bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From a restless pillow to a ruffled mind: testing a moderated mediation model of off-the-job antecedents of abusive supervision
Authors: Shillamkwese Samson Samwel , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) , Butt Hirra Pervez , Tariq Hussain , Hameed Zahid
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Although work-related antecedents of abusive supervision are well-known, knowledge on the cross-domain antecedents of this destructive leadership behavior is scarce. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate off-the-job supervisors’ after-work experiences that may influence their work behavior. The authors explore how and when a supervisor’s poor recovery experiences lead to abusive supervisory behaviors through a negative start-of-workday mood for high vs low supervisor sleep quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a single-source, three-phase field study (N= 422) to test the proposed moderated mediation model for participants from a large telecommunications company located in Anhui province, People’s Republic of China.

Findings

Poor recovery experiences in the supervisor’s personal life can spill over to their work domain and provoke abusive supervisory behavior through the mediating effect of a negative start-of-workday mood. Moreover, a supervisor’s good night’s sleep (i.e. first-stage moderator) serves as a key mitigating factor to diminish the negative start-of-workday mood resulting from a lack of relaxation, mastery experiences and control experiences (except for the lack of psychological detachment from work) and lessens abusive supervision.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature examining off-the-job events to understand the antecedents of abusive supervision that are beyond organizations’ control but significantly influence workplace behaviors, showing that not all antecedents of abusive supervision exist in the workplace; some are transferred from the home domain through nonvisible moods. Finally, the inclusion of sleep quality as a first-stage moderator provides insights on preventing abusive supervision caused by nonwork-related events. This adds a unique dimension to the abusive supervision literature by highlighting factors in the home domain that can prevent negative spillovers to the work domain. The authors conclude with some theoretical and practical implications for researchers and practitioners.
Entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management: comparing configurations of native and immigrant entrepreneurial firms
Authors: Mostafiz Md Imtiaz , Hughes Mathew , Simeonova Boyka , Sambasivan Murali
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms succeed when they can better marshal their knowledge resources into productive advantages, necessitating entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and knowledge management (KM) processes of knowledge acquisition, application, conversion and protection. However, configurations of EO and KM processes are unaccounted for in extant theory, and the differences between the operating context of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms are unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the configurational combination of EO and KM processes in two different contexts as native and immigrant entrepreneurial firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the knowledge-based theory, the authors apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and necessity analysis of QCA (NCA) to data from Malaysian native (N = 185) and immigrant (N = 146) service-oriented entrepreneurial firms.

Findings

The results demonstrate that immigrant entrepreneurial firms’ performance relies on knowledge processes of knowledge acquisition and application to ensure intelligent effectuation of EO; but for native entrepreneurial firms, the critical knowledge processes for performance success are knowledge conversion and protection. The NCA suggests that EO is critical for both firms; however, conjunctional causations differ based on KM processes.

Originality/value

This study enriches the emerging knowledge-based theory of the entrepreneurial-oriented firm by advancing the theory and conversation by revealing how EO, KM processes and context link in which the profile of the EO–performance relationship is configurationally dependent. The study advances the knowledge-based theory of entrepreneurially-oriented firms to account for entrepreneurship in context.
Analysis of cracking evolution mode of the monobloc sleeper
Authors: Tahi Mohammed , Chikhaoui Mohamed , Chabaat Mohamed
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Monobloc sleepers have several problems related to bending cracking, especially longitudinal cracking and cracking at rail seat under preload release. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the behavior and cracking mode of prestressed concrete railroad sleepers under static loads using the positive test. Experimental tests followed by 3-D numerical models were performed of the same test.

Design/methodology/approach

Two steel supports were placed on the rail seat. During a progressive loading, the initiated cracks had approximately the same amplitude as those obtained from the numerical model. The type of cracking depends on the intensity of the applied static load and the loading rate. A validated three-dimensional digital model was established. The obtained results showed a perfect resemblance to the experimental tests. The final design was optimized and verified using a validated numerical simulation.

Findings

At low static loading levels, the first flexural shear cracks appeared at a vertical position located between the two steel supports. At higher static loading levels, bending shear cracks have occurred. The latter are inclined at the steel supports. It was proven that for higher loading levels, shear cracks were the primary mode of failure.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the sensitivity of monobloc sleepers to technology production, the results are limited by the maximal loading and press used.

Practical implications

Numerical modeling greatly reduces uncertainties in laboratory testing and is an important tool for visualizing and quantifying rail seat cracks to understand behavior and predict collapse.

Social implications

Ensuring human life during rail operations is one of our the long-term priorities. This cannot be done unless the authors manage to master the manufacturing tool for sleepers while controlling the limitation of crack propagation.

