bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“It gave me so much confidence”: First‐time U.S. mothers' experiences with antenatal milk expression
Authors: Demirci Jill R. , Glasser Melissa , Fichner Jessica , Caplan Erin , Himes Katherine P.
Published: April 2019

Antenatal milk expression (AME) involves maternal hand‐expression, collection, and storage of breast milk during pregnancy for the purposes of reducing the early formula use in breastfed infants. AME is not widely practiced in the United States, despite its growing popularity elsewhere. In this study, we examined the experiences of first‐time mothers recruited from a U.S. midwife practice who engaged in AME within the context of a pilot randomized controlled trial. The AME intervention involved demonstration and practice of AME with a lactation consultant beginning at 37 weeks of gestation, reinforcement at weekly study visits until delivery, and daily home practice. Nineteen women participated in a semistructured interview at 1–2 weeks postpartum regarding their study experiences. Major themes included (1) perceived benefits and impact of AME, (b) AME implementation, and (c) use of AME milk. Women perceived multiple benefits of AME, most notably that it increased their confidence that they would be able to make milk and breastfeed successfully postpartum. Women expressed some concern that no/little milk expressed could be indicative of postpartum milk production problems. Regarding implementation, women found that the AME protocol fit well into their daily routine. There was mixed feedback regarding comfort with practicing AME in the presence of partners. Reasons for postpartum use of AME milk varied; barriers to provision included inadequate milk storage options at the birth hospital and unsupportive hospital providers/staff. With few caveats, AME appears to be an acceptable breastfeeding support intervention among a sociodemographically homogeneous group of first‐time mothers in the United States.
Permanent Contributions in Philosophy
Authors: Lycan William G.
Published: April 2019

Has any school or movement in all of Western philosophy made a permanent contribution, permanent in the sense that it will last as long as philosophy does? More narrowly, has there ever been put forward athesisthat has achieved lastingconsensus? After carefully defining “philosophical thesis” and “consensus,” so as to forestall uninteresting answers, this paper argues that the ancient Greeks made one or two such contributions, and the Analytic philosophers (ca. 1890–1960) made a few, but there have been no others. Moreover (a) the Analytic contributions were more empirical than philosophical, and (b) they were almost entirely negative. So, the basic short answer to our question is “no.” The paper concludes by asking in what way(s) there has beenprogressin philosophy.
The Astounding Assumption of Infinite Life
Authors: Miller Lantz Fleming
Published: April 2019

The multimillennial philosophical discussion about life after death has received a recent boost in the prospect of immortality attained via technologies. In this newer version, humans generally are considered mortal but may develop means of making themselves immortal. If “immortal” means not mortal, thus existing for infinity, and if the proposed infinite‐existing entity is material, it must inhabit an infinite material universe. If the proposed entity is not material, there must be means by which it can shed its material substance and exist nonmaterially. The article examines arguments for how an infinite life would be possible given current physical understanding. The paper considers a Pascalian‐style wager weighing the likelihood of adjusting to existence wholly within a finite universe versus betting on there being some way to construe the universe(s) as a viable medium for infinite beings. Conclusion: the case for a finite being to exist infinitely has little viable support.
Moral Relativism and Majority Rule
Authors: Wreen Michael
Published: April 2019

A number of arguments against relativism are based on the concept of majority rule. Since, the arguments allege, on relativism moral truth is founded on majority opinion, relativism entails that (a) moral progress and reform are impossible, (b) propaganda, advertising, brainwashing, and high birth rates turn mistaken moral judgments into correct ones, (c) moral horrors, if enough people believe them acceptable, are not moral horrors at all, (d) finding out what’s right and what’s wrong is extremely easy, (e) moral reasoning is very different from what we normally take it to be, and (f) internal criticism of a moral code is impossible. These arguments get their due in this article, which first defines and explicates relativism and then exposes, explains, and criticizes the arguments. Especially important to understand about the relation between relativism and majority opinion is the notion of a convention. Accordingly, it is discussed at some length.
Ethno‐traditional nationalism and the challenge of immigration
Authors: Kaufmann Eric
Published: April 2019

The rise of the populist right in the West is emerging as the most discussed manifestation of nationalism in the world today. In this paper, I argue that this ‘new nationalism’ is largely driven by immigration, which affects ethnic majorities within nation‐states. This in turn alters the ethnic character of the nation, challenging what I term the ethno‐traditions of nationhood. Our inherited concepts of ethnic and civic nationalism were developed in an earlier period when immigration was limited and territorial revisionism animated nationalist movements. Only on the furthest reaches of the extreme right is the worldview one of ethnic nationalism. In our demographically churning yet territorially static western world, we need a new term to describe the cultural nationalism of the anti‐immigration right. I characterise this as ethno‐traditional nationalism, a variety of nationalism which seeks to protect the traditional preponderance of ethnic majorities through slower immigration and assimilation but which does not seek to close the door entirely to migration or exclude minorities from national membership.
What kind of nationalism sets the radical right and its electorate apart from the rest? Pride in the nation's history as part of nationalist nostalgia
Authors: Lubbers Marcel
Published: April 2019

