bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Plasma Metabolomic Profiling for Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Using an UPLC/TOF/MS Platform
Authors: Liu Ran , Peng Yuan , Li Xiaobo , Wang Yi , Pan Enchun , Guo Wei , Pu Yuepu , Yin Lihong
Published: April 2013

Epidemiological studies indicated that esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still one of the most common causes of cancer incidence in the world. Searching for valuable markers including circulating endogenous metabolites associated with the risk of esophageal cancer, is extremely important A comparative metabolomics study was performed by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze 53 pairs of plasma samples from ESCC patients and healthy controls recruited in Huaian, China. The result identified a metabolomic profiling of plasma including 25 upregulated metabolites and five downregulated metabolites, for early diagnosis of ESCC. With a database-based verification protocol, 11 molecules were identified, and six upregulated molecules of interest in ESCC were found to belong to phospholipids as follows: phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphinganine 1-phosphate. Clinical estimation of metabolic biomarkers through hierarchical cluster analysis in plasma samples from 17 ESCC patients and 29 healthy volunteers indicated that the present metabolite profile could distinguish ESCC patients from healthy individuals. The cluster of aberrant expression of these metabolites in ESCC indicates the critical role of phospholipid metabolism in the oncogenesis of ESCC and suggests its potential ability to assess the risk of ESCC development in addition to currently used risk factors.
Optimizing SIFT for Matching of Short Wave Infrared and Visible Wavelength Images
Authors: Sima Aleksandra , Buckley Simon
Published: April 2013

The scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is a widely used interest operator for supporting tasks such as 3D matching, 3D scene reconstruction, panorama stitching, image registration and motion tracking. Although SIFT is reported to be robust to disparate radiometric and geometric conditions in visible light imagery, using the default input parameters does not yield satisfactory results when matching imagery acquired at non-overlapping wavelengths. In this paper, optimization of the SIFT parameters for matching multi-wavelength image sets is documented. In order to integrate hyperspectral panoramic images with reference imagery and 3D data, corresponding points were required between visible light and short wave infrared images, each acquired from a slightly different position and with different resolutions and geometric projections. The default SIFT parameters resulted in too few points being found, requiring the influence of five key parameters on the number of matched points to be explored using statistical techniques. Results are discussed for two geological datasets. Using the SIFT operator with optimized parameters and an additional outlier elimination method, allowed between four and 22 times more homologous points to be found with improved image point distributions, than using the default parameter values recommended in the literature.
Activity Recognition Using Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Models on Home Environments Using Binary Sensors
Authors: Ordóñez Fco. Javier , De Toledo Paula , Sanchis Araceli
Published: April 2013

Activities of daily living are good indicators of elderly health status, and activity recognition in smart environments is a well-known problem that has been previously addressed by several studies. In this paper, we describe the use of two powerful machine learning schemes, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and SVM (Support Vector Machines), within the framework of HMM (Hidden Markov Model) in order to tackle the task of activity recognition in a home setting. The output scores of the discriminative models, after processing, are used as observation probabilities of the hybrid approach. We evaluate our approach by comparing these hybrid models with other classical activity recognition methods using five real datasets. We show how the hybrid models achieve significantly better recognition performance, with significance level p < 0:05, proving that the hybrid approach is better suited for the addressed domain.
Comparative anatomy of the proximal tibia in healthy Labrador Retrievers and Yorkshire Terriers
Authors: Guillemot A. , Fontaine D. , Ragetly G. R. , Etchepareborde S. , Vedrine B.
Published: April 2013

Objective 1) To provide specific quantitative data of tibial conformation in Labrador Retrievers and Yorkshire Terriers; 2) To compare the tibial conformation of these two breeds; and 3) To compare these data with previously reported data.

Methods Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle were obtained from 30 consecutive Labrador Retrievers and 30 consecutive Yorkshire Terriers with an angle of extension of 135°. The tibial plateau angle (TPA), the angle between the tibial plateau and the patellar tendon (PTA), the Z angle, the distal tibial axis/proximal tibial axis angle (DPA), and the relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW) were measured and compared among the two breeds.

Results The breed had a significant effect on all of the measured variables (p <0.01): Labrador Retrievers had a lower TPA (25 ± 3° compared to 30 ± 4°), a lower Z angle (58.8 ± 3.2° compared to 69.2 ± 4.5°), a lower DPA (4.5 ± 2.3° compared to 10.8 ± 4.3°), and a lower rTTW (0.74 ± 0.1 compared to 0.86 ± 0.1) than Yorkshire Terriers. The PTA was greater in Labrador Retrievers compared to Yorkshire Terriers (106.9 ± 3.9° compared to 103.7 ± 6.5°). Four correlations were found to be significant: the DPA angle was correlated with the TPA, the Z angle, and the rTTW. The TPA was also correlated with the Z angle.

Clinical significance Clinical significance: The variation in tibial conformation between breeds should be taken into account when studying the role of each measured parameter in the pathology of cruciate disease. When the relevance of each of the aforementioned measured parameters is better understood, it may help determine the most appropriate surgical treatment.
Feline pantarsal arthrodesis using pre-contoured dorsal plates applied according to the principles of percutaneous plate arthrodesis
Authors: Sajik D. , Farrell M. , Fitzpatrick N.
Published: April 2013

Objective: To describe the surgical technique for pantarsal arthrodesis (PTA) in cats according to the principles of percutaneous plate arthrodesis with application of a pre-contoured dorsal plate, without external coaptation and to report the long-term clinical outcome.

