bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural response due to wave impacts on a coastal protection
Authors: De Backer Hans , Outtier Amelie , Schotte Ken
Published: December 2014

Because of a new Master plan for Coastal Protection, most of the Belgian coastal cities are planning new protective measures for their beaches and coastal promenades. One of the first locations where these new measures are implemented is the coastal town of Wenduine. Three separate new constructions have to be designed with the perspective of protecting the town as well as coastal region for the following 50 years.

As opposed to purely vertical or horizontal surface type structures, structures consisting of both vertical parapets and horizontal slabs have rarely been considered. The behaviour of these structures is more similar to bridge conduct, since the incident loads vary with time and space, then to classic coastal structures.

The effect of wave impact on these structures results in local patch loading on a swaying system, introducing local deformations, stresses and accelerations, whose peak values are not necessarily relevant for the entire structural behaviour. This patch loading, moving rapidly with time, as an upward pressure front, acting on the lower side of the structure may cause local deformations, but does not necessarily cause collapse or endanger neither structural equilibrium nor stability. The pressure wave is a frontally moving load, limited in time and space. Fundamental insight in the structural response of these coastal protection structures necessitates a detailed calculation of the dynamic as well as static structural response because of the wave impact.

The main objective of this article is the study of the structural response of the monolithic concrete coastal protection structures. The focus is on the structural response of the structure, comfort conditions for use and structural safety. This is analysed by numerical modelling of the structural response based on recently proposed design values for such wave loading. These models include the actual structure as well as the influence of foundations and ground layers.
4D Full-Scale Finite Element Analysis of Long-Span Composite Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Li Yixin , Nie Jianguo
Published: December 2014

In bridge engineering, besides the design in 3D space scale, the construction at the time scale is also an important aspect that will influence the performance of a bridge in use stage. Two aspects of work were contained in this paper. Firstly, based on a three-span composite bridge of continuous box girder (88m+156m+88m), a full-scale finite element model was constructed in the program Midas FEA. Specially, the box girder was consisted of corrugated steel webs and concrete flanges. Secondly, focusing on the connection style, two types of connectors including headed stud and ‘perfobond strip’ were applied in the composite box girder. With the simulation of 4D full-scale finite element model, the results wear reasonable and exact. And the comparison research indicated that the program with stud connectors had a smaller stiffness and a better stress condition. The 4D full-scale finite element analysis method may provide reference and experience for further study.
Analysis of Existing Masonry Arch Bridges using Finite Elements
Authors: Rhodes Steve , Icke Philip
Published: December 2014

Many of our oldest bridges – now subjected to traffic unimaginable to the original constructors – are masonry arches. Large and small, they collectively form a very significant part of the highway and railway networks, keeping our communities connected, whilst also being admired and enjoyed, in their own right, by people the world over.

Managing these vital transport links is therefore of great importance, and an understanding of the structural behaviour, together with an assessment of the load-carrying capacity, is fundamental to the process of identifying structures which require strengthening and planning suitable interventions. A sustainable approach for such infrastructure management requires engineers to draw deeply on the available intellectual resources to avoid unnecessary work or, worse, unplanned closures or collapses.

This paper explores the application of FE methods to analysis of masonry bridges, with emphasis on structural understanding and issues including soil-structure interaction. Issues of idealisation, material parameters and nonlinear behaviours are considered in the context of practical project work, highlighting the key considerations.
The development of successful design standards: understanding the challenges
Authors: Angelino Mariapia , Agarwal Jitendra , Shave Jon , Denton Steve
Published: December 2014

The current generation of design standards in the construction sector has reached a high level of complexity, which reflects negatively on the quality of design standards and as a result on the efficient communication of technical provisions to users. Recently, the desire to improve quality and usability of design standards has become increasingly strong; in fact, enhancing the ‘ease of use’ will be a major focus in the development of the next generation of the Structural Eurocodes, scheduled to be completed by 2020. In this paper the authors outline the state-of-the-art of the concepts of quality and usability applied to design standards. A basic framework to start investigating these concepts is proposed and a real case study to explore the issue of quality in design standards is presented. This research shows that several challenges need to be overcome in pursuing the above goals and that further research is needed.
Safety of live loads for the bridges in Russia, USA and Europe
Authors: Vasilyev Alexander I.
Published: December 2014

The paper analyses safety providing of standard designing live loads for the bridges in Russia, United States and Europe. It shows that Russian and USA codes have approximately similar safety providing of these standards, but code of European Union has too high one.
Vibration analysis of a steel truss bridge with random track irregularities under a moving train load
Authors: Choi Dong-Ho , Mu Di , Nassif Hani
Published: December 2014