This contribution concerns the nationalist ideology of the radical right and the kind of nationalism that prevails amongst its voters. The article addresses whether closeness to the nation, patriotism and chauvinism are relevant for people to be attracted to the radical right compared with competing parties or whether a reference to an out‐group perceived to harm (economic or cultural) interests is necessary for voters to opt for the radical right. The argument here is based on the ASEN lecture at the 2018 General Conference in London and sets forth a closer interest in nationalist nostalgia.
Resveratrol attenuates the pathogenic and inflammatory properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Ben Lagha Amel , Andrian Elisoa , Grenier Daniel
Published: April 2019

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, which affects tooth‐supporting tissues. This Gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium produces a repertoire of virulence factors that modulate tissue destruction directly or indirectly by the induction of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol, a major polyphenol found in grapes and wine, on the growth and virulence properties of P. gingivalis as well as on gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and the host inflammatory response. Resveratrol exhibited antibacterial activity that may result from damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Resveratrol also killed a pre‐formed P. gingivalis biofilm and reduced bacterial adherence to matrix proteins. In addition, resveratrol had a protective effect on the integrity of the keratinocyte tight junctions by inhibiting its breakdown by P. gingivalis. This may be related to the ability of resveratrol to inhibit the protease activities of P. gingivalis. Lastly, resveratrol reduced P. gingivalis‐mediated activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and attenuated TREM‐1 gene expression as well as soluble TREM‐1 secretion in monocytes. The effect on NF‐κB activation likely results from the ability of resveratrol to act as a PPAR‐γ agonist. In summary, the antibacterial, anti‐adherence, and antiprotease properties of resveratrol, as well as its ability to protect the gingival keratinocyte barrier and attenuate the inflammatory response in monocytes suggest that it may be a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating periodontal disease.
Common errors in temporary hemodialysis catheter insertion
Authors: Samaha Daniel , Clark Edward G.
Published: April 2019

Non‐tunneled hemodialysis catheter (NTHC) insertion is an essential skill for nephrology practice and remains a requirement of training. However, improper insertion technique can increase the risk of potentially fatal infectious and mechanical complications. Evidence‐based strategies can reduce the rates of such complications and should be integrated into practice and training. Ultrasound (US) guidance should routinely be used for NTHC insertion at the femoral and internal jugular sites (with avoidance of the subclavian site). Nephrologists should receive proper training in the use of US for line insertion. With respect to other aspects of the procedure, proper insertion technique readily prevents guidewire‐induced arrhythmias. In addition, adherence to infection‐control guidelines results in a sustainable reduction in bloodstream infections. All these aspects of NTHC insertion may be best taught and evaluated through a program that includes simulation‐based mastery learning (SBML) training. As a separate issue, nephrologists (and intensivists) should be aware that a dysfunctional catheter should be replaced at a new site rather than being changed over a guidewire. This review of common errors related to NTHC insertion seeks to highlight evidence‐based approaches to practice and training.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*03:372 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: You Xuan , Wang Wei , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: April 2019

HLA‐C*03:372 differs from HLA‐C*03:03:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 334 in exon 7.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*07:02:73 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Elsermans Vincent , Visentin Jonathan , Top Isabelle , Varlet Pauline , Labalette Myriam
Published: April 2019

HLA‐B*07:02:73 differs from HLA‐B*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 136 in exon 3.
Technique for Early Consideration of Human Reliability: Applying a Generic Model in an Oil Tanker Operation to Study Scenarios of Collision
Authors: Maturana Marcos Coelho , Martins Marcelo Ramos
Published: April 2019

In the oil sector, analysis, evaluation, and management of risk are vital, considering the accidents potential severity with respect to human life, environment and property. Since most accidents in this sector include human factors, and given the lack of suitable tools for its consideration along the systems life cycle, especially during design phase, the development of models dedicated to human factors in risk analysis is essential. In this context, a technique for early consideration of human reliability (TECHR) was designed for developing a prospective human performance model, which can be exploited in the system design phase and which can be updated along the system life cycle. TECHR is based on the use of expert opinion in relation to systems that operate or have operated in recent years to obtain estimates of the probabilities of the various types of human error which may occur during the performance of a specific action. This paper presents the application of a prospective human performance model—obtained by TECHR—in the study of an oil tanker operation, focusing on human factor quantification in scenarios of collision. In this work, the actions presented in a previous fault tree—for vessel operation—are quantified considering the mentioned model, and the results are discussed in view of the previous results of this fault tree that used the human error probabilities (HEPs) presented in the technique for human error rate prediction (THERP), allowing the comparison of the results obtained by the THERP with the results obtained by the TECHR.
A Three-Step Hybrid Method to Study the Influence of Green Water Impact on a Large Containership in Time Domain
Authors: Kudupudi Ravindra Babu , Pal Sumit Kumar , Datta Ranadev
Published: April 2019

