bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN METODE OUTBOUND TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERSOSIALISASI ANAK PADA PAUD INSAN RABBANI
Authors: Sarifah Sarifah , Agusriani Ade , Tahir M. Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan bersosialisasi anak setelah penerapan metode outbound. Adapun rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana metode outbound diterapkan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan bersosialisasi anak?. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research). Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian inia adalah 12 orang anak. Data penelitian tindakan kelas ini dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi menggunakan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan dua Siklus yaitu Siklus I dan Siklus II yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, Pengamatan/observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada pra tindakan menunjukan bahwa rata-rata presentase kemampuan bersosialiasi anak berada pada kriteria kurang yaitu 75%, setelah itu dilakukan tindakan pada Siklus I sehingga terjadilah peningkatan kemampuan bersosialissasi  dari rata-rata presentase 0%  anak yang memiliki kemampuan bersosialisasi dengan kriteria baik meningkat menjadi rata-rata presentase 16,67% anak, namun pada Siklus I belum sampai hasil pada kriteria keberhasilan sehingga dilakukan tindakan pada Siklus II Dan mengalami peningkatan rata-rata presentase menjadi 83,33%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan bersosialisasi anak dari Siklus I hingga Siklus II. Jadi penerapan metode outbound dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bersosialisasi anak pada PAUD Insan Rabbani Desa Soki Kecamatan Belo Kabupaten Bima.
menumbuhkan jiwa nasionalisme anak usia dini melalui kegiatan bermain dengan media lapbook
Authors: Handayani Dewie Hartati , Suryani Lilis
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencermati upaya menumbuhkan jiwa nasionalisme anak usia dini melalui kegiatan bermain dengan menggunakan media lapbook. Penelitian dilakukan di Homeschooling Adiba Palembang, selama kurun waktu 3 bulan, yakni bulan September- Desember 2023. Berdasarkan jenisnya, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskritif. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui tiga model, yakni wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh memiliki keabsahan dan memiliki derajad kepercayaan, maka peneliti  menggunakan dua teknik, yakni ketekunan pengamatan dan trianggulasi data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode Miles and Huberman yang terdiri dari tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan bermain menggunakan media lapbook dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk menumbuhkan jiwa nasionalisme anak usia dini. Hal tersebut diantaranya tercermin dari sikap kemandirian, toleransi, saling menghargai, budaya antri, serta perasaan menjadi bagian dari sejarah keindonesiaan.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Anita Wa , Lessy Djaffar
Published: June 2024

This research is motivated by the monotony of the teacher's use of the lecture method in learning which has an impact on low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in student learning outcomes through the application of problem-based learning models in science subjects. This research is a class action research. The subjects of this study were 25 class VIII students of SMP Negeri 23 Ambon. The results showed that the learning outcomes of students in the material of the human excretory system after the problem based learning model was applied in cycle I there were 10 students (40%) who completed while those who did not complete were 15 people (60%), in cycle II there were 23 people (92%) who completed while those who did not complete were 2 people (8%). The results of this study indicate that the application of the problem based learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class VIII students in the subject of the human excretory system at SMP Negeri 23 Ambon.
TTN novel splice variant in familial dilated cardiomyopathy and splice variants review: a case report
Authors: León Paul , Franco Paula , Hinojosa Nicole , Torres Kevin , Moreano Andrés , Romero Vanessa I.
Published: June 2024

This case report details the identification of a novel likely pathogenic splicing variant in the TTN gene, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), in a 42-year-old male patient presenting with early-onset heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. DCM is a nonischemic heart condition characterized by left biventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction, with approximately one-third of cases being familial and often linked to genetic mutations. The TTN gene, encoding the largest human protein essential for muscle contraction and sarcomere structure, is implicated in about 25% of DCM cases through mutations, especially truncating variants. Our investigation revealed a previously unreported G > C mutation at the splice acceptor site in intron 356 of TTN, confirmed by Sanger sequencing and not found in population databases, suggesting a novel contribution to the understanding of DCM etiology. The case emphasizes the critical role of the TTN gene in cardiac function and the genetic complexity underlying DCM. A comprehensive literature review highlighted the prevalence and significance of splice variants in the TTN gene, particularly those affecting the titin A-band, which is known for its role in muscle contraction and stability. This variant's identification underscores the importance of genetic screening in patients with DCM, offering insights into the disease's familial transmission and potential therapeutic targets. Our findings contribute to the expanding knowledge of genetic factors in DCM, demonstrating the necessity of integrating genetic diagnostics in cardiovascular medicine. This case supports the growing evidence linking splicing mutations in specific regions of the TTN gene to DCM development and underscores the importance of genetic counseling and testing in managing heart disease.
Quantitative characterization of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) fracturing effects in naturally fractured unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Ren Long , Dou Mengyuan , Dong Xiaowei , Chen Bo , Zhang Ling , Sun Jian , Jing Cheng , Zhang Wugang , Zhou Desheng , Li Haiyan
Published: June 2024

Stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) fracturing has become the most efficient technology in the treatment of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir formations. This process aims to optimize well productivity by establishing an intricate network of fractures that integrate hydraulic and natural fractures, distal to the wellbore, thereby amplifying the contact area with the subterranean formations and fracture systems. This study introduces a quantitative framework designed to characterize the fracturing effects within naturally fractured unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Leveraging existing fracturing treatment designs and production performance data, the study formulates a mathematical model of the complex fracture network, predicated on the principle of material balance. The model comprehensively accounts for the development degree of natural fractures, the morphological impact of stress differentials on the fracture network, and the imbibition displacement effects of the fracturing fluids. The model’s accuracy is verified through an integration with microseismic monitoring data and an enhanced understanding of reservoir development. Building upon this foundation, the study quantitatively dissects the impact of various engineering parameters on the efficacy of SRV fracturing. The proposed quantitative characterization method is adept for widespread application across multiple wells in oil and gas fields, offering a distinct advantage for the swift and precise assessment of SRV fracturing outcomes in naturally fractured unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. The research method, which is based on readily accessible fracturing construction data and is more convenient, can to a certain extent improve the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing evaluation work.
Analysis of factors influencing carbon emissions in the evolution of road electrification in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chen Junshi , Zhan Ziyi , Wang Liyong , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2024

In this article, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the transportation sector during the evolution of electrification in Beijing. We also considered the impact of indirect carbon emissions caused by carbon emissions from public and private cars and electricity consumption on overall carbon emissions. Based on the LMDI decomposition theory, nine influencing factors are separated, including development level, energy intensity, vehicle structure, number of private cars, and private transportation energy consumption. The analysis results show that, from 2010 to 2021, the carbon emissions from transportation in Beijing increased from 922.98 × 104t to 1490.6 × 104t. The private road carbon emission accounts for about 77.97%, and has become a decisive factor affecting road carbon emissions. In the public domain the contribution values of the development level and energy intensity are 25.20% and −38.71%, respectively. And they are the two most critical factors affecting carbon emissions on public road carbon emissions. In the private domain, the contribution values of the number of private cars, energy consumption of private transportation, and vehicle structure are 60.17%, 47.86%, and −12.99%, respectively. They are the three key factors affecting the private road carbon emissions. There is a significant difference in the proportion of indirect carbon emissions from electricity in the public and private domain. Indirect carbon emissions from electricity account for about 13.6% of road carbon emissions in the public sector, and about 0.9% in the private sector. The results in this paper provide useful references for decision-making in the adjustment of transportation energy structure and the promotion of electrified transportation in Beijing and other cities.
Evolution of long-term ecological security pattern of island city and its influencing factors—a case study in Pingtan Island
Authors: Wu Binsheng , Dai Kunli , Liu Chunqing , Chen Jingru
Published: June 2024

Introduction: As the global urbanization process accelerates, the contradiction between economic development demands and ecological protection becomes increasingly prominent.

Methods: In this study, we simulated the evolution of the ecological security pattern (ESP) of Pingtan Island from 2000 to 2020 by extracting the ecological sources using Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), and identifying the ecological corridors and key nodes by combining with Linkage Mapping (LM) and Circuit Theory. In addition, Geodetector was utilized to identify these major determinants affecting RSEI.

Results: The results showed 1) From 2000 to 2020, the ecological environmental quality (EEQ) of Pingtan Island continued to improve, and the mean value of RSEI gradually increased from 0.47 to 0.51. 2) Univariate analysis showed that elevation and slope were the most significant factors affecting the spatial variability of the RSEI, with the interaction between slope and proportion of built-up area having a significant effect on EEQ. 3) The number and extent of ecological sources were expanded year by year with significant spatial variability. At the same time, the number and range of ecological corridors also underwent phase adjustment. 4) Further exploration of ESP of Pingtan Island in 2020 identified 32 ecological pinch points (EPPs) and 52 ecological barrier points (EBPs), which were mainly located within or near the ecological corridors, indicating key areas for future ecological restoration efforts.