This paper deals with the dynamic response of a truss bridge under a single moving train. A planar finite element model of a train-bridge system is used. The train is divided into one-foot sprung masses. The bridge is modelled as frame and truss elements. Vertical random track irregularities are generated by power spectrum density functions. The dynamic equations of motion of the train and the bridge are coupled by the shape constraints and contact forces. The interaction dynamic equation of motion is solved by the Newmark-beta and Newton-Raphson method. The dynamic response of a steel truss bridge with track irregularities under a KTX train is calculated as an example. The dynamic impact factors for different bridge nodes are evaluated and compared with different train speeds and track irregularities conditions.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Interaction of Azide Ion with cis-diaqua-bis(bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) Complex and Hydroxopentaaqua Rhodium(III) complex in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Mondal Subala , Ray Sumon , Chattopadhyay Animesh , Nandi Debabrata , Sarkar (Sain) Roshni , Ghosh Alak K
Published: December 2014

The interaction of the aqua ligand substitution from cis-diaqua-bis(bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)complex([Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+) and hydroxopentaaqua rhodium(III) complex ([Rh(H2O)5(OH)]+2) by azide has been studied spectrophotometrically as a function of [substrate complex], [ligand] and temperature at pH 4.5 for the first complex and pH 4.3 for the second complex, at constant ionic strength. The substitution reaction for both complexes shows two consecutive steps. Both steps are [ligand]-dependent. The activation parameters for both steps were evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters calculated from the temperature dependence of the outer-sphere association equilibrium constants are also consistent with an associative mode of activation. The products of the reactions have been characterised by IR, and ESI-mass spectroscopic analysis.
Associative Adsorption Kinetics: A Novel Kinetic Model for the Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane
Authors: Akram Muhammad Sarfraz , Munir Dureem , Usman Muhammad Rashid
Published: December 2014

Methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation is an important reforming reaction and is considered as a model naphthene dehydrogenation reaction. An increase in the rate of this reaction with the addition of hydrogen at low pressures has been observed by various researchers in the field. This enhancement in rate is described, in the present study, using the concept of associative adsorption of MCH with hydrogen in Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson single-site and dual-site surface reaction mechanisms. The various rate equations developed on these bases are tested against the experimental data of Usman over Pt/Al2O3 and the best-fit rate model is presented. An activation energy of 52.0 kJ mol−1 is obtained for the best-fit rate model.
College News Vol.5(2)
Authors: Rahman Md Tahminur
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21136 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 2: July 2014, Pages 55
Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mother
Authors: Ferdousi Shormin Ara , Sarker Ferdousur Rahman , Jahan Nasim , Fatema Nurunnahar
Published: December 2014

Background: The aim of the study was to unveil the prevalence of different types of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) through echocardiogram and to perceive the utility of Echocardiogram in diagnosis of CHD in Infant of Diabetic Mother (IDM). Methodology: This explorative study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of one year from July 2004 to June 2005. The study was done on 56 neonates of gestational diabetic mother irrespective of their gestational age and birth weight who were delivered at CMH. All the patients were evaluated by echocardiography by an expert pediatric cardiologist of the same institute within 7 days of delivery. Results: Out of 56 IDM 5.2% was normal. The most common Echo-cardiographic finding was patent Foramen Ovale (60.71%). Other different Echocardiographic findings were patent Ductusarteriosusin 31 (55.3%) cases, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in 12 (21.42%) cases and ASD in 6 (10.71%) cases. Some other uncommon findings include Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Tricuspid Regurgitation(TR) and Right ventricular hypertrophy(RVH). Conclusion: These findings of CHD of Infant of Diabetic Mother (IDM) could demonstrate that Echocardiogram might be used as an effective tool to diagnose CHD for the IDM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21140 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 74-78
Tubercular Meningitis in Children: An Update
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Md Mizanur , Akter Shaheen , Begum Suraiya
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21143 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 86-93
Fraser Syndrome  A Case Report
Authors: Nahar Begum Sharifun
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21145 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 98-100
Pheochromocytoma: A Rare Cause of Childhood Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Authors: Islam Shahnoor , Kabir Shahreen , Morshed AKM Amirul , Alam SM Shafiqul , Siddiki Jillur Rahman
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21147 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 104-108
An Approach to a Child with Arthritis
Authors: Islam Mohammad Imnul , Taliukder Manik Kumar , Rahman Shahana
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21148 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 109-116
Combining ability analysis for grain yield and its attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Mallikarjuna BP , Shivakumar N , Devendrappa J , Sheela VD , Bharamappa G , Halikatti Ganesh
Published: December 2014

Combining ability on grain yield and its components from line × tester analysis of thirty rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.) produced by crossing three newly developed CMS lines and ten testers of local origin were studied. The analysis revealed higher SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters except plant height indicating the prevalence of non-additive gene action. The line KCMS 45A and testers MSN 36 and KMR 3 were the good general combiners for yield and its major contributing characters. MSN 99 was the only good general combiner among the male parents for earliness and dwarfness. The hybrids KCMS 46A × MSN 75, KCMS 44A × KMR 4 and KCMS 45A × KMR 3 were identified as potential hybrids for yield contributing characters based on SCA effects which could be exploited in future rice breeding programme by adopting heterosis breeding strategy. The contribution of testers towards the total variance was found higher than lines and line x tester interaction suggesting predominant of testers influence for these characters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21107 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 1-8 (2014)
Management of leaf blight of Chrysanthemum with compost teas
Authors: Deepthi K Praveena , Reddy P Narayan
Published: December 2014