The paper introduces a simplified coupled computational fluid dynamics–boundary element method–finite element method (CFD–BEM–FEM)-based approach to study the effect green water induced loading on global structural responses such as bending moment and shear force. The proposed numerical scheme is based on a coupled three-step model. Initially, rigid modes of structural motions are calculated adopting a three-dimensional (3D) time domain panel method without incorporating the green water loading. The time histories of the green water impact on the deck are computed using a finite volume-based CFD tool with these precalculated rigid body motions. Finally, the problem of fluid–structure interaction is solved by considering the green water force as an external input. The direct integration scheme (i.e., Newmark–Beta method in the time domain) is employed to solve this structural problem modeled with one-dimensional FEM. To check the robustness and efficacy of the proposed model and to evaluate green water effect on the structure and vice versa, a large container vessel with and without forward speed is investigated. The impact is studied with respect to motion, shear force, and bending moment. The results confirm that the impact of green water and structural flexibility is significant. Therefore, these effects must be considered while designing a container ship. Also, from the results, it appears that the present three-step model is an effective, efficient, and useful practical tool to predict such effects.
Design of Tool for Exfoliation of Monocrystalline Microscale Silicon Films
Authors: Ward Martin , Cullinan Michael
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the development of a prototype exfoliation tool and process for the fabrication of thin-film, single crystal silicon, which is a key material for creating high-performance flexible electronics. The process described in this paper is compatible with traditional wafer-based, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication techniques, which enables high-performance devices fabricated using CMOS processes to be easily integrated into flexible electronic products like wearable or internet of things devices. The exfoliation method presented in this paper uses an electroplated nickel tensile layer and tension-controlled handle layer to propagate a crack across a wafer while controlling film thickness and reducing the surface roughness of the exfoliated devices as compared with previously reported exfoliation methods. Using this exfoliation tool, thin-film silicon samples are produced with a typical average surface roughness of 75 nm and a thickness that can be set anywhere between 5 μm and 35 μm by changing the exfoliation parameters.
Capillary Waves Joint to Super-Hydrophobic Bars
Authors: Amromin Eduard
Published: April 2019

Super-hydrophobic coating reduces hydrodynamic drag of rigid surfaces due to separation of a part of the surface from the flow by air. The drag reduction ratio is proportional to the ratio of the surface area covered by air to the whole surface area. The maximum ratio may be achieved for coating with a regular spanwise super-hydrophobic bar. The air–water boundary over such bar would be a capillary wave with wavelength equal the distance between bar apexes. The numerical analysis of such waves was carried out by solving a two-dimensional nonlinear free-boundary problem of ideal fluid theory. Besides several wave shapes, the main computational results include dependencies of wavelengths and dimensionless pressure coefficient necessary for wave maintenance on Weber number. These dependencies make it possible to select the bar size and inflow speed allowing for existence of such waves and the highest drag reduction ratios.
Dynamic Modeling and Adaptive Control of a Single Degree-of-Freedom Flexible Cable-Driven Parallel Robot
Authors: Godbole Harsh Atul , Caverly Ryan James , Forbes James Richard
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the dynamic modeling and adaptive control of a single degree-of-freedom flexible cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR). A Rayleigh–Ritz cable model is developed that takes into account the changes in cable mass and stiffness due to its winding and unwinding around the actuating winch, with the changes distributed throughout the cables. The model uses a set of state-dependent basis functions for discretizing cables of varying length. A novel energy-based model simplification is proposed to further facilitate reduction in the computational load when performing numerical simulations involving the Rayleigh–Ritz model. For control purposes, the massive payload assumption is used to decouple the rigid and elastic dynamics of the system, and a modified input torque and modified output payload rate are used to develop a passive input–output map for the naturally noncollocated system. A passivity-based adaptive control law is derived to dynamically adapt to changes in cable properties and payload inertia, and different forms of the adaptive control law regressor are proposed. It is shown through numerical simulations that the adaptive controller is robust to changes in payload mass and cable properties, and the selection of the regressor form has a significant impact on the performance of the controller.
Giant intrinsic spin Hall effect in W
3
Ta and other A15 superconductors
Authors: Derunova E. , Sun Y. , Felser C. , Parkin S. S. P. , Yan B. , Ali M. N.
Published: April 2019

We identify electronic structure descriptors for the spin Hall effect and propose a design strategy and several new SHE materials.
Hypergolic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as next-generation solid fuels: Unlocking the latent energetic behavior of ZIFs
Authors: Titi H. M. , Marrett J. M. , Dayaker G. , Arhangelskis M. , Mottillo C. , Morris A. J. , Rachiero G. P. , Friščić T. , Rogers R. D.
Published: April 2019

