bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain neural patterns and the memory function of sleep
Authors: Girardeau Gabrielle , Lopes-dos-Santos Vítor
Published: October 2021

Sleep is crucial for healthy cognition, including memory. The two main phases of sleep, REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM sleep, are associated with characteristic electrophysiological patterns that are recorded using surface and intracranial electrodes. These patterns include sharp-wave ripples, cortical slow oscillations, delta waves, and spindles during non-REM sleep and theta oscillations during REM sleep. They reflect the precisely timed activity of underlying neural circuits. Here, we review how these electrical signatures have been guiding our understanding of the circuits and processes sustaining memory consolidation during sleep, focusing on hippocampal theta oscillations and sharp-wave ripples and how they coordinate with cortical patterns. Finally, we highlight how these brain patterns could also sustain sleep-dependent homeostatic processes and evoke several potential future directions for research on the memory function of sleep.
Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates from Mucosal and Disseminated Gonococcal Infections
Authors: Jen Freda E.-C. , Atack John M. , Edwards Jennifer L. , Jennings Michael P.
Published: October 2021

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.
N. gonorrhoeae
has progressively developed resistance to all currently prescribed antibiotics, and no vaccine is available. Here, we report the closed, completed, annotated genome sequences for seven
N. gonorrhoeae
strains obtained by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) long-read genome sequencing.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes Strain 591, Belonging to the Genotype
emm
49
Authors: Patenge Nadja , Rückert Christian , Bull Jana , Strey Kevin , Kalinowski Joern , Kreikemeyer Bernd
Published: October 2021

Streptococcus pyogenes
strain 591 is a clinical isolate belonging to the genotype
emm
49. It has been intensively studied for its pathogenicity traits. In this study, the complete genome of strain 591 was sequenced. It consists of a chromosome of 1,762,765 bp with a G+C content of 38.5%.
Characteristics of Immediate-Early 2 (IE2) and UL84 Proteins in UL84-Independent Strains of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
Authors: Manska Salome , Rossetto Cyprian C.
Published: October 2021

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals and is also the leading viral cause of congenital birth defects. After initial infection, HCMV establishes a lifelong latent infection with periodic reactivation and lytic replication.
Metastatic parathyroid cancer: a rare cause of hypercalcaemia
Authors: Karunaratne Dilhara , Owens Emma , Kirkland Paul , Zainab Al Shiekh Ali , Howlett David
Published: October 2021

A 45-year-old man presenting with abdominal pain was found to have severe hypercalcaemia with elevated parathyroid hormone. Investigations revealed a parathyroid mass and bone metastases consistent with metastatic parathyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent parathyroidectomy, with histology confirming a right inferior parathyroid carcinoma. His postoperative management was complicated by severe hypercalcaemia refractory to medical therapy, owing to the metastases continuing to produce parathyroid hormone. Despite palliative radiotherapy to the metastases, the patient died within 3 months from end-organ failure related to hypercalcaemia.
Rare case of pseudobulbar palsy: subopercular syndrome
Authors: Soe Thet Thet , Chattha Navraj , Mahmood Afzal
Published: October 2021

We present a case of a 73-year-old man who developed sudden onset dysarthria, dysphagia and bilateral facial weakness with automato-voluntary dissociation, which deteriorated rapidly to anarthria and aphonia within a few days. MRI scan of the head showed acute infarct in right internal capsule and an old infarct in the left corona radiata while the rest of the investigations were normal. Based on these findings, diagnosis was thought to be subopercular syndrome. He recovered significantly in a few weeks’ time.
Organising pneumonia manifesting as a late-phase complication of COVID-19
Authors: Ng Boon Hau , Ban Andrea Yu-Lin , Nik Abeed Nik Nuratiqah , Faisal Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Acute COVID-19 usually lasts 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. We report two cases of COVID-19-associated organising pneumonia (OP) occurring beyond 4 weeks from the acute onset of symptoms. Both tested positive for SARS reverse transcription–PCR 2 months before presentation with a resolution of respiratory symptoms. The first case presented with residual fatigue and worsening exertional dyspnoea. Chest CT revealed an OP pattern. The second case presented with worsening cough and new-onset pleuritic chest pain with persistent radiological consolidation. A transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed OP. Both patients responded well to 12 weeks of steroid therapy. This case illustrates the rare presentation of OP as a late sequela of COVID-19 and the good response to steroid therapy.
Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity
Authors: Lee Siang Ing , Eastwood Kelly-Ann , Moss Ngawai , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Anand Astha , Taylor Beck , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Yau Christopher , McCowan Colin , O"Reilly Dermot , Hope Holly , Kennedy Jonathan Ian , Abel Kathryn Mary , Locock Louise , Brocklehurst Peter , Plachcinski Rachel , Brophy Sinead , Agrawal Utkarsh , Thangaratinam Shakila , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Black Mairead
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Increasingly more pregnant women are living with pre-existing multimorbidity (≥two long-term physical or mental health conditions). This may adversely affect maternal and offspring outcomes. This study aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for maternal and offspring outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity. It is intended for use in observational and interventional studies in all pregnancy settings.