Discussion: These insights help to enhance urban spatial planning and ecosystem restoration on Pingtan Island and provide a blueprint for ESP development in comparable island urban environments.
Individualized neoantigen peptide immunization of a metastatic pancreatic cancer patient: a case report of combined tumor and liquid biopsy
Authors: Roehnisch Tim , Martos-Contreras Mari Carmen , Manoochehri Mehdi , Nogueira Mauro , Bremm Franziska , Dörrie Jan , Christoph Jan , Kunz Meik , Schönharting Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

This report details a case of pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis that exhibited a positive immune response to personalized immunization therapy. Our study involved the identification of neoantigens and their corresponding immunogenic peptides using an in-house bioinformatic pipeline. This process included the identification of somatic mutations through DNA/RNA sequencing of solid tumor tissue and blood liquid biopsy. Computational prediction techniques were then employed to identify novel epitopes, followed by the design and manufacture of patient-specific immunization peptides. In combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy, the patient received a sequence of 5 biweekly prime injections followed by 2 boost injections 2 and 5 months later. The peptides were emulsified in Montanide and the injection-site was conditioned with nivolumab and imiquimod. The combined regimen of peptide immunization and chemotherapy resulted in a notable decline in CA19-9 tumor marker levels following both prime and boost applications. Subsequent MRI assessments revealed a reduction in the size of liver metastases several months post-immunization initiation. Importantly, the patient showed and improved overall survival and reported an improved quality of life without experiencing significant treatment-related adverse effects. This case underscores the potential benefits of personalized peptide-based immunization as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, showcasing promising outcomes in tumor marker reduction, tumor shrinkage, and enhanced patient well-being.
The function of the complement system remains fully intact throughout the course of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Fageräng Beatrice , Cyranka Leon , Schjalm Camilla , McAdam Karin Ekholt , Larsen Carina Sandem , Heinzelbecker Julia , Gedde-Dahl Tobias , Würzner Reinhard , Espevik Terje , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland , Garred Peter , Barratt-Due Andreas , Tvedt Tor Henrik Anderson , Mollnes Tom Eirik
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with immune complications and endothelial dysfunction due to intricate donor-recipient interactions, conditioning regimens, and inflammatory responses.

Methods

This study investigated the role of the complement system during HSCT and its interaction with the cytokine network. Seventeen acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing HSCT were monitored, including blood sampling from the start of the conditioning regimen until four weeks post-transplant. Clinical follow-up was 200 days.

Results

Total complement functional activity was measured by WIELISA and the degree of complement activation by ELISA measurement of sC5b-9. Cytokine release was measured using a 27-multiplex immuno-assay. At all time-points during HSCT complement functional activity remained comparable to healthy controls. Complement activation was continuously stable except for two patients demonstrating increased activation, consistent with severe endotheliopathy and infections. In vitro experiments with post-HSCT whole blood challenged with Escherichia coli, revealed a hyperinflammatory cytokine response with increased TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 formation. Complement C3 inhibition markedly reduced the cytokine response induced by Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and cholesterol crystals.

Discussion

In conclusion, HSCT patients generally retained a fully functional complement system, whereas activation occurred in patients with severe complications. The complement-cytokine interaction indicates the potential for new complement-targeting therapeutic strategies in HSCT.
Lactococcus G423 improve growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers through modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Wang Mi , Ma Wei , Wang Chunqiang , Li Desheng
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore whether Lactococcus G423 could improve growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. A total of 640 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups [Control (CON), Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX]. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast muscle, thigh muscle, and abdominal fat pad were removed and weighed at 42 days of age. Serum was obtained by centrifuging blood sample from jugular vein (10 mL) for determining high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) using ELISA. The ileal contents were harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for 16S rRNA and LC–MS analyses. Then, the results of 16S rRNA analysis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared with the CON group, FCR significantly decreased in the Lac_H group (p < 0.05) in 1–21 days; ADG significantly increased and FCR significantly decreased in the Lac_H group (p < 0.05) in 22–42 days. 42 days weight body and ADG significantly increased in the Lac_H group (p < 0.05) in 42 days. Abdominal fat percentage was significantly decreased by Lactococcus G423 (p < 0.05), the high dose of Lactococcus G423 significantly decreased the serum of TG, TC, and LDL level (p < 0.05), and the low dose of Lactococcus G423 significantly decreased the serum of TG and TC level (p < 0.05). A significant difference in microbial diversity was found among the four groups. Compared with the CON group, the abundance rates of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in the Lac_H group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The global and overview maps and membrane transport in the Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX groups significantly changed versus those in the CON group (p < 0.05). The results of LC–MS demonstrated that Lactococcus could significantly improve the levels of some metabolites (6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide, 9,10-DiHOME, N-Acetyl-l-phenylalanine, and kynurenine), and these metabolites were involved in four metabolic pathways. Among them, the pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions significantly changed (p < 0.05). Lactococcus G423 could ameliorate growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites.
Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for icariin and its metabolites in mouse urine
Authors: Li Na , Yuan Mei , Che Jinjing
Published: June 2024