Materials and methods: Retrospective review was performed of all cats treated by percutaneous plate application using a new pre-contoured dorsal plate for PTA between 2008 and 2011. Inclusion criteria were clinical and radiographic records plus clinical follow-up to at least six weeks. Data recorded included signalment, indication for surgery, postoperative care, and complications encountered. Radiographs were assessed for arthrodesis progression and complications. Outcome was assessed using an owner questionnaire.

Results: Eleven cats were treated for tarsal injuries and met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 86 ± 45 months, weight 4.50 ± 0.92 kg. The only major short-term complication encountered was wound dehiscence requiring sedation and re-suturing. In the medium-term (23.3 months ± 11.6 months) eight out of nine cats returned to normal activity and one cat showed intermittent lameness. Long-term (34.3 months ±17.5 months) radiographic evaluation was performed in seven out of nine cats; six manifested complete arthrodesis and one sustained plate breakage. Based on owner questionnaire, all nine cats returned to normal activity in the long-term, even the case with plate breakage.

Conclusion: Based on our results, PTA using a custom pre-contoured dorsal plate is a suitable salvage surgery for treatment of severe tarsal injuries in cats.
A novel method for defining the Greyhound talocrural joint axis of rotation for hinged transarticular external skeletal fixation
Authors: Hadley N. R. , Wallace A. M. , Colborne G. R.
Published: April 2013

In order to apply hinged transarticular external skeletal fixation for stabilization of the injured canine tarsal joint, knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) location and orientation of the transverse axis is necessary. This method of immobilization may be used as a primary or adjunctive method of stabilisation for a large number of traumatic conditions. Using pin-mounted markers in the cadaveric Greyhound crus and talus, a closed-form solution of absolute orientation was used to identify, on radiographs, the lateral and medial locations of the transverse axis by tracking the 3D excursions of the markers during flexion and extension. A line was drawn across the dorsal aspect of the calcaneus from the most dorsal point on the distal articular surface (proximal intertarsal joint: PIJ) to the most dorsal point on its proximal articulation with the body of the talus, and the location of the centre of rotation was expressed in terms of the length of that line. In seven Greyhound tarsal joints, the medial end of the axis was located 73 ± 10% proximal to the PIJ and 11 ± 7% dorsal to the line. The lateral end was 73 ± 9% proximal to the PIJ and -2 ± 3% plantar to the line.
Microsatellite markers for Leucobryum boninense (Leucobryaceae), endemic to the Bonin Islands, Japan
Authors: Oguri Emiko , Yamaguchi Tomio , Kajita Tadashi , Murakami Noriaki
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Leucobryum boninense, endemic to the Bonin Islands, Japan, to investigate its level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure.

• Methods and Results: Using next‐generation sequencing, 21 primer sets were developed, among which nine loci were polymorphic in the populations of the Bonin Islands. Among these polymorphic loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10 (mean = 3.444) and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.066 to 0.801 (mean = 0.338).

• Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of the nine microsatellite markers that we developed for population genetic studies of L. boninense.
Targeting Human Papillomavirus Genome Replication for Antiviral Drug Discovery
Authors: Archambault Jacques , Melendy Thomas
Published: April 2013

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a major human health problem; they are the cause of recurrent benign warts and of several cancers of the anogenital tract and head and neck region. Although there are two prophylactic HPV vaccines that could, if used universally, prevent as many as two-thirds of HPV-induced cancers, as well as several cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents for localized treatment of infections, there are currently no HPV antiviral drugs in our arsenal of therapeutic agents. This review examines the status of past and ongoing research into the development of HPV antivirals, focused primarily upon approaches targeting the replication of the viral genome. The only HPV enzyme, E1, is a DNA helicase that interfaces with the cellular DNA replication machinery to replicate the HPV genome. To date, searches for small molecule inhibitors of E1 for use as antivirals have met with limited success. The lack of other viral enzymes has meant that the search for antivirals has shifted to a large degree to the modulation of protein–protein interactions. There has been some success in identifying small molecule inhibitors targeting interactions between HPV proteins but with activity against a small subset of viral types only. As noted in this review, it is thought that targeting E1 interactions with cellular replication proteins may provide inhibitors with broader activity against multiple HPV types. Herein, we outline the steps in HPV DNA replication and discuss those that appear to provide the most advantageous targets for the development of anti-HPV therapeutics.
Financiarisation et fractures socio-spatiales
Authors: Godechot Olivier
Published: April 2013