Methods and analysis

We propose a four stage study design: (1) systematic literature search, (2) focus groups, (3) Delphi surveys and (4) consensus group meeting. The study will be conducted from June 2021 to August 2022. First, an initial list of outcomes will be identified through a systematic literature search of reported outcomes in studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity. We will search the Cochrane library, Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL. This will be supplemented with relevant outcomes from published COS for pregnancies and childbirth in general, and multimorbidity. Second, focus groups will be conducted among (1) women with lived experience of managing pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnancy (and/or their partners) and (2) their healthcare/social care professionals to identify outcomes important to them. Third, these initial lists of outcomes will be prioritised through a three-round online Delphi survey using predefined score criteria for consensus. Participants will be invited to suggest additional outcomes that were not included in the initial list. Finally, a consensus meeting using the nominal group technique will be held to agree on the final COS. The stakeholders will include (1) women (and/or their partners) with lived experience of managing multimorbidity in pregnancy, (2) healthcare/social care professionals involved in their care and (3) researchers in this field.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the University of Birmingham’s ethical review committee. The final COS will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conferences and to all stakeholders.
Youth in a pandemic: a longitudinal examination of youth mental health and substance use concerns during COVID-19
Authors: Hawke Lisa D , Szatmari Peter , Cleverley Kristin , Courtney Darren , Cheung Amy , Voineskos Aristotle N , Henderson Joanna
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study analyses longitudinal data to understand how youth mental health and substance use are evolving over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is critical to adjusting mental health response strategies.

Setting

Participants were recruited from among existing participants in studies conducted in an urban academic hospital in Ontario, Canada.

Participants

A total of 619 youth aged 14–28 years participated in the study (62.7% girls/young women; 61.4% Caucasian).

Measures

Data on mood, substance use and COVID-19-related worries were collected over four time points, that is, every 2 months beginning in the early stages of the pandemic in April 2020. Latent class analyses were conducted on the longitudinal data to identify distinct groups of youth who have different trajectory profiles of pandemic impact on their mood, substance use and COVID-19-related worries.

Results

For the majority of participants, mood concerns increased early in the pandemic, declined over Canada’s summer months and subsequently increased in autumn. Among the youth with the highest level of mood symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic, increases in mental health concerns were sustained. Substance use remained relatively stable over the course of the pandemic. COVID-19-related worries, however, followed a trajectory similar to that of mood symptoms. Girls/young women, youth living in urban or suburban areas, in larger households, and with poorer baseline mental and physical health are the most vulnerable to mental health concerns and worries during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Youth mental health symptom levels and concerns are evolving over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, in line with the evolution of the pandemic itself, and longitudinal monitoring is therefore required. It is also essential that we engage directly with youth to cocreate pandemic response strategies and mental health service adaptations to best meet the needs of young people.
BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in healthcare workers: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (BRACE trial)
Authors: Pittet Laure F , Messina Nicole L , Gardiner Kaya , Orsini Francesca , Abruzzo Veronica , Bannister Samantha , Bonten Marc , Campbell John L , Croda Julio , Dalcolmo Margareth , Elia Sonja , Germano Susie , Goodall Casey , Gwee Amanda , Jamieson Tenaya , Jardim Bruno , Kollmann Tobias R , Guimarães Lacerda Marcus Vinícius , Lee Katherine J , Legge Donna , Lucas Michaela , Lynn David J , McDonald Ellie , Manning Laurens , Munns Craig F , Perrett Kirsten P , Prat Aymerich Cristina , Richmond Peter , Shann Frank , Sudbury Eva , Villanueva Paola , Wood Nicholas J , Lieschke Katherine , Subbarao Kanta , Davidson Andrew , Curtis Nigel
Published: October 2021

Introduction

BCG vaccination modulates immune responses to unrelated pathogens. This off-target effect could reduce the impact of emerging pathogens. As a readily available, inexpensive intervention that has a well-established safety profile, BCG is a good candidate for protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) and other vulnerable groups against COVID-19.