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was utilized to develop a technique for the simultaneous quantification of icariin and its primary metabolites in mouse urine. The levels of icariin, icariside Ⅰ, icariside Ⅱ, baohuoside Ⅱ, wushanicaritin, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin in mouse urine were analyzed subsequent to the oral administration of an icariin suspension. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the excretion profile of icariin in mice. Using an aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid (A) and an acetonitrile solution containing 0.1% formic acid (B) as the mobile phases, icariin and its major metabolites demonstrated satisfactory linearity over the concentration range of 0.25–800 ng·mL−1. The precision and accuracy of intra-day and inter-day measurements were all found to be within 15%. Seventy-two hours after the intragastric administration of icariin suspension to a mouse, the cumulative urinary excretion of icariin, icariside Ⅰ, icariside Ⅱ, baohuoside Ⅱ, wushanicaritin, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin was quantified as 13.48, 18.70, 2,627.51, 2.04, 10.04, 3,420.44, and 735.13 ng, respectively. The UPLC-MS/MS method developed in this research is characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, and speed, making it well-suited for the concurrent quantification of icariin and its associated metabolites in urine. Additionally, it is appropriate for analyzing urine samples that may contain multiple drugs in future investigations.
Caffeine regulates both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation via the AKT, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways
Authors: Miao Yue , Zhao Lei , Lei Shuwen , Zhao Chunyan , Wang Qiuping , Tan Chao , Peng Chunxiu , Gong Jiashun
Published: June 2024

Background: Although caffeine generally offers benefits to human health, its impact on bone metabolism remains unclear.

Aim and Methods: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the long-term effects of caffeine administration on osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and ovariectomy-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP).

Results: Our in vitro findings revealed that 3.125 and 12.5 μg/mL caffeine inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, accompanied by the inactivation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor NFATc1. Similarly, 3.125 and 12.5 μg/mL of caffeine modulated MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis via the AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. However, 50 μg/mL of caffeine promoted the phosphorylation of IκBα, P65, JNK, P38, and AKT, followed by the activation of NFATc1 and the inactivation of Runx2 and Osterix, ultimately disrupting the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In vivo studies showed that gavage with 55.44 mg/kg caffeine inhibited osteoclastogenesis, promoted osteogenesis, and ameliorated bone loss in ovariectomized mice.

Conclusion: Conversely, long-term intake of high-dose caffeine (110.88 mg/kg) disrupted osteogenesis activity and promoted osteoclastogenesis, thereby disturbing bone homeostasis. Collectively, these findings suggest that a moderate caffeine intake (approximately 400 mg in humans) can regulate bone homeostasis by influencing both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, long-term high-dose caffeine consumption (approximately 800 mg in humans) could have detrimental effects on the skeletal system.
Genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) and their potential role in floral organ development
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xu Yazhuo , Zhang Zhihua , Zhao Meng , Li Kai , Wang Fanhong , Sun Kun
Published: June 2024

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the Elaeagnaceae family. It is dioecious, featuring distinct structures in female and male flowers. The MADS-box gene family plays a crucial role in flower development and differentiation of floral organs in plants. However, systematic information on the MADS-box family in sea buckthorn is currently lacking. This study presents a genome-wide survey and expression profile of the MADS-box family of sea buckthorn. We identified 92 MADS-box genes in the H. rhamnoides ssp. Sinensis genome. These genes are distributed across 12 chromosomes and classified into Type I (42 genes) and Type II (50 genes). Based on the FPKM values in the transcriptome data, the expression profiles of HrMADS genes in male and female flowers of sea buckthorn showed that most Type II genes had higher expression levels than Type I genes. This suggesting that Type II HrMADS may play a more significant role in sea buckthorn flower development. Using the phylogenetic relationship between sea buckthorn and Arabidopsis thaliana, the ABCDE model genes of sea buckthorn were identified and some ABCDE model-related genes were selected for qRT-PCR analysis in sea buckthorn flowers and floral organs. Four B-type genes may be involved in the identity determination of floral organs in male flowers, and D-type genes may be involved in pistil development. It is hypothesized that ABCDE model genes may play an important role in the identity of sea buckthorn floral organs. This study analyzed the role of MADS-box gene family in the development of flower organs in sea buckthorn, which provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of sex differentiation in sea buckthorn.
Multifaceted insights into the environmental adaptability of Arnebia guttata under drought stress
Authors: Liu Qian , Liu Haolin , Zhang Min , Lv Guoshuai , Zhao Zeyuan , Chen Xingyu , Wei Xinxin , Zhang Chunhong , Li Minhui
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Global warming has led to increased environmental stresses on plants, notably drought. This affects plant distribution and species adaptability, with some medicinal plants showing enhanced drought tolerance and increased medicinal components. In this pioneering study, we delve into the intricate tapestry of Arnebia guttata, a medicinal plant renowned for its resilience in arid environments. By fusing a rich historical narrative with cutting-edge analytical methodologies, this research endeavors to demystify the plant’s intricate response to drought stress, illuminating its profound implications for medicinal valorization.