Originality/value

The three-dimensional numerical established model has been checked and validated against the experimental results using the positive test to understand the behavior and the cracking mode of prestressed concrete railroad sleepers under static loads. The proposed numerical model has been more refined for a later more complex application by reducing the computation time.
Exploring the role of policy actors in the implementation of social distancing: a case of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Fayyaz , Wayenberg Ellen , Qureshi Shahzadah Fahed
Published: April 2023

Purpose

At the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the absence of pharmaceutical agents meant that policy institutions had to intervene by providing nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). To satisfy this need, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued policy guidelines, such as NPIs, and the government of Pakistan released its own policy document that included social distancing (SD) as a containment measure. This study explores the policy actors and their role in implementing SD as an NPI in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted the constructs of Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to explore the implementation of SD as a complex and novel healthcare intervention under a qualitative study design. Data were collected through document analysis and interviews, and analysed under framework analysis protocols.

Findings

The intervention actors (IAs), including healthcare providers, district management agents, and staff from other departments, were active in implementation in the local context. It was observed that healthcare providers integrated SD into their professional lives through a higher level of collective action and reflexive monitoring. However, the results suggest that more coherence and cognitive participation are required for integration.

Originality/value

This novel research offers original and exclusive scenario narratives that satisfy the recent calls of the neo-implementation paradigm, and provides suggestions for managing the implementation impediments during the pandemic. The paper fills the implementation literature gap by exploring the normalisation process and designing a contextual framework for developing countries to implement guidelines for pandemics and healthcare crises.
Binder jetting of SS316L: a computational approach for droplet-powder interaction
Authors: Ur Rehman Asif , Azher Kashif , Ullah Abid , Tüfekci Celal Sami , Salamci Metin Uymaz
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to describe the effects of capillary forces or action, viscosity, gravity and inertia via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The study also includes distribution of the binder droplet over the powder bed after interacting from different heights.

Design/methodology/approach

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized many industries. Binder jetting (BJT) is a powder-based AM method that enables the production of complex components for a wide range of applications. The pre-densification interaction of binder and powder is vital among various parameters that can affect the BJT performance. In this study, BJT process is studied for the binder interaction with the powder bed of SS316L. The effect of the droplet-powder distance is thoroughly analysed. Two different droplet heights are considered, namely, h1 (zero) and h2 (9.89 mm).

Findings

The capillary and inertial effects are predominant, as the distance affects these parameters significantly. The binder spreading and penetration depth onto the powder bed is influenced directly by the distance of the binder droplet. The former increases with an increase in latter. The binder distribution over the powder bed, whether uniform or not, is studied by the stream traces. The penetration depth of the binder was also observed along the cross-section of the powder bed through the same.

Originality/value

In this work, the authors have developed a more accurate representative discrete element method of the powder bed and CFD analysis of binder droplet spreading and penetration inside the powder bed using Flow-3D. Moreover, the importance of the splashing due to the binder’s droplet height is observed. If splashing occurs, it will produce distortion in the powder, resulting in a void in the final part.
Societal Adaptation to Aging and Prevalence of Depression Among Older Adults: Evidence From 20 Countries
Authors: RICHARDSON ROBIN A. , KEYES KATHERINE M. , CHEN CYNTHIA , MAUNG GUAN YUN KENWIN , ROWE JOHN , CALVO ESTEBAN
Published: April 2023

Policy Points

Countries have adopted different strategies to support aging populations, which are broadly reflected in social, economic, and contextual environments. Referred to as “societal adaptation to aging,” these factors affect countries’ capacity to support older adults.

Results from our study show that countries with more robust societal adaptation to aging had lower depression prevalence. Reductions in depression prevalence occurred among every investigated sociodemographic group and were most pronounced among the old‐old.

Findings suggest that societal factors have an underacknowledged role in shaping depression risk. Policies that improve societal approaches to aging may reduce depression prevalence among older adults.

Context

Countries have adopted various formal and informal approaches to support older adults, which are broadly reflected in different policies, programs, and social environments. These contextual environments, broadly referred to as “societal adaptation to aging,” may affect population health.

Methods

We used a new theory‐based measure that captured societal adaptation to aging, the Aging Society Index (ASI), which we linked with harmonized individual‐level data from 89,111 older adults from 20 countries. Using multi‐levels models that accounted for differences in the population composition across countries, we estimated the association between country‐level ASI scores and depression prevalence. We also tested if associations were stronger among the old‐old and among sociodemographic groups that experience more disadvantage (i.e., women, those with lower educational attainment, unmarried adults).

Findings

We found that countries with higher ASI scores, indicating more comprehensive approaches to supporting older adults, had lower depression prevalence. We found especially strong reductions in depression prevalence among the oldest adults in our sample. However, we did not find stronger reductions among sociodemographic groups who may experience more disadvantage.