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramil) is an important flower crop, being affected by leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, a serious disease affecting the flower yield. The present studies were carried out to derive a management strategy with compost teas. The compost teas Vermicompost (CT-1), Vermicompost + Pseudomonas fluorescens1% (CT-2), Vermicompost  + Trichoderma viride1% (CT-3), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% (CT-4), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% + Pseudomonas fluorescens1% (CT-5), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% +Trichoderma viride1% (CT-6), Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% (CT-7), Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% + Pseudomonas fluorescens1% (CT-8) and Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% + Trichoderma viride1% (CT-9) were tested against the mycelia growth  and spore germination of pathogen, and against disease under field conditions. Compost teas that were sterilized by filtration were prefixed with S where ever necessary. Compost teas were effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth and spore germination. In single spray treatment the percent disease index varied from 9% (CT-8) to 21.34% (CT-4), in two spray treatments 8.69% (SCT-6) to 13.34% (CT-7) and in 3 sprays treatment 4.67% (CT-6) to 11.2% (SCT-1). Treatments CT-6 (4.67%), SCT-5 (4.75%) SCT-6 (6.45%), SCT-7 (5.85%) was superior to fungicide Iprodione 25% + Carbendazim 25%. The treatment CT-6 was most effective to increase the flower yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21112 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 48-61 (2014)
Comparative water use efficiency of drip and furrow irrigation systems for off-season vegetables under plastic tunnel
Authors: Musa M , Iqbal M , Tariq M , Sahi FH , Cheema NM , Jahan FN
Published: December 2014

The experiment was conducted under plastic tunnel at Groundnut Research Station, Attock, Pakistan during 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 to determine water consumption by three off-season vegetables irrigated through drip and furrow systems, and to evaluate the comparative water use efficiency (WUE) of two irrigation systems in rain fed areas. Drip and furrow irrigation systems were tested on tomato, cucumber and bell pepper in this study. A permanent tunnel of 24 x 8 x 3 m was erected. Each crop was planted on 6 x 8 m under drip irrigation and on 6 x 2.70 m under furrow irrigation system. Water use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of total yield (kg) to total water consumed by the crop (m3). Each crop consumed less water under drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation system. Amomg crops, cucumber comsumed the least amount of water irrespective of irrigation systems. Average water use efficiency increased by 250% for tomato, 274% for cucumber and 245% for bell pepper under drip irrigation system as compared to furrow system. On the contrary, the average fruit yield increased only by 2.05% for tomato, 3.32% for cucumber and 2.35% for bell pepper in furrow irrigation over  drip irrigation. This suggested that drip irrigation has a greater scope for production of off-season vegetables especially in water scarce areas of Pakistan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21113 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 62-71 (2014)
Evaluation of new molecule of insecticides against pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) of pigeon pea
Authors: Singh AK
Published: December 2014

Pod fly [Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)] is a key biotic constraint for productivity in subsistence crop protection pattern; its damage varies up to 80%; has been estimated about US $ 256 million annually. The research trial was accomplished at Research Farm of SASRD, Nagaland University during Kharif 2011 and 2012 in order to evaluate the new molecules against pod fly. The experiment was consisted 6 treatments (Trizophos 500 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1 + Acetamiprid 30 g ai. ha-1, Flubendiamide 47 g ai. ha-1, Chlorantraniliprole 40 g ai. ha-1 and Spinosade 75 g ai. ha-1) compare with control. The lowest pod damage (9.7% and 9.3%), lowest grain damage (5.3% and 5%) and highest grain yield (1202 kg ha-1 and 1209 kg ha-1) were obtained from Chlorantraniliprole followed by Emamectine benzoate+ Acetamiprid, Spinosade, Emamectine benzoate, Flubendiamide, Trizophos and all the treatments were significantly superior over control. The highest B: C ratio reward (1:4.24) was obtained from Chlorantraniliprole. The results indicated that Chlorantraniliprole was more effectual against pod damage, grain damage, yield and B: C ratio. The safer chemical control methods reduce the pod damage, grain damage and higher yield with high benefit: cost ratio, so therefore chemical control popularizes as an effective, practical alternative and makes lucrative cultivation of pigeon pea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21115 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 89-95 (2014)
Evaluation of maize (Zea mays)-legumes intercropping system under red and lateritic tract of West Bengal
Authors: Mandal MK , Banerjee M , Banerjee H
Published: December 2014