L’article complète les travaux sur la financiarisation des économies contemporaines à partir de données portant non pas sur les comptes des entreprises, mais sur la composition de leur personnel. Il retient pour cela plusieurs indicateurs susceptibles de signer la puissance directe et indirecte de la finance contemporaine : l’importance et la concentration relative au sein des fractions les mieux payées des salariés travaillant dans le secteur de la finance, au sein des holdings des entreprises non-financières, dans le secteur du conseil aux entreprises ou comme cadres financiers des entreprises non-financières. La concentration des salariés de la finance au sein des salariés les mieux payés semble être le phénomène le plus marquant du processus de financiarisation. L’article examine ensuite les conséquences de la financiarisation sur les inégalités socio-spatiales. À l’accroissement des inégalités, phénomène déjà connu et mis en évidence dans nos précédents travaux, s’ajoute un phénomène de fractionnement du territoire entre la « ville globale » (le grand Paris et en particulier son quartier d’affaires de La Défense) qui possède un centre financier international et les autres parties du territoire. Ainsi, le processus de ségrégation spatiale devient massif dès lors qu’on monte assez haut dans la distribution des salaires et qu’on prend en compte le lieu de travail. Quoique de moindre ampleur, la concentration des salariés riches, produite par la financiarisation, participe à la ghettoïsation résidentielle des salariés les plus fortunés.
De la crise financière à l’impasse sociétale ?
Authors: Lautman Jacques
Published: April 2013

Trois tournants majeurs sont interconnectés dans l’évolution économique et la science économique : en 1971 toutes les monnaies sont devenues des biens marchands ; peu après le néolibéralisme domine ; les mathématiques financières fascinent les économistes du modèle standard, qui oublient le Bien-être de tous, cœur de leur discipline. Le présent article examine les conséquences politico-sociales de ce triple tournant : déclin de l’État-providence ; montée des inégalités ; dettes publiques et instabilité des banques. Le pire est sans doute à venir, – ce que les gouvernants semblent refuser de voir.
A MODIFIED CORRELATION METHOD FOR T-WAVE ALTERNANS DETECTION
Authors: Wan Xiangkui , Yan Kanghui , Li Minggui , Xiang Dingcheng
Published: April 2013

Identification of individuals who are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a formidable challenge. T-wave alternans (TWA) evaluation is emerging as an important tool for risk stratification in patients with heart diseases. Several methods have been developed in recent years to detect and quantify TWA. One such method is known as the correlation method (CM). This method performs well for different levels of TWA and phase shifts in the time domain, but it is sensitive to noise and requires higher quality of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for test. In this paper, we propose a modified correlation method (MCM) to ensure a robust and accuracy detection of TWA. Compared with CM, MCM add a stage of T-wave curve fitting before media T-wave template, and the TWA magnitude is obtained by meaning the maximum absolute difference between even and odd T-wave. Our assessment study demonstrates the improved performance of the proposed algorithm.
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION WITH APPLIED MULTISTEP DIRECT CURRENT GRAFTING
Authors: Choi Sun-Seob , Kim Whi-Young
Published: April 2013

The controlling method for high-voltage pulse form or pulse parameter is extremely important in high speed switching technique. Function generation can repeatedly make various forms and widths of pulse waves such as low-voltage sine wave, square wave, and sawtooth wave. Waveform control is not easy when voltage exceeds a certain amount of kVs. Pulse forming network (PFN) or pulse forming line (PFL) has been used so far along with trigger gap, rail gap, semiconductor switch, ignitron, cyratron, and autocompression switch, which are used as switching device. For PFN, multistep LC circuit is introduced to widen the pulse width, and for PFL, a method to lengthen the charging line is adopted. These methods are difficult to control because a large number of devices are used, and the devices are getting bigger in terms of size. In order to compensate this weakness, the researchers of this study made self-stimulating pulse forms with various pulse widths by actively engrafting the low-voltage two-step or four-step circuits with the AVR one-chip microprocessor technology, which is widely used for two-step or four-step electric network recently with low price.
INVESTIGATION ON A DEVELOPED WEARABLE ASSISTIVE DEVICE (WAD) IN REDUCTION LUMBAR MUSCLES ACTIVITY
Authors: Heydari Hadi , Hoviattalab Maryam , Azghani Mahmood Reza , Ramezanzadehkoldeh Masoud , Parnianpour Mohamad
Published: April 2013

A new wearable assistive device (WAD) was developed to decrease required force on the lumbar spine in static holding tasks. In order to obtain moments on lumbar spine in two conditions, with and without WAD, a biomechanical static model was used for estimation of external moments on lumbar spine. The results of biomechanical models indicated that there was a reduction in the lumbar moment ranging from 20% to 43% using WAD depending on the load and flexion angle. A total of 15 male healthy subjects were tested to experimentally verify the predicted reduction of external moments on the spine by wearing WAD. Normalized electromyography (EMG) of the right and left lumbar and thoracic erector spinae (LES, TES), latissimus dorsi (LD), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) and rectus abdominus (RA) muscles were monitored at three lumbar flexion positions (0°, 30° and 60°) in symmetric posture with three different loads (0, 5 and 15 kg) in two conditions of with and without WAD. The effects of WAD and load were significant for all muscles but the interaction effects were only significant for extensor muscles groups (p < 0.016). Results of statistical analysis (ANOVA) on the normalized EMG while wearing WAD indicated that the muscle activity of right and left LES, TES and LD muscles significantly decreased (p < 0.001). This reduction for right LES, TES, LD muscles at 15 kg load and 60° trunk flexion were 23.2%, 30% and 27.8%, respectively which were in good agreement with the biomechanical model results.
Using Spatial Statistics Tools on Remote-Sensing Data to Identify Fire Regime Linked with Savanna Vegetation Degradation
Authors: Jacquin Anne , Goulard Michel
Published: April 2013