Conclusions

Country‐level strategies to support older adults may affect depression prevalence. Such strategies may become increasingly important as adults grow older. These results offer promising evidence that improvements in societal adaptation to aging—such as through adoption of more comprehensive policies and programs targeting older adults—may be one avenue to improve population mental health. Future research could investigate observed associations using longitudinal and quasi‐experimental study designs, offering additional information regarding a potential causal relationship.
SOUTH ASIAN URBAN CLIMATES: Towards Pluralistic Narratives and Expanded Lexicons
Authors: Rehman Nida , Parikh Aparna , Lamb Zachary , Syal Shruti , Ghertner D. Asher , Menon SiddhaRth , Anwar Nausheen , Nabi Hira , Butt Waqas , Ranganathan Malini , Srinivasan Krithika , Bhat Harshavardhan , Powis Anthony , Anand Nikhil
Published: April 2023

This Interventions essay presents 14 stories of, and positions on, urban climates in South Asia. We look analytically and linguistically from this region to engage the terms ‘mahaul’, ‘mausam’ and ‘aab‐o‐hawa’ as critical concepts to conceptualize climate in its political, social, historic, atmospheric, ecological, material, sensory and embodied registers. Gathered together, the stories scaffold a perspective on climate that connects concerns about broader structural conditions (mahaul); local and lived experiences in different temporal registers (mausam) and sociomaterial entanglements that demand new ways of knowing nature (aab‐o‐hawa). An expansive yet grounded conceptualization allows us to narrate individual cases and local climate stories in their multiplicity and difference, rather than through cumulative effects across much wider geographies. This essay on South Asian urban climates provides an analytical frame based on shared colonial history, and geographies connecting experiences of climate across fraught geopolitical borders. These diverse South Asian urbanisms provide evidence of a range of environmental vulnerabilities, while seeking possibilities in already existing climates—in the seas and airs that reorient the experience of land and atmosphere, in centering marginalized voices, in historical remnants to read contemporary urban change, in exploring planning agency grounded in local politics, and from the position of partial knowledge that being within urban climates entails.
Understanding the diversity of the NHS emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR) community in London
Authors: Davies Francesca , Sellwood Chloe , Subramaniam Surriya ,   London NHS EPRR Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) Group
Published: April 2023

It could be easy to believe that an emergency impacts us all the same way and that gender, skin tone, ability and religion don't matter when it comes to emergency plans. But this is simply not true. Planning and response to disruptive events needs to consider the individual needs and vulnerabilities of the people involved which can be exacerbated due to gender, race, ethnicity, age, social class and disability. The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought the stark reality of vulnerability and disproportionality into focus, in planning for and responding to major incidents and emergencies. In recognition of this, London's NHS emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR) community decided to investigate our own diversity to understand whether we represent Londoners and to use our findings to inform future NHS preparedness for major incidents and emergencies. This paper describes the first part: understanding our own diversity. Armed with this knowledge, we will now strive to be more inclusive of all Londoners in our planning.
Oenological potential of wines produced from disease‐resistant grape cultivars
Authors: Duley Gavin , Ceci Adriana Teresa , Longo Edoardo , Boselli Emanuele
Published: April 2023

Within the EU, changes in policy and public sentiment have made it more urgent to consider the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Consequently, one of the EU’s goals is to reduce pesticide use by 50 per cent by 2030, including in viticulture. One of the proposed approaches is to expand the use of disease resistant hybrid grape‐cultivars (DRHGC), such as ‘PIWI’ grapes (German, Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten), and to introduce new DRHGCs. However, the characteristics of DRHGCs are different from those of Vitis vinifera, which makes it necessary to take measures and make changes in winemaking technology to maintain high wine quality. This paper examines the chemistry of wines made from DRHGC and discusses their impact on aroma and flavor profiles. It also reviews the main winemaking practices suggested to produce high‐quality wines from DRHGCs. The chemistry of DRHGCs is different to wine produced from V. vinifera, which can lead to both challenges during winemaking and unusual flavor profiles. Although newer DRHGCs have been bred to avoid unexpected flavors, many DRHGCs are still rich in proteins and polysaccharides. This can make tannin extraction difficult and produce wines with little astringency. In addition to this, new or alternative winemaking techniques such as thermovinification and the use of alternative yeast strains (non‐Saccharomyces) can be used to produce wines from DRHGCs that are acceptable to consumers.
Squalene encapsulation by emulsification and freeze‐drying process: Effects on bread fortification
Authors: Sponton Osvaldo E. , Perez Adrián A. , Osella Carlos , Cuffia Facundo , Fenoglio Cecilia , Piagentini Andrea , Santiago Liliana G.
Published: April 2023