A field experiment was carried out during kharif season of 2010 and 2011 at Sriniketan Research Farm, Visva-Bharati, West Bengal, India. The yield attributes and growth parameters were significantly higher in case of sole maize and intercropping treatments with legumes. The maximum total chlorophyll (chlorophyll a + chlorophyll b) was observed on sole maize, which was statistically at par with maize crop under intercropping system. In the middle canopy, highest light interception (%) was observed in maize + groundnut (2:4). The grain yield (2.48 t ha-1) and stover yield (5.07 t ha-1) of maize were significantly higher in sole maize than either of its intercropping systems with legumes. The legume yield was highest in maize + groundnut (1:2) followed by sole groundnut. The maize equivalent yield (7.06 t ha-1) was highest in maize + groundnut (2:4) followed by maize + groundnut (1:2). The highest benefit cost ratio maize + groundnut (1:2) closely followed by maize + soybean (1:2). The total N uptake by sole maize was significantly higher and under intercropping systems, the highest N concentrations in grain and straw, and protein content in grains were obtained in maize + soybean (1:2) and maize + groundnut (2:4) treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21118 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 117-126 (2014)
Yield and nutrient uptake of summer green gram [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek] under different levels of phosphorus and Sulphur fertilizations
Authors: Bairwa RK , Nepalia V , Balai CM , Jalwania R , Meena HP
Published: December 2014

A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dungarpur (Rajasthan) during summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 on sandy clay loam soil to investigate the effect of phosphorus (control, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and sulphur (control, 15, 30 and 45 kg S ha-1) application on NPK and S uptake by green gram [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek]. Increasing levels of phosphorus up to 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in significantly higher grain (745 kg ha-1) and stover  (1245 kg ha-1) yields and uptake of NPK and S  by grain, stover and the whole plant over lower levels of phosphorus during both the years of the study as well as on pooled basis. But it was at par with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 in respect to S uptake by grain during 2011, S uptake by stover during both the years and total S uptake during 2011. 45 kg S ha-1 produced significantly higher grain (743 kg ha-1) and stover (12264 kg ha-1) yields and uptake of NPK and S by grain, stover as well as total uptake over lower levels of sulphur during both the years of the investigation and on pooled basis. Interaction effect was significant in respect to total NPK and S uptake on pooled basis. Combined application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 45 kg S ha-1 resulted in significantly higher uptake of total NPK and S by summer green gram DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21122 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 162-172 (2014)
The Human ABCG1 Transporter Mobilizes Plasma Membrane and Late Endosomal Non-Sphingomyelin-Associated-Cholesterol for Efflux and Esterification
Authors: Neufeld Edward , O'Brien Katherine , Walts Avram , Stonik John , Malide Daniela , Combs Christian , Remaley Alan
Published: December 2014

We have previously shown that GFP-tagged human ABCG1 on the plasma membrane (PM) and in late endosomes (LE) mobilizes sterol on both sides of the membrane lipid bilayer, thereby increasing cellular cholesterol efflux to lipid surfaces. In the present study, we examined ABCG1-induced changes in membrane cholesterol distribution, organization, and mobility. ABCG1-GFP expression increased the amount of mobile, non-sphingomyelin(SM)-associated cholesterol at the PM and LE, but not the amount of SM-associated-cholesterol or SM. ABCG1-mobilized non-SM-associated-cholesterol rapidly cycled between the PM and LE and effluxed from the PM to extracellular acceptors, or, relocated to intracellular sites of esterification. ABCG1 increased detergent-soluble pools of PM and LE cholesterol, generated detergent-resistant, non-SM-associated PM cholesterol, and increased resistance to both amphotericin B-induced (cholesterol-mediated) and lysenin-induced (SM-mediated) cytolysis, consistent with altered organization of both PM cholesterol and SM. ABCG1 itself resided in detergent-soluble membrane domains. We propose that PM and LE ABCG1 residing at the phase boundary between ordered (Lo) and disordered (Ld) membrane lipid domains alters SM and cholesterol organization thereby increasing cholesterol flux between Lo and Ld, and hence, the amount of cholesterol available for removal by acceptors on either side of the membrane bilayer for either efflux or esterification.
Synthesization, Characterization, and in Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Biomaterials Based on Halloysite Nanotubes
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Antonio , Peña-Parás Laura , Vidaltamayo Román , Cué-Sampedro Rodrigo , Mendoza-Martínez Ana , Zomosa-Signoret Viviana , Rivas-Estilla Ana , Riojas Paulina
Published: December 2014

Halloysite is an aluminosilicate clay that has been widely used for controlled drug delivery, immobilization of enzymes, and for the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Surface modification of halloysite by organosilanes has been explored to improve their properties. In this study halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) were functionalized by two different organosilanes: Trimethoxy(propyl)silane (TMPS), and Triethoxy(octyl)silane (EOS). Untreated and modified samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed a strong interaction of organosilanes with the chemical groups present in HNTs. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of these nanomaterials were determined using C6 rat glioblastoma cells. Our results indicate that prior to functionalization, HNTs show a high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. However, HNTs functionalized with EOS and TMPS showed high cytotoxicity by inducing apoptosis. These results allow the identification of potential applications in biomedical areas for HNTs.
Rumphellaoic Acid A, a Novel Sesquiterpenoid from the Formosan Gorgonian Coral Rumphella antipathies
Authors: Chung Hsu-Ming , Wang Wei-Hsien , Hwang Tsong-Long , Fang Lee-Shing , Wen Zhi-Hong , Chen Jih-Jung , Wu Yang-Chang , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: December 2014