Methods and analysis

This international multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial aims to determine if BCG vaccination reduces the incidence of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 at 6 months (co-primary outcomes) compared with no BCG vaccination. We plan to randomise 10 078 HCWs from Australia, The Netherlands, Spain, the UK and Brazil in a 1:1 ratio to BCG vaccination or no BCG (control group). The participants will be followed for 1 year with questionnaires and collection of blood samples. For any episode of illness, clinical details will be collected daily, and the participant will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary objectives are to determine if BCG vaccination reduces the rate, incidence, and severity of any febrile or respiratory illness (including SARS-CoV-2), as well as work absenteeism. The safety of BCG vaccination in HCWs will also be evaluated. Immunological analyses will assess changes in the immune system following vaccination, and identify factors associated with susceptibility to or protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other infections.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical and governance approval will be obtained from participating sites. Results will be published in peer-reviewed open-access journals. The final cleaned and locked database will be deposited in a data sharing repository archiving system.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT04327206
Intensive care with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rewarming in accident severe hypothermia (ICE-CRASH) study: a protocol for a multicentre prospective, observational study in Japan
Authors: Takauji Shuhei , Hayakawa Mineji
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Accidental hypothermia (AH) is a rare but critical disease, leading to death in severe cases. In recent decades, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successfully used to rewarm hypothermic patients with cardiac arrest or circulation instability. However, data on the efficacy of rewarming using ECMO for patients with AH are limited. Therefore, a large-scale, multicentre, prospective study is warranted. The primary objective of this study will be to clarify the effectiveness of rewarming using ECMO for patients with AH. Our secondary objectives will be to compare the incidence of adverse effects between ECMO rewarming and non-ECMO rewarming and to identify the most appropriate management of ECMO for AH.

Methods and analyses

The Intensive Care with ExtraCorporeal membrane oxygenation Rewarming in Accidentally Severe Hypothermia study is taking place in 35 tertiary emergency medical facilities in Japan. The inclusion criteria are patients ≥18 years old with a body temperature ≤32°C. We will include patients with AH who present to the emergency department from December 2019 to March 2022. The research personnel at each hospital will collect several variables, including patient demographics, rewarming method, ECMO data and complications. Our primary outcome is to compare the 28-day survival rate between the ECMO and non-ECMO (other treatments) groups among patients with severe AH. Our secondary outcomes are to compare the following values between the ECMO and non-ECMO groups: length of stay in the intensive-care unit and complications. Furthermore, in patients with cardiac arrest, the Cerebral Performance Category score at discharge will be compared between both groups.

Ethics and dissemination

This study received research ethics approval from Asahikawa Medical University (18194 and 19115). The study was approved by the institutional review board of each hospital, and the requirement for informed consent was waived due to the observational nature of the study.

Trial registration number

UMIN000036132.
Protocol of BRICS: Brazilian multicentric pragmatic randomised trial of surgical interventions for displaced diaphyseal clavicle fracture study: MIPO versus ORIF for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Mendes Jr. Adriano Fernando , Curado Rodrigo Fleury , Dias Jr. Jair Moreira , Mota Neto José Da , Carrazzone Oreste Lemos , Pagan Alexandre Rosa , Labronici Pedro José , Labronici Gustavo José , Goes Matheus Pires De Araújo , Mouraria Guilherme Grisi , Zogbi Daniel Romano , Brigatto Rafael Mulatti , Uehara Anderson , Parro Otávio Costa , Hisano Fernando Mitsuo , Teixeira Bruno De Souza , Silva Rafael Waldolato , Lazarini Rafael Fuchs , Godinho André Couto , Godinho Pedro Couto , França Flavio De Oliveira , Godinho Glaydson Gomes , Freitas José Marcio Alves , Mariosa Carlos Alberto Menezes , Souza Bruno Gonçalves Schröder e , De Oliveira Valdeci Manoel , De Simoni Leandro Furtado , Pereira Camila Corrêa , Antunes Filho Jurandir , Matsunaga Fabio Teruo , Belloti João Carlos , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Fractures of the diaphysis of the clavicle are common; however, treatment guidelines for this condition are lacking. Surgery is associated with a lower risk of non-union and better functional outcomes but a higher risk of complications. Open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws are the most commonly performed techniques, but they are associated with paraesthesia in the areas of incisions, extensive surgical exposure and high rates of implant removal. Minimally invasive techniques for treating these fractures have a lower rate of complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate which surgical treatment option (minimally invasive osteosynthesis or open reduction and internal fixation) has better prognosis in terms of complications and reoperations.

Methods and analysis

The study proposed is a multicentric, pragmatic, randomised, open-label, superiority clinical trial between minimally invasive osteosynthesis and open reduction and internal fixation for surgical treatment of patients with displaced fractures of the clavicle shaft. In the proposed study, 190 individuals with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, who require surgery as treatment, will be randomised. The assessment will occur at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome of the study will be the number of complications and reoperations. For sample size calculation, a moderate effective size between the techniques was considered in a two-tailed test, with 95% confidence and 90% power. Complications include cases of infection, hypertrophic scarring, non-union, refracture, implant failure, hypoesthesia, skin irritation and shoulder pain. Reoperations are defined as the number of surgeries for pseudoarthrosis, implant failure, infection and elective removal of the implant.

Ethics and dissemination

Study approved by the institutional ethics committee (number 34249120.9.0000.5505—V.3). The results will be disseminated by publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations in medical meetings.