In the present work, squalene (SQ) was encapsulated by a conventional emulsion method using egg white protein nanoparticles (EWPn) as a high molecular weight surfactant, followed by a freeze‐drying process to obtain an SQ powder ingredient. EWPn was produced by heat treatment at 85°C, 10 min, and pH 10.5. EWPn showed higher emulsifying activity regarding native egg white protein (EWP), highlighting their potential to be used for the SQ encapsulation by an emulsification process. First, we explored the encapsulation conditions using pure corn oil as an SQ carrier. Conditions were oil fraction (0.1–0.2), protein amount (2–5 wt.%), homogenization pressure (100 and 200 bar), and maltodextrin amount (10–20 wt.%). At 0.15 oil fraction, 5 wt.%. protein concentration, 200 bar homogenization pressure, and 20% maltodextrin, the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) was reached. Then, according to these conditions, SQ was encapsulated to obtain a freeze‐dried powder ingredient for bread formulation. The total and free oil of SQ freeze‐dried powder were 24.4% ± 0.6% and 2.6% ± 0.1%, respectively, resulting in an EE value of 89.5% ± 0.5%. The physical, textural, and sensory properties of functional bread were not affected by the addition of 5.0% SQ freeze‐dried powder. Finally, the bread loaves showed higher SQ stability than the one formulated with unencapsulated SQ. Hence, the encapsulation system developed was suitable for obtaining functional bread based on SQ fortification.
2022 consensus conference on diversity, equity, and inclusion: Developing an emergency medicine research agenda for addressing racism through health care research
Authors: Davis Joshua , Sanchez Leon D. , Jarman Angela F. , Macias‐Konstantopoulos Wendy , Newberry Jennifer , Patel Shama , Hess Erik , Burner Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Racism in emergency medicine (EM) health care research is pervasive but often underrecognized. To understand the current state of research on racism in EM health care research, we developed a consensus working group on this topic, which concluded a year of work with a consensus‐building session as part of the overall Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) consensus conference on diversity, equity, and inclusion: “Developing a Research Agenda for Addressing Racism in Emergency Medicine,” held on May 10, 2022. In this article, we report the development, details of preconference methods and preliminary results, and the final consensus of the Healthcare Research Working Group. Preconference work based on literature review and expert opinion identified 13 potential priority research questions that were refined through an iterative process to a list of 10. During the conference, the subgroup used consensus methodology and a “consensus dollar” (contingent valuation) approach to prioritize research questions. The subgroup identified three research gaps: remedies for racial bias and systematic racism, biases and heuristics in clinical care, and racism in study design, and we derived a list of six high‐priority research questions for our specialty.
The switching process from buprenorphine sublingual tablets to the monthly buprenorphine subcutaneous depot injection in opioid dependent patients
Authors: Guillery Stephanie Paula Elisabeth , Reiners Sven , Fahrner Marius , Enge Sören , Hellweg Rainer , Kunte Hagen , Kronenberg Golo
Published: April 2023

The 2018 European Union (EU) approved weekly and monthly subcutaneous buprenorphine depot injection (BUP‐XR), for opioid substitution medication proved to offer some specific treatment benefits. The present study examines the process of switching from buprenorphine sublingual tablets (BUP‐SL) to BUP‐XR from a patient's point of view. In total, nine patients were surveyed by means of an open‐answer questionnaire regarding course and side effects of the medication switch. Six of these patients were surveyed in more detail under BUP‐SL, as well as 4 and 16 weeks after the switch to BUP‐XR by means of a test battery of questions on socio‐demography, withdrawal symptoms, craving, physical well‐being, treatment satisfaction and concomitant use of illegal substances. Patients reported significant worse physical well‐being and lower treatment satisfaction in 4 weeks compared with 16 weeks after the medication switch to the BUP‐XR. Furthermore, they reported significant more frequent co‐use of illicit drugs, worse physical well‐being, lower treatment satisfaction and more craving experience 4 weeks after the switch compared with the treatment under BUP‐SL. Patients 16 weeks under BUP‐XR reported significant more illicit co‐use and lower treatment satisfaction compared with patients under BUP‐SL. Connections between therapy dissatisfaction, physical discomfort, experienced craving and drug co‐consumption were discovered. In the first weeks after the medication switch, patients experience potentially distressing symptoms, which, however, seem to diminish over time. Close supervision and comprehensive patient education on possible burdens of the medication switch to the BUP‐XR might prevent unfavourable treatment courses and premature therapy dropouts.
Non‐invasive diagnosis of alcohol‐related steatohepatitis in patients ongoing alcohol withdrawal based on cytokeratin 18 and transient elastography
Authors: Chalin Arnaud , Turlin Bruno , Ousmen Ahmad , Michalak Sophie , Mueller Johannes , Mueller Sebastian , Legros Ludivine , Bardou‐Jacquet Edouard , Viel Jean François , Samson Michel , Moirand Romain
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

The diagnosis of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is based on liver biopsy, which is costly and invasive with non‐negligible morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of circulating cytokeratin 18 M65 fragment (K18‐M65) alone or in association with other markers for the non‐invasive diagnosis of ASH in patients ongoing alcohol withdrawal.