Metal-organic frameworks offer a design for new, clean, and tunable hypergolic fuels with ultrashort ignition delays.
Dissection of the Hydrogen Metabolism of the Enterobacterium Trabulsiella guamensis: Identification of a Formate-Dependent and Essential Formate Hydrogenlyase Complex Exhibiting Phylogenetic Similarity to Complex I
Authors: Lindenstrauß Ute , Pinske Constanze
Published: April 2019

Biological H
2
production presents an attractive alternative for fossil fuels. However, in order to compete with conventional H
2
production methods, the process requires our understanding on a molecular level. FHL complexes are efficient H
2
producers, and the prototype FHL-1

Ec

complex in
E. coli
is well studied. This paper presents the first biochemical characterization of an FHL-2-type complex. The data presented here will enable us to solve the long-standing mystery of the FHL-2

Ec

complex, allow a first biochemical characterization of
T. guamensis
’s fermentative metabolism, and establish this enterobacterium as a model organism for FHL-dependent energy conservation.
Reduction in sympathetic tone in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: is fixed CPAP more effective than APAP? A randomised, parallel trial protocol
Authors: Treptow Erika , Pepin Jean Louis , Bailly Sebastien , Levy Patrick , Bosc Cecile , Destors Marie , Woehrle Holger , Tamisier Renaud
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disease associated with cardiovascular events. Hypertension is one of the major intermediary mechanisms leading to long-term cardiovascular adverse events. Intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia associated with nocturnal respiratory events stimulate chemoreflexes, resulting in sympathetic overactivity and blood pressure (BP) elevation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary treatment for OSA and induces a small but significant reduction in BP. The use of auto-adjusting positive airway pressure (APAP) has increased in the last years and studies showed different ranges of BP reduction when comparing both modalities. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated are not fully elucidated. Variations in pressure through the night inherent to APAP may induce persistent respiratory efforts and sleep fragmentation that might impair sympathovagal balance during sleep and result in smaller decreases in BP. Therefore, this double-blind randomised controlled trial aims to compare muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) assessed by microneurography (reference method for measuring sympathetic activity) after 1 month of APAP versus fixed CPAP in treatment-naive OSA patients. This present manuscript describes the design of our study, no results are presented herein. and is registered under the below reference number.

Methods and analysis

Adult subjects with newly diagnosed OSA (Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index >20/hour) will be randomised for treatment with APAP or fixed CPAP. Measurements of sympathetic activity by MSNA, heart rate variability and catecholamines will be obtained at baseline and after 30 days. The primary composite outcome will be the change in sympathetic tone measured by MSNA in bursts/min and bursts/100 heartbeats. Sample size calculation was performed with bilateral assumption. We will use the Student’s t-test to compare changes in sympathetic tone between groups.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by The French Regional Ethics Committee. The study started in March 2018 with primary completion expected to March 2019. Dissemination plans of the results include presentations at conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT03428516; Pre-results.
Efficacy of low-dose and/or adjuvant methadone in palliative medicine
Authors: Chalker Cameron , O'Neill Hannah , Cranfield Faith
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To summarise the current body of published evidence on the use of low-dose and/or adjuvant methadone in the palliative care setting.

Methods

The authors searched multiple databases (PubMED, SCORPUS, EMBASE and the Cochrane library) for relevant articles using the terms ‘methadone’, ‘palliative’, ‘low dose’ and ‘adjuvant’. The review was restricted to articles published between 2003 and 2018. Paediatric and single-case studies were also excluded. Evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) method.

Results

Our search yielded 171 results, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. Four were retrospective chart reviews, one was a retrospective cohort study, one was a case series and one was a double-blind randomised control trial. The overall quality was found to be very low. Of the seven articles, all seven reported some improvement in pain with the addition of low-dose or adjuvant methadone. This improvement was statistically significant in four out of seven articles; statistical significance was not commented on in the remaining three articles.

Conclusion

While case series and chart reviews offer promising results about the utility of adjuvant and/or low-dose methadone in the management of complex pain, the very low evidence quality, relative dearth of studies and near absence of randomised controlled trials make it impossible to draw firm conclusions. Thus, while very preliminary evidence suggests methadone is a potentially effective and valuable agent, further research must be performed before such findings can be implemented into clinical practice.
Respiratory disease in rabbits
Authors: Mancinelli Elisabetta
Published: April 2019

The popularity of rabbits as household pets has steadily increased over the past decade, leading to great improvements in their standard of care. Respiratory problems are frequently encountered in pet rabbits and often represent a challenge to the general practitioner because specific anatomical knowledge is required to diagnose and manage such cases confidently and efficaciously. This article gives an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system in rabbits and describes a systematic way of diagnosing respiratory disease, leading to an effective treatment regimen.
MRI and glymphatic system
Authors: Jiang Quan
Published: April 2019