Methods

The methodology includes a comprehensive textual research and resource investigation of A. guttata, regionalization studies, field sample distribution analysis, transcriptome and metabolome profiling, rhizosphere soil microbiome analysis, and drought stress experiments. Advanced computational tools like ArcGIS, MaxEnt, and various bioinformatics software were utilized for data analysis and modeling.

Results

The study identified significant genetic variations among A. guttata samples from different regions, correlating with environmental factors, particularly precipitation during the warmest quarter (BIO18). Metabolomic analysis revealed marked differences in metabolite profiles, including shikonin content, which is crucial for the plant’s medicinal properties. Soil microbial community analysis showed variations that could impact plant metabolism and stress response. Drought stress experiments demonstrated A. guttata’s resilience and its ability to modulate metabolic pathways to enhance drought tolerance.

Discussion

The findings underscore the complex interplay between genetic makeup, environmental factors, and microbial communities in shaping A. guttata’s adaptability and medicinal value. The study provides insights into how drought stress influences the synthesis of active compounds and suggests that moderate stress could enhance the plant’s medicinal properties. Predictive modeling indicates future suitable growth areas for A. guttata, aiding in resource management and conservation efforts. The research contributes to the sustainable development of medicinal resources and offers strategies for improving the cultivation of A. guttata.
Navigating foster care: how parental drug use and caregiver attitudes shape children’s mentalization processes—an exploratory longitudinal follow-up study: study protocol
Authors: Springer Nadja , Lueger-Schuster Brigitte
Published: June 2024

Background

The current research concept of mentalization is used in the study to clearly identify affective and cognitive abilities of the caregiver-child dyad with the aim of compensating deficits on both sides with psychological-psychotherapeutic strategies.

Methods

The objective of this explorative, longitudinal intervention study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the psycho-social background of 30 children aged 6–12 years living in institutional or family-centered foster care. Data will be collected at three time points: before, after and 12 months after participating in the newly developed group intervention, which intends to address the particular needs of children of drug abusing parents living in foster care in the latency period. The study is conducted at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Vienna in collaboration with the Association “Dialogue” (Verein Dialog). The treatment duration spans 5 months, during which two specifically trained psychotherapists conduct 10 group sessions for children and three group sessions for foster caregivers. All statistical analyses will consider the type of data available. Therefore, the primary outcome of the study will be assessed via the Friedman test due to the ordinal dependent variable as it is the non-parametric alternative to the one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. In addition, the Mann–Whitney U test is used to compare differences between two independent groups (children living in institutional foster care vs. family foster care). To assess potential correlations regarding the child and caregivers’ capacity to mentalize, Spearman correlations (ρ) are conducted. To examine the secondary outcome, apart from the methods previously outlined, we will also utilize qualitative thematic analysis.

Discussion

The present study uses the current research concept of mentalization to identify affective and cognitive abilities of the caregiver-child dyad with the aim of compensating deficits on both sides with psychological-psychotherapeutic strategies. There are some limitations of the study to mention: the small sample size does not allow to generalize the results. Due to the lack of a comparison group, a randomized control study (RCT) was not conducted. The authors are aware of these limitations. However, the studies’ findings, will help to deduce research questions for further studies.
Early social-cognitive development as a dynamic developmental system—a lifeworld approach
Authors: Kärtner Joscha , Köster Moritz
Published: June 2024