A novel sesquiterpenoid, rumphellaoic acid A (1), was isolated from the gorgonian coral Rumphella antipathies, and was found to possess a carbon skeleton that was obtained for the first time from a natural sources. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and this compound and was found to exert a moderate inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils.
A Novel Extended N-Methyl Monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene Based on 2-Methylene-4,5-Bis(Methylthio)-1,3-Dithiole
Authors: Hou Ruibin , Shang Xiaohong , Xia Yan , Li Bao , Li Dongfeng
Published: December 2014

The title compound was prepared via a cross-coupling reaction and its crystal structure has been determined. It crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1 with cell parameters: a = 8.552(2) Å, b = 11.310(2) Å, c = 16.150(3) Å, α = 109.55(3)°, β = 91.45(3)°, γ = 91.28(3)°, V = 1470.6(5) Å3, Z = 2 at 296 K. There is one molecule in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structure, the neighboring molecules from dimers by weak intermolecular π···π interactions between the pyrrole and tetrathiafulvalene units. The dimers are further linked through C-H···π interactions to generate one-dimensional chains along the [100] direction. The arrangement of the molecules corresponds to an overlap between the HOMO and LUMO.
Saikosaponin D Isolated from Bupleurum falcatum Inhibits Selectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion
Authors: Jang Myoung-Jun , Kim Ye , Bae Eun , Oh Tae-Seok , Choi Hwa-Jung , Lee Jung-Hee , Oh Hyun-Mee , Lee Seung
Published: December 2014

Three saikosaponins were isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L.: saikosaponins B3 (1); B4 (2); and D (3). Of the three, compound 3 inhibited the interaction of selectins (E, L, and P) and THP-1 cells with IC50 values of 1.8, 3.0 and 4.3 µM, respectively. Also, the aglycone structure 4 of compound 3 showed moderate inhibitory activity on L-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. From these results, we suspect that compound 3 isolated from Bupleurum falcatum roots would be a good candidate for therapeutic strategies to treat inflammation.
La mobilisation du champ patrimonial dans l'élaboration d'une identité « petite ville ». (Heritage and identity strategies in small-sized Cities)
Authors: Périgois Samuel
Published: December 2014

La problématique de la petite ville doit être reconsidérée avec les processus contemporains de métropolisation et les recompositions territoriales. Le constat d'une multiplication d'opérations de requalification des centres des petites villes depuis deux décennies amène à repenser les modes de production urbaine. Cet article analyse l 'instrumentalisation des valeurs patrimoniales dans le champ de l 'aménagement et de l 'urbanisme et les implications physiques et symboliques des opérations de revalorisation et esthétisation des espaces publics, à partir d'un échantillon de vingt petites villes du département de l 'Isère. Ce travail met en évidence la production d'un type d'urbanité.
L'apport de la stéréophotogrammétrie à l'étude de la dégradation des pierres monumentales (Contribution of stereophotogrammetry to the study of monumental stones weathering)
Authors: Vautier Franck , Voldoire Olivier , Duracka Nicolas
Published: December 2014

Stereophotogrammetry is used as a method to quantify and spatialize weathering processes affecting stones monument to compensate for the imprecision of conventional methods. Tests are executed on alveolar erosion of gneiss stones of the Manglieu church (Puy-de-Dôme). Advantages and limits of the field work, level of the data precision and capacity of the 3D restitution are evaluated. Application fields of the method are also discussed as well as the potential technical alternatives.
L'influence paraglaciaire dans le déclenchement d'aléas naturels : exemple de la vallée de Freissinières (Briançonnais, Hautes-Alpes) (Paraglacial dynamics as natural hazards triggering factor : the Freissinières catchment, (Briançonnais, Hautes-Alpes) study case),
Authors: Cossart Étienne , Szuba Perrine
Published: December 2014

La vallée de Freissinières est propice au déclenchement de crues torrentielles. Ces crues torrentielles sont caractérisées par un fonctionnement en embâcle / débâcle. Ce fonctionnement s'explique par l 'importante fourniture de débris depuis les versants, plus particulièrement par la disponibilité des sources de sédiments glaciaires et paraglaciaires.
Reconstitution de l'histoire paraglaciaire d'une marge glaciaire face aux changements climatiques : le cas du glacier Baron au Spitsberg (Paraglacial history of a glacial margin facing global change : the Baronbreen case study, Spitsbergen)
Authors: Étienne Samuel , Mercier Denis
Published: December 2014

Les régions polaires sont très sensibles aux variations climatiques. Les milieux englacés, comme ceux du Spitsberg, répondent rapidement au réchauffement climatique par la désintégration des masses glaciaires, la libération concomitante de grands volumes d'eau de fonte et l'évolution rapide des reliefs terrestres. Les études paraglaciaires ont montré que la décharge sédimentaire décroissait avec le temps, selon une courbe de relaxation. Cette étude interroge les effets d'échelle sur les rythmes de la déglaciation et de la libération sédimentaire dans un petit bassin-versant. Il apparaît que la séquence paraglaciaire, considérée comme une crise morphogénique, peut être sujette à des crises internes capables de mobiliser ponctuellement de grandes quantités de sédiments. Ceci signifie qu'à grande échelle le profil de la courbe de relaxation est plus irrégulier que ce que suggèrent les modèles d'échelle plus petite.
Asymétrie topographique et morphogénétique dans le sud du Massif central (France) (Topographie and morphogenetic asymmetrv of the Southern Massif Central, France)
Authors: Giusti Christian
Published: December 2014