Trial registration number

RBR-3czz68)/UTN U1111-1257-8953.
Study protocol: a pilot randomised waitlist-controlled trial of a dyadic mobile health intervention for black sexual-minority male couples with HIV in the USA
Authors: Kim Hyunjin Cindy , Pollack Lance M , Saberi Parya , Neilands Torsten B , Arnold Emily A , Bright Darius Jovon , Williams Robert W , Kegeles Susan M , Tan Judy Y
Published: October 2021

Introduction

HIV care engagement is lower among black sexual-minority men relative to other racial/ethnic groups of sexual-minority men. Being in a primary relationship is generally associated with more successful HIV care engagement across various populations. However, among black sexual-minority men, the association between primary relationship status and HIV-related outcomes is inconsistent across the HIV care continuum. Given the ubiquity of mobile technology access and use among racial/ethnic minority communities, leveraging mobile technology for HIV care engagement appears a promising intervention strategy. This paper outlines the protocol of the LetSync study, a pilot randomised controlled trial of a mobile health app intervention developed using the Framework of Dyadic HIV Care Engagement to improve care-engagement outcomes among black sexual-minority male couples living with HIV.

Methods and analysis

Eighty black sexual-minority men in couples (n=160) will be enrolled to pilot test the LetSync app. At least one member of each dyad must be both HIV-positive and self-identify as black/African-American. Couples will be randomised to either a waitlist-control arm or an intervention that uses relationship-based approach to improve HIV care engagement. We will assess feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures and intervention protocols based on predefined metrics of feasibility and acceptability. Execution of the study will yield the opportunity to conduct analyses to test the measurement and analysis protocol on antiretroviral therapy adherence by comparing the intervention and waitlist-control arms on self-reported and biological (hair sample) measures of adherence.

Ethics and dissemination

Study staff will obtain electronic consent from all participants. This study has been approved by the University of California (UCSF) Institutional Review Board. Study staff will work with the Community Advisory Board at the UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies Board to disseminate results to participants and the community via open discussions, presentations, journal publications and/or social media.

Trial registration number

NCT04951544.
Peptide vaccine targeting mutatedGNAS: a potential novel treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Flatmark Kjersti , Torgunrud Annette , Fleten Karianne G , Davidson Ben , Juul Hedvig V , Mensali Nadia , Lund-Andersen Christin , Inderberg Else Marit
Published: October 2021

Background

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare, slow-growing abdominal cancer with no efficacious treatment options in non-resectable and recurrent cases. Otherwise, rare activating mutations in theGNASoncogene are remarkably frequent in PMP and the mutated gene product, guanine nucleotide-binding protein α subunit (Gsα), is a potential tumor neoantigen, presenting an opportunity for targeting by a therapeutic cancer vaccine.

Methods

Tumor and blood samples were collected from 25 patients undergoing surgery for PMP (NCT02073500).GNASmutation analysis was performed by next-generation targeted sequencing or digital droplet PCR. Responses to stimulation with Gsα mutated (point mutations R201H and R201C) 30 mer peptides were analyzed in peripheral blood T cells derived from patients with PMP and healthy donors. Fresh PMP tumor samples were analyzed by mass cytometry using a panel of 35 extracellular markers, and cellular subpopulations were clustered and visualized using the visual stochastic network embedding analysis tool.

Results

GNASmutations were detected in 22/25 tumor samples (88%; R201H and R201C mutations detected in 16 and 6 cases, respectively). Strong T cell proliferation against Gsα mutated peptides was observed in 18/24 patients with PMP. Mass cytometry analysis of tumor revealed infiltration of CD3 +T cells in most samples, with variable CD4+:CD8 + ratios. A large proportion of T cells expressed immune checkpoint molecules, in particular programmed death receptor-1 and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM, indicating that these T cells were antigen experienced.

Conclusion

These findings point to the existence of a pre-existing immunity in patients with PMP towards mutated Gsα, which has been insufficient to control tumor growth, possibly because of inhibition of antitumor T cells by upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules. The results form a rationale for exploring peptide vaccination with Gsα peptides in combination with immune checkpoint inhibiton as a possible curative treatment for PMP and otherGNASmutated cancers.
Primary vulvar squamous cell carcinomas with high T cell infiltration and active immune signaling are potential candidates for neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy
Authors: Kortekaas Kim E , Santegoets Saskia J , Tas Liselotte , Ehsan Ilina , Charoentong Pornpimol , van Doorn Helena C , van Poelgeest Mariette I E , Mustafa Dana A M , van der Burg Sjoerd H
Published: October 2021

Background

A profound insight into the immune landscape of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is lacking. Here, an in-depth interrogation of T cell infiltration, local immune contexture, signaling pathways and checkpoint molecule expression was performed in early-stage and late-stage VSCC.

Methods

The type, location, and infiltration pattern of T cells were studied in 109 patients with primary VSCC FIGO stage I–III. RNA expression of genes involved in immune oncology and oncogenic signaling pathways was analyzed in 40 VSCC, matched for prognostic clinicopathological variables, analyzed for HPV and p53 status, and selected based on T cell infiltration.