Glymphatic system is newly discovered pseudolymphatic system in brain and it plays an important role in the removal of interstitial metabolic waste products. We discuss and review the role of glymphatic system in neurological diseases, especially focus on the potential of MRI modelling and its associated challenges to obtain useful new information related to understand the glymphatic system dynamics, pathways, and provide quantitative maps for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of the disease. The non-invasive nature of MRI might more readily help with translation of glymphatic measurements from the laboratory to the clinic.
Detection of Seoul virus in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from pig farms in Northern England
Authors: Murphy Ellen G , Williams Nicola J , Bennett Malcolm , Jennings Daisy , Chantrey Julian , McElhinney Lorraine M
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Hantaviruses are maintained by mammalian hosts, such as rodents, and are shed in their excretions. Clinical disease can occur in humans from spillover infection. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the globally distributed reservoir host of Seoul virus (SEOV). Human cases of SEOV‐associated haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (SEOV‐HFRS)have been reported in Great Britain (GB) since 1977.

Methods

Brown rats (n=68) were trapped from a variety of peridomestic locations, with a focus on pig farms. Kidney and lung tissues were tested for viral RNA using a pan‐hantavirus RT‐PCR assay followed by Sanger sequencing and analysis.

Results

SEOV RNA was detected in 19 per cent (13/68, 95% CI 11 to 30) of rats and all sequences fell within SEOV lineage 9. Twelve sequences were highly similar to each other and to the previously reported GB Humber strain of SEOV (98 per cent). One rat SEOV sequence was more distant. The SEOV prevalence in rats from pig farms was significantly greater (p=0.047) than other sites sampled. No significant sex or age differences were observed among positive and negative rats.

Discussion

The results from this study suggest that SEOV could be widespread in wild rats in GB and therefore pose a potential risk to public health.
Field performance evaluation of high friction surface treatments (HFST) in Oklahoma
Authors: Yang Guangwei , Li Qiang Joshua , Zhan You , Yu Wenying , Wang Kelvin C.P. , Peng Yi
Published: April 2019

The high friction surface treatment (HFST) is an effective countermeasure to roadway departure crashes. The field performance of the HFST system was evaluated from seven field monitoring trials on six HFST sites in Oklahoma from 2015 to 2017. HFST sections have statistically significant higher pavement friction and macrotexture in contrast to the adjacent untreated pavements. Meanwhile, distresses including patching, reflective cracking, raveling, and delamination have been observed on these HFST sites. The number of property damage crashes and injured crashes before and after the HFST installation are queried from the Oklahoma safety database. The HFST results in 29% to 100% reductions of annual property damage crashes and 100% reduction of annual injured crashes. The benefit-cost ratios of the HFST sites range from 6.9 to 27.9. In addition, HFST sites constructed with bauxite show higher friction numbers and better polishing resistance performance than sites using the local mine chat aggregates.
Mirror nuclei of 9B and 9Be in the shell model and cluster model
Authors: Binesh Zari , Shojaei Mohammad Reza , Azadegan Behnam
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we study the 9B and 9Be mirror nuclei with shell and cluster models. The modified Eckart plus Coulomb repulsive potentials are selected to describe the interaction between particles. By solving the Schrödinger equation, the exact solution of this equation is obtained by the parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov (PNU) method. The eigenvalues and wave function are calculated for 9B and 9Be. Our results are compared with experimental results, as well as results from other papers, and are in good agreement.
Ab initio calculations of the XI molecules (X = Li, Na, K, Rb) with the ionicity and laser cooling analysis
Authors: Zeid Israa , Abdallah Rania Al , El-Kork Nayla , Korek Mahmoud
Published: April 2019

For the alkali iodide molecules LiI, NaI, KI, and RbI, ab initio CASSCF/(MRCI+Q) calculations have been employed to investigate the adiabatic potential energy curves and the static dipole moment curves of the low-lying singlet and triplet electronic states in the representation 2S+1Λ(+/−). The spectroscopic constants Te, Re, ωe, Be, αe, the dipole moment μe, and the dissociation energies De have been computed for the bound states. Additionally, the percentage ionic character fionic around the equilibrium position of the ground state and the (2)1Σ+ state has been estimated. Using the canonical function approach, these calculations have been followed by a rovibrational calculation from which the rovibrational constants Ev, Bv, Dv, and the abscissas of the turning points Rmin and Rmax for the investigated bound states are calculated.
Revisiting the tellurium clusters (Ten; n = 2–8) using ab initio methods
Authors: Abdallah Hassan H.
Published: April 2019