Methods

This study examined the serum level of K18‐M65 in a test cohort of 196 patients. All patients underwent liver biopsy, transient elastography (TE) and serum collection. The diagnostic accuracy of K18‐M65 alone or combined with clinico‐biological data was assessed and the best defined cut‐offs were validated in an independent validation cohort of 58 patients.

Results

K18‐M65 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (test cohort) and 0.90 (validation cohort). Using two cut‐off decision points, K18‐M65 was able to classify 46.9% (test cohort) and 34.5% (validation cohort) of patients with 95% sensitivity or specificity. Combining K18‐M65, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, TE, body mass index, and age, we created a score allowing accurate diagnosis of ASH with an AUC of 0.93 (test cohort) and 0.94 (validation cohort). This new score was able to rule out or rule in the diagnosis of steatohepatitis for probability ≤0.135 or ≥0.667 respectively in more than two‐thirds of patients.

Conclusions

We propose a new validated non‐invasive score for the diagnosis of ASH in patients ongoing alcohol withdrawal. This score can help to identify patients that may benefit from potential therapeutics or motivate them to reduce alcohol consumption.
Patients with elderly onset inflammatory bowel disease have a decreased chance of initiation of all types of medications and increased risk of surgeries—A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nørgård Bente Mertz , Zegers Floor Dijkstra , Knudsen Torben , Kjeldsen Jens , Lund Ken , Brodersen Jacob Broder , Nielsen Jan
Published: April 2023

Objective

In patients with elderly (≥60 years) onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we studied initiation of medications, drug persistency and surgeries.

Design

A nationwide cohort study based on Danish registries, comprising incident IBD patients ≥18 years from 1995 to 2020 (N = 69,039). Patients were divided into elderly (N = 19,187) and adult onset (N = 49,852). Outcomes were initiation of thiopurines, 5‐ASA, biologics and corticosteroids within 1 and 5 years after diagnosis, and for those who initiated medications, we estimated drug persistency. Surgeries were examined within 1 and 5 years. We used regression models controlling for covariates.

Results

In elderly patients, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for initiating thiopurines, 5‐ASA and biologics within 1 year were 0.44 (95% CI 0.42–0.47), 0.77 (95% CI 0.75–0.79) and 0.29 (95% CI 0.26–0.31) respectively. The results were similar within 5 years. In elderly patients, drug persistency for thiopurines, 5‐ASA and biologics was not impaired within 5 years. The aHR of stopping steroids within 1 and 5 years were 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.84) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.74–0.80) respectively. The risk of surgeries was increased in the elderly patients (in ulcerative colitis, within 5 years, aHR 1.39 [95% CI 1.27–1.52], and in Crohn's disease 1.13 [95% CI 1.04–1.23]).

Conclusion

We found significantly low chance of initiation of IBD medications in elderly patients, the reason may not be due to mild disease course. In elderly patients, drug persistency was comparable to adults. Clinicians should carefully consider whether they underuse IBD‐specific medications in elderly patients, and special attention should be applied to timely discontinuation of corticosteroids.
Systematics and biogeography of the Old World fern genus Antrophyum
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Wei , Lindsay Stuart , Nitta Joel , Rouhan Germinal , Sundue Michael , Perrie Leon R. , Huang Yao‐Moan , Chiou Wen‐Liang , Chung Kuo‐Fang
Published: April 2023

Antrophyum is one of the largest genera of vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae) and is most diverse in tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands, but also occurs in temperate Asia, Australia, tropical Africa and the Malagasy region. The only monographic study of Antrophyum was published more than a century ago and a modern assessment of its diversity is lacking. Here, we reconstructed a comprehensively sampled and robustly supported phylogeny for the genus based on four chloroplast markers using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses. We then explored the evolution of the genus from the perspectives of morphology, systematics and historical biogeography. We investigated nine critical morphological characters using a morphometric approach and reconstructed their evolution on the phylogeny. We describe four new species and provide new insight into species delimitation. We currently recognize 34 species for the genus and provide a key to identify them. The results of biogeographical analysis suggest that the distribution of extant species is largely shaped by both ancient and recent dispersal events.
When Gestures Do or Do Not Follow Language‐Specific Patterns of Motion Expression in Speech: Evidence from Chinese, English and Turkish
Authors: Tütüncü Irmak Su , Paul Jing , Emerson Samantha N. , Şengül Murat , Knezevic Melanie , Özçalışkan Şeyda
Published: April 2023