Fire is acknowledged to be a factor for explaining the disturbance of vegetation dynamics interacting with other environmental factors. In this study, the authors want to clarify the importance and the role of fire on the dynamics of savanna vegetation. The study area is the Marovoay watershed located on the north-west coast of Madagascar. In this site, burning herbaceous cover is the main practice in the extensive grazing system. They analyzed the relationship between two indicators, one related to vegetation activity changes and one about fire regime that results from a combination of fire frequency and seasonality. All indicators were measured between 2000 and 2007 using a time series of MODIS images. In this work, the authors implemented two approaches of spatial analysis. The first one analyzes the spatial structure of the residuals of a per-pixel non-spatial GLM model. In the second approach, a spatial GLM model is directly computed. In both approaches, the authors proposed two levels of stratification for the study area according to the spatial variations of the relationship established between vegetation activity changes and fire regime. The use of spatial statistical tools produces parsimonious models which they found to be consistent with expert knowledge. The authors demonstrated that a statistical analysis based on spatial GLM is able either to stratify an area when non ancillary data on land use exist or to validate an existing stratification.
Cr-Substituted Mesoporous Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystallization Kinetics and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Li Xin Zhu , Zhang Ji Shi
Published: April 2013

Cr-substituted mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieve (Cr-MAP) was synthesized and characterized. Crystallization kinetics curves measured as an index to the relative degree of crystallinity, according to the Arrhenius equation to calculate the apparent nucleation activation energy and crystal growth activation energy of Cr-MAP, which was 63.7 and 14.7 kJ• mol-1, respectively. Cr-MAP had highly catalytic activity for fabricating acetophenone by selectively oxizing ethylbenzene. Using tert-butylhydroperoxide as oxidant and chlorobenzene as solvent at 100 °C for 8 h, acetophenone selectivity, acetophenone yield and ethylbenzene conversion reaches 85.4, 62.2 and 72.8 %, respectively.
Experimental Research on the Recovery of Copper from Pregnant Solution Highly Containing Cu
Authors: Zhang Yong Ming , Xiang Peng Zhi , Mao Ying Bo
Published: April 2013

This paper use the copper content of copper-rich solution is 49.43g/L for electrolyte, and it effecting factors of the quality of electric copper electrodeposition are studied. The results show that under the these conditions of the electrodeposition current density is 180A/m2, and time of electrodeposition is 1.5h, concentration of NH4+ in electrolyte is less than 2g/L, thiourea is 40 g/t and Henkel glue is 40 g/t, the cathode copper which have less impurity content and Cu+Ag≥99.95% could be obtained.
Preparation of Heterojunction Semiconductor SnS2/SnO2 with Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Chen Ping , Qin Ming Sheng , Huang Fu Qiang
Published: April 2013

The Formation of Heterojunction Structure between Two Semiconductors Was Considered as an Effective Method to Enhance the Photocatalytic Activity. here, we Reported a Simple Method to Prepare SnS2/SnO2Heterojunction Photocatalysts by Annealing SnS2in Air. the Structure, Morphology, Chemical Compositions and Optical Properties of the Obtained Materials Were Characterized by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Ultraviolet-visible-near Infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Absorption Spectra. the Photocatalytic Investigations Showed the Composites Have Higher Photocatalytic Activity than the Single-phase SnS2. the SnS2Powder which Annealed at 400 °C for 60 Min Showed the Highest Photocatalytic Performance.
Plasma Membrane Stability Analysis of Cold-Area Winter Wheat
Authors: Wang Xiao Nan , Xie Dong Wei , Fu Lian Shuang , Li Zhuo Fu , Sun Ying Lu
Published: April 2013

Four varieties of winter wheat with different return green rates were used to analyze the plasma membrane stability and the factors that affect cold-area winter wheat during winter. The removal of reactive oxygen species, the degree of plasma membrane impairment, water content in the crowns, which contain the growing point, were studied during cold acclimation to the deep freezing period. The results show that electrical conductivity reflects the degree of plasma membrane damage under low temperatures was significantly correlated with the free water and the total water content. The MDA content, which reflects the degree of membrane peroxidation, was very significantly correlated with SOD, peroxidase, and ascorbic acid. During this period, the MDA stability, SOD, GSH, and total water and free water content may be used to identify the cold resistance of winter wheat varieties.
Catastrophic Model of Water Inrush from Coal Mine Floor
Authors: Shao Ai Jun , Peng Jian Ping , Meng Qing Xin , Huang Yuan
Published: April 2013

The water inrush from coal mine floor is a typical catastrophic process. A catastrophic theory is applied to water bursting in pit footwall for the first time. Through the research on lost stabilization of energy in the floor system of coal mine, a cusp catastrophic model applied to forecast water bursting from coal mine floor is put forward. The formulas of the critical stress, the strain and the released energy of the floor are developed when the floor system lost stabilization. So a new theory approach is offered for the forecast of water inrush from coal mine floor.
Influence by Ventilation with Nature Wind on the Air Conditioning Energy Consumption
Authors: Jing Ya Zhou , Zhao Guo Jun , Li Hai Shan , Gao Yan
Published: April 2013