Results

High intraepithelial infiltration with CD4 or CD8 T cells was associated with longer overall and recurrence-free survival and formed an independent prognostic factor, outperforming molecular subtype and stage of the disease. Strong T cell infiltrated VSCC displayed a coordinated immune response reflected by a positive association between T cells and different lymphocyte and myeloid cell subsets. The expression of genes involved in the migration of T cells and myeloid cells, T cell activation and costimulation, interferon (IFN)-γ signaling, cytotoxicity and apoptosis was higher than in low infiltrated tumors. An active immune signaling profile was observed in all inflamed, part of the altered-excluded and not in altered-immunosuppressed or deserted VSCC. While several checkpoint molecules were overexpressed, only PD-L1 expression displayed discriminatory ability and clinical usefulness. High PD-L1 expression was detected in all inflamed and ~60% of the altered-excluded VSCC.

Conclusion

An active immune signaling profile is present in 35% of primary FIGO I–III VSCCs, suggesting potential responsiveness to neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Predictors of incomplete aneurysm occlusion after treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device: PREMIER trial 1 year analysis
Authors: Hanel Ricardo A , Monteiro Andre , Nelson Peter K , Lopes Demetrius K , Kallmes David F
Published: October 2021

Background

Flow diverters have revolutionized the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Nevertheless, some aneurysms fail to occlude with flow diversion. The Prospective Study on Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms with the Pipeline Device (PREMIER) was a prospective, multicenter and single-arm trial of small and medium wide-necked unruptured aneurysms. In the current study, we evaluate the predictors of treatment failure in the PREMIER cohort.

Methods

We analyzed PREMIER patients who had incomplete occlusion (Raymond-Roy >1) at 1 year angiographic follow-up and compared them with those who achieved Raymond-Roy 1, aiming to identify predictors of treatment failure.

Results

25 aneurysms demonstrated incomplete occlusion at 1 year. There was a median reduction of 0.9 mm (IQR 0.41–2.43) in maximum diameter between pre-procedure and 1 year measurements, with no aneurysmal hemorrhage. Patients with incomplete occlusion were significantly older than those with complete occlusion (p=0.011). Smoking (p=0.045) and C6 segment location (p=0.005) were significantly associated with complete occlusion, while location at V4 (p=0.01) and C7 (p=0.007) and involvement of a side branch (p<0.001) were significantly associated with incomplete occlusion. In multivariable logistic regression, significant predictors of incomplete occlusion were non-smoker status (adjusted OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.11 to 18.09; p=0.03) and side branch involvement (adjusted OR 11.68, 95% CI 3.84 to 35.50; p<0.0001), while C6 location had reduced odds of incomplete occlusion (adjusted OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.84; p=0.02).

Conclusions

The results of our study are consistent with previous retrospective series and warrant consideration for technique adaptations to achieve higher occlusion rates. Further follow-up is needed to assess progression of aneurysm occlusion and clinical behavior in these cases.
Work functioning among young adults: the role of mental health problems from childhood to young adulthood
Authors: de Groot Samira , Veldman Karin , Amick III Benjamin C , Bültmann Ute
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Mental health problems (MHPs) during childhood and adolescence are negatively associated with having a paid job in young adulthood. Yet, little is known about how young adults function at work, that is, do they experience difficulties in meeting their job demands given their health state. This longitudinal study aims to examine the impact of MHPs from childhood to young adulthood on young adults’ work functioning (WF).

Methods

Data were used from 1004 participants in the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 18-year follow-up. MHP trajectories, including 11, 13.5, 16, 19, 22 and 26 age points, were identified using growth mixture models. WF was assessed at age 29 with the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire 2.0 (WRFQ). Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between MHP trajectories and WF.

Results

Young adults with high-stable trajectories of internalising and externalising problems reported lower WF (mean WRFQ scores of 70.5 and 70.7, respectively) than those with low-stable trajectories (78.4 and 77.2), that is, they experience difficulties in meeting the work demands for more than one work day per full-time work week. Young adults with moderate-stable or decreasing MHP trajectories reported lower WF scores compared with those with low-stable trajectories.