Since the rifting event that occurred during Oligocene to Aquitanian times, landscape development in the southern Massif Central (France) has been driven by lithospheric processes, rather than forced by climatic or eustatic controls. Topography rose in several stages, with a record of accelerated uplift and incision from the Late Miocene onward. However, many unanswered questions still remain, particularly in relation to the endogenous causes of plateau uplift.
Copper-promoted hydration and annulation of 2-fluorophenylacetylene derivatives: from alkynes to benzo[b]furans and benzo[b]thiophenes
Authors: Li Yibiao , Cheng Liang , Liu Xiaohang , Li Bin , Sun Ning
Published: December 2014

An efficient copper-promoted hydration reaction and its application in the synthesis of benzo[b]furan and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives is presented starting from readily available 2-fluorophenylacetylene derivatives. The key annulation step involves the hydration of the C–F bond of 2-fluorophenylacetylene derivatives followed by an intramolecular annulation to afford benzo[b]furan and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. Moreover, structurally important 2,2'-bisbenzofuran scaffolds are provided in good yields.
Cuentas fallidas, deudas omnipresentes. Los difíciles comienzos del mercado del libro novohispano
Authors: Jiménez Nora E.
Published: December 2014

Este artículo analiza algunos episodios tocantes a la actividad de los primeros impresores y comerciantes de libros en Nueva España, en el siglo XVI. En contra de la optimista imagen de los inicios que suele privar en la bibliografía, se ven aquí las dificultades que los primeros impresores y comerciantes enfrentaron en el desarrollo de sus actividades, dificultades entre las que destacan, con particular persistencia, las de tipo financiero y el endeudamiento. Este último parece ser una condición ineludible en el ambiente de negocios de esa época.
La rebelión indígena de 1693: desnaturalización, violencia y comercio en la frontera de Chile
Authors: Alioto Sebastián Leandro
Published: December 2014

En 1693, una rebelión indígena puso en vilo a la estructura colonial hispana en el centro-sur chileno. En este artículo se examinan los motivos que impulsaron a los indios y que eran al menos dos: el principal, las recurrentes desnaturalizaciones dispuestas por el gobernador Tomás Marín de Poveda; el segundo, la monopolización del comercio fronterizo en manos del gobernador y sus dependientes, que generó perjuicio y descontento tanto a los nativos como a los comerciantes españoles.
Tejidos y cerámica de China en la gobernación de Tucumán y Buenos Aires, siglo XVIII. Apuntes sobre su circulación y consumo
Authors: Bonialian Mariano
Published: December 2014

El ensayo explora el comercio asiático y el consumo de su tejido y cerámica en la gobernación de Tucumán y Buenos Aires en el siglo XVIII. Se analiza el «boom» de los tejidos chinos que ingresaron por Lima hacia el espacio austral entre 1700 y 1740. Por otra parte, se explica el ingreso de loza china por el puerto de Buenos Aires en la segunda mitad del siglo. Finalmente, se reconocen dos oleadas culturales en la región: una primera tendiente a la «europeización» de artículos chinos; y una segunda que implicó la «orientalización » de los productos europeos.
Imaginarios y chilenización: los agentes fiscales chilenos y su visión del espacio y la población andina de la provincia de Tarapacá, norte de Chile 1880-1918
Authors: Castro Castro Luis
Published: December 2014

En la década de 1880 el estado chileno incorpora a su soberanía la provincia de Tarapacá, desatando un complejo proceso denominado chilenización. En este contexto, los agentes fiscales chilenos comenzaron a desplegar dispositivos políticos, económicos y culturales enfocados en asentar con rapidez la nueva administración, como el hacer de este territorio y su población parte integral de la nación chilena. Bajo estos términos, en este artículo se describen y analizan los imaginarios que construyeron estos agentes sobre el espacio y la población andina de la provincia de Tarapacá entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX.
La pericia médico legal como forma de producir la verdad y sus adversarios en los tribunales brasileños de entreguerras
Authors: Ferla Luis
Published: December 2014

La pericia médico legal confería impacto social a las tesis de la criminología positivista de orientación biodeterminista que ejerció gran influencia en el Brasil de entreguerras. Esa pericia transformaba los conocimientos especializados, o sea, los saberes científicos, en documentos aceptables y eficientes, inteligibles y utilizables. Disciplinaba las relaciones entre derecho y medicina y acababa viabilizando el poder de juzgar. Pero en ese recorrido debía afirmarse contras otras tradiciones y saberes. Sus principales «adversarios» eran: el conocimiento policial producido por constreñimiento del sospechoso del crimen, principalmente a través de tortura; las decisiones tomadas por el tribunal del jurado y la producción de pruebas a partir de las declaraciones de los testigos; y el saber del propio individuo delincuente. Todas estas otras formas de «producir la verdad» tenían en común el hecho de originarse en el mundo indocto, extra científico, lo que acabó constituyendo el principal argumento de los médicos legistas contra ellas. Las reflexiones a continuación se ocupan de las disputas por las prerrogativas en producir la verdad en los espacios institucionales dedicados a combatir el acto antisocial y tratan de demostrar las estrategias del discurso médico-científico para imponerse a las formas legas que con él convivían en esos ambientes.
De plantas y hombres: cómo los genetistas se vincularon a la eugenesia en Brasil (un estudio de caso, 1929-1938)
Authors: Arantes Botelho Briglia Habib Paula , Wegner Robert
Published: December 2014