In this paper, it reveals that the ventilation using patterns can do much to the energy consumption for air-conditioning. In the simulation, it models the person behavior with their action for regulating indoor thermal environment by opening the window for natural ventilation, and compares the influence by ventilation in different patterns to the air conditioning energy consumption. The results show that in the pattern priority for using the natural wind it is helpful for reducing the energy consumption.
Emulsification of Bio-Oil Heavy Fraction with Diesel by Mechanical and Ultrasonic Technologies
Authors: Guo Zuo Gang , Wang Shu Rong , Wang Xiang Yu
Published: April 2013

In the present work, the emulsion fuels from bio-oil heavy fraction and 0# diesel were prepared by mechanical and ultrasound emulsification technologies. The relationship between stable time of emulsions and HLB value of emulsifier was investigated. Results indicated that lower mechanical stirring speeds and lower ultrasonic amplitudes lead to longer stable time of bio-oil heavy fraction emulsions. The stable time of emulsions reduced as HLB values increasing, and it reached a maximal value of 14 minutes under a HLB value of 1.8. Zetasizer Nano S90 was adopted to measure the droplet distribution of emulsions. The major droplet size of emulsions was smaller than 90nm. Meanwhile, the droplet distribution curve of ultrasound emulsions was much complex than those of mechanical emulsions.
On-Board Measurements of Particle Emissions from a Diesel Car Fuelled with Alternative Fuels Based on Different Road Types
Authors: Yao Di , Lou Di Ming , Zhi Yuan Hu , Tan Pi Qiang , Feng Qian
Published: April 2013

In this paper, on-board Measurements of particle emissions were carried out on a VW diesel car in Shanghai real roads. The test fuels included pure petroleum diesel (D100) and three different alternative fuel blends, 10% biodiesel blend (BD10), 10% coal-to-liquid fuel blend (C10) and 10% gas-to-liquid fuel blend (G10) in volumetric mixture ratio. Results showed that particle emissions in freeways were terrible, and particle number emission ratios from urban roads were high. The test alternative blend fuels of BD10, Bu10, G10 and C10 all have positive effects on the particle emissions of test diesel car.
A Transmission Pricing Method Considering Long-Term Capacity Cost
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Yang
Published: April 2013

In the research of electricity market, electricity pricing is a key issue. Transmission pricing affects the interests of generation company, transmission company and consumer. In this paper, a new method of transmission pricing is proposed .It is based on the short term marginal cost method and further considers capacity cost. Simulation results show that the method proposed can not only lead to short-run market efficiency by providing effective economic signals to generators and consumers, but also ensure the balance between income and expenditure of transmission companies as well as help them accumulate special fund for transmission network expansion.
Study on Effect of Micro-Power System Operation and Market Environment
Authors: Gao Yong Xin
Published: April 2013

Micro-grid to facilitate a large number of distributed energy resources (DER) interconnection and access in the low voltage distribution system, provides a mechanism to take advantage of DER generating units, micro-grid profiles are described in the text and its development, micro-Islanding detection of grid management systems, micro-grid issues and micro-grids, market competitive issues. That urgency of micro-grid and Islanding detection methods, along with bidding in power market, the only generation involved in unilateral bidding mechanism and power side and the user side and participate in bilateral bidding mechanism.
Simulation Study on Amplitude of the Overhead Line Based on Simulink
Authors: Zhao Mei Yun , Liu Zheng Lin , Zhao Xin Ze , Wang Rui Feng
Published: April 2013

Aeolian vibration often occurs in the high-voltage transmission overhead lines, and the amplitude of conductors has close relationship with conductors fretting wear. It is very difficult to measure actual amplitude of working conductor, so obtaining the amplitude of the conductor by the means of simulation is of practical significant to research quantitatively the relationship of the amplitude and the fretting wear. In this paper an imitation test-bed was built. The maximum amplitudes in the different location of a conductor in a test condition were obtained by Simulink software simulating, and the results were compared with the maximum amplitudes obtained by experimental test. The result of this comparison showed that between of them were of good similarity, and the locations of vibration nodes and maximum amplitudes were basically same. It was proved to be feasible that the aeolian vibration amplitude of the overhead conductor in kinds of conditions could be obtained by Simulink software simulating.
Prediction of Energy Usage Intensity of the Commercial Blocks in the Urban Areas of Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hsien Te , Wu Kang Li , Lai Lan Hsuan
Published: April 2013

This study develops a set of prediction models to estimate energy usage for commercial blocks in urban areas. Commercial blocks in Taipei City, Taichung City, and Tainan City of Taiwan were selected as research subjects, and a total of 93 blocks were surveyed. With the survey of land use type and intensity, building usage, and actual building energy usage of the blocks, a set of commercial block energy usage prediction models were proposed and tested, and two commonly used land use variables (the floor area ratio and total floor areas) were included as independent variables in these models. The average number of floors and an indicator of commercial activity intensity were then employed to help define the level of energy usage intensity for the blocks surveyed in order to refine the models, and the R2 for both energy usage prediction models increases to 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. This study shows that land use variables can be utilized to rapidly estimate energy usage of commercial blocks in urban areas, and the finding should be useful for decision-makers to formulate policies on urban energy management and land use planning.
Spray Flame Study Using a Model Gas Turbine Swirl Burner
Authors: Chong Cheng Tung , Hochgreb Simone
Published: April 2013