Based on developmental systems and dynamic systems theories, we propose the lifeworld approach—a conceptual framework for research and a hypothesis concerning early social-cognitive development. As a framework, the lifeworld approach recognizes the social embeddedness of development and shifts the focus away from individual developmental outcomes toward the reciprocal interplay of processes within and between individuals that co-constitutes early social-cognitive development. As a hypothesis, the lifeworld approach proposes that the changing developmental system—spanning the different individuals as their subsystems—strives toward attractor states through regulation at the behavioral level, which results in both the emergence and further differentiation of developmental attainments. The lifeworld approach—as a framework and a hypothesis, including key methodological approaches to test it—is exemplified by research on infants' self-awareness, prosocial behavior and social learning. Equipped with, first, a conceptual framework grounded in a modern view on development and, second, a growing suite of methodological approaches, developmental science can advance by analyzing the mutually influential relations between intra-individual and interactional processes in order to identify key mechanisms underlying early social-cognitive development.
Prison and forensic mental health staff after suicides in their care. A narrative review of international and German national evidence
Authors: Fontao María Isabel , Bulla Jan , Ross Thomas
Published: June 2024

There is a growing body of international research investigating the impact of patient suicide on mental health professionals. The experience of losing a patient to suicide can have a significant and, in some cases, long-lasting (negative) impact on mental health professionals. However, the nature and extent of the impact on prison staff or forensic mental health professionals in particular is less clear. This narrative review summarises both quantitative and qualitative studies and key findings in this area, focusing on the above professions. A literature search was conducted using PsychInfo and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2000 onwards. The vast majority of findings relate to mental health professionals in general. We were unable to identify any published reports on the responses of forensic psychiatric staff. The majority of identified studies in the prison context are qualitative. Studies from German-speaking countries are particularly scarce in both the prison and mental health contexts. We conclude that there is a profound lack of knowledge about the impact of client/patient suicide on the subgroups of (German) prison and forensic psychiatric staff. Clearly, more research is needed on both the nature and extent of the impact, as well as on the specific organisational and supportive factors that help to mitigate the negative effects of suicide.
Neural activation during natural speech and rests in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders—an fMRI pilot trial
Authors: Hahn Wiebke , Tsalouchidou Panagiota-Eleni , Nagels Arne , Straube Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Background

In schizophrenia patients, spontaneous speech production has been hypothesized as correlating with right hemispheric activation, including the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri as speech-relevant areas. However, robust evidence for this association is still missing. The aim of the present fMRI study is to examine BOLD signal changes during natural, fluent speech production in patients with schizophrenia in the chronic phase of their disease.

Methods

Using a case–control design, the study included 15 right-handed patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders as well as 15 healthy controls. The participants described eight pictures from the Thematic Apperception Test for 1 min each, while BOLD signal changes were measured with 3T fMRI. The occurrence of positive and negative formal thought disorders was determined using standardized psychopathological assessments.

Results

We found significant BOLD signal changes during spontaneous speech production in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in the right hemispheric network. A post-hoc analysis showed that this right-hemispheric lateralization was mainly driven by activation during experimental rests. Furthermore, the TLI sum value in patients correlated negatively with BOLD signal changes in the right Rolandic operculum.

Conclusions

Possible underlying factors for this inverse right-hemispheric lateralization of speech-associated areas are structural changes and transmitter system alterations, as well as a lack of neural downregulation in schizophrenia patients during rest periods due to dysfunctional executive functions. When examining spontaneous speech as the most natural form of language, other influencing factors, such as social cognition or emotional processing, should be considered. Our results indicate that future studies should consider group differences during rest, which might provide additional information typically covered in differential contrasts.
Evaluation of the applicability of hospital-affiliated green spaces to patient recovery using the entropy weight method and grey relational analysis
Authors: Yuan Wei , Yang Maopeng , Liu Dan , Fu Xingyuan , Yu Lei , Wang Kun
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hospital affiliated green spaces can help patients recover and recover their physical functions, promote physical and mental relaxation, enhance health awareness, and improve overall health. However, there are still significant questions about how to scientifically construct hospital affiliated green spaces. This study examines the impact of hospital green spaces on patient rehabilitation through scientific evaluation methods, providing reference for the scientific construction of hospital affiliated green spaces. Applicability evaluation was conducted on the affiliated green spaces of three hospitals in Harbin. An evaluation system covering plants, space, accessibility, rehabilitation functions, and promotional and educational functions has been constructed. The entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of indicators, and the grey correlation analysis method is used to evaluate the suitability of green space for patient rehabilitation.

Methods

The experimental results showed that the landscape accessibility index had the highest weight (0.3005) and the plant index had the lowest weight (0.1628), indicating that caring for special needs is the foundation of hospital landscapes, and plants have subtle and long-term effects on physical and mental health. In the evaluation of the rehabilitation applicability of the affiliated green spaces of various hospitals, the second hospital has the highest grey correlation degree (0.8525), followed by the tumor hospital (0.5306) and the fifth hospital (0.4846). It can be seen that the green space of the second hospital has high applicability for patient rehabilitation, but the green space of the tumor hospital and the fifth hospital needs to be improved and developed.