En el presente artículo pretendemos reflexionar sobre la trayectoria de Octávio Domingues (1897-1972) y Salvador Toledo Piza Jr. (1898-1988), dos genetistas de una escuela agrícola del Estado de São Paulo que se vincularon al principal propagador de la eugenesia en Brasil, Renato Kehl (1889-1974). Ese acercamiento se concretó en su asociación alrededor de la publicación del Boletim de Eugenia, importante vehículo de divulgación del movimiento eugenésico entre los años 1929 y 1933. A partir del análisis de esa publicación periódica, ha sido posible detectar que, aunque los dos partían de la teoría mendeliana de la herencia, Toledo Piza Jr. consideraba el mestizaje de la población brasileña como algo que iba en contra de la naturaleza, mientras que Octávio Domingues la juzgaba saludable.
El huevo de la serpiente al sur del mundo: desarrollo y supervivencia de la ciencia nazi en Chile (1908 -1951)
Authors: Leyton César , Sánchez Delgado Marcelo
Published: December 2014

El trabajo aborda, principalmente a partir de la figura del Dr. Max Westenhoffer y de un trabajo de los Drs. Barrientos y Schirmer de 1937, las conexiones que presenta el desarrollo de la medicina y la antropología en Chile con el pensamiento determinista biológico y racista en Europa. Médicos y antropólogos chilenos como Otto Aichel, Aureliano Oyarzún, Edgardo Schirmer y Juvenal Barrientos dan cuenta de la relación directa de una parte del programa científico chileno de la primera mitad del siglo XX con el programa hereditarista y racista, que alcanzó su punto cúlmine con la eugenesia y la antropología nazi.
Esferas: una aproximación a la cosmología renacentista en Chile colonial
Authors: Iommi Echeverría Virginia , Uribe Martínez Ignacio
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo analiza algunas características del pensamiento cosmológico en Chile colonial a partir del estudio comparado de dos tipos de fuentes: las anotaciones marginales a ejemplares en la materia, conservados en la Biblioteca Americana de José Toribio Medina perteneciente a la Biblioteca Nacional de Chile; y la única obra publicada al respecto por un autor local, la Noticia General de las cosas del mundo por el orden de su colocación de Fray Sebastián Díaz. Se concluye que las principales características de la idea de cosmos para el Renacimiento europeo se proyectan en el medio intelectual colonial hasta mediados del siglo XVIII, destacando especialmente la defensa del modelo geocéntrico contra el copernicanismo y la noción de globo terráqueo.
The Prevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in ABO Blood Groups and Rh Type System
Authors: Nigam Jitendra Singh , Singh Savitri , Kaur Viplesh , Giri Sumit , Kaushal Ravi Prakash
Published: December 2014

Screening of blood and blood products is important to reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). The transfusion of unscreened or inadequately screened blood and blood products are the major source of TTIs. The aim of this paper is to find out the prevalence of TTIs in ABO blood groups and Rh type system. A total of 4128 blood donors were screened from January 2010 to April 2014. Serological tests were performed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti hepatitis C virus (Anti-HCV), anti HIV-1 and 2, venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL) and malaria parasite (MP) antigen. In seroreactive donors, HBsAg, Anti-HCV, VDRL, MP antigen and anti HIV were positive in 40 cases, 26 cases, 19 cases, 6 cases and 2 cases, respectively. Highest percentage of HBsAg, Anti HCV, VDRL, MP antigen and anti HIV was observed in blood group A negative (2/50), O negative (1/66), B negative (1/91), AB positive (2/377) blood group respectively. In the present study, the total number of Rh-negative donors is lower when compared to Rh-positive blood donors, but Rh-negative blood donors show higher percentages of seroreactivity for TTIs. Larger scale studies at molecular level are required to improve the knowledge of this aspect.
Calvin’s inspiring theological workshops
Authors: Inniger Matthias G.
Published: December 2014

No abstract available.
Trial Prospector: Matching Patients with Cancer Research Studies Using an Automated and Scalable Approach
Authors: Sahoo Satya S. , Tao Shiqiang , Parchman Andrew , Luo Zhihui , Cui Licong , Mergler Patrick , Lanese Robert , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Meropol Neal J. , Zhang Guo-Qiang
Published: December 2014