A model gas turbine burner was employed to investigate spray flames established under globally lean, continuous, swirling conditions. Two types of fuel were used to generate liquid spray flames: palm biodiesel and Jet-A1. The main swirling air flow was preheated to 350 °C prior to mixing with airblast-atomized fuel droplets at atmospheric pressure. The global flame structure of flame and flow field were investigated at the fixed power output of 6 kW. Flame chemiluminescence imaging technique was employed to investigate the flame reaction zones, while particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to measure the flow field within the combustor. The flow fields of both flames are almost identical despite some differences in the flame reaction zones.
Study on Pitch Diameter Ratio Optimization of Transmission Line Basised on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Xin Ze , Zhang Shao Qing , Yang Zhi Cheng , Yang Zhen Xing , Zhao Mei Yun
Published: April 2013

The mathematical model of relation betwteen pitch diameter and stress of the wire has been builded by analysing stress distribution among layers of transmission line, genetic algorithm has been used to optimize the wire pitch diameter ratio. The optimization results show that: when the pitch diameter of the wire be equaled to the upper limit, the contact stress between the layers reaches a minimum. Research findings can provide a certain theoretical basis on the desigen of the wire, antifriction, reduce line losses and an extension of lifetime, it has a higher value in engineering
The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of BOD5 and the Biodegradability of Seawater in Coastal Areas of Leizhou Peninsula, China in Summer
Authors: Xie Qun , Chen Chun Liang , Wu Min Hua
Published: April 2013

According to the environmental survey in coastal areas of Leizhou Peninsula in July 2010, the content and the spatial distribution of five days biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were studied. The ratio of BOD5/TOC was applied to evaluate the biodegradability of seawater. The BOD5 in surface seawater ranged from 0.75 mg/L to 4.66 mg/L, with an average of 1.97 mg/L, however, in bottom seawater, the BOD5 varied from 0.09 mg/L to 6.22 mg/L, with an average of 2.16 mg/L. The BOD5 was in line with the second grade of national seawater quality standard of China at most stations. The BOD5 in coastal areas of west Guangdong was significantly different from that of Qiongzhou straits and Beibu Gulf (p<0.01), the highest BOD5 was revealed in the west Guangdong, followed by in Qiongzhou straits and in Beibu Gulf. The biodegradability in bottom seawater was better than that in surface.
Effects of Nitrogen on Zinc Uptake, Accumulation and Partitioning of Wheat
Authors: Chang Hong , Zhou Xin Bin , Yu Shu Hui , Zhou Yong Xiang
Published: April 2013

Effects of nitrogen on uptake, accumulation and partitioning of zinc throughout the development of wheat were studied under pot-culture conditions. The results showed that under low zinc application (0.2 mg kg-1) the grain zinc content increased by 140% when nitrogen fertilizer increased from 50 mg kg-1 to 150 mg kg-1. Under high zinc application (5 mg kg-1) the grain zinc content increased by 61%. Increasing nitrogen application under low zinc fertilizer, the grain zinc mainly comes from the root zinc uptake. While increasing nitrogen application under high zinc fertilizer, the grain zinc mainly comes from the straw zinc remobilization.
Evaluation of Seawater Quality in Tianjin Offshore Based on Grey Clustering Method
Authors: Hu Gui Kun , Zhang Qing Tian
Published: April 2013

The seawater quality in Tianjin offshore area from 2006a to 2007a was evaluated based on the Grey Clustering Method (GCM). The results showed that pollution was serious in the northern coast of the study area, but other areas had good water quality. After analyzing, we found that both the selected environmental factors and the factor numbers for evaluation affected result of grey clustering, especially when the environmental factors were of great difference in the pollution level. Further study is recommended to improve and perfect the grey clustering method in order to get more unified application, and it is also beneficial for the comparison of different results.
Experimental Study on Biological Treatment of Organic Waste Gas from Laboratory
Authors: Sha Hao Lei , Xie Guo Jian
Published: April 2013

The removal effect of simulation waste gas from laboratory, and the removal ability of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and methane were studied in a biofilter tower. During the stable running period, the results showed that the removal efficiency of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) remained above 85%, when the inlet concentrations were 124~380 mg۰m-3. The removal efficiency of hydrophilic pollutants were higher than that of hydrophobic pollutants. The results proved that the biofilter tower was feasible to remove the organic waste gas from laboratory.
A New Metabolic Pathway of Heptachlor Epoxide Biotransformation by Cordyceps brongniartii ATCC66779
Authors: Xiao Peng Fei , Song Yu Zhen
Published: April 2013