Conclusions

Both persistent high and elevated levels of MHPs from childhood to young adulthood are associated with lower WF scores in young adulthood compared with low-level MHPs. Occupational healthcare professionals should support young workers with a history of MHPs to optimise their work functioning.
Strain rate effect on static and dynamic behaviors of eastern Canada fine-grained soils
Authors: Abdellaziz Mustapha , Karray Mourad , Betegard Jeudy , Locat Pascal , Ledoux Catherine , Mompin Rémi , Chekired Mohamed
Published: October 2021

The assessment of the strain rate effect on the geotechnical properties of soils constitutes an important step toward a more accurate analysis of their response. This study presents the experimental results of monotonic and cyclic simple shear tests performed to examine the strain rate ([Formula: see text]) effect on the behavior of eastern Canada soils. Nine natural soils sampled from different locations in eastern Canada were used in this study. The tests were performed on a simple shear device using a strain-controlled mode. In addition to the obtained experimental results, published data in the literature were used to draw the conclusions of this study. Analysis of the data indicates that the undrained shear strength (τf) increases proportionally with the strain rate by approximately 6%–17% per log cycle of [Formula: see text]. The results also show that the secant shear modulus G increases with the strain rate, especially at large strain amplitudes. Moreover, the analysis of the data revealed that the extent of the strain rate effect seems to be correlated with the shear strain amplitude (γc) and plasticity index (Ip). A practical application of the outcomes on the backbone curves is given, illustrating the influence of Ipand γcon the effect of strain rate.
Early performance of several Prunus interspecific hybrid rootstocks for Redhaven peach in southern Ontario
Authors: Cline J.A. , Bakker C.J.
Published: October 2021

A multi-year orchard experiment was established to measure the performance of Rootpac®-R, Rootpac®-20, Rootpac®-40, and Rootpac®-70 rootstocks using ‘Redhaven’ peach (Prunus persica var. persica) as the scion, compared with the ‘Bailey’ peach seedling rootstock, the current industry standard. Tree survival after five years was 79% on Rootpac-40, whereas the remaining rootstocks showed no tree mortality. Tree vigour and canopy height and width were influenced by rootstock genotype beginning the year of planting in 2016. For the first five years of production, Rootpac-70 consistently produced the largest trees based on truck cross-sectional area (TCSA) and by year five, all rootstocks produced trees with similar TCSAs, except for Rootpac-70, which was 38% larger than Bailey. By year five, cumulative yields were greatest on Rootpac-70, which were 10% higher than Bailey; cumulative yields of Rootpac-R, Rootpac-20, and Rootpac-30 were 98%, 89%, and 84% that of Bailey, respectively. Cumulative yield efficiency was significantly influenced by rootstock although the magnitude of the differences was small and likely of insignificant commercial importance. Rootpac-40 consistently produced the largest fruit. These results are only reflective of the orchard establishment years and additional data are required before peach producers can make fully informed decisions concerning the rootstocks evaluated in this study for their orchard systems. However, at this juncture, all the Rootpac rootstocks evaluated in this study are likely to impart excessive vigour to be used in a higher density system and offer little advantage over Bailey.
Susceptible-Infectious-Critical-Recovered rumor spreading model in social networks
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Qiu Liqing , Tan Kun , Cui Junwei
Published: October 2021

As an important area of social networks, rumor spread has attracted the attention of many scholars. It aims to explore the rumor propagation, and to propose effective measures to curb the further spread of rumors. Different from some existing works, this paper believes that susceptible persons affected by rumor-refuting information will first enter the critical state, while ones who related to rumors will directly turn into the spread state. Therefore, this paper proposes a Susceptible-Infectious-Critical-Recovered (SICR) rumor model. In addition, considering that infectious persons with high levels of refuting rumors may cause emotional resonance among individuals, this model adds a connecting edge from the recovered to the infectious who are triggered by the information of refuting the rumors. First, the basic regeneration number [Formula: see text] is obtained by using the next generation matrix method. Then, the global stability of the rumor-free equilibrium [Formula: see text] and the persistence of rumor propagation are proved in detail in theoretical analysis. The simulation results show that the existence of a critical state can reduce the influence of rumors. Rumor refutation mechanism, as soon as possible to curb the spread of rumors, is an effective measure.
Modified general relativity and quantum theory in curved spacetime
Authors: Nash Gary
Published: October 2021

With appropriate modifications, the multi-spin Klein–Gordon (KG) equation of quantum field theory can be adapted to curved space–time for spins 0, 1, 1/2. The associated particles in the microworld then move as a wave at all space–time coordinates. From the existence in a Lorentzian space–time of a line element field [Formula: see text], the spin-1 KG equation [Formula: see text] is derived from an action functional involving [Formula: see text] and its covariant derivative. The spin-0 KG equation and the KG equation of the outer product of a spin-1/2 Dirac spinor and its Hermitian conjugate are then constructed. Thus, [Formula: see text] acts as a fundamental quantum vector field. The symmetric part of the spin-1 KG equation, [Formula: see text], is the Lie derivative of the metric. That links the multi-spin KG equation to Modified General Relativity (MGR) through its energy–momentum tensor of the gravitational field. From the invariance of the action functionals under the diffeomorphism group Diff(M), which is not restricted to the Lorentz group, [Formula: see text] can instantaneously transmit information along [Formula: see text]. That establishes the concept of entanglement within a Lorentzian formalism. The respective local/nonlocal characteristics of MGR and quantum theory no longer present an insurmountable problem to unify the theories.
An Effective Reconstruction Method of the APT Attack Based on Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Huang Yonghui , Sun Yi , Lin Kaixiang , Xie Bowen , Fan Jiayang , Ma Yan
Published: October 2021