Results and discussion

The evaluation criteria used in this study are comprehensive. The landscaping at the Third Hospital is well-planned with good plant configuration and reasonable spatial layout. However, there is insufficient consideration for accessibility in the landscape design, and the details are lacking. The rehabilitation and educational functions of the landscape are inadequate, with limited outdoor activities and low road safety. The hospital′s affiliated green spaces should adhere to the principle of “appropriate scale, comprehensive functionality, and educational leisure,” integrating rehabilitation and educational functions while increasing the variety of outdoor activities. In the future, emphasis should be placed on exploring the integration of landscape and rehabilitation to provide a functional site that is convenient for visiting, with improved rehabilitation facilities and an educational and enjoyable environment. The design should incorporate elements that contribute to a sense of well-being, including roads and
The mediating effect of personal mastery and perceived social support between emotional intelligence and social alienation among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Diao Keke , Wang Jiajia , Zhang Yanjun , Huang Yijia , Shan Yan
Published: June 2024

Aim

This study aims to assess the extent of social alienation in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and examine how personal mastery and perceived social support mediate the association between emotional intelligence and social alienation in this patient population.

Methods

This study adopts a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 192 patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital located in Henan Province, China, using a convenience sampling method. We have developed a structural equation model to investigate the mediating influence of personal mastery and perceived social support on the emotional intelligence and social alienation of patients undergoing Peritoneal dialysis.

Results

Peritoneal patients exhibited an social alienation score of 42.01 ± 3.15. Elevated EI levels (coefficient = −0.616, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with reduced social alienation. The mediation model demonstrated that personal mastery and perceived social support fully mediated the impact of emotional intelligence on social alienation.

Conclusion

The social alienation of peritoneal dialysis patients is serious, and healthcare professionals should pay attention to patients’ social alienation, improve patients’ emotional intelligence through relevant interventions, increase personal mastery and perceived social support, and finally reduce social alienation.
Reexamining the use of race in medical algorithms: the maternal health calculator debate
Authors: Kimani Rachel Wangari
Published: June 2024

The concept of race is prevalent in medical, nursing, and public health literature. Clinicians often incorporate race into diagnostics, prognostic tools, and treatment guidelines. An example is the recently heavily debated use of race and ethnicity in the Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) calculator. In this case, the critics argued that the use of race in this calculator implied that race confers immutable characteristics that affect the ability of women to give birth vaginally after a c-section. This debate is co-occurring as research continues to highlight the racial disparities in health outcomes, such as high maternal mortality among Black women compared to other racial groups in the United States. As the healthcare system contemplates the necessity of utilizing race—a social and political construct, to monitor health outcomes, it has sparked more questions about incorporating race into clinical algorithms, including pulmonary tests, kidney function tests, pharmacotherapies, and genetic testing. This paper critically examines the argument against the race-based Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) calculator, shedding light on its implications. Moreover, it delves into the detrimental effects of normalizing race as a biological variable, which hinders progress in improving health outcomes and equity.
A competing risk survival analysis of the impacts of team formation on goals in professional football
Authors: Le Coz Sebastian , Iapteff Loic , Rioland Maxime , Houde Titouan , Carling Christopher , Imbach Frank
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This study investigated the influence of team formation on goal-scoring efficiency through analysing the time required for a goal to be scored in elite football matches.

Method

The analysis was conducted using a comprehensive open access dataset encompassing eight major football competitions, including prestigious events such as the World Cup and the UEFA Champions League. It notably focused on the competing risks framework and employed the Fine and Gray model to account for the interplay between two competing events: team A scoring and team B scoring.

Results

Through analysis of Team A’s goal occurrences, we assessed the offensive capabilities of its formation and the defensive effectiveness of Team B’s composition in relation to the time it took for Team A to score a goal. Findings revealed that teams employing the 4-3-3 and 4-2-3-1 formations outperformed other formations (3-4-3, 3-5-2, 4-4-2, 4-5-1, 5-3-2, 5-4-1) regarding goal-scoring efficiency.