Although heptachlor epoxide (HE) is the major metabolite of organochlorine pesticide heptachlor in soil, there is very limited information on the biodegradation of HE by microorganisms, and no systematic study on the metabolic products and pathways for HE transformation by fungi has been conducted. In this study, the metabolism of HE was performed with Cordyceps brongniartii ATCC66779, which is capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. This fungus removed about 27% and 21% of HE in PDB and BSM medium, respectively, after 20 days of incubation. Three hydroxylated products including heptachlor diol, 1,2-dihydroxydihydrochlordene and trihydroxychlordene were detected as metabolites of HE using GC/MS analysis, suggesting that HE was metabolized to hydrophilic products via hydrolysis, dechlorination and hydroxylation.
Spatial Distribution and Reserves Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Based on GIS in Maiji Area of Tianshui
Authors: Gai Ai Hong , Zhang Ren Zhi , Chen Fang , Wang Xiao Long
Published: April 2013

The soil organic carbon density and storage of Maiji Area of Tianshui was estmiated, using the data of 6060 soil profile from the second soil survey of China and formulating fertilization for soil conditions in 2008. Integrating the soil map, land use status map and district map of Maiji Area of Tianshui, the index of the characteristic of soil organic distribution in different soil and soil layers were analyzed. Results showed: the soil of Maiji area have low average density, when soil secondary census, depths of 5cm,20cm,1m average density of organic carbon are 0.92kg•m-2,3.31kg•m-2,7.79kg•m-2 respectively, average density of organic carbon at depth of 20cm is 2.43 kg•m-2 in 2008 years, As a standard of Yu Dongsheng’s (2005) estimation of average density of 9.60 kg•m-2 in the depth of 1m all over the China, Maiji area 1m deep soil organic carbon density is lower 1.91kg•m-2 than the average density of whole country; The calculation of the secondary survey, reserves of organic carbon in surface soil (0-5cm) is about 4.83×106t, reserves of organic carbon in fall (0-20cm) is about 12.46×106t, reserves of soil organic carbon in 1m depth is about 45.17×106t, reserves of soil organic carbon in fall (0-20cm) is about 18.55×106t in 2008 years. In a word, the soil organic carbon storage was relatively indigent in Maiji Area of Tianshui.
Effect of Salinity on Cu and Pb Release from Excess Sludge
Authors: Gao Chun Mei , Zhu Xiao Yun , Yang Hong , Feng Hai Chen , Huang Qing
Published: April 2013

Heavy metal was the biggest obstacles of sludge harmless and resources utilization. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of salinity on heavy metal from excess sludge. The static experiments were carried out to observe the release of Cu and Pb at four levels of salinity (20‰, 25‰, 30‰, 35‰). The results showed that Cu and Pb presented a similar trend over time: The concentration gradually increased over time in the early period, when reaching the highest value it begun to decrease, until relatively stabilized. Cu and Pb were more favorable to release in higher salinity levels, especially 35‰. The maximum concentration of Cu and Pb was 0.121ug.L-1 and 1.056 ug.L-1, respectively. And Pb was easier to release than Cu.
Research on the Sulfur-Fixing Effect of Compound Sulfur-Fixing Agents from Carbide Slag and Wastes
Authors: Yang Qiao Wen , Zhu Ying , Liu Chuan , Li Peng Fei , Wang Jian Xiong , Yang Zhen Zhou , Lu Wen Yang
Published: April 2013

In this paper the effects of compound sulfur-fixing agents and compound additives on the sulfur-fixing efficiency were discussed. Thermogravimetric Analysis was used to study the influence of sulfur-fixing agent and additives on the combustion performance. Besides, X-ray fluorescence was applied to research sulfur-fixing mechanism. The results show that, the best sulfur-fixing efficiency was 78.95%, when the ratio of Ca/S was 2.0, experimental temperature was 1000°C, burning time was 20min, the compound sulfur-fixing agents were 80% carbide slag and 20% wastes, the compound additives were 2% iron additives, 6% aluminum additives, 4% sodium additives, 5% silicon additives. The effects of the four additives on the sulfur-fixing efficiency were Al＞Fe＞Si＞Na.
Screening, Identification and Characterization of a Cyanoethylated Wastepaper-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Chun Hong , Xiao Dong Dong , Sun Pei Shi , Zou Ping , Chen Qiu Ling
Published: April 2013

A cyanoethylated wastepaper-degrading bacterial strain S11 was screened from the surface humus soil in the forest of Yunnan University. The bacterium was identified through analysis of morphological, biological and biochemical features and 16S rRNA sequence. S11 enjoyed above 99% homology with Ochrobactrum sp.CRRI29’s 16S rDNA sequence, therefore the baterium belonged to Ochrobactrum sp. The research on degradation features of S11 revealed that S11 bacterium could effectively degrade cyanoethylated wastepaper under 35°C, pH 11.0, 25% inoculum size and 50g/L substrate concentration; under the optimum conditions, the degradation rate of cyanoethylated wastepaper was 46.83% after degradation by S11 bacterium for 192 hours.
Effect of Aboveground Biomass, Temperature and Moisture on Soil Microorganism of Alkali-Saline Grassland
Authors: Sun Hai Ming , Mu Chun Sheng
Published: April 2013