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a multi-stage and multi-step attack process. The reconstruction of the APT attack scene can start with discrete stage attack detection. However, due to the strong characteristic of concealment of APT attacks, some discrete events in the attack scenarios may not be detected. Therefore, to reconstruct the APT attack scene, we need to mine the hidden attack events according to the APT attack target and the detected discrete attack events, describe the action sequence according to the time sequence or the conditions reached by the attack, and finally reconstruct the attack path. In this paper, we depend on the EP-IKC attack cooperation model, we take the total target of APT attack as the pyramid vertex, and the alerted network entities and potential attacked entities related to the vertex as the facet nodes, this paper introduces the hidden Markov model (HMM), and uses the methods of data association and advanced probability theory to mine the hidden APT attack stages, Finally, the detection of APT attack process and the reconstruction of attack scene are realized.
Machine Learning Techniques for Identifying Fetal Risk During Pregnancy
Authors: Ravikumar S. , Kannan E.
Published: October 2021

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a biophysical method for assessing fetal condition that primarily relies on the recording and automated analysis of fetal heart activity. The quantitative description of the CTG signals is provided by computerized fetal monitoring systems. Even though effective conclusion generation methods for decision process support are still required to find out the fetal risk such as premature embryo, this proposed method and outcome data can confirm the assessment of the fetal state after birth. Low birth weight is quite possibly the main attribute that significantly depicts an unusual fetal result. These expectations are assessed in a constant experimental decision support system, providing valuable information that can be used to obtain additional information about the fetal state using machine learning techniques. The advancements in modern obstetric practice enabled the use of numerous reliable and robust machine learning approaches in classifying fetal heart rate signals. The Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier, support vector machine (SVM), decision trees (DT), and random forest (RF) are used in the proposed method. To assess these outcomes in the proposed method, some of the metrics such as precision, accuracy, F1 score, recall, sensitivity, logarithmic loss and mean absolute error have been taken. The above mentioned metrics will be helpful to predict the fetal risk.
XFEM Analyses Using Two-Dimensional Quadrilateral Elements Enriched with Only the Heaviside Step Function
Authors: Nagashima Toshio , Wang Chenyu
Published: October 2021

In the framework of the extended finite element method, a two-dimensional four-node quadrilateral element enriched with only the Heaviside step function is formulated for stationary and propagating crack analyses. In the proposed method, two types of signed distance functions are used to implicitly express crack geometry, and finite elements, which interact with the crack, are appropriately partitioned according to the level set values and are then integrated numerically for derivation of the stiffness matrix and internal force vectors. The proposed method was verified by evaluating stress intensity factors, performing crack propagation analyses and comparing the obtained results with reference solutions.
Representing squares by cubic forms
Authors: Hu Liqun
Published: October 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be an arbitrary cubic form. In this paper, we show that for non-homogeneous cubic equations like [Formula: see text], there exists a non-trivial solution when [Formula: see text].
Artificial intelligence to link environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) with bone diseases
Authors: Al-Utaibi Khaled A. , Idrees M. , Sohail Ayesha , Arif Fatima , Nutini Alessandro , Sait Sadiq M.
Published: October 2021

Our endocrine system is not only complex, but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors, extreme weather situation, and other geographical factors. The endocrine disruptions are associated with the bone diseases. Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease. It affects women and men of all races and ethnic groups, causing bone weakness and the risk of fractures. Environmental stresses are referred to physical, chemical, and biological factors that can impact species productivity. This research aims to examine the impact of environmental stresses on bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass (LBM) in the United States (US). For this purpose, we use an artificial neural network model to evaluate the correlation between the data. A multilayer neural network model is constructed using the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm, and its performance is evaluated by mean absolute error and coefficient of correlation. The data of osteoporosis and LBM cases in the US are divided into three groups, including gender group, age group, and race/ethnicity group. Each group shows a positive correlation with environmental stresses and thus the endocrinology.
Understanding the Binding Mode of Losartan Upon GPVI via a Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Zheng Zhichao , Jin Jing , Liu Lei , Meng Xiaoyan , Li Lingjun , Wei Qunchao , Meng Fancui
Published: October 2021

Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays an important role in platelet aggregation, and inhibition of GPVI may block thrombosis with a low bleeding risk, thus making GPVI a promising antithrombotic target. In this paper, the binding mode of losartan, a known GPVI inhibitor, was investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods as well. Docking results can determine the location site of the phenyl tetrazole group of losartan, but the direction of the two substitute groups on imidazole ring is uncertain. Therefore, two sample conformations were selected, and long-time molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. The rotatable bond of C–N connecting the imidazole ring and the middle benzene ring was monitored during the simulation. The results showed that this dihedral angle is mostly distributed at about [Formula: see text] for both systems, implying that this conformation is the dominant conformation. The switchable conformation may be the reason for low activity of losartan to GPVI. Losartan1 system was well equilibrated and selected as the receptor to perform drug repurposing screening, and several drugs with a similar binding mode as losartan were identified. Our study may enhance the mechanism understanding of GPVI receptor, giving insights into the design and discovery of novel GPVI inhibitors.
Rapid geomorphological and sedimentological changes at a modern Alpine ice margin: lessons from the Gepatsch Glacier, Tirol, Austria
Authors: Le Heron Daniel Paul , Kettler Christoph , Davies Bethan J. , Scharfenberg Lars , Eder Lukas , Ketterman Michael , Griesmeier Gerit E.U. , Quinn Rhiannon , Chen Xiaoshuai , Vandyk Thomas , Busfield Marie E.
Published: October 2021

The Gepatsch Glacier in Tirol (Austria) is a rapidly retreating valley glacier whose host valley and forefield reveal subglacial, proglacial, and reworked sediment–landform assemblages. Structures include roches moutonées develop on gneiss, compound bedrock-sediment bedforms (crag and tail structures), flutes, and small diamicton ridges. The glacial sediments and landforms are undergoing incision and terrace development by meltwater streams. Glacial geomorphological and surface geological maps, in concert with elevation models of difference between July 2019 and July 2020 highlight considerable changes to the forefield over a 12-month time period. Till exposed within the last 20 years has undergone substantial mass wasting and re-deposition as subaerial mass flows, or reworked into stream deposits. The lee sides of many roches moutonées completely lack subglacial sediment, and instead contain a sand and gravel deposit interpreted to result from glaciofluvial deposition. Thus, insights into the rates of erosion and deposition in a complex, proglacial setting, allow some of these processes to be quantified for the first time. Repeated monitoring of glacier forefields is expected to yield a better understanding of the preservation potential of proglacial sedimentary facies, and hence their preservation potential in Earth's sedimentary record.

Supplementary material:
A comparison of 3D model parameters for 2019 and 2020 data is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5664299
Multi-Tier Stack of Block Chain with Proxy Re-Encryption Method Scheme on the Internet of Things Platform
Authors: Rawal Bharat S. , M. Poongodi , Manogaran Gunasekaran , Hamdi Mounir
Published: October 2021

Block chain provides an innovative solution to information storage, transaction execution, security, and trust building in an open environment. The block chain is technological progress for cyber security and cryptography, with efficiency-related cases varying in smart grids, smart contracts, over the IoT, etc. The movement to exchange data on a server has massively increased with the introduction of the Internet of Things. Hence, in this research, Splitting of proxy re-encryption method (Split-PRE) has been suggested based on the IoT to improve security and privacy in a private block chain. This study proposes a block chain-based proxy re-encryption program to resolve both the trust and scalability problems and to simplify the transactions. After encryption, the system saves the Internet of Things data in a distributed cloud. The framework offers dynamic, smart contracts between the sensor and the device user without the intervention of a trustworthy third party to exchange the captured IoT data. It uses an efficient proxy re-encryption system, which provides the owner and the person existing in the smart contract to see the data. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed approach enhances the efficiency, security, privacy, and feasibility of the system when compared to other existing methods.
TRG-DAtt: The Target Relational Graph and Double Attention Network Based Sentiment Analysis and Prediction for Supporting Decision Making
Authors: Chen Fan , Xia Jiaoxiong , Gao Honghao , Xu Huahu , Wei Wei
Published: October 2021

The management of public opinion and the use of big data monitoring to accurately judge and verify all kinds of information are valuable aspects in the enterprise management decision-making process. The sentiment analysis of reviews is a key decision-making tool for e-commerce development. Most existing review sentiment analysis methods involve sequential modeling but do not focus on the semantic relationships. However, Chinese semantics are different from English semantics in terms of the sentence structure. Irrelevant contextual words may be incorrectly identified as cues for sentiment prediction. The influence of the target words in reviews must be considered. Thus, this paper proposes the TRG-DAtt model for sentiment analysis based on
target relational graph (TRG)
and
double attention network (DAtt)
to analyze the emotional information to support decision making. First, dependency tree-based TRG is introduced to independently and fully mine the semantic relationships. We redefine and constrain the dependency and use it as the edges to connect the target and context words. Second, we design
dependency graph attention network (DGAT)
and
interactive attention network (IAT)
to form the DAtt and obtain the emotional features of the target words and reviews. DGAT models the dependency of the TRG by aggregating the semantic information. Next, the target emotional enhancement features obtained by the DGAT are input to the IAT. The influence of each target word on the review can be obtained through the interaction. Finally, the target emotional enhancement features are weighted by the impact factor to generate the review's emotional features. In this study, extensive experiments were conducted on the car and Meituan review data sets, which contain consumer reviews on cars and stores, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the existing models.