scenarios: whereas immune tolerance is desired in allergy, it is detrimental in cancer.

Aim

The current review provides an update on the role of immune cells and immune proteins in allergy and cancer fields.

Methods

Authors investigated the role of relevant immunological markers and the correlation with cancer progression or cancer suppression.

Results

Activated immune cells such as macrophages ‘M1’, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), NK cells, Th1, follicular T helper cells (TFH), TCD8+, B lymphocytes and eosinophils have inhibitory effects on tumourigenesis, while tolerogenic cells such as macrophages ‘M2,’ tolerogenic DCs, ILC3, T and B regulatory lymphocytes appear to favour carcinogenesis. Mastocytes and alarmins can have both effects. RIgE antibodies and CCCL5 chemokine have an anticancer role, whereas IgG4, free light chains, Il‐10, TGF‐β, lipocalin‐2, CCL1 chemokine promote cancer progression. Fundamental is also the contribution of epigenetic changes regulated by the microRNA in cancer progression.

Conclusion

This knowledge represents the key to developing new anticancer therapies.
Evaluation of the Effect of Abrocitinib on Drug Transporters by Integrated Use of Probe Drugs and Endogenous Biomarkers
Authors: Vourvahis Manoli , Byon Wonkyung , Chang Cheng , Le Vu , Diehl Annette , Graham Daniela , Tripathy Sakambari , Raha Nancy , Luo Lina , Mathialagan Sumathy , Dowty Martin , Rodrigues A. David , Malhotra Bimal
Published: March 2022

Abrocitinib is an oral Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor currently approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). As patients with AD may use medications to manage comorbidities, abrocitinib could be used concomitantly with hepatic and/or renal transporter substrates. Therefore, we assessed the potential effect of abrocitinib on probe drugs and endogenous biomarker substrates for the drug transporters of interest. In vitro studies indicated that, among the transporters tested, abrocitinib has the potential to inhibit the activities of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 and 2K (MATE1/2K). Therefore, subsequent phase I, two‐way crossover, open‐label studies in healthy participants were performed to assess the impact of abrocitinib on the pharmacokinetics of the transporter probe substrates dabigatran etexilate (P‐gp), rosuvastatin (BCRP and OAT3), and metformin (OCT2 and MATE1/2K), as well as endogenous biomarkers for MATE1/2K (N1‐methylnicotinamide (NMN)) and OCT1 (isobutyryl‐L‐carnitine (IBC)). Co‐administration with abrocitinib was shown to increase the plasma exposure of dabigatran by ~ 50%. In comparison, the plasma exposure and renal clearance of rosuvastatin and metformin were not altered with abrocitinib co‐administration. Similarly, abrocitinib did not affect the exposure of NMN or IBC. An increase in dabigatran exposure suggests that abrocitinib inhibits P‐gp activity. By contrast, a lack of impact on plasma exposure and/or renal clearance of rosuvastatin, metformin, NMN, or IBC suggests that BCRP, OAT3, OCT1, and MATE1/2K activity are unaffected by abrocitinib.
“Generalized unsafety” as fear inhibition to safety signals in adults with and without childhood trauma
Authors: Huskey Alisa , Taylor Daniel J. , Friedman Bruce H.
Published: March 2022

The Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress posits that low heart rate variability contributes to a perception of “generalized unsafety” (i.e., constantly perceiving oneself to be unsafe), independent of stressful events or stress‐related symptomatology. We tested this claim by examining if resting heart rate variability, trait worry, posttraumatic stress symptoms, trauma history, and age of onset predicted fear inhibition, a measure of generalized unsafety. A Pavlovian discriminant conditioning paradigm was used to assess fear inhibition level by comparing eyeblink startle potentiation to a threat cue (presented with air blast) with startle potentiation to a safety signal (never presented with air blast). Survey and laboratory responses were collected from 42 adults who were 20 years old on average, 86% Women, and 76% White. Heart rate variability did not independently predict variation in fear inhibition, as hypothesized. Rather, higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms and greater cumulative interpersonal trauma predicted lower fear inhibition. Individuals reporting childhood trauma had higher trait worry, which predicted more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. These findings highlight the role of attenuated inhibitory learning in stress‐related symptomatology and developmentally disruptive trauma. Ability to distinguish threat from safety is a plausible biobehavioral mechanism by which adversity impacts development.