The information on the soil microorganism of alkali-saline grassland was limited. To demonstrate the effect of aboveground biomass, temperature and moisture on soil microorganism of alkali-saline grassland, the soil microbial counts, biomass carbon, diversity index, aboveground biomass, soil temperature and moisture were measured and analyzed in Songnen grassland. The results showed that aboveground biomass, soil temperature and moisture had significant effect (P0.05). To sum up, the change of the soil microbial counts and biomass carbon were related primarily by plant growth.
Study on Modification and Performance of Nano Catalyst Used for Ceramic Purification
Authors: Tian Xiao Bing , Qin Wang Chao
Published: April 2013

This paper takes the nano tungsten oxide as an example and researches the influence of modification on optical properties and catalytic performance through the doping modification in the preparation process of sol-gel. It adopts SEM spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectrophotometry methods for characterization of nano-doped tungsten oxide structure and optical absorption properties, and adopts the one-shot purification rate of formaldehyde, toluene and benzene for characterization of the purifying performance of the reforming catalyst that used to purify the ceramic material.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of COD and Quinoline from Coal Gasiﬁcation Wastewater Secondary Effluent with Carbon Supported Copper Oxides as Catalyst
Authors: Han Hong Jun , Zhuang Hai Feng
Published: April 2013

Coal gasiﬁcation wastewater (CGW) is a refractory and toxic wastewater. The secondary effluent quality usually cannot meet the discharge standards after conventional biological treatment processes. Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is a promising technology for solving this problem. Two carbon materials were investigated as ozonation catalysts for the removal of the quinoline and COD in a real CGW secondary effluent. Results were indicated that CuOx /GAC presented a higher catalytic performance than granular activated carbon and single ozone, efficiency of removal of quinoline and COD were 69%, 92% respectively. Higher pH had positive effect on the degradation of quinoline due to the formation of hydroxyl radical (removal of quinoline rapidly reached above 90% in pH=10). The presence of the radical scavenger tert-butanol (TBA) evidenced the participation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the oxidation mechanisms of quinoline. The stability of the catalysts was demonstrated by carrying repetitive experiments reusing catalysts sample.
Prediction Model of Flush Flood and Debris Flow in Taihang Mountains Areas Based on Bayes Discriminatory Analysis
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Jia Ding
Published: April 2013

System science and debris flow prediction theory are adopted to analyze external environmental conditions of the system which influence the occurrence of flush flood and debris flow in the area. The external environmental conditions are introduced as model indexes and a set of prediction models is then established. By checking the model with oneself validation and cross validation, the accuracy for judging is 93.75%, which meets the requirement of Bayes discriminatory analysis that the accuracy of judged model should be more than 80%. Two validation results are consistent with each other and the model is stable.
The Application and Analysis of Reinforcing Mechanism with Vet. for Slope Ecological Protection in Highway
Authors: Li Jiu Ming , Xiong Xiao Bo , Tao Ai Hua
Published: April 2013

Slope biotechnique has become a significant method to protect slopes. Vetiveria zizanioides has many biological characteristics, such as resistance to overhead flooding injury; withstand drought, pain resistance and tachyauxesis. The root system has high tensile strength, well adaptability and other features. Through the joint effects of root system and micro-ecological environment, the slope can be well reinforced and protected. This paper studies the basic properties of vetiveria zizanioides and the principle of water and soil maintenance. The tensile strength of single root and the force mechanism of eco-reinforced slope are analyzed. Research shows that vetiveria zizanioides also has many excellent engineering parameters, such as tensile strength and shear strength. With the large and deep pierced root system, the soil mass is effectively fixed, which limits the shift of shallow soil of slopes. Vetiveria zizanioides is easy to grow. Meanwhile, it can control soil erosion effectively and maintain the stability of the highway slope. Therefore, this plant has a greater value in the field of highway slope protection.
Purification of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lightly Polluted Landscape River by Effective Microorganisms Combined with Submerged Plants
Authors: Chen De Qiang , He Hao , Chen Yi Qun
Published: April 2013

In this paper the purification performance of nitrogen and phosphorus in slightly polluted water by the combination of EM and submerged plants, Hydrilla verticillata was investigated. The results showed that the combination of EM and Hydrilla verticillata have a good purification effect on TN and TP in lightly polluted water, and the removal rate could reach to 70% and 97.3%, respectively. As compared with the treatments of aquatic plants and EM separately, the removal rate of TN and TP were increased by 23.4%, 2.1% and 23.4%, 41.3%, respectively.
Study on the Characteristics of Harmful Gas Distribution of Welding Semi-Closed Environment
Authors: Qi Shun Shun , Chen Shu Jin , Hu Sen , Zhu Wen Qi
Published: April 2013

In order to reveal the harmful gas distribution characteristics of welding semi-closed field, this paper established a welding workshop model. Under conditions of natural and mixed convection, the flow state of CO generated in the welding process within the workshop was simulated based on the zero-equation turbulence model. The distribution of CO was analyzed under the conditions of different exhaust rate and different number of working welder. Studies have shown that higher concentration CO appears in the region of 0.6m to 1.5m from the ground; it is necessary to adjust the number of air vents when the number of welder is changing. In addition, the asymmetric structure of workshop also affects the distribution of CO. The simulation results not only can evaluate the pros and cons of the workshop structure and ventilation system, but also provide a theoretical basis for hazardous gas detection and alarm strategy for the further purposes.