The optimized geometries and vibrational frequencies of Te clusters n = 2–8 are calculated using ab initio molecular orbital theory at B3LYP, MP2, BLYP, and BH–HLYP levels of approximation. We found that Te8 (D4d) cluster has the highest stability followed by Te7 and Te6 (D3d). The computed vibrational frequencies have small systematic deviations with IR spectra for crystalline Te5, Te6 (C2v). The stability of positively and negatively charged Te clusters is determined by the B3LYP method. This is because the B3LYP method demonstrated the best stability in every cluster geometry. In general, the results showed that the negatively charged clusters have the highest stability, followed by neutral clusters, and finally positively charged clusters. However, the predicted bond angle and bond distance for every cluster geometry displayed very close values with different levels of calculations. These calculations will provide predictions for future experimental studies.
A New Approach for Semi-Automatic Building and Extending a Multilingual Terminology Thesaurus
Authors: Horák Aleš , Baisa Vít , Rambousek Adam , Suchomel Vít
Published: April 2019

This paper describes a new system for semi-automatically building, extending and managing a terminological thesaurus — a multilingual terminology dictionary enriched with relationships between the terms themselves to form a thesaurus. The system allows to radically enhance the workow of current terminology expert groups, where most of the editing decisions still come from introspection. The presented system supplements the lexicographic process with natural language processing techniques, which are seamlessly integrated to the thesaurus editing environment. The system’s methodology and the resulting thesaurus are closely connected to new domain corpora in the six languages involved. They are used for term usage examples as well as for the automatic extraction of new candidate terms. The terminological thesaurus is now accessible via a web-based application, which (a) presents rich detailed information on each term, (b) visualizes term relations, and (c) displays real-life usage examples of the term in the domain-related documents and in the context-based similar terms. Furthermore, the specialized corpora are used to detect candidate translations of terms from the central language (Czech) to the other languages (English, French, German, Russian and Slovak) as well as to detect broader Czech terms, which help to place new terms in the actual thesaurus hierarchy.

This project has been realized as a terminological thesaurus of land surveying, but the presented tools and methodology are reusable for other terminology domains.
Spectral Analysis of Fluctuations in Humans’ Daily Motion Using Location Data
Authors: Vadai Gergely , Antal András , Gingl Zoltán
Published: April 2019

The interpretation and characterization of universal scaling laws in human mobility and activity are subjects of active research. For the better understanding, instead of the statistical approach we have examined the temporal patterns of human daily motion using location data. The trajectories were measured continuously and with even sampling (1 measurement per minute), using GPS and Wi-Fi/mobile Internet signals of the participant’s smartphone, we have analyzed the few-week-long signals of displacements between two subsequent samplings in frequency domain. Our results had shown that 1/[Formula: see text] type noise is observable over the frequency of the daily rhythm of motion and its harmonics. We point out several technical questions about the measurement and data processing required for further detailed analysis. Furthermore, our new observation could help in the investigation of the underlying dynamics of human motion and opens several theoretical questions about the relationship between the spatial and temporal universality.
MULTIFRACTAL BEHAVIOR IN PRECIOUS METALS: WAVELET COHERENCY AND FORECASTING BY VARIMA AND V-FARIMA MODELS
Authors: DOĞANGÜN ITIR , ÜNAL GAZANFER
Published: April 2019

We introduce a new approach to improve the forecasting performance by investigating the multifractal features and the dynamic correlations of return on spot prices of precious metals, namely, gold and platinum. The Hölder exponent of multifractal time series is employed to detect the critical fluctuations during the financial crises through measuring the multifractal behavior. We also consider co-movement of Hölder exponents and forecast the Hölder exponents of multifractal precious metal time series on coherent time periods. The results indicate that forecasting of multiple wavelet coherence of Hölder exponents of multifractal precious metal time series is efficiently improved by using Vector FARIMA and VARIMA models.
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION AND MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY: NEW EVIDENCE FROM DSGE MODELING
Authors: GHAZOUANI TAREK , DRISSI RAMZI , BOUKHATEM JAMEL
Published: April 2019

This paper provides a brief overview of theoretical and empirical literature on financial integration and macroeconomic volatility nexus highlighting how the degree of financial integration affects the volatility of macroeconomic fundamentals. Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, our findings show that: (i) higher degree of financial integration tends to decrease short-run volatility; (ii) following monetary policy shocks, financial integration increases nominal exchange rate and output volatility and reduces both nominal and real interest rates and consumption volatility; and (iii) in response to fiscal shocks, financial integration stabilizes all variables under the assumption of perfect capital mobility.
Time-Resolved X-Ray Microscopy for Materials Science
Authors: Wen Haidan , Cherukara Mathew J. , Holt Martin V.
Published: April 2019