Discussion

By shedding light on the impact of team formation on goal scoring, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of some of the successful strategic aspects of elite football.
Optimisation of an in vitro human cardiovascular model on-a-chip for toxicological assessment of nicotine delivery products
Authors: Chapman Fiona , de Haan Luuk , Gijzen Linda , Strijker Wouter , Sticken Edgar Trelles , Pour Sarah Jean , Wieczorek Roman , Haberstroh Florian , Otte Sandra , Nahde Thomas , Simms Liam , Stevenson Matthew
Published: June 2024

Background

Smoking cigarettes is a cause of serious diseases in smokers, including cardiovascular disease. Through a pathway of endothelial dysfunction, lipid infiltration, macrophage recruitment and vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis is fundamental in the development of most cardiovascular diseases. There is an increasing number of next-generation products (NGP) which provide potentially reduced harm forms of nicotine delivery to adult smokers. This study aimed to optimise an in vitro cardiovascular model to assess such products. Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAECs) were cultured on an OrganoPlate®2-lane chip (Mimetas BV) combined with THP-1 monocytes under flow conditions.

Methods

An aqueous aerosol extract from the 1R6F reference cigarette was compared with two categories of NGP, (a heated tobacco product (HTP) and an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)), to assess relative effects on select atherogenic endpoints (oxidative stress, monocyte adhesion, ICAM-1 expression, and inflammatory markers). Following exposure of THP-1 monocytes with the aqueous extracts, the resulting conditioned medium was then added to the HCAEC vessels.

Results

1R6F was consistently the most potent test article, eliciting observed responses at 4x lower concentrations than applied for both the HTP and ENDS. The HTP was more potent than the ENDS product across all endpoints, however, all test articles increased monocyte adhesion. ICAM-1 did not appear to be a main driver for monocyte adhesion, however, this could be due to replicate variability. Upon comparison to an extract-only control exposure, THP-1-medium pre-conditioning was an important mediator of the responses observed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the data suggests that the NGP extracts, containing primary aerosol chemical constituents exhibit a marked reduction in biological activity in the early key events associated with atherogenesis when compared to a cigarette, adding to the weight of evidence for the tobacco harm reduction potential of such products.
Impact of Institutional Practices and Surgical Complexity on Sarcoma Surgery Costs: Driving Efficiency in Value-Based Healthcare
Authors: Schelling Georg , Heesen Philip , Tautermann Boris , Wepf Markus , Di Federico Barbara , Frei Annika , van Oudenaarde Kim , Giovanoli Pietro , Bode-Lesniewska Beata , Studer Gabriela , Fuchs Bruno ,   on behalf of the Swiss Sarcoma Network
Published: June 2024

Background: Sarcomas present a unique challenge within healthcare systems due to their rarity and complex treatment requirements. This study explores the economic impact of sarcoma surgeries across three Swiss tertiary healthcare institutions, utilizing a consistent surgical approach by a single surgeon to eliminate variability in surgical expertise as a confounding factor. Methods: By analyzing data from 356 surgeries recorded in a real-world-time data warehouse, this study assesses surgical and hospital costs relative to institutional characteristics and surgical complexity. Results: Our findings reveal significant cost variations driven more by institutional resource management and pricing strategies than by surgical techniques. Surgical and total hospitalization costs were analyzed in relation to tumor dignity and complexity scores, showing that higher complexity and malignancy significantly increase costs. Interestingly, it was found that surgical costs accounted for only one-third of the total hospitalization costs, highlighting the substantial impact of non-surgical factors on the overall cost of care. Conclusions: The study underscores the need for standardized cost assessment practices and highlights the potential of predictive models in enhancing resource allocation and surgical planning. By advocating for value-based healthcare models and standardized treatment guidelines, this research contributes to more equitable and sustainable healthcare delivery for sarcoma patients. These insights affirm the necessity of including a full spectrum of care costs in value-based models to truly optimize healthcare delivery. These insights prompt a reevaluation of current policies and encourage further research across diverse geographical settings to refine cost management strategies in sarcoma treatment.
Dendritic Cells in Shaping Anti-Tumor T Cell Response
Authors: Mazzoccoli Luciano , Liu Bei
Published: June 2024

Among professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity and play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. DCs are a heterogeneous population with varying functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated DCs differentiate developmentally and functionally into three main subsets: conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). There are two major subsets of cDCs in TME, cDC1 and cDC2. cDC1 is critical for cross-presenting tumor antigens to activate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and is also required for priming earlier CD4+ T cells in certain solid tumors. cDC2 is vital for priming anti-tumor CD4+ T cells in multiple tumor models. pDC is a unique subset of DCs and produces type I IFN through TLR7 and TLR9. Studies have shown that pDCs are related to immunosuppression in the TME through the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and by promoting regulatory T cells. MoDCs differentiate separately from monocytes in response to inflammatory cues and infection. Also, MoDCs can cross-prime CD8+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the subsets and functions of DCs. We also discuss the role of different DC subsets in shaping T cell immunity in TME and targeting DCs for potential immunotherapeutic benefits against cancer.