Cancer is responsible for approximately 7.6 million deaths per year worldwide. A 2012 survey in the United Kingdom found dramatic improvement in survival rates for childhood cancer because of increased participation in clinical trials. Unfortunately, overall patient participation in cancer clinical studies is low. A key logistical barrier to patient and physician participation is the time required for identification of appropriate clinical trials for individual patients. We introduce the Trial Prospector tool that supports end-to-end management of cancer clinical trial recruitment workflow with (a) structured entry of trial eligibility criteria, (b) automated extraction of patient data from multiple sources, (c) a scalable matching algorithm, and (d) interactive user interface (UI) for physicians with both matching results and a detailed explanation of causes for ineligibility of available trials. We report the results from deployment of Trial Prospector at the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (Case CCC) with 1,367 clinical trial eligibility evaluations performed with 100% accuracy.
Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: An Overview
Authors: Elyamany Ghaleb , Alzahrani Ali Mattar , Bukhary Eman
Published: December 2014

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with malignant disease. Emerging data have enhanced our understanding of cancer-associated thrombosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. In addition to VTE, arterial occlusion with stroke and anginal symptoms is relatively common among cancer patients, and is possibly related to genetic predisposition. Several risk factors for developing venous thrombosis usually coexist in cancer patients including surgery, hospital admissions and immobilization, the presence of an indwelling central catheter, chemotherapy, use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and new molecular-targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic agents. Effective prophylaxis and treatment of VTE reduced morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is preferred as an effective and safe means for prophylaxis and treatment of VTE. It has largely replaced unfractionated heparin (UFH) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Recently, the development of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that directly inhibit factor Xa or thrombin is a milestone achievement in the prevention and treatment of VTE. This review will focus on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated thrombosis, risk factors, and new predictive biomarkers for VTE as well as discuss novel prevention and management regimens of VTE in cancer according to published guidelines.
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Habitat Preferences in South Texas, USA
Authors: Champion Samantha R. , Vitek Christopher J.
Published: December 2014

The South Texas region has a historical record of occasional dengue outbreaks. The recent introduction of chikungunya virus to the Caribbean suggests that this disease may be a concern as well. Six different cities and three field habitat types (residential, tire shops, and cemeteries) were examined for evidence of habitat and longitudinal preference of two vector species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. A. aegypti was more prevalent in tire shop sites, while A. albopictus was more prevalent in cemetery sites. In residential sites, the relative abundance of the two species varied with longitude, with A. albopictus being more abundant near the coast, and A. aegypti being more abundant inland. There was also a temporal variation, with A. aegypti declining in frequency over time in residential sites. These results have implications for control strategies and disease risk and suggest a greater need for increased surveillance and research in the region.
Interaction of ice sheets and climate during the past 800 000 years
Authors: Stap L. B. , van de Wal R. S. W. , de Boer B. , Bintanja R. , Lourens L. J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. During the Cenozoic, land ice and climate interacted on many different timescales. On long timescales, the effect of land ice on global climate and sea level is mainly set by large ice sheets in North America, Eurasia, Greenland and Antarctica. The climatic forcing of these ice sheets is largely determined by the meridional temperature profile resulting from radiation and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. As a response, the ice sheets cause an increase in albedo and surface elevation, which operates as a feedback in the climate system. To quantify the importance of these climate–land ice processes, a zonally averaged energy balance climate model is coupled to five one-dimensional ice sheet models, representing the major ice sheets. In this study, we focus on the transient simulation of the past 800 000 years, where a high-confidence CO2 record from ice core samples is used as input in combination with Milankovitch radiation changes. We obtain simulations of atmospheric temperature, ice volume and sea level that are in good agreement with recent proxy-data reconstructions. We examine long-term climate–ice-sheet interactions by a comparison of simulations with uncoupled and coupled ice sheets. We show that these interactions amplify global temperature anomalies by up to a factor of 2.6, and that they increase polar amplification by 94%. We demonstrate that, on these long timescales, the ice-albedo feedback has a larger and more global influence on the meridional atmospheric temperature profile than the surface-height-temperature feedback. Furthermore, we assess the influence of CO2 and insolation by performing runs with one or both of these variables held constant. We find that atmospheric temperature is controlled by a complex interaction of CO2 and insolation, and both variables serve as thresholds for northern hemispheric glaciation.
Developing fragility functions for the areas affected by the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Gokon H. , Koshimura S. , Imai K. , Matsuoka M. , Namegaya Y. , Nishimura Y.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Fragility functions in terms of flow depth, flow velocity and hydrodynamic force are developed to evaluate structural vulnerability in the areas affected by the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami. First, numerical simulations of tsunami propagation and inundation are conducted to reproduce the features of tsunami inundation. To validate the results, flow depths measured in field surveys and waveforms measured by Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) gauges are utilized. Next, building damage is investigated by visually interpreting changes between pre- and post-tsunami high-resolution satellite images. Finally, the data related to tsunami features and building damage are integrated using Geographic Information System (GIS), and tsunami fragility functions are developed based on the statistical analyses. From the developed fragility functions, we quantitatively understood the vulnerability of a coastal region in American Samoa characterized by steep terrains and ria coasts.