Speakers of different languages (e.g., English vs. Turkish) show a binary split in how they package and order components of a motion event in speech and co‐speech gesture but not in silent gesture. In this study, we focused on Mandarin Chinese, a language that does not follow the binary split in its expression of motion in speech, and asked whether adult Chinese speakers would follow the language‐specific speech patterns in co‐speech but not silent gesture, thus showing a pattern akin to Turkish and English adult speakers in their description of animated motion events. Our results provided evidence for this pattern, with Chinese—as well as English and Turkish—speakers following language‐specific patterns in speech and co‐speech gesture but not in silent gesture. Our results provide support for the “thinking‐for‐speaking” account, namely that language influences thought only during online, but not offline, production of speech.
Ex‐situ graft reduction (H67) during hypothermic oxygenated perfusion to prevent large‐for‐size syndrome in liver transplantation—A technical report
Authors: Muller Xavier , Rossignol Guillaume , Mohkam Kayvan , Mabrut Jean‐Yves
Published: April 2023

In this report, we discuss several technical and anatomical details of ex‐situ H67 reduction of liver grafts during hypothermic oxygenated perfusion to prevent large‐for‐size syndrome in the case of anthropometric graft‐recipient mismatch.
Comparison of two doses of intrathecal morphine in laparoscopic donor hepatectomy: A randomized double‐blinded non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Kang RyungA , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Kim Jong Man , Gwak Mi Sook , Lee Sangmin Maria , Kim Gaab Soo , Kim Ah Hyun , Ko Justin Sangwook
Published: April 2023

Background

Intrathecal morphine (ITM) injection is an effective postoperative analgesic strategy in open or laparoscopic donor hepatectomy; however, the optimal dose has not been determined. In this trial, we compared the post‐operative analgesic effects of two doses (300 vs. 400 μg) of ITM injections.

Methods

In this prospective randomized non‐inferiority trial, 56 donors were divided into either the 300 μg or 400 μg ITM group (n = 28, each). The primary outcome was the resting pain score at 24 h postoperatively. Pain scores, cumulative opioid consumption, and side effects (postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV]) were compared up to 48 h postoperatively.

Results

Fifty‐five donors participated in the entire study. The mean resting pain scores at 24 h after surgery were 1.7 ± 1.6 and 1.7 ± 1.1 in the ITM 300 and ITM 400 groups, respectively (mean difference, 0 [95% CI, −.8 to .7], p = .978). The upper limit of the 95% CI was lower than the prespecified non‐inferiority margin (δ = 1), indicating that non‐inferiority had been established. The incidence of PONV was lower in the ITM 300 group than in the ITM 400 group at 18 (p = .035) and 24 h postoperatively (p = .015). There were no significant differences in the resting and coughing pain scores and cumulative opioid consumption at any time point.

Conclusion

For laparoscopic donor hepatectomy, preoperative ITM 300 μg exhibited non‐inferior postoperative analgesic effects compared to ITM 400 μg, with a lower incidence of PONV.
Prevalence of different echocardiographic abnormalities in a large Turkish workers population
Authors: Baytugan Nart Zafer , Kandemir Hasan Caglayan
Published: April 2023

Objective: We aimed to investigate the echocardiographic characteristics of workers with resting major electrocardiography (ECG) anomalies and risk factors of sudden cardiac death in the large Turkish workers population in different heavy industry sectors.

Methods: Between April 2016 and January 2020, 8668 consecutive ECGs were obtained and interpreted during health examinations of working in İstanbul, Turkey. ECGs were classified as major, minor anomaly, and normal according to the Minnesota code criteria. The workers with major anomaly on ECGs, recurrent syncope attacks, and family history (FH) of sudden or inexplicably death under the age of 50 and with a positive FH of cardiomyopathy were also referred to further transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination.

Results: The mean age of the workers was 30.47 ± 9.4 years, most of them were male (97.1%) and under the age of 30 (54.2%). Major ECG changes were detected in 4.6%, and minor anomalies were 28.3%. A total of 663 workers were referred to our cardiology clinic for advanced TTE examination, but only 578 (87.17% of the selected) attended the appointment. Four hundred and sixty‐seven (80.7%) echocardiography examinations were within normal limits. Echocardiographic imaging revealed abnormal findings in 98 cases (25.7%) in the ECG abnormalities group, three (4.4%) in the syncope group, and 10 (7.6%) in the positive FH group (p < .001).