X-ray microscopy has been an indispensable tool to image nanoscale properties for materials research. One of its recent advances is extending microscopic studies to the time domain to visualize the dynamics of nanoscale phenomena. Large-scale X-ray facilities have been the powerhouse of time-resolved X-ray microscopy. Their upgrades, including a significant reduction of the X-ray emittance at storage rings (SRs) and fully coherent ultrashort X-ray pulses at free-electron lasers (FELs), will lead to new developments in instrumentation and will open new scientific opportunities for X-ray imaging of nanoscale dynamics with the simultaneous attainment of unprecedentedly high spatial and temporal resolutions. This review presents recent progress in and the outlook for time-resolved X-ray microscopy in the context of ultrafast nanoscale imaging and its applications to condensed matter physics and materials science.
Education in East Asian Societies: Postwar Expansion and the Evolution of Inequality
Authors: Hannum Emily , Ishida Hiroshi , Park Hyunjoon , Tam Tony
Published: April 2019

This article reviews research on the coevolution of educational expansion and educational inequality within China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan in the post–World War II period. These societies are often lauded for their spectacular economic growth, widespread commitment to investing in education, and intense competition for academic success. This review first considers organizational sorting and horizontal stratification within the educational system, followed by returns to education in the labor market and then the inequality of educational opportunity, with special attention to the nominal versus positional approaches to measuring education. This combination of regional focus and substantive diversity offers the leverage of an approximately matched comparison. The findings demonstrate that there are significant heterogeneities in the coevolution of educational expansion and inequality among these societies with strong cultural and political ties. The findings also suggest complex causal and contingent relationships among educational expansion, educational stratification, returns to education, and inequality of opportunity.
A Novel Soft Ensemble Model for Financial Distress Prediction with Different Sample Sizes
Authors: Xu Wei , Fu Hongyong , Pan Yuchen
Published: April 2019

This work presents a novel soft ensemble model (ANSEM) for financial distress prediction with different sample sizes. It integrates qualitative classifiers (expert system method, ES) and quantitative classifiers (convolutional neural network, CNN) based on the uni‐int decision making method of soft set theory (UI). We introduce internet searches indices as new variables for financial distress prediction. By constructing a soft set representation of each classifier and then using the optimal decision on soft sets to identify the financial status of firms, ANSEM inherits advantages of ES, CNN, and UI. Empirical experiments with the real data set of Chinese listed firms demonstrate that the proposed ANSEM has superior predicting performance for financial distress on accuracy and stability with different sample sizes. Further discussions also show that internet searches indices can offer additional information to improve predicting performance.
Takagi‐Sugeno Fuzzy Modeling and PSO‐Based Robust LQR Anti‐Swing Control for Overhead Crane
Authors: Shao Xuejuan , Zhang Jinggang , Zhang Xueliang
Published: April 2019

The dynamic model of overhead crane is highly nonlinear and uncertain. In this paper, Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy modeling and PSO‐based robust linear quadratic regulator (LQR) are proposed for anti‐swing and positioning control of the system. First, on the basis of sector nonlinear theory, the two T‐S fuzzy models are established by using the virtual control variables and approximate method. Then, considering the uncertainty of the model, robust LQR controllers with parallel distributed compensation (PDC) structure are designed. The feedback gain matrices are obtained by transforming the stability and robustness of the system into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) problem. In addition, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to overcome the blindness of LQR weight matrix selection in the design process. The proposed control methods are simple, feasible, and robust. Finally, the numeral simulations are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the methods.
Efficient Method of Firing Angle Calculation for Multiple Launch Rocket System Based on Polynomial Response Surface and Kriging Metamodels
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Tang Qizhong , Han Junli , Yang Ming , Chen Zhihua
Published: April 2019