Conclusions: This work demonstrated the ECG findings and echocardiographic features of a large sample of Turkish workers from high‐risk employment sectors. This is the first study conducted in Turkey on this subject.
Bicuspid aortic valve caused subaortic stenosis with bulging of valve calcification through subaortic area in a young patient
Authors: Acar Burak , Cakir Ozgur , Dogan Abdullah , Omay Oguz , Sahin Tayfun , Yavuz Şadan , Türköz Rıza
Published: April 2023

Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital cause for the development of aortic valve calcification and stenosis. Calcification cause valvular stenosis or valvular insufficiency due to coaptation failure. We report a unique case of calcification of bicuspid valve was extending to left ventricular outflow tract and attached to interventricular septum which caused subvalvular stenosis.
The transmission of euro area monetary policy to financially euroized countries
Authors: Moder Isabella
Published: April 2023

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the interest rate pass‐through of euro area monetary policy to retail rates outside the euro area, contributing to the literature on the consequences of unofficial financial euroization and on the transmission channels of monetary policy spillovers. The results suggest that in the long run, more than the one‐third of all euro retail rates in euroized countries of central, eastern, and south‐eastern Europe is linked to the euro area shadow rate. Compared with euro area monetary policy, the share of cointegration of the domestic monetary policy rate is on average lower, suggesting that domestic central banks in euroized countries with independent monetary policy can only partially control the “euro part” of the interest rate channel. Furthermore, euro area monetary policy shocks are fast and persistently transmitted into euro retail rates outside the euro area, which constitutes an additional channel of international shock transmission.
Rapid evolutionary trade‐offs between resistance to herbivory and tolerance to abiotic stress in an invasive plant
Authors: Yin Wandong , Zhou Lifeng , Yang Kaiwen , Fang Jinyu , Biere Arjen , Callaway Ragan M. , Wu Mingke , Yu Hongwei , Shi Yu , Ding Jianqing
Published: April 2023

Release from enemies can lead to rapid evolution in invasive plants, including reduced metabolic investment in defence. Conversely, reassociation with enemies leads to renewed evolution of defence, but the potential costs of this evolution are poorly documented. We report increased resistance of the invader Ambrosia artemisiifolia after reassociation with a coevolved specialist herbivore, and that this increase corresponds with reduced abiotic stress tolerance. Herbivore resistance was higher, but drought tolerance was lower in plants from populations with a longer reassociation history, and this corresponded with changes in phenylpropanoids involved in insect resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. These changes were corroborated by shifts in the expression of underlying biosynthetic genes and plant anti‐oxidants. Together, our findings suggest rapid evolution of plant traits after reassociation with coevolved enemies, resulting in genetically based shifts in investment between abiotic and biotic stress responses, providing insights into co‐evolution, plant invasion and biological control.
A synopsis of wearable commercially available biometric‐monitoring devices and their potential applications during gallop racing
Authors: Kee Phoebe , Anderson Neil , Gargiulo Gaetano D. , Velie Brandon D.
Published: April 2023

Amidst discourse surrounding the racing industry's social licence to operate, the welfare of racehorses and jockeys is often at the forefront of discussions. Specifically, catastrophic events and the sudden death of horses on race days tend to capture media attention and often place the racing industry under public scrutiny. While such occurrences are not frequent, they have negative ramifications on the welfare of both racehorses and jockeys. The development and application of advanced monitoring technology could provide greater insight into the physiological precursors that immediately precede sudden death on race days and enable retrospective analyses of catastrophic events that take place. Most importantly, the application of such technology could ultimately aid racetrack personnel in identifying and intervening with horses at increased risk of catastrophic events, right up until the start of a race. This would inevitably improve the safety and welfare of horses and jockeys. Thus, the current review details key cardiovascular, respiratory and thermometry biometrics for racehorses and examines the currently available commercial devices with potential applications during racing. This review also highlights the importance of gathering biometric data for retrospective analyses of catastrophic events and their implications on the welfare of racehorses and jockeys.
Use of the Tilburg frailty indicator in longitudinal studies with older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Lee JuHee , Kim Gwang Suk , Kim Sanghee , Park Jeongok , Lee Hyeonkyeong , Shim Mi‐So , Ryu Gi Wook , Park Jungah , Yoo Jee‐Hye
Published: April 2023

Aim

To understand how researchers applied the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) to older adults. The use of the TFI was examined based on the Integral Conceptual Model of Frailty (ICMF).

Design

A scoping review.

Data Sources

A database search was conducted without a time limit in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and the Cochrane library. A hand search was also conducted.

Review Methods

Research questions were developed based on the population‐concept‐context framework suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2017). Studies were included if topics were related to the use of the TFI or ICMF and designs were longitudinal studies.

Results

A total of 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were reviewed according to the tested pathways of the ICMF: determinants of frailty or adverse outcomes, adverse outcomes of frailty and comparison of predictive power between frailty measures.

Conclusion

The TFI is a useful tool to screen for frailty and predict health outcomes in older adults. Among the pathways of the ICMF, relationships between social factors and frailty were reported in several studies. Despite this relationship, social factors were considered as items to assess the social domain of frailty rather than determinants of frailty. The predictive power of the TFI was not superior to other frailty measures, but it had a high sensitivity.

Impact

This study demonstrates the usability of the TFI in older adults living in various conditions. Further studies are required to identify more effective ways to screen frailty using the TFI.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement in this study.
The End of an Era for Foreign Lobbying? The Emergence of Foreign Transparency Laws in Washington, Canberra and Brussels
Authors: Korkea‐aho Emilia
Published: April 2023

The lobbying of other countries' political and legal elites has emerged as a security risk globally. The securitization of foreign lobbying has prompted the adoption of specialized legal regimes, that is, foreign transparency laws, to enable the scrutiny of how foreign actors lobby. This article analyzes and compares such laws in the United States, Australia and the European Union (EU) with respect to three issues: (1) the definition of a foreign actor, (2) the definition of a type of foreign lobbying and (3) the definition of a protected normative good. While the impetus to legislative reform has often rested on a concern with authoritarian governments, the foreign transparency laws capture diverse kinds of foreign influence activities and actors. They may thus catch in their nets actors or types of influence never intended to be caught in the first place. This has particularly significant implications for the EU as a polity and foreign policy actor.
Multifunctional anatomical prototypes (MAPs): Treatment of excessive gingival display due to altered passive eruption
Authors: Pedrinaci Ignacio , Calatrava Javier , Flores Juan , Hamilton Adam , Gallucci German O. , Sanz Mariano
Published: April 2023

Objective

To describe a strategy using digital technologies for improving the diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical execution of patients with excessive gingival display (EGD) due to altered passive eruption (APE).

Clinical Considerations

An important component for successful patient's management is to fulfill their esthetic expectations whilst delivering predictable and long‐term therapeutic outcomes. To achieve this goal in patients with excessive gingival display due to altered passive eruption, it is essential to perform an accurate diagnosis and to communicate to the patient the expected customized results using digital technologies. Computer‐aided designed and manufactured multifunctional anatomical prototypes (MAPs) may contribute to these purposes. Additionally, they can guide the surgical crown lengthening procedure or serve as a reference during the surgical guide fabrication providing information of the required anatomical landmarks.

Conclusions

This novel strategy protocol for diagnosis, communication, and treatment management of patients with excessive gingival display follows functional and biological principles within the frame of a digital workflow, which improves the diagnostic capabilities, enhances communication, and guides the surgical treatment as shown in the 12 months follow‐up of the reported case.

Clinical Significance

Developing a virtual patient by combining multiple digital data sets including cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), intra‐oral scans and digital photography, supports the clinician and the patient to achieve a comprehensive diagnosis and to better communicate the expected results to the patient. Furthermore, this digital treatment exercise based on anatomical and biological principles will facilitate the surgical precision and the achievement of successful outcomes, thus fulfilling the patient needs and expectations.
Characteristics of the esophageal microbiome in patients with achalasia and its changes before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy: A pilot study
Authors: Yeh Chia‐Chu , Chen Chieh‐Chang , Chen Chien‐Chuan , Han Ming‐Lun , Wu Jia‐Feng , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Tseng Ping‐Huei
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim

Achalasia often presents with chronic food stasis and fermentation in the esophageal lumen, which may lead to alterations of the esophageal microbiome, with associated mucosal inflammation and dysplastic changes. The study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the esophageal microbiome in achalasia and changes of the esophageal microbiome before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).

Methods

This is a prospective case–control study. This study enrolled patients with achalasia and asymptomatic subjects as control group. Endoscopic brushing for esophageal microbiome collection was performed in all subjects, with additional follow‐up endoscopy and brushing 3 months after POEM in achalasia patients. The composition of the esophageal microbiome was determined and compared between (1) achalasia patients and asymptomatic controls and (2) achalasia patients before and after POEM.

Results

Thirty‐one achalasia patients (mean age 53.5 ± 16.2 years; male 45.2%) and 15 controls were analyzed. We observed a distinct esophageal microbial community structure in achalasia patients, with increased Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria when compared with the control group at the phylum level. The discriminating enriched genera in achalasia patients were Lactobacillus, followed by Megasphaera and Bacteroides, and the amount of Lactobacillus was associated with the severity of achalasia. Twenty patients were re‐examined after POEM, and a high prevalence of erosive esophagitis (55%) was noted, alongside an increase in genus Neisseria and decrease in Lactobacillus and Bacteroides.

Conclusions

The altered esophageal microenvironment in achalasia leads to dysbiosis with a high abundance of genus Lactobacillus. Increased Neisseria and decreased Lactobacillus were observed after POEM. The long‐term effect of microbial changes warrants further study.