Aiming at solving the problem of firing angle calculation for the multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) under both standard and actual atmospheric conditions, an efficient method based on large sample data and metamodel is proposed. The polynomial response surface, Kriging, and the ensemble of metamodels are used to establish the functional relations between the firing angle, the maximum range angle, the maximum range, and various influencing factors under standard atmospheric conditions, and related processes are described in detail. On this basis, the initial values for the first two iterations are determined with the meteorological data being made full use of in the six degrees of freedom trajectory simulation, and then the firing angle corresponding to a specific range is automatically and iteratively calculated. The efficient method of firing angle calculation for the typical MLRS has been extensively tested with three cases. The results show that the high‐order polynomial response surface, the Kriging predictors with Cubic, Gauss, and Spline correlation functions, and the ensemble of above four individual metamodels have better performances for predicting the firing angle under standard atmospheric conditions compared with those of other metamodels under identical conditions, and execution times of the above four individual metamodels with a training sample size of 9000 are all less than 0.9ms, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method for calculating the firing angle under standard atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the number of iterations is effectively reduced by using the proposed iterative search approach under actual atmospheric conditions. This research can provide guidance for designing the fire control and command control system of the MLRS.
Evidence of Blood and Muscle Redox Status Imbalance in Experimentally Induced Renal Insufficiency in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Poulianiti Konstantina P. , Karioti Aggeliki , Kaltsatou Antonia , Mitrou Georgia I. , Koutedakis Yiannis , Tepetes Konstantinos , Christodoulidis Grigoris , Giakas Giannis , Maridaki Maria D. , Stefanidis Ioannis , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , Sakkas Giorgos K. , Karatzaferi Christina
Published: April 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by a disturbed redox homeostasis, especially in end-stage patients, which is associated with pathological complications such as anemia, atherosclerosis, and muscle atrophy. However, limited evidence exists about redox disturbances before the end stage of CKD. Moreover, the available redox literature has not yet provided clear associations between circulating and tissue-specific (muscle) oxidative stress levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate commonly used redox status indices in the blood and in two different types of skeletal muscle (psoas, soleus) in the predialysis stages of CKD, using an animal model of renal insufficiency, and to investigate whether blood redox status indices could be reflecting the skeletal muscle redox status. Indices evaluated included reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (PC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results showed that blood GSH was higher in the uremic group compared to the control (17.50±1.73vs.12.43±1.01,p=0.033). In both muscle types, PC levels were higher in the uremic group compared to the control (psoas:1.086±0.294vs.0.596±0.372, soleus:2.52±0.29vs.0.929±0.41,p<0.05). The soleus had higher levels of TBARS, PC, GSH, CAT, and GR and lower TAC compared to the psoas in both groups. No significant correlations in redox status indices between the blood and skeletal muscles were found. However, in the uremic group, significant correlations between the psoas and soleus muscles in PC, GSSG, and CAT levels emerged, not present in the control. Even in the early stages of CKD, a disturbance in redox homeostasis was observed, which seemed to be muscle type-specific, while blood levels of redox indices did not seem to reflect the intramuscular condition. The above results highlight the need for further research in order to identify the key mechanisms driving the onset and progression of oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on CKD patients.
Wnt/PCP Signaling Contribution to Carcinoma Collective Cell Migration and Metastasis
Authors: VanderVorst Kacey , Dreyer Courtney A. , Konopelski Sara E. , Lee Hyun , Ho Hsin-Yi Henry , Carraway Kermit L.
Published: April 2019

Our understanding of the cellular mechanisms governing carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis has evolved dramatically over the last several years. The previous emphasis on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition as a driver of the migratory properties of single cells has expanded with the observation that carcinoma cells often invade and migrate collectively as adherent groups. Moreover, recent analyses suggest that circulating tumor cells within the vasculature often exist as multicellular clusters and that clusters more efficiently seed metastatic lesions than single circulating tumor cells. While these observations point to a key role for collective cell migration in carcinoma metastasis, the molecular mechanisms driving collective tumor cell migration remain to be discerned. Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling, one of the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, mediates collective migratory events such as convergent extension during developmental processes. Wnt/PCP signaling components are frequently dysregulated in solid tumors, and aberrant pathway activation contributes to tumor cell migratory properties. Here we summarize key studies that address the mechanisms by which Wnt/PCP signaling mediate collective cell migration in developmental and tumor contexts. We emphasize Wnt/PCP component localization within migrating cells and discuss how component asymmetry may govern the spatiotemporal control of downstream cytoskeletal effectors to promote collective cell motility.
Activation of MAPK Signaling by CXCR7 Leads to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Li Shangze , Fong Ka-wing , Gritsina Galina , Zhang Ali , Zhao Jonathan C. , Kim Jung , Sharp Adam , Yuan Wei , Aversa Caterina , Yang Ximing J. , Nelson Peter S. , Feng Felix Y. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , de Bono Johann S. , Morrissey Colm , Rettig Matthew B. , Yu Jindan
Published: April 2019

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that has developed resistance to the new-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is a lethal disease. Transcriptome analysis of multiple prostate cancer models identified CXCR7, an atypical chemokine receptor, as one of the most upregulated genes in enzalutamide-resistant cells. AR directly repressed CXCR7 by binding to an enhancer 110 kb downstream of the gene and expression was restored upon androgen deprivation. We demonstrate that CXCR7 is a critical regulator of prostate cancer sensitivity to enzalutamide and is required for CRPC growth in vitro and in vivo. Elevated CXCR7 activated MAPK/ERK signaling through ligand-independent, but β-arrestin 2-dependent mechanisms. Examination of patient specimens showed that CXCR7 and pERK levels increased significantly from localized prostate cancer to CRPC and further upon enzalutamide resistance. Preclinical studies revealed remarkable efficacies of MAPK/ERK inhibitors in suppressing enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Overall, these results indicate that CXCR7 may serve as a biomarker of resistant disease in patients with prostate cancer and that disruption of CXCR7 signaling may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance.

Significance:

These findings identify CXCR7-mediated MAPK activation as a mechanism of resistance to second-generation antiandrogen therapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of MAPK/ERK inhibitors in